Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A register-based annotation scheme for CO3H

This paper gives a description of an annotation scheme for annotating a corpus of computer-mediated communication in Hindi (CO3H) with certain semantic, pragmatic and situational features. The annotation scheme is based on the theory of register analysis, where it is assumed that a registeral difference entails difference in certain linguistic features. It adapts and integrates the annotation schemes of sense annotation in the Penn Discourse Treebank and dialogue act annotation of DIT++ within this larger registeral framework. The situational and linguistic features that will be used to annotate the corpus for PoRT is described in the paper, along with some proposed labels for these features.
The tracking and reconstructing for sharp spikes of biomedical signals: An exploration for applications of tracking-differentiators

Biomedical signal processing is important for biologists and physicians. Because of the speciality and complexity of biomedical signals, they bring about many substantial troubles for the mathematical methods to deal with. In this paper, we discuss the tracking and reconstructing of sharp spikes of biomedical signals by exploring the new possibility for the applications of tracking-differentiators (TDs), which have been used successfully in many of industrial fields. Firstly, for tracking the observations with the spiking components, we try to find the proper parameters of tracking-differentiators, and to obtain the estimation of the generalized derivatives. Secondly, for the effective reconstruction of the signals with sharp spikes, we employ the Taylor's formula with generalized derivatives. Finally, simulation results on the tracking and reconstruction for the electrocardiogram (ECG) of a pregnant woman have been provided which indicate not only the possibility of applying TDs in the new area but also the effectiveness of the method.
Microbial carbon mineralization in tropical lowland and montane forest soils of Peru

Climate change is affecting the amount and complexity of plant inputs to tropical forest soils. This is likely to influence the carbon (C) balance of these ecosystems by altering decomposition processes e.g., “positive priming effects” that accelerate soil organic matter mineralization. However, the mechanisms determining the magnitude of priming effects are poorly understood. We investigated potential mechanisms by adding 13C labeled substrates, as surrogates of plant inputs, to soils from an elevation gradient of tropical lowland and montane forests. We hypothesized that priming effects would increase with elevation due to increasing microbial nitrogen limitation, and that microbial community composition would strongly influence the magnitude of priming effects. Quantifying the sources of respired C (substrate or soil organic matter) in response to substrate addition revealed no consistent patterns in priming effects with elevation. Instead we found that substrate quality (complexity and nitrogen content) was the dominant factor controlling priming effects. For example a nitrogenous substrate induced a large increase in soil organic matter mineralization whilst a complex C substrate caused negligible change. Differences in the functional capacity of specific microbial groups, rather than microbial community composition per se, were responsible for these substrate-driven differences in priming effects. Our findings suggest that the microbial pathways by which plant inputs and soil organic matter are mineralized are determined primarily by the quality of plant inputs and the functional capacity of microbial taxa, rather than the abiotic properties of the soil. Changes in the complexity and stoichiometry of plant inputs to soil in response to climate change may therefore be important in regulating soil C dynamics in tropical forest soils.
A Framework for the Statistical Analysis of Large Radar and Lightning Datasets: Results from STEPS 2000

A framework for the statistical analysis of large radar and lightning datasets is described and implemented in order to analyze two research questions in atmospheric electricity: storms dominated by positive cloud-toground (1CG) lightning and estimating the probability of lightning in convection. The framework—a collection of computer programs runningin series—isfully modular, allowing the analysisof a variety of datasets based on a study’s objectives, including radar observations, lightning data, observations of meteorological environments, and other data. The framework has been applied to over 2 months of observations of 28 463 cells. The results suggest that 1CG-dominated cells contain midlevel positive charge (2108 to 2308C), in contrast to cells dominated by 2CG lightning, which typically had positive charge at upper (near 2408C) and lower levels (08 to 2108C). The 1CG cells also were larger and more intense, and were associated with environments that were more convectively favorable—in terms of increased moisture, shear, and especially instability—when compared to 2CG cells. The framework was also used to examine the probability of lightning occurrence for a spectrum of radar structures. The existence of 30-dBZ echo above the freezing altitude is a ‘‘necessary’’ condition (in ;90% of cases) for lightning occurrence. A ‘‘sufficient’’ condition (in ;90% of cases) is 40-dBZ echo breaching the freezing altitude. Altitude or volume of 40-dBZ echo was the superior estimator for the occurrence of lightning, while 30 dBZ was better for inferring the lack of lightning.
Sequence Analysis of a Proteolyzed Site in Drosophila Choline Acetyltransferase

Abstract: The amino terminal sequence of the 13‐kilodalton (kD) polypeptide present in purified Drosophila acetyl‐CoA: choline‐O‐acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.6) was determined, and its position in the sequence of the intact enzyme was located. Enzyme polypeptides for sequencing were obtained from native enzyme protein by denaturation, followed by fractionation on reverse‐phase HPLC. The 13‐, 54‐, and 67‐kD polypeptides recovered from the separation were subjected to amino terminal sequencing. Only the 13‐kD fragment yielded a sequence. The 67‐ and 54‐kD polypeptides appeared completely blocked to gas‐phase Edman sequencing. The location of the amino terminal sequence from the 13‐kD polypeptide in the cDNA‐deduced enzyme sequence indicated that this fragment represents the carboxyl portion of the 67‐kD enzyme, with the 54‐kD polypeptide providing the amino terminal portion. The proteolysis that gave rise to the 13‐kD polypeptide occurred at the carboxyl side of a monobasic lysine residue. An earlier comparison of the enzyme from Drosophila and pigs indicated that the cleaved lysine may be a conserved residue in the porcine enzyme. The cleaved enzyme region characterized in this study does not coincide with the regions of high homology found in the two enzymes, but hydrophilicity profiles generated for this area showed similarities.
A MDS-based localization algorithm for large-scale wireless sensor network

Considering the shortages of the classic MDS- MAP algorithm on localization precision and algorithm complexity, a distributional localization algorithm based on MDS had been proposed in this paper. The method of cluster was involved to build different clusters. MDS algorithm was used in every cluster for local relative coordinates, Euclidean algorithm was used to calculate the distance matrix in this step. Then the local maps were combined to form a global relative coordinate map based on matrix translation. Finally the relative coordinates was transferred to absolute coordinates by few beacon nodes. Simulation results demonstrated that the new algorithm can promote localization precision and perform well on low anisotropic topology.
Fault tolerant bus architecture for deep submicron based processors

In the Deep Submicron era testing of processors is gaining prominence due to the effect of many analog faults. These faults have a direct impact on the signal integrity in interconnects. In deep submicron based processors electromigration poses a major challenge for interconnect reliability. This is of major concern in processor bus architectures. Though a lot of research has been focused on fault tolerance at the module level, no effective research has been carried out to evolve fault tolerant interconnect structures. Faults due to electromigration give rise to weak ones and zeros, thus affecting the signal integrity. This paper presents a fault tolerant scheme for electromigration which also leads to unification of detection and correction of crosstalk faults and stuck-at faults. In the scheme presented, the signal is rerouted through adjacent spare interconnects. The spare interconnect also acts as a shield against crosstalk under fault free system operation. Moreover, the entire testing process is carried out concurrently with the processor instruction execution. The hardware overhead is also insignificant compared to the overall device count in a deep submicron based processor. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time a fault tolerant scheme for bus architectures is being presented.
The Association of Lone-Motherhood with Smoking Cessation and Relapse: Prospective Results from an Australian National Study

The aims were to examine the association of lone-motherhood with smoking cessation and relapse, and to investigate the extent to which this association was accounted for by socioeconomic status (education, occupation, and income), social support, and mental health. We used data from 10 yearly waves (2001 to 2010) of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. Response rate in the first wave was 66%. Logistic regression was used to examine the effect of lone-motherhood and other covariates on smoking cessation (n = 2,878) and relapse (n = 3,242). Results showed that the age-adjusted odds of smoking cessation were 32% smaller among lone mothers than partnered mothers (p = 0.004). The age-adjusted odds of relapse was 172% greater among lone mothers than partnered mothers (p < 0.001). We found that socioeconomic status, social support, and mental health account for some of the association of lone motherhood and cessation and relapse. While efforts to reduce the smoking prevalence among lone mothers should focus on their material deprivation, availability of social support, and addressing mental health issues, other factors unique to the lives of lone mothers also need to be taken into account. More research is needed to discover other factors that can explain the association of lone-motherhood and smoking behavior.
Bipolar disorder - from endophenotypes to treatment.

INTRODUCTION There are a lot of unresolved issues associated with the classification, diagnosis, clinical management and understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of bipolar affective disorder. AIM To search for discrete endophenotypes in BAD. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We studied various bipolar I and II and recurrent depression patient samples and healthy controls using descriptive data, self and clinician-rated scales for neurological and psychopathological symptoms, neurocognitive instruments, and inventories for temperamental and characterological features. We also looked into the efficacy, tolerability and cost/benefit ratio of sodium valproate in the treatment of acute mania. RESULTS BAD patients display deficits in the domains of memory, selective attention, working memory and psychomotor speed. Sensory, motor and complex neurological soft signs can be considered part and parcel of the symptomatology of BAD. The evidence linking hyperthymic temperament to the bipolar spectrum is not supported, while cyclothymia seems to be a marker of vulnerability to affective psychopathology. In contrast to others, we found significantly lower self-transcendence in BAD patients compared to controls. Early age of onset, abrupt onset, lability of mood and energy with late-day brightening and activation, discriminate bipolar from unipolar depression. Sodium valproate (especially if started intravenously) is a highly efficacious, cost-effective treatment approach for acute mania. CONCLUSION The discovery of BAD endophenotypes can enhance early diagnosis, prevent errors in treatment and help elucidate the genetic vulnerability for this grave disease.
Generic schema matching, ten years later

In a paper published in the 2001 VLDB Conference, we proposed treating generic schema matching as an independent problem. We developed a taxonomy of existing techniques, a new schema matching algorithm, and an approach to comparative evaluation. Since then, the field has grown into a major research topic. We briefly summarize the new techniques that have been developed and applications of the techniques in the commercial world. We conclude by discussing future trends and recommendations for further work.
Effects of Dietary Alpha-lipoic Acid and Acetyl-L-carnitine on Growth Performance and Meat Quality in Arbor Acres Broilers

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary alpha-lipoic acid (LA) and acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality in Arbor Acres broilers. A total of 486 1-d-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated to 9 dietary treatments, 9 treatments were group A (0 mg/kg LA and 0 mg/kg ALC), group B (50 mg/kg LA and 0 mg/kg ALC), group C (100 mg/kg LA and 0 mg/kg ALC), group D (0 mg/kg LA and 50 mg/kg ALC), group E (50 mg/kg LA and 50 mg/kg ALC), group F (100 mg/kg LA and 50 mg/kg ALC), group G (0 mg/kg LA and 100 mg/kg ALC), group H (50 mg/kg LA and 100 mg/kg ALC), group I (100 mg/kg LA and 100 mg/kg ALC). Birds were slaughtered at 42 days old. Average daily gain (ADG), average feed intake (AFI), feed conversion rate (FCR), eviscerated rate, breast muscle percentage, thigh muscle percentage, abdominal fat percentage, liver weight, muscle color (L* value, a* value, b* value), pH values at 45 min and 24 h postmortem were measured. Results showed that there existed an interaction between LA and ALC in growth performance of broilers, carcass traits and meat quality. The overall result is that high level of LA and ALC led to lower AFI, ADG (p<0.01), lower abdominal fat percentage, liver weight (p<0.01), lower L* value, a* value, and b* value of breast muscle, L* value of thigh muscle (p<0.05), and higher FCR (p<0.01), eviscerated rate (p<0.01), breast muscle percentage, thigh muscle percentage (p<0.05), a* value, pH 45 min and pH 24 h of thigh muscle (p<0.01). These results suggested that dietary LA and ALC contributed to the improvement of meat quality in broilers.
The multidrug resistance protein 5 (ABCC5) confers resistance to 5-fluorouracil and transports its monophosphorylated metabolites

5′-Fluorouracil (5-FU), used in the treatment of colon and breast cancers, is converted intracellularly to 5′-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (5-FUdR) by thymidine phosphorylase and is subsequently phosphorylated by thymidine kinase to 5′-fluoro-2′-dUMP (5-FdUMP). This active metabolite, along with the reduced folate cofactor, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, forms a stable inhibitory complex with thymidylate synthase that blocks cellular growth. The present study shows that the ATP-dependent multidrug resistance protein-5 (MRP5, ABCC5) confers resistance to 5-FU by transporting the monophosphate metabolites. MRP5- and vector-transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells were employed in these studies. In 3-day cytotoxicity assays, MRP5-transfected cells were ∼9-fold resistant to 5-FU and 6-thioguanine. Studies with inside-out membrane vesicles prepared from transfected cells showed that MRP5 mediates ATP-dependent transport of 5 μmol/L [3H]5-FdUMP, [3H]5-FUMP, [3H]dUMP, and not [3H]5-FUdR, or [3H]5-FU. The ATP-dependent transport of 5-FdUMP showed saturation with increasing concentrations and had a Km of 1.1 mmol/L and Vmax of 439 pmol/min/mg protein. Uptake of 250 μmol/L 5-FdUMP was inhibited by dUMP, cyclic nucleotide, cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate, amphiphilic anions such as probenecid, MK571, the phosphodiesterase inhibitors, trequinsin, zaprinast, and sildenafil, and by the chloride channel blockers, 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid and glybenclamide. Furthermore, the 5-FU drug sensitivity of HEK-MRP5 cells was partially modulated to that of the HEK-vector by the presence of 40 μmol/L 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid but not by 2 mmol/L probenecid. Thus, MRP5 transports the monophosphorylated metabolite of this nucleoside and when MRP5 is overexpressed in colorectal and breast tumors, it may contribute to 5-FU drug resistance.
4 Applying Global-brain-utilizing Models to Crisis Management 2.4.1 Information Overload and Dreaming 2.3 Analogy between Human Brain and Global Brain 2.2 Biological Brains the Global Brain as a Modeling Paradigm for Crisis Management

Includes a series of volumes containing lectures, lecture notes, references, and proceedings. Since complexity science is a newly-emerging eld, and since research in the area is broadly dispersed among many disciplines, this series is an excellent source for publications on complex systems. \Wavelet based measures of short-term coherence in 40 Hz oscillations of human EEG during associative conditioning. ", to be published. 24 from the high synergy that results from this wholeness. Furthermore, the healthier the body is, the more supportive coincidences the cell would notice. " (pp. 212-216) So, in this light, we would predict that synchronous activity in the Internet would be a sign of emergence of a Global Brain. What \synchronous activity" means in this context is not clear. Perhaps it would be a type of synchronized activity in Internet usage curves such as the one in Figure 3B, analogous to the coherent oscillations in brain EEG. Or, perhaps it is synchrony in terms of coincidences in ideas or events, in the political, mathematical, social, scientiic, and/or economic realms 15. If we follow this \cell-in-a-body" analogy, it appears that the only way that individual Internet user \cells" would know that the higher level of organization represented by the Global Brain exists is through improved eeciency or synergy in the cells' inputs and outputs. Though we do not yet understand fully (if at all) the implications of a Global Brain, we can begin now to utilize its existing capabilities. We think that the integration of nonlinear science of complex, adaptive systems with modern computers and information networks will create a new era of modeling in many diierent areas, especially in the domain of global change and crisis management. We think that these methods will provide powerful tools and thereby also the potential for misuse that could aaect us all. Thus we wish to encourage early discussion of these potential developments in as wide a community as possible. Acknowledgements: We would like to acknowledge helpful comments from T. Anastasio, H. Arrow, and P. Zhuang. C.B. acknowledges Kristina Lerman for her critical review of the manuscript and for discussions related to the Balkan crisis. 15 Speciic topics or problems (threads) appear in many bulletin boards, create a strong \synchronous" activity burst with typical time scales of the order of days or weeks and then decay and disappear. An example, where such a thread led to a coherent global activity over a …
A framework for schema updates in an object-oriented database system

A 'reasonable' minimal set of primitives for updating an object-oriented (O/sub 2/) database schema is defined and the problems which need to be solved in order to obtain a usable schema update mechanism are shown. The distinction between structural and behavioral consistency for the O/sub 2/ system is described in some detail and it is demonstrated how updates could be performed by invoking an interactive tool. Updates are classified in three categories. Each category is explained in detail. <<ETX>>
[Endoscopic criteria for diagnosis of various macroscopic variants of non-Hodgkin's gastric lymphoma].

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND; Many investigators account that a stomach is the most often localization of gastrointestinal lymphomas. But endoscopic semiotics and diagnostic of those lesions is elaborated insufficiently. PURPOSE The purpose of our investigation was working out of non-Hodgkin's gastric lymphoma endoscopic criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examinated 250 patients with gastric lymphoma, from those primary and secondary lesions were in 160 (64%) cases and 90 (36%) cases, respectively. All patients was performed standard videoendoscopy, which included magnified endoscopy with NBI (Narrow Band Imaging), followed by chromoendoscopy with indigocarmine (0.4% solution) and EUS. Diagnosis of lymphoma was confirmed by morphology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS According to our observations gastroenterological pathology duration to diagnosis of tumor was very variable: diagnosis was established during first 3 months in 30.6% cases (49 patients), during 6 month in 18.1% cases (29 patients), from 6 to 12 months in 15.6% cases (25 patients). Separately should was noted, that almost in one third cases primary gastric lymphoma was diagnosed after one year. Macroscopic form of gastric tumor was represented by follow variants: exophytic--22 cases (8.8%), infiltrative--54 cases (21.6%), ulcerous--37 cases (14.8%), infiltrative-ulcerous--71 cases (28.4%), similar to gastritis--36 cases (14.4%), mixed--30 cases (12%). The second endpoint of our work was detection of macroscopic features depending on morphological variant of lymphoma. Analysis of represented data demonstrated prevalence similar to gastritis form (33.4%) for MALT-lymphoma, infiltrative-ulcerous form as for diffuse large-cell B-cell lymphoma of MALT-type, as for diffuse large-cell B-cell lymphoma--45.0% and 41.1%, respectively. Infiltrative form was more often in group of patients with follicular lymphoma--31.8%, and ulcerous form predominated for Burkett's lymphoma--60.0%. CONCLUSION; Were established the most informative endoscopic criteria for diagnosis non-Hodgkin's gastric lymphoma.
Chloride-activated passive potassium transport in human erythrocytes.

Passive K+ transport in human erythrocytes (defined as ouabain-insensitive transport) was inhibited 70% by replacement of Cl- by several permeant monovalent anions. The Vmax of Cl--dependent K+ influx was 1.14 mmol . liter-1, hr-1; its apparent Km for K+ was 4.7 mM. There was a much smaller component of Na+ influx dependent on Cl- (Vmax, 0.23 mmol . liter-1 . hr-1). Furosemide and other inhibitors of Cl- transport inhibited passive K+ transport to the same extent as replacement of Cl-, but 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, a specific inhibitor of anion exchange in erythrocytes, was ineffective. The Cl--dependent K+ transport, which may be K+/Cl- cotransport, could reflect a mechanism for regulating cell volume.