Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endothelial atypical cannabinoid receptor: do we have enough evidence?

Cannabinoids and their synthetic analogues affect a broad range of physiological functions, including cardiovascular variables. Although direct evidence is still missing, the relaxation of a vast range of vascular beds induced by cannabinoids is believed to involve a still unidentified non‐CB1, non‐CB2 Gi/o protein‐coupled receptor located on endothelial cells, the so called endothelial cannabinoid receptor (eCB receptor). Evidence for the presence of an eCB receptor comes mainly from vascular relaxation studies, which commonly employ pertussis toxin as an indicator for GPCR‐mediated signalling. In addition, a pharmacological approach is widely used to attribute the relaxation to eCB receptors. Recent findings have indicated a number of GPCR‐independent targets for both agonists and antagonists of the presumed eCB receptor, warranting further investigations and cautious interpretation of the vascular relaxation studies. This review will provide a brief historical overview on the proposed novel eCB receptor, drawing attention to the discrepancies between the studies on the pharmacological profile of the eCB receptor and highlighting the Gi/o protein‐independent actions of the eCB receptor inhibitors widely used as selective compounds. As the eCB receptor represents an attractive pharmacological target for a number of cardiovascular abnormalities, defining its molecular identity and the extent of its regulation of vascular function will have important implications for drug discovery. This review highlights the need to re‐evaluate this subject in a thoughtful and rigorous fashion. More studies are needed to differentiate Gi/o protein‐dependent endothelial cannabinoid signalling from that involving the classical CB1 and CB2 receptors as well as its relevance for pathophysiological conditions.
Large non-aliasing diversity arrays

The two-wave spatial squared correlation function is useful for designing large sparse diversity arrays that are alias-free and have both low average and low peak correlations. The largest 12 element example found to satisfy requirements with no grating lobes is a non-uniform Y array of diameter 18λ. Additional cases can be designed and analyzed using the correlation technique presented above.
Sleeping Beauty transposition: from biology to applications

Abstract Sleeping Beauty (SB) is the first synthetic DNA transposon that was shown to be active in a wide variety of species. Here, we review studies from the last two decades addressing both basic biology and applications of this transposon. We discuss how host–transposon interaction modulates transposition at different steps of the transposition reaction. We also discuss how the transposon was translated for gene delivery and gene discovery purposes. We critically review the system in clinical, pre-clinical and non-clinical settings as a non-viral gene delivery tool in comparison with viral technologies. We also discuss emerging SB-based hybrid vectors aimed at combining the attractive safety features of the transposon with effective viral delivery. The success of the SB-based technology can be fundamentally attributed to being able to insert fairly randomly into genomic regions that allow stable long-term expression of the delivered transgene cassette. SB has emerged as an efficient and economical toolkit for safe and efficient gene delivery for medical applications.
Content and Process Specificity in the Effects of Prior Experiences

Contents: E.R. Smith, Content and Process Specificity in the Effects of Prior Experiences. L.W. Barsalou, On the Indistinguishability of Exemplar Memory and Abstraction in Category Representation. J.N. Bassili, Cognitive Signatures and Their Forgery. D.L. Hamilton, D.M. Mackie, Specificity and Generality in the Nature and Use of Stereotypes. L.J. Jacoby, M.J. Marriott, J.G. Collins, The Specifics of Memory and Cognition. C.M. Judd, Specific Encoding Yet Abstract Retrieval of Social Categories. S.B. Klein, J. Loftus, The Role of Abstract and Exemplar-Based Knowledge in Self-Judgments: Implications for a Cognitive Model of the Self. G.D. Logan, Social Cognition Gets Specific. T.M. Ostrom, The Maturing of Social Cognition. T.K. Srull, R.S. Wyer, Jr., Content and Process Specificity: Where Do We Go from Here? E.R. Smith, Reply to Commentaries.
Adolescent Decision Making and Risk Behavior: A Neurobiological Approach

In this study, the neurobiological theory of adolescent decision making and risk taking and the dual-process decision making theory were tested in a sample of college students. Participants responded to questions in a survey about decision making style, socio-emotional processes, cognitive control processes, and deviant peers. The goals of the research were to test the relation between decision making processes (intuitive and deliberative) and risk behaviors, to test the potential overlap between intuitive and deliberative decision making as described in the more traditional dual-process models and the socio-emotional and cognitive control systems of the neurobiological model, and to extend the neurobiological model by examining the role of individual and social contextual factors in risk behavior. This research is intended to strengthen, expand, and improve our existing knowledge of youth decision making and risk behavior. Results showed that cognitive control processes and deliberative decision making were related to each other whereas socio-emotional processes and intuitive decision making were not. Deliberative decision making was related to risk behaviors whereas intuitive decision making was not. Finally, self-regulation and deviant peers moderated the relations between some of the socio-emotional or cognitive control constructs and risk behavior. Results are discussed in terms of their theoretical and practical implications as well as future directions for research. iii Acknowledgments
Stacked nanowires/nanosheets GAA MOSFET from technology to design enablement

GAA nanowires (NW) transistors are promising candidates for sub 10 nm technology nodes. They offer optimal electrostatic control, thereby enabling ultimate CMOS device scaling. Horizontally stacked they are a natural extension of today's mainstream technology. Considering enlarged NWs in Nanosheets (NS) allows to target the best compromise in power and performance for future applications. In this paper we will first briefly introduce the technology and then review what can bring advanced simulation focusing on both mobility and contact resistance. Then we will focus on devoted compact modeling fed by both TCAD capturing electrostatics of the Device and above mentioned advanced simulation for mobility. Finally we will demonstrate the capability of the model to capture actual hardware data as well as to benchmark the different architectures in competition down to 5 nm technology node.
When Am I Going to Learn to Be a Mathematics Teacher? A Case Study of a Novice New York City Teaching Fellow

In this article, the authors present a case study of a Mathematics Teaching Fellow of the New York City Teaching Fellows program. The presentation focuses on the Teaching Fellow’s family and educational background, her beliefs as a novice teacher, preparation to teach mathematics, and first-year experiences teaching middle school mathematics in a “high-needs” school in New York City. The authors contend that although the Teaching Fellow articulated reform-oriented instructional beliefs, she was unable to enact them in the classroom. This lack was due, in part, to the inadequacies in the induction support system that was promised to her. The authors situate the case study using results from a larger study of novice Mathematics Teaching Fellows and analyze the case study from a perspective that supports reform-oriented approaches to mathematics teaching.
Ethics, issues and consequences: conceptual challenges in science education

The goal of this study was to examine how ethical judgement and decision-making is learnt, taught, and understood across undergraduate science courses at The Australian National University (ANU). 'Behaving ethically' as a generic graduate attribute usually is interpreted as professional ethics relating to behaviour in a professional setting. The idea that science can and should have guiding principles which are understood (or understandable) and acceptable to the majority in society is not a new one. This study investigates the range of courses specifically related to ethical thinking and behaviour available to science undergraduates at ANU. Data relating to the uptake of these courses and feedback by science students are presented. A pilot survey of science lecturers at ANU explored their understandings of how they incorporate ethics into their teaching. Conceptual challenges emerged for both students and staff.
Addressing Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Bullying: A Mindfulness-based Intervention Manual

The following dissertation offers an intervention to combat the negative effects that bullying has on lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) youth in high school. The literature review demonstrates the need for such an intervention through examples of the damaging effects that such bullying has on LGB youth. These incidents of bullying are far too common in American schools, and the effects far reaching, as the media has been saturated with stories of “gay teen suicides” in recent years. While affirmative interventions are currently the status quo for work with LGB populations, it can be argued that these are limited. In addition, current strategies for reducing bullying in schools are preventative in nature and neglect support for the victims. Instead, it can be argued that an integration of mindfulness, cognitive, and affirmative therapies as well as peer support to be implemented in a school group with bullying victims is a more effective antidote to the problem of victimization caused by in-school LGB bullying. A treatment manual along these lines is offered as the results of the dissertation, along with research questions and their relative hypotheses, and a potential methodology for developing the manual and measuring its effectiveness. Finally, a discussion of limitations, possibilities, and implications for future practice and research is included.
Capturing dynamic program behaviour with UML collaboration diagrams

The UML provides means to specify both static and dynamic aspects of object oriented software systems and can be used to assist in all phases of a software development process. With growing support by CASE tools, its applications become more and more widespread. In addition to the automatic generation of class code from diagrams, the recovery of static structure from source code has become common too. However, we focus on the extraction of behavioural information from program code. We introduce a restricted meta model for Java code and present a novel approach to extract the required data, which will then be rendered as UML collaboration diagrams.
A Prototype for Service-Based Costing

Service systems consider the co-creation of values in a process between provider and consumer with a win-win situation for both. Service-Dominant Logic demands a new view on economic activities where competences of provider and consumer are the most important resource for value creation. Given these assumptions, we investigate whether costs in a service system shall be accounted in a different way to reflect the change in view. If service provision is seen as a process, activity-based cost models seem to be appropriate. We argue that an extension is necessary, because a service is co-created by resources of service provider and consumer. Furthermore, activities performed by the consumer are not under control and therefore additional uncertainty has to be considered. Our research question is whether we are able to compute service costs with a higher degree of accuracy than with traditional cost models.
TAO WU An Extensible Framework for Developing Visualization Software for Gene Expression Data (Under the Direction of EILEEN KRAEMER) A design architecture of a software system that analyzes and visualizes gene

A design architecture of a software system that analyzes and visualizes gene expression profiles is proposed. Implementation of core elements in the system is provided and a functional system prototype is developed. This system is capable of visualizing data through a scrollable user interface (UI) that only uses a small amount of memory. Current system includes implementation for viewing data as a rooted tree or colored heat maps and includes support for clustering, filtering and printing. iv DEDICATION To my parents, who have given me their love and support for all these years. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks to all my committee members for their support and guidance for my project.
Alignment infrastructure for ontology mediation and other applications

Web services are not the only application requiring ontology matching and mediation. Agent communication, peer-to-peer systems, etc. also need to find relationships between ontologies. However, they do not necessarily require the same kind of mediation as web services. In order to maximise the utility of the semantic web infrastructure, it seems reasonable to share the mediation services among these applications. To that extent we propose an infrastructure based on the reified notion of alignments and show how it can be used in these various cases.
The macrolide antibiotic renaissance

Macrolides represent a large family of protein synthesis inhibitors of great clinical interest due to their applicability to human medicine. Macrolides are composed of a macrocyclic lactone of different ring sizes, to which one or more deoxy‐sugar or amino sugar residues are attached. Macrolides act as antibiotics by binding to bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit and interfering with protein synthesis. The high affinity of macrolides for bacterial ribosomes, together with the highly conserved structure of ribosomes across virtually all of the bacterial species, is consistent with their broad‐spectrum activity. Since the discovery of the progenitor macrolide, erythromycin, in 1950, many derivatives have been synthesised, leading to compounds with better bioavailability and acid stability and improved pharmacokinetics. These efforts led to the second generation of macrolides, including well‐known members such as azithromycin and clarithromycin. Subsequently, in order to address increasing antibiotic resistance, a third generation of macrolides displaying improved activity against many macrolide resistant strains was developed. However, these improvements were accompanied with serious side effects, leading to disappointment and causing many researchers to stop working on macrolide derivatives, assuming that this procedure had reached the end. In contrast, a recent published breakthrough introduced a new chemical platform for synthesis and discovery of a wide range of diverse macrolide antibiotics. This chemical synthesis revolution, in combination with reduction in the side effects, namely, ‘Ketek effects’, has led to a macrolide renaissance, increasing the hope for novel and safe therapeutic agents to combat serious human infectious diseases.
Molecular Testing Guideline for Selection of Lung Cancer Patients for EGFR and ALK Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Guideline from the College of American Pathologists, International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, and Association for Molecular Pathology

Objective: To establish evidence-based recommendations for the molecular analysis of lung cancers that are that are required to guide EGFR- and ALK-directed therapies, addressing which patients and samples should be tested, and when and how testing should be performed. Participants: Three cochairs without conflicts of interest were selected, one from each of the 3 sponsoring professional societies: College of American Pathologists, International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, and Association for Molecular Pathology. Writing and advisory panels were constituted from additional experts from these societies. Evidence: Three unbiased literature searches of electronic databases were performed to capture articles published published from January 2004 through February 2012, yielding 1533 articles whose abstracts were screened to identify 521 pertinent articles that were then reviewed in detail for their relevance to the recommendations. Evidence was formally graded for each recommendation. Consensus Process: Initial recommendations were formulated by the cochairs and panel members at a public meeting. Each guideline section was assigned to at least 2 panelists. Drafts were circulated to the writing panel (version 1), advisory panel (version 2), and the public (version 3) before submission (version 4). Conclusions: The 37 guideline items address 14 subjects, including 15 recommendations (evidence grade A/B). The major recommendations are to use testing for EGFR mutations and ALK fusions to guide patient selection for therapy with an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor, respectively, in all patients with advanced-stage adenocarcinoma, regardless of sex, race, smoking history, or other clinical risk factors, and to prioritize EGFR and ALK testing over other molecular predictive tests. As scientific discoveries and clinical practice outpace the completion of randomized clinical trials, evidence-based guidelines developed by expert practitioners are vital for communicating emerging clinical standards. Already, new treatments targeting genetic alterations in other, less common driver oncogenes are being evaluated in lung cancer, and testing for these may be addressed in future versions of these guidelines.
Criminology: Explaining Crime and Its Context

Preface Part I: Foundations for Criminology 1 Crime and Criminology 2 The Relativity of Law and Crime 3 Production of Crime Statistics 4 Distribution of Crime Part II: Theories of Crime 5 Deterrence and Rational Choice Theories of Crime 6 Individual Theories of Crime: A Biosocial Perspective 7 Social Structure Theories of Crime 8 Social Process Theories of Crime 9 Social Reaction Theories of Crime 10 New Directions: Integration and a Life-Course Perspective Part III: Types of Crime 11 Violent Crime 12 Economic Crime 13 Crimes without Victims and Victims without Crimes Author Index Subject Index
Advances in exercise adherence.

Part 1 Exercise adherence and public health: chronic disease - the dose response controversy, Steve Blair et al exercise and mental health in clinical and free-living populations, Egil Martinsen and Tom Stephens international physical activity patterns - a methodological perspective, Carl Caspersen, Tom Stephens and Rob Merritt. Part 2 Theory and determinants of physical activity: social-cognitive models, Gaston Godin schema theory - an information processing focus, Deborah Kenzierski the transtheoretical model - applications to exercise, James Prochaska and Bess Marcus. Part 3 Interventions for adoption and maintenance: clinical and community interventions to promote and support physical activity participation, Abby King health care provider counselling to promote physical activity, Nola Pender et al technological supports for sustaining exercise, Guy Dirkin social marketing and population interventions, Rob Donovan and Neville Owen. Part 4 Special applications: the natural history of physical activity - a social cognitive model, Wendell Taylor et al determinants of exercise in persons aged 65 years and older, Roy Shephard physical activity and diet in weight loss, Denise Wilfly and Kelly Brownell.
Treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins: multicenter retrospective analysis of 48 consecutive cases.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), parameters that may affect response to treatment, and the effect of different IVIG batches on Fas-mediated cell death. DESIGN Multicenter retrospective analysis of 48 consecutive TEN patients treated with IVIG. SETTING Fourteen university hospital dermatology centers in Europe and the United States. PATIENTS Forty-eight patients with TEN (skin detachment >10% of their body surface [mean, 44.8%; range, 10%-95%]). INTERVENTIONS Infusion of IVIG in all patients (range, 0.8-5.8 g/kg), and analysis of the ability of different IVIG batches to inhibit Fas-mediated cell death. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Objective response to IVIG treatment, final outcome at day 45, parameters that may affect response to IVIG treatment, and tolerance. RESULTS Infusion of IVIG (mean total dose, 2.7 g/kg [range, 0.65-5.8 g/kg]; mean consecutive days, 4 [range, 1-5 days]) was associated with a rapid cessation (mean, 2.3 days [range, 1-6 days]) of skin and mucosal detachment in 43 patients (90%) and survival in 42 (88%). Patients who responded to IVIG had received treatment earlier in the course of disease and, on average, higher doses of IVIG. Furthermore, analysis of 35 IVIG batches revealed significant batch-to-batch variations in the capacity of IVIG to inhibit Fas-mediated cell death in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Early infusion of high-dose IVIG is safe, well tolerated, and likely to be effective in improving the survival of patients with TEN. We recommend early treatment with IVIG at a total dose of 3 g/kg over 3 consecutive days (1 g/kg per day for 3 days).
Screening and Initial Binding Assessment of Fumonisin B1 Aptamers

Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides and F. proliferatum, fungi that are ubiquitous in corn (maize). Insect damage and some other environmental conditions result in the accumulation of fumonisins in corn-based products worldwide. Current methods of fumonisin detection rely on the use of immunoaffinity columns and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The use of aptamers offers a good alternative to the use of antibodies in fumonisin cleanup and detection due to lower costs and improved stability. Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides that are selected using Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX) for their ability to bind to targets with high affinity and specificity. Sequences obtained after 18 rounds of SELEX were screened for their ability to bind to fumonisin B1. Six unique sequences were obtained, each showing improved binding to fumonisin B1 compared to controls. Sequence FB1 39 binds to fumonisin with a dissociation constant of 100 ± 30 nM and shows potential for use in fumonisin biosensors and solid phase extraction columns.
Th17/IL-17A Might Play a Protective Role in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Immunity

Th17 cells, a recently discovered subset of T helper cells that secrete IL-17A, can affect the inflammation process autoimmune and cancer diseases development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of Th17 cells and IL17A in biology of CLL. The study group included 294 untreated CLL patients in different clinical stages. Here, we show that higher Th17 and IL-17A values were associated with less advanced clinical stage of CLL. Th17 cells’ percentages in PB were lower in patients who died due to CLL during follow-up due to CLL (as compared to surviving patients) and in patients responding to first-line therapy with fludarabine-based regimens (as compared to non-responders). IL-17A inversely correlated with the time from CLL diagnosis to the start of therapy and was lower in patients who required treatment during follow-up. Th-17 and IL-17A values were lower in patients with adverse prognostic factors (17p and 11q deletion, CD38 and ZAP-70 expression). CLL patients with detectable IL-17A mRNA in T cells were in Rai Stage 0 and negative for both ZAP-70 and CD38 expression. Th17 percentages positively correlated with iNKT and adversely with Treg cells. The results of this study suggest that Th17 may play a beneficial role in CLL immunity.