Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VULNERABILITY FACTORS FOR HOMELESSNESS ASSOCIATED WITH SUBSTANCE DEPENDENCE IN A COMMUNITY SAMPLE OF HOMELESS ADULTS

We studied a community probability sample of 1185 homeless individuals to examine substance dependence in relationship to other personal and social vulnerabilities linked to homelessness, including sociodemographics, childhood/adolescent factors, pre-homelessness factors, multiple episodes of homelessness, and the quality of shelter in their current episode of homelessness. These vulnerability factors were significantly concentrated in homeless individuals with lifetime and recent substance dependence, especially among those with both alcohol and drug dependence. In addition, the profiles of the homeless with alcohol dependence alone were distinct from those with drug dependence alone or both, with older age, more males, longer histories of homelessness, and significantly poorer quality shelter during the previous 30 days. Therefore, homeless individuals with substance dependence have many vulnerabilities beyond their substance dependence that should be dealt with in treatment or other service settings before lasting housing can be achieved.
Fokker-Planck like equation for hidden Markov models governed by special jump processes

The paper introduces a set of hidden Markov models (HMM), driven by a special class of Markov jump processes (Borisov, 2004). The Markovian property for the couple "jump process-governed diffusion" is proved. A system of corresponding integro-differential Fokker-Planck type equations for the transition probability is derived. Analysis and special cases of this system such as the classic HMM and systems with one jump are also considered.
Bordering encounters, sociality and distribution of the ability to live a ‘normal life’

Based on analysis of a bordering encounter that took place in the offices of the Latvian State Border Guard, I trace how bordering produces connections at the same time as it effects separations. Despite being separated by state-based lines of power, participants of the bordering encounter – all former Soviet citizens – recognised each other as ‘normal people’ striving to obtain a ‘normal life’. This connection was enabled by historically formed understanding of shared conditions of life and critical awareness of global power hierarchies. The sociality formed during the bordering encounter invites a rethinking of how distribution of life is negotiated through bordering, and how politics is imagined in relation to borders.
The effect of different inflation risks on interest rates of the US

This article examines the effect of different inflation uncertainty measures on interest rates of the US in a Fisher hypothesis framework. Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) specification with a time-dependent parameter model is used to obtain three types of inflation uncertainties, namely, impulse uncertainty, structural uncertainty and steady-state uncertainty. It has been observed that the impulse uncertainty has negative but the structural uncertainty has positive impact on both short-term and long-term interest rates. Both of these effects are statistically significant. The influence of steady-state uncertainty on interest rates is positive, but the level of significance depends on the inclusion of output gap. Without the inclusion of output gap, the effect is insignificant, whereas the effect becomes significant when output gap is introduced.
Implementation of Reversible Binary Adders in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata

Nowadays exponential advancement in reversible computation has lead to better fabrication and integration process. It has become very popular over the last few years since reversible logic circuits dramatically reduce energy loss. It consumes less power by recovering bit loss from its unique input-output mapping. This paper presents two new gates called RC-I and RC-II to design an n-bit signed binary comparator where simulation results show that the proposed circuit works correctly and gives significantly better performance than the existing counterparts. An algorithm has been presented in this paper for constructing an optimized reversible n-bit signed comparator circuit. Moreover some lower bounds have been proposed on the quantum cost, the numbers of gates used and the number of garbage outputs generated for designing a low cost reversible signed comparator. The comparative study shows that the proposed design exhibits superior performance considering all the efficiency parameters of reversible logic design which includes number of gates used, quantum cost, garbage output and constant inputs. This proposed design has certainly outperformed all the other existing approaches. Keywords-Reversible Comparator, Quantum Computing, Signed Arithmetic, Low Power, Binary comparators, majority gates.
Exchange Rate Management and Trade Balance in Selected East Asian Countries

Exchange rate management has become a hot topic in academic circles examining the merits of fixed versus floating regimes. The 1997-98 Asian crisis has refocused attention on the exchange rate management of East Asian countries. Most views expressed are critical of the pre-crisis US dollar peg regime, citing it as one cause of the crisis.This article evaluates the pre-crisis US dollar peg regime in the selected East Asian countries by examining its negative effect on trade balance through currency appreciation. The main findings of the study are as follows: First, a significantly large appreciation of real effective exchange rates was found in the selected East Asian countries under the precrisis US dollar peg regime. Second, a regression analysis verified the correlation between real effective exchange rates and trade balances. Third, a simulation analysis showed that the appreciation of real effective exchange rates had a clearly negative effect on trade balances. The strategic implication of our findings is how important the stabilizing of the real effective exchange rate is in exchange rate management.
The conditions associated with peripheral< employment in australia an empirical analysis

Aims to subject to empirical scrutiny the claim that peripheral work is characterized by a range of undesirable characteristics. The analysis of data from the Australian Workplace Industrial Relations Survey (AWIRS) clearly shows that there is a link between peripheral forms of employment and undesirable working conditions in Australian workplaces. Further, the negative features of peripheral employment apply regardless of workplace size, sector or industry. In conjunction with the evidence of the growth of a peripheral workforce and the marked over‐representation of women in such jobs, supports the argument that peripheral work contributes to inequality in Australian workplaces.
Can persistent IgE responses be suppressed?

Since the discovery ofIgE in the late 1960s (Ishizaka, Ishizaka & Hornbrook, 1966; Johansson & Bennich, 1967) several animal models have been developed to study the regulation of IgE. IgE responses in atopic people are typically long lived and can be maintained when they are no longer exposed to allergen as in hay fever patients outside the pollen season. Such responses have proved difficult to produce in most species, with the exception of mice, and after an initial burst of IgE when first immunized, the response generated is rapidly suppressed. The artificial induction of IgE responses in rodents has required the use of adjuvants such as aluminium hydroxide and Bordatella pertussis or concomitant nematode infection (Jarrett & Stewart, 1972). T cells play a central role in regulating IgE responses (Okumura & Tada, 197 la; Katona, Urban & Finkelman, 1988), and as well as providing help for IgE B cells, they are capable of suppressing both primary and secondary IgE responses (Okumura & Tada, 1971b; Holt, Batty & Turner, 1981a). Thus two opposing functions for T cells in IgE regulation can be seen. These effects are mediated at least in part by T cell-derived cytokines. High levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) were found to potentiate IgE synthesis from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated murine B cells in vitro (Coffman & Carty, 1986) and this effect could be antagonized with interferon-gamma (IFN-y) (Snapper & Paul, 1987). Anti-IL-4 antibody (Finkelman et al., 1986, 1988a) or IFN-y (Finkelman et al., 1988b) both suppress antigen and Nippostrongylus braziliensis-induced IgE responses in vivo. With N. braziliensis infestation, IgE levels spontaneously decline following worm expulsion but similar effects were also seen with anti-IL-4 and IFN-y in Heligmosomoides polygyrusinfested mice, where the worm is not expelled and IgE levels do not fall (Finkelman et al., 1990). The secondary IgE response produced with antigen and Al(OH)3 was largely but not completely inhibited with anti-IL-4 (Finkelman et al., 1990); these investigators conclude that the role of IL-4 in the maintenance of an IgE response is to recruit
Exits, Performance, and Late Stage Private Equity: The Case of UK Management Buy‐Outs

Using a hand-collected dataset of 1,225 buy-outs, we examine post buy-out and post exit long term abnormal operating performance of UK management buy-outs, during the period 1980-2009. Our univariate and panel data analysis of post buy-out performance conclusively show positive changes in output. We also find strong evidence for improvements in employment and output and a lack of significant changes in efficiency and profitability following initial public offerings (IPO) exits. IPOs from the main London Stock Exchange (LSE) market outperform their counterparts from the Alternative Investment Market (AIM) only in terms of changes in output. For secondary management buy outs (SMBOs), performance declines during the first buy-out but in the second buy-out performance stabilises until year three, after which profitability and efficiency fall while employment increases. Although private equity (PE) backed buy-outs do not exhibit either post buy-out or post exit underperformance, they fail to over-perform their non-PE backed counterparts. In the subsample of buy-outs exiting via IPOs on the AIM, PE firms do not outperform non-PE buy-outs. Our findings highlight the importance of tracing the overall performance of buy-outs over a longer period and controlling for sample selection bias related to the provision of PE backing. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
A Swedish population-based study of the mechanisms of parent–offspring transmission of criminal behavior

Background. While children of parents with criminal behavior (CB) are at increased risk for CB, we have limited knowledge about the causes of this cross-generational transmission. Method. We examined intergenerational continuity in CB in the Swedish population ascertained from the national conviction registers in three family types: intact (n = 21 11 074), ‘not-lived-with’ (n = 16 53 15 where biological parents never lived with their offspring) and ‘step’ (n = 1 24 800 offspring) which reflected, respectively, the effects of genes + rearing, genes only and rearing only. We also examined three criminal conviction subtypes: violent CB (VCB), property CB (PCB) and white-collar CB (WCCB). Results. Combined across mothers and fathers, the hazard ratio (HR) for CB in offspring given parental CB was 1.95 in intact, 1.56 in ‘not-lived-with’ and 1.28 in stepfamilies. In all three family types, all forms of CB in parents (VCB, PCB and WCCB) significantly predicted risk for all forms of CB in offspring. However, VCB in offspring was most strongly predicted by VCB in parents in intact, not-lived-with and stepfamilies. In intact families only, some specific parent–offspring transmission was also seen for WCCB. Conclusions. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute substantially to parent–offspring resemblance for CB. With respect to criminal subtypes, much of parent–offspring transmission appears to be non-specific. However, specific genetic and environmental risk factors for VCB are transmitted across generations. A limitation of these analyses is that CB was assessed only via official criminal convictions.
TYK2 and JAK2 Are Substrates of Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase 1B*

The reversible tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins, modulated by the coordinated actions of protein-tyrosine kinases and protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), regulates the cellular response to a wide variety of stimuli. It is established that protein kinases possess discrete sets of substrates and that substrate recognition is often dictated by the presence of consensus phosphorylation sites. Here, we have extended this concept to the PTPs and demonstrated that (E/D)-pY-pY-(R/K) is a consensus substrate recognition motif for PTP1B. We have shown that JAK2 and TYK2 are substrates of PTP1B and that the substrate recognition site within theses kinases is similar to the site of dephosphorylation previously identified within the insulin receptor. A substrate-trapping mutant of PTP1B formed a stable interaction with JAK2 and TYK2 in response to interferon stimulation. Expression of wild type or substrate-trapping mutant PTP1B inhibited interferon-dependent transcriptional activation. Finally, mouse embryo fibroblasts deficient in PTP1B displayed subtle changes in tyrosine phosphorylation, including hyperphosphorylation of JAK2. The closely related JAK family member, JAK1, which does not match the consensus dephosphorylation site, was not recognized as a substrate. These data illustrate that PTP1B may be an important physiological regulator of cytokine signaling and that it may be possible to derive consensus substrate recognition motifs for other members of the PTP family, which may then be used to predict novel physiological substrates.
Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Hepatitis C Virus Infection

ABSTRACT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) often causes a persistent infection associated with hypergammaglobulinemia, high levels of antiviral antibody and circulating immune complexes, and immune complex disease. We previously reported that only a limited neutralizing activity to vesicular stomatitis virus or HCV pseudotype is generated in animals immunized with recombinant HCV envelope proteins and chronically infected HCV patient sera. Interestingly, when some of these neutralizing sera were diluted into a range of concentrations below those that reduced virus plaque number, an increase in pseudotype plaque formation was observed. Purified HCV E2-specific human monoclonal antibodies were used to further verify the specificity of this enhancement, and one- to twofold increases were apparent on permissive Huh-7 cells. The enhancement of HCV pseudotype titer could be inhibited by the addition of a Fc-specific anti-human immunoglobulin G Fab fragment to the virus-antibody mixture prior to infection. Treatment of cells with antibody to Fc receptor I (FcRI) or FcRII, but not FcRIII, also led to an inhibition of pseudotype titer enhancement in an additive manner. Human lymphoblastoid cell line (Raji), a poor host for HCV pseudotype infection, exhibited a four- to sixfold enhancement of pseudotype-mediated cell death upon incubation with antibody at nonneutralizing concentrations. A similar enhancement of cell culture-grown HCV infectivity by a human monoclonal antibody was also observed. Taken together, antibodies to viral epitopes enhancing HCV infection need to be taken into consideration for pathogenesis and in the development of an effective vaccine.
Researching Adaptivity for Individual Differences in Numeracy Games

There is increasing evidence that mathematics video games can play a large role in mathematics education, in support of children's learning. However, despite the interdisciplinary nature of the subject, research in this area has traditionally been fragmented between disciplines. The RAIDING project was conceived to bring together researchers in neuroscience, maths cognition, and game-based learning to develop a maths game that can act as a research platform for furthering knowledge in this field. The game will employ free-to-play design elements, alongside an adaptive learner model to investigate how children learn maths, through a range of empirical studies.
The Quest for the Qualified Job Surfer: It's Time the Public Sector Catches the Wave

Organizational use of Internet recruiting has dramatically increased in the last five years. However, there has been little research to guide the development of organizational employment Web pages. This paper first outlines the reasons why public sector organizations should consider focusing more energy on developing their own employment Web sites to supplement other recruiting activities. We then present a model of job surfer behavior that organizations should consider when designing their Web site and making decisions about how to promote it. Based on this model, we make several suggestions for practice.
Piperacillin/tazobactam (Tazocin™) seems to be no longer responsible for false-positive results of the galactomannan assay.

OBJECTIVES Galactomannan (GM) testing is extremely useful for diagnosing invasive aspergillosis in high-risk patients, but false-positive results have been reported in patients treated with piperacillin/tazobactam. The aims of this study are to test if the recent piperacillin/tazobactam (Tazocin™; Pfizer) preparation still contains GM, and if serum GM positivity in haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients receiving piperacillin/tazobactam can be attributed to this treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Serum samples obtained from 1 October 2009 to 31 October 2010 from HSCT recipients for GM testing were analysed. The difference in the rate of positive results (defined as GM ≥ 0.5) in patients receiving and not receiving piperacillin/tazobactam was evaluated. Piperacillin/tazobactam vials from randomly selected batches were tested. RESULTS Of 1606 samples drawn in the absence of piperacillin/tazobactam therapy, 25 (1.6%) tested positive for GM versus 10 of 394 samples (2.5%) drawn while on piperacillin/tazobactam (P = 0.18). The median GM result of samples drawn on piperacillin/tazobactam was slightly higher than that of samples drawn in the absence of piperacillin/tazobactam (0.141 versus 0.122; P < 0.001). All 90 piperacillin/tazobactam vials from 30 randomly selected batches tested negative for GM, with a median GM value of 0.057 (range: 0.011-0.320). CONCLUSIONS Although some residual GM might still be present in piperacillin/tazobactam, currently available brand piperacillin/tazobactam preparations seem no longer responsible for false-positive GM results.
Query expansion based on relevance feedback and latent semantic analysis

Web search engines are one of the most popular tools on the Internet which are widely-used by expert and novice users. Constructing an adequate query which represents the best specification of users’ information need to the search engine is an important concern of web users. Query expansion is a way to reduce this concern and increase user satisfaction. In this paper, a new method of query expansion is introduced. This method which is a combination of relevance feedback and latent semantic analysis, finds the relative terms to the topics of user original query based on relevant documents selected by the user in relevance feedback step. The method is evaluated and compared with the Rocchio relevance feedback. The results of this evaluation indicate the capability of the method to better representation of user’s information need and increasing significantly user satisfaction.
WAGE RELATIVITIES AND THE NATURAL RANGE OF UNEMPLOYMENT

If workers are concerned about their relative wage, this can give rise to continuum of natural rates of unemployment that are perfect foresight equilibria. These equilibria can be Pareto ranked in the same order as their level of employment. Which equilibrium is reached depends upon expectations in a bootstraps way so that sunspots can induce fluctuations and monetary policy can bring about shifts between equilibria. Due to coordination failures, perfectly rational agents may make systematic forecasting errors even in the absence of intrinsic uncertainty. If a few agents have adaptive expectations, the economy behaves in a Keynesian manner within the natural range, while being classical at its extremes.
Caulobacter crescentus Requires RodA and MreB for Stalk Synthesis and Prevention of Ectopic Pole Formation

ABSTRACT Caulobacter crescentus cells treated with amdinocillin, an antibiotic which specifically inhibits the cell elongation transpeptidase penicillin binding protein 2 in Escherichia coli, exhibit defects in stalk elongation and morphology, indicating that stalk synthesis may be a specialized form of cell elongation. In order to investigate this possibility further, we examined the roles of two other proteins important for cell elongation, RodA and MreB. We show that, in C. crescentus, the rodA gene is essential and that RodA depletion leads to a loss of control over stalk and cell body diameter and a stalk elongation defect. In addition, we demonstrate that MreB depletion leads to a stalk elongation defect and conclude that stalk elongation is a more constrained form of cell elongation. Our results strongly suggest that MreB by itself does not determine the diameter of the cell body or stalk. Finally, we show that cells recovering from MreB depletion exhibit a strong budding and branching cell body phenotype and possess ectopic poles, as evidenced by the presence of multiple, misplaced, and sometimes highly branched stalks at the ends of these buds and branches. This phenotype is also seen to a lesser extent in cells recovering from RodA depletion and amdinocillin treatment. We conclude that MreB, RodA, and the target(s) of amdinocillin all contribute to the maintenance of cellular polarity in C. crescentus.
A Chloroplast ABC1-like Kinase Regulates Vitamin E Metabolism in Arabidopsis1[C][W][OA]

The chloroplast ABC1-like kinase ABC1K3 affects the accumulation of VTE1-dependent metabolites, α-tocopherol quinone and plastochromanol, most likely via phosphorylation of VTE1. In bacteria and mitochondria, ABC1 (for Activity of bc1 complex)-like kinases regulate ubiquinone synthesis, mutations causing severe respiration defects, including neurological disorders in humans. Little is known about plant ABC1-like kinases; in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), five are predicted in mitochondria but, surprisingly, six are located at lipid droplets in chloroplasts. These are a known site of prenylquinone (including tocopherol [vitamin E], phylloquinone [vitamin K] and plastoquinone) metabolism and contain a large proportion of the tocopherol cyclase (VTE1) required for vitamin E synthesis and recycling. Therefore, ABC1-like kinases may be involved in the regulation of chloroplast prenylquinone metabolism. Using a nontargeted lipidomics approach, we demonstrate that plants lacking the plastoglobule ABC1-like kinase ABC1K3 are defective both for the production of plastochromanol-8 (a plastoquinone-derived lipid antioxidant) and the redox recycling of α-tocopherol, whereas tocopherol production is not affected. All of these pathways require VTE1 activity. However, in the abc1k3 mutant, VTE1 levels are strongly reduced posttranscriptionally. We provide evidence that the ABC1-like kinase ABC1K3 phosphorylates VTE1, possibly stabilizing it at plastoglobules. However, ABC1K3 may also have other targets and be involved in a wider chloroplast regulatory network.