Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ecological Factors of Cross River gorilla survival at Mawambi Hills

The Cross-River gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehli) is the northern- and western-most subspecies of gorilla, endemic to the hilly rain-forests of the ‘Bight of Biafra’ region in the Gulf of Guinea, and whose survival is endangered by increasing pressure from hunting and habitat loss. Knowledge of the ecology of these gorillas which is vital to conservation planning, is limited. This study presents findings on wild Cross River gorilla ecology based on a two-year field study in a 43 km2 unprotected forest called the Mawambi Hills and located on the southeast border of Takamanda National Park in southwest Cameroon. It also evaluates the socio-economic status of surrounding village communities and assesses how their resource extraction activities might influence the gorillas. Present research reveals that the extraction of timber and various non-timber forest products represent a viable threat to the gorillas. It also shows that the gorillas maintain a diverse diet, consumed more fruit when its availability in the environment increased, and resorted to non-fruit fibrous food in times of fruit scarcity. They are however, exposed to longer periods of fruit scarcity.
Biofuels Production by Torrefaction Process Supplied with Different Biomasses

Solid fuel production from different biomass sources become a very challenging area. The paper presents the torrefaction process, mild pyrolysis, where biomass material is converted into solid fuel with higher heating value. The material is processed in inert atmosphere or in the atmosphere with very low oxygen concertation. The study is done for three varied materials, oak wood, mixed wood and dehydrated, granulated sewage sludge. The influence of the temperature is examined, and the optimal temperature is determined. Furthermore, the optimal operation time for each material is evaluated. The experiments were done without flue gases integration. The results show that from energy point of view the optimal operation time for oak and mixed wood is around 1.2 h at 260°C. The torrefaction of sewage sludge is energetically unjustified.
Intensified influence of the ENSO Modoki on boreal summer tropical cyclone genesis over the western North Pacific since the early 1990s

This study presents the inter‐decadal intensified impact of the ENSO Modoki (ENM) on tropical cyclone (TC) genesis over the western North Pacific (WNP) since the early 1990s. We find that this intensified impact may be largely attributed to the inter‐decadal change of the spatio‐temporal variability of the ENM, which includes an increasing period and expansive sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly over the central Pacific after the early 1990s. Because of the inter‐decadal change of the ENM, especially the expansive SST pattern, the response of large‐scale atmospheric circulation was enhanced and had expanded northwards and westwards since the early 1990s, which has led to significant TC genesis anomalies over a large fraction of the WNP. The spatial changes of the ENM may possibly be modulated by the inter‐decadal SST change over the Pacific.
Nutrient Management in High Density Apple Orchards – A Review

collaboration all designed the study, the statistical the the first of the the analyses of the study. SM and MH managed the literature searches. All the ABSTRACT All plants require higher root density in the wetted soil volume. Plant nutrient availability and their uptake rely upon various factors like soil texture, pH, temperature and moisture, maintaining all these factors is an important goal of orchard nutrient management programme. A better understanding of nutrient interactions is essential in understanding the importance of balanced supply of nutrients. Nutrient use efficiency in orchards can be improved by making the use of controlled release fertilizers (CRF’s), biofertilizers and enhancing the use of organic matter.
Cervical spinal cord hemisection impacts sigh and the respiratory reset in male rats

Abstract Cervical spinal cord injury impacts ventilatory and non‐ventilatory functions of the diaphragm muscle (DIAm) and contributes to clinical morbidity and mortality in the afflicted population. Periodically, integrated brainstem neural circuit activity drives the DIAm to generate a markedly augmented effort or sigh—which plays an important role in preventing atelectasis and thus maintaining lung function. Across species, the general pattern of DIAm efforts during a normal sigh is variable in amplitude and the extent of post‐sigh “apnea” (i.e., the post‐sigh inter‐breath interval). This post‐sigh inter‐breath interval acts as a respiratory reset, following the interruption of regular respiratory rhythm by sigh. We examined the impact of upper cervical (C2) spinal cord hemisection (C2SH) on the transdiaphragmatic pressure (P di) generated during sighs and the post‐sigh respiratory reset in rats. Sighs were identified in P di traces by their characteristic biphasic pattern. We found that C2SH results in a reduction of P di during both eupnea and sighs, and a decrease in the immediate post‐sigh breath interval. These results are consistent with partial removal of descending excitatory synaptic inputs to phrenic motor neurons that results from C2SH. Following cervical spinal cord injury, a reduction in the amplitude of P di during sighs may compromise the maintenance of normal lung function.
Architecture and Development Framework for a Web-Based Risk Assessment and Management Platform Developed on WordPress to Address Opioid Overdose

The number of overdose-related fatalities continues to reach historic levels across Canada, despite ongoing efforts by authorities. To reduce mortality, a clinical trajectory ranging from preventative measures to crisis intervention, skill training to treatment, and risk assessment to risk management needs to be supported. The web-based Risk Assessment and Management Platform (RAMP) was developed to realize this concept and to empower people who use drugs through an integrated tool that allows them to better understand and manage their risk of overdose. This paper outlines the architecture and development of RAMP, which is built on the WordPress platform. WordPress components are mapped onto a 3-tier architecture that consists of presentation, application, and database layers. The architecture facilitates the development of a modular software that includes several features that are independent in functionality but interact with each other in an integrated platform. The relatively low coupling and high coherence of the features may reduce the cost of maintenance and increase flexibility of future developments. RAMP’s architecture comprises a user interface, conceptual framework, and backend layers. The RAMP front end effectively uses some of the WordPress’ features such as HTML5, CSS, and JavaScript to create a mobile, friendly, and scalable user interface. The RAMP backend uses several standard and custom WordPress plug-ins to support risk assessment and monitoring, with the goal of mitigating the impacts and eliminating risks together. A rule-based decision support system has been hard-coded to suggest relevant modules and goals to complement each user’s lifestyle and goals based on their risk assessment. Finally, the backend uses the MySQL database management system and communicates with the RAMP framework layer via the data access layer to facilitate a timely and secure handling of information. Overall, RAMP is a modular system developed to identify and manage the risk of opioid overdose in the population of people who use drugs. Its modular design uses the WordPress architecture to efficiently communicate between layers and provide a base for external plug-ins. There is potential for the current system to adopt and address other related fields such as suicide, anxiety, and trauma. Broader implementation will support this concept and lead to the next level of functionality.
Impact analysis of observation coupling on reliability indices in a geodetic network

Abstract An optimally designed geodetic network is characterised by an appropriate level of precision and the lowest possible setup cost. Reliability, translating into the ability to detect blunders in the observations and higher certainty of the obtained point positions, is an important network characteristic. The principal way to provide appropriate network reliability is to acquire a suitably large number of redundant observations. This approach, however, faces limitations resulting from the extra cost. This paper analyses the possibility of providing appropriate reliability parameters for networks with moderate redundancy. A common problem in such cases are dependencies between observations preventing the acquisition of the required reliability index for each of the individual observation. The authors propose a methodology to analyse dependencies between observations aiming to determine the possibility of acquiring the optimal reliability indices for each individual observation or groups of observations. The suggested network structure analysis procedures were illustrated with numerical examples.
On Ionic Contributions to Pedersen Conductance

Ionospheric conductivity is a key parameter to understand the upper atmosphere electrodynamics, magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere coupling and several geophysical processes. In the case of Pedersen conductivity, ions and electrons are moving in opposite direction, so that it results from the addition of the separate contributions. In this work, the role of the three main ions, that is, NO+, O2+, and O+, in the conductivity height profile and in the conductance global pattern is analyzed for different solar activity levels and seasons. NO+ is the is the main contributor for the maximum conductivity in all the cases in the E layer; however, O+ takes relevance with a significant percentage of the conductance at certain regions such as the South Atlantic Anomaly and the crests at the equatorial ionization anomaly, becoming the main conducting ion in these zones when the solar activity is high. Regarding seasonal effects, the role of NO+ in the conductivity is maximum on summer hemisphere, while O+ becomes important in winter and maximum with high solar activity. O2+ has maximum percentage close to magnetic poles, where the magnetic field strength is intense lowering the peak conducting level.
An in situ Raman study on katoite Ca3Al2(O4H4)3 at high pressure

We report on in situ high–pressure Raman spectroscopic study of hydrogrossular, katoite Ca3Al2(O4H4)3, in a diamond–anvil cell under hydrostatic conditions at room temperature. The variations of vibration modes were analyzed theoretically by factor group analysis. Three characteristic Raman peaks observed at 341, 541, and 3649 cm−1 at 1.3 GPa were obtained continuously up to 8.3 GPa. The Raman peak at 3649 cm−1 was assigned to the O–H stretching vibration modes of A1g + Eg symmetry at 3634 cm−1 and F2g symmetry at 3656 cm−1. The pressure dependence of the two O–H stretching vibration modes showed negative pressure shifts, indicating that hydrogen bond became shorter and stronger with compression. The most striking characteristic was that above 5.1 GPa pressure derivative of the O–H stretching vibration mode of F2g symmetry started to decrease significantly. This change suggests that symmetry of the H4O4 tetrahedron changes at 5.1 GPa, implying the phase transition of katoite to its high–pressure phase. Pressure derivatives of the two O–H stretching vibration modes of A1g + Eg and F2g symmetries are −7.2 and −1.1 cm−1/GPa, respectively, which yields negative Grüneisen parameters. In the frequency region of lattice mode, the lower frequency peak observed at 341 cm−1 was assigned to librational R(O4H4) vibration mode of A1g symmetry, whose frequency increased continuously up to 5.1 GPa with pressure derivatives of 6.5 cm−1/GPa. Meanwhile, the higher frequency peak at 541 cm−1 was assigned to T(OH) motions of A1g + Eg symmetry at 523 cm−1 and F2g symmetry at 545 cm−1, whose frequencies increased with pressure derivatives of 4.4 and 4.9 cm−1/GPa, respectively. These pressure coefficients in the lattice mode lead to the isothermal mode Grüneisen parameters varying from 0.49 to 1.11. Values of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of all observed Raman bands were continuously increased up to 5.1 GPa, but their increasing rates became higher above this pressure. The result is also indicative that katoite transforms to the high–pressure phase above 5.1 GPa.
Drought priming during the vegetative stage can enhance post-anthesis drought tolerance by improving photosynthetic capacity in winter wheat

Abstract Drought stress during the reproductive period of cereal crops leads to significant yield reductions, therefore, exploring effective methods to improve tolerance to post-anthesis drought is necessary. Pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of pre-drought priming on physiological characteristics and grain yield with drought stress at post-anthesis. Moderate water deficits (60–65% of the field capacity) were imposed to prime wheat plants during either the tillering or jointing stages, while severe drought stress (40–45% of the field capacity) was applied during the grain filling stage. The priming treatments significantly improved grain yield resulting in higher biomass. Compared to the control, the grain yield and biomass of the non-priming, tillering priming, and jointing priming treatments were reduced by 15.7, 9.1, and 9.3% and by 11.1, 6.1, and 10.5%, respectively. The primed plants exhibited higher adaptability to subsequent severe drought stress during grain filling, showing higher photosynthetic capacities and light use efficiencies with higher leaf water potentials, soluble protein contents, and Rubisco contents and enhanced enzymatic antioxidant systems. The tillering stage is more responsive to drought priming based on the observed grain yield. These results indicate that moderate drought during the vegetative period is conducive to the development of water-saving agriculture to cope drought stress during grain-filling in wheat.
Gut microbiota in the association between obesity and kidney function decline: a metagenomics-based study in a rat model

Abstract Objectives Obesity can induce dysbiosis in the gut microbiota and is considered a separate risk factor for kidney function decline. Nonetheless, the precise function of intestinal microorganisms in facilitating the connection between obesity and kidney function decline remains uncertain. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the alterations in the gut microbiota composition that take place during obesity and their correlations with renal function utilizing a rat model. Methods For 20 weeks, 25 Sprague–Dawley rats were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD) or a normal-fat normal diet (ND). Physiological indices, peripheral plasma, kidney tissue, and colon contents were collected for comparison between groups. Metagenomic analysis of intestinal flora was performed. Results The HFD group demonstrated significantly increased levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen in the peripheral blood. Additionally, the HFD rats exhibited a significantly larger glomerular diameter compared to the ND group, accompanied by the presence of glomerulosclerosis, tubular vacuolar transformation, and other pathological changes in certain glomeruli. Metagenomics analysis revealed a notable rise in the prevalence of the Firmicutes phylum within the HFD group, primarily comprising the Rumenococcus genus. Functional analysis indicated that the gut microbiota in the HFD group primarily correlated with infectious diseases, signal transduction, and signaling molecules and interactions. Conclusions This study provides evidence that the consumption of a HFD induces modifications in the composition and functionality of the gut microbiome in rats, which may serve as a potential mechanism underlying the relationship between obesity and the progression of kidney function decline.
A retrospective, naturalistic study of deep brain stimulation and vagal nerve stimulation in young patients

Abstract Introduction Invasive neuromodulation interventions such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) and vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) are important treatments for movement disorders and epilepsy, but literature focused on young patients treated with DBS and VNS is limited. This retrospective study aimed to examine naturalistic outcomes of VNS and DBS treatment of epilepsy and dystonia in children, adolescents, and young adults. Methods We retrospectively assessed patient demographic and outcome data that were obtained from electronic health records. Two researchers used the Clinical Global Impression scale to retrospectively rate the severity of neurologic and psychiatric symptoms before and after patients underwent surgery to implant DBS electrodes or a VNS device. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to examine clinical effects. Results Data from 73 patients were evaluated. Neurologic symptoms improved for patients treated with DBS and VNS (p < .001). Patients treated with DBS did not have a change in psychiatric symptoms, whereas psychiatric symptoms worsened for patients treated with VNS (p = .008). The frequency of postoperative complications did not differ between VNS and DBS groups. Conclusion Young patients may have distinct vulnerabilities for increased psychiatric symptoms during treatment with invasive neuromodulation. Child and adolescent psychiatrists should consider a more proactive approach and greater engagement with DBS and VNS teams that treat younger patients.
Role of karst denudation on the accurate assessment of glacio-eustasy and tectonic uplift on carbonate coasts

Abstract Quaternary glacio-eustasy has traditionally been determined in part by the examination of fossil coral reefs on carbonate islands and coasts uplifted by tectonics. These studies do not properly account for dissolutional denudation, which is cumulative, making higher and therefore older terraces exist at elevations far below their assumed depositional elevation. Karst pedestals (karrentische) on Guam reveal the extent of the denudation (c. 50 mm ka−1) and demonstrate that theoretical denudation models can be accurately applied to eogenetic carbonates in tropical settings. Aeolian calcarenite islands such as the Bahamas have been used as tectonically stable sea-level calibrations for other islands, which may not be correct. Flank margin caves, forming in the distal margin of the freshwater lens within a carbonate island, are excellent sea-level indicators. Analysis of flank margin cave elevations indicates that the Bahamas have had past sea-level highstands >6 m, perhaps up to 15 m or more, for which no fossil coral data exist. Denudational removal of these older corals has biased the record to younger events and only flank margin caves remain as viable terrestrial signatures of these older sea-level highstands.
Identification and clinical validation of the role of anoikis‐related genes in diabetic foot

Abstract This study aims to investigate the role of anoikis‐related genes in diabetic foot (DF) by utilizing bioinformatics analysis to identify key genes associated with anoikis in DF. We selected the GEO datasets GSE7014, GSE80178 and GSE68183 for the extraction and analysis of differentially expressed anoikis‐related genes (DE‐ARGs). GO analysis and KEGG analysis indicated that DE‐ARGs in DF were primarily enriched in apoptosis, positive regulation of MAPK cascade, anoikis, focal adhesion and the PI3K‐Akt signalling pathway. Based on the LASSO and SVM‐RFE algorithms, we identified six characteristic genes. ROC curve analysis revealed that these six characteristic genes had an area under the curve (AUC) greater than 0.7, indicating good diagnostic efficacy. Expression analysis in the validation set revealed downregulation of CALR in DF, consistent with the training set results. GSEA results demonstrated that CALR was mainly enriched in blood vessel morphogenesis, endothelial cell migration, ECM‐receptor interaction and focal adhesion. The HPA database revealed that CALR was moderately enriched in endothelial cells, and CALR was found to interact with 63 protein‐coding genes. Functional analysis with DAVID suggested that CALR and associated genes were enriched in the phagosome component. CALR shows promise as a potential marker for the development and treatment of DF.
A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: The function of Angipoietin-2 (Agn2) in osteosarcoma has not been fully explored and exists controversial. Therefore, we conducted ameta-analysis to investigate the role of Agn2 in the prognosis of osteosarcoma. In addition, bioinformatics analysis was carried out to reveal the mechanism and related pathways of Agn2 in osteosarcoma. Methods: Literature search was operated on databases up to July 2021, including PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, and Wan Fang Data. The relation between Agn2 expression and survival outcome was estimated by hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval. Meta-analysis was performed on the Stata 16.0. Being obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas, the original data were used to further verify the prognostic role of Agn2 in osteosarcoma. Gene set enrichment analysis was applied to predict the potential mechanism of Agn2. The correlation between Agn2 and osteosarcoma immune infiltration was analyzed by TIMER database. Results: The results of this meta-analysis would be submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication. Conclusion: This study will provide evidence for the exploration of the relationship between Agn2 and the prognosis of osteosarcoma and its mechanism. Ethicsanddissemination: The private information from individuals will not be published. This systematic review also should not damage participants’ rights. Ethical approval is not available. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated in relevant conferences. OSF registration number: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/GWQ53. Abbreviations: Ang2 = Angipoietin-2, GSEA = gene set enrichment analysis, TCGA = The Cancer Genome Atlas.