Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling Individual Differences in Children’s Information Integration During Pragmatic Word Learning

Abstract Pragmatics is foundational to language use and learning. Computational cognitive models have been successfully used to predict pragmatic phenomena in adults and children – on an aggregate level. It is unclear if they can be used to predict behavior on an individual level. We address this question in children (N = 60, 3- to 5-year-olds), taking advantage of recent work on pragmatic cue integration. In Part 1, we use data from four independent tasks to estimate child-specific sensitivity parameters to three information sources: semantic knowledge, expectations about speaker informativeness, and sensitivity to common ground. In Part 2, we use these parameters to generate participant-specific trial-by-trial predictions for a new task that jointly manipulated all three information sources. The model accurately predicted children’s behavior in the majority of trials. This work advances a substantive theory of individual differences in which the primary locus of developmental variation is sensitivity to individual information sources.
Far-infrared properties of flare stars and dM stars

Results are reported from a search of the IRAS data base for flare stars and for a control sample of dM stars. At 12 microns, 70-80 percent of both samples have been detected. The K-12 colors of flare stars are significantly different from those of dM stars: for a given K magnitude, a flare star is about 70 percent brighter at 12 microns than a dM star. At 100 microns, 27 percent of the flare stars which are sources at 12 microns have been detected, while none of the comparable dM stars has been detected. Implications for microflaring are discussed. 16 refs.
Azithromycin Adsorption onto Different Soils

The antibiotic azithromycin (AZM) is one of the most persistent in the environment, with potential to cause serious health and environmental problems. As some polluting discharges containing this antibiotic can reach the soil, it is clearly relevant determining the ability of soils with different characteristics to retain it. In this research, AZM adsorption and desorption were studied for a variety of soils, using batch-type experiments. The results show that, at low doses of antibiotic added (less than or equal to 50 µmol L−1), the adsorption always reached 100%, while when higher concentrations were added (between 200 and 600 µmol L−1) the highest adsorption corresponded to soils with higher pH values. Adsorption data were fitted to the Linear, Langmuir and Freundlich models, with the latter showing the best fit, in view of the determination coefficient. No desorption was detected, indicating that AZM is strongly adsorbed to the soils evaluated, suggesting that the risks of environmental problems due to this contaminant are minimized for these edaphic media. These results can be considered relevant with respect to risk assessment and possible programming of measures aimed at controlling environmental contamination by emerging contaminants, especially from the group of antibiotics, and in particular from AZM.
Red Cell Microparticles Suppress Hematoma Growth Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Chronic Nicotine-Exposed Rats

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) is a disabling stroke sub-type, and tobacco use is a prominent risk factor for sICH. We showed that chronic nicotine exposure enhances bleeding post-sICH. Reduction of hematoma growth is a promising effective therapy for sICH in smoking subjects. Red-blood-cell-derived microparticles (RMPs) are hemostatic agents that limit hematoma expansion following sICH in naïve rats. Considering the importance of testing the efficacy of experimental drugs in animal models with a risk factor for a disease, we tested RMP efficacy and the therapeutic time window in limiting hematoma growth post-sICH in rats exposed to nicotine. Young rats were chronically treated with nicotine using osmotic pumps. sICH was induced in rats using an injection of collagenase in the right striatum. Vehicle/RMPs were administered intravenously. Hematoma volume and neurological impairment were quantified ≈24 h after sICH. Hematoma volumes in male and female nicotine-exposed rats that were treated with RMPs at 2 h post-sICH were significantly lower by 26 and 31% when compared to their respective control groups. RMP therapy was able to limit hematoma volume when administered up to 4.5 h post-sICH in animals of both sexes. Therefore, RMPs may limit hematoma growth in sICH patients exposed to tobacco use.
A Pair of Perfectly Conducting Disks in an External Field

AbstractA pair of non-overlapping perfectly conducting equal disks embedded in a two-dimensional background was investigated by the classic method of images, by Poincare series, by use of the bipolar coordinates and by the elliptic functions in the previous works. In particular, successive application of the inversions with respect to circles were applied to obtain the field in the form of a series. For closely placed disks, the previous methods yield slowly convergent series. In this paper, we study the local fields around closely placed disks by the elliptic functions. The problem of small gap is completely investigated since the obtained closed form solution admits a precise asymptotic investigation in terms of the trigonometric functions when the gap between the disks tends to zero. The exact and asymptotic formulae are extended to the case when a prescribed singularity is located in the gap. This extends applications of structural approximations to estimations of the local fields in densely packed fi.
A Reachability-Based Spatio-Temporal Sampling Strategy for Kinodynamic Motion Planning

By limiting the planning domain to “L2 Informed Set”, some sampling-based motion planners (SBMP) (e.g., Informed RRT*, BIT*) can solve the geometric motion planning problems efficiently. However, the construction of informed set (IS) will be very challenging, when further differential constraints are considered. For the time-optimal kinodynamic motion planning problem, this paper defines a modified time informed set (MTIS) to limit the planning domain. Due to drawing inspiration from Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) reachability analysis, MTIS, compared with the original TIS, can not only help save the running time of SBMP, but also extend the applicable scope from linear systems to polynomial nonlinear systems with control constrains. On this basis, a spatio-temporal sampling strategy adapted to MTIS is proposed. Firstly, MTIS is used to estimate the optimal cost and the valid tree structure is reused, so that we do not need to provide a solution trajectory in advance. Secondly, this strategy is generic, allowing it to be combined with common SBMP (such as SST, etc.) to accelerate convergence and reduce the memory requirement. Several simulation experiments also demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed method.
Open volume defects and magnetic phase transition in Fe60Al40 transition metal aluminide

Magnetic phase transition in the Fe60Al40 transition metal aluminide from the ferromagnetic disordered A2-phase to the paramagnetic ordered B2-phase as a function of annealing up to 1000 °C has been investigated by means of magneto-optical and spectroscopy techniques, i.e., Kerr effect, positron annihilation, and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The positron annihilation spectroscopy has been performed in-situ sequentially after each annealing step at the Apparatus for In-situ Defect Analysis that is a unique tool combining positron annihilation spectroscopy with temperature treatment, material evaporation, ion irradiation, and sheet resistance measurement techniques. The overall goal was to investigate the importance of the open volume defects onto the magnetic phase transition. No evidence of variation in the vacancy concentration in matching the magnetic phase transition temperature range (400–600 °C) has been found, whereas higher temperatures showed an increase in the vacancy concentration.
Killing Horizons and Orthogonally Transitive Groups in Space‐Time

Some concepts which have been proven to be useful in general relativity are characterized, definitions being given of a local isometry horizon, of which a special case is a Killing horizon (a null hypersurface whose null tangent vector can be normalized to coincide with a Killing vector field) and of the related concepts of invertibility and orthogonal transitivity of an isometry group in an n‐dimensional pseudo‐Riemannian manifold (a group is said to be orthogonally transitive if its surfaces of transitivity, being of dimension p, say, are orthogonal to a family of surfaces of conjugate dimension n ‐ p). The relationships between these concepts are described and it is shown (in Theorem 1) that, if an isometry group is orthogonally transitive then a local isometry horizon occurs wherever its surfaces of transitivity are null, and that it is a Killing horizon if the group is Abelian. In the case of (n ‐ 2)‐parameter Abelian groups it is shown (in Theorem 2) that, under suitable conditions (e.g., when a sym.
Method for measuring ocular aberrations induced by thermal lensing in vivo

An adaptive optics imaging system was used to qualitatively observe the types of aberrations induced by an infrared laser in a rhesus eye. Thermal lensing was induced with an infrared laser radiation wavelength of 1150-nm. The adaptive optics system tracked the temporal response of the aberrations at a frequency of 30 Hz for continuous-wave exposures. Results are compared against thermal lensing aberrations induced in an artificial eye.
The Association of Junk Food Consumption with Preadolescents’ Environmental Influences: A School-Based Epidemiological Study in Greece

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of environmental influences on Greek preadolescents’ junk food consumption. A cross-sectional study, was conducted among 1718 preadolescents (mean (standard deviation(SD)) age: 11.2(0.8) years old; 54% girls) and their parents, during the school years 2014–2016. Parental and child characteristics were collected anonymously, through self-administered and validated questionnaires. Among others, junk food consumption was recorded, classifying children as low, moderate, and high consumers. The majority of the preadolescents were classified as at least moderate junk food consumers, while almost 3/10 children were classified as high junk food consumers. A significantly lower junk food consumption was observed among preadolescents with a healthier family environment, consisting of normal-weight parents who consume junk foods less frequently, prefer home-cooked meals and adhere more to the Mediterranean diet, while more frequent family meals were also associated with lower junk food consumption. In addition, influence from teachers and participation in extracurricular sports activities were significantly associated with lower junk food consumption, while advertisements were found to have a significant negative impact on preadolescents’ eating habits. Notwithstanding, peers were not found to influence their dietary choices in terms of junk food consumption. Both parents and teachers seem to be positive influencers on preadolescents’ low junk food consumption. The detrimental role of advertisements on junk food consumption is reconfirmed, while peers’ influence is not significant on junk food consumption. The need for urgent public health initiatives for the promotion of healthy dietary habits among preadolescents is warranted.
Quantum symmetries on operator algebras

In the last 20 years, the study of operator algebras has developed from a branch of functional analysis to a central field of mathematics with applications and connections with different areas in both pure mathematics (foliations, index theory, K-theory, cyclic homology, affine Kac--Moody algebras, quantum groups, low dimensional topology) and mathematical physics (integrable theories, statistical mechanics, conformal field theories and the string theories of elementary particles). The theory of operator algebras was initiated by von Neumann and Murray as a tool for studying group representations and as a framework for quantum mechanics, and has since kept in touch with its roots in physics as a framework for quantum statistical mechanics and the formalism of algebraic quantum field theory. However, in 1981, the study of operator algebras took a new turn with the introduction by Vaughan Jones of subfactor theory and remarkable connections were found with knot theory, 3-manifolds, quantum groups and integrable systems in statistical mechanics and conformal field theory. The purpose of this book, one of the first in the area, is to look at these combinatorial-algebraic developments from the perspective of operator algebras; to bring the reader to the frontline of research with the minimum of prerequisites from classical theory.
Application of a Two-Level Full Factorial Design for the Synthesis of Composite Bioplastics from Durian Seed Flour and Yellow Konjac Flour Incorporating Ethanolic Extract of Syzygium myrtifolium Leaves and its Characterization

Increasing environmental problems related to synthetic plastics for food packaging encourage the creation of more environmentally friendly plastics from Indonesia’s local natural resources, such as durian seed, yellow konjac, and Syzygium myrtifolium leaves, which are abundant in nature. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of the durian seed flour (DSF) mass, yellow konjac flour (YKF) mass, and the concentration of ethanolic extract of S. myrtifolium leaves (5-25%) on the tensile strength, elongation, and inhibition zone area of composite bioplastics. The two-level full factorial design was conducted for this experiment with 3 independent factors: DSF mass (0.5-1 g), YKF mass (0.5-1 g), and the concentration of ethanolic extract of S. myrtifolium leaves (5-25% b/v), and 3 responses were observed: tensile strength, elongation, and inhibition zone area. The physicomechanical characteristics were then used to further describe the best combination. The results showed that the DSF mass had only affected tensile strength, whereas the YKF mass had affected tensile strength and elongation of composite bioplastics. Meanwhile, the concentration of ethanolic extract of S. myrtifolium leaves only affects the inhibition zone area. The best combination was found in the DSF mass of 0.5 g, YKF mass of 1 g, and the concentration of ethanolic extract of S. myrtifolium leaves of 25%, with the tensile strength of 3.30 MPa, elongation of 50.00%, and inhibition zone area of 15.33 mm. Moreover, these combinations also had a thickness of 0.115 mm, modulus young of 0.066 MPa, density of 1.37 g.cm-3, moisture content of 17.14%, and water solubility of 76.91%.
A retrospective case - control study for assessing the risk factors for development of Diabetic Kidney Disease among people with Type 2 Diabetes in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry

Objective: To understand the associated risk factors in the progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease among the Type 2 Diabetes individuals living in the state of Tamil Nadu and Puducherry. Research design and methods: Clinical and socio-demographic data was collected, digitized, and analyzed for 482 participants diagnosed either with Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) or Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). The study was analyzed by using descriptive statistical analysis SAS version 9.4. Results: Out of 482 participants, 422 fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Gender, age, T2D duration, and comorbidity are the major risk factors that are found to be associated with DKD in population understudy. We also found inclination towards usage of insulin among DKD participants rather than oral diabetic medications. Metformin (Biguanides) was the most used oral diabetic medication among the T2D participants followed by DPP-4 inhibitors and Sulphonylureas. Conclusion: Together, these data describe the risk pattern among participants diagnosed with DKD at regional level that is integral in early and proper management of the disease. Keywords: Diabetic Kidney Disease, Diabetic Medications, Insulin, Risk factors, Type 2 Diabetes
Numerical Assessment of Error Estimators for Euler Equations

Grid convergence studies are conducted to assess four error estimators for their asymptotic behavior: explicit residual, solution reconstruction, Richardson extrapolation, and solution of the error equations. Their accuracy, reliability, and efficitivity to predict the true error are verified on the quasi-one-dimensional Euler equations solved by a second-order accurate finite volume method
A Common Subspace Construction Method in Cross- Domain Sentiment Classification*

In this paper, we study the problem of domain adaptation in sentiment classification. Many existing approaches reduce the gap by extracting domain-independent topics. However these methods couldn't cope with features which have different sentiments in different domains. To solve this problem, a common subspace construction method (CSC) is proposed in our paper. Firstly, the consistency of features' sentiment orientation in different domains is introduced to identify the common subspace. Then, domain-dependent features will be projected to this subspace. Empirical studies on benchmark tasks of sentiment analysis validate our assumption and demonstrated significant improvement of our method over competing ones in classification accuracies.
On the Glivenko-Cantelli Theorem for Weighted Empiricals Based on Independent Random Variables

For X1, * *, X, independent real valued random variables and for a e [0, 1], let Fj(x) -cP[Xj < x] + (1 a)P[Xi < xi and Yj(x) = aI[xj<x] + (1 aI[x :x], where IA is the indicator function of the set A. For numbers W1, W2, *., Wn, let Dn = supxa maxN? : :g w _(Y(x) -Fj(x))f. We will obtain an exponential bound for P[Dn ? a] and a rate for almost sure convergence of D. When wj 1 the bound and the rate become, respectively, 4a exp {-2((a2/n) 1)} and O((n log n)l).
Fuzzy approach to recognize handwritten Tamil characters

Fuzzy set theory provides an approximate but effective means of describing the behavior of ill-defined systems. Patterns of human origin such as handwritten characters are to some extent found to be fuzzy in nature. The authors decided to use the fuzzy conceptual approach. The paper attempts to use the fuzzy concept on handwritten Tamil characters to classify them as one among the prototype characters using a feature called distance from the frame and a suitable membership function. The prototype characters are categorized into two classes: one is considered as line characters/patterns and the other as arc patterns. The unknown input character is classified into one of these two classes first and then recognized to be one of the characters in that class. The algorithm is tested for about 250 samples for seven chosen Tamil characters and the success rate obtained varies from 88% to 100%.
Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Subthreshold depression (SD) is known to be a major risk factor for the development of post-stroke depression (PSD). Appropriate intervention to prevent the transition from SD to PSD is thus imperative. As a form of short-term psychotherapy adapted for individuals with cognitive and communication impairments, behavioral activation therapy (BAT) may be a suitable choice. However, the effects of BAT on psychological outcomes in stroke patients with SD has not been established. This study investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of BAT in reducing the development of depressive symptoms in this patient population. Methods A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was performed. Seventy participants were randomized to either a BAT group (n=35) or a control group (n=35). Participants in the BAT group received a six-week BAT intervention. The feasibility of BAT was assessed by the number of sessions attended by participants, and the acceptability of BAT to participants and the incidence of adverse events were recorded. The primary clinical outcome measure was the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) at baseline, six weeks, and three months after the group allocation. Secondary outcomes included behavioral activation and the incidence of depression. Results The intervention was feasible and acceptable, with 94.3% of participants in the BAT group (33 of 35) attending at least five sessions. No adverse events were reported in either group. Compared with the control group, the BAT group showed significant improvements in the CES-D (F=67.689, P<0.05), HAMD-17 (F=4.170, P<0.05), and behavioral activation (F=25.355, P<0.05) scores after intervention, and these differences were maintained at the three-month assessment. Conclusion BAT appears to be feasible and efficacious for reducing depressive symptoms and increasing behavioral activation among stroke patients with SD. The findings of this study may contribute to the primary prevention of PSD.
Finding multiple equilibrium points of cellular neural networks without enumeration

A path-following method is presented for computing multiple equilibrium points in cellular neural networks. The method is guaranteed to find at least one solution. The possibility of finding all solutions is also investigated, and this leads to theoretical insight into the relation between the properties of the interconnection matrix and the number of equilibrium points. <<ETX>>
A molecular line survey of Sagittarius B2 and Orion-KL from 70 to 115 GHz. I - The observational data

The complete millimeter-wave spectrum between 70 and 115 GHz of the giant Sgr B2 molecular cloud and the star-forming KL region of Orion has been surveyed with the NRAO 11 m telescope at a resolution of 1 MHz. The data are are presented. The NRAO survey of Sgr B2 complements that of Cummins, being more complete between 70 and 115 GHz and somewhat more sensitive. The NRAO survey of Orion-KL parallels that of the Onsala Space Observatory between 72 and 91 GHz, and is the first such survey of the 70-72 and 91-115 GHz regions. It is considerably more sensitive than the Onsala survey. In particular, many more unidentified lines are seen in the NRAO survey than in the previous ones, despite more recent spectroscopic data to aid in identifications. 8 refs.
Energetic effects during phase transition under freezing‐thawing load in porous media – a continuum multiphase description and FE‐simulation

In civil engineering, the frost durability of partly liquid saturated porous media under freezing and thawing conditions is a point of great discussion. Ice formation in porous media results from coupled heat and mass transport and is accompanied by ice expansion. The volume increase in space and time corresponds to the moving freezing front inside the porous solid. In this paper, a macroscopic model based on the Theory of Porous Media (TPM) is presented which describes energetic effects of freezing and thawing processes. For simplification a ternary model consisting of the phases solid, ice and liquid is used. Attention is paid to the description of the temperature development, the determination of energy, enthalpy and mass supply as well as volume deformations due to ice formation during a freezing and thawing cycle. For the detection of energetic effects regarding the characterization and control of phase transition of water and ice, a physically motivated evolution equation for the mass exchange between ice and liquid is presented. Comparing experimental data with numerical examples shows that the simplified model is indeed capable of simulating the temperature development and energetic effects during phase change.