Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heart rate variability in Mangalarga Marchador horses after physical exercise

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of physical exercise (marcha gait) on heart rate variability indices in Mangalarga Marchador horses. Twenty-five animals, fourteen females and eleven males, aged 6.4 ± 2.7 years and with a mean weight of 428.3 ± 24.7 kg, were used. Electrocardiograms were recorded at two different time points: rest and immediately after exercise (40 min of aerobic exercise, marcha gait). Time domain analyses of heart rate variability were made using vasovagal tonus index (VVTI) and standard deviation of normal intervals (SDNN). Variables were analysed for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test and comparisons were made between T0 and T1 using the paired t-test (VVTI) or Mann-Whitney (SDNN), considering P < 0.05. The Pearson coefficient was calculated to evaluate the correlation between heart rate and VVTI and the Spearman coefficient was calculated for heart rate and SDNN. There was an increase in heart rate after exercise (P < 0.0001), from 45.7 ± 12.7 to 77.3 ± 13.5 beats/min, and a reduced VVTI (P < 0.0001), from 8.66 ± 1.45 to 4.65 ± 1.25 and a reduced SDNN (P < 0.0001), from 80.09 to 11.67 ms. No correlation was observed between heart rate and VVTI or SDNN. It was possible to conclude that the physical activity carried out by Mangalarga Marchador horses influenced the autonomic response and consequently heart rate variability indexes, suggesting the possible use of these indices for the evaluation of Mangalarga Marchador performance.
Regional and Multiregional Trade Liberalization: The Effects on Trade, Investment and Welfare

This paper explores the impact on economies of trade liberalization under alternative regional and multilateral arrangements: unilateral liberalization; liberalization as part of the ASEAN regional grouping; liberalization as part of the APEC regional grouping; or liberalization as part of a multilateral trade liberalization regime. The paper is based on a Dynamic Intertemporal General Equilibrium model (DIGEM) called the Asia-Pacific G-Cubed Model. It is shown that the long run gains from a country's own liberalization tend to be large relative to the gains from other countries liberalizing although this varies across countries.
The role of the sodium pump in the effects of potassium‐depleted solutions on mammalian cardiac muscle

1. Mammalian Purkinje fibres and ventricular muscle are significantly affected by exposure to low K solutions (Eisner & Lederer, 1979). Such exposure produces two classes of effects. ‘Early’ effects, developing over tens of seconds include (in ventricular muscle) a more negative resting potential and a lengthening of the action potential. In Purkinje fibres the principal ‘early’ effect is a decrease in slope conductance. ‘Late’ effects develop over minutes. In ventricular muscle such effects include a shortening of the action potential, an increase in twitch and tonic tension, and the development of transient depolarizations and aftercontractions. The late effects in Purkinje fibres are the increase in twitch tension and voltage dependent tonic tension, the development of transient depolarizations and the underlying oscillatory transient inward currents, the appearance of aftercontractions accompanying the transient depolarizations or transient inward currents, and the development of a slow ‘creep’ in both current and tension.
Information Entropy Based the Stability Measure of User Behaviour Network in Microblog

The spread and evolution of web hot events is due to the interaction between users. And the behaviour of users is particularly important in micro log. The information spread through the behaviour of users and information exchange among users lead to event evolution. So the behaviour of users plays an important role in information spread and evolution of web hot event. The analysis of behaviour is a key method to obtain the development direction and trend of web hot events. However, it is a challenge to quantify the behaviour of users, especially to properly predict the direction and trend of web hot events according to the behaviour of users. This paper proposes a way to build information spread network according to behaviour of users and have a statistics of degrees of node in network. Then we use information entropy to measure the stability of behaviour network according to node degrees. And we can predict the direction and trend of web hot events by their information entropy. Experimental results show that information entropy can efficiently measure the stability of network, popular events have high entropy and their structure of network is unstable, normal events have low entropy and their structure is stable, which means events with high entropy are more likely to be popular events and may evolution in different directions.
Directed Altruism and Enforced Reciprocity in Social Networks

We conduct online field experiments in large real-world social networks in order to decompose prosocial giving into three components: (1) baseline altruism toward randomly selected strangers, (2) directed altruism that favors friends over random strangers, and (3) giving motivated by the prospect of future interaction. Directed altruism increases giving to friends by 52 percent relative to random strangers, while future interaction effects increase giving by an additional 24 percent when giving is socially efficient. This finding suggests that future interaction affects giving through a repeated game mechanism where agents can be rewarded for granting efficiency enhancing favors. We also find that subjects with higher baseline altruism have friends with higher baseline altruism.
The Determinants of Participation in Adult Education and Training in Canada

This paper examines the determinants of participation in, and the amount of time spent on, public and private adult education and training in Canada. Using the master file data from the 1998 Adult Education and Training Survey, we estimate probit models of adult education and training (hereafter just “training”) incidence and hurdle models of total time spent in training. Consistent with the literature, we find that relatively advantaged workers, such as those who have completed high school, are working full time, and work at large firms, acquire more training, often with financial help from their employers. Direct government-sponsored training represents a relative minor component of total training, and is not well targeted to the disadvantaged. This is both surprising and problematic, as the primary justification for government-financed training is to overcome credit constraints among the low skilled and the secondary justification is redistribution. We find large differences among provinces in the incidence of training; this variation appears to result from differences in provincial policies related to training.
Early nosocomial infections in pediatric cardiovascular surgery patients

All patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery between July 1,1987 and February 29,1988 were followed from admission to the pediatric ICU (PICU) daily by an intensivist/anesthetist. Patients were characterized by surgical procedure and PRISM score on ICU admission.Of 310 patients, 40 patients (nosocomially infected patient ratio 12.9) developed 78 infections (nosocomial infection ratio 25.2), of which 28% (n = 22) were wounds, within 2 months of surgery. Early wound infection followed 8% of closed, nonpump cases and 6.7% of open, pump cases. Wound infection was more likely if the sternum was open on the ward (elective or emergency) (27.6% open vs. 5.0% closed, p < .001) or if the PRISM score was > 10 on PICU admission (10.7% > 10 vs. 2.3% <10, p < .01). The causative agents in wound infections in closed cases were Staphylococcus aureus (70%) and coagulase negative staphylococci (CONS) (30%) while in open, pump cases the agents were CONS (33%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (27%), Candida spp. (27%), and S. aureus (20%). Nonwound infections accounted for 72% of infections (n = 56). The number of bacteremias and other central and arterial line-related infections approximated wound infection in incidence at 6.8/100 patients.Wound infections are more likely if the sternum has been left open on the ward, if the patient has a high PRISM score on PICU admission, and after specific surgical procedures. (Crit Care Med 1990; 18:378)
Some Properties of Absolute Return, An Alternative Measure of Risk

The expected absolute return belongs to a class of risk measure derived by Luce (1980) from axioms. The paper considers the time series properties of and also the marginal distribution properties, for various properties of Theta. Using a long daily stock index series it is found that the autocorrelations decline slowly for all positive Theta but this "long-memory" property is strongest for Theta = 1, the absolute return. The moments of absolute returns, after removal of a few outliers, suggest that an exponential distribution is appropriate.
Adenovirus‐mediated expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α double mutant converts neonatal cardiac fibroblasts into (cardio)myocyte phenotype

Adenovirus‐mediated expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α double mutant (pAd‐HIF‐1α‐Ala564‐Ala803) can be effectively transfected into bone marrow stem cells (MSCs) in the MSCs and cardiomyocytes co‐culture system at normoxia to regulate the expression of downstream target genes of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α), which in turn can promote MSC differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Fibroblasts share common characteristics with MSCs such as the morphology, phenotype and differentiation potential. Therefore, we further studied whether the pAd‐HIF‐1α‐Ala564‐Ala803 also can convert neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (NCFs) into (cardio)myocyte phenotype via regulating the downstream target genes of HIF‐1α at normoxia. The immunostaining analysis showed that NCFs treated with pAd‐HIF‐1α‐Ala564‐Ala803 exhibited higher protein expression levels of smooth muscle α‐actin (SMA, myocyte marker) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT, cardiomyocyte marker), compared with phosphate‐buffered saline and pAd‐LacZ treatments. The reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction results showed that NCFs transfected with pAd‐HIF‐1α‐Ala564‐Ala803 augmented messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), Smad4, NKx2.5, GATA4, myocardin, SMA and cTnT. The effects of HIF‐1α‐Ala564‐Ala803 on NCFs were attenuated by pre‐transfection of TGF‐β1 or myocardin small interference RNAs. Adult CFs transfected with pAd‐HIF‐1α‐Ala564‐Ala803 showed a lower protein expression of SMA but not cTnT without any change in the mRNA expression level of NKx2.5, myocardin. Therefore, NCFs but not adult CFs possess a similar differentiation potential to MSCs as evidenced by the fact that pAd‐HIF‐1α‐Ala564‐Ala803 can convert NCFs into (cardio)myocyte phenotype via regulating its downstream target genes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chutes or Ladders? A Longitudinal Analysis of Immigrant Earnings

I use longitudinal earnings data from Social Security records to study the effect of selective emigration on the measured progress of immigrants to the United States. The immigrant‐native earnings gap closes by 10–15 percent during immigrants’ first 20 years in the United States, or about half as fast as typical estimates from repeated cross sections of the decennial census. The divergent results indicate that emigration by low‐wage immigrants has systematically led past researchers to overestimate the wage progress of immigrants who remain in the United States. Selective back‐and‐forth migration also leads typical estimates to overstate the measured decline in earnings among successive immigrant arrival cohorts between 1960 and 1980.
Effects of Fosfomycin and Imipenem‐Cilastatin on the Nephrotoxicity of Vancomycin and Cisplatin in Rats

The nephrotoxicity of vancomycin and cisplatin and the protective effects of fosfomycin and imipenem‐cilastatin on renal function have been studied in rats. The renal clearance of vancomycin after the induction of renal dysfunction was also evaluated by calculating the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and its secretory clearance.
Performance Gauging in Discrete Time Using a Luenberger Portfolio Productivity Indicator

This paper proposes a pragmatic, discrete time indicator to gauge the performance of portfolios over time. Integrating the shortage function (Luenberger 1995) into a Luenberger portfolio productivity indicator (Chambers 2002), this study estimates the changes in the relative positions of portfolios with respect to the traditional Markowitz mean-variance efficient frontier, as well as the eventual shifts of this frontier over time. Based on the analysis of local changes relative to these mean-variance and higher moment (in casu, mean-variance-skewness) frontiers, this methodology allows to neatly separate between on the one hand performance changes due to portfolio strategies and on the other hand performance changes due to the market evolution. This methodology is empirically illustrated using mimicking portfolio approach Fama and French (1996, 1997) using US monthly data from January 1931 to August 2007.
Population and Economic Growth Theme: Longitudinal Data for a Sample of Balkan Countries

In this paper we use pooled cross-sectional (longitudinal data) in a sample of 10 Balkan countries. The period we cover is from 1950-2009 data are for population and economic growth. In the theoretical part we present optimal intergenerational model of population growth. The optimal population growth depends on capital in the future period and future consumption. Consumption should be greater than zero, and less than total capital of the current generation. In the econometric part OLS regression with dummies the coefficient on Macedonia,is highest significant coefficient meaning, if we control for Macedonia we will on average find more positive association between growth of GDP and population growth. Hausman test was in favor of fixed effects model, but fixed effects and Random effects model showed that there is positive coefficient between GDP growth and population growth. Coefficient in the FE model was statistically significant, which was not case in RE model. From the Fischer’s panel unit root test we reject the null hypothesis that panels contain unit root and we accept the alternative that at least one panel is stationary, for the population growth and GDP growth.
Supervisory Practices and Their Effect on Teacher's Professional Growth

ABSTRACT: Even though teacher supervision is an everyday practice in schools there is little known about its effect on teacher's professional growth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of supervision on teacher's professional growth from the principal's perspective. Ten High School Principals were interviewed in a semi-structured, open-ended interview format. Results indicated that the Principal's felt that supervision can have an impact on teacher's professional growth, but the level to which is dependent on the type of supervision model used. The majority of Principal's felt that the Walkthrough model is the most effective method in helping teacher's focus on instruction
Electricity Productivity Convergence: A Study Based on Panel Data Model*

This paper provides an empirical analysis of electricity productivity convergence across Chinese provinces over 2000-2006. We use the panel data model to test the conditional convergence and introduce province-specific factors such as electricity price, investment ratio, FDI, technologies, and the international trade. The panel data estimation results show that the gap between the eastern China and western China is decreasing, but there is no absolute convergence in electricity-productivity levels. Furthermore, the influence of electricity price, investment, FDI, technologies and openness on province-specific electricity-productivity growth rates is very limited, though the industrial structure negatively influences the electricity productivity growth.
Mobile Health Interventions for Improving Health Outcomes in Youth: A Meta-analysis

Importance Mobile health interventions are increasingly popular in pediatrics; however, it is unclear how effective these interventions are in changing health outcomes. Objective To determine the effectiveness of mobile health interventions for improving health outcomes in youth 18 years or younger. Data Sources Studies published through November 30, 2016, were collected through PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Educational Resources Information Center, and PsychINFO. Backward and forward literature searches were conducted on articles meeting study inclusion criteria. Search terms included telemedicine, eHealth, mobile health, mHealth, app, and mobile application. Study Selection Search results were limited to infants, children, adolescents, or young adults when possible. Studies were included if quantitative methods were used to evaluate an application of mobile intervention technology in a primary or secondary capacity to promote or modify health behavior in youth 18 years or younger. Studies were excluded if the article was an unpublished dissertation or thesis, the mean age of participants was older than 18 years, the study did not assess a health behavior and disease outcome, or the article did not include sufficient statistics. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied by 2 independent coders with 20% overlap. Of 9773 unique articles, 36 articles (containing 37 unique studies with a total of 29 822 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Data Extraction and Synthesis Of 9773 unique articles, 36 articles (containing 37 unique studies) with a total of 29 822 participants met the inclusion criteria. Effect sizes were calculated from statistical tests that could be converted to standardized mean differences. All aggregate effect sizes and moderator variables were tested using random-effects models. Main Outcomes and Measures Change in health behavior or disease control. Results A total of 29 822 participants were included in the studies. In studies that reported sex, the total number of females was 11 226 (53.2%). Of those reporting age, the average was 11.35 years. The random effects aggregate effect size of mobile health interventions was significant (n = 37; Cohen d = 0.22; 95% CI, 0.14-0.29). The random effects model indicated that providing mobile health intervention to a caregiver increased the strength of the intervention effect. Studies that involved caregivers in the intervention produced effect sizes (n = 16; Cohen d = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.18-0.39) larger than those that did not include caregivers (n = 21; Cohen d = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.02-0.25). Other coded variables did not moderate study effect size. Conclusions and Relevance Mobile health interventions appear to be a viable health behavior change intervention modality for youth. Given the ubiquity of mobile phones, mobile health interventions offer promise in improving public health.
Diferencias regionales en la eficiencia técnica del sector confecciones en Colombia: un análisis de fronteras estocásticas

Este articulo explora el vinculo entre aglomeracion y eficiencia tecnica en la industria de confecciones colombiana. A traves del metodo del analisis de fronteras estocasticas (SFA) se estima la eficiencia para las firmas pertenecientes al sector de confecciones por departamento para probar si la aglomeracion empresarial contribuye a acercar mas a las unidades productivas a su frontera de produccion eficiente. La evidencia sugiere que, al menos en un nivel agregado, existe una relacion positiva entre la concentracion industrial y la eficiencia en la produccion. Este articulo tambien realiza una contribucion metodologica, dado que es el primero en Colombia en aplicar una funcion de produccion estocastica para demostrar el vinculo entre la aglomeracion y la eficiencia.
Ubiquitous electronically mediated informing and sensemaking in organisations

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates the impact between sensemaking as proposed by Karl Weick and his associates’ school of thought, and ubiquitous electronically mediated informing (UEMI) which is the attention-efficient availability of data, information and electronic computing. At best, Weickian sensemaking theory ignores the potential role of UEMI in sensemaking and at worst, it regards it as more of a hindrance than a help. This dim view of electronic information technology (IT), typified as “spreadsheets on screens”, had merit when first expressed in 1985, but its unchanged position notwithstanding IT’s transformation towards UEMI is increasingly untenable. An interpretation based on the attention-efficiency aspect of Mark Weiser’s vision of ubiquitous computing is harnessed as the foundation to review the progress since 1985 towards true ubiquitous computing and to analyse its increasing impact on sensemaking. Ubiquitous computing (which includes UEMI) still has a long way to go with the accuracy of speech recognition a notable obstacle. Yet, progress has been remarkable, and this thesis employs five current UEMI technologies within a limited aspect of society, namely organisations to evaluate this impact: personal memories, virtual presence, augmented reality, speech recognition and organisational memories. Sensemaking is that which gives meaning to experience. It is a social and on-going process made in retrospect, which seeks congruence with one’s identity, is enactive of an environment which enables further sensemaking, and focuses on the noticing and embellishment of cues to the point where the sense which has been made, is plausible enough to act upon. In addition to these seven process properties sensemaking theory also comprises its substance which involves words, sentences, vocabularies and their mechanics. To make meaning (i.e. sense) a minimum of one cue needs to be linked to one frame. Frames tend to be vocabularies that summarise past experience, whilst cues tend to emerge from current experience. This study introduces four notions. Firstly, attention is viewed as a scarce resource in an economic sense. As an act of attending, sensemaking is viewed as an economic process in which ends (the sense or knowledge made) are achieved with limited means (time and attending capability). Therefore people will pay (i.e. invest) attention to make sense of something only up to a point of plausibility where the perceived cost of paying more attention exceeds the expected benefit of doing so. In line with other economic processes, the productivity of organisational sensemaking may be increased with appropriate organisational structures and procedures, human skills, mindsets and most importantly, any technology which lowers the requirements for scarce attention (i.e. UEMI technologies). Secondly, sensemaking theory’s silence on the consequences of sensemaking is addressed by introducing the notions of risky reality, i.e. those situations where gaps between sensemaking and…
Are There Any Cournot Industries?

For 70 Japanese manufacturing industries, I test the simple Cournot hypothesis of proportionality between industry price-cost margin and Herfindahl index against the non-nested alternative that the industry price-cost margin remains constant in the face of varying Herfindahl index, as it would under a simple product differentiated Bertrand framework. I then test each of these against the alternative hybrid specification that nests both of them, and from the pairwise tests, compute likelihoods of each specification. The simple Cournot specification is the most likely for five of the industries, the simple Bertrand specification for 35, and the hybrid specification for 30.