Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pattern Generation for Three Dimensional Cutting Stock Problem

We consider the problem of three-dimensional cutting of a large block that is to be cut into some small block pieces, each with a specific size and request. Pattern generation is an algorithm that has been used to determine cutting patterns in one-dimensional and two-dimensional problems. The purpose of this study is to modify the pattern generation algorithm so that it can be used in three-dimensional problems, and can determine the cutting pattern with the minimum possible cutting residue. The large block will be cut based on the length, width, and height. The rest of the cuts will be cut back if possible to minimize the rest. For three-dimensional problems, we consider the variant in which orthogonal rotation is allowed. By allowing the remainder of the initial cut to be rotated, the dimensions will have six permutations. The result of the calculation using the pattern generation algorithm for three-dimensional problems is that all possible cutting patterns are obtained but there are repetitive patterns because they suggest the same number of cuts.
A spectroscopic look at the gravitationally lensed Type Ia supernova 2016geu at z = 0.409

ZC acknowledges support from the Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion fellowship IJCI-2014-21669. AdUP acknowledges support from funding associated with the Ramon y Cajal fellowship RyC-2012-09975. DAK acknowledges support from the Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion fellowship IJCI-2015-26153. ZC, DAK and AdUP acknowledge support from the Spanish research project AYA 2014-58381-P. CG was funded by the Carlsberg Foundation.
The spectral slope and escape fraction of bright quasars at z ∼ 3.8: the contribution to the cosmic UV background

We use a sample of 1669 QSOs ($r<20.15$, $3.6<z<4.0$) from the BOSS survey to study the intrinsic shape of their continuum and the Lyman continuum photon escape fraction (f$_{esc}$), estimated as the ratio between the observed flux and the expected intrinsic flux (corrected for the intergalactic medium absorption) in the wavelength range 865-885 \AA\ rest-frame. Modelling the intrinsic QSO continuum shape with a power-law, $F_{\lambda}\propto\lambda^{-\gamma}$, we find a median $\gamma=1.30$ (with a dispersion of $0.38$, no dependence on the redshift and a mild intrinsic luminosity dependence) and a mean f$_{esc}=0.75$ (independent of the QSO luminosity and/or redshift). The f$_{esc}$ distribution shows a peak around zero and a long tail of higher values, with a resulting dispersion of $0.7$. If we assume for the QSO continuum a double power-law shape (also compatible with the data) with a break located at $\lambda_{\rm br}=1000$ \AA\ and a softening $\Delta\gamma=0.72 $ at wavelengths shorter than $\lambda_{\rm br}$, the mean f$_{esc}$ rises to $=0.82$. Combining our $\gamma$ and f$_{esc}$ estimates with the observed evolution of the AGN luminosity function (LF) we compute the AGN contribution to the UV ionizing background (UVB) as a function of redshift. AGN brighter than one tenth of the characteristic luminosity of the LF are able to produce most of it up $z\sim 3$, if the present sample is representative of their properties. At higher redshifts a contribution of the galaxy population is required. Assuming an escape fraction of Lyman continuum photons from galaxies between $5.5$ and $7.6\%$, independent of the galaxy luminosity and/or redshift, a remarkably good fit to the observational UVB data up to $z\sim 6$ is obtained. At lower redshift the extrapolation of our empirical estimate agrees well with recent UVB observations, dispelling the so-called Photon Underproduction Crisis.
A Randomized, Controlled Study to Investigate How Bovine Colostrum Fortification of Human Milk Affects Bowel Habits in Preterm Infants (FortiColos Study)

Background: Human milk does not meet the nutritional needs to support optimal growth of very preterm infants during the first weeks of life. Nutrient fortifiers are therefore added to human milk, though these products are suspected to increase gut dysmotility. The objective was to evaluate whether fortification with bovine colostrum (BC) improves bowel habits compared to a conventional fortifier (CF) in very preterm infants. Methods: In an unblinded, randomized study, 242 preterm infants (26–31 weeks of gestation) were randomized to receive BC (BC, Biofiber Damino, Gesten, Denmark) or CF (FM85 PreNAN, Nestlé, Vevey, Switzerland) as a fortifier. Stools (Amsterdam Stool Scale), bowel gas restlessness, stomach appearance score, volume, and frequency of gastric residuals were recorded before each meal until 35 weeks post-menstrual age. Results: As intake of fortifiers increased, stools became harder in both groups (p < 0.01) though less in BC infants (p < 0.05). The incidence of bowel gas restlessness increased with laxative treatments and days of fortification in both groups (p < 0.01), but laxatives were prescribed later in BC infants (p < 0.01). With advancing age, stomach appearance scores improved, but more so in BC infants (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Although there are limitations, a minimally processed, bioactive milk product such as BC induced similar or slightly improved bowel habits in preterm infants.
On Motzkin-Straus Type of Results and Frankl-F\"uredi Conjecture for Hypergraphs

A remarkable connection between the order of a maximum clique and the Graph-Lagrangian of a graph was established by Motzkin and Straus in 1965. This connection and its extension were useful in both combinatorics and optimization. Since then, Graph-Lagrangian has been a useful tool in extremal combinatorics. In this paper, we give a parametrized Graph-Lagrangian for non-uniform hypergraphs and provide several Motzkin-Straus type results for nonuniform hypergraphs which generalize results from [1] and [2]. Another part of the paper concerns a long-standing conjecture of Frankl-F\"uredi on Graph-Lagrangians of hypergraphs. We show the connection between the Graph-Lagrangian of $\{1, r_1, r_2, \cdots, r_l\}$-hypergraphs and $\{ r_1, r_2, \cdots, r_l\}$-hypergraphs. Some of our results provide solutions to the maximum value of a class of polynomial functions over the standard simplex of the Euclidean space.
Static behaviour of induced seismicity

Abstract. The standard paradigm to describe seismicity induced by fluid injection is to apply non-linear diffusion dynamics in a poroelastic medium. I show that the spatio-temporal behaviour and rate evolution of induced seismicity can, instead, be expressed by geometric operations on a static stress field produced by volume change at depth. I obtain laws similar in form to the ones derived from poroelasticity while requiring a lower description length. Although fluid flow is known to occur in the ground, it is not pertinent to the geometrical description of the spatio-temporal patterns of induced seismicity. The proposed model is equivalent to the static stress model for tectonic foreshocks generated by the Non-Critical Precursory Accelerating Seismicity Theory. This study hence verifies the explanatory power of this theory outside of its original scope and provides an alternative physical approach to poroelasticity for the modelling of induced seismicity. The applicability of the proposed geometrical approach is illustrated for the case of the 2006, Basel enhanced geothermal system stimulation experiment. Applicability to more problematic cases where the stress field may be spatially heterogeneous is also discussed.
Effects of the noise level on stochastic fractional heat equations

We consider the nonlinear stochastic fractional heat equations of the form $\partial_{t}u=\triangle^{\alpha/2}u+\lambda\sigma(u)\dot{w}$ with Dirichlet boundary conditions on the interval $[0,L]$, where $\dot{w}$ denotes the spacce-time white noise and $\lambda$ is the level of the noise. For $\gamma 0$. For $\gamma>0$, under suitable assumptions, we prove that the equation has a unique mild solution $u$ in the Banach space $B_{p,\gamma}$ and we show that the $p$th moment of $u$ is exponentially stable if the noise intensity $\lambda$ is small. We prove the results about some properties of the $p$th moment and $p$th energy of mild solutions and obtain the noise excitation indice of $p$th energy as $\lambda\rightarrow \infty$.
DECORRELATION TIMES OF PHOTOSPHERIC FIELDS AND FLOWS

We use autocorrelation to investigate evolution in flow fields inferred by applying Fourier local correlation tracking (FLCT) to a sequence of high-resolution (0.″3), high-cadence (≃ 2 minute) line-of-sight magnetograms of NOAA active region (AR) 10930 recorded by the narrowband filter imager of the Solar Optical Telescope aboard the Hinode satellite over 2006 December 12 and 13. To baseline the timescales of flow evolution, we also autocorrelated the magnetograms, at several spatial binnings, to characterize the lifetimes of active region magnetic structures versus spatial scale. Autocorrelation of flow maps can be used to optimize tracking parameters, to understand tracking algorithms' susceptibility to noise, and to estimate flow lifetimes. Tracking parameters varied include: time interval Δt between magnetogram pairs tracked, spatial binning applied to the magnetograms, and windowing parameter σ used in FLCT. Flow structures vary over a range of spatial and temporal scales (including unresolved scales), so tracked flows represent a local average of the flow over a particular range of space and time. We define flow lifetime to be the flow decorrelation time, τ. For Δt > τ, tracking results represent the average velocity over one or more flow lifetimes. We analyze lifetimes of flow components, divergences, and curls as functions of magnetic field strength and spatial scale. We find a significant trend of increasing lifetimes of flow components, divergences, and curls with field strength, consistent with Lorentz forces partially governing flows in the active photosphere, as well as strong trends of increasing flow lifetime and decreasing magnitudes with increases in both spatial scale and Δt.
An evading strategy for hypersonic vehicle against multiple interceptors via reinforcement learning

This paper proposes an evading strategy based on reinforcement learning for the pursuit-evasion problem considering hypersonic vehicle dynamics (evader) and multiple interceptors (pursuers). Analytical solutions are hard to obtain, so a reinforcement learning method is adopted for the vehicle’s guidance commands in evasion. To cast the problem to a Markov-Decision-Process (MDP), we first establish the motion model involves multiple pursuers and one evader. Moreover, we choose their positions, and velocities change in the three-dimensional space as the state transition, considering a proportional navigation interception guidance. Furthermore, the weighted sum of the zero-effort-miss perpendicular to line-of-sight and the magnitude of maneuver is chosen to be a reward function. After training using a PPO-Clip algorithm, a policy for evasion is obtained. Numerical experiments validate that the method we put forward can be used in the sequential evasion decision against multiple pursuers for a hypersonic vehicle.
Scaling laws for planetary dynamos

SUMMARY Weproposenewscalinglawsforthepropertiesofplanetarydynamos.Inparticular,theRossby number, the magnetic Reynolds number, the ratio of magnetic to kinetic energy, the Ohmic dissipation timescale and the characteristic aspect ratio of the columnar convection cells are all predicted to be power-law functions of two observable quantities: the magnetic dipole moment and the planetary rotation rate. The resulting scaling laws constitute a somewhat modified version of the scalings proposed by Christensen and Aubert. The main difference is that, in view of the small value of the Rossby number in planetary cores, we insist that the non-linear inertial term, u ·∇ u, is negligible. This changes the exponents in the power-laws which relate the various properties of the fluid dynamo to the planetary dipole moment and rotation rate. Our scaling laws are consistent with the available numerical evidence.
Valence quark and meson cloud contributions for the gamma* Lambda -> Lambda* and gamma* Sigma0 -> Lambda* reactions

We estimate the valence quark contributions for the gamma* Y -> Lambda* (Y=Lambda, Sigma0) electromagnetic transition form factors. We focus particularly on the case Lambda*=Lambda(1670) as an analog reaction with gamma* N -> N(1535). The results are compared with those obtained from chiral unitary model, where the Lambda* resonance is dynamically generated and thus the electromagnetic structure comes directly from the meson cloud excitation of the baryon ground states. The form factors for the case Y=Sigma0 in particular, depend crucially on the two real phase (sign) combination, a phase between the Lambda and Lambda* states, and the other, the phase between the Lambda and Sigma0 radial wave functions. Depending on the combination of these two phases, the form factors for the gamma* Sigma0 -> Lambda* reaction can be enhanced or suppressed. Therefore, there is a possibility to determine the phase combination by experiments.
The life cycle of star clusters in a tidal field

The evolution of globular clusters due to 2-body relaxation results in an outward flow of energy and at some stage all clusters need a central energy source to sustain their evolution. Henon provided the insight that we do not need to know the details of the energy production in order to understand the relaxation-driven evolution of the cluster, at least outside the core. He provided two self-similar solutions for the evolution of clusters based on the view that the cluster as a whole determines the amount of energy that is produced in the core: steady expansion for isolated clusters, and homologous contraction for clusters evaporating in a tidal field. We combine these models: the half-mass radius increases during the first half of the evolution, and decreases in the second half; while the escape rate approaches a constant value set by the tidal field. We refer to these phases as `expansion dominated' and `evaporation dominated'. These simple analytical solutions immediately allow us to construct evolutionary tracks and isochrones in terms of cluster half-mass density, cluster mass and galacto-centric radius. From a comparison to the Milky Way globular clusters we find that roughly 1/3 of them are in the second, evaporation-dominated phase and for these clusters the density inside the half-mass radius varies with the galactocentric distance R as rho_h ~ 1/R^2. The remaining 2/3 are still in the first, expansion-dominated phase and their isochrones follow the environment-independent scaling rho_h ~ M^2; that is, a constant relaxation time-scale. We find substantial agreement between Milky Way globular cluster parameters and the isochrones, which suggests that there is, as Henon suggested, a balance between the flow of energy and the central energy production for almost all globular clusters.
Promotive role of USP29-mediated deubiquitination in malignant proliferation of colorectal cancer cells via the KIAA1429/SOX8 axis

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is regarded as one of the most prevalent neoplasms worldwide, and ubiquitination and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification regulate the outgrowth of multiple cancers. This study attempted to explore the effect of ubiquitin-specific peptidases 29 (USP29) on the malignant proliferation of CRC cells via stabilizing Vir-like m6A methyltransferase associated (VIRMA/KIAA1429). First, upregulations of USP29, KIAA1429, and SRY-box transcription factor 8 (SOX8) were found in CRC tissues and cells through real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. After transfection of si-USP29, the proliferation of CRC cells was evaluated by the cell counting kit-8, colony formation, and 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine assays, and we observed that depletion of USP29 inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed the binding of USP29 to KIAA1429. Mechanically, USP29 mediated deubiquitination to stabilize the protein levels of KIAA1429, and KIAA1429 promoted the stability of SOX8 mRNA through m6A modification. Moreover, overexpression of KIAA1429 or SOX8 reversed the inhibitory effects of USP29 depletion on CRC cell proliferation. Finally, the xenograft tumor model revealed the promotive role of USP29 in the proliferation of CRC cells in vivo. Altogether, USP29 facilitates the malignant proliferation of CRC cells via upregulating the KIAA1429/SOX8 axis.
Frequency discrimination based on the different number of peaks in envelope detection of two‐tone continuous‐wave radar systems

This study proposed a method for distinguishing the baseband signal for each frequency in two‐tone radar systems using the difference in the number of peaks of the envelope detected signal. The proposed method is based on the characteristic that the baseband signal for each frequency exhibits a different number of peaks, depending on the operating frequency, at a fixed sampling frequency in data acquisition. The phase difference between the transmitting and receiving signals for each frequency can be obtained using envelope detection of the baseband signals in two‐tone radar systems, and the proposed method can effectively match the phase difference and operating frequency without using additional controls and synchronization. This simplifies the procedure to estimate the absolute range up to the maximum unambiguous range, corresponding to a phase difference of 2π. Measurement results demonstrate that the absolute range, using a two‐tone radar with a frequency spacing of 150 MHz, can detect the distance with an accuracy of 97.8% up to the maximum unambiguous range using the proposed method.
Mechanics of freely‐suspended ultrathin layered materials

The study of atomically thin two‐dimensional materials is a young and rapidly growing field. In the past years, a great advance in the study of the remarkable electrical and optical properties of 2D materials fabricated by exfoliation of bulk layered materials has been achieved. Due to the extraordinary mechanical properties of these atomically thin materials, they also hold a great promise for future applications such as flexible electronics. For example, this family of materials can sustain very large deformations without breaking. Due to the combination of small dimensions, high Young's modulus and high crystallinity of 2D materials, they have attracted the attention of the field of nanomechanical systems as high frequency and high quality factor resonators. In this article, we review experiments on static and dynamic response of 2D materials. We provide an overview and comparison of the mechanics of different materials, and highlight the unique properties of these thin crystalline layers. We conclude with an outlook of the mechanics of 2D materials and future research directions such as the coupling of the mechanical deformation to their electronic structure.
Anaerobic Fermentation of Silage from the Above-Ground Biomass of Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) and Maize (Zea mayse L.) As a New and Promising Input Raw Material for Biogas Production

Research of new input raw materials for biogas plants is a very actual topic. There are only a very few studies dealing with the possibility of using silage prepared from the above-ground parts of the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) and maize (Zea mayse L.) for methane production. This study deals with the determination of methane production and methane content in biogas during the fermentation of maize silage with dissimilar additions of the biomass of the Jerusalem artichoke (JA). Except for the effect of the JA’s addition on the yield of methane, we also studied its potential influence on the inhibition of the process of anaerobic digestion and the bacterial and methanogenic archaeal composition of anaerobic digestate. There were five model silages prepared; two of them contained only maize or JAs, and the remaining three were mixtures of maize and JA silages (30%wt; 50%wt and 70%wt). The fermentation tests showed that the JA addition (from 30 to 70%wt) resulted in the production of biogas decreasing, on average, by 15%. Based on the performed metagenomic analysis, we cannot confirm an essential influence of JA biomass addition on the composition of the community of microorganisms during fermentation.
The Respiratory Rate-Oxygenation Index predicts failure of post-extubation high-flow nasal cannula therapy in intensive care unit patients: a retrospective cohort study

Objective To investigate the applicability of the Respiratory Rate-Oxygenation Index to identify the risk of high-flow nasal cannula failure in post-extubation pneumonia patients. Methods This was a 2-year retrospective observational study conducted in a reference hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. All patients in whom post-extubation high-flow nasal cannula therapy was used as a bridge to extubation were included in the study. The Respiratory Rate-Oxygenation Index was calculated to assess the risk of post-extubation high-flow nasal cannula failure. Results A total of 162 patients were included in the study. Of these, 23.5% developed high-flow nasal cannula failure. The Respiratory Rate-Oxygenation Index was significantly lower in patients who had high-flow nasal cannula failure [median (IQR): 10.0 (7.7 - 14.4) versus 12.6 (10.1 - 15.6); p = 0.006]. Respiratory Rate-Oxygenation Index > 4.88 showed a crude OR of 0.23 (95%CI 0.17 - 0.30) and an adjusted OR of 0.89 (95%CI 0.81 - 0.98) stratified by severity and comorbidity. After logistic regression analysis, the Respiratory Rate-Oxygenation Index had an adjusted OR of 0.90 (95%CI 0.82 - 0.98; p = 0.026). The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve for extubation failure was 0.64 (95%CI 0.53 - 0.75; p = 0.06). The Respiratory Rate-Oxygenation Index did not show differences between patients who survived and those who died during the intensive care unit stay. Conclusion The Respiratory Rate-Oxygenation Index is an accessible tool to identify patients at risk of failing high-flow nasal cannula post-extubation treatment. Prospective studies are needed to broaden the utility in this scenario.
Fundamentals of the TianQin mission

This talk adds more detail to the proposed TianQin mission \cite{TQ}. The response of TianQin to a binary source is an important problem for the experiment. Here we present the detail of the response function of an equal-arm Michelson interferometer to the gravitation waves of a binary source with a circular orbit.