Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neural systems and hormones mediating attraction to infant and child faces

We find infant faces highly attractive as a result of specific features which Konrad Lorenz termed “Kindchenschema” or “baby schema,” and this is considered to be an important adaptive trait for promoting protective and caregiving behaviors in adults, thereby increasing the chances of infant survival. This review first examines the behavioral support for this effect and physical and behavioral factors which can influence it. It then provides details of the increasing number of neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies investigating the neural circuitry underlying this baby schema effect in parents and non-parents of both sexes. Next it considers potential hormonal contributions to the baby schema effect in both sexes and the neural effects associated with reduced responses to infant cues in post-partum depression, anxiety and drug taking. Overall the findings reviewed reveal a very extensive neural circuitry involved in our perception of cuteness in infant faces, with enhanced activation compared to adult faces being found in brain regions involved in face perception, attention, emotion, empathy, memory, reward and attachment, theory of mind and also control of motor responses. Both mothers and fathers also show evidence for enhanced responses in these same neural systems when viewing their own as opposed to another child. Furthermore, responses to infant cues in many of these neural systems are reduced in mothers with post-partum depression or anxiety or have taken addictive drugs throughout pregnancy. In general reproductively active women tend to rate infant faces as cuter than men, which may reflect both heightened attention to relevant cues and a stronger activation in their brain reward circuitry. Perception of infant cuteness may also be influenced by reproductive hormones with the hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin being most strongly associated to date with increased attention and attraction to infant cues in both sexes.
Bioinformatic Analysis of Epigenetic and MicroRNA Mediated Regulation of Drought Responsive Genes in Rice

Drought stress response is a complex trait regulated at multiple levels. Changes in the epigenetic and miRNA regulatory landscape can dramatically alter the outcome of a stress response. However, little is known about the scope and extent of these regulatory factors on drought related cellular processes and functions. To this end, we selected a list of 5468 drought responsive genes (DRGs) of rice identified in multiple microarray studies and mapped the DNA methylation regions found in a genome wide methylcytosine immunoprecipitation and sequencing (mCIP-Seq) study to their genic and promoter regions, identified the chromatin remodeling genes and the genes that are targets of miRNAs. We found statistically significant enrichment of DNA methylation reads and miRNA target sequences in DRGs compared to a random set of genes. About 75% of the DRGs annotated to be involved in chromatin remodeling were downregulated. We found one-third of the DRGs are targeted by two-thirds of all known/predicted miRNAs in rice which include many transcription factors targeted by more than five miRNAs. Clustering analysis of the DRGs with epigenetic and miRNA features revealed, upregulated cluster was enriched in drought tolerance mechanisms while the downregulated cluster was enriched in drought resistance mechanisms evident by their unique gene ontologies (GOs), protein-protein interactions (PPIs), specific transcription factors, protein domains and metabolic pathways. Further, we analyzed the proteome of two weeks old young rice plants treated with a global demethylating agent, 5-azacytidine (5-azaC), subjected to drought stress and identified 56 protein spots that are differentially expressed. Out of the 56 spots, 35 were differently expressed in the sample with both demethylation and drought stress treatments and 28 (50%) were part of DRGs considered in the bioinformatic analysis.
A New Congestion Control Algorithm Based on RBFNN

This paper presents a new sequential learning algorithm for radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) based on local projection named local projection network (LPN). Earlier studies have shown that RBFNN is well suited for online adaptive control of nonlinear time varying systems as it adjust its size by adding and pruning the hidden neurons based on the input data. Simulation results indicate that RBF with the new algorithm controller performs better in reducing the congestion episodes and maintaining the desirable QoS.
Two populations of metal-free stars in the early Universe

We construct star formation histories at redshifts z? 5 for two physically distinct populations of primordial, metal-free stars, motivated by theoretical and observational arguments that have hinted towards the existence of an intermediate stellar generation between Population III and Population I/II. Taking into account the cosmological parameters as recently revised by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe after three years of operation, we determine self-consistent reionization histories and discuss the resulting chemical enrichment from these early stellar generations. We find that the bulk of ionizing photons and heavy elements produced at high redshifts must have originated in Population II.5 stars, which formed out of primordial gas in haloes with virial temperatures? 10 4 K, and had typical masses? 10M ⊙ . Classical Population III stars, formed in minihaloes and having masses? 100 M ⊙ , on the other hand, had only a minor impact on reionization and early metal enrichment. Specifically, we conclude that only ≃ 10 per cent by mass of metal-free star formation went into Population III.
A Comparative Economic Analysis of different FTTH Architectures

Bandwidth demand is rising sharply in the world. The ultimate solution is the substitution of copper with fiber in access networks. There are multiple architectures of implementing fiber and it is crucial to find one which is most cost effective. External factors like housing costs, area characteristics and labor cost play an important role in cost estimations. In this paper engineering cost method is employed to calculate the cost per subscriber of different architectures under different conditions. As sunk costs are very high so take rate (number of homes covered by the access network that subscribe to the service) plays a vital role. Feeder fiber length and maintenance costs are other important factors. The architectures utilizing the existing copper or cable distribution networks are most cost efficient but the ultimate solution will be fiber up to the home fulfilling all future bandwidth demands. The maintenance cost over the life is also lowest for all fiber networks. At present telecom companies are encouraged to employ fiber in their feeder networks.
Analysis of phase detection circuit for human activity

This paper describes a method for analysing and detecting the daily activities of a person with the help of phase sensitive detector analysis. The phase sensitive detector (PSD) is implemented in the circuitry to measure the phase and amplitude change produced, I and Q, hence the amplitude and the phase of the voltage. The basic components of PSD analysis are modulation, multiplication and low pass filter. This technique will be able to distinguish a person's daily activities such as walking, fall events, entering or leaving a room by comparing the amplitude and phase of the output results to the input amplitude and phase change. A detailed analysis is carried out, which reveals equations that can assist in measuring the phase and amplitude information. Furthermore, MATLAB simulation results offers consistent results when compared with theory, hence, this determines the suitability of the model proposed. Likewise the data obtained can aid in the ability to analyse the movement of the person.
Evaluation of heat retrieval of super-critical water reservoirs and Visualization of Data

Nature of rock mass below the brittle-ductile transition (BDT) is of great scientific interest to understand various phenomenon in the Earth's crust. We will review and discuss current understanding of characteristics the rock mass below the BDT, including composites, stress, failure mechanism induced by liquid injection and associates earthquake generation mechanism, and water rock interaction, considering engineered geothermal development in the BDT. Discussions on the possible phenomena in the geothermal development in the BDT will be followed in this session. New drilling technology is key of issues. This session will cover advanced drilling technology under high temperature conditions for energy extraction.
Wavelet deconvolution in a periodic setting

Summary. Deconvolution problems are naturally represented in the Fourier domain, whereas thresholding in wavelet bases is known to have broad adaptivity properties. We study a method which combines both fast Fourier and fast wavelet transforms and can recover a blurred function observed in white noise with O{n log (n)2} steps. In the periodic setting, the method applies to most deconvolution problems, including certain ‘boxcar’ kernels, which are important as a model of motion blur, but having poor Fourier characteristics. Asymptotic theory informs the choice of tuning parameters and yields adaptivity properties for the method over a wide class of measures of error and classes of function. The method is tested on simulated light detection and ranging data suggested by underwater remote sensing. Both visual and numerical results show an improvement over competing approaches. Finally, the theory behind our estimation paradigm gives a complete characterization of the ‘maxiset’ of the method: the set of functions where the method attains a near optimal rate of convergence for a variety of Lp loss functions.
TILTS: A Fast Architectural-Level Transient Thermal Simulation Method

As power density of microprocessors is increasing rapidly and resulting in high temperatures, the reliability of chips is greatly affected, making thermal simulation a necessity for CPU designs. Current thermal simulation methods (for example, the HotSpot simulator) are very useful, but are still inefficient when performing thermal analysis for long simulation times. In this paper, we propose a novel transient thermal simulation method for CPU chips at the architecture level, TILTS(Time Invariant Linear Thermal System), which utilizes the fact that the input power trace is discretized over a fixed sampling interval to accelerate thermal simulations. TILTSallows us to calculate transient temperatures on a chip over long simulation times. Based on a linear system formulation, TILTShas the same accuracy as that of traditional thermal simulation tools and is orders of magnitude faster than previous algorithms. Compared to the HotSpot simulator, TILTS achieves speedups of 1300 for the processors in our experiments for an appropriate sampling interval of 100 s. With some additional memory space, the improved algorithm CONTILTS(Convolutional TILTS ) is about 6000 times faster than the HotSpot simulator for the processors in our experiments.
Weakening Effect of Cell Permeabilizers on Gram-Negative Bacteria Causing Biodeterioration

ABSTRACT Gram-negative bacteria play an important role in the formation and stabilization of biofilm structures on stone surfaces. Therefore, the control of growth of gram-negative bacteria offers a way to diminish biodeterioration of stone materials. The effect of potential permeabilizers on the outer membrane (OM) properties of gram-negative bacteria was investigated and further characterized. In addition, efficacy of the agents in enhancing the activity of a biocide (benzalkonium chloride) was assessed. EDTA, polyethylenimine (PEI), and succimer (meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic) were shown to be efficient permeabilizers of the members of Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas genera, as indicated by an increase in the uptake of a hydrophobic probe (1-N-phenylnaphthylamine) and sensitization to hydrophobic antibiotics. Visualization of Pseudomonas cells treated with EDTA or PEI by atomic force microscopy revealed damage in the outer membrane structure. PEI especially increased the surface area and bulges of the cells. Topographic images of EDTA-treated cells were compatible with events assigned for the effect of EDTA on outer membranes, i.e., release of lipopolysaccharide and disintegration of OM structure. In addition, the effect of EDTA treatment was visualized in phase-contrast images as large areas with varying hydrophilicity on cell surfaces. In liquid culture tests, EDTA and PEI supplementation enhanced the activity of benzalkonium chloride toward the target strains. Use of permeabilizers in biocide formulations would enable the use of decreased concentrations of the active biocide ingredient, thereby providing environmentally friendlier products.
Sediment removal by prairie filter strips in row-cropped ephemeral watersheds.

Twelve small watersheds in central Iowa were used to evaluate the effectiveness of prairie filter strips (PFS) in trapping sediment from agricultural runoff. Four treatments with PFS of different size and location (100% rowcrop, 10% PFS of total watershed area at footslope, 10% PFS at footslope and in contour strips, 20% PFS at footslope and in contour strips) arranged in a balanced incomplete block design were seeded in July 2007. All watersheds were in bromegrass ( L.) for at least 10 yr before treatment establishment. Cropped areas were managed under a no-till, 2-yr corn ( L.)-soybean [ (L.) Merr. ] rotation beginning in 2007. About 38 to 85% of the total sediment export from cropland occurred during the early growth stage of rowcrop due to wet field conditions and poor ground cover. The greatest sediment load was observed in 2008 due to the initial soil disturbance and gradually decreased thereafter. The mean annual sediment yield through 2010 was 0.36 and 8.30 Mg ha for the watersheds with and without PFS, respectively, a 96% sediment trapping efficiency for the 4-yr study period. The amount and distribution of PFS had no significant impact on runoff and sediment yield, probably due to the relatively large width (37-78 m) of footslope PFS. The findings suggest that incorporation of PFS at the footslope position of annual rowcrop systems provides an effective approach to reducing sediment loss in runoff from agricultural watersheds under a no-till system.
Increasing the availability provided by RADIC with low overhead

For machines composed of a large number of processing units, fault probability tends to increase linearly with this number. This makes the use of a fault tolerant solution a major issue. A fault tolerant solution provides certain level of availability, which is usually influenced by time overhead, performance degradation, resources or cost. In the rollback-recovery protocol, the availability increase is usually achieved by increasing the checkpoint frequency or by making several replicas of checkpoints and/or logs. Such a replication allows the solution to tolerate concurrent correlated faults, i.e., a fault in a computing node and in the stable storage. These faults are theoretically less probable, however recent studies have shown that faults are temporally and spatially correlated, consequently increasing the concurrent fault probability. The major concern replicating the checkpoints and logs is the overhead caused by storing these replicas over various repositories, which may disallow its use. In this paper we present how we increased the availability provided by RADIC, without significantly increase of its overhead. Our approach consists of parallelizing the storing of these replicas using the pipeline technique. Such a technique allows us to make low-overhead copies of checkpoints and logs over N protectors. Furthermore, as secondary benefit, the pipelining between observer and protector reduces more than four times (in the best case) the pessimistic message logging overhead.
Bringing the Heat Home: Television Spots about Local Impacts Reduce Global Warming Denialism

ABSTRACT Efforts to educate the general public about global warming and the potential policy solutions that could mitigate its effects have relied on the diffusion of facts. But, cognitive scientists have documented that psychologically distant events like global warming elicit less concern and motivation to act relative to immediate, proximal and certain events. This paper documents a quasi-experiment that tested the effect on attitudes of a television campaign that emphasized the temporally, geographically and socially proximal impacts of global warming on the ecosystems and business activity of a historically conservative area of the United States. The campaign aired on one cable provider. Subscribers of that and of competing providers in the same zip-codes were polled after the campaign. Respondents exposed to the campaign were more likely to believe that global warming is happening, to accept the scientific consensus, to be more concerned about impacts and more supportive of policy solutions.
Effects of Age, Education and Gender on Verbal Fluency

The objective was to study the effects of age, education and gender on verbal fluency in cognitively unimpaired, older individuals. The methods used were as follows: cognitively unimpaired elderly (55-84 years) subjects (n = 153), were administered category (animal) (CF) and letter (/pa/) (LF) fluency tasks, in their native language of Malayalam. Results and conclusions were (1) Level of education, but not age or gender, significantly influence LF. (2) Level of education (directly) and in the elderly subjects, age (inversely) affect CF. (3) Age, but not education, has a differential effect on the tasks of verbal fluency, influencing CF more than LF.
Distributed pattern recognition within DHT-based networks for imbalanced datasets

This paper studies the accuracy of a fully-distributed pattern recognition algorithm, namely the P2P-GN, with imbalanced datasets problem which is often neglected by most of the available distributed algorithms. A major distinction of the P2P-GN compared to the other approaches is that it forms a single global classifier, instead of building many local classifiers (one at every site). Fine-granularity components of the classifier are distributed across the network by using Distributed Hash Table (DHT) - which provides efficient linking to these components and ensures the system remains fully-distributed. Our experimental results also show that the P2P-GN can produce highly accurate results despite imbalanced data distribution compared to other distributed algorithms (Ivote-DPV, ensemble ID3, ensemble k-NN, and ensemble naive Bayes).
GPC control of the airpath of high speed diesel engines

This paper presents a predictive design approach for the airpath control of diesel engines (EGR/ VGT). The approach arises naturally from a model based sight of engine control and is discussed both in the “double SISO” version as well as in a modified MIMO version designed to cope with artificial setpoints typically used to enforce exact closing of valves in engines subject to production variance. The approach has been tested on an AVL dynamic test bench with a production BMW four cylinder diesel engine and compared to the results obtained by the original control configuration. The results confirm that the model based predictive approach has a large potentiality to improve the system behavior in terms of pollutants during transients, and that in some cases even significant improvements of specific consumption are achieved.
Algebraically Simple Chaotic Flows

It came as a surprise to most scientists when Lorenz in 1963 discovered chaos in a simple system of three autonomous ordinary differential equations with two quadratic nonlinearities. This paper reviews efforts over the subsequent years to discover even simpler examples of chaotic flows. There is reason to believe that the algebraically simplest examples of chaotic flows with quadratic and piecewise linear nonlinearities have now been identified. The properties of these and other simple systems will be described.
Fault-Tolerant Algoritms for Detecting Event Regions in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Statistical Hypothesis Test

Detecting event regions in a monitored environment is a canonical task of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It is a hard problem because sensor nodes are prone to failures and have scarce energy. In this paper, we seek distributed and localized algorithms for fault-tolerant event region detection. Most existing algorithms only assume that events are spatially correlated, but we argue that events are usually both spatially and temporally correlated. By examining the temporal correlation of sensor measurements, we propose two detection algorithms by applying statistical hypothesis test (SHT). Our analyses show that SHT-based algorithm is more accurate in detecting event regions. Moreover, it is more energy efficient since it gets rid of frequent measurement exchanges. In order to improve the capability of fault recognition, we extend SHT-based algorithm by examining both spatial and temporal correlations of sensor measurements, and our analyses show that extended SHT-based algorithm can recognize almost all faults when sensor network is densely deployed.
Orexin-A Promotes Cell Migration in Cultured Rat Astrocytes via Ca2+-Dependent PKCα and ERK1/2 Signals

Orexin-A is an important neuropeptide involved in the regulation of feeding, arousal, energy consuming, and reward seeking in the body. The effects of orexin-A have widely studied in neurons but not in astrocytes. Here, we report that OX1R and OX2R are expressed in cultured rat astrocytes. Orexin-A stimulated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and then induced the migration of astrocytes via its receptor OX1R but not OX2R. Orexin-A-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and astrocytes migration are Ca2+-dependent, since they could be inhibited by either chelating the extracellular Ca2+ or blocking the pathway of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). Furthermore, both non-selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor and PKCα selective inhibitor, but not PKCδ inhibitor, prevented the increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and the migration of astrocytes, indicating that the Ca2+-dependent PKCα acts as the downstream of the OX1R activation and mediates the orexin-A-induced increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cell migration. In conclusion, these results suggest that orexin-A can stimulate ERK1/2 phosphorylation and then facilitate the migration of astrocytes via PLC-PKCα signal pathway, providing new knowledge about the functions of the OX1R in astrocytes.