Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
British research into the increased vulnerability of young gay men to eating disturbance and body dissatisfaction

Forty-one young gay British males (aged between 15 and 25 years) and 47 heterosexual men were compared on measures of eating disturbance and body dissatisfaction. All participants completed a questionnaire containing a number of previously validated scales including EAT-26, the BSS and a series of line-drawings. Gay participants scored higher on all measures of eating disturbance and were more dissatisfied with their bodies. The gay sample chose ideal images that were significantly slimmer than the heterosexuals and were much more likely to show symptoms of a clinical disorder. Results from gay participants revealed strong correlations between levels of eating disturbance, self-esteem and body dissatisfaction whilst these relationships did not achieve significance for heterosexuals. The findings strongly confirm American research that suggests that gay men are particularly vulnerable to serious eating disturbance. Potential explanations and implications of these findings for gay men and those who work with them are briefly discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Capsaicinoids Modulating Cardiometabolic Syndrome Risk Factors: Current Perspectives

Capsaicinoids are bioactive nutrients present within red hot peppers reported to cut ad libitum food intake, to increase energy expenditure (thermogenesis) and lipolysis, and to result in weight loss over time. In addition it has shown more benefits such as improvement in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, improving vascular health, improving endothelial function, lowering blood pressure, reducing endothelial cytokines, cholesterol lowering effects, reducing blood glucose, improving insulin sensitivity, and reducing inflammatory risk factors. All these beneficial effects together help to modulate cardiometabolic syndrome risk factors. The early identification of cardiometabolic risk factors can help try to prevent obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
Fueling and Morphology of Central Starbursts

Of the mechanisms proposed to bring gaseous fuel into the central starburst regions of a galaxy, non‐axisymmetries in the gravitational potential set up by interactions or by bars are among the most promising. Nevertheless, direct observational evidence for a connection between interactions and bars on the one hand, and starburst (as well as AGN) activity on the other, remains patchy. These general issues are reviewed before proceeding to discuss, within this context, massive star formation in the circumnuclear regions of spiral galaxies, in particular star‐forming nuclear rings and pseudo‐rings. Such rings are common, and are closely linked to the dynamics of their host galaxy, which in almost all cases is barred. The possible existence of a population of nuclear rings on scales which are too small for detection with standard ground‐ or even space‐based techniques will be discussed.
Prediction models for exacerbations in different COPD patient populations: comparing results of five large data sources

Background and objectives Exacerbations are important outcomes in COPD both from a clinical and an economic perspective. Most studies investigating predictors of exacerbations were performed in COPD patients participating in pharmacological clinical trials who usually have moderate to severe airflow obstruction. This study was aimed to investigate whether predictors of COPD exacerbations depend on the COPD population studied. Methods A network of COPD health economic modelers used data from five COPD data sources – two population-based studies (COPDGene® and The Obstructive Lung Disease in Norrbotten), one primary care study (RECODE), and two studies in secondary care (Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoint and UPLIFT) – to estimate and validate several prediction models for total and severe exacerbations (= hospitalization). The models differed in terms of predictors (depending on availability) and type of model. Results FEV1% predicted and previous exacerbations were significant predictors of total exacerbations in all five data sources. Disease-specific quality of life and gender were predictors in four out of four and three out of five data sources, respectively. Age was significant only in the two studies including secondary care patients. Other significant predictors of total exacerbations available in one database were: presence of cough and wheeze, pack-years, 6-min walking distance, inhaled corticosteroid use, and oxygen saturation. Predictors of severe exacerbations were in general the same as for total exacerbations, but in addition low body mass index, cardiovascular disease, and emphysema were significant predictors of hospitalization for an exacerbation in secondary care patients. Conclusions FEV1% predicted, previous exacerbations, and disease-specific quality of life were predictors of exacerbations in patients regardless of their COPD severity, while age, low body mass index, cardiovascular disease, and emphysema seem to be predictors in secondary care patients only.
Breast Cancer Cells Isolated by Chemotaxis from Primary Tumors Show Increased Survival and Resistance to Chemotherapy

In this study, we have collected a migratory population of carcinoma cells by chemotaxis to epidermal growth factor-containing microneedles held in the primary tumor. The collected cells were subjected to microarray analysis for differential gene expression. The results show that anti-apoptotic genes are up-regulated and pro-apoptotic genes are down-regulated coordinately in the migratory subpopulation. Induction of apoptosis by doxorubicin, cisplatin, and etoposide in these cells demonstrates that they exhibit a lower drug-induced apoptotic index and lower cell death compared with carcinoma cells of the whole tumor. Our study indicates, for the first time, the capability of using a rat alograft model for evaluating the apoptotic status of a migratory subpopulation of tumor cells and the ability to study their resistance to chemotherapeutic agents directly. In addition, these results indicate that tumor cells that are chemotactic and migratory in response to epidermal growth factor in the primary tumor have a survival advantage over stationary tumor cells.
Effect of Dietary Modification on Incident Carotid Artery Disease in Postmenopausal Women: Results From the Women’s Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial

Background and Purpose— Because the diagnosis and treatment of carotid artery disease may reduce the rate of stroke, the aim of this study was to determine whether a diet intervention was associated with incident carotid artery disease. Methods— Participants were 48 835 postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years who were randomly assigned to either the intervention or comparison group in the Women’s Health Initiative Diet Modification Trial. Incident carotid artery disease was defined as an overnight hospitalization with either symptoms or a surgical intervention to improve flow. Results— After a mean follow-up of 8.3 years from 1994 to 2005, there were 297 (0.61%) incident carotid artery events. In contrast to the comparison group, the risk of incident carotid disease did not differ from those assigned to the intervention group (hazard ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.9–1.4). In secondary analysis, there was no significant effect of the intervention on the risk for incident carotid disease during the 5 years of postintervention follow-up from 2005 to 2010 (hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.9–1.7) and no significant effect during cumulative follow-up from 1994 to 2010 (hazard ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.9–1.4). Conclusions— Among postmenopausal women, a dietary intervention aimed at reducing total fat intake and encouraging increased intake of fruit, vegetables, and grains did not significantly change the risk for incident carotid artery disease. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT00000611.
trans activation of the latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome after transfection of the EBV DNA fragment

Transfection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-nonproducer Raji cells with the BamHI Z fragment of EBV DNA induced antigens that were detected with human antiserum against EBV-specific early antigens. Northern blot analysis of transfected cells revealed that one intense RNA band hybridized with the BamHI H and F fragments but not with the BamHI Z fragment. Cooperation between the BamHI H, F, and BamHI Z regions was also confirmed in baby hamster kidney cells that were cotransfected with both fragments. These results indicate that the transfected BamHI Z fragment of EBV DNA induces a trans-acting factor which activates the gene expression of the BamHI H and F region and that the BamHI Z region possibly plays an important role in the latency of EBV.
On Lacan and the `Becoming-ness' of Organizations/Selves

Poststructuralist accounts of organizations understand them as flows, as verbs in process of always-becoming. Subjects who work `in' organizations are similarly always in a process of becoming. Organization and members are mutually constitutive, each enfolded within the other. The process by which each is enfolded within and constituted by the other is what is explored in this essai. Its aim is to analyse something of the becoming-ness of organizations/selves, in which the researcher-self is imbricated in this becoming-ness and must therefore be part of that which is studied. To achieve this aim I draw on Lacan's concepts: of the mirror stage, or how I am in an agonistic relationship with the other; Nachträglichkeit or the reliving of the past in the present (deferred action); and identification. I apply these concepts to an interview I, an academic, carried out with a manager, emphasizing the importance of these organizational identities in our encounter with each other. The conclusion I reach is that the organization I am `in' is at the same time `in' me: there is no inside and no outside.
Prime Validity Affects Masked Repetition Priming: Evidence for an Episodic Resource Account of Priming

Masked repetition priming in the lexical decision task was found to be greater when prime validity, defined as the proportion of repetition versus unrelated primes, was high (0.8) rather than low (0.2), even though primes were displayed for only 45 or 60 ms. Prime validity effects did not obtain when targets varied markedly from trial to trial with respect to processing difficulty. This variation appears to cause extensive prime recruitment even when prime validity is low. Reducing variability in target processing difficulty restored the influence of prime validity. Prime validity effects are anticipated by an episodic account of masked priming in which a prime event creates a resource that can be recruited to aid word identification. These effects support the idea that resource recruitment is more likely to occur when the validity of the resource is high, which creates a context that supports prime recruitment. Implications for lexical accounts of masked repetition priming are discussed.
Tori of confusion: binaural localization cues for sources within reach of a listener.

To a first-order approximation, binaural localization cues are ambiguous: many source locations give rise to nearly the same interaural differences. For sources more than a meter away, binaural localization cues are approximately equal for any source on a cone centered on the interaural axis (i.e., the well-known "cone of confusion"). The current paper analyzes simple geometric approximations of a head to gain insight into localization performance for nearby sources. If the head is treated as a rigid, perfect sphere, interaural intensity differences (IIDs) can be broken down into two main components. One component depends on the head shadow and is constant along the cone of confusion (and covaries with the interaural time difference, or ITD). The other component depends only on the relative path lengths from the source to the two ears and is roughly constant for a sphere centered on the interaural axis. This second factor is large enough to be perceptible only when sources are within one or two meters of the listener. Results are not dramatically different if one assumes that the ears are separated by 160 deg along the surface of the sphere (rather than diametrically opposite one another). Thus for nearby sources, binaural information should allow listeners to locate sources within a volume around a circle centered on the interaural axis on a "torus of confusion. " The volume of the torus of confusion increases as the source approaches the median plane, degenerating to a volume around the median plane in the limit.
Confidence sets for model selection by F -testing

We introduce the notion of variable selection con dence set (VSCS) for linear regression based on F -testing. Our method identi es the most important variables in a principled way that goes beyond simply trusting the single lucky winner based on a model selection criterion. The VSCS extends the usual notion of con dence intervals to the variable selection problem: A VSCS is a set of regression models that contains the true model with a given level of con dence. Although the size of the VSCS properly re ects the model selection uncertainty, without speci c assumptions on the true model, the VSCS is typically rather large (unless the number of predictors is small). As a solution, we advocate special attention to the set of lower boundary models (LBMs), which are the most parsimonious models that are not statistically signi cantly inferior to the full model at a given con dence level. Based on the LBMs, variable importance and measures of co-appearance importance of predictors can be naturally de ned.
GSM whitespaces: An opportunity for rural cellular service

The GSM network is the largest network on Earth, providing vital communications service to billions of people. Yet hundreds of millions of people live outside the coverage of existing cellular providers. Recently, researchers have demonstrated a new model of cellular connectivity, community cellular, that has the potential to bring coverage to extremely rural populations. Although the total capital costs for these networks (<;US$10,000) are affordable for rural communities, the high financial and political cost of access to spectrum in GSM bands makes running a legal community cellular network nearly impossible. This is despite the fact that very rural areas typically have substantial amounts of licensed GSM spectrum that is not actively used. We define this unused spectrum as GSM whitespace. Like TV whitespaces, we argue that GSM whitespaces should be regulated for dynamic spectrum sharing, and that doing so will support the growth of community cellular networks and thereby improve rural access to communications services. We propose a hybrid sensing and database-driven spectrum sharing scheme called Nomadic GSM that provides safe coexistence between primary and secondary users without requiring coordination or cooperation from existing license holders. Nomadic GSM also mitigates concerns about “spectrum squatting” by secondaries and provides regulators visibility into and control of the spectrum usage of secondary operators. Lastly, we implement and evaluate a prototype Nomadic GSM system that is fully compatible with existing, unmodified GSM handsets and has been deployed in a real-world community cellular network in Papua, Indonesia.
Near-infra-red spectroscopic ages of massive star clusters in M 82

Context. Like other starburst galaxies, M 82 hosts compact, massive (>5 x 10(5) M-circle dot) young star clusters that are interesting both in their own right and as benchmarks for population synthesis models. Aims. In addition to assessing or reassessing the properties of some of the brightest near-IR sources in M 82, this paper addresses the following questions. Can population synthesis models at lambda/delta lambda similar or equal to 750 adequately reproduce the near-IR spectral features and the energy distribution of these clusters between 0.8 and 2.4 mu m? How do the derived cluster properties compare with previous results from optical studies? Methods. We analyse the spectra of 5 massive clusters in M 82, using data acquired with the spectrograph SpeX on the InfraRed Telescope Facility (NASA/IRTF) and a new population synthesis tool with a highly improved near-IR extension, based on a recent collection of empirical and theoretical spectra of red supergiant stars. Results. We obtain excellent fits across the near-IR with models at quasi-solar metallicity and a solar neighbourhood extinction law. Spectroscopy breaks a strong degeneracy between age and extinction in the near-IR colours in the red supergiant-dominated phase of evolution. The estimated near-IR ages cluster between 9 and 30 Myr, i.e. the ages at which the molecular bands due to luminous red supergiants are strongest in the current models. They do not always agree with optical spectroscopic ages. Adding optical data sometimes leads to the rejection of the solar neighbourhood extinction law. This is not surprising considering small-scale structure around the clusters, but it has no significant effect on the near-IR based spectroscopic ages. Conclusions. The observed IR-bright clusters are part of the most recent episode of extended star formation in M 82. The near-IR study of clusters that are too faint for optical observation adds important elements to the age distribution of massive clusters in dusty starbursts. Further joint optical and near-IR spectroscopic studies will provide strong constraints on the uncertain physics of massive stars on which population synthesis models rest.
On using IEEE 1500 standard for functional testing

In core based design (i.e. System on Chip) testing, IEEE 1500 standard has become a widely used option because of its completeness and easy to use approach, but this standard is only supported in the test mode as it stays transparent in the functional mode. In this paper, a proposed method to enhance the IEEE 1500 standard for functional testing in order to increase observability during functional test is discussed. As a case study, the proposed enhanced IEEE 1500 standard is implemented and validated on SAYEH processor in order to test it using embedded Software Based Self-Testing (SBST) technique. The case study demonstrated that the modification to the IEEE 1500 standard enables it to be used for functional testing, with increased observability.
Time Point Expression of Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins in a Photochemically-Induced Focal Cerebral Ischemic Rat Brain

Apoptosis after global or focal cerebral ischemia plays a crucial role in mediating cell death. In this study, we observed the time point expression of physiologic events involving apoptosis regulatory proteins after photochemically-induced focal cerebral ischemia in Sprague-Dawley rats. Protein expression was evaluated at days 1, 3, and 7 by Western blot. Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) activity markedly increased in the ischemic hemisphere in a time-dependent manner, not affected. The expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 was dramatically changed around day 3, whereas changes in pAkt expression occurred at day 1. Differential elevation of these apoptosis regulatory proteins at various time points indicates that different modes of cell death occur in photochemically-induced focal cerebral ischemia in a rat brain.
An SCA-Based Middleware Platform for Mobile Devices

In pervasive environments, users can potentially access a variety of services through their mobile devices. However, in order to use the new services, we need to adapt the functionality of these devices. To achieve it, we propose to load a bootstrap into them that is able to communicate with the services. However this bootstrap has to be adapted due to the diversity of services offered in the environment, which are heterogeneous regarding aspects such as communication and discovery. Our bootstrap has two layers: the application layer and the middleware layer. This paper focuses in the middleware layer. We propose an architecture based on the service component architecture (SCA). The architecture eases the reconfiguration of the components at runtime to support different communication mechanisms and service discovery protocols. Besides, using SCA, we can add new functionality to the middleware platform that can be provided by remote applications (SCA or not).
An old Greek handwritten OCR system

Recognition of handwritten manuscripts is essential for efficient content exploitation of the valuable old Greek historical collections. In this paper, we focus on the problem of recognizing old Greek handwritten manuscripts and propose a novel recognition technique that can be applied to a large number of important historical manuscript collections which are written in lower case letters and originate from St. Catherine's Mount Sinai Monastery. Based on an open and closed cavity character representation, we propose a novel, segmentation-free, fast and efficient technique for the detection and recognition of characters and character ligatures. First, we detect open and closed cavities that exist in the skeletonized character body. Then, the recognition of a specific character or character ligature is based on the protrusible segments that appear in the topological description of the character skeletons. Experimental results prove the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Revelations of religious reality: The individual in San rock art

Abstract San ethnography concerning the personal nature of religious beliefs contradicts the view that San rock art, essentially a religious art, is uniform due to social control. There are, however, rare paintings and engravings that show that some idiosyncrasy does exist. Because these idiosyncratic depictions were created under certain social conditions and constraints, they are explicable within the framework of the San cognitive system. They are thought to be expressions of religious beliefs comparable with the ethnographic accounts of individual religious revelations. San rock art comprises depictions which are uniform, resulting from a combination of neurological and cultural factors, as well as idiosyncratic or nonce depictions resulting from idiosyncratic revelations.
Cognitive performance, monetary incentive, and aggression

Individuals with impaired cognitive abilities associated with frontal lobe function have recently been shown to manifest increased aggression. This study investigated the effect of contingent money to inhibit aggression in these individuals. One hundred and forty males, aged 18-40, were ranked according to their performance on the Spatial Conditional Associative-Learning task. Forty-eight males (24 with scores in each of the upper and lower performance quartiles) participated in the full study. Half of the subjects competed in a Taylor aggression task where they received a monetary incentive for choosing lower shocks; the remainder competed without any monetary contingency. Aggression was defined as shock intensity delivered to a sham opponent. Shock intensity significantly increased as a main effect of lower cognitive performance, absence of monetary incentive, and provocation. In addition, provocation interacted significantly with test performance. Finally, individuals in the upper cognitive performance quartile showed significantly greater reductions of unprovoked aggression in response to monetary incentive. The results are discussed in terms of impairments in the ability to associate inhibitory influences in the formulation of behavioral strategies under aggressive conditions.