Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust Disturbance Attenuation Control for Wheeled Mobile Robot with Saturation via Uncertain T-S Fuzzy Model

In this paper, a robust disturbance attenuation control scheme for Wheeled Moving Robot (WMR) with actuator saturations is proposed. First, tracking error dynamics of WMR considering disturbances is represented by uncertain Tagaki-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model, where varying velocity in desired trajectory is look as uncertain parameter. Then a constrained robust ℋ∞ controller in the form of state feedback is derived for each subsystem by solving LMI based semidefinite programming problems. Finally, The overall controller then is constructed in the framework of PDC and the Lyapunov stability of the closed-loop system is tested finally. Simulation results are given and discussed to validate the proposed scheme.
Retrograde Percutaneous Recanalization of Chronic Total Occlusion of the Coronary Arteries: Procedural Outcomes and Predictors of Success in Contemporary Practice

Background—Retrograde approach through collaterals has been introduced for percutaneous recanalization of chronic total occlusion (CTO) of the coronary arteries. We investigated the safety and efficacy of retrograde approaches used for percutaneous recanalization of CTO in a consecutive series of patients. Methods and Results—We studied 157 consecutive patients who underwent retrograde CTO recanalization between 2003 and 2008 at a single center. A total of 118 (75.2%) of these patients have had previously failed antegrade attempts. Septal, epicardial, and saphenous vein graft collaterals were used in 67.5%, 24.8%, and 7.6% of cases, respectively. Collateral channel was crossed by guide wire successfully in 115 (73.2%) cases, and the procedure was successful by retrograde approach in 103 (65.6%) cases. Collateral channels (CCs) were graded as follows: CC0, no continuous connection; CC1, continuous thread-like connection; and CC2, continuous, small sidebranch-like connection. CC1, collateral tortuosity <90°, and angle with recipient vessel <90° (P<0.0001) were significant predictors of success. Epicardial channel use (P=0.01), CC0, corkscrew channel (P<0.0001), angle with recipient vessel >90° (P=0.0007), and nonvisibility of connection with recipient vessel were found to be significant predictors of procedural failure. The CC dissection was observed in 6 patients, with 1 needing coil embolization and others who were managed conservatively. The major adverse cardiac events were low, with 1 coronary artery bypass graft, 1 Q-wave myocardial infarction, 5 non–Q-wave myocardial infarctions, and no deaths in this group of patients. Conclusions—The retrograde approach in CTO percutaneous coronary intervention is effective in recanalizing CTO. The success rate by retrograde approach was 65.6%, and final success was 85% in this group with acceptable overall adverse events. We have identified predictors of failure related to collateral morphology.
Reconstructing gene regulation networks from passive observations and active interventions

A Bayesian network is a graph-based representation of a joint probability distribution that captures properties of conditional independence between variables. This representation consists of two components. The first component is a directed acyclic graph (DAG), where the nodes represent genes and arrows between nodes indicate that one gene directly regulates the expression of another gene. The second component describes a conditional distribution for each node given its parents in the graph. Basically, there are two possible ways to recover the structure of a bayesian network: either passively observing the underlying network or actively perturbing it and analyzing the effects of setting some nodes to fixed values by human intervention. For both approaches biological data is easily obtainable. Microarray experiments provide a snapshot of the activity of several thousands genes simultaneously. Gene perturbation as a method to identify regulation pathways has a long tradition in biology; evaluating the effects of interventions in knock-out or RNAi experiments is by now a standard procedure. The methods to build Bayesian networks from observational data can be divided into two classes: methods that use a scoring function to evaluate how well the network matches the data [1, 2], and methods that perform tests for conditional independence on the observations [4, 5]. The biological interpretation of the graphs produced by these methods is hindered by the fact that the representation of a joint distribution in a bayesian network is not unique. Many different networks with ambiguous edges can represent the same joint distribution. They indicate totally different gene regulation pathways but are statistically equivalent: Even with infinitely many data we can not decide between them. Learning an equivalence class of networks is how far we get by only depending on passive observations. To further resolve the structure we need information about the effect of interventions. This determines the directions of the edges between the perturbed node and its neighbors [6].
TEX Surface Classification Using Conformal Structures

3D surface classification is a fundamental problem in computer vision and computational geometry. Surfaces can be classified by different transformation groups. Traditional classification methods mainly use topological transformation groups and Euclidean transformation groups. This paper introduces a novel method to classify surfaces by conformal transformation groups. Conformal equivalent class is refiner than topological equivalent class and coarser than isometric equivalent class, making it suitable for practical classification purposes. For general surfaces, the gradient fields of conformal maps form a vector space, which has a natural structure invariant under conformal transformations. We present an algorithm to compute this conformal structure, which can be represented as matrices, and use it to classify surfaces. The result is intrinsic to the geometry, invariant to triangulation and insensitive to resolution. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to classify surfaces with arbitrary topologies by global conformal invariants. The method introduced here can also be used for surface matching problems.
Using Genome Query Language ( GQL ) to uncover genetic variation

Motivation:With high throughput DNA sequencing costs dropping below $1, 000 for human genomes, data storage, retrieval, and analysis are the major bottlenecks in biological studies. In order to address the large-data challenges, we advocate a clean separation between the evidence collection and the inference in variant calling. We define and implement a Genome Query Language (GQL) that allows for the rapid collection of evidence needed for calling variants. Results: We provide a number of cases to showcase the use of GQL for complex evidence collection, such as the evidence for large structural variations. Specifically, typical GQL queries can be written in 5-10 lines of high level code, and search large data sets (100GB) in minutes. We also demonstrate its complementarity with other variant calling tools. Popular variant calling tools can achieve one order of magnitude speed-up by using GQL to retrieve evidence. Finally, we show how GQL can be used to query and compare multiple data-sets. By separating the evidence and inference for variant calling, it frees all variant detection tools from the data intensive evidence collection, and focus on statistical inference. Availability: GQL can be downloaded from http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/∼ckozanit/gql. Contact: ckozanit@ucsd.edu
Introducing testing practices into objects and design course

Though software testing courses are commonly taught as part of software engineering curricula, software testing is still a challenging issue in software engineering education. Students frequently see testing only as something that happens at the end of the development process. Two challenges can be recognized: "how to make the students recognize the relevance of the testing activity? " and "how to motivate the students on using testing ideas in their projects? ". In an attempt to explore the impact of introducing testing practices throughout development, during the past Fall semester we modified the project requirements in a course on object-oriented analysis and design offered to the undergraduate students in computer science at Georgia Institute of Technology. Our idea was to require the students to start thinking about testing as early as possible, by including testing-related practices in all phases of the development process. This paper presents the details of the testing approach used in the course and discusses the results we obtained, in terms of the students' attitudes and learning.
The “ E-Literature ” : A Framework for Understanding the Accumulated Knowledge about Internet Marketing

The marketing discipline has been exposed to various changes and strong challenges with the introduction and diffusion of the Internet phenomenon into the business arena. Ever since this new multimedia environment of exchange emerged, many studies have been conducted about how it will affect the nature and future of marketing activities. This study is an attempt to organize and summarize the literature about Internet marketing and enlighten the research routes that will contribute to the advancement of the discipline. The study has a macro perspective and provides a bird’s eye view of the Internet marketing literature. First, the general impact of technological advancements on the marketing discipline is analyzed. This discussion is extended with an examination of the studies that compare conventional marketing practices with the principles and rules of the e-marketing world. A deeper understanding is developed by reviewing the inventory of studies handling the four major components of the traditional marketing mix in an online context. In order to capture a full understanding of the online marketing environment, studies approaching various topics about Internet marketing from the perspective of two major players in the field are examined. One group displays the consumer perspective and includes many valuable studies about individuals’ buying behavior. On the complementary side, the business perspective has also been investigated so that the discussions about the current state of online marketing are not limited to a consumer-oriented approach. Finally, studies about popular fields of e-marketing research are investigated under the title of current issues in Internet marketing. These include ethical issues, privacy and security concerns, online marketing research, e-CRM, the competitive environment on the Internet and the anti-socializing impact of the online shopping environment. This review serves two purposes. It identifies the major scope and content of the studies about Internet marketing and displays the current state of the discipline. It also enlightens the main avenues or niche routes for future research by clarifying underinvestigated or unsettled areas. The framework of this literature review can serve as a skeleton explaining the accumulated state of knowledge about Internet marketing and can be a useful starting point for studies aiming to expand the views about this area further.
High-to-Low CO2 Acclimation Reveals Plasticity of the Photorespiratory Pathway and Indicates Regulatory Links to Cellular Metabolism of Arabidopsis

Background Photorespiratory carbon metabolism was long considered as an essentially closed and nonregulated pathway with little interaction to other metabolic routes except nitrogen metabolism and respiration. Most mutants of this pathway cannot survive in ambient air and require CO2-enriched air for normal growth. Several studies indicate that this CO2 requirement is very different for individual mutants, suggesting a higher plasticity and more interaction of photorespiratory metabolism as generally thought. To understand this better, we examined a variety of high- and low-level parameters at 1% CO2 and their alteration during acclimation of wild-type plants and selected photorespiratory mutants to ambient air. Methodology and Principal Findings The wild type and four photorespiratory mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) were grown to a defined stadium at 1% CO2 and then transferred to normal air (0.038% CO2). All other conditions remained unchanged. This approach allowed unbiased side-by-side monitoring of acclimation processes on several levels. For all lines, diel (24 h) leaf growth, photosynthetic gas exchange, and PSII fluorescence were monitored. Metabolite profiling was performed for the wild type and two mutants. During acclimation, considerable variation between the individual genotypes was detected in many of the examined parameters, which correlated with the position of the impaired reaction in the photorespiratory pathway. Conclusions Photorespiratory carbon metabolism does not operate as a fully closed pathway. Acclimation from high to low CO2 was typically steady and consistent for a number of features over several days, but we also found unexpected short-term events, such as an intermittent very massive rise of glycine levels after transition of one particular mutant to ambient air. We conclude that photorespiration is possibly exposed to redox regulation beyond known substrate-level effects. Additionally, our data support the view that 2-phosphoglycolate could be a key regulator of photosynthetic-photorespiratory metabolism as a whole.
An Experimental Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Efficiency of the Test Driven Development

Test driven development (TDD) is an approach for developing programs incrementally by first writing tests and then writing enough code to satisfy them. Though there have been some experiments for evaluating TDD on smaller scope, its impact on a larger scope of program development activities needs to be investigated. In this work, we evaluate the impact of TDD on various program development activities like designing, coding, and testing, through a controlled experiment where we compare it with the conventional way of developing the code. In a single-factor block design, two groups of students developed two moderately sized programs following the two development-styles under study. Our results suggest that TDD helps in reducing overall development effort and improving developer's productivity whereas the code quality seems to be affected by the actual testing efforts applied during a development-style.
Human Leukocyte Antigen B58 Supertype and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection in Native Africans

ABSTRACT Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles can be grouped into supertypes according to their shared peptide binding properties. We examined alleles of the HLA-B58 supertype (B58s) in treatment-naïve human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive Africans (423 Zambians and 202 Rwandans). HLA-B and HLA-C alleles were resolved to four digits by a combination of molecular methods, and their respective associations with outcomes of HIV-1 infection were analyzed by statistical procedures appropriate for continuous or categorical data. The effects of the individual alleles on natural HIV-1 infection were heterogeneous. In HIV-1 subtype C-infected Zambians, the mean viral load (VL) was lower among B*5703 (P = 0.01) or B*5703-Cw*18 (P < 0.001) haplotype carriers and higher among B*5802 (P = 0.02) or B*5802-Cw*0602 (P = 0.03) carriers. The B*5801-Cw*03 haplotype showed an association with low VL (P = 0.05), whereas B*5801 as a whole did not. Rwandans with HIV-1 subtype A infection showed associations of B*5703 and B*5802 with slow (P = 0.06) and rapid (P = 0.003) disease progression, respectively. In neither population were B*1516-B*1517 alleles associated with more favorable responses. Overall, B58s alleles, individually or as part of an HLA-B-HLA-C haplotype, appeared to have a distinctive impact on HIV-1 infection among native Africans. As presently defined, B58s alleles cannot be considered uniformly protective against HIV/AIDS in every population.
Ubiquity and Other Elements : User Challenges , the Value Chain and Business Opportunities in the Future Ambient Intelligence World

The objective of the Eurescom project PROFIT (Potential pRofit Opportunities in the Future ambient InTelligence world) was to explore the potential socio-economic impact of Ambient Intelligence. This paper reports firstly on qualitative fieldwork in the UK, Norway, Finland and Hungary, concerning work/ home boundaries and user perceptions of a future Ambient Intelligence environment. Findings reveal concerns about non-independence, loss of control, security, privacy, and system failures, and the unwanted breaking of boundaries by ubiquitous devices. Secondly, the paper reflects on the new business perspectives that may arise both in response to customer needs and as a result of the introduction of AmI into the Information society; and examines emerging business models, value chains and key regulatory concerns. The project ultimately produced a new, grounded scenario and recommended actions for the telecommunications industry, regulators and governments in order for them to develop the opportunities and understand the challenges of AmI.
Combined mechanical and circuit nonlinearities in electrostatic vibration energy harvesters

The aim of this paper is to study an electrostatic vibration energy harvester that utilises a nonlinear resonator. A vibration energy harvester represents a system where a mechanical resonator driven by ambient vibrations is coupled with a conditioning electronic circuit, which acts as a damper and converts mechanical energy into electrical. If a nonlinear resonator is embedded into the conditioning circuit, nonlinearity will appear from both mechanical and circuit components of the system. We expand the analytical approach that we developed in our previous works to the case of combined mechanical and circuit nonlinearities. This allow us to analyze steady-state behavior and compare it with the linear case. In addition, we discuss a specific nonlinear phenomena that is introduced by the discontinuity of the system - the sliding bifurcation. We show that the onset of steady-state quasi-harmonic oscillations occur through the disappearance of sliding motion.
Building Adaptive Information Presentations from Existing Information Repositories

1 Abstract In this paper we disc uss issues that emerge in the attempt to integrate effectively techniques coming from Adaptive Hypermedia (AH) and Natural Language Generation (NLG) in order to reuse existing information to compose intelligent information presentations. In the solution we propose, NLG allows the generation of the most dynamic parts of the presentation i.e., with the selection of the most appropriate content and linguistic realization with respect to the current discourse context and user model; the introduction of sentences comparing different objects the user has seen; the suggestion of other interesting related objects. The AH machinery allows to enrich the content and the phrasing, still allowing for personalization.
Exponential Time/Space Speedups for Resolution and the PSPACE-completeness of Black-White Pebbling

The complexity of the Black-White Pebbling Game has remained open for 30 years. It was devised to capture the power of non-deterministic space bounded computation. Since then it has been applied to problems in diverse areas of computer science including VLSI design and more recently propositional proof complexity. In this paper we show that the Black-While Pebbling Game is PSPACE-complete. We then use similar ideas in a more complicated reduction to prove the PSPACE-completeness of Resolution space. The reduction also yields a surprising exponential time/space speedup for Resolution in which an increase of 3 units of space results in an exponential decrease in proof-size.
Expected, sensed, and desired: A framework for designing sensing-based interaction

Movements of interfaces can be analyzed in terms of whether they are expected, sensed, and desired. Expected movements are those that users naturally perform; sensed are those that can be measured by a computer; and desired movements are those that are required by a given application. We show how a systematic comparison of expected, sensed, and desired movements, especially with regard to how they do not precisely overlap, can reveal potential problems with an interface and also inspire new features. We describe how this approach has been applied to the design of three interfaces: pointing flashlights at walls and posters in order to play sounds; the Augurscope II, a mobile augmented reality interface for outdoors; and the Drift Table, an item of furniture that uses load sensing to control the display of aerial photographs. We propose that this approach can help to build a bridge between the analytic and inspirational approaches to design and can help designers meet the challenges raised by a diversification of sensing technologies and interface forms, increased mobility, and an emerging focus on technologies for everyday life.
Convergent models of handedness and brain lateralization

The pervasive nature of handedness across human history and cultures is a salient consequence of brain lateralization. This paper presents evidence that provides a structure for understanding the motor control processes that give rise to handedness. According to the Dynamic Dominance Model, the left hemisphere (in right handers) is proficient for processes that predict the effects of body and environmental dynamics, while the right hemisphere is proficient at impedance control processes that can minimize potential errors when faced with unexpected mechanical conditions, and can achieve accurate steady-state positions. This model can be viewed as a motor component for the paradigm of brain lateralization that has been proposed by Rogers et al. (MacNeilage et al., 2009) that is based upon evidence from a wide range of behaviors across many vertebrate species. Rogers proposed a left-hemisphere specialization for well-established patterns of behavior performed in familiar environmental conditions, and a right hemisphere specialization for responding to unforeseen environmental events. The dynamic dominance hypothesis provides a framework for understanding the biology of motor lateralization that is consistent with Roger's paradigm of brain lateralization.
Marine literature categorization based on minimizing the labelled data

In marine literature categorization, supervised machine learning method will take a lot of time for labelling the samples by hand. So we utilize Co-training method to decrease the quantities of labelled samples needed for training the classifier. In this paper, we only select features from the text details and add attribute labels to them. It can greatly boost the efficiency of text processing. For building up two views, we split features into two parts, each of which can form an independent view. One view is made up of the feature set of abstract, and the other is made up of the feature sets of title, keywords, creator and department. In experiments, the F1 value and error rate of the categorization system could reach about 0.863 and 14.26%. They are close to the performance of supervised classifier (0.902 and 9.13%), which is trained by more than 1500 labelled samples, however, the labelled samples used by Co-training categorization method to train the original classifier are only one positive sample and one negative sample. In addition we consider joining the idea of the active-learning in Co-training method.
Spontaneous remission in three cases of AML M5 with NPM1 mutation

Patients with NPM1‐mutated AML M5 who develop spontaneous remission (SR) after antibiotic therapy at diagnosis seem to form a favorable prognosis and chemo sensitive subtype. We report three cases of AML M5 patients with the same genotype that experienced transient SR and are now leukemia free after standard treatment.