Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AN ESTIMATE FOR THE RUIN PROBABILITY IN A MODEL WITH VARIABLE PREMIUMS AND WITH INVESTMENTS IN A BOND AND SEVERAL STOCKS

We consider a risk process generalizing the classical Cramer-Lundberg process. The feature of the process is that its price function depends on the current reserve of an insurance company as well as on its portfolio consisting of a riskless bond and a finite number of risky assets, modeled by geometric Brownian motions. We obtain an analogue of the classical exponential estimate for the ruin probability in this case. It turns out that the estimate for the model with investments is better than the corresponding estimate for the classical model without investments.
SURFACE at Syracuse University SURFACE at Syracuse University

Our research addresses fundamental long-standing concerns in the compensating wage differentials literature and its public policy implications: the econometric properties of estimates of the value of statistical life ( VSL ) and the wide range of such estimates from about $0 to almost $30 million. Here we address most of the prominent econometric issues by applying panel data, a new and more accurate fatality risk measure, and systematic application of panel data estimators. Controlling for measurement error, endogeneity, latent individual heterogeneity that may be correlated with the regressors, state dependence, and sample composition yields an estimated value of a statistical life of about $7 million–$12 million, which we show can clarify greatly the cost-effectiveness of regulatory decisions. We show that probably the most important econometric issue is controlling for latent heterogeneity; less important is how one does it.
CENTER FOR POLICY RESEARCH – Spring 2010

In the fixed-effects stochastic frontier model an efficiency measure relative to the best firm in the sample is universally employed. This paper considers a new measure relative to the worst firm in the sample. We find that estimates of this measure have smaller bias than those of the traditional measure when the sample consists of many firms near the efficient frontier. Moreover, a two-sided measure relative to both the best and the worst firms is proposed. Simulations suggest that the new measures may be preferred depending on the skewness of the inefficiency distribution and the scale of efficiency differences. Email: qfeng@ntu.edu. sg, Tel: +65 6592 1543. Division of Economics, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, HSS-04-48, 14 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637332 †Corresponding Author. Email: whorrace@maxwell.syr. edu, Tel: 315-443-9061. Fax: 315-4431081. Center for Policy Research, 426 Eggers Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244-1020
Elucidating the constitutive relationship of Elucidating the constitutive relationship of calcium–silicate–hydrate gel using high throughput reactive calcium–silicate–hydrate gel using high throughput reactive molecular simulations and machine learning molecular simulations and machine learning

Prediction of material behavior using machine learning (ML) requires consistent, accurate, and, representative large data for training. However, such consistent and reliable experimental datasets are not always available for materials. To address this challenge, we synergistically integrate ML with high-throughput reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to elucidate the constitutive relationship of calcium–silicate–hydrate (C–S–H) gel—the primary binding phase in concrete formed via the hydration of ordinary portland cement. Specifically, a highly consistent dataset on the nine elastic constants of more than 300 compositions of C–S–H gel is developed using high-throughput reactive simulations. From a comparative analysis of various ML algorithms including neural networks (NN) and Gaussian process (GP), we observe that NN provides excellent predictions. To interpret the predicted results from NN, we employ SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), which reveals that the influence of silicate network on all the elastic constants of C–S–H is significantly higher than that of water and CaO content. Additionally, the water content is found to have a more prominent influence on the shear components than the normal components along the direction of the interlayer spaces within C–S–H. This result suggests that the in-plane elastic response is controlled by water molecules whereas the transverse response is mainly governed by the silicate network. Overall, by seamlessly integrating MD simulations with ML, this paper can be used as a starting point toward accelerated optimization of C–S–H nanostructures to design efficient cementitious binders with targeted properties.
Soil loss calculations with WEPP and USLE models on sloping arable land near Isaszeg, Hungary

The global economical crisis forced all farmers to increase cost effectiveness on their farms. Soil loss calculations provide important information because losing soil means losing nutrients that are expensive not only to buy but also to spread and work into the soil. The examined area has a loessy sand parent material. Intensive arable farming, high compaction and small infiltration rate result in high erodibility. WEPP and USLE model were chosen to be used to provide information from various sources and also to compare the efficiency of the models on a slope of intensive arable farmland. The results show that on the upper and middle slope sections WEPP calculates more soil loss than USLE while at the bottom of the slopes WEPP calculates much more than USLE. On-site investigations proved that the lower part of the slope is sedimented, so USLE is closer to reality at the bottom of the slope.
Structural and Global Features for Comparing Semantic Representation Formalisms

The area of designing semantic/meaning representations is a dynamic one with new formalisms and extensions being proposed continuously. It may be challenging for users of semantic representations to select the relevant formalism for their purpose or for newcomers to the field to select the features they want to represent in a new formalism. In this paper, we propose a set of structural and global features to consider when designing formalisms, and against which formalisms can be compared. We also propose a sample comparison of a number of existing formalisms across the selected features, complemented by a more entailment-oriented comparison on the phenomena of the FraCaS corpus.
Improving the temporal and spatial distribution of CO2 emissions from global fossil fuel emission data sets

Through an analysis of multiple global fossil fuel CO2 emission data sets, Vulcan emission data for the United States, Canada's National Inventory Report, and NO2 variability based on satellite observations, we derive scale factors that can be applied to global emission data sets to represent weekly and diurnal CO2 emission variability. This is important for inverse modeling and data assimilation of CO2, which use in situ or satellite measurements subject to variability on these time scales. Model simulations applying the weekly and diurnal scaling show that, although the impacts are minor far away from sources, surface atmospheric CO2 is perturbed by up to 1.5−8 ppm and column‐averaged CO2 is perturbed by 0.1−0.5 ppm over some major cities, suggesting the magnitude of model biases for urban areas when these modes of temporal variability are not represented. In addition, we also derive scale factors to account for the large per capita differences in CO2 emissions between Canadian provinces that arise from differences in per capita energy use and the proportion of energy generated by methods that do not emit CO2, which are not accounted for in population‐based global emission data sets. The resulting products of these analyses are global 0.25° × 0.25° gridded scale factor maps that can be applied to global fossil fuel CO2 emission data sets to represent weekly and diurnal variability and 1° × 1° scale factor maps to redistribute spatially emissions from two common global data sets to account for differences in per capita emissions within Canada.
Graph Embedding-based Automatic Domain Ontology Completion

As an essential form of knowledge representation in the AEC industry, ontologies play an irreplaceable role in engineering applications. Due to complex logic within domain knowledge, the manual inspection of constructed domain ontologies remains time-consuming and labour-intensive. Therefore, an automated ontology completion method is pivotal. To fill this gap, a graph embedding-based ontology completion model is proposed in this research, which can automatically supplement plausible relations in domain ontologies. The proposed completion model is developed with an encoder-decoder structure. A binary feature representation and reverse relation addition are adopted to enhance graph embeddings. This completion model achieves promising results in the testing of several domain ontologies. The proposed automatic ontology completion method can significantly save time and labour on ontology inspection and potentially improve the reliability of ontology-driven engineering applications.
Genome-wide characterization deciphers distinct properties of major intrinsic 1 proteins in six Phytophthora species

26 Major intrinsic proteins (MIPs), commonly known as aquaporins, facilitate the membrane 27 diffusion of water and some other non-polar solutes. MIPs might be involved in host-pathogen 28 interactions. Herein, we identified 17, 24, 27, 19, 19, and 22 full-length MIPs, respectively, in 29 the genomes of six Phytophthora species, P. infestans , P. parasitica , P. sojae, P. ramorum, P. 30 capsici , and P. cinnamomi. These Phytophthora species are devastating plant pathogens and 31 members of oomycetes, a distinct lineage of fungus-like eukaryotic microbes. Phylogenetic 32 analysis showed that the Phytophthora MIPs (PMIPs) formed a completely distinct clade from 33 their counterparts in other taxa and were clustered into nine subgroups. Sequence and structural 34 properties indicated that the primary selectivity-related constrictions, including aromatic 35 arginine (ar/R) selectivity filter and Froger's positions in PMIPs were distinct from those in 36 other taxa. The substitutions in the conserved Asn-Pro-Ala motifs in loops B and E of many 37 PMIPs were also divergent from those in plants. We further deciphered group-specific 38 consensus sequences/motifs in different loops and transmembrane helices of PMIPs, which were 39 distinct from those in plants, animals, and microbes. The data collectively supported the notion 40 that PMIPs might have novel functions. 41
Improving simulations of extreme skew surges through wares' contributions

— The coastal flood risk assessment is an overriding priority for EDF to ensure the nuclear safety. For this reason, statistical methods linked to Extreme Value Theory (EVT) are carried out to evaluate extreme events associated to high return periods (up to 10 3 years). Usually, these evaluations are applied to time series from 30 to 50 years and extreme estimations are not very accurate. A potential way to improve statistical estimations of extreme events is the use of historical data ([6], [7], [4]). Before to properly use them in a statistical analysis, the validation of historical records is needed. Numerical models may be complementary to historical values and they may even validate historical values recovered and reconstructed from several sources. Firstly, it is necessary to achieve a deep examination of the numerical models during several well-known extreme events in order to be able to validate historical events. In this study, extreme sea levels and, in particular, extreme skew surges simulated by a TELEMAC-2D model are considered.
Wet spinning of carbon fiber precursors from cellulose- lignin blends in a cold NaOH(aq) solvent system

Carbon fiber (CF) is predominantly produced from fossil-based sources and is therefore an area of interest for further development towards a more sustainable society. The purpose of this thesis work was to investigate the possibility of producing precursor fibers (PFs) for CF production from a blend of renewable cellulose and lignin. Cellulose, which is used to some extent for CF production, was chosen, while the possibility of adding lignin was investigated in hope of increasing the gravimetric yield of the CF production. Blends of softwood kraft cellulose pulp (SKP) and softwood kraft lignin (SKL) were dissolved in an alkaline (NaOH) solvent system at different cellulose/lignin ratios. A total of eight dopes were prepared (SKP/SKL ratios of 100/0–60/40 wt./wt.) with total dope concentrations ranging from 4.5 wt. % to 9.2 wt. %. The addition of SKL resulted in dark colored dopes with viscosities of which mainly appeared to depend on the SKP concentration. The dopes were wet spun, resulting in continuously spun PFs. The PFs showed on an increasing pyrolysis yield with increased SKL content but decreasing mechanical properties. However, process optimization was not included in the work, subsequently leading to the assumption that greater values on mechanical properties can be achieved. A pure SKP PF and a SKP-SKL (70/30 wt./wt.) PF were successfully thermally converted into CFs by carbonization at 1000 °C. The PF containing SKL had a total gravimetric yield more than twice as high as the pure SKP PF, 28 wt. % and 12 wt. %, respectively. Thereby, the addition of SKL seems to have a positive impact on the CF yield when utilizing a NaOH(aq) solvent system. This thesis work has become a base for the future work towards the development of CFs from wet spun cellulose-lignin PFs in the NaOH(aq) solvent system.
Music Genre Classification

Music plays a vital role in people's lives. Music unites like-minded people and is glue that binds communities together. Communities can be identified by the type of songs that are composed, or listened to. In this project, we will build an in-depth learning project to automatically distinguish genres of music from various audio files. We will classify these audio files using features at a low frequency level and time zone. In this project, we have built several segmentation models and trained them on the GTZAN database. Database has 1000 type audio tracks and the time duration of each track is 30 seconds. It contains 10 types of music genres, each music genre contain 100 tracks. All the tracks are in. wav format.
Test of Precipitation, Compensation and Monday Effect Hypotheses on Group Hare Trapping Effort

Live trapping in combination with translocation of wild animals is an important tool in wildlife management, but drivers of human trapping activity are poorly understood. Here we test three hypotheses that have been proposed to describe and explain temporal variation in group hunting-trapping effort. Namely, we test the precipitation effect, effort compensation and Monday effect hypotheses on live trapping effort of brown hares for restocking. Analysis of 26 047 hares trapped in 460 trapping days during the period 1966–1995 in western Poland showed that seasonal onset of trapping was later during rainy autumns supporting avoidance of rainy weather by the trapping group. The hunting group increased the number of animals caught the day following a day with low off-take providing evidence for the ability to respond quickly and compensate for short term variation in the trapping effort. Group trapping effort as reflected by number of hares caught was lower on Monday than on any other working day. This is in line with observations on weekly variation in working effort of employees across various contexts. We conclude that even seemingly standardized and rigid trapping schemes may be responsive to factors such as weather, experienced effort and subtle seasonal effects.
Moisture dynamics in natural-ester (cid:12)lled transformers

Due to the global trend in the industry to work towards sustainability and clean energy, utilities and transformer manufacturers focus on the design of environmentally friendly devices. In this context, the use of natural esters as transformer’s liquid insulation is becoming an habitual practice in distribution transformers. These (cid:13)uids make possible the operation of transformers with lower (cid:12)re risk, what is important for certain applications. Additionally natural esters are biodegradable and their application minimizes the risk of soil contamination in case of (cid:13)uid’s leak. One of the di(cid:11)erential characteristics of ester (cid:13)uids is that they have higher a(cid:14)nity for moisture than mineral oils, absorbing masses of water up to ten times greater than conventional insulating (cid:13)uids under similar working conditions. This fact changes the water distribution between the solid and liquid insulation that is typically found in mineral-oil (cid:12)lled transformers. Moisture content in insulating materials remains as one of the most important parameters determining the life cycle of transformers, hence the importance of fully understanding its behaviour. Although many actions are being taken to spread the use of ester (cid:13)uids, not many works about the performance of water in ester-cellulose systems haven been published to date. In this work, an analysis on the moisture dynamics in transformers insulated with natural esters is presented. In the (cid:12)rst part of the paper the main parameters that in(cid:13)uence the moisture distribution between oil and paper are obtained either for the case of an ester or a mineral oil being used as insulating (cid:13)uids. Then, simulations are carried out in which di(cid:11)erent temperature pro(cid:12)les
Computer simulation model for the striped bass young-of-the-year population in the Hudson River. [Effects of entrainment and impingement at power plants on population dynamics]

This report presents a daily transient (tidal-averaged), longitudinally one-dimensional (cross-section-averaged) computer simulation model for the assessment of the entrainment and impingement impacts of power plant operations on young-of-the-year populations of the striped bass, Morone saxatilis, in the Hudson River.
A model for studies of tropospheric photochemistry: Description, global distributions, and evaluation

A model of atmospheric photochemistry and transport has been developed and applied toward investigating global tropospheric chemistry. The Model of Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry - Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry version (MATCH-MPIC) is described and key characteristics of its global simulation are presented and compared to available observations. MATCH-MPIC is an “offline” model which reads in gridded time-dependent values for the most basic meteorological parameters (e.g., temperature, surface pressure, horizontal winds), then uses these to compute further meteorological parameters required for atmospheric chemistry simulations (convective transport, cloud microphysics, etc.). The meteorology component of MATCH-MPIC simulates transport by advection, convection, and dry turbulent mixing, as well as the full tropospheric hydrological cycle (water vapor transport, condensation, evaporation, and precipitation). The photochemistry component of MATCH-MPIC represents the major known sources (e.g., industry, biomass burning), transformations (chemical reactions and photolysis), and sinks (e.g., wet and dry deposition) which affect the O3hyphen;HOx-NOy-CH4-CO photochemical framework of the “background” troposphere. The results of two versions of the model are considered, focusing on the more recent version. O3 is in relatively good agreement with observed soundings, although it is generally underestimated at low levels and overestimated at high levels, particularly for the more recent version of the model. We conclude that the simulated stratosphere-troposphere flux of O3 is too large, despite the fact that the total flux is 1100 Tg(O3)/yr, whereas the upper limit estimated in recent literature is over 1400 Tg(O3)/yr. The OH distribution yields a tropospheric CH4 lifetime of 10.1 years, in contrast to the lifetime of 7.8 years in the earlier model version, which nearly spans the range of current estimates in the literature (7.5–10.2 years). Surface CO mixing ratios are in good agreement with observations. NO is generally underestimated, a problem similar to what has also been found in several other recent model studies. HNO3 is also considerably underestimated. H2O2 and CH3OOH, on the other hand, are in relatively good agreement with available observations, though both tend to be underestimated at high concentrations and overestimated at low concentrations. Possible reasons for these differences are considered.
Title: Eocene origin, Miocene diversification and intercontinental dispersal of 1 the genus

46 47 Resolving the evolutionary history of plant carnivory is of great interest to biologists throughout 48 the world. Among the carnivorous plants, Genus Drosera (Droseraceae) is highly diverse with a 49 wide pantropical distribution. Despite being a group of interest for evolutionary biology studies 50 since the time of Charles Darwin, the historical biogeography of this group remains poorly 51 understood. In this study, with an improved species sampling from Genbank, we present a 52 reanalyzed phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus Drosera . We developed a dated molecular 53 phylogeny of Drosera from DNA sequences of nuclear ITS and chloroplast rbcL genes. 54 Divergence times were estimated on the combined dataset using an uncorrelated lognormal 55 relaxed clock model and a known fossil calibration implemented in BEAST. The maximum 56 clade credibility tree was then used for ancestral range estimations using DEC+J model 57 implemented in BioGeoBEARS. Our analysis suggests that Drosera evolved during the Mid 58 Eocene 36 Ma [95% HPD: 49.5-26] and have diversified and dispersed from the late Miocene 59 onwards. Ancestral areas estimated using the DEC+J models suggest an African origin followed 60 major radiation within Australia. Diversification in Drosera is temporally congruent with the 61 prevailing drier conditions during the Miocene. From Miocene, grasslands and open habitats 62 dominated across continents and might have provided ecological opportunities for their dispersal 63 and diversification. Several long-distance dispersals and range extensions and in situ radiations 64 coinciding with the evolution of drier conditions can explain their extant distribution across 65 continents. Overall our data set provides fresh insights into the biogeographic factors that shaped 66 the origin and evolution of the genus Drosera . 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79
WEST AFRICA: VOLTA DISCHARGE DATA QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND USE 1

ABSTRACT: Water resource management in West Africa is often a complicated process due to inadequate resources, climatic extremes, and insufficient hydrological information. Insufficient data hinder sustainable watershed management practices, one of the top priorities in the Volta River Basin. This research properly fills in missing data by modeling the hydrological distribution in the Volta River Basin. On average, discharge gages across the basin are missing 20 percent of their monthly data over 20 years. Two methods were used to supplement missing data: a statistically linear model and a conceptual hydrological model. A linear equation, developed from the regression of precipitation and runoff, was used to evaluate the quality of existing data. The hydrological model separates the system into root and groundwater zones. Measured values were used to calibrate the hydrological model and to validate the statistical model. The quality of existing data was analyzed and organized for usability. Accuracy of the hydrological model was also evaluated for its effectiveness using R2 and standard error. It was found that the hydrological model was an improvement from the linear model on a monthly basis; R2 values improved by as much as 0.5 and monthly error decreased. Monthly predictions of the hydrological model were used to fill gaps of measured data sets.