Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of reuniens and rhomboid thalamic nuclei in spatial memory

THE ROLE OF REUNIENS AND RHOMBOID THALAMIC NUCLEI IN SPATIAL WORKING MEMORY by Jacqueline R. Hembrook University of New Hampshire, September, 2011 Spatial working memory is the ability to encode and temporarily store information for future retrieval to guide behavioral responses. Two areas of the brain that are important for this process are prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus. The hippocampus has strong connections to medial PFC, however there are no direct return projections from medial PFC to hippocampus. The reuniens (Re) and rhomboid (Rh) nuclei of ventral midline thalamus have anatomical connections with PFC and hippocampus. This dissertation sought to provide behavioral evidence for the role of the ventral midline thalamic nuclei in spatial working memory. Four experiments were conducted in rats using different methods to elucidate the role of Re and Rh nuclei in memory. Experiment 1 temporarily inactivated Re and Rh with pharmacological manipulations. Experiment 2 used permanent excitotoxic lesions to selectively damage Re or Rh nuclei. Experiment 3 used similar lesions on areas surrounding Re and Rh to rule out any potential contributions of these areas and Experiment 4 used event-related deep brain stimulation in Re and Rh to distinguish when during the memory process these nuclei are important. Results revealed impairments for the Re and Rh nuclei on
Generalizing Eigenvalue Theorems to Pseudospectra Theorems

Analysis of nonsymmetric matrix iterations based on eigenvalues can be misleading. In this paper, we discuss sixteen theorems involving ${{\varepsilon}}\def\Lam{\Lambda}\def\lam{\lambda}$-pseudospectra that each generalize a familiar eigenvalue theorem and may provide more descriptive information in some cases. Our organizing principle is that each pseudospectral theorem reduces precisely to the corresponding eigenvalue theorem when ${{\varepsilon}}\def\Lam{\Lambda}\def\lam{\lambda}=0$.
A general storage theorem for integers in call-byname & calculus

Krivine, J.-L. , A general storage theorem for integers in call-by-name /I-calculus, Theoretical Computer Science 129 (1994) 79994. The notion of storage operator introduced in J.-L. Krivine, 1991, 1990 appears to be an important tool in the study of data types in second-order i-calculus. These operators are I-terms which simulate call by value in the call-by-name strategy, and they can be used in order to modelize assignment instructions. The main result about storage operators is that there is a very simple second-order type for them, using Giidel’s “not-not translation” of classical into intuitionistic logic. We give here a new and simpler proof of a strengthened version of this theorem, which contains all previous result in intuitionistic and in classical logic (J.-L. Krivine, 1990, 1992), and gives rise to new “storage theorems”. Morever, this result has a simple and intuitive meaning, in terms of realizability.
A Wideband On-Interposer Passive Equalizer Design for Chip-to-Chip 30-Gb/s Serial Data Transmission

In this paper, a novel on-interposer passive equalizer is proposed for chip-to-chip high-speed data transmission on the silicon-based on-interposer channel. The proposed equalizer uses the parasitic resistance and inductance of the on-interposer shunt metal lines to produce the high-pass filter. This filter enables the proposed equalizer to exhibit wideband channel equalization and low power-consumption. Based on the equivalent-circuit model of the proposed on-interposer passive equalizer, the physical dimensions of the equalizer are optimized for 30-Gb/s serial data transmission. The performance of the proposed equalizer with the optimized dimensions was successfully demonstrated by both frequency- and time-domain measurements at data rates of up to 30 Gb/s. In addition, a compact on-interposer passive equalizer was designed for the wide I/O interposer using the same mechanism. The improved quality of serial data transmission in the equalized wide I/O on-interposer channel was successfully verified by simulations at data rates of up to 10 Gb/s.
Low Complexity Scheduling Technique for Multi-User MIMO Systems

A novel low complexity scheduling algorithm was proposed for multi-user MIMO downlink channels. Considering the scenario that zero-forcing beamforming is employed at the base station, the number of simultaneously supportable users is limited by the number of transmit antennas at base station and user receive antennas. Thus the base station may select a subset of users to serve. Exhaustive search for the optimal user set, however, is computationally prohibitive. Based on the orthogonal projection operators of subspaces, we proposed a sub-optimal user selection algorithm using the distance metric between subspaces spanned by the vectors of users' channels. Furthermore, an equivalent version of this algorithm was presented after proving the equivalence between the distance metric and the correlation metric. Simulation results show that this algorithm performs very close to the capacity-based algorithm with much lower computational complexity.
On the rate distortion function of Bernoulli Gaussian sequences

We study the rate distortion function of the Bernoulli-Gaussian random variable which can be used to model sparse signals. Both lower and upper bounds on the rate distortion function are given.We show that the bounds are almost tight in the low distortion regime for sparse signals. Interestingly, a naive coding scheme is near-optimal in this scenario.
Primary central nervous system lymphoma in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. A clinical and pathologic study with results of treatment with radiation

Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma occurs frequently in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Seventeen patients with AIDS and biopsy‐proven CNS lymphoma were treated with whole‐brain radiation. At presentation, most patients were severely debilitated from previous AIDS‐related illnesses. Patients generally had focal neurologic symptoms such as seizures and paralysis. Headaches and mental status changes, often noticed after hospital admission, seldom brought our patients to seek medical attention. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed low‐density, contrast‐enhancing, mass lesions with variable amounts of peritumor edema. Size, location, and pattern of contrast enhancement of the lesions varied. No specific pattern was seen that could be used to distinguish between CNS lymphoma, toxoplasmosis, or other CNS diseases that occur in patients with AIDS. Biopsy results showed angiocentric, high‐grade, large cell tumors with frequent necrosis. Immunohistochemical analysis showed B‐cell phenotype with small amounts of T‐cells, presumably reactive. All patients received irradiation to the whole brain with parallel opposed fields. A variety of doses and treatment regimens were used. Mean survival was only 72 days. Survival was longer in patients with higher pretreatment Karnofsky scores. The correlation between dose and survival was not significant. At completion of therapy, most patients showed improvement in Karnofsky score and had partial improvement in neurologic symptoms. CNS lymphomas in patients with AIDS are responsive to radiation. Posttreatment CT scans showed regression of tumors. Autopsy examinations showed regression of tumors, but also showed concurrent CNS infections, AIDS encephalopathy, and radiation‐induced changes within the normal CNS tissue. Opportunistic infections rather than cerebral herniation or uncontrolled lymphoma was the most common cause of death.
PI-Funnel Control for Two Mass Systems

We control a two mass system with uncertain parameter values, encompassing friction and hysteretic effects, modelled as a functional differential equation. As opposed to control strategies invoking identification mechanisms or neural networks, we propose controllers relying on structural system properties only. Output behaviour with pre-specified accuracy is guaranteed by the funnel controller, active damping of the shaft oscillation by the high-pass filter, zero tracking output error in the steady state by the PI-controller and bounded input disturbances are rejected. Finally, the controllers are implemented on a real plant, an electrical drive.
Elevated Proteasome Capacity Extends Replicative Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Aging is characterized by the accumulation of damaged cellular macromolecules caused by declining repair and elimination pathways. An integral component employed by cells to counter toxic protein aggregates is the conserved ubiquitin/proteasome system (UPS). Previous studies have described an age-dependent decline of proteasomal function and increased longevity correlates with sustained proteasome capacity in centenarians and in naked mole rats, a long-lived rodent. Proof for a direct impact of enhanced proteasome function on longevity, however, is still lacking. To determine the importance of proteasome function in yeast aging, we established a method to modulate UPS capacity by manipulating levels of the UPS–related transcription factor Rpn4. While cells lacking RPN4 exhibit a decreased non-adaptable proteasome pool, loss of UBR2, an ubiquitin ligase that regulates Rpn4 turnover, results in elevated Rpn4 levels, which upregulates UPS components. Increased UPS capacity significantly enhances replicative lifespan (RLS) and resistance to proteotoxic stress, while reduced UPS capacity has opposing consequences. Despite tight transcriptional co-regulation of the UPS and oxidative detoxification systems, the impact of proteasome capacity on lifespan is independent of the latter, since elimination of Yap1, a key regulator of the oxidative stress response, does not affect lifespan extension of cells with higher proteasome capacity. Moreover, since elevated proteasome capacity results in improved clearance of toxic huntingtin fragments in a yeast model for neurodegenerative diseases, we speculate that the observed lifespan extension originates from prolonged elimination of damaged proteins in old mother cells. Epistasis analyses indicate that proteasome-mediated modulation of lifespan is at least partially distinct from dietary restriction, Tor1, and Sir2. These findings demonstrate that UPS capacity determines yeast RLS by a mechanism that is distinct from known longevity pathways and raise the possibility that interventions to promote enhanced proteasome function will have beneficial effects on longevity and age-related disease in humans.
The Role of Risk Aversion and Lay Risk in the Probabilistic Externality Assessment for Oil Tanker Routes to Europe

Oil spills are a major cause of environmental concern, in particular for Europe. However, the traditional approach to the evaluation of the expected external costs of these accidents fails to take into full account the implications of their probabilistic nature. By adapting a methodology originally developed for nuclear accidents to the case of oil spills, we extend the traditional approach to the assessment of the welfare losses borne by potentially affected individuals for being exposed to the risk of an oil spill. The proposed methodology differs from the traditional approach in three respects: it allows for risk aversion; it adopts an ex-ante rather than an ex-post perspective; it allows for subjective oil spill probabilities (held by the lay public) higher than those assessed by the experts in the field. In order to illustrate quantitatively this methodology, we apply it to the hypothetical (yet realistic) case of an oil spill in the Aegean Sea. We assess the risk premiums that potentially affected individuals would be willing to pay in order to avoid losses to economic activities such as tourism and fisheries, and non-use damages resulting from environmental impacts on the Aegean coasts. In the scenarios analysed, the risk premiums on expected losses for tourism and fisheries turn out to be substantial when measured as a percentage of expected losses; by contrast, they are quite small for the case of damages to the natural environment.
Metonymy and conceptual blending

1 of 18 10/7/2004 7:02 PM Metonymy and Conceptual Blending Seana Coulson and Todd Oakley 1. General Definitions of Conceptual Blending Conceptual blending theory offers a general model of meaning construction in which a small set of partially compositional processes operate in analogy, metaphor, counterfactuals, and many other semantic and pragmatic phenomena. Discussed at length in Fauconnier & Turner (1998), Coulson (2000), and Oakley (in preparation) blending involves a set of operations for combining dynamic cognitive models in a network of mental spaces (Fauconnier, 1994), or partitions of speakers' referential representations. Below, we discuss the role of metonymy in a range of conceptual blends that span a continuum from instances of ordinary language use to examples of human creativity and artistry operating at its highest pitch. Our examples include uses of the idiom blowing your own horn, literary blends in the writings of the American author Ernest Hemingway, and metonymic blends in the sculpture of Viktor Schreckengost. 1.1 Mental Space Theory Mental spaces contain partial representations of the entities and relationships in any given scenario as perceived, imagined, remembered, or otherwise understood by a speaker. Elements represent each of the discourse entities, and simple frames represent the relationships that exist between them. Because the same scenario can be construed in multiple ways, mental spaces are frequently used to partition incoming information about elements in speakers' referential representations. (1) Seana thinks the statue is hideous, but Todd thinks it's just wonderful. For example, (1) prompts the reader to construct two mental spaces, one to represent Seana's opinion of the statue, and one to represent Todd's: Seana Todd Thinks Thinks ====== ====== s s' hideous(s) wonderful(s')
AutoGlobe: Automatische Administration von dienstbasierten Datenbankanwendungen

Derzeit lasst sich ein Trend weg von monolithischen Systemen hin zu Service Oriented Architectures (SOAs) beobachten. Dieser Paradigmenwechsel erfordert neue Administrationstechniken, um die auf SOAs basierenden verteilten Datenbankanwendungen zuverlassig und kostengunstig betreiben zu konnen. Zu diesem Zweck entwickeln wir neue Selbstadministrierungskonzepte. Die Grundlage hierfur bilden die Virtualisierung von Hardware und Diensten, sowie ein kontinuierliches Monitoring. Dadurch ist es moglich, die Verteilung der Dienste auf die zur Verfugung stehende Hardware durch statische und dynamische Allokationstechniken zu optimieren. Statische Allokationsalgorithmen liefern eine optimierte a priori Verteilung der Dienste auf die Hardware. Dazu werden Dienste mit komplementaren Ressourcenanforderungen moglichst gemeinsam auf einem Rechner ausgefuhrt. Eine rein statische Optimierung kann allerdings nicht zeitnah auf unvorhersagbare Ereignisse, wie etwa Uberlastoder Fehlersituationen, reagieren. Deshalb setzen wir zusatzlich eine auf Fuzzy-Logik basierende Kontrollkomponente ein, die zur Laufzeit dynamisch Anpassungen der Dienstallokation vornimmt. Beispielsweise werden abgesturzte Dienste neu gestartet und Uberlastsituationen durch Hinzunahme weiterer Instanzen oder den Umzug einer Instanz auf einen leistungsfahigeren Rechner behoben. Die vorgestellten Technologien stellen damit einen ersten Schritt in Richtung eines durchgangigen Quality of Service-Managements (QoS-Management) in einer derartigen Infrastruktur dar. AutoGlobe ist die prototypische Umsetzung der in diesem Beitrag beschriebenen Konzepte fur eine adaptive Infrastruktur, die sich durch Selbstkonfiguration, Selbstoptimierung und eigenstandige Fehlerbehebung auszeichnet.
Sparse multi-view matrix factorization: a multivariate approach to multiple tissue comparisons

MOTIVATION Within any given tissue, gene expression levels can vary extensively among individuals. Such heterogeneity can be caused by genetic and epigenetic variability and may contribute to disease. The abundance of experimental data now enables the identification of features of gene expression profiles that are shared across tissues and those that are tissue-specific. While most current research is concerned with characterizing differential expression by comparing mean expression profiles across tissues, it is believed that a significant difference in a gene expression's variance across tissues may also be associated with molecular mechanisms that are important for tissue development and function. RESULTS We propose a sparse multi-view matrix factorization (sMVMF) algorithm to jointly analyse gene expression measurements in multiple tissues, where each tissue provides a different 'view' of the underlying organism. The proposed methodology can be interpreted as an extension of principal component analysis in that it provides the means to decompose the total sample variance in each tissue into the sum of two components: one capturing the variance that is shared across tissues and one isolating the tissue-specific variances. sMVMF has been used to jointly model mRNA expression profiles in three tissues obtained from a large and well-phenotyped twins cohort, TwinsUK. Using sMVMF, we are able to prioritize genes based on whether their variation patterns are specific to each tissue. Furthermore, using DNA methylation profiles available, we provide supporting evidence that adipose-specific gene expression patterns may be driven by epigenetic effects. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Python code is available at http://wwwf.imperial. ac.uk/~gmontana/. CONTACT giovanni.montana@kcl.ac.uk SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A fast transient response synchronous Buck converter with modified ripple-based control (MRBC) technique

A new ripple controlled synchronous Buck converter featuring with improved transient response and low output voltage ripple is presented in this paper. The proposed modified ripple-based control (MRBC) technique adopting a novel ripple generate mechanism realizes the fast response ability by regulating the inductor current and output voltage through separate loops rapidly. In addition, a high-precision current sensor is utilized to form the current loop to improve the regulation accuracy. Meanwhile, the output voltage ripple is minimized by eliminating the requirement of a large ESR (equivalent series resistance) thanks to the introduced current loop. The proposed controller is implemented in a 0.5 μm BCD process of CSMC. Simulation results show that, during a 500 mA load current step change, the controller is able to regulate the output voltage to return to its nominal value within 2.6 μs with less than 50 mV overshoot/undershoot. The output voltage ripple is only 15 mV.
Anticancer Activities of Essential Oils Constituents and Synergy with Conventional Therapies: A Review

Many studies have shown that a large number of terpenoids and aromatic compounds contained in essential oils have significant anticancer activities, both on cell lines and on tumors in animals. The activity of these constituents is related to the activation of cell death (apoptosis) induced by the caspases proteins in cancer cells, with minor modifications of healthy cells. Many phenomena seem to occur, among which are as follows: overexpression and regulation of liver detoxification enzymes, changes in the membrane potential of cancer cells and mitochondria, production of free radicals in cancer cells, inhibition of angiogenesis, and modification of tumor‐inducing genes. These active essential oil constituents appear to act synergistically with conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and some clinical studies in humans are beginning to be realized. In this review, we discuss about the antitumoral activity of 13 essential oil components selected among the most studied in the literature, with a focus on their possible mode of action. We also report current data on the anticancer properties of several total essential oils. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeting of HPV-16+ Epithelial Cancer Cells by TCR Gene Engineered T Cells Directed against E6

Purpose: The E6 and E7 oncoproteins of HPV-associated epithelial cancers are in principle ideal immunotherapeutic targets, but evidence that T cells specific for these antigens can recognize and kill HPV+ tumor cells is limited. We sought to determine whether TCR gene engineered T cells directed against an HPV oncoprotein can successfully target HPV+ tumor cells. Experimental Design: T-cell responses against the HPV-16 oncoproteins were investigated in a patient with an ongoing 22-month disease-free interval after her second resection of distant metastatic anal cancer. T cells genetically engineered to express an oncoprotein-specific TCR from this patient's tumor-infiltrating T cells were tested for specific reactivity against HPV+ epithelial tumor cells. Results: We identified, from an excised metastatic anal cancer tumor, T cells that recognized an HLA-A*02:01–restricted epitope of HPV-16 E6. The frequency of the dominant T-cell clonotype from these cells was approximately 400-fold greater in the patient's tumor than in her peripheral blood. T cells genetically engineered to express the TCR from this clonotype displayed high avidity for an HLA-A*02:01–restricted epitope of HPV-16, and they showed specific recognition and killing of HPV-16+ cervical, and head and neck cancer cell lines. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that HPV-16+ tumors can be targeted by E6-specific TCR gene engineered T cells, and they provide the foundation for a novel cellular therapy directed against HPV-16+ malignancies, including cervical, oropharyngeal, anal, vulvar, vaginal, and penile cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 21(19); 4431–9. ©2015 AACR.
Science as By-Products of Search for Novel Patterns , or Data Compressible in Unknown Yet Learnable Ways

I argue that science, art, music, comedy are just by-product s of our intrinsic desire to create / discover more novel patterns , that is, data compressible in hitherto unknown ways. It is possible to rigorously formalize this co n ept and implement it on learning machines, thus building artificial robotic scie ntists and artists equipped with intrinsically motivated curiosity and creativity. I s ummarize our work on this topic since 1990; for concrete implementation details (199 0-2009) see [17, 16, 30,
TRF1 Ensures the Centromeric Function of Aurora-B and Proper Chromosome Segregation

ABSTRACT A cancer is a robustly evolving cell population originating from a normal diploid cell. Improper chromosome segregation causes aneuploidy, a driving force of cancer development and malignant progression. Telomeric repeat binding factor 1 (TRF1) has been established as a telomeric protein that negatively regulates telomere elongation by telomerase and promotes efficient DNA replication at telomeres. Intriguingly, overexpression of a mitotic kinase, Aurora-A, compromises efficient microtubule-kinetochore attachment in a TRF1-dependent manner. However, the precise role of TRF1 in mitosis remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that TRF1 is required for the centromeric function of Aurora-B, which ensures proper chromosome segregation. TRF1 depletion abolishes centromeric recruitment of Aurora-B and loosens sister centromere cohesion, resulting in the induction of merotelic kinetochore attachments, lagging chromosomes, and micronuclei. Accordingly, an absence of TRF1 in human and mouse diploid cells induces aneuploidy. These phenomena seem to be telomere independent, because a telomere-unbound TRF1 mutant can suppress the TRF1 knockdown phenotype. These observations indicate that TRF1 regulates the rigidity of the microtubule-kinetochore attachment, contributing to proper chromosome segregation and the maintenance of genomic integrity.