Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-adaptive logical processes: the probabilistic distributed simulation protocol

A probabilistic distributed discrete event simulation strategy is developed as a performance efficient compromise between the two classical approaches in parallel and distributed simulation, the conservative and the optimistic approach. It weakens the conservative "block until safe-to-process"-rule in a sense that if the time instant of the occurrence of an external event is in the time interval /spl lsqb/s, t/spl rsqb/, it allows progressing simulation up until the forecasted next event instant t/spl circ/(O), s/spl les/t/spl circ/(O)/spl les/t, but further progression only with controlled probability. t/spl circ/(O) is an estimate based on the arrival instant differences O=(/spl deltasub 1/,/spl deltasub 2/,./spl deltasub n/) observed during a time window by some logical (simulation) process. Compared to the optimistic strategy it prevents from propagating incorrect computations too far ahead into the simulated future, and thus avoids unnecessary communication overhead by breaking rollback cascades as early as possible. The arrival patterns observed in O are used to dynamically adapt the logical process' synchronization behavior at runtime, to what is the best tradeoff among blocking and optimistically progressing with respect to the parallelism inherent to the simulation model. <<ETX>>
Inferring (k, l)-context-sensitive probabilistic context-free grammars using hierarchical Pitman-Yor processes

Motivated by the idea of applying nonparametric Bayesian models to dual approaches for distributional learning, we dene ( k;l)-context-sensitive probabilistic context-free grammars (PCFGs) using hierarchical Pitman-Yor processes (PYPs). The data sparseness problem that occurs when inferring context-sensitive probabilities for rules is handled by the smoothing eect of hierarchical PYPs. Many possible denitions or constructions of PYP hierarchies can be used to represent the context sensitivity of derivations of CFGs in Chomsky normal form. In this study, we use a denition
Novel Conformation-Specific Antibodies Against Matrix γ-Carboxyglutamic Acid (Gla) Protein: Undercarboxylated Matrix Gla Protein as Marker for Vascular Calcification

Objective—Matrix γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) protein (MGP), a vitamin K–dependent protein, is a potent in vivo inhibitor of arterial calcification. We hypothesized that low endogenous production of MGP and impaired carboxylation of MGP may contribute to the development or the progression of vascular disease. Methods and Results—Novel conformation-specific antibodies against MGP were used for immunohistochemistry of healthy and sclerotic arteries. In healthy arteries, MGP was mainly displayed around the elastin fibers in the tunica media. The staining colocalized with that for carboxylated MGP, whereas undercarboxylated MGP (ucMGP) was not detected. In atherosclerotic arteries, ucMGP was found in the intima, where it was associated with vesicular structures. In Mönckeberg’s sclerosis of the media, ucMGP was localized around all areas of calcification. The results indicate that ucMGP is strongly associated with vascular calcification of different etiologies. In a separate study, serum MGP concentrations in a cohort of 172 subjects who had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention were significantly reduced compared with an apparently healthy population. Conclusions—These data show that impaired carboxylation of MGP is associated with intimal and medial vascular calcification and suggest the essentiality of the vitamin K modification to the function of MGP as an inhibitor of ectopic calcification.
Joint timing and Carrier frequency offset estimation for OFDM WLAN systems

This paper presents a joint timing and carrier frequency offset estimation scheme for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) over an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel, flat fading and frequency selective fading (Rayleigh channel). Estimating the correct Carrier frequency offset (CFO) minimizes the inter carrier interference (ICI). Orthogonality is maintained by using Maximum Likelihood (ML) function. By using symbol timing offset (STO) the start of the frame is estimated and it will minimize the inter symbol interference (ISI).
Efficient estimation of emission probabilities in profile hidden Markov models

MOTIVATION Profile hidden Markov models provide a sensitive method for performing sequence database search and aligning multiple sequences. One of the drawbacks of the hidden Markov model is that the conserved amino acids are not emphasized, but signal and noise are treated equally. For this reason, the number of estimated emission parameters is often enormous. Focusing the analysis on conserved residues only should increase the accuracy of sequence database search. RESULTS We address this issue with a new method for efficient emission probability (EEP) estimation, in which amino acids are divided into effective and ineffective residues at each conserved alignment position. A practical study with 20 protein families demonstrated that the EEP method is capable of detecting family members from other proteins with sensitivity of 98% and specificity of 99% on the average, even if the number of free emission parameters was decreased to 15% of the original. In the database search for TIM barrel sequences, EEP recognizes the family members nearly as accurately as HMMER or Blast, but the number of false positive sequences was significantly less than that obtained with the other methods. AVAILABILITY The algorithms written in C language are available on request from the authors.
Multiassociative Memory

This paper discusses the problem of how to implement many-to-many, or multi-associative, mappings within connectionist models. Traditional symbolic approaches wield explicit representation of all alternatives via stored links, or implicitly through enumerative algorithms. Classical pattern association models ignore the issue of generating multiple outputs for a single input pattern, and while recent research on recurrent networks is promising, the field has not clearly focused upon multi-associativity as a goal. In this paper, we define multiassociative memory MM, and several possible variants, and discuss its utility in general cognitive modeling. We extend sequential cascaded networks (Pollack 1987, 1990a) to fit the task, and perform several initial experiments which demonstrate the feasibility of the concept. This paper appears in The Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. August 7-10, 1991. Multiassociative Memory1
Rapid in Vitro Assembly Dynamics and Subunit Turnover of FtsZ Demonstrated by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer*

We have developed an assay for the assembly of FtsZ based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). We mutated an innocuous surface residue to cysteine and labeled separate pools with fluorescein (donor) and tetramethylrhodamine (acceptor). When the pools were mixed and GTP was added, assembly produced a FRET signal that was linearly proportional to FtsZ concentration from 0.7 μm (the critical concentration (Cc)) to 3 μm. At concentrations greater than 3 μm, an enhanced FRET signal was observed with both GTP and GDP, indicating additional assembly above this second Cc. This second Cc varied with Mg2+ concentration, whereas the 0.7 μm Cc did not. We used the FRET assay to measure the kinetics of initial assembly by stopped flow. The data were fit by the simple kinetic model used previously: monomer activation, a weak dimer nucleus, and elongation, although with some differences in kinetic parameters from the L68W mutant. We then studied the rate of turnover at steady state by pre-assembling separate pools of donor and acceptor protofilaments. When the pools were mixed, a FRET signal developed with a half-time of 7 s, demonstrating a rapid and continuous disassembly and reassembly of protofilaments at steady state. This is comparable with the 9-s half-time for FtsZ turnover in vivo and the 8-s turnover time of GTP hydrolysis in vitro. Finally, we found that an excess of GDP caused disassembly of protofilaments with a half-time of 5 s. Our new data suggest that GDP does not exchange into intact protofilaments. Rather, our interpretation is that subunits are released following GTP hydrolysis, and then they exchange GDP for GTP and reassemble into new protofilaments, all on a time scale of 7 s. The mechanism may be related to the dynamic instability of microtubules.
Issue Ownership, Issue Positions, and Candidate Assessment

I argue that citizens alter their views of candidates’ ideological and issue positions in response to two kinds of information cues: issue ownership and issue position cues. Issue ownership cues associate a candidate with the party that owns the issue discussed by a candidate. Issue position cues associate a candidate with the party that is linked to the position that the candidate discusses. These cues can either lead citizens to view the candidate as more or less extreme—both in terms of ideological and issue position assessments—than that candidate’s party. When both types of cues are present, citizens should ignore the issue ownership cues in favor of the easier-to-process issue position cues. Evidence from a survey experiment embedded in the 2010 Cooperative Congressional Election Study provides strong support for this theory and suggests that issue ownership can convey positional information.
Human Detection in RGB Images

Human detection is a challenging classification problem which has many potential applications including monitoring pedestrian junctions, young children in school and old people in hospitals, and several security, surveillance and civilian applications. Various approaches have been proposed to solve this problem. We have studied and implemented a scheme using Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG), as part of CS273A Machine Learning coursework for Winter 2008 quarter. The results are encouraging and we intend to improve our implementation so as to integrate it with another ongoing project at UCI. The INRIA Person dataset [9] was used for training and testing the classifier.
A Comparison of Gains between Educational Games and a Traditional ITS

Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) have begun to incorporate game-based components in an attempt to balance the learning benefits of ITSs with the motivational benefits of games. iSTART-ME (Motivationally Enhanced) is a new game-based learning environment that was developed on top of an existing ITS (iSTART). In a multi-session labbased efficacy study with 125 high school students, those students with a low prior reading ability who were trained by a game-based tutoring system (iSTART-ME) or a traditional intelligent tutoring system (iSTART-Regular) performed significantly better on posttest measures than students assigned to a time-delayed control condition. Additionally, the low reading ability students who interacted with the game-based system had a tendency to gain more than students in the traditional ITS system.
The Research on Network Security Visualization Key Technology

Managing complex enterprise networks requires an understanding at a fine granularity than traditional network monitoring. The ability to correlate and visualize the dynamics and inter-relationships among various network components such as hosts, users, and applications is non-trivial. Network security visualization is a highlighted topic of network security research in recent years, The existing research situation of network security visualization is analyzed. the paper first proposed the network security situation awareness model, and analysis network security situation awareness method, at last, and designed and implemented the security situation visualization prototype system based on geographic information systems, network topology graph, attack paths. The security situation data show in multiple views, multi-angle, multi-level display to the user by visualization technology, therefore the performance of the security situation will be more accurate and vivid, assessment of network security situation become timely and accurate, laying the foundation for rapid decision-making.
Health issues with virtual reality displays: what we do know and what we don't

During the late 1980s and early 1990s virtual reality (VR) technology enjoyed a prolonged honeymoon with the international media who presented a glossy futuristic image of the technology. It was inevitable that the media would eventually tire of this image and look for new journalistic angles, such as the negative effects of VR. Some speculation then ensued about the negative social consequences of VR in the public domain ("Social autism" and "The end of civilisation as we know it&hellip;" --- Stone, 1992, BBC Horizon), although these speculations now appear unfounded.The first direct assertion, in the international media, that there might be visual safety issues with VR technology, came from the reporting of findings from Mon-Williams, Wann and Rushton in 1993 [5]. Since then a steady trickle of media features have strongly hinted at virtual problems that may arise (e.g. Business Week, July 10, 1995; New Scientist, Jan 27, 1996), each being followed by accusations of "scare-mongering" from some sectors of the VR community. Our research findings have fueled some of the negative reports, and our position has angered some VR protagonists. Also, like other research groups in this field, we are often approached by journalists in pursuit of a sensationalist story.Hence we think it is timely to examine what we know about the effects of virtual reality displays; what we don't know about virtual reality displays; and what research should be undertaken to resolve the unknown issues.
The optimal sleep control for Wireless Sensor Networks

The sensor node in Wireless Sensor Networkis with the characteristics of low electricity consumption, How to effectively control the electricity of the sensor node and extend the life time of the whole network become a very important issue. We set forth "The Optimal Sleep Control For Wireless Sensor Networks". When the sensor nodes are set randomly in the entire network and the sleeping probability is determined through the distance between the sensor node and the sink. This method will effectively reduce the frequency of the transmission of the sensor nodes more close to the sink and reach the loading balance of the whole network. However, the sleeping sensor nodes will process their sleeping schedule according to their own residual electricity and achieve the effectiveness of saving electricity.
Imaging Quality based state switch algorithm for outdoor moving robot system

Vision based computation of the moving CCD camera in an outdoor environment is one of the most difficult tasks in the computer vision (CV) research field. Currently, to implement only one CV function steadily, one even needs to develop a series of algorithms to meet the computational requirement of the complex environment change inevitably. So the choice of the switch occasion of these different algorithms for an abrupt change of the imaging definition is a problem. In this paper, we propose to use the Image Quality (IQ) as a measurement to find proper switch occasions of different CV algorithms for the outdoor robot system. Firstly we define three IQ metrics to describe the imaging definition of a CCD camera. Then we present an ARMA-ARCH model based multiple flows method to detect the abrupt change of these series. Finally, we use our method to cut the image sequence into multiple segments, which are fit to be processed by different CV algorithms. Many experiment results have shown the validity of our method.
Higher-order chromosome structure in yeast.

In this commentary I shall discuss recent findings on higher-order chromosome structure in yeast, a unicellular eukaryote. There are two kinds of yeast under current intensive investigation: namely, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. I shall emphasize that yeast chromosomal proteins in many ways resemble those of higher eukaryotes. A major difference is the apparent absence of histone HI in yeast. Nevertheless, yeast chromosomal higherorder structure, and notably its manifestation in chromosome condensation, must have determinants in common with higher eukaryotes, including chromosomal proteins. I shall present examples of these, and some mutants relevant to them. They include DNA topoisomerases, protein kinases and phosphatases, and nuclear matrix (scaffold) proteins. In addition, I would like to stress that nuclear structure may be affected indirectly by proteins that maintain a proper nuclear environment.
Demarcating new boundaries: mapping virtual polycentric communities through social media content

The proliferation of social media has led to the emergence of a new type of geospatial information that defies the conventions of authoritative or volunteered geographic information, yet can be harvested to reveal unique and dynamic information about people and their activities. In this paper we address the identification and mapping of global virtual communities formed around issues of specific national interest. We refer to these connected virtual communities formed around issues related to a specific state as the polycentric virtual equivalent of that state. Identifying, mapping, and analyzing these virtual communities is a novel challenge for our community, and this is the subject we pursue in this paper. We present these communities relative to established conventions of statehood, address the harvesting of relevant geographical information from social media feeds, and discuss the challenge of visualizing such information. In order to do so we use the current geopolitical situation in Syria as a demonstrative example.
Multi sensor based tracking of pedestrians: a survey of suitable movement models

This article presents a multi sensor approach for driver assistance systems: the detection and tracking of pedestrians in a road environment. A multi sensor system consisting of a far infrared camera and a laser scanning device is used for the detection and precise localization of pedestrians. Kalman filter based data fusion handles the combination of the sensor information of the infrared camera and of the laser scanner. Arranging a set of Kalman filters in parallel, a multi sensor/multi target tracking system was created. The usage of suitable movement models has a great influence on the performance of the tracking system. Several types of models are discussed focussing on the typical behavior of pedestrians in road environments. The multi sensor/multi target tracking system is installed on a test vehicle to obtain practical results which is discussed in this article too.
Association between Circulating Vitamin D Level and Urolithiasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Many studies compared the serum/plasma 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D) and 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D) between people with and without nephrolithiasis, and their results were conflicting. After systematically searching PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, and the Wanfang Database, we conducted a meta-analysis. Thirty-two observational studies involving 23,228 participants were included. Meta-analysis of these studies showed that of stone formers (SFs), calcium SFs had significantly higher concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D (weighted mean difference (WMD), 10.19 pg/mL; 95% confidence interval (CI), 4.31–16.07; p = 0.0007 and WMD, 11.28 pg/mL; 95% CI, 4.07–18.50; p = 0.002, respectively) than non-stone formers, while the levels of 25(OH)D (WMD, 0.88 ng/mL; 95% CI, −1.04–2.80; p = 0.37 and WMD, −0.63 ng/mL; 95% CI, −2.72–1.47; p = 0.56, respectively) are similar. Compared with controls and normocalciuria SFs, hypercalciuria SFs had increased circulating 1,25(OH)2D (WMD, 9.41 pg/mL; 95% CI, 0.15–18.67; p = 0.05 and WMD, 2.75 pg/mL; 95% CI, −0.20–5.69; p = 0.07, respectively) and markedly higher 25(OH)D (WMD, 5.02 ng/mL; 95% CI, 0.99–9.06; p = 0.01 and WMD, 5.02 ng/mL; 95% CI, 2.14–7.90; p = 0.0006, respectively). Normocalciuria SFs had elevated 1,25(OH)2D level (WMD, 6.85 pg/mL; 95% CI, −5.00–18.71; p = 0.26) and comparable 25(OH)D (WMD, 0.94 ng/mL; 95% CI, −3.55–5.43; p = 0.68). Sensitivity analysis generated similar results. Current evidence suggests that increased circulating 1,25(OH)2D is associated with urinary stones and a higher level of circulating 25(OH)D is significantly associated with hypercalciuria urolithiasis. Further studies are still needed to reconfirm and clarify the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of stones.
Effect of Partnership Status on Preferences for Facial Self-Resemblance

Self-resemblance has been found to have a context-dependent effect when expressing preferences for faces. Whereas dissimilarity preference during mate choice in animals is often explained as an evolutionary adaptation to increase heterozygosity of offspring, self-resemblance can be also favored in humans, reflecting, e.g., preference for kinship cues. We performed two studies, using transformations of facial photographs to manipulate levels of resemblance with the rater, to examine the influence of self-resemblance in single vs. coupled individuals. Raters assessed facial attractiveness of other-sex and same-sex photographs according to both short-term and long-term relationship contexts. We found a preference for dissimilarity of other-sex and same-sex faces in single individuals, but no effect of self-resemblance in coupled raters. No effect of sex of participant or short-term vs. long-term attractiveness rating was observed. The results support the evolutionary interpretation that dissimilarity of other-sex faces is preferred by uncoupled individuals as an adaptive mechanism to avoid inbreeding. In contrast, lower dissimilarity preference of other-sex faces in coupled individuals may reflect suppressed attention to attractiveness cues in potential alternative partners as a relationship maintenance mechanism, and its substitution by attention to cues of kinship and psychological similarity connected with greater likelihood of prosocial behavior acquisition from such persons.
New iMEMS ® Angular-Rate-Sensing Gyroscope

INTRODUCTION The new ADXRS150 and ADXRS300 gyros from Analog Devices, with full-scale ranges of 150/s and 300/s, represent a quantum jump in gyro technology. The first commercially available surface-micromachined angular rate sensors with integrated electronics, they are smaller—with lower power consumption, and better immunity to shock and vibration—than any gyros having comparable functionality. This genuine breakthrough is possible only because of the Analog Devices proprietary integrated micro electro-mechanical system (iMEMS) process, proven by use in millions of automotive accelerometers.