Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus: an epidemiological analysis in the city of Taubaté, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE To discuss the main aspects of co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus in the city of Taubaté (located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil) in 2001 and 2002. METHODS This study presents epidemiological data on tuberculosis cases occurring in Taubaté in 2001 and 2002. RESULTS Of the 250 cases of tuberculosis analyzed, 70 (28%) presented human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity, 95 (38%) presented human immunodeficiency virus seronegativity, and 85 (34%) were patients who had not been submitted to serological testing. In the first group (tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity), males from 30 to 40 years of age predominated, the most common clinical presentation of tuberculosis was pulmonary (65.71%), and the cure rate was 59.38%. In the group of tuberculosis patients presenting human immunodeficiency virus seronegativity, males from 30 to 40 years of age also predominated, the most common clinical presentation of tuberculosis was also pulmonary (70.55%), and the cure rate was 81.63%. CONCLUSION We conclude that the human immunodeficiency virus plays an important role in the epidemiology of tuberculosis. Therefore, serological testing for human immunodeficiency virus should be carried out when a diagnosis of tuberculosis is made.
Data-Fusion of PMD-Based Distance-Information and High-Resolution RGB-Images

An important field of reasearch in computer vision is the 3D analysis and reconstruction of objects and scenes for e.g. position determination, online object recognition or collision prevention. Known techniques thereby mainly rely on measuring devices such as laser scanners, stereo camera systems, or comparable algorithms like structure from motion. The rather new Photonic Mixing Device (PMD) technique is based on the time-of-flight principle and measures full-range distance information in real-time. Unfortunately, PMD-based devices have still limited resolution (e.g. 160 x 120px) and provide only graylevel information. This paper describes a fast algorithmic approach to combine high resolution RGB images with low resolution PMD distance data, acquired using a binocular camera setup. The approach relies completely on fast parallel Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) ressources. Additionally, we introduce a simple but efficient method to detect insufficient color assignments, which are due to the binocular setup. The resulting combined RGBZ-data not only enhances the visual result, but also represents a basis for advanced data processing in e.g. object recognition.
Social and Emotional Loneliness

One hundred forty college students provided data on social and emotional loneliness, social provisions, social support appraisals, features of socializing and emotional support networks, and personal characteristics thought to inhibit social interaction or the development of relationships. Limited evidence was obtained for the view that social and emotional loneliness are distinct experiences with different social and personal antecedents. Both social and emotional loneliness were inversely associated with provisions of social relationships, with appraisals of support, and with both quantitative features (size, frequency) and qualitative features (closeness, reciprocity, complexity) of social support networks. Social and emotional loneliness also were associated inversely with personal characteristics, particularly discomfort in social situations, self-esteem, and a negative orientation toward support networks.
Distal Clavicle Osteolysis after Modified Weaver-Dunn's Procedure for Chronic Acromioclavicular Dislocation: A Case Report and Review of Complications

Distal clavicle osteolysis after acromioclavicular joint stabilization has only been described after the use of hardware for clavicle stabilization or synthetic graft causing a foreign body reaction. This paper reports a very rare case of distal clavicle osteolysis after modified Weaver-Dunn procedure for the treatment of chronic acromioclavicular joint dislocation. The paper also provides a comprehensive review of complications of this surgical technique and discusses a potential vascular etiology and preventive strategies aimed at avoiding clavicle osteolysis.
Renal insufficiency in the absence of albuminuria and retinopathy among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

CONTEXT Kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is more heterogeneous than in type 1 DM. Reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) among individuals with type 2 DM may not always be due to classic diabetic glomerulosclerosis, which is associated with albuminuria and retinopathy. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of chronic renal insufficiency (CRI), defined as a GFR less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 body surface area (BSA) in the absence of microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria and diabetic retinopathy among adults with type 2 DM. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional analysis of adults aged 40 years or older with type 2 DM in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a probability sample of the total civilian US noninstitutionalized population conducted from 1988-1994. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The GFR per 1.73 m2 BSA, calculated with serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, and serum albumin levels using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study prediction equation; albuminuria, assessed using spot urine albumin/creatinine ratio; and presence of retinopathy, determined with fundus photography. RESULTS Overall, 13% (sampled n = 171) of adults with type 2 DM (n = 1197) had CRI with a population estimate of 1.1 million. Among these adults with CRI, diabetic retinopathy was noted in 28% (n = 58), while the frequencies of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria were 45% (n = 64) and 19% (n = 47), respectively. Retinopathy and albuminuria (microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria) were both absent in 30% (n = 51) of adults with type 2 DM and CRI. The population estimate of adults with type 2 DM and CRI in the absence of diabetic retinopathy or albuminuria was approximately 0.3 million. CONCLUSIONS A substantial burden of CRI among persons with type 2 DM in the United States is likely due to renal parenchymal disease other than classic diabetic glomerulosclerosis. Approaches to screening renal disease in the type 2 DM population should incorporate assessment of GFR in addition to monitoring urine albumin excretion and funduscopic changes to ensure that individuals with type 2 DM and CRI not due to diabetic glomerulosclerosis will receive appropriate intervention.
Recent developments in transceiver SoC design for next generation optical networks

This paper presents the ongoing research efforts in optical communication transceiver SoC design for emerging fiber-wireless mobile networks and next generation 200/400GbE optical networks using advanced CMOS technologies. First, a 4-Gb/s fiber-to-mm-wave baseband-over-fiber (BoF) modulator SoC using 65-nm CMOS with a fully integrated 850-nm wavelength optical receiver front-end for short-range wireless backhaul connectivity is reviewed. Next, design considerations for an improved 10-Gb/s BoF I/Q modulator SoC with integrated 60-GHz power amplifier is described. Lastly, a novel PAM4/NRZ transceiver architecture featuring BER built-in-self-test is discussed.
Counting Supertubes

: The quantum states of the supertube are counted by directly quantizing the linearized Born-Infeld action near the round tube. The result is an entropy S = 2 π p 2( Q D 0 Q F 1 − J ), in accord with conjectures in the literature. As a result, supertubes may be the generic D0-F1 bound state. Our approach also shows directly that supertubes are marginal bound states with a discrete spectrum. We also discuss the relation to recent suggestions of Mathur et al involving three-charge black holes.
Organized Labor and the Unionization of Hispanic, Chinese, and Filipino Americans

This work adds a systematic understanding of the diverse relationships of immigrants and minorities to organized labor in the United States. Using Current Population Survey data from 1994 to 2013, I interrogate the unionization of Hispanic, Chinese, and Filipino Americans. In comparison to whites, native-born and established immigrant Hispanics have higher rates of unionization, Filipinos (both immigrant and native born) are much likelier to join unions, and Chinese immigrants are less likely to be unionized and more likely to leave unions. Labor market position continues to have a profound effect on unionization; however, solidaristic characteristics also shape patterns of unionization.
Inhibiting EGF receptor or SRC family kinase signaling overcomes BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma.

UNLABELLED We generated cell lines resistant to BRAF inhibitors and show that the EGF receptor (EGFR)-SRC family kinase (SFK)-STAT3 signaling pathway was upregulated in these cells. In addition to driving proliferation of resistant cells, this pathway also stimulated invasion and metastasis. EGFR inhibitors cooperated with BRAF inhibitors to block the growth of the resistant cells in vitro and in vivo, and monotherapy with the broad specificity tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib blocked growth and metastasis in vivo. We analyzed tumors from patients with intrinsic or acquired resistance to vemurafenib and observed increased EGFR and SFK activity. Furthermore, dasatinib blocked the growth and metastasis of one of the resistant tumors in immunocompromised mice. Our data show that BRAF inhibitor-mediated activation of EGFR-SFK-STAT3 signaling can mediate resistance in patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma. We describe 2 treatments that seem to overcome this resistance and could deliver therapeutic efficacy in patients with drug-resistant BRAF-mutant melanoma. SIGNIFICANCE Therapies that target the driver oncogenes in cancer can achieve remarkable responses if patients are stratified for treatment. However, as with conventional therapies, patients often develop acquired resistance to targeted therapies, and a proportion of patients are intrinsically resistant and fail to respond despite the presence of an appropriate driver oncogene mutation. We found that the EGFR/SFK pathway mediated resistance to vemurafenib in BRAF -mutant melanoma and that BRAF and EGFR or SFK inhibition blocked proliferation and invasion of these resistant tumors, providing potentially effective therapeutic options for these patients.
Wind energy aggregation: A coalitional game approach

In this paper we explore the extent to which a group of N wind power producers can exploit the statistical benefits of aggregation and quantity risk sharing by forming a willing coalition to pool their variable power to jointly offer their aggregate power output as single entity into a forward energy market. We prove that wind power generators will always improve their expected profit when they aggregate their generated power and use tools from coalitional game theory to design fair sharing mechanisms to allocate the payoff among the coalition participants. We show that the corresponding coalitional game is super-additive and has a nonempty core. Hence, there always exists a mechanism for profit-sharing that makes the coalition stable. However, the game is not convex and the celebrated Shapley value may not belong to the core of the game. An allocation mechanism that minimizes the worst-case dissatisfaction is proposed.
Learning Semantic Definitions of Online Information Sources

The Internet contains a very large number of information sources providing many types of data from weather forecasts to travel deals and financial information. These sources can be accessed via Web-forms, Web Services, RSS feeds and so on. In order to make automated use of these sources, we need to model them semantically, but writing semantic descriptions for Web Services is both tedious and error prone. In this paper we investigate the problem of automatically generating such models. We introduce a framework for learning Datalog definitions of Web sources. In order to learn these definitions, our system actively invokes the sources and compares the data they produce with that of known sources of information. It then performs an inductive logic search through the space of plausible source definitions in order to learn the best possible semantic model for each new source. In this paper we perform an empirical evaluation of the system using real-world Web sources. The evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of the approach, showing that we can automatically learn complex models for real sources in reasonable time. We also compare our system with a complex schema matching system, showing that our approach can handle the kinds of problems tackled by the latter.
Activation in parietal operculum parallels motor recovery in stroke

Motor recovery after stroke requires continuous interaction of motor and somatosensory systems. Integration of somatosensory feedback with motor programs is needed for the automatic adjustment of the speed, range, and strength of the movement. We recorded somatosensory evoked fields (SEFs) to tactile finger stimulation with whole‐scalp magnetoencephalography in 23 acute stroke patients at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after stroke to investigate how deficits in the somatosensory cortical network affect motor recovery. SEFs were generated in the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex (SI) and in the bilateral parietal opercula (PO) in controls and patients. In the patients, SI amplitude or latency did not correlate with any of the functional outcome measures used. In contrast, the contralateral PO (cPO) amplitude to the affected hand stimuli correlated significantly with hand function in the acute phase and during recovery; the weaker the PO activation, the clumsier the hand was. At 1 and 3 months, enhancement of the cPO activation paralleled the improvement of the hand function. Whole‐scalp magnetoencephalography measurements revealed that dysfunction of somatosensory cortical areas distant from the ischemic lesion may affect the motor recovery. Activation strength of the PO paralleled motor recovery after stroke, suggesting that the PO area is an important hub in mediating modulatory afferent input to motor cortex. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conference on ‘ Sustainable food consumption ’ Sustainable diets within sustainable food systems

Sustainable diets and sustainable food systems are increasingly explored by diverse scientific disciplines. They are also recognised by the international community and called upon to orient action towards the eradication of hunger and malnutrition and the fulfilment of sustainable development goals. The aim of the present paper is to briefly consider some of the links between these two notions in order to facilitate the operationalisation of the concept of sustainable diet. The concept of sustainable diet was defined in 2010 combining two totally different perspectives: a nutrition perspective, focused on individuals, and a global sustainability perspective, in all its dimensions: environmental, economic and social. The nutrition perspective can be easily related to health outcomes. The global sustainability perspective is more difficult to analyse directly. We propose that it be measured as the contribution of a diet to the sustainability of food systems. Such an approach, covering the three dimensions of sustainability, enables identification of interactions and interrelations between food systems and diets. It provides opportunities to find levers of change towards sustainability. Diets are both the results and the drivers of food systems. The drivers of change for those variously involved, consumers and private individuals, are different, and can be triggered by different dimensions (heath, environment, social and cultural). Combining different dimensions and reasons for change can help facilitate the transition to sustainable diets, recognising the food system’s specificities. The adoption of sustainable diets can be facilitated and enabled by food systems, and by appropriate policies and incentives.
Influence of grain characteristics on the friction of granular shear zones

[1] Numerical models of granular shear show lower friction and a greater tendency for stick slip than laboratory studies designed to investigate fault mechanics. Here we report on laboratory experiments designed to reproduce the conditions of numerical models and to test the role that grain characteristics play in controlling frictional behavior. Friction and microstructural data are compared for direct shear experiments on thin layers (2–3 mm) of angular quartz sand and spherical glass beads. We study the effect of grain shape, roughness, size distribution, and comminution. In a nonfracture loading regime, sliding friction for smooth spherical particles (μ ∼ 0.45) is measurably lower than for angular particles (μ ∼ 0.6). A narrow particle size distribution (PSD) of spherical beads (105–149 μm) exhibits unstable stick-slip behavior, whereas a wide PSD of spheres (1–800 μm) and the angular gouge display stable sliding. At higher stress, where grain fracture is promoted, initially spherical particles become stable with accumulated slip, and friction increases to the level observed for angular gouge. We find that frictional strength and stability of a granular shear zone are sensitive to grain shape, PSD, and their evolution. We suggest that a low friction translation mechanism, such as grain rolling, operates in gouge composed of smooth particles. Our results show that the first-order disparities between laboratory and numerical studies of granular shear can be explained by differences in grain characteristics and loading conditions. Since natural faults predominantly contain angular gouge, we find no evidence for a fault-weakening mechanism associated with the presence of gouge.
Language identification using pitch contour information

An approach to automatic language identification (LID) using pitch contour information is proposed. A segment of pitch contour is approximated by a set of Legendre polynomials so that coefficients of the polynomials form a feature vector to represent this pitch contour. A Gaussian mixture model (GMM) method based on feature vectors extracted from pitch contours is suggested for the LID. Our experiments show that only two or three coefficients are necessary to obtain reasonably good identification rates. We also find that the length of the segmented pitch contour is another useful feature for LID, so that it is included to improve the performance further. Pair-wise language identification experiments on the OGI-TS corpus show that our proposed approach is very promising We also find that tonal languages and pitch accent languages achieve better performance in our system.
Parental concerns about weight-based victimization in youth.

BACKGROUND The present study aimed to assess parental perceptions of weight-based victimization (WBV) and its consequences for children's health as well as how perceptions of WBV vary by parental and child weight status. METHODS A national sample of American parents with children ages 2-18 years (N=918) completed an online questionnaire to assess their perceptions of how common WBV is, compared to other forms of victimization among youth, their level of concern with this issue both generally and for their own child, and their perceptions of behavioral and psychological consequences of WBV. Descriptive statistics and censored regression models with standardized coefficients were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Fifty-three percent of parents perceived "being overweight" to be the most common reason that youth are bullied, regardless of parental or child weight status. Parents, both with and without overweight children, endorsed similar levels of general concern about WBV and its psychological and behavioral consequences for youth. However, parents with overweight children were substantially more concerned about WBV affecting their child(ren) and perceived it to be more common, serious, and posed risks to their child(ren)'s health, compared to parents without overweight children. CONCLUSIONS The present study, to the best of the authors' knowledge, is the first to indicate that parents have substantial concerns about WBV and its health consequences for youth. These findings highlight the need for educators and pediatric healthcare providers to be aware that WBV is a common concern among families, and suggest that increased efforts are needed to address WBV.
1 2 Ju l 2 00 1 PERIODIC COMPLEXES AND GROUP ACTIONS

In this paper we show that the cohomology of a connected CW –complex is periodic if and only if it is the base space of a spherical fibration with total space that is homotopically finite dimensional. As applications we characterize those discrete groups that act freely and properly on R n × S m ; we construct non–standard free actions of rank two simple groups on finite complexes Y ≃ S n × S m ; and we prove that a finite p–group P acts freely on such a complex if and only if it does not contain a subgroup isomorphic to (Z/p) 3 .
Mycobacterium marinum Erp Is a Virulence Determinant Required for Cell Wall Integrity and Intracellular Survival

ABSTRACT The Mycobacterium tuberculosis exported repetitive protein (Erp) is a virulence determinant required for growth in cultured macrophages and in vivo. To better understand the role of Erp in Mycobacterium pathogenesis, we generated a mutation in the erp homologue of Mycobacterium marinum, a close genetic relative of M. tuberculosis. erp-deficient M. marinum was growth attenuated in cultured macrophage monolayers and during chronic granulomatous infection of leopard frogs, suggesting that Erp function is similarly required for the virulence of both M. tuberculosis and M. marinum. To pinpoint the step in infection at which Erp is required, we utilized a zebrafish embryo infection model that allows M. marinum infections to be visualized in real-time, comparing the erp-deficient strain to a ΔRD1 mutant whose stage of attenuation was previously characterized in zebrafish embryos. A detailed microscopic examination of infected embryos revealed that bacteria lacking Erp were compromised very early in infection, failing to grow and/or survive upon phagocytosis by host macrophages. In contrast, ΔRD1 mutant bacteria grow normally in macrophages but fail to induce host macrophage aggregation and subsequent cell-to-cell spread. Consistent with these in vivo findings, erp-deficient but not RD1-deficient bacteria exhibited permeability defects in vitro, which may be responsible for their specific failure to survive in host macrophages.