Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AHaH Computing–From Metastable Switches to Attractors to Machine Learning

Modern computing architecture based on the separation of memory and processing leads to a well known problem called the von Neumann bottleneck, a restrictive limit on the data bandwidth between CPU and RAM. This paper introduces a new approach to computing we call AHaH computing where memory and processing are combined. The idea is based on the attractor dynamics of volatile dissipative electronics inspired by biological systems, presenting an attractive alternative architecture that is able to adapt, self-repair, and learn from interactions with the environment. We envision that both von Neumann and AHaH computing architectures will operate together on the same machine, but that the AHaH computing processor may reduce the power consumption and processing time for certain adaptive learning tasks by orders of magnitude. The paper begins by drawing a connection between the properties of volatility, thermodynamics, and Anti-Hebbian and Hebbian (AHaH) plasticity. We show how AHaH synaptic plasticity leads to attractor states that extract the independent components of applied data streams and how they form a computationally complete set of logic functions. After introducing a general memristive device model based on collections of metastable switches, we show how adaptive synaptic weights can be formed from differential pairs of incremental memristors. We also disclose how arrays of synaptic weights can be used to build a neural node circuit operating AHaH plasticity. By configuring the attractor states of the AHaH node in different ways, high level machine learning functions are demonstrated. This includes unsupervised clustering, supervised and unsupervised classification, complex signal prediction, unsupervised robotic actuation and combinatorial optimization of procedures–all key capabilities of biological nervous systems and modern machine learning algorithms with real world application.
The detrimental effects of lead on human and animal health

Lead, a chemical element in the carbon group with symbol Pb (from Latin: Plumbum, meaning “the liquid silver”) and has an atomic number 82 in the periodic table. It was the first element that was characterized by its kind of toxicity. In animal systems, lead (Pb) has been incriminated in a wide spectrum of toxic effects and it is considered one of the persistent ubiquitous heavy metals. Being exposed to this metal could lead to the change of testicular functions in human beings as well as in the wildlife. The lead poising is a real threat to the public health, especially in the developing countries. Accordingly, great efforts on the part of the occupational and public health have been taken to curb the dangers of this metal. Hematopoietic, renal, reproductive, and central nervous system are among the parts of the human body and systems that are vulnerable toward the dangers following exposure to high level of Pb. In this review, we discussed the massive harmful impact that leads acetate toxicity has on the animals and the worrying fact that this harmful toxicant can be found quite easily in the environment and abundance. Highlighting its (Pb) effects on various organs in the biological systems, its economic, as well as scientific importance, with the view to educate the public/professionals who work in this area. In this study, we focus on the current studies and research related to lead toxicity in animals and also to a certain extent toward human as well.
Using a Performance-based Skeleton to Implement Divisible Load Applications on Grid Computing Environments

Applications with divisible loads have such a rich source of parallelism that their parallelization can significantly reduce their total completion time on grid computing environments. However, it is a challenge for grid users, probably scientists and engineers, to develop their applications which can exploit the computing power of the grid. We propose a performance-based skeleton algorithm for implementing divisible load appli- cations on grids. Following this skeleton, novice grid programmers can easily develop a high performance grid application. To examine the performance of programs developed by this approach, we apply this skeleton to implement three kinds of applications and conduct experiments on our grid test-bed. Experimental results show that programs im- plemented by this approach run more rapidly than those using conventional scheduling schemes.
Two layers of overt untruthfulness: When irony meets metaphor, hyperbole or meiosis

This philosophical-pragmatic paper discusses several forms of irony which rest on other figures of speech contingent on overt untruthfulness, namely the figures arising as a result of flouting the first maxim of Quality. It is argued that an ironic implicature may be piggybacked on another implicature, called “as if implicature”, originating from flouting the first maxim of Quality occasioned by metaphor. Metaphorical irony, which is subject to the irony-after-metaphor order of interpretation, exhibits a number of manifestations depending on the nature and scope of irony, and the scope of the subordinate metaphor. On the other hand, rather than giving rise to an as if implicature distinct from the irony-based one, hyperbole and meiosis, which are inherently evaluative, most typically overlap with ironically evaluative expressions, promoting meiotic and hyperbolic irony, frequently (wrongly, as will be claimed here) considered by researchers to rely on flouting Quantity maxims. However, cases of independent use of hyperbole or meiosis in ironic environment are also possible. Such invite two levels of untruthfulness and two implicatures.
Subthreshold leakage power reduction in VLSI circuits: A survey

As technology enters into deep submicron regime, subthreshold leakage power increases exponentially and become a limiting factor in the performance of portable and battery operated electronic devices. To increase the life of battery and computational capacities of portable devices the reduction of power in standby/ sleep mode is evident. Now a day's power dissipation emerged as a major design constraint in the device miniaturization and integration of huge number of transistors. A detailed survey of alternative techniques to reduce subthreshold leakage power is presented in this paper.
On Agent-Based Modeling of Complex Systems: Learning and Bounded Rationality

This paper seeks to connect the literatures from artificial intelligence, economics, and cognitive science to make the case that not only is the notion of bounded optimality from the AI literature the right goal for agent design, it can also serve as a principled means for modeling boundedly rational agents in complex systems like economic markets. While appealing, this goal leaves open two critical questions. First, bounded optimality is defined over an expected set of problems the agent might face and it is not obvious what criterion to use for expected problems. Second, it will typically be impossible to design a provably boundedly optimal agent even given a set of expected problems, because the agent design problem itself is intractable. These problems become particularly important when agents must learn from their environments. In order to deal with these questions, we may need to abandon the formalism of mathematics and instead look towards the process of science and engineering. I argue that it is critical to evaluate agents in terms of the expected set of problems they would face if they were deployed in the real world, either in software or in hardware, and the agent programs we use for modeling should be the best known program for any given problem subject to the broader expected set of problems the algorithm might be expected to solve ‐ the algorithm we would choose to use if we had to hand over control of our own behavior in that domain to an artificial agent.
A Novel Ranking Framework for Linked Data from RDB

Web is evolving from a global information space of linked document to linked data, of which a critical source is from the structured data stored in RDB. More and more enterprises publish their RDB data into linked data and provide a simple browsing end point on it. However, this kind of browsers is usually lack of data organization and ranking, resulting in limited usability. In this paper, we want to investigate the problem of ranking linked data exposed from RDB. The relationships in this kind of data are usually deduced from mapping rules based on table schemas, except for the general feature that relationships are attached with different types. The feature determines that the ranking criteria in linked data sourcing from RDB will be different from other linked data sources, and also from document Web. We propose a novel ranking framework for solving the problem. The core idea is to group relationships by their types, then firstly rank the types, secondly rank the instances attaching to each type. More detail, we propose respective ranking criteria for each step by considering the mapping rules and heterogeneous graph structure of data Web, etc.
Improved message communication scheme in selective forwarding attack detection method

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have the security vulnerabilities caused by the limited capacity of sensor nodes. So, there are various defense schemes against attacks on the network layer. For example, there is a scheme for detecting compromised node while sensing data transmission from the source to the base station. The checkpoint based multi-hop acknowledgement scheme (CHEMAS) was proposed to detect the compromised nodes that perform a selective forwarding attack when sensing data transmission. In this scheme, unnecessary alert and alarm message are may be used excessively according to circumstances. In this paper, we propose a more effective alert and alarm message transmission procedure using the fallback path. For the establishment of fallback path, we assume that use multi-path construction protocol when network is initialized. In this regard, we have enhanced security intensity and improved the communication overhead. Simulation shows that the proposed method can obtain a higher detection ratio using less message transmission than the original method.
Social Media and Its Stark Influence on Society

This research paper discusses the full impact of social media on society, and whether these impacts are positive or negative, or even both. The research paper goes through several different aspects of the impact of social media, from interpersonal relationships and communication to familial relationships and youth behavior. I think if I had more time to develop the paper, I could have added more research about social media, like, for instance, their influence on an international, global level. Or perhaps I could have even discussed about social media in education, and its benefits.
Intrinsic Entropies of Log-Concave Distributions

The entropy of a random variable is well-known to equal the exponential growth rate of the volumes of its typical sets. In this paper, we show that for any log-concave random variable <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, the sequence of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lfloor n\theta \rfloor ^{\text {th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> intrinsic volumes of the typical sets of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in dimensions <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n \geq 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> grows exponentially with a well-defined rate. We denote this rate by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$h_{X}(\theta )$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and call it the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta ^{\text {th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> intrinsic entropy of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. We show that <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$h_{X}(\theta )$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is a continuous function of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> over the range [0, 1], thereby providing a smooth interpolation between the values 0 and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$h(X)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at the endpoints 0 and 1, respectively.
Cation-induced attachment of ciliary dynein cross-bridges

Isolated, demembranated Unio gill cilia that have been activated and fixed for thin-section electron microscopy in the presence of 2 mM MgSO4 have 87% of their outer dynein arms attached to an adjacent B subfiber. The distribution of attached arms is uniform with respect to doublet position in the cilium. When both 0.1 mM ATP and Mg++ are added to the activation and fixation solutions, the frequency of bridged arms is reduced to 48%. At the same time, the distribution of the attached arms appears to have been systematically modified with respect to doublet position and the active bend plane. Those doublet pairs positioned in the bend plane where interdoublet sliding is minimal retain a greater number of bridged arms than those doublet pairs positioned outside the bend plane where sliding is maximal. These observations imply a functional coupling of the Mg++-induced bridging of the dynein arms and the subsequent binding and hydrolysis of ATP that results in a force-generating cross-bridge cycle.
Computing weights for the German Longitudinal Election Study (GLES) 2009-2013

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Rubik's Dilemma: Partial Knowledge and the Efficacy of Learning

Does superior knowledge today engender enhanced learning and superior performance in the future? While popular managerial wisdom might typically answer in the affirmative, the strategy literature is circumspect, pointing to the benefits of knowledge for future performance, but also to costs such as competency traps and cognitive rigidities. We argue that opposing views on the implications of knowledge derive from the fact that knowledge has not one, but two mechanisms by which it alters future firm performance: an endowment effect because it enhances the efficacy with which new knowledge is accumulated, and a behavioral effect because it alters the search strategy a firm employs in seeking to build upon and supplement its prior knowledge. Consider a firm endowed with partial knowledge good answers to a subset of problems within a larger multi-dimensional problem. The firm naturally focuses its search on the dimensions of the problem for which it does not have solutions. Using a computational model, we exa.
Connotative space for music affective recommendation

In order to bridge the gap between objective levels of audio frequency characters and subject emotional rang inequality, and to avoid subjective feeling of the listener marked the emotion categories by music, this paper presents a connotative space for music affective recommendation. Using the semantic polar scale, the connotative space of music is shaped by musical strength, speed and intensity. We conduct experiments to verify the effectiveness of the proposed connotative space based on Kendall's tau on 10,672 music records. The experimental results show that the connotative space of music outperforms emotion label in music affective recommendation.
Transcriptional Analysis of Rickettsia prowazekii Invasion Gene Homolog (invA) during Host Cell Infection

An invasion gene homolog, invA, of Rickettsia prowazekii has recently been identified to encode a member of the Nudix hydrolase subfamily which acts specifically on dinucleoside oligophosphates (Np(n)N; n >/= 5), a group of cellular signaling molecules known as alarmones. InvA is thought to enhance intracellular survival by regulating stress-induced toxic nucleotide levels during rickettsial infection. To further characterize the physiological function of InvA, the gene expression pattern during various stages of rickettsial intracellular growth was investigated. Using semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and real-time fluorescent probe-based quantitative RT-PCR, a differential expression profile of invA during rickettsial host cell infection was examined. The invA transcript temporarily increased during the early period of infection. Expression of rickettsial groEL, a molecular indicator of cellular stresses, was also shown to be upregulated during the early period of infection. Furthermore, invA was cotranscribed in a polycistronic message with rrp, a gene encoding the response regulator protein homolog, which is a part of a two-component signal transduction system. These results support our earlier findings that under such stress conditions dinucleoside oligophosphate pyrophosphatase may function as a buffer, enhancing rickettsial survival within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell. The expression of rickettsial dinucleoside oligophosphate pyrophosphatase may be regulated by a part of the two-component signal transduction system similar to that described for response regulators in other bacterial systems.
Wiener Reconstruction of The Large Scale Structure

The formalism of Wiener filtering is developed here for the purpose of reconstructing the large-scale structure of the universe from noisy, sparse, and incomplete data. The method is based on a linear minimum variance solution, given data and an assumed prior model which specifies the covariance matrix of the held to be reconstructed While earlier applications of the Wiener filer have focused on estimation, namely suppressing the noise in the measured quantities, we extend the method here to perform both prediction and dynamical reconstruction. The Wiener filter is used to predict the values of unmeasured quantities, such as the density held in unsampled regions of space, or to deconvolve blurred data The method is developed, within the context of linear gravitational instability theory, to perform dynamical reconstruction of one held which is dynamically related to some other observed held. This is the case, for example, in the reconstruction of the real space galaxy distribution from its redshift distribution or the prediction of the radial velocity held from the observed density field.When the field to be reconstructed is a Gaussian random held, such as the primordial perturbation field predicted by the canonical model of cosmology, the Wiener filter can be pushed to its fullest potential. In such a case the Wiener estimator coincides with the Bayesian estimator designed to maximize the posterior probability. The Wiener filter can be also derived by assuming a quadratic regularization function, in analogy with the ''maximum entropy'' method. The mean field obtained by the minimal variance solution can be supplemented with constrained realizations of the Gaussian held to create random recitations of the residual from the mean.
Context-dependent roles of mutant B-Raf signaling in melanoma and colorectal carcinoma cell growth

Mutational activation of Ras and a key downstream effector of Ras, the B-Raf serine/threonine kinase, has been observed in melanomas and colorectal carcinomas. These observations suggest that inhibition of B-Raf activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK) and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase MAPK cascade may be an effective approach for the treatment of RAS and B-RAF mutation-positive melanomas and colon carcinomas. Although recent studies with interfering RNA (RNAi) and pharmacologic inhibitors support a critical role for B-Raf signaling in melanoma growth, whether mutant B-Raf has an equivalent role in promoting colorectal carcinoma growth has not been determined. In the present study, we used both RNAi and pharmacologic approaches to further assess the role of B-Raf activation in the growth of human melanomas and additionally determined if a similar role for mutant B-Raf is seen for colorectal carcinoma cell lines. We observed that RNAi suppression of mutant B-Raf(V600E) expression strongly suppressed the anchorage-dependent growth of B-RAF mutation-positive melanoma, but not colorectal carcinoma, cells. However, the anchorage-independent and tumorigenic growth of B-RAF mutation-positive colorectal carcinomas was dependent on mutant B-Raf function. Finally, pharmacologic inhibition of MEK and Raf was highly effective at inhibiting the growth of B-RAF mutation-positive melanomas and colorectal carcinoma cells, whereas inhibitors of other protein kinases activated by Ras (AKT, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, and p38 MAPK) were less effective. Our observations suggest that Raf and MEK inhibitors may be effective for the treatment of B-RAF mutation-positive colorectal carcinomas as well as melanomas. [Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6(8):2220–9]
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) News Media, Knowledge, and Political Interest: Evidence of a Dual Role From a Field Experiment

Political knowledge and political interest are generally positively influenced by news media exposure. Yet, at the same time, knowledge and interest are among the most important predictors of news media exposure in the first place. We conduct a field experiment ( N = 393) as a test of this dual function of knowledge and interest in a realistic news media choice setting. We examine whether preexisting interest and knowledge predict which individuals can be encouraged to read an unfamiliar information-rich newspaper, and if using this newspaper, in turn, has effects on interest and knowledge. Results show that interest and knowledge are predictors of compliance in the experiment. While political knowledge shows some response to the additional news exposure, interest remains stable.
Error repair in shift-reduce parsers

Local error repair of strings during CFG parsing requires the insertion and deletion of symbols in the region of a syntax error to produce a string that is error free. Rather than precalculating tables at parser generation time to assist in finding such repairs, this article shows how such repairs can be found during shift-reduce parsing by using the parsing tables themselves. This results in a substantial space saving over methods that require precalculated tables. Furthermore, the article shows how the method can be integrated with lookahead to avoid finding repairs that immediately result in further syntax errors. The article presents the results of experiments on a version of the LALR(1)-based parser generator Bison to which the algorithm was added.