Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Updated Bathymetry and Paleolimnology of Devils Lake, Lincoln County, Oregon

A bathymetric map and paleolimnological analysis were conducted on Devils Lake in 1994. New technology and sediment analysis techniques have made it possible to improve on the approaches used in 1994. The Devils Lake Water Improvement District (DLWID) contracted with MaxDepth Aquatics, Inc. to develop a new bathymetric map and to conduct another paleolimnological analysis of the sediments in Devils Lake. The field survey for the lake mapping and sediment collection were carried out in March 2005. The mapping was conducted using 25 m transects and the finished bathymetric map was positioned within a recent satellite Ikonos satellite image of the area. The updated map has a spatial accuracy of about 1 m. The sediment analysis showed that the sediment accumulation rate in Devils Lake has continued to increase and that the rate of increase appears to be nearly linear. The concentrations of carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen in the sediment all appear to be increasing as well. The analysis of the diatoms in the sediment core show that Devils Lake underwent a transition circa 1994 following the loss of macrophytes associated with the consumption by the introduced grass carp. The diatoms show a major reduction in taxa that typically grow on other aquatic plants and a corresponding increase in the proportion of planktonic diatoms. An analysis of cyanobacterial akinetes in the sediments shows that there has been a major increase in the density and deposition rate of akinetes in the recent sediments. This indicates that production of blue-green algae has increased. The results indicate that elimination of the aquatic macrophytes in the 1990s has resulted in an increase in planktonic diatoms and cyanobacteria. To reverse this trend, we recommend actions that will allow macrophytes to return to Devils Lake. Eilers et al. 2005 2 Devils Lake May 2005
A Comparative Study Of The Effects OfInput Resolution On The SWAT Model

Resolution is a sensitive issue in environmental modeling and geo-spatial analysis. This study utilizes the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model integrated with ArcView. The overall goal of this research was to determine how sensitive the SWAT model was to the resolution of input data. For example, input data layers that originated at 250m, 125m, 30m and 3m were resampled to 30m, 90m, 120m and 240m. Data was collected for the Alafia River watershed in the Tampa Bay Estuary in West Central Florida. Initial input layers to SWAT were: Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), soils and landuse; all analyzed for sensitivity at four different resolutions; viz. 30m, 90m, 120m and 240m. Landuse data photo-interpreted from 1:12,000 color-infrared digital ortho-quarter quadrangles (DOQQs) were obtained from the Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD). GIRAS landuse data was obtained from the EPA BASINS website at 125m resolution. Soil data at 30m resolution was obtained from Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO) and 250m resolution was obtained from State Soil Survey Database (STATSGO). DEMs were obtained from the EPA BASINS website at 90m resolution and from United States Geological Survey (USGS) at 30m resolution. This study makes no assumption that original resolution was in any way improved by resampling to higher resolution. Output variables tested were: model flow out, sediment out, total phosphorous (TP) out and NO3N out. From analysis of these outputs, it is evident that model outputs were, in fact, sensitive to the variation in input resolutions, some outputs more than others. Results indicate coarser landuse, soils and DEMs all tend to under-predict the higher resolution soils, DEMs and landuse at annual temporal resolution.
Autonomous Sailing Behavioral Learning high level Control Architecture

We propose a high-level, behavior-based control architecture for an autonomous sailboat that enables efficacy in mission execution under diverse weather conditions, maintaining energy autonomy, while allowing the use of data driven models for learning behavioral tasks. Inspired by subsumption, this novel architecture employs hierarchical behaviors acquired through the use of the proximal policy optimization, mostly known as PPO, which is a reinforcement learning based technique. Its validity and efficacy is assessed through digital emulation of the vessel’s behaviors in the Gazebo simulation environment, combined with the ROS framework and GYM Gazebo, thus mitigating complexities and costs associated with real-world sailing operations. The successful results facilitate the creation of a resilient and versatile sailing vessel capable of handling missions without requiring the user to master navigation specifics, naval procedures, or corner cases.
The Moderating Role of Adult Connections in High School Students' Sense of School Belonging.

THE MODERATING ROLE OF ADULT CONNECTIONS IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ SENSE OF SCHOOL BELONGING by Amy Dutton Tillery Researchers have demonstrated that students who had a strong sense of school belonging exhibited greater academic motivation and performance (E. Anderman, 2002; Faircloth & Hamm, 2005), had fewer emotional and behavioral difficulties (Furrer & Skinner, 2003; McMahon, Singh, Garner, & Benhorin; 2004), and were less likely to dropout of school (Fredricks, Blumenfeld, & Paris, 2004; Knesting, 2008). Limited attention has been given to the potential factors that promote school belonging, especially in high school students. The purpose of this research was to examine the unique influence of adult connections on high school students’ sense of school belonging utilizing the framework of self-determination theory. The role of adult connections was examined as a moderator of the relations between five student risk factors (behavior problems, peer problems, minority ethnicity, male gender, and poverty) and school belonging. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from a survey completed by 368 ninth grade students. The survey consisted of items from existing instruments, including the Psychological Sense of School Membership (Goodenow, 1993a), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman, Meltzer, & Bailey, 2003), and the Basic Need Satisfaction in Relationships Scale (La Guardia, Ryan, Couchman, & Deci, 2000). Hierarchical regression analyses confirmed study hypotheses by indicating that adult connections was a significant predictor of the students’ sense of school belonging and significantly moderated the relationship between school belonging and behavior problems (p < .05). Additional analyses indicated that adult connections accounted for more of the variance in school belonging for males than for females. These findings supported the importance of adult connections in high school students’ sense of school belonging. Future research should address the relationship between adult connections and school belonging as it evolves over students’ high school careers. THE MODERATING ROLE OF ADULT CONNECTIONS IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ SENSE OF SCHOOL BELONGING by Amy Dutton Tillery
Unique manifestations of mixed‐phase cloud microphysics over Ross Island and the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica

Spaceborne radar and lidar observations from the CloudSat and CALIPSO satellites are used to compare seasonal variations in the microphysical and radiative properties of clouds over Ross Island, Antarctica, with two contrasting Arctic atmospheric observatories located in Barrow, Alaska, and Summit, Greenland. At Ross Island, downstream from recurrent intrusions of marine air over the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and eastern Ross Ice Shelf, clouds exhibit a tendency toward the greatest geometrical thickness and coldest temperatures in summer, the largest average ice water content, IWC, at low altitude during summer and autumn, the most abundant IWC at cold mixed‐phase temperatures (−40°C
LLM for NVIDIA SDKs

This paper introduces an AI-driven language model (LLM) designed to facilitate users' comprehension and adept usage of different NVIDIA SDKs (Software Development Kits) and toolkits. The central goal is to provide a LLM which establishes an interactive and intuitive platform that offers inclusive insights, practical illustrations, and expert direction on NVIDIA's diverse SDKs and toolkits. Harnessing the capabilities of language models and NVIDIA's toolkits, this study strives to streamline developers' learning process, enabling them to harness NVIDIA's technological advancements with enhanced proficiency.
PERSONALITY PROCESSES AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Needs and Subjective Well-Being Around the World

Across a sample of 123 countries, we examined the association between the fulfillment of needs and subjective well-being (SWB), including life evaluation, positive feelings, and negative feelings. Need fulfillment was consistently associated with SWB across world regions. Life evaluation was most associated with fulfilling basic needs; positive feelings were most associated with social and respect needs; and negative feelings were most associated with basic, respect, and autonomy needs. Societal need fulfillment predicted SWB, particularly for life evaluation, beyond individuals’ fulfillment of their own needs, indicating the desirability of living in a flourishing society. In addition, the associations of SWB with the fulfillment of specific needs were largely independent of whether other needs were fulfilled. These trends persisted when household income was taken into account. The emergent ordering of need fulfillment for psychosocial needs were fairly consistent across country conditions, but the fulfillment of basic and safety needs were contingent on country membership.
PERSONALITY PROCESSES AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Moral Identity and the Experience of Moral Elevation in Response to Acts of Uncommon Goodness

Four studies using survey and experimental designs examined whether people whose moral identity is highly self-defining are more susceptible to experiencing a state of moral elevation after being exposed to acts of uncommon moral goodness. Moral elevation consists of a suite of responses that motivate prosocial action tendencies. Study 1 showed that people higher (vs. lower) in moral identity centrality reported experiencing more intense elevating emotions, had more positive views of humanity, and were more desirous of becoming a better person after reading about an act of uncommon goodness than about a merely positive situation or an act of common benevolence. Study 2 showed that those high in moral identity centrality were more likely to recall acts of moral goodness and experience moral elevation in response to such events more strongly. These experiences were positively related to self-reported prosocial behavior. Study 3 showed a direct effect on behavior using manipulated, rather than measured, moral identity centrality. Study 4 replicated the effect of moral identity on the states of elevation as well as on self-reported physical sensations and showed that the elevation mediates the relationship between moral identity, witnessing uncommon goodness, and prosocial behavior.
PERSONALITY PROCESSES AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Are Traits Useful ? Explaining Trait Manifestations as Tools in the Pursuit of Goals

Traits and motivation mainly have been treated separately for almost a century. The purpose of these studies is to test the proposal that traits and motivation are intricately linked. Specifically, that 1 explanation for traits, at least in terms of their descriptiveness of what people actually do, is the goals people pursue. Study 1 used experience-sampling methodology to show that almost half the variance in extraversion and conscientiousness manifestation was explained by goal pursuit differences. Both why people enacted more of extraversion and/or conscientiousness than others, and why people enacted extraversion and/or conscientiousness at any given moment were explained by the goals people were pursuing at those moments. Study 2 used experimental methodology to show that extraversion and conscientiousness enactment was in fact caused by the goal pursuit. Study 3 employed observer ratings to show that the goal-dependent enactments of traits were observer-verified actual behaviors. In all 3 studies, different goals affected different traits discriminatively. Thus, these findings provided strong evidence for 1 explanation of traits, that they are useful for accomplishing goals. These findings provided 1 answer to long-standing questions about the conceptual relations between traits and motivation. And these findings clarified the meaning and nature of extraversion and conscientiousness by revealing part of what these traits are for.
Grit: Perseverance and Passion for Long-term Goals

" Compared with what we ought to be, we are only half awake. Our fires are damped, our drafts are checked…men the world over possess amounts of resource, which only exceptional individuals push to their extremes of use. " In 1907, psychologist and philosopher William James suggested that talents were different from the strengths of character required to fully exploit those talents. For his entire distinguished career, James was fascinated with why only a handful of individuals realize the limits of their potential while the rest of us fall far short of what we could be. As a psychologist at the University of Pennsylvania, I have taken up James's question of why some individuals accomplish more than others of equal talent. My research suggests tha one personal quality is shared by the most prominent lead in every field: grit. What is grit? Grit is perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Grit entails working strenuously toward challenges, maintaining both effort and interest over years and years—despite failure, adversity, and even just stalls in progress. The gritty individual approaches achievement as a marathon; his advantage is stamina. Whereas disappointment or boredom signals to others that it is time to change trajectory and cut losses, the gritty individual stays the course. The idea that grit might be essential to high achievement evolved during interviews with professionals in a variety of fields unrelated to sports, including investment banking, painting, journalism, academia, medicine, and law. Asked what quality distinguishes star performers in their respective fields, these individuals cited grit or a close synonym as often as they mentioned raw talent. In fact, many were awed by t t ers he achievements of peers who did not at first seem as gifted as others but whose sustained commitment to their ambitions was exceptional. Likewise, many noted with surprise that prodigiously gifted peers did not end up at the top of their field. Encouraged by these interviews, my colleagues and I developed a self-report questionnaire to measure grit. A version of this questionnaire is available at www.gritstudy. com, and includes questions about how consistent an individual's interests tend to be over the long-term, and how the person reacts to disappointment and
Oceanic Rain Rate Retrievals Using TRMM Microwave Imager Multi-Channel Brightness Temperatures During the 1998 SCSMEX

The purpose of this paper is to retrieve the oceanic rain rate (RR) over waters near Taiwan and Luzon from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) multi-channel brightness temperatures (Tbs). In addition to improving heavy rainfall forecasting by providing quantitative oceanic RR estimates and possible movement direction of Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs), another objective of this paper is to overcome the lack of oceanic conventional observations in heavy rainfall forecasting during the Mei-Yu season. Rainfall caused by MCSs during the 1998 South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX) was studied using TMI nine-channel Tbs, the hourly RR from ground rain gauges, and Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS) infrared (IR) Tbs. In this paper, the domain ranges from 110°E to 130°DE and from 15°N to 30°N. Two oceanic RR retrievals taken on 3 June 1998 are shown and examined. The results show that a TMI nine-channel Tbs-RR equation can retrieve the amounts of heavy rainfall caused by the MCSs that often occur during the summer monsoon season in southeastern China, the northern part of the South China Sea, Luzon, and southern Taiwan. The RR retrievals were quantitatively consistent with the rainfall observations made on nearbyislands. The GMS IR Tb 240K isotherms included most of the TMI microwave (MW) Tbs retrieved rainfall region. The heaviest rainfall region wasmore or less included in the area where the IR Tb was colder than 210K. The region had a tendency to be concentrated in the forward part of the MCS in the direction of its movement. Moreover, analyses of the rainfall events that occurred in southern Taiwan during the SCSMEX period show that there was local rainfall enhancement caused by the orographic features of the island.
Leveraging Data Plane Acceleration for Network Coding Deployment: A Measurement Study

This paper focuses on integrating Data Plane Development Kit (DPDK) and Service Function Chaining (SFC) on the OpenStack cloud OS to support network coding, enabling the OpenStack instance to function as a virtualized network coding service. The main points are: comparing OpenvSwitch-DPDK with native OpenvSwitch to confirm DPDK's significant network throughput improvement, using SFC to arrange packet processing sequences of instances for varying network coding functionalities, and combining OpenvSwitch and the kernel inside each instance to enable network coding. Performance evaluation and results analysis are presented, demonstrating the feasibility of network coding as a service on any virtual machine with a commodity CPU. Future work includes advancing network coding function virtualization with more automation and intelligence.
Effects of a wastewater outfall in a rocky intertidal community

Effects of a wastewater outfall in a rocky intertidal community Karen M. Warburton The Crescent City wastewater treatment facility services a small community on the northern coast of California, where treated wastewater is discharged into a rocky intertidal community. A biological assessment of the habitat was conducted to determine if the released effluent had a negative impact on the intertidal community. I predicted the community composition at the outfall site would differ when compared to a site not subjected to an outfall. I also expected to detect a gradient in community composition moving away from the outfall. Enderts Beach was selected as a control site because it is in close geographic proximity and is similar to the discharge site in elevation, wave exposure and microtopography. Three sampling events occurred in August 2002, April 2003, and August 2003, during which, I obtained thirty samples at each site. Descriptive statistics comparisons showed no significant differences between sites. However, differences in community composition were detected between the two sites. A number of confounding factors may have influenced the statistical results of the study. The type of sampling design utilized during this study provided no means of determining why the differences occurred. However, there was no obvious
Molecular Simulations of Ion Channels: a Quantum Chemist's Perspective. Highlights from the Literature Highlights from the Literature Development of a Drug Screening Plat- Form Based on Engineered Heart Tissue

Exploring atomic resolution physiology on a femtosecond to millisecond timescale using molecular dynamics simulations. On the functional significance of soft modes predicted by coarse-grained models for membrane proteins. Bahar I. Multi-scale electrophysiology modeling: from atom to organ. Question: What levels of spatiotemporal resolution can computer simulations provide concerning complex physiological functions? Background: Molecular dynamics (MD) are deterministic computer simulations that model the microscopic, dynamic interactions of proteins (and other molecules) to understand their physiological functions. Thus a view of the particle motions that take place during a physiological process is generated. These simulations are done various levels of representation that depend on the descriptions of the interparticle interactions. The " Perspective " series on Molecular Dynamics and Computational Methods in the June issue of the Journal of General Physiology offers a look into the current state, limitations, and future directions of four different levels of representation. Observations: At the highest level of representation are Ab initio (first principles) MD (AIMD) simulations. AIMD simulations take into account all of the interactions between atoms and molecules in a system at the quantum chemical level and integrate them into Newton's laws of motion to approximate their trajectories and compute interatomic interactions. By explicitly treating the degrees of freedom from the nuclei and electrons, AIMD produces exquisite resolution of the fundamental events that occur between ions and proteins at the atomic level over a broad range of time scales. Bucher and Rothlisberger describe the use of AIMD to provide novel insights into ion channel conduction and ion spec-ificity. Although AIMD simulations are useful for exploring the fundamental mechanisms of molecular physiology they are computa-tionally very demanding because they describe the interatomic interactions at the quantum level. To overcome these limitations , it becomes useful to reduce the computational requirements of an MD simulation by introducing an empirical force field, which approximates the inter-atomic interactions with empirically derived potential energy functions. Dror et al. discuss how these MD simulations explicitly treat all the atomic degrees of freedom of a protein, membrane, ions, and solvent to generate multi-microsecond trajectories of the fundamental mechanisms underlying membrane protein functions. Although this allows a description of larger bio-molecular systems than AIMD simulations over longer periods of time, the spatial resolution , and, in some cases, the accuracy may be reduced. Simulations of dense macromolecular systems are virtually impossible if all degrees of freedom and inter-particle interactions are taken into …
Prevalence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adult Individuals with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis

Background: There are no published studies on the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of NAFLD (assessed via liver ultrasonography) in adults with moderate-to-severe AD. Methods: We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study including adult patients affected by moderate-to-severe AD, moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis, or a previous diagnosis of thin melanoma in situ (considered as the control group) who attended the Verona University Hospital between January 2022 and April 2023. Fatty liver was assessed via liver ultrasonography. Results: A total of 144 adults with AD, 466 with chronic plaque psoriasis, and 99 with thin melanoma were included. The prevalence rates of ultrasound-detected NAFLD among patients with in situ melanoma, those with moderate-to-severe AD, and those with moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis were 23.2% (23 out of 99), 24.1% (36 out of 144), and 49.8% (228 out of 466), respectively (p < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis revealed that being of male sex, a higher age, a higher body mass index, and psoriasis were independently associated with NAFLD, whereas AD was not. Conclusions: Our findings show that the prevalence of ultrasound-detected NAFLD in patients with moderate-to-severe AD was comparable to that of patients with a previous diagnosis of in situ melanoma. It is plausible to hypothesize that the Th2-type inflammation typically characterizing AD is not a risk factor for NAFLD. Patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis, but not those with AD, should be screened for NAFLD and other metabolic comorbidities.