Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quality Characteristics of Cookies Prepared with Oat and Barley Powder

Abstract Physicochemical properties, sensory characteristics, and consumer acceptability of cookies produced with oat and barley powder were evaluated. Oat and barley powder was incorporated into cookie dough at 6 levels: oat : barley = 100:0 (S1), 80:20 (S2), 60:40 (S3), 40:60 (S4), 20:80 (S5), 0:100 (S6) and control. pH of the cookie dough was lowest in the S6 group and highest in the control, S1, S2, and S3 groups. There were no significant differences in density. The spread ratio and loss rate of cookies increased significan tly with an increase in content of barley powder. The leavening rate of the S1 cookie group was the lowest. With regard to color, the a-values and b-values of cookies increased with a rise in content of oat powder, and the L-value increased with an increase in barley powder content. Analysis of cookie texture showed that hardness was highest in the S6 group with barley and lowest in the S1 group, but there was no significant difference between the control group and other experimental groups. In the sensory evaluation of cookies, there was no significant difference between the control and experimental groups in roasted nuttiness and sweetness. In overall acceptance of cookies, S6 was the least acceptable and S1, S2, and S3 were the most acceptable. Results suggest that oat powder is a suitable ingredient for increasing the functionality of cookies and consumer acceptability.
A gaze-based method for relating group involvement to individual engagement in multimodal multiparty dialogue

This paper is concerned with modelling individual engagement and group involvement as well as their relationship in an eight-party, mutimodal corpus. We propose a number of features (presence, entropy, symmetry and maxgaze) that summarise different aspects of eye-gaze patterns and allow us to describe individual as well as group behaviour in time. We use these features to define similarities between the subjects and we compare this information with the engagement rankings the subjects expressed at the end of each interactions about themselves and the other participants. We analyse how these features relate to four classes of group involvement and we build a classifier that is able to distinguish between those classes with 71\% of accuracy.
Aging alters dendritic morphology, input resistance, and inhibitory signaling in dentate granule cells of the rhesus monkey

The neural substrates of age‐related hippocampal dysfunction in primates are poorly understood. This issue was addressed with combined intracellular biocytin filling and whole‐cell patch clamp recordings of intrinsic membrane properties and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in dentate granule cells in in vitro slices prepared from behaviorally characterized young (<11 years old) and aged (>24 years old) rhesus monkeys. Six of nine aged monkeys were significantly impaired in performance on the hippocampally mediated delayed nonmatch to sample (DNMS) task at a 2‐minute delay. Morphometric analyses showed that cells from aged monkeys had significantly reduced vertical dendritic extents and distal dendritic branching but increased proximal dendritic branching. Intrinsic membrane and action potential properties did not differ between cells from young and aged monkeys with the exception of a small but significant increase in input resistance with age. The frequency, amplitude, and rise time of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor‐mediated miniature IPSCs were not significantly different in cells from young vs. aged monkeys. However, the miniature IPSC decay time constant and the benzodiazepine potentiation of this decay time constant were both significantly increased in cells from aged monkeys. These differences in the properties of dentate granule cells correlated positively with age but not specifically with impairment on the DNMS 2‐minute delay task. Nevertheless, these changes in dendritic morphology, input resistance, and inhibitory signaling properties may be part of a constellation of subtle functional changes contributing to age‐associated cognitive impairment. J. Comp. Neurol. 460:573–584, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is male circumcision as good as the HIV vaccine we've been waiting for?

What would the reaction of the international public health community have been if a year ago scientists had announced the discovery of a vaccine or chemical gel that, in three separate clinical trials, had reduced the risk of heterosexual HIV infection in men by at least 60%? Considering that even with increasing access to antiretroviral therapy AIDS continues to be a huge killer – every day over 2,000 men become infected with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa alone [1], which eventually also results in millions of new cases in their partners and children – would not such an announcement have surely sparked a massive surge of excitement and renewed investment in HIV prevention?
Seamless texture map generation from multiple images

This paper presents an algorithm to reduce the appearance of seams in textured 3D models where the texture map is generated from images captured from the scene. Unless images are acquired under ideal diffuse lighting conditions the textured model will exhibit seams between faces due to image illumination variations. The algorithm minimises the perceptual variation of the colour at each vertex of the 3D mesh in a global optimisation. This optimisation gives rise to a large sparse linear system. The algorithm is used to generate a small beach scene model and shows a significant improvement in the qualitative appearance of the model.
CLENCH: a program for calculating Cluster ENriCHment using the Gene Ontology

SUMMARY Analysis of microarray data most often produces lists of genes with similar expression patterns, which are then subdivided into functional categories for biological interpretation. Such functional categorization is most commonly accomplished using Gene Ontology (GO) categories. Although there are several programs that identify and analyze functional categories for human, mouse and yeast genes, none of them accept Arabidopsis thaliana data. In order to address this need for A.thaliana community, we have developed a program that retrieves GO annotations for A.thaliana genes and performs functional category analysis for lists of genes selected by the user. AVAILABILITY http://www.personal. psu.edu/nhs109/Clench
Geodesic currents and length compactness for automorphisms of free groups

We prove a compactness theorem for automorphisms of free groups. Namely, we show that the set of automorphisms keeping the length of the uniform current bounded is compact (up to conjugation). This implies that the spectrum of the length of the images of the uniform current is discrete, proving a conjecture of I. Kapovich.
Simplified Extended Kalman Filter Observer for SOC Estimation of Commercial Power-Oriented LFP Lithium Battery Cells

The lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cell chemistry is finding wide acceptance for energy storage on-board hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs), due to its high intrinsic safety, fast charging, and long cycle life. However, three main challenges need to be addressed for the accurate estimation of their state of charge (SOC) at runtime:  Long voltage relaxation time to reach its open circuit voltage (OCV) after a current pulse  Time-, temperature- and SOC-dependent hysteresis  Very flat OCV-SOC curve for most of the SOC range In view of these problems, traditional SOC estimation techniques such as coulomb counting with error correction using the SOC-OCV correlation curve are not suitable for this chemistry. This work addressed these challenges with a novel combination of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm, a two-RC-block equivalent circuit and the traditional coulomb counting method. The simplified implementation of the EKF algorithm offers a computationally efficient option for runtime SOC evaluation on-board vehicles. The SOC estimation was validated with experimental data of a current profile contaminated with pseudo-random noise and with an offset in the initial condition. The model rapidly converged to within 4% of the true SOC even with imposed errors of 40% to initial SOC, 24% to current measurement and 6% to voltage measurement.
Depression, Heart Rate Variability, and Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background—Clinical depression is associated with an increased risk for mortality in patients with a recent myocardial infarction (MI). Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) has been suggested as a possible explanation for this association. The purpose of this study was to determine if depression is associated with reduced HRV in patients with a recent MI. Methods and Results—Three hundred eighty acute MI patients with depression and 424 acute MI patients without depression were recruited. All underwent 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring after hospital discharge. In univariate analyses, 4 indices of HRV were significantly lower in patients with depression than in patients without depression. Variables associated with HRV were then compared between patients with and without depression, and potential confounds were identified. These variables (age, sex, diabetes, and present cigarette smoking) were entered into an analysis of covariance model, followed by depression status. In the final model, all but one HRV index (high-frequency power) remained significantly lower in patients with depression than in patients without depression. Conclusions—We conclude that greater autonomic dysfunction, as reflected by decreased HRV, is a plausible mechanism linking depression to increased cardiac mortality in post-MI patients.
Adaptive Control of Electrostatic Microactuators With Bidirectional Drive

In this paper, adaptive control is presented for a class of single-degree-of-freedom (1DOF) electrostatic microactuator systems which can be actively driven bidirectionally. The control objective is to track a reference trajectory within the air gap without knowledge of the plant parameters. Both full-state feedback and output feedback schemes are developed, the latter being motivated by practical difficulties in measuring velocity of the moving plate. For the full-state feedback scheme, the system is transformed to the parametric strict feedback form, for which adaptive backstepping is performed to achieve asymptotic output tracking. Analogously, the output feedback design involved transformation to the parametric output feedback form, followed by the use of adaptive observer backstepping to achieve asymptotic output tracking. To prevent contact between the movable and fixed electrodes, special barrier functions are employed in Lyapunov synthesis. All closed-loop signals are ensured to be bounded. Extensive simulation studies illustrate the performance of the proposed control.
Resource-aware task allocation and scheduling for segbus platform

In this work, we propose an integrated task allocation and scheduling mechanism to minimize the resource contention and the processing latency for application running on the SegBus platform. The transactions are classified as local and cross border SPLIT transactions. The hybrid scheduling approach implemented by hierarchal arbiter code structure shows significant improvement in system performance. The interrupt scheduling has been implemented to further enhance system performance. A H.264 video encoder application has been used to verify the proposed technique, showing a large improvement in system throughput.
Cell Wall Attachment of a Widely Distributed Peptidoglycan Binding Domain Is Hindered by Cell Wall Constituents*

The C-terminal region (cA) of the major autolysin AcmA of Lactococcus lactis contains three highly similar repeated regions of 45 amino acid residues (LysM domains), which are separated by nonhomologous sequences. The cA domain could be deleted without destroying the cell wall-hydrolyzing activity of the enzyme in vitro. This AcmA derivative was capable neither of binding to lactococcal cells nor of lysing these cells while separation of the producer cells was incomplete. The cA domain and a chimeric protein consisting of cA fused to the C terminus of MSA2, a malaria parasite surface antigen, bound to lactococcal cells specifically via cA. The fusion protein also bound to many other Gram-positive bacteria. By chemical treatment of purified cell walls of L. lactis and Bacillus subtilis, peptidoglycan was identified as the cell wall component interacting with cA. Immunofluorescence studies showed that binding is on specific locations on the surface of L. lactis, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus thermophilus, B. subtilis, Lactobacillus sake, and Lactobacillus casei cells. Based on these studies, we propose that LysM-type repeats bind to peptidoglycan and that binding is hindered by other cell wall constituents, resulting in localized binding of AcmA. Lipoteichoic acid is a candidate hindering component. For L. lactis SK110, it is shown that lipoteichoic acids are not uniformly distributed over the cell surface and are mainly present at sites where no MSA2cA binding is observed.
Long Term Potentiation , Navigation & Dynamic Progamming

Blum andAbbott (1995) recently proposed an algorithm for learned navigation that is based on Hebbian changes to adaptive connections between place cells in the hippocampus. This paper suggests using a temporal difference rule (Sutton, 1988) for synaptic plasticity instead, and shows how this alters the resulting behaviour. It also recasts the problem of navigation into the reinforcement learning context of adaptive optimising control, and shows how to learn new trajectories that are not based only on averaging old ones. Preference: Oral Category: Theory and Analysis; Learning and Memory
Cost and Benefits of Lizard Thermoregulation

Lizards thermoregulate by behavioral and physiological adjustments. The resultant control over metabolic processes is generally assumed to be beneficial. However, these thermoregulatory adjustments have associated costs which, if extensive, make thermoregulation impractical. We extend this idea into an abstract mathematical, cost-benefit model of thermoregulation in lizards. Investigation of the model leads to a set of predictions which includes: (1) the physiologically optimal temperature is not always the ecologically optimal temperature; (2) thermoregulation is beneficial only when associated costs are low; (3) thermal specialists will normally thermoregulated more carefully than thermal generalists unless costs are high; and (4) lizards will thermoregulate more carefully if productivity of the habitat is increased or if exploitation competition is reduced. Data on lizards, where available, generally agree with these predictions.
Has the increase in the prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms reached a plateau in Stockholm, Sweden?

SETTING An increase in the prevalence of asthma has previously been reported worldwide. However, the current trend is debatable. OBJECTIVE To assess changes in the prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms in a defined study area in Stockholm, Sweden, using identical methods. DESIGN A questionnaire was sent by mail in 1996 and 2007 to randomly selected subjects aged 20-69 years. On both occasions, 8000 subjects received the questionnaire, with response rates of 72% and 68%, respectively. Questions on asthma, respiratory symptoms, asthma medication and possible determinants were included. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess determinants. RESULTS Ever asthma increased from 8.7% in 1996 to 11.0% in 2007 and physician-diagnosed asthma from 7.6% to 9.3%. The proportion of asthma patients reporting one to two symptoms increased by 14% during the study period. There were few significant changes in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms: wheeze in the previous 12 months (15.9-17.3%), wheezing with breathlessness apart from cold (3.2-4.1%) and recurrent wheeze (8.3-6.8%). There was no major difference in the risk factor pattern between the surveys. CONCLUSION An increase in the prevalence of asthma with few symptoms as well as an unchanged prevalence of symptoms was demonstrated, which may indicate a change in diagnostic practices.
Pharmacokinetics of Hyperthermic Intrathoracic Chemotherapy following Pleurectomy and Decortication

In patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei or peritoneal mesothelioma, direct extension of disease through the hemidiaphragm may result in an isolated progression of tumor within the pleural space. We monitored the intrapleural and plasma levels of mitomycin C and doxorubicin by HPLC assay in order to determine the pharmacokinetic behavior of this intracavitary use of chemotherapy. Our results showed a persistent high concentration of intrapleural drug as compared to plasma concentrations. The increased exposure for mitomycin C was 96, and the increased exposure for doxorubicin was 241. When the clearance of chemotherapy from the thoracic cavity was compared to clearance from the abdomen and pelvis, there was a considerably more rapid clearance from the abdomen as compared to the thorax. The pharmacologic study of intrapleural chemotherapy in these patients provides a strong pharmacologic rationale for regional chemotherapy in this group of patients.
Finite Element Modeling of Superplastic Sheet Metal Forming for Cavity Sensitive Materials

In this paper, a constitutive equation for superplasticity, which is based on the microstructural mechanism of superplastic deformation taking into account the effects of deformation damage, is incorporated into the finite element method to simulate the superplastic forming process. The effects of strain rate sensitivity, cavity growth and imposed hydrostatic pressure on the strain limit are studied. The predicted results are validated through the comparison with the existing experimental data. It is found that the present model produces accurate results in all cases.
Transcriptional Regulation of the Tissue Factor Gene in Human Epithelial Cells Is Mediated by Sp1 and EGR-1 (*)

Tissue factor (TF) gene expression is rapidly induced in epithelial cells by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and serum. We have shown that this induction is mediated by a novel serum response region (SRR) (−111 to +14 bp) within the human TF promoter. In this study, we characterized cis-acting genetic elements within the SRR that regulated basal and inducible expression of the TF gene in HeLa cells. Gel mobility shift assays using oligonucleotides spanning the entire SRR identified three 12-base pair (bp) motifs within subregions 1, 2, and 3 that bound constitutively expressed Sp1 and inducibly expressed EGR-1. Analysis of protein binding to these 12-bp motifs by competition with Sp1 and EGR-1 sites, mutation, and antibody supershift experiments indicated that they each contained distinct EGR-1 and Sp1 sites that overlapped by 6 bp. Functional studies using HeLa cells transfected with plasmids containing the wild-type TF promoter (−111 to +14 bp) or derivatives containing mutations in the three Sp1 and/or EGR-1 sites examined basal and inducible expression. The Sp1 sites mediated basal promoter activity, and both Sp1 and EGR-1 sites were required for maximal induction of the TF promoter by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or serum. These data indicated that TF gene expression in HeLa cells was regulated by both Sp1 and EGR-1.
Generating Interpretable Hypotheses Based on Syllogistic Patterns

The ever-growing literature in biomedicine makes it virtually impossible for individuals to grasp all the information relevant to their interests. Since even experts' knowledge is likely to be incomplete, important associations among key biomedical concepts may remain unnoticed in the flood of information. Discovering those implicit, hidden knowledge is called hypothesis discovery. This paper reports our preliminary work on hypothesis discovery, which takes advantage of a syllogistic chain of relations extracted from existing knowledge (i.e., published literature). We consider such chains of relations as implicit patterns or rules to generate potential hypotheses. The generated hypotheses are then ranked according to their plausibility judged from the reliability of the rule which generated the hypothesis and the analogical resemblance between new and existing knowledge. We discuss the validity of the proposed approach on the entire Medline database.
Anthropogenic impacts drive niche and conservation metrics of a cryptic rattlesnake on the Colorado Plateau of western North America

Ecosystems transition quickly in the Anthropocene, whereas biodiversity adapts more slowly. Here we simulated a shifting woodland ecosystem on the Colorado Plateau of western North America by using as its proxy over space and time the fundamental niche of the Arizona black rattlesnake (Crotalus cerberus). We found an expansive (= end-of-Pleistocene) range that contracted sharply (= present), but is blocked topographically by Grand Canyon/Colorado River as it shifts predictably northwestward under moderate climate change (= 2080). Vulnerability to contemporary wildfire was quantified from available records, with forested area reduced more than 27% over 13 years. Both ‘ecosystem metrics' underscore how climate and wildfire are rapidly converting the Plateau ecosystem into novel habitat. To gauge potential effects on C. cerberus, we derived a series of relevant ‘conservation metrics' (i.e. genetic variability, dispersal capacity, effective population size) by sequencing 118 individuals across 846 bp of mitochondrial (mt)DNA-ATPase8/6. We identified five significantly different clades (net sequence divergence = 2.2%) isolated by drainage/topography, with low dispersal (FST = 0.82) and small sizes (2Nef = 5.2). Our compiled metrics (i.e. small-populations, topographic-isolation, low-dispersal versus conserved-niche, vulnerable-ecosystem, dispersal barriers) underscore the susceptibility of this woodland specialist to a climate and wildfire tandem. We offer adaptive management scenarios that may counterbalance these metrics and avoid the extirpation of this and other highly specialized, relictual woodland clades.