Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Evolution of the Upwelling Process South of Cape Blanco

Abstract Bursts of upwelling-favorable winds lasting 4–20 days occur year-round south of Cape Blanco, a major headland on the Oregon coast. The ocean’s response to these events was studied using moored current, temperature, and salinity data; satellite SST data; and a few across-shelf sections near the mooring site. The mooring was located at 42°26.49′N, 124°34.47′W, 6 n mi off Gold Beach, Oregon, from May 2000 to October 2003. After the spring transition but before upwelling jet separation, equatorward wind stress produced a steady upwelling response much the same as a long, straight coast. Currents and winds had similar spectral characteristics with a peak near 15 days. After jet separation, upwelling-favorable winds forced a much more variable current consisting of a series of thin equatorward jets that evolved and moved offshore across the mooring, with shorter time scales than the wind stress forcing. During autumn, the equatorward wind stress weakened slightly and a transition period occurred, with .
Possible refugia in the Alexander Archipelago of southeastern Alaska during the late Wisconsin glaciation

The interpretation of the extent of late Wisconsin glaciation in southeastern Alaska has varied between geologists and biologists. Maps and reports of the region prepared by geologists commonly indicated that late Wisconsin ice extended as a large uniform front west to the edge of the continental shelf. However, the distribution of plants and animals in the region has led many biologists to suggest that there may have been ice-free areas that served as refugia during the late Wisconsin. Based on analyses of aerial photographs, topographic maps, and bathymetric charts, in conjunction with a review of previous literature and reconnaissance fieldwork throughout the region, this study presents data supporting a limited ice extent in the Alexander Archipelago during the late Wisconsin and identifies possible ice-free areas that may have served as refugia. These areas include (1) the Fairweather Ground, (2) the Herbert Graves Island area, (3) the western coast of southern Baranof Island and adjacent continental.
Hardiness as the Moderator in the Effect of Mental Workload on Job Stress in Frontline Bank Employees in the Pematang Siantar Area

The present study aimed to examine the role of hardiness in the relationship between mental workload and job stress among frontline bank employees in the Pematang Siantar area. This correlational study involved 53 frontline bank employees in the Pematang Siantar area. Data were collected through a self-report measure using three scales, namely the Job Stress Scale (Rollinson, 2005), the Mental Workload Scale from Reid (in Wickens & Holland, 2000), and the Hardiness Scale based on Kobasa’s theory (in Rollinson, 2005). The results of data analysis using moderated regression analysis (MRA) showed that hardiness had a significant effect on the role of mental workload on job stress in frontline bank employees in the Pematang Siantar area. Further testing with multiple regression analysis showed a significant effect between the dimensions of mental workload and characteristics of hardiness on job stress in frontline bank employees in the Pematang Siantar area
Enhancing 3–4-year-old rural Chinese children’s theory of mind: a randomized control trial to evaluate a parent-involved school-based dialogic reading intervention programme

ABSTRACT This study examined the effect of dialogic reading intervention on improving the theory of mind of rural Chinese children. A 12-week-randomized controlled trial design with two intervention groups, i.e. school practice intervention (SPI), parent-involved intervention (PII), and one control group with traditional reading intervention (TRI) that provided data at pre-, mid-, post-test, and follow-up tests, was adopted. Seventy-five children participated in the study, with twenty-five participants in each group. Results indicated the gain scores of ToM score from pre to mid-tests and pre- to post-tests of the two intervention groups were higher than the control group. The PII group showed higher gain scores in the mid- and post-test than the SPI group. The intervention effects were well maintained in the SPI and PII groups during the two-month follow-up assessment. The findings indicated school-based dialogic reading can effectively promote ToM development and has a maintenance effect, especially when parents are engaged.
Integration of volcanic and sedimentary records of paleointensity: Constraints imposed by irregular eruption rates

The reading of absolute paleointensity by lava flows has been simulated by sampling the field intensities from dipole (extracted from sedimentary paleointensities) and non dipole (similar to the present field) components. Results show that specific features in the geomagnetic intensity cannot be reproduced unless a minimum of 10 flows per 100 ky have been emitted. However, this criteria does not guaranty the high quality of the record, which depends also on the temporal control. For cases where the volcanic activity is episodic, a minimum of 4 dated flows per 100 ky is suggested. The construction of a composite curve from volcanic paleointensity, intended as a type‐curve of field intensity changes, requires a very large number of data in order to overcome the effects of non‐dipole components, errors in ages, and variable sampling. The present volcanic database is far from having this resolution to perform this analysis for the last 800 ky.
Ion-Liquid-Gated KTaO3-Based Electric Double Layer Transistor

The electric double layer transistor (EDLT) based on the two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) at the LaAlO<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\mathbf {{3}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> /KTaO<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\mathbf {{3}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (LAO/KTO) interface is fabricated. Using the ionic liquid gating (ILG), we increase the carrier density of 2DEGs from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.49\times 10^{\mathbf {{13}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4.37\times 10^{\mathbf {{13}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\mathbf {-{2}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and Hall mobility from 140 to 229 cm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\mathbf {{2}}}\,\,\cdot \,\,\text{V}^{\mathbf {-{1}}}\,\,\cdot \,\,\text{s}^{\mathbf {-{1}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 5 K by sweeping gate voltage from −2.5 to 3 V. Meanwhile, the gate-tunable Kondo effect is observed once the carrier density at 5 K is lower than the critical value of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.08\times 10^{\mathbf {{13}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\mathbf {-{2}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Notably, the Rashba spin-orbit coupling of 2DEGs is further regulated by the ILG with the largest spin-splitting energy of 25.42 meV. These results suggest that the ILG serves as a powerful technique to explore the unprecedented properties of KTO-based 2DEGs and design the EDLT devices with superior performances.
Informal Employment and Income: A Case Study in Tra Vinh Province

This paper investigates the impact of the informal economy on the economy, focusing on the relationship between informal employment and the incomes of workers in Tra Vinh province. The empirical modelling employs OLS regression with cross-sectional VHLSS data for the Tra Vinh province covering the period 2004-2018. A labor-based approach of is applied to measure the informality of workers. Accordingly, the workers in the occupational groups who work independently are self-employed, and work for the family business is considered informal employment, while the other group is considered formal employment. The results of the study indicate that the informal employment have the lower incomes in the shor and long term. Beside that, the orther sectors including gender, education, the number of working hours, and skill levels have too a highly significant impact on workers' incomes. All policy implications of the study lead to the goal of improving working conditions for workers in the informal economy. Accordingly, the proposed policies include the synchronization between employment policies and labor supply and demand in the market, which focuses on vocational training for workers, provides solutions to ensure legality for employees and set up a databate on labor supply and demand.
Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence following Catheter Ablation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

(1)Introduction: Catheter ablation has become a cornerstone for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Nevertheless, recurrence rates remain high. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been associated with AF pathogenesis and maintenance. However, the literature has provided equivocal results regarding the relationship between EAT and post-ablation recurrence. (2) Purpose: to investigate the relationship between total and peri-left atrium (peri-LA) EAT with post-ablation AF recurrence. (3) Methods: major electronic databases were searched for articles assessing the relationship between EAT, quantified using computed tomography, and the recurrence of AF following catheter ablation procedures. (4) Results: Twelve studies (2179 patients) assessed total EAT and another twelve (2879 patients) peri-LA EAT. Almost 60% of the included patients had paroxysmal AF and recurrence was documented in 34%. Those who maintained sinus rhythm had a significantly lower volume of peri-LA EAT (SMD: −0.37, 95%; CI: −0.58–0.16, I2: 68%). On the contrary, no significant difference was documented for total EAT (SMD: −0.32, 95%; CI: −0.65–0.01; I2: 92%). No differences were revealed between radiofrequency and cryoenergy pulmonary venous isolation. No publication bias was identified. (5) Conclusions: Only peri-LA EAT seems to be predictive of post-ablation AF recurrence. These findings may reflect different pathophysiological roles of EAT depending on its location. Whether peri-LA EAT can be used as a predictor and target to prevent recurrence is a matter of further research.
Coastal adaptation to climate change in Japan: a review

ABSTRACT In parallel with many other countries, the government of Japan has started to tackle coastal adaptations to climate change. In 2020, the national Basic Policy for Coastal Protection was revised to add the statement that coastal management should account for future changes in coastal hydrodynamic conditions due to climate change. Following this policy, the management body of each coast is requested to revise the Basic Plan for Coastal Protection by 2025. This paper first reviews the current legal frameworks and measures of coastal protection and conservation, such as disaster prevention and mitigation against stormy waves, storm surges and tsunamis, beach conservation, and maintenance of coastal protection facilities. Second, the paper outlines the recent actions taken for coastal adaptation to climate change. With example cases in Osaka and Tokyo bays, it is described how design conditions such as design waves and water levels should account for the influence of climate change. It is also described how adaptive beach management should be implemented accounting for projections of future beach changes. Finally, the paper discusses future challenges in coastal adaptation strategies to climate change in Japan, such as introduction of integrated coastal zone management and other potential options that have not been implemented in Japan.
Predicting depressional storage from soil surface roughness.

Runoff may be reduced by temporal water storage in depressions at the soil surface. Depressional storage is difficult to measure and is usually estimated from some roughness index. The objective of this study was to compare the ability of selected roughness indices to describe maximum depressional storage (MDS). Height measurements were taken on 221 tilled soil surfaces across a range of roughnesses. Maximum depressional storage was determined from digital elevation models (DEMs). The MDS values ranged from 0 to 13 mm. Five roughness indices were calculated from transects across these DEMs: random roughness (RR), tortuosity (T), limiting elevation difference (LD) and slope (LS), and mean upslope depression (MUD). Regression analysis of MDS on each of five roughness indices showed that RR best described depressional storage (r 2 = 0.80). Prediction of MDS in the field based on RR has an uncertainty of ± 3 mm (95% confidence interval). Variation was due to RR and its nonspatial nature. To improve predictions of MDS, the spatial configuration of the surface has to be taken into account.
Predicting body weight of South African Sussex cattle at weaning using multivariate adaptive regression splines and classification and regression tree data mining algorithms

ABSTRACT The use of multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) and classification and regression tree (CART) to estimate the live body weight at weaning age of the Sussex cattle breed remain poorly understood in South Africa. This study was conducted to examine the effect of linear body measurements on body weight at weaning using MARS and CART algorithms. The body weight and linear body measurements included sternum height, withers height, heart girth, hip height, body length, rump length and rump width were collected from 101 Sussex cattle (female = 57 and male = 44) at weaning. Goodness of fit criterions was used to select the best data mining algorithms. The results showed that MARS showed higher predictive performance in the criteria as compared to CART algorithm. The findings of the study suggest that MARS algorithm can be used to estimate the BW at weaning age in Sussex cattle breed. These findings might be helpful to cattle farmers in the selection criterions of breeding stock at weaning age.
Conjugated Nanoparticles for Solid Tumor Theranostics: Unraveling the Interplay of Known and Unknown Factors

Cancer diagnoses have been increasing worldwide, and solid tumors are among the leading contributors to patient mortality, creating an enormous burden on the global healthcare system. Cancer is responsible for around 10.3 million deaths worldwide. Solid tumors are one of the most prevalent cancers observed in recent times. On the other hand, early diagnosis is a significant challenge that could save a person’s life. Treatment with existing methods has pitfalls that limit the successful elimination of the disorder. Though nanoparticle-based imaging and therapeutics have shown a significant impact in healthcare, current methodologies for solid tumor treatment are insufficient. There are multiple complications associated with the diagnosis and management of solid tumors as well. Recently, surface-conjugated nanoparticles such as lipid nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, and quantum dots have shown positive results in solid tumor diagnostics and therapeutics in preclinical models. Other nanotheranostic material platforms such as plasmonic theranostics, magnetotheranostics, hybrid nanotheranostics, and graphene theranostics have also been explored. These nanoparticle theranostics ensure the appropriate targeting of tumors along with selective delivery of cargos (both imaging and therapeutic probes) without affecting the surrounding healthy tissues. Though they have multiple applications, nanoparticles still possess numerous limitations that need to be addressed in order to be fully utilized in the clinic. In this review, we outline the importance of materials and design strategies used to engineer nanoparticles in the treatment and diagnosis of solid tumors and how effectively each method overcomes the drawbacks of the current techniques. We also highlight the gaps in each material platform and how design considerations can address their limitations in future research directions.
Identification of the rare deep-dwelling goby Suruga fundicola Jordan & Snyder, 1901 (Gobiiformes, Gobiidae) from the Yellow Sea

During the 2022 R/V cruises in the Yellow Sea, four goby specimens (51.2‒63.5 mm) were captured by using an Agassiz trawl at a water depth of about 70 meters. These specimens were identified as Suruga fundicola, mainly by the morphometric characters. Their identification was further confirmed by a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on 12S and COI mtDNA genes. Considering that the four specimens were in good condition and that the original description is brief, a detailed description of the specimens is given. Moreover, the present study presents a preliminary analysis of its phylogenetic position within the Acanthogobius-lineage (Gobiidae). The discovery of this goby in the Yellow Sea enriches our knowledge of the fish diversity and distribution of this region, and sheds some light on the ecological habitat of these gobies.
Mollusc-based paleoecological investigations of the Late Copper — Early Bronze Age earth mounds (kurgans) on the Great Hungarian Plain

The malacological material of the mound bodies (kurgans) of the Great Hungarian Plain indicates a mixed vegetation of dry and humid environments, developed on a mosaic of alkaline and chernozem soils in the period of the construction of the kurgan. The malacofauna that evolved in the upper soil horizon of the mound indicates the extremely dry environmental conditions of steppes, charaterized by the dominance of thermoxerophilous species. Dominant species of this kurgan are Chondrula tridens, Helicopsis striata, Granaria frumentum and Cepaea vindobonensis. The species composition shows that there are differences in the malacofauna of the Danube-Tisa Interfluves region compared to that of the lowlands east of River Tisza, indicated by the higher dominance of Granaria frumentum and Helicopsis striata in the former region. Following the construction of the kurgans an island-like, dry habitat developed on their surface, covered by black soil and populated by a steppe fauna, the composition of which is comparable mostly with the mollusc fauna of loess steppes and forest steppe, irrespectively of the floodplain or wind-blown sand character of the original surface.
Mortality Crisis in Rural Southern Sweden 1766-1860

In this paper mortality crises in a rural area in southern Sweden are analysed by using a new approach. We start off with a combined life-event and time-series analysis approach in which the influences of food prices, agricultural production and air temperature on mortality by age, sex and socio-economic status is analyzed, much in line with our previous work. Special attention is given to years when food prices were particularly high, production particularly low and climate particularly unfavourable. We then identify years with mortality crises defined as two succeeding years with at least 25 percent more deaths than normal (often much more). This takes place five times between 1766 and 1860, which is the period we analyse. We analyse whether the causal factors for these crises differ from other years of excess mortality, or if it is just a matter of ―more of the same‖. The data for five rural parishes in southern Sweden analyzed comes from the Scanian Demographic Database. Food prices are local, temperature data stems from a nearby town, and production refers to Scania, the southernmost county of Sweden where all five parishes are located. We find that the mortality crises differ from other years with respect to its causal mechanisms, in particular with respect to effects of food prices.
Multivariate Analysis of Geochemical Data on Tektites

A fundamental problem in the origin of tektites is the estimation of the composition and nature of the parent material from which they were derived. Of equal importance is the nature and complexity of the system of processes that led to their formation. Some information relevant to these problems is thought to be contained in the estimates of correlation among various chemical constituents in tektite specimens. These correlations, however, are subject to restraints imposed on the data by the fact that the constituents within each specimen sum to 100 per cent. The restraints affect correlations among both major and minor constituents. As an alternative, correlations among the ratios of each constituent to $$SiO_{2}$$ have been examined. These correlations are independent of the effects of closure, and correlation coefficients of zero may be taken as indications of total unrelatedness. By use of ratio correlations the samples are compared on an equal $$SiO_{2}$$, rather than the traditional equal total weight, basis. Applying the multivariate statistical methods of factor analysis to the ratio correlations, a model of tektite formation is developed which can account for most of the covariance relationships among major and minor constituents in twenty-one tektite (bediasite) specimens from east-central Texas. According to the model, the principal factors controlling the tektite compositions have been the amount of meteoritic material incorporated into the principal parent material and the nearness of the site of formation to a point of meteoritic impact.
Dynamic excitation for photophysical control and enhanced FRET sensing in an Anti-Brownian ELectrokinetic (ABEL) trap

The Anti-Brownian ELectrokinetic (ABEL) trap uses electrophoresis or electroosmosis to trap fluorescent single molecules in free solution. Several photophysical parameters, such as brightness, lifetime, anisotropy, emission spectrum, can be simultaneously measured with very high precision. Here we demonstrate the added capabilities of the ABEL trap upon modifying the excitation technique. First, we utilize dynamic excitation brightness to observe photophysically induced responses in a trapped light-harvesting protein-pigment complex from cyanobacteria. Second, we trap fluorescently labeled biomolecules using two colors via pulsed interleaved excitation (PIE) to enable acceptor-corrected FRET measurements. These advances in excitation patterning for the ABEL trap allow for novel sensing abilities that combine the benefits of cutting-edge single-molecule imaging and spectroscopy with the long isotropic view of single molecules provided by the ABEL trap.
Single‐domain critical sizes for coercivity and remanence

It is usually assumed that magnetic parameters such as coercivity and saturation remanence are single-domain (SD) over the same size range. In reality, there is a different SD size range for each parameter. We define critical sizes LSDcoerc for coercivity and LSDrem for remanence. In general, LSDcoerc ≤ LSDrem. Up to L = LSDrem, the saturation remanent state is single-domain. If a sufficiently large reverse field is applied, a conventional SD state would reverse by uniform rotation. However, the mode of reversal is nonuniform if the grain size is between LSDcoerc and LSDrem, so in this size range the SD state is less stable. To calculate the critical sizes, we use rigorous nucleation theory and obtain analytical expressions. The analytical form allows us to explore the effect of grain shape, stress, crystallographic orientation and titanium content in titanomagnetites. We adapt the theory to cubic anisotropy with K1 < 0, which allows us to apply the expressions to titanomagnetites. We find that the size range for SD coercivity is always small. The size range for SD remanence can vary enormously depending on the anisotropy. If the easy axes are oriented favorably, the SD state can occur in large x = 0.6 titanomagnetite grains. Ensembles of magnetite grains with aspect ratios greater than 5 have SD-like remanence but low coercivity. However, most synthetic magnetite grains are nearly equant, and the predicted size range for SD remanence is small to nonexistent. This, rather than grain interactions, may be the reason they have properties such as saturation remanence that do not agree well with standard SD theory.