Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Schedule estimation and uncertainty surrounding the cone of uncertainty

Software development project schedule estimation has long been a difficult problem. The Standish CHAOS Report indicates that only 20 percent of projects finish on time relative to their original plan. Conventional wisdom proposes that estimation gets better as a project progresses. This concept is sometimes called the cone of uncertainty, a term popularized by Steve McConnell (1996). The idea that uncertainty decreases significantly as one obtains new knowledge seems intuitive. Metrics collected from Landmark's projects show that the estimation accuracy of project duration followed a lognormal distribution, and the uncertainty range was nearly identical throughout the project, in conflict with popular interpretation of the "cone of uncertainty"
QSulf1 remodels the 6-O sulfation states of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans to promote Wnt signaling

The 6-O sulfation states of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are dynamically regulated to control the growth and specification of embryonic progenitor lineages. However, mechanisms for regulation of HSPG sulfation have been unknown. Here, we report on the biochemical and Wnt signaling activities of QSulf1, a novel cell surface sulfatase. Biochemical studies establish that QSulf1 is a heparan sulfate (HS) 6-O endosulfatase with preference, in particular, toward trisulfated IdoA2S-GlcNS6S disaccharide units within HS chains. In cells, QSulf1 can function cell autonomously to remodel the sulfation of cell surface HS and promote Wnt signaling when localized either on the cell surface or in the Golgi apparatus. QSulf1 6-O desulfation reduces XWnt binding to heparin and HS chains of Glypican1, whereas heparin binds with high affinity to XWnt8 and inhibits Wnt signaling. CHO cells mutant for HS biosynthesis are defective in Wnt-dependent Frizzled receptor activation, establishing that HS is required for Frizzled receptor function. Together, these findings suggest a two-state “catch or present” model for QSulf1 regulation of Wnt signaling in which QSulf1 removes 6-O sulfates from HS chains to promote the formation of low affinity HS–Wnt complexes that can functionally interact with Frizzled receptors to initiate Wnt signal transduction.
DNA Methylation Is the Primary Silencing Mechanism for a Set of Germ Line- and Tumor-Specific Genes with a CpG-Rich Promoter

ABSTRACT A subset of male germ line-specific genes, theMAGE-type genes, are activated in many human tumors, where they produce tumor-specific antigens recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes. Previous studies on gene MAGE-A1 indicated that transcription factors regulating its expression are present in all tumor cell lines whether or not they express the gene. The analysis of two CpG sites located in the promoter showed a strong correlation between expression and demethylation. It was also shown thatMAGE-A1 transcription was induced in cell cultures treated with demethylating agent 5′-aza-2′-deoxycytidine. We have now analyzed all of the CpG sites within the 5′ region of MAGE-A1 and show that for all of them, demethylation correlates with the transcription of the gene. We also show that the induction ofMAGE-A1 with 5′-aza-2′-deoxycytidine is stable and that in all the cell clones it correlates with demethylation, indicating that demethylation is necessary and sufficient to produce expression. Conversely, transfection experiments with in vitro-methylatedMAGE-A1 sequences indicated that heavy methylation suffices to stably repress the gene in cells containing the transcription factors required for expression. Most MAGE-type genes were found to have promoters with a high CpG content. Remarkably, although CpG-rich promoters are classically unmethylated in all normal tissues, those of MAGE-A1 and LAGE-1 were highly methylated in somatic tissues. In contrast, they were largely unmethylated in male germ cells. We conclude that MAGE-type genes belong to a unique subset of germ line-specific genes that use DNA methylation as a primary silencing mechanism.
Perspectives on the learning journeys of students in English higher education

This thesis explores students’ experiences in higher education in England in the early 21st century. It uses a longitudinal perspective, drawing upon data from semi structured interviews with undergraduates as they progressed from transition to graduation. The thesis argues that students enrol at university with learner identities shaped by different educational and social backgrounds. Once at university, students move through a process of acclimatisation during which they build upon particular capacities that enable them to succeed in higher education. These capacities help students to build robust undergraduate identities which allow them to exercise agency in their learning. However, as they do so, they carry with them varying degrees of risk and have to negotiate the disjuncture between expectation and reality in their undergraduate experiences. An understanding of the impact of risk and disjuncture has important implications in the rapidly changing world of higher education and these, alongside concepts of field, habitus, capital, and academic and social integration, help to explain undergraduate experiences in the rapidly changing political economy of higher education. Focusing on the particulars of individual experiences highlighted the significant investments individuals make in their studies and for whom the world of higher education can be an uncomfortable place.
Accessing a Network using a Secure Android Application

------------------------------------------------------------------- ABSTRACT -------------------------------------------------------------- Security plays a vital role in today’s mobile world. There are security issues like sniffing of data while accessing information through open channel. Proper security measures can help to deal with the common security threats faced by mobile phone users such as data protection, privacy, application and personal information security. Cryptographic techniques play an important role in protecting communication links and data, since access to data can be limited to those who hold the proper key. This paper discusses a method to securely access information in a network by an android mobile application using AES cryptographic technique. The paper describes a new key sharing algorithm, based on the symmetric key management, for faster and efficient encryption of data that is suitable for use in a mobile device.
Efficient Search for Web Browsing Recipes

Information search in the Web can become cumbersome if the desired information is scattered across multiple websites. For instance, even though there exist pages listing track chairs of the past ICWS conferences and web accessible bibliography databases, compiling the list of recent journal publications of the ICWS track chairs with the help of existing search engines is still a time consuming task. It is even harder to find information from the Deep Web as it requires user interactions that are hard to simulate by automatic crawlers. Semantic search based on structured data aims at efficiently answering information needs but relies on the cooperation of providers to be able to access their data. We aim at providing an alternative solution by introducing web browsing recipes that are goal-oriented end user browsing processes containing instructions for accessing, extracting, and merging (dynamic) information from various websites. Browsing recipes can be shared and reused to allow users to benefit from the browsing efforts of others. In order to achieve this goal, the development of efficient search techniques is the main prerequisite for effectively sharing and reusing recipes. In this paper we propose an efficient search technique for finding browsing recipes from large recipe repositories. Our search technique necessitates a structured query specifying the required information along with constraints on the structure of the browsing processes. We augment explicit state representation based model checking technique by indexing structures tailored to the requirements of information search based on the recipes. The performance evaluation of our approach reveals the impact of the indexing structures on the overall recipe search efficiency.
A neural network aided adaptive second-order Gaussian filter for tracking maneuvering targets

The adaptive capability of filters is known to be increased by incorporating a neural network into the filtering procedure. In this paper, an adaptive algorithm for tracking maneuvering targets based on neural networks is proposed. This algorithm is implemented with two filters based on the current statistical model and a multilayer feedforward neural network. The two filters track the same maneuvering target in parallel and the neural network automatically considers all the state information of the two filters and adaptively adjusts the process variance of one of them to achieve better performance in different target maneuver tracking. Simulations results show that the proposed adaptive algorithm tracks maneuvering targets very well with higher precision over a wide range of maneuvers
Oblique Decision Tree Learning Approaches - A Critical Review

Decision tree classification techniques are currently gaining increasing impact especially in the light of the ongoing growth of data mining services. A central challenge for the decision tree classification is the identification of split rule and correct attributes. In this context, the article aims at presenting the current state of research on different techniques for classification using oblique decision tree. A variation to the traditional approach is the called oblique decision tree or multivariate decision tree, which allows multivariate tests in its non-terminal nodes. Univariate trees can only perform axis-parallel splits, whereas Oblique decision trees can model the decision boundaries that are oblique to attribute axis. The majority of these decision tree induction algorithms performs a top-down growing tree strategy and relay on an impuritybased measure for splitting nodes criteria. In this context, the article aims at presenting the current state of research on different techniques for Oblique Decision Tree classification. For this, the paper analyzes various traditional Multivariate and Oblique Decision Tree algorithms CART, OC1 as well as standard SVM, GDT implementation. General Terms . Data mining ,algorithm for tree building.
Kernelized Fuzzy c-means Method in Fast Segmentation of Demyelination Plaques in Multiple Sclerosis

Fuzzy c-means method (FCM) is a popular tool for a fuzzy data processing. In the current study, a FCM-based method of fuzzy clustering in a kernel space has been implemented. First, a "kernel trick" is applied to the fuzzy c-means algorithm. Then, the new method is employed for a fast automated segmentation of demyelination plaques in multiple sclerosis (MS). The clusters in a Gaussian kernel space are analysed in the histogram context and used during the initial classification of the brain tissue. Received classification masks are then used to detect the region of interest, eliminate false positives and label MS lesions.
Proto‐oncogene TCL1: more than just a coactivator for Akt

Serine threonine kinase Akt, also called PKB (protein kinase B), plays a central role in regulating intracellular survival. Deregulation of this Akt signaling pathway underlies various human neoplastic diseases. Recently, the proto‐oncogene TCL1 (T cell leukemia 1), with a previously unknown physiological function, was shown to interact with the Akt pleckstrin homology domain, enhancing Akt kinase activity; hence, it functions as an Akt kinase coactivator. In contrast to pathological conditions in which the TCL1 gene is highly activated in various human neoplasmic diseases, the physiological expression of TCL1 is tightly limited to early developmental cells as well as various developmental stages of immune cells. The NBRE (nerve growth factor‐responsive element) of the proximal TCL1 promoter sequences can regulate the restricted physiological expression of TCL1 in a negative feedback mechanism. Further, based on the NMR structural studies of Akt‐TCL1 protein complexes, an inhibitory peptide, “Akt‐in,” consisting of the βA strand of TCL1, has been identified and has therapeutic potential. This review article summarizes and discusses recent advances in the understanding of TCL1‐Akt functional interaction in order to clarify the biological action of the proto‐oncogene TCL1 family and the development avenues for a suppressive drug specific for Akt, a core intracellular survival regulator. —Noguchi, M. , Ropars, V. , Roumestand, C. , Suizu, F. Proto‐oncogene TCL1: more than just a coactivator for Akt. FASEB J. 21, 2273–2284 (2007)
The Hypocretin Arousal Network

The hypocretins (also known as orexins) are selectively expressed in a subset of lateral hypothalamic neurons. Since the reports of their discovery in 1998, they have been intensely investigated in relation to their role in sleep/wake transitions, feeding, reward, drug abuse, and motivated behavior. This research has cemented their role as a subcortical relay optimized to tune arousal in response to various salient stimuli. This article reviews their discovery, physiological modulation, circuitry, and integrative functionality contributing to vigilance state transitions and stability. Specific emphasis is placed on humoral and neural inputs regulating hcrt neural function and new evidence for an autoimmune basis of the sleep disorder narcolepsy. Future directions for this field involve dissection of the heterogeneity of this neural population using single-cell transcriptomics, optogenetic, and chemogenetics, as well as monitoring population and single cell activity. Computational models of the hypocretin network, using the “flip-flop” or “integrator neuron” frameworks, provide a fundamental understanding of how this neural population influences brain-wide activity and behavior.
EFFICIENT CHANNEL UTILIZATION WITH BOUNDED DELAYS IN IEEE 802 . 11 E

This paper proposes an admission control (AdC) mechanism for regulating utilization and bounding delays in IEEE 802.11e. The admission control algorithm in this paper combines a joint measurement-theoretic approach to maintain utilization and mitigate excessive delays. Evaluation through discrete event simulation reveals that the proposed algorithm maintains channel utilization close to the theoretical maximum of 0.9 with bounded delays.
Performance analysis and testing of HBase based on its architecture

The development and wide application of the internet technology produces a large amount of data, in order to storage and manage these massive data, NoSQL database technology comes into beings and develops rapidly, many manufacturers have introduced many different NoSQL storage solutions. In this context, the paper carries out the work about the testing method of the performance of NoSQL database. Firstly, the paper analyses the new features of the NoSQL database systems. Then, the paper proposes a general testing model for performance testing of the complicated system, which means that the architecture and its business should be considered when the testing work is carried out. Lastly, apply the model to perform the HBase's performance testing in the architecture level, mainly including some elements of the performance, such as the column-oriented data model, the spilt mechanism of the data table, the factor of the data replication. As to the every performance element, design the corresponding testing scenario and execute the testing procedure.
Tokenization: Returning to a Long Solved Problem — A Survey, Contrastive Experiment, Recommendations, and Toolkit —

We examine some of the frequently disregarded subtleties of tokenization in Penn Treebank style, and present a new rule-based preprocessing toolkit that not only reproduces the Treebank tokenization with unmatched accuracy, but also maintains exact stand-off pointers to the original text and allows flexible configuration to diverse use cases (e.g. to genre-or domain-specific idiosyncrasies).
Integrated vision/inertial navigation system design using nonlinear filtering

Addresses the problem of navigation system design for autonomous aircraft landing. New nonlinear filter structures are introduced to estimate the position of an aircraft with respect to a possibly moving landing site, such as a naval vessel, based on measurements provided by airborne vision and inertial sensors. By exploring the geometry of the navigation problem, the navigation filter dynamics are cast in the framework of linear parametrically varying systems (LPVs). Using this set-up, filter performance and stability are studied in an H/sub /spl infin// setting by resorting to the theory of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The design of nonlinear, globally stable filters to meet adequate H/sub /spl infin// performance measures is thus converted into that of determining the feasibility of a related set of LMIs and finding a solution to them, if it exists. This is done by resorting to widely available numerical tools that borrow from convex optimization techniques. The paper develops the mathematical framework that is required for integrated vision/inertial navigation system design and details a design example for an air vehicle landing on an aircraft carrier.
Multiple Classifier Combination for Off-line Handwritten Devnagari Character Recognition

This work presents the application of weighted majority voting technique for combination of classification decision obtained from three Multi_Layer Perceptron(MLP) based classifiers for Recognition of Handwritten Devnagari characters using three different feature sets. The features used are intersection, shadow feature and chain code histogram features. Shadow features are computed globally for character image while intersection features and chain code histogram features are computed by dividing the character image into different segments. On experimentation with a dataset of 4900 samples the overall recognition rate observed is 92.16% as we considered top five choices results. This method is compared with other recent methods for Handwritten Devnagari Character Recognition and it has been observed that this approach has better success rate than other methods.
Use of NWP for Nowcasting Convective Precipitation: Recent Progress and Challenges

Traditionally, the nowcasting of precipitation was conducted to a large extent by means of extrapolation of observations, especially of radar ref lectivity. In recent years, the blending of traditional extrapolation-based techniques with high-resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) is gaining popularity in the nowcasting community. The increased need of NWP products in nowcasting applications poses great challenges to the NWP community because the nowcasting application of high-resolution NWP has higher requirements on the quality and content of the initial conditions compared to longer-range NWP. Considerable progress has been made in the use of NWP for nowcasting thanks to the increase in computational resources, advancement of high-resolution data assimilation techniques, and improvement of convective-permitting numerical modeling. This paper summarizes the recent progress and discusses some of the challenges for future advancement.
Long-Term Vibration Trend Prediction of Rotor System State Based on Support Vector Regression and Discrete Wavelet Decomposition

In this paper, an new method is proposed based on support vector regression (SVR) and discrete wavelet decomposition (DWD) for long-term rotor vibration trend forecasting. The feasibility of SVR in long-term vibration trend forecasting is also examined in this paper. And, the discrete wavelet decomposition is used to extract the trend components of vibration time series. Finally, the hybrid prediction model and algorithm of combining SVR and DWD is validated by a group of practical long-term vibration data measured from a flue gas turbine. The results show that the hybrid prediction model possesses more advantageous to forecast long-term state time series than directly using SVR model.
Cell Survival following DNA Damage-associated G 1 Checkpoint Does Not Decrease p 53 Loss of a Updated Version

Cell cycle checkpoints regulate progression through the cell cycle. In yeast, loss of the G2 checkpoint by mutation of the rad9 gene results in increased genetic instability as well as increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation. In contrast, comparing clonogenic survival of cells which are isogeneic except for p53 functional status, we find that loss of a GI check point in mammalian cells is not associated with increased sensitivity to the lethal effects of ionizing radiation or a topoisomerase I inhibitor, camptothecin. These results indicate that increased sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents is not necessarily a defining feature of a mammalian cell cycle checkpoint. Furthermore, in light of a recent link of p53 function to radiation-induced apoptosis in hematopoietic cells, these observations sug gest that p53-dependent apoptosis is a cell type-specific phenomenon and thus predict that the biological consequences of loss of p53 function will be cell type specific.
Research on online monitoring and diagnosis of bearing fault of wind turbine gearbox based on undecimated wavelet transformation

When gearbox operated abnormally, a frequency vibration energy of signal after undecimated wavelet transformation would have great changes, the online monitoring and diagnosis system of wind turbine gearbox was developed accordingly. Measured the vibration signal of bearing fault in the laboratory, The results showed that this proposed method can be more accurate display characteristics, which was conducive to diagnose bearing failure quickly and effectively.
Loss of Photoreceptors Results in Upregulation of Synaptic Proteins in Bipolar Cells and Amacrine Cells

Deafferentation is known to cause significant changes in the postsynaptic neurons in the central nervous system. Loss of photoreceptors, for instance, results in remarkable morphological and physiological changes in bipolar cells and horizontal cells. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which send visual information to the brain, are relatively preserved, but show aberrant firing patterns, including spontaneous bursts of spikes in the absence of photoreceptors. To understand how loss of photoreceptors affects the circuitry presynaptic to the ganglion cells, we measured specific synaptic proteins in two mouse models of retinal degeneration. We found that despite the nearly total loss of photoreceptors, the synaptophysin protein and mRNA levels in retina were largely unaltered. Interestingly, the levels of synaptophysin in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) were higher, implying that photoreceptor loss results in increased synaptophysin in bipolar and/or amacrine cells. The levels of SV2B, a synaptic protein expressed by photoreceptors and bipolar cells, were reduced in whole retina, but increased in the IPL of rd1 mouse. Similarly, the levels of syntaxin-I and synapsin-I, synaptic proteins expressed selectively by amacrine cells, were higher after loss of photoreceptors. The upregulation of syntaxin-I was evident as early as one day after the onset of photoreceptor loss, suggesting that it did not require any massive or structural remodeling, and therefore is possibly reversible. Together, these data show that loss of photoreceptors results in increased synaptic protein levels in bipolar and amacrine cells. Combined with previous reports of increased excitatory and inhibitory synaptic currents in RGCs, these results provide clues to understand the mechanism underlying the aberrant spiking in RGCs.