Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Occurrence of Subsequent Malignancy in Patients Presenting with Deep Vein Thrombosis: Results from a Historical Cohort Study

Summary Background: Several studies have reported that patients who present with idiopathic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) have an increased risk of subsequently developing cancer. A clinical trial had previously been conducted examining the optimal duration of oral anticoagulant therapy following initial heparin treatment in patients with proximal DVT. Methods: A historical cohort study was performed on patients enrolled in the duration of anticoagulant trial. Patients known to have cancer at the time of entry into the trial were excluded. The qualifying DVTs were classified as idiopathic (no known associated risk factors) or secondary without knowledge of subsequent recurrent venous thrombosis or cancer. The patients were then followed for the development of cancer. Results: Thirteen (8.6%) of the 152 patients in the idiopathic cohort subsequently developed cancer compared to eight (7.1%) of 112 patients in the secondary cohort, P = 0.86. Two (5.4%) of 37 patients with recurrent venous thromboembolism and 19 (8.4%) of 227 patients without recurrent thromboembolism developed cancer, P = 0.7. Conclusion: Our study did not detect an increased risk of subsequent cancer in patients presenting with idiopathic DVT compared to secondary DVT; nor did we detect an increased incidence of cancer in patients with recurrent venous thromboembolism. Further studies are required prior to pursuing a policy of aggressive screening for cancer in patients with idiopathic venous thromboembolism.
Harnessing natural selection to tackle the problem of prey naïveté

Many populations are threatened or endangered because of excessive predation resulting from individuals' inability to recognize, avoid, or escape alien predators. Such prey naïveté is often attributed to the absence of prior experience and co‐evolution between native prey and introduced predators. Many reintroduction programs focus on reducing predation rate by excluding introduced predators, a focus which ignores, and indeed exacerbates, the problem of prey naïveté. We argue for a new paradigm in reintroduction biology that expands the focus from predator control to kick‐starting learning and evolutionary processes between alien predators and reintroduced prey. By exposing reintroduced prey to carefully controlled levels of alien predators, in situ predation could enhance reintroduction success by facilitating acquisition of learned antipredator responses and through natural selection for appropriate antipredator traits. This in situ predator exposure should be viewed as a long‐term process but is likely to be the most efficient and expedient way to improve prey responses and assist in broadscale recovery of threatened species.
Escaping Information Poverty through Internet Newsgroups

This paper presents an ongoing investigation into how people use the Internet in an attempt to escape situations of information poverty. We consider posts from a variety of newsgroups which indicate that individuals feel they have nowhere else to go to find information or support for concerns crucial to their everyday lives. A qualitative content analysis is performed to examine three main issues: what information needs people posting to these groups have, who they hide these needs from in the ‘real world’, and why they feel they can only express their needs online. Preliminary findings show that information on health and relationships is most commonly sought. Needs are most often hidden from parents and family, and the main reasons for seeking information online are a lack of understanding and the fact that people simply don’t know where else to go. Our work confirms that newsgroups provide a means of expression for those who feel they have no local support available to them.
Assessing the benefits of incorporating function clone detection in a development process

The aim of the experiment presented in this paper is to present an insight into the evaluation of the potential benefits of introducing a function clone detection technology in an industrial software development process. To take advantage of function clone detection, two modifications to the software development process are presented. Our experiment consists of evaluating the impact that these proposed changes would have had on a specific software system if they had been applied over a 3 year period (involving 10000 person-months), where 6 subsequent versions of the software under study were released. The software under study is a large telecommunication system. In total 89 million lines of code have been analyzed. A first result showed that, against our expectations, a significant number of clones are being removed from the system over time. However, this effort is insufficient to prevent the growth of the overall number of clones in the system. In this context the first process change would have added value. We have also found that the second process change would have provided programmers with a significant number of opportunities for correcting problems before customers experienced them. This result shows a potential for improving the software system quality and customer satisfaction
Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Hepatitis C Virus-Induced B-Cell Lymphomagenesis

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is probably the most common chronic viral infection and affects an estimated 180 million people worldwide, accounting for 3% of the global population. Although the liver is considered to be the primary target, extrahepatic manifestations are well recognized among patients with chronic HCV infection. Epidemiological studies have clearly demonstrated a correlation between chronic HCV infection and occurrence of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (B-NHL). The clinical evidence that antiviral therapy has a significant role in the treatment at least of some HCV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders, especially indolent B-NHL, further supports the existence of an etiopathogenetic link. However, the mechanisms exploited by HCV to induce B-cell lymphoproliferation have so far not completely clarified. It is conceivable that different biological mechanisms, namely, chronic antigen stimulation, high-affinity interaction between HCV-E2 protein and its cellular receptors, direct HCV infection of B-cells, and “hit and run” transforming events, may be combined themselves and cooperate in a multifactorial model of HCV-associated lymphomagenesis.
SPACE , PLACE AND CRIME : HOT SPOT AREAS AND HOT PLACES OF LIQUOR-RELATED CRIME

This chapter examines the relationships among place, space and the specific situations of Chicago taverns and liquor stores and crimes in those places, and suggests applications of these findings for crime prevention. With a GeoArchive data set of police, census and liquor license information from January to June 1993, we identify the densest concentrations (Hot Spot Areas) of places, events occurring at those places, and incidents occurring in the surrounding areas; compare place and space attributes of the 49 high-incident places to a sample of 49 low-incident places; and examine the relationship between places and incidents in two police districts. Three types of places emerged, each of which had a different relationship to crime attraction, generation, and control and each of which would require different strategies for intervention. The high-crime levels at these places reflect the general crime pattern of the area. A program of intensive police and citizen patrols to reduce street crime in such an area is currently being
Model fusion of conditional random fields

This paper introduces two model fusion methods on a series of sub-models of Conditional Random Fields (CRFs): majority voting and feature fusion. The former performs on the results of each participant without any consideration about the underlying details of each sub-model, and the latter takes place on feature level to produce modified feature weights of CRFs to merge all sub-models into a single one. Experiments on syntactic data and part-of-speech tagging problem shows that by dividing training corpus into small parts and using model fusion techniques, comparable results will be achieved.
Working Memory Modulation of Frontoparietal Network Connectivity in First-Episode Schizophrenia

Working memory (WM) impairment is regarded as a core aspect of schizophrenia. However, the neural mechanisms behind this cognitive deficit remain unclear. The connectivity of a frontoparietal network is known to be important for subserving WM. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the current study investigated whether WM-dependent modulation of effective connectivity in this network is affected in a group of first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients compared with similarly performing healthy participants during a verbal n-back task. Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) of the coupling between regions (left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), left inferior parietal lobe (IPL), and primary visual area) identified in a psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis was performed to characterize effective connectivity during the n-back task. The PPI analysis revealed that the connectivity between the left IFG and left IPL was modulated by WM and that this modulation was reduced in FES patients. The subsequent DCM analysis confirmed this modulation by WM and found evidence that FES patients had reduced forward connectivity from IPL to IFG. These findings provide evidence for impaired WM modulation of frontoparietal effective connectivity in the early phase of schizophrenia, even with intact WM performance, suggesting a failure of context-sensitive coupling in the schizophrenic brain.
EPITHERMAL MANGANESE MINERALIZATION, KIMOLOS ISLAND, SOUTH AEGEAN VOLCANIC ARC, GREECE

Manganese mineralization is hosted by a marine monomictic, lithic volcaniclastic breccia, possibly an andesitic in situ hyaloclastite, and shallow-marine or subaerial epiclastic conglomerates, in the Korakies area, NE Kimolos, active south Aegean volcanic arc. Old mine workings (in the form of rubble, adit and shaft), and abandoned rail and ship loading facilities, exist in the area. Mineralization occurs as a quartz/chalcedony vein system filling extensional NNE-SSW–trending faults and fractures, of Pliocene age. Maximum vein width reaches 5 m; length may extend to 250 m. The ore shares strong textural analogies with volcanic-hosted epithermal-style deposits, i.e. crustiform banding, vugs, hydrothermal breccias, cockade and comb textures. Vein wall rocks are hydrothermally altered to quartz-adularia±illite, chlorite and barite. Pyrolusite, hollandite, cryptomelane, and coronadite are the main ore minerals, with quartz, chalcedony, jasper and barite gangue. Ore samples contain up to 25.8 % MnO2, 14.7 % FeOTOT, 2860 ppm Zn, 1132 ppm Pb and 136 ppm Cu; Mn and Zn show mutual positive correlation (r=0.61). Trace element enrichment (i.e. Zn, Pb, and Cu) may suggest a proximal base metal sulfide mineralization. Concentrations of 4.3 % Na, 0.09 % Mg and barite presence may suggest genetic involvement of sea water. The mineralization studied is similar to volcanic-hosted low-sulfidation epithermal ore deposits deposited from neutral pH fluids. This is a rare example of a vein-type epithermal-style hydrothermal manganese deposit formed in a marine environment.
Clinical and pathological tools for identifying microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer

Aim To assess practical accuracy of revised Bethesda criteria (BGrev), pathological predictive model (MsPath), and histopathological parameters for detection of high-frequency of microsatellite instability (MSI-H) phenotype in patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Method Tumors from 150 patients with CRC were analyzed for MSI using a fluorescence-based pentaplex polymerase chain reaction technique. For all patients, we evaluated age, sex, family history of cancer, localization, tumor differentiation, mucin production, lymphocytic infiltration (TIL), and Union for International Cancer Control stage. Patients were classified according to the BGrev, and the groups were compared. The utility of the BGrev, MsPath, and clinical and histopathological parameters for predicting microsatellite tumor status were assessed by univariate logistic regression analysis and by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, and positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values. Results Fifteen out of 45 patients who met and 4 of 105 patients who did not meet the BGrev criteria had MSI-H CRC. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for BGrev were 78.9%, 77%, 30%, and 70%, respectively. MSI histology (the third BGrev criterion without age limit) was as sensitive as BGrev, but more specific. MsPath model was more sensitive than BGrev (86%), with similar specificity. Any BGrev criterion fulfillment, mucinous differentiation, and right-sided CRC were singled out as independent factors to identify MSI-H colorectal cancer. Conclusion The BGrev, MsPath model, and MSI histology are useful tools for selecting patients for MSI testing.
Speaker Adaptation Based on PARAFAC2 of Transformation Matrices for Continuous Speech Recognition

We present an acoustic model adaptation method where the transformation matrix for a new speaker is given by the product of bases and a weight matrix. The bases are built from the parallel factor analysis 2 (PARAFAC2) of training speakers’ transformation matrices. We perform continuous speech recognition experiments using the WSJ0 corpus. key words: maximum likelihood linear regression, parallel factor analysis, PARAFAC2, speaker adaptation, speech recognition
A Survey of Control Issues in Nanopositioning

Nanotechnology is the science of understanding matter and the control of matter at dimensions of 100 nm or less. Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering, and technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulation of matter at this level of precision. An important aspect of research in nanotechnology involves precision control and manipulation of devices and materials at a nanoscale, i.e., nanopositioning. Nanopositioners are precision mechatronic systems designed to move objects over a small range with a resolution down to a fraction of an atomic diameter. The desired attributes of a nanopositioner are extremely high resolution, accuracy, stability, and fast response. The key to successful nanopositioning is accurate position sensing and feedback control of the motion. This paper presents an overview of nanopositioning technologies and devices emphasizing the key role of advanced control techniques in improving precision, accuracy, and speed of operation of these systems.
Wind generation impact on synchronous generator heating

Renewable energy is the future of energy generation. As wind turbine is big part of this energy revolution, research of its impact to current electrical power grid is of paramount importance. Wind speed varies periodically and geographically. This variability of wind power generation needs to be compensated by the conventional generators. In doing so, the temperature of the generators increased in greater rate than usual where wind power is not part of the grid. The aim of the paper investigate and analyze problem related to conventional generator temperature increase due to fluctuation generation of wind energy.
Third person's footsteps enhanced moving sensation of seated person

The present paper describes the system to present a pseudo-walking sensation to a sitting participant. The vibration was added to the heel and toe to imitate cutaneous sensation of the sole during walking. The sound of footsteps was also provided to the participant through headphones simultaneously. In this sound presentation, we used a spatial sound of footsteps of another walker as well as own footstep sound. Another walker's sound was moved along several trajectories in a VR space. We conducted an experiment to elucidate the effect of third person's footstep sound moved differently on the walking sensation of a participant. The result showed that third person's sound enhanced not only walking sensation but also translational sensation of a sitting participant. Furthermore, the effect was the highest when third person's sound came from front to backward of the participant in a VR space.
Open‐circuit sodium and chloride fluxes across isolated opercular epithelia from the teleost Fundulus heteroclitus.

1. The Na+ and Cl‐ fluxes across opercular epithelia from sea water‐adapted Fundulus heteroclitus were measured in vitro under open‐circuit conditions while bathed on the mucosa with sea water and the serosa with Ringer solution. 2. The mean predicted Na+ flux ratio was 0.94 +/‐ 0.08 and the observed ratio was 1.14 +/‐ 0.12 (n = 15; mean +/‐ S.E. of mean). The difference in these means was not significant (P greater than 0.20). The mean predicted Cl‐ flux ratio was 11.4 +/‐ 0.9 and the mean observed ratio was 1.38 +/‐ 0.27 (n = 10). The difference in these means was significant (P less than 0.001). 3. Ouabain, at 10(‐6) M in the serosal solution, produced a significant (P less than 0.01) reduction in the Na+ efflux while having no significant (P greater than 0.40) effect on the Na+ influx. The agreement between the predicted (1.70 +/‐ 0.14) and observed (1.72 +/‐ 0.18) Na+ flux ratios after ouabain treatment suggested that this effect could be completely attributed to the depolarization of the epithelium secondary to ATPase inhibition. 4. beta‐adrenergic activation by isoprenaline stimulated the Cl‐ efflux 24.2% and alpha‐adrenergic activation by noradrenaline inhibited the Cl‐ efflux 66.5%. These changes occurred oppositely to those predicted by the changes in the electrical gradient produced by these agents, while the changes in the Cl‐ influxes corresponded to the electrical changes. Short‐circuit experiments confirmed these effects on the Cl‐ efflux and the lack of effects on the Cl‐ influx. 5. The results suggested that Na+ was near theromodynamic equilibrium and that the unidirectional fluxes were passive. The effects of alpha‐ and beta‐adrenergic activation suggested that the active Cl‐ secretion may be antagonistically regulated by catecholamines.
Frequency of the toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 gene in methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from teaching hospitals in Shiraz, Iran.

INTRODUCTION Staphylococcus aureus produces a range of virulence factors such as toxic shock syndrome toxin-1. METHODS In this cross-sectional study of 345 clinical S. aureus isolates, the presence of the tst gene was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS The study revealed 53/345 (15.4%) isolates were positive for the tst gene. The tst gene was present in 18.1% of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates and 11.6% of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates (p = 0.136). CONCLUSIONS These results reveal the remarkable risk of S. aureus infections in hospitals, regardless of methicillin-resistance status.
Expression of α4, αv, β1 and β3 integrins during the implantation window on blastocyst of a mouse model of polycystic ovarian syndromes

Background: It has been hypothesized that blastocyst integrin expression changes can affect the spontaneous miscarriage in polycystic ovarian syndromes (PCOS). Objective: In this study, the profile of integrin genes and proteins was investigated on blastocyst of the PCOS experimental mouse model. Materials and Methods: 30 NMRI female mice were equally divided into 3 groups: control, experimental [PCOS that was injected estradiol valerate (40 mg/kg)]. After 8 weeks, each group was hyper stimulated by PMSG and HCG. Vaginal plaque was checked, and mice were investigated 5 days after the test. Progesterone and estradiol levels were determined; α4, αv, β1 and β3 integrin genes and protein of blastocysts were examined by real time PCR method and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results: Estradiol level was significantly increased (p≤0.035) in PCOS group. Based on our finding, the ratio of genes' expressions αv, β3, β1 and α4 in PCOS to control group was 0.479±0.01, 0.5±0.001, 2.7±0.4 and 1.023±0.2 respectively. Genes expression showed a great difference (p≤0.001) between β3, β1 and αv in PCOS compared to other groups. αv and β3 integrin proteins expressed in all groups but intensity of these proteins in PCOS groups, was lower than other groups. Conclusion: Pattern of αv and β3 integrins expression on the mouse blastocyst surface has an important effect during the implantation window. This pattern has changed in PCOS model and might have a great influence on implantation failure. Therefore, this experimental study suggests that a great attention to this problem may be essential in patients who are involved.
Chemokine expression during the development and resolution of a pulmonary leukocyte response to influenza A virus infection in mice

Influenza A virus replicates in the respiratory epithelium and induces an inflammatory infiltrate comprised of mononuclear cells and neutrophils. To understand the development of the cell‐mediated immune response to influenza and how leukocyte trafficking to sites of inflammation is regulated, we examined the chemokine expression pattern in lung tissue from A/PR/8/34‐infected C57BL/6 mice using an RNase protection assay. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP‐1α), MIP‐1β, MIP‐3α, regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES), MIP‐2, and interferon‐inducible protein 10 (IP‐10) mRNA expression was up‐regulated between days 5 and 15 after infection, consistent with a role for these chemokines in leukocyte recruitment to the lung. Low levels of expression were detected for the CC chemokine receptors (CCR)2 and CCR5, whereas CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR)3 was significantly up‐regulated by day 10 after infection, coinciding with peak inflammatory cell infiltration in the airways. As RANTES, IP‐10, and their receptors were up‐regulated during influenza virus infection, we investigated leukocyte recruitment and viral clearance in mice deficient in RANTES or CXCR3, the receptor for IP‐10. Leukocyte recruitment and viral replication in influenza‐infected RANTES knockout(−/−) mice were similar to that in control mice, showing that RANTES is not essential for the immune response to influenza infection. Similarly, leukocyte recruitment and viral replication in CXCR3−/− mice were identical to control mice, except at day 8 postinfection, where fewer lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils were detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage of CXCR3−/− mice. These studies suggest that although the chemokines detected may play a role in regulating leukocyte trafficking to the lung during influenza infection, some may be functionally redundant.
Assessment of atrial septal defect area changes during cardiac cycle by live three-dimensional echocardiography.

OBJECTIVES To investigate the accuracy of measurement of the atrial septal defect (ASD)area and dynamic change by live three-dimensional echocardiography (L3DE). METHODS L3DE was performed in patients with ASD using a three-dimensional workstation to obtain the en face view of the ASD and measure its area at the peak of P-wave, the peak of R-wave, the initial and the destination point of T-wave, and the period of P-T. Parameters derived from L3DE were compared with intraoperative measurements. RESULTS The ASD area changed significantly during cardiac cycles (mean change 46.1%, p < 0.0001; range 15.2-72.5%), with the maximal area at endsystole and the minimal area at enddiastole. There was excellent correlation between L3DE and intraoperative measurements for the area of ASD at the peak of P-wave (r = 0.92). There were good correlations between the two methods during the other phases of cardiac cycle (r = 0.81-0.86). CONCLUSIONS L3DE provides accurate and feasible measurements of the ASD area. Investigation of the dynamic changes during the cardiac cycle may lead to an improved understanding of the hemodynamics of ASD.