Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of 3D cadastre model in the Russian Federation

Rosreestr is responsible for all tasks related to the registration of rights, recording of parcels (cadastral map) and geodetic and (topographic) mapping. Rosreestr has about 6,500 offices and 60,000 staff members. Since the start of the Russian Federation approximately 80 million parcels have been registered together with associated rights and restrictions (responsibilities) and the involved parties. Therefore Rostreestr maintains probably the world's largest cadastral system. Both information on parcels and the legal and administrative information can be accessed online by the public (http://maps.rosreestr.ru/Portal/). Rosreestr falls under the authority of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation being the project counterpart. This paper starts with an overview of the current cadastral (legal and spatial) model in the Russian Federation and relates this to the terminology of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM; ISO DIS 19152, 2011). Section 3 discusses the extension of the model into 3D, covering both the conceptual and technical aspects. The various types of data used for the developments of the prototype system are presented in Section 4. The paper ends with concluding remarks in Section 5. 2. Current cadastral model
Effects of Natural and Anthropogenic Change on Habitat Use and Movement of Endangered Salt Marsh Harvest Mice

The northern salt marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris halicoetes) is an endangered species endemic to the San Francisco Bay Estuary. Using a conservation behavior perspective, we examined how salt marsh harvest mice cope with both natural (daily tidal fluctuations) and anthropogenic (modification of tidal regime) changes in natural tidal wetlands and human-created diked wetlands, and investigated the role of behavioral flexibility in utilizing a human-created environment in the Suisun Marsh. We used radio telemetry to determine refuge use at high tide, space use, and movement rates to investigate possible differences in movement behavior in tidal versus diked wetlands. We found that the vast majority of the time salt marsh harvest mice remain in vegetation above the water during high tides. We also found no difference in space used by mice during high tide as compared to before or after high tide in either tidal or diked wetlands. We found no detectable difference in diurnal or nocturnal movement rates in tidal wetlands. However, we did find that diurnal movement rates for mice in diked wetlands were lower than nocturnal movement rates, especially during the new moon. This change in movement behavior in a relatively novel human-created habitat indicates that behavioral flexibility may facilitate the use of human-created environments by salt marsh harvest mice.
Is High Serum LDL/HDL Cholesterol Ratio an Emerging Risk Factor for Sudden Cardiac Death? Findings from the KIHD Study

Aim: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), which are components of total cholesterol, have each been suggested to be linked to the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). However, the relationship between LDL-c/HDL-c ratio and the risk of SCD has not been previously investigated. We aimed to assess the associations of LDL-c, HDL-c, and the ratio of LDL-c/HDL-c with the risk of SCD. Methods: Serum lipoprotein concentrations were assessed at baseline in the Finnish Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease prospective cohort study of 2,616 men aged 42–61 years at recruitment. Hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CI]) were assessed. Results: During a median follow-up of 23.0 years, a total of 228 SCDs occurred. There was no significant evidence of an association of LDL-c or HDL-c with the risk of SCD. In analyses adjusted for age, examination year, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, years of education, diabetes, previous myocardial infarction, family history of coronary heart disease, and serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein, there was approximately a two-fold increase in the risk of SCD (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.21–3.11; p = 0.006), comparing the top (> 4.22) versus bottom (≤ 2.30) quintile of serum LDL-c/HDL-c ratio. Conclusion: In this middle-aged male population, LDL-c or HDL-c was not associated with the risk of SCD. However, a high serum LDL-c/HDL-c ratio was found to be independently associated with an increased risk of SCD. Further research is warranted to understand the mechanistic pathways underlying this association.
IL‐7 suppresses macrophage autophagy and promotes liver pathology in Schistosoma japonicum‐infected mice

In schistosomiasis japonica and mansoni, parasite eggs trapped in host liver elicit severe liver granulomatous inflammation that subsequently leads to periportal fibrosis, portal hypertension, haemorrhage or even death. Macrophages are critical for granuloma formation and the development of liver fibrosis during schistosomiasis. However, whether the aberrant regulation of macrophage autophagy has an effect on the development of liver immunopathology in schistosomiasis remains to be elucidated. In this study, we showed that Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) egg antigen (SEA)‐triggered macrophage autophagy limited the development of pathology in host liver. However, engagement of IL‐7 receptor (IL‐7R/CD127) on macrophages by S. japonicum infection‐induced IL‐7 significantly suppressed SEA‐triggered macrophage autophagy, which led to an enhanced liver pathology. In addition, anti‐IL‐7 neutralizing antibody or anti‐CD127 blocking antibody treatment increased macrophage autophagy and suppressed liver pathology. Finally, we demonstrated that IL‐7 protects macrophage against SEA‐induced autophagy through activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK). Our study reveals a novel role for IL‐7 in macrophage autophagy and identifies AMPK as a novel downstream mediator of IL‐7‐IL‐7R signalling and suggests that manipulation of macrophage autophagy by targeting IL‐7‐IL‐7R signalling may have the potential to lead to improved treatment options for liver pathogenesis in schistosomiasis.
Non-invasive Markers of Portal Hypertension: Appraisal of Adult Experience and Potential Utilisation in Children

ABSTRACT Portal hypertension (PHT) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children with chronic liver disease and portal vein obstruction. Increased portal pressure results in variceal formation along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract resulting in major bleeding. Identifying children with significant PHT who are more likely to suffer GI bleeding has been challenging and the role of surveillance upper GI endoscopy has been debated. This review analyses research done on serum biomarkers and imaging techniques as possible predictors of significant PHT. We evaluated the research performed on adult population, as well as the limited work done on children, to identify promising areas for future research. A literature search was conducted on “PubMed. ” Several search terms were used including “portal hypertension,” “paediatric portal hypertension,” “non-invasive markers of portal hypertension,” “spleen stiffness,” “liver stiffness,” “elastography,” and “endothelial damage. ” The articles included were selected based on their relevance to the purpose of our review. The research suggests a combination of several biomarkers, in addition to an imaging technique such as transient elastography or magnetic resonance elastography, would allow for the best prediction of significant varices. The most promising indicators would be those that are applicable in both intra- and extra-hepatic causes of PHT. Further research on these predictors in children with PHT is required to determine their potential role as selection criteria for PHT and stratification of surveillance GI endoscopies.
A stochastic and dynamical view of pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells

Pluripotent embryonic stem cells are of paramount importance for biomedical sciences because of their innate ability for self-renewal and differentiation into all major cell lines. The fateful decision to exit or remain in the pluripotent state is regulated by complex genetic regulatory networks. The rapid growth of single-cell sequencing data has greatly stimulated applications of statistical and machine learning methods for inferring topologies of pluripotency regulating genetic networks. The inferred network topologies, however, often only encode Boolean information while remaining silent about the roles of dynamics and molecular stochasticity inherent in gene expression. Herein we develop a framework for systematically extending Boolean-level network topologies into higher resolution models of networks which explicitly account for the promoter architectures and gene state switching dynamics. We show the framework to be useful for disentangling the various contributions that gene switching, external signaling, and network topology make to the global heterogeneity and dynamics of transcription factor populations. We find the pluripotent state of the network to be a steady state which is robust to global variations of gene switching rates which we argue are a good proxy for epigenetic states of individual promoters. The temporal dynamics of exiting the pluripotent state, on the other hand, is significantly influenced by the rates of genetic switching which makes cells more responsive to changes in extracellular signals.
Influence of Gel Aging Time on the Properties of Various Silica Aerogels Synthesized from Water Glass

In the present paper, water glass was used to synthesize silica aerogels and calcium magnesium silica aerogels. The present research was aimed to investigate the effect of gel aging time (1 and 24 hours) on the physical and surface properties of aerogels. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, Barrett-Joyner-Halenda, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to characterize aerogels. Successful formation of nanopores (2.8-4.4 nm) was approved by N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms. The aerogels contained porous network structure with different surface areas (388.9-729.9 m2 g-1). Aging for longer times led to an ability to decrease the density of the aerogels. The bulk density was higher in silica aerogels than in calcium magnesium silica aerogels. The well-tailored network matrix with high BET surface area (729.9 m2 g-1) and low density (0.116 g cm-3) was achieved via 24 hours gel aging of calcium magnesium silica aerogel.
Effects of Heterogeneous Competitor Distribution and Ramet Aggregation on the Growth and Size Structure of a Clonal Plant

Spatially heterogeneous distribution of interspecific competitors and intraspecific aggregation of offspring ramets may affect the growth and size structure of clonal plant populations, but these have been rarely studied. We conducted a greenhouse experiment in which we grew a population of eight offspring ramets (plants) of the stoloniferous clonal plant Hydrocotyle vulgaris aggregately or segregately in two homogeneous treatments with or without a competing grass Festuca elata and a heterogeneous treatment with a patchy distribution of the grass. In patchy grass treatments, H. vulgaris produced markedly more biomass, ramets and stolons in open patches (without grasses) than in grass patches, but displayed lower size variations as measured by coefficient of variation of biomass, ramets and stolons among the eight plants. In open areas, H. vulgaris produced statistically the same amounts of biomass and even more stolons and showed higher size variations in patchy grass treatments than in open (no grass) treatments. In grass areas, H. vulgaris grew much worse and displayed higher size variations in patchy grass treatments than in full grass treatments. Ramet aggregation decreased the growth of H. vulgaris in open treatments and in both open and grass patches in patchy grass treatments, but had little effect in full grass treatments. Ramet aggregation had little effect on size variations. Therefore, heterogeneous distribution of competitors can affect the growth and size structure of clonal plant populations, and ramet aggregation may decrease population growth when they grow in open environments or heterogeneous environments with a patchy distribution of interspecific competitors.
Contractile Performance and Controllability of Insect Muscle-Powered Bioactuator with Different Stimulation Strategies for Soft Robotics

Abstract This article describes contractile performance and controllability using different stimulation strategies of a bioactuator made from dorsal vessel (DV) tissue harvested from an insect (final stage moth larva). This insect tissue is an excellent bioactuator because of its high robustness; an accurate adjustment of culturing conditions such as temperature and pH necessary for culturing mammalian living tissues and cells is unnecessary for the DV tissue. There are no reports that measure contractile force of the DV tissue directly or measure response of the DV tissue when stimulated by different strategies systematically. To this aim, a force measurement system, which can measure contractile force directly and allows adjustment for the DV tissue length, was constructed, and the contractile properties of the DV tissue when stimulated by tensile, thermal, electrical, and chemical (crustacean cardioactive peptide [CCAP]) stimulations were evaluated with a force transducer. It was found that the tensile.
Human Health Effects of Tetrachloroethylene: Key Findings and Scientific Issues

Background: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) completed a toxicological review of tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene, PCE) in February 2012 in support of the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Objectives: We reviewed key findings and scientific issues regarding the human health effects of PCE described in the U.S. EPA’s Toxicological Review of Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene). Methods: The updated assessment of PCE synthesized and characterized a substantial database of epidemiological, experimental animal, and mechanistic studies. Key scientific issues were addressed through modeling of PCE toxicokinetics, synthesis of evidence from neurological studies, and analyses of toxicokinetic, mechanistic, and other factors (tumor latency, severity, and background rate) in interpreting experimental animal cancer findings. Considerations in evaluating epidemiological studies included the quality (e.g., specificity) of the exposure assessment methods and other essential design features, and the potential for alternative explanations for observed associations (e.g., bias or confounding). Discussion: Toxicokinetic modeling aided in characterizing the complex metabolism and multiple metabolites that contribute to PCE toxicity. The exposure assessment approach—a key evaluation factor for epidemiological studies of bladder cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and multiple myeloma—provided suggestive evidence of carcinogenicity. Bioassay data provided conclusive evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. Neurotoxicity was identified as a sensitive noncancer health effect, occurring at low exposures: a conclusion supported by multiple studies. Evidence was integrated from human, experimental animal, and mechanistic data sets in assessing adverse health effects of PCE. Conclusions: PCE is likely to be carcinogenic to humans. Neurotoxicity is a sensitive adverse health effect of PCE. Citation: Guyton KZ, Hogan KA, Scott CS, Cooper GS, Bale AS, Kopylev L, Barone S Jr, Makris SL, Glenn B, Subramaniam RP, Gwinn MR, Dzubow RC, Chiu WA. 2014. Human health effects of tetrachloroethylene: key findings and scientific issues. Environ Health Perspect 122:325–334; http://dx.doi. org/10.1289/ehp.1307359
Short Article: Memory Awareness following Episodic Inhibition

Three experiments used directed forgetting (DF) and retrieval practice (RP) to investigate the relation of inhibited items to states of memory awareness occurring at test. In Experiment 1 using list DF robust inhibitory effects were present in cued recall, but in a recognition test these effects were only present in responses accompanied by recollective experience. In Experiments 2 and 3 using RP reliable effects of inhibition were found but these did not relate systematically to states of memory awareness. It is suggested that in DF the to-be-forgotten items are tagged at study as not to be recollectively experienced and so have a specific, inhibitory, relation to states of recollective experience occurring during test. In RP no tagging takes place, and inhibition is automatic or nonintentional and consequently does not have a specific relation to states of memory awareness at test.
An inductor-based 52-GHz 0.18 /spl mu/m SiGe HBT cascode LNA with 22 dB gain

A 52-GHz two-stage cascode LNA implemented in a production 0.18 /spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS process is presented. By using inductors rather than transmission lines for matching, it occupies an area of only 200 /spl mu/m/spl times/250 /spl mu/m. The circuit features standard 60 /spl mu/m/spl times/60 /spl mu/m bond pads, on-chip bias network, and consumes 11.4 mA from a 3.3 V supply. The measured S/sub 11/ is lower than -12 dB from 35 GHz to 65 GHz and S/sub 21/ exceeds 22 dB. The gain remains above 18 dB when the supply voltage and power dissipation are reduced to 2.5 V and 19.5 mW respectively.
Mathematical Model of Roller-Bearing Electric Steel Chemical Composition Control on the Ladle-Furnace

Regression models of chromium, silicon, manganese and carbon content behavior in metal depending on the amount of added carbonaceous materials, ferrosilicomanganese MnS17, ferromanganese FeMn78, ferrosilicon FeSi65, ferrochromium FeCr800 are obtained as a result of analysis of experimental data for bearing electric steel ШХ15 and ШХ15СГ-В. These models enable to forecast chemical composition of steel in order to save reducing agents and alloying elements. The structural diagram of automated information system of ladle-furnace is designed according to results of investigations.
Tactile feedback in real life sports : a pilot study from cross-country skiing

We describe the research challenges of bringing HCI into the domain of sports, and what research in this domain can add to the general questions multi-modality and sensor-based interaction. To illustrate this, we present results from a pilot study on providing tactile feedback to cross-country skiers. Our results show how real-time feedback can be provided for a variety of purposes without disrupting or disturbing the actual sporting experience
Gestural Interaction with Spatiotemporal Linked Open Data

Exploring complex spatiotemporal data can be very challenging for non-experts. Recently, gestural interaction has emerged as a promising option, which has been successfully applied to various domains, including simple map control. In this paper, we investigate whether gestures can be used to enable non-experts to explore and understand complex spatiotemporal phenomena. In this case study we made use of large amounts of Linked Open Data about the deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest and related ecological, economical and social factors. The results of our study indicate that people of all ages can easily learn gestures and successfully use them to explore the visualized and aggregated spatiotemporal data about the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest.
Applied Lightweight Parallel Multi-Appliance Recognition on Smart Meter

With the crisis of uprising energy, smart meter development has gained a lot of attention. Along with the popularization of Internet of Things (IoT) and home energy management system, users can identify the electronic device being used with the help of electronic appliance recognition technology in order to improve power usage habits. However, there is a difficulty in multiple electronic appliance recognition which poses as a problem since multiple appliances switching on and off is common in everyday life. Hence this study will discuss simultaneous multi-electronic appliance recognition. Another issue in smart meter development is the difficulty in installation. This study solves this problem by proposing a non-invasive smart meter device that also studies the user power usage habits in cases where users are unfamiliar with electronic devices. The system also solves the large data volume processing problem of the current appliance recognition system using a database mechanism, electronic appliance recognition classification, as well as waveform recognition. Other electronic appliance recognition may be power consuming, while this system uses low power low order embedded system chip with high expandability and convenience. Different from past studies, this research considers simultaneous multi-electronic appliance recognition and power usage habits of normal users. The experimental results showed that the total system recognition rate can reach 86.14% with the general daily power usage habits, and the total recognition rate of a single electronic appliance can reach 96.14%, thus proving the feasibility of the proposed system.
Brain enlargement and dental reduction were not linked in hominin evolution

Significance The evolution of the brain and of posterior teeth seem to follow parallel trends in hominins. Larger brain size is associated with reduced premolars and molars, but this association is not observed in all hominin species. We have evaluated this association in a quantitative way by measuring lineage-specific rates of dental and cerebral evolution in the different branches of the hominin evolutionary tree. Our results show that different species evolved at different rates and that brain evolution in early Homo was faster than dental evolution. This result points to different ecological and behavioral factors influencing the evolution of hominin teeth and brains. The large brain and small postcanine teeth of modern humans are among our most distinctive features, and trends in their evolution are well studied within the hominin clade. Classic accounts hypothesize that larger brains and smaller teeth coevolved because behavioral changes associated with increased brain size allowed a subsequent dental reduction. However, recent studies have found mismatches between trends in brain enlargement and posterior tooth size reduction in some hominin species. We use a multiple-variance Brownian motion approach in association with evolutionary simulations to measure the tempo and mode of the evolution of endocranial and dental size and shape within the hominin clade. We show that hominin postcanine teeth have evolved at a relatively consistent neutral rate, whereas brain size evolved at comparatively more heterogeneous rates that cannot be explained by a neutral model, with rapid pulses in the branches leading to later Homo species. Brain reorganization shows evidence of elevated rates only much later in hominin evolution, suggesting that fast-evolving traits such as the acquisition of a globular shape may be the result of direct or indirect selection for functional or structural traits typical of modern humans.