Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric Turbulence Aberration Correction Based on Deep Learning Wavefront Sensing

In this paper, research was conducted on Deep Learning Wavefront Sensing (DLWS) neural networks using simulated atmospheric turbulence datasets, and a novel DLWS was proposed based on attention mechanisms and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The study encompassed both indoor experiments and kilometer-range laser transmission experiments employing DLWS. In terms of indoor experiments, data were collected and training was performed on the platform built by us. Subsequent comparative experiments with the Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensing (SHWS) method revealed that our DLWS model achieved accuracy on par with SHWS. For the kilometer-scale experiments, we directly applied the DLWS model obtained from the indoor platform, eliminating the need for new data collection or additional training. The DLWS predicts the wavefront from the beacon light PSF in real time and then uses it for aberration correction of the emitted laser. The results demonstrate a substantial improvement in the average peak intensity of the light spot at the target position after closed-loop correction, with a remarkable increase of 5.35 times compared to the open-loop configuration.
Closed-Loop Harmonic Suppression for Grid Connected 3-Phase PWM Inverters

Harmonic currents disturb the operation of ac grids with electronically controlled and distributed sources and loads. Harmonic suppression methods in grid-connected inverters exhibit finite attenuation of low-order harmonics, weak suppression of high-order harmonics, and dynamic coupling between current controllers and harmonic controllers, which all impair overall performance. The developed harmonic controller suppresses residual harmonics to at least sixty decibels below rated current. The structure includes a new error-free harmonic estimator and an original controller that eliminates mutual coupling with the fundamental current controller. The system is experimentally tested in industrial inverter units connected to an ac grid rich in harmonics with artificially introduced unbalances.
Optimizing PCL/PLGA Scaffold Biocompatibility Using Gelatin from Bovine, Porcine, and Fish Origin

This research introduces a novel approach by incorporating various types of gelatins, including bovine, porcine, and fish skin, into polycaprolactone and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) using a solvent casting method. The films are evaluated for morphology, mechanical properties, thermal stability, biodegradability, hemocompatibility, cell adhesion, proliferation, and cytotoxicity. The results show that the incorporation of gelatins into the films alters their mechanical properties, with a decrease in tensile strength but an increase in elongation at break. This indicates that the films become more flexible with the addition of gelatin. Gelatin incorporation has a limited effect on the thermal stability of the films. The composites with the gelatin show higher biodegradability with the highest weight loss in the case of fish gelatin. The films exhibit high hemocompatibility with minimal hemolysis observed. The gelatin has a dynamic effect on cell behavior and promotes long-term cell proliferation. In addition, all composite films reveal exceptionally low levels of cytotoxicity. The combination of the evaluated parameters shows the appropriate level of biocompatibility for gelatin-based samples. These findings provide valuable insights for future studies involving gelatin incorporation in tissue engineering applications.
Initial investigation on the feasibility of porcine red blood cells from genetically modified pigs as an alternative to human red blood cells for transfusion

The decline in blood donation rates and the ongoing shortage of blood products pose significant challenges to medical societies. One potential solution is to use porcine red blood cells (pRBCs) from genetically modified pigs as an alternative to human red blood cells (hRBCs). However, adverse immunological reactions remain a significant obstacle to their use. This study aimed to evaluate the compatibility of diverse genetically modified pRBCs with human serum. We acquired human complement-competent serum, complement 7 (C7)-deficient serum, and hRBCs from all ABO blood types. Additionally, we used leftover clinical samples from health checkups for further evaluation. pRBCs were collected from wild-type (WT) and genetically modified pigs: triple knockout (TKO), quadruple KO (QKO), and TKO/hCD55.hCD39 knockin (hCD55.hCD39KI). The extent of C3 deposition on RBCs was measured using flow cytometry after incubation in C7-deficient serum diluted in Ca++-enriched or Ca++-depleted and Mg++-enriched buffers. The binding of immunoglobulin (Ig) M/IgG antibody to RBCs after incubation in ABO-type human serum was evaluated using flow cytometry. Naïve human serum- or sensitized monkey serum-mediated hemolysis was also evaluated. Phagocytosis was assessed by incubating labeled RBCs with the human monocytic cell line THP-1 and measurement by flow cytometry. All three genetic modifications significantly improved the compatibility of pRBCs with human serum relative to that of WT pRBCs. The extent of IgM/IgG binding to genetically modified pRBCs was lower than that of WT pRBCs and similar to that of O-type hRBCs. Total and alternative pathway complement activation in all three genetically modified pRBCs was significantly weaker than that in WT pRBCs and did not differ from that in O-type hRBCs. The extent of serum-mediated hemolysis and phagocytosis of these genetically modified pRBCs was low and similar to that of O-type hRBCs. Sensitized monkey serum-mediated hemolysis in QKO and TKO/hCD55.hCD39KI pRBCs was higher than in O-type hRBCs but lower than in TKO pRBCs. The elimination of porcine carbohydrate antigens in genetically modified pigs significantly enhanced pRBC compatibility with naïve human sera, which was comparable to that of O-type hRBCs. These findings provide valuable insights into the development of pRBCs as potential alternatives to hRBCs.
The Avaatech XRF Core Scanner: technical description and applications to NE Atlantic sediments

Abstract X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanning provides rapid high-resolution (down to 1 mm) records of chemical composition on split sediment cores. The measurements are non-destructive and require very limited sample preparation. The new Avaatech XRF Core Scanner, operational since 2002, covers the atomic mass range from Al to U. Instrument parameters, especially tube voltage, can be adjusted to provide optimum settings for selected elements or sets thereof. Owing to the nature of the surface of split sediment cores, particularly effects resulting from sample inhomogeneity and surface roughness, results are semiquantitative, yet provide reliable records of the relative variability in elemental composition downcore. Selected case studies from diverse sedimentary settings in the NE Atlantic Ocean illustrate a range of applications of XRF logging data. These include preliminary stratigraphic interpretations (glacial-interglacial cycles), provenance studies of the terrigenous sediment fraction, lithological characterization, early diagenetic processes and distinction between carbonate phases (aragonite v. calcite).
Ecuadorian students’ conceptions and personal experience regarding water management issues / Concepciones y experiencias personales de los estudiantes ecuatorianos sobre la gestión del agua

Abstract Household water distribution and wastewater management represent major challenges in developing countries. In designing effective instructional interventions to address this issue, educators should consider people’s current knowledge of water management as a starting point. In our study, we examine Ecuadorian students’ current conceptions and personal experience in the context of water management issues. A sample of 73 adolescents from the Guayas coastal region of Ecuador responded to a paper-pencil questionnaire with open questions. The subsequent qualitative content analysis revealed some interesting results. In particular, the students’ life experiences appear to shape the students’ conceptions regarding the origin of piped-in household water and its ultimate destination, suggesting that experience-based learning has occurred. We found that a confusion of issues may arise. Mixing up the household water system with the wastewater system or household water with bottled water may lead to overgeneralization. Technical terms like groundwater, waterworks and wastewater treatment plant seem to be unfamiliar to most Ecuadorian students. Inferring from our results, we present practical recommendations for educators, both in developed and developing countries, to use in their instruction on water management issues.
Initial Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) Modeling of Graphene Based on Intra-band Surface Conductivity

Graphene is a single two-dimensional layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, possesses interesting optical properties, and has potential for applications in optical devices. Graphene exhibits tunable surface conductivity, which arises from its electronic band structure. Graphene surface conductivity is determined by its chemical potential, which can be controlled by bias voltage and/or chemical doping. The tunability of surface conductivity allowed to tailored optical properties of graphene, making it a controllable material for optoelectronic applications. Graphene surface conductivity is applied to update the field values at each time step in the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method, enabling us to visualize electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation in graphene. The current article serves as a starting point for developing the FDTD approach to simulate EM wave interactions with graphene, particularly at low frequencies. In this study, we use the Kubo formula for low EM wave frequency (10-105 GHz) at ambient temperature to calculate the intra-band surface conductivity of graphene. The outcome shows that the imaginer’s intra-band surface conductivity value is relatively considerable compared to the actual value at frequencies between 102 and 104. Moreover, the chemical potential exhibits a positive linear relationship with the imaginer intra-band surface conductivity and the intra-band conductivity falls to zero as the frequency rises to NIR.
The Impact of Functional Stability Exercises on Alleviating Pelvic Girdle Pain in Pregnancy: A Review

Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) during pregnancy is a major source of stress for mothers. This review summarizes studies on the effectiveness of functional stability exercises (FSEs) in preventing PGP during pregnancy. FSE is a rising area of study in maternal health, focusing on core muscle groups and addressing the biomechanical changes during pregnancy. Although data shows that FSE may relieve PGP and improve the quality of life in pregnant women, the research landscape is defined by limitations and differences in intervention parameters among studies, resulting in contradictory conclusions. As a result, the efficacy of FSE in pregnant women with PGP remains inconclusive. This review can help comprise the existing research on FSE alleviating PGP in pregnancy to provide full knowledge on the topic, analyze long-term effects, and develop practice guidelines. While FSE shows promise, treating the multidimensional nature of PGP in pregnancy requires a comprehensive approach to therapy that incorporates several therapeutic modalities.
Stage-Dependent Corticosterone Production and Response to Maternal Toxin Exposure in Embryos of a Viviparous and Genetically Toad Toxin-Resistant Snake (Thamnophis elegans)

Resource allocation and hormone provisioning during vitellogenesis has been documented for many oviparous reptiles, while viviparous species remain relatively understudied in the context of yolk composition. Squamates that have evolved viviparity have retained varying degrees of embryonic nourishment via the yolk (lecithotrophy). Very little is known about the timing of embryonic hormone production, and the degree of maternal hormone provisioning in viviparous reptiles. Viviparous species may, in principle, receive hormone exposure through some or all of three routes, viz., maternal provisioning in the yolk, transfer from the maternal circulation, and/or hormone production by the developing embryonic endocrine tissues. In toad-eating snakes, adrenal hormones may provide protection from toad toxins, supplementing genetic resistance. Additionally, one species of oviparous snake has been shown to provision its embryos with defensive toxins from toads. We hypothesized that embryonic hormone levels would increase during development and that yolk hormone levels would correspondingly decrease. We also predicted that the embryos from females administered toad toxin would have higher levels of corticosterone (CORT) in response to exposure to a toad toxin. We measured levels of CORT in the embryos and corresponding yolks of a viviparous and genetically toxin-resistant natricine, the Western Terrestrial Garter Snake (Thamnophis elegans), beginning at Zehr Stage 26. We found that embryos and their corresponding yolks had relatively higher levels of CORT in later stages. There were no measurable differences in CORT between embryos of the same stage obtained from dams treated with marinobufagenin (MBG) or no treatment. Given that yolk and embryonic CORT increase throughout the course of development, a trade-off between early maternal provisioning and the onset of adrenal function is not apparent. However, increase in adrenal production of CORT over the course of development remains relevant to both stress physiology and physiological toxin resistance.
Fusion of Audio and Vibration Signals for Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on a Quadratic Convolution Neural Network

In this paper, a quadratic convolution neural network (QCNN) using both audio and vibration signals is utilized for bearing fault diagnosis. Specifically, to make use of multi-modal information for bearing fault diagnosis, the audio and vibration signals are first fused together using a 1 × 1 convolution. Then, a quadratic convolution neural network is applied for the fusion feature extraction. Finally, a decision module is designed for fault classification. The proposed method utilizes the complementary information of audio and vibration signals, and is insensitive to noise. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed method can achieve high accuracies for both single and multiple bearing fault diagnosis in the noisy situations. Moreover, the combination of two-modal data helps improve the performance under all conditions.
Properties of Ellerman Bombs and Implications About Formation Mechanisms

Ellerman bombs and surges are studied in this thesis in order that inferences about the formation mechanism of these features can be made. General introductions to the solar atmosphere and relevant observational techniques will be presented in Chapters 1 and 2, respectively. Chapter 3 discusses the properties of small-scale brightenings in the Hα line wings. An automated detection algorithm identifies and tracks bright regions, before a null set of confidently identified Ellerman bombs is isolated and compared to the results of previous researches and the smaller features identified by the algorithm. Chapter 4 then compares numerical simulations of magnetic reconnection to the signatures of 7 Ellerman bombs. Each Ellerman bomb occurs co-spatial to a magnetic bi-pole, six of which exhibit flux cancellation or emergence offering potential evidence that magnetic reconnection is the driver of these features. The properties of 22 Ellerman bombs at the solar limb are inferred in Chapter 5. Two in-depth case studies are presented which highlight the dynamical nature of individual features, including their morphological properties and potential links to the magnetic field. Chapter 6 discusses the physical properties of Moving Magnetic Features, the cancellation rates of which are measured, and how such properties fit into the hypothesised theory of magnetic reconnection as the driver of Ellerman bombs. An algebraic model of magnetic reconnection is employed such that upflow velocities, extension lengths, and local number densities can be derived. The outputs from this model agree well with measurements of Ellerman bombs returned in previous Chapters. Finally, an isolated surge is studied in Chapter 7. The temporal evolution of the line-of-sight magnetic field shows no evidence of magnetic reconnection co-spatial to this surge; however, a blinker forms co-spatially with this feature. This offers compelling evidence that blinkers may be linked to photospheric mass supply.
A STUDY OF GLOBAL WARMING IN MALAYSIA

The Aim Of This Investigation Is To Study The Global Warming Trend In Malaysia. This Investigation Uses Approximately 50 Years Of Temperature Data Set. Least Square Regression Line, Coupled With Null Hypothesis Tests Were Carried Out To Detect Any Significant Trend. The Most Significant Results Of This Investigation Are: (A) A Significant Increase Of The Mean Annual Temperature, Ranging From 0.99 To 3. 44Â°C Per 100 Years Is Forecasted, And (B) The Mean Annual Temperature Regression Lines (For All The Analyzed Stations) Exhibit That The Global Warming Trend Has Increased In The Past 30 Years. This Last Result Shows A Perfect Agreement With The Latest Report Of The Intergovernmental Panel Of Climatic Change (IPCC).
Maternal dietary patterns and acute leukemia in infants: results from a case control study in Mexico

Background Childhood cancer is the leading cause of disease-related mortality among children aged 5–14 years in Mexico, with acute leukemia being the most common cancer among infants. Examining the overall dietary patterns allows for a comprehensive assessment of food and nutrient consumption, providing a more predictive measure of disease risk than individual foods or nutrients. This study aims to evaluate the association between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and the risk of acute leukemia in Mexican infants. Methods A hospital-based case–control study was conducted, comparing 109 confirmed acute leukemia cases with 152 age-matched controls. All participants (≤24 months) were identified at hospitals in Mexico City between 2010 and 2019. Data on a posteriori dietary patterns and other relevant variables were collected through structured interviews and dietary questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to estimate the association between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and the risk of acute leukemia in infants. Results The “Balanced & Vegetable-Rich” pattern, characterized by a balanced consumption of various food groups and higher vegetable intake, exhibited a negative association with acute leukemia when compared to the “High Dairy & Cereals” Pattern (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29, 0.90). We observed that mothers who gave birth to girls and adhered to a healthy dietary pattern during pregnancy exhibited significantly lower odds of their children developing AL compared to those who gave birth to boys [OR = 0.32 (95% CI 0.11, 0.97)]. Our results underscore the significance of maternal nutrition as a modifiable factor in disease prevention and the importance of prenatal health education.
Efficient BiSAR PFA Wavefront Curvature Compensation for Arbitrary Radar Flight Trajectories

The polar format algorithm (PFA) is a popular choice for general bistatic synthetic aperture radar (BiSAR) imaging due to its computational efficiency and adaptability to situations with complicated geometries or arbitrary flight trajectories. However, efficient and accurate compensation of 2-D residual phase errors induced by the wavefront curvature remains challenging when obtaining high-quality BiSAR PFA images. In this article, an analytical expression for the phase errors in the wavenumber domain is derived. With this, the inherent structural characteristics of the phase errors are formulated, where the 2-D phase errors can be reduced to 1-D phase errors for an optimal coordinate system. Moreover, the mapping relationship between distorted point targets in the optimal imaging coordinates and their actual point targets in the original imaging coordinates is investigated. By exploiting the structural characteristics and the mapping relationship, a highly efficient BiSAR PFA wavefront curvature compensation method is proposed. This allows a reduced-dimensional space-variant filter to be constructed to mitigate the 2-D defocusing effect without compromising the compensation accuracy, with the distortion correction being performed using interpolation. The proposed method significantly reduces the complexity required for residual 2-D phase error compensation while simplifying the distortion correction, resulting in notable robustness. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated using point target and scene target simulations.
Cardiac function, myocardial fat deposition, and lipid profile in young smokers: a cross-sectional study

Background There is a possibility that cardiac morphometric characteristics are associated with the lipid profile, that is, the composition and concentration of triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and others lipoproteins in young smokers without comorbidities. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the association of cardiac morphometric characteristics, myocardial fat deposition, and smoking cessation with the lipid profile of young smokers. Methods A clinical and laboratory evaluation of lipids and the smoking status was performed on 57 individuals, including both a smoker group and a control group. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with proton spectroscopy was performed to identify cardiac changes and triglyceride (TG) deposition in myocardial tissue. Results No differences were observed between the groups (control vs. smokers) in relation to the amount of myocardial TG deposition (p = 0.47); however, when TG deposition was correlated with cardiac MRI variables, a positive correlation was identified between smoking history and myocardial TG deposition [hazard ratio (95% CI), 0.07 (0.03–0.12); p = 0.002]. Furthermore, it was observed that the smoking group had lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [51 (45.5–59.5) mg/dl vs. 43 (36–49.5) mg/dl, p = 0.003] and higher TG [73 (58–110) mg/dl vs. 122 (73.5–133) mg/dl, p = 0.01] and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [14.6 (11.6–22.2) mg/dl vs. 24.4 (14.7–26.6) mg/dl, p = 0.01] values. In the control and smoking groups, a negative correlation between TGs and the diameter of the aortic root lumen and positive correlation with the thickness of the interventricular septum and end-diastolic volume (EDV) of both the right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) were noted. Moreover, in the RV, positive correlations with the end-systolic volume (ESV) index (ESVI), stroke volume (SV), ESV, and EDV were observed. Regarding serum free fatty acids, we found a negative correlation between their values and the diameter of the lumen of the ascending aortic vessel. Lipoprotein lipase showed a positive correlation with the SV index of the RV and negative correlation with the diameter of the lumen of the ascending aortic vessel. Conclusion Several associations were observed regarding cardiac morphometric characteristics, myocardial fat deposition, and smoking cessation with the lipid profile of young smokers.