Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ENDOCRINES AND THEIR RELATION TO INFLUENZA VIRUS INFECTION

Treatment with testosterone increases proliferation of influenza virus as well as protein anabolism. A relative lack of testosterone caused by castration is associated with a diminished rate of virus growth. When protein catabolism is increased by ACTH or cortisone, the rate of virus proliferation decreases. These results suggest the existence of a correlation between alterations of protein metabolism and virus proliferation.
Prevalence of Myopia and Myopic Progression in a Population of Clinical Microscopists

The frequency of refractive errors in a population of clinical microscopists is presented. The prevalence of myopia in this population (N=251) was found to be 71%, with 49% of the population reporting onset or progression of myopia after entry into clinical microscopy (after 21 years of age). Of subjects undergoing renewed progression of an existing myopia since starting clinical microscopy, 56% reported no refractive change for the 5 years before entering their profession. Accuracy of reporting refractive changes was found to be high. No differences were found in task-related functions between those subjects reporting myopic change in adulthood from those who did not report myopic change.
SINGLE-EVENT EFFECTS CHARACTERIZATION AND SOFT ERROR MITIGATION IN 90nm COMMERCIAL-DENSITY SRAMs

SRAM reliability faces serious challenges due to radiation-induced soft errors in aggressively scaled CMOS technologies. The increasing frequency of singlebit upsets and more recently multi-bit upsets (MBU) limits the efficacy of conventionally used single-bit error correcting codes (ECC). Additionally, techniques used in achieving dense packing of SRAM cells may potentially increase the single-event latchup sensitivity of these technologies. To characterize these single-event effects (SEE) for SRAMs in sub-100nm technologies, two prototype SRAM ICs have been designed in two characteristic 90nm bulk-CMOS commercial processes. To evaluate the effectiveness of soft error mitigation techniques, especially in the presence of MBU, two different ECC schemes with increasing error correction capability were implemented. SEE irradiation tests performed on these SRAMs reveal that MBUs are the dominating contributor to overall soft error rate, and their range could be as large as 13-bits. These test results validate the effectiveness of a mathematical model that shows how an effective bit error rate of 10 -10 errors/bitday can be achieved. Tests also show improved resilience of these technologies against single-event latchup, provided supply voltages are 1.1V or below.
Electrogenic sodium‐calcium exchange in cultured embryonic chick heart cells.

1. The membrane potential (Em) of cultured chick embryonic heart cells depolarized to ‐36 mV after inhibition of the Na+‐K+ pump by 0.1 mM‐ouabain in a [K+]o of 24 mM: this was accompanied by a rise in Na+ content of approximately 65% in 3 min. Lowering [Na+]o to 27 mM then caused a fall in Na+ content, a rise in Ca2+ content and a small hyperpolarization of approximately 5 mV. The fall in Na+ content indicated a movement of Na+ which was in the opposite direction to the Na+ electrochemical gradient (a countergradient movement). 2. In the presence of 10 mM‐Cs+ or 1 mM‐Ba2+ the hyperpolarization was approximately 10 or approximately 30 mV, respectively. A 30 mV hyperpolarization took Em negative to the reversal potentials for K+, and Cl‐ as measured by ion‐selective micro‐electrodes. 3. The decay of the intracellular Na+ activity alpha iNa, in an [Na+]o of 27 mM followed a simple exponential time course (time constant, 36 s). The initial rate depended on the value to which [Na+]o was lowered in a manner suggesting a simple competitive inhibition of the exchange by external Na+. 4. The low‐[Na+]o hyperpolarization was unaffected by amiloride (0.1 or 1 mM) or verapamil (20 microM). Both La3+ (1 mM) and Mn2+ (20 mM) blocked the hyperpolarization sufficiently to prevent Em hyperpolarizing negative to the reversal potentials for K+, Na+ and Cl‐. 5. Re‐establishing [Na+]o caused a rise in Na+ content and a countergradient drop in Ca2+ content. The effects of verapamil (20 microM), amiloride (0.1 and 1 mM), dichlorobenzamil (0.1 mM), quinidine (1 mM), Mn2+ (20 mM) and La3+ (1 mM) were tested on the movements of Na+ and Ca2+ both during exposure to an [Na+]o of 27 mM and on re‐establishing [Na+]o. The only consistent and substantial effects were the attenuation by La3+ and Mn2+ and Ca2+ movements during exposure to an [Na+]o of 27 mM. However, neither La3+ nor Mn2+ affected the movements of Na+ and Ca2+ on re‐establishing [Na+]o. 6. We conclude that cultured embryonic chick heart cells contain a Na+‐Ca2+ exchange evidenced by the ability to cause movements of Na+ and Ca2+ which are counter to their respective electrochemical gradient and which are accompanied by downhill movements of the counter ion. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Study on the acoustic impedance matching of human tissue for power transmitting/charging system of implanted biochip

This paper presents an acoustic impedance matching model for the power transmission in human tissue. Utilizing the piezoelectric effect, the acoustic wave provides a feasible way to wirelessly charge the battery of the implanted biochip. A modified matching method from Desilets microwave transmission theory is derived to match the acoustic impedance between the piezo-transmitter/receiver and the human tissue. The lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT, 39.71MRayl) is used to be the material of transmitter/receiver. Based on the results of the modified matching model, the double impedance matching layers are constructed by the aluminum alloy 6061T6 with impedance 17.1MRayl and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) with 3.33MRayl. The maximum power gain is 5.55 dB in simulation and 3.13 dB in experiment result
pH and Eh in single and mixed culture bacterial plaque in an artificial mouth.

The pH and Eh of bacterial plaques produced on a tooth surface in an artificial mouth following inoculation with saliva, single cultures and mixed cultures were measured. The importance of these properties and the role of sucrose in controlling colonization by specific organisms, particularly anaerobes, was investigated. The degree of colonization was estimated from the viable counts in the effluent from the tooth. Interactions between the bacterial species in the multi-culture plaques are discussed. The results are presented in support of the hypothesis that colonization of the teeth by anaerobes depends upon prior growth of aerobes during early plaque formation.
The equivalence axiom and univalent models of type theory. (Talk at CMU on February 4, 2010)

This is the text of my talk at CMU on Feb. 4, 2010 were I gave the second public presentation of the Univalence Axiom (called "equivalence axiom" in the text). The first presentation of the axiom was in a lecture at LMU Munich in November 2009.
Vitamin D and colorectal cancer: molecular, epidemiological and clinical evidence

Abstract In many cells throughout the body, vitamin D is converted into its active form calcitriol and binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which functions as a transcription factor to regulate various biological processes including cellular differentiation and immune response. Vitamin D-metabolising enzymes (including CYP24A1 and CYP27B1) and VDR play major roles in exerting and regulating the effects of vitamin D. Preclinical and epidemiological studies have provided evidence for anti-cancer effects of vitamin D (particularly against colorectal cancer), although clinical trials have yet to prove its benefit. In addition, molecular pathological epidemiology research can provide insights into the interaction of vitamin D with tumour molecular and immunity status. Other future research directions include genome-wide research on VDR transcriptional targets, gene–environment interaction analyses and clinical trials on vitamin D efficacy in colorectal cancer patients. In this study, we review the literature on vitamin D and colorectal cancer from both mechanistic and population studies and discuss the links and controversies within and between the two parts of evidence.
CodePlay: Live multimedia streaming in VANETs using symbol-level network coding

Live multimedia streaming (LMS) services are important in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) for their capability of providing comprehensive and user-friendly information. The fundamental challenges come from achieving stable and high streaming rate (smooth playback) for all the interested vehicles while using minimal bandwidth resources, especially under the highly dynamic topology of VANETs and the lossy nature of vehicular wireless communications. A recent technique, symbol-level network coding (SLNC), has been shown to be an effective approach to improve the efficiency of bandwidth utilization, by exploiting both wireless symbol-level diversity and the benefits of network coding. In this paper, we introduce CodePlay, a new LMS scheme in VANETs that fully takes advantage of SLNC through a coordinated local push mechanism. Streaming contents are actively disseminated from dedicated sources to interested vehicles via local coordination of distributively selected relays, each of which will ensure smooth playback for vehicles nearby. CodePlay is designed to simultaneously improve the performance of LMS service in terms of streaming rate, service delivery delay and bandwidth efficiency. We use extensive simulations to show that CodePlay is potentially suitable for future LMS applications in VANET.
Assessment of Total Antioxidant Capacity and Antimicrobial Activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra in Saliva of HIV-Infected Patients

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of licorice in Saliva of HIV/AIDS patients. Materials and Methods: Saliva specimens were collected from 20 people living with HIV infection, with CD4 count <500 cells/mm3 from people infected with HIV/AIDS in Mangalore city, India. A combination of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and nystatin was taken as the positive control and normal saline as negative control. Results were compared using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc analysis in SPSS 19. Results: The TAC was evaluated spectrophotometrically at 695nm using the phosphomolybdenum method. Glycyrrhiza glabra showed a statistically significant reduction (P < 0.05) in total Candida count. The TAC of G. glabra was found to be 4.467 mM/L. Conclusions: G. glabra extracts showed good anticandidal activity and also high antioxidant property which reduces the oxidative stress of HIV-infected people.
Active yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation improves digestibility of lamb diet

The aim of the study was to evaluate the supplementation of active yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on diets of lambs fed with two different concentrate proportion on DM intake, apparent digestibility of nutrients, in vitro digestibility of dry matter and rumen fermentation parameters. Twenty non-castrated male lambs, averaging 120 days-old, housed in metabolism cages, with collector and separator of feces and urine fed with diets comprising grass hay and concentrate rations in two different proportion (80% or 60%, on DM basis), supplemented or not with active yeast (5 g/day) were used. Supplementation with active yeast increased (p 0.05) on DM intake, independently of concentrate proportion. The rumen parameters were not changed by the active yeast supplementation since the rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen were similar between diets with or without active yeast. Values of in vitro digestibility of DM were higher for active yeast supplemented diets. Supplementation of diets of lambs with active yeast improves digestibility of DM and fiber, regardless of concentrate proportion, without changing DM intake.
Towards composing and benchmarking ontology alignments

Formal resources on the web will be expressed in the framework of an ontology. Integrating such resources requires finding agreement between ontologies (ontology alignment). Many methods have been put forward for aligning ontologies. They involve different techniques (linguistic, statistical, structural) and are based on various features of ontologies (names, internal structure, external structure, extension or semantics). It is necessary to allow these methods to cooperate and to be able to compare them in order to stimulate research on ontology alignment. We propose here a first attempt toward this based on a format for expressing the alignment independently of the methods used for building them and a first benchmarking framework for alignment methods. This sketch of foregoing work in the framework of the European FP6 ’Knowledge web’ is intended to be discussed and improved.
A multi-angle plane wave imaging approach for high frequency 2D flow visualization in small animals: Simulation study in the murine arterial system

To preclinically investigate the role of hemodynamics in atherogenesis, mouse models are particularly useful due to the rapid disease development. As such, murine blood flow visualization has become an important tool, with current US systems equipped with traditional 1D flow imaging techniques, lacking spatial and/or temporal resolution to accurately resolve in-vivo flow fields. Hence, we investigated multi-angle plane wave imaging for ultrafast, 2D vector flow visualization and compared this approach with conventional pulsed Doppler in the setting of a mouse aorta with abdominal aortic aneurysm. For this purpose, we used a multiphysics model which allowed direct comparison of synthetic US images with the true flow field behind the image. In case of the abdominal aorta, we showed the mean flow estimation improved 9% when using 2D vector Doppler compared to conventional Doppler, but still underestimated the true flow because the full spatial velocity distribution remained unknown. We also evaluated a more challenging measurement location, the mesenteric artery (aortic side branch), often assessed in a short-axis view close to the origin of the branch to avoid the smaller dimensions downstream. Even so, complex out-of-plane flow dynamics hampered a reliable flow assessment for both techniques. Hence, both cases illustrated the need for 3D vascular imaging, allowing acquisition of the full 3D spatial velocity profile.
Computing and Visualizing Dynamic Time Warping Alignments in R: The dtw Package

Dynamic time warping is a popular technique for comparing time series, providing both a distance measure that is insensitive to local compression and stretches and the warping which optimally deforms one of the two input series onto the other. A variety of algorithms and constraints have been discussed in the literature. The dtw package provides an unification of them; it allows R users to compute time series alignments mixing freely a variety of continuity constraints, restriction windows, endpoints, local distance definitions, and so on. The package also provides functions for visualizing alignments and constraints using several classic diagram types.
Predicting later language outcomes from the Language Use Inventory.

PURPOSE To examine the predictive validity of the Language Use Inventory (LUI), a parent report of language use by children 18-47 months old (O'Neill, 2009). METHOD 348 children whose parents had completed the LUI were reassessed at 5-6 years old with standardized, norm-referenced language measures and parent report of developmental history. The relationship between scores on the LUI and later measures was examined through correlation, binary classification, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS For children aged 24-47 months at the time of LUI completion, LUI scores correlated significantly with language measure scores. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were also calculated for 4 cutoff scores on the LUI, including -1.64 SD, a score that maximized sensitivity to 81% and specificity to 93%. For children aged 18-23 months at the time of LUI completion, specificity and NPV were high, but sensitivity and PPV were lower than desirable. CONCLUSIONS The results provide initial support for the LUI's predictive validity, particularly for children 24-47 months, and suggest the LUI can serve as an indicator of later language outcomes in referred populations. The results compare favorably to findings for other early child-language measures.
Reduction of Power Electronic Elements in Multilevel Converters Using a New Cascade Structure

In this paper, a new structure for cascade multilevel converters is presented. The proposed structure is based on a cascaded connection of submultilevel converters. The proposed cascade structure can generate a large number of levels with reduced numbers of insulated-gate bipolar transistors, gate drivers, antiparallel diodes, dc voltage sources, and blocked voltage by switches. For the proposed cascade converter, a new algorithm to determine dc source values is presented. In addition, the optimal structures are presented for different goals. The suggested structure is compared with conventional cascade and other topologies. The performance and operation of the suggested submultilevel and cascade structures is verified by experimental and simulation results. Validation of the analytical conclusions is done using MATLAB/Simulink software.
A design approach for GALS based systems-on-chip

In this paper, we present an efficient design flow for GALS systems based on the state-of-art commercial tools, we first designed an asynchronous wrapper equipped with handshake circuits and stoppable clock generator, and then selected a digital FIR filter as a design example. The simulation and verification show our proposed interface circuits is of good performance in terms of speed and area. The design efficiency is also improved by allowing standard tools to better support GALS based designs.
Apolipoprotein E Is the Determinant that Mediates the Receptor Uptake of B‐Very Low Density Lipoproteins by Mouse Macrophages

Beta very low density lipoproteins (β-VLDL) from cholesterol-fed animals and from patients with Type III hyperlipoproteinemia are internalized by a receptor-mediated process in mouse macrophages. Once internalized, the cholesteryl esters of β-VLDL are hydrolyzed in lysosomes, and the released cholesterol is re-esterified, resulting in a massive accumulation of cholesteryl esters. In the present study, competitive binding experiments demonstrated that canine apo E HDLC (lipoproteins that contain almost exclusively apolipoprotein E) inhibited the receptor-mediated uptake of 125I-β- VLDL. The incorporation of human apo E intoβ-VLDL was also shown to modulate binding. Reductively methylated β-VLDL (methyl β-VLDL) were not taken up by macrophages and did not stimulate cholesteryl ester synthesis. When unmodified human apo E-3 was incorporated into the lipoprotein in place of the canine methyl apo E, these hybrid β-VLDL (methyl β-VLDL [E-3]) were internalized and degraded and were as effective as native β-VLDL in stimulating cholesteryl ester synthesis in macrophages. In the reverse experiment, the incorporation of methyl apo E-3 into native canine β-VLDL (β-VLDL [methyl E-3]) reduced the binding activity of the β-VLDL and abolished their ability to stimulate cellular cholesteryl ester synthesis. Canine β-VLDL into which apo E-2(Arg158-»Cys) had been incorporated had less ability to stimulate cholesteryl ester synthesis (20%) than did native β-VLDL, but they were more active than β-VLDL [methyl E-2] or β-VLDL [methyl E-3], which had virtually no activity. These results demonstrate that apo E is the determinant mediating the receptor binding and uptake of β-VLDL by mouse macrophages.
Stereo Image Rectification for Simple Panoramic Image Generation

In this paper, we propose an image rectification method to generate panoramic views from stereoscopic images. Due to different intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of stereoscopic cameras, there are some mismatches in the vertical direction of the stereo images and they become major obstacles to make a panoramic image. Therefore, we need to reduce mismatches to generate more natural panoramic views. Since the distance between two cameras is relatively large for panoramic image generation, we perform two different camera calibration operations: relative calibration and non-relative calibration. After we calculate a rectifying transformation by estimating the camera parameters of the rectified images and apply it to the captured images, we can generate a panoramic image from the rectified stereo images. Experimental results show that the proposed method is useful for panoramic image generation and provides us much clearer panoramic view with fewer mismatch regions.
A Contribution to the Optimisation of a Simple Shear Test

The finite element method is a widely used tool in sheet metal forming. The quality of the results of such an analysis depends largely on the applied constitutive model and its material parameters, which have to be determined experimentally. These data are relevant on the choice of the yield criterion among the wide range of options available in the commercial applications implementing the finite element method. Since the accuracy of material parameters estimation is therefore crucial, investigations were performed with an Al-Mg sheet alloy and a mild steel sheet to optimize a Miyauchi-based simple shear test. This method is one of the basic ways to investigate the plastic properties of a sheet metal up to large strains, which is very important for numerical analysis of sheet metal forming processes. Aim of the test is to determine the shear stress-strain correlation. In order to enhance the quality of the experimental results the detection of the deformation’s field, trough an optical measurement system, and the methodology for its evaluation are focus of the present study.
Rtg3p, a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix/Leucine Zipper Protein that Functions in Mitochondrial-induced Changes in Gene Expression, Contains Independent Activation Domains*

Rtg3p and Rtg1p are basic helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper protein transcription factors in yeast that interact and bind to sites in an upstream activation sequence element in the 5′-flanking region of CIT2, a gene encoding a peroxisomal isoform of citrate synthase. These factors are required both for basal expression of CIT2 and its elevated expression in cells with dysfunctional mitochondria, such as in respiratory-deficient petite cells lacking mitochondrial DNA (ρ°). This elevated expression of CIT2 is called the retrograde response. Here we show that fusion constructs between the Gal4p DNA binding domain and Rtg3p transactivate the expression of aLacZ reporter gene under the control of a GAL1promoter element. We have identified two activation domains in Rtg3p: a strong carboxyl-terminal domain from amino acids 375–486, and a weaker amino-terminal domain from amino acids 1–175; neither of these activation domains contain the bHLH/Zip motif. We have also identified a serine/threonine-rich domain of Rtg3p within amino acids 176–282 that is inhibitory to transactivation. In addition, the transcriptional activity of the Gal4-Rtg3p fusion proteins does not require either Rtg1p or Rtg2p; the latter is a protein containing an hsp70-like ATP binding domain that is also necessary for CIT2 expression. In contrast, transcriptional activation by Gal4-Rtg1p fusion proteins requires the Rtg1p basic helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper protein domain, as well as Rtg3p and Rtg2p. These data suggest that transcriptional activation by the Rtg1p-Rtg3p complex is largely the function of Rtg3p. Experiments are also presented suggesting that Rtg3p is limiting for gene expression in respiratory-competent (ρ+) cells.