Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrochemotherapy by pulsed electromagnetic field treatment (PEMF) in mouse melanoma B16F10 in vivo

Abstract Introduction Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) induces pulsed electric field, which presumably increases membrane permeabilization of the exposed cells, similar to the conventional electroporation. Thus, contactless PEMF could represent a promising approach for drug delivery. Materials and methods Noninvasive electroporation was performed by magnetic field pulse generator connected to an applicator consisting of round coil. Subcutaneous mouse B16F10 melanoma tumors were treated with intravenously injection of cisplatin (CDDP) (4 mg/kg), PEMF (480 bipolar pulses, at frequency of 80 Hz, pulse duration of 340 μs) or with the combination of both therapies (electrochemotherapy − PEMF + CDDP). Antitumor effectiveness of treatments was evaluated by tumor growth delay assay. In addition, the platinum (Pt) uptake in tumors and serum, as well as Pt bound to the DNA in the cells and Pt in the extracellular fraction were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results The antitumor effectiveness of electrochemotherapy with CDDP mediated by PEMF was comparable to the conventional electrochemotherapy with CDDP, with the induction of 2.3 days and 3.0 days tumor growth delay, respectively. The exposure of tumors to PEMF only, had no effect on tumor growth, as well as the injection of CDDP only. The antitumor effect in combined treatment was related to increased drug uptake into the electroporated tumor cells, demonstrated by increased amount of Pt bound to the DNA. Approximately 2-fold increase in cellular uptake of Pt was measured. Conclusions The obtained results in mouse melanoma model in vivo demonstrate the possible use of PEMF induced electroporation for biomedical applications, such as electrochemotherapy. The main advantages of electroporation mediated by PEMF are contactless and painless application, as well as effective electroporation compared to conventional electroporation.
Frequency of Spousal Interaction and 3-Year Progression of Carotid Artery Intima Medial Thickness: The Pittsburgh Healthy Heart Project

Objective: We employed Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) real-time recording in the natural setting to determine whether spousal interaction frequency predicts 3-year progression of carotid artery intima medial thickening (IMT). Methods: Participants were 250 healthy, older adults (M age = 61, 48% female) who, at baseline, underwent 6 days of ambulatory monitoring using electronic diaries to collect data on mood, activity, and posture, as well as current or recent (past 10 minutes) social interactions. Participants also underwent ultrasound imaging of the carotid arteries at baseline and 3-year follow-up. Spousal interaction frequency was computed as the sum of total interactions with only the spouse during the 6 days of monitoring. Results: Spousal interaction frequency did not predict IMT change in the sample as a whole (p = .87). However, a sex by spousal interaction by marital adjustment interaction (p = .02) indicated that more frequent spousal interaction was associated with less IMT progression among men with better marital adjustment (p = .03). In contrast, frequent spousal interaction predicted greater IMT progression among women with better martial adjustment (p < .01). This effect lost significance when women’s total social interactions (sum of all interactions) were included in the model. Total social interaction frequency was an independent predictor of IMT among women but not men. Conclusions: These findings extend those of previous research by suggesting that frequent spousal interactions may be associated with long-term cardiovascular health among happily married older men and demonstrate how sampling daily experience may enhance our understanding of the possible health benefits of marriage. ABP = ambulatory blood pressure; BP = blood pressure; CVD = cardiovascular disease; EMA = equals; ecological momentary assessment; IMT = intima medial thickness; SES = socioeconomic status; DAS = equals; Dyadic Adjustment Scale; LVM = left ventricular mass; PHHP = equals; Pittsburgh Healthy Heart Project; DABS = Diary of Ambulatory Behavioral States; ARIC = Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities; SNQ = Social Network Questionnaire.
Ice Hockey Coaches’ Perceptions of Athlete Leadership

The purpose of this study was to identify ice hockey coaches’ perceptions of the factors influencing athlete leadership. Semi-structured open-ended interviews were conducted with six high performance ice hockey coaches of elite 16- to 20-year-old athletes. The results indicated how coaches selected and developed their athlete leaders, how they fostered the coach-athlete leader relationship and the responsibilities of their athlete leaders. These results provide coaches with new information on how to identify and develop their athlete leaders, as well as how to cultivate positive relationships with them.
TWINKLE Has 5′ → 3′ DNA Helicase Activity and Is Specifically Stimulated by Mitochondrial Single-stranded DNA-binding Protein*

Mutations in TWINKLE cause autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia, a human disorder associated with multiple deletions in the mitochondrial DNA. TWINKLE displays primary sequence similarity to the phage T7 gene 4 primase-helicase, but no specific enzyme activity has been assigned to the protein. We have purified recombinant TWINKLE to near homogeneity and demonstrate here that TWINKLE is a DNA helicase with 5′ to 3′ directionality and distinct substrate requirements. The protein needs a stretch of 10 nucleotides of single-stranded DNA on the 5′-side of the duplex to unwind duplex DNA. In addition, helicase activity is not observed unless a short single-stranded 3′-tail is present. The helicase activity has an absolute requirement for hydrolysis of a nucleoside 5′-triphosphate, with UTP being the optimal substrate. DNA unwinding by TWINKLE is specifically stimulated by the mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein. Our enzymatic characterization strongly supports the notion that TWINKLE is the helicase at the mitochondrial DNA replication fork and provides evidence for a close relationship of the DNA replication machinery in bacteriophages and mammalian mitochondria.
Aktivitäten Berliner Psychotherapeuten im ersten Nachkriegsjahr Mai 1945 bis Mai 1946: Bericht eines Zeitzeugen/ Psychotherapy in the first postwar year in Berlin

Zusammenfassung In der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Extremsituation des ersten Nachkriegsjahres munden die Aktivitaten der Berliner Psychotherapeuten in die Bildung einer arbeitgebenden Institution bei zunehmender Auspragung selbstandiger Therapeutengruppen.
Television Advertisement of Bangladesh: Viewers Attitudes and Behavior

Television advertisements have become an imperative medium of advertisements to all types of products and services. TV channels are performing business in the monopolistic competition market. Different TV channels are telecasting different programs at their scheduled time having sponsorship from different advertisers. The effectiveness of advertisements depend on how many viewers are watching the particular advertisement with full attention and receiving the messages manufacturers are sending to their target customers. The paper reveals that 82 percent respondents agree with don’t watch TV ads with full attention; 89.13 percent respondents agree with TV ads are frequently irritating, and statistically found strong relationship via chi-square. In this case the viewers showing varieties of their attitudes towards the TV commercials both positive and negative. TV advertisements will be meaningful when the mass people will enjoy the advertisements and feel attraction to have their necessary information rather than irritating.
Reconsolidation of a Long-Term Memory in Lymnaea Requires New Protein and RNA Synthesis and the Soma of Right Pedal Dorsal 1

Reconsolidation of a long-term memory (LTM) in the snail Lymnaea stagnalis can be disrupted by cooling, an RNA synthesis blocker (actinomycin D), and by specifically ablating the soma of a cell we know is a site of LTM consolidation (right pedal dorsal 1, RPeD1). Aerial respiratory behavior was conditioned operantly by applying a gentle tactile stimulus to the pneumostome area (the respiratory orifice) every time the snail began to open its pneumostome to perform aerial respiration. This resulted in a reduction of this behavior while leaving cutaneous respiration intact. One week after training one-half of the animals received a memory reactivation session, which was similar to the original training (i.e., animals received reinforcement). All animals then received 1 hr of cooling, an injection of actinomycin D or saline, or the soma ablation procedure. This was followed by a test for savings 4 hr or 4 d later, which was also similar to the original training. Only those animals that received both the memory reactivation session and the treatment showed memory impairment during the test for savings. That is, the impairment was contingent on memory reactivation. These data indicate that reconsolidation requires both new RNA and protein synthesis to stabilize a reactivated memory, and it demonstrates that the soma of RPeD1, a cell that we have shown previously to be required in the consolidation of an LTM, is necessary for reconsolidation. These data suggest that the critical molecular processes occurring during both consolidation and reconsolidation transpire in the same cell in Lymnaea.
Yeast and Human RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes: Evidence for Functional Differences and Postinitiation Recruitment of Factors

ABSTRACT Immobilized DNA templates, glycerol gradient centrifugation, and native gel analysis were utilized to isolate and compare functional RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) elongation complexes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human cell nuclear extracts. Yeast elongation complexes blocked by incorporation of 3′-O-methyl-GTP into the nascent transcript exhibited a sedimentation coefficient of 35S, were less tightly associated to the template than their human counterparts, and displayed no detectable 3′-5′ exonuclease activity on the associated transcript. In contrast, blocked human elongation complexes were more tightly bound to the template, and multiple forms were identified, with the largest exhibiting a sedimentation coefficient of 60S. Analysis of the associated transcripts revealed that a subset of the human elongation complexes exhibited strong 3′-5′ exonuclease activity. Although isolated human preinitiation complexes were competent for efficient transcription, their ability to generate 60S elongation complexes was strikingly impaired. These findings demonstrate functional and size differences between S. cerevisiae and human RNAPII elongation complexes and support the view that the formation of mature elongation complexes involves recruitment of nuclear factors after the initiation of transcription.
An improved image retrieval method based on SIFT algorithm and saliency map

Image retrieval methods based on the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm have good performance except for the characteristics of time-consuming and high dimension feature vectors. This paper realizes an improved image retrieval method combining saliency maps with SIFT. The saliency map algorithm is used to define and detect the visually salient image regions which will be used in feature extraction and feature matching. The experimental results show that the improved method can not only reduce the retrieval time, but also rule out the interference in image matching caused by the feature points in background.
MultiScroll: using multitouch input to disambiguate relative and absolute mobile scroll modes

We propose MultiScroll, a general purpose hybrid scrolling technique that uses multitouch input to allow for a combination of rate based scrolling for navigating short and medium distances and zero-order scrolling for navigating large distances. The design challenges of supporting both scrolling modes on mobile devices are discussed, including the use of 'drift zones' and 'edge proximity warnings' to resolve potential problems of touch controlled mobile rate-based scrolling. Evaluations with participants both stationary and walking show the complimentary benefits of the techniques over flick scrolling across a variety of scrolling tasks.
Signaling Health versus Parasites

The Hamilton‐Zuk hypothesis, that parasite‐host coevolution can maintain heritable variation in fitness, has inspired a very successful research program on sexual selection on signals of health. The immunocompetence handicap hypothesis was developed to provide a handicapping mechanism to stabilize the correlation between signals and health. In earlier articles, I showed that handicap signaling is a special case, not a general law that we can rely on to deduce relative costs across signalers of different quality at equilibrium. The essential requirement for reliable signaling is that higher‐quality signalers are more efficient; they get greater marginal fitness returns from an incremental increase in the signal. This does not undermine the Hamilton‐Zuk hypothesis or the immunocompetence mechanism, but it does raise doubts about a widespread assumption that is commonly used to test these hypotheses: that sexual selection on signals of health implies the choice of mates with the fewest parasites. Immunity and parasites might play a fundamental role in many biological signaling systems, but viability‐indicating traits are not necessarily parasite‐load‐indicating traits. Theory allows for the possibility that high‐quality big signalers have greater health and more parasites than low‐quality small signalers (and the data suggest that in many systems they do). This means that we cannot test the Hamilton‐Zuk hypothesis or the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis by counting parasites. More generally, we cannot understand sexual selection on signals of health by focusing on the viability costs of signals.
A 110 mW AlGaN-based UV lamp emitting at 278 nm

We report record output power of deep ultraviolet (UV) LEDs with peak emission at 278 nm. These new light sources are expected to find numerous applications in air, water and surface sterilization/decontamination, bio-agent detection and identification, UV curing, biomedical and analytical instrumentation, etc. Recently we reported breakthrough in AlGaN-based deep UV LEDs with wallplug efficiency approaching 1%. ' We will describe further improvements in the device design and processing for a better control of strain and carrier injection. These improvements yielded approximately 30% higher CW output powers close to 1. I mW at 20 mA current and 2 mW at 50 mA. The devices exhibit narrow emission line with FWHM of 11 nm and very high peak to stray light ratio close to 4 orders of magnitude, which to our knowledge is the best ratio ever reported for deep UV LEDs. We developed packaging solution for power combining of multiple deep UV LED chips with efficient heat dissipation. The UV lamp was made from 16 LEDs chips combined into 8x2 LED array in the form of 8 branches connected in parallel and each branch containing two LEDs connected in series. The lamp emitted at 278 nm and produced a continuous-wave power in excess of 11 mW at 200 mA. Under pulse operation the maximum power exceeding 110 mW was obtained at 1.9 A driving current. These are the highest CW and pulsed output power levels achieved in deep UV range.
Incipient Balancing Selection through Adaptive Loss of Aquaporins in Natural Saccharomyces cerevisiae Populations

A major goal in evolutionary biology is to understand how adaptive evolution has influenced natural variation, but identifying loci subject to positive selection has been a challenge. Here we present the adaptive loss of a pair of paralogous genes in specific Saccharomyces cerevisiae subpopulations. We mapped natural variation in freeze-thaw tolerance to two water transporters, AQY1 and AQY2, previously implicated in freeze-thaw survival. However, whereas freeze-thaw–tolerant strains harbor functional aquaporin genes, the set of sensitive strains lost aquaporin function at least 6 independent times. Several genomic signatures at AQY1 and/or AQY2 reveal low variation surrounding these loci within strains of the same haplotype, but high variation between strain groups. This is consistent with recent adaptive loss of aquaporins in subgroups of strains, leading to incipient balancing selection. We show that, although aquaporins are critical for surviving freeze-thaw stress, loss of both genes provides a major fitness advantage on high-sugar substrates common to many strains' natural niche. Strikingly, strains with non-functional alleles have also lost the ancestral requirement for aquaporins during spore formation. Thus, the antagonistic effect of aquaporin function—providing an advantage in freeze-thaw tolerance but a fitness defect for growth in high-sugar environments—contributes to the maintenance of both functional and nonfunctional alleles in S. cerevisiae. This work also shows that gene loss through multiple missense and nonsense mutations, hallmarks of pseudogenization presumed to emerge after loss of constraint, can arise through positive selection.
Accountable Algorithms

Many important decisions historically made by people are now made by computers. Algorithms count votes, approve loan and credit card applications, target citizens or neighborhoods for police scrutiny, select taxpayers for IRS audit, grant or deny immigration visas, and more. The accountability mechanisms and legal standards that govern such decision processes have not kept pace with technology. The tools currently available to policymakers, legislators, and courts were developed to oversee human decisionmakers and often fail when applied to computers instead. For example, how do you judge the intent of a piece of software? Because automated decision systems can return potentially incorrect, unjustified, or unfair results, additional approaches are needed to make such systems accountable and governable. This Article reveals a new technological toolkit to verify that automated decisions comply with key standards of legal fairness. We challenge the dominant position in the legal literature that transparency will solve these problems. Disclosure of source code is often neither necessary (because of alternative techniques from computer science) nor sufficient (because of the issues analyzing code) to demonstrate the fairness of a process. Furthermore, transparency
Interaction of electromagnetic waves with multilayer bi-anisotropic graphene structure

Summary form only given. Graphene is a two-dimensional version of graphite with the arrangement of single-atom-thick in a honeycomb form, and its electromagnetic properties strongly depend on its surface conductivity. As the graphene sheet is biased by either a static electric field Ebias or a magnetic field Bbias, its anisotropic surface conductivity (σ̅) can be expressed by a set of closed-form expressions at room temperature and below THz regime (R. Kubo, J. Phys. Soc. Japan, vol.12, no.6, pp.570-586, 1957; G.W.Hanson, J.Appl.Phys., vol.103, p.064302, 2008). It is known that, based on the anisotropic surface conductivity model of the graphene sheet, an equivalent circuit model has been derived from the Maxwell's equations (G.Lovat, IEEE Trans. on Electromagn.Compat.,vol.54, no. 1, Feb. 2012). Such circuit model is implemented into the analysis of electrostatic biasing field-dependent transmission and reflection properties of the graphene sheet illuminated by a plane wave, which can provide some physical insights into the interaction of an electromagnetic wave with graphene structure. On the other hand, it should be mentioned that the transmission and reflection properties of monolayer graphene sheet as well as multilayer graphene-dielectric structure at low-THz frequencies have been studied more recently (C. S. R. Kaipa, A. B. Yakovlev, G. W. Hanson, D. C. Skigin Phys. Rev. B 85, 245407, 2012), where the method of transfer matrix has been used. However, only the electrostatic biased situation is considered. The purpose of this study is to further explore electromagnetic properties of composite multilayer bi-anisotropic graphene structure biased by a magnet statically or an electrostatic field. By utilizing the generalized transfer matrix approach as well as an improved FDTD method developed by ourselves, both transmission and reflection characteristics of the bi-anisotropic graphene-dielectric multilayer structure are captured over an ultra-wideband in the presence of an incident plane wave with an arbitrary polarization state and incident direction. It is numerically demonstrated that the transmission characteristics of such composite structure can be artificially controlled or adjusted, where double gyrotropies do exist and they have strong effects on the wave propagation.
Reducing complexity of rule based models via meta mining

Complexity, or in other words compactness, of models generated by rule learners is one of often neglected issues, although it has a profound effect on the success of any project that utilizes the rules. Researchers strive to propose learners that are characterized by excellent accuracy, and sometimes also low computational complexity, but the size of the data model generated by the learners is often not even reported. While the model size can be disregarded from the research point of view, it is very important from the end user's perspective. Quite often the generated model is too complex to be manually analyzed or inspected, which prohibits from using it in a real-world setting. To jill this gap, the paper proposes a novel framework, which is designed to address problem of complexity reduction of rule based models. The framework is based on a Meta Mining concept, and can be applied to enhance several of existing rule learners. Its main goal is to reduce complexity, in terms of reducing size and number of generated rules, without sacrificing accuracy of the rules. The paper proposes the framework, and tests it on a set of benchmark datasets using two well known rule learners: C5.0 and DataSqueezer. The results are encouraging, and show that 50% complexity reduction can be achieved virtually without any loss of accuracy.
Learned Irrelevance: A Contemporary Overview

This article reviews the recent literature on the topic of learned irrelevance. It asks whether the retardation of subsequent conditioning produced by uncorrelated preexposure is indeed the result of the animal learning that a conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) are unrelated, or whether it is better explained either as a result of the context specificity of latent inhibition, or as some other artefact of the uncorrelated schedule employed. The conclusion is that there is as yet no good evidence to support the existence of a “genuine” learned irrelevance effect.
Bipolar Components for Severe Periacetabular Bone Loss Around the Failed Total Hip Arthroplasty

Twenty-seven patients had revision of a failed total hip arthroplasty using a bipolar component to replace the acetabulum. The procedure was done when periacetabular bone loss precluded stable fixation of the revision component to bone. In addition, three of the operations were done for recurrent dislocation in patients with severe medical problems. Significant component migration occurred in one case, and one patient required re-operation for dislocation in the early postoperative period. Functional results in these 27 patients were quite satisfactory; bone grafts reliably became consolidated to the host pelvis.