Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The strength of a female mate preference increases with predation risk

When females search for mates and their perceived risk of predation increases, they less often express preferences for males that use conspicuous courtship signals, relaxing sexual selection on production of these signals. Here, we report an apparent exception to this general pattern. Courting male fiddler crabs Uca beebei sometimes build pillars of mud at the openings to their burrows in which crabs mate. Females visit several males before they choose a mate by staying and breeding in their burrows, and they preferentially visit males with pillars. Previous studies suggested that this preference is based on a visual orientation behaviour that may reduce females' risk of predation while searching for a mate. We tested this idea by determining whether the female preference for males with pillars increases with perceived predation risk. We attracted avian predators to where crabs were courting and measured the rates that sexually receptive females visited courting males with and without mud pillars. Under elevated risk, females continued to search for mates and they showed a stronger relative preference for males with pillars. Thus, when predation risk is high, females may continue to express preferences that are under natural selection because they help females avoid predation, strengthening sexual selection for use of the preferred signal.
Automatic Partitioning of Database Applications

Database-backed applications are nearly ubiquitous in our daily lives. Applications that make many small accesses to the database create two challenges for developers: increased latency and wasted resources from numerous network round trips. A well-known technique to improve transactional database application performance is to convert part of the application into stored procedures that are executed on the database server. Unfortunately, this conversion is often difficult. In this paper we describe Pyxis, a system that takes database-backed applications and automatically partitions their code into two pieces, one of which is executed on the application server and the other on the database server. Pyxis profiles the application and server loads, statically analyzes the code's dependencies, and produces a partitioning that minimizes the number of control transfers as well as the amount of data sent during each transfer. Our experiments using TPC-C and TPC-W show that Pyxis is able to generate partitions with up to 3x reduction in latency and 1.7x improvement in throughput when compared to a traditional non-partitioned implementation and has comparable performance to that of a custom stored procedure implementation.
Fast and Complete Symbolic Plan Recognition

Recent applications of plan recognition face several open challenges: (i) matching observations to the plan library is costly, especially with complex multi-featured observations; (ii) computing recognition hypotheses is expensive. We present techniques for addressing these challenges. First, we show a novel application of machine-learning decision-tree to efficiently map multi-featured observations to matching plan steps. Second, we provide efficient lazy-commitment recognition algorithms that avoid enumerating hypotheses with every observation, instead only carrying out bookkeeping incrementally. The algorithms answer queries as to the current state of the agent, as well as its history of selected states. We provide empirical results demonstrating their efficiency and capabilities.
Maintenance of increased Bcl-2 expression in uterine leiomyomas after GnRH agonist therapy.

OBJECTIVE To compare the immunohistochemical expression of Bcl-2 in uterine leiomyomas in patients undergoing myomectomy or hysterectomy with and without preoperative treatment with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor agonist (GnRH-a) leuprolide acetate (LA). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case-control study. Seventeen patients with symptomatic uterine leiomyomata were included. Of the 17 patients, 7 were treated with LA (3.75 mg) in three monthly doses prior to myomectomy or hysterectomy. Ten patients who did not receive LA and underwent hysterectomy for leiomyomas served as controls. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissue from 17 leiomyomas were immunostained with a monoclonal antibody against Bcl-2 protein. Positivity was scored semiquantitatively on a three-tier scale. RESULTS Immunostaining for Bcl-2 protein was intense (2-3+) in 7 LA-treated and 10 untreated leiomyomas but was scarce (0-1+) in normal myometrial smooth muscle. CONCLUSION Abundant expression of Bcl-2 protein may be responsible for the growth of leiomyomas by preventing apoptotic cell death. Its increased expression is maintained in GnRH-a-treated leiomyomas.
Input-output finite-time stability and stabilization of stochastic fuzzy systems with randomly occurring uncertainties and gain fluctuations

This paper studies the input-output finite-time stabilization problem of a class of fuzzy stochastic systems with randomly occurring uncertainties and (x, u)-dependent noises. By considering the randomly occurring gain fluctuations in controller gains, a fuzzy controller is designed to render the closed-loop system input-output finite-time stochastic stability with respect to some specified parameters. Through intensive stochastic analysis, a sufficient condition is established for the controller design via a convex optimization approach. A numerical example is exploited to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method.
Which concurrent error detection scheme to choose ?

Concurrent error detection (CED) techniques (based on hardware duplication, parity codes, etc.) are widely used to enhance system dependability. All CED techniques introduce some form of redundancy. Redundant systems we subject to common-mode failures (CMFs). While most of the studies of CED techniques focus on area overhead, few analyze the CMF vulnerability of these techniques. In this paper, we present simulation results to quantitatively compare various CED schemes based on their area overhead and the protection (data integrity) they provide against multiple failures and CMFs. Our results indicate that, for the simulated combinational logic circuits, although diverse duplex systems (with two different implementations of the same logic function) sometimes have marginally higher area overhead, they provide significant protection against multiple failures and CMFs compared to other CED techniques like parity prediction.
When TCP Breaks: Delay- and Disruption- Tolerant Networking

The authors give an overview of current work on delay- and disruption-tolerant networking and review the overall architecture proposed by the Internet Research Task Force's Delay Tolerant Networking Research Group. Their approach to networking makes no assumption that nodes will have end-to-end connectivity, which could be missing with extremely high-latency connections, if the nodes are only in contact with one another infrequently or if contacts are being continually disrupted. They also describe the main protocols the group is developing and give examples of some pilot networks that use these protocols
Will the Norwegian Lemming Become Endangered If Climate Becomes Warmer

The Norwegian lemming, Lemmus lemmus (L.), the only endemic vertebrate species in Fennoscandia, normally lives in alpine tundra habitats. During population peaks wandering lemmings may settle in forests, but they do riot persist there. Lemmings are adapted to winter conditions, so for them summer conditions appear more critical than winter. At Kilpisjarvi, Finnish Lapland, fluctuations of five microtines have been monitored since 1946. In the 1980s, lemmings have been less abundant than previously. Results of annual trapping in June/July since 1960 are presented. Lemmings may reproduce at any season and commonly do so under snow. Mosses form the principal food item most of the time in all habitats and seasons. The proportion of mosses in diet diminishes toward the end of the breeding season; when their amount increases, reproduction begins. Since mosses grow in arctic areas during winter, lemmings have fresh food available all the year. In Fennoscandia the coldest environments are not in the northernmost .
Designing Interventions that Last: A Classification of Environmental Behaviors in Relation to the Activities, Costs, and Effort Involved for Adoption and Maintenance

Policy makers draw on behavioral research to design interventions that promote the voluntary adoption of environmental behavior in societies. Many environmental behaviors will only be effective if they are maintained over the long-term. In the context of climate change and concerns about future water security, behaviors that involve reducing energy consumption and improving water quality must be continued indefinitely to mitigate global warming and preserve scarce resources. Previous reviews of environmental behavior have focused exclusively on factors related to adoption. This review investigates the factors that influence both adoption and maintenance, and presents a classification of environmental behaviors in terms of the activities, costs, and effort required for both adoption and maintenance. Three categories of behavior are suggested. One-off behaviors involve performing an activity once, such as purchasing an energy efficient washing machine, or signing a petition. Continuous behaviors involve the performance of the same set of behaviors for adoption and for maintenance, such as curbside recycling. Dynamic behaviors involve the performance of different behaviors for adoption and maintenance, such as revegetation. Behaviors can also be classified into four categories related to cost and effort: those that involve little cost and effort for adoption and maintenance, those that involve moderate cost and effort for adoption and maintenance, those that involve a high cost or effort for adoption and less for maintenance, and those that involve less cost or effort for adoption and a higher amount for maintenance. In order to design interventions that last, policy makers should consider the factors that influence the maintenance as well as the adoption of environmental behaviors.
Optimising data movement rates for parallel processing applications on graphics processors

Graphics processing units(GPUs) are starting to play an increasingly important role in non-graphical applications which are highly parallelisable. With the latest graphics cards boasting a theoretical 165GFlops and 54GB/s memory bandwidth spread across 48 ALUs it is easy to see why. The GPU architecture is particularly suited to the parallel stream processing paradigm of low levels of data dependency, high data to instruction ratio and predictable memory access patterns. One largely ignored, yet key, bottleneck for this type of processing on GPUs is both download and readback transfer performance to and from the graphics card. Existing tools provide great developer assistance in many areas of GPU application development, though provide very limited assistance in gaining the best bi-directional data transfer performance. In this paper, we discuss these limitations and present new investigative tools which allow general purpose processing GPU developers to explore the complex array of configuration states which affect both the download and readback performance.
Retinal Biometrics based Authentication and Key Exchange System

The growth and development of the Internet in the recent years has been very significant. But, the security and authentication is still a challenging problem. The security and authentication of the users in the Wireless LANs is also a serious issue. Hence, the security of the network users has become a vital factor. There are various techniques available in the literature which make use of passwords, smart cards etc., to provide network related security. But these conventional authentication systems have lot of limitations. Most recently biometric features like fingerprint and iris are also used to provide security to the network users. These biometric features are very reliable compared to the traditional methods. This paper proposes an approach for network security using a novel technique for personal authentication, where the biometric feature used for authentication is the retinal vessel tree. The configuration of the retinal vessels is unique for each individual and that it does not vary forever, so it can be used for the authentication purpose. The diverse phases included in this proposed approach are user registration, Extraction of retinal features, Retina Normalization and building secret key. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated using the experimental observation. The simplicity and efficiency of the proposed method make it readily to be applied alone or incorporated with other existing security methods.
Microbial-based evaluation of anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) for the sustainable and efficient treatment of municipal wastewater

Microbial-based evaluation of anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) for the sustainable and efficient treatment of municipal wastewater Moustapha Harb Conventional activated sludge-based wastewater treatment is an energy and resourceintensive process. Historically it has been successful at producing safely treated wastewater effluents in the developed world, specifically in places that have the infrastructure and space to support its operation. However, with a growing need for safe and efficient wastewater treatment across the world in both urban and rural settings, a paradigm shift in waste treatment is proving to be necessary. The sustainability of the future of wastewater treatment, in a significant way, hinges on moving towards energy neutrality and wastewater effluent reuse. This potential for reuse is threatened by the recent emergence and study of contaminants that have not been previously taken into consideration, such as antibiotics and other organic micropollutants (OMPs), antibiotic resistance genes, and persistent pathogenic bacteria. This dissertation focuses on investigating the use of anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) technology for the sustainable treatment of municipal-type wastewaters. Specifically, a microbial approach to understanding biofouling and methane recovery potential in anaerobic MBR systems has been employed to assess different reactor systems’ efficiency. This dissertation further compares AnMBRs to their more widely used aerobic counterparts. This comparison specifically focuses on the removal and
Lexicalized Stochastic Modeling of Constraint-Based Grammars using Log-Linear Measures and EM Training

We present a new approach to stochastic modeling of constraint-based grammars that is based on loglinear models and uses EM for estimation from unannotated data. The techniques are applied to an LFG grammar for German. Evaluation on an exact match task yields 86% precision for an ambiguity rate of 5.4, and 90% precision on a subcat frame match for an ambiguity rate of 25. Experimental comparison to training from a parsebank shows a 10% gain from EM training. Also, a new class-based grammar lexicalization is presented, showing a 10% gain over unlexicalized models.
A Unique Subset of Self-specific Intraintestinal T Cells Maintains Gut Integrity

Lymphocytes residing in the intestinal epithelium are exclusively T cells and account for one of the largest collection of T cells in the organism. However, their function remains obscure. We and others have shown that the development of intestinal intraepithelial T cells is compromised in mutant mice prone to chronic intestinal inflammation. These results led us to directly assess their role in regulating the development of colitis secondary to transfer of primary splenic TCRαβ+CD4+CD45RBhi T cells into severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Here we demonstrate that prior reconstitution of SCID recipients with intraintestinal TCRαβ+CD4−CD8α+β− T cells prevents disease, and does so in an interleukin (IL)-10–dependent fashion. In contrast, reconstitution with either TCRγδ+ or TCRαβ+CD4− CD8α+β+ intestinal T cells did not prevent colitis. TCRαβ+CD4−8α+β− T cells are unique to the intestinal epithelium of both rodents and humans. Previous repertoire analyses of TCRαβ+CD4−CD8α+β− T cells revealed a high proportion of cells expressing high affinity, self-specific TCR within this subset. We demonstrate that monoclonal, self specific TCRαβ+CD4−CD8α+β− cells derived from TCR transgenic mice also prevent the onset of colitis. Thus, intestinal TCRαβ+CD4−CD8α+β− T cells, selected based on their self-reactivity, maintain gut integrity in a IL-10–dependent fashion.
Experimental evolution of an RNA virus in Caenorhabditis elegans

The discovery of Orsay virus (OrV), the first virus infecting wild populations of Caenorhabditis elegans, has boosted studies of viral immunity pathways in this nematode. Considering the many advantages that C. elegans offers for fundamental research in host-pathogen interactions, this pathosystem has high potential to become a model system for experimental virus evolution studies. However, the evolutionary constraints operating in this pathosystem have barely been explored. Here we describe for the first time an evolution experiment of two different OrV strains in C. elegans. After 10 serial passages of evolution, we report slight changes in infectivity and non-synonymous mutations fixed in the evolved viral populations. In addition, we observed numerous minor variants emerging in the viral population. These minor variants were not randomly distributed along the genome but concentrated in polymorphic genomic regions. Overall, our work established the grounds for future experimental virus evolution studies using Caenorhabditis nematodes. HIGHLIGHTS Caenorhabditis elegans-Orsay virus is a convenient pathosystem to study virus evolution. The approach used to test the viral strains may interfere with the infection phenotypes observed. There may be specific genomic hotspots regions of nucleotide diversity important for the evolution of Orsay virus. The substitution rate observed for Orsay virus was low, suggesting that the two strains studied might be already well adapted to laboratory conditions.
A tool to visualize behavior and design evolution

Large software systems are usually developed through a long time of evolution. The capability to retrieve and visualize the evolution history of the architecture and individual components, and also trace them back to the evolution of functional requirements will significantly help people to understand the system and reduce the cost for the maintenance. This paper demonstrates the functions of capturing, visualizing and propagating the software evolution of a behavior-oriented collaborative environment called "Integrare".
Disaggregated Individual Patient Data Aneurysms: Systematic Review of Flow Diversion of Posterior Circulation

BACKGROUND: Experience with endoluminal ﬂ ow diversion for the treatment of posterior circulation aneurysms is limited. PURPOSE: We sought to investigate factors associated with the safety and ef ﬁ cacy of this treatment by collecting disaggregated patient-level data from the literature. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, EMBASE, and Ovid were searched up through 2019 for articles reporting ﬂ ow diversion of posterior circulation aneurysms. STUDY SELECTION: Eighty-four studies reported disaggregated data for 301 separate posterior circulation aneurysms. DATA ANALYSIS: Patient, aneurysm, and treatment factors were collected for each patient. Outcomes included the occurrence of major complications, angiographic occlusion, and functional outcomes based on the mRS. DATA SYNTHESIS: Signi ﬁ cant differences in aneurysm and treatment characteristics were seen among different locations. Major complications occurred in 22%, angiographic occlusion was reported in 65% (11.3 months of mean follow-up), and good functional outcomes (mRS 0 – 2) were achieved in 67% (13.3months of mean follow-up). Multivariate analysis identi ﬁ ed age, number of ﬂ ow diverters used, size, and prior treatment to be associated with outcome measures. Meta-analysis combining the current study with prior large nondisaggregated series of posterior circulation aneurysms treated with ﬂ ow diversion found a pooled incidence of 20% ( n ¼ 712 patients) major complications and 75% ( n ¼ 581 patients) angiographic occlusions. LIMITATIONS: This study design is susceptible to publication bias. Use of antiplatelet therapy was not uniformly reported. CONCLUSIONS: Endoluminal ﬂ ow diversion is an important tool in the treatment of
A NTHONY H. D OOLEY Transferring L

© Annales de l’institut Fourier, 1986, tous droits réservés. L’accès aux archives de la revue « Annales de l’institut Fourier » (http://annalif.ujf-grenoble.fr/) implique l’accord avec les conditions générales d’utilisation (http://www.numdam.org/conditions). Toute utilisation commerciale ou impression systématique est constitutive d’une infraction pénale. Toute copie ou impression de ce fichier doit contenir la présente mention de copyright.
A ∞ CONDITION FOR GENERAL BASES REVISITED: COMPLETE CLASSIFICATION OF DEFINITIONS

We refer to the discussion on diﬀerent characterizations of the A ∞ class of weights, initiated by Duoandikoetxea, Mart´ın-Reyes, and Ombrosi [Math. Z. 282 (2016), pp. 955–972]. Twelve deﬁnitions of the A ∞ condition are considered. For cubes in R d every two conditions are known to be equivalent, while for general bases we have a trichotomy: equivalence, one-way implication, or no dependency may occur. In most cases the relations between diﬀerent conditions have already been established. Here all the unsolved cases are treated and, as a result, a full diagram of the said relations is presented.
Prolongement de faisceaux analytiques cohérents

© Annales de l’institut Fourier, 1966, tous droits réservés. L’accès aux archives de la revue « Annales de l’institut Fourier » (http://annalif.ujf-grenoble.fr/) implique l’accord avec les conditions générales d’utilisation (http://www.numdam.org/conditions). Toute utilisation commerciale ou impression systématique est constitutive d’une infraction pénale. Toute copie ou impression de ce fichier doit contenir la présente mention de copyright.
Numerical near field optimization of a non-uniform sub-band filter-and-sum beamformer

A novel near field filter-and-sum beamformer using non uniform frequency sub-bands is presented. The concept is based on numerical optimization of the reception characteristic of the microphone array. In order to improve the reception characteristic over frequency and space, a non uniform filterbank is utilized to subdivide the frequency range. Individual optimization processes for each sub-band result in a clearly improved reception characteristic. The new system is able to closely approximate a target (independently of the frequency) which can be defined according to the application.
The Central Arizona Conservation Alliance Programs: Use of Social Media and App-Supported Community Science for Landscape-Scale Habitat Restoration, Governance Support, and Community Resilience-Building

Land managers are currently faced with a nexus of challenges, both ecological and social, when trying to govern natural open spaces. While social media has led to many challenges for effective land management and governance, the technology has the potential to support key activities related to habitat restoration, awareness-raising for policy changes, and increased community resilience as the impacts of increased use and climate change become more apparent. Through the use of a case study examining the work of the Central Arizona Conservation Alliance’s social media ambassadorship and its app-supported community science projects, we examine the potential and realized positive impact that technology such as social media and smartphone apps can create for land managers and surrounding communities.