Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrogel Spacer Reduces Rectal Dose during Proton Therapy for Prostate Cancer: A Dosimetric Analysis.

Purpose Proton therapy for prostate cancer may reduce bowel dose and risk of bowel symptoms relative to photon-based methods. Here, we determined the effect of using a biodegradable, injectable hydrogel spacer on rectal dose on plans for treating prostate cancer with intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) or passive scattering proton therapy (PSPT). Materials and Methods Pairs of IMPT and PSPT plans for 9 patients were created from fused computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging scans obtained before and after spacer injection. Calculated values of rectal V40, V60, V70, V80, and maximum dose (Dmax) were compared with Wilcoxon signed rank tests. Displacements at the base (BP), midgland (MP), and apex (AP) of the prostate relative to the anterior rectal wall with the spacer in place were averaged for each patient and correlated with V70 by using linear regression models. Results The presence of a spacer reduced all dosimetric parameters for both PSPT and IMPT, with the greatest difference in V70, which was 81.1% lower for PSPT-with-spacer than for IMPT-without-spacer. Median displacements at BP, MP, and AP were 12 mm (range 7-19), 2 mm (range 0-4), and 1 mm (range 0-5) without the spacer and 19 mm (range 12-23), 10 mm (range 8-16), and 7 mm (range 2-12) with the spacer. Modest linear trends were noted between rectal V70 and displacement for IMPT-with-spacer and PSPT-with-spacer. When displacement was ≥8 mm, V70 was ≤5.1% for IMPT-with-spacer and PSPT-with-spacer. Conclusion Use of biodegradable hydrogel spacers for prostate cancer treatment provides a significant reduction of radiation dose to the rectum with proton therapy. Significant reductions in rectal dose occurred in both PSPT and IMPT plans, with the greatest reduction for IMPT-with-spacer relative to PSPT alone. Prospective studies are ongoing to assess the clinical impact of reducing rectal dose with hydrogel spacers.
A critical perspective on learning outcomes and the effectiveness of experiential approaches in entrepreneurship education: Do we innovate or implement?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to conduct a critical appraisal of how experiential approaches can more effectively enhance the achievement of desired learning outcomes in entrepreneurship education. In particular, the authors critique whether actual learning outcomes can be profitably used to measure effectiveness; and consider how student performance can be evaluated through the twin lenses of implementation or innovation. Design/methodology/approach – The authors undertook a review of both traditional and experiential approaches to entrepreneurship education. In addition to comparing these approaches, the authors critiqued a number of “taken for granted” assumptions regarding the effectiveness of experiential approaches to entrepreneurship education and made recommendations. Findings – Although there is a large body of research on experiential approaches towards entrepreneurship education, the authors know little about how these approaches contribute towards the effective achievement of desired .
The Specialist Discount

Recent scholarship on the returns to labor market specialization often claims that being specialized is advantageous for job candidates. We argue, in contrast, that a specialist discount may occur in contexts that share three features: strong institutionalized mechanisms, candidate profiles with direct investments that signal their value, and a high supply of focused candidates relative to demand. We then test whether there is a specialist discount for graduating elite MBAs, as it is a labor market that exemplifies these conditions under which we expect specialists to be penalized. Using rich data on two graduating cohorts from a top-tier U.S. business school, we show that elite MBA graduates who established a focused (specialized) market profile of experiences relating to investment banking before and during the program were less likely to receive multiple job offers and were offered less in starting-bonus compensation than similar MBA candidates with no exposure or less-focused exposure to investment banking. Our theory and findings suggest that the oft-documented specialist advantage may be overstated.
The Regulation of Accountancy and Accountants

Explores the development of regulations for “Accounting for Research and Development” in four countries: USA, UK, Federal Republic of Germany and Sweden. Seeks to illuminate the processes of accounting regulation in the specific institutional contexts of each advanced capitalist country, with reference to the particular mix of organizing principles of dispersed competition, hierarchical control and spontaneous solidarity.
Intensive lifestyle changes for reversal of coronary heart disease.

CONTEXT The Lifestyle Heart Trial demonstrated that intensive lifestyle changes may lead to regression of coronary atherosclerosis after 1 year. OBJECTIVES To determine the feasibility of patients to sustain intensive lifestyle changes for a total of 5 years and the effects of these lifestyle changes (without lipid-lowering drugs) on coronary heart disease. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial conducted from 1986 to 1992 using a randomized invitational design. PATIENTS Forty-eight patients with moderate to severe coronary heart disease were randomized to an intensive lifestyle change group or to a usual-care control group, and 35 completed the 5-year follow-up quantitative coronary arteriography. SETTING Two tertiary care university medical centers. INTERVENTION Intensive lifestyle changes (10% fat whole foods vegetarian diet, aerobic exercise, stress management training, smoking cessation, group psychosocial support) for 5 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Adherence to intensive lifestyle changes, changes in coronary artery percent diameter stenosis, and cardiac events. RESULTS Experimental group patients (20 [71%] of 28 patients completed 5-year follow-up) made and maintained comprehensive lifestyle changes for 5 years, whereas control group patients (15 [75%] of 20 patients completed 5-year follow-up) made more moderate changes. In the experimental group, the average percent diameter stenosis at baseline decreased 1.75 absolute percentage points after 1 year (a 4.5% relative improvement) and by 3.1 absolute percentage points after 5 years (a 7.9% relative improvement). In contrast, the average percent diameter stenosis in the control group increased by 2.3 percentage points after 1 year (a 5.4% relative worsening) and by 11.8 percentage points after 5 years (a 27.7% relative worsening) (P=.001 between groups. Twenty-five cardiac events occurred in 28 experimental group patients vs 45 events in 20 control group patients during the 5-year follow-up (risk ratio for any event for the control group, 2.47 [95% confidence interval, 1.48-4.20]). CONCLUSIONS More regression of coronary atherosclerosis occurred after 5 years than after 1 year in the experimental group. In contrast, in the control group, coronary atherosclerosis continued to progress and more than twice as many cardiac events occurred.
Detecting event-related changes in organizational networks using optimized neural network models

Organizational external behavior changes are caused by the internal structure and interactions. External behaviors are also known as the behavioral events of an organization. Detecting event-related changes in organizational networks could efficiently be used to monitor the dynamics of organizational behaviors. Although many different methods have been used to detect changes in organizational networks, these methods usually ignore the correlation between the internal structure and external events. Event-related change detection considers the correlation and could be used for event recognition based on social network modeling and supervised classification. Detecting event-related changes could be effectively useful in providing early warnings and faster responses to both positive and negative organizational activities. In this study, event-related change in an organizational network was defined, and artificial neural network models were used to quantitatively determine whether and when a change occurred. To achieve a higher accuracy, Back Propagation Neural Networks (BPNNs) were optimized using Genetic Algorithms (GAs) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). We showed the feasibility of the proposed method by comparing its performance with that of other methods using two cases. The results suggested that the proposed method could identify organizational events based on a correlation between the organizational networks and events. The results also suggested that the proposed method not only has a higher precision but also has a better robustness than the previously used techniques.
Co‐channel interference cancelation at the user terminal in multibeam satellite systems

We study the applicability of soft interference cancelation in the forward link of multibeam satellite systems with focus on mobile terminals. We adopt a standard currently used in commercial satellite systems as a reference. The multibeam satellite antenna radiation diagram has been generated using a physical optics reflector model while a widely adopted channel model has been used for the land mobile satellite channel. The interference pattern has been derived using a system simulator developed by the European Space Agency. Starting from the analysis of the interference pattern, we study the application of a low‐complexity soft interference cancelation scheme for commercial applications. Our results show that, under realistic conditions, a two‐colors frequency reuse scheme can be employed while guaranteeing service availability across the coverage and keeping the complexity at the user terminals relatively low. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Progress in neural plasticity

One of the properties of the nervous system is the use-dependent plasticity of neural circuits. The structure and function of neural circuits are susceptible to changes induced by prior neuronal activity, as reflected by shortand long-term modifications of synaptic efficacy and neuronal excitability. Regarded as the most attractive cellular mechanism underlying higher cognitive functions such as learning and memory, activity-dependent synaptic plasticity has been in the spotlight of modern neuroscience since 1973 when activity-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) of hippocampal synapses was first discovered. Over the last 10 years, Chinese neuroscientists have made notable contributions to the study of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of synaptic plasticity, as well as of the plasticity beyond synapses, including activity-dependent changes in intrinsic neuronal excitability, dendritic integration functions, neuron-glia signaling, and neural network activity. This work highlight some of these significant findings.
The Biosynthesis of Methylated Amino Acids in the Active Site Region of Methyl-coenzyme M Reductase*

The global production of the greenhouse gas methane by methanogenic archaea reaches 1 billion tons per annum. The final reaction releasing methane is catalyzed by the enzyme methyl-coenzyme M reductase. The crystal structure of methyl-coenzyme M reductase from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicumrevealed the presence of five modified amino acids within the α-subunit and near the active site region. Four of these modifications were C-, N-, and S-methylations, two of which, 2-(S)-methylglutamine and 5-(S)-methylarginine, have never been encountered before. We have now confirmed these modifications by mass spectrometry of chymotryptic peptides. With methyl-coenzyme M reductase purified from cells grown in the presence of l-[methyl-D3]methionine, it was shown that the methyl groups of the modified amino acids are derived from the methyl group of methionine rather than from methyl-coenzyme M, an intermediate in methane formation. The D3 labeling pattern was found to be qualitatively and quantitatively the same as in the two methyl groups of the methanogenic coenzyme F430, which are known to be introduced viaS-adenosylmethionine. From the results, it is concluded that the methyl groups of the modified amino acids in methyl-coenzyme M reductase are biosynthetically introduced by anS-adenosylmethionine-dependent post-translational modification. A mechanism for the methylation of glutamine at C-2 and of arginine at C-5 is discussed.
Forecasting Volatility on the U.K. Stock Market: A Test of the Conditional Autoregressive Range Model

This paper examines the empirical performance of the conditional autoregressive range (CARR) model proposed by Chou (2004). Analyzing daily data on the U.K. stock market over the period 1990 to 2000, we find that the CARR model produces sharper volatility forecasts than the commonly adopted model, the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model. Furthermore, we find that the inclusion of the lagged return and trading volume can significantly improve the forecasting ability of the CARR model. Our empirical results also suggest the existence of a leverage effect in the U.K. stock market.
Demand-Side Theory and Congressional Committee Composition: A Constituency Characteristics Approach

Theory: Recent work on congressional committee composition suggests that the informational or partisan models better explain legislative structure than models based on "distributive" politics. We argue that in many instances a gains from exchange model, where committees are composed of members representing highdemand constituencies, is more appropriate. Hypotheses: The gains from exchange theory of congressional structure argues that congressional committees will be composed of representatives who come from congressional districts with higher demand for the policy benefits that each committee controls. In contrast to previous findings that committees are frequently ideologically representative of the entire chamber, these gains from exchange models suggest that a more accurate test of the policy needs of legislators would incorporate economic, social, and geographic information about the congressional districts that they represent. Methods: Census data, as well as information from several other sources, are collected for every congressional district from 1943 to 1994. District profiles on certain key characteristics for committee members are compared with those of the chamber using a nonparametric Monte Carlo simulation (difference-in-medians) test. The membership of 13 standing House committees is examined across 50 years. Results: Several committees are found to be composed of members representing districts whose characteristics indicate that they have high levels of "need" for the policy benefits under the jurisdiction of that committee. These findings, frequently consistent across time, apply to both committees that are traditionally considered constituency service-oriented and several that are thought to be more "policy oriented. "
Molecular Aspects of Circadian Pharmacology and Relevance for Cancer Chronotherapy

The circadian timing system (CTS) controls various biological functions in mammals including xenobiotic metabolism and detoxification, immune functions, cell cycle events, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Although the importance of the CTS is well known in the pharmacology of drugs, it is less appreciated at the clinical level. Genome-wide studies highlighted that the majority of drug target genes are controlled by CTS. This suggests that chronotherapeutic approaches should be taken for many drugs to enhance their effectiveness. Currently chronotherapeutic approaches are successfully applied in the treatment of different types of cancers. The chronotherapy approach has improved the tolerability and antitumor efficacy of anticancer drugs both in experimental animals and in cancer patients. Thus, chronobiological studies have been of importance in determining the most appropriate time of administration of anticancer agents to minimize their side effects or toxicity and enhance treatment efficacy, so as to optimize the therapeutic ratio. This review focuses on the underlying mechanisms of the circadian pharmacology i.e., chronopharmacokinetics and chronopharmacodynamics of anticancer agents with the molecular aspects, and provides an overview of chronotherapy in cancer and some of the recent advances in the development of chronopharmaceutics.
Cystic ﬁbrosis: selecting the prenatal screening strategy of choice

Cystic ﬁbrosis is a serious disorder. Research into the treatment of affected individuals is in progress, but a cure is not expected in the near future. In this review, we demonstrate that prenatal screening for cystic ﬁbrosis meets the requirements for a worthwhile screening programme. We explain the reasons that have led us to conclude that one approach (‘couple screening’) is the method of choice. The couple-based approach calls for reporting results to the couple as a unit. Only if both parents are found to be carriers is the result designated screen-positive and an amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling offered. This offers a substantial reduction in the proportion of women with unaffected pregnancies with positive results (the false-positive rate) compared with other methods without reducing the detection of affected pregnancies. It also avoids creating a screen-positive group for which no deﬁnitive diagnosis is available. This is a problem with other screening methods. The couple method can achieve a 72% detection rate for a 0.1% false-positive rate. The screening method is simple, non-invasive, reliable, safe and reasonably cost effective. Existing programmes have shown that screening using this method is acceptable to health care professionals and patients. Setting up a national prenatal screening programme for cystic ﬁbrosis is timely and should be implemented using the couple screening method. Copyright  2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of capacitor bank and OLTC operation on energy savings

In this paper the impact of load side reactive power management in the power distribution system on energy saving and other technical parameters like Voltage profile and power transmission elements loading has been analyzed. MiPower system study package is used to carry out the analysis. In this paper, the impact of shunt capacitor bank has been studied on practical 132/33 kV Chambal GSS of Jaipur city. This paper presents how shunt capacitor banks which are already installed can work effectively without installing new devices for reactive power control.
Hip Joint Mobility and Spinal Angles in Standing and in Different Sitting Postures

The spinal angles of 25 female subjects were measured in standing and in four different sitting postures with various trunk-thigh angles. Additionally, measurements of hip and lumbar mobility were made in an attempt to relate mobility to spinal curvature in the different sitting postures. Lumbar curvature was observed to decrease as the trunk-thigh angle decreased across the different sitting postures, and reduction in curvature was associated with hip mobility. An exploratory analysis of interrelationships among hip mobility, spinal mobility, and spinal curvature was also carried out. A significant correlation between lumbar and thoracic angular deviations in standing and hip flexion/extension range was obtained. The findings are discussed with reference to theories of sitting posture and the influence of hip joint mobility on postural adaptations to furniture. Further investigations, including studies of male subjects, are indicated.
Evidence for the expression of three different BoLA‐class II molecules on the bovine BL‐3 cell line: determination of a non‐DR non‐DQ gene product

Studies were conducted to determine the reactivity of six monoclonal antibodies specific for major histocompatibility complex class II molecules expressed on a bovine B cell line homozygous for BoLA‐DR and BoLA‐DQ alleles. Direct immunoprecipitation, serial immunodepletion experiments, and two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that these antibodies reacted with three different molecules. Bovine orthologues of HLA‐DR were recognized by three monoclonal antibodies—H34A, TH12A, and TH14B. Orthologues of HLA‐DQ, were characterized by two other monoclonal antibodies, TH22A and TH81A. A third BoLA class II antigen, neither DR nor DQ was revealed by the last monoclonal antibody H42A. The relation of this molecule to known molecules in humans and other species remains to be established. However, cumulative data suggest that the determinant is expressed on a molecule related to HLA‐DP. J. Leukoc. Biol. 56: 182–186; 1994.
Structure and function of alpine and arctic soil microbial communiti

Cultivation-independent molecular phylogenetic techniques are now widely employed to examine environmental microbial d however, the relationship between microbial community structure and ecosystem function is unclear. This review synthesizes c independent views of microbiological diversity with our current understanding of nutrient dynamics in alpine and arctic soils. Rece have begun to explore connections between microbial community structure and function in soils from the alpine Niwot Ridge LTE Colorado, USA, whose ecology has been extensively investigated for over 50 years. We examined the diversity of bacterial, euc archaeal small subunit rRNA genes in tundra and talus soils across seasons in the alpine. This work has provided support for seasonal shifts in specific microbial groups, which correlate well with previously documented transitions in microbial processes. In these preliminary results suggest that the physiologies of certain groups of organisms may scale up to the ecosystem level, pr basis for testable hypotheses about the function of specific microbes in this system. These studies have also expanded on the kno of life, as these soils harbor bacterial and eucaryotic lineages that are distantly related to other known organisms. In contrast to microbial diversity in the arctic has been little explored; only three published studies have used molecular techniques to examine t Because of the importance of these systems, particularly to the global C cycle, and their vulnerability to current and impendin change, the microbial diversity of these soils needs to be further investigated.  2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.
External Validation of a Gastric Cancer Nomogram Derived from a Large-volume Center Using Dataset from a Medium-volume Center

Purpose Recently, a nomogram predicting overall survival after gastric resection was developed and externally validated in Korea and Japan. However, this gastric cancer nomogram is derived from large-volume centers, and the applicability of the nomogram in smaller centers must be proven. The purpose of this study is to externally validate the gastric cancer nomogram using a dataset from a medium-volume center in Korea. Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed 610 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer from August 1, 2005 to December 31, 2011. Age, sex, number of metastatic lymph nodes (LNs), number of examined LNs, depth of invasion, and location of the tumor were investigated as variables for validation of the nomogram. Both discrimination and calibration of the nomogram were evaluated. Results The discrimination was evaluated using Harrell's C-index. The Harrell's C-index was 0.83 and the discrimination of the gastric cancer nomogram was appropriate. Regarding calibration, the 95% confidence interval of predicted survival appeared to be on the ideal reference line except in the poorest survival group. However, we observed a tendency for actual survival to be constantly higher than predicted survival in this cohort. Conclusions Although the discrimination power was good, actual survival was slightly higher than that predicted by the nomogram. This phenomenon might be explained by elongated life span in the recent patient cohort due to advances in adjuvant chemotherapy and improved nutritional status. Future gastric cancer nomograms should consider elongated life span with the passage of time.