Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Material recycling in a sediment‐starved trench recorded in the Early Cretaceous Shiriya accretionary complex, Northeast Japan

Identifying and examining geological processes that have occurred in sediment‐starved trenches of ancient non‐accretionary subduction zones exposed on land are still challenging, because such style of subduction is believed to leave scarce rock records. Our new geological mapping, petrography of coarse clastic rocks, radiolarian and zircon U–Pb dating of the Shiriya accretionary complex in Northeast Japan suggest that the younger parts (Sr1 unit) of the complex formed in a sediment‐starved trench. The key observation is that debris derived from the inner trench slope directly overlies pelagic chert in many sections where trench turbidites are lacking. A significant mass of turbidites occurring in other sections are also considered to represent distal facies of the debrites from the adjacent inner trench slope, rather than normal trench‐fill turbidites directly supplied from the continental landmass. These recycled materials from the inner trench slope comprised an imbricate frontal accretionary wedge, together with pelagic siliceous deposits of ocean floor origin. This accretionary wedge of debrite origin suggests that mass wasting on inner slopes of sediment‐starved trenches does not always result in tectonic erosion (removal of materials from the upper plate), but results in material recycling to reconstruct a new frontal accretionary wedge. The spatial dimensions of the recycling cell may be one of the critical differences between accretionary and non‐accretionary margins. Recycled continental materials transported by turbidites from remote landmasses construct frontal wedges in accretionary margins, whereas mass wasting on adjacent slopes and re‐accretion at the trench recycle continental materials in non‐accretionary margins. The transition from an accretionary to non‐accretionary (i.e. sediment‐starved) trench detected in the Shiriya Complex potentially records tectonic response of the inner trench slope to increased friction along the subduction interface.
Method for Inferential Continuous Assessment of Driver's Situational Awareness

This paper proposes a new method for inferential continuous assessment of driver situational awareness (ICA-D SA) that provides the level of knowledge needed to make effective decisions and take appropriate actions. The paper presents the development of the method, which combines eye-tracking and driving performance data to provide a comprehensive situational awareness (SA) assessment of all three SA levels. The approach provides a continuous and non-intrusive assessment that can be applied in simulated and vehicle-based studies. It also presents a user study conducted to collect data for developing the eye - tracking model for assessment of SA level 1, and the rationale behind the selection of the driving performance indicators for SA levels 2 and 3. Finally, it presents the application of the method to the user study results as an example of how it can be used to evaluate new user interfaces.
Access to diagnostic evaluation and treatment for dementia in Europe

This paper reviews and discusses existing barriers to diagnosis and treatment for patients with dementia in Europe as well as approaches to overcome these barriers. The barriers to care are manifold, being present at all levels in each society and between countries in Europe. Multilevel and multifaceted strategies are needed to improve diagnosis and treatments for all patients with cognitive complaints. A multidisciplinary approach based on close collaboration between GPs and specialised memory clinics may be the ideal model for early accurate diagnosis and subsequently early pharmacological and psychosocial interventions. For all healthcare professionals, there should be specialised training in dementia and frequently updated practice guidelines to provide the framework for standards of care. Culture‐sensitive strategies to promote public knowledge and destigmatize dementia are essential. Policy makers and authorities should be made aware of the benefits of early access to diagnosis and treatment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An integrated visual framework for the human-Web interface

The design of Web sites has been largely ad hoc, with little concern about the effectiveness of navigation and maintenance. This paper presents a general framework with a human-Web interface that supports Web design through visual programming and reverse Web engineering through visualization. The paper describes the framework in the context of a Web tool, known as HWIT which has been developed for a pilot study.
Adaptive Handling of Out-of-order Streams in Conformance Checking

Organizations function through the execution of various business processes. Non-conformant behavior in these processes impacts organizations negatively through implications such as reduced efficiency, lower quality, and compliance risks. Thus, it is important to identify non-conformant process behavior rapidly. While this is a challenging problem on its own, it is further complicated by the advent of big data, distributed systems, and a fragmented landscape of cloud-and on-premise tools that all provide data for the analysis of a business process and for determining its conformance. In such a landscape, it is common that events may arrive out of order. This complicates the conformance-checking analysis, which commonly expects events within a process to arrive in a specific sequence allowed by the process model. This paper introduces the first streaming conformance-checking method that incorporates event time awareness, thus having the ability to correct imperfections stemming from the out-of-order arrival of events. The method is scalable, utilizing the Beamline framework built on top of Apache Flink. Furthermore, the method includes an adaptive approach for handling various levels of out-of-order events in event streams. Experiments were conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the method for real-world use cases with different levels of out-of-order events. The results indicate that the method is well suited for identifying conformance in business processes that rely on a multitude of underlying systems for aggregating a holistic view of the process.
Radioimmunoassay of the cellular protein p53 in mouse and human cell lines.

We have developed quantitative radioimmunological solid phase assays for the host protein p53 from mouse cells and from human cells. The first assay, for mouse p53, depends on having two monoclonal antibodies reacting with different determinants on the p53 molecule. With this assay we have shown that SV40‐transformed cells have approximately 100‐fold more p53 than untransformed mouse cells and that other transformed cells have intermediate levels. Embryonal carcinoma cell lines have approximately 50‐fold less p53 than SV40‐transformed cells. This is in contrast to the high levels of incorporation of [35S]methionine into p53 in these cells and indicates that metabolic labelling is not a valid approach for measuring p53 levels. The second assay, for human p53, required a different approach and made use of the anti‐p53 antibodies detected in the sera of some breast cancer patients. Human tumour cell lines contained amounts of p53 varying from the high level seen in SV40‐transformed human fibroblasts down to less than one hundredth of this amount. Normal human cells showed low levels of p53. The data confirm that many, but not all, human tumour cell lines contain more p53 than normal cells.
Deep Learning for Reward Design to Improve Monte Carlo Tree Search in ATARI Games

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) methods have proven powerful in planning for sequential decision-making problems such as Go and video games, but their performance can be poor when the planning depth and sampling trajectories are limited or when the rewards are sparse. We present an adaptation of PGRD (policy-gradient for reward-design) for learning a reward-bonus function to improve UCT (a MCTS algorithm). Unlike previous applications of PGRD in which the space of reward-bonus functions was limited to linear functions of hand-coded state-action-features, we use PGRD with a multi-layer convolutional neural network to automatically learn features from raw perception as well as to adapt the non-linear reward-bonus function parameters. We also adopt a variance-reducing gradient method to improve PGRD's performance. The new method improves UCT's performance on multiple ATARI games compared to UCT without the reward bonus. Combining PGRD and Deep Learning in this way should make adapting rewards for MCTS algorithms far more widely and practically applicable than before.
The Effects of PM2.5 from Asian Dust Storms on Emergency Room Visits for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases

A case-crossover study examined how PM2.5 from Asian Dust Storms (ADS) affects the number of emergency room (ER) admissions for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and respiratory diseases (RDs). Our data indicated that PM2.5 concentration from ADS was highly correlated with ER visits for CVDs and RDs. The odds ratios (OR) increased by 2.92 (95% CI: 1.22–5.08) and 1.86 (95% CI: 1.30–2.91) per 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 levels, for CVDs and RDs, respectively. A 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 from ADSs was significantly associated with an increase in ER visits for CVDs among those 65 years of age and older (an increase of 2.77 in OR) and for females (an increase of 3.09 in OR). In contrast, PM2.5 levels had a significant impact on RD ER visits among those under 65 years of age (OR = 1.77). The risk of ER visits for CVDs increased on the day when the ADS occurred in Taiwan and the day after (lag 0 and lag 1); the corresponding risk increase for RDs only increased on the fifth day after the ADS (lag 5). In Taiwan’s late winter and spring, the severity of ER visits for CVDs and RDs increases. Environmental protection agencies should employ an early warning system for ADS to reduce high-risk groups’ exposure to PM2.5.
Linkages Among Climate, Fire, and Thermoerosion in Alaskan Tundra Over the Past Three Millennia

Amplified Arctic warming may facilitate novel tundra disturbance regimes, as suggested by recent increases in the rate and extent of thermoerosion and fires in some tundra areas. Thermoerosion and wildfire can exacerbate warming by releasing large permafrost carbon stocks, and interactions between disturbance regimes can lead to complex ecosystem feedbacks. We conducted geochemical and charcoal analyses of lake sediments from an Alaskan lake to identify thermoerosion and fire events over the past 3,000 years. Thermoerosion was inferred from lake sediments in the context of modern soil data from retrogressive thaw slumps (RTS). Magnetic susceptibility (MS), Ca:K, and Ca:Sr increased with depth in modern RTS soils and were higher on recently exposed than older slump surfaces. Peaks in bulk density, % CaCO3, Ca:K, Ca:Sr, and MS values in the sediments suggest at least 18 thermoerosion events in the Loon Lake watershed over the past 3,000 years. Charcoal analysis identifies 22 fires over the same period at this site. Temporal variability in these records suggests climate‐driven responses of both thermoerosion and fire disturbance regimes, with fewer RTS episodes and fire events during the Little Ice Age than the Medieval Climate Anomaly. Moreover, RTS activity lagged behind catchment fires by 20–30 years (>90% confidence interval), implying that fires facilitated thermoerosion on decadal time scales, possibly because of prolonged active‐layer deepening following fire and postfire proliferation of insulative shrub cover. These results highlight the potential for complex interactions between climate, vegetation, and tundra disturbance in response to ongoing warming.
Novel Form of Adaptation in Mouse Retinal Rods Speeds Recovery of Phototransduction

Photoreceptors of the retina adapt to ambient light in a manner that allows them to detect changes in illumination over an enormous range of intensities. We have discovered a novel form of adaptation in mouse rods that persists long after the light has been extinguished and the rod's circulating dark current has returned. Electrophysiological recordings from individual rods showed that the time that a bright flash response remained in saturation was significantly shorter if the rod had been previously exposed to bright light. This persistent adaptation did not decrease the rate of rise of the response and therefore cannot be attributed to a decrease in the gain of transduction. Instead, this adaptation was accompanied by a marked speeding of the recovery of the response, suggesting that the step that rate-limits recovery had been accelerated. Experiments on knockout rods in which the identity of the rate-limiting step is known suggest that this adaptive acceleration results from a speeding of G protein/effector deactivation.
A community-curated consensual annotation that is continuously updated: the Bacillus subtilis centred wiki SubtiWiki

Bacillus subtilis is the model organism for Gram-positive bacteria, with a large amount of publications on all aspects of its biology. To facilitate genome annotation and the collection of comprehensive information on B. subtilis, we created SubtiWiki as a community-oriented annotation tool for information retrieval and continuous maintenance. The wiki is focused on the needs and requirements of scientists doing experimental work. This has implications for the design of the interface and for the layout of the individual pages. The pages can be accessed primarily by the gene designations. All pages have a similar flexible structure and provide links to related gene pages in SubtiWiki or to information in the World Wide Web. Each page gives comprehensive information on the gene, the encoded protein or RNA as well as information related to the current investigation of the gene/protein. The wiki has been seeded with information from key publications and from the most relevant general and B. subtilis-specific databases. We think that SubtiWiki might serve as an example for other scientific wikis that are devoted to the genes and proteins of one organism. Database URL: The wiki can be accessed at http://subtiwiki.uni-goettingen.de/
Efficient Real-Time Algorithms for Eye State and Head Pose Tracking in Advanced Driver Support Systems

This article shows cutting-edge computer vision methods employed in advanced vision sensing technologies for medical, safety and security applications, where the human eye represents the object of interest for both the imager and the computer. As the eye scans the environment, or focuses on particular objects in the scene, the processor simultaneously localizes the eye position, tracks its position and movement over time, and infers counter measures such as fatigue level, attention level, and gaze direction in real-time and automatically. The focus of this demonstration is placed on four different algorithms: auto-initialization (RHED), eye position tracking (SIRAT), eye closure recognition (HRA), driver head pose categorization.
Molecular Detection of Bacteria in Activated Sludge from Municipal Wastewater of Cold Climate Regions

In recent years wastewater treatment using microbial processes are very common. Activated sludge process using bacteria is the most widely used technology for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. In present study we detected Nitrosomonas sp . , Pseudomonas sp . , Proteus inconstans , Pseudomonas fluorescence , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in activated sludge of municipal wastewater in cold climate regions of Iran. Total of 35 municipal wastewater specimens were collected from different regions of Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province in cold months and genomic DNA was extracted using kit. PCR reaction was performed using specific oligonucleotide primers for amplification of each genes and amplified products visualized on 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. From 35 municipal wastewater samples 22 (62.86%), 25 (71.43%), 9 (25.71%), 13 (37.14%), and 17 (48.57%) specimens were positive for Nitrosomonas sp . , Pseudomonas sp . , Proteus inconstans , Pseudomonas fluorescence , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , respectively. These results showed that Pseudomonas sp. and Nitrosomonas sp. are more frequent bacterial species in activated sludge of municipal wastewater of cold climate regions. These findings demonstrated that growth controls of these bacteria are important in biological treatment processes of activated sludge and useful for decrease of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in municipal wastewater of cold regions.
Human Competitiveness of Genetic Programming in Spectrum-Based Fault Localisation

We report on the application of Genetic Programming to Software Fault Localisation, a problem in the area of Search-Based Software Engineering (SBSE). We give both empirical and theoretical evidence for the human competitiveness of the evolved fault localisation formulæ under the single fault scenario, compared to those generated by human ingenuity and reported in many papers, published over more than a decade. Though there have been previous human competitive results claimed for SBSE problems, this is the first time that evolved solutions have been formally proved to be human competitive. We further prove that no future human investigation could outperform the evolved solutions. We complement these proofs with an empirical analysis of both human and evolved solutions, which indicates that the evolved solutions are not only theoretically human competitive, but also convey similar practical benefits to human-evolved counterparts.
Exploiting Dynamic Passage Retrieval for Spoken Question Recognition and Context Processing towards Speech-driven Information Access Dialogue

Speech interfaces and dialogue processing abilities have promise for improving the utility of open-domain question answering (QA). We propose a novel method of resolving disambiguation problems arisen in those speech and dialogue enhanced QA tasks. The proposed method exploits passage retrieval, which is one of main components common in many QA systems. The basic idea of the method is that the similarity with some passage in the target documents can be used to select the appropriate question from the candidates. In this paper, we applied the method to solve two subtasks of QA, which are (1) N-best rescoring of LVCSR outputs, which selects a most appropriate candidate as a question sentence, in speech-driven QA (SDQA) task and (2) context processing, which compose a complete question sentence from a submitted incomplete one by using the elements appeared in the dialogue context, in information access dialogue (IAD) task. For both tasks, a dynamic passage retrieval is introduced to further improve the performance. The experimental results showed that the proposed method is quite effective in order to improve the performance of QA in both two tasks.
An Algorithm for an Intermittently Atomic Data Service Based on Group Communication

Group communication provides a convenient mechanism for building applications that maintain a replicated state of some sort [1]. Such applications typically implement certain consistency properties regarding how different application clients perceive the replicated state. One of the well-understood and often preferred consistency properties isstrong-consistencyor atomicity [2], [3, Ch. 13], which creates a perception of the replicated state as being non-replicated. However, in large-scale wide-area settings, providing atomicity may result in prohibitive levels of overhead and sometimes, during network partitions, in blocking the applications until partitions repair. Thus, weaker consistency properties may be more appropriate in such settings. A key question is which weaker consistency properties are still coherent and acceptable to the application clients. In this paper, we propose one way to weaken the atomicity property and illustrate the resulting property, intermittent atomicity , with a simple application. We call this applicationintermittently-atomic data service (IADS); the application implements a variant of a data service that allows a dynamic group of clients to access and modify a replicated data object. The IADS application is prototypical of some collaborative computing applications, such as a shared white-board application (e.g., [4], [5]). Roughly speaking, intermittent atomicity guarantees that, while the underlying network component is stable, clients perceive the data object as tomic.1 During periods of instability, the clients’ perceptions of the object may diverge from the atomic one. The non-atomic semantics may persist until after the underlying component becomes stable again. When stability is regained, the atomic semantics is restored within some finite amount
Assessing the status of pinuchu as indicator of socio-ecological resilience of Chaya Socio-Ecological Production Landscape, Ifugao, Philippines

Santiago JO, Buot Jr IE. 2018. Assessing the status of pinuchu as indicator of socio-ecological resilience of Chaya Socio-Ecological Production Landscape, Ifugao, Philippines. Biodiversitas 19: 2010-2019. Safeguarding biodiversity should be one of the priorities of the community to attain resilience. This study was aimed to determine the conditions of the woodlot (pinuchu) along the altitudinal zones of the mountain ranges in Chaya and correlated this to resilience. Specifically, it aimed to (i) determine the species composition, structure, and diversity of the tree species in selected pinuchu and (ii) determine the environmental variables associated with the vegetation composition. Vegetation data were subject to classification and ordination analyses. Species diversity was also calculated using Shannon-Wiener index. The tree diversity showed an overall diversity of (H'=3.83) corresponding to relatively high diversity. According to canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), elevation, temperature, and human disturbances influenced the vegetation composition. It is recommended that to sustain resilience of the CSEPL, pinuchu should be biodiversity-rich at all times. Policymakers should use native species as planting material in the reforestation program instead of using fast-growing exotic species.
Multi-drug Resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Isolated from Nkonkobe Municipality Environment in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is increasingly emerging as an opportunistic pathogen of global concern. Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the generally accepted antibiotic of choice for the treatment of infections caused by this organism, but resistance to the drug is increasingly being reported; hence, the need for alternative therapeutic options. In this study, the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of 110 commensal S. maltophilia isolates obtained from Nkonkobe municipality, Eastern Cape Province, Republic of South Africa was investigated. Twenty-one antibiotics including TMP-SMX and the fluoroquinolones; levofloxacin, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin were included in the antibiotic panel. About 63.4% of the isolates were susceptible to TMP-SMX with a resistance rate of 28.2%. The fluoroquinolones were more effective with susceptibilities ranging from 76% to 94.7%. Levofloxacin was the most effective fluoroquinolone tested. Phenotypic dectection of extended spectrum βββββ -lactamases (ESBLs) showed double disc synergy test (DDST) positivity in 59.5% of the isolates. Isolates exhibited nine different ESBL phenotypes, however, PCR amplification of the bla genes revealed four isolates that possessed genes belonging to the bla CTX-M group ( bla CTX-M-1 and bla CTX-M-8 groups). ESBL positive isolates appeared more susceptible to the fluoroquinolones compared to TMP-SMX. The fluoroquinolones are a possible alternative treatment option for S. maltophilia infections in this environment.