Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atomistic 3D process/device simulation considering gate line-edge roughness and poly-Si random crystal orientation effects [MOSFETs]

Using newly developed simulation tools for the precise design of sub-100 nm MOSFETs, intrinsic statistical fluctuations in device characteristics were examined. Ion implantation and subsequent dopant diffusion/activation were simulated based on Monte Carlo procedures. 3D device simulations were performed based on the conventional drift-diffusion model in which electrostatic potential distributions were constructed from the long-range Coulombic components of individual discrete dopant atom potentials. Gate line-edge-roughness (LER) and random discrete dopant effects were incorporated in this simulation. Another possible source of fluctuation, i.e. gate poly-Si crystalline grain random orientation effects in conjunction with oblique halo implantation, was also examined. An atomistic approach to both 3D process and device simulations enabled us to closely examine the coupling effects of the significant sources of fluctuation, i.e. LER and random-discrete-dopant, in the context of practical fabrication processes.
Comparison of Nature Inspired Metaheuristic Algorithms

Metaheuristics is basically a higher level procedure, which generates a simpler procedure to solve an optimization problem. Optimization is the process of adjusting the inputs to or characteristics of a device, mathematical process, or experiment to find the minimum or maximum output or result. The input consists of variables; the process or function is known as the cost function, objective function, or fitness function; and the output is the cost or fitness. Since cost is something to be minimized, optimization becomes minimization. By searching over a large set of feasible solutions, metaheuristics can often find good solutions with less computational effort than algorithms, iterative methods, or simple heuristics. It is a refinement to the exhaustive search includes first searching a coarse sampling of the fitness function, then progressively narrowing the search to promising regions with a finer toothed comb. It speeds convergence and increases the number of variables that can be searched but also increases the odds of missing the global minimum. Metaheuristic algorithms are approximate and non-deterministic and are not problem specific. Metaheuristics are used for combinatorial optimization in which an optimal solution is sought over a discrete search-space, like the travelling salesman problem, where the search-space of candidate solutions grows faster than exponentially as the size of the problem increases, which makes an exhaustive search for the optimal solution infeasible. Many
Particle swarm optimization for optimal deployment of relay nodes in hybrid sensor networks

In order to solve the problem of optimal deployment in static hybrid sensor networks, an particle swarm optimization for integer planning is adopted to optimally deploy the relay nodes so as to obtain the optimal energy efficiency by minimizing the average path length. The modified particle swarm optimization can improve calculation efficiency, because the method restricts the evolution within integer space has decreased the searching probability in many unwanted non-feasible solution field. The simulations showed that the optimal deployment of relay nodes can largely improve the energy efficiency and the location of sink has direct affect on the optimal efficiency.
Immigrant Associations and Political Participation: When Language Matters: The Catalan Case

The influx of immigrants into Catalonia over the last decade has entailed a major social, economic and demographic change, one that has had and will undoubtedly continue to have a significant role in shaping 21st century Catalonia. While it is true that there is a clear downward shift in the migratory cycle due to the current economic crisis, it is no less true that a large number of immigrants have chosen to make Catalonia their home. In the last few years, the change in the migratory trend mentioned above has altered the type of immigration policies currently being adopted. Emphasis is now placed primarily on the different aspects of accommodation and integration, language and political participation being two of these aspects. Language is not only a tool for communication of immigrants in day-to-day life but also a necessary element for their participation in public life.2 Language becomes even more relevant in the context of a territory with more than one official language, such as Catalonia, where immigrants can only choose to integrate through the medium of the majority language, Spanish, and bypass the minority one, Catalan. Participation of immigrants in Catalonia has been considered a key aspect in their integration process. Generally speaking, integration is defined as the “process of becoming an accepted part of society. ”3 In this process, the political participation of immigrants has been deemed an essential part of defending and acknowledging their rights and duties.
Resumen y formulación de preguntas: efectos sobre la compresión lectora en niños de Primaria

Resumen Dos de las estrategias de la Enseñanza Recíproca más eficaces en la mejora de la comprensión lectora (Rosenshiney Meister, 1994) fueron examinadas en niños de 3° y 4° de primaria. Así, 27 fueron instruidos en Resumen, 28 en Formulación de Preguntas y 51 sirvieron como grupo comparación. En textos de estructura clara, los grupos entrenados obtuvieron mejores resultados que el grupo comparación; y en textos de estructura poco clara el grupo preguntas logró mejores resultados que el grupo comparación. Los resultados apoyan la eficacia de ambas estrategias instruidas de forma aislada y se suman a numerosos estudios sobre la posibilidad de instruir en estrategias metacognitivas desde edades tempranas. Finalmente, las implicaciones educativas para la enseñanza de la comprensión lectora son discutidas. El apéndice contiene un texto elaborado para el studio.
Free radicals and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias: protection by spin trap agent PBN in the rat heart.

Using the isolated perfused rat heart with transient (10-minute) regional ischemia induced by coronary artery ligation, we have shown that PBN (N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone), an organic spin trap agent designed specifically to form "stable" adducts with free radicals in electron spin resonance studies, can dramatically reduce the vulnerability of the myocardium to reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation. Studied in the concentration range of 5-1,000 microM/L, PBN added to the perfusate 5 minutes prior to ischemia exerted a dose-dependent protective effect. At the optimum concentration of 30 microM/L PBN reduced the incidence of ventricular fibrillation to 50% (6 of 12) from its control value of 100% (12 of 12). The antiarrhythmic effect was achieved without any substantial effect on coronary flow or heart rate. Investigating whether this was a direct antiarrhythmic effect, operating during reperfusion, or an indirect effect arising from the action of PBN on the heart during ischemia, PBN (30 microM/L) was added to the perfusion fluid 2 minutes before reperfusion. In the control group, 100% of the hearts fibrillated whereas only 50% fibrillated in the PBN group. Additional studies were designed to ascertain whether the drug caused an absolute reduction in vulnerability to reperfusion-induced arrhythmias (irrespective of the duration of ischemia) or whether it only shifted the ischemic time-reperfusion vulnerability curve to the right (i.e., delayed the onset of vulnerability). Thus, studies were undertaken to define the relation between the duration of ischemia and the incidence of reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in control hearts and hearts treated with PBN. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mice with STAT6-targeted gene disruption develop a Th1 response and control cutaneous leishmaniasis.

The cutaneous growth of Leishmania mexicana was measured in STAT6-deficient mice (STAT6-/-) and compared with that in similarly infected wild-type (STAT6+/+) mice. Following s.c. inoculation with 5 x 10(6) amastigotes of L. mexicana into the shaven rump, STAT6+/+ mice developed large, nonhealing cutaneous lesions, while STAT6-/- mice failed to develop detectable lesions during most of the course of study. As infection progressed, STAT6+/+ mice infected with L. mexicana displayed significantly higher titers of Leishmania-specific IgG1 and IgE compared with STAT6-/- mice, which conversely produced significantly higher titers of Leishmania-specific IgG2a, indicating development of a Th1-like response in the latter group. At 12 wk postinfection, Leishmania Ag-stimulated lymph node cells from STAT6-/- mice produced significantly higher amounts of IL-12 and IFN-gamma than those from STAT6+/+ mice as measured by ELISA. However, there was no significant difference in IL-4 production between the two groups. Semiquantitative RT-PCR of transcript levels in intact draining lymph nodes and skin from inoculation sites confirmed a similar pattern of cytokines in vivo as that observed in stimulated lymph node cells in vitro. These results indicate that STAT6-mediated IL-4 signaling is critical for progression of L. mexicana infection in genetically susceptible mice and demonstrate that in the absence of STAT6, susceptible mice default toward a Th1-like response and control cutaneous L. mexicana infection.
Hierarchical Lexical Structure and Interpretive Mapping in Machine Translation

Large-scale knowledge-based machine translation requires significant amounts of lexical knowledge in order to map syntactic structures to conceptual structures. This paper presents a framework in which lexical knowledge is separated into different levels of representation, which are arranged in a hierarchical model based on principles of knowledge representation and lexical semantics. The proposed methodology is language-independent, and has been used to organize lexical knowledge for both English and Japanese.
New Directions in the Theory and Research of Serious Leisure

Part 1 the basic properties: serious leisure - an overview the liberal arts hobbies career volunteering casual leisure. Part II Elaborations and extensions: cultural tourism leisure and selfishness leisure education. Part III Research and issues: recent theory and research current issues. Part IV The twenty-first century: the job-reduced future new directions in research.
Erkennung und Imitation von Gesichtsausdrücken bei Jugendlichen mit Autismus-Spektrumstörung sowie bei gesunden Kindern und Jugendlichen im Entwicklungsverlauf

Diese Dissertation ist auf den Internetseiten der Hochschulbibliothek online verfügbar. " Nicht alles, was zählt, kann gezählt werden, und nicht alles, was gezählt werden kann, zählt! " Albert Einstein Für meine geliebte Familie, die stets hinter mir steht und mir die Kraft gibt weiterzumachen.
Integrating Visual Information Across Camera Movements with a Visual-Motor Calibration Map

Facing the competing demands for wider field of view and higher spatial resolution, computer vision will evolve toward greater use of foveal sensors and frequent camera movements. Integration of visual information across movements becomes a fundamental problem. We show that integration is possible using a biologically-inspired representation we call the visual-motor calibration map. The map is a memory-based model of the relationship between camera movements and corresponding pixel locations before and after any movement. The map constitutes a self-calibration that can compensate for non-uniform sampling, lens distortion, mechanical misalignments, and arbitrary pixel reordering. Integration takes place entirely in a retinotopic frame, using a short-term, predictive visual memory.
Epithelial–mesenchymal interactions in breast cancer: evidence for a role of nuclear localized β‐catenin in carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts

Verghese E T, Shenoy H, Cookson V J, Green C A, Howarth J, Partanen R H, Pollock S, Waterworth A, Speirs V, Hughes T A & Hanby A M (2011) Histopathology59, 609–618
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) heterozygote superiority to natural multi-parasite infections in the water vole (Arvicola terrestris)

The fundamental role of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in immune recognition has led to a general consensus that the characteristically high levels of functional polymorphism at MHC genes is maintained by balancing selection operating through host–parasite coevolution. However, the actual mechanism by which selection operates is unclear. Two hypotheses have been proposed: overdominance (or heterozygote superiority) and negative frequency-dependent selection. Evidence for these hypotheses was evaluated by examining MHC–parasite relationships in an island population of water voles (Arvicola terrestris). Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine whether individual variation at an MHC class II DRB locus explained variation in the individual burdens of five different parasites. MHC genotype explained a significant amount of variation in the burden of gamasid mites, fleas (Megabothris walkeri) and nymphs of sheep ticks (Ixodes ricinus). Additionally, MHC heterozygotes were simultaneously co-infected by fewer parasite types than homozygotes. In each case where an MHC-dependent effect on parasite burden was resolved, the heterozygote genotype was associated with fewer parasites, and the heterozygote outperformed each homozygote in two of three cases, suggesting an overall superiority against parasitism for MHC heterozygote genotypes. This is the first demonstration of MHC heterozygote superiority against multiple parasites in a natural population, a mechanism that could help maintain high levels of functional MHC genetic diversity in natural populations.
Studies on the Anti-Oxidative Function of trans-Cinnamaldehyde-Included β-Cyclodextrin Complex

trans-Cinnamaldehyde (tCIN), an active compound found in cinnamon, is well known for its antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. The β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) oligomer has been used for a variety of applications in nanotechnology, including pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. Here, we aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of tCIN self-included in β-CD complexes (CIs) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with increasing concentrations of β-CD, tCIN, or CIs for different times. β-CD alone did not affect the production of nitric oxide (NO) or reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, both tCIN and CI significantly reduced NO and ROS production. Thus, CIs may have strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, similar to those of tCIN when used alone.
Evolutionary Multitasking Across Multi and Single-Objective Formulations for Improved Problem Solving

Traditionally, single-objective and multi-objective optimization have only considered a single problem in one run. However, the notion of evolutionary multitasking, which aims at solving multiple optimization problems simultaneously, has recently emerged in Evolutionary Computation (EC). It is inspired by the implicit parallelism of population-based search, which attempts to take advantage of implicit genetic transfer in a multitasking environment. According to optimization literature, transforming a single-objective optimization (SOO) problem into a multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem has often been found to remove local optima. Motivated by the aforementioned idea and the concept of multitasking, in this paper, we introduce a new strategy for tackling complex multi-modal problems. In particular, we solve the original (or target) SOO task together with an artificially formulated MOO task in a multitask setting. Therein, the MOO task is expected to provide a useful inductive bias to the search progress of the target SOO task by leveraging on the transferable knowledge shared between them, thereby helping overcome local optima and effectively guiding the population towards more promising regions of the search space.
CBVANET: A Cluster Based Vehicular Adhoc Network Model for Simple Highway Communication

---------------------------------------------------------------------- ABSTRACT ----------------------------------------------------------- VANET is a special class of Mobile Ad hoc Network. VANET is mainly used to model communication in a Vehicular environment where the vehicles are considered as VANET nodes with wireless links. In this paper an attempt has been made to create a new cluster model for efficient communication among the VANET nodes. For this purpose, taking the Simple Highway Vehicular model concept into consideration, a clustering model has been created. The proposed mobility model is called simple highway mobility model(SHWM). This paper focuses on the development of a clustering framework for communication among the VANET nodes. The various timings required for the formation of Clusters, Cluster head election time and Cluster head switching time are computed and presented. The proposed model can be used to characterize the Cluster Based Simple Highway Mobility Model (CBSHWM).
The Role of Product-Premium Fit in Determining the Effectiveness of Hedonic and Utilitarian Premiums

This research explores how the effectiveness of hedonic and utilitarian premiums is contingent with the degree of product-premium fit. It is proposed that the effectiveness of utilitarian/hedonic premiums is higher at a high/low degree of fit between the premium and the focal product. Specifically, a series of three experimental studies were conducted. Consistent with expectations, Study 1 found that at high product-premium fit utilitarian premiums were preferred over hedonic ones, while Study 2 revealed that hedonic ones were preferred at a low-fit condition. To further validate these preliminary results, Study 3 developed a full factorial experimental design wherein the interaction effect between the nature of the premium and product-premium fit on consumers’ liking, purchase intention and positive word-of-mouth was evaluated. This study confirmed the existence of a significant interaction effect and the direction of the simple effects was consistent with findings from Studies 1 and 2. However, the differences were only significant at a low-fit condition.
Adaptive Neural Coding Dependent on the Time-Varying Statistics of the Somatic Input Current

It is generally assumed that nerve cells optimize their performance to reflect the statistics of their input. Electronic circuit analogs of neurons require similar methods of self-optimization for stable and autonomous operation. We here describe and demonstrate a biologically plausible adaptive algorithm that enables a neuron to adapt the current threshold and the slope (or gain) of its current-frequency relationship to match the mean (or dc offset) and variance (or dynamic range or contrast) of the time-varying somatic input current. The adaptation algorithm estimates the somatic current signal from the spike train by way of the intracellular somatic calcium concentration, thereby continuously adjusting the neuron firing dynamics. This principle is shown to work in an analog VLSI-designed silicon neuron.
A transaction model supporting complex applications in integrated information systems

The use of database systems in new applications, e.g. computer aided design, software engineering, etc, leads to new requirements for the transaction management. Main characteristics of such environments are long duration of transactions and teamwork. In this paper we introduce a concept for lang transactions which especially supports the cooperative work of groups on a common set of data. The transaction model has two levels: on the one hand the team has to be protected from the outside world, on the other hand mechanisms are required which allow controlled teamwork an common objects. In the latter case rigid synchronisation mechanisms as used in database systems are not applicable. A main concept for the support of teamwork and for design databases in general is a user-oriented version mechanism. This paper presents such a mechanism and its integration into the transaction model.
Effectiveness of Statistical Features for Human Emotions Classification using EEG Biosensors

This study proposes a statistical features-based classification system for human emotions by using Electroencephalogram (EEG) bio-sensors. A total of six statistical features are computed from the EEG data and Artificial Neural Network is applied for the classification of emotions. The system is trained and tested with the statistical features extracted from the psychological signals acquired under emotions stimulation experiments. The effectiveness of each statistical feature and combinations of statistical features in classifying different types of emotions has been studied and evaluated. In the experiment of classifying four main types of emotions: Anger, Sad, Happy and Neutral, the overall classification rate as high as 90% is achieved.
An Exploratory Study of Links Between ADHD and a Chromosomal Mutation in a Single Family

The aim of this paper is to review evidence of genetic factors in the aetiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The review examines our current understanding of ADHD, including behavioural criteria, development, and cognition. It is concluded that there are a number of limitations in our current understanding of ADHD, stemming from high levels of co-morbidity, qualitative differences among subtypes, variable research methodology and a heavy reliance on a top down approach to research. The research literature contains a large amount of variation in measurement associated with defining ADHD as a behavioural phenotype, hampering genetic research. It is concluded that there is strong evidence supporting a genetic component to ADHD. Family, twin and molecular studies suggest ADHD may be part of some continuum, with a number of disorders having common genetic vulnerability, and that many genes interacting with environmental variables may be involved. It is suggested that future research should be longitudinal and family based in order to link behavioural, cognitive and genetic characteristics of ADHD as they emerge across the lifespan, and thereby inform our understanding of ADHD on a number of levels.
Symbolic Supervisory Control of Distributed Systems With Communications

We consider the control of distributed systems composed of subsystems communicating asynchronously; the aim is to build local controllers that restrict the behavior of a distributed system in order to satisfy a global state avoidance property. We model distributed systems as communicating finite state machines with reliable unbounded first in, first out (FIFO) queues between subsystems. Local controllers can only observe the behavior of their proper subsystem and do not see the queue contents. To refine their control policy, controllers can use the FIFO queues to communicate by piggy-backing extra information (some timestamps and their state estimates) to the messages sent by the subsystems. We provide an algorithm that computes, for each local subsystem (and thus for each controller), during the execution of the system, an estimate of the current global state of the distributed system. We then define a synthesis algorithm to compute local controllers. Our method relies on the computation of (co-)reachable states. Since the reachability problem is undecidable in our model, we use abstract interpretation techniques to obtain overapproximations of (co-)reachable states. An implementation of our algorithms provides an empirical evaluation of our method.