Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Control layer resource management in SDN-IoT networks using multi-objective constraint

Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Internet of Things (IoT) integration has thrown many critical challenges. Specifically, in heterogeneous SDN-IoT ecosystem, optimized resources utilization and effective management at the control layer is very difficult. This mainly affects the application specific Quality of Service (QoS) and energy consumption of the IoT network. Motivated from this, we propose a new Resource Management (RM) method at the control layer, in distributed SDN-IoT networks. This paper starts with reasons that why at control layer RM is more complex in the SDN-IoT ecosystem. After-that, we highlight motivated examples that necessitate to investigate new RM methods in SDN-IoT context. Further, we propose a novel method to compute controller performance. Theoretical analysis is conducted to prove that the proposed method is better than the existing methods.
A NOVEL DATA ENCRYPTION TECHNIQUE BY GENETIC CROSSOVER OF ROBUST BIOMETRIC KEY AND SESSION BASED PASSWORD

In Fingerprint based Biometric authentication image of the fingerprint can be scanned and can be used later on for the purpose of authentication. So this process does not provide very high security. This paper proposes another level of security by using the concept of combined key. The key is obtained by crossing over of the Session key generated from the password given by the legitimate user and the Biometric key generated from the fingerprint of the same user. The proposed approach trained the system by Artificial Neural Network in such a way that a small portion of the fingerprint is enough to generate the Biometric key which minimizes the chance of false rejection. So in this approach there is a significant improvement of the traditional authentication techniques.
Always looking on the bright side of life? Exploring optimism and health in three UK post-industrial urban settings.

BACKGROUND Many theories have been proposed to explain the high levels of 'excess' mortality (i.e. higher mortality over and above that explained by differences in socio-economic circumstances) shown in Scotland-and, especially, in its largest city, Glasgow-compared with elsewhere in the UK. One such proposal relates to differences in optimism, given previously reported evidence of the health benefits of an optimistic outlook. METHODS A representative survey of Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester was undertaken in 2011. Optimism was measured by the Life Orientation Test (Revised) (LOT-R), and compared between the cities by means of multiple linear regression models, adjusting for any differences in sample characteristics. RESULTS Unadjusted analyses showed LOT-R scores to be similar in Glasgow and Liverpool (mean score (SD): 14.7 (4.0) for both), but lower in Manchester (13.9 (3.8)). This was consistent in analyses by age, gender and social class. Multiple regression confirmed the city results: compared with Glasgow, optimism was either similar (Liverpool: adjusted difference in mean score: -0.16 (95% CI -0.45 to 0.13)) or lower (Manchester: -0.85 (-1.14 to -0.56)). CONCLUSIONS The reasons for high levels of Scottish 'excess' mortality remain unclear. However, differences in psychological outlook such as optimism appear to be an unlikely explanation.
A Phenome-Based Functional Analysis of Transcription Factors in the Cereal Head Blight Fungus, Fusarium graminearum

Fusarium graminearum is an important plant pathogen that causes head blight of major cereal crops. The fungus produces mycotoxins that are harmful to animal and human. In this study, a systematic analysis of 17 phenotypes of the mutants in 657 Fusarium graminearum genes encoding putative transcription factors (TFs) resulted in a database of over 11,000 phenotypes (phenome). This database provides comprehensive insights into how this cereal pathogen of global significance regulates traits important for growth, development, stress response, pathogenesis, and toxin production and how transcriptional regulations of these traits are interconnected. In-depth analysis of TFs involved in sexual development revealed that mutations causing defects in perithecia development frequently affect multiple other phenotypes, and the TFs associated with sexual development tend to be highly conserved in the fungal kingdom. Besides providing many new insights into understanding the function of F. graminearum TFs, this mutant library and phenome will be a valuable resource for characterizing the gene expression network in this fungus and serve as a reference for studying how different fungi have evolved to control various cellular processes at the transcriptional level.
Post-Outburst Observations of V1647 Orionis: Detection of a Brief Warm Molecular Outflow

We present new observations of the fundamental rovibrational CO spectrum of V1647 Ori, the young star whose recent outburst illuminated McNeil's Nebula. Previous spectra, acquired during outburst in 2004 February and July, had shown the CO emission lines to be broad and centrally peaked, similar to the CO spectrum of a typical classical T Tauri star. In this Letter, we present CO spectra acquired shortly after the luminosity of the source returned to its pre-outburst level (2006 February) and roughly 1 year later (2006 December and 2007 February). The spectrum taken in 2006 February revealed blueshifted CO absorption lines superimposed on the previously observed CO emission lines. The projected velocity, column density, and temperature of this outflowing gas were 30 km s-1, 3 × 1018 cm-2, and 700 K, respectively. The absorption lines were not observed in the 2006 December and 2007 February data, and so their strengths must have decreased in the interim by a factor of 9 or more. We discuss three mechanisms that could give rise to this unusual outflow.
Lessons from Land Present and Past Signs of Ecological Decay and the Overture to Earth’s Sixth Mass Extinction

We are currently experiencing the sixth major extinction event in the world's history (Thomas et al. 2004). This event is more pervasive than the previous five and is overwhelmingly human-driven. Nevertheless, distinguishing between the proximate and ultimate causes of extinction is often difficult (Caughley 1994). Alongside these extinctions, we have recently witnessed a number of complex species interactions that have restructured entire ecosystems and contributed to the decline of biodiversity. These interactions often involve apex predators, suggesting that species of high trophic status play important roles in ecosystem function (Estes 1995; Terborgh et al. 1999). This putative role of predators as key players maintaining biodiversity, combined with their widespread decline (e.g., Laliberte and Ripple 2004), presents a situation with high stakes for the conservation of biodiversity. This volume addresses the question of how the removal of whales in various fisheries influenced the workings of modern oceans. Despite the recent and dramatic nature of these events, their consequences are both controversial and poorly documented. Here, we offer a comparative view of other systems in which food web reorganization has apparently followed anthropogenic disturbances to key vertebrates. Joining evidence from a series of observations in terrestrial ecosystems with coastal marine case studies (Jackson, Chapter 4 of this volume; Springer et al., Chapter 19 of this volume), we argue that prehistoric, historic, and present-day reductions in some vertebrate populations may have been initially triggered by human action. We will further argue that these reductions subsequently distorted ecological dynamics, leading to ecosystem simplification or decay. We first turn to deep history in an effort to examine terrestrial vertebrate extinctions in the late Pleistocene and Holocene; we discuss potential mechanisms and present day conservation implications of losing our Pleistocene fauna. We then discuss historic and contemporary examples of strong species interactions and ecosystem decay, starting on land and moving to coastal seas. Some of these interactions are associated with the overexploitation of key species; all are related to human impacts. An emerging synthesis that terrestrial biodiversity is often strongly influenced by species interactions of high trophic status and how human action can perturb such interactions—from 50,000 years ago to the present—offers a bold new view for marine environs. Within the coastal realm, the evidence is reasonably strong for both the importance of top-down forcing (Paine 1966, 2002) and the impacts of human overharvesting (Jackson et al. 2001; Hjermann et al. 2004). We suggest that, taken …
Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Controlling Coach Behaviors Scale in the sport context.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this research was to translate into Spanish and examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Controlling Coach Behaviors Scale (CCBS) in male soccer players. The CCBS is a questionnaire designed to assess athletes' perceptions of sports coaches' controlling interpersonal style from the perspective of the self-determination theory. METHOD Study 1 tested the factorial structure of the translated scale using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and provided evidence of discriminant validity. Studies 2 and 3 examined the invariance across time and across competitive level via multi-sample CFA. Reliability analyses were also conducted. RESULTS The CFA results revealed that a four-factor model was acceptable, indicating that a controlling interpersonal style is a multidimensional construct represented by four separate and related controlling coaching strategies. Further, results supported the invariance of the CCBS factor structure across time and competitive level and provided support for the internal consistency of the scale. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the CCBS demonstrated adequate internal consistency, as well as good factorial validity. The Spanish version of the CCBS represents a valid and reliable adaptation of the instrument, which can be confidently used to measure soccer players' perceptions of their coaches' controlling interpersonal style.
Diverse Cell Populations Involved in Regeneration of Renal Tubular Epithelium following Acute Kidney Injury

Renal tubular epithelium has the capacity to regenerate, repair, and reepithelialize in response to a variety of insults. Previous studies with several kidney injury models demonstrated that various growth factors, transcription factors, and extracellular matrices are involved in this process. Surviving tubular cells actively proliferate, migrate, and differentiate in the kidney regeneration process after injury, and some cells express putative stem cell markers or possess stem cell properties. Using fate mapping techniques, bone marrow-derived cells and endothelial progenitor cells have been shown to transdifferentiate into tubular components in vivo or ex vivo. Similarly, it has been demonstrated that, during tubular cell regeneration, several inflammatory cell populations migrate, assemble around tubular cells, and interact with tubular cells during the repair of tubular epithelium. In this review, we describe recent advances in understanding the regeneration mechanisms of renal tubules, particularly the characteristics of various cell populations contributing to tubular regeneration, and highlight the targets for the development of regenerative medicine for treating kidney diseases in humans.
Web Services for Stream Mining : A Stream-Based Active Learning Use Case

The nature of data on the Web is becoming more and more streamoriented and in this context, the idea of mining Web-generated data streams is becoming a hot topic. Web services, on the other hand, have become an inevitable tool for the future development of the Web. While Web services have been very successful in providing distributed computing environments, they have not been exploited for building and executing stream mining workflows. In this paper, we discuss a service-based environment suitable for stream mining and present a service-oriented stream mining workflow for sentiment classification through active learning. In the context of this use case, we present the general idea of active learning as well as an empirical evaluation of several active learning methods on a stream of opinionated Twitter posts.
HPWS and unethical pro-organizational behavior: a moderated mediation model

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of employees’ perceptions of high-performance work systems (HPWS) on unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB), and explores the mediating role of psychological ownership and the moderating role of moral identity. ,The hypotheses were tested by using two-wave survey data that were collected from 306 employees in Chinese enterprises. ,This study found that HPWS were positively related to UPB, and psychological ownership partially mediated this relationship. Results also revealed that moral identity negatively moderated the relationship between psychological ownership and UPB, and the indirect effect of HPWS on UPB via psychological ownership was weaker for employees high in moral identity. ,The generalizability of the findings is limited, and the cross-sectional data cannot draw any clear causal inference among variables. ,Managers should pay attention to the “dark side” of HPWS and incorporate ethics in the HPWS. Moreover, organizations should provide correct guidance for their pro-organizational behaviors to avoid employees doing bad things for good reasons. ,This study first extends HPWS research to employee’s UPB, uncovers employees’ psychological ownership toward organizations as the pivotal mechanism underlying this relationship, and indicated moral identity can regulate employees unethical behavior.
Conceptual Retrieval based on Feature Clustering of Documents

In the Web search, since users' queries usually consist of only a few words, it is hard to identify their information needs. To solve this problem, many approaches have tried to expand initial queries and to reweight the terms in the expanded queries using users' relevance judgments. Although relevance feedback is most effective when relevance information about retrieved documents is provided by users, it is not a fully automatic method. Another solution is to use correlated terms for query expansion. The main problem with this approach is how to construct the term-term correlations that can be used effectively to improve retrieval performance. In this study, we try to construct query concepts that denote users' information needs from a document space, rather than to reformulate initial queries using the term correlations and/or users' relevance feedback. To make query concepts, we extract features from each document, and cluster the features into primitive concepts that are used to form query concepts. Experiment is performed on a TREC collection.
Multilocus Analysis of Variation and Speciation in the Closely Related Species Arabidopsis halleri and A. lyrata

Nucleotide variation in eight effectively unlinked genes was surveyed in species-wide samples of the closely related outbreeding species Arabidopsis halleri and A. lyrata ssp. petraea and in three of these genes in A. lyrata ssp. lyrata and A. thaliana. Significant genetic differentiation was observed more frequently in A. l. petraea than in A. halleri. Average estimates of nucleotide variation were highest in A. l. petraea and lowest in A. l. lyrata, reflecting differences among species in effective population size. The low level of variation in A. l. lyrata is concordant with a bottleneck effect associated with its origin. The A. halleri/A. l. petraea speciation process was studied, considering the orthologous sequences of an outgroup species (A. thaliana). The high number of ancestral mutations relative to exclusive polymorphisms detected in A. halleri and A. l. petraea, the significant results of the multilocus Fay and Wu H tests, and haplotype sharing between the species indicate introgression subsequent to speciation. Average among-population variation in A. halleri and A. l. petraea was ∼1.5- and 3-fold higher than that in the inbreeder A. thaliana. The detected reduction of variation in A. thaliana is less than that expected from differences in mating system alone, and therefore from selective processes related to differences in the effective recombination rate, but could be explained by differences in population structure.
Psychometric and Evidentiary Approaches to Simulation Assessment in Packet Tracer Software

Packet Tracer is a comprehensive instructional software application for teaching skills and concepts associated with computer networking. In addition to a wide range of simulation, visualization, and micro-world authoring features to support student-centered Exploration, Explanation and Experimentation, Packet Tracer includes features for assessment task authoring with automated scoring and reporting. This paper provides a theoretical explanation for these features following the approach of Evidence Centered Design (ECD) and discusses implications for future extension. It is argued that the four process model for assessment delivery provides a number of valuable features that allow for conceptual and computational extension into improved simulation-based assessment, as well as gaming and tutoring.
Synchronous Activity Encodes Cocircular Contours S1 Supplemental Materials

Integration by Multiplication We also analyzed all of our data with the assumption that the hypothetical integrating cell multiplies the firing rates from outputs of our pairs of cells. The probability of synchronous spikes arising simply by chance is equal to the product of the individual cells' firing probabilities (i.e., see above). A multiplying integrator in effect detects the synchronous spikes that arise from chance. This thus constitutes an alternative view of integration, where neu-rons could still encode information using the firing rate despite very short time constants (acting as coincidence detectors; e.g., Softky and Koch 1993). The reason we chose to compare the sum of firing rates to synchrony rather than the product in the article is that the sum requires the integrating neuron to perform a completely different function than that required to detect synchrony. Nonetheless, we include the product metric in this section because even though both our synchrony measurements and the product metric provide the same integrator-coincidence detector test, it is important to distinguish whether synchrony is a passive reflectance of firing rates or an additional dimension that encodes stimulus information. Because the product metric also requires a coincidence detector, the data presented below would be combined with our synchrony data rather than representing an alternative framework. Therefore, it is important to examine their relative contributions, both in magnitude and signal-to-noise ratio, with respect to cocircularity. We will note the appropriate figures within the article to make such comparisons. Figure S1 should be compared with Figure 8 in the article. The magnitude of the product of the firing rates is presented as the rate of spikes that would synchronize within 10 ms of each other by chance. The product rate would effectively scale with changes in the size of the temporal window (e.g., 1 ms window would have 1/10 th of the average firing rate) because the peak of the product predictor is relatively broad (e.g., see Aertsen et al. 1989). Figures S1A and S1B correspond to Figures 8A and 8D. Qualitatively, the results are very similar—i.e., multiplication does not differ from summation with respect to the average statistics for our sample. However, multiplication does appear to increase the signal-to-noise ratio, which is expected. An analogy would be squaring the tuning curve, which would sharpen the tuning curve, but would not change the general shape. Therefore, even if we assume that the firing rate carries the …
Does Submillisecond Pulsar XTE J1739−285 Contain a Weak Magnetic Neutron Star or Quark Star?

The possible detection of the fastest spinning nuclear‐powered pulsar XTE J1739−285, of frequency 1122 Hz (0.8913 ms), arouses us to constrain the mass and radius of its central compact object and to infer the stellar matter composition: neutrons or quarks. Spun up by the accreting materials to such a high rotating speed, the compact star should have either a small radius or short innermost stable circular orbit. By the empirical relation between the upper kilohertz quasi‐periodic oscillation frequency and star spin frequency, a strong constraint on mass and radius is obtained of 1.51 M⊙ and 10.9 km, respectively, which excludes most equations of state (EOSs) of normal neutrons and strongly hints the star promisingly to be a strange quark star. Furthermore, the star magnetic field is estimated to be about 4 × 107 G<B<109 G, which reconciles with those of millisecond radio pulsars, revealing the clues of the evolution linkage of two types of astrophysical objects.
A Multi-Tiered Storage Structure for Cloud Computing

During recent decades, cloud-based shared storage has become a popular storage solution. Nevertheless, current cloud-based I/O subsystem assumes that the storage devices are homogeneous. Recently, the multi-tiered storage system extends the storage hierarchy by using SSDs to cache data from the hard disks has received significant attention. Thus, in this paper, we design an I/O framework for multi-tiered storages in multi-tenant cloud-based shared storage environments. Specifically, we propose a two-tier per-user queuing structure to solve the user interference and device interference problem. Furthermore, on the basis of the credit-based request scheduling algorithm, we introduce the concept of device credits, instead user credits in previous schemes, to proper charge users in different types of storage devices. The experimental results show our proposed framework is effective in realizing the multi-tiered-based shared storage systems in cloud computing environments.
Genetic manipulation of lignin reduces recalcitrance and improves ethanol production from switchgrass

Switchgrass is a leading dedicated bioenergy feedstock in the United States because it is a native, high-yielding, perennial prairie grass with a broad cultivation range and low agronomic input requirements. Biomass conversion research has developed processes for production of ethanol and other biofuels, but they remain costly primarily because of the intrinsic recalcitrance of biomass. We show here that genetic modification of switchgrass can produce phenotypically normal plants that have reduced thermal-chemical (≤180 °C), enzymatic, and microbial recalcitrance. Down-regulation of the switchgrass caffeic acid O-methyltransferase gene decreases lignin content modestly, reduces the syringyl:guaiacyl lignin monomer ratio, improves forage quality, and, most importantly, increases the ethanol yield by up to 38% using conventional biomass fermentation processes. The down-regulated lines require less severe pretreatment and 300–400% lower cellulase dosages for equivalent product yields using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation with yeast. Furthermore, fermentation of diluted acid-pretreated transgenic switchgrass using Clostridium thermocellum with no added enzymes showed better product yields than obtained with unmodified switchgrass. Therefore, this apparent reduction in the recalcitrance of transgenic switchgrass has the potential to lower processing costs for biomass fermentation-derived fuels and chemicals significantly. Alternatively, such modified transgenic switchgrass lines should yield significantly more fermentation chemicals per hectare under identical process conditions.