Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Density of newly synthesized plasma membrane proteins in intracellular membranes II. Biochemical studies

Using two independent methods, incorporation of radioactive amino-acid and quantitative immunoblotting, we have determined that the rate of synthesis of each of the Semliki Forest virus (SFV) proteins in infected baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells is 1.2 X 10(5) copies/cell/min. Given the absolute surface areas of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex presented in the companion paper (Griffiths, G., G. Warren, P. Quinn , O. Mathieu - Costello , and A. Hoppeler , 1984, J. Cell Biol. 98:2133-2141), and the approximate time spent in these organelles during their passage to the plasma membrane (Green J., G. Griffiths, D. Louvard , P. Quinn , and G. Warren 1981, J. Mol. Biol. 152:663-698), the mean density of each viral protein in these organelles can be calculated to be 90 and 750 molecules/micron 2 membrane, respectively. In contrast, we have determined that the density of total endogenous integral membrane proteins in these organelles is approximately 30,000 molecules/micron 2 so that the spike proteins constitute only 0.28 and 2.3% of total membrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, respectively. Quantitative immunoblotting was used to give direct estimates of the concentrations of one of the viral membrane protein precursors (E1) in subcellular fractions; these agreed closely with the calculated values. The data are discussed with respect to the sorting of transported proteins from those endogenous to the intracellular membranes.
Conditional Estimation of HMMs for Information Extraction

The usual procedure of optimizing hidden Markov Models for data likelihood has undesirable consequences in information extraction: it focuses attention on the data rather than on the labeling task. Often, joint likelihood is poorly correlated with extraction F1. We demonstrate that optimizing the conditional likelihood of the target labels addresses these limitations and is more indicative of task performance. Comparing joint and conditional likelihood also helps to explain the empirical finding that, for IE, HMMs with fixed structures tend to outperform those with more flexible structures: fixed structures constrain EM to better optimize conditional likelihood.
An algorithm for identifying two unequal heavier / lighter coins out of n given coins

Counterfeit coin problem has been considered for a very long time and is a topic of great significance in Mathematics as well as in Computer Science. In this problem, out of n given coins, two or more false coins (the coins are classified as false because their weights are different when compared to a standard coin) are present which have the same appearance as the other coins. This problem belongs to the class of combinatorial group testing problem which finds several applications in hidden graph construction problem etc. In this paper, we have constructed an optimal algorithm to determine two false coins out of a given number of coins. In addition, our objective is to solve the problem in minimum number of comparisons with the help of an equal arm balance. Our proposed algorithm is able to find out the fake coins using O(log n) comparisons.
Generating Operating Procedures for Chemical Process Plants

Operating procedure synthesis (OPS) has been used to generate plant operating procedures for chemical plants. However, the application of AI planning to this domain has been rarely considered, and when it has the scope of the system used has limited it to solving “toy” problems. This paper describes the application of state‐of‐the‐art AI planning techniques to the generation of operating procedures for chemical plant as part of the INT‐OP project at the Universities of Salford and Loughborough. The CEP planner is outlined and its application to a double effect evaporator test rig is discussed in detail. Particular attention is paid to the issues involved in domain modelling, requiring the description of the domain, development of AI planning operators, the definition of safety restrictions, and the definition of the problem. There is then a presentation of the results, lessons learned and problems still remaining.
High Risk Human Papillomavirus Genotyping in Clinical Samples: Evaluation of Different Commercial Tests

The aim of the present study is to compare the performance of several commercial human papillomavirus (HPV) tests in a cohort of 281 women. The hybrid capture II, the PreTect-HPV-Proofer, the linear array, and DR.HPV™IVD were utilized to detect and type HPV in parallel with in-house PCR tests followed by direct automated sequencing or by sub-cloning and sequencing. The concordance levels along with other tests were evaluated with a Cohen's K value varying between 0.60 to 0.88, indicating good correlation with nearly perfect agreement between hybrid capture II, (HCII) and the linear array test. High sensitivity was recorded by the linear array and HCII with 100% (95% CI, 0.8021 to 1.0000) detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) III by both methods. Conversely, the PreTect-HPV-Proofer showed high specificity with 12% (95% CI, 0.7966 to 0.9163) positivity on normal samples. The genotyping analysis showed that agreement among tests was only low to moderate with great differences between different HPV types. Multiple infections were detected with poor concordance and sub-cloning assays revealed the presence of a lower number of HPV in comparison to the other methods. In summary, the use of different HPV tests applied to the same group of cervical smears may possibly lead to incongruent results, suggesting the need to standardize type-specific sensitivity of genotyping methods and the need to evaluate their accuracy in detecting multiple HPV infections. This would be a prerequisite for the use of genotyping assays in cervical cancer screening programs.
Social support in a wired world: Use of online mental health forums in Norway

This study explored the use of the four major Norwegian mental-health-related online discussion forums; who participate, why, and what implications use may have. The objective was to provide a basis for proposing relevant research questions and issues for public policy attention. A total of 492 responses to a web-based questionnaire were received. The respondents, predominantly women (78%) in the age range 18-35 years, found forum participation useful for information, and social contact and support. A majority (75%) found it easier to discuss personal problems online than face-to-face, and almost half say they discuss problems online that they do not discuss face-to-face. A majority would not have participated had they not had the option of using a pseudonym. Respondents perceive discussion groups as a supplement rather than a replacement of traditional mental health services, reporting no change in the amount or type of service used. A clear majority want professionals to take an active role in these types of forum. Comments from respondents indicate that forums may have an empowering effect. We believe that online interaction can have unique benefits for people suffering from mental disorders. Professionals will need new knowledge and perceptions of their roles, and public authorities will have to decide their role in influencing the quality of services offered, and the social values conveyed, to those who seek help through the Internet.
Molecular mechanisms of experience‐dependent maturation in cortical GABAergic inhibition

Critical periods (CP) in early post‐natal life are periods of plasticity during which the neuronal circuitry is most receptive to environmental stimuli. These early experiences translate to a more permanent and sophisticated neuronal connection in the adult brain systems. Multiple studies have pointed to the development of inhibitory circuitry as one of the central factors for the onset of critical periods. We discuss several molecular mechanisms regulating inhibitory circuit maturation and CP, from gene transcription level to protein signaling level. Also, beyond the level of gene sequences, we briefly consider recent information on dynamic epigenetic regulation of gene expression through histone methylation and acetylation and their implication on timed development of the inhibitory circuitry for the onset of CP.
Artifacts in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography of a Post and Core Restoration: A Case Report

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been accepted as a useful tool for diagnosis and treatment in endodontics. Despite a growing trend toward using CBCT in endodontic practice the CBCT images should be interpreted carefully. This case report presents a case that showed radiolucency inside and around a tooth which was free of pathologic changes under a dental operative microscope and conventional radiographs. A male patient was referred to an endodontic office for evaluation of radiolucency inside and around tooth #21 in his CBCT images. The post and crown over the tooth was removed and the tooth was observed under a dental operative microscope. Clinical examination as well as direct observation under a dental operative microscope showed no pathological lesions inside and around the tooth. The misdiagnosis was based on an artifact on CBCT. Despite the advantages of CBCT images as a great radiographic aid in endodontic practice, in the presence of metallic structures such as post and core the images should be interpreted with caution.
DETECTION OF X-RAY EMISSION FROM THE VERY OLD PULSAR J0108–1431

PSR J0108–1431 is a nearby, 170 Myr old, very faint radio pulsar near the “pulsar death line” in the P– diagram. We observed the pulsar field with the Chandra X-ray Observatory and detected a point source (53 counts in a 30 ks exposure; energy flux (9 ± 2) × 10−15 erg cm−2 s−1 in the 0.3–8 keV band) close to the radio pulsar position. Based on the large X-ray/optical flux ratio at the X-ray source position, we conclude that the source is the X-ray counterpart of PSR J0108–1431. The pulsar spectrum can be described by a power-law model with photon index Γ ≈ 2.2 and luminosity L0.3-8 keV ≈ 2 × 1028d2130 erg s−1, or by a blackbody model with temperature kT ≈ 0.28 keV and bolometric luminosity Lbol ≈ 1.3 × 1028d2130 erg s−1, for a plausible hydrogen column density NH = 7.3 × 1019 cm−2 (d130 = d/130 pc). The pulsar converts ∼0.4% of its spin-down power into X-ray luminosity, i.e., its X-ray efficiency is higher than for most younger pulsars. From the comparison of the X-ray position with the previously measured radio positions, we estimated the pulsar proper motion of 0.2 arcsec yr−1 (V⊥ ≈ 130d130 km s−1), in the south–southeast direction.
Analysis of T-DNA/Host-Plant DNA Junction Sequences in Single-Copy Transgenic Barley Lines

Sequencing across the junction between an integrated transfer DNA (T-DNA) and a host plant genome provides two important pieces of information. The junctions themselves provide information regarding the proportion of T-DNA which has integrated into the host plant genome, whilst the transgene flanking sequences can be used to study the local genetic environment of the integrated transgene. In addition, this information is important in the safety assessment of GM crops and essential for GM traceability. In this study, a detailed analysis was carried out on the right-border T-DNA junction sequences of single-copy independent transgenic barley lines. T-DNA truncations at the right-border were found to be relatively common and affected 33.3% of the lines. In addition, 14.3% of lines had rearranged construct sequence after the right border break-point. An in depth analysis of the host-plant flanking sequences revealed that a significant proportion of the T-DNAs integrated into or close to known repetitive elements. However, this integration into repetitive DNA did not have a negative effect on transgene expression.
Inter‐ and intra‐individual variability in performance near the circadian nadir during sleep deprivation

The study purpose was to assess inter‐ and intra‐individual variability in neurobehavioral function near the circadian nadir during sleep deprivation and conduct exploratory factor analyses to assess relationships among alertness and performance measures during sleep deprivation. Twenty‐five healthy individuals (16 females) aged 18–25 years participated. Participants were sleep deprived for two nights under controlled laboratory conditions using a modified constant routine procedure. A comprehensive battery of neurobehavioral performance tests, subjective sleepiness (SSS), and objective alertness (MWT) were assessed. Seventeen of the 22 neurobehavioral measures were impaired by sleep deprivation (all P < 0.01). The use of multiple neurobehavioral performance measures revealed impairments for all individuals during sleep deprivation. However, sleep deprivation effects were task dependent within and between individuals. Gender contributed minimally to inter‐individual variability in performance. Exploratory factor analysis reduced the 22 measures to seven independent factors. Our findings indicate that no individual was especially vulnerable or resistant to the performance impairing effects of sleep deprivation. Instead, inter‐ and intra‐individual variability in performance during sleep deprivation was task dependent. The finding that subjective sleepiness and objective alertness were not related to any performance measure during sleep deprivation suggests that these measures may assess independent brain functions.
A unified algorithmic approach to distributed optimization

We address general optimization problems formulated on networks. Each node in the network has a function, and the goal is to find a vector x ∈ ℝn that minimizes the sum of all the functions. We assume that each function depends on a set of components of x, not necessarily on all of them. This creates additional structure in the problem, which can be captured by the classification scheme we develop. This scheme not only to enables us to design an algorithm that solves very general distributed optimization problems, but also allows us to categorize prior algorithms and applications. Our general-purpose algorithm shows a performance superior to prior algorithms, including algorithms that are application-specific.
Hpall endonuclease distinguishes between two species in the Anopheles funestus group

The Anopheles funestus group consists of at least eight species that are currently identified mainly on morphological criteria. Until recently, only An. funestus s.s. was implicated in the transmission of malaria in Africa, but recent work in Tanzania has shown that An. rivulorum is also involved, albeit to a lesser degree than An. funestus. The constraints in the identification of the species and the need to clarify better their epidemiological role have led to the development of a PCR-RFLP method for the identification of two anthropophilic members of the group. Using PCR primers developed from the D3 region in the 28S ribosomal gene, amplified products were digested with the restriction endonuclease Hpall. This produced two distinct fragments on an agarose gel that could be used to separate An. funestus from An. vaneedeni. The technique needs to be tested on natural populations of these two species as well as on other members of the An. funestus group.
17beta-estradiol restores endothelial nitric oxide release to shear stress in arterioles of male hypertensive rats.

BACKGROUND Endothelial nitric oxide (NO)-mediated responses are impaired in arterioles of male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), but they are still present in female SHR. We hypothesized that in vitro incubation of arterioles of male SHR with estrogen will restore NO-mediated responses by upregulation of endothelial NO synthase. METHODS AND RESULTS Responses to increases in perfusate flow (from 0 to 25 microL/min) and to the calcium ionophore A23187 (5 x 10(-8) to 10(-6) mol/L), norepinephrine (NE; 10(-7) to 3 x 10(-7) mol/L), sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 10(-8) to 10(-6) mol/L), and adenosine (ADO; 10(-6) to 5 x 10(-5) mol/L) were studied in cannulated and pressurized gracilis muscle arterioles ( approximately 75 microm in diameter) isolated from 12-week-old male SHR before and after incubation with 10(-9) mol/L 17beta-estradiol (17beta-E(2)) for 16 to 18 hours. After incubation with 17beta-E(2), basal diameter of arterioles was significantly increased (by approximately 10%), and flow-induced dilation was significantly enhanced (79.8+/-2.9 versus 103.7+/-3.7 microm at 25 microL/min), resulting in a lowered shear stress (62.0+/-9.1 versus 32.5+/-4.2 dyne/cm(2)). Also, vasoconstrictions to A23187 were reversed to dilations (-18.7+/-2.2 versus 18.8+/-1.7 microm), and constrictions to NE were significantly attenuated (-30.7+/-3.0 versus -21.2+/-2.8 microm). These alterations were eliminated by ICI 182,780 (10(-7) mol/L), an estrogen receptor antagonist; 5, 6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (10(-5) mol/L), a transcription inhibitor; or N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (10(-4) mol/L), an inhibitor of NO synthase, whereas they were not affected by aminoguanidine (5 x 10(-5) mol/L), a specific inhibitor of inducible NO synthase. Arteriolar responses were not altered by incubation with 17alpha-estradiol. CONCLUSIONS Estrogen, via a receptor-mediated pathway, upregulates endothelial NO synthase gene expression, leading to increased NO production, and restores the regulation of wall shear stress in arterioles of male SHR.
Serum Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients: Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment

Background and Aim: Hypoxia, a major feature of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), modifies Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels, which contribute to atherogenesis and occurrence of cardiovascular (CV) events. We assessed and compared serum levels of VEGF and IGFBP-3 in newly diagnosed OSA patients and controls, to explore associations with anthropometric and sleep parameters and to study the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on these levels. Materials and Methods: Serum levels of VEGF and IGFBP-3 were measured in 65 OSA patients and 31 age- and body mass index- matched controls. In OSA patients, measurements were repeated after 6 months of CPAP therapy. All participants were non-smokers, without any comorbidities or systemic medication use. Results: At baseline, serum VEGF levels in OSA patients were higher compared with controls (p<0.001), while IGFBP-3 levels were lower (1.41±0.56 vs. 1.61±0.38 μg/ml, p=0.039). VEGF levels correlated with apnea-hypopnea index (r=0.336, p=0.001) and oxygen desaturation index (r=0.282, p=0.007). After 6 months on CPAP treatment, VEGF levels decreased in OSA patients (p<0.001), while IGFBP-3 levels increased (p<0.001). Conclusion: In newly diagnosed OSA patients, serum levels of VEGF are elevated, while IGFBP-3 levels are low. After 6 months of CPAP treatment these levels change. These results may reflect an increased CV risk in untreated OSA patients, which is ameliorated after CPAP therapy.
Countermeasure of Quantization Noise in IR-UWB System Based on Compressed Sensing

In order to decrease the impact of quantization noise in the low-speed sampling process of IR-UWB (impulse radio ultra-wideband) signal under the compressed sensing framework, based on the equal carry information of compression measurements and characteristics of Gaussian distribution, the paper designs three valid improved quantization mechanisms: overload uniform quantization, non-uniform quantization, and overload non-uniform quantization. It conducts full investigation of the influence factors of overload factor in overload mechanism and obtain the optimization scheme close to the optimal overload by fitting. The simulation results show that the three improved mechanisms all have great performance improvement compared to uniform quantization, and particularly the overload non-uniform quantization mechanism achieves the greater performance with the low realization complexity than the non-uniform quantization mechanism with high complexity, thus providing a practical quantization method for the IR-UWB system under the compressed sensing framework.
Recombinant Micro-organism For Use In Method With Increased Product Yield

The invention ribul Ross-1,5-bi-phosphate decarboxylase octanoic acid dioxygenase the (Rubisco) and phospholipid fire recombinant yeast cells that functionally express at least one recombinant, in particular two kinds of the nucleic acid sequence encoding the kinase (PRK) relates particularly to the transformation of yeast cells. The present invention relates to a further use of carbon dioxide as an electron acceptor in a recombinant microbial synthesis chemistry nutrition, especially eukaryotic microorganisms.
Assessing the impact of coupling on the understandability and modifiability of OCL expressions within UML/OCL combined models

Diagram-based UML notation is limited in its expressiveness thus producing a model that would be severely underspecified. The flaws in the limitation of the UML diagrams are solved by specifying UML/OCL combined models, OCL being an essential add-on to the UML diagrams. Aware of the importance of building precise models, the main goal of this paper is to carefully describe a family of experiments we have undertaken to ascertain whether any relationship exists between object coupling (defined through metrics related to navigations and collection operations) and two maintainability sub-characteristics: understandability and modifiability of OCL expressions. If such a relationship exists, we will have found early indicators of the understandability and modifiability of OCL expressions. Even though the results obtained show empirical evidence that such a relationship exists, they must be considered as preliminaries. Further validation is needed to be performed to strengthen the conclusions and external validity
Connections of the parahippocampal cortex in the cat. V. Intrinsic connections; comments on input/output connections with the hippocampus

The present report is the last in a series of papers on the connectivity of the parahippocampal cortex in the cat, which in this species is considered to be composed of the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices. Injections of anterogradely transported tritiated amino acids and the retrograde tracers HRP, WGA‐HRP, fast blue, or nuclear yellow were placed within the limits of the parahippocampal cortex. An analysis was made of the resulting pattern of anterograde labeling and of the distribution of retrogradely labeled neurons within the parahippocampal cortex. It appears that within the parahippocampal cortex of the cat a framework exists, which is composed of longitudinal and transverse connections, organized according to three principles: (1) Medially directed projections originate mostly in superficial layers, whereas laterally directed fibers come from deep layers. (2) The longitudinal connections span the entire rostrocaudal extent of the parahippocampal cortex, whereas the mediolateral extent of the transverse connections is in general more restricted. Based on the organization of these longitudinal and transverse connections four longitudinal zones are recognized. (3) The lateral entorhinal cortex (LEA) projects both within the entorhinal cortex and to the perirhinal cortex, whereas the intrinsic projections of the medial entorhinal cortex (MEA) are confined to the entorhinal cortex.