Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards a Theory of Everything Part I Introduction of Consciousness in Electromagnetic Theory, Special and General Theory of Relativity

Theory of everything must include consciousness. In this Part I of the series of three articles, we introduce the subjective experience (SE) and/or proto‐experience (PE) aspect of consciousness in classical physics, where PEs are precursors of SEs. In our dual‐ aspect‐dual‐mode PE‐SE framework, it was hypothesized that fundamental entities (strings or elementary particles: fermions and bosons) have two aspects: (i) material aspect such as mass, charge, spin, and space‐time, and (ii) mental aspect, such as experiences. There are three competing hypotheses: (1) superposition based H1 (SEs/PEs are superposed in the mental aspect of entities; when a specific stimulus is presented to the neural‐network, the associated specific SE is selected by the matching and selection process and experienced by this network), (2) superposition‐then‐integration based H2 (only PEs are superposed, which are integrated by neural‐Darwinism leading to specific SEs) and (3) integration based H3 (each entity has its own PE, which keeps on transforming appropriately as matter evolves from elementary particles to neural‐ networks; it is a dual‐aspect panpsychism). We found that the followings, in classical physics, are invariant under the PE‐SE transformation: electromagnetic strength tensor, electromagnetic stress‐energy tensor, the electromagnetic theory (Maxwell's equations), Newtonian gravitational field, the entropic force, Special and General Theory of Relativity. Our analysis suggests that (i) SEs are embedded in space‐time geometry for the structure of space‐time (empty space or the vacuum without matter). (ii) For matter field, SEs can move with spatiotemporal coordinates of matter because it is in the mental aspect of matter as both mental and material aspects are always together in the dual‐aspect‐dual‐mode optimal PE‐SE framework. (iii) Our specific SE is the result of matching and selection processes and can change with space and time. For example, the experience redness has V4/V8/VO‐red‐green neural‐network with redness‐ state as neural correlates. When a subject moves, the specific SE redness also moves with the subject’s correlated neural‐network. In addition, SEs can change with time as stimuli change. In other words, SEs in a subject change with space‐time. We conclude that it is possible to introduce the SE/PE aspect of consciousness in classical physics. In Parts II and III, the SE aspect of consciousness will be introduced in orthodox quantum physics and modern quantum physics (such as loop quantum gravity and string theory), respectively. Thus, the introduction of the SE aspect of consciousness in physics leads us to unify consciousness with known four fundamental forces, which entails towards a theory of everything.
Protective Effects of Salidroside on Mitochondrial Functions against Exertional Heat Stroke-Induced Organ Damage in the Rat

Exertional heat stroke (EHS) results in a constellation of systemic inflammatory responses resulting in multiorgan failure and an extremely high mortality. The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of salidroside on EHS by improving mitochondrial functions in the rat model. Liver and heart mitochondria were observed by transmission electron microscopy and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was detected by a fluorescent probe. Intramitochondrial free Ca2+ concentration, mitochondrial respiratory control ratio (RCR), reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity were detected by the corresponding kits. RT-PCR was performed to estimate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and manganese form of SOD (MnSOD) mRNA expression. The results demonstrated that salidroside was able to relieve EHS damage by reducing the swelling of mitochondria, ROS levels, and MDA activity, as well as increasing ΔΨm, RCR, free Ca2+ concentration, SOD, PGC-1α, and MnSOD mRNA levels. In conclusion, salidroside has protective effects on mitochondrial functions against exertional heat stroke-induced organ damage in the rat.
Barriers and Conflicts in Relationships of Small Firms – Insights from Central Europe

This paper contributes to our knowledge about buyerseller relations by identifying barriers and conflict situations associated with maintaining and developing durable business relationships by small companies. The contribution of prior studies with regard to negative aspects of marketing relationships is presented in the first section. The international research results are discussed with regard to the existing conceptualizations and main research implications identified at the end. Keywords—Relationship marketing, barriers, conflict, SME, international research.
Cocaine Modulates Locomotion Behavior in C. elegans

Cocaine, a potent addictive substance, is an inhibitor of monoamine transporters, including DAT (dopamine transporter), SERT (serotonin transporter) and NET (norepinephrine transporter). Cocaine administration induces complex behavioral alterations in mammals, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we tested the effect of cocaine on C. elegans behavior. We show for the first time that acute cocaine treatment evokes changes in C. elegans locomotor activity. Interestingly, the neurotransmitter serotonin, rather than dopamine, is required for cocaine response in C. elegans. The C. elegans SERT MOD-5 is essential for the effect of cocaine, consistent with the role of cocaine in targeting monoamine transporters. We further show that the behavioral response to cocaine is primarily mediated by the ionotropic serotonin receptor MOD-1. Thus, cocaine modulates locomotion behavior in C. elegans primarily by impinging on its serotoninergic system.
Nonnegative matrix factorization with maximum self-information on basis components

In this paper, we propose a novel method, called nonnegative matrix factorization with maximum self-information on basis components (NMFMSI), for learning informative, spatially localized and parts-based subspace representations of visual patterns. In addition to the nonnegativity constraint in the standard nonnegative matrix factorization model, a new objective function is defined to impose maximum self-information and smoothness constraints on the basis components and the encoding vectors, respectively. NMFMSI yields a set of basis features which not only allows an additive representation of data but also contains more information about the data. The self-information of a basis feature is closely related to its probability density. By using the Oja rules, an algorithm is presented for learning the nonnegative solutions of NMFMSI. Experimental results on the swimmer dataset and ORL face database demonstrate the advantages of NMFMSI.
Generation and Analysis of Height Models based on Satellite Information

With the availability of digital elevation models (DEMs) generated by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) a homogenous height model is given for most parts of the world. The spacing of 3 arc sec for the published SRTM C-band DEM is reducing the morphologic information especially in mountainous regions. With a spacing of 1 arc sec the SRTM X-band DEMs do include quite more details about the terrain surface, but large gaps between the X-band flight paths do exist. Even with the 15m ground sampling distance of ASTER images, based on automatic image matching in mountainous areas more morphologic details can be achieved like with the SRTM C-band DEM. The higher resolution of SPOT 5, KOMPSAT-1, IKONOS or others will lead to more morphologic details. As well the Xas the C-band RADAR cannot penetrate the vegetation, so not only the optical images, also SRTM will lead to digital surface models showing the visible surface and not the bare ground. If the noise of the DEMs is below the influence of the buildings and the vegetation, by filtering large parts of the influence of the vegetation and the buildings to the height model can be removed. The analysis of different height models has shown in nearly every case a clear dependency of the vertical accuracy upon the terrain inclination. Often systematic errors not only in Z, also in the horizontal location can be seen. This requires a horizontal shift determination and correction by least squares adjustment. Especially the results of intensive tests with different products in the Zonguldak test area will be shown, supplemented by results achieved in other areas.
Clustering Ontology-enriched Graph Representation for Biomedical Documents based on Scale-Free Network Theory

In this paper we introduce a novel document clustering approach that solves some major problems of traditional document clustering approaches. Instead of depending on traditional vector space model, this approach represents documents as graphs using domain knowledge in ontology because graphs can represent the semantic relationships among the concepts in documents. Based on scale-free network theory, our approach generates a model for each document cluster from the ontology-enriched graph representation by identifying k high density subgraphs capturing the core semantic relationship information about each document cluster. Using these k high density subgraphs, each document is assigned to a proper document cluster. Our extensive experimental results on MEDLINE articles show that our approach outperforms two leading document clustering algorithms, BiSecting K-means and CLUTO's vcluster. Moreover, our approach provides a meaningful explanation for document clustering through generated models. This explanation helps users to understand clustering results and documents as a whole
On-Board Diagnosis of Automotive Systems: From Dynamic Qualitative Diagnosis to Decision Trees

On-board diagnostic systems play an important role in the current generation of cars and will play an increasingly important role in the next future. The design of on-board diagnostic systems is a challenging problem under several points of view. In this paper we discuss the experience we made on such a problem within the VMBD project. In particular, we discuss an approach which tries to reconcile two goals: satisfying all the requirements and constraints imposed by the on-board application, and exploiting the advantages of the model-based approach as much as possible. The approach is based on qualitative deviation models for the automatic derivation of on-board diagnostics based on decision trees. In the paper we use a speci c application, the Common Rail fuel delivery system, as a concrete example, brie y discussing the on-board diagnostics we designed for such a system and its prototype implementation and demonstration.
Towards universality of growth grammars: models of Bell, Pagès, and Takenaka revisited.

Les « grammaires de croissance » sont une version etendue de systemes de Lindenmayer parametrises, elargi par quelques proprietes nouvelles (operateur d'expansion, sensitivite globale, regles interpretatives, operateurs arithmetiques-structuraux). Ils peuvent servir comme une base formelle pour la description de modeles fonctionnels-structuraux deja publies. Cette possibilite est demontree par trois modeles bien connu qui ont en commun la qualite d'etre developpe sans utilisation de quelque grammaire formelle : un simulateur structural des plantes de Bell, un modele de racines de Pages et Kervella, et un modele d'arbre sur-sol (inclus la concurrence pour la lumiere) de Takenaka. Cette etude considere les extensions speciales de L-systemes qui sont necessaire pour reconstruire quelques proprietes caracteristiques de chacun de ces modeles. Le degre d'universalite obtenu et les limitations actuelles de l'approche de grammaires de croissance en relation avec les modeles fonctionnels-structuraux d'arbre sont discutees.
The Human-Computer Challenge in Ontology Engineering

In this chapter we introduce and then discuss the broad and rather complex area of human-ontology interaction. After reviewing generic tenets of HCI and their relevance to ontology management, we give an empirical evidence of some HCI challenges for ontology engineering tools and the shortcomings in some existing tools from this viewpoint. We highlight several functional opportunities that seem to be missing in the existing tools, and then look at three areas that may help rectifying the identified gaps. We relate methods from user profiling, large data set navigation and ontology customization into a “triple stack,” which may bring tools for engineering ontologies from the level of niche products targeting highly trained specialists to the ‘mainstream’ level suitable for practitioners and ordinary users. The work presented in this chapter is based on the authors’ research together with other colleagues in the context of the “NeOn: Lifecycle Support for Networked Ontologies” project.
The role of PDGF-B in brain blood vessels

Nahar, K. 2019. The role of PDGF-B in brain blood vessels. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 1556. 48 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-513-0607-0. The development of blood vessels is dependent on several molecular cues to form properly. A functional PDGF-B/PDGFR-b signaling is paramount for the investment of mural cells, that provide with support, to the developing vasculature. Mutations in PDGFB and PDGFRB are linked to PFBC, an age-dependent neurodegenerative condition manifested by vessel associated calcifications in the brain. The overall aim of the work presented in here was to investigate PFBC related calcifications and analyze the effects of impaired PDGF-B/PDGFR-b signaling on the formation of brain calcifications in different mouse models. In paper I, we functionally analyzed PFBC-related PDGFB and PDGFRB mutations in vitro. While all PDGFB mutations lead to abolished protein function, PDGFRB mutations have more diverse consequences. We also show that reduced Pdgfb and Pdgfrb levels are insufficient for the formation of brain calcifications in several mouse strains. Moreover, region-specific susceptibility factors seem to reside in PFBC pathogenesis that are distinct from pericyte coverage and BBB deficiency. In paper II, we described the molecular composition and cellular association of calcified nodules that develop in two mouse models of PFBC, Pdgfb and Slc20a2 mice. We show that the nodules are composed of proand anti-mineralization proteins and that they are in direct association with astrocytes and microglia In paper III, we analyzed the effects of EC-specific ablation of PDGF-B in adult brain vasculature. We report a substantial decrease of pericyte coverage and altered VSMC morphology and that this phenotype is inadequate to trigger the formation of calcifications or affect BBB integrity. The aim of paper IV was to molecularly define the adult mouse brain vasculature by taking advantage of the scRNAseq technique. Here, we describe a gradual change in expression profile along the arteriovenous axis: ECs present a continuum along the axis while mural cell expression profile is punctuated. In summary, this thesis present detailed description of calcifications formed in mouse models of PFBC and address the role of impaired PDGF-B/PDGFR-b signaling for the formation of nodules in mice. Furthermore, the scRNaseq analysis performed on healthy adult brain vasculature has paved the way for future analysis in mouse models of PFBC.
Research on the Construction Method of Emergency Plan Ontology Based-on OWL

How to solve the emergency properly has been an important aspect to test the administrative ability of governments. Emergency plans describe the domain knowledge of emergency handling, which is the basis of high-efficient response, and it’s necessary to share knowledge in emergency plans among participating organizations. Presently, knowledge representation and sharing is becoming the mainstream, so how to construct the emergency plan ontology is the key for high-efficient response. A new construction method of owl ontology oriented to emergency plan is proposed, in order to solve the problems above. We analyzed the requirement of Emergency Response Systems for emergency plan knowledge, regarded emergency plan’s application as guidance and pay attention to experts’ participation and collaboration in ontology construction. It is shown in practice that the new method is able to guarantee the quality of the emergency plan ontology and provides formal knowledge representation to support knowledge sharing and collaborative work among different organizations in Emergency Response Systems.
Conditioning the logistic branching process on non-extinction

We consider a birth and death process in which death is due to both ‘natural death’ and to competition between individuals, modelled as a quadratic function of population size. The resulting ‘logistic branching process’ has been proposed as a model for numbers of individuals in populations competing for some resource, or for numbers of species. However, because of the quadratic death rate, even if the intrinsic growth rate is positive, the population will, with probability one, die out in finite time. There is considerable interest in understanding the process conditioned on non-extinction. In this paper, we exploit a connection with the ancestral selection graph of population genetics to find expressions for the transition rates in the logistic branching process conditioned on survival until some fixed time T, in terms of the distribution of a certain one-dimensional diffusion process at time T. We also find the probability generating function of the Yaglom distribution of the process and rather explicit expressions for the transition rates for the so-called Q-process, that is the logistic branching process conditioned to stay alive into the indefinite future. For this process, one can write down the joint generator of the (time-reversed) total population size and what in population genetics would be called the ‘genealogy’ and in phylogenetics would be called the ‘reconstructed tree’ of a sample from the population. We explore some ramifications of these calculations numerically.
Secure Copy Protection for Mobile Apps

Copy protection for Android apps exists since the early days, but even today the existing solutions like Google's License Verification Library or Amazon's DRM solutions are proven to be insecure according to our recent analyses. In this paper we suggest to use secure elements to improve the overall security and to separate confidential data from the insecurity of the Android OS. The content is taken from our ongoing research.
Regulation of yeast DNA polymerase δ-mediated strand displacement synthesis by 5′-flaps

The strand displacement activity of DNA polymerase δ is strongly stimulated by its interaction with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). However, inactivation of the 3′–5′ exonuclease activity is sufficient to allow the polymerase to carry out strand displacement even in the absence of PCNA. We have examined in vitro the basic biochemical properties that allow Pol δ-exo− to carry out strand displacement synthesis and discovered that it is regulated by the 5′-flaps in the DNA strand to be displaced. Under conditions where Pol δ carries out strand displacement synthesis, the presence of long 5′-flaps or addition in trans of ssDNA suppress this activity. This suggests the presence of a secondary DNA binding site on the enzyme that is responsible for modulation of strand displacement activity. The inhibitory effect of a long 5′-flap can be suppressed by its interaction with single-stranded DNA binding proteins. However, this relief of flap-inhibition does not simply originate from binding of Replication Protein A to the flap and sequestering it. Interaction of Pol δ with PCNA eliminates flap-mediated inhibition of strand displacement synthesis by masking the secondary DNA site on the polymerase. These data suggest that in addition to enhancing the processivity of the polymerase PCNA is an allosteric modulator of other Pol δ activities.
The Faint Sky Variability Survey II: Initial Results

We discuss the first results from the Faint Sky Variability Survey (Groot et al. 2000). The data consist of V-band light curves, BVI colours, astrometry, and morphology information on several hundred thousand point and extended sources in the magnitude range V=17-25. We discuss the first 30 survey fields covering an area of 8.4 square degrees towards moderate and high galactic latitudes. We analyse the quality of and discuss our differential photometry light curves. We employ statistical methods to select variable objects and present example variable light curves. The distribution of the colours and magnitudes of point sources in the survey is discussed and compared to galactic star count models. Finally, we discuss our search for trans-Neptunian objects in the FSVS fields observed towards ecliptic opposition.
THE SUITABILITY OF DIFFERENT STATISTICAL MEASURES TO ASSESS THE STABILITY OF RESISTANCE TO PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS ( MONT . ) DE BARY IN POTATO CULTIVARS IN FIELD CONDITIONS

This study presents a comparison of several measures of stability applied for rAUDPC (relative area under the disease progress curve) values, which describes the rate of late blight development on plants of 22 cultivars examined in 13 environments. The stability variance (i), coefficient of ecovalence (Wi), coefficient of variability (CV), environmental variance (SYi), coefficient of regression (bi), nonparametric measures Si and Si, and F statistic for the interaction G×E derived from the Sheffe-Caliński mixed model were among stability measures evaluated. The aim of the study was mainly to compare these measures of stability and select the most suitable one. The environmental variance SYi and coefficient of regression bi are correlated with genotypic values and provide information of limited value. The coefficient of ecovalence Wi, stability variance i and nonparametric measures Si and Si gave very similar results in terms of cultivar rankings. However, in the case of stability variance i, the statistically justifiable division between stable and unstable reacting cultivars is enabled.
Social Value of Public Information: Morris and Shin (2002) is Actually Pro Transparency, Not Con

The main result of Morris and Shin (2002) (restated in papers by Amato, Morris, and Shin (2002) and Amato and Shin (2003) and commented upon by Economist (2004)) has been presented and interpreted as an anti-transparency result: more public information can be bad. However, some scrutiny of the result shows that it is actually pro transparency: except in very special circumstances, more public information is good. Furthermore, for a conservative benchmark of equal precision in public and private information, social welfare is higher than in a situation without public information.