Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the need for automated multiobjective optimization and uncertainty estimation of glacier mass balance models

[1] Physically based models are valuable tools for exploring the detailed spatial and temporal responses of glaciers and ice sheets to climate forcing. However, while the last two decades have seen considerable progress in the development of increasingly sophisticated numerical descriptions, very little attention has been given to simulation uncertainty. In particular, glaciological models have traditionally been calibrated (or “tuned”) in order to identify a single set of parameters (e.g., snow density, surface albedo, temperature lapse rate) such that the model's behavior closely matches real-world observations. The present study disputes this classical approach by demonstrating that it is often difficult (if not impossible) to find a single “best” solution. Instead, multiple equally plausible parameter sets will usually exist. To address this limitation, we present a novel application of a calibration technique previously not used in glacial modeling – multiobjective optimization – designed to identify multiple optimal parameter sets that fit different characteristics of available observations, thereby enabling an assessment of the uncertainty associated with predictions. The strength and applicability of our approach is illustrated through the implementation of a surface mass balance model for two glaciers in Svalbard: Midre Lovenbreen and Kongsvegen. The model is forced using the ERA-40 reanalysis and calibrated against available mass balance measurements. The overall uncertainty range in modeled cumulative annual surface mass balance is −7.84 to −14.02 m w.e. for Midre Lovenbreen (over the period 1968–2001) and −0.91 to +9.80 m w.e. for Kongsvegen (over the period 1987–2001). The calibrated model is used to extend the mass balance records of the two glaciers back to the beginning of the ERA-40 reanalysis, giving a cumulative loss of loss of 13.2 ± 3.3 m w.e. for Midre Lovenbreen and a cumulative gain of 5.3 ± 3.4 m w.e. for Kongsvegen over the period 1958–2001. The multiobjective optimization results also indicate that current mass balance models may contain structural inadequacies relating to how the mass balance gradient is simulated.
Improved Feature Selection and Stream Traffic Classification Based on Machine Learning in Software-Defined Networks

Traffic classification (TC) in software-defined networks (SDN) using machine learning (ML) appears to be a viable option for improving network management. TC improves SDN operability, while SDN speeds up the feature selection (FS) process, especially when ML is used as a classification mechanism to extract measurements and related information from incoming data to the SDN controller. Despite these advantages, there is still a lack of adequate support for TC and FS tasks due to the frequent similarity of traffic profiles, making classification difficult. Furthermore, when combined with TC, stream learning (SL) poses numerous challenges. As a result, robust statistical flow features are needed to reduce the overhead of the SDN control plane. As a result, these statistical flow features could extract online features, handle concept drift, and process an infinite data stream using limited resources (time and memory). This paper aims to improve the overall performance of TC using the SL technique to select relevant FS to alleviate load from the SDN control plane by doing the following. First, an FS mechanism called Boruta is proposed. Second, we propose three streaming-based TC methods for SDN: Hoeffding adaptive trees (HAT), adaptive random forest (ARF), and k-nearest neighbour with adaptive sliding window detector (KNN-ADWIN). These techniques can dynamically handle the concept drift and solve the problem of memory and time consumption, lowering the overhead of the SDN controller. Third, real and synthetic traffic traces are used to evaluate the proposed FS and streaming TC performance. According to simulation results, the Boruta FS technique can achieve up to 95% average accuracy and up to 87% average per application in terms of precision, recall, and f-score, outperforming other works in the literature. Furthermore, results for SL techniques show that the proposed methods can maintain up to 85% average accuracy, 78% kappa, and average rates of 62-88% in precision, recall, and f-score. In addition, when compared to ART and KNN-ADWIN, the HAT consumes less time and memory (15s and 105KB, respectively).
A New Perspective on Energy Contagion in Colombia: Evidence from Wavelet Analysis and Co-Movement Dynamics

Objetivo: examinar la existencia de contagio financiero energético desde los principales indicadores de desempeño energético: petróleo, gas natural y carbón sobre los precios spot de energía en Colombia. Diseño/metodología: la metodología empleada en este estudio fue de tipo correlacional, con un enfoque cuantitativo. Se emplearon datos diarios de febrero de 2011 a diciembre de 2018, excluyendo la crisis financiera de 2008 y la pandemia por COVID-19. Los datos provienen de Refinitiv y XM. Se aplicó el análisis de ondas (wavelets analysis) y dinámica de comovimientos (co-movimientos dynamics). Además, se utilizó la correlación cruzada para el análisis de contagio financiero entre los indicadores de desempeño energético y los precios spot de energía. Resultados: la investigación demostró que existen correlaciones significativas a largo plazo entre los indicadores de desempeño energético y los precios spot de energía. Además, determinó la presencia de contagio del gas natural y del petróleo brent sobre los precios spot de energía durante periodos de crisis. Con respecto al carbón, no hay evidencia clara de contagio. Estos hallazgos son relevantes para comprender cómo los cambios en el mercado global de la energía pueden afectar los precios de esta a largo plazo en una economía emergente como la colombiana. Conclusiones: el contagio financiero energético impacta la economía global, especialmente en mercados emergentes dependientes de energía. Este estudio resalta la necesidad de comprender y mitigar riesgos en el mercado energético, ofreciendo información clave para empresas, inversores y formuladores de políticas. Originalidad: se emplearon métodos avanzados para analizar el impacto de los precios internacionales de combustibles en el mercado energético colombiano, identificando periodos de contagio y subrayando la vulnerabilidad de economías emergentes frente a cambios en el mercado global de la energía.
The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 update of wetland ratings

ABSTRACT The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) administers the National Wetland Plant List (NWPL) for the United States (U.S.) and its territories. Responsibility for the NWPL was transferred to the Corps from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) in 2006. The list was updated in 2012, and the Corps led an interagency effort to revise the list again in 2013. As part of the authorization of the revised NWPL in 2012, new methods were adopted for annual updates to the scientific names, regional distribution, and wetland ratings. This paper presents the third update of the list under Corps administration. The 2012 list contained 7,828 species, and the 2013 update contained 7,937 species. As part of the BONAP (Biota North America Program) database used for the 2013 update, there were 754 reports of species of wetland plants with new range extensions within the 10 Corps wetland regions. Also, BONAP and other users requested that 124 other species be added to the NWPL, which increases the number of species to 8061. These 878 species were evaluated and rated by Regional Panels and by the National Panel representatives from four agencies. The inclusion of these species represent the 2014 update to the NWPL.
Nutrient supply, surface currents, and plankton dynamics predict zooplankton hotspots in coastal upwelling systems

A simple combination of wind‐driven nutrient upwelling, surface currents, and plankton growth/grazing equations generates zooplankton patchiness and hotspots in coastal upwelling regions. Starting with an initial input of nitrate from coastal upwelling, growth and grazing equations evolve phytoplankton and zooplankton over time and space following surface currents. The model simulates the transition from coastal (large phytoplankton, e.g., diatoms) to offshore (picophytoplankton and microzooplankton) communities, and in between generates a large zooplankton maximum. The method was applied to four major upwelling systems (California, Peru, Northwest Africa, and Benguela) using latitudinal estimates of wind‐driven nitrate supply and satellite‐based surface currents. The resulting zooplankton simulations are patchy in nature; areas of high concentrations coincide with previously documented copepod and krill hotspots. The exercise highlights the importance of the upwelling process and surface currents in shaping plankton communities.
Analysis of Management Information System Implementation by adopting the HOT-FIT Framework in Higher Education

The purpose of this paper is to determine the implementation of the HOT-FIT framework written by Yusof, et. all, (2006) [19] in tertiary institutions in the industrial era 4.0. Where HOT-FIT framework consists of technological factors, human factors, organizational factors and net benefits and the authors do not add other components. In the technology factor, a network quality component was added, considering that in the industry era 4.0 network quality was one of the important factors in implementing management information systems. Human factors, the authors add user motivation where motivation is the key to successful system implementation in tertiary institutions. The organization factor is added environment, budgeting and supporting where the writer adopts a paper written by Winanti, et. all [10]. Net benefits are broken down into 3 components, including the benefits of implementation can be used as a quality assurance tool, accreditation, and a distinct advantage for universities both materially and immaterially. And in the end satisfaction can be felt by stakeholders.
Biomedical Evaluation of Early Chronic Kidney Disease in the Air Force: Building a Predictive Model from the Taiwan Military Health Service

Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common diseases worldwide. The increasing prevalence and incidence of CKD have contributed to the critical problem of high medical costs. Due to stressful environments, aircrew members may have a high risk of renal dysfunction. A better strategy to prevent CKD progression in Air Force personnel would be to diagnosis CKD at an early stage. Since few studies have been conducted in Taiwan to examine the long-term trends in early CKD in Air Force aircrew members, this study is highly important. We investigated the prevalence of CKD and established a predictive model of disease variation among aircrew members. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, we included all subjects who had received physical examinations at a military hospital from 2004 to 2010 and who could be tracked for four years. The Abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Formula (aMDRD) was used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and was combined with the National Kidney Foundation/ Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF-K/DOQI) to identify CKD patients. Results: A total of 212 aircrew members were assessed. The results showed that the prevalence of CKD was 3.8%, 9.4%, 9.0%, and 9.4% in each of the four years. According to the logistic regression analysis, abnormal urobilinogen levels, ketones, and white blood cell (WBC) counts in urine and a positive urine occult blood test increased the risk of CKD. A positive urine occult blood test can be used to predict the future risk of CKD. Moreover, the generalized estimating equation (GEE) model showed that a greater risk of CKD with increased examination time, age and seniority had a negative effect. In conclusion, abnormal urobilinogen levels, ketones, and urine WBC counts in urine as well as a positive urine occult blood test might serve as independent predictors for CKD. Conclusion: In the future, we can focus not only on annual physical examinations but also on simple and accurate examinations, such as urine occult blood testing, to determine the risk of CKD and prevent its progression in our aircrew members.
Pulmonary Functions in Relation to Physical Fitness in Children with β-Thalassemia

Introduction: Thalassemia, a genetic hemoglobinopathy, results from a defect in globin chain production. The morbidity associated with thalassemia can arise from the deleterious effects of ineffective erythropoiesis or the complications related to multiple transfusions. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the correlation between pulmonary function and physical fitness in children with β-thalassemia major. Material and methods: This observational-correlation study was conducted between August 2022 to January 2023 at Abo EL-Reesh Al Mounira Hospital for children. The study included 34 children with β-thalassemia major of both sexes (17 boys and 17 girls) aged 6–10 years. The exclusion criteria included children with defined cardiovascular or respiratory disorders, renal failure, and recent thoraco-abdominal surgery or aneurysm. The pulmonary functions (including vital capacity (VC), maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), forced expiratory volume in 1 st s (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) rate) were assessed using a spire spectrum neuro-soft spirometer. Health-related physical fitness as functional capacity was measured by a 6-min walk test while using the energy expenditure index (EEI) to determine energy expenditure. A paediatric balance scale was employed to measure skill-related fitness as balance. Results: The results revealed that a statistically significant positive correlation was observed between functional capacity and pulmonary functions as well as between balance and pulmonary functions in children with β-thalassemia major (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Pulmonary function was significantly correlated with physical fitness in children with β-thalassemia, indicating the importance of pulmonary rehabilitation.
Polarimetric radar observation of the eyewall of Typhoon Man-yi

Matured typhoons in the northwest Pacific are commonly accompanied by intense rainfall as well as by high horizontal winds as much as 60 m s around their eyewalls. Microphysical structures such as hydrometeor types and their three-dimensional distributions in the eyewall are required information to understand not only formation process of intense rainfall but also the maintenance and intensification processes of whole typhoon system. Several previous studies have been investigated the microphysical structure of tropical cyclones using in-situ data obtained from research aircrafts. For example, Black and Hallett (1986) reported the distribution of hydrometeors around the level of -5 °C in three Atlantic hurricanes. They observed supercooled drops, graupels, columns and aggregated snowflakes, and related these distributions of particles to the location of the hurricanes such as the eyewall, rainbands, stratiform area, and convective area. Recently, May et al. (2008) described microphysical structure of a tropical cyclone near coastline with a polarimetric radar. They identified the region of rain-hail mixtures in the eyewall below the 0 °C level, with a substantial volume of wet graupel overlying this. As shown by May et al. (2008), polarimetric radars can provide valuable data on three-dimensional microphysical properties of tropical cyclones. Typical raindrop sizes near the surface around the eyewall, which can be obtained by polarimetric radar information, are also useful for the rainfall estimation by conventional and/or spaceborne radars. However, there are few opportunities to observe matured tropical cyclones by ground-based polarimetric radars especially in the oceanic areas. Typhoon Man-yi hit main Okinawa island, Japan, on 13 July 2007. The typhoon was in its mature stage with minimum sea-level pressure of 940 hPa and maximum Doppler velocity of more than 60 m s. A C-band polarimetric radar in Okinawa (128o 03’ 50’’ E, 26o 35’ 11’’ N), which is known as “COBRA” (Nakagawa et al. 2003), succeeded to obtain the three-dimensional and high spatial resolution data of the eyewall from 0430 to 1007 LST with 360-degree multiple RHI scannings. In this study, we describe the characteristics of polarimetric radar variables, distribution of hydrometeors, and typical raindrop sizes in the eyewall of the typhoon based on the polarimetric radar observation.
OralImmunoAnalyser: a software tool for immunohistochemical assessment of oral leukoplakia using image segmentation and classification models

Oral cancer ranks sixteenth amongst types of cancer by number of deaths. Many oral cancers are developed from potentially malignant disorders such as oral leukoplakia, whose most frequent predictor is the presence of epithelial dysplasia. Immunohistochemical staining using cell proliferation biomarkers such as ki67 is a complementary technique to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of oral leukoplakia. The cell counting of these images was traditionally done manually, which is time-consuming and not very reproducible due to intra- and inter-observer variability. The software presently available is not suitable for this task. This article presents the OralImmunoAnalyser software (registered by the University of Santiago de Compostela–USC), which combines automatic image processing with a friendly graphical user interface that allows investigators to oversee and easily correct the automatically recognized cells before quantification. OralImmunoAnalyser is able to count the number of cells in three staining levels and each epithelial layer. Operating in the daily work of the Odontology Faculty, it registered a sensitivity of 64.4% and specificity of 93% for automatic cell detection, with an accuracy of 79.8% for cell classification. Although expert supervision is needed before quantification, OIA reduces the expert analysis time by 56.5% compared to manual counting, avoiding mistakes because the user can check the cells counted. Hence, the SUS questionnaire reported a mean score of 80.9, which means that the system was perceived from good to excellent. OralImmunoAnalyser is accurate, trustworthy, and easy to use in daily practice in biomedical labs. The software, for Windows and Linux, with the images used in this study, can be downloaded from https://citius.usc. es/transferencia/software/oralimmunoanalyser for research purposes upon acceptance.
Exploring Understandings of Different Decommissioning Options for Offshore Oil and Gas Structures in the South Taranaki Bight of New Zealand

The majority of the world’s offshore oil and gas structures will need to be decommissioned in upcoming decades as they near the end of their production phase. Once decommissioned, there are three main options available for the now-obsolete structures: complete removal, partial removal, and re-use. Since New Zealand has yet to decommission any offshore structures, there are no past examples or legislative precedent to guide the process. International case studies indicate that social acceptance is crucial to the successful implementation of these projects, so the aim of this thesis was to examine perceptions of different decommissioning options for offshore oil and gas structures in the South Taranaki Bight of New Zealand. Grounded in agenda-setting theory, Study 1 examined the prominence and portrayal of offshore decommissioning in the media. We found an exceedingly low coverage (N = 13) which indicates that the public are likely unaware of the issue. Within the limited sample, the themes 'disregarding decommissioning' and 'addressing decommissioning' were identified which, when combined, suggest that New Zealand is in the pre-planning stage of decommissioning and has yet to explore the options available. Using a postal survey (N = 154), Study 2 measured how the Taranaki community currently understood different decommissioning options, and explored whether and which familiarity variables, psychological constructs, and demographic variables could predict support for different options. The results confirmed a lack of knowledge and awareness (but high levels of interest) among the sample and revealed heterogeneity in which option was supported. Moreover, path analyses showed that awareness, knowledge, age, individualist worldviews, and egalitarian worldviews were significantly associated with support for different options. As will be discussed, these findings have significant implications for communication, engagement, and policy-making in both New Zealand and the international context.
Psychological Distress and Behavioral Vigilance in Response to Minority Stress and Threat among Members of the Asian American and Pacific Islander Community during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Stigmatization, hostility, and violence towards the Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) community have increased sharply during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to conduct research to promote understanding of the effects of such stigmatization on the AAPI community. Accordingly, the present study used a combined minority stress and integrated threat framework to examine whether factors related to AAPI identity would moderate the relationship between stigmatization/threat associated with AAPI identity and increased psychological distress and behavioral vigilance. AAPI individuals were recruited online from both Turk Prime and Reddit and completed measures of perceived stigmatization; integrated threat; depression, anxiety, and stress; and behavioral vigilance. Perceptions of stigmatization and threat predicted relevant outcomes both as individual predictors and in multivariate analyses. However, factors relating to the strength of AAPI identification did not moderate the effects of stigmatization and threat on psychological distress and behavioral vigilance, which is a result that failed to support this aspect of the broader conceptual model on which this project was based. Instead, these proposed moderators were themselves predicted by stigmatization and threat variables. The implications of these findings for effective interventions to alleviate the negative consequences of anti-Asian stigmatization are discussed.
Sea-Level Rise Tipping Point of Delta Survival

ABSTRACT Turner, R.E. ; Kearney, M.S., and Parkinson, R.W. , 2018. Sea-level rise tipping point of delta survival. The estimated rate of global eustatic sea-level rise (RSLR) associated with the formation of 36 of the world's coastal deltas was calculated for the last 22,000 years. These deltas are located in a variety of environmental settings with respect to tidal range, isostasy, and climate. After correcting the original uncalibrated radiocarbon age estimates to calibrated years, 90% of the deltas appear to have formed at an average age of 8109 ± 122 before present (BP) and a median age of 7967 BP. This age corresponds to a period of significant deceleration in the RSLR to between 5 mm y−1 and 10 mm y−1, and is in agreement with two regional estimates of vegetation growth limits with respect to RSLR. This RSLR tipping point for delta formation can be used to inform forecasts of delta resiliency under conditions of climate change and concomitant SLR. The RSLR is accelerating and will likely be several times higher than the formation tipping point by the end of this century. Hence, the world's deltaic environments are likely to be lost within the same time frame.