Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamic study of pressure swing rotating bubble cap column with gas-liquid systems

ABSTRACT The present investigation on a hydrodynamic study focused on the RPM and pressure drop in a pressure swing rotating bubble cap (PSRBC) sparger column. PSRBC is one of its kind, which has the capability of producing bubbles and effective mixing in the sparged column. In this experimental work, a plastic PSRBC sparger of cylindrical shape has been designed and used for the supply of compressed gas (air) through the stationary liquid (water-glycerine solution) pool. The system variables viz. superficial air velocity, stationary liquid height, column diameter, the viscosity of liquid and sparger outlet opening area are considered for this study. Model equations have been developed for predicting RPM for the PSRBC sparger and pressure drop of the column in dimensionless form. The calculated values from predicted models have been compared with the experimental values and the coefficients of correlations are found to be more than 0.97. The present hydrodynamic study relates to RPM and pressure drop and may be useful for the design of gas–liquid systems viz. bubble columns, deaerators, bio-reactors (without stirrer) etc. where the interfacial area of gas–liquid has a distinct role in the performance. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
A graphic-based method for Chinese Oracle-bone classification

The Chinese oracle-bone inscription is one of the earliest known hieroglyphic inscriptions,and it has been a difficult problem for decades to automatically recognize the inscription.In order to solve the relative classification tasks,this paper proposed a Fourier Descriptor based on Curvature Histogram(FDCH),and further employed it to classify oracle-bone inscription,which can be adopted to improve the classification as the retrieval result of the oracle-bone inscription.The proposed descriptor is of translation,rotation and scaling invariance.Experiment within small scope indicates that this method performs well in inscription classification.
High Performance and Cycling Stability Supercapacitors Employing MnS@Polypyrrole Nanocomposites as Cathode Material

In this study, MnS metal sulphide was incorporated into polypyrrole (PPy) matrix, and the fabricated nanocomposites were used for the first time as active electrode in supercapacitor (SC) architecture. MnS was obtained in a short time (15 min) via simple microwave technique, and the nanocomposite was synthesised successfully with electropolymerization of PPy in presence of MnS on nickel foam. Incorporation of MnS changed the growth mechanism of PPy, leading to increase in surface area, electrocatalytic activity and conductivity of the resulted nanocomposites. More importantly, MnS@PPy electrode exhibited a specific capacitance (Cs) of 1102 F/g which is approximately 5.6 times higher than that of the bare PPy (197 F/g). Furthermore, energy density (Ed) of the bare PPy was determined as 4.37 W/kg, by incorporation of MnS into PPy matrix the Ed value increased to 24.5 W/kg. On the other hand, after 1000 charge/discharge cycles, the cycle stability of the bare PPy remained at 72%, while MnS@PPy nanocomposite electrode is 95 %. The reasons for these improvements can be listed as; i) the increase in conductivity of nanocomposite stem from the synergistic effect between MnS and PPy, ii) the enlargement of the active surface area, iii) the increase in the ion diffusion rate, iv) the improvement of charge transfer kinetics and v) the increase in stability against volume change. In the light of the results obtained from this study, it can be said that the MnS@PPy structured nanocomposite is a promising candidate for commercialization of SC applications.
EXPLORING A NEW DESIGN APPROACH TO REVIVE THE DAMAGED HERITAGE BUILDINGS IN POST-DISASTER CITIES

Abstract Heritage is the inherited past; it is what evokes a nostalgic sense of tradition or history. In built environment, it’s meant to note the structures, buildings or urban areas that are of historic, aesthetic, architectural or cultural significance. Heritage buildings may be considered as the most permanent method by which cultures of civilizations are remembered. Disasters, whether natural or manmade, are usually accompanied with physical destruction, property damage, deaths, injuries and leaving so many homeless. The result is a downfall on social and economic levels. Typically, this leaves the community vulnerable, making it urgent to rebuild and heal the damaged society. This researches argues damaged heritage buildings are not passive victims to be rescued but an active agent providing resilience to post-disaster cities. For this novel study, the research aims to propose a new design approach to revive the damaged heritage buildings in post disaster cities. To achieve this aim, the research will first start with reviewing the literature by analysing similar examples. The second part will focus on the case study: Beirut in the aftermath of the explosion. As a conclusion, a mixed approach of restoration, adaptive re-formation and engaging social connectivity can revive the heritage, ensure remembrance, help overcome the blast and rebuild city resilience.
Hohenberg–Kohn theorems in the presence of magnetic field

In this article, we examine Hohenberg–Kohn theorems for Current Density Functional Theory, that is, generalizations of the classical Hohenberg–Kohn theorem that includes both electric and magnetic fields. In the Vignale and Rasolt formulation (Vignale and Rasolt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 1987, 59, 2360), which uses the paramagnetic current density, we address the issue of degenerate ground states and prove that the ensemble-representable particle and paramagnetic current density determine the degenerate ground states. For the formulation that uses the total current density, we note that the proof suggested by Diener (Diener, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter. 1991, 3, 9417) is unfortunately not correct. Furthermore, we give a proof that the magnetic field and the ensemble-representable particle density determine the scalar and vector potentials up to a gauge transformation. This generalizes the result of Grayce and Harris (Grayce and Harris, Phys. Rev. A 1994, 50, 3089) to the case of degenerate ground states. We moreover prove the existence of a positive wavefunction that is the ground state of infinitely many different Hamiltonians. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ON SOME VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES IN THE THEORY OF ELASTICITY AND THE THEORY OF PLASTICITY

In this paper, some general variational principles in the theory of elasticity and the theory of plasticity are established. Consider an elastic body in equilibrium with small displacement. By regarding u, v, w, e x , e y , e z , y yz , y xz , y xy , σ x,σ y, σ z,τ yz ,τ xz ,τ xy as fifteen independent functions, and letting their variations be free from any restriction, we establish two variational principles, called the principle of generalized complementary energy and the principle of generalized potential energy. Each principle is equivalent to the four sets o? fundamental equations of the theory of elasticity, namely, the equations of equilibrium, the stress strain relations, the strain displacement relations and the appropriate boundary conditions. Special cases of these principles are examined. These principles are next expressed in other forms, where u, v, w, σ x ,σ y , σ z ,τ yz ,τ xz ,τ xy are regarded as nine independent functions with their variations free from any restrictions. Next we consider the bending of a thin elastic plate with supported edges under large deflection. By regarding M x , M y , M xy , N x , N y , N xy , u, v, w as nine independent functions with the restriction that w should vanish along the contour of the plate, we establish a variational principle, called the principle of generalized potential energy, which is equivalent to the three sets of fundamental equations in the theory of bending of thin plate, namely, the equations of equilibrium, the displacement stress relations (strain stress relations) and the appropriate boundary conditions. This principle is next expressed in another form which is more convenient for application. As an illustration, von Karman's equations for the large deflection of thin plate are derived from this principle. In von Karman's equations, one unknown is the deflection and the other unknown is the membrane stress function. Therefore it is impossible to derive von Karman's equations either from the principle of minimum potential energy or from the principle of complementary energy. Finally we consider the equilibrium of a plastic body with small displacement. In the case of the deformation type of stress strain relations, we establish two variational principles, each of which is equivalent to the equations of equilibrium, a certain type of stress strain relations and the appropriate boundary conditions. In these variational principles, u, v, w and their variations are free from any restriction, and σ x ,σ y , σ z ,τ yz ,τ xz ,τ xy and their variations satisfy a certain yield condition. In the case of the flow type of stress strain relations, we get two similar variational principles, in which u, v, w and their variations are free from any restriction, σ x ,σ y , σ z , τ yz ,τ xz ,τ xy and their variations satisfy a certain yield condition and σ x ,σ y , σ z , τ yz ,τ xz ,τ xy have no variations.
Graphical Representation of the Power Rates for the Winsorized Modified Alexander-Govern Test

Aims and Objectives: This research deals with the comparison of the power rates of five different tests, namely: the Alexander-Govern (AG) test, the modified one step M-estimator in the Alexander-Govern (AGMOM) test, the Winsorized modified one step M-estimator in the Alexander-Govern (AGWMOM) test, the t-test and the ANOVA, for two, four and six group conditions, positively and negatively with each of the g- and h- distribution. To see of the five tests which one of them will produce the highest power for g = 0 and h = 0, g = 0 and h = 0.5, g = 0.5 and h = 0 and g = 0.5 and h = 0.5 respectively. Method: A line graph is used to show the graphical representation of the trends of the five listed tests, with respect to the effect size index (d) for two groups and (f) for more than two groups conditions. To see those tests that produced the minimum power value of 0.5 and also those tests that produced a power value of 0.8 and are considered to be sufficient and high. Results: The power values of the five different tests, under normal distribution for two group condition only, shows that the power values of the five tests is above the minimum power value of 0.5. Conclusions: The AGWMOM test produced the highest power values under skewed heavy tailed distribution, for four group condition only, with values of 0.9562 and 0.8336, compared to the other four tests, and the power of the test is regarded as sufficient and high.
Design of a Stable Direct Model Reference Adaptive Controller for a Class of Processes not Satisfying a Positive Real Constraint

In this paper we give an asymptotic output tracking algorithm for a new modification to a direct model reference adaptive control procedure (DMRAC). This modification, which expands the class of processes that can now be controlled with zero output error. The new algorithm is applied to single input single output plants (SISO) with significant parametric uncertainty and unmodeled dynamics. Simulations examples are given to demonstrate the usefulness of the algorithm.
On the Generalized Exp-Function Method and Its Application to Boundary Layer Flow at Nano-Scale

The standard Exp-function method has been widely used to solve different kinds of nonlinear wave equations. Recently, a generalized form of this method has been also proposed. However, to our understanding, neither the standard Exp-function method nor the newly developed generalized method was used to solve nonlinear boundary value problems. The recently developed generalized Exp-function method will be employed in this work to handle the nonlinear boundary value problem that describes the nano boundary layer flow. It is also shown in this work that the exact solutions achieved via the generalized Exp-function method can not be obtained by using the standard Exp-function method for the current boundary value problem. However, the results obtained by the generalized Exp-function method are found similar to those obtained very recently using the simplest equation method and the G′/G-expansion method for the current problem.
Shaping of Rollable, Singly Curved, Parabolic Shell Reflectors

A novel, rollable, singly curved, parabolic shell reflector and its nontrivial shaping method were developed. The rollable shell reflector was a monolithic thin rectangular plate with linearly varying thickness, and it was able to roll up elastically around a mandrel. A system of end moments and loads was used to shape the linearly thickness-tapered plate into a parabolic cylinder, and a mathematical model was deduced to predict the shape accuracy of the thin plate based on nonlinear beam theory. A certain parabolic cylinder reflector was analyzed by the proposed shaping method. The optimized shape accuracy agreed well with the simulation result, and it was able to meet the precision requirement. The proposed shaping method provided a promising technology for enabling a high-precision parabolic cylinder shell reflector with different apertures.
Recursive Colorings of Graphs

A graph G is an ordered pair G = (V, E) where E is a set of 2-element subsets of V. The set V is the set of vertices, and E is the set of edges. The vertices x and y are joined by an edge if {x, y} is an edge. If X is a set (of colors) and χ : V →X, then we say that χ is an X-coloring of G if whenever two vertices x and y are joined by an edge, then χ(x) ≠ x(y). A graph is X-colorable if there is an χ-coloring of it. We will identify the natural number n with the set {0, 1, …, n – 1}, and often refer to n-colorings and to graphs being n-colorable.
Nonlinear feedback controller of a microbeam resonator

This paper is concerned with the modeling, nonlinear dynamic analysis and control design of an electrostatically actuated clamped-clamped microbeam. The model accounts for the mid-plane stretching and nonlinear form of the electrostatic force actuated along the microbeam span. A reduced-order model is constructed, using the method of multiple scales, to examine the microsystem static and dynamics behaviors. To improve the microbeam behavior, a nonlinear feedback controller is proposed. The main control objective is to make it behave like commonly known one-degree-of-freedom self-excited oscillators, such as the van der Pol and Rayleigh oscillators, which depict attractive filtering features in their dynamic frequency responses. For this, a review of the nonlinear dynamics of one of these oscillators is first provided to gain insight into its appealing filtering characteristics. We then present a novel control design that regulates the pass band of the considered microbeam and derive analytical expressions that approximate the nonlinear resonance frequencies and amplitudes of the periodic solutions when it is subjected to one-point then to fully distributed feedback forces. We apply Floquet theory to ascertain the stability of the limit cycles. We finally suggest an electronic circuitry made of six analog devices AD633JN for the implementation of the proposed feedback controller.
Machine Learning for Detecting Total Knee Arthroplasty Implant Loosening on Plain Radiographs

(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the loosening of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implants could be detected accurately on plain radiographs using a deep convolution neural network (CNN). (2) Methods: We analyzed data for 100 patients who underwent revision TKA due to prosthetic loosening at a single institution from 2012 to 2020. We extracted 100 patients who underwent primary TKA without loosening through a propensity score, matching for age, gender, body mass index, operation side, and American Society of Anesthesiologists class. Transfer learning was used to prepare a detection model using a pre-trained Visual Geometry Group (VGG) 19. For transfer learning, two methods were used. First, the fully connected layer was removed, and a new fully connected layer was added to construct a new model. The convolutional layer was frozen without training, and only the fully connected layer was trained (transfer learning model 1). Second, a new model was constructed by adding a fully connected layer and varying the range of freezing for the convolutional layer (transfer learning model 2). (3) Results: The transfer learning model 1 gradually increased in accuracy and ultimately reached 87.5%. After processing through the confusion matrix, the sensitivity was 90% and the specificity was 100%. Transfer learning model 2, which was trained on the convolutional layer, gradually increased in accuracy and ultimately reached 97.5%, which represented a better improvement than for model 1. Processing through the confusion matrix affirmed that the sensitivity was 100% and the specificity was 97.5%. (4) Conclusions: The CNN algorithm, through transfer learning, shows high accuracy for detecting the loosening of TKA implants on plain radiographs.
Exploiting user preference similarity transitivity in nearest neighbour recommender algorithms

This thesis explores the Nearest Neighbour recommender algorithm and a proposed way of recomputing the elements of a set, containing values from a similarity metric. In essence, this extends the neighbourhood used in the algorithm by making use of close neighbours’ neighbours. This proposal is motivated by the hypothesis that high user preference similarity is transitive. A programme was implemented in Matlab, and one of the MovieLens data sets was used. Three experiments were run. These indicated that further exploration of this property and the proposed methods could be of interest. The final experiment was run on the simplest form of a Nearest Neighbour recommender, with the added re-computational step, and suggests that there is a small, but statistically significant, improvement due to this new step (for one of the proposed methods) confirming the hypothesis. The improvement of the errors of estimated rating predictions were in the order of magnitude 0.1 %.
Deep learning architecture for 3D image super-resolution of late gadolinium enhanced cardiac MRI

Abstract. Purpose High-resolution late gadolinium enhanced (LGE) cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumes are difficult to acquire due to the limitations of the maximal breath-hold time achievable by the patient. This results in anisotropic 3D volumes of the heart with high in-plane resolution, but low-through-plane resolution. Thus, we propose a 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) approach to improve the through-plane resolution of the cardiac LGE-MRI volumes. Approach We present a 3D CNN-based framework with two branches: a super-resolution branch to learn the mapping between low-resolution and high-resolution LGE-MRI volumes, and a gradient branch that learns the mapping between the gradient map of low-resolution LGE-MRI volumes and the gradient map of high-resolution LGE-MRI volumes. The gradient branch provides structural guidance to the CNN-based super-resolution framework. To assess the performance of the proposed CNN-based framework, we train two CNN models with and without gradient guidance, namely, dense deep back-projection network (DBPN) and enhanced deep super-resolution network. We train and evaluate our method on the 2018 atrial segmentation challenge dataset. Additionally, we also evaluate these trained models on the left atrial and scar quantification and segmentation challenge 2022 dataset to assess their generalization ability. Finally, we investigate the effect of the proposed CNN-based super-resolution framework on the 3D segmentation of the left atrium (LA) from these cardiac LGE-MRI image volumes. Results Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed CNN method with gradient guidance consistently outperforms bicubic interpolation and the CNN models without gradient guidance. Furthermore, the segmentation results, evaluated using Dice score, obtained using the super-resolved images generated by our proposed method are superior to the segmentation results obtained using the images generated by bicubic interpolation (p < 0.01) and the CNN models without gradient guidance (p < 0.05). Conclusion The presented CNN-based super-resolution method with gradient guidance improves the through-plane resolution of the LGE-MRI volumes and the structure guidance provided by the gradient branch can be useful to aid the 3D segmentation of cardiac chambers, such as LA, from the 3D LGE-MRI images.
A Generalization of the Mapping Degree

For the single-valued case the notion of degree has been given recent expression by papers of Dold [5] for the finite dimensional case, and by Leray-Schauder [8] for the locally convex linear topological space. Klee [7] has removed this restriction by use of shrinkable in place of convex neighborhoods with the central role filled by a form of (2.15) below. For set-valued maps a modern formulation is, for instance, to be found in Gorniewicz-Granas [6]. These contributions relate the degree to the Lefschetz number, and the set-valued maps are required to map points into acyclic sets; that is to say, into "swollen points".
Decoupled Indian Summer Monsoon Intensity and Effective Moisture Since the Last Glaciation in Southwest China

Effective moisture (EM) distribution in the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) region is strongly related to regional topography. An understanding of climate change and the interactions between climate variables can help predict future climate variations. Here, we reconstruct a stack EM record for Southwest China over the past 90 kyr using environmental magnetism in lake sediment. The EM in Southwest China at the orbital scale was closely linked to precession‐induced change in North Hemisphere solar insolation, as well as the ISM variability. However, at the glacial‐interglacial scale, it was decoupled with ISM intensity, being wetter during glacial periods (weakened ISM) and drier during interglacial periods (enhanced ISM). Combined with modern meteorological observations, we suggest that the topographical barrier effect and temperature induced dryness are responsible for the decoupling between ISM intensity and EM. The terrestrial topography and temperature strongly influence EM distribution by altering the dynamics of onshore airflow and evapotranspiration.