Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topological Randomness and Number of Edges Predict Modular Structure in Functional Brain Networks

In a recent paper, Bassett et al. (2011) have analyzed the static and dynamic organization of functional brain networks in humans. We here focus on the first claim made in this paper, which states that the static modular structure of such networks is nested with respect to time. Bassett et al. (2011) argue that this graded structure underlines a "multiscale modular structure". In this letter, however, we show that such a relationship is substantially mediated by an increase in the random variation of the correlation coefficients computed at different time scales.
Verification of Live Palm-Print Using Sub-images Reconstruction

Palm-print recognition is recently emerged as new personal verification for reliable identification and alternative for latent comparison of unsolved cases for suspect criminals in forensic science. This paper deals with comparison of live palm-print using sub image divided from the whole image by capturing of high resolution live scanner. Proposed method is very robust and accurate with live sample test set with comparison of fingerprint template matching.
Diversity and evolution of the Wolbachia endosymbionts of Bemisia (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) whiteflies

Wolbachia is the most prevalent symbiont described in arthropods to date. Wolbachia can manipulate host reproduction, provide nutrition to insect hosts and protect insect hosts from pathogenic viruses. So far, 13 supergroups of Wolbachia have been identified. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a complex containing more than 28 morphologically indistinguishable cryptic species. Some cryptic species of this complex are invasive. In this study, we report a comprehensive survey of Wolbachia in B. tabaci and its relative B. afer from 1658 insects representing 54 populations across 13 provinces of China and one state of Australia. Based on the results of PCR or sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, the overall rates of Wolbachia infection were 79.6% and 0.96% in the indigenous and invasive Bemisia whiteflies, respectively. We detected a new Wolbachia supergroup by sequencing five molecular marker genes including 16S rRNA, groEL, gltA, hcpA, and fbpA genes. Data showed that many protein-coding genes have limitations in detecting and classifying newly identified Wolbachia supergroups and thus raise a challenge to the known Wolbachia MLST standard analysis system. Besides, the other Wolbachia strains detected from whiteflies were clustered into supergroup B. Phylogenetic trees of whitefly mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I and Wolbachia multiple sequencing typing genes were not congruent. In addition, Wolbachia was also detected outside the special bacteriocytes in two cryptic species by fluorescence in situ hybridization, indicating the horizontal transmission of Wolbachia. Our results indicate that members of Wolbachia are far from well explored.
An all-sky optical catalogue of radio/X-ray sources

We present an all-sky catalogue that aligns and overlays the ROSAT HRI, RASS, PSPC and WGA X-ray catalogues and the NVSS, FIRST and SUMSS radio catalogues onto the optical APM and USNO-A catalogues. Objects presented are those APM/USNO-A optical objects which are calculated with ≥ $ 40$% confidence to be associated with radio/X-ray detections, or which are identified as known QSOs, AGN or BL Lacs, totalling 501 761 objects in all, including 48 285 QSOs and 21 498 double radio lobe detections. For each radio/X-ray associated optical object we display the calculated percentage probabilities of its being a QSO, galaxy, star, or erroneous radio/X-ray association, plus any identification from the literature. The catalogue includes 86 009 objects which were not previously identified and which we list as being 40% to >99% likely to be a QSO. As a byproduct of the construction of this catalogue, we are able to list comprehensive ROSAT field shifts as determined by our whole-sky likelihood algorithm, and also plate-by-plate photometric recalibration of the complete APM and USNO-A2.0 optical catalogues, significantly improving accuracy for objects of >15 mag. The catalogue is available wholly and in subsets at http://quasars.org/qorg-data.htm
A study of women who are headteachers and mothers

This study focuses upon the experience of identity through gathering and studying accounts of the personal and professional lives of twenty women who are headteachers and mothers in the North Midlands of England. The enquiry is shaped by a conceptual framework which grows out of an in depth review of the UK and international literature. The interplay between agency and structure within the social construction of a gendered identity and the value systems based upon this lead to a consideration of the history of headship and its reworking, within Government agenda, as school leadership through the National College for School Leadership. A consideration of research methodology explains the choice of survey as a qualitative approach influenced by the feminist stance, and a semi-structured interview method. Presentation and analysis of the fieldwork has an emphasis on ensuring that the subjects’ voices are prioritised. The complex dialogic nature of identity is clearly heard and the women demonstrate that their struggle for agency within this demands a manipulation of Government and social agenda.
A data-driven mixture kernel for count data classification using support vector machines

In this paper, we investigate the problem of training support vector machines (SVMs) on count data. Multinomial generalized Dirichlet mixture models allow us to model efficiently count data. On the other hand, SVMs permit good discrimination. We propose, then, a hybrid model that appropriately combines their advantages. Finite mixture models are introduced, as an SVM kernel, to incorporate prior knowledge about the nature of data involved in the problem at hand. In the context of this model, we compare different kernels. Through an application involving image database categorization, we find that our data-driven kernel performs better.
An Intrinsic Characterization of Properness for Linear Time-varying Systems

The notion of properness, well-known for constant linear systems, is generalized to the time-varying case. In a module theoretic framework intrinsic characterizations of input-output system properness are derived. For this, ltrations and the associated Hilbert polynomials are used. Classical criteria for properness of polynomial and state representations for constant linear systems are generalized to the time-varying case. As a measure for the non-properness, an input-output index of a system is de ned intrinsically which is directly related to the index of implicit systems of di erential equations.
Dita : Enabling Gesture-based Human-Device Interaction using Mobile Phone

In this paper, we describe Dita, a gesture-based control system for a mobile phone user to interact with surrounding devices in a smart home setting. It enables the user to draw simple gestures in free space to select and control a networked device. It devises a high-resolution, acoustic based localization and tracking scheme to trace the gesture-bearing phone’s movement trajectory at runtime. It further uses a simple and robust scheme to recognize and interpret the intended gesture in a context-aware fashion. Our prototype implementation has confirmed that gesture-based humandevice interaction can be built with today’s commodity devices while not relying on sophisticated hardware or elaborated setup. Our evaluation shows that the system is effective and reliable in recognizing simple gestures commonly used in daily life.
Anisotropic Kernel Smoothing in Diffusion Tensor Imaging : Theoretical Framework

We present a theoretical framework for smoothing diffusion tensor images. We formulate smoothing data along the white fiber tracks as iterated a nisotropic Gaussian kernel smoothing. The formulation is derived from the constructio n of the transitional probability of diffusion process. The smoothing is performed in such a way that it smooth data more along the most likely direction of water molecule d iffusion direction. Statistical properties of our smoothing are also presented.
A Comparison of Angiographic CT and Multisection CT in Lumbar Myelographic Imaging

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The purpose of this work was to provide an intraindividual comparison of angiographic CT (ACT) and multisection CT (MSCT) in lumbar myelographic imaging and to evaluate possible benefits of ACT, which is a further development of rotational angiography providing image data of high spatial and CT-like contrast resolution. MATERIALS AND METHODS:In 26 patients with degenerative lumbar spine disease a lumbar ACT was performed in combination with conventional lumbar myelography and followed by postmyelographic MSCT. Conventional lumbar myelography and lumbar ACT were performed with a flat panel detector–equipped angiographic device. Postmyelographic MSCT was performed with a 16-section CT scanner. Three experienced neuroradiologists rated anonymized sets of multiplanar reformatted CT and ACT images regarding diagnostic and technical parameters. The ratings were repeated after 2 months. Weighted κ statistics were calculated to describe the levels of intraobserver and interobserver agreement. RESULTS:The analysis shows that MSCT achieves higher ratings than ACT in all of the parameters asked. An adequate diagnostic quality was only assigned to 80% of the ACT acquisitions compared with 97% of the MSCT acquisitions. All of the mean κ values were above 0.60, demonstrating a substantial intraobserver and interobserver agreement for MSCT, as well as for ACT. CONCLUSION:Using ACT, radiographic myelography and myelographic CT can be performed at the same imaging system. However, the results of our study show that the current myelographic ACT image quality fails to apply diagnostic standards. We, therefore, cannot recommend ACT as a general alternative to postmyelographic MSCT.
Neuroprotection by Encephalomyelitis: Rescue of Mechanically Injured Neurons and Neurotrophin Production by CNS-Infiltrating T and Natural Killer Cells

In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), CD4+ self-reactive T cells target myelin components of the CNS. However, the consequences of an autoaggressive T cell response against myelin for neurons are currently unknown. We herein demonstrate that EAE induced by active immunization with an encephalitogenic myelin basic protein peptide dramatically reduces the loss of spinal motoneurons after ventral root avulsion in rats. Both brain-derived neurotophic factor (BDNF)- and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3)-like immunoreactivities were detected in mainly T and natural killer (NK) cells in the spinal cord. In addition, very high levels of BDNF, NT-3, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor mRNAs were present in T and NK cell populations infiltrating the CNS. Interestingly, bystander recruited NK and T cells displayed similar or higher neurotrophic factor levels compared with the EAE disease-driving encephalitogenic T cell population. High levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) mRNAs were also detected, and both these cytokines can be harmful to several types of CNS cells, including neurons. However, treatment of embryonic motoneuron cultures with TNF-α or IFN-γ only had a deleterious effect in cultures deprived of neurotrophic factors. These results suggest that the potentially neurodamaging consequences of severe CNS inflammation are curbed by the production of several potent neurotrophic factors in leukocytes.
Body Pigmentation as a Risk Factor for the Formation of Intracranial Aneurysms

Recent studies demonstrated pigmented cells both in the murine heart, in pulmonary veins, and in brain arteries. Moreover, a role for melanocytes in the downregulation of inflammatory processes was suggested. As there is increasing evidence that inflammation is contributing significantly to the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms, melanocyte-like cells may be relevant in preventing age-related impairment of vessels. As pigmentation of the heart reflects that of coat color, aspects of body pigmentation might be associated with the incidence of intracranial aneurysms. We performed a case-control study to evaluate associations between the pigmentation of hair and eyes and the formation of aneurysms. In addition to hair and eye color, constitutive and facultative skin pigmentation were assessed in a replication study as well as individual handedness which can be seen as a neurophysiological correlate of developmental pigmentation processes. Hair pigmentation was highly associated with intracranial aneurysms in both samples, whereas eye pigmentation was not. In the replication cohort, facultative but not constitutive skin pigmentation proved significant. The strongest association was observed for individual handedness. Results indicate a significant association of intracranial aneurysms with particular aspects of body pigmentation as well as handedness, and imply clinical usefulness for screening of aneurysms and possible interventions.
Statistical measure for assisting the multilingual information retrieval system evaluation using Normalized Distance Measure

Multilingual information retrieval system (MLIR) retrieves relevant information from multiple languages in response to a user query in a single source language. Effectiveness of multilingual information retrieval is measured using Mean Average Precision (MAP). The main feature of multilingual information retrieval is the score list of one language cannot be compared with other language score list. MAP does not consider this feature. We propose a new metric Normalized Distance Measure (NDM) for measuring the effectiveness of MLIR systems. NDM considers the MLIR features. Our analysis states that NDM metric gives credits to MLIR systems that retrieve highly relevant multilingual documents.
Application of K-Means Algorithm for Efficient Customer Segmentation: A Strategy for Targeted Customer Services

The emergence of many business competitors has engendered severe rivalries among competing businesses in gaining new customers and retaining old ones. Due to the preceding, the need for exceptional customer services becomes pertinent, notwithstanding the size of the business. Furthermore, the ability of any business to understand each of its customers’ needs will earn it greater leverage in providing targeted customer services and developing customised marketing programs for the customers. This understanding can be possible through systematic customer segmentation. Each segment comprises customers who share similar market characteristics. The ideas of Big data and machine learning have fuelled a terrific adoption of an automated approach to customer segmentation in preference to traditional market analyses that are often inefficient especially when the number of customers is too large. In this paper, the k-Means clustering algorithm is applied for this purpose. A MATLAB program of the k-Means algorithm was developed (available in the appendix) and the program is trained using a z-score normalised two-feature dataset of 100 training patterns acquired from a retail business. The features are the average amount of goods purchased by customer per month and the average number of customer visits per month. From the dataset, four customer clusters or segments were identified with 95% accuracy, and they were labeled: High-Buyers-Regular-Visitors (HBRV), High-Buyers-Irregular-Visitors (HBIV), Low-Buyers-Regular-Visitors (LBRV) and Low-Buyers-Irregular-Visitors (LBIV).
A 3x3mm2 embedded-wafer-level packaged WCDMA GaAs HBT power amplifier module with integrated Si DC power management IC

This paper presents a highly compact 3 times 3 mm2 WCDMA power amplifier (PA) module which integrates a GaAs HBT MMIC PA and a Si DC power management IC into one single package. A closed-loop controlled DC-DC buck converter allows the power management IC to adaptively optimize the PA collector voltage as a function of output power and thereby reduce current consumption under backoff operation. A novel embedded-wafer-level-package (EWLP) technology is developed for module miniaturization. Redistribution layers and bumps are formed on the Si IC to create the wafer level package (WLP). The EWLP is then fabricated by embedding the WLP IC inside the core of the module. The MMIC PA is mounted on the surface of the module, creating a vertical integration for size reduction. The PA module (PAM) achieves excellent current reduction over a wide range of output power (Pout) up to 27.5 dBm, while maintaining ACLR1 below -40 dBc. At 16 dBm and 24 dBm Pout, the current consumptions are reduced from 162 mA and 370 mA, to 65 mA and 237 mA, respectively, compared to the conventional PA.
Arthrodesis and Hemiarthroplasty: Different Techniques in the Treatment of Hallux Rigidus—Surgery and Postoperative Rehabilitation

Hallux rigidus (HR) is a progressive degenerative pathology affecting the first metatarsophalangeal joint. The aim of the present study is to report our experience on the treatment of HR patients with two different surgical methods: arthrodesis and hemiarthroplasty. Twelve patients (14 HR) underwent surgery for HR from July 2004 to October 2009. Median age was 58 years (Interquartile Range (IQR) 52.75–65.0). At time of surgery, patients had different grades of HR, according to the Regnauld modified classification. The outcome was assessed using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Hallux Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal (HMI) scale. Controls were performed at one month and then at mid-term follow-up (median 48 months; IQR 29.3–58.0). In the arthrodesis group (n = 6 HR) we observed a median improvement of 35.5 points (IQR 34.75–36.0; p = 0.036) at the early follow-up. In the hemiarthroplasty (n = 8 HR) group the median of differences at the one-month follow-up was 33 (IQR 30.5–33.0; p = 0.022). At mid-term follow-up the arthrodesis group showed the median difference score of 35 (IQR 33.0–35.25) in comparison with the hemiarthroplasty group which showed a median score of 30.5 (IQR 28.0–32.5). Our results are consistent with the current understanding of two surgical techniques for the treatment of HR: nowadays, arthrodesis is considered the treatment of choice in grade III and IV. Hemiarthroplasty seems to be a promising option. Management of pain and joint flexibility are fundamental to prevent relapses and restore the Range Of Motion (ROM) in dorsal flexion. This article is a retrospective case series with a level of evidence 4.
Comparison of PSD of HRV and DFA of EEG during general anesthesia

To investigate the effect of PSD of HRV and DFA of EEG on autonomic nervous system activity and central nervous activity during general anesthesia. Fifteen ASA physical status I and II patients scheduled for TAH(Total Abdominal Hysterectomy). Patients were received to sadation with sevoflurane. The PSD(power spectrum density) of HRV(heart rate variability) and DFA(detrended fluctuation analysis) of EEG were used for the analysis. These values were measured at the preanesthetic period, intubation, operation, extubation and post-anesthesia with sedation. PSD and DFA of the ECG and EEG data were assessed to quantify the frequency band and the fractal and self-similarity properties of EEG signal.
Gestalt Reasoning with Conjunctions and Disjunctions

Reasoning, solving mathematical equations, or planning written and spoken sentences all must factor in stimuli perceptual properties. Indeed, thinking processes are inspired by and subsequently fitted to concrete objects and situations. It is therefore reasonable to expect that the mental representations evoked when people solve these seemingly abstract tasks should interact with the properties of the manipulated stimuli. Here, we investigated the mental representations evoked by conjunction and disjunction expressions in language-picture matching tasks. We hypothesised that, if these representations have been derived using key Gestalt principles, reasoners should use perceptual compatibility to gauge the goodness of fit between conjunction/disjunction descriptions (e.g., the purple and/ or the green) and corresponding binary visual displays. Indeed, the results of three experimental studies demonstrate that reasoners associate conjunction descriptions with perceptually-dependent stimuli and disjunction descriptions with perceptually-independent stimuli, where visual dependency status follows the key Gestalt principles of common fate, proximity, and similarity.
View graphs for analysis and testing of programs at different abstraction levels

This paper introduces view graphs, which allow representation of source code for program analysis and testing at different levels of abstraction. At a low level of abstraction, view graphs can be used for white-box analysis and testing, and at a high level of abstraction, they can be used for black-box analysis and testing. View graphs are thus an approach to integrate black-box and white-box techniques.
JURD: Joiner of Un-Readable Documents to reverse tokenization attacks to content-based spam filters

Spam has become a major issue in computer security because it is a channel for threats such as computer viruses, worms and phishing. More than 85% of received e-mails are spam. Historical approaches to combating these messages, including simple techniques like sender blacklisting or the use of e-mail signatures, are no longer completely reliable. Many current solutions feature machine-learning algorithms trained using statistical representations of the terms that most commonly appear in such e-mails. However, there are attacks that can subvert the filtering capabilities of these methods. Tokenization attacks, in particular, insert characters that create divisions within words, causing incorrect representations of e-mails. In this paper, we introduce a new method that reverses the effects of tokenization attacks. Our method processes e-mails iteratively by considering possible words, starting from the first token and compares the word candidates with a common dictionary to which spam words have been previously added. We provide an empirical study of how tokenization attacks affect the filtering capability of a Bayesian classifier and we show that our method can reverse the effects of tokenization attacks.
EXPLORING COLLABORATIVE ONLINE LEARNING

An investigation was carried out to determine the extent to which evidence of collaborative learning could be identified in students’ textual interactions in an online learning environment. The literature on collaborative learning has identified a range of behaviors that characterize successful collaborative learning in face-to-face situations. Evidence of these behaviors was sought in the messages that were posted by students as they interacted in online work groups. Analysis of students’ contributions reveals that there is substantial evidence of collaboration, but that there are differences between conventional face-to-face instances of collaborative learning and what occurs in an asynchronous, networked environment.