Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Categorization based on Document Structure

The web is a huge repository of information and there is a need for categorizing web documents to facilitate the indexing, search and retrieval of pages. Existing algorithms rely solely on the text content of the web pages for categorization. However, web documents have a lot of information contained in their structure, images, audio video etc present in them. In this paper, we propose a method for automatic categorization of web pages into a few broad categories based on the structure of the web document and the images present in it.
Wasserstein Propagation for Semi-Supervised Learning

Probability distributions and histograms are natural representations for product ratings, traffic measurements, and other data considered in many machine learning applications. Thus, this paper introduces a technique for graph-based semi-supervised learning of histograms, derived from the theory of optimal transportation. Our method has several properties making it suitable for this application; in particular, its behavior can be characterized by the moments and shapes of the histograms at the labeled nodes. In addition, it can be used for histograms on non-standard domains like circles, revealing a strategy for manifold-valued semi-supervised learning. We also extend this technique to related problems such as smoothing distributions on graph nodes.
Orientation estimation using visual and inertial sensors

This paper presents an orientation estimate scheme using monocular camera and inertial measurement units (IMUs). Unlike the traditional wearable orientation estimation methods, our proposed approach combines both of these two modalities in a novel pattern. Firstly, two visual correspondences between consecutive frames are selected that not only meet the requirement of descriptor similarity constraint, but satisfy the locality constraints, which is under the assumption that the correspondence will be taken as an inlier if their nearest-neighbor feature-point counterparts are within the predefined thresholds with respect to the objective feature-point counterpart. Secondly, these two selected correspondences from visual sensor and quaternions from inertial sensor are jointly employed to derive the initial body poses. Thirdly, a coarse-to-fine procedure proceeds in removing visual false matches and estimating body poses iteratively using Expectation Maximization (EM). Ultimately, the optimal orientation estimation is achieved. Experimental results validate that our proposed method is effective and well suited for wearable orientation estimate.
Auf dem Weg zu kultursensitiven Patienteninformationsmaterialien: Ergebnisse einer Fokusgruppenuntersuchung

Zusammenfassung Zielsetzung Die Studie war ein Teil einer größeren, randomisiert-kontrollierten Studie, in der die Effekte kultursensitiver Patienteninformationsmaterialien (PIM) im Vergleich mit übersetzten PIM evaluiert wurden. Die vorliegende Studie hatte zum Ziel, Daten zur Entwicklung von PIM zu unipolarer Depression für die 4 größten Gruppen von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund (türkischer, polnischer, russischer und italienischer Migrationshintergrund) in Deutschland zu gewinnen. Methode Im Rahmen einer qualitativen Studie wurde pro Migrantengruppe jeweils eine leitfadenbasierte Fokusgruppe (FG) mit insgesamt n=29 Teilnehmenden (n=9 mit türkischem (TüG), n=8 polnischem (PoG), n=5 russischem (RuG), n=7 italienischem (ItG) Migrationshintergrund) durchgeführt, aufgezeichnet, transkribiert und mittels eines qualitativ-inhaltsanalytischen Analysemodells ausgewertet. Ergebnisse Es konnten 7 Kategorien identifiziert werden. Über alle 4 FG wurde kulturübergreifend als wichtig die (1.) Gestaltung einer guten kultursensitiven PIM durch eine einfache Sprache, eine klare Struktur, einen überschaubareren Informationsumfang sowie die Vermeidung von Stereotypien erachtet. (2.) Informationsdefizite über das Gesundheitssystem zeigten sich v. a. bei der RuG und der PoG. Bezogen auf das (3.) Krankheitsbild der Depression wurden von der RuG Schwierigkeiten bzgl. des Erkennens und des Verstehens einer Depression beschrieben. In der PoG, der RuG und der TüG wurde die (4.) befürchteten Folgen der Erkrankung sowie der Inanspruchnahme professioneller Hilfe thematisiert. In den ItG, PoG und RuG wurden Angstgefühle aufgrund von Wissenslücken im Zusammenhang mit (5.) Psychopharmaka beschrieben. In der Kategorie (6.) Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung konnten kulturspezifische Besonderheiten für die RuG und die TüG und in der Kategorie (7.) migrations- und kulturspezifische Depressionsursachen für die RuG, die ItG und die TüG identifiziert werden. Schlussfolgerung Obwohl einige Kategorien kulturübergreifend für alle bzw. für die Mehrheit untersuchter Migrantengruppen eine Relevanz zeigten, waren bei einer Vielzahl von Kategorien kulturelle Spezifika erkennbar. Dies spricht für die Wichtigkeit einer kultursensitiven Anpassung von PIM.
Multi-wavelength study of the gravitational lens system RXS J1131-1231 III. Long slit spectroscopy: micro-lensing probes the QSO structure ⋆

Aims. We discuss and characterize micro-lensing among the 3 brightest lensed images (A-B-C) of the gravitational lens system RXS J1131-1231 (a quadruply imaged AGN) by means of long slit optical and NIR spectroscopy. Qualitative constraints on the size of different emission regions are derived. We also perform a spectroscopic study of two field galaxies located within 1.6 arcmin radiu s from the lens. Methods. We decompose the spectra into their individual emission components using a multi-component fitting approach. A complem entary decomposition of the spectra enables us to isolate the macro-lensed fraction of the spectra independently of any spectr al modelling. Results. 1. The data support micro-lensing de-amplification of image s A & C. Not only is the continuum emission microlensed in those images but also a fraction of the Broad Line emitting Region (BLR). 2. Micro-lensing of a very broad component of Mg II emission line suggests that the corresponding emission occurs in a region more compact than the other components of the emission line. 3. We find evidence that a large fraction of the Fe II emission arises in the outer parts of the BLR. We also find a ver y compact emitting region in the ranges 3080-3540 A and 4630-4800 A that is likely associated with Fe II. 4. The [O III] narrow emission line regions are partly spatially resolve d. This enables us to put a lower limit of∼ 110h −1 pc on their intrinsic size. 5. Analysis of Mg II absorption found in the spectra indicates that the absorbin g medium is intrinsic to the quasar, has a covering factor of 20%, and is constituted of small clouds homogeneously distributed in front of the continuum and BLRs. 6. Two neighbour galaxies are detected at redshifts z = 0.10 and z = 0.289. These galaxies are possible members of galaxy groups reported at those redshifts.
Cohere: A Prototype for Contested Collective Intelligence

This paper presents the rationale for treating Contested Collective Intelligence (CCI) as a significant and distinctive dimension of the broader Collective Intelligence design space for organizations. CCI is contrasted with other forms of CI, and building on research in sensemaking, and the modeling of dialogue and debate, we motivate a set of requirements for an ideal CCI platform. We then describe a social, semantic annotation tool called Cohere, which serves as our working prototype of the CCI concept, now being deployed in several communities.
Robust Parameter Estimation Framework of a Rainfall-Runoff Model Using Pareto Optimum and Minimax Regret Approach

This study developed a robust parameter set (ROPS) selection framework for a rainfall-runoff model that considers multi-events using the Pareto optimum and minimax regret approach (MRA). The calibrated parameter sets based on the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NSE) for two events were derived using a genetic algorithm. We generated 41 combinations for weighting values between two events for the multi-event objective function and derived 41 Pareto optimum points that were considered as the ROPS candidates. Then, two different approaches for parameter selection were proposed to determine the ROPS among the candidates: one uses NSE only and the other uses four performance measures (NSE, peak flow error, root mean square error and percentage of bias). In the NSE-only method, five events, including two events from the calibration set and three events from the evaluation set, were used, and the ROPS was selected based on the regrets of both the calibration and the evaluation sets. In the multiple (i.e., four) performance measure method, only three events from the evaluation set were used and the ROPS was determined based on the regrets of twelve different cases, including three events with four measures. As a result, while single- and multi-event optimizations produced satisfying results for the calibration events, the optimized parameters from the single-event calibration do not perform well for another event, even one with the same criteria, such as NSE. The results of this study suggest that the optimized parameter set from the well-weighted objective function can successfully simulate not only hydrographs in general but also others, such as peak flow. In addition, the ROPS can be selected by considering the multiple performance measures of multiple validation events, as well as the NSE only of multiple calibration and validation events. Note that the study provides a framework that could be performed reasonably well with a limited number of events. While the computational resources might not be a limiting factor these days, it is still valuable to have such a tool for several reasons: one could utilize it for an operational decision making support tool, as the full searches for an optimal set of parameters might not be performed in the operational facility. It could also be used in a situation where one has a limited number of good-quality observational data for some reason.
Exploring the occurrence of sudden gains among anxious youth receiving evidence‐based cognitive‐behavioral therapy

BACKGROUND There is limited information on the occurrence of 'sudden gains' - recognized improvements of substantial magnitude occurring between individual sessions of treatment. This study explores changes in anxiety across sessions of CBT for youth anxiety disorders to determine whether evidence exists for sudden gains in this population. METHOD A total of 133 anxious youth (Mage = 10.16 years; 55.6% male) were randomly assigned to receive 16 sessions of individual cognitive-behavioral therapy (ICBT), family-based CBT (FCBT), or a family-based educational support and attention control (FESA). At each treatment session, youth completed a measure of anxiety. Sudden gains were calculated from weekly state anxiety scores using methods consistent with previous research (i.e., Tang & DeRubeis, 1999). RESULTS Three participants experienced a sudden gain at any point during treatment; all experienced a reversal of the sudden gain, although one experienced a regain of the improvement that occurred during the sudden gain. CONCLUSIONS While sudden gains have been demonstrated in some studies, in a relatively new topic to the literature such as this, it should also be considered that many evidence-based treatments are actually intended to produce more steady/gradual gains - which may be particularly true for youth who are not as cognitively advanced as adults and who have much to learn about how psychopathology - and for this analysis, anxiety - operates.
Sentiment Mining for M Learning Systems

With the availability of high bandwidth through wireless, internet has become a valuable place for online learning, exchanging ideas, reviews for a product or service. Reviews in the internet play a very crucial role for selection of product or service. Reviews found in the internet could be in thousands for a particular group of products or services which makes it difficult to track and understand customer opinions. Opinion mining is an emerging area of research which summarizes the customer reviews of a product or service and express whether the opinions are positive or negative. In this paper it is proposed to investigate the classification accuracy of random forest data mining algorithm for opinion mining and in specific for M learning systems.
The anti-apoptotic effect of ghrelin in the renal tissue of chronic hypoxic rats

Introduction: Ghrelin is an endogenous peptide that has diverse functions in the body. One of the newly recognized roles of this peptide is its antiapoptotic effect. However, this function has not been investigated in normobaric hypoxia- induced apoptosis in body organs. This study will examine the effect of ghrelin treatment on Bax-Bcl-2 gene expression in the kidney of chronic hypoxic rats. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats in three experimental groups; normal, hypoxic+saline and hypoxic+ghrelin were used in this study. The expression level of Bax and Bcl -2 genes were measured by Real-Time PCR. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was also compared in three groups statistically. Results: Chronic hypoxia decreased the Bcl-2 gene expression (p<0.01), and increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (p<0.05). Ghrelin treatment decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio through upregulation of Bcl-2 gene (p<0.05).
A new moving object tracking method using particle filter and probability product kernel

Moving object tracking is a tricky job in computer vision problems. In this approach, the object tracking system relies on the deterministic search of target, whose color content matches a reference histogram model. A simple RGB histogram-based color model is used to develop our observation system. Secondly and finally, we describe a new approach for moving object tracking with particle filter by shape information. Particle filtering has been proven very successful for non-Gaussian and non-linear estimation problems. In this approach we combine between particle filter and the probability product kernels as a similarity measure using integral image to compute the histograms of all possible target regions of object tracking in video sequence. The shape similarity between a target and estimated regions in the video sequence is measured by their normalized histogram. Target of object tracking is created instantly by selecting an object from the video sequence by a rectangle. Experimental results have been presented to show the effectiveness of our proposed system.
Araştirma Makalesi / Research Article DESIGN OF UNIVERSAL CURRENT-MODE FILTER EMPLOYING CCCII+s

In this paper, a universal current-mode filter for simultaneously providing all the general responses such as low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, notch and all-pass responses, is proposed. The proposed biquad employs only two grounded capacitors and three identical plus-type current-controlled conveyors (CCCII+s) thus it can easily be realized in integrated circuit (IC) process. Nevertheless, it requires a resistive component matching condition for all-pass response. Also, signal limitation and stability problems in analog filters are discussed. Finally, simulation results with SPICE program are given to confirm the theory.
Region clustering with high level semantics for image segmentation

The task of image segmentation is to partition an image into disjoint and salient regions, which form meaningful objects. Traditional approaches mostly rely on similarities of low-level cues which can only identify objects with similar visual features. To get the entire complex objects, higher level information, such as co-occurrences of visual features and spatial information, is needed to overcome the semantic gap problem. However, the most attempts to integrate such semantics only use one of them or simple spatial relationships of image regions. In this paper, a region clustering method is proposed for image segmentation, in which co-occurring relationships are captured with LDA. And the quantitative spatial distances are incorporated in similarity graph construction for spectral clustering. Experiments showed that our algorithm with the introduced semantics achieved very good results on different kinds of images.
A Hybrid MOGA-CSP for Multi-UAV Mission Planning

Mission Planning Problem for a large number of Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV) consists of a set of locations to visit in different time windows, and the actions that the vehicle can perform based on its features such as the sensors, speed or fuel capacity. After formulating this problem as a Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP), we try to search the set of Non dominated solutions which minimize the fuel consumption and the makespan of the mission. To solve it, we will use a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA), that will match the model constraints and use a multi-objective function in order to optimize these objective variables.
Immunohistochemical and mutation analyses demonstrate that procollagen VII is processed to collagen VII through removal of the NC-2 domain

Collagen VII is the major structural constituent of anchoring fibrils in the skin. It is synthesized as a procollagen that is larger than the collagen deposited in the tissue. In this study, we investigated the conversion of procollagen VII to collagen VII in human skin and in cutaneous cells in vitro and identified the propeptide using domain- specific antibodies. For this purpose, two bacterial fusion proteins containing unique sequences of the carboxy-terminal globular NC-2 domain of procollagen VII were prepared, and polyclonal antibodies raised against them. Immunoblotting showed that the anti-NC2 antibodies reacted with procollagen VII isolated from cultured keratinocytes, but not with collagen VII extracted from the skin. Immunohistochemical experiments with the NC-2 antibodies revealed a strong reaction in cultured keratinocytes, but the basement membrane zone of normal skin remained negative. The staining could not be rendered positive by chemical or enzymatic unmasking of potential hidden epitopes in the skin, indicating that most of the NC-2 domain is absent from normal skin. In contrast, a positive staining with NC-2 antibodies was observed in the skin of a patient with NC-2 antibodies was observed in the skin of a patient with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, who carried a 14-bp deletion at one of the intro-exon junctions of the collagen VII gene. This aberration led to an in-frame skipping of exon 115 from the mRNA and eliminated 29 amino acids from the NC-2 domain which include the putative cleavage site for the physiological processing enzyme, procollagen C-proteinase. The results indicate that in normal human skin, the removal of the NC-2 domain from procollagen VII precedes its deposition at the dermal-epidermal junction. Furthermore, they suggest that an aberration in the procollagen VII cleavage interferes with the normal fibrillogenesis of the anchoring fibrils.
Implementing Indigenous and Western Knowledge Systems (Part 2): “You Have to Take a Backseat” and Abandon the Arrogance of Expertise

Despite innovative technological "solutions" to address ongoing water crises in Indigenous communities, significant disparities persist in Canada. Financial investment in infrastructure is necessary, but it is hardly sufficient to address the real problem: entrenched colonialism. One of the greatest challenges in decolonizing research is to prevent that research from reproducing the very categories it is seeking to critique and dismantle. We share findings from thematically-analyzed interviews with academic and community-based researchers who conducted water research with a stated intent to implement Western and Indigenous knowledge systems. Findings revealed that while there is co-learning, ontological and epistemological assumptions carried into these relationships often impede truly integrative practice. Respondents shared how they worked through these persistent barriers of a colonial system.
0 O ct 1 99 8 Raman scattering due to disorder-induced polaritons

The selection rules for dipole and Raman activity can be relaxed due to local distortion of a crystalline structure. In this situation a dipole-inactive mode can become simultaneously active in Raman scattering and in dipole interaction with the electromagnetic field. The later interaction results in disorder-induced polaritons, which could be observed in first-order Raman spectra. We calculate scattering cross-section in the case of a material with a diamond-like average structure, and show that there exist a strong possibility of observing the disorder induced polaritons. PACS numbers: 78.30-j, 63.50+x, 63.20-e.
Lifetime learning, biased technological change and the evolution of wages in the U.S. 1960 - 1990

Stylized facts derived from wage pattern analysis in the U.S. point to the importance of non-standard explanations for changes of relative wages. Learning while working is predicted to be able to account for wage divergence so far unexplained. Increases in productivity differ among individuals due to heterogeneity in learning capabilities which excludes a group of workers from training. This selectivity can explain relative wages changes within as well as between groups. Wage divergence within groups is an equilibrium property in the 1970s. It was not observed before since other relative wage neutral investments were more profitable. The introduction of new production processes at the beginning of the 1980s leads to either a limited but permanent or unlimited increase in relative wages between groups. The latter happens if labor is substituted for by human capital and physical capital. It is shown how to empirically distinguish between these explanations.
High-Redshift Extremely Red Objects in the Hubble Space Telescope Ultra Deep Field Revealed by the GOODS Infrared Array Camera Observations

Using early data from the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) on the Spitzer Space Telescope, taken for the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS), we identify and study objects that are well detected at 3.6 μm but are very faint (and in some cases, invisible) in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) ACS and NICMOS images and in very deep VLT Ks-band imaging. We select a sample of 17 objects with fν(3.6 μm)/fν(z850) > 20. The analysis of their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from 0.4 to 8.0 μm shows that the majority of these objects cannot be satisfactorily explained without a well-evolved stellar population. We find that most of them can be well fitted by a simple two-component model, where the primary component represents a massive, old population that dominates the strong IR emission, while the secondary component represents a low-amplitude, on-going star formation process that accounts for the weak optical fluxes. Their estimated photometric redshifts (zp) range from 1.6 to 2.9 with the median at zp = 2.4. For the simple star formation histories considered here, their corresponding stellar masses range from (0.1-1.6)×1011 M☉ for a Chabrier initial mass function (IMF). Their median rest-frame Ks-band absolute magnitude is -22.9 mag in the AB system, or 1.5 × L*(K) for present-day elliptical galaxies. In the scenario of pure luminosity evolution, such objects may be direct progenitors for at least 14%-51% of the local population of early type galaxies. Because of the small cosmic volume of the HUDF, however, this simple estimate could be affected by other effects, such as cosmic variance and the strong clustering of massive galaxies. A full analysis of the entire GOODS area is now under way to assess such effects.