Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Dimensions of Human Physical Performance: Factor Analysis of Strength, Stamina, Flexibility, and Body Composition Measures

Based on a review of the literature on exercise physiology and on factor analy- sis of individual differences in physical task performance, confirmatory and principal axis factor analyses were carried out on tests selected or designed to cover a wide range of physical abilities. Tests were selected to test certain hy- potheses about the nature and definitions of abilities accounting for individ- ual differences in physical task performance. Tests were administered to 206 subjects, ages 19-36, including 102 men and 104 women. The results confirmed earlier findings of Fleishman and his associates and clarified and ex- tended these earlier results regarding the nature and definition of physical abilities. The six-factor model supported included Static Strength, Dynamic Strength, Explosive Strength, and Bunk Strength, Stamina (cardiovascular endurance), and Flexibility. A common factor structure was found for men and women. Percent of body fat was found to relate to performance in some physical abilities (Sta.
Evidence for Domesticated and Wild Populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is predominantly found in association with human activities, particularly the production of alcoholic beverages. S. paradoxus, the closest known relative of S. cerevisiae, is commonly found on exudates and bark of deciduous trees and in associated soils. This has lead to the idea that S. cerevisiae is a domesticated species, specialized for the fermentation of alcoholic beverages, and isolates of S. cerevisiae from other sources simply represent migrants from these fermentations. We have surveyed DNA sequence diversity at five loci in 81 strains of S. cerevisiae that were isolated from a variety of human and natural fermentations as well as sources unrelated to alcoholic beverage production, such as tree exudates and immunocompromised patients. Diversity within vineyard strains and within saké strains is low, consistent with their status as domesticated stocks. The oldest lineages and the majority of variation are found in strains from sources unrelated to wine production. We propose a model whereby two specialized breeds of S. cerevisiae have been created, one for the production of grape wine and one for the production of saké wine. We estimate that these two breeds have remained isolated from one another for thousands of years, consistent with the earliest archeological evidence for winemaking. We conclude that although there are clearly strains of S. cerevisiae specialized for the production of alcoholic beverages, these have been derived from natural populations unassociated with alcoholic beverage production, rather than the opposite.
Beyond Risk: Resilience in the Lives of Sexual Minority Youth

ABSTRACT Several decades of research tell us that sexual minority youth are among those most at risk for the negative outcomes of frequent concern in the lives of young people: academic failure, emotional distress, compromised relationships, risk behavior, and suicidality. We know much less about resilience, the characteristics and factors that explain or predict the healthy adolescent and adult lives of most sexual minorities. How can we move,“beyond risk” to understanding resilience? I outline a context for the focus on risk in studies of sexual minority youth and then discuss the conceptual distinctions between risk, risk factors, risk outcomes, protective factors, and resilience. I argue that an important area for further research will be to identify risk and protective factors that are unique to sexual minority youth. Recent research on school-based harassment and victimization is used as an example of research on LGBT issues in education that is grounded in the history of risk while offering the potential for significant advances in thinking about resilience.
Double MRF for water classification in SAR images by joint detection and reflectivity estimation

Classification of SAR images is a challenging task as the radiometric properties of a class may not be constant throughout the image. The assumption made in most classification algorithms that a class can be modeled by constant parameters is then not valid. In this paper, we propose a classification algorithm based on two Markov random fields that accounts for local and global variations of the parameters inside the image and produces a regularized classification. This algorithm is applied on airborne TropiSAR and simulated SWOT HR data. Both quantitative and visual results are provided, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Where all the interaction is: sketching in interaction design as an embodied practice

Sketching and design sketches are often recognized as key elements of successful interaction design practice and a central skill in interaction design expertise. Interaction design is a relatively young field without well-developed conventions, tools, and formalisms. We analyze the practical work and the conduct of interaction designers in how they express interaction and dynamics through whiteboard drawings. We focus on how talk and action were used to shape the meaning of the drawings. The ways the designers imagined that users would interact with the system and how it would mediate communication between users became topical through a web of drawings, talk, and embodied action. Our analysis forefronts three aspects of interaction design: 1) the role of the design material 2) the role of embodied action in interaction design, and 3) talk and embodied action as central means of doing design. We argue that the qualities of a design material need to be understood in relation to the activity in which it is taken into use and through the kinds of actions that the participants engage in. This implies that design representations do not carry meaning in themselves but are made meaningful through design activity.
Social parasitism and the molecular basis of phenotypic evolution

Contrasting phenotypes arise from similar genomes through a combination of losses, gains, co-option and modifications of inherited genomic material. Understanding the molecular basis of this phenotypic diversity is a fundamental challenge in modern evolutionary biology. Comparisons of the genes and their expression patterns underlying traits in closely related species offer an unrivaled opportunity to evaluate the extent to which genomic material is reorganized to produce novel traits. Advances in molecular methods now allow us to dissect the molecular machinery underlying phenotypic diversity in almost any organism, from single-celled entities to the most complex vertebrates. Here we discuss how comparisons of social parasites and their free-living hosts may provide unique insights into the molecular basis of phenotypic evolution. Social parasites evolve from a eusocial ancestor and are specialized to exploit the socially acquired resources of their closely-related eusocial host. Molecular comparisons of such species pairs can reveal how genomic material is re-organized in the loss of ancestral traits (i.e., of free-living traits in the parasites) and the gain of new ones (i.e., specialist traits required for a parasitic lifestyle). We define hypotheses on the molecular basis of phenotypes in the evolution of social parasitism and discuss their wider application in our understanding of the molecular basis of phenotypic diversity within the theoretical framework of phenotypic plasticity and shifting reaction norms. Currently there are no data available to test these hypotheses, and so we also provide some proof of concept data using the paper wasp social parasite/host system (Polistes sulcifer—Polistes dominula). This conceptual framework and first empirical data provide a spring-board for directing future genomic analyses on exploiting social parasites as a route to understanding the evolution of phenotypic specialization.
Deriving high-resolution velocity maps from low-resolution fourier velocity encoded MRI data

Fourier velocity encoding (FVE) is a promising magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method for measurement of cardiovascular blood flow. FVE provides considerably higher SNR than phase contrast imaging, and is robust to partial-volume effects. FVE data is usually acquired with low spatial resolution, due to scan-time restrictions associated with its higher dimensionality. Thus, FVE is capable of providing the velocity distribution associated with a large voxel, but does not directly provides a velocity map. Velocity maps, however, are useful for calculating the actual blod flow through a vessel, or for guiding computational fluid dynamics simulations. This work proposes a method to derive velocity maps with high spatial resolution from low-resolution FVE data using a hyper-Laplacian prior deconvolution algorithm. Experiments using numerical phantoms, as well simulated spiral FVE data derived from real phase contrast data, acquired using a pulsatile carotid flow phantom, show that it is possible to obtain reasonably accurate velocities maps from low-resolution FVE distributions.
Aggregating LTE and Wi-Fi: Fairness and split-scheduling

People are seeking solutions in diverse directions to cope with mobile data explosion and resource scarcity in mobile cellular networks. Of many candidate approaches, smart aggregation of LTE and Wi-Fi radios is a promising solution that bonds heterogeneous links to meet a mobile terminal's available bandwidth need. Motivated by the existence of a significant number of carrier-operated Wi-Fi APs, we propose a mechanism, called LTE-W, of efficiently utilizing LTE and Wi-Fi links only with the minimum changes of eNodeBs, LTE backhaul networks, and mobile terminals. Our mechanism has the following two key components: (i) mode selection and (ii) bearer-split scheduling. In the mode selection, LTE-W internally decides who should be served by either of LTE or LTE-Wi-Fi aggregation considering intra-cell fairness rather than just following users' intention of aggregation. For the users decided to be offered the aggregation service, we choose a bearer (roughly defined a set of flows with a similar QoS in LTE) as a basic unit of aggregation and propose a smart intra-bearer scheduling algorithm that splits a bearer's traffic into LTE and Wi-Fi links, considering the tuning of TCP flows that take two heterogeneous wireless links. We evaluate our mechanism using the NS-3 with LENA, and compare it to a transport-level aggregation mechanism, MPTCP, demonstrating that LTE-W significantly improves MPTCP, e.g., up to 75% in terms of Jain's fairness index.
Mass Transport-Induced Failure of Hybrid Bonding-Based Integration for Advanced Image Sensor Applications

This paper presents, for the first time, an electromigration study for a hybrid bonding-based integration for advanced image sensor applications. This work demonstrates that the hybrid bonding module has no impact on the electromigration resistance of the present integration. The weakest link is always the BEoL level. There is no hybrid bonding-related failure.
Methodologies for mapping the political blogosphere: An exploration using the IssueCrawler research tool

This paper explores methodologies for using the IssueCrawler research tool to map the interconnections of individual blogs in sections of the blogosphere. It uses the case of Australian–born Guantanamo detainee David Hicks as a case study, mapping the distributed discussions of this case in that part of the Australian blogosphere which is concerned with debating news and politics. Its findings indicate the presence of a strong and sustained engagement with this case by Australian political bloggers, and point to a tendency for discussions to cluster around a handful of sites which are defined by their political orientation. The network maps also suggest a lack of sustained coverage of the case by bloggers outside of Australia, and indicate only limited engagement between bloggers and the mainstream media.
Cholera Toxin Subunit B as Adjuvant––An Accelerator in Protective Immunity and a Break in Autoimmunity

Cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) is the nontoxic portion of cholera toxin. Its affinity to the monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) that is broadly distributed in a variety of cell types including epithelial cells of the gut and antigen presenting cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells, allows its optimal access to the immune system. CTB can easily be expressed on its own in a variety of organisms, and several approaches can be used to couple it to antigens, either by genetic fusion or by chemical manipulation, leading to strongly enhanced immune responses to the antigens. In autoimmune diseases, CTB has the capacity to evoke regulatory responses and to thereby dampen autoimmune responses, in several but not all animal models. It remains to be seen whether the latter approach translates to success in the clinic, however, the versatility of CTB to manipulate immune responses in either direction makes this protein a promising adjuvant for vaccine development.
Comparison of native versus nonnative perception of vowel length contrasts in Arabic and Japanese

ABSTRACT This study assessed the prediction that individuals are able to use the knowledge from their first language (L1) in processing the comparable sound contrasts in an unknown language. Two languages, Arabic and Japanese, which utilize vowel duration contrastively, were examined. Native Arabic (NA) and native Japanese (NJ) listeners' discrimination accuracy for native (known) and nonnative (unknown) vowel length contrasts was assessed in an AXB discrimination test. A group of Australian English (OZ) speakers who do not know either Arabic or Japanese participated as a control group. Despite the expectation that native listeners positively transfer and generalize the L1 knowledge to process unknown languages with equivalent phonetic characteristics, both the NA and NJ groups were clearly less accurate in discriminating vowel length contrasts in unknown languages. Further, they showed no advantage over the OZ listeners who have limited experience with vowel length contrasts in their L1. These results suggest that, not only for stop place contrasts examined previously, but also for vowel length contrasts, experience with specific phonetic contrasts may not be sufficient for attaining truly nativelike discrimination accuracy.
Primacy of organising effects of testosterone

A test of a biosocial model is reported in which we found no impact of circulating testosterone on either status-seeking or aggression. The fact that sex differences in competitiveness and aggression appear in childhood strongly suggests that the major impact of testosterone is organisational. Whereas dominance and resources are linked among males, female aggression may be a function of pure resource competition, with no element of status-seeking.
An Efficient Detection Mechanism for Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack

Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have emerged as a popular means of causing collection particular overhaul disruptions, often for total periods of instance. The relative ease and low costs of initiation such attacks, supplemented by the present insufficient sate of any feasible defense method, have made them one of the top threats to the Internet centre of population nowadays. Since the rising attractiveness of web-based applications has led to quite a lot of significant services being provided more than the Internet, it is very important to monitor the network transfer so as to stop hateful attackers from depleting the assets of the network and denying services to rightful users. The most important drawbacks of the presently existing defense mechanisms and propose a new-fangled mechanism for defending a web-server against a DDoS attack. In the proposed mechanism, incoming traffic to the server is always monitored and some irregular rise in the inbound traffic is without delay detected. The detection algorithm is based on a statistical analysis of the inbound traffic on the server and a robust suggestion testing structure. While the detection procedure is on, the sessions from the rightful sources are not disrupted and the load on the server is restored to the usual level by overcrowding the traffic from the attacking sources. The accurate modules employ multifaceted detection logic and hence involve additional overhead for their execution. On the other hand, they have very huge detection accuracy. Simulations approved on the proposed mechanism have produced results that show efficiency of the proposed defense mechanism against DDoS attacks.
If Robert Merton said it, it must be true: A citation analysis in the field of performance measurement

This article is inspired by the current attention paid to bibliometric methods in evaluating research relevance and impact. The logic behind the trend is examined by comparing highly and less cited publications in the same knowledge field (i.e. performance measurement) to see if and how they are different, especially in terms of research design and methods used. Findings indicate that various research designs and methods are equally represented among highly and less highly cited works, and that the only feature that does seem to play a role is if the cited author is an internationally renowned scholar. Findings also indicate an indiscriminate use of citation where the quality and relevance of secondary data are taken for granted. A vague hint of something, found in a single case study or inferred from a purely theoretical work, may thus over time and with more citations added become universal fact or even ‘evidence’.
General Form of Alpha-Linear Resolution Method Based on Lattice-Valued First-Order Logic System

In this paper we propose a new resolution approach for automated reasoning in artificial intelligence. the general form a-linear resolution method is established in lattice-valued first-order logic system LF(X) based on lattice implication algebra. the soundness theorem is given in LF(X). by using lift lemma, the weak completeness theorem is also investigated in LF(X). This method is to provide a scientific and efficient reasoning tool for theorem proving based on lattice-valued logic system.
A state prediction scheme for discrete time nonlinear dynamic systems

A state prediction scheme is proposed for discrete time nonlinear dynamic systems with non-Gaussian disturbance and observation noises. This scheme is based upon quantization, multiple hypothesis testing, and dynamic programming. Dynamic models of the proposed scheme are as general as dynamic models of particle predictors, whereas the nonlinear models of the extended Kalman (EK) predictor are linear with respect to the disturbance and observation noises. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared with both the EK predictor and sampling importance resampling (SIR) particle predictor. Monte Carlo simulations have shown that the performances of the proposed scheme, EK predictor, and SIR particle predictor are all model-dependent, that is, one performs better than the others for a given example. Some examples, for which the proposed scheme performs better than the others do, are also given in the paper.
Responses of Posttraumatic Pericontusional Cerebral Blood Flow and Blood Volume to an Increase in Cerebral Perfusion Pressure

In and around traumatic contusions, cerebral blood flow (CBF) is often near or below the threshold for ischemia. Increasing cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) in patients with head injuries may improve CBF in these regions. However, the pericontusional response to this intervention has not been studied. Using positron emission tomography (PET), we have quantified the response to an increase in CPP in and around contusions in 18 contusions in 18 patients. Regional CBF and cerebral blood volume (CBV) were measured with PET at CPPs of 70 and 90 mmHg using norepinephrine to control CPP. Based upon computed tomography, regions of interest (ROIs) were placed as two concentric ellipsoids, each of 1-cm width, around the core of the contusions. Measurements were compared with a control ROI in tissue with normal anatomic appearance. Baseline CBF and CBV increased significantly with increasing distance from the core of the lesion. The increase in CPP led to small increases in CBF in all ROIs except the core. The largest absolute CBF increase was found in the control ROI. Relative CBF increases did not differ between ROIs so that ischemic areas remained ischemic. Pericontusional oedema on computed tomography was associated with lower absolute values of CBF and CBV but did not differ from nonoedematous tissue in the relative response to CPP elevation.
3D colour mesh detail enhancement driven from 2D texture edge information

This work details the use of information commonly contained within the 2D texture map, of a colour 3D capture, as a driver to add additional geometric detail to the underlying 3D shape mesh. A novel combination of established 2D image processing operations and uniform mesh re-sampling facilitates the recovery of additional surface relief detail information which is then added a displacement bump map to the underlying mesh. The technique is demonstrated by enhancing shape from silhouette derived 3D surface captures. (1 page)
Prediction of protein solubility in Escherichia coli using logistic regression

In this article we present a new and more accurate model for the prediction of the solubility of proteins overexpressed in the bacterium Escherichia coli. The model uses the statistical technique of logistic regression. To build this model, 32 parameters that could potentially correlate well with solubility were used. In addition, the protein database was expanded compared to those used previously. We tested several different implementations of logistic regression with varied results. The best implementation, which is the one we report, exhibits excellent overall prediction accuracies: 94% for the model and 87% by cross‐validation. For comparison, we also tested discriminant analysis using the same parameters, and we obtained a less accurate prediction (69% cross‐validation accuracy for the stepwise forward plus interactions model). Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010; 105: 374–383. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.