Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
El efecto de priming y sus variantes experimentales

El objetivo de este articulo es distinguir entre las variantes experimentales del efecto de priming. Se presentan y discuten las diferencias entre el priming perceptual, semantico, intramodal e intermodal. El priming perceptual es susceptible a las manipulaciones fisicas de los estimulos, mientras que el priming semantico es afectado por manipulaciones del nivel de procesamiento. Los experimentos de priming intramodal presentan estimulos de la misma modalidad perceptual tanto en fase de estudio, como en fase de prueba. Los experimentos de priming intermodal, en cambio, presentan estimulos de modalidades diferentes. El estudio de las variantes experimentales del priming es pertinente desde el punto de vista de la psicologia cognitiva dado que colabora con la comprension de los procesos de la memoria implicita.
Constructivism and education: Why constructivism must be radical

theory for explaining cognitive development — an offshoot of child psychology. This initial misunderstanding was compounded when Piaget‟s term “constructivism” began to be discussed in educational circles. It gave rise to statements such as: “It‟s obvious, after all, the children don‟t simply swallow all adult knowledge whole, they have to construct it! ”. Even today, a good many authors are convinced that they are constructivists, yet they have never put traditional epistemology in question. It was their naive interpretation that prompted me to add the qualifier “radical” to constructivism. It was, indeed, radical to break away from the traditional way of thinking according to which all human knowledge ought or can approach a more or less “true” representation of an independently existing, or ontological reality. In place of this notion of representation, radical constructivism introduces a new, more tangible relationship between knowledge and reality, which I have called a relationship of “viability”. Simply put, the notion of viability means that an action, operation, conceptual structure, or even a theory, is considered “viable” as long as it is useful in accomplishing a task or in achieving a goal that one has set for oneself. Thus, instead of claiming that knowledge is capable of representing a world outside of our experience, we would say, as did the pragmatists, that knowledge is a tool within the realm of
Listen, Learn, Like! Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Involved in the Mere Exposure Effect in Music

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neural basis of the mere exposure effect in music listening, which links previous exposure to liking. Prior to scanning, participants underwent a learning phase, where exposure to melodies was systematically varied. During scanning, participants rated liking for each melody and, later, their recognition of them. Participants showed learning effects, better recognising melodies heard more often. Melodies heard most often were most liked, consistent with the mere exposure effect. We found neural activations as a function of previous exposure in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal and inferior parietal cortex, probably reflecting retrieval and working memory-related processes. This was despite the fact that the task during scanning was to judge liking, not recognition, thus suggesting that appreciation of music relies strongly on memory processes. Subjective liking per se caused differential activation in the left hemisphere, of the anterior insula, the caudate nucleus, and the putamen.
Supporting sense-making and decision-making through time evolution analysis of open sources

Modern societies produce a huge amount of open source information that is often published on the Web in a natural language form. The impossibility of reading all these documents is paving the way to semantic-based technologies that are able to extract from unstructured documents relevant information for analysts. Most solutions extract uncorrelated pieces of information from individual documents; few of them create links among related documents and, to the best of our knowledge, no technology focuses on the time evolution of relations among entities. We propose a novel approach for managing, querying and visualizing temporal knowledge extracted from unstructured documents that can open the way to novel forms of sense-making and decision-making processes. We leverage state-of-the-art natural language processing engines for the semantic analysis of textual data sources to build a temporal graph database that highlights relationships among entities belonging to different documents and time frames. Moreover, we introduce the concept of temporal graph query that analysts can use to identify all the relationships of an entity and to visualize their evolution over time. This process enables the application of statistical algorithms that can be oriented to the automatic analysis of anomalies, state change detection, forecasting. Preliminary results demonstrate that the representation of the evolution of entities and relationships allows an analyst to highlight relevant events among the large amount of open source documents.
Perspectives on thinking, learning, and cognitive styles

Contents: Preface. R.J. Sternberg, E.L. Grigorenko, A Capsule History of Theory and Research on Styles. J.S. Renzulli, D.Y. Dai, Abilities, Interests, and Styles as Aptitude for Learning: A Person-Situation Interaction Perspective. R. Riding, The Nature and Effects of Cognitive Style. J. Biggs, Enhancing Learning: A Matter of Style or Approach? N. Entwistle, V. McCune, P. Walker, Conceptions, Styles, and Approaches Within Higher Education: Analytical Abstractions in Everyday Experience. G.M. Boulton-Lewis, F. Marton, L.A. Wilss, The Lived Space of Learning: An Inquiry Into Indigenous Australian University Students' Experiences of Studying. D. Watkins, Correlates of Approaches to Learning: A Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis. L-F. Zhang, R.J. Sternberg, Thinking Styles Across Cultures: Their Relationships With Student Learning. D.A. Kolb, R.E. Boyatzis, C. Mainemelis, Experiential Learning Theory: Previous Research and New Directions. R.J. Sternberg, Epilogue: Another Mysterious Affair at Styles.
Five Roles of an Information System: A Social Constructionist Approach to Analysing the Use of ERP Systems

This paper presents a novel way of thinking about how information systems are used in organisations. Traditionally, computerised information systems are viewed as objects. In contrast, by viewing the information system as an actor, the understanding of the structuration process increases. The user, being influenced by the ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system and giving it an actor role, thereby also confers agency on the ERP system; through its very use it influences actions and thus also the structure. Based on a case study of ERP use in an ABB company over a decade, five different roles played by the ERP systems were identified. The ERP systems acted as Bureaucrat, Manipulator, Administrative assistant, Consultant or were dismissed (Dismissed) in the sense that intended users chose to avoid using them. These terms are defined in the full text.
Similarity and Attractiveness in Social Perception: Differentiating Between Biases for the Self and the Beautiful

An impressive empirical literature suggests that physical attractiveness is associated with interpersonal attraction and with specific personality traits, some of which are favorable and many of which are objectively unrelated to attractiveness. Interestingly, much of the research investigating the impact of attractiveness on liking and personality inference has not accounted for the role of the self in social perception. In this project I investigated the possibility that perceptual similarity between the self and target contributes to differential judgments of attractive and unattractive individuals. Participants completed self-ratings of physical attractiveness and evaluated a target who was high, medium, or low in physical attractiveness. As expected, participants rated themselves as relatively attractive and as similar on attractiveness to attractive targets. Target evaluations varied as a function of target attractiveness; however, self-ratings on attractiveness moderated the impact of target attractiveness on liking for and personality inferences about the target. Attractiveness similarity also completely mediated the effect of target attractiveness on liking. The findings are discussed with regard to implicit personality theory and implicit egotism.
Dynamic design and evaluation of software architecture in critical systems development

The software architecture of a computing system is an abstracted structure of the system in terms of elements and relationships. Such structures may be viewed from a number of viewpoints including static/module, dynamic/execution, and deployment viewpoints. Software architecture fundamentally influences systems from all of these viewpoints and designing and implementing proper software architectures is thus critical in many problem domain areas, including the ones that pertain to safety-critical systems. With respect to safety-critical systems, a particular problem with focusing on software architecture is that there may be a large abstraction gap between an architectural description and an executing system or a formal model thereof thus potentially leading to inconsistencies between models and implementation. Addressing this problem, this paper presents tools and techniques for specifying executable software architectures and for validating these with formal models such as statecharts and Petri nets.
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 in the world of cell migration

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is one of the few master switch kinases that regulate many aspects of cell functions. Recent studies on cell polarization and migration have shown that GSK3 is also essential for proper regulation of these processes. GSK3 influences cell migration as one of the regulators of the spatiotemporally controlled dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton, microtubules, and cell‐to‐matrix adhesions. In this mini‐review, the effects of GSK3 on these three aspects of cell migration will be discussed.
An adaptive maintenance of hierarchical structure in ad hoc networks and its evaluation

Hierarchical routing is effective for large ad hoc networks. However, it is difficult to maintain the hierarchical structure for routing due to node movement. This paper proposes an adaptive method for maintaining the hierarchical structure. The features of the proposed method are (1) the roles of nodes for the hierarchical structure are changed depending on the status of nodes in the restricted vicinity, and (2) the cluster size is adjusted so that the number of nodes in each cluster is bounded by two constants. The adaptability of the proposed method has been evaluated by theoretical considerations and simulation experiments. The results show that node roles and clusters efficiently converges to stable states because of the features. The proposed method therefore has high adaptability to node movement.
Business and the Public Schools.

What are the costs of education failure in the public schools? What does business need from the schools to achieve increased productivity and economic growth? Once identified, how can the education objectives to meet those needs be achieved, and how can their achievement be substantiated? These questions framed the research and analysis commissioned for the Committee for Economic Development project which resulted in the publication of the policy statement Investing In Our Children (1985). The first two questions are at the crux of the business/education relationship; the third goes to the heart of education change. These important questions have guided us in fashioning a practical, systematic approach which capitalizes on business' interest and expertise. They also contribute to our understanding of two broader, more fundamental questions. First, what is the relationship between education and economic growth? Second, what is the potential of business involvement for improving the quality of American public schools?
Increased stray gas abundance in a subset of drinking water wells near Marcellus shale gas extraction

Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing are transforming energy production, but their potential environmental effects remain controversial. We analyzed 141 drinking water wells across the Appalachian Plateaus physiographic province of northeastern Pennsylvania, examining natural gas concentrations and isotopic signatures with proximity to shale gas wells. Methane was detected in 82% of drinking water samples, with average concentrations six times higher for homes <1 km from natural gas wells (P = 0.0006). Ethane was 23 times higher in homes <1 km from gas wells (P = 0.0013); propane was detected in 10 water wells, all within approximately 1 km distance (P = 0.01). Of three factors previously proposed to influence gas concentrations in shallow groundwater (distances to gas wells, valley bottoms, and the Appalachian Structural Front, a proxy for tectonic deformation), distance to gas wells was highly significant for methane concentrations (P = 0.007; multiple regression), whereas distances to valley bottoms and the Appalachian Structural Front were not significant (P = 0.27 and P = 0.11, respectively). Distance to gas wells was also the most significant factor for Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses (P < 0.01). For ethane concentrations, distance to gas wells was the only statistically significant factor (P < 0.005). Isotopic signatures (δ13C-CH4, δ13C-C2H6, and δ2H-CH4), hydrocarbon ratios (methane to ethane and propane), and the ratio of the noble gas 4He to CH4 in groundwater were characteristic of a thermally postmature Marcellus-like source in some cases. Overall, our data suggest that some homeowners living <1 km from gas wells have drinking water contaminated with stray gases.
Germ-free and Colonized Mice Generate the Same Products from Enteric Prodefensins*

The use of germ-free mice offers the possibility to study antibacterial components in a gut uncolonized by bacteria. We have developed a method to extract and high pressure liquid chromatography-fractionate the antibacterial factors present in the small intestine of a single mouse. By mass spectrometry and sequence analyses of fractions exhibiting antimicrobial activity, we identified and characterized the defensin region in germ-free mice as well as in colonized mice. Defensins made up around 15% of the total antibacterial activity both in germ-free and colonized mice. The intestine of germ-free mice exhibited the same set of mature enteric defensins (defensins 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6) as mice colonized by a normal microflora. Mature defensins are generated through processing of larger precursors by enzymatic removal of a signal peptide and a propiece. We found that all prodefensins were cleaved at a Ser/Ala-Leu bond, giving 34-residue propiece peptides and only trace amounts of the predicted 39-residue peptide. This first step must be followed by the removal of a residual peptide to render the mature defensins, indicating that the processing is more complex than previously anticipated. The same propieces were found in both germ-free and colonized mice, suggesting that the same processing operates independent of bacterial presence in the intestine.
Overestimating the Role of Environment in Cancers

In a recent article, Wu and colleagues (Nature 2016;529:43–47) review previous studies and present new estimates for the contribution of extrinsic factors to cancer development. The new estimates are generally close to 100%, even for bone and brain cancers that have no known associations with lifestyle and are typically not considered to be preventable. We find that the results of Wu and colleagues are incompatible with previous estimates derived from epidemiological and genetic data. We further argue that their methods are fundamentally flawed because they overlook important effects of tissue type on cancer risk. We therefore conclude that their results give a misleading view of cancer etiology and preventability. Cancer Prev Res; 9(10); 773–6. ©2016 AACR.
Mining user navigational patterns in dynamically changing environments

Data mining has been applied to knowledge discovery in various nontraditional application domains, each with its own differentiating characteristics that make the use of only traditional data mining algorithms untenable. in this work we carefully motivate a new domain for data mining, which involves discovering the navigational patterns of users in environments with dynamically changing content (for example, cable-TV viewers). the access sites we study display continuously changing content unlike Web pages that are relatively static, thus, calling for new algorithms for identifying interesting navigational patterns. we propose an algorithm for discovering user navigational behaviour in response to streaming content, based on behavioral predicates. a second algorithm is proposed for discovering navigational paths frequently traversed by the system's users. the algorithms incorporate the rich temporal semantics existing in sites with streaming content.
Lyapunov-like stability of switched stochastic systems

In this paper, three theorems regarding stability of switched stochastic systems are stated and proved. Lyapunov techniques are used to derive sufficient conditions for stability in probability of the overall system and we distinguish between the cases of a common Lyapunov function and multiple Lyapunov functions. An application to distributed air traffic management is discussed as a future goal.
The Pancreas Secreting Insulin for Decades after Onset of Type I Diabetes — Implications for Care and Management

Up until recently, the prevailing dogma was that insulin secretion ceased within a couple of years after the diagnosis of type I diabetes, a clinical time period called the honeymoon. But a series of recent studies have established that release of C-peptide, which is the best measure of endogenous insulin production, can commonly persist for decades after disease onset. The release of C-peptide, even at low levels, is shown to have functional and clinical significance. For example, C-peptide levels >10 pmol/l are associated with fewer diabetes complications, i.e., nephropathy, neuropathy, foot ulcers, and retinopathy. The diabetic population may also be heterogeneous in risk for fall in C-peptide, with early age of diabetes onset a risk factor for more rapid C-pep‐ tide decline. The persistence of insulin release for decades and its functional and clini‐ cal significance suggest that assays for C-peptide should be a regular part of diabetes management. Furthermore, patients with established diabetes should be eligible to participate in clinical trials of immune therapies since preservation of these low levels appears clinically important to prevent complications.
The Mindful Path to Self-Compassion: Freeing Yourself from Destructive Thoughts and Emotions

Salzberg, Foreword. Introduction. Part I: Discovering Self-Compassion. Being Kind to Yourself. Listening to Your Body. Bringing in Difficult Emotions. What's Self-Compassion? Pathways to Self-Compassion. Part II: Practicing Loving-kindness. Caring for Ourselves. Caring for Others. Part III: Customizing Self-Compassion. Finding Your Balance. Making Progress. Appendix A: Emotion Words. Appendix B: Additional Self-Compassion Exercises. Appendix C: Further Reading and Practice.
Decoupling Sparse Coding with Fusion of Fisher Vectors and Scalable SVMs for Large-Scale Visual Recognition

With the advent of huge collection of images from Internet and emerging mobile devices, large-scale image classification draws amount of research attention in computer vision and AI communities. The advancement of large-scale image classification largely depends on solutions to two problems: how to learn good feature representation from variant scales of pixels, and how to create classification models that can discriminate the feature representation for different semantic meanings of many objects. In this paper, we tackle the first problem by combining different feature representations via sparse coding and Fisher vectors of SIFT and color-based features. To deal with the second problem, we utilize the Averaged Stochastic Gradient Descent (ASGD) algorithm to enable fast and incremental learning of SVMs and further generate confidence values to interpret the likelihood of multiple object categories appearing in the image. We evaluate the proposed learning framework on the ImageNet, a benchmark dataset for large-scale image classification. Our results show favorable performance on a subset of ImageNet containing 196 categories. We also investigate the performance of sparse coding by comparing different combination of algorithms in learning a dictionary and sparse representations. Although there is a natural pair of algorithms to learn a dictionary and sparse representations (e.g., K-SVD with respect to Orthogonal Matching Pursuit), breaking such a pair and rematching are found to result in even better performance. Moreover, detailed comparison indicates that ℓ1-regularized solver to sparse representation mainly benefit the classification accuracy, regardless of the choice of dictionaries.
Poly(D-glucose carbonate) block copolymers: a platform for natural product-based nanomaterials with Solvothermatic characteristics.

A natural product-based polymer platform, having the characteristics of being derived from renewable materials and capable of breaking down, ultimately, into natural byproducts, has been prepared through the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of a glucose-based bicyclic carbonate monomer. ROP was carried out via chain extension of a polyphosphoester (PPE) macroinitiator in the presence of 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4. 0]dec-5-ene (TBD) organocatalyst to afford the PPE-b-poly(D-glucose carbonate) (PDGC) block copolymer. This new copolymer represents a functional architecture that can be rapidly transformed through thiol-yne reactions along the PPE segment into a diverse variety of amphiphilic polymers, which interestingly display stimuli-sensitive phase behavior in the form of a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Below the LCST, they undergo self-assembly to form spherical core-shell nanostructures that display a poorly defined core-shell morphology. It is expected that hydrophobic patches are exposed within the micellar corona, reminiscent of the surface complexity of proteins, making these materials of interest for triggered and reversible assembly disassembly processes.
The value of haptic feedback in lane keeping

We predominantly rely on our (intermittent) visual perception of the environment to perform a driving task safely, robustly, and with sufficient experience seemingly effortless and comfortably. Research has shown that haptic shared control can improve car-following performance, curve negotiation, evasive manoeuvring, eco-driving and even adhering to speed limits, while reducing driver effort to do so. While these results show the versatility of the application of haptic guidance the improvements in performance were usually significant but relatively small compared to the visual only conditions. The goal of the research presented in this article was to gather empirical data to determine the information content contained in haptic feedback to present essential steering control information to drivers during curve negotiation. We hypothesized that the absence of essential visual information from the environment critical to lateral control of the vehicle - either near or far visual information - could adequately be compensated for by haptic guidance on the steering wheel. The results of our fixed-base driving simulator experiment show that our haptic guidance system is most effective in compensating for loss of near visual information, which guides the compensatory control process.