Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear filtering methods: basic approaches and software package

General solution of the estimation problem using Bayessian approach and leading to Bayessian recursive relations is described. Local estimation methods using analytical and numerical approach to solution of the relations and global estimation methods using analytical, numerical and simulation approaches are discussed. Software package for state estimation of discrete time dynamic stochastic system is developed and treated. It contains procedures for system design, system simulation, estimator setup and state estimation. The package is designed to be easily supplied with user defined estimators and thus it is suitable for estimator testing and quality comparison for different estimators. Usage of the nonlinear filtering software package is illustrated in a numerical example.
From Single Market to Economic Union: Essays in Memory of John A. Usher

Preface Introduction PART I: ECONOMIC AND MONETARY LAW AND POLICY 1. Denationalizing Monetary Policy: Reflections on 60 Years of European Monetary Integration 2. Does Economic Union Require a Fiscal Union? 3. Financial Supervision and Agency Power: Reflections on ESMA PART II: THE INTERNAL MARKET: EVOLUTION AND REGULATION 4. Some Problems of the Customs Union and the Internal Market 5. Betting, Monopolies, and the Protection of Public Order 6. Freedom of Commercial Expression and Public Health Protection: The Principle of Proportionality as a Tool to Strike the Balance 7. A Private Right Conferred Directly by EU Trade Mark Law: An Analysis of the Concept of 'Distinctiveness' under EU Law 8. The Concept of an Obstacle to Intra-EU Capital Movement in EU Law 9. Maximum versus Minimum Harmonization: Choosing between Unity and Diversity in the Search for the Soul of the Internal Market 10. The Motherhood Penalty: The Contribution of Europe 11. State Aid and Self-Government: Regional Taxation and the Shifting Spaces of Constitutional Autonomy 12. Member State Nationalities and the Internal Market: Illusions and Reality PART III: COMMON POLICIES 13. Chasing a Moving Target through a Thick Fog: Questioning the Objectives of the Common Agricultural Policy 14. Integrating 'Sustainable Development' in the European Government of Industry: Sea Fisheries and Aquaculture Compared PART IV: EXPANDING HORIZONS 15. Turkey: A Candidate State Destined to Join the Union? 16. Reshaping the Human Rights Landscape of the European Union 17. Towards a Draft Common Frame of Reference for Public Law? PART V: JUDICIAL PROTECTION AND ACCESS TO JUSTICE 18. The Lisbon Treaty, the Court of Justice, and the Rule of Law 19. Whose Law is to be Applied under the Rome Regulations? Concluding Essay: The Binding of Joseph
Ischemic Posterior Circulation Stroke: A Review of Anatomy, Clinical Presentations, Diagnosis, and Current Management

Posterior circulation strokes represent approximately 20% of all ischemic strokes (1, 2). In contrast to the anterior circulation, several differences in presenting symptoms, clinical evaluation, diagnostic testing, and management strategy exist presenting a challenge to the treating physician. This review will discuss the anatomical, etiological, and clinical classification of PC strokes, identify diagnostic pitfalls, and overview current therapeutic regimens.
Fault ride through capability of Fixed Speed Induction Generators connecting to full converter wind generation system within weak network

Current grid codes request the wind turbines (WTs) to have a decent level of fault ride through (FRT) capability and also participate in recovering the network stability following contingencies. Modern WTs are mostly equipped with power converters that allow them to control the output power under various operating conditions. However, there are some Fixed Speed Induction Generators (FSIGs) still operating. FSIGs have simple and economic construction. But under fault, they are very susceptible to rotor overspeed that may lead to disconnection from the grid. For variable speed WTs, application of power converters can improve the controllability of the turbines but modifications in their PQ capability are needed to meet the network requirements. This paper is aimed to investigate the impacts of connecting full converter wind generators (FCWGs) to improve FRT capability of FSIGs within a weak network. The implemented reactive power supports set in Danish and Australian Grid Codes will be assessed based on their influences on the FRT capability of FSIGs. Impacts of FCWGs locations as reactive power providers and fault durations on the FRT capability of FSIGs will also be discussed. Results confirm that FRT capability of FSIGs can be improved in accordance with enhanced capability of FCWGs.
Efficient registration of multiple range images for fully automatic 3D modeling

Multi-view range image registration is a significant and challenging problem for 3D modeling. This paper presents a reference shape based multi-view range image registration algorithm. First, a set of Rotational Projection Statistics (RoPS) features are extracted from the input range images. Next, the reference shape is initialized by selecting a range image from the input. The reference shape is then iteratively updated by registering itself with the remaining range images. The registration between the reference shape and any range image is completed by RoPS feature matching. Finally, all input range images are registered according to their corresponding reference shapes. A number of experiments were performed to test the performance of our algorithm. The experimental results show that the reference shape based algorithm can perform multi-view registration on a mixed set of unordered range images corresponding to several different objects. It is also very accurate and efficient. It outperformed the state-of-the-arts including the spanning tree based and connected graph based algorithms.
Optimized index construction for large text collections using blocked sort-based indexing

Indexes are the key technology corroborate efficient text search. This paper, present an optimized index construction strategies for file system search engine. Index construction can be done in two phase: apply analyzer rule and index compression respectively. For fast index construction in-memory blocked sort-based Index partitions approach is used. Inverted index data structure used to provide efficient query evaluation. Special attention is given to a particular case of desktop search system such as Windows Desktop Search and Apple spotlight. As one of the main result of this paper demonstrate the time complexity and space complexity of indexed file.
The impact of an increase in wine industry exports on the South African economy, focusing on the Western Cape

A marketing strategy undertaken by role players in the wine industry is expected to lead to increases in South African wine exports. A multi-sector analysis, which takes into account the linkage effects in an economy, was conducted to estimate the impact of an increase in wine exports on the South African economy. The increase in wine exports will be the result of changed perceptions and hence increases in the export price faced by South African wine producers. Results of a 10% increase in the international wine price indicated an increase of 0.1% in gross domestic product (GDP). The general positive effect on the economy is reflected by the creation of 5 824 employment opportunities, of which 20% is in the Western Cape. Factor incomes shows varied results, but are positive for all five labour groups identified in the Western Cape (increase between 0.11 and 0.16%). Domestic production of wine increases by 4.5%, while the volume of exports increases by 26.7% and domestic sales volume by 1.45%. When comparing long-run and short-run results it becomes evident that capital might be a binding constraint over the short-run, but seen in the light that in practice the increase in the international price will not happen overnight, this becomes less of an obstacle. A successful marketing strategy is likely to cause additional investment in the industry.
Higher Order Statistics in Switch and Stay Diversity Systems

We analyze the level crossing rate (LCR) and the average fade duration of the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in switch-and-stay combining (SSC) systems. By using a common approach, we study these higher order statistics for two different kinds of configurations: 1) colocated diversity, i.e., receiver equipped with multiple antennas, and 2) distributed diversity, i.e., relaying link with multiple single-antenna threshold-based decode-and-forward (DF) relays. Whenever using threshold-based techniques such as DF or SSC, the output SNR is a discontinuous random process, and hence, the classic Rice approach to calculate the LCR is not applicable. Thus, we use an alternative formulation, in terms of the 1-D and 2-D cumulative distribution functions of the output SNR. Our results are general and hold for any arbitrary fading distribution at the different diversity branches with any arbitrary time correlation model. Moreover, we develop a general asymptotic framework to calculate these higher order statistics in high average SNR environments that only needs the univariate probability density function (PDF), finding an insightful connection between the asymptotes of the LCR and the fading diversity order.
Plug and play distributed model predictive control based on distributed invariance and optimization

This paper presents a method for plug-and-play distributed MPC of a network of interacting linear systems. The previously introduced idea of plug and play control addresses the challenge of performing network changes in the form of subsystems that are joining or leaving the network during closed-loop operation, while maintaining stability and constraint satisfaction. This work extends these ideas to an iterative distributed MPC scheme for systems with strong coupling by employing a recently proposed method for distributed MPC that takes the coupling dynamics into account in the form of time-varying terminal sets and distributed optimization. A distributed synthesis procedure for the update of the local control laws is proposed together with a transition scheme preparing the system for the upcoming modifications. This enables automatic plug-and-play operation, including rejection if the new network topology is infeasible. Both the synthesis and online control are entirely distributed and are only based on local information on the subsystems and their coupled neighbors. Finally, the proposed scheme is applied to the problem of frequency control in a power network.
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)

Although DNA is associated with complex biological phenomena and has many physicochemical properties not easily explained, there is no doubt that the molecule consists to a large extent of the regular, and in some ways simple structure (1-3), derived from x-ray diffraction. We will describe here briefly new data on the s t ruc turethe x-ray diffraction measurements and molecular model building being much more exact than in our previous publications (4, 5). The DNA molecule has internal flexibility which enables the helical structure in the solid state to be twisted into either of two well defined configurations or changed reversibly from one to the other, e.g. (6). Proof of the correctness of the structure is doubly convincing because DNA can be studied in these two different forms. This proof resides in the fact that, with a base pairing of the Watson and Crick type (7), the helical structure may be arranged in these two ways, each of which is in agreement with the corresponding diffraction data. We have already published some data on the B configuration (4) and discussed the nature of the A configuration (5). Here we give a preliminary account of more accurate data for both the B and A configuration. The procedure in this work is to build molecular models making use of interatomic bond lengths and angles obtained from measurements on relatively simple compounds and to calculate the x-ray diffraction intensities expected from such a structure. The model is then adjusted until the calculated diffraction corresponds with the measured x-ray intensities.
Modified gravity with f(R) =

R − R 0 instead of Einstein-Hilbert action to describe the late time acceleration of the universe. We obtain the equation of the modified gravity both in the metric and Palatini formalisms. An asymptotic solution of gravity equations corresponding to a constant Ricci scalar causes a late time acceleration of the universe. We do a conformal transformation in the action of the modified gravity and obtain the equivalent minimally coupled scalar-tensor gravity. The equivalent Brans-Dicke gravity of this model is also studied. To examine this model with the observation, the perihelion Precession of the Mercury is compared with our prediction and we put an upper constraint of R0 < H 2 0 . This range for R0 is also in agreement with the cosmological acceleration at the present time. Finally we show that this action has instability for the small perturbations of the metric in vacuum solution in which adding a quadratic term of Ricci scalar can stabilize it.
Charge Pump Circuits for Low-voltage Applications

In this paper, a low-voltage, high performance charge pump circuit, suitable for implementation in standard CMOS technologies is proposed. Its pumping operation is based on cascading several crossconnected NMOS voltage doubler stages. For very low-voltage applications (1.2 V, 0.9 V), where the performance of the NMOS transistors is limited due to body effect, two improved versions of the charge pump with cascaded voltage doublers (charge pump with CVD) are also proposed. The first utilises PMOS transistors (charge pump with CVD-PMOS) in parallel to the cross-connected NMOS transistors, while the second improves the pumping gain by boosting the clock amplitude (charge pump with CVD-BCLK). Simulations at 50 MHz have shown that a five-stages charge pump with CVD can achieve a 1.5– 8.4 V voltage conversion. For the same stage number and frequency, an output voltage of 4 and 7.3 V can be generated from 0.9 V, by using the charge pump with CVD-PMOS and the charge pump with CVD-BCLK, respectively.
Markets and Diversity

Publisher's Note Introduction: Markets and Diversity Part I 1. Hedonic Prices and Implicit Markets: Product Differentiation in Pure Competition 2. Discrimination in the Market for Public School Teachers 3. The Value of Saving a Life: Evidence from the Labor Market 4. Learning and Experience in the Labor Market Part II 5. Substitution and Division of Labour 6. Education and Self-Selection 7. Specialization and Human Capital Part III 8. The Economics of Superstars 9. Authority, Control, and the Distribution of Earnings 10. Prizes and Incentives in Elimination Tournaments 11. Rank-Order Tournaments as Optimum Labor Contracts 12. Contracts and the Market for Executives Index
Development of Frame Systems Shell for Learning of Knowledge Representation Issues

The paper describes a created shell Frame System for Knowledge Representation (FSZA) that is used for student tutoring purpose. Functions that are available in the shell are described and its architecture presented. The requirements for the extension of the shell are formulated from the structural modelling viewpoint. The final goal of the outgoing work is to develop a flexible tool for knowledge representation and reasoning on complex systems structure, functions and behaviour.
Mating Type Protein Mat1-2 from Asexual Aspergillus fumigatus Drives Sexual Reproduction in Fertile Aspergillus nidulans

ABSTRACT The lack of an experimentally amenable sexual genetic system in Aspergillus fumigatus is a major limitation in the study of the organism's pathogenesis. A recent comparative genome analysis revealed evidence for potential sexuality in A. fumigatus. Homologs of mating type genes as well as other genes of the “sexual machinery” have been identified in anamorphic A. fumigatus. The mat1-2 gene encodes a homolog of MatA, an HMG box mating transcriptional factor (MatHMG) that regulates sexual development in fertile Aspergillus nidulans. In this study, the functionalities of A. fumigatus mat1-2 and the Mat1-2 protein were determined by interspecies gene exchange between sterile A. fumigatus and fertile A. nidulans. Ectopically integrated A. fumigatus mat1-2 (driven by its own promoter) was not functional in a sterile A. nidulans ΔmatA strain, and no sexual development was observed. In contrast, the A. fumigatus mat1-2 open reading frame driven by the A. nidulans matA promoter and integrated by homologous gene replacement at the matA locus was functional and conferred full fertility. This is the first report showing that cross species mating type gene exchange between closely related Ascomycetes did not function in sexual development. This is also the first report demonstrating that a MatHMG protein from an asexual species is fully functional, with viable ascospore differentiation, in a fertile homothallic species. The expression of mat1-2 was assessed in A. fumigatus and A. nidulans. Our data suggest that mat1-2 may not be properly regulated to allow sexuality in A. fumigatus. This study provides new insights about A. fumigatus asexuality and also suggests the possibility for the development of an experimentally amenable sexual cycle.
Continuous vagal IONM prevents recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis by revealing initial EMG changes of impending neuropraxic injury: A prospective, multicenter study

Existing intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) formats stimulate the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) intermittently, exposing it to risk for injury in between stimulations. We report electrophysiologic parameters of continuous vagal monitoring, utilizing a novel real‐time IONM format, and relate these parameters to intraoperative surgical maneuvers that delineate nascent adverse but reversible electrophysiologic parameters to prevent nerve injury. These results are correlated with postoperative vocal cord functional outcome.
Incidence of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Korea

A nationwide survey was conducted to determine the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in Korea and the intercenter differences in survival and BPD rates among preterm infants. Questionnaires were sent to all registered neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The questionnaires inquired about the survival and BPD rates of very low birth weight (VLBW, < 1,500 g) infants who had been admitted to each NICU from 2007 to 2008. BPD was defined as requiring oxygen at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. Almost all level III NICUs replied. During the study period, 3,841 VLBW infants were born in the NICUs that responded to the survey. The survival rate was 81% and the BPD rate was 18%. Combined outcome of BPD or death rate was 37%. The BPD rate and combined outcome of BPD or death rate varied considerably from 5% to 50% and 11% to 73%, respectively across the centers. There was no significant correlation between the survival rate and the BPD rate across the centers. In conclusion, the incidence of BPD among VLBW infants in Korea during the study period was 18%, and a considerable intercenter difference in BPD rates was noted.
Modeling and simulation of Ran-mediated nuclear import

We present here a detailed description of the model of ran-driven nuclear transduction in living cells to be published in [9]. The mathematical model presented is the first to account for the active transport of molecules along the cytoplasmic microtubules. All parameters entering the models are thoroughly discussed. The simulations, carried out using the numerical scheme presented in [8], reproduce the behavior observed experimentally.
Evaluating Compiler Support for Complexity Effective Network Processing

Statically scheduled processors are known to enable low complexity hardware implementations that lead to reduced design and verification time. However, statically scheduled processors are critically dependent on the compiler to exploit instruction level parallelism and deliver higher performance. In order to ascertain the suitability of statically scheduled processors for network processing (which constitutes a significant segment of the microprocessor industry), we evaluate the performance of aggressive compiler optimizations for networking applications. We perform our evaluations on two multiple issue processors that extensively exploit static scheduling: in-order superscalar and VLIW. Our results indicate that: (1) the compiler optimizations significantly improve packet throughput on both these processors and this improved throughput is comparable with that reported for agressive out-of-order superscalar processors, (2) the performance advantage of an in-order superscalar processor over a VLIW processor is less than 1.8%, suggesting VLIW processors for complexity-effective designs, and (3) the increase in performance due to doubling processor frequency is limited to a maximum of 37%, due to instruction and memory latencies.
Neurotoxins: Free Radical Mechanisms and Melatonin Protection

Toxins that pass through the blood-brain barrier put neurons and glia in peril. The damage inflicted is usually a consequence of the ability of these toxic agents to induce free radical generation within cells but especially at the level of the mitochondria. The elevated production of oxygen and nitrogen-based radicals and related non-radical products leads to the oxidation of essential macromolecules including lipids, proteins and DNA. The resultant damage is referred to as oxidative and nitrosative stress and, when the molecular destruction is sufficiently severe, it causes apoptosis or necrosis of neurons and glia. Loss of brain cells compromises the functions of the central nervous system expressed as motor, sensory and cognitive deficits and psychological alterations. In this survey we summarize the publications related to the following neurotoxins and the protective actions of melatonin: aminolevulinic acid, cyanide, domoic acid, kainic acid, metals, methamphetamine, polychlorinated biphenyls, rotenone, toluene and 6-hydroxydopamine. Given the potent direct free radical scavenging activities of melatonin and its metabolites, their ability to indirectly stimulate antioxidative enzymes and their efficacy in reducing electron leakage from mitochondria, it would be expected that these molecules would protect the brain from oxidative and nitrosative molecular mutilation. The studies summarized in this review indicate that this is indeed the case, an action that is obviously assisted by the fact that melatonin readily crosses the blood brain barrier.
Capturing Design Rationale by Annotating E-mails

Development of a large and complex system, such as satellites, is a knowledge intensive task. Applying knowledge management to such a domain appears to lead to a more efficient development process. However, it has been reported that knowledge management suffers from capture bottleneck, i.e. lack of incentives for members of the community to invest time in sharing their resources, or knowledge. In this paper, we propose an approach to capture design rationale from e-mail communication. We describe the prototype system and analysis of applying the method to an e-mail archive of a satellite development project.