Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association of Coronary Vessel Characteristics With Outcome in Patients With Percutaneous Coronary Interventions With Incomplete Revascularization

Importance Many studies have compared outcomes for incomplete revascularization (IR) among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), but little is known about whether outcomes are related to the nature of the IR. Objective To determine whether some coronary vessel characteristics are associated with worse outcomes in patients with PCI with IR. Design, Setting, and Participants New York’s PCI registry was used to examine mortality (median follow-up, 3.4 years) as a function of the number of vessels that were incompletely revascularized, the stenosis in those vessels, and whether the proximal left anterior descending artery was incompletely revascularized after controlling for other factors associated with mortality for patients with and without ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This was a multicenter study (all nonfederal PCI hospitals in New York State) that included 41 639 New York residents with multivessel coronary artery disease undergoing PCI in New York State between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2012. Exposures Percutaneous coronary interventions, with complete and incomplete revascularization. Main Outcomes and Measures Medium-term mortality. Results For patients with STEMI, the mean age was 62.8 years; 26.2% were women, 11.9% were Hispanic, and 81.5% were white. For other patients, the mean age was 66.6 years, 29.1% were women, 11.3% were Hispanic, and 79.1% were white. Incomplete revascularization was very common (78% among patients with STEMI and 71% among other patients). Patients with IR in a vessel with at least 90% stenosis were at higher risk than other patients with IR. This was not significant among patients with STEMI (17.18% vs 12.86%; adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.16; 95% CI, 0.99-1.37) and significant among patients without STEMI (17.71% vs 12.96%; AHR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.07-1.24). Similarly, patients with IR in 2 or more vessels had higher mortality than patients with completely revascularization and higher mortality than other patients with IR among patients with STEMI (20.37% vs 14.39%; AHR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.15-1.59) and among patients without STEMI (20.10% vs 12.86%; AHR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09-1.59). Patients with proximal left anterior descending artery vessel IR had higher mortality than other patients with IR (20.09% vs 14.67%; AHR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.04-1.64 for patients with STEMI and 20.78% vs 15.62%; AHR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01-1.23 for patients without STEMI). More than 20% of all PCI patients had IR of 2 or more vessels and more than 30% had IR with more than 90% stenosis. Conclusions and Relevance Patients with IR are at higher risk of mortality if they have IR with at least 90% stenosis, IR in 2 or more vessels, or proximal left anterior descending IR.
Standardization of Clinical Assessment and Sample Collection Across All PERCH Study Sites

Abstract Background. Variable adherence to standardized case definitions, clinical procedures, specimen collection techniques, and laboratory methods has complicated the interpretation of previous multicenter pneumonia etiology studies. To circumvent these problems, a program of clinical standardization was embedded in the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) study. Methods. Between March 2011 and August 2013, standardized training on the PERCH case definition, clinical procedures, and collection of laboratory specimens was delivered to 331 clinical staff at 9 study sites in 7 countries (The Gambia, Kenya, Mali, South Africa, Zambia, Thailand, and Bangladesh), through 32 on-site courses and a training website. Staff competency was assessed throughout 24 months of enrollment with multiple-choice question (MCQ) examinations, a video quiz, and checklist evaluations of practical skills. Results. MCQ evaluation was confined to 158 clinical staff members who enrolled PERCH cases and controls, with scores obtained for >86% of eligible staff at each time-point. Median scores after baseline training were ≥80%, and improved by 10 percentage points with refresher training, with no significant intersite differences. Percentage agreement with the clinical trainer on the presence or absence of clinical signs on video clips was high (≥89%), with interobserver concordance being substantial to high (AC1 statistic, 0.62–0.82) for 5 of 6 signs assessed. Staff attained median scores of >90% in checklist evaluations of practical skills. Conclusions. Satisfactory clinical standardization was achieved within and across all PERCH sites, providing reassurance that any etiological or clinical differences observed across the study sites are true differences, and not attributable to differences in application of the clinical case definition, interpretation of clinical signs, or in techniques used for clinical measurements or specimen collection.
Computed Tomography Image Origin Identification Based on Original Sensor Pattern Noise and 3-D Image Reconstruction Algorithm Footprints

In this paper, we focus on the “blind” identification of the computed tomography (CT) scanner that has produced a CT image. To do so, we propose a set of noise features derived from the image chain acquisition and which can be used as CT-scanner footprint. Basically, we propose two approaches. The first one aims at identifying a CT scanner based on an original sensor pattern noise (OSPN) that is intrinsic to the X-ray detectors. The second one identifies an acquisition system based on the way this noise is modified by its three-dimensional (3-D) image reconstruction algorithm. As these reconstruction algorithms are manufacturer dependent and kept secret, our features are used as input to train a support vector machine (SVM) based classifier to discriminate acquisition systems. Experiments conducted on images issued from 15 different CT-scanner models of 4 distinct manufacturers demonstrate that our system identifies the origin of one CT image with a detection rate of at least 94% and that it achieves better performance than sensor pattern noise (SPN) based strategy proposed for general public camera devices.
Evaluating use and outcomes of mobility technology: A multiple stakeholder analysis

Purpose: This qualitative, multi-site study compared and contrasted the outcomes of mobility technology (MT) and the factors influencing these outcomes from the perspective of MT users, caregivers, and professionals involved in MT service delivery. Method: Qualitative focus groups were held in the USA and Canada with multiple stakeholder groups (consumer: n = 45, caregiver: n = 10, service provider: n = 10). Data were analyzed thematically. Results: MT outcomes were conceptualized by participants as a match between expectations for MT and the actual outcomes experienced. Several factors influenced the match including a) MT features, b) environmental factors (e.g. built/physical environment, societal context of acceptance, MT delivery systems/policies), and c) the ability to self-manage the interaction across person, technology and environment, which involved constant negotiation and strategizing. Stakeholders identified MT outcomes that corresponded to ICF levels including body structure and function, activity, and participation across environments; however, varied on their importance and influence on MT impact. Conclusions: The conceptual fit model and factors related to self-management of MT represent new knowledge and provide a framework for stakeholder-based evaluation of MT outcomes. Implications for MT assessment, service delivery, outcomes research, and interventions are discussed. Implications for Rehabilitation There is a need for research on mobility technology (MT) such as canes, walkers and wheelchairs that documents the experiences of people with disabilities using MT. This qualitative, multi-site study compared and contrasted the outcomes of MT and the factors influencing these outcomes from the perspective of MT users, caregivers, and professionals involved in MT service delivery. Results from this research inform our understanding of MT use, assessment and outcomes.
Accuracy Rates of Ancestry Estimation by Forensic Anthropologists Using Identified Forensic Cases

A common task in forensic anthropology involves the estimation of the ancestry of a decedent by comparing their skeletal morphology and measurements to skeletons of individuals from known geographic groups. However, the accuracy rates of ancestry estimation methods in actual forensic casework have rarely been studied. This article uses 99 forensic cases with identified skeletal remains to develop accuracy rates for ancestry estimations conducted by forensic anthropologists. The overall rate of correct ancestry estimation from these cases is 90.9%, which is comparable to most research‐derived rates and those reported by individual practitioners. Statistical tests showed no significant difference in accuracy rates depending on examiner education level or on the estimated or identified ancestry. More recent cases showed a significantly higher accuracy rate. The incorporation of metric analyses into the ancestry estimate in these cases led to a higher accuracy rate.
The Acute Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Cognitive Flexibility and Task-Related Heart Rate Variability in Children With ADHD and Healthy Controls

Objective: To investigate cognitive flexibility and task-related heart rate variability following moderately intense aerobic exercise and after watching a video in both children with ADHD and healthy controls. Method: Using a cross-over design, participants completed cognitive assessments following exercise and a physically inactive control condition. Behavioral performance was assessed using the Alternate Uses task. Heart rate variability was recorded via electrocardiography during the cognitive task. Results: The statistical analysis revealed that in comparison with the control condition, both groups showed higher cognitive flexibility following aerobic exercise. Moreover, decreased low frequency and high frequency power was observed in the exercise condition. Conclusion: The findings suggest that exercise elicits similar benefits for cognitive flexibility in children with ADHD and healthy controls, partly due to an increase in arousal induced by parasympathetic withdrawal.
Fat body glycogen serves as a metabolic safeguard for the maintenance of sugar levels in Drosophila

Adapting to changes in food availability is a central challenge for survival. Glucose is an important resource for energy production, and therefore many organisms synthesize and retain sugar storage molecules. In insects, glucose is stored in two different forms: the disaccharide trehalose and the branched polymer glycogen. Glycogen is synthesized and stored in several tissues, including in muscle and the fat body. Despite the major role of the fat body as a center for energy metabolism, the importance of its glycogen content remains unclear. Here, we show that glycogen metabolism is regulated in a tissue-specific manner under starvation conditions in the fruit fly Drosophila. The mobilization of fat body glycogen in larvae is independent of Adipokinetic hormone (Akh, the glucagon homolog) but is regulated by sugar availability in a tissue-autonomous manner. Fat body glycogen plays a crucial role in the maintenance of circulating sugars, including trehalose, under fasting conditions. These results demonstrate the importance of fat body glycogen as a metabolic safeguard in Drosophila. Summary: Glycogen metabolism is regulated in a tissue-specific manner, independently of the glucagon homolog Akh, to maintain trehalose levels under starvation conditions in Drosophila.
Reducing motion artifacts for robust QRS detection in capacitive sensor arrays

Non-contact capacitive ECG measurements (cECG) have applications in various unobtrusive and ubiquitous systems. However, cECG signals are frequently corrupted by interference and motion artifacts. In this work array processing methods, such as blind source separation, were used to reduce the impact of motion artifacts on QRS detection. The capacitive sensor array was integrated in a bed mattress and covered with two insulating sheets. The array processing methods were compared in terms of their QRS detection error rates (De). Results of our study with five healthy subjects in different recording conditions showed that, when using array processing methods, QRS detection performance during body motion can be substantially improved (De reduced from 0.46 on raw sensor data to 0.06 for a channel difference method). We concluded that array processing is a promising approach to achieve motion-resistant QRS detection and thus suggest wider use of capacitive sensor arrays.
Serum vitamin D and risk of Parkinson's disease

Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
Ethical and Philosophical Considerations for Gain-of-Function Policy: The Importance of Alternate Experiments

The Department of Health and Human Services Framework for Guiding Funding Decisions about Proposed Research Involving Enhanced Potential Pandemic Pathogens (PPPs) contains a series of principles for governing the funding and conduct of gain-of-function (GOF) research resulting in the creation of PPPs. In this article, I address one of these principles, governing the replacement of GOF research with alternate experiments. I argue that the principle fails to address the way that different experiments can promote the same values as those promoted by GOF research resulting in PPPs. I then address some objections to this claim, and provide policy recommendations moving forward.
Supervised Inference and Reconstruction of Biological Networks

The vast and fast development of computational and statistical methods has increased the number of applications on reconstructing the structure of large-scale biological networks. Technical feasibility of pattern recognition algorithms and the increasing availability of data repositories provide both challenges and opportunities on reconstruction of biological networks. In this paper, I will provide some approaches of supervised machine learning to infer various biological properties of biomolecules on large-scale biological networks from heterogeneous genomic data by using structural representation.
Human health benefits from livestock vaccination for brucellosis: case study.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the economic benefit, cost-effectiveness, and distribution of benefit of improving human health in Mongolia through the control of brucellosis by mass vaccination of livestock. METHODS Cost-effectiveness and economic benefit for human society and the agricultural sector of mass vaccination against brucellosis was modelled. The intervention consisted of a planned 10-year livestock mass vaccination campaign using Rev-1 livestock vaccine for small ruminants and S19 livestock vaccine for cattle. Cost-effectiveness, expressed as cost per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted, was the primary outcome. FINDINGS In a scenario of 52% reduction of brucellosis transmission between animals achieved by mass vaccination, a total of 49,027 DALYs could be averted. Estimated intervention costs were US$ 8.3 million, and the overall benefit was US$ 26.6 million. This results in a net present value of US$ 18.3 million and an average benefit-cost ratio for society of 3.2 (2.27-4.37). If the costs of the intervention were shared between the sectors in proportion to the benefit to each, the public health sector would contribute 11%, which gives a cost-effectiveness of US$ 19.1 per DALY averted (95% confidence interval 5.3-486.8). If private economic gain because of improved human health was included, the health sector should contribute 42% to the intervention costs and the cost-effectiveness would decrease to US$ 71.4 per DALY averted. CONCLUSION If the costs of vaccination of livestock against brucellosis were allocated to all sectors in proportion to the benefits, the intervention might be profitable and cost effective for the agricultural and health sectors.
Design and implementation of quasi cyclic low density parity check (QC-LDPC) code on FPGA

Low density parity check (LDPC) code is a widely used error correcting code in various applications such as Wi-Fi, Wi-Max and Digital Video Broadcasting — Satellite — Second Generation (DVB-S2). Proposed work is focused on LDPC decoder design using soft decision iterative message passing for a code length 222 bits, 546 bits, 642 bits, 648 bits and 1152 bits that gives BER of 10−5 with coding gain of approximately 4 dB. Proposed work shows fully parallel design on isolated shifted identity matrices based on structured construction quasi cyclic low density parity check code (QC-LDPC) that give throughput of 2 Gbps.
Effects of local lattice disorder on the superconductivity studied by XAFS

The variation of local lattice displacements of the in-plane Cu-O bond upon Cu-site impurity doping in La2-xSrxCuO4 superconductor is investigated by Cu K-edge EXAFS studies. In Mn doping case, the analysis of the temperature dependence of Debye-Waller factor indicates that the local lattice displacements of the in-plane Cu-O bond exhibits similar behavior in all La1.875−1.5xSr0. 125+1.5xCu1-xMnxO4 (0≤x≤0.15) samples. This may reflect that the doping of Mn does not alter the local lattice environments in the CuO2 plane and thus the Mn impurity does not destroy the superconducting transition in a similar way with other ionic doping cases. The local lattice displacements at room temperature upon ionic doping are compared, which indicates that Fe doping leads to largest local displacements while Ni doping is intermediate. The possible interplay between the local lattice displacements and the normal-state resistivity is compared. These results indicate that the local lattice displacements largely affect the superconducting properties in La2-xSrxCuO4 superconductor.
Temperamental vulnerability and suicide risk after attempted suicide.

The aim was to extend recent findings of suggested temperamental features in attempted suicide and to explore possible domains of vulnerability to suicide risk after attempted suicide. Fifty-four psychiatric inpatients hospitalized after a suicide attempt underwent lumbar puncture for analysis of CSF 5-HIAA concentration and also completed the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) before discharge from the hospital. Suicide attempters scored high on Somatic Anxiety, Psychic Anxiety, and Muscular Tension, and low on Socialization, findings that support recent findings in suicide attempters followed up after an emergency room visit. Five patients committed early suicide, i.e., within 3 years, and the overall long-term suicide mortality after attempted suicide was 13%. There were significant correlations between survival time among early suicides and CSF 5-HIAA (r = .87; p = .054), and the following KSP scale t scores: Somatic Anxiety (r = -.96; p < .05), Impulsivity ( r = -.88; p < .05), and Socialization (r = 90; p < .05). KSP Socialization showed correlations with CSF 5-HIAA (r = .89; p = .046) among the early suicides. Features of temperamental vulnerability to suicide risk after attempted suicide might involve anxiety proneness, impulsivity, low socialization, and low CSF 5-HIAA.
Adaptive thresholding hosvd algorithm with iterative regularization for image denoising

In this paper, we propose a very simple 3D patch stack based image denoising method by Higher Order Singular Value Decomposition (HOSVD). We used the idea of iterative regularization from spatially adaptive iterative singular-value thresholding(SAIST) to design our algorithm, which indicates more faster convergence speed than some other methods. By using the parallel computing technique for implementing the algorithm, the computational complexity is highly reduced. The experiments also show good PNSR result with different noise levels.
Z‐spectrum appearance and interpretation in the presence of fat: Influence of acquisition parameters

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI is increasingly evolving from brain to body applications. One of the known problems in the body imaging is the presence of strong lipid signals. Although their influence on the CEST effect is acknowledged, there was no study that focuses on the interplay among echo time, fat fraction, and Z‐spectrum. This study strives to address these points, with the emphasis on the application in the breast.
CYP2D6 and Endoxifen in Tamoxifen Therapy: A Tribute to David A. Flockhart

This issue of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (CPT) includes the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guideline for using CYP2D6 genotyping to guide tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer patients. CYP2D6 metabolizes tamoxifen to its more active metabolite, endoxifen, and patients with reduced CYP2D6 activity have reduced circulating endoxifen concentrations. In this associated commentary, we recognize and honor the late Dr. David Flockhart, who began the research and made early fundamental discoveries on tamoxifen that have now resulted in this guideline.
Human attention estimation by a domestic service robot using upper body skeletal information

Human-robot interaction is widely used for service applications in serving elderly and disabled population. A humanlike behavior is expected from these robots to achieve naturalness in interaction. Humanlike behavior is important before as well as after initiation of interaction with a human user. Basic cognitive skills are required for analyzing such a scenario involving humans. Many existing robots cannot interpret attention of its user before engaging with him. This paper presents a model to interpret the level of attention of the user when robot approaches him. The system extracts upper body information to approximate the level of attention of its user. This has separate functional units to extract and analyze information, estimate the attention level and finally to take decisions regarding interaction initiation with its user. It involves fuzzy evaluation of important parameters which affect the attention of a human. These parameters involve behavior of upper body of the person and using these, robot estimates the level of attention of its user without directly interacting. This model is implemented and tested in a domestic environment with users of a broad age gap. Implementation of this model and results of the experiment are presented.