Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Koszul homology of Cohen-Macaulay rings with linear resolutions

Abstract. The first Koszul homology module of a Cohen-Macaulay ideal witha linear resolution is studied and some new examples of rings of minimal mul-tiplicity are presented. 1. Introduction Let R be a polynomial ring over a field k, and let / be a graded ideal ofR. The algebra S = R/I is Cohen-Macaulay (C-M for short) if the projectivedimension of S as an i? -module is equal to the height of /. The ideal / has ap-linear resolution if / is generated by forms of degree p and if all the mapsof its graded minimal resolution by free . R-modules have linear entries. We saythat S has a p-linear resolution if / does, and that / is C-M if S is.Examples of Cohen-Macaulay algebras with linear resolutions include ringsof minimal multiplicity [17], the coordinate ring of a variety defined by the submaximal minors of a generic symmetric matrix [13], the coordinate ring of a variety defined by the maximal minors of a generic matrix [3], and some facerings [5]. Cohen-Macaulay rings with linear resolutions have been studied by Sally [ 17]for the case p — 2, and by Schenzel [ 18] for the general case; more generalrings with linear resolutions have been examined in [21, 9, 4]. In this work we use some of the techniques introduced by Kustin, Miller, andUlrich [14], and by Vasconcelos [22] to study the Koszul homology of Cohen-Macaulay ideals with linear resolution.We now describe the contents of this paper. In §2 we consider a C-M ideal/ of height g with a p-linear resolution. If g = 2, Avramov and Herzog [ 1 ]have shown that the Koszul homology of / is Cohen-Macaulay. We are ableto prove that if / is generically a complete intersection satisfying g > 3 andp > 2 then the first Koszul homology module of / is not C-M.In §3 we present a somewhat different proof of a result due to Cavaliere,Rossi, and Valla [2] which characterizes C-M rings with linear resolution; such
The effect of spillover on the Granger causality test

In this paper, we investigate the properties of the Granger causality test in stationary and stable vector autoregressive models under the presence of spillover effects, that is, causality in variance. The Wald test and the WW test (the Wald test with White's proposed heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator imposed) are analyzed. The investigation is undertaken by using Monte Carlo simulation in which two different sample sizes and six different kinds of data-generating processes are used. The results show that the Wald test over-rejects the null hypothesis both with and without the spillover effect, and that the over-rejection in the latter case is more severe in larger samples. The size properties of the WW test are satisfactory when there is spillover between the variables. Only when there is feedback in the variance is the size of the WW test slightly affected. The Wald test is shown to have higher power than the WW test when the errors follow a GARCH(1,1) process without a spillover effect. When there is a spillover, the power of both tests deteriorates, which implies that the spillover has a negative effect on the causality tests.
Probing turbulence with seismic observations of α Centauri

Abstract We present two 3D Large Eddy Simulations (LES) of the convection-radiation transition layer for both the A and the B component of the α Centauri binary system. Theoretical oscillation spectra are then calculated from stellar evolutionary models that include the effects of turbulence based on the LES simulations. By taking both non-seismic and seismic observational constraints into account we discuss the possibility to probe turbulence beyond standard 5mixing-length-theory in a star other than Sun.
DNA barcode sequencing discovered the aecial host of Puccinia chunjiei

The telial stage of Puccinia chunjiei was described in 2012 from a single specimen collected in China (DAOM 240982). This species is the closest relative of P. graminis but differs in telial morphology on their grass hosts and in DNA sequences. As part of a DNA-barcoding project for rust herbarium specimens, collections of the aecial stage of P. graminis on Berberis were processed. For one specimen, BPI 1103856, the ITS sequence matched that of P. chunjiei and the aecial morphology differed from P. graminis. An expanded description of P. chunjiei is presented with photographs of the aecial stages of both species.
FRET as a tool for the investigation of the fate of Lipidots contrast agents in vivo

Different approaches have been reported in the recent years for the in vivo delivery and targeting of poorly soluble contrast agents and active ingredients in diseased tissues. In this context, we developed new lipid nanoparticles (Lipidots®) with size being easily varied from 25 to 120 nm. Lipidots® display numerous advantages: they are composed of low-cost and biocompatible lipids; they can be stored in injection-ready formulations for long duration; their manufacturing process is versatile and up-scalable. Several indocyanines have been efficiently encapsulated in the particles while retaining their spectroscopic properties, with emission wavelengths ranging from 500 to 820 nm. Thus, dye loaded-Lipidots® have been proved suitable for both in vitro and in vivo applications. To better understand Lipidots®' behavior in biological systems, formulations based on Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) have been studied. Different pairs of the selected indocyanines were co-encapsulated and calculations proved that transfer efficiency within nanoparticles (i) behaves as in a continuous medium; (ii) depends on local acceptor concentration. Thanks to the local dye concentration dependence of FRET, these formulations are used to understand where and when the particles are assimilated in biological systems. FRET-based Lipidots® contrast agents are also promising tools to enhance imaging contrast in vivo by making a clear difference between circulating and uptaken particles.
The Impact of Equity Incentives on Firm Performance

Based on principal-agent theory, this paper explores whether equity incentives can improve firm performance, and then investigates the relationship between equity incentives, earnings management and firm performance, using a sample of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen listed between year 2011 and 2020. The empirical results show that the implementation of equity incentives in listed companies can significantly improve firm performance; and equity incentives can significantly promote earnings management, which plays a role partly in mediating the effect between equity incentives and firm performance. The investigation further finds that equity incentives are more effective in improving firm performance in firms with low management performance and financing constraints when other factors are equal. This finding helps companies to use earnings management appropriately to strengthen internal control, and set up different incentive plans according to management performance and financing constraints to improve company performance.
Thermodynamics of phase transitions in AdS black holes

Based on fundamental concepts of thermodynamics we examine phase transitions in black holes defined in Anti-de Sitter (AdS) spaces. The examples of Reissner-Nordstrom (RN) AdS and Kerr AdS black holes are discussed. Considering these black holes as grand-canonical ensembles we exhibit and classify a phase transition defined by the discontinuity of specific heat as well as volume expansion coefficient and compressibility. Using standard Ehrenfest's scheme we prove that such phase transitions between the `smaller' and `larger' mass black holes are second order. We also provide the explicit expressions for the critical mass and critical temperature. Also, the distinction between this phase transition with the well known Hawking-Page transition is highlighted.
Nonlinear saturation of relativistic Weibel instability driven by thermal anisotropy

The present paper investigates nonlinear saturation of the relativistic Weibel instability by employing theory and a particle-in-cell simulation technique. It is found that the early phase of the instability is in excellent agreement with linear theory. Qualitative agreement with quasilinear prediction is also found. An analysis based on an alternative magnetic trapping saturation theory reveals that a relativistic formula leads to a substantial discrepancy between theory and simulation. However, excellent agreement is recovered in the nonrelativistic regime. The analysis of the Weibel instability beyond the quasilinear saturation stage reveals an inverse cascade process via a nonlinear decay instability involving electrostatic fluctuation.
Word-initial Voicing Contrast in Khuzestani Arabic Stops

This research generally aimed to gain a better understanding of the stop voicing contrast in Khuzestani Arabic (KhA) by focusing on VOT and vowel onset f0. The potential effects of voicing status, place of articulation, vocalic context, and gender on the word-initial VOT and f0 measurements were investigated. 15 females and 15 males were asked to repeat 31 authentic words three times out of context with no marked intonation pattern. The results showed significant differences between VOT and f0 values as a function of voicing status, among others. In addition word-initially, the statistical analysis indicated significant place-dependent and vocalic-related VOT variations in the context of VOICELESS stops, whereas for f0 the effects of gender, place of articulation, and vocalic context were significant both at the VOICED and VOICELESS levels. Word-initially, in KhA /b, d, ɡ/ are produced with voicing lead, while their VOICELESS counterparts /p, t, k/ have long lag, and the two stops with no VOICED cognate /tˁ, q/ make use of short lag. Overall, KhA exhibits a two-way laryngeal contrast system, and similar to Swedish the two opposite ends of VOT continuum are utilized. Logistic regression models were executed separately for both genders to predict the levels of voicing status and emphaticness. The results revealed that in voicing contrast more weight was given to VOT compared to f0. Lastly, Pearson’s correlation showed a significantly positive linear relationship between the two acoustic parameters in marking the voicing feature of VOICELESS plosives.
General Multi-Level Modeling with Sampling Weights

ABSTRACT In this article we study the approximately unbiased multi-level pseudo maximum likelihood (MPML) estimation method for general multi-level modeling with sampling weights. We conduct a simulation study to determine the effect various factors have on the estimation method. The factors we included in this study are scaling method, size of clusters, invariance of selection, informativeness of selection, intraclass correlation, and variability of standardized weights. The scaling method is an indicator of how the weights are normalized on each level. The invariance of the selection is an indicator of whether or not the same selection mechanism is applied across clusters. The informativeness of the selection is an indicator of how biased the selection is. We summarize our findings and recommend a multi-stage procedure based on the MPML method that can be used in practical applications.
Stress-induced changes in the magnetic properties of some nickel-copper and nickel-cobalt alloys

This paper presents results on the magnetic properties of NiCu and NiCo alloys with compositions in the range 70%–100% Ni. Measurements include coercivity initial susceptibility, maximum differential susceptibility, magnetostriction, and Barkhausen effect emissions. Results revealed a surprising increase in the magnetostriction as a function of magnetic induction B as the copper content increased. The saturation magnetostriction λs was nevertheless found to decrease with copper content. The addition of cobalt reduced the magnitude of the magnetostriction resulting in a change of sign from negative to positive at between 20% and 30% cobalt. Coercivity was found to be little affected by elastic stress, but strongly affected by plastic deformation such as occurs, for example, in cold working. A similar result was true for initial susceptibility. Maximum differential susceptibility was, however, found to be strongly dependent on elastic stress. Results were interpreted in terms of stress induced uniaxial anis.
A Ciência Imitando o Corpo Humano

Uma lingua eletronica a base de filmes ultrafinos de diferentes materiais, utilizando medidas de espectroscopia de impedância, tem se mostrado mais eficiente do que dispositivos semelhantes encontrados na literatura, que utilizam membranas lipidicas ou vidros condutores em medidas potenciometricas, ou diferentes metais como eletrodos de trabalho em voltametria. Essa lingua eletronica apresenta elevada sensibilidade para deteccao e diferenciacao de paladares e bebidas comerciais, sendo que em alguns casos essa distincao e realizada abaixo do limite de percepcao biologico. A simplicidade de aquisicao e analise dos dados experimentais elevam o potencial de aplicacao deste dispositivo em diversas areas.
Global Economic Policy Uncertainty and Financial Market Volatility on Monetary Policy in ASEAN 3

: The economic situation of a country is influenced by global uncertainty. Conflicts between countries, disasters, and pandemics can all contribute to global uncertainty. One of the causes of a country's economy faltering is global economic policy uncertainty and financial market volatility, particularly in countries that have not been as aggressive in adopting monetary policy. The purpose of this study is to look at how global economic turbulence and financial market volatility have affected the evolution of monetary policy in the ASEAN 3 countries of Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines. The focus of this study on global economic turbulence is on the sector of economic growth, interest rates, and global economic policy uncertainty. Financial market volatility, on the other hand, is concerned with topics like as the monetary aggregate, inflation, exchange rates (NER), and the volatility index (VIX). The monetary policy under consideration is linked to the exchange rate's stability. To see the accumulated response of the exchange rate due to the shock of economic uncertainty and financial market volatility, this study used the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) and Vector Autoregressive Panel (VAR-P) methods. Based on the results of the impulse response function (IRF) and variance decomposition (VD) and the results of discussions related to policy implementation in each country, namely Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand, in conclusion, it is necessary to optimize the monetary, macro prudential and payment system policy mix; maintain macroeconomic and financial system stability; and exchange rate stability and foreign exchange market intervention to achieve sustainable economic growth.
POLARIZATION OF BREMSSTRAHLUNG FROM POLARIZED ELECTRONS

The polarization of bremsstrablung emitted from polarized electrons was analyzed in the Born approximation. Spins of the final electron are summed over. Differential cross sections are given, and are integrated over flnal electron directions. The results are valid for all electron energies, subject only to the llmitations on the validity of the Born approximation. Screening is taken into account by using an expcnential atomic form factor. Methods for relativistic spin descriptlon are discussed. (auth)
Solid-fluid interaction analysis by using a multi-material Eulerian finite element method

A multi-material Eulerian finite element method for simulating solid-fluid interaction analyses is proposed in this paper. Although a conventional solid-fluid interaction code models solid and fluid in a Lagrangian and an Eulerian formulation respectively, the present computational framework bases on just the Eulerian formulation for solid and fluid. A mixture theory is used for handling multi-material (solid and fluid) elements. Solid and fluid element stresses are then mixed by considering their density function.
Second Language Testing: Assessing the Psychometric Properties Causes of Second Language Writing Anxiety Scale (SLCWAS) Using Rasch Model Analysis

Purpose. The aim was to develop and validate (SLCWAS)so as to provide support for its application among primary school students. It was postulated the following: (1) the (SLCWAS) was developed for application to primary school students in a Saudi Arabian cultural context; and (2) the (SLCWAS) has appropriate psychometric properties. Methods and Procedure. 190 primary school students were included in this study. CFA was conducted for testing item-factor structure of the scale. The fit indices were found to be Chi square = 32.16 (p < .001), degree of freedom = 190 (χ2 = 32.16; df = 190, χ2/df = 3.24), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = . 07 (p < .05) standardized root mean- square residual (SRMR) = . 05, comparative fit index (CFI) = . 93, non-normed fit index (NNFI) = . 96, goodness of fit index (GFI) = . 96, and adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) = . 95. These outcomes prove that SLCWAS is a valid and reliable measure. Results. Findings indicate that the empirical ICC curves fit well with the expected ICC curves for all the items. the levels of SLCWAS in primary school students are widely distributed. Higher Logits scores indicated that students have higher levels of SLCWAS. Males and females had the same location in answering SLCWAS items and that there was no DIF for the SLCWAS items with respect to gender. Conclusions: SLCWAS was validated in the Rasch analysis with a sample of primary school students. The preliminary reliability investigation revealed a very high internal consistency for the scale.
Injection of Laser Ablation Products into a Liquid in Evacuated Environment: An Alternative Laser Ablation Technique for Fabrication of Colloidal Nanoparticles

We proposed an alternative laser ablation technique for preparing nanoparticles dispersed in a solvent. By setting a solvent, instead of a solid substrate, in an evacuated chamber, ablated materials were injected into the solvent through a gas, resulting in the formation of colloidal nanoparticles. In this study, we demonstrated that colloidal nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution can be prepared using ethylene glycol as the solvent. We also demonstrated that the composition of the nanoparticles produced can be controlled by adjusting the composition of the gas in the chamber.
Joint image registration and reconstruction from compressed multi-view measurements

We present a method for joint reconstruction of a set of images representing a given scene from few multi-view measurements obtained by compressed sensing. We model the correlation between measurements using global geometric transformations represented by few parameters. Then, we propose an algorithm able to jointly estimate these transformation parameters and the observed images from the available measurements. This method is also robust to occlusions appearing in the scene. The reconstruction algorithm minimizes a non-convex functional and generates a sequence of estimates converging to a critical point of this functional. Finally, we demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method using numerical simulations.
Clinical and Ultrasonographic evaluation of patients with Trochanteric Bursitis

Background: Trochanteric bursitis is an inflammation of the greater trochanteric bursa which is a recurrent source of lateral hip pain. Objective: To assess the diagnostic value of 6 clinical tests that can be used to diagnose trochanteric bursitis and utilize ultrasound as an imaging modality to confirm the diagnosis. Patients and Methods: This Cross-sectional study included 85 consecutive patients who had been experienced lateral hip pain in the greater trochanteric area for at least 6 weeks with at least one of the following features: pain on lying on the affected side, pain while climbing stairs or when sitting. Six clinical tests on examination that elicit pressure on the greater trochanteric region were performed to evaluate their value to diagnose trochanteric bursitis and then ultrasound was utilized to confirm the diagnosis. Results: A total of 85 participants were enrolled in the study. Tenderness to deep palpation was the most accurate sign in predicting the diagnosis, with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 81.8%. There were no significant differences between its results and the ultra-sonographic findings (p=0.500). Regarding the other tests, there were significant differences between their results and the results of ultrasound (p< 0.001). Conclusion: Tenderness to deep palpation of the greater trochanter, combined with ultrasound imaging modality, is likely to have the best diagnostic value for evaluation of trochanteric bursitis in patients complaining of lateral hip pain around the greater trochanter region.
Wobbling Accretion Disks, Jets, and Point-symmetric Nebulae

We present numerical calculations of the evolution of an accretion disk that is irradiated by a central source. The parameters chosen represent those of the central star of a planetary nebula. We show that an irradiation-induced warping can occur in the disk and that it is accompanied by a wobbling motion in both the inclination and azimuthal directions. Since jets are assumed to be perpendicular to the inner disk, this motion is capable of producing the “point-symmetric” morphology observed in some nebulae.
Application of balanced neural tree for classifying tentative matches in stereo vision

Here, we present a new application of the supervised learning based classifier in stereo matching. In particular, the chosen classifier is a balanced neural tree. The tentative matches are obtained using the speeded-up robust feature (SURF) matching. The feature vector corresponding to each tentative match is formed based on a similarity measure between SURF descriptors and their neighborhoods in the two stereo images, and these feature vectors are classified into inlier or outlier classes. Further, accuracy of the obtained results have been evaluated in terms of stereovision applications such as in the estimation of the homography and rectification matrices between two stereo images. The experiments based on these stereo estimates show the applicability of the proposed application in the stereo vision.
Quantitative Tests of the Standard Model of Electroweak Interactions

3. WEAK NEUTRAL CURRENTS . 3.1 sin' Ow(mz) MS . 3.2 Neutrino Scattering . 3.3 Atomic Parity Violation . 3.4 Polarized Eleclron Scallering . 4. INTERMEDIATE VECTOR BOSONS . 4. 1 W± and Z Masses . 4.2 Z Decay Rates and Asymmetries . 4.3 Neutrino Counting . 5. TOP QUARK PHYSICS . 5.1 Mass Constraints . 5.2 If Condensation .
Multimodal biometric method based on vein and geometry of a single finger

There are limits to a single biometric observation such as variation in an individual biometric feature due to the condition of a sensor, the health condition of a human, illumination variation and so on. To overcome such limitations, the authors propose a new multimodal biometric approach integrating finger vein recognition and finger geometry recognition at the score level. The method presents three advantages compared to previous works: (i) the proposed multimodal biometric system can be constructed as a tiny device, which uses a finger vein and finger geometry features acquired from a single finger; (ii) the proposed finger geometry recognition, based on Fourier descriptors, is robust to the translation and rotation of a finger; and (iii) the authors obtained better recognition accuracy using the score-level fusion method based on a support vector machine than by other score-level fusion methods such as the MAX, MIN and SUM rules. The results showed that the equal error rate of the proposed method decreased by as much as 1.089 and 1.627% compared with finger vein recognition and finger geometry recognition methods, respectively.