Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Interferon Lambda 3 Gene Polymorphism on Natural Course and Treatment of Hepatitis C

Host genetic factors may predict the outcome and treatment response in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Very recently, three landmark genome-wide association studies identified single nucleotide polymorphisms near the interleukin 28B (IL28B) region which were more frequent in responders to treatment. IL28B encodes interferon (IFN)λ3, a type III IFN involved in host antiviral immunity. Favourable variants of the two most widely studied IL28B polymorphisms, rs12979860 and rs8099917, are strong pretreatment predictors of early viral clearance and sustained viral response in patients with genotype 1 HCV infection. Further investigations have implicated IL28B in the development of chronic HCV infection versus spontaneous resolution of acute infection and suggest that IL28B may be a key factor involved in host immunity against HCV. This paper presents an overview about the biological activity and clinical applications of IL28B, summarizing the available data on its impact on HCV infection. Moreover, the potential usefulness of IFNλ in the treatment and natural history of this disease is also discussed.
News from Nowhere: Television and the News

A detailed, probing analysis of the economic, political, and journalistic structure of network news organizations. Edward Jay Epstein shows that internal corporate policy and budgetary requirements shape the directions of TV news coverage. Television news does not mirror reality -- TV's essential aim is not to inform but to excite viewers enough to induce them to stay tuned.
Affine Projection Algorithm with Variable Data-Reuse Factor

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Stochastic Efficiency Analysis with Risk Aversion Bounds: A Simplified Approach

A method of stochastic dominance analysis with respect to a function (SDRF) is described and illustrated. The method, called stochastic efficiency with respect to a function (SERF), orders a set of risky alternatives in terms of certainty equivalents for a specified range of attitudes to risk. It can be applied for conforming utility functions with risk attitudes defined by corresponding ranges of absolute, relative or partial risk aversion coefficients. Unlike conventional SDRF, SERF involves comparing each alternative with all the other alternatives simultaneously, not pairwise, and hence can produce a smaller efficient set than that found by simple pairwise SDRF over the same range of risk attitudes. Moreover, the method can be implemented in a simple spreadsheet with no special software needed.
The impact of the R&D efficiency on technological innovation in developing countries

Innovation is a key success factor for enterprises and a factor in creating wealth for the country. Hence, it's very important to study its determinants. Although the financial and human resources in research and development (R&D) have been the subject of several empirical studies, the efficient use of these resources has been ignored and has not been recognized as a determinant of innovation. The present study attempts to fill this gap in the literature. Its purpose is to test the effect of R&D efficiency on technological innovation in 14 developing countries during the period (2000-2010). After estimating the R&D efficiency scores by the stochastic frontier approach, we estimated a linear regression model where innovation is explained by these efficiency scores. The results show that R&D efficiency levels have a significant positive impact on the international rate of innovation. The main conclusion from this study is that to innovate, countries need to increase not only the amount of resources for innovation activity, but also the quality of management of existing resources.
Magnitud e intensidad de la internacionalización de la gran distribución minorista: una comparativa internacional

En los ultimos anos se observa una marcada tendencia hacia la internacionalizacion por parte de las grandes empresas minoristas. La literatura destaca que este proceso de internacionalizacion de la distribucion presenta caracteristicas diferenciales con respecto a la expansion en los mercados exteriores por parte de fabricantes. Sin embargo, las diferencias en la propension a la internacionalizacion entre distintos tipos de minoristas aun ha recibido escasa atencion. Por ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar la magnitud e intensidad del proceso de internacionalizacion de las principales cadenas de distribucion europeas, a traves de un analisis comparativo de las principales ensenas francesas, britanicas y espanolas. A traves de la combinacion de diversos metodos (tablas de frecuencias y de contingencia, analisis de la varianza y analisis de regresion), se obtiene evidencia a favor de la relacion entre diversas caracteristicas de la empresa y sus resultados con respecto a su grado de internacionalizacion. En concreto, el pais de origen de la empresa y el sector de actividad en el que opera influyen significativamente en la propension de la empresa comercial hacia la internacionalizacion. En cambio, variables tradicionalmente relacionadas con la internacionalizacion de la empresa fabricante, como el tamano, no parecen ejercer una influencia significativa sobre la propension a la expansion internacional del minorista.
Toward the Automatic Generation of Cued Speech

Although Manual Cued Speech (MCS) can greatly facilitate both education and communication for the deaf, its use is limited to situations in which the talker, or a transliterator, is able to produce cues for the cue receiver. The availability of automatically produced cues would substantially relax this restriction. However, it is unclear whether current automatic speech recognition (ASR) technology would be adequate for producing cues automatically. To evaluate this adequacy, we measured the speech reception scores achieved by highly experienced receivers of MCS when cues were produced by one actual and several hypothesized ASR systems, as well with speechreading alone and with MCS. The systems studied modelled the effects of various types of errors and delays associated with the recognition process, and included a representative state-of-the-art, speaker-dependent phonetic recognizer. Results indicate that while current speaker-independent recognition technology probably would not provide useful cues, the cues provided by a speaker-dependent ASR would aid speech reception substantially. The benefit provided by automatically generated cues is heavily dependent on the use of an effective visual display that minimizes the effects of recognition delays so that cues are perceived in synchrony with facial actions.
Auto94p: an Experimental Parallel Version of Auto Auto94p : an Experimental Parallel Version of Auto

A detailed description is given of the parallel algorithms used in AUTO94P, an experimental parallel version of the software AUTO for the numerical bifurcation analysis of systems of ordinary di erential equations. Timing results and user instructions for the Intel Delta are included. The sequential version of the software, AUTO94, is fully described in [8]. For a related tutorial paper see [5, 6]. 2
EL with default attributes and overriding

Biomedical ontologies and semantic web policy languages based on description logics (DLs) provide fresh motivations for extending DLs with nonmonotonic inferences--a topic that has attracted a significant amount of attention along the years. Despite this, nonmonotonic inferences are not yet supported by the existing DL engines. One reason is the high computational complexity of the existing decidable fragments of nonmonotonic DLs. In this paper we identify a fragment of circumscribed EL⊥ that supports attribute inheritance with specificity-based overriding (much like an object-oriented language), and such that reasoning about default attributes is in P.
MONETARY POLICY CREDIBILITY AND PRICE UNCERTAINTY: THE NEW ZEALAND EXPERIENCE OF INFLATION TARGETING

IV . Empirical model and data parameters . 162 A . Empirical model . 162 B . Hypothesis tests . 168 V . Estimation results . 169 A . Legislative influences . 169 B . Price volatility and business-cycle influences . 170 C . Target variables and past inflation . 171 D . Price uncertainty and monetary conditions . 172 VI . Conclusions . 173
Implementation of a human model for head stabilization on a humanoid platform

The neuroscientific research shows that humans tend to stabilize their head orientation, while accomplishing a locomotor task. In order to replicate head movement behaviors found in human walk it is necessary and sufficient to be able to control the orientation (roll, pitch and yaw) of the head in space. The described behaviors can be replicated by giving suitable references to the head orientation. Based on these principles, a model based on an inverse kinematics controller has been designed. In this paper we introduce implementation of the model on a humanoid platform. Along we present results of two sets of experiments performed to verify two aspects of the proposed model. The results prove that the model can be used to efficiently stabilize the head's orientation.
Heuristic Genetic Algori thms for General Capacitated Lot-Sizing Problems

The lot-sizing problems address the issue of determining the production lot-sizes of various items appearing in consecutive production stages over a given finite planning horizon. In general capacitated lot-sizing problems, the product structure can be a general acyclic network, the capacity constraints can be very sophisticated, and all the known parameters can be time-varying. This paper proposes heuristic genetic algorithms for these problems by designing a domain-specific encoding scheme for the lot-sizes and by providing a heuristic shifting procedure as the decoding schedule. The main contribution of these genetic algorithms is the presentation technique that encodes only the binary variables for the setup patterns but derives other decision variables by making use of the problem-specific knowledge. Some results from the computational experiments are also given.
Reconceptualizing the classification of PNAS articles

PNAS article classification is rooted in long-standing disciplinary divisions that do not necessarily reflect the structure of modern scientific research. We reevaluate that structure using latent pattern models from statistical machine learning, also known as mixed-membership models, that identify semantic structure in co-occurrence of words in the abstracts and references. Our findings suggest that the latent dimensionality of patterns underlying PNAS research articles in the Biological Sciences is only slightly larger than the number of categories currently in use, but it differs substantially in the content of the categories. Further, the number of articles that are listed under multiple categories is only a small fraction of what it should be. These findings together with the sensitivity analyses suggest ways to reconceptualize the organization of papers published in PNAS.
Stock Returns Following Profit Warnings Paper Number : 04 / 02

We examine stock returns following unexpected corporate announcements that are described as profit warnings. Warnings fall into two classes: those that include a new earnings forecast, and those that offer only the guidance that earnings will be below current expectations. We find significant negative post-event abnormal returns in the first three months following both types of warning. We also find that abnormal returns are significantly more negative following qualitative warnings. This suggests that underreaction is more significant when news is imprecise. This in turn has implications for how underreaction might be explained.
MMP 13 is potentially a new tumor marker for breast cancer diagnosis

Within the past decade, the incidence of breast cancer in Taiwan has been rising year after year. Breast cancer is the first most prevalent cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in Taiwan. The early stage of breast cancer not only have a wider range of therapeutic options, but also obtain a higher success rate of therapy than those with advanced breast cancer. A test for tumor markers is the most convenient method to screen for breast cancer. However, the tumor markers currently available for breast cancer detection include carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 15.3 (CA15.3), and carbohydrate antigen 27.29 (CA27.29) exhibited certain limitations. Poor sensitivity and specificity greatly limits the diagnostic accuracy of these markers. This study aims to identify potential tumor markers for breast cancer. At first, we analyzed genes expression in infiltrating lobular carcinoma, metaplastic carcinoma, and infiltrating ductal carcinoma of paired specimens (tumor and normal tissue) from breast cancer patients using microarray technology. We selected 371 over-expressed genes in all of the three cell type. In advanced breast cancer tissue, we detected four genes MMP13, CAMP, COL10A1 and FLJ25416 from 25 overexpressed genes which encoded secretion protein more specifically for breast cancer than other genes. After validation with 15 pairs of breast cancer tissue and paired to normal adjacent tissues by membrane array and quantitative RT-PCR, we found MMP13 was 100% overexpressed and confirmed to be a secreted protein by Western blot analysis of the cell culture medium. The expression level of MMP13 was also measured by immunohistochemical staining. We suggest that MMP13 is a highly overexpressed secretion protein in breast cancer tissue. It has potential to be a new tumor marker for breast cancer diagnosis.
TCAD simulation and development within the European DOTFIVE project on 500GHz SiGe:C HBT's

The TCAD infrastructure developed within the DOTFIVE project [1] is described. The hierarchical TCAD platform includes different Boltzmann equation solvers as well as simulators based on the widely used drift-diffusion and hydrodynamic transport models. In the latter case, accurate physical models were generated. The TCAD platform is used to explore the physics of extremely scaled devices and investigate new device concepts and architectures.
What Happened to the US Stock Market? Accounting for the Last 50 Years

The extreme volatility of stock market values has been the subject of a large body of literature. Previous research focused on the short run because of a widespread belief that, in the long run, the market reverts to well understood fundamentals. Our work suggests this belief should be questioned as well. First, we show actual dividends cannot account for the secular trends of stock market values. We then consider a more comprehensive measure of capital income. This measure displays large secular fluctuations that roughly coincide with changes in stock market trends. Under perfect foresight, however, this measure fails to account for stock market movements as well. We thus abandon the perfect foresight assumption. Assuming instead that forecasts of future capital income are performed using a distributed lag equation and information available up to the forecasting period only, we find that standard asset pricing theory can be reconciled with the secular trends in the stock market. Nevertheless, our study leaves open an important puzzle for asset pricing theory: the market value of U.S. corporations was much lower than the replacement cost of corporate tangible assets from the mid 1970s to the mid 1980s.
Paradys: A scalable infrastructure for parallel circuit simulation

We detail the design of a scalable infrastructure, called Paradys, developed for parallel circuit simulation. Early measurements of its scalability (some 0.9x of parallel efficiency) are encouraging signs to measure on larger parallel configurations as well as to envision its application for simulation of deep sub-micron technology. This good scalability is, in great part, achieved thanks to a dynamically managed memory gap, called ShMC++, reducing the number of memory accesses in the given shared memory environment. Actual measurements show an increase, due to ShMC++, of the overall speed-up of Paradys parallel infrastructure going from 14% to 78% depending on the original memory access rate.
Denitrification and nutrient assimilation on a restored oyster reef

At a restored reef site and a control site in the Choptank River, Maryland, USA, we partially quantified the effect of oyster reef resto- ration on the removal of nutrients from the water column by determining seasonal fluxes of oxygen (O2), ammonium (NH4 + ), combined nitrate and nitrite (NO2+3), di-nitrogen (N2) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and by assessing the assimilation of nutrients by macrofauna. Fluxes of O2, NH4 + , NO2+ 3 and SRP at the restored site were enhanced by at least one order of magnitude during all sea- sons. Seasonal denitrification rates at the restored site, measured as flux of N2-N, ranged from 0.3 to 1.6 mmol N2-N m −2 h −1 , with August rates among the highest ever recorded for an aquatic system. In addition to oysters (131 oysters m −2 ; average shell height = 114 mm; age = 2 to 7 yr), the restored reef provided habitat for 24 585 other macrobenthic organisms per square meter compared to 2265 or - ganisms m −2 at the control site. Restoration en - hanced the average standing stock of assimilated nutrients by 95 g N m −2 and 15 g P m −2 . Nitrogen and phosphorus in shells of live oysters and mus- sels accounted for 47 and 48% of total nitrogen and phosphorus standing stocks, respectively. Our results demonstrate that oyster reef restoration can significantly increase denitrification rates and enhance nutrient sequestration via assimilation into bivalve shells.
Critical success factors for software projects

Systematic reuse is becoming an increasingly popular way to improve software development productivity and quality. The implementation of a software reuse methodology requires substantial investments for the company. The factors that contribute to the overall success of reuse for an organization have been examined in prior research. However, even in organizations that are successful in employing reuse, some projects may fail to achieve the targeted amounts of reuse. This suggests that there are other factors beyond the overall organizational factors affecting the success of software reuse in projects. This research explores the factors contributing to reuse success of individual projects in organizations that practice systematic software reuse methodologies. Structured interviews are conducted with software developers to identify the factors and project data is scrutinized to assess the impact of these factors. Reuse success is measured by the reuse percentage achieved. A large scale survey of software development firms will be used to empirically tests the relevance of the identified factors to systematic reuse in general. We believe that an organization that can identify the factors affecting potential software reuse will be able to better target investments in the improvement of reuse methodology and thus influence the software productivity and quality.
Population Growth and Socioeconomic Progress in Less Developed Countries: Determinants of Fertility Transition

Review of Major Explanations of Fertility Transition Fertility Determinants in Developing Countries An Empirical Model of the Fertility Transition for Contemporary LDCs Extending the Model: Endogenizing Family Planning Program Effort Regression Diagnostics Realigning the Sample Analysis of Residuals An Eclectic Model of the Fertility Transition Conclusions Appendix A: Data Appendix B: Influence Diagnostics
Notice of RetractionElectrophysiology research on striatum neurons after exercise-induced fatigue

Exercise-induced fatigue is a complex phenomenon involving the central nervous system (CNS) and muscle. In CNS, striatum is one of the key basal ganglia components which controls planning and execution of motor behaviors. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of exercise-induced fatigue on striatum neuron's excitability. 56 rats were divided into control group (CG) and fatigue group (FG). 10-day load- increasing swimming method was used to set up exercise-induced fatigue animal model. Rats' body weight and chemical indexes (CK&BU) were monitored. Extra cellular microelectrode recording technique in vivo was used to record striatum neurons spontaneous firing. In CG, high discharge frequency neuron's percentage is only 6% while in FG it increased to 19% (P<;0.05); in CG we recorded regular firing, irregular firing, and regular-irregular firing styles, while in FG we recorded not only these three styles but also special regular bursting firing style; in FG the high frequency neurons are mainly focused in the dorsolateral part of striatum. Excitability of striatum neurons changed after exercise-induced fatigue. High frequency firing neuron's percentage increased significantly. Bursting firing of the striatum neuron may the special modulate pattern for motor function during the status of fatigue.
Economic Geography and Public Policy

Economic Geography and Public Policy fills the gap by illustrating many new policy insights economic geography models can offer to the realm of theoretical policy analysis. Focusing primarily on trade policy, tax policy, and regional policy, Richard Baldwin and coauthors show how these models can be used to make sense of real-world situations. The book not only provides much fresh analysis but also synthesizes insights from the existing literature.The authors begin by presenting and analyzing the widest range of new economic geography models to date. From there they proceed to examine previously unaddressed welfare and policy issues including, in separate sections, trade policy (unilateral, reciprocal, and preferential), tax policy (agglomeration with taxes and public goods, tax competition and agglomeration), and regional policy (infrastructure policies and the political economy of regional subsidies). A well-organized, engaging narrative that progresses smoothly from fundamentals to more complex material, Economic Geography and Public Policy is essential reading for graduate students, researchers, and policymakers seeking new approaches to spatial policy issues.
Close Form Pricing of Plain and Partial Outside Double Barrier Options

Outside Double Barrier Options are two-asset options where the payoff is defined on one asset and the barrier is defined on another asset. This paper gives the formulas for Outside Double Barrier Options where the barrier is either plain or partially monitored at the front, rear and middle. Since the corresponding Outside Single Barrier Options prices can be written down by taking the corresponding upper (lower) barrier to infinity (zero), the formulas in this paper can be also used as a reference for Outside Single Barrier Options.