Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mission and Place: Strengthening Learning and Community Through Campus Design

Having worked for over 60 colleges and universities and visited hundreds more in careers as institutional planners and designers, the authors have found that in most cases, the physical campus mirrors the issues an institution faces. Mission and Place shows how institutions of higher education can provide leadership in addressing important strategic issues through campus design and planning and how at the same time they can create an enduring legacy. It presents a visionary mission-based framework that the trustees, presidents, and senior administrators of today's colleges and universities, and their design and planning consultants, can use in overall campus planning and design decisions; and it focuses this vision with specific actions that can be undertaken at all levels of institutional governance and administration.
ESTUDIO COMPARADO DE LAS ESTIMACIONES DE DOS VERSIONES DEL MODELO DE ACEPTACIÓN DE LA TECNOLOGÍA (TAM) MEDIANTE LOS PROGRAMAS AMOS Y PLS

In this paper we carry out a comparison among two versions of the model of acceptance of the technology, generally known by its acronyms TAM, by means of the utilization of two different estimation procedures families inside the methodology of the structural equations: the structures of covarianzas and the analysis of the partial least square. In representation of these methods we have elected the data processing programs AMOS and PLS, respectively. The results obtained indicate substantial differences among both procedures, so much in the analyses of the models of measure as in that of the structural models.
The Theory and Practice of Academic Entrepreneurialism: Transborder Polish-German Institutions

Kwiek Marek, The Theory and Practice of Academic Entrepreneurialism: Transborder PolishGerman Institutions, edited by Marek Kwiek – „Czlowiek i Spoleczenstwo”, vol. XXXV, iss. 1, Poznan 2013, pp. 49-75. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISBN 978-83-232-2669-7. ISSN 0239-
Tutte's 3-Flow Conjecture and Short Cycle Covers

In this paper we prove: (i) If a graph G has a nowhere-zero 6-flow φ such that | Eodd (φ)| ≥ 23 |E(G)|, then G has a cycle cover in which the sum of the lengths of the cycles in the cycle cover is at most 4427 |E(G)|, where Eodd (φ) = {e ∈ E(G) : is odd}; (ii) if Tutte′s 3-Flow Conjecture is true, then every bridgeless graph G has a nowhere-zero 6-flow φ such that | Eodd (φ)| ≥ 23 | E(G)|.
Policy reform of emission taxes and environmental research and development incentives in an international Cournot model with product differentiation

Abstract This paper studies multilateral and unilateral policy reforms of environmental R&D subsidies and emission taxes in a two-country Cournot model with oligopolistic interdependence. The analysis indicates, inter alia, that there is a potential family of multilateral and unilateral policy reforms which can be set by pollution-intensive and pollution-moderate countries to reduce global emissions. In particular, the analysis suggests that a unilateral increase in the subsidy in the pollution-moderate country may reduce global emissions. The multilateral policy reform of the subsidy and tax in the pollution-intensive country can also reduce global emissions and increase welfare under certain conditions. The role of product differentiation in the context of policy reform is also examined.
Evolution of innovation focus of online games: from technology-oriented, through market-oriented, and to design-oriented soft innovation

This paper aims at analysing the evolutionary innovation patterns of the online games industry in Korea. Online games, as IT-based and creative service products, are important in the development trajectory of Korea, in that Korea created a new global leadership for the online games industry breaking the traditional catch-up innovation pattern. Two research hypotheses are examined and accepted based on questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews. First, a quantitative analysis as to the hours of online game playing for 250 games over the last 19 months demonstrates that a few games dominate the online game market in Korea, which implies network externalities in the online games industry. Second, from the perspective of evolution, the innovation focus of online games changes from technology-oriented, through market-oriented, and finally to design-oriented soft innovation. This paper introduces network externalities as the reasons why design-oriented (non-technological) soft innovation has become significant in online games over time. The results of this study suggest managerial and policy implications. Online games companies are recommended to expand the research and development (R&D) capabilities of non-technological and soft innovation in combination with those of technological innovation to improve strategic competitiveness. From the point of innovation policies, the redefinition of R&D scopes is required as a pre-requisite step for diversifying the government R&D support into the areas of non-technological and soft innovation capabilities. The government effort to grow human resources with a high level of creative capabilities relevant to soft innovation also needs to be made.
A tunable interferometrically stable three-section higher order PMD emulator

We have developed a technique for emulating higher order polarization mode dispersion (PMD) that utilizes a three-section interferometrically stable configuration. Using this approach, we are able to study the impact of higher order PMD on 10-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero and carrier-suppressed return-to-zero signals when first-order PMD is zero, which is a typical condition that occurs in one-stage optical PMD compensators.
Determinants of ectoparasite assemblage structure on rodent hosts from South American marshlands: the effect of host species, locality and season

The relative effects of host species identity, locality and season on ectoparasite assemblages (relative abundances and species richness) harboured by four cricetid rodent hosts (Akodon azarae, Oligoryzomys flavescens, Oxymycterus rufus and Scapteromys aquaticus) were assessed across six closely located sites in Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Relative abundances of ectoparasites (14 species including gamasid mites, an ixodid tick, a trombiculid mite, lice and fleas), as well as total ectoparasite abundance and species richness, were determined mainly by host species and to a lesser extent by locality (despite the small spatial scale of the study), whereas seasonal effect was weak, albeit significant. The abundances of some ectoparasites were determined solely by host, whereas those of other ectoparasites (sometimes belonging to the same higher taxon) were also affected by locality and/or season. In gamasids, there was a significant effect of locality for some species, but not for others. In fleas and lice, the effect of locality was similar in different species, suggesting that this effect is related to the characteristic life history strategy.
The Role of Credit for Small Business Success

The objective of this article is to examine the role of credit in generating entrepreneurial activities. The paper is based on a recent research combining case studies with a sample survey of businesses that gained access to credit from a Tanzanian government financial source. A substantially increased output is observed following access to credit. The findings reveal that the enterprises whose owners received business training and extension advice performed better than those that did not. The study further shows that many of the problems faced by the entrepreneurs are not related to capital, but rather arise as a result of macroeconomic and institutional constraints. Examples of the reported business barriers are poor infrastructural support and stiff competition amongst the micro and small–scale producers.
Organizational Design as a Context for Political Activity.

The authors wish to thank Stephen Green, Ralph Katerberg, Thomas Keon, George Graen, and the anonymous ASQ reviewers for their helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. To assess the effect of political activity in decision making, the selection of a new dean was studied in 40 professionally oriented colleges at large state universities. Interdependence was found to affect political activity directly, while other aspects of organizational design number of faculty specialists, heterogeneity in faculty training, and the extent of centralization affected political activity indirectly through the development of consensus. Consensus among faculty regarding the attributes to be desired in a new dean had contrary effects on political activity depending on whether interdependence was high or low. When interdependent faculty members were in agreement, less political activity was observed. Agreeing faculty who were not interdependent exhibited more political activity. This interaction suggests that political activity may have two different purposes: to assist existing coalitions to gain advantage or to facilitate the formation of new coalitions. The study extends previous research by measuring political activity and clarifying the process by which it occurs.
A 54-  $\mu\text{W}$ Inverter-Based Low-Noise Single-Ended to Differential VGA for Second Harmonic Ultrasound Probes in 65-nm CMOS

This brief presents an inverter-based low-noise single-ended to differential continuous-time variable gain amplifier (VGA) for 2-6-MHz second harmonic cardiac ultrasound imaging probes. The proposed VGA is based on a transimpedance amplifier and composed of resistive arrays and three equal inverters to form the resistive feedback loop. The inverters operate in the class C mode by being biased in the subthreshold region to improve both the power and noise performances of the VGA. The 6-bit thermometer resistive arrays can control the gain range from -1 to 21 dB for a 2-D piezoelectric transducer (PZT) model, and for a 50-Ω source resistor, the gain range is from 20 to 26 dB. The second harmonic distortion (HD2) is lower than -55 dB in most cases due to the single-ended to differential conversion, and the equivalent input referred noise is 7 nV/√Hz at 5 MHz with the maximum gain. The VGA is fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology and has the power consumption of 54 μW at a supply voltage of 0.5 V. The die size of the VGA is 154 μm × 102 μm.
ASSESSING THE OPEN INNOVATION TRENDS BY MEANS OF THE EUROSTAT COMMUNITY INNOVATION SURVEY

Many authors showed the benefits of open innovation (OI) to firms, consequently encouraging managers to adopt the OI paradigm to improve innovation performance. Nevertheless, whether firms have accepted such exhortations or not is almost empirically unexplored. The frequent claim that firms are increasingly adopting the OI paradigm is mostly anecdotal. This paper presents a large-scale analysis of firms’ OI adoption by means of four waves of the community innovation survey, including 275,697 questionnaires. The analysis focuses on the trends in the use of inbound (internal use of external knowledge) and coupled (collaboration with partners) OI approaches. The results confirm that the share of firms adopting the OI paradigm has increased, both in terms of inbound and coupled OI actions. Similarly, firms have intensified the use of the inbound OI mode, whereas they have not intensified the use of collaborations. However, the analyses of different measures of OI show that in most cases the positive trends have not been monotonic, nor steep as they are anecdotally considered to be.
The Evolution and Continuing Challenges of E-Governance

E-governance comprises the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to support public services, government administration, democratic processes, and relationships among citizens, civil society, the private sector, and the state. Developed over more than two decades of technology innovation and policy response, the evolution of e-governance is examined in terms of fi ve interrelated objectives: a policy framework, enhanced public services, high-quality and cost-eff ective government operations, citizen engagement in democratic processes, and administrative and institutional reform. Th is summary assessment of e-governance in U.S. states and local governments shows that the greatest investment and progress have been made in enhanced public services and improved government operations. Policy development has moved forward on several fronts, but new policy issues continually add to an increasingly complex set of concerns. Th e least progress appears to have occurred in enhancing democracy and exploring the implications of e-governance for administrative and institutional reform. ICT-enabled governance will continue to evolve for the foreseeable future providing a dynamic environment for ongoing learning and action.
Parsimonious modeling of yield curves

This paper introduces a parametrically parsimonious model for yield curves that has the ability to represent the shapes generally associated with yield curves: monotonic, humped, and S-shaped. The authors find that the model explains 96 percent of the variation in bill yields across maturities during the period 1981-83. The movement of the parameters through time reflects and confirms a change in Federal Reserve monetary policy in late 1982. The ability of the fitted curves to predict the price of the long-term Treasury bond with a correlation of 0.96 suggests that the model captures important attributes of the yield/maturity relation. Copyright 1987 by the University of Chicago.
Potentially inappropriate medications in the elderly: the PRISCUS list.

BACKGROUND Certain drugs are classified as potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) for the elderly because they carry an increased risk of adverse drug events in this patient group. PIM lists from other countries are of limited usefulness in Germany because different drugs are on the market in each country and prescribing practices vary as well. Thus, a list of potentially inappropriate medications for the elderly was developed specifically for use in Germany. METHODS A preliminary PIM list suitable for the German market was created on the basis of a selective literature search and a qualitative analysis of published international PIM lists. The final German PIM list was developed by means of a comprehensive, structured expert survey in two rounds (a so-called Delphi process). RESULTS 83 drugs in a total of 18 drug classes were rated as potentially inappropriate for elderly patients. For 46 drugs, the experts came to no clear decision after the second Delphi round. For cases in which the administration of a PIM is clinically necessary, the final PRISCUS list contains recommendations for clinical practice, e.g. monitoring of laboratory values and dose adaptation. Therapeutic alternatives are also listed. CONCLUSION Potentially inappropriate medications carry the risk of causing adverse drug events in the elderly. A drawback of using a Delphi process to generate a PIM list, as was done for the new German list, is that little scientific evidence is currently available for the evaluation of active substances, potential therapeutic alternatives, and indicated monitoring procedures. Thus, the validity and practicability of the PRISCUS list remain to be demonstrated (and the same holds for PIM lists already published in other countries). It should be used as a component of an overall concept for geriatric pharmacotherapy in which polypharmacy and interacting medications are avoided, and doses are regularly re-evaluated.
Imputation, estimation and prediction using the Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM) data set

Uses data collected by the ILO to estimate current labour market indicators for countries where information is not yet available. Summarizes the procedures applied to the data set and presents the changes in unemployment, the employment-to-population ratios and the distribution of employment by economic sectors during the period 1991-2002, with projections to 2015.
Fertility differences between groups of sires relative to the stage of oestrus at the time of insemination

Records for 6012 inseminations of cows were analysed to determine the effect of the stage of oestrus at the time of insemination on conception rates for three groups of sires. All inseminations were completed between 8.30 hr and 11.30 hr using 2·5 million total spermatozoa in 0·5 ml of ‘Caprogen’ extender containing catalase. The designation of the stage of oestrus was based on the milking or milkings relative to the time of insemination at which each cow was observed in oestrus. Data from cows returning to service less than 18 days after insemination were excluded.The average conception rates (18 to 49 day% non-return rate) for the three groups of sires were 72·9% (7 sires of above average fertility), 70·5% (5 sires of average fertility), and 68·3% (6 sires of below average fertility). With inseminations in early oestrus, the comparable results were 74·3, 62·7 and 58·4% respectively. In contrast, the results for the three groups of sires with post-oestrous inseminations were 73·3, 71·13 and 73·8% respectively.The average interval from insemination to ovulation and fertilization is related to the stage of oestrus at insemination. This interval was the major factor contributing to the fertility differences between the groups of sires included in this experiment. These differences were also reflected in the percentage and distribution of normal (18 to 24 day) return intervals.
Distributed emulation for the design of active tag based systems

Several choices have to be made during the design process of active tag based systems. Since the number of properties that must be decided before production and wide-scale deployment is relatively high, the use of real experiments in the design phase may be prohibitive. We propose the use of emulation for performing large-scale experiments with active tag based systems easily and in a repeatable manner. Such experiments can be used to validate the behavior of the system, and to decide the values for various system parameters. We illustrate this approach by experimental results obtained with an emulation framework that we designed and implemented for a pedestrian localization active tag based system.
Strabismus due to flap tear of a rectus muscle.

PURPOSE To present a previously unreported avulsion-type injury of the rectus muscle, usually the inferior rectus, and detail its diagnosis and operative repair. METHODS Thirty-five patients underwent repair of flap tears of 42 rectus muscles. The muscle abnormality was often subtle, with narrowing or thinning of the remaining attached global layer of muscle. The detached flap of external (orbital) muscle was found embedded in surrounding orbital fat and connective tissue. Retrieval and repair were performed in each case. RESULTS Fourteen patients had orbital fractures, 7 had blunt trauma with no fracture, and 9 had suspected trauma but did not undergo computed tomographic scan. Five patients experienced this phenomenon following retinal detachment repair. Diagnostically, the predominant motility defect in 25 muscles was limitation toward the field of action of the muscle, presumably as a result of a tether created by the torn flap. These tethers simulated muscle palsy. Seventeen muscles were restricted away from their field of action, simulating entrapment. The direction taken by the flap during healing determined the resultant strabismus pattern. All patients presenting with gaze limitation toward an orbital fracture had flap tears. The worst results following flap tear repair were seen in patients who had undergone orbital fracture repair before presentation, patients who had undergone previous attempts at strabismus repair, and patients who experienced the longest intervals between the precipitating event and the repair. The best results were obtained in patients who underwent simultaneous fracture and strabismus repair or early strabismus repair alone. CONCLUSIONS Avulsion-type flap tears of the extraocular muscles are a common cause of strabismus after trauma, and after repair for retinal detachment. Early repair produces the best results, but improvement is possible despite long delay.
Environmental Injustice: Exploitation of Sindh’s Natural Resources in Pakistan

Immediately after the creation of Pakistan, attempts were started to obliterate the proven history of Sindh as its being a separate state and nation, having its own creed, heritage, culture, language and traditions. Sindh is enriched with oil and gas resources but people of Sindh are living in pathetic conditions. The majority of people who resides in natural resource-enriched regions find difficulty to meet their basic needs. The surrounding area of oil and gas fields are polluted, local people bear the burden of this pollution. The aim of this paper is to understand that why natural resource-enriched soil of Sindh’s people live in abject poverty and lag far behind in human development indicators. The prevalence of internal colonialism has been noted in this study where a dominant ethnic group Punjabi in control of a government systematically exploits resources of Sindhi people. This is an environmental injustice with Sindhis resulting from their subordinate and peripheral status in Pakistan. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015. v4n1s1p9
Heterogeneity of the baseline risk within patient populations of clinical trials: a proposed evaluation algorithm.

In this paper, the authors present an evaluation algorithm for systematic assessment of the observed heterogeneity in disease risk within trial populations. Predictive models are used to estimate the predicted patient hazards, the odds of having an event in the upper risk quartile (ODU) and the lower risk quartile (ODL), and the odds ratio (rate ratio for time-to-event analyses) for having an event in the upper risk quartile versus the lower risk quartile (extreme quartile odds ratio (EQuOR) and extreme quartile rate ratio (EQuRR)). The ranges for these metrics depend on the extent to which predictors of the outcome of interest exist and are known and the extent to which data are collected in the trial, as well as on the eligibility criteria and the specific patients who are actually enrolled. ODU, ODL, and EQuOR values are used to systematically interpret the results for patients at different levels of risk, to evaluate generalizability, and to determine the need for subgroup analyses. Individual data for five outcomes from three trials (n = 842, 913, and 1,001, respectively) are used as examples. Observed EQuOR values ranged from 1.5 (very little predicted heterogeneity) to 59 (large heterogeneity). EQuRR values ranged from 2 to 46. ODU values ranged from 0.24 to 3.19 (generally high risk), and ODL values ranged from 0.01 (clinically negligible risk) to 0.16 (clinically meaningful risk). The algorithm may also be used for comparing diverse trials (e.g., in meta-analyses) and used prospectively for designing future trials, as shown in simulations.
Aggregate returns to scale in Greek manufacturing

This paper takes an imperfect competition model of the economy in order to investigate for retuns to scale in Greek manufacturing and examines, through a small-scale macroeconomic model, the implication of estimates. For this purpose a price, wage and demand for output equations are estimated, using annual data for the period 1954-94. Prices come through the profits maximization process and depend on wage, capital rental, demand and a number of other variables denoing technology and market competition. Results are clearly in favour of increasing returns to scale hypothesis, although alternative explanations for the negative demand effect on prices cannot be excluded.