Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diabetes and end-stage renal disease; a review article on new concepts

It is well established that diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause or in combination with hypertensive nephropathy are the most common causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in developed and developing countries. For this review, we used a variety of sources by searching through PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Current Content and Iran Medex from January 1990 up to December 2014. Manuscripts published in English and Persian languages, as full-text articles, and or as abstract were included in the study. Patient survival in diabetics on maintenance renal replacement therapy including hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD) and kidney transplantation is significantly lower than that seen in nondiabetics with ESRD. The poor prognosis of diabetic patients with ESRD is partly due to presence of significant cardiovascular disease, problems with vascular access, more susceptible to infections, foot ulcer, and hemodynamic instability during HD. Although, many complications related to kidney transplantation may occur in diabetic ESRD patients, multiple studies have found that the kidney transplantation is the preferred renal replacement therapy for diabetic patients with ESRD and it is associated with a much better survival and quality of life than dialysis among these patients.
Why Y RNAs? About Versatile RNAs and Their Functions

Y RNAs constitute a family of highly conserved small noncoding RNAs (in humans: 83-112 nt; Y1, Y3, Y4 and Y5). They are transcribed from individual genes by RNA-polymerase III and fold into conserved stem-loop-structures. Although discovered 30 years ago, insights into the cellular and physiological role of Y RNAs remains incomplete. In this review, we will discuss knowledge on the structural properties, associated proteins and discuss proposed functions of Y RNAs. We suggest Y RNAs to be an integral part of ribonucleoprotein networks within cells and could therefore have substantial influence on many different cellular processes. Putative functions of Y RNAs include small RNA quality control, DNA replication, regulation of the cellular stress response and proliferation. This suggests Y RNAs as essential regulators of cell fate and indicates future avenues of research, which will provide novel insights into the role of small noncoding RNAs in gene expression.
Patterns in random binary search trees

In a randomly grown binary search tree (BST) of size n, any fixed pattern occurs with a frequency that is on average proportional to n. Deviations from the average case are highly unlikely and well quantified by a Gaussian law. Trees with forbidden patterns occur with an exponentially small probability that is characterized in terms of Bessel functions. The results obtained extend to BSTs a type of property otherwise known for strings and combinatorial tree models. They apply to paged trees or to quicksort with halting on short subfiles. As a consequence, various pointer saving strategies for maintaining trees obeying the random BST model can be precisely quantified. The methods used are based on analytic models, especially bivariate generating functions subjected to singularity perturbation asymptotics.
Descriptores temporales-espaciales en la detección automática de información audiovisual

La presente investigacion tiene como objetivo proponer un metodo para la deteccion automatica de puntos de interes en contenido audiovisual utilizando la informacion temporal y espacial. Este metodo es una alternativa novedosa que pueden aplicar los medios de comunicacion en sus centros de documentacion audiovisual, con el fin de lograr una localizacion del contenido audiovisual en videos de forma automatica, lo que facilita la gestion de informacion. Igualmente es crucial su aplicacion en sistemas para la busqueda y catalogacion de medias y sistemas que realicen gestion documental y archivistica. En este trabajo se propone el uso de diferentes tipos de descriptores para la creacion de vocabularios para tareas de deteccion de objetos diferentes en movimientos y acciones. El metodo supone que las clases de objetos o acciones son desconocidas por adelantado y explota las propiedades temporales y espaciales de los videos para la creacion de un vocabulario que describe estas clases. Las caracteristicas del espacio y el tiempo se han convertido recientemente en una representacion popular de los videos para el reconocimiento de acciones y la deteccion objetos. El nuevo metodo presentado se compara con propuestas actuales para situaciones similares, obteniendo mejores resultados en la precision y el rechazo de objetos o acciones falsas
Colostomy Closure: Impact of Preoperative Risk Factors on Morbidity

The objective of this study was to stratify patients for colostomy closure into risk categories according to preoperative variables. This was a retrospective case series. Median follow-up was 82 months. A tertiary care academic medical center was the setting for this study. A study sample of 155 consecutive patients who underwent colostomy closure at a single institution between 1985 and 1995 were included in this study. The following preoperative variables were analyzed: indication for colostomy fashioning; age; gender; American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class; presence of cardiac, renal, or pulmonary dysfunctions; presence of diabetes mellitus; and immunosuppression. The occurrence of adverse outcome, as evidenced by postoperative morbidity and mortality, was used as the main outcome measure. Complications occurred in 49 patients (31.6%), including a 1.3 per cent mortality. There was a trend of increasing morbidity with increasing ASA class. The single factor that showed a statistically significant increase in morbidity was the presence of diabetes (P = 0.036). Predicted probabilities of complications for patients with ASA HI with renal disease was 31 per cent, increased to 47.9 per cent if cardiac disease was also present and to 77 per cent with the addition of diabetes. The presence of diabetes carries an independent risk factor for adverse outcome in colostomy closure. This study provides information about stratification of postoperative risk based on commonly available preoperative variables. In the majority of cases, colostomy closure seems to carry a very acceptable complication rate. In selected patients with multiple preoperative risk factors, the morbidity becomes significantly higher.
The Paradoxical Fate of the Representative Firm

More than 100 years have passed since Alfred Marshall introduced the representative firm to economic theory in 1891. During this long period of time, many arguments have been raised giving either support or opposition to the concept. In recent years, macroeconomists have taken an increasing interest in the representative firm. Since the beginning of the modern microfoundations literature in the early 1970s, the representative firm and its big brother, the representative agent, have been made essential analytical tools for linking macroeconomics and microeconomics. Within this debate, the microfoundation of business cycle theory has played a prominent role.
Learning dynamic information needs: A collaborative topic variation inspection approach

For projects in knowledge-intensive domains, it is crucially important that knowledge management systems are able to track and infer workers’ up-to-date information needs so that task-relevant information can be delivered in a timely manner. To put a worker’s dynamic information needs into perspective, we propose a topic variation inspection model to facilitate the application of an implicit relevance feedback (IRF) algorithm and collaborative filtering in user modeling. The model analyzes variations in a worker’s task-needs for a topic (i.e., personal topic needs) over time, monitors changes in the topics of collaborative actors, and then adjusts the worker’s profile accordingly. We conducted a number of experiments to evaluate the efficacy of the model in terms of precision, recall, and F-measure. The results suggest that the proposed collaborative topic variation inspection approach can substantially improve the performance of a basic profiling method adapted from the classical RF algorithm. It can also improve the accuracy of other methods when a worker’s information needs are vague or evolving, i.e., when there is a high degree of variation in the worker’s topic-needs. Our findings have implications for the design of an effective collaborative information filtering and retrieval model, which is crucial for reusing an organization’s knowledge assets effectively.
Offloading through Opportunistic Networks with Dynamic Content Requests

Offloading is gaining momentum as a technique to overcome the cellular capacity crunch due to the surge of mobile data traffic demand. Multiple offloading techniques are currently under investigation, from modifications inside the cellular network architecture, to integration of multiple wireless broadband infrastructures, to exploiting direct communications between mobile devices. In this paper we focus on the latter type of offloading, and specifically on offloading through opportunistic networks. As opposed to most of the literature looking at this type of offloading, in this paper we consider the case where requests for content are non-synchronised, i.e. users request content at random points in time. We support this scenario through a very simple offloading scheme, whereby no epidemic dissemination occurs in the opportunistic network. Thus our scheme is minimally invasive for users' mobile devices, as it uses only minimally their resources. Then, we provide an analysis on the efficiency of our offloading mechanism (in terms of percentage of offloaded traffic) in representative vehicular settings, where content needs to be delivered to (subsets of the) users in specific geographical areas. Depending on various parameters, we show that a simple and resource-savvy offloading scheme can nevertheless offload a very large fraction of the traffic (up to more than 90%, and always more than 20%). We also highlight configurations where such a technique is less effective, and therefore a more aggressive use of mobile nodes resources would be needed.
The Psychiatric Approach to Crime and Correction

The psychiatrist has a peculiarly tolerant atttitude toward criminal behavior, which is born out of his recognition of the welter of antisocial impulses occurring in noncrininal individuals. This has been known to wise men throughout the ages. Goethe said, "There is no crime of which I do not deem myself capable. "l The psychoanalytic studies of normal individuals have revealed a quantum of aggression and hostility in everyone. Indeed, most persons have sadistic fantasies and murderous dreams. The fascination that newspaper accounts of crime, crime novels, and crime dramas have, for vast numbers of people, is surely dependent, in large measure, upon the ubiquity of antisocial impulses. The ease with which peaceable men can be transformed into relentless warriors is further evidence of this. People do not stop to consider the fact that evolution is a painfully slow process and that the child born in the modern aseptic delivery room is as savagely amoral as that produced by our neolithic progenitors. Indeed, socialization is, in many respects, as marvelous a phenomenon as physical growth itself. The psychiatrist realizes that a psychological differentiation between the neurotic criminal, who heedlessly and persistently risks his freedom to acquire money illicitly, and the miser, who legitimately amasses a fortune and has a monument erected to his memory, may be a very fine one. The pedophile and the revered leader of the boys' club may be close relatives, indeed. The findings of Professor Kinsey's researches, showing the prevalence of deviant and legally-prohibited sexual behavior among all groups of the population,2 were largely anticipated by psychiatrists. And Sutherland's studies of white-collar crime3 and surveys like that of Wallerstein and
Intergroup anxiety from the self and other: Evidence from self‐report, physiological effects, and real interactions

Intergroup anxiety has become important in understanding the success or failure of intergroup contact. In this paper, we suggest that intergroup anxiety is made up from two constructs: self-anxiety (anxiety over thinking or doing something that is prejudiced) and other-anxiety (anxiety that the other might do something to you). Over four studies, we show how these two dimensions have different correlates and independently predict psychophysiological reactivity to an intergroup interaction. Other-anxiety was associated with negative intergroup attitudes and negative affect. In contrast, self-anxiety had no simple relationship with conventional measures of intergroup attitudes but was associated with a flattening of responses that were indicative of freezing (Study 3) and simultaneous approach and avoidance (Study 4). We suggest that whereas other-anxiety is associated with negative affect and avoidance, self-anxiety is associated with ‘freezing’ responses to intergroup interaction. Thus, the distinction between these two constructs has important repercussions.
Flip-flop and repeater insertion for early interconnect planning

We present a unified framework that considers flipflop and repeater insertion and the placement of flip-flop/repeater blocks during RT or higher level design. We introduce the concept of independent feasible regions in which flip-flops and repeaters can be inserted in an interconnect to satisfy both delay and cycle time constraints. Experimental results show that, with flip-flop insertion, we greatly increase the ability of interconnects to meet timing constraints. Our results also show that it is necessary to perform interconnect optimization at early design steps as the optimization will have even greater impact on the chip layout as feature size continually scales down.
The Teaching‐Coaching Role of the APN

The demand for well-educated and skilled healthcare providers has never been greater. As a result, enrollment is expanding in academic settings that prepare advanced practice nurses for primary care and acute care roles. The growth in programs has led to a corresponding increased demand for clinical mentors and preceptors. The preceptors and sites must meet standards established by the academic institution, advanced practice nurse certification organizations, and state legislatures. There are a number of issues that must be considered by both students and preceptors when negotiating a clinical experience—andragological, curricular, credentialing, and legal matters must be satisfied along with meeting the clinical hour requirements. Producing a quality healthcare professional requires cooperation among the academic institution, faculty, administration, community clinicians, healthcare facilities and their staff, the students themselves, and patients who are willing to allow a student to provide care for them under the supervision of a licensed professional/preceptor.
Disentangling false assumptions about talent management: the need to recognize difference

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to explore ways in which organizations can take a more balanced stance on talent management, especially on the issue of the nature of talent itself.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on experience in organizations and on the case of Michael Faraday as an exemplar of a talented person.Findings – The paper finds that talent management/development is more complex than just identifying supposedly talented young people and developing them.Practical implications – The paper has real practical implications for leaders/managers and learning and development professionals in identifying a better basis on which to develop talent.Originality/value – The paper will be of value to managers and learning specialists who are involved in talent management strategy.
Follicular Lymphomas with Predominant Splenic Involvement: Report of Two Cases

The authors describe the results of histological, cytomorphological, cytochemical and immunological studies carried out in two cases of follicular lymphoma characterized at onset by an exceptional degree of splenomegaly. Although several different histological types seem to be capable of giving rise to prominent splenic involvement, the authors, on the basis of the reported findings, suggest the possibility that some cases of follicular lymphoma presenting with conspicuous splenomegaly and which at present are classified in the group of the so-called intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma, might be an expression of proliferation of a cell type normally recognizable in the marginal zone of the splenic follicles.
Gravitational Descendants and the Moduli Space of Higher Spin Curves

The purpose of this note is introduce a new axiom (called the Descent Axiom) in the theory of $r$-spin cohomological field theories. This axiom explains the origin of gravitational descendants in this theory. Furthermore, the Descent Axiom immediately implies the Vanishing Axiom, explicating the latter (which has no a priori analog in the theory of Gromov-Witten invariants), in terms of the multiplicativity of the virtual class. We prove that the Descent Axiom holds in the convex case, and consequently in genus zero.
Subspace and envelope subtraction algorithms for noise reduction in cochlear implants

The performance of two noise reduction algorithms is evaluated using 14 subjects fitted with the Clarion S-Series and Clarion II implant devices. The first algorithm, based on signal subspace principles, is used for pre-processing sentences embedded in +5 dB noise. The second algorithm is based on the subtraction of the noisy speech envelopes from an estimate of the noise envelopes. The noise envelopes are estimated continuously using a variation of the minimum statistics algorithm. Results showed that the subspace algorithm produced significant improvements in sentence recognition scores compared to the subjects' daily strategy. Small improvements were also obtained for a few subjects with the envelope subtraction algorithm.
An Intelligent Routing protocol for VANETs in city environments

Routing plays important role in VANET applications but due to rapidly changing topology and high speed mobility of vehicles, conventional routing protocols suffer heavily. Current MANET routing protocols fail to fulfill these needs. In this paper we propose a VANET routing protocol that is especially designed for city environments. It consists of two parts: (1) Selection of next junction dynamically (2) Intelligent greedy strategy used to forward packets between two junctions. This paper presents a detailed description about our protocol and also discusses the improvement that it brings as compared to current routing protocols.
Spirituality, Religion, and Social Work

Abstract Social work scholars and practitioners have approached the question of how to integrate religion and/or spirituality into their profession in one of four typical ways: (1) resistance or avoidance; (2) an overly-generalized syncretism; (3) radical separation of the terms spirituality and religion; or (4) a genuinely interdisciplinary conversation between the disciplines of social work and religious studies. This latter approach not only identifies social work's conflictual founding legacy, but also recognizes broader contemporary intellectual traditions which do not easily separate “religion” from “spirituality. ” Such awareness and common grounding allow social work to more substantively and creatively partake in cross-disciplinary research and discussion.
The Cambridge Handbook of Human Affective Neuroscience: Pain and the Emotional Responses to Noxious Stimuli

Recent years have seen exciting developments in virtually every aspect of electroencephalography (EEG)/ magneto-encephalography (MEG) research of emotion, ranging from innovation in data-recording techniques to novel experimental paradigms and sophisticated analysis techniques. A major advantage of electrophysiological time series is that they directly reflect neuroelectric processes rather than blood flow (such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)) or metabolic processes (such as positron emission tomography (PET)), which makes them unique indices of neuronal activity. This chapter considers the specific properties of the neural population activity that underlies EEG/MEG recordings. EEG and MEG are safe and noninvasive procedures that are associated with minimum discomfort to the participant. The chapter discusses a few interesting issues that inform but also constrain the use of frequencydomain techniques in affective neuroscience research. Electrophysiological studies of emotion may move beyond a descriptive analysis of waveforms to consider the data as measures of in-vivo neurophysiology.
Generating product-lines of product-families

GenVoca is a methodology and technology for generating product-lines, i.e. building variants of a program. The primitive components from which applications are constructed are refinements or layers, which are modules that implement a feature that many programs of a product-line can share. Unlike conventional components (e.g., COM, CORBA, EJB), a layer encapsulates fragments of multiple classes. Sets of fully formed classes can be produced by composing layers. Layers are modular, albeit unconventional, building blocks of programs. But what are the building blocks of layers? We argue that facets is an answer. A facet encapsulates fragments of multiple layers, and compositions of facets yields sets of fully formed layers. Facets arise when refinements scale from producing variants of individual programs to producing variants of multiple integrated programs, as typified byproduct families (e.g., MS Office). We present a mathematical model that explains relationships between layers and facets. We use the model to develop a generator for tools (i.e., product family) that are used in language-extensible Integrated Development Environments (IDEs).
Beyond Tolerance: Child Pornography on the Internet

Perhaps nothing evokes more universal disgust as child pornography. The world of its makers and users is so abhorrent that it is rarely discussed much less studied. Child pornographers have taken advantage of this and are successfully using the new electronic media to exchange their wares without detection or significant sanction. What are the implications of this threat for free speech and a free exchange of ideas on the internet? And how can we stop this illegal activity, which is so repugnant that even the most laissez-faire cyberlibertarians want it stamped out, if we know nothing about it? Philip Jenkins takes a leap onto the lower tiers of electronic media in this first book on the business of child pornography online. He tells the story of how the advent of the internet caused this deviant subculture to become highly organized and go global. We learn how the trade which operates on clandestine websites from Budapest or Singapore to the U.S. is easy to glimpse yet difficult to eradicate. Jenkins details how the most sophisticated transactions are done through a proxy, a "false flag" address, rendering the host computer, and participants, virtually unidentifiable. And these sites exist for only a few minutes or hours allowing on-line child pornographers to stay one step ahead of the law. This is truly a globalized criminal network which knows no names or boundaries, and thus challenges both international and U.S. law. Beyond Tolerance delves into the myths and realities of child pornography and the complex process to stamp out criminal activity over the web, including the timely debates over trade regulation, users' privacy, and individual rights. This sobering look and a criminal community contains lessons about human behavior and the law that none interested in media and the new technology can afford to ignore.