Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is Beauty in the Hand of the Writer? Influences of Aesthetic Preferences through Script Directions, Cultural, and Neurological Factors: A Literature Review

Human experience surrounding the appreciation of beauty is not static. Many factors such as script direction and cultural differences directly impact whether, how and why we consider images beautiful. In an earlier study, Pérez González showed that 19th-century Iranian and Spanish professional photographers manifest lateral biases linked to reading writing direction in their compositions. The present paper aims to provide a general review on this topic and intends to highlight the most relevant studies reporting preferences in the appreciation of beauty in individuals with different reading and writing directions and belonging to different cultural backgrounds.
Patterns 2.0: a Service for Searching Patterns

With ever-increasing number of patterns in the literature and online repositories, it can be hard for non-experts to know about new patterns and select patterns appropriate to their needs. We argue that a systematic way for searching patterns is required and we present the Patterns 2.0 service, a composite software service for facilitating pattern search and selection. The service combines several pattern-related services with a recommendation service that allows users to share their experiences in using patterns. The contributions of the paper are: the overview of existing services related to the problem of pattern selection, the definition of Patterns 2.0 service, and description of its possible uses.
The Pathogenesis of Lyme Neuroborreliosis: From Infection to Inflammation

This review describes the current knowledge of the pathogenesis of acute Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), from invasion to inflammation of the central nervous system. Borrelia burgdorferi (B.b.) enters the host through a tick bite on the skin and may disseminate from there to secondary organs, including the central nervous system. To achieve this, B.b. first has to evade the hostile immune system. In a second step, the borrelia have to reach the central nervous system and cross the blood-brain barrier. Once in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the spirochetes elicit an inflammatory response. We describe current knowledge about the infiltration of leukocytes into the CSF in LNB. In the final section, we discuss the mechanisms by which the spirochetal infection leads to the observed neural dysfunction. To conclude, we construct a stringent concept of the pathogenesis of LNB.
Color aided motion‐segmentation and object tracking for video sequences semantic analysis

The high rates at which digital multimedia is being generated and used makes it necessary to develop systems that can process it in an efficient manner. This can be achieved by extracting semantics from processing the video's low‐level information. We present a novel algorithm which fuses color and motion information, in order to extract semantics from the video sequence. The motion estimates are processed statistically to give areas of activity in the video. Color segmentation is applied to these areas, and also to their complementary regions in each frame, in order to achieve the moving object segmentation. The extracted color layers in the activity and background areas are compared using the earth mover's distance (EMD), and a novel method, which we introduce, and which is based on a likelihood ratio test (LRT). The segmentation results of our LRT‐based approach are shown to be more robust than the EMD results, and both methods are shown to be more accurate than the existing combined color‐motion approaches. Furthermore, the LRT method allows the retrieval of additional semantics, namely of “maps” that indicate with what likelihood a pixel belongs to a moving object. The areas of activity can be used to retrieve semantics for the kind of activity taking place. The color‐aided segmentation of the moving entities provides a full description of their appearance, so it can be used, for example, to classify the video based on the objects in it. Experiments with real sequences show that this method leads to accurate results and useful semantics. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 17, 174–189, 2007
Playing the Guru: Inequality of Personal Power in Relationships

EXPLANATIONS In this Article I reflect upon my experiences of the dynamics and effects of relationships m which participants collude m the delivery and acceptance of one person’s judgement of another’s personal value Formal power differences, such as those associated mth authonty figures, can play a part in this form of a personally judgemental relationship; however, it seems to me that formal authority is neither necessary nor sufficient for this relationship to occur It is for this reason that I have termed such a relationship ’guru-like’, thus implyng, in its purest terms, self-chosen dependency upon a self-defmed authonty figure. I have also chosen to use this word because of the way m which it reflects the Anglicised bastardisation of the Eastern concept of the Guru
Mechanisms of Parenchymal Cell Death In‐Vivo after Microvascular Hemorrhage

Objective: In vitro studies suggest that microhemorrhages with escape of red cells into the tissue may be cytotoxic to parenchymal cells due to oxygen free radical formation. We examined in the rat mesentery the impact of microhemorrhages on parenchymal cell death, as detected by propidium iodide staining, using an intravital approach.
A Generic Approach to Improving Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement Efficiency for Thin Clients

Authenticated Diffie–Hellman key (D-H key) agreement is the de facto standard for establishing secure session keys in many security systems. However, the modular exponentiation computation of D-H key puts a heavy load of those thin clients like Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID), NFC and Zigbee, where either the computational capacity or the battery is limited and precious. Therefore, many standards and implementations of these thin clients opt out key agreement schemes to meet computational efficiency requirements thereby accepting some security risks. As these devices are becoming more popular and security threats are increasing, it is desirable to reduce the computational load of key agreement while still providing sound security. In this paper, we propose a new problem—the modified Computational Diffie–Hellman Problem (MCDHP) and prove its security being equivalent to the Computational Diffie–Hellman Problem. Based on the MCDHP, we propose a general technique to enhance the computational load for thin clients when establishing secure D-H keys. The proposed approach achieves the same security of conventional authenticated D-H key agreement except the perfect forward secrecy. Examples of secure applications on existing D-H key agreement schemes are demonstrated in this paper.
Rescue of a Porcine Anellovirus (Torque Teno Sus Virus 2) from Cloned Genomic DNA in Pigs

ABSTRACT Anelloviruses are a group of single-stranded circular DNA viruses infecting humans and other animal species. Animal models combined with reverse genetic systems of anellovirus have not been developed. We report here the construction and initial characterization of full-length DNA clones of a porcine anellovirus, torque teno sus virus 2 (TTSuV2), in vitro and in vivo. We first demonstrated that five cell lines, including PK-15 cells, are free of TTSuV1 or TTSuV2 contamination, as determined by a real-time PCR and an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using anti-TTSuV antibodies. Recombinant plasmids harboring monomeric or tandem-dimerized genomic DNA of TTSuV2 from the United States and Germany were constructed. Circular TTSuV2 genomic DNA with or without introduced genetic markers and tandem-dimerized TTSuV2 plasmids were transfected into PK-15 cells, respectively. Splicing of viral mRNAs was identified in transfected cells. Expression of TTSuV2-specific open reading frame 1 (ORF1) in cell nuclei, especially in nucleoli, was detected by IFA. However, evidence of productive TTSuV2 infection was not observed in 12 different cell lines transfected with the TTSuV2 DNA clones. Transfection with circular DNA from a TTSuV2 deletion mutant did not produce ORF1 protein, suggesting that the observed ORF1 expression is driven by TTSuV2 DNA replication in cells. Pigs inoculated with either the tandem-dimerized clones or circular genomic DNA of U.S. TTSuV2 developed viremia, and the introduced genetic markers were retained in viral DNA recovered from the sera of infected pigs. The availability of an infectious DNA clone of TTSuV2 will facilitate future study of porcine anellovirus pathogenesis and biology.
The role of right wing authoritarianism on the repentance–forgiveness process

The purpose of this research was to examine the role of right wing authoritarianism (RWA; Altemeyer, 1996) and social norms, or expectations of proper social conduct, in the repentance–forgiveness process. Two studies systematically revealed a negative relation between RWA and forgiveness, a positive effect of repentance on forgiveness, and a significant interaction between RWA and repentance on forgiveness. The interaction, in both studies, showed that there was a stronger positive relation between repentance and forgiveness for those who were high in RWA compared to those who were low in RWA. The results of Study 2 also showed that the interaction between RWA and repentance on forgiveness was explained by the victim's perception of the transgressor's response as proper. These results help to further establish the boundary conditions under which repentance influences forgiveness and the mechanisms underlying its effects.
Choice of Test Model for Appropriateness Measurement

Several theoretical and empirical issues that must be addressed before appropriateness measurement can be used by practitioners are investigated in this paper. These issues include selection of a latent trait model for multiple-choice tests, selection of a particular appropriateness index, and the sample size required for parameter estimation. The three-parameter logistic model is found to provide better detection of simulated spuriously low examinees than the Rasch model for the Graduate Record Examination, Verbal Section. All three appropriateness indices proposed by Levine and Rubin (1979) provide good detection of simulated spuriously low examinees but poor detection of simulated spuriously high examinees. A reason for this discrepancy is provided.
Classifying Human Long-term Memory: Evidence from Converging Dissociations

This paper reviews the support for multiple human long-term memory systems that is provided by experimental findings of dissociations reported in the literature. Four putative systems are examined: episodic, semantic, perceptual representation (PRS) and procedural memory. The four systems are contrasted for four different forms of dissociations (functional, developmental, pharmacological and brain damage). At least one example of 23 of the 24 different types of dissociations is described. It is argued that this evidence from converging dissociations provides support for the existence of multiple long-term memory systems. The studies reviewed provide some hints about the critical neural substrates of different systems. This neuroanatomical information was compared and found to be consistent with the results of available functional neuroimaging studies.
Application of type-2 fuzzy logic to healthcare literature search at point of care

The biomedical field publishes a huge volume of articles every year and most of them are now available online as PDF full-texts. here is still no an effective search mechanisim that could locate the full-text articles very narrowly matching the users preference quickly. Such a mechanisim can be important for many real-time applications such as information at point of care for a physician who only has a minute or two to find relevant information in the literature for his/her decision making. We explore to develop such a mechanism with the help of type-2 fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic. Our current focus is on the full-text articles in the PubMed database. We have implemented the system using Java programming language. We show the preliminary result on the usefulness of the fuzzy logic. Unlike most search engines, which are interactive in nature, our eventual system is designed to operate automatically (hence, it can be used for literature monitoring, for instance).
Candida as the Primary Isolation Medium for Use With Two Confirmatory Identification Systems , IDS RapID Yeast Plus System and API 20 C AUX

Identification of yeasts isolated from clinical specimens to the species level has become increasingly important. Ever-increasing numbers of immunosuppressed patients, a widening range of recognized pathogens and the discovery of resistance to antifungal drugs are contributing factors to this necessity. In addition, with candidemia as the fourth most common cause of hospitalacquired bloodstream infections in the United States, the identification of some yeasts as either Candida albicans or non-albicans Candida is no longer sufficient. In 1997, the estimated cost of treating a case of candidemia in the US was reportedly $44,536 per private insurance patient, mainly due to an increased duration of hospital stay. Therefore, the need has arisen for more rapid and accurate identification of Candida yeasts to the species level. BBL CHROMagar Candida is a selective and differential medium for the isolation and presumptive identification of Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei. BBL CHROMagar Candida employs the use of chromogens to allow the differentiation of different yeast species. The development of colors is based on the differential metabolic reactions of the various Candida species in the presence of the chromogens. Upon utilization of the sugar portion (or metabolizable portion) of the chromogen, an insoluble chromophore is formed, which leads to the development of a colored colony. When grown on this medium, Candida albicans develops distinctive green color, while C. tropicalis takes on a steel blue color and C. krusei forms a dry pink color. For yeasts, the optimal growth and color production typically occurs within 36–48 hours. In research studies, BBL CHROMagar Candida has been shown to be over 99% sensitive and specific for the presumptive identification of Candida albicans, C. tropicalis and C. krusei. Many yeast identification kits are commercially available for the confirmatory identification of yeast isolates. Two such kits, the IDS RapID Yeast Plus kit and the API 20 C AUX kit, are examined in this presentation. In general, these types of identification kits were developed to be used with some of the most common growth media, in particular Sabouraud Dextrose or Sabouraud Dextrose Emmons agars. These agars provide the basic nutritional products for the growth of most yeast and filamentous fungi. ABSTRACT (revised) Presented at the 101st General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, Orlando, Florida, 2001. Poster C-378.
We Provoked Business Students to Unionize: Using Deception to Prove an IR Point

Many industrial relations (IR) scholars experience some angst at their (mis)placement in business schools. While our expertise broadens the curriculum, the topics central to IR and union-management matters often are met with student resistance, particularly in North America. At our wits' end, we decided to employ a deception simulation. We devised an award winning exercise that broke business students' psychological contract with their professor and gave them an opportunity to organize collectively to redress this injustice. Students observed first-hand the triggers of union organizing as well as their responses to inequity. Anonymous student feedback showed an overwhelmingly positive reception to the exercise. Ethical standards developed to scrutinize deception are used to review our own exercise according to our profession's standards. Deception is rarely used in teaching and is often associated with malevolent, callous or selfish ends. We challenge this viewpoint. Its power is in generating relevant controversies and evoking emotions that help memory consolidation. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd/London School of Economics 2007.
Association of Educational Attainment and Adolescent Substance Use Disorder in a Clinical Sample

This study explores substance use, psychosocial problems, and the relationships to educational status in 193 adolescents (school dropouts, 63; alternative education, 46; mainstream students, 84) who attended a substance abuse treatment facility in Dublin, Ireland, within a 42-month period. For each adolescent, data on demographics, family background, substance use, psychiatric history, and offending behaviors were collected. The study found that the 3 groups exhibited statistically significant differences in their substance use problems, with the school dropouts displaying significantly more problems. The need for early detection and intervention of at-risk students, and collaborative interagency work aimed at addressing substance use, cannot be overemphasized as strategies to ultimately prevent school dropout.
Are inflammatory factors related to retinal vessel caliber? The Beaver Dam Eye Study.

OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship of systemic markers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and serum folate level to retinal vessel diameter. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses were completed for data from a random sample of 396 persons aged 50 to 86 years who underwent a baseline examination from 1988 to 1990. Standardized protocols for blood collection and measurement of markers were used. Diameters of arterioles and venules were measured from digitized photographs. Standard univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS While controlling for age, smoking status, diabetes status, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and hematocrit, wider retinal venular diameters were associated with higher serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and amyloid A levels. While controlling for age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, smoking, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and gout, smaller arteriolar diameters were associated with higher serum amyloid A and lower serum albumin and folate levels but not high-sensitivity C-reactive protein or interleukin 6 levels. Levels of serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and serum soluble E-selectin, markers of endothelial dysfunction, were not associated with retinal arteriolar or venular diameters. CONCLUSIONS These data show an association of inflammatory markers with larger retinal venular diameter, suggesting that retinal venular caliber may be a marker of systemic inflammation.
THERMOMECHANICAL FE ANALYSIS OF THE ENGINE PISTON MADE OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL WITH LOW HISTERESIS

The main purpose of the preliminary analyses presented in the paper was to compare the behaviour of the combustion engine piston made of different type of materials under thermal load. A thermomechanical FE analysis of the engine piston made of composite material was shown. A selected engine is installed in one of the popular polish tanks. The proposed new material is characterized by a low hysteresis – the differences of the coefficient of thermal expansion for heating and cooling are not significant. The results obtained for the piston made of a new material were compared with those for the current standard material. The piston was loaded by a temperature field inside it. Appropriate averaged thermal boundary conditions such as temperatures and heat fluxes were set on different surfaces of the FE model. FE analyses were carried out using MSC.Marc software. Development of the FE model was also presented. Geometrical CAD model of the piston was developed based on the actual engine piston, which was scanned using a 3D laser scanner. A cloud of points obtained from the scanner was processed and converted into a 3dimensional solid model. FE model of a quarter part of the piston was developed for the preliminary analysis presented in the paper. 4-node tetrahedron finite elements were applied since there was no axial symmetry of the considered object. The temperature field inside the piston was determined and presented in the form of contour bands. Contours of displacement and stress in a radial direction were shown as well.
On the overall ROC of multistage systems

The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is a useful tool to evaluate the performance of classifiers, and is widely used in signal detection, pattern recognition and machine learning. For complex object classification, multiple single classifiers are often used and they are concatenated into a multistage classification system. Thus, it is necessary to obtain the overal ROC curve, because the ROC curves of the individual classifiers are not useful for the overall system since it has multi-level decision thresholds. In this paper, a systematic approach was introduced for measuring the performance of multistage systems via estimating the overall ROC curve. Two new ROC models sharing the same properties of classical ROC curves were proposed, inspired by the Gaussian and logistic distributions. The models were then experimented on a recently introduced multistage system for epileptic spike classification from electroencephalogram data. Experimental results indicated that the proposed ROC models can be used for multistage classification systems.
Mining Data from an Automated Grading and Testing System by Adding Rich Reporting Capabilities

Programs that perform automated assignment grading can generate a great deal of meaningful data not only for the student, but for the instructor as well. Such tools are often used in computer science courses to assess student programming work. In the process of grading, a large amount of intermediate information is gathered. However, in most cases this information is not used beyond assigning scores, so the potential of learning more about the course is lost. At the same time, continuous collection of data over a large number of submissions across many courses presents an interesting but untapped resource for educational data mining. One solution to this problem is to implement a reporting tool for making use of this intermediate data to create meaningful interpretations. This paper describes how an automated grading system, WebCAT, has been extended to provide a reporting mechanism that uses the intermediate data that is gathered during assessment of students’ programs. Our implementation of the reporting tool makes use of the Business Information Reporting Tool (BIRT) developed for the Eclipse IDE.
Immigration Stress, Social Support, and Adjustment in the First Postmigration Year: An Intergenerational Analysis

In this study of 429 newly immigrant children (ages 7–8 years) and their parents, we addressed generational variation in the stresses related to immigration. We also assessed whether child and parent psychological adjustment varied as a function of high versus low levels of stress and social support. Finally, we examined the comparability of effects across participants from different countries. Participants originated in Argentina, Colombia, Cuba, Haiti, and the English-speaking West Indies. Children generally reported more immigration stress than did parents, although parents were more likely to have economic worries. Higher levels of stress significantly compromised the adjustment of both children and parents. The availability of social support to the family facilitated adjustment but was more effective for parents than for children. Stress and support levels varied, but links between stress, support, and adjustment were mostly comparable across country-of-origin groups.