Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vision Algorithms for Noncooperative Rendezvous of Objects in Space

The term “rendezvous of objects in space” refers to the action of a spacecraft approaching another o bject travelling in space. As part of this maneuver, it i s often important that the chaser is able to detect its relative posi tion with respect to the target body. This dissertation explores visio n algorithms for un-cooperative rendezvous in which the chaser u ses a single camera and a known 3D computer model of the target body to recognize the distance and the pose of the target t hat is approaching. A database of reference poses or views of the 3D computer model is created and feature descriptors a re used to characterize them. A mock-up physical model of the same target is used to produce sequences of images simulating a chaser approaching the target. The system detects the targ et, selects a matching pose from the database of poses and uses p revious knowledge from the sequence of images to correct cl assification errors. Using a reference database with views of th e 3D computer model taken every 10o about all axes, the system is able to return the expected pose with up to 78% accuracy. In the b est case, the mean error, calculated as the distance between the expected pose and the classified pose in degrees, is of only 1.5o . Poses within an error of 10o or less from the expected pose are sel ected up to 96% of the cases. The results returned by the developed algorithms are a good approximation of the real pose and the a lgorithms themselves are simple and fast. If higher accuracy is needed then the selected pose could be used as an initial input to feed more complex algorithms that could refine it. Keywords—HOG; template matching; pose detection; rendezvous
Quantifying the interplay between gravity and magnetic field in molecular clouds – a possible multiscale energy equipartition in NGC 6334

The interplay between gravity, turbulence and the magnetic field determines the evolution of the molecular interstellar medium (ISM) and the formation of the stars. In spite of growing interests, there remains a lack of understanding of the importance of magnetic field over multiple scales. We derive the magnetic energy spectrum - a measure that constraints the multiscale distribution of the magnetic energy, and compare it with the gravitational energy spectrum derived in Li & Burkert. In our formalism, the gravitational energy spectrum is purely determined by the surface density probability density distribution (PDF), and the magnetic energy spectrum is determined by both the surface density PDF and the magnetic field-density relation. If regions have density PDFs close to P(Sigma) similar to Sigma(-2) and a universal magnetic field-density relation B similar to rho(1/2), we expect a multiscale near equipartition between gravity and the magnetic fields. This equipartition is found to be true in NGC 6334, where estimates of magnetic fields over multiple scales (from 0.1 pc to a few parsec) are available. However, the current observations are still limited in sample size. In the future, it is necessary to obtain multiscale measurements of magnetic fields from different clouds with different surface density PDFs and apply our formalism to further study the gravity-magnetic field interplay.
Processing efficiency in pediatric cancer survivors: A review and operationalization for outcomes research and clinical utility

Childhood cancer and cancer‐related treatments disrupt brain development and maturation, placing survivors at risk for cognitive late effects. Given that assessment tools vary widely across researchers and clinicians, it has been daunting to identify distinct patterns in outcomes across diverse cancer types and to implement systematic neurocognitive screening tools. This review aims to operationalize processing efficiency skill impairment—or inefficient neural processing as measured by working memory and processing speed abilities—as a worthwhile avenue for continued study within the context of childhood cancer.
Observational evidence that positive and negative AGN feedback depends on galaxy mass and jet power

Several studies support the existence of a link between the AGN and star formation activity. Radio jets have been argued to be an ideal mechanism for direct interaction between the AGN and the host galaxy. A drawback of previous surveys of AGN is that they are fundamentally limited by the degeneracy between redshift and luminosity in flux-density limited samples. To overcome this limitation, we present far-infrared Herschel observations of 74 radio-loud quasars (RLQs), 72 radio-quiet quasars (RQQs) and 27 radio galaxies (RGs), selected at 0.9<z<1.1 which span over two decades in optical luminosity. By decoupling luminosity from evolutionary effects, we investigate how the star formation rate (SFR) depends on AGN luminosity, radio-loudness and orientation. We find that: 1) the SFR shows a weak correlation with the bolometric luminosity for all AGN sub-samples, 2) the RLQs show a SFR excess of about a factor of 1.4 compared to the RQQs, matched in terms of black hole mass and bolometric luminosity, suggesting that either positive radio-jet feedback or radio AGN triggering are linked to star-formation triggering and 3) RGs have lower SFRs by a factor of 2.5 than the RLQ sub-sample with the same BH mass and bolometric luminosity. We suggest that there is some jet power threshold at which radio-jet feedback switches from enhancing star formation (by compressing gas) to suppressing it (by ejecting gas). This threshold depends on both galaxy mass and jet power.
Clinical dose assessment for scanned carbon-ion radiotherapy using linear energy transfer measurements and Monte Carlo simulations

Objective. Dosimetric commissioning of treatment planning systems (TPS) focuses on validating the agreement of the physical dose with experimental data. For carbon-ion radiotherapy, the commissioning of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is necessary to predict the clinical outcome based on the radiation quality of the mixed radiation field. In this study, we proposed a approach for RBE commissioning using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, which was further strengthen by RBE validation based on linear energy transfer (LET) measurements. Approach. First, we tuned the MC simulation based on the results of dosimetric experiments including the beam ranges, beam sizes, and MU calibrations. Furthermore, we compared simulated results to measured depth- and radial-LET distributions of the 430 MeV u−1 carbon-ion spot beam with a 1.5 mm2, 36 μm thick silicon detector. The measured dose-averaged LET (LETd) and RBE were compared with the simulated results. The RBE was calculated based on the mixed beam model with linear-quadratic parameters depending on the LET. Finally, TPS-calculated clinical dose profiles were validated through the tuned MC-based calculations. Main results. A 10 keV μm−1 and 0.15 agreement for LETd and RBE, respectively, were found between simulation and measurement results obtained for a 2σ lateral size of 430 MeV u−1 carbon-ion spot beam in water. These results suggested that the tuned MC simulation can be used with acceptable precision for the RBE and LET calculations of carbon-ion spot beam within the clinical energy range. For physical and clinical doses, the TPS- and MC-based calculations showed good agreements within 1.0% at the centre of the spread-out Bragg peaks. Significance. The tuned MC simulation can accurately reproduce the actual carbon-ion beams, and it can be used to validate the physical and clinical dose distributions calculated by TPS. Moreover, the MC simulation can be used for dosimetric commissioning, including clinical doses, without LET measurements.
The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in adult ADHD compared with non-ADHD populations: A systematic literature review

Comorbid psychiatric disorders in adults with ADHD are important because these comorbidities might complicate the diagnosis of ADHD and also worsen the prognosis. However, the prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders in adult ADHD varies according to the diagnostic tools used and the characteristics of target populations. The purpose of this review was to describe the prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders in adults with ADHD compared with adults without ADHD. Thirty-two studies published before August 2022 were identified and classified according to diagnosis of other psychiatric disorder in those with ADHD. The most frequent comorbid psychiatric disorder in the ADHD group was substance use disorder (SUD), followed by mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and personality disorders. The prevalence of these four disorders was higher in the ADHD group, whether or not subjects were diagnosed with other psychiatric disorders. In addition, the diversity of ADHD diagnostic tools was observed. This also might have affected the variability in prevalence of comorbidities. Standardization of ADHD diagnostic tools is necessary in the future.
Luteolin-loaded exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: a promising therapy for liver fibrosis

Abstract Liver fibrosis is a global life-threatening disorder with no approved treatment. It leads to serious hepatic complications when progressive, such as cirrhosis and carcinoma. Luteolin (LUT) is a plant flavonoid possessing a promising therapeutic potential in various liver diseases particularly, liver fibrosis. It was reported to have potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It also suppresses the proliferation of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and induces their apoptosis. However, its poor aqueous solubility and exposure to metabolism hinder its clinical use. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles, have recently emerged as natural biocompatible drug delivery vehicles permitting efficient drug delivery. Accordingly, the present study aimed for the first time to investigate the potential of bone marrow MSCs-derived exosomes to improve LUTs antifibrotic effectiveness. LUT-loaded exosomes (LUT-Ex) were successfully developed, optimized and subjected to both in vitro and in vivo characterization. The elaborated LUT-Ex presented good colloidal properties (size; 150 nm, PDI; 0.3 and ζ-potential; −28 mV), typical vesicular shape, reasonable drug entrapment efficiency (40%) with sustained drug release over 72 h. Additionally, the cellular uptake study of coumarin-6-loaded exosomes in HEP-G2 revealed a significant enhancement in their uptake by 78.4% versus free coumarin-6 solution (p ≤ 0.001). Following a single intraperitoneal injection, LUT-Ex revealed a superior antifibrotic activity compared with either LUT-suspension or blank exosomes as evidenced by the results of biochemical and histopathological evaluation. In conclusion, the elaborated LUT-Ex could be addressed as a promising nanocarrier for effective treatment of liver fibrosis.
Does training working memory or inhibitory control produce far-transfer improvements in set shifting for children with ADHD? A randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT Children with ADHD show impairments in set shifting task performance. However, the limited available evidence suggests that directly training shifting may not improve shifting performance in this population. We hypothesized that this incongruence may be because impairments exhibited by children with ADHD during shifting tasks are due to deficits in other executive functions, as shifting tasks also engage children’s working memory and/or inhibitory control abilities. This randomized controlled trial examined the extent to which neurocognitive training of working memory vs. inhibitory control can produce downstream (far-transfer) improvements in set shifting task performance. Children with ADHD ages 8–12 (M = 10.41, SD = 1.46; 12 girls; 74% White/Non-Hispanic) were randomized to either central executive training (CET; n = 25) or inhibitory control training (ICT; n = 29), two next-generation digital therapeutics previously shown to improve their intended neurocognitive targets. Two criterion set shifting tests were administered at pre- and post-treatment. Results indicated that ICT was superior to CET for improving shifting accuracy (treatmentxtime: p = .03, BF10 = 3.01, η2 = .09, d = 0.63). ICT was also superior to CET for improving shifting speed, albeit on only one of the two outcome tasks (p = .02, BF10 = 4.53, η2 = .08, d = 0.59). CET did not produce improvements in shifting speed or accuracy on either task (p > .52, BF01 > 2.62), but showed evidence for more general (non-shifting-specific) improvement in response times on one of the outcome tasks (shift trials, d = 0.70; non-shift trials, d = 0.68). Taken together, these findings confirm that inhibitory control is important for successful performance on shifting tests, and suggest that training inhibitory control may reflect a method for improving set shifting difficulties in children with ADHD.
Effects of public–private partnership on diet-related obesity risk factors among school-aged children: A systematic literature review

Background: Childhood obesity is a major public health challenge. Public–private partnerships (PPPs) have been proposed as a solution; however, valid concerns exist as to whether commercial interest can be balanced with public health goals. Aims: This study describes the effects of interventions carried out through PPPs on diet-related obesity risk factors, namely fruit and vegetable (F&V), sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB), and energy-dense food consumption, among school-aged children. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted from January 1990 to December 2021 across three databases. Out of the 276 articles initially identified, 8 were included. Data were extracted from each article on study characteristics, partners involved, partnership descriptions, and partnership outcomes. A descriptive analysis included frequency counts for specific study attributes. Results: All studies took place in the United States and were published between 2010 and 2017. Most were cohort studies (75%) and involved structured, healthy lifestyle interventions (75%). Nearly all interventions included components targeting F&V consumption (88%), followed by energy-dense food consumption (50%), and SSB consumption (38%). Business sector partners were largely food producers, food retailers, and private healthcare providers; however, few studies provided details on their partnering arrangements. No studies reported harmful changes in diet-related obesity risk factors. Conclusion: Collaboration across sectors is needed to address drivers of obesity where children live, learn, and play. The small sample size and heterogeneity in this review prohibits definitive conclusions pertaining to the effect of PPPs on childhood obesity. Future research efforts are needed to develop a taxonomy for better classifying and examining PPPs.
Turbulent pair dispersion as a ballistic cascade phenomenology

Since the pioneering work of Richardson in 1926, later refined by Batchelor and Obukhov in 1950, it is predicted that the rate of separation of pairs of fluid elements in turbulent flows with initial separation at inertial scales, grows ballistically first (Batchelor regime), before undergoing a transition towards a super-diffusive regime where the mean-square separation grows as $t^{3}$ (Richardson regime). Richardson empirically interpreted this super-diffusive regime in terms of a non-Fickian process with a scale-dependent diffusion coefficient (the celebrated Richardson’s ‘ $4/3$ rd’ law). However, the actual physical mechanism at the origin of such a scale dependent diffusion coefficient remains unclear. The present article proposes a simple physical phenomenology for the time evolution of the mean-square relative separation in turbulent flows, based on a scale-dependent ballistic scenario rather than a scale-dependent diffusive. It is shown that this phenomenology accurately retrieves most of the known features of relative dispersion for particles mean-square separation, among others: (i) it is quantitatively consistent with most recent numerical simulations and experiments for mean-square separation between particles (both for the short-term Batchelor regime and the long-term Richardson regime, and for all initial separations at inertial scales); (ii) it gives a simple physical explanation of the origin of the super-diffusive $t^{3}$ Richardson regime which naturally builds itself as an iterative process of elementary short-term scale-dependent ballistic steps; (iii) it shows that the Richardson constant is directly related to the Kolmogorov constant (and eventually to a ballistic persistence parameter); and (iv) in a further extension of the phenomenology, taking into account third-order corrections, it robustly describes the temporal asymmetry between forward and backward dispersion, with an explicit connection to the cascade of energy flux across scales. An important aspect of this phenomenology is that it simply and robustly connects long-term super-diffusive features to elementary short-term mechanisms, and at the same time it connects basic Lagrangian features of turbulent relative dispersion (both at short and long times) to basic Eulerian features of the turbulent field: second-order Eulerian statistics control the growth of separation (both at short and long times) while third-order Eulerian statistics control the temporal asymmetry of the dispersion process, which can then be directly identified as the signature of the energy cascade and associated to well-known exact results as the Karman–Howarth–Monin relation.
Design of a microfluidic mixer channel: First steps into creating a fluorescent dye‐based biosensor for mAb aggregate detection

A major challenge in the transition to continuous biomanufacturing is the lack of process analytical technology (PAT) tools which are able to collect real‐time information on the process and elicit a response to facilitate control. One of the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of interest during monoclonal antibodies production is aggregate formation. The development of a real‐time PAT tool to monitor aggregate formation is then crucial to have immediate feedback and process control. Miniaturized sensors placed after each unit operation can be a powerful solution to speed up an analytical measurement due to their characteristic short reaction time. In this work, a micromixer structure capable of mixing two streams is presented, to be employed in the detection of mAb aggregates using fluorescent dyes. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to compare the mixing performance of a series of the proposed designs. A final design of a zigzag microchannel with 45° angle was reached and this structure was subsequently fabricated and experimentally validated with colour dyes and, later, with a FITC‐IgG molecule. The designed zigzag micromixer presents a mixing index of around 90%, obtained in less than 30 seconds. Therefore, a micromixer channel capable of a fast and efficient mixing is hereby demonstrated, to be used as a real‐time PAT tool for a fluorescence based detection of protein aggregation.
Spectral Evolution of the Microquasar XTE J1550–564 over Its Entire 2000 Outburst

We report on RXTE observations of the microquasar XTE J1550-564 during a ~70 day outburst in 2000 April-June. We present the PCA+HEXTE 3-200 keV energy spectra of the source and study their evolution over the outburst. The spectra indicate that the source transited from an initial low hard state (LS) to an intermediate state (IS) characterized by a ~1 crab maximum in the 1.5-12 keV band and then went back to the LS. The source shows a hysteresis effect such that the second transition occurs at a 2-200 keV flux that is half of the flux at the first transition. This behavior is similar to what is observed in other sources and favors a common origin for the state transitions in soft X-ray transients. In addition, the first transition occurs at an approximately constant 2-200 keV flux, which probably indicates a change in the relative importance of the emitting media, whereas the second transition occurs during a time when the flux gradually decreases, which probably indicates that it is driven by a drop in the mass accretion rate. In both LSs, the spectra are characterized by the presence of a strong power-law tail (Compton corona) with a variable high-energy cutoff. During the IS, the spectra show the presence of a ~0.8 keV thermal component, which we attribute to an optically thick accretion disk. The inner disk radius as inferred from disk blackbody fits to the energy spectrum remains relatively constant throughout the IS. This suggests that the disk may be close to its last stable orbit during this period. We discuss the apparently independent evolution of the two media and show that right after the X-ray maximum on MJD 51,662 the decrease of the source luminosity is due to a decrease of the power-law luminosity, at a constant disk luminosity. The detection of radio emission with a spectrum typical of optically thin synchrotron emission soon after the X-ray peak and the sudden decrease of the power-law luminosity at the same time may suggest that the corona is ejected and further detected as a discrete radio ejection.
The GALEX Ultraviolet Atlas of Nearby Galaxies

We present images, integrated photometry, and surface-brightness and color profiles for a total of 1034 nearby galaxies recently observed by the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) satellite in its far-ultraviolet (FUV; λeff = 1516 Å) and near-ultraviolet (NUV; λeff = 2267 Å) bands. Our catalog of objects is derived primarily from the GALEX Nearby Galaxies Survey (NGS) supplemented by galaxies larger than 1′ in diameter serendipitously found in these fields and in other GALEX exposures of similar of greater depth. The sample analyzed here adequately describes the distribution and full range of properties (luminosity, color, star formation rate [SFR]) of galaxies in the local universe. From the surface brightness profiles obtained we have computed asymptotic magnitudes, colors, and luminosities, along with the concentration indices C31 and C42. We have also morphologically classified the UV surface brightness profiles according to their shape. This data set has been complemented with archival optical, near-infrared, and far-infrared fluxes and colors. We find that the integrated (FUV − K) color provides robust discrimination between elliptical and spiral/irregular galaxies and also among spiral galaxies of different subtypes. Elliptical galaxies with brighter K-band luminosities (i.e., more massive) are redder in (NUV − K) color but bluer in (FUV − NUV) (a color sensitive to the presence of a strong UV upturn) than less massive ellipticals. In the case of the spiral/irregular galaxies our analysis shows the presence of a relatively tight correlation between the (FUV − NUV) color (or, equivalently, the slope of the UV spectrum, β) and the total infrared-to-UV ratio. The correlation found between (FUV − NUV) color and K-band luminosity (with lower luminosity objects being bluer than more luminous ones) can be explained as due to an increase in the dust content with galaxy luminosity. The images in this Atlas along with the profiles and integrated properties are publicly available through a dedicated Web page.
Unbinding slave spins in the Anderson impurity model

We show that a generic single-orbital Anderson impurity model, lacking for instance any kind of particle-hole symmetry, can be exactly mapped without any constraint onto a resonant level model coupled to two Ising variables, which reduce to one if the hybridisation is particle-hole symmetric. The mean-field solution of this model is found to be stable to unphysical spontaneous magnetisation of the impurity, unlike the saddle-point solution in the standard slave-boson representation. Remarkably, the mean-field estimate of the Wilson ratio approaches the exact value $R_\text{W}=2$ in the Kondo regime.