Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The microbial corrosion behaviour of Ni-P plating by sulfate-reducing bacteria biofouling in seawater

ABSTRACT The microbial corrosion behaviour of nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (SRB, ATCC 7757) was investigated experimentally. The colonization of SRB on Ni-P surface was observed by fluorescence microscope (FM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The corrosion of Ni-P plating was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results indicate corrosion aggravated from 1 d to 7 d and then slowed down after 7 d. The corrosion products were analyzed by Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra. The corrosion of Ni-P in SRB medium was more deteriorative than the control group. Accordingly, the corrosion process was accelerated in the presence of SRB and its extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). The EIS data of Ni-P plating were fitted to equivalent circuits. The results show that the resistance of charge transfer on Ni-P surface increased quickly from 1 d to 7 d and then decreased to 22.4 kΩ·cm−2 finally.
Developing a BDSR scheme to avoid black hole attack based on proactive and reactive architecture in MANETs

In recent year with the widespread use of mobile device, Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANETs) technology has been attracted attention day by day. Due to MANETs don't need the infrastructure, it can deploy fast and conveniently in any environment. Because of its easy deployment features, in addition to used in personal area networks, home area networks and so on. Specially, MANETs suit for military operations and the emergent disasters rescue that need to overcome terrain and special purpose in urgent. However the dynamical network topology of MANETs, infrastructure-less property and lack of certificate authority make the security problems of MANETs need to pay more attention. The common routing protocols in current such as DSR AODV and so on almost take account in performance. They don't have the related mechanism about detection and response. Therefore, we proposed a DSR based secure routing protocol in this paper, named BDSR (Baited-Black-hole DSR). The BDSR detects and avoids the black hole attack based on merging proactive and reactive defense architecture in MANET by using the virtual and non-existent destination address to bait the malicious node to reply RREP.
Optimum thickness distribution of an inkjet-printed resonant line antenna

The optimum thickness distribution for the antenna efficiency enhancement of a resonant line antenna is proposed. Unlike a standard printed circuit board process, which removes the unwanted metal from the substrate, inkjet-printing technology is a additive process. By using the inkjet-printing technology, the thickness of a line can be controlled. The calculated loss along the antenna showed that the power loss along the line antenna is minimum when thickness and current has a same distribution. For the demonstration, the continuous sinusoidal distribution is replaced by the 5-layered dipole antenna. The simulated results show that the proposed distribution has a 2 %p higher antenna efficiency and 0.12 dBi higher gain compared to the those of the flat dipole antenna with a same volume. The proposed thickness distribution can be used to enhance the antenna efficiency of a resonant line antenna with the known current distribution.
Evaluation of Overuse Injuries in Children and Adolescents

With the increasingly competitive nature of many youth sports and with single-sport specialization occurring at young ages, overuse injuries are common among young athletes. Several growth-related factors contribute to the development of overuse injuries in children and adolescents, including the susceptibility of growth cartilage to injury and the adolescent growth spurt. This article will discuss these unique factors and provide an overview of the diagnosis and treatment of overuse injuries in this age group. Specific measures aimed at preventing overuse injuries in young athletes also will be presented.
Recurrent Neural Networks for fast and robust vibration-based ground classification on mobile robots

This paper investigates Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), particularly Dynamic Cortex Memories (DCMs), an extension of Long Short Term Memories (LSTMs) for classification of 14 different ground types based on vibration data. Also a simple regularization technique called Sequence Boundary Dropout (SBD) is introduced, which effectively enlarges the training set and improves generalization. The neural networks perform in the time domain without any explicit feature computation, while previous state-of-the-art methods extract features mainly in the frequency domain. The presented approach does not require a time window, is causal, and works just-in-time, such that a classification can be done online at each new time step. Furthermore, we show that the neural networks outperform previous methods significantly in terms of classification accuracy. Finally, we demonstrate that the networks retrained with Random Activation Preservation (RAP) can classify very early - within a fraction of a second - but robustly at the same time in a continuous recognition scenario with varying classes.
A gene‐targeted mouse model for chorea‐acanthocytosis

Chorea‐acanthocytosis (CHAC) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder with autosomal recessive transmission, in which selective degeneration of striatum has been reported in brain pathology. Clinically, CHAC shows Huntington's disease‐like neuropsychiatric symptoms and red blood cell acanthocytosis. Recently, we identified the gene, CHAC, encoding a novel protein, chorein, in which a deletion mutation was found in Japanese families with CHAC. In the present study, we have identified the mouse CHAC cDNA sequence and the exon–intron structures of the gene and produced a CHAC model mouse introducing no. 60–61 exon deletion corresponding to a human disease mutation by a gene‐targeting technique. The mice began to show acanthocytosis and motor disturbance in old age. In behavioral observations, locomotor activity was significantly decreased and the contact time at social interaction test was decreased significantly in the model mice. In the brain pathology, many apoptotic cells were observed in the striatum of the mutant mice. In neurochemical determinations, the dopamine metabolite, homovanillic acid, concentration decreased significantly in the portion including the midbrain of the mutant mice. These findings are consistent with the human results reported elsewhere and indicate that the CHAC model mice showed a mild phenotype with late adult onset. The CHAC model mouse therefore provides a good model system to study the human disease.
Proceedings Volume Editors Preface Creativity in Artificial Intelligence as a Hybrid of Logic and Spontaneity Creative Concept Invention and Representation in an Interactive Child-robot Healthy Snack Design Game Back-and-forth Inception: towards a Cognitively-inspired Model of Concept Construction v

This paper explores machine creativity from the perspective that genuine human-level creativity is a hybrid function of formal, computational logic on the one hand, and intuition and spontaneity on the other. After setting the context and explaining the resources upon which we draw, we provide an example of this essentially synergistic relationship in the form of the improvisational functionality of the
Mesoscale predictions for the dynamic compaction of explosively-coated aluminum micro-particles

xvi CHAPTER
Automated Refactoring for Testability

Current software practice places a strong emphasis on unit testing, to the extent that the amount of test code produced on a project can exceed the amount of actual application code required. This illustrates the importance of testability as a feature of software. In this paper we investigate whether it is possible to improve a program's testability using an automated refactoring approach. We conduct a quasi-experiment where we create a small application that scores poorly using a proven cohesion metric, LSCC. Using our automated refactoring platform, Code-Imp, this application is automatically refactored using the LSCC metric to guide the search for better solutions. To evaluate the results, a number of industrial software engineers were asked to write test cases for the application both before and after refactoring and compare the relative difficulty involved. The results were interesting though inconclusive, and suggest that further work is required.
Constraints on the Emission and Viewing Geometry of the Transient Anomalous X-Ray Pulsar XTE J1810–197

The temporal decay of the flux components of the transient anomalous X-ray pulsar XTE J1810–197 following its 2002 outburst presents a unique opportunity to probe the emission geometry of a magnetar. Toward this goal, we model the magnitude of the pulsar’s modulation in narrow spectral bands over time. Following previous work, we assume that the postoutburst flux is produced in two distinct thermal components arising from a hot spot and a warm concentric ring. We include general relativistic effects on the blackbody spectra due to gravitational redshift and light bending near the stellar surface, which strongly depend on radius. This affects the model fits for the temperature and size of the emission regions. For the hot spot, the observed temporal and energy-dependent pulse modulation is found to require an anisotropic, pencil-beamed radiation pattern. We are able to constrain an allowed range for the angles that the line of sight (ψ) and the hot spot pole (ξ) make with respect to the spin axis. Within errors, this is defined by the locus of points in the ξ − ψ plane that lie along the line [ξ + β (R) ][ψ + β (R) ] ≈ const , where β (R) is a function of the radius R of the star. For a canonical value of R = 12 km, the viewing parameters range from ψ = ξ = 37° to (ψ ,ξ) = (85°,15°) . We discuss our results in the context of magnetar emission models.
Electrolytic Lesions of the Fimbria/Fornix, Dorsal Hippocampus, or Entorhinal Cortex Produce Anterograde Deficits in Contextual Fear Conditioning in Rats

Recent data indicate that dorsal hippocampal (DH) lesions disrupt Pavlovian fear conditioning to contextual cues in rats. In the present study, we examined the effects of electrolytic lesions of the fimbria/fornix (FX) or entorhinal cortex (EC), the primary afferent projection systems to the DH, on contextual fear conditioning in rats. Conditioning consisted of the delivery of unsignaled footshocks in a novel observation chamber, and freezing served as the measure of conditional fear. Electrolytic lesions of the FX, DH, or EC made 1 week before training produced anterograde impairments in both immediate postshock freezing on the conditioning day and freezing during the context extinction test 24 h following training. The deficits in conditional freezing produced by FX, DH, and EC lesions were not statistically different, although the deficits in rats with FX or EC lesions tended to be more severe than those in rats with DH lesions. In addition to producing deficits in conditional freezing, FX, DH, or EC lesions produced a pronounced locomotor hyperactivity. Within the lesion and sham groups, however, locomotor activity was not significantly correlated with conditional freezing. These results indicate that contextual fear deficits in rats with hippocampal formation damage are equivalent following either FX, DH, or EC lesions. The relationship of freezing deficits and locomotor hyperactivity in rats with hippocampal formation lesions is discussed.
Rectangular array pattern synthesis with simple method

A simple method for rectangular array pattern synthesis, which combines convolution of two perpendicular linear arrays with orthogonal approach for each linear array synthesis, is proposed. Because beam patterns derive from Fourier transforms of distributions in space, the distribution to produce the product of two simpler patterns is the convolution of the simpler distributions. A desired rectangular array pattern can be synthesized through multiplication of two perpendicular linear array patterns. At the same time, the relatively simple and general orthogonal method is applied for linear array synthesis to reduce the amount of computation further.
Additive Manufacturing of Titanium Alloys by Electron Beam Melting: A Review

Electron beam melting (EBM), as one of metal additive manufacturing technologies, is considered to be an innovative industrial production technology. Based on the layer‐wise manufacturing technique, as‐produced parts can be fabricated on a powder bed using the 3D computational design method. Because the melting process takes place in a vacuum environment, EBM technology can produce parts with higher densities compared to selective laser melting (SLM), particularly when titanium alloy is used. The ability to produce higher quality parts using EBM technology is making EBM more competitive. After briefly introducing the EBM process and the processing factors involved, this paper reviews recent progress in the processing, microstructure, and properties of titanium alloys and their composites manufactured by EBM. The paper describes significant positive progress in EBM of all types of titanium in terms of solid bulk and porous structures including Ti–6Al–4V and Ti–24Nb–4Zr–8Sn, with a focus on manufacturing using EBM and the resultant unique microstructure and service properties (mechanical properties, fatigue behaviors, and corrosion resistance properties) of EBM‐produced titanium alloys.
Behavioral Economics and Regulatory Analysis

Behavioral economics has captured the interest of scholars and the general public by demonstrating ways in which individuals make decisions that appear irrational. While increasing attention is being focused on the implications of this research for the design of risk‐reducing policies, less attention has been paid to how it affects the economic valuation of policy consequences. This article considers the latter issue, reviewing the behavioral economics literature and discussing its implications for the conduct of benefit‐cost analysis, particularly in the context of environmental, health, and safety regulations. We explore three concerns: using estimates of willingness to pay or willingness to accept compensation for valuation, considering the psychological aspects of risk when valuing mortality‐risk reductions, and discounting future consequences. In each case, we take the perspective that analysts should avoid making judgments about whether values are “rational” or “irrational. ” Instead, they should make every effort to rely on well‐designed studies, using ranges, sensitivity analysis, or probabilistic modeling to reflect uncertainty. More generally, behavioral research has led some to argue for a more paternalistic approach to policy analysis. We argue instead for continued focus on describing the preferences of those affected, while working to ensure that these preferences are based on knowledge and careful reflection.
Fast Eigenvector Centrality Mapping of Voxel-Wise Connectivity in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Implementation, Validation, and Interpretation

Eigenvector centrality mapping (ECM) has recently emerged as a measure to spatially characterize connectivity in functional brain imaging by attributing network properties to voxels. The main obstacle for widespread use of ECM in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is the cost of computing and storing the connectivity matrix. This article presents fast ECM (fECM), an efficient algorithm to estimate voxel-wise eigenvector centralities from fMRI time series. Instead of explicitly storing the connectivity matrix, fECM computes matrix-vector products directly from the data, achieving high accelerations for computing voxel-wise centralities in fMRI at standard resolutions for multivariate analyses, and enabling high-resolution analyses performed on standard hardware. We demonstrate the validity of fECM at cluster and voxel levels, using synthetic and in vivo data. Results from synthetic data are compared to the theoretical gold standard, and local centrality changes in fMRI data are measured after experimental intervention. A simple scheme is presented to generate time series with prescribed covariances that represent a connectivity matrix. These time series are used to construct a 4D dataset whose volumes consist of separate regions with known intra- and inter-regional connectivities. The fECM method is tested and validated on these synthetic data. Resting-state fMRI data acquired after real-versus-sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation show fECM connectivity changes in resting-state network regions. A comparison of analyses with and without accounting for motion parameters demonstrates a moderate effect of these parameters on the centrality estimates. Its computational speed and statistical sensitivity make fECM a good candidate for connectivity analyses of multimodality and high-resolution functional neuroimaging data.
Exploiting the height of vehicles in vehicular communication

One of the most challenging research issues in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is how to efficiently relay messages between vehicles. We propose a heuristic that uses the physical dimensions of vehicles to help determine whether or not a vehicle is an appropriate next hop. We base the heuristic on the intuition that taller vehicles have an advantage over shorter ones because the former are less susceptible to shadowing from other vehicles. We implement a model that evaluates the efficacy of the proposed heuristic and we perform the experiments to validate the model. Based on both the experimental measurements and the simulations performed using the model, it is shown that tall vehicles consistently and significantly increase both the effective communication range and the message reachability. The effective communication range increased by more than 50%: from 290 meters when short vehicles are communicating to 450 meters in the case of tall vehicles. The results suggest that, when available, tall vehicles are significantly more likely to better relays than short vehicles. The proposed heuristic is not dependent on any specific routing technique and can be used to improve the performance of different classes of routing protocols.
Latent Effect of Passive Static Stretching on Driver Clubhead Speed, Distance, Accuracy, and Consistent Ball Contact in Young Male Competitive Golfers

Gergley, JC. Latent effect of passive static stretching on driver clubhead speed, distance, accuracy, and consistent ball contact in young male competitive golfers. J Strength Cond Res 24(12): 3326-3333, 2010-This investigation was conducted to determine the effect of 2 different warm-up treatments over time on driver clubhead speed, distance, accuracy, and consistent ball contact in young male competitive golfers. Two supervised warm-up treatments, an active dynamic warm-up with golf clubs (AD) and a 20-minute total body passive static stretching routine plus an identical AD warm-up (PSS), were applied before each performance testing session using a counterbalanced design on nonconsecutive days. Immediately after the AD treatment, subjects were instructed to hit 3 full swing golf shots with their driver with 1-minute rest between trials. Immediately after the PSS treatment, subjects were instructed to hit 3 full-swing golf shots with their driver at t0 and thereafter at t15, t30, t45, and t60 minutes with 1-minute rest between swing trials to determine any latent effects of PSS on golf driver performance measures. Results of paired t-tests revealed significant (p < 0.05) decreases in clubhead speed at t0 (−4.92%), t15 (−2.59%), and t30 (−2.19%) but not at t45 (−0.95) or t60 (−0.99). Significant differences were also observed in distance at t0 (−7.26%), t15 (−5.19%), t30 (−5.47%), t45 (−3.30%), and t60 (−3.53%). Accuracy was significantly impaired at t0 (61.99%), t15 (58.78%), t30 (59.46%), and t45 (61.32%) but not at t60 (36.82%). Finally, consistent ball contact was significantly reduced at t0 (−31.29%), t15 (−31.29%), t30 (−23.56%), t45 (−27.49%), and t60 (−15.70%). Plausible explanations for observed performance decrements include a more compliant muscle-tendon unit (MTU) and an altered neurological state because of the PSS treatment. Further, the findings of this study provide evidence supporting the theory that the mechanical properties of the MTU may recover at a faster rate than any associated neurological changes. The results of this inquiry strongly suggest that a total-body passive static stretching routine should be avoided before practice or competition in favor of a gradual AD. Athletes with poor mechanics because of lack of flexibility should perform these exercises after a conditioning session, practice, or competition.
An O(nlogn) algorithm for obstacle-avoiding routing tree construction in the λ-geometry plane

Routing is one of the important phases in VLSI/ULSI physical design. The obstacle-avoiding rectilinear Steiner minimal tree (OARSMT) construction is an essential part of routing since macro cells, IP blocks, and pre-routed nets are often regarded as obstacles in the routing phase. Efficient OARSMT algorithms can be employed in practical routers iteratively. Recently, IC routing and related researches have been extended from Manhattan architecture (λ2-geometry) to Y- / X-architecture (λ3- / λ4-geometry) to improve the chip performance. This paper presents an O(nlogn) heuristic, λ-OASMT, for obstacle-avoiding Steiner minimal tree construction in the λ-geometry plane. Based on obstacle-avoiding constrained Delaunay triangulation, a full connected tree is constructed and then embedded into λ-OASMT by a novel method called zonal combination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work addressing the λ-OASMT problem. Compared with two most recent works on OARSMT problem, λ-OASMT obtains up to 30Kx speedup with an even better quality solution. We have tested randomly generated cases with up to 1K terminals and 10K rectilinear obstacles within 3 seconds on a Sun V880 workstation (755MHz CPU and 4GB memory). The high efficiency and accuracy of λ-OASMT make it extremely practical and useful in the routing phase, as well as interconnect estimation in the process of floorplanning and placement.
Evaluation of the pharmacogenetics of immune recovery in treated HIV-infected patients

Introduction: Combination antiretroviral therapy has markedly improved the survival rate and quality of life in patients infected with HIV due to the powerful suppressor effect that current antiretroviral drugs have on the viral load. Consequently, the immune system undergoes a substantial qualitative and quantitative improvement; and this leads to an increase in the absolute CD4+ T-lymphocyte count and the restoration of lost T-cell responses against certain opportunistic pathogens. Unfortunately, not all patients who successfully suppress plasma viremia experience sufficient CD4+ T-cell gain and these patients, in turn, are associated with worse outcomes. Pharmacogenetic studies have been used to investigate how a patient's genetic predisposition may affect their response to antiretroviral drugs. Areas covered: This article reviews the investigations that have been published on the association between host genetic determinants of CD4+ T-cell gain in treated HIV-infected patients. Studies were identified through a PubMed database search. Longitudinal studies into pharmacogenetic association were specifically selected. Expert opinion: While the possibility of genetic predisposition to HIV therapeutics has potential, most studies provide inconsistent data. Inconsistency is often due to partial genetic evaluation, different categorization of poor immune recovery or due to small numbers of patients evaluated. Currently, studies still belong to the research laboratory stage and more studies are required to improve our understanding.