Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Functional GFP Fusion for Imaging Clathrin‐Mediated Endocytosis

The ability to localize proteins of interest in live cells through imaging inherently fluorescent protein tags has provided an unprecedented level of information on cellular organization. However, there are numerous cases where fluorescent tags alter the localization and/or function of the proteins to which they are appended. Clathrin‐mediated endocytosis from the plasma membrane is a physiologically important process evolutionarily conserved from yeast to humans. Some proteins that are associated with the machinery of clathrin‐mediated endocytosis have been tagged with fluorescent proteins. However, it has not yet been possible to study this process through a protein marker that is specific to this step and still fully functional when linked to a fluorescent protein. In this study, we present the first demonstration that one of these proteins, in this case a green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion to α‐adaptin, a marker of the adaptor protein‐2 complex, functionally complements knockdown of endogenous protein through small interfering RNA silencing. GFP–α‐adaptin, as well as the techniques used to test the fusion protein, represents an important contribution to the cell biologist’s toolbox, which will permit a greater understanding of vesicle trafficking in live cells.
Letter Reversals, Default Mode, and Childhood ADHD

Objective: To investigate the relationship of static reversals, handedness and gender to reaction time variability (RTV) in a sequentional sample of 1,109 children referred to a child psychiatry clinic for investigation of possible ADHD. Method: A DSM-III ADHD diagnosis and ADHD severity ratings (mild, moderate, and severe) by the present investigator was recorded. The age at which the children were still manifesting static reversals as reported by their mother, and right, left, or both-handedness as reported by the mother and observed by the investigator, were noted. Results: The age that letter reversals were still manifested was significantly associated with RTV for male and female children. Conclusions: The findings may represent an early manifestation of a failure of suppression of visually symmetrical information and/or a failure of default mode suppression
Interferon-inducible Myc/STAT-interacting Protein Nmi Associates with IFP 35 into a High Molecular Mass Complex and Inhibits Proteasome-mediated Degradation of IFP 35*

Nmi is an interferon (IFN)-inducible protein homologous to IFN-inducible protein IFP 35. The homology consists of a novel Nmi/IFP 35 domain (NID) of 90–92 amino acids that is repeated in tandem in each protein and mediates Nmi-Nmi protein interactions and subcellular localization. In a yeast two-hybrid screen with a fragment of Nmi protein containing both NIDs, we identified an interaction between Nmi and IFP 35. Deletion derivatives of the proteins indicate that both NIDs are required for the interaction between Nmi and IFP 35. In mammalian cells, Nmi and IFP 35 co-immunoprecipitate and co-localize in large cytoplasmic speckles. Nmi and IFP 35 proteins associate into a high molecular mass complex of 300–400 kDa as determined by native gel electrophoresis and gel filtration. The association of Nmi and IFP 35 into a complex can be demonstrated in multiple cell lines and is not dependent on treatment with IFN. Short term and long term cultures of transfected HEK293 cells suggest that Nmi and IFP 35 proteins stabilize each other through complex formation. IFP 35 appears to be more labile because Nmi was stable in the absence of IFP 35, whereas IFP 35 was degraded in the absence of Nmi. A deletion analysis revealed that Nmi must interact with IFP 35 to prevent its degradation and that the amino terminus of Nmi is required, but not sufficient, for this function. Inhibition of the proteasome, but not other proteases, led to increased levels of IFP 35. Thus, we have shown that Nmi and IFP 35 associate into a protein complex, that IFP 35 is degraded in a proteasome-mediated process, and that a novel function of Nmi is to prevent IFP 35 degradation. The stabilization of IFP 35 by Nmi may serve to amplify the physiologic effects of IFNs.
The spectrum of neuropathy in diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance

Objective: To compare the neuropathy associated with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus (DM) determined by oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT). Methods: Patients with peripheral neuropathy of unknown cause were prescribed OGTT. Duration of neuropathic symptoms, neuropathic pain, neuropathy classification, nerve conduction test results, and intraepidermal nerve fiber densities (IENFD) were compared between IGT and DM groups. Results: Seventy-three patients completed OGTT; 41 (56%) had abnormal results. Of these 41 patients, 26 had IGT and 15 had DM. Patients with IGT had less severe neuropathy than patients with diabetes, as measured by sural nerve amplitudes (p = 0.056), sural nerve conduction velocities (p = 0.03), and distal leg IENFD (p = 0.01). Patients with IGT had predominantly small fiber neuropathy, compared to patients with DM (p = 0.05), who had more involvement of large nerve fibers. Conclusions: The neuropathy associated with IGT is milder than the neuropathy associated with DM. Small nerve fibers are prominently affected and may be the earliest detectable sign of neuropathy in glucose dysmetabolism. OGTT is appropriate in patients with idiopathic neuropathy.
Convention: A Philosophical Study

Acknowledgements. Foreword by W.V. Quine. Introduction. I. Coordination and Convention. Sample Coordination Problems. Analysis of Coordination Problems. Solving Coordination Problems. Convention. Sample Conventions. II. Convention Refined. Common Knowledge. Knowledge of Conventions. Alternatives to Convention. Degrees of Convention. Consequences of Conventions. III. Convention Contrasted. Agreement. Social Contracts. Norms. Rules. Conformative Behavior. Imitation. Meaning of Signals. IV. Convention and Communication. Sample Signals. Analysis of Signaling. Verbal Signaling. Conventional Meaning of Signals. V. Conventions of Language. Possible Languages. Grammars. Semantics in a Possible Language. Conventions of Truthfulness. Semantics in a Population. Conclusion. Index.
Social Exclusion and Models of Development in Latin America

Abstract This article provides an analysis of the conditions of social exclusion that result from an implementation of the neoliberal model of capitalist development. The social impact of this model is examined in the context of developments in Latin America. In addition to this analysis, the article explores various attempts to address the salient conditions of social exclusion such as social inequalities in the distribution of income, the destruction of labour markets, and poverty. At issue are four theoretical models for addressing these issues. The article focuses particularly on the model that underlies the sustainable livelihoods approach to the problem of social exclusion. This model, and the approach based on it, is criticized because of an inherent concern to avoid the central issue of political power involved in the struggle for change and development.
Putting a Face to the Voice: Fusing Audio and Visual Signals Across a Video to Determine Speakers

In this paper, we present a system that associates faces with voices in a video by fusing information from the audio and visual signals. The thesis underlying our work is that an extremely simple approach to generating (weak) speech clusters can be combined with visual signals to effectively associate faces and voices by aggregating statistics across a video. This approach does not need any training data specific to this task and leverages the natural coherence of information in the audio and visual streams. It is particularly applicable to tracking speakers in videos on the web where a priori information about the environment (e.g., number of speakers, spatial signals for beamforming) is not available. We performed experiments on a real-world dataset using this analysis framework to determine the speaker in a video. Given a ground truth labeling determined by human rater consensus, our approach had ~71% accuracy.
Functional interaction between Epstein-Barr virus DNA polymerase catalytic subunit and its accessory subunit in vitro

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA polymerase catalytic subunit (BALF5 protein) and its accessory subunit (BMRF1 protein) have been independently overexpressed and purified (T. Tsurumi, A. Kobayashi, K. Tamai, T. Daikoku, R. Kurachi, and Y. Nishiyama, J. Virol. 67:4651-4658, 1993; T. Tsurumi, J. Virol. 67:1681-1687, 1993). In an investigation of the molecular basis of protein-protein interactions between the subunits of the EBV DNA polymerase holoenzyme, we compared the DNA polymerase activity catalyzed by the BALF5 protein in the presence or absence of the BMRF1 polymerase accessory subunit in vitro. The DNA polymerase activity of the BALF5 polymerase catalytic subunit alone was sensitive to high ionic strength on an activated DNA template (80% inhibition at 100 mM ammonium sulfate). Addition of the polymerase accessory subunit to the reaction greatly enhanced DNA polymerase activity in the presence of high concentrations of ammonium sulfate (10-fold stimulation at 100 mM ammonium sulfate). Optimal stimulation was obtained when the molar ratio of BMRF1 protein to BALF5 protein was 2 or more. The DNA polymerase activity of the BALF5 protein along with the BMRF1 protein was neutralized by a monoclonal antibody to the BMRF1 protein, whereas that of the BALF5 protein alone was not, suggesting a specific interaction between the BALF5 protein and the BMRF1 protein in the reaction. The processivity of nucleotide polymerization of the BALF5 polymerase catalytic subunit on singly primed M13 single-stranded DNA circles was low (approximately 50 nucleotides). Addition of the BMRF1 polymerase accessory subunit resulted in a strikingly high processive mode of deoxynucleotide polymerization (> 7,200 nucleotides). These findings strongly suggest that the BMRF1 polymerase accessory subunit stabilizes interaction between the EBV DNA polymerase and primer template and functions as a sliding clamp at the growing 3'-OH end of the primer terminus to increase the processivity of polymerization.
Mechanical fault diagnosis and signal feature extraction based on fuzzy neural network

To improve the limitation of applying traditional fault diagnosis method to the diagnosis of multi-concurrent vibrant faults of aeroengine, a new diagnosis approach combining the wavelet transform with fuzzy theory is proposed. A novel method based on the statistic rule is brought forward to determine the threshold of each order of wavelet space and the decomposition level adaptively, increasing the signal-noise-ratio. The effective eigenvectors are acquired by binary discrete wavelet transform and the fault modes are classified by fuzzy diagnosis equation based on correlation matrix. The fault diagnosis model of aeroengine is established and the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm is used to fulfill the network structure and the robustness of fault diagnosis equation is discussed. By means of choosing enough samples to train the fault diagnosis equation and the information representing the faults is input into the trained diagnosis equation, and according to the output result the type of fault can be determined. Actual applications show that the proposed method can effectively diagnose multi-concurrent fault for aeroengine vibration and the diagnosis result is correct.
The Subjective Need and Demand for Orthodontic Treatment

The subjective need and demand for orthodontic treatment amongst 955 12-year-old Sheffield children has been assessed using the aesthetic component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need and by a fixed choice questionnaire. When answering the questionnaire a greater proportion of females perceived themselves as having less attractive dentitions and greater treatment need despite any objective evidence to support this view. Of the children at the attractive end of the aesthetic component scale 84ṃ5 per cent were prepared to accept orthodontic treatment of an unspecified nature.
Evaluation of convnets for large-scale scene classification from high-resolution remote sensing images

Convolutional neural networks (convnets) have made possible a number of breakthroughs in image classification and other computer vision problems. However, in order to successfully apply convnets to a new task it should be trained on a large set of labeled samples. Acquisition of a large number of manually labeled remote sensing images requires highly trained analysts which makes it a very expensive task. This is the main reason why we still lack large training sets of remote sensing images. Nevertheless, convnets can still be applied to remote sensing image classification by virtue of using convnets pretrained on another large dataset and fine-tuned to the task at hand. In this paper we investigate the use of pretrained and fine-tuned convnets for both end-to-end classification and feature extraction from remote sensing images. We analyze the quality of the features extracted from various layers of the network from the standpoint of classification accuracy. Using a fine-tuned ResNet we obtain classification accuracy of over 94% on challenging AID dataset.
Revisiting the Interaction between the Nigerian Residential Property Market and the Macroeconomy

Changes in real Gross Domestic Product, changing relativities of exchange rates, as well as inflation rates and short-term interest rates fluctuations exert profound impacts on the bulk of any country’s tangible capital and vice-versa. This paper employs a vector autoregressive (VAR) model to examine the interaction between the Nigerian residential property market - using returns from direct residential property as proxy - and the macroeconomy. First, in estimating a parsimonious VAR model, we applied Augmented Dickney Fuller (ADF) test to detect the presence of unit roots (non-stationary) within the variables that enter the model. Secondly, a multivariate information criteria technique is used in selecting the appropriate lag lengths for the variables to be included in each equation so as not to introduce multicollinearity problem and specification errors. The results of the forecast error variance within the VAR model suggest that macroeconomic shocks explain 28% of the variation in residential property rents and that unexplained variation in the behaviour of residential rents may reflect the explanatory power of property market indicators (as varied as yield, vacancy rates and new construction) rather than macroeconomic variables. Furthermore, responses of residential property rents to shocks in real GDP, exchange rates and short-term interest rates reflect the fact that rents from direct residential property and by extension, the market for residential property adjust slowly to changes in macroeconomic events in Nigeria. On this basis, we hypothesise that this relatively slow adjustment will creates arbitrage profits for parties operating within the Nigerian residential property market to exploit.
Modeling of temperature effects in a surface-potential based ASM-HEMT model

Here, we present the modeling of temperature effects in the surface potential based “Advanced Spice Model for High Electron Mobility Transistor” (ASM-HEMT) for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. We extract the temperature dependencies of mobility, saturation velocity, cut-off voltage and access resistance parameters of this model. This enables accurate modeling of I-V, gm and gds at multiple temperatures. Our model is compared with measured data and shows excellent fitting for a wide range of temperature.
Uric acid protects neurons against excitotoxic and metabolic insults in cell culture, and against focal ischemic brain injury in vivo

Uric acid is a well‐known natural antioxidant present in fluids and tissues throughout the body. Oxyradical production and cellular calcium overload are believed to contribute to the damage and death of neurons that occurs following cerebral ischemia in victims of stroke. We now report that uric acid protects cultured rat hippocampal neurons against cell death induced by insults relevant to the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia, including exposure to the excitatory amino acid glutamate and the metabolic poison cyanide. Confocal laser scanning microscope analyses showed that uric acid suppresses the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite), and lipid peroxidation, associated with each insult. Mitochondrial function was compromised by the excitotoxic and metabolic insults, and was preserved in neurons treated with uric acid. Delayed elevations of intracellular free calcium levels induced by glutamate and cyanide were significantly attenuated in neurons treated with uric acid. These data demonstrate a neuroprotective action of uric acid that involves suppression of oxyradical accumulation, stabilization of calcium homeostasis, and preservation of mitochondrial function. Administration of uric acid to adult rats either 24 hr prior to middle cerebral artery occlusion (62.5 mg uric acid/kg, intraperitoneally) or 1 hr following reperfusion (16 mg uric acid/kg, intravenously) resulted in a highly significant reduction in ischemic damage to cerebral cortex and striatum, and improved behavioral outcome. These findings support a central role for oxyradicals in excitotoxic and ischemic neuronal injury, and suggest a potential therapeutic use for uric acid in ischemic stroke and related neurodegenerative conditions. J. Neurosci. Res. 53:613–625, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complex force dynamics in atomic force microscopy resolved by wavelet transforms

The amplitude and phase evolution of the oscillations of a cantilever after a single tip–sample impact are investigated using a cross-correlation wavelet analysis. The excitation of multiple flexural modes is evidenced and the instantaneous amplitude and phase evolution is extracted from the experimental data at all frequencies simultaneously. The instantaneous total force acting on the tip during a single impact is reconstructed. This method has general relevance for the development of an atomic force spectroscopy of single tip–sample interactions, that develop in a few oscillation cycles of the interacting cantilever eigenmodes and their harmonics.
In vivo comparison of simultaneous versus sequential injection technique for thermochemical ablation in a porcine model

Purpose: To investigate simultaneous and sequential injection thermochemical ablation in a porcine model, and compare them to sham and acid-only ablation. Materials and methods: This IACUC-approved study involved 11 pigs in an acute setting. Ultrasound was used to guide placement of a thermocouple probe and coaxial device designed for thermochemical ablation. Solutions of 10 M acetic acid and NaOH were used in the study. Four injections per pig were performed in identical order at a total rate of 4 mL/min: saline sham, simultaneous, sequential, and acid only. Volume and sphericity of zones of coagulation were measured. Fixed specimens were examined by H&E stain. Results: Average coagulation volumes were 11.2 mL (simultaneous), 19.0 mL (sequential) and 4.4 mL (acid). The highest temperature, 81.3°C, was obtained with simultaneous injection. Average temperatures were 61.1°C (simultaneous), 47.7°C (sequential) and 39.5°C (acid only). Sphericity coefficients (0.83–0.89) had no statistically significant difference among conditions. Conclusions: Thermochemical ablation produced substantial volumes of coagulated tissues relative to the amounts of reagents injected, considerably greater than acid alone in either technique employed. The largest volumes were obtained with sequential injection, yet this came at a price in one case of cardiac arrest. Simultaneous injection yielded the highest recorded temperatures and may be tolerated as well as or better than acid injection alone. Although this pilot study did not show a clear advantage for either sequential or simultaneous methods, the results indicate that thermochemical ablation is attractive for further investigation with regard to both safety and efficacy.
Intrapulmonary TNF Gene Therapy Reverses Sepsis-Induced Suppression of Lung Antibacterial Host Defense1

Sepsis syndrome is frequently complicated by the development of nosocomial infections, particularly Gram-negative pneumonia. Although TNF-α (TNF) has been shown to mediate many of the pathophysiologic events in sepsis, this cytokine is a critical component of innate immune response within the lung. Therefore, we hypothesized that the transient transgenic expression of TNF within the lung during the postseptic period could augment host immunity against nosocomial pathogens. To test this, mice underwent 26-gauge cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) as a model of abdominal sepsis, followed 24 h later by intratracheal (i.t.) administration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In animals undergoing sham surgery followed by bacterial challenge, Pseudomonas were nearly completely cleared from the lungs by 24 h. In contrast, mice undergoing CLP were unable to clear P. aeruginosa and rapidly developed bacteremia. Alveolar macrophages (AM) recovered from mice 24 h after CLP produced significantly less TNF ex vivo, as compared with AM from sham animals. Furthermore, the adenoviral mediated transgenic expression of TNF within the lung increased survival in CLP animals challenged with Pseudomonas from 25% in animals receiving control vector to 91% in animals administered recombinant murine TNF adenoviral vector. Improved survival in recombinant murine TNF adenoviral vector-treated mice was associated with enhanced lung bacterial clearance and proinflammatory cytokine expression, as well as enhanced AM phagocytic activity and cytokine expression when cultured ex vivo. These observations suggest that intrapulmonary immunostimulation with TNF can reverse sepsis-induced impairment in antibacterial host defense.
Model-based Design of Reusable Secure Connectors

This paper describes the integration of security and communication patterns in reusable secure connectors that are incorporated in the model-based design of secure distributed component-based software architectures. The secure connectors are designed separately from application components by reusing the appropriate communication pattern between components as well as the security patterns required by these components. Each secure connector is designed as a composite component that encapsulates both security pattern and communication pattern components. Integration of security patterns and communication patterns within a secure connector is enabled by a security coordinator. The main advantage is that secure connectors can be reused in different secure applications.
The Global Challenge of Encouraging Sustainable Living

This unique book illustrates that in order to address the growing urgency of issues around environmental and resource limits, it is clear that we need to develop effective policies to promote durable changes in behaviour and transform how we view, and consume, goods and services. It suggests that in order to develop effective policies in this area, it is necessary to move beyond a narrow understanding of ‘how individuals behave’, and to incorporate a more nuanced approach that encompasses behavioural influences in different societies, contexts and settings.
Targeting tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs) reprogramming for cancer metastasis therapy

Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) are critical components of the microenvironment of the majority of malignant tumors, associated with poor prognostic notably through various factors secreting. Thus they are emerging as novel targets for tumor metastasis therapy. In this review article, we describe how TAMs regulate tumor angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and then discuss the potential of applying TAMs-targeting treatment as a promising therapeutic strategy for metastatic cancer.