Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glutathione Peroxidase Degrades Intracellular Hydrogen Peroxide and Thereby Inhibits Intracellular Protein Iodination in Thyroid Epithelium.

Protein iodination in the thyroid is largely confined to the surface of the epithelium. Intracellular iodine binding is insignificant. We have tested our hypothesis that the key mechanism in the control of intracellular iodination is the control of the intracellular availability of H2O2. The sites of iodination were identified by locating bound radioiodine in electron microscopic autoradiographs, produced from porcine thyroid epithelium grown on filter in Transwell bicameral culture chambers. Autoradiographs obtained after standard incubations with 125I for 15 min to 3 h were all characterized by concentrations of autoradiographic grains along the external surface of the plasma membrane and very few grains over the cytoplasm. The presence of 10 μm H2O2 in the incubation medium resulted in a drastically changed labeling pattern now showing a dissemination of grains over the entire cytoplasm. Epithelia with elevated GSH peroxidase activity produced autoradiographs showing the same restriction of grains to t.
Metabolic Fate of Ellagitannins: Implications for Health, and Research Perspectives for Innovative Functional Foods

Consumption of dietary ellagitannins (ETs) has been associated with different health benefits. Nonetheless, ETs are not bioavailable as such and are metabolized in vivo. They are partially converted into ellagic acid (EA) in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but this first metabolite is also poorly bioavailable. In the lower GI tract, EA and residual ETs are metabolized by gut microbiota to produce urolithins, which, together with their conjugate relatives, persist at relatively high concentrations in plasma and urine for days after ingestion of dietary ETs. Thus, ETs and EA may exert local health benefits on the GI tract but systemic health benefits are more likely to result from urolithins. Cellular models suggest that, at physiological concentration, urolithins are active against chronic degenerative diseases. Health benefits have been proven in animal models and during clinical studies. Even so, the crucial involvement of gut microbiota in ET bioconversion induces important variability of physiological response among humans, giving rise to the concept of high and low urolithin producers. This variability among consumers in obtaining potential health benefits from dietary ETs raises new challenges for the functional food industry. Different research perspectives are discussed to tackle this significant issue for nutritionists, food technologists, and consumers.
Fractionation of a chick growth depressing factor from rye.

Abstract Four experiments were conducted to study the growth depressing effect of rye in diets of young chicks. Rye was extracted with acetone in an attempt to duplicate results obtained by others working with rats or pigs. Rye was also extracted with water and the water soluble fraction was dried by different procedures. The distillate obtained by heat evaporation of water extract of rye was further fractionated using petroleum ether. All fractions obtained were incorporated in diets for chicks at levels approximately equivalent to those rye would supply in a diet formulated with this grain. Chicks received the different dietary treatments from day of age to two weeks of age. Data were collected on body weight, feed efficiency and feces condition. The results indicate that acetone extraction of rye had no effect on the growth depressing properties of this grain or on the sticky feces condition associated with its use in poultry feeding. Chicks receiving diets containing water extracted rye grew significantly better and had better feed efficiency than chicks on rye diets. Feces condition was significantly improved by the water extraction process and the dried water extract caused the sticky feces condition when added to a diet containing corn as the grain. Lyophilized water extract of rye was growth depressing whereas water extract dried by heat evaporation did not depress growth. The petroleum ether extract of the distillate of water soluble fraction of rye had no effect on chick growth or feed efficiency.
New Ways of Accessing Information Spaces Using 3D Multitouch Tables

Multitouch-Multiuser Table Computing is the new paradigm for accessing rich information in public spaces. As revolutionary natural user interfaces provide new ways of interacting with virtual information spaces, visual information developers must rethink their methodologies in the design of new applications that augments multiple user interaction and collaboration. This paper addresses a specific aspect of the multitouch-multiuser paradigm for virtual artefacts. Particularly, the paper addresses pilot developments of 3D multitouch-multiuser table applications in the presentation of heritage information in order to begin to qualitatively understand group behavior and user interactions on 3D information spaces using touch. The qualitative observations here pave the way for more structured quantitative usability studies.
Meaning Representation and Text Planning

The data flow in natural language generation (NLG) starts with a 'world' state, represented by structures of an application program (e.g., an expert system) that has text generation needs and an impetus to produce a natural language text. The output of generation is a natural language text. The generation process involves the tasks of a) delimiting the content of the eventual text, b) plano ning its structure, c) selecting lexieal, syntactic and word order me,'ms of realizing this structure and d) actually realizing the textusing the latter. In advanced generation systems these processes are treated not in a monolithic way, but rather as components of a large, modular generator. NLG researchers experiment with various ways of delimiting the modules of the generation process and control architectures to drive these modules (see, for instance, McKeown, 1985, Hovy, 1987 or Meteer, 1989). But regardless of the decisions about general (intermodular) or local (intramodular) control flow, knowledge structures have to be defined to support processing and facilitate communication among the modules. The natural language generator DIOGENES(e.g., Nirenburg et al., 1989) has been originally designed for use in machine translation. This means that the content delimitation stage is unnecessary, as the set of meanings to be realized by the generator is obtained in machine translationas a result of source text analysis. The first processing component in DIOGENES is, therefore, its text planner which, takes as input a text meaning representation (TMR) and a set of static pragmatic factors (similar to Hovy's (1987) rhetorical goals) and produces a text plan (TP), a structure containing information about the order and boundaries of target language sentences; the decisions about reference realization and lexical selection, t At the next stage, a set of semantics-to-syntax mapping rules are used to produce a set of target-language syntactic structures (we are using the f-structures of LFG see, e.g., Nirenburg and Levin, 1989). Finally, a syntactic realizer produces a target language text from the set of f-structures. To produce texts of adequate quality, natural language generation needs a sufficiently expressive input language. In this paper we discuss several important aspects of the knowledge and the processing at the text planning stage of a generation system. First, we describe a comprehensive language processing paradigm which underlies work on both generation and analysis of natural language in our environment. Next, we illustrate the features of our meaning representation languages, the text meaning representation language TAMERLAN and the text plan representation language TPL. Finally, we describe the mechanism of text planning in DIOGENES and illustrate the formalism and the strategy for acquiring text planning rules.
Building a Platform for Performance Study of Various Music Information Retrieval Approaches

In this paper, we describe the Ultima project which aims to construct a platform for evaluating various approaches of music information retrieval. Three approaches with the corresponding tree-based, list-based, and ( n -gram+tree)-based index structures are implemented. A series of experiments has been carried out. With the support of the experiment results, we compare the performance of index construction and query processing of the three approaches and give a summary for efficient content-based music information retrieval.
Cardiac arrest following tourniquet release: Needs attention!

In our case, most likely cause for cardiac arrest is reperfusion syndrome caused by excessive tourniquet pressure leading to sudden hypotension, metabolic acidosis and hyperkalemia after 5 min of tourniquet release. Pulmonary embolism is unlikely because of absence of specific symptoms and response of the patient to conventional management without need of specific therapy for embolism. To prevent these complications we suggest the following: 1. Use limb occlusion pressure as a reference for inflating pressure limit instead of predetermined fixed pressure range by surgeon. [5] 2. Never exceed the safe limit of tourniquet pressure and duration, deflate the tourniquet for short intervals of 10-15 min if the safe period has elapsed. 3. Deflation of tourniquet should be done slowly, and bolus of i.v fluid should be given before deflation. 4. Aggressive monitoring during deflation time because most of the fatal complications are known to occur at this time.
Trevisan's Extractor in the Presence of Quantum Side Information

Randomness extraction involves the processing of purely classical information and is therefore usually studied with in the framework of classical probability theory. However, such a classical treatment is generally too restrictive for applications where side information about the values taken by classical random variables may be represented by the state of a quantum system. This is particularly relevant in the context of cryptography, where an adversary may make use of quantum devices. Here, we show that the well-known construction paradigm for extractors proposed by Trevisan is sound in the presence of quantum side information. We exploit the modularity of this paradigm to give several concrete extractor constructions, which, e.g., extract all the conditional (smooth) min-entropy of the source using a seed of length polylogarithmic in the input, or only require the seed to be weakly random.
Antagonism to and Intracellular Sequestration of Human Tetherin by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Envelope Glycoprotein

ABSTRACT Tetherin (CD317/BST-2), an interferon-induced membrane protein, restricts the release of nascent retroviral particles from infected cell surfaces. While human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encodes the accessory gene vpu to overcome the action of tetherin, the lineage of primate lentiviruses that gave rise to HIV-2 does not. It has been previously reported that the HIV-2 envelope glycoprotein has a Vpu-like function in promoting virus release. Here we demonstrate that the HIV-2 Rod envelope glycoprotein (HIV-2 Rod Env) is a tetherin antagonist. Expression of HIV-2 Rod Env, but not that of HIV-1 or the closely related simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) SIVmac1A11, counteracts tetherin-mediated restriction of Vpu-defective HIV-1 in a cell-type-specific manner. This correlates with the ability of the HIV-2 Rod Env to mediate cell surface downregulation of tetherin. Antagonism requires an endocytic motif conserved across HIV/SIV lineages in the gp41 cytoplasmic tail, but specificity for tetherin is governed by extracellular determinants in the mature Env protein. Coimmunoprecipitation studies suggest an interaction between HIV-2 Rod Env and tetherin, but unlike studies with Vpu, we found no evidence of tetherin degradation. In the presence of HIV-2 Rod Env, tetherin localization is restricted to the trans-Golgi network, suggesting Env-mediated effects on tetherin trafficking sequester it from virus assembly sites on the plasma membrane. Finally, we recapitulated these observations in HIV-2-infected CD4+ T-cell lines, demonstrating that tetherin antagonism and sequestration occur at physiological levels of Env expression during virus replication.
Phenotypic and Functional Alterations of Dendritic Cells Induced by Human Herpesvirus 6 Infection

ABSTRACT Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) has a tropism for T lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages, suggesting that HHV-6 infection affects the immunosurveillance system. In the present study, we investigated the HHV-6-induced phenotypic and functional alterations of dendritic cells (DCs), which are professional antigen-presenting cells. HHV-6 infection of monocyte-derived immature DCs appeared to induce the up-regulation of CD80, CD83, CD86, and HLA class I and class II molecules, suggesting that HHV-6 infection induces the maturation of DCs. In addition, the antigen capture capacity of DCs was found to decrease following infection with HHV-6. In contrast to up-regulation of mature-DC-associated surface molecules on HHV-6-infected DCs, their capacity for presentation of alloantigens and exogenous virus antigens to T lymphocytes decreased significantly from that of uninfected DCs. In contrast, there appeared to be no reduction in the capacity for presentation of an HLA class II-binding peptide to the peptide-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes. These data indicate that HHV-6 infection induces phenotypic alterations and impairs the antigen presentation capacity of DCs. The present data also suggest that the dysfunction of HHV-6-infected DCs is attributable mainly to impairment of the antigen capture and intracellular antigen-processing pathways.
Characterization of the bone-implant interface and numerical analysis of implant vibrational behavior for a mechanics based preoperative planning of total hip arthroplasty

This thesis work is concerned with the enhancement of three-dimensional preoperative planning (P3D) tools for total hip reconstruction. When cementless implants are used, primary stability is vital for a good osseointegration. For this, a correct selection of the size and position of the implant is necessary. The surgeon may use P3D based on the computed tomography scanner of the patient’s hip to optimally select the implant’s size and anticipate the final implant’s position. Available planning methods lack a mechanical criterion reflecting the actual quality of the bone-implant contact. In this work we propose a method to improve P3D using a vibrational finite element analysis to calculate patient-specific mechanical parameters representative of primary stability. We found that the modal response of the stem is very sensitive to changes of the area and apparent stiffness of the bone-implant interface. A clear transition between loose and tight contact allowed the definition of thresholds that could potentially discriminate between a stable and an unstable stem. We also studied the effect of the broaching procedure and its relevance for P3D. The effect of broaching on bone microstructure at the bone-implant interface was analyzed using cadaveric samples and micro-computed tomography. A mapping of the stiffness of bone in contact with the implant was obtained with indentation on the same cadaveric samples.
Higher Order Nonlinearity of Niho Functions

The r-th order nonlinearity of Boolean functions is an important cryptographic criterion associated with some attacks on stream and block ciphers. It is also very useful in coding theory, since it is related to the covering radii of Reed-Muller codes. In this paper we investigate the lower bound of the higher-order nonlinearity of Niho Boolean functions fx = trλxd over F2n, where $\lambda \isin F_2_n^*$, $d = 2^{n-1/2} + 2^{n-1/4}-1$ when n = 1 mod 4 or $d = 2^{n-1/2} + 2^{3n-1/4}-1$ when n = 3 mod 4.
Phenotypes and genotypes in individuals with SMC1A variants

SMC1A encodes one of the proteins of the cohesin complex. SMC1A variants are known to cause a phenotype resembling Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS). Exome sequencing has allowed recognizing SMC1A variants in individuals with encephalopathy with epilepsy who do not resemble CdLS. We performed an international, interdisciplinary study on 51 individuals with SMC1A variants for physical and behavioral characteristics, and compare results to those in 67 individuals with NIPBL variants. For the Netherlands all known individuals with SMC1A variants were studied, both with and without CdLS phenotype. Individuals with SMC1A variants can resemble CdLS, but manifestations are less marked compared to individuals with NIPBL variants: growth is less disturbed, facial signs are less marked (except for periocular signs and thin upper vermillion), there are no major limb anomalies, and they have a higher level of cognitive and adaptive functioning. Self‐injurious behavior is more frequent and more severe in the NIPBL group. In the Dutch group 5 of 13 individuals (all females) had a phenotype that shows a remarkable resemblance to Rett syndrome: epileptic encephalopathy, severe or profound intellectual disability, stereotypic movements, and (in some) regression. Their missense, nonsense, and frameshift mutations are evenly spread over the gene. We conclude that SMC1A variants can result in a phenotype resembling CdLS and a phenotype resembling Rett syndrome. Resemblances between the SMC1A group and the NIPBL group suggest that a disturbed cohesin function contributes to the phenotype, but differences between these groups may also be explained by other underlying mechanisms such as moonlighting of the cohesin genes.
Desvenlafaxine for major depressive disorder: incremental clinical benefits from a second-generation serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

Importance of the field: Genetic and pharmacologically-driven variations in common mechanisms involved in the disposition of antidepressant medications may contribute to variable interpatient response. This review describes the pharmacological properties underlying the safety and efficacy of desvenlafaxine, a second-generation serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). Areas covered in this review: Literature published between January 2006 and September 2010 evaluating desvenlafaxine was reviewed. What will the reader gain: Desvenlafaxine therapy is initiated at the therapeutic dose (50 mg/day) without a need for dose titration. Desvenlafaxine metabolism and distribution are not appreciably affected by altered function of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes or permeability glycoprotein (P-gp). Desvenlafaxine has clinically insignificant effects on the activity of CYP and P-gp. The efficacy of desvenlafaxine in treating major depressive disorder has been established. Adverse events are characteristic of the SNRI class. Notably, the rate of discontinuation due to adverse events with the 50 mg/day recommended therapeutic dose is comparable to that seen with placebo. Take home message: Incremental benefits with desvenlafaxine, derived from straight-forward dosing, a simple metabolic profile and lack of interaction with active transporter P-gp and CYP enzymes may contribute to more consistent response, good tolerability and lower incidence of drug–drug interactions with concomitant medications.
A Comparison of Parallel and Sequential Niching Methods

Niching methods extend genetic algorithms to domains that require the location of multiple solutions. This study examines and compares four niching methods | sharing, crowding, sequential niching, and parallel hillclimbing. It focuses on the diierences between parallel and sequential niching. The niching methods undergo rigorous testing on optimization and classiication problems of increasing diiculty. A niching-based technique is introduced that extends genetic algorithms to classiication problems.
Mental Health Services Required after Disasters: Learning from the Lasting Effects of Disasters

Disasters test civil administrations' and health services' capacity to act in a flexible but well-coordinated manner because each disaster is unique and poses unusual challenges. The health services required differ markedly according to the nature of the disaster and the geographical spread of those affected. Epidemiology has shown that services need to be equipped to deal with major depressive disorder and grief, not just posttraumatic stress disorder, and not only for victims of the disaster itself but also the emergency service workers. The challenge is for specialist advisers to respect and understand the existing health care and support networks of those affected while also recognizing their limitations. In the initial aftermath of these events, a great deal of effort goes into the development of early support systems but the longer term needs of these populations are often underestimated. These services need to be structured, taking into account the pre-existing psychiatric morbidity within the community. Disasters are an opportunity for improving services for patients with posttraumatic psychopathology in general but can later be utilized for improving services for victims of more common traumas in modern society, such as accidents and interpersonal violence.
Organization of Organelles within Hyphae of Ashbya gossypii Revealed by Electron Tomography

ABSTRACT Ashbya gossypii grows as multinucleated and constantly elongating hyphae. Nuclei are in continuous forward and backward motion, also move during mitosis, and frequently bypass each other. Whereas these nuclear movements are well documented, comparatively little is known about the density and morphology of organelles which very likely influence these movements. To understand the three-dimensional subcellular organization of hyphae at high resolution, we performed large-scale electron tomography of the tip regions in A. gossypii. Here, we present a comprehensive space-filling model in which most membrane-limited organelles including nuclei, mitochondria, endosomes, multivesicular bodies, vacuoles, autophagosomes, peroxisomes, and vesicles are modeled. Nuclei revealed different morphologies and protrusions filled by the nucleolus. Mitochondria are very abundant and form a tubular network with a polarized spherical fraction. The organelles of the degradative pathways show a clustered organization. By analyzing vesicle-like bodies, we identified three size classes of electron-dense vesicles (∼200, ∼150, and ∼100 nm) homogeneously distributed in the cytoplasm which most likely represent peroxisomes. Finally, coated and uncoated vesicles with approximately 40-nm diameters show a polarized distribution toward the hyphal tip with the coated vesicles preferentially localizing at the hyphal periphery.
Chromatographic benefits of elevated temperature for the proteomic analysis of membrane proteins

Integral membrane proteins (IMPs) perform crucial cellular functions and are the primary targets for most pharmaceutical agents. However, the hydrophobic nature of their membrane‐embedded domains and their intimate association with lipids make them difficult to handle. Numerous proteomic platforms that include LC separations have been reported for the high‐throughput profiling of complex protein samples. However, there are still many challenges to overcome for proteomic analyses of IMPs, especially as compared to their soluble counterparts. In particular, considerations for the technical challenges associated with chromatographic separations are just beginning to be investigated. Here, we review the benefits of using elevated temperatures during LC for the proteomic analysis of complex membrane protein samples.