Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Henna for brides and gazelles : ritual, women's work, and tourism in Morocco

Henna, a semi-permanent vegetable dye, is used in many contexts in Morocco, as in other Muslim sociedes. The hadith document die use of henna to relieve arthritic pain, and as a dye used by men to color die hait and beard, and by women to stain their hands and feet. This association of henna with Islam gave die plant die stamp of religious ordiodoxy. However, die ritual use of henna, notably its use at marnage and burial, has much earlier foots, following a pattem of red ochre use in very early human society. Contemporary henna practices are strongly associated with ceremonies that mark calendrical and life cycle transitions. Applied to women preparing for marnage or childbirth, awaidng a male child’s circumcision, and re-entening die community after a spouse’s death, henna indicates (and conveys) die passage of individuals through dangerous states — a meaning diat bas been easily adapted to encompass die physical and social liminality that accompanies travel. In recent years, henna practices have been increasingly commodidzed, particularly widi die appearance of artisans who apply henna for domestic and international tounists in public markets. Conflicts between artisans and police, in particular, highlight bodi die socio-economic importance of dis work and die salience of manipulating tradition in gaining/retaining control of cash earned in this high profit sector. Employing a cultural biography approach, this study breaks widi impact otiented evaluations of tounism to examine how meaning is embedded in newly commoditized riwals through 1) a survey of henna practices dat identifies general characterisflcs as well as those specific to Muslim and Jewish Moroccan communities; 2) similanities and contrasts between contemporary local and tourist sector producers’ technical and social knowledge relating to henna application; and 3) die social context of production. Data vas drawn from participant observation among 15 local and 30 tourist sector henna artisans carried out over 1$ months of fleldwork in Morocco in 199$, and 2000-2001. Contemporary practices are contrasted widi descriptions drawn from the nineteenth and early twendedi cenmry edinographic records, with particular attention to French sources. [336 wonds]
Cognitive Control in Bilingual Children Disentangling the Effects of Second-Language Proficiency and Onset Age of Acquisition

Studies comparing the cognitive control of bilingual and monolingual speakers are inconclusive about the nature and underlying mechanisms of differences in language-related processing. In the present study, in order to disentangle the impact of second-language onset age of acquisition and bilingualism on cognitive control, we compared a group of bilingual Dutch/French children who had started acquisition of both languages at birth (simultaneous bilingual group) to a group of children who had started acquisition of their second language at the age of 3 years (early bilingual group). Both groups had equal proficiency in the two languages. All participants completed an extensive language test battery in Dutch and French and conducted a linguistic (verbal fluency) and a nonlinguistic cognitive control task (the color Simon task). We found higher global accuracy rates for the simultaneous bilingual group on the Simon task. Surprisingly, we did not find any differences in mean reaction time between the two bili.
Computational problems related to the design of normal form relational schemas

Problems related to functional dependencies and the algorithmic design of relational schemas are examined. Specifically, the following results are presented: (1) a tree model of derivations of functional dependencies from other functional dependencies; (2) a linear-time algorithm to test if a functional dependency is in the closure of a set of functional dependencies; (3) a quadratic-time implementation of Bernstein's third normal form schema synthesis algorithm. Furthermore, it is shown that most interesting algorithmic questions about Boyce-Codd normal form and keys are NP-complete and are therefore probably not amenable to fast algorithmic solutions.
‘WHEN ARE THE CHILDREN GOING TO LEAVE HOME!’: FAMILY CULTURE AND DELAYED TRANSITIONS IN SPAIN

ABSTRACT This paper distinguishes the characteristics of recent trends towards older ages of leaving home in Spain. Based on analysis of in-depth interviews with young people and parents from Bilbao in the Basque Country, I explore how familism and family solidarity play a key role in the current trend towards delayed family formation, focusing on the postponement of leaving home. This analysis illustrates the various leaving home strategies that young Basque people adopt, and how these are negotiated with parents and other family members. The analysis of the interview data also captures the ways in which young people negotiate with and recreate family culture, both while living in and leaving the parental home. The different strategies adopted by young people are classified by a typology based on the extent to which young people recognise and conform to a prescribed cultural model of behaviour, namely leaving home to get married and (preferably) buy a property.
The Effect of Single Sex Schools on Individuals Achievement

Previous studies have shown that single sex environments can affect an individuals’ behaviour and in particular preferences of women are modified by pressure to conform to gender stereotypes. In competitive circumstances, this has been shown to benefit the performance of women (Gneezy et. al, 2003; Booth et.al, 2009). This paper examines the influence of single sex schooling on individuals’ educational achievement. Most of the literature assumes that selection into single sex schools can be explained by the observable characteristics available to the researcher. If some unobservables explain attendance into single sex school and the educational achievement then the results of studies which fail to control for these variables could be biased. In this paper we address the selection issue to find a more accurate estimate of the effect of attending a single sex school on student’s achievement. We employ two different identification strategies. The first uses the proportion of single sex schools in the area where the individual lives as an exclusion restriction. The second approach consists of a sensitivity analysis as the one proposed by Altonji et. al (2005). Our results suggest that single sex schooling favours girls’ attainment in male dominated areas such as sciences, while no evidence of a positive effect was found for boys.
Consumption of flea faeces and eggs by larvae of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis

Abstract The effects of the consumption of flea faeces and non‐viable eggs on larval development in the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché) (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) were investigated. Only 13.3% of larvae developed into adults when fed a diet of male or female flea faeces alone; however, 90% of larvae developed into adults when fed on flea faeces supplemented with non‐viable flea eggs. When fed with non‐viable eggs alone, larvae did not develop into adults. Nevertheless, non‐viable eggs may provide critical supplemental nutrients, lacking in flea faeces and required for larval development. None of the larvae fed on flea faeces or non‐viable eggs alone formed a cocoon. A diet of flea faeces alone significantly extended the second as well as third larval stadia compared to larvae fed on diets containing non‐viable eggs. It is suggested that the cannibalism of fertile eggs may limit population growth in the cat flea.
An artificial synapse for interfacing to biological neurons

This work details CMOS, bio-inspired circuits that are used to link an artificial neuron and a living neuron and between two living neurons. We read an intracellular signal from a living neuron, use an integrate-and-fire neuron as a simple processing element to detect the spikes, and an artificial synapse to send outputs to a living neuron. The key structure is an electronic synapse which is based around a floating-gate pFET. The charge on the floating-gate is analogous to the synaptic weight and can be modified. This modification can be viewed as similar to LTP and LTD. Since programming technology has greatly improved, these weights can be set quickly and accurately
The Ramp Archetype: A Score-Based Study of Musical Dynamics in 14 Piano Composers

A study of 435 piano works by 14 composers reveals a significant asymmetry between increasing and decreasing dynamics. Specificallv: (1) there is an association between incremental crescendos and abrupt diminuendos for successions of static dynamic indications, (2) crescendos are more frequent than diminuendos, (3) crescendos tend to last longer than diminuendos, (4) crescendos will more commonly follow low dynamic levels than will diminuen- dos follow high dynamic levels, and (5) sudden changes in dynamics are much more prone to be reductions of loudness than increases of loudness. These findings support the existence of a "ramp archetype" for musical dynamics in which the music tends to build in a gradual way, but tends to subside relatively quickly. The results replicate and extend a previous study of musical dynamics in Beethoven's 32 piano sonatas. The results are consistent with a well-adapted strategy for maintaining passive auditory attention/arousal.
Reassessing the Impact of Smoking on Preeclampsia/Eclampsia: Are There Age and Racial Differences?

Objective To investigate the association between cigarette use during pregnancy and pregnancy-induced hypertension/preeclampsia/eclampsia (PIH) by maternal race/ethnicity and age. Methods This retrospective cohort study was based on the U.S. 2010 natality data. Our study sample included U.S. women who delivered singleton pregnancies between 20 and 44 weeks of gestation without major fetal anomalies in 2010 (n = 3,113,164). Multivariate logistic regression models were fit to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results We observed that the association between maternal smoking and PIH varied by maternal race/ethnicity and age. Compared with non-smokers, reduced odds of PIH among pregnant smokers was only evident for non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic American Indian women aged less than 35 years. Non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander women who smoked during pregnancy had increased odds of PIH regardless of maternal age. Non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black women 35 years or older who smoked during pregnancy also had increased odds of PIH. Conclusion Our study findings suggest important differences by maternal race/ethnicity and age in the association between cigarette use during pregnancy and PIH. More research is needed to establish the biologic and social mechanisms that might explain the variations with maternal age and race/ethnicity that were observed in our study.
The basis for presurgical orthopedic treatment of infants with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to describe the posttreatment morphology of the upper part of the oral cavity of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients and to compare it to noncleft contemporaries. Patients were treated according to a protocol designed to keep a proper resting posture of the oral cavity. DESIGN Retrospective study on dental casts. SETTING The study was performed at a maxillofacial center serving a population of 2 million inhabitants. Data for noncleft subjects are the result of a longitudinal study at the same institution. PATIENTS Twenty-one Caucasian UCLP patients (13 males, 8 females) aged 5 to 9 years with no other congenital anomalies and no postoperative orthodontic treatment. INTERVENTIONS Each patient received 5 to 6 months of preoperative orthopedics with a passive plate and external nonelastic strapping with definitive lip repair at age 5 to 7 months, soft palate repair at 11 to 15 months, and hard palate repair with mucoperiosteal closure of the alveolus at 30 to 36 months. Each patient was compared to the mean values obtained from a longitudinal study of a group of 25 healthy noncleft children of the same ethnic group (11 males, 14 females). RESULTS Analysis of dental casts indicated that 16 patients had a width, depth, and length of the alveolar arch in the range of the mean normal values minus two standard deviations. Their analyzed palates were flatter than normal. Six of 21 children had too small an alveolar arch for their ages, and they did not acquire a correct posture of the oral cavity. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the upper part of the oral cavity of UCLP patients can reach the dimensions of noncleft contemporaries despite surgery.
Cold Autoagglutinins with Anti‐Pr Specificity Associated with Fresh Varicella Infection

Cold agglutinins with the rare anti‐Pr specificity were identified in an adult patient with fresh varicella infection. The antibody was of the IgM ϰ type with subspecificity anti‐Pr3d and caused a haemolytic episode in the patient. In the only previously reported case in which cold agglutinins were associated with varicella infection, the antibody specificity was also anti‐Pr.
Restorative justice

Advocates’ claims about restorative justice contain four myths: (1) restorative justice is the opposite of retributive justice; (2) restorative justice uses indigenous justice practices and was the dominant form of pre-modern justice; (3) restorative justice is a ‘care’ (or feminine) response to crime in comparison to a ‘justice’ (or masculine) response; and (4) restorative justice can be expected to produce major changes in people. Drawing from research on conferencing in Australia and New Zealand, I show that the real story of restorative justice differs greatly from advocates’ mythical true story. Despite what advocates say, there are connections between retribution and restoration (or reparation), restorative justice should not be considered a pre-modern and feminine justice, strong stories of repair and goodwill are uncommon, and the raw material for restorativeness between victims and offenders may be in short supply. Following Engel, myth refers to a true story; its truth deals with ‘origins, with birth, with beginnings. with how something began to be’ (1993: 791-2, emphasis in original). Origin stories, in turn, ‘encode a set of oppositions’ (1993: 822) such that when telling a true story, speakers transcend adversity. By comparing advocates’ true story of restorative justice with the real story, I offer a critical and sympathetic reading of advocates’ efforts to move the idea forward. I end by reflecting on whether the political future of restorative justice is better secured by telling the mythical true story or the real story.
Class-specific ensembles for active learning in digital imagery

In many real-world tasks of image classification, limited amounts of labeled data are available to train automatic classifiers. Consequently, extensive human expert involvement is required for instance labeling. Detecting Egeria densa in digital imagery is one such real-world classification task. It presents an additional challenge due to subtle spectral changes in Egeria, which makes it difficult to find a single accurate classifier. A novel solution is proposed to employ an ensemble of classifiers for each class (class-specific ensembles), combined with an active learning scheme. The class-specific ensembles are implicitly diverse. Diversity is required to increase the overall accuracy when combining predictions. The combined predictions of the ensembles can be used to reduce the uncertainty in detecting Egeria. Iterative active learning is then suggested to adapt the ensembles to the new images, unseen to the active learner. A novel solution to build compact ensembles is also presented, which are needed to expedite the re-training of the active learner. The combined results are accurate and compact ensembles, which require significantly less expert involvement for image region classification.
Family-Related Allocentrism and HIV Risk Behavior in Central and Eastern Europe

The recent rapid spread of HIV infection in Eastern Europe raises important questions about the role of individual attitudes in the prediction and control of this epidemic. This article examines the relationship of family-related allocentrism (familism) to HIV risk behavior and perceived vulnerability to HIV/AIDS across five Central and Eastern European countries. Respondents completed questionnaires measuring allocentric attitudes, giving information about sexual activity during the previous 6 months and perceived vulnerability to HIV infection. As predicted, those scoring high on familism were more conservative in their sexual behavior, with this finding largely consistent across all five cultures and two different occupation groups. An analysis of the relationship between familism and perceived vulnerability to HIV/AIDS revealed a more complex pattern of findings that highlights the need to account for the individual's previous HIV risk behavior when trying to predict perceived vulnerability to HIV/AIDS from personality attributes and attitudes.
Recognition of individual object in focus people group based on deep learning

Deep leaning has become a hot research topic with the rapid development of big data technology. As an important branch of deep learning, convolutional neural network has been widely used in image recognition, and has achieved great success. Convolutional architecture for fast feature embedding (Caffe) with features like speed, extendibility and openness is currently top popular tool of deep learning. In this paper, the authors use Caffe to realize the recognition of individual object in a focus people group. The training images can be obtained from the video recorded by the camera through the method of normalized cross-correlation histogram. The experimental results show that the individual object can be matched accurately by using pre training model. It can be used in practical work like attendance system, criminal investigation field etc.
Long-Term Follow-Up Result of Benign Phyllodes Tumor of the Breast Diagnosed and Excised by Ultrasound-Guided Vacuum-Assisted Breast Biopsy

Purpose Percutaneous removal of benign breast tumors using ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) has been recently regarded as a feasible and safe method without serious complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the VABB in the treatment of benign phyllodes tumors, and to identify whether or not surgical re-excision is necessary for benign phyllodes tumors diagnosed and excised by VABB. Methods From January 2003 to December 2011, a total of 6,923 VABB were performed in 5,434 patients. Out of 6,923 lesions, 53 were benign phyllodes tumors. Among these, 31 lesions, with a follow-up period of longer than 24 months, were enrolled in this study. Ultrasonography follow-up was performed at 3 to 6 month intervals in order to assess recurrence. The mean follow-up period was 75.9±13.5 months (range, 24-94 months). Results The mean patient age at presentation was 31.6±9.4 years. The mean size of the lesion was 1.60±0.88 cm. The majority of lesions, 74.2% (23 cases), were palpable, and 25.8% (8 cases) were non-palpable. Twenty-two lesions (71.0%) were classified as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category 3, and nine lesions (29.0%) were classified as category 4a, by ultrasonography. During the follow-up period, local recurrence developed in one lesion, making the local recurrence rate 3.2%. Conclusion If a benign phyllodes tumor is diagnosed, and sufficiently excised by VABB, observing the clinical course may be considered as an alternative to performing immediate wide local excision; this is the case despite the fact that it would need to be observed for a prolonged period of time.
The Political Implications of Sectoral Cleavages and the Growth of State Employment: Part 1, the Analysis of Production Cleavages

Class dealignment in British politics provides a context within which existing interpretations of non-class production cleavages need to be reassessed. In Part 1 of this paper, three approaches are considered which tend to assimilate production locations into occupational or social class—empiricist analyses, Weberian accounts, and radical Weberian/conventional Marxist interpretations. All three focus primarily on unionization, which is seen either as a mediated index of occupational class or as an element of within-class variations in value predispositions also including political alignment. Conventional Marxist approaches alone consider differences between privately and publicly employed workers, but in terms of classifying the social class position of state workers. In contrast to/these approaches, a theory of production sectors is put forward. This interprets the whole range of production locations, especially union/non-union and public/private employment differences, in terms of cross-class interests generated by labour market segmentation between capital sectors. In Part 2 (next issue), this sectoral model is developed in an empirical analysis of production cleavages and party differentiation, and of sectoral influences on political alignment, in contemporary Britain.
DETECTION OF WINDOWS IN FACADES USING IMAGE PROCESSING ALGORITHMS

In this paper, a method for window detection in images of facades is presented. Windows play an important role in the context of deformation analysis of facades, and automatic detection from images is needed in novel, reflector-free measurement setups. The method we present is capable of detecting windows at several different orientations and scales, and yields good results for practical settings. The performance is demonstrated by an evaluation of the method using the Vienna and Zurich database sets of window images, which shows that window coordinates can be reliably detected.
Mechanism of the Voltage Sensitivity of IRK1 Inward-rectifier K+ Channel Block by the Polyamine Spermine

IRK1 (Kir2.1) inward-rectifier K+ channels exhibit exceedingly steep rectification, which reflects strong voltage dependence of channel block by intracellular cations such as the polyamine spermine. On the basis of studies of IRK1 block by various amine blockers, it was proposed that the observed voltage dependence (valence ∼5) of IRK1 block by spermine results primarily from K+ ions, not spermine itself, traversing the transmembrane electrical field that drops mostly across the narrow ion selectivity filter, as spermine and K+ ions displace one another during channel block and unblock. If indeed spermine itself only rarely penetrates deep into the ion selectivity filter, then a long blocker with head groups much wider than the selectivity filter should exhibit comparably strong voltage dependence. We confirm here that channel block by two molecules of comparable length, decane-bis-trimethylammonium (bis-QAC10) and spermine, exhibit practically identical overall voltage dependence even though the head groups of the former are much wider (∼6 Å) than the ion selectivity filter (∼3 Å). For both blockers, the overall equilibrium dissociation constant differs from the ratio of apparent rate constants of channel unblock and block. Also, although steady-state IRK1 block by both cations is strongly voltage dependent, their apparent channel-blocking rate constant exhibits minimal voltage dependence, which suggests that the pore becomes blocked as soon as the blocker encounters the innermost K+ ion. These findings strongly suggest the existence of at least two (potentially identifiable) sequentially related blocked states with increasing numbers of K+ ions displaced. Consequently, the steady-state voltage dependence of IRK1 block by spermine or bis-QAC10 should increase with membrane depolarization, a prediction indeed observed. Further kinetic analysis identifies two blocked states, and shows that most of the observed steady-state voltage dependence is associated with the transition between blocked states, consistent with the view that the mutual displacement of blocker and K+ ions must occur mainly as the blocker travels along the long inner pore.