Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A polylog time wait-free construction for closed objects

A (wait-free) universal construction is attractive because, no matter what types of wait-free objects are needed by applications, they can be implemented simply by instantiating the universal construction with the appropriate types. However, the worst-case time complexity of every existing n-process universal construction is n(n): that is, in any implementation obtained by instantiating a universal construction, in the worst-case a process performs a(n) computation in order to complete a single operation on the implemented object. In fact, a lower bound of n(n) has been proved for the worst-case local time complexity of any oblivious universal construction [12]. Since universal constructions with sublinear time complexity do not seem possible, it is natural to explore “semiuniversal” constructions that can efficiently implement large classes of objects (as opposed to all objects). We present such a construction in this paper. Our construction implements a large class of objects, that we call closed objects. This class includes several common synchronization objects, such as swup, fetch&add, fetch&multiply, and fetch&@ (where @ is any of the boolean operations and, or, or complement). Our construction achieves worst-case sharedaccess time and local time complexity of O(log2 n). Further, at low contention, the time complexity is even lower. The construction assumes that the underlying shared-memory supports LL and SC operations. To the best of our knowledge, if we consider constructions that can implement a class of objects (as opposed to a specific object), this is the first time that the polynomial barrier has been broken for the worst-case time complexity. Finally, Jayanti proves a R(logn) lower bound on the worst-case shared-access time complexity of any implementation of certain closed objects [13]. Thus, the O(log2n) worst-case shared-access time complexity achieved in this paper is within a logarithmic factor of the optimum. ‘This work is partially supported by NSF RIA grant CCR9410421. Permission to make digital or bard copies of all or m of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for proffi or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and tbe full citation on the fti page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on sewers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior speeifrc permission and/or a fee, WDC 98 Puerto Vallarta Me&co Copyright ACM 1998 O-89791-977-7/98/ 6. $5.00
OSCAR: an optimized stall-cautious adaptive bitrate streaming algorithm for mobile networks

The design of an adaptive video client for mobile users is challenged by the frequent changes in operating conditions. Such conditions present a seemingly insurmountable challenge to adaptation algorithms, which may fail to find a balance between video rate, stalls, and rate-switching. In an effort to achieve the ideal balance, we design OSCAR, a novel adaptive streaming algorithm whose adaptation decisions are optimized to avoid stalls while maintaining high video quality. Our performance evaluation, using real video and channel traces from both 3G and 4G networks, shows that OSCAR achieves the highest percentage of stall-free sessions while maintaining a high quality video in comparison to the state-of-the-art algorithms.
Source-selective noise monitoring ( ReSoNo ) pilot project in Birmingham city

Real-time Source-selective Noise monitoring and mapping (ReSoNo) is an innovative environmental noise control technology that has been researched and developed in an academic-industrial partnership between the Budapest University of Technology and Economics and ROB-Robotic Observer for almost a decade. The three theoretical pillars of the concept are the time-invariant noise propagation, the separable noise events and the parallel recognizable physical phenomena, which enable the identification of the dominant source of the noise events and the mapping of the noise impact around the monitoring point in real-time. After the theory has been published and patented a pilot project was organized in Birmingham to test it in urban space. The realization of the concept was based on an IoT sensor unit that registers noise level, records sound and transmits pre-processed data on a cloud server unattended in 24/7. The server separates noise events, identifies their source, calculates the source-selective noise levels and refreshes the noise map of the site in realtime. The three months long pilot project facilitated by Future Internet PPP, Mott MacDonald Limited and Birmingham City Council provided large amount of test data used to assess scientific justification, quality of performance and user experience.
Executive Leadership and Social Innovation in Direct-Service Nonprofits: Shaping the Organizational Culture to Create Social Change

ABSTRACT Direct-service nonprofits have taken on increasing responsibility in creating social change (operationalized through the concept of social innovation) within local communities. Qualitative interviews were conducted with executive directors to determine the factors within the intra-organizational environment that support an orientation toward social innovation. Findings show that aspects related to staff engagement and development and direction by the executive leadership team are particularly important. The findings provide a conceptual model of the varying intra-organizational dynamics that support the development of a social innovation-oriented organizational culture. This research offers a focus for social work education programs to equip practitioners with the skills needed in contemporary practice.
Interactive Visual Analysis of Temporal Cluster Structures

Cluster analysis is a useful method which reveals underlying structures and relations of items after grouping them into clusters. In the case of temporal data, clusters are defined over time intervals where they usually exhibit structural changes. Conventional cluster analysis does not provide sufficient methods to analyze these structural changes, which are, however, crucial in the interpretation and evaluation of temporal clusters. In this paper, we present two novel and interactive visualization techniques that enable users to explore and interpret the structural changes of temporal clusters. We introduce the temporal cluster view, which visualizes the structural quality of a number of temporal clusters, and temporal signatures, which represents the structure of clusters over time. We discuss how these views are utilized to understand the temporal evolution of clusters. We evaluate the proposed techniques in the cluster analysis of mixed lipid bilayers.
Is the Grass Greener on the Other Side of the River?: The Choice of Where to Work and Where to Live for Movers

This analysis examines how differences in state income tax rates, as well as other state and local taxes and public service expenditures, influence the choice of state of residence for households (federal tax filers) moving into multistate metropolitan statistical areas (MSA) using data from the one in twenty sample of the 2000 Census of Population and Housing microdata. MSAs that are on state borders provide a spatial discontinuity – discrete differences in tax rates within a single labor market. These MSAs allow residents to live in one state and work in another state. After controlling for other factors believed to affect household location, differences in state income tax rates have a statistically significant impact on the probability a household locates in the low tax state within an MSA. Complicating the analysis of location choice is the presence of state reciprocity agreements. These bilateral agreements between state governments allow taxpayers to pay income tax based on place of residence rather than their place of work. The theoretical roles of these agreements are discussed and the impacts of these laws are tested. The results suggest that reciprocity agreements alter the role that taxes play in location.
Model-Based QoS Evaluation and Validation for Embedded Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless communication technologies have the potential to significantly reduce cabling cost, cut down on weight, and simplify the overall structure of industrial embedded systems. Potential risks and costs of a technological switch from wired interconnections toward a wireless solution are difficult to estimate, however. Model-based system engineering can help to reduce risk and cost and to increase the quality of the resulting system. However, standard network simulation software has to be adapted to the particular requirements of embedded wireless sensor networks such as system operational modes and phases, comprehensive means of configuration, and performance analysis; and models are not easy to validate in detail. This paper presents a highly scalable model for industrial embedded wireless networks to validate different system configurations and applies it to a system setup designed for avionic environments, using a software architectural framework for domain-specific simulation-based tools. The presented model is detailed enough to cover the significant behavior for quality of service requirements, including delays, throughput, reliability, energy consumption, and node lifetime. An additional important contribution is the direct connection between design tool and test bed or prototype system, allowing a seamless configuration of a hardware setup and an integration of measured behavior for a fine-grained validation of model and prototype. The application to a real-life system setup shows the benefits of the integrated approach.
Reconceiving conceptual vehicles: Lessons from semantic dementia

What are the vehicles of conceptual thought? Recently, cognitive scientists and philosophers of psychology have developed quite different theories about what kinds of representations concepts are. At one extreme, amodal theories claim that concepts are representations whose vehicles are distinct from those used in perceptual processes. At the other end of the spectrum, neo-empiricism proposes that concepts are perceptual representations grounded in the mind's sensory, motor, and affective systems. In this essay, I examine how evidence from the neuropsychological disorder semantic dementia bears on philosophical debates about the nature of conceptual vehicles. I argue that the pattern of deficits in semantic dementia undermines recent neo-empiricist predictions about where and how conceptual knowledge is organized in the brain. I do not intend my analysis of semantic dementia to wholly discredit neo-empiricism; instead, I draw lessons for future theorizing about conceptual vehicles.
The accuracy of phylogeny reconstruction on simulated whole genome sequences from Evolver

The rise of genome sequencing has produced new methods and studies for phylogeny reconstruction from whole genome data. In the popular gene concatenation method individual genes are aligned separately and then alignments are concatenated on which a phylogeny is determined. In the tree consensus method (also widely used) trees are constructed on individual genes and combined to form a consensus. These methods are likely to miss evolutionary changes in non-coding regions of the genome that contribute to the phylogeny. Other less common methods such as Huson’s Genome BLAST Distance Phylogeny (GBDP) use the entire genome sequence and have been previously compared to conserved RNA phylogenies. In this paper we evaluate for the first time the accuracy of whole genome phylogenies on large-scale simulated data produced from the Evolver whole genome evolutionary model. We also explore several variants of GBDP and show that the method can be improved with a whole genome alignment tool instead of BLAST, Jukes-Cantor evolutionary distances, and using just the top few largest aligned blocks in BLAST. We show that our variants give trees with lower Robinsons-Foulds distance than gene concatenation, tree consensus, and the original GBDP. We also evaluate our proposed method on real data with a reference (gene-based) mammalian phylogeny and show that while our tree has higher error than a simple geneconcatenated one it recovers many major clades. Our work here suggests that whole genome sequence phylogeny reconstruction methods that account for changes in non-coding regions may give more accurate trees than existing gene-based methods and that existing whole genome methods can be improved. We make our data freely available at https://web.njit. edu/ ̃usman/genomephylogeny.
Sex differences in aneurysm morphologies and clinical outcomes in ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms: a retrospective study

Objectives Ruptured anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms occur more frequently in men. The purpose of the study was to investigate sex difference in aneurysm morphologies and clinical outcomes in patients with ruptured ACoA aneurysms. Setting A tertiary referral hospital. Participants A total of 574 consecutive patients with ACoA aneurysms were admitted to our hospital from December 2007 to February 2015. In all, 474 patients (257 men and 217 women) with ruptured ACoA aneurysms were included in the study. Main outcome measures Aneurysm morphologies were measured using computed tomographic angiography and clinical outcomes were measured with Glasgow coma score at discharge. Results The aneurysm sizes (p=0.001), aneurysm heights (p=0.011), size ratios (p<0.001), flow angles (p=0.047) and vessel angles (p=0.046) were larger in the male patients than in the females. The female patients more often had larger vessel sizes (p=0.002). Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that significant differences in aneurysm morphologies between men and women were aneurysm size (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.3; p=0.036), aneurysm height (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0. to 0.9; p=0.006) and size ratio (OR 1.4, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.7; p=0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in the outcomes between men and women (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.7, p=0.857). Conclusions The men were independently associated with larger aneurysm sizes, greater aneurysm heights and larger size ratios. Sex was not a risk factor for poor outcome in patients with ruptured ACoA aneurysms.
On the dynamics of radiative zones in rotating stars

In this lecture I try to explain the basic dynamical processes at work in a radiative zone of a rotating star. In particular, the notion of baroclinicity is thoroughtly discussed. Attention is specially directed to the case of circulations and the key role of angular momentum conservation is stressed. The specific part played by viscosity is also explained. The old approach of Eddington and Sweet is reviewed and criticized in the light of the seminal papers of Busse (1981) and Zahn (1992). Other examples taken in the recent literature are also presented; finally, I summarize the important points.
How Crystallite Size Controls the Reaction Path in Nonaqueous Metal Ion Batteries: The Example of Sodium Bismuth Alloying

Crystallite size effects can influence the performance of battery materials by making the structural chemistry deviate from what is predicted by the equilibrium phase diagram. The implications of this are profound: the properties of many battery materials should be reassessed. Sodium ion battery anodes made from nanocrystalline bismuth form different phases during electrochemical cycling compared to anodes with larger crystallites. This is due to the formation of a metastable cubic polymorph of Na3Bi on the crystallite surfaces. The structural differences (weaker Na–Bi bonds, different coordination of Na to Bi) between the metastable cubic Na3Bi phase found in the nanocrystals and the hexagonal equilibrium polymorph which dominates the larger crystallites offer an explanation for the improvements in cycling behavior observed for the nanostructured anode.
Effects of concussions on visually guided motor actions: A literature review

ABSTRACT Athletes must be able to successfully navigate the soccer pitch or hockey rink to win the game, requiring maximal cognitive resources to successfully compete. Concussions potentially deplete these resources, and the long-term impact of concussions on an individual’s goal-directed visually guided behavior continues to elude the scientific community. While the acute effects on cognition and the motor system have been elucidated elsewhere, long-term effects on performance have been less clear. Additionally, most investigations into long-term postinjury motor behaviors have focused on balance and gait, with little focus on functional upper extremity movements. These arm movements require both cognitive and motor functions to successfully complete the task, such as visually guided reaching, and have received little attention. This review examines the current state of the literature to date on the long-term effects of concussions on cognitive and motor deficits affecting visuomotor behavior.
A solution to the hidden surface problem

A method for producing half-tone pictures by computer is presented. The basic method, which is very simple, works well in most cases, but does not handle all objects correctly. The extended method, which copes with all cases, is also described. The functions used for calculating the intensity of parts of objects, and the method for handling transparency, are discussed. Examples of pictures produced by this method are included, and the times taken to generate them are tabulated. The extended algorithm compares favourably in speed and storage requirements with other published algorithms.
Detecting common mode failures in N-version software using weakest precondition analysis

An underlying assumption for N-version programming technique is that independently developed versions would fail in a statistically independent manner However empirical studies have demonstrated that common mode failures can occur even for independently developed versions, and that common mode failures degrade system reliability. In this paper, we demonstrate that the weakest precondition analysis is effective in determining input spaces leading to common mode failures. We applied the weakest precondition to the Launch Interceptor Programs which were used in several other experiments related to the N-version programming technique. We detected 13 out of 18 fault pairs which have been known to cause common mode failure. These faults were due to logical flaws in program design. Although the weakest precondition analysis may be labor-intensive since they are applied manually our results convincingly demonstrate that it is effective for identifying input spaces causing common mode failures and further improving the reliability of N-version software.
A novel transducer design to enable high-performance piezoelectric MEMS resonators and oscillators

A novel mechanism to drive pure single crystal silicon (SCS) micromechanical structure into resonance using piezoelectric transducer uniquely positioned at its support/anchor location is being reported for the first time with exceptional performance. The resonator was fabricated using MEMSCAP's PiezoMUMPs platform. This innovative method makes use of the excellent piezoelectric property of the Aluminum Nitride (AlN) thin film along with low crystal defect property of SCS, thus ensuring a very low motional impedance and high-quality factor (Q) performance. A differential drive/sense method was employed to reduce the feedthrough and eliminate spurious modes close to wine-glass (desired) mode of the SCS resonator. As a result, the designed wine-glass mode resonator operating at 21 MHz is successfully demonstrated with a motional resistance (Rm) of 1.8 kΩ and a loaded Q of 8,054 in air at 0 dBm driving power. Connecting the resonator to a lock-in amplifier with phase locked loop (PLL), a phase noise of −106 dBc/Hz at 100 Hz offset and −125 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset for a carrier frequency of 20.936 MHz was recorded.
NVOLVEMENT OF THE BED NUCLEUS OF THE STRIA TERMINALIS CTIVATED BY THE CENTRAL NUCLEUS OF THE AMYGDALA IN HE NEGATIVE AFFECTIVE COMPONENT OF MORPHINE ITHDRAWAL IN RATS

bstract—The central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce) and the ed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) are key structures of he extended amygdala, which is suggested to be involved in rug addiction and reward. We have previously reported that he Ce plays a crucial role in the negative affective component f morphine withdrawal. In the present study, we examined the nvolvement of the neural pathway between the Ce and the BST n the negative affective component of morphine withdrawal in ats. Rats were rendered morphine dependent by s.c. implantaion of a 75-mg morphine pellet for 3 days, and morphine withrawal was precipitated by an i.p. injection of naloxone (0.3 mg/ g). In the place-conditioning paradigm, discrete bilateral exciotoxic lesions of the Ce or the BST significantly reduced aloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal-induced condiioned place aversion. On the other hand, they had little effect n morphine withdrawal-induced somatic signs. In an immunoistochemical study for c-Fos protein, naloxone-precipitated orphine withdrawal dramatically induced c-Fos-immunoreacive neurons in the capsular part of the Ce, and the lateral and edial divisions of the BST. Bilateral excitotoxic lesion of the e reduced the number of morphine withdrawal-induced c-Fosmmunoreactive neurons in the lateral and medial BST, with ignificant decreases in the posterior, ventral and juxtacapsular arts of lateral division, and anterior part of the medial division, ut not in the ventral part of the medial division of the BST. On he other hand, bilateral excitotoxic lesion of the BST had no ffect on such c-Fos induction within the capsular part, nor the entral and medial divisions of the Ce. These results suggest hat activation of the BST mediated through the neural pathway rom the Ce contributes to the negative affective component of orphine withdrawal. © 2005 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. ll rights reserved.
Vegetable variety: an effective strategy to increase vegetable choice in children

Abstract Objective Most children do not meet the recommended intake of vegetables. Variety was identified as a potential factor to increase children's intake of these foods, as it was shown that variety was effective in improving meal composition in adults. Because younger children are suggested to be more responsive to internal satiation signals than to external food-related cues compared with adults, it is not clear whether variety is effective to improve meal composition in 7- to 10-year-old children. Design Experiment. Setting Children were assigned one of three different fake food buffets containing pasta, chicken, and either one vegetable (carrots or beans) or two vegetables (carrots and beans). The children were asked to serve themselves a meal that they would like to eat for lunch from the given selection. Subjects One hundred children (fifty-two boys; mean age 8·8 (sd 1·1) years). Results Children given the two-vegetable choice served themselves significantly more energy from vegetables (mean 64 (sd 51) kJ, 10·9 (sd 9·4) %) compared with children who were offered only either carrots (mean 37 (sd 25) kJ, 5·9 (sd 6·5) %) or beans (mean 38 (sd 34) kJ, 5·6 (sd 6·3) %). The total energy of the meal was not increased, indicating that children chose a more balanced lunch when offered more vegetables. Conclusions School-aged children are responsive to food-related cues and variety is effective in increasing their vegetable choice. Serving an assortment of vegetables in school cafeterias might be a simple and effective strategy to improve children's nutrition.