Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cooperative UAS Geolocation of Emitters with Multi-Sensor-Bounded Timing and Localization Error

A collection of “unmanned aerial systems” (UAS) are wirelessly networked and each is equipped with an antenna, receiver and other components resulting in a cooperative wireless sensor array that can be used for determining RF emitter location estimates. Because each UAS is independently mobile and cooperates with other array elements, the geometry of the wireless sensor array can change in a dynamic manner thus allowing for enhanced accuracy of emitter location estimates through subsequent measurements and iterative location estimate updates. UAS local timing sources and enhanced localization approaches enable time-based emitter location techniques based upon “time-of-arrival” (TOA) or “time-difference-of-arrival” (TDOA) measurements. Sensor localization errors are bounded due to the presence of individual UAS LIDAR ranging subsystems, and the use of new local time source technology likewise bounds the emitter location accuracies due to timing errors. After a review of time-based emitter location methods, two time-based geolocation methods are chosen for this investigation: a multilateration technique and the “Location On a Conic Axis” (LOCA) method. Simulation results predict the accuracy of emitter location estimates versus varying levels of realistic error in array element positioning and time measurements. A study of array size versus emitter location accuracy is also included. The simulation results are compared with the theoretical emitter location accuracy in the presence of the error sources, the Cramér-Ran Lower Bound (CRLB).
Optoelectronic specifications of emerging coherent optical solutions for data center interconnect

Emerging short-reach data center interconnect is a scenario wherein the capacity has to be maximized over point- to-point optical links without intermediate optical amplification. Most of the transceiver solutions are based on 100G modules with direct detection modulation. Although these legacy solutions are cost-efficient in a short- term, they are not scalable in a long-term, when the capacity x distance product will become more and more stringent. This paper addresses coherent optical solutions for emerging data center interconnect, with optical transmission reach being limited to around unrepeated 100 km. The main advantage of coherent solutions, when compared to legacy direct detection technologies, is the inherently improved spectral efficiency (e.g. 400 Gb/s channels in a 50 GHz grid) and receiver sensitivity provided with high baudrate (>40 GBd) transceiver modules. In this paper, two technological options for single-carrier optical 400 Gb/s modules are exploited for high capacity links over short reach scenarios: 43 GBd polarization-division-multiplexed (PDM)-64QAM, suitable for a 50-GHz grid; and 64 GBd PDM-16QAM, suitable for a 75-GHz grid. These two solutions are compared in terms of capacity allocated in C band (∼4 THz bandwidth), when considering 50 GHz (80 channels at 400G, 32 Tb/s) and 75 GHz (53 channels with 21.2 Tb/s) grids and back-to-back requirements in terms of optoelectronics (digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital converters, modulators, receivers etc.).
Tailoring the physical parameters of ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture with cadmium selenide quantum dots

ABSTRACT Present studies demonstrate the dispersion effect of cadmium selenide quantum dots on ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture properties. Varying concentrations of cadmium selenide quantum dots (0.05 wt.%, 0.10 wt.% and 0.50 wt.%) have been taken to investigate its influence on the physical parameters of ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture KCFLC 10R. Phase transition, textural, electro-optical and photoluminescence studies have been performed in planar aligned cells. The presence of QDs disturbs the geometrical symmetry and molecular tilt of ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules which results in the modification of physical parameters of ferroelectric liquid crystal. It has been observed that doped samples have shown decrement in spontaneous polarisation and rotational viscosity. However, there is an improvement in the response time of the doped samples. The reduction in the spontaneous polarisation with voltage signifies that doped samples can operate at low voltage (~6 V) as compared to ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture (~12 V). Photoluminescence studies reveal that all the samples absorb UV light ~340 nm and produce visible emission at ~ 400 nm which can behave as UV light storage and high contrast display. This would be beneficial for luminescent displays as well as UV to visible light conversion applications. Highlights Dispersion of cadmium selenide quantum dots with varying concentration in ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture has been investigated. Temperature- as well as voltage-dependent electro-optical parameters and photoluminescence studies have been done and analysed. Fast response time has been observed in the doped samples as compared to FLC mixture. Doped samples can be operated at low voltage (~6 V) as compared to FLC mixture (~12 V) These prepared samples can be used for UV to visible light conversion applications. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Unraveling the pertinence of drought indices in the changing climate

The increasing divergence/disagreement between the meteorological drought indicators, majorly due to the changing climate conditions, has disputed their pertinency in the monitoring and modeling of drought events. In the present study, we attempted to quantify the divergence between widely used drought indices such as the standardized precipitation index (SPI), standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), and the newly developed standardized net precipitation index (SNEPI) and traced the evolution of this divergence/disagreement. A persistent presence of enhanced dry extremes in the annual divergence of SPEI with SPI and SNEPI was observed, which raises doubts about the utility of traditional drought indices in capturing the changing climatic characteristics. The seasonal dispersion of this annual divergence revealed a strong, spatiotemporally dominant, signal of dryness in the monsoon season by SNEPI, which SPEI failed to unravel. Furthermore, the attribution analysis revealed that the SPI-SPEI disagreements evolved under the influence of the shortwave radiative fluxes. In addition to that, the divergence between SPEI and SNEPI, is driven by the characteristics of wet spells, with the relationship strengthening in the monsoon season and tropical climate zones. All these findings caution us to evaluate the need to incorporate the changing precipitation characteristics before deploying drought indices in operational uses, especially in tropical climate zones.
Eccentric Connectivity Index of Some Dendrimer Graphs

The eccentricity connectivity index of a molecular graph G is defined as (G) = aV(G) deg(a)e(a), where e(a) is defined as the length of a maximal path connecting a to other vertices of G and deg(a) is degree of vertex a. Here, we compute this topological index for some infinite classes of dendrimer graphs.
A Generalized Class of Contagious Distributions

Frequently the data arising in studies of entomology and bacteriology cannot be described by the usual distribution functions but rather by some type of contagious distribution. As Feller [2] has pointed out there are essentially two kinds of contagion involved in such distributions. One type, "true contagion," is due to the fact that each "favorable" event increases (or decreases) the probability of succeeding favorable events. The other type, "apparent contagion," is due to an inhomogeneity of the population. Some distributions, such as the negative binomial, can apparently be interpreted on the basis of both types of contagion. In a paper by Neyman [3] a class of contagious distributions is derived from a certain biological model which takes into account the fact that the distribution of larvae over the plots of a field depends upon the fact that the larvae are hatched from egg-masses which appear at random over the field. This class of distributions has been successful in accounting for the distribution of some insect populations (cf. Beall [21]). The negative binomial has also been found useful as a possible underlying distribution for insect populations (cf. Bliss and Fisher [23]). Contagious distributions have also been used in the study of accident and medical statistics (cf. Dubourdieu [24], Greenwood and Yule [14], Lundberg [25], Newbold [261.) A family of contagious distributions which provides a generalization of Neyman's types A, B, C, was recently presented by Beall and Rescia [1]. The p.g. f. (probability generating function) was shown to be
On the Calculus of Variations and Its Major Influences on the Mathematics of the First Half of Our Century. Part II.

of Sections 1-5. The calculus of variations deals with the problem of determination of extrema of functionals given by integrals. It may be said to have begun with Johann Bernoulli's brachystochrone problem of 1696. The birthyear of its theory is 1744, the year in which Euler published his Methodus inveniendi. that included his necessary condition for a minimum and a splendid collection of problems. Lagrange went beyond Euler by inventing the "method of variations" and the concept of the first variation AJ of a functional J; AJ is the analogue of the first derivative of a function. Both Euler and Lagrange contributed to the problem of minimal surfaces, an important geometric application of the calculus of variations. The discovery of sufficient conditions for an extremum of a functional was due to Jacobi and Weierstrass. Legendre introduced the concept of the second variation 62J of a functional J, which is an analog of the second derivative of a function. Weierstrass rigorized the calculus of variations and introduced the fundamental concepts of a field of extremals and of the E-function, "a turning point in the history of the calculus of variations. "
It’s Not All Doom and Gloom:

A nationally representative online survey was conducted in the United States in July 2020 to examine the role of social media use in knowledge about COVID-19, compliance with public health guidelines, and protective behaviors. Building on the Protection Motivation Theory, the analysis revealed that threat severity perceptions and self-efficacy, but not vulnerability perceptions, mediated the negative impact of social media use during the pandemic. Given the current debates surrounding the effect of social media use on both political and health knowledge, the study's findings suggest that rather than inundating social media with messages about the severity of the disease, risk communication that meets audiences where they are and enhance both self-efficacy and severity perceptions could lead to wider adoption of protective responses.
Sparse sums with bases of Chebyshev polynomials of the third and fourth kind

We derive a generalization for the reconstruction of M -sparse sums in Chebyshev bases of the third and fourth kind. This work is used for a polynomial with Chebyshev sparsity and samples on a Chebyshev grid of ( 1 ; 1) . Further, fundamental reconstruction algorithms can be a way for getting M-sparse expansions of Chebyshev polynomials of the third and fourth kind. The numerical results for these algorithms are designed to compare the time effects of doing them.
An Isolated Multiport DC–DC Converter for Integrated Electric Vehicle On-Board Charger

This article proposes an integrated on-board charger (IOBC) for electric vehicles (EVs) based on an isolated three-port dc–dc converter. The proposed architecture integrates the on-board charger (OBC) and the auxiliary power module (APM) in a single multiport converter, offering a low component count. The proposed converter is capable of charging high-voltage (HV) and low-voltage (LV) batteries simultaneously, over the entire battery voltage ranges. A three-winding transformer is used to provide galvanic isolation between the converter ports and consequently, power flow is coupled among the three ports. In this article, a boundary condition is derived for the first time and a novel modulation scheme is proposed to regulate the power flow at the HV and LV ports independently, utilizing the converter’s 3-degrees-of-freedom (3-DOF). Hence, charging of the HV and LV batteries can be realized similar to dual-active-bridge (DAB) and phase-shifted full-bridge (PSFB) converter, respectively. Results show that all converter semiconductor devices operate with zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) over wide power and voltage range without the need for additional resonant components, due to the proposed 3-DOF selection scheme. A 3.5-kW hardware prototype of the proposed converter is built and tested and key experimental results are presented to verify the converter’s theoretical analysis and ZVS operation.
Investigation of Hot Carrier Enhanced Body Bias Effect in Advanced FinFET Technology

In this paper, we observed non-negligible body bias effect after hot carrier degeneration (HCD) in 7 and 5nm FinFET technologies, even though they have negligible body bias dependence before HCD. We revealed that the trap-induced partial shift of the channel current towards the bottom of fin is the culprit for the enhanced body-biased effect, by combining TCAD and experimental results. We also studied mobility modulation by body bias effect before and after degradation. The results are beneficial for the reliability-aware circuit design against HCD particularly for FinFET-based circuits.
Estimation of Parameters of One-diode and Two-diode Photovoltaic Models: A Chaotic Gravitational Search Algorithm based Approach

ABSTRACT Photovoltaic (PV) module is one of the major sources of clean energy to substantially reduce the global carbon footprint. Researchers are keen on developing an equivalent PV mathematical model to acquire insights regarding its monitoring and operations. This is a stimulating task as these modules are sensitive to operational conditions. In this work, a chaotic gravitational search algorithm (CGSA) based method is proposed for estimating the PV parameters of the one-diode and the two-diode PV models. The proposed method includes an update to confine the decision variables within the appropriate ranges. It is tested on the RTC France cell and the Photowatt-PWP-201 PV module. The suitability is highlighted considering the mean absolute error (MAE) and the root mean square error (RMSE) between the experimental and the estimated currents. For example, the errors are in the orders of and (one-diode model) and and (two-diode model), respectively, for the Photowatt-PWP-201 PV module. A comparative analysis of the proposed method with several popular algorithms (e.g. equilibrium optimizer (EO), whale optimization algorithm (WOA), Harris hawks optimization (HHO), variants of particle swarm optimization (PSO) etc.) is presented. Results and the comparative analysis confirm the effectiveness of the suggested approach.
Recurrence sorting method for improved accuracy of unconstrained fast-moving vehicle license plate recognition system

Automatic Real-Time Vehicle License Plate recognition systemsface a wide variety of challenges to accurately reading the number sequences present in license plates when deployed in the real world. The uncertainty of the real-world license plate recognition system is addressed in this research and proposes a novel method of filtering out inaccurate results based on recurrence-based sorting of the best readable character sequences. The problems of unconstrained real-world real-time license plate recognition have been discussed thoroughly throughout the paper and redefined the problem statement towards attaining the best readability instead of best visibility. An end-to-end cascade neural network architecture has been developed to capture license plate readings in real time. Then the novel recurrence-based iteration method was introduced to sort the Top 1 of the best reading of a unique license plate tracked across the frame where character sequence reading accuracy has been improved by up to 54% when combined with the introduced garbage factor filtering method. The experimental evidence indicated that the traditional confidence-based sorting is prone to failure due to unconstrained real-world uncertainties and accuracy is thoroughly compared with our novel method to illustrate novelty. The system has been deployed in the real world on an embedded system with a substantial amount of vehicle traffic for testing and validation.
Fast Cooling and Computerised Glow Curve Deconvolution in Routine Personnel Monitoring with TLD-100

Fast cooling of LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) thermoluminescent (TL) detectors after short-term regeneration in combination with computerised glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) has been investigated. The combined use of these methods can replace all standard annealing procedures for the stabilisation and regeneration of the detectors and significantly reduce processing times in routine personnel monitoring. After fast cooling the glow peaks of TLD-100 exhibit a complex fading behaviour and time-dependent change of their physical peak parameters during storage at room temperature for several weeks. A fast and numerical robust algorithm based on first order kinetics Randall-Wilkins model (RW) has been developed for the CGCD. The proposed algorithm fits the requirements for use in routine personnel monitoring and is capable of analysing glow curves of TLD-100 chips in a dose range between 3 μGy and several Gy. The method reduces the lower limit of detection and increases the accuracy of the dose estimation. It replaces all annealing and cooling procedures which require additional equipment and saves up to 65% of processing time for the readout and regeneration cycle, including individual detector calibration.
Spin Orbit Torque Tunable Skyrmion Neuromorphic Devices

Skyrmionic devices are promising candidates for energy efficient and highly integrated data storage and computing applications, owing to their small size, topological protection, and low drive current. In this abstract we propose novel spin orbit torque (SOT) controlled skyrmion device structures and their application in neuromorphic computing. We propose a spin orbit torque-driven SOT skyrmion magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) device showing Leaky Integrate and Fire (LIF) neuron behaviour, and a SOT-controlled MTJ synaptic device in which the skyrmion size depends on the thickness of the free layer. Furthermore, we implement the spiking neural network and artificial neural network based on these devices for MNIST data classification.
Hydraulic Modulation of Silicone Knuckles for Variable Control of Joint Stiffness

Ahstract-This work describes the development of a hydraulic knuckle designed to modulate joint stiffness in an underactuated, underwater gripper. The knuckles are pressurized with water to control their stiffness. Compression and tension characterization showed that the knuckles can provide up to 34 N of resistive force in compression and 47 N of resistive force in tension. Stiffness of the knuckles was found to vary linearly with pressure. A parallel, tendon-driven underactuated gripper was fabricated to explore two relationships: finger configurations vs. knuckle hydraulic pressure and joint stiffness vs. grasp strength. This gripper demonstrated that softer knuckles enable a wrap grasp and stiffer knuckles enable a pinch grasp. Grasp strength testing showed that the planar hand can resist up to 23 N of force at 200 mA motor current, and stiffer grasps can sustain greater pull out forces.
Numerical modeling of quantum beam generation from ultra-intense laser-matter interactions

When intense laser beams interact with solid targets, high-energy photons are effectively generated via radiation reaction effect. These photons receive a large portion of the incident laser energy, and the energy transport by photons through the target is crucial for the understanding of the laser–matter interactions. In order to understand the energy transport, we newly developed a Particle-in-Cell code which includes the photon–matter interactions by introducing photon macro-particles. Test simulations are performed and compared with simulations using a particle transport code, which shows a good agreement.
Disruption of a DUF247 Containing Protein Alters Cell Wall Polysaccharides and Reduces Growth in Arabidopsis

Plant cell wall biosynthesis is a complex process that requires proteins and enzymes from glycan synthesis to wall assembly. We show that disruption of At3g50120 (DUF247-1), a member of the DUF247 multigene family containing 28 genes in Arabidopsis, results in alterations to the structure and composition of cell wall polysaccharides and reduced growth and plant size. An ELISA using cell wall antibodies shows that the mutants also exhibit ~50% reductions in xyloglucan (XyG), glucuronoxylan (GX) and heteromannan (HM) epitopes in the NaOH fraction and ~50% increases in homogalacturonan (HG) epitopes in the CDTA fraction. Furthermore, the polymer sizes of XyGs and GXs are reduced with concomitant increases in short-chain polymers, while those of HGs and mHGs are slightly increased. Complementation using 35S:DUF247-1 partially recovers the XyG and HG content, but not those of GX and HM, suggesting that DUF247-1 is more closely associated with XyGs and HGs. DUF247-1 is expressed throughout Arabidopsis, particularly in vascular and developing tissues, and its disruption affects the expression of other gene members, indicating a regulatory control role within the gene family. Our results demonstrate that DUF247-1 is required for normal cell wall composition and structure and Arabidopsis growth.
Focusing on Safety or Pleasure Determine Condom Use Intentions Differently Depending on Condom Availability and STI Risk

Abstract Objective Regulatory Focus Theory suggests that goal pursuit is driven by two separate and fundamental motives. Being more focused on prevention motivates people to enact safer behaviors and avoid negative outcomes (e.g., to prevent diseases), whereas being more focused on promotion motivates people to take risks and pursue pleasurable experiences (e.g., condomless sex). Methods A quasi-experimental study (N = 476) examined if differences in regulatory focus (i.e., prevention vs. promotion) determined condom use intentions with a prospective casual partner, depending on condom availability delay and STI risk cues. Results Participants focused on prevention (vs. promotion) were less likely to consider having condomless sex across condom availability delays conditions. However, STI risk cues changed condom use intentions. When STI risk was lower, condom use intentions decreased as condom availability delays increased (particularly for participants focused on promotion). When STI risk was higher, condom use intentions were stronger and consistent across condom availability delays (particularly for participants focused on prevention). Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of distinct sexual motives when examining sexual health practices.
A Novel Particle Swarm Optimization Clustering Algorithm Based on Density

This paper proposes a novel particle swarm optimization (PSO)clustering algorithm based on density and PSO initialization method.The algorithm not only possesses the characteristic of globe searching capability but also considers distribution of all data from density angle.The algorithm increases the convergence speed and improves local searching capability by initialization. The experiments with simulated data and real IRIS data show that the clustering effect of the algorithm is better than that of PSO and KMEANS algorithm.