Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF USING QUIZIZZ TO THE STUDENTS OF GRADE XII SMK N 1 SURABAYA USING THE TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL

The use of learning aid media in this pandemic era is very necessary to support the running of online schools to run smoothly. One of the supporting media for the teaching and learning process is quizizz application. The purpose of this study was to analyze the understanding of the use of learning applications in high school. This study adopted the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by incorporating the perception of pleasure, perception of ease, benefit perception to the behavior to use. Sampling techniques are based on probability sampling using slovin formula. This study involved 126 people from 178 populations of class XII OTKP who had used quizizz application at SMK N 1 Surabaya. Analysis using Structural Equation Modeling – Partial Least Square (SEM PLS) through Smart PLS software version 3. By using 2 PLS calculation models namely measurement models (outer models) and structural models (inner models). These findings show that the perception of pleasure has a positive effect on the user's attitude, the perception of ease of negative effect is not significant to the user's attitude, the perception of usefulness has a significant positive effect on the user's attitude, and the perception of ease of having a significant positive interest in the intention of use through the perception of usability. This research shows that perceptions of usefulness, perceptions of ease, and perceptions of pleasure are strong predictors of behavior to use.
Nonlinear analysis methods in neural field models

This thesis deals with mesoscopic models of cortex called neural fields. The neural field equations describe the activity of neuronal populations, with common anatomical / functional properties. They were introduced in the 1950s and are called the equations of Wilson and Cowan. Mathematically, they consist of integro-differential equations with delays, the delays modeling the signal propagation and the passage of signals across synapses and the dendritic tree. In the first part, we recall the biology necessary to understand this thesis and derive the main equations. Then, we study these equations with the theory of dynamical systems by characterizing their equilibrium points and dynamics in the second part. In the third part, we study these delayed equations in general by giving formulas for the bifurcation diagrams, by proving a center manifold theorem, and by calculating the principal normal forms. We apply these results to one-dimensional neural fields which allows a detailed study of the dynamics. Finally, in the last part, we study three models of visual cortex. The first two models are from the literature and describe respectively a hypercolumn, i.e. the basic element of the first visual area (V1) and a network of such hypercolumns. The latest model is a new model of V1 which generalizes the two previous models while allowing a detailed study of specific effects of delays
NuSTAR UNVEILS A COMPTON-THICK TYPE 2 QUASAR IN MrK 34

We present Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) 3–40 keV observations of the optically selected Type 2 quasar (QSO2) SDSS J1034+6001 or Mrk 34. The high-quality hard X-ray spectrum and archival XMM-Newton data can be fitted self-consistently with a reflection-dominated continuum and a strong Fe Kα fluorescence line with equivalent width >1 keV. Prior X-ray spectral fitting below 10 keV showed the source to be consistent with being obscured by Compton-thin column densities of gas along the line of sight, despite evidence for much higher columns from multiwavelength data. NuSTAR now enables a direct measurement of this column and shows that N H lies in the Compton-thick (CT) regime. The new data also show a high intrinsic 2–10 keV luminosity of L 2–10 ∼ 1044 erg s−1, in contrast to previous low-energy X-ray measurements where L 2–10 ≲ 1043 erg s−1 (i.e., X-ray selection below 10 keV does not pick up this source as an intrinsically luminous obscured quasar). Both the obscuring column and the intrinsic power are about an order of magnitude (or more) larger than inferred from pre-NuSTAR X-ray spectral fitting. Mrk 34 is thus a “gold standard” CT QSO2 and is the nearest non-merging system in this class, in contrast to the other local CT quasar NGC 6240, which is currently undergoing a major merger coupled with strong star formation. For typical X-ray bolometric correction factors, the accretion luminosity of Mrk 34 is high enough to potentially power the total infrared luminosity. X-ray spectral fitting also shows that thermal emission related to star formation is unlikely to drive the observed bright soft component below ∼3 keV, favoring photoionization instead.
Vortices and Chirality in Multi-Band Superconductors

We investigate some significant properties of multi-band superconductors. They are time-reversal symmetry breaking, chirality and fractional quantum flux vortices in three-band superconductors. The Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) gap equation has a solution with time-reversal symmetry breaking in some cases. We derive the Ginzburg–Landau free energy from the BCS microscopic theory. The frustrating pairing interaction among Fermi surfaces leads to a state with broken time-reversal symmetry, that is, a chiral solution. The Ginzburg–Landau equation for three-component superconductors leads to a double sine-Gordon model. A kink solution exists to this equation as in the conventional sine-Gordon model. In the chiral region of the double sine-Gordon model, an inequality of Bogomol'nyi type holds, and fractional-π kink solutions exist with the topological charge Q . This yields multi-vortex bound states in three-band superconductors.
THE UNUSUAL TEMPORAL AND SPECTRAL EVOLUTION OF THE TYPE IIn SUPERNOVA 2011ht

We present very early UV to optical photometric and spectroscopic observations of the peculiar Type IIn supernova (SN) 2011ht in UGC 5460. The UV observations of the rise to peak are only the second ever recorded for a Type IIn SN and are by far the most complete. The SN, first classified as an SN impostor, slowly rose to a peak of MV ∼ −17 in ∼55 days. In contrast to the ∼2 mag increase in the v-band light curve from the first observation until peak, the UV flux increased by >7 mag. The optical spectra are dominated by strong, Balmer emission with narrow peaks (FWHM ∼ 600 km s−1), very broad asymmetric wings (FWHM ∼ 4200 km s−1), and blueshifted absorption (∼300 km s−1) superposed on a strong blue continuum. The UV spectra are dominated by Fe ii, Mg ii, Si ii, and Si iii absorption lines broadened by ∼1500 km s−1. Merged X-ray observations reveal a L0.2–10 = (1.0 ± 0.2) × 1039 erg s−1. Some properties of SN 2011ht are similar to SN impostors, while others are comparable to Type IIn SNe. Early spectra showed features typical of luminous blue variables at maximum and during giant eruptions. However, the broad emission profiles coupled with the strong UV flux have not been observed in previous SN impostors. The absolute magnitude and energetics (∼2.5 × 1049 erg in the first 112 days) are reminiscent of normal Type IIn SN, but the spectra are of a dense wind. We suggest that the mechanism for creating this unusual profile could be a shock interacting with a shell of material that was ejected a year before the discovery of the SN.
Locally inequivalent four-qubit hypergraph states

Hypergraph states as real equally weighted pure states are important resources for quantum codes of non-local stabilizers. Using local Pauli equivalence and permutational symmetry, we reduce the 32 768 four-qubit real equally weighted pure states to 28 locally inequivalent hypergraph states and several graph states. The calculation of geometric entanglement supplemented with entanglement entropy confirms that further reduction is impossible for true hypergraph states.
Habitat Preferences of Wild Mammalian Species around River Chenab in Sialkot, Gujrat and Gujranwala Districts, Punjab, Pakistan

Present research was conducted to assess the anthropogenic impacts on wild mammalian diversity around river Chenab in Sialkot, Gujrat and Gujranwala districts, Punjab, Pakistan. The mammalian diversity was recorded from May, 2013 through April, 2014 along forested landscapes, cultivated plantations, semi-urban and urban areas. The data on diversity and distribution of various mammalian species of the study area were collected through linear count method viz., direct observation (personal count and record voices) and indirect observation (presences of carcasses, fecal pellets, pug marks and meeting with local communities). The habitat preferences of large, medium and small mammals varied significantly. A decrease in mammalian diversity was observed from forest habitat to urban landscapes. Indian wild boar, Asiatic jackal, Indian fox, jungle cat, Indian pangolin and long-eared desert hedgehog preferred forested areas as well as slightly modified habitats while northern palm squirrel, house mouse, house shrew and rat species preferred human habitations. Similarly, a few species like small Indian mongoose, soft-furred field rat, short tailed mole rat, Asiatic jackal and Indian gerbil preferred cultivated areas. It can be concluded from present study that many of the mammalian species area habitat specific and corridors and connections among different landscapes are important for the conservation of mammalian diversity.
Stigma and its associated factors among patients with COVID-19 in Dhaka City: evidence from a cross-sectional investigation

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a significant disease pandemic. Dhaka City alone has contributed about one-third to the total COVID-19 cases in Bangladesh. Globally, patients with infectious diseases, including COVID-19, experience stigma. There was no quantitative estimate of stigma experienced by patients with COVID-19 in the country. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of stigma and its associated factors among patients with COVID-19 in Dhaka. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 respondents aged 18 years or older who had been hospitalized or had stayed at home and were tested negative 15 days to 6 months before the day of data collection. Data collection was done through in-person and telephone interviews using a semi-structured survey questionnaire. A 15-item COVID-19-related stigma scale questionnaire was used to assess stigma. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors of stigma. Results More than half (53.1%) of the respondents experienced stigma when they were COVID-19 positive. Females were at a 3.24 times higher risk of experiencing stigma than their male counterparts. Respondents from the 60+ age group and 40–59 age group were 63.0% and 48.0% less likely to experience stigma than those from the 18–39 age group. Non-hospitalised patients had 1.67 times higher odds of facing stigma than those hospitalised. Conclusions This study reported a high prevalence of stigma among the patients with COVID-19 in Dhaka City. The current evidence base of stigma experience among patients with COVID-19 offers a solid foundation for creating effective strategies and policies and designing appropriate interventions to counter stigma, which will improve the psychological well-being of patients with COVID-19 in Bangladesh.
Single beam atom sorting machine

We create two overlapping one-dimensional optical lattices using a single laser beam, a spatial light modulator and a high numerical aperture lens. These lattices have the potential to trap single atoms, and using the dynamic capabilities of the spatial light modulator may shift and sort atoms to a minimum atom-atom separation of 1.52 μm. We show how a simple feedback circuit can compensate for the spatial light modulator's intensity modulation.
Assisted migration is plausible for a boreal tree species under climate change: A quantitative and population genetics study of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) in western Canada

Abstract A novel method was tested for improving tree breeding strategies that integrate quantitative and population genetics based on range‐wide reciprocal transplant experiments. Five reciprocal common garden tests of Populus tremuloides were investigated including 6450 trees across western Canada focusing on adaptation traits and growth. Both genetic parameters and home‐site transplant models were evaluated. We found a genetic trade‐off between growth and early spring leaf flush and late fall senescence. Coefficients of phenotypic variation (CVp) of cell lysis (CL), a measure of freezing injury, shrank from 0.28 to 0.10 during acclimation in the fall, and the CVp slope versus the freezing temperature was significantly different from zero (R 2 = 0.33, p = .02). There was more between‐population genetic variation in fall phenology than in spring leaf phenology. We suggest that P. tremuloides demonstrated a discrepancy between the ecological optimum and the physiological optimum minimum winter temperature. The sub‐optimal growing condition of P. tremuloides is potentially caused by the warmer ecological optimum than the physiological optimum. Assisted migration and breeding of fast growers to reforest cooler plantation sites can improve productivity. Transferring the study populations to less than 4°C of extreme minimum temperature appears safe for reforestation aligning with the historical recolonization direction of the species. This is equivalent to a 5–10° latitudinal northward movement. Fall frost hardiness is an effective criterion for family selection in the range tested in this study.
Dark Stars: Dark matter in the first stars leads to a new phase of stellar evolution

Abstract The first phase of stellar evolution in the history of the universe may be Dark Stars, powered by dark matter heating rather than by fusion. Weakly interacting massive particles, which are their own antiparticles, can annihilate and provide an important heat source for the first stars in the the universe. This talk presents the story of these Dark Stars. We make predictions that the first stars are very massive (~800M⊙), cool (6000 K), bright (~106L⊙), long-lived (~106 years), and probable precursors to (otherwise unexplained) supermassive black holes. Later, once the initial DM fuel runs out and fusion sets in, DM annihilation can predominate again if the scattering cross section is strong enough, so that a Dark Star is born again.
Symmetry protected vortex bound state in superfluid $^3$He B-phase

The superfluid $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ formed by spin-triplet $p$-wave Cooper pairs is a typical topological superfluid. In the superfluid $^{3}\mathrm{He}\text{\ensuremath{-}}B$ phase, several kinds of vortices classified by spatial symmetries ${P}_{1}$, ${P}_{2}$, and ${P}_{3}$ are produced, where ${P}_{1}$ is inversion symmetry, ${P}_{2}$ is magnetic reflection symmetry, and ${P}_{3}$ is magnetic $\ensuremath{\pi}$-rotation symmetry. We have calculated the vortex bound states by the Bogoliubov\char21{}de Gennes theory and the quasiclassical Eilenberger theory, and also clarified symmetry protection of the low-energy excitations by the spatial symmetries. On the symmetry protection, ${P}_{3}$ symmetry plays a key role which gives twofold-degenerate Majorana zero modes. Then, the bound states in the most symmetric $o$ vortex with ${P}_{1}$, ${P}_{2}$, and ${P}_{3}$ symmetries and in $w$ vortex with ${P}_{3}$ symmetry have the symmetry-protected degenerate Majorana zero modes. On the other hand, zero-energy modes in the $v$ vortex believed to be realized in the actual $B$ phase are not protected, and in consequence become gapped by breaking axial symmetry. The excitation gap may have been observed as the variation of critical velocity. We have also suggested an experimental setup to create the $o$ vortex with Majorana zero modes by a confinement and a magnetic field.
Preventing and Treating Missing Data in Longitudinal Clinical Trials: A Practical Guide

Part I. Background and Setting: 1. Why missing data matter 2. Missing data mechanisms 3. Estimands Part II. Preventing Missing Data: 4. Trial design considerations 5. Trial conduct considerations Part III. Analytic Considerations: 6. Methods of estimation 7. Models and modeling considerations 8. Methods of dealing with missing data Part IV. Analyses and the Analytic Road Map: 9. Analyses of incomplete data 10. MNAR analyses 11. Choosing primary estimands and analyses 12. The analytic road map 13. Analyzing incomplete categorical data 14. Example 15. Putting principles into practice.
Remote Sensing Monitoring and Analytical Evaluation of Grasslands in the Muli Region of Qinghai, China from 2000 to 2021

The mining area in the Muli region, Qinghai Province, China, is an important source of water and an ecological security barrier in the Qilian Mountains region and has a very important ecological status. A series of ecological problems such as vegetation degradation and loss of biodiversity caused by mining have attracted widespread attention. In this paper, we used Landsat secondary data from 2000 to 2021 from the Muli region to obtain the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the vegetation in the Muli region by inversion of the fractional vegetation cover, above-ground biomass and the land surface phenology to comprehensively analyze the ecological changes in the vegetation in the Muli region. The results showed the following: (1) the above-ground biomass and cover of grassland in the Muli region showed a decreasing trend between 2000 and 2021, with a particularly pronounced decrease in grassland cover between 2009 and 2016; (2) the start of the vegetation growth cycle, i.e., the beginning of the vegetation growing season (SOG) became more advanced, the end of the vegetation growing season (EOG) was delayed, and the length of the growing cycle (LOG) became longer for most of the vegetation in the Muli region; (3) the results of this comprehensive analysis showed that the grassland in the Muli region showed dynamic changes with complex characteristics from 2000 to 2021, and anthropogenic disturbances had some influence on ecological indicators such as fractional vegetation cover and biomass. The extension of the vegetation growing season might be related to climate change. Based on the results of this paper, it is recommended to utilize biomass and fractional vegetation cover as indicators to assess the grass growth status of mining sites. This study analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of grasslands in the Muli area with several indicators, which will help relevant departments continue to improve and optimize ecological restoration measures. In addition, this study provides a reference for achieving comprehensive restoration of the ecological environment and ecological functions in mining areas.
Learning Cutset Networks by Integrating Data and Noisy, Local Estimates

We consider the following parameter learning task in cutset networks (CNs): given (1) fully observed data, (2) a large number of marginal probability distributions, each defined over a small subset of variables, and (3) a CN structure, find a setting of parameters such that the resulting CN efficiently integrates the statistical information present in both the data and marginal distributions. In many real-world applications, the marginal distributions are either available from experts or via external processes and are typically inconsistent in that they do not come from the same joint probability distribution. In order to filter the inconsistency, we propose to approximate the learning objective us-ing a convex combination of two quantities: one that enforces closeness via KL divergence to the marginal distributions and another that enforces closeness to a CN learned from data. We develop a gradient-based algorithm for minimizing the above objective and show that although the gradients are NP-hard to compute on Bayesian and Markov networks, they can be efficiently computed over CNs yielding a polynomial time algorithm with convergence guarantees. We show via experiments that our approach yields tractable models that are significantly superior to the ones learned from data alone even when the marginal distributions exhibit a high degree of inconsistency.
UV TO FAR-IR CATALOG OF A GALAXY SAMPLE IN NEARBY CLUSTERS: SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRENDS

In this paper, we present a sample of cluster galaxies devoted to study the environmental influence on the star formation activity. This sample of galaxies inhabits in clusters showing a rich variety in their characteristics and have been observed by the SDSS-DR6 down to MB ∼ −18, and by the Galaxy Evolution Explorer AIS throughout sky regions corresponding to several megaparsecs. We assign the broadband and emission-line fluxes from ultraviolet to far-infrared to each galaxy performing an accurate spectral energy distribution for spectral fitting analysis. The clusters follow the general X-ray luminosity versus velocity dispersion trend of LX ∝ σ4. 4c. The analysis of the distributions of galaxy density counting up to the 5th nearest neighbor Σ5 shows: (1) the virial regions and the cluster outskirts share a common range in the high density part of the distribution. This can be attributed to the presence of massive galaxy structures in the surroundings of virial regions. (2) The virial regions of massive clusters (σc > 550 km s−1) present a Σ5 distribution statistically distinguishable (∼96%) from the corresponding distribution of low-mass clusters (σc < 550 km s−1). Both massive and low-mass clusters follow a similar density–radius trend, but the low-mass clusters avoid the high density extreme. We illustrate, with ABELL 1185, the environmental trends of galaxy populations. Maps of sky projected galaxy density show how low-luminosity star-forming galaxies appear distributed along more spread structures than their giant counterparts, whereas low-luminosity passive galaxies avoid the low-density environment. Giant passive and star-forming galaxies share rather similar sky regions with passive galaxies exhibiting more concentrated distributions.
Assessing the Pathophysiology of Hyperglycemia in the Diabetes RElated to Acute Pancreatitis and Its Mechanisms Study

Objectives The metabolic abnormalities that lead to diabetes mellitus (DM) after an episode of acute pancreatitis (AP) have not been extensively studied. This article describes the objectives, hypotheses, and methods of mechanistic studies of glucose metabolism that comprise secondary outcomes of the DREAM (Diabetes RElated to Acute pancreatitis and its Mechanisms) Study. Methods Three months after an index episode of AP, participants without preexisting DM will undergo baseline testing with an oral glucose tolerance test. Participants will be followed longitudinally in three subcohorts with distinct metabolic tests. In the first and largest subcohort, oral glucose tolerance tests will be repeated 12 months after AP and annually to assess changes in β-cell function, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity. In the second, mixed meal tolerance tests will be performed at 3 and 12 months, then annually, and following incident DM to assess incretin and pancreatic polypeptide responses. In the third, frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests will be performed at 3 months and 12 months to assess the first-phase insulin response and more precisely measure β-cell function and insulin sensitivity. Conclusions The DREAM study will comprehensively assess the metabolic and endocrine changes that precede and lead to the development of DM after AP.