Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi Label Boosting for Image Classification

In this paper we present a new object recognition system named Multi Label Boosting which learns from multi-label data through boosting and improves the performance of Multi Instance Learning. In an image the instance may belongs to several classes. The main challenge of this problem is that usually classes are overlapped and correlated. In single instance the correlation among instance is not taken into account. The correlations among different tags can significantly help predicting precise labels for improving the performance of image classification. The proposed framework comprises an input image which can be partitioned into image patches and features can be extracted. It proposes Multi Label Boosting, breaks the original training set into several disjoint clusters of data and k means clustering is used to perform automatic instance cluster. Kernel canonical Correlation analysis can be made between disjoint clusters to know exact correspondence between image patches. The SVM classifier used to classify the image based on domain specific. Multi label boosting is one potential solution to address the issue of huge inter-concept visual similarity and improve the classification accuracy. Applications of image classification are computer vision, object recognition, pattern recognition, computer graphics, medical imaging.
A Two-Phase Path-Relinking Algorithm for the Generalized Assignment Problem

where, for i ∈ N and j ∈ M , xij is a binary variable indicating whether job i is assigned to agent j or not, cij is the profit of assigning job i to agent j, aij is the amount of resource consumed by job i when assigned to agent j, and bj is the available amount of resource of agent j. Applications concern production planning, computer or communication networks, facility location or vehicle routing. This NP-hard problem has been extensively studied in the literature. We refer to Cattrysse and Van Wassenhove [2] for a comprehensive survey on methods solving the GAP to optimality. Let us mention some papers on this topic.
Plasma malondialdehyde as biomarker for oxidative stress : reference interval and effects of life-style factors

Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of the most frequently used indicators of lipid peroxidation. To generate reliable reference intervals for plasma malondialdehyde (P-MDA), a reference sample group was established in Funen, Denmark. The group consisted of 213 individuals (107 men, 106 women), ages 20–79 years. P-MDA was measured in EDTA-treated plasma after derivatization by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and separation on HPLC. UV detection was performed at 532 nm. A reference interval was calculated as recommended by IFCC with REFVAL 3.42. The estimated reference limits (0.025 and 0.975 fractals) for the group were 0.36 and 1.24 mmol/L. The data were analyzed for genderand age-related differences. Analysis of variance showed no interaction between gender and age, but separate analyses showed an independent effect of gender (P 5 0.03), but not of age (P 5 0.11). Daily smokers had a slightly higher average concentration of P-MDA than nonsmokers (P 5 0.05), and P-MDA correlated with daily exposure to cigarette smoke (r 5 0.162; P 5 0.03). A positive correlation was also demonstrated between P-MDA and weekly alcohol consumption (r 5 0.153; P 5 0.03). Within-subject and day-to-day variations of P-MDA indicated that the potential of P-MDA as a biomarker for individuals is questionable. However, on a group basis, the present data support that P-MDA may be a potential biomarker for oxidative stress.
Improving Quality in Stroke Rehabilitation

Abstract Given the numerous quality improvement (QI) initiatives that have been undertaken in various medical fields, it is clear that inpatient rehabilitation services, particularly those geared toward stroke rehabilitation, can also benefit from these programs. To effectively evaluate the quality of rehabilitation services, indicators measuring structure, process, and outcomes must be included as part of any QI initiative. In addition to measuring quality, these indicators can be used to describe and address disparities in the provision of rehabilitation services on the basis of race, socioeconomic status, geography, disability status, and a multitude of other demographic factors. To improve quality and address health disparities associated with stroke rehabilitation, QI initiatives must be scientifically driven, continuing the trend of evidence-based practice in medicine. They must also remain flexible, because the science of quality improvement is an ever-changing field. It will be a challenge to convince physicians and other health care professionals that QI initiatives are a worthwhile investment of their limited time and resources, and further research is required to move the field of quality in stroke rehabilitation forward.
Hox Transcription Factors: Modulators of Cell-Cell and Cell-Extracellular Matrix Adhesion

Hox genes encode homeodomain-containing transcription factors that determine cell and tissue identities in the embryo during development. Hox genes are also expressed in various adult tissues and cancer cells. In Drosophila, expression of cell adhesion molecules, cadherins and integrins, is regulated by Hox proteins operating in hierarchical molecular pathways and plays a crucial role in segment-specific organogenesis. A number of studies using mammalian cultured cells have revealed that cell adhesion molecules responsible for cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions are downstream targets of Hox proteins. However, whether Hox transcription factors regulate expression of cell adhesion molecules during vertebrate development is still not fully understood. In this review, the potential roles Hox proteins play in cell adhesion and migration during vertebrate body patterning are discussed.
Quadratic exact-size and linear approximate-size random generation of planar graphs

This extended abstract introduces a new algorithm for the random generation of labelled planar graphs. Its principles rely on Boltzmann samplers as recently developed by Duchon, Flajolet, Louchard, and Schaeffer. It combines the Boltzmann framework, a judicious use of rejection, a new combinatorial bijection found by Fusy, Poulalhon and Schaeffer, as well as a precise analytic description of the generating functions counting planar graphs, which was recently obtained by Gimenez and Noy. This gives rise to an extremely efficient algorithm for the random generation of planar graphs. There is a preprocessing step of some fixed small cost. Then, for each generation, the time complexity is quadratic for exact-size uniform sampling and linear for approximate-size sampling. This greatly improves on the best previously known time complexity for exact-size uniform sampling of planar graphs with $n$ vertices, which was a little over $\mathcal{O}(n^7)$.
The Fidelity of Recovery Is Multiplicative

Fawzi and Renner recently established a lower bound on the conditional quantum mutual information (CQMI) of tripartite quantum states ABC in terms of the fidelity of recovery (FoR), i.e., the maximal fidelity of the state ABC with a state reconstructed from its marginal BC by acting only on the C system. The FoR measures quantum correlations by the local recoverability of global states and has many properties similar to the CQMI. Here, we generalize the FoR and show that the resulting measure is multiplicative by utilizing semi-definite programming duality. This allows us to simplify an operational proof by Brandão et al. of the above-mentioned lower bound that is based on quantum state redistribution. In particular, in contrast to the previous approaches, our proof does not rely on de Finetti reductions.
Acquisition of Chinese characters: the effects of character properties and individual differences among second language learners

In light of the dramatic growth of Chinese learners worldwide and a need for cross-linguistic research on Chinese literacy development, this study drew upon theories of visual complexity effect (Su and Samuels, 2010) and dual-coding processing (Sadoski and Paivio, 2013) and investigated (a) the effects of character properties (i.e., visual complexity and radical presence) on character acquisition and (b) the relationship between individual learner differences in radical awareness and character acquisition. Participants included adolescent English-speaking beginning learners of Chinese in the U.S. Following Kuo et al. (2014), a novel character acquisition task was used to investigate the process of acquiring the meaning of new characters. Results showed that (a) characters with radicals and with less visual complexity were easier to acquire than characters without radicals and with greater visual complexity; and (b) individual differences in radical awareness were associated with the acquisition of all types of characters, but the association was more pronounced with the acquisition of characters with radicals. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings were discussed.
Suppression of experimental uveitis by a recombinant adeno-associated virus vector encoding interleukin-1 receptor antagonist

Purpose To evaluate the potential of gene therapy with a recombinant adeno-associated virus vector encoding the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene (rAAV-IL-1Ra) in the treatment of experimental uveitis. Methods The vitreal cavity of New Zealand white rabbits was injected with rAAV-IL-1Ra (4×107 infectious units), and the contralateral eye was injected with the same amount of rAAV-LacZ or PBS as a control. Transgene expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and RT-PCR. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of rAAV-IL-1Ra, experimental uveitis was induced by intravitreal injection of IL-1α at 10 and 100 days after rAAV–IL-1Ra administration. The effects of rAAV-IL-1Ra on experimental uveitis were investigated using histological and aqueous analysis. Results Following intravitreal injection of rAAV-IL-1Ra, transgene expression was found in various cell types of the ocular tissues, such as ciliary epithelial cells, retinal ganglion cells, and retinal pigment epithelial cells. RT-PCR and ELISA showed that the IL-1Ra transgene persisted in the rabbit eye for at least 100 days. Compared with the control eyes, the transgene expression ameliorated experimental uveitis at 10 and 100 days after a single administration of rAAV-IL-1Ra. Conclusions Intravitreal administration of rAAV-IL-1Ra led to sustained human IL-1Ra transgene expression in rabbit eyes for 100 days. The transgene expression suppressed uveitis episodes at 10 and 100 days after rAAV-IL-1Ra injection. Long-term suppression of experimental uveitis could be achieved by gene therapy with rAAV-IL-1Ra.
Automated clinical reminders for primary care providers in the care of CKD: a small cluster-randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND Primary care physicians (PCPs) care for most non-dialysis-dependent patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Studies suggest that PCPs may deliver suboptimal CKD care. One means to improve PCP treatment of CKD is clinical decision support systems (CDSSs). STUDY DESIGN Cluster-randomized controlled trial. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 30 PCPs in a university-based outpatient general internal medicine practice and their 248 patients with moderate to advanced CKD who had not been referred to a nephrologist. INTERVENTION 2 CKD educational sessions were held for PCPs in both arms. The 15 intervention-arm PCPs also received real-time automated electronic medical record alerts for patients with estimated glomerular filtration rates <45 mL/min/1.73 m(2) recommending renal referral and urine albumin quantification if not done within the prior year. OUTCOMES Primary outcome was referral to a nephrologist; secondary outcomes were albuminuria/proteinuria assessment, CKD documentation, optimal blood pressure (ie, <130/80 mm Hg), and use of renoprotective medications. RESULTS The intervention and control arms did not differ in renal referrals (9.7% vs 16.5%, respectively; between-group difference, -6.8%; 95% CI, -15.5% to 1.8%; P = 0.1) or proteinuria assessments (39.3% vs 30.1%, respectively; between-group difference, 9.2%; 95% CI, -2.7% to 21.1%; P = 0.1). For intervention and control patients without a baseline proteinuria assessment, 27.7% versus 16.3%, respectively, had one at follow-up (P = 0.06). After controlling for clustering, these findings were largely unchanged and no significant differences were apparent between groups. LIMITATIONS Small single-center university-based practice, use of a passive CDSS that required PCPs to trigger the electronic order set. CONCLUSIONS PCPs were willing to partake in a randomized trial of a CDSS to improve outpatient CKD care. Although CDSSs may have potential, larger studies are needed to further explore how best to deploy them to enhance CKD care.
Learning to Exploit Structured Resources for Lexical Inference

Massive knowledge resources, such as Wikidata, can provide valuable information for lexical inference, especially for proper-names. Prior resource-based approaches typically select the subset of each resource’s relations which are relevant for a particular given task. The selection process is done manually, limiting these approaches to smaller resources such as WordNet, which lacks coverage of propernames and recent terminology. This paper presents a supervised framework for automatically selecting an optimized subset of resource relations for a given target inference task. Our approach enables the use of large-scale knowledge resources, thus providing a rich source of high-precision inferences over proper-names. 1
The Neglect of Governance in Forest Sector Vulnerability Assessments: Structural-Functionalism and “Black Box” Problems in Climate Change Adaptation Planning

Efforts to develop extensive forest-based climate change vulnerability assessments have informed proposed management and policy options intended to promote improved on-the-ground policy outcomes. These assessments are derived from a rich vulnerability literature and are helpful in modeling complex ecosystem interactions, yet their policy relevance and impact has been limited. We argue this is due to structural-functional logic underpinning these assessments in which governance is treated as a procedural “black box” and policy-making as an undifferentiated and unproblematic output of a political system responding to input changes and/or system prerequisites. Like an earlier generation of systems or cybernetic thinking about political processes, the focus in these assessments on macro system-level variables and relationships fails to account for the multi-level or polycentric nature of governance and the possibility of policy processes resulting in the nonperformance of critical tasks.
Performance of concrete in sulfate environments

This report describes a 16-year field and laboratory test program to evaluate portland cement concrete performance in sulfate-rich environments. Variables included water-cement ratio, cement composition, cement replacements and additions, surface treatments, and exposure conditions. A severe exposure consisting of either partial immersion in a 6.5% sulfate concentration (65,000 ppm) with alternate wetting and drying, or continuous immersion at constant temperature was employed. Visual ratings and expansion measurements were used to evaluate performance. Long-term results confirmed that the ratio of water to total cementitious materials and resulting permeability were primary factors determining performance in outdoor exposures. Use of low ratios of water to total cementitious materials provided the greatest resistance to sulfate attack on the concrete. Surface treatments, particularly silicon-based waterproofing materials, were generally beneficial with some dependence on relative permeability of the concrete design mixture. Cement replacements were of lesser importance, depending on type of replacement material. Cement composition was of limited importance. Continuous immersion in the same sodium sulfate concentration resulted in superior performance of the concrete prisms in the laboratory compared with companion concrete beams in the field. These prisms all were in excellent condition after 12 years immersion, regardless of materials or treatments. Continuous immersion in sulfate solution resulted in essentially no deterioration, whereas cyclic immersion resulted in progressive scaling and loss of aggregate. The cyclic salt crystallization process was shown to be a major cause of concrete distress, while the traditional explanation of concrete expansion due to chemical reaction of aluminates from cement hydration and sulfates from external sources appeared to be of only minor significance.
Isoflurane-Induced Changes in Righting Response and Breathing Are Modulated by RGS Proteins

BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggests that G protein–coupled receptors, especially those linked to G&agr;i, contribute to the mechanisms of anesthetic action. Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins bind to activated G&agr;i and inhibit signal transduction. Genomic knock-in mice with an RGS-insensitive G&agr;i2 G184S (G&agr;i2 GS) allele exhibit enhanced G&agr;i2 signaling and provide a novel approach for investigating the role of G&agr;i2 signaling and RGS proteins in general anesthesia. METHODS: We anesthetized homozygous G&agr;i2 GS/GS and wild-type (WT) mice with isoflurane and quantified time (in seconds) to loss and resumption of righting response. During recovery from isoflurane anesthesia, breathing was quantified in a plethysmography chamber for both lines of mice. RESULTS: G&agr;i2 GS/GS mice required significantly less time for loss of righting and significantly more time for resumption of righting than WT mice. During recovery from isoflurane anesthesia, G&agr;i2 GS/GS mice exhibited significantly greater respiratory depression. Poincaré analyses show that GS/GS mice have diminished respiratory variability compared with WT mice. CONCLUSION: Modulation of G&agr;i2 signaling by RGS proteins alters loss and resumption of wakefulness and state-dependent changes in breathing.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Plasma Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the InCHIANTI Study

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have a role in many physiological processes, including energy production, modulation of inflammation, and maintenance of cell membrane integrity. High plasma PUFA concentrations have been shown to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease and mortality. To identify genetic contributors of plasma PUFA concentrations, we conducted a genome-wide association study of plasma levels of six omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in 1,075 participants in the InCHIANTI study on aging. The strongest evidence for association was observed in a region of chromosome 11 that encodes three fatty acid desaturases (FADS1, FADS2, FADS3). The SNP with the most significant association was rs174537 near FADS1 in the analysis of arachidonic acid (AA; p = 5.95×10−46). Minor allele homozygotes had lower AA compared to the major allele homozygotes and rs174537 accounted for 18.6% of the additive variance in AA concentrations. This SNP was also associated with levels of eicosadienoic acid (EDA; p = 6.78×10−9) and eicosapentanoic acid (EPA; p = 1.07×10−14). Participants carrying the allele associated with higher AA, EDA, and EPA also had higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and total cholesterol levels. Outside the FADS gene cluster, the strongest region of association mapped to chromosome 6 in the region encoding an elongase of very long fatty acids 2 (ELOVL2). In this region, association was observed with EPA (rs953413; p = 1.1×10−6). The effects of rs174537 were confirmed in an independent sample of 1,076 subjects participating in the GOLDN study. The ELOVL2 SNP was associated with docosapentanoic and DHA but not with EPA in GOLDN. These findings show that polymorphisms of genes encoding enzymes in the metabolism of PUFA contribute to plasma concentrations of fatty acids.
Diagnostic accuracy and recall rates for digital mammography and digital mammography combined with one-view and two-view tomosynthesis: results of an enriched reader study.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare two methods of combining tomosynthesis with digital mammography by assessing diagnostic accuracy and recall rates for digital mammography alone and digital mammography combined with one-view tomosynthesis and two-view tomosynthesis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Three hundred ten cases including biopsy-proven malignancies (51), biopsy-proven benign findings (47), recalled screening cases (138), and negative screening cases (74) were reviewed by 15 radiologists sequentially using digital mammography, adding one-view tomosynthesis, and then two-view tomosynthesis. Cases were assessed for recall and assigned a BI-RADS score and probability of malignancy for each imaging method. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Screening recall rates were compared using pooled logistical regression analysis. A p value of < 0.0167 was considered significant. RESULTS The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for digital mammography (DM), DM plus one-view tomosynthesis, and DM plus two-view tomosynthesis was 0.828, 0.864, and 0.895, respectively. Both one-view and two-view tomosynthesis plus DM were significantly better than DM alone (Δ AUCs 0.036 [p = 0.009] and 0.068 [p < 0.001]). Average noncancer recall rates for digital mammography, DM plus one-view tomosynthesis, and DM plus two-view tomosynthesis were 44.2%, 27.2%, and 24.0%, respectively. Combined with DM, one-view and two-view tomosynthesis both showed significantly lower noncancer recall rates than digital mammography alone (p < 0.001). Digital mammography with two-view tomosynthesis showed a significantly lower recall rate than digital mammography with one-view tomosynthesis (p < 0.001). Diagnostic accuracy for dense (Δ AUC, 0.091%; p < 0.001) and nondense (Δ AUC, 0.035%; p = 0.001) breasts improved with DM plus two-view tomosynthesis compared with digital mammography alone. Compared with digital mammography, diagnostic sensitivity for invasive cancers increased with the addition of both one-view (Δ12.0%, p < 0.001) and two-view (Δ21.7%, p < 0.001) tomosynthesis. CONCLUSION The addition of one-view tomosynthesis to conventional digital mammography improved diagnostic accuracy and reduced the recall rate; however, the addition of two-view tomosynthesis provided twice the performance gain in diagnostic accuracy while further reducing the recall rate.
On Sustainable Development of Eco-Agricultural Tourism in Low-Carbon Economy

Low-carbon economy has become an inevitable tendency of economic development of human society. Starting from the basic conception of low-carbon economy and eco-agricultural tourism, the article analyzes the reasons why developing low-carbon eco-agricultural tourism is a certain choice to achieve sustainable development of tourism industry. Meanwhile, it also puts forward some countermeasures for sustainable development of eco-agricultural tourism from the perspective of low-carbon economy.