Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Saltwater Intrusion Hydrodynamics in a Tidal Aquifer

The saltwater freshwater interface at the intertidal zones of surficial aquifers is continuously influenced by tidal effects. The numerical solution of this continuously changing intertidal saltwater interface profile is difficult. To simulate this dynamic system correctly appropriate definition and use of seaside boundary conditions are necessary. The estimation of submarine groundwater discharge may vary significantly depending on the way these boundary conditions are handled on the intertidal zone. In this study we have investigated this problem numerically to evaluate the effect of the use of different intertidal zone boundary conditions on the magnitude and the direction of submarine groundwater discharge as well as their effect on saltwater interface profiles. Our findings indicate that the numerical results are sensitive to density differences between the freshwater and seawater phases along with the type of boundary condition used at the intertidal zone. Based on these results, we conclude that th.
Systematic measurements of the aerosol extinction-to-backscatter ratio

Systematic lidar measurements of aerosol backscatter and extinction in the troposphere were performed since May 2000 with the aerosol lidar system operational at IMAA-CNR in Tito Scalo (Potenza) (Southern Italy, 40°36’N, 15°44’E, 820 m above sea level) in the framework of EARLINET. EARLINET is the first European network of 22 advanced lidar stations operating to provide a quantitative climatological database of the horizontal, vertical and temporal distribution of aerosols over Europe. Aerosol backscatter measurements were performed at both 355 nm and 532 nm, while aerosol extinction coefficient was retrieved from simultaneous N2 Raman backscatter signals at 386.6 nm. The lidar measurements at IMAA have been performed according to a regular schedule of two night time measurements per week (around sunset) and one daytime measurement per week (around 13:00 UT). Further measurements were devoted to observe special events such as Saharan dust, forest fires and volcanic eruptions. A statistical analysis on climatological aerosol extinction-to-backscatter ratio (lidar ratio) data, covering more than three years of systematic lidar observations, has been carried out. These lidar ratio data, in conjunction with an analysis on the air masses backtrajectories, provide information on microphysical properties of the aerosol on a wide range of meteorological conditions. Results obtained starting from both climatological data and special events (Saharan dust and volcanic eruptions) are presented and discussed.
Bioindicators and Biomarkers of Environmental Pollution and Risk Assessment

Introduction and difference between definition of bioindicators and biomarkers evolution of bioindicators and biomarkers aquatic environment quality monitoring impact of pollutants on bioindicator species bioindicators of aquatic pollution biomarkers of pollution for risk assessment eco-toxicology - a new era of research and bioassays for risk assessment molecular mechanisms of toxicants - pollution fingerprints environment toxicology and biomonitoring.
DETECTION OF WETLAND DYNAMICS WITH ENVISAT ASAR IN SUPPORT OF MET HANE MODELLING IN HIGH LATITUDES

Wetland dynamics play an important role for methane release in high latitudes. Inundation as well as changes in surface wetness at local to regional scale can be detected using especially SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) data. Acquisitions available from ENVISAT ASAR are assessed for their potential for regular wetland monitoring at high latitudes within the ESA STSE project ’ALANIS - Methane’. Open water surfaces larger than approximately two ha can be identified using a simple threshold-based classification applied to the normalized ENVISAT ASAR wide swath (WS) data. Specular reflection from calm water surfaces which results in low backscatter enables a straight forward identification of inundation in areas with limited vegetation coverage. Open peatland can also be identified with SAR due to their higher moisture content and thus higher backscatter. Both backscatter mechanisms are exploited for intra-seasonal wetland monitoring in Northern Eurasia for ALANIS Methane. Inter-annual variations of inundation are also derived at selected sites in boreal/arctic environment as part of the ESA DUE Permafrost project. This paper especially discusses limitations due to sampling frequency and the potential for improvements of regional scale wetland detection approaches. 1
Daily Associations Between Alcohol Consumption and Antiretroviral Therapy ( ART ) Adherence Among HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex With

transmit HIV when virally suppressed on antiretroviral therapy (ART; 2, 3, 4, 5). Current estimates suggest that only 49% of PWH are retained in care, and of those, only 53% are virally suppressed (1). Among MSM with HIV, these estimates are similar – 48% are retained in care, and 52% are virally suppressed (1). Interventions to improve ART adherence and viral suppression are thus essential for curbing HIV incidence. The optimal adherence level for achieving viral suppression has conventionally been considered 95% (6), however, newer ART regimens are more robust and 80-90% adherence is sufficient for sustained viral suppression (6, 7). One of the strongest predictors of suboptimal ART adherence is alcohol and other substance use (8, 9). Indeed, PWH who are at-risk drinkers, compared to those who abstain, experience a significantly increased risk for suboptimal adherence to ART (9, 10) and lack of viral suppression (11). Compared to the general population, MSM engage in higher rates of heavy episodic drinking (≥ 5 drinks on a single day at least once per week; 12), and among PWH, MSM engage in the Introduction
ASSESSING ENGAGEMENT AND SATISFACTION IN TWO RELATIONAL AGENT INTERVENTIONS FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SUN PROTECTION

Relational agent (RA) health interventions are slowly becoming part of the health behavior change field. The current assessed participants’ experience in a 12month long internet and RA intervention for physical activity (PA) and sun protection, using primarily a qualitative approach. Two groups were recruited. Group 1 consisted of participants who completed the intervention. Group 2 consisted of participants who accessed the intervention only two or three times. Thirty-four participants were recruited for group1 and eight participants for group 2. A standardized semistructured open-ended interview was used for data collection. Two interview scripts were developed and consisted of twenty-five questions (group1) and ten questions (group 2) that assessed different components of participants’ experiences with the program, including motivation, engagement, satisfaction/dissatisfaction, interaction with a RA, and behavior change. Manifest content analysis and latent content analysis were used to assess participants’ responses. An analysis of variance was used to assess levels of satisfaction between men and women. The study results showed, overall, participants in group 1 were motivated, satisfied with the intervention, liked the relational agent and reported behavior change in PA and sun protection. Conversely, most participants in group 2 were dissatisfied with the intervention, disliked the RA and reported no behavior change. No gender effect was noted for satisfaction. The implications of these results, including the importance of RA intervention and qualitative methods in health behavior change, are discussed.
Brooyar Rochshelter: a late Holocene seasonal hunting camp from southeast Queensland

This paper details the results of an excavation undertaken at Brooyar Rockshelter, southeast Queensland during August 1987. Â The Rockshelter was excavated as part of a larger research project focused upon the adjacent coastal region of Cooloola (McNiven 1985). Â The excavation had two main aims. Â The first was to establish a chronological framework for backed blades in the Gympie-Cooloola region, thus providing insight into the antiquity of non-stratified open sites with backed blades in the region (e.g. sandblow sites at Cooloola - McNiven 1895:15, 26, 28) (cf. Hiscock 1986). Â The second aim was to obtain comparative information on subsistence activities located in the hinterland region of Cooloola.
Dynamic Structure Embedded Online Multiple-Output Regression for Streaming Data

Online multiple-output regression is an important machine learning technique for modeling, predicting, and compressing multi-dimensional correlated data streams. In this paper, we propose a novel online multiple-output regression method, called MORES, for streaming data. MORES can dynamically learn the structure of the regression coefficients to facilitate the model’s continuous refinement. Considering that limited expressive ability of regression models often leading to residual errors being dependent, MORES intends to dynamically learn and leverage the structure of the residual errors to improve the prediction accuracy. Moreover, we introduce three modified covariance matrices to extract necessary information from all the seen data for training, and set different weights on samples so as to track the data streams’ evolving characteristics. Furthermore, an efficient algorithm is designed to optimize the proposed objective function, and an efficient online eigenvalue decomposition algorithm is developed for the modified covariance matrix. Finally, we analyze the convergence of MORES in certain ideal condition. Experiments on two synthetic datasets and three real-world datasets validate the effectiveness and efficiency of MORES. In addition, MORES can process at least 2,000 instances per second (including training and testing) on the three real-world datasets, more than 12 times faster than the state-of-the-art online learning algorithm.
The effect of truncation on prion-like properties of (cid:2) -synuclein

Lewy bodies can spread in a prion-like manner. Although the initial (cid:2) S nuclei are pivotal in determining (cid:2) S fibril polymorphs and resulting phenotypes, it is not clear how the initial fibril seeds are generated. Previous studies have shown that (cid:2) S truncation might have an important role in (cid:2) S aggregation. However, little is known about how this truncation influences (cid:2) S’s propagation properties. In the present study, we generated (cid:2) S fibrils from a series of truncated human (cid:2) S constructs, characterized their structures and conformational stabilities, and investigated their ability to convert the conformation of full-length (cid:2) S in vitro , in cultured cells, and in WT mice. We show that both C- and N-terminal truncations of human (cid:2) S induce fibril polymorphs and exhibit different cross-seeding activities. more, the N-terminally 10- or 30-residue–truncated human (cid:2) S fibrils have lower conformational stability than WT human (cid:2) S fibrils. As a result, these fibrils propagate effectively in WT mice. The C-terminally 20-residue– truncatedfibrilsshowenhancedseedingactivity invitro ,butreducedseeding activity in cell model and mouse model. There is no direct correlation between in vitro and in vivo propagation activities.
ESTIMATION OF DAILY AREA-AVERAGE RAINFALL IN CENTRAL FLORIDA USING ARITHMETIC AVERAGING AND KRIGING

Results are compared of using arithmetic averaging and kriging to estimate daily area-average rainfall during the summer 1991 Convection and Precipitation/Electrification Experiment (CaPE) in central Florida, where convective rainstorms often produce rain-fields of high spatial variability. Four kriging methods were applied: ordinary kriging using exponential and spherical semivariograms and universal kriging using linear and quadratic trends. The following results were obtained. First, the differences between daily area-average rainfall estimated by arithmetic averaging and kriging are statistically insignificant when the arithmetic mean is less than 12 mm. Second, for days with daily arithmetic means. Third, kriging estimates for daily area-average rainfall are insensitive to spatial resolution among grid spacing varying from 500 m to 20 km. Fourth, universal kriging with quadratic trends provides the best estimate of daily rainfall at a given location among the four kriging methods. [Key words: area-average rainfall, kriging, CaPE, Florida. ]
Earthquake monitoring using fiber laser borehole seismometer

In this paper we report the earthquake monitoring using a fiber laser borehole seismometer. A fiber laser based accelerometer is used in the seismometer to detect the earthquake induced acceleration. Due to the ultra-narrow line width of the fiber laser (up to several kHz), an equivalent noise level of 50 ng can be achieved when using a fiber optic interferometric method. The fiber laser borehole seismometer is installed in a 400 m depth hole in Yunnan Province. A micro-earthquake (M=1.2) in Puer area is detected.
Reply to Mokany et al: Comprehensive measures of biodiversity are critical to investigations of ecosystem multifunctionality.

Society values landscapes that reliably provide many ecosystem functions. As the study of ecosystem functioning expands to include more locations, time spans, and functions, the functional importance of individual species is becoming more apparent. However, the functional importance of individual species does not necessarily translate to the functional importance of biodiversity measured in whole communities of interacting species. Furthermore, ecological diversity at scales larger than neighbor-hood species richness could also in ﬂ uence the provision of multiple functions over extended time scales. We created experimental landscapes based on whole communities from the world ’ s lon-gest running biodiversity-functioning ﬁ eld experiment to investi-gate how local species richness ( α diversity), distinctness among communities ( β diversity), and larger scale species richness ( γ diversity) affected eight ecosystem functions over 10 y. Using both threshold-based and unique multifunctionality metrics, we found that α diversity had strong positive effects on most individual functions and multifunctionality, and that positive effects of β and γ diversity emerged only when multiple functions were considered simultaneously. Higher β diversity also reduced the variability in multifunctionality. Thus, in addition to conserving important species, maintaining ecosystem multifunctionality will require diverse landscape mosaics of diverse communities.
Scaling Up Kernel SVM on Limited Resources: A Low-Rank Linearization Approach

Kernel support vector machines (SVMs) deliver state-of-the-art results in many real-world nonlinear classification problems, but the computational cost can be quite demanding in order to maintain a large number of support vectors. Linear SVM, on the other hand, is highly scalable to large data but only suited for linearly separable problems. In this paper, we propose a novel approach called low-rank linearized SVM to scale up kernel SVM on limited resources. Our approach transforms a nonlinear SVM to a linear one via an approximate empirical kernel map computed from efficient kernel low-rank decompositions. We theoretically analyze the gap between the solutions of the approximate and optimal rank- $k$ kernel map, which in turn provides guidance on the sampling scheme of the Nyström approximation. Furthermore, we extend it to a semisupervised metric learning scenario in which partially labeled samples can be exploited to further improve the quality of the low-rank embedding. Our approach inherits rich representability of kernel SVM and high efficiency of linear SVM. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach is more robust and achieves a better tradeoff between model representability and scalability against state-of-the-art algorithms for large-scale SVMs.
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Interleukin-5 expression the lung epithelium transgenic mice pulmonary changes pathognomonic of asthma. We have generated transgenic mice that constitutively express murine interleukin (IL)-5 in the lung epithelium. Airway expression of this cytokine resulted in a dramatic accumulation of peribronchial eosinophils and striking pathologic changes including the expansion of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), goblet cell hyperplasia, epithelial hypertrophy, and focal collagen deposition. These changes were also accompanied by eosinophil infiltration of the airway lumen. In addition, transgenic animals displayed airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in the absence of aerosolized antigen challenge. These findings demonstrate that lung-specific IL-5 expression can induce pathologic changes characteristic of asthma and may provide useful models to evaluate the efficacy of potential respiratory disease therapies or pharmaceuticals.
The canonical analysis applied to the taxonomy and evolution of the genus Timarcha Latr. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)

Los resultados obtenidos mediante el Analisis Canonico en 32 muestras poblacionales pertenecientes a 24 taxones, que corresponden a 14 grupos de Bechyne (1948), proporcionan pruebas acerca del estado taxonomico y evolutivo en multiples taxones de Timarcha. Los datos biometricos se interpretan principalmente junto a los de la sistematica morfologica y de la cariologia. En general, se ha demostrado concordancia entre la biometria y los otros aspectos, excepto en algunos casos. Se detecta un acentuado parentesco biometrico entre el conjunto de taxones relacionados con T. goettingensis. Este conjunto comprende los antiguos grupos de Bechyne: T. goettingensis, T. monticola, T. recticollis, T. fallax, T. geniculata y T. perezi. Como todos estos taxones manifiestan una fuerte homogeneidad genetica y una variacion gradual en los caracteres medidos, parece claro que no pueden ser especies independientes. Esta situacion se explica adecuadamente considerando varias clinas interrelacionadas, aunque algunos taxones aislados pueden mostrar posiblemente un cierto grado de interesterilidad sexual. Las restantes especies no incluidas en este conjunto se separan con claridad pero a su vez derivan probablemente de el en varias lineas fileticas. Este analisis biometrico demuestra tambien algunos ejemplos de convergencia entre especies sin una homologia genetica estrecha.
Limiting Cardiac Ischemic Injury by Pharmacological Augmentation of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor– AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Transduction

that focused on the MIF tautomerase site has led to the discovery of not only small-molecule MIF antagonists, Background —Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) exerts a protective effect on ischemic myocardium by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Small molecules that increase the affinity of MIF for its receptor have been recently designed, and we hypothesized that such agonists may enhance AMPK activation and limit ischemic tissue injury. Methods and Results —Treatment of cardiomyocytes with the candidate MIF agonist, MIF20, augmented AMPK phosphorylation, increased by 50% the surface localization of glucose transporter, and enhanced by 25% cellular glucose uptake in comparison with MIF alone. In mouse hearts perfused with MIF20 before no-flow ischemia and reperfusion, postischemic left ventricular function improved commensurately with an increase in cardiac MIF-AMPK activation and an augmentation in myocardial glucose uptake. By contrast, small-molecule MIF agonism was not effective in cells or tissues genetically deficient in MIF or the MIF receptor, verifying the specificity of MIF20 for MIF-dependent AMPK signaling. The protective effect of MIF20 also was evident in an in vivo regional ischemia model. Mice treated with MIF20 followed by left coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion showed a significant reduction in infarcted myocardium. Conclusions —These data support the pharmacological utility of small-molecule MIF agonists in enhancing AMPK activation and reducing cardiac ischemic injury. ( Circulation . 2013;128:225-236.) containing 7 mmol/L 1% bovine serum albumin, and 0.4 mmol/L oleate. For the ex vivo ischemic model, the buffer flow was cut off for 25 minutes, and the were reperfused with the same rate of buffer flow during reperfusion. For MIF agonism studies, mouse hearts were stabilized for 15 minutes and then treated with 8 nmol/L MIF20 for 15 minutes before ischemia induction. The LabChart6 software (AD Instruments, Colorado Springs, CO) was used to monitor the heart rate and left ventricle pressure. After 30 minutes of reperfusion, the heart tissues were freeze clamped for further immunoblotting analysis. For glucose uptake measurement, the rate of cardiac glucose transport was measured by the amount of tritiated water generated from [2- 3 H] glucose and released into the coronary effluent.
NH 2 -terminal Deletion of (cid:98) -Catenin Results in Stable Colocalization of Mutant (cid:98) -Catenin with Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein and Altered MDCK Cell Adhesion

(cid:98) -Catenin is essential for the function of cadherins, a family of Ca 2 (cid:49) -dependent cell–cell adhesion molecules, by linking them to (cid:97) -catenin and the actin cytoskeleton. (cid:98) -Catenin also binds to adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein, a cytosolic protein that is the product of a tumor suppressor gene mutated in colorectal adenomas. We have expressed mutant (cid:98) -catenins in MDCK epithelial cells to gain insights into the regulation of (cid:98) -catenin distribution between cadherin and APC protein complexes and the functions of these complexes. Full-length (cid:98) -catenin, (cid:98) -catenin mutant proteins with NH 2 -terminal deletions before ( (cid:68) N90) or after ( (cid:68) N131, (cid:68) N151) the (cid:97) -catenin binding site, or a mutant (cid:98) -catenin with a COOH-terminal deletion ( (cid:68) C) were expressed in MDCK cells under the control of the tetracycline-repressible
Seasonal probability of precipitation forecasts using a weighted ensemble approach

A weighted ensemble (WE) method is revisited and employed to issue an improved seasonal probability of precipitation (POP) forecast. Nine boreal summer time seasonal precipitation hindcasts obtained from the APEC (Asia‐Pacific Economic Cooperation) Climate Center (APCC) multi‐model ensemble system are used to assess the suitability of the WE approach for seasonal POP predictions. Owing to its performance‐based selective nature for assigning weights, the WE method produced marginally superior seasonal POP forecasts compared to the conventional approach. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Moment tensor inversion of small earthquakes in southwestern Germany for the fault plane solution

SUMMARY The amplitudes of direct P- and S-waves as well as P,, and other deep crustal body-wave phases from events in southwestern Germany are studied for the effects of the double-couple earthquake radiation pattern. The direct P- and S-wave amplitudes for six earthquakes in the southern Black Forest of West Germany with magnitudes between 2.2 and 0.5 were inverted for the source moment tensor, and the double-couple components were extracted from the solutions and refined by a further inversion. The inversion focal mechanisms using both P- and S-wave amplitudes were quite consistent with those found from a large set of first motion readings, even when very different crustal models were used. For the events at or above magnitude 1.4, inversions using only direct P-wave amplitudes also yielded good focal mechanisms. Furthermore, the vertical component record at a station at P,, distance from the largest of the events was successfully synthesized using local mechanisms representative of those found from the inversions. The phases modelled included P,,, PmP and several free-surface reflections. The effect of the earthquake radiation pattern was also noted in the amplitudes of the P,, arrivals of a set of azimuthally distributed stations for two other earthquakes. This study confirms that direct P and S amplitudes can be inverted for the source focal mechanism and suggests that deeper crustal phases, like P,,, PmP, etc., are also affected by the earthquake radiation pattern.