Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the volume of lattice manifolds

The volume of a general lattice polyhedron P in ℝN can be determined in terms of numbers of lattice points from N − 1 different lattices in P Ehrhart gave a formula for the volume of “polyèdre entier” in even-dimensional spaces involving only N/2 lattices. The aim of this note is to comment on Ehrhart's formula and provide a similar volume formula applicable to lattice polyhedra that are N-dimensional manifolds in ℝN.
Electron impact ionization of gas-phase guanine near the threshold

The mass spectrum of positive ions formed by electron impact ionization of guanine (C5H5N5O) has been measured in a crossed electron–molecule beam experiment. The ionization energy of the molecule and the appearance potential (AP) of some fragment ions were obtained. The value of the ionization energy for the parent ion with m/z = 151 was determined experimentally to be 8.1 ± 0.2 eV, and it is in good agreement with vertical ionization energies obtained in previous photoelectron spectroscopy experiments. The temperature effect for the APs of guanine has been studied for the first time, and a remarkable difference of the APs for various fragment ions has been observed.
Additional Uses for the Analysis of Means and Extended Tables of Critical Values

The analysis of means (ANOM) is a technique for comparing a group of treatment means to see if any of them are significantly different from the overall mean. As such, it can be thought of as an alternative to the analysis of variance for analyzing fixed main effects in a designed experiment. The ANOM has the advantages that it identifies any treatments that are different and provides a graphical display that aids in assessing practical significance. When the exact critical values are used, no price is paid for these advantages in terms of decreased power. The first purpose of this article is to show that these exact critical values are appropriate not only for balanced complete designs, but also for Latin squares, Graeco-Latin squares, balanced incomplete block (BIB) designs, Youden squares, and axial mixture designs. Exact critical values for the ANOM in the equal-sample-size case when the degrees of freedom for error are at least as large as the number of treatments being compared have been previously p.
A Dense Mapping Algorithm Based on Spatiotemporal Consistency

Dense mapping is an important part of mobile robot navigation and environmental understanding. Aiming to address the problem that Dense Surfel Mapping relies on the input of a common-view relationship, we propose a local map extraction strategy based on spatiotemporal consistency. The local map is extracted through the inter-frame pose observability and temporal continuity. To reduce the blurring of map fusion caused by the different viewing angles, a normal constraint is added to the map fusion and weight initialization. To achieve continuous and stable time efficiency, we dynamically adjust the parameters of superpixel extraction. The experimental results on the ICL-NUIM and KITTI datasets show that the partial reconstruction accuracy is improved by approximately 27–43%. In addition, the system achieves a greater than 15 Hz real-time performance using only CPU computation, which is improved by approximately 13%.
Uncertainty Relations in the Madelung Picture Including a Dissipative Environment

In a recent paper, we have shown how in Madelung’s hydrodynamic formulation of quantum mechanics, the uncertainties are related to the phase and amplitude of the complex wave function. Now we include a dissipative environment via a nonlinear modified Schrödinger equation. The effect of the environment is described by a complex logarithmic nonlinearity that vanishes on average. Nevertheless, there are various changes in the dynamics of the uncertainties originating from the nonlinear term. Again, this is illustrated explicitly using generalized coherent states as examples. With particular focus on the quantum mechanical contribution to the energy and the uncertainty product, connections can be made with the thermodynamic properties of the environment.
Preselecting AGN candidates from multi-wavelength data by ADTree

With the information era in astronomy coming, this “data avalanche” may provide many answers to important problems in contemporary astrophysics. The most important problem is sifting through massive amounts of data to mine knowledge. In this paper, we positionally cross-identify multi-wavelength data from optical, near-infrared, and X-ray bands, and then employ Alternating Decision Trees (ADTree) to quickly and robustly separate AGN candidates to a high degree of accuracy. We emphasise the application of the method due to the development of large survey projects and the establishment of the virtual observatory, and conclude that the application of data mining algorithms in astronomy is of great importance to discover new knowledge impossible to obtain before, and promote the development of astronomy.
Mergers of double NSs with one high-spin component: brighter kilonovae and fallback accretion, weaker gravitational waves

Neutron star (NS) mergers where both stars have negligible spins are commonly considered as the most likely “standard” case. In globular clusters, however, the majority of NSs have been spun up to millisecond (ms) periods and, based on observed systems, we estimate that a non-negligible fraction of all double NS mergers ($\sim 4\pm 2\;\%$) contains one component with a spin of a (few) ms. We use the Lagrangian numerical relativity code SPHINCS$_$BSSN to simulate mergers where one star has no spin and the other has a dimensionless spin parameter of χ = 0.5. Such mergers exhibit several distinct signatures compared to irrotational cases. They form only one, very pronounced spiral arm and they dynamically eject an order of magnitude more mass of unshocked material at the original, very low electron fraction. One can therefore expect particularly bright, red kilonovae. Overall, the spinning case collisions are substantially less violent and they eject smaller amounts of shock-generated semi-relativistic material. Therefore, the ejecta produce a weaker blue/UV kilonova precursor signal, but — since the total amount is larger — brighter kilonova afterglows months after the merger. The spinning cases also have significantly more fallback accretion and thus could power late-time X-ray flares. Since the post-merger remnant loses energy and angular momentum significantly less efficiently to gravitational waves, such systems can delay a potential collapse to a black hole and are therefore candidates for merger-triggered gamma-ray bursts with longer emission time scales.
Flux Calibration of the BATC Survey and Its Application for Checking the Consistency of the Oke-Gunn Standards

Four Oke-Gunn (OG) standards, HD19445, HD84937, BD+26 2606 and BD+17 4708 are used as standard stars for flux calibration in the BATC project. They are also widely used in the visual wavelength region in many other photometric projects. Over the years we have observed on 58 good photometric nights, and the data obtained are used for flux calibration. Normally two or three OG standards are observed in every photometric night. The data are used for getting the atmo- spheric extinction coecients and instrumental magnitude zero point. We also use these data to make inter-comparisons among the magnitudes of these standard stars. As a result, we found the magnitudes of HD19445, HD84937 and BD+17 4708 to agree well with those estimated in previous work to within 0.03 magnitude. How- ever, BD+26 2606 shows a larger deviation especially at short wavebands. Possible reasons are analyzed and the revised magnitudes are obtained for these standards. It is shown that the quality of flux calibration of the BATC fields is significantly improved by applying the new magnitudes.
Numerical study of two-dimensional metamaterial composites: the existence of a stop band

Two-dimensional metamaterial photonic crystals composed of dispersive left-handed materials and a right-handed medium were investigated. The existence of a stop band was studied by finite-difference time-domain calculations incorporated into an auxiliary differential equation (FDTD-ADE) method. The existence of a stop band was studied in the case of Drude-type dispersion responses for the dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability of the metamaterial. A distinct stop band appears when the dispersive left-handed metamaterials are embedded in a positive-refractive-index medium and spatially isolated from each other. In contrast, the stop band is absent when the metamaterials span the entire photonic crystal.
Optimal far-field focusing of uniformly spaced arrays subject to arbitrary upper bounds in nontarget directions

A new approach providing new theoretical results to the optimal far-field focusing of uniformly spaced arrays, subject to a completely arbitrary mask for sidelobe bounds, is presented and discussed. In both cases of linear or planar arrays (with rectangular boundaries), it is first shown that the problem can be formulated, without any loss to performances on the maximum, as a linear programming one, guaranteeing a globally optimal solution. Second, a sufficient uniqueness criterion for the solution of the overall problem is also developed, which shows how the solution may not be unique (as is actually the case) when planar arrays are considered. In addition, further globally effective optimization procedures are proposed for the latter case in order to optimize directivity, smoothness of excitations, or other performance parameters in the set of equivalent solutions. Last, an extension to planar arrays with a nonrectangular boundary is also given. A thorough numerical analysis confirms the effectiveness of the approach proposed and of the solution codes developed.
Simulations of reacting droplets dispersed in isotropic turbulence

Several important issues pertaining to dispersion and polydispersity of evaporating and reacting fuel droplets in forced turbulent flows are investigated. The carrier phase is considered in the Eulerian context and is simulated by direct numerical simulation. The dispersed phase is tracked in the Lagrangian frame and the interactions between the phases are taken into account in a realistic two-way coupled formulation. It is assumed that combustion takes place in the vapor phase and is described as fuel -f oxidizer —> products + energy. The resulting scheme is applied for extensive simulations of a forced, isotropic, low Mach number turbulent flow laden with a large number of fuel droplets. Here the results are presented for different values of the mass loading ratio and the heat release coefficient. The combustion process is significantly affected by the rate of evaporation and the fuel vapor participates in the chemical reaction almost immediately after its production. A strong correlation is observed between the droplet concentration and the reaction rate. The results are also used to discuss the temporal evolution of the mean temperatures and the mean mass fractions, as well as the role of the preferential distribution of the droplets.
Zebrafish Models to Study Ectopic Calcification and Calcium-Associated Pathologies

Ectopic calcification refers to the pathological accumulation of calcium ions in soft tissues and is often the result of a dysregulated action or disrupted function of proteins involved in extracellular matrix mineralization. While the mouse has traditionally been the go-to model organism for the study of pathologies associated with abnormal calcium deposition, many mouse mutants often have exacerbated phenotypes and die prematurely, limiting the understanding of the disease and the development of effective therapies. Since the mechanisms underlying ectopic calcification share some analogy with those of bone formation, the zebrafish (Danio rerio)—a well-established model for studying osteogenesis and mineralogenesis—has recently gained momentum as a model to study ectopic calcification disorders. In this review, we outline the mechanisms of ectopic mineralization in zebrafish, provide insights into zebrafish mutants that share phenotypic similarities with human pathological mineralization disorders, list the compounds capable of rescuing mutant phenotypes, and describe current methods to induce and characterize ectopic calcification in zebrafish.
Mitochondria in reproduction

In reproduction, mitochondria produce bioenergy, help to synthesize biomolecules, and support the ovaries, oogenesis, and preimplantation embryos, thereby facilitating healthy live births. However, the regulatory mechanism of mitochondria in oocytes and embryos during oogenesis and embryo development has not been clearly elucidated. The functional activity of mitochondria is crucial for determining the quality of oocytes and embryos; therefore, the underlying mechanism must be better understood. In this review, we summarize the specific role of mitochondria in reproduction in oocytes and embryos. We also briefly discuss the recovery of mitochondrial function in gametes and zygotes. First, we introduce the general characteristics of mitochondria in cells, including their roles in adenosine triphosphate and reactive oxygen species production, calcium homeostasis, and programmed cell death. Second, we present the unique characteristics of mitochondria in female reproduction, covering the bottleneck theory, mitochondrial shape, and mitochondrial metabolic pathways during oogenesis and preimplantation embryo development. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with ovarian aging, a diminished ovarian reserve, a poor ovarian response, and several reproduction problems in gametes and zygotes, such as aneuploidy and genetic disorders. Finally, we briefly describe which factors are involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and how mitochondrial function can be recovered in reproduction. We hope to provide a new viewpoint regarding factors that can overcome mitochondrial dysfunction in the field of reproductive medicine.
Radiometric Intercomparison betweenSuomi-NPPVIIRS andAquaMODIS Reflective Solar Bands Using Simultaneous Nadir Overpass in the Low Latitudes

AbstractOn-orbit radiometric performance of the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (Suomi-NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is studied using the extended simultaneous nadir overpass (SNO-x) approach. Unlike the traditional SNO analysis of data in the high latitudes, this study extends the analysis to the low latitudes—in particular, over desert and ocean sites with relatively stable and homogeneous radiometric properties—for intersatellite comparisons. This approach utilizes a pixel-by-pixel match with an efficient geospatial matching algorithm to map VIIRS data into the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). VIIRS moderate-resolution bands M-1 through M-8 are compared with Aqua MODIS equivalent bands to quantify radiometric bias over the North African desert and over the ocean. Biases exist between VIIRS and MODIS in several bands, primarily because of spectral differences as well as possible calibration uncertainties, residual cloud contamination, and bidirect.
Could Biparametric MRI Replace Multiparametric MRI in the Management of Prostate Cancer?

Simple Summary Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common types of tumors among men, being potentially curable when diagnosed in early phases. With all this, this type of cancer does not have any specific symptoms until it advances. Therefore, it is vital to diagnose it as soon as possible. This study aims to determine the role of biparametric MRI (bpMRI) in PCa management, compared to today’s most used imaging method—multiparametric MRI (mpMRI). There were 31 relevant articles in the field studied to find the advantages and disadvantages of bpMRI. The results show that bpMRI can mostly be used for PCa diagnosis, but for other steps of tumor management, it is not as suitable as mpMRI, having a series of disadvantages. In conclusion, bpMRI has similar accuracy as mpMRI in the diagnosis of PCa. These findings will be useful in the field of PCa management, because, if bpMRI replaces mpMRI at least in diagnosis, the costs for this imaging method will be lower, and patients will be less likely to develop allergic reactions to contrast agents, as bpMRI does not use any. Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is a worldwide epidemiological problem, since it is one of the most prevalent types of neoplasia among men, and the third-leading cause of cancer-related deaths, after lung and colorectal tumors. Unfortunately, the early stages of PCa have a wide range of unspecific symptoms. For these reasons, early diagnosis and accurate evaluation of suspicious lesions are crucial. Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is currently the imaging modality of choice for diagnostic screening and local staging of PCa, but also has a leading role in guiding biopsies and in treatment biparametric MRI (bpMRI) could partially replace mpMRI due to its lack of adverse reactions caused by contrast agents, relatively lower costs, and shorter acquisition time. Further, 31 relevant articles regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the aforementioned imaging techniques were scanned. As a result, while bpMRI has comparable accuracy in detecting PCa, its roles in the other steps of PCa management are limited.
Photoluminescence study of Y2O3:Er3+-Eu3+-Yb3+ phosphor for lighting and sensing applications

The Er3+, Eu3+, and Yb3+ codoped Y2O3 phosphors have been synthesized by combustion synthesis process. For the structural information, the XRD analysis of the developed phosphor has been done. The frequency upconversion (UC) emissions in the codoped Y2O3 phosphor on excitation with 980 nm diode laser in the visible region have been performed and explained on the basis of excited state absorption and energy transfer process. The mechanism responsible in UC emissions was observed to involve two photon absorption and efficiency of the UC luminescence is significantly enhanced by introducing the Yb3+ ions. The tunability in colour of emitted radiation has been visualized by chromaticity diagram on increasing power of excitation source. The temperature sensing behaviour of developed phosphor material has been investigated using fluorescence intensity ratio technique.
Effectiveness of weighting and bootstrap in the estimation of welfare indices under complex sampling

Most poverty and inequality analysis rely on household-based surveys, such as income and expenditure surveys. Since multistage stratified sampling is used for these surveys, and coverage errors and non-response are generally part of surveys, it is essential that the data be weighted in order to obtain improved accuracy of the estimates of the measures. The first part of this paper considers the use of weighting, especially calibration / integrated weighting, in order to improve the estimation of welfare measures such as the Headcount index, Gini coefficient and Theil's index in complex surveys. The second part considers whether the bootstrap resampling technique provides reliable estimation results for poverty and inequality measures, especially for the construction of confidence intervals. Application of the bootstrap in complex sampling designs is discussed and used to estimate the bias and MSE of estimators of the welfare indices under consideration, over the different weighting techniques. Four confidence intervals for the welfare indices that are discussed under complex sampling, are the standard (asymptotic) interval, percentile interval, bootstrap-t interval and BCa interval. The latter confidence interval has not been applied previously in complex sampling. Results are given that assess the different weighting techniques as well as the performance of the bootstrap under complex sampling. These results are all obtained from a simulation study carried out on the Income and Expenditure Survey (IES) 2005/2006 of South Africa, using income as study variable.
A central principle of science: Optimization

This paper formalizes an implicit presupposition in all scientific theories of action dealing with all levels and subsystems of living and nonliving systems, whether they be theories of particle action, animal action, human action, or evolutionary action. Once formalized, this presupposition leads to a mathematical law of optimization (a variational principle). By specifying the functions involved in this law, one can then derive specific theories in such fields as physics, psychology, and economics. Thus, this paper answers the question: “Why are optimization principles so prevalent throughout the sciences? ” It results from an implicit consistency premise in all scientific theories. We illustrate how our optimization law can be used to derive specific laws in many different scientific areas.
Loop-Coupled Small Antenna With Enhanced Bandwidth for On-Metal UHF RFID Tag Design

A small antenna with a dimension of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$36\times 39\times1.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.109\lambda \times 0.118\lambda \times 0.0045\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>) is proposed for wideband metal-mountable applications. An excitation loop is designed within the antenna structure for achieving good energy coupling from the loop to the outer patch. With the introduction of a narrow stub, connecting the top and bottom conductors, the 3 dB impedance bandwidth of the proposed tag can be enhanced from 16 to 50 MHz, without modifying other design parameters. The bandwidth and the impedance matching between the antenna and the microchip can be tuned by varying the stub width. The gap separation between the top patches and the L-slot on the patch can also be adjusted for bandwidth optimization. The tag is readable from at least 6 m within 896–917 MHz, regardless of the metal plate dimension (12–24 cm). The tag is also readable from at a minimum of 4 m within a wide frequency range of 887–927 MHz, covering the entire US UHF radio frequency identification (RFID) band when attached to different sizes of metallic items.
Measurement of the t anti-t production cross-section at √s = 1.96-TeV using lifetime tagging

A measurement of the t{bar t} production cross section in the lepton+jets channels with the D0 detector at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV using the lifetime-tagging techniques is presented. The t{bar t} cross section is estimated from the combination of the e+jets and {mu}+jets channels. The obtained result {sigma}{sub t{bar t}} = 7.47{sub -1.14}{sup +1.22}(stat){sub -1.03}{sup +1.65}(syst) {+-} 0.49(lumi) pb is consistent with the Standard Model expectation.
Measurement of dynamic characteristics of metal sheet under laser shock

A new approach is developed to measure the dynamic characteristics of metal sheet under laser shock, including deformation velocity, strain, and strain rate. The detecting laser beam is partially shaded by the target deformation induced by the laser action. A photodiode transforms the received beam intensity real time into an electrical signal which could record the process of the target deformation. The functional relation between the electrical signal and the deformation of the metal sheet is derived. The deformation curve of a thin aluminum and the velocity curve of its deformation are also obtained during the experiment. The results indicate that the average velocity of the elastic deformation of the target can reach 2.999￡103 m/s in the central area. This new method provides an approach in the study of the effect of strain rate on deformation.