Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Input Impedance of the Pulmonary Arterial System in Normal Man: Effects of Respiration and Comparison to Systemic Impedance

Input impedance of the pulmonary arterial system was determined in 10 subjects undergoing elective cardiac catheterization. No cardiovascular or pulmonary disease was found in these patients. In five of the subjects, systemic arterial input impedance was also obtained, so that both systems could be compared. Pulmonary and systemic peripheral resistances were 79 ± 9 dynes sec/cm5 (mean ± SEM) and 1016 ± 50 dynes sec/cm5, respectively. Characteristic impedance of the pulmonary circulation was lower than the characteristic impedance of the systemic circulation: 20 ± 1 dynes sec/cm5 vs. 47 ± 9 dynes sec/cm! , respectively. Pulmonary pressure and flow spectra for both systems are also presented. The amplitudes of the harmonics of pressure and flow are smaller for the pulmonary circulation, which is consistent with the lower pressures and more rounded waveforms of the normal pulmonary circulation. In all 10 subjects, input impedance of the pulmonary system was examined during both the inspiratory and expiratory phases of respiration. There was no difference between inspiration and expiration in either pulmonary vascular resistance (77 ± 10 dynes sec/cm! vs. 80 ± 9 dynes sec/cm5, respectively), characteristic impedance (20 ± 1 dynes sec/cm5 vs. 20 ± 1 dynes sec/cm5) or in the overall impedance spectrum. Quiet respiration, thus, has no effect on the pulmonary arterial load, and changes in pressure and flow must result from alterations in right ventricular performance.
Conditions on Blind Source Separability of Linear FIR-MIMO Systems with Binary Inputs

In this note, we investigate the blind source separability of linear FIR-MIMO systems. The concept of semi-reversibility of a system is presented. It is shown that for a semi-reversible system, if the input signals belong to a binary alphabet, then the source data can be blindly separated. One sufficient condition for a system to be semi-reversible is obtained. It is also shown that the proposed criteria is weaker than that in the literature which requires that the channel matrix is irreducible/invertible or reversible. Keywords—Blind source separable, FIR-MIMO system, Binary input, Bezout equality.
The Inflow of the Creative-Class and Forming of Cultural Landscape on the Kyunglidan-Gil

With the recent ‘Creative economy’ and ‘Cultural prosperity’ coming to the fore as a new code to build up a city or a region, it is necessary to focus on strengthening the regional creative capacity as well as developing spontaneous regional culture. In such trend this research aims to explore the Kyunglidan-gil, Seoul, Korea in which creative-class are appearing autogenously in clusters and forming new cultural landscape, to identify the factors of their accumulation and changing aspect of cultural landscape. This study has the following purposes: First, Investigating the historical context of the Kyunglidan-gil’s landscape. Second, considering the process of the creative-class being flowed into the Kyunglidan-gil as the subject leading to the modification of the region. Third, their activity was analyzed to consider the unique aspect of forming the cultural landscape at the Kyunglidan-gil. Regarding why the creative-class should flow in, results of the study drew five factors including region in issue compared to inexpensive rents, coexistence with nature, quiet atmosphere seeming isolated from the urban confusion, location possible to test and share individual materials one likes, and a site with synergy effect of activity through the network with acquaintances. Also, five characteristics of cultural landscape forming by the people’s activity were drawn – space of communication for increasing creativity, temporary and flexible spatial use, expression of one’s identity and taste, distinguishing, and positive use of the existing facilities. Like this, by exposing the ‘creative-class’, a subject of the leader in changing process of the Kyunglidan-gil, this research identified the aspect of forming cultural landscape.
Urbanization-induced population migration has reduced ambient PM2.5 concentrations in China

Population migration has upgraded the direct energy consumption with remarkable benefits on air quality and health in China. Direct residential and transportation energy consumption (RTC) contributes significantly to ambient fine particulate matter with a diameter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in China. During massive rural-urban migration, population and pollutant emissions from RTC have evolved in terms of magnitude and geographic distribution, which was thought to worsen PM2.5 levels in cities but has not been quantitatively addressed. We quantify the temporal trends and spatial patterns of migration to cities and evaluate their associated pollutant emissions from RTC and subsequent health impact from 1980 to 2030. We show that, despite increased urban RTC emissions due to migration, the net effect of migration in China has been a reduction of PM2.5 exposure, primarily because of an unequal distribution of RTC energy mixes between urban and rural areas. After migration, people have switched to cleaner fuel types, which considerably lessened regional emissions. Consequently, the national average PM2.5 exposure concentration in 2010 was reduced by 3.9 μg/m3 (90% confidence interval, 3.0 to 5.4 μg/m3) due to migration, corresponding to an annual reduction of 36,000 (19,000 to 47,000) premature deaths. This reduction was the result of an increase in deaths by 142,000 (78,000 to 181,000) due to migrants swarming into cities and decreases in deaths by 148,000 (76,000 to 194,000) and 29,000 (15,000 to 39,000) due to transitions to a cleaner energy mix and lower urban population densities, respectively. Locally, however, megacities such as Beijing and Shanghai experienced increases in PM2.5 exposure associated with migration because these cities received massive immigration, which has driven a large increase in local emissions.
A novel super resolution reconstruction of low reoslution images progressively using dct and zonal filter based denoising

Due to the factors like processing power limitations and channel capabilities images are often down sampled and transmitted at low bit rates resulting in a low resolution compressed image. High resolution images can be reconstructed from several blurred, noisy and down sampled low resolution images using a computational process know as super resolution reconstruction. Super-resolution is the process of combining multiple aliased low-quality images to produce a high resolution, high-quality image. The problem of recovering a high resolution image progressively from a sequence of low resolution compressed images is considered. In this paper we propose a novel DCT based progressive image display algorithm by stressing on the encoding and decoding process. At the encoder we consider a set of low resolution images which are corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise and motion blur. The low resolution images are compressed using 8 by 8 blocks DCT and noise is filtered using our proposed novel zonal filter. Multiframe fusion is performed in order to obtain a single noise free image. At the decoder the image is reconstructed progressively by transmitting the coarser image first followed by the detail image. And finally a super resolution image is reconstructed by applying our proposed novel adaptive interpolation technique. We have performed both objective and subjective analysis of the reconstructed image, and the resultant image has better super resolution factor, and a higher ISNR and PSNR. A comparative study done with Iterative Back Projection (IBP) and Projection on to Convex Sets (POCS),Papoulis Grechberg, FFT based Super resolution Reconstruction shows that our method has out performed the previous contributions.
The effect of smoking cues in antismoking advertisements on smoking urge and psychophysiological reactions.

INTRODUCTION Studies have found that smoking-related cues elicit smoking urges in addicted smokers. This work presents the first cue-reactivity study in the context of antismoking advertisements. METHODS Using a two (no cue vs. smoking cue) by two (high vs. low argument strength) mixed design, we tested the hypothesis that smoking cues presented in antismoking advertisements elicit smoking urges. The study tested 96 adult smokers using both self-reported and psychophysiological measures of smoking urge. It also explored gender differences during the urge elicitation. RESULTS Smoking cues in antismoking advertisements elicited smoking urges in the weak argument condition. DISCUSSION Antismoking advertisements with smoking cues and weak antismoking arguments could produce boomerang effects on smokers through urge elicitation.
Análisis de los modelos de marketing ambiental

The objective of this work is revising the reported literature in the state of art on environmental marketing and to describe those models which study consumer behavior which have found sustainable empirical evidence. After an extensive revision in all the international information banks, it were found 4 models of environmental marketing and a model that characterizes the green consumers. The models are described and compared analyzing their characteristics and equivalences. As a consequence of the previous analysis is concluded that the environmental values instilled in the family and in the school are determinants for the conduct of the green consumers.
Efficient Regression in Metric Spaces via Approximate Lipschitz Extension

We present a framework for performing efficient regression in general metric spaces. Roughly speaking, our regressor predicts the value at a new point by computing an approximate Lipschitz extension— the smoothest function consistent with the observed data— after performing structural risk minimization to avoid overfitting. We obtain finite-sample risk bounds with minimal structural and noise assumptions, and a natural runtime-precision tradeoff. The offline (learning) and online (prediction) stages can be solved by convex programming, but this naive approach has runtime complexity $O(n^{3})$ , which is prohibitive for large data sets. We design instead a regression algorithm whose speed and generalization performance depend on the intrinsic dimension of the data, to which the algorithm adapts. While our main innovation is algorithmic, the statistical results may also be of independent interest.
Individual Genetic Variations Directly Effect Polarization of Cytokine Responses to Superantigens Associated with Streptococcal Sepsis: Implications for Customized Patient Care

Host immunogenetic variations strongly influence the severity of group A streptococcus sepsis by modulating responses to streptococcal superantigens (Strep-SAgs). Although HLA-II–DR15/DQ6 alleles strongly protect against severe sepsis, HLA-II–DR14/DR7/DQ5 alleles significantly increase the risk for toxic shock syndrome. We found that, regardless of individual variations in TCR-Vβ repertoires, the presentation of Strep-SAgs by the protective HLA-II–DR15/DQ6 alleles significantly attenuated proliferative responses to Strep-SAgs, whereas their presentation by the high-risk alleles augmented it. Importantly, HLA-II variations differentially polarized cytokine responses to Strep-SAgs: the presentation of Strep-SAgs by HLA-II–DR15/DQ6 alleles elicited significantly higher ratios of anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-10) to proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IFN-γ) than did their presentation by the high-risk HLA-II alleles. Adding exogenous rIL-10 significantly attenuated responses to Strep-SAgs presented by the high-risk HLA-II alleles but did not completely block the response; instead, it reduced it to a level comparable to that seen when these superantigens were presented by the protective HLA-II alleles. Furthermore, adding neutralizing anti–IL-10 Abs augmented Strep-SAg responses in the presence of protective HLA-II alleles to the same level as (but no higher than) that seen when the superantigens were presented by the high-risk alleles. Our findings provide a molecular basis for the role of HLA-II allelic variations in modulating streptococcal sepsis outcomes and suggest the presence of an internal control mechanism that maintains superantigen responses within a defined range, which helps to eradicate the infection while attenuating pathological inflammatory responses that can inflict more harm than the infection itself.
From Multilingual Dictionary to Lithuanian WordNet

In this paper we describe the motivation for building a small Lithuanian language WordNet out of a bilingual dictionary. The WordNet contains semantic relations for nouns, adjectives, adverbs and verbs, with mapping of synsets to the Princeton WordNet and the Slovak language WordNet. The process of combining various dictionaries to create an initial version and subsequent manual proofreading is described; the first preliminary version of the WordNet has been released.
Energy Shaping Control for a Class of Underactuated Euler-Lagrange Systems

Abstract The paper presents a new energy shaping control design for a class of underactuated Euler-Lagrange systems. Flexible joint robots, Series Elastic Actuators, and Variable Impedance Actuated Robots Albu-Schaffer et al. [2008] belong for example to this class. First, classical PD control with feed-forward compensation is revisited and a novel, straight-forward and general formulation for the stability analysis is given. Lower bound conditions for the gains of this controller motivate the introduction of the new approach, which generalizes results from Albu-Schaffer et al. [2007], Ch. Ott et al. [2008]. For shaping the potential energy, feedback variables based on the collocated states are introduced, which are statically equivalent to the noncollocated state variables. In this way the passivity is ensured while exactly satisfying steady state requirements formulated in terms of the noncollocated states (such as desired equilibrium configuration and desired stiffness). Using the passivity property, a Lyapunov based analysis can be easily carried out for arbitrarily low feedback gains. The controller is augmented by noncollocated feedback to shape the kinetic energy. Experimental results for a Variable Stiffness Robot Grebenstein et al. [2011] validate the proposed controller.
Nonmonotone systems decomposable into monotone systems with negative feedback

Motivated by the work of Angeli and Sontag [Monotone control systems, IEEE Trans. Automat. Control 48 (2003) 1684–1698] and Enciso and Sontag [On the global attractivity of abstract dynamical systems satisfying a small gain hypothesis, with applications to biological delay systems, Discrete Continuous Dynamical Systems, to appear] in control theory, we show that certain finite and infinite dimensional semi-dynamical systems with “negative feedback” can be decomposed into a monotone “open-loop” system with “inputs” and a decreasing “output” function. The original system is reconstituted by “plugging the output into the input”. Employing a technique of Gouzé [A criterion of global convergence to equilibrium for differential systems with an application to Lotka–Volterra systems, Rapport de Recherche 894, INRIA] and Cosner [Comparison principles for systems that embed in cooperative systems, with applications to diffusive Lotka–Volterra models, Dynam. Cont. , Discrete Impulsive Systems 3 (1997) 283–303] of imbedding the system into a larger symmetric monotone system, we are able to obtain information on the asymptotic behavior of solutions, including existence of positively invariant sets and global convergence. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ∗ Corresponding author. E-mail address: halsmith@asu.edu (H.L. Smith). 1 Supported in part by NSF grant DMS 0107160. 0022-0396/$ see front matter © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.jde. 2005.05. 007 206 G.A. Enciso et al. / J. Differential Equations 224 (2006) 205–227
Optical Spectroscopy of K-Selected Extremely Red Galaxies

We have obtained spectroscopic redshifts for 24 sources from a sample of bright, K-selected extremely red objects (EROs) using the Keck I Telescope. These EROs have high-resolution morphologies from the Hubble Space Telescope and were selected with a median Ks magnitude of 18.7 and F814W-Ks > 4 mag (Yan & Thompson 2003). Among the 24 redshifts, the majority (92%) are at 0.9 < z < 1.5. We derived the rest-frame J-band luminosity function at zmedian = 1.14. Our result suggests that the luminosity evolution between bright EROs at z ∼ 1 and the present-day greater than L* massive galaxies is at most about 0.7 mag. Combining the morphologies and deep spectroscopy revealed that the 24 EROs have the following properties: (1) Eighty-six percent of the spectra have absorption features from old stars, suggesting that the dominant stellar populations seen in the rest-frame UV are old stars. Fifty percent of the sources have pure absorption lines, while the remaining 50% have emission lines, indicating recent star formation. We conclude that the color criterion for EROs is very effective in selecting old stellar populations at z ∼ 1, and a large fraction of these systems with prominent old stellar populations also have recent star formation. (2) The 12 emission-line systems have the same number of disk and bulge galaxies as in the remaining 12 pure absorption-line systems. We conclude that spectral classes do not have a simple, direct correspondence with morphological types. (3) Three EROs could be isolated, pure passively evolving early-type galaxies at z ∼ 1. This implies that only a small fraction (10%–15%) of early-type galaxies are formed in a rapid burst of star formation at high redshifts and evolved passively since then. (4) Three EROs have very red continua and pure emission-line spectra. Their redshifts and star formation rates are similar to that of HR 10. These three sources are potential candidates for dusty starbursts. (5) We identified three active galactic nuclei (13%), which is consistent with what has been found by deep Chandra observations.
REDD credits in a global carbon market : Options and impacts

How can REDD credits be included in a future global carbon market, and what are the impacts of inclusion? We analyze ten different scenarios through 2020, varying the global emission caps and the REDD rules. An inclusion of REDD credits without any adjustments in the global cap will lower carbon prices significantly and cause crowding out. The cap must move towards the 2 degrees climate target if REDD inclusion is to maintain high carbon prices and strong incentives for emissions reductions in other sectors. At the same time, reaching the 2 degree target without full REDD inclusion will increase global mitigation costs by more than 50%.
Trends in tropospheric aerosol loads and corresponding impact on direct radiative forcing between 1950 and 1990: A model study

Global aerosol optical thicknesses and radiative properties need to be known for the study of decadal temperature change. Aerosol distributions have been developed from global transport models for a mixture of sulfate and carbonaceous aerosols from fossil fuel burning, including also contributions from other major aerosol types such as soil dust and sea salt. Between the years 1950 and 1990 the aerosol distributions change due to changes in emissions of SO2 and carbon particles from fossil fuel burning. The optical thickness of fossil fuel derived aerosols increased by nearly a factor of 3 during this period, with particularly strong increase in eastern Asia. In countries where environmental laws came into effect since the early 1980s (e.g., United States and western Europe), emissions and consequently aerosol optical thicknesses did not increase considerably after 1980, resulting in a shift in the global distribution pattern. In addition to the optical thickness, aerosol single scattering albedos may have changed during this period due to different trends in absorbing black carbon and reflecting sulfate aerosols. However, due to uncertainties in the emission trends, which are especially large in the case of carbonaceous aerosols, such change cannot be determined with any confidence. Radiative forcing of this aerosol distribution is calculated for several scenarios. Uncertainties in the contribution of the strongly absorbing black carbon aerosol leads to a range in top-of-atmosphere forcings of ≈ −0.5 to +0.1 Wm−2.
Timing of the Middle Miocene Badenian Stage of the Central Paratethys

Abstract A new and precisely defined chronometric subdivision of the Badenian (Middle Miocene, regional stage of Central Paratethys) is proposed. This uses global events, mainly geomagnetic polarity reversals as correlated chronometric boundaries, supported by climatic and sea-level changes in addition to isotope events and biostratigraphic data. The Karpatian/ Badenian boundary lies at 16.303 Ma, at the top of Chron C5Cn.2n, which is near the base of the Praeorbulina sicana Lowest-occurrence Zone (LOZ). The Badenian/Sarmatian boundary is placed at the top of polarity Chron C5Ar.2n, thus at 12.829 Ma. In relation to three sea level cycles TB 2.3, TB 2.4 and TB 2.5 and astronomically confirmed data, the Badenian can be divided into three parts of nearly equivalent duration. The Early Badenian as newly defined here ranges from 16.303 to 15.032 Ma (top of polarity Chron C5Bn.2n). The younger boundary correlates roughly to the base of the planktonic foraminifera Orbulina suturalis LOZ at 15.10 Ma, the HO (Highest Occurrence) of the nannofossil Helicosphaera ampliaperta at 14.91 Ma (NN4/NN5 boundary) and the Lan2/Ser1 sequence boundary at 14.80 Ma. The subsequent Mid Badenian ranges from 15.032 Ma to 13.82 Ma; the latter datum correlates with the base of the Serravallian, characterized by a strong global cooling event reflected in the oxygen isotope event Mi3b. The main part of cycle TB 2.4 falls into the Mid Badenian, which can be subdivided by a short cooling event at 14.24 Ma during the Middle Miocene Climate Transition (14.70 to 13.82 Ma). The HCO (Highest common occurrence) of the nannofossil Helicosphaera waltrans at 14.357 Ma supports this division, also seen in the tropical plankton Zones M6 Orbulina suturalis LOZ and M7 Fohsella peripheroacuta LOZ that correspond roughly to the lower and upper Lagenidae zones in the Vienna Basin, respectively. The Late Badenian is delimited in time at the base to 13.82 Ma by the Langhian/Serravallian boundary and at the top by the top of polarity Chron C5Ar.2n at 12.829 Ma. The Mediterranean Langhian/Serravallian boundary can be equated with the Mid/Late Badenian boundary at 13.82 Ma. However, the Karpatian/Badenian boundary at 16.303 Ma, a significant event easily recognizable in biostratigraphy, paleoclimate evolution and sequence stratigraphy, cannot be equated with the proposed global Burdigalian/Langhian, and thus Early/Middle Miocene boundary, at 15.974 Ma