Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Very weak lensing in the CFHTLS Wide: Cosmology from cosmic shear in the linear regime

Aims. We present an exploration of weak lensing by large-scale structure in the linear regime, using the third-year (T0003) CFHTLS Wide data release. Our results place tight constraints on the scaling of the amplitude of the matter power spectrum σ8 with the matter density Ωm. Methods. Spanning 57 square degrees to i � = 24.5 over three independent fields, the unprecedented contiguous area of this survey permits high signal-to-noise measurements of two-point shear statistics from 1 arcmin to 4 degrees. Understanding systematic errors in our analysis is vital in interpreting the results. We therefore demonstrate the percent-level accuracy of our method using STEP simulations, an E/B-mode decomposition of the data, and the star-galaxy cross correlation function. We also present a thorough analysis of the galaxy redshift distribution using redshift data from the CFHTLS T0003 Deep fields that probe the same spatial regions as the Wide fields. Results. We find σ8(Ωm/0.25) 0.64 = 0.785 ± 0.043 using the aperture-mass statistic for the full range of angular scales for an assumed flat cosmology, in excellent agreement with WMAP3 constraints. The largest physical scale probed by our analysis is 85 Mpc, assuming a mean redshift of lenses of 0.5 and a ΛCDM cosmology. This allows for the first time to constrain cosmology using only cosmic shear measurements in the linear regime. Using only angular scales θ> 85 arcmin, we find σ8(Ωm/0.25) 0.53 lin = 0.837 ± 0.084, which agree with the results from our full analysis. Combining our results with data from WMAP3, we find Ωm = 0.248 ± 0.019 and σ8 = 0.771 ± 0.029.
Calculation of Complicated Flows, Using First and Second-Order Schemes (RESEARCH NOTE)

The first-order schemes used for discretisation of the convective terms are straightforward and easy to use, with the drawback of introducing numerical diffusion. Application of the secondorder schemes, such as QUICK scheme, is a treatment to reduce the numerical diffusion, but increasing convergence oscillation is unavoidable. The technique used in this study is a compromise between the above-mentioned problem, i.e. reducing the numerical diffusion and increasing the stability of the solution. This double folded task is achieved by introducing a modified second-order hybrid scheme. In addition to that by means of this formulation it is possible to show that the coefficients of the discretised equation at all neighboring points are positive and the value of a coefficient at a pole point is equal to the sum of its neighboring points, which means the two basic conditions defined by Patankar are satisfied. Therefore, this scheme has the benefits of the both first and second order schemes together. Results obtained by this scheme to predict the complicated flow regimes were promising and agreed well with experimental data.
Influences of Mesoscale Ocean Eddies on Flow Vertical Structure in a Resolution‐Based Model Hierarchy

The understanding and representation of energetic transfers associated with ocean mesoscale eddies is fundamental to the development of parameterizations for climate models. We investigate the influence of eddies on flow vertical structure as a function of underlying dynamical regime and grid resolution. We employ the GFDL‐MOM6 in an idealized configuration and systematically consider four horizontal resolutions: 1/4°, 1/8°, 1/16°, and 1/32°. We analyze the distributions of potential and kinetic energy, decomposed into barotropic and baroclinic, and eddy and mean parts. As resolution increases and baroclinically unstable modes are better captured, kinetic energy increases and potential energy decreases. The dominant trend in vertical structure is an increasing fraction of kinetic energy going into the barotropic mode, particularly its eddy component, as eddies are increasingly resolved. We attribute the increased baroclinicity at low resolutions to inaccurate representation of vertical energy fluxes, leading to suppressed barotropization and energy trapping in high vertical modes. We also explore how the underlying dynamical regime influences energetic pathways. In cases where large‐scale flow is dominantly barotropic, resolving the deformation radius is less crucial to accurately capturing the flow's vertical structure. We find the barotropic kinetic energy fraction to be a useful metric in assessing vertical structure. In the highest‐resolution case, the barotropic kinetic energy fraction correlates with the scale separation between the deformation scale and the energy‐containing scale, that is, the extent of the eddy‐driven inverse cascade. This work suggests that mesoscale eddy parameterizations should incorporate the energetic effects of eddies on vertical structure in a scale‐aware, physically informed manner.
GRB 091208B: FIRST DETECTION OF THE OPTICAL POLARIZATION IN EARLY FORWARD SHOCK EMISSION OF A GAMMA-RAY BURST AFTERGLOW

We report that the optical polarization in the afterglow of GRB 091208B is measured at t = 149–706 s after the burst trigger, and the polarization degree is P = 10.4{ ± 2.5%. The optical light curve at this time shows a power-law decay with index −0.75 ± 0.02, which is interpreted as the forward shock synchrotron emission, and thus this is the first detection of the early-time optical polarization in the forward shock (rather than that in the reverse shock reported by Steele et al.). This detection disfavors the afterglow model in which the magnetic fields in the emission region are random on the plasma skin depth scales, such as those amplified by the plasma instabilities, e.g., Weibel instability. We suggest that the fields are amplified by the magnetohydrodynamic instabilities, which would be tested by future observations of the temporal changes of the polarization degrees and angles for other bursts.
Accurate control of a Bose-Einstein condensate by managing the atomic interaction

We exploit the variation of the atomic interaction in order to move ultracold atoms with attractive interaction across an ac-driven periodic lattice. By breaking relevant symmetries, a gathering of atoms is achieved. Accurate control of the gathered atoms' positions can be demonstrated via the control of the atomic localization process. The localization process is analyzed with the help of the nonlinear Floquet states where the Landau-Zener tunneling between states is observed and controlled. Transport effects in the presence of disorder are discussed.
The Dilaton-like Higgs boson with scalar singlet dark matter

We study a model with a Higgs-like dilaton and a Standard Model gauge-singlet scalar dark matter candidate. We begin by updating the status of identifying the observed 125 GeV Higgs-like boson with the pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson that arises from the spontaneous breaking of scale invariance using recent Higgs boson signal strength measurements by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations. We then constrain the extended model with recent constraints on the Higgs invisible width, the observed dark matter relic abundance and the latest dark matter direct detection limits. We found that the magnitude of the dilaton-$\gamma\gamma$ and dilaton-glue-glue coupling is constrained to be close to the standard model values. The mass of the dark matter candidate is contrained to be greater than half the dilaton mass by relic abundance limits and Higgs invisible width limits. Dark matter direct detection limits allow only small mass regions which will be further constrained by upcoming DEAP measurements.
Review and Prospect for Vegetable Grafting Robot and Relevant Key Technologies

Grafting is an effective way to overcome the obstacles of continuous soil cropping and improve the tolerance of plants to abiotic and biotic stresses. An automatic grafting robot can effectively improve the grafting efficiency and survival rate of grafted seedlings, which is an important demand for the commercialization and promotion of vegetable planting. Based on the six main grafting technologies, this paper deeply summarized and analyzed the research status, technical characteristics, and development trends of vegetable grafting robots developed by various countries in the world. At the same time, it focused on the design methods and characteristics of key components such as seedling picking device, clamping device, and cutting device of vegetable grafting robots in detail. Then, the application of machine vision in the grafting robot was compared from the aspects of seed information feature recognition, automatic seedling classification, seedling state detection, and auxiliary grafting. It also was pointed out that machine vision technology was the only way to realize the fully automated grafting of vegetable grafting robots. Finally, several constraints, such as the limited grafting speed of vegetable grafting robots were pointed out, and the future development direction of grafting robots was predicted. As a result, it is believed that the intelligence degree of vegetable grafting robots needs to be improved, and its research and development fail to integrate with the seedling biotechnology, which leads to its poor universality. In the future, improving machine vision, artificial intelligence, and automation technology will help the development of high-performance universal grafting robots.
Rigid abelian groups and the probabilistic method

The construction of torsion-free abelian groups with prescribed endomorphism rings starting with Corner's seminal work is a well-studied subject in the theory of abelian groups. Usually these construction work by adding elements from a (topological) completion in order to get rid of (kill) unwanted homomorphisms. The critical part is to actually prove that every unwanted homomorphism can be killed by adding a suitable element. We will demonstrate that some of those constructions can be significantly simplified by choosing the elements at random. As a result, the endomorphism ring will be almost surely prescribed, i.e., with probability one.
Topological Weyl semimetals in the chiral antiferromagnetic materials Mn3Ge and Mn3Sn

Recent experiments revealed that Mn3Sn and Mn3Ge exhibit a strong anomalous Hall effect at room temperature, provoking us to explore their electronic structures for topological properties. By ab initio band structure calculations, we have observed the existence of multiple Weyl points in the bulk and corresponding Fermi arcs on the surface, predicting antiferromagnetic Weyl semimetals in Mn3Ge and Mn3Sn. Here the chiral antiferromagnetism in the Kagome-type lattice structure is essential to determine the positions and numbers of Weyl points. Our work further reveals a new guiding principle to search for magnetic Weyl semimetals among materials that exhibit a strong anomalous Hall effect.
Assessment of Additional Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease and Awareness Among Adult Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study From Northern Sri Lanka

Introduction Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in people with type 2 diabetes. The assessment of additional risk factors for cardiovascular disease among diabetes patients and comparing current practices with the best practices can improve patient care. The aim of this study was to assess these additional risk factors and awareness of them among adult patients with diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in the general medical wards at District General Hospital Kilinochchi from June 2021 through August 2021 and included 421 patients. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 28. Results Most patients (70.1%) were women, and their mean age was 57.4 years. Their lifestyle-related risk factors included being overweight (9%) or obese (2.1%), smoking (8.8%), consuming alcohol (2.4%), insufficient physical activity (23.5%), and not meeting the Sri Lankan dietary guidelines for the consumption of fruits and vegetable (75.3%). In addition, 3.3% were suffering from chronic kidney disease, 6.2% from micro-albuminuria, 49.4% from hypertension, and 67.7% from hypercholesterolemia. Further, 11.4% (CI: 8.6-11.7%) had uncontrolled diabetes, only 40.1% had low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels within the target range, and only 16.2% had systolic blood pressure within the target range. Conclusions The findings presented here indicate the existence of significant gaps similar to those found in the literature regarding lifestyle modifications and recommended practices for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. As a result, it may be necessary to address physicians’ inertia in regard to the implementation of best practices, and there is a clear need to educate patients during their visits to reinforce the importance of lifestyle modifications.
A GRANULATION “FLICKER”-BASED MEASURE OF STELLAR SURFACE GRAVITY

In our previous work we found that high-quality light curves, such as those obtained by Kepler, may be used to measure stellar surface gravity via granulation-driven light curve “flicker” (F8). Here, we update and extend the relation originally presented by Bastien et al. in 2013 after calibrating F8 against a more robust set of asteroseismically derived surface gravities. We describe in detail how we extract the F8 signal from the light curves, including how we treat phenomena, such as exoplanet transits and shot noise, that adversely affect the measurement of F8. We examine the limitations of the technique, and, as a result, we now provide an updated treatment of the F8-based log g ? > error. We briefly highlight further applications of the technique, such as astrodensity profiling or its use in other types of stars with convective outer layers. We discuss potential uses in current and upcoming space-based photometric missions. Finally, we supply F8-based log g ? > values, and their uncertainties, for 27,628 Kepler stars not identified as hosts of transiting planets, with 4500 K < Teff < 7150 K, 2.5 < log g ? > < 4.6, Kp ≤ 13.5, and overall photometric amplitudes <10 parts per thousand.
The study of Lorenz and Rössler strange attractors by means of quantum theory

We have developed a method for complementing an arbitrary classical dynamical system to a quantum system using the Lorenz and Rössler systems as examples. The Schrödinger equation for the corresponding quantum statistical ensemble is described in terms of the Hamilton–Jacobi formalism. We consider both the original dynamical system in the position space and the conjugate dynamical system corresponding to the momentum space. Such simultaneous consideration of mutually complementary position and momentum frameworks provides a deeper understanding of the nature of chaotic behavior in dynamical systems. We have shown that the new formalism provides a significant simplification of the Lyapunov exponents calculations. From the point of view of quantum optics, the Lorenz and Rössler systems correspond to three modes of a quantized electromagnetic field in a medium with cubic nonlinearity. From the computational point of view, the new formalism provides a basis for the analysis of complex dynamical systems using quantum computers.
Morphology of Phagophore Precursors by Correlative Light-Electron Microscopy

Autophagosome biogenesis occurs in the transient subdomains of the endoplasmic reticulum that are called omegasomes, which, in fluorescence microscopy, appear as small puncta, which then grow in diameter and finally shrink and disappear once the autophagosome is complete. Autophagosomes are formed by phagophores, which are membrane cisterns that elongate and close to form the double membrane that limits autophagosomes. Earlier electron-microscopy studies showed that, during elongation, phagophores are lined by the endoplasmic reticulum on both sides. However, the morphology of the very early phagophore precursors has not been studied at the electron-microscopy level. We used live-cell imaging of cells expressing markers of phagophore biogenesis combined with correlative light-electron microscopy, as well as electron tomography of ATG2A/B-double-deficient cells, to reveal the high-resolution morphology of phagophore precursors in three dimensions. We showed that phagophores are closed or nearly closed into autophagosomes already at the stage when the omegasome diameter is still large. We further observed that phagophore precursors emerge next to the endoplasmic reticulum as bud-like highly curved membrane cisterns with a small opening to the cytosol. The phagophore precursors then open to form more flat cisterns that elongate and curve to form the classically described crescent-shaped phagophores.
Resolving the molecular gas around the lensed quasar RXJ0911.4+0551

We report on high angular resolution observations of the CO(7–6) line and millimeter continuum in the host galaxy of the gravitationally lensed (z ∼ 2.8) quasar RXJ0911.4+0551 using the Plateau de Bure Interferometer. Our CO observations resolve the molecular disk of the source. Using a lens model based on HST observations, we fit source models to the observed visibilities. We estimate a molecular disk radius of 1 ± 0.2 kpc and an inclination of 69 ± 6 deg, the continuum is more compact and is only marginally resolved by our observations. The relatively low molecular gas mass, Mgas = (2.3 ± 0.5) × 10 9 M� , and far-infrared (FIR) luminosity, LFIR = (7.2 ± 1.5) × 10 11 L� , of this quasar could be explained by its relatively low dynamical mass, Mdyn = (3.9 ± 0.9) × 10 9 M� . It would be a scaled-down version the quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) usually found at high-z. The FIR and CO luminosities lie on the correlation found for QSOs from low to high redshifts and the gas-to-dust ratio (45 ± 17) is similar to the one measured in the z = 6.4 QSO, SDSS J1148+5251. Differential magnification affects the continuum-to-line luminosity ratio, the line profile, and possibly the spectral energy distribution.
Energy band structure of strained Si1−xCx alloys on Si (001) substrate

We report the energy band structures of strained Si1−xCx alloys on Si (001) substrates. All calculations are based on a 20×20 Hamiltonian matrix constructed from the linear combination of atomic orbital approximation with spin–orbit interaction, strain effect, and lattice disorder effect taken into account. The lattice disorder parameter is obtained from fittings with the experimental band gap of strained Si1−xCx alloy with small carbon concentration and reflects the initial reduction of band gap of relaxed Si1−xCx alloy, while simple virtual crystal approximation does not. The effect of strain on band structure is incorporated in terms of the interatomic interaction parameters, which are functions of bond length and bond angle. The strained Si1−xCx alloy becomes metallic when x=28%. All the directional effective masses are affected by the strain. Overall agreements are found between our theoretical calculations and recent experimental results.
Noise of a single-electron emitter

I analyze the correlation function of currents generated by the periodically driven quantum capacitor emitting single electrons and holes into the chiral waveguide. I compare adiabatic and non-adiabatic, transient working regimes of a single-electron emitter and find the striking difference between the correlation functions in two regimes. Quite generally for the system driven with frequency $\Omega$ the correlation function depends on two frequencies, $\omega$ and $\ell \Omega - \omega$, where $\ell$ is an integer. For the emitter driven non-adiabatically the correlation functions for different $\ell$ are similar and almost symmetric in $\omega$. While in the case of adiabatic drive the correlation functions for $\ell \ne 0$ are highly asymmetric in $\omega$ and exceed significantly the one corresponding to $\ell = 0$. Under optimal operating conditions the correlation function for odd $\ell$ is zero.
The Hepatic Mitochondrial Alterations Exacerbate Meta-Inflammation in Autism Spectrum Disorders

The role of the liver in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), developmental disabilities characterized by impairments in social interactions and repetitive behavioral patterns, has been poorly investigated. In ASD, it has been shown a dysregulation of gut–brain crosstalk, a communication system able to influence metabolic homeostasis, as well as brain development, mood and cognitive functions. The liver, with its key role in inflammatory and metabolic states, represents the crucial metabolic organ in this crosstalk. Indeed, through the portal vein, the liver receives not only nutrients but also numerous factors derived from the gut and visceral adipose tissue, which modulate metabolism and hepatic mitochondrial functions. Here, we investigated, in an animal model of ASD (BTBR mice), the involvement of hepatic mitochondria in the regulation of inflammatory state and liver damage. We observed increased inflammation and oxidative stress linked to hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction, steatotic hepatocytes, and marked mitochondrial fission in BTBR mice. Our preliminary study provides a better understanding of the pathophysiology of ASD and could open the way to identifying hepatic mitochondria as targets for innovative therapeutic strategies for the disease.
A Time-Domain Finite-Difference Method for Bending Waves on Infinite Beams on an Elastic Foundation

To model the vibration and structure-borne sound excitation and propagation of a railway rail, it can be modeled as an infinite beam on an elastic foundation. Existing analytical or numerical models are either formulated in the frequency domain or consider only finite beams in the time domain. Therefore, a time-domain approach for bending wave propagation on an effectively infinite beam on an elastic foundation is proposed. The approach makes use of an implicit finite-difference method that allows for varying properties of the beam and the foundation along the length of the beam. Strategies for an efficient discretization are discussed. The method is validated against existing analytical models for a single layer and two layers, as well as continuous and discrete support. The results show very good agreement, and it can be concluded that the proposed method can be seen as a versatile method for simulating the behavior of a beam on different kinds of elastic foundations.
A DWARF NOVA IN THE GLOBULAR CLUSTER M13

Dwarf novae (DNe) in globular clusters (GCs) seem to be rare with only 13 detections in the 157 known Galactic GCs. We report the identification of a new DN in M13, the 14th DN identified in a GC to date. Using the 2 m Faulkes Telescope North, we conducted a search for stars in M13 that show variability over a year (2005–2006) on timescales of days and months. This led to the detection of one DN showing several outbursts. A Chandra X-ray source is coincident with this DN and shows both a spectrum and variability consistent with that expected from a DN, thus supporting the identification. We searched for a counterpart in Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys/Wide Field Camera archived images and found at least 11 candidates, of which we could characterize only the 7 brightest, including one with a 3σ Hα excess and a faint blue star. The detection of one DN when more could have been expected likely indicates that our knowledge of the global Galactic population of cataclysmic variables is too limited. The proportion of DNe may be lower than found in catalogs, or they may have a much smaller mean duty cycle (∼1%) as proposed by some population synthesis models and recent observations in the field.
ITERATIVE ALGORITHMS WITH ERRORS FOR NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINGS IN BANACH SPACES

The iterative algorithms with errors for nonexpansive mappings are investigated in Banach spaces. Strong convergence theorems for these algorithms are obtained. Our results improve the corresponding results in (5, 13{15, 23, 27{29, 32) as well as those in (1, 16, 19, 26) in framework of a Hilbert space.