Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF NORMAL AS COMPARED WITH LOW HEMATOCRIT VALUES IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC DISEASE WHO ARE RECEIVING HEMODIALYSIS AND EPOETIN

A BSTRACT Background In patients with end-stage renal disease, anemia develops as a result of erythropoietin deficiency, and recombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin) is prescribed to correct the anemia partially. We examined the risks and benefits of normalizing the hematocrit in patients with cardiac disease who were undergoing hemodialysis. Methods We studied 1233 patients with clinical evidence of congestive heart failure or ischemic heart disease who were undergoing hemodialysis: 618 patients were assigned to receive increasing doses of epoetin to achieve and maintain a hematocrit of 42 percent, and 615 were assigned to receive doses of epoetin sufficient to maintain a hematocrit of 30 percent throughout the study. The median duration of treatment was 14 months. The primary end point was the length of time to death or a first nonfatal myocardial infarction. Results After 29 months, there were 183 deaths and 19 first nonfatal myocardial infarctions among the patients in the normal-hematocrit group and 150 deaths and 14 nonfatal myocardial infarctions among those in the low-hematocrit group (risk ratio for the normal-hematocrit group as compared with the lowhematocrit group, 1.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.9 to 1.9). Although the difference in event-free survival between the two groups did not reach the prespecified statistical stopping boundary, the study was halted. The causes of death in the two groups were similar. The mortality rates decreased with increasing hematocrit values in both groups. The patients in the normal-hematocrit group had a decline in the adequacy of dialysis and received intravenous iron dextran more often than those in the low-hematocrit group. Conclusions In patients with clinically evident congestive heart failure or ischemic heart disease who are receiving hemodialysis, administration of epoetin to raise their hematocrit to 42 percent is not recommended. (N Engl J Med 1998;339:584-90.)
Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Delivery in Women with Preterm Prelabor Rupture of the Membranes ( PPROM ) A Retrospective Comparison between Deliveries after Versus Before 34 Weeks of Gestation

The aim of the current study was to retrospectively compare the maternal and neonatal outcomes of delivery in women with preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes (PPROM) who deliver before and after 34 weeks of gestation over a period of three years in Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital.This retrospective study included singleton pregnant women with a diagnosis of PPROM. Only women who were eligible for expectant management for at least 48 hours were included in the analysis. Neonatal outcomes included admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for neonatal sepsis or respiratory distress, neonatal jaundice, and perinatal mortality. Maternal outcomes included fever, chorioamnionitis, umbilical cord prolapse, and postpartum pyrexia.A total of 1721 eligible women were included in the final analysis. The mean age of included women was 24.22 ± 4.5 years (range: 18 – 38 years). The mean gestational age at delivery was 33.17 ± 3.8 weeks (range: 28.14 – 36 weeks). The included women were divided into 2 groups: group I (n=953) including women who delivered at < 34 weeks of gestation; and group II (n=768) including women who delivered at ≥ 34 weeks of gestation. The rate of chorioamnionitis was significantly higher in women of group II [39 (5.1%) vs. 28 (2.9%), respectively, p=0.023]. The rate of NICU admission for neonatal sepsis was significantly higher in women of group II [49 (6.4%) vs. 37 (3.9%)), respectively, p=0.018].
KRust: A Formal Executable Semantics of Rust

Rust is a new and promising high-level system programming language. It provides both memory safety and thread safety through its novel mechanisms such as ownership, moves and borrows. Ownership system ensures that at any point there is only one owner of any given resource. The ownership of a resource can be moved or borrowed according to the lifetimes. The ownership system establishes a clear lifetime for each value and hence Rust does not necessarily need garbage collection. These novel features bring Rust high performance, fine-grained low-level control over memory without garbage collection, which differentiate Rust from other existing prevalent languages. For formal analysis of Rust programs and helping programmers learn its new mechanisms and features, a formal semantics of Rust is desired and useful as a fundament for developing related tools. In this paper, we present a formal executable operational semantics of a subset of Rust, called KRust. The semantics is defined in K, a rewriting-based executable semantic framework for programming languages. The executable semantics yields automatically a formal interpreter and verification tools for Rust programs. KRust has been validated by testing with 182 tests, including 157 tests from the official Rust
Human-level Performance On Automatic Head Biometrics In Fetal Ultrasound Using Fully Convolutional Neural Networks

Measurement of head biometrics from fetal ultrasonography images is of key importance in monitoring the healthy development of fetuses. However, the accurate measurement of relevant anatomical structures is subject to large inter-observer variability in the clinic. To address this issue, an automated method utilizing Fully Convolutional Networks (FCN) is proposed to determine measurements of fetal head circumference (HC) and biparietal diameter (BPD). An FCN was trained on approximately 2000 2D ultrasound images of the head with annotations provided by 45 different sonographers during routine screening examinations to perform semantic segmentation of the head. An ellipse is fitted to the resulting segmentation contours to mimic the annotation typically produced by a sonographer. The model’s performance was compared with inter-observer variability, where two experts manually annotated 100 test images. Mean absolute model-expert error was slightly better than inter-observer error for HC (1.99mm vs 2.16mm), and comparable for BPD (0.61mm vs 0.59mm), as well as Dice coefficient (0.980 vs 0.980). Our results demonstrate that the model performs at a level similar to a human expert, and learns to produce accurate predictions from a large dataset annotated by many sonographers. Additionally, measurements are generated in near real-time at 15fps on a GPU, which could speed up clinical workflow for both skilled and trainee sonographers.
Bone Marrow CD133+ Stem Cells Ameliorate Visual Dysfunction in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Mice with Early Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide, is characterized by neurovascular disorders. Emerging evidence has demonstrated retinal neurodegeneration in the early pathogenesis of DR, and no treatment has been developed to prevent the early neurodegenerative changes that precede detectable microvascular disorders. Bone marrow CD133+ stem cells with revascularization properties exhibit neuroregenerative potential. However, whether CD133+ cells can ameliorate the neurodegeneration at the early stage of DR remains unclear. In this study, mouse bone marrow CD133+ stem cells were immunomagnetically isolated and analyzed for the phenotypic characteristics, capacity for neural differentiation, and gene expression of neurotrophic factors. After being labeled with enhanced green fluorescent protein, CD133+ cells were intravitreally transplanted into streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice to assess the outcomes of visual function and retina structure and the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect. We found that CD133+ cells co-expressed typical hematopoietic/endothelial stem/progenitor phenotypes, could differentiate to neural lineage cells, and expressed genes of robust neurotrophic factors in vitro. Functional analysis demonstrated that the transplantation of CD133+ cells prevented visual dysfunction for 56 days. Histological analysis confirmed such a functional improvement and showed that transplanted CD133+ cells survived, migrated into the inner retina (IR) over time and preserved IR degeneration, including retina ganglion cells (RGCs) and rod-on bipolar cells. In addition, a subset of transplanted CD133+ cells in the ganglion cell layer differentiated to express RGC markers in STZ-induced diabetic retina. Moreover, transplanted CD133+ cells expressed brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNFs) in vivo and increased the BDNF level in STZ-induced diabetic retina to support the survival of retinal cells. Based on these findings, we suggest that transplantation of bone marrow CD133+ stem cells represents a novel approach to ameliorate visual dysfunction and the underlying IR neurodegeneration at the early stage of DR.
The Role of Affective and Cognitive Individual Differences in Social Perception

Three studies explored the connection between social perception processes and individual differences in the use of affective and cognitive information in relation to attitudes. Study 1 revealed that individuals high in need for affect (NFA) accentuated differences in evaluations of warm and cold traits, whereas individuals high in need for cognition (NFC) accentuated differences in evaluations of competent and incompetent traits. Study 2 revealed that individual differences in NFA predicted liking of warm or cold targets, whereas individual differences in NFC predicted perceptions of competent or incompetent targets. Furthermore, the effects of NFA and NFC were independent of structural bases and meta-bases of attitudes. Study 3 revealed that differences in the evaluation of warm and cold traits mediated the effects of NFA and NFC on liking of targets. The implications for social perception processes and for individual differences in affect–cognition are discussed.
Past Trauma and Current Stress and Coping: Toward a General Model

ABSTRACT Studies find trauma to both sensitize and steel its victims to subsequent stress, but results are specific to certain populations, traumas, or indices of stress and coping. Here, a general population sample (N = 255) completed comprehensive measures of trauma, stress, and coping to suggest a general model of their relationships. Regressions showed childhood—but not lifetime—trauma linked to avoidant coping and greater stress, indicating a partial mediation model. Structural equation modeling (SEM) verified that childhood trauma predicted adult stress both directly and through avoidance. Limitations of present methods, and suggestions for continuing the development of a general trauma-coping-stress model, are discussed.
Block-Structure Based Time-Series Models For Graph Sequences

Although the computational and statistical trade-off for modeling single graphs, for instance using block models, is relatively well understood, extending such results to sequences of graphs has proven to be difficult. In this work, we propose two models for graph sequences that capture: (a) link persistence between nodes across time, and (b) community persistence of each node across time. In the first model, we assume that the latent community of each node does not change over time, and in the second model we relax this assumption suitably. For both of these proposed models, we provide computationally efficient inference algorithms, whose unique feature is that they leverage community detection methods that work on single graphs. We also provide experimental results validating the suitability of the models and the performance of our algorithms on synthetic instances.
Understanding the Promise and Limits of Automated Fact-Checking

The last year has seen growing attention among journalists, policymakers, and technology companies to the problem of finding effective, large-scale responses to online misinformation. The furore over so-called ‘fake news’ has exacerbated long-standing concerns about political lying and online rumours in a fragmented media environment, sharpening calls for technological solutions to what is often seen as a technological problem. This factsheet gives an overview of efforts to automatically police false political claims and misleading content online, highlighting central research challenges in this area as well as current initiatives involving professional fact-checkers, platform companies, and artificial intelligence researchers.
Skeletons of stable maps I: rational curves in toric varieties

We study the Berkovich analytification of the space of genus 0 logarithmic stable maps to a toric variety X and present applications to both algebraic and tropical geometry. On algebraic side, insights from tropical geometry give two new geometric descriptions of this space of maps — (1) as an explicit toroidal modification of M¯0,n×X and (2) as a tropical compactification in a toric variety. On the combinatorial side, we prove that the tropicalization of the space of genus 0 logarithmic stable maps coincides with the space of tropical stable maps, giving a large new collection of examples of faithful tropicalizations for moduli. Moreover, we identify the optimal settings in which the tropicalization of the moduli space of maps is faithful. The Nishinou–Siebert correspondence theorem is shown to be a consequence of this geometric connection between the algebraic and tropical moduli.
Assessing Higher- and Lower-Order Processing in Children With and Without ADHD: A Prospective Longitudinal Study

iv Acknowledgments vii List of Tables xi List of Figures xiii Specific Aims 1 ADHD: Phenomenology and Development 7 Developmental Trajectory 8 Structural Brain Development 9 ADHD and Brain Development 10 Neuroanatomical Correlates of ADHD 10 Neuropsychological Evidence 13 Theoretical Perspectives of ADHD 16 Present Study 23 Method 30 Participants 30 Diagnostic Measures 34 Procedure 38 Data Analyses 40 Results 47 Hierarchical Linear Modeling 47
Distributed Measurement Data Gathering about Moving Objects

This paper describes approaches to gathering measurement data about moving objects in networks with low bandwidth. The first approach uses Fog computing conception and suggests moving assessing the quality of the measurement data into measuring points. The second approach uses prediction of telemetry quality by mining models. In addition, the paper presents implementation of these approaches based on actor model. As a result, it became possible not only to load balancing among edge and cloud nodes, but also to significantly reduce the network traffic, which in turn brings the possibility of decreasing the requirements for communication channels bandwidth and of using wireless networks for gathering measurement data about moving objects.
Histological and Clinical Findings in Patients with Post-Transplantation and Classical Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis: A European Multicenter Study

Background Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) commonly presents after peritoneal dialysis has been stopped, either post-transplantation (PT-EPS) or after switching to hemodialysis (classical EPS, cEPS). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether PT-EPS and cEPS differ in morphology and clinical course. Methods In this European multicenter study we included fifty-six EPS patients, retrospectively paired-matched for peritoneal dialysis (PD) duration. Twenty-eight patients developed EPS after renal transplantation, whereas the other twenty-eight patients were classical EPS patients. Demographic data, PD details, and course of disease were documented. Peritoneal biopsies of all patients were investigated using histological criteria. Results Eighteen patients from the Netherlands and thirty-eight patients from Germany were included. Time on PD was 78(64–95) in the PT-EPS and 72(50–89) months in the cEPS group (p>0.05). There were no significant differences between the morphological findings of cEPS and PT-EPS. Podoplanin positive cells were a prominent feature in both groups, but with a similar distribution of the podoplanin patterns. Time between cessation of PD to the clinical diagnosis of EPS was significantly shorter in the PT-EPS group as compared to cEPS (4(2–9) months versus 23(7–24) months, p<0.001). Peritonitis rate was significantly higher in cEPS. Conclusions In peritoneal biopsies PT-EPS and cEPS are not distinguishable by histomorphology and immunohistochemistry, which argues against different entities. The critical phase for PT-EPS is during the first year after transplantation and therefore earlier after PD cessation then in cEPS.
Habitat selection by Drosophila melanogaster larvae

Drosophila melanogaster larvae are used to examine habitat choice behavior and its effect on a component of preadult fitness (pupal survivorship). We established strains of flies by collecting pupae from two microhabitats from an orchard. Strain differences in pupation site choice (on versus off fruit) persisted in a field‐like laboratory assay without artificial selection. To produce heterogeneous environments, air temperature and soil water content were varied in these assays. A habitat suitability difference measure was used to determine for each environment, which microhabitat (on or off fruit) resulted in greater pupal survivorship. We found 1) that habitat choice behavior had both plastic and heritable components, 2) that strain‐by‐environment interactions influenced habitat choice behavior and pupal survivorship and, 3) a significant positive correlation between habitat suitability and larval habitat choice behavior.
Offline Evaluation of Ranking Policies with Click Models

Many web systems rank and present a list of items to users, from recommender systems to search and advertising. An important problem in practice is to evaluate new ranking policies offline and optimize them before they are deployed. We address this problem by proposing evaluation algorithms for estimating the expected number of clicks on ranked lists from historical logged data. The existing algorithms are not guaranteed to be statistically efficient in our problem because the number of recommended lists can grow exponentially with their length. To overcome this challenge, we use models of user interaction with the list of items, the so-called click models, to construct estimators that learn statistically efficiently. We analyze our estimators and prove that they are more efficient than the estimators that do not use the structure of the click model, under the assumption that the click model holds. We evaluate our estimators in a series of experiments on a real-world dataset and show that they consistently outperform prior estimators.
The Impact of Perceived Social Support from Family and Empowerment on Maternal Wellbeing in the Postpartum Period

Background & aim: With the aim of improving maternal and neonatal health, the World Health Organization has placed emphasis on women's empowerment and well-being. This study aimed to investigate the impact of perceived social support from family and empowerment on maternal well-being after delivery. Methods : This descriptive study was conducted on 358 mothers within 24-48 h after delivery. For the purpose of data collection, four questionnaires were employed to evaluate the participants’ health status, perceived social support from family, empowerment, and well-being. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling through Stata software at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean scores of women’s well-being, perceived social family support, and empowerment were 12.9±5.8, 15±3.7, and 70.3±13.5, respectively. The results showed that the score of perceived social support from family had a direct impact on mothers’ well-being score. Moreover, there was a significant correlation (0.55) between empowerment and perceived social support from family in the postpartum period. Conclusion : Regarding the direct relationship between empowerment and perceived social family support after delivery, it is recommended to enhance the well-being of mothers in the postpartum period and provide training for pregnant women and their families.
Spatial probit regression model: Recursive importance sampling approach

The probit regression model is a model used to analyze the relationship between categorical response variables, with predictive variables that are numerical, categorical, or the combination of both. In some cases, the data which generated in response variables in the categorical probit regression may also be influenced by spatial autocorrelation. If the influence of spatial autocorrelation is ignored and still using the standard probit model, it will produces an inconsistent and biased parameter estimation. To handle the case, it has developed a method of probit analysis that has considering the spatial element in it is spatial probit regresion. According to several estimation methods that using spatial probit regression, the recursive importance sampling (RIS) method performs best or surpass other methods in terms of accuracy. The formation of spatial probability regression model that using RIS method was applied on the case of health index in Papua Island, Indonesia, where significant predictor variables in establishing spatial probability regression model on health index were; per capita expenditure, percentage of households with proper drinking water source, percentage of population having smoking habits, average length of school, and ratio of health facilities to the number of villages. The model has an accuracy value of 61.90 percent.
Envelhecimento, demência e doença de Alzheimer: o que a psicologia tem a ver com isso?

A Doenca de Alzheimer (DA) e hoje uma das mais temidas doencas a medida que a idade avanca. A dificuldade de memoria tipica desse quadro torna seus portadores repetitivos, ansiosos e depressivos. Esse quadro sintomatico, antigamente considerado caracteristica intrinseca a velhice, configura hoje problema de saude publica, conquistando gradativamente espaco na midia e na pesquisa cientifica. Diversos profissionais da saude vem destacando o papel fundamental que a atividade mental e fisica tem na luta contra esse mal. Tais constatacoes tem chamado atencao de neuropsicologos interessados em saber qual e o papel da manutencao das funcoes cognitivas em casos nos quais a demencia ja foi diagnosticada. Buscou-se obter na presente revisao de literatura uma visao geral dos tratamentos paliativos administrados por psicologos que promovem a reducao ou o retardo dos sintomas cognitivos, comportamentais e funcionais da DA na busca pela melhoria da qualidade de vida.
frailtyEM: An R Package for Estimating Semiparametric Shared Frailty Models

When analyzing correlated time to event data, shared frailty (random effect) models are particularly attractive. However, the estimation of such models has proved challenging. In semiparametric models, this is further complicated by the presence of the nonparametric baseline hazard. Although recent years have seen an increased availability of software for fitting frailty models, most software packages focus either on a small number of distributions of the random effect, or support only on a few data scenarios. frailtyEM is an R package that provides maximum likelihood estimation of semiparametric shared frailty models using the expectation-maximization algorithm. The implementation is consistent across several scenarios, including possibly left truncated clustered failures and recurrent events in both calendar time and gap time formulation. A large number of frailty distributions belonging to the power variance function family are supported. Several methods facilitate access to predicted survival and cumulative hazard curves, both for an individual and on a population level. An extensive number of summary measures and statistical tests are also provided.