Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Anisotropic Ion Pressure on Solitary Waves in Magnetized Dusty Plasmas

The propagation of linear and nonlinear dust ion acoustic waves (DIAWs) are studied in a collisionless magnetized plasma which consists of warm ions having anisotropic thermal pressure, nonthermal (energetic) electrons and static dust particles of positive and negative charge polarity. The anisotropic ion pressure is defined using double adiabatic Chew‐Golberger‐Low (CGL) theory. In the linear regime, the propagation properties of the two possible modes are investigated via ion pressure anisotropy, dust particle polarity and nonthermality of electrons. Using reductive method Zakharov‐Kuznetsov (ZK) equation is derived for the propagation of two dimensional electrostatic dust ion acoustic solitary waves in dusty plasmas. It is found that both compressive and rarefactive solitons are formed in presence of nonthermal electrons using Cairn's distribution [R.A. Cairns, A.A. Mamun, R. Bingham, R.O. Dendy, R. Bostrom, C.M. C. Nairn and P.K. Shukla, Geophys.Res. Lett. 22, 2709 (1995)] in the system. The ion pressure anisotropy, nonthermality of electrons and charge polarity of the dust particles have significant effects on the amplitude and width of the dust ion acoustic solitary waves in such anisotropic nonthermal magnetized dusty plasmas. The numerical results are also presented for illustration. Our finding is applicable to space dusty plasma regimes having anisotropic ion pressure and nonthermal electrons. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Missing Information: Why Don'T More Firms Seek Out Business Advice?

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.
Conceptual Aircraft Empennage Design Based on Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Approach

Within a conventional aircraft design process, the horizontal tail and vertical tail are generally sized via volume coefficient methods. In this manuscript, an improved method for conceptual aircraft tail design based on multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) approach with stability and control constraints has been developed. To develop this method, first, the tail design requirements have been derived from the regulations and the fundamental functionalities of tail plans. Then, the empennage design is formulated as an MDO problem. Eventually the design optimization of horizontal and vertical tail is combined with the design optimization of the aircraft wing. A test case is presented for concurrent wing and tail plane design, which resulted in more than 9% reduction in aircraft block fuel weight and more than 3% reduction in aircraft maximal takeoff weight, which indicates a great potential for fuel burn and carbon reductions with empennage design optimization at conceptual aircraft design phase.
Students’ and Teacher’s Challenges in Distance Learning Implementation in EFL Context in SMK Nusa Dua Toya Anyar Kubu, Karangasem

This study aims to investigate the students’ and teacher’s challenges in learning EFL in distance learning context for 162 eleventh grade students and one English teacher in SMK Nusa Dua Toya Anyar Kubu, Karangasem in the academic year of 2020/2021. This study used mixed-method as the data were collected through questionnaire for the quantitative data and interview for qualitative data. The quantitative data were analyzed by using SPSS to find the mean score and used TCR guidelines of categorization developed from Sugiyono (2017), while the qualitative data were analyzed according to the steps by Miles and Huberman (1994). The result of students’ challenges are found that the challenges related to instructional variables (lack of explanation from teachers and limited opportunity to practice four English basic skills) were categorized the highest challenges experienced by the students compared to in institutional and individual variables. In addition, the result for the teacher’s data analysis found that the evaluation and assessment variables are the highest challenges compared to access and motivation variables. Understanding the role of teacher as the instructor in distance learning is important to improve students’ ability and can minimize the students’ challenges in distance learning. Keywords: Distance learning, EFL, Learning Challenges
Direct Elicitation of Indirect Preferences

This paper re-examines the discrete choice methods and stated preference elicitation procedures that are commonly used in choice-based conjoint analysis. The aim is to clarify their domains of applicability and provide reliable techniques for data collection and analysis. CONTENTS Topic Page Preface 2 1 Choice Behavior and Consumer Welfare 2 1.1 Utility 5 1.2 Choice Probabilities 8 1.3 Consumer Welfare 10 1.4 Estimation 12 2 Some History of Stated Preference Elicitation 13 3 Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis (CBC) 15 3.1. Sampling and Recruitment 18 3.2. Design of Conjoint Experiments 19 3.3. Subject Training 21 3.4. Incentive Alignment 22 3.5. Reconciliation and Validation 23 3.6. A Conjoint Study Example 23 3.7. Stated Perceptions, Expectations, and Well-Being 25 4 Maximum Simulated Likelihood (MSL) Analysis of CBC Data 26 5 Hierarchical Bayes (HB) Estimation 29 5.1. Bayesian Estimation 30 5.2. Selecting Priors and Computing Posteriors 36 5.3. Hierarchical Bayes Methods 43 5.4. Policy Simulations 46 5.5. A Monte Carlo Example 47 6 An Empirical CBC Study using MSL and HB Methods 51 7 Caveats and Conclusions 55
Robust H/sub /spl infin// nonlinear control via fuzzy static output feedback

An optimization technique is proposed to represent a class of nonlinear systems by a Takagi-Sugeno uncertain fuzzy model. Then, a robust H/sub /spl infin// quadratic stabilization problem to the uncertain fuzzy systems via static output feedback is investigated. It is proved that the existence of a set of solvable bilinear matrix inequalities (BMIs) suffices to guarantee the quadratic stabilization of an uncertain fuzzy system in an H/sub /spl infin// sense. A linear matrix inequality formulation is suggested to alleviate the difficulties of BMI that are inherited from the stabilizability problems via static output feedback control. Both continuous- and discrete-time systems are treated in a unified approach and connections to state feedback and dynamic-output feedback are addressed.
High-Intensity Exercise Training Improves Basal Platelet Prostacyclin Sensitivity and Potentiates the Response to Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy in Postmenopausal Women

The risk of thrombotic events dramatically increases with age and may be accelerated in women by the cessation of endogenous estrogen production at menopause. Patients at risk of thrombosis are prescribed dual anti-platelet therapy (DAPT; aspirin and a P2Y12 antagonist) and are encouraged to participate in regular physical activity, as these modalities improve nitric oxide and prostacyclin-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation. Methods: We assessed prostacyclin sensitivity as well as basal platelet reactivity with and without in vitro DAPT before and after an 8-week high-intensity exercise training program in 13 healthy, sedentary postmenopausal women. The training intervention consisted of three 1 h sessions per week. Isolated platelets were analyzed for thromboxane A2 receptor, thromboxane A2 synthase, cyclooxygenase-1, and prostacyclin receptor protein expression. Additionally, plasma 6-keto prostaglandin F1α and thromboxane B2 levels were determined. Results: Exercise training made platelets more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of prostacyclin on thromboxane-, collagen-, and adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP)-induced aggregation, as well as thrombin-receptor activator peptide 6- and ADP-induced aggregation with DAPT. However, there was no change in protein expression from isolated platelets or plasma thromboxane B2 and prostacyclin levels following training. Conclusion: Together, these findings emphasize the importance of promoting physical activity as a tool for reducing thrombotic risk in postmenopausal women and suggest that training status should be considered when prescribing DAPT in this cohort.
Sensitivity analysis of the physics options in the Weather Research and Forecasting model for typhoon forecasting in Japan and its impacts on storm surge simulations

ABSTRACT Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is useful for forecasting typhoons as an external force of storm surge forecasts. This study examines the variation in typhoon forecasts caused by different choices of arbitrary physics options in WRF and their influence on storm surge forecasts. Eight frequently used combinations of cloud microphysics and planetary boundary layers were extracted via a review of previous studies. Subsequently, sensitivity analyses of these physics options were performed, targeting nine typhoons that landed in Japan during 2015–2019. Additionally, we conducted case studies of storm surge ensemble forecasts in Tokyo Bay and Osaka Bay using WRF-simulated typhoons generated in the sensitivity analysis. As a result, the ensemble mean of the forecasts was comparable to the storm surge reanalysis simulation results obtained using an empirical typhoon model wherein the best track data is integrated to reproduce atmospheric fields. This may be attributed to the fact that the typhoon parameters (intensity, size, approaching angle, and velocity) obtained from the best track at landfall were generally within the range of the parameters that were simulated using WRF.
Typical rank of $m\times n\times (m-1)n$ tensors with $3\leq m\leq n$ over the real number field

Tensor type data are used recently in various application fields, and then a typical rank is important. Let $3\leq m\leq n$. We study typical ranks of $m\times n\times (m-1)n$ tensors over the real number field. Let $\rho$ be the Hurwitz-Radon function defined as $\rho(n)=2^b+8c$ for nonnegative integers $a,b,c$ such that $n=(2a+1)2^{b+4c}$ and $0\leq b \rho(n)$, then the set of $m\times n\times (m-1)n$ tensors has only one typical rank $(m-1)n$.
On the suspected timing-offset-induced calibration error in the Wilkinson microwave anisotropy probe time-ordered data

In the time-ordered data (TOD) files of the WMAP CMB observations, there is an undocumented timing offset of -25.6 ms between the spacecraft attitude and radio flux density timestamps. If the offset induced an error during calibration of the raw TOD, then estimates of the WMAP CMB quadrupole might be substantially in error. A timing error during calibration would not only induce an artificial quadrupole-like signal in the mean sky map, it would also add variance per pixel. This variance would be present in the calibrated TOD. Low-resolution map-making as a function of timing offset should show a minimum variance for the correct timing offset. Three years of the calibrated, filtered WMAP 3-year TOD are compiled into sky maps at HEALPix resolution N_side=8, individually for each of the K, Ka, Q, V and W band differencing assemblies (DA's), as a function of timing offset. The median per map of the temperature fluctuation variance per pixel is calculated and minimised against timing offset. Minima are clearly present. The timing offsets that minimise the median variance are -38 \pm 8 ms (K, Ka), -27 \pm 3 ms (Q), -43 \pm 8 ms (V), and -47 \pm 194 ms (W), i.e. an average of -30 \pm 3 ms, where the WMAP collaboration's preferred offset is 0 \pm 1.7 ms. A non-parametric bootstrap analysis rejects the latter at a significance of 99.999%. The hypothesis of a -25.6 ms offset, suggested by Liu, Xiong & Li from the TOD file timing offset, is consistent with these minima. It is difficult to avoid the conclusion that the WMAP calibrated TOD and inferred maps are wrongly calibrated. CMB quadrupole estimates (3/pi)C_2 based on the incorrectly calibrated TOD are overestimated by roughly 64 \pm 6% (KQ85 mask) to 94 \pm 10% (KQ75 mask). Ideally, the WMAP map-making pipelines should be redone starting from the uncalibrated TOD and using the -25.6 ms timing offset correction.
Green upconversion luminescence in Er3+:BaTiO3 films

Green upconversion emissions at 548 and 528 nm have been obtained from sol-gel derived nanocrystalline Er3+:BaTiO3 films under 980 nm excitation. The green emissions are attributed to the ground-state (4I15/2) -directed transitions from 2H11/2 (528 nm) and 4S3/2 (548 nm) of Er3+ ions. Analysis of the temporal evolution of the emission at 548 nm shows that both excited state absorption of individual ion and energy transfer between the two neighboring ions contribute to the upconversion emissions in Er3+ (3 mol %):BaTiO3 film. The lifetime of the dominant emission at 548 nm is about 90 μs.
A three-dimensional freeform blading tool based on NURBS curves and surfaces implemented in Python

High performance compressor design requires the blades to be parametrized with highly three-dimensional freeform surfaces. One of the most widely used and versatile curve/surface modelling approaches in the CAD community is the Non-uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS). Although blading tools are nowadays rather established and widely used in the turbomachinery industry, much of the work is either in legacy codes or done through commercial software, but a lot of knowwhy is missing. In this work, an effort to model the traditionally designed blades as well as more advanced modern designs with a unified approach is made, with the intention to understand the appropriate parametrization approach based on first principles and hopefully simplify the task of selecting a ‘suitable’ parametrization method for blade design practitioners. The Python code developed in this work can model axial and radial blade sections as well as three-dimensional blades including the hub and shroud profiles using NURBS. The control points for the NURBS curves/surfaces are computed using the input camber and thickness distribution. In addition, an automatic fitting algorithm based on optimization is also developed to re-parametrize blade shape provided in the form of point cloud. The results in the paper serve as a first step for building a simple yet versatile blading tool which will in the future be imbedded in an optimization workflow.
Music preference, social identity, and collective self-esteem

Previous research suggests there may be links between people’s self-esteem and their musical preferences, although this evidence is inconsistent and inconclusive. The present study aimed to reexamine these links using measures of collective self-esteem, while also taking into account factors that are likely to moderate these links (i.e., age, gender, and personality). One hundred thirty-nine young adults completed an online questionnaire assessing their musical preferences, collective self-esteem, and personality. Participants’ musical preferences were found to be linked to their self-reported collective self-esteem. When controlling for the effects of age, gender, and personality, scores on the private collective self-esteem subscale were found to positively predict preference for “intense and rebellious” music (i.e., hard rock, heavy metal, punk). Scores on the importance to identity subscale, however, were found to negatively predict participants’ preference for “reflective and complex” music (e.g., blues, classical music, folk). These findings suggest that collective self-esteem might play a role in how our musical preferences develop and offer further evidence for the idea that our music preferences are somehow linked to our sense of identity.
Estimation of the long memory parameter in non stationary models: A Simulation Study

In this paper we perform a Monte Carlo study based on three well-known semiparametric estimates for the long memory fractional parameter. We study the efficiency of Geweke and Porter-Hudak, Gaussian semiparametric and wavelet Ordinary Least-Square estimates in both stationary and non stationary models. We consider an adequate data tapers to compute non stationary estimates. The Monte Carlo simulation study is based on different sample size. We show that for d belonging to [1/4,1.25) the Haar estimate performs the others with respect to the mean squared error. The estimation methods are applied to energy data set for an empirical illustration.
Theory & Methods: Bayesian estimates in a one‐way ANOVA random effects model

Bayesian estimators of variance components are developed, based on posterior mean and posterior mode, respectively, in a one‐way ANOVA random effects model with independent prior distributions. The formulas for the proposed estimators are simple. The estimators give sensible results for ‘badly‐behaved’ datasets, where the standard unbiased estimates are negative. They are markedly robust as compared to the existing estimators such as the maximum likelihood estimators and the maximum posterior density estimators.
The Sun Is Rising in the East: Dual-Class Shares and the Competitive Landscape of Technological Industries in Asia

There has recently been a relaxation of listing regulations to accommodate and attract firms going public with dual-class shares (DCS), notably in Asia. We examine the value implications of DCS adoption by employing an event study around a regulatory change allowing DCS listings in Hong Kong. We find negative market reactions around these regulatory discussions for firms already listed in Hong Kong, especially for firms in technology (tech) sectors. However, the market reaction turned positive for tech firms during Hong Kong’s first DCS listing. We identify two distinct channels that influenced shareholders’ perspectives on DCS: the competition channel, which dominated in the earlier discussions, as firms facing more competitive threats experienced lower returns; and the capital channel, which arose later, as it became clear that the regulatory change would enable all tech firms to attract more institutional capital.
Nonlinear coupling tracking control for underactuated construction lifting robots with load hoisting/lowering under initial input saturations

Underactuated construction lifting robots, which have been widely concerned by erudite researchers, always contain load hoisting/lowering motion. When the cable length is utilized as a variable, construction lifting robots produce violent load swing, which affects the construction safety undoubtedly and brings great challenges to the development of the controller. Moreover, most existing controllers may not take into account issues, such as initial input saturations and poor ability to suppress load swing, and they may utilize linearization or approximation. Inspired by these phenomena, a nonlinear coupling tracking controller for underactuated construction lifting robots with load hoisting/lowering under initial input saturations is proposed. With reference to expected trajectories to ensure the smooth operation of the construction lifting robot system, the initial input saturations are considered to make the trolley and cable start stably, respectively; a coupling signal, which contains actuated variables and underactuated variables, is constructed to improve the transient control performance of construction lifting robots. Combined with theoretical derivation, simulation, and experimental verification, the proposed controller achieves superior control performance, which ensures the accurate positionings of the system, and suppresses and eliminates the load swing effectively, so as to ensure the safe construction; the proposed controller admits outstanding robustness with respect to the changes of system parameters and the adverse effects of external disturbances. The proposed controller provides a novel antiswing strategy for construction lifting robots with load hoisting/lowering, which possesses excellent practical significance.
Design of a tunable frequency selective surface absorber as a loaded receiving antenna array

An effective approach to designing a tunable electromagnetic absorber is presented and experimentally verified; it is based on an idea that an existing frequency selective surface (FSS) absorber is regarded as a loaded receiving antenna array. The existing absorber is effectively simplified by withdrawing half of the loaded resistors; a more compact one is obtained when lumped capacitors are introduced. Building on this, a varactor-tunable absorber with a proper bias network is proposed. Numerical simulations of one tunable absorber with 1.6 mm in thickness show that a wide tuning range from 3.05 GHz to 1.96 GHz is achieved by changing the capacitance of the loaded varactor from 0.5 pF to 5.0 pF. An experiment is carried out using a rectangular waveguide measurement setup and excellent agreement between the simulated and measured results is demonstrated.
Dynamic feedback linearizing force/position control of robot manipulator without velocity measurement

Summary form only given. The problem of position and force control of robot manipulator on a constraint surface without velocity measurements is considered. For the design of controller, the knowledge of velocity dependent nonlinear functions in the model is not needed. A dynamic feedback control law is derived for the force/position control. The control torque is the output of a linear dynamic system driven by the end effector position and contact force tracking errors. Using singular perturbation theory, it is shown that the closed-loop system is exponentially stable and that the controller accomplishes asymptotic decoupling control of the output. Simulation results are presented to show that in the closed-loop system position and force control is accomplished in spite of the uncertain dynamics of robot manipulators.
Computers in Human Behavior

studies have identified observable collaborative process metrics that can be captured passively. Building on this work, we propose a method of evaluating CI by representing it as a latent variable represented by the hidden state in a Hidden Markov Model. The observations used as input to the model are the team’s observable collaborative process behaviors (i.e., collective effort, use of task-related skills, and task-strategy efficiency). We show by learning the set of hidden states representing a team’s observed collaborative process behaviors over time, we both learn information about the team’s CI, predict how CI will evolve in the future, and suggest when an agent might intervene to improve team performance. Based on the model’s observations, we discuss how it can help agents diagnose teamwork and possibly make interventions to improve CI by identifying areas of collaborative process (collective effort, skill use, or task strategy) that could be improved.
On two direct methods for measurement of interfacial tension at microdroplet surfaces

In the presence of surfactants, the interfacial tension (IFT) of microscopic droplets differs significantly from IFT of macroscopic drops for the same surfactant solutions. As a result, IFT between two immiscible liquids can strongly depend on the experimental design. In the present work a simple theoretical description of two possible techniques for measurement of IFT at microdroplet surfaces is proposed: the spinning drop and the micropipette methods. We take into account that for microdroplets the IFT can be not the unique parameter determining the surface elastic energy. The previous interpretation of the experiments is generalized within the Helfrich's concept of interfacial elasticity. Simple equations are obtained that could be used to test the Helfrich's theory and in the direct determination, in addition to IFT, of such characteristics of the interface as the bending rigidity and spontaneous curvature.