Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mixing between Stellar Envelope and Core in Advanced Phases of Evolution. III Stellar Core of Initial Mass 1.5M

As a continuation of the preceding papers of this series, evolution of stellar core of initial mass 1.5 M0 is studied, starting from helium-burning phase. This core is assumed to have been formed as a result of hydrogen burning of the star of mass around 6 M0. When neutrino loss due to the universal Fermi interaction is taken into account, electrons become degenerate in a central region of the core after exhaustion of helium. In this respect, evolution of our core of mass 1.5 M0 is different from ones of mass greater than 3 M0 which have been studied in the preceding paper of this series. In the phase of contracting carbon-oxygen core with neutrino loss, a surface convection zone in hydrogen-rich envelope penetrates into the core, and the core mass is reduced to 1.07 M0 by mixing. Because of cooling by neutrinos, temperature is maximum in an outlying shell of the core. Then, two carbon-shell flashes take place successively in the outlying shell. Convective zone, which appears in the carbon-oxygen core, dose not reach the outer edge of the core. After the carbon-shell flashes, the core is cooled down. Simultaneously, hydrogen-shell burning becomes active, and the convective envelope penetrates into the core. It is suggested that hydrogen is depleted uniformly in the envelope until the star comes to have a helium envelope.
Phase-Locking Dynamics in Coupled Circle-Map Lattices

The phase-locking dynamics in 1D and 2D lattices of non-identical coupled circle maps is explored. A global phase locking can be attained via a cascade of clustering processes with the increase of the coupling strength. Collective spatiotemporal dynamics is observed when a global phase locking is reached. Crisis-induced desynchronization is found, and its consequent spatiotemporal chaos is studied.
Terrain Influences on Synoptic Storm Structure and Mesoscale Precipitation Distribution during IPEX IOP3

Abstract The influence of topography on the evolution of a winter storm over the western United States and distribution of precipitation over northern Utah are examined using data collected during the third intensive observing period (IOP3) of the Intermountain Precipitation Experiment (IPEX). The analysis is based on high-density surface observations collected by the MesoWest cooperative networks, special radiosonde observations, wind profiler observations, Next-Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) data, and conventional data. A complex storm evolution was observed, beginning with frontal distortion and low-level frontolysis as a surface occluded front approached the Sierra Nevada. As the low-level occluded front weakened, the associated upper-level trough moved over the Sierra Nevada and overtook a lee trough. The upper-level trough, which was forward sloping and featured more dramatic moisture than temperature gradients, then moved across Nevada with a weak surface reflection as a pressure trough. Over no.
Genomic landscape of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients with methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) loss

Introduction: Homozygous deletion of MTAP upregulates de novo synthesis of purine (DNSP) and increases the proliferation of neoplastic cells. This increases the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to DNSP inhibitors such as methotrexate, L-alanosine and pemetrexed. Materials and Methods: 7,301 cases of MBC underwent hybrid-capture based comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP). Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was determined on up to 1.1 Mb of sequenced DNA and microsatellite instability (MSI) was determined on 114 loci. Tumor cell PD-L1 expression was determined by IHC (Dako 22C3). Results: 208 (2.84%) of MBC featured MTAP loss. MTAP loss patients were younger (p = 0.002) and were more frequently ER− (30% vs. 50%; p < 0.0001), triple negative (TNBC) (47% vs. 27%; p < 0.0001) and less frequently HER2+ (2% vs. 8%; p = 0.0001) than MTAP intact MBC. Lobular histology and CDH1 mutations were more frequent in MTAP intact (14%) than MTAP loss MBC (p < 0.0001). CDKN2A (100%) and CDKN2B (97%) loss (9p21 co-deletion) were significantly associated with MTAP loss (p < 0.0001). Likely associated with the increased TNBC cases, BRCA1 mutation was also more frequent in MTAP loss MBC (10% vs. 4%; p < 0.0001). As for immune checkpoint inhibitors biomarkers, higher TMB >20 mut/Mb levels in the MTAP intact MBC (p < 0.0001) and higher PD-L1 low expression (1–49% TPS) in the MTAP loss MTAP (p = 0.002) were observed. Conclusions: MTAP loss in MBC has distinct clinical features with genomic alterations (GA) affecting both targeted and immunotherapies. Further efforts are necessary to identify alternative means of targeting PRMT5 and MTA2 in MTAP-ve cancers to benefit from the high-MTA environment of MTAP-deficient cancers.
Untargeted metabolomics analysis assisted by signal selection for comprehensively identifying metabolites of new psychoactive substances: 4-MeO-α-PVP as an example

New psychoactive substances (NPS) have been rapidly emerged as legal alternatives to controlled drugs, which raised severe public health issue. The detection and monitoring of its intake by complete metabolic profiling is an urgent and vital task. Untargeted metabolomics approach has been applied for several NPS metabolites studies. Although the number of such works is relatively limited but with a rapidly growing need. The present study aimed to propose a procedure that includes liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis and a signal selection software, MetaboFinder, programed as a web tool. The comprehensive metabolites profile of one kind of NPS, 4-methoxy-α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (4-MeO-α-PVP), was studied by using this workflow. In this study, two different concentrations of 4-MeO-α-PVP along with as blank sample were incubated with human liver S9 fraction for the conversion to their metabolites and followed by LC-MS analysis. After retention time alignment and feature identification, 4640 features were obtained and submitted to statistical analysis for signal selection by using MetaboFinder. A total of 50 features were considered as 4-MeO-α-PVP metabolite candidates showing significant changes (p < 0.00001 and fold change >2) between the two investigated groups. Targeted LC-MS/MS analysis was conducted focusing on these significantly expressed features. Assisted by chemical formula determination according to high mass accuracy and in silico MS2 fragmentation prediction, 19 chemical structure identifications were achieved. Among which, 8 metabolites have been reported derived from 4-MeO-α-PVP in a previous literature while 11 novel 4-MeO-α-PVP metabolites were identified by using our strategy. Further in vivo animal experiment confirmed that 18 compounds were 4-MeO-α-PVP metabolites, which demonstrated the feasibility of our strategy for screening the 4-MeO-α-PVP metabolites. We anticipate that this procedure may support and facilitate traditional metabolism studies and potentially being applied for routine NPS metabolites screening.
SOLVING LARGE ELECTROMAGNETIC PROBLEMS IN SMALL COMPUTERS: A REVIEW OF OUR WORK AT UPC

The aim of this paper is to review our activity in the last years in order to develop and/or implement accelerated techniques for the solution of large electromagnetic problems. We will restrict our attention to 3D integral equations formulation discretized by Method of Moments (MoM) Harrington (1), Rao, Wilton and Glisson (RWG) basis functions Rao et al. (2). 1. THE INTEGRAL EQUATION MEI (IE-MEI) A sparse matrix integral equation formulation was developed. The results for TM and TE 2D problems Rius et al. (3)(4) are excellent (Fig. 1), but the object must be of convex shape to avoid full sub-matrices Rius et al. (5). The implementation in 3D with RWG is neither accurate nor efficient Rius et. al (6).
Cayley Graphs of Semigroups and Applications to Hashing

Cayley Graphs of Semigroups and Applications to Hashing by Bianca Sosnovski Adviser: Vladimir Shpilrain In 1994, Tillich and Zémor proposed a scheme for a family of hash functions that uses products of matrices in groups of the form SL2(F2n). In 2009, Grassl et al. developed an attack to obtain collisions for palindromic bit strings by exploring a connection between the Tillich-Zémor functions and maximal length chains in the Euclidean algorithm for polynomials over F2. In this work, we present a new proposal for hash functions based on Cayley graphs of semigroups. In our proposed hash function, the noncommutative semigroup of linear functions under composition is considered as platform for the scheme. We will also discuss its efficiency, pseudorandomness and security features. Furthermore, we generalized the Fit-Florea and Matula’s algorithm (2004) that finds the discrete logarithm in the multiplicative group of integers modulo 2 by establishing a connection between semi-primitive roots modulo 2 where k ≥ 3 and the logarithmic base used in the algorithm.
The Processing of Chords in Tonal Melodic Sequences

A model is proposed for the On-Line Harmonic Processing (OLHP) of tonal melodic sequences in which each incoming tone is described in terms of its features Fittingness, compliance with the previous harmony, Uncertainty, ambiguity of a new harmony, and Chord Change, goodness of the connection between previous and new harmony. To test this model, in Experiment 1 listeners rated the musical logic of 10-tone sequences presented with an induced segmentation in tone groups of 3-3-3-1, and following an harmonic progression of I-target-V-I, respectively, with the harmonic functions I, II, III, IV, V, or VI inserted as target fragment. The results support the Chord Change feature of the model. In Experiment 2 these sequences were rated as tone-by-tone increasing fragments, starting from the initial 3 tones up to the complete sequence. The ratings of the incremental sequences supported the findings of the first experiment. The three features in the model explained 46.4 % of the variance in the target ratings, although Uncertainty seemed to have no effect. In a comparison with two other models OLHP model performed best. Finally, an aposteriori model consisting of Chord Change and a variable quantifying pitch proximity between consecutive tones accounted for a major part of the explained variance. It is concluded that listeners employ OLHP’s features in their representation of the sequences and that both harmony and pitch height are indispensable factors in a model of melody perception.
Traveltime computation by perturbation with FD-eikonal solvers in isotropic and weakly anisotropic media

First‐order perturbation theory is used for fast 2-D computation of traveltimes. For highest efficiency we implement the perturbation integrals into Vidale’s finite‐difference (FD) eikonal solver. Traveltimes in the unperturbed reference medium are computed with Vidale’s method, while perturbed traveltimes in a slightly deviating perturbed medium are obtained by adding a correction Δt to the traveltimes of the reference medium. To compute Δt, raypaths between source and receivers in the reference medium must be known. In Vidale’s method traveltimes are computed on a discrete grid assuming local plane wavefronts inside the grid cells. Rays are not determined in this method. Therefore, we suggest approximating rays by ray segments corresponding to the plane wavefronts in each cell. We compute Δt along these segments and obtain initial values for Δt at cell boundaries by linear interpolation between the corner points of the cells. The FD perturbation method can be used for simultaneous computations of travel.
Mechanics of non-Newtonian fluids

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Farey lines defining Farey diagrams and application to some discrete structures

The aim of the paper is to study some of the analytical properties of Farey diagrams of order (m,n), which are associated to the (m,n)-cubes, that is the pieces of discrete planes, occurring in discrete mathematics. We give a closed formula for the number of Farey lines defining Farey diagrams. This number asymptotically behaves as mn(m+n)=ζ(3). Then we establish the relation with some discrete structures in the field of discrete geometry in particular.
Room‐temperature operation of an InGaAsP double‐heterostructure laser emitting at 1.55 μm on a Si substrate

The room‐temperature operations of an InGaAsP double‐heterostructure (DH) laser emitting at 1.55 μm on a Si substrate is reported. A pulsed threshold current as low as 46 mA has been measured for a ridge waveguide laser with a 4 μm strip width and a 200 μm cavity length. This successful laser operation is due to the high crystalline quality of the DH structure with full width at half maximum of x‐ray rocking curves as low as 110 arcsec grown on a Si substrate by the organometallic vapor phase epitaxy/vapor mixing epitaxy hybrid method. A correlation between the optical property of an InGaAsP DH and its crystalline quality is also discussed.
Fast integral rigorous modeling applied to wafer topography effect prediction on 2x nm bulk technologies

Reflection by wafer topography and underlying layers during optical lithography can cause unwanted overexposure in the resist [1]. In most cases, the use of bottom anti reflective coating limits this effect. However, this solution is not always suitable because of process complexity, cost and cycle time penalty, as for ionic implantation lithography process in 28nm bulk technology. As a consequence, computational lithography solutions are currently under development to simulate and correct wafer topographical effects [2], [3]. For ionic implantation source drain (SD) photolithography step, wafer topography influences resulting in implant pattern variation are various: active silicon areas, Poly patterns, Shallow Trench Isolation (STI) and topographical transitions between these areas. In 28nm bulk SD process step, the large number of wafer stack variations involved in implant pattern modulation implies a complex modeling of optical proximity effects. Furthermore, those topography effects are expected to increase with wafer stack complexity through technology node downscaling evolution. In this context, rigorous simulation can bring significant value for wafer topography modeling evolution in R and D process development environment. Unfortunately, classical rigorous simulation engines are rapidly run time and memory limited with pattern complexity for multiple under layer wafer topography simulation. A presentation of a fast rigorous Maxwell’s equation solving algorithm integrated into a photolithography proximity effects simulation flow is detailed in this paper. Accuracy, run time and memory consumption of this fast rigorous modeling engine is presented through the simulation of wafer topography effects during ionic implantation SD lithography step in 28nm bulk technology. Also, run time and memory consumption comparison is shown between presented fast rigorous modeling and classical rigorous RCWA method through simulation of design of interest. Finally, integration opportunity of such fast rigorous modeling method into OPC flow is discussed in this paper.
PROJECTIVE METHODS FOR LAPLACIAN FIELDS

Non‐divergent and irrotational projection operators are proposed and implemented in a FORTRAN program for the direct vector solution of Laplacian electric and magnetic fields, using finite element approximations. It is shown that this approach, in addition to giving continuous electric and magnetic fields, yields far more accurate results compared to the regular potential formulations. Some properties of the matrices are derived.
The static deformation of a twisted elastic rod constrained to lie on a cylinder

The Cosserat director theory is used to formulate the problem of a long thin weightless rod constrained, by suitable distributed forces, to lie on a cylinder while being held by end tension and twisting moment. Applications of this problem are found, for instance, in the buckling of drill strings inside a cylindrical hole. In the case of a rod of isotropic cross‐section the equilibrium equations can be reduced to those of a one‐degree‐of‐freedom oscillator in terms of the angle that the local tangent to the rod makes with the axis of the cylinder. Depending on the radius of the cylinder and the applied load, the oscillator has several fixed points, each of which corresponds to a different helical solution of the rod. More complicated shapes are also possible, and special attention is given to localized configurations described by homoclinic orbits of the oscillator. Heteroclinic saddle connections are found to play an important role in the post‐buckling behaviour by defining critical loads at which a straight rod may coil up into a helix.
Successful DC recirculation of a 2 MeV electron beam at currents more than 0.1 ampere

The operation of a DC recirculation electron beam system is described. This system is a prototype for intermediate energy electron coolers, capable of cooling particle beams in the energy range between gamma =2 and gamma =20. In addition, this system can be altered to provide DC FEL (free-electron laser) radiation in the submillimeter wavelength region with average power output of 10 kW or greater. Ampere intensity beams with minimal losses now appear attainable, as the present system has been run at currents greater than 100 mA with losses of about 10 mu A. This corresponds to a combined beam transmission and collection efficiency of better than 99.99%. <<ETX>>
The van Cittert–Zernike theorem in pulse echo measurements

A classical theorem of statistical optics, the van Cittert–Zernike theorem, is generalized to pulse echo ultrasound. This theorem fully describes the second‐order statistics of the spatial fluctuations (the spatial covariance) of the field produced by an incoherent source. As a random scattering medium is insonified, it behaves as an incoherent source. The van Cittert–Zernike theorem can thus predict the spatial covariance of the pressure field backscattered by a random medium. It is shown that this spatial covariance and the incident energy diagram are Fourier pairs. In the case of a focused illumination, the spatial covariance of the backscattered pressure field is proportional to the autocorrelation of the transmitting aperture function. This is independent of frequency and of F/ number. Experimental results obtained with a linear array are in good agreement with theoretical expectations. The implications of this theorem in speckle reduction and in focusing in nonhomogenous media are discussed.
Statistics for Medical Students

(relative toxicities of radionuclides and collection of information designed to aid the determination of maximum permissible levels of radiation exposure). Discussion of the distribution and retention of nuclides and the extent and incidence of bone changes, including osteosarcoma, are supported by detailed pathological observations, radiographs and histological sections. From the foregoing, it will be realized that this book of 500 pages is the prerogative of the specialist mainly interested in the problems of alpha and beta radiations. However, probably to make the conference outward-looking, and certainly making wider reading, some 100 pages of more general biological effects of radiation have been included. Furth's observations on the right side of the dose-response curve at the Third Australian Conference on Radiation Biology have been extended in a further experiment, the incidence of abscopal thymic lymphoma being reduced from 70% to 6% by irradiation of the thymic area four to six weeks after virus infection. Kaplan, in the resultant discussion of his paper (which tantalizingly is not included in the volume), was asked why other lymphoid cells did not respond in his thymoma induction model. He replied that other lymphoid ttssues were susceptible, but at a very low level compared to the thymus, for in unpublished experiments lymph-node implants comparable with those of the thymus gave a 10% incidence of lymphoma under conditions which would have yielded 70% in thymic implants. Lamerton contributes a paper about the response of the hrematopoietic tissues of the rat to continuous irradiation by the use ot tritiated thymidine and direct measurement of uptake in the marrow, or autoradiography. An interesting point concerning the length of the "S" phase emerges in the discussion. A final interesting paper in the general section deals with aging changes in the cerebral cortex following fretal exposure to X rays.
Application of Improved A~* Algorithm for Path Searching in GIS

About path selection in practical application, the optimal one rather than the shortest one is mainly pursued, so sacrificing precision for efficiency is a good strategy.This strategy achieves the searching tasks in path selection to some extent, but if the integrated value of precision and efficiency are used, the result is often more satisfying.An improved A algorithm was used to achieve the target.It is mainly through the value of the variable weight to control the algorithm search precision and efficiency.An instance proves that the improved A algorithm can achieve the searching optimal path task, and efficiency is greatly enhanced.
Stability in delay equations with perturbed time lags

Studies the effects of perturbations of time delays on the stability of a class of delay equations. The authors' goal is to obtain a "practical" condition, i.e., a norm bound on the perturbations corresponding to the particular system under consideration, which guarantees the preservation of stability under perturbations. It turns out that such condition can be formulated assuming that one knows the fundamental solution of the unperturbed system. Since stability of the unperturbed system implies that the components of its fundamental solution go to zero at infinity, it is possible to get "good" numerical estimates of these components, and consequently obtain norm bounds on the allowable perturbations. The authors present their main results and consider numerical examples. The authors demonstrate how their results can be used to obtain an estimation of the maximum allowable sampling interval in the stability of a hybrid system with feedback delay. <<ETX>>
Strategies in the Multivariate Analysis of Data from Complex Surveys

Summary Certain aspects of the multivariate analysis of data from possibly complex survey designs are discussed in terms of a large sample methodology involving weighted least squares algorithms for the computation of Wald statistics. In particular, consideration is given to the problems associated with univariate and multivariate comparisons among cross-classified sub-populations. Finally, a philosophical discussion based on response (in the sense of measurement) error model concepts is given to motivate the validity of such least squares (both unweighted and weighted) methods for investigating the relationship between a particular dependent variable and several independent variables in a manner analogous to multiple regression analysis. This methodology is illustrated with several examples involving data from reports of the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics.