Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DroidProtector: Preventing Capability Leak of Android Applications

Both benign and malicious developers are attracted to Android platform because anyone is allowed to publish applications on the Android market. Such capability leak vulnerability on the Android platform may lead to permission elevation and privacy disclosure by making malware bypass Android security mechanism. This paper presents a code scanner tool—Droidprotector which is applied to help developers search bugs and focus on the business of applications rather than the security problems. Firstly, Markov blanket is used for feature selection. Secondly, source code is analyzed by a machine-leaning method. Finally, malicious intents and capability leaks are detected. By collecting 3482 applications and 59 source files to learn Markov blanket as the feature set and testing this code scanner tool, the experimental results show that DroidProtector can detect the vulnerability of Android source code effectively by using Markov blanket to select features correctly.
El modelo P* como indicador de la política monetaria en una economía con alta inflación

The objective of this article is to analyze the P- star model in the Mexican economy. The main results of this work indicate the existence of a long term relationship between the price level and the monetary aggregate given by M2. Simultaneously, the empirical evidence does not reject that the sings and the coefficients are in accordance whit the economic theory. However, the tests of weak and strong exogeneity suggest that the relationship between prices and the monetary aggregate is not only in one direction and that it depends on the behavior of the velocity of circulation. This result implies that even if the P* has a good performance as and advance indicator of price level this must be taken whit caution. The gap price model, elaborated using the estimation of P*, gives relevant information to evaluate the future behavior of the growth rate of the inflation. However, more information is necessary in order to specify a model that represents a satisfactory approximation of the data generation process. These results indicate that the P-star model is a useful tool in the monetary policy programming. // El objetivo de este articulo es estimar y evaluar un modelo P* para la economia mexicana. Los principales resultados del trabajo indican que existe una relacion de largo plazo entre precios y el acervo monetario representado por M2. Asimismo, la evidencia empirica no rechaza que los signos y los valores de los coeficientes esten de acuerdo con lo sugerido por la teoria economica. Sin embargo, las pruebas de exogeneidad fuerte indican que la relacion de causalidad entre los precios y el acervo monetario no es unidireccional y que depende del comportamiento de la velocidad de circulacion. Esto implica que si bien el modelo P* se desempena adecuadamente como un indicador adelantado de nivel de precios los resultados deben tomarse con precaucion. El modelo de brecha de precios, elaborado con bases en la estimacion de P*, proporciona informacion pertinente para evaluar el comportamiento futuro de la tasa de crecimiento de la inflacion, sin embargo, se requiere incluir mas informacion para obtener un modelo que se aproxime adecuadamente al proceso generador de informacion. Estos resultados indican que el modelo P* puede representar un instrumento util en la programacion monetaria.
Evidence for active Phloem loading in the minor veins of sugar beet.

Phloem loading in source leaves of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris, L.) was studied to determine the extent of dependence on energy metabolism and the involvement of a carrier system. Dinitrophenol at a concentration of 4 mm uncoupled respiration, lowered source leaf ATP to approximately 40% of the level in the control leaf and inhibited translocation of exogenously supplied (14)C-sucrose to approximately 20% of the control. Dinitrophenol at a concentration of 8 mm inhibited rather than promoted CO(2) production, indicating a mechanism of inhibition other than uncoupling of respiration. The 8 mm dinitrophenol also reduced ATP to approximately 40% of the level in the control source leaf and reduced translocation of exogenous sucrose to approximately 10% of the control. Application of 4 mm ATP to an untreated source leaf promoted the translocation rate by approximately 80% over the control, while in leaves treated with 4 mm dinitrophenol, 4 mm ATP restored translocation to the control level. No recovery of translocation was observed when ATP was applied to leaves treated with 8 mm dinitrophenol. The results indicate an energy-requiring process for both phloem loading and translocation in the source leaf.Application of (14)C-sucrose solutions in a series of concentrations through the upper surface of a source leaf produced a biphasic isotherm for translocation out of the fed region. A similar dual isotherm was obtained for phloem loading with leaf discs floated on (14)C-sucrose solutions. The first and possibly the second phases were attributed to active, carrier-mediated accumulation in the minor vein phloem. Autoradiography of the tissue confirmed that most of the sucrose was localized in the minor veins. Data from uptake through the abraded surface of intact leaves, the most reliable method, were analyzed by the Hofstee method. Kinetic parameters, analogous to Km and V(max) of enzyme studies, were calculated to be: K(j) = 16 mm and J(max) = 70 mug C/min dm(2) or 490 nmoles sucrose/min.dm(2). Rates for phloem loading and translocation of exogenous sucrose are equal to or greater than those observed for compounds derived from photosynthetically fixed CO(2). The data indicate that a free space sucrose concentration in the region of the minor vein phloem of approximately 20 mm can support translocation at the rates commonly observed for photosynthetically produced sugars.
Did Welfare Reform Change the Determinants of Program Participation and Benefit Levels

This paper examines the program participation decision and the determinants of benefit levels for the two major poverty programs, cash transfers and food stamps, before and after the 1996 welfare reforms. While the 1996 reforms ended cash entitlements, the changes to the food stamp program were modest. The data for our study come from the March CPS for 1994 and 1999. We find there is less variation across states in food stamp participation rates and benefit levels than in cash transfers. Southerners are more likely to participate in food stamps yet are less likely to participate in cash transfers. Female heads, the less educated, lower income households, the young, and U.S. citizens are more likely to participate in both programs. Welfare reform has resulted in blacks being no more likely to participate in cash transfers than any other racial group. In addition, welfare reform has eliminated any advantage female heads received in cash benefits. In spite of the reformers efforts to redirect benefits to the most needy, we find that there is no relationship between income and the size of cash transfers.
Cross-language plagiarism of Arabic-English documents using linear logistic regression

Cross-language Plagiarism Detection (CLPD) is used to automatically identify and extract plagiarism among documents in different languages. The main challenge of cross-language plagiarism detection is the difference of text languages, where the original source can be analyzed and translated. This book proposes an Arabic-English cross-language plagiarism detection method by automatically detect the semantic relatedness between the words of two suspect targeted files. The proposed method consists of six phases: The first phase is a pre-processing phase, The second involves keyphrase extraction and translation, The third phase retrieves the candidate document that match with the key phrase of the proposed plagiarism text. The fourth phase is a similarity measurement between the key phrases by measuring the similarity between the original text and plagiarism text, The fifth phase is the classification process using Linear Logistic Regression (LLR) approach and the last phase is an evaluation phase using Precision, Recall and F-measure on dataset consisting of Wikipedia articles. The experimental implementation was down with C# language and achieved excellent results.
THE CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL (CAPM), SHORT‐SALE RESTRICTIONS AND RELATED ISSUES

THE MEAN VARIANCE CAPITAL asset pricing model (CAPM) developed by Sharpe [5] and Lintner [3] has become a focal point for finance. Under conditions of perfection in competitive markets and assumptions that permit us to consider only the means and variances of returns, the CAPM provides an intuitively appealing and empirically testable hypothesis on asset returns. In deriving the CAPM Sharpe [5] and Lintner [3] assumed that there was a riskless asset in the investment opportunity set, and the first significant extension of their work was by Black [1] who showed that the assumption of a riskless asset could be dispensed with. Black's result naturally raised a number of conjectures concerning what occurs with alternative realistic weakenings of the underlying assumptions. For example, do the conclusions of the CAPM still hold if short sales are restricted or if borrowing is penalized on some assets but not on others? This paper has two objectives. First, a very simple and straightforward approach to the CAPM will be taken. Essentially we will show that all of the familiar results follow directly from the observation that the market portfolio, a,m is meanvariance efficient. Second, we will apply this viewpoint to gather together and hopefully resolve a number of desultory questions and problems that have arisen from the above considerations of the original CAPM. This will enable us to better understand the strength or robustness of the CAPM results with respect to changes in the assumptions on which it is based.
Constructive understanding and reproduction of functions of gluteus medius by using a musculoskeletal walking robot

Several factors affect the performance of humanoid walking. One factor is the complex nature of lower limbs, especially the muscles around the pelvis that contribute significantly to the stability and adaptivity of humanoid locomotion. The significance of this muscle group assures a impact on the facility of walking robots once the nature of its contribution is understood, and it can be replicated on robots. To propose a mechanical structure that facilitates walking in robots, we realized a muscle by modeling its pelvis region like that of a humanoid and developing a musculoskeletal humanoid robot. Especially, we focused on the gluteus medius, which is important for the general stability against frontal movements of the hip. Furthermore, it passively changes its influence on such motions; this is helpful during the different phases of locomotion. These changes depend on the alignment of the pelvis and femur. We confirmed the viability of the robotic gluteus medius, which was simplified to a model of two partial muscles by accomplishing the walking using this robot. This accomplishment verifies our hypothesis that using this model, the supporting functionality for the locomotion of the muscle can be reproduced and enhances the biological plausibility.
Bone morphogenetic proteins in tissue engineering: the road from laboratory to clinic, part II (BMP delivery)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are cytokines with a strong effect on bone and cartilage growth and with important roles during embryonic patterning and early skeletal formation. BMPs have promising potential for clinical bone and cartilage repair, working as powerful bone‐inducing components in diverse tissue‐engineering products. Synthetic polymers, natural origin polymers, inorganic materials and composites may be used as carriers for the delivery of BMPs. Carriers range from nanoparticles to complex three‐dimensional (3D) scaffolds, membranes for tissue‐guided regeneration, biomimetic surfaces and smart thermosensitive hydrogels. Current clinical uses include spinal fusion, healing of long bone defects and craniofacial and periodontal applications, amongst others. BMP‐2 and BMP‐7 have recently received approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for specific clinical cases, delivered in absorbable collagen sponges. Considering the expanding number of publications in the field of BMPs, there are prospects of a brilliant future in the field of regenerative medicine of bone and cartilage with the use of BMPs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human Vitamin K 2,3-Epoxide Reductase Complex Subunit 1-like 1 (VKORC1L1) Mediates Vitamin K-dependent Intracellular Antioxidant Function*

Human vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase complex subunit 1-like 1 (VKORC1L1), expressed in HEK 293T cells and localized exclusively to membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum, was found to support both vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase (VKOR) and vitamin K reductase enzymatic activities. Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters for dithiothreitol-driven VKOR activity were: Km (μm) = 4.15 (vitamin K1 epoxide) and 11.24 (vitamin K2 epoxide); Vmax (nmol·mg−1·hr−1) = 2.57 (vitamin K1 epoxide) and 13.46 (vitamin K2 epoxide). Oxidative stress induced by H2O2 applied to cultured cells up-regulated VKORC1L1 expression and VKOR activity. Cell viability under conditions of no induced oxidative stress was increased by the presence of vitamins K1 and K2 but not ubinquinone-10 and was specifically dependent on VKORC1L1 expression. Intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in cells treated with 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone were mitigated in a VKORC1L1 expression-dependent manner. Intracellular oxidative damage to membrane intrinsic proteins was inversely dependent on VKORC1L1 expression and the presence of vitamin K1. Taken together, our results suggest that VKORC1L1 is responsible for driving vitamin K-mediated intracellular antioxidation pathways critical to cell survival.
A 2.7 V, 5.2 GHz frequency synthesizer with 1/2 - subharmonically injection-locked distributed voltage controlled oscillator

A 2.7 volt, 5.2 GHz frequency synthesizer has been implemented. A phase locked loop simultaneously controls the oscillation frequency of both the 2.6 GHz injection source and the 5.2 GHz distributed voltage controlled oscillator. The intrinsic frequency mismatch between the 2.6 GHz voltage controlled oscillator and the 5.2 GHz distributed voltage controlled oscillator is resolved by performing 1/2-subharmonically injection locking on a 5.2 GHz distributed voltage controlled oscillator. The locking range due to various injection powers and harmonic levels are measured. Investigation on the locking characteristic shows that the locking range is not only affected by the fundamental of the injected signal, but also strongly dependent on the magnitude of the second harmonic of the injected signal. The findings provide insight for the design of wide locking range synthesizer. The developed low-voltage frequency synthesizer caters for wireless LAN applications. With slight modifications, the oscillator can be applied to ASIC design.
Conflict Mitigation in Enhancing Discipline in Kenya s Secondary Schools

In any society, conflict is an endemic factor that shapes and determines relationship in all facets of life. Evidently, in a school community, conflicts are bound to occur given the different views, needs and values of the people. The study examines conflict mitigation in enhancing discipline in Kenyan secondary schools and is anchored on human needs theory. The study employed a descriptive survey design and embraced both quantitative and qualitative methods to collect data from secondary school students, head teachers and guidance and counseling officers. The study concluded that the failure to train teachers on skills of conflict management and non involvement of students in decision making, are the causes of conflict in secondary schools. The study recommends that key conflict resolution and peacemaking skills should be introduced in schools and in management and training of teachers. Key Words: Conflict, Management, Strategies, Discipline, and Students
An Alternative Approach to the Problem of CNT Electron Energy Band Structure

We intended to discuss in this chapter, TBM (tight binding method), APW (augmentedplane-wave), OPW (orthogonalized -plane-wave) methods and corresponding theoretical concepts. In particulars, we pay a great attention to the theory of CNT (Carbon Nano Tube), but discuss in less details some conventional band structure models, unless nearly electron approximation (NFA), TBM, APW and OPW models have been used for determining the electron energy band structure of solids. In fact, this chapter is partly based on the many – electron description of nano transistor – CNTFET (carbon nano tube field effect transistor), which was done with a number of MSC and PhD students for a number of years at university of Mazandaran in Iran (See our published papers [1-7] for more details). We hope this chapter can complete the present book and be of interest for researchers whom work in the nano technology and for beginners. Some part of the material may be used in lection course for students. There are actually two different approaches for studying the band spectrum of CNT. In the first view, some researchers believe that carbon atoms are as isolated atoms and consider the CNT potential of neighbor's atoms as a perturbation and neglect the intra atomic potential. The second approach is about the density functional theory (DFT), in that the exact exchange energy (EXX) instead of the exchange energy given by the local – density approximation (LDA). The EXX energy, which corresponds to the Fock term in the HartreeFock scheme, is treated as a function of electron densities via the eigenfunctions of the Kohn-Sham KS equations [8]. This approach cannot satisfy the electron behavior in CNT due to its self-interaction-free in its construction. Indeed, this chapter discusses about electronic band energy. It is an energy interval in which electronic states exist in the CNT. This energy structure has been usually obtained by solving the Schrodinger equation for electrons in the CNT. As usual, the electronic wave functions depend on both the wave vector and the spatial coordinates. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors have been determined by Fourier – transforming the differential equation into an algebraic equation. The solution of this equation can be used for some special cases with some reasonable approximation, such as NFE and TB methods. However, these approaches cannot be used for samples with critical dimensions of less than 100 nm due to overlap integrals in nano scale samples. The reason is that carbon atoms are not in fact stationary, but continually undergo vibrations (like thermal vibrations of ions in a crystal) about their positions, in where, the
A Guide to Treating Ironman Triathletes at the Finish Line

IN BRIEF: The unique physiologic characteristics of an ironman triathlete present challenges to physicians covering ultraendurance events. Cardiovascular emergencies at the finish line are rare. Occult blood in postrace tirine is common but rarely of clinical significance. Medical volunteers must distinguish between signs of dehydration, heatstroke, hyponatremia, and postural hypotension and offer appropriate treatment. Recumbent positioning and oral hydration often suffice to stabilize a conscious collapsed athlete, but serious abnormalities require swift evacuation to a hospital.
Sino‐American labor law comparisons: Where do east and west meet?

Recognizing the difference of labor laws between the U.S. and China, the U.S. parties need to recognize the differences when negotiating and investing in China, because some of the clauses can be settled when signing contracts or agreements. For China’s part, minimum wages are crucial for them to remember when they do business in the U.S.; the good thing is that they do not have to pay holidays that are different from China. Overall, the benefits are tremendous when the differences are recognized in advance of investments, contracts or agreement negotiations. Recognizing the differences between the two labor acts will avoid unnecessary cost and conflicts.
OFDM over wideband ionospheric HF channel: Channel modelling & optimal subcarrier power allocation

Drastic increase in throughput and link reliability requirements over high frequency (HF) long-distance communication backhaul necessities the exploitation of HF ionospheric channels with wider spectrum. While there exist substantial work in modeling of the narrowband (3KHz) HF channel, HF channels with wider bandwidth did not gain same attention. Present paper introduces an OFDM system design over a concatenation of eight standard 3KHz HF communication channels resulting an overall of 24KHz channel. First, we provide an accurate channel model for such wideband HF channel that relies on the well-known Watterson channel model that is known to be accurate up to 12KHz. We provide a staggered version of the Watterson channel model which covers the entire 24KHz bandwidth. We provide a special OFDM symbol design tailored for the presented channel model. Optimal power allocation among data subcarriers is also derived. We derive the optimal water pouring power allocation policy that takes into consideration the non-linearity of the Radio power amplifier inherited in such low frequency communication link. Simulation results show the advantage of the derived power allocation policy over the equal power allocation one.
The Design of Auctions and Tenders with Quality Thresholds: The Symmetric Case

Three designs of auctions with quality thresholds are considered. The quality threshold is not known with certainty by the bidders. In one scheme, quality plans submitted by potential bidders are evaluated first and price bids for only those plans that have been approved are invited. The second scheme has price bids first to yield a priority for scrutinizing quality. A third has simultaneous decisions on price and quality. The model yields an equivalence result. The use of reserve prices to produce social optimality is then investigated. The theory is used to discuss the recent auction for U.K. television franchises. Copyright 1994 by Royal Economic Society.
ESCAF for MTBF, Time Evolution, Sensitivity Coefficients, Cut-Set Importance, and Non-Coherence of Large Systems

ESCAF - an "Electronic Simulator to Compute and Analyze Failures" ¿ is a commercially available desktop apparatus, now in wide use, which employs special electronic circuit boards to simulate and analyze a system by methods and procedures that are easy to learn and apply by engineers with only very limited knowledge of electronics or computing. The apparatus has been used mainly to determine the cut sets and failure probabilities of very large systems, with up to 416 components, offering possibilities well beyond those of conventional methods of analysis. This article defines new parameters that can be calculated by ESCAF, including novel parameters (degree of non-coherence). It also explains how ESCAF determines, for systems of any complexity, measures that were previously inaccessible for other than very simple systems: ¿ Mean time between failures, mean time to failure, mean time to repair, failure and repair intensities, and equivalent failure or repair rates as a function of time, ¿ Time-derivative of the unavailability and/or failure probability, ¿ Sensitivity coefficients indicating the importance of each component in probability calculation, ¿ Importance of each minimal cut set (for coherent systems), ¿ Whether a system is coherent or not. The first three results can be obtained regardless of system coherency. All results are obtained very simply and very rapidly.