Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The orthogonal signature

Abstract Recently, e-commerce has become even more popular among enterprises. In every stage verifier must obtain certain information to assure the authorization and integrity of each part of a signed e-document. However, verifier generally knows nothing else except the very necessary information. For example, the merchant will keep banks away from acquiring what customers purchase; on the other hand, the merchants are not allowed to know customers’ finance status detailed in banks. We propose an orthogonal signature that can work within multiple parties more than two parties supported by Dual Signature proposed by SET. We also prove that the orthogonal signature can satisfy those requirements proposed by SET later.
A fast integral-equation solver for electromagnetic scattering problems

We describe a new fast integral-equation solver applicable to large-scale electromagnetic scattering problems. In our approach, the field generated by a given current distribution M decomposed into near and far field components. The near field is computed using the conventional method of moments technique with the Galerkin discretization. The far field is calculated by approximating the original current distribution by an equivalent current distribution on a regular Cartesian grid, such that the two currents have identical multipole moments up to a required order m. As the result of this discretization, the original full impedance matrix is decomposed into a sum of a sparse matrix (corresponding to the near field component) and a product of sparse and Toeplitz matrices (corresponding to the far field component). Because of the convolution nature of the Toeplitz kernel, the field generated by the equivalent current distribution can be then obtained by means of discrete fast Fourier transforms. The single computational domain solver based on our formulation requires both memory and computation time of order O(N log N) (in volume problems) or O(N/sup 3/2/) (in surface problems), where N is the number of unknown current elements. In the domain-decomposed parallelized version of the solver, with the number P of processors equal to the number of domains, the total memory required in surface problems is reduced to O(N/sup 3/2//P/sup 1/2/). The corresponding speedup factor is equal to the number of processors P. During the talk, applications of the solver to 2- and 3-dimensional electromagnetic volumetric and boundary-value problems will be presented. <<ETX>>
Sensitivity of an Equatorial Pacific OGCM to the Lateral Diffusion

Abstract An OGCM is used to investigate the importance of lateral mixing in the tropical Pacific Ocean circulation. Horizontal subgrid-scale physics is parameterized by the usual Laplacian operator. Three simulations are performed using three different orders of magnitude for lateral eddy viscosity and diffusivity coefficients: 104, 103, and 102 m2 s−1. The upper layer response is found sensitive to lateral diffusion as well as the rest of the general circulation. Decreasing lateral mixing coefficients raises the mean kinetic energy level and the input of energy by the wind, and enhances the vertical dissipation. This weakens the equatorial meridional cell and induces a reduction of 20 Sv in the transport of the equatorial upwelling. These results are due to the nonlinear interplay between horizontal and vertical diffusion. The nature of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) is found particularly sensitive to the relative importance of the diffusive conditions. Lateral mixing dominates the different regimes o.
Patient-Specific 3D-Printed Low-Cost Models in Medical Education and Clinical Practice

3D printing has been increasingly used for medical applications with studies reporting its value, ranging from medical education to pre-surgical planning and simulation, assisting doctor–patient communication or communication with clinicians, and the development of optimal computed tomography (CT) imaging protocols. This article presents our experience of utilising a 3D-printing facility to print a range of patient-specific low-cost models for medical applications. These models include personalized models in cardiovascular disease (from congenital heart disease to aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection and coronary artery disease) and tumours (lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and biliary disease) based on CT data. Furthermore, we designed and developed novel 3D-printed models, including a 3D-printed breast model for the simulation of breast cancer magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and calcified coronary plaques for the simulation of extensive calcifications in the coronary arteries. Most of these 3D-printed models were scanned with CT (except for the breast model which was scanned using MRI) for investigation of their educational and clinical value, with promising results achieved. The models were confirmed to be highly accurate in replicating both anatomy and pathology in different body regions with affordable costs. Our experience of producing low-cost and affordable 3D-printed models highlights the feasibility of utilizing 3D-printing technology in medical education and clinical practice.
Axonal and myelin changes and their inter-relationship in the optic radiations in people with multiple sclerosis

Background The imaging g-ratio, estimated from axonal volume fraction (AVF) and myelin volume fraction (MVF), is a novel biomarker of microstructural tissue integrity in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective To assess axonal and myelin changes and their inter-relationship as measured by g-ratio in the optic radiations (OR) in people with MS (pwMS) with and without previous optic neuritis (ON) compared to healthy controls (HC). Methods Thirty pwMS and 17 HCs were scanned on a 3Tesla Connectom scanner. AVF and MVF, derived from a multi-shell diffusion protocol and macromolecular tissue volume, respectively, were measured in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and lesions within the OR and used to calculate imaging g-ratio. Results OR AVF and MVF were decreased in pwMS compared to HC, and in OR lesions compared to NAWM, whereas the g-ratio was not different. Compared to pwMS with previous ON, AVF and g-ratio tended to be higher in pwMS without prior ON. AVF and MVF, particularly in NAWM, were positively correlated with retinal thickness, which was more pronounced in pwMS with prior ON. Conclusion Axonal measures reflect microstructural tissue damage in the OR, particularly in the setting of remote ON, and correlate with established metrics of visual health in MS.
Control theory for linear systems

Control Theory for Linear Systems deals with the mathematical theory of feedback control of linear systems. It treats a wide range of control synthesis problems for linear state space systems with inputs and outputs. The book provides a treatment of these problems using state space methods, often with a geometric flavour. Its subject matter ranges from controllability and observability, stabilization, disturbance decoupling, and tracking and regulation, to linear quadratic regulation, $H_2$ and $H_\infty$ control, and robust stabilization. Each chapter of the book contains a series of exercises, intended to increase the reader's understanding of the material. Often, these exercises generalize and extend the material treated in the regular text.
Nonconforming finite element methods with subgrid viscosity applied to advection‐diffusion‐reaction equations

A nonconforming (Crouzeix–Raviart) finite element method with subgrid viscosity is analyzed to approximate advection‐diffusion‐reaction equations. The error estimates are quasi‐optimal in the sense that keeping the Péclet number fixed, the estimates are suboptimal of order ${1\over 2}$ in the mesh size for the L2‐norm and optimal for the advective derivative on quasi‐uniform meshes. The method is also reformulated as a finite volume box scheme providing a reconstruction formula for the diffusive flux with local conservation properties. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the error analysis. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2006
Generalized periodic surface model and its application in designing fibrous porous media

Purpose – Fibrous porous media have a wide variety of applications in insulation, filtration, acoustics, sensing, and actuation. To design such materials, computational modeling methods are needed to engineer the properties systematically. There is a lack of efficient approaches to build and modify those complex structures in computers. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, the authors generalize a previously developed periodic surface (PS) model so that the detailed shapes of fibers in porous media can be modeled. Because of its periodic and implicit nature, the generalized PS model is able to efficiently construct the three-dimensional representative volume element (RVE) of randomly distributed fibers. A physics-based empirical force field method is also developed to model the fiber bending and deformation. Findings – Integrated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis tools, the proposed approach enables simulation-based design of fibrous porous me.
Laser-driven ion source for reduced-cost implantation of metal ions for strong reduction of dry friction and increased durability

Extensive studies of ion implantation into near surface areas of materials have demonstrated astonishing changes of such properties as surface tension, friction, and durability. The cost of implanted ions is currently rather high due to the limited ion current density of the usual ion sources, especially if ions from sources other than gaseous plasma must be used. The advent of the laser ion source, which offers many orders of magnitude higher current densities than classical ion sources, may change the scenario for a wide range of applications, making ion implantation as crucial a manufacturing technology in the future for other industries as it is today for microelectronics.
Transform image enhancement

Blockwise transform image enhancement techniques are discussed. Previously, transform image enhancement has usually been based on the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) applied to the whole image. Two major drawbacks with the DFT are high complexity of implementation involving complex multiplications and additions, with intermediate results being complex numbers, and the creation of severe block effects if image enhancement is done blockwise. In addition, the quality of enhancement is not very satisfactory. In this paper, it is shown that the best transforms for transform image coding, namely, the scrambled real discrete Fourier transform, the discrete cosine transform, and the discrete cosine-III transform, are also the best for image enhancement. Three enhancement techniques discussed in detail are alpha-rooting, modified unsharp masking, and filtering based on the human visual system response (HVS). With proper modifications, it is observed that unsharp making and HVS filtering are basically equivalent. Block effects are completely removed by using an overlap-save technique in addition to the best transform. In conclusion, transform image enhancement yields highly satisfactory performance, it is biologically sound, provides parallel models for implementation, and can be performed simultaneously with transform image coding.
Measuring the Human–Animal Relationship in Cows by Avoidance Distance at Pasture

The human – animal relationship is an essential part of farm animal welfare. Avoidance distance at the feeding rack ( ADF ) has been validated as a measure of human – animal relationship ( HAR ) for cows indoors, but no measure has been validated for cows at pasture yet. The aim of this study was to test the validity of ‘avoidance distance at pasture ’ ( ADP ) as a measure of HAR for grazing dairy cows. We assessed the following validity criteria for both ADP and ADF: inter-observer reliability, test – retest reliability, and stability over the grazing season. We also assessed the selectivity of ADP by convergent validity with ADF. Two persons (randomly alternating between the experimenter carrying out the test and the observer watching the test) estimated ADF and ADP twice on 48 dairy cows. During the grazing season, one person measured both ADF and ADP on the 48 cows two days apart for test – retest reliability and 7 times (at 5-week intervals) for stability over the season. For these tests, the experimenter approached the cow from the front, with his hand held at approximately 45 ◦ , and the distance between the experimenter ’ s hand and the cow was measured at the moment of the cow ’ s first avoidance movement. The inter-observer reliability, test – retest reliability, and stability over the season of ADF and ADP were analyzed at individual level using both reliability (e.g. Spearman ’ s rank correlation ( RS ), Kendall ’ s coefficient of concordance ( KW )), and agreement parameters (e.g. smallest detectable change ( SDC )). A linear mixed model was used to investigate the relationship between ADF and ADP. Inter-observer reliability was high (i.e. satisfactory) for ADF and ADP (RS > 0.7). SDC was around 55 cm for ADF whereas it was 127 cm for ADP. Test – retest reliability was high for ADF (RS = 0.7) and moderate for ADP (RS = 0.5). Stability over the season was moderate for both ADF and ADP (0.5 < KW < 0.6). We found no significant relationship between ADF and ADP. In conclusion, the ADP measure has acceptable inter-observer reliability but is not stable over short-term or long-term time and is not related to ADF. ADP cannot be entirely validated as a measure of HAR at this stage. Further studies are warranted to address factors that make ADP variable with time and to investigate the selectivity of this measure through a construct validity process.
On hydromagnetic precession in a cylinder

The hydrodynamic theory of the resonant cylinder (Gans 1970) is extended to include the effects of a magnetic field parallel to the rotation axis. The linear response is modified by a change in boundary-layer suction and a change in the resonant length. These effects are of equal importance. The theory is valid for small container conductivity and for amplitudes such that the cube of the amplitude is less than the dimensionless precession rate. The importance of container conductivity is assessed. The free modes of the system are given in an appendix. These modes move both east and west. Experimental apparatus capable of producing magnetic Reynolds numbers of the order of 20 for indefinite lengths of time is described. The apparatus was used to assess the linear theory, though not designed for this purpose. Experiments beyond the range of linear theory are described. The results show finite amplitude effects similar to those previously observed in precessing spheroids in the absence of magnetic effects (Malkus 1968). Additional structure attributable to magnetic effects is observed.
Some arithmetical consequences of Jacobi's triple product identity

The purpose of this paper is to prove irrationality results from Jacobi's triple product identity, which can be written, for x∈[Copf ]*, y∈[Copf ], [mid ]y[mid ]<1: formula here There are various proofs of this identity; the classical one rests on the theory of theta functions ([3], theorem 6, p. 69). An alternative proof uses Heine's summation formula ([10], p. 12). An elementary, self-contained proof, can be found in [9], p. 227. In this paper, we will use the same elementary methods as in [5] and [6], and prove the following theorems.
Requirements on heating or current drive for tearing mode stabilization by current profile tailoring

A simple model is constructed which allows a systematic study of the effect of local heating or non-inductive current drive on tearing modes. The current profile changes due to the heating and current drive are calculated in steady state. An extensive study is made of the properties of the m = 2, n = 1 tearing mode within this model. It is shown that the effect of local heating on the m = 2, n = 1 mode stability is extremely sensitive to its localization. This sensitivity will, in practice, be prohibitive for mode stabilization by local heating. Non-inductive current drive is shown to be far more efficient in stabilizing the m = 2, n = 1 mode. The optimum effect of the non-inductively driven current is obtained when it is positioned such that the current density gradient immediately inside the mode resonant surface is reduced.
Technical Report: Metrology and Test Beamline at SOLEIL

We propose to build at SOLEIL a facility for the accurate measurement of the properties of optical elements and detectors from the extreme ultraviolet (EUV), soft X-ray spectral regions up to the hard X-rays. The beamline will serve as a standard for such measurements and hence we call it a calibration and standards beamline, or alternatively, a metrology beamline. This beamline will also be valuable as a general-purpose beamline to prepare, test and set up a wide range of experiments. A complementary important aspect of this installation is the realization of a primary standard (as in BESSY II) [1]: in this case, the metrology beamline of SOLEIL could become the national primary standard source in collaboration with the Laboratoire National d'Essais (LNE) partner of this project. In another field, this installation will be used in the design and characterization of several diagnostics for the Megajoule Laser in Bordeaux in collaboration with the CEA DIF, also a partner of this project.
The Conserved Cysteine-Rich Secretory Protein MaCFEM85 Interacts with MsWAK16 to Activate Plant Defenses

Metarhizium anisopliae is an entomopathogenic fungus which may enhance plant growth and resistance when acting as an endophyte in host plants. However, little is known about the protein interactions nor their activating mechanisms. Common in fungal extracellular membrane (CFEM) proteins have been identified as plant immune regulators that suppress or activate plant resistance responses. Here, we identified a CFEM domain-containing protein, MaCFEM85, which was mainly localized in the plasma membrane. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays demonstrated that MaCFEM85 interacted with the extracellular domain of a Medicago sativa (alfalfa) membrane protein, MsWAK16. Gene expression analyses showed that MaCFEM85 and MsWAK16 were significantly upregulated in M. anisopliae and M. sativa, respectively, from 12 to 60 h after co-inoculation. Additional yeast two-hybrid assays and amino acid site-specific mutation indicated that the CFEM domain and 52th cysteine specifically were required for the interaction of MaCFEM85 with MsWAK16. Defense function assays showed that JA was up-regulated, but Botrytis cinerea lesion size and Myzus persicae reproduction were suppressed by transient expression of MaCFEM85 and MsWAK16 in the model host plant Nicotiana benthamiana. Collectively, these results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying interactions of M. anisopliae with host plants.
Effect of S-ketamine administered at the end of anesthesia on emergence delirium in preschool children undergoing tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy

Background: S-ketamine (the S-isomer of ketamine) is twice as potent as the racemic mixture of this agent and carries fewer side effects when administered to humans. Information regarding the use of S-ketamine for the prevention of emergence delirium (ED) is limited. Thus, we evaluated the effect of S-ketamine administered at the end of anesthesia on ED in preschool children undergoing tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. Methods: We investigated 108 children aged 3–7 years, who were scheduled for elective tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy under general anesthesia. They were randomly assigned to receive either S-ketamine 0.2 mg/kg or an equal volume of normal saline at the end of anesthesia. The primary outcome was the highest score on the pediatric anesthesia ED (PAED) scale during the first 30 min post-surgery. The secondary outcomes included the incidence of ED (defined as a score of ≥ 3 on Aono scale), pain score, time to extubation, and incidences of adverse events. Multivariate analyses were also performed using logistic regression to evaluate the independent factors predictive of ED. Results: The median (interquartile range) PAED score of the S-ketamine group (0 [0, 3]) was significantly lower than that in the control group (1 [0, 7]) (estimate median difference = 0, 95% confidence interval −2 to 0, p = 0.040). Significantly fewer patients in the S-ketamine group had an Aono scale score ≥ 3 (4 [7%] vs. 12 [22%], p = 0.030). Patients in the S-ketamine group also had a lower median pain score than did control subjects (4 [4, 6] vs. 6 [5, 8], p = 0.002). The time to extubation and incidences of adverse events were comparable between the two groups. However, multivariate analyses indicated that except S-ketamine use, pain scores, age and duration of anesthesia were independent factors predictive of ED. Conclusion: S-ketamine (0.2 mg/kg) administered at the end of anesthesia effectively reduced the incidence and severity of ED in preschool children undergoing tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy without prolonging the time to extubation or increasing adverse events. However, S-ketamine use was not an independent factor predictive of ED.
Wide-incident-angle chromatic polarized transmission on trilayer silver/dielectric nanowire gratings

Subwavelength gratings consisting of three layers with periodic structures are investigated. Contrary to the conclusions of many previous works that the transmittance of transverse magnetic (TM) light is higher than that of transverse electric (TE) light over the entire visible range, the transmittance is flipped in the short-wavelength regime, due to localized surface plasmon enhanced absorption of TM light by silver nanowires, while the converse holds in the longer-wavelength region because of the plasmonic waveguiding and cutoff effect of the metal–insulator–metal slits, which enhance TM transmission and prohibit TE propagation, respectively. Thus chromatic polarizations are rendered. Due to their nonresonant character, the spectral responses of the gratings vary little in a wide incident angle range. This work reveals a novel mechanism for fabricating integrated color filters and polarizers conveniently, which has broad applications in LCDs and CMOS sensors.