Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning to be adaptive as a distributed process across the coach–athlete system: situating the coach in the constraints-led approach

ABSTRACT Background: The constraints-led approach was first proposed to capture how movement solutions are shaped and organised without being prescribed. It has since been extended as a suitable framework for informing coaching practice. The contemporary view of the role of the coach in the constraints-led approach characterises them as a monitor and manipulator of constraints on the learner. In essence, the coach is a designer whose role is to shape constraints such that practice consistently improves the learner’s capabilities to perform in a range of different contexts. This objective reflects what the coach aims to establish with the learner – an increased capability to adapt to new circumstances, such as improved performance in a competition or better learning in a training camp. Even if constraints manipulation performed by a coach is not necessarily prescriptive, this viewpoint suggests the effective coach acts as a change agent, who, through constraint manipulation, can orchestrate the learning process. Arguably, the conceptualisation of the coach as a constraints manipulator, has typically been misinterpreted as meaning that they are relatively disengaged (and at worst absented) in the learning process where their primary role is the gate keeper to variability in constraints and behaviour. Aims: Our aim is to re-emphasise the role of the coach in the constraints-led approach by exploring the idea that the coach and the learner(s) together, situated in a learning environment, constitute a learning system. Here, the coach forms a co-adaptive relationship with the learner, making adjustments to constraints on practice based on emergent relation dependent information, where the learner and coach mutually constrain each other’s behaviour. In doing so, the coach and athlete form temporary couplings from which new information and opportunities for action, learning, and creative behaviours can form. An important consequence of this reconceptualisation is that emergent, adaptive, and creative actions are somehow distributed across the coach–athlete social system. Implications: It is neither the learner nor the coach, but, the processes shaping their interactions that should be at the heart of applying the constraints-led approach. For effective coaching, it is essential that the coach is tuned in to the learner’s current capabilities and skill level and adapts practice accordingly. In doing so, setting up constraints to interact in a manner informed by representative design facilitates opportunities to learn to adapt skills that can support performance and learning. Hence, representative task design is not only crucial for athletes’ learning, but for the coach’s learning as well.
Notice of RetractionResearch on two-dimensional irregular parts nesting with ant colony system

A solving method with ant colony system for irregular parts nesting was put forward. A method for an irregular part's graph coding and pretreatment was proposed. The proposed method converted the nesting problem into an orthogonal rectangular nesting problem by combining and filling algorithm. By use of remaining rectangle matching and orthogonal accessing algorithm, an automatic nesting system was realized. Finally, the solution result of ant colony algorithm and genetic algorithm are contrasted, and the experimental result has proven the feasibility and validity of ant colony system solution for irregular parts nesting problem.
Slow mixing of glauber dynamics via topological obstructions

Many local Markov chains based on Glauber dynamics are known to undergo a phase transition as a parameter λ of the system is varied. For independent sets on the 2-dimensional Cartesian lattice, the Gibbs distribution assigns each independent set a weight λ<sup>[<i>I</i>]</sup>, and the Markov chain adds or deletes a single vertex at each step, It is believed that there is a critical point λ<inf><i>c</i></inf> ≈ 3.79 such that for λ < λ<inf><i>c</i></inf>, local dynamics converge in polynomial time while for λ > λ<inf><i>c</i></inf> they require exponential time. We introduce a new method for showing slow mixing based on the presence or absence of certain topological obstructions in the independent sets. Using elementary arguments, we show that Glauber dynamics will be slow for sampling independent sets in 2 dimensions when λ ≥ 8.066, improving on the best known bound by a factor of 10. We also show they are slow on the torus when λ ≥ 6.183.
Isotope Shift of Nuclear Magnetic Resonances in 129Xe and 131Xe Caused by Spin-Exchange Pumping by Alkali Metal Atoms

The effect of isotope shifts of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) frequency in xenon isotopes 129Xe and 131Xe polarized by optically-oriented alkali metal atoms is not only of fundamental interest, but also of practical significance, since it is the main factor limiting the accuracy of a whole class of prospective navigation and metrological devices. Our study of the parametric dependences of the isotope shift has shown that this effect is largely due to incomplete averaging of an inhomogeneous local magnetic field by two xenon isotopes, and therefore, its value can be influenced by applying an external magnetic field gradient. A numerical model is derived that qualitatively describes the effect of the isotopic frequency shift, as well as its dependence on the cell temperature and the external magnetic field gradient. The model provides a good quantitative agreement with the experiment – e.g., at a temperature of 85°C, the isotope shift values predicted by the model coincide with experimental data with an accuracy of up to the experimental error, which, in turn, does not exceed 8% of the total change in the isotopic shift in the entire range of applied magnetic field gradients.
Functional neuroanatomy of successful paired associate learning in Alzheimer's disease.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to develop a strategy for functional imaging of neurodegenerative disorders that overcomes confounds associated with differential performance between patient and comparison groups. METHOD Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine responses to increasing difficulty of visuospatial paired associate learning in 12 patients with mild probable Alzheimer's disease and 12 age-matched healthy comparison subjects. Performance was matched across groups by only examining successful encoding and retrieval attempts. Adjustment for task difficulty was made on an individual basis so that the patients with Alzheimer's disease and the comparison subjects performed at the same relative levels of difficulty. RESULTS A network of lateral and medial frontoparietal and occipital regions was engaged in all subjects during successful associative learning. As task difficulty increased, blood-oxygen-level-dependent responses increased linearly in occipitoparietal regions during encoding and retrieval. Differential activations in patients with Alzheimer's disease and comparison subjects were small and were found only when an uncorrected statistical threshold was used. CONCLUSIONS By controlling for confounds of varying task difficulty and subsequent performance, remarkably similar brain activations were identified during successful paired associate learning in patients with Alzheimer's disease and in healthy comparison subjects. The study methods provide a useful model for further applications of functional imaging involving cognitive activation paradigms in the study of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Recommender Systems , Semantic-Based Affiliation

Glossary Collaborative filtering: a recommendation method which is based on rating information of the user community Content-based filtering: a recommendation method which is based on characteristics of the recommended items as well as individual user feedback Hybrid recommender system: a recommender system that combines different recommendation approaches or data sources Rating matrix: a grid containing the users' implicit or explicit item ratings Cold start problem: the ramp-up phase of a recommender where preference data is missing
TYPiMatch: type-specific unsupervised learning of keys and key values for heterogeneous web data integration

Instance matching and blocking, a preprocessing step used for selecting candidate matches, require determining the most representative attributes of instances called keys, based on which similarities between instances are computed. We show that for the problem of learning blocking keys and key values, both generic techniques that do not exploit type information and supervised learning techniques optimized for one single predefined type of instances do not perform well on heterogeneous Web data capturing instances for which the predefined type is too general. That is, they actually belong to some subtypes that are not explicitly specified in the data. We propose an unsupervised approach for learning these subtypes and the subtype-specific blocking keys and key values. Compared to state-of-the-art supervised and unsupervised learning approaches that are optimized for one single type, our approach improves efficiency as well as result quality. In particular, we show that the proposed strategy of learning subtype-specific blocking keys and key values improves both blocking and instance matching results.
A Dynamic Directional Model for Effective Brain Connectivity Using Electrocorticographic (ECoG) Time Series

We introduce a dynamic directional model (DDM) for studying brain effective connectivity based on intracranial electrocorticographic (ECoG) time series. The DDM consists of two parts: a set of differential equations describing neuronal activity of brain components (state equations), and observation equations linking the underlying neuronal states to observed data. When applied to functional MRI or EEG data, DDMs usually have complex formulations and thus can accommodate only a few regions, due to limitations in spatial resolution and/or temporal resolution of these imaging modalities. In contrast, we formulate our model in the context of ECoG data. The combined high temporal and spatial resolution of ECoG data result in a much simpler DDM, allowing investigation of complex connections between many regions. To identify functionally segregated subnetworks, a form of biologically economical brain networks, we propose the Potts model for the DDM parameters. The neuronal states of brain components are represented by cubic spline bases and the parameters are estimated by minimizing a log-likelihood criterion that combines the state and observation equations. The Potts model is converted to the Potts penalty in the penalized regression approach to achieve sparsity in parameter estimation, for which a fast iterative algorithm is developed. The methods are applied to an auditory ECoG dataset.
Angiotensin Receptor Blockade and Exercise Capacity in Adults With Systemic Right Ventricles: A Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Background— Pharmacological blockade of the renin-angiotensin system improves exercise tolerance in patients with left ventricular dysfunction, yet its impact on patients with systemic right ventricles (RVs) remains unknown. Methods and Results— A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial was performed to assess the effects of losartan on exercise capacity and neurohormonal levels in patients with systemic RVs. Of 29 patients studied (age, 30.3±10.9 years), 21 had transposition of the great arteries with a Mustard baffle, and 8 had congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries. Baseline values were as follows: &OV0312;o2max, 29.8±5.6 mL · kg−1 · min−1 (73.5±12.9% predicted value); RV ejection fraction, 41.6±9.3%; N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), 257.7±243.4 pg/mL (normal <125 pg/mL); and angiotensin II, 5.7±4.9 pg/mL (normal <5.0 pg/mL). Comparing losartan to placebo showed no differences in &OV0312;o2max (29.9±5.4 versus 29.4±6.2 mL · kg−1 · min−1; P=0.43), exercise duration (632.3±123.0 versus 629.9±140.7 seconds; P=0.76), and NT-proBNP levels (201.2±267.8 versus 229.7±291.5 pg/mL; P=0.10), despite a trend toward increased angiotensin II levels (15.2±13.8 versus 8.8±12.5 pg/mL; P=0.08). Conclusions— In adults with systemic RVs, losartan did not improve exercise capacity or reduce NT-proBNP levels. Minimal baseline activation of the renin-angiotensin system may explain this lack of benefit and imply an alternative pathophysiological mechanism for the progressive ventricular dysfunction and impaired exercise capacity observed in such patients.
Design guidelines for more engaging electronic books: insights from a cooperative inquiry study

This paper presents the results of a cooperative inquiry study aimed at developing a prototype of enhanced eBook for leisure reading. Together with a group of 9 to 11 years old children we explored various design ideas and, starting from these ideas, we developed the eBook prototype and elaborated a shortlist of recommendations. The paper aims to extend the research on the design of children's eBooks with a set of six guidelines that are intended to help designers in creating better and more engaging eBooks.
Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen 1 Is a Receptor for Pasteurella haemolytica Leukotoxin in Bovine Leukocytes

ABSTRACT Pasteurella (Mannheimia) haemolytica leukotoxin (Lkt) causes cell type- and species-specific effects in ruminant leukocytes. Recent studies indicate that P. haemolytica Lkt binds to bovine CD18, the common subunit of all β2 integrins. We designed experiments with the following objectives: to identify which member of the β2 integrins is a receptor for Lkt; to determine whether Lkt binding to the receptor is target cell (bovine leukocytes) specific; to define the relationships between Lkt binding to the receptor, calcium elevation, and cytolysis; and to determine whether a correlation exists between Lkt receptor expression and the magnitude of target cell cytolysis. We compared Lkt-induced cytolysis in neutrophils from control calves and from calves with bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD), because neutrophils from BLAD-homozygous calves exhibit reduced β2 integrin expression. The results demonstrate for the first time that Lkt binds to bovine CD11a and CD18 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 [LFA-1]). The binding was abolished by anti-CD11a or anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody (MAb). Lkt-induced calcium elevation in bovine alveolar macrophages (BAMs) was inhibited by anti-CD11a or anti-CD18 MAb (65 to 94% and 37 to 98%, respectively, at 5 and 50 Lkt units per ml; P < 0.05). Lkt-induced cytolysis in neutrophils and BAMs was also inhibited by anti-CD11a or anti-CD18 MAb in a concentration-dependent manner. Lkt bound to porcine LFA-1 but did not induce calcium elevation or cytolysis. In neutrophils from BLAD calves, Lkt-induced cytolysis was decreased by 44% compared to that of neutrophils from control calves (P < 0.05). These results indicate that LFA-1 is a Lkt receptor, Lkt binding to LFA-1 is not target cell specific, Lkt binding to bovine LFA-1 correlates with calcium elevation and cytolysis, and bovine LFA-1 expression correlates with the magnitude of Lkt-induced target cell cytolysis.
Decreased expression of the cardiac LIM domain protein MLP in chronic human heart failure.

BACKGROUND The cardiac LIM domain protein MLP, a member of the cysteine-rich protein family, is an essential regulator of cardiac muscle development. Mice with a disruption of the MLP gene resemble the morphological and clinical picture of dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure in humans. We investigated whether altered MLP expression is significant for the pathogenesis of human heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization confirmed the expression of MLP protein and mRNA in human cardiomyocytes. Western blot analysis revealed that the MLP peptide was present in the contractile protein fraction but not in the cytosolic or membrane fraction and that the binding of MLP to myofibrils required functional zinc finger domains. MLP immunoreactivity was decreased approximately 50% (P<0.05) in the left ventricular myocardium of patients with chronic heart failure due to dilated or ischemic cardiomyopathy compared with non-failing donor hearts. MLP mRNA expression, as assessed by Northern blot experiments, was not significantly different between failing and non-failing control hearts, which suggests that decreased MLP synthesis or increased MLP protein turnover, rather than a decreased number of RNA transcripts, may play a role. CONCLUSIONS Because MLP may promote myofibril assembly, the down-regulation of this adapter protein might play an essential role in myofibril derangement or impaired myofibril rearrangement in the failing human myocardium.
Voltage Matching, Étendue, and Ratchet Steps in Advanced-Concept Solar Cells

Many advanced solar cell concepts propose surpassing the Shockley Queisser (SQ) limit by introducing multiple quasi-Fermi level separations that are arranged in series and/or in parallel. Exceeding the SQ limit with any parallel arrangement involves intermediate states that deliver additional charge carriers at, ideally, the same electro-chemical potential as the other elements in the parallel network. This can be thought of as voltage matching individual parallel components and in intermediate band materials is intricately linked to solar concentration and etendue mismatch between absorption and emission. Generally, to achieve voltage matching under sub-optimal conditions, an additional degree of freedom in the absorption thresholds of the material through a carrier relaxation or ratchet step is required. We explain why the ideal ratchet step decreases with solar concentration and how it depends on radiative efficiency and emission etendue of the individual transitions. For solar cell concepts that use Auger type carrier-carrier interactions or molecular triplet states for energetic up- or down-conversion, ideal bandgap combinations and achievable efficiencies also depend on interaction rates. We show that Auger assisted solar cells suffer more strongly from finite interaction rates than carrier multiplication devices.
Genetic susceptibility to stuttering.

Disorders that disrupt the development of speech, language, or reading have substantial effects on social function. Researchers have implicated specific genetic variants in monogenic speech disorder,1 common language impairments,2,3 and dyslexia.4 With the report by Kang and colleagues in this issue of the Journal, 5 stuttering joins the fray. Stuttering is a disorder in which speech fluency can be severely compromised. It is characterized by the involuntary repetition or prolongation of sounds, syllables, words, or phrases, as well as frequent pauses, impeding the rhythmic flow of speech. Onset is typically between 3 and 6 years of age, and approximately 5% .
Analysis of Biological Networks: Network Motifs Ppi Networks: Data Preprocessing and Functional Annotation

Network motifs are defined as " Recurring patterns of interactions that are significantly over-represented ". The motivation for analyzing the motif content of the network lies on the basic assumption that the over-representation of a certain subnetwork indicates it has some functional importance. Thus, exploring the abundant motifs in a network may provide with novel insights regarding the functionality of these motifs in the network. Most of the notions and analyzes described here have been developed in Uri Alon's laboratory in the Weizmann Institute. 1.1 Motifs in general networks Milo et al. [20] analyzed 18 different networks from the following sources (Figure 1): • Transcription networks from E. coli and S. cerevisiae. • Synaptic connections between neurons in the nematode C. elegans. • Food webs of throphic interactions between predator and prey in different ecological systems. For each network, all the possible motifs of size n = 3 (n denoting the amount of nodes; shown in Figure 1) and of n = 4 were enumerated and compared to the average count over 1000 random networks. In this case, the randomized networks were generated while preserving the following properties of the original network: • In-degree, out-degree and mutual degree. This is done by the edge-swapping procedure for generating random graphs, as described in Lecture 2, where swapping of a single edge and a mutual edge is done separately. A mutual edge between u and v consists of a directed edge (u, v) and of a directed edge (v, u). • The number of appearances of all (n − 1)-node subgraphs (for n > 3). This is done to ensure that a high significance was not assigned to a pattern only because it has a highly significant sub-pattern. For example, a high number of 4-cliques in a network is less surprising if it has an enrichment of 3-cliques.
Experimental Research on DFA-Based MLML IDS Security Evaluation

Many manufacturers and researchers have established various Intrusion Detection System (IDS) evaluation standards, most of which involve tests of IDS functions but neglect evaluation of IDS security. On the basis of IDS security evaluation, this paper describes segmented and multi-level mixed evaluation methods, classifies intrusions by type of TCP/IP, and illustrates the evaluation process by means of the Deterministic Finite Automaton (DFA) in fragmentation, making the test process more straightforward and vivid. Credibility levels are assigned to measures which are taken to make products meet basic functional requirements, thus dividing the evaluation process into three levels.
Protective effects of bacteriophage on experimental Lactococcus garvieae infection in yellowtail.

The present study describes the in vitro and in vivo survival of Lactococcus garvieae bacteriophages and the potential of the phage for controlling experimental L. garvieae infection in yellowtail. Anti-L. garvieae phages persisted well in various physicochemical (water temperature, salinity, pH) and biological (feed, serum and alimentary tract extracts of yellowtail) conditions, except for low acidity. In the in vivo, the phage PLgY-16 was detected in the spleens of yellowtail until 24 h after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, or the phage was recovered from the intestine of yellowtail 3 h after the oral administration of phage-impregnated feed but undetectable 10 h later. Simultaneous administration of live L. garvieae and phage enhanced recovery of the phage from the spleen or intestine. The survival rate was much higher in yellowtail that received i.p. injection of the phage after i.p. challenge with L. garvieae, compared with that of control fish without phage injection. When fish were i.p. injected with phage at different hours after L. garvieae challenge, higher protective effects were demonstrated in fish that received phage treatment at the earlier time. Protection was also obtained in yellowtail receiving phage-impregnated feed, in which fish were challenged by an anal intubation with L. garvieae. Anal-intubated L. garvieae were detected constantly in the spleens of the control fish, while they were detected sporadically and disappeared from the phage-treated fish 48 h later. On the other hand, orally administered phage was detected at high plaque-forming units from the intestines and spleens of the phage-treated fish until 48 h later. These results indicate that intraperitoneally or orally administered anti-L. garvieae phage prevented fish from experimental L. garvieae infection, suggesting potential use of the phage for controlling the disease.