Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AN INFORMATION GEOMETRY JUSTIFICATION OF THE RELATIVELY INVARIANT PRIOR

Given a random sample from a distribution with density function that depends on an unknown parameter, we consider its Bayes estimate using as a loss function an element of the class of α-divergences. When the parametric family is one dimensional it can be suitably parameterized by an α-affine parameter. We show that the maximum likelihood estimator of the α-affine parameter, adjusted for its bias, is asymptotically equivalent to the Bayes estimator that is produced by the (1 + α)/2 relatively invariant prior. The value α = −1 corresponds to the Kullback-Leibler loss function and to the maximum likelihood prior (Hartigan, 1998); it also provides an affine parametrization whose maximum likelihood estimator is asymptotically unbiased. Hence, in this case the associated Bayes estimate is asymptotically equal to the maximum likelihood estimate. In more than one dimensions that α-affine parameterizations do not necessarily exist, we use the technical device of immersion of the parametric family into a larger family that is α-flat. Then, the (1 + α)/2 relatively invariant prior is induced by the parametrization-dependent part of the asymptotic bias of the restricted maximum likelihood estimate.
The flexible x‐ray imager

A new gated x‐ray framing camera has been developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for use at the Nova laser facility. This diagnostic, the flexible x‐ray imager, has been designed as a modular unit that can be rapidly reconfigured to change the spectral response, magnification, sensitivity, and spatial and temporal resolutions of the instrument. The electrical gate pulse width may be varied from 200 ps to 2 ns depending upon whether the experimental emphasis is on temporal resolution or sensitivity. The long integration times are particularly useful in experiments where motional blurring occurs over even longer time scales. A detailed description of the instrument and its varied uses is presented.
Design of wide-band aperture-stacked patch microstrip antennas

A variation of the aperture-coupled stacked patch microstrip antenna is presented, which greatly enhances its bandwidth. Bandwidths of up to one octave have been achieved. The impedance behavior of this antenna is compared with that of other wide-band microstrip radiators. Matching techniques for the antenna are presented and their relative merits discussed. The effects of varying several key physical parameters of the antenna are investigated, lending some insight into its wide-band operation. Variations on the design such as incorporation of additional patches are also discussed.
Detecting and Analyzing Nonstationarity in a Time Series Using Nonlinear Cross Predictions

We propose a test for stationarity in a time series which checks for the compatibility of nonlinear approximations to the dynamics made in different segments of the sequence. The segments are compared directly, rather than via statistical parameters. The approach provides detailed information about episodes with similar dynamics during the measurement period. This allows for a detailed analysis of physically relevant changes in the dynamics.
Sidelobe suppression in 76-GHz post-wall waveguide-fed parallel-plate slot arrays

Sidelobe suppression is demonstrated for 76-GHz post-wall waveguide fed parallel-plate slot arrays for car radar applications. Taylor distribution illumination control is successfully confirmed experimentally in the slot array on the parallel-plate waveguide. The amplitude distribution in the transverse direction is controlled by shaping a quasi-TEM mode and that in the longitudinal direction is realized by the slot coupling control, both in an oversized waveguide. Measured sidelobes are below -22 dB for one-dimensional (1-D) Taylor tapering while those for two-dimensional (2-D) Taylor distribution are below -18 dB. The gain reduction in comparison with that for uniform illumination is less than 1 dB both in the experiment. All these verify the potential of aperture illumination control of the parallel-plate slot arrays.
Effects of Inflow Mach Number and Step Height on Supersonic Flows over a Backward-Facing Step

The backward-facing step is practically implicated in many devices, encountering the massive separation flows. In the present study, simulations of supersonic flow over a backward-facing step have been carried out employing both RANS and LES. The simulated results are validated against the experimental data. The results of RANS and LES show a good comparison with the experimental results. Different inflow Mach numbers and expansion ratios are also investigated. The reattachment length decreases with the increase of inflow Mach number. The duct height has a great effect on the flow patterns. The present conclusions are helpful to understand the physics in supersonic separation flows and also provide theory basis for engineering applications.
Dynamic of rescattering-electron wave packets in strong and short-wavelength laser fields: Roles of Coulomb potential and excited states

We investigate the high-order harmonic generation of atoms and molecules exposed in strong and short-wavelength (shorter than 800 nm) laser fields. Our simulations show that the electronic rescattering trajectory depends strongly on the property of the Coulomb potential. Using numerical schemes, we identify the important role of excited states in the emission times of harmonics from molecules. We propose a model, which considers the initial position when electrons tunnel out from the potential, to explain the electronic response in intense and relatively high-frequency laser fields.
On Morse's new adaptive controller: parameter convergence and transient performance

Some transient and asymptotic performance properties are established for the model reference adaptive controller proposed by A.S. Morse (Proc. US-Italy Joint Seminar Syst., Models Feedback 1992). It is proved that the L/sub 2/ norm of the tracking error is uniformly bounded by the initial parameter estimation error. Further, if the initial conditions are sufficiently small, it is shown that the L/sub infinity / norm of the tracking error is uniformly bounded by the L/sub m2/ norm of the reference signal. These transient bounds are independent of the signals richness and the adaptation gain, making them arguably the strongest transient results available in the literature. Second, excitation conditions for exponential stability, a property which is well known to insure some local performance measures, are given. To this end, it is shown that, modulo a signal dependent time scale change, Morse's estimator is equivalent to a normalized gradient plus filtering identifier. >
Sampling in Weighted Lp Spaces of Entire Functions in Cn and Estimates of the Bergman Kernel

The necessary density condition in C known for sampling and interpolation in the Lp space of entire functions with a subharmonic weight is extended to the case of a 2-homogeneous, plurisubharmonic weight function in C. The method is by estimating the eigenvalues of a certain Toeplitz concentration operator, using asymptotic estimates for the Bergman kernel of independent interest.
Consolidation by vertical drains under time‐dependent loading

A solution for the consolidation by vertical drains under time-dependent loading is presented in this paper. Considering the well resistance and the smear action, the simultaneous basic partial differential equations of the consolidation by vertical drains are obtained for the arbitrary loading method. However, the impulse function method cannot be directly applied to obtain the solution. The partial differential equations and the solution conditions that satisfy the impulse function method are obtained after some mathematical processing. The solution for the consolidation by vertical drains under time-dependent loading is obtained by virtue of the impulse function method and the solution under instantaneous loading. The solutions under single ramp loading and multi-ramp loading are obtained and the feasibility of Carrillo's method under time-dependent loading is discussed. Further, the characteristics of the consolidation by vertical drains under instantaneous loading and time-dependent loading are discussed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generalized Constrained Redundancy Analysis

A method of generalized constrained redundancy analysis (GCRA) is proposed, which incorporates external information in redundancy analysis (RA). In this method both the criterion variables and the orthogonal projector defined by the predictor variables are first decomposed into several components according to the external information, and RA is applied to the decomposed matrices. By combining the terms in the two decompositions, a variety of existing and new methods of RA are realized including a variety of partial (non-partial, partial, semi-partial and bi-partial) and constrained (unconstrained, semi-constrained and bi-constrained) RA. An example is given to illustrate the method.
OLINDA/EXM 2—The Next-generation Personal Computer Software for Internal Dose Assessment in Nuclear Medicine

Abstract The OLINDA/EXM version 2.0 personal computer code was created as an upgrade to the widely used OLINDA/EXM 1.0 and 1.1 codes. This paper documents the upgrades that were implemented. New decay data and anthropomorphic and biokinetic models were implemented in the software, and the software alpha and beta tested. Agreement of doses between the OLINDA/EXM codes 1 and 2 was very good. Use of the new anthropomorphic and biokinetic models results in understandable differences between the codes. Previous models were retained in the new code, and those results were identical to those in the previous code. OLINDA/EXM 2.0 represents an upgrade from version 1, with new modeling data recommended by the international community. It standardizes internal dose calculations for dose assessments in clinical trials with radiopharmaceuticals, theoretical calculations for existing pharmaceuticals, teaching, and other purposes.
Molecular characterization of physis tissue and hormonal profiles of female rats neonatally exposed to low-dose bisphenol A

Physis is a complex cartilaginous structure that is critical for longitudinal bone growth. As one of the endocrine-disrupting chemicals, bisphenol A (BPA) can interfere with the physis by deranging the complex networks of nutritional, cellular, paracrine, and endocrine factors, and this affects longitudinal bone growth, leading to different growth outcomes. However, the exact mechanisms underlying these phenomena remain unclear. Therefore, understanding the molecular pathways involved in the physis after neonatal exposure to low-dose BPA may permit the identification of research targets for therapeutics, which may aid in modulating the process of growth plate closure. In the present study, female Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to 0.05 mg·kg−1·day−1 of BPA and corn oil vehicle from postnatal day 1 (PND1) to 15 via subcutaneous injection. Next-generation RNA sequencing was performed for the mRNA isolated from the physis. The levels of osteocalcin (OC), growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were measured on PND30 (BPA0.05mg vs. Vehicle; n = 5 for each group). We observed statistically significant enrichment of gene sets in the BPA0.05mg tissues compared with the Vehicle tissues. Further analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified BPA0.05mg-specific networks of secreted proteins (LEP, NPY, AGT, ACE2, C4B, and C4BPA) as well as those of local matrix and protease proteins (FBN2, LAMC2, ADAMTS16, and ADAMTS19). Furthermore, the levels of OC and GH were affected by BPA exposure. Our results revealed the specific molecular characteristics of physis contaminated with BPA and may provide new clues for physis maturation and supervision of industrial products and occupational exposure.
Negatively charged, intrinsically disordered regions can accelerate target search by DNA-binding proteins

Abstract In eukaryotes, many DNA/RNA-binding proteins possess intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) with large negative charge, some of which involve a consecutive sequence of aspartate (D) or glutamate (E) residues. We refer to them as D/E repeats. The functional role of D/E repeats is not well understood, though some of them are known to cause autoinhibition through intramolecular electrostatic interaction with functional domains. In this work, we investigated the impacts of D/E repeats on the target DNA search kinetics for the high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein and the artificial protein constructs of the Antp homeodomain fused with D/E repeats of varied lengths. Our experimental data showed that D/E repeats of particular lengths can accelerate the target association in the overwhelming presence of non-functional high-affinity ligands (‘decoys’). Our coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulations showed that the autoinhibited proteins can bind to DNA and transition into the uninhibited complex with DNA through an electrostatically driven induced-fit process. In conjunction with the CGMD simulations, our kinetic model can explain how D/E repeats can accelerate the target association process in the presence of decoys. This study illuminates an unprecedented role of the negatively charged IDRs in the target search process.
Process intensification strategies toward cell culture‐based high‐yield production of a fusogenic oncolytic virus

We present a proof‐of‐concept study for production of a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV)‐based fusogenic oncolytic virus (OV), rVSV‐Newcastle disease virus (NDV), at high cell densities (HCD). Based on comprehensive experiments in 1 L stirred tank reactors (STRs) in batch mode, first optimization studies at HCD were carried out in semi‐perfusion in small‐scale cultivations using shake flasks. Further, a perfusion process was established using an acoustic settler for cell retention. Growth, production yields, and process‐related impurities were evaluated for three candidate cell lines (AGE1.CR, BHK‐21, HEK293SF)infected at densities ranging from 15 to 30 × 106 cells/mL. The acoustic settler allowed continuous harvesting of rVSV‐NDV with high cell retention efficiencies (above 97%) and infectious virus titers (up to 2.4 × 109 TCID50/mL), more than 4–100 times higher than for optimized batch processes. No decrease in cell‐specific virus yield (CSVY) was observed at HCD, regardless of the cell substrate. Taking into account the accumulated number of virions both from the harvest and bioreactor, a 15–30 fold increased volumetric virus productivity for AGE1.CR and HEK293SF was obtained compared to batch processes performed at the same scale. In contrast to all previous findings, formation of syncytia was observed at HCD for the suspension cells BHK 21 and HEK293SF. Oncolytic potency was not affected compared to production in batch mode. Overall, our study describes promising options for the establishment of perfusion processes for efficient large‐scale manufacturing of fusogenic rVSV‐NDV at HCD for all three candidate cell lines.
Draft Genome Sequence of Exophiala Strain HKRS030, a Fungus Capable of Reducing Iron but Not Nitrate

Exophiala strain HKRS030 was isolated from a cryptoendolithic community found in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM) in southern Utah, USA. Exophiala strain HKRS030 was observed to dissimilatorily reduce iron(III) while being unable to reduce nitrate. ABSTRACT Exophiala strain HKRS030 was isolated from a cryptoendolithic community found in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM) in southern Utah, USA. Exophiala strain HKRS030 was observed to dissimilatorily reduce iron(III) while being unable to reduce nitrate.
EDF Statistics for Goodness of Fit and Some Comparisons

Abstract This article offers a practical guide to goodness-of-fit tests using statistics based on the empirical distribution function (EDF). Five of the leading statistics are examined—those often labelled D, W 2, V, U 2, A 2—and three important situations: where the hypothesized distribution F(x) is completely specified and where F(x) represents the normal or exponential distribution with one or more parameters to be estimated from the data. EDF statistics are easily calculated, and the tests require only one line of significance points for each situation. They are also shown to be competitive in terms of power.
Early Versus Delayed Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Blunt Thoracic Aortic Injury

Objective: We examined early (≤24 h) versus delayed (>24 h) thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for blunt thoracic aortic injury (BTAI), taking the aortic injury severity into consideration. Background: Current trauma surgery guidelines recommend delayed TEVAR following BTAI. However, this recommendation was based on small studies, and specifics regarding recommendation strategies based on aortic injury grades are lacking. Methods: Patients undergoing TEVAR for BTAI in the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program between 2016 and 2019 were included and then stratified into 2 groups (early: ≤24 h vs. delayed: >24 h). In-hospital outcomes were compared after creating 1:1 propensity score-matched cohorts, matching for demographics, comorbidities, concomitant injuries, additional procedures, and aortic injury severity based on the acute aortic syndrome (AAS) classification. Results: Overall, 1339 patients were included, of whom 1054(79%) underwent early TEVAR. Compared with the delayed group, the early group had significantly less severe head injuries (early vs delayed; 25% vs 32%; P=0.014), fewer early interventions for AAS grade 1 occurred, and AAS grade 3 aortic injuries often were intervened upon within 24 hours (grade 1: 28% vs 47%; grade 3: 49% vs 23%; P<0.001). After matching, the final sample included 548 matched patients. Compared with the delayed group, the early group had a significantly higher in-hospital mortality (8.8% vs 4.4%, relative risk: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1–4.4; P=0.028), alongside a shorter length of hospital stay (5.0 vs 10 days; P=0.028), a shorter intensive care unit length of stay (4.0 vs 11 days; P<0.001) and fewer days on the ventilator (4.0 vs 6.5 days; P=0.036). Furthermore, regardless of the higher risk of acute kidney injury in the delayed group (3.3% vs 7.7%, relative risk: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20–0.92; P=0.029), no other differences in in-hospital complications were observed between the early and delayed group. Conclusion: In this propensity score-matched analysis, delayed TEVAR was associated with lower mortality risk, even after adjusting for aortic injury grade.
Differences in the Mediating Role of HL in Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health Across Age Groups: Results from the Dutch Doetinchem Cohort Study

Background: Although it is known that health literacy (HL) plays an explanatory role in educational inequalities in health, it is unknown whether this role varies across age groups. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the mediating role of HL in educational inequalities in four health outcomes varies across age groups: age 46 to 58 years, age 59 to 71 years, and age 72 to 84 years. Methods: We used data from the Dutch Doetinchem Cohort Study, which included 3,448 participants. We included years of education as predictor, chronic illness prevalence and incidence, mental and self-perceived health as outcomes, and HL, based on self-report, as mediator. We used multiple-group mediation models to compare indirect effects across age groups. Key Results: In the complete sample without age stratification, HL partly mediated the effect of education on all health outcomes except for incidence of chronic diseases. These indirect effect estimates were larger for subjective (self-perceived health, proportion mediated [PM] = 37%, and mental health, PM = 37%) than for objective health outcomes (prevalence of chronic disease, PM = 17%). For the prevalence of chronic disease, the indirect effect estimate was significantly larger among individuals age 46 to 58 years compared to individuals age 59 to 71 years and for incidence of chronic disease also compared to individuals age 72 to 84 years. All other indirect effect estimates did not differ significantly between age groups. Using an alternative cut-off point for HL or adjusting for cognitive functioning did not meaningfully change the results. Conclusions: Overall, we found that the explanatory role of HL in educational inequalities in mental and subjective health was stable but that it varied across age groups for chronic diseases, where it was largest among individuals age 46 to 58 years. Future studies may investigate the benefits of starting to intervene on HL from a younger age but means to improve HL may also benefit the subjective health of older adults with lower education. [HLRP: HL Research and Practice. 2023;7(1):e26–e38. ] Plain Language Summary: This study examined age-group differences in the mediating role of HL in the relationship between education and health. Overall, we found that the explanatory role of HL in educational inequalities in mental and subjective health was stable but that it varied across age groups for chronic diseases, where it was largest among individuals age 46 to 58 years compared to individuals age 59 to 71 years and individuals age 72 to 84 years.
Adverse events and complications after magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) therapy in uterine fibroids – a systematic review and future perspectives

Abstract Objectives The aim of this review was to analyze and summarize the most common adverse events (AEs) and complications after magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) therapy in uterine fibroids (UFs) and to establish the risk factors of their occurrence. Methods We searched for original research studies evaluating MRgFUS therapy in UFs with outcomes containing AEs and/or complications in different databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, COCHRANE) until March 2022. Reviews, editorials, opinions or letters, case studies, conference papers and abstracts were excluded from the analysis. The systematic literature search identified 446 articles, 43 of which were analyzed. Results According to available evidence, the overall incidence of serious complications in MRgFUS therapy is relatively low. No AEs/complications were reported in 11 out of 43 analyzed studies. The mean occurrence of all AEs in the analyzed material was 24.67%. The most commonly described AEs included pain, skin burns, urinary tract infections and sciatic neuropraxia. Major AEs, such as skin ulcerations or deep vein thrombosis, occurred in 0.41% of cases in the analyzed material. Conclusion MRgFUS seems to be safe in UF therapy. The occurrence of AEs, especially major ones, is relatively low in comparison with other methods. The new devices and more experience of their users seem to reduce AE rate. The lack of unification in AE reporting and missing data are the main issues in this area. More prospective, randomized studies with unified reporting and long follow-up are needed to determine the safety in a long-term perspective.