Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyzing preschoolers’ overgeneralizations of object labeling in the process of mother‐tongue acquisition in Turkey

Language, as is known, is acquired under certain conditions: rapid and sequential brain maturation and cognitive development, the need to exchange information and to control others’ actions, and an exposure to appropriate speech input. This research aims at analyzing preschoolers’ overgeneralizations of the object labeling process in different categories in terms of age and gender. In this research, preschoolers’ responses in overgeneralizations of the object labeling process of ‘clothes’, ‘sports’ and ‘ground vehicles’ was found non‐significant in respect of their gender, while preschoolers’ responses in overgeneralizations of the object labeling process of ‘clothes’, ‘sports’ and ‘ground vehicles’ was found significant in respect of their age.
Maltrato Entre Escolares (Bullying): Estrategias de Manejo que Implementan los Profesores al Interior del Establecimiento Escolar

Esta investigacion tuvo como objetivo conocer e identificar las estrategias que los profesores de ensenanza basica, que se desempenan en 6o, 7o y 8o ano, implementan para el manejo de situaciones de maltrato escolar entre pares. Los colegios seleccionados pertenecen a la comuna de Santiago Centro. El estudio se realizo a traves de un diseno cualitativo de investigacion, aplicando el enfoque de la Grounded Theory. Como tecnicas de recoleccion de datos se utilizaron focus group y entrevistas individuales semi-estructuradas, tanto a profesores como a alumnos. La muestra quedo conformada por un total de 34 participantes. Los resultados principales permitieron describir e identificar que las estrategias resolutivas con caracteristicas educativas inciden directamente en la promocion de climas escolares positivos y constructivos.
Students’ Inherent Characteristics as Correlates of Academic Performance in Mathematics Education in Enugu State, Nigeria

The purpose of this study is to look at student inherent characteristics (gender and age) as correlate to academic performance in mathematics education. To carry out this, two research questions and one null hypothesis were stated. The correlation survey design was adopted for this study. The study analyzed data collected from two hundred students randomly drawn from two selected secondary schools in Enugu metropolis. The statistical tools employed to analyze the data collected were descriptive and inferential statistics while t-test statistics was used to test the null hypothesis. The results among other things revealed that no significant relationship exists between the students’ inherent characteristics and their academic performance. Some suggestions and recommendations were given in the light of the research findings DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014. v5n26p93
Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis for genotyping of Shigella sonnei strains isolated from pediatric patients

Aim: The aims of this study were to characterize Iranian Shigella sonnei strains isolated from pediatric cases and evaluate the utility of multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) for genotyping of local S. sonnei strains. Background: S. sonnei has become the dominant species in certain parts of Iran. Although PFGE is still a gold standard for genotyping and source tracking of food-borne pathogens, it is laborious, expensive, time-consuming, and often difficult to interpret. However, MLVA is a PCR-based method, which is rapid, relatively inexpensive and easy to perform. Patients and methods: A total of 47 S. sonnei isolates were obtained from sporadic cases of pediatric shigellosis in Tehran, Iran, during the years 2002-2003 (n=10) and 2008-2010 (n=37). The patients suffered from acute diarrhea and had evidence of more than three episodes of watery, loose, or bloody stools per day. A MLVA scheme based on 7 VNTR loci was established to assess the diversity of 47 S. sonnei isolates. Results: Based on the results, it was clear that the S. sonnei isolates were heterogeneous. Overall, 47 S. sonnei isolates were discriminated into 21 different genotypes. Analysis of the MLVA profiles using a minimum spanning tree (MST) algorithm showed the usefulness of the MLVA assay in discriminating S. sonnei isolates collected over different time periods. However, no correlation was found between the MLVA genotypes and age, gender or clinical symptoms of the patients. Conclusion: It is assumed that our S. sonnei isolates are derived from a limited number of clones that undergo minor genetic changes in the course of time. The present study has provided some valuable insights into the genetic relatedness of S. sonnei in Tehran, Iran.
Reply on Lee et al., Tight orbit syndrome: a previously unrecognized cause of open‐angle glaucoma

Editor, W e read with interest the article ‘Tight orbit syndrome: a previously unrecognized cause of openangle glaucoma,’ by Lee et al. (2010). The authors have described their observation with some patients characterized by the tight eyelids pressing firmly against the globe, limiting globe exposure during tonometry, gonioscopy and surgery, and intractable glaucoma with a poor visual prognosis, and defined as tight orbit syndrome. We appreciate the effect of eyelid on intraocular pressure (IOP) when the eyelid is squeezed by the patient or it is pressed against the globe by examiner. The authors reported six patients (two Asian, four Caucasian) with tight eyelid and intractable glaucoma, but they demonstrated the normalization of the IOP after canthotomy and decompression surgery following Ahmed implant surgery in only one case of them. They also measured the orbital volume in three cases, but the measurements were not conclusive. Therefore, we don’t think they defined ‘tight orbital syndrome’ precisely. We propose racial and individual variability of eyelid tension considered to define ‘tight orbital syndrome’. Yuzuriha et al. (2000) reported that a robust ligamentous structure was observed in 46% of Japanese and it determined puffier eyelids and a narrower palpebral fissure in the Asian eye. We also observe many Asian patients who have very narrow palpebral fissure and thick eyelid, and it makes us feel difficulty to measure IOP in clinics. Because most of them are not related to high IOP, the term ‘tight eyelid’ should be defined more clearly. We also suggest the orbital measurements, such as exophthalmometry and axial length of globes, should be included to explain the eyelid tension. Because the orbital volume in this study was estimated for bony orbit, it doesn’t reflect the relationship between the globe and the eyelid. Exophthalmometry would be the one of most important measurements for explaining the relationship. We believe thoughtful consideration for racial and individual variability of eyelid tension, orbital examination measures affecting eyelid tension, and the evidence suggesting the normalization of IOP by reducing the eyelid tension by surgery are needed to define the new disease entity.
Emotional Gratification in Entertainment Experience. Why Viewers of Movies and Television Series Find it Rewarding to Experience Emotions

This article presents four studies designed to assess different types of gratifications that can be associated with the experience of emotions in movie and television audiences. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of a pool of statements derived from qualitative interviews revealed three factors that reflect rewarding feelings: 1) fun, 2) thrill, and 3) empathic sadness, and four factors that reflect the role of emotional media experiences within the broader context of individuals' social and cognitive needs: 4) contemplative emotional experiences, 5) emotional engagement with characters, 6) social sharing of emotions, and 7) vicarious release of emotions. Validation analyses showed that the scales developed to assess these factors are predicted by the experience of emotions and meta-emotions and served in turn to predict different aspects of positive content evaluation. Results are discussed with regard to theoretical issues including entertainment audiences' voluntary exposure to unpleasant feelings, and the role of entertainment in psychosocial need satisfaction and eudaimonic wellbeing.
A Study of Covert Narcissism in Adolescent Internet Addiction : Relationship to Anonymity, Presence, Interactivity, and Achievement Motivation

Objectives:This study compared covert narcissistic propensity in adolescents with internet addiction tendency to normal adolescents. Further, we investigated the correlation between such propensities and anonymity in cyberspace, presence feeling and interactivity in internet gaming, and achievement motivation in adolescents with internet addiction tendencies. Methods:Male middle school students with internet addiction tendencies (Addiction Tendency Group, N=27) and normal stu- dents (Control Group, N=29) were recruited. The scale of internet use, Covert Narcissism Scale, scale of achievement motiva- tion, scale of anonymity in cyberspace, scale of presence feeling in internet games, and the scale of interactivity in internet games were administered. A comparison of the average scores and correlation analyses were performed. Results:1) Compared with Control Group, the Addiction Tendency Group showed significantly higher scores on all subscales of the Covert Narcissism Scale, and both the scale of presence feeling and that of interactivity in internet games. Further, the score on the scale of achievement motivation for the Addiction Tendency Group was significantly lower than that of the Control Group. 2) In the Addiction Tendency Group, the scores on several subscales of the Covert Narcissism Scale were significantly positively correlated with the scores on the scale of presence feeling in internet games, anonymity in cyberspace, and interac- tivity in internet games. However, in the Control Group, the scores of several subscales on the Covert Narcissism Scale were sig- nificantly negatively correlated with the score on the scale of achievement motivation, and was significantly positively correlat - ed with the score on the scale of interactivity in internet games. There were no other significant correlations between the scores on the subscales of the Covert Narcissism Scale and the scores of either presence feeling in internet games or anonymity in cy- berspace.
Adaptive Fault Tolerance in Real Time Cloud Computing

With the increasing demand and benefits ofcloud computing infrastructure, real time computing can beperformed on cloud infrastructure. A real time system cantake advantage of intensive computing capabilities andscalable virtualized environment of cloud computing toexecute real time tasks. In most of the real time cloudapplications, processing is done on remote cloud computingnodes. So there are more chances of errors, due to theundetermined latency and loose control over computingnode. On the other side, most of the real time systems arealso safety critical and should be highly reliable. So there isan increased requirement for fault tolerance to achievereliability for the real time computing on cloudinfrastructure. In this paper, a fault tolerance model for realtime cloud computing is proposed. In the proposed model,the system tolerates the faults and makes the decision on thebasis of reliability of the processing nodes, i.e. virtualmachines. The reliability of the virtual machines is adaptive,which changes after every computing cycle. If a virtualmachine manages to produce a correct result within the timelimit, its reliability increases. And
Secure gossiping techniques and components

Gossip protocols have proved to be a viable solution to set-up and manage largescale P2P services or applications in a fully decentralised scenario. The gossip or epidemic communication scheme is heavily based on stochastic behaviors and it is the fundamental idea behind many large-scale P2P protocols. It provides many remarkable features, such as scalability, robustness to failures, emergent load balancing capabilities, fast spreading, and redundancy of information. In some sense, these services or protocols mimic natural system behaviors in order to achieve their goals. The key idea of this work is that the remarkable properties of gossip hold when all the participants follow the rules dictated by the actual protocols. If one or more malicious nodes join the network and start cheating according to some strategy, the result can be catastrophic. In order to study how serious the threat posed by malicious nodes can be and what can be done to prevent attackers from cheating, we focused on a general attack model aimed to defeat a key service in gossip overlay networks (the Peer Sampling Service [JGKvS04]). We also focused on the problem of protecting against forged information exchanged in gossip services. We propose a solution technique for each problem; both techniques are general enough to be applied to distinct service implementations. As gossip protocols, our solutions are based on stochastic behavior and are fully decentralized. In addition, each technique’s behaviour is abstracted by a general primitive function extending the basic gossip scheme; this approach allows the adoptions of our solutions with minimal changes in different scenarios. We provide an extensive experimental evaluation to support the effectiveness of our techniques. Basically, these techniques aim to be building blocks or P2P architecture guidelines in building more resilient and more secure P2P services.
SALIVARY TESTOSTERONE: RELATIONSHIP TO UNBOUND PLASMA TESTOSTERONE IN NORMAL AND HYPERANDROGENIC WOMEN

A sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to measure salivary testosterone levels in normal women, in patients with polycystic ovaries (PCO), and in women with hirsutism. There was a highly significant correlation (r= 0·79, P<0·001) between the concentration of testosterone in saliva [12·3 ± 7·8 (SD) pg/ml] and the concentration of unbound testosterone in plasma (5·2 ± 3·1 pg/ml) in matched samples collected from 56 women including normals, patients with clinical signs of hyperandrogenism, and women treated with a combination of cyproterone acetate (CA) and ethinyl oestradiol (EE). The unbound plasma testosterone was measured in the dialysate directly using a sensitive RIA. Salivary and plasma testosterone levels in patients with PCO (20·6 ± 8·5 and 626 ± 187 pg/ml respectively, n= 14) and in those with hirsutism (13·9 ± 5·6 and 421 ± 170 pg/ml, n= 30) were significantly higher (P<0·001) than levels in normal women (7·7 ± 2·6 and 196 ± 68 pg/ml, n= 36). Treatment for 3 months with CA and EE resulted in a decrease (mean 68%) in salivary testosterone levels in all patients studied (n= 15), but the suppression of plasma testosterone (mean 34%) was not observed in all cases. It is concluded that measurement of salivary testosterone gives a useful indication of levels of biologically available androgen in hyperandrogenic women, before and during CA/EE therapy.
GAD65 haplodeficiency conveys resilience in animal models of stress-induced psychopathology

GABAergic mechanisms are critically involved in the control of fear and anxiety, but their role in the development of stress-induced psychopathologies, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mood disorders is not sufficiently understood. We studied these functions in two established mouse models of risk factors for stress-induced psychopathologies employing variable juvenile stress and/or social isolation. A battery of emotional tests in adulthood revealed the induction of contextually generalized fear, anxiety, hyperarousal and depression-like symptoms in these paradigms. These reflect the multitude and complexity of stress effects in human PTSD patients. With factor analysis we were able to identify parameters that reflect these different behavioral domains in stressed animals and thus provide a basis for an integrated scoring of affectedness more closely resembling the clinical situation than isolated parameters. To test the applicability of these models to genetic approaches we further tested the role of GABA using heterozygous mice with targeted mutation of the GABA synthesizing enzyme GAD65 [GAD65(+/−) mice], which show a delayed postnatal increase in tissue GABA content in limbic and cortical brain areas. Unexpectedly, GAD65(+/−) mice did not show changes in exploratory activity regardless of the stressor type and were after the variable juvenile stress procedure protected from the development of contextual generalization in an auditory fear conditioning experiment. Our data demonstrate the complex nature of behavioral alterations in rodent models of stress-related psychopathologies and suggest that GAD65 haplodeficiency, likely through its effect on the postnatal maturation of GABAergic transmission, conveys resilience to some of these stress-induced effects.
Sibling relationships in adolescence: Learning and growing together

fit this article, I discuss the reasons for my interest in sibling relationships, and showcase studies on sibling relationships in adolescence carried out with my colleagues and students, in the context of the broader literature on sibling relationships. Our studies have focused on a number of important issues concerned with sibling relationships. First, I report on the associations between sibling relationships and other family relationships and the ways that the various family relationships affect each other. Second, I report a study of sibling relationships in the context of parental separation and divorce and show that sibling relationships in these families are more likely to be high in both warmth and hostility than is true for relationships in 2-parent families. Third, I report on several data sets showing an association between the quality of sibling relationships and adolescent adjustment and the link between differential parenting, adolescent adjustment, and the quality of the sibling relationship. Fourth, I report on a study of comparison and competition in sibling relationships and the associations between sibling relationship quality and reactions to being outperformed by a sibling. Finally, I discuss possible future directions for research on sibling relationships, including the importance of multimethod studies and a longitudinal perspective.
Doxycycline alters the expression of inflammatory and immune-related cytokines and chemokines in human endometrial cells: implication in irregular uterine bleeding.

BACKGROUND Increased production of pro-inflammatory mediators is considered central in the manifestation of events leading to irregular uterine bleeding in progestin-only contraceptive users. Evidence suggests that in addition to its antimicrobial property, doxycycline (Dox) acts as an anti-inflammatory agent mainly through the suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators. METHODS We tested this hypothesis in the endometrial environment using an in vitro model consisting of isolated human endometrial glandular epithelial and stromal cells and a human endometrial surface (HES) epithelial cell line cultured under defined conditions. RESULTS We found that Dox at doses ranging from 1 to 100 microg/ml had a limited growth-inhibitory effect on these cells, whereas Dox in a dose-dependent manner inhibited the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Using multiplex cytokine/chemokine protein analysis to test a broader range of Dox activity, we found that Dox at 25 microg/ml either alone or in the presence of 17beta-estradiol (E2), medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and E2+MPA (10(-8) M) as well as TNF-alpha (25 ng/ml), representing the endometrial environment exposed to contraceptives as well as inflammatory conditions, respectively, altered the production of multiple cytokines and chemokines as compared with untreated controls. These actions of Dox occurred in cell-, ovarian steroid- and cytokine/chemokine-dependent manners. Although Dox reduced the regulatory action of steroids on the production of these cytokines/chemokines, it was less effective on TNF-alpha-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS The results support the hypothesis that Dox, by modulating the endometrial expression of multiple inflammatory-related cytokines/chemokines in a cell- and cytokine/chemokine-dependent manner, may have a therapeutic potential in patients experiencing irregular uterine bleeding, in particular in progestin-dominant contraceptive users.
Long Noncoding RNA H19 Inhibits Cell Viability, Migration, and Invasion Via Downregulation of IRS-1 in Thyroid Cancer Cells

Thyroid cancer is a common endocrine gland malignancy which exhibited rapid increased incidence worldwide in recent decades. This study was aimed to investigate the role of long noncoding RNA H19 in thyroid cancer. Long noncoding RNA H19 was overexpressed or knockdown in thyroid cancer cells SW579 and TPC-1, and the expression of long noncoding RNA H19 was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The cell viability, migration, and invasion were determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay, Transwell assay, and wound healing assay, respectively. Furthermore, cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, and expressions of some factors that were related to phosphatidyl inositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B and nuclear factor κB signal pathway were measured by Western blotting. This study revealed that cell viability and migration/invasion of SW579 and TPC-1 were significantly decreased by long noncoding RNA H19 overexpression compared with the control group (P < .05), whereas cell apoptosis was statistically increased (P < .001). Meanwhile, cell viability and migration/invasion were significantly increased after long noncoding RNA H19 knockdown (P < .05). Furthermore, long noncoding RNA H19 negatively regulated the expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 and thus effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Insulin receptor substrate 1 regulated the activation of phosphatidyl inositide 3-kinases/AKT and nuclear factor κB signal pathways. In conclusion, long noncoding RNA H19 could suppress cell viability, migration, and invasion via downregulation of insulin receptor substrate 1 in SW579 and TPC-1 cells. These results suggested the important role of long noncoding RNA H19 in thyroid cancer, and long noncoding RNA H19 might be a potential target of thyroid cancer treatment.
The genetic depletion or the triptolide inhibition of TFIIH in p53-deficient cells induces a JNK-dependent cell death in Drosophila

Summary Transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) participates in transcription, nucleotide excision repair and the control of the cell cycle. In the present study, we demonstrate that the Dmp52 subunit of TFIIH in Drosophila physically interacts with the fly p53 homologue, Dp53. The depletion of Dmp52 in the wing disc generates chromosome fragility, increases apoptosis and produces wings with a reduced number of cells; cellular proliferation, however, is not affected. Interestingly, instead of suppressing the apoptotic phenotype, the depletion of Dp53 in Dmp52-depleted wing disc cells increases apoptosis and the number of cells that suffer from chromosome fragility. The apoptosis induced by the depletion of Dmp52 alone is partially dependent on the JNK pathway. In contrast, the enhanced apoptosis caused by the simultaneous depletion of Dp53 and Dmp52 is absolutely JNK-dependent. In this study, we also show that the anti-proliferative drug triptolide, which inhibits the ATPase activity of the XPB subunit of TFIIH, phenocopies the JNK-dependent massive apoptotic phenotype of Dp53-depleted wing disc cells; this observation suggests that the mechanism by which triptolide induces apoptosis in p53-deficient cancer cells involves the activation of the JNK death pathway.