Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Turbidity Caused by Dredging; Viewed in Perspective

Over the past decade there has been increasing awareness of the environmental impact of dredging, and in particular, one of the side effects receiving attention was the extra turbidity of resuspended waterbed material occurring whilst dredging. With the help of environmental impact assessments a great deal of knowledge about ”turbidity caused by dredging” has been acquired in The Netherlands. However many measurements must be considered in order to provide answers to whether or not turbidity has adverse impacts. How a dredging technique is applied is of utmost importance. The background turbidity, collapse times, and resuspension must be considered. But analyses need to be localised and specific to a certain situation. This paper is the result of the work of the project group, Environmental Effects of Dredging, a joint effort of several organisations in dredging-related industries and the Netherlands Government. At present some 35 standardised turbidity measurements have been executed around various dredging techniques. Photographs are used courtesy of Delft Hydraulics.
Paleokarstic Features and Thermal Overprints Observed in Some of the Arbuckle Cores in Oklahoma

This paper consists of two parts. Part I is a reprint of an earlier paper, "Evidence of Paleokarstic Phenomena and Burial Diagenesis in the Ordovician Arbuckle Group of Oklahoma," published as part of Circular 92, by the Oklahoma Geological Survey in 1991. It includes detailed descriptions and analyses of paleokarstic features observed in several Arbuckle reservoirs in Oklahoma. It also provides concise evidence concerning the thermal overprints as manifested by dolomitization and other diagenetic patterns. Part II of this report includes a detailed description of eight cores examined in this study. The petrographic, sedimentological, isotopic, and fluid-inclusion data obtained from Part II were utilized to construct various models concerning the genesis of karstification phenomenon in the Arbuckle rocks, as well as to understand various diagenetic patterns which evolved during the burial of these rocks. These analyses and models were examined in Part I of this report. Abstract Cores of Ordovician-age Arbuckle Group carbonates from Oklahoma were examined for evidence of paleokarst. The depositional and diagenetic fabric of the rock was analyzed and compared with outcrop analogs to illustrate the nature of sedimentary, karstic, and diagenetic facies. Burial diagenesis and hydrothermal alteration have in many cases obscured the original fabric of these rocks. Arbuckle rocks in different tectonic settings and stratigraphic intervals in the subsurface of south-central and north-central Oklahoma display surprisingly similar suites of karstic and diagenetic Dissolution cavities, solution-enlarged fractures, breccias, and vugular present many and attest the predominance of fabric-destructive Arbuckle
The Cenozoic climatic and topographic evolution of the western North American Cordillera

Herein we present oxygen isotope records from Cretaceous to Recent terrestrial sediments in the western North American Cordillera. The purpose of this analysis is to use oxygen isotope records to understand the coupled surface elevation and climate histories of this region through the Cenozoic. To do this we constructed δ18O maps of surface waters for time intervals that trace the development of topography of western North America. These maps are based on 4861 oxygen isotope analyses from both published (4478) and new (383) data. We determined the δ18O values of surface waters using paleotemperatures derived previously from floral assemblages and the appropriate isotope fractionation factors. These data suggest that in the late Cretaceous to early Eocene the Sevier hinterland formed a plateau of unknown height. Around 50 Ma, a topographic wave developed in British Columbia and eastern Washington that swept southward reaching northeastern Nevada at ∼40 to 38 Ma, and southern Nevada ∼23 Ma. This southward encroachment of an Eocene Plateau (SWEEP) caused reorganization of drainage patterns such that the intraforeland basins of Wyoming and Utah drainages extended deep within the Sevier hinterland as the wave swept southward. The landscape within the Sevier hinterland developed into a rugged and high mountain range with the hypsometric mean elevation of ∼4 km and relief of ∼1.5 km. This Eocene highland was bordered on the west by a high Sierra Nevada ramp and on the east by the intraforeland basins that captured water draining these growing highlands. The spatial and temporal evolution of this highland correlates with the timing of volcanism and extension. These observations support tectonic models that call for north to south removal of the Farallon slab or piecemeal removal of mantle lithosphere. The isotopic data show that prior to growth of this highland the North American Monsoon (NAM) penetrated much farther north in the Paleocene/Eocene than today. The combined effects of global cooling, increasing latitudinal temperature gradients, and the generation of the orographic barrier created by the growing north to south highland produced a southward migration of the NAM front. By the Oligocene the hydrologic regime that we observe today was in place. It has been modified since then as a result of Basin and Range extension and collapse of the highlands in the mid-Miocene. This collapse allowed the NAM to penetrate farther north into the Great Basin of Nevada and Utah.
Land Subsidence Near Oil and Gas Fields, Houston, Texasa

Subsidence profiles across 29 oil and gas fields in the 12,200-km2 Houston, Texas, regional subsidence area, which is caused by decline of ground-water level, suggest that the contribution of petroleum withdrawal to local land subsidence is small. Despite large volumes of petroleum production, subsidence at most fields was not increased by oil and gas withdrawal. Local increases of subsidence were detected at only six fields—Alco-Mag, Chocolate Bayou, Goose Creek, Hastings, Mykawa, and South Houston. With the exception of the 1-m subsidence from 1917 to 1925 at Goose Creek, differential subsidence across oil and gas fields was smaller by a factor of two or more than subsidence caused by aquifer compaction. At four fields—Barbers Hill, Cedar Bayou, Humble, and Pierce Junction—subsidence was substantially less than in the surrounding area. Except for Cedar Bayou, these fields are associated with shallow salt domes that partly occupy the aquifer system; for the three fields, subsidence during the periods of record came to less than half the subsidence in the surrounding area. In addition to land subsidence, faults with an aggregate length of more than 240 km (150 mi) have offset the land surface in historical time. Natural geologic deformation, ground-water pumping, and petroleum withdrawal have all been considered as potential causes of the historical offset across these faults. The minor amount of localized land subsidence associated with oil and gas fields, however, suggests that petroleum withdrawal is not a major cause of the historical faulting, at least by a differential compaction mechanism.
Microbial flooding in Guan 69 Block, Dagang Oilfield

With water cut rising up, the effect of water flooding on the recovery of the Guan 69 fault-block in Dagang Oilfield became worse. The same amount of microbaterial seeds is injected in each of the 4 injection wells. The DG002 and N80 with special effect on gel is used in the front plug, the N80 is applied in the main and the final plug. Two of the 4 testing well groups got better effects with slower yield decline and stable production performance. The yield of guan 69-8 is up to 23.3 (t/d) from original 21.88 t/d and the water cut of the Guan 69-21 decrease to 93.7% from original 95.6%.
Pathologic complete response prediction in breast cancer lesion segmentation and neoadjuvant therapy

Objectives Predicting whether axillary lymph nodes could achieve pathologic Complete Response (pCR) after breast cancer patients receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy helps make a quick follow-up treatment plan. This paper presents a novel method to achieve this prediction with the most effective medical imaging method, Dynamic Contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI). Methods In order to get an accurate prediction, we first proposed a two-step lesion segmentation method to extract the breast cancer lesion region from DCE-MRI images. With the segmented breast cancer lesion region, we then used a multi-modal fusion model to predict the probability of axillary lymph nodes achieving pCR. Results We collected 361 breast cancer samples from two hospitals to train and test the proposed segmentation model and the multi-modal fusion model. Both segmentation and prediction models obtained high accuracy. Conclusion The results show that our method is effective in both the segmentation task and the pCR prediction task. It suggests that the presented methods, especially the multi-modal fusion model, can be used for the prediction of treatment response in breast cancer, given data from noninvasive methods only.
Journal of Double Star Observations V5, No4

In 2009, Kisselev et al. proposed an orbital solution –– with a period of 490 centuries –– for the double star system STF 619. Based on the parallaxes of the stars in STF 619 according to Gaia Data Release 2, the stars are at least one parsec apart. Moreover, their relative velocity is roughly 200 times that of the system’s escape velocity. Thus, they are likely gravitationally independent. Furthermore, Scardia et al. proposed a linear solution that appears more plausible than Kisselev et al.’s orbital solution based on a polynomial Excel trendline of the unweighted historical measurements. However, because of the similarity of the linear and orbital fits over the short arc of observations, there is still uncertainty. We also made our own measurements of STF 619’s position on March 1, 2019; we found the separation and position angle to be 4.04 arcseconds ± 0.019 (1 ± SEM) and 158.5° ± 0.573 (1 ± SEM), respectively. Vol. 16 No. 2 April 1, 2020 Page 106 Journal of Double Star Observations Reevaluating Double Star STF 619 STF 619’s Classification as Physical In his paper on the European Space Agency’s Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2), Richard Harshaw describes four factors that can be used to estimate “physicality” –– that is, the likelihood that a double star system is physically related (Harshaw, 2018). He calculated the distance between the stars, their relative proper motions, the R2 values of linear versus polynomial fits, and relative radial velocities in comparison to escape velocity. To finally estimate the system’s physicality, each factor was weighted. To be classified as a physical system, the stars must have similar parallaxes. Because the parallaxes came from Gaia DR2, Harshaw weighted this factor at 75%. A 10% weight was given to proper motion, 10% to R2 fit, and 5% to relative radial velocity analysis. After the calculations and weighted factors were applied to all the double stars in the WDS, the stars were sorted into classes as shown in Table 1. STF 619 was categorized as “Y? ,” meaning it has 65% to 85% likelihood of being physical. Previous Solutions Kisselev et al. proposed the currently accepted orbital solution for STF 619 in 2009 using the method of apparent motion parameters (Kisselev, 2009). Figure 2 shows his orbital solution as listed in the WDS catalog. The green data points were measured via micrometer, Figure 1. Position of STF 619 (indicated by white marker) relative to the constellations Auriga and Perseus.
The Late Cenozoic Eridanos delta system in the Southern North Sea Basin: a climate signal in sediment supply?

ABSTRACT The Eridanos fluvio‐deltaic system, draining most of north‐western Europe, developed during the Late Cenozoic as a result of simultaneous uplift of the Fennoscandian shield and accelerated subsidence in the North Sea Basin. This seismo‐stratigraphic study aims to reconstruct the large‐scale depositional architecture of the deltaic portion of the basin fill and relate it to external controls. A total of 27 units have been recognized. They comprise over 62×103 km3 in the Southern North Sea Basin alone, and have an average delta surface area of 28×103 km2, which suggests that the size of the drainage area was about 1.1×106 km2. Water depth in the depocentre is seen to decrease systematically over time. This trend is interrupted by a deepening phase between 6.5 and 4.5 Ma that can be correlated with the simultaneous occurrence of increased uplift of the Fennoscandian shield, increased subsidence of the Southern North Sea Basin, and a long‐term eustatic highstand. All these observations point to a tectonic control on long‐term average rates of accommodation and supply. Controls on short‐term variations are inferred from variations in rates of sediment supply and bifurcation of the delta channel network. Both rates were initially low under warm, moist, relatively stable climate conditions. The straight wave‐dominated delta front gradually developed into a lobate fluvial‐dominated delta front. Two high‐amplitude sea‐level falls affected the Pliocene units, which are characterized by widespread delta‐front failures. Changes in relative sea level and climate became more frequent from the late Pliocene onward, as the system experienced the effects of glacial–interglacial transitions. Peaks in sedimentation and bifurcation rates were coeval with cold (glacial) conditions. The positive correlation between rates of supply and bifurcation on the one hand, and climate proxies (pollen and δ18O records) on the other hand is highly significant. The evidence presented in this study convincingly demonstrates the control of climate on time‐averaged sediment supply and channel‐network characteristics, despite the expected nonuniformity and time lags in system response. The presence of a clearly discernible climate signal in time‐averaged sediment supply illustrates the usefulness of integrated seismo‐stratigraphic studies for basin‐wide analysis of delta evolution on geological time scales.
Potential sources of nitrous acid (HONO) and their impacts on ozone: A WRF‐Chem study in a polluted subtropical region

Current chemical transport models commonly undersimulate the atmospheric concentration of nitrous acid (HONO), which plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry, due to the lack or inappropriate representations of some sources in the models. In the present study, we parameterized up‐to‐date HONO sources into a state‐of‐the‐art three‐dimensional chemical transport model (Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry: WRF‐Chem). These sources included (1) heterogeneous reactions on ground surfaces with the photoenhanced effect on HONO production, (2) photoenhanced reactions on aerosol surfaces, (3) direct vehicle and vessel emissions, (4) potential conversion of NO2 at the ocean surface, and (5) emissions from soil bacteria. The revised WRF‐Chem was applied to explore the sources of the high HONO concentrations (0.45–2.71 ppb) observed at a suburban site located within complex land types (with artificial land covers, ocean, and forests) in Hong Kong. With the addition of these sources, the revised model substantially reproduced the observed HONO levels. The heterogeneous conversions of NO2 on ground surfaces dominated HONO sources contributing about 42% to the observed HONO mixing ratios, with emissions from soil bacterial contributing around 29%, followed by the oceanic source (~9%), photochemical formation via NO and OH (~6%), conversion on aerosol surfaces (~3%), and traffic emissions (~2%). The results suggest that HONO sources in suburban areas could be more complex and diverse than those in urban or rural areas and that the bacterial and/or ocean processes need to be considered in HONO production in forested and/or coastal areas. Sensitivity tests showed that the simulated HONO was sensitive to the uptake coefficient of NO2 on the surfaces. Incorporation of the aforementioned HONO sources significantly improved the simulations of ozone, resulting in increases of ground‐level ozone concentrations by 6–12% over urban areas in Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta region. This result highlights the importance of accurately representing HONO sources in simulations of secondary pollutants over polluted regions.
New Insights into the TIFY Gene Family of Brassica napus and Its Involvement in the Regulation of Shoot Branching

As plant-specific transcription factors, the TIFY family genes are involved in the responses to a series of biotic and abiotic stresses and the regulation of the development of multiple organs. To explore the potential roles of the TIFY gene family in shoot branching, which can shape plant architecture and finally determine seed yield, we conducted comprehensive genome-wide analyses of the TIFY gene family in Brassica napus. Here, HMMER search and BLASTp were used to identify the TIFY members. A total of 70 TIFY members were identified and divided into four subfamilies based on the conserved domains and motifs. These TIFY genes were distributed across 19 chromosomes. The predicted subcellular localizations revealed that most TIFY proteins were located in the nucleus. The tissue expression profile analyses indicated that TIFY genes were highly expressed in the stem, flower bud, and silique at the transcriptional level. High-proportioned activation of the dormant axillary buds on stems determined the branch numbers of rapeseed plants. Here, transcriptome analyses were conducted on axillary buds in four sequential developing stages, that is, dormant, temporarily dormant, being activated, and elongating (already activated). Surprisingly, the transcription of the majority of TIFY genes (65 of the 70) significantly decreased on the activation of buds. GO enrichment analysis and hormone treatments indicated that the transcription of TIFY family genes can be strongly induced by jasmonic acid, implying that the TIFY family genes may be involved in the regulation of jasmonic acid-mediated branch development. These results shed light on the roles of TIFY family genes in plant architecture.
Dendrimers: Exploring Their Wide Structural Variety and Applications

Dendrimers constitute a distinctive category of synthetic materials that bear resemblance to proteins in various aspects, such as discrete structural organization, globular morphology, and nanoscale dimensions. Remarkably, these attributes coexist with the capacity for facile large-scale production. Due to these advantages, the realm of dendrimers has undergone substantial advancement since their inception in the 1980s. Numerous reviews have been dedicated to elucidating this subject comprehensively, delving into the properties and applications of quintessential dendrimer varieties like PAMAM, PPI, and others. Nevertheless, the contemporary landscape of dendrimers transcends these early paradigms, witnessing the emergence of a diverse array of novel dendritic architectures in recent years. In this review, we aim to present a comprehensive panorama of the expansive domain of dendrimers. As such, our focus lies in discussing the key attributes and applications of the predominant types of dendrimers existing today. We will commence with the conventional variants and progressively delve into the more pioneering ones, including Janus, supramolecular, shape-persistent, and rotaxane dendrimers.
Combined analysis of digital terrain models and remotely sensed data in landscape investigations

This article presents a review of the combined analysis of digital terrain models (DTMs) and remotely sensed data in landscape investigations. The utilization of remotely sensed data with DTMs has become an important trend in geomatics in the past two decades. Models of more than ten quantitative topographic variables are employed as ancillary data in the treatment of images. The article reviews the methods for DTM derivation and the basic problems of DTM operation that are important for handling DTMs with imagery, namely: 1) the choice of a DTM network type; 2) DTM resolution; 3) DTM accuracy; and 4) the precise superimposition of DTMs and images. The processing of remotely sensed data and DTMs in combination is used in the following procedures: 1) the image correction of the topographic effect; 2) the correction of geometric image distortion; 3) image classification; 4) statistical and comparative analyses of landscape data; and 5) three-dimensional landscape modelling. These procedures are applied to solve a wide range of problems in geobotany, geochemistry, soil science, geology, glaciology and other sciences. The joint use of imagery and DTMs can increase the total amount of information extracted from both types of data. The trend has been towards the incorporation of the combined analysis of remotely sensed data and DTMs into mixed environmental models. The following potential applications of the treatment of imagery in association with DTMs are identified: 1) the prediction of the migration and accumulation zones of water, mineral and organic substances moved by gravity along the land surface and in the soil; 2) the investigation of the relationships between topographically expressed geological structures and landscape properties; 3) the improvement of geological engineering in industrial planning (e.g., the construction of nuclear power stations, oil and gas pipelines and canals); and 4) the monitoring of existing industries. Digital models of plan, profile, mean and total accumulation curvatures, and nonlocal and combined topographic attributes should be included in data processing both to solve the problems indicated and to improve the outcome of some regular tasks (for example, the prediction of soil moisture distribution and fault recognition).
Evolution of the stable carbon isotope composition of atmospheric CO2 over the last glacial cycle

We present new δ¹³C measurements of atmospheric CO₂ covering the last glacial/interglacial cycle, complementing previous records covering Terminations I and II. Most prominent in the new record is a significant depletion in δ¹³C(atm) of 0.5‰ occurring during marine isotope stage (MIS) 4, followed by an enrichment of the same magnitude at the beginning of MIS 3. Such a significant excursion in the record is otherwise only observed at glacial terminations, suggesting that similar processes were at play, such as changing sea surface temperatures, changes in marine biological export in the Southern Ocean (SO) due to variations in aeolian iron fluxes, changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, upwelling of deep water in the SO, and long-term trends in terrestrial carbon storage. Based on previous modeling studies, we propose constraints on some of these processes during specific time intervals. The decrease in δ¹³C(atm) at the end of MIS 4 starting approximately 64 kyr B.P. was accompanied by increasing [CO₂]. This period is also marked by a decrease in aeolian iron flux to the SO, followed by an increase in SO upwelling during Heinrich event 6, indicating that it is likely that a large amount of δ¹³C-depleted carbon was transferred to the deep oceans previously, i.e., at the onset of MIS 4. Apart from the upwelling event at the end of MIS 4 (and potentially smaller events during Heinrich events in MIS 3), upwelling of deep water in the SO remained reduced until the last glacial termination, whereupon a second pulse of isotopically light carbon was released into the atmosphere.