Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transmissible cancer in Tasmanian devils: localized lineage replacement and host population response

Tasmanian devil facial tumour disease (DFTD) is a clonally transmissible cancer threatening the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) with extinction. Live cancer cells are the infectious agent, transmitted to new hosts when individuals bite each other. Over the 18 years since DFTD was first observed, distinct genetic and karyotypic sublineages have evolved. In this longitudinal study, we investigate the associations between tumour karyotype, epidemic patterns and host demographic response to the disease. Reduced host population effects and low DFTD infection rates were associated with high prevalence of tetraploid tumours. Subsequent replacement by a diploid variant of DFTD coincided with a rapid increase in disease prevalence, population decline and reduced mean age of the population. Our results suggest a role for tumour genetics in DFTD transmission dynamics and epidemic outcome. Future research, for this and other highly pathogenic emerging infectious diseases, should focus on understanding the evolution of host and pathogen genotypes, their effects on susceptibility and tolerance to infection, and their implications for designing novel genetic management strategies. This study provides evidence for a rapid localized lineage replacement occurring within a transmissible cancer epidemic and highlights the possibility that distinct DFTD genetic lineages may harbour traits that influence pathogen fitness.
A high capacity near-field inductive coupled MISO communication system for Internet of Things

Communication between things (objects) could involve the use of near-field energy coupling between objects close to each other and radiating-near-field transmission for objects further afield. This paper therefore investigates the capacity of near field magnetically coupled communication systems in free space based on their equivalent circuit models. Only the capacity of near field magnetically coupled single-input-single-output (SISO) and multiple-input-single-output (MISO) inductive systems in free space are analyzed based on their equivalent circuit models. The analysis provides a basis for assessing the general inductively coupled MIMO communication system. We show that preferred architectures for placing the several MISO transmitter nodes are required to maximize the received power. The case for circular orbits around the receiver node which maximizes the received power several times compared to when only one transmitter is used (provided the crosstalk between the transmitters is insignificant) is demonstrated. The binary case on a circular orbit achieves eight times the capacity of a single-input-single-output system using identical system components and devices. We also demonstrate how to limit crosstalk through geometric architectures.
Mental health of Bosnian refugee children: A comparison of clinician appraisal with parent, child and teacher reports

This study compares clinician appraisal of Bosnian refugee children with independent parent, child and teacher reports. From whom and by what means can children “at risk” be reasonably identified? Forty-eight Bosnian refugee children (aged 7–20), resettled in Sweden 1994–95, were assessed clinically by means of a semi-structured interview. Thereafter, standardized mental health questionnaires were administered to parents (Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist), children (Achenbach's Youth Self-Report and Macksoud's Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Checklist) and teachers (clinician designed School Competence Scale and Achenbach's Teacher's Report Form). On clinician interview, nearly half of the children (48%) were identified with one or more mental health problem “demanding further attention”. Depressiveness was the single most prevalent symptom (31%); followed by post-traumatic stress (23%), and anxiety-regressiveness (15%). At the same time, 75% of the children were rated by teachers as “quite competent” in school. Parent, child and clinician appraisals of primary school children showed broad similarities. Teachers reported a similar prevalence of child distress, but identified different symptoms and different children demanding attention. Evaluation of teenage youths showed greater disparity: teenagers labeled their own symptoms more often as post-traumatic stress reactions and teachers identified few youths in need of attention. Inter-relatedness among parent, child and clinician appraisals supports the robustness of our semi-structured interview. At the same time, apartness of teacher report underscores the need to incorporate an outside-world vantage point in the process of risk assessment. Also, a more concrete presentation of post-traumatic stress reactions and a higher “further attention” threshold for inward emotional problems seem called for.
A Study of Thinking

A Study of Thinking is a pioneering account of how human beings achieve a measure of rationality in spite of the constraints imposed by bias, limited attention and memory, and the risks of error imposed by pressures of time and ignorance. First published in 1956 and hailed at its appearance as a groundbreaking study, it is still read three decades later as a major contribution to our understanding of the mind. In their insightful new introduction, the authors relate the book to the cognitive revolution and its handmaiden, artificial intelligence.
ALAN M. TURING'S CRITIQUE OF RUNNING SHORT CRIBS ON THE U. S. NAVY BOMBE

Unified lossless information have led to many natural advances, including the partition table and massive multiplayer online roleplaying games. In this work, we disprove the analysis of B-trees that would make synthesizing Lamport clocks a real possibility. In this position paper, we argue that Boolean logic and Markov models can agree to accomplish this purpose.
Effects of Parental Involvement on Their Children's Academic Achievement in Primary Level Classes

The aim of this research to explore the effects of parental involvement on the academic achievement of their children at primary level classes in Aba’ala district of Afar region in Ethiopia. Specifically, the study has three objectives, like: to study the level of parental involvement on children’s academic activities in primary level classes in schools; to investigate the parental participation in different managerial activities in primary schools; and to investigate the different factors that influence on parental involvement in the academic activities of their children's education in primary level classes. Descriptive survey method was employed to study the effects of parental involvement on their children’s academic achievement in primary level classes. The researcher selected only 6 primary schools randomly through lottery method from the target area out of which 6 principals and 30 parents of the primary students were selected through comprehensive sampling and random sampling technique through lottery method respectively. Parental involvement on their children’s academic activities questionnaire was developed by the researcher to collect data from the principal and semi structured interview was conducted with the parents of the students in primary schools. P ercentage was used as the statistical technique for the analysis and interpretation of the quantitative data and data collected through semi structured interview with parents were analyzed, narrated, and organized in a systematical form. The major findings of the study were: Parental involvement has significance effect in better academic performance of the students. This research has proved that parental involvement enhanced the academic achievements of their children. Therefore, it concluded that parental involvement in the academic achievement of their children's should be complemented with participation at home and school activities if good academic performance is to be realised.
Video OCR for Digital News Archives

Video OCR is a technique that can greatly help to locate topics of interest in a large digital news video archive via the automatic extraction and reading of captions and annotations. News captions generally provide vital search information about the video being presented { the names of people and places or descriptions of objects. In this paper, two di cult problems of character recognition for videos are addressed: low resolution characters and extremely complex backgrounds. We apply an interpolation lter, multi-frame integration and a combination of four lters to solve these problems. Segmenting characters is done by a recognition-based segmentation method and intermediate character recognition results are used to improve the segmentation. The overall recognition results are good enough for use in news indexing. Performing Video OCR on news video and combining its results with other video understanding techniques will improve the overall understanding of the news video content.
Depletion, Degradation, and Recovery Potential of Estuaries and Coastal Seas

Estuarine and coastal transformation is as old as civilization yet has dramatically accelerated over the past 150 to 300 years. Reconstructed time lines, causes, and consequences of change in 12 once diverse and productive estuaries and coastal seas worldwide show similar patterns: Human impacts have depleted >90% of formerly important species, destroyed >65% of seagrass and wetland habitat, degraded water quality, and accelerated species invasions. Twentieth-century conservation efforts achieved partial recovery of upper trophic levels but have so far failed to restore former ecosystem structure and function. Our results provide detailed historical baselines and quantitative targets for ecosystem-based management and marine conservation.
A Three-Degree-of-Freedom Short-Stroke Lorentz-Force-Driven Planar Motor Using a Halbach Permanent-Magnet Array With Unequal Thickness

This paper presents a three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) Lorentz-force-driven planar motor for a nanopositioning system. The short-stroke planar motor consists of three Lorentz-force-driven units equally spaced by 120 $^{\circ} $ around the mass center. To increase the force and decrease the force variation with horizontal displacement, a Halbach permanent-magnet array with unequal thickness is used. First, the basic structure and 3-DOF kinematics of the planar motor are introduced. Second, the magnetic field and force expressions are derived based on the charge model and the image method. Third, four typical Lorentz-force-driven units are compared in the aspect of magnetic field, force, force density, and force variation within the effective stroke. Fourth, a suitable cooling structure is designed for the planar motor. Finally, a prototype of the planar motor is constructed and tested. The measured values are in good agreement with results from analysis and finite element model.
Optimization of fuzzy logic scaling parameters with spiral dynamic algorithm in controlling a stair climbing wheelchair: Ascending task

In this work, a new approach based on spiral dynamic algorithm (SDA) is implemented to optimize the input output of fuzzy scaling factors of a stair ascending operation using a wheelchair. The ascending task is done automatically using interchangeable phases control structure using modular fuzzy logic (IPFL). The value obtained from the SDA optimization is compared with heuristic gain value to access the performance of the stair climbing operation. The proposed approach has improved the climbing performance in terms of minimizing the error of seat/tilt angle for user's comfort while reducing the settling time of the ascending operation.
In vivo reactivation of heat‐denatured protein in the endoplasmic reticulum of yeast.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells grown at 24 degrees C acquire thermotolerance and survive exposure to 50 degrees C, but only if they are first incubated at 30 degrees C, the temperature where heat shock genes are activated. We show here that the enzymatic activity of a secretory beta‐lactamase fusion protein, pre‐accumulated at 37 degrees C in the endoplasmic reticulum, was abolished by exposure of the cells to 50 degrees C. When the cells were returned to 24 degrees C, beta‐lactamase activity was resumed. Reactivation occurred in the endoplasmic reticulum, but not in the Golgi apparatus. It was dependent on metabolic energy, but did not require de novo protein synthesis. According to co‐immunoprecipitation experiments, immuno‐globulin‐binding protein (BiP/Kar2p) was associated with the fusion protein. We suggest that recovery from thermal insult involves, in addition to cytoplasmic and nuclear events, refolding of heat‐damaged proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum by a heat‐resistant machinery, which forms part of a fundamental survival mechanism.
Radiative cooling functions for primordial molecules

Cooling of primordial gas plays a crucial role in the birth of the first structures in our Universe. Due to the low fractional abundance of molecular species at high redshifts, spontaneous emission rather than collisions represents the most efficient way to cool the pristine plasma. In the present work, radiative cooling functions are evaluated for the diatomic species HD, HD + ,H eH + , LiH and LiH + . Cooling functions for the triatomic ions H + and H2D + are also considered. Analytic fits as functions of temperature are provided.
P300 Event-Related Potential Decrements in Well-Functioning University Students with Mild Head Injury

We compared the performance of 10 well-functioning university students who had experienced a mild head injury (MHI) an average of 6.4 years previously and 12 controls on a series of standard psychometric tests of attention, memory, and thinking and on a series of auditory oddball vigilance tasks to which we also took event-related potentials (ERPs). The MHI and Control groups performed equivalently on all the psychometric tasks and on self-report questionnaires of everyday memory and attention difficulties. The MHI group performed more slowly and with lower accuracy on only the most difficult of the oddball tasks, yet they showed substantially and significantly reduced P300 amplitudes and subsequent attentuation on all the oddball tasks, both easy and difficult. There were no alterations of N1, P2, and N2 components. These data suggest that despite excellent behavioral recovery, subtle information processing deficits involving attention nevertheless may persist long after the original injury and may not be apparent on a variety of standard psychometric measures.
A weighted non-negative matrix factorization for local representations

The paper presents an improvement of the classical Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) approach for dealing with local representations of image objects. NHF, when applied to global data representations such as faces presents a high ability to represent local features of the original data in an unsupervised way. However, when applied to local representations, NMF generates redundant basis. This work implements an improvement on the original NMF approach by incorporating prior knowledge in the form of a weight matrix extracted from the training data. A detailed mathematical description of the inclusion of this weight matrix is provided, and results demonstrating its advantages are included. Furthermore, the original NMF approach lacks a hierarchy of the elements of the estimated basis. A technique to determine an ordered set of discriminant basis is also presented. Finally, the effectiveness of the weighted approach with respect to the classical approach is experimentally compared. This is done by implementing a clustering algorithm that automatically extracts object parts from the NMF representation of an image database corresponding to newspapers.
User Preferences and Design Recommendations for an mHealth App to Promote Cystic Fibrosis Self-Management

Background mHealth apps hold potential to provide automated, tailored support for treatment adherence among individuals with chronic medical conditions. Yet relatively little empirical research has guided app development and end users are infrequently involved in designing the app features or functions that would best suit their needs. Self-management apps may be particularly useful for people with chronic conditions like cystic fibrosis (CF) that have complex, demanding regimens. Objective The aim of this mixed-methods study was to involve individuals with CF in guiding the development of engaging, effective, user-friendly adherence promotion apps that meet their preferences and self-management needs. Methods Adults with CF (n=16, aged 21-48 years, 50% male) provided quantitative data via a secure Web survey and qualitative data via semi-structured telephone interviews regarding previous experiences using apps in general and for health, and preferred and unwanted features of potential future apps to support CF self-management. Results Participants were smartphone users who reported sending or receiving text messages (93%, 14/15) or emails (80%, 12/15) on their smartphone or device every day, and 87% (13/15) said it would be somewhat or very hard to give up their smartphone. Approximately one-half (53%, 8/15) reported having health apps, all diet/weight-related, yet many reported that existing nutrition apps were not well-suited for CF management. Participants wanted apps to support CF self-management with characteristics such as having multiple rather than single functions (eg, simple alarms), being specific to CF, and minimizing user burden. Common themes for desired CF app features were having information at one’s fingertips, automation of disease management activities such as pharmacy refills, integration with smartphones’ technological capabilities, enhancing communication with health care team, and facilitating socialization within the CF community. Opinions were mixed regarding gamification and earning rewards or prizes. Participants emphasized the need for customization options to meet individual preferences and disease management goals. Conclusions Unique capabilities of emerging smartphone technologies (eg, social networking integration, movement and location detection, integrated sensors, or electronic monitors) make many of these requests possible. Involving end users in all stages of mHealth app development and collaborating with technology experts and the health care system may result in apps that maintain engagement, improve integration and automation, and ultimately impact self-management and health outcomes.
Hybrid survival motor neuron genes in Japanese patients with spinal muscular atrophy

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a frequently occurring autosomal recessive disease, characterized by the degeneration of spinal cord anterior horn cells, leading to muscular atrophy. Most SMA patients carry homozygous deletions of the telomeric survival motor neuron gene (SMN) exons 7 and 8. In the study presented here, we examined 20 Japanese SMA patients and found that 4 of these patients were lacking in telomeric SMN exon 7, but retained exon 8. In these 4 patients, who exhibited all grades of disease severity, direct sequencing analysis demonstrated the presence of a hybrid SMN gene in which centromeric SMN exon 7 was adjacent to telomeric SMN exon 8. In an SMA family, a combination of polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐digestion analysis and haplotype analysis with the polymorphic multicopy marker Ag1‐CA indicated that the patient inherited the hybrid gene from her father. In conclusion, hybrid SMN genes can be present in all grades of disease severity and inherited from generation to generation in an SMA family.
The Hv-SGT1 Gene from Haynaldia villosa Contributes to Resistances Towards Both Biotrophic and Hemi-Biotrophic Pathogens in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The SGT1 protein is essential for R protein-mediated and PAMPs-triggered resistance in many plant species. Here we reported the isolation and characterization of the Hv-SGT1 gene from Haynaldia villosa (2n = 14, VV). Analysis of the subcellular location of Hv-SGT1 by transient expression of a fusion to GFP indicated its presence in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Levels of Hv-SGT1 transcripts were increased by inoculation with either the biotrophic pathogen Blumeria graminis DC. f. Sp. tritici (Bgt) or the hemi-biotrophic pathogen Fusarium graminearum (Fg). Levels of Hv-SGT1 showed substantial increase following treatment with H2O2 and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), only slightly induced following exposure to ethephon or abscisic acid, but not changed following exposure to salicylic acid. The demonstration that silencing of Hv-SGT1 substantially reduced resistance to Bgt indicated that Hv-SGT1 was an essential component of disease resistance in H . villosa . The over-expression of Hv-SGT1 in Yangmai 158 enhanced resistance to powdery mildew, and this correlated with increased levels of whole-cell reactive oxygen intermediates at the sites of penetration by the pathogens. Compared with wild-type plants, the expression levels of genes related to the H2O2 and JA signaling pathways were lower in the Hv-SGT1 silenced plants and higher in the Hv-SGT1 over-expressing plants. Therefore, the involvement of Hv-SGT1 in H2O2 production correlates with the hypersensitive response and jasmonic acid signaling. Our novel demonstration that wheat with over-expressed Hv-SGT1 showed enhanced resistance to both powdery mildew and FHB suggests that it could served as a transgenic genetic resource in wheat breeding for multiple disease resistance.
Effect of Litter Moisture on the Development of Footpad Dermatitis in Broiler Chickens

ABSTRACT Broiler chicks were reared on either wet litter or dry litter to compare the development of footpad dermatitis (FPD). Broilers reared on wet litter first developed FPD at 14 days of age. Their FPD scores increased sharply after 21 days of age, reaching 2.92 at 42 days. In broilers reared on dry litter, FPD was first observed at 28 days of age, and the FPD score was only 0.70 at 42 days. When 21- or 28-day-old broilers that had been reared on wet litter and had developed FPD were moved to dry litter, the progression of FPD was suppressed or delayed. These results suggest that reducing litter moisture is effective in preventing FPD and suppressing disease progression.
The Effect of Dopamine in a Model of Biliary Acute Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis

Perfusion of the main pancreatic duct in cats with a dilute solution of bile salts increases ductal permeability. Subsequent perfusion of a permeable duct with activated pancreatic enzymes results in acute edematous pancreatitis. Simultaneous infusion of 1616 dimethyl-PgE2 converts edematous pancreatitis to acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis (AHP). AHP may be associated with a reduction in pancreatic blood flow; it is certainly associated with increases in micro vascular permeability. Low dose dopamine is a splanchnic vasodilator and may also reduce pancreatic microvascular permeability through beta agonist effects. In these studies, we investigated the effect of dopamine in an established feline model of biliary AHP. We also studied its effect on blood flow in both normal pancreas and after induction of AHP. We found that dopamine significantly reduced the degree of pancreatic inflammation, even when administered up to 12 h after onset of biliary AHP. However, the drug had no significant effect on blood flow either in normal pancreas or in the gland affected by hemorrhagic pancreatitis. We concluded that the effect of dopamine was most likely due to its ability to reduce pancreatic microvascular permeability.