Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of waves and sea spray on modelling storm track and development

In high wind speed conditions, sea spray generated by intensely breaking waves greatly influences the wind stress and heat fluxes. Measurements indicate that the drag coefficient decreases at high wind speeds. The sea spray generation function (SSGF), an important term of wind stress parameterisation at high wind speeds, is usually treated as a function of wind speed/friction velocity. In this study, we introduce a wave-state-dependent SSGF and wave-age-dependent Charnock number into a high wind speed–wind stress parameterisation. The newly proposed wind stress parameterisation and sea spray heat flux parameterisation were applied to an atmosphere–wave coupled model to study the mid-latitude storm development of six storm cases. Compared with measurements from the FINO1 platform in the North Sea, the new wind stress parameterisation can reduce wind speed simulation errors in the high wind speed range. Considering only sea spray impact on wind stress (and not on heat fluxes) will intensify the storms (in terms of minimum sea level pressure and maximum wind speed), but has little effect on the storm tracks. Considering the impact of sea spray on heat fluxes only (not on wind stress) can improve the model performance regarding air temperature, but it has little effect on the storm intensity and storm track performance. If the impact of sea spray on both the wind stress and heat fluxes is taken into account, the model performs best in all experiments for minimum sea level pressure, maximum wind speed and air temperature.
A Learning-Based Algorithm for Early Floorplan With Flexible Blocks

This paper presents a learning-based algorithm using graph neural network (GNN) and deconvolution network to predict the placement of the locations and the aspect ratios for the design blocks with flexible rectangles. With several hours of training on 4 GPUs, the proposed method, targeting at minimizing the cost of wirelength, can generate the placements in early stage of floorplan which is superior to that from the manual placements which requires several days’ efforts for physical design experts.
Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Epilepsy and Their Interaction with Antiseizure Medications

Epilepsy is a life-threatening neurological disease that affects approximately 70 million people worldwide. Although the vast majority of patients may be successfully managed with currently used antiseizure medication (ASM), the search for alternative therapies is still necessary due to pharmacoresistance in about 30% of patients with epilepsy. Here, we review the effects of ASMs on stem cell treatment when they could be, as expected, co-administered. Indeed, it has been reported that ASMs produce significant effects on the differentiation and determination of stem cell fate. In addition, we discuss more recent findings on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in pre-clinical and clinical investigations. In this regard, their ability to differentiate into various cell types, reach damaged tissues and produce and release biologically active molecules with immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties make them a high-potential therapeutic tool to address neuroinflammation in different neurological disorders, including epilepsy. Overall, the characteristics of MSCs to be genetically engineered, in order to replace dysfunctional elements with the aim of restoring normal tissue functioning, suggested that these cells could be good candidates for the treatment of epilepsy refractory to ASMs. Further research is required to understand the potential of stem cell treatment in epileptic patients and its interaction with ASMs.
A 118.6fJ/Conversion-Step Two-Step Time-Domain RC-to-Digital Converter With 33nF/10MΩ Range and 53aFrms Resolution

Sensor readout ICs for internet-of-things (IoT) systems require not only high energy efficiency and resolution but also a wide input range to cover a variety of sensors with different output types and characteristics [1], [2]. Readout methods based on delta-sigma modulation (DSM) [3], [4] and two-step conversion (successive approximation + time-domain (TD) DSM) [5] have been proposed to achieve high resolution and energy efficiency, but these structures suffer from limited input ranges as they convert the sensor output to voltage, whose range is strictly constrained by the given supply rails. Alternatively, a TD readout method converts the sensor output into a TD signal, eliminating the range constraint [1], [2], [6]. However, its resolution is limited by the jitter performance of the oscillator of the counting clock [1]. This resolution issue can be addressed together with a wide input range by a dual-oscillator-based structure utilizing a large oversampling ratio (OSR) [2]. However, a power-hungry high-frequency reference oscillator (R-OSC) should continuously operate to reduce the quantization noise (Q-noise), degrading energy efficiency greatly. Although this structure can reduce both the Q-noise and random noise by sacrificing the readout time, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) per energy efficiency is limited by the performance of the oscillator itself. Here, we present a TD 2-stepconversion readout IC achieving a wide input range, high resolution, and high energy efficiency altogether.
Energy and particle losses during type-I ELMy H-mode in ASDEX Upgrade

Characteristics of edge-localized mode (ELM) energy and particle losses in type-I ELMy H-mode plasmas on ASDEX Upgrade are investigated by a large data set with as much as possible independent variations in engineering parameters. A statistically unbiased estimate for ELM energy and particle losses has been employed to remove the diagnostic noise as much as possible. The data set shows that the ELM energy loss decreases with the pedestal density or collisionality. However, the role of plasma shape, especially, triangularity, as an explicit parameter is revealed. Elevated triangularity leads to lower ELM frequency and larger ELM energy loss significantly exceeding that simply expected from the increased pedestal pressure in high triangularity plasmas at a fixed power. The observed larger ELM energy drop at higher triangularity involves the ELM perturbations of the electron temperature profile across an ELM that extend radially more inward, suggesting that there is a direct effect of plasma shape on ELM energy losses. It is found that the fraction of ELM loss power does not remain constant but the increased pedestal collisionality enhances the transport level between ELMs and reduces the ELM loss power. The ELM particle flux at fixed power rises with increasing gas fuelling rate. On the other hand, at fixed gas puff, an inverse proportionality between ELM frequency and ELM particle loss roughly holds despite of a large variation of power. When the particle flux near the separatrix is enhanced, the increase of ELM frequency and the reduction of ELM loss power caused by the increased collisionality lead to the reduction of ELM energy loss so that the energy balance could be sustained.
Parents' Knowledge of and Attitude Toward the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common cause of cervical cancer among Saudi females in reproductive age. Parents' awareness of and attitude toward vaccination against HPV in young females are very crucial to prevent the development of cervical cancer. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of and attitude toward the HPV vaccine among Saudi parents in the Saudi western region. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted that included 343 parents randomly selected from in the Saudi western region. The online questionnaire was disseminated via WhatsApp and Telegram groups of parents in schools and among visitors of parents in primary health care. Results: The studied parents had poor knowledge of HPV and its vaccine. About a third (32.9%) knew about the HPV vaccine and the most common source of their knowledge was physicians (38%) while the most frequent barrier for vaccination was their confidence of being not at risk (75.2%). About 90.0% of parents having a good level of knowledge were willing to vaccinate their children. Conclusion: This study reveals a poor level of knowledge about HPV infection and its vaccine among both male and female parents in the Saudi Arabian western area. As a consequence, only 7.2% of them had vaccinated their female children. The majority of the parents having good knowledge about the HPV vaccine were willing to vaccinate their children. Therefore, this study highlights the necessity of educating women on cervical cancer risk factors, as well as the importance of screening programs.
Identification of Novel Genes Associated with Fish Skeletal Muscle Adaptation during Fasting and Refeeding Based on a Meta-Analysis

The regulation of the fish phenotype and muscle growth is influenced by fasting and refeeding periods, which occur in nature and are commonly applied in fish farming. However, the regulators associated with the muscle responses to these manipulations of food availability have not been fully characterized. We aimed to identify novel genes associated with fish skeletal muscle adaptation during fasting and refeeding based on a meta-analysis. Genes related to translational and proliferative machinery were investigated in pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus) subjected to fasting (four and fifteen days) and refeeding (six hours, three and fifteen days). Our results showed that different fasting and refeeding periods modulate the expression of the genes mtor, rps27a, eef1a2, and cdkn1a. These alterations can indicate the possible protection of the muscle phenotype, in addition to adaptive responses that prioritize energy and substrate savings over cell division, a process regulated by ccnd1. Our study reveals the potential of meta-analysis for the identification of muscle growth regulators and provides new information on muscle responses to fasting and refeeding in fish that are of economic importance to aquaculture.
Patient Health Representation Learning via Correlational Sparse Prior of Medical Features

Exploiting the correlations between medical features is essential to the success of healthcare data analysis. However, most existing methods are either suffering large estimation variance for data insufficiency or inflexible in terms of demanding task-specific medical knowledge. In this paper, we propose a novel patient health representation learning framework dubbed SAFARI. SAFARI learns a compact representation by imposing a clinical-fact-inspired task-agnostic correlational sparsity prior to the correlations of medical feature pairs. Specifically, we learn the compact representation by solving the bi-level optimization problem, which involves solving the high-level inter-group correlations and the nested lower-level intra-group correlations. We leverage the Laplacian kernel as a robust metric for feature grouping and graph neural networks for solving the bi-level optimization problem following the optimal value reformulation paradigm. Experiments on five datasets of various inputs and tasks demonstrate the efficacy of SAFARI. The discovered findings are also consistent with our insights and medical literature, which can provide valuable clinical explanations.
Structure and Dynamics of the Unassembled Nucleoprotein of Rabies Virus in Complex with Its Phosphoprotein Chaperone Module

As for all non-segmented negative RNA viruses, rabies virus has its genome packaged in a linear assembly of nucleoprotein (N), named nucleocapsid. The formation of new nucleocapsids during virus replication in cells requires the production of soluble N protein in complex with its phosphoprotein (P) chaperone. In this study, we reconstituted a soluble heterodimeric complex between an armless N protein of rabies virus (RABV), lacking its N-terminal subdomain (NNT-ARM), and a peptide encompassing the N0 chaperon module of the P protein. We showed that the chaperone module undergoes a disordered−order transition when it assembles with N0 and measured an affinity in the low nanomolar range using a competition assay. We solved the crystal structure of the complex at a resolution of 2.3 Å, unveiling the details of the conserved interfaces. MD simulations showed that both the chaperon module of P and RNA-mediated polymerization reduced the ability of the RNA binding cavity to open and close. Finally, by reconstituting a complex with full-length P protein, we demonstrated that each P dimer could independently chaperon two N0 molecules.
3D Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of a Convective Drying Chamber

The drying industry has grown considerably due to the tremendous demand for non-perishable food. Convective drying is one of the most popular equipment in the drying industry (food, chemical, pharmaceutical, etc.). One of the drawbacks of this equipment, when used for convective drying, is the non-uniformity in the final product quality. This study presents the development of a numerical model through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The drying chamber of a heat pump dryer is assessed from the perspective of drying air velocity and temperature profiles. The model was developed by solving different transport phenomena-related equations. The established methodology was set up to evaluate how the drying air velocity and temperature distribution affect the drying chamber. These results will define if there is a need to redesign it. The air velocity and temperature profile results show a need to redesign the chamber. Only trays 2, 3, and 4 are the ones that would achieve the drying of the products. The proposed solution is to implement air distributors or modify the tray positioning to make the drying air and temperature distribution homogeneous.
Effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio, Non Performing Loan and Loan to Deposit Ratio on Return On Assets in Banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2015-2019 Period

The technique of taking is using purposive sampling method. The sample in this study were 20 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019.The data used in this study is secondary data taken from the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Data analysis uses Eviews 9 analysis with the aim of testing the capital adequacy ratio (X1), non performing loans (X2), loan to deposit ratio (X3), to return on assets (Y). The results of this study indicate that simultaneously there is a significant influence between the capital adequacy ratio, non-performing loans and loan to deposit ratios on return on assets. Meanwhile, partially non performing loans have a negative and significant effect on return on assets. The capital adequacy ratio has a negative and insignificant effect on return on assets.
Biomass-Derived Carbon Dots and Their Sensing Applications

Carbon dots (CDs) can be widely used in the field of sensing because of its good water solubility, low toxicity, high fluorescence stability and excellent biocompatibility. It has become a popular trend to prepare high-value, inexpensive, renewable and environmentally friendly CDs sensors from biomass resources. This article reviewed the research progress of biomass-derived CDs as chemical, physical and biological sensors in recent years and studied their preparation processes and sensing abilities. Furthermore, the prospects and challenges of biomass-CDs sensors were discussed. This article is expected to provide inspirations for the design, preparation and application of biomass-CDs sensors in the future.
Current Application of iPS Cells in the Dental Tissue Regeneration

When teeth and periodontal tissues are severely damaged by severe caries, trauma, and periodontal disease, such cases may be subject to tooth extraction. As tooth loss leads to the deterioration of quality of life, the development of regenerative medicine for tooth and periodontal tissue is desired. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) are promising cell resources for dental tissue regeneration because they offer high self-renewal and pluripotency, along with fewer ethical issues than embryonic stem cells. As iPS cells retain the epigenetic memory of donor cells, they have been established from various dental tissues for dental tissue regeneration. This review describes the regeneration of dental tissue using iPS cells. It is important to mimic the process of tooth development in dental tissue regeneration using iPS cells. Although iPS cells had safety issues in clinical applications, they have been overcome in recent years. Dental tissue regeneration using iPS cells has not yet been established, but it is expected in the future.
Event-Triggered Resilient Filtering With the Interval Type Uncertainty for Markov Jump Systems

The problem of event-triggered resilient filtering for Markov jump systems is investigated in this article. The hidden Markov model is used to characterize asynchronous constraints between the filters and the systems. Gain uncertainties of the resilient filter are the interval type in this article, which is more accurate than the norm-bounded type to model the uncertain phenomenon. The number of linear matrix inequalities constraints can be decreased significantly by separating the vertices of the uncertain interval, so that the difficulty of calculation and calculation time can be reduced. Moreover, the event-triggered scheme is applied to depress the consumption of network resources. In order to find a balance between reducing bandwidth consumed and improving system performance, the threshold parameter is designed as a diagonal matrix in the event-triggered scheme. Utilizing the convex optimization method, the sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee that the filtering error systems are stochastically stable and satisfy the extended dissipation performance. Finally, a single-link robot arm system is delivered to certify the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method.
Wind Profiler Observations of Vertical Motion and Precipitation Microphysics of a Tropical Squall Line

Abstract Data from a wind profiler located at Darwin, Australia, have been used to examine the vertical motions and precipitation microphysics in a well-developed squall line. Both a mature and developing convective cell are well sampled. The vertical motions within the mature cell are dominated by the effect of glaciation and a convective downdraft feeding a cold pool. The strong updrafts are accompanied by supercooled water as much as 2 km above the freezing level. The two cells are separated by a narrow region of deep descent. The developing cell has a low-level maximum in upward motion coinciding with high radar reflectivity below 3 km, suggesting warm rain processes. There is a large transition region with deep descent and a stratiform region with a classic up- and downdraft circulation. The precipitation characteristics show the aggregation of ice particles as they descend in the stratiform region. Over half of the rain is seen to evaporate between 4 and 2 km. The cooling implied by this and the hea.
Research on Algorithm of Near-field 3D SAR Imaging Based on Linear Array

Collecting data in the near-field area of the radar using the spotlight mode based on the linear array platform, and the three-dimensional imaging algorithm of the target within the beam irradiation range is studied. The difficulty of near-field 3D imaging lies in the large amount of radar echo data, so it has high requirements on the efficiency of imaging algorithms. The application of traditional 3D back-projection algorithm is general, but the algorithm efficiency is low. Therefore, an imaging algorithm for 3D reconstruction of echo data based on the compressed sensing is proposed, Therefore, an imaging algorithm for 3D reconstruction of echo data based on the principle of compressed sensing is proposed, and it improves the elevation resolution compared with the traditional algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and effective, and it takes a short time to achieve 3D imaging of the target in the scene.
Changes in the Populations of Two Lymnaeidae and Their Infection by Fasciola hepatica and/or Calicophoron daubneyi over the Past 30 Years in Central France

Simple Summary Two parasitic diseases affecting humans and ruminants have a particular life cycle, because freshwater molluscs intervene in their transmission by ensuring the development of parasite larval forms. As the climate is changing, researchers have begun to investigate the effects of global warming on these snails and the larval forms of parasites that they harbour. Several authors have already conducted analyses of these diseases, but no field studies have been carried out so far. Therefore, in the present study, snail counts were conducted on 39 farms with acidic soils between 1976 and 1997, in 2013–2014, and in 2020–2021. The results showed that the number of snail populations decreased over time and that many populations have fewer and fewer individuals. This decline has also been faster in recent years. The infection of snails by one of the parasites has decreased over time. Conversely, snails are increasingly infected with the other parasite. These changes are due to the generalized use of a drug used to treat one of the diseases in ruminants and probably also due to the heatwave episodes that occurred for several years. As these larval forms are again infecting animals after their departure from the snails, practitioners must take these changes into account when treating ruminants for these diseases. Abstract Field investigations were carried out during three periods (from 1976 to 1997, in 2013–2014, and in 2020–2021) on 39 cattle-raising farms on acidic soils to track changes in the populations of two Lymnaeidae (Galba truncatula and Omphiscola glabra) and their infection with Fasciola hepatica and/or Calicophoron daubneyi. Compared to the survey between 1976 and 1997 on these farms, there was a significant decrease in the number of the two lymnaeid populations and the size of the G. truncatula populations in both 2013–2014 and 2020–2021. This decline was significantly faster in the last nine years than it was before 2013. The area of habitats colonized by G. truncatula showed no significant variation over the years, while that of habitats with O. glabra significantly decreased in the period covered by the three surveys. The prevalence of F. hepatica infection in snails significantly decreased over the years, while C. daubneyi infection increased over time in both lymnaeid species. These changes are due to the use of triclabendazole to treat fasciolosis in ruminants since the 1990s, and are probably a consequence of the successive heatwaves that have occurred since 2018 in the region.