Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inferring the Demographics of Search Users When Social Data Met Search Queries

Knowing users’ views and demographic traits offers a great potential for personalizing web search results or related services such as query suggestion and query completion. Such signals however are often only available for a small fraction of search users, namely those who log in with their social network account and allow its use for personalization of search results. In this paper, we offer a solution to this problem by showing how user demographic traits such as age and gender, and even political and religious views can be efficiently and accurately inferred based on their search query histories. This is accomplished in two steps; we first train predictive models based on the publically available myPersonality dataset containing users’ Facebook Likes and their demographic information. We then match Facebook Likes with search queries using Open Directory Project categories. Finally, we apply the model trained on Facebook Likes to large-scale query logs of a commercial search engine while explicitly taking into account the difference between the traits distribution in both datasets. We find that the accuracy of classifying age and gender, expressed by the area under the ROC curve (AUC), are 77% and 84% respectively for predictions based on Facebook Likes, and only degrade to 74% and 80% when based on search queries. On a US state-by-state basis we find a Pearson correlation of 0.72 for political views between the predicted scores and Gallup data, and 0.54 for affiliation with Judaism between predicted scores and data from the US Religious Landscape Survey. We conclude that it is indeed feasible to infer important demographic data of users from their query history based on labelled Likes data and believe that this approach could provide valuable information for personalization and monetization even in the absence of demographic data. ∗The work was done during Bin’s internship at Microsoft Research Cambridge.
The Shapley Value of Games for Power Allocation Used in Cognitive Radio Networks

In this paper, we propose a new method of power allocation (PA) for cognitive radio networks. This method is based on the Shapley value of games. In this work we also take into account the average transmission power constraints for secondary users (SUs). An optimization problem associated with the power control policy is formulated on the basis of a given method. An algorithm is developed for the sake of finding the optimal solution of this problem. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed power control policy.
Childhood socioeconomic deprivation, but not current mood, is associated with behavioural disinhibition in adults

There is evidence to suggest that impulsivity is predicted by socioeconomic background, with people from more deprived backgrounds tending to be more impulsive, and by current mood, with poorer mood associated with greater impulsivity. However, impulsivity is not a unitary construct, and previous research in this area has focused on measures of ‘waiting’ impulsivity rather than behavioural disinhibition. We administered a standard measure of behavioural disinhibition, the stop-signal task, to 58 adult participants from a community sample. We had measured socioeconomic background using participant postcode at age 16, and assigned participants to receive either a neutral or a negative mood induction. We found no effects of mood on behavioural disinhibition, but we found a significant effect of socioeconomic background. Participants who had lived in more deprived postcodes at age 16 showed longer stop-signal reaction times, and hence greater behavioural disinhibition. The pattern was independent of participant age and overall reaction time. Though caution is required inferring causality from correlation, it is possible that that experiencing socioeconomic deprivation in childhood and adolescence may lead to greater behavioural disinhibition in adulthood.
CholesterolMethodologies : A Review

The introduction of enzymes as reagents into the methodologies of cholesterol determination (1-6) has drastically altered the limited strong-acid approaches taken by most analysts of the past 90 years (7-19). There has been a considerably heightened interest in determining the compound because of new diagnostic approaches such as hyperlipoprotein phenotyping (13) with the implied relationship of high cholesterol values as an underlying cause of cardiovascular disease (14,15), and abnormal cholesterol values in several other disease states (16, 17). From a historical point of view, modern cholesterol determinations had their beginnings’ in the late nineteenth century when Salkowski described a color reaction (18) for this analyte, which was isolated from gallstones about a century earlier (19). Three studies then gave impetus to what might be described as a great analytical chemistry movement for the determination of cholesterol, and these were the development of a practicable color reaction (20), its modification (21), and the discovery that digitonin precipitates cholesterol quantitatively and relatively easily (22). The latter was accomplished by Windaus, even though as late as 1928, in his Nobel Prize address, he described the cholesterol structure incorrectly, showing an ethyl group at carbon 10(23,24). When it was discovered that oxidation with selenium resulted in chrysene (25), and on the basis of x-ray measurements on the mycosterol, ergosterol, it was then believed that the ring nucleus of cholesterol was perhydrochrysene. Later, several investigators (26-28) concluded that the correct nucleus was cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene, a structure that seemed in harmony with data derived from earlier experimentations (24). The combination of a color reaction for quantification and digitonide precipitation for purification led to the first colorimetric procedure for serum (29), which was based on the gravimetric procedure of Windaus (22). By that time he had introduced saponification, a step that showed that some idea of the presence of free cholesterol
Complexity Theory in Organization Science: Seizing the Promise or Becoming a Fad?

Over the past thirty-five years complexity theory has become a broad ranging subject that is appreciated in a variety of ways, illustrated more or less in the books by Anderson, Arrow, and Pines (1988), Nicolis and Prigogine (1989), Mainzer (1994), Favre et al. (1995), Belew and Mitchell (1996), and Arthur, Durlauf, and Lane (1997). The study of “complex adaptive systems” (Cowan, Pines, and Meltzer, 1994) has become the ultimate interdisciplinary science, focusing its modeling activities on how microstate events, whether particles, molecules, genes, neurons, human agents, or firms, self-organize into emergent aggregate structure. Clearly, the mission of this and subsequent issues of Emergence is to systematically build up a base of high quality scientific activity aimed at supporting complexity applications to management and organization science— thereby thwarting faddish tendencies. In this founding issue I suggest a bottom-up focus on organizational microstates and the adoption of the “semantic conception” of scientific theory. The union of these two hallmarks of current science and philosophy, along with computational modeling, may prevent complexity theory from becoming just another fad.
PRIME : P 2 P Receiver-drIven MEsh-based Streaming

Peer-to-peer (P2P) streaming mechanisms support one-to-many delivery of streaming content without any especial support from the network. The goal of these mechanisms is to maximize delivered quality to individual peers with minimum buffer requirement at each peer in a scalable fashion. However, existing P2P streaming schemes can not achieve this goal because of their inability to effectively utilize the outgoing bandwidth of participating peers. This paper presents a new approach to live P2P streaming, called P2P Receiver-drIven MEsh-based Streaming, or PRIME. In PRIME, participating peers form a randomly connected and directed mesh-based overlay and incorporate a swarm-like delivery to effectively contribute their outgoing bandwidth. We present the design of PRIME and conduct detailed simulationbased evaluations. In particular, we illustrate the effect of perpeer packet scheduling, overlay properties, source behavior and peer population on system performance. Our evaluations shed an insightful light on fundamental tradeoffs in design of mesh-based P2P streaming mechanisms.
Pathways linking late-life depression to persistent cognitive impairment and dementia

There is a strong association between late-life depression, cognitive impairment, cerebrovascular disease, and poor cognitive outcomes, including progressive dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease. While neuroimaging evidence suggests that cerebrovascular disease plays a prominent role, it seems that depression alone may also confer substantial risk for developing Alzheimer's disease. The relationships between the prominent cerebrovascular changes, other structural abnormalities, specific forms of cognitive dysfunction, and increased risk for developing Alzheimer's disease among those with late-life depression have been difficult to reconcile. The varied findings suggest that there are likely multiple pathways to poor cognitive outcomes. We present a framework outlining multiple, non-mutually exclusive etiologic links between depression, cognitive impairment, and progressive decline, including dementia. Importantly, the model is both testable and falsifiable. Going forward, using models such as this to inform research should accelerate knowledge acquisition on the depressionldemeniia relationship thai may be useful for dementia prevention, monitoring the impact of depression treatment on clinical status and course of illness.
Association of Cerebral Networks in Resting State with Sexual Preference of Homosexual Men: A Study of Regional Homogeneity and Functional Connectivity

Recent imaging studies have shown that brain morphology and neural activity during sexual arousal differ between homosexual and heterosexual men. However, functional differences in neural networks at the resting state is unknown. The study is to characterize the association of homosexual preference with measures of regional homogeneity and functional connectivity in the resting state. Participants were 26 healthy homosexual men and 26 age-matched healthy heterosexual men in whom we collected echo planar magnetic resonance imaging data in the resting state. The sexual orientation was evaluated using the Kinsey Scale. We first assessed group differences in regional homogeneity and then, taking the identified differences as seed regions, we compared groups in measures of functional connectivity from those seeds. The behavioral significances of the differences in regional homogeneity and functional connectivity were assessed by examining their associations with Kinsey Scores. Homosexual participants showed significantly reduced regional homogeneity in the left inferior occipital gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, right superior occipital gyrus, left cuneus, right precuneus, and increased regional homogeneity in rectal gyrus, bilateral midbrain, and left temporal lobe. Regional homogeneity correlated positively with Kinsey scores in the left inferior occipital gyrus. The homosexual group also showed reduced functional connectivity between left middle temporal gyrus, left supra-marginal gyrus, right cuneus and the seed region, i.e. left inferior occipital gyrus. Additionly, the connection between the left inferior occipital gyrus and right thalamus correlated positively with Kinsey scores. These differences in regional homogeneity and functional connectivity may contribute to a better understanding of the neural basis of male sexual orientation.
Comparative Analyses of Scheduler

Hadoop is in large demand within the market currently days. As there large quantity of information is lying within the trade however there's not tool to handle it. Hadoop will enforce on low price hardware and might be utilized by giant set of audience on sizable amount of dataset. In hadoop map reduce is that the most vital part in hadoop. In this paper we have discussed the difference between Hadoop and RDBMS; different scheduling issues that why we need scheduling, and also explain the comparison among widely used schedulers.
Starmerella neotropicalis f. a., sp. nov., a yeast species found in bees and pollen.

A novel yeast species was found repeatedly and in high cell densities in underground-nesting stingless bees of the species Melipona quinquefasciata and their provisions in northern Minas Gerais (Brazil). One additional strain was isolated from bee-collected pollen in Cuba. Phylogenetic analyses based on rRNA gene sequences (D1/D2 large subunit gene and internal transcribed spacer) indicated that the novel species belongs to the Starmerella clade and is most closely related to Candida (iter. nom. Starmerella) apicola. Growth reactions on carbon and nitrogen sources were typical of those observed in related species of the Starmerella clade. PCR-fingerprinting with mini- and microsatellite specific primers allowed the distinction of the novel species from Candida apicola, Candida bombi and a yet undescribed species represented by strain CBS 4353. On the basis of phylogenetic relationships, the novel species is assigned to the genus Starmerella despite the failure to observe sexual reproduction after extensive mating tests. We propose the name Starmerella neotropicalis f. a. , sp. nov. (Mycobank MB 804285) and designate UFMG PST 09(T) ( = MUCL 53320(T) = CBS 12811(T)) as the type strain.
Comparison of Endotracheal Intubation Through I-gel and Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway

Received: February 11, 2016 Revised: June 24, 2016 Accepted: June 24, 2016 Abstract: Background: Supraglottic airway devices (SADs) are very useful airway adjunct in managing anticipated and unanticipated difficult airway and can be used as a ventilating aid and as a conduit for tracheal intubation. The new versions of SADs like i-gel and intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA), have advantage of hands-free airway maintenance without the need for tracheal intubation, they can be placed easily without direct visualization of the larynx, ensure predictable ventilation and can be used as conduit for tracheal intubation.
Improved /spl psi/-APEX algorithm for digital image compression

In this work we derive an improvement of /spl psi/-APEX (adaptive principal component extractor) neural algorithms, based on a laterally-connected neural architecture, which arises from an optimization theory specialized for this topology. Such a class contains, as a special case, an APEX-like algorithm, but it also contains a subclass of algorithms that show interesting convergence features when compared with the original one.
A Rate of Convergence for Mixture Proportion Estimation, with Application to Learning from Noisy Labels

Mixture proportion estimation (MPE) is a fundamental tool for solving a number of weakly supervised learning problems – supervised learning problems where label information is noisy or missing. Previous work on MPE has established a universally consistent estimator. In this work we establish a rate of convergence for mixture proportion estimation under an appropriate distributional assumption, and argue that this rate of convergence is useful for analyzing weakly supervised learning algorithms that build on MPE. To illustrate this idea, we examine an algorithm for classification in the presence of noisy labels based on surrogate risk minimization, and show that the rate of convergence for MPE enables proof of the algorithm’s consistency. Finally, we provide a practical implementation of mixture proportion estimation and demonstrate its efficacy in classification with noisy labels.
Surface-based geometric modeling using task-oriented teaching trees

In robot motion planning, geometric modeling plays an important role. Generally the shapes of objects such as factory products can be stored in a computer software database, so the elements that need to be decided are positions and orientations. In this paper surface-based geometric modeling using a task-oriented teaching tree is proposed. In this modeling, combinations of surfaces for deciding positions and orientations of objects are represented in a depth-first tree based on a kind of task. Therefore, the operator can choose easily one combination out of several compared with the obtained data. Moreover a geometric model of the object suited to the manipulation task can be obtained.
9 Player Experience

In computer science, the concept of user experience has proven to be beneficial in order to improve the quality of interaction between software and its users, by taking users’ emotions and attitudes into account. In general, user experience focuses on interaction. As not only interaction (e.g., good usability) is of importance for players, this chapter discusses how the concept of user experience can not only be applied to serious games, but also how it can be extended in order to cover the characteristics of games as a special software. For this refined concept, the term player experience has been coined. First, the concept of player experience is introduced in this chapter. The adequate conceptualization of player experience requires differentiating specific dimensions like (game-) flow, immersion, challenge, tension, competence, and emotions. Because of the individual nature of player experience, psychological models need to be used for the conceptualization as they are able to reflect this multidimensional structure. In addition, interdisciplinary models are needed in order to address the various factors influencing player experience. This ensures a holistic approach. Second, the question how to measure player experience is discussed. Here, different levels J. Wiemeyer (&) Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany e-mail: wiemeyer@sport.tu-darmstadt.de L. Nacke University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada C. Moser University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria F. ‘Floyd’ Mueller RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 R. Dörner et al. (eds.), Serious Games, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-40612-1_9 243 have to be distinguished: Behavior, physiological reactions, and subjective experience. Finally, it is shown how knowledge about player experience can be employed to develop serious games systematically and to improve their quality.
A Multi-Level Framework for Bisection Heuristics

The Figure on the front page represents the Mutli-Level Technique. The graph G 0 is iteratively reduced in size up to G 4. Then a bisection is computed on G 4 which in the Figure is represented by a dark line. This bisecion is then iteratively projected back to G 0 over G 3 , G 2 , and G 1. In each projection the bisection is rened. In the Figure these rened bisections are represented by the gray lines. Erklärung Ich erkläre hiermit, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit selbständig verfasst und keine anderen als die angegebenen Quellen und Hilfsmittel verwendet habe.
Atmospheric Boundaries in Lightness Perception

In judging the lightness of a surface, an observer must estimate and discount the optical viewing conditions: these include illumination level, haze, and interposed filters. The physical effects can be captured in terms of additive and multiplicative factors, which we call ‘atmosphere’. Local atmosphere can be estimated by gathering gray-level statistics over a local window. If the window is too small, the statistics will be impoverished. If the window is too large, it may encompass multiple atmospheres, making the statistics unreliable. We find evidence that the visual system imposes limits on the size and shape of the window, in accord with configural cues that signal atmospheric boundaries. Junctions with proper gray-level arrangements offer powerful cues to atmospheric boundaries; T-, X-, and psi-junctions are especially important. By combining statistics and configural cues, we have generated new lightness illusions that are much stronger than those seen in typical simultaneous-contrast displays. By changing the junctions we can also generate illusions that are quite weak, also in accord with the model.
Functional expression and characterization of Aedes aegypti dopachrome conversion enzyme.

A full-length mosquito dopachrome conversion enzyme (DCE) and its truncated form lacking the last 54 carboxyl-terminal amino acid residues are expressed using a baculovirus/insect cell expression system. The full-length recombinant DCE displayed multiple bands during native PAGE with substrate staining, but only one active band was detected when the truncated recombinant DCE was analyzed under identical analysis conditions. Our data suggest that the last 50 some carboxyl-terminal residues are involved in the polymerization of the DCE molecules and that the proposed DCE isozymes likely reflect the presence of multimers of the same DCE molecules. The significance of the recombinant DCE in accelerating the melanization pathway is demonstrated by a rapid production of melanin in a dopa and tyrosinase reaction mixture in the presence of recombinant DCE. The DCE sequence data obtained in our previous study, together with results of functional expression and biochemical characterization achieved in this study, provide a necessary reference for the study of other insect DCEs.
[A study on histochemistry and electron microscopy of corneal nerves in experimental diabetic rabbits].

OBJECTIVE To observe the changes of corneal nerves in diabetes mellitus. METHODS Alloxan-induced diabetes in rabbits was used as the experimental model. Histochemical techniques and electron microscopy were applied to examine the corneal nerves. RESULTS In the diabetic rabbits, from 6 weeks, the density of nerve plexus became markedly sparser, the fibers thinner and the activity of nerves lower than those of the control group. Ultrastructural changes showed swelling of axons, irregular distribution of fibril and degeneration of mitochondria of varying degree; with the progress of disease the above changes became more marked gradually. CONCLUSION The abnormal corneal nerve changes might be a pathologic basis for the reduction in corneal sensitivity in diabetes.