Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A test of a simple model of the acoustic velocity in marine sediments

A simple physical model is proposed for the dependence of the acoustic velocity of marine sediments on the porosity and lithology. The model is tested for clay‐rich marine sediments using data from the Deep Sea Drilling Project, but has also been successfully used to calculate the acoustic velocity in consolidated and unconsolidated carbonate sediments. The model is a combination of the Wood [A. B. Wood, A Textbook of Sound (Macmillan, New York, 1941)] and Wyllie [Wyllie et al., Geophysics 21, 41–70 (1956)] (time average) models: Any medium may be thought of as composed of one fraction that is comparable to a slurry of particles in suspension and a second that consists of a rigid grain matrix. As the porosity decreases, so too does the fraction of slurry that makes up the sample. A slurry has essentially no shear strength, and thus the bulk compressibility is expressed as the weighted mean compressibility of the solid and fluid components. The rigid matrix velocity is determined using the time average equ.
Electromagnetic Propagation into Parallel-Plate Waveguide in the Presence of a Skew Metallic Surface

Abstract A metallic edge with arbitrary length and inclination is embedded into a coplanar waveguide forming a simple two-port network. The corresponding boundary value problem is rigorously solved by segmenting this perfectly conducting strip into a large number of consecutive pins; the procedure yields robust expressions for the scattering parameters of the device. Interesting properties characterizing its operation are observed through the corresponding diagrams, such as the correlation between different configurations. Additional conclusions have also been drawn from the discussion of the related graphs.
Compact companions to QSOs.

Three cases of nearly stellar objects found at small angular separations from low-redshifts QSOs are discussed. New spectra from two of these, together with previous results for the third, show that all three have redshifts within 200 km s/sup -1/ of those of their respective QSOs and that the one near PKS 2135--147 almost merits being called a QSO in its own right. It is argued (1) that the actual separations of these compact objects from the QSOs are of the same order as the projected separations, i.e., a few kpc, (2) that similar compact objects may well exist in the neighborhoods of a significant fraction (approx.20%) of a low-redshift QSOs, and (3) that the presence of these close companions is related to the QSO activity. A plausible, self-consistent case can be made for regarding such objects as remnant cores of galaxies that have interacted with the galaxies in which the QSOs reside and for supposing that the QSO activity results from fresh material being brought into the nuclei of these galaxies during the interaction. Some of the consequences of this picture are briefly discussed.
Estimation and comparison of changes in the presence of informative right censoring by modeling the censoring process

Abstract : In estimating and comparing the rates of change of a continuous variable between two groups, the unweighted averages of individual simple least squares estimates from each group are often used. Under a linear random effects model, when all individuals have completed observations at identical time points these statistics are maximum likelihood estimates for the expected rates of change. However, with censored of missing data, these estimates are no longer efficient when compared to generalized least squares estimates. When, in addition, the right censoring process is dependent upon the individual rates of change (i.e., informative right censoring), the generalized least squares estimates will be biased. Likelihood ratio test for informativeness of the censoring process and maximum likelihood estimates for the expected rates of change and the parameters of the right censoring process are developed under a linear random effect models with a probit model for the right censoring process. In realistic situations, we illustrate that the bias in estimating group rate of change and the reduction of power in comparing group difference could be substantial when strong dependency of the right censoring process on individual rates of change is ignored. (Author)
Decaf Score in Predicting Prognosis of Acute Exacerbation of Copd in Patient Required Hospital and ICU Admission

Introduction: Exacerbation refers to deterioration of patient’s respiratory indications and requires a robust scoring tool for subjects suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) undergoing acute exacerbation. The Dyspnoea, Eosinopenia, Consolidation, Acidaemia, and atrial Fibrillation (DECAF) score can be utilized bedside and predicts in-hospital mortality using indices. The study aimed at assessing the prognostic standards (of duration of ICU stay, hospital stay and mortality) and the sensitivity and specificity of acute exacerbation of COPD patients based on DECAF score. Methods: This prospective study was carried out in a tertiary hospital with 84 patients between October 2016 to September 2018. On admission, DECAF score of all patients with acute exacerbation of COPD was noted and admitted to ICU. The mean duration of stay in ICU and hospital were compared. Various components of APACHE II, BAP 65, CURB 65 were also noted on admission. Results: Mean age of population was 68.29±11.80 with male predominance (68%). The study observed mortality in 6% of patients with mean ICU stay of 3.65±2.21 days and mean hospital stay of 6.45±3.28 days. For a score of 5 and 6 mean DECAF score could not be calculated as the mortality rate was 100%. ROC of DECAF score was 0.81 which was more than APACHE II (0.72) and BAP 65 (0.69) (p-value 0.07 and 0.056 suggested significance). Conclusion: The DECAF Score has been observed to be a stronger predictor for hospital mortality. Higher the DECAF score, higher is the in-hospital death rate. The DECAF score also helps in forecasting the duration of ICU stay and hospital stay.
Solar radiative biases in deep convective regimes: Possible implications for dynamical feedback

There is increasing evidence that interactions between radiation and convectively determined water vapour and cloud fields can have a significant dynamical impact on the tropical circulation. However, the use of a one‐dimensional (1D) independent column method for the calculation of solar fluxes in cloud‐resolving or mesoscale models could possibly misrepresent this feedback. This is investigated by calculating 1D and full three‐dimensional (3D) solar fluxes through a 3D field of deep convective clouds generated using a high‐resolution cloud‐resolving model, and diagnosing the clear‐sky subsidence velocities required to balance this if a state of radiative convective equilibrium were to exist. The mean clear‐sky solar radiative heating rate is found to change by up to 15%. At low sun angles the shading of the clear‐sky regions implies a reduction of net clear‐sky heating rates. In contrast, at higher solar elevations the scattering effect dominates shading and the clear‐sky heating rates are enhanced, implying an enhancement of the diurnal cycle. However, since the 1D/3D heating‐rate differences in the clear sky increase smoothly from zero at the tropopause to their maximum value near the surface, the vertical gradient and thus the impact on the vertical profile of entrainment and detrainment into the convective regions is negligibly small. This implies that the strong radiative dynamical feedbacks so far documented in cloud‐ensemble models cannot be discounted on the grounds of their use of an independent column calculation for the solar radiative transfer. That said, the substantial bias noted in surface downward solar fluxes could result in a substantial impact in convective organization if an interactive land surface were used as a lower boundary condition. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society
Finite elements three dimensional magnetic field computation

3D modeling becomes necessary for analysis of special electromagnetic systems and also for testing the consistency of two dimensional models. In this paper, the variational formulations of magnetostatic scalar and vector potentials are reviewed. An original energy functional for non linear anisotropic vector potential with a proof of uniqueness of solution is proposed. The biggest problems remain data input and results reduction; these two problems are analysed and solutions are given with some illustrated examples.
On Miura transformations among nonlinear partial differential equationsa)

In this paper, we study Miura transformations u↦v from partial differential equations uxxx=F(u,ux,ut) to nonlinear partial differential equations G(v,vx,vt,…,∂xlv,…,∂t1v)=0 defined using integrable systems on v. We classify all such Miura transformations under some restrictions, and hence generalize the classical Miura transformation to a large class of nonlinear partial differential equations. For some examples, by applying Miura transformations found in this paper, we derive exact solutions v from known solutions u. In particular, kink and soliton-kink solutions of vt=32vxsin2v+12vx3+vxxx are obtained from constant solutions and soliton solutions of the MKdV equation. As another application of Miura transformations of this paper, we deduce a new Backlund transformation for each of vt=32vxsin2v+12vx3+vxxx and vt=−32vxsinh2v−12vx3+vxxx from the known Backlund transformations for the MKdV equations.
Research Article: On Extending Primal-Dual Interior-Point Method for Linear Optimization to Convex Quadratic Symmetric Cone Optimization

In this article, we generalize primal-dual interior-point method, which was studied by Bai et al. [3] for linear optimization, to convex quadratic optimization over symmetric cone. The symmetrization of the search directions used in this article is based on the Nesterov and Todd scaling scheme. By employing Euclidean Jordan algebras, we derive the iteration bounds that match the currently best known iteration bounds for large- and small-update methods, namely, and , respectively, which are as good as the ones for the linear optimization analogue. Moreover, this unifies the analysis for linear optimization, convex quadratic optimization, second-order cone optimization, semidefinite optimization, convex quadratic semidefinite optimization, and symmetric optimization.
Thermal and mechanical effects on large field dielectric loss in lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate

Ferroelectric material losses in devices ranging from sonar transducers to energy harvesters result in the conversion of energy to heat. Under small amplitude sinusoidal drive, either electrical or mechanical, the losses are expressed in terms of a loss tangent. This study addressed the effects of temperature and bias stress on large field dielectric loss in the presence of thermal and mechanical loading in lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate, Pb0.92La0. 08(Zr0.65Ti0.35)0.98O3 (PLZT 8/65/35). This loss is associated with domain wall motion. Large field dielectric loss was experimentally measured using a technique that matches the area within a unipolar electric displacement – electric field hysteresis loop to an equivalent area ellipse-shaped hysteresis loop. The results indicate that the dependence of dielectric loss on bias stress changes with the onset of a thermally induced transition to slim loop behavior. Stress causes the dielectric loss to increase at low temperature and decrease at high temperature. This is consistent with changes in remnant polarization and saturation of the unipolar electric field – electric displacement hysteresis loops.
Analysing the independence hypothesis in models for rare errors: an application to auditing

Summary. Populations where items are error free are found in many areas of applied statistics, such as auditing and actuarial science. Decisions are then made by inferring the total error in a population. This parameter is usually modelled by two parametric structures under the assumption of prior independence. This paper explores the usefulness of robust Bayesian techniques in the setting of an applied problem. The results reveal a dramatic lack of robustness with regard to the independence hypothesis.
Dynamics of H-bonded liquids confined to nanopores

Broad-band dielectric spectroscopy (10−2 Hz–107 Hz) is employed to study the molecular dynamics of three low-molecular-weight glass-forming H-bonded liquids being confined in (dielectrically inactive) porous glasses with pore sizes of 2.5 nm, 5.0 nm and 7.5 nm. From the relaxation time distribution of the dielectric spectra, a three-layer model is deduced, consisting of molecules having solid-like, interfacial and bulk-like dynamics, respectively. The quantitative analysis of the different contributions shows that the bulk-like fraction scales with the pore size, the interfacial and solid-like layers remaining relatively unchanged. Our results restrict the possible existence of cooperatively rearranging clusters in the system below nanometer scale.
TEM Observation of Electrical Tree Paths and Microstructures in Polyethylene

The starting point of AC electrical trees in polyethylene and the surrounding microstructures were observed by a transmission electron microscope (TEM) for the first time. To minimize the size of tree paths, the authors developed a new apparatus for preparing specimens in which the tree growth was suppressed to less than 10 µm in length. The tree was started from a needle electrode made of carbon-filled polyethylene. The AC tree was a hollow pipe of about 100 nm diameter immediately after its generation. There were constrictions inside the tree, resulting in a corrugated surface. The starting point of the AC tree was a microscopic convex of several tens to one hundred nanometers, which was based on the cohesion of carbon particles of the electrode. The AC tree path was virtually parallel to the lamellae.
Effects of Blanket Roller Deformation on Printing Qualities in Gravure-Offset Printing Method

In this paper, the deformation of the blanket roller when using the gravure-offset printing method for printed electronics, as well as the effect of this deformation on the quality of the printing, is examined. The mechanical properties of the blanket roller, which is made of silicone rubber compounds, are measured using a rubber tester. Mooney–Rivlin material parameters are obtained for the nonlinear elastic properties by conducting uniaxial and biaxial tests. The commercial finite element method (FEM), which is a numerical tool for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), is used to analyze the deformation of the blanket roller. In the FEM model, we consider the large-scale deformation of rubber showing nonlinear elastic behavior, and introduce a contact condition between flexible and rigid bodies. The parametric study shows that in the gravure-offset printing process, the distortions of the printed pattern, as well as changes in gain and changes in the position of the patterns caused by nip deformation of the rubber blanket, is significantly affected by printing loading and friction. Moreover, non-uniform friction condition due to partly patterned zone also makes a local pattern distortion.
The evolution of the 1984 outburst of the transient X-ray source 4U 1630 - 47

The results of a series of EXOSAT observations of the X-ray transient 4U 1630 - 47 during an outburst in 1984 are presented. The source decayed over an interval of about 100 days from a maximum 1-50 keV luminosity of about 2.8 x 10 to the 38th to about 4 x 10 to the 36th erg/s (for an assumed distance of 10 kpc). The 1-50 keV spectrum was best represented by a soft Wien-like spectrum with a temperature about 1 keV and a high-energy power-law tail. The relative contribution of the soft component to that of the high-energy power law decreased by atleast a factor of about 2 as the overall luminosity decreased. When the source was at its maximum observed luminosity, short time scale 7 percent intensity variations (1-7 keV) were seen with a characteristic time scale of about 20 s. The shortest time scale variability detected was about 50 ms. A 10-arcsec position obtained using an imaging telescope excludes a previously suggested optical counterpart. The spectral properties of 4U 1630 - 47 are reminiscent of those of the black hole candidate Cyg X-1 when it evolves from a high to a low state. 28 references.
Harmonic wavelet packet transform for on-line system health diagnosis

This paper presents a new approach to on-line health diagnosis of mechanical systems, based on the wavelet packet transform. Specifically, signals acquired from vibration sensors are decomposed into sub-bands by means of the discrete harmonic wavelet packet transform (DHWPT). Based on the Fisher linear discriminant criterion, features in the selected sub-bands are then used as inputs to three classifiers (Nearest Neighbor rule-based and two Neural Network-based), for system health condition assessment. Experimental results have confirmed that, comparing to the conventional approach where statistical parameters from raw signals are used, the presented approach enabled higher signal-to-noise ratio for more effective and intelligent use of the sensory information, thus leading to more accurate system health diagnosis.
HST and Merlin Observations of 3C 264—A Laboratory for Jet Physics and Unified Schemes

We present new HST optical continuum and emission line WFPC2 images and MERLIN radio observations of 3C 264 at ~0. ″1 resolution. The jet is well resolved in both the optical and radio images. In addition, we report the discovery of an apparent optical “ring” at a projected radius of ~300-400 pc. The ring is most likely the manifestation of absorption by a nearly face-on circumnuclear dust disk. We discuss the evolution of the jet properties with distance. The jet collimation, brightness, and orientation change dramatically as it crosses the outer boundary of the “ring” suggesting an interaction between the jet and dense circumnuclear gas. We present a model for the jet propagation in which an initially relativistic jet decelerates as it crosses through a region of dense cold gas in the inner region of the galaxy. We derive the equations for brightness variations along an adiabatically expanding relativistic jet, and we model the jet brightness in 3C 264 as the combined effects of Doppler boosting, and adiabatic losses as traced through the jet velocity and width. We find that the data are consistent with a model in which the jet is initially highly relativistic (v ~ 0.98c, γ = 5) and we view it at roughly 50° inclination. We suggest that 3C 264 may serve as a laboratory for the study of relativistic entraining jets and may help us to understand the deceleration of jets, which is required in unifying schemes for FRI radio galaxies and BL Lac objects.
The Adsorption of Lysozyme on Living Escherichia Coli Bacterial Cells in the Presence of Charged Amino Acids and Glycine

The effect of glycine, glutamate, aspartate, lysine, histidine, and arginine on the adsorption of lysozyme on living Escherichia coli bacterial cells under conditions close to those for the functioning of the enzyme in saliva was studied. It was shown that the addition of the listed amino acids at concentrations of 1.5 mM for glycine and 5 mM for charged amino acids reduced the desorption constant of lysozyme by 1.4–2.0 times, while the rate of cell lysis (lysozyme activity) increased by 1.4–1.9 times. The maximum amount of lysozyme that can bind to bacteria (adsorption capacity) did not change. An increase in the efficiency of cell lysis in the presence of glycine and charged amino acids can be explained by an increase in the productive adsorption of the enzyme on the surface of bacterial cells.
Constant‐Ratio Rule for Confusion Matrices in Speech Communication

Three experiments are reported which give support to an empirical rule which may be used for predicting the entries in a closed confusion matrix for any subset of items drawn from a master set of items with a known confusion matrix. This rule, the constant‐ratio rule, states that the ratio between any two entries in a row of a submatrix is equal to the ratio between the corresponding two entries in the master matrix. For this statement of the rule it is assumed that the only variables which differ systematically in obtaining the two matrices are the different sets of messages and the allowable responses. This is an empirical rule which was formulated after examination of three 6×6 master matrices for CV's (consonant‐vowel syllables) and six 3×3 submatrices. Two more experiments using monosyllables and digits were then conducted to test further the rule. Although no direct experimental evidence is reported, the use of the constant‐ratio rule for predicting a master matrix given some of its possible submatrices is discussed.
Non-negative matrix factorization of mixed speech signals based on improved particle swarm optimization

NMF (non-negative matrix factorization) is a recently addressed speech signal processing method, In this paper, we proposed a new NMF algorithm based on improved PSO (particle swarm optimization) techniques at aims to extract non-negative components with low cross-talking error and high SNR. Compared with standard PSO algorithm, the improved PSO can overcome lower velocity of convergence by updating dynamic inertia weight. Our discussion is supported by experimental results for separating speech signals, which show that the proposed approach exhibits good performance than traditional NMF methods.
Comparing the Biology of Young versus Old Age Estrogen-Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer through Gene and Protein Expression Analyses

Background: Breast cancer developed at a young age (≤45 years) is hypothesized to have unique biology; however, findings in this field are controversial. Methods: We compared the whole transcriptomic profile of young vs. old-age breast cancer using DNA microarray. RNA was extracted from 13 fresh estrogen receptor (ER)-positive primary breast cancer tissues of untreated patients (7 = young age ≤45 years and 6 = old age ≥55 years). In silico validation for the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by young-age patients was conducted using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Next, we analyzed the protein expression encoded by two of the significantly down-regulated genes by young-age patients, Glycine N-acyltransferase-like 1 (GLYATL-1) and Ran-binding protein 3 like (RANBP3L), using immunohistochemical analysis in an independent cohort of 56 and 74 ER-positive pre-therapeutic primary breast cancer tissues, respectively. Results: 12 genes were significantly differentially expressed by young-age breast cancers (fold change >2 or <2- with FDR p-value < 0.05). TCGA data confirmed the differential expression of six genes. Protein expression analysis of GLYATL-1 and RANBP3L did not show heterogeneous expression between young and old-age breast cancer tissues. Loss of expression of GLYATL-1 was significantly (p-value 0.005) associated with positive lymph node status. Higher expression of RANBP3L was significantly associated with breast cancers with lower histopathological grades (p-value 0.038). Conclusions: At the transcriptomic level, breast cancer developed in young and old age patients seems homogenous. The variation in the transcriptomic profiles can be attributed to the other clinicopathological characteristics rather than the age of the patient.