Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification of Curcuma longa and Curcuma zanthorrhiza using transfer learning

Curcuma longa (turmeric) and Curcuma zanthorrhiza (temulawak) are members of the Zingiberaceae family that contain curcuminoids, essential oils, starch, protein, fat, cellulose, and minerals. The nutritional content proportion of turmeric is different from temulawak which implies differences in economic value. However, only a few people who understand herbal plants, can identify the difference between them. This study aims to build a model that can distinguish between the two species of Zingiberaceae based on the image captured from a mobile phone camera. A collection of images consisting of both types of rhizomes are used to build a model through a learning process using transfer learning, specifically pre-trained VGG-19 and Inception V3 with ImageNet weight. Experimental results show that the accuracy rates of the models to classify the rhizomes are 92.43% and 94.29%, consecutively. These achievements are quite promising to be used in various practical use.
Lasing action and extraordinary reduction in long radiative lifetime of type-II GaSb/GaAs quantum dots using circular photonic crystal nanocavity

We demonstrated the lasing action and remarkable reduction in long radiative lifetimes of type-II GaSb/GaAs quantum dots using a circular photonic-crystal nano-cavity with high Purcell factors. The associated enhancement in carrier recombination was surprisingly high and could even surpass type-I counterparts in similar conditions. These phenomena reveal that the type-II sample exhibited extremely low nonradiative recombination so that weak radiative transitions were more dominant than expected. The results indicate that type-II nanostructures may be advantageous for applications which require controllable radiative transitions but low nonradiative depletions.
Identification of Genomic Variants of SARS-CoV-2 Using Nanopore Sequencing

Background and Objectives: SARS-CoV-2 is the first global threat and life-changing event of the twenty-first century. Although efficient treatments and vaccines have been developed, due to the virus’s ability to mutate in key regions of the genome, whole viral genome sequencing is needed for efficient monitoring, evaluation of the spread, and even the adjustment of the molecular diagnostic assays. Materials and Methods: In this study, Nanopore and Ion Torrent sequencing technologies were used to detect the main SARS-CoV-2 circulating strains in Timis County, Romania, between February 2021 and May 2022. Results: We identified 22 virus lineages belonging to seven clades: 20A, 20I (Alpha, V1), 21B (Kappa), 21I (Delta), 21J (Delta), 21K (Omicron), and 21L (Omicron). Conclusions: Results obtained with both methods are comparable, and we confirm the utility of Nanopore sequencing in large-scale epidemiological surveillance due to the lower cost and reduced time for library preparation.
Convergence of stochastic processes

1. Many problems in probability theory, when properly formu› lated, appear as problems in the theory of convergence of stochastic processes. The need for such a theory was demonstrated by the early results of Doob [4], Donsker [5] and others. In their fundamental papers, LeCam [10] and Prohorov [ l l ] developed several aspects of such a theory. Their work was based on, and was a development of, the earlier work of A. D. Alexandrov [ l ] and Kolmogorov [9]. How› ever, several questions which naturally arise were either not discussed or discussed only under unnecessary restrictions. The following re› marks contain an outline of a general theory of measures on topologi› cal spaces. Only the statements and the appropriate formulations of the main results are given. The detailed proofs will be published else› where.
Determination of Background Distribution for Ground-Penetrating Radar Data

Ground-penetrating radars (GPRs) show promising results for subsurface buried target detection. However, the online detection as the GPR scans a region is a difficult problem, and the best performance requires to know the characteristics of the clutter and noise which affect the used test statistics in detection. In statistical detection methods developed for GPR, mostly Gaussian clutter assumption is used mainly due to its simplicity. In this letter, a low-complexity goodness-of-fit test suitable for online GPR detection is applied to experimental GPR data sets to determine the best clutter distribution defining the data test statistic. The distributions of A-scan energies after background subtraction are determined from different experimental data taken over notarget regions. The obtained results show that the GPR clutter for the tested experimental data is mainly gamma distributed than Gaussian. The demonstrated procedure can be applied to any GPR data set for the determination of the background distribution, for target detection, and for selecting detection thresholds properly for GPR applications and more realistic GPR clutter generation simulations.
Preparation of AlN-Al2O3 Composite Films by Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition

AlN-Al2O3 composite films were prepared by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition using an AlBr3-H2-N2-N2O-Ar gas mixture on a Si substrate. They were examined with respect to their deposition rate, microstructure, compositions, and refractive indices. Four crystallinity phase regions were observed by X- ray diffractometer as a function of N2O gas flow rate and substrate temperature: A, c-axis oriented AlN; B, lower-oriented AlN; C, amorphous; and D, amorphous +β-NH4Br. Composite films composed of AlN and Al2O3 microcrystals having an average grain size of 50 nm were detected by transmission electron microscopy observation. Refractive indices, optical band gaps, and surface roughness were also determined.
A Streaming Graph Partitioning Method to Achieve High Cohesion and Equilibrium via Multiplayer Repeated Game

With the advent of 5G era, Internet-of-Things will become possible, and a large amount of correlative data, namely the streaming graph (SG), is continuously generated in various application fields, which poses a great challenge to analyze and make good use of such graph data. The balanced partition of a big graph, especially a dynamic SG, has always been basic research in graph theory, and there are many classical methods. However, this article explores a novel method, that is, an SG $k$ -way partitioning via a multiplayer repeated game so as to realize the equilibrium of the total number of nodes in different partitions and achieve high cohesion or low edge-cut in each partition. We regard the SG partitioning process during each time window as a multiplayer game process, treat $k$ target partitions as game players, and use all possible actions that players select new nodes as the strategy set. Some effective constraints are given to reduce the strategy space and accelerate the game process. Moreover, we define equilibrium degree (ED) and modularity degree (MD), which are used to design the utility function of game players. All game players finally reach the Nash equilibrium via multiplayer repeated games. At this time, each player corresponds to a strategy. Under the guidance of these strategies, the new nodes are added to each target partition, and then the goal of optimal partitioning is achieved. The above operations are carried out in each time window. The subsequent time windows can reuse the partitioning results of the previous time window in order to realize dynamic incremental partitioning for an SG. Extensive experiments indicate that while ensuring the partition quality of an SG, our proposed algorithm also greatly improves the speed of online partitioning. Even compared with the state-of-the-art SG partitioning algorithm PLDG, our algorithm still obtains better performance.
Simple interpretation of shape evolution in Pt isotopes without intruder states

The most commonly accepted interpretation of the light Pt isotopes invokes the coexistence and mixing with proton intruder states from above the Z = 82 shell gap. Using an alternative description, interacting boson model (IBA) calculations are performed for the Pt isotopes with a simple, single configuration, two-parameter Hamiltonian. Excellent agreement is obtained for energies and electromagnetic transition strengths over the entire isotopic chain, spanning a wide variety of structures, and suggesting that these nuclei can be described more simply without the introduction of an intruder configuration. The Pt nuclei close to midshell are found to lie close to a region of phase/shape coexistence.
Contact properties and surface reaction kinetics of single ZnO nanowire devices fabricated by dielectrophoresis

This work describes the development of ZnO nanowire (NW) devices for ultraviolet detection and cost-effective gas sensing. A dielectrophoresis (DEP) flow cell fabricated for the integration of NWs on different substrates is presented. The system includes the possibility to set characteristic parameters such as alternating current (AC) frequency, amplitude or flow speed in order to control NW trapping on specific sites defined by micro-gapped electrodes. The electrical characteristics of the rectifying metal/NW contact fabricated by DEP are investigated in darkness and under direct illumination of the metal-NW interface through the ZnO NW. A significant downshift of the turn-on voltage is observed in the current-voltage characteristics during the illumination with photon energies higher than the ZnO bandgap. The reduction is attributed to a barrier height lowering induced by interface charge emission. The effects of AC bias on the thermal drift of the DC average current in NW devices are also discussed. Finally, the reaction kinetics of ethanol and water vapors on the NW surface are compared through the analysis of the DC current under direct exposure to gas flows. Device responses to more complex compound mixtures such as coffee or mint are also monitored over time, showing different performance in both cases.
Lack of bombesin receptor-activated protein homologous protein impairs hippocampal synaptic plasticity and promotes chronic unpredictable mild stress induced behavioral changes in mice

Abstract Bombesin receptor-activated protein (BRAP) and its homologous protein in mice, which is encoded by bc004004 gene, were expressed abundantly in brain tissues with unknown functions. We treated bc004004-/- mice with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) to test whether those mice were more vulnerable to stress-related disorders. The results of forced swimming test, sucrose preference test, and open field test showed that after being treated with CUMS for 28 days or 35 days both bc004004-/- and bc004004+/+ mice exhibited behavioural changes and there was no significant difference between bc004004+/+ and bc004004-/-. However, behavioural changes were observed only in bc004004-/- mice after being exposed to CUMS for 21 days, but not in bc004004+/+ after 21-day CUMS exposure, indicating that lack of BRAP homologous protein may cause vulnerability to stress-related disorders in mice. In addition, bc004004-/- mice showed a reduction in recognition memory as revealed by novel object recognition test. Since memory changes and stress related behavioural changes are all closely related to the hippocampus function we further analyzed the changes of dendrites and synapses of hippocampal neurons as well as expression levels of some proteins closely related to synaptic function. bc004004-/- mice exhibited decreased dendritic lengths and increased amount of immature spines, as well as altered expression pattern of synaptic related proteins including GluN2A, synaptophysin and BDNF in the hippocampus. Those findings suggest that BRAP homologous protein may have a protective effect on the behavioural response to stress via regulating dendritic spine formation and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.
Parametric interaction of focused Gaussian light beams

A theoretical study is presented on the optimization of second harmonic generation (SHG) and parametric generation (PG) by a laser beam in a uniaxial nonlinear crystal. Numerically computed curves show the dependence of the SHG power, and the reciprocal of the PG threshold power, on the parameter l/b, where l is the optical path length in the crystal and b is the confocal parameter (determined by the focal length of the focusing lens and the minimum radius of the laser beam, assumed to be in the TEM00 mode of an optical resonator). The calculations take full account of diffraction and double refraction. In the absence of double refraction, the optimum focusing condition is found to be l/b=2.84. For PG the optimization of the crystal length l is also discussed, and curves are given showing the dependence of the threshold on l for the case in which signal and idler have the same losses. It is shown that the computed functions are also relevant to the mixing of two Gaussian beams and to parametric amplificat.
NIGHT SKY BRIGHTNESS AT OBSERVATORIES AND SITES

A model previously constructed for night-sky brightness calculations has been modified to allow for the curvature of the earth. The model has been applied to calculate the brightness at the following observatories: Mount Wilson, Lick, Mount Palomar, Kitt Peak, Sacramento Peak, Mauna Kea, McDonald, San Pedro Martir, Mount Hopkins, Mount Lemmon, Lowell (Mars Hill), Lowell (Anderson Mesa), Fick, Iowa, Van Vleck, David Dunlap, Anglo-Australian, Haute Provence, and Cerro Tololo. Calculations have also been carried out for the following prospective observatory sites: Junipero Serra, Mount Graham, Charleston Peak, Wheeler Peak, Miller Peak, San Benito Mountain, Lowell (Hutch Mountain), Lowell (Saddle Mountain), and South Baldy (New Mexico). The model is extended to calculate magnitudes in the B photometric band.
Effects of Different Orthoses on Neuromuscular Activity of Superficial and Deep Shoulder Muscles during Activities of Daily Living and Physiotherapeutic Exercises in Healthy Participants

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of different shoulder orthoses on the neuromuscular activity of superficial and deep shoulder muscles during activities of daily living (ADL) and physiotherapeutic exercises. Methods: Ten participants with healthy shoulders (31 ± 3 years, 23.1 ± 3.8 kg/m2) were randomized to receive a “shoulder sling”, an “abduction pillow” and a “variably adjustable orthosis” on the dominant side. With each orthosis, they completed seven ADL with and four physiotherapeutic exercises without wearing the orthoses. An electromyographic system was used to record the neuromuscular activity of three superficial (trapezius, deltoid, pectoralis major) and two deep shoulder muscles (infraspinatus, supraspinatus) using surface and intramuscular fine-wire electrodes. Results: The neuromuscular activity differs between the orthoses during ADL (p ≤ 0.045), whereby the “variably adjustable orthosis” mostly showed the highest activation levels associated with the worst subjective wearing comfort rated on a visual analog scale. In addition, differences exist between the physiotherapeutic exercises (p ≤ 0.006) demonstrating the highest activations of the infra- and supraspinatus muscles for assistive elevation and wipe across a table, middle for pendulum and lowest for continuous passive motion exercises. Conclusions: The neuromuscular activity of superficial and deep shoulder muscles differs between the orthoses during ADL and also between the physiotherapeutic exercises.
Near-Inertial Wave Propagation In Geostrophic Shear

Abstract An approximate dispersion relation for near-inertial internal waves propagating in geostrophic shear is formulated that includes straining by the mean flow shear. Near-inertial and geostrophic motions have similar horizontal scales in the ocean. This implies that interaction terms involving mean flow shear of the form (v·Δ)V as well as the mean flow itself [(V·Δ)v] must be retained in the equations of motion. The vorticity ζ shifts the lower bound of the internal waveband from the planetary value of the Coriolis frequency f to an effective Coriolis frequency feπ = f + ζ/2. A ray tracing approach is adopted to examine the propagation behavior of near-inertial waves in a model geostrophic jet. Trapping and amplification occur in regions of negative vorticity where near-inertial waves' intrinsic frequency &omega0 can be less than the effective Coriolis frequency of the surrounding ocean. Intense downward-propagating near-inertial waves have been observed at the base of upper ocean negative vorticity.
Measuring the fracture resistance of hard coatings

A way of characterizing cracking in a hard coating is described. Microscale double cantilever beams have been made by focused ion beam milling and compressed in situ using a nanoindenter. The method can account for frictional effects and is demonstrated first on single crystals of SiC and GaAs of known toughness, before studying cracking in CrN-based hard coatings. It is found that ultra-fine grained CrAlN/Si3N4 coatings have a toughness approximately twice that of a conventional CrN coating. Although grain-size effects are still unclear, in situ observations directly show crack interactions with particles of Cr and voids in the film.
On the dynamical evolution of rich galaxy clusters

The results of a systematic study of the dynamical evolution of rich galaxy clusters in the two-body relaxation phase are presented. The study includes two important ingredients in a realistic description of these systems: (1) anisotropy of the distribution function in the momentum space, treated in a self-consistent way, and (2) a mass spectrum, which in particular allows us to consider a continuous background of dark matter. The system evolution is described by the Fokker-Planck equation, which is solved by the moment method
Organophosphorus Pesticide Exposure at 17 Weeks’ Gestation and Odds of Offspring Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosis in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study

Prenatal organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are ubiquitous and have been linked to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, few studies have examined prenatal OPs in relation to diagnosed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with only two studies exploring this relationship in a population primarily exposed through diet. In this study, we used a nested case-control study to evaluate prenatal OP exposure and ADHD diagnosis in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). For births that occurred between 2003 and 2008, ADHD diagnoses were obtained from linkage of MoBa participants with the Norwegian Patient Registry (N = 297), and a reference population was randomly selected from the eligible population (N = 552). Maternal urine samples were collected at 17 weeks’ gestation and molar sums of diethyl phosphates (ΣDEP) and dimethyl phosphates metabolites (ΣDMP) were calculated. Multivariable adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between prenatal OP metabolite exposure and child ADHD diagnosis. Additionally, multiplicative effect measure modification (EMM) by child sex was assessed. In most cases, mothers in the second and third tertiles of ΣDMP and ΣDEP exposure had slightly lower odds of having a child with ADHD, although confidence intervals were wide and included the null. EMM by child sex was not observed for either ΣDMP or ΣDEP. In summary, we did not find evidence that OPs at 17 weeks’ gestation increased the odds of ADHD in this nested case-control study of ADHD in MoBa, a population primarily experiencing dietary exposure.
Ag-Decorated Iron Oxides-Silica Magnetic Nanocomposites with Antimicrobial and Photocatalytic Activity

Nanotechnology offers unlimited possibilities for creating effective hybrid materials, which combine functional performance in environment depollution and antimicrobial defense with a lack of toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and natural availability. This paper presents the silver effect on photocatalytic and antibacterial activities of double-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs), Fe3O4@SiO2/ZnO-Ag. The structural, morphological, and textural information of the, core–shell iron oxides-based superparamagnetic nanoparticles (IOMNPs) decorated with 5% Ag by ultrasound-assisted synthesis were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller physisorption measurements. Although two synthesis temperatures of 95 and 80 °C were used for the co-precipitated iron oxide cores, the XRD patterns revealed the formation of a single magnetite, Fe3O4, phase. The sorption–photocatalytic activities under dark and UV irradiation encountered a maximum removal efficiency of the MB (90.47%) for the Fe3O4@SiO2/ZnO-Ag sample with iron oxide core obtained at 80 °C. The rate constant for the second-order kinetics was 0.0711 min−1 for 2 h, and the correlation coefficient R2 closed to unity. Two samples with Ag-decorated hybrid SiO2/ZnO shell and hierarchically interconnected porous structure with large surface area (328.8 and 342.5 m2g−1) exhibited the best disk diffusion antimicrobial activity against four microorganisms, especially gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus.
NOAA-20 VIIRS On-Orbit Geometric Data Quality Estimation Using the Scheduled Lunar Collections

The second Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument aboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 20 satellite has been successfully operating since its launch on November 18, 2017. Since VIIRS does not include onboard calibrators to perform the on-orbit geometric data quality characterization for parameters such as the modulation transfer function (MTF) and band-to-band registration (BBR), the monthly scheduled lunar observations are used in this study. The radiometric property of the moon surface has demonstrated its long-term stability and it is also a suitable spatial target for the on-orbit calibration of remote sensing instruments. Using the commonly practiced methodologies, the VIIRS BBR results are derived in the scan and track directions. The initial trends show that the VIIRS BBR is very stable on-orbit within ±0.1 pixels in both scan and track directions meeting the highest requirements of within 0.2 pixels. Using the sharp edge of the moon, the scan-direction MTF at the Nyquist frequency was approximately 0.23. The MTF values are well above the specification of 0.3 in imaging (I)-bands and they are very stable over the study period, whereas the moderate-resolution (M)-bands results were slightly below the specification line as suggested by prelaunch test results. The scan-direction MTF estimations were consistently near 0.2 over four years of operations. Track-direction MTF values showed oscillations because of the annual cycle of lunar shadow angle and spatial features in the moon side. However, the track-direction MTF values met the specification with large margin.