Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sentiment Analysis of Product Reviews

Sentiment analysis is a kind of text classification that classifies texts based on the sentimental orientation (SO) of opinions they contain. Sentiment analysis of product reviews has recently become very popular in text mining and computational linguistics research. The following example provides an overall idea of the challenge. The sentences below are extracted from a movie review on the Internet Movie Database:
Logistics network design based on Value Constellation

With the development of information technology and the complexity of intertwined interests, traditional logistics management based on value chain has been unable to meet the needs of modern logistics management. In this paper, firstly, the traditional logistics network and its problems were depicted; Then considering all benefit counterparts, the idea of the logistics network was developed and a modern logistics management network was built based on the Value Constellation, which was helpful in improving the management of modern logistics.
Prepositional Phrase Attachment Through A Hybrid Disambiguation Model

Prepositional phrase attachment is a major cause of structural ambiguity in natural language. Recent work has been dependent on corpus-based approaches to deal with this problem. However, corpus-based approaches suffer from the sparse-data problem. To cope with this problem, we introduce a hybrid method of integrating corpus-based approach with knowledge-based techniques, using a wide-variety of information that comes from annotated corpora and a machinere-adable dictionary. When the occurrence frequency on the corpora is low, we use preference rules to determine PP attachment based on clues from conceptual information. An experiment has proven that our hybrid method is both effective and applicable in practice.
CliqueSquare in action: Flat plans for massively parallel RDF queries

RDF is an increasingly popular data model for many practical applications, leading to large volumes of RDF data; efficient RDF data management methods are crucial to allow applications to scale. We propose to demonstrate CliqueSquare, an RDF data management system built on top of a MapReduce-like infrastructure. The main technical novelty of CliqueSquare resides in its logical query optimization algorithm, guaranteed to find a logical plan as flat as possible for a given query, meaning: a plan having the smallest possible number of join operators on top of each other. CliqueSquare's ability to build flat plans allows it to take advantage of a parallel processing framework in order to shorten response times. We demonstrate loading and querying the data, with a particular focus on query optimization, and on the performance benefits of CliqueSquare's flat plans.
Certification and Efficient Proofs of Committed Topology Graphs

Digital signature schemes are a foundational cryptographic building block in certification and the projection of trust. Based on a signature scheme on committed graphs, we propose a toolkit of certification and proof methods to sign committed topology graphs and to prove properties of their certificates in zero-knowledge. This toolkit allows an issuer, such as an auditor, to sign the topology representation of an infrastructure. The prover, such as an infrastructure provider, can then convince a verifier of topology properties, such as partitions, connectivity or isolation, without disclosing the structure of the topology itself. By that, we can achieve the certification of the structure of critical systems, such as infrastructure clouds or outsourced systems, while still maintaining confidentiality. We offer zero-knowledge proofs of knowledge for a general specification language of security goals for virtualized infrastructures, such that high-level security goals can be proven over the topology certificate. Our method builds upon the Camenisch-Lysyanskaya signature scheme, is based on honest-verifier proofs and the strong RSA assumption.
Transmission, diversity and virulence factors of Streptococcus mutans genotypes

Dental caries is an infectious and transmissible disease, in which many genetic, environmental and behavioral risk factors interact. The mutans streptococci (MS), mainly Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are the micro- organisms most strongly associated with this disease. The main virulence factors associated with MS cariogenicity include adhesion, acidogenicity and acid tolerance. These properties work together to modify the physico-chemical properties of the biofilm, resulting in ecological changes in the form of increased proportions of S. mutans and other acidogenic and aciduric species. In addition, reports of higher numbers of S. mutans genotypes with increased virulence in caries-active subjects suggest the importance of microenvironmental factors in increasing the risk of caries. This review focuses on the transmission and establishment of different genotypes of S. mutans and the role they play in the development of dental caries. (J. Oral Sci. 47, 59-64, 2005)
Persistence and Bioavailability of Transgenic Genes Released from Genetically Modified Papaya and the Influence on Soil Bacterial Communities in Taiwan

Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is the most destructive disease of papaya (Carica papaya L.) in Taiwan, and transgenic papaya resistant to PRSV and PLDMV (papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus) were developed in Taiwan. Horizontal gene transformation (HGT) of kanamycin resistant gene nptII from transgenic papaya, the persistence of transgenic genes in soil samples, and the influence of transgenic papaya on the soil diversity of microorganisms were reported. Two strains of Acinetobacter sp. BD413 and BD413 (pFG4 nptII) were used as recipient cells, and no transformation was detected in both bacteria when transgenic papaya genomic DNA were added. However, transformations were detected in Acinetobacter sp. BD413 (pFG4 nptII) on filter and in soil microcosms when PCR products of different lengths (1396, 786, and 604 bp, contained nptII) amplified from transgenic papaya DNA were added. The persistence of transgenic gene of 398 bp (located between plasmid pBI121 and NOS terminator, pBI121/NOS-T) in soil was 0.06 g g soil, whereas the residues of 769 bp (located between 35S promoter and coat protein, 35S-P/PRSV-CP) and 200 bp (located between NOS promoter and nptII gene, NOSP/nptII) were less than 30 pg g soil (detection limit). The influence of transgenic papaya on the soil diversity of microorganisms were conducted by DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) method, and the results showed that some differences appeared on the bacterial DGGE patterns at the beginning of planting, but the difference reduced after six months. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Genome-wide analysis of the Drosophila immune response by using oligonucleotide microarrays

To identify new Drosophila genes involved in the immune response, we monitored the gene expression profile of adult flies in response to microbial infection by using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays encompassing nearly the full Drosophila genome. Of 13,197 genes tested, we have characterized 230 induced and 170 repressed by microbial infection, most of which had not previously been associated with the immune response. Many of these genes can be assigned to specific aspects of the immune response, including recognition, phagocytosis, coagulation, melanization, activation of NF-κB transcription factors, synthesis of antimicrobial peptides, production of reactive oxygen species, and regulation of iron metabolism. Additionally, we found a large number of genes with unknown function that may be involved in control and execution of the immune response. Determining the function of these genes represents an important challenge for improving our knowledge of innate immunity. Complete results may be found at http://www.fruitfly. org/expression/immunity/.
An introduction to biomolecular simulations and docking

The biomolecules in and around a living cell – proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates – continuously sample myriad conformational states that are thermally accessible at physiological temperatures. Simultaneously, a given biomolecule also samples (and is sampled by) a rapidly fluctuating local environment comprising other biopolymers, small molecules, water, ions, etc. that diffuse to within a few nanometres, leading to inter-molecular contacts that stitch together large supramolecular assemblies. Indeed, all biological systems can be viewed as dynamic networks of molecular interactions. As a complement to experimentation, molecular simulation offers a uniquely powerful approach to analyse biomolecular structure, mechanism and dynamics; this is possible because the molecular contacts that define a complicated biomolecular system are governed by the same physical principles (forces and energetics) that characterise individual small molecules, and these simpler systems are relatively well-understood. With modern algorithms and computing capabilities, simulations are now an indispensable tool for examining biomolecular assemblies in atomic detail, from the conformational motion in an individual protein to the diffusional dynamics and inter-molecular collisions in the early stages of formation of cellular-scale assemblies such as the ribosome. This text introduces the physicochemical foundations of molecular simulations and docking, largely from the perspective of biomolecular interactions.
Epstein-Barr virus gene expression and latency pattern in gastric carcinomas: a systematic review.

METHODS A systematic review of literature was conducted to identify all published reports regarding the expression of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) proteins/transcripts and EBV latency patterns in EBV-associated gastric carcinomas (EBVaGC). RESULTS The literature search retrieved 247 papers, of which 25 papers matched the inclusion criteria. The analysis reveals that the most frequently expressed EBV latent proteins are EBNA1 (98.1%) and LMP2A (53.8%), while LMP1 and LMP2B are present in only 10% of cases. Lytic proteins, such as BARF0 and BARF1, and other lytic transcripts are present in almost half of cases. CONCLUSION EBVaGC seems to display a unique transcription/latency pattern that does not fit the 'standard' EBV latency patterns and therefore should be further studied to better understand EBVaGC carcinogenesis.
Squibs and Discussions: Weighted Deductive Parsing and Knuth’s Algorithm

We discuss weighted deductive parsing and consider the problem of finding the derivation with the lowest weight. We show that Knuth's generalization of Dijkstra's algorithm for the shortest-path problem offers a general method to solve this problem. Our approach is modular in the sense that Knuth's algorithm is formulated independently from the weighted deduction system.
Mechanisms, Consequences, and Prevention of Coronary Graft Failure

Graft failure occurs in a sizeable proportion of coronary artery bypass conduits. We herein review relevant current evidence to give an overview of the incidence, pathophysiology, and clinical consequences of this multifactorial phenomenon. Thrombosis, endothelial dysfunction, vasospasm, and oxidative stress are different mechanisms associated with graft failure. Intrinsic morphological and functional features of the bypass conduits play a role in determining failure. Similarly, characteristics of the target coronary vessel, such as the severity of stenosis, the diameter, the extent of atherosclerotic burden, and previous endovascular interventions, are important determinants of graft outcome and must be taken into consideration at the time of surgery. Technical factors, such as the method used to harvest the conduits, the vasodilatory protocol, the storage solution, and the anastomotic technique, also play a major role in determining graft success. Furthermore, systemic atherosclerotic risk factors, such as age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, have been variably associated with graft failure. The failure of a coronary graft is not always correlated with adverse clinical events, which vary according to the type, location, and reason for failed graft. Intraoperative flow verification and secondary prevention using antiplatelet and lipid-lowering agents can help reducing the incidence of graft failure.
Eosinophilic bronchitis as a cause of cough.

I read with interest the valuable article by Pratter et al (November 1999),1 regarding the role of sinus imaging in the management of chronic cough. Figure 2 in this article contains a useful algorithm for investigation and treatment of chronic cough. Unfortunately, one potentially important cause of cough will be missed by following this algorithm. Eosinophilic bronchitis is a recently described syndrome.2–4 Subjects with eosinophilic bronchitis have cough with eosinophilic airway inflammation characteristic of that seen in asthma; however, these patients have normal lung function, negative methacholine challenges, and no evidence of variable airflow obstruction. The cough in this condition responds nicely to inhaled corticosteroids.2–4 This syndrome would appear to be a precursor to (or perhaps the very mildest form of) symptomatic asthma. While the “purists” would not include this within the umbrella of the label asthma, it seems reasonable to consider that this is a variant of the syndrome known as cough-variant asthma. In a recent study,4 corticosteroid responsive eosinophilic bronchitis with negative methacholine challenge was shown to be present in 13% of subjects with chronic cough. The authors have pointed out the poor predictive value of a positive methacholine challenge in predicting response to asthma therapy.1,5 The relative common prevalence of eosinophilic bronchitis as a cause of cough underscores that a negative methacholine challenge is also a poor predictor of nonresponse to inhaled corticosteroids. There are two important messages. First, this questions the value of the routine use of methacholine challenges in the evaluation and management of chronic cough. It is possible that a brief diagnostic trial of high-dose inhaled corticosteroids might be a preferable tool at step 2 of the cough algorithm. Second, it suggests the potential value for standardized evaluation of sputum for inflammatory cells, particularly eosinophils, in arriving at a diagnosis and the management plan for cough.
Business process re-engineering to total quality management: An examination of the issues

This paper examines two research questions. First, is a re‐engineered company a suitable platform for the subsequent application of TQM principles? Second, is BPR an appropriate means to transform an organisation operating along traditional lines into one which is managed using TQM principles? It is posited that these questions have been given scant attention by the academic fraternity. Considers, for example, characteristics of BPR which facilitate or hamper TQM and also TQM considerations when reengineering. It is argued that a company can apply TQM and BPR simultaneously, thus yielding more improvements than if only one of them was used on its own. The analysis presented in the paper indicates that the application of BPR can provide the base for the subsequent development of TQM.
A Pitfall in Diagnosis of Human Prion Diseases Using Detection of Protease-resistant Prion Protein in Urine

Because a definite diagnosis of prion diseases relies on the detection of the abnormal isoform of prion protein (PrPSc), it has been urgently necessary to establish a non-invasive diagnostic test to detect PrPSc in human prion diseases. To evaluate diagnostic usefulness and reliability of the detection of protease-resistant prion protein in urine, we extensively analyzed proteinase K (PK)-resistant proteins in patients affected with prion diseases and control subjects by Western blot, a coupled liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis, and N-terminal sequence analysis. The PK-resistant signal migrating around 32 kDa previously reported by Shaked et al. (Shaked, G. M., Shaked, Y., Kariv-Inbal, Z., Halimi, M., Avraham, I., and Gabizon, R. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 31479-31482) was not observed in this study. Instead, discrete protein bands with an apparent molecular mass of ∼37 kDa were detected in the urine of many patients affected with prion diseases and two diseased controls. Although these proteins also gave strong signals in the Western blot using a variety of anti-PrP antibodies as a primary antibody, we found that the signals were still detectable by incubation of secondary antibodies alone, i.e. in the absence of the primary anti-PrP antibodies. Mass spectrometry and N-terminal protein sequencing analysis revealed that the majority of the PK-resistant 37-kDa proteins in the urine of patients were outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of the Enterobacterial species. OMPs isolated from these bacteria were resistant to PK and the PK-resistant OMPs from the Enterobacterial species migrated around 37 kDa on SDS-PAGE. Furthermore, nonspecific binding of OMPs to antibodies could be mistaken for PrPSc. These findings caution that bacterial contamination can affect the immunological detection of prion protein. Therefore, the presence of Enterobacterial species should be excluded in the immunological tests for PrPSc in clinical samples, in particular, urine.
Explaining the Development of the Excessive Use of Massively Multiplayer Online Games: A Positive-Negative Reinforcement Perspective

Despite a rising concern over this emerging global issue, theoretical understanding of the excessive use of massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs) is lacking in the mainstream IS literature. In this study, we proposed a research model to theoretically explain the development of the excessive use of MMOGs with the positive-negative reinforcement perspective. We tested our research model with 513 active users of MMOGs. Our results suggested that both positive reinforcement (i.e., perceived enjoyment and the associated positive affect) and negative reinforcement (i.e., withdrawal and the associated negative affect) have strong influence over the development of the excessive use of MMOGs. This study provided a theoretical explanation of the excessive use of MMOGs and implications to researchers and practitioners.
Mechanisms for spreading of computer virus on the Internet: an overview

The increasing outbreaks of computer viruses lead to a significant threat to the Internet. In this review we firstly give a brief introduction of computer virus including definition, classification, and characteristics. Then we turn on the overview that how viruses spread on networks in different topologies, especially in the context of computer viruses spreading on the Internet. Recent epidemic studies on the uncorrelated and correlated networks in terms of homogeneity and heterogeneity have been reviewed and compared their distinctions with regard to the main characteristic in epidemiology: epidemic threshold.
Selenium Deficiency and HIV Infection

Selenium is a non-metallic chemical element of great important to human health. Low selenium levels in humans are associated with several pathological conditions and are a common finding in HIV infected individuals. We conducted a review of the literature to assess if selenium deficiency or selenium supplementation could play a role in modifying the clinical course of HIV disease. Several studies investigated the role of selenium in disease progression, morbidity and mortality in HIV infected individuals. Larger studies were conducted in countries with poor economic resources and limited access to HAART. According to the majority of published studies low selenium levels appear to have an association with mortality, and selenium supplementation appears to play a beneficial role on survival or on slowing disease progression among HIV infected individuals. The role of selenium supplementation on preventing hospital admission among HIV outpatients was also noticed. The literature suggests an association between selenium deficiency and development of HIV associated cardiomyopathy and furthermore, selenium supplementation appears to improve the cardiac function in HIV infected individuals with cardiomyopathy. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the role selenium in modifying HIV viral load and immune status in HIV infection.
The effect of the γ′ morphology on stress-rupture properties of IC21 alloy at 850°C

Abstract In this study, the effect of the γ′ morphology on stress-rupture properties of single crystal alloy IC21 at 850°C 500 MPa− 1 was investigated. Special heat treatment (HT) with different cooling procedure and holding temperature were conducted to samples before the stress-rupture test. The longest stress-rupture life and the smallest elongation were obtained after HT3 treatment. Microstructure examination shows that micro-raft was built during intermediate temperature stress-rupture test after HT3 treatment. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the stress-ruptured samples reviews that with the change of the γ′ morphology, the dominant deformation mechanism has been changed from the shearing of the < 112> super-partial dislocations to the Orowan by-passing mechanism.
Prognostic Significance of Left Atrial Enlargement in a General Population: Results of the PAMELA Study

We estimated the risk of cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality associated with left atrium (LA) enlargement alone or combined with echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in 1785 representatives of the general population of Monza recruited for the Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate E Loro Associazioni (PAMELA) study. LA enlargement was assessed by measuring LA diameter via echocardiography. LA enlargement was defined as a LA diameter >2.3 cm/m2, whereas LVH was defined as a left ventricular mass index ≥114 g/m2 and 99 g/m2 in men and women, respectively. Death certificates and hospital diagnoses were collected over an average 148 months follow-up. During follow-up, there were 175 deaths (of which 59 for cardiovascular causes) and 139 cardiovascular fatal and nonfatal events. Compared with subjects with neither LA enlargement nor LVH, subjects with isolated LA enlargement exhibited a significant increase in the adjusted risk of combined fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 2.0; confidence interval, 1–4.1; P=0.04), although not of cardiovascular death or all-cause death. The adjusted (for baseline covariates, including ambulatory blood pressure) risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, cardiovascular death, and all-cause death was significantly increased also in subjects with isolated LVH (hazard ratio, 2.2, 3.4, 2.1, respectively; P=0.001 for all), whereas no further increase was seen in subjects with both LA and left ventricular abnormalities. Thus, like LVH, LA enlargement is an independent long-term predictor of cardiovascular events. The cardiovascular risk, however, is not further increased when LA enlargement is superimposed on an increase of LV mass.