Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Protective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on inflammatory bowel disease: experiment with rat models of induced colitis].

OBJECTIVE To explore the protective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on ulcerative colitis (UC) and mechanism thereof. METHODS Sixty SD rats underwent enema of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) to cause UC and then randomly divided into 6 groups: model group, undergoing enema of normal saline (NS) once a day for 2 weeks; positive drug control group, undergoing enema of 5-aminosalicylic acid (ASA), an anti-UC drug; high-dose EGCG group, undergoing enema of 100 mg/kg EGCG; low-dose EGCG group, undergoing 5 enema of 50 mg/kg EGCG; and EGCG pretreatment group, undergoing enema of 100 mg/kg once a day 3 days before the model establishment and then once a day for 2 weeks after the model establishment. Another 12 rats were used as normal controls. Two weeks later the rats were killed. The histological score of the colonic mucosa was evaluated. The cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression in the colonic mucosa was detected by immunohistochemistry and the cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression was assessed by semiquantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The histological score of the model group was 6.4 +/- 2.7, significantly higher than that of the normal control group (1.0 +/- 0.7, P < 0.01). The histological scores of the 5-ASA, and 100 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg EGCG groups were 3.4 +/- 1.8, 2.6 +/- 1.5, and 4.0 +/- 2.0 respectively, all significantly lower than that of the model group (all P < 0.05). The histological scores of the EGCG pretreatment group was the lowest (1.2 +/- 0.8), especially compared with the model group (P < 0.01). Cyclooxygenase -2 mRNA was not expressed in the normal control group, was highly expressed in the model group, and the expression levels of the 5-ASA and EGCG groups were all significantly lower than that of the model group (chi(2) = 22.017, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Preventing and ameliorating colitis by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 activity, EGCG may be a potential medicine in treating inflammatory bowel disease.
Apolipoprotein A-I Assumes a “Looped Belt” Conformation on Reconstituted High Density Lipoprotein*

Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) plays a central role in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway; however, the structural basis for its antiatherogenic effects remains poorly understood. Here we employ EPR spectroscopy and fluorescence resonance energy transfer to elucidate the conformation and relative alignment of apoA-I monomers on discoidal (9.4 nm) reconstituted high density lipoprotein (rHDL). EPR spectroscopy provided evidence for an extended helical secondary structure. Position 139 since it was the only residue examined to display a dynamic motional character consistent with a flexible loop structure. The EPR spectra of nitroxide probes at positions 133 and 146 exhibit spin coupling, indicating that these positions are proximal to an apoA-I paired counterpart on the perimeter of rHDL. fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies employing engineered apoA-I variants possessing a single tryptophan (energy donor) and/or a single cysteine (whose thiol moiety was covalently labeled with an extrinsic energy acceptor) provided evidence that paired apoA-I molecules around the perimeter of rHDL align in an extended antiparallel conformation. Taken together with the observation that the EPR spectra of nitroxide probes positioned at intervening sequence positions (134-145) do not exhibit spin coupling, this has led us to propose a “looped belt” model, wherein residues 133-146 comprise a flexible loop segment that confers to apoA-I an intrinsic ability to adapt its structure to accommodate changing particle lipid content. Specifically, in the looped belt model, with the exception of amino acids 134-145, apoA-I aligns with its counterpart in a helix 5-helix 5 registry, centered at position 139.
On the number of tetrahedra with minimum, unit, and distinct volumes in three-space

We formulate and give partial answers to several combinatorial problems on four-tuples of <i>n</i> points in three-space. (i) The number of minimum (nonzero) volume tetrahedra spanned by <i>n</i> points in R<sup>3</sup> is Θ(n<sup>3</sup>). (ii) The number of unit-volume tetrahedra determined by <i>n</i> points in R<sup>3</sup> is O(n<sup>7/2</sup>), and there are point sets for which this number is ω(n<sup>3</sup> log log n). (iii) The tetrahedra determined by <i>n</i> points in R<sup>3</sup>, not all on a plane, have at least ω(n) distinct volumes, and there are point sets for which this number is O(n); this gives a first partial answer for the three-dimensional case to an old question of Erdős, Purdy, and Straus. We also give an O(n<sup>3</sup>) time algorithm for reporting all tetrahedra of minimum nonzero volume, and thereby extend an early algorithm of Edelsbrunner, O'Rourke, and Seidel.
ROAST: rotation gene set tests for complex microarray experiments

Motivation: A gene set test is a differential expression analysis in which a P-value is assigned to a set of genes as a unit. Gene set tests are valuable for increasing statistical power, organizing and interpreting results and for relating expression patterns across different experiments. Existing methods are based on permutation. Methods that rely on permutation of probes unrealistically assume independence of genes, while those that rely on permutation of sample are suitable only for two-group comparisons with a good number of replicates in each group. Results: We present ROAST, a statistically rigorous gene set test that allows for gene-wise correlation while being applicable to almost any experimental design. Instead of permutation, ROAST uses rotation, a Monte Carlo technology for multivariate regression. Since the number of rotations does not depend on sample size, ROAST gives useful results even for experiments with minimal replication. ROAST allows for any experimental design that can be expressed as a linear model, and can also incorporate array weights and correlated samples. ROAST can be tuned for situations in which only a subset of the genes in the set are actively involved in the molecular pathway. ROAST can test for uni- or bi-direction regulation. Probes can also be weighted to allow for prior importance. The power and size of the ROAST procedure is demonstrated in a simulation study, and compared to that of a representative permutation method. Finally, ROAST is used to test the degree of transcriptional conservation between human and mouse mammary stems. Availability: ROAST is implemented as a function in the Bioconductor package limma available from www.bioconductor. org Contact: smyth@wehi.edu. au Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The effects of an online sleep hygiene intervention on students' sleep quality

THE EFFECTS OF AN ONLINE SLEEPY HYGIENE INTERVENTION ON STUDENTS' SLEEP QUALITY Giuliana Farias The Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, 2012 Director: Dr. J. Catesby Ware Students in college or in their first year of medical school undergo increased educational and social pressure. To cope, students may sacrifice sleep to meet demands. Poor sleep affects learning, performance, and health. Studies have been successful at improving sleep quality through the use of in-person recruitment or cognitive-behavioral therapy delivered over the internet (Trockel, Manber, Chang, Thurston, & Tailor, 2011). The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether an online sleep hygiene intervention could improve sleep quality. One hundred thirty-eight students from one undergraduate institution in Southeast Virginia completed this study. Students were divided into groups; one of them received information regarding good and bad sleep hygiene and the other received information about dreaming. Both groups filled out the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), The Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Sleep Hygiene Pretests/Post-test and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Two weeks later, participants filled out the same measures they filled out at the beginning of the study. A mixed analysis of variance was used to evaluate the two different groups. Results indicated significant differences between the two groups in sleep hygiene knowledge. Individuals who received information on this topic had higher levels of knowledge from baseline to postintervention. No other significant findings were detected. On average, this sample of college students had similar total hours of sleep as other researchers have identified (Lund, Reider, Whiting, & Prichard, 2010). One hundred seven students (77%) were considered "poor sleepers" by the PSQI Global scores. The SHI also identified poor sleep hygiene practices within this sample. Lastly, participants had relatively average positive mood and below average negative mood as measured by the PANAS during baseline and post-intervention. The brief online sleep hygiene intervention did not improve students' sleep quality. It is believed the intervention did not succeed because students' motivation to alter their sleep practices was not assessed and this may have influenced the likelihood of behavior change. Future research should focus on participants' needs and motivation and use this information to tailor the intervention.
Dynamic single frequency networks

Wireless asymmetric Internet access with a downlink peak bit rate of 10 to 30 Mb/s can be achieved by using the terrestrial digital video broadcasting system (DVB-T) as a supplemental downlink together with today's cellular systems. This paper is a study of dynamic radio resource management on a packet-by-packet basis for this broadband downlink. The dynamic single frequency networks (DSFN) scheme is evaluated. It exploits the macrodiversity capability of the OFDM modulation scheme. The transmitters are dynamically divided into groups of transmitters that send the same information at the same channel frequency simultaneously. The fairly shared spectrum efficiency (FSSE), in bits per second per Hertz per site, which is a combined measurement of maximum throughput and fairness, is evaluated for best-effort traffic. DSFN improves the FSSE by 100% to 370%, for a certain set of test cases, in comparison to the dynamic packet assignment (DPA) scheme, which combines packet scheduling with dynamic channel assignment (DCA).
A Predictive Model of Apartment-Living Based on Socio-Economic and Demographic Factors With Health-Based Approach in Iran

Objective: Due to importance and progressive growth of apartment-living phenomenon in the world today, it is essential to survey the different dimensions of this modern lifestyle. The aim of this study is to predict rate of apartment-living based on the different predicted variables of socio-economic and demographic factors with approach to different health aspects. Methods: A descriptive- analytic study was carried out between 600 apartment and 800 non-apartment residents in the Shiraz (Southern Region of Iran) through multi-stage cluster sampling during the year 2011. The statistical analysis was performed on the obtained data using multi-variable logistic regression as well as ANOVA analysis. Result: The rate for apartment-living in above 30 years old age group was 8.31 times more than 15-30 years old, 9.6 times more in employed vs. unemployed; 6.57 and 9.49 times more in families with average and high monthly incomes, respectively, vs. family with low monthly income; 8.73 times more in owner sub-group vs. renter sub-group; and 1.30 times more in people living lonely than those living with family. People living in an apartment are in poor health status considering physical, mental and social aspects. Conclusion: Based on the results, it is very important that policy makers in urban areas consider the determinative role of socio-economic and demographic factors, which are involved in selecting apartment-living lifestyle by urban residents and also are effective on health.
Communication in the cancer ‘bad news’ consultation: patient perceptions and psychological adjustment

The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between breast cancer survivors' experiences during the diagnostic consultation and their subsequent long‐term psychological adjustment. Sixty women (M age=53 years) who had been diagnosed with local or regional breast cancer (Stage 0–IIIA) an average of 28 months prior were interviewed by telephone. Measures included: Cancer Diagnostic Interview Scale, Anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist – Civilian Version, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and ad hoc items regarding memory for, and satisfaction with, the diagnostic consultation. After controlling for demographic and clinical variables, the three CDIS subscales accounted for 12% of the variance in women's PCL‐C scores (F change=3.46, p<0.05). The CDIS‐Caring subscale was a significant predictor in the ‘best‐fit’ regression model for each of the three indices of long‐term distress (all B's>−0.23, p<0.05). In contrast, the CDIS‐Competence subscale was not a significant predictor in any of the ‘best‐fit’ models. Additionally, women's satisfaction with physician behavior during the diagnostic consultation was unrelated to all adjustment measures (r's<0.10, p's>0.50). Findings suggest that women's perceptions of physicians' interpersonal skills during the diagnostic consultation are associated with later psychological adjustment. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A mobile motion capture system based on inertial sensors and smart shoes

Motion capture systems play an important role in health-care and sport-training systems. In particular, there exists a great demand on a mobile motion capture system that enables people to monitor their health condition and to practice sport postures anywhere at any time. The motion capture systems with infrared or vision cameras, however, require a special setting, which hinders their application to a mobile system. In this paper, a mobile three-dimensional motion capture system is developed based on inertial sensors and smart shoes. Sensor signals are measured and processed by a mobile computer; thus, the proposed system enables the analysis and diagnosis of postures during outdoor sports, as well as indoor activities. The measured signals are transformed into quaternion to avoid the Gimbal lock effect. In order to improve the precision of the proposed motion capture system in an open and outdoor space, a frequency-adaptive sensor fusion method and a kinematic model are utilized to construct the whole body motion in real-time. The reference point is continuously updated by smart shoes that measure the ground reaction forces.
Discovering Planes and Collapsing the State Space in Visual SLAM

Recent advances in real-time visual SLAM have been based primarily on mapping isolated 3-D points. This presents difficulties when seeking to extend operation to wide areas, as the system state becomes large, requiring increasing computational effort. In this paper we present a novel approach to this problem in which planar structural components are embedded within the state to represent mapped points lying on a common plane. This collapses the state size, reducing computation and improving scalability, as well as giving a higher level scene description. Critically, the plane parameters are augmented into the SLAM state in a proper fashion, maintaining inherent uncertainties via a full covariance representation. Results for simulated data and for real-time operation demonstrate that the approach is effective.
ASHP guidelines on adverse drug reaction monitoring and reporting. American Society of Hospital Pharmacy.

Pharmacists have the knowledge and expertise needed to develop and organize comprehensive programs that monitor, report, and evaluate adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in health systems. ADR monitoring and reporting programs (hereinafter, “ADR programs”) encourage surveillance, facilitate documentation, promote reporting, provide mechanisms for monitoring the safety of drug use, and stimulate the education of healthcare professionals. The purpose of this document is to provide updated guidance for organizations initiating an ADR program or seeking to improve an existing program. The following topics are covered: common definitions, recommended program features, program goals, and the pharmacist’s role in the development of a comprehensive program. The recommendations in these guidelines represent a consensus of documented evidence, expert opinion, and professional judgment. They are written to establish reasonable goals that are progressive and challenging yet attainable as best practices in applicable settings. Pharmacy professionals are encouraged to exercise their professional judgment in assessing and adapting these recommendations to meet the specific needs of their healthcare organizations.
The role of antibodies in controlling flavivirus cell entry

Flaviviruses infect their host cells by a membrane fusion reaction. In this study, we performed a functional analysis of the membrane fusion properties of West Nile virus (WNV) with liposomal target membranes. Membrane fusion was monitored continuously using a lipid mixing assay involving the fluorophore pyrene. Fusion of WNV with liposomes occurred on the timescale of seconds and was strictly dependent on mildly acidic pH. Optimal fusion kinetics were observed at pH 6.3, the threshold for fusion being pH 6.9. Preincubation of the virus alone at pH 6.3 resulted in a rapid loss of fusion capacity. WNV fusion activity is strongly promoted by the presence of cholesterol in the target membrane. Furthermore, we provide direct evidence that cleavage of prM to M is a requirement for fusion activity of WNV.
3D Reconstruction from Section Plane Views Based on Self-Adaptive Neural Network

In order to represent 3D spatial entity effectively in geological engineering, layered model for geological mass is put forward based on drill hole information. Firstly, for the given geological drill hole data, adaptive neural network is adopted to forecast ore grade of information unknown areas within the geological sections and then geological layered data is obtained. Secondly, based on discretization meshwork model, topological relations for control points can be established automatically between adjacent data layers, so as to construct surface model of 3D spatial entity, which can be visualized by OpenGL technique. Finally, to evaluate the performance of the approach proposed, a 3D simulation system was developed. The experimental results demonstrate that the new modeling method provides a solution to the 3D reconstruction problems existing in the fields without spatial data and can generate complex 3D solid model with higher accuracy and better time performance.
Computation of Upper and Lower Bounds on Reliability Indices for Bulk Power Systems

Bulk power system reliability analysis includes the computation of probability of system failure. This quantity may be evaluated based on the probability of individual component outage events which are classified as resulting in system failure or nonfailure. The amount of computation required increases exponentially with the numdber of components in the system. Therefore, an exact calculation of system failure probability is not feasible for even moderately large systems.
Perspectives on language and thought: Language and categorization: The acquisition of natural kind terms

What is striking about human categories is their diversity. They range from the simplest classification of a face or color to the most carefully constructed taxonomic grouping. Considering this diversity, many are struck by the apparent gap between the simple, intuitive categories formed by children and the complex, theory-laden categories of educated adults (e.g., Inhelder & Piaget, 1964; Quine, 1969; Vygotsky, 1962). In this chapter we first argue that despite a number of salient differences between children's categories and those of adults, there are important parallels between the two: Both are informed by an ability to overlook salient appearances, an attention to nonobvious properties, and the potential to draw many new inferences about the unknown. Both the initial groupings of the prescientific child and the most thoughtful, theory-laden classifications of the adult extend knowledge in important ways. To use Quine's terminology, both children and adults form “theoretical kinds. ” Second, we address the role of language in the formation of theoretical kinds. Although the structure of everyday object categories (e.g., dog, hammer, oak tree , and computer ) is traditionally thought to result from the structure of the world and/or the nature of human perception and cognition, we will present evidence that language is also critical and that how objects are named helps determine the structure of the categories they fall into. The chapter has three sections. In the first, we set forth our assumptions about the nature of categories for adults. We review recent analyses suggesting that categories are enriched and informed by intuitive theories, summarizing arguments from psychology, philosophy, and linguistics to converge on the point that human categories extend far beyond observable similarities.
Adaptability to Online Learning: Differences across Types of Students and Academic Subject Areas. CCRC Working Paper No. 54.

Using a dataset containing nearly 500,000 courses taken by over 40,000 community and technical college students in Washington State, this study examines how well students adapt to the online environment in terms of their ability to persist and earn strong grades in online courses relative to their ability to do so in face-to-face courses. While all types of students in the study suffered decrements in performance in online courses, some struggled more than others to adapt: males, younger students, Black students, and students with lower grade point averages. In particular, students struggled in subject areas such as English and social science, which was due in part to negative peer effects in these online courses.
Applying the CASSM Framework to Improving End User Debugging of Interactive Machine Learning

This paper presents an application of the CASSM (Concept-based Analysis of Surface and Structural Misfits) framework to interactive machine learning for a bodily interaction domain. We developed software to enable end users to design full body interaction games involving interaction with a virtual character. The software used a machine learning algorithm to classify postures as based on examples provided by users. A longitudinal study showed that training the algorithm was straightforward, but that debugging errors was very challenging. A CASSM analysis showed that there were fundamental mismatches between the users concepts and the working of the learning system. This resulted in a new design in which aimed to better align both the learning algorithm and user interface with users' concepts. This work provides and example of how HCI methods can be applied to machine learning in order to improve its usability and provide new insights into its use.