Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increased elastin expression in astrocytes of the lamina cribrosa in response to elevated intraocular pressure.

PURPOSE To determine whether abnormal elastin synthesis in the glaucomatous optic nerve head and lamina cribrosa is due to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) or secondary to axonal injury, monkeys with elevated IOP and with optic nerve transection were compared. METHODS Unilateral, chronic elevated IOP was induced in 11 rhesus monkeys by laser scarification of the trabecular meshwork. IOP was monitored weekly and maintained within 25 to 45 mm Hg for 7 to 36 weeks. In 6 monkeys, unilateral, optic nerve transection was performed, and monkeys were killed after 4 weeks. Optic nerve damage was assessed by stereoscopic slit-lamp biomicroscopy and fundus photography and by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. The eyes were enucleated and processed for immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization and for electron microscopic immunogold detection of elastin. Axonal loss was evaluated in cross sections of the optic nerve stained with phenylenediamine. RESULTS Compared with normal contralateral controls, the lamina cribrosa of eyes with elevated IOP exhibited markedly increased elastin and the presence of elastotic aggregates in the extracellular matrix and upregulation of elastin mRNA in the astrocytes. In transected eyes, elastin appeared as fine fibers in the lamina cribrosa, without elastotic aggregates, and without new synthesis or abnormal deposition of elastin. At the transected site, new synthesis of elastin was present in the pia mater but not in astrocytes in the glial scar. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that abnormal elastin synthesis in experimental glaucomatous optic neuropathy in the monkey is specific to elevated IOP and not secondary to axonal loss. The mechanisms by which elevated IOP induces enhanced elastin synthesis in laminar astrocytes are unknown but differ from those involved in acute axonal injury such as transection, where inflammation and breakdown of the blood-nerve barrier occur.
Gene in Biliary Tract Carcinoma DPC 4 / Smad 4 Mutations of the Updated Version

A candidate tumor suppressor gene, DPC4, located at 18q21.1, has recently been shown to be inactivated in half of pancreatic adenocarcinonias. The close developmental relationship of the pancreas and biliary tract prompted us to determine the role of DPC4 in the multistep carcinogenesis of biliary tract carcinoma. A search for mutations in the genomic sequence of the highly conserved COOH-terminal domain of DPC4 (exons 8-11) was performed by single-strand conformational poly morphism analysis. Five of 32 (16%) primary biliary tract carcinomas had point mutations in the DPC4 sequence. Interestingly, inactivation OÃ•DPC4 was especially common in carcinomas originating from the common bile duct (four of eight specimens analyzed), suggesting an important role for I>! '(-! in the development of this subtype of biliary tract tumor.
A novel 92∼96GHz high isolated power divider using microstrip-slotline transitions

A new kind of planar power divider is proposed. The power divider incorporates microstrip-slotline transitions and annular slotline to realize high isolation. Utilize HFSS of Agilent Technologies to simulate, more than 23db isolation is achieved between the two output ports in a frequency range from 92 to 96 GHz, return loss is more than 23dB. Little insertion loss, high degree of phase and amplitude balance are achieved. The experimental results shows that the isolation between the two output ports is better than 18dB, the insertion loss is less than 1 dB. Moreover, a improved structure is proposed in order to improve the return loss and insertion loss.
Transforming Web Graphics for Mobile Devices

As the Web has been developed quickly, there are more and more demands for accessing Web applications from mobile devices such as PDAs. Since the screen size of a mobile device is very limited and varies from each other, we need a capability of transformation from Web graphs to suit mobile device displays. Such a transformation usually includes location change, differential scaling and semantic zooming. This paper presents a visual approach to the layout transformation of graphical objects from the Web to mobile device screens. The underlying theory of our approach is a contextsensitive graph grammar formalism. We use an enhanced node-edge diagram with a spatial partitioning mechanism to represent layout structures and support automatic transformations. Several examples of graph transformations are provided to demonstrate the conciseness and expressiveness of our contextsensitive graph grammar formalism. Theses extended context-sensitive graph grammars with spatial specifications can also be used in a wide range of applications such as multimedia interfaces, electronic publishing and XML document conversion.
A Fine-Grained Cross-Domain Access Control Mechanism for Social Internet of Things

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) and social networks is the important trend of new network technologies, which is Social Internet of Tings (SIoT). In many application scenarios, SIoT are controlled by different authorities. And the network nodes belong to different domain can share the sensor data by standard protocols. Moreover, in a mission-critical application scenario various types of data generate by all kinks of the nodes of SIoT may belong to different security levels, and thus are meant to be accessed only by selected types of users. Therefore, a fine-grained cross-domain access is the core problem for it. To address this, this paper focus on the fine-grained cross-domain access control mechanism of SIoT, which including trust model for certificate authority, user login protocol, cross-domain secure authentication protocol, and cross-domain fine-grained access control. The simulation results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme, which provide strong support for integrating IoT and social networks securely.
The minimum risk angle for automatic target recognition using the intersecting cortical model

While kids easily find 3-D objects like animals in a scene (e.g. a photograph), this is still not the case for algorithms running on von Neumann computers or neural network chips. The present investigation has two goals: Finding "signatures" of the object in the scene and trying to find out at which observation angle the chance of correct identification is the best. By signatures we mean a vector of reasonable size (say 50 elements). Clearly a cow looks different from the back or from the side. A car is probably more easily identified viewed from the front than it is from above. For a plane it may be the other way around. Thus if we define a general but compact "signature" of the object, it will surely depend on the viewing angle. The problem of finding the most optimal viewing angle is dealt with in this paper.
Antithrombotic therapy in neonates and children: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines.

BACKGROUND Neonates and children differ from adults in physiology, pharmacologic responses to drugs, epidemiology, and long-term consequences of thrombosis. This guideline addresses optimal strategies for the management of thrombosis in neonates and children. METHODS The methods of this guideline follow those described in the Methodology for the Development of Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis Guidelines: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. RESULTS We suggest that where possible, pediatric hematologists with experience in thromboembolism manage pediatric patients with thromboembolism (Grade 2C). When this is not possible, we suggest a combination of a neonatologist/pediatrician and adult hematologist supported by consultation with an experienced pediatric hematologist (Grade 2C). We suggest that therapeutic unfractionated heparin in children is titrated to achieve a target anti-Xa range of 0.35 to 0.7 units/mL or an activated partial thromboplastin time range that correlates to this anti-Xa range or to a protamine titration range of 0.2 to 0.4 units/mL (Grade 2C). For neonates and children receiving either daily or bid therapeutic low-molecular-weight heparin, we suggest that the drug be monitored to a target range of 0.5 to 1.0 units/mL in a sample taken 4 to 6 h after subcutaneous injection or, alternatively, 0.5 to 0.8 units/mL in a sample taken 2 to 6 h after subcutaneous injection (Grade 2C). CONCLUSIONS The evidence supporting most recommendations for antithrombotic therapy in neonates and children remains weak. Studies addressing appropriate drug target ranges and monitoring requirements are urgently required in addition to site- and clinical situation-specific thrombosis management strategies.
Information Transmission and Adjustment Process During Speculative Bubbles: Indian and Us Markets During Technology Bubble

It is widely accepted that speculative bubbles lead to prolonged deviations in the securities prices from their intrinsic values. Stock mispricing due to such deviations may not only lead to adverse wealth effects for the investors but also towards overall economic stability of the economy. However, it is not clear whether the level and magnitude of mispricing varies across economies for a particular economic event. The Technology bubble formation during the late Nineties, and its subsequent deflation during the early Twenties, provides an opportunity to examine the information transmission, adjustment and the extent of mispricing across different economies. This paper addresses these issues using Variance Decomposition and, Impulse Response methodology provided by Sims (1980) and Corrected Damodaran (1993) methodology. We find differences in price adjustment process in the two markets; for instance, we find that it takes a longer period for information adjustment in the Indian Technology equity market compared with US Technology equities. Also, Indian stocks on average overreact to information arrival where as US stocks on average underreact to information arrival. Interestingly, we find that the US and the Indian technology markets were not cointegrated over the observations period and that the US market led the Indian market in the price discovery process in all periods except during the bubble formation period. Finally, this paper reports specific aspects of firm characteristics-based portfolios in both markets. Overall we find that the US market has a faster recovery mechanism than the Indian market.
A patient with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome and all features of RAPADILINO.

BACKGROUND Mutations of the human helicase gene RECQL4 have been identified in a subset of patients with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) and in children with the diagnosis of RAPADILINO syndrome (RAdial hypoplasia/aplasia, PAtellar hypoplasia/aplasia, cleft or highly arched PAlate, DIarrhea and DIslocated joints, LIttle size [>2 SDs below the mean in height] and LImb malformation, and slender NOse and NOrmal intelligence). While many features of the 2 genetic disorders overlap, poikiloderma--a hallmark of RTS--has been described as generally absent in RAPADILINO syndrome. OBSERVATIONS We report herein a patient with RTS who carries a truncating mutation and a newly identified missense mutation of RECQL4. The proband uniquely developed all criteria of RAPADILINO in addition to his prominent skin findings. CONCLUSIONS Patients with RTS may possess all features of RAPADILINO. Consequently, a genetic approach to RTS and RAPADILINO could be beneficial. This approach may provide a better understanding of the wide variety of related phenotypic findings and improve prognostics.
Extracting coordinate word pairs for dependency parsing

The subtask of identifying coordinate structures in Chinese dependency analysis is a challenging problem. The accuracy of coordinate word recognition remains below the average. To address this problem, we propose an automatic identification method based on large-scale unlabeled corpus. We then integrate a set of new features corresponding to the collected word pairs into the dependency parser. Specifically, our proposed method is based on the presence of easy-to-identify coordinate fragments. Our method can be divided into two steps. In the first step, we leverage two hand-crafted rules to extract highly accurate coordinate word pairs as seed words. The second step is to utilize seed words to extract coordinate structures in the corpus for further use of coordinate word pair extraction. Experimental results show that the extracted coordinate word pairs can significantly improve the accuracy on coordinate structure dependency analysis.
Interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLC) as steroid hormone sensors in human myometrium: immunocytochemical approach

Expression of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors was investigated in cultured human normal myometrial cells (non‐pregnant uterus, fertile period). The ER and PR expression was studied by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence on either myocytes or interstitial Cajal‐like cells (ICLC). Only those cells double immunostained for c‐kit and steroid receptors were considered as ICLC. ER and/or PR immunoreactivity was localized in ICLC, primarily concentrated at the nucleus level, but it was also observed in the cell body (cytoplasm) and processes. Stronger immunopositive reaction in the ICLC nucleus for PR than for ER was noted. Under our experimental conditions, a clear positive repeatable reaction for steroid receptors could not be detected in myocytes. In conclusion, these data suggest that ICLC could be true hormonal ‘sensors’, possibly participating in the regulation of human myometrial contractions (via gap junctions with myocytes and/or by paracrine signaling).
Resonant-phonon terahertz quantum-cascade laser operating at 2.1 THz (λ≃141 µm)

The development of quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) at 2.1 THz (λ≃141 µm), which is the longest wavelength QCL to date without the assistance of magnetic fields, is reported. This laser uses a structure based on resonant-phonon depopulation, and a metal–metal waveguide to obtain high modal confinement with low waveguide losses. Lasing was observed up to a heatsink temperature of 72 K in pulsed mode and 40 K in continuous-wave (CW) mode, and 1.2 mW of power was obtained in CW mode at 17 K.
Structure of CfaA Suggests a New Family of Chaperones Essential for Assembly of Class 5 Fimbriae

Adhesive pili on the surface of pathogenic bacteria comprise polymerized pilin subunits and are essential for initiation of infections. Pili assembled by the chaperone-usher pathway (CUP) require periplasmic chaperones that assist subunit folding, maintain their stability, and escort them to the site of bioassembly. Until now, CUP chaperones have been classified into two families, FGS and FGL, based on the short and long length of the subunit-interacting loops between its F1 and G1 β-strands, respectively. CfaA is the chaperone for assembly of colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) pili of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), a cause of diarrhea in travelers and young children. Here, the crystal structure of CfaA along with sequence analyses reveals some unique structural and functional features, leading us to propose a separate family for CfaA and closely related chaperones. Phenotypic changes resulting from mutations in regions unique to this chaperone family provide insight into their function, consistent with involvement of these regions in interactions with cognate subunits and usher proteins during pilus assembly.
Playing Dice With Criminal Sentences: The Influence of Irrelevant Anchors on Experts’ Judicial Decision Making

Judicial sentencing decisions should be guided by facts, not by chance. The present research however demonstrates that the sentencing decisions of experienced legal professionals are influenced by irrelevant sentencing demands even if they are blatantly determined at random. Participating legal experts anchored their sentencing decisions on a given sentencing demand and assimilated toward it even if this demand came from an irrelevant source (Study 1), they were informed that this demand was randomly determined (Study 2), or they randomly determined this demand themselves by throwing dice (Study 3). Expertise and experience did not reduce this effect. This sentencing bias appears to be produced by a selective increase in the accessibility of arguments that are consistent with the random sentencing demand: The accessibility of incriminating arguments was higher if participants were confronted with a high rather than a low anchor (Study 4). Practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed.
EVACUATION SIMULATION WITH LIMITED CAPACITY SINKS An evolutionary approach to solve the shelter allocation and capacity problem in a multi-agent evacuation simulation

Evacuation modeling is an important problem that has been intensively studied in the last 40 years. In a general evacuation situation, there might be more then one safe place. A common approach to reduce this multidestination problem to a single destination problem is to connect all safe places via zero cost links to a super sink. However, this approach works only as long as the safe places have no capacity constraints. In this paper, we present an approach to solve an evacuation problem where the safe places have limited capacities. This is, for example, the case if the safe places are shelter buildings for tsunami evacuation. The problem is solved through an evolutionary learning algorithm for the combined routeand shelter-assignment problem combined with a heuristic approach for the fair minimization of shelter capacities. Different behavioral assumptions (”fair” vs. ”globally optimal”) are investigated. The proposed approaches are discussed in the context of a real-world tsunami evacuation problem.
A simple method for coarse frequency acquisition through FFT

In mobilesat communications, offsets in frequency are important to estimate before further processing and decoding of the received signal. We devise a straightforward technique for coarse frequency acquisition through FFT computation of a set of special preamble schemes suitable for any Nyquist pulse. We have considered the noise samples model when such samples are assumed to be uncorrelated, as in most of the literature. We also show how to approximate the analysis when the receiver's narrowband LPF is taken into account, which results in noise attenuation and correlation. The former is more important and results in relatively improved performance. The presented results are obtained through theory and verified by computer simulation. <<ETX>>
A 400-MHz super-regenerative receiver with digital calibration for capsule endoscope systems in 0.18-μm CMOS

A low-power super-regenerative receiver (SR-RX) with a digitally-controlled oscillator for the capsule endoscope system is reported in this paper. In this work, an open-loop frequency calibration loop is proposed to adjust the oscillator center frequency to the desired frequency band. The RX operates in the 402-405 MHz MICS band, and is designed to receive on-off keying modulation signal. This chip was fabricated in the TSMC 0.18-mum CMOS process. The RX start-up time is only 14.8 mus and is capable of a maximum data rate of 1 Mbps. The SR-RX consumes 5.5 mW from a 1.5-V supply voltage.
Experimental comparison of Kalman Filters for vehicle localization

Localizing a vehicle consists in estimating its state by merging data from proprioceptive sensors (inertial measurement unit, gyrometer, odometer, etc.) and exteroceptive sensors (GPS sensor). A well known solution in state estimation is provided by the Kalman filter. But, due to the presence of nonlinearities, the Kalman estimator is applicable only through some alternatives among which the Extended Kalman filter (EKF), the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) and the Divided Differences of 1st and 2nd order (DD1 and DD2). We have compared these filters using the same experimental data. The results obtained are aimed at ranking these approaches by their performances in terms of accuracy and consistency.
Evolution of co-operative communication signals in artificial societies

Experimental issues arise when scientists attempt to directly study emergent behaviour brought on by the evolutionary process. Recently, algorithms that simulate artificial evolution in robotic societies have been used to circumvent such issues. This study attempts to investigate and interpret emergent signals used by artificial agents when evolved through a simple genetic algorithm setup. A multiagent simulation environment is used to model foraging behaviour of artificial agents. Results identify the importance of communication in facilitating co-operative behaviour and reveal interesting convergence in the use of communication signals. Future work is suggested to amend some of the model's drastic simplifications.
Information technology skills for the South African public service

The European Institute of Public Administration (2005:17) states that the use of information technology, the internet and the development of e-government implies a modernised way to provide services, share data, communicate, complete tasks and work in any government. The South African government is also aware of the important role that information technology can play in transforming government, and providing information and public services to citizens. The need for information technology skills was highlighted as important for the fi rst time in South Africa in 2002 when the South African Minister of Public ABSTRACT
Tristetraprolin Inhibits Poly(A)-Tail Synthesis in Nuclear mRNA that Contains AU-Rich Elements by Interacting with Poly(A)-Binding Protein Nuclear 1

Background Tristetraprolin binds mRNA AU-rich elements and thereby facilitates the destabilization of mature mRNA in the cytosol. Methodology/Principal Findings To understand how tristetraprolin mechanistically functions, we biopanned with a phage-display library for proteins that interact with tristetraprolin and retrieved, among others, a fragment of poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1, which assists in the 3'-polyadenylation of mRNA by binding to immature poly(A) tails and thereby increases the activity of poly(A) polymerase, which is directly responsible for polyadenylation. The tristetraprolin/poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 interaction was characterized using tristetraprolin and poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 deletion mutants in pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Tristetraprolin interacted with the carboxyl-terminal region of poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 via its tandem zinc finger domain and another region. Although tristetraprolin and poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 are located in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, they interacted in vivo in only the nucleus. In vitro, tristetraprolin bound both poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 and poly(A) polymerase and thereby inhibited polyadenylation of AU-rich element–containing mRNAs encoding tumor necrosis factor α, GM-CSF, and interleukin-10. A tandem zinc finger domain–deleted tristetraprolin mutant was a less effective inhibitor. Expression of a tristetraprolin mutant restricted to the nucleus resulted in downregulation of an AU-rich element–containing tumor necrosis factor α/luciferase mRNA construct. Conclusion/Significance In addition to its known cytosolic mRNA–degrading function, tristetraprolin inhibits poly(A) tail synthesis by interacting with poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 in the nucleus to regulate expression of AU-rich element–containing mRNA.