Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The kinetics of recovery in irradiated colonic mucosa of the mouse

There is an increasing interest in radiotherapy as a pre or postoperative adjuvant to surgery in the curative treatment of rectosigmoid cancer. This is a concept completely unrelated to palliative treatment, and therefore we need to understand the response of incidentally irradiated intestine in order that maximally curative doses of radiotherapy may be used safely. There are two aspects of radiation injury: early mucosal injury and late fibrosis. We have studied the acute response of colonic mucosa of the mouse to single and multiple doses of gamma rays. The radiosensitivity of colonic mucosal cells is similar to that of other cells of epithelial origin, both normal and neoplastic. Two factors predominate in the response of colonic mucosa to multifraction irradiation: A) the ability of cells to repair non‐lethal radiation damage between dose‐fractions; and B) the regenerative capacity of surviving cells. We have studied these two aspects of the response of colonic mucosa and other cell renewal systems and shall discuss our results. Briefly, the capacity of colonic mucosa to repair nonlethal damage is similar to that of other epithelial cells. Although we do not have direct proof, it is likely from available radiobiology studies that neoplastic cells and normal cells are equally capable of this repair. However, the normal mucosa possesses a great capacity for regeneration, and this is probably the mechanism that provides the radiotherapist with a margin of safety in the postoperative treatment of residual small deposits of rectosigmoid cancer.
Toward Anthropomimetic Robotics: Development, Simulation, and Control of a Musculoskeletal Torso

Anthropomimetic robotics differs from conventional approaches by capitalizing on the replication of the inner structures of the human body, such as muscles, tendons, bones, and joints. Here we present our results of more than three years of research in constructing, simulating, and, most importantly, controlling anthropomimetic robots. We manufactured four physical torsos, each more complex than its predecessor, and developed the tools required to simulate their behavior. Furthermore, six different control approaches, inspired by classical control theory, machine learning, and neuroscience, were developed and evaluated via these simulations or in small-scale setups. While the obtained results are encouraging, we are aware that we have barely exploited the potential of the anthropomimetic design so far. But, with the tools developed, we are confident that this novel approach will contribute to our understanding of morphological computation and human motor control in the future.
Sosyal Değerler Emek ve Sosyal Edebiyata Dair Bazı Düşünceler

It can be told that social values those principles or instruments measures of people’s activities and behaviors, to serve for their physical and spiritual needs, principles or instruments that separate them from other beings. The leading feature of social values is being measure (or criteria) of our activities and behaviors. Namely, social values offers dimensions and criteria on understanding of what is right and wrong, good and evil, beautiful and ugly, justice and tyranny. Other features of social values are, to be unique to human beings, to be universal, to be a double pole, integrity and parallel to each other. In addition, to have social values give happiness to us as people; the lack of social values gives unhappiness. The need of social values is on all of our needs. It is important and necessary to focus on if social values built up a system in itself or how to classify the social values. At the end, we can distinguish social values in two types of material values and spiritual values. Labor is also a social value that a mix of both material and spiritual values. On the other hand, literature is included in aesthetic value which is another social value. So, literature has to head towards more social problems and has to shift towards the level of social literature.
Combinatorial function of the homeodomain proteins Nkx2.1 and Gsh2 in ventral telencephalic patterning

Regional patterning of the mammalian telencephalon requires the function of three homeodomain-containing transcription factors, Pax6, Gsh2 and Nkx2.1. These factors are required for the development of the dorsal, lateral and medial domains of the telencephalon, respectively. Previous work has indicated that two of the genes encoding these factors, Pax6 and Gsh2, cross-repress one another in the formation of the border between dorsal and lateral region of the telencephalon. Here, we examine whether similar interactions are responsible for the establishment of other boundaries of telencephalic gene expression. Surprisingly, despite the fact that, at specific times in development, both Pax6 and Gsh2 maintain a complementary pattern of expression with Nkx2.1, in neither case are these boundaries maintained through a similar cross-repressive mechanism. Rather, as revealed by analysis of double-mutant mice, Nkx2.1 and Gsh2 act cooperatively in many aspects to pattern the ventral telencephalon. By contrast, as indicated by both loss- and gain-of-function analysis, Gsh2 expression in the medial ganglionic eminence after E10.5 may negatively regulate Nkx2.1 dependent specification of oligodendrocytes. Therefore, both integrative and antagonistic interactions between homeodomain-containing transcription factors contribute to the patterning of the telencephalon.
Runoff and suspended sediment yields from an unpaved road segment, St John, US Virgin Islands

Unpaved roads are believed to be the primary source of terrigenous sediments being delivered to marine ecosystems around the island of St John in the eastern Caribbean. The objectives of this study were to: (1) measure runoff and suspended sediment yields from a road segment; (2) develop and test two event‐based runoff and sediment prediction models; and (3) compare the predicted sediment yields against measured values from an empirical road erosion model and from a sediment trap. The runoff models use the Green–Ampt infiltration equation to predict excess precipitation and then use either an empirically derived unit hydrograph or a kinematic wave to generate runoff hydrographs.
Belief-Propagation-Assisted Scheduling in Input-Queued Switches

We consider the problem of scheduling the transmission of packets in an input-queued switch. In order to achieve maximum throughput, scheduling algorithms usually employ the queue length as a parameter for determining the priority to serve a given queue. In this work, we propose a novel scheme to optimize the performance of a preexisting scheduler. Our main idea is to assist the scheduling decision, considering "messagesâ rather than queue lengths. Such messages are obtained by running an iterative parallel algorithm, inspired by a rigorous belief-propagation approach. We demonstrate that belief-propagation-assisted scheduling is able to boost the performance of a given scheduler, reaching almost optimal throughput, even under critical traffic scenarios.
Control Scheme for a Bidirectional Converter in a Self-Sustaining Low-Voltage DC Nanogrid

Local dc distribution systems or dc nanogrids for residential and commercial buildings are growing popular due to the increased focus on energy savings. Using low-voltage dc for the nanogrid provides various advantages such as easier integration with renewable sources and battery banks, increased savings, etc. Future systems would use renewable sources and storage devices to become self-sufficient in generation with bare minimum consumption from the grid. The objective of this paper is to develop an energy management system (EMS) to provide uninterrupted power supply to the dc loads and achieve self-sufficiency by minimizing grid power consumption. This is achieved by developing a control scheme for a cascaded two-stage bidirectional converter interface between the nanogrid and the ac distribution network. In addition, an empirical relation for power flow through the converter is obtained, and an optimal capacitor link voltage range is derived to achieve power transfer between rated limits. The efficacy of the proposed control algorithm for the EMS is analyzed and proved to be well suited for the self-sustained dc nanogrid. A 5-kVA prototype of the converter is designed and developed in hardware, and the system operation is verified with experimental results.
Surveillance and compensation claims for adverse events following immunization from 2011 to 2016 in the Republic of Korea

Purpose In recent years, research on reported adverse events following immunization (AEFI) and claims filed for compensation has been lacking. We reviewed reported AEFIs and compensation claims in Korea from 2011 to 2016. Materials and Methods We listed all of the AEFI registered in the Integrated Management System of Disease and Public Health and reviewed the list of claims filed and serious AEFIs reported from 2011 to 2016. Results An average of 278 AEFI cases was reported annually from 2011 to 2016. Of these, 31 deaths were reported. However, there was no association found between these deaths and vaccinations when evaluating vaccine lot, reviewing autopsies, and considering underlying diseases. AEFI reporting rate was as high as 20.8 cases for bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine, 7.3 cases for 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), and 5.4 cases for human papillomavirus vaccine per 100,000 vaccination doses in 2016. Of the 469 total cases that claimed vaccine injury compensation from 2011 to 2016, the BCG vaccine was most commonly involved, with 235 cases (50%), followed by influenza vaccine and PPV23, with 90 and 55 cases, respectively. Of these cases, 96% of BCG-related AEFI were compensated, while only 31% and 49% of AEFI following influenza and PPV23 vaccination, respectively, were compensated. Common characteristics of uncompensated cases included the elderly subjects, receiving influenza vaccine, having underlying disease, or a very short time interval between vaccination and symptoms. Conclusion We have maintained vaccine safety management system through both rapid response to serious AEFI and vaccine injury compensation in order to sustain public trust in the National Immunization Program.
Developing a Questionnaire to Assess Noise Exposure in Children and Teens

Until recently, children and teenagers were not thought to be an at-risk population for noise induced hearing loss (NIHL). As MP3 players have grown in popularity, there has been an increased awareness of possible noise exposure and hearing loss in children and teens. NIHL is a cumulative hearing loss that is due to repeated exposure to noise. Concerns about NIHL in children and teens are raised due to the opportunities for noise exposure that they may encounter in their daily environments. Children and teens can be exposed to potentially dangerous levels of noise during activities at school, part-time work, recreational activities, and even household chores (e.g. musical instruments, lawn mowers, dirt bikes, and vacuums). The need to identify, diagnose, and treat hearing loss, as close to the onset is crucial, especially for children. Hearing loss in children and teens impacts their speech perception, learning, self-image, and social skills. NIHL is virtually 100 percent preventable; therefore identifying any risk of NIHL as early as possible can stop its progression and severity. The present study attempts to develop a questionnaire to help identify children and teens at highest risk for NIHL. Mandated hearing screenings in schools provide an opportunity to reach those at risk. A noise exposure questionnaire may be a useful companion tool for the hearing screenings. Research about questionnaire development was completed to determine what survey format would be most effective. Items on the questionnaire were selected based on research regarding current concerns of NIHL and sources of noise exposure in children and teens. Five experts in the field of hearing conservation reviewed the questionnaire to address face validity. Comments provided by the experts were taken into consideration and the questionnaire was revised. In the future, a field trial of the questionnaire should be completed in order to correlate the results of the questionnaire to behavioral audiometric test results.
A 2-GS/s 8-bit Time-Interleaved SAR ADC for Millimeter-Wave Pulsed Radar Baseband SoC

This paper presents a 2-GS/s 8-bit 16 $\times$ time-interleaved (TI) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for a millimeter-wave pulsed radar baseband system-on-chip (SoC). To suppress sampling timing errors among sub-ADCs, a foreground timing-skew calibration technique with small additional circuits is proposed. Measured spurious-free dynamic range and signal-to-noise distortion ratio at 1-GHz full Nyquist is, therefore, enhanced by 16 and 11 dB, respectively. Unlike conventional calibration techniques based on redundant ADCs or complicated digital calculations, additional circuit components are only several small resistors and a capacitor, resulting in only 0.4% area penalty. This area saving enables the compact integration of the radar baseband SoC with digital beamforming, where eight-channel TI-ADCs occupy the dominant chip area otherwise. Even though this is foreground, no system performance is sacrificed because the calibration sequence is closed loop and fast enough to be executed during an existing calibration interval in a periodic beam transmission sequence. The TI-ADCs are embedded on industrial SoC in a 40-nm CMOS process. The power consumption including the input buffer and the reference buffer is 54.2 mW from a 1.1-V supply, and figure of merit is 355 fJ/conversion step.
Ingestion of yeast forms of Sporothrix schenckii by mouse peritoneal macrophages

The ingestion by thioglycolate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages of yeast forms of two strains of Sporothrix schenckii was studied. Yeast forms opsonized with concanavalin A (ConA) were extensively phagocytized, and the phagocytic indexes depended on the concentration of ConA and apparently on the number of lectin receptors at the yeast surface as well. Neuraminidase treatment of S. schenckii increased the ingestion of unopsonized yeasts 7.7-fold. The addition of monosaccharides and derivatives partially inhibited phagocytosis. Mannose, rhamnose, and galactose, which are major constituents of S. schenckii surface antigens, reduced the phagocytic indexes by 40 to 50%. Glucosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, and N-acetylneuraminic acid were equally effective as inhibitors of phagocytosis. A mixture of five neutral sugars and glucosamine inhibited phagocytosis by 73%. The inhibitory effect of simple sugars could be amplified by using neuraminidase-treated yeast cells. Pentoses and glucose were inactive or slightly inhibitory. A purified rhamnomannan inhibited phagocytosis of the homologous strain, whereas partially purified peptidopolysaccharides were toxic to peritoneal macrophages. A partially purified galactomannan from S. schenckii was inhibitory (62% inhibition), and a peptidopolysaccharide fraction in which the O-linked carbohydrate chains had been removed neither was toxic to macrophages nor inhibited phagocytosis. Pretreatment of macrophages with simple sugars under conditions inhibiting ingestion or binding of S. schenckii did not affect phagocytosis of latex particles or sensitized sheep erythrocytes. The presence of receptors at the peritoneal macrophages which bind S. schenckii cell surface components is suggested.
Effect of media on growth rate and susceptibility testing of Cryptococcus neoformans

Summary. The effect of four media or media combinations on the growth and the in vitro susceptibility to amphotericin B, 5‐fluorocytosine, fluconazole and itraconazole of 51 isolates of Cr. neoformans was studied. The drug concentration producing a 50% decrease in OD405 (IC50) was determined in microtiter format. The following MOPS buffered media or media combinations (antifungal drug diluent/inoculum diluent) were used: RPMI 1640 (RPMI)/RPMI, Yeast nitrogen base (YNB)/YNB, RPMI/YNB and RPMI/High resolution broth. Amphotericin B was further tested in M3 broth in the microdilution format and on RPMI agar with the E‐test. Growth rates (OD405) were higher in YNB, RPMI/YNB, RPMI/HR and M3 as compared to RPMI alone. After 48 h of incubation, IC50 values obtained with RPMI alone and with RPMI/YNB correlated within two dilutions for 98, 95, 95 and 100% of test strains with amphotericin B, 5–fluorocytosine, fluconazole and itraconazole respectively. The E‐test provided the widest range of IG values with amphotericin B. Growth of Cr. neoformans can be enhanced in susceptibility tests using microtiter plates with drugs diluted in RPMI by preparing the inoculum in YNB. However, when using spectrophotometric endpoint determinations, sufficient growth is obtainable with most isolates for test interpretation at 48 h in RPMI alone.
Desirable Difficulty and Other Predictors of Effective Item Orderings

Online adaptive tutoring systems are increasingly being used in classrooms as a way to provide guided learning for students. Such tutors have the potential to provide tailored feedback based on specific student needs and misunderstandings. Bayesian knowledge tracing (BKT) is used to model student knowledge when knowledge is assumed to be changing throughout a single assessment period. The basic BKT model assumes that the chance a student transitions from ”not knowing”to ”knowing”after each item is the same, with each item in the tutor considered a learning opportunity. It could be the case, however, that learning is actually context sensitive; context in our analysis is the order in which the items were administered. In this paper, we use BKT models to find such context sensitive transition probabilities in a mathematics tutoring system and offer a methodology to test the significance of our model based findings. We employ cross validation techniques to find models where including item ordering context improves predictive capability compared to the base BKT models. We then use regression testing to try to find features that may predict the effectiveness of an item ordering.
The Malay-Translated Version Of The Aggression Questionnaire (AQ): The Validity And The Identification Of Types Of Aggression Among Female Prisoners

Objectives: The aim of this study is to validate the Malay version of the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) for the purpose of the future study related to aggression. Furthermore, the study seeks to identify types of aggression hold by the female inmates. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed involving 90 Malaysian female prisoners. The analyses include descriptive analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability testing. After one-week interval, a test-retest was conducted. Results: The preliminary analysis confirmed that factor analysis was appropriate for the Malay-translated version of the AQ. The four factors structure was assessed but the factor loadings are remarkable different from the original versions. The total Cronbach's alpha coefficients is very high (a= 0.91). The Pearson's correlation however is low (r = 0.48) but acceptable for the instrument. Reliability of the subscales and the factors were also found satisfactory. Consequently, anger and hostility were identified as the most common types of aggression among the participants, followed by verbal aggression. In contrast, physical aggression was the least scored type of aggression. Conclusion: The Malay-translated version of the AQ was found to be valid and reliable to be used in future studies. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 12 (2): July – December 2012: XX XX .
Acoustic Model Adaptation Based on Tensor Analysis of Training Models

We present a tensor analysis of acoustic models comprising various speakers in multiple noise conditions, and its application to the new speaker and environment adaptation for speech recognition. The bases used in adaptation are constructed by decomposing the training models in the state, feature dimension, speaker, and noise spaces using multilinear singular value decomposition. The isolated-word recognition experiment demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method, showing better performance than eigenvoice in the babble and factory floor noises for the adaptation data longer than approximately 20 s.
On the Strength of Proof-irrelevant Type Theories

We present a type theory with some proof-irrelevance built into the conversion rule. We argue that this feature is particularly useful when type theory is used as the logical formalism underlying a theorem prover. We also show a close relation with the subset types of the theory of PVS. Finally we show that in these theories, because of the additional extentionality, the axiom of choice implies the decidability of equality, that is, almost classical logic.
Non-Linear Heart Rate Variability Indices in the Frequent Hemodialysis Network Trials of Chronic Hemodialysis Patients

Background: Non-linear heart rate variability (HRV) indices were hypothesized to correlate with cardiac function, fluid overload and physical performance in hemodialysis patients. Methods: Twenty-four-hour Holter electrocardiograms were recorded in patients enrolled in the Frequent Hemodialysis Network (FHN) Daily Dialysis Trial. Correlations between non-linear HRV indices and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), extracellular volume (ECV)/total body water (TBW) ratio, the SF-36 Physical Health Composite (PHC) and Physical Functioning (PF) scores were tested. Results: We studied 210 subjects (average age 49.8 ± 13.5 years, 62% men, 42% diabetics). In non-diabetic patients, multiscale entropy (MSE) slope sample entropy (SampEn) and approximate entropy (ApEn) correlated positively with LVEF, PF and PHC and inversely with LVEDV and ECV/TBW. Spectral power slope correlated positively with ECV/TBW (r = 0.27). Irregularity measures (MSE ApEn and MSE SampEn) correlated positively with LVEDV (r = 0.19 and 0.20). Conclusion: Non-linear HRV indices indicated an association between a deteriorated heart rate regulatory system and impaired cardiac function, fluid accumulation and poor physical condition.
International Business and National Culture: A Literature Review and Research Agenda

This literature review analyzes leading international business and management journals from 2000 to 2012 in order to explore the role of national culture in international business research. Through the analysis of the 265 selected articles, the study thematically maps the field and identifies research challenges and opportunities. It reflects on avenues for future research related to both thematic and methodological issues, among them: research focused on the impact of the home/host national culture on internationalization processes (as existing literature mainly focuses on cultural distance); the role to be played by new theoretical frameworks; and the need to consider cultural positions and cultural friction rather than traditional cultural distance when analyzing internationalization decisions.
Establishing a clinical database for hospital attendances because of self-harm

Self-harm is a major risk factor for suicide ([Gunnell & Frankel, 1994][1]) with around a quarter of suicides preceded by non-fatal self-harm in the previous year ([Owens & House, 1994][2]). Strategies for suicide prevention should include accurate monitoring of health service contacts due to self-harm. Unfortunately, the published literature points to few practical steps for ensuring this accuracy. We offer an account of running a database, to assist others who might be setting out on this monitoring process. [1]: #ref-3 [2]: #ref-8