Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hand pains in women and men in early rheumatoid arthritis, a one year follow-up after diagnosis. The Swedish TIRA project

Abstract Purpose This research analysed general pain intensity, hand pain at rest and hand pain during activity in women and men in early rheumatoid arhtritis (RA). Method Out of the 454 patients that were recruited into the Swedish early RA project “TIRA” the 373 patients (67% women) that remained at 12 months follow-up are reported here. Disease activity 28 joint score (DAS-28), disability (Health Assessment Questionnaire = HAQ) and pain (VAS) were recorded at inclusion and after 3 (M3), 6 (M6) and 12 (M12) months. General pain, hand pain during rest, hand pain during test of grip force as assessed by Grippit™, prescribed disease-modifying anti-inflammatory drugs (DMARDs) and hand dominance were recorded. Results DAS-28 and HAQ scores were high at inclusion and improved thereafter in both women and men. There were no significant differences between sexes at inclusion but women had higher DAS-28 and HAQ at all follow-ups. Women were more often prescribed DMARDs than were men. In both women and men all pain types were significantly lower at follow-up compared to at inclusion and women reported higher pain than men at follow-ups. The pain types differed significantly from each other at inclusion into TIRA, general pain was highest and hand pain during rest was lowest. There were no significant differences in hand pain related to hand dominance or between right and left hands. Conclusions Disease activity, disability and pain were high at inclusion and reduced over the first year. Despite more DMARDs prescribed in women than in men, women were more affected than were men. General pain was highest and not surprisingly hand pain during active grip testing was higher than hand pain during rest that was lowest in both sexes. Although our cohort was well controlled, it was evident that hand pain remains a problem. This has implications for rehabilitation and suggests potential ongoing activity limitations that should continue to receive attention from a multi-professional team. Implications for Rehabilitation General pain and hand pain remain a problem in RA despite today’s early intervention and effective disease control with new era biologics. The extent of hand pain evidenced in our work gives a more detailed and comprehensive account of pain status. Higher hand pain during active grip testing than that during rest indicates a potential relationship to ongoing activity limitation. Hand pain assessment can help guiding multi-professional interventions directed to reduce hand pain and thereby probably reduce activity limitations.
The Ca2+/calmodulin2‐binding transcription factor TGA3 elevates LCD expression and H2S production to bolster Cr6+ tolerance in Arabidopsis

Heavy metal (HM) contamination on agricultural land not only reduces crop yield but also causes human health concerns. As a plant gasotransmitter, hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) can trigger various defense responses and help reduce accumulation of HMs in plants; however, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of H2 S signaling. Here, we provide evidence to answer the long-standing question about how H2 S production is elevated in the defense of plants against HM stress. During the response of Arabidopsis to chromium (Cr6+ ) stress, the transcription of L-cysteine desulfhydrase (LCD), the key enzyme for H2 S production, was enhanced through a calcium (Ca2+ )/calmodulin2 (CaM2)-mediated pathway. Biochemistry and molecular biology studies demonstrated that Ca2+ /CaM2 physically interacts with the bZIP transcription factor TGA3, a member of the 'TGACG'-binding factor family, to enhance binding of TGA3 to the LCD promoter and increase LCD transcription, which then promotes the generation of H2 S. Consistent with the roles of TGA3 and CaM2 in activating LCD expression, both cam2 and tga3 loss-of-function mutants have reduced LCD abundance and exhibit increased sensitivity to Cr6+ stress. Accordingly, this study proposes a regulatory pathway for endogenous H2 S generation, indicating that plants respond to Cr6+ stress by adjusting the binding affinity of TGA3 to the LCD promoter, which increases LCD expression and promotes H2 S production. This suggests that manipulation of the endogenous H2 S level through genetic engineering could improve the tolerance of grains to HM stress and increase agricultural production on soil contaminated with HMs.
Recent Advances in Detecting Mitochondrial DNA Heteroplasmic Variations

The co-existence of wild-type and mutated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecules termed heteroplasmy becomes a research hot point of mitochondria. In this review, we listed several methods of mtDNA heteroplasmy research, including the enrichment of mtDNA and the way of calling heteroplasmic variations. At the present, while calling the novel ultra-low level heteroplasmy, high-throughput sequencing method is dominant while the detection limit of recorded mutations is accurate to 0.01% using the other quantitative approaches. In the future, the studies of mtDNA heteroplasmy may pay more attention to the single-cell level and focus on the linkage of mutations.
Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Body Mass Index in a Large Sample of Middle-Aged Australian Men and Women

Dietary guidelines around the world recommend increased intakes of fruits and non-starchy vegetables for the prevention of chronic diseases and possibly obesity. This study aimed to describe the association between body mass index (BMI) and habitual fruit and vegetable consumption in a large sample of 246,995 Australian adults aged 45 + year who had been recruited for the “45 and Up” cohort study. Fruit and vegetable intake was assessed using validated short questions, while weight and height were self-reported. Multinomial logistic regression was used, by sex, to assess the association between fruit and vegetable intake and BMI. Compared to the referent normal weight category (BMI 18.5 to 24.9), the odds ratio (OR) of being in the highest vegetable intake quartile was 1.09 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.14) for overweight women (BMI 25.0–29.9) and 1.18 (95% CI 1.12–1.24) for obese women. The association was in the opposite direction for fruit for overweight (OR 0.85; 95% CI 0.80–0.90) and obese women (OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.69–0.80). Obese and overweight women had higher odds of being in the highest intake quartile for combined fruit and vegetable intake, and were more likely to meet the “2 and 5” target or to have five or more serves of fruit and vegetables per day. In contrast, overweight men were less likely to be in high intake quartiles and less likely to meet recommended target of 5 per day, but there was no consistent relationship between obesity and fruit and vegetable intake. Underweight women and underweight men were less likely to be in the highest intake quartiles or to meet the recommended targets. These data suggest that improving adherence to dietary targets for fruit and vegetables may be a dietary strategy to overcome overweight among men, but that overweight and obese women are already adhering to these targets. The association between fruit and vegetable intake and underweight in adults suggests that improving fruit and vegetables intakes are important for the overall dietary patterns of people in this group.
Creation and Interaction with Large-scale Domain-Specific Knowledge Bases

The ability to create and interact with large-scale domain-specific knowledge bases from unstructured/semi-structured data is the foundation for many industry-focused cognitive systems. We will demonstrate the Content Services system that provides cloud services for creating and querying high-quality domain-specific knowledge bases by analyzing and integrating multiple (un/semi)structured content sources. We will showcase an instantiation of the system for a financial domain. We will also demonstrate both cross-lingual natural language queries and programmatic API calls for interacting with this knowledge base.
Al-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) thin films by pulsed laser ablation.

Highly conductive and transparent aluminum-doped zinc oxide thin films were prepared by ablating the target containing 2 wt% Al2O3 with ArF excimer laser (lamda=193 nm). The films were grown at a repetition rate of 10 Hz, energy density of 2-3 J/cm2 and irradiation time of 10-60 min (6000-36000 laser shots). The optical and electrical properties of the films depend on the substrate temperature and oxygen pressure during film deposition. The lowest resistivity was found to be at 1.44 Wcm for films deposited at 300oC and in 1mtorr of oxygen ambient. The average transmittance was found to be in the range of 84-92%. Sharp decrease in transmittance and sharp increase in reflectance near the plasma edge in the near-infrared range are due to impurity scattering, which is caused by aluminum doping.
TMD current concepts: 1. An update.

UNLABELLED This, the first of two articles, addresses current concepts of aetiology, diagnosis and management of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The aim is to direct the reader toward a more evidence-based approach; specific treatment regimes can be accessed elsewhere. The concept of these articles is to encourage the reader to think about the wider ramifications of TMD, with specific relevance to their management in general dental practice. This article addresses current controversial concepts, including occlusion, tinnitus, hearing, speech defects and bruxism. The second part addresses the need for imaging and explores treatment concepts. TMD management in general dental practice is widely regarded as being a contentious subject, with several differing and often diametrically opposed viewpoints being aired, not only in relation to aetiology and diagnosis but also in relation to treatment. This uncertainty often prompts the dentist to refer for secondary care. Another recurring issue is the lack of adequate remuneration in the general dental services for management of the patients, for example by splint therapy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Sound, up-to-date knowledge in the treatment of TMD is essential.
STABILITY STUDY OF ANTIBIOTIC ( CEFOTAXIME ) IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS SOLUTION WITH VALIDATION OF ANALYZING METHOD

Objective: The objective of the present study is to check the stability of Cefotaxime in peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions containing 1.5% and 2.3 % dextrose solutions stored at different temperature. Method: Cefotaxime (CTX) 2gm vial were injected into 2 L bags of PD solution containing 1.5% and 2.3 % dextrose separately. Samples were withdrawn aseptically at different time intervals; Concentration was analyzed by a modified and validated spectrophotometeric method at λ 235nm. The linear relationship of modified and validated method was found in both 1.5% and 2.3 % dextrose PD solution with R2 = 0.992 and R2 = 0.997 respectively. Concentration of the admixture solution was taken as 100% at time Zero. Result: At 37 °C the initial CTX concentration declined to 86.78% at 24 hrs in the 1.5 % PD solution while the mean percentage of remaining drug in 2.3 % dextrose were 88.87% at 24hr. At ambient room temperature, the concentration declined to 89.18% during 24hours in 1.5% dextrose solution, while in 2.3% dextrose solution to 89.4% at 24hours. Similarly at 40°C the concentration declined to 86.45% in 12 hours in 1.5% PD solution, and to 85.08% in12 hours in 2.3 % PD solution. Under refrigerator, a mean of 98.2% and 98.56% remained after 168 hours for 1.5% and 2.3% solution respectively. Conclusion: The conclusion of the present study is that Cefotaxime 1g/L is stable in both 1.5% and 2.3 % peritoneal dialysis solutions for the respective periods of time necessary for dialysis. Thus this admixture can be used safely and effectively for the treatment.
‘ Outfit-centric Accessory ’ Design in Mobile Innovation

Mobile phone design and use is a good case for studying aesthetics in human computer interaction, since this technology provides intimate consumer interaction. Still, the ways in which such technology could attract to fashion oriented people, has been under developed. The industry is making efforts to approach this group by treating phones as accessories. However, to design a mobile phone as an accessory does not just mean to make a phone “beautiful” in a static way, but should allow for matching its appearance with users‟ outfits in a dynamic and interactive way. In this paper we present the concept of outfit-centric accessory and explore a possible way of realizing it in design practice. We present a demo of designing a „match‟ application and discuss the advantages and problems of the app. This study provides valuable insight on how we should design mobile experiences to enhance aesthetics close to our body.
Interplay between P-Glycoprotein Expression and Resistance to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stressors

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a phenotype of cancer cells with reduced sensitivity to a wide range of unrelated drugs. P-glycoprotein (P-gp)—a drug efflux pump (ABCB1 member of the ABC transporter gene family)—is frequently observed to be a molecular cause of MDR. The drug-efflux activity of P-gp is considered as the underlying mechanism of drug resistance against P-gp substrates and results in failure of cancer chemotherapy. Several pathological impulses such as shortages of oxygen and glucose supply, alterations of calcium storage mechanisms and/or processes of protein N-glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to ER stress (ERS), characterized by elevation of unfolded protein cell content and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR is responsible for modification of protein folding pathways, removal of misfolded proteins by ER associated protein degradation (ERAD) and inhibition of proteosynthesis. However, sustained ERS may result in UPR-mediated cell death. Neoplastic cells could escape from the death pathway induced by ERS by switching UPR into pro survival mechanisms instead of apoptosis. Here, we aimed to present state of the art information about consequences of P-gp expression on mechanisms associated with ERS development and regulation of the ERAD system, particularly focused on advances in ERS-associated therapy of drug resistant malignancies.
Localizing Global Medicine: Challenges and Opportunities in Cervical Screening in an Indigenous Community in Ecuador

This participatory research study examines the tensions and opportunities in accessing allopathic medicine, or biomedicine, in the context of a cervical cancer screening program in a rural indigenous community of Northern Ecuador. Focusing on the influence of social networks, the article extends research on “re-appropriation” of biomedicine. It does so by recognizing two competing tensions expressed through social interactions: suspicion of allopathic medicine and the desire to maximize one’s health. Semistructured individual interviews and focus groups were conducted with 28 women who had previously participated in a government-sponsored cervical screening program. From inductive thematic analysis, the article traces these women’s active agency in navigating coherent paths of health. Despite drawing on social networks to overcome formidable challenges, the participants faced enduring system obstacles—the organizational effects of the networks of allopathic medicine. Such obstacles need to be understood to reconcile competing knowledge systems and provide sustainable health care access in underresourced communities.
A close-up view of codon selection in eukaryotic initiation

ABSTRACT When given an option to choose among a set of alternatives and only one selection is right, one might stop and reflect over which one is best. However, the ribosome has no time to stop and make such reflections, proteins need to be produced and very fast. Eukaryotic translation initiation is an example of such a conundrum. Here, scanning for the correct codon match must be fast, efficient and accurate. We highlight our recent computational findings, which show how the initiation machinery manages to recognize one specific codon among many possible challengers, by fine-tuning the energetic landscape of base-pairing with the aid of the initiation factors eIF1 and eIF1A. Using a recent 3-dimensional structure of the eukaryotic initiation complex we have performed simulations of codon recognition in atomic detail. These calculations provide an in-depth energetic and structural view of how discrimination against near-cognate codons is achieved by the initiation complex.
Transporter-Mediated Disposition, Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Cholestatic Potential of Glyburide and Its Primary Active Metabolites

Glyburide is widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. We studied the mechanisms involved in the disposition of glyburide and its pharmacologically active hydroxy metabolites M1 and M2b and evaluated their clinical pharmacokinetics and the potential role in glyburide-induced cholestasis employing physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. Transport studies of parent and metabolites in human hepatocytes and transfected cell systems imply hepatic uptake mediated by organic anion–transporting polypeptides. Metabolites are also subjected to basolateral and biliary efflux by P-glycoprotein, breast cancer resistance protein, and multidrug resistance–associated proteins, and are substrates to renal organic anion transporter 3. A PBPK model in combination with a Bayesian approach was developed considering the identified disposition mechanisms. The model reasonably described plasma concentration time profiles and urinary recoveries of glyburide and the metabolites, implying the role of multiple transport processes in their pharmacokinetics. Predicted free liver concentrations of the parent (∼30-fold) and metabolites (∼4-fold) were higher than their free plasma concentrations. Finally, all three compounds showed bile salt export pump inhibition in vitro; however, significant in vivo inhibition was not apparent for any compound on the basis of a predicted unbound liver exposure-response effect model using measured in vitro IC50 values. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the important role of multiple drug transporters in the disposition of glyburide and its active metabolites, suggesting that variability in the function of these processes may lead to pharmacokinetic variability in the parent and the metabolites, potentially translating to pharmacodynamic variability.
Updated Trends in Child Maltreatment, 2013.

The data in the tables and graphs included below are derived from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS), which aggregates and publishes statistics from state child protection agencies. The most recent data from NCANDS were released in December, 2014, and concern cases of child maltreatment investigated in 2013 (USDHHS, 2015). http://www.acf. hhs.gov/programs/cb/resource/childmaltreatment-2013
A targeted approach to genome-wide studies reveals new genetic associations with central corneal thickness

Purpose To evaluate the ability of a targeted genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genes associated with central corneal thickness (CCT). Methods A targeted GWAS was used to investigate whether ten candidate genes with known roles in corneal development were associated with CCT in two Singaporean populations. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within a 500 kb interval encompassing each candidate were analyzed, and in light of the resulting data, members of the Wnt pathway were subsequently screened using similar methodology. Results Variants within the 500 kb interval encompassing three candidate genes, DKK1 (rs1896368, p=1.32×10−3), DKK2 (rs17510449, p=7.34×10−4), and FOXO1 (rs7326616, p=1.56×10−4 and rs4943785, p=1.19×10−3), were statistically significantly associated with CCT in the Singapore Indian population. DKK2 was statistically significantly associated with CCT in a separate Singapore Malaysian population (rs10015200, p=2.26×10−3). Analysis of Wnt signaling pathway genes in each population demonstrated that TCF7L2 (rs3814573, p=1.18×10−3), RYK (rs6763231, p=1.12×10−3 and rs4854785, p=1.11×10−3), and FZD8 (rs640827, p=5.17×10−4) were statistically significantly associated with CCT. Conclusions The targeted GWAS identified four genes (DKK1, DKK2, RYK, and FZD8) with novel associations with CCT and confirmed known associations with two genes, FOXO1 and TCF7L2. All six participate in the Wnt pathway, supporting a broader role for Wnt signaling in regulating the thickness of the cornea. In parallel, this study demonstrated that a hypothesis-driven candidate gene approach can identify associations in existing GWAS data sets.
The material move how materials matter in interaction design research

The topic of Materials has recently surfaced as a major theme within the research field of interaction design. In this paper we further discuss the need for in-depth descriptions of specific design cases, by revisiting some of our own research-through-design efforts when working with new or not yet fully explored materials for mobile interaction. We outline a series of design challenges that we see commonly arising in this domain, divided into three general themes; 1) affordances of hardware and casings, 2) experiential properties of different software solution, and 3) material properties of sensors, radio-signals, and electricity. Our main conclusion is that research in interaction design needs an extended focus on how systems are crafted from and together with properties of digital materials, and how new knowledge gained from those processes can be shared.