Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brain activation patterns in schizophrenic and comparison volunteers during a matched-performance auditory recognition task.

OBJECTIVE The biological characteristics of schizophrenia are often studied by using functional imaging techniques. However, since volunteers with schizophrenia routinely fail to perform as accurately or as quickly as healthy volunteers, it is difficult to ascertain whether a particular deficit in blood flow to a brain region is due to behavior or to the underlying illness. In this report, investigators used an auditory recognition task to assess brain blood flow patterns and behavioral correlates of schizophrenic patient volunteers trained on the task. METHOD Twelve healthy volunteers and 18 volunteers with schizophrenia were trained to make tone frequency recognitions. Accuracy and stimuli were matched between groups. Participants were required to press a button to indicate whether a briefly presented tone was the high-frequency (1500 Hz) reference tone or one of a lower frequency level (level chosen to elicit an 80% accuracy score). Subjects underwent bolus [(15)O]H(2)O blood flow positron emission tomography during inactive rest, a sensory motor control condition, and the decision task. Blood flow patterns were assessed between conditions and between groups. RESULTS As a group, the patients with schizophrenia (who performed as quickly and accurately as the comparison subjects) exhibited significantly less change in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) to the anterior cingulate and supplementary motor cortices when switching from the sensory motor control to the decision condition. There were also marked between-group differences in correlations between rCBF and response time. Whereas the comparison subjects exhibited progressively greater blood flow to the frontal cortex in association with longer response times, the schizophrenic patients exhibited progressively lower blood flow in conjunction with extended response times. CONCLUSIONS The failure to appropriately enhance cingulate activity when engaged in a demanding task and the progressive, time-dependent decline in frontal blood flow suggest that patients with schizophrenia are unable to make optimal use of frontocingulate systems when maximally engaged in high-error tasks.
Passage of inhaled particles into the blood circulation in humans.

To the Editor: It is clear from Figure 2 in the article by Nemmar et al1 that their aerosol contained a high level of a species somewhere between Technegas and Pertechnegas. Technegas generation demands a 100% inert atmosphere to work properly. Even minute traces of oxygen will begin to create a mixed oxide species. Machines that are not fully serviced at regular intervals can trap sufficient oxygen in the carbon deposited on the chamber walls, for example, to generate Pertechnegas. The immediate clinical sign is thyroid uptake in the images. This alone is often the first reason to call in a service engineer. There should be no visible thyroid on a study done using a properly functioning machine. Even the original discovery of Pertechnegas arose out of a wrongly filled argon cylinder. A curious alumina micro-aerosol within gas cylinders made of aluminum was implicated in a whole series of inadvertent Pertechnegas studies generated from …
Cisplatin and UV radiation induce activation of the stress-activated protein kinase p38gamma in human melanoma cells.

The p38 alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase has been implicated in the cellular response to genotoxic agents. Here we show that another p38 family member is also activated in response to cisplatin exposure in human melanoma cells. We identified this isoform as p38gamma based on its recognition by specific antibodies and because, in contrast to p38alpha, its activity was not affected by SB203580. We also found that etoposide caused a much more discrete phosphorylation of both p38alpha and p38gamma than either cisplatin or UV treatment. These results indicate that genotoxic stresses activate several p38 isoforms whose implication in the cellular response might depend on the type of DNA damage.
Recent advances in physiological lipoprotein metabolism

Abstract Research into lipoprotein metabolism has developed because understanding lipoprotein metabolism has important clinical indications. Lipoproteins are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Recent advances include the identification of factors in the synthesis and secretion of triglyceride rich lipoproteins, chylomicrons (CM) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). These included the identification of microsomal transfer protein, the cotranslational targeting of apoproteinB (apoB) for degradation regulated by the availability of lipids, and the characterization of transport vesicles transporting primordial apoB containing particles to the Golgi. The lipase maturation factor 1, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high density lipoprotein binding protein 1 and an angiopoietin-like protein play a role in lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-mediated hydrolysis of secreted CMs and VLDL so that the right amount of fatty acid is delivered to the right tissue at the right time. Expression of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor is regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has a pivotal role in the degradation of LDL receptor. Plasma remnant lipoproteins bind to specific receptors in the liver, the LDL receptor, VLDL receptor and LDL receptor-like proteins prior to removal from the plasma. Reverse cholesterol transport occurs when lipid free apoAI recruits cholesterol and phospholipid to assemble high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. The discovery of ABC transporters (ABCA1 and ABCG1) and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) provided further information on the biogenesis of HDL. In humans HDL-cholesterol can be returned to the liver either by direct uptake by SR-BI or through cholesteryl ester transfer protein exchange of cholesteryl ester for triglycerides in apoB lipoproteins, followed by hepatic uptake of apoB containing particles. Cholesterol content in cells is regulated by several transcription factors, including the liver X receptor and sterol regulatory element binding protein. This review summarizes recent advances in knowledge of the molecular mechanisms regulating lipoprotein metabolism.
Suboccipital Extraspinal Extracranial Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor

494 Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice ¦ Volume 8 ¦ Issue 3 ¦ July-September 2017 region. Erosion of the squamous occipital bone left occipital condyle, left half of arch of the atlas, and involvement of left atlanto-occipital joint. Gross total excision was performed. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery and relief of the cervical pain. The histopathology and immunohistochemistry clinched the final diagnosis of ATRT. Interestingly, the tumor retained INI1 positivity [Figure 2]. The patient was then subjected to postoperative radiotherapy and continues to receive the same till the last follow-up.
Using the receiver operating characteristic to asses the performance of neural classifiers

As artificial neural networks continue to find usefulness in fields which historically favor more traditional statistical methods, the neural practitioner inevitably learns of useful techniques well known to statisticians which have yet to find widespread use in the field of neural networks. One such method, commonly used in medical screening and diagnosis, is receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. ROC analysis is easily applied to a neural classifier, yet today is rarely used to assess the performance of neural classifiers outside of the medical and signal detection fields. We show how ROC analysis can be applied to neural network classifiers and demonstrate its usefulness by applying it to the diagnosis of psychiatric illness. Benefits of ROC analysis include a more robust description of the network's predictive ability and a convenient way to "tune" an already trained network according to differential costs of misclassification and varying prior probabilities of class occurrences.
Security analysis of an attractive online authentication standard: FIDO UAF protocol

FIDO (Fast IDentity Online) Alliance proposed a set of standard in 2014 for change the nature of online authentication. By now, it has drawn attention from many companies, including Google, VISA, Intel etc. In this paper, we analyze the FIDO UAF (Universal Authentication Framework) Protocol, one of the two sets of specifications in the standard. We first present protocol's cryptographic abstractions for the registration and authentication protocols of the FIDO UAF. According to the abstractions, we discuss on selected security goals presented in the standard to study UAF security properties. We also propose three attacks, which the first two are based on an assumption that an attacker can corrupt the software installed on the user device, and the third is based on two users sharing a FIDO roaming authenticator. The results of the attacks are to impersonate the legitimate user to pass the online authentication.
Inverted metamorphic solar cell with bypass diode

The present invention discloses a method comprising a semiconductor multijunction solar cell structure is formed, the multijunction solar cell having a top subcell and the middle subcell bottom subcell, said method comprising: providing for the epitaxial growth of semiconductor material a first substrate; forming on said substrate a first solar subcell, the first solar subcell having a first band gap energy; forming a second solar subcell over said first subcell, said second two solar subcell having a second energy smaller than the first energy band gap; and the graded interlayer is formed on the second subcell, the graded interlayer having a second energy bandgap greater than said third energy bandgap; forming a third solar subcell, said third solar subcell having a second band gap smaller than said fourth band gap such that said third subcell with respect to said second subcell lattice lost pair. Bypass diode is further provided in the semiconductor structure, wherein the region of the first polarity and second polarity of the solar cell area of ​​the bypass diode connected.
Organization of sensory cortex in a Madagascan insectivore, the tenrec (Echinops telfairi)

We identified subdivisions of somatosensory cortex, and the borders and extents of auditory and visual cortex in Madagascan tenrecs (Echinops telfairi) by using microelectrode recording techniques and cortical myeloarchitecture. There was evidence for three distinct somatosensory fields. The primary somatosensory area (S1) contained an orderly representation of the contralateral body surface that stained darkly for myelin. Neurons were activated by light touch, and receptive fields were often small, especially for the snout. Immediately rostral to S1, a lightly myelinated rostral field (R) also contained a representation of the contralateral body, although the internal topography was not fully determined. Neurons in R responded to manipulations of body parts and tissue displacements. A small, moderately myelinated area lateral to S1 was termed PV/S2 because it possessed features that were similar to both the parietal ventral area (PV) and the second somatosensory area (S2) in other mammals. Neurons in PV/S2 responded to light tactile stimulation. A densely myelinated oval of cortex caudal to PV/S2, the auditory area (A), contained neurons that responded to clicks, and the densely myelinated caudomedial visual area (V) contained neurons that were activated by stimulation of one or both eyes. Some characteristics of V were similar to the primary visual area (V1) described in other mammals. A visual area located in rostromedial cortex (RV) contained neurons that were highly responsive to visual stimulation. Area RV may be a specialization of tenrecs or an elaboration of a visuomotor field that has been retained in most extant mammals. The results support the view that most of the neocortex of primitive mammals was composed of a few sensory areas. J. Comp. Neurol. 379:399–414, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Citizen Journalism and Cyberactivism in China's Anti-PX Plant in Xiamen, 2007–2009

Using the case of the Xiamen anti-paraxylene (PX) plant movement, this article investigates the evolving phenomenon of citizen journalism with Chinese characteristics in the information age, with a focus on ICT-empowered environmental activism and the implications of citizen journalists on China’s sociopolitical development. It is argued that enhanced public participation and environmental rights defences are developing effectively in China. The increase in alternative information available online through internet-mediated bloggers as well as citizen journalists is posing a formidable challenge to both the Communist Party of China’s propaganda-filled media environment and its effective governance. Furthermore, the net’s sociopolitical impact in China will be shaped and determined less by the intrinsic nature of the internet itself than by the underlying political dynamics of public opinion, civil participation, citizen journalism and cyber-activism.
Static output feedback stabilization with H/sub /spl infin// performance for linear discrete-time systems

This note presents a new sufficient condition for the static output feedback stabilization of linear discrete-time systems. This new condition is expressed as a linear matrix inequality feasibility problem and hence easily tractable numerically. An extension of this condition is given in order to incorporate H/sub /spl infin// performance objectives. The applicability of the proposed approach is shown through numerical examples and compared to some recent methods.
Formal Verification

These lectures are intended to give a broad overview of the most important formal verification techniques. These methods are applicable to hardware, software, protocols etc. and even to checking proofs in pure mathematics, though I will emphasize the applications to verification. Since other lecturers will cover some of the topics in more detail (in particular model checking), my lectures will cover mainly the material on deductive theorem proving, which in any case is my special area of interest. The arrangement of material in these notes is roughly in order of logical complexity, starting with methods for propositional logic and leading up to general theorem proving, then finishing with a description of my own theorem proving program ‘HOL Light’ and an extended case study on the verification of a floating-point square root algorithm used by Intel. 1. Propositional logic 2. Symbolic simulation 3. Model checking 4. Automated theorem proving 5. Arithmetical theories 6. Interactive theorem proving 7. HOL Light 8. Case study of floating-point verification The treatment of the various topics is quite superficial, with the aim being overall perspective rather than in-depth understanding. The last lecture is somewhat more detailed and should give a good feel for the realities of formal verification in this field. My book on theorem proving (Harrison 2009) covers many of these topics in more depth, together with simple-minded example code (written in Objective Caml) implementing the various techniques. http://www.cl. cam.ac. uk/ ̃jrh13/atp/index.html Other useful references for the material here are (Bradley and Manna 2007; Clarke, Grumberg, and Peled 1999; Kroening and Strichman 2008; Kropf 1999; MacKenzie 2001; Peled 2001).
Allele-specific change of concentration and functional gene dose for the prediction of steady-state serum concentrations of amitriptyline and nortriptyline in CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 extensive and intermediate metabolizers.

BACKGROUND Recently, new polymorphisms were described in connection with intermediate and ultrarapid CYP2D6 metabolism. These may allow a much desired prediction of metabolic activity within the extensive metabolizer group. The functional consequences are still being discussed with few data available for clinical patients. METHODS We conducted a prospective, blinded two-center study seeking correlations between CYP2C19 (*2,*3, and *4; conventional PCR) and CYP2D6 genotypes (*1 to *10, *35, and *41; real-time and multiplex PCR) and drug concentrations (Emit and HPLC) in 50 Caucasians receiving amitriptyline (AT; 75 mg twice a day). RESULTS Eighteen CYP2C19 heterozygotes (*1/*2) had higher AT (P = 0.033) and lower nortriptyline (NT; P = 0.059) concentrations than 30 homozygotes (*1/*1). For CYP2D6, we calculated two new indices, i.e., the allele-specific change of concentration on identical background (ASCOC) and a quantitative functional gene dose. The ASCOC describes the change in NT concentration attributable to a mutant allele compared with the wild type. We found significantly higher concentrations for alleles *4 (95.6%; P <0.0001), *10 (63.3%; P <0.001), and *41 (39.8%; P <0.0001) but not for *2 and *35. Assigning of semiquantitative gene doses of 0, 0.5, or 1 to each allele instead of applying the current classification system (predicted phenotypes: 3 intermediate metabolizers, 46 extensive metabolizers, and 1 ultrarapid metabolizer) produced significant NT concentration differences: gene doses of 0.5 (n =3), 1 (n = 14), 1.5 (n = 11), 2 (n = 21) and 3 (n = 1; P <0.00001). CONCLUSIONS AT and NT concentrations can be predicted within the group of CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers. The ASCOC provides substantial advantages compared with current methods of analysis. CYP2D6 but not CYP2C19 correlates with the sum of both concentrations used to guide AT therapy.
Homeostatic maintenance of pathogen‐containing vacuoles requires TBK1‐dependent regulation of aquaporin‐1

Membranes are an integral component of many cellular functions and serve as a barrier to keep pathogenic bacteria from entering the nutrient‐rich host cytosol. TANK‐binding‐kinase‐1 (TBK1), a kinase of the IκB kinase family, is required for maintaining integrity of pathogen‐containing vacuoles (PCV) upon bacterial invasion of host cells. Here we investigate how vacuolar integrity is maintained during bacterial infection, even in the presence of bacterial membrane damaging agents. We found that Aquaporin‐1 (AQP1), a water channel that regulates swelling of secretory vesicles, associated with PCV. AQP1 levels were elevated in TBK1‐deficient cells, and overexpression of AQP1 in wild‐type cells led to PCV destabilization, similar to that observed in tbk1−/− cells. Inhibition of physiological levels of AQP1 in multiple cell types also led to increased instability of PCV, demonstrating a need for tightly regulated AQP1 function to maintain vacuole homeostasis during bacterial infection. AQP1‐dependent modulation of PCV was triggered by bacterially induced membrane damage and ion flux. These results highlight the contribution of water channels to promoting PCV membrane integrity, and reveal an unexpected role for TBK1 and AQP1 in restricting bacterial pathogens to the vacuolar compartment.
Multifeatured visualization and navigation in tele-operation of mobile robots

Recently, the expectation to tele-operated mobile robots has been increasing much in order to perform the monitoring in various scenes. However, there are many critical problems in tele-operated system. Especially, we must improve the restriction of visual range, the usability of human interface, and intention sharing with the operator. In this paper, we discuss the monitoring system of a tele-operated robot and human interface based on visual information and distance information from the tele-operated mobile robots. Next, we propose a method of a navigation system based on multi-featured visualization. Finally, we propose a tele-operated system using iPhone, and show several experimental results of the proposed method.
PHAGOCYTIN: A BACTERICIDAL SUBSTANCE FROM POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUCOCYTES

A technique has been developed for collecting large numbers of polymorphonuclear leucocytes from peritoneal exudates in rabbits. These cells are obtained essentially free from other cell types and from debris. When microphages so procured are disrupted by physical methods and extracted with aqueous salt solutions, the soluble fraction manifests striking bactericidal activity, especially on Gram-negative enteric bacilli. The susceptible microorganisms are not lysed. This bactericidal substance, which has been called phagocytin, appears to be limited in distribution mainly to the polymorphonuclear leucocyte. No phagocytin is present in extracts of rabbit heart, kidney, or skeletal muscle, and rabbit liver and spleen contain much less than do packed leucocytes. Extracts of human and of guinea pig microphages show less bactericidal activity than rabbit cell preparations. Similar extracts of rat and mouse polymorphonuclear leucocytes contain no demonstrable phagocytin. As indicated by its behavior on dialysis, on exposure to proteolytic enzymes, and on salt fractionation, phagocytin appears to be a protein with general properties characteristic of a globulin. It is clearly different from lysozyme and from properdin. Although phagocytin is reasonably stable at temperatures of 65°C. and lower for several hours, solutions of it gradually lose bactericidal activity on standing for prolonged periods at 4°C. This instability, and also the ease with which phagocytin is inactivated, presumably by adsorption, on exposure to a variety of materials, have thus far rendered fruitless efforts to isolate it.
DELAY-DEPENDENT STABILITY CRITERIA FOR STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL DELAY EQUATIONS WITH MARKOVIAN SWITCHING

Recently Mao et al. (18) established a number of useful stability criteria in terms of M-matrices for nonlinear stochastic differential delay equations with Markovian switching, and the criteria there are independent of time delay. Such criteria are in general good for large delay but might not be good enough for small delay. When the time lag is sufficiently small, it is useful to obtain delay-dependent stability criteria and this is the aim of this paper.