Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on sexual and reproductive health in low- and middle-income countries: a rapid review

Abstract Pandemic mitigation measures can have a negative impact on access and provision of essential healthcare services including sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. This rapid review looked at the literature on the impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on SRH and gender-based violence (GBV) on women in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) using WHO rapid review guidance. We looked at relevant literature published in the English language from January 2020 to October 2021 from LMICs using WHO rapid review methods. A total of 114 articles were obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar and grey literature of which 20 met the eligible criteria. Our review found that there was an overall reduction in; (a) uptake of services as shown by lower antenatal, postnatal and family planning clinic attendance, (b) service delivery as shown by reduced health facility deliveries, and post abortion care services and (c) reproductive health outcomes as shown by an increase in incidence of GBV especially intimate partner violence. COVID-19 mitigation measures negatively impact SRH of women in LMICs. Findings from this review could inform policy makers in the health sector to recognise the potential adverse effects of COVID-19 responses on SRH in the country, and therefore implement mitigation measures.
Phenotyping heart failure by nuclear imaging of myocardial perfusion, metabolism, and molecular targets

Abstract Nuclear imaging techniques can detect and quantify pathophysiological processes underlying heart failure, complementing evaluation of cardiac structure and function with other imaging modalities. Combined imaging of myocardial perfusion and metabolism can identify left ventricle dysfunction caused by myocardial ischaemia that may be reversible after revascularization in the presence of viable myocardium. High sensitivity of nuclear imaging to detect targeted tracers has enabled assessment of various cellular and subcellular mechanisms of heart failure. Nuclear imaging of active inflammation and amyloid deposition is incorporated into clinical management algorithms of cardiac sarcoidosis and amyloidosis. Innervation imaging has well-documented prognostic value with respect to heart failure progression and arrhythmias. Emerging tracers specific for inflammation and myocardial fibrotic activity are in earlier stages of development but have demonstrated potential value in early characterization of the response to myocardial injury and prediction of adverse left ventricular remodelling. Early detection of disease activity is a key for transition from broad medical treatment of clinically overt heart failure towards a personalized approach aimed at supporting repair and preventing progressive failure. This review outlines the current status of nuclear imaging in phenotyping heart failure and combines it with discussion on novel developments.
Online Companion: Non-stationary Stochastic Optimization

Proof of Proposition 1. The proof of the proposition is established in two steps. In the first step, we limit nature to a class of function sequences V ′ where in every epoch nature is limited to one of two specific cost functions, and show that V ′ ⊂ V. In the second step, we show that whenever φ ∈ { φ(0), φ(1) } , any admissible policy must incur regret of at least order T , even when nature is limited to the set V ′. Step 1. Let X = [0, 1] and fix T ≥ 1. Let VT ∈ {1, . , T} and assume that C1 is a constant such that VT ≥ C1T . Let C = min { C1, ( 1 2 − ν )2} where ν appears in (2), and we assume ν < 1/2. Consider
Preparing for the next pandemic by understanding the impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on patients with eating Disorders: observations from an inpatient setting

Abstract Objective The COVID-19 pandemic overwhelmed eating disorder (ED) services worldwide. Data suggests a worsening of psychopathology and an increased request for specialised treatments. Still, the studies are mostly based on experimental protocols with underpowered short-term opportunistic experimental designs. Thus, this study aims to assess the clinical and psychological differences between patients admitted to a specialised ED Unit before and after the COVID-19 breakout. Methods Consecutive patients admitted from June 2014 to February 2022 in a specialised EDs Unit were enrolled. A total sample of 498 individuals was enrolled in this retrospective study, collecting demographic and psychopathological data at admission. Results An increase in the admission of patients with anorexia nervosa has been reported, with lower age and higher levels of specific and general psychopathology, especially linked to body uneasiness. Conclusions Results are put into the context of the preparation for the next pandemic that may require similar mitigation measures as COVID-19 to ensure the impact on existing and new patients. Covering an extended period with validated tools, our results might help psychiatric services to reassess their treatment pathways after the pandemic, helping clinicians to delineate future treatment interventions. KEYPOINTS After the COVID-19 breakdown, there was an increase in the admission of patients with anorexia nervosa to specialised services. More severe psychopathology was not accompanied by lower body mass index. Specialised eating disorders services should face sudden changes in patients’ requests for treatment. Understanding the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and the resulting mitigation measures taken can lead to better preparations for the next pandemic.
Virus infection participates in the occurrence and development of human diseases through monoamine oxidase

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is a membrane‐bound mitochondrial enzyme that maintains the steady state of neurotransmitters and other biogenic amines in biological systems through catalytic oxidation and deamination. MAO dysfunction is closely related to human neurological and psychiatric diseases and cancers. However, little is known about the relationship between MAO and viral infections in humans. This review summarises current research on how viral infections participate in the occurrence and development of human diseases through MAO. The viruses discussed in this review include hepatitis C virus, dengue virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, human immunodeficiency virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Epstein‐Barr virus, and human papillomavirus. This review also describes the effects of MAO inhibitors such as phenelzine, clorgyline, selegiline, M‐30, and isatin on viral infectious diseases. This information will not only help us to better understand the role of MAO in the pathogenesis of viruses but will also provide new insights into the treatment and diagnosis of these viral diseases.
A Network Community Detection Algorithm via Constrained Label Propagation with Maximization of Similarity-Based Modularity

A fast network community detection algorithm,MLPA,was proposed based on constrained label propagation with maximization of similarity-based modularity.The update process was completed via constrained maximization of similarity-based modularity model.The application of model and structural-similarity makes the accuracy high and the result fits in with character of community,which is densely inter-connected and sparsely connected to other parts of the network.Combined with experimental result that most of the vertices can be assigned to the proper community only within five iterations,the algorithm tries to stop the update process when labels reaches stable.Thus it can reduce the running time greatly.MLPA is efficient for detecting communities in large-scale networks without traditional adjacency matrix calculation.
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis initiation, persistence, and adherence during pregnancy through the postpartum period

Objective: We evaluated pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) initiation, persistence, and adherence measured via tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) concentrations in dried blood spots (DBS) among women offered PrEP during pregnancy. Methods: We prospectively analyzed data from participants in the PrIMA Study (NCT03070600) who were offered PrEP during the second trimester and followed through 9 months postpartum. At follow-up visits (monthly in pregnancy; 6 weeks, 6 months, 9 months postpartum), self-reported PrEP use was assessed, and DBS were collected for quantifying TFV-DP concentrations. Results: In total, 2949 participants were included in the analysis. At enrollment, median age was 24 years [interquartile range IQR) 21–29], gestational age 24 weeks (IQR 20–28), and 4% had a known partner living with HIV. Overall, 405 (14%) participants initiated PrEP in pregnancy with higher frequency among those with risk factors for HIV acquisition, including >2 lifetime sexual partners, syphilis during pregnancy, forced sex, and intimate partner violence (P < 0.05). At 9 months postpartum, 58% of PrEP initiators persisted with PrEP use, of which 54% self-reported not missing any PrEP pills in the last 30 days. Among DBS randomly selected from visits where participants persisted with PrEP (n = 427), 50% had quantifiable TFV-DP. Quantifiable TFV-DP was twice as likely in pregnancy than postpartum [adjusted risk ratio (aRR) = 1.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.40–2.57, P < 0.001]. Having a partner known to be living with HIV was the strongest predictor of PrEP initiation, persistence, and quantifiable TFV-DP (P < 0.001). Conclusions: PrEP persistence and adherence waned postpartum, though over half of PrEP initiators persisted through 9-months postpartum. Interventions should prioritize increasing knowledge of partner HIV status and sustaining adherence in the postpartum period.
Managing ‘sick days’ in patients with chronic conditions: An exploration of patient and healthcare provider experiences

People with chronic medical conditions often take medications that improve long‐term outcomes but which can be harmful during acute illness. Guidelines recommend that healthcare providers offer instructions to temporarily stop these medications when patients are sick (i.e., sick days). We describe the experiences of patients managing sick days and of healthcare providers providing sick day guidance to their patients.
Systemic THrombolysis Randomization IN Endovascular Stroke Therapy (SHRINE) Collaboration: a patient-level pooled analysis of the SKIP and DEVT Trials

Objective To evaluate the non-inferiority of endovascular treatment (EVT) alone versus intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) followed by EVT and to assess its heterogeneity across prespecified subgroups. Methods We pooled data from two trials (SKIP in Japan; DEVT in China). Individual patient data were pooled to assess outcomes and heterogeneity of treatment effect. The primary outcome was functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2) at 90 days. Safety outcomes included symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and 90-day mortality. Results We included 438 patients (217 EVT alone; 221 combined IVT+EVT). The meta-analysis failed to demonstrate the non-inferiority of EVT alone over combined IVT+EVT in achieving 90-day functional independence (56.7% vs 51.6%; adjusted common odds ratio (cOR)=1.27, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.92, pnon-inferiority=0.06). Effect sizes favoring EVT alone were present with stroke onset to puncture time longer than 180 min (cOR=2.28, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.38, pinteraction ≤180 vs >180 min=0.02) and intracranial internal carotid artery ICA occlusions (for ICA cOR=3.04, 95% CI 1.10 to 8.43, pinteraction ICA vs MCA=0.08). The rates of sICH (6.5% vs 9.0%; cOR=0.77, 95% CI 0.37 to 1.61) and 90-day mortality (12.9% vs 13.6%; cOR=1.05, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.89) were comparable. Conclusions The cumulative data of these two recent Asian trials failed to unequivocally demonstrate the non-inferiority of EVT alone over combined IVT+EVT. However, our study suggests a potential role for more individualized decision-making. Specifically, Asian patients with stroke onset to EVT longer than 180 min, as well as those with intracranial ICA occlusions and those with atrial fibrillation might have better outcomes with EVT alone than with combined IVT+EVT.
AN APPROACH TO ACCESS TO A CONCEPT LATTICE VIA THE IDEA OF LATTICE THEORY

A concept lattice is defined by a binary relation on a context and indeed a lattice. In this paper, for a given context, firstly, we present a way to obtain all the cover elements of the smallest element in the given context ordered by a naturally relation. After that, we define a binary relation on a new context produced by one of elements in the concept lattice for the given context. A new concept lattice is derived from just the new binary relation. By the help of lattice theory, we explain the isomorphic relation between the new concept lattice and an interval in the concept lattice produced by the given context. Henceforth, using this isomorphic relation and the way presented previously to obtain all the cover elements of the smallest element, we give an approach to earn all the elements in the concept lattice for the given context. Simultaneously, the Hasse diagram of the concept lattice is got.
Psychological interventions for loneliness and social isolation among older adults during medical pandemics: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES There is little research conducted to systematically synthesize the evidence on psychological interventions for social isolation and loneliness among older adults during medical pandemics. This systematic review aims to address this information gap and provides guidance for planning and implementing interventions to prevent and reduce loneliness and social isolation for older adults, especially during medical pandemics. METHODS Four electronic databases (EMBASE, PsychoInfo, Medline and Web of Science) and grey literature from 1 January 2000 to 13 September 2022 were searched for eligible studies on loneliness and social isolation. Data extraction and methodological quality assessment on key study characteristics were conducted independently by two researchers. Both qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis were used. RESULTS The initial search yielded 3,116 titles. Of the 215 full texts reviewed, 12 intervention articles targeting loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic met the inclusion criteria. No studies were found concerning intervention with respect to social isolation. Overall, interventions targeting social skills and the elimination of negativities effectively alleviated the feelings of loneliness in the older population. However, they had only short-term effects. CONCLUSION This review systematically summarised the key characteristics and the effectiveness of existing interventions addressing loneliness in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future interventions should focus on social skills and eliminating negativities and be tailored to the needs and characteristics of older people. Repeated larger-scale randomized controlled trials and long-term effectiveness evaluations on this topic are warranted.
Traceability of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission through quasispecies analysis

During COVID‐19 pandemic, consensus genomic sequences were used for rapidly monitor the spread of the virus worldwide. However, less attention was paid to intrahost genetic diversity. In fact, in the infected host, SARS‐CoV‐2 consists in an ensemble of replicating and closely related viral variants so‐called quasispecies. Here we show that intrahost single nucleotide variants (iSNVs) represent a target for contact tracing analysis. Our data indicate that in the acute phase of infection, in highly likely transmission links, the number of viral particles transmitted from one host to another (bottleneck size) is large enough to propagate iSNVs among individuals. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, during SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreaks when the consensus sequences are identical, it is possible to reconstruct the transmission chains by genomic investigations of iSNVs. Specifically, we found that it is possible to identify transmission chains by limiting the analysis of iSNVs to only three well‐conserved genes, namely nsp2, ORF3, and ORF7.
An Improved Rotate-Vector Method

A new proposal for multipoint rotate-vector optimization is presented based on the basic rotate-vector method.Some measures are adopted as increasing diversity of initial points,introducing rejection threshold and retained coefficient,then the capacity of global optimization and computational efficiency are improved by solving the examples.Genetic algorithm is compared with this method from points of view of result of example and principle of algorithm.The influence of every parameter is analyzed on the computational accuracy and time of multipoint rotate-vector method.The directory eva-luation is given which is helpful to parameter setting in practical application.
Why do people (not) share guilt with others?

ABSTRACT Do people share their feelings of guilt with others and, if so, what are the reasons for doing this or not doing this? Even though the social sharing of negative emotional experiences, such as regret, has been extensively studied, not much is known about whether people share feelings of guilt and why. We report three studies exploring these questions. In Study 1, we re-analysed data about sharing guilt experiences posted on a social website called “Yahoo Answers”, and found that people share intrapersonal as well as interpersonal guilt experiences with others online. Study 2 found that the main motivations of sharing guilt (compared with the sharing of regret) were “venting”, “clarification and meaning”, and “gaining advice”. Study 3 found that people were more likely to share experiences of interpersonal guilt and more likely to keep experiences of intrapersonal guilt to themselves. Together, these studies contribute to a further understanding of the social sharing of the emotion guilt.
An Image Matching Method Based on RANSAC Algorithm for Estimation of Fundamental Matrix

The key of image matching is to establish the correspondence between two images.This can be achieved by using the constraint of epipolar line.The epipolar geometric relationship between two images can be described by the fundamental matrix.Because of the noise disturbulance and correspon- dence outliers,it is difficult to estimate the fundamental matrix.In this paper,a method based on the RANSAC algorithm for fundamental matrix estimation after coordinate normalization is put forward. Thus,the estimation error due to the mismatching points is eliminated.The result shows that the above method has a higher matching precision and can also be used to detect the objects in infrared images.
Platelet glycogenolysis is important for energy production and function

Abstract Although the presence of glycogen in platelets was established in the 1960s, its importance to specific functions (i.e., activation, secretion, aggregation, and clot contraction) remains unclear. Patients with glycogen storage disease often present with increased bleeding and glycogen phosphorylase (GP) inhibitors, when used as treatments for diabetes, induce bleeding in preclinical studies suggesting some role for this form of glucose in hemostasis. In the present work, we examined how glycogen mobilization affects platelet function using GP inhibitors (CP316819 and CP91149) and a battery of ex vivo assays. Blocking GP activity increased glycogen levels in resting and thrombin-activated platelets and inhibited platelet secretion and clot contraction, with minimal effects on aggregation. Seahorse energy flux analysis and metabolite supplementation experiments suggested that glycogen is an important metabolic fuel whose role is affected by platelet activation and the availability of external glucose and other metabolic fuels. Our data shed light on the bleeding diathesis in glycogen storage disease patients and offer insights into the potential effects of hyperglycemia on platelets. Plain Language Summary What did we know? Activated platelets transition from a low-energy-requiring, resting state to a high-energy-demanding state. Platelet glycogen is degraded upon activation. Glycogen storage disorders and glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors are associated with bleeding. What did we discover? Glycogen turnover occurs in resting platelets and its degradation is important for platelet functions. Glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors block secretion and clot contraction of which the latter can be reversed with alternative metabolic fuels. Glucose derived from glycogen may be routed through TCA/OxPhos versus aerobic glycolysis. What is the impact? Glycogen breakdown contributes to the high energy requirements of platelet function. Our work offers insights into potential energy sources in activated platelets.
Stellar CME activity and its possible influence on exoplanets' environments: Importance of magnetospheric protection

Abstract CMEs are large-scale magnetized plasma structures carrying billions of tons of material that erupt from a star and propagate in the stellar heliosphere, interacting in multiple ways with the stellar wind. Due to the high speed, intrinsic magnetic field and the increased plasma density compared to the stellar wind background, CMEs can produce strong effects on planetary environments when they collide with a planet. The main planetary impact factors of CMEs, are associated interplanetary shocks, energetic particles accelerated in the shock regions, and the magnetic field disturbances. All these factors should be taken into account during the study of evolutionary processes on exoplanets and their atmospheric and plasma environments. CME activity of a star may vary depending on stellar age, stellar spectral type and the orbital distance of a planet. Because of relatively short range of propagation of majority of CMEs, they impact most strongly the magnetospheres and atmospheres of close orbit (< 0.1 AU) exoplanets.