Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline.

Purpose To provide evidence-based recommendations to practicing physicians and others on the management of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Methods ASCO convened an Expert Panel of medical oncology, thoracic surgery, radiation oncology, pulmonary, pathology, imaging, and advocacy experts to conduct a literature search, which included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and prospective and retrospective comparative observational studies published from 1990 through 2017. Outcomes of interest included survival, disease-free or recurrence-free survival, and quality of life. Expert Panel members used available evidence and informal consensus to develop evidence-based guideline recommendations. Results The literature search identified 222 relevant studies to inform the evidence base for this guideline. Recommendations Evidence-based recommendations were developed for diagnosis, staging, chemotherapy, surgical cytoreduction, radiation therapy, and multimodality therapy in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Additional information is available at www.asco. org/thoracic-cancer-guidelines and www.asco. org/guidelineswiki .
Selective reading and selectionist thinking: Why violence has been, and should be, important to the cognitive science of religion

We agree with Martin and Wiebe that CSR researchers would benefit from the insights of ethnographers and historians and we commend them for drawing attention to both the prosocial and violent aspects of religion, as we think both are crucial for understanding religion’s role in human sociality. Here we stress this point by drawing attention to the socioecological conditions under which we expect violence associated with religion to occur between, as well as within, groups. We begin, however, by noting that Martin and Wiebe’s reading of the CSR literature is selective; despite their protestations, violence has been a topic of considerable interest to CSR researchers for some time. In fact, major contributors to CSR including Scott Atran, Dominic Johnson, and Harvey Whitehouse have all written books and numerous articles focusing on the violent side of religion (e.g. Atran 2003, 2010; Johnson 2008; Johnson and Reeve 2013; Johnson and Toft 2014; Whitehouse 1995, 1996; Whitehouse and McGuinn 2013). The second author of this commentary has also written various pieces that aim to explain religious violence (e.g. Alcorta and Sosis 2013; Sosis 2011; Sosis and Alcorta 2008; Sosis et al. 2007; Sosis et al. 2012). And most notably, Norenzayan, who takes the brunt of Martin and Wiebe’s criticism concerning CSR’s alleged prosociality bias, has published several important papers on religious violence (e.g. Hansen and Norenzayan 2006; Ginges et al. 2009). All of this literature was curiously ignored in the target article. In light of Martin and Wiebe’s concern that Templeton is leading CSR’s supposed “Kumbayah” festivities, we should also point out that Templeton has funded all of these researchers. Ultimately, to assess Martin and Wiebe’s contention, we recommend a systematic meta-analysis to determine whether a prosociality bias genuinely exists in the
Mining users' activity on large Twitter text data

Online social network makes people interact with each other frequently. There comes an important question: at what time users always use twitter? How about users' relationship with others? How do the information flow in the network? In this paper, we conducted an experiment on a large twitter dataset, and some interesting user activity patterns have been discovered. We find that people always use twitter at night in a day. People tweet less on weekends than from Monday to Friday. We verify the power-law distribution of the degree in the network. And we propose a text-based user dividing method. We mine users' text data according to this method and divide them into different categories. Finally, we discover the information flow between different categories.
Disgust: An Emotional Component of Conservative Attitudes toward Transgender Individuals

Though disgust is one of the most basic of human feelings, recent research (Schaich Borg, Lieberman, and Kiehl, 2008; Tybur, Lieberman, and Griskevicius, 2009) has provided new insights into the cognition of this emotion. The present work incorporates these new findings as it examines the political implications of different types of disgust motivated by evolutionary pressures to avoid pathogens, enhance reproductive success, and deter freeloading social behavior. Prior research has linked political conservatism, opposition to gay marriage, and disgust sensitivity (Smith et al. 2011). However, the role disgust plays in political attitudes toward transgender individuals has not been investigated previously. My research shows that the role of disgust in political conservatism pertains not just to matters of sexual orientation, but gender identity as well. Using an undergraduate sample, the present study finds a gendered relationship, wherein females (but not males) with higher self-reported sexual disgust sensitivity and those with greater physiological reactivity to a sexually disgusting stimulus have greater transphobia and anti-transgender positions on legislation that affects transgender individuals. Skin conductance levels (SCLs) served as the physiological indicator of psychological arousal when various types of disgust were induced by means of video clips.
Psychostimulant treatment and the developing cortex in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

OBJECTIVE While there has been considerable concern over possible adverse effects of psychostimulants on brain development, this issue has not been examined in a prospective study. The authors sought to determine prospectively whether psychostimulant treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was associated with differences in the development of the cerebral cortex during adolescence. METHOD Change in cortical thickness was estimated from two neuroanatomic MRI scans in 43 youths with ADHD. The mean age at the first scan was 12.5 years, and at the second scan, 16.4 years. Nineteen patients not treated with psychostimulants between the scans were compared with an age-matched group of 24 patients who were treated with psychostimulants. Further comparison was made against a template derived from 620 scans of 294 typically developing youths without ADHD. RESULTS Adolescents taking psychostimulants differed from those not taking psychostimulants in the rate of change of the cortical thickness in the right motor strip, the left middle/inferior frontal gyrus, and the right parieto-occipital region. The group difference was due to more rapid cortical thinning in the group not taking psychostimulants (mean cortical thinning of 0.16 mm/year [SD=0.17], compared with 0.03 mm/year [SD=0.11] in the group taking psychostimulants). Comparison against the typically developing cohort without ADHD showed that cortical thinning in the group not taking psychostimulants was in excess of age-appropriate rates. The treatment groups did not differ in clinical outcome, however. CONCLUSIONS These findings show no evidence that psychostimulants were associated with slowing of overall growth of the cortical mantle.
Cardiomyopathy in Congenital and Acquired Generalized Lipodystrophy: A Clinical Assessment

Lipodystrophy is a rare disorder characterized by loss of adipose tissue and low leptin levels. This condition is characterized by severe dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and steatohepatitis. Another phenotypic feature that occurs with considerable frequency in generalized lipodystrophy is cardiomyopathy. We report here the cardiac findings in a cohort of patients with generalized congenital and acquired lipodystrophy, and present a literature review of the cardiac findings in patients with generalized lipodystrophy. We studied 44 patients with generalized congenital and acquired lipodystrophy, most of them enrolled in a clinical trial of leptin therapy. Patients underwent electrocardiograms and transthoracic echocardiograms to evaluate their cardiac status. We followed these patients for an extended time period, some of them up to 8 years. Evaluation of our cohort of patients with generalized lipodystrophy shows that cardiomyopathy is a frequent finding in this population. Most of our patients had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and only a small number had features of dilated cardiomyopathy. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was more frequent in patients with seipin mutation, a finding consistent with the literature. The underlying mechanism for cardiomyopathy in lipodystrophy is not clear. Extreme insulin resistance and the possibility of a "lipotoxic cardiomyopathy" should be entertained as possible explanations. Abbreviations: ECG = electrocardiogram, EF = ejection fraction, LV = left ventricular.
Effects of naltrexone on neural and subjective response to alcohol in treatment-seeking alcohol-dependent patients.

BACKGROUND Positively reinforcing properties of alcohol are in part mediated by activation of the ventral striatum (VS). Alcohol-induced release of endogenous opioids is thought to contribute to this response. Preclinical studies show that the opioid antagonist naltrexone (NTX) can block this cascade, but its ability to do so in treatment-seeking alcoholics has not been examined. Our objective was to study the effects of NTX on alcohol-induced VS activation and on amygdala response to affective stimuli in treatment-seeking alcohol-dependent inpatients. METHODS Sixty-three treatment-seeking alcoholics were randomized to receive NTX (50 mg) or placebo (PLC) daily. On Day 7, participants underwent an alcohol cue reactivity session, and craving was measured using the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale. On Day 9, participants received a saline infusion followed by an alcohol infusion and also viewed affective stimuli in a magnetic resonance scanner. RESULTS Irrespective of medication treatment condition, the alcohol infusion did not activate the VS in the alcohol-dependent patients. Unexpectedly, VS activation was greater in NTX treated patients than in the PLC group. NTX treated patients also reported increased craving in response to alcohol cue exposure, and increased subjective response to alcohol ("high" and "intoxicated") compared to PLC subjects. No significant effects of alcohol infusion on brain response to affective stimuli were in the NTX or PLC groups. CONCLUSIONS Unlike previous findings in social drinkers, a moderate level of intoxication did not activate the VS in treatment-seeking alcoholics. This is likely to reflect tolerance to the positively reinforcing properties of alcohol in this clinical population. Our findings may help explain the efficacy of NTX to reduce heavy drinking, but not to maintain abstinence.
WIVES INVOLVEMENT IN TOURISM DECISION PROCESSES

The objective of this research is to identify the main tourism dimensions that require an explicit decision and to determine the level of involvement of wives in the different tasks associated with pleasure trips. This study segments the tourism decision making tasks into 4 categories, namely, initial trips tasks, financing, pre departure, and destination. Wives were asked to assign a score to their level of involvement in each task. "Level of involvement" is defined in a subjective way by the respondents using a 0-10 scale (10 indicates "total involvement" and 0 indicates "lack of involvement"). Results of the survey suggest 5 perspectives. First, wives have a marginal involvement in tasks related to the "financial aspects". Second, at the destination site wives are highly involved in the decision making process such as "shopping" and "selecting restaurants". Third, there are definite differences in involvement in "accommodation" decisions. Wives involvement increases by 28 6% from the "pre departure" to the "destination" stage. Fourth, this involvement confirms that for some tasks the gender dimension still has a determining role. Finally, research has established the importance of the family life cycle in understanding the tourism decision making. The results of the survey clearly indicate a wide divergence in the level of wives involvement. Involvement is the highest at the destination sites and the lowest in the decision involving financial matters. Two hypotheses were tested: the socioeconomic characteristics of wives and trip characteristics have a positive effect on the level of involvement in the tourism decisions; and levels of task involvement are consistent for the 17 tasks (stability in tasks involvement). That is, if a wife scores high in one task, she will also score high in the other 16 tasks. Better understanding of the degree of wives involvement in tourism decision would assist the industry in its marketing efforts and would provide operators with a more realistic assessment of the role played by wives in decisions and tasks associated with tourism. Recommendations for further research were also discussed.
Endocrine Disruptors: A Potential Risk Factor for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has increased dramatically in the past 20 years together with the obesity epidemic. Mirroring the increase in incidence of GDM is increasing use of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). EDCs are structurally similar to endogenous hormones and interfere with synthesis, secretion, activity, or elimination of natural hormones, resulting in adverse health effects, including diabetes, obesity, developmental disorders, etc. Although the association between bisphenol A (BPA), a well-studied EDC, and type 2 diabetes has been repeatedly investigated in epidemiological and animal studies, there is a dearth of studies examining EDCs and GDM. In fact, the impact of environmental toxins on perinatal health outcomes has largely been overlooked. Recognizing this research gap, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Society for Reproductive Medicine, and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics recently joined leading scientists and clinicians in a call for action to prioritize research in the consequences of exposure to toxic environmental agents on women's health. Evidence is emerging to suggest signaling molecules and EDCs are involved in the control of microRNA (miRNA) expression in trophoblast cells. We reviewed existing scientific evidence of EDCs as a risk factor for GDM as well as the potential role of miRNA in this association.
Tofacitinib Ameliorates Murine Lupus and Its Associated Vascular Dysfunction

Dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses contributes to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its associated premature vascular damage. No drug to date targets both systemic inflammatory disease and the cardiovascular complications of SLE. Tofacitinib is a JAK inhibitor that blocks signaling downstream of multiple cytokines implicated in lupus pathogenesis. While clinical trials have shown that tofacitinib exhibits significant clinical efficacy in various autoimmune diseases, its role in SLE and the associated vascular pathology remains to be characterized.
Mu opioid receptor modulation of somatodendritic dopamine overflow: GABAergic and glutamatergic mechanisms

Mu opioid receptor (MOR) regulation of somatodendritic dopamine neurotransmission in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) was investigated using conventional microdialysis in freely moving rats and mice. Reverse dialysis of the MOR agonist DAMGO (50 and 100 μm) into the VTA of rats produced a concentration‐dependent increase in dialysate dopamine concentrations. Basal dopamine overflow in the VTA was unaltered in mice lacking the MOR gene. However, basal γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) overflow in these animals was significantly increased, whereas glutamate overflow was decreased. Intra‐VTA perfusion of DAMGO into wild‐type (WT) mice increased dopamine overflow. GABA concentrations were decreased, whereas glutamate concentrations in the VTA were unaltered. Consistent with the loss of MOR, no effect of DAMGO was observed in MOR knockout (KO) mice. These data provide the first direct demonstration of tonically active MOR systems in the VTA that regulate basal glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission in this region. We hypothesize that increased GABAergic neurotransmission following constitutive deletion of MOR is due to the elimination of a tonic inhibitory influence of MOR on GABAergic neurons in the VTA, whereas decreased glutamatergic neurotransmission in MOR KO mice is a consequence of intensified GABA tone on glutamatergic neurons and/or terminals. As a consequence, somatodendritic dopamine release is unaltered. Furthermore, MOR KO mice do not exhibit the positive correlation between basal dopamine levels and the glutamate/GABA ratio observed in WT mice. Together, our findings indicate a critical role of VTA MOR in maintaining an intricate balance between excitatory and inhibitory inputs to dopaminergic neurons.
A hierarchical lazy smoking detection algorithm using smartwatch sensors

Smoking is known to be one of the main causes for premature deaths. A reliable smoking detection method can enable applications for an insight into a user's smoking behaviour and for use in smoking cessation programs. However, it is difficult to accurately detect smoking because it can be performed in various postures or in combination with other activities, it is less-repetitive, and it may be confused with other similar activities, such as drinking and eating. In this paper, we propose to use a two-layer hierarchical smoking detection algorithm (HLSDA) that uses a classifier at the first layer, followed by a lazy context-rule-based correction method that utilizes neighbouring segments to improve the detection. We evaluated our algorithm on a dataset of 45 hours collected over a three month period where 11 participants performed 17 hours (230 cigarettes) of smoking while sitting, standing, walking, and in a group conversation. The rest of 28 hours consists of other similar activities, such as eating, and drinking. We show that our algorithm improves recall as well as precision for smoking compared to a single layer classification approach. For smoking activity, we achieve an F-measure of 90-97% in person-dependent evaluations and 83-94% in person-independent evaluations. In most cases, our algorithm corrects up to 50% of the misclassified smoking segments. Our algorithm also improves the detection of eating and drinking in a similar way. We make our dataset and data logger publicly available for the reproducibility of our work.
Efficacy of a New Recrystallized Enrofloxacin Hydrochloride-Dihydrate against Leptospirosis in a Hamster Model

ABSTRACT A trial on Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola was established to compare treatment efficacies of daily intramuscular (i.m.) injections of either 10 mg/kg of 5% enrofloxacin (Baytril [BE]; Bayer Animal Health, Mexico) or the same dose of enrofloxacin hydrochloride-dihydrate (enro-C). Hamsters were experimentally infected via the oral submucosa with 400 microorganisms/animal, in a sequential time schedule aligned to the initial treatment day, and were treated in groups as follows: a group treated with 5% enrofloxacin daily for 7 days after 24 h of infection (group BE24); a group treated as described for group BE24 but with enro-C (enro-C24); a group also treated with 5% enrofloxacin but starting at 72 h after infection (BE74); a group treated as described for group BE74 but with injection of enro-C (enro-C74). An untreated-uninfected control group (group CG−) and an infected-untreated control group (group CG+) were assembled (n = 18 in all groups). Weights and temperatures of the hamsters were monitored daily for 28 days. After hamsters were euthanatized or following death, necropsy, histopathology, macroscopic agglutination tests (MAT), bacterial culture, and PCR were performed. The mortality rates were 38.8% in group BE24 and 100% in group BE74. No mortality was observed in group enro-C24, and 11.1% mortality was recorded in group enro-C74. The mortality rates in groups CG+ and CG− were 100% and zero, respectively. Combined necropsy and histopathologic findings revealed signs of septicemia and organ damage in groups BE24, BE72, and CG+. Groups enro-C24 and CG− showed no lesions. Moderated lesions were registered in 3 hamsters in group enro-C72. MAT results were positive in 83.3% of BE24 hamsters (83.3%) and 100% of BE72 and CG+ hamsters; MAT results were positive in 16.7% in group Enro-C24 and 38.9% in group enro-C72. Only 4/18 were PCR positive in group enro-C72 and only 1 in group enro-C24 (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that enro-C may be a viable option to treat leptospirosis in hamsters and that this may be the case in other species.
Fast measurement of intracardiac pressure differences with 2D breath‐hold phase‐contrast MRI

Intracardiovascular blood pressure differences can be derived from velocity images acquired with phase‐contrast (PC) MRI by evaluating the Navier‐Stokes equations. Pressure differences within a slice of interest can be calculated using only the in‐plane velocity components from that slice. This rapid exam is proposed as an alternative to the lengthy 3D velocity imaging exams. Despite their good spatial coverage, the 3D exams are prone to artifacts and errors from respiratory motion and insufficient temporal resolution, and are unattractive in the clinical setting due to their excessive scan times (>10 min of free breathing). The proposed single‐slice approach requires only one or two breath‐holds of acquisition time, and the velocity data can be processed for the calculation of pressure differences online with immediate feedback. The impact of reducing the pressure difference calculation to two dimensions is quantified by comparison with 3D data sets for the case of blood flow within the cardiac chambers. The calculated pressure differences are validated using high‐fidelity pressure transducers both in a pulsatile flow phantom and in vivo in a dog model. There was excellent agreement between the transducer and PC‐MRI results in all of the studies. Magn Reson Med 49:1056–1066, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EPQ Results and Type A Behavior of Patients with Anxiety Disorder

Objective: To study personality of patients with anxiety disorder. Method: According to criteria of CCMD-3, 30 patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), 30 patients with panic attack (PA) and 30 normal control were assessed with EPQ and TABA (type A behavior assessment). Result: The two patient groups had more Type A behavior than normal control. They had also higher P score and N score in EPQ test than control. Among patients, there was significant positive correlation between P score and N score, and significant negative correlation between TH or CH score and P or N score. Conclusion: Neurotic patients have more Type A behavior and are more neuroticism and psychoticism.
Heuristics for the Maximum 2-Layer RAC Subgraph Problem

This paper studies 2-layer RAC drawings of bipartite graphs. The contribution is as follows: (i) We prove that the problem of computing the maximum 2-layer RAC subgraph is NP-hard even when the vertex ordering on one layer is fixed; this extends a previous NP-hardness result that allows the vertices to be permuted on each layer. (ii) We describe a 3-approximation algorithm for the maximum 2-layer RAC subgraph problem when the vertex ordering on each layer is not fixed, and a heuristic for the case that the vertex ordering on one of the layers is fixed. (iii) We present an experimental study that evaluates the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.