Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feedbacks in a Simple Prognostic Tropical Climate Model

Abstract A simple four-cell model of the tropical atmosphere in equilibrium with its boundaries is introduced, which can support a variable diabatic circulation and prognostic temperature and humidity profiles. The model is used to predict atmospheric perturbations away from the observed base state. Prognostic variables include radiation, surface fluxes, and dynamic transports, with temperature and water vapor levels determined by conservation constraints. The model includes a specially developed water vapor scheme that performs favorably compared with observations. The model is used to simulate the local and nonlocal sensitivity of the tropical maritime atmosphere to changes in surface temperature and other boundary conditions at very large horizontal scales. The main findings are as follows. (i) The sensitivity of boundary layer convergence to sea surface temperature (SST) variations depends on the behavior of convective heating over cooler regions and may be overestimated by heuristic models that ignor.
Improving the Post-Operative Prediction of BCR-Free Survival Time with mRNA Variables and Machine Learning

Simple Summary Prostate cancer is among the most prevalent cancers for men globally, accounting for 13% of cancer diagnoses in the male population each year. Surgical intervention is the primary treatment option but fails in up to 40% of patients, who experience biochemical recurrence (BCR). Determining the likelihood of recurrence and the length of time between surgery and BCR is critical for patient treatment decision-making. Traditional predictive models exploit routine clinical variables such as cancer stage, and may be improved upon by leveraging other accessible information about the patient. This study considers including patient-specific genomic data to identify relevant additional predictors of BCR-free survival, which requires the use of modern machine learning techniques. The results of this study indicate that including such genomic data leads to a gain in BCR prediction performance over models using clinical variables only. Abstract Predicting the risk of, and time to biochemical recurrence (BCR) in prostate cancer patients post-operatively is critical in patient treatment decision pathways following surgical intervention. This study aimed to investigate the predictive potential of mRNA information to improve upon reference nomograms and clinical-only models, using a dataset of 187 patients that includes over 20,000 features. Several machine learning methodologies were implemented for the analysis of censored patient follow-up information with such high-dimensional genomic data. Our findings demonstrated the potential of inclusion of mRNA information for BCR-free survival prediction. A random survival forest pipeline was found to achieve high predictive performance with respect to discrimination, calibration, and net benefit. Two mRNA variables, namely ESM1 and DHAH8, were identified as consistently strong predictors with this dataset.
Theoretical study and 2D computational modeling of middle-infrared radiation generation in the field of few-cycle laser pulse propagating in GaSe slab waveguide

We have performed the theoretical study and 2D finite-difference time-domain-based computational modeling of middle-infrared radiation generation in the field of few-cycle laser pulse propagating in GaSe slab waveguide. The interaction of linearly polarized pulse with 1.98 um central wavelength, 22.44 fs duration, and electric field amplitudes 100 MV/m, propagated along the [010] crystalline direction of GaSe crystal with polarization aligned along [100] is considered. The crystal length chosen is equal to 21.78 um. Symmetric GaSe slab waveguides with 6.336 um, 7.92 um, 11.88 um, and 15.84 um thicknesses excited by the Gaussian pump beams with 3.96 um, 5.94 um, 8.91 um, and 11.88 um diameters, respectively, are considered. The 2D distributions of the electric fields are obtained by numerical integration of Maxwell’s equations’ systems. The spatially spectral normalized distributions of the electric fields are obtained. The efficiency of generated infrared (IR) radiation vs. spatial transverse coordinate is obtained.
Electron energetics in the inner coma of comet Halley

A quasi-two-dimensional model of the spatial and energy distribution of electrons in the inner coma of comet Halley has been constructed from a spherically symmetric ion density profile based on Giotto measurements, using the two-stream electron transport method and the time-dependent electron energy equation. A variety of heating and cooling processes were included, such as cooling via rotational, vibrational, and electronic excitation of water vapor due to electron impact. A sharp jump in the electron temperature was found to be present at a cometocentric distance of about 15,000 km. This thermal boundary separates an inner region where cooling processes are dominant from an outer region where heat transport is more important. Both thermal (T{sub e} less than about 10{sup 4} K) and suprathermal electron populations exist inside the thermal boundary with comparable kinetic pressures. Outside the thermal boundary, a cold electron population does not exist, and the electrons are almost isothermal along the magnetic field lines.
THE CLOSE MULTIPLE SYSTEM MU ORI : MASSES AND THE MASS-LIMINOSITY RELANTION.

The observations made of the secondary component B of the close visual binary mu Ori are described. The Reticon observations made at red wavelengths showed the secondary to be a double-lined spectroscopic binary with a period of 4.78 days and nearly identical components having minimum masses of 1.1 solar mass each. Previous estimates are corroborated by the large spectroscopic mass ratio of B to A and B. The discovery that B is a pair of late-F dwarfs solves the apparent mass-luminosity relation discrepancy noted in previous studies.
Sidelobe reduction in array-pattern synthesis using genetic algorithm

A simple and flexible genetic algorithm (GA) for pattern synthesis of antenna array with arbitrary geometric configuration is presented. Unlike conventional GA using binary coding and binary crossover, this approach directly represents the array excitation weighting vectors as complex number chromosomes and uses decimal linear crossover without a crossover site. Compared with conventional GAs, this approach has a few advantages: giving a clearer and simpler representation of the problem, simplifying chromosome construction, and totally avoiding binary encoding and decoding so as to simplify software programming and to reduce CPU time. This method also allows us to impose constraints on phases and magnitudes of complex excitation coefficients for preferable implementation in practice using digital phase shifters and digital attenuators. Successful applications show that the approach can be used as a general tool for pattern synthesis of arbitrary arrays.
Mechanical modelling of adhesion and adherence between two solids

The behaviour of adhesively bonded joints is investigated using a continuum mechanical description for the adhesive. The gradient of the adhesion variable, which describes the volumetric proportion of cavities within the adhesive, is introduced in the free energy, so that the model accounts for the intrinsic cohesion of the adhesive. The adherends are linear elastic materials and the adhesive is first given an elastic behaviour. Using a thermodynamical framework, an adhesion potential function is established, the subdifferential of which is determined in a rigorous way, so that three-dimensional coupled elastic-adhesion evolution equations are derived. Then we consider a generalization to the coupling of adhesion with elastoplasticity. A two-dimensional model of adhesive bonding is derived using a perturbation method. Finally, a finite element discretization of the coupled evolution problem is presented and a resolution scheme based on Newton's method is developed, while the integration of the constitutive law is performed using a three-step operator splitting method.
Proportional Derivative Control with Inverse Dead-Zone for Pendulum Systems

A proportional derivative controller with inverse dead-zone is proposed for the control of pendulum systems. The proposed method has the characteristic that the inverse dead-zone is cancelled with the pendulum dead-zone. Asymptotic stability of the proposed technique is guaranteed by the Lyapunov analysis. Simulations of two pendulum systems show the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Riming of Graupel: Wind Tunnel Investigations of Collection Kernels and Growth Regimes

Abstract Laboratory experiments were carried out in the vertical wind tunnel in Mainz, Germany, to study the collision coalescence growth of single spherical ice particles having initial radii between 290 and 380 μm while they were freely floated in a laminar flow containing a cloud of supercooled droplets with radii between 10 and 20 μm. The experiments were performed in a temperature range between −8 and −12°C, where riming proceeds in the atmosphere, and with cloud liquid water contents lying between 0.9 and 1.6 g m−3 (i.e., values typically found in mixed-phase clouds). The collection kernels were calculated from the mass increase of the rimed ice particles and the average liquid water content during the experiments. Surface temperature measurements of growing graupel indicated that a dry growth regime prevailed during the whole set of growth experiments. The collection kernels of rimed ice particles attained values between 0.9 and 2.3 cm3 s−1 depending on their collector momenta (mass × fall velocity.
On First-order Formulations of the Least-squares Finite Element Method for Incompressible Flows

To reduce the element continuity requirement for the least-squares finite element method (LSFEM), it is customary to rewrite the Navier–Stokes equations as first-order partial differential equations. In this work, numerical experiments for three-dimensional incompressible flows are carried out by using the LSFEM based on three types of first-order formulations, namely the velocity–vorticity–pressure (VVP) formulation, the velocity–stress–pressure (VSP) formulation and the velocity–velocity gradient–pressure (VVGP) formulation. In addition, two modifications for each formulation are considered. Numerical results indicate that proper problem formulation can significantly reduce computing time and improve the accuracy of numerical solutions.
Effects of Pre-Stress on Impact Waves in an Incompressible Elastic Plate

We study the effects of pre-stress on the propagation of impact waves resulting from a sudden line load applied on the surface of an infinite isotropic incompressible elastic plate placed on a smooth rigid foundation. The pre-stress is assumed to be a uni-axial compression or an all-round pressure (tension). Our interest is in the behaviour of the impact waves when the pre-stress approaches any of the critical values for buckling instability. The problem is solved using Laplace and Fourier transforms. The Laplace inversion is carried out analytically and the Fourier inversion is evaluated both numerically and with the aid of the method of stationary phase.
Heterotic string compactified on half-flat manifolds

We study the effective action of the heterotic string compactified on particular half-flat manifolds which arise in the context of mirror symmetry with Neveu-Schwarz\char21{}Neveu-Schwarz flux. We explicitly derive the superpotential and K\"ahler potential at lowest order in ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ by a reduction of the bosonic action. The superpotential contains new terms depending on the K\"ahler moduli which originate from the intrinsic geometrical flux of the half-flat manifolds. A generalized Gukov formula, valid for all manifolds with SU(3) structure, is derived from the gravitino mass term. For the half-flat manifolds it leads to a superpotential in agreement with our explicit bosonic calculation. We also discuss the inclusion of gauge fields.
Extracorporeal photopheresis as an immunomodulatory treatment modality for chronic GvHD and the importance of emerging biomarkers

Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the treatment of choice for malignant haematological diseases. Despite continuous improvements in pre- and post-transplantation procedures, the applicability of allo-HSCT is limited by life-threatening complications such as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), engraftment failure, and opportunistic infections. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is used to treat steroid resistant GvHD with significant success. However, the molecular mechanisms driving its immunomodulatory action, whilst preserving immune function, require further understanding. As ECP is safe to administer with few significant adverse effects, it has the potential for earlier use in the post-HSCT treatment of GvHD. Thus, further understanding the immunomodulatory mechanisms of ECP action may justify more timely use in clinical practice, as well as identify biomarkers for using ECP as first line or pre-emptive GvHD therapy. This review aims to discuss technical aspects and response to ECP, review ECP as an immunomodulatory treatment modality for chronic GvHD including the effect on regulatory T cells and circulating vs. tissue-resident immune cells and consider the importance of emerging biomarkers for ECP response.
Ageism in tourism: an intergroup contact theory approach

ABSTRACT The diversity of tourists in terms of age poses challenges for the tourism industry; tourist experience may be hindered by stereotypes and prejudices directed at older people. This study introduces the concept of ageism in tourism and empirically tests it by relying on intergroup contact theory. Specifically, the antecedents of ageism in tourism are explored by investigating the impact of contact quality on ageism and addressing the mediating roles of metastereotypes and aging anxiety, and the moderating role of gender. This study is based on a survey using a self-administered questionnaire with 530 responses. Data were collected from young people aged 18–35. Based on SEM modeling, our results confirm the direct link between contact quality and ageism in tourism and find evidence for the mediating role of metastereotypes. The moderating role of gender is identified in the relationship between aging anxiety and ageism suggesting that men and women have different coping strategies when facing aging anxiety. To reduce ageism in the tourism industry, intervention efforts are needed. Based on our findings, we propose a combination of educational and intergenerational contact interventions.
An empirical spectral library of chemically well characterized stars for stellar population modelling

Abstract With the goal of assembling a new generation of more realistic single stellar population (SSP) models, we have obtained magnesium abundances for nearly 80% of the stars of the widely employed MILES empirical spectral library. Additional spectroscopic observations of carefully selected stars have recently been obtained to improve the parametric coverage of this library. Here we report on: (i) the framework of Mg abundance determination carried out at mid-resolution, (ii) the newly acquired data, and (iii) the preliminary steps towards modelling stellar populations.
Insights into the prey of Vespa mandarinia (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in Washington state, obtained from metabarcoding of larval feces

The northern giant hornet, Vespa mandarinia (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), was detected for the first time in North America in 2019. Four nests have since been located and removed in northwestern Washington State as part of an extensive survey and eradication program. This recent introduction into North America has prompted new research on the biology and ecology of V. mandarinia to help inform management strategies. In its native range, V. mandarinia is known to prey on a variety of insects including the economically important honey bee species Apis cerana and Apis mellifera. Although A. cerana has developed defense mechanisms against attack by V. mandarinia, A. mellifera have no such defenses and an entire hive can be quickly destroyed by only a few hornets. In North America the hornet has been observed foraging on paper wasps (Polistes dominula) and honey bees, but little else is known about prey use in its novel range. To address this knowledge gap, we employed a DNA metabarcoding approach to characterize species detected in larval feces collected from 3 of the 4 Washington V. mandarinia nests found to date. Sequences were recovered for 56 species across fourteen orders, of which 36 species were likely prey items and 20 were suspected inquilines. The most frequently detected species were other social Hymenoptera, with Dolichovespula maculata, P. dominula, and A. mellifera present in most samples. All of the species detected, except for A. mellifera, represent new prey records for V. mandarinia, with eight families of insects newly associated with giant hornets. These results suggest that V. mandarinia in Washington preys on an assortment of insects similar to those documented in its native range, and that this new invader has readily incorporated novel species into its foraging and diet.
Rhythmic licensing theory : an extended typology

The standard model of directional stress assignment in Optimality Theory uses two gradient alignment constraints which assess the distance between edges of feet and words. This model predicts a large amount of symmetry in metrical typology, in terms of directionality and in terms of foot type. Yet major gaps occur in the typology, such as leftward binary iambs.
Numerical Study of Interaction between Solitary Wave and Two Submerged Obstacles in Tandem

ABSTRACT Zhou, Q. ; Zhan, J.-M. , and Li, Y. -S. , 2014. Numerical study of interaction between solitary wave and two submerged obstacles in tandem. In this work, a transient two-dimensional numerical model based on a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equation with a k − ϵ turbulence closure model and the volume of fluid method is used to study the interaction of a solitary wave with two impermeable submerged obstacles in tandem. The accuracy of the numerical model was first verified with test cases for which experimental data are available for comparison with the computed results. It is verified that the present numerical model can capture the free surface profile as well as predict the temporal variation of the velocity and vorticity fields accurately. Using this model, the effects of incident wave height and distance of separation between the two obstacles on the generation and evolution of vortices due to flow separation and drag forces on the obstacles are studied, and a parametric study on reflection, transmission, and dissipation coefficients is also included. The numerical results reveal that the rear obstacle might constrain the movement of the primary vortex on the lee side of the front obstacle but cannot reduce its strength. Also a tertiary counterclockwise vortex is generated. The wave energy dissipation in the case of two obstacles in tandem increases with the distance of separation between the two obstacles until some threshold, and the negative peak value of the drag coefficient of the front obstacle is larger than that of a single obstacle.
Realigning theory with evidence to understand the role of care coordination in mental health services research

Current theoretical models intended to guide health services research and evaluation lack care coordination-its features and impacts. These aspects are critical for understanding the role of care coordination in healthcare use, quality, and outcomes. In this Focus article, we briefly review the well-known Andersen individual behavioral model (IBM) of healthcare use and the Donabedian health system and quality model (HSQM) together with recent practice-based evidence. We propose a new integrated theoretical model of healthcare and care coordination. The model can serve as a guide for future research to better understand the variation in care coordination services and delivery and its added value to improving mental health in different real-world settings.
Vehicle Velocity and Roll Angle Estimation with Road and Friction Adaptation for Four-Wheel Independent Drive Electric Vehicle

Vehicle velocity and roll angle are important information for active safety control systems of four-wheel independent drive electric vehicle. In order to obtain robustness estimation of vehicle velocity and roll angle, a novel method is proposed based on vehicle dynamics and the measurement information provided by the sensors equipped in modern cars. The method is robust with respect to different road and friction conditions. Firstly, the dynamic characteristics of four-wheel independent drive electric vehicle are analyzed, and a four-degree-of-freedom nonlinear dynamic model of vehicle and a tire longitudinal dynamic equation are established. The relationship between the longitudinal and lateral friction forces is derived based on Dugoff tire model. The unknown input reconstruction technique of sliding mode observer is used to achieve longitudinal tire friction force estimation. A simple observer is designed for the estimation of the roll angle of the vehicle. And then using the relationship, the estimated longitudinal friction forces and roll angle, a sliding mode observer for vehicle velocity estimation is provided, which does not need to know the tire-road friction coefficient and road angles. Finally, the proposed method is evaluated experimentally under a variety of maneuvers and road conditions.
Statistical properties of a sum of sinusoids and Gaussian noise and its generalization to higher dimensions

This paper investigates the statistical properties of the sum, S, of an n-dimensional Gaussian random vector, N, plus the sum of M vectors, X 1 , …, X M , having random amplitudes and independent arbitrary orientations in n-dimensional space. We derive expressions for the probability density function (p.d.f.) and distribution function (d.f.) of S and of its length, |S|, as series expansions involving only the moments of |X i |, i = 1, …, M. In addition, we find the p.d.f. and d.f. of the projection of S onto 1-dimensional space. Our results are generalizations of the n = 2-dimensional problem of finding the statistical properties of a sum of constant-amplitude sinusoids having independent uniformly distributed phase angles plus Gaussian noise. The latter problem has been treated by Rice1 and Esposito and Wilson,2 but our results can also deal with sinusoids having random amplitudes. When n = 3, our findings treat, in the presence of a Gaussian vector, the classical problem of “random flights” dating back to Rayleigh. Some calculations for the 2- and 3-dimensional problem are presented, and an application to coherent phase-shift-keying communications systems is discussed.