Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Filtering Offensive Language in Online Communities using Grammatical Relations

Offensive language has arisen to be a big issue to the health of both online communities and their users. To the online community, the spread of offensive language undermines its reputation, drives users away, and even directly affects its growth. To users, viewing offensive language brings negative influence to their mental health, especially for children and youth. When offensive language is detected in a user message, a problem arises about how the offensive language should be removed, i.e. the offensive language filtering problem. To solve this problem, manual filtering approach is known to produce the best filtering result. However, manual filtering is costly in time and labor thus can not be widely applied. In this paper, we analyze the offensive language in text messages posted in online communities, and propose a new automatic sentence-level filtering approach that is able to semantically remove the offensive language by utilizing the grammatical relations among words. Comparing with existing automatic filtering approaches, the proposed filtering approach provides filtering results much closer to manual filtering. To demonstrate our work, we created a dataset by manually filtering over 11,000 text comments from the YouTube website. Experiments on this dataset show over 90% agreement in filtered results between the proposed approach and manual filtering approach. Moreover, we show the overhead of applying proposed approach to user comments filtering is reasonable, making it practical to be adopted in real life applications.
The Green Solow model

We argue that a key empirical finding in environmental economics—the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC)—and the core model of modern macroeconomics—the Solow model—are intimately related. Once we amend the Solow model to incorporate technological progress in abatement, the EKC is a necessary by product of convergence to a sustainable growth path. We explain why current methods for estimating an EKC are likely to fail; provide an alternative empirical method directly tied to our theory; and estimate our model on carbon emissions from 173 countries over the 1960–1998 period.
Ceftazidime therapy of serious bacterial infections

Ceftazidime, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin, was administered to 30 patients with serious bacterial infections in a randomized dosing trial with daily doses of 1.5 or 3 g. Both regimens were equally efficacious, with satisfactory clinical responses in 28 instances (93%) and microbiological eradication of 79% of initial bacterial isolates. The development of resistance to ceftazidime during therapy was observed in three cases (Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and superinfection by a resistant Enterobacter agglomerans strain occurred in one case. Adverse reactions of clinical significance included one case each of leukopenia, azotemia, diarrhea (Clostridium difficile toxin positive), and rash.
Root canal morphology and assessment of incidence, type, and position of isthmus in permanent mandibular central incisor in North Indian population: An in vitro study

Background and Objectives: Mandibular incisor's anatomy presents a challenge when making endodontic access because of its small size and high prevalence of two canals and isthmus within them. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the root canal anatomy and its aberrant morphology in mandibular central incisors. Knowing the variations in canal anatomy such as two canals, presence of isthmus, type, its prevalence, and position in the mandibular central incisors, which help improve the procedure of successful root canal treatment. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty extracted human mandibular central incisor teeth were collected. Two different studies have been performed. Sixty teeth were studied through tooth clearing and dye penetration technique. Teeth were decalcified with 5% nitric acid, dehydrated with increasing concentrations of alcohol and rendered clear by immersion in methyl salicylate. Hematoxylin dye was inserted in access cavity and canals. The samples were observed under dental operating microscope. These samples were evaluated for root canal morphology to assess its root canal configuration. Sixty teeth were studied through sectioning of apical 3 mm (1, 2, and 3 mm from the apex) simulating a surgical resection method was followed. The sectioned samples were observed under stereomicroscope for evaluating isthmus and its type. Results and Conclusion: Sectioning study showed that canal shapes varied from round to oval, long oval, and ribbon shaped, while the prevalence of isthmus was more at 3 mm section. Tooth clearing study showed that 46.6% teeth had single canal, 49.8% teeth had two canals, and only 5% teeth had two separate apical foramina.
Semantics and compilation of sequential streams into a static SIMD code for the declarative data-par

R esum e 81/2 est un langage data-parall ele de haut-niveau qui s'appuie sur les concepts de stream et de collection. Nous pr esentons dans ce rapport de recherche la s emantique et la compilation des streams 81/2 s equentiels de collections. En premier lieu, nous associons a ces streams une s emantique d enotationnelle et nous d ecrivons le calcul de point-xe correspondant. A la suite de cette description s emantique, nous pr esentons un sch ema eecace de g en eration permettant de produire du code source pour les machines parall eles a architecture SIMD, les machines vectorielles et les machines s equentielles. Dans le cadre du sch ema de g en eration adopt e, quatre optimisations dii erentes ont et e propos ees : le partage des structures de con-tr^ ole, l'optimisation des d elais, la fusion de boucle et l'optimisation de la concat enation. De plus, le pr esent rapport inclut les r esultats d'un certain nombre de tests auquel a et e soumis ce sch ema. En conclusion, nous faisons le point sur l'eecacit e de la compilation des streams et nous esquissons nos futurs travaux. Abstract 81/2 is a data-parallel language that relies on the notions of stream and collection in a high-level declarative framework. We describe in this research report semantics and compilation of sequential streams of collections for this language. Firstly, a denotational semantics is associated with recursively deened sequential 81/2 streams. Furthermore, we explain how the xed point calculus corresponding to the foregoing semantics is implemented. Secondly, we describe an eeective code generation scheme targetted towards either sequential, vector or SIMD architectures. Then we present four optimization processes for the generated code: the sharing of common control expressions, the optimization of delay copies, the loop fusion and the concatenation optimization. Next, some elements for the evaluation of the generated code are given. As a conclusion, we recall the overall eeectiveness of the stream compilation and draw the future work. Plan of the report 81/2 is a high-level data-parallel language oriented towards the modelization and simulation of dynamical systems 1]. We gather under the term of \dynamical systems" any phenomenon described by a state evolving in space and time. 81/2's main structure is the fabric 1. A fabric is a stream of collections. A stream 2, 3] is a temporal sequence of values possibly not deened at some points; a collection is …
Investigations on interpolymer complexes of cationic guar gum and xanthan gum for formulation of bioadhesive films

The present study was aimed at evaluating the possible use of inter polymer complexed (IPC) films of xanthan gum (XG) and cationic guar gum (CGG) for formulating domperidone bioadhesive films. Formation of bonds between –COO¯ groups of XG and –N+(CH3)3 groups of CGG was evident in the FTIR spectra of IPC films. Bioadhesive strength of the films was evaluated employing texture analyser. Water uptake studies indicated swelling to be a function of XG concentration in the interpolymer complexes. The bioadhesive films were found to possess neutral pH. In vitro drug release studies and residence time studies indicated that the film comprising CGG:XG (80:20) released 98% of domperidone in 8 h and exhibited a residence time of approximately 8 h. Enhanced bioavailability of domperidone was observed from bioadhesive films as compared to orally administered conventional tablets. Overall, the findings suggest that IPC films of XG and CGG, exhibiting desired bioadhesive strength and enhanced bioavailability of domperidone, can be prepared.
Molecular Cancer Insight into Mechanism of Oxidative Dna Damage in Angiomyolipomas from Tsc Patients

Background: The tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is caused by defects in one of two tumor suppressor genes, TSC-1 or TSC-2. TSC-2 gene encodes tuberin, a protein involved in the pathogenesis of kidney tumors, both angiomyolipomas and renal cell carcinomas. Loss of heterozygosity at the 8-oxoG-DNA glycosylase (OGG1) allele is found in human kidney clear cell carcinoma identifying loss of OGG1 function as a possible contributor to tumorigenesis in the kidney. Tuberin regulates OGG1 through the transcription factor NF-YA in cultured cells. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of tuberin-deficiency on OGG1 protein and mRNA levels as well as on 8-oxodG levels in kidney tumors from patients with TSC. In addition we evaluated the phophorylation level of downstream targets of mTOR, phospho-S70K, in kidney tumor tissue from TSC patients.
Formulation , characterization and in vitro studies of doxorubicin-loaded silica-polydimethylsiloxane granules

The goal was to develop a granule-type formulation, characterized as a long-term, zero-order release delivery system for doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) and composed of a sol-gel derived silica-polydimethylsiloxane solid matrix with well-defined microstructures. The preparation of the DOX-loaded granule-type formulation was performed using the sol-gel moulding method. A liquid-form of DOX was added to the sol before moulding. Optical microscopy, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and N2 adsorption/desorption studies were employed to characterize the obtained formulation. The influence of different drug loads of DOX per granule (136, 336 and 555 μg) on the release profiles was assessed on a USP Apparatus 4 dissolution and via UV/Vis end analysis. The in vitro mineralization of these formulations associated with the nucleation of the apatite layer on their surface was also examined. The semi-ellipse shape and micrometer-size of the DOXloaded granule-type formulation was successfully obtained. These formulations exhibited a mesoporous structure, uniform pore size distribution and good monodispersity. Following an initial burst, the slow drug release from all formulations followed zero order kinetics under
Cloning and early expression pattern of two melatonin biosynthesis enzymes in the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)

Melatonin biosynthesis from serotonin involves the sequential activation of the arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase (AANAT) and hydroxyindole‐O‐methyltransferase (HIOMT). Photoperiod synchronizes a daily rhythm in pineal and retinal melatonin secretion through controlling AANAT activity. Teleost fish possess two Aanat, one expressed in the retina (AANAT1) and the other expressed in the pineal gland (AANAT2). We report here the full‐length cloning of Aanat1, Aanat2, SmHiomt and Otx5 (orthodenticle homeobox homolog 5) in the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus, Sm), a flatfish belonging to an evolutionary recent group of Teleost. The temporal expression pattern of the genes investigated is consistent with the idea that OTX5 is needed for photoreceptor specification, and that the pineal gland differentiates before the retina. SmAanat2 expression remained pineal specific during the period of time investigated, whereas SmOtx5 and SmHiomt expressions were seen in both the retina and pineal gland. Our results do not support the existence of a second SmHiomt, as is the case for SmAanat. Neither SmAanat2 nor SmHiomt mRNAs displayed cyclic accumulation in the pineal organ of embryos and larvae maintained under a light–dark cycle from fertilization onward. This is in marked contrast with the situation observed with zebrafish Aanat2, indicating that the molecular mechanisms controlling the development of the pineal melatonin system have been modified during the evolution of Teleost.
Do Larval Supply and Recruitment Vary among Chemosynthetic Environments of the Deep Sea?

Background The biological communities that inhabit chemosynthetic environments exist in an ephemeral and patchily distributed habitat with unique physicochemical properties that lead to high endemicity. Consequently, the maintenance and recovery from perturbation of the populations in these habitats is, arguably, mainly regulated by larval supply and recruitment. Methodology/Principal Findings We use data from the published scientific literature to: (1) compare the magnitudes of and variability in larval supply and settlement and recruitment at hydrothermal vents, seeps, and whale, wood and kelp falls; (2) explore factors that affect these life history processes, when information is available; and (3) explore taxonomic affinities in the recruit assemblages of the different chemosynthetic habitats, using multivariate statistical techniques. Larval supply at vents can vary across segments by several orders of magnitude for gastropods; for bivalves, supply is similar at vents on different segments, and at cold seeps. The limited information on larval development suggests that dispersal potential may be highest for molluscs from cold seeps, intermediate for siboglinids at vents and lowest for the whale-bone siboglinid Osedax. Settlement is poorly studied and only at vents and seeps, but tends to be highest near an active source of emanating fluid in both habitats. Rate of recruitment at vents is more variable among studies within a segment than among segments. Across different chemosynthetic habitats, recruitment rate of bivalves is much more variable than that of gastropods and polychaetes. Total recruitment rate ranges only between 0.1 and 1 ind dm−2 d−1 across all chemosynthetic habitats, falling above rates in the non-reducing deep sea. The recruit assemblages at vents, seeps and kelp falls have lower taxonomic breadth, and include more families and genera that have many species more closely related to each other than those at whale and wood falls. Vents also have the most uneven taxonomic structure, with fewer recruits represented by higher taxonomic levels (phyla, orders, classes) compared to seeps and wood and kelp falls, whereas the opposite is true at whale falls. Conclusions/Significance Based on our evaluation of the literature, the patterns and regulatory factors of the early history processes in chemosynthetic environments in the deep sea remain poorly understood. More research focused on these early life history stages will allow us to make inferences about the ecological and biogeographic linkages among the reducing habitats in the deep sea.
VIRsiRNAdb: a curated database of experimentally validated viral siRNA/shRNA

RNAi technology has been emerging as a potential modality to inhibit viruses during past decade. In literature a few siRNA databases have been reported that focus on targeting human and mammalian genes but experimentally validated viral siRNA databases are lacking. We have developed VIRsiRNAdb, a manually curated database having comprehensive details of 1358 siRNA/shRNA targeting viral genome regions. Further, wherever available, information regarding alternative efficacies of above 300 siRNAs derived from different assays has also been incorporated. Important fields included in the database are siRNA sequence, virus subtype, target genome region, cell type, target object, experimental assay, efficacy, off-target and siRNA matching with reference viral sequences. Database also provides the users with facilities of advance search, browsing, data submission, linking to external databases and useful siRNA analysis tools especially siTarAlign which align the siRNA with reference viral genomes or user defined sequences. VIRsiRNAdb contains extensive details of siRNA/shRNA targeting 42 important human viruses including influenza virus, hepatitis B virus, HPV and SARS Corona virus. VIRsiRNAdb would prove useful for researchers in picking up the best viral siRNA for antiviral therapeutics development and also for developing better viral siRNA design tools. The database is freely available at http://crdd.osdd. net/servers/virsirnadb.
Rough Neuro-Fuzzy Structures for Classification With Missing Data

This paper presents a new approach to fuzzy classification in the case of missing data. The rough fuzzy sets are incorporated into Mamdani-type neuro-fuzzy structures, and the rough neuro-fuzzy classifier is derived. Theorems that allow the determination of the structure of a rough neuro-fuzzy classifier are given. Several experiments illustrating the performance of the rough neuro-fuzzy classifier working in the case of missing features are described.
Tumor markers in clinical practice: General principles and guidelines

Tumor markers are assuming a growing role in all aspects of cancer care, starting from screening to follow-up after treatment, and their judicious application in clinical practice needs a thorough understanding of the basics of pathophysiology, techniques of identification or testing, reasons for out-of-range levels of tumor markers, as well as the knowledge of evidence of their role in any given malignancy. These are, at the most, just an adjunct to diagnosis, and establishing a diagnosis on the basis of tumor markers alone (especially a single result) is fraught with associated pitfalls because of the problem of nonspecificity. In reality an ideal tumor marker does not exist. Detection can be done either in tissue or in body fluids like ascitic or pleural fluid or serum. Clinical uses can be broadly classified into 4 groups: screening and early detection, diagnostic confirmation, prognosis and prediction of therapeutic response and monitoring disease and recurrence. In addition to variable sensitivity and specificity, the prevalence of a particular malignancy may be a major determinant in the application of a particular test as a screening tool. Serum levels, in certain situations, can be used in staging, prognostication or prediction of response to therapy. Monitoring disease is, perhaps, the most common clinical use of serum tumor markers. Rising trend in serum levels may detect recurrence of disease well before any clinical or radiological evidence of disease is apparent ("biochemical recurrence"). Sampling should ideally be repeated after 5-6 half-lives of the marker in question (or the marker with the longest half-life if multiple markers are being considered); but if found elevated, the next sampling after 2-4 weeks, for additional evidence, may be justified.
A practical study of self-stabilization for prefix-tree based overlay networks

Service discovery is crucial in the development of fully decentralized computational grids. Among the significant amount of work produced by the convergence of peer- to-peer (P2P) systems and grids, a new kind of overlay networks, based on prefix trees (a.k.a., tries), has emerged. In particular, the Distributed Lexicographic Placement Table (DLPT) approach is a decentralized and dynamic service discovery service. Fault-tolerance within the DLPT approach is achieved through best-effort policies relying on formal self-stabilization results. Self-stabilization means that the tree can become transiently inconsistent, but is guaranteed to autonomously converge to a correct topology after arbitrary crashes, in a finite time. However, during convergence, the tree may not be able to process queries correctly. In this paper, we present some simula- tion results having several objectives. First, we investigate the interest of self-stabilization for such architectures. Second, we explore, still based on simulation, a simple Time-To-Live policy to avoid useless processing during convergence time.
Disallowance of Acot7 in β-Cells Is Required for Normal Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Secretion

Encoding acyl-CoA thioesterase-7 (Acot7) is one of ∼60 genes expressed ubiquitously across tissues but relatively silenced, or disallowed, in pancreatic β-cells. The capacity of ACOT7 to hydrolyze long-chain acyl-CoA esters suggests potential roles in β-oxidation, lipid biosynthesis, signal transduction, or insulin exocytosis. We explored the physiological relevance of β-cell–specific Acot7 silencing by re-expressing ACOT7 in these cells. ACOT7 overexpression in clonal MIN6 and INS1(832/13) β-cells impaired insulin secretion in response to glucose plus fatty acids. Furthermore, in a panel of transgenic mouse lines, we demonstrate that overexpression of mitochondrial ACOT7 selectively in the adult β-cell reduces glucose tolerance dose dependently and impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. By contrast, depolarization-induced secretion was unaffected, arguing against a direct action on the exocytotic machinery. Acyl-CoA levels, ATP/ADP increases, membrane depolarization, and Ca2+ fluxes were all markedly reduced in transgenic mouse islets, whereas glucose-induced oxygen consumption was unchanged. Although glucose-induced increases in ATP/ADP ratio were similarly lowered after ACOT7 overexpression in INS1(832/13) cells, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were unaffected, consistent with an action of Acot7 to increase cellular ATP consumption. Because Acot7 mRNA levels are increased in human islets in type 2 diabetes, inhibition of the enzyme might provide a novel therapeutic strategy.
Cerebral visual impairment in children.

Much of the brain is devoted to vision. Damage causes visual problems ranging from profound impairment, to cognitive visual problems only. A child with cerebral blindness may have intact perception of movement. The principal cognitive visual pathways comprise the dorsal and the ventral streams. The dorsal stream runs between the occipital lobes (which process incoming visual data), the posterior parietal lobes (which process the whole visual scene and give attention to component parts), the motor cortex (which facilitates movement through the visual scene) and the frontal cortex (which directs attention to chosen parts of the visual scene). The ventral stream runs between the occipital lobes and the temporal lobes (which enable recognition of people and objects, facilitate route finding and serve visual memory). Damage to these pathways disrupts these functions in a variety of combinations. This paper reviews cerebral visual impairment in children, the differential diagnosis and the management.
Resistance spot welding aluminium to magnesium using nanoparticle reinforced eutectic forming interlayers

Successful joining of dissimilar metals such as Al and Mg can provide significant advantages to the automotive industry in the fabrication of vehicle bodies and other important components. This study explores dissimilar joining of Al–Mg using a resistance spot welding process to produce microstructurally sound lap joints and evaluates the impact of interlayer composition on microstructural evolution and the formation of intermetallic compounds within the weld nugget. The results indicated that mechanically sound joints can be produced, with fine equiaxed and columnar dendrites within the weld nugget. The presence of intermetallic compounds was also confirmed by the variation in the microhardness values recorded across the weld zone.