Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 57mW embedded mixed-mode neuro-fuzzy accelerator for intelligent multi-core processor

Artificial intelligence (AI) functions are becoming important in smartphones, portable game consoles, and robots for such intelligent applications as object detection, recognition, and human-computer interfaces (HCI). Most of these functions are realized in software with neural networks (NN) and fuzzy systems (FS), but due to power and speed limitations, a hardware solution is needed. For example, software implementations of object-recognition algorithms like SIFT consume ∼10W and ∼1s delay even on a 2.4GHz PC CPU. Previously, GPGPUs or ASICs were used to realize AI functions [1–2]. But GPGPUs just emulate NN/FS with many processing elements to speed up the software, while still consuming a large amount of power. On the other hand, low-power ASICs have been mostly dedicated stand-alone processors, not suitable to be ported into many different systems [2].
The Interplay Between Instructional and Entrepreneurial Leadership Styles in Cyprus Rural Primary Schools

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how school principals combine instructional and entrepreneurial aspects of leadership in their effort to build capacity for student learning. Four cases of successful school principals in rural primary schools in Cyprus are described as part of the International Successful School Principalship Project (ISSPP). Purposive sampling was used in a multiperspective research methodology employing a semistructured interview protocol. The findings of the case studies formed the basis of a framework of successful school leadership, according to which instructional and entrepreneurial leadership are two vital and complementary constituents of successful leadership. The specific framework holds unique importance since it illustrates that successful leadership can promote learning both within the school itself but also through the utilization of its wider environment. Findings suggest that practitioners and policymakers need to think and act in a systemic manner by taking into account all the forces that impact student learning.
Actinobacterial Nitrate Reducers and Proteobacterial Denitrifiers Are Abundant in N2O-Metabolizing Palsa Peat

ABSTRACT Palsa peats are characterized by elevated, circular frost heaves (peat soil on top of a permanently frozen ice lens) and are strong to moderate sources or even temporary sinks for the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Palsa peats are predicted to react sensitively to global warming. The acidic palsa peat Skalluvaara (approximate pH 4.4) is located in the discontinuous permafrost zone in northwestern Finnish Lapland. In situ N2O fluxes were spatially variable, ranging from 0.01 to −0.02 μmol of N2O m−2 h−1. Fertilization with nitrate stimulated in situ N2O emissions and N2O production in anoxic microcosms without apparent delay. N2O was subsequently consumed in microcosms. Maximal reaction velocities (v max) of nitrate-dependent denitrification approximated 3 and 1 nmol of N2O per h per gram (dry weight [gDW]) in soil from 0 to 20 cm and below 20 cm of depth, respectively. v max values of nitrite-dependent denitrification were 2- to 5-fold higher than the v max nitrate-dependent denitrification, and v max of N2O consumption was 1- to 6-fold higher than that of nitrite-dependent denitrification, highlighting a high N2O consumption potential. Up to 12 species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of narG, nirK and nirS, and nosZ were retrieved. Detected OTUs suggested the presence of diverse uncultured soil denitrifiers and dissimilatory nitrate reducers, hitherto undetected species, as well as Actino-, Alpha-, and Betaproteobacteria. Copy numbers of nirS always outnumbered those of nirK by 2 orders of magnitude. Copy numbers of nirS tended to be higher, while copy numbers of narG and nosZ tended to be lower in 0- to 20-cm soil than in soil below 20 cm. The collective data suggest that (i) the source and sink functions of palsa peat soils for N2O are associated with denitrification, (ii) actinobacterial nitrate reducers and nirS-type and nosZ-harboring proteobacterial denitrifiers are important players, and (iii) acidic soils like palsa peats represent reservoirs of diverse acid-tolerant denitrifiers associated with N2O fluxes.
An Effective Algorithm of News Topic Tracking

Topic tracking is to track trend of news topic, which people are interested in. It is a very pragmatic method in information retrieval. Compared with keywords retrieval, topic tracking excels in dynamic tracking based on text model and its content understanding, so it is mostly involved in text expressing and semantic understanding. LS-SVM, as a new method for news topic tracking, is presented in this paper. It analyzes texts using latent semantic analysis, and achieves semantic-based character feature reduction and document expression. SVM is used to complete semantic-based topic tracking. Experiment results show that LS-SVM outperforms conventional methods, and reduces fault and fail rate of topic tracking.
The Appropriation of the Material of Places in the Landscape: The case of tufa and springs

Springs have long been recognized as being significant places in the landscape, and there is ample evidence of later-prehistoric and Roman activity at spring sites. The Christian appropriation of springs as 'places', either indirectly by assigning their origin to saints, or directly by building chapels and churches on spring-head sites, is also well evidenced. The possibility that the material of petrifying springs - tufa - was both transplanted and appropriated, and that the symbolic properties of the material may go back well into British prehistory, is explored.
Two-Mode Adaptive Fuzzy Control With Approximation Error Estimator

In this paper, we propose a two-mode adaptive fuzzy controller with approximation error estimator. In the learning mode, the controller employs some modified adaptive laws to tune the fuzzy system parameters and an approximation error estimator to compensate for the inherent approximation error. In the operating mode, the fuzzy system parameters are fixed, only the estimator is updated online. Mathematically, we show that the closed-loop system is stable in the sense that all the variables are bounded in both modes. We also establish mathematical bounds on the tracking error, state vector, control signal and the RMS error. Using these bounds, we show that controller's design parameters can be chosen to achieve desired control performance. After that, an algorithm to automatically switch the controller between two modes is presented. Finally, simulation studies of an inverted pendulum system and a Chua's chaotic circuit demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed controller.
Cyanobacterial diversity of western European biological soil crusts along a latitudinal gradient

Cyanobacteria associated with biological soil crusts (BSCs) have important attributes, such as nitrogen fixation and soil stabilisation. However, research on these organisms has been minimal, and their diversity and distribution throughout temperate Europe is currently unknown. The SCIN (Soil Crust International) project is a multidisciplinary research initiative that aims to achieve improved understanding of the BSCs of Europe, one facet being an investigation into the cyanobacterial communities of BSCs across a latitudinal gradient. Cyanobacteria assemblages were analysed by both morphological and molecular analysis. Two treatments were applied prior to DNA extraction, continued sample wetting and a dry sample process, and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) amplicons were processed by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The results reveal high and variable cyanobacterial diversity with each site showing a unique assemblage. Many common cyanobacterial genera, for example Nostoc and Microcoleus, were found in all sites but the abundances of different genera varied considerably. The polyphasic approach was found to be essential in recording the presence of important cyanobacteria that a single method itself did not highlight. The wet and dry treatments showed some differences in diversity, but mainly in abundance, this may suggest how cyanobacterial composition of BSCs changes with seasonal variability.
L1Simplex: Fault-tolerant control of cyber-physical systems

As the complexity of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) increases, it becomes more and more challenging to ensure the reliability of CPS, especially in the presence of system failures. Simplex architecture is shown to be an efficient tool to address the software failure in such systems. However, when physical failures also appear, Simplex does not work any more because the physical dynamics change due to physical failures. The Simplex architecture designed for the original physical model may not be suitable for the new dynamics. To address both software and physical failures, this paper presents the L1Simplex architecture, which contains the safety monitor, the high-performance controller (HPC), the L1- based high-assurance controller (HAC), and the decision logic for controller switching. The safety monitor is used to monitor the system behavior. It leads to another controller switching rule besides the stability-envelope-based rule in the decision logic. The HAC is designed based on the L1 adaptive controller, with which the stability envelope is computed. We show that the L1Simplex architecture can efficiently handle a class of software and physical failures.
Hyperperfusion syndrome after intracranial angioplasty and stent placement.

To the Editor: Rezende et al1 incorrectly state that there is no prior report in the literature of hyperperfusion syndrome after stent revascularization of the intracranial vertebral artery. In fact, a nearly identical case was published with imaging proof of hyperperfusion based on cerebral blood flow (Figure) nearly 6 years ago in Neurosurgery . Cerebral hyperperfusion after stenting in a 77-year-old man with crescendo vertebrobasilar insufficiency, despite heparin anticoagulation and the use of antiplatelet agents. A, Angiogram, demonstrating preocclusive (>90%) narrowing of the right vertebrobasilar junction. The left vertebral artery was occluded in the neck, and it was reconstituted by retrograde filling from the vertebrobasilar junction. B, Angiogram, after stenting, showing that the vertebral and basilar arteries are widely patent. C, Xenon-enhanced CT scan, before treatment, demonstrating decreased cerebral blood flow of 28 to 30 mL/100 g tissue per minute (arrowheads). D, 36-Hour post-treatment xenon-enhanced CT scan, showing quantitatively …
Beyond Harm, Intention, and Dyads: Relationship Regulation, Virtuous Violence, and Metarelational Morality

In the target article, Gray, Young, and Waytz (GYW) offer a unifying definition of the “moral” domain. The strong version of their argument is that moral judgments consist of cognizing an agent intentionally harming a patient; judgment not based in this template is nonmoral. What’s striking about the simplicity and beauty of their perspective is how much difficulty moral psychologists often have when asked to define what they mean by “moral. ” Most of the time researchers avoid this problem by falling back on folk definitions and intuitively appealing examples. GYW tackle this problem directly by providing a definition and defending it. The field is in need of such unifying approaches. Although we judge that the authors’ argument is muddled in major conceptual confusions about the concept of “harm” and fundamental ambiguities about the sort of claim they are making, their perspective is important for the deep questions it raises about the role of intention, violence, and dyadic relationships in our moral psychology.
Social Stressors on the Job: Recommendations for a Broadened Perspective

Recent job-stress research indicating the impact of psychosocial stressors on employees is outlined. Four suggestions are presented to broaden the job-stress research while keeping the psychosocial emphasis. These suggestions are: (1) search for additional psychosocial stressors; (2) expand the types of social support investigated as moderating variables; (3) research outcomes of job stress other than employee strains; and (4) consider the use of theories other than role theory in developing research hypotheses. It also is recommended that research be integrated with stress-management programs, and specific research designs are suggested for the evaluation of such programs. The link between on-the-job stressors and off-the-job strains, the joint interaction of social stressors and physical stressors, and the standardization of diagnostic instruments to measure job stress are recommended for examination.
Naturalistic Studies of the Long‐Term Effects of Television Violence

Carefully controlled experimental laboratory research has provided valuable evidence about the effects of media violence on the aggressive behavior of viewers in laboratory settings. However, social stimuli such as media violence can produce different effects in laboratory as compared to nonlaboratory settings. Thus, research in laboratory settings may not provide accurate information about the effects of media violence in nonlaboratory settings. Some types of quasi-experimental field research can provide evidence about the long-term socialization and developmental effects of media violence on viewer's behavior in naturalistic settings. The present article summarizes the findings from a number of quasi-experimental studies about the effects of naturally occurring media violence. We conclude that the balance of the findings are consistent with the hypothesis that television produces a long-term increase in the aggressive behavior of boys but not of girls.
The Unfulfilled Promise of Life Histories

Most investigators of life histories have omitted detailed descriptions of their relationships with the narrators. Such data are indispensable for complete life histories, and they are not amenable to traditional social science analyses. The analysis of life histories requires reversal of the Law of Parsimony, an expansion rather than a contraction of complexity to explain the phenomena adequately, since the investigator's role in the creation of a life history is not an interference with but rather an integral part of the data.
Psychopathology and the Construction of Meaning: Comments on a Proposed Law of Cognitive Structure Activation

Psychologists have long characterized human existence as a continual search for meaning. From the seminal writings of theorists such as James (1890/1948) and Bartlett (1932) to current-day computer metaphors for information processing, the construction of meaning has been identified as perhaps the fundamental psychological activity. Similarly, there has long been a recognition that knowledge structures (internally stored representations of events, beliefs, skills, language, etc.) built up from past experiences are a major determinant of how people construe and categorize events as well as regulate behavior (e.g., Locke, Mill). Such hypothetical mental structures-variously referred to as personal constructs, schemata, scripts, and so forth-can be viewed as "templates" that provide meaning, organization, and predictability for social events (Kelly, 1955). The potential applicability of a knowledge-structure perspective for understanding psychopathology has not been lost on clinical investigators. In many respects, a paradigm shift away from traditional psychoanalytic and behavioral approaches toward more cognitive theories has occurred in experimental psychopathology during the past two decades. Such a movement toward cognitively based models has been most noticeable in the domains of depression (e.g., Abramson, Metalsky, & Alloy, 1989; Beck, 1967; Segal, 1988) and anxiety (e.g., Barlow, 1988). Numerous investigators have been exploring the mechanisms by which certain individuals come to interpret their life circumstances in a "distressogenic" manner, so that the construction of meaning now has been assigned a central and presumably causal role in the etiology and maintenance of emotional disorders. What advantage might be gained by applying the proposed law of cognitive structure activation to the study of emotional disorders? To address this question, I first comment on certain aspects of the proposition and then consider briefly how such a rule would fit with existing theory and data in the depression and anxiety literatures. It hardly need be stated that I do not speak for the community of experimental psychopathologists studying emotional disorders; rather, the remarks offered represent extensions of my own views on the critical issues facing cognitive theories in psychopathology. Although at first glance the two sections of the commentary may seem unrelated, I hope to show that they are in fact united by their relevance to that "fundamental psychological activity," the construction of meaning.
Rho/MRTF-A-Induced Integrin Expression Regulates Angiogenesis in Differentiated Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to undergo endothelial differentiation in response to treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but their angiogenic ability is poorly characterized. In the present study, we aimed to further investigate the role of Rho/MRTF-A in angiogenesis by MSCs and the effect of the Rho/MRTF-A pathway on the expression of integrins α1β1 and α5β1, which are known to mediate physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Our results showed that increased expression of α1, α5, and β1 was observed during angiogenesis of differentiated MSCs, and the Rho/MRTF-A signaling pathway was demonstrated to be involved in regulating the expression of integrins α1, α5, and β1. Luciferase reporter assay and ChIP assay determined that MRTF-A could bind to and transactivate the integrin α1 and α5 promoters. Treatment with the Rho inhibitor C3 transferase, the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y27632 or with shMRTF-A inhibited both the upregulation of α1, α5, and β1 as well as angiogenesis. Furthermore, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), MRTF-A deletion led to marked reductions in cell migration and vessel network formation compared with the control. These data demonstrate that Rho/MRTF-A signaling is an important mediator that controls integrin gene expression during MSC-mediated angiogenic processes.
Eggs in more than one basket: Mediating mechanisms between evolution and phobias

Abstract The evolutionary origin of phobias is strongly supported by behavioral genetics and monkey vicarious conditioning data. Prepared Pavlovian conditioning may be only one of the mechanisms mediating the evolutionarily determined outcome in phobias, avoidance. Davey's alternative biased expectancy hypothesis has merit in accounting for some aspects of laboratory data, but it is insufficient to explain the unconscious origin of phobic fear.
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity Eating Late in the Evening Is Associated with Childhood Obesity in Some Age Groups but Not in All Children: the Relationship between Time of Consumption and Body Weight Status in U.s. Children

Background: Some studies in adults indicate a positive correlation between eating later in the day and overall energy intake as well as body weight status. Thus, the time of food intake may be a risk factor in childhood obesity. This study was designed to describe the proportion of energy consumed in the time from 4 pm to midnight measured in two-hour increments and to determine a potential association between the time of proportion of energy consumed and body weight status.
Source Language Categorization for improving a Speech into Sign Language Translation System

This paper describes a categorization module for improving the performance of a Spanish into Spanish Sign Language (LSE) translation system. This categorization module replaces Spanish words with associated tags. When implementing this module, several alternatives for dealing with non-relevant words have been studied. Non-relevant words are Spanish words not relevant in the translation process. The categorization module has been incorporated into a phrase-based system and a Statistical Finite State Transducer (SFST). The evaluation results reveal that the BLEU has increased from 69.11% to 78.79% for the phrase-based system and from 69.84% to 75.59% for the SFST.
PI3K/Akt pathway restricts epithelial adhesion of Dr + Escherichia coli by down-regulating the expression of decay accelerating factor

The urogenital microbial infection in pregnancy is an important cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains which express Dr fimbriae (Dr+) are associated with unique gestational virulence and they utilize cell surface decay accelerating factor (DAF or CD55) as one of the cellular receptor before invading the epithelial cells. Previous studies in our laboratory established that nitric oxide reduces the rate of E. coli invasion by delocalizing the DAF protein from cell surface lipid rafts and down-regulating its expression. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) cell signal pathway plays an important role in host-microbe interaction because many bacteria including E. coli activate this pathway in order to establish infection. In the present study, we showed that the PI3K/Akt pathway negatively regulated the expression of DAF on the epithelial cell surface and thus inhibited the adhesion of Dr+ E. coli to epithelial cells. Initially, using two human cell lines Ishikawa and HeLa which differ in constitutive activity of PI3K/Akt, we showed that DAF levels were associated with the PI3K/Akt pathway. We then showed that the DAF gene expression was up-regulated and the Dr+ E. coli adhesion increased after the suppression of PI3K/Akt pathway in Ishikawa cells using inhibitor LY294002, and a plasmid which allowed the expression of PI3K/Akt regulatory protein PTEN. The down-regulation of PTEN protein using PTEN-specific siRNA activated the PI3K/Akt pathway, down-regulated the DAF, and decreased the adhesion of Dr+ E. coli. We conclude that the PI3K/Akt pathway regulated the DAF expression in a nitric oxide independent manner.
Yeast Rio1p is the founding member of a novel subfamily of protein serine kinases involved in the control of cell cycle progression

Rio1p was identified as a protein serine kinase founding a novel subfamily. It is highly conserved from Archaea to man and only distantly related to previously established protein kinase families. Nevertheless, analysis of multiple protein sequence alignments shows that those amino acid residues that are important for either structure or catalytic activity in conventional protein kinases are also conserved in members of the Rio1p family at the respective positions (corresponding to domains I–XI of protein kinases). Recombinant Rio1p from Escherichia coli and tagged Rio1p from yeast has kinase activity in vitro, and mutation of amino acid residues that are conserved and indispensable for catalytic activity (i.e. ATP‐binding motif, catalytic centre) abrogates activity. RIO1 is essential in yeast and plays a role in cell cycle progression. After sporulation of RIO1/rio1 diploids, RIO1‐disrupted progeny cease growth after one to three cell divisions and arrest as either large unbudded or large‐budded cells. Cells deprived of Rio1p are enlarged and arrest either in G1 or in mitosis mainly with the DNA at the bud neck and short spindles (a phenotype also seen in cells carrying a weak allele), suggesting that Rio1p activity is required for at least at two steps during the cell division cycle: for entrance into S phase and for exit from mitosis. The weak RIO1 allele leads to increased plasmid loss.