Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1 2 A comparison of glenohumeral joint kinematics and functional outcomes in adults with rotator cuff tear

Approximately one quarter of U.S. adults will have a rotator cuff (RC) tear in their lifetime, and about 300,000 RC repair surgeries are performed annually [1]. The supraspinatus is the most commonly torn rotator cuff muscle requiring surgical repair [2]. RC tears can impede physical function, such as one's ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs), and maintain functional independence [3,4]. The American Occupational Therapy Association defines ADLs as the tasks of taking care of one’s own body [5]. The goal of surgical repair is to decrease pain, increase range of motion (ROM), and allow return to the workforce [6]. Although patients may be able to perform ADLs independently before surgery, they may be using altered kinematics due to injury and pain. While studies have compared post-operative thoracohumeral (humerus relative to thorax) joint kinematics of various populations, there is no known research assessing upper extremity (UE) joint kinematics of ADLs preand post-operatively, which may provide insight on the rehabilitation process. [7,8]. The purpose of this study is to compare glenohumeral (GH) joint kinematics of three ADLs and shoulder function before and after supraspinatus repair surgery. It is hypothesized that GH joint kinematics and functional shoulder outcomes will be significantly different following rotator cuff surgery.
Molecular testing of adult Pacific salmon and trout (Oncorhynchus spp.) for several RNA viruses demonstrates widespread distribution of piscine orthoreovirus in Alaska and Washington.

This research was initiated in conjunction with a systematic, multiagency surveillance effort in the United States (U.S.) in response to reported findings of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) RNA in British Columbia, Canada. In the systematic surveillance study reported in a companion paper, tissues from various salmonids taken from Washington and Alaska were surveyed for ISAV RNA using the U.S.-approved diagnostic method, and samples were released for use in this present study only after testing negative. Here, we tested a subset of these samples for ISAV RNA with three additional published molecular assays, as well as for RNA from salmonid alphavirus (SAV), piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV) and piscine orthoreovirus (PRV). All samples (n = 2,252; 121 stock cohorts) tested negative for RNA from ISAV, PMCV, and SAV. In contrast, there were 25 stock cohorts from Washington and Alaska that had one or more individuals test positive for PRV RNA; prevalence within stocks varied and ranged from 2% to 73%. The overall prevalence of PRV RNA-positive individuals across the study was 3.4% (77 of 2,252 fish tested). Findings of PRV RNA were most common in coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch Walbaum) and Chinook (O. tshawytscha Walbaum) salmon.
Genetic Algorithm based Clustering for Intrusion Detection

Clustering algorithms have recently gained attention in the related literature since they can help current intrusion detection systems in several aspects. This paper proposes genetic algorithm (GA) based clustering, serving to distinguish patterns incoming from network traffic packets into normal and attack. Two GA based clustering models for solving intrusion detection problem are introduced. The first model coined as handles numeric features of the network packet, whereas the second one coined as concerns all features of the network packet. Moreover, a new mutation operator directed for binary and symbolic features is proposed. The basic concept of proposed mutation operator depends on the most frequent value of the features using mode operator. The proposed GA-based clustering models are evaluated using Network Security Laboratory-Knowledge Discovery and Data mining (NSL-KDD) benchmark dataset. Also, it is compared with two baseline methods namely k-means and k-prototype to judge their performance and to confirm the value of the obtained clustering structures. The experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed models for intrusion detection problem in which and models outperform the two baseline methods in accuracy ( ), detection rate ( ) and true negative rate ( ). Moreover, the results prove the positive impact of the proposed mutation operator to enhance the strength of model in all evaluation metrics. It successfully attains 6.4, 5.463 and 3.279 percentage of relative improvement in over and baseline models respectively.
PHYTOCHEMICAL , OLIGOSACCHARIDES , IN-VITRO STARCH / PROTEIN DIGESTIBILITY AND ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF ACHA-MORINGA FLOUR BLEND

The research investigated into the effects of added moringa seed powder on the phytochemical, oligosaccharide, invitro starch/protein digestibility and the elemental content of acha-moringa flour blend. The moringa seed flour was substituted (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) into acha flour to produce flour blends. The flour blends and the control (100% acha flour) were analysed for phytochemicals (tanin, HCN, alkaloid, saponin, phytate, flavonoid, steroid, phenol), oligosaccharides (raffinose and starchyose), starch/protein in vitro digestibility, elemental (calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, iron, zinc) and vitamins (vit. A, C and B12. The phytochemical result showed increase in phenol (2.67 mg/g to 3.15 mg/g), steroids (0.35 to 0.52 mg/g) and flavonoid (0.83 to 1.01 mg/g), but decrease in saponin (2.96-1.98 mg/g) with increase in the added moringa paste (5-25%). The antinutrient result show increase in tannin (0.86 to 1.28 mg/g), cyanogenic glycoside (HCN) (2.72 to 3.03 mg/g), alkaloid (1.23 to 1.49 mg/g), alkaloid (1.23-1.43mg/g), but decrease in phytate (1.631.06 mg/g) with increase in the added moringa paste. The invitro-protein digestibility increased from 75.70±0.14 – 82.90±0.18 while the in-vitro-starch digestibility decreases from 68.60±0.14 – 62.03±0.04% with increase in the added moringa paste (0-25%). The starchyose and raffinnose values of the acha-moringa seed flour blends ranges from 0.51±. 01 0.66±. 04 and 0.36±. 03-0.41± 01%, respectively. The calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, zinc and iron content of the acha –moringa flour blend ranged from 18.62±. 08-20.29±19, 28.94±. 09-30.95±. 08, 35.29±. 0842.34±. 2, 0.72±. 03-1.08 ±. 06 and 0.84±. 08b1.39± . 05 mg/100g, respectively with addition of moringa flour at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%. The effects of added moringa seed flour were generally significant, p<0.05, and positive on the assessed qualities consequently improving the nutrient content of the eacha-moringa flour blend.
Cross-border spillovers in the euro area

The recent crisis has underlined that the cross-border transmission of shocks can be rapid and powerful in the euro area, where trade and financial interlinkages are strong and where confidence effects have been shown to be an important transmission mechanism. This article analyses the issue of cross-border spillovers in the context of the euro area. Close linkages imply that macroeconomic policies can have significant spillover effects. Cross-border spillovers from fiscal policy measures, for example, can be sizeable, with our model simulations showing that an increase in public investment in countries with fiscal space would generate significant positive spillovers to the rest of the euro area. Spillovers from structural reforms are generally found to be positive but small. However, our simulations also show that the simultaneous implementation of structural reforms throughout the euro area would have a bigger effect on output than they would if implemented by countries in isolation, highlighting the benefits of coordinated policy action. A review of the literature on spillovers from financial shocks shows evidence of contagion effects in general; spillovers between banks and between banks and sovereigns; and spillovers emanating from A«coreA­ as well as A«peripheralA­ countries. An analysis of sovereign co-risk measures in the euro area shows that spillovers across Member States are heterogeneous and asymmetric. Greece, Spain, Portugal and Ireland, for example, appear to be a source of spillovers among themselves but are also vulnerable to spillovers from a number of A«coreA­ countries. Some A«coreA­ countries, by contrast, appear to be a source of sizeable spillovers to other Member States without being considerably affected in return.
Reduction of Chemokine Secretion in Response to Mycobacteria in Infliximab-Treated Patients

ABSTRACT The use of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents as a treatment for chronic inflammatory conditions has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of developing tuberculosis. We studied the effect of the anti-TNF antibody infliximab on antimycobacterial immunity in 26 patients with rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis by use of an in vitro whole-blood model employing a reporter mycobacterium. Blood samples taken before and 30 min and 7 days after a 2-hour infliximab infusion were compared in terms of their abilities both to suppress luminescence of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin lux and to secrete chemokines and cytokines 24 and 96 h after infection. No immediate effect of infliximab on mycobacterial luminescence was detected using this bioassay, irrespective of whether patients were receiving their first (n = 14) or maintenance (n = 12) doses of infliximab. Moreover, no effect on mycobacterial luminescence was detected when blood was taken 7 days after infliximab treatment (n = 7). By contrast, there was a significant reduction in the chemokines implicated in cellular trafficking, namely, interleukin-8, macrophage-inhibitory protein-1α (MIP-1α), MIP-1β (24 h and 96 h), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (24 h) following BCG lux strain infection in the 30-minute post-infliximab-infusion blood samples (P < 0.05). This effect was sustained by MIP-1β and MCP-1 (24 h; P < 0.05) at 7 days after infusion. Our results suggest that the development of tuberculosis in infliximab-treated patients is not directly related to the mycobactericidal effects of TNF but may be due to inhibition of TNF-dependent chemokine gradients disrupting cellular migration necessary to maintain the integrity of the granuloma.
A triple-band circularly-polarized antenna with tuning fork shape strips

A new design of triple-band circular polarized antenna is presented. The proposed antenna is achieved using microstrip-fed with one L shape strip line, two circular strips and two circular patches. One circular strip radiates lower band, the other one covers higher band. By adding the circular patches and L shape microstrip the axial-ratio of this proposed antenna has been improved. This antenna operates in three bands which are 2.5GHz, 3.5GHz and 5.2GHz. These three operating bands can be applied for the WiMax and WLAN application. Experimental results show the proposed antenna has good return loss and circular polarization characteristics. The 10dB return loss impedance bandwidths for the band 2.5GHz, band 3.5GHz and 5.2GHz are 33%, 25% and 9.79%, respectively. The 3dB axial-ratio bandwidth are 11.4%, 6.2% and 11.8% with respect to 2.5GHz, 3.5GHz and 5.2GHz, respectively.
Strategies for Development of Energy Services Companies in Iran

During the recent decades, Energy Services Companies (ESCOs) have played an important role in energy management and building an appropriate tool for performing energy policies, especially in the case of existence of energy saving potentials in the energy system. These companies have been established in Iran as well and are running now due to the crucial need to energy efficiency improvement in the country. Since extending the markets and activities of these companies needs legislative infrastructures and governmental support, the matter is that how they should be reinforced with these facilities in Iran in order to be involved in energy optimization projects in the post-sanction situation. In this study, ESCO mechanism development strategies in interacting with its internal and external environment are represented. For this purpose, an analytical method based on the identification and evaluation of weaknesses and strengths as well as threats and opportunities of this mechanism is used due to advance the performance of this industry. The obtained results from the evaluation of ESCO mechanism development show the higher scores for external factors in comparison with the internal ones. The SWOT analysis indicates that the appropriate strategy for developing ESCO mechanism in Iran is WO strategy. According to this strategy, the goal of ESCO industry is to reduce weaknesses and to increase opportunities.
Regain Sliding super point from distributed edge routers by GPU

Sliding super point is a special host defined under sliding time window with which there are huge other hosts contact. It plays important roles in network security and management. But how to detect them in real time from nowadays high-speed network which contains several distributed routers is a hard task. Distributed sliding super point detection requires an algorithm that can estimate the number of contacting hosts incrementally, scan packets faster than their flowing speed and reconstruct sliding super point at the end of a time period. But no existing algorithm satisfies these three requirements simultaneously. To solve this problem, this paper firstly proposed a distributed sliding super point detection algorithm running on GPU. The advantage of this algorithm comes from a novel sliding estimator, which can estimate contacting host number incrementally under a sliding window, and a set of reversible hash functions, by which sliding super points could be regained without storing additional data such as IP list. There are two main procedures in this algorithm: packets scanning and sliding super points reconstruction. Both could run parallel without any data reading conflict. When deployed on a low cost GPU, this algorithm could deal with traffic with bandwidth as high as 680 Gb/s. A real world core network traffic is used to evaluate the performance of this sliding super point detection algorithm on a cheap GPU, Nvidia GTX950 with 4 GB graphic memory. Experiments comparing with other algorithms under discrete time window show that this algorithm has the highest accuracy. Under sliding time widow, this algorithm has the same performance as in discrete time window, where no other algorithms can work.
Reconstructing the lifetime movements of ancient people: A Neolithic case study from southern England

A new procedure is described in which combined lead and strontium isotope analysis of archaeological human dental tissues can be used to comment on the lifetime movements of individuals. A case study is presented of four Neolithic burials – an adult female and three juveniles – from a shared burial pit excavated at Monkton-up-Wimbourne, Dorset. It is demonstrated that the adult's place of origin was at least 80km to the north-west in the area of the Mendips. It is also shown that all three juveniles moved over significant distances during their lives.
Excitotoxic mechanisms of apoptosis in the mammalian visual system following monocular visual deprivation.

The visual system in new-born mammals is extremely suscep-tible to plastic adaptation in response to non-physiologicalvisual experience. For instance, brief occlusion of the visionin one eye (monocular deprivation) during early postnatallife causes an almost total loss of visual responses from thedeprived eye in cortical neurones. As a consequence, vision inthe occluded eye is impaired and the eye becomes blind (Wie-sel & Hubel 1963). The sensitivity to monocular deprivationis limited to a time period, also referred to as the criticalperiod; at the end of this period, ocular preference of corticalneurones is stabilized and will no longer be inﬂuenced by ma-nipulation of the visual environment.Similar forms of deprivation-induced synaptic depressionhave been observed in many species, including monkeys (Hu-bel & Wiesel1977), rats (Fagiolini
The Design of a Portable ECG Measurement Instrument Based on a GBA Embedded System

The computer, medical equipment, and facilities often required for traditional electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements and displays usually bear some shortcomings, such as bulkiness, inconvenience in carrying around, high cost, and so forth. Based on embedded system architecture, this paper proposes a new design for an ECG measurement instrument and investigates the feasibility of such new design. Our system design adopts a Nintendo palm-type Game Boy Advanced (GBA) color video player and incorporates self-made ECG measurement circuits to develop a portable color ECG measurement system. In the heart rate computation, this paper proposes a new method deriving from improving the Peak Quantification Method (PQM) introduced by Navakatikyan, et al. Our experimental results verify that the improved method, when applied to heart rate measurements, possesses extremely high degree of accuracy. This study provides a method in utilizing a low-cost, portable GBA play machine for medical applications to augment the development direction for the future medical instruments. This proposed system has been completed with ECG measurement capability up to date. We will keep expanding said system's functions to include the measurements of phonocardiograms (PCGs), electroencephalograms (EEGs), and so forth, in the future.
Quality Evaluation of Herbal Tea Blends from Ginger and Pavetta crassipes

Tea-like product (green tea) was developed using ginger (Zingiber officinale, Rose) and Pavetta crassipes k. schum blends. Samples were blended in the following ratios (ginger/pavetta): 100/0 (sample A), 80/ 20 (sample B), 60/40 (sample C), 40/60 (sample D) and 20/80 (sample E). The physicochemical, phytochemical, antinutritional and sensory properties of the formulations were investigated. Results showed that increase in Pavetta crassipes level in the formulation significantly (P < 0.05) increased protein (8.35 10.67), fat (4.6 – 6.31) and carbohydrate (17.99 – 47.38) contents. However, moisture content, ash content and crude fibre significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.05) from 8.72 – 7.54, 1.96 – 1.67 and 58.13 – 26.43 respectively. The micronutrients including Ca increased significantly while Mg decreased with increased Pavetta crassipes. Vitamin C content also increases significantly. The supplementation of Pavetta crassipes leaf powder also decreased significantly (P < 0.05) the level of anti-nutrients including oxalates, total phenol and alkaloids while phytates content increased significantly (P < 0.05). Na2CO3, K2CO3 alkalinity and acid insoluble ash decreased significantly from 7.66 – 6.21, 11.23 – 8.32 and 57.93 – 27.36 respectively. There was Original Research Article Alakali et al.; EJMP, 12(4): 1-8, 2016; Article no.EJMP. 23706 2 no significant difference (p≤ 0.05) between all the samples and Lipton tea (sample F). Sample C were generally more accepted.
Impact of prognostic factors on recovery from sudden hearing loss

Abstract Objective: To define the impact of patient-related and audiovestibular parameters on the prognosis of sudden hearing loss. Methods: Eighty-three patients were included in this retrospective study. All were treated medically. We recorded the patients' demographic parameters, systemic diseases, time elapsed between onset of sudden hearing loss and initiation of treatment, tinnitus, vestibular symptoms, type of initial audiogram, pure tone averages and speech discrimination scores. For all patients, audiological measurements were performed on initial admission and at the completion of treatment on the 10th day. Results: There was no correlation between the hearing gain and recovery rate scores and patients' gender or age (p>0.05). However, a correlation was found between gender and relative hearing gain. Vertigo was not correlated with hearing gain and recovery rate scores (p<0.05). However, relative hearing gain correlated negatively with the presence of vertigo (−r=0.05, 81 degrees of freedom, p=0.043). Patients with <40 dB hearing loss on admission showed a better relative hearing gain (r=0.55, 81 degrees of freedom, p=0.03). Relative hearing gain correlated positively with better pre-treatment speech discrimination scores (r=0.82, 81 degrees of freedom, p=0.009) and negatively with poorer pre-treatment pure tone averages (−r=0.082, 81 degrees of freedom, p=0.009). There was no correlation between the scores for hearing gain, relative hearing gain and recovery rate and: systemic diseases (p>0.05); time elapsed between onset of sudden hearing loss and initiation of treatment (p>0.05); type of audiogram on initial admission (p>0.05), except for midfrequency type of audiogram; and tinnitus (p>0.05). Conclusions: The outcome of sudden hearing loss was unaffected by systemic disease, tinnitus or type of audiogram (except for midfrequency type). The following were poor prognostic factors in the outcome of sudden hearing loss: female gender, presence of vertigo, initiation of treatment more than seven days after onset of hearing loss, and >40 dB hearing loss on admission.
Using Lustre with Apache Hadoop Table of Contents

Overview and Issues with Hadoop+HDFS.2 MapReduce and Hadoop overview.2 Challenges of Hadoop + HDFS.4 Some useful suggestions.5 Hadoop over Lustre.5 File Systems for Hadoop.6 When Hadoop uses a file system.6 Three Kinds of Typical I/O for Hadoop+HDFS.6 Differences at each stage between HDFS and Lustre.9 Difference Summary Table.10 Running Hadoop Jobs over Lustre.12 How to run a MapReduce job with Lustre.12 Adding Lustre block location information.12 Input/Output Formats.14 Format Inheritance UML.14 SequenceFileInputFormat/SequenceFileOutputFormat.15 Test Cases and Test Results.18 Test environment.18 Application Tests.18 Sub phases tests.21 Benchmark I/O tests.23 References and Glossary.25
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) On the escalation and deescalation of conflict

We introduce three variations of the Hirshleifer-Skaperdas conflict game to study experimentally the effects of post-conflict behavior and repeated interaction on the allocation of effort between production and appropriation. Without repeated interaction, destruction of resources by defeated players can lead to lower appropriative efforts and higher overall efficiency. With repeated interaction, appropriative efforts are considerably reduced because some groups manage to avoid fighting altogether, often after substantial initial conflict. To attain peace, players must first engage in costly signaling by making themselves vulnerable and by forgoing the possibility to appropriate the resources of defeated opponents. This version: July 2013 JEL Codes: C92, D72, D74
Numerical simulation of the coupled flutter instability for closed-box bridge decks

In this work a numerical investigation of aeroelastic phenomena for long-span bridge decks is proposed: a simulation model is presented by which the aerodynamic fields and the motion of the structure are simulated simultaneously and in a coupled manner. The structure is represented as a bidimensional elastically suspended rigid body with two degrees of freedom, and the aerodynamic fields are simulated by numerically integrating the ALE formulated 2D URANS equations with a finite volume scheme on moving grids which adapt to the structural motion. The numerical model is validated by the comparison between numerical and experimental results, and is utilised to study the aeroelastic stability of the Forth Road Bridge deck. A deep insight into the onset and the amplification mechanisms of coupled flutter for long span bridge decks is proposed. The numerical model is also used to test the effectiveness of a small aerodynamic modification on the aeroelastic stability of the deck. Keywords—Bridge aeroelasticity, finite volume, moving grids, turbulence modelling.