Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ZEF-Discussion Papers on Development Policy No. 245

Can large-scale social safety nets be nutrition sensitive even if they do not explicitly incorporate health and nutrition as programmatic goals? This paper focuses on the consequences of a countrywide guaranteed workfare programme (MGNREGA) and subsidised food distribution scheme (PDS) in India for the prevalence of anaemia, examining whether individuals in districts with a broader reach of these mega-programmes are less likely to be anaemic. Using an Instrumental Variable (IV) approach to address the endogeneity of programme scale, we find that an individual residing in a district where the programmes have broader reach is less likely to suffer from all forms of anaemia and has a lower haemoglobin deficit from the benchmark suggested by the World Health Organisation (WHO) – ranging between 0.91 to 6.2 percentage points for a 10 percentage point expansion in programme scale. While the PDS seems to be more effective in reducing the incidence of mild anaemia than moderate or severe anaemia, while the strength of effects for MGNREGA seem to be the least for mild. These are catch-all effects that represent partial and general equilibrium impacts through multiple pathways. Programme interaction effects suggest the MGNREGA and PDS may be substitutes – associated improvements in anaemia for regions with higher PDS access (MGNREGA participation) are more pronounced when the scale of MGNREGA participation (PDS access) is low. There exist nonlinearities in these relationships, with the efficacy of both programmes varying across scales of implementation.
COMPORTEMENT HYDRO-MECANIQUE DE ROCHES RESERVOIR SOUS CONTRAINTES : Relations entre évolution de perméabilité et échelles des mécanismes d'endommagement

La comprehension et la prevention des mecanismes d'endommagement ayant un impact sur les cinetiques de production et les taux de recuperation reste un probleme ouvert en ingenierie de reservoir. L'objectif de cette etude repose sur la caracterisation du comportement hydromecanique de roches greseuses et carbonates en 'condition de reservoir' et l'identification des mecanismes locaux responsables des evolutions de permeabilite mesurables macroscopiquement. L'essentiel du travail experimental s'est articule autour d'un dispositif triaxial original, permettant de mesurer en cours de chargement les evolutions de permeabilite dans les directions principales du tenseur de contraintes. La validation de notre protocole effectuee, une premiere campagne d'essais en compression hydrostatique et uniaxiale sur les gres de Fontainebleau et de Bentheim permet, d'une part, une analyse plus fine du comportement intrinseque de ces materiaux par la mise en evidence et la prise en compte d'effets experimentaux, et d'autre part d'etudier l'impact de l'endommagement fragile sur les permeabilites directionnelles. Une seconde serie d'experiences de compression, selon differents chemins de chargement, a ete realisee sur un carbonate, le calcaire d'Estaillades. En regime de deformation elastique, la modelisation de la reduction de permeabilite a ete apprehendee par une approche Reseau de Pores, basee sur une representation simplifiee de l'espace poreux et extraite des reconstructions 3D par µ-tomographie RX. Si la rupture fragile des echantillons ne perturbe que tres peu la permeabilite initiale, a plus haute pression effective, les diminutions de permeabilite peuvent atteindre 90% et sont alors associees aux mecanismes de pore collapse. L'analyse des echantillons deformes, couplee aux techniques de correlation d'images acquises in-situ sur des dispositifs de compression simple sous MEB et sous Optique, permet une meilleure prise compte du role des echelles d'heterogeneites dans la localisation des deformations et de mieux definir leur impact sur les evolutions de permeabilites a l'echelle de l'echantillon.
Effect of Leaf Age on Essential Oil Yield and Composition in Rose-scented Geranium

Knowledge of essential oil content and composition of leaves of different ages could be used as a guide for the right herbage harvesting stage in rose-scented geranium. Change in essential oil yield and composition with leaf age in rose-scented geranium was investigated in a glasshouse of the University of Fort Hare, during the 2012 and 2014 crop seasons. The topmost ﬁ ve pair of leaves on shoots were separately harvested as treatments. Leaf fresh and dry mass were signi ﬁ cantly lower in the topmost and the old-est leaf pair. Essential oil in the topmost pair was colorless; but with advance in leaf age, the oil tended to have a blue-green color. Oil content (on a dry mass basis) from the top-most to the bottom most were about 7.0%, 4.9%, 3.2%, 2.4%, and 1.9%, respectively. Oil yield was consistently the highest in the second youngest pair of leaves, and it progressively declined with leaf age. Contributions of the ﬁ ve leaf pairs from the topmost to the bottom most, in respective order, to the total yield were 19.3%, 22.0%, 17.71%, 12.03%, and 8.5%. The citronellol:geraniol ratio was lower in the young leaves than in the old leaves. Linalool and geranyl formate concentrations were the highest in the youngest leaves, and the opposite was true of isomenthone. The current results indicate shorter regrowth
A FUNCTIONAL NETWORK TOPOLOGY ASSOCIATED WITH PRE-SCAN CONTEXTUAL EXPERIENCE

Stimuli presented at short temporal delays before functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can have a robust impact on the organization of synchronous activity in resting state networks. This presents an opportunity to investigate how sensory, affective and cognitive stimuli alter functional connectivity in rodent models. Here, we assessed the effect of a familiar contextual stimulus presented 10 minutes prior to sedation for imaging on functional connectivity. A subset of animals were co-presented with an unfamiliar social stimulus in the same environment to further investigate the effect of familiarity on network topology. Female and male rats were imaged at 11.1 Tesla and graph theory analysis was applied to matrices generated from seed-based functional connectivity data sets with 144 nodes and 10,296 edge weights. Our results show an unconventional network topology in response to the familiar (context) but not the unfamiliar (social) stimulus. The familiar stimulus strongly reduced network strength, global efficiency, and altered the location of the highest eigenvector centrality nodes from cortex to the hypothalamus. We did not observe changes in modular organization, nodal cartographic assignments, assortative mixing, rich club organization, and network resilience. The results suggest that experiential factors, perhaps involving associative or episodic memory, can exert a dramatic effect on functional network strength and efficiency when presented at a short temporal delay before imaging.
and Neurovascular Imaging Techniques Traumatic Brain Injury: Advanced Neuro-Imaging Evidence and Recommendations for

SUMMARY: Neuroimagingplaysacriticalroleintheevaluationofpatientswithtraumaticbraininjury,withNCCTastheﬁrst-lineofimagingfor patients with traumatic brain injury and MR imaging being recommended in speciﬁc settings. Advanced neuroimaging techniques, including MR imaging DTI, blood oxygen level–dependent fMRI, MR spectroscopy, perfusion imaging, PET/SPECT, and magnetoencephalography, are of particularinterestinidentifyingfurtherinjuryinpatientswithtraumaticbraininjurywhenconventionalNCCTandMRimagingﬁndingsarenormal, as well as for prognostication in patients with persistent symptoms. These advanced neuroimaging techniques are currently under investigation inanattempttooptimizethemandsubstantiatetheirclinicalrelevanceinindividualpatients.However,thedatacurrentlyavailableconﬁnetheir use to the research arena for group comparisons, and there remains insufﬁcient evidence at the time of this writing to conclude that these advancedtechniquescanbeusedforroutineclinicaluseattheindividualpatientlevel. TBIimagingisarapidlyevolvingﬁeld,andanumberofthe recommendations presented will be updated in the future to reﬂect the advances in medical knowledge.
New trends in forest policy and management: an emerging postmodern approach?

Forest policy and management throughout most of the 20th century was firmly rooted in patterns established during the progressive era in the USA, which can be characterized as seeking to provide the greatest good for the greatest number through science and governmental allocation of resources. Many of the key elements of this approach to conservation were challenged during the last two decades of the 20th century, and a number of new approaches have emerged. These new approaches, such as ecosystem management and sustainability, challenge many established tenets of natural resource policy and management, and some authors have characterized these changes as a switch from modern to postmodern natural resource management. This paper uses examples from the USA and Costa Rica to evaluate the claim that a new postmodern conservation has emerged in the practice of natural resource management and policy.
Linguistic Profile of a Text and Human Ratings of Writing Quality: a Case Study on Italian L1 Learner Essays

This paper presents a study based on the linguistic proﬁling methodology to explore the relationship between the linguistic structure of a text and how it is perceived in terms of writing quality by humans. The approach is tested on a selection of Italian L1 learners essays, which were taken from a larger longitudinal corpus of essays written by Italian L1 students enrolled in the ﬁrst and second year of lower secondary school. Human ratings of writing quality by Italian native speakers were collected through a crowdsourcing task, in which annotators were asked to read pairs of essays and rated which one they believed to be better written. By analyzing these ratings, the study identiﬁes a variety of linguistic phenomena spanning across distinct levels of linguistic description that distinguish the essays considered as ‘winners’ and evaluates the impact of students’ errors on the human perception of writing quality.
Recommending people in social networks using data mining

This thesis improves the process of recommending people to people in social networks using new clustering algorithms and ranking methods. The proposed system and methods are evaluated on the data collected from a real life social network. The empirical analysis of this research confirms that the proposed system and methods achieved improvements in the accuracy and efficiency of matching and recommending people, and overcome some of the problems that social matching systems usually suffer.
Deep Learning-Based Land Classification: A CNN Architecture for High-Accuracy Land Use Mapping

This research paper focuses on the important method of image matching for collecting ground control points and automated precise geo-registration of high-resolution satellite imagery. The study aims to improve the matching success rate between incoming satellite images and reference chips generated from aerial color ortho-images by using pan-sharpened satellite images. The results show that the use of pan-sharpened images leads to higher matching success rates due to similar spectral range and higher spatial resolution. The paper also highlights the significance of accurate land cover information for various geospatial applications such as agriculture, environmental and urban management. Traditional methods of gathering land cover information are time-consuming and involve physical labor, making automated methods a more efficient and practical solution.
La vulgarisation agricole par la formation et les visites

This book contains a comprehensive explanation of the organization and operation of the training and visit system of agricultural extension. The system has been strongly supported by the World Bank and the governments of many developing countries for about ten years. Emphasizing simplicity and decisiveness, the training and visit system has a clearly defined organization and mode of operation and allows continuous feedback from farmers to extension and research workers, who in turn provide continuous adjustment to farmers needs. It has been adopted in some forty developing countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Central and South America. This book has its origin in a series of operational notes on aspects of the extension system. Intended mainly for the use of extension staff at all levels, agricultural research personnel, trainers, and staff of agricultural organizations, it is both a methodological guide to training and visit extension and a resource for training. It will also be of interest to all universities and training institutions involved in agricultural and rural development and public administration.
Locating tectonic tremors with uncertainty estimates: Time- and amplitude-difference optimization, wave propagation-based quality control, and Bayesian inversion

The accurate location of tectonic tremors helps improve understanding of their underlying physical processes. However, current location methods often do not statistically evaluate uncertainties to a satisfactory degree and do not account for potential biases due to subsurface structures not included in the model. To address these issues, we propose a novel three-step process for locating tectonic tremors. First, the measured time- and amplitude differences between station pairs are optimized to obtain station-specific relative time and amplitude measurements with uncertainty estimates. Second, the time– and amplitude–distance relationships in the optimized data are used to roughly estimate the propagation speed (i.e., shear wave velocity) and attenuation strength. Linear regression is applied to each event, and the resulting velocity and attenuation strength are used for quality control. Finally, the tremor location problem is formulated within a Bayesian framework where the model parameters include the source locations, local site delay/amplification factors, shear wave velocity, and attenuation strength. The Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is used to sample the posterior probability and is augmented by a parallel tempering scheme for an efficient global search. We tested the proposed method on ocean-bottom data indicating an intense episode of tectonic tremors in Kumano-nada within the Nankai Trough subduction zone. The results show that the range of the 95% confidence interval is typically <7 km horizontally and <10 km vertically. A series of experiments with different inversion settings reveals that adopting amplitude data and site correction factors help reduce random error and systematic bias, respectively. Probabilistic sampling allows us to spatially map the probability of a tremor occurring at a given location. The probability map is used to identify lineaments of tremor sources, which provides insights into structural factors that favor tremor activity.
Description of the female of Haematonotus jenisi Krajcik, 2006 and placement of the species within the genus Atrichiana Distant, 1911 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae)

Abstract The male of Haematonotus jenisi Krajcik, 2006 was described on the basis of a sole holotype specimen. A number of new specimens have recently been collected from the False Bay area of the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, in northeastern KwaZulu-Natal, including a number of females, thereby allowing the description of this sex for the first time. The new series also reveals that most morphological characters are actually typical for the genus Atrichiana Distant, 1911, rather than Haematonotus Kraatz, 1880. For this reason, it is here proposed that this species be placed within Atrichiana, thus becoming the second species of a genus that was previously regarded as monospecific, represented by the southern African endemic Atrichiana placida (Boheman, 1857). Like Atrichiana placida, Atrichiana jenisi exhibits a remarkable polymorphism, but also sexual dimorphism, particularly expressed at the level of the antennal clubs, which in the male are twice as long as in the female. Unfortunately, all specimens of the recent series were collected dead or drowning on the lake shores and therefore no further information on their life cycle and biology in general could be obtained. It seems that the species may represent a micro-endemism restricted to the Western Shores of Lake St Lucia, with habitat associated to Sand Forest and possibly also Northern Coastal Forest vegetation types.
The Designing of Simulation Learning Environment to Enhance Scientific Explanation on the Topic of Gas for Grade 11 Stu-dents

The purpose of this research was to design simulation learning environment to enhance scientific explanation on the topic of gas for grade 11 students. The target group in this research consisted of three experts, who reviewed for the designing of simulation learning environment to enhance scientific explanation. The research model in this study was survey research and there were development processes: 1) examining and analyzing the principles and theories, 2) reviewing literatures, 3) studying relevant contexts, 4) synthesis of framework for the designing of simulation learning environment and 5) development for simulation learning environment. The research instruments were 1) simulated learning environment, 2) theory framework evaluation form and 3) learning environment evaluation form. The data were analyzed using basic statistics: mean, standard deviation and per-centage. The research results revealed that the theoretical framework consisted of two components: 1) learning environment and 2) scientific explanation. The evaluated results of theoretical framework for simulation learning environment to enhance scientific explanation on the topic of gas for grade 11 students from the experts found that the average mean (X ̅ ) was 4.84, standard deviation (S.D.) was 0.21, representing 96.9 %. And the designing of simulation learning environment to enhance scientific explanation found that the simulation learning environment consisted of six components: 1) simulated problem base, 2) scientific explanation, 3) resource, 4) scaffolding center, 5) collaboration and 6) coaching. And the results of this found that the average mean ( X ̅ ) was 4.62, standard deviation (S.D.) was 0.33 and representing 95.2 %.
Evaluation of Physiotherapy Exercise by Motion Capturing Based on Artificial Intelligence: A Review

Physical therapy is an important form of rehabilitation for patients suffering from a variety of disorders. Since professional physiotherapists are not always available, there is a need to introduce an intelligent system that assets the patients to perform the exercise by themselves. Any evaluation system consists of hardware interfacing, computers, processing, and evaluation tools. These tools made it easier to build methods for automating the evaluation of patient performance and advancement in functional rehabilitation. In this research, about one hundred research papers are classified according to the above-mentioned system parts. The review of current tools for capturing rehabilitative motions shows that the Kinect camera has been used in about 35% of the studies. This review concentrates on using machine learning techniques to evaluate motion in rehabilitation. The most relevant research for physiotherapy evaluation using deep learning have shown that the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is widely used by 44% of the researcher. A useful overview the collection of the reference datasets illuminates that the KIMORE dataset is popular and used by 38% as compared with other types of datasets. The advanced literature in the present peer-reviewed paper (2016–2022), includes primary studies and organized reviews.
Adding a Novel Italian Treebank of Marked Constructions to Universal Dependencies

In this paper we present a novel treebank developed to analyse marked constructions in Italian called MarkIT. The resource contains almost 1,300 sentences manually annotated with dependency relations following the Universal Dependencies paradigm. The sentences have been extracted from essays written by high-school students along several years, which accounts for the structure and the topic variability of the sentences. In this work, we detail the process to select the sentences, parse them automatically and then manually correct them. The resource covers seven types of marked constructions (839 sentences overall) plus some sentences, whose syntax can be wrongly classiﬁed as marked and which can serve as negative examples of markedness (453 sentences). We also present an evaluation of parsing performance, comparing a model trained on existing Italian treebanks with the model obtained by adding MarkIT to the training set.
Traditional Botanical: Platostoma africanum as a Botanical for the Control of Pests of Medical and Veterinary Relevance

Insects that once served a vital role in medicine and veterinary care have evolved into dangerous pests. There are insects that are significant clinically. With their feeding habits, they spread infections to man and his domestic animals by contaminating various bodily parts, such as their mouths, wings, and appendages. Effective biodegradable pesticides with higher selectivity are required to avoid these issues related to the application of broad spectrum synthetic pesticides. Pesticides called botanicals are made from plant ingredients. In this study, Platostoma africanum was evaluated as a potential botanical for the management of pests with potential medical and veterinary importance. The researchers extracted the various plant parts into aqueous and organic solutions, evaluated the effectiveness of the extracts based on the extraction process, and examined how the extracts affected some insect pests of medicinal and veterinary value. Working with such botanicals is advised to be done in an enclosed space at room temperature because the active components of P. africanum are unstable when exposed to direct sunlight. Future research should take into account the fact that P. africanum can benefit from the combination of two or more botanicals.