Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Race Differences in Labor Force Attachment and Disability Status

We used the first wave of the Health and Retirement Survey to study the effect of health on the labor force activity of black and white men and women in their 50s. The evidence we present confirms the notion that health is an extremely important determinant of early labor force exit. Our estimates suggest that health differences between blacks and whites can account for most of the racial gap in labor force attachment for men. For women, when participation rates are comparable, our estimates imply that black women would be substantially more likely to work than white women were it not for the marked health differences. We also found for both men and women that poor health has a substantially larger effect on labor force behavior for blacks. The evidence suggests that these differences result from black/white differences in access to the resources necessary to retire.
Endogenous money supply, global liquidity and financial transactions: Panel evidence from OECD countries

Research background: Endogenous money creation is an inherent feature of today? s economies and widely accepted phenomenon. As the various theories of money rely on the money quantity equation, most empirical research is heading towards the analysis of the two-way relationship between the quantity of money and nominal GDP. In today's world, with the extraordinary development of the financial sector, money is used not only for transactions in the real economy, but increasingly also for purchasing financial assets. This observation was absorbed by Werner in the quantity theory of disaggregated credit. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to join the debate on endogenous character of money supply by tasting a disaggregated equation of money. It assumes that the domestic money supply is positively determined not only by growth in GDP-based transactions but also by growth in non-GDP-based transactions (financial transactions). Additionally, it is assumed that in the age of globalization it can be also positively influenced by the global liquidity. Methods: Testing of the above-mentioned hypotheses takes place with the use of panel unit roots tests, panel Granger causality test and panel estimations (OLS, models with fixed/random effects, GMM). In the study, annual data from 2002 to 2018 for OECD countries were chosen for statistical research. Findings & value added: The article confirms the hypothesis that real and financial economic activity together with global liquidity positively influence domestic credit and thus money supply. As the amount of money in an economy is driven not only by the real economy but also by the financial economy, prudential regulations that restrict leverage (and thus control the amount of credit) and limit risk-taking during price bubbles periods should be therefore considered. In the research, the reaction of domestic money supply to the changes in US money supply is positive. It confirms the importance of spill-over effect of expansionary policy in major economies to other economies.
Major Determinants and Potential Impacts of FDI on Japan’s Economic Growth

As in the last years there has been observed a relative growth in the levels of inward FDI inflows in Japan, the aim of the present paper is to analyze the beneficial role of the Japanese inward investment for the country’s sustainable economic development. In our research, we will focus on revealing the main determinants that have contributed towards this increment in inward FDI, pointing out the comparative advantages of Japan over the other developed countries (national investment- friendly policies, political stability, technological infrastructure etc.). Furthermore, the analysis will underline the potential political measures that Japanese government may undertake in order to further increase the FDI inflows in the country, highlighting also the potential risks for the sustainable growth.
Design and Implementation of an Efficient and Realistic Cooperative Core Architecture

In order to improve performance in the many-core era, we should utilize all cores on a chip effectively. However, it is difficult to parallelize programs so as to utilize all cores, and single-thread regions remain as bottlenecks. To solve these bottlenecks, cooperative core architectures are proposed. They can accelerate single-thread execution by fusing some narrow-issue cores into a wide-issue core. They can also balance single-thread performance and multi-thread performance by fusion and split during execution. We have proposed Core Symphony architecture that is one of the cooperative core architectures. In this paper, we design and implement efficient and realistic Core Symphony and run it on FPGA. Then, we clarify the performance and the hardware budget of Core Symphony.
Regulation control of partially observed discrete event systems

This paper deals with regulation control of discrete event systems using estimated state feedback. The system, the observer and the controller are modeled with interpreted Petri nets (IPN). The case in which both the state and the input events are partially observed is addressed. Based on this framework, structural conditions to determine the controllability of the system using an estimated state feedback are derived. Finally a scheme that integrates the controller and the observer is proposed.
Visual Cognition in Alzheimer’s Disease and Its Functional Implications

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common form of neurodegeneration that entails a progressive breakdown of cognitive functions. Cognitive impairments commonly begin with noticeable difficulties in remembering recent events (Gold & Budson, 2008; Ally, Gold & Budson, 2009), as well as spatial disorientation (Duffy, Cushman & Kavcic, 2004) and semantic memory impairments (Milberg, McGlinchey-Berroth, Duncan & Higgins, 1999). As the disease progresses, AD also entails impairments to visual cognition, which encompasses processes that help us to understand what we see (Cronin-Golomb, 1995). The purpose of this chapter is to review recent progress towards understanding aspects of visual cognition in AD, including visual memory and visual attention, and then explore how this research can be applied to assist in the daily living of AD patients. Humans normally rely tremendously on vision for interacting with the world. Therefore, there is a profound impact on everyday activities when visual impairments develop. For example, Perry and Hodges (2000) showed that measures of visuospatial functions, semantic memory, and attention correlated significantly with measures of daily living in patients with AD, but measures of episodic and verbal short-term memory did not. Further, impairments to visual attention and memory in patients with mild-to-moderate AD lead to poor performance in complex situations like driving (Rizzo, Sparks, McEvoy, Viamonte, Kellison & Vecera, 2009) and measures of financial responsibility (Sherod, Griffith, Copeland, Belue, Krzywanski et al., 2009). Finally, certain visual abilities, like assembling an image from its parts, deteriorate as AD progresses, providing a reliable means of tracking the progress of AD in a given patient (Paxton, Peavy, Jenkins, Rice, Heindel & Salmon, 2007). Changes in everyday visual abilities can be observed very early in the disease, even in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is thought to be a precursor to AD (Farias, Mungas, Reed, Harvey et al., 2006). Together, these studies suggest that measurable visual impairments in AD are strongly related to deterioration in everyday activities. Since the decline of visual abilities can have a very profound effect on daily living, a better understanding of AD-related changes to visual cognition, and the development of subsequent interventional strategies, promise to lead to improvements in patients’ quality of life. This chapter will place an emphasis on visual short-term memory (VSTM) in patients with AD, which has only recently been investigated. We will first describe the basic process of VSTM and then review the changes known to occur in AD. Then, we will review the interaction between visual attention and VSTM in AD patients and indicate how these two
International Law: A Critical Introduction

Introduction I. International Law and Domestic Law II. Paradoxes in the Contemporary World III. Law and Power IV. The Structure of the Book 1. The Distinctive Nature of International Law I. What is International Law? II. How International Law Differs from Domestic Law III. The Changing Nature of International Law IV. International Law and Common Sense V. What Makes International Law 'Law'? VI. Why is it Necessary to Identify the Sources of International Law? 2. The Dynamic Quality of International Law I. Introduction II. The Concept of Sovereignty and Sovereign Equality III. The Concept of Sovereignty and Jurisdiction IV. Sovereignty and Controversial Bases of International Jurisdiction V. Sovereign Equality and the Concept of Universal Jurisdiction VI. Legal Personality in International Law VII. The Place of the Individual in International Law VIII. The Individual in International Law as Exemplified by the European Convention on Human Rights IX. The Interrelationship between Sovereignty, Personality and the Individual in International Law 3. Self-determination and Territory in International Law I. Introduction II. The Concept of Self-determination in International Law before the Creation of the United Nations III. The United Nations Charter, Self-determination and Decolonisation IV. Self-determination after the Cold War V. States, Territory and Recognition VI. Territorial and Other Rights Over the Sea and its Bed VII. Conclusion 4. The International Obligations of States: Treaties and State Responsibility I. Introduction II. The Law of Treaties III. State Responsibility in International Law IV. Conclusion 5. The United Nations, the UN Charter and International Law I. Introduction II. The Origins of the UN III. The Structure of the UN IV. How the UN is Financed V. The UN Charter: A Constitution for the World? 6. Human Rights in International Law I. Introduction II. What are Human Rights? III. The Politics of Human Rights IV. The International Bill of Human Rights V. Other Principal UN Human Rights Conventions and Bodies VI. Regional Protection of Human Rights VII. The International Criminal Court VIII. Conclusion 7. The Peaceful Settlement of Disputes in International Law I. Introduction II. Legal Method and International Dispute Resolution III. The International Court of Justice IV. International Arbitration V. Conclusion 8. Use of Force in International Law I. Introduction II. The Use of Force in International Law before the Creation of the UN III. The Charter of the UN IV. Chapter VII of the UN Charter V. Self-defence in International Law VI. From Humanitarian Intervention to Responsibility to Protect VII. Rules Constraining the Type of Force Permissible VIII. Conclusion 9. The Misery and Grandeur of International Law I. Introduction II. The Paradox of Sovereign Equality III. The United States of America and International Law IV. The Case of Israel and International Law V. Conclusion
The Primate Thalamus Is a Key Target for Brain Dopamine

The thalamus relays information to the cerebral cortex from subcortical centers or other cortices; in addition, it projects to the striatum and amygdala. The thalamic relay function is subject to modulation, so the flow of information to the target regions may change depending on behavioral demands. Modulation of thalamic relay by dopamine is not currently acknowledged, perhaps because dopamine innervation is reportedly scant in the rodent thalamus. We show that dopaminergic axons profusely target the human and macaque monkey thalamus using immunolabeling with three markers of the dopaminergic phenotype (tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine, and the dopamine transporter). The dopamine innervation is especially prominent in specific association, limbic, and motor thalamic nuclei, where the densities of dopaminergic axons are as high as or higher than in the cortical area with the densest dopamine innervation. We also identified the dopaminergic neurons projecting to the macaque thalamus using retrograde tract-tracing combined with immunohistochemistry. The origin of thalamic dopamine is multiple, and thus more complex, than in any other dopaminergic system defined to date: dopaminergic neurons of the hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray matter, ventral mesencephalon, and the lateral parabrachial nucleus project bilaterally to the monkey thalamus. We propose a novel dopaminergic system that targets the primate thalamus and is independent from the previously defined nigrostriatal, mesocortical, and mesolimbic dopaminergic systems. Investigating this “thalamic dopaminergic system” should further our understanding of higher brain functions and conditions such as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and drug addiction.
Physical Aggression Direct and Mediated Effects of Nativity and Other Indicators of Acculturation on Hispanic Mothers ' Use of

This study used data from 845 foreign-born (n 1⁄4 328) and native-U.S. born (n 1⁄4 517) Hispanic mothers who participated in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) to examine four indicators of acculturation—nativity, years lived in the United States, religious attendance, and endorsement of traditional gender norms—as predictors of maternal physical aggression directed toward young children. The authors also examined whether psychosocial risk factors associated with child maltreatment and acculturation—maternal alcohol use, depression, parenting stress, and intimate partner aggression and violence—mediate relationships between acculturation and maternal aggression. Foreign-born Hispanic mothers had significantly lower rates of physical aggression than native-born Hispanic mothers. In path modeling results, U.S. nativity, along with maternal alcohol use, parenting stress, and child aggressive behavior, emerged as the strongest risk factors for maternal physical aggression. Among the four acculturation indicators, only foreign birth was directly associated with lower maternal aggression. Study findings suggest immigrant status is a unique protective factor that contributes to lower levels of physical aggression among Hispanic mothers.
Participation in Adult Schooling and Its Earnings Impact in Canada

Based on a sample drawn from Statistics Canada's Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID: 1993 to 1998 and 1996 to 2001), the study finds that young (17 to 34 years old) and single workers were more likely than older (35 to 59 years old) and married and divorced workers to participate in adult schooling and to obtain a post-secondary certificate. Workers with less than a high school education who might have the greatest need to increase their human capital investment were less likely to participate in adult education than workers with high school or more education. The study shows that male workers who obtained a post-secondary certificate while staying with the same employer generally registered higher wage and earnings gains than their counterparts who did not go back to school, regardless of age and initial level of education. On the other hand, men who obtained a certificate and switched jobs generally realized no significant return to their additional education, with the exception of young men (17 to 34 years old) who would receive significant returns to a certificate, whether they switched employer or stayed with the same employer. Obtaining a certificate generated significant wage and earnings returns for older women (aged 35 to 59) who stayed with the same employer, and significant wage returns for young women who switched employers.
Regular and Moderate Exercise Counteracts the Decline of Antioxidant Protection but Not Methylglyoxal-Dependent Glycative Burden in the Ovary of Reproductively Aging Mice

Population aging results in urgent needs of interventions aimed at ensuring healthy senescence. Exercise often results in healthy aging, yet many molecular mechanisms underlying such effects still need to be identified. We here investigated whether the age-dependent accumulation of oxidative and methylglyoxal- (MG-) related molecular damage could be delayed by moderate exercise in the mouse ovary, an organ that first exhibits impaired function with advancing age in mammals. CD1 female mice underwent two- or four-month treadmill-based running through the transition from adult to middle age, when ovaries show signs of senescence, and markers of protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MG were measured. The long-term exercise reduced the protein oxidative damage in the ovaries (P < 0.01), and this was linked to the preservation of the glutathione peroxidase protection against ROS (P < 0.001), as well as to the increased glutathione availability (P < 0.001). Conversely, even though the age-related deactivation of the MG-targeting systems was partially prevented by the long-term running programme (P < 0.001), exercised mice were not protected from the age-dependent glycative burden. In summary, lately initiated regular and moderate exercise limited some changes occurring in the ovaries of middle-aged mice, and this might help to develop nonpharmacological cointerventions to reduce the vulnerability of mammalian ovaries towards redox dysfunctions.
Inner-knuckle-print for human authentication by using ring and middle fingers

This paper proposed a new approach for inner-knuckle-print recognition. Theinner knuckle print is one of the reliable physiological characteristics among different approaches that exist in biometric. In this paper, the image of the inner surface of the middle and ring fingers are used for human verification. We considered the inner knuckle print as a texture and applied two types of feature extraction methods, namely Gabor wavelet filters and wavelet energy. Among all feature that is extracted by these approaches, fifty superior features selected by the forward feature selection algorithm. Features are classified with a new approach by using K-nearest neighbor, fuzzy K-nearest neighbor, parzen window and support vector machine classifiers. In Hong Kong Polytechnic University Contact-free 3D/2D Hand Images testing database of 1770 whole hand samples from 177 subjects, we achieved Equal Error Rate of 4.79%±1.74, 6.14%±0.09, 3.70±0.57 by using K-Nearest Neighbor, parzen window and support vector machine classifier for ring, middle and both of them together respectively.
Hoare-Style Verification of Graph Programs

GP (for Graph Programs) is an experimental nondeterministic programming language for solving problems on graphs and graph-like structures. The language is based on graph transformation rules, allowing visual programming at a high level of abstraction. In particular, GP frees programmers from dealing with low-level data structures. In this paper, we present a Hoare-style proof system for verifying the partial correctness of (a subset of) graph programs. The pre- and post-conditions of the calculus are nested graph conditions with expressions, a formalism for specifying both structural graph properties and properties of labels. We show that our proof system is sound with respect to GP's operational semantics and give examples of its use.
Hybrid scheduler to overcome the negative impact of job preemption for heterogeneous Hadoop systems

To improve the resource utilization jobs running in the production clusters shares the available resources by assigning with different priorities. Preemption is one of the common technique used by the schedulers in Hadoop systems to prevent the delay in the job completion, also to ensure that the available resource is effectively shared among the running jobs. In addition, this prevents large jobs, obtaining too many resources and making others to starve for resources. Jobs submitted to Hadoop systems may have a mixture of lengths, in such environment the existing preemption policies can delay the job completion resulting in the wasting of resources. The main aim of this paper is to size based scheduling using Hadoop Fair Sojourn Protocol with job preemption, which implements a size-based discipline that satisfies simultaneously system responsiveness and fairness requirements.
Dimension reduction with coevolutionary genetic algorithm for text classification

Text classification of large-size corpora is time-consuming for implementation of classification algorithms. For this reason, it is important to reduce dimension of text classification problems. We propose a method for dimension reduction based on hierarchical agglomerative clustering of terms and cluster weight optimization using cooperative coevolutionary genetic algorithm. The method was applied on 5 different corpora using several classification methods with different text preprocessing. The method reduces dimension of text classification problem significantly. Classification efficiency increases or decreases non-significantly after clustering with optimization of cluster weights.
Adaptive hybrid function projective synchronization of chaotic systems with fully unknown periodical time-varying parameters

In this paper, an adaptive learning control approach is presented for the hybrid functional projective synchronization (HFPS) of different chaotic systems with fully unknown periodical time-varying parameters. Differential-difference hybrid parametric learning laws and an adaptive learning control law are constructed via the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional stability theory, which make the states of two different chaotic systems asymptotically synchronized in the sense of mean square norm. Moreover, the boundedness of the parameter estimates are also obtained. The Lorenz system and Chen system are illustrated to show the effectiveness of the hybrid functional projective synchronization scheme.
Design and Analysis of Robust Tunneling FET SRAM

With a steep subthreshold slope, tunneling FETs (TFETs) are promising candidates for ultralow-voltage operation compared with conventional MOSFETs. However, the delayed saturation characteristic and the broad soft transition region result in a large crossover region/current in an inverter, thus degrading the hold/read static noise margin (H/RSNM) of TFET SRAM cells. The write-ability and write static noise margin (WSNM) of TFET SRAM cells are constrained by the unidirectional conduction characteristics and large crossover contention of the write access transistor and the holding transistor. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of TFET circuit switching/output characteristics/performance and the underlying physics. The stability/performance of several TFET SRAM cells are then analyzed/compared using atomistic technology computer-aided design mixed-mode simulations. Finally, a robust 7T driverless (DL) TFET SRAM cell is proposed. The proposed 7T DL TFET SRAM cell, with better output characteristics in single-gate mode, and decoupled read current path from cell storage node and push-pull write action with asymmetrical raised-cell-virtual-ground write-assist, provides a significant improvement in hold, read, and write stability and performance.