Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are Surgical Approaches Correlated With BREAST-Q Score Improvements After Reduction Mammoplasty? A Systematic Review

Background Despite the commonly recognized benefits and drawbacks of each surgical technique for reduction mammoplasty, data on the influence of each surgical approach on patient quality of life and satisfaction remains limited. Our study aims to evaluate the association between surgical factors and BREAST-Q scores for reduction mammoplasty patients. Methods A literature review through August 6, 2021, was conducted using the PubMed database to select publications that used the BREAST-Q questionnaire to evaluate outcomes after reduction mammoplasty. Studies examining breast reconstruction, breast augmentation, oncoplastic reduction, or breast cancer patients were excluded. The BREAST-Q data were stratified by incision pattern and pedicle type. Results We identified 14 articles that met selection criteria. Among 1816 patients, the mean age ranged from 15.8 to 55 years, mean body mass index ranged from 22.5 to 32.4 kg/m2, and bilateral mean resected weight ranged from 323 to 1845.96 g. Overall complication rate was 19.9%. On average, satisfaction with breasts improved by 52.1 ± 0.9 points (P < 0.0001), psychosocial well-being improved by 43.0 ± 1.0 points (P < 0.0001), sexual well-being improved by 38.2 ± 1.2 points (P < 0.0001), and physical well-being improved by 27.9 ± 0.8 points (P < 0.0001). No significant correlations were observed when mean difference was modeled against complication rates or prevalence of superomedial pedicle use, inferior pedicle use, Wise pattern incision, or vertical pattern incision. Complication rates were not correlated with preoperative, postoperative, or mean change in BREAST-Q scores. A negative correlation was noted between the prevalence of superomedial pedicle use and postoperative physical well-being (Spearman rank correlation coefficient [SRCC], −0.66742; P < 0.05). The prevalence of Wise pattern incision was negatively correlated with postoperative sexual well-being (SRCC, −0.66233; P < 0.05) and physical well-being (SRCC, −0.69521; P < 0.05). Conclusions Although either preoperative or postoperative BREAST-Q scores may be individually influenced by pedicle or incision type, there was no statistically significant effect of surgical approach or complication rates on the average change of these scores, and overall satisfaction and well-being scores improved. This review suggests that any of the main surgical approaches to reduction mammoplasty provide equally substantial improvements in patient-reported satisfaction and quality of life, but more robust comparative studies would strengthen this area of research.
The Novel Use of Rare Earth Magnets for the Extraction of Metallic Soft Tissue Foreign Bodies in Children

Introduction Metallic foreign bodies (mFB) are common following penetrating injuries in children. The mFB commonly occur in the head and neck region and extremity soft tissues. Removal may be indicated due to morbidity related to pain or migration. Extraction can be challenging to localize, often requiring wide exposure, and may be difficult to achieve in cosmetically sensitive areas. Different technological adjuncts have been used to facilitate foreign body removal including fluoroscopy, ultrasound, and more recently in adults, surgical magnets. The most powerful commercially available magnets are rare earth magnets comprised of neodymium iron and boron (Ndy). With the goal of reducing radiation exposure and the morbidity of mFB removal with associated soft tissue injury in children, a strategy was introduced utilizing Ndy to optimize extraction with minimal soft tissue surgical dissection. Materials and Methods Two children with extremity mFB treated with Ndy between January 2021 and July 2021 were analyzed. We utilized commercially available ring type neodymium-iron-boron magnets with dimensions of 1 3/8-inch outer diameter x 1/8-inch inner diameter and 1/16 inch thick with a power of 13 200 gauss that were processed for use according to our hospital protocols. Our main clinical indication was for the detection and retrieval of small ferromagnetic foreign bodies embedded in superficial extremity soft tissues. Results In the operating room under general anesthesia, the mFB were localized utilizing fluoroscopy. A 1.0 cm skin incision was made into the subdermal soft tissues overlying the area of the mFB. No surgical tissue dissection was performed. The mFB could not be visualized in the soft tissue. Using fluoroscopy to localize the mFB, the Ndy was then placed into the wound in close proximity to the mFB. The mFB were immediately magnetized to the Ndy and the mFB were extracted from the soft tissues without any further surgical dissection. Two simple interrupted nylon sutures were placed to close the incision. The total operative time was 2 and 2.5 minutes respectively. The children recovered uneventfully and are without complication. Conclusions The use of Ndy to remove extremity soft tissue mFB in children appears to be feasible, safe, and efficient. Use of the Ndy allowed extraction via a small incision, optimizing the aesthetic result and avoiding the need for cross-sectional imaging, extensive surgical dissection, tissue reconstruction and prolonged operative time or x-ray exposure. The development of magnets of increasing energy density may be indicated to further optimize metallic soft tissue foreign body extraction in children in a minimally invasive manner.
Likelihood Inference for the Lifetime Performance Index under Progressive Type-II Censoring

Abstract Likelihood inference for the lifetime performance index CL is discussed in the presence of progressive censoring. We illustrate that many results available in the literature can be traced back to the exponential case using appropriate transformations of the data. Further, we present procedures to compute the MLE of CL under the assumption of gamma distributed lifetimes. The results are illustrated by a simulation study and applied to a data set.
Morphological and electrophysiological evaluation of median and ulnar nerve in complex regional pain syndrome type 1

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) can be distinguished as type I without and type II with electrophysiological evidence of major nerve lesion. The pathophysiology of both subgroups is still under investigation. The aim of this research is to demonstrate the nerve morphology and electrophysiology in CRPS type I patients.
On quasi-conformally ∞at quasi-Einstein spaces

The present paper deals with a study of quasi-conformally ∞at quasi-Einstein spaces and obtained several necessary and su-cient condi- tions for such a space to be of semi-symmetric (resp. projectively semi- symmetric, concircularly semi-symmetric and conformally semi-symmetric). The existence of such space is ensured with a proper example.
Active Enrichment of Nanoparticles for Ultra-Trace Point-of-Care COVID-19 Detection

Active enrichment can detect nucleic acid at ultra-low concentrations without relatively time-consuming polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which is an important development direction for future rapid nucleic acid detection. Here, we reported an integrated active enrichment platform for direct hand-held detection of nucleic acid of COVID-19 in nanoliter samples without PCR. The platform consists of a capillary-assisted liquid-carrying system for sampling, integrated circuit system for ultrasound output, and cell-phone-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) system. Considering the acoustic responsiveness and SERS-enhanced performance, gold nanorods were selected for biomedical applications. Functionalized gold nanorods can effectively capture and enrich biomarkers under ultrasonic aggregation. Such approaches can actively assemble gold nanorods in 1–2 s and achieved highly sensitive (6.15 × 10–13 M) SERS detection of COVID-19 biomarkers in nanoliter (10–7 L) samples within 5 min. We further demonstrated the high stability, repeatability, and selectivity of the platform, and validated its potential for the detection of throat swab samples. This simple, portable, and ultra-trace integrated active enrichment detection platform is a promising diagnostic tool for the direct and rapid detection of COVID-19.
3D finite element method with impedance boundary condition for the modeling of molten metal shape in electromagnetic casting

The aim of this work is to analyze the interactions between the shape of a molten metal and a magnetic field distribution. We propose an iterative method to model the electromagnetic shaping of the melt. The use of impedance boundary condition in finite element method improves the calculation in high frequency configuration. The free surface is determined by equilibrium of the electromagnetic and hydrostatic pressures and implies the use of a moving FEM mesh.
First record of Fusarium concentricum (Hypocreales: Hypocreaceae) isolated from the moth Polychrosis cunninhamiacola (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) as an entomopathogenic fungus

Abstract Fusarium concentricum Nirenberg & O’ Donnell (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) is a fungal species known to infect plants, but never reported as entomopathogenic. Polychrosis cunninhamiacola Liu et Pei (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae) is a major and widespread insect pest causing economic losses to cultivated Chinese fir Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. It is routinely controlled by extensive use of chemical insecticides, which is perceived as environmentally unsustainable. During March and April of 2019–2020, muscardine cadavers of larvae and pupae of P. cunninhamiacola infected with growing fungus were collected in a fir forest in northern Guangdong Province, China. Conidia were isolated and cultured on PDA medium, from which the fungal strain was identified as F. concentricum FCPC-L01 by morphology and by sequence alignment match with Tef-1α gene. Pathogenicity bioassays at the conidial concentration 1 × 107 revealed P. cunninhamiacola adults and Danaus chrysippus (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) larvae are sensitive to the fungal infection, but not the fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). We believe results indicate this fungal strain might be applicable against specific target insect pests. As this is the first record of a natural infection caused by F. concentricum in insects, we propose host specificity tests should be done to evaluate its potential as a biocontrol agent.
Examining neighborhood-level hot and cold spots of food insecurity in relation to social vulnerability in Houston, Texas

Food insecurity is prevalent and associated with poor health outcomes, but little is known about its geographical nature. The aim of this study is to utilize geospatial modeling of individual-level food insecurity screening data ascertained in health care settings to test for neighborhood hot and cold spots of food insecurity in a large metropolitan area, and then compare these hot spot neighborhoods to cold spot neighborhoods in terms of the CDC’s Social Vulnerability Index. In this cross-sectional secondary data analysis, we geocoded the home addresses of 6,749 unique participants screened for food insecurity at health care locations participating in CMS’s Accountable Health Communities (AHC) Model, as implemented in Houston, TX. Next, we created census-tract level incidence profiles of positive food insecurity screens per 1,000 people. We used Anselin’s Local Moran’s I statistic to test for statistically significant census tract-level hot/cold spots of food insecurity. Finally, we utilized a Mann-Whitney-U test to compare hot spot tracts to cold spot tracts in relation to the CDC’s Social Vulnerability Index. We found that hot spot tracts had higher overall social vulnerability index scores (P <0.001), higher subdomain scores, and higher percentages of individual variables like poverty (P <0.001), unemployment (P <0.001), limited English proficiency (P <0.001), and more. The combination of robust food insecurity screening data, geospatial modeling, and the CDC’s Social Vulnerability Index offers a solid method to understand neighborhood food insecurity.
Phase development and critical current density of Bi-2223 tapes fabricated by groove rolling

The powder-in-tube technique is the most widely used method for fabricating silver-clad Bi-2223 wires and tapes. In this method the silver billet containing the precursor material is transformed to the final shape using metallurgical deformation techniques such as wire drawing and flat rolling. In the present study, a modified version of the powder-in-tube technique was adopted where the silver billet was reduced in size by groove rolling instead of wire drawing. Microstructural analysis during the initial deformation stage revealed crack formation in the superconductor core. Stress conditions during groove rolling were analysed and appropriate changes were incorporated in the deformation process. After groove rolling the wires were flat rolled to a final thickness of 250 m. Subsequent thermomechanical treatment resulted in tapes with critical current density of 19700 A cm-2 (critical current of 40 A).
Task-based functional connectivity reveals aberrance with the salience network during emotional interference in late-life depression

Abstract Objectives Late-life depression (LLD) is a common and debilitating disorder. Previously, resting-state studies have revealed abnormal functional connectivity (FC) of brain networks in LLD. Since LLD is associated with emotional-cognitive control deficits, the aim of this study was to compare FC of large-scale brain networks in older adults with and without a history of LLD during a cognitive control task with emotional stimuli. Methods Cross-sectional case-control study. Twenty participants diagnosed with LLD and 37 never-depressed adults 60–88 years of age underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during an emotional Stroop task. Network-region-to-region FC was assessed with seed regions in the default mode, the frontoparietal, the dorsal attention, and the salience networks. Results FC between salience and sensorimotor network regions and between salience and dorsal attention network regions were reduced in LLD patients compared to controls during the processing of incongruent emotional stimuli. The normally positive FC between these networks were negative in LLD patients and inversely correlated with vascular risk and white matter hyperintensities. Conclusions Emotional-cognitive control in LLD is associated with aberrant functional coupling between salience and other networks. This expands on the network-based LLD model and proposes the salience network as a target for future interventions.
RACK1 may participate in placental development at mid‐gestation via regulating trophoblast cell proliferation and migration in pigs

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a severe complication in swine production. Placental insufficiency is responsible for inadequate fetal growth, but the specific etiology of placental dysfunction‐induced IUGR in pigs remains poorly understood. In this work, placenta samples supplying the lightest weight (LW) and mean weight (MW) pig fetuses in the litter at Day 65 (D65) of gestation were collected, and the relationship between fetal growth and placental morphologies and functions was investigated using histomorphological analysis, RNA sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and in vitro experiment in LW and MW placentas. Results showed that the folded structure of the epithelial bilayer of LW placentas followed a poor and incomplete development compared with that of MW placentas. A total of 654 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out between the LW and MW placentas, and the gene encodes receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) was found to be downregulated in LW placentas. The DEGs were mainly enriched in translation, ribosome, protein synthesis, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway according to gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. In vitro experiments indicated that the decreased RACK1 in LW placentas may be involved in abnormal development of placental folds (PFs) by inhibiting the proliferation and migration of porcine trophoblast cells. Taken together, these results revealed that RACK1 may be a vital regulator in the development of PFs via regulating trophoblast cell proliferation and migration in pigs.
The health needs of people leaving prison with a history of methamphetamine and/or opioid use

Abstract Introduction Methamphetamine use is more common than opioid use among prison entrants in some countries, including Australia, yet most research and policy focuses on opioid use. This suggests that traditional opioid‐focused interventions are no longer appropriate for the majority of this group in countries such as Australia. To inform policy and practice, we compared socio‐demographic characteristics and health needs of people leaving prison with a history of methamphetamine use and/or opioid use. Methods A cross‐sectional survey of incarcerated adults administered the World Health Organization Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test was used to identify moderate‐/high‐risk methamphetamine use (n = 909), opioid use (n = 115) or combined methamphetamine/opioid use (n = 356) before incarceration. We compared groups using modified log‐linked Poisson regression with robust error variance. Results Compared to the opioid‐only group, the methamphetamine‐only group were: significantly more often aged <25 years; significantly more likely to identify as Indigenous; significantly less likely to have a history of prior incarceration, drug injection or overdose. A significantly lower proportion of methamphetamine‐only and methamphetamine‐and‐opioid participants self‐reported current hepatitis C infection compared to opioid‐only participants. A majority of participants in all groups screened positive for current psychological distress according to the K10. Discussion and Conclusions People leaving prison with a history of methamphetamine use differ from opioid users with respect to demographics, patterns of substance use and related health concerns. Treatment and harm reduction efforts for people who experience incarceration must respond to patterns of drug use in this population, and invest at scale in coordinated, continuous services for co‐occurring substance use and mental health problems.
‘Flip-flap’ hernia sac sandwich mesh hernioplasty for giant incisional hernia

Purpose: The treatment of giant ventral hernia (GVH) with domain loss is a challenge for surgeons. This modified and simplified form of sandwich technique in a form of flip-flap repair was done to assess the outcomes of GVH repair by using the hernia sac taking into account the late complications in terms of recurrence, mesh explantation and early: SSO (surgical site occurrence). Material and method: A total of 21 patients of GVH were treated with flip-flap repair technique in the department of surgery in a teaching hospital in the central India between December 16 to June 21. In flip-flap technique the hernia sac is tailored in the best possible way, by making multiple layered flaps encasing the Polypropylene mesh in between, separating it from intraperitoneal contents and subcutaneous tissue. Results: In this prospective and interventional study, the collected data revealed the mean follow up period of 22.3 months (7months to 48months). Mean age was 44.2years (27-65 years). SSO was seen in 38% of cases mainly in the form of SSI. No explantation of mesh and recurrence was seen in any patient. Conclusion: The flip-flap repair technique is safe and effective surgical technique that can be used for the treatment of GVH regardless of the size, BMI or position of hernia.
Schémas d’approximation pour la conception optimale de structures en matériaux composites

With their high stiffness to weight ratio and their anisotropic properties, fibers reinforced composite materials show high potential capabilities in many fields of engineering. Because of a huge number of parameters, the design of structures made of such materials naturally calls for optimization algorithms. However, the amount of work that has been done for their optimization is weak compared to the effort dedicated to problems involving isotropic materials. The main reason is linked to the unusual behaviors of the structural responses, which are highly non linear over fibers orientations, and to the non convex character of the optimization problem. Besides, when fibers orientations and ply thickness design variables are simultaneously considered in the design problem, the mechanical performances present, most of the time, a mix of non monotonous and monotonous behaviors. The use of optimization techniques is then still more difficult, because they should be able to consider such different characteristics of the problem. The main objective of this thesis consists in adapting existing optimization methods to make them efficient in the solution of such problems. For many years, the approximation concepts approach showed to be efficient in all the fields of structural optimization including isotropic materials. It is used here for anisotropic ones. This procedure consists in replacing the solution of the initial optimization problem by a sequence of approximated explicit and convex sub-problems. The sub-problem is composed of first oder explicit and convex approximations of the structural responses. Based on existing schemes, it is shown that the right selection of an approximation improves the convergence speed of the optimization process. Besides, its accuracy increases with the number of parameters it contains and/or the way those are computed. Based on this, modifications of existing approximations are then performed. The accuracy of the non monotonous approximation is improved by taking into account the first order derivatives and/or the functions values at two successive iterations. A generalization for a mix of monotonous and non monotonous behaviors is also presented, for efficiently considering the different natures of the involved design variables. The advantage of an automatic selection of the approximation – either monotonous, or non monotonous, or mixed – according to the problem and the design variables is illustrated. The efficiency of the developed methods, compared to existing ones, is shown on an industrial application and on many academic examples including anisotropic materials. The optimal configurations of trusses and topology optimization problems of continuum media including their self-weight are also studied. The latter is deeply investigated. Existing parameterizations of composite structures, the problems linked to their modelization, and the key role of the fibers orientations in the design are also discussed.