Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Locality and Interleaving Information to Improve Shared Cache Performance

The cache interference is found to play a critical role in optimizing cache allocation among concurrent threads for shared cache. Conventional LRU policy usually works well for low interference workloads, while high cache interference among threads demands explicit allocation regulation, such as cache partitioning. Cache interference is shown to be tied to inter-thread memory reference interleaving granularity: high interference is caused by fine-grain interleaving while low interference is caused coarse-grain interleaving. Profiling of real multi-program workloads shows that cache set mapping and temporal phase result in the variation of interleaving granularity. When memory references from different threads map to disjoint cache sets, or they occur in distinct time windows, they tend to cause little interference due to coarse-grain interleaving. The interleaving granularity measured by run-length in workloads is found to correlate with the preference of cache management policy: fine-grain interleaving workloads perform better with cache partitioning, and coarse-grain interleaving workloads perform better with LRU. Most existing shared cache management techniques are based on working set locality analysis. This dissertation studies the shared cache performance by taking both locality and interleaving information into consideration. Oracle algorithm which provides theoretical best performance is investigated to provide insight into how to design a better practical policy. Profiling and analysis of Oracle algorithm lead to the proposal of probabilistic replacement (PR), a novel cache allocation policy. With aggressor threads information learned on-line, PR evicts the bad locality blocks of aggressor threads probabilistically while preserving good locality blocks of non-aggressor threads. PR is shown to be able to adapt to the different interleaving granularities in different sets over time. Its flexibility in tuning eviction probability also improves fairness among thread performance. Evaluation indicates that PR outperforms LRU, UCP, and ideal cache partitioning at moderate hardware cost. For single program cache management, this dissertation also proposes a novel technique: reuse distance last touch predictor (RD-LTP). RD-LTP is able to capture reuse distance information, which represents the intrinsic memory reference pattern. Based on this improved LT predictor, an MRU LT eviction policy is developed to select the right victim at the presence of incorrect LT prediction. In addition to LT predictor, another predictor: reuse distance predictors (RDPs) is proposed, which is able to predict actual reuse distance values. Compared to various existing cache management techniques, these two novel predictors deliver higher cache performance with higher prediction coverage and accuracy at moderate hardware cost.
Effects of Co-Varying Diel-Cycling Hypoxia and pH on Growth in the Juvenile Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica

Shallow water provides important habitat for many species, but also exposes these organisms to daily fluctuations in dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH caused by cycles in the balance between photosynthesis and respiration that can contribute to repeated, brief periods of hypoxia and low pH (caused by elevated pCO2). The amplitude of these cycles, and the severity and duration of hypoxia and hypercapnia that result, can be increased by eutrophication, and are predicted to worsen with climate change. We conducted laboratory experiments to test the effects of both diel-cycling and constant low DO and pH (elevated pCO2) on growth of the juvenile eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), an economically and ecologically important estuarine species. Severe diel-cycling hypoxia (to 0.5 mg O2 L-1) reduced shell growth in juvenile oysters, as did constant hypoxia (1.2 and 2.0 mg O2 L-1), although effects varied among experiments, oyster ages, and exposure durations. Diel-cycling pH reduced growth only in experiments in which calcite saturation state cycled to ≤0.10 and only during the initial weeks of these experiments. In other cases, cycling pH sometimes led to increased growth rates. Comparisons of treatment effects across multiple weeks of exposure, and during a longer post-experiment field deployment, indicated that juvenile oysters can acclimate to, and in some cases compensate for initial reductions in growth. As a result, some ecosystem services dependent on juvenile oyster growth rates may be preserved even under severe cycling hypoxia and pH.
OxyR and SoxRS Regulation offur

ABSTRACT The cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species are largely mediated by iron. Hydrogen peroxide reacts with iron to form the extremely reactive and damaging hydroxyl radical via the Fenton reaction. Superoxide anion accelerates this reaction because the dismutation of superoxide leads to increased levels of hydrogen peroxide and because superoxide elevates the intracellular concentration of iron by attacking iron-sulfur proteins. We found that regulators of the Escherichia coli responses to oxidative stress, OxyR and SoxRS, activate the expression of Fur, the global repressor of ferric ion uptake. A transcript encoding Fur was induced by hydrogen peroxide in a wild-type strain but not in a ΔoxyR strain, and DNase I footprinting assays showed that OxyR binds to the fur promoter. In cells treated with the superoxide-generating compound paraquat, we observed the induction of a longer transcript encompassing both fur and its immediate upstream gene fldA, which encodes a flavodoxin. This polycistronic mRNA is induced by paraquat in a wild-type strain but not in a ΔsoxRS strain, and SoxS was shown to bind to thefldA promoter. These results demonstrate that iron metabolism is coordinately regulated with the oxidative stress defenses.
Biometric face recognition using randomfaces

This paper investigates the use of the Compressive Sensing (CS) technique to the classification issue. In this context, CS is used as a means to probe the nonlinear manifold on which faces under various illumination effects reside. The scheme of randomly sampled faces (Randomfaces) with nearest neighbor classifier are compared with two classical feature extraction approaches, as Eigenfaces and Fisherfaces. It is shown that randomfaces outperform the eigenface approach in classifying faces under illumination disturbances and their performance approaches that of the Fisherfaces.
Assigning documents to master sites in distributed search

An appealing solution to scale Web search with the growth of the Internet is the use of distributed architectures. Distributed search engines rely on multiple sites deployed in distant regions across the world, where each site is specialized to serve queries issued by the users of its region. This paper investigates the problem of assigning each document to a master site. We show that by leveraging similarities between a document and the activity of the users, we can accurately detect which site is the most relevant to place a document. We conduct various experiments using two document assignment approaches, showing performance improvements of up to 20.8% over a baseline technique which assigns the documents to search sites based on their language.
DESCRIPTION OF ELECTRICALLY SMALL RESONANT ANTENNAS BY ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC DIPOLES

A new kind of fleld representation on the far fleld sphere is presented. This representation is based upon the polarisation states of the fleld. Polarisation states can easily be obtained upon determining the peculiar loci in the fleld. Depending on the polarisation state of the fleld, it is demonstrated that, either one of the magnetic or the electric dipole moments is dominant. Subsequently, criteria which may be applied to determine which dipole moment is responsible for the main radiation are derived. This characterization scheme which is a good flgure of merit for an antenna designer may be useful in mobile communications especially in identifying possible adverse efiects of RF flelds on human health. The approach is also helpful for EMC engineers seeking to characterize and identify radiation sources of equipment under test.
A Survey of Energy-Efficient Hierarchical Cluster-Based Routing in Wireless Sensor

----------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT--------------------------------------------------------------Recent technological advances in communications and computation have enabled the development of low-cost, low-power, small in size, and multifunctional sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network. Since the radio transmission and reception consumes a lot of energy, one of the important issues in wireless sensor network is the inherent limited battery power within network sensor nodes. Therefore, battery power is crucial parameter in the algorithm design to increase lifespan of nodes in the network. In addition to maximizing the lifespan of sensor nodes, it is preferable to distribute the energy dissipated throughout the wireless sensor network in order to maximize overall network performance. Much research has been done in recent years, investigating different aspects like, low power protocols, network establishments, routing protocol, and coverage problems of wireless sensor networks. There are various routing protocols like location-aided, multi-path, datacentric, mobility-based, QoS based, heterogeneity-based, hierarchical routing, hybrid routing, etc., in which optimal routing can be achieved in the context of energy. In this paper, the focus is mainly driven over the survey of the energy-efficient hierarchical cluster-based available routings for Wireless Sensor Network.
Fairy ring: Ubiquitous secure multiparty computation framework for smartphone applications

In this paper, we present a framework for secure multiparty computation on smartphones. Our framework provides protocols, which are constructed by additively homo-morphic encryption, to guarantee security against semi-honest adversaries without collusion. The protocols made using our framework follow a client-server model, thus users of our framework can easily and jointly execute these protocols as a service by accessing a server using their smartphones. Our framework provides four primitive protocols, and application protocols are constructed by using these primitive protocols. Consequently, our framework provides an environment that allows non-experts to easily use and develop smartphone applications of secure multiparty computation. To demonstrate the practicability of our framework, we implement and execute voting on 16 smartphones.
Spatial Synchrony in Population Dynamics

▪ Abstract Spatial synchrony refers to coincident changes in the abundance or other time-varying characteristics of geographically disjunct populations. This phenomenon has been documented in the dynamics of species representing a variety of taxa and ecological roles. Synchrony may arise from three primary mechanisms:(a) dispersal among populations, reducing the size of relatively large populations and increasing relatively small ones; (b) congruent dependence of population dynamics on a synchronous exogenous random factor such as temperature or rainfall, a phenomenon known as the “Moran effect”; and (c) trophic interactions with populations of other species that are themselves spatially synchronous or mobile. Identification of the causes of synchrony is often difficult. In addition to intraspecific synchrony, there are many examples of synchrony among populations of different species, the causes of which are similarly complex and difficult to identify. Furthermore, some populations may exhibit complex sp.
ENDOGENOUS CELL-BASED THERAPY USING CYCLOSPORINE A PROMOTES COGNITIVE RECOVERY IN A MOUSE MODEL OF STROKE

Post-stroke executive function (EF) deficits can severely impact the quality of life. Current treatments provide limited motor or cognitive recovery. Recently, an endogenous repair strategy using Cyclosporine A (CsA) promoted neural stem and progenitor cells [collectively termed neural precursor cells (NPCs)] migration to the infarct site, tissue regeneration and functional recovery following sensorimotor stroke. Herein, we tested the efficacy of CsA in improving EF deficits in a cognitive stroke model in mice. The medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC) stroke produced long-term EF impairments in the Puzzle Box Task. CsA treatment increased the size of the NPC pool at day 7 and promoted NPC migration to the infarct site at day 60 post-stroke. Early CsA administration was not neuroprotective and did not affect neural degeneration or lesion volume. Long-term CsA treatment improved post-stroke cognitive performance at 3 and 5 weeks. We suggest CsA is a promising therapeutic candidate for post-stroke
The immediate phase of c-kit ligand stimulation of mouse bone marrow- derived mast cells elicits rapid leukotriene C4 generation through posttranslational activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and 5- lipoxygenase

c-kit ligand (KL) activated mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) for the dose- and time-dependent release of arachidonic acid from cell membrane phospholipids, with generation of leukotriene (LT) C4 in preference to prostaglandin (PG)D2. KL at concentrations of 10 ng/ml elicited half-maximal eicosanoid generation and at concentrations of > 50 ng/ml elicited a maximal generation of approximately 15 ng LTC4 and 1 ng PGD2 per 10(6) cells, with 20% net beta-hexosaminidase release 10 min after stimulation. Of the other cytokines tested, none, either alone or in combination with KL, elicited or modulated the immediate phase of mediator release by BMMC, indicating strict specificity for KL. Activation of BMMC in response to KL was accompanied by transient phosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and reversible translocation of 5-lipoxygenase to a cell membrane fraction 2-5 min after stimulation, when the rate of arachidonic acid release and LTC4 production were maximal. BMMC continuously exposed to KL in the presence of IL-10 and IL-1 beta generated LTC4 in marked preference to PGD2 over the first 10 min followed by delayed generation of PGD2 with no LTC4 over several hours. Pharmacologic studies revealed that PGD2 generation in the immediate phase depended on prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (PGHS)-1 and in the delayed phase on PGHS-2. Thus, KL provided a nonallergic stimulus for biphasic eicosanoid generation by mast cells. The immediate phase is dominated by LTC4 generation with kinetics and postreceptor biosynthetic events similar to those observed after cell activation through the high affinity IgE receptor, whereas the delayed phase of slow and selective PGD2 production is mediated by induction of PGHS-2.
Association between treated and untreated obstructive sleep apnea and risk of hypertension.

CONTEXT Systemic hypertension is prevalent among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Short-term studies indicate that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy reduces blood pressure in patients with hypertension and OSA. OBJECTIVE To determine whether CPAP therapy is associated with a lower risk of incident hypertension. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A prospective cohort study of 1889 participants without hypertension who were referred to a sleep center in Zaragoza, Spain, for nocturnal polysomnography between January 1, 1994, and December 31, 2000. Incident hypertension was documented at annual follow-up visits up to January 1, 2011. Multivariable models adjusted for confounding factors, including change in body mass index from baseline to censored time, were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) of incident hypertension in participants without OSA (controls), with untreated OSA, and in those treated with CPAP therapy according to national guidelines. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Incidence of new-onset hypertension. RESULTS During 21,003 person-years of follow-up (median, 12.2 years), 705 cases (37.3%) of incident hypertension were observed. The crude incidence of hypertension per 100 person-years was 2.19 (95% CI, 1.71-2.67) in controls, 3.34 (95% CI, 2.85-3.82) in patients with OSA ineligible for CPAP therapy, 5.84 (95% CI, 4.82-6.86) in patients with OSA who declined CPAP therapy, 5.12 (95% CI, 3.76-6.47) in patients with OSA nonadherent to CPAP therapy, and 3.06 (95% CI, 2.70-3.41) in patients with OSA and treated with CPAP therapy. Compared with controls, the adjusted HRs for incident hypertension were greater among patients with OSA ineligible for CPAP therapy (1.33; 95% CI, 1.01-1.75), among those who declined CPAP therapy (1.96; 95% CI, 1.44-2.66), and among those nonadherent to CPAP therapy (1.78; 95% CI, 1.23-2.58), whereas the HR was lower in patients with OSA who were treated with CPAP therapy (0.71; 95% CI, 0.53-0.94). CONCLUSION Compared with participants without OSA, the presence of OSA was associated with increased adjusted risk of incident hypertension; however, treatment with CPAP therapy was associated with a lower risk of hypertension.
A diversity dilemma in evolutionary markets

Markets are useful mechanisms for performing resource allocation in fully decentralised computational and other systems, since they can possess a range of desirable properties, such as efficiency, decentralisation, robustness and scalability. In this paper we investigate the behaviour of co-evolving evolutionary market agents as adaptive offer generators for sellers in a multi-attribute posted-offer market. We demonstrate that the evolutionary approach enables sellers to automatically position themselves in market niches, created by heterogeneous buyers. We find that a trade-off exists for the evolutionary sellers between maintaining high population diversity to facilitate movement between niches and low diversity to exploit the current niche and maximise cumulative payoff. We characterise the trade-off from the perspective of the system as a whole, and subsequently from that of an individual seller. Our results highlight a decision on risk aversion for resource providers, but crucially we show that rational self-interested sellers would not adopt the behaviour likely to lead to the ideal result from the system point of view.
Z-sets and z-detections: circuit characteristics that simplify fault diagnosis

We define the concepts of z-sets and z-detections for combinational circuits (or the combinational logic of scan circuits). Based on these concepts we define structural characteristics and characteristics based on fault simulation. We show that these characteristics determine the numbers of fault pairs that are guaranteed to be distinguished by a given fault detection test set. These fault pairs do not need to be considered during diagnostic fault simulation or test generation. We demonstrate that benchmark circuits as well as industrial circuits have these characteristics to a larger extent than may be expected. As a result, only small percentages of fault pairs need to be considered during diagnostic fault simulation or test generation once a fault detection test set is available. In addition, these fault pairs can be identified efficiently.
Energy, matter, and entropy in evolutionary computation

This paper explores general concepts among the paradigms of computational intelligence, especially in evolutionary computation. From the viewpoint of adaptive complex systems, we generalize the characteristics of intelligence as complexity, evolution, sympathy, and adaptation, we also elaborate their corresponding meanings and approaches in artificial intelligence. Furthermore, we introduce the concept of dissipative system from thermodynamics to form three concepts for evolutionary computation: energy fluxion, matter information, and entropy variation. We briefly discuss the adaptive complexity emerging in the frustrated situation produced by the two converse forces approaching order and chaos respectively. Finally, we propose the concept of dissipative machine for natural evolutionary computation.
Smiling Measurement Based on ARM7 Microsystem Design

Smiling test aims at indirect detection of depression trend. This work focuses on construction of microsystem for smiling vs calm tests processing near infrared otopoint-signals. Db4 wavelet and multifractal analyses in tandem are introduced to improve the test validity. ARM7 microsystem features with touch LCD dialoging and embedded algorithms into interrupting service programs. Two nonlinear power laws were extracted in form of Pc = P&#945;s, &#945;1 mean = 1.0141 and &#945;2 mean = 1.0300, &#945; > 1 in validity of up 80%. It is easy to distinguish between healthy and depressive subjects in criterion of power laws &#945;1 or &#945;2 approaching 1.0000. And &#945;2 effect is better than &#945;1 for 5-subject in reason of more details mapping brain neurotransmitters and fractal synaptics.
Vertical Handoff Decision Algorithms for Providing Optimized Performance in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

There are currently a large variety of wireless access networks, including the emerging vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). A large variety of applications utilizing these networks will demand features such as real-time, high-availability, and even instantaneous high-bandwidth in some cases. Therefore, it is imperative for network service providers to make the best possible use of the combined resources of available heterogeneous networks (wireless area networks (WLANs), Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems, VANETs, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), etc.) for connection support. When connections need to migrate between heterogeneous networks for performance and high-availability reasons, seamless vertical handoff (VHO) is a necessary first step. In the near future, vehicular and other mobile applications will be expected to have seamless VHO between heterogeneous access networks. With regard to VHO performance, there is a critical need to develop algorithms for connection management and optimal resource allocation for seamless mobility. In this paper, we develop a VHO decision algorithm that enables a wireless access network to not only balance the overall load among all attachment points (e.g., base stations and access points) but also maximize the collective battery lifetime of mobile nodes (MNs). In addition, when ad hoc mode is applied to 3/4G wireless data networks, VANETs, and IEEE 802.11 WLANs for a more seamless integration of heterogeneous wireless networks, we devise a route-selection algorithm for forwarding data packets to the most appropriate attachment point to maximize collective battery lifetime and maintain load balancing. Results based on a detailed performance evaluation study are also presented here to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithms.