Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individualized Fortification Based on Measured Macronutrient Content of Human Milk Improves Growth and Body Composition in Infants Born Less than 33 Weeks: A Mixed-Cohort Study

The optimal method for human milk (HM) fortification has not yet been determined. This study assessed whether fortification relying on measured HM macronutrient content (Miris AB analyzer, Upsala, Sweden) composition is superior to fortification based on assumed HM macronutrient content, to optimize the nutrition support, growth, and body composition in infants born at <33 weeks’ gestation. In a mixed-cohort study, 57 infants fed fortified HM based on its measured content were compared with 58 infants fed fortified HM based on its assumed content, for a median of 28 and 23 exposure days, respectively. The ESPGHAN 2010 guidelines for preterm enteral nutrition were followed. Growth assessment was based on body weight, length, and head circumference Δ z-scores, and the respective growth velocities until discharge. Body composition was assessed using air displacement plethysmography. Fortification based on measured HM content provided significantly higher energy, fat, and carbohydrate intakes, although with a lower protein intake in infants weighing ≥ 1 kg and lower protein-to-energy ratio in infants weighing < 1 kg. Infants fed fortified HM based on its measured content were discharged with significantly better weight gain, length, and head growth. These infants had significantly lower adiposity and greater lean mass near term-equivalent age, despite receiving higher in-hospital energy and fat intakes, with a mean fat intake higher than the maximum recommended and a median protein-to-energy ratio intake (in infants weighing < 1 kg) lower than the minimum recommended.
Multi-directional Interpolation For Spatial Error Concealment

An algorithm using multidirectional interpolation is presented for error concealment. In the algorithm, an edge classifier analyzes the values of pels in the blocks surrounding the missing block and determines which edge directions cut through the missing block. Interpolations are performed on a local pel neighborhood along the directions specified by the edge classifier. Then a mixing operation is used to restore the missing block by extracting the features obtained from the different directional interpolations and combining them together. The method of multidirectional interpolation and image mixing has demonstrated very good results when a sufficiently large neighborhood of correlated pels exists. This method of spatial interpolation can be combined with temporal interpolation to provide for a powerful error concealment technique for compressed video signal transmission. >
Cellular cartography: Towards an atlas of the neuronal microtubule cytoskeleton

Microtubules, one of the major components of the cytoskeleton, play a crucial role during many aspects of neuronal development and function, such as neuronal polarization and axon outgrowth. Consequently, the microtubule cytoskeleton has been implicated in many neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. The polar nature of microtubules is quintessential for their function, allowing them to serve as tracks for long-distance, directed intracellular transport by kinesin and dynein motors. Most of these motors move exclusively towards either the plus- or minus-end of a microtubule and some have been shown to have a preference for either dynamic or stable microtubules, those bearing a particular post-translational modification or those decorated by a specific microtubule-associated protein. Thus, it becomes important to consider the interplay of these features and their combinatorial effects on transport, as well as how different types of microtubules are organized in the cell. Here, we discuss microtubule subsets in terms of tubulin isotypes, tubulin post-translational modifications, microtubule-associated proteins, microtubule stability or dynamicity, and microtubule orientation. We highlight techniques used to study these features of the microtubule cytoskeleton and, using the information from these studies, try to define the composition, role, and organization of some of these subsets in neurons.
Mobility and diffusion of protons and deuterons in helium-a runaway effect

The mobility and diffusion of H+ and D+ ions in He gas are calculated classically, based on an accurate ab initio interaction potential. Comparison with corresponding quantal calculations of the zero-field mobility of H+ in He as a function of temperature shows that quantum effects are negligible above 50K, and are only 3% at 10K. Calculations as a function of electric field strength at fixed gas temperature indicate a runaway effect, in which the ions cannot lose enough momentum by collisions to achieve a steady-state average velocity. The drift-tube measurements of Howorka et al. (1979) are consistent with this interpretation.
Deriving Approximations in a Random Effects Model for Multicenter Clinical Trials with Binary Response

The design and analysis of multicenter trials based on a random effects model is well developed for a continuous response, but is less well developed for a binary response. Here we describe a random effects model for a binary response for two treatments and show how maximum likelihood estimates for the unknown treatment difference can be derived using a novel approximation to the likelihood. The suggested approximation is easy to use and seems to be better suited to the problem than the Laplace approximation and the approximation based on adaptive Gaussian quadratures. We also derive an approximation for the Fisher information matrix of the treatment parameters. The results extend those previously reviewed by Agresti and Hartzel (2000).
Research on ART of Image Reconstruction Method for ICT

Industrial computed tomography(ICT) is an advanced means for nondestructive testing.Traditional filtered backprojection(FBP) method required complete projection data,which were often difficult or even impossible to acquire for objective reasons.The algebraic reconstruction technique(ART) was proposed to reconstruct image from incomplete projection data.The factors influencing reconstruction speed and quality of ART were analyzed,the reconstruction quality of the two methods was compared by simulation experiments.The results showed that the reconstruction quality of ART was better than FBP when the projection data were incomplete.
Privacy-Preserving Social Media With Unlinkability and Disclosure

Social media (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\sf SM}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) has become a primary communication tool in the modern world, with an ever-increasing volume of users. Many <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\sf SM}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> users use anonymous nicknames as their public usernames. However, Zhang et al. (2018) were able to demonstrate an attack that can identify users from the contents of their posts. This attack is caused by the fact that two different posts can be guessed to be the same user. Such linking of different posts is called a linkable feature. On the other hand, usually post under an anonymous nickname, but when a post is thrust into the limelight, we may want to claim the post as our own. Unfortunately, however, current SM offers only two options: using an anonymous nickname or publishing under our own name. In other words, the function of disclosure, which is to make some posts public even though they are usually anonymous, has not been realized in existing <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\sf SM}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. In this paper, we propose a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\sf SM}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with unlinkability and disclosure simultaneously, which is achieved by applying a commitment scheme. A commitment scheme consists of commitment and decommitment phases. As for unlinkability, we newly introduce a one-time post name, which is a commitment value of nickname and post. As for disclosure, we use a decommitment phase to one-time post name. We also have demonstrated that our <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\sf SM}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is practically feasible.
Phylogeographic analysis revealed allopatric distribution pattern and biogeographic processes of the widespread pale chub Opsariichthys acutipinnis-evolans complex (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in southeastern China

Understanding phylogeographic patterns of widespread species can provide insights into their speciation processes and guide the conservation and management measures. In the present study, Cyt b sequences were used to investigate the phylogeographic structure of the Opsariichthys acutipinnis-evolans complex in southeastern China. The gene tree revealed six major lineages (lineage A-F) which were distributed allopatrically, with lineage B distributed in the western part (middle Yangtze and Pearl River) and the other lineages in the eastern part (lower Yangtze and coastal waters of southeastern China). Dating of the lineage diversification revealed the early eastward-westward divergence separating lineage A, B, and C during the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene (3.00, 2.61, and 2.12 Ma, respectively), possibly due to the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and subsequent orogenies in southeastern China. The following northward-southward diversification resulted in the separation of lineage D, E, and F in the early-middle Pleistocene (1.33 and 0.95 Ma), likely associated with the enhanced succession of glacial cycles during the Early-Middle Pleistocene transition. Although the genetic divergence of 0.017–0.070 among lineages indicated possible different species, morphological characters failed to separate them. Therefore, they were treated as a species complex. Given the distinct genetic divergence of the various lineages, they were suggested as different evolutionary significant units.
Extracting Attention Information Algorithm Based on Contrast Sensitivity and Markov Chain

Inspired by the research in physiology,a novel algorithm for extracting bottom-up attention information(integration of contrast sensitivity and Markov chain,ACSMC) is proposed in this paper.In our algorithm,the original image is weighted with a contrast sensitivity formula which is a function retinal eccentricity to simulate the mechanism of retinal ganglion.A Markov chain is defined on feature maps.The equilibrium distribution of this chain is taken as saliency values.The average of algorithm cost time and area under receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC) based on the research of neurobiologist demonstrate its effectiveness.
A Structure-Preserving and Illumination-Consistent Cycle Framework for Image Harmonization

Ina composite image, the foreground and background are filmed under different scenarios, such as different lighting conditions, causing inconsistency and reducing the overall realism of the image. Image harmonization aims to generate visually realistic composite images by adjusting the foreground to the background conditions while maintaining the structure. Existing methods focus on adjusting the foreground object by directly training the foreground generation network with the ground truth, neglecting the different roles of the illumination and structure of the foreground in image harmonization. Moreover, the use of background, except for providing illumination, is not thoroughly investigated in this task. In this paper, we propose a structure-preserving and illumination-consistent cycle (SP-IC cycle) framework for image harmonization by exploring the illumination and structure of both the foreground and background. It achieves image harmonization by specifically changing the illumination and keeping the structure instead of ambiguously changing the foreground. Then, an illumination-consistent foreground harmonization cycle is developed to change the foreground illumination, while a structure-preserving cycle is designed to keep the foreground structure. Background information is explored in both cycles to assist in decomposing the illumination and structure of the foreground. In addition, the proposed SP-IC cycle framework can be applied to any image harmonization method to further boost its performance. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves better harmonious image quality than state-of-the-art methods, especially on an illumination-varying dataset.
Electromagnetic (EM) prediction in complex scenarios: advances in percolative modelling

A novel approach to the EM prediction in urban areas, based on the percolation theory, has been investigated; the resulting “no-wave” model doesn’t involve the solution of Maxwell’s equations and it could be a valid alternative to more computationally expensive models. The application of such an approach is affected by some problems related to the characterization of the radiating properties of the propagating wave and to the geometry of the scenario. A modified version of the percolative model has been then explored and a possible solution, based on the definition of opportune correction factors, is proposed. I. INTRODUCTION The EM field level prediction in complex scenarios, such as urban areas, is a problem of a great relevance in radio networks planning; problems related to the continuous human exposition or to the radio coverage designs necessarily ask for accurate and computationally inexpensive modelling approaches. Several models are actually known in th e scientific literature and many of them have been already investigated by the authors ([1]-[5]), each one being especially dedicated in solving specific problems. A novel approach based on the “percolation theory” has been presented in [6] and it could be a desirable alternative to the more CPU expensive ray-tracing algorithms although without losing in accuracy. The actual formulation doesn’t take into account some geometrical properties of the scenario and the dielectric characterization of the radiating source. In this paper some problems related to the application of the novel approach are investigated and possible solutions, based on, e.g., the definition of opportunely evaluated “correction factors”, will be proposed. In section II the basic assumptions of the percolation theory will be described and the prediction model will be derived; results have been investigated by mean of a numerical procedure shown in section III. In section IV some problems related to the application of the percolative model to the EM prediction are shown and possible solutions are proposed. Results are then reported in section V.
ORFEUS Observations of the Foreground Gas toward HD 37903

We analyze H2 and CO absorption along the line of sight toward HD 37903 over the 1045-1060 Å and 1086-1102 Å wavelength regions, which were observed by the Berkeley Extreme and Far-Ultraviolet Spectrometer on the Orbiting and Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer (ORFEUS) telescope. HD 37903 is a bright UV-emitting star embedded in the L1630 molecular cloud, creating the reflection nebula NGC 2023. Using the theory of formation and dissociation of molecular hydrogen in the far-UV spectral range, we derive the physical conditions of the foreground gas toward HD 37903, such as the density n, temperature T, and the UV intensity IUV, by analyzing the H2 lines from the J′′ = 0-5 rotational levels. In addition, we identify the CO absorption band at 1088 Å and calculate the abundance ratio [CO]/[H2] directly, which is found to be 1.3 × 10-7. The higher rotational levels of H2 are excited in the outer boundary of a molecular cloud where UV pumping dominates, while the lower J levels of H2 and other molecules, such as CO, prevail in the neutral core of the cloud. In this regard, our analysis indicates that the observed gas extends from the neutral region to the photodissociation region of NGC 2023 at a distance of 0.2 pc from HD 37903. These results are similar to those found in previous studies of the photodissociation region of NGC 2023 and chemical analysis of the foreground gas toward HD 37903. The total amount of molecular hydrogen, including the gas behind HD 37903, is estimated from the total visual extinction of the dark cloud and our H2 column density of the foreground gas. By measuring the CO and 13CO integrated intensities via radio observations, we find the conversion factor Ntot(H2)/W(CO) to be 1.5 × 1020 cm-2 (K km s-1)-1, which is in accord with canonical conversion factors.
Principle of real-time measurement of deformation on the wing by using two-laser range

A novel method of real-time measurement for aerodynamics deformation of the wing during the flutter by using two-laser range,in which one laser is fixed above the plane and the other is fixed below the plane,is proposed.Based on the datum that are distances between lasers and reflector on wingtip,thus the displacement of the wingtip is acquired by geometry calculating at any moment.The displacement of the point on the surface of the wing is acquired from the database including the function of the aerodynamics deformation of the wing formed by the aerodynamics experimentation.Based on theory of elastic thin plate,a simple two-dimensional example is used to explain the method mentioned above,and emulation is showed.The method proposed here is useful and all-pervading for real-time measurement of deformation of wing during flutter.
Comment on Weinberg's Gauge Theory of CP Nonconservation

We show that if CP violation occurs through the exchange of charged Higgs bosons as recently proposed by Weinberg, then P (and hence CP) is also violated through the exchange of neutral Higgs bosons. Whereas K/sub L/ . -->. 2.pi. is not affected by this additional interaction, the neutron electric dipole moment is, and its value can be well within experimental limits.
NS-GAAFET Compact Modeling: Technological Challenges in Sub-3-nm Circuit Performance

NanoSheet-Gate-All-Around-FETs (NS-GAAFETs) are commonly recognized as the future technology to push the digital node scaling into the sub-3 nm range. NS-GAAFETs are expected to replace FinFETs in a few years, as they provide highly electrostatic gate control thanks to the GAA structure, with four sides of the NS channel entirely enveloped by the gate. At the same time, the NS rectangular cross-section is demonstrated to be effective in its driving strength thanks to its high saturation current, tunable through the NS width used as a design parameter. In this work, we develop a NS-GAAFET compact model and we use it to link peculiar single-device parameters to digital circuit performance. In particular, we use the well-known BSIM-CMG core solver for multigate transistors as a starting point and develop an ad hoc resistive and capacitive network to model the NS-GAAFET geometrical and physical structure. Then, we employ the developed model to design and optimize a digital inverter and a five-stage ring oscillator, which we use as a performance benchmark for the NS-GAAFET technology. Through Cadence Virtuoso SPICE simulations, we investigate the digital NS-GAAFET performance for both high-performance and low-power nodes, according to the average future node present in the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems. We focus our analysis on the main different technological parameters with regard to FinFET, i.e., the inner and outer spacers. Our results highlight that in future technological nodes, the choice of alternative low-K dielectric materials for the NS spacers will assume increasing importance, being as relevant, or even more relevant, than photolithographic alignment and resolution at the sub-nm scale.
The Visual Predictive Check Superiority to Standard Diagnostic (Rorschach) Plots

• O'Reilly RA, Aggeler PM, Leong LS. Studies of the coumarin anticoagulant drugs: The pharmacodynamics of warfarin in man. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1963;42(10):1542-1551 • O'Reilly RA, Aggeler PM. Studies on coumarin anticoagulant drugs Initiation of warfarin therapy without a loading dose. Circulation 1968;38:169-177 Objective: NONMEM users typically demonstrate the adequacy of a model by displaying plots of PRED vs DV or IPRED vs DV along with weighted and unweighted residuals. These are often called the standard diagnostic plots. An alternative way of evaluating a model is to simulate from the final estimates and compare the distribution of the observations with the simulated distribution. A plot of the time course of the observations and prediction interval for the simulated values provides a visual predictive check. The objective of this report is to compare the standard diagnostic plots with the visual predictive check in terms of their ability to suggest improvements to the model structure and confirm the suitability of the final model. Methods: Plasma warfarin concentrations and effects on prothrombin complex activity have been reported by O’Reilly et al. (1, 2). These data were fitted with a one compartment disposition model with first-order input and elimination plus either an immediate effect model, an effect compartment model or a turnover model. The turnover model is known a priori to be the most appropriate mechanistic model. Results: The standard diagnostic plots did not give a clear indication of the best model. There was some indication in the residual plot that the immediate effect model was not performing well at the time of the earliest post treatment prothrombin complex observation. The visual predictive check demonstrated the lack of fit of the direct and effect compartment models both for structural and stochastic components. Conclusion: The standard diagnostic plots should be called Rorschach plots because their interpretation is dependent on the mind of the observer. The visual predictive check is diagnostic of both the fixed and random effects parts of a PKPD model. References: 1. O'Reilly RA, Aggeler PM. Studies on coumarin anticoagulant drugs. Initiation of warfarin therapy without a loading dose. Circulation 1968;38:169-177. 2. O'Reilly RA, Aggeler PM, Leong LS. Studies of the coumarin anticoagulant drugs: The pharmacodynamics of warfarin in man. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1963;42(10):1542-1551.
Mammalian-specific decellularized matrices derived bioink for bioengineering of liver tissue analogues: A review

The absolute shortage of compatible liver donors and the growing number of potential recipients have led scientists to explore alternative approaches to providing tissue/ organ substitutes from bioengineered sources. Bioartificial regeneration of a fully functional tissue/organ replacement is highly dependent on the right combination of engineering tools, biological principles, and materiobiology horizons. Over the past two decades, remarkable achievements have been made in hepatic tissue engineering by converging various advanced interdisciplinary research approaches. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has arisen as a promising state-of-the-art tool with strong potential to fabricate volumetric liver tissue/organ equivalents using viscosity- and degradation-controlled printable bioinks composed of hydrous microenvironments, and formulations containing living cells and associated supplements. Source of origin, biophysiochemical, or thermomechanical properties and crosslinking reaction kinetics are prerequisites for ideal bioink formulation and realizing the bioprinting process. In this review, we delve into the forecast of the potential future utility of bioprinting technology and the promise of tissue/organ- specific decellularized biomaterials as bioink substrates. Afterward, we outline various methods of decellularization, and the most relevant studies applying decellularized bioinks toward the bioengineering of in vitro liver models. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of decellularized material-based bioprinting in the direction of clinical regenerative medicine are presented to motivate further developments.