Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermalization of noninteracting quantum systems coupled to blackbody radiation: A Lindblad-based analysis

We study the thermalization of an ensemble of $N$ elementary, arbitrarily-complex, quantum systems, mutually noninteracting but coupled as electric or magnetic dipoles to a blackbody radiation. The elementary systems can be all the same or belong to different species, distinguishable or indistinguishable, located at fixed positions or having translational degrees of freedom. Even if the energy spectra of the constituent systems are nondegenerate, as we suppose, the ensemble unavoidably presents degeneracies of the energy levels and/or of the energy gaps. We show that, due to these degeneracies, a thermalization analysis performed by the popular quantum optical master equation reveals a number of serious pathologies, possibly including a lack of ergodicity. On the other hand, a consistent thermalization scenario is obtained by introducing a Lindblad-based approach, in which the Lindblad operators, instead of being derived from a microscopic calculation, are established as the elements of an operatorial basis with squared amplitudes fixed by imposing a detailed balance condition and requiring their correspondence with the dipole transition rates evaluated under the first-order perturbation theory. Due to the above-mentioned degeneracies, this procedure suffers a basis arbitrariness which, however, can be removed by exploiting the fact that the thermalization of an ensemble of noninteracting systems cannot depend on the ensemble size. As a result, we provide a clear-cut partitioning of the thermalization time into dissipation and decoherence times, for which we derive formulas giving the dependence on the energy levels of the elementary systems, the size $N$ of the ensemble, and the temperature of the blackbody radiation.
An Axiomatic Approach to the Law of Small Numbers ∗

With beliefs over the outcomes of coin-tosses as our primitive, we formalize the Law of Small Numbers (Tversky and Kahneman (1974)) by an axiom that expresses a belief that the sample mean of any sequence will tend towards the coin’s perceived bias along the entire path. The agent is represented by a belief that the bias of the coin is path-dependent and self-correcting. The model is consistent with the evidence used to support the Law of Small Numbers, such as the Gambler’s Fallacy. In the setting of Bayesian inference, we show how learning is aﬀected by the interplay between two potentially opposing forces: a belief in the absence of streaks and a belief that the sample mean will tend to the true bias. We show that, unlike other learning results in the literature (Rabin (2002), Epstein, Noor and Sandroni (2010)), the latter force ensures that the agent at least admits the true parameter as possible in the limit, if not learn with certainty that it is true. In an evolutionary setting, we show that agents who believe in the Law of Small Numbers are never pushed out of the evolutionary race by “standard” agents who correctly understand randomness. or a “risky high stakes” hunting ground. Their decision is based on a public signal about the risky hunting ground, which they use to determine their beliefs about a parameter that captures the desirability of the risky ground. We show that almost surely,
Stochastic Solution of Elliptic and Parabolic Boundary Value Problems for the Spectral Fractional Laplacian

We prove and implement stochastic solution (or Feynman-Kac) formulas for boundary value problems involving the spectral fractional Laplacian with nonzero Dirichlet boundary condition. The main tools used in the proofs are the abstract Cauchy problem for Feller semigroups together with Balakrishnan's theory of fractional powers. We show the the spectral fractional Laplacian with nonzero Dirichlet boundary conditions is the generator of an appropriate Feller semigroup for subordinate stopped Brownian motion, and obtain a stochastic solution formula for the fractional heat equation in a bounded domain. We then obtain precise regularity and steady-state convergence properties of the parabolic problem using the eigenfunction expansion of the classical solution, which leads to estimates for the survival probability of subordinate stopped Brownian motion. These results allow us to take the long-time limit in the parabolic formula to establish a stochastic solution formula for the Dirichlet boundary value problem. These stochastic solution formulas for the spectral fractional Laplacian with nonzero boundary conditions are novel, and allow for efficient, embarrassingly parallel local solution of the above boundary value problems. We discuss the discretization of these formulas, and verify them in dimensions two and three with benchmark examples. We study the effect of the number of path samples and the time step size for path discretization on the accuracy of the solution.
A Case of Late-Onset Group B Streptococcus Serotype Ⅰb Meningitis With Absence of Pleocytosis at the Initial Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis

Bacterial meningitis in infants is a life-threatening illness that survives significant neurological sequelae that remain in survivors. The current diagnostic gold standard for meningitis is bacterial isolation from culture or molecular diagnostics in the cerebrospinal fluid. The decision for antibiotics therapy before bacterial detection is made on microscopic and biochemical findings in the cerebrospinal fluid, however, some patient shows no microscopic finding and pleocytosis at the initial cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Herein, we report a case of late-onset group B Streptococcus serotype Ib meningitis that could be introduced with timelier antibiotic therapy even in the absence of pleocytosis without the detection of bacteria on smear at the initial CSF analysis.
Variable stars in the open cluster NGC 2141

We report the results of a search for variable stars in the open cluster NGC 2141. Ten variable stars are detected, among which nine are new variable stars and they are classified as three short-period W UMa-type eclipsing binaries, two EA-type eclipsing binaries, one EB-type eclipsing binary, one very short-period RS CVn-type eclipsing binary, one d-type RR Lyrae variable star, and one unknown type of variable star. The membership and physical properties are discussed, based on their light curves, positions in the color magnitude diagrams, spatial locations and periods. A known EB-type eclipsing binary is also identified as a blue straggler candidate in the cluster. Furthermore, we find that all eclipsing contact binaries have prominent asymmetric eclipses and display the O'Connell effect, which increases with a decrease in orbital periods. This suggests that the O'Connell effect is probably related to the evolution of the orbital period in short period eclipsing binary systems.
Motivic invariants of moduli spaces of rank 2 Bradlow-Higgs triples

In the present thesis we study the geometry of the moduli spaces of Bradlow-Higgs triples on a smooth projective curve C. There is a family of stability conditions for triples that depends on a positive real parameter I. The moduli spaces of I-semistable triples of rank r and degree d vary with I. The phenomenon arising I from this is known as wall-crossing. In the first half of the thesis we will examine how the moduli spaces and their universal additive invariants change as I varies, for the case r = 2. In particular we will study the case of I very close to 0, for which the moduli space relates to the moduli space of stable Higgs bundles, and I very large, for which the moduli space is a relative Hilbert scheme of points for the family of spectral curves. Some of these results will be generalized to Bradlow-Higgs triples with poles. In the second half we will prove a formula relating the cohomology of the moduli spaces for small and odd degree and the perverse filtration on the cohomology of the moduli space of stable Higgs bundles. We will also partially generalize this result to the case of rank greater than 2.
Cirrhosis of the Liver: A Case Report and Literature Review of a Rare Case Presentation of Autoimmune Hepatitis With Systemic Sclerosis

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic systemic disease that affects the skin, heart, lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and musculoskeletal system. Although gastrointestinal involvement has been reported in approximately 90% of scleroderma patients, liver involvement is uncommon. A 51-year-old female was admitted to the hospital due to abdominal distension and pedal edema. She had a history of Raynaud's syndrome and multiple hypopigmented and hyperpigmented patches over her body for the last year. Her ascetic fluid analysis was transudative with a serum ascites albumin gradient >1.1, and the abdomen and pelvis ultrasonography reported liver cirrhosis with splenomegaly with perisplenic varices. Her antinuclear antibody and anti-centromere antibody were positive. Skin thickening was visible. Her alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and serum globulin were raised. Viral serology was negative. We managed her with diuretics, beta-blockers, prednisolone (30 mg/day administered orally), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers. Edema and abdominal distension decreased with this management, and no Raynaud's phenomenon was observed during the hospital stay.
Critical factors of e-government in the last 20 years: a study through content analysis and keyword co-occurrence

About 20 years have passed since the implementation of e-government as a tool that offers services and helps citizens, until today. Thus, the objective of this study is to raise the most frequent critical factors to understand the focus of study of researchers over the years on the subject, helping to identify trends. Therefore, a content analysis study was carried out on a sample of articles and a bibliometric analysis of the co-occurrence of the keywords from 2001 to 2022. As a result, the most relevant critical factors are the Digital Divide, the Implementation of Services that depend on infrastructure, studies on E-services, followed by Safety and Quality requirements, and finally, research on the Adoption/acceptance and trust of this user concerning the electronic system.
Asymptotic behaviour for the fractional heat equation in the Euclidean space

Abstract We consider weak solutions of the fractional heat equation posed in the whole n-dimensional space, and establish their asymptotic convergence to the fundamental solution as under the assumption that the initial datum is an integrable function, or a finite Radon measure. Convergence with suitable rates is obtained for solutions with a finite first initial moment, while for solutions with compactly supported initial data convergence in relative error holds. The results are applied to the fractional Fokker–Planck equation. Brief mention of other techniques and related equations is made.
On the anti-Kelul\'{e} problem of cubic graphs

An edge set $S$ of a connected graph $G$ is called an anti-Kekul\'e set if $G-S$ is connected and has no perfect matchings, where $G-S$ denotes the subgraph obtained by deleting all edges in $S$ from $G$. The anti-Kekul\'e number of a graph $G$, denoted by $ak(G)$, is the cardinality of a smallest anti-Kekul\'e set of $G$. It is NP-complete to find the smallest anti-Kekul\'e set of a graph. In this paper, we show that the anti-Kekul\'{e} number of a 2-connected cubic graph is either 3 or 4, and the anti-Kekul\'{e} number of a connected cubic bipartite graph is always equal to 4. Furthermore, a polynomial time algorithm is given to find all smallest anti-Kekul\'{e} sets of a connected cubic graph.
WEAK MASER EMISSION OF METHYL FORMATE TOWARD SAGITTARIUS B2(N) IN THE GREEN BANK TELESCOPE PRIMOS SURVEY

A non-LTE radiative transfer treatment of cis-methyl formate (HCOOCH3) rotational lines is presented for the first time using a set of theoretical collisional rate coefficients. These coefficients have been computed in the temperature range 5–30 K by combining coupled-channel scattering calculations with a high accuracy potential energy surface for HCOOCH3–He. The results are compared to observations toward the Sagittarius B2(N) molecular cloud using the publicly available PRIMOS survey from the Green Bank Telescope. A total of 49 low-lying transitions of methyl formate, with upper levels below 25 K, are identified. These lines are found to probe a presumably cold (∼30 K), moderately dense (∼104 cm−3), and extended region surrounding Sgr B2(N). The derived column density of ∼4 × 1014 cm−2 is only a factor of ∼10 larger than the column density of the trans conformer in the same source. Provided that the two conformers have the same spatial distribution, this result suggests that strongly non-equilibrium processes must be involved in their synthesis. Finally, our calculations show that all detected emission lines with a frequency below 30 GHz are (collisionally pumped) weak masers amplifying the continuum of Sgr B2(N). This result demonstrates the importance and generality of non-LTE effects in the rotational spectra of complex organic molecules at centimeter wavelengths.
Discretization of Baker-Akhiezer Modules and Commuting Difference Operators in Several Discrete Variables

We introduce the notion of discrete Baker-Akhiezer (DBA) modules, which are modules over the ring of difference operators, as a certain discretization of Baker-Akhiezer modules which are modules over the ring of differential operators. We use it to construct commuting difference operators with matrix coefficients in several discrete variables.
Drell-Yan lepton pair production at the LHC and transverse momentum dependent quark densities of the proton

We use the TMD quark densities of the proton to investigate unpolarized Drell-Yan lepton pair production in proton-proton collisions at the LHC energies. We investigate the case where the gluon-to-quark splitting occurs at the last evolution step and calculate the TMD sea quark density as a convolution of the CCFM-evolved gluon distribution and the TMD gluon-to-quark splitting function which contains all single logarithmic small-x corrections to the sea quark evolution for any order of perturbation theory. Based on the O(�) production amplitude q ∗ + ¯ q ∗ → Z/ ∗ → l + + l − which calculated according to the reggeized quark approach, we analyze the distributions on the dilepton invariant mass, transverse momentum and rapidity as well as the specific angular correlations between the produced leptons as measured by the CMS, ATLAS and LHCb collaborations. We argue that these measurements impose stringent constraints on the TMD quark distributions of the proton.
Deviation bounds for the first passage time in the frog model

Abstract We consider the so-called frog model with random initial configurations. The dynamics of this model are described as follows. Some particles are randomly assigned to any site of the multidimensional cubic lattice. Initially, only particles at the origin are active and these independently perform simple random walks. The other particles are sleeping and do not move at first. When sleeping particles are hit by an active particle, they become active and start moving in a similar fashion. The aim of this paper is to derive large deviation and concentration bounds for the first passage time at which an active particle reaches a target site.
The Effect of Health Belief Model on Prevention Chronic Desease DM in Elderly at Bangun Rejo Village Tanjung Morawa District in 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of The Health Belief Model in the prevention of chronic disease Diabetes Mellitus in the elderly . This research was conducted in Bangun Rejo Village, Tanjung Morawa sub-district, Deli Serdang Regency. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group research design. The number of samples in this study were 34 people who were taken using a purposive sampling technique by taking into account the inclusion criteria. The sample was divided into 17 people as the experimental group and 17 people as the control group. The measuring instruments used in this study were questionnaires that had been tested for validity and reliability, blood glucose measuring devices, and observation sheets. The experimental group was given an intervention. Effect of The Health Belief Model on the prevention of chronic disease and in the elderly. The analysis used was univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with dependent and independent t tests. The results showed that before being given health education, the influence of The Health Belief Model was that the majority of respondents had sufficient knowledge as many as 9 people (38.2%) and after being given health education based on The Health Belief Model had good chronic disease prevention as many as 17 people (50, 0%). Statistical results obtained p value (0.000) < (0.05), so that the results obtained that there is an effect of The Health Belief Model in the prevention of chronic diseases in the elderly. The results of this study are expected to be one of the nursing interventions in increasing the prevention of chronic diseases in the elderly.
Does the standardisation of tax enforcement improve corporate financial reporting quality?

ABSTRACT Previous studies of tax enforcement neglect the effect of tax-penalty discretionary benchmarks on corporate financial reporting quality. In China, province-level variations in implementing tax-penalty discretionary benchmarks provide a quasi-natural experiment to explore how tax enforcement standardisation affects corporate financial reporting quality. We show that when tax-penalty benchmarks are implemented in every province, there is a more pronounced positive relationship between tax enforcement standardisation and corporate financial reporting quality compared with the ex-ante period. Moreover, this positive relationship is primarily driven by firms with higher degrees of tax avoidance and collusion with tax collectors. Consequently, the implementation of tax-penalty benchmarks means that the standardisation of tax enforcement can improve corporate financial reporting quality. In turn, tax enforcement standardisation can optimise the external governance environment for listed firms and improve financial information disclosure in capital markets.
Acceleration of saddle-point methods in smooth cases

In the present paper we propose a novel convergence analysis of the Alternating Direction Methods of Multipliers (ADMM), based on its equivalence with the overrelaxed Primal-Dual Hybrid Gradient (oPDHG) algorithm. We consider the smooth case, which correspond to the cas where the objective function can be decomposed into one differentiable with Lipschitz continuous gradient part and one strongly convex part. An accelerated variant of the ADMM is also proposed, which is shown to converge linearly with same rate as the oPDHG.
Comprehensive assessment of heat pump dryers for drying agricultural products

Fruits and vegetables are agricultural products that require preservation to enhance and protect shelf life, encapsulate natural flavour, and retain nutritional content. Globally, agricultural products are preserved by a range of means, the most prevalent of which is the heat pump dryer, which produces the best results even in unfavourable climatic conditions. Heat pump dryers come in different types and their performance varies depending on the type. This study aims to evaluate recently developed heat pump dryers based on key performance indicators, impacts on food colour and nutritional content, techno‐economic, exergoeconomic, and environmental issues associated with the development of heat pump dryers, which are underrepresented in most of the existing heat pump dryers' reviews. This study also discusses mathematical drying kinetic models, and regulation or policy aspects related to the development of heat pump dryers. In the present study, the results on performance analysis indicate that heat pump dryers examined were effective in reducing drying time and obtaining high coefficients of performance ranging from 1.94 to 5.338 and specific moisture extraction rate ranging from 0.156 to 9.25 kg/kWh, as well as significantly reducing energy consumption by up to 80%. The nutritional composition and colour results show that heat pump dryers maintain the maximum nutrient content while also improving colour. The expansion valve has the lowest exergoeconomic factor of all heat pump dryer components, whereas the compressor has the highest cost of exergy destruction in general, according to the results of exergoeconomic analysis. Techno‐economic analysis results demonstrated that most developed heat pump dryers have short payback periods ranging from 1.6 to 3.6 years. However, due to a lack of research in this field, the environmental implications of heat pump dryers are unknown. As per the findings of this study, future research in this field should focus on the design of simple and low‐energy heat pump dryers, life cycle, techno‐economic, and exergoeconomic assessments.
AN EFFICIENT SECURE AUTHENTICATION USING IDENTITY BASED CRYPTOGRAPHY IN TWO-SERVER PAKE PROTOCOL

— Security is an important issue in the client-server communication. Password is the basic function used for the client-server communication process. Ubiquitous information access and communication has become essential in daily life and global enterprises. In two-server password-authenticated key exchange (PAKE) protocol, a client splits its password and stores two shares of its password in the two servers, respectively, and the two servers then cooperate to authenticate the client without knowing the password of the client. In case one server is compromised by an adversary, the password of the client is required to remain secure. In this paper, we present two compilers that transform any two-party PAKE protocol to a two-server PAKE protocol on the basis of the identity-based cryptography, called ID2S PAKE protocol. By the compilers, we can construct ID2S PAKE protocols which achieve implicit authentication. As long as the underlying two-party PAKE protocol and identity-based encryption or signature scheme have provable security without random oracles, the ID2S PAKE protocols constructed by the compilers can be proven to be secure without random oracles. We initiate the secure process by verifying two-party protocol to two-server protocols on the basis of identity based cryptography. Authentication is the main factor of the project. Experimental result proves the effectiveness of the system.
Optimization over time-varying directed graphs with row and column-stochastic matrices

In this paper, we provide a distributed optimization algorithm, termed as TV-$\mathcal{AB}$, that minimizes a sum of convex functions over time-varying, random directed graphs. Contrary to the existing work, the algorithm we propose does not require eigenvector estimation to estimate the (non-$\mathbf{1}$) Perron eigenvector of a stochastic matrix. Instead, the proposed approach relies on a novel information mixing approach that exploits both row- and column-stochastic weights to achieve agreement towards the optimal solution when the underlying graph is directed. We show that TV-$\mathcal{AB}$ converges linearly to the optimal solution when the global objective is smooth and strongly-convex, and the underlying time-varying graphs exhibit bounded connectivity, i.e., a union of every $C$ consecutive graphs is strongly-connected. We derive the convergence results based on the stability analysis of a linear system of inequalities along with a matrix perturbation argument. Simulations confirm the findings in this paper.