Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Etiology , Diagnosis and Treatment of Fibromyalgia : A Practical and Effective Approach

Counseling Association by Dr. Garry R. Walz and Dr. Jeanne C. Bleuer of Counseling Outfitters, LLC. Its purpose is to provide a means of capturing the ideas, information and experiences generated by the annual ACA Conference and selected ACA Division Conferences. Papers on a program or practice that has been validated through research or experience may also be submitted. This digital collection of peer-reviewed articles is authored by counselors, for counselors. VISTAS Online contains the full text of over 500 proprietary counseling articles published from 2004 to present.
A Model for Interaural Time Difference Sensitivity in the Medial Superior Olive: Interaction of Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Inputs, Channel Dynamics, and Cellular Morphology

This study reports simulations of recent physiological results from the gerbil medial superior olive (MSO) that reveal that blocking glycinergic inhibition can shift the tuning for the interaural time difference (ITD) of the cell (Brand et al., 2002). Our simulations indicate that the model proposed in the study by Brand et al. (2002) requires precisely timed, short-duration inhibition with temporal accuracy exceeding that described in the auditory system. An alternative model is proposed that incorporates two anatomic observations in the MSO: (1) the axon arises from the dendrite that receives ipsilateral inputs; and (2) inhibitory synapses are located primarily on the soma in adult animals. When the inhibitory currents are activated or blocked, the model cell successfully simulates experimentally observed shifts in the best ITD. The asymmetrical cell structure allows an imbalance between the ipsilateral and contralateral excitatory inputs and shifts the ITD curve such that the best ITD is not at zero. Fine adjustment of the best ITD is achieved by the interplay of somatic sodium currents and synaptic inhibitory currents. The shift of the best ITD in the model is limited to ∼0.2 ms, which is behaviorally significant with respect to ITDs encountered in perceptual tasks. The model suggests a mechanism for dynamically “fine-tuning” the ITD sensitivity of MSO cells by the opponency between depolarizing sodium currents and hyperpolarizing inhibitory currents.
An emerging consensus on voltage-dependent gating from computational modeling and molecular dynamics simulations

Developing an understanding of the mechanism of voltage-gated ion channels in molecular terms requires knowledge of the structure of the active and resting conformations. Although the active-state conformation is known from x-ray structures, an atomic resolution structure of a voltage-dependent ion channel in the resting state is not currently available. This has motivated various efforts at using computational modeling methods and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to provide the missing information. A comparison of recent computational results reveals an emerging consensus on voltage-dependent gating from computational modeling and MD simulations. This progress is highlighted in the broad context of preexisting work about voltage-gated channels.
What Was Human Birth Weight in the Past? Simulations Based on Data on Stature from the Palaeolithic to the Present

Abstract Human populations are well known to have undergone secular trends in height. Due to the sensitivity of stature to nutrition in early life, these trends in height imply complementary trends in birth weight, albeit displaced in time by a few generations. This article presents a simulation of birth weight in past populations, based on the assumption of an inherent association between birth weight and adult height. These simulations suggest a substantial decrease in birth weight between the Palaeolithic and Neolithic periods, followed by more modest trends within the historical era. Whilst birth weight clearly responds to other environmental factors, these findings give some indication of the magnitude of plasticity in birth weight across time, and have implications for our understanding of the energy costs of reproduction and the likely survival of infants across different periods of human evolution.
Análisis preliminar de los entierros humanos del sitio Paso Alsina 1 (Partido de Patagones, Provincia de Buenos Aires)

Se presentan las caracteristicas principales del sitio Paso Alsina 1 (Partido de Patagones, Provincia de Buenos Aires), localizado en la margen sur del curso inferior del rio Colorado. Se trata de un area de inhumacion compuesta por al menos 10 entierros secundarios datados entre ca. 500-450 anos radiocarbonicos AP. Sobre la base de las similitudes en la presencia y disposicion de algunas unidades anatomicas se definen y discuten las caracteristicas basicas de la estructura funeraria, sus dimensiones, la ubicacion espacial y orientacion de los entierros y la variabilidad interna existente entre los fardos funerarios y/o entierros. La informacion derivada de estos analisis indica que el sitio se trataria de un area exclusiva de inhumaciones representada por una estructura funeraria compuesta por un numero minimo de 55 individuos. La mayoria de las unidades anatomicas se encuentran pintadas de rojo y se detectaron huellas de corte posiblemente ligadas al desmembramiento de partes esqueletarias. Finalmente se comparan los resultados obtenidos con la informacion disponible sobre entierros secundarios para el area de estudio y para areas aledanas provenientes de la region pampeana y sector costero de norpatagonia.
Network Working Group Newreno Modification to Fast Recovery Algorithm

Status of this Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract The purpose of this document is to advance NewReno TCP's Fast Retransmit and Fast Recovery algorithms in RFC 2582 from Experimental to Standards Track status. The main change in this document relative to RFC 2582 is to specify the Careful variant of NewReno's Fast Retransmit and Fast Recovery algorithms. The base algorithm described in RFC 2582 did not attempt to avoid unnecessary multiple Fast Retransmits that can occur after a timeout. However, RFC 2582 also defined "Careful" and "Less Careful" variants that avoid these unnecessary Fast Retransmits, and recommended the Careful variant. This document specifies the previously-named "Careful" variant as the basic version of NewReno TCP.
The Optimal Age to Learn a Foreign Language

its advanced placement, especially in methodology and goals. Both levels influence each other if they have conferences which are freely attended and participated in by both sides. Perhaps Politzer is essentially correct when he says that changes in methods and aims of foreign language curricula are shaped primarily by forces outside th field of language teaching and even of education. The curriculum reflects the changing values of society, and changes in subject matter in turn influence content as well as method. '
IGFBP-5 regulates muscle cell differentiation by binding to IGF-II and switching on the IGF-II auto-regulation loop

IGF-II stimulates both mitogenesis and myogenesis through its binding and activation of the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR). How this growth factor pathway promotes these two opposite cellular responses is not well understood. We investigate whether local IGF binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) promotes the myogenic action of IGF-II. IGFBP-5 is induced before the elevation of IGF-II expression during myogenesis. Knockdown of IGFBP-5 impairs myogenesis and suppresses IGF-II gene expression. IGF-II up-regulates its own gene expression via the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Adding IGF-II or constitutively activating Akt rescues the IGFBP-5 knockdown-caused defects. However, an IGF analogue that binds to the IGF-IR but not IGFBP has only a limited effect. When added with low concentrations of IGF-II, IGFBP-5 restores IGF-II expression and myogenic differentiation, whereas an IGF binding–deficient IGFBP-5 mutant has no effect. These findings suggest that IGFBP-5 promotes muscle cell differentiation by binding to and switching on the IGF-II auto-regulation loop.
KIR2DL5: An Orphan Inhibitory Receptor Displaying Complex Patterns of Polymorphism and Expression

A recently developed anti-KIR2DL5 (CD158f) antibody has demonstrated KIR2DL5 expression on the surface of NK and T lymphocytes, making it the last functional KIR identified in the human genome. KIR2DL5 belongs to an ancestral lineage of KIR with Ig-like domains of the D0-D2 type, of which KIR2DL4, an HLA-G receptor, is the only other human member. Despite KIR2DL4 and KIR2DL5 being encoded by genes with similar domain usage, several KIR2DL5 functions resemble more closely those of KIR recognizing classical HLA class I molecules – surface-expressed KIR2DL5 inhibits NK cells through the SHP-2 phosphatase and displays a clonal distribution on NK and T lymphocytes. No activating homolog of KIR2DL5 has been described in any species. The genetics of KIR2DL5 is complicated by duplication of its gene in an ancestor of modern humans living ∼1.7 million years ago. Both KIR2DL5 paralogs have undergone allelic diversification; the centromeric gene is most often represented by alleles whose expression is silenced epigenetically through DNA methylation, thus providing a natural system to investigate the regulation of KIR transcription. The role of KIR2DL5 in immunity is not completely understood, in spite of different attempts to define its ligand. Here we revisit the most relevant characteristics of KIR2DL5, an NK-cell receptor possessing a unique combination of genetic, structural, and functional features.
Ceramide formation as a target in beta-cell survival and function

Introduction: Ceramide may be synthesized de novo or generated by sphingomyelinase-dependent hydrolysis of sphingomyelin. Areas covered: The role of ceramide, ceramide-sensitive signaling and ion channels in β-cell apoptosis, lipotoxicity and amyloid-induced β-cell death. Expert opinion: Ceramide participates in β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis after exposure to TNFα, IL-1β and IFN-γ, excessive amyloid and islet amyloid polypeptide or non-esterified fatty acids (lipotoxicity). Knockout of sphingomyelin synthase 1, which converts ceramide to sphingomyelin, leads to impairment of insulin secretion. Increased ceramidase activity or pharmacological inhibition of ceramide synthetase, inhibits β-cell apoptosis. Ceramide contributes to endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) stress, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in insulin-secreting cells and mitochondrial release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, which are all triggers of apoptotic cell death. Ceramide-dependent signaling involves activation of extracellularly regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), downregulation of Period (Per)-aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (Arnt)-single-minded (Sim) kinase (PASK), activation of okadaic-acid-sensitive protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and stimulation of NADPH-oxidase with generation of superoxides and lipid peroxides. Ceramide reduces the activity of voltage gated potassium (Kv)-channels in insulin-secreting cells. The role of ceramide in β-cell survival and function may be therapeutically relevant, because ceramide formation can be suppressed by pharmacological inhibition of ceramide synthetase and/or sphingomyelinase.
Milwaukee’s Disregarded Population

The research was a partial replication of Devah Pager’s study of the effect of a criminal record on employment opportunities in the Milwaukee, Wisconsin labor market. A quantitative and qualitative method was utilized to examine the effects of a criminal record, race, and the relationship between employers’ willingness to hire ex-offenders and their actual hiring of ex-offenders. An experimental audit was conducted by two testers (one Black male and one White male) to audit 30 employers. The results supported Pager’s findings. There was a dramatic negative effect for the Black male tester. Three themes emerged from the testers’ diaries and debriefings: (a) the application process was influenced in the favor of the White male by a “gatekeeper,” (b) racism was evident, and (c) an emotional effect was noted on both testers. Finally, during a telephone survey of the same employers, they indicated a willingness to hire both ex-offenders regardless of their race, yet the audit revealed the opposite.
The relative roles of engagement and embeddedness in predicting job performance and intention to leave

Abstract Both work engagement and job embeddedness have seen dramatic growth in research interest over the past few years. Briefly, work engagement can be defined as a positive, fulfilling state of mind, most commonly characterized by vigour, dedication, and absorption. Job embeddedness, in contrast, captures components of an individual's attachment to their job and can be said to consist of links, perceptions of person–environment fit, and the sacrifices involved in quitting. Despite some strong similarity in the constructs in their theoretical bases, there has been no attempt to distinguish them empirically. Thus, the primary research question driving this study was whether work engagement and job embeddedness were empirically distinct constructs. Using a sample of US employees from a wide variety of industries and occupations (n=587), their supervisors, and their closest co-worker, we found via confirmatory factor analysis that engagement and embeddedness were unique constructs. Moreover, using usefulness analysis, we found that engagement and embeddedness each shared unique variance with in-role performance and intention to leave. We discuss the implications of these findings relative to work on motivation and attachment and develop practical implications from our findings as well as directions for future research.
Work-related stress: A survey of Indian anesthesiologists

Background and Aims: Work-related stress is common among medical caregivers and concerns all perioperative care providers. Although anesthesiologists are known to experience stress, there are limited Indian data addressing this issue. This survey was conducted among Indian anesthesiologists to determine their awareness about work stress and views regarding prevention programs. Material and Methods: A survey questionnaire was distributed to delegates visiting the exhibits at the national anesthesiology conference in 2011. The questionnaire had ten questions on the work pattern, five on work-related stress, nine on opinion regarding the need and willingness to participate in stress-related programs. Results: There were 1178 responders. Forty-three percent were faculty in medical institutions, 26% were residents and 25% were in free-lance practice. Ninety-one percent of participants rated their stress as moderate-extreme. There was a significant correlation between the amount of stress and working for more than 8 h (P < 0.001), handling high risk patients (P = 0.002), working on weekends (P = 0.002), and carrying work back home (P < 0.001). Forty-one percent of respondents were very satisfied professionally. Seventy-six percent of doctors agreed that the questionnaire had made them think about work stress. Eighty-four percent of participants felt the need for stress management programs and 69% expressed their willingness to participate in the same. Conclusion: The majority of participants rated their stress as moderate-extreme and was higher in anesthesiologists working long hours, over the weekend and those handling high-risk patients. A majority of participants felt the survey made them think about work-related stress and expressed their willingness to participate in stress management programs.
The Practice of Interdisciplinarity: Complex Conditions and the Potential of Interdisciplinary Theory 1

This article illustrates the formulation of interdisciplinary process presented in Bill Newell's article, "A Theory of Interdisciplinary Studies," by examining a "self-organized" com- munity effort. This effort shows the power of interdisciplinary process, whether consciously or unconsciously applied, in a social setting. It also guides our understanding of the potential strengths and limits of the interdisciplinary process, especially in complex social systems.
Environmental Issues in the Museum: Applying Public Perceptions in Exhibition Development

This paper describes an exhibition on radiation* and the environment. In the exhibition-development process, students' and lay people's conceptions on radiation issues as described in the literature were considered. How these conceptions and the theoretical frame of constructivism may guide exhibition development is discussed. Whether an exhibition of this kind can facilitate cognitive change and aid personal judgment in environmental matters is considered on the basis of data from 16-year-olds' use of the exhibition.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Brassinosteroid-Regulated Gene f rom Elongating Soybean ( GIycine max 1 . ) Epicotyls '

Brassinosteroids promote elongation and regulate gene expression in soybean (Clycine max 1.) stems. We construded a cDNA library from brassinosteroid-treated soybean epicotyls and used differential hybridization to isolate a cDNA (pBRU1) corresponding to a transcript whose abundance is increased by brassinosteroid treatment. Sequence analysis of pBRU1 revealed an open reading frame of 283 amino acids with a putative signal peptide of 29 amino acids. The sequence had extensive homology (77% identity, 89% similarity) over 114 contiguous amino acids to the meri-5 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana (1.1. Medford, J.S. Elmer, H.J. Klee [1991] Plant Cell 3: 359-370), and significant homology (48% identity, 62% similarity) to a xyloglucan endotransglycosylase localized in the cell walls of nasturtium (1. de Silva, C.D. Jarman, D.A. Arrowsmith, M.S. Stronach, S. Chengappa, C. Sidebottom, J.S. Reid [1993] Plant J 3: 701-711). RNase protedion studies showed that BRUl transcript levels are not increased by 1.0 p~ auxins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, or gibberellic acid and that BRUl expression i s highest in stem tissue. Findings from studies with run-on transcripts from isolated soybean nuclei most likely indicate that the regulation of BRUl by brassinosteroids i s largely posttranscriptional. The elevated levels of BRUl transcripts in elongating tissue and the homology with a xyloglucan endotransglycosylase suggest a possible role for the BRUl protein in brassinosteroid-stimulated elongation.
Antenna calibration method for MMSE-based network MIMO system

In this paper, we propose a new channel reciprocity calibration method based on minimum mean square error (MMSE) in network multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) system. Network MIMO system can mitigate the inter-cell interference by joint precoding techniques. The system is assumed to operate in time division duplex (TDD). However, the generalized channeles do not only consist of free-space electromagnetic channel, but also include transceiver modules, the mismatches between the transceiver modules of the antennas destroy the channel reciprocity. Therefore the mismatches should be calibrated before channel reciprocity can be utilized. An effective method for calculating the calibration coefficients in the network MIMO system whose BSs are equipped with multiple antennas is proposed. The network MIMO system is divided into M independent centralized MIMO systems and one distributed MIMO system, then the calibration coefficients of the two systems can be combined to calculate the calibration coefficients of the network MIMO system. The validity of the method is proved by the simulation results.
Enhanced contractile responsiveness to cytosolic Ca(2+) by delta-2 opioid agonist deltorphin in intact guinea pig hearts.

Opioid receptor subtypes, delta and kappa, are found in cardiac tissue and may play a role in cardiac function. We explored if the synthetic opioid delta(2)[D-Ala(2)]-deltorphin (DTP) and mu peptide agonist [D-Ala(2)]-enkephalin (DAMGO) alter the left ventricular pressure (LVP) [Ca(2+)](i) relationship in isolated guinea pig hearts. LV phasic [Ca(2+)](i) was measured from dual fluorescence signals using indo 1. Ca(2+) transients were corrected and calibrated to nM [Ca(2+)](i). Diastolic (d), systolic (s) [Ca(2+)](i), and s-d[Ca(2+)](i) were plotted v LVP at 0.3 to 6.8 mM [CaCl(2)](e)to assess the association of contractility to Ca(2+). Also given were naltriben (NTB) and CTOP, delta(2) and mu antagonists, and nifedipine (NIF) and thapsigargin (THAP). From a control of 880+/-95 nM (SEM), DTP decreased s-d[Ca(2+)](max) to 525+/-82 nM after DTP and to 405+/-84 nM after NIF, whereas THAP increased s-d[Ca(2+)](max)to 1605+/-275 nM. NTB, 795+/-33 nM, NTB+DTP, 820+/-98 nM, DAMGO, 970+/-82 nM, and DAMGO+CTOP, 830+/-93 nM, gave values similar to controls. From a control value of 61+/-4 mm Hg, LVP(max)was increased by DTP to 73+/-3 mmHg and by THAP to 77+/-2 mmHg, was unchanged by DAMGO at 48+/-6 mmHg, and was decreased by NIF to 24+/-2 mmHg. Compared to the control value of 594+/-18 nM, less s-d[Ca(2+)](i) was required to attain 50% s-dLVP(max)(curve left shift) with increasing [CaCl(2)](e) for DTP, 407+/-17 nM, and more was required for THAP, 737+/-35 nM. DTP raised the slope max of s-dLVP(max)(100%) v. s-d[Ca(2+)](i)by 2.7-fold. This indicates DTP enhances cardiac performance by enhancing responsiveness to cytosolic Ca(2+)rather than by raising diastolic Ca(2+) and subsequently released Ca(2+), as does THAP.
Relationship of Heart Rate Variability to Parasympathetic Effect

BackgroundBaroreflex-mediated parasympathetic stimulation has variable effects on heart rate variability (HRV). We postulated that a quadratic function would describe the relationship between HRV and parasympathetic effect better than a linear function. Methods and ResultsTwenty-nine normal volunteers (15 women; mean age 39±12 years) were studied after &bgr;-adrenergic blockade with intravenous propranolol. Five-minute ECG recordings were made during graded infusions of phenylephrine and nitroprusside to achieve baroreflex-mediated increases and decreases in parasympathetic effect, respectively. Time- and frequency-domain measures of HRV were calculated from the R-R interval tachograms. The R-R interval and the vagal-sympathetic effect (VSE=R-R interval/intrinsic R-R interval) were used as indices of parasympathetic effect. The data were fit to both quadratic and linear models. In each case, the quadratic model (with a negative coefficient for the squared term) was superior to the linear model. There was some evidence that age influenced the responsiveness of the HRV parameters with changing parasympathetic effect, although the regression analysis was significant only in the models for MSSD (P <0.03) and pNN50 (P <0.001). ConclusionsThe relationship between HRV and parasympathetic effect is best described by a function in which there is an ascending limb where HRV increases as parasympathetic effect increases until it reaches a plateau level; HRV then decreases as parasympathetic effect increases. Because there is marked interindividual variation in this relationship, differences in HRV between individuals may reflect differences in this relationship and/or differences in autonomic effects.