Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Support vector machines for hyperspectral image classification with spectral-based kernels

Support vector machines (SVM) has been recently used with success for the classification of hyperspectral images. This method appears to be a robust alternative for pattern recognition with hyperspectral data: since the method is based on a geometric point of view, no statistical estimation has to be achieved. Then, SVM outperforms classical supervised classification algorithms such as the maximum likelihood when the number of spectral bands increases or when the number of training samples remains limited. Nevertheless, those kernel-based methods do not take into consideration the spectral similarity between support vectors. Then, some modified kernels are presented to take into consideration the spectral similarity between support vectors to outperform SVM-based classification of hyperspectral data cube. Those kernels (that still suit Mercer's conditions) are based on the use of spectral angle to evaluate the distance between support vectors. Classifiers to compare have been applied to an image from the CASI sensor including 17 bands from 450 to 950nm representing an intensive agricultural region (Brittany, France). It appears that those kernels reduce false alarms that were induced by illumination effects with classical kernels.
Integrity : A Lite and Secure Web against World Wide Woes

While there is no guarantee of HTTP page integrity, this issue is left unaddressed in discussions of web security. Though HTTPS can be used to solve the HTTP page integrity problem, HTTPS is shunned by web communities due to the performance overheads caused by TLS. Worse yet, HTTPS inherently breaks the distributed nature of the web by disallowing caching. The end-toend security guarantee of HTTPS only allows web contents served by origin web servers, not caching proxies or Content Delivery Networks (CDN). Unsurprisingly, HTTPS is overkill for many applications and is avoided by many websites. Thus, webpages are completely open to attacks against HTTP page integrity. Based on these observations, we have designed a lite protocol for secure web, HTTP Integrity (HTTPI). HTTPI relies on HTTPS to share session keys and use them for keyedhashing HTTP pages. We show that HTTPI can be reliably used for many applications, since many web attacks target integrity rather than confidentiality. In orde r to avoid breaking the caching mechanism of the web, we decouple HTTP headers and contents for keyed-hashing. Web servers can cache or precompute contents hashing for static contents and many studies show that dynamic contents can be cached as well. Therefore, the performance degradation caused by HTTPI can go unnoticed by users.
Expression : Involvement of Myeloperoxidase-Mediated Oxidant in Plaque Hypochlorous Acid , a Macrophage Product , Induces Endothelial Apoptosis and Tissue

Seigo Sugiyama, Kiyotaka Kugiyama, Masanori Aikawa, Shinichi Nakamura, Hisao Ogawa and and Thrombogenesis Erosion Factor Expression : Involvement of Myeloperoxidase-Mediated Oxidant in Plaque Hypochlorous Acid, a Macrophage Product, Induces Endothelial Apoptosis and Tissue Print ISSN: 1079-5642. Online ISSN: 1524-4636 Copyright © 2004 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology doi: 10.1161/01.ATV. 0000131784.50633. 4f 2004;24:1309-1314; originally published online May 13, 2004; Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. http://atvb.ahajournals. org/content/24/7/1309 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the http://atvb.ahajournals. org/content/suppl/2004/07/01/24.7. 1309.DC1. html Data Supplement (unedited) at:
Bulletin of Magnetic Resonance 2d Nmr Study of Drug-protein Interactions : Ethidium Bromide - Neocarzinostatin Complex

N eocarzinostatin (NCS) is a small acidic holo-protein isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces Carzinostaticus [1 ] . It has a protein component (apo-NCS) of 113 amino acid residues and a non-covalently bound heat and light sensitive chromophore (NCS-chr) (Fig.l). This protein possesses antibiotic activity against organisms such as Sarcina Lutea and antitumor activity against the experimental tumors Ascitic Sarcoma 180, Ascitic Leukemia SN-36, Leukemia L-210 [1-3]. It is known that the chromophore is responsible for all the biological activities and the apo-protein stabilizes and acts as a carrier for this UV sensitive component of the antitumor drug [4]. Though the secondary and tertiary structure of the apo-protein is well understood from X-ray and NMR studies, little is known about the binding region and the amino acid residues involved in the drug protein interactions in the holo-protein. Both the crystal structure at 2.8 A [5] and the 2-D NMR work done on apoNCS [6-8] indicate that a major part of the protein is composed of a seven strand antiparallel B-sandwich formed by a three strand B-sheet and a four strand B-sheet. The rest of the protein is composed of two loops oriented somewhat perpendicularly to the B sandwich, thus forming a distinct Ushaped cleft between the four strand face of the sandwich and one of the loops of the molecule (Fig. 2). The crystal structure of holo-NCS at 2.0 A resolut ion indicates that the chromophore is located in this cleft. But a detailed knowledge in the region of the chromophore could not be obtained from the 2.0A map. Preliminary NMR studies also indicate that the chromophore binds within the cleft and interacts with amino acid residues in the region C37-D48 [9, 10]. Although NCS does not bind the chromophore of other streptomyces derived anti-tumoi proteins (e.g. Auromomycin) [11] it is known from X-ray studies [12] tc strongly bind a number of drugs including ethidium bromide (Fig. 3) anc daunomycin. In order to furthe elucidate the nature of drug-NC! interactions, we have initiated a study o both holo-NCS and the complex betwee ethidium bromide and NCS.
Efficient sparse approximation methods for medical imaging

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my adviser Anna Gilbert for constantly keeping me on track, for all her help in writing and editing this dissertation, and for supporting me during the preparation of this work. I would like to thank my external adviser Jeffrey Fessler for all his technical suggestions and honest assessments of the performance of my methods, for providing me with corrections related to this work, and for his prompt attention to bureaucratic matters related to my defense. I would like to thank Martin Strauss and Selim Esedoglu for serving on my committee, for reading this dissertation, and for their insightful discussions. I would like to thank Daehyun Yoon for teaching me just about everything I know about MRI scanners and for help with the chapter pertaining to Parallel Excitation in MRI. I would like to thank everyone else who has ever made suggestions related to my work: This list includes, but is not limited to: Yin Zhang, and many others. I would like to thank my mother and father for their love and motivation. And last but not least, I would like to thank my Soulmate Christy for all her love and for believing in me.
Lateral Flagella and Swarming Motility in Aeromonas Species

ABSTRACT Swarming motility, a flagellum-dependent behavior that allows bacteria to move over solid surfaces, has been implicated in biofilm formation and bacterial virulence. In this study, light and electron microscopic analyses and genetic and functional investigations have shown that at least 50% of Aeromonas isolates from the species most commonly associated with diarrheal illness produce lateral flagella which mediate swarming motility. Aeromonas lateral flagella were optimally produced when bacteria were grown on solid medium for ≈8 h. Transmission and thin-section electron microscopy confirmed that these flagella do not possess a sheath structure. Southern analysis of Aeromonas reference strains and strains of mesophilic species (n = 84, varied sources and geographic regions) with a probe designed to detect lateral flagellin genes (lafA1 and lafA2) showed there was no marked species association of laf distribution. Approximately 50% of these strains hybridized strongly with the probe, in good agreement with the expression studies. We established a reproducible swarming assay (0.5% Eiken agar in Difco broth, 30°C) for Aeromonas spp. The laf-positive strains exhibited vigorous swarming motility, whereas laf-negative strains grew but showed no movement from the inoculation site. Light and scanning electron microscopic investigations revealed that lateral flagella formed bacterium-bacterium linkages on the agar surface. Strains of an Aeromonas caviae isolate in which lateral flagellum expression was abrogated by specific mutations in flagellar genes did not swarm, proving conclusively that lateral flagella are required for the surface movement. Whether lateral flagella and swarming motility contribute to Aeromonas intestinal colonization and virulence remains to be determined.
Architecture of a Web Accelerator For Wireless Networks

With the continuous growth of mobile users and web-based wireless applications, the performance of accessing web services via wireless is becoming one of the key issues. Regular TCP has many problems to tackle wireless connections. Especially for 2.5G or 3G mobile users, the bandwidth is always limited to access various IP applications. In this paper, we describe the design, implementation and evaluation of a web accelerator. Our proposed web accelerator increases the web pages retrieval speed and maximizes bandwidth utilization of TCP/IP application to overcome the obstacles of wireless networks. This goal has been achieved by two solutions: first, replacing TCP with Boosted TCP Protocol (BTCP) to improve the performance of TCP over wireless; second, compressing the web content to make it efficient for various wireless devices.
Spontaneous rupture of the anterior tibial tendon in a diabetic patient: results of operative treatment.

UNLABELLED Spontaneous rupture of the tibialis anterior tendon is infrequently seen as a clinical entity. In this report, we describe the case of a diabetic neuropathic patient that underwent successful surgical repair of a spontaneously ruptured tibialis anterior tendon with no other factors that would render the tendon susceptible to injury or rupture. LEVEL OF CLINICAL EVIDENCE 4.
Local approach to orthogonal subspace-based target detection in hyperspectral images

Airborne or satellite hyperspectral sensing has proven valuable in many target detection applications, thanks to the dense spectral sampling of the sensed data, which provides a high material discriminability. Within this framework, this paper focuses on detection algorithms that rely upon subspace-based characterization of background. Whereas background subspace estimation has been typically accomplished through a global approach, which employs the whole image, a local methodology is here adopted. In fact, most of the interference affecting targets derives from the background materials in which they are inserted. Such a background interference lies in a subspace that is more likely spanned by the spectra of the pixels in the target neighborhood, rather than by endmembers/eigenvectors extracted from the whole image. Real hyperspectral imagery from the HyMap sensor is used to experimentally compare both global and local approaches to background subspace estimation. On this data, which exemplifies a mixed-pixel cluttered detection problem, detection results were strongly in favor of the local approach.
An Effective Repeated Rule Acquisition Using Rule Ontology from Similar Web Sites based on Genetic Algorithm

Knowledge is an important component of mainly Semantic Web applications and ontology. Ontology's are widely used as a model for knowledge depiction and formalization, to characterize user profiles in personalized web information gathering. The ontology can reduce the amount of information and reduce the exertion of utilizing the information in rule acquisition, because it is generalized and specifically reorganized for rule acquisition. Furthermore, the ontology can be accumulated and reused throughout repeated rule acquisition. The main contribution of existing research is that the inclusive and detailed rule composition procedure with examples and its estimation. In our research work we are implementing the optimized rule of acquisition result with our method through the concept of selecting exact parts that contain rules from Web pages to increase the accuracy of result. With that the optimization method is implemented which is referred as the screen method from WebPages with use of genetic Techniques to extract the rule optimally.
Small-Signal Modeling of Mutual Saturation in Induction Machines

A small-signal model is derived for saturated induction machines. Inductances are allowed to saturate as a function of their own current (or flux), and the mutual saturation effect originating mainly from skewed or closed rotor slots is also included in the model. The model fulfills the reciprocity conditions, and it can be applied to parameter identification and to the analysis and development of flux-angle estimation methods. As application examples, the parameters of a 2.2-kW induction machine were identified using the data obtained from time-stepping finite-element analysis and locked-rotor measurements. The proposed model fits well to the data, and the fitted parameters are physically reasonable.
Simple and Effective Confidence Intervals for Proportions and Differences of Proportions Result from Adding Two Successes and Two Failures

Abstract The standard confidence intervals for proportions and their differences used in introductory statistics courses have poor performance, the actual coverage probability often being much lower than intended. However, simple adjustments of these intervals based on adding four pseudo observations, half of each type, perform surprisingly well even for small samples. To illustrate, for a broad variety of parameter settings with 10 observations in each sample, a nominal 95% interval for the difference of proportions has actual coverage probability below . 93 in 88% of the cases with the standard interval but in only 1% with the adjusted interval; the mean distance between the nominal and actual coverage probabilities is . 06 for the standard interval, but . 01 for the adjusted one. In teaching with these adjusted intervals, one can bypass awkward sample size guidelines and use the same formulas with small and large samples.
Planning for Spatially Situated Agents in Simulations

Most often, agent-based situated simulations use reactive agents. While the use of this paradigm offers a rather natural way to build simple behaviours, it is not so easy to define complex behaviours, and these are often built ad hoc and requires precise adjustements. Moreover reactive model is not well fitted to describe deliberate group behaviours since it is more intended to emergence. For these reasons and in order to obtain more explicative models, we are working on proactive agent-based situated simulations. We aim at proposing a generic cognitive agent model. Such agents must build plan to achieve some goals and thus to propose a behaviour. In this paper we show why and how classical planning works must be adapted to the particular context of spatially situated agents in simulations.
Institutions and Geography: Comment on Acemoglu, Johnson and Robinson (2000)

This paper responds to findings by Acemoglu, Johnson and Robinson (2000) that suggest weak institutions, but not physical geography and correlates like disease burden, explain current variation in levels of economic development across former colonies. Using similar data and expanding the sample of countries analyzed, our regression analysis shows that both institutions and geographically-related variables such as malaria incidence or life expectancy at birth are strongly linked to gross national product per capita. We argue that the evidence presented in Acemoglu, Johnson and Robinson is likely limited by the inherently small sample of ex-colonies and the limited geographic dispersion of those countries.
A first-order formalism for timelike and spacelike brane solutions

We show that the construction of BPS-type equations for non-extremal black holes due to Miller et. al. can be extended to branes of arbitrary dimension and, more importantly, to time-dependent solutions. We call these first-order equations fake- or pseudo-BPS equations in light of the formalism that has been developed for domain wall and cosmological solutions of gravity coupled to scalar fields. We present the fake/pseudo-BPS equations for all stationary branes (timelike branes) and all time-dependent branes (spacelike branes) of an Einstein-dilaton-p-form system in arbitrary dimensions.
Perceptual radiometric compensation for inter-reflection in immersive projection environment

We present a fast perceptual radiometric compensation method for inter-reflection in immersive projection environment. Radiometric compensation is the inverse process of light transport. As light transport process can be described by a matrix-vector multiplication equation, radiometric compensation for inter-reflection can be achieved by solving the equation to get the vector, during which matrix inversion should be computed. As the dimensions of the matrix are equivalent to the resolution of images, such matrix inversion is both time and storage consuming. Unlike previous methods, our method adopts projector-camera system to simulate the inversion, and treats the compensation as a non-linear optimization problem which is formulated from full light transport matrix and non-linear color space conversion. To make physical multiplication simulation more practical, the method adjusts the range of projector-camera system adaptively and reduces the high-frequency errors caused by clipping error and measured error to make the compensated results smoother. We implement an immersive projection display prototype. The experiments show that our method achieves better results compared with the previous method.
The J-Band Light Curve of SN 2003lw, Associated with GRB 031203

At z = 0.1055, the gamma-ray burst GRB 031203 is the second nearest GRB known. Using observations from the Very Large Array and the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, we derive subarcsecond localizations of the radio and X-ray afterglow of this GRB. We present near-infrared observations of the supernova SN 2003lw, which exploded in the host galaxy of GRB 031203. Our deep high-resolution Magellan data establish that this SN is spatially coincident with the radio and X-ray localizations of the afterglow of GRB 031203 to subarcsecond precision and is thus firmly associated with the GRB. We use image differencing to subtract the bright emission from the host galaxy and measure the SN flux at ~5, ~7, and ~50 days after the GRB. Our J-band measurements are inconsistent with predictions derived by placing SN 1998bw (associated with GRB 980425) at z = 0.1055. In particular, our early data points show that before peak, SN 2003lw was significantly fainter in rest frame ~1.13 μm (observed J band) than SN 1998bw. We measure similar fluxes at ~7 and ~50 days after the GRB, suggesting that SN 2003lw had a light-curve shape that is quite different from that of SN 1998bw, the best-studied GRB-associated SN so far.
Hybrid shift map for video retargeting

We propose a new method for video retargeting, which can generate spatial-temporal consistent video. The new measure called spatial-temporal naturality preserves the motion in the source video without any motion analysis in contrast to other methods that need motion estimation. This advantage prevents the retargeted video from degenerating due to the propagation of the errors in motion analysis. It allows the proposed method to be applied on challenging videos with complex camera and object motion. To improve the efficiency of the retargeting process, we retarget video using a 3D shift map in low resolution and refine it using an incremental 2D shift map in higher resolution. This new hierarchical framework, denoted as hybrid shift map, can produce satisfactory retargeting results while significantly improving the computational efficiency.
Algorithmic level low-power VLSI design applied to the RGB to HSI conversion

In the early 90s the first portable computing applications became widely available. At this time, lower performance than the mains dependant counterparts was accepted. However, today user demand small lightweight portable systems with long battery operating times without any compromise in computing performance. To meet these customer demands, a consequent low power approach has to be taken starting at the first design decision. This paper will present the implementation of a low-power real-time image processing circuit for the transformation of a camera signal into the human perception code.
Have Middle East and North Africa Countries Achieved a Critical Mass of Change in Their Financial Systems

This paper rests on the idea that there are multiple equilibriums in financial deve lopment, and provides illustration of this thesis on the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. After many years of financial repression, MENA countries have star ted liberalizing their financial sectors in the 1990s. Progresses obtained have been minimal. A critical mass of change was needed to escape the financial underdeve lopment equilibrium where they had been trapped by financial repression. This paper identifies directions in which reforms and policy initiatives would be necessary: de controlling banking sectors, strengthening their regulations, and improving financial infrastructure and the legal framework. Keys words: multiple equilibriums, financial sector, growth, Middle East and North Africa JEL classification: 0160
An assessment of microwave absorption models and retrievals of cloud liquid water using clear‐sky data

[1] Passive microwave radiometers have a long history in the remote sensing of atmospheric liquid and water vapor. Retrievals of these quantities are sensitive to variations in pressure and temperature of the liquid and water vapor. Rather than use a statistical or climatological approach to account for the natural variability in atmospheric pressure and temperature, additional information on the atmospheric profile at the time of the radiometer measurements can be directly incorporated into the retrieval process. Such an approach has been referred to in the literature as a “physical-iterative” solution. This paper presents an assessment of the accuracy of the column liquid water path that can be expected using such an iterative technique as a result of uncertainties in the microwave emissions from oxygen and water vapor. It is shown that the retrieval accuracy is influenced by the accuracy of the instrument measurements and the quality of the atmospheric profiles of temperature and pressure, as one would expect. However, also critical is the uncertainty in the absorption coefficients used in the underlying microwave radiative transfer model. The uncertainty in the absorption coefficients is particularly problematic in that it may well bias the liquid water retrieval. The differences between three absorption models examined in this paper are equivalent to a bias of 15 to 30 g/m2, depending on the total column water vapor. An examination of typical liquid water paths from the Southern Great Plains region of the United States shows that errors of this magnitude have significant implications for shortwave radiation and retrievals of cloud effective particle size.