Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyzing a Potential Drug Target N-Myristoyltransferase of Plasmodium falciparum Through In Silico Approaches

Background: Despite concerted global efforts to combat malaria, malaria elimination is still a remote dream. Fast evolution rate of malarial parasite along with its ability to respond quickly to any drug resulting in partial or complete resistance has been a cause of concern among researcher communities. Materials and Methods: Molecular modeling approach was adopted to gain insight about the structure and various analyses were performed. Modeller 9v3, Protparam, Protscale, MEME, NAMD and other tools were employed for this study. PROCHECK and other tools were used for stereo-chemical quality evaluation. Results and Conclusion: It was observed during the course of study that this protein contains 32.2% of aliphatic amino acids among which Leucine (9.5%) is predominant. Theoretical pI of 8.39 identified the protein as basic in nature and most of the amino acids present in N-Myristoyltransferase are hydrophobic (46.1%). Secondary structure analysis shows predominance of alpha helices and random coils. Motif analyses revealed that this target protein contains 2 signature motifs, i.e., EVNFLCVHK and KFGEGDG. Apart from motif search, three-dimensional model was generated and validated and the stereo-chemical quality check confirmed that 97.7% amino acid residues fall in the core region of Ramachandran plot. Molecular dynamics simulation resulted in maximum 1.3 Å Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) between the initial structure and the trajectories obtained later on. The template and the target molecule has shown 1.5 Å RMSD for the C alpha trace. A docking study was also conducted with various ligand molecules among which specific benzofuran compounds turned out to be effective. This derived information will help in designing new inhibitor molecules for this target protein as well in better understanding the parasite protein.
Intercomparison of direct and indirect measurements: Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) versus sonde ozone profiles

[1] The theoretical characterization of the specific relation between a measurement and the physical quantities we want to determine, along with an assessment of the accuracy of the instrument, form the instrument model. In order to check whether the instrument model is correct, the measurements need to be compared with independent measurements whose characterization and error analysis is better understood. A remote sounding instrument provides measurements that are indirectly related to the atmospheric state. In this paper a general technique for comparing indirect with direct measurements is discussed, applicable to remote sounding measurements obtained using both optimal estimators and maximum likelihood methods. A specific application to validation of Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) ozone retrievals using ozonesondes during winter 2002–2003 is described. No significant bias between the two instruments and a confirmation of the theoretical MIPAS accuracy assessment, after a discussion of specific comparisons, were found.
Melatonin Receptors: Molecular Biology of a New Family of G Protein-Coupled Receptors

A family of high-affinity, G protein-coupled receptors for the pineal hormone melatonin has been cloned from vertebrates. These recombinant receptors exhibit similar affinity and pharmacological characteristics to each other and to endogenous receptors, as defined with the melatonin agonist 2-[ 125I]iodomelatonin (125I-Mel). Two mammalian melatonin receptor subtypes have been identified by molecular cloning studies. The mammalian Mel1a melatonin receptor is expressed in most sites containing 125I-Mel binding. This includes the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus and hypophyseal pars tuberalis, presumed sites of the circadian and some of the reproductive actions of melatonin, respectively. The mammalian Mel 1b melatonin receptor is expressed in retina and brain and may mediate the reported effects of melatonin on retinal physiology in some mammals. A third receptor subtype, the Mel1c melatonin receptor, has been cloned from zebra fish, Xenopus, and chickens but not from mammals. Molecular cloning of a melatonin receptor family now makes possible gene targeting to precisely determine the physiological role(s) of each receptor subtype.
Physical Exercise in Patients with Severe Kidney Disease

Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially those on long-term dialysis, often suffer from muscle wasting and excessive fatigue. It is known that inactivity, muscle wasting and reduced physical functioning are associated with increased mortality in CKD. Known causes include uraemic myopathy and neuropathy, inactivity, and anaemia. Exercise in patients receiving regular dialysis treatment for end-stage renal disease was first introduced 3 decades ago, but is still only offered in a minority of renal units around the world, despite a significant body of evidence to support its use. Work is needed to increase awareness of the potential benefits of increased physical activity for patients with advanced CKD. This review summarizes the mechanisms of exercise intolerance and debility in advanced CKD patients, the methods used for the estimation of functional capacity, the options currently available for exercise training, and their influence on the well-being of this group of patients.
Gravity model improvement for Seasat

Analysis of the data from the SEASAT altimeter, a 10-cm precision instrument, requires accurate knowledge of the radial position of the spacecraft for oceanographic applications such as the study of tides and ocean circulation as well as for geodetic applications. Initial orbit determinations using the best available geodetic and force models gave radial errors approaching 5 m. The dominant source of this radial error was the gravity field model. Improvements in the gravity modeling were made by successively incorporating the SEASAT laser and Unified S Band ground tracking data, the GEOS 3 altimeter data, and finally, the SEASAT altimeter data. With the most recent model (a set of spherical harmonic coefficients complete to degree and order 36), SEASAT ephemerides have been computed for an orbital arc length of 12 days with an rms radial accuracy of about 70 cm.
Dynamic synapse: A new concept of neural representation and computation

Presynaptic mechanisms influencing the probability of neurotransmitter release from an axon terminal, such as facilitation, augmentation, and presynaptic feedback inhibition, are fundamental features of biological neurons and are cardinal physiological properties of synaptic connections in the hippocampus. The consequence of these presynaptic mechanisms is that the probability of release becomes a function of the temporal pattern of action potential occurrence, and hence, the strength of a given synapse varies upon the arrival of each action potential invading the terminal region. From the perspective of neural information processing, the capability of dynamically tuning the synaptic strength as a function of the level of neuronal activation gives rise to a significant representational and processing power of temporal spike patterns at the synaptic level. Furthermore, there is an exponential growth in such computational power when the specific dynamics of presynaptic mechanisms varies quantitatively across axon terminals of a single neuron, a recently established characteristic of hippocampal synapses. During learning, alterations in the presynaptic mechanisms lead to different pattern transformation functions, whereas changes in the postsynaptic mechanisms determine how the synaptic signals are to be combined. We demonstrate the computational capability of dynamic synapses by performing speech recognition from unprocessed, noisy raw waveforms of words spoken by multiple speakers with a simple neural network consisting of a small number of neurons connected with synapses incorporating dynamically determined probability of release. The dynamics included in the model are consistent with available experimental data on hippocampal neurons in that parameter values were chosen so as to be consistent with time constants of facilitative and inhibitory processes governing the dynamics of hippocampal synaptic transmission studied using nonlinear systems analytic procedures. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How to Teach Medication Management: A Review of Novel Educational Materials in Geriatrics

Medication management is an important component of medical education, particularly in the field of geriatrics. The Association of American Medical Colleges has put forth 26 minimum geriatrics competencies under eight domains for graduating medical students; medication management is one of these domains. The Portal of Geriatric Online education (www.POGOe.org) is an online public repository of geriatrics educational materials and modules developed by geriatrics educators and academicians in the United States, freely available for use by educators and learners in the field. The three POGOe materials presented in this review showcase pearls of medication management for medical and other professional students in novel learning formats that can be administered without major prior preparation. The review compares and contrasts the three materials in descriptive and tabular formats to enable its appropriate use by educators in promoting self‐learning or group learning among their learners.
File Exchange in a Private Cloud Supported by a Trust Model

Cloud computing is being progressively adopted in different business scenarios in order to obtain flexible and reliable computing environments, with several supporting solutions available in the market. Computing systems trust representation have been widely discussed and applied in a lot of information technology scenarios, becoming subject of scientific researches. This paper proposes the development of a trust model to ensure a reliable files exchange among nodes in a private cloud, as well as the calculation process of trust among them, according to the established metrics. The simulation result using CloudSim framework shows the effectiveness of the model in selecting more reliable node in private cloud.
APORTACIONES AL CONOCIMIENTO DE LOS MOSQUITOS (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE) DE ALTA MONTAÑA PRESENTES EN LA PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA

Several larval samplings of mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) in different mountainous regions of the peninsular Spain were carried out. A total of 2796 specimens belonging to 18 species were collected, nevertheless the 72.5 % of these finds includes only three of them (Cx. hortensis hortensis, Cx. pipiens and Cs. longiareolata). The adaptation capacity to a varied typology of water bodies together with the marked multivoltinism that characterizes their biotic cycles are postulated as two of the principal reasons that explain their abundances. The altitudinal distribution as well as some information about the bioecology of all the species captured are also exposed.
Floodplain Rehabilitation as a Hedge against Hydroclimatic Uncertainty in a Migration Corridor of Threatened Steelhead

A strategy for recovering endangered species during climate change is to restore ecosystem processes that moderate effects of climate shifts. In mid‐latitudes, storm patterns may shift their intensity, duration, and frequency. These shifts threaten flooding in human communities and reduce migration windows (conditions suitable for migration after a storm) for fish. Rehabilitation of historic floodplains can in principle reduce these threats via transient storage of storm water, but no one has quantified the benefit of floodplain rehabilitation for migrating fish, a widespread biota with conservation and economic value. We used simple models to quantify migration opportunity for a threatened migratory fish, steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss), in an episodic rain‐fed river system, the Pajaro River in central California. We combined flow models, bioenergetic models, and existing climate projections to estimate the sensitivity of migration windows to altered storm patterns under alternate scenarios of floodplain rehabilitation. Generally, migration opportunities were insensitive to warming, weakly sensitive to duration or intensity of storms, and proportionately sensitive to frequency of storms. The rehabilitation strategy expanded migration windows by 16–28% regardless of climate outcomes. Warmer conditions raised the energy cost of migrating, but not enough to matter biologically. Novel findings were that fewer storms appeared to pose a bigger threat to migrating steelhead than warmer or smaller storms and that floodplain rehabilitation lessened the risk from fewer or smaller storms across all plausible hydroclimatic outcomes. It follows that statistical downscaling methods may mischaracterize risk, depending on how they resolve overall precipitation shifts into changes of storm frequency as opposed to storm size. Moreover, anticipating effects of climate shifts that are irreducibly uncertain (here, rainfall) may be more important than anticipating effects of relatively predictable changes such as warming. This highlights a need to credibly identify strategies of ecosystem rehabilitation that are robust to uncertainty.
Reranking Bilingually Extracted Paraphrases Using Monolingual Distributional Similarity

This paper improves an existing bilingual paraphrase extraction technique using monolingual distributional similarity to rerank candidate paraphrases. Raw monolingual data provides a complementary and orthogonal source of information that lessens the commonly observed errors in bilingual pivot-based methods. Our experiments reveal that monolingual scoring of bilingually extracted paraphrases has a significantly stronger correlation with human judgment for grammaticality than the probabilities assigned by the bilingual pivoting method does. The results also show that monolingual distribution similarity can serve as a threshold for high precision paraphrase selection.
How Do You Improve Compliance?

Compliance, or adherence, as it relates to health care is the extent to which a person's behavior coincides with medical or health advice. Medication compliance is critical for all aspects of pediatrics, specifically in successful treatment, disease prevention, and health promotion. Compliance depends on the patient's and physician's committing to the same objectives. It is unfortunate that numerous studies and physician accounts reveal difficulties in achieving compliance with pediatric medication therapy. Medication compliance in pediatric patients ranges from 11% to 93%. At least one third of all patients fail to complete relatively short-term treatment regimens. Poor compliance places children at risk for problems such as continued disease, complicates the physician-patient relationship, and prevents accurate assessment of the quality of care provided. This article presents the issue in the context of its incidence of and barriers to compliance and provides general principles to improve compliance in pediatrics by improving communication and characteristics of the practice setting. A one-on-one relationship between physician and patient is needed for communication and improved compliance.
Gene Variation of the Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel, Subfamily M, Member 7 (TRPM7), and Risk of Incident Ischemic Stroke: Prospective, Nested, Case-Control Study

Background and Purpose— Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 7 (TRPM7), has been implicated in ischemic brain damage, a major source of morbidity and mortality in westernized society. We hypothesized that TRPM7 gene variation might play a role in the risk of ischemic stroke. Methods— From a group of DNA samples collected at baseline in a prospective cohort of 14 916 initially healthy American men, we assessed 16 TRPM7 tag–single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (dbSNP: rs11854949, rs4775899, rs11635825, rs12905120, rs16973487, rs7173321, rs7163283, rs17520378, rs17520350, rs4775892, rs7174839, rs17645523, rs3109894, rs616256, rs11070795, and rs313158) from 245 white men who subsequently had an incident ischemic stroke and from 245 age- and smoking habit–matched white men who remained free of reported vascular disease during follow-up (controls). Results— All SNPs examined were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Overall allele, genotype, and haplotype distributions were similar between cases and controls. Marker-by-marker conditional logistic-regression analysis, adjusted for potential risk factors, showed no evidence for an association between any of the SNPs tested and ischemic stroke. Further investigation with an Entropy Blocker–defined, haplotype-based approach showed similar null findings. Prespecified analysis limited to participants without baseline diabetes and hypertension (ie, low-risk group) again showed similar null findings. Conclusions— The present prospective investigation provides no evidence of a role for the TRPM7 gene in the risk of incident ischemic stroke.
Nucleolar organizer regions in mucinous tumours of the ovary

A review of the literature suggests that this is probably the first reported case of a carcinoid tumour of Meckel’s diverticulum associated with a colonic adenocarcinoma. A previous case associated with a uterine adenocarcinoma was reported by Becache, Levardon & Groussard (1974). These two cases suggest that, although second primary tumours with Meckel’s carcinoids may not be as common as with small intestinal carcinoids, they do occur and a careful look for them is warranted. The cases also support a previous conclusion, drawn after reviewing 47 published cases of carcinoids of Meckel’s diverticulum, that these tumours behave more like small intestinal rather than appendiceal carcinoids (Jones, Thompson & Williams 1972).
Lystrosaurus species composition across the Permo-Triassic boundary in the Karoo Basin of South Africa

Lystrosaurus is one of the few therapsid genera that survived the end-Permian mass extinction, and the only genus to have done so in abundance. This study identifies which species of Lystrosaurus have been recovered from Permian and Triassic strata to determine changes in the species composition across the Permo–Triassic (P–T) boundary in the Karoo Basin of South Africa. Data generated from museum collections and recent fieldwork were used to stratigraphically arrange a total of 189 Lystrosaurus specimens to determine which species survived the extinction event. Results reveal that L. curvatus and L. maccaigi lived together on the Karoo floodplains immediately before the extinction event. L. maccaigi did not survive into the Triassic in South Africa. L. curvatus survived, but did not flourish and soon became extinct. Two new species of Lystrosaurus, L. murrayi and L. declivis, appeared in the Early Triassic. It is possible that L. murrayi and L. declivis occupied different niches to L. maccaigi and L. curvatus, and had special adaptations that were advantageous in an Early Triassic environment. We suggest that L. maccaigi may be used as a biostratigraphic marker to indicate latest Permian strata in South Africa and that, in support of previous proposals, the genus Lystrosaurus should not be used as a sole indicator of Triassic-aged strata. Our field data also show that L. curvatus may be regarded as a biostratigraphic indicator of the P–T boundary interval.
Genetic Susceptibility Variants for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Background: There is strong and consistent evidence that a genetic component contributes to the etiology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). A recent genome-wide association study of CLL identified seven genetic variants that increased the risk of CLL within a European population. Methods: We evaluated the association of these variants, or variants in linkage disequilibrium with these variants, with CLL risk in an independent sample of 438 CLL cases and 328 controls. Results: Of these seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), six had P trend < 0.05 and had estimated odds ratios (OR) that were strikingly comparable to those of the previous study. Associations were seen for rs9378805 [OR, 1.47; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.19-1.80; P trend = 0.0003] near IRF4 and rs735665 near GRAMD1B (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.14-1.89; P trend = 0.003). However, no associations (P > 0.05) were found for rs11083846, nor were any found for any SNP in linkage disequilibrium with rs11083846. Conclusions: Our results confirm the previous findings and further support the role of a genetic basis in the etiology of CLL; however, more research is needed to elucidate the causal SNP(s) and the potential manner in which these SNPs or linked SNPs function in CLL pathogenesis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(4); 1098–102. ©2010 AACR.
Designing next-generation platforms for evaluating scientific output: what scientists can learn from the social web

Traditional pre-publication peer review of scientific output is a slow, inefficient, and unreliable process. Efforts to replace or supplement traditional evaluation models with open evaluation platforms that leverage advances in information technology are slowly gaining traction, but remain in the early stages of design and implementation. Here I discuss a number of considerations relevant to the development of such platforms. I focus particular attention on three core elements that next-generation evaluation platforms should strive to emphasize, including (1) open and transparent access to accumulated evaluation data, (2) personalized and highly customizable performance metrics, and (3) appropriate short-term incentivization of the userbase. Because all of these elements have already been successfully implemented on a large scale in hundreds of existing social web applications, I argue that development of new scientific evaluation platforms should proceed largely by adapting existing techniques rather than engineering entirely new evaluation mechanisms. Successful implementation of open evaluation platforms has the potential to substantially advance both the pace and the quality of scientific publication and evaluation, and the scientific community has a vested interest in shifting toward such models as soon as possible.
Kinematical description of the spontaneous imbibition processes

A set of experiments of spontaneous imbibition for water displacing oil or a mixture of water and glyc- erine displacing oil, on flat and rectangular Hele-Shaw cells, is reported. Visualization of the imbibition process allowed the knowledge of the evolution of three basic kinematical variables: the active oil area, the interfacial length and the mean velocity of displacement. A derived kinematical variable, the active area equivalent length, is shown to be well suited for the kinematical description of spontaneous imbibition processes, since its normalized values become lumped to a narrow experimental band when two time scales are defined and used, looking for a self-similar behavior. The dimensionless active area equivalent length is found to be lumped to a narrow time gap, for a potential function with two time scales. This function is found to be appropriate for further description by a fractal approach.
Measuring progress in global tuberculosis control: WHO Policy and Recommendations

health units providing TB diagnostic and treatment services, number of NTP staff, NTP funding, number of smears examined per diagnosed TB case, % cases among immigrants, prevalence of risk factors for TB of the case detection rate. The denominator of the case detection rate is incidence, not prevalence. Converting prevalence estimates to estimates of incidence requires assumptions about the duration of disease; there will also be uncertainty about the true incidence rate because of uncertainty in the estimate of prevalence.