Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Memory Modulates Journey-Dependent Coding in the Rat Hippocampus

Neurons in the rat hippocampus signal current location by firing in restricted areas called place fields. During goal-directed tasks in mazes, place fields can also encode past and future positions through journey-dependent activity, which could guide hippocampus-dependent behavior and underlie other temporally extended memories, such as autobiographical recollections. The relevance of journey-dependent activity for hippocampal-dependent memory, however, is not well understood. To further investigate the relationship between hippocampal journey-dependent activity and memory, we compared neural firing in rats performing two mnemonically distinct but behaviorally identical tasks in the plus maze: a hippocampus-dependent spatial navigation task and a hippocampus-independent cue response task. While place, prospective, and retrospective coding reflected temporally extended behavioral episodes in both tasks, memory strategy altered coding differently before and after the choice point. Before the choice point, when discriminative selection of memory strategy was critical, a switch between the tasks elicited a change in a field's coding category, so that a field that signaled current location in one task coded pending journeys in the other task. After the choice point, however, when memory strategy became irrelevant, the fields preserved coding categories across tasks, so that the same field consistently signaled either current location or the recent journeys. Additionally, on the start arm, firing rates were affected at comparable levels by task and journey; on the goal arm, firing rates predominantly encoded journey. The data demonstrate a direct link between journey-dependent coding and memory and suggest that episodes are encoded by both population and firing rate coding.
Covariance based BSS Algorithm for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data Source Separation

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is a measuring technique used for brain functionality. Observed fMRI data is generally a mixture of hidden sources and corresponding time courses. Different blind source separation (BSS) techniques are used for extracting these hidden sources and time courses. In this work a differential covariance based blind source separation technique is proposed which relies on the difference of covariance of observed data and covariance of sources and mixing matrix. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated on the synthetic fMRI data. Finally comparison of ontained results is done with joint Diagonalization (JD) and Algorithm for multiple unknown source extraction (AMUSE). Comparision results shows that the proposed algoritham is better in terms of time and quality of extracted sources and time courses.
The credibility-based swept wideband sensing in cognitive radio

Wideband spectrum sensing is urgently in need for cognitive communication with wide spectrum range. When the cognitive user need to communication and when the exact primary user is found return, how to catch a new spectrum hole as fast and accurate as possible is becoming an intractable issue for the wideband cognitive user. In this paper, we propose a wideband sensing scheme for a cognitive user based on spectrum pool. Through the dynamic renewal of the spectrum pool, the cognitive user could always employ a more reliable hole at any needed time. More importantly, a swept wideband sensing algorithm is proposed correspondingly. It's based on the credibility defined latterly, and we also proposed the performance metrics: the average renew speed of the pool and the out-of-date rate. From the computer simulation under the inter-arrival distribution of the power law, we can see that the proposed algorithm outperforms the orderly swept algorithm, the random swept algorithm and the method proposed in literature [10] in speed and quality.
Trojan Detection Based on Network Flow Clustering

Trojan is a threat to network security which poses a serious threat to national security. Through research on Trojan communication process, this paper proposes a data stream clustering method based on packet timestamp. This method uses cluster to compress Trojan communication data stream information, extracts cluster characteristics and then detects Trojans according to the cluster characteristics and correlation between the clusters. The experimental results showed that this method achieved good detection results.
Tourism in Hoi An, Vietnam: impacts, perceived benefits, community attachment and support for tourism development

Abstract Tourism has impacts and these impacts affect people. This study aimed to identify how residents in Hoi An, Vietnam (a world heritage site), perceive the impacts and benefits obtained from tourism and the relationship between community attachment and support for tourism. The study employed a survey of local residents in Hoi An. The results indicate that residents largely see the impacts of tourism as positive economically and socioculturally but not environmentally. Also residents who have a stronger attachment to their community had a positive inclination towards tourism and its development. Having a better understanding of residents’ perceptions about tourism impacts, benefits, community attachment and support for tourism could assist tourism planners not only in Hoi An but also in other heritage sites. Positive economic and sociocultural impact should be emphasized to local residents. It is found that greater attention should be given to negative sociocultural and environmental impacts in order to improve the quality of tourism in a sustainable way.
Flight Behavior of Methyl-Parathion-Resistant and -Susceptible Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Populations from Nebraska

Abstract Relative flight behavior of methyl-parathion-resistant and -susceptible western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte populations, was studied as part of a larger effort to characterize the potential impact of insecticide resistance on adult life history traits and to understand the evolution and spread of resistance. A computer interfaced actograph was used to compare flight of resistant and susceptible individuals, and flight of resistant individuals with and without prior exposure to methyl-parathion. In each case, mean trivial and sustained flight durations were compared among treatments. In general, there were few differences in trivial or sustained flight characteristics as affected by beetle population, insecticide exposure, sex, or age and there were few significant interactions among variables. Tethered flight activity was highly variable and distributions of flight duration were skewed toward flights of short duration. Tethered flight activity was similar among resistant and susceptible beetles with the exception that susceptible beetles initiated more flights per beetle than resistant beetles. After sublethal exposure to methyl-parathion, total flight time, total trivial flight time, and mean number of flights per resistant beetle declined significantly. Because long-range flight was uncommon, short- to medium-duration flights may play an important role in determining gene flow and population spread of resistant D. v. virgifera. These results suggest that organophosphate-resistant beetles can readily move and colonize new areas, but localized selection pressure (e.g., management practices) and exposure to methyl-parathion may contribute to the small-scale differences in resistance intensity often seen in the field.
Iwssip 2010 -17th International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processing Doble Back-projection License Plate Recognition Framework

— In this paper, a novel algorithm for a car license recognition system is presented. We employ a double back-projection super-resolution image enhancement technique. Modification of initial guess estimation idea has resulted in accuracy improvement and convergence speed up. Bilateral back-projection filtering scheme which has been employed as an advanced preprocessor can achieve edge-preserving image smoothing by incorporating the additional information from the feature domain. After computing such processed input video sequence with respect to affine motion model Irani and Peleg's back-projection algorithm may be applied. Moreover, we consider single mobile camera image acquisition case. Our solution is fully unsupervised and gives excellent optical recognition results.
The Function of the Clock-Associated Transcriptional Regulator CCA1 (CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED 1) in Arabidopsis thaliana

In the model higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the CCA1 (CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED 1) gene plays important circadian clock-associated roles. The CCA1 protein is a member of a small subfamily of single MYB-related transcription factors. This family consists of several homologous CCA1-like transcription factors, including the closest homolog LHY (LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL). To gain insight into the molecular function of CCA1 and its homologs, here we took a unique genetic approach that was recently developed for Arabidopsis thaliana. Through this strategy, referred to as CRES-T (Chimeric REpressor Silencing Technology), a transgenic plant was constructed to produce a dominant negative transcriptional repressor (designated CCA1-SRDX). By employing the resulting transgenic lines, together with previously established cca1 lhy double mutant and CCA1-ox (over-expressing) plants, their circadian clock-associated phenotypes were examined and compared with each other. The observed clock-associated phenotypes of the CCA1-SRDX plants were very similar to those of CCA1-ox, but not to those of cca1 lhy, suggesting that CCA1 acts predominantly as a transcriptional repressor in nature. However, the developmental morphology (or architecture) of adult CCA1-SRDX plants were quite different from that of CCA1-ox, suggesting that CCA1 might also be implicated, directly or indirectly, in an as yet unknown circadian-associated output pathway at a late developmental stage.
The Loss and Recovery of the Sodium Pump in Perfused Giant Axons

The experiments we are going to report are concerned with the following questions" (a) Does the cell membrane actively transport sodium when it is supplied with ATP as the only substrate? (b) Is it possible to correlate active transport with (Na qK)activated ATPase-catalyzed reaction taking place in vitro in fragments of squid axon membranes? We have approached these questions by studying sodium movements in the giant axons of the squid, in which by means of intracellular perfusion it is possible extensively to remove axoplasmic components and to replace them by solutions of known composition. The following experiments demonstrate that intracellular perfnsion causes the loss of the capacity of the axon to transport sodium against its electrochemical gradient with whatever anion is used to mimic axoplasm composition. The active efflux of sodium recovers on addition of ATP-Mg only when aspartate is present in the perfusing solution. This anion, which is one of the main free amino acids of invertebrate nerves, maintains the bioelectric properties of the fibers and an ATP-activated ouabain-sensitive Na outflux. However, there was no demonstrable correlation between the effect of ATP on sodium efflux and the hydrolytic breakdown of ATP in vivo or in vitro by axon membrane fragments. The implications for a chemical mechanism of active transport operating in vivo and the stoichiometry of the conversion of phosphate bond energy into osmotic work are discussed.
Enhancing open collaborative applications using document-oriented databases

In recent years, the increasing success of collaborative web applications has resulted in a lot of investigation. Collaboration monitoring is an important pillar in collaborative environments. Using relational database management systems (RDBMS) in such environments imposes a number of strains on these applications. In this paper, we address these problems and show how document-oriented databases can be used to solve or at least miti-gate issues related to the relational model and how NoSQL solutions can streamline the development and maintenance of collaborative web applications.
A Memory-Based Model for Music Analysis: Challenging the Gestalt Principles

We argue for a memory-based approach to music analysis which works with concrete musical experiences rather than with abstract rules or principles. New pieces of music are analyzed by combining fragments from structures of previously encountered pieces. The occurrence-frequencies of the fragments are used to determine the preferred analysis of a piece. We test some instances of this approach against a set of 1,000 manually annotated folksongs from the Essen Folksong Collection, yielding up to 85.9% phrase accuracy. A qualitative analysis of our results indicates that there are grouping phenomena that challenge the commonly accepted Gestalt principles of proximity, similarity and parallelism. These grouping phenomena can neither be explained by other musical factors, such as meter and harmony. We argue that music perception may be much more memory-based than previously assumed.
Non Mycobacterial Virulence Genes in the Genome of the Emerging Pathogen Mycobacterium abscessus

Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging rapidly growing mycobacterium (RGM) causing a pseudotuberculous lung disease to which patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are particularly susceptible. We report here its complete genome sequence. The genome of M. abscessus (CIP 104536T) consists of a 5,067,172-bp circular chromosome including 4920 predicted coding sequences (CDS), an 81-kb full-length prophage and 5 IS elements, and a 23-kb mercury resistance plasmid almost identical to pMM23 from Mycobacterium marinum. The chromosome encodes many virulence proteins and virulence protein families absent or present in only small numbers in the model RGM species Mycobacterium smegmatis. Many of these proteins are encoded by genes belonging to a “mycobacterial” gene pool (e.g. PE and PPE proteins, MCE and YrbE proteins, lipoprotein LpqH precursors). However, many others (e.g. phospholipase C, MgtC, MsrA, ABC Fe(3+) transporter) appear to have been horizontally acquired from distantly related environmental bacteria with a high G+C content, mostly actinobacteria (e.g. Rhodococcus sp., Streptomyces sp.) and pseudomonads. We also identified several metabolic regions acquired from actinobacteria and pseudomonads (relating to phenazine biosynthesis, homogentisate catabolism, phenylacetic acid degradation, DNA degradation) not present in the M. smegmatis genome. Many of the “non mycobacterial” factors detected in M. abscessus are also present in two of the pathogens most frequently isolated from CF patients, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia. This study elucidates the genetic basis of the unique pathogenicity of M. abscessus among RGM, and raises the question of similar mechanisms of pathogenicity shared by unrelated organisms in CF patients.
Evaluating and measuring knowledge management's impact on supply chain performance using HOQ

Supply Chain Performance (SCP) depends on several factors additionally its length and the yield of its members. However, manage a Supply Chain (SC) means well managing knowledge as sharing them between actors involved in this process. Knowledge Management (KM) has, of appearance, a direct impact on SCP, but its formalization remains always ambiguous. In this context, this paper aims to determining the KM impact on the SCP through highlighting the relation between KM Elements (KME) and SCP Evaluation Criteria (SCPEC). Our approach consists, in the beginning, to position the knowledge concept in the SC through a conceptual model that identifies the KM impact on SCP based on mutual relations. Afterward, we adopt the House Of Quality (HOQ) to evaluate and measure the impact of each KME on whole SCPEC, similarly, the impact of whole KME on each SCPEC. An implementation example is proposed in the end.
Antibiotic-Producing Bacteria as a Possible Defence of Birds against Pathogenic Microorganisms

Theory strongly suggests that beneficial symbiotic bacteria could be common within birds. Our argument is based on the existence of within-host competition for resources between bacteria (i.e. bacterial interference), and on the differential effect that host fitness (i.e., reproductive success and probability of survival) has on fitness of different bacte- ria. If reproductive success of hosts is positively related to that of a first bacterium, and negatively related to that of a sec- ond bacterium, it would be of selective advantage for the former to develop chemicals that prevent host infection by the later pathogenic bacterium. Furthermore, we exemplify the possibility that hosts use antibiotic producing bacteria to pre- vent infections in different body parts (i.e., replacement therapy) or environment (i.e. nest sanitation). We review the up to now few available results suggesting associations of birds with antibiotic producing bacteria that result in fitness advan- tages to hosts. Evidence for such beneficial associations, however, has been very scarce so far, and an important research effort testing predictions of that relationship in different contexts is needed for a generalization of the hypothesis.
Trekking poles reduce downhill walking-induced muscle and cartilage damage in obese women

[Purpose] This study investigated the effect of the use of trekking poles on muscle and cartilage damage and fatigue during downhill walking in obese women. [Subjects and Methods] Subjects included eight obese women who had a body fat percentage greater than 30. Subjects performed downhill walking without a trekking pole (NP) and with a trekking pole (TP) at 50% heart rate reserve for 30 minutes on a treadmill. The treadmill was set at a 15% downhill declination. Blood samples were collected to examine muscle damage (serum creatine kinase [CK] and lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] levels), cartilage damage (serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein [COMP] levels), and fatigue (plasma lactate levels) at the pre-walking baseline (PWB), immediately after walking (IAW), and 2 hours post-walking (2HPW). [Results] The CK, LDH, COMP, and lactate levels were significantly increased IAW when compared with those at the PWB in both trials. In addition, in the NP trial, the CK, LDH, and COMP levels were significantly increased at 2HPW when compared with those at the PWB. [Conclusion] Downhill walking can cause muscle and cartilage damage, and our results suggest that the use of a trekking pole can reduce temporary muscle and cartilage damage after downhill walking.
Annotating and Querying a Treebank of Suboptimal Structures

Existing treebanks of written language, as e.g., TIGER [2], TuBa-D/Z [11], Penn Treebank [1] etc., usually consist of sentences that can be considered as grammatically well-formed. The SINBAD treebank we present here covers a completely new domain, namely suboptimal syntactic structures, i.e., sentences which are neither fully grammatical nor completely ungrammatical, but merely suboptimal.1 The treebank consists of a collection of German sentences that are rated suboptimal or ungrammatical in the literature, as well as of sentences drawn from our own experimental work on graded grammaticality judgments. In the literature, these structures are usually compared with grammatical structures which express the same meaning, and for ease of comparison these were sometimes included in the treebank as well. With this data collection we provide access to negative evidence which does not occur in ordinary corpora of written or spoken language. It is characteristic for suboptimal structures that these data are judged incoherently varying between different speakers and in different contexts. It is therefore important to provide a systematic collection of these judgments in order to allow researchers better access to past judgements on the phenomena they are interested in and thus contribute towards greater consistency, even in tricky cases. Since most work in syntactic theory is based on suboptimal or ungrammatical structures, the treebank aims at providing linguists with a data basis for their research. This requires a rich syntactic annotation with linguistically relevant concepts. The linguistic framework of the annotation is that of generative grammar in the sense that the trees are strictly binary branching and contain traces and empty categories. The
Noncommutative tachyons and K-theory

We show that the relation between D-branes and noncommutative tachyons leads very naturally to the relation between D-branes and K-theory. We also discuss some relations between D-branes and K-homology, provide a noncommutative generalization of the ABS construction, and give a simple physical interpretation of Bott periodicity. In addition, a framework for constructing Neveu–Schwarz fivebranes as noncommutative solitons is proposed.
An open-source VAA3D plugin for real-time 3D visualization of terabyte-sized volumetric images

Modern high-throughput bioimaging techniques pose the unprecedented challenge of exploring and analyzing the produced Terabyte-scale volumetric images directly in their 3D space. Without expensive virtual reality devices and/or parallel computing infrastructures, this becomes even more demanding and calls for new, more scalable tools that help exploring these very large 3D data also on common laptops and graphic hardware. To this end, we developed a plugin for the open-source, cross-platform Vaa3D system to extend its powerful 3D visualization and analysis capabilities to images of potentially unlimited size. When used with large volumetric images up to 2.5 Terabyte in size, Vaa3D-TeraFly exhibited real-time (subsecond) performance that scaled constantly on image size. The tool has been implemented in C++ with Qt and OpenGL and it is freely and publicly available both as open-source and as binary package along with the main Vaa3D distribution.
Genome Sequence of Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain FRD1

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen. Strain FRD1 is a mucoid isolate from the sputum of a cystic fibrosis patient. It has been widely studied and has many different phenotypes compared to nonmucoid strains. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of P. aeruginosa strain FRD1 to gain insight into mucoid isolates.
Planning and Acting in Incomplete Domains

Engineering complete planning domain descriptions is often very costly because of human error or lack of domain knowl- edge. Learning complete domain descriptions is also very challenging because many features are irrelevant to achieving the goals and data may be scarce. We present a planner and agent that respectively plan and act in incomplete domains by i) synthesizing plans to avoid execution failure due to ignorance of the domain model, and ii) passively learning about the domain model during execution to improve later re-planning attempts. Our planner DeFault is the first to reason about a domain’s incompleteness to avoid potential plan failure. DeFault computes failure explanations for each action and state in the plan and counts the number of interpretations of the incomplete domain where failure will occur. We show that DeFault performs best by counting prime implicants (failure diagnoses) rather than propositional models. Our agent Goalie learns about the preconditions and effects of incompletely-specified actions while monitoring its state and, in conjunction with DeFault plan failure explanations, can diagnose past and future action failures. We show that by reasoning about incompleteness (as opposed to ignoring it) Goalie fails and re-plans less and executes fewer actions.