Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enrichment and dynamics of novel syntrophs in a methanogenic hexadecane-degrading culture from a Chinese oilfield.

Methanogenic communities that degrade alkanes have been reported. However, little is known about the key players involved in the process. Methanogenic hexadecane-degrading consortia were enriched from an oilfield (Shengli, China). The microbial dynamics during the transfer incubations were monitored using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) fingerprinting of 16S rRNA genes in combination with cloning and sequencing. The archaeal community shifted from a predominance of aceticlastic Methanosaeta during early cultivation to a substantial increase in hydrogenotrophic Methanoculleus in the highly enriched culture. Bacterial T-RFs 161 and 164 bp were consistently detected during the incubation and became dominant in the highly enriched culture. T-RF 161 bp primarily represented uncultured Waste Water of Evry 1 bacterium, which was possibly associated with Candidatus Cloacamonas acidaminovorans (99.7% sequence similarity). T-RF 164 bp could be assigned to both Thermotogaceae, with the closest relative being Candidatus Mesotoga sulfurreducens (similarity of 97%) and Syntrophaceae, with Smithella propionica as the closest relative (similarity of 96-97%). These bacterial lineages were potentially capable of syntrophic interactions with methanogen partners during hexadecane degradation. Partial assA genes (encoding the α-subunit of alkylsuccinate synthase) were also detected, implying that the mechanism of fumarate addition may function in the hexadecane activation.
Composite Replacement of Amalgam Restoration Versus Freshly Cut Dentin: An In Vitro Microleakage Comparison.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of the composite restorations when bonded to tooth structure previously restored with amalgam material compared with that of freshly cut dentin. METHODS AND MATERIALS Thirty intact, extracted intact human molars were mounted in autopolymerizing acrylic resin. Class II box preparations were prepared on the occluso-proximal surfaces of each tooth (4-mm bucco-lingual width and 2-mm mesio-distal depth) with the gingival cavosurface margin 1 mm above the CEJ. Each cavity was then restored using high copper amalgam restoration (Disperalloy, Dentsply) and then thermocycled for 10,000 thermal cycles. Twenty-five of the amalgam restorations were then carefully removed and replaced with Filtek Supreme Ultra Universal (3M ESPE); the remaining five were used for scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis. A preparation of the same dimensions was performed on the opposite surface of the tooth and restored with composite resin and thermocycled for 5000 thermal cycles. Twenty samples were randomly selected for dye penetration testing using silver nitrate staining to detect the microleakage. The specimens were analyzed with a stereomicroscope at a magnification of 20×. All of the measurements were done in micrometers; two readings were taken for each cavity at the occlusal and proximal margins. Two measurements were taken using a 0-3 scale and the percentage measurements. RESULTS Corrosion products were not detected in either group (fresh cut dentin and teeth previously restored with amalgam). No statistically significant difference was found between the microleakage of the two groups using a 0-3 scale at the occlusal margins (McNemar test, p=0.727) or proximal margins (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p=0.174). No significance difference was found between the two groups using the percentage measurements and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test at either the occlusal (p=0.675) or proximal (p=0.513) margins. However, marginal microleakage was statistically significant between the proximal and occlusal margins (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this in vitro study, no significant difference was found between the microleakage of nondiscolored dentin in teeth that were previously restored with amalgam compared with freshly cut dentin. However, marginal microleakage in the proximal surface was higher than that in the occlusal surface.
Papulopustular rosacea and rosacea‐like demodicosis: two phenotypes of the same disease?

Papulopustular rosacea and rosacea‐like demodicosis have numerous similarities, but they are generally considered as two distinct entities, mainly because the causal role of the Demodex mite in the development of rosacea is not yet widely accepted. Several clinical characteristics are traditionally considered to differentiate the two conditions; for example, papulopustular rosacea is typically characterized by central facial papulopustules and persistent erythema, whereas small superficial papulopustules and follicular scales rather suggest rosacea‐like demodicosis. However, none of these characteristics is exclusive to either entity.
Human Iron−Sulfur Cluster Assembly, Cellular Iron Homeostasis, and Disease†

Iron−sulfur (Fe−S) proteins contain prosthetic groups consisting of two or more iron atoms bridged by sulfur ligands, which facilitate multiple functions, including redox activity, enzymatic function, and maintenance of structural integrity. More than 20 proteins are involved in the biosynthesis of iron−sulfur clusters in eukaryotes. Defective Fe−S cluster synthesis not only affects activities of many iron−sulfur enzymes, such as aconitase and succinate dehydrogenase, but also alters the regulation of cellular iron homeostasis, causing both mitochondrial iron overload and cytosolic iron deficiency. In this work, we review human Fe−S cluster biogenesis and human diseases that are caused by defective Fe−S cluster biogenesis. Fe−S cluster biogenesis takes place essentially in every tissue of humans, and products of human disease genes, including frataxin, GLRX5, ISCU, and ABCB7, have important roles in the process. However, the human diseases, Friedreich ataxia, glutaredoxin 5-deficient sideroblastic anemia, ISCU myopathy, and ABCB7 sideroblastic anemia/ataxia syndrome, affect specific tissues, while sparing others. Here we discuss the phenotypes caused by mutations in these different disease genes, and we compare the underlying pathophysiology and discuss the possible explanations for tissue-specific pathology in these diseases caused by defective Fe−S cluster biogenesis.
Visible spatial frequency domain imaging with a digital light microprojector

Abstract. There is a need for cost effective, quantitative tissue spectroscopy and imaging systems in clinical diagnostics and pre-clinical biomedical research. A platform that utilizes a commercially available light-emitting diode (LED) based projector, cameras, and scaled Monte Carlo model for calculating tissue optical properties is presented. These components are put together to perform spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI), a model-based reflectance technique that measures and maps absorption coefficients (μa) and reduced scattering coefficients (μs′) in thick tissue such as skin or brain. We validate the performance of the flexible LED and modulation element (FLaME) system at 460, 530, and 632 nm across a range of physiologically relevant μa values (0.07 to 1.5 mm−1) in tissue-simulating intralipid phantoms, showing an overall accuracy within 11% of spectrophotometer values for μa and 3% for μs′. Comparison of oxy- and total hemoglobin fits between the FLaME system and a spectrophotometer (450 to 1000 nm) is differed by 3%. Finally, we acquire optical property maps of a mouse brain in vivo with and without an overlying saline well. These results demonstrate the potential of FLaME to perform tissue optical property mapping in visible spectral regions and highlight how the optical clearing effect of saline is correlated to a decrease in μs′ of the skull.
Verbal test of practical judgment (VPJ): a new test of judgment that predicts functional skills for older adults

ABSTRACT Objectives: The clinical assessment of older adults’ judgment is important for mitigating safety risks that often precipitate loss of independence. Our national survey of geriatric healthcare providers (N = 496; M years of experience = 17.11 ± 10.60) indicated that formal judgment tests are underutilized in clinical practice. We developed the Verbal Test of Practical Judgment (VPJ) as a new test of judgment for older adults intended to identify difficulty performing instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Method: In two prospective studies, participants were long-term care facility residents (age ≥ 50) in Maryland, USA (Study 1, N = 51; Study 2, N = 110) referred to licensed psychologists for neuro-cognitive and mood evaluation by facility attending physicians. Psychometric analyses were performed to examine the construct validity of the VPJ. Results: The VPJ evidenced adequate reliability and strong construct validity across both studies. Receiver operating characteristic analysis yielded an optimal VPJ cut score for identifying impaired judgment. The VPJ significantly predicted IADL performance beyond clinician and participant ratings. Conclusion: The VPJ appears to be a valid tool for assessing judgment among older adults with suspected cognitive impairment. VPJ score inferences can inform clinicians on the odds of requiring assistance for specific IADLs.
Mixed Swarms of the Molecular M and S Forms of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) in Sympatric Area from Burkina Faso

Abstract The M and S molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto Giles are thought to be reproductively isolated through premating barriers. However, the exact mechanisms of recognition of conspecific partners are unknown. Because mating in An. gambiae occurs in swarms, one might expect swarming behavior between the M and S forms to be different and that this probably reduces the risk of contact between males and females of the different forms in areas where they are sympatric. We report the occurrence of four mixed swarms, containing males of M and S forms, out of a total of 26 swarms sampled in Soumousso, a typical savannah village of Burkina Faso, West Africa. However, the frequency of mixed swarms was lower than that expected by chance. This observation suggests partial segregation between the swarms of the molecular forms, which may contribute to their isolation. Because the frequency of mixed swarms seems too high to explain the low frequency of cross-mating and hybrids, we suggest that mate recognition in a swarm is more important than swarm segregation.
Signal-Averaged Electrocardiography COMMITTEE MEMBERS

The present document is an expert consensus. This type of document is intended to inform practitioners, payers and other interested parties of the opinion of the American College of Cardiology (ACC) concerning evolving areas of clinical practice and/or technologies that are widely available or are new to the practice community. Topics chosen for coverage by Expert Consensus Documents are so designated because some or all of the evidence base and experience with the technology or clinical practice are not sufficiently well developed to be evaluated by the formal ACC/AHA Practice Guidelines process. Thus, the reader should view the Expert Consensus Documents as the best attempt of the ACC to inform and guide clinical practice in areas in which rigorous evidence is not yet available. Where feasible, Expert Consensus Documents will include indications and contraindications. Some topics covered by Expert Consensus Documents will be addressed subsequently by the ACC/AHA Practice Guidelines process. Topics for clinical practice guidelines and technology assessments are chosen by the ACC Technology and Practice Executive Committee (TPEC) on the basis of input solicited from ACCmembership and leadership, other medical specialty societies, government and the health care industry. This committee, in its biannually updated Master Plan, selects and prioritizes appropriate topics, determines the optimal document type (i.e., Practice Guidelines, Expert Consensus Document or Policy Statement) and identifies the specific ACC committee that will take principal responsibility for forming the writing group. On approval of the Master Plan by the ACC Board of Trustees, the TPEC assigns each Expert Consensus Topic to an ACC committee chair, who submits a proposed writing group that includes content experts, clinician generalists and clinicians with health service research expertise. The draft of each Expert Consensus Document is evaluated by at least three external anonymous reviewers and revised as necessary before submission for TPEC approval. Of these documents, only those that pass the biannual TPEC review process are submitted to the ACC Board of Trustees for final review and approval. The writing group for this Expert Consensus Document on signal-averaged electrocardiography was Michael E. Cain, MD, Chair, Jeffrey L. Anderson, MD, Morton F. Arnsdorf, MD, Jay W. Mason, MD, Melvin M. Scheinman, MD and Albert L. Waldo, MD.
Dry Eye Management: Targeting the Ocular Surface Microenvironment

Dry eye can damage the ocular surface and result in mild corneal epithelial defect to blinding corneal pannus formation and squamous metaplasia. Significant progress in the treatment of dry eye has been made in the last two decades; progressing from lubricating and hydrating the ocular surface with artificial tear to stimulating tear secretion; anti-inflammation and immune regulation. With the increase in knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of dry eye, we propose in this review the concept of ocular surface microenvironment. Various components of the microenvironment contribute to the homeostasis of ocular surface. Compromise in one or more components can result in homeostasis disruption of ocular surface leading to dry eye disease. Complete evaluation of the microenvironment component changes in dry eye patients will not only lead to appropriate diagnosis, but also guide in timely and effective clinical management. Successful treatment of dry eye should be aimed to restore the homeostasis of the ocular surface microenvironment.
The Next Generation of Cervical Cancer Screening: Should Guidelines Focus on Best Practices for the Future or Current Screening Capacity?

From approximately 1950 2000, cervical cancers were prevented by using cytology (Pap tests), clinician-collected samples of cervical cells that used microscopic evaluation to detect precancerous changes, allowing treatment before the development of can- cer. Population-wide screening at 1- to 3-year intervals with cytology led to dramatic declines in cervical cancer rates, and cy- tology has been touted as one of the most effective cancer prevention measures to date. However, the discovery that human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for nearly all cases of cervical cancer, and the subsequent advent of HPV vaccination and HPV testing has the potential to revolutionize cervical cancer prevention.IntheUnited States, both cytology and HPV testing are currently available for screening women. However, these tests perform very differently. Cytology can be thought of as an analysis of the cervix in its current state. Cells are removed and deemed either positive or negative for the possible presence of precancer. Cytology has low population, and the most effective use of resources in context of escalating healthcare costs. 42
Students' Perceptions on an Interprofessional Ward Round Training – A Qualitative Pilot Study

Introduction: Ward rounds are an essential activity for interprofessional teams in hospital settings and represent complex tasks requiring not only medical knowledge but also communication skills, clinical technical skills, patient management skills and team-work skills. The present study aimed to analyse final year students’, nurses’ as well as physiotherapists’ views on a simulation-based interprofessional ward round training. Methods: In two successive passes a total number of 29 final year students, nursing students and physiotherapy students (16 in the first run, 13 in the second) volunteered to participate in two standardized patient ward round scenarios: (1) patient with myocardial infarction, and (2) patient with poorly controlled diabetes. Views on the interprofessional ward round training were assessed using focus groups. Results: Focus group based feedback contained two main categories (A) ward round training benefits and (B) difficulties. Positive aspects enfolded course preparation, setting of the training, the involvement of the participants during training and the positive learning atmosphere. Difficulties were seen in the flawed atmosphere and realization of ward rounds in the daily clinical setting with respect to inter-professional aspects, and course benefit for the different professional groups. Conclusion: The presented inter-professional ward round training represents a well received and valuable model of interprofessional learning. Further research should assess its effectiveness, processes of interprofessional interplay and transfer into clinical practice.
Techniques for Interference Mitigation Using Cooperative Resource Partitioning in Multitier LTE HetNets

Almost blank subframes (ABSs) have been proposed in the literature as a means to provide interference-free resources to mobile users. The use of ABS becomes inevitable in LTE heterogeneous cellular networks because of severe interference to small cells. Picocell edge users are typically the victims because of high interference exposure from macrocell tier. In case of hotspots with high-user density, picocells cannot provide coverage to the entire hotspot, thus forming a dense ring of macrocell users around picocells. These macrocell users are highly affected by picocell tier and hence should also be considered as victim users (VUEs). We propose that to protect these macrocell VUEs, macrocells and picocells should operate in a cooperative manner, such that not only macrocells should use ABS, but picocells should also use ABS to provide interference-free resources. We also introduce the concept of universal blanking pattern to coordinate among various base stations. We propose two methods for joint ABS density calculation for macrocells and picocells—bitrate utility-based optimization and physical resource block (PRB) allocation ratio-based formulation. Users with different bitrate demands are considered generating more realistic simulation scenarios. Exhaustive simulations illustrate that the proposed schemes offer significant improvement in VUE throughput as well as overall system throughput.
The aldehyde group of gossypol induces mitochondrial apoptosis via ROS-SIRT1-p53-PUMA pathway in male germline stem cell

As a widely grown economic crop, cotton is the major oil and protein resource for human and livestock. But the highly toxic of gossypol in cottonseed severely restricts its effective utilization, consequently creating huge resource waste. Previous studies have shown the male germline stem cells were the most vulnerable cells in gossypol damages, but the mechanism was still unclear. We found gossypol induced cell viability decline resulted from apoptosis. And the increase of Caspase-9 activity in gossypol treatment hinted the mitochondrial apoptosis. So the mitochondrial dysfunction was confirmed by the decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP concentration. We found the higher intracellular H2O2 level did not accompany with the O2·- associated increase in gossypol-treated, which indicated that gossypol obstructed the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) elimination. Manipulated gossypol-induced H2O2 level by H2O2 and α-lipoic acid, we demonstrated that the mitochondrial dysfunction resulted from the excessive intracellular H2O2. Treated with Apogossypolone (ApoG2), an aldehyde group removed derivative of gossypol, the GSH/GSSG ratio and H2O2 did not decrease. ApoG2 also did not cause the mitochondrial apoptosis. So the aldehyde group is key factor in gossypol cytotoxicity. We respectively detected the NAD+/NADH ratio, SIRT1 activity, the relative protein level and apoptosis. Comparing with the specific inhibitors groups, the data illustrated that gossypol induced apoptosis through SIRT1-P53-PUMA pathway. This study helped to overcome barriers of gossypol cytotoxicity, which is crucial in feed and food use of cottonseed. This also provides a reference for the gossypol derivatives using in male contraception and anticancer.
Positive‐Feedback Regulation of Subchondral H‐Type Vessel Formation by Chondrocyte Promotes Osteoarthritis Development in Mice

Vascular‐invasion‐mediated interactions between activated articular chondrocytes and subchondral bone are essential for osteoarthritis (OA) development. Here, we determined the role of nutrient sensing mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in the crosstalk across the bone cartilage interface and its regulatory mechanisms. Then mice with chondrocyte‐specific mTORC1 activation (Tsc1 CKO and Tsc1 CKOER) or inhibition (Raptor CKOER) and their littermate controls were subjected to OA induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) or not. DMM or Tsc1 CKO mice were treated with bevacizumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐A antibody that blocks angiogenesis. Articular cartilage degeneration was evaluated using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International score. Immunostaining and Western blotting were conducted to detect H‐type vessels and protein levels in mice. Primary chondrocytes from mutant mice and ADTC5 cells were treated with interleukin‐1β to investigate the role of chondrocyte mTORC1 in VEGF‐A secretion and in vitro vascular formation. Clearly, H‐type vessels were increased in subchondral bone in DMM‐induced OA and aged mice. Cartilage mTORC1 activation stimulated VEGF‐A production in articular chondrocyte and H‐type vessel formation in subchondral bone. Chondrocyte mTORC1 promoted OA partially through formation of VEGF‐A–stimulated subchondral H‐type vessels. In particular, vascular‐derived nutrients activated chondrocyte mTORC1, and stimulated chondrocyte activation and production of VEGF, resulting in further angiogenesis in subchondral bone. Thus a positive‐feedback regulation of H‐type vessel formation in subchondral bone by articular chondrocyte nutrient‐sensing mTORC1 signaling is essential for the pathogenesis and progression of OA. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
An incentive compatible reputation mechanism

Traditional centralized approaches to security are difficult to apply to large, distributed marketplaces in which software agents operate. Developing a notion of trust that is based on the reputation of agents can provide a softer notion of security that is sufficient for many multi-agent applications. We address the issue of incentive-compatibility (i.e. how to make it optimal for agents to share reputation information truthfully), by introducing a side-payment scheme, organized through a set of broker agents, that makes it rational for software agents to truthfully share the reputation information they have acquired in their past experience. We also show how to use a cryptographic mechanism to protect the integrity of reputation information and to achieve a tight bounding between the identity and reputation of an agent.