Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors that Influence Physicians' Recommendation of Hospice Care

Abstract Palliative care and an array of attending services for terminally ill patients are available through over 2,465 hospices in the United States today. Although the actual number of terminally ill patients receiving hospice care has increased over the past decade, there is a growing concern of underutilization. Research has reported that despite meeting eligibility requirements only twenty-five percent of terminally ill patients have been served by hospice. Further, with a median stay of thirty days, the patients as well as their attending families may not be able to receive the full benefits of hospice care. In an effort to address these issues of underutilization, this exploratory study examines the relationship between physicians' referral behaviors and their awareness and perceived importance of selected hospice services, and agreement with hospice philosophy. Physician demographics and practice characteristics that are related to referral patterns are also identified.
Peer Review History Title (provisional) a Comparison of Individual versus Community Influences on Youth Smoking Behaviors: a Cross-sectional Observational Study Authors

BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (see an example) and are provided with free text boxes to elaborate on their assessment. These free text comments are reproduced below. Some articles will have been accepted based in part or entirely on reviews undertaken for other BMJ Group journals. These will be reproduced where possible. 2003) who found that a higher levels of exposure to tobacco retailers who sell to youth (measured by illegal retail tobacco sales to minors) was associated with smoking initiation. • At the end of the manuscript the authors mention that future studies should consider the role of density and proximity to tobacco outlets around schools. McCarthy (Am J Public Health 2009) looked at this aspect (adjusting for individual factors) and found a relationship between access to tobacco products in the proximity of the school and experimental smoking. GENERAL COMMENTS The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of community risk factors on adolescent smoking and to compare the added value to the effects of individual risk factors. The most important community factors were related to access to tobacco outlets: tobacco outlet density and tobacco outlet proximity. In conclusion the authors state that individual risk factors have a more important effect than these community factors. The most important factors for having tried smoking were sensation seeking and having friends smoking. Although it seems to be an interesting finding, the theoretical framework and the discussion of the results could be worked out more thoroughly. I have several additions: • The authors state that this study is the first to jointly examine individual risk factors with community-level factors: Pokorny and colleagues, however, looked at the combination of both groups of factors in an earlier study (Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 2003) • Even if the reported individual factors are important predictors of smoking behavior, the selection of included individual factors seems somewhat erratic and need some structuring.
The Crystal Structure of the Novel Calcium-binding Protein AtCBL2 from Arabidopsis thaliana*

Arabidopsis thaliana calcineurin B-like protein (AtCBL2) is a member of a recently identified family of calcineurin B-like calcium-binding proteins in A. thaliana. The crystal structure of AtCBL2 has been determined at 2.1 Å resolution. The protein forms a compact α-helical structure with two pairs of EF-hand motifs. The structure is similar in overall folding topology to the structures of calcineurin B and neuronal calcium sensor 1, but differs significantly in local conformation. The two calcium ions are coordinated in the first and fourth EF-hand motifs, whereas the second and third EF-hand motifs are maintained in the open form by internal hydrogen bonding without coordination of calcium ions. Both a possible site and a possible mechanism for the target binding to AtCBL2 are discussed based on the three-dimensional structure.
RHABDOMYOSARCOMA OF THE ORBIT IN BROTHERS.

The most common malignant tumor of the orbit in childhood is now believed to be the rhabdomyosarcoma, a rapidly growing neoplasm composed of partially differentiated striated muscle cells. 1-3 The growth arises from primitive tissue rather than from adult muscle and may originate within the orbit as well as in other sites throughout the body. The remarkable simultaneous appearance of this malignancy in the orbits of two brothers has prompted this report. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbit was recently reviewed by Porterfield and Zimmerman, who collected 55 cases 3 ; other smaller series exist, such as those by Calhoun and Reese, 4 Horn and Enterline, 5 Blaxter and Smith, 6 Frayer and Enterline, 2 and others. No complete review is attempted here. The average age of onset is seven to eight years, and the tumor occurs more frequently in boys than in girls. The lesion is unilateral and usually begins in the
Constrained Monotone Function Maximization and the Supermodular Degree

The problem of maximizing a constrained monotone set function has many practical applications and generalizes many combinatorial problems. Unfortunately, it is generally not possible to maximize a monotone set function up to an acceptable approximation ratio, even subject to simple constraints. One highly studied approach to cope with this hardness is to restrict the set function. An outstanding disadvantage of imposing such a restriction on the set function is that no result is implied for set functions deviating from the restriction, even slightly. A more flexible approach, studied by Feige and Izsak, is to design an approximation algorithm whose approximation ratio depends on the complexity of the instance, as measured by some complexity measure. Specifically, they introduced a complexity measure called supermodular degree, measuring deviation from submodularity, and designed an algorithm for the welfare maximization problem with an approximation ratio that depends on this measure. In this work, we give the first (to the best of our knowledge) algorithm for maximizing an arbitrary monotone set function, subject to a k-extendible system. This class of constraints captures, for example, the intersection of k-matroids (note that a single matroid constraint is sufficient to capture the welfare maximization problem). Our approximation ratio deteriorates gracefully with the complexity of the set function and k. Our work can be seen as generalizing both the classic result of Fisher, Nemhauser and Wolsey, for maximizing a submodular set function subject to a k-extendible system, and the result of Feige and Izsak for the welfare maximization problem. Moreover, when our algorithm is applied to each one of these simpler cases, it obtains the same approximation ratio as of the respective original work.
Building an Annotated Japanese-Chinese Parallel Corpus – A Part of NICT Multilingual Corpora

We are constricting a Japanese-Chinese parallel corpus, which is a part of the NICT Multilingual Corpora. The corpus is general domain, of large scale of about 40,000 sentence pairs, long sentences, annotated with detailed information and high quality. To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first annotated Japanese-Chinese parallel corpus in the world. We created the corpus by selecting Japanese sentences from Mainichi Newspaper and then manually translating them into Chinese. We then annotated the corpus with morphological and syntactic structures and alignments at word and phrase levels. This paper describes the specification in human translation and detailed information annotation, and the tools we developed in the project. The experience we obtained and points we paid special attentions are also introduced for share with other researches in corpora construction.
Design and control of a bidirectional wireless charging system using GaN devices

Most of the existing wireless power transfer system works in unidirectional with one-direction control signals. This paper presents a bidirectional wireless charging system with duplex communication method, which is not only able to achieve the two-way wireless power transmission, but also transfer control signals bi-directionally. The power circuit operation mode is actively controlled by using the wireless transceiver module which can duplex communication to deliver measured signals remotely. The operational principle is analytically studied in details and is verified by simulation. Finally, a prototype of the bidirectional charging system using GaN devices has been successfully designed and tested. In addition, the measured feedback signals are effectively transmitted to validate the control algorithm.
MITIE: Simultaneous RNA-Seq-based transcript identification and quantification in multiple samples

Motivation: High-throughput sequencing of mRNA (RNA-Seq) has led to tremendous improvements in the detection of expressed genes and reconstruction of RNA transcripts. However, the extensive dynamic range of gene expression, technical limitations and biases, as well as the observed complexity of the transcriptional landscape, pose profound computational challenges for transcriptome reconstruction. Results: We present the novel framework MITIE (Mixed Integer Transcript IdEntification) for simultaneous transcript reconstruction and quantification. We define a likelihood function based on the negative binomial distribution, use a regularization approach to select a few transcripts collectively explaining the observed read data and show how to find the optimal solution using Mixed Integer Programming. MITIE can (i) take advantage of known transcripts, (ii) reconstruct and quantify transcripts simultaneously in multiple samples, and (iii) resolve the location of multi-mapping reads. It is designed for genome- and assembly-based transcriptome reconstruction. We present an extensive study based on realistic simulated RNA-Seq data. When compared with state-of-the-art approaches, MITIE proves to be significantly more sensitive and overall more accurate. Moreover, MITIE yields substantial performance gains when used with multiple samples. We applied our system to 38 Drosophila melanogaster modENCODE RNA-Seq libraries and estimated the sensitivity of reconstructing omitted transcript annotations and the specificity with respect to annotated transcripts. Our results corroborate that a well-motivated objective paired with appropriate optimization techniques lead to significant improvements over the state-of-the-art in transcriptome reconstruction. Availability: MITIE is implemented in C++ and is available from http://bioweb.me/mitie under the GPL license. Contact: Jonas_Behr@web.de and raetsch@cbio.mskcc. org Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Numerical Solutions of Fractional Differential Equations

Fractional analysis has almost the same history as classical calculus. Fractional analysis did not attract enough attention for a long time. However, in recent decades, fractional analysis and fractional differential equations become very popular because of its powerful applications. A large number of new differential models that involve fractional calculus are developed. For most fractional differential equations we can not provide methods to compute the exact solutions analytically. Therefore it is necessary to revert to numerical methods. The structure of this thesis is arranged in the following way. We begin by recalling some classical facts from calculus. Partically, we recall definition and some properties of gamma, beta and Mittag-Leffler function. Then, in Chapter 3, we introduce the fundamental concepts and definitions of fractional calculus. This includes, in particular, some basic results concerning Riemann–Liouville differentiation and integration, and basic properties of Caputo derivative. In Chapter 4 we discuss fractional variant of the classical second-order Adams–Bashforth–Moulton method. It has been introduced by K. Diethelm, A.D. Freed, and discussed in book by K. Diethelm.
Limiting the Diffusion of Information by a Selective PageRank-Preserving Approach

The problem of limiting the diffusion of information in social networks has received substantial attention. To deal with the problem, existing works aim to prevent the diffusion of information to as many nodes as possible, by deleting a given number of edges. Thus, they assume that the diffusing information can affect all nodes and that the deletion of each edge has the same impact on the information propagation properties of the graph. In this work, we propose an approach which lifts these limiting assumptions. Our approach allows specifying the nodes to which information diffusion should be prevented and their maximum allowable activation probability, and it performs edge deletion while avoiding drastic changes to the ability of the network to propagate information. To realize our approach, we propose a measure that captures changes, caused by deletion, to the PageRank distribution of the graph. Based on the measure, we define the problem of finding an edge subset to delete as an optimization problem. We show that the problem can be modeled as a Submodular Set Cover (SSC) problem and design an approximation algorithm, based on the well-known approximation algorithm for SSC. In addition, we develop an iterative heuristic that has similar effectiveness but is significantly more efficient than our algorithm. Experiments on real and synthetic data show the effectiveness and efficiency of our methods.
Comparing time-frequency representations for directional derivative features

We compare the performance of Directional Derivatives features for automatic speech recognition when extracted from different time-frequency representations. Specifically, we use the short-time Fourier transform, Mel-frequency, and Gammatone spectrograms as a base from which we extract spectrotemporal modulations. We then assess the noise robustness of each representation with varied number of frequency bins and dynamic range compression schemes for both word and phone recognition. We find that the choice of dynamic range compression approach has the most significant impact on recognition performance. Whereas, the performance differences between perceptually motivated filter-banks are minimal in the proposed framework. Furthermore, this work presents significant gains in speech recognition accuracy for low SNRs over MFCCs, GFCCs, and Directional Derivatives extracted from the log-Mel spectrogram.
Automated validation of software models

The paper describes the application of an automated verification tool to a software model developed at Ford Motor Company. Ford already has in place an advanced model-based software development framework that employs the Matlab(R), Simulink(R), and Stateflow(R) modeling tools. During this project, we applied the invariant checker Salsa to a Simulink(R)/Stateflow(R) model of automotive software to check for nondeterminism, missing cases, dead code, and redundant code. During the analysis, a number of anomalies were detected that had not been found during manual review. We argue that the detection and correction of these problems demonstrates a cost-effective application of formal verification that elevates our level of confidence in the model.
Integration of Hi-C and ChIP-seq data reveals distinct types of chromatin linkages

We have analyzed publicly available K562 Hi-C data, which enable genome-wide unbiased capturing of chromatin interactions, using a Mixture Poisson Regression Model and a power-law decay background to define a highly specific set of interacting genomic regions. We integrated multiple ENCODE Consortium resources with the Hi-C data, using DNase-seq data and ChIP-seq data for 45 transcription factors and 9 histone modifications. We classified 12 different sets (clusters) of interacting loci that can be distinguished by their chromatin modifications and which can be categorized into two types of chromatin linkages. The different clusters of loci display very different relationships with transcription factor-binding sites. As expected, many of the transcription factors show binding patterns specific to clusters composed of interacting loci that encompass promoters or enhancers. However, cluster 9, which is distinguished by marks of open chromatin but not by active enhancer or promoter marks, was not bound by most transcription factors but was highly enriched for three transcription factors (GATA1, GATA2 and c-Jun) and three chromatin modifiers (BRG1, INI1 and SIRT6). To investigate the impact of chromatin organization on gene regulation, we performed ribonucleicacid-seq analyses before and after knockdown of GATA1 or GATA2. We found that knockdown of the GATA factors not only alters the expression of genes having a nearby bound GATA but also affects expression of genes in interacting loci. Our work, in combination with previous studies linking regulation by GATA factors with c-Jun and BRG1, provides genome-wide evidence that Hi-C data identify sets of biologically relevant interacting loci.
Recession coverage using coronally advanced flap with Pericardium® membrane (collagen Type I) - A case report

Apical migration of the marginal gingiva beyond the cementoenamel junction causing exposure of the root surface is called gingival recession� This mucogingival deformity presents a significant esthetic problem. As sequelae, it could lead to pain due to the dentinal exposure or caries of the root� Several approaches and techniques have been advocated for root coverage with predictable success� Here, we present a case report, in which root coverage has been successfully achieved in gingival recession of Class I Miller’s by coronally advanced flap with Pericardium® membrane�
Consuming Geographies: We Are Where We Eat

In explaining why, until very recently, food and eating have received less analytical attention from sociologists than from scholars in neighboring disciplines, Alan Beardsworth and Teresa Keil suggest that, paradoxically, one reason may be that the very centrality of eating to human life has made it relatively invisible to the principal analysts of society. Whether or not this is so, Sociology on the Menu has been designed to make visible the complex of activities and relationships surrounding the human food system, from production to consumption, as well as to highlight the contributions made by sociologists to our understanding of its social and cultural dimensions. This is not a modest pair of objectives but objectives that are mostly attained by a book that manages to sustain a certain anaytical density while successfully avoiding the arid, encyclopedic quality of most textbook introductions. Organized into four parts, the book consists of 11 chapters that break down fairly evenly between those areas that would be obligatory in any attempt to reasonably cover such a field (i.e., “The Origins of Human Subsistence,” “The Making of the Modern Food System,” “Eating Out,” and “Changing Conceptions of Diet and Health”) and those areas that seem to have been animated by the particular intellectual and political commitments of the authors (a strong emphasis on gender inequality throughout, and specific chapters on “Food Risks, Anxieties and Scares,” “Dieting, Fat and Body Image,” and “The Vegetarian Option”). Each chapter includes some critical recapitulation of the recent sociological research related to the specific topic, and data from the United Kingdom tends to predominate (while this very well may be the result of more and better research on the relationship between food and society in the United Kingdom, it may also have something to do with the nationality and institutional location of the authors). A chapter devoted to the principal theoretical perspectives offers a useful review and assessment of the contributions made not only by the most well-known theorists (such as Lévi-Strauss, Mary Douglas, Jack Goody, and Norbert Elias) but also by those like Stephen Mennell and Claude Fischler, who may be less widely known outside the field of food and foodways but whose work has been very important in helping us to understand it. Although the authors assert “change and ambivalence” as the thematic thread linking all of the chapters, this does not really contribute very
Virtual gestures : Analyzing social presence effects of computer-mediated and computer-generated nonverbal behaviour

The paper presents recent technologies and basic research paradigms for the investigation of social presence effects of nonverbal behaviour in humancomputer-interaction (HCI) and computer-mediated-communication. (CMC). An experimental platform for the coding, editing and experimental computeranimation of human movement behaviour is introduced, which can serve for the experimental variation and offline rendering of nonverbal interactions sequences in fundamental research as well a for the real-time transmission and 3D-animation of nonverbal behaviour in CMC. From both research areas information can be gathered on the implicit grammar and semantics of nonverbal behaviour in human interactions. This basic knowledge is used to implement and evaluate nonverbal encoding and decoding abilities and dialog management systems in so called anthropomorphic interface agents, which can be a first step towards the development of a kind of Artificial Social Intelligence (ASI).
Can the Error Detection Mechanism Benefit from Training the Working Memory? A Comparison between Dyslexics and Controls — An ERP Study

Background Based on the relationship between working memory and error detection, we investigated the capacity of adult dyslexic readers' working memory to change as a result of training, and the impact of training on the error detection mechanism. Methodology 27 dyslexics and 34 controls, all university students, participated in the study. ERP methodology and behavioral measures were employed prior to, immediately after, and 6 months after training. The CogniFit Personal Coach Program, which consists of 24 sessions of direct training of working memory skills, was used. Findings Both groups of readers gained from the training program but the dyslexic readers gained significantly more. In the dyslexic group, digit span increased from 9.84±3.15 to 10.79±3.03. Working memory training significantly increased the number of words per minute read correctly by 14.73%. Adult brain activity changed as a result of training, evidenced by an increase in both working memory capacity and the amplitude of the Error-related Negativity (ERN) component (24.71%). When ERN amplitudes increased, the percentage of errors on the Sternberg tests decreased. Conclusions We suggest that by expanding the working memory capacity, larger units of information are retained in the system, enabling more effective error detection. The crucial functioning of the central-executive as a sub-component of the working memory is also discussed.