Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dichloroacetate effects on glucose and lactate oxidation by neurons and astroglia in vitro and on glucose utilization by brain in vivo

Neuronal cultures in vitro readily oxidized both D-[14C]glucose and l-[14C]lactate to 14CO2, whereas astroglial cultures oxidized both substrates sparingly and metabolized glucose predominantly to lactate and released it into the medium. [14C]Glucose oxidation to 14CO2 varied inversely with unlabeled lactate concentration in the medium, particularly in neurons, and increased progressively with decreasing lactate concentration. Adding unlabeled glucose to the medium inhibited [14C]lactate oxidation to 14CO2 only in astroglia but not in neurons, indicating a kinetic preference in neurons for oxidation of extracellular lactate over intracellular pyruvate/lactate produced by glycolysis. Protein kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation inactivates pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which regulates pyruvate entry into the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Dichloroacetate inhibits this kinase, thus enhancing PDH activity. In vitro dichloroacetate stimulated glucose and lactate oxidation to CO2 and reduced lactate release mainly in astroglia, indicating that limitations in glucose and lactate oxidation by astroglia may be due to a greater balance of PDH toward the inactive form. To assess the significance of astroglial export of lactate to neurons in vivo, we attempted to diminish this traffic in rats by administering dichloroacetate (50 mg/kg) intravenously to stimulate astroglial lactate oxidation and then examined the effects on baseline and functionally activated local cerebral glucose utilization (lCMRglc). Dichloroacetate raised baseline lCMRglc throughout the brain and decreased the percent increases in lCMRglc evoked by functional activation. These studies provide evidence in support of the compartmentalization of glucose metabolism between astroglia and neurons but indicate that the compartmentalization may be neither complete nor entirely obligatory.
The Effects of Pre‐Exercise Ginger Supplementation on Muscle Damage and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

Ginger possesses analgesic and pharmacological properties mimicking non‐steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. We aimed to determine if ginger supplementation is efficacious for attenuating muscle damage and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) following high‐intensity resistance exercise. Following a 5‐day supplementation period of placebo or 4 g ginger (randomized groups), 20 non‐weight trained participants performed a high‐intensity elbow flexor eccentric exercise protocol to induce muscle damage. Markers associated with muscle damage and DOMS were repeatedly measured before supplementation and for 4 days following the exercise protocol. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed one repetition maximum lift decreased significantly 24 h post‐exercise in both groups (p < 0.005), improved 48 h post‐exercise only in the ginger group (p = 0.002), and improved at 72 (p = 0.021) and 96 h (p = 0.044) only in the placebo group. Blood creatine kinase significantly increased for both groups (p = 0.015) but continued to increase only in the ginger group 72 (p = 0.006) and 96 h (p = 0.027) post‐exercise. Visual analog scale of pain was significantly elevated following eccentric exercise (p < 0.001) and was not influenced by ginger. In conclusion, 4 g of ginger supplementation may be used to accelerate recovery of muscle strength following intense exercise but does not influence indicators of muscle damage or DOMS. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psycholinguistic assessment: The clinical base for identification of dyslexia

Psycholinguistic assessment is a clinical tool critical in identification and remediation of dyslexia, a syndrome characterized by deficits in psycholinguistic processing. Dyslexia is far more pervasive than was originally thought. To identify dyslexia, conventional educational and psychological assessment is inadequate. As a result, many dyslexics are not identified. Evaluation of psycholinguistic processing problems requires clinicians who specialize in language. Along with results of testing, clinical observations and language histories are equally important for evaluating complex interactions between thought and language. Psycholinguistic assessment identifies students for placement in research-based, structured language programs that employ a sequential and cumulative language base, teaching linguistic units of phonology, morphology, semantics, and syntax to mastery.
Decontextualized language production in two languages: An investigation of children's word definition skills in Korean and English

ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify factors that contribute to bilingual children's decontextualized language production and investigate how schooling experience and bilingualism affect the development of this skill. The word definition skills of seventy Korean–English bilingual children whose first language was Korean, yet who had been schooled in English, were analyzed. The findings indicate that contrary to the results from previous studies, the participants' decontextualized language production was much better in their home language than in their school language, when considering both the formal linguistic structure and the communicative adequacy of their word definitions. In addition, limited cross-language transfer across tasks was present and cross-language contribution was observed only in the children's ability to achieve communicative adequacy, but not in their ability to construct conventional definition syntax. The results are discussed in terms of the linguistic and typological distance between the two languages and the potential effects of language-learning contexts.
Refining schizophrenia via graph reachability in Esterel

Esterel is an imperative synchronous language for control-dominant reactive systems. The combination of imperative structures and the perfect synchrony hypothesis often result in schizophrenic statements. Previous studies explain the characteristics of schizophrenia as the instantaneous reentrance to block statements: local signal declarations and parallel statements. In practice, however, most instantly-reentered block statements do not cause any problems in Esterel compilation. In this paper, we refine schizophrenic problems in terms of signal emissions, and suggest an algorithm to detect harmful schizophrenia using reachability on control flow graphs (CFGs) in Esterel. Our algorithm performs well in analyzing practical programs. Moreover, it can be easily applied to existing compilers.
El bullying y su relación con las actitudes de socialización en una muestra de adolescentes

El presente trabajo es parte de una investigacion mas amplia que pretende conocer las implicaciones de algunas actitudes sociales de los adolescentes en la dinamica bullying. La muestra la componen 46 alumnos de dos grupos de Tercero de Educacion Secundaria, de 14 y 15 anos, siendo 29 chicos y 17 chicas. Se aplicaron diversas pruebas para la medida de la agresividad entre escolares, el clima social escolar y los niveles de socializacion. Los resultados revelaron diferencias significativas entre alumnos agresivos, victimas y bien adaptados en cuanto a ascendencia social en el grupo aula, registrando valores menores en los victimas. En general, los valores de consideracion hacia los demas son bajos en toda la muestra, la percepcion del clima social del aula presenta escasas diferencias entre bien adaptado y agresores, lo puede ser interpretado como elemento favorecedor de bullying en los contextos escolares
Hierarchical Sparse Signal Recovery by Variational Bayesian Inference

This letter addresses the recovery of hierarchical sparse signals in a Bayesian framework. Hierarchical sparse signals exhibit two levels of sparsity, i.e., block-sparsity among different blocks and internal sparsity within each individual block. As in sparse Bayesian learning, each component of the coefficient vector is firstly modeled as a Gaussian distributed variable with zero mean. To enforce the two-level hierarchical sparsity, the variance is further modeled by two classes of hidden variables controlling the block-sparsity and the internal sparsity, respectively. Finally, variational Bayesian inference is used to recover the coefficient vector from the noise corrupted data. Numerical simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms those recently reported recovery methods.
On Efficient Key Agreement Protocols

A class of efficient key agreement protocols proposed by Boyd is examined. An attack is demonstrated on a round-optimal example protocol of this class, and a simple countermeasure is suggested. The whole class is known to be vulnerable to an attack proposed by Bauer, Berson and Feiertag. A new class of key agreement protocols without this vulnerability but having the same advantages in efficiency is identified, and a number of concrete protocols are proposed.
The development of antisocial behaviour patterns in childhood and adolescence

A developmental model of antisocial behaviour is presented in this paper. Arguments and evidence are presented for the position that although many factors such as parent criminality, social and economic disadvantage, child temperament, and marital discord systematically affect the development of antisocial child behaviour, their influence is mediated by the extent to which they disrupt day‐to‐day parenting practices. Particularly, it is argued that irritable, ineffective discipline and poor parental monitoring are the most proximal determinants of the early development and maintenance of antisocial behaviour. The implications of this model for prevention and intervention in child conduct problems are discussed, using examples of promising clinical work that focuses on direct parent training.
Transfer Theorem Concerning Asymptotic Expansions For The Distribution Functions Of Statistics

In the paper, we discuss the transformation of the asymptotic expansion for the distribution of a statistic admitting Edgeworth expansion if the sample size is replaced by a random variable.We demonstrate that all those statistics that are regarded as asymptotically normal in the classical sense, become asymptotically Laplace or Student if the sample size is random. Thus, the Laplace and Student distributions may be used as an asymptotic approximation in descriptive statistics being a convenient heavy-tailed alternative to stable laws.
Heat conduction in graphene: experimental study and theoretical interpretation

We review the results of our experimental investigation of heat conduction in suspended graphene and offer a theoretical interpretation of its extremely high thermal conductivity. The direct measurements of the thermal conductivity of graphene were performed using a non-contact optical technique and special calibration procedure with bulk graphite. The measured values were in the range of ∼3000–5300 W mK−1 near room temperature and depended on the lateral dimensions of graphene flakes. We explain the enhanced thermal conductivity of graphene as compared to that of bulk graphite basal planes by the two-dimensional nature of heat conduction in graphene over the whole range of phonon frequencies. Our calculations show that the intrinsic Umklapp-limited thermal conductivity of graphene grows with the increasing dimensions of graphene flakes and can exceed that of bulk graphite when the flake size is on the order of a few micrometers. The detailed theory, which includes the phonon-mode-dependent Gruneisen parameter and takes into account phonon scattering on graphene edges and point defects, gives numerical results that are in excellent agreement with the measurements for suspended graphene. Superior thermal properties of graphene are beneficial for all proposed graphene device applications.
Knowledge Embedding and Retrieval Strategies in an Informledge System

Abstract — Informledge System (ILS) is a knowledge network with autonomous nodes and intelligent links that integrate and structure the pieces of knowledge. In this paper, we put forward the strategies for knowledge embedding and retrieval in an ILS. ILS is a powerful knowledge network system dealing with logical storage and connectivity of information units to form knowledge using autonomous nodes and multi-lateral links. In ILS, the autonomous nodes known as Knowledge Network Nodes ( KNN)s play vital roles which are not only used in storage, parsing and in forming the multi-lateral linkages between knowledge points but also in helping the realization of intelligent retrieval of linked information units in the form of knowledge. Knowledge built in to the ILS forms the shape of sphere. The intelligence incorporated into the links of a KNN helps in retrieving various knowledge threads from a specific set of KNNs. A developed entity of information realized through KNN forms in to the shape of a knowledge cone.
The Miiller-Lyer Illusion as a Tool for Schizophrenia Screening

The perceptual deficit hypothesis for schizophrenia is based on more general models of normal human visual perception, which have traditionally postulated that objects must compete for attention and processing space in the visual system. Recent evidence suggests that susceptibility of schizophrenics to the Müller-Lyer (ML) illusion may be a marker of vulnerability, detectable in prodromic patients, but disappearing with the progression of the illness. This illusion consists of overestimating the length of a straight line with converging arrowheads at the ends, while underestimating those with diverging arrowheads. Although the ML illusion has been shown to occur in touch as well as vision, it is not known whether abnormal contextual suppression extends to other sensory modalities in schizophrenics. Another challenge consists in verifying whether different visual parameters of the illusion which favor the magnocellular and parvocellular systems would have diverse ML illusion effects in schizophrenia. In this review we present data showing the degree of illusion in capuchin monkeys (Cebus spp.), a possible animal model for schizophrenia. To this end, a computer program was developed to conduct experiments in humans and non-human primates, allowing the display of illusory figures, manipulation of the stimuli's exposure time, interval between stimuli and number of trials. In the non-primate experiments, the visual illusion test based on achromatic ML illusion figures indicated the presence of the ML illusory effect in 10 capuchin monkeys. These results suggest that Cebus might be a good model for the experimental study of schizophrenia.
NONCODEv4: exploring the world of long non-coding RNA genes

NONCODE (http://www.bioinfo.org/noncode/) is an integrated knowledge database dedicated to non-coding RNAs (excluding tRNAs and rRNAs). Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been implied in diseases and identified to play important roles in various biological processes. Since NONCODE version 3.0 was released 2 years ago, discovery of novel ncRNAs has been promoted by high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). In this update of NONCODE, we expand the ncRNA data set by collection of newly identified ncRNAs from literature published in the last 2 years and integration of the latest version of RefSeq and Ensembl. Particularly, the number of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has increased sharply from 73 327 to 210 831. Owing to similar alternative splicing pattern to mRNAs, the concept of lncRNA genes was put forward to help systematic understanding of lncRNAs. The 56 018 and 46 475 lncRNA genes were generated from 95 135 and 67 628 lncRNAs for human and mouse, respectively. Additionally, we present expression profile of lncRNA genes by graphs based on public RNA-seq data for human and mouse, as well as predict functions of these lncRNA genes. The improvements brought to the database also include an incorporation of an ID conversion tool from RefSeq or Ensembl ID to NONCODE ID and a service of lncRNA identification. NONCODE is also accessible through http://www.noncode. org/.
Actors and Observers Revisited: Correspondence Bias, Counterfactual Surprise, and Discounting in Successive Judgments of Constrained Behavior

In two experiments we examined first, whether observers given information about a film actor's personality would infer correspondent dispositions from a role he played in a film, and second, the impact these judgments have on subsequent dispositional judgments made from constrained behavior of different targets. In both experiments, observers received a fictitious description of the primary actor as either interpersonally warm and sensitive or interpersonally cold and callous. Observers then watched one of two clips—depicting the primary actor playing a role that was either congruent or incongruent with the description they had received—taken from his films. Finally, observers rated the primary actor's true personality. Results showed that observers who watched a congruent film clip provided significantly more extreme correspondent dispositional ratings than did subjects who saw an incongruent clip. Following the ratings of the primary actor, all observers watched other targets engaged in constrained beha.
Music Psychology in Education by Susan Hallam. London: Institute of Education, University of London, 2006. 281 pp, £17.99, paperback. ISBN 0854737162

have a positive impact on young people but, in the case of the young people involved in this project, the actual process itself. The increase in their self-esteem proceeds not just from the success of the lessons but also from their relationship with the researchers and teachers on something approaching equal footing. They take full part in deciding both the focus of the learning and the teaching strategies to be employed. The researchers and supporting teachers from the departments give no ground to the ages and relative inexperience of the young teachers. One is struck by how the demands made upon the students in terms of the concepts and ideas they are asked to engage with, and the autonomy they are granted, are similar to those of adults on initial teacher training courses. That they are able to cope with these demands is clear both through the quality of their teaching (based on feedback from pupils) and the depth of their reflections. In the pupils’ analysis of the teaching of the students there is much to learn about what children consider to be good teaching. It is clear that all the teachers directly involved in the project provided a supportive and secure context for the student teachers. It is also clear that, for many, being involved in the project had a significant impact on their own practice, particularly in terms of reconceptualising their relationship with their classes. The music teacher speaks memorably of how his involvement in the project had caused him to reassess his relationship with the pupils from that of himself as ‘the artist, the resource, the live music maker’ to one where he sees ‘the whole class as a resource. Each class is a dynamic resource’ (p. 71). This is a stimulating and inspiring book which I thoroughly recommend. It says more about the potential of the arts to have a positive influence on the wider learning of young people than any over-hyped ‘Mozart effect’.
Using the theory of planned behavior to predict the condom use intentions of college athletes

College athletes are considered to be a high sexual-risk group, as they use condoms less consistently (Wetherill & Fromme, 2007). The current study explored college athletes' intentions to use condoms within the framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 2002). The sample consisted of 55 sexually experienced college athletes who completed an anonymous online questionnaire. College athletes' attitudes toward condoms' effectiveness in preventing HIV/STI infection, perceptions of support for condom use from important others, and perceived control over the decision to use condoms significantly predicted condom use intentions and explained 34% of the variance in intentions. When receipt of pregnancy prevention information from their university was taken into consideration, the model explained 46% of the variance in athletes' condom use intentions. Overall, college athletes in this study had strong intentions to use condoms every time they had sex. This abstract of 139 words is approved as to form and content. ~71 Jannette Berkley-Patton, Ph.D. (/ Assistant Professor Department of Psychology ii The undersigned, appointed by the Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, have examined a thesis titled "Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict the Condom Use Intentions of College Athletes," presented by Erin W. Moore, candidate for the Master of Arts degree, and hereby certify that in their opinion it is worthy of acceptance. Jafinette Berkley-Patton, Ph.D. Date department of Psychology £LU0~@-*-P j23 ^ /O Linda Garavaliaf'Ph.D. Date Department of Psychology Kafthy Gbg^in, PLDKtf Date Department of Psychology
Synchronized trigonometric S-Curve trajectory for jerk-Bounded Time-Optimal pick and Place Operation

Abstract Industrial robots are predominately used in point-to-point applica-tions such as machine loading and unloading and spot welding. Asmooth and time-optimal trajectory of robot is essential for precisehandling applications. Lot of jerk-limited motion proﬁles are pro-posed in the literature and are classiﬁed under two approaches. Inthe ﬁrst approach, the motion proﬁles are generated using prede-ﬁned intermediate points called knot or control points which arespeciﬁedbytheuserforitsinterpolation. S-curvemotionisanotherapproach for jerk-limited motion. This paper presents an approachto generate a new synchronized jerk-bounded trigonometric S-curvetrajectory for 6 DOF robotic manipulator that has the followingfeatures: acceleration and deceleration phases follow a sine waveform of jerk proﬁle; each phase (acceleration, constant velocity anddeceleration) of motion of all the “n joints start and end at thesame time instant (synchronized motion of the “n joints). The re-sultsofnumericalillustrationsshowthatproposedtrajectoryabletogenerate synchronized, smooth trajectory with minimum executiontime and much lesser jerk values when compared with spline-basedtrajectorieswhicharefound in literatures.
NetCDF: an interface for scientific data access

The network common data form (NetCDF), a data abstraction for storing and retrieving multidimensional data, is described. NetCDF is distributed as a software library that provides a concrete implementation of that abstraction. The implementation provides a machine-independent format for representing scientific data. Together, the abstraction, library, and data format support the creation, access, and sharing of scientific information. NetCDF is useful for supporting objects that contain dissimilar kinds of data in a heterogeneous network environment and for writing application software that does not depend on application-specific formats. Independence from particular machine representations is achieved by using a nonproprietary standard for external data representation. The discussion covers NetCDF data abstraction and interface; dimensions, variables, and attributes; direct access and hyperslab access, the NetCDF library; the data format; ncdump and ncgen utilities; experience, usability, and performance; limitations of NetCDF; and future plans. <<ETX>>
DDT Administered to Neonatal Rats Induces Persistent Estrus Syndrome

In the report "DDT administered to neonatal rats induces persistent estrus syndrome" by W. L. Heinrichs et al. (13 Aug., p. 642), line 4 in the last paragraph of column 1, page 643, should read " secretion of luteinizing hormone(LH). "