Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implementation of the POW (phonetically optimized words) algorithm for speech database

The paper proposes the concept of the POW (phonetically optimized words) set. To collect a speech database, all possible phonological phenomenon should be included. In addition, it is preferable to have the same phonological distribution as the general speech. For this purpose, the authors suggest a new algorithm for selecting a word set which has the properties that (1) it includes all phonological events, (2) it has the minimal number of words, and (3) the phonological similarity between the POW set and the high-frequency word set is maximized. The authors extract the Korean POW set from 50000 high-frequency words out of 3 million text corpus. The POW set is much more similar to the high-frequency word set than the PBW (phonetically balanced words) set with less number of words.
Factors Affecting DNA–DNA Interstrand Cross-Links in the Antiparallel 3 ′ –3 ′ Sense: A Comparison with the 5 ′ –5 ′ Directional Isomer

Reported herein is a study of the unusual 3 ′ –3 ′ 1,4-GG interstrand cross-link (IXL) formation in duplex DNA by a series of polynuclear platinum anticancer complexes. To examine the effect of possible preassociation through charge and hydrogen-bonding effects the closely related compounds [{ trans -PtCl(NH 3 ) 2 } 2 ( μ - trans -Pt(NH 3 ) 2 -{NH 2 (CH 2 ) 6 NH 2 } 2 )] 4+ (BBR3464, 1 ), [{ trans -PtCl (NH 3 ) 2 } 2 ( μ -NH 2 (CH 2 ) 6 -NH 2 )] 2+ (BBR3005, 2 ), [{ trans -PtCl-(NH 3 ) 2 } 2 ( μ -H 2 N (CH 2 ) 3 NH 2 (CH 2 ) 4 )] 3+ (BBR3571, 3 ) and [{ trans -PtCl(NH 3 ) 2 } 2 -{ μ -H 2 N(CH 2 ) 3 -N(COCF 3 ) (CH 2 ) 4 }] 2+ (BBR3571-COCF 3 , 4 ) were studied. Two different molecular biology approaches were used to investigate the effect of DNA template upon IXL formation in synthetic 20-base-pair duplexes. In the “hybridisation directed” method the monofunctionally adducted top strands were hybridised with their complementary 5 ′ -end labelled strands; after 24 h the efficiency of interstrand cross-linking in the 5 ′ –5 ′ direction was slightly higher than in the 3 ′ –3 ′ direction. The second method involved “postsynthetic modification” of the intact duplex; significantly less cross-linking was observed, but again a slight preference for the 5 ′ –5 ′ duplex was present. 2D [ 1 H, 15 N] HSQC NMR spectroscopy studies of the reaction of [ 15 N]- 1 with the sequence 5 ′ -d{TATAC-ATGTATA} 2 allowed direct comparison of the stepwise formation of the 3 ′ – 3 ′ IXL with the previously studied 5 ′ –5 ′ IXL on the analogous sequence 5 ′ -d(ATATGTACATAT) 2 . Whereas the preassociation and aquation steps were similar, differences were evident at the monofunctional binding step. The reaction did not yield a single distinct 3 ′ –3 ′ 1,4-GG IXL, but numerous cross-linked adducts formed. Similar results were found for the reaction with the dinuclear [ 15 N]- 2 . Molecular dynamics simulations for the 3 ′ –3 ′ IXLs formed by both 1 and 2 showed a highly distorted structure with evident fraying of the end base pairs and considerable widening of the minor groove.
Moral bioenhancement: a neuroscientific perspective

Can advances in neuroscience be harnessed to enhance human moral capacities? And if so, should they? De Grazia explores these questions in ‘Moral Enhancement, Freedom, and What We (Should) Value in Moral Behaviour’. 1 Here, I offer a neuroscientist's perspective on the state of the art of moral bioenhancement, and highlight some of the practical challenges facing the development of moral bioenhancement technologies. The science of moral bioenhancement is in its infancy. Laboratory studies of human morality usually employ highly simplified models aimed at measuring just one facet of a cognitive process that is relevant for morality. These studies have certainly deepened our understanding of the nature of moral behaviour, but it is important to avoid overstating the conclusions of any single study. De Grazia cites several purported examples of ‘non-traditional means of moral enhancement’, including one of my own studies. According to De Grazia, we showed that ‘selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (can be used) as a means to being less inclined to assault people’. In fact, our findings are a bit more subtle and nuanced than implied in the target article, as is often the case in neuroscientific studies of complex human behaviour. In our study, we tested the effects of the selective serotonin reuptake …
The Relationship Between Perfectionism and Psychopathology: A Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE The clinical significance of 2 main dimensions of perfectionism (perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns) was examined via a meta-analysis of studies investigating perfectionism in the psychopathology literature. METHOD We investigated relationships between psychopathology outcomes (clinical diagnoses of depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and eating disorders; symptoms of these disorders; and outcomes related to psychopathology, such as deliberate self-harm, suicidal ideation, and general distress) and each perfectionism dimension. The relationships were examined by evaluating (a) differences in the magnitude of association of the 2 perfectionism dimensions with psychopathology outcomes and (b) subscales of 2 common measures of perfectionism. RESULTS A systematic literature search retrieved 284 relevant studies, resulting in 2,047 effect sizes that were analysed with meta-analysis and meta-regression while accounting for data dependencies. CONCLUSION Findings support the notion of perfectionism as a transdiagnostic factor by demonstrating that both dimensions are associated with various forms of psychopathology.
Content and context : "fair" values in China

Purpose - The evolution of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) was nurtured by economists and accountants loyal to the philosophical basis of what is often referred to as “Western” market economies, being classical and neoclassical contracting theories. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how a particular Asian cultural attribute ( Design/methodology/approach - Using a literature review and research of studies of the adoption of IFRS in China, studies of both Findings - javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@14748076 Research limitations/implications - Future research on the impact of Originality/value - This study highlights how difficult it may be to achieve both comparability and relevance in the asset and liability recognition and measurement rules in Asian (and possibly also other) economies adopting accounting principles that are developed in a Western context.
Feedback Reduction in Broadcast and two Hop Multiuser Networks: A Compressed Sensing Approach

Feedback Reduction in Broadcast and two Hop Multiuser Networks: A Compressed Sensing Approach Hussain J. Shibli In multiuser wireless networks, the base stations (BSs) rely on the channel state information (CSI) of the users to in order to perform user scheduling and downlink transmission. While the downlink channels can be easily estimated at all user terminals via a single broadcast, several key challenges are faced during uplink (feedback) transmission. Firstly, the noisy and fading feedback channels are usually unknown at the base station, and therefore, channel training is usually required from all users. Secondly, the amount of air-time required for feedback transmission grows linearly with the number of users. This domination of the network resources by feedback information leads to increased scheduling delay and outdated CSI at the BS. In this thesis, we tackle the above challenges and propose feedback reduction algorithms based on the theory of compressive sensing (CS). The proposed algorithms encompass both single and dual hop wireless networks, and; i) permit the BS to obtain CSI with acceptable recovery guarantees under substantially reduced feedback overhead, ii) are agnostic to the statistics of the feedback channels, and iii) utilize the apriori statistics of the additive noise to identify strong users. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithms are able to reduce the feedback overhead, improve detection at the BS, and achieve a sum-rate close to that obtained by noiseless 5 dedicated feedback algorithms.
Patient Acceptability of the Yorkshire Dialysis Decision Aid (YoDDA) Booklet: A Prospective Non-Randomized Comparison Study Across 6 Predialysis Services

♦ Background: Patients are satisfied with their kidney care but want more support in making dialysis choices. Predialysis leaflets vary across services, with few being sufficient to enable patients' informed decision making. We describe the acceptability of a patient decision aid and feasibility of evaluating its effectiveness within usual predialysis practice. ♦ Methods: Prospective non-randomized comparison design, Usual Care or Usual Care Plus Yorkshire Dialysis Decision Aid Booklet (+YoDDA), in 6 referral centers (Yorkshire-Humber, UK) for patients with sustained deterioration of kidney function. Consenting (C) patients completed questionnaires after predialysis consultation (T1), and 6 weeks later (T2). Measures assessed YoDDA's utility to support patients' decisions and integration within usual care. ♦ Results: Usual Care (n = 105) and +YoDDA (n = 84) participant characteristics were similar: male (62%), white (94%), age (mean = 62.6; standard deviation [SD] 14.4), kidney disease severity (glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] mean = 14.7; SD 3.7); decisional conflict was < 25; choice-preference for home versus hospital dialysis approximately 50:50. Patients valued receiving YoDDA, reading it on their own (96%), and sharing it with family (72%). The +YoDDA participants had higher scores for understanding kidney disease, reasoning about options, feeling in control, sharing their decision with family. Study engagement varied by center (estimated range 14 – 49%; mean 45%); participants varied in completion of decision quality measures. ♦ Conclusions: Receiving YoDDA as part of predialysis education was valued and useful to patients with worsening kidney disease. Integrating YoDDA actively within predialysis programs will meet clinical guidelines and patient need to support dialysis decision making in the context of patients' lifestyle.
Dual Roles of the Lysine-Rich Matrix Protein (KRMP)-3 in Shell Formation of Pearl Oyster, Pinctada fucata

Matrix proteins play important roles in shell formation. Our group firstly isolated three cDNAs encoding lysine-rich matrix protein from Pinctada fucata in 2006. However, the functions of KRMPs are not fully understood. In addition, KRMPs contain two functional domains, the basic domain and the Gly/Tyr domain respectively. Based on the modular organization, the roles of their two domains were poorly characterized. Furthermore, KRMPs were then reported in other two species, P. maxima and P. margaritifera, which indicated that KRMPs might be very important for shell formation. In this study, the characterization and function of KRMP-3 and its two functional domains were studied in vitro through purification of recombinant glutathione S-transferase tagged KRMP-3 and two KRMP-3 deletion mutants. Western blot and immunofluorescence revealed that native KRMP-3 existed in the EDTA-insoluble matrix of the prismatic layer and was located in the organic sheet and the prismatic sheath. Recombinant KRMP-3 (rKRMP-3) bound tightly to chitin and this binding capacity was duo to the Gly/Tyr-rich region. rKRMP-3 inhibited the precipitation of CaCO3, affected the crystal morphology of calcite and inhibited the growth of aragonite in vitro, which was almost entirely attributed to the lysine-rich region. The results present direct evidence of the roles of KRMP-3 in shell biomineralization. The functional rBR region was found to participate in the growth control of crystals and the rGYR region was responsible to bind to chitin.
Combined bulk and per-tone relay selection in super dense wireless networks

The combined bulk/per-tone transmit antenna selection strategy has been shown to achieve optimal diversity and coding gains for single-hop systems with multiple transmit and receive antennas. In this paper, we extend this strategy to the case in which a set of user pairs communicate via a cluster of intermediary amplify-and-forward relaying nodes. We obtain an upper bound on the outage probability of the network, and a closed-form expression for the multiuser contention probability (the probability that distinct user pairs select the same relay). Consequently, we are able to construct an upper bound on the failure probability of the network, i.e., the probability that either an outage or contention occurs. We show that there exists a critical average end-to-end SNR, above which the outage probability decays exponentially with the number of available relays. In this case, the network failure probability is dominated by the contention probability. Many of our results are of a fundamental (asymptotic) nature, but key results are verified with simulations and illustrated numerically for finite system sizes.
The impact of lesion length and vessel size on outcomes after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation for in-stent restenosis

Objectives: We evaluated the predictors of recurrent restenosis and the impact of lesion length and vessel size on outcomes in patients treated with routine sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) implantation for in-stent restenosis (ISR) of bare-metal stent (BMS). Methods: In this study, 250 consecutive patients with 275 lesions after SES implantation for ISR of BMS were enrolled. Follow-up angiogram was obtained in 239 patients with 258 lesions eight months after implantation (follow-up rate: 95.6%). We compared characteristics of patients and lesions between the two groups (the recurrent restenosis group and the no-restenosis group). Results: Recurrent restenosis was angiographically documented in 43 lesions (16.7%). Recurrent restenosis was found in 30.4% with small vessel lesions (reference diameter of less than 2.5 mm, 92 lesions) and 23% with the diffuse type lesions (106 lesions). Seventy-two per cent of patients had a focal pattern of recurrent restenosis. Previously recurrent ISR lesions (odds ratio (OR) 1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94 to 4.06, p = 0.05), reference diameter of less than 2.5 mm (OR 2.41, CI 1.05 to 5.41, p = 0.03), diffuse type restenosis (OR 4.48, CI 2.12 to 9.94, p = 0.0001) and dialysis patients (OR 4.72, CI 1.42 to 15.7, p = 0.01) were independent predictors of recurrent restenosis. Conclusions: Small vessels, diffuse type restenosis and dialysis patients were still the predictors of recurrent restenosis in patients treated with SES for ISR of BMS.
The impact of foreign institutional investor on stock market liquidity and volatility in India

The volatility of stock market indicators goes beyond anyone's reasonable explanation. Any news or events pertaining to economy directly or indirectly brings lot of volatility in the market. Many factors like Inflation, activities of FII, Instability in political party, US recession, industrial growth rate etc affected the stock market in year 2008. The Indian stock market has grown and growing in terms of volume since last decades. One can give credit to FII (Foreign Institution Investors) for the growth in the market. It has contributed a lot and still contributing. But along with it has brought positive as well as negative impact in the market. An Analyst is of the opinion that FII has a direct relationship with the volatility in the market. When they turn into a net buyer, the market response positive i.e. market goes up and vice-a-versa. The paperfocuses on FII, their activities, contribution and how they are co-related with the volatility in the stock market. Here stock market-BSE sensex data from January 2007 to December 2009 is covered for the analysis purpose.
Classical Pathway Evaluation

This unit describes several assay methods that can be used to determine the functional status of the classical pathway of complement and to quantitate its component proteins. The classical pathway includes C1qrs, C2, C4, C3, C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9, listed in the order in which they interact. Two CH50 assay procedures are presented that test total classical pathway function; one is carried out in test tubes, whereas the alternate protocol describes a variation that is carried out in 96‐well microtiter plates. Three support protocols describe preparing serum and erythrocyte‐antibody complexes (EA) for use in CH50 assays,and titrating of hemolysin for use in EA preparation. As an alternative to functional assays, radial immunodiffusion (RID) methods are also presented. These can be used to measure the concentrations of most circulating complement proteins and to evaluate the functional status of C1‐esterase inhibitor. A fourth support protocol provides a method to determine antibody concentrations for RID assays.
Differential KrasV12 protein levels control a switch regulating lung cancer cell morphology and motility.

INTRODUCTION Oncogenic Kras mutations are important drivers of lung cancer development and metastasis. They are known to activate numerous cellular signaling pathways implicated in enhanced proliferation, survival, tumorigenicity and motility during malignant progression. OBJECTIVES Most previous studies of Kras in cancer have focused on the comparison of cell states in the absence or presence of oncogenic Kras mutations. Here we show that differential expression of the constitutively active mutation KrasV12 has profound effects on cell morphology and motility that drive metastatic processes. METHODS The study relies on lung cancer cell transformation models, patient-derived lung cancer cell lines, and human lung tumor sections combined with molecular biology techniques, live-cell imaging and staining methods. RESULTS Our analysis shows two cell functional states driven by KrasV12 protein levels: a non-motile state associated with high KrasV12 levels and tumorigenicity, and a motile state associated with low KrasV12 levels and cell dissemination. Conversion between the states is conferred by differential activation of a mechano-sensitive double-negative feedback between KrasV12/ERK/Myosin II and matrix-adhesion signaling. KrasV12 expression levels change upon cues such as hypoxia and integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesion, rendering KrasV12 levels an integrator of micro-environmental signals that translate into cellular function. By live cell imaging of tumor models we observe shedding of mixed high and low KrasV12 expressers forming multi-functional collectives with potentially optimal metastatic properties composed of a highly mobile and a highly tumorigenic unit. DISCUSSION Together these data highlight previously unappreciated roles for the quantitative effects of expression level variation of oncogenic signaling molecules in conferring fundamental alterations in cell function regulation required for cancer progression.
Does Adjuvant Treatment with Chinese Herbal Medicine to Antidiabetic Agents Have Additional Benefits in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes? A System Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Introduction In the present meta-analysis, we aimed to determine the effects of adjuvant treatment with Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) on antidiabetic agents having additional benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods Randomized controlled trials were identified by searching the Cochrane Library, PUBMED, EMBASE, MEDLINE, the China National Knowledge Internet, Web of Science, Global Health, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts and the China biology medicine, Wanfang, and VIP databases. The intervention group received CHM as add-on treatment to antidiabetic agents therapy, and the control group received placebos in addition to antidiabetic agents or antidiabetic agents alone. We assessed pooled data, including weighted mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model. Results A total of 125 randomized controlled trials were included. 10 articles were included based on literature screening. All trials contrasted Chinese herbal medicines or Chinese herbal medicines + antidiabetic agents with placebo or antidiabetic agents + placebo and included a total of 2004 individuals with T2DM. All selected trials displayed evidence of high methodological quality and possessed a low risk of bias. Meta-analysis of the trials demonstrated that Chinese herbal medicines resulted in a more favorable blood glucose profile in contrast to placebo (P<0.05). The total efficacy rate differed significantly between the two groups (P<0.001). All ten included studies reported the occurrence of tolerable adverse effects. Conclusions The results showed that in the intervention group, greater reductions were achieved for glucose control and body weight. The combined use of drugs improves the curative effect and has fewer adverse events and has additional benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes. This trial is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018093867).
A Framework for Evaluating the Cost-Effectiveness of Demand

and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) in June 2011. Part of that implementation proposal called for a " National Forum " on demand response to be conducted by DOE and FERC. Given the rapid development of the demand response industry, DOE and FERC decided that a "virtual" project, convening state officials, industry representatives, members of a National Action Plan Coalition, and experts from research organizations to work together over a short, defined period to share ideas, examine barriers, and explore solutions for demand response to deliver its benefits, would be more effective than an in-person conference. Working groups were formed in the following four areas, with DOE funding to support their efforts, focusing on key demand response technical, programmatic, and policy issues: 1. Framework for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of demand response; 2. Measurement and verification for demand response resources; 3. Program design and implementation of demand response programs; and, 4. Assessment of analytical tools and methods for demand response. Each working group has published either a final report or series of reports that summarizes its view of what remains to be done in their subject area. This document is one of those reports. plan for implementation, with roles for the private and public sectors, at the state, regional and local levels, and is designed to meet three objectives: 1. Identify requirements for technical assistance to States to allow them to maximize the amount of demand response resources that can be developed and deployed; 2. Design and identify requirements for implementation of a national communications program that includes broad-based customer education and support; and 3. Develop or identify analytical tools, information, model regulatory provisions, model contracts, and other support materials for use by customers, states, utilities, and demand response providers. The content of this report does not imply an endorsement by the individuals or organizations that are participating in NAPDR Working Groups, or reflect the views, policies, or otherwise of the U.S. Federal government.