Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Great Reversals

We attempt to identify and explain the broad patterns of financial development in developed countries over the twentieth century. We find that, contrary to the predictions of most existing theories, indicators of financial development do not seem monotonic over time. In particular, we find that by most measures, countries were more financially developed in 1913 than in 1980 and that a major reversal took place between 1913 and 1950. To explain this we outline a simple theory of the political economy of financial development. Empirically, our analysis suggests that the forces opposing financial development will be weaker when a country is open to international trade and capital flows. We find this to be true both in the cross-section and over time. In periods of free capital movement world-wide, a country’s level of financial development is directly related to its openness to trade. Similarly, the low frequency movements of financial development over time appear to be correlated .
Art in the Lives of Immigrant Communities in the United States

Art in the Lives of Immigrant Communities in the United States is the first book to provide a comprehensive and lively analysis of the contributions of artists from America's newest immigrant communities--Africa, the Middle East, China, India, Southeast Asia, Central America, and Mexico. Adding significantly to our understanding of both the arts and immigration, multidisciplinary scholars explore tensions that artists face in forging careers in a new world and navigating between their home communities and the larger society. They address the art forms that these modern settlers bring with them; show how poets, musicians, playwrights, and visual artists adapt traditional forms to new environments; and consider the ways in which the communities' young people integrate their own traditions and concerns into contemporary expression.
Chapter 2 Intrinsic Point Defects in ZnO

ZnO has attracted extraordinary interest as a premier host for dilute magnetic semiconductors due to its potential usage in optoelectronics, spin light emitting diodes, photovoltaics, photodetectors, and solar cells. It is a prospective material for spin light emitting diodes due to its broad band gap of 3.37 eV and high exciton binding energy. The extraordinary properties of ZnO results from the interactions of intrinsic defects in ZnO. The redistribution of these defects within the grain using sintering, annealing or extrinsic doping helps in tailoring the optical, electrical and magnetic properties of ZnO. Therefore, in this chapter, we will discuss about various intrinsic point defects present in ZnO, defect creation techniques, defect characterization, the factor affecting defect formation. The Zinc interstitial, Oxygen vacancies and their complexes are responsible for various band emissions and hence luminescent properties of various defects in ZnO are discussed.
Introduction to Axispot TM , Real-time Spatio-temporal Data-management System, and Its High-speed Spatio-temporal Data-search Technology

We introduce the Axispot TM real-time spatio-temporal data-management system, which is a key component in responding to the demands for next-generation services such as communication between connected vehicles and augmented reality. We also describe a high-speed spatio-temporal data-search technology as a key function of Axispot, which can not only accumulate a large amount of data sent all at once from moving things (MTs), such as people or automobiles, but also search for MTs in a particular area and at a certain time from a large amount of data stored in a database in real time.
Advances In Economics and Econometrics: Theory And Applications: Seventh World Congress

presented in the invited symposium of the Seventh World Congress of the Econometric Society. The papers summarize and interpret key recent developments and discuss current and future directions in a wide range of topics in economics and econometrics. They cover both theory and applications. Authored by leading specialists in their fields, these volumes provide a unique survey of progress in the discipline
Taboo: The Journal of Culture and Education Taboo: The Journal of Culture and Education

In this article we discuss the illusions of freedom and the complicated relationship Black women have with institutions of higher education. We suggest Beyoncé’s performance of “Freedom” at the 2016 BET Awards metaphorically and symbolically underscores the experiences of Black women in college. Through a rhetorical analysis of Beyoncé and Kendrick Lamar’s BET Music Awards performance of “Freedom. ” we explore how the venue, visual style, and lyrics symbolize the feelings of unity, frustration, resistance, resilience, struggle, and disposability embodied in the experiences of Black women enrolled at colleges and universities in the United States. Using Black feminist thought and intersectional frameworks we highlight the contemporary struggle for freedom and the failed promises of higher education, and encourage critical media literacy as a way for scholars and practitioners in higher education to allow Black women to own their freedom.
The Impact of Corporate Governance and Accruals Flexibility on the Interaction between Earnings Management Strategies

This study examines the impact of corporate governance mechanisms and accruals flexibility on the interaction between accruals earnings management (AEM) and real earnings management (REM) using a large sample of Indian firms for the period 2007–2015. The results show significant impact of board effectiveness, audit committee effectiveness, high auditor’s quality and accruals flexibility on the level of AEM, and also we find significant relations between the level of REM and AEM, suggesting that managers may switch from AEM to REM when they find constraints on AEM. Additional analysis of firms with relatively strong earnings management incentives confirms the trade-off between AEM and REM. Our findings are also robust to the alternative measure of earnings management.
Enhanced production of eicosanoids in plasma and activation of DNA damage pathways in PBMCs are correlated with the severity of ancestral COVID-19 infection

Abstract: Background Many questions remain unanswered regarding the implication of lipid metabolites in severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. By re-analyzed sequencing data from the nasopharynx of a previously published cohort, we found that alox genes, involved in eicosanoid synthesis, were up-regulated in high WHO score patients, especially in goblet cells. Herein, we aimed to further understand the roles played by eicosanoids during severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods and findings We performed a total fatty acid panel on plasma and bulk RNA-seq analysis on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from 10 infected and 10 uninfected patients. Univariate comparison of lipid metabolites revealed that lipid metabolites were increased in SARS-CoV-2 patients including the lipid mediators Arachidonic Acid (AA) and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA). AA, EPA and the fatty acids Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), were positively correlated to WHO disease severity score. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that COVID-19 patients can be segregated based on WHO scores. Ontology, KEGG and Reactome analysis identified pathways enriched for genes related to innate immunity, interactions between lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells, interleukin signaling and, cell cycling pathways. Conclusions Our study offers an association between nasopharynx mucosa eicosanoid genes expression, specific serum inflammatory lipids and, subsequent DNA damage pathways activation in PBMCs to severity of COVID-19 infection.
The Context of Paratext: A Bibliometric Study of the Citation Contexts of Gérard Genette’s

Based on two sets of data consisting of research articles from Web of Science, analyses were made on articles citing Genette and articles using the paratext concept. The purpose was to investigate the context in which the paratext concept is used and Genette is cited by analyzing the journals and research fields in which the articles were published, the literature these articles are based on, and the terminology used in the articles. This chapter presents the results, which show both close connections and similarities in citation patterns, namely, to literature studies and to the humanities in general. It is also possible to see signs of an increased interest in digital media and a widening of cultural expressions studied within the realm of the humanities, such as computer games, while Genette and paratextual theories are used to a much lesser extent in the social sciences. In addition to the empirical study, the relation between paratext studies and bibliometrics is briefly discussed.
Characterization of a novel wood mouse virus related to murid herpesvirus 4

Two novel gammaherpesviruses were isolated, one from a field vole (Microtus agrestis) and the other from wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus). The genome of the latter, designated wood mouse herpesvirus (WMHV), was completely sequenced. WMHV had the same genome structure and predicted gene content as murid herpesvirus 4 (MuHV4; murine gammaherpesvirus 68). Overall nucleotide sequence identity between WMHV and MuHV4 was 85 % and most of the 10 kb region at the left end of the unique region was particularly highly conserved, especially the viral tRNA-like sequences and the coding regions of genes M1 and M4. The partial sequence (71 913 bp) of another gammaherpesvirus, Brest herpesvirus (BRHV), which was isolated ostensibly from a white-toothed shrew (Crocidura russula), was also determined. The BRHV sequence was 99.2 % identical to the corresponding portion of the WMHV genome. Thus, WMHV and BRHV appeared to be strains of a new virus species. Biological characterization of WMHV indicated that it grew with similar kinetics to MuHV4 in cell culture. The pathogenesis of WMHV in wood mice was also extremely similar to that of MuHV4, except for the absence of inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue at day 14 post-infection and a higher load of latently infected cells at 21 days post-infection.
The Performance of a Wireless Sensor Network for Structural Health Monitoring

An issue associated with agricultural irrigation using reclaimed wastewater is the potential threat to underlying groundwater quality. A prime example is nitrate, which serves as a fertilizing agent but has the potential to leach into groundwater. In order to balance water reuse and groundwater protection, intelligent irrigation management and monitoring systems are required for such water reuse systems. In this work, a nonlinear programming-based control algorithm is proposed to optimize irrigation scheduling subject to contaminant transport constraints. In support of the algorithmic developments, a networked sensor array is being designed for deployment at an agricultural research plot. This array will supply real-time field information about water infiltration and distribution, nitrate propagation, and heat transport, to the irrigation scheduling algorithm. The control scheme (measurement, decision, and action) will be continuously updated using on-line feedback from sensors. The simulator on which the management algorithm depends is a one-dimensional form of the Richards equation coupled to energy and solute transport mass balances.
Generation of deformation time series from SAR data sequences in areas affected by large dynamics: insights from Sierra Negra caldera, Galápagos Islands

Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (DInSAR) is a remote sensing technique that allows producing spatially dense deformation maps of the Earth surface, with centimeter accuracy. To this end, the phase difference of SAR image pairs acquired before and after a deformation episode is properly exploited. This technique, originally applied to investigate single deformation events, has been further extended to analyze the temporal evolution of the deformation field through the generation of displacement time-series. A well-established approach is represented by the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) technique (Berardino et al., 2002), whose capability to analyze deformation events at low and full spatial resolution has largely been demonstrated. However, in areas where large and/or rapid deformation phenomena occur, the exploitation of the differential interferograms, thus also of the displacement time-series, can be strongly limited by the presence of significant misregistration errors and/or very high fringe rates, making unfeasible the phase unwrapping step.
To vaccinate or not to vaccinate? Women’s perception of vaccination in pregnancy: a qualitative study

Background Vaccination against influenza and pertussis in pregnancy can reduce the significant morbidity and mortality associated with these infections. Despite this, there is poor uptake of both vaccines in pregnancy. Aim To explore women’s perception of vaccination in pregnancy and thereby determine the reasons behind such low vaccination rates. Design & setting This is a qualitative study undertaken at a large maternity hospital. Method Seventeen post-partum women completed a semi-structured interview discussing vaccination. They were recruited from a quantitative study looking at vaccination rates in pregnancy. The interview transcripts were discussed among three researchers and underwent thematic analysis. Results Three themes emerged. The first theme explored the influencing factors that shaped the women’s decision to vaccinate in pregnancy. The recommendation of a healthcare provider was the most important influencing factor for this study's cohort of women. The second theme highlighted the deficiency in knowledge women had regarding vaccine safety. The last theme related to the pertussis vaccine, and the reluctance of healthcare providers to discuss and offer this vaccine in pregnancy. Conclusion The qualitative approach gives voice to the thoughts and concerns of women as they make the complex decision to vaccinate in pregnancy. Clinicians must be cognizant of the important role they play in advising women to vaccinate in pregnancy. They must advise women that the vaccine is safe and address any of their concerns. Lastly, a message on vaccine safety should be included in future public health campaigns to promote vaccination in pregnancy.
Dependencies for Graphs

This paper proposes a class of dependencies for graphs, referred to as graph entity dependencies (GEDs). A GED is a combination of a graph pattern and an attribute dependency. In a uniform format, GEDs express graph functional dependencies with constant literals to catch inconsistencies, and keys carrying id literals to identify entities in a graph. We revise the chase for GEDs and prove its Church-Rosser property. We characterize GED satisfiability and implication, and establish the complexity of these problems and the validation problem for GEDs, in the presence and absence of constant literals and id literals. We also develop a sound and complete axiom system for finite implication of GEDs. In addition, we extend GEDs with built-in predicates or disjunctions, to strike a balance between the expressive power and complexity. We settle the complexity of the satisfiability, implication and validation problems for the extensions.
Seasonality of freshwater phytoplankton : a global perspective

Classic Ground: Central and Western Europe. - The periodicity of phytoplankton in Lake Constance (Bodensee) in comparison to other deep lakes of central Europe. - Succession of phytoplankton in a deep stratifying lake: Mondsee, Austria. - Seasonal variation in size spectra of phytoplankton assemblages in Loch Leven, Scotland. - Experimental manipulations of phytoplankton periodicity in large limnetic enclosures in Blelham Tarn, English Lake District. - High Northern Latitudes. - Seasonality of Melosira-plankton of the great northern lakes. - Seasonality of phytoplankton in northern tundra ponds. - Great Lakes of North America. - The seasonality of phytoplankton in the North American Great Lakes, a comparative synthesis. - Seasonality of phytoplankton in relation to silicon cycling and interstitial water circulation in large, shallow lakes of central Canada. - The Sub-Tropics and Tropics. - Phytoplankton periodicity in a subtropical lake (Lake Kinneret, Israel). - The seasonality of phytoplankton in African lakes. - Phytoplankton and its dynamics in two tropical lakes: a tropical and temperate zone comparison. - Seasonality of phytoplankton in some South Indian lakes. - Phytoplankton succession in Lake Valencia, Venezuela. - Patterns of temporal variation in Lake Titicaca. A high altitude tropical lake. I. Background, physical and chemical processes, and primary production. - The South Temperate Zone. - Phytoplankton periodicity of the Waitaki lakes, New Zealand.
epiLiver a novel tumor specific, high throughput and cost-effective blood test for specific detection of liver cancer (HCC)

Introduction: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer world-wide [1] and is particularly prevalent in Asia; HCC occurrence is highest in areas where hepatitis B is prevalent which is a high-risk factor for HCC [2]. Follow up of high-risk populations such as chronic hepatitis patients and early diagnosis of transitions from chronic hepatitis to HCC would improve cure rates. The survival rate of hepatocellular carcinoma is currently extremely low because it is almost always diagnosed at the late stages. Liver cancer could be effectively treated with cure rates of >80% if diagnosed early. Advances in imaging have improved noninvasive detection of HCC [3, 4]. However, current diagnostic methods, which include imaging and immunoassays with single proteins such as alpha-fetoprotein often fail to diagnose HCC early because of low accuracy and many early cancers are missed [2]. These challenges are not limited to HCC but common to other cancers as well.
Stress, cognitive, emotional and

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for modulating peripheral functions in the human body and consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic branches. Its activation affects, among other things, heart rate, respiratory rate, salivation, perspiration, pupillary dilation, and blink rate. For some years now, physiological measurements have found their way into interpreting and translation studies to investigate, in particular, cognitive, emotional and ergonomic demands and stress in translating, interpreting and post-editing. We conducted a meta-review of publications from 1990 until 2020 in order to investigate the relevance of (a) the four constructs of emotional, cognitive and ergonomic demands and physiological stress and of (b) physiological data for translation and interpreting research. With our selection of search terms, we identified 369 publications investigating one of the four constructs, of which 28 use physiological data. Analysis of the 28 studies shows a tendency towards triangulating physiological with other types of data, which reflects the complexity of the investigated tasks and constructs. Moreover, there seems to be an effort to increase sample size, which is an important step towards more robust results in quantitative research in the field.
Learner generated materials in adult literacy programs as a vehicle for development: Theory and practice in case studies in Nepal

LEARNER GENERATED MATERIALS IN ADULT LITERACY PROGRAMS AS A VEHICLE FOR DEVELOPMENT: THEORY AND PRACTICE IN CASE STUDIES IN NEPAL MAY 1996 CLIFFORD TREVOR MEYERS B.A., ST. OLAF COLLEGE M.A.T. , SCHOOL FOR INTERNATIONAL TRAINING Ed.D. , UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor David Kinsey Adult literacy and non~formal basic education programs have been implemented on a continuous basis in Nepal for the past 20 years. Both the Ministry of Education and local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have been implementing literacy courses as "entry points" for community development programs. This exploratory study examines three NGOs which, as part of their adult literacy programs, have organized adult new literates to develop and publish print materials. This process and the resultant texts have been termed Learner Generated Materials (LGM). Through a critical review of the literature, theoretical rationales and approaches for the use of LGM methods are identified, and patterns of practice, especially in Asia, are analyzed. Three intensive case studies of LGM activities in Nepal, utilizing field research, interviews and observation, describe the process of implementing LGM methods and the use of the materials developed in the Nepal context.
Generative Design: Visualize, Program, and Create with Processing

Generative design is a revolutionary new method of creating artwork, models, and animations from sets of rules, or algorithms. By using accessible programming languages such as Processing, artists and designers are producing extravagant, crystalline structures that can form the basis of anything from patterned textiles and typography to lighting, scientific diagrams, sculptures, films, and even fantastical buildings. Opening with a gallery of thirty-five illustrated case studies, Generative Design takes users through specific, practical instructions on how to create their own visual experiments by combining simple-to-use programming codes with basic design principles. A detailed handbook of advanced strategies provides visual artists with all the tools to achieve proficiency. Both a how-to manual and a showcase for recent work in this exciting new field, Generative Design is the definitive study and reference book that designers have been waiting for.
structure of intelligence in children with specific learning disabilities is different as compared to typically development children

Children with specific learning disabilities (SLDs) are characterized by a poor academic achievement despite an average intelligence. They are therefore typically assessed not only with achievement tests, but also with intelligence tests, usually the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). The assumption of a discrepancy between IQ and achievement in children with SLD has been questioned, however, and the implications of using different measures in batteries of intellectual subtests have not been thoroughly investigated. The present study examined these issues, taking advantage of a large database of scores obtained in the ten core subtests of the WISC-IV by a group of 910 Italian children with a clinical diagnosis of SLD, who were compared with the children considered for national standardization purposes. Our results support the doubts raised concerning the IQ-achievement discrepancy model, showing that relevant discrepancies can emerge even within the WISC profile. The four main WISC-IV indexes were found differently related to intelligence (measured by means of the g -factor) and the g content of many subtests differed in children with SLD vis-à-vis typically-developing children. These results have important implications both theoretical, indicating that the g -factor is weakly identified in children with SLD children, and practical, indicating that the QI obtained with the WISC-IV may not be a good measure of intellectual functioning for children with SLD, which are discussed.