Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of 1-Glyceryl-1-myo-Inosityl Phosphate in Hyperthermophiles

ABSTRACT The accumulation of compatible solutes was studied in the hyperthermophilic bacterium Aquifex pyrophilus as a function of the temperature and the NaCl concentration of the growth medium. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of cell extracts revealed the presence of α- and β-glutamate, di-mannosyl-di-myo-inositol phosphate, di-myo-inositol phosphate, and an additional compound here identified as 1-glyceryl-1-myo-inosityl phosphate. All solutes accumulated by A. pyrophilus are negatively charged at physiological pH. The intracellular levels of di-myo-inositol phosphate increased in response to supraoptimal growth temperature, while α- and β-glutamate accumulated in response to osmotic stress, especially at growth temperatures below the optimum. The newly discovered compound, 1-glyceryl-1-myo-inosityl phosphate, appears to play a double role in osmo- and thermoprotection, since its intracellular pool increased primarily in response to a combination of osmotic and heat stresses. This work also uncovered the nature of the unknown compound, previously detected in Archaeoglobus fulgidus (L. O. Martins et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:896-902, 1997). The curious structural relationship between diglycerol phosphate (found only in Archaeoglobus species), di-myo-inositol phosphate (a canonical solute of hyperthermophiles), and the newly identified solute is highlighted. This is the first report on the occurrence of 1-glyceryl-1-myo-inosityl phosphate in living systems.
Scalable RDF triple store using summary of hashed information and Bit comparison

In this paper, we proposed a scalable RDF triple store for massive-scale RDF data that processes the SPARQL query with many join operations in efficient manner. Graph characteristic of RDF data model hinders scalable and efficient indexing and querying over RDF triples. To address the problem, our query processing uses the pruning algorithm based on Bit-structure and summarized information to minimize data-reading. Our approach guarantees scalability and flexibility even for massive-scale RDF data by storing RDF triples in distributed fashion, providing the modifiable structure, and optimizing memory footprint of usage. The experiments shows that our system is better performing for queries with many join operations while uses less memory footprints.
Software Component Interconnection Should Be Treated as a Distinct Design Problem

As the size and complexity of software systems grows, the identiication and proper management of interconnections among the pieces of the system becomes a central concern. Nevertheless , many programming languages and tools today still place an emphasis on representing components, leaving the description and management of component interdependencies implicit, or distributed among the components. This paper claims that this expressive shortcoming is one important factor that impedes widespread software reuse. It proposes a new perspective for designing software which elevates the representation and management of software component interdependencies to a distinct design problem, orthogonal to that of representing and implementing the core functional pieces of an application. The perspective calls for software description languages with clear distinctions between software components and their interconnection dependencies. It also calls for systematic taxonomies of software interconnection dependencies and sets of alternative protocols for managing them. Synthesis, a prototype software application development tool based on that perspective has been developed and used in order to minimize the manual eeort required to integrate independently developed components into new applications.
Public Health Preparedness and Response to Chemical and Radiological Incidents

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Real-time multiple people tracking using competitive condensation

The CONDENSATION algorithm is attractive as it has robust tracking performance and potential for real-time implementation. However the CONDENSATION tracker has difficulty with real-time implementation for multiple people tracking since it requires complicated shape model and large number of samples for precise tracking performance. This paper presents two improvements for real-time multiple object tracking: the discrete shape model with a small search space and the competition rule which requires a small number of samples to track multiple people. We show that they achieve robust and real-time tracking for image sequences of a crowd of people.
Viral reassortment and transmission after co-infection of pigs with classical H1N1 and triple-reassortant H3N2 swine influenza viruses

Triple-reassortant swine influenza viruses circulating in North American pigs contain the internal genes derived from swine (matrix, non-structural and nucleoprotein), human [polymerase basic 1 (PB1)] and avian (polymerase acidic and PB2) influenza viruses forming a constellation of genes that is well conserved and is called the triple-reassortant internal gene (TRIG) cassette. In contrast, the external genes [haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)] are less conserved, reflecting multiple reassortant events that have produced viruses with different combinations of HA and NA genes. This study hypothesized that maintenance of the TRIG cassette confers a selective advantage to the virus. To test this hypothesis, pigs were co-infected with the triple-reassortant H3N2 A/Swine/Texas/4199-2/98 (Tx/98) and the classical H1N1 A/Swine/Iowa/15/1930 viruses and co-housed with a group of sentinel animals. This direct contact group was subsequently moved into contact with a second group of naïve animals. Four different subtypes (H1N1, H1N2, H3N1 and H3N2) of influenza virus were identified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collected from the lungs of the experimentally infected pigs, with most of the viruses containing TRIG from the Tx/98 virus. Interestingly, only the intact H3N2 Tx/98 virus was transmitted from the infected pigs to the direct-contact animals and from them to the second contact group of pigs. These results demonstrated that multiple reassortments can occur within a host; however, only specific gene constellations are readily transmissible. It was concluded that certain HA and NA gene pairs, in conjunction with the TRIG cassette, may have a competitive advantage over other combinations for transmission and maintenance in swine.
Leveraging the Attributes of Mucor hiemalis-Derived Silver Nanoparticles for a Synergistic Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Platform

Driven by the need to engineer robust surface coatings for medical devices to prevent infection and sepsis, incorporation of nanoparticles has surfaced as a promising avenue to enhance non-fouling efficacy. Microbial synthesis of such nanoscale metallic structures is of substantive interest as this can offer an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable route for further development. Here we present a Mucor hiemalis-derived fungal route for synthesis of silver nanoparticles, which display significant antimicrobial properties when tested against six pathological bacterial strains (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas brassicacearum, Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus) and three pathological fungal strains (Candida albicans, Fusarium oxysporum, and Aspergillus flavus). These antimicrobial attributes were comparable to those of established antibiotics (streptomycin, tetracycline, kanamycin, and rifampicin) and fungicides (amphotericin B, fluconazole, and ketoconazole), respectively. Importantly, these nanoparticles show significant synergistic characteristics when combined with the antibiotics and fungicides to offer substantially greater resistance to microbial growth. The blend of antibacterial and antifungal properties, coupled with their intrinsic “green” and facile synthesis, makes these biogenic nanoparticles particularly attractive for future applications in nanomedicine ranging from topical ointments and bandages for wound healing to coated stents.
Visual analytics of EA data

An experimental analysis of evolutionary algorithms usually generates a huge amount of multidimensional data, including numeric and symbolic data. It is difficult to efficiently navigate in such a set of data, for instance to be able to tune the parameters or evaluate the efficiency of some operators. Usual features of existing EA visualisation systems consist in visualising time- or generation-dependent curves (fitness, diversity, or other statistics). When dealing with genomic information, the task becomes even more difficult, as a convenient visualisation strongly depends on the considered fitness landscape. In this latter case the raw data are usually sets of successive populations of points of a complex multidimensional space. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the potential interest of a recent visual analytics tool for navigating in complex sets of EA data, and to sketch future developements of this tool, in order to better adapt it to the needs of EA experimental analysis.
Transition and Justice: Negotiating the Terms of New Beginnings in Africa

Transition and Justice examines a series of cases from across the African continent where peaceful ‘new beginnings’ were declared after periods of violence and where transitional justice institutions helped define justice and the new socio-political order. Offers a new perspective on transition and justice in Africa transcending the institutional limits of transitional justice Covers a wide range of situations, and presents a broad range of sites where past injustices are addressed Examines cases where peaceful ‘new beginnings’ have been declared after periods of violence Addresses fundamental questions about transitions and justice in societies characterized by a high degree of external involvement and internal fragmentation
Application-specific dynamic policy rules (ASDPR) for J2ME

In recent years, many innovations were introduced to make mobile devices more flexible, effective, functional, and smaller which led to their ubiquity and dependence of users on their availability. Java-based mobile devices have become mainstream appliances, hence Java security has become the center of attention of a lot of researches aimed to investigate and enhance the Java security model. In this paper, we propose a new framework for enhancing run-time security for applications on mobile devices by providing dynamic policies for independently controlling each application based on the historical usage of this application. A user can control the behavior of each application and the policy rules can grow dynamically during execution. Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) is used as a case study and vehicle to demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework. Preliminary performance evaluation experiments show acceptable memory allocation and application execution time overhead.
Map-optimized probabilistic traffic rule evaluation

Current traffic rule handling in autonomous driving relies on non-scalable methods such as explicitly hard-coding sets of logical statements to evaluate rules. This is sufficient for early prototypes but is not scalable for larger systems designed to work in arbitrary locations. Such methods can also become problematic when traversing different geographical entities with changing traffic rules. Additionally, they do not adequately convey the uncertainty of the traffic rule evaluation stemming from uncertainty in sensor measurements. We propose an exchangeable traffic rules module which takes a knowledge base of sentences in first-order logic as input. These sentences consist of a limited number of high-level queries which are independent of local jurisdiction (e.g. can I turn right? ). The knowledge base is then compiled into a potentially large logic graph. However, only a relatively small subset of the knowledge base is relevant for specific road geometries (e.g. some of the rules applicable to an intersection is not relevant for a T-junction). Since detailed road maps are available for autonomous driving, this information can be used to resolve these subsets in the knowledge base which only require map knowledge. Therefore, map information can be used to convert a single, large logic graph into a set of smaller, map-optimized logic graphs pruned for specific road geometries. The optimized graphs are then converted into Bayesian networks to facilitate probabilistic inference. Experiments were conducted using a traffic and scenario simulation framework. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in performance when using map-optimized logic graphs over a traditional first-order logic knowledge base.
Childbirth and cohort effects on mothers' labour supply: a comparative study using life history data for Germany, the Netherlands and Great Britain

The negative effect of childbirth on mothers’ labour supply is well documented, though most studies examine only the short-term effects. This study uses retrospective life history data for Germany, the Netherlands and Great Britain to investigate the long-term effects of childbirth on mothers’ labour supply for successive birth cohorts. Probit estimates with correction for selection into motherhood and the number of births show strong drops in participation before first childbirths and strong recovery after the birth of the last child, especially in Great Britain. Younger cohorts display a less sharp decline in participation around childbirth and a faster increase in participation in the 20 years after childbirth, especially in the Netherlands. However, mothers’ participation rates do not return to pre-birth levels in any of the countries studied here. Labour market conditions and institutional public support seem to contribute to explaining the cross-country variation in participation after childbirth.
Investigation of Multimedia Transmission Property-Based Wireless Multimedia Technologies

With the emergence of broadband wireless networks and increasing demand of multimedia information on the internet, wireless multimedia services are foreseen to become widely deployed in the next decade. However, wireless channels are unreliable and the channel bandwidth varies with time, which may cause severe degradation to the quality of the transmitted multimedia content. In addition, for image and video transmission, the heterogeneity of receivers makes it difficult to achieve efficiency and flexibility. The issue of guaranteeing the quality of multimedia is to be well solved. In this research topic, we aim to study distributed transmission and error protection schemes for multimedia transmission over wireless networks based on the multimedia transmission property. The main issues to be studied we are interested include: 1) Analyzing multimedia transmission property; 2) Building efficient analytical models for multimedia transmission property; 3) Designing distributed, adaptive and fine grained transmission and error protection schemes. Index Terms wireless, quality of service, scalable video, adaptive services I. PREFACE The importance of visual communications has increased tremendously in the last few decades. The progress in microelectronics and computer technology, together with the creation of networks operating with various channel capacities, is the basis of an infrastructure of a new era of telecommunications. New applications are preparing a revolution in the everyday life of our modern society. Emerging applications such as desktop video conferencing, mobile terminals, and Internet-based audio-visual communications have a great impact on modern professional life, education, and entertainment. Visual information is one of the richest but also most bandwidth-consuming modes of communication. In my personal opinion, four subjects will determine the future of communications, these are: Multimedia Applications, Mobile and Wireless, IP & Networks and Photonic Networks. Therefore as a communication engineer to stay ahead with the most modern communications technologies, it is advisable to stay tuned with one of those subjects. Our project is emphasizing mainly on multimedia transmission technologies through wireless networks. Modern signal processing techniques and network adaptation techniques shall be used to design multimedia system with improved performance and flexibility. The following few pages give you an introduction to the project and will describe for you some of the major hot issues in the project. Furthermore, simulation results are presented to prove our proposed techniques. The work is sponsored by Project 60202005 Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China. I
Changes in the ratio of free NEDD8 to ubiquitin triggers NEDDylation by ubiquitin enzymes

Ubiquitin and UBL (ubiquitin-like) modifiers are small proteins that covalently modify other proteins to alter their properties or behaviours. Ubiquitin modification (ubiquitylation) targets many substrates, often leading to their proteasomal degradation. NEDD8 (neural-precursor-cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated 8) is the UBL most closely related to ubiquitin, and its best-studied role is the activation of CRLs (cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases) by its conjugation to a conserved C-terminal lysine residue on cullin proteins. The attachment of UBLs requires three UBL-specific enzymes, termed E1, E2 and E3, which are usually well insulated from parallel UBL pathways. In the present study, we report a new mode of NEDD8 conjugation (NEDDylation) whereby the UBL NEDD8 is linked to proteins by ubiquitin enzymes in vivo. We found that this atypical NEDDylation is independent of classical NEDD8 enzymes, conserved from yeast to mammals, and triggered by an increase in the NEDD8 to ubiquitin ratio. In cells, NEDD8 overexpression leads to this type of NEDDylation by increasing the concentration of NEDD8, whereas proteasome inhibition has the same effect by depleting free ubiquitin. We show that bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor used in cancer therapy, triggers atypical NEDDylation in tissue culture, which suggests that a similar process may occur in patients receiving this treatment.
Load Balancing in WSN using Node Degree Ratio based Algorithm

network is a network with large number of sensors nodes. Each sensor node is defined with some energy parameters. The energy of every node is limited and irreplaceable. With each communication over the network some amount of energy is lost. One of network architecture defined in sensor network is the multiple gateway based architecture. According to this architecture, complete network is divided in smaller area segments and each segment is controlled by a gateway node. Sensor nodes communicate with the base station via the gateway. Each node can be defined in sensing range of one or more gateway nodes. One of the challenging tasks in such network is the effective deployment of nodes over the network. These sensor nodes are defined with energy specification. While defining these network types, the protocol specification is required. This protocol is actually responsible for the communication over the senor network. In this paper, We propose an algorithm for an improved load balanced gateway architecture. A restriction is imposed on a particular type of nodes present in the cluster. An energy effective load balancing approach is suggested to generate the gateway network and to control the communication over the network. The selection of gateway is done using the energy and probability parameters.
Influence of scintillation on quality of ozone monitoring by GOMOS

Stellar light passing through the Earth atmosphere is affected by refractive effects, which should be taken into account in retrievals from stellar occultation measurements. Scintillation caused by air density irregularities is a nuisance for retrievals of atmospheric composition. In this paper, we consider the influence of scintillation on stellar occultation measurements and on the quality of ozone retrievals from these measurements, based on experience of the GOMOS (Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars) instru- ment on board the Envisat satellite. In GOMOS retrievals, the scintillation effect is corrected using scintillation measurements by the fast photometer. We present quantitative estimates of the current scintillation cor- rection quality and of the impact of scintillation on ozone re- trievals by GOMOS. The analysis has shown that the present scintillation correction efficiently removes the distortion of transmission spectra caused by scintillations, which are gen- erated by anisotropic irregularities of air density. The im- pact of errors of dilution and anisotropic scintillation correc- tion on the quality of ozone retrievals is negligible. How- ever, the current scintillation correction is not able to remove the wavelength-dependent distortion of transmission spec- tra caused by isotropic scintillations, which can be present in off-orbital-plane occultations. This distortion may result in ozone retrieval errors of 0.5-1.5% at altitudes 20-40 km. This contribution constitutes a significant percentage of the total error for bright stars. The advanced inversion methods that can minimize the influence of scintillation correction er- ror are also discussed.
Remission of nephrotic-range albuminuria in type 1 diabetic patients.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cumulative incidence of nephrotic-range albuminuria (NRA), the frequency of remission, and the impact on progression, we analyzed data from a prospective cohort study of type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS All of the albuminuric type 1 diabetic patients (n = 321, 121 women), who had at least yearly measurements of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with a (51)Cr-EDTA plasma clearance technique and were followed for at least 3 years, were evaluated. NRA, defined as persistent albuminuria >2,500 mg/24 h, occurred in 126 patients (35 women) aged (mean +/- SD) 34 +/- 8 years, with duration of diabetes 22 +/- 8 years and follow-up time from onset of NRA (median [range]) 8.7 (3.0-20.9) years. Remission of NRA was defined as sustained albuminuria <600 mg/24 h for at least 1 year. RESULTS The cumulative incidence of NRA was 39%. Remission was induced in 28 of 126 (22%) patients; 21 were predominantly treated with ACE inhibitors, 7 with non-ACE inhibitor medications. Remission lasted 3.6 (1.0-18.1) years. More women (37%) than men (16%) obtained remission (P = 0.01). In the remission group compared with the no-remission group, mean arterial blood pressure (mean +/- SEM) was reduced (102 +/- 1 vs. 106 +/- 1 mmHg, P < 0.01), the rate of decline in GFR was diminished (3.8 +/- 0.6 vs. 7.5 +/- 0.5 ml x min(-1) x year(-1), P < 0.001), and serum cholesterol was lower (5.3 +/- 0.2 vs. 6.1 +/- 0.1 mmol/l, P < 0.01) during the whole follow-up period. No difference in glycemic control was found between groups (HbA(1c) 9.2 vs. 9.4%, NS). CONCLUSIONS In contrast to observations made before the use of antihypertensive treatment, our prospective observational study suggests that aggressive antihypertensive treatment with and without ACE inhibitors can induce long-lasting remission in a sizeable fraction of type 1 diabetic patients with NRA. The group of patients obtaining remission is characterized by slow progression of diabetic nephropathy and improved cardiovascular risk profile.