Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Architecture for Website Design and Usability Evaluation : Comprehension and Information Scent in Performing by Exploration

CoLiDeS is a model of how people navigate a complex website to find information and is the youngest member in a family of models for human-computer interaction situations where users rely primarily on skilled reading and action planning as the core cognitive processes. All models in this family are based on Kintsch’s (1998) constructionintegration (C-I) cognitive architecture. This paper describes CoLiDeS in relation to C-I, highlighting features of CoLiDeS that distinguish it from SNIF-ACT, a competing model of website navigation based on the ACT-R cognitive architecture combined with Information Foraging theory. Highlighting differences between CoLiDeS and SNIF-ACT yields insights into the consequences of selecting one cognitive architecture over another, helping us uncover the future potential for cognitive architectures in HCI. Controlled laboratory studies of the Cognitive Walkthrough for the Web (CWW), an engineering approximation of CoLiDeS, offer strong empirical evidence for the psychological validity and reliability of CoLiDeS and suggest a promising future for C-I in HCI.
Career issues and international adjustment of business expatriates

Western business expatriates, mostly from the USA, France, the UK and Sweden, responded to a mail survey exploring career issues and their degree of international adjustment. Unexpectedly, it was found that meeting career goals within the corporation does not significantly affect work adjustment, but it does have a positive impact on the other two dimensions of sociocultural adjustment, general and interaction adjustment. As predicted, it does also have a positive affect on psychological adjustment, as measured by subjective well‐being. Surprisingly, none of the other variables depicting career issues for expatriates, career development fit, wrong/ useful career move, and supportive corporate attitude to expatriation, had any significant effect on either sociocultural or psychological adjustment. These unexpected findings are discussed in detail and approaches for further research in this area are recommended.
Response: Missing the mark: A response to Grineski's ‘misidentified problems and mistaken solutions'

The critique begins with a broad view of what Grineski sees as a series of misguided education reform movements—from the widely acclaimed A Nation at Risk in 1983 straight through to the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001. Grineski makes the now familiar claim that lack of funding, too much focus on testing, and "demoralized students and families, teachers and administrators" (p. I l l ) will doom NCLB to failure. The Teaching Commission supports the law, which was passed with overwhelming support from both sides of the political aisle, and believes that it is correct and courageous for the federal government to dramatically increase its investment in lowincome schools while demanding clear results disaggregated by race, disability, and other sub-groups. We believe that schools and students are rising to the challenge—as evidenced by recent gains by some students on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)— and not being systematically demoralized. Furthermore, we believe the statement in the bill that every classroom must be staffed with a highly qualified teacher by the end of the 2005-2006 school year is a critically important one, though the execution of this provision has left much to be desired. To Grineski, many of these reform recommendations follow from three mistaken notions. He first takes issue with the idea that
Growth and Laboratory Maintenance of Vibrio cholerae

Vibrio cholerae is a Gram‐negative enteric pathogen. This unit includes protocols for the growth and maintenance of V. cholerae in the laboratory. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 17:6A.1. 1‐6A.1. 7. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Brief Announcement: Parallel Dynamic Tree Contraction via Self-Adjusting Computation

Dynamic algorithms are used to compute a property of some data while the data undergoes changes over time. Many dynamic algorithms have been proposed but nearly all are sequential. In this paper, we present our ongoing work on designing a parallel algorithm for the dynamic trees problem, which requires computing a property of a forest as the forest undergoes changes. Our algorithm allows insertion and/or deletion of both vertices and edges anywhere in the input and performs updates in parallel. We obtain our algorithm by applying a dynamization technique called self-adjusting computation to the classic algorithm of Miller and Reif for tree contraction.
Hardware Trojan Horse Device Based on Unintended USB Channels

This paper discusses research activities that investigated the risk associated with USB devices. The research focused on identifying, characterizing and modelling unintended USB channels in contemporary computer systems. Such unintended channels can be used by a USB Hardware Trojan Horse device to create two way communications with a targeted network endpoint, thus violating the integrity and confidentiality of the data residing on the endpoint. The work was validated through the design and implementation of a proof of concept Hardware Trojan Horse device that uses two such unintended USB channels to successfully interact with a target network endpoint to compromise and exfiltrate data from it.
The Danish noun plural landscape

This article examines the Danish noun plural system in spoken language, i.e. we depart from a – radically new – sound perspective. We consider suffixes for which the categorization is not isomorphic with the orthographically determined categories. We give an overview of phonological stem changes, and we find interesting patterns of stød change in monosyllables. We identify 23 different combinations of suffixation and stem change, and give lexical frequencies for them. We consider two aspects of plural formation that are relevant for the investigation of first-language acquisition, that is, the gradation of stem change and the predictability of plural suffixes from gender and from stem-final phonology; we detect four classes of stem-final phonemes, i.e. segment types, which have different patterns of plural suffixation, and we point to some reasons why just these distinctions – mainly in sonority – can be relevant.
A Fast Algorithm for Matching Planar Maps with Minimum Fréchet Distances

In this paper, we present a fast and practical algorithm for a map-matching problem searching a path on a given graph that minimizes Fréchet distance from a given trajectory, which is a natural measurement based on the sequential order of the trajectory. However, it sometimes costs seriously to compute the Fréchet distance while making correspondences to on a path on the graph in the order from the beginning of the trajectory as a naive method (as the definition) since it often occurs to backtrack and recompute. We developed an incremental technique for updating the Fréchet distance between the trajectory and a path to overcome the problem stated above. It enables the proposed algorithm to evaluate distances for any candidate paths faster than the naive one. In addition, we can adopt Dijkstra's graph searching manner due to the technique and omit to search and evaluate some useless candidates which have no relations with the solution. That also contributes to accelerate the algorithm. Experimental results show that our algorithm was more than fifty times faster than the algorithm of Alt (J. Algorithms 2003), which is formulated as a optimization problem repeating to solve decision problems with a binary search on a set of candidates of the Fréchet distance.
3D Reconstruction and Metrology from Uncalibrated Image Sequences

In this paper we address the problem of the recovery of a realistic textured model from an image sequence without any prior knowledge either about the parameters of the cameras, or about their motion. Firstly, using various computer vision tools, we establish correspondences between the image pairs and estimate the fundamental matrix. Secondly, using epipolar geometry constraints, we can obtain the rectified image pairs by a novel rectification method, where the epipolar lines coincide with the image scan-lines. Furthermore, we can make dense stereo matching for original image pairs rapidly and simply. Thirdly, in self-calibration, the prior knowledge of orthogonal wall planes and the orthogonal and parallels line is formulated as constraints on the absolute quadric. Finally, the 3D Euclidean models can be built through self-calibration and matching Delaunay triangulation. A large number of experimental results show that this method increases the speed and accuracy of the reconstructed 3D model and the obtained 3D models are more realistic. Keywords 3D reconstruction, epipolar constraint, self-calibration, rectification, dense matching.
In C. elegans, High Levels of dsRNA Allow RNAi in the Absence of RDE-4

C. elegans Dicer requires an accessory double-stranded RNA binding protein, RDE-4, to enact the first step of RNA interference, the cleavage of dsRNA to produce siRNA. While RDE-4 is typically essential for RNAi, we report that in the presence of high concentrations of trigger dsRNA, rde-4 deficient animals are capable of silencing a transgene. By multiple criteria the silencing occurs by the canonical RNAi pathway. For example, silencing is RDE-1 dependent and exhibits a decrease in the targeted mRNA in response to an increase in siRNA. We also find that high concentrations of dsRNA trigger lead to increased accumulation of primary siRNAs, consistent with the existence of a rate-limiting step during the conversion of primary to secondary siRNAs. Our studies also revealed that transgene silencing occurs at low levels in the soma, even in the presence of ADARs, and that at least some siRNAs accumulate in a temperature-dependent manner. We conclude that an RNAi response varies with different conditions, and this may allow an organism to tailor a response to specific environmental signals.
2 Electrostatics in Protein Engineering and Design

The electrostatic interactions between charged atoms in natural proteins play a central role in specifying protein topology, modulating stability of the molecule, and allowing for the impressive catalytic properties of enzymes. In this chapter, we discuss how protein engineers use the principles of electrostatics and computational protein modeling to develop new proteins for biomedical and biotechnological applications. First, a general introduction is given to familiarize the reader with the important factors to consider in protein electrostatics, and the nature of these electrostatic forces. The next section describes various levels of theory used for modeling electrostatics in proteins. The last sections focus on specific applications in two conceptual classes: the engineering of ionic interactions (1) on protein surfaces, and (2) within the hydrophobic protein core. In both cases, the aim is to promote stability or to control molecular recognition.
Multimedia Document Structure for Distributed Theatre

This paper explores the suitability of structured (and declarative) multimedia document formats for supporting a novel type of performing arts: distributed theatre. In distributed theatre, the actors are split between two (or more) locations, but together deliver a single performance mediated by the cameras, the internet, and projection technologies. Based on our efforts to make an actual distributed theatre production happen (the Tempest by Miracle Theatre), this paper reflects on our experience. Our findings are divided into two main areas: workflow and document structure. We conclude that novel types of video-mediated applications, like distributed theatre, require new manners of authoring documents. Moreover, specific extensions to existing document formats are needed in order to accommodate the new requirements imposed by such kind of applications.
Parse Fitting and Prose Fixing: Getting a Hold on III-Formedness

Processing syntactically ill-formed language is an important mission of the EPISTLE system, Ill-formed input is treated by this system in various ways. Misspellings are highlighted by a standard spelling checker; syntactic errors are detected and corrections are suggested; and stylistic infelicities are called to the user's attention.Central to the EPISTLE processing strategy is its technique of fitted parsing. When the rules of a conventional syntactic grammar are unable to produce a parse for an input string, this technique can be used to produce a reasonable approximate parse that can serve as input to the remaining stages of processing.This paper first describes the fitting process and gives examples of ill-formed language situations where it is called into play. We then show how a fitted parse allows EPISTLE to carry on its text-critiquing mission where conventional grammars would fail either because of input problems or because of limitations in the grammars themselves. Some inherent difficulties of the fitting technique are also discussed. In addition, we explore how style critiquing relates to the handling of ill-formed input, and how a fitted parse can be used in style checking.
Antidepressants and the risk of suicidal behaviors.

The risk of suicidal behavior after initiating antidepressant treatment is similar among users of amitriptyline, fluoxetine, and paroxetine compared with the risk among users of dothiepin. This finding is relevant in countries where dothiepin is a reference antidepressant, such as the United Kingdom, but is less helpful where this agent has never been licensed, such as Italy and the United States.
Distributed & centralized power control algorithms for Very High-Speed Digital Subscriber Lines (VDSL) upstream transmission

Very High-Speed Digital Subscriber Lines upstream transmission suffers from strong far end crosstalk (FEXT) by the shortest lines in a multiuser communication environment. This problem called “Near-Far Effect” drastically reduces the upstream capacity on the longer lines. Power control algorithms effectively handle this problem and maximize the achievable data rate region, given an average power constraint for each user. This paper examines distributed and centralized power control algorithms and compares their performance in a frequency selective multiuser interference channel considering VDSL upstream transmission environment.
Measurement and control of current/voltage waveforms of microwave transistors using a harmonic load-pull system for the optimum design of high efficiency power amplifiers

One of the most important requirements that RF and microwave power amplifiers designed for radiocommunication systems must meet is an optimum power added efficiency (PAE) or an optimal combination of PAE and linearity. A harmonic active load-pull system which allows the control of the first three harmonic frequencies of the signal coming out of the transistor under test is a very useful tool to aid in designing optimized power amplifiers. In this paper, we present an active load-pull system coupled to a vectorial "nonlinear network" analyzer. For the first time, optimized current/voltage waveforms for maximum PAE of microwave field effect transistors (FET's) have been measured. They confirm the theory on high efficiency microwave power amplifiers. The proposed load-pull setup is based on the use of three separated active loops to synthesize load impedances at harmonics. The measurement of absolute complex power waves is performed with a broadband data acquisition unit. A specific phase calibration of the set-up allows the determination of the phase relationships between harmonic components. Therefore, voltage and current waveforms can be extracted. The measurement results of a 600 gate periphery GaAs FET (Thomson Foundry) exhibiting a PAE of 84% at 1.8 GHz are given. Such results were obtained by optimizing the load impedances at the first three harmonic components of the signal coming out of the transistor. Optimum conditions correspond to a class F operation mode of the FET (i.e., square wave output voltage and pulse shaped output current). A comparison between measured and simulated current/voltage waveforms is also presented.
“Shift‐ing Lives”: Work‐Home Pressures in the North Sea Oil Industry*

Peu d'etudes ont ete faites sur les rapports entre travail et vie privee dans l'industrie petroliere en mer du Nord. L'auteur etudie les rapports de force asymetriques et les inegalites de fait qui caracterisent l'industrie du forage en mer. Prenant le cas des travailleurs a contrat des deux sexes, l'auteur examine les pres-sions economiques et les contraintes d'espace et de temps aux-quelles ces employes sont soumis, sur le lieu de travail et dans leur vie privee. Il insiste sur le fait que ces employes n'ont aucune secu-rite d'emploi et doivent composer avec un travail qui les retient loin de chez eux pendant deux semaines d'affilee. Bien que beaucoup donnent la priorite au salaire et a l'horaire de travail qui vont de pair avec un emploi sur une plate-forme de forage, certains recon-naissent qu'a bien des egards le travail a empiete sur leur vie privee. There have been few platform-based studies of the work-home relationship in the North Sea oil industry. This article explores the asymmetrical power relations and institutionalized inequalities that characterize the offshore industry. Focussing on men and women contract workers, it examines the economic and time-space pressures they face, both offshore and onshore. These workers have no employment security and have to cope with the problems of working away from home for two-week stretches. While many prioritized the economic and temporal compensations of offshore work, in practice, work spilled over into personal life in various negative ways.
Design and modeling for enhancement of light extraction in light-emitting diodes with Archimedean lattice photonic crystals

Light extraction efficiency of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on various photonic crystal (PhC) structures is investigated in this study. By using the plane wave method and the finite element method, the influence of several factors on the enhancement of light extraction is discussed, including lattice type, the density of states from a photonic band diagram, the ratio of cylinder radius and lattice constant, and the thickness of a PHC pattern. Some rules are given for the practical implementation of an optimized PhC-based LED with higher light extraction efficiency. In the simulation results, the maximum enhancement of the extraction efficiency could be by a factor of approximately 2.8 for the optimized Archimedean tiling pattern in the LED device emitting at the center wavelength of 530 nm. However, with the use of optimized PhC structures, the square and triangular lattices reveal enhancements of ∼ 1.7 and ∼ 1.5, respectively. The extraction efficiency of the Archimedean PhC LED is much greater than that of the regular lattice PhC LED.
Bullying in Middle School: Individual and School Characteristics of Victims and Offenders

The purpose of this study was to examine individual and school characteristics of victims and offenders of bullying in middle school, using survey data from the New Brunswick School Climate Studies (N = 6,883 students in Grade 6 from 148 schools, and N = 6,868 students in Grade 8 from 92 schools). Results show that gender and physical condition were the most important characteristics of victims in both Grades 6 and 8. Victims came from schools with poor disciplinary climate in both Grades 6 and 8. Gender was the most important characteristic of offenders, with affective and physical conditions being secondary, in both Grades 6 and 8. Offenders, however, varied considerably in school characteristics. School size was the salient contextual characteristic in both Grades 6 and 8, but significant school climate characteristics were entirely different between Grades 6 and 8. Schools where students bullied less can be characterized as having positive disciplinary climate and strong parental involvement in Grade 6 and having high academic press in Grade 8.
Cache-Friendly Design for Complex Spatially-Variable Coefficient Stencils on Many-Core Architectures

Many-core architectures, such as the NVIDIA graphics processing unit and Intel Xeon Phi, which are characterized by high computation resources but limited on-chip memory capacity, have been used to significantly accelerate various computationally demanding tasks. Stencil operators are naturally suitable for such architectures because of their parallel calculation patterns. However, only simple stencils with points distributed along the axes and with constant coefficients have been fully investigated. This study first provides insights into optimization strategies for stencils with complex shapes, including off-axial points and spatially variable coefficients. Through our proposed stencil-decomposition schemes, we maintain read-only coefficients in on-chip caches to avoid unvectorized memory access. To alleviate the resulting severe cache-starvation situation, a generalized cache-friendly design for many-core architecture is proposed. It can reduce cache miss times and cache space consumption. The proposed methodology significantly improves the performance of stencil operations in a real seismic imaging application and introduces a new option to write highly efficient memory-bound stencil-like loops.
Going further than Lipinski's rule in drug design

Introduction: Lipinski's 1997 publication of the ‘Rule of 5’ (Ro5) was one of the most influential recent medicinal chemistry publications. In the almost 15 years since the publication of the original Ro5 paper, multiple groups have refined and expanded on the Ro5 and proposed additional heuristics to guide medicinal chemistry programs. While many variations on the Ro5 have been proposed, the majority of these remain close to the original guidelines proposed by Lipinski et al. Areas covered: This review provides an overview of heuristic methods for the design of drug-like molecules. The article also provides the reader with suggestions on future directions for the field. Expert opinion: While Lipinski's publication of the Ro5 and subsequent work by other authors has made medicinal chemists more aware of the relationships between physical properties and ADMET, it has hardly been a panacea. Pharmaceutical productivity continues to lag, and the industry is exploring new models to improve its output. If we are to progress, we need to move beyond simple models based on lipophilicity and gain a deeper understanding of molecular interactions.
Software Architecture and Specification Model for Customizable Code Inspection Tools

This paper describes the aspect-oriented software architecture and the finite automaton based specification model for building customizable code inspection tools. Through the development of a production quality code inspection tool, five crosscutting concerns are identified: internal data model, language processing, data traverse, inspection logic, and decoupling control. We constructed an aspect-oriented software architecture manipulating the concerns. The architecture is flexible to various changes to code inspection tools. With a combination of six design patterns: Composite, Interpreter, Visitor, Mediator, Command and State, an application framework based on the architecture is implemented. The usefulness of the architecture is discussed. The finite automaton model for the specification to the inspection logic is introduced and its practicality is demonstrated with our inspection tool. We also show that the combination of our architecture and our specification model is a useful basis for test case generation for each inspection logic. Possibilities for automatic generation of inspection codes are discussed as well.