Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Motion of a Particle Floating on a Liquid Meniscus Surface

A small particle floating on a liquid meniscus surface near a vessel wall tends to approach the wall spontaneously. This particle behavior was theoretically investigated. Because of the solid-liquid wettability, an unbalanced force is caused in the tangential direction to the liquid surface and the particle moves toward the wall. Since the particle is excessively drawn into the liquid due to the wettability, an excessive buoyant force acts on the particle in the vertical direction. The force caused by the wettability points in the normal downward direction to the liquid surface and is balanced with that component of the buoyant force. Then the tangential component of the buoyant force is not balanced and the particle moves upward along the meniscus surface. The particle trajectory calculation based on the above theoretical consideration agrees with the experimental one observed by a high-speed video camera system.
STUDY OF BAND GAP ENERGY AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF PbI2 BY PHOTOACOUSTIC SPECTROSCOPY

The present work determined the band gap energy of PbI2 equal to 2.31 eV by amplitude measurement of the photoacoustic (PA) signal using the front side detection configuration. Furthermore, the thermal properties were obtained from the phase recording of the PA signal at the characteristic frequency 55 Hz of the single crystal (250 μm). These properties have also been compared with the earlier reported values under identical experimental conditions by amplitude recording of the PA signal on the same PA spectrometer.
The growth speed of digits in infinite iterated function systems

Let { f n } n ≥ 1 be an inﬁnite iterated function system on [0 , 1] satisfying the open set condition with the open set (0 , 1) and let Λ be its attractor. Then to any x ∈ Λ (except at most countably many points) corresponds a unique sequence { a n ( x ) } n ≥ 1 of integers, called the digit sequence of x , such that
Data analysis on TFTR using the SNAP transport code

This paper describes the between shots data analysis on TFTR using the one‐dimensional equilibrium kinetic analysis code SNAP. SNAP accepts as input data: the measured plasma size and current, toroidal field, surface voltage, plasma composition (total Zeff and Zeff contribution from metallic impurities), edge neutral density, auxiliary heating power data (neutral beam power, energy, injection geometry and/or rf power and frequency), and measured profiles of Te(R), ne(R), Ti(R), Vφ(R), and Prad(R). SNAP iteratively calculates: (1) the mapping of profile data to a minor radius grid, (2) the magnetic topology including Shafranov shifted circular flux surfaces, (3) neutral beam attenuation and deposition profiles, (4) unthermalized beam ion density and beam power density delivered to thermal plasma species from a numerical solution to the Fokker–Planck equation, (5) the neutral density profile, (6) local heat and particle transport coefficients consistent with the measured profiles and calculated source terms.
Diffuse Transmission of Light from a Central Source through an Inhomogeneous Spherical Shell with Isotropic Scattering

A partial‐differential‐integral equation is derived in this paper for the angular distribution of the radiation which is diffusely transmitted through an inhomogeneous, isotropically scattering, spherical shell when there is a constant net flux of radiation normally incident on the inner surface. An equation is also derived for the strength of the diffusely reflected radiation when the shell is illuminated at each point on the outer surface by constant isotropic incident radiation.The equations obtained appear to lend themselves well to numerical solution. Astrophysically, the situation corresponds to determining the brightness of a spherical planetary nebula. As far as is known, the equations are new and exact.
An innovative solid-state laser for engine ignition

A compact high peak power, passively Q-switched, longitudinally diode-pumped laser was specially constructed for laser ignition. Nd:YAG was chosen as laser active medium and Cr4+:YAG as the saturable absorber medium. For pumping, a laser diode emitting at 808 nm with an output power of up to 300 W and pulse duration of up to 500 μs was employed. Experimental studies were carried out to find the optimum laser design parameters. These are the output coupler reflectivity, initial transmission of the saturable absorber, doping concentration of the Nd:YAG, oscillator length and the pump light distribution within the Nd:YAG crystal. Single pulses at 1064 nm with energies of 6 mJ and durations under 1.5 ns were achieved in a TEM00 mode.
A Computational Approach for Cam Size Optimization of Disc Cam-Follower Mechanisms With Translating Roller Followers

The main objective of this work is to present a computational approach for design optimization of disc cam mechanisms with eccentric translating roller followers. For this purpose, the objective function defined here takes into account the three major parameters that influence the final cam size, namely the base circle radius of the cam, the radius of the roller and the offset of the follower. Furthermore, geometric constraints related to the maximum pressure angle and minimum radius of curvature are included to ensure good working conditions of the system. Finally, an application example is presented and used to discuss the main assumptions and procedure adopted throughout this work.
OSO 8 X-ray spectra of clusters of galaxies. II - Discussion

The Goddard Space Flight Center 2--20 keV OSO 8 data on X-ray clusters are examined for information which will restrict models for hot intracluster gas structures. From the correlation between X-ray temperature and velocity dispersion, we conclude that the X-ray core radius should be less than the galaxy core radius. Thus fits of X-ray profiles of clusters to isothermal spheres yield a core radius approximately equal to the density cutoff radius rather than the true core radius. If we instead assume a generalized polytropic structure, from the same correlation we may conclude that the gas is more nearly isothermal than adiabatic within a few core radii of the center. Therefore we require thermal conduction, radiative cooling, or both in cluster atmospheres. In both of these interpretations, the Coma cluster and possibly Abell 2319 A are quite discrepant.From the correlation between bremsstrahlung emission integral and temperature, we conclude that hotter clusters contain a larger fraction of their virial mass in the form of gas emitting in the 2--20 keV band. We find that the '/sup 7/central concentration factor'' for the emission cannot vary with temperature steeply enough to account for the correlation.We closely examine relations among the various measures of galaxymore » density and optical cluster morphology. There is evidence for real correlations between optical central cluster properties and X-ray properties which are not ''artifacts'' of underlying richness correlations as suggested by Jones and Forman.We also predict a population of cool, dim X-ray cluster which has not been observed.From consideration of the errors in published atomic physics data and spectrum calculations, we conclude that the iron abundance determinations recently quoted for intracluster gas are uncertain by from 50% to greater than 100% from this nonstatistical cause alone. « less
Pulse evolution in mode-locked quasi-continuous lasers

Various models of a passively mode-locked quasi-continuous laser are discussed and the evolution of pulses in various cavity configurations is traced. In certain circumstances, the combined action of amplifier and absorber saturation is shown to lead to rapid pulse compression even when the pulse duration is far shorter than the relaxation time of either nonlinear component. The results are in good agreement with recent streak- camera measurements involving the pulsed Rhodamine 6G dye laser and satisfactorily explain the efficient generation of picosecond pulses in CW dye-laser systems. The same pulse-compression mechanism can probably be used to generate ultrashort pulses in other quasi-continuous lasers.
A multiscale flaw detection algorithm based on XFEM

We present a novel multiscale algorithm for nondestructive detection of multiple flaws in structures, within an inverse problem type setting. The key idea is to apply a two‐step optimization scheme, where first rough flaw locations are quickly determined, and then, fine tuning is applied in these localized subdomains to obtain global convergence to the true flaws.
INTEGRAL EQUATION METHODS FOR MOLECULAR SCALE CALCULATIONS IN THE LIQUID PHASE

We report here a series of works1–5 devoted to the modelling of the liquid phase for quantum chemistry calculations. The question under consideration is the computation of the electrostatic interaction between charge densities in the presence of a continuum dielectric medium. It consists of solving an elliptic problem of the form -div(∊(x) ∇ V)=ρ where the field ∊(x) exhibits a discontinuity on a closed surface. We show how an enhanced use of integral equations methods has recently led to significant progress in this field: reduction of the computational cost in the standard cases, extension of existing methods to sophisticated cases out of reach so far, development of new possibilities. This work has a wide range of applications in chemistry and biology.
Second‐harmonic generation from chiral surfaces

We present a theory of second‐harmonic generation from chiral surfaces including contributions of electric and magnetic dipole transitions to the surface nonlinearity. The nonlinear polarization and magnetization of the surface as well as the second‐harmonic fields that are radiated in the reflected and transmitted directions are expressed in terms of the six possible bilinear combinations of the components of the electric field of the fundamental beam. For the case in which the polarization of the fundamental beam is controlled by means of a quarter‐wave plate between p‐polarized linear and left‐ and right‐hand circular, the second‐harmonic fields can be expanded in terms of only three different functions of the rotation angle of the wave plate. The process exhibits nonlinear optical activity, i.e., it responds differently to the two circular polarizations of the fundamental beam if the phases of certain expansion coefficients are different. The theory is used to explain the results of a recent experimen.
A Study of the Flow Characteristics in Air-Water Two-Phase Flow under Microgravity : Results of Flight Experiments

Reliable design of space thermal management systems requires a through understanding of the hydrodynamic characteristics of two-phase flow influenced by the change in gravity. The data of flow patterns, void fraction, frictional pressure drop associated with its characteristics were obtained at normal gravity and in microgravity and hyper-gravity (2g) conditions aboard MU-300 aircraft capable of parabolic trajectory flying. Some experiments were performed for an air-water two-phase flow through 10mm diameter adiabatic test section with 600mm length of transparent acrylic resin horizontal tube. The results obtained at three gravity levels (µg, 1g and 2g) are compared with some of the existing flow pattern transition, void fraction and frictional pressure drop models and correlations. The gravity dependency of flow patterns was more clearly appeared with the decrease in gas and liquid flow rates. The effect of gravity on two-phase flow was insignificant for the turbulent flow regions.
Cross section measurements of (p,{gamma}) reactions on Pd isotopes relevant to the p process

The cross sections of proton-capture reactions on {sup 104}Pd, {sup 105}Pd, and {sup 106}Pd were measured by means of the 4{pi} {gamma}-summing method at energies from 2.6 to 7.2 MeV. Angle-integrated {gamma} fluxes were measured using a large volume (12{sup ''}x12{sup ''}) NaI(Tl) detector. Astrophysical S factors and reaction rates were deduced from the measured cross sections. Statistical model calculations were performed using the TALYS code and were compared with the new data as well as with other data on {sup 102}Pd available in the literature. A very good agreement between theory and experiment was found.
Calculation of 3D magnetic field of disk-type micromotors by integral transformation method

The discrete Fourier transformation over the angle coordinate and the Hankel transformation over the radial coordinate are used to obtain analytical solution for a scalar magnetic potential of a disk-type brushless slotless permanent magnet motor. A computation algorithm and the formulae for the field calculation are presented. Two extreme cases of the motor are calculated, and a good agreement with the experimental data is obtained.
Inverting the Linear Algebra Classroom

Abstract The inverted classroom is a course design model in which students’ initial contact with new information takes place outside of class meetings, and students spend class time on high-level sense-making activities. The inverted classroom model is so called because it inverts or “flips” the usual classroom design where typically class time is spent on information transfer (usually through lecturing) while most higher-order tasks are done outside the classroom through homework. The inverted classroom model is particularly well-suited for linear algebra, which mixes relatively straightforward mechanical calculation skills with deep and broad conceptual knowledge. In this paper, we discuss how the inverted classroom design can be applied to linear algebra in three modes: as a one-time class design to teach a single topic, as a way to design a recurring series of workshops, and as a way of designing an entire linear algebra course.
A familial longitudinal count data study

In this report, I study familial longitudinal count data with a Poisson regression model. The data is collected from individuals who are nested in families. I focus on two main issues to fit a model. The first one is the large number of excess zeros and the second one is multi-level random effects. My approach for solving these problems are to use either Zero Inflated Poisson (ZIP) or Negative Binomial (NB) models to control for the excess zeros which allow for estimation of another parameter for over dispersion while developing the model with individual and familial random effects. First, I use a Poisson regression model with only main effects. After that, I fit a ZIP model to control for the extra zeros. I provide information about general form of the exponential families and a discussion about the dispersion parameter. I also fit a Negative Binomial model instead of the ZIP model. I also build these models with only individual random effects and with both individual and familial random effects as well. I discuss the generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach to estimate the parameters of a generalized linear model with auto regressive correlation between outcomes.
Trait Anxiety and Unhealthy Eating in Adult Women: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Instability

Previous studies have demonstrated the influence of affective states on unhealthy eating. Heightened impulsivity has also been recognized as a risk factor for unhealthy eating. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between trait anxiety and unhealthy eating and to test whether cognitive instability (trait impulsivity component) might mediate this relationship among adult women. Method: The sample was composed of 225 women (Mage = 29.70 ± 9.23; MBodyMass Index = 23.39 ± 4.43). The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) were used. We first conducted a principal components analysis to reduce the dimensionality of the FFQ data, finding four principal components. For our primary analyses, we focused on unhealthy eating. We then conducted a mediation analysis to examine whether trait anxiety was associated with unhealthy eating and, if so, whether cognitive impulsivity mediated this relationship. Results: Trait anxiety was positively associated with cognitive instability, and cognitive instability was positively associated with unhealthy eating. Trait anxiety was also positively associated with unhealthy eating, but only when controlling for cognitive instability. Consistent with our proposed mediation model, trait anxiety was positively associated with cognitive instability, which in turn predicted unhealthy eating among adult women. Conclusion: Adult women who reported higher levels of trait anxiety experienced higher levels of cognitive instability and engaged in poor dietary behaviors. Identifying the factors related to unhealthy eating represents a crucial step toward findings ways of reducing their impact on food intake and replacing them with more productive ones.
Migration Modeling as a Valuable Tool for Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization of Polyethylene Terephthalate Oligomers

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most widely used food contact materials due to its excellent mechanical properties and recyclability. Migration of substances from PET and assessment of compliance are usually determined by experimental testing, which can be challenging depending on the migrants of interest. Low concentrations and missing reference standards, among other factors, have led to inadequate investigation of the migration potential of PET oligomers. Migration modeling can overcome such limitations and is therefore a suitable starting point for exposure and risk assessment. In this study, the activation energy-based (EA) model and the AP model were used to systematically evaluate the migration potential of 52 PET oligomers for 12 different application scenarios. Modeling parameters and conditions were evaluated to investigate their impact and relevance on the assessment of realistic exposures. Obtained results were compared with safety thresholds known from the concept of toxicological thresholds of concern. This allowed the evaluation and identification of oligomers and/or applications where migration or exposure levels may be associated with a potential risk because they exceed these safety thresholds. Overall, this study demonstrated that migration modeling can be a high-throughput, fast, flexible, and suitable approach for comprehensive exposure assessment.
Antenna Gain-Bandwidth Enhancements Using CRLH Hilbert Fractal-based Structure

performance; a dual- bandwidth was achieved extended from (3.72 to 3.79) GHz and (6.99 to 8.55) GHz with maximum antenna gain equal to (5.28, 7.66) dBi, respectively. The antenna is characterized by its small size and high efficiency, making it suitable for Long-Term Evolution LTE, 5G, and satellite applications.
A Simulation-Based Study of Geographically Weighted Regression as a Method for Investigating Spatially Varying Relationships

Large variability and correlations among the coefficients obtained from the method of geographically weighted regression (GWR) have been identified in previous research. This is an issue that poses a serious challenge for the utility of the method as a tool to investigate multivariate relationships. The objectives of this paper are to assess: (1) the ability of GWR to discriminate between a spatially constant processes and one with spatially varying relationships; and (2) to accurately retrieve spatially varying relationships. Extensive numerical experiments are used to investigate situations where the underlying process is stationary and nonstationary, and to assess the degree to which spurious intercoefficient correlations are introduced. Two different implementations of GWR and cross-validation approaches are assessed. Results suggest that judicious application of GWR can be used to discern whether the underlying process is nonstationary. Furthermore, evidence of spurious correlations indicates that caution must be exercised when drawing conclusions regarding spatial relationships retrieved using this approach, particularly when working with small samples.
Computational Purposing Phytochemicals against Cysteine Protease of Monkeypox Virus: An In-silico Approach

The development and evolution of viruses that cause disease have presented a formidable challenge to contemporary medicine and the global economy, not to mention a catastrophic risk to human health. Almost all of these viruses are zoonotic, meaning they were first identified in animals and then spread to humans. An emerging virus may cause only a few isolated instances, resulting in a limited outbreak, or it may cause widespread infection and spread to other parts of the world, triggering a full-blown epidemic. These kinds of emerging occurrences have occurred frequently and in many different forms during the past few decades. Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus, a member of the orthopox family that also includes variola, cowpox, and vaccinia. Both animals and humans can get infected by this virus. Similar to smallpox this disease shows less severe rashes and lower mortality rate. The outbreak of monkeypox was declared a global public health emergency by the World Health Organization in July 2022. Unknown mutations and variations are linked to the recent epidemic. Presently, FDA approved tecovirimat, cidofovir and brincidofovir are there in market to treat monkeypox virus. But there are some side effects of these drugs as they are synthetic. So, scientists are working on natural remedies that can be used as alternative to these drugs. In the present study virtual screening of phytochemicals (N-(2-Allylcarbamoyl-4-chloro-phenyl)-3,4-dimethoxy-benzamide, 6-Dimethylaminonaphthene-1-sulfonicacid amide, Oleic Acid and dipentyl ester) from Allophylus serratus were employed against core viral cysteine proteases from monkeypox virus was done. The docking study revealed that selected ligands bind with target viral protein with binding affinity in the range of -5.0 to -6.7 kcal/mol. N-(2-Allylcarbamoyl-4-chloro-phenyl)-3,4-dimethoxy-benzamide showed the highest binding affinity of -6.7 kcal/mol which can be investigated in the future to design potential drugs against monkeypox virus. Thus, this study foresees the possibility of bioactive phytochemicals functioning as template molecules for further experimental evaluation of their efficiency against monkeypox virus.
Distinct Thalamic and Frontal Neuroanatomical Substrates in Children with Familial vs. Non-Familial Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent, inheritable, and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder. Children with a family history of ADHD are at elevated risk of having ADHD and persisting its symptoms into adulthood. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of having or not having positive family risk factor in the neuroanatomy of the brain in children with ADHD. Cortical thickness-, surface area-, and volume-based measures were extracted and compared in a total of 606 participants, including 132, 165, and 309 in groups of familial ADHD (ADHD-F), non-familial ADHD (ADHD-NF), and typically developed children, respectively. Compared to controls, ADHD probands showed significantly reduced gray matter surface area in the left cuneus. Among the ADHD subgroups, ADHD-F showed significantly increased gray matter volume in the right thalamus and significantly thinner cortical thickness in the right pars orbitalis. Among ADHD-F, an increased volume of the right thalamus was significantly correlated with a reduced DSM-oriented t-score for ADHD problems. The findings of this study may suggest that a positive family history of ADHD is associated with the structural abnormalities in the thalamus and inferior frontal gyrus; these anatomical abnormalities may significantly contribute to the emergence of ADHD symptoms.