Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Semantic Image Retrieval : A Review

— Image retrieval systems play a key role in big image database systems. User may search for the image using keywords, phrases or image itself. CBIR approaches helps to retrieve image based on the contents or features of the image. RBIR approach helps to retrieve images based on the regions.The images retrieved using RBIR have more close similarity with human approaches.But the semantic gap still remains as a challenge.Multiple semantic interpretations and lexical ambiguity of the same image still remains as a challenge. I. INTRODUCTION Now a days, image retrieval techniques help users access images from web for different applications. The search for images may be text based or content based. Most of the existing image retrieval systems are user interactive.These image retrieval systems classify images based on their features, then ranked and displayed at a higher speed. For comparing the similarities, any one of the distance measures are used. A comparative study on the distance measures shows that Euclidean distance measure is the popular and the faster one.The commonly used features are color,texture,shape or a combination of any of them. The rest of the paper is organized as follows.Section II represents several CBIR approaches.Section III presents several RBIR approaches.The conclusion is presented in section IV.
Switching Auxiliary Chains for Speech Recognition

This letter investigates the problem of incorporating auxiliary information, e.g., pitch, zero crossing rate (ZCR), and rate-of-speech (ROS), for speech recognition using dynamic Bayesian networks. In this letter, we propose switching auxiliary chains for exploiting different auxiliary information tailored to different phonetic states. The switching function can be specified by a priori knowledge or, more flexibly, be learned from data with information-theoretic dependency selection. Experiments on the OGI Numbers database show that the new model achieves 7% word-error-rate relative reduction by jointly exploiting pitch, ZCR, and ROS, while keeping almost the same parameter size as the standard HMM.
On the distribution of Carmichael numbers

Erd\H{o}s conjectured in 1956 that there are $x^{1-o(1)}$ Carmichael numbers up to $x$. Pomerance made this conjecture more precise and proposed that there are $x^{1-{\frac{\{1+o(1)\}\log\log\log x}{\log\log x}}}$ Carmichael numbers up to $x$. At the time, his data tables up to $25 \cdot 10^{9}$ appeared to support his conjecture. However, Pinch extended this data and showed that up to $10^{21}$, Pomerance's conjecture did not appear well-supported. Thus, the purpose of this paper is two-fold. First, we build upon the work of Pomerance and others to present an alternate conjecture regarding the distribution of Carmichael numbers that fits proven bounds and is better supported by Pinch's new data. Second, we provide another conjecture concerning the distribution of Carmichael numbers that sharpens Pomerance's heuristic arguments. We also extend and update counts pertaining to pseudoprimes and Carmichael numbers, and discuss the distribution of One-Parameter Quadratic-Base Test pseudoprimes.
Aktivitätsmuster im Gehirn: Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten beim Verstehen von Erst- und Zweitsprache

Zusammenfassung Die Zusammenführung sprachwissenschaftlicher Theorien und neurophysiologischer Messverfahren führte in den letzten Jahrzehnten zu einem vertieften Verständnis der neuronalen Grundlagen der menschlichen Sprachverarbeitung. Spezifische in der Sprache enthaltene Informationstypen, wie z.B. grammatische Struktur oder Bedeutungsinformation, führen während des Sprachverstehens zu unterscheidbaren elektrophysiologischen und haemodynamischen Aktivierungen im Gehirn. In ersten Teil unseres Beitrags berichten wir über neuere Erkenntnisse der neurophysiologischen Sprachverarbeitungsforschung. Einen besonderen Einblick in die Plastizität des menschlichen Gehirns im Laufe seiner Entwicklung bietet die vergleichende Untersuchung von Sprachverarbeitungsprozessen in der Muttersprache und in später erlernten Fremdsprachen. Im zweiten Teil stellen wir die Ergebnisse neurophysiologischer Studien zur Sprachverarbeitung bei Nicht-Muttersprachlern vor und arbeiten die Bedeutung dieses Ansatzes zur Erforschung der neuronalen Grundlagen lebenslanger Lern- und Sprachverarbeitungsprozesse heraus.
Robust H8 Controller Design for a Bilateral Teleoperation System via LMIs

This paper presents a new linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach to design an Hinfin , controller for a bilateral teleoperation system. Time delay, due to communication media, is assumed to be unknown, but the upper bounds of the delay interval and the derivative of the delay are assumed to be known. An impedance controller is designed for the master robot and an open-loop controller is designed for the slave side. In order to have disturbance rejection, an optimal disturbance rejection technique is utilized in the slave side. Then, to design the slave side controller, the control system is reformulated such that the slave side controller is converted to an equivalent dynamic output feedback controller in a standard control system representation. The main results provide sufficient delay-dependent conditions for the stability analysis and control problem.
Cutting Edge: Apoptosis-Regulating Signal Kinase 1 Is Required for Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Activation of IFN Regulatory Factor 3 by Lipopolysaccharide1

IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 3 participates in the transcriptional induction of IFN-α, IFN-β, and a subset of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) as a result of viral infection. In addition, bacterial cell wall components such as LPS activate IRF3 in a p38-dependent manner. In this study we show that IRF3-mediated ISG induction by LPS requires the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the NADPH-dependent oxidase NOX4. Furthermore, we present evidence that LPS-mediated ROS production leads to activation of apoptosis-regulating-signal kinase (ASK) 1, a MAPK kinase kinase family member capable of activating the MAP kinase 6/p38 axis. ASK1 kinase activity proved essential for IRF3-mediated ISG induction by LPS. Thus, our results presented here suggest a novel role for ROS and ASK1 in the innate immune response as signaling intermediates in the IRF3 activation pathway.
Dissektion der Halsarterien mit Donnerschlagkopfschmerz als Hauptsymptom

Zusammenfassung Dissektionen der Halsarterien werden häufig als Ursache eines sekundären Donnerschlagkopfschmerzes angegeben, es existieren allerdings nur wenige Fallberichte dazu. Wir berichten über zwei neue Patienten und eine Literaturübersicht mit elf Fällen. Patienten mit einem Donnerschlagkopfschmerz als erstes (und oftmals einziges) Symptom einer Dissektion einer Halsarterie sind jünger und häufiger weiblich und haben öfter eine Dissektion im vertebrobasilären Stromgebiet, als es von der Gesamtheit aller Patienten mit einer Dissektion der Halsarterien zu erwarten wäre. Die Prävalenz eines Donnerschlagkopfschmerzes bei allen Patienten mit einer Dissektion der Halsarterien kann auf ca. 1% geschätzt werden. Zusammenfassend ist der Donnerschlagkopfschmerz ein seltenes Symptom einer Dissektion, eine solche sollte aber bei Vorliegen eines Donnerschlagkopfschmerzes immer ausgeschlossen werden.
Face hallucination through dual associative learning

In this paper, we propose a novel patch-based face hallucination framework, which employs a dual model to hallucinate different components associated with one facial image. Our model is based on a statistical learning approach: associative learning. It suffices to learn the dependencies between low-resolution image patches and their high-resolution ones with a new concept hidden parameter space as a bridge to connect those patches with different resolutions. To compensate higher frequency information of images, we present a dual associative learning algorithm for orderly inferring main components and high frequency components of faces. The patches can be finally integrated to form a whole high-resolution image. Experiments demonstrate that our approach does render high quality superresolution faces.
Role of Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D in Cell Cycle and Apoptosis in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma A431 Cells

Background Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most widespread cancer in humans and its incidence is rising. Novel therapy with better efficacy is needed for clinical treatment of cSCC. Many studies have shown the importance of DNA repair pathways during the development of cancer. A key nucleotide excision repair (NER) protein, xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD), is responsible for the excision of a large variety of bulky DNA lesions. Material/Methods To explore the role of XPD in A431 cells, we overexpressed XPD in A431 cells and performed MTT assay, flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis to examine cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, and genes expression. Results We found that the overexpression of XPD suppressed cell viability, induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, and promoted cell apoptosis. Additionally, XPD blocked the expression of c-myc, cdc25A, and cdk2, and improved the levels of HIPK2 and p53. Conclusions These results provide new evidence to reveal the role of XPD in cSCC A431 cells and suggest that XPD may serve as an anti-oncogene during cSCC development.
StarClose Vascular Closure Device: Safety and Efficacy of Deployment and Reaccess in a Neurointerventional Radiology Service

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Obtaining safe and effective closure of the femoral access site following neurointerventional procedures can sometimes be challenging, especially in patients on anti-coagulation or anti-platelet therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel percutaneous closure device that employs a nitinol clip–mediated extravascular closure strategy following neurointerventional procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of all patients who underwent neurointerventional procedures at our institution between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2008. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the StarClose device in patients undergoing first and repeat procedures. Groin complications were classified as self-limited hematoma, hematoma requiring transfusion, other/minor (pseudoaneurysm, infection), and other/major (vascular complication). RESULTS: StarClose device use was attempted in 281 of 352 cases (79.8%) with success reported in 269 cases (95.7%). Minor and major complications occurred in 0.7% and 0.4% of patients, respectively. There was one major vascular complication. Repeat use was performed in 84 patients with 100% success and a 2.3% minor complication rate. Time to reaccess ranged from 1 to 1036 days (mean, 105 days). CONCLUSIONS: The StarClose device achieves rapid and safe femoral arterial closure in patients, both for primary closure and after reaccess.
The Economics of Privacy

This article summarizes and draws connections among diverse streams of theoretical and empirical research on the economics of privacy. We focus on the economic value and consequences of protecting and disclosing personal information, and on consumers' understanding and decisions regarding the trade-offs associated with the privacy and the sharing of personal data. We highlight how the economic analysis of privacy evolved over time, as advancements in information technology raised increasingly nuanced and complex issues. We find and highlight three themes that connect diverse insights from the literature. First, characterizing a single unifying economic theory of privacy is hard, because privacy issues of economic relevance arise in widely diverse contexts. Second, there are theoretical and empirical situations where the protection of privacy can both enhance and detract from individual and societal welfare. Third, in digital economies, consumers' ability to make informed decisions about their privacy is severely hindered because consumers are often in a position of imperfect or asymmetric information regarding when their data is collected, for what purposes, and with what consequences. We conclude the article by highlighting some of the ongoing issues in the privacy debate of interest to economists.
Genetic interaction screens advance in reverse.

Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Harvard Biophysics Graduate Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
Ibm Research Report Circumflex: a Scheduling Optimizer for Mapreduce Workloads Involving Shared Scans Circumflex: a Scheduling Optimizer for Mapreduce Workloads Involving Shared Scans

LIMITED DISTRIBUTION NOTICE: This report has been submitted for publication outside of IBM and will probably be copyrighted if accepted for publication. It has been issued as a Research Report for early dissemination of its contents. In view of the transfer of copyright to the outside publisher, its distribution outside of IBM prior to publication should be limited to peer communications and specific requests. After outside publication, requests should be filled only by reprints or legally obtained copies of the article (e.g. , payment of royalties). Copies may be requested from IBM T. J. ABSTRACT We consider MapReduce clusters designed to support multiple concurrent jobs, concentrating on environments in which the number of distinct datasets is modest relative to the number of jobs. Many datasets in such scenarios will wind up being scanned by multiple concurrent Map phase jobs. As has been noticed previously, this scenario provides an opportunity for Map phase jobs to cooperate, sharing the scans of these datasets, and thus reducing the costs of such scans. Our paper has two main contributions. First, we present a new, novel and highly general method for sharing scans and thus amortizing their costs. This concept, which we will call cyclic piggybacking, is an alternative to the more traditional batching scheme described in the literature, and seems to have a number of advantages over that scheme. Second, we describe a method for optimizing schedules within the context of this cyclic piggybacking paradigm. This scheme, a significant but natural generalization of the recently introduced flex scheduler for MapReduce, can optimize a wide variety of metrics. Such cost functions include average response time, average stretch, and any minimax-type metric. The overall approach, including both cyclic piggy-backing and the flex generalization, is called circumflex. We demonstrate the excellent performance of circumflex via a variety of simulation experiments, and we describe a practical implementation strategy.
Comorbid Depression and Anxiety in Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Relationship to Somatic and Psychosocial Variables

Objective: The prevalence as well as predictors of psychiatric disorders (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition [DSM-IV] axis I and II) in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) was evaluated. Method: One-hundred fifteen patients with FMS participated in the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV to assess current mental disorders. In addition, patients completed standardized questionnaires regarding pain, pain impact, anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder-like symptoms, and sexual and physical abuse. Results: Patients were grouped into one of three psychosocial subgroups based on responses to the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI)–Dysfunctional (DYS), Interpersonally Distressed (ID), and Adaptive Copers (AC). Axis I diagnoses were present in 74.8% of the participants overall with the DYS subgroup mainly reporting anxiety and the ID group mood disorders. The AC group showed little comorbidity. Axis II diagnoses were present in only 8.7% of the FMS sample. Conclusion: These results suggest that FMS is not a homogeneous diagnosis, but shows varying proportions of comorbid anxiety and depression dependent on psychosocial characteristics of the patients. The results demonstrate the importance of not treating patients with FMS as a homogeneous group. Assessment should not only examine the presence of widespread pain and the number of tender points, but also the presence of affective distress. Treatment should focus both on physical and emotional dysfunction. FMS = fibromyalgia syndrome; MPI = Multidimensional Pain Inventory; DYS = dysfunctional; ID = interpersonally distressed; AC = adaptive copers; SCID = Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; STAI-T = State-Trait Anxiety Inventory–Trait scale; PRSS = Pain-Related Self-Statements Scale.
Restless Leg Syndrome Induced by Escitalopram and Lithium Combined With Quetiapine Treatment in Bipolar II Disorder: A Case Report.

To the Editor: R estless leg syndrome (RLS) has been reported in patients receiving various antidepressants or second-generation antipsychotics. Individuals with bipolar disorder are particularly at high risk to have RLS because antidepressants and antipsychotics are frequently used as acute therapy for mood symptoms. Furthermore, the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder might involve serotonergic or dopaminergic dysfunction. Although dysregulation of serotonergic or dopaminergic transmission has been suggested as an important mechanism contributing to the development of RLS, it is still unclear whether the serotonergic dysfunction results in RLS independently or together with dysregulation of dopaminergic transmission in bipolar disorder. This report describes the case of a 46-yearold man with bipolar II disorder who developed newly emerging RLS after being treated with escitalopram and lithium combined with quetiapine. The symptoms of RLS improved significantly after quetiapine was withdrawn from the regimen. Besides, this patient did not have RLS while receiving aripiprazole monotherapy. These observations suggested that the synergic dysregulation of serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission might be involved in the pathogenesis of RLS.
Eye Movement Training and Suggested Gaze Strategies in Tunnel Vision - A Randomized and Controlled Pilot Study

Purpose Degenerative retinal diseases, especially retinitis pigmentosa (RP), lead to severe peripheral visual field loss (tunnel vision), which impairs mobility. The lack of peripheral information leads to fewer horizontal eye movements and, thus, diminished scanning in RP patients in a natural environment walking task. This randomized controlled study aimed to improve mobility and the dynamic visual field by applying a compensatory Exploratory Saccadic Training (EST). Methods Oculomotor responses during walking and avoiding obstacles in a controlled environment were studied before and after saccade or reading training in 25 RP patients. Eye movements were recorded using a mobile infrared eye tracker (Tobii glasses) that measured a range of spatial and temporal variables. Patients were randomly assigned to two training conditions: Saccade (experimental) and reading (control) training. All subjects who first performed reading training underwent experimental training later (waiting list control group). To assess the effect of training on subjects, we measured performance in the training task and the following outcome variables related to daily life: Response Time (RT) during exploratory saccade training, Percent Preferred Walking Speed (PPWS), the number of collisions with obstacles, eye position variability, fixation duration, and the total number of fixations including the ones in the subjects' blind area of the visual field. Results In the saccade training group, RTs on average decreased, while the PPWS significantly increased. The improvement persisted, as tested 6 weeks after the end of the training. On average, the eye movement range of RP patients before and after training was similar to that of healthy observers. In both, the experimental and reading training groups, we found many fixations outside the subjects' seeing visual field before and after training. The average fixation duration was significantly shorter after the training, but only in the experimental training condition. Conclusions We conclude that the exploratory saccade training was beneficial for RP patients and resulted in shorter fixation durations after the training. We also found a significant improvement in relative walking speed during navigation in a real-world like controlled environment.
Shape Statistics for Image Segmentation with Prior

We propose a new approach to compute non-linear, intrinsic shape statistics and to incorporate them into a shape prior for an image segmentation task. Given a sample set of contours, we first define their mean shape as the one which is simultaneously closest to all samples up to rigid motions, and compute it in a gradient descent framework. We consider here a differentiable approximation of the Hausdorff distance between shapes. Statistics on the instantaneous deformation fields that the mean shape should undergo to move towards each sample lead to sensible characteristic modes of deformation that convey the shape variability. Contour statistics are turned into a shape prior which is rigid-motion invariant. Image segmentation results show the improvement gained by the shape prior.
Framework for monitoring and testing web application scalability on the cloud

By allowing resources to be acquired on-demand and in variable amounts, cloud computing provides an appealing environment for deploying pilot projects and for performance testing of Web applications and services. However, setting up cloud environments for performance testing still requires a significant amount of manual effort. To aid performance engineers in this task, we developed a framework that integrates several common benchmarking and monitoring tools. The framework helps performance engineers to test applications under various configurations and loads. Furthermore, the framework supports dynamic server allocation based on incoming load using a response-time-aware heuristics. We validated the framework by deploying and stress-testing the MediaWiki application. An experimental evaluation was conducted aimed at comparing the response-time-aware heuristics against Amazon Auto-Scale.
Logic Relation Refinement Using Unlabeled Data

The difference in distributions between datasets from different domains, such as different in- formation sources, hinders the direct application of a learned model from one domain to another. We have developed a framework for the adaptation of relational logic models, in particular, Markov Logic Network (MLN), from a source domain to a target do- main solving the same task using only unlabeled data in the target domain. In our proposed framework, we modify the model from two aspects, the dependency information across the two domains and within the target domain. First, the relational logic models of the two domains should share certain amount of simi- larities due to the same goal and similar nature of the data. Hence, we perform model adaptation by pe- nalizing the difference in the two domains and jointly maximizing the likelihood of the target domain and minimizing the difference between the source and the target domain MLNs. Second, closely related infor- mation appeared within the target domain is used as additional clues in resolving ambiguous decision mak- ing. Potential ambiguity of the model is identified and is refined through incorporating such closely related information. As a result, the adapted model is tai- lored to the target domain. Our experimental results demonstrate that our adaptation framework is able to improve the performance on the target domain.