Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Processing ( the ) events : lexical and structural ingredients of inner aspect ∗

What is the aspectual representation of verbs and how is that representation used to construct the aspectual interpretation of a sentence during online sentence processing? In this paper we use psycholinguistic techniques to address both these questions. In the first experiment, a processing correlate of telicity is identified by manipulating verbal telicity (inherently telic vs. unspecified verbs) and direct object quantization, finding a principled delay in the use of these verbs’ aspectual representation in which both the verb and its internal argument are required before the comprehension system can commit to a telic or atelic interpretation. In the second experiment, this processing correlate reveals no differences in processing between inherently atelic and unspecified verbs, delayed or otherwise. We argue that together these experiments support theories that distinguish between two verb classifications, a class of inherently telic verbs and a class of unspecified verbs, but not those that include a class of inherently atelic verbs.
Second Order Optimality Conditions Based on Parabolic Second Order Tangent Sets

In this paper we discuss second order optimality conditions in optimization problems subject to abstract constraints. Our analysis is based on various concepts of second order tangent sets and parametric duality. We introduce a condition, called second order regularity, under which there is no gap between the corresponding second order necessary and second order sufficient conditions. We show that the second order regularity condition always holds in the case of semidefinite programming.
Cannabinoid Receptor Gene Variations in Drug Addiction and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) are involved in neuropsy- chiatric disturbances including drug addiction. Studies show that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CNR1 and FAAH may contribute to drug addiction and other neuropsychiatric disorders. However, cannabinoid type-2 receptors (CB2Rs) in the CNS and their role in drug addiction and neuropsychiatric disorders have been much less well characterized. Features of CBR gene structures and their variants in drug abuse and neuropsychiatric disorders and in rodent models were studied. Association studies were performed between polymorphisms in CNR2 gene and neuropsychiatric disorders in two independent case-control populations. We identified novel human and rodent CB2R isoforms with differential tissue expression patterns and regulation by CBR ligands. There is association between polymor- phisms of CB2R gene and neuropsychiatric disorders investigated with increased risk of schizophrenia, depression, drug abuse, and eating and autism spectrum disorders in low CB2R function. CBR variants may provide a deeper insight and novel targets for the effects of cannabinoids in drug addiction and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
State-Dependent Etomidate Occupancy of Its Allosteric Agonist Sites Measured in a Cysteine-Substituted GABAA Receptor

A central axiom of ligand-receptor theory is that agonists bind more tightly to active than to inactive receptors. However, measuring agonist affinity in inactive receptors is confounded by concomitant activation. We identified a cysteine substituted mutant γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor with unique characteristics allowing the determination of allosteric agonist site occupancy in both inactive and active receptors. Etomidate, the allosteric agonist, is an anesthetic that activates or modulates α1β2γ2L GABAA receptors via transmembrane sites near β2M286 residues in M3 domains. Voltage-clamp electrophysiology studies of α1β2M286Cγ2L receptors show that GABA is an efficacious agonist and that etomidate modulates GABA-activated activity, but direct etomidate agonism is absent. Quantitative analysis of mutant activity using an established Monod-Wyman-Changeux (MWC) allosteric model indicates that the intrinsic efficacy of etomidate, defined as its relative affinity for active versus inactive receptors, is lower than in wild-type receptors. Para-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate covalently modifies β2M286C side-chain sulfhydryls, irreversibly altering GABA-induced currents. Etomidate concentration dependently reduces the apparent rate of β2M286C-pCMBS bond formation, tracked electrophysiologically. High etomidate concentrations completely protect the β2M286C suflhydryl from covalent modification, suggesting close steric interactions. The 50% protective etomidate concentration (PC50) is 14 μM in inactive receptors and 1.1 to 2.2 μM during GABA-activation, experimentally demonstrating that activated receptors bind etomidate more avidly than do inactive receptors. The experimental PC50 values are remarkably close to, and therefore validate, MWC model predictions for etomidate dissociation constants in both inactive and active receptors. Our results support MWC models as valid frameworks for understanding the agonism, coagonism, and modulation of ligand-gated ion channels.
Approximate Posterior Model Probabilities in Additive Models via the Group LASSO

A gas discharge display having a base member, a spacer member, an electrode member and a window sealed to each other to form a gas tight structure. The base member, spacer member and electrode member are made from copper clad printed circuit boards and are fabricated using existing printed circuit board technology. The spacer member and electrode member have a matrix of holes aligned with each other along orthogonal rows and columns. Parallel lower electrodes are provided on the surface of the base member aligned with either the rows or columns. Cylindrical upper electrodes are provided in the holes of the electrode member and are connected to each other by parallel electrical connectors provided on the surface of the electrode member orthogonal to the parallel electrodes on the base member. The display is sealed with an ionizable gas contained within the holes of the spacer and electrode members.
An MPC approach to individual pitch control of wind turbines using uncertain LIDAR measurements

Spatial distribution of the wind field exerts unbalanced loads on wind turbine structures and it is shown these loads could be mitigated by controlling each blade's angle individually (individual pitch control). In this work the problem of individual pitch control of a variable-speed variable-pitch wind turbine in the full load region is considered. Model predictive control (MPC) is used to solve the problem. A new approach is proposed to simplify the optimization problem of MPC. We linearize the obtained nonlinear model for different operating points which are determined by the effective wind speed on the rotor disc and take the wind speed as a scheduling variable. The wind speed is measurable ahead of the turbine using LIDARs, therefore the scheduling variable is known for the entire prediction horizon. We consider uncertainty in the wind propagation, which is the traveling time of wind from the LIDAR measurement point to the rotor. An algorithm based on wind speed estimation and measurements from the LIDAR is devised to find an estimate of the delay and compensate for it before it is used in the controller. Comparisons between the MPC with error compensation, without error compensation and a benchmark cyclic pitch PI controller are given. The results show that with appropriate signal processing techniques, LIDAR measurements improve the performance of the wind turbine controller.
Radio continuum morphology of southern Seyfert galaxies

We present radio observations for 29 southern Seyfert galaxies selected from a volume limited sample with cz < 3600 km s 1 , and declination < 0. Objects with declination 30 << 0 were observed with the Very Large Array (VLA) at 6 cm (4.9 GHz) and objects with < 30 were observed with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) at 3.5 cm (8.6 GHz). Both the VLA and the ATCA observations have a resolution of 1 00 . These new observations cover more than 50% of the southern sample with all but two of the 29 objects de- tected above our limit of 0.15 mJy. Combining these data with data available from the literature gives almost 85% coverage of the southern sample and further expands the radio observations of a distance limited sample by 22%. Collecting additional sources from the literature, con- sisting of known Seyferts with cz < 4600 km s 1 , we nd that 38% of the sources are unresolved at arcsecond res- olution, and 34% have linear radio structure. Our results expand upon and are consistent with earlier studies. We conrm a correlation between the size of the radio struc- ture and the radio luminosity. A comparison between Seyfert types 1 and 2 nds that type 2s tend to have a larger linear size. There is no statistically signicant dif- ference in radio power between types 1 and 2, although all the most powerful objects appear to be Seyfert 2's. No signicant dierence has been found in the spectral indices.
Insulin and glucocorticoids differentially regulate leptin transcription and secretion in brown adipocytes

Leptin, the ob gene product, is produced by adipose tissue and is submitted to a complex hor¬monal and metabolic regulation. Leptin plays a critical role in the balance of body weight. Here we report on secretion and hormonal regulation of leptin by brown adipocytes. Using the recently established T37i cell line, we show that leptin expression and secretion occurred as a function of cell differentiation. In differ¬entiated T37i cells, insulin induced leptin release (~0.25 ng/106 cells/h) in a concentration‐dependent manner (EC50=0.1 nM), and this was totally suppressed by β3‐adrenergic ligand, thiazolidinedione, cycloheximide, or actinomycin D. Insulin induced a strong, rapid (within 2 h) but transient fivefold increase in leptin mRNA levels. This transcriptional control of ob gene expression by insulin involved both phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase‐ and MAP kinase‐dependent pathways. Glucocorticoids inhibited both insulin‐stimulated leptin secretion and ob gene expression without affecting leptin mRNA stability (t1/2=3h05). Altogether, our results demonstrate that brown adipocytes express and secrete leptin, whose hormonal regulation clearly dif¬fers from that described in white adipose tissue. These findings point to tissue‐specific molecular mechanisms and suggest that leptin might exert direct effects on energy homeostasis through an autocrine mecha¬nism. —Buyse, M. , Viengchareun, S. , Bado, A. , Lombès, M. Insulin and glucocorticoids differentially regulate leptin transcription and secretion in brown adipocytes. The FASEB J. 15, 1357–1366 (2001)
Recent Progress in Nonlinear and Linear Solvers

We discuss two approaches for tackling algebraic systems, one is based on block preconditioning and the other is based on multifrontal and hierarchical matrix methods. First we consider a new preconditioner framework for supporting implicit time integration within an atmospheric climate model. We give an overview of the computational infrastructure used in atmospheric climate studies, address specific challenges of weak-scalability of numerical methods used in these codes, outline a strategy for addressing these challenges, and provide details about the software infrastructure being developed to implement these ideas. In the second part, we present our recent results of employing hierarchically semiseparable low-rank structure in a multifrontal factorization framework. This leads to superfast linear solvers for elliptic PDEs and effective preconditioners for a wider class of sparse linear systems.
Upscaling species invasion patterns from local to regional for forest ecosystem management

Almost all remote sensing studies model invasion of species dominating ecosystems canopies, typically in predicting their presence or absence. However, a vast majority of invasive species do not dominate ecosystems canopies. Remote sensing experts have traditionally overlooked such cryptic invaders spatial distribution and productivity pattern within map units for a variety of reasons including spectral response limitations and inadequate quantitative data. Almost none attempted to model and upscale such populations distributed across forest understorey environment. These inclusions reduce the capability of remote sensing and GIS techniques or importance of maps. This is crucial in invasive species management. In this study, we synthesized data from different remote sensing and GIS sources to (1) model the actual and potential area and forest types in Nepal vulnerable to invasion of the Chromolaena odorata, one of the world's worst cryptic invasive species and (2) segregate the reproductive and non-reproductive populations at national scale using local scale information. Results reveals that invasive species models developed at local scale could successfully be up scaled at national scale. The map of current potential distribution of C. odorata shows that out of 75 forest communities of Nepal, 9 are currently infested by the C. odorata. They are: Acacia - Dalbergia, Alder, Hill Shorea, Pine, Pine - broad leaved forest, Riverine broad leaved, Schima - Castanopsis, Terai Shorea and Upper tropical riverine forest. Such information is crucial for land managers to focus their precious funds and efforts to control the spread of this species and so that the control methods are practical.
A bidirectional multi-channel MAC protocol for improving TCP performance on multihop wireless ad hoc networks

The TCP protocol often suffers from performance problems in conventional single-channel multihop wireless ad hoc networks. The problems arise from hidden node and exposed node issues, which can lead to channel contention in the forward direction between TCP DATA packets that are part of the same TCP flow control window, as well as contention between TCP DATA and TCP ACK packets flowing in opposite directions. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a novel bidirectional multi-channel MAC protocol designed to improve TCP performance over a multihop wireless network. The protocol uses multiple transmission channels at the physical layer to reduce TCP DATA-DATA contention, and bidirectional RTS/CTS channel reservations to reduce TCP DATA-ACK collisions. With four channels, simulation results for static multihop networks show TCP throughput gains of 50% to 180%, compared to a conventional IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol. Fairness is also improved with our protocol, since contention is confined to a short handshake period on the control channel.
Legacy Contact: Designing and Implementing Post-mortem Stewardship at Facebook

Post-mortem profiles on social network sites serve as both an archive of the deceased person's life and a gathering place for friends and loved ones. Many existing systems utilize inheritance as a model for post-mortem data management. However, the social and networked nature of personal data on social media, as well as the memorializing practices in which friends engage, indicate that other approaches are necessary. In this paper, we articulate the design choices made throughout the development of Legacy Contact, a post-mortem data management solution designed and deployed at Facebook. Building on the duties and responsibilities identified by Brubaker et al., we describe how Legacy Contact was designed to honor last requests, provide information surrounding death, preserve the memory of the deceased, and facilitate memorializing practices. We provide details around the design of the Legacy Contact selection process, the functionality provided to legacy contacts after accounts have been memorialized, and changes made to post-mortem profiles.
Colorectal Liver Metastases Show Similar Microvascular Characteristics for Individual Patients.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the measurement of biological variation for colorectal liver metastases using DCE MRI. Such techniques can be used to obtain several parameters relating to microvascular characteristics of tissue. Here we demonstrate the ability to construct statistical similarity functions for these parameters. Key to this process is the construction of an empirical measurement model and subsequent re-mapping of the original measured data to Gaussian random variables, suitable for use in a chi-squared similarity function. We use this approach to evaluate within and between subject variation in metastases. The evidence provided suggests it may be possible to perform tumour discrimination on the basis of these variables.
What does ‘local language’ mean in the context of Indonesia?

This paper has the modest aim of exploring and problematising the ways in which the terms bahasa daerah and local language are used. It does this at two levels: the societal and the individual. This brief discussion has examined some elements of the terminology employed at the societal and individual levels to talk about the languages used by communities and individual members of society respectively. We have seen that, although the term ‘local language’ is very widely used, it is also problematic. This is partly because it can be interpreted as being disrespectful and partly because it has no standard definition and is used with different senses in different contexts. In the Indonesian context, it is unclear whether the term bahasa daerah suffers from the same disadvantages as the English term ‘local language’. Legislation makes unambiguous statements about the respective functions of Bahasa Indonesia (‘Bahasa Indonesia berfungsi sebagai pengantar pendidikan’ (Republik Indonesia 2009, Bab III, Pasal 25)) and bahasa daerah (‘. sebagai kekayaan budaya negara’ (Republik Indonesia 2002)).
Biotechnologically Relevant Enzymes and Proteins

The oxidation of alkylaryl sulfides and benzo[b]thiophenes by Escherichia coli cells expressing wild-type and engineered styrene monooxygenase from Pseudomonas putida CA-3 Abstract Nine different sulfur-containing compounds were biotransformed to the corresponding sulfoxides by Escherichia coli Bl21(DE3) cells expressing styrene monoox-ygenase (SMO) from Pseudomonas putida CA-3. Thioanisole was consumed at 83.3 μmoles min −1 g cell dry weight −1 resulting mainly in the formation of R-thioanisole sulfoxide with an enantiomeric excess (ee) value of 45 %. The rate of 2-methyl-, 2-chloro-and 2-bromo-thioanisole consumption was 2-fold lower than that of thioanisole. Surprisingly, the 2-methylthioanisole sulfoxide product had the opposite (S) configuration to that of the other 2-substituted thioanisole derivatives and had a higher ee value (84 %). The rate of oxidation of 4-substituted thioanisoles was higher than the corresponding 2-substituted substrates but the ee values of the products were consistently lower (10–23 %). The rate of benzo[b]thio-phene and 2-methylbenzo[b]thiophene sulfoxidation was approximately 10-fold lower than that of thioanisole. The ee value of the benzo[b]thiophene sulfoxide could not be determined as the product racemized rapidly. E. coli cells expressing an engineered SMO (SMOeng R3-11) oxidised 2-substituted thioanisoles between 1.8-and 2.8-fold faster compared to cells expressing the wild-type enzyme. SMOeng R3-11 oxidised benzo[b]thiophene and 2-methylbenzo[b]thiophene 10.1 and 5.6 times faster that the wild-type enzyme. The stereospecific-ity of the reaction catalysed by SMOeng was unchanged from that of the wild type. Using the X-ray crystal structure of the P. putida S12 SMO, it was evident that the entrance of substrates into the SMO active site is limited by the binding pocket bottleneck formed by the side chains of Val-211 and Asn-46 carboxyamide group.
Towards large databases for Music Information Retrieval systems development and evaluation

In the context of MIR/MDL evaluation, a key component for evaluation would be the availability to the research community of a large corpus of test data consisting of both audio and structured music data. This paper proposes a possible path towards this goal by following the basic principles of the SpeechDat projects. SpeechDat refers to successive EC supported projects of large scale multilingual data collection for developing and testing several classes of speech recognition algorithms. Even if the domain of speech recognition differs from the domain of Music Information Retrieval, it is suggested that some of the SpeechDat experience could be applied to the collection of large audio/music database that would be suitable for MIR/MDL development and evaluation.
Sperm Proteases that May Be Involved in the Initiation of Sperm Motility in the Newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster

A protease of sperm in the newt Cynops pyrrhogaster that is released after the acrosome reaction (AR) is proposed to lyse the sheet structure on the outer surface of egg jelly and release sperm motility-initiating substance (SMIS). Here, we found that protease activity in the sperm head was potent to widely digest substrates beneath the sperm. The protease activity measured by fluorescein thiocarbamoyl-casein digestion was detected in the supernatant of the sperm after the AR and the activity was inhibited by 4-(2-aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride (AEBSF), an inhibitor for serine or cysteine protease, suggesting the release of serine and/or cysteine proteases by AR. In an in silico analysis of the testes, acrosins and 20S proteasome were identified as possible candidates of the acrosomal proteases. We also detected another AEBSF-sensitive protease activity on the sperm surface. Fluorescence staining with AlexaFluor 488-labeled AEBSF revealed a cysteine protease in the principal piece; it is localized in the joint region between the axial rod and undulating membrane, which includes an axoneme and produces powerful undulation of the membrane for forward sperm motility. These results indicate that AEBSF-sensitive proteases in the acrosome and principal piece may participate in the initiation of sperm motility on the surface of egg jelly.
Analyzing library collections with starfield visualizations

This paper presents a qualitative and formative study of the uses of a starfield-based visualization interface for analysis of library collections. The evaluation process has produced feedback that suggests ways to significantly improve starfield interfaces and the interaction process to improve their learnability and usability. The study also gave us clear indication of additional potential uses of starfield visualizations that can be exploited by further functionality and interface development. We report on resulting implications for the design and use of starfield visualizations that will impact their graphical interface features, their use for managing data quality and their potential for various forms of visual data mining. Although the current implementation and analysis focuses on the collection of a physical library, the most important contributions of our work will be in digital libraries, in which volume, complexity and dynamism of collections are increasing dramatically and tools are needed for visualization and analysis.
Analyst Forecasts and Price Discovery in Futures Markets: The Case of Natural Gas Storage

We investigate analyst forecasts in a unique setting, the natural gas storage market, and study the contribution of analysts in facilitating price discovery in futures markets. Using a high‐frequency database of analyst storage forecasts, we show that the market appears to condition expectations regarding a weekly storage release on the analyst forecasts and beyond that of various statistical‐based models. Further, we find that the market looks through the reported consensus analyst forecast and places differential emphasis on the individual forecasts of analysts according to their prior accuracy. Also, the market appears to place greater emphasis on analysts' long‐term accuracy than on their recent accuracy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 29:451–477, 2009