Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sparsity-based compressive reservoir characterization and modeling by applying ILS-DLA sparse approximation with LARS on DisPat-generated MPS models using seismic, well log, and reservoir data

Abstract. In the earth sciences, there is only one single true reality for a property of any dimension whereas many realization models of the reality might exist. In other words, a set of interpreted multiplicities of an unknown property can be found but only one unique fact exists and the task is to return from the multiplicities to the uniqueness of the reality. Such an objective is mathematically provided by sparse approximation methods. The term "approximation" indicate the sufficiency of an interpretation that is close enough to the true mode, i.e. reality. In geosciences, the multiplicities are provided by multiple-point statistical methods. Realistic modeling of the earth interior demands for more sophisticated geostatistical methods based on true available images, i.e. the training images. Among available MPS methods, the DisPat algorithm is a distance-based MPS method which generate appealing realizations for stationary and nonstationary training images by classifying the patterns based on distance functions using kernel methods. Advances in nonstationary image modeling is an advantage of the DisPat method. Realizations generated by the MPS methods form the training set for the sparse approximation. Sparse approximation is consisted of two steps, i.e. sparse coding and dictionary update, which are alternately used to optimize the trained dictionary. Model selection algorithms like LARS are used for sparse coding. LARS optimizes the regression model sequentially by choosing a proper number of variables and adding the best variable to the active set in each iteration. Out of numerous training dictionary methods given in the literature, the ILS-DLA is a variant of the MOD algorithm where the latter is inspired by the GLA and the whole trained dictionary is sequentially updated by alternating between sparse coding and dictionary training steps. The ILS-DLA is different from the MOD for addressing the internal structure of the dictionary by considering overlapping or non-overlapping blocks and modifying the MOD algorithm according to the internal structure of the trained dictionary. The ILS-DLA is faster than the MOD in the sense that it inverts for smaller blocks constructing the trained dictionary rather than inverting for the entire block. The subject of this paper is an integration study between sparse approximations from image processing and compressed sensing, multiple-point statistics from the field of geostatisitcs, and the geophysical methods and reservoir engineering from the branch of petroleum science. This paper specifically emphasizes the utilization of image processing in solving reservoir complexities and enhancing reservoir models.
The Motivational Enhancement Effect: Implications for our Chosen Modes of Communication in the 21st Century

Research has indicated that highly motivated liars will typically be detected more frequently than unmotivated liars because of additional emotional demands. However, previous research on this Motivational Impairment Effect has been limited to investigating deception detection in face-to-face contexts. The current research compared the effect of motivation across face-to-face and Computer-Mediated (CMC) environments. Results indicated that, contrary to Face-to-Face conversations, in a CMC environment, receivers were not sensitive to deception when their partner was highly motivated to succeed at deceiving them. Instead, motivated liars in CMC environments were significantly more successful in their deceptions. It is proposed that liars in the CMC setting were more immune to the motivational impairment effect, which operates primarily via nonverbal cues that are eliminated in CMC settings. Further, it is suggested that there may be features unique to a CMC environment that may actually facilitate a motivated deceivers success, resulting in a motivational enhancement effect.
Roles of T cell–Associated L-selectin and &bgr;7 Integrins During Induction and Regulation of Chronic Colitis

Background:L-selectin (CD62L) and &bgr;7 integrins are important for trafficking of naive T cells under steady-state conditions. The objectives of this study were to dissect the requirements for T cell–associated CD62L and &bgr;7 integrins during initiation, progression, and regulation of chronic colitis. Methods:Using the T-cell transfer model, we compared colitogenic potential between T cells lacking one or both of these molecules with wild-type T cells. To assess trafficking of cells to the secondary lymphoid tissue and the gut, we performed co-homing experiments. Results:Adoptive transfer of wild-type, CD62L−/− or &bgr;7−/− single-deficient T cells induced moderate to severe disease with slightly different kinetics. However, transfer of CD62L−/− &bgr;7−/− double-deficient (DKO) T cells produced significantly attenuated gut inflammation, which correlated with fewer T cells and reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the colon lamina propria. Our subsequent experiments established that lack of colitogenic potential of these cells was due to inability of DKO T cells to home to the secondary lymphoid tissue. Furthermore, homing of in vitro–generated effector DKO T cells to the inflamed intestine was significantly impaired. Lastly, DKO regulatory T cells were ineffective at suppressing colitis induced by wild-type T cells. Conclusions:We established that T cells can use either CD62L or &bgr;7 integrins to induce chronic colitis, but lack of both abrogates their colitogenic potential. Effector T cells critically rely on &bgr;7 integrin during their recruitment to the inflamed intestinal mucosa. Finally, regulation of intestinal inflammation by regulatory T cells requires one or both of these adhesion molecules.
Docosahexaenoic Acid Slows Visual Field Progression in X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa: Ancillary Outcomes of the DHAX Trial.

PURPOSE Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was supplemented in a single-site, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial designed to slow vision loss associated with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP); the DHAX Trial. We previously reported no significant differences between supplemented and placebo groups in intent-to-treat analysis of primary ERG outcomes. Assessed herein are hypothesis-generating measures of ancillary visual function outcomes in participants fully adhering to trial protocol. METHODS Male participants with XLRP (range, 7-31 years) received 30 mg DHA/kg/d (n = 29) or placebo (n = 22) for 4 years. Visual outcomes were measured annually and red blood cell (RBC) DHA determined every 6 months. RESULTS Oral DHA supplementation increased mean RBC-DHA levels by 4-fold (P < 0.0001) over placebo. No group differences in progression were found for visual acuity (P = 0.11), shape discrimination (P = 0.18), or fundus appearance (P = 0.70). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) became available during year 2 of the trial; no group differences were seen in ellipsoid zone constriction (P = 0.87) over 2 years. Yearly rates of progression were reduced for dark-adapted thresholds (P = 0.06) and visual field sensitivity for foveal, macular, peripheral, total, and ellipsoid zone regions by DHA supplementation (P = 0.039, P = 0.031, P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P = 0.033). Rates of visual field sensitivity decline were dependent on RBC-DHA (P = 0.046 to <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of DHA significantly elevated blood DHA levels and reduced the rate of progression in final dark-adapted thresholds and visual field sensitivity. From the relationship between RBC-DHA and the rate of field sensitivity loss, we can extrapolate that an RBC-DHA level of 17% could minimize the decline in field sensitivity. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00100230.)
Decreased Nucleotide Excision Repair Activity and Alterations of Topoisomerase IIα Are Associated with the in Vivo Resistance of a P388 Leukemia Subline to F11782, a Novel Catalytic Inhibitor of Topoisomerases I and II

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the mechanisms associated with antitumor activity and resistance to F11782, a novel dual catalytic inhibitor of topoisomerases with DNA repair-inhibitory properties. Experimental Design: For that purpose, an F11782-resistant P388 leukemia subline (P388/F11782) has been developed in vivo and characterized. Results: Weekly subtherapeutic doses of F11782 (10 mg/kg) induced complete resistance to F11782 after 8 weekly passages. This resistant P388/F11782 subline retained some in vivo sensitivity to several DNA-topoisomerase II and/or I complex-stabilizing poisons and showed marked collateral sensitivity to cisplatin, topotecan, colchicine, and Vinca alkaloids, while proving completely cross-resistant only to merbarone and doxorubicin. Therefore, resistance to F11782 did not appear to be associated with a classic multidrug resistance profile, as further reflected by unaltered drug uptake and no overexpression of resistance-related proteins or modification of the glutathione-mediated detoxification process. In vivo resistance to F11782 was, however, associated with a marked reduction in topoisomerase IIα protein (87%) and mRNA (50%) levels, as well as a diminution of the catalytic activity of topoisomerase IIα. In contrast, only minor reductions in topoisomerases IIβ and I levels were recorded. However, of major interest, nucleotide excision repair activity was decreased 3-fold in these P388/F11782 cells and was more specifically associated with a decreased (67%) level of XPG (human xeroderma pigmentosum group G complementing protein), an endonuclease involved in this DNA repair system. Conclusions: These findings suggest that both topoisomerase IIα and XPG are major targets of F11782 in vivo and further demonstrate the original mechanism of action of this novel compound.
Anomalous Behavior of van der Pauw Sheet Resistance Measurements on 4H-SiC MOS Inversion Layers with Anisotropy Mobility

An anisotropic electron mobility has recently been reported in 4H-SiC MOS devices with improved inversion layer mobility [1]. This anisotropy arises from scattering by oriented steps on the 8° off-axis 4H-SiC surface. The mobility is higher in the direction parallel to the steps, and lower perpendicular to the steps. In this paper, we describe anomalous behavior observed in the sheet resistance measurement in a van der Pauw (VDP) device which is caused by the anisotropy. Experimentally, a ~15% mobility anisotropy results in a 1.8x anisotropy in the VDP sheet resistance. This surprising experimental result is confirmed by numerical simulations.
Microstructure Evolution in Undercooled Ni-Si Melt

Upon non-equilibrium solidification, the intrinsic parameters, such as moving velocity, temperature, solute partition coefficient, and liquid and solid concentrations at the interface, deviate from their equilibrium characteristics, and the morphology of the as-solidified structure and the grain size are influenced by the non-equilibrium liqulid/solid transformation, which further influences the subquent solidstate transformation. Adopting molten glass purification technology combined with cycle superheating method, the microstructure evolution of Ni-11at. %Si alloy in different undercooling was investigated. It was found that, with the increase of the initial undercooling, grain refinement occurred in microstructures of undercooled Ni-11at. %Si alloy. Meanwhile, the NL model was used to discuss the two different dendrite morphologies. According to Karmas model for dendrite fragmentation, the grain refinement of undercooled Ni-11at. %Si alloy was in good agreement with the experimental data, and the grain size was reduced with the increasing ΔT. The energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) measurement was applied to analyze the solid solubility of Si atom in α-Ni matrix. It was found that the solid solubility of Si atom in α-Ni matrix increased with undercooling. At the undercooling of T>220K , a complete solute trapping occurred.
Human Neuroscience

as in humans. The multi-level approach from molecules to behavior, possible only in an animal model, allowed piecing together the different levels of the brain's organization and up toward its emergent behavior, which revealed a common and coherent theme of alterations and suggested that autism could be explained as an Intense World Syndrome (Markram et al., 2007b). Naturally, there is a vast gap between an animal model and autism that is currently only recognized for humans. In this paper, we therefore explored previous studies, results, hypotheses, and theories in the light of the Intense World hypothesis, and examined whether this hypothesis can stand as a formal and unifying theory of autism. The original notion of an Intense World Syndrome in autism arose, because VPA-exposed animals exhibited amplified fear processing and memories (Markram et al., 2005, 2008), which indicated that fragments of the world could easily become emotionally aversive and be stored excessively. In strong support of this, we found that on the neural circuit level, VPA-exposed animals exhibited enhanced neuronal reactivity and plasticity across several brain regions, such as the amygdala and neocortex. This provided the potential cellular and circuit explanation for how an autistic brain could be easily trapped in a painfully intense world, potentially explaining a broad range of common autistic symptoms such as sensory sensitivity, withdrawal, repetitive behavior, idiosyncrasies, and even exceptional talents.
Detection of Regulatory SNPs in Human Genome Using ChIP-seq ENCODE Data

A vast amount of SNPs derived from genome-wide association studies are represented by non-coding ones, therefore exacerbating the need for effective identification of regulatory SNPs (rSNPs) among them. However, this task remains challenging since the regulatory part of the human genome is annotated much poorly as opposed to coding regions. Here we describe an approach aggregating the whole set of ENCODE ChIP-seq data in order to search for rSNPs, and provide the experimental evidence of its efficiency. Its algorithm is based on the assumption that the enrichment of a genomic region with transcription factor binding loci (ChIP-seq peaks) indicates its regulatory function, and thereby SNPs located in this region are more likely to influence transcription regulation. To ensure that the approach preferably selects functionally meaningful SNPs, we performed enrichment analysis of several human SNP datasets associated with phenotypic manifestations. It was shown that all samples are significantly enriched with SNPs falling into the regions of multiple ChIP-seq peaks as compared with the randomly selected SNPs. For experimental verification, 40 SNPs falling into overlapping regions of at least 7 TF binding loci were selected from OMIM. The effect of SNPs on the binding of the DNA fragments containing them to the nuclear proteins from four human cell lines (HepG2, HeLaS3, HCT-116, and K562) has been tested by EMSA. A radical change in the binding pattern has been observed for 29 SNPs, besides, 6 more SNPs also demonstrated less pronounced changes. Taken together, the results demonstrate the effective way to search for potential rSNPs with the aid of ChIP-seq data provided by ENCODE project.
COMPLEMENT-DEPENDENT RELEASE OF IMMUNE COMPLEXES FROM THE LYMPHOCYTE MEMBRANE

Soluble antigen-antibody-complement complexes bound to mouse B lymphocytes are rapidly released from the cell membrane in the presence of normal serum from several mammalian species. The release is not the result of antigen-antibody dissociation or extensive degradation of the complexes. However, the released complexes have been altered because they will no longer bind to fresh lymphocytes. The release is not the result of lymphocyte damage mediated by complement. It is complement-dependent, and is generated either preferentially or exclusively via the alternate pathway, since it occurs in C4-deficient serum, is Mg++ but not Ca++ dependent, and requires C3 proactivator. C3 inactivator is not involved. The release activity of the serum, once generated, is unstable at 37°C. The release of complexes from the lymphocyte membrane by serum provides a convenient assay for the functioning of the alternate pathway in the mouse and in other species.
Introduction: Partnering to embrace the future of cancer survivorship research and care

n 2006 the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) Office of Cancer Sur-vivorship (OCS), the American Cancer Society’s BehavioralResearch Center, and the Lance Armstrong Foundation, organiza-tions serving as leaders in promoting the science of cancer survivor-ship research, sponsored the third biennial Cancer SurvivorshipResearch Conference. The articles in this special supplement toCancer represent data and summaries from selected talks given atthis historic meeting, an event that also marked the 10th anniver-sary of the establishment of the OCS at the NCI. Collectively, thisset of articles outlines some of the key directions for future researchand for understanding and delivering follow-up care to survivorsand their family members after treatment ends, and addresses theimplications of this science for larger efforts to reduce the burden ofcancer on the nation.The past several years have witnessed an unprecedented level ofattention devoted to the topic of cancer survivorship. This isreflected in the publication of special journal issues addressing thetopic,
Preparation of Magnetite Nanoemulsion Stabilized by Tween 81 for MRI Contrast Enhancement

Magnetite nanoemulsions (NE) were synthesized via procedure of heterophase synthesis in a ternary system: Tween 81/pentadecane/water. Prepared NEs were studied by dynamic light scattering and NMR spectroscopy. Their size was of the order of 10 nm and they revealed superparamagnetic properties. MRI efficiency of the NEs was demonstrated by measuring magnetic spin‐spin relaxation rates, which complied with the properties of negative contrast agents. MRI of agar phantom demonstrates high grade of contrast enhancement in vitro. Toxicity of the preparations was studied on murine model. Studies revealed no signs of acute or short‐term (within 30 days) toxicity in mice. Synthesized magnetite NEs have potential for in vivo MRI contrast enhancement applications.
Using fake cursors to secure on-screen password entry

In this paper, we present a concept using fake cursors to disguise on-screen password entry. We performed two user studies with different amounts of dummy cursors and differently colored cursors. The results show that dummy cursors significantly improve security. At the same time, decrease in performance is kept within an acceptable range. Depending on the required degree of security, the studies favor 8 or 16 differently colored cursors as the best trade-off between security and usability.
From sample to knowledge: Towards an integrated approach for neuroscience discovery

Imaging methods used in modern neuroscience experiments are quickly producing large amounts of data capable of providing increasing amounts of knowledge about neuroanatomy and function. A great deal of information in these datasets is relatively unexplored and untapped. One of the bottlenecks in knowledge extraction is that often there is no feedback loop between the knowledge produced (e.g., graph, density estimate, or other statistic) and the earlier stages of the pipeline (e.g., acquisition). We thus advocate for the development of sample-to-knowledge discovery pipelines that one can use to optimize acquisition and processing steps with a particular end goal (i.e., piece of knowledge) in mind. We therefore propose that optimization takes place not just within each processing stage but also between adjacent (and non-adjacent) steps of the pipeline. Furthermore, we explore the existing categories of knowledge representation and models to motivate the types of experiments and analysis needed to achieve the ultimate goal. To illustrate this approach, we provide an experimental paradigm to answer questions about large-scale synaptic distributions through a multimodal approach combining X-ray microtomography and electron microscopy.
Designing Network Protocols for Good Equilibria

Designing and deploying a network protocol determines the rules by which end users interact with each other and with the network. We consider the problem of designing a protocol to optimize the equilibrium behavior of a network with selfish users. We consider network cost-sharing games, where the set of Nash equilibria depends fundamentally on the choice of an edge cost-sharing protocol. Previous research focused on the Shapley protocol, in which the cost of each edge is shared equally among its users. We systematically study the design of optimal cost-sharing protocols for undirected and directed graphs, single-sink and multicommodity networks, and different measures of the inefficiency of equilibria. Our primary technical tool is a precise characterization of the cost-sharing protocols that induce only network games with pure-strategy Nash equilibria. We use this characterization to prove, among other results, that the Shapley protocol is optimal in directed graphs and that simple priority protocols are essentially optimal in undirected graphs.
The evaluation of text editors: methodology and empirical results.

This paper presents a methodology for evaluating text editors on several dimensions: the time it takes experts to perform basic editing tasks, the time experts spend making and correcting errors, the rate at which novices learn to perform basic editing tasks, and the functionality of editors over more complex tasks. Time, errors, and learning are measured experimentally; functionality is measured analytically; time is also calculated analytically. The methodology has thus far been used to evaluate nine diverse text editors, producing an initial database of performance results. The database is used to tell us not only about the editors but also about the users—the magnitude of individual differences and the factors affecting novice learning.
Named Entity Recognition using Machine Learning Methods and Pattern-Selection Rules

Named Entity recognition, as a task of providing important semantic information, is a critical first step in Information Extraction and QuestionAnswering system. This paper proposes a hybrid method of the named entity recognition which combines maximum entropy model, neural network, and pattern-selection rules. The maximum entropy model is used for the proper treatment of unknown words, and neural network for disambiguation. The patternselection rules are used for the target word selection and for grouping of adjacent words. We use the data only from a training corpus and a domainindependent named entity dictionary so that our system, it is predicted, is applicable in any other domain. In addition, since each module of our system is independent, a new method can be easily adopted for executing each module.