Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The New Invincibles: HIV Screening among Older Adults in the U.S

Background Thirteen percent of the U.S. population is ages 65 and older, a number projected to reach 20% by 2030. By 2015, 50% of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected individuals in the U.S. are expected to be ages 50 and older. Current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines recommend “opt-out” HIV screening for individuals ages 13–64. The purpose of this study was to assess the occurrence and barriers to HIV screening in older adults, and to evaluate the rationale for expanding routine HIV screening to this population. Methods The study used 2009 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data. A total of 12,366 (unweighted) adults, ages 50 and older, participated in the adult section of the NHIS and answered questions on the HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Tuberculosis components. Associations between HIV screening, socio-demographic variables, and knowledge of HIV-related disease were examined using logistic regression models. Results The HIV screening rate within this population was 25.4%. Race had no statistically significant effect. Low risk perception of HIV exposure (84.1%) accounted for low likelihood of planned screening (3.5%) within 12 months post survey. A routine medical check-up was the single most common reason for HIV screening (37.6%), with only about half (52.7%) of the tests suggested by a health care provider. Conclusion It is imperative that practices and policies are developed and implemented to increase HIV awareness and screening in the older adult population. Increased health care provider awareness of the importance of HIV screening, especially for those 65 and older, is critical. Health policies and clinical guidelines should be revised to promote and support screening of all adults.
Fathers at Work

Contemporary fathering is characterized by the combined responsibilities of employment and parenting. Relationships between work–family conflict, work–family enrichment, and fathering behaviors have not been widely investigated. Secondary data from fathers of 4- to 5-year-old children participating in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children were analyzed (N = 2,679). Results revealed that higher work–family conflict was associated with irritable (β = .06, p < .001), less warm (β = −0.04, p < .01), inconsistent parenting (β = −.07, p < .001), when sociodemographic and child characteristics were controlled for. Protective associations were found between work–family enrichment and optimal parenting behaviors (β = .10 warmth; β = −.05 irritability, p < .01). These results were largely unchanged when mental health was included in analyses. Sole-earner fathers and those employed for long hours were most likely to report high work–family conflict. Findings provide impetus for workplace and public policy to extend optimal, family-friendly employment conditions to all parents, including fathers.
The Elusive Nature of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract The author discloses a personal history of undiagnosed mild traumatic brain injury (MBTI) and identifies a typical course and progression of this condition. He advocates a careful inquiry for possible head injury whenever the clinical history shows an original period of normal functioning, a progression of disturbance over time, multiple diagnoses, and poor response to treatment with medication. He discusses the use of quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) in assessing possible mild traumatic brain injury, describes typical features of quantitative electroencephalography in mild traumatic brain injury, and cautions about the frequency of false negatives. He provides two case histories showing the progression of disturbing cognitive, personality, and impulse control problems following early head injuries.
Promoter of the mouse gene encoding calcium-independent nitric oxide synthase confers inducibility by interferon gamma and bacterial lipopolysaccharide

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) can be expressed by many types of mammalian cells in response to diverse signals acting synergistically, including cytokines and microbial products. We previously showed that induction of iNOS in mouse macrophages by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was at the transcriptional level. From a mouse genomic library, we now cloned a 1,749-bp fragment from the 5'-flanking region of the iNOS gene, and used S1 nuclease mapping and primer extension to identify the mRNA transcription start site within it. The mRNA initiation site is preceded by a TATA box and at least 22 oligonucleotide elements homologous to consensus sequences for the binding of transcription factors involved in the inducibility of other genes by cytokines or bacterial products. These include 10 copies of IFN-gamma response element; 3 copies of gamma-activated site; 2 copies each of nuclear factor-kappa B, IFN-alpha-stimulated response element, activating protein 1, and tumor necrosis factor response element; and one X box. Plasmids in which all or the downstream one half or one third of this region of iNOS were linked to a reporter gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase were transfected into cells of the RAW264.7 macrophage-like line. All these constructs conferred inducibility of the iNOS promoter by LPS, but only the construct containing all 1,749 bp conferred synergistic inducibility by IFN-gamma plus LPS.
An Empirical Study of Software Piracy

In the 1950s, when computer programs first began to be used in the scientific community, software copyright issues were ignored (Samuelson 1993). Computer programs were often developed by one researcher and then further improved or extended by others in the same field. Afterwards, as personal computers began to be widely used by the general public, commercial developers began to create computer programs to meet the increasing demands of the software market. Commercial developers invest a lot of resources in new computer software but such software is relatively easy to copy (that is, to steal). The protection of ownership of software rights has therefore become an important issue. ‘‘Software piracy’’ can be defined as the unauthorised use of computer software or the unauthorised distribution of copies of software without permission being given by the owner (BSA 2002). More than US$10.97 billion was lost worldwide in 2001 due to software piracy (BSA 2002). However, the situation had improved in 2001, as compared with 2000. The revenue loss of the worldwide software industry due to software piracy amounted to S$10.97 billion in 2001, a 6.7% decrease from 2000 (BSA 2002). However, taking into consideration the global reduction of software prices, the software piracy problem was still a very significant problem for the software industry. In the Asia-Pacific region, the average piracy rate was 54% in 2001, meaning that 54% of all software used in the region was pirated software. However, an interesting picture appears in the statistics provided by BSA (2002). Table 1 shows that, the piracy rates of some developed countries in the region in 2001 were relatively low, such as Australia (27%), New Zealand (25%) and Japan (37%). But in other (developing) countries, such as China and Vietnam, the piracy rates were more than 90%. In mainland China for example, 92% of the software installed during 2001 was pirated (see Table 1). This resulted in an estimated loss to the copyright owners of US$1.66 billion (BSA 2002).
A Study on Cultural Consumption of Korean Adults of the early 21st Century

Abstract The purpose of this research is to study characteristics of Korean adults in the cultural consumption in the first decade of the early 21st century based on . The whole course of the cultural consumption of Korean adult from 2000 to 2010 has been steadily on the upswing. For Korean adults, the first decade of the early 21st century is the time when mass culture had been generalized in their cultural consumption, regardless of any generations. Besides, the twenties have been proved to be the core generation of the cultural consumption in Korean society. Key Words : Korean adult, cultural consumption, high-class culture, mass culture, cultural participation 1. 문제제기 우리가 살고 있는 이 시대는 문명발달사 측면에서는 산업 사회에서 정보 사회로, 경제적 내지 사회적 활동 측면에서는 생산 중심 사회에서 소비자 중심 사회로 변화하였다(Zygmunt Bauman, 1988)[1]. 생산이 양적(quantity) 차원이라면 소비는 삶의 질(quality) 차원과 관련이 깊다고 볼 수 있으므로 이러한 소비자 중심사회에로의 변화는 무엇보다 삶의 질에 대한 관심과 결부되어 있다고 할 수 있다(R.J. Rogerson, A.M. Findlay,
The Welsh Devolution Referendum

This article seeks to place the 1997 referendum on the Labour government's plans to establish an elected Welsh Assembly into the context of the debate on devolution as it has developed in Wales since 1979, when broadly similar proposals were overwhelmingly rejected by the Welsh electorate. The authors argue that given the belated decision to hold the referendum, the particular difficulties created by the Welsh political landscape, and the fact that there was no real attempt to develop a broad-based consensus behind the proposals before the 1997 general election, the fact that the proposals were finally approved -albeit by the narrowest of margins - represents a substantial achievement for the pro-devolutionists.
Training improves glucose homeostasis in rats during exercise via glucose production.

The effects of endurance training (running 1 h/day at 35 m/min, 10% grade) on glucose homeostasis during exercise (running 20 m/min) was studied in 30-h fasted rats. Primed-continuous infusion of [6-3H]- and [U-14C]glucose were employed to assess rates of appearance (Ra), disappearance (Rd), and apparent recycling. Training resulted in a 65% increase in skeletal muscle succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity but did not significantly influence body weight. Resting blood glucose concentrations were not significantly different between controls, 5.01 +/- 0.19 mM, and trained animals, 4.86 +/- 0.16 mM. Exercise resulted in a more rapid decline in blood glucose levels for control animals, reaching a value of 2.35 +/- 0.39 mM at 60 min, compared with 3.69 +/- 0.47 mM for trained animals. Glucose Ra was not significantly different between groups at rest, and rose for both groups during exercise. However, for controls Ra plateaued between 15 and 60 min of exercise at 11.03 +/- 0.73 mumol.100 g-1.min-1, whereas trained animals demonstrated a continuous rise to 17.13 +/- 1.18 mumol.100 g-1.min-1. Glucose Rd values were not significantly different between groups during the first 30 min of exercise but were significantly higher for trained animals during the final 30 min. As a result of the higher glucose Ra, trained animals demonstrated a smaller mean difference between Ra and Rd during exercise when compared with controls, -0.27 +/- 0.14 vs. -0.96 +/- 0.17 mumol.100 g-1.min-1. Trained animals further demonstrated significantly higher rates of glucose carbon recycling during the final 30 min of exercise. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
UniNE at CLEF 2015 Author Identification: Notebook for PAN at CLEF 2015

This paper describes and evaluates an unsupervised authorship verification model called SPATIUM-L1. The suggested strategy can be adapted without any problem to different languages (such as Dutch, English, Greek, and Spanish) with their genre and topic differ significantly. As features, we suggest using the k most frequent terms of the disputed text (isolated words and punctuation symbols with k may vary from 200 to 300). Applying a simple distance measure and a set of impostors, we determine whether or not the disputed text was written by the proposed author. Moreover, based on a simple rule, we can define when there is enough evidence to propose an answer with a high degree of confidence or when the attribution scheme is given without certainty. The evaluations are based on four test collections (PAN AUTHOR IDENTIFICATION task at CLEF 2015).
Multiple Lines of Evidence Risk Assessment of Terrestrial Passerines Exposed to PCDFs and PCDDs in the Tittabawassee River Floodplain, Midland, Michigan, USA

ABSTRACT A site-specific multiple lines of evidence risk assessment was conducted for house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) and eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) along the Tittabawassee River downstream of Midland, Michigan, where concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) in floodplain soils and sediments are greater compared to upstream areas and some of the greatest anywhere in the world. Lines of evidence supporting the population-level assessment endpoints included site-specific dietary- and tissue-based exposure assessments and population productivity measurements during breeding seasons 2005–2007. While a hazard assessment based on site-specific diets suggested that populations residing in the downstream floodplain had the potential to be affected, concentrations in eggs compared to appropriate toxicity reference values (TRVs) did not predict a potential for population-level effects. There were no significant effects on reproductive success of either species. The most probable cause of the apparent difference between the dietary- and tissue-based exposure assessments was that the dietary-based TRVs were overly conservative based on intraperitoneal injections in the ring-necked pheasant. Agreement between the risk assessment based on concentrations of PCDFs and PCDDs in eggs and reproductive performance in both species supports the conclusion of a small potential for population-level effects at this site.
Regulation of Estrogen Receptor α Expression in the Hypothalamus by Sex Steroids: Implication in the Regulation of Energy Homeostasis

Sex differences exist in the complex regulation of energy homeostasis that utilizes central and peripheral systems. It is widely accepted that sex steroids, especially estrogens, are important physiological and pathological components in this sex-specific regulation. Estrogens exert their biological functions via estrogen receptors (ERs). ERα, a classic nuclear receptor, contributes to metabolic regulation and sexual behavior more than other ER subtypes. Physiological and molecular studies have identified multiple ERα-rich nuclei in the hypothalamus of the central nervous system (CNS) as sites of actions that mediate effects of estrogens. Much of our understanding of ERα regulation has been obtained using transgenic models such as ERα global or nuclei-specific knockout mice. A fundamental question concerning how ERα is regulated in wild-type animals, including humans, in response to alterations in steroid hormone levels, due to experimental manipulation (i.e., castration and hormone replacement) or physiological stages (i.e., puberty, pregnancy, and menopause), lacks consistent answers. This review discusses how different sex hormones affect ERα expression in the hypothalamus. This information will contribute to the knowledge of estrogen action in the CNS, further our understanding of discrepancies in correlation of altered sex hormone levels with metabolic disturbances when comparing both sexes, and improve health issues in postmenopausal women.
Real-Time Nonintrusive Monitoring And Prediction Of Driver Fatigue

Passively monitoring a driver’s activities constitutes the basis of an automobile safety system that can potentially reduce the number of accidents by estimating the driver’s focus of attention . In this project a complete accident avoidance system is proposed by determining the driver’s behavior. As the main causes of vehicle accident were related to human factors, they co uld be labeled in one of the main driver’s distraction categories such as drowsiness, yawning and distracted vision. The main causes of the traffic accidents, discovered in the analysis of the driver behavior with the help of our system, will be used for the development of assistant devices and alarm systems that could help the driver to avoid risky situations. In this project we are implementing two image processing tool to get the facial geometry based on Viola Jones algorithm and skin color face detection method combined tracking. Frequencies of eye blinking and eye closure are used as the indication of sleepy and warning sign is then generated for recommendation, secondly outsid e an ego vehicle, road traffic is also analyzed. BP sensor is introduce to check the heart-beat of the driver, if any variation occurs in heart beating stop the car. Ultrasonic sensor is used to measure distance in front of cars. Break failure also detected.
Taking Stock in Children: Collaborating to Promote Success for Low-lncome Secondary Students

As population demographics in the United States continue to shift and issues of educational reform are being considered, the promotion of academic success for all children is an ongoing agenda for educators, citizens, and politicians. To provide high-quality education for students from low socioeconomic households and diverse cultural backgrounds, it is essential to examine specific programs and their components that have been shown to be successful with this population. This article examines such program components and describes a specific collaborative program, Take Stock in Children, which has shown positive results in supporting low-income secondary students to prepare for and enroll in higher education.
Development of Sexual Expectancies among Adolescents: Contributions by Parents, Peers and the Media

To expand the scant research on sexual expectancies development among non–sexually active adolescents, we examined the relationship between adolescents' exposure to four socializing agents—mother/female guardian, father/male guardian, peers, and television programs with high sexual content—and their endorsement of four sexual expectancies: social benefit, pleasure, social risk, and health risk. Data are from Waves 2 and 3 of a three-wave annual longitudinal study conducted among California adolescents, the majority of whom were not sexually active (N = 914, 84%). Structural equation models were conducted to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the socializing agents and the sexual expectancies. Cross-sectional results indicate associations between peer sexual communication and social benefit, pleasure, and social risk expectancies. A positive association was found between exposure to music videos and social benefit expectancies, and a negative association was found between exposure to music videos and health risk expectancies. Longitudinal results suggest that communication with peers positively predicted pleasure expectancies and negatively predicted social risk expectancies. No other socializing agents were associated with any sexual expectancies. An invariance test found that significant correlations were similar across the different age groups. Results suggest that efforts to support positive sexual decision making among non–sexually active adolescents should target peer sexual communication.
A System for the Security Protection of Embedded Binary Programs

Software for which development artifacts are missing is increasingly common and difficult to avoid, including in embedded systems. The lack of development artifacts leaves doubt about whether the software possesses critical security properties and makes enhancement of the software extremely difficult. Embedded systems often have strict resource restrictions/constraints making the application of security enhancements especially difficult. In this paper, we present details of a system that is being developed to provide significant protection against security exploits of embedded systems. The system operates on binary programs. No source code or other development artifacts are required, and the typical size and time constraints of embedded systems are accounted for in the analysis and processing of subject binary programs. Formal verification of security properties is used to eliminate unnecessary security transformations, and transformations are applied by a highly efficient static binary rewriter.
1 Grey relational analysis for hesitant fuzzy sets and 2 interval-valued hesitant fuzzy sets with applications 3 to MADM problems 4

Quantitative and qualitative fuzzy measures have been proposed to hesitant fuzzy sets 9 (HFSs) from different points. However, few of the existing HFSs fuzzy measures refer to the grey 10 relational analysis (GRA) theory. Actually, the GRA theory is very useful in the fuzzy measure 11 domain, which has been developed for such the intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Therefore, in this paper, 12 we apply the GRA theory to the HFSs and interval-valued hesitant fuzzy sets (IVHFS) domain. We 13 propose the HFSs grey relational degree, HFSs slope grey relational degree, HFSs synthetic grey 14 relational degree and IVHFSs grey relational degree, which describe the closeness, the variation 15 tendency and both the closeness and variation tendency of HFSs and closeness of IVHFSs, 16 respectively, greatly enriching the fuzzy measures of HFSs. Furthermore, with the help of the 17 TOPSIS method, we develop the grey relational based MADM methodology to solve the HFSs and 18 IVHFSs MADM problems. Finally, combined with two practical MADM examples about energy 19 policy selection with HFSs information and emergency management evaluation with IVHFSs 20 information, we obtain the most desirable decision results, and compared with the previous 21 methods, the validity, effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed grey relational degree for HFSs 22 and IVHFSs are demonstrated in detail. 23
A Purely Logic-based Approach to Approximate Matching of Semantic Web Services

Most current approaches to matchmaking of semantic Web services utilize hybrid strategies consisting of logic- and non-logic-based similarity measures (or even no logic-based similarity at all). This is mainly due to pure logic-based matchers achieving a good precision, but very low recall values. We present a purely logic-based matcher implementation based on approximate subsumption and extend this approach to take additional information about the taxonomy of the background ontology into account. Our aim is to provide a purely logic-based matchmaker implementation, which also achieves reasonable recall levels without large impact on precision.
Dealing with Diversity: Middle-class Family Households and the Issue of ‘Black’ and ‘White’ Schools in Amsterdam

The urban middle classes often celebrate the diversity of their neighbourhood. As soon as they have children, however, the desire to display symbolic capital may conflict with the need to reproduce cultural capital through the educational system. In the ethnically diverse Amsterdam schooling context, in which parents have free school choice and school access is not determined by fees, the socio-spatial strategies of school choice could be expected to differ from particularly the UK context. Based on in-depth interviews conducted with white middle-class parents in Amsterdam, this study argues that ethnic diversity is a major concern when they are seeing primary schools for their children, but that middle-class fractions have different socio-spatial strategies for managing it. It is argued that, despite differences in terms of housing market and school policies, the strategies of the Amsterdam middle classes are very similar to other contexts, suggesting homologies of class between national contexts.