Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Firma Karakteristiğinin Sermaye Yapısı Üzerindeki Etkisinin Analizi

Optimal sermaye yapisina ulasmak isteyen isletmelerin varlik kullanimi ve kaynak temininde izledigi finansal politikalar firma karakteristigini belirlemektedir. Bu calismada panel veri analiziyle firma karakteristiginin sermaye yapisi uzerindeki etkisi ampirik olarak test edilmektedir. Firma karakteristigini temsil eden sermaye yapisi belirleyicileri olarak, borclanma orani, likidite orani, faiz karsilama orani, firma buyuklugu ve buyume oranlari kullanilmistir. Arastirma kapsamina, IMKB'de kayitli olan Metal Ana Sanayi ve Metal Esya, Makine ve Gerec Yapim sektorlerinde faaliyet gosteren sirketler alinmistir. Calismadan elde edilen bulgulara gore firma karakteristigini temsil eden degiskenlerden olan firma buyuklugu disindaki diger tum degiskenlerin sermaye yapisi uzerinde negatif etkisinin oldugu sonucuna ulasilmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Optimal Sermaye Yapisi, Kaldirac Orani, Firma Buyuklugu, Panel Veri Analizi Jel Siniflamasi: G300 ABSTRACT Financial policies about asset usage and resource gathering which firms use in order to maintain optimal capital structure, define firm characteristics. In this study the effects of firm characteristics on capital structure analyzed empirically with panel data analysis. A capital structure determinant which represents firm characteristics is used as; debt ratio, liquidity ratio, interest coverage ratio, firm size and growth ratios. Research conducted through Basic Metal Industry, Metal Goods, Machinery and Tool Industry companies which operate in Istanbul Stock Exchange. According to the results all the determinants of firm characteristics except firm size have a negative impact on capital structure. Keywords: Optimal Capital Structure, Leverage Ratio, Firm Size, Panel Data Analysis Jel Classification: G300
Global governance and communicative action: a study of democratic participation during planning for the Lyon-Turin rail link

Organisation-stakeholder engagement during planning of a high-speed rail link between France and Italy is described and analysed in this paper. Conceptualising organisation-citizen engagement as a form of deliberative democracy, the study's theoretical framework draws upon literature from communication, social and political science. Following a review of governance for transnational organisation-stakeholder engagement, communication methods used by one transnational organisation, Lyon-Turin Ferroviaire (LTF), to engage in 'discursive legitimacy' with affected parties, is studied. A qualitative case study approach examines whether LTF's engagement with stakeholders provides opportunities for democratic participation rather than creating a democratic deﬁcit in the public sphere. Results point to a lack of mechanisms through which transnational policy makers can be held accountable-leading in this case, to a legitimacy crisis for institutions involved, threatening their ability to justify the economic and transportation viability of the project. This article is of interest to academics in communication and social sciences, managers working in an international context and communication professionals.
Mutational signatures and mutable motifs in cancer genomes

Cancer is a genetic disorder, meaning that a plethora of different mutations, whether somatic or germ line, underlie the etiology of the 'Emperor of Maladies'. Point mutations, chromosomal rearrangements and copy number changes, whether they have occurred spontaneously in predisposed individuals or have been induced by intrinsic or extrinsic (environmental) mutagens, lead to the activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, thereby promoting malignancy. This scenario has now been recognized and experimentally confirmed in a wide range of different contexts. Over the past decade, a surge in available sequencing technologies has allowed the sequencing of whole genomes from liquid malignancies and solid tumors belonging to different types and stages of cancer, giving birth to the new field of cancer genomics. One of the most striking discoveries has been that cancer genomes are highly enriched with mutations of specific kinds. It has been suggested that these mutations can be classified into 'families' based on their mutational signatures. A mutational signature may be regarded as a type of base substitution (e.g. C:G to T:A) within a particular context of neighboring nucleotide sequence (the bases upstream and/or downstream of the mutation). These mutational signatures, supplemented by mutable motifs (a wider mutational context), promise to help us to understand the nature of the mutational processes that operate during tumor evolution because they represent the footprints of interactions between DNA, mutagens and the enzymes of the repair/replication/modification pathways.
Stem cell-based therapy for erectile dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE To review the effect of stem cells in erectile dysfunction as well as their application to the therapy of erectile dysfunction. DATA SOURCES The data used in the present article were mainly from PubMed with relevant English articles published from 1974 to 2011. The search terms were "stem cells" and "erectile dysfunction". STUDY SELECTION Articles regarding the role of stem cells in erectile dysfunction and their application to the therapy of erectile dysfunction were selected. RESULTS Stem cells hold great promise for regenerative medicine because of their ability to self-renew and to differentiate into various cell types. Meanwhile, in preclinical experiments, therapeutic gene-modified stem cells have been approved to offer a novel strategy for cell therapy and gene therapy of erectile dysfunction. CONCLUSION The transplantation of stem cells has the potential to provide cell types capable of restoring normal function after injury or degradation in erectile dysfunction. However, a series of problems, such as the safety of stem cells transplantation, their application in cell therapy and gene therapy of erectile dysfunction need further investigation.
Fiscal Policy, Specialization, and Trade in the Two-Sector Model: The Return of Ricardo?

This paper develops a two-sector neoclassical model of international trade with endogenous capital accumulation and intertemporal optimization. In contrast to the traditional "2 × 2 × 2" model, there is a Ricardian implication that countries specialize according to comparative advantage. Consequently, the theory predicts that government expenditure policies are unlikely to affect the established pattern of specialization and trade, but that changes in tax policies can result in a dramatic reorganization of world production. Further, the dynamic 2 × 2 × 2 model can explain many of the salient features of international trade that are problematic for the standard Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson model.
Opposite Transcriptional Effects of Cyclic AMP-Responsive Elements in Confluent or p27KIP-Overexpressing Cells versus Serum-Starved or Growing Cells

ABSTRACT The minute virus of mice, an autonomous parvovirus, requires entry of host cells into the S phase of the cell cycle for its DNA to be amplified and its genes expressed. This work focuses on the P4 promoter of this parvovirus, which directs expression of the transcription unit encoding the parvoviral nonstructural polypeptides. These notably include protein NS1, necessary for the S-phase-dependent burst of parvoviral DNA amplification and gene expression. The activity of the P4 promoter is shown to be regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner. At the G1/S-phase transition, the promoter is activated via a cis-acting DNA element which interacts with phase-specific complexes containing the cellular transcription factor E2F. It is inhibited, on the other hand, in cells arrested in G1 due to contact inhibition. This inhibitory effect is not observed in serum-starved cells. It is mediated in cis by cyclic AMP response elements (CREs). Unlike serum-starved cells, confluent cells accumulate the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27, suggesting that the switch from CRE-mediated activation to CRE-mediated repression involves the p27 protein. Accordingly, plasmid-driven overexpression of p27 causes down-modulation of promoter P4 in growing cells, depending on the presence of at least two functional CREs. No such effect is observed with two other cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p16 and p21. Given the importance of P4-driven synthesis of protein NS1 in parvoviral DNA amplification and gene expression, the stringent S-phase dependency of promoter P4 is likely a major determinant of the absolute requirement of the minute virus of mice for host cell proliferation.
Bertrand-Edgeworth Duopoly with Proportional Residual Demand

A complete characterization is given for the prices charged by Bertrand-Edgeworth duopolists with capacity constraints. In general, for the game in which firms' strategy spaces consist of price offers, Nash equilibrium involves nondegenerate mixed strategi es. Equilibria never extend below the highest competitive price. With tw o firms, the Bertrand-Edgeworth model displays a bias for the highest of several market clearing prices. Moreover, these strategies never stop short of the lowest monopoly price. If firms are of unequal siz e, the larger firm assigns positive probability to a monopoly price, possibly even to several monopoly prices. Copyright 1993 by Economics Department of the University of Pennsylvania and the Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association.
The Effect of Pay and Retention Bonuses on Quit Rates in the U.S. Army

This paper investigates the effects of pay and reenlistment bonuses on quit rates in the U.S. Army. A three stage least squares analysis of 1981 data shows that quit rates were negatively related to pay level and, even more so, to the size of the bonus offered. The effects on the quit rate were significantly greater, however, for soldiers in combat occupations than for those in noncombat occupations. The author speculates that the skills learned by combat soldiers are less marketable in the civilian labor market than the more general skills acquired by noncombat soldiers; he thus urges higher bonuses in noncombat occupations.
Interferon regulatory factor-1 mediates the release of high mobility group box-1 in endotoxemia in mice.

BACKGROUND The extracellular release of the danger signal high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis and outcomes of sepsis. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for HMGB1 release can lead to the identification of targets that may inhibit this process. The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) is an important mediator of innate immune responses and has been shown to participate in mortality associated with endotoxemia; however, its role in mediating the release of HMGB1 in these settings is unknown. METHODS Male IRF-1 knockout (KO) and age matched C57BL/6 wild type (WT) mice were given intraperitoneal (IP) injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In some experiments, 96 hours survival rates were observed. In other experiments, mice were sacrificed 12 hours after LPS administration and sera were harvested for future analysis. In in vitro study, RAW 264.7 murine monocyte/macrophage-like cells or primary peritoneal macrophage obtained from IRF-1 KO and WT mice were cultured for LPS mediated HMGB1 release analysis. And the mechanism for HMGB1 release was analyzed by immune-precipitation. RESULTS IRF-1 KO mice experienced less mortality, and released less systemic HMGB1 compared to their WT counterparts. Exogenous administration of recombinant HMGB1 to IRF-1 KO mice returned the mortality rate to that seen originally in IRF-1 WT mice. Using cultures of peritoneal macrophages or RAW264.7 cells, in vitro LPS stimulation induced the release of HMGB1 in an IRF-1 dependent manner. And the janus associated kinase (JAK)-IRF-1 signal pathway appeared to participate in the signaling mechanisms of LPS-induced HMGB1 release by mediating acetylation of HMGB1. CONCLUSION IRF-1 plays a role in LPS induced release of HMGB1 and therefore may serve as a novel target in sepsis.
Managing the Process of Decentralization: Transforming Old Public Entities into New Agencies in the Agricultural Sector

ABSTRACT In an effort to reconfigure the system for the delivery of agricultural services, the Regional Government of Sardinia in Italy decided, in 2006, to suppress five public entities, and to establish three regional agencies in their place. Based on interviews conducted with managers and staff within these agencies, this article narrates the episode of implementing the organizational restructuring of this part of the regional government's agricultural policy. Drawing on this case, this article then presents an explanation of the process of carrying out organizational transformations (namely, mergers and demergers) within sub-national governments' administrative systems. The study finds that policy process features and context conditions figure prominently as explanatory factors for the path and outcome of the implementation of the organizational restructuring. On the whole, the research argument made in this article suggests some qualifications of existing generalizing arguments about the management of organizational transformations in the public sector.
Forecasting the Wind Generation Using a Two-Stage Network Based on Meteorological Information

This paper proposes a practical and effective model for the generation forecasting of a wind farm with an emphasis on its scheduling and trading in a wholesale electricity market. A novel forecasting model is developed based on indepth investigations of meteorological information. This model adopts a two-stage hybrid network with Bayesian clustering by dynamics and support vector regression. The proposed structure is robust with different input data types and can deal with the nonstationarity of wind speed and generation series well. Once the network is trained, we can straightforward predict the 48-h ahead wind power generation. To demonstrate the effectiveness, the model is applied and tested on a 74-MW wind farm located in the southwest Oklahoma of the United States.
On the r-Shifted Central Coefficients of Riordan Matrices

By presenting Riordan matrix as a triangle, the central coefficients are entries in the central column. Starting at the central column, the -shifted central coefficients are entries in column of the right part of the triangle. This paper aims to characterize the -shifted central coefficients of Riordan matrices. Here we will concentrate on four elements of the subgroups of the Riordan group, that is, the Bell subgroup, the associated subgroup, the derivative subgroup, and the hitting time subgroup. Some examples are presented to show how we deduce the generating functions for interesting sequences by using different means of calculating these -shifted central coefficients. Besides, we make some extensions in the Bell subgroup.
Comparer les morphogénèses urbaines en Europe et aux États-Unis par la simulation à base d'agents - Approches multi-niveaux et environnements de simulation spatiale

La comparaison, a differents niveaux (systemes de villes, villes, quartiers), de l'organisation spatiale et hierarchique des systemes urbains dans le monde fait apparaitre des proprietes universelles (loi rang-taille, structure centre-peripherie des villes, etc.) mais egalement une grande variete de formes (notamment en termes de repartition des populations, densites, prix, activites). Si la theorie evolutionnaire urbaine et celles d'economie spatiale offrent des schemas explicatifs de cette emergence de formes, les modeles qui en sont issus se sont jusqu'a present focalise sur un seul niveau d'organisation spatiale, qu'il soit intra- ou inter-urbain. Dans une optique d'amenagement durable, il est important de disposer de modeles permettant de raisonner sur les inter-dependances qu'entretiennent ces niveaux d'organisation du peuplement. Cette these presente une famille de modeles entites-centres et d'outils dedies a l'etude de cette problematique par la simulation a base d'agents. Ils s'inscrivent dans le projet Simpop et sont mis en oeuvre sur la comparaison des morphogeneses urbaines en Europe et aux Etats-Unis, sur la periode 1800-2000. Ils incluent notamment le simulateur simpopNano, accompagne d'un environnement modulaire construit autour d'un SIG pour une exploitation systematique, intelligente et collective de modeles spatiaux. Ensemble, ils confortent l'idee que la seule difference des maillages des reseaux viaires des villes suffit a exprimer des repartitions spatiales plus diffuses sur les grilles americaines que sur les plans radioconcentriques europeens. Ce modele intra-urbain est ensuite articule avec le modele de systemes de villes Simpop2 dans un modele multi-niveaux, inter et intra-urbain. Il est le point d'ancrage d'une comparaison d'approches dediees a l'integration de modeles dynamiques associes a differents niveaux d'abstraction.
Essays on fiscal policy in heterogeneous agent models

This thesis consists of three inter-related chapters designed to study the effects of fiscal policy on unemployment, the distribution of income, and social welfare in heterogeneous agent models incorporating unemployment. Each chapter employs a different setup for unemployment in a general equilibrium framework. These include models of equilibrium unemployment, right-to-manage union bargaining, and search and matching. Chapter 1 develops a model with equilibrium unemployment to study the effects of optimal taxation under commitment. Two models are explored: a model with zero economic profits and a model with non-zero economic profits due to the presence of productive public investment. We find that the optimal policy in these two models results in a different labour wedge which defines the gap between the marginal rate of substitution between labour and consumption and the marginal product of labour. In particular, the labour wedge can only be completely eliminated when the profits are absent from the model. It is further demonstrated that there exists a trade-off between efficiency and equity for the government in the model with non-zero economic profits. Chapter 2 examines the importance of imperfect competition in labour and product markets in determining the welfare effects of tax reforms assuming agent heterogeneity in capital holdings. The analysis shows that each of these market distortions, independently, results in welfare losses for at least one segment of the population after a capital tax cut and a concurrent labour tax increase. However, with both present in the model, the tax reform is Pareto improving in a realistic calibration to the UK economy. Chapter 3 extends a Mortensen-Pissarides search-and-matching framework with household heterogeneity to investigate the importance of search frictions in determining the welfare and distributional effects of tax reforms which re-allocate the tax burden from capital to labour income. The optimal tax policy under commitment is also analysed. We find that the tax reforms are Pareto improving in the long run, despite welfare losses for at least one segment of the population in the transition period. Finally, the long-run Ramsey policy implies a negative capital tax which is associated with a rise in the labour tax and a fall in the unemployment benefit.
Ambient Suite: enhancing communication among multiple participants

We propose a room-shaped information environment called Ambient Suite that enhances communication among multiple participants. In Ambient Suite, the room itself works as both sensors to estimate the conversation states of participants and displays to present information to stimulate conversation. Such nonverbal cues as utterances, positions, and gestures are measured to sense participant states. The participants are surrounded by displays so that various types of information can be given based on their states. Although this system is adaptable to a wide range of situations where groups talk with each other, our implementation assumed standing-party situations as a typical case. Using this implementation, we experimentally evaluated the performance of input, output, and whether our system can actually stimulate conversation. The results showed that our system measured sensor data to recognize the conversational states, presented information, and adequately encouraged participant conversations.
Absence of the canalicular isoform of the MRP gene–encoded conjugate export pump from the hepatocytes in Dubin‐Johnson syndrome

The Dubin‐Johnson syndrome is characterized by an inherited defect in the secretion of amphiphilic anionic conjugates from hepatocytes into the bile. We have recently identified the membrane protein mediating the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐dependent transport of glutathione and glucuronate conjugates as a multidrug‐resistance protein (MRP) and localized it to the canalicular as well as to the lateral hepatocyte plasma membrane. In the present study we show the selective absence of the canalicular isoform of MRP (cMRP) from the hepatocytes in a patient with Dubin‐Johnson syndrome by double‐label immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy using antibodies directed against MRP and dipeptidyl‐peptidase IV (DPPIV). Another isoform of MRP was detected, however, in the lateral hepatocyte membrane of the patient. Moreover, MRP was present on immunoblots of erythrocyte membranes from Dubin‐Johnson syndrome and normal humans. These findings are analogous to our recent observations on the localization of the rat homolog of MRP and its canalicular isoform, cMRP, in normal and transport‐ deficient GY/TR‐ Wistar rat liver. The elucidation of the selective absence of an isoform of MRP and from the canalicular membrane domain in conjunction with the defined substrate specificity of the MRP and cMRP gene‐encoded conjugate export pumps contributes to the molecular definition of the transport defect in Dubin‐Johnson syndrome.
Performance Analysis of Optimum Combining with Multiple Co-Channel Interferers in Non-Gaussian Fading Channels

In this paper the performance analysis of optimum combining (OC) has been investigated in a non-Gaussian fading channel called spherically invariant random process (SIRP). This type of random process can be widely used to characterize cluster and multipath fading channel due to its Gaussian-like properties. The new-found characteristic probability density functions (Cpdf) which characterized the SIRP have been examined and the closed-form expressions of the outage probability is then been derived with the number of interferes (N) being greater than the number of antenna array (L). The result also provides the Rayleigh and other fading channels as special cases.
Modified fluid gelatin: An alternative macromolecular agent for centrifugal leukapheresis

We studied a French modified fluid gelatin (MFG), substituting it for hydroxyethyl starch (HES) in leukapheresis procedures using three currently available blood cell separators, and observing its effects on the function of platelets and granulocytes. As a cell‐collecting agent, we found MFG to be as effective as HES with intermittent flow centrifugation (Haemonetics), and slightly less so with one continuous flow device (IBM 2997). MFG was clearly less effective than HES with the Fenwal CS‐3000 continuous flow separator, although we have reason to believe it would be possible to improve efficiency with this machine by changing the operating variables. Tests of platelet and granulocyte function showed negligible alteration with either agent and no difference between them. MFG disappears much more rapidly from the circulation than HES (after a single injection, it is undetectable by the third day). Reaction frequency with MFG was about the same as that of HES, with perhaps somewhat more frequent allergic manifestations.