Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
QUANTUM DISCORD AND QUANTUM COMPUTING — AN APPRAISAL

We discuss models of computing that are beyond classical. The primary motivation is to unearth the cause of non-classical advantages in computation. Completeness results from computational complexity theory lead to the identification of very disparate problems, and offer a kaleidoscopic view into the realm of quantum enhancements in computation. Emphasis is placed on the "power of one qubit" model, and the boundary between quantum and classical correlations as delineated by quantum discord. A recent result by Eastin on the role of this boundary in the efficient classical simulation of quantum computation is discussed. Perceived drawbacks in the interpretation of quantum discord as a relevant certificate of quantum enhancements are addressed.
Dynamical behavior of the entanglement, purity and energy between atomic qubits in motion under the influence of thermal environment

The entanglement, purity and energy of two isolated two-level atoms which are initially prepared in Bell state and each interacts with a thermal cavity field are investigated by considering the atomic motion and the field-mode structure. We achieve the analytical solutions of the atomic qubits by using the algebraic dynamical approach and the influences of the field-mode structure parameter, the strength of the thermal field and the detuning on the entanglement, purity and energy are discussed. We also investigate the state evolution of the atomic qubits based on the entanglement-purity-energy diagrams. Our results show that the disentanglement process of the atomic qubits accompanies by excitations transferring from atomic subsystem to cavity field modes and atomic state from a pure state convert to the mixed states.
PHYSICAL CONDITIONS IN THE IONIZED GAS OF 30 DORADUS

We present a mid-infrared spectroscopic data cube of the central part of 30 Doradus, observed with Spitzer's Infrared Spectrograph and Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer/spectral energy distribution mode. Aromatic dust emission features and emission lines from molecular and atomic hydrogen are detected but they are not particularly strong. The dominant spectral features are emission lines from moderately ionized species of argon, neon, and sulfur, which are used to determine the physical conditions in the ionized gas. The ionized gas excitation shows strong variations on parsec scales, some of which can plausibly be associated with individual hot stars. We fit the ionic line strengths with photoionization and shock models, and find that photoionization dominates in the region. The ionization parameter U traces the rim of the central bubble, as well as highlighting isolated sources of ionization, and at least one quiescent clump. The hardness of the ionizing radiation field Trad reveals several “hot spots” that are either the result of individual very hot stars or trace the propagation of the diffuse ionizing field through the surrounding neutral cloud. Consistent with other measurements of giant H ii regions, log(U) ranges between −3 and −0.75, and Trad between 30,000 and 85,000 K.
Vortices with source, FQHE and nontrivial statistics in 2+1 dimensions

We investigate vortex soliton solutions in 2+1 dimensional scalar gauge theories, in the presence of source terms in the action. Concretely, this would be applied to anyons, as well as the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect (FQHE). We classify solitons for renormalizable potentials, as well as some nonrenormalizable examples that could be relevant for the FQHE. The non-Abelian case, specifically for theories with global non-Abelian symmetries, is also investigated, as is the non-relativistic limit of the above theories, when we get a modification of the Jackiw-Pi model, with an interesting new vortex solution. We explore the application to the ABJM model, as well as more general SYM-CS models in 2+1 dimensions.
Tagging a jet from a dark sector with jet substructures at colliders

The phenomenology of dark sector is complicated if dark sector is charged under a confined hidden gauge group. In such kind of model, a dark parton produced at a high energy collider showers and hadronize to a cluster of dark mesons. Dark mesons then decay to visible particles and produce a jet-like signal, which is called "dark jet" in this work. Collider signal of dark jet depends on the property of dark mesons. For example, a finite lifetime of dark meson would provide displaced vertex or displaced track, thus one can use these displaced objects to tag dark jet. However if the lifetime of dark meson is collider-negligible (too short to manifest a displaced vertex), it would be difficult to distinguish a dark jet from SM QCD jets. In this work we propose a new tagging strategy to identify dark jets from QCD backgrounds. This strategy is based on jet-substructure analysis. We study various jet-substructure variables and find out variables with good discrimination ability. Our result shows that by combining multiple jet-substructure variables, one could distinguish dark jets from QCD background, and thus enhance the sensitivity of dark sector search at collider.
A Soft X-Ray Lag Detected in Centaurus A

We performed time lag analysis on the X-ray light curves of Centaurus A (Cen A) obtained by the Gas Slit Camera (GSC) aboard the Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image ({\it MAXI}) in three energy bands (2--4 keV, 4--10 keV, and 10--20 keV). We discovered a soft X-ray lag relative to higher energies (soft lag) on a timescale of days in a flaring episode by employing the discrete correlation function (DCF) and the z-transformed discrete correlation function (ZDCF) method. In the episode, a peak and a centroid in the DCF and the ZDCF was observed at a soft lag of $\sim 5$ days in 2--4 keV versus 4--10 keV and in 4--10 keV versus 10--20 keV, and $\sim 10$ days in 2--4 keV versus 10--20 keV. We found it difficult to explain the observed X-ray variation by a single energy injection with the one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model, in which the soft lags in these three energy bands reflect the different cooling times of the relativistic electrons, by assuming the magnetic field and minimum Lorentz factor estimated from a broad-band SED. Alternatively, if the phenomenon is interpreted as cooling of Comptonizing electrons in a corona covering the accretion disk, the temperature of the corona producing the variable X-rays should be $\sim$10 keV for reconciliation with the soft lag in the energy range of 2--20 keV.
Fungal Biodeterioration of a Historical Manuscript Dating Back to the 14th Century: An Insight into Various Fungal Strains and Their Enzymatic Activities

This study aims to assess the deterioration aspects of a historical manuscript dating back to the 14th century that was deposited in the Library of the Arabic Language Academy, Cairo, Egypt. The study aims at the exploration of the role of various fungal strains that had colonized this deteriorated manuscript in its biodeterioration through their efficacy in the secretion of various hydrolytic enzymes. To evaluate the deterioration, various techniques, including visual inspection, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), color change, and pH value, were utilized. The fungal strains linked to the historical document were isolated, identified, and evaluated for their deterioration activities. The findings demonstrate that the manuscript exhibits a variety of deterioration signs including color change, brittleness and weakness, erosion, and removal of the grain surface pattern in leather binding. According to the ATR-FTIR, the chemical composition of the historical paper and leather underwent some alterations. The historical paper has a lower level of cellulose crystallinity than the control sample. Penicillium chrysogenum (two isolates), P. citrinum (four isolates), Aspergillus ustus (three isolates), A. terreus (two isolates), A. chinensis (one isolate), Paecilomyces sp. (one isolate), and Induratia sp. (one isolate) were among the fourteen fungal strains identified as being associated with the historical manuscript. These fungal strains produced several hydrolytic enzymes with high activity, such as cellulase, amylase, gelatinase, and pectinase, which play a key role in biodegradation.
Electronic properties of strained Si/Ge core-shell nanowires

We investigated the electronic properties of strained Si/Ge core-shell nanowires along the [110] direction using first principles calculations based on density-functional theory. The diameter of the studied core-shell wire is up to 5 nm. We found the band gap of the core-shell wire is smaller than that of both pure Si and Ge wires with the same diameter. This reduced band gap is ascribed to the intrinsic strain between Ge and Si layers, which partially counters the quantum confinement effect. The external strain is further applied to the nanowires for tuning the band structure and band gap. By applying sufficient tensile strain, we found the band gap of Si-core/Ge-shell nanowire with diameter larger than ∼3 nm experiences a transition from direct to indirect gap.
Nonvolatile bipolar resistive switching in Au/BiFeO3/Pt

Nonvolatile bipolar resistive switching has been observed in an Au/BiFeO3/Pt structure, where a Schottky contact and a quasi-Ohmic contact were formed at the Au/BiFeO3 and BiFeO3/Pt interface, respectively. By changing the polarity of the external voltage, the Au/BiFeO3/Pt is switched between two stable resistance states without an electroforming process. The resistance ratio is larger than two orders of magnitude. The resistive switching is understood by the electric field–induced carrier trapping and detrapping, which changes the depletion layer thickness at the Au/BiFeO3 interface.
Polyphenolics from Syzygium brachythyrsum Inhibits Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Macrophage-Derived Foam Cell Formation and Inflammation

Evidence suggests that the immunomodulatory property of polyphenols may also contribute to the reduction of cardiovascular risk. In the present study, we investigated the polyphenol extraction (PE) from Syzygium brachythyrsum, a functional food resource in south China, regarding the protective effect on inhibiting foam cell formation and the underlying molecular mechanism based on an ox-LDL-induced RAW264.7 macrophage model. The results of Oil Red O staining, Dil-ox-LDL fluorescent staining, and cholesterol efflux experiments showed that PE, and its two phenolics brachythol B (BB) and ethyl gallate (EG), significantly inhibited the foam cell formation, which may be associated with reducing the expression of SR-A1 and CD36 while increasing expression of SR-B1, ABCG1, and PPARγ. In addition, BB and EG also reduce the inflammatory response by down-regulating the expression of NF-κB and MAPK signal pathway proteins, thereby inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors. Altogether, PE and its two components BB and EG attenuated foam cell formation and macrophage inflammation response.
An Approach of Path Optimization Algorithm for 3D Concrete Printing Based on Graph Theory

In this paper, a method of 3D concrete printing is used to find the optimal path of the nozzle running path. We propose a path optimization algorithm based on graph theory to solve two key problems in 3D concrete printing. The partitioning algorithm based on graph theory was adopted to improve the forming quality of concrete components, and ant colony algorithm was used to reduce printing time. The method was evaluated with 3D concrete printing experiments after introducing the process of implementing the partition algorithm and ant colony algorithm. The experiment results show a significant reduction in the idle strokes and the nozzle head-up times of the running path planned by the method in this paper. This has a direct impact on shortening the printing time and improving the forming quality. Compared with the other three conventional algorithms, the idle strokes of the nozzle planned by the method in this paper are reduced by 18.94%, 37.88%, and 66.67%, and the nozzle head-up times are reduced by 1.59%, 2.15%, and 8.69%. It provides a practical reference for the path optimization of 3D concrete printing.
Coupled currents in cosmic strings

We examine the structure of a cosmic string endowed with two Abelian neutral currents, associated with two global U(1) symmetries. We first resolve the microstructure and show that it depends on two state parameters, namely, the squares of the phase gradients of the current carriers. We then provide a macroscopic description for such a string and show that it depends on an additional Lorentz-invariant state parameter that relates the two currents. We find that in most of the parameter space, the two-current string is essentially equivalent to the single-current-carrying string; i.e., only one field condenses onto the defect. In the regions where two currents are present, we find that as far as stability is concerned, one can approximate the dynamics with good accuracy using an analytic model based on either a logarithmic (on the electric side, i.e., for timelike currents) or a rational (on the magnetic side, i.e., for spacelike currents) world sheet Lagrangian. We end up by generalizing to the N current case.
THE STABILITY AND DYNAMICS OF PLANETS IN TIGHT BINARY SYSTEMS

Planets have been observed in tight binary systems with separations less than 20 AU. A likely formation scenario for such systems involves a dynamical capture, after which high relative inclinations are likely and may lead to Kozai oscillations. We numerically investigate the fate of an initially coplanar double-planet system in a class of binaries with separation ranging between 12 and 20 AU. Dynamical integrations of representative four-body systems are performed, each including a hot Jupiter and a second planet on a wider orbit. We find that, although such systems can remain stable at low relative inclinations (≲40°), high relative inclinations are likely to lead to instabilities. This can be avoided if the planets are placed in a Kozai-stable zone within which mutual gravitational perturbations can suppress the Kozai mechanism. We investigate the possibility of inducing Kozai oscillations in the inner orbit by a weak coupling mechanism between the planets in which the coplanarity is broken due to a differential nodal precession. Propagating perturbations from the stellar companion through a planetary system in this manner can have dramatic effects on the dynamical evolution of planetary systems, especially in tight binaries and can offer a reasonable explanation for eccentricity trends among planets observed in binary systems. We find that inducing such oscillations into the orbit of a hot Jupiter is more likely in tight binaries and an upper limit can be set on the binary separation above which these oscillations are not observed.
Cosmological radiative transfer for the line-of-sight proximity effect

Aims. We study the proximity effect in the Lyα forest around high redshift quasars as a function of redshift and environment employing a set of 3D continuum radiative transfer simulations. Methods. The analysis is based on dark-matter-only simulations at redshifts 3, 4, and 4.9 and, adopting an effective equation of state for the baryonic matter, we infer the HI densities and temperatures in the cosmological box. The UV background (UVB) and additional QSO radiation with Lyman limit flux of L vLL = 10 31 and 10 32 erg Hz ―1 s ―1 are implemented with a Monte Carlo continuum radiative transfer code until an equilibrium configuration is reached. We analyse 500 mock spectra originating at the position of the QSO in the most massive halo, in a random filament, and in a void. The proximity effect is studied using flux transmission statistics, in particular with the normalised optical depth ξ = τ eff,QSO /τ eff,Lyα , which is the ratio of the effective optical depth in the spectrum near the quasar to that in the average Lyα forest. Results. Beyond a radius of r > 1 Mpc h ―1 from the quasar, we measure a transmission profile consistent with geometric dilution of the QSO ionising radiation. A departure from geometric dilution is only seen when strong absorbers transverse the line-of-sight. The cosmic density distribution around the QSO causes a large scatter in the normalised optical depth. The scatter decreases with increasing redshift and increasing QSO luminosity. The mean proximity effect identified in the average signal over 500 lines of sight provides an average signal that is biased by random large-scale density enhancements on scales up to r ≈ 15 Mpc h ―1 . The distribution of the proximity effect strength, a parameter that describes a shift in the transmission profile with respect to a fiducial profile, provides a measurement of the proximity effect along individual lines of sight. It shows a clear maximum almost without any environmental bias. This maximum can therefore be used as an unbiased estimate of the UVB. Different spectral energy distributions between the QSO and the UVB modify the profile but this can be reasonably well corrected analytically. A few Lyman limit systems have been identified that prevent the detection of the proximity effect because of shadowing.
The Cognitive Improvement and Alleviation of Brain Hypermetabolism Caused by FFAR3 Ablation in Tg2576 Mice Is Persistent under Diet-Induced Obesity

Obesity and aging are becoming increasingly prevalent across the globe. It has been established that aging is the major risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and it is becoming increasingly evident that obesity and the associated insulin resistance are also notably relevant risk factors. The biological plausibility of the link between high adiposity, insulin resistance, and dementia is central for understanding AD etiology, and to form bases for prevention efforts to decrease the disease burden. Several studies have demonstrated a strong association between short chain fatty acid receptor FFAR3 and insulin sensitivity. Interestingly, it has been recently established that FFAR3 mRNA levels are increased in early stages of the AD pathology, indicating that FFAR3 could play a key role in AD onset and progression. Indeed, in the present study we demonstrate that the ablation of the Ffar3 gene in Tg2576 mice prevents the development of cognitive deficiencies in advanced stages of the disease. Notably, this cognitive improvement is also maintained upon a severe metabolic challenge such as the exposure to high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Moreover, FFAR3 deletion restores the brain hypermetabolism displayed by Tg2576 mice. Collectively, these data postulate FFAR3 as a potential novel target for AD.
Energy spectral property in an isolated CME-driven shock

Observations from multiple spacecraft show that there are energy spectral “breaks” at 1–10 MeV in some large CME-driven shocks. However, numerical models can hardly simulate this property due to high computational expense. The present paper focuses on analyzing these energy spectral “breaks” by Monte Carlo particle simulations of an isolated CME-driven shock. Taking the 2006 Dec 14 CME-driven shock as an example, we investigate the formation of this energy spectral property. For this purpose, we apply different values for the scattering time in our isolated shock model to obtain the highest energy “tails,” which can potentially exceed the “break” energy range. However, we have not found the highest energy “tails” beyond the “break” energy range, but instead find that the highest energy “tails” reach saturation near the range of energy at 5 MeV. So, we believe that there exists an energy spectral “cut off” in an isolated shock. If there is no interaction with another shock, there would not be formation of the energy spectral “break” property.
Progress towards precision measurements of beta-decay correlation parameters using atom and ion traps

The correlations of the decay products following the beta decay of nuclei have a long history of providing a low-energy probe of the fundamental symmetries of our universe. Over half a century ago, the correlation of the electrons following the decay of polarized 60Co demonstrated that parity is not conserved in weak interactions. Today, the same basic idea continues to be applied to search for physics beyond the standard model: make precision measurements of correlation parameters and look for deviations compared to their standard model predictions. Efforts to measure these parameters to the 0.1% level utilizing atom and ion trapping techniques are described.
AMBIPOLAR DIFFUSION IN ACTION: TRANSIENT C SHOCK STRUCTURE AND PRESTELLAR CORE FORMATION

We analyze the properties of steady and time-dependent C shocks under conditions prevailing in giant molecular clouds. For steady C shocks, we show that ionization equilibrium holds and uses numerical integration to obtain a fitting formula for the shock thickness mediated by ambipolar diffusion, Lshock∝n0−3/4v01/2B01/2χi0−1. Our formula also agrees with an analytic estimate based on ion–neutral momentum exchange. Using time-dependent numerical simulations, we show that C shocks have a transient stage when the neutrals are compressed much more strongly than the magnetic field. The transient stage has a duration set by the neutral–ion collision time, tAD ∼ Lshock/vdrift ∼ 0.1–1 Myr. This transient creates a strong enhancement in the mass-to-magnetic flux ratio. Under favorable conditions, supercritical prestellar cores may form and collapse promptly as a result of magnetic flux loss during the transient stage of C shocks.
Dealing with Technological Change: Social Policy Preferences and Institutional Context

How does technological change affect social policy preferences across different institutional contexts? In this paper, we argue that individuals who perceive high levels of technology-related employment risks prefer passive policies like unemployment benefits over active measures like retraining in order to satisfy the need for immediate compensation in the case of job loss. At the same time, general support for passive (active) policy solutions to technological change should be significantly lower (higher) in countries where generous compensation schemes already exist. As the perception of technology-related employment risks increases, however, we expect that social policy preferences among high-risk individuals should converge across different welfare state contexts. We use novel data from a diverse set of 24 OECD countries that specifically measure preferred social policy solutions to technological change in a constrained choice scenario. Applying statistical methods that explicitly model the trade-off faced by individuals, we find evidence in line with our theoretical expectations.
Effects of cavity–cavity interaction on the entanglement dynamics of a generalized double Jaynes–Cummings model

We consider a generalized double Jaynes–Cummings model consisting of two isolated two-level atoms, each contained in a lossless cavity that interact with each other through a controlled photon-hopping mechanism. We analytically show that at low values of such a mediated cavity–cavity interaction, the temporal evolution of entanglement between the atoms, under the effects of cavity perturbation, exhibits the well-known phenomenon of entanglement sudden death (ESD). Interestingly, for moderately large interaction values, a complete preclusion of ESD is achieved, irrespective of its value in the initial atomic state. Our results provide a model to sustain entanglement between two atomic qubits, under the adverse effect of cavity induced perturbation, by introducing a non-intrusive inter-cavity photon exchange that can be physically realized through cavity-QED setups in contemporary experiments.