Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A High-Throughput Toom-Cook-4 Polynomial Multiplier for Lattice-Based Cryptography Using a Novel Winograd-Schoolbook Algorithm

Polynomial multiplication over rings is a significant bottleneck of ring learning with error (RLWE)-based encryption. To speed it up, the number theoretic transform (NTT) and Toom-Cook-4 (TC4) are commonly used algorithms. Compared with NTT, TC4 is less restrictive and more flexible. However, there is a large opportunity at the algorithm level to improve the Schoolbook algorithm and postprocessing of TC4. Therefore, we propose a novel and efficient Winograd-Schoolbook algorithm that reduces multiplication by 29.1% (N = 256). We also propose a fused and low-density postprocessing that simplifies the algorithm flow and reduces multiplication by 56.25%. In total, these two-part improvements reduce the multiplication of TC4 by 32.47%. A high throughput and efficiency TC4 polynomial multiplier (TCMW) is proposed to speed up polynomial multiplication over rings. In TCMW, a highly parallel full pipelined structure without data waiting between modules is designed to make the parallelism of each module match and avoid the storage of intermediate results. In addition, based on the improved TC4, data buffers with data reuse, elementwise vector multiplication (EWVM) arrays, and efficient interpolation arrays are all designed to improve the performance and efficiency of TCMW. Implemented on the Xilinx VC709 field programmable gate array (FPGA) platform, TCMW can perform a TC4-based <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$256\times 256$ </tex-math></inline-formula> polynomial multiplication over rings with an unrestricted modulus (as long as its factors do not contain 3 or 5) every <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.89~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> s at a 385 MHz clock frequency. Compared with prior designs of TC4, under the same conditions, the throughput of TCMW achieves an improvement of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.91\times \,\,\sim \,\,7.71\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and the efficiency of LUT and DSP achieve improvements of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.31\times \,\,\sim \,\,3.67\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.87\times \,\,\sim \,\,4.92\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively.
Diagnosis of Power Transformer Internal Fault Based on Denoising Autoencoder and Optimized Convolutional Neural Network

For power transformer protection, differential protection has long been engaged as the main protection scheme. However, it still suffers from the risk caused by inrush currents, which may result in relay mal-operation. For the purpose of improving the reliability of differential protection and decreasing the risk of false trips, a data driven fault diagnosis method based on differential current is presented in this paper, using denoising autoencoder (DAE) and convolutional neural network (CNN) optimized by the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO), to make a discrimination between internal fault and inrush currents. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified on the data generated by a simulation model established in PSCAD/EMTDC and data collected from laboratory experiment. The simulation results indicate that even under certain extreme conditions such as current transformer (CT) saturation, series capacitor (SC) compensation, superconducting fault limiter (SFCL), the proposed method still exhibits an outstanding performance. Meanwhile, an extensive comparison with several state-of-the art methods demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method.
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR A SMALL RIVER BASIN USING A PROCESS-BASED NUMERICAL MODEL OF COUPLED SURFACE WATER/GROUNDWATER FLOW

We present an assessment of the sensitivity of hydrologic response (river discharge, aquifer recharge, and soil water storage) to future climate conditions using a fully coupled numerical model of surface and subsurface flow. The study area is the Des Anglais River basin located in southwestern Quebec, Canada. The future climate projection (2041-2070) is constructed by applying to an observed daily dataset (1961- 1990) a monthly deviation factor extracted from projections generated by the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM). Results comparing projections obtained with the land surface scheme that is coupled to the CRCM model to those obtained with the coupled surface/subsurface model are also presented for both past and future periods. INTRODUCTION Assessing climate change impacts on freshwater resources requires analysis of important hydrodynamic feedbacks between the land surface, soil, and groundwater zones. This analysis is best addressed with detailed, distributed-parameter numerical models that represent the feedbacks in a physically consistent manner. In this work a coupled, process-based model of surface water and groundwater flow is applied to a medium-sized catchment (690 km 2 ) in order to investigate climate change impacts on both aggregated and distributed measures of hydrologic response. STUDY AREA The des Anglais river basin (Figure 1) has a drainage area of 690 km 2 and an average discharge of 300 x 10 6 m 3 per year at its outlet. It is the largest sub- catchment of the transboundary Chateauguay River watershed, and has an elevation range from 30 m to 400 m. The aquifer system is part of the St. Lawrence Lowlands and consists of Cambrian to Middle Ordovician sedimentary rocks that are slightly deformed and fractured. Unconsolidated sediments of glacial and post-glacial origin overlie the bedrock aquifer and are of varying thickness, reaching 40 m in the northernmost portion.
MODELING THE PHENOLOGY AND SPREAD OF TAMARIX BEETLE INFESTATION AND IMPACT ON WATER SAVINGS

We summarize preliminary findings of our assessment of phenology and water use (sap flux and satellite-derived evapotranspiration (ET) rates) in two adjacent stands of beetle-infested saltcedar (Tamarix Spp.) stands on the Dolores River, Utah, USA. A 10 m tower was erected in each stand prior to 2008. Beetle damage was measured using canopy cover from images taken from tower-mounted visible and infrared cameras (“phenocams”). Time-lapse image sets from the cameras were compared with fine-scale estimates of water use using stem sap flow measurements conducted over three growing seasons (2007-2009). Fractional cover from tower phenocams was comparable to cover from MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). Also, EVI was combined with meteorological data to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) at 15 release sites throughout the western USA. ET was estimated at 16-day intervals from 2000-2009, encompassing pre- and post-release periods at each site. Ground data included leaf area index (LAI) data from an LAI2000, canopy cover via camera, vegetation structure, composition, phenology, and litter traps. Preliminary results from the sap flux, phenocams and imagery show that both cover and plant transpiration fell dramatically during or shortly after the defoliated period, but recovered when new leaves were produced each year. Baseline ET rates were low, 2-6 mm d -1 in summer (<0.5 potential ET). At 4 of 15 sites, estimated ET by MODIS decreased markedly after release. At other sites, no decrease in ET was detected. ET tended to recover to pre-release levels at affected sites. Potential water salvage was constrained to the period of defoliation.
The Taming of the Shrew: Mitigating Low-Rate TCP-Targeted Attack

A Shrew attack, which uses a low-rate burst carefully designed to exploit TCP's retransmission timeout mechanism, can throttle the bandwidth of a TCP flow in a stealthy manner. While such an attack can significantly degrade the performance of all TCP-based protocols and services including Internet routing (e.g., BGP), no existing scheme clearly solves the problem in real network scenarios. In this paper, we propose a simple protection mechanism, called SAP (Shrew Attack Protection), for defending against a Shrew attack. Rather than attempting to track and isolate Shrew attackers, SAP identifies TCP victims by monitoring their drop rates and preferentially admits those packets from victims with high drop rates to the output queue. This is to ensure that well-behaved TCP sessions can retain their bandwidth shares. Our simulations indicate that under a Shrew attack, SAP can prevent TCP sessions from closing, and effectively enable TCP flows to maintain high throughput. SAP is a destination-port-based mechanism and requires only a small number of counters to find potential victims, which makes SAP readily implementable on top of existing router mechanisms.
O ct 2 00 2 Elasticity and onset of frictional dissipation at a non-sliding multicontact interface

We measure the elastic and dissipative responses of a multicontact interface, formed between the rough surfaces of two contacting macroscopic solids, submitted to a biased oscillating shear force. We evidence that beyond a linear viscoelastic regime, observed at low shear amplitude, the interface response exhibits a dissipative component which corresponds to the onset of frictional dissipation. The latter regime exists whereas the tangential force applied, far from the nominal static threshold, does not provoke any sliding. This result, akin to that of Mindlin for a single contact , leads us to extend his model of 'microslip' to the case of an interface composed of multiple microcontacts. While describing satisfactorily the elastic response, the model fails to account quantitatively for the observed energy dissipation, which, we believe, results from the fact that the key assumption of local Coulomb friction in Mindlin's model is not legitimate at the sub-micrometer scale of the microslip zones within microcontacts between surface asperities.
Melt Segregation in the Lower Part of the Partially Molten Mantle Zone beneath an Oceanic Spreading Centre: Numerical Modelling of the Combined Effects of Shear Segregation and Compaction

The physical processes capable of concentrating melt within the lower part of the partially molten mantle horizon beneath an oceanic spreading centre have been considered using one-dimensional numerical models that take into account the effects of shear segregation during ductile deformation, compaction and liquid^solid surface tension.These models show that when the viscosity of the solid fraction of the mantle is constant, shearsegregation is too slow to be a geologically relevant process. However, if, as suggested experimentally, the ductility of the solid fraction of the mantle increases in the presence of interstitial melt, shear segregation is found to develop on time-scales compatible with mantle upwelling.The critical melt fraction at which shear segregation occurs is predicted to be positively correlated with the melt-free viscosity of the mantle, a value of (cid:1) 5% being typical for simulations run with a melt-free viscosity of 10 18 Pa s. No characteristic length scale is found for this segregation, suggesting that melt will tend to concentrate at the length scale at which it is produced (i.e. that of mantle olivine grains). At face value this would imply that shear is not an efficient mechanism to concentrate liquid. However, segregation will occur parallel to the direction of compression, such that towards the bottom of the zone of partial melting beneath an oceanic spreading centre, horizontal veins are expected. Because of the local extraction of the interstitial melt, these horizontal veins will drastically reduce vertical permeability, a fact that will trigger compaction in that direction. In this case, rapid formation of melt-rich horizons approximately one compaction length in height is predicted. High permeability and high melt-free viscosity both act to efficiently drain liquid from throughout the lower region of the melting column, leading to the formation of thick widely spaced compaction waves. On the other hand, low values of these parameters lead to formation of thin closely spaced horizons derived from locally produced liquids. Liquid contained in these melt-rich horizons will be transported through the uppermost mantle, either in horizontal structures if the viscosity of the mantle is high ( 4 10 19 Pa s), or rapidly drained towards the surface if the direction of compression rotates vertically, a situation expected if the viscosity of the melt-free mantle is (cid:1) 10 18 Pa s.This complex interplay of shear segregation, compaction and regional stress fields may potentially help to explain certain geochemical and petrological features of rocks from mid-ocean ridges and ophiolite complexes, such as the apparent lack of interaction of mid-ocean ridge basalt-like liquids with the uppermost mantle and the planar geometry of dissolution channels observed in ophiolite complexes.
Unexpectedly high aerosol load in the free troposphere over central Europe in spring/summer 2003

We observed particle extinction coefficients of 5–30 Mm−1 and particle optical depths of 0.03–0.11 at UV and visible wavelengths in the free troposphere from May to July, 2003. In May and early June distinct aerosol layers could be observed above the boundary layer (typically between 3–7‐km height). In contrast, the aerosol distribution became vertically more homogeneous and stretched to the tropopause by the end of June and in July. Most probably, severe forest fires in Siberia in the spring of 2003 caused this enhanced free tropospheric background. The observations were made with a Raman lidar operating at 355 and 532‐nm wavelength at Leipzig, Germany. This lidar allows a clear identification of aged smoke in terms of spectrally resolved backscatter and extinction coefficients, particle optical depths, Ångström exponents, extinction‐to‐backscatter ratios, and depolarization ratio.
ICP Materials: long-term studies at the Lahemaa monitoring station, Estonia

The UNECE International Co-operative Programme on Effects on Materials, including Historic and Cultural Monuments (ICP Materials) is an ongoing research programme in the framework of which air pollution and the effect of climate on the corrosion and soiling of various natural and synthetic materials, among them on historic and cultural monuments, is studied. So far these studies have revealed that even though air pollution has continuously declined in Estonia, no significant reduction in corrosion on the displayed sample plates at the Lahemaa test site could be observed. The present article is based on annual data on the corrosion of carbon steel, zinc, and limestone and the soiling of modern glass in the air at the Estonian Lahemaa observation station from the period 2008–2009 and the relevant environmental data (pollution and climate). For comparison the material corrosion data from the Lahemaa station for 1997–2006 are used. In 2002–2003 the corrosion loss of zinc and in 2005–2006 the loss of Portland limestone increased at Lahemaa. The data from the Lahemaa station for 2005–2006 and 2008–2009 indicate that the estimated corrosion rate exceeds the 2020 target for limestone, which is 8 μm per year.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MOLECULAR SIMULATION Replica-exchange molecular dynamics simulation for understanding the initial process of amyloid peptide aggregation

Replica-exchange molecular dynamics simulation for understanding the initial process of amyloid peptide aggregation Naohiro Nishikawa*, Phuong H. Nguyen, Philippe Derreumaux and Yuko Okamoto Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan; Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, UPR 9080, CNRS Université Denis Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité IBPC, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Structural Biology Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan; Center for Computational Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan; Information Technology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
MODIS-based Retrieval of Atmospheric Water Vapor Content in Northeast China

Based on MODIS data during June to August in 2008,the atmospheric water vapor content in Northeast China was retrieved by using the two-channel and the three-channel ratio method.The results showed that the two-channel ratio method performed better for the water vapor retrieval in Northeast China,and the determination coefficient for the regression of the retrieved water vapor against the measured value was 0.81. Further more,the comparison of estimated vapor content and real ground data from the sounding stations over the woodland,cropland and grassland revealed that two-channel ratio method was better than three-channel ratio method,and woodland obtained the highest retrieval precision with the determination coefficient of 0.92. Finally,the spatial distribution characteristic of vapor content was analyzed by comparing the data retrieved from the two-channel ratio method with land-use classification data.The atmospheric water vapor content was closely correlated with land-use types when other conditions were similar.Except for dry cropland,the order of average vapor content for different types of land use was basically the same: water-bodypaddy-fieldwoodlandgrasslandunused,which was consistent with the evapo-transpiration pattern of underlying surface.
Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Parallel architectures and compilation techniques

It is our pleasure to welcome you to the 17th International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques (PACT 2008). PACT brings together researchers from computer architecture, compilers, applications, and programming languages to present and discuss research of common interest. PACT 2008 features research on a broad range of topics, including parallel architectures, compilers, tools, benchmarks, I/O, reconfigurable architectures, middleware and runtime systems, hardware support for multithreading, and memory hierarchy design and programming. There were 159 submissions to the conference, a strong number of submissions again. The submitted papers underwent a thorough review process. Each paper was assigned to at least 3 program committee members to review. For most papers, at least one external review from an outside expert was obtained as well. There was an author feedback period, where authors could provide feedback on preliminary reviews. Authors could address questions from reviewers and correct factual errors. The program committee did an admirable job of reviewing the papers in a relatively short time frame. On average, each committee member had about 21 papers to review. Committee members were assigned papers in early April and reviews were due on Monday, May 19th to accommodate the author feedback period. The author feedback period was from May 21st to May 23rd . The committee met on Monday, June 2nd at Stanford University. The committee accepted 30 papers, for an acceptance rate of about 19%. We are pleased to be meeting in the beautiful city of Toronto, Canada. We hope that you will enjoy Toronto in late October. The technical program includes talks for 30 papers and two keynotes. There is a special event at the CN tower on Tuesday evening, as well as plenty of time for socializing and discussing on-going research. There are also 5 tutorials and 3 workshops the weekend before the main conference.
Montclair State University Digital Montclair State University Digital Commons Commons

Finding the right software is often hindered by different criteria as well as by technology changes. We performed an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis using Expert Choice to determine which data mining package was best suitable for us. Deliberating a dozen alternatives and objectives led us to a series of pair-wise comparisons. When further synthesizing the results, Expert Choice helped us provide a clear rationale for the decision. The issue is that data mining technology is changing very rapidly. Our article focused only on the major suppliers typically available in the market place. The method and the process that we have used can be easily applied to analyze and compare other data mining software or knowledge management initiatives.
Diagenetic albitization of detrital K-feldspars in Jurassic, Lower Cretaceous and Tertiary clastic reservoir rocks from offshore Norway; II, Formation water chemistry and kinetic considerations

ABSTRACT Formation waters from clastic reservoirs offshore Norway are saturated or supersaturated with respect to albite deeper than 2.5 km, and support the view of Saigal et al. (1988) that albitization of K-feldspar is presently active in these sandstones. Thermodynamic and mass constraints show that the albitization process is more sensitive to potassium removal than sodium supply. The temperature of albitization commencement coincides more or less with the estimated onset temperature of illitization of smectite (70-80°C). Interbedded shales seem to be the major potassium sink and source of sodium. Kinetic considerations indicate that at temperatures below 145°C the dissolution of K-feldspar is always faster than albite growth. Combined with replacement constraints, the kinetic data also explain the observed coarsening of growing albite crystals with increasing burial temperature.
The Investigation Of Relationship Between Teacher Candidates’ Goal Orientations And Epistemological Beliefs

Individuals’ subjective beliefs about knowledge is defined as an epistemology. Epistemological beliefs of individuals has the potential in developing the curriculum. A motivational approach that attempts to explain the purpose of learners’ participation in teaching activities is called goal orientation. Learners’ goals of participating in teaching activities affect ways of participation to learning activities, participation levels and maintaining level of participation. The purpose of this study is to examine the relation between teacher candidates’ goal orientations and the belief that learning depends on effort. In this study, correlation method was used. The achievement goal orientation scale and the scale of belief that learning depends on effort, which is the subscale of the epistemological belief scale. The data are collected from 161 teacher candidates. Pearson Product Moment Correlation and stepwise regression analysis method were used in data analysis. The results of the study showed that there was positive and significant correlation between belief that learning depends on effort, learning orientation and performanceorientation approach. On the other hand, there is no significant correlation between performance-avoidence orientation and belief that learning depends on effort.