Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy Storage Siting and Sizing in the WECC Area and the CAISO System

Spatio-temporal arbitrage using energy storage systems reduces the cost of operating a power system. However, since the cost of deploying storage is significant, it is essential to determine the optimal locations and ratings of these systems. This paper proposes a stochastic storage siting and sizing method that determines the optimal locations and ratings. This is first done from a centralized perspective where the objective is to minimize the sum of the operating and investment costs. The method is then modified to combine this cost minimization with the perspective of an investor who wants to find the storage locations and ratings that will maximize its profits. The effectiveness of the centralized method is demonstrated on a 240-bus, 448-line model of the WECC system. The combined perspective is analysed using a 4754-bus and 6377transmission line model of the CAISO system. The effect of adding constraints on the maximum number of locations where storage can be installed and on the size of energy storage systems is discussed. Sensitivity analyses are also performed to assess the impact of the investment cost and of the value attached to avoiding spillage of renewable energy. We also consider how a significant increase in the marginal costs of conventional generators and in the renewable generation capacity would affect these results. ∗The authors are with the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA (e-mail: rfbc85@uw.edu; dvorkin@uw.edu; ywang11@uw.edu; xubolun@gmail.com; and kirschen@uw.edu).
Regulation of RhoGEF Activity by Intramolecular and Intermolecular SH3 Domain Interactions*

RhoGEFs are central controllers of small G-proteins in cells and are regulated by several mechanisms. There are at least 22 human RhoGEFs that contain SH3 domains, raising the possibility that, like several other enzymes, SH3 domains control the enzymatic activity of guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) domains through intra- and/or intermolecular interactions. The structure of the N-terminal SH3 domain of Kalirin was solved using NMR spectroscopy, and it folds much like other SH3 domains. However, NMR chemical shift mapping experiments showed that this Kalirin SH3 domain is unique, containing novel cooperative binding site(s) for intramolecular PXXP ligands. Intramolecular Kalirin SH3 domain/ligand interactions, as well as binding of the Kalirin SH3 domain to the adaptor protein Crk, inhibit the GEF activity of Kalirin. This study establishes a novel molecular mechanism whereby intramolecular and intermolecular Kalirin SH3 domain/ligand interactions modulate GEF activity, a regulatory mechanism that is likely used by other RhoGEF family members.
Progestin Intrauterine Devices and Metformin: Endometrial Hyperplasia and Early Stage Endometrial Cancer Medical Management

Globally, endometrial cancer is the sixth leading cause of female cancer-related deaths. Non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia (EH), has a lifetime progression rate to endometrial cancer ranging from less than 5%, if simple without atypia, to 40%, if complex with atypia. Site specific, long-acting intrauterine devices (IUDs) provide fertility sparing, progestin-based EH medical management. It is unclear which IUD is most beneficial, or if progesterone sensitizing metformin offers improved outcomes. For resolution, PubMed searches for “Mirena” or “Metformin,” “treatment,” “endometrial hyperplasia,” or “stage 1 endometrial cancer,” were performed, yielding 33 articles. Of these, 19 articles were included. The 60 mg high-dose frameless IUD/20 mcg levonorgestrel has achieved sustained regression of Grade 3 endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia for 14 years. Case series on early stage endometrial cancer (EC) treatment with IUDs have 75% or greater regression rates. For simple through complex EH with atypia, the 52 mg-IUD/10–20 mcg-LNG-14t has achieved 100% complete regression in 6-months. Clearly, IUDs have an outcome advantage over oral progestins. However, studies on metformin for EH, and of progestins or metformin for early stage EC management are underpowered, with inadequate dose ranges to achieve significant differences in, or optimal outcomes for, the treatment modalities. Therefore, outcomes from the feMMe trial for the 52 mg-IUD/10–20 mcg-LNG-14t and metformin will fill a gap in the literature.
Gastric emptying in diabetes: clinical significance and treatment

The outcome of recent studies has led to redefinition of concepts relating to the prevalence, pathogenesis and clinical significance of disordered gastric emptying in patients with diabetes mellitus. The use of scintigraphic techniques has established that gastric emptying is abnormally slow in approx. 30–50% of outpatients with long‐standing Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes, although the magnitude of this delay is modest in many cases. Upper gastrointestinal symptoms occur frequently and affect quality of life adversely in patients with diabetes, although the relationship between symptoms and the rate of gastric emptying is weak. Acute changes in blood glucose concentration affect both gastric motor function and upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Gastric emptying is slower during hyperglycaemia when compared with euglycaemia and accelerated during hypoglycaemia. The blood glucose concentration may influence the response to prokinetic drugs. Conversely, the rate of gastric emptying is a major determinant of post‐prandial glycaemic excursions in healthy subjects, as well as in Type 1 and Type 2 patients. A number of therapies currently in development are designed to improve post‐prandial glycaemic control by modulating the rate of delivery of nutrients to the small intestine.
The Financial Crisis, Systemic Risk, and the Future of Insurance Regulation

This article considers the role of American International Group (AIG) and the insurance sector in the 2007–2009 financial crisis and the implications for insurance regulation. Following an overview of the causes of the crisis, I explore the events and policies that contributed to federal government intervention to prevent bankruptcy of AIG and the scope of federal assistance to AIG. I discuss the extent to which insurance in general poses systemic risk and whether a systemic risk regulator is desirable for insurers or other nonbank financial institutions. The last two sections of the article address the financial crisis's implications for proposed optional and/or mandatory federal chartering and regulation of insurers and for insurance regulation in general.
An Investigation of Framing and Firm Size on the Auditor's Going Concern Decision

Abstract This study investigated the effects of framed information and firm size on the auditor's going concern report modification decision. Framing has been shown to affect individual decision-making in a variety of contexts. Investigations of framing effects in an audit context have reported mixed results. The findings of this study indicate that auditors are susceptible to the effect of framed information. Previous research has reported that auditors from small firms may be less conservative in audit disclosure recommendations than auditors associated with larger firms. This study evaluated the going concern decisions of auditors from three firm sizes: local/regional, a large non-Big Six firm, and a Big Six audit firm. Results indicate that differences in the report issued do exist across firm size. Possible explanations for the reported results are discussed.
Cross-linguistic communication missteps

Sociolinguistically-oriented work in cross-cultural communication (Davies et al. 1989; Ellis and Roberts, 1987; Erickson and Schultz, 1982; Gumperz, 1982, 1984; Lakoff, 1984; Tannen, 1986b; Tyler et al., 1988) hos demonstrated that many ofthe sources of miscommunication involve a complex sei ofelements at the discourse level. The research also indicates that the sources of miscommunication are largely inaccessible to the participants, suggesting that some kind of Intervention making the sources of miscommunication explicit is necessary in order to allow demystification of the communicative missteps. This paper offers an integrated discourse framework, i.e. one which combines: (1) the multiple perspectives embodied in the participants and the analyst; (2) the construct ofsituated Interpretation; (3) the interrelatedness ofcues from many levels oflinguistic organization; and (4) the cumulative effect of miicues within the emergent process of the interaction. The model which is asswnedelaborates on Gumperz's theory of conversational inference by incorporating Erickson's notion of conversational synchrony and aspects of Ellis and Roberts' four-part model. Building on Tyler et al., (1988) in which a sei of interrelating cues were identified äs sources of the perception of incoherence for American undergraduates in the lecture discourse of International Teaching Assistants, this paper uses the analysis ofa videotaped episode ofa key problematic Situation involving a Korean Teaching Assis tant in an American university and an American undergraduate, which occurred during a routine classroom observation, in order to extend the model. Moving from a lecture participant structure to a dyadic structure which involves conflicting goals for the interlocutors, we re-examine the cues identified in the lecture context and find (1) that their situated Interpretation requires a further consideration of other dimensions of the discourse and (2) that the notion of context äs processual and evolutionary is necessary in order to provide the appropriate frame for a model ofthe complex interactions present in situated, cross-linguistic communication. 0165-4888/90/0010-0385 $2.00 Text 10 (4) (1990) pp. 385-411
Clean Development Mechanism and Least Developed Countries: Changing the Rules for Greater Participation

The clean development mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol is designed not only to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) but also to contribute locally to sustainable development. As a market-based mechanism, CDM has the potential to channel private investments into development activities with economic, social, and environmental benefits. Unfortunately, investments have tended to flow where CDM activities provide higher returns with limited economic and political risks, that is, outside of least developed countries (LDCs). To date, only a handful of LDCs have been able to participate in the CDM. This article discusses opportunities for modifying the CDM rules to provide more opportunities for LDCs. Regulatory reforms, technical assistance programs, and direct registration and certification of CDM activities in LDCs by the UNFCCC Secretariat may help foster CDM activities in LDCs . As negotiations regarding the post-2012 climate regime are afoot, an overhaul of the CDM toward a mechanism more friendly to LDCs is necessary.
La survie des nouvelles entreprises culturelles: le rôle du regroupement géographique

A partir des donnees de l'enquete SINE 98 de l'INSEE, une etude econometrique de la survie des entreprises culturelles fait apparaitre les resultats suivants. Premierement, le pourcentage d'entreprises qui meurent chaque annee n'est pas stable au cours du temps et differe selon le secteur considere (arts visuels, spectacle vivant, patrimoine, edition, audiovisuel ou produits culturels). Le risque artisanal est tres fort les trois ou quatre premieres annees alors que le risque industriel apparait une fois ces premieres annees passees. Deuxiemement, le taux de survie des entreprises culturelles est tres sensible a leur regroupement geographique. Si la proximite d'entreprises ayant la meme activite est nefaste a la survie des entreprises culturelles, une forte concentration d'activites culturelles variees est tres fortement benefique a leur survie. L'effet de synergie l'emporte sur l'effet de concurrence. Il donne un fondement a la productivite des regroupements d'entreprises culturelles qualifies de pole de competitivite culturel ou de district culturel.
Phosphoproteomic Analysis Reveals Interconnected System-Wide Responses to Perturbations of Kinases and Phosphatases in Yeast

A system-wide analysis of protein phosphorylation in yeast reveals robustness in the network of kinases and phosphatases. Holistic Approach Protein kinases and phosphatases make attractive targets for therapies. Although various such enzymes have been characterized individually in vitro, an understanding of their roles in vivo, in the context of the entire network of kinases and phosphatases, is lacking. Indeed, inadequate knowledge of the downstream, indirect consequences of targeting a particular enzyme has led to the discontinuation of potential therapies. Bodenmiller et al. (listen to the accompanying Podcast) individually targeted most of the kinases and phosphatases in yeast, and they performed phosphoproteomic analysis of the effects of these deletions or mutations on the cellular phosphorylation network. They found that the network was surprisingly robust to perturbations in individual enzymes and that a large number of changes occurred in phosphoproteins that were not direct substrates of the targeted kinase or phosphatase. This approach should serve as a starting point toward understanding the complexity of phosphorylation regulation in yeast and other organisms. The phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins by kinases and phosphatases constitute an essential regulatory network in eukaryotic cells. This network supports the flow of information from sensors through signaling systems to effector molecules and ultimately drives the phenotype and function of cells, tissues, and organisms. Dysregulation of this process has severe consequences and is one of the main factors in the emergence and progression of diseases, including cancer. Thus, major efforts have been invested in developing specific inhibitors that modulate the activity of individual kinases or phosphatases; however, it has been difficult to assess how such pharmacological interventions would affect the cellular signaling network as a whole. Here, we used label-free, quantitative phosphoproteomics in a systematically perturbed model organism (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to determine the relationships between 97 kinases, 27 phosphatases, and more than 1000 phosphoproteins. We identified 8814 regulated phosphorylation events, describing the first system-wide protein phosphorylation network in vivo. Our results show that, at steady state, inactivation of most kinases and phosphatases affected large parts of the phosphorylation-modulated signal transduction machinery—and not only the immediate downstream targets. The observed cellular growth phenotype was often well maintained despite the perturbations, arguing for considerable robustness in the system. Our results serve to constrain future models of cellular signaling and reinforce the idea that simple linear representations of signaling pathways might be insufficient for drug development and for describing organismal homeostasis.
Urease-specific monoclonal antibodies prevent Helicobacter felis infection in mice

Experiments were performed to determine the antigenic specificity of a monoclonal antibody (immunoglobulin A [IgA] 71) previously demonstrated to neutralize the ability of Helicobacter felis to colonize mice. Immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled H. felis outer membrane proteins with IgA 71 revealed specificity for a 62-kDa protein. Another of our monoclonal antibodies, IgG 40, precipitated a protein of similar molecular weight. IgA 71 but not IgG 40 also precipitated purified recombinant H. pylori urease. The antigenic specificity of both antibodies was confirmed to be urease by the ability of each to select Escherichia coli clones expressing the H. felis urease genes. The two antibodies were shown to bind nonoverlapping epitopes in a competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Both IgA 71 and IgG 40 could effectively neutralize H. felis infectivity by incubating the bacteria with the antibodies prior to oral administration to naive mice. The mechanism of protection does not appear to be inhibition of urease activity, as IgA 71 does not inhibit the conversion of urea to ammonia by H. pylori urease in vitro. These results support a protective role for the secretory humoral immune response in Helicobacter immunity and provide further evidence that the urease enzyme can serve as a protective antigen.
Smart-M3 security: Authentification anc authorization mechanisms

Smart spaces are dynamic environments for sharing device information. Key challenges for smart spaces include security and interoperability between heterogeneous devices. Thus, smart spaces and its environments must provide feasible solutions for authentication, access control and privacy. Open source Smart Space platform Smart-M3 is actively developed but does not have a sufficient security mechanism yet. The main focus of this paper is analysis and development of security mechanisms for Smart-M3 platform.
Chemical and Biological Research on Herbal Medicines Rich in Xanthones

Xanthones, as some of the most active components and widely distributed in various herb medicines, have drawn more and more attention in recent years. So far, 168 species of herbal plants belong to 58 genera, 24 families have been reported to contain xanthones. Among them, Calophyllum, Cratoxylum, Cudrania, Garcinia, Gentiana, Hypericum and Swertia genera are plant resources with great development prospect. This paper summarizes the plant resources, bioactivity and the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of xanthones from references published over the last few decades, which may be useful for new drug research and development on xanthones.
Humanized θ-Defensins (Retrocyclins) Enhance Macrophage Performance and Protect Mice from Experimental Anthrax Infections

ABSTRACT Retrocyclins are humanized versions of the θ-defensin peptides expressed by the leukocytes of several nonhuman primates. Previous studies, performed in serum-free media, determined that retrocyclins 1 (RC1) and RC2 could prevent successful germination of Bacillus anthracis spores, kill vegetative B. anthracis cells, and inactivate anthrax lethal factor. We now report that retrocyclins are extensively bound by components of native mouse, human, and fetal calf sera, that heat-inactivated sera show greatly enhanced retrocyclin binding, and that native and (especially) heat-inactivated sera greatly reduce the direct activities of retrocyclins against spores and vegetative cells of B. anthracis. Nevertheless, we also found that retrocyclins protected mice challenged in vivo by subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, or intranasal instillation of B. anthracis spores. Retrocyclin 1 bound extensively to B. anthracis spores and enhanced their phagocytosis and killing by murine RAW264.7 cells. Based on the assumption that spore-bound RC1 enters phagosomes by “piggyback phagocytosis,” model calculations showed that the intraphagosomal concentration of RC1 would greatly exceed its extracellular concentration. Murine alveolar macrophages took up fluorescently labeled retrocyclin, suggesting that macrophages may also acquire extracellular RC1 directly. Overall, these data demonstrate that retrocyclins are effective in vivo against experimental murine anthrax infections and suggest that enhanced macrophage function contributes to this property.
Financial Health and Airline Safety

Agency-cost models suggest that firms may pursue riskier strategies in times of financial distress. For example, stockholders of financially weak firms in industries where quality cannot be observed ex-ante have an incentive to compromise safety and quality to maximize current period profit. However, there exists only a modest amount of empirical evidence that relates financial health to the risk-taking behavior of firms. We explore this relationship for the airline industry. Using bond ratings to proxy for financial health and airline mishaps to measure safety, we find a significant correlation: airlines with higher quality bond ratings are less likely to experience mishaps than airlines with lower quality ratings. On average, a whole letter grade better bond rating is associated with a 10% lower probability of a mishap. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social Investment and Personality: A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship of Personality Traits to Investment in Work, Family, Religion, and Volunteerism

Investing in normative, age-graded social roles has broad implications for both the individual and society. The current meta-analysis examines the way in which personality traits relate to four such investments—work, family, religion, and volunteerism. The present study uses meta-analytic techniques (K = 94) to identify the cross-sectional patterns of relationships between social investment in these four roles and the personality trait domains of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability. Results show that the extent of investment in social roles across these domains is positively related to agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and low psychoticism. These findings are more robust when individuals are psychologically committed to rather than simply demographically associated with the investment role.
Enhancing security of Web service against WSDL threats

In recent years, the field of Web service security has evolved rapidly and various security technologies and standards have been proposed. We found from our investigation that there is a WSDL threat, hitherto not discussed in Web service security literature but equally important. WSDL documents are the guidebook for attacking and hacking the Web services. Since a WSDL document contains explicit instructions on how to communicate private application, they can cause a series security breach if the Web services are compromised. To the best of our knowledge, all standards which were presented by now tried to defend security problems of SOAP messages which are transferred between Web services. This paper is bringing into focus enhancing security of Web service's WSDL file. It purposes a model for encrypting WSDL document to handle its security problem. This solution is suitable for Web services which have critical rules according their policies and their WSDL faced with hacking problems.
Laissez‐faire and the institutions of the free market

The absence of an adequate institutional structure explains why entrepreneurial capitalism did not automatically follow the collapse of central planning in the 1990s. It is a necessary function of a liberal state to provide a framework for the enforcement of private contractual terms. Beyond that basic need, other regulatory structures tend to emerge spontaneously through the force of mutual advantage and the test of social competence. In particular, institutions such as banking, the law, accountancy, insurance etc. exist to minimise the transactions costs which are inherent in a market economy.