Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Th e Pen Is Migh tier Th an th e Keyboard : Advan tages of Longh and Over Lap top Note Tak ing

Taking notes on laptops rather than in longhand is increasingly common. Many researchers have suggested that laptop note taking is less effective than longhand note taking for learning. Prior studies have primarily focused on students’ capacity for multitasking and distraction when using laptops. The present research suggests that even when laptops are used solely to take notes, they may still be impairing learning because their use results in shallower processing. In three studies, we found that students who took notes on laptops performed worse on conceptual questions than students who took notes longhand. We show that whereas taking more notes can be beneficial, laptop note takers’ tendency to transcribe lectures verbatim rather than processing information and reframing it in their own words is detrimental to learning.
On the Origin of Deep Learning On the Origin of Deep Learning

This paper is a review of the evolutionary history of deep learning models. It covers from the genesis of neural networks when associationism modeling of the brain is studied, to the models that dominate the last decade of research in deep learning like convolutional neural networks, deep belief networks, and recurrent neural networks, and extends to popular recent models like variational autoencoder and generative adversarial nets. In addition to a review of these models, this paper primarily focuses on the precedents of the models above, examining how the initial ideas are assembled to construct the early models and how these preliminary models are developed into their current forms. Many of these evolutionary paths last more than half a century and have a diversity of directions. For example, CNN is built on prior knowledge of biological vision system; DBN is evolved from a trade-off of modeling power and computation complexity of graphical models and many nowadays models are neural counterparts of ancient linear models. This paper reviews these evolutionary paths and offers a concise thought flow of how these models are developed, and aims to provide a thorough background for deep learning. More importantly, along with the path, this paper summarizes the gist behind these milestones and proposes many directions to guide the future research of deep learning. 1 ar X iv :1 70 2. 07 80 0v 1 [ cs . L G ] 2 4 Fe b 20 17
Adaptive Deployment of Mobile Robotic Networks

This paper considers deployment problems where a mobile robotic network must optimize its configuration in a distributed way in order to minimize a steady-state cost function that depends on the spatial distribution of certain probabilistic events of interest. Moreover, it is assumed that the event location distribution is a priori unknown, and can only be progressively inferred from the observation of the actual event occurrences. Three classes of problems are discussed in detail: coverage control problems, spatial partitioning problems, and dynamic vehicle routing problems. In each case, distributed stochastic gradient algorithms optimizing the performance objective are presented. The stochastic gradient view simplifies and generalizes previously proposed solutions, and is applicable to new complex scenarios, such as adaptive coverage involving heterogeneous agents. Remarkably, these algorithms often take the form of simple distributed rules that could be implemented on resource-limited platforms.
Magnetic Facilities

Facilities that draw youth from different communities are prone to become offender convergence settings and intercity crime generators. Applying network analysis to self-nominated hangouts of 5,082 delinquent youth residing in Southern California revealed specific facilities acting as regional convergence settings. A small number of magnetic locations (measured by popularity and breadth of appeal) enable the congregation and interaction of youth that would otherwise not be exposed to each other. As predicted, the sociocirculatory structure of place networks remains relatively constant over time. In-degree and betweenness centrality statistics offer a viable analytic strategy to identify facilities operating as stable regional convergence locations. Crime prevention programs invoking effective place management through ordinances may offer a way to publicly govern these private facilities.
ESTIMACIÓN MONOCULAR Y EFICIENTE DE LA POSE USANDO MODELOS 3

El siguiente documento presenta un método robusto y eficiente para estimar la pose de una cámara. El método propuesto asume el conocimiento previo de un modelo 3D del entorno, y compara una nueva imagen de entrada únicamente con un conjunto pequeño de imágenes similares seleccionadas previamente por un algoritmo de "Bag of Visual Words". De esta forma se evita el alto coste computacional de calcular la correspondencia de los puntos 2D de la imagen de entrada contra todos los puntos 3D de un modelo complejo, que en nuestro caso contiene más de 100,000 puntos. La estimación de la pose se lleva a cabo a partir de estas correspondencias 2D-3D utilizando un novedoso algoritmo de PnP que realiza la eliminación de valores atípicos (outliers) sin necesidad de utilizar RANSAC, y que es entre 10 y 100 veces más rápido que los métodos que lo utilizan.
Asking the Right Questions about Preparing Skilled and Effective Teachers of Young Children

Preschool teachers play a critical role in children’s development yet there is little agreement about how to codify teacher knowledge and skill. This brief argues that too much attention has been given to debating the baseline of qualifications required of preschool teachers (e.g., AA vs. BA), failing to take into account the precise nature of the education that teachers have received en route to their degrees, support for ongoing learning, and the effects of the workplace environment on their teaching practice. This brief is intended to illuminate these questions and provide recommendations that can lead to their resolution.
Bifacial Growth InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs Concentrator Solar Cells

A three-junction concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) cell with 1.9-eV InGaP top and 1.42-eV GaAs middle cells on one side of an infrared-transparent N-GaAs wafer and a 0.94-eV InGaAs bottom cell on the opposite wafer side (backside) is described. This architecture isolates the upper lattice-matched subcells from threading dislocations generated during the growth of the lattice-mismatched bottom subcell. The cell uses a unique epitaxial bifacial growth technique with only a simple water rinse and spin dry between growths on opposite wafer sides. The best independently verified efficiency for a 1-cm<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$^2$</tex></formula> cell is 42.3% at 406-suns AM1.5D at 25 °C (V<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{\rm oc}$ </tex></formula> 3.452 V, 87.1% FF, and 1-sun J <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{\rm sc}$</tex></formula> of 14.07 mA/cm<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX"> $^2$</tex></formula>). We give data on single-junction subcells and tunnel junctions in the tandem, quantum efficiency, and temperature coefficient data, discuss use of a thin pseudomorphic layer at the back of the GaAs middle subcell to extend the wavelength response, and discuss the benefit of graded doping layers in increasing subcell 1-sun J<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{\rm sc}$</tex></formula> at the top and bottom subcells.
Sexual risk behaviours of Puerto Rican drug users in East Harlem New York and Bayamón, Puerto Rico

Puerto Rican drug users both in New York and Puerto Rico have disproportionately high rates of HIV/AIDS. This paper derives findings from the ARIBBA Project--a dual site study of HIV risk behaviour determinants among Puerto Rican injection drug users and crack smokers, conducted in East Harlem, NY and Bayamón, PR. Qualitative data collected in focus groups, interviews and observations revealed significant differences in sexual risk behaviours, perceptions of risks and cultural/behavioural norms between the two locations, which were supported by the results of a survey of 1200 drug users. Recommendations are made for enhancing HIV risk reduction efforts in both communities.
Inflation, Nominal Portfolios, and Wealth Redistribution in Canada (Inflation, Portefeuilles Nominaux, Et Redistribution De La Richesse AU Canada) 

This paper quantifies the redistributional effects of inflation in Canada that arise through the revaluation of nominal assets and liabilities. We find that the effects are non‐trivial even for low inflation episodes. The main winners are young, middle‐class households with mortgage debt. The government receives a windfall gain from its long‐term debt. The old, the rich or the middle‐aged, middle‐class lose, largely owing to their holdings of bonds and non‐indexed defined benefit pension assets. Finally, our Canada‐U.S. comparison reveals that the extent of redistributions can be quite different even between countries of similar economic and legal environments. (Ce texte quantifie les effets de redistribution de la richesse de l’inflation au Canada attribuable a la reevaluation des actifs et des dettes nominaux. On decouvre que ces effets ne sont pas insignifiants meme pour des episodes de faible inflation. Le gouvernement encaisse un gain inattendu de sa dette a long terme. Les plus vieux, les riches ou la classe moyenne d’âge moyen essuient des pertes a cause des obligations qu’ils detiennent et des actifs non‐indexes dans leurs regimes de rentes a prestations definies. Finalement, les comparaisons Canada‐Etats‐Unis montrent que l’importance de la redistribution peut etre fort differente meme entre deux pays ou les environnements economiques et legaux se ressemblent.)
Fourier transform infrared techniques for probing membrane protein structure.

PERSPECTIVES AND OVERVIEW ••. •• • • 541 FfIR TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS . • •••••. ••• 542 Basic Principles of FTIR 542 Diff erence Spectroscopy 544 Attenuated Total Reflection . 549 Resolution Enhancement of FTIR Spectra . 554 Time-Resolved FTIR Techniques 556 Polarized IR Spectroscopy 560 Assignment of FTIR Spectra by Membrane Protein Modification 563 CONCLUSIONS. 566
Risk of hyperprolactinemia and sexual side effects in males 10-20 years old diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders or disruptive behavior disorder and treated with risperidone.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term treatment effects of risperidone on prolactin levels and prolactin-related side effects in pubertal boys with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and disruptive behavior disorders (DBD). METHOD Physical healthy 10-20-year-old males with ASD (n=89) and/ or DBD (n=9) chronically treated (mean 52 months, range 16-126 months) with risperidone (group 1, n=51) or not treated with any antipsychotic (group 2, n=47) were recruited to this observational study from the child psychiatry outpatient clinic. Morning non-fasting serum prolactin levels were measured and prolactin-related side effects were assessed by means of questionnaires and physical examination. Group differences were tested with Student's t, χ(2), Fisher exact, and Mann-Whitney tests, and logistic regression analysis, according to the type and distribution of data. RESULTS Hyperprolactinemia was present in 47% of subjects in group 1 but only in 2% of subjects in group 2 (odds ratio 71.9; 95% CI, 7.7; 676.3). Forty-six percent of subjects in group 1 had asymptomatic hyperprolactinemia. Current risperidone dose and 9-OH risperidone plasma level were significant predictors of hyperprolactinemia (p=0.035 and p=0.03, respectively). Gynecomastia and sexual dysfunction were present in 43% and 14% of the subjects in group 1, respectively, compared with 21% and 0% of subjects in group 2 (p=0.05 and p=0.01). Gynecomastia was not significantly associated with hyperprolactinemia. CONCLUSIONS Hyperprolactinemia is a common side effect in young males treated over the long term with risperidone. Young males treated with risperidone are more likely to report diminished sexual functioning than are those not treated with antipsychotics.
The DNA polymerase λ is required for the repair of non-compatible DNA double strand breaks by NHEJ in mammalian cells

DNA polymerase lambda (polλ) is a recently identified DNA polymerase whose cellular function remains elusive. Here we show, that polλ participates at the molecular level in a chromosomal context, in the repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSB) via non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) in mammalian cells. The expression of a catalytically inactive form of polλ (polλDN) decreases the frequency of NHEJ events in response to I-Sce-I-induced DSB whereas inactivated forms of its homologues polβ and polμ do not. Only events requiring DNA end processing before ligation are affected; this defect is associated with large deletions arising in the vicinity of the induced DSB. Furthermore, polλDN-expressing cells exhibit increased sensitization and genomic instability in response to ionizing radiation similar to that of NHEJ-defective cells. Our data support a requirement for polλ in repairing a subset of DSB in genomic DNA, thereby contributing to the maintenance of genetic stability mediated by the NHEJ pathway.
Nutzung von ERP-Systemen in Produktionsnahen Geschäftsprozessen am Beispiel von SAP ERP

Nutzungsdaten von Industrieunternehmen, die auf systembasierten Analysen fundieren, liegen als empirisches Datenmaterial der Wirtschaftsin- formatik kaum vor. Der Beitrag stellt 53 detailliert analysierte Industrieunter- nehmen vor, deren Daten Aufschluss uber Haufigkeit der Nutzung von Produk- tionsprozessen liefern und die Tatigkeitsschwerpunkte von Anwendern quanti- fizieren. Der Datenbestand wurde gewonnen auf Basis von Nutzungsanalysen von SAP-Systemen mittels RBE Plus, einem Reverse Business Engineering Werkzeug. Die Systemdaten basieren auf den Aktivitaten von mehr als 191.000 Anwendern in Unternehmen aus Europa und den USA. Die Erkenntnisse liefern dem Einzelunternehmen einen Vergleichsmasstab und zeigen, wo Verbesse- rungspotenziale in den Teilprozessen liegen.
A preliminary neuropsychological study of Persian Gulf veterans

Abstract A neuropsychological investigation of 21 Persian Gulf veterans and 38 demographically matched controls was conducted in order to make a preliminary determination concerning presence of neuropsychological deficits associated with the Persian Gulf War experience. The neuropsychological test battery consisted of measures of complex attention, memory, and motor skills previously shown to be sensitive to exposure to environmental toxins. It was found that the Persian Gulf veteran group did not demonstrate substantial impairment, but an impairment index derived from 14 test variables was statistically significantly different from controls in the direction of poorer performance. (JINS, 1996, 2, 368–371.)
Real-time stereo vision system at nighttime with noise reduction using simplified non-local matching cost

Reconstructing the depth information from the 3D scene using stereo vision is a key element in the development of advanced driver assistance systems. We previously proposed a novel real-time stereo matching method based on the Multi-paths Viterbi that outperforms the well-known SGBM (Semi-Global Block-Matching Algorithm) algorithm in both disparity accuracy and density. In this paper, we extend the previous framework to estimate the depth information for challenging environments such as nighttime. Estimating the depth at nighttime is generally challenging as the night images are dark and noisy and the estimated depth information is not accurate. In our proposed work, we modify the non-local means filter and propose a new non-local cost function to combine the noise reduction and stereo vision within a single framework. We evaluate our proposed algorithm on both natural and synthetic datasets and show that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the quality of the stereo results in the low light condition. Moreover, our proposed method can be implemented in real-time for autonomous driver applications.
Miltefosine Induces Apoptosis-Like Cell Death in Yeast via Cox9p in Cytochrome c Oxidase

Miltefosine has antifungal properties and potential for development as a therapeutic for invasive fungal infections. However, its mode of action in fungi is poorly understood. We demonstrate that miltefosine is rapidly incorporated into yeast, where it penetrates the mitochondrial inner membrane, disrupting mitochondrial membrane potential and leading to an apoptosis-like cell death. COX9, which encodes subunit VIIa of the cytochrome c oxidase (COX) complex in the electron transport chain of the mitochondrial membrane, was identified as a potential target of miltefosine from a genomic library screen of the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When overexpressed in S. cerevisiae, COX9, but not COX7 or COX8, led to a miltefosine-resistant phenotype. The effect of miltefosine on COX activity was assessed in cells expressing different levels of COX9. Miltefosine inhibited COX activity in a dose-dependent manner in Cox9p-positive cells. This inhibition most likely contributed to the miltefosine-induced apoptosis-like cell death.
Distance education systems for English learning on the Internet

We studied a distance education model for English learning on the Internet. Basic WWW files, that contain courseware, are constructed with HTML and functions, which are required in learning, are implemented with Java. Students and educators can access the preferred unit composed of the appropriate text, voice and image data by using a WWW browser at any time. The education system supports the automatic generation facility of English problems to practice reading and writing by making good use of the courseware data or various English text resources located on the Internet. Our system has functions to manage and control the flow of distance learning and to offer interaction between students and the system in a distributed environment. Educators can manage students' learning and can immediately be aware of who is attending and who is quitting the lesson in virtual space. Also, students and educators in different places can communicate and discuss a topic through the server. We implemented these functions, which are required in a client/server environment of distance education, with the use of Java.
Effects of Treatment on IgE Responses against Parasite Allergen-Like Proteins and Immunity to Reinfection in Childhood Schistosome and Hookworm Coinfections

ABSTRACT Naturally occurring human immunity to both schistosomiasis and hookworm infection has been associated with IgE responses against parasite allergen-like proteins. Since the two helminths frequently coinfect the same individuals, there is growing advocacy for their concurrent treatment. However, both helminths are known to exert strong immunomodulatory effects; therefore, coinfected individuals could have immune responses different from those characteristically seen in monoinfected individuals. In this study, we measured changes in IgE, IgG1, and IgG4 responses to schistosome and hookworm antigens, including the allergen-like proteins Schistosoma mansoni tegumental-allergen-like 1 protein (SmTAL1), SmTAL2, and Necator americanus Ancylostoma-secreted protein-2 (Na-ASP-2), following concurrent treatment of schoolchildren coinfected with Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm. Antibody responses to schistosome egg (soluble egg antigen and SmTAL2) or somatic adult hookworm (AHW) antigens either decreased after treatment or were unchanged, whereas those to schistosome worm antigens (soluble worm antigen and SmTAL1) increased. The observed different effects of treatment likely reflect the different modes of drug action and sites of infection for these two helminths. Importantly, there was no evidence that the simultaneous treatment of coinfected children with praziquantel and albendazole affected schistosome- and hookworm-specific humoral responses differently from those characteristic of populations in which only one organism is endemic; schistosome- and hookworm-specific responses were not associated, and there was no evidence for cross-regulation. Posttreatment increases in the levels of IgE to schistosome worm antigens were associated with lower Schistosoma mansoni reinfection intensity, while no associations between humoral responses to AHW antigen and protection from hookworm reinfection were observed in this sample of school-aged children.
Double auction with interdependent values: Incentives and efficiency

We study a double auction environment where buyers and sellers have interdependent valuations and multi-unit demand and supply. We propose a new mechanism which satisfies ex post incentive compatibility, individual rationality, feasibility, non-wastefulness, and no budget deficit. Moreover, this mechanism is asymptotically efficient in that the trade outcome in the mechanism converges to the efficient level as in a competitive equilibrium as the numbers of the buyers and sellers become large. Our mechanism is the first double auction mechanism with these properties in the interdependent values setting.
Exploring Links between Internal and International Migration in Albania: a View from Internal Migrants

Over the last 20years, Albania has experienced sweeping economic and social changes, caused in part by increasing internal and international migration flows. Migration trajectories of Albanians represent a combination of internal, international, and return migration. Whereas scholars have previously focused mainly on international migration, the current research explores the dynamics between internal and international migration. Typically, the internal migration of a family is supported, psychologically and financially, by the international migration of other household members. This paper reports on the influence that social and economic remittances have on the livelihoods of internal migrants. Using an ethnographic approach, financial and social remittances were shown to improve internal migrants' quality of life, assisting their adjustment process. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novel Pathogenic Variant in the MITF Gene Segregating with a Unique Spectrum of Ocular Findings in an Extended Iranian Waardenburg Syndrome Kindred

Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by abnormal pigmentation of the hair, skin, and iris as well as sensorineural hearing loss. WS is subdivided into 4 major types (WS1-4), where WS2 is characterized by the absence of dystopia canthorum. This study was launched to investigate clinical and molecular characteristics of WS in an extended Iranian WS2 family. A comprehensive clinical investigation was performed. Peripheral blood samples were collected and genomic DNA was extracted. Affected members of the family were studied for possible mutations within the SOX10, MITF, and SNAI2 genes. Six WS2 individuals affected from a large Iranian WS2 kindred were enrolled. All affected members carried the novel substitution c.877C>T at exon 9 in the MITF gene, which resulted in p.Arg293* at the protein level. None of the healthy members and also of 50 ethnically matched controls had this variant. In addition, a spectrum of unique ocular findings, including nystagmus, chorioretinal degeneration, optic disc hypoplasia, astigmatism, and myopia, was segregated with the mutant allele in the pedigree. Our data provide insight into the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of WS2 in an Iranian family and could further expand the spectrum of MITF mutations and have implications for genetic counseling on WS in Iran.