Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serum-Nutrient Starvation Induces Cell Death Mediated by Bax and Puma That Is Counteracted by p21 and Unmasked by Bcl-xL Inhibition

The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (p21WAF1/Cip1) is a multifunctional protein known to promote cell cycle arrest and survival in response to p53-dependent and p53 independent stimuli. We herein investigated whether and how it might contribute to the survival of cancer cells that are in low-nutrient conditions during tumour growth, by culturing isogenic human colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT116) and breast cancer cell lines in a medium deprived in amino acids and serum. We show that such starvation enhances, independently from p53, the expression of p21 and that of the pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein Puma. Under these conditions, p21 prevents Puma and its downstream effector Bax from triggering the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. This anti-apoptotic effect is exerted from the cytosol but it is unrelated to the ability of p21 to interfere with the effector caspase 3. The survival function of p21 is, however, overcome by RNA interference mediated Bcl-xL depletion, or by the pharmacological inhibitor ABT-737. Thus, an insufficient supply in nutrients may not have an overt effect on cancer cell viability due to p21 induction, but it primes these cells to die, and sensitizes them to the deleterious effects of Bcl-xL inhibitors regardless of their p53 status.
Chronic Kidney Disease, Plasma Lipoproteins, and Coronary Artery Calcium Incidence: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Objective—To determine the association of chronic kidney disease and coronary artery calcium (CAC) incidence, and the distribution of lipoproteins across categories of kidney function and their association with CAC risk. Methods and Results—We analyzed data from 2795 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis with no CAC (calcium score=0) at baseline enrolled at the first Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis visit between the years 2000 and 2002. During a median follow-up of 2.4 years, incident calcium (calcium score>0 at follow-up) developed in 12%, 19%, and 27% of participants with a cystatin-c estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min per 1.73 m)2 of ≥90, 60 to 89, and 30 to 59 (P for difference <0.001), respectively. Compared with those with normal kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate≥90), adjusted CAC incidence risk ratios, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were as follows: 1.26 (95% CI, 1.04–1.52), and 1.56 (95% CI, 1.11–2.20; Ptrend=0.014) in those with estimated glomerular filtration rate of 60 to 89 and 30 to 59, respectively. These associations were attenuated after adjusting for a characteristic and strongly interrelated lipid phenotype (principal component 1), which was more common in those with chronic kidney disease and characterized by a predominance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins: CAC incidence risk ratios=1.21 (95% CI, 1.00–1.46) and 1.44 (95% CI, 1.02–2.04; Ptrend=0.06) in those with estimated glomerular filtration rate 60 to 89 and 30 to 59, respectively, after adjusting for principal component 1. Conclusion—Chronic kidney disease is strongly associated with CAC incidence. Part of this association is mediated through a characteristic lipid phenotype comprising elevations in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.
PlaySOM and PocketSOMPlayer, Alternative Interfaces to Large Music Collections

With the rising popularity of digital music archives the need for new access methods such as interactive exploration or similarity-based search become significant. In this paper we present the PlaySOM, as well as the PocketSOMPlayer, two novel interfaces allowing to browse a music collection by navigating a map of clustered music tracks and to select regions of interest containing similar tracks for playing. The PlaySOM system is primarily designed to allow interaction via a large-screen device , whereas the PocketSOMPlayeris implemented for mobile devices, supporting both local as well as streamed audio replay. This approach offers content-based organization of music as an alternative to conventional navigation of audio archives, i.e. flat or hierarchical listings of music tracks that are sorted and filtered by meta information.
Effects of Information, Guidance, and Actions on Postsecondary Destinations: A Study of Talent Loss

This study uses National Educational Longitudinal Study data to show that information about higher education, guidance, and essential preparatory actions taken by secondary students influence whether they will attend post-secondary educational institutions (PEIs) within 2 years of high school graduation, and, if so, what types of institutions. The conceptual framework is embedded in research on college choice and talent loss. Talent loss is described as the occurrence of promising students not reaching their full educational potential. Choice theory attempts to explain the myriad factors contributing to individuals’ postsecondary destinations. We find that increased levels of information, guidance, and critical actions taken are positively and significantly associated with initial enrollment in a 4-year PEI, as opposed to enrollment in a 2-year PEI (full or part time) or no enrollment. These factors explain a large part of the effect of socioeconomic status on postsecondary destination, controlling for high school achievement.
Pedestrian Detection under Progressive Occlusion

Pedestrian detection is a very promising area in computer vision, since it enables interesting and a variety of applications such as car assistance, surveillance systems and robot vision. During the last years, a variety of new techniques were proposed which greatly improved the detection rates. However, the performance of such systems rapidly deteriorates when pedestrians are under occlusion. This paper analyze how the detection rates of HOG, HOG-LBP, and two new combinations, HOG-LTP and HOG-LMEBP, are affected when occlusion area are progressively added to pedestrian images. Using the INRIA dataset, occlusions were synthetically generated by merging different sizes of non-pedestrian images from different directions. We show that detection of pedestrian under occlusion can be improved by simply combining features.
Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and overweight with academic 1 performance in 12-year old Brazilian children . 2 Running title : Obesity , aerobic fitness and academic performance

26 Obesity has been associated with poor academic achievement, while 27 cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been linked to academic success. Purpose: 28 To investigate whether CRF is associated with academic performance in 29 Brazilian students, independently of body mass index (BMI), fatness and 30 socioeconomic status (SES). Methods: Three hundred and nine two 5th and 6th 31 grade students (193 girls) (12.11±0.75 years old) were evaluated in 2012. 32 Skinfold thickness measures were performed, and students were classified 33 according to BMI-percentile. CRF was estimated by a 20-meter shuttle run test, 34 and academic achievement by standardized math and Portuguese tests. 35 Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to explore the association 36 between academic performance and CRF, adjusted for SES, skinfold thickness 37 or BMI-percentile. Results: Among girls CRF was associated with higher 38 academic achievement in math (β=0.146;p=0.003) and Portuguese 39 (β=0.129;p=0.004) in crude and adjusted analyses. No significant association 40 was found among boys. BMI was not associated with overall academic 41 performance. There was a weak negative association between skinfold 42 thickness and performance in mathematics in boys (β=-0.030;p=0.04), but not in 43 girls. Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of maintaining high 44 fitness levels in girls throughout adolescence a period commonly associated 45 with reductions in physical activity levels and CRF. 46
Dermoscopic evaluation of amelanotic and hypomelanotic melanoma.

OBJECTIVE To determine the predictive dermoscopic features of amelanotic and hypomelanotic melanoma. DESIGN A total of 105 melanomas (median Breslow thickness, 0.76 mm), 170 benign melanocytic lesions, and 222 nonmelanocytic lesions lacking significant pigment (amelanotic, partially pigmented, and light colored) were imaged using glass-plate dermoscopy devices and scored for 99 dermoscopic features. Diagnostic models were derived from and tested on independent randomly selected lesions. SETTING Predominantly hospital-based clinics from 5 continents. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratios for individual features and models for the diagnosis of melanoma and malignancy. RESULTS The most significant negative predictors of melanoma were having multiple (>3) milialike cysts (odds ratio, 0.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.64), comma vessels with a regular distribution (0.10; 0.01-0.70), comma vessels as the predominant vessel type (0.16; 0.05-0.52), symmetrical pigmentation pattern (0.18; 0.09-0.39), irregular blue-gray globules (0.20; 0.05-0.87), and multiple blue-gray globules (0.28; 0.10-0.81). The most significant positive predictors were having a blue-white veil (odds ratio,13; 95% confidence interval, 3.9-40.0), scarlike depigmentation (4.4; 2.4-8.0), multiple blue-gray dots (3.5; 1.9-6.4), irregularly shaped depigmentation (3.3; 2.0-5.3), irregular brown dots/globules (3.2; 1.8-5.6), 5 to 6 colors (3.2; 1.6-6.3), and predominant central vessels (3.1; 1.6-6.0). A simple model distinguishing melanomas from all nonmelanomas had a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 56% in the test set. A model distinguishing all malignant lesions from benign lesions had a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 37%. Conclusion Although the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy for melanoma lacking significant pigment is inferior to that of more pigmented lesions, features distinguishing the former from benign lesions can be visualized on dermoscopic evaluation.
The Dataware manifesto

In this paper we concern ourselves with Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA) in the “business to consumer” (B2C) arena. In particular we consider the services required to enable consumers to combine data they possess with data held about them by businesses and government. We introduce the concept of Dataware as the logical federation of data sources containing “my data” and discuss an SOA to deliver new and compelling services and applications able to reap the benefits of value-in-use for consumers.
The effect of the media on body satisfaction in adolescent girls

It has been suggested that the media, in consistently portraying thin, stereotypically attractive bodies, exacerbates the phenomenon of body dissatisfaction, and in consequence may be partly responsible for the increase in the prevalence of eating disorders. A recent study by Ogden and Mundray (1996) observed that an acute exposure to such images increased the body image dissatisfaction of adult subjects, whilst exposure to images of overweight individuals ameliorated dissatisfaction. The present study attempted to investigate this effect in adolescent girls. The results failed to support the experimental hypothesis, however possible reasons for this are discussed. It is suggested that the media's influence on individuals' self-evaluations may be more complex than Ogden and Mundray's results imply, differentially affecting individuals' levels of satisfaction. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Effects of Microstimulation in the Anterior Intraparietal Area during Three-Dimensional Shape Categorization

The anterior intraparietal area (AIP) of rhesus monkeys is part of the dorsal visual stream and contains neurons whose visual response properties are commensurate with a role in three-dimensional (3D) shape perception. Neuronal responses in AIP signal the depth structure of disparity-defined 3D shapes, reflect the choices of monkeys while they categorize 3D shapes, and mirror the behavioral variability across different stimulus conditions during 3D-shape categorization. However, direct evidence for a role of AIP in 3D-shape perception has been lacking. We trained rhesus monkeys to categorize disparity-defined 3D shapes and examined AIP's contribution to 3D-shape categorization by microstimulating in clusters of 3D-shape selective AIP neurons during task performance. We find that microstimulation effects on choices (monkey M1) and reaction times (monkey M1 and M2) depend on the 3D-shape preference of the stimulated site. Moreover, electrical stimulation of the same cells, during either the 3D-shape-categorization task or a saccade task, could affect behavior differently. Interestingly, in one monkey we observed a strong correlation between the strength of choice-related AIP activity (choice probabilities) and the influence of microstimulation on 3D-shape-categorization behavior (choices and reaction time). These findings propose AIP as part of the network responsible for 3D-shape perception. The results also show that the anterior intraparietal cortex contains cells with different tuning properties, i.e. 3D-shape- or saccade-related, that can be dynamically read out depending on the requirements of the task at hand.
Improving Recognition of Speaker States and Traits by Cumulative Evidence: Intoxication, Sleepiness, Age and Gender

We address the fully automatic recognition of intoxication, sleepiness, age and gender from speech in medium-term observation intervals of up to several minutes. The nature of these speaker states and traits as being medium-term or long-term, as opposed to short-term states such as emotion, makes it possible to collect cumulative evidence in the form of utterance level decisions; we show that by fusing these decisions along the time axis, more and more accurate decisions can be obtained. In extensive test runs on three official INTERSPEECH Challenge corpora, we show that the average recall can be improved by up to 5 %, 6 %, 10 % and 11 % absolute by longer-term observation of speaker sleepiness, gender, intoxication, and age, respectively, compared to the accuracy of a decision from a single utterance.
Roles of farm women in England

SUMMARY Women have a significant part to play in British agriculture by maintaining and reproducing the labour force, assisting in farm production, decision making and business administration and helping to improve the quality of life in rural areas. It is hypothesised that individuals will vary in the importance they attach to these activities. A survey of forty-four farmers' wives and women farmers in southern England revealed three ideal role types, distinguished by frequency of manual work, responsibility for farm enterprises, division of labour between husband and wife, approach to housework and participation in local voluntary organisations. Socio-economic status and prior socialisation are used to account for role differences among farm women. Some doubt is cast on the suggestion that the direction of change is necessarily towards the modern, liberated role of woman farmer. Resume Les femmes ont a jouer un role significatif dans l'agriculture britan-nique: reproduire et entretenir la force de travail; aider a la production elle-meme, a la decision et a la gestion de l'entreprise; et aussi contribuer a ameliorer la qualitye de la vie dans les regions rurales. L'auteur fait l'hypothese que les individus accordent une importance variable a ces diverses activites. A partir d'une enquete aupres de quarante-quatre Fermieres et epouses de fermiers du Sud de l'Angleterre, on peut mettre a jour trois types de roles ideaux, en se basant sur la frequence du travail manuel, la responsabilite dans l'entreprise agricole, la division du travail entre hommc et femme, la place accordee au travail domestiquc, et la participation aux associations volontaircs locales. C'est le statut socio-econome et la prime socialisation qui rendent compte de ces differences de role parmi les femmes du milieu agricole. Ceci conduit a mettre en doute l'idee que l'evolution va necessairement vers un modele de femme modernc et liberee.
Capitalist diversity and diversity within capitalism

Abstract At the heart of debates around internal diversity within specific national contexts lie the questions of social action and the relative impact of institutional concentrations at spatial, industrial and specific hierarchical levels. Internal diversity represents the product of specific historical legacies and the uneven nature of change, the effects of transnational players and regulation, the operation of complementarity, and of regional and sectoral dynamics. This article introduces a range of perspectives on conceptualizing internal diversity within national manifestations of capitalism, and provides a framework for the subsequent articles that constitute this special issue.
Environmental concentrations of fibers with fluoro-edenitic composition and population exposure in Biancavilla (Sicily, Italy).

INTRODUCTION The town of Biancavilla (Sicily) was included in the National Priorities List of Contaminated Sites due to environmental dispersion of amphibole fibers owing to the extraction of materials from a local quarry. The present report summarizes results from several, hitherto unpublished, environmental surveys carried out in the area, as well as from published analyses of the chemistry and composition of fibers. METHODS Data included here comprises environmental fiber concentrations by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis in soil, indoor and outdoor air, personal monitoring, as well as a chemical characterization of the fibers. The full chemical structure and spectroscopic characterization of fibers were obtained through a multi-analytical approach: SEM-EDS, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), as well as Mössbauer (MS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopies. RESULTS Data analyzed provided a spatial and temporal picture of fiber concentrations in Biancavilla, and a qualitative assessment of population exposure. Results suggest that until 2000, the population had been exposed to high levels of amphibole fibers. Mitigation measures adopted since 2001, gradually reduced exposure levels to about 0.1-0.4 ff/l. Previous studies on fibrous amphiboles from Biancavilla reported considerable chemical variability. Differences in composition, especially concerning the presence of Si, Ca, Fe, and Na, were found both within and between samples. Compared to the previously investigated prismatic fluoro-edenite, these fibrous fluorine amphiboles consistently showed higher average values of Si and Fe content, whereas Ca was significantly lower, which we consider a distinctive characteristic of the fluorine fibrous variety. CONCLUSIONS The population of Biancavilla had been highly exposed to a suite of fibrous amphiboles for over 50 years. Dust mitigation measures have gradually reduced exposure, but continuous environmental follow-up is necessary in order to monitor exposure levels and prevent adverse health effects for future generations.
Real-Time Twitter Recommendation: Online Motif Detection in Large Dynamic Graphs

We describe a production Twitter system for generating relevant, personalized, and timely recommendations based on observing the temporally-correlated actions of each user's followings. The system currently serves millions of recommendations daily to tens of millions of mobile users. The approach can be viewed as a specific instance of the novel problem of online motif detection in large dynamic graphs. Our current solution partitions the graph across a number of machines, and with the construction of appropriate data structures, motif detection can be translated into the lookup and intersection of adjacency lists in each partition. We conclude by discussing a generalization of the problem that perhaps represents a new class of data management systems.
Online Auctions and the Importance of Reputation Type

A growing number of firms appear to operate under the assumption that the firm can develop a reputation as an e-commerce company and then engage successfully in any type of e-commerce. Yet, there is sufficient evidence to suggest that firms develop a specific 'type' of reputation. This project looks at the importance of reputation type when engaging in e-commerce by comparing the results of individual auctions conducted through the three online auction venues of CNET, eBay and Amazon. If reputation type matters, then we would expect a higher final closing price for computer related items sold through an auction site that has a specific reputation for attracting individuals interested in computer related activities (CNET) or has a specific reputation as an auction site in general (eBay). We would not expect a company like Amazon, best known for selling books, to perform particularly well when attempting to sell computer related items via auction. The results of this analysis indicate a much higher final bi.
IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF PEER MARKING IN HIGHER EDUCATION

ABSTRACT The implementation of peer marking within an existing tutorial system is examined. Peer marks were found to be in close agreement with the tutor's, lending credibility to the approach. The benefits of peer marking were discussed with the students, including their possible improvement in examination technique. This teaching approach has the added advantage in that the tutor can more easily act as a facilitator (rather than as an assessor) in the tutorial sessions. At the end of the year an evaluation of peer marking was carried out Results from a questionnaire showed that five relative advantages of peer marking had been achieved. Further, the students believed that their work had been marked fairly, and that peer marks should count towards their end‐of‐year marks. Peer marking was found tobe most successful, fully complementing a tutorial system of teaching.
Social Business Intelligence: a Literature Review and Research Agenda

The domains of Business Intelligence (BI) and social media have meanwhile become significant research fields. While BI aims at supporting an organization’s decisions by providing relevant analytical data, social media is an emerging source of personal and individual knowledge, opinion, and attitudes of stakeholders. For a while, a convergence of the two domains can be observed in real-world implementations and research, resulting in concepts like social BI. Many research questions still remain open – or even worse – are not yet formulated. Therefore, the paper aims at articulating a research agenda for social BI. By means of a literature review we systematically explored previous work and developed a framework. It contrasts social media characteristics with BI design areas and is used to derive the social BI research agenda. Our results show that the integration of social media (data) into a BI system has impact on almost all BI design objects.