Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of the Diversity of Polyoxins by a Thymine-7-Hydroxylase Homolog outside the Polyoxin Biosynthesis Gene Cluster

ABSTRACT Polyoxins consist of 14 structurally variable components which differentiate at three branch sites of the carbon skeleton. Open reading frame (ORF) SAV_4805 of Streptomyces avermitilis, showing similarity to thymine-7-hydroxylase, was proved to enhance the diversity of polyoxins at the C-5 site of the 1-(5′-amino-5′-deoxy-β-d-allofuranuronosyl) pyrimidine moiety.
Investigation of brain sites mediating cannabinoid-induced antinociception in rats: evidence supporting periaqueductal gray involvement.

The purpose of this study was to elucidate brain areas that mediate cannabinoid-induced antinociception as assessed in the tail-flick test. Intracerebroventricular administration of the prototypical cannabinoid, delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, and the potent bicyclic analog, CP-55,940, produced antinociception at ED50 values of 373 and 64 nmol/rat, respectively. Hypothermic and cataleptic effects also were observed after i.c. v. administration of CP-55,940, but not delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol. In contrast, the endogenous cannabinoid, anandamide, failed to elicit any apparent pharmacological effects. Administration of CP-55,940 into the caudate putamen produced catalepsy, but failed to produce either antinociception or hypothermia. Micro-injection of CP-55,940 into the ventrolateral aspect of the periaqueductal gray (PAG), in the region of the dorsal raphe, produced antinociception (ED50 dose = 28 nmol/rat), catalepsy and hypothermia. CP-56,667, the inactive stereoisomer of CP-55,940, failed to produce any effects when injected into the same site. Additional studies demonstrated that pertussis toxin completely prevented the pharmacological effects of CP-55,940 when both agents were administered into the posterior ventrolateral PAG. In contrast, dibutyryl-cAMP failed to attenuate cannabinoid-induced antinociception. Finally, CP-55,940 administered into either the posterior dorsolateral or the anterior ventrolateral areas of the PAG was without effect. These results indicate that the antinociceptive and cataleptic effects of cannabinoids in the PAG are dose-related, exhibit regional specificity and are enantioselective. Moreover, the complete prevention of these pharmacological effects by pertussis toxin pretreatment in the PAG is consistent with the involvement of G proteins. These findings suggest that the posterior ventrolateral PAG may be an important brain area for the antinociceptive and cataleptic effects of the cannabinoids.
Transcriptional Profiling of Non-Human Primate Lymphoid Organ Responses to Total-Body Irradiation.

The global threat of exposure to radiation and its subsequent outcomes require the development of effective strategies to mitigate immune cell injury. In this study we explored transcriptional and immunophenotypic characteristics of lymphoid organs of a non-human primate model after total-body irradiation (TBI). Fifteen middle-aged adult, ovariectomized, female cynomolgus macaques received a single dose of 0, 2 or 5 Gy gamma radiation. Thymus, spleen and lymph node from three controls and 2 Gy (n = 2) and 5 Gy (n = 2) exposed animals were assessed for molecular responses to TBI through microarray-based transcriptional profiling at day 5 postirradiation, and cellular changes through immunohistochemical (IHC) characterization of markers for B and T lymphocytes and macrophages across all 15 animals at time points up to 6 months postirradiation. Irradiated macaques developed acute hematopoietic syndrome. Analysis of array data at day 5 postirradiation identified transcripts with ≥2-fold difference from control and a false discovery rate (FDR) of Padj < 0.05 in lymph node (n = 666), spleen (n = 493) and thymus (n = 3,014). Increasing stringency of the FDR to P < 0.001 reduced the number of genes to 71 for spleen and 379 for thymus. IHC and gene expression data demonstrated that irradiated animals had reduced numbers of T and B lymphocytes along with relative elevations of macrophages. Transcriptional analysis revealed unique patterns in primary and secondary lymphoid organs of cynomolgus macaques. Among the many differentially regulated transcripts, upregulation of noncoding RNAs [MIR34A for spleen and thymus and NEAT1 (NCRNA00084) for thymus] showed potential as biomarkers of radiation injury and targets for mitigating the effects of radiation-induced hematopoietic syndrome-impaired lymphoid reconstitution.
Use of botulinum toxin A in children with cerebral palsy.

BACKGROUND For more than 20 years, intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin A have been an established treatment for spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. We investigated the proportion of children with cerebral palsy who receive such treatment in Norway and the guidelines that apply to the treatment. MATERIAL AND METHOD Data from the five-year registration in the Cerebral Palsy Registry of Norway were used to investigate the proportion of children with cerebral palsy born in the period 1999-2010 treated with botulinum toxin A, and whether there were any variations in the proportion of children treated between the habilitation centres. We conducted an online survey to identify the treatment guidelines that were applied in all of the 21 habilitation centres. RESULTS A total of 1 414 children (average age 6.3 years) were included, of whom 775 (55 %) had been treated with botulinum toxin A. The proportion of children who received treatment varied considerably between the habilitation centres (38-80 %; p < 0.001). The maximum dose of botulinum toxin A per treatment per patient was 200-600 units of Botox. Five centres reported to have written guidelines for the treatment indication. INTERPRETATION The proportion of children with cerebral palsy who are treated with botulinum toxin A varies considerably between Norwegian habilitation centres.
Automated Epilepsy Diagnosis Using EEG With Test Set Evaluation

Several electroencephalogram (EEG)-based predictive models for automated epilepsy diagnosis have been proposed over more than a decade. However, to the best of our knowledge, none have been evaluated on a holdout/test set. A vast majority of these studies have reported accuracies above 95% on a benchmark EEG dataset, but the dataset has been shown here to have certain limitations when used for building classifiers for epilepsy diagnosis. We implemented two previously reported classifiers trained on the benchmark dataset whose accuracies were observed to drop sharply when evaluated on a test set. We propose a feature, engineered specifically, for epilepsy diagnosis that attempts to characterize the neuronal synchronization using scalp EEG by extending the concept of the impulse response of linear time-invariant systems to matrices. This feature was tested on the EEG of 50 epileptics and 50 healthy subjects and yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.87. It outperforms the existing models implemented by us that gave the AUC of 0.80 when trained and tested on scalp EEG data, thereby, setting the new benchmark for automated epilepsy diagnosis on test set evaluation. The feature has also been shown to have statistical consistency across time and vigilance states with robustness against EEG artifacts.
Proper Name Extraction from Non-Journalistic Texts

This paper discusses the influence of the corpus on the automatic identification of proper names in texts. Techniques developed for the newswire genre are generally not sufficient to deal with larger corpora containing texts that do not follow strict writing constraints (for example, e-mail messages, transcriptions of oral conversations, etc). After a brief review of the research performed on news texts, we present some of the problems involved in the analysis of two different corpora: e-mails and hand-transcribed telephone conversations. Once the sources of errors have been presented, we then describe an approach to adapt a proper name extraction system developed for newspaper texts to the analysis of e-mail
A 59GHz push-push VCO with 13.9GHz tuning range using loop-ground transmission line for a full-band 60GHz transceiver

60GHz wireless communication systems, using the unlicensed frequency band from 57 to 66GHz, are expected to make high-data-rate transfer possible. IEEE 802.15. 3c is finalizing a radio-frequency (RF) allocation composed of four RF bands (each with bandwidth of 2160 MHz) as shown in Fig. 29.7. 1, which also shows a proposed full-band 60GHz superheterodyne transceiver that can cover all the RF bands. A sliding intermediate-frequency (IF) range from 10.584 to 14.040GHz was selected to prevent either an image signal or a local-oscillator-1 (LO1) leakage signal from being transmitted in the RF bands, for which VCOs should provide LO1 signals at frequencies from 46.656 to 51.840GHz. Accordingly, the VCOs must oscillate over a frequency range wider than 20% when considering frequency variations caused by both process and temperature variation. A wide-frequency-tuning-range single VCO is preferred to provide low-cost transceivers since a multi-VCO configuration, which is often used in microwave ICs to cover the wide tuning range, requires a large chip area for the VCOs and additional circuits for a selector or a coupler, resulting in a high chip cost. Several published approaches for wide-tuning range single VCOs [1, 2] usually suffer from a large DC power dissipation or a poor phase noise. Although a push-push VCO approach is suitable for achieving both wide tuning range and low phase noise with small DC power dissipation, it involves a performance trade-off between large output power and wide tuning range; e. g. , a 3.5dBm high-output-power push-push VCO [3] sacrifices a wide frequency tuning range.
A 5-Year intervention study on elimination of urogenital schistosomiasis in Zanzibar: Parasitological results of annual cross-sectional surveys

Background The Zanzibar Elimination of Schistosomiasis Transmission (ZEST) project aimed to eliminate urogenital schistosomiasis as a public health problem from Pemba and to interrupt Schistosoma haematobium transmission from Unguja in 5 years. Methodology A repeated cross-sectional cluster-randomized trial was implemented from 2011/12 till 2017. On each island, 45 shehias were randomly assigned to receive one of three interventions: biannual mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel alone, or in combination with snail control or behavior change measures. In cross-sectional surveys, a single urine sample was collected from ~9,000 students aged 9- to 12-years and from ~4,500 adults aged 20- to 55-years annually, and from ~9,000 1st year students at baseline and the final survey. Each sample was examined for S. haematobium eggs by a single urine filtration. Prevalence and infection intensity were determined. Odds of infection were compared between the intervention arms. Principal findings Prevalence was reduced from 6.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.5%-7.6%) to 1.7% (95% CI: 1.2%-2.2%) in 9- to 12-year old students, from 3.9% (95% CI: 2.8%-5.0%) to 1.5% (95% CI: 1.0%-2.0%) in adults, and from 8.8% (95% CI: 6.5%-11.2%) to 2.6% (95% CI: 1.7%-3.5%) in 1st year students from 2011/12 to 2017. In 2017, heavy infection intensities occurred in 0.4% of 9- to 12-year old students, 0.1% of adults, and 0.8% of 1st year students. Considering 1st year students in 2017, 13/45 schools in Pemba and 4/45 schools in Unguja had heavy infection intensities >1%. There was no significant difference in prevalence between the intervention arms in any study group and year. Conclusions/Significance Urogenital schistosomiasis was eliminated as public health problem from most sites in Pemba and Unguja. Prevalence was significantly reduced, but transmission was not interrupted. Continued interventions that are adaptive and tailored to the micro-epidemiology of S. haematobium in Zanzibar are needed to sustain and advance the gains made by ZEST.
Perspective of Pakistani Physicians towards Hospital Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs: A Multisite Exploratory Qualitative Study

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat and the antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) is a globally used tool to combat AMR. There is little information on the views among Pakistani physicians regarding AMR and the benefits of hospital antimicrobial stewardship implementation. This study was designed to explore the physicians’ views about ASP. Methods: Qualitative face-to-face and telephonic interviews were conducted by using purposive sampling method with 22 physicians working in seven tertiary care public hospitals of Punjab, Pakistan. All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative software was used, and a thematic analysis was conducted. Results: Three broad themes were identified: (1) the growing concern of antimicrobial resistance in Pakistan, (2) the role(s) of healthcare professionals in antibiotic prescribing, and (3) managing antibiotic resistance in hospitals. Inadequate resources, poor healthcare facilities, and insufficiently trained medical staff were the major hurdles in ASP implementation in Pakistan. Conclusions: Our study found a poor familiarity of hospital ASP among physicians working in public sector tertiary care teaching hospitals, and a number of distinct themes emerged during this study that could be helpful in establishing the concept of hospital ASP in Pakistan. Overall, physicians showed a positive attitude towards the enforcement of ASP in all healthcare settings, including teaching hospitals.
Cicatricial pemphigoid with circulating autoantibodies to β4 integrin, bullous pemphigoid 180 and bullous pemphigoid 230

Cicatricial pemphigoid is a heterogeneous group of autoimmune subepidermal blistering diseases associated most commonly with autoantibodies to bullous pemphigoid (BP)180 and less frequently with those to laminin 5 or type VII collagen. In addition, a few cases have been described with autoantibodies to the β4 subunit of α6β4 integrin. We describe a patient with extensive disease of ocular, oral, pharyngeal, laryngeal and genital mucous membranes that healed with scarring of conjunctivae. IgG autoantibodies bound to the dermal–epidermal junction on direct immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy and to the epidermal side of 1 mol L−1 NaCl‐split skin on indirect IF microscopy. Our patient's circulating IgG recognized a 205‐kDa protein in extracts of 293T cells transfected with the β4 subunit of α6β4 integrin and in the cell extract of DJM‐1 cells. Our patient's IgG and IgA autoantibodies also reacted with full‐length BP180 derived from epidermal extracts and the ectodomain of BP180 (LAD‐1) derived from culture supernatant of keratinocytes. In addition, a weak IgG reaction with BP230 was noted. The disease rapidly responded to dexamethasone‐cyclophosphamide pulse therapy, and immunoblot reactivity to both β4 integrin and BP180 decreased according to disease activity.
The First Direct Detection of a Gravitational μ-Lens toward the Galactic Bulge

We present a direct detection of the gravitational lens that caused the microlensing event MACHO-95-BLG-37. This is the first fully resolved microlensing system involving a source in the Galactic bulge, and the second such system in general. The lens and source are clearly resolved in images taken with the High Resolution Channel of the Advanced Camera for Surveys on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) ~9 yr after the microlensing event. The currently available data are not sufficient for the final, unambiguous identification of the gravitational lens and the microlensed source. While the light-curve models combined with the high-resolution photometry for individual objects indicate that the source is red and the lens is blue, the color-magnitude diagram for the line of sight and the observed proper motions strongly support the opposite case. The first scenario points to a metal-poor lens with mass M ≈ 0.6 M☉ at the distance Dl ≈ 4 kpc. In the second scenario, the lens could be a main-sequence star with M = 0.8-0.9 M☉ about halfway to the Galactic bulge or in the foreground disk, depending on the extinction.
Parallelized agent-based simulation on CPU and graphics hardware for spatial and stochastic models in biology

The complexity of biological systems is enormous, even when considering a single cell where a multitude of highly parallel and intertwined processes take place on the molecular level. This paper focuses on the parallel simulation of signal transduction processes within a cell carried out solely on the graphics processing unit (GPU). Each signaling molecule is represented by an agent performing a discretetime continuous-space random walk to model its diffusion through the cell. Since the interactions and reactions between the agents can be competitive and are interdependent, we propose spatial partitioning for the reaction detection to overcome the data dependencies in the parallel execution of reactions. In addition, we present a simple way to simulate the Michaelis-Menten kinetics in our particle-based method using a per-particle delay. We apply this agent-based simulation to model signal transduction in the MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) cascade both with and without cytoskeletal filaments. Finally, we compare the speed-up of our GPU simulation with a parallelized CPU version resulting in a twelvefold speedup.
A census of cusped hyperbolic 3-manifolds

The census provides a basic collection of noncompact hyperbolic 3-manifolds of finite volume. It contains descriptions of all hyperbolic 3-manifolds obtained by gluing the faces of at most seven ideal tetrahedra. Additionally, various geometric and topological invariants are calculated for these manifolds. The findings are summarized and a listing of all manifolds appears in the microfiche supplement.
The controversy about cognitive behavioural therapy for schizophrenia

235 treatment, the WHO retained the category to help ensure access to appropriate clinical care while addressing stigma through its placement in the new chapter of conditions related to sexual health as well as through additional information in the CDDG. In interpreting these comments, it is clear that many of the submissions have been made from an advocacy perspective, of­ ten focused on a particular category. It is appropriate for scientif­ ic experts to review their recommendations in the light of patient experience and feedback. The WHO has used the comments and proposals on the beta platform in combination with other sourc­ es of information, particularly developmental field studies, as a basis for making modifications in the MMS and CDDG.
Association between Sleep Disturbances and Emotional/Behavioral Problems in Chinese and Japanese Preschoolers

ABSTRACT Objectives: Sleep disturbances are often associated with emotional/behavioral problems in young children, but whether the association differs among Asian countries remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between sleep disturbances and emotional/behavioral problems in Chinese and Japanese preschoolers and to explore potential differences. Methods: Participants were 1,020 Chinese preschoolers from 10 cities and 438 Japanese preschoolers from 1 city aged 4 to 5 years. Parents filled out the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results: Chinese children with sleep disturbances (defined as total CSHQ score >41) demonstrated more peer problems than children without, while there was no such difference in Japanese preschoolers. Domains of sleep disturbances associated with emotional/behavioral problems in Chinese children were sleep disordered breathing and daytime sleepiness, yet in Japanese children were sleep anxiety and night wakings. Children with a higher score of sleep anxiety showed more emotional problems in Japan, but fewer conduct problems in China. Conclusions: Sleep disturbances were associated with emotional/behavioral problems in preschoolers with differences between China and Japan, indicating subcultural differences in preschoolers’ sleep within Asian countries. Abbreviations: CSHQ: Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire; SDQ: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; ANCOVA: analysis of covariance; SD: standard deviation; CI: confidence interval.
QSPRs for Molecular Diffusion Coefficients in Polymeric Passive Samplers: A Comparison of Simple Molecular and Quantum‐mechanical Sigma‐moment Descriptors

Linear quantitative structure‐property relationships (QSPRs) for the prediction of diffusion coefficients (log Dp) were developed for organic contaminants in two common passive sampler materials, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). Literature data was compiled for both PDMS and LDPE resulting in final data sets of 196 and 79 compounds, respectively. Data sets contained compounds with log Dp values that ranged over about 5 log units and 3 log units for PDMS and LDPE, respectively. The quality of log Dp prediction using either simple molecular descriptors or quantum‐chemical based COSMO‐RS sigma moment descriptors was compared for both materials. For PDMS, the sigma moment descriptor QSPR had the best predictivity with a correlation coefficient of R2=0.85 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.36 for log Dp. The molecular descriptor QSPR resulted in a correlation coefficient of R2=0.78 and RMSE of 0.45 for log Dp. For LDPE, the molecular descriptor QSPR had the best predictivity, with the final correlation coefficient of R2=0.86 and RMSE of 0.21 for log Dp. The sigma moment descriptor QSPR resulted in a correlation coefficient of R2=0.66 and RMSE of 0.33 for log Dp. The purely electronic structure‐based sigma moments are therefore shown to be a viable option for descriptors compared to the more commonly used molecular descriptors for organic contaminants in PDMS. The significance of the descriptors in each QSPR is discussed.
Bullying Perpetration and Victimization among Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity in a Nationally Representative Sample.

Background: Adolescents with obesity are more likely to experience bullying in comparison to their healthy weight peers. However, it is unclear whether adolescents with obesity are more likely to perpetuate bullying or be both, a bully perpetrator and a bully victim. The purpose of this analysis was to examine differences in bully perpetration, victimization, and both (perpetration and victimization) by BMI classification in a nationally representative sample of adolescents. Methods: Analyses included 31,770 adolescents, ages 10-17, from the combined 2016-2017 National Survey of Children's Health. Adolescents were grouped by BMI classification; outcome variables included bullying, difficulty making new friends, excessive arguing, depression, and behavioral conduct problems. Logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, race, household income, highest level of education in the household, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder assessed the odds of each outcome comparing healthy weight to adolescents with overweight and obesity. Results: Adolescents with overweight and obesity had greater odds of experiencing bullying behaviors: bully victim [odds ratio (OR) = 1.34 and 2.03] and both bully perpetrator and victim (OR = 1.37 and 2.01) (p's < 0.05), respectively, in comparison to healthy weight peers. Adolescents with overweight or obesity involved in bullying behaviors had significantly higher odds of behavioral conduct problems, depression, arguing excessively, and having difficulty making friends compared to adolescents with overweight or obesity who were neither a bully perpetrator nor victim (p's < 0.05). Conclusions: To promote overall health and well-being among adolescents with overweight and obesity, effort should be made to mitigate engagement in and/or victimization from bullying and associated behavioral or depressive symptoms.