Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A physiological basis to crop improvement and agronomic development

Approaches based on physiological understanding of yield are necessary for developing genotypes combining high yielding potential and agronomic traits of superior adaptation, and for understanding yield limiting factors. Physiological processes underlie the phenotype and yield observed in crops; plants respond to environmental and physiological stimuli through morphological, physiological, and metabolic modification occurring in all plant organs. Yet, direct measurement of a particular physiological variable is often difficult. This study was set to develop a proxy-based approach to wheat selection. After conceptualizing a theoretical framework of links between the traits of photosynthesis, water relations, leaf morphology and anatomy, and their likely proxies; a comparative screening of 23 Eps wheat cultivars was conducted in field by means of photosynthetic gas exchange measurement, followed by isotopic measurements (Δ 13 C, δ 15 N, δ 18 O) in the leaf matter, and morphological and anatomical measurement (SLA, IVD, SD). Having ranked a number of traits according to their likely association with particular proxy, the results showed that photosynthetic rate and WUE were statistically significantly (p<.01) associated with SLA, and IVD. Based on these results, the study concluded that SLA would be a potential proxy of both Amax and WUE in wheat, and surrogate measure of Δ 13 C, and that IVD could be proxy of leaf RWC and Amax.
Access Control to Information in Pervasive Computing Environments

Many types of information available in a pervasive computing environment, such as people location information, should be accessible only by a limited set of people. Some properties of the information raise unique challenges for the design of an access control mechanism: Information can emanate from more than one source, it might change its nature or granularity before reaching its final receiver, and it can flow through nodes administrated by different entities. We propose three design principles for the architecture of an access control mechanism: (1) extract pieces of information in raw data streams early, (2) define policies controlling access at the information level, and (3) exploit information relationships for access control. We describe an example architecture in which we apply these principles. We also report how our earlier work about adding access control to a people location service contributed to the more general access control architecture proposed here.
A low noise stable radiometer front-end for passive microwave tissue thermometry

ABSTRACT A low noise, high gain, stable radiometer front-end is presented for non-invasive tissue thermometry using custom designed narrow band low noise amplifiers (LNAs) and band pass filter (BPF) with 1.3 GHz centre frequency and − 20 dB pass band of 332 MHz. The fabricated LNAs have >15 dB gain, unconditional gain stability and noise figure (NF) < 1.45 dB in the pass band. The maximum insertion loss of the BPF is <1 dB over 1.2–1.4 GHz with 50 dB suppression in the surrounding communication bands. The cascaded radiometer front-end has measured gain of 45–50 dB, NF < 1.75 dB in the pass band and > 30 dB suppression in the adjacent personal communication bands. The Allan deviation of the total power radiometer indicates long term system stability and presence of Gaussian thermal noise for integration time, . Radiometer measurements of a matched load at room temperature for indicate acceptably low influence of external electromagnetic interference (EMI) and system noise equivalent temperature of 145 K. The brightness temperature measured by the total power radiometer using a resonant slot antenna demonstrates the ability to detect a 0.3°C change in the test load temperature with better than 0.1°C accuracy.
Sedation, analgesia, and neuromuscular blockade in the pediatric intensive care unit: Survey of fellowship training programs*

Objective: To survey current sedation, analgesia, and neuromuscular blockade practices in pediatric critical care fellowship training programs in the United States. Design: Questionnaire survey sent by E-mail to all program directors. The survey could be submitted either via a Web site, fax, or mail. Setting: University school of medicine. Subjects: Fifty-nine pediatric critical care fellowship training program directors in the United States, listed on the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Web site. Interventions: Survey. Measurements and Main Results: The response rate was 59.3% (35 questionnaires). Midazolam, lorazepam, morphine, and fentanyl are the most frequently used drugs in pediatric intensive care units for analgesia and sedation. Most pediatric intensive care units surveyed have a written sedation policy (66%). The majority of units responding to the survey (85.7%) routinely use a scoring system to assess agitation and pain in children, with the most common being the COMFORT score. All of the pediatric intensive care units surveyed reported weaning drugs slowly to try to prevent drug withdrawal. Movement disorders related to prolonged sedation and analgesia seem to be more common than is reported in the literature, with 65.7% of units reporting cases. There is good consensus on the indications for neuromuscular blockade, with vecuronium being the most popular drug. Conclusions: When compared with a similar survey from 1989, this survey suggests that pediatric critical care units with fellowship training programs have made some changes in their approach to sedation and analgesia over the past decade. More fellowship directors report the use of sedation protocols and better recognition, prevention, and management of drug withdrawal. Similar analgesic, sedative, and neuromuscular blocking drugs are being used but some more commonly than a decade ago.
Which mechanisms explain motivation of primary health workers? Insights from realist evaluation of a maternal and child health programme in Nigeria

Background: Well-trained, adequately skilled and motivated primary healthcare (PHC) workers are essential for attaining universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goal 3 of ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all. While there is abundant literature on drivers of workforce motivation, published knowledge on the mechanisms of how motivation works within different contexts is limited, particularly from low- and middle-income countries. This paper contributes to health workforce literature by reporting on how motivation works among PHC workers in a maternal and child health (MCH) programme in Nigeria. Methods: We adopted a realist evaluation design including scoping review of literature, document review of policies and MCH programme handbook, and in-depth interviews of PHC workers (n=25), facility managers (n=16), policymakers (n=12) and programme managers (n=10) to assess the impact of the MCH programme in Anambra State, Nigeria. A realist process of theory development, testing, verification and consolidation was used to understand how and under what circumstances the MCH programme impacted on workers’ motivation and which mechanisms helped explain how motivation works. The developed programme theory drew upon Herzberg’s two-factor and Adam’s equity theories to unpack the influences of contextual conditions on worker motivation. Results: A complex and dynamic interaction between the MCH programme and organizational, societal and policy contexts triggered five mechanisms which explain PHC worker motivation: i) feeling supported, ii) feeling valued and committed to work, iii) morale and confidence to perform tasks, iv) companionship and v) feeling comfortable with work environment. Some mechanisms were mutually reinforcing while others operated in parallel. Further analysis showed that the conditions that enabled worker motivation to occur were organisational values of fairness, recognition of health workers’ contributions and a culture of task-sharing and teamwork. Conclusions: Policy designs and management strategies for improving performance of health workers, particularly in resource-constrained settings should create working environments that foster feelings of being valued and supported while enabling workers to apply their knowledge and skills to improve healthcare delivery. Future research can test the explanatory framework generated by this study and explore differences in motivational mechanisms among different cadres of PHC workers to inform cadre-related motivational interventions.
The Genome of the Western Clawed Frog Xenopus tropicalis

The Genome of the Western Clawed Frog Xenopus tropicalis Uffe Hellsten, 1 Richard M. Harland, 2 Michael J. Gilchrist, 3 David Hendrix, 2 Jerzy Jurka, 4 Vladimir Kapitonov, 4 Ivan Ovcharenko, 5 Nicholas H. Putnam, 6 Shengqiang Shu, 1 Leila Taher, 5 Ira L. Blitz, 7 Bruce Blumberg, 7 Darwin S. Dichmann, 2 Inna Dubchak, 1 Enrique Amaya, 8 John C. Detter, 9 Russell Fletcher, 2 Daniela S. Gerhard, 10 David Goodstein, 1 Tina Graves, 11 Igor V. Grigoriev, 1 Jane Grimwood, 1,12 Takeshi Kawashima, 2,13 Erika Lindquist, 1 Susan M. Lucas, 1 Paul E. Mead, 14 Therese Mitros, 2 Hajime Ogino, 15 Yuko Ohta, 16 Alexander V. Poliakov, 1 Nicolas Pollet, 17 Jacques Robert, 18 Asaf Salamov, 1 Amy K. Sater, 19 Jeremy Schmutz, 1,12 Astrid Terry, 1 Peter D. Vize, 20 Wesley C. Warren, 11 Dan Wells, 19 Andrea Wills, 2 Richard K. Wilson, 11 Lyle B. Zimmerman, 21 Aaron M. Zorn, 22 Robert Grainger, 23 Timothy Grammer, 2 Mustafa K. Khokha, 24 Paul M. Richardson, 1 and Daniel S. Rokhsar 1,2 [1] Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA [2] Center for Integrative Genomics, University of California Berkeley 94720, USA [3] Division of Systems Biology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, London, NW7 1AA, UK [4] Genetic Information Research Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA [5] National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. [6] Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA [7] Dept of Developmental and Cell Biology, 4410 Natural Sciences Building 2, University of California
Application of Computational Chemical Shift Prediction Techniques to the Cereoanhydride Structure Problem—Carboxylate Complications

Despite the vast array of techniques available to modern-day chemists, structural misassignments still occur. These misassignments are often only realized upon attempted synthesis, when the spectra of synthesized products do not match previously reported spectra. This was the case with marine natural product cereoanhydride. The originally proposed 7-membered ring anhydride (1) was shown to be incorrect, although a likely precursor to the correct structure (2) in both its laboratory synthesis and biosynthesis. Herein, in addition to showing how NMR computations could have been used to arrive at the correct structure, we show that the conversion of 1 to 2 is indeed energetically viable, and we highlight complications in predicting NMR chemical shifts for molecules with acidic protons.
SVM BASED ROAD SURFACE DETECTION TO IMPROVE PERFORMANCE OF ABS

Advance information about the road surface a vehicle is going to encounter can improve the performance of Antilock Braking System (ABS). For e.g. the initial slip cycles caused by the ABS could be avoided, if it is already known that the vehicle is on a surface having a low coefficient of friction (μ). In this paper, an algorithm is developed that detects different road surfaces using streaming video acquired from a camera mounted on the hood of the vehicle. The road surfaces detected here are asphalt road, cement road, sandy road, rough asphalt road (asphalt road which is deteriorating), grassy road and rough road. The value of coefficient of friction (μ) is also given out with the detected surfaces to obtain additional information about the road surfaces. Split μ (a road having different μ conditions on the left and right side of the vehicle) and μ jump (different μ conditions on the front and rear of the vehicle) are also pre detected. One method was not sufficient to achieve the goals of this algorithm. Here several simple techniques like the Canny edge algorithm, intensity histogram, contours, Hough transform and image segmentation were employed and compared with the Support Vector Machine (SVM). To prevent misdetections, the road surface detection during high motion blur is prohibited.
For Control-Dependence and Slicing for Modern Program Structures ∗ Technical Report # 8

The notion of control dependence underlies many program analysis and transformation techniques used in numerous applications. Despite wide application, existing definitions and approaches to calculating control dependence are difficult to apply seamlessly to modern program structures. Such programs structures make substantial use of exception processing and increasingly support reactive systems designed to run indefinitely. This paper revisits foundational issues surrounding control dependence and develops definitions and algorithms for computing control dependence that can be directly applied to modern program structures. In the context of slicing reactive systems, the paper proposes a notion of slicing correctness based on weak bisimulation and proves that the definition of control dependence generates slices that conform to this notion of correctness. Finally, a variety of properties show that the new definitions conservatively extend classic definitions. These new definitions and algorithms for control dependence form the basis of a publicly available program slicer that has been implemented for full Java.
Submitted to ApJ Robust Machine Learning Applied to Astronomical Datasets II : Quantifying Photometric Redshifts for Quasars Using Instance-Based Learning

We apply instance-based machine learning to the task of estimating photometric redshifts for 55,746 objects spectroscopically classified as quasars in the Fifth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and compare the results obtained to those from an empirical color-redshift relation (CZR). In contrast to previously published results using CZRs, we find that the instance-based photometric redshifts are assigned with no regions of catastrophic failure. Remaining outliers are simply scattered about the ideal relation, in a similar manner to the pattern seen in the optical for normal galaxies at redshifts z . 1. The instance-based algorithm is trained on a representative sample of the data and pseudo-blindtested on the remaining unseen data. The variance between the photometric and spectroscopic redshifts is σ = 0.123± 0.002 (compared to σ = 0.265± 0.006 for the CZR), and 54.9±0.7%, 73.3±0.6%, and 80.7±0.3% of the objects are within ∆z < 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 respectively. We also match our sample to the Second Data Release of the Galaxy Evolution Explorer legacy data and the resulting 7,642 objects show a further improvement, giving a variance of σ = 0.054 ± 0.005, and 70.8±1.2%, 85.8±1.0%, and 90.8±0.7% of objects within ∆z < 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3. We show that the improvement is indeed due to the extra information provided by GALEX, by training on the same dataset using purely SDSS photometry, Department of Astronomy, MC-221, University of Illinois, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA National Center for Supercomputing Applications, MC-257, 1205 W. Clark St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Department of Physics, MC-704, University of Illinois, 1110 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
Mental Stress Recognition based on Non-invasive and Non-contact Measurement from Stereo Thermal and Visible Sensors

This paper aims to present a novel methodology for real time monitoring of Internal Emotion State (Mental Stress). The method does not require any contact as contact measurement tend to effect emotions and burden physiologically. We have found out that user stress is correlated with the increased blood flow in three facial areas of sympathetic importance which is periorbital, supraorbital and maxillary. This increased blood flow dissipates convective heat which can be monitored through thermal imaging. In the stress experiment conducted, blood vessel is also detected via thermal imaging for several subjects in real time. Thermal infrared and visible cameras are being used in the stimulus experiment. Sample of several faces are also taken in real time in our experimental setup to measure the effectiveness of our method. Almost 98% of correct measurement of ROI and temperature was detected. The results of temperature before and after stress stimulus experiment are also compared and show promising results. In this paper also, a new method for detecting facial feature in both thermal and visual is presented by applying Nostril Mask, which allows one to find facial feature namely nose area in thermal and visual. Graph Cut algorithm is applied to remove unwanted ROI and correctly detect precise temperature values. Extraction of thermal-visual facial feature images is done by using Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) Feature detector and extractor to verify the method of using nostril mask. Based on the experiment conducted, it shows 88.6% of correct matching. An Accurate and efficient thermal-infrared camera calibration is also important for advancing computer vision research approach for geometrically calibrating individual and multiple cameras in both thermal and visible modalities. We also propose new printed Fever Cold Plaster (FCP) chessboard using a popular existing approach which is comparatively accurate and simple to execute. Based on the experiment conducted by comparing the degradation of image quality with the current approach, our proposed chessboard can be more clearly located than those on the applied standard chessboard by 39%.
Shear wave anisotropy beneath the volcanic front in South Kyushu area, Japan: Development of C‐type olivine CPO under H2O‐rich conditions

Shear wave splitting from local intermediate‐depth earthquakes is investigated to detect the anisotropic structure in the mantle wedge beneath the South Kyushu area, Japan. We observed shear wave splitting with NEE‐SWW to NWW‐SEE polarization directions and delay times of 0.04–0.63 s. Trench‐normal shear wave polarization anisotropy with a delay time greater than 0.3 s probably overlaps in the high VP/VS region at a depth of 100–150 km beneath the volcanic front. Model calculations for the cause of the anisotropy suggest that the development of “C‐type” olivine crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) with a trench‐parallel b axis concentration and a trench‐normal a axis concentration best reproduces observations compared to A‐, B‐, or E‐type olivine CPOs and antigorite CPO. We conclude that a thick anisotropic layer, approximately 50 km, is formed by concentration of interstitial fluid in peridotite. We briefly discuss the mechanism carrying water to the deep mantle wedge. A possible explanation is that interstitial fluids in the mantle wedge are effectively released because of a decrease in dihedral angles of olivine‐fluid interfaces at 150 km depth. Our results imply a close relation between the high density of explosive volcanoes in the South Kyushu area and the underlying water‐rich mantle.
Wireless World Research Forum ( WWRF ) 1 Addressed objective : Identifying new research areas Title of the research item : Making sensor networks intelligent Authors

Our environment contains many physical processes that should be observed and/or controlled. Examples include climate control in intelligent buildings, factory floor automation and environmental control. These tasks require many individual sensors and actuators, which today are connected into fixed, wired networks. However, planning, installing and maintaining such a system is prohibitively complex and expensive.
Addressing Climate Change

Climate change is already affecting the production of many agricultural crops, including coffee. Climate impact models show that rising temperatures and an increased occurrence of extreme weather events will have severe effects on the coffee production systems in Vietnam. These impacts include, for example, disrupted flowering cycles and prolonged drought periods, which ultimately result in reduced coffee quantity and quality. If no action is taken, it is very likely that incomes for coffee farmers will progressively decline over time – ultimately putting at risk their livelihoods. For coffee exporting countries like Vietnam the effects of the global climate change phenomenon on the national economy can be immense.
Editorial: Omics Data Integration Towards Mining of Phenotype Specific Biomarkers in Cancers and Diseases

NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China, 3 School of Computer Science and Technology, Central South University, Changsha, China, 4 Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine & Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, 5 The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
Quantifying the effect of construction site factors on concrete compressive strength using designed experiments

Both structured and unstructured factors affect concrete compressive strength. Structured factors, e.g., raw materials, affect concrete production. Unstructured factors, e.g., local conditions, affect concrete quality during the construction phase. The effects of structured factors on concrete metrics are well understood, while there is limited understanding on the effects of unstructured factors. A full 25 factorial design was conducted to quantify the effect of five construction site factors including crew experience, compaction method, mixing time, curing humidity and curing temperature. A linear regression model was developed considering significant affecting factors. Model adequacy was evaluated through residual plots. The results indicate that compaction method, mixing time, curing humidity and curing temperature affect concrete compressive strength significantly, with curing temperature having the highest percent contribution (50.0%). The final regression model was used to create a decision-support tool that enables construction workers to find operating conditions and take corrective actions to preserve concrete quality.
Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume II – reactions of organic species

This article, the second in the series, presents kinetic and photochemical data eval- uated by the IUPAC Subcommittee on Gas Kinetic Data Evaluation for Atmospheric Chemistry. It covers the gas phase and photochemical reactions of Organic species, which were last published in 1999, and were updated on the IUPAC website in late 5 2002. The article consists of a summary sheet, containing the recommended ki- netic parameters for the evaluated reactions, and eight appendices containing the data sheets, which provide information upon which the recommendations are made.