Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Chaos Region of the Modified Nagumo-Sato Model

In this letter let us first show a fractal structure of the chaos region, with positive Lyapunov exponents, appearing in the two-dimensional parameter space spanned by the temperature parameter and the effective stimulus. From the dynamical results for the modified Nagumo-Sato model of a neural element, it is found that such a chaos region showing chaos behaviour has a global self-similar structure in it. The fractal dimensions evaluated from the capacity and the entropy are found to increase with the increase in the decay parameter of the refractory memory.
Size effect on electronic sputtering of LiF thin films

Electronic sputtering in polycrystalline LiF thin film by 120MeV Ag25+ is investigated. The sputter yields of Li and F for the different thicknesses (10–265nm) of films are measured with online elastic recoil detection analysis technique. A reduction in sputter yield, from ∼2.3×106 to 2.2×104 atoms/ion, is observed with increase in the film thickness. The trend in the experimental results can be explained in terms of size effect in thin film following inelastic thermal spike model. The confinement of energy in the film having smaller grains and lower thickness results in higher temperature causing higher sputtering yield.
Two-Parameter Approximations For Multi-Echelon Repairable Inventory Models With Batch Ordering Policy

Abstract In this paper we present a model for multi-echelon repairable systems with batch ordering policy at the bases. Such an ordering policy is desirable when demand rates and/or the set up cost for ordering are relatively high. Operating characteristics of such a system are analyzed. A two-parameter approximation scheme for the distribution of the number of orders outstanding and consequently backorders is developed, and its performance evaluated. It is found that, under a variety of scenarios including both finite and infinite servers at the repair facility, the approximation scheme is very effective in providing a relatively simple means to determine the stocking levels at both the depot and the bases to minimize the cost of inventory holding and backorders. For the special case when the batch size is one, we confirm the effectiveness of the use of the negative binomial distribution as an approximation for the distribution of orders outstanding, as suggested by recent studies, under a much more gene.
Synthesis and evaluation of small organic molecule as reactivator of organophosphorus inhibited acetylcholinesterase

Abstract A series of uncharged salicylaldehyde oximes were synthesized and evaluated for the reactivation of organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents simulants Diethylchlorophosphonate (DCP) & Diethylcyanophosphonate (DCNP) and pesticides (paraoxon & malaoxon) inhibited electric eel Acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The computational software Swiss ADME and molinspiration were used to unfold the probability of drug-likeness properties of the oximes derivatives. Substituted aromatic oximes with diethylamino or bromo group with free hydroxyl group ortho to oxime moiety were found efficient to regenerate the enzymatic activity in in-vitro AChE assay. The alkylation of the ortho hydroxyl group of derivatives led to the loss of reactivation potential. The derivatives with a hydroxyl group and without oxime group and vice versa did not show significant reactivation potency against tested OP toxicants. Further, we also evaluated the reactivation potential of these selected molecules on the rat brain homogenate against different OPs inhibited ChE and found maximum reactivation potency of oxime 2e. The in-vitro results were further validated by molecular docking and dynamic studies which showed that the hydroxyl group interacted with serine amino acids in the catalytic anionic site of AChE enzyme and was stable up to 200 ns consequently providing proper orientation to oxime moiety for reactivating the OP inhibited enzyme. It has thus been proved by the structure-activity relationship of oximes derivatives that hydroxyl group ortho to oxime is essential for reactivating OP inhibited electric eel AChE. Amongst the twenty-one oximes derivatives, 2e was found to be most active in regenerating the paraoxon, malaoxon, DCP and DCNP inhibited AChE enzyme. Graphical Abstract
Breast cancer-related mortality in Central and Eastern Europe: years of life lost and productivity costs

Abstract Background Breast cancer (BC) poses a public health challenge as the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women globally. While BC mortality has declined across Europe in the past three decades, an opposite trend has been reported in some transitional European countries. This analysis estimates the mortality burden and the cost of lost productivity due to BC deaths in nine Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Slovenia, that have defied the favorable cancer mortality trends. These estimates may provide relevant evidence to aid decision-makers in the prioritization of BC-targeted policies. Methods The human capital approach (HCA) was used to estimate years of life lost (YLL) and productivity losses due to premature death from BC (ICD-10 code: C50 Malignant neoplasm of breast). YLL and present value of future lost productivity (PVFLP) were calculated using age and gender-specific mortality, wages, and employment rates. Data were sourced from the World Health Organization (WHO), Eurostat, and the World Bank. Results In 2019, there were 19,726 BC deaths in the nine CEE countries. This study estimated BC deaths resulted in 267,184 YLL. Annual PVFLP was estimated to be €85 M in Poland, €46 M in Romania, €39 M in Hungary, €21 M in Slovakia, €18 M in Serbia, €16 M in Czech Republic, €15 M in Bulgaria, €13 M in Croatia, and €7 M in Slovenia. Conclusion Premature death from BC leads to substantial YLL and productivity losses. Lost productivity costs due to premature BC-related mortality exceeded €259 million in 2019 alone. The data modeled provide important evidence toward resource allocation priorities for BC prevention, screening, and treatment that could potentially decrease productivity losses. Careful consideration should be given to BC-specific policies, such as surveillance programs and the availability of new treatments in CEE countries to decrease the medical and financial burden of the disease.
Improving the routine analysis of siderite for δ13C and δ18O in environmental change research

Rationale The carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope composition of siderite (FeCO3) is used widely to understand and quantify geochemical processes to reconstruct past climate and environmental change. However, few laboratories follow precisely the same protocol for the preparation and analysis of siderite‐bearing materials, which combined with the absence of international reference materials and mineral‐specific acid fractionation factors, leads potentially to significant differences in isotope data generated by individual laboratories. Here we examine procedures for the isotope analysis of siderite and discuss factors potentially contributing to inconsistencies in sample measurement data. Methods Isotope analysis of siderite is first assessed using similar versions of the classical off‐line, sealed vessel acid digestion method by comparing data sets obtained from intercomparison materials measured at two participating laboratories. We then compare data from the classical method against those generated using an automated preparation technique using data produced from an independent set of test materials. Results Measurement of siderite δ13C is generally both repeatable and reproducible, but measurement of δ18O may be subject to large (~1‰), method‐dependent bias for siderite reacted at differing temperatures (70°C and 100°C) under classical and automated CO2 preparation conditions. The potential for poor oxygen isotope measurement reproducibility is amplified by local differences in sample preparation protocols and procedures used to calibrate measurement data to international reference scales. Conclusions We offer suggestions for improving the repeatability and reproducibility of δ13C and δ18O analysis on siderite. The challenge of producing consistent isotope data from siderite can only be resolved by ensuring the availability of siderite reference materials to facilitate identical treatment as a basis for minimising method‐dependent contributions to data inconsistency between laboratories.
Current Status of Artificial Intelligence-Based Computer-Assisted Diagnosis Systems for Gastric Cancer in Endoscopy

Artificial intelligence (AI) is gradually being utilized in various fields as its performance has been improving with the development of deep learning methods, availability of big data, and the progression of computer processing units. In the field of medicine, AI is mainly implemented in image recognition, such as in radiographic and pathologic diagnoses. In the realm of gastrointestinal endoscopy, although AI-based computer-assisted detection/diagnosis (CAD) systems have been applied in some areas, such as colorectal polyp detection and diagnosis, so far, their implementation in real-world clinical settings is limited. The accurate detection or diagnosis of gastric cancer (GC) is one of the challenges in which performance varies greatly depending on the endoscopist’s skill. The diagnosis of early GC is especially challenging, partly because early GC mimics atrophic gastritis in the background mucosa. Therefore, several CAD systems for GC are being actively developed. The development of a CAD system for GC is considered challenging because it requires a large number of GC images. In particular, early stage GC images are rarely available, partly because it is difficult to diagnose gastric cancer during the early stages. Additionally, the training image data should be of a sufficiently high quality to conduct proper CAD training. Recently, several AI systems for GC that exhibit a robust performance, owing to being trained on a large number of high-quality images, have been reported. This review outlines the current status and prospects of AI use in esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS), focusing on the diagnosis of GC.
Quantified energy dissipation rates in the terrestrial bow shock: 2. Waves and dissipation

We present the first quantified measure of the energy dissipation rates, due to wave‐particle interactions, in the transition region of the Earth's collisionless bow shock using data from the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms spacecraft. Our results show that wave‐particle interactions can regulate the global structure and dominate the energy dissipation of collisionless shocks. In every bow shock crossing examined, we observed both low‐frequency (<10 Hz) and high‐frequency ( ≳ 10 Hz) electromagnetic waves throughout the entire transition region and into the magnetosheath. The low‐frequency waves were consistent with magnetosonic‐whistler waves. The high‐frequency waves were combinations of ion‐acoustic waves, electron cyclotron drift instability driven waves, electrostatic solitary waves, and whistler mode waves. The high‐frequency waves had the following: (1) peak amplitudes exceeding δB∼ 10 nT and δE∼ 300 mV/m, though more typical values were δB∼ 0.1–1.0 nT and δE∼ 10–50 mV/m; (2) Poynting fluxes in excess of 2000 μW m−2 (typical values were ∼1–10 μW m−2); (3) resistivities > 9000 Ω m; and (4) associated energy dissipation rates >10 μW m−3. The dissipation rates due to wave‐particle interactions exceeded rates necessary to explain the increase in entropy across the shock ramps for ∼90% of the wave burst durations. For ∼22% of these times, the wave‐particle interactions needed to only be ≤ 0.1% efficient to balance the nonlinear wave steepening that produced the shock waves. These results show that wave‐particle interactions have the capacity to regulate the global structure and dominate the energy dissipation of collisionless shocks.
Specific mechanisms of translation initiation in higher eukaryotes: the eIF4G2 story

The eukaryotic initiation factor 4G2 (eIF4G2, DAP5, Nat1, p97) was discovered in 1997. Over the past two decades, dozens of papers have presented contradictory data on eIF4G2 function. Since its identification, eIF4G2 has been assumed to participate in noncanonical translation initiation mechanisms, but recent results indicate that it can be involved in scanning as well. In particular, eIF4G2 provides leaky scanning through some upstream open reading frames (uORFs), which are typical for long 5′ UTRs of mRNAs from higher eukaryotes. It is likely the protein can also help the ribosome overcome other impediments during scanning of the 5′ UTRs of animal mRNAs. This may explain the need for eIF4G2 in higher eukaryotes, as many mRNAs that encode regulatory proteins have rather long and highly structured 5′ UTRs. Additionally, they often bind to various proteins, which also hamper the movement of scanning ribosomes. This review discusses the suggested mechanisms of eIF4G2 action, denotes obscure or inconsistent results, and proposes ways to uncover other fundamental mechanisms in which this important protein factor may be involved in higher eukaryotes.
APPLICATION OF PCR METHOD FOR DETECTION AND SPECIES IDENTIFICATION OF TOXOCARA SPP.

The ascaridoid nematodes of dogs and cats T. canis and T. cati are with widespread distribu-tion and causative agents of a disease in human and animals named Toxocariasis. Human dis-ease has several clinical forms with different clinical manifestation such as visceral, ocular, neurotoxocariasis and covert toxocariasis. The morphological methods used to differentiate the two species, especially to identify eggs or larvae, can lead to inaccurate diagnosis. This requires the use of more reliable methods, such as PCR, for identification of Toxocara species. The aim of our research is to develop in our conditions a PCR method for species identification of Toxocara and to determine its applicability on different stages of parasites. The method used by Khademvatan et al. (2013), we performed with some modifications in different forms of Toxocara - eggs, larvae and adult parasites. We used species-specific oligonucleotide primers from the ITS2 gene sequence of the ribosomal DNA - Tcan1/NC2 for T. canis and Tcat1/NC2 for T. cati. The presence of a band with a size of 380 bp, specific for T. canis, was found for all stages of the studied parasite. The described method will allow species differentiation of Toxocariasis causative agents and improve the diagnosis of the disease, as well as determine the actual spread and reservoirs of these parasites.
Optimized forest carbon sequestration&Better homeland

In the past few years, the problem of climate change has become more and more serious. Carbon sequestration as a technical means was proposed as early as the 1970s, but it has only been widely used in recent years. As the "lungs of the earth", forests play an irreplaceable role in carbon sequestration. Therefore, the efficient use of forest resources and the establishment of adaptive carbon sequestration models will provide new ideas for determining forest management plans.In this paper, we divide two types of basic models. One is a prediction model based on the carbon sequestration data of a certain forest in previous years, and the other is an evaluation model. In the evaluation model, we select several factors, and then evaluate the importance and sensitivity of each influencing factor.
A meta-analysis of polychronicity: Applying modern perspectives of multitasking and person-environment fit

We apply modern theory on multitasking and person-environment fit to holistically explain the relations of polychronicity as well as provide justifications for disparate results found in prior studies, such as undetected differences regarding task-switching and dual-tasking. We then conduct a meta-analysis of polychronicity's relations. We show that the nomological net surrounding polychronicity matches our proposed fit perspective. We likewise demonstrate that differences in task-switching and dual-tasking indeed influence the observed results of polychronicity, and the growing complexity of businesses may have caused the association of polychronicity and job performance to strengthen over time. Our discussion highlights that polychronicity plays an important role in personal well-being and employee performance, which can be understood by our person-environment fit perspective. Plain Language Summary We apply modern theory on multitasking and person-environment fit to holistically explain the relations of polychronicity as well as provide justifications for disparate results found in prior studies, such as undetected differences regarding task-switching and dual-tasking. We then conduct a meta-analysis of polychronicity's relations. We show that the nomological net surrounding polychronicity matches our proposed fit perspective. We likewise demonstrate that differences in task-switching and dual-tasking indeed influence the observed results of polychronicity, and the growing complexity of businesses may have caused the association of polychronicity and job performance to strengthen over time. Our discussion highlights that polychronicity plays an important role in personal well-being and employee performance, which can be understood by our person-environment fit perspective.
The Geography of Worker Adaptation to Unanticipated Job Losses

: This paper addresses the 21 st century worker adaptation to a changing economy, using near-universal quarterly matched employee-employer microdata from the Longitudinal Employer Household Dynamics (LEHD). We focus on the geography of worker adaptation after dislocation from a mass layoff during the Great Recession in five Great Lakes states. We examine the implications of mass layoffs at the individual establishment level and focus on how these layoffs affect future employment and earnings for displaced workers. Following a large number of displaced workers over time, we focus on the impacts of involuntary job loss by industry, earnings, demographics, location, and labor market history on future employment prospects. Results show that the likelihood that workers find new stable employment in the same MSA or a different MSA in which they lost their job is significantly affected by local and nearby job opportunities and housing costs. We also show that the earnings of these workers are, on average, still 15% below baseline after more than 4 years after displacement and these effects are strongest in the manufacturing sector.
Transcutaneous Bilirubin Measurement as a Predictor of Significant Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia in Low Birth Weight Neonates

Introduction: Early recognition of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is essential to prevent bilirubin encephalopathy. Transcutaneous bilirubin (TCB) measurement is a simple and easy method to predict neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. We aimed to study the efficacy of TCB as a predictor of subsequent significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in low birth neonates and compared the forehead and sternal sites for TCB measurement. Methods: A prospective study was conducted from August to October 2018 at a teaching hospital in South India including term and late preterm neonates weighing < 2.5 kg. The TCB values were obtained from the forehead (TCB-FH) and sternum (TCB-S) by a non-Invasive Bilirubin Analyser. The average of TCB (TCB- AV) was determined for each baby with TCB-FH and TCB –S values. Neonates were followed up subsequently till discharge for the development of significant hyperbilirubinemia. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated and the best cut-off value for 24-hour TCB as a predictor of significant hyperbilirubinemia was established. Results: The study included 88 neonates, of which 39 (44.3%) were late preterm and 49 (55.7%) term small for gestation age. Mean values of TCB –AV 6.25 ± 1.58, TCB – FH 6.24 ± 1.57391, and TCB – S 6.27 ± 1.56 were noted. The cut off value for TCB – AV was found to be 6.85 as a predictor for subsequent neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. TCB – AV was a better predictor than TCB - FH or TCB – S. Conclusions: TCB measurement is an easy and reliable predictor for subsequent significant hyperbilirubinemia in low birth weight neonates. The average of TCB forehead and sternum was a better predictor of significant hyperbilirubinemia.
Pop-up question on educational physics video: Effect on the learning performance of students

: Pop-up question video has been developed in oscillation physics concept to support the student’s learning objection in a Junior High School level. This video use as learning source to support the information gaining in particular use of learning design. This study aimed to analyzes the effect of physics pop- up question video relating to oscillation to the student’s learning performance. Furthermore, this video developed based on the recommendation of previous research to decrease the students’ cognitive load. Besides, this particular research aimed to measure the students’ learning performance on 100 students in junior high school level. Learning performance consists of the concept attainment of oscillation concept, students’ motivation and students’ cognitive load atter pass the learning process with pop- up question video. As results, the students’ concept attainment in a percentage of 74% and stated in a good category. Then, the students’ motivation has the percentage of 84% and state in a good category while the cognitive load percentage on 38% and stated in a less category. It means, the pop- up question video has good impact on students’ motivation and has a less cognitive load simultaneously. However, for gaining the better result, pop-up question video can be integrating to the innovative learning model.