Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
QZ-decomposition for matrix-free sweep with high order DG-FEM

This work deals with the acceleration of the transport sweep for a discrete ordinates formulation of the neutron transport equation. In particular, we focus on accelerating a matrix-free version of the algorithm. The algorithmic complexity of a naive version of the transport sweep is studied, and a preprocessing technique based on a QZ-decomposion of the matrices composing the sweep is proposed. This technique is not purely matrix free, but we will see that the memory requirements for this approach is negligible in comparison with a full inversion of the streaming operator. The proposed technique is tailored for high order Finite Element Method on regular Cartesian meshes, where the local problems are dense matrices of small size, but with minor modification it can be extended to regular triangular meshes and for non-matching grids with isotropic refinements. The extension to more general geometries requires simultaneous triangularization of more than two matrices at once. The performance of the proposed acceleration is analysed in algorithmic complexity with respect to the number of iterations, and then it is used to predict the required CPU-time to solve the problem. These predictions are tested with at 2D pin-by-pin problem consisting of four assemblies, and the predictions show good agreement with the measured CPU-time for a range of polynomial degrees.
Combining inflammatory miRNA molecules as diagnostic biomarkers for depression: a clinical study

Background Inflammation has been implicated in core features of depression pathophysiology and treatment resistance. Therefore, new challenges in the discovery of inflammatory mediators implicated in depression have emerged. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been found aberrantly expressed in several pathologies, increasing their potential as biomarkers and therapeutical targets. In this study, the aim was to assess the changes and biomarker potential of inflammation-related miRNAs in depression patients. Methods Depression diagnosis was performed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). 40 healthy controls and 32 depression patients were included in the study. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured in plasma, and expression levels of cytokines and inflammation-related miRNAs were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Results Depression patients were found to have a pro-inflammatory profile in plasma, with significantly higher levels of TNF-α and CCL2 compared with controls. In PBMCs of depression patients, TNF-α and IL-6 expression levels were significantly up and downregulated, respectively. Moreover, miR-342 levels were found upregulated, while miR-146a and miR-155 were significantly downregulated. miR-342 expression levels were positively correlated with TNF-α. Importantly, when analyzed as a diagnostic panel, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis of miR-342, miR-146a, miR-155 in combination, showed to be highly specific and sensitive in distinguishing between depression patients and healthy controls. Conclusion In summary, these findings suggest that inflammation-related miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in depression patients. Moreover, we show evidences on the potential of the combination of dysregulated miRNAs as a powerful diagnostic tool for depression.
Biomechanical Analysis of Palateless Splinted and Unsplinted Maxillary Implant-Supported Overdentures: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis

The objective of this study was to compare the distribution of stress in the maxillary bone, dental implants, and prosthetic components supporting implant-supported maxillary overdentures with partial palatal coverage, in both splinted and unsplinted designs. Two models of maxillary overdentures were designed using the Exocad Dental CAD program, which included cancellous and cortical bone. The complete denture design and abutments (locator abutments in the unsplinted and Hader bar with Vertix attachments placed distally in the splinted variant) were also designed. The denture material was PEEK (Polyetheretherketone), and the method used to analyze patient-specific 3D X-ray scans was 3D QCT/FEA (three-dimensional quantitative computed tomography-based finite element analysis). Loading was divided into three load cases, in the frontal region (both incisors of the denture) and distal region (both molars and first premolar of the denture). The forces applied were 150 N with an oblique component with a buccal inclination of 35° in the frontal region, and 600 N with a buccal inclination of 5° (molars) or solely vertical (premolar) in the distal region. The model with locator abutments showed higher stresses in all load cases in both analyzed implant variants and in the maxilla. The differences in stress distribution between the splinted and unsplinted variants were more significant in the distal region. According to the results of the present study, the amount of stress in bone tissue and dental implant parts was smaller in the splinted, bar-retained variant. The findings of this study can be useful in selecting the appropriate prosthetic design for implant-supported maxillary overdentures with partial palatal coverage.
Study of proton- and deuteron-induced spallation reactions on the long-lived fission product 93Zr at 105 MeV/nucleon in inverse kinematics

93 Zr have been studied in order to provide basic data necessary for nuclear waste transmutation. Isotopic-production cross sections via proton- and deuteron-induced spallation reactions on 93 Zr at 105 MeV/nucleon were measured in inverse kinematics at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. Remarkable jumps in isotopic production originating from the neutron magic number N = 50 were observed in Zr and Y isotopes. The experimental results were compared to the PHITS calculations considering both the intranuclear cascade and evaporation processes, and the calculations greatly overestimated the measured production yield, corresponding to few-nucleon-removal reactions. The present data suggest that the spallation reaction is a potential candidate for the treatment of 93 Zr in spent nuclear fuel.
Analyzing the Sharia Cooperatives Efficiency in Aceh Province, Indonesia

This study analyzes the efficiency level and the factors that influence the efficiency of Sharia cooperatives in 16 districts/cities in the Aceh province during the 2020-2022 period. The Data Envelopment Analysis method uses input, namely business capital and Islamic cooperatives' assets and Sharia cooperative operations' remaining annual income as the output. The findings show that Sharia cooperatives in Aceh Province are not fully efficient. Several things can influence the efficiency level of Sharia cooperatives. One is that every Sharia cooperative unit in Aceh Province has not recorded reports properly and correctly. It is because Sharia cooperatives in Aceh Province are still relatively new. Therefore, it is necessary to increase efficiency in using good inputs and outputs to produce the efficiency of Sharia cooperatives in Aceh Province.
The Impacts of Sand Mining on Water Quality: A South African Perspective

: Sand mining is a common practice in many rivers and flood plains in South Africa. As a result of population growth, economic development, and infrastructural development, the demand of sand continues to rise. The aim of this study was to determine how sand mining affects water quality. The impact of sand mining on water quality was determined by comparing turbidity, pH, electrical conductivity, and temperature in three sampling sites (upstream, adjacent, and downstream). In addition, we determined if sand extracted using the manual method affects the four water parameters the same way they are affected by the tractor-loader-backhoe. These water parameters were measured in five rivers in the Eastern Cape Province (Tsembeyi, Thina, Gaduka, Somerville, and Nomhala). The results showed that sand mining affects turbidity, with greater turbidity in the adjacent sampling sites that the upstream sampling sites. The variation in turbidity can be due to sand extract suspending solid particles in the water column. On the other hand, pH values in adjacent sampling sites increased noticeably. The results revealed that the sand extraction method affects electrical conductivity, with higher electrical conductivity when using the mechanical (tractor-loader-backhoe) method than the manual method. The difference in electrical conductivity can be explained by the fact that generally turbidity and electrical conductivity have a positive correlation. Even though other water parameters such as temperature and pH were not affected by sand mining, results showed that sand mining affects water quality in terms of turbidity and electrical conductivity.
Systèmes différentiels à coefficients constants

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Ethics as part of mathematical reasoning in sharing

There is a greater need in today‘s society, to understand and critically discuss how the limited resources of our planet are allocated. Often, mathematical models are used in connection with resource allocation problems, and a common view is that mathematics in itself is neutral. In this article, we challenge this view of mathematics as a neutral practice through an analysis of possible solutions to a sharing task. The tasks come from a research project aiming to study how mathematics can support ethical reasoning and ethical arguments can support different mathematical solutions when sharing a resource. In ethical reasoning, three components are addressed: Information, Coherence, and Engagement. We show that ethical reasoning is part of mathematical reasoning in all the solutions to the task, independent of whether the dividend is treated as indivisible or divisible.
Metasurface-based anti-reflection coatings at optical frequencies

In this manuscript, we propose a metasurface approach for the reduction of electromagnetic reflection from an arbitrary air−dielectric interface. The proposed technique exploits the exotic optical response of plasmonic nanoparticles to achieve complete cancellation of the field reflected by a dielectric substrate by means of destructive interference. Differently from other, earlier anti-reflection approaches based on nanoparticles, our design scheme is supported by a simple transmission-line formulation that allows a closed-form characterization of the anti-reflection performance of a nanoparticle array. Furthermore, since the working principle of the proposed devices relies on an average effect that does not critically depend on the array geometry, our approach enables low-cost production and easy scalability to large sizes. Our theoretical considerations are supported by full-wave simulations confirming the effectiveness of this design principle.
Unsteady numerical investigation of two different corrugated airfoils

An unsteady, two-dimensional numerical study was conducted to investigate the aerodynamic and flow characteristics of two bio-inspired corrugated airfoils at Re = 14,000 and compared with those of a smooth NACA0010 airfoil. Mean aerodynamic results reveal that the corrugated airfoils have better lift performance compared to the NACA0010 airfoil but incur slightly higher drag penalty. Mean flow streamlines indicate that this favourable performance is due to the ability of the corrugated airfoils in mitigating large-scale flow separations and stall. Unsteady flow field results show persistent formations of small recirculating vortices that remain within the corrugations at 10° angle-of-attack or less for one of the corrugated airfoil and below 15° for the other. In contrast, the flow behaviour can be highly turbulent with regular pairings of large-scale flow separation vortices along the upper surface at higher angles-of-attack. This not only disrupts the small recirculating vortices and causes them to detach from the corrugated surfaces, but it gets increasingly dominant at higher angles-of-attack resulting in regular lift and drag oscillations. At the end of each cycle, there is a sudden ejection of flow perpendicular to the airfoil surface and these disruptions manifest themselves as “kinks” in the instantaneous lift and drag of the corrugated airfoils. Therefore instead of regular fluctuations, the lift and drag curves have additional undulations. Despite that, the corrugations are able to produce larger pressure differentials between the upper and lower surfaces than the smooth airfoil. The current study demonstrates the intricate relationships between different sharp surface corrugations and favourable aerodynamic performance. In particular, results from this paper supports earlier investigations that corrugated airfoils may be used to good effects even at low Reynolds numbers, where flow separations are more likely.
Wheatgrass-and-Aronia-Mixed Extract Suppresses Immunoglobulin E-Mediated Allergic Reactions In Vitro and In Vivo

Mast cells are an important component of immune responses. Immunoglobulin (Ig) E-sensitized mast cells release substances within minutes of allergen exposure, triggering allergic responses. Until now, numerous pharmacological effects of wheatgrass and aronia have been verified, but the effects of wheatgrass and aronia (TAAR)-mixed extract on allergic reactions have not been identified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to demonstrate the anti-allergic effect of TAAR extract on mast cell activation and cutaneous anaphylaxis. In this study, we investigated the anti-allergic effects and related mechanisms of TAAR extract in IgE-activated mast cells in vitro. We also assessed the ameliorating effect of TAAR extract on IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis mice in vivo. The TAAR extract significantly reduced the expression of β-hexosaminidase, histamine, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are mediators related to mast cell degranulation, via the regulation of various signaling pathways. The TAAR extract also regulated oxidative-stress-related factors through the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Additionally, treatment of TAAR extract to the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis mouse model improved ear thickness and local ear pigmentation. Taken together, our results suggest that TAAR extract is a potential candidate natural product to treat overall IgE-mediated allergic inflammation and oxidative-stress-related diseases by suppressing mast cell activity.
Novel methodologies for data quality management Anomaly detection in the Portuguese central credit register 1

Since 2018, with the launch of the new Central Credit Register (CCR) covering, on a loan-by-loan basis, all loans to legal and natural persons and the corresponding credit risk, the granularity and volume of data collected by Banco de Portugal in this context have increased tremendously. The CCR receives roughly 20 million highly granular records every month, spread across more than 200 attributes, corresponding to individual instruments. The collection of such granular data has led to new challenges concerning data quality management (DQM), in particular how to detect in an efficient and effective way possible outliers in particular instruments or in a specific attribute of a particular instrument. Due to the complexity of the CCR database, a single model would likely be unable to detect the majority of potentially anomalous data. In this paper, we will showcase the implementation of a set of methodologies which seek to cover as much potentially anomalous data as possible. The starting point of this process was the exploration of the Isolation Forest algorithm, which is based upon random forests and specifically designed for anomaly detection in large data sets. Afterwards, we have developed additional methodologies which complement this algorithm. Finally, we have implemented a Power BI dashboard where the results are presented, taking advantage of its visuals. This approach has allowed for the integration of all the different outputs from the DQM processes, and it notoriously increased the usability of results by the analysts.
Ornithology Alpha-globin variation does not predict avian malaria infection in the West Indian Bananaquit ( Coereba flaveola )

Infection by lineages of avian malaria parasites (Apicomplexa: Haemosporida) varies geographically, and some lineages exhibit disjunct distributions. These patterns might be related to differential resistance among host populations reflecting intrinsic characteristics of both the host and the pathogen. In hematophagous parasites in particular, the structure of host hemoglobin can influence parasite development and reproduction. Though variation in avian hemoglobin has been documented across altitudinal gradients, little is known about hemoglobin variation as it relates to infection by the parasites causing avian malaria. We sequenced the α A -globin subunit of the Bananaquit ( Coereba flaveola ), and related sequence variation to avian malaria infection frequency and parasite lineage identity. We found no association between α A -globin haplotype and infection by particular parasite lineages among all locations, nor any protective association between globin haplotype frequency and the proportion of individuals infected within populations. Phylogeographic structure and genetic variation at the α A -globin locus, including a highly variable intron, is largely concordant with the mitochondrial cytochrome b locus for these same populations, supporting this marker as an independent and variable target with potential application in biogeographic analyses.
Improving Cancer Classification With Domain Adaptation Techniques

Improving Cancer Classification with domain adaptation techniques Background: As the quantity and complexity of oncological data continue to increase, machine learning (ML) has become an important tool in helping clinicians better understand malignancies and provide personalized care. Diagnostic image analysis, in particular, has benefited from the advent of ML methods to improve image classification and generate prognostic information from imaging collected in routine clinical practice . Deep learning, a subset of ML, has especially achieved remarkable performance in medical imaging, including segmentation [4, , object detection, classification [6], and diagnosis . Despite the notable success of deep learning computer vision models on oncologic imaging data, recent studies have identified notable weaknesses in deep learning models used on diagnostic images. Specifically, deep learning models have difficulty generalizing to data that was not well represented during training. One potential solution is the use of domain adaptation (DA) techniques, which improve the generalizability of a deep learning model trained on one domain to better generalize to data of a target domain. Techniques: In this study, we explain the efficacy of four common DA techniques – MMD, CORAL, iDANN, and AdaBN used on deep learning models trained on common diagnostic imaging modalities in oncology. We used two datasets of mammographic imaging and CT scans to test the prediction accuracy of models using each of these DA techniques and compared them to the performance of transfer learning. Results: In the mammographic imaging data, MMD, CORAL, and iDANN increased the target test accuracy for all four domains. MMD increased target accuracies by 3.6 45%, CORAL by 448%, and iDANN by 1.5-49.4%. For the CT scan dataset, MMD, CORAL, and iDANN increased the target test accuracy for all domains. MMD increased the target accuracy by 2.0 – 13.9%, CORAL by 2.4 15.8%, and iDANN by 2.0 – 11.1%. in both the mammographic imaging data and the CT scans, AdaBN performed worse or comparably to transfer learning. Conclusion: We found that DA techniques significantly improve model performance and generalizability. These findings suggest that there’s potential to further study how multiple DA techniques can work together and that these can potentially help us create more robust, generalizable models.
22 Augmented intuition Encoding ideas, matter, and why it matters

Artifcial intelligence (AI) promises to support the production of architecture along the entire process chain. A common challenge of both computational design and AI is the question of encoding . How can a design idea be formalized? How can design problems and ideas be modeled so computers can process them? What is the minimum number of parameters needed for maximum freedom in design? Can these parameters be dimensions of a feature vector? What concepts of AI can address the challenges of generating and evaluating solutions? This challenge is present in various phases within a digital design to fabrication routine: starting with the frst design sketches and ending with the robotic fabrication. Each of the steps requires diferent approaches to encoding. When successful, AI can become an active partner in the creative part of the design and allow for a new kind of intuitive fabrication. This chapter discusses the meaning of intuition, creativity, and intelligence in the context of architecture and how information technology can potentially support designers and augment their intuition. It starts with looking at how technology has been employed to support the design process throughout history, even before computers were invented. The general introduction
Invariances of random elds paths, with applications in

We study pathwise invariances of centred random elds that can be controlled through the covariance. A result involving composition operators is obtained in second-order settings, and we show that various path properties including additivity boil down to invariances of the covariance kernel. These results are extended to a broader class of operators in the Gaussian case, via the Lo eve isometry. Several covariance-driven pathwise invariances are illustrated, including elds with symmetric paths, centred paths, har
Morphometric changes in two Late Cretaceous calcareous 1 nannofossil lineages support diversification fueled by long-2 term coolingclimate change

19 Morphometric changes have been investigated in the two groups of calcareous nannofossils 20 species, Cribrosphaerella ehrenbergii and Microrhabdulus undosus across the Campanian 21 to Maastrichtian of Iran. Results reveal a common episode of size increase at c. 76 Ma, with 22 a sudden shift increase in size of C. ehrenbergii toward larger specimens and with the 23 emergence of the a newly defined, larger species Microrhabdulus sp. nov.1 zagrosensis 24 n.sp. An even larger species emerges at c. 69 Ma within the Microrhabdulus lineage, 25 Microrhabdulus sp. nov.2. sinuosus The timing of these size changes and origination events 26 matches global changes in nannoplankton diversity and/or in diversity of other planktonic 27 organisms and cephalopodsmarine invertebrates. Comparison with long-term global 28 climate change supports that these two distinct episodes of morphological change coincide 29 respectively with the late Campanian carbon isotope event and acceleration of cooling and 30 with climatic instability across the mid-Maastrichtian event. new biometric and 31 evolutionary events represent an excellent illustration of Late Cretaceous global rise in 32 nannoplankton diversity and size, being associated with climatic cooling and/or climatic 33 instability, following an analog of both Cope’s and Bergmann’s rules. 34