Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bag-of-Visual-Words Model for Classification of Interferometric SAR Images

This work introduces a well-accepted image representation model in image analysis, namely the Bag-of-Visual-Words (BoVW), to interferometric SAR (InSAR) images. As the low-level local features, Gabor- and fractional Fourier transform (FrFT)-based feature descriptors are used. The supervised classification results with BoVW-Gabor and BoVW-FrFT features are compared to those with global Gabor and global FrFT features. Although the global Gabor features are better than the global FrFT features, by the implementation of BoVW model, FrFT outperforms Gabor features. Also, the classification performances of different baseline acquisitions for the same scenes are compared. For each baseline, the mean and individual class accuracies are improved by using BoVW-FrFT features.
Structural and Psychosocial Syndemic Conditions and Condomless Anal Intercourse Among Transgender Women — National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Among Transgender Women, Seven Urban Areas, United States, 2019–2020

Psychosocial and structural syndemic conditions, including polydrug use and experiencing homelessness, frequently co-occur and might jointly increase HIV risk. Limited studies have assessed racial and ethnic differences in exposure to syndemic conditions and behaviors associated with HIV transmission among transgender women. This report examines the relation between syndemic conditions and condomless anal intercourse (CAI) among transgender women in seven urban areas in the United States to develop HIV prevention interventions for transgender women. During 2019–2020, transgender women in seven urban areas were recruited using respondent-driven sampling for a biobehavioral survey. Reported syndemic conditions (psychosocial: polydrug use, sexual violence, and psychological distress; structural: homelessness, incarceration, and exchange sex) were summed to create a syndemic score. Using modified Poisson regression to account for RDS, the study assessed whether the strength of the association between syndemic score and CAI differed by race and ethnicity. To assess additive interaction, the relative excess prevalence owing to interaction (REPI) and 95% CIs for selected pairs of syndemic conditions on CAI prevalence stratified by race and ethnicity were estimated. Of 1,348 transgender women (Black = 546, White = 176, and Hispanic = 626), 55% reported CAI; and 24% reported ≥3 syndemic conditions. Reporting additional syndemic conditions was associated with CAI for White, Hispanic, and Black participants. The association was significantly stronger for White than Black and Hispanic participants. Limited significant superadditive interactions were found, although the majority were between structural syndemic conditions. Racial and ethnic differences in REPI estimates were observed. Reporting more syndemic conditions was associated with increased CAI across racial and ethnic groups, demonstrating that HIV prevention efforts for transgender women should address structural and psychosocial syndemic conditions. Results differed by race and ethnicity, indicating that syndemic-focused interventions for transgender women should be tailored to racial and ethnic groups.
Factors of hospital ethical climate among hospital nurses in Korea: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction The hospital ethical climate refers to the ethical work environment within a hospital, which may positively or negatively impact individual nurses, nursing organisations and patient care. Most of studies investigating the hospital ethical climate among Korean nurses have been published in Korean. However, papers addressing the hospital ethical climate in Korean were excluded from the systematic review. To enhance our comprehension of the hospital ethical climate, a systematic review specifically focusing on Korean nurses is imperative. Additionally, it is crucial to ascertain the factors associated with the hospital ethical climate and their respective effect sizes through meta-analyses. Methods and analysis The systematic search will be conducted for papers published in both Korean and English, encompassing the hospital ethics climate of Korean nurses from 10 database inception to May 2023. Two reviewers will independently review each article based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and any differences in opinion will be resolved through discussion and consensus. The study selection process will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flow diagram. Quality assessment will be conducted using the Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies provided by Joanna Briggs Institute. Effect size will be analysed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software V.2. 0. The results of this study will identify factors related to the hospital ethical climate and the effect size of these factors among nurses in Korea. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required, as the data will be collected from existing literature. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO registration number CRD42022379812.
Assessing Global, Regional, and National Time Trends and Associated Risk Factors of the Mortality in Ischemic Heart Disease Through Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study: Population-Based Study

Background Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death among noncommunicable diseases worldwide, but data on current epidemiological patterns and associated risk factors are lacking. Objective This study assessed the global, regional, and national trends in IHD mortality and attributable risks since 1990. Methods Mortality data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study. We used an age-period-cohort model to calculate longitudinal age curves (expected longitudinal age-specific rate), net drift (overall annual percentage change), and local drift (annual percentage change in each age group) from 15 to >95 years of age and estimate cohort and period effects between 1990 and 2019. Deaths from IHD attributable to each risk factor were estimated on the basis of risk exposure, relative risks, and theoretical minimum risk exposure level. Results IHD is the leading cause of death in noncommunicable disease–related mortality (118.1/598.8, 19.7%). However, the age-standardized mortality rate for IHD decreased by 30.8% (95% CI –34.83% to –27.17%) over the past 30 years, and its net drift ranged from –2.89% (95% CI –3.07% to –2.71%) in high sociodemographic index (SDI) region to –0.24% (95% CI –0.32% to –0.16%) in low-middle–SDI region. The greatest decrease in IHD mortality occurred in the Republic of Korea (high SDI) with net drift –6.06% (95% CI –6.23% to –5.88%), followed by 5 high-SDI nations (Denmark, Norway, Estonia, the Netherlands, and Ireland) and 2 high-middle–SDI nations (Israel and Bahrain) with net drift less than –5.00%. Globally, age groups of >60 years continued to have the largest proportion of IHD-related mortality, with slightly higher mortality in male than female group. For period and birth cohort effects, the trend of rate ratios for IHD mortality declined across successive period groups from 2000 to 2004 and birth cohort groups from 1985 to 2000, with noticeable improvements in high-SDI regions. In low-SDI regions, IHD mortality significantly declined in female group but fluctuated in male group across successive periods; sex differences were greater in those born after 1945 in middle- and low-middle–SDI regions and after 1970 in low-SDI regions. Metabolic risks were the leading cause of mortality from IHD worldwide in 2019. Moreover, smoking, particulate matter pollution, and dietary risks were also important risk factors, increasingly occurring at a younger age. Diets low in whole grains and legumes were prominent dietary risks in both male and female groups, and smoking and high-sodium diet mainly affect male group. Conclusions IHD, a major concern, needs focused health care attention, especially for older male individuals and those in low-SDI regions. Metabolic risks should be prioritized for prevention, and behavioral and environmental risks should attract more attention to decrease IHD mortality.
Development of an Everglades vegetation map using a SPOT image and the global positioning system

SPOT multispectral imagery captured 10 August 1991, ERDAS image processing software, the Global Positioning System (GPS), and error analysis techniques were used to develop a baseline vegetation map of Water Conservation Area 2A, an impounded portion of the remnant Everglades managed for flood control and water supply. A hybrid unsupernised/supernised classification routine was performed utilizing the GPS for ground truthing and accuracy assessment. Differentially corrected GPS data were an essential part of the overall effort. Cluster busting techniques were utilized to properly refine confused classes, and Kappa statistics programs were used for error analysis. Results suggest a relationship between agricultural nutrient inflow and vegetation changes from sawgrass to cattail and/or willow monoculture in areas closest to the inflow
Study the Relation between the Incidence of Giardiasis and Some Epidemiological Factors in Some Regions of Baghdad City

In this work, the incidence of giardiasis was investigated in some regions of Baghdad. Different factors were studied such as age, gender, personal hygiene and eating habits, in order to find its correlation with the prevalence of giardiasis. The study was carried out during the period of April 2014 till March 2015. During this period a total of 375 samples have been examined. The total rate of infection was 68/375 (18.13%. The most frequent noticed clinical symptoms in giardiasis cases are abdominal pain 60.97%, diarrhea 41.46% and fever 35%. For the studied factors, each of the age, personal hygiene and eating habits showed a relation with the incidence of giardiasis.
Readmission to a non-index hospital following total joint replacement

Aims It is unclear whether mortality outcomes differ for patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery who are readmitted to the index hospital where their surgery was performed, or to another hospital. Methods We analyzed linked hospital and death records for residents of New South Wales, Australia, aged ≥ 18 years who had an emergency readmission within 90 days following THA or TKA surgery between 2003 and 2022. Multivariable modelling was used to identify factors associated with non-index readmission and to evaluate associations of readmission destination (non-index vs index) with 90-day and one-year mortality. Results Of 394,248 joint arthroplasty patients (THA = 149,456; TKA = 244,792), 9.5% (n = 37,431) were readmitted within 90 days, and 53.7% of these were admitted to a non-index hospital. Non-index readmission was more prevalent among patients who underwent surgery in private hospitals (60%). Patients who were readmitted for non-orthopaedic conditions (62.8%), were more likely to return to a non-index hospital compared to those readmitted for orthopaedic complications (39.5%). Factors associated with non-index readmission included older age, higher socioeconomic status, private health insurance, and residence in a rural or remote area. Non-index readmission was significantly associated with 90 day (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39 to 2.05) and one-year mortality (aOR 1.31; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.47). Associations between non-index readmission and mortality were similar for patients readmitted with orthopaedic and non-orthopaedic complications (90-day mortality aOR 1.61; 95% CI 0.98 to 2.64, and aOR 1.67; 95% CI 1.35 to 2.06, respectively). Conclusion Non-index readmission was associated with increased mortality, irrespective of whether the readmission was for orthopaedic complications or other conditions. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(1):60–68.
Patterns of proliferation and fibrosis in a rat model of endometriosis following administration of Allium cepa.

Objective Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease among reproductive-age women. Numerous hypotheses exist regarding the pathogenesis of endometriosis. In Turkey, the consumption of Allium cepa (commonly known as the "onion cure") is a popular treatment employed to alleviate a variety of gynecological disorders. Methods In this study, our objective was to assess the therapeutic mechanisms of the onion bulb A. cepa using an autologous endometriosis model in Sprague-Dawley rats. Previous research has shown that A. cepa possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic properties. We evaluated the pathological condition of endometriotic implants by employing hematoxylin-eosin staining and Ki67 immunohistochemistry analysis. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) have been identified as profibrotic markers that are highly overexpressed in endometriotic tissues relative to eutopic endometrial tissue. Furthermore, TGF-β1 influences the differentiation and progression of endometriosis. To quantify profibrotic activity, we measured TGF-β1 and α-SMA using the immunosorbent assay method. Results Lower histologic evaluation scores for endometriotic implants were observed in the group receiving high-dose A. cepa relative to the other groups. Ki67 expression was reduced following the high-dose A. cepa regimen, which consisted of 30% A. cepa and 70% normal feed. However, no statistically significant differences in TGF-β1 or α-SMA levels were observed among the groups (p=0.7 and p=0.778, respectively). Conclusion The findings suggest that A. cepa could serve as a therapeutic agent in endometriosis treatment, as evidenced by the reduction in proliferative potential. Nevertheless, A. cepa was not associated with significantly lower levels of endometriosis-associated TGF-β1 or α-SMA.
EXPRESS: The Children and Young People's Books Lexicon (CYP-LEX): A large-scale lexical database of books read by children and young people in the United Kingdom.

This article introduces CYP-LEX, a large-scale lexical database derived from books popular with children and young people in the United Kingdom. CYP-LEX includes 1,200 books evenly distributed across three age bands (7-9, 10-12, 13+) and comprises over 70 million tokens and over 105,000 types. For each word in each age band, we provide its raw and Zipf-transformed frequencies, all parts-of-speech in which it occurs with raw frequency and lemma for each occurrence, and measures of count-based contextual diversity. Together and individually, the three CYP-LEX age bands contain substantially more words than any other publicly available database of books for primary and secondary school children. Most of these words are very low in frequency, and a substantial proportion of the words in each age band do not occur on British television. Although the three age bands share some very frequent words, they differ substantially regarding words that occur less frequently, and this pattern also holds at the level of individual books. Initial analyses of CYP-LEX illustrate why independent reading constitutes a challenge for children and young people, and they also underscore the importance of reading widely for the development of reading expertise. Overall, CYP-LEX provides unprecedented information into the nature of vocabulary in books that British children aged 7+ read, and is a highly valuable resource for those studying reading and language development.
A Non-targeted Proteomics Newborn Screening Platform for Genetic Disorders

Newborn screening using dried blood spot (DBS) samples has made a substantial contribution to public healthcare by detecting patients with genetic disorders as neonates. Targeted measurements of nucleic acids and metabolites have played major roles in newborn screening to date, while the feasibility of new non-targeted approaches, including genome-wide DNA sequencing, has been explored. Here, we investigated the applicability of non-targeted quantitative proteomics analysis to newborn screening for genetic diseases. DBS protein profiling allowed monitoring of levels of proteins encoded by 2912 genes, including 1106 listed in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database, in healthy newborn samples, and was useful in identifying patients with inborn errors of immunity by detecting reduced levels of disease causative proteins and cell-phenotypical alterations. Our results indicate that application of non-targeted quantitative protein profiling of DBS samples can forge a new path in screening for genetic disorders.
Safety of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine batches: A nationwide cohort study

Background: The safety of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine has been extensively evaluated since the global rollout began. While serious adverse events are rare, safety issues continue to arise. This study evaluates the claim that earlier small vaccine batches were associated with higher rates of serious adverse events compared to later batches. Methods: A nationwide cohort study was conducted in Denmark, comprising individuals vaccinated with the BNT162b2 vaccine from 52 pre-defined batches classified into three pre-defined groups. Vaccinated individuals were matched 1:1 between batch groups on age, sex, and vaccination priority group. The study outcomes, included 27 serious adverse events, 2 negative control outcomes and all-cause mortality. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) comparing rates between batch groups in the 28-days following vaccination. We conducted two comparisons of the early small batches to two groups of larger batches used later in the pandemic. Results: In the study period, 9,983,448 vaccinations were administered from batches in the three pre-defined groups. Slightly increased rates of arrhythmia were observed in both study comparisons, HRs 1.25 (95% CI,1.05-1.50) and 1.15 (1.00-1.31), respectively, but sensitivity analyses did not robustly support these associations. For the remaining outcomes, increased rates in both study comparisons were not observed. Conclusion: This nationwide cohort study provides reassurance regarding the safety of the BNT162b2 vaccine across different batches used in Denmark. The findings support the overall safety of the vaccine, with no clinically relevant variations in serious adverse event rates between batches.
Augmentation varieties and disk potentials III

This is the third in a series of papers in which we construct Chekanov-Eliashberg algebras for Legendrians in circle-fibered contact manifolds and study the associated augmentation varieties. In this part, we prove that for connected Legendrian covers of monotone Lagrangian tori, the augmentation variety is equal to the image of the zero level set of the disk potential, as suggested by Dimitroglou-Rizell-Golovko. In particular, we show that Legendrian lifts of Vianna's exotic tori are not Legendrian isotopic. Using related ideas, we show that the Legendrian lift of the Clifford torus admits no exact fillings, extending results of Dimitroglou-Rizell and Treumann-Zaslow in dimension two. We consider certain disconnected Legendrians, and show, similar to another suggestion of Aganagic-Ekholm-Ng-Vafa that the components of the augmentation variety correspond to certain partitions and each component is defined by a (not necessarily exact) Lagrangian filling.
Simplified Shielded MEG-MRI Multimodal System with Scalar-mode Optically Pumped Magnetometers as MEG Sensors

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) conventionally operates within high-performance magnetic shields due to the extremely weak magnetic field signals from the measured objects and the narrow dynamic range of the magnetic sensors employed for detection. This limitation results in elevated equipment costs and restricted usage. Additionally, the information obtained from MEG is functional images, and to analyze from which part of the brain the signals are coming, it is necessary to capture morphological images separately. When MEG and morphological imaging devices are separate, despite their individual high measurement accuracies, discrepancies in positional information may arise. In response, we have developed a low-field magnetic resonance imaging system that incorporates scalar-mode optically pumped magnetometers with a wide dynamic range and exceptionally high measurement sensitivity as sensors for MEG. Operating at low magnetic fields eliminates the need for superconducting coils in magnetic resonance imaging and the high-performance magnetic shields essential for MEG, promising a substantial cost reduction compared to traditional approaches. We achieved a noise level of about $16\,\rm{pT/Hz}^{1/2}$ with a single channel magnetometer, and reached a noise level of $367\,\rm{fT/cm/Hz}^{1/2}$ through differential measurements. The system successfully conducted MR imaging on a phantom, demonstrating the potential of MEG and MRI fusion.
Rare Event Probability Estimation for Groundwater Inverse Problems With a Two‐Stage Sequential Monte Carlo Approach

Bayesian inversions followed by estimations of rare event probabilities are often needed to analyze groundwater hazards. Instead of focusing on the posterior distribution of model parameters, the main interest lies then in the distribution of a specific quantity of interest contingent upon these parameters. To address the associated methodological challenges, we introduce a two‐stage Sequential Monte Carlo approach. In the first stage, it generates particles that approximate the posterior distribution; in the second stage, it employs subset sampling techniques to assess the probability of the rare event of interest. By considering two hydrogeological problems of increasing complexity, we showcase the efficiency and accuracy of the resulting PostRisk‐SMC method for rare event probability estimation related to groundwater hazards. We compare the performance of the PostRisk‐SMC method with a traditional Monte Carlo approach that relies on Markov chain Monte Carlo samples. We showcase that our estimates align with those of the traditional method, but the coefficients of variation are notably lower for the same computational budget when targeting more rare events. Furthermore, we highlight that the PostRisk‐SMC method allows estimating rare event probabilities approaching one in a billion using less than one hundred thousand forward simulations. Even if the presented examples are related to groundwater hazards, the methodology is well‐suited for addressing a wide range of topics in the geosciences and beyond.
SpeechDPR: End-to-End Spoken Passage Retrieval for Open-Domain Spoken Question Answering

Spoken Question Answering (SQA) is essential for machines to reply to user's question by finding the answer span within a given spoken passage. SQA has been previously achieved without ASR to avoid recognition errors and Out-of-Vocabulary (OOV) problems. However, the real-world problem of Open-domain SQA (openSQA), in which the machine needs to first retrieve passages that possibly contain the answer from a spoken archive in addition, was never considered. This paper proposes the first known end-to-end framework, Speech Dense Passage Retriever (SpeechDPR), for the retrieval component of the openSQA problem. SpeechDPR learns a sentence-level semantic representation by distilling knowledge from the cascading model of unsupervised ASR (UASR) and text dense retriever (TDR). No manually transcribed speech data is needed. Initial experiments showed performance comparable to the cascading model of UASR and TDR, and significantly better when UASR was poor, verifying this approach is more robust to speech recognition errors.