Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research Paper: Effect of CPOE User Interface Design on User-Initiated Access to Educational and Patient Information during Clinical Care

OBJECTIVE Authors evaluated whether displaying context sensitive links to infrequently accessed educational materials and patient information via the user interface of an inpatient computerized care provider order entry (CPOE) system would affect access rates to the materials. DESIGN The CPOE of Vanderbilt University Hospital (VUH) included "baseline" clinical decision support advice for safety and quality. Authors augmented this with seven new primarily educational decision support features. A prospective, randomized, controlled trial compared clinicians' utilization rates for the new materials via two interfaces. Control subjects could access study-related decision support from a menu in the standard CPOE interface. Intervention subjects received active notification when study-related decision support was available through context sensitive, visibly highlighted, selectable hyperlinks. MEASUREMENTS Rates of opportunities to access and utilization of study-related decision support materials from April 1999 through March 2000 on seven VUH Internal Medicine wards. RESULTS During 4,466 intervention subject-days, there were 240,504 (53.9/subject-day) opportunities for study-related decision support, while during 3,397 control subject-days, there were 178,235 (52.5/subject-day) opportunities for such decision support, respectively (p = 0.11). Individual intervention subjects accessed the decision support features at least once on 3.8% of subject-days logged on (278 responses); controls accessed it at least once on 0.6% of subject-days (18 responses), with a response rate ratio adjusted for decision support frequency of 9.17 (95% confidence interval 4.6-18, p < 0.0005). On average, intervention subjects accessed study-related decision support materials once every 16 days individually and once every 1.26 days in aggregate. CONCLUSION Highlighting availability of context-sensitive educational materials and patient information through visible hyperlinks significantly increased utilization rates for study-related decision support when compared to "standard" VUH CPOE methods, although absolute response rates were low.
A Measure of Stress and Arousal: Factor Structure of the Stress Adjective Checklist

A 20-item Stress Adjective Checklist (MacKay et al., 1978) was administered to 565 Canadian undergraduate psychology students and factor analyzed. A 4-factor solution was discarded as it could not be replicated. Both the 3-factor and 2-factor solutions were replicable and interpretable. The 3-factor solution comprised one bipolar and two correlated, monopolar factors, whereas the 2-factor solution contained two uncorrelated, bipolar factors. The 2-factor solution (stress and arousal) was chosen because it was felt that two factors better represented the affect domain and that the 3-factor solution (containing monopolar factors) may be an artifact of the methodology, that is, response scale asymmetry, scale imbalance and social desirability. The 2-factor solution was very similar to that found in British and Australian samples (King et al., 1983; MacKay et al., 1978) and supports the view of Russell (1979, 1980) that affect space is bipolar. Results are contrary to the view of Nowlis (1965) and Thayer (1967) and others, who argue in favor of monopolar factors. Suggestions for further research and refinement of the scale are made.
Normal Proliferation and Tumorigenesis but Impaired Pancreatic Function in Mice Lacking the Cell Cycle Regulator Sei1

Sei1 is a positive regulator of proliferation that promotes the assembly of Cdk4-cyclin D complexes and enhances the transcriptional activity of E2f1. The potential oncogenic role of Sei1 is further suggested by its overexpression in various types of human cancers. To study the role of Sei1, we have generated a mouse line deficient for this gene. Sei1-null fibroblasts did not show abnormalities regarding proliferation or susceptibility to neoplastic transformation, nor did we observe defects on Cdk4 complexes or E2f activity. Sei1-null mice were viable, did not present overt pathologies, had a normal lifespan, and had a normal susceptibility to spontaneous and chemically-induced cancer. Pancreatic insulin-producing cells are known to be particularly sensitive to Cdk4-cyclin D and E2f activities, and we have observed that Sei1 is highly expressed in pancreatic islets compared to other tissues. Interestingly, Sei1-null mice present lower number of islets, decreased β-cell area, impaired insulin secretion, and glucose intolerance. These defects were associated to nuclear accumulation of the cell-cycle inhibitors p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 in islet cells. We conclude that Sei1 plays an important role in pancreatic β-cells, which supports a functional link between Sei1 and the core cell cycle regulators specifically in the context of the pancreas.
Performance analysis of an (m, n) energy detector in fading environment with double threshold

It is known that, energy detector for spectrum sensing in cognitive system is simple in implementation, fast, and standards independent. However, it is known that energy detector suffers from its dependency over the noise level of detected signal. Different techniques have been proposed in order to combat that dependency. Among those techniques: antenna diversity, collaborative sensing, and double threshold schemes. In this paper we propose a technique that uses an m-antenna diversity and n-sensors collaboration (m, n) in order to improve the performance of a double threshold energy detector in fading channel. Close formulas for Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) and its complement were used in our analysis. Simulation results in both AWGN and fading channels show an agreement with obtained results in [2] in the case of Gaussian channel and confirm the behaviour of double detector on the sense of improving probability of collision at the expense of spectrum utilization
Processing collocations in a second language: A case of first language activation?

ABSTRACT This study investigated the possible influence of first language (L1) collocational patterns on second language (L2) collocational processing. A lexical decision task was used to assess whether collocational patterns acceptable in the L1 but not the L2 would still be activated when processing language entirely in the L2. The results revealed no such activation. Furthermore, L2 speakers did not produce accelerated processing for control collocations that were acceptable in the L2 but not the L1. Based on these findings, we put forth some theoretical suggestions regarding recent research indicating accelerated processing for congruent over incongruent collocations. Finally, our NS control group revealed some unexpected tendencies that cannot be easily accounted for with our current understanding of L1 language processing.
Propose and Re-rank Semantic Segmentation via Deep Image Classification

Image classification (i.e. the task of predicting the presence or absence of an object category in an image) is the poor man’s first step towards automatic image understanding. Object detection (i.e. localizing the object in the image) and semantic image segmentation (i.e. delineating the boundaries of an object) are progressively more detailed and arguably more useful image understanding tasks. Recently, the development of large-scale datasets such as ImageNet [5] has enabled a resurgence of interest in image classification [8, 12–15, 18] especially in the context of learning representations [2] via deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) [6,7,10]. At ILSVRC 2012, Krizhevsky et al. [10] presented a convolutional neural network (CNN) that significantly outperformed other entries in the image classification task, which was later vindicated by repeat performance at ILSVRC 2013. These improvements in image classification have been shown to generalize well and even help more detailed vision tasks. Donahue [6] showed that intermediate responses of these CNNs can be used as features that generalize well to classification tasks on other datasets. Girshick et al. [7] showed that classification CNNs can also be adapted to perform state-of-art object detection. In this work, we study how improvements in image classification can benefit semantic segmentation. Specifically, we study a “propose and re-rank” framework that has gained popularity in the semantic segmentation literature, and has been shown to achieve state-of-theart results on the PASCAL segmentation challenge [3, 17]. Fig. 1 shows an illustration. Diverse multiple proposals of either regions or entire segmentation maps are produced and then re-ranked so that better proposals score higher. The proposals are not perfect and this results in propagation of errors along the pipeline. The benefit of this approach however is that the re-ranking problem is simple – it involves choosing 1 from just M proposals. It is thus amenable to global optimization. It allows for incorporation of arbitrary features and high-order interactions. One can thus conveniently “plug-and-play” image classification as a “submodule” in the re-ranking step for semantic segmentation. Image classifier Classification PASCAL mean AP(%) accuracy(%) Random 7.41 44.81 Gist + linear SVM 26.83 43.89 SUN [16] kernels + SVM 60.60 44.90 DeCAF7 [6] + linear SVM + dropout 74.52 45.61 DeCAF7 + RBF SVM 76.85 46.93 Ground truth 100.00 53.22 Table 1. Image classification performance versus semantic segmentation performance when re-ranking with the corresponding image classification feature alone on PASCAL VOC12 val.
Hierarchical Indexing Structure for Efficient Similarity Search in Video Retrieval

With the rapid increase in both centralized video archives and distributed WWW video resources, content-based video retrieval is gaining its importance. To support such applications efficiently, content-based video indexing must be addressed. Typically, each video is represented by a sequence of frames. Due to the high dimensionality of frame representation and the large number of frames, video indexing introduces an additional degree of complexity. In this paper, we address the problem of content-based video indexing and propose an efficient solution, called the ordered VA-file (OVA-file) based on the VA-file. OVA-file is a hierarchical structure and has two novel features: 1) partitioning the whole file into slices such that only a small number of slices are accessed and checked during k nearest neighbor (kNN) search and 2) efficient handling of insertions of new vectors into the OVA-file, such that the average distance between the new vectors and those approximations near that position is minimized. To facilitate a search, we present an efficient approximate kNN algorithm named ordered VA-LOW (OVA-LOW) based on the proposed OVA-file. OVA-LOW first chooses possible OVA-slices by ranking the distances between their corresponding centers and the query vector, and then visits all approximations in the selected OVA-slices to work out approximate kNN. The number of possible OVA-slices is controlled by a user-defined parameter delta. By adjusting delta, OVA-LOW provides a trade-off between the query cost and the result quality. Query by video clip consisting of multiple frames is also discussed. Extensive experimental studies using real video data sets were conducted and the results showed that our methods can yield a significant speed-up over an existing VA-file-based method and (distance with high query result quality. Furthermore, by incorporating temporal correlation of video content, our methods achieved much more efficient performance
Multi-log2N networks and their applications in high-speed electronic and photonic switching systems

A class of switching networks is proposed to remove the time and space bottlenecks of conventional RAM-controlled switching architectures. The advantages of these networks, such as tolerance of faults O(log/sub 2/N) stages between each inlet-outlet pair, self-routing capability, easy path hunt, and easy fault diagnosis, and their implementation are discussed. Graph theory is used to construct strictly nonblocking or rearrangeable nonblocking networks that are based on the new architecture. >
Water in the envelopes and disks around young high-mass stars

Single-dish spectra and interferometric maps of (sub-)millimeter lines of H 18 2 O and HDO are used to study the chemistry of water in eight regions of high-mass star formation. The spectra indicate HDO excitation temperatures of ∼110 K and column densities in an 11 beam of ∼2 x 10 14 cm -2 for HDO and ∼2 x 10 17 cm -2 for H 2 O, with the N(HDO)/N(H 2 O) ratio increasing with decreasing temperature. Simultaneous observations of CH 3 OH and SO 2 indicate that 20-50% of the single-dish line flux arises in the molecular outflows of these objects. The outflow contribution to the H 18 2 O and HDO emission is estimated to be 10-20%. Radiative transfer models indicate that the water abundance is low (∼10 -6 ) outside a critical radius corresponding to a temperature in the protostellar envelope of 100 K, and jumps to H 2 O/H 2 ∼ 10 -4 inside this radius. This value corresponds to the observed abundance of solid water and together with the derived HDO/H 2 O abundance ratios of ∼10 -3 suggests that the origin of the observed water is evaporation of grain mantles. This idea is confirmed in the case of AFGL 2591 by interferometer observations of the HDO 1 10 -1 11 , H 18 2 O 3 13 -2 20 and SO 2 12 0,12 -1 1,11 lines, which reveal compact (O ∼ 800 AU) emission with a systematic velocity gradient. This size is similar to that of the 1.3 mm continuum towards AFGL 2591, from which we estimate a mass of 0.8 M ○. , or ∼5% of the mass of the central star. We speculate that we may be observing a circumstellar disk in an almost face-on orientation.
Exact Identi cation of Read-once Formulas Using Fixed Points ofAmpli cation

In this paper we describe a new technique for exactly identifying certain classes of read-once Boolean formulas. The method is based on sampling the input-output behavior of the target formula on a probability distribution that is determined by the xed point of the formula's ampli cation function (de ned as the probability that a 1 is output by the formula when each input bit is 1 independently with probability p). By performing various statistical tests on easily sampled variants of the xedpoint distribution, we are able to e ciently infer all structural information about any logarithmic-depth formula (with high probability). We apply our results to prove the existence of short universal identi cation sequences for large classes of formulas. We also describe extensions of our algorithms to handle high rates of noise, and to learn formulas of unbounded depth in Valiant's model with respect to speci c distributions. Most of this research was carried out while all three authors were at MIT Laboratory for Computer Science with support provided by ARO Grant DAAL03-86-K-0171, DARPA Contract N00014-89-J-1988, NSF Grant CCR-88914428, and a grant from the Siemens Corporation. R. Schapire received additional support from AFOSR Grant 89-0506 while at Harvard University. S. Goldman is currently supported in part by a G.E. Foundation Junior Faculty Grant and NSF Grant CCR-9110108.
1H‐[13C] NMR spectroscopy of the rat brain during infusion of [2‐13C] acetate at 14.1 T

Full signal intensity 1H‐[13C] NMR spectroscopy, combining a preceding 13C‐editing block based on an inversion BISEP (B1‐insensitive spectral editing pulse) with a spin‐echo coherence–based localization, was developed and implemented at 14.1 T. 13C editing of the proposed scheme was achieved by turning on and off the 13C adiabatic full passage in the 13C‐editing block to prepare inverted and noninverted 13C‐coupled 1H coherences along the longitudinal axis prior to localization. The novel 1H‐[13C] NMR approach was applied in vivo under infusion of the glia‐specific substrate [2‐13C] acetate. Besides a ∼50% improvement in sensitivity, spectral dispersion was enhanced at 14.1 T, especially for J‐coupled metabolites such as glutamate and glutamine. A more distinct spectral structure at 1.9–2.2 ppm(parts per million) was observed, e.g., glutamate C3 showed a doublet pattern in both simulated 1H spectrum and in vivo 13C‐edited 1H NMR spectra. Besides 13C time courses of glutamate C4 and glutamine C4, the time courses of glutamate C3 and glutamine C3 obtained by 1H‐[13C] NMR spectroscopy were reported for the first time. Such capability should greatly improve the ability to study neuron‐glial metabolism using 1H‐observed 13C‐edited NMR spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
When identities collide: masculinity, disability and race

This study is part of a larger project that examined the impact of violently acquired spinal cord injuries (VASCI) on identity among racial and ethnic minority men living in a major American metropolis. Like other individuals who sustain a disabling injury, individuals with a VASCI often struggle with the consequences of the injury vis‐à‐vis redefining their identities and their role in society. For the men in this study the negative association between disability and dependency affected the integration of the injury into their sense of self. The injury and resulting disability violated social understandings of what it means to be a man in their environments. The men noted the injury’s impact on their sense of safety, sexual encounters, body image and choice of intimate partners. Their social context shaped what it meant to be a man, played a role in their injuries and increased the challenges inherent in a life‐changing event.
Three‐dimensional culture of mouse bone marrow cells on stroma formed within a porous scaffold: influence of scaffold shape and cryopreservation of the stromal layer on expansion of haematopoietic progenitor cells

This study's primary goal was to develop an effective ex vivo expansion method for haematopoietic cells. 3D culture of mouse bone marrow cells was performed in porous scaffolds using a sheet or cube shape. Bone marrow cells were cultured on bone marrow‐derived stromal layers formed within the scaffolds and the effect of scaffold shape on the expansion of haematopoietic cells was examined. In some experiments, stromal layers within cubic scaffolds were frozen and then used to culture bone marrow cells after thawing. Results show that after comparison, total cell density and expansion of haematopoietic cells were greater in cultures using the cubic scaffold, suggesting that it was superior to the sheet‐like scaffold for expanding haematopoietic cells. When cryopreserved stroma was used, it effectively supported the expansion of haematopoietic cells, and a greater expansion of haematopoietic cells [(erythroid and haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs)] was achieved than in cultures with stromal cells that had not been cryopreserved. Expansion of cells using cryopreserved stroma had several other advantages such as a shorter culture period than the conventional method, a stable supply of stromal cells, and ease of handling and scaling up. As a result, this is an attractive method for ex vivo expansion of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and HPCs for clinical use. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EDITORIAL. Putting Hands Around the Flame: reclaiming the radical tradition in state education

is a collective refusal to accept contemporary educational presumptions as they exist in England in 2005. It takes comfort from John Berger’s re-assurance that ‘in this resistance is hope. A hope that we are desperately trying to recognise’ (Berger, 2002, p. 214) and takes seriously his suggestions that ‘the act of resistance means not only refusing to accept the absurdity of the world picture offered us, but denouncing it’ (ibid, p. 214). Contributors to this Special Double Issue do, indeed, denounce the absurdities, injustices and daily inhumanity of much that makes up the explicit norms and, more importantly, the underlying assumptions of contemporary state schooling in England. Both their denunciation and their advocacy connect to a further motif of Berger’s fine collection of essays, namely the importance of continuities. His remarks on the claustrophobia of contemporary culture which open this Editorial come from that part of his stirring ‘Against the Great Defeat of the World’ in which he reflects on the work of Hieronymus Bosch. Our capacity to interrogate the present with any degree of wisdom or any likelihood of creating a more fulfilling future rests significantly on our knowledge and
Treatment of pulmonary fibrosis with siRNA against a collagen-specific chaperone HSP47 in vitamin A-coupled liposomes

ABSTRACT Background: Pulmonary fibrosis is a life-threatening pathological state of progressive interstitial lung diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Myofibroblasts are known to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of a small interfering RNA (siRNA) on a collagen-specific chaperone heat shock protein 47 (HSP47). The siRNA was preferentially delivered to myofibroblasts in a bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis rat model using siRNA against HSP47, encapsulated in a vitamin A-coupled liposome (VA-lip-siRNA HSP47). Methods and Results: Male Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with an intratracheal injection of BLM or phosphate buffered saline followed by an intravenous injection of VA-lip-siRNA HSP47 three times per week under preventive administration schedules from day 1 to day 21 and therapeutic administration schedules from day 15 to day 35. The expression of HSP47 after the treatment was assessed by immunoblotting. The specific delivery of VA-lip-siRNA HSP47 conjugated with 6′-carboxyfluoresce into myofibroblasts was examined by immunofluorescence staining. The effect of VA-lip-siRNA HSP47 on fibrosis was analyzed by morphological and biochemical methods. Preferential delivery of VA-lip-siRNA HSP47 to myofibroblasts in fibrotic areas in BLM-treated rats was verified by immunofluorescence staining. Treatment of VA-lip-siRNA HSP47 clearly suppressed HSP47 expression and induced apoptosis of myofibroblasts in the lung of BLM-treated rats. Hydroxyproline levels and inflammatory cytokines in the lungs, and the number of inflammatory cells in the bronchial alveolar lavage of BLM-treated rats were significantly suppressed by the treatment. Morphological assessment showed that VA-lip-siRNA HSP47 also significantly improved the morphological pulmonary fibrosis of BLM-treated rats in both preventive and therapeutic schedules. Conclusions: These results suggest that VA-lip-siRNA HSP47 improves pulmonary fibrosis in not only preventive, but also therapeutic schedules, and thus, this drug delivery system should provide a novel therapy for refractory pulmonary fibrosis.