Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stress and personality in patients with chronic peptic ulcer.

The concept that stress and personality are associated with ulcer is widely held by lay persons and to some extent by the medical community. By means of epidemiological techniques and more precise terminology, the role of psychosomatic factors in ulcer disease has been more clearly defined. Regarding acute stress, the number of events experienced and the change and distress they are purported to produce has been found to be similar in ulcer patients and their controls matched on age, sex, and social class. However, chronic difficulties, i.e., events or circumstances that have persisted for > or = 6 months, are twice as common in duodenal ulcer patients as in controls. Events, either acute or chronic, are more strongly associated with duodenal ulcer if they contain a component involving personal threat or goal frustration. Associations that have been found between acute or chronic stress and duodenal ulcer have been relatively weak, with odds ratios of 2 to 3. For some patients, it is possible that depression and social incongruity may have played some role in initiating ulcer disease. Personality studies have shown that ulcer patients are more neurotic than controls, but the difference is small and there is no evidence to indicate an ulcer personality. As regards both stress and personality, gastric ulcer patients do not differ from duodenal ulcer patients.
Capsicum chlorosis virus infecting Capsicum annuum in the East Kimberley region of Western Australia

Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) was detected in field grown Capsicum annuum from Kununurra in north-east Western Australia. Identification of the Kununurra isolate (WA-99) was confirmed using sap transmission to indicator hosts, positive reactions with tospovirus serogroup IV-specific antibodies and CaCV-specific primers, and amino acid sequence comparisons that showed > 97% identity with published CaCV nucleocapsid gene sequences. The reactions of indicator hosts to infection with WA-99 often differed from those of the type isolate from Queensland. The virus multiplied best when test plants were grown at warm temperatures. CaCV was not detected in samples collected in a survey of C. annuum crops planted in the Perth Metropolitan area.
Specific aqueous humor factors induce activation of regulatory T cells.

PURPOSE To examine the possibility that aqueous humor-induced regulatory T cells could function in vivo, these T cells were examined for their ability to suppress adoptive transfer of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). To begin to understand the mechanisms by which aqueous humor induces activation of regulatory T cells, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta2 were examined for ability to induce regulatory T cells. METHODS Primed T cells were treated with aqueous humor and assayed for regulatory activity by injecting them intravenously along with DTH-mediating T cells into syngeneic mice. Antigen-pulsed antigen-presenting cells (APCs) were injected into the pinna of the mouse ear, and swelling was measured 24 hours later. Primed T cells were also activated in vitro in the presence of alpha-MSH, TGF-beta1, or TGF-beta2 and were assayed for proliferation and TGF-beta production along with suppressing DTH. RESULTS Aqueous humor-treated T cells suppressed inflammation mediated by DTH T cells. Maximum regulatory T cell activity was induced when primed T cells were activated in vitro in the presence of alpha-MSH followed 4 hours later with active TGF-beta2. Such T cells proliferated, produced TGF-beta, and suppressed DTH, suggesting that alpha-MSH and TGF-beta2 induce activation of regulatory T cells. No regulatory T cell activity could be induced in the presence of TGF-beta1. CONCLUSIONS The ocular microenvironment constitutively produces immunoregulatory factors that suppress the induction of inflammatory activity and promotes regulatory T cell activity. Such regulatory T cells can further contribute to maintaining the normal immunosuppressive ocular microenvironment through their ability to suppress activation of other inflammatory T cells.
Pathophysiology of periventricular leukomalacia: what we learned from animal models

by exposure to 8% oxygen) is a model of HI which contributed signifi- cantly to studying brain injury in neonates. Many modifications to this model have been made to produce selective grey or white matter injury to HI model in the term and the preterm infant. Our HI injury mouse model (which involves temporary bilateral carotid artery ligation at postnatal day (P) 5 followed by 20 minutes of hypoxia 8%, (P5 corre-sponds to gestational age (GA) 24 – 30 for white matter maturation), that mimics human PVL in several important ways, including hind or lower limb paresis, incoordination and initial failure to thrive due to lack of adequate feeding. Our model also mimics human PVL histologically in the form of ventriculomegaly due to white matter loss from decreased OLs numbers as well as OLs maturational arrest. We showed; in our model; a significant astrogliosis and microgliosis in the periventricular white matter similar to human PVL pathological changes. At the mo-lecular level, we showed in our model that activation of nuclear factor kappa B pathway; along with a significant increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines; leads to an increase in the number of activated microglia (M1 phenotype) and a reduction of repair microglia (M2 phenotype).
BLACK PEOPLE AND SECURE PSYCHIATRIC FACILITIES Patterns of Processing and the Role of Stereotyp

Afro-Caribbeans and Africans form a greater proportion of patients in secure psychiatric hospitals, compared to their representation in the general population of England and Wales. Research evidence is marshalled from the fields of psychiatry and criminology to produce an explanatory model for this finding. A simple theory based solely on the assumption of racist practice is insufficient. Multiple factors and their interaction need to be considered. Crucial to an understanding are those which influence both the mode of presentation to psychiatric services and the use of compulsory detention under the 1983 Mental Health Act. They include rates of arrest and subsequent conviction, the provision and uptake of mental health services, diagnostic practices, and the role of stereotypes. Underlying socio-economic considerations are highlighted where relevant. At each stage of processing by the criminal justice and psychiatric systems, there is an apparent incremental increase in discrimination. It is argued, however, that background variables are more significant than ethnicity alone. They operate through the formation of stereotypes, which modify social judgments. The implication of this model is that over-representation cannot be addressed purely by a modification of admission practices of secure psychiatric facilities. More fundamental and wide-ranging solutions need to be sought.
Frequency Adaptive Selective Harmonic Control for Grid-Connected Inverters

In this paper, a frequency adaptive selective harmonic control (FA-SHC) scheme is proposed. The FA-SHC method is developed from a hybrid SHC scheme based on the internal model principle, which can be designed for grid-connected inverters to optimally mitigate feed-in current harmonics. The hybrid SHC scheme consists of multiple parallel recursive (nk ± m)-order (k = 0,1,2,. . ., and m ≤ n/2) harmonic control modules with independent control gains, which can be optimally weighted in accordance with the harmonic distribution. The hybrid SHC, thus, offers an optimal tradeoff among cost, complexity, and also performance in terms of high accuracy, fast response, easy implementation, and compatible design. The analysis and synthesis of the hybrid SHC are addressed. More important, in order to deal with the harmonics in the presence of grid frequency variations, the hybrid SHC is transformed into the FA-SHC, being the proposed fractional-order controller, when it is implemented with a fixed sampling rate. The FA-SHC is implemented by substituting the fractional-order elements with the Lagrange-polynomial-based interpolation filters. The proposed FA-SHC scheme provides fast on-line computation and frequency adaptability to compensate harmonics in grid-connected applications, where the grid frequency is usually varying within a certain range (e.g., 50 ± 0.5 Hz). Experimental tests have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed FA-SHC scheme in terms of accurate frequency adaptability and also fast transient response.
The Role of Cyclic Nucleotides in Pituitary Lactotroph Functions

Lactotrophs are one of the five secretory anterior pituitary cell types specialized to synthesize and release prolactin. In vitro, these cells fire action potentials (APs) spontaneously and the accompanied Ca2+ transients are of sufficient amplitude to keep the exocytotic pathway, the transcription of prolactin gene, and de novo hormone synthesis continuously active. Basal cyclic nucleotide production is also substantial in cultured cells but not critical for the APs secretion/transcription coupling in lactotrophs. However, elevated intracellular cAMP levels enhance the excitability of lactotrophs by stimulating the depolarizing non-selective cationic hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-regulated and background channels, whereas cGMP inhibits it by activating Ca2+-controlled K+ channels. Elevated cAMP also modulates prolactin release downstream of Ca2+ influx by changing the kinetic of secretory pores: stimulate at low and inhibit at high concentrations. Induction of prolactin gene and lactotroph proliferation is also stimulated by elevated cAMP through protein kinase A. Together, these observations suggest that in lactotrophs cAMP exhibits complex regulatory effects on voltage-gated Ca2+ influx and Ca2+-dependent cellular processes.
Nonlinear modeling and design of initial position estimation and polarity detection of IPM drives

This paper proposes a novel initial rotor position estimation algorithm for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (IPMSM) drives. First, the rotor position is determined based on the machine saliency using the flux equations in the stationary reference frame. Since the machine saliency performs two periods in one electrical cycle, there exists an ambiguity of 180° in the estimation result. The location of the magnetic north pole is detected using a generalized polarity detection method. This method injects voltage pulses and compares the current response with the expected response using the d-axis differential inductance profile. An accurate nonlinear machine model is introduced for analysis and simulation of sensorless control in IPMSM drives. The model uses the machine flux as dynamic equation and the flux current relationship as output function avoiding approximations due to saturation. The initial position detection procedure is validated with this model using experimental current-flux data.
Statins Reduces the Risk of Dementia in Patients with Late-Onset Depression: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective Patients with late-onset depression (LOD) have been reported to run a higher risk of subsequent dementia. The present study was conducted to assess whether statins can reduce the risk of dementia in these patients. Methods We used the data from National Health Insurance of Taiwan during 1996–2009. Standardized Incidence Ratios (SIRs) were calculated for LOD and subsequent dementia. The criteria for LOD diagnoses included age ≥65 years, diagnosis of depression after 65 years of age, at least three service claims, and treatment with antidepressants. The time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model was applied for multivariate analyses. Propensity scores with the one-to-one nearest-neighbor matching model were used to select matching patients for validation studies. Kaplan-Meier curve estimate was used to measure the group of patients with dementia living after diagnosis of LOD. Results Totally 45,973 patients aged ≥65 years were enrolled. The prevalence of LOD was 12.9% (5,952/45,973). Patients with LOD showed to have a higher incidence of subsequent dementia compared with those without LOD (Odds Ratio: 2.785; 95% CI 2.619–2.958). Among patients with LOD, lipid lowering agent (LLA) users (for at least 3 months) had lower incidence of subsequent dementia than non-users (Hazard Ratio = 0.781, 95% CI 0.685–0.891). Nevertheless, only statins users showed to have reduced risk of dementia (Hazard Ratio = 0.674, 95% CI 0.547–0.832) while other LLAs did not, which was further validated by Kaplan-Meier estimates after we used the propensity scores with the one-to-one nearest-neighbor matching model to control the confounding factors. Conclusions Statins may reduce the risk of subsequent dementia in patients with LOD.
THE PYLA ’ 01 EXPERIMENT : FLYING THE NEW RAMSES P-BAND FACILITY

In less than ten years, microwave remote sensing techniques have provided unexpected insights in the Earth surface structure and processes, and triggered the development of entirely new research fields. Using spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar – SAR (SIR-C/X-SAR, JERS-1, ERS-1/2, RADARSAT), three characteristics of the Earth surface can in principle be observed: the slope (topography), the surface roughness (vegetation, geology, ocean surface), and the dielectric properties (nature of soils, moisture content). Using interferometric techniques, one dynamical parameter, i.e. centimeter-scale displacements of the ground related to subsidence or tectonic movements, can be accessed. Low frequency SAR (L and P-bands) represent a promising future for remote sensing, since it allows us to investigate the sub-surface down to several meters and penetrates the vegetation cover. In particular, P-band radar can achieve penetration capabilities that could be used for accurate mapping of sub-surface characteristics such as moisture content or geological structures. The Pyla region near Bordeaux in France was chosen as a suitable laboratory site for fieldwork validation of P-band SAR potentials. ONERA developed a multi-frequency, full polarimetric, and high resolution airborne SAR facility named RAMSES, which disposes of the P-band (435 MHz) since the end of 2000. Several RAMSES flights were performed over the Pyla region during April and May 2001: This experiment was performed within the “low frequency radar working group” set up by CNES and will explore potentials of the low frequency domain for sub-surface moisture detection (Pyla sand dune), biomass evaluation (Nezer forest), mapping of the ocean bathymetry and salinity (basin of Arcachon, estuary of the Gironde), and archaeology (S Germain d’Esteuil, Dignac, Moulin du Fâ). A dedicated P-band calibration site was set up in order to fully exploit the polarimetric information. We present first results of the PYLA’01 airborne campaign. They will be used to promote a future P-band RAMSES flight foreseen in Egypt for the end of 2003, which will validate potentials of low frequency SAR in an arid context. This work should in particular lead to innovative Earth observation systems for hydrogeology and sub-surface mapping in desert regions.
Reduction of Data Sparsity in Collaborative Filtering based on Fuzzy Inference Rules

Collaborative filtering Recommender system plays a very demanding and significance role in this era of internet information and of course e commerce age. Collaborative filtering predicts user preferences from past user behaviour or user-item relationships. Though it has many advantages it also has some limitations such as sparsity, scalability, accuracy, cold start problem etc. In this paper we proposed a method that helps in reducing sparsity to enhance recommendation accuracy. We developed fuzzy inference rules which is easily to implement and also gives better result. A comparison experiment is also performing with two previous methods, Traditional Collaborative Filtering (TCF) and Hybrid User Model Technique (HUMCF).
Simulating inertial and centripetal forces for segmentation of overlapped handwritten digits

This paper presents a new algorithm for segmentation of overlapped cursive handwritten digits. Segmentation is a common issue for automatic character recognition. The work in digits is common in applications as bank check or postal code processing. Our method is based on the segmentation achieved by the path traversed by a hypothetical ball which rolls over the digits under the influence of inertial and centripetal forces. The proposal has a computational cost of O(n2) instead of O(2n) as in classical graph-based approaches.
Boost current multilevel inverter and its application on single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic systems

This work presents a novel current multilevel (CML) inverter topology, named boost CML inverter, and its application on energy processing of single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. The structure allows a high power factor operation of a PV system, injecting a quasi-sinusoidal current into the grid, with virtually no displacement in relation to the line voltage at the point of common coupling among the PV system and the loads. The major appeals of using the CML technique are the balanced current sharing among semiconductor switches and the decrease of the current slope in the circuit devices, with a consequent reduction of conducted and radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI). The CML technique also allows adapting or minimizing current waveforms harmonic content. System description, mathematical approach, and design guidelines are presented, providing an overview of the new topology. In order to validate the proposed concepts, experimental measurements, made in a small-scale laboratory prototype, are also presented. The obtained results evidence the feasibility of the application of this new topology on singlephase grid-connected PV systems.
Two-state one-dimensional spinless Fermi gas.

The two-state, one-dimensional, spinless Fermi gas (Falicov-Kimball model) is studied exactly by numerical calculation and perturbation theory. Rigorous results are presented for small interaction strength and (restricted) coherent and incoherent phase diagrams are calculated for two specific examples. The numerical calculations are extrapolated to provide a qualitative picture of the complete solution. The result includes a fractal structure in which the ground-state changes discontinuously as a function of the parameters.
An Improved Ideal Point Setting in Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Decomposition

In this paper, we propose an improved ideal point setting method in the framework of MOEA/D. MOEA/D decomposes a multi-objective optimisation problem into a number of scalar optimisation problems and optimise them simultaneously. The performance of MOEA/D is highly relate to its decomposition method, and the proposed ideal point setting approach is used in the weighted Tchebycheff (TCH) and penalty-based boundary intersection (PBI) decomposition approach. It expands the region of search in the objective space by transforming the original ideal point into its symmetric point and changes the search direction of each subproblems in MOEA/D. In order to address the proposed ideal point setting method, we design a set of multi-objective problems(MOPs). The proposed method is compared with original MOEA/D-TCH and MOEA/D-PBI on MOPs. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed ideal point setting method is very effective in terms of both diversity and convergence.
Targeted Disruption of the Murine zyxin Gene

ABSTRACT Zyxin is an evolutionarily conserved protein that is concentrated at sites of cell adhesion, where it associates with members of the Enabled (Ena)/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) family of cytoskeletal regulators and is postulated to play a role in cytoskeletal dynamics and signaling. Zyxin transcripts are detected throughout murine embryonic development, and the protein is widely expressed in adults. Here we used a reverse genetic approach to examine the consequences of loss of zyxin function in the mouse. Mice that lack zyxin function are viable and fertile and display no obvious histological abnormalities in any of the organs examined. Because zyxin contributes to the localization of Ena/VASP family members at certain subcellular locations, we carefully examined the zyxin−/− mice for evidence of defects that have been observed when Ena/VASP proteins are compromised in the mouse. Specifically, we evaluated blood platelet function, nervous system development, and skin architecture but did not detect any defects in these systems. Zyxin is the founding member of a family of proteins that also includes the lipoma preferred partner (LPP) and thyroid receptor-interacting protein 6 (TRIP6). These zyxin family members display patterns of expression that significantly overlap that of zyxin. Western blot analysis indicates that there is no detectable upregulation of either LPP or TRIP6 expression in tissues derived from zyxin-null mice. Because zyxin family members may have overlapping functions, a comprehensive understanding of the role of these proteins in the mouse will require the generation of compound mutations in which multiple zyxin family members are simultaneously compromised.
T E C H N I C a L a D V a N C E Open Access

The frequency modulated auditory evoked response (FMAER), a technical advance for study of childhood language disorders: cortical source localization and selected case studies Abstract Background: Language comprehension requires decoding of complex, rapidly changing speech streams. Detecting changes of frequency modulation (FM) within speech is hypothesized as essential for accurate phoneme detection, and thus, for spoken word comprehension. Despite past demonstration of FM auditory evoked response (FMAER) utility in language disorder investigations, it is seldom utilized clinically. This report's purpose is to facilitate clinical use by explaining analytic pitfalls, demonstrating sites of cortical origin, and illustrating potential utility.
The Anatomical Theater

The Institute for the Medical Humanities is housed at one end of the second floor of the elliptical, late nineteenth-century building that once housed the entire original medical school of the University of Texas. At the other end of the second floor, conforming to the apsidal shape of the building, is the amphitheaterÂ—the old anatomical theater. On the third floor, under a ring of skyUghts that bathe the anatomy lab in the beautiful, clear, changing light of an artist's studio, students carry out the traditions of dissection that were developed in the Renaissance. Tours of the amphitheater are frequent: the room belongs to the history of medicine and exemplifies the excellencies of late Victorian architecture. The anatomy laboratory, however, is locked, its contents guarded with respect. Yet, from time to time, strangers misguidedly wander into the Institute offices and ask, "Is this where they keep the bodies? " Thus, in my workplace today I am able to observe remnants of the disparate elements that have characterized scientific anatomy from its infancy: scientific detachment, aesthetic fascination, and voyeuristic agitation. Harmonizing these elements seems always to have been a challenge. Leonardo da Vinci, whose exquisite drawings belong to the canon of scientific illustration because they express both scientific and humanistic concerns, wrote about the difficulties of dissecting and drawing accurate representations of his observations. He concludes his ruminations on a note that seems gleefully macabre: "And if you should have a love for such things [i.e., drawing from life] you might be prevented by loathing, and if that did not prevent you, you might be deterred by the fear of living in the night hours in the company of those corpses, quartered and flayed and horrible to see. "1 Anyone acquainted with illustrations from early anatomy books must recognize their striking peculiarities. Yet, the artists and anatomists