Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biological Control of Fusarium Wilt in Chickpea by Co-Inoculation of Antagonistic Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Mesorhizobium

The antagonistic activity of twenty five chickpea rhizobacteria were evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris as potential biocontrol agents. Eleven potential bioantagonists, 7 belonging to Pseudomonas and 4 to Bacillus genera showed significant growth inhibition of test fungus. In vitro screening for antagonistic functionality traits showed significant difference between production of volatile and diffusible antifungal metabolites. Maximum fungal inhibition due to diffusible metabolites was exhibited by isolate 24P(87%) whereas it was (47%) in case of volatile metabolites. Inhibition due to diffusible metabolites was maximum with isolate 24P (87%) than in case of volatile metabolites as 24P (47%). Isolates 24P, 30B and 5P were also most promising for plant growth stimulation and wilt control. Greenhouse experiments on two varieties of chickpea JG-62 and GPF-2 showed that seed treatment with PGPR+ Mesorhizobium had an advantage on disease control and plant growth promotion as compared to use of single bioinoculants, 30B reduced the wilt incidence to 48% which was at par to fungicide treatment where the observed wilt incidence was 55.6% whereas, in the pathogen control the severity of wilt was 82.4%. Same trend of wilt incidence was followed in GPF-2 variety. Rhizobacterial isolates 30B and 24P, co-inoculated with Mesohizobium enhanced the shoot length up to 16.2 cm and 15.6 cm as compared to fungicide treatment (14.4 cm), thus showing a plant growth stimulation effect of potential bioantagonists
Hypothesis Selection with Memory Constraints

Hypothesis selection is a fundamental problem in learning theory and statistics. Given a dataset and a finite set of candidate distributions, the goal is to select a distribution that matches the data as well as possible. More specifically, suppose that we have sample access to an unknown distribution P over a domain X that we know is well-approximated by one of a class of n distributions (a.k.a. hypotheses), H := { H 1 , H 2 , . , H n } . The goal is to design an algorithm that outputs a distribution ˆ H ∈ H whose total variation distance from P is nearly minimal. In this work, we study the hypothesis selection problem under memory constraints. We consider a model where samples from P are presented in a stream and we access each sample x via “PDF-comparison” queries that allow us to compare the probability densities of any pair of hypotheses at the domain point x (i.e., is H i ( x ) < H j ( x ) ? ). This model allows us to study how much needs to be stored, at any point in time, about the portion of the stream seen so far. Our main result is an algorithm that achieves a nearly optimal tradeoff between memory usage and sample complexity. In particular, given b bits of memory (for b roughly between log n and n ), our algorithm solves the hypothesis selection problem with s samples, where b · s = O ( n log n ) . This result is optimal up to an O (log n ) factor, for all b .
Numerical investigation of coupled density‐driven flow and hydrogeochemical processes below playas

Numerical modeling approaches with varying complexity were explored to investigate coupled groundwater flow and geochemical processes in saline basins. Long‐term model simulations of a playa system gain insights into the complex feedback mechanisms between density‐driven flow and the spatiotemporal patterns of precipitating evaporites and evolving brines. Using a reactive multicomponent transport model approach, the simulations reproduced, for the first time in a numerical study, the evaporite precipitation sequences frequently observed in saline basins (“bull's eyes”). Playa‐specific flow, evapoconcentration, and chemical divides were found to be the primary controls for the location of evaporites formed, and the resulting brine chemistry. Comparative simulations with the computationally far less demanding surrogate single‐species transport models showed that these were still able to replicate the major flow patterns obtained by the more complex reactive transport simulations. However, the simulated degree of salinization was clearly lower than in reactive multicomponent transport simulations. For example, in the late stages of the simulations, when the brine becomes halite‐saturated, the nonreactive simulation overestimated the solute mass by almost 20%. The simulations highlight the importance of the consideration of reactive transport processes for understanding and quantifying geochemical patterns, concentrations of individual dissolved solutes, and evaporite evolution.
GEO-SAT: A Geometric Approach to Satisﬁability

Boolean Satisﬁability (SAT) is posed as a geometric problem and geometric solutions are sought. The approach is based on the fact that Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF) sentences over n logical variables (a standard representation for SAT) can be converted to a bounded convex feasible region in n -dimensional space. Linear programming methods (with polynomial time complexity) are applied in order to ﬁnd solutions. Methods are given to convert a CNF sentence into both Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometries, and the advantages and disadvantages of this approach discussed
Optimised magnetron sputtering method for the deposition of indium tin oxide layers

effective substitutes is of great importance. As a conductive oxide material, tin (IV) oxide is widely used for the fabrication of thin films because of its beneficial properties like high mechanical, chemical, environmental resistance, stability, and low cost [8]. SnO2 is a semiconductor whose properties are determined by a wide bandgap (3.5–4 eV) [9]. In practical solutions, tin (IV) oxide is used in a form doped with fluorine or antimony since it conducts poorly [10]. Indium-tin oxide (ITO) belongs to electronically conductive transparent layers. ITO, commonly known in the literature [11, 12], is characterised by a heavily doped and highly degenerated n-type semiconductor with a high carrier concentration (»1021 cm3). Because of its unique combination of excellent electrical conductivity and optical transparency, relatively good chemical stability, and good mechanical properties, it is one of the most widely used transparent conductive oxides [13‒15]. For example, it has been shown in [15] that ITO thin films could reach high transparency in the visible region (90%) and high conduction properties (ρ = 2£10‒4 Ω ⋅ cm). Results obtained in the works mentioned above the required high substrate temperatures during the deposition or the post-annealing process afterwards. That was so because of the main conduction mechanisms in ITO layers in which a high temperature promotes crystallisation of the layers and the creation of the oxygen vacancy [15]. Some of those papers have shown process parameters and optoelectronic properties for high-temperature ITO layers [16, 17]. Nowadays, it is still a challenge at an industrial scale to manufacture ITO films
Association of SLIT3 and ZNF280B Gene Polymorphisms with Wool Fiber Diameter

Simple Summary Wool is an important raw material in the textile industry. Its fiber fineness is directly related to the wool product quality. Higher quality wool products require finer wool fiber diameters. Therefore, methods for more effectively optimizing the wool fiber diameter have become an important research focus. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are efficient and stable molecular markers which have been extensively used to study wool fiber diameter. The SLIT3 and ZNF280B genes are involved in multiple biological processes and have multiple biological functions. However, the relationship between their polymorphisms and wool fiber diameter remains unreported. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between different genotypes and wool fiber diameter by typing SNP sites in SLIT3 and ZNF280B. Our results revealed the major genotypes in the SLIT3 and ZNF280B genes which effect wool fiber diameter. These SNP sites may potentially be used as molecular marker sites for optimizing wool fiber diameter. Abstract The SLIT3 gene encodes a secreted protein, and the ZNF280B gene is a member of the transcription factor family. Both genes have multiple biological functions. This study was conducted to investigate the association between SLIT3 and ZNF280B gene polymorphisms and wool fiber diameter and to determine potential molecular marker sites for breeding sheep with fine wool. We used Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR to type the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci in the SLIT3 and ZNF280B genes within 1081 Alpine Merino sheep and associated these SNPs with wool fiber diameter. The results revealed one SNP in SLIT3 and ZNF280B, which were each related to sheep fiber diameter. The wool fiber diameters of sheep with the CC genotype in SLIT3 g.478807C>G and AA genotype in ZNF280B g.677G>A were the smallest and differed significantly from the diameters of other genotypes (p < 0.05). These results suggest potential molecular marker sites for fine-wool sheep breeding.
GADet: A Geometry-Aware X-Ray Prohibited Items Detector

X-ray prohibited items detection is an essential and highly effective method that has been widely used in inspection scenarios. To satisfy the practical demand for high accuracy in security auxiliary diagnosis systems, we propose a geometry-aware X-ray prohibited items detector (GADet) based on the classic and advanced general object detector, YOLOX. Specifically, we first analyze and discover that the relationship between diagonal length and prohibited items category in X-ray images is highly robust and distinctive. Therefore, we introduce the physical diagonal length constraint (PDLC), which can utilize this underlying relationship to align classification and localization tasks in object detection. In addition, although the general label assignment (LA) strategies for natural images can alleviate the foreground–background class imbalance, they cannot handle the unique foreground–background overlapping phenomenon in X-ray images. Thus, we propose the IoU-aware LA (IAA), which can assist the network to concentrate on learning how to extract informative features from overlapping foreground and background. Similar to YOLOX, our GADet offers three different versions, including small, large, and extreme for adapting different application requirements. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art object detection methods, indicating its potential applications in the prohibited items detection field. The source code will be released at https://github.com/Limingyuan001/GADet.
Intellectual Approach to Crop Classification

Kravchenko O. Intellectual Approach to Crop Classification. Information technology for crop classification and area estimation is presented. It is based on supervised classification of free of charge remote sensing data. To apply technology it is necessary to collect ground data with field boundaries for each crop class in question. Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network is used as soft classifier. Proposed technology addresses important issue of change of class probabilities in training and real data. Dedicated post processing of classifier outputs that is based on EM algorithm is used to estimate class probabilities in real image data. Such post processing leads to increase of classification accuracy up to 10%. A preliminary step to estimate errors in class probabilities for real data is also performed. Technology is assessed on moderate resolution MODIS NDVI data for 2009 vegetation season for the territory of Northern Ukraine.
Deep learning-based estimation of axial length using macular optical coherence tomography images

Background This study aimed to develop deep learning models using macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) images to estimate axial lengths (ALs) in eyes without maculopathy. Methods A total of 2,664 macular OCT images from 444 patients’ eyes without maculopathy, who visited Beijing Hospital between March 2019 and October 2021, were included. The dataset was divided into training, validation, and testing sets with a ratio of 6:2:2. Three pre-trained models (ResNet 18, ResNet 50, and ViT) were developed for binary classification (AL ≥ 26 mm) and regression task. Ten-fold cross-validation was performed, and Grad-CAM analysis was employed to visualize AL-related macular features. Additionally, retinal thickness measurements were used to predict AL by linear and logistic regression models. Results ResNet 50 achieved an accuracy of 0.872 (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.840–0.899), with high sensitivity of 0.804 (95% CI, 0.728–0.867) and specificity of 0.895 (95% CI, 0.861–0.923). The mean absolute error for AL prediction was 0.83 mm (95% CI, 0.72–0.95 mm). The best AUC, and accuracy of AL estimation using macular OCT images (0.929, 87.2%) was superior to using retinal thickness measurements alone (0.747, 77.8%). AL-related macular features were on the fovea and adjacent regions. Conclusion OCT images can be effectively utilized for estimating AL with good performance via deep learning. The AL-related macular features exhibit a localized pattern in the macula, rather than continuous alterations throughout the entire region. These findings can lay the foundation for future research in the pathogenesis of AL-related maculopathy.
Factors Influencing Antenatal Care Services Utilization in Empowered Action Group (EAG) States, India: A Spatial and Multilevel Analysis

The study investigated individual-household, community and district level factors associated with antenatal care services utilization in Empowered Action Group states, India. Nationally-representative data, drawn from the District Level Household Survey (2007-08), were used. A sample of 116,973 currently married women, aged 15-49 years, who delivered a child during the three years preceding the survey was considered for analysis. Both descriptive and multivariate analysis were used to analyze the data generated and level of significance was set at 5% (0.05). The findings revealed that household socio-economic status and mother’s education were the most important factors associated with antenatal care services utilization. The adjusted model showed that the place of residence, community education, community impoverishment were significantly associated with antenatal care services utilization. Spatial analysis finding revealed that districts with higher urban percentage and higher proportion of antenatal care services utilization were clustered together and low-urban percentage-low proportion in the space.
Cronfa - Swansea University Open Access Repository

—Hyperspectral image visualization reduces color bands to three, but prevailing linear methods fail to address data characteristics, and nonlinear embeddings are computationally demanding. Qualitative evaluation of embedding is also lacking. We propose faithful stochastic proximity embedding (FSPE), which is a scalable and nonlinear dimensionality reduction method. FSPE considers the nonlinear characteristics of spectral signatures, yet it avoids the costly computation of geodesic distances that are often required by other nonlinear methods. Furthermore, we employ a pixelwise metric that measures the quality of hyperspectral image visualization at each pixel. FSPE outperforms the state-of-art methods by at least 12% on average and up to 25% in the qualitative measure. An implementation on graphics processing units is two orders of magnitude faster than the baseline. Our method opens the path to high-ﬁdelity and real-time analysis of hyperspectral images.
Improving Modeling of Tides on the Continental Shelf off the West Coast of India

ABSTRACT Testut, L. and Unnikrishnan, A.S. , 2016. Improving modeling of tides on the continental shelf off the west coast of India. Global tidal solutions are sometimes inaccurate in coastal regions. This is particularly true in some regions of the northern Indian Ocean, which are characterized by wide continental shelves and large tidal ranges. We show that these global solutions are inaccurate on the shelf region off Mumbai, off the west coast of India. In this region, the shelf is very wide, and it opens into the Gulf of Khambhat, where large tides are observed. Moreover, in regions of large semidiurnal tides in the Bay of Bengal, such as the head Bay, Gulf of Martaban, etc., global tidal solutions are not accurate. In the present work, we focus on the shelf region off the west coast of India. We used a new approach in developing a high-resolution hydrodynamic tidal model for the inner shelf region (8°N to 22°N). The open boundary of the model is aligned to the altimetry tracks, which allowed us to prescribe boundary conditions obtained directly from observations. We show that the tidal solutions at the coast are much improved compared with those obtained from the global solutions and that on the wide shelf portion and the Gulf of Khambhat the improvement has been considerable.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL MARKETING TRENDS, INNOVATION OPPORTUNITIES, AND TECHNICAL IMPROVEMENTS

Social-Marketing (SM) is perhaps the most ideal approach to impact individuals for making a move towards social and dealing with conduct change. Different lobbies for social promoting can rapidly build up an interest in people in general. One can undoubtedly focus on their crowd with the methodologies they perform for social advertising. Social Marketing decidedly impacts the view of crowds. Social advertising is best when projects led for the intended interest group are identified with their comprehension of the general public, which won't just be more profitable yet will likewise bring a powerful change. SM is best for business as it grows great brand mindfulness among individuals. SM can be performed between an expansive crowd, and an organization can clarify it by having a magnificent social promoting methodology, which won't just create interest between individuals, yet it will likewise help up the notice. SM is financially savvy than some other advertising, as one can undoubtedly discover the intended interest groups by the presentation they conveyed in broad daylight. One can rapidly get their intended interest groups through friendly advertising. There will be less innovative work when contrasted with other social advertising. As in commercialization, social promoting assumes a critical part in impacting individuals. Also, without SM commercialization is fragmented as each business needs to manage social advertising to tell individuals that their point is for changing the general public for great.n this paper reviews the many research work regarding social marketing. The reviewed papers are compared concerning the simplicity of algorithms, the type in which they belong, the performance metrics. This review is expected to render suitable references for understanding, selection, and development for the students, designers, and researchers. This article also addresses the opportunities and challenges related to implementing social marketing innovations.
Determinants of Zinc Potentiation on the (cid:1) 4 Subunit of Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors

We have shown previously that the function of neuronal nico- tinic acetylcholine receptors can be modulated by zinc. This modulation varies from potentiation to inhibition, depending on receptor subunit composition and zinc concentration, with the (cid:1) 4 (cid:2) 2 and (cid:1) 4 (cid:2) 4 receptors displaying the most dramatic potentiation. In this study, we used site-directed mutagenesis to identify glutamate 59 and histidine 162 on the rat (cid:1) 4 subunit as potential mediators of zinc potentiation. By modeling the ex- tracellular domain of the receptor pentamer, we locate these residues to two subunit-subunit interfaces that alternate with the two acetylcholine-binding interfaces. Substitution of a cysteine at either position allows additional reduction of zinc potentiation upon treatment with the methanethiosulfonate re-agents N -biotinoylaminoethyl methanethiosulfonate (MTSEA- biotin) and [2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl] methanethiosulfonate. Mutagenesis and methanethiosulfonate treatment are most ef- fective at position 162, and the presence of zinc hinders the reaction of MTSEA-biotin with the substituted cysteine at this position, suggesting that (cid:1) 4His162 participates in forming a coordination site for zinc. Mutagenesis and methanethiosulfon- ate treatment are less effective at position 59, suggesting that whereas (cid:1) 4Glu59 may be near the zinc coordination site, it may not be participating in coordination of the zinc ion. It is note- worthy that the position of (cid:1) 4Glu59 within the neuronal nAChR is identical to that of a residue that lines the benzodiazepine- binding site on GABA A receptors. We suggest that the zinc potentiation sites on neuronal nAChRs are structurally and functionally similar to the benzodiazepine-binding sites on GABA A receptors. this mutagenesis, the substituted cysteine accessibility method (SCAM), and protein to identify residues that are determinants of Zn 2 (cid:1) potentiation. Our results suggest that neuronal nAChRs bind and Zn 2 (cid:1) at alternating subunit-subunit interfaces.
Questioning success: Fertilisation outcomes in non-standard experiments in the sea-cake Dendraster excentricus

Fertilisation in a laboratory environment is often not representative of ecological field conditions in which fertilisation naturally occurs, especially for broadcast-spawning species that release eggs and sperm into the water. Some challenges of broadcast-spawning include dispersal of gametes in the surrounding water, ability of eggs and sperm to interact, and competition from neighbouring male individuals. Here, we study the sea-cake or sand dollar Dendraster excentricus , a model study system, to understand how fertilisation success is affected by volume of water, varying sperm concentration, and mixed sperm from multiple males. Furthermore, we report sperm motility for D. excentricus . We found that with equal sperm concentration, fertilisation success was significantly lower in a larger volume of water compared to a standard 6-well laboratory plate. Finally, fertilisation was reduced by sperm from multiple males compared to sperm from one male at similar total concentrations. Our results elucidate how fertilisation success is related to conditions under which eggs and sperm meet and interact, and further highlight the challenges and remaining issues of gamete dispersal and gamete competition in external fertilisers, as is the case for many other echinoderms. Standard methods could potentially overestimate fertilisation success or increase the likelihood of polyspermia, and new techniques that more realistically reflect natural
Assessing the Impact of Specifications Grading on a Data Visualization Course

In this Research-to-practice paper, we share our experience with implementing Specifications Grading in two separate offerings of a Data Visualization course. The course is taught in a Computer Science department every semester. Based on the analysis of the student assignments, final project, and the final grade received by the students, the students in the offerings with Specifications Grading performed better or as well as without it. We found that Specifications Grading led to students taking control of their own learning and restored rigor to the course. Student feedback for Specifications Grading was mostly positive, and multiple students encouraged the instructor to keep using it in future offerings of the course.