Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Outlier detection and visualization of large datasets

Outliers are special observations or extraordinary cases in the available data which deviate so much from other observations so as to arouse suspicions that they were generated by a different mechanism. Outliers detected can be used to identify special or extraordinary or fraudulent cases in day to day transactions. Outlier detection can be used to identify the noise in the data and these detected outliers have to be removed to improve data quality. Outlier Detection can be used for Traffic Analysis, Credit Card Fraud Detection. We applied Outlier Detection to Traffic data set for identifying the outlier stations on the highway. Detected outlier stations represent abnormalities in the traffic sensors data. This information is used by us to identify the faulty traffic sensors located at the highway stations. We have provided two dimensional visualization of the outliers which can be used for analyzing the data in an efficient manner. Traffic Management becomes easier when the abnormal traffic sensors identified at the corresponding outlier stations are identified. The method used here is a Statistic Approach. This technique compares every location to its neighbors using the Statistic. The Statistic is calculated to identify whether the data generated at a highway traffic station sensor is abnormal or not. This technique can be used efficiently to identify the outliers. This method can be easily applied to very large datasets as compared to existing conventional approaches.
Synthesis methodology for the design of acoustic wave stand-alone ladder filters, duplexers and multiplexers

The user segment of wireless communication systems takes profit of the outstanding performance of filtering devices based on acoustic resonators. With a spectrum more and more occupied the design of filters and duplexers for mobile devices is becoming a challenging task. Usually, the design of acoustic wave devices is mainly entrusted to optimization techniques due to the stringent constraints imposed by the technological feasibility of acoustic resonators, and the challenging electrical specifications. A stringent transmission response and very restrictive technological factors make the designing a complex and challenging task. The objective of this work is to describe a methodology for the direct synthesis of laddertype acoustic filters: stand-alone, duplexers or multiplexers. The procedure is time efficient, precise in the outcomes and provides a deep understanding of the particular interactions between technology constraints and device performance.
Amenorrhoea Traumatica (Atretica)

UNDER the above name I shall describe a specific type of amenorrhoea which, in spite of its prevalence, has not yet found a fitting place and description in gynaecalogical literature. Following complicated labour or abortion a stenosis or blockage of the internal os of the cervix may occur under certain conditions, thus producing amenorrhoea. This amenorrhoea is not functional but organic ; ovulation continues but the uterus docs not react and the endometrium remains in a state of inactivity. Hormonal therapy is neither reasonable nor effective, whereas simple removal of the blockage is sufficient to restore menstruation to normal. The diagnosis and recognition of this type of amenorrhoea is therefore not merely of academic interest, but is also important in practical therapeutics. Aetiology. Stenosis may occur under the following conditions : (a) Curettage during the puerperium, 1)ecause of a potential polyp or atony of the uterus. (b ) Curettage for a " missed " abortion. (c) Single, or repeated, curettage after a spontaneous or induced incomplete abortion. (d ) Curettage for a hydatidiform mole. (e) Severe postpartum atony without instrumental but with other mechanical interference (manual removal of placenta, intrauterine packing). Anatomy. The degree of stenosis varies from case to case; from those with complete occlusion, in which even a thin sur-
Attachment Orientations, Dependence, and Behavior in a Stressful Situation: An Application of the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model

In this study, we assessed how attachment orientations and degree of relationship dependence influence individuals' own behavior and their partners' behavior in a stressful situation using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM; Kashy & Kenny, 2000). Dating couples were videotaped while the female partner was waiting to engage in an anxiety-provoking task. Raters then evaluated the behavior of each partner on theoretically relevant dimensions. We found that more avoidantly attached individuals behaved more negatively toward their partners. Moreover, people behaved more negatively if their partners were more avoidant. Very few direct effects of dependence emerged. However, attachment orientations, particularly avoidant attachment and level of dependence, interacted to predict the behavior of both partners. In particular, less avoidant and highly dependent people behaved less negatively toward their partners, whereas more avoidant and less dependent people behaved more negatively. These results are discussed in terms of attachment theory, interdependence theory, and the APIM.
Riding the Donkey Backwards: Men as the Unacceptable Victims of Marital Violence

I n post-Renaissance France and England, society ridiculed and humiliated husbands thought to be battered andor dominated by their wives (Steinmetz, 1977-78). In France, for instance, a “battered” husband was trotted around town riding a donkey backwards while holding its tail. In England, “ahuscd” husbands were strapped to a cart and paraded around town, all the while subjected to the people’s derision and contempt. Such “treatments” for lhese husbands arose out of the patriarchal ethos where a husband was expected to dominate his wife, making her, if the occasion arose, the proper target for necessary marital chastisement; not the other way around (Dobash & Dobash, 1979). Although the patriarchal view supporting a husband’s complete dominance of his wife persisted into the twentieth century (E. Pleck, 1987)’ during h e latter half of h i s century, we find a definitc shift in people’s attitudes toward marital relationships. Beginning in the 1970s, for instance, advocates like Del Martin (1976) and Erin Pizzey (Pizzey 1974; Pizzey & Shapiro, 1982) exposed the “hidden” secret of domestic violence. As a result, terms like “domestic violcncc,” “domestic abuse,” and “battered wife” havc found their way into our everyday spccch. Finally, society sccms to bc taking the issue of domestic violence against women seriously and looking for solutions to stem if not to end the violence. Most of the early research dealing with domestic violence focused solely on the female victims and the social factors that supported the victimization of women (Smith, 1989). Consequently, a voluminous literature now exists ha t portrays domestic violence as a unitary social phcnomcnon stcmming from a patriarchal social ordcr where women arc portrayed as the vict i m and men perceived as the pcrpetrators (Dobash & Dobash, 1979). Such research has had a significant impact upon the evolution o f recent changcs
Translocation of GluR1-Containing AMPA Receptors to a Spinal Nociceptive Synapse during Acute Noxious Stimulation

Potentiation of spinal nociceptive transmission by synaptic delivery of AMPA receptors, via an NMDA receptor- and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-dependent pathway, has been proposed to underlie certain forms of hyperalgesia, the enhanced pain sensitivity that may accompany inflammation or tissue injury. However, the specific synaptic populations that may be subject to such plasticity have not been identified. Using neuronal tracing and postembedding immunogold labeling, we show that a model of acute inflammatory hyperalgesia is associated with an elevated density of GluR1-containing AMPA receptors, as well as an increased synaptic ratio of GluR1 to GluR2/3 subunits, at synapses established by C-fibers that lack the neuropeptide substance P. A more subtle increase in GluR1 immunolabeling was noted at synapses formed by substance P-containing nociceptors. No changes in either GluR1 or GluR2/3 contents were observed at synapses formed by low-threshold mechanosensitive primary afferent fibers. These results contrast with our previous observations in the same pain model of increased and decreased levels of activated CaMKII at synapses formed by peptidergic and nonpeptidergic nociceptive fibers, respectively, suggesting that the observed redistribution of AMPA receptor subunits does not depend on postsynaptic CaMKII activity. The present ultrastructural evidence of topographically specific, activity-dependent insertion of GluR1-containing AMPA receptors at a central synapse suggests that potentiation of nonpeptidergic C-fiber synapses by this mechanism contributes to inflammatory pain.
The value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in predicting common bile duct stones in patients with gallstone disease

The application of available predictive scoring systems for the detection of common bile duct (CBD) stones has not reduced the number of patients who undergo unnecessary endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The aim of this study was to create a predictive model for CBD stones and to assess the value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in prediction.
A Solution to the Default Risk-Business Cycle Disconnect

Models of business cycles in emerging economies explain the negative correlation between country spreads and output by modeling default risk as an exogenous interest rate on working capital. Models of strategic default explain the cyclical properties of sovereign spreads by assuming an exogenous output cost of default with special features, and they underestimate debt-output ratios by a wide margin. This paper proposes a solution to this default risk-business cycle disconnect based on a model of sovereign default with endogenous output dynamics. The model replicates observed V-shaped output dynamics around default episodes, countercyclical sovereign spreads, and high debt ratios, and it also matches the variability of consumption and the countercyclical fluctuations of net exports. Three features of the model are key for these results: (1) working capital loans pay for imported inputs; (2) imported inputs support more efficient factor allocations than when these inputs are produced internally; and (3) default on the foreign obligations of firms and the government occurs simultaneously.
Atrophy of the lateral geniculate nucleus in human glaucoma detected by magnetic resonance imaging

Aim: To determine in vivo whether the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) undergoes atrophy in patients with glaucoma and vision loss compared with normal subjects. Methods: Following institutional St Michael’s Hospital Research Ethics Board approval, a prospective and masked neuroimaging study was conducted on glaucoma patients with visual-field defects affecting both eyes (n = 10) and age-matched controls (n = 8). Following informed consent, all subjects underwent 1.5-Tesla MRI. Coronal proton density magnetic resonance images of both LGNs were obtained, and LGN height measurements were measured by consensus by three neuroradiologists masked to the diagnosis. Glaucoma and control groups were compared using the t test. Results: Both LGNs were identified and visualised by 1.5-Tesla MRI for every subject. Compared with controls, the mean LGN heights in glaucoma were decreased in right (4.09 (0.89) mm vs 4.74 (0.54) mm, p>0.05) and left LGNs (3.98 (0.57) mm vs 4.83 (0.95) mm; p = 0.033). The combined right and left LGN height in glaucoma was significantly decreased compared with controls (8.07 (1.06) mm vs 9.56 (0.86) mm; p = 0.005). Conclusion: In vivo MRI evidence of LGN degeneration in human glaucoma is consistent with ex vivo primate and human neuropathological studies. LGN atrophy may be a relevant biomarker of visual system injury and/or progression in some glaucoma patients.
Transdisciplinarity in the Study of Human Communication: A 21st Century Challenge

The following article attempts to list a series of theoretical and methodological challenges language studies have yet to overcome. My claims are based on what is known as ‘complex thought’ and a set of conceptual tools that can be traced back to Edgar Morin’s work. Applying complex thought to the domain of human communication reveals that the phonemic, grammatical, non-verbal and cognitive systems are closely related and indeed interdependent, which is why we need to adopt a transdisciplinary approach to the matter. In accordance with this approach, I have divided my presentation in four parts, namely: (1) I will firstly provide a brief introduction to complex thought and its proposed transdisciplinary method. (2) The second part presents several conceptual tools that can help us understand the complexity of language, such as the concepts of emergence and the hologrammatic principle. (3) The third part of this article deals with a modern cognitive theory that allows us to progress by means of the transdisciplinary method I propose. (4) The conclusion provides a brief summary of previously reviewed questions.
Strengths and Weaknesses of Qualitative Case Study Research

Whether case study research is a legitimate form of research, or merely a focus of research, remains controversial. However, despite the controversies, case study research is still widely used by researchers in various disciplines and academic fields. This suggests that there are strengths of this approach which cannot be ignored. The major concern of this paper is the qualitative single case study. The controversial aspects, including sampling, data collection, analysis, generalization, reliability and validity, of this type of case study are addressed.
Postpartum mood disorders : a feminist critique with specific reference to postnatal depression

This review examines the medical model's conceptualisation of postnatal depression (pND) from a feminist perspective. The arguments are fourfold: Firstly, it argues that the fundamental problem underlying the concept of PND is its conception as existing on a continuum with psychosis at the most severe end and maternity blues at the least severe end. The link with psychosis implies that it is potentially pathological requiring medical and psychiatric intervention. On the other hand its link with maternity blues gives scientific credence to continued research on emotional sequelae of reproduction that are below the psychiatric threshold of urgency. Secondly, the medical model's construction of PND implies that women are predisposed to mental illness because of their ability to bear children and thus pathologises normal experiences of childbirth. Thirdly, the medical model's preoccupation with classification and categorisation has become little more than an exercise in labeling that has removed women from their own experiences. Focusing on birth as an activity that is separate from the rest of pregnancy objectify women and ignores the socio-political context within which they give birth and care for their infants. Fourthly, it is argued that a different way of researching postpartum mood disorders is necessary to overcome a reductionistic and pathological model of childbirth. This is important if healthcare delivery hopes to provide adequate treatment for all women in the postnatal period. Especially in South Africa, where the dominant culture has for many years defined the experiences of the 'other', it is important to generate research that should include the 'voices' of the 'other' to prevent hegemonic practice from assuming an expert understanding of PND. This review does not deny the contributions from the medical establishment, but argues that a critique of its underlying assumptions is important to prevent women from being further marginalised by ignoring the socio-political context in which their lives are embedded. The implications for research within South Africa are also addressed. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
Self‐Assembly of Carbon Atoms on Transition Metal Surfaces—Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth Mechanism of Graphene

As the most promising method for high quality, large area graphene synthesis, chemical vapor decomposition (CVD) has drawn enormous attention. Understanding of the growth mechanism is crucial for optimizing the experimental design to synthesize the desired graphene for various applications. Recently, many theoretical efforts have been devoted to explore the decomposition of feedstock, nucleation of small graphene islands, and the expansion of graphene islands to a large graphene sheet on various catalyst surfaces. Here we summarize the key progresses on the three aspects in order to provide a complete scenery of graphene CVD growth at the atomic level and to guide the experimental design for the synthesis of desired graphene, e.g., high quality graphene sheets with large single crystalline domains or controlled doping.
How to select the best available related or unrelated donor of hematopoietic stem cells?

Recognition of HLA incompatibilities by the immune system represents a major barrier to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. HLA genotypically identical sibling donors are, therefore, the gold standard for transplantation purposes, but only 30% patients have such a donor. For the remaining 70% patients alternative sources of stem cells are a matched unrelated adult volunteer donor, a haploidentical donor or a cord blood unit. The definition of ‘HLA matching’ depends on the level of resolution and on which loci are tested. The development of HLA molecular typing technologies and the availability of more than 27 million donors in the international database has greatly facilitated unrelated donor searches. The gold standard is high resolution typing at the HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, and -DQB1 loci (10/10 match). Single disparities for HLA-A, -B, - C, or -DRB1 are associated with increased risk of post-transplant complications, but less so in patients with advanced disease, and in those undergoing T-cell-depleted allografting. HLA-DQB1 mismatches seem to be better tolerated and some HLA-C, -DRB1 and -DPB1 disparities are potentially less immunogenic. HLA typing by next-generation sequencing methods is likely to change matching algorithms by providing full sequence information on all HLA loci in a single step. In most European populations a 10/10 matched donor can be found for at least 50% of patients and an additional 20–30% patients may have a 9/10 matched donor. Genetic factors that help in identifying donors with less immunogenic mismatches are discussed. Haploidentical donors are increasingly used as an alternative source of stem cells for those patients lacking a matched unrelated donor.
A SURVEY ON WORKFLOW SCHEDULING IN CLOUD USING ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION

Schedulers for cloud computing determine on which processing resource jobs of a workflow should SSbe allocated. In hybrid clouds, jobs can be allocated on either a private cloud or a public cloud on a pay per use Sbasis. The capacity of the communication channels connecting these two types of resources impacts the makespan and the cost of workflow execution. Our new approach introduces Ant Colony Optimization for the scheduling problem in hybrid clouds presenting the main Heuristics such as cost, makesapn, number of cores (multicore), and available bandwidth to be considered when scheduling workflows. Ant Colony Optimization is one of the best optimization techniques in scheduling workflows using heuristics.
Zorua: Enhancing Programming Ease, Portability, and Performance in GPUs by Decoupling Programming Models from Resource Management

The application resource specification--a static specification of several parameters such as the number of threads and the scratchpad memory usage per thread block--forms a critical component of the existing GPU programming models. This specification determines the performance of the application during execution because the corresponding on-chip hardware resources are allocated and managed purely based on this specification. This tight coupling between the software-provided resource specification and resource management in hardware leads to significant challenges in programming ease, portability, and performance, as we demonstrate in this work. Our goal in this work is to reduce the dependence of performance on the software-provided resource specification to simultaneously alleviate the above challenges. To this end, we introduce Zorua, a new resource virtualization framework, that decouples the programmer-specified resource usage of a GPU application from the actual allocation in the on-chip hardware resources. Zorua enables this decoupling by virtualizing each resource transparently to the programmer. We demonstrate that by providing the illusion of more resources than physically available, Zorua offers several important benefits: (i) Programming Ease: Zorua eases the burden on the programmer to provide code that is tuned to efficiently utilize the physically available on-chip resources. (ii) Portability: Zorua alleviates the necessity of re-tuning an application's resource usage when porting the application across GPU generations. (iii) Performance: By dynamically allocating resources and carefully oversubscribing them when necessary, Zorua improves or retains the performance of applications that are already highly tuned to best utilize the resources. The holistic virtualization provided by Zorua has many other potential uses which we describe in this paper.
Molecular modelling of the three-dimensional structure and conformational flexibility of bacterial lipopolysaccharide

Molecular modelling techniques have been applied to calculate the three-dimensional architecture and the conformational flexibility of a complete bacterial S-form lipopolysaccharide (LPS) consisting of a hexaacyl lipid A identical to Escherichia coli lipid A, a complete Salmonella typhimurium core oligosaccharide portion, and four repeating units of the Salmonella serogroup B O-specific chain. X-ray powder diffraction experiments on dried samples of LPS were carried out to obtain information on the dimensions of the various LPS partial structures. Up to the Ra-LPS structure, the calculated model dimensions were in good agreement with experimental data and were 2.4 nm for lipid A, 2.8 nm for Re-LPS, 3.5 nm for Rd-LPS, and 4.4 nm for Ra-LPS. The maximum length of a stretched S-form LPS model bearing four repeating units was evaluated to be 9.6 nm; however, energetically favored LPS conformations showed the O-specific chain bent with respect to the Ra-LPS portion and significantly smaller dimensions (about 5.0 to 5.5 nm). According to the calculations, the Ra-LPS moiety has an approximately cylindrical shape and is conformationally well defined, in contrast to the O-specific chain, which was found to be the most flexible portion within the molecule.
LORENZ-BASED CHAOTIC SECURE COMMUNICATION SCHEMES

Secure communication systems employing chaos have recently attracted significant interest. This is partly due to their high unpredictability and simplicity of implementation over conventional secure communications systems. This study presents the implementation of four chaotic modulation techniques employing Lorenz system as chaos generator. The techniques are Chaotic Masking (CM), Chaos Shift Keying (CSK), Chaos On-Off Keying (COOK), and Differential Chaos Shift Keying (DCSK). Simulations were carried out using Simulink in Matlab environment to implement these techniques. A qualitative evaluation of the transmitted signal waveforms in all the cases considered showed that DCSK gives the highest level of security followed by CSK while COOK gives the least level of security. Keyword: Secure communication, Chaos, Lorenz system, Modulation