Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct-to-Consumer Drug Advertisements Can Paradoxically Increase Intentions to Adopt Lifestyle Changes

Background: Direct-to-consumer (DTC) prescription drug advertisements are thought to induce “boomerang effects,” meaning they reduce the perceived effectiveness of a potential alternative option: non-pharmaceutical treatment via lifestyle change. Past research has observed such effects using artificially created, text-only advertisements that may not adequate capture the complex, conflicting portrayal of lifestyle change in real television advertisements. In other risk domains, individual “problem status” often moderates boomerang effects, such that subjects who currently engage in the risky behavior exhibit the strongest boomerang effects. Objectives: We aimed to assess whether priming with real DTC television advertisements elicited boomerang effects on perceptions of lifestyle change and whether these effects, if present, were moderated by individual problem status. Methods: We assembled a sample of real, previously aired DTC television advertisements in order to naturalistically capture the portrayal of lifestyle change in real advertisements. We randomized 819 adults in the United States recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk to view or not view an advertisement for a prescription drug. We further randomized subjects to judge either lifestyle change or drugs on three measures: general effectiveness, disease severity for a hypothetical patient, and personal intention to use the intervention if diagnosed with the target health condition. Results: Advertisement exposure induced a statistically significant, but weak, boomerang effect on general effectiveness (p = 0.01, partial R2 = 0.007) and did not affect disease severity score (p = 0.32, partial R2 = 0.0009). Advertisement exposure elicited a reverse boomerang effect of similar effect size on personal intentions, such that advertisement-exposed subjects reported comparatively higher intentions to use lifestyle change relative to drugs (p = 0.006, partial R2 = 0.008). Individual problem status did not significantly moderate these effects. Conclusion: In contrast to previous literature finding large boomerang effects using artificial advertisement stimuli, real television advertisements elicited only a weak boomerang effect on perceived effectiveness and elicited an unexpected reverse boomerang effect on personal intentions to use lifestyle change versus drugs. These findings may reflect real advertisements’ induction of descriptive norms and self-efficacy; future research could address such possibilities by systematically manipulating advertisement content.
Critical Discourse Analysis in Education

This article reviews critical discourse analysis scholarship in education research from 2004 to 2012. Our methodology was carried out in three stages. First, we searched educational databases. Second, we completed an analytic review template for each article and encoded these data into a digital spreadsheet to assess macro-trends in the field. Third, we developed schemata to interpret the complexity of research design. Our examination of 257 articles reveals trends in research questions, the theories researchers find useful, and the kinds of interactions that capture their attention. We explore areas in the field especially ripe for debate and critique: reflexivity, deconstructive–reconstructive stance toward inquiry, and social action. We compare the findings with an earlier review published in 2005, reflecting on three decades of critical discourse analysis in education research.
Extension of Negations Generated from T-norms on Bounded Lattices

In general, the task of extending functions is not simple. It is necessary, in most cases, to impose some properties to the function and their domain. As, in particular, t-norms, t-conorms and fuzzy negations are functions, it is pertinent to question under what conditions a t-norm (t-conorm and fuzzy negation) can be extended from a sublattice M to a lattice L. One of the first works that have presented a way to extend t-norms was published in 2008 by Saminger-Platz et. al [13]. In this direction but considering a more general framework for the concept of sublattice, Palmeira and Bedregal in [11] have presented a different way to extend t-norms, t-conorms and fuzzy negations that generalizes the extension proposed in [13]. In [11], given arbitrary bounded lattices M and L it said that M is a sublattice of L if it is a retract of L, i.e. if there are a retraction r : L −→ M and a pseudo-inverse s : M −→ L (see definition 1.3) such that r ◦ s = idM (see figure 1). In this paper it is applied the method of extending fuzzy operators proposed in [11, 12] to extend a particular class of fuzzy negations, namely the class of negations NT generated by a given t-norm T . In addition, we prove some results related to these extensions.
Atum: Scalable Group Communication Using Volatile Groups

This paper presents Atum, a group communication middleware for a large, dynamic, and hostile environment. At the heart of Atum lies the novel concept of volatile groups: small, dynamic groups of nodes, each executing a state machine replication protocol, organized in a flexible overlay. Using volatile groups, Atum scatters faulty nodes evenly among groups, and then masks each individual fault inside its group. To broadcast messages among volatile groups, Atum runs a gossip protocol across the overlay. We report on our synchronous and asynchronous (eventually synchronous) implementations of Atum, as well as on three representative applications that we build on top of it: A publish/subscribe platform, a file sharing service, and a data streaming system. We show that (a) Atum can grow at an exponential rate beyond 1000 nodes and disseminate messages in polylogarithmic time (conveying good scalability); (b) it smoothly copes with 18% of nodes churning every minute; and (c) it is impervious to arbitrary faults, suffering no performance decay despite 5.8% Byzantine nodes in a system of 850 nodes.
Four Mental Operations in Creative Cognition: The Importance of Abstraction

ABSTRACT In reviewing existing theories of creativity, 4 mental operations seem to account for creative cognition: application, analogy, combination, and abstraction. The defining characteristics and the resulting products of these 4 operations are discussed and broad implications for understanding cultural movements, such as surrealism and renaissance, and scientific revolutions, such relativity theory, are explored. These operations form an ordinal scale of innovation, but are not predictive of the impact or success of the creative product. The abstraction operation is stressed, having been relatively neglected in the literature on creative cognition. Careful distinction between these 4 operations may shed new light on the sudden-gradual and special–ordinary controversies that exist in the field. Further, the often-used insight problem methodology is insufficient for studying the full range of creative operations. Examples of a more adequate methodology are provided.
Localization of Lipid Raft Proteins to the Plasma Membrane Is a Major Function of the Phospholipid Transfer Protein Sec14

The Sec14 protein domain is a conserved tertiary structure that binds hydrophobic ligands. The Sec14 protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is essential with studies of S. cerevisiae Sec14 cellular function facilitated by a sole temperature sensitive allele, sec14ts. The sec14ts allele encodes a protein with a point mutation resulting in a single amino acid change, Sec14G266D. In this study results from a genome-wide genetic screen, and pharmacological data, provide evidence that the Sec14G266D protein is present at a reduced level compared to wild type Sec14 due to its being targeted to the proteosome. Increased expression of the sec14ts allele ameliorated growth arrest, but did not restore the defects in membrane accumulation or vesicular transport known to be defective in sec14ts cells. We determined that trafficking and localization of two well characterized lipid raft resident proteins, Pma1 and Fus-Mid-GFP, were aberrant in sec14ts cells. Localization of both lipid raft proteins was restored upon increased expression of the sec14ts allele. We suggest that a major function provided by Sec14 is trafficking and localization of lipid raft proteins.
138 Evaluation of Soil Amendments for Certified Organic Pepper Production

Introduction Based on the interest among organic farmers in Iowa for an unbiased analysis of the many natural soil amendment/fertilizer and compost products on the market for certified organic vegetable and herb crop production, several experiments have been conducted (Delate 1999). According to the USDA Economic Research Service, statistics on organic production in the U.S. lag far behind those complied for conventional agriculture. In the last USDA census in 1995, there were 4,050 organic farmers reporting 1.5 million acres of production (Greene 1999). The Organic Farming Research Foundation (1998) estimates that there were 10,000 U.S. organic farmers in 1998. In Iowa, 120,000 acres of organic production were reported to the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship (IDALS 1999). This figure reflects only acreage reported by those farmers who returned their survey; thus, more acres are believed to go unreported. This increase in organic acreage represents a doubling from the previous year, and a four-fold increase since 1993. The organic industry has been experiencing a 20% annual growth rate, with U.S. sales listed at $4.5 billion in 1998 (OTA 1998). The organic industry is a consumerdriven market based on consumers' belief that organic products are safer for human consumption and beneficial to the environment (Bourne 1999). Once the transition is complete, comparable yields to conventional systems can be obtained (NRC 1989). Organic price premiums average 57% over conventional prices (Bourne 1999), but premiums can range from 20 to 400%, depending on season and availability. Organic soybeans, for example, currently average a 250% premium price over conventional soybeans.
PDGF-induced PI3K-mediated signaling enhances the TGF-β-induced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in a TGF-β-activated MEK-dependent manner

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a critical regulator of osteogenic differentiation and the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a chemoattractant or mitogen of osteogenic mesenchymal cells. However, the combined effects of these regulators on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal cells remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of TGF-β and/or PDGF on the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The TGF-β-induced osteogenic differentiation of UE7T-13 cells, a bone marrow-derived hMSC line, was markedly enhanced by PDGF, although PDGF alone did not induce differentiation. TGF-β induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and PDGF induced Akt phosphorylation. In addition, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor, U0126, suppressed the osteogenic differentiation induced by TGF-β alone. Moreover, U0126 completely suppressed the osteogenic differentiation synergistically induced by TGF-β and PDGF, whereas the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, LY294002, only partially suppressed this effect. These results suggest that the enhancement of TGF-β-induced osteogenic differentiation by PDGF-induced PI3K/Akt-mediated signaling depends on TGF-β-induced MEK activity. Thus, PDGF positively modulates the TGF-β-induced osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs through synergistic crosstalk between MEK- and PI3K/Akt-mediated signaling.
Cross-Modal Learning - The Learning Methodology Inspired by Human's Intelligence 1

Human has an amazing cross-modal learning capability. In order to endow the computers with the same ability, we use a model based on the quotient space theory. In the quotient space model, representations at different modalities form a complete semi-order lattice and the translation from one modality to the others becomes easier. Therefore, it is suitable to be a mathematical model of cross-modal learning. Taking the video retrieval as an example, we show how to apply the cross-modal learning strategy to the field. The first problem of cross-modal learning in video retrieval is how to represent a video (content) so that the user expected videos can be found from a collection of videos precisely and entirely. A video can be represented by different modalities such as image, speech, text, etc. Each modality can be represented by several forms with different grain-sizes. Researches showed that, grain-size in the modality of image can bring compromise between precision and recall and multi-level feature may improve them both. But using only one modality to video retrieval is not enough. Speech and keyword are used as well. One of the strategies for cross-modal learning is to integrate information from different sense modalities. The second problem is how to integrate the results from different modalities. That is feature binding or information fusion problem. Multi-classifier technique will be discussed. We may consider each modality as a projection of the same object (video) and integrate information from the projections. Specifically, we propose the Probabilistic Model Supported Rank Aggregation (PMSRA) method to accomplish this integration. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that cross-modal learning can significantly improve the performances of machine learning and that the quotient space model is powerful for it.
Defining Equivalence Relations in sPBC ?

Petri Box Calculus (PBC) is an algebraic model for the description of concurrent systems and sPBC (stochastic Petri Box Calculus) is a Markovian extension of that model. In this paper we define several equivalence relations for regular terms of sPBC, with the final goal to obtain a congruence.
Hypoxia and interdemic variation in Poecilia latipinna

Variation in respiratory traits was quantified between two populations of the sailfin molly Poecilia latipinna (one from a periodically hypoxic salt marsh, Cedar Key, and one from a chronically normoxic river site, Santa Fe River). Two suites ofcharacters were selected: traits that may show both short-term acclimation response and interdemic variation in acclimation response (metabolic rate, critical oxygen tension and respiratory behaviour), and those that are not likely to respond to short-term acclimation but may vary among populations (gill morphometric characters). Sailfin mollies from the salt marsh, acclimated to hypoxia (1 mg l � 1 , c. 20 mmHg) for 6 weeks, spent less time conducting aquatic surface respiration and had lower gill ventilation rates than hypoxia-acclimated conspecifics from the well-oxygenated river site. Poecilia latipinna acclimated to hypoxia exhibited a lower critical oxygen tension (Pc )t han fi sh acclimated to normoxia; however, there was also a significant population effect. Poecilia latipinna from Cedar Key exhibited a lower Pc than fish from the Santa Fe River, regardless ofacclimation. Cedar Key f had a 14 % higher mean gill surface area relative to fish from the Santa Fe River, a character that could account, at least in part, for their greater tolerance to hypoxia. # 2004 The Fisheries Society ofthe British Isles
Relationship of Mammographic Density and Gene Expression: Analysis of Normal Breast Tissue Surrounding Breast Cancer

Purpose: Previous studies of breast tissue gene expression have shown that the extratumoral microenvironment has substantial variability across individuals, some of which can be attributed to epidemiologic factors. To evaluate how mammographic density and breast tissue composition relate to extratumoral microenvironment gene expression, we used data on 121 patients with breast cancer from the population-based Polish Women's Breast Cancer Study. Experimental Design: Breast cancer cases were classified on the basis of a previously reported, biologically defined extratumoral gene expression signature with two subtypes: an Active subtype, which is associated with high expression of genes related to fibrosis and wound response, and an Inactive subtype, which has high expression of cellular adhesion genes. Mammographic density of the contralateral breast was assessed using pretreatment mammograms and a quantitative, reliable computer-assisted thresholding method. Breast tissue composition was evaluated on the basis of digital image analysis of tissue sections. Results: The Inactive extratumoral subtype was associated with significantly higher percentage mammographic density (PD) and dense area (DA) in univariate analysis (PD: P = 0.001; DA: P = 0.049) and in multivariable analyses adjusted for age and body mass index (PD: P = 0.004; DA: P = 0.049). Inactive/higher mammographic density tissue was characterized by a significantly higher percentage of stroma and a significantly lower percentage of adipose tissue, with no significant change in epithelial content. Analysis of published gene expression signatures suggested that Inactive/higher mammographic density tissue expressed increased estrogen response and decreased TGF-β signaling. Conclusions: By linking novel molecular phenotypes with mammographic density, our results indicate that mammographic density reflects broad transcriptional changes, including changes in both epithelia- and stroma-derived signaling. Clin Cancer Res; 19(18); 4972–82. ©2013 AACR.
AREA-CONSTRAINED DESIGN OF DIFFERENTIAL INPUT STAGE FOR A TWO-STAGE COMPENSATED OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER

A new figure of merit under area constraints is proposed for designing optimum performance differential input stage of a two-stage compensated operational amplifier. Figure of Merit, FoM2 is defined that includes the three small signal performance parameters, namely input-referred noise, unitygain bandwidth and differential dc gain. Expressions for these parameters in terms of area assigned, have been derived analytically and finally the expression for FoM2. It is shown how these performance parameters vary with the relative allocation of the total available area between the input and load transistors. The FoM2 is a peaking function of relative area allocation to the input transistors in the range of 64 % to 84 % of the total available area. The peak value of FoM2 and the minimum noise platform are functions of total available area. The total band noise for a given area is almost constant. These analyses are useful in developing CAD tool for the automatic synthesis of optimal differential input stage circuit design of an operational amplifier under area constraints.
Vibrio diversity and dynamics in the Monterey Bay upwelling region

The Vibrionaceae (Vibrio) are a ubiquitous group of metabolically flexible marine bacteria that play important roles in biogeochemical cycling in the ocean. Despite this versatility, little is known about Vibrio diversity and abundances in upwelling regions. The seasonal dynamics of Vibrio populations was examined by analysis of 16S rRNA genes in Monterey Bay (MB), California from April 2006–April 2008 at two long term monitoring stations, C1 and M2. Vibrio phylotypes within MB were diverse, with subpopulations clustering with several different cultured representatives including Allivibrio spp. , Vibrio penaecida, and Vibrio splendidus as well as with many unidentified marine environmental bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences. Total Vibrio population abundances, as well as abundances of a Vibrio sp. subpopulation (MBAY Vib7) and an Allivibrio sp. subpopulation (MBAY Vib4) were examined in the context of environmental parameters from mooring station and CTD cast data. Total Vibrio populations showed some seasonal variability but greater variability was observed within the two subpopulations. MBAY Vib4 was negatively associated with MB upwelling indices and positively correlated with oceanic season conditions, when upwelling winds relax and warmer surface waters are present in MB. MBAY Vib7 was also negatively associated with upwelling indices and represented a deeper Vibrio sp. population. Correlation patterns suggest that larger oceanographic conditions affect the dynamics of the populations in MB, rather than specific environmental factors. This study is the first to target and describe the diversity and dynamics of these natural populations in MB and demonstrates that these populations shift seasonally within the region.
DFC: Towards Effective Feedback Flow Management for Datacenters

Quality of Service (QoS) is essential to data centers, which requires effective schemes to manage the flows among numerous servers. However, existing management techniques mainly focus on the QoS issues over Internet. This paper presents a Dynamic Feedback Control flow management model for data centers, called DFC, to achieve performance improvement and fault-tolerance. Based on the new model, mechanisms derived from feedback control are designed and evaluated. By observing system status of each server in the data center, DFC successfully applies a smart resources distribution policy and resiles when node breaks down. Preliminary experiments are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the model, based on both the NS2 simulation platform and a data center prototype. Evaluation results demonstrate that DFC can effectively improve data center's performance and guarantee a good reliability.
Interactive document summarisation.

This paper describes the Interactive Document Summariser (IDS), a dynamic document summarisation system, which can help users of digital libraries to access on-line documents more effectively. IDS provides dynamic control over summary characteristics, such as length and topic focus, so that changes made by the user are instantly reflected in an on-screen summary. A range of ‘summary-in-context’ views support seamless transitions between summaries and their source documents. IDS creates summaries by extracting keyphrases from a document with the Kea system, scoring sentences according to the keyphrases that they contain, and then extracting the highest scoring sentences. We report an evaluation of IDS summaries, in which human assessors identified suitable summary sentences in source documents, against which IDS summaries were judged. We found that IDS summaries were better than baseline summaries, and identify the characteristics of Kea keyphrases that lead to the best summaries.
The structure of H2O shells in Mira atmospheres: Correlation with disk brightness distributions and a spectrophotometric signature

Dynamic models of M-type Mira variables predict the occurrence of water “shells”, i.e. of zones of high H 2 O density and high H 2 O absorption inside the stellar atmosphere. The density, position and width of these shells is closely correlated with diﬀerent types of two-component shapes of the intensity distribution on the disk in the H , K and L near-continuum bandpasses. We investigate these correlations and highlight the role of a spectrophotometric H 2 O index that warns against serious complications in diameter measurements in the case of substantial water contamination of the bandpass of observation. Simultaneous spectrophotometric and interferometric measurements may allow observers to estimate real continuum diameters more precisely.
NAPSAC: High Noise, High Dimensional Robust Estimation - it's in the Bag

An umber of the most powerful robust estimation algorithms, such as RANSAC, MINPRAN and LMS ,h ave their basis in selecting random minimal sets of data to instantiate hypotheses. However, their performance degrades in higher dimensional spaces due to the exponentially decreasing probability of sampling a set that is composed entirely of inliers. In order to overcome this, rather than picking sets at random, a new strategy is proposed that alters the way samples are taken, under the assumption that inliers will tend to be closer to one another than outliers. Based on this premise, the NAPSAC (N Adjacent Points SAmple Consensus) algorithm is derived and its performance is shown to be superior to RANSAC in both high noise and high dimensional spaces.