Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Binocular Rivalry and Head-Worn Displays

Objective: We provide a review and analysis of much of the published literature on binocular rivalry that is relevant to the design and use of head-worn displays (HWDs). Background: This review draws heavily from both the basic vision literature and applied HWD literature in order to help provide insight for minimizing the effects of binocular rivalry when HWDs are worn. Method: Included in this review are articles and books found cited in other works as well as articles and books obtained from an Internet search. Results: Issues discussed and summarized are (a) characteristics of binocular rivalry, (b) stimulus factors affecting rivalry, (c) cognitive variables affecting rivalry, and (d) tasks affected by rivalry. Conclusion: This paper offers a set of recommendations for minimizing the effects of binocular rivalry when HWDs are used as well as recommendations for future research. Application: Considerations of the basic vision literature on binocular rivalry will provide insight for future design solutions for HWDs.
The ‘internal saboteur’: contributions of W. R. D. Fairbairn in understanding and treating self-harming adolescents

Self-harming adolescents pose a great concern to social workers with their frequently dangerous behaviour, and difficulties engaging in treatment. This article attempts to use the contributions of W. R. D. Fairbairn, in particular his concept of the ‘internal saboteur’, to explicate further the conflicts and anxieties underlying the often perplexing behaviour of these young people. Fairbairn's ideas are also used to examine and guide treatment methods with this population. The use of transference and counter-transference to understand better previously disowned aspects of the adolescents is discussed. Despite its clinical usefulness, Fairbairn's ideas have been largely neglected in the social work literature. This is a problematic omission since Fairbairn offers important insights into understanding and treating the self-harming adolescent. This study presents some of Fairbairn's most important concepts and illustrates them through the use of case vignettes from an outpatient practice.
The value of science: changing conceptions of scientific productivity, 1869 to circa 1970

Productivity is now a buzzword in science studies. Whether you consult the literature on research management, the economic literature on technology and innovation, the literature on bibliometrics or the official literature on science policy and its conceptual frameworks, what you find is analyses on productivity, often accompanied by a plea, and recipes, for increased productivity. This article documents how the concept of productivity got into the analysis of science, through the statistics on which the concept rested, and its transformation over one hundred years. It argues that, through history, the concept as applied to science has carried four meanings: productivity as reproduction, productivity as output, productivity as efficiency and productivity as outcome. L’analyse de la productivité est une notion centrale dans les études sur la science. Que ce soit dans la littérature en management de la recherche, en économie de la science, de la technologie et de l’innovation, en bibliométrie ou en politique scientifique, la notion de productivité fait l’objet d’analyses, accompagnées très souvent de recommandations de nature normative. Le présent article documente quand et comment la notion de productivité a fait son apparition dans les analyses relatives à la science et discute le rôle des statistiques dans cette histoire. L’article suggère que le concept de productivité scientifique oscille entre quatre significations: reproduction, production, efficience et effets. Mots-clés: Economie de la science; Histoire de la science; Productivité scientifique; Statistiques
Sparse LU Decomposition using FPGA ⋆

This paper reports on an FPGA implementation of sparse LU decomposition. The resulting special purpose hardware is geared towards power system problems load flow computation which are typically solved iteratively using Newton Raphson. The key step in this process, which takes approximately 85% of the computation time, is the solution of sparse linear systems arising from the Jacobian matrices that occur in each iteration of Newton Raphson. Current state-of-the-art software packages, such as UMFPACK and SuperLU, running on general purpose processors perform suboptimally on these problems due to poor utilization of the floating point hardware (typically 1 to 4% efficiency). Our LU hardware, using a special purpose data path and cache, designed to keep the floating point hardware busy, achieves an efficiency of 60% and higher. This improved efficiency provides an order of magnitude speedup when compared to a software solution using UMFPACK running on general purpose processors.
A Problem and Its Solution for Multi-Car Elevator Group Control

Multi-car elevator (MCE for short) systems have been receiving increasing attention these days. An MCE has two or more cars in one shaft. It is difficult to control MCEs by using algorithms developed for single-car elevator systems, because MCEs need to avoid collision of the cars of the same shaft. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to control MCE systems, and show the effectiveness of our algorithm through computer simulation.
On the issue of completeness in second language acquisition

The issue of completeness in adult second language acquisition is critical in the development of a theory of second language acquisition. Assuming the Chomskyan definition of core grammar as being those aspects of the language determined by the interaction of the innately specified Universal Grammar and the input to which the learner is exposed, we need to ask if it is possible for an adult learner of a second language to attain native-speaker competence in the core aspects of the grammar of the second language. This paper examines evidence for presence or absence of one principle of UG, Subjacency, in the grammars of groups of proficient nonnative speakers of English. There are three groups whose native languages - Korean, Chinese, Indonesian - differ from English with regard to Subjacency, Korean showing no evidence of it, Chinese and Indonesian showing partial evidence of it. There is one group whose native language, Dutch, shows the full range of Subjacency effects that English does. If all groups show the same Subjacency effects in English that native speakers do, then it must be the case UG is still available for adult second language learning and completeness in second language grammars is possible; if not, then completeness cannot be included as a possible characteristic of adult second language acquisition. Proficient nonnative university students with the above native languages were given grammaticality judgement tests on a set of sentences containing a variety of structures (islands) and Subjacency violations involving those structures. Analysis showed that though all groups were able to correctly judge grammatical sentences (containing islands) as grammatical, only the Dutch group was able to correctly judge ungrammatical sentences (containing Subjacency violations) as ungrammatical; the Korean subjects performed randomly on this task. This native language effect was shown not to be due to attribute variables, such as age of first exposure to English, number of months in an English-speaking country, number of years of English study, etc. The results support the conclusion that completeness is not a possible property of adult-acquired grammars since adults no longer have access to UG for the second language learning process.
Text Messaging and Connectedness Within Close Interpersonal Relationships

Research shows that text messages, short type-written messages sent via mobile telephones, are primarily being used to commence, advance, maintain, or otherwise impact interpersonal relationships. This study describes how respondents perceive and use text messages within close interpersonal dyads. Interviews with dyads resulted in three main themes. Users found texting to be more constant and private than mobile voice interaction. Respondents used texting both to assert autonomy and to maintain connectedness with relational partners. Romantic pairs vis-à-vis nonromantic dyads perceived the benefits of text messages differently.
E-Learning Real Time Analysis Using Large Scale Infrastructure

Real time data analytics is the ability to extract valuable information from live data. It represents a big opportunity to drive smart strategic decisions at the right time. The organizations which adopted this concept, such internet firms, have created spectacular success by embedding reactive actions powered by analytics applied to valuable data. Nowadays, many universities have adopted the distance education in their learning process. E-Learning platforms generate massive data in the form of traces of users' interactions. Face to the fast velocity of data, the traditional methods become costly to collect and analyze the events that are generated continuously. We relied on big data concept to build a large-scale infrastructure that ensures the scalable ingestion, storage of massive data from E-Learning platforms, fast analytics processing and reporting dashboard in near real time. Our infrastructure uses Hadoop and Spark frameworks in backend and data driven document tools in frontend. To validate our system that implements our propositions we have conducted an experiment on Moodle's data, and through the results we can confirm the efficiency of this solution to perform the exploratory analysis on students' data and deliver fresh reports via a live dashboard dedicated to decision makers as support to extract valuable insights in the aim to improve the quality of the E-Learning service.
bcl-x Prevents Apoptotic Cell Death of Both Primitive and Definitive Erythrocytes at the End of Maturation

bcl-x is a member of the bcl-2 gene family, which regulates apoptotic cell death in various cell lineages. There is circumstantial evidence suggesting that bcl-x might play a role in the apoptosis of erythroid lineage cells, although there is no direct evidence. In this study, we used Bcl-X null mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, and showed that Bcl-X is indispensable for the production of both embryonic primitive erythrocytes (EryP) and adult definitive erythrocytes (EryD) at the end of their maturation. In vivo, bcl-x −/− ES cells did not contribute to circulating EryD in adult chimeric mice that were produced by blastocyst microinjection of the bcl-x −/− ES cells. bcl-x −/− EryP and EryD were produced by in vitro differentiation induction of ES cells on macrophage colony-stimulating factor–deficient stromal cell line OP9, and further analysis was carried out. The emergence of immature EryP and EryD from bcl-x −/− ES cells was similar to that from bcl-x +/+ ES cells. However, prominent cell death of bcl-x −/− EryP and EryD occurred when the cells matured. The data show that the antiapoptotic function of bcl-x acts at the very end of erythroid maturation.
Arginase Promotes Neointima Formation in Rat Injured Carotid Arteries

Objective—Arginase stimulates the proliferation of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs); however, the influence of arginase on VSMC growth in vivo is not known. This study investigated the impact of arginase on cell cycle progression and neointima formation after experimental arterial injury. Methods and Results—Balloon injury of rat carotid arteries resulted in a sustained increase in arginase activity in the vessel wall and the induction of arginase I protein in both the media and neointima of injured vessels. Furthermore, local perivascular application of the potent and selective arginase inhibitors S-(2-boronoethyl)-l-cysteine (BEC) or NG-hydroxy-nor-l-arginine (L-OHNA) immediately after injury markedly attenuated medial and neointimal DNA synthesis and neointima formation. Substantial arginase I protein and arginase activity was also detected in rat cultured aortic VSMCs. Moreover, treatment of VSMCs with BEC or L-OHNA, or knockdown of arginase I protein, arrested cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and induced the expression of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor, p21. Conclusion—This study demonstrates that arginase is essential for VSMCs to enter the cell cycle and that arginase I contributes to the remodeling response after arterial injury. Arginase I represents a potentially new therapeutic target for the treatment of vasculoproliferative disorders.
A dynamic test of lower extremity function following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and rehabilitation.

It is essential to assess the functional status of patients with surgically reconstructed and rehabilitated anterior cruciate ligaments prior to discharge. This study established a testing paradigm for functional force production and absorption. Data were obtained from 100 healthy subjects for maximal hops, controlled leaps, and hopping and leaping symmetry. Only 10% of symptomatic patients met maximal hopping criteria, while 15% achieved controlled leaping norms. Ninety-five percent of these patients failed to reach both hopping and leaping symmetry norms. Asymptomatic patients were 63% successful in meeting hopping criteria, and 57% were successful in meeting leaping criteria. Hop symmetry and leap symmetry were achieved at rates of 70% and 60%, respectively. The performance of both groups fell significantly below that of normal subjects (p < .05). Data suggest that this protocol does accurately assess functional and dysfunctional knees, and that force absorption may be more critical than force production in the determination of functional capacity.
99 Deduplication Problems

Deduplication is a widely studied capacity optimization technique that replaces redundant regions of data with references. Not only is deduplication an ongoing area of academic research, numerous vendors have deduplicated storage products. Historically, most deduplication-related publications focus on a narrow range of topics: maximizing deduplication ratios and read/write performance. While future research will continue to optimize these areas, we believe that there are numerous novel, deduplication-specific problems that have been largely ignored in the academic community. Based on feedback from customers as well as internal architecture discussions, we present new deduplication problems that will hopefully spur the next generation of research.
The C‐terminal extrahelical peptide of type I collagen and its role in fibrillogenesis in vitro

The formation in vitro of fibrils from type I acid‐soluble calf skin collagen has been studied before and after removal of the extrahelical peptides with carboxypeptidase and with pepsin. Turbidimetric studies show that the mechanism of fibril growth in undigested collagen is similar to that in pepsin‐digested collagen; following carboxypeptidase digestion, however, a different growth mechanism was apparent. The two mechanisms have been further characterized by electron microscopy. In the course of formation of fibrils from undigested collagen, “early fibrils” (short D‐periodic fibrils that have both ends visible) occurred in the lag phase under the precipitating conditions employed here. After pepsin or carboxypeptidase digestion of the collagen no “early fibrils” were seen. In carboxypeptidase‐digested collagen, lateral assembly was inhibited; after pepsin digestion, linear assembly was inhibited. Complete removal of the extrahelical peptides prevented fibril formation under the conditions used here. Electron‐optical examination of segment‐long‐spacing (SLS) dimers established a more complete removal of the C‐terminal peptide after carboxypeptidase digestion than after pepsin digestion. Analyses of staining patterns of SLS dimers and fibrils from undigested and digested samples showed that the C‐terminal peptide in SLS crystallites and fibrils formed from undigested collagen is in a condensed conformation. A proposed conformation, in which condensation occurs predominantly in a hydrophobic region at the proximal end of the C‐terminal peptide, is discussed in terms of a dual role for the C‐terminal peptide in fibrillogenesis. One role, shared with the N‐terminal peptide, is to participate in interactions between the 4D‐staggered molecules leading to the formation of linear aggregates; the other is to participate in interactions between these linear aggregates giving rise to D‐periodic aggregates and lateral (as well as linear) growth.
Allosteric Modulation of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 Association Site by Adjacent gp120 Variable Region 1 (V1) N-Glycans Linked to Neutralization Sensitivity

The HIV-1 gp120-gp41 complex, which mediates viral fusion and cellular entry, undergoes rapid evolution within its external glycan shield to enable escape from neutralizing antibody (NAb). Understanding how conserved protein determinants retain functionality in the context of such evolution is important for their evaluation and exploitation as potential drug and/or vaccine targets. In this study, we examined how the conserved gp120-gp41 association site, formed by the N- and C-terminal segments of gp120 and the disulfide-bonded region (DSR) of gp41, adapts to glycan changes that are linked to neutralization sensitivity. To this end, a DSR mutant virus (K601D) with defective gp120-association was sequentially passaged in peripheral blood mononuclear cells to select suppressor mutations. We reasoned that the locations of suppressors point to structural elements that are functionally linked to the gp120-gp41 association site. In culture 1, gp120 association and viral replication was restored by loss of the conserved glycan at Asn136 in V1 (T138N mutation) in conjunction with the L494I substitution in C5 within the association site. In culture 2, replication was restored with deletion of the N139INN sequence, which ablates the overlapping Asn141-Asn142-Ser-Ser potential N-linked glycosylation sequons in V1, in conjunction with D601N in the DSR. The 136 and 142 glycan mutations appeared to exert their suppressive effects by altering the dependence of gp120-gp41 interactions on the DSR residues, Leu593, Trp596 and Lys601. The 136 and/or 142 glycan mutations increased the sensitivity of HIV-1 pseudovirions to the glycan-dependent NAbs 2G12 and PG16, and also pooled IgG obtained from HIV-1-infected individuals. Thus adjacent V1 glycans allosterically modulate the distal gp120-gp41 association site. We propose that this represents a mechanism for functional adaptation of the gp120-gp41 association site to an evolving glycan shield in a setting of NAb selection.
Spaces For Feminist (Re)Articulations: The blogosphere and the sexual attack on journalist Lara Logan

This discourse analysis explores traditional and feminist articulations of rape in online mediated discourse regarding the sexual attack on CBS journalist Lara Logan in Egypt in February 2011. Examination of 175 stories and links in the top ten news blogs in the United States showed that the blogosphere contested traditional rape narratives that blamed Logan for the attack and conceptualized rape through a more varied means. In doing so, bloggers engaged in a struggle for meaning, and mainstreamed feminist understandings of sexual violence within the online public space.
The Role of Intraprostatic Inflammation in the Acute Urinary Retention

Objectives: Almost 20% of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) might also have symptoms of prostatitis. But, the interrelationship between BPH and prostatic inflammation, and how one can influence the other, is under controversy. The aim of our study was to determine the incidence of prostatic inflammation in BPH patients presented with acute urinary retention (AUR). Methods: This crosssectional study was conducted in a hospital at Guilan, the northern province of Iran. A total of 280 patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or open prostatectomy from 1999 to 2002 were enrolled. Histopathologic samples of prostate were examined for existence of acute and/or chronic intraprostatic inflammation (ACI). Results: Overall, 150 (536%) of patients undertook surgery for AUR and 130 (464%) for LUTS. Among them, 130 patients (46.4%) showed ACI in the pathologic examinations whereas 150 patients (53.6%) did not. The patients with AUR were significantly older than those with LUTS. ACI was significantly associated with AUR. The mean prostate weight was significantly higher in AUR group compared the LUTS group. Those patients who showed ACI according to pathologic examinations had heavier prostates than those who did not. The association of ACI and AUR should be considered in secondary prevention for BPH patients. Conclusions: ACI may increase the degrees of urinary obstruction and AUR.
Reciprocal Trophic Interactions and Transmission of Blood Parasites between Mosquitoes and Frogs

The relationship between mosquitoes and their amphibian hosts is a unique, reciprocal trophic interaction. Instead of a one-way, predator-prey relationship, there is a cyclical dance of avoidance and attraction. This has prompted spatial and temporal synchrony between organisms, reflected in emergence time of mosquitoes in the spring and choice of habitat for oviposition. Frog-feeding mosquitoes also possess different sensory apparatuses than do their mammal-feeding counterparts. The reciprocal nature of this relationship is exploited by various blood parasites that use mechanical, salivary or trophic transmission to pass from mosquitoes to frogs. It is important to investigate the involvement of mosquitoes, frogs and parasites in this interaction in order to understand the consequences of anthropogenic actions, such as implementing biocontrol efforts against mosquitoes, and to determine potential causes of the global decline of amphibian species.
Has Psychology a Future?

I consider that psychologists have a duty to explore their own field, to create hypotheses about the behavior of animals, especially human, and to test these and look for possible causal relationships at the level of acting, thinking, perceiving humans in their environmental context Our agenda should be at this level, not one that depends on waiting for reductionist theories at some other level, be it neural, genetic, nuclear, or especially artificial To go about this work, a developmental approach, in a systems setting—the organism-environment system—holds great promise and has the dignity of successful precedents in other sciences All of behavior—perceiving, acting, problem solving, communicating with others—should be our province The hallmarks of human behavior can and should be studied in all of these areas It is their development that offers a road to understanding We should continue to look for theories of considerable generality, however elegant a model may be in a tiny realm If we cannot find universal laws, we may still come up with unifying principles Not so long ago, in another keynote address, George Miller told us that it was time to “give psychology away” (Miller, 1969) I am afraid that that is exactly what we are doing, though not in the sense that Miller intended Let us keep psychology, and recapture the old excitement, looking for the causes in behavior itself, and not giving up on the grand unified theory