Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unspecific Event Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks

Event detection has always been an important application in the practical deployment of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Although threshold based event detection method works well in some cases when significant characteristics exist for specific event, it has some limitations in many other application scenarios when we do not know much priori knowledge on incoming event. Inspired by the latest development of time series data mining technology, a flexible approach is proposed for unspecific event discovery in this paper. Event is defined as a pattern that is infrequent appeared. An algorithm is developed to find event patterns efficiently. We show how this approach outperforms threshold based method in Castalia simulation environment.
Juvenile Homicide: The Research

Introduction The following article provides an assessment of the more recent research (1988-1998) into the causes and treatment of juvenile homicide. It will be divided into a) the etiology of homicide in young persons, and b) the diagnostic angle. To date, relatively little information has been available on the treatment of young people convicted of homicide. Further, the article will tackle the details of weaponry used, the sentencing of young homicide offenders, the rate of recidivism amongst such offenders, and who the victims of such murders are. The author will put forward both preventative approaches as well as therapeutic procedures.
Fine-Grained and Layered Object Recognition

This paper presents a novel research on promoting the performance and enriching the functionalities of object recognition. Instead of simply fitting various data to a few predefined semantic object categories, we propose to generate proper results for different object instances based on their actual visual appearances. The results can be fine-grained and layered categorization along with absolute or relative localization. We present a generic model based on structured prediction and an efficient online learning algorithm to solve it. Experiments on a new benchmark dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our model and its superiority against traditional recognition methods.
CYSTATIN C: A BETTER INDICATOR THAN CREATININE TO ASSESS THE RENAL FUNCTIONS

Plasma or Serum creatinine is most widely used to measure Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in clinical practice. Although most widely used, creatinine cannot be considered as an ideal marker due to its various preanalytical and analytical limitations. The major disadvantage of creatinine being it is unable to detect mild reduction in GFR (60-80ml/min/1.73m). To overcome its limitations, various creatinine based formulas have been introduced to estimate the GFR from creatinine concentration with the correction for age, muscle mass and sex. The Cockcroft and Gault (C&G) formula and modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula are most commonly used in adults and Schwartz formula is used in children. However use of these formulas to estimate the GFR does not bypass inherent limitations of creatinine. Cystatin C is a low molecular weight protein used to estimate GFR. Cystatin C is considered superior to creatinine due to its various properties like constant production independent of age, sex, muscle mass and not being secreted or reabsorbed by the renal tubules. Major advantage of Cystatin C is its ability to detect mild reduction in GFR (60-80ml/min/1.73m 2 ). Many studies have demonstrated that cystatin C is a better marker than creatinine but few other studies have concluded that cystatin C is equivalent to creatinine but provides no advantage. So we have extensively reviewed the literature to compare the usefulness of Cystatin C over Creatinine in normal subjects as well as in individuals with Acute Renal Failure, Chronic Renal Failure, Diabetes, pediatric population and in elderly subjects.
Say it loud! I'm Black and I'm proud!: a study of successful Black female students educated in an urban middle school

x CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION.1 Background of the Study.2 Research Representation of Black Female Students.2 Resistance to “Acting White”. 6 “Silence,” “Loudness,” and Black Female Students.9 Purpose of the Study.14 Operational Definitions.16 Limitations.17 Delimitations.17 Chapter Conclusion.17 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 19 Adolescence in the United States.19 Educational and Socializing Experiences of Adolescent Females.29 Education of Students in Urban School Environments.32 Racial Identity Development and Black Adolescents.36 Cross Scale of Nigrescence.39 Black Students Strategizing Academic Success and Racial Identity.44 Educational Experiences of Other Ethnically and Culturally Diverse Students.52 Chapter Conclusion.55 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY.57 Research Context.58 Phase I: Participant Selection.64 Instrumentation: The Racial Identity Attitude Scale (RIAS-B). 65 Phase I Results.66 Phase II: Ethnography, Voice, & Grounded Theory.70 Ethnographic Data Collection and Analysis.75 Chapter Conclusion.85 CHAPTER FOUR: HANGIN’ WITH MY GIRLS . 86 Participants’ Biographies.87 Portrait of the Participants . 111
REFLECTIONS ON GLOBAL JUSTICE AND AMERICAN EXCEPTIONALISM: The United States as a Model for the World?

American exceptionalism is a double-edged sword, often taking the form of a cultural predisposition to promote universal values to the world, but also taking a form of exempting the United States from scrutiny regarding living by those values itself. As 46.1 percent of the American public voted for the latter version of American exceptionalism in 2016, this essay examines several areas of that self-exemption, including treaties the United States fails to sign or ratify, trade policies, trafficking in persons policy, torture in counterterrorism policy, targeting Muslims indiscriminately in drone strikes and screening refugees, transparency lacking in campaign finance, trust in institutions, and the style of populism emergent in the 2016 election. There are prospects for renewal when such a gap emerges between ideas and institutions, based on earlier cycles in American history. U.S. legitimacy as a powerful catalyst for a world order favoring human dignity depends on being an exemplar.
Testing Database Applications Mtech Seminar Report

Database applications play an important role in nearly every organization, yet little has been done on testing of database applications. They are becoming increasingly complex and are subject to constant change. They are often designed to be executed concurrently by many clients. Testing of database application hence is of utmost importance to avoid any future errors encountered in the application, since a single faults in database application can result in unrecoverable data loss and which may effect working of any organization. Many tools and frameworks for performing testing of database applications, such as AGENDA, has been proposed to populate the test database and generate test cases which checks the correctness of application. They check database applications for consistency constraints and transactions concurrency. In this report we first present various such procedures and strategies, proposed in the literatures for testing database applications. Strategies for testing of embedded SQL queries within imperative language are presented next. Finally we present strategies for performing efficient regression tests for testing database applications and parallel execution of test runs for application system.
Current Trends in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

With today's increasing emphasis on sporting activities, the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries has also increased. Epidemiologic studies estimate that the prevalence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries is about 1 per 3000 Americans. Management of these injuries has evolved from nonoperative treatment to extracapsular augmentation and primary ligament repair to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Treatment of these injuries has significantly improved over the last few decades with the application of knowledge gained from both basic science and clinical research. This article is composed of two parts. The first part reviews the biology and biomechanics of the injured anterior cruciate ligament and the basic science of reconstruction. In the second part, to be published later, current operative concepts of reconstruction, as well as clinical correlations, are reviewed. Summarizing the latest information on basic scientific as well as clinical studies regarding the anterior cruciate ligament, this article intends to demonstrate the correlation between the application of basic science knowledge and improvement of clinical outcomes.
Stereotypical Beliefs and Attitudes toward Psychological Disorders in a Rural Community in Nigeria

Abstract Findings have shown the importance of beliefs in formation of people’s attitudes toward psychological disorders. Also, understanding the extent at which each of the described stereotypical beliefs contributes in explaining people’s attitudes is vital for intervention purposes. The study examined the stereotypical beliefs that psychological disorders are dangerous, embarrassing and incurable as predictors of attitudes toward mental illness. This is a cross-sectional survey using ex-post facto research design. Data were collected from 200 (M= 28.88, SD= 10.27) participants using structured questionnaire that consisted of demographical characteristics, measures of beliefs about psychological disorders and attitudes toward mental illness. Results of a three-model hierarchical regression test show significant independent and joint contributions of beliefs toward people’s attitudes to mental illness. Belief that psychological disorder is dangerous (R2 = 15%) was found to have the largest contribution; followed by the beliefs that it is incurable (R2 =12%) and embarrassing (R2 = 5%) of the explained variance in attitudes toward mental illness. It is concluded that members of the rural community still have some stereotypical beliefs about psychological disorders; and these could affect their attitudes toward mentally ill. It is recommended that intervention programmes made by mental health practitioners and stakeholders should be focused on defusing the minds of people in rural communities of their beliefs and attitudes toward psychological disorders as well as those individuals suffering from them.
Dynamics of environmental consciousness and green purchase behaviour: an empirical study

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between environmental consciousness (ECO), green purchase attitude (GPA), green purchase intention (GPI), perceived customer effectiveness (PCE), green behaviour (GRB) and green purchase behaviour (GPB). Based on the statistical analyses, this paper offers some further research directions to advance the extant literature. Design/methodology/approach The theoretical model is firmly grounded in extant literature. To test the study hypotheses, the authors have developed a survey instrument following a two-stage process. The constructs were first operationalized by the authors and then pre-tested by experts. Dillman’s (2007) guidelines were then followed to gather data. Finally, the theoretical model was tested using multivariate statistical tools. Findings Results indicate that ECO has an influence on GPA and PCE; GPA has an influence on PCE and GRB; GPI has an influence on PCE; and GRB has an influence on GPB. Environmental benefit still ranks at the sixth position among eight product-selection criteria, as is evident from qualitative in-depth interviews indicating a primarily rationalistic and not an altruistic purchase approach. The gap in translation of ECO into GB and GPB can be attributed to costliness, non-availability with less variety, lack of brand reputation of green products and budget constraints for customers. Research limitations/implications The study faces the limitation of generalizability of the results because it was carried out in a particular state in India; it may not be the perception of the country as a whole. The bias owing to social desirability, selective memory and telescoping with the use of self-reported data could also be a limitation for the current empirical study. Originality/value This study aimed to extend pro-environmental behaviour studies beyond developed countries and to empirically validate the models built on the theory of ECO leading to GPB, especially for India, a rising market. A novel approach to empirically discuss the situational and market factors will provide a much-needed thrust for research on these lines.
Improvement of applications' stability through robust APIs

Modern programs require useful and robust APIs to guarantee applications' responsiveness. Given that large APIs can be used by novice developers and that not all experts are infallible, a well-designed API should inform developers about all the possible exceptions that an application can throw when it calls specific API methods. This research aims to identify automatically which exceptions should be included in an API reference. For this, there will be an evaluation of the Android API with an emphasis on its Java error-handling mechanism. First goal will be the automatic identification of as many as possible critical exceptions that each API method of the system can throw.Second goal will be the recommendation of undocumented exceptions that can lead client applications to execution failures (crashes). Consequently, the contribution of this research would be the decrease of possible application crashes that are associated with undocumented exceptions.
Modeling and simulation for on-chip power grid networks by locally dominant Krylov subspace method

Fast analysis of power grid networks has been a challenging problem for many years. The huge size renders circuit simulation inefficient and the large number of inputs further limits the application of existing Krylov-subspace macromodeling algorithms. However, strong locality has been observed that two nodes geometrically far have very small electrical impact on each other because of the exponential attenuation. However, no systematic approaches have been proposed to exploit such locality. In this paper, we propose a novel modeling and simulation scheme, which can automatically identify the dominant inputs for a given observed node in a power grid network. This enables us to build extremely compact models by projecting the system onto the locally dominant Krylov subspace corresponding to those dominant inputs only. The resulting simulation can be very fast with the compact models if we only need to view the responses of a few nodes under many different inputs. Experimental results show that the proposed method can have at least 100X speedup over SPICE-like simulations on a number of large power grid networks up to 1 M nodes.
Q-Curvature, Spectral Invariants, and Representation Theory

We give an introductory account of functional determinants of elliptic operators on manifolds and Polyakov-type formulas for their infinitesimal and finite conformal varia- tions. We relate this to extremal problems and to the Q-curvature on even-dimensional conformal manifolds. The exposition is self-contained, in the sense of giving references sufficient to allow the reader to work through all details.
Food rejection and the development of food category-based induction in 2–6 years old children

ABSTRACT We studied children’s inductive inferences within the domain of food categories. There has so far been little research on inductive reasoning about food among children, despite the theoretical and practical importance of knowing what knowledge children bring to the table and how they use it. We tested the hypotheses that children’s food category-based induction performances and their food rejection are negatively correlated, and that these performances are influenced by the colour typicality of the food items. We recruited 126 children aged 2–6 years, and administered a category-based induction task. Participants were successively shown 8 sets of three pictures containing one target picture (a vegetable) and two test pictures (a vegetable dissimilar in colour to the target picture and a fruit similar in colour to the target picture). For each set, participants were told a novel property about the target picture and asked to generalise this property to one of the two test pictures. Additionally, the parents of each child filled out a questionnaire about his or her food rejection tendencies. Results on accuracy (i.e. if participants generalised the properties according to category membership, not perceptual similarity) provided the first empirical evidence in favour of a negative relationship between children’s food rejection and food category-based induction.
From Inaction to Interaction: Concept and Application of the Null Gesture

Gestures in HCI often have a meaning in the real world or are specifically designed for an application. They have a definition and purpose. We introduce Null Gestures: Bodily utterances that have no clearly defined purpose or meaning, such as rubbing one's chin while thinking. They exist, but their assignment is 'Null'. Using the computer, we help users unlock their potential by giving them a meaning in the human-computer dialogue. We thus hope to instigate a discussion about their potential use in HCI and the role of the computer as an enabler for the discovery of unused motor abilities.
Nicotine Induces Negative Energy Balance Through Hypothalamic AMP-Activated Protein Kinase

Smokers around the world commonly report increased body weight after smoking cessation as a major factor that interferes with their attempts to quit. Numerous controlled studies in both humans and rodents have reported that nicotine exerts a marked anorectic action. The effects of nicotine on energy homeostasis have been mostly pinpointed in the central nervous system, but the molecular mechanisms controlling its action are still not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nicotine on hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its effect on energy balance. Here we demonstrate that nicotine-induced weight loss is associated with inactivation of hypothalamic AMPK, decreased orexigenic signaling in the hypothalamus, increased energy expenditure as a result of increased locomotor activity, increased thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT), and alterations in fuel substrate utilization. Conversely, nicotine withdrawal or genetic activation of hypothalamic AMPK in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus reversed nicotine-induced negative energy balance. Overall these data demonstrate that the effects of nicotine on energy balance involve specific modulation of the hypothalamic AMPK-BAT axis. These targets may be relevant for the development of new therapies for human obesity.
Retrieval of forest biomass from SAR data

Abstract In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the use of radar data for observations of forest ecosystems. In particular, it was shown that the intensity of SAR images at L band was proportional to the forest aboveground biomass. More recently, the analysis of NASA/ JPL SAR data over the Landes forest “south-west France” revealed strong correlation between P-band backscatter and biomass of pine trees and related characteristics “tree age, height, diameter”. Also, similar relations have been obtained on two different forests “maritime pine at Landes forest, France, and loblolly pine at Duke forest, U.S.A. ”. This paper presents a step further in the understanding of the observations. using theoretical modelling applied to calibrated SAR data to explain the radar backscatter from the forest canopy under study. The study is presented at P band, which was found to be an optimal frequency band for forest observations. It was found that the H H return is physically related to both trunk and .
Charting changes in the discipline: a tri-continental analysis

The purpose of this paper is to describe and chart three key and underpinning dimensions of Information Systems (IS) research in three ‘flagship’ journals of three continents, over a period of nine years. The dimensions are: research domain, research paradigm, and research setting and they comprise respectively, ‘the what’, ‘the how’, and ‘the where’ of research. The paper contributes to the debate on research diversity in Information Systems in three ways. Firstly, it provides a view of ‘research domain’ that is at a semantically higher level than previous schemas examining the ‘what’ of research. This view reveals deep structural trends within the IS literature. Secondly, it details the results of a content analysis which examined research domain, research paradigm, and research setting within the journals MIS Quarterly (MISQ), European Journal of Information Systems (EJIS) and the Australasian Journal of Information Systems (AJIS) during the years 2001-2009. Lastly, the study compares the publication trends across the three continents and identifies an emerging, if tentative convergence across the Atlantic and to some extent in Australia. The paper suggests some reasons for this convergence and some avenues to explore it.
Emotional expression and eating in overweight and obesity

ABSTRACT Objectives: To explore psychological factors associated with emotional eating and obesity in a sample of overweight and obese adults attending a weight management programme. Design: A cross-sectional quantitative research design. Methods: Participants (n = 97) completed the Emotional Eating Subscale of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, the Attitude towards Emotional Expression (AEE) scale and the mindful awareness observe subscale of the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills scale. Clinical measures of body mass index (BMI) were also recorded. Results: Regression analyses revealed that AEE was a significant predictor of emotional eating (β = 0.59, p = .000). Control, the belief that emotions should be controlled (β = 0.39, p = .026) and the response to eat to diffuse emotion (β = 0.37, p = .045) were statistically significant predictors of BMI. Mediation analyses revealed that mindful awareness skills had a significant indirect effect on the relationship between AEE and emotional eating. Conclusions: Findings highlight the influence of AEE on emotional eating and body weight, thereby helping to validate recent developments in an affect phobia model of emotional eating. The authors highlight the prevalence of emotional eating in overweight and obese adults. The potential preventative role of mindful awareness skills may be limited. Validation of the model may be a useful framework for the development and implementation of future weight management interventions.
Derivation of Respiratory Signals from Multi-lead ECGs

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. , and Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, Mass. , USA (*); Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy (+) This article originally appeared in Computers in Cardiology (Washington, DC: IEEE Computer Society Press). Please cite this publication when referencing this material. A sample implementation of the algorithm described in this paper is available in source form here.
The Evolution of Game Controllers and Control Schemes and their Effect on their games

Video and computer games controls and controllers have gone through a large amount of change recently. The introduction of new, more immersive control technologies such as motion sensing and touchscreens into the commercial games market has and will change the design of games. This paper looks at how games have spurred on the development of controllers ﬁtted to their needs and how some games adapt themselves to the controller technology already present.