Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression and regulation of Homer in human skeletal muscle during neuromuscular junction adaptation to disuse and exercise

Protein calcium sensors of the Homer family have been proposed to modulate the activity of various ion channels and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), the transcription factor modulating skeletal muscle differentiation. We monitored Homer expression and subcellular localization in human skeletal muscle biopsies following 60 d of bedrest [Second Berlin Bedrest Study (BBR2‐2)]. Soleus (SOL) and vastus lateralis (VL) biopsies were taken at start (pre) and at end (end) of bedrest from healthy male volunteers of a control group without exercise (CTR; n=9), a resistive‐only exercise group (RE; n=7), and a combined resistive/vibration exercise group (RVE; n=7). Confocal analysis showed Homer immunoreactivity at the postsynaptic microdomain of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) at bedrest start. After bedrest, Homer immunoreactivity decreased (CTR), remained unchanged (RE), or increased (RVE) at the NMJ. Homer2 mRNA and protein were differently regulated in a muscle‐specific way. Activated NFATc1 translocates from cytoplasm to nucleus; increased amounts of NFATc1‐immunopositive slow‐type myonuclei were found in RVE myofibers of both muscles. Pulldown assays identified NFATc1 and Homer as molecular partners in skeletal muscle. A direct motor nerve control of Homer2 was confirmed in rat NMJs by in vivo denervation. Homer2 is localized at the NMJ and is part of the calcineurin‐NFATc1 signaling pathway. RVE has additional benefit over RE as countermeasure preventing disuse‐induced neuromuscular maladaptation during bedrest. —Salanova, M. , Bortoloso, E. , Schiffl, G. , Gutsmann, M. , Belavý, D. L. , Felsenberg, D. , Furlan, S. , Volpe, P., Blottner, D. Expression and regulation of Homer in human skeletal muscle during neuromuscular junction adaptation to disuse and exercise. FASEB J. 25, 4312–4325 (2011). www.fasebj. org
Critical Realism, Managers and Information

Many accounts of contemporary management raise the issue of the effective use of information, but little is said about how this is to be achieved. This paper sets notions of ‘information literacy’, drawn from higher education, against the reflections of a small group of managers. This indicates that there are a number of dimensions, notably the relationship of information use to organizational power, that are not adequately catered for in current conceptions of information literacy. It is argued that existing accounts focus excessively on the construction of meaning without taking into account the constraints on such construction. Drawing on resources from critical realism, these constraints are taken to relate both to the individual's embodied nature and to the structural dimensions of their practice. Exploration of these constraints is felt to require attention to the temporal dimension of social analysis and to an examination of the interrelationships between structure and agency.
Serum Uric Acid and Plasma Norepinephrine Concentrations Predict Subsequent Weight Gain and Blood Pressure Elevation

Abstract—It has been reported that hypertension and obesity often coexist with hyperuricemia. To clarify the relations between serum uric acid, plasma norepinephrine, and insulin or leptin levels in subjects with weight gain–induced blood pressure elevation, we conducted the present longitudinal study. In 433 young, nonobese, normotensive men, body mass index, blood pressure, and levels of serum uric acid, fasting plasma norepinephrine, insulin, and leptin were measured every year for 5 years. Subjects were stratified by significant weight gain and/or blood pressure elevation (>10% in body mass index or mean blood pressure) for 5 years. At entry, blood pressure, uric acid, and norepinephrine values in subjects with blood pressure elevation were greater than in those without it, although body mass index, insulin, and leptin were similar. At entry, body mass index, blood pressure, uric acid, and norepinephrine in subjects with weight gain were greater than in those without weight gain. The increases in body mass index, mean blood pressure, uric acid, norepinephrine, insulin, and leptin for 5 years were greater in subjects with blood pressure elevation and/or weight gain than in subjects without, and those increases were greatest in subjects with weight gain whose blood pressure was elevated. By multiple regression analysis, basal mean blood pressure, norepinephrine, and uric acid were significant determinant factors of changes in mean blood pressure over 5 years, and basal body mass index, norepinephrine, and uric acid were significant determinant factors of changes in body mass index. These results demonstrate that serum uric acid and plasma norepinephrine concentrations predict subsequent weight gain and blood pressure elevation.
Lecture notes on Chern-Simons (super-)gravities

This is intended to be a broad introduction to Chern-Simons gravity and supergravity. The motivation for these theories lies in the desire to have a gauge invariant system –with a fiber bundle formulation– in more than three dimensions, which could provide a firm ground for constructing a quantum theory of the gravitational field. The starting point is a gravitational action which generalizes the Einstein theory for dimensions D > 4 –Lovelock gravity. It is then shown that in odd dimensions there is a particular choice of the arbitrary parameters of the action that makes the theory gauge invariant under the (anti-)de Sitter or the Poincaré groups. The resulting lagrangian is a Chern-Simons form for a connection of the corresponding gauge groups and the vielbein and the spin connection are parts of this connection field. These theories also admit a natural supersymmetric extension for all odd D where the local supersymmetry algebra closes off-shell and without a need for auxiliary fields. No analogous construction is available in even dimensions. A cursory discussion of the unexpected dynamical features of these theories and a number of open problems are also presented. These notes were prepared for the Fifth CBPF Graduate School, held in Rio de Janeiro in July 2004 and will be published in Portuguese [1]. They are a revised version of those prepared for the Villa de Leyva Summer School 2001 and which were published in [2], which were in turn the updated version of the lectures at the La Hechicera School 1999 in Mérida (Venezuela) and at the 20th Particles and Fields Meeting, Sao Lourenço, Brazil, Oct. 1999 [3].
Secondary Structure across the Bacterial Transcriptome Reveals Versatile Roles in mRNA Regulation and Function

Messenger RNA acts as an informational molecule between DNA and translating ribosomes. Emerging evidence places mRNA in central cellular processes beyond its major function as informational entity. Although individual examples show that specific structural features of mRNA regulate translation and transcript stability, their role and function throughout the bacterial transcriptome remains unknown. Combining three sequencing approaches to provide a high resolution view of global mRNA secondary structure, translation efficiency and mRNA abundance, we unraveled structural features in E. coli mRNA with implications in translation and mRNA degradation. A poorly structured site upstream of the coding sequence serves as an additional unspecific binding site of the ribosomes and the degree of its secondary structure propensity negatively correlates with gene expression. Secondary structures within coding sequences are highly dynamic and influence translation only within a very small subset of positions. A secondary structure upstream of the stop codon is enriched in genes terminated by UAA codon with likely implications in translation termination. The global analysis further substantiates a common recognition signature of RNase E to initiate endonucleolytic cleavage. This work determines for the first time the E. coli RNA structurome, highlighting the contribution of mRNA secondary structure as a direct effector of a variety of processes, including translation and mRNA degradation.
3D Nanowire-Based Programmable Logic

In nanowire-based logic, the semiconducting material (e.g., Si, GaN, SiGe) is grown into individual nanowires rather than being part of the substrate. This offers us the opportunity to stack multiple layers of nanowires to create a three-dimensional logic structure which has high quality semiconductors in all vertical layers. The authors detail a feasible three-dimensional programmable logic architecture which can plausibly be realized from layers of semiconducting nanowires, making only modest assumptions about the control and placement of individual nanowires in the assembly. This shows a natural path for continuing to scale areal logic density once nanowire pitches approach fundamental limits. The authors show that the three dimensional systems are volumetrically efficient, with the surface area reducing roughly in proportion to the number of vertical layers. The authors further show that, on average, delay is reduced 18% from compact layout in three dimensions. For only a 20% area impact, the authors show how to avoid adding any manufacturing steps to physically isolate portions of nanowire layers
Learning Cyclic Signaling Pathway Structures While Minimizing Data Requirements

Bayesian network structure learning is a useful tool for elucidation of regulatory structures of biomolecular pathways. The approach however is limited by its acyclicity constraint, a problematic one in the cycle-containing biological domain. Here, we introduce a novel method for modeling cyclic pathways in biology, by employing our newly introduced Generalized Bayesian Networks (GBNs). Our novel algorithm enables cyclic structure learning while employing biologically relevant data, as it extends our cycle-learning algorithm to permit learning with singly perturbed samples. We present theoretical arguments as well as structure learning results from realistic, simulated data of a biological system. We also present results from a real world dataset, involving signaling pathways in T-cells.
From metaphor to method: cartographic perspectives on information visualization

By virtue of their spatio-cognitive abilities, humans are able to navigate through geographic space as well as meaningfully communicate geographic information represented in cartographic form. The current dominance of spatial metaphors in information visualization research is the result of the realization that those cognitive skills also have value in the exploration and analysis of non-geographic information. While mapping or landscape metaphors are routinely used in this field, there is a noticeable lack of consideration for existing cartographic expertise. This is especially apparent whenever problematic issues are encountered, such as graphic complexity or feature labeling. There are a number of areas in which a cartographic outlook could provide a valuable perspective. This paper discusses how geographic and cartographic notions may influence the design of visualizations for textual information spaces. Map projections, generalization, feature labeling and map design issues are discussed.
Learning about learning outcomes: the student perspective

Despite an extensive literature on how to frame learning outcomes, to date, limited attention has been given to understanding whether and how students actually use them. This study employed a questionnaire survey and focus groups with students in three disciplines at the University of Leicester to explore students' perceptions and use of learning outcomes. The findings suggest that the majority of students find learning outcomes useful and use them to support their studies in various ways. However, the data also indicate that some students struggle to understand from their learning outcomes the level of learning required to cover their topic area or to pass assessments. Additionally, certain respondents reported that learning outcomes can restrict or overfragment their knowledge. Whilst many students wanted learning outcomes to remain a central part of their learning experience, the findings suggest further work is required to establish more effective use of learning outcomes as a learning resource.
Author Name Disambiguation in Citations

Members of the academic community have increasingly turned to digital libraries to search for the latest work of their peers. On account of their role in the academic community, it is very important that these digital libraries collect citations in a consistent, accurate, and up-to-date manner, yet they do not correctly compile citations for myriads of authors for various reasons including authors with the same name, a problem known as the "name ambiguity problem. " This problem occurs when multiple authors share the same name and particularly when names are simplified as in cases where names merely contain the first initial and the last name. In this paper, we propose an automatic algorithm to disambiguate authors in citations by using their specific attribute on the Web. A binary classifier and a cluster separator are applied to cluster citations. Our experiment results show that the disambiguation accuracy can be improved from 51% to 73% when using Web information.
Isolation of Hfr Strains from R+ and ColV2+ Strains of Escherichia coli and Derivation of an R′lac Factor by Transduction

Temperature-resistant revertants were isolated from Escherichia coli strains carrying a temperature-sensitive dnaA mutation (initiation of chromosome replication) and either a repressed or a derepressed F-like R factor or a ColV2 factor. Many of the revertants had all the properties of Hfr strains, with a variety of directions and origins of transfer. From one such revertant, episomes carrying the R factor and part of the lac region (R′lac) could be isolated by transduction. This system offers a good selection for Hfr strains produced by integration of various episomes and for the isolation of R′ factors.
Chitinase system of Bacillus circulans WL-12 and importance of chitinase A1 in chitin degradation

Bacillus circulans WL-12, isolated as a yeast cell wall-lytic bacterium, secretes a variety of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes into culture medium. When chitinases of the bacterium were induced with chitin, six distinct chitinase molecules were detected in the culture supernatant. These chitinases (A1, A2, B1, B2, C, and D) showed the following distinct sizes and isoelectric points: Mr 74,000, pI 4.7 (A1); Mr 69,000, pI 4.5 (A2); Mr 38,000, pI 6.6 (B1); Mr 38,000, pI 5.9 (B2); Mr 39,000, pI 8.5 (C); and Mr 52,000, pI 5.2 (D). Among these chitinases, A1 and A2 had the highest colloidal-chitin-hydrolyzing activities. Chitinase A1 showed a strong affinity to insoluble substrate chitin. Purified chitinase A1 released predominantly chitobiose [(GlcNAc)2] and a trace amount of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from colloidal chitin. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of chitinases A1 and A2 indicated that chitinase A2 was generated from chitinase A1, presumably by proteolytic removal of a C-terminal portion of chitinase A1. Since chitinase A2 did not have the ability to bind to chitin, the importance of the C-terminal region of chitinase A1 to the strong affinity of chitinase A1 to substrate chitin was suggested. Strong affinity of the chitinase seemed to be required for complete degradation of insoluble substrate chitin. From these results, it was concluded that chitinase A1 is the key enzyme in the chitinase system of this bacterium.
Disjoint Compatible Geometric Matchings

We prove that for every set of n pairwise disjoint line segments in the plane in general position, where n is even, there is another set of n segments such that the 2n segments form pairwise disjoint simple polygons in the plane. This settles in the affirmative the Disjoint Compatible Matching Conjecture by Aichholzer et al. (Comput. Geom. 42:617–626, 2009). The key tool in our proof is a novel subdivision of the free space around n disjoint line segments into at most n+1 convex cells such that the dual graph of the subdivision contains two edge-disjoint spanning trees.
Contemplating the Fit and Utility of Nursing Theory and Nursing Scholarship Informed by the Social Sciences and Humanities

In this article, authors contend that a lack of familiarity with philosophical thinking undermines the ability of students and subsequently practicing nurses to theorize for themselves. Engagement with philosophical ideas propels nurses well beyond the unthinking “application” of extant theory, to theorizing, that is, using theoretical formulations to engage with the significant phenomena we encounter in the world of human health. The authors present a framework to guide philosophical interrogation of knowledge, with a focus on the utility of both disciplinary knowledge and knowledge from the social sciences and humanities.
Acquired Relational Equivalence Between Contexts and Features

In 2 . experiments, rats received a biconditional discrimination wherein separate presentations of A and B signaled 1 pair of associations (X —> food and Y —> no food) and presentations of C and D signaled a different pair of associations (X —> no food and Y —> food). In Experiment 1, A, B, C, and D were diffuse contextual stimuli in which the associations were embedded. In Experiment 2, A and C were contextual stimuli whereas B and D were features that immediately preceded the associations. To assess the associative structures acquired during training, all rats then received a revaluation procedure in which A was paired with shock and C was not. In both experiments, greater generalized suppression of behavior was observed in the presence of B than in the presence of D. These results indicate that contextual stimuli share with features the capacity to evoke the associations that they have signaled.
Trusted and load-balanced ant-based routing in mobile ad hoc networks

This paper presents an ant-based trusted routing algorithm with load-balancing for mobile ad hoc networks within the framework of mobile process groups MPGs. The proposed algorithm uses a hybrid approach as it proactively forms the group views of mobile processes agents in initialisation phase and maintains and updates these group views reactively in accordance with the topology change in maintenance phase. Route is discovered reactively on-demand when a source node sends a route request for routing. Reactive path setup is instigated by sending ant packets on the trusted paths. These ant packets update the routing path with a pheromone value which is computed using trust on that node and the node's load taking capability. Therefore, ant packets always follow the path which is most trustworthy and has low traffic load density. The proposed approach was implemented in JADE and the results show that the nodes having high trust and less traffic load density were always chosen as forwarding nodes forming the trusted path with less load.
Serotype-Specific and Serotype-Independent Strategies for Preharvest Control of Food-Borne Salmonella in Poultry

Abstract Of more than 2500 identified Salmonella serotypes, only a small proportion are common in poultry flocks. However, there is an epidemiologically important connection between poultry products and human infections because many of the serotypes that are most prevalent in humans (such as Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis) are similarly common in poultry. The scope of food safety efforts for poultry products has been broadened in recent years to include more attention to animal production (or preharvest) issues. The goal of preharvest poultry food safety is to minimize opportunities for the introduction, persistence, and transmission of flock infections with Salmonella and other human pathogens. This objective can be pursued either by general strategies directed against all Salmonella serotypes (and in some instances against other pathogenic microorganisms as well) or by more specific strategies that are designed to act with precision against particular Salmonella serotypes with distinctive public health or economic significance. Risk assessment studies have recommended intervention at multiple steps in the farm-to-table continuum as the most productive overall approach. A comprehensive quality assurance strategy, encompassing both broadly based risk-reduction practices and targeted testing to detect pathogens of concern, has been associated with a lower incidence of Salmonella Enteritidis infections in both egg-laying flocks and humans in a number of countries. Although the emphasis in these types of programs is primarily on risk reduction, testing provides essential verification of the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of risk-reduction practices (and identifies flocks infected with uniquely problematic serotypes). Vaccination can enhance the short-term responsiveness of control programs to address problems involving specific serotypes of elevated significance.
Perception of the voicing contrast by Dutch children and adults

Abstract A phoneme identification experiment manipulating closure duration was carried out to investigate perception of the word-medial voicing contrast by Dutch four-year-old, six-year-old, and 12-year-old children, and Dutch adults. Pretest results show that all children responded correctly to real-word minimal pairs differing in stop voicing. Subsequently, subjects were tested in an identification task using nonsense words, in which closure duration for labial and alveolar stops was manipulated through waveform editing. The two older age groups consistently distinguished voiced and voiceless stops. The younger children displayed a relatively high percentage of ambiguous responses, indicating that they had difficulties with the categorization of voiced and voiceless stops. Results are discussed in relation to adult perception, the perception-production relationship, and early infant research. It is argued that phoneme perception in children from the age of four evolves synchronously with their phoneme production, and that the perceptual processes develop gradually with age.
Behavioral Strategies for Dealing with Flaming in An Online Forum

What factors condition the discharge of hostility in cyberspace? What behavioral strategies are adopted by Internet users to deal with the potentially disruptive effects of flaming upon interpersonal relationships? How are they different from their off-line counterparts? Based on ethnographic observation of a Usenet newsgroup, this article investigates the characteristic features of flaming and the conflict management style in the group. It identifies behavioral patterns that group members developed to cope with flaming (e.g., withdrawal, offering apologies, denunciation, posting poems, mediation, showing solidarity, joking, ritualizing, normalizing). This study also finds that the blurring of geographical boundaries online makes political discussions more inflammatory, and the hybrid of asynchronous written and spoken communications facilitates the creation of new forms of conflict style (e.g., posting poems). Online participants, through adopting the strategies of ritualizing and normalizing, tend to consider flaming as an unfortunate but quite acceptable category of interaction in virtual space.