Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Transient loss of consciousness in ischaemic cerebral events. A study of 557 ischaemic strokes and transient ischaemic attacks (author's transl)].

A study was done of 31 episodes of transient loss of consciousness occurring at the onset of 557 cerebral ischaemic events selected on the basis of a well known mode of onset, excluding prolonged comas. The following conclusions can be drawn: Transient loss of consciousness is uncommon in ischaemic strokes (6.5 p. cent), occurring twice as often in cardiac emboli (13.2 p. cent) as in a atherothrombotic brain infarction (6.2 p. cent), and more often in carotid (8.4 p. cent) than in vertebro-basilar (5.7 p. cent) territory. The incidence is however similar in both territories (4.6 p. cent and 4.8 p. cent) when epilepsy is excluded. Epilepsy accounts for nearly half (3.8 p. 100) of all losses of consciousness in hemispheric strokes, but was encountered neither in lacunar strokes nor in transient ischaemic attacks (T.I.A.). Transient loss of consciousness is uncommon in basilar TIAs, and extremely rare in lacunar strokes (1.5 p. 100) and in carotid TIAs (0 p. 100). Presumed mechanisms and practical implications are discussed.
Mechanisms of Functional Recovery in Traumatic Brain Injury

Strategies to achieve this will be discussed later. However, while the central nervous system of mammals shows little regenerative capability, there is evidence that surviving neurons do undergo morphologic changes that may contribute to the spontaneous recovery described in the Introduction. These include changes in the number of postsynaptic receptors, the size and complexity of the dendritic trees of spared neurons and collateral sprouting of spared
Characterisation of ATP-Dependent Mur Ligases Involved in the Biogenesis of Cell Wall Peptidoglycan in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

ATP-dependent Mur ligases (Mur synthetases) play essential roles in the biosynthesis of cell wall peptidoglycan (PG) as they catalyze the ligation of key amino acid residues to the stem peptide at the expense of ATP hydrolysis, thus representing potential targets for antibacterial drug discovery. In this study we characterized the division/cell wall (dcw) operon and identified a promoter driving the co-transcription of mur synthetases along with key cell division genes such as ftsQ and ftsW. Furthermore, we have extended our previous investigations of MurE to MurC, MurD and MurF synthetases from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Functional analyses of the pure recombinant enzymes revealed that the presence of divalent cations is an absolute requirement for their activities. We also observed that higher concentrations of ATP and UDP-sugar substrates were inhibitory for the activities of all Mur synthetases suggesting stringent control of the cytoplasmic steps of the peptidoglycan biosynthetic pathway. In line with the previous findings on the regulation of mycobacterial MurD and corynebacterial MurC synthetases via phosphorylation, we found that all of the Mur synthetases interacted with the Ser/Thr protein kinases, PknA and PknB. In addition, we critically analyzed the interaction network of all of the Mur synthetases with proteins involved in cell division and cell wall PG biosynthesis to re-evaluate the importance of these key enzymes as novel therapeutic targets in anti-tubercular drug discovery.
Co‐Witness Influence on Children's Memory Reports: The Difference is in the Details1

This study examined the effect of social influence on children's witness reports, with respect to a number of details varying in centrality. Children (N = 115; age = 10 years, 4 months to 13 years, 8 months) were interviewed about a personally experienced event. Half of the children were interviewed together with a confederate who answered the interview questions before the child did, while the other half were interviewed alone. Children were influenced by the confederate's answers to withhold some critical details observed (omission errors), but not to add details not observed (commission errors). When the children were asked to follow up on their reports, truthful reports contained more information than did false reports.
Use of liquid hydrocarbon and amide transfer data to estimate contributions to thermodynamic functions of protein folding from the removal of nonpolar and polar surface from water.

This extension of the liquid hydrocarbon model seeks to quantify the thermodynamic contributions to protein stability from the removal of nonpolar and polar surface from water. Thermodynamic data for the transfer of hydrocarbons and organic amides from water to the pure liquid phase are analyzed to obtain contributions to the thermodynamics of folding from the reduction in water-accessible surface area. Although the removal of nonpolar surface makes the dominant contribution to the standard heat capacity change of folding (delta C0fold), here we show that inclusion of the contribution from removal of polar surface allows a quantitative prediction of delta C0fold within the uncertainty of the calorimetrically determined value. Moreover, analysis of the contribution of polar surface area to the enthalpy of transfer of liquid amides provides a means of estimating the contributions from changes in nonpolar and polar surface area as well as other factors to the enthalpy of folding (delta H0fold). In addition to estimates of delta H0fold, this extension of the liquid hydrocarbon model provides a thermodynamic explanation for the observation [Privalov, P. L. , & Khechinashvili, N. N. (1974) J. Mol. Biol. 86, 665-684] that the specific enthalpy of folding (cal g-1) of a number of globular proteins converges to a common value at approximately 383 K. Because amounts of nonpolar and polar surface area buried by these proteins upon folding are found to be linear functions of molar mass, estimates of both delta C0fold and delta H0fold may be obtained given only the molar mass of the protein of interest. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Herencia y cuidado: transiciones en la obligación filial

El objetivo del presente texto es analizar el discurso moral sobre la obligacion filial y su sistema de recompensa para comprender el papel de la herencia en el cuidado. Los datos provienen de dos trabajos de campo, uno con ancianos y otro con jovenes de los sectores populares de Guadalajara, Mexico. La obligacion filial continua siendo un ciclo de reciprocidad de cuidado entre padres e hijos, mientras que su sistema de recompensa experimenta un proceso de transicion cuando la herencia deja de ser una forma de recompensa y es sustituida por otras expresiones de gratitud basadas en el capital social
Decision Focus and Consumer Choice Among Assortments

This research examines an empirical paradox documented by prior research: when choosing among assortments, consumers opt for the variety offered by larger assortments; however, consumers often are less confident in choices made from larger rather than from smaller assortments. By implying that consumers cannot always accurately predict their need for variety, this preference inconsistency also raises the question of what factors influence consumers' tendency to overestimate their need for the flexibility offered by larger assortments. Building on the view of choice as a hierarchical decision process, this research posits that choice among assortments is a function of consumers' decision focus and, in particular, the degree to which the subsequent task of making a choice from the selected assortment is salient to consumers. The data from four experiments offer converging evidence for the moderating role of decision focus on choice among assortments.
Intergenerational Transmission of the Reminiscence Bump and Biographical Conflict Knowledge

In the study reported here, we investigated intergenerational transmission of life stories in two groups of young adults: a conflict group and a nonconflict group. Only participants in the conflict group had parents who lived through violent political upheaval. All participants recalled and dated 10 important events from one of their parents’ lives. There were three main findings. First, both groups produced sets of events that displayed a reminiscence bump related to the parent’s estimated age at the time of the event. Second, the majority of the events in both groups were transitions that were perceived to have exerted a significant psychological and material impact on a parent’s life. Third, in the conflict group, 25% of recalled events were conflict related. This finding indicates that historical conflict knowledge is passed from one generation to the next and that it is understood to have had a personally relevant, life-altering effect. Moreover, the findings suggest that transitional impact and perceived importance help determine which events children will remember from a parent’s life.
Ten-year mortality rate in relation to observations at a bicycle exercise test in patients with a suspected or confirmed ischemic event but no or only minor myocardial damage: influence of subsequent revascularization.

AIM Our purpose was to describe symptoms and electrocardiographic findings at a bicycle exercise test 4 weeks after hospitalization for a suspected or confirmed acute ischemic event but either no or only minor myocardial necrosis and its relationship to long-term prognosis and subsequent revascularization. METHODS In all patients a symptom-limited bicycle exercise test was performed 4 weeks after discharge from the hospital. The total mortality rate over 10 years was registered. RESULTS In all, 770 patients participated in the evaluation. The median age was 63 years, and 34% were women. The most frequent reason for stopping the exercise test was fatigue (69%) followed by dyspnea (33%) and angina pectoris (15%). Angina pectoris was observed in 24% of the patients. ST-segment depression >or=1 mm was observed in 50% and ST-segment depression >or=2 mm was observed in 15% of the patients. The 10-year mortality rate in patients with ST-segment depression >or=2 mm was 24.7%, in patients with ST-segment depression 1.0 to 1.9 mm 33.5%, and in patients with ST-segment depression <1 mm 26.9% (not significant [NS]). Patients with symptoms of angina pectoris had a 10-year mortality rate of 29.4% compared with 27.9% among patients without such symptoms (NS). Patients who had either a drop in systolic blood pressure or failure to raise systolic blood pressure (13%) had a 10-year mortality rate of 36.2% compared with 27.2% among patients without such signs (NS). However, there was a significant association between maximum exercise capacity (in watts) and mortality (P < .0001): 53.8% in the lowest quartile (30-70 W) and 10.2% in the highest (>120 w). When clinical history was considered simultaneously, a low exercise capacity remained as a strong independent predictor of death together with age and a history of either acute myocardial infarction, smoking, or diabetes mellitus. Mechanical revascularization during the subsequent 5 years interacted only with angina pectoris and prognosis; thus patients who had angina during the exercise test had a worse prognosis than those without if they were not being revascularized. CONCLUSION Among patients hospitalized with a suspected or confirmed acute ischemic event but either no or only minor myocardial necrosis, we found the maximum working capacity at a symptom-limited bicycle exercise test to be independently associated with the long-term prognosis but not other signs of myocardial ischemia. Further predictors for long-term prognosis were age, a history of acute myocardial infarction, current smoking, and diabetes mellitus. Mechanical revascularization during the subsequent 5 years interacted with the influence of symptoms of angina during test and prognosis.
A mobility cost model for ID/LOC separation networks

The number of mobile Internet users has been rapidly increasing. With a variety of emerging services, the mobile environments are expected to play a more important role in the future. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model to analyze the average total cost for quantitatively assessing the effectiveness of ID/LOC separation scheme in supporting mobility. Our model takes into account the source mobility as well as the destination mobility. We also propose the average total cost based on the mobility support protocols such as MIP and PMIP. We provide the criterion for judgment of cost-effectiveness by comparing the average total cost of typical ID/LOC separation schemes and the one of the mobility support protocols.
Pro-environmental behavior : identifying determinants that could predict different types of pro-environmental behavior

This study aims to integrate internal and external determinants in an understanding framework and to investigate whether there is a difference in predicting behavior between different types of pro-environmental behavior (PEB). Gaining a detailed understanding of which determinants could predict PEB is important for strategy makers and researchers seeking solutions to environmental problems that require behavioral change. To realize this objective, an in-depth literature review is conducted where determinants and specific types of PEB are identified. Based on this literature review a new model is concluded. This model expands the theory of planned behavior and also takes into account attitudinal beliefs, the influence of the Dutch government and habitual behavior. Such a comprehensive model has not been developed before and can offer a systematic approach for explaining different types of PEB. At the end a questionnaire is conducted to test the validity of this model and to compare the predictive power of the determinants between the specific types of PEB. The results showed that each type of PEB is explained by multiple determinants which indicate that the most effective behavior change strategies involve combinations of determinants. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the determinants attitude and biospheric values are the main predictors of the intention to act pro-environmentally and the specific types of PEB. In addition, the determinants responsibility, defeatism and perceived costs & benefits are attitudinal beliefs and can predict an individual’s attitude. To conclude, this study has identified seven types of PEB and proved that the determinants between these different types of PEB can differ. Furthermore, the present study has proved that the determinant attitude has underlying beliefs and that a general attitude could be seen as an evaluation of these beliefs. Finally, the model of determinants of PEB and the specific types of PEB provide a standard for further research.
Integrating Global Satellite-Derived Data Products as a Pre-Analysis for Hydrological Modelling Studies: A Case Study for the Red River Basin

With changes in weather patterns and intensifying anthropogenic water use, there is an increasing need for spatio-temporal information on water fluxes and stocks in river basins. The assortment of satellite-derived open-access information sources on rainfall (P) and land use/land cover (LULC) is currently being expanded with the application of actual evapotranspiration (ETact) algorithms on the global scale. We demonstrate how global remotely sensed P and ETact datasets can be merged to examine hydrological processes such as storage changes and streamflow prior to applying a numerical simulation model. The study area is the Red River Basin in China in Vietnam, a generally challenging basin for remotely sensed information due to frequent cloud cover. Over this region, several satellite-based P and ETact products are compared, and performance is evaluated using rain gauge records and longer-term averaged streamflow. A method is presented for fusing multiple satellite-derived ETact estimates to generate an ensemble product that may be less susceptible, on a global basis, to errors in individual modeling approaches. Subsequently, monthly satellite-derived rainfall and ETact are combined to assess the water balance for individual subcatchments and types of land use, defined using a global land use classification improved based on auxiliary satellite data. It was found that a combination of TRMM rainfall and the ensemble ETact product is consistent with streamflow records in both space and time. It is concluded that monthly storage changes, multi-annual streamflow and water yield per LULC type in the Red River Basin can be successfully assessed based on currently available global satellite-derived products.
Electronic Band Structures and Phase Transitions of Ferroelectric and Multiferroic Oxides

Perovskite ferroelectric (FE) materials have attracted considerable attention for a wide range of applications, such as dynamic random access memories (DRAM), microwave tunable phase shifters and second harmonic generators (SHGs). [1–3] Moreover, materials that have coupled electric, magnetic, and structural order parameters that result in simultaneous ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, and ferroelasticity are known as multiferroics. [4–6] These multiferroics materials have attracted a lot of attention in recent years because they can potentially offer a whole range of new applications, including nonvolatile ferroelectric memories, novel multiple state memories, and devices based on magnetoeletric effects. Although there are some reports on the electrical and magnetic properties of perovskite-type ferroelectric and multiferroics materials, optical properties and electronic transitions have not been well investigated up to now. On the other hand, phase transition is one of the important characteristics for the ferroelectric/multiferroics system. As we know, the phase transition is strongly related to the structural variation, which certainly can result in the electronic band modifications. Therefore, one can study the phase transition of the above material systems by the corresponding spectral response behavior at different temperatures.
Parents’ Attitudes Toward Heritage Language Maintenance for Their Children and Their Efforts to Help Their Children Maintain the Heritage Language: A Case Study of Korean-Canadian Immigrants

In this study we explore Korean immigrant parents’ attitudes toward heritage language maintenance for their children and their efforts to help their children maintain Korean as their heritage language in Montreal. Some implications for mainstream school policies and classroom practices are touched on briefly. Data were collected from nine Korean immigrant parents who had a child (or children) between the ages of 6–18 in 2005, using a questionnaire and interviews. The interviews asked about Korean immigrant parents’ attitudes toward heritage language and cultural identity maintenance for their children and attitudes toward the Korean language, the Korean community, and the Korean churches; four items designed to obtain information about parents’ efforts to help their children maintain the heritage language both at home and outside of the home were also included. The findings suggest that Korean immigrant parents are very positive toward their children’s heritage language maintenance. Korean parents believe that their children’s high level of proficiency in the Korean language would help their children keep their cultural identity as Koreans, ensure them better future economic opportunities, and give them more chances to communicate with their grandparents efficiently.
Epistemic Oppression and Epistemic Privilege

Definissant le phenomene d'oppression epistemique en termes de structuration de notre comprehension du monde social, l'A. etudie la strategie epistemologique de N. Hartsock qui consiste a opposer a l'oppression epistemique la theorie marxiste-feministe du point de vue, qui offre le privilege epistemique d'une comprehension collective du monde social fondee sur une conception hermeneutique de l'action affirmative.
If you look at …: Lexical Bundles in University Teaching and Textbooks

This paper investigates the use of multi-word sequences in two important university registers: classroom teaching and textbooks. Following Biber et al. (1999), we take a frequency-driven approach to the identification of multi-word sequences, referred to as 'lexical bundles'. We compare the lexical bundles in classroom teaching and textbooks to those found in our previous research on conversation and academic prose. Structural patterns are described first, and then we present a functional taxonomy, including stance expressions, discourse organizers, and referential expressions. The use of lexical bundles in classroom teaching turns out to be especially surprising, both in frequency and in function. Classroom teaching uses more stance and discourse organizing bundles than conversation does, but at the same time, classroom teaching uses more referential bundles than academic prose. The analysis indicates that lexical bundles - the most frequent sequences of words in a register - are a unique linguistic construct. Lexical bundles are usually not complete grammatical structures nor are they idiomatic, but they function as basic building blocks of discourse. In the conclusion, we discuss the implications of our study for the theoretical status of lexical bundles.
THE PROLIFERATIVE AND ANAMNESTIC ANTIBODY RESPONSE OF RABBIT LYMPHOID CELLS IN VITRO

Both primary and secondary responses to sheep erythrocytes and to Brucella abortus antigen have been obtained in cultures of dispersed rabbit spleen cells. Removal of adherent cells by repeated incubation of spleen cells on absorbent cotton diminished the ability of the spleen cell suspensions to give secondary as well as primary responses in vitro. When comparing cultures made in dishes and in tubes, the loss of responsiveness after incubation on cotton was much more evident in the dish cultures. It was concluded that the cell-to-cell interaction needed for immune responses to particulate antigens in vitro was more readily interfered with when the cells were spread over a larger surface area. The proliferative response to antigen, as measured by uptake of 3H-thymidine in tube cultures of the sensitive spleen cells, appeared particularly resistant to the depletion effect of adherent cell removal. Dispersed spleen cells from sensitized mice gave a secondary response to sheep erythrocytes. This response was readily abolished by one incubation on absorbent cotton when the cells were cultured in dishes.
Using body language indicators for assessing the effects of soundscape quality on individuals

“Sounding Brighton” is a collaborative project exploring practical approaches towards better soundscapes focusing on soundscape issues related to health, quality of life and restorative functions of the environment. The project is part of a citywide engagement process working to provide opportunities to demonstrate how an applied soundscape approach might: tackle conventional noise problems, contribute to local planning and improve the environment in areas including urban green spaces, the built environment and traffic noise. So far, a soundscape map of the city has been developed, and a public outreach exhibition and conferences have taken place. One preliminary, experimental soundscape intervention in night noise has been analysed. This paper reports on further work to develop a better understanding of the effects of soundscapes on individual and community responses to soundscape through the use of body language indicators. Two-minute excerpts of aversive and preferred music were presented to 11 healthy volunteers in a motion-capture laboratory setting. Their responses were quantified computationally using motion-capture-derived parameters for position, absolute movement speed, and stillness. The prevalence of stillness of the head height (based on a 2 cm cut-off during 2-second sectors) was significantly lower when volunteers were exposed to unpleasant music compared to preferred music. This experiment provides proof in principle that changes in soundscape can be associated with subsequent, objective and statistically significant changes in body language that can be detected computationally.