Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolated osteoclasts resorb the organic and inorganic components of bone

Osteoclasts are the principal resorptive cells of bone, yet their capacity to degrade collagen, the major organic component of bone matrix, remains unexplored. Accordingly, we have studied the bone resorptive activity of highly enriched populations of isolated chicken osteoclasts, using as substrate devitalized rat bone which had been labeled in vivo with L-[5-3H]proline or 45Ca, and bone-like matrix produced and mineralized in vitro by osteoblast-like rat osteosarcoma cells. When co-cultured with a radiolabeled substrate, osteoclast- mediated mineral mobilization reached a maximal rate within 2 h, whereas organic matrix degradation appeared more slowly, reaching maximal rate by 12-24 h. Thereafter, the rates of organic and inorganic matrix resorption were essentially linear and parallel for at least 6 d when excess substrate was available. Osteoclast-mediated degradation of bone collagen was confirmed by amino acid analysis. 39% of the solubilized tritium was recovered as trans-4-hydroxyproline, 47% as proline. 10,000 osteoclasts solubilized 70% of the total radioactivity and 65% of the [3H]-trans-4-hydroxyproline from 100 micrograms of 25-50 micron bone fragments within 5 d. Virtually all released tritium- labeled protein was of low molecular weight, 99% with Mr less than or equal to 10,000, and 65% with Mr less than or equal to 1,000. Moreover, when the 14% of resorbed [3H]proline-labeled peptides with Mr greater than or equal to 2,000 were examined for the presence of TCA and TCB, the characteristic initial products of mammalian collagenase activity, none was detected by SDS PAGE. In addition, osteoclast-conditioned medium had no collagenolytic activity, and exogenous TCA and TCB fragments were not degraded by osteoclasts. On the other hand, osteoclast lysates have collagenolytic enzyme activity in acidic but not in neutral buffer, with maximum activity at pH 4.0. These data indicate that osteoclasts have the capacity to resorb the organic phase of bone by a process localized to the osteoclast and its attachment site. This process appears to be independent of secretion of neutral collagenase and probably reflects acid protease activity.
SATELLITE IMAGE CLASSIFICATION USING WAVELET TRANSFORM

Classification of satellite data has received considerable attention during the past decades. One difficulty of texture analysis in the past was a lack of adequate tools to characterize different scales of textures effectively. Recent space-frequency analytical tools like the wavelet transform can effectively characterize the coupling of different scales in texture and help to overcome the difficulty. This presents a wavelet based texture classification technique that is applied to a MSS image of Madurai City, South India. The feature extraction stage of the technique uses wavelets (Coiflet, Daubechies and Symlet) to derive a texture feature vector and this vector is input to a kmeans classifier, an unsupervised classification procedure. Four indices (user’s accuracy, producer’s accuracy, overall accuracy and Kappa co-efficient) are used to assess the accuracy of the classified data. The experiment results show that the performance of the presented technique is better than the classical techniques.
Potential Compensation among Group I PAK Members in Hindlimb Ischemia and Wound Healing

PAKs are serine/threonine kinases that regulate cytoskeletal dynamics and cell migration. PAK1 is activated by binding to the small EF hand protein, CIB1, or to the Rho GTPases Rac1 or Cdc42. The role of PAK1 in angiogenesis was established based only on in vitro studies and its role in angiogenesis in vivo has never been examined. Here we tested the hypothesis that PAK1 is an essential regulator of ischemic neovascularization (arteriogenesis and angiogenesis) and wound healing using a global PAK1 knockout mouse. Neovascularization was assessed using unilateral hindlimb ischemia. We found that plantar perfusion, limb use and appearance were not significantly different between 6–8 week old PAK1−/− and PAK1+/+ mice throughout the 21-day period following hindlimb ischemia; however a slightly delayed healing was observed in 16 week old PAK1−/− mice. In addition, the wound healing rate, as assessed with an ear punch assay, was unchanged in PAK1−/− mice. Surprisingly, however, we observed a notable increase in PAK2 expression and phosphorylation in ischemic gastrocnemius tissue from PAK1−/− but not PAK1+/+ mice. Furthermore, we observed higher levels of activated ERK2, but not AKT, in ischemic and non-ischemic muscle of PAK1−/− mice upon hindlimb ischemic injury. A group I PAK inhibitor, IPA3, significantly inhibited endothelial cell sprouting from aortic rings in both PAK1−/− and PAK1+/+ mice, implying that PAK2 is a potential contributor to this process. Taken together, our data indicate that while PAK1 has the potential to contribute to neovascularization and wound healing, PAK2 may functionally compensate when PAK1 is deficient.
XML in Web Data Mining Application

The difficult issue of Web data mining is proposed to achieve Web data mining method, which is based on XML-based Web database in the face of semi-structured data structure excavation process, the data feature extraction process, we found the hidden rules and knowledge, the method is simple, effective and low cost. The paper first gives the definition of data mining; describes the process and commonly used data mining techniques; followed by a discussion of the Web data mining and XML, pointed out that the difficulties of Web data mining, as well as XML in Web data mining applications. In this paper, Web data mining research and engineering and technical personnel have a certain reference value.
C-V Level Set Model Based on the Gaussian Laplace Operator

The traditional Chan-Vese (C-V) model is sensitive to noise and inaccurate positioning of the edges in an image. This paper proposes a C-V model based on the Gaussian Laplace operator. By smoothing the image, the Gaussian smoothing function can reduce noise on the image segmentation. The Laplace operator can detect zero crossing points, and then determine the edge positions of the image. The experiments show that the proposed algorithm can achieve good segmentation effect.
Image compression with inpainting

In common wireless scenario, the data needs to be efficiently compressed by utilizing the channel bandwidth and thus to increase the data bit rate. The image is transmitted over the channel block by block. We can enhance the compression performance by intelligently choosing blocks from the image with non-relevant information in it. By removing these small blocks, we can reconstruct the lost data using correlation between the lost blocks and its neighbors. This is automatically done in a fast way by using the boundary information, thereby allowing to simultaneously fill-in numerous regions containing completely different structures and surrounding backgrounds. This paper addresses the issue of performing inpainting on the decompressed image to fill in the missing information. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated with various compression factors. Quantitative analysis of the desired compression ratio and the quality of the restored image is conducted.
From Acupuncture to Interaction between δ-Opioid Receptors and Na+ Channels: A Potential Pathway to Inhibit Epileptic Hyperexcitability

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders affecting about 1% of population. Although the precise mechanism of its pathophysiological changes in the brain is unknown, epilepsy has been recognized as a disorder of brain excitability characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures that result from the abnormal, excessive, and synchronous activity of clusters of nerve cells in the brain. Currently available therapies, including medical, surgical, and other strategies, such as ketogenic diet and vagus nerve stimulation, are symptomatic with their own limitations and complications. Seeking new strategies to cure this serious disorder still poses a big challenge to the field of medicine. Our recent studies suggest that acupuncture may exert its antiepileptic effects by normalizing the disrupted neuronal and network excitability through several mechanisms, including lowering the overexcited neuronal activity, enhancing the inhibitory system, and attenuating the excitatory system in the brain via regulation of the interaction between δ-opioid receptors (DOR) and Na+ channels. This paper reviews the progress in this field and summarizes new knowledge based on our work and those of others.
A New Biocryptosystem-Oriented Security Analysis Framework and Implementation of Multibiometric Cryptosystems Based on Decision Level Fusion

Biometric cryptosystems provide an innovative solution for cryptographic key generation, encryption as well as biometric template protection. Besides high authentication accuracy, a good biometric cryptosystem is expected to protect biometric templates effectively, which requires that helper data does not reveal significant information about the templates. Previous works predominantly follow an appropriate entropy definition to measure the security of biometric cryptosystems. In this paper, we point out limitations of entropy-based security analysis and propose a new security analysis framework that combines information-theoretic approach with computational security. In addition, we construct a fingerprint-based multibiometric cryptosystem (MBC) using decision level fusion. Hash functions are employed in our construction to further protect each single biometric trait. The experimental results and security analysis demonstrate that the proposed MBC provides stronger security and better authentication accuracy compared with a cryptosystem based on single biometric.
The Relation Between the Nuclei Population and the Cavitation Event Rate for Cavitation on a Schiebe Body

Simultaneous measurements were made of the cavitation event rates on a Schiebe body and the nuclei number distributions in the oncoming stream in the Low Turbulence Water Tunnel at Caltech. Cavitation inception occurred at an average cavitation number of 0.57. Cavitation event rates increased dramatically as the cavitation number was decreased. It was also found that both the magnitude and the shape of the nuclei distribution changed substantially with the operating condition. These changes had very strong effect on the event rate and therefore on cavitation inception number based on a fixed event rate. At the same cavitation number, the changes in the event rate due to different free stream nuclei populations can be as much as a decade. The changes in the shape of the nuclei distribution occurred mostly in the nuclei size range above 15 [microns]. The nuclei concentration tended to increase as cavitation number was decreased. And the cavitation event rate increased with the free stream nuclei concentration. The measured nuclei density distributions are used in an analytical model which attempts to correlate the event rate with the nuclei population. The predicted event rates are compared with those observed experimentally.
A 6D-pose estimation method for UAV using known lines

This paper introduces efficient 6D global pose estimation algorithms for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) using known lines. The algorithms are designed in the context of International Aerial Robotics Competition (IARC) Mission-7. Two algorithms are introduced in this paper. The first one is to first localize the UAV on a line using two known lines, then the precise position is refined by a third point. The second algorithm recovers the pose of the UAV by observation of a corner of the playground. 3D UAV attitude can also be calculated. Validation results indicate the accuracy and robustness of both algorithms.
Diversity and Multiplexing in Cooperative Wireless Cellular Networks

In wireless cellular systems, capacity can be increased if both in-cell and out-of-cell cochannel interference (CCI) is properly handled. Moreover, spatial multiplexing has been proved to be much effective in multiuser MIMO systems. The authors propose a cross-layer approach to opportunistic interference management and spatial multiplexing, by using a random beamforming strategy and a smart scheduler assuming a certain degree of cooperation between transmitters. In this paper, we recall the resource allocation algorithm, we derive the PDF and CDF of the SINR of a simplified cooperative multiuser MIMO system and we discuss some numerical results. In particular, we examine the tradeoff between spatial diversity and multiplexing as a function of the out-of-cell CCI level. Numerical results show that, for high out-of-cell interference, a larger throughput is achieved if at most one user is scheduled at a time in each cell. Otherwise, spatial multiplexing must be used to improve the system overall throughput. The CCI threshold value strongly depends on the receivers complexity (e.g., MISO or MIMO).
Symmetry properties of the Novelli-Pak-Stoyanovskii algorithm

The number of standard Young tableaux of a fixed shape is famously given by the hook-length formula due to Frame, Robinson and Thrall. A bijective proof of Novelli, Pak and Stoyanovskii relies on a sorting algorithm akin to jeu-de-taquin which transforms an arbitrary filling of a partition into a standard Young tableau by exchanging adjacent entries. Recently, Krattenthaler and Muller defined the complexity of this algorithm as the average number of performed exchanges, and Neumann and the author proved it fulfils some nice symmetry properties. In this paper we recall and extend the previous results and provide new bijective proofs.
Quality of care and early childhood developmental status in Nepal: a multilevel analysis

ABSTRACT This study aims to look at the early childhood developmental (ECD) status in order to measure the effects of quality of care and to estimate the variations in ECD status across the ecological environment in Nepal. A total of 2279 children aged between 36 and 59 months has been analysed from the Nepal’s Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, 2014. It is found that 64.44 per cent of sampled children are on track of early childhood development in Nepal. Multilevel logistic regression reveals that the indicators of quality of care having with three or more children’s books (OR = 2.62; p = <0.001) and fathers’ engagement in four or more activities (OR = 2.42; p = <0.001) with the child as contributing significantly to the ECD status. Besides, children who belong to the richest households are 4.33 times more likely to have ECD status in comparison to children of poorest households after controlling for all other factors.
Pedestrian path prediction based on body language and action classification

Safety-related driver assistance systems are becoming mainstream and nowadays many automobile manufacturers include them as standard equipment. For example, pedestrian protection systems are already available in a number of commercial vehicles. However, there is still work to do in the improvement of the accuracy of these systems since the difference between an effective and a non-effective intervention can depend on a few centimeters or on a fraction of a second. In this paper, we use the 3D pedestrian body language in order to perform accurate pedestrian path prediction by means of action classification. To carry out the prediction, we propose the use of GPDM (Gaussian Process Dynamical Models) that reduces the high dimensionality of the input vector in the 3D pose space and learns the pedestrian dynamics in a latent space. Instead of combining a reduced number of subjects in a single model that will have to deal with the stylistic variations, we propose a much more scalable approach where all the subjects are separately trained in individual models. These models will be then hierarchically separated according to their action (walking, starting, standing, stopping) and direction of the motion. Finally, for a test sequence, the appropiate model will be selected by means of an action classification system based on the similarity of the 3D poses transitions and the joints velocities. The estimated action will constrain the models to use for the prediction, taking into account only the ones trained for that action. Experimental results show that the system has the potential to provide accurate path predictions with mean errors of 7 cm, for walking trajectories, 20 cm, for stopping trajectories and 14 cm for starting trajectories, at a time horizon of 1 s.
Synchronized Dynamics of Tipula paludosa Metapopulation in a Southwestern Scotland Agroecosystem: Linking Pattern to Process

Synchronization of population fluctuations at disjoint habitats has been observed in many studies, but its mechanisms often remain obscure. Synchronization may appear as a result of either interhabitat dispersal or regionally correlated environmental stochastic factors, the latter being known as the Moran effect. In this article, we consider the population dynamics of a common agricultural pest insect, Tipula paludosa, on a fragmented habitat by analyzing data derived from a multiannual survey of its abundance in 38 agricultural fields in southwestern Scotland. We use cross-correlation coefficients and show that there is a considerable synchronization between different populations across the whole area. The correlation strength exhibits an intermittent behavior, such that close populations can be virtually uncorrelated, but populations separated by distances up to approximately 150 km can have a cross-correlation coefficient close to one. To distinguish between the effects of stochasticity and dispersal, we then calculate a time-lagged cross-correlation coefficient and show that it possesses considerably different properties to the nonlagged one. In particular, the time-lagged correlation coefficient shows a clear directional dependence. The distribution of the time-lagged correlations with respect to the bearing between the populations has a striking similarity to the distribution of wind velocities, which we regard as evidence of long-distance wind-assisted dispersal.
The Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Hyperbaric and Diving Environments Differential modulation of cerebellar climbing fiber and parallel fiber synaptic responses at high pressure

Etzion Y, Mor A, Grossman Y. Differential modulation of cerebellar climbing fiber and parallel fiber synaptic responses at high pressure. J Appl Physiol 106: 729–736, 2009. First published December 4, 2008; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.90853. 2008. —High pressure, which induces central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction (highpressure neurological syndrome) depresses synaptic transmission at all synapses examined to date. Several lines of evidence indicate an inhibitory effect of pressure on Ca entry into the presynaptic terminal. In the present work we studied for the first time the effect of pressure on the cerebellar climbing fiber (CF) synaptic responses. Pressure modulation of cerebellar synaptic plasticity was tested in both the CF and parallel fiber (PF) pathways using paired-pulse protocols. CF synapses, which normally operate at a high baseline release probability, demonstrate paired-pulse depression (PPD). High pressure reduced CF synaptic responses at 5.1 and 10.1 MPa but did not affect its PPD. High extracellular Ca concentration ([Ca ]o) could not antagonize the effect of pressure on the CF response, whereas low [Ca ]o, in contrast to pressure, decreased both the response amplitude and the observed PPD. PF synapses, which usually operate at low release probability, exhibit paired-pulse facilitation (PPF). Pressure increased PF PPF at all interstimulus intervals (ISIs) tested (20–200 ms). Several Ca channel blockers as well as low [Ca ]o could mimic the effect of pressure on the PF response but significantly increased the PPF only at the 20-ms ISI. These results, together with previous data, show that the CF synapse is relatively resistant to pressure. The lack of pressure effect on CF PPD is surprising and may suggest that the PPD is not directly linked to synaptic depletion, as generally suggested. The increase in PPF of the PF at pressure, which is mimicked by Ca channel blockers or low [Ca ]o, further supports pressure involvement in synaptic release mechanism(s). These results also indicate that pressure effects may be selective for various types of synapses in the CNS.
Generalizing Quantum Mechanics for Quantum Spacetime

Familiar textbook quantum mechanics assumes a fixed background spacetime to define states on spacelike surfaces and their unitary evolution between them. Quantum theory has changed as our conceptions of space and time have evolved. But quantum mechanics needs to be generalized further for quantum gravity where spacetime geometry is fluctuating and without definite value. This paper reviews a fully four-dimensional, sum-over-histories, generalized quantum mechanics of cosmological spacetime geometry. This generalization is constructed within the framework of generalized quantum theory. This is a minimal set of principles for quantum theory abstracted from the modern quantum mechanics of closed systems, most generally the universe. In this generalization, states of fields on spacelike surfaces and their unitary evolution are emergent properties appropriate when spacetime geometry behaves approximately classically. The principles of generalized quantum theory allow for the further generalization that would be necessary were spacetime not fundamental. Emergent spacetime phenomena are discussed in general and illustrated with the example of the classical spacetime geometries with large spacelike surfaces that emerge from the `no-boundary' wave function of the universe. These must be Lorentzian with one, and only one, time direction. The essay concludes by raising the question of whether quantum mechanics itself is emergent.
Towards a Complete Classification of Tractability in Allen's Algebra

We characterise the set of subalgebras of Allen's algebra which have a tractable satisfiability problem, and in addition contain certain basic relations. The conclusion is that no tractable subalgebra that is not known in the literature can contain more than the three basic relations (≡), (b) and (b-), where b ∈ {d,o,s,f}. This means that concerning algebras for specifying complete knowledge about temporal information, there is no hope of finding yet unknown classes with much expressivity. Furthermore, we show that there are exactly two maximal tractable algebras which contain the relation ( ). Both of these algebras can express the notion of sequentially; thus we have a complete characterisation of tractable inference using that notion.
A marching procedure for form-finding for tensegrity structures

We give an algorithm for solving the form-finding problem, that is, for finding stable placements of a given tensegrity structure. The method starts with a known stable placement and alters edge lengths in a way that preserves the equilibrium equations. We then characterize the manifold to which classical tensegrity systems belong, which gives insight into the form-finding process. After describing several special cases, we show the results of a successful test of our algorithm on a large system.
Application of Artificial Neural Network in Cellular Handoff Management

An Artificial neural network based handoff algorithm is proposed and its performance is studied in this paper. Handoff decisions are normally signal strength based and recently many artificial intelligent techniques are used such as Fuzzy Logic, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) etc. In this paper, ANN is used for taking fast and accurate handoff decision. The algorithm is proposed, tested and found to give excellent results.