Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of High Power Density and High Efficiency Wound-Field Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicle Traction

This paper deals with a design method to improve the power density and energy efficiency of a wound-field synchronous motor (WFSM) using hairpin type rectangular wire for electric vehicle traction. First, the prototype is analyzed via experiments to come up with plans to improve it. In addition, mechanical loss of the prototype including the bearing and brush friction losses is obtained and used for designing the improved motor. After then, an analytical approach is presented for the magnetic circuit design to minimize magnetic resistance in the motor core. Also, the analytical methods are proposed to predict the resistance of the field and armature windings. At this step, rectangular wire is considered for the armature winding to reduce the copper loss. Moreover, the calculation process is presented to estimate the iron loss considering harmonics. The performances such as power density and efficiency of the improved WFSM are analyzed and compared with those of the prototype. In addition, the energy efficiency of the motors in the new European drive cycle (NEDC) is analyzed. Finally, the performances of the improved WFSM are compared with the experimental results to verify the validity of the proposed design process.
A Practical Collision-Based Power Analysis on RSA Prime Generation and Its Countermeasure

We analyze the security of RSA prime generation implemented on embedded devices by a practical power analysis attack. Unlike previous differential power analysis-based attack on primality tests of RSA prime generation exploiting the deterministic relationship among multiple prime candidates manipulated by consecutive primality tests, we propose a collision-based power analysis attack on the Miller–Rabin test for a single prime candidate which can recover the secret prime with a single attempt by exploiting collision characteristics of simple power analysis resistant modular exponentiation algorithms. Hence, our attack does not require the incremental prime search assumption and is applicable when countermeasures against previous attacks are deployed since it also does not require the assumption of trial divisions with small primes on prime candidates. For a realistic setting, where five 512-bit modular exponentiations are operated on an ARM Cortex-M4 microcontroller as recommended by FIPS 186–4 standard, we successfully recover the secret exponent to an extent that a feasible exhaustive search is needed for the full recovery of the secret prime. This is a first practical result of recovering a full secret of modular exponentiation which manipulates 512-bit RSA primitives with collision-based power analysis in a single attempt, where the previous attack demonstrates the result for 192-bit ECC primitive implementations. We also present a countermeasure against our attack which requires only one additional modular subtraction for the loop of square-and-multiply-always exponentiation algorithm. An experimental result for the effectiveness of our proposed countermeasure is presented.
An Enhanced MLSCR Structure Suitable for ESD Protection in Advanced Epitaxial CMOS Technology

In this paper, an enhanced modified lateral silicon-controlled rectifier (EMLSCR) has been proposed and demonstrated. Compared with the traditional MLSCR, the EMLSCR possesses a lower trigger voltage of 7.0 V as well as a higher robustness, making it very suitable for the electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection for 2.5-V/3.3-V/5-V IOs in the advanced 65-nm epitaxial CMOS technology. Additionally, an improved transmission line pulsing (TLP) measurement strategy by adopting TLP pulses with various rise time has been put forward to provide a convenient and economical approach to explore the conduction uniformity of the ESD device for the first time. Furthermore, two optimization methods are proposed and evaluated to overcome the prefailure issue due to the small well resistance inherited in the EPI process as well. The method of well pickup segmentation is demonstrated to be more efficient since it could increase the well resistance and augment the effective emitter area of parasitic bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) under constant device area.
Establishment and characterization of a prostate cancer cell line from a prostatectomy specimen for the study of cellular interaction

Though human prostate cancer (PCa) heterogeneity can best be studied using multiple cell types isolated from clinical specimens, the difficulty of establishing cell lines from clinical tumors has hampered this approach. In this proof‐of‐concept study, we established a human PCa cell line from a prostatectomy surgical specimen without the need for retroviral transduction. In a previous report, we characterized the stromal cells derived from PCa specimens. Here, we characterized the epithelial cells isolated from the same tumors. Compared to the ease of establishing prostate stromal cell lines, prostatic epithelial cell lines are challenging. From three matched pairs of normal and tumor tissues, we established one new PCa cell line, HPE‐15. We confirmed the origin of HPE‐15 cells by short tandem repeat microsatellite polymorphism analysis. HPE‐15 cells are androgen‐insensitive and express marginal androgen receptor, prostate‐specific antigen and prostate‐specific membrane antigen proteins. HPE‐15 expresses luminal epithelial markers of E‐cadherin and cytokeratin 18, basal cell markers of cytokeratin 5 and p63 and neuroendocrine marker of chromogranin A. Interestingly, HPE‐15 Cells exhibited no tumorigenicity in different strains of immune‐deficient mice but can become tumorigenic through interaction with aggressive cancer cell types. HPE‐15 cells can thus serve as an experimental model for the study of PCa progression, metastasis and tumor cell dormancy.
Regularized Bayesian transfer learning for population-level etiological distributions

Summary Computer-coded verbal autopsy (CCVA) algorithms predict cause of death from high-dimensional family questionnaire data (verbal autopsy) of a deceased individual, which are then aggregated to generate national and regional estimates of cause-specific mortality fractions. These estimates may be inaccurate if CCVA is trained on non-local training data different from the local population of interest. This problem is a special case of transfer learning, i.e., improving classification within a target domain (e.g., a particular population) with the classifier trained in a source-domain. Most transfer learning approaches concern individual-level (e.g., a person’s) classification. Social and health scientists such as epidemiologists are often more interested with understanding etiological distributions at the population-level. The sample sizes of their data sets are typically orders of magnitude smaller than those used for common transfer learning applications like image classification, document identification, etc. We present a parsimonious hierarchical Bayesian transfer learning framework to directly estimate population-level class probabilities in a target domain, using any baseline classifier trained on source-domain, and a small labeled target-domain dataset. To address small sample sizes, we introduce a novel shrinkage prior for the transfer error rates guaranteeing that, in absence of any labeled target-domain data or when the baseline classifier is perfectly accurate, our transfer learning agrees with direct aggregation of predictions from the baseline classifier, thereby subsuming the default practice as a special case. We then extend our approach to use an ensemble of baseline classifiers producing an unified estimate. Theoretical and empirical results demonstrate how the ensemble model favors the most accurate baseline classifier. We present data analyses demonstrating the utility of our approach.
Lysosome activates AKT inducing cancer and metastasis

Hyperactivated lysosome causes cancer and induces metastasis or cancer relapse. Such activation occurs during excessive, intense, and protracted oxidative burst in the lysosome. The burst induces the formation of the constitutively active (permanently active) AKT locus generating cancer complexity and robustness. Such condition has the tendency to persist by stabilized intense signaling inducing upregulation of cell function and metabolic setup at the higher level. Most intense activator of the lysosome is the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, which activates the AKT, a critical element in lysosome control, inducing cancer development, metastatic progression, or cancer relapse. Targeting the AKT active site of hydrogen network, by redox balance change or hydrogen balance change or muon‐catalyzed fusion or laser‐induced fusion with anti‐ A. fumigatus medication converts active AKT locus into inactive element, inducing disappearance of malignant phenotype.
Median Arcuate Ligament Compression in Orthotopic Liver Transplantation: Results from a Single-Center Analysis and a European Survey Study

Median arcuate ligament compression (MALC) potentially causes arterial complications in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Here we aimed to investigate the incidence of MALC and its impact on clinical outcome after OLT. In addition, we performed an international survey among 52 European liver transplant centers to explore local protocols on the management of these patients. Data of 286 consecutive OLT recipients from a prospective database were analyzed retrospectively (05/2010-07/2017). Preoperative computed-tomography images were evaluated. Celiac axis stenosis due to MALC was found in 34 patients (12%). Intrinsic stenosis was present in 16 (6%) patients. Twenty-six patients (77%) with MALC underwent standard arterial revascularization with median arcuate ligament (MAL)-division. Patients treated for MALC had comparable baseline data and no difference was found in early- and long-term outcome compared to the rest of our cohort. Our survey found heterogeneous strategies regarding diagnosis and treatment of MALC. Only 29% of the centers reported the division of MAL in these patients as routine procedure. Even though there is no consensus on diagnosis and management of MALC among European centers, a surgical division of MAL is feasible and safe and should be considered in OLT recipients with MALC.
Integrated Stochastic Energy Management for Data Center Microgrid Considering Waste Heat Recovery

The rapidly developing data center industry results in a large amount of energy consumption. Considering its unique demand characteristics, it becomes desirable to improve its energy efficiency by reusing its waste heat. In this paper, an integrated energy management scheme is proposed to optimize the operation cost for a data center microgrid. The waste heat recovered from data center operation is optimally scheduled with other resources in the integrated energy management model to minimize the operation cost of data center microgrid. Taking the uncertain nature of renewable supply, power and heat demand into consideration, a two-stage stochastic programming model is formulated and analyzed under different test cases. The numerical study results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed integrated energy management model.
The crystal structure of dGTPase reveals the molecular basis of dGTP selectivity

Significance While cellular dNTPases display broad activity toward dNTPs (e.g., SAMHD1), Escherichia coli (Ec)-dGTPase is the only known enzyme that specifically hydrolyzes dGTP. Here, we present methods for highly efficient, fixed-target X-ray free-electron laser data collection, which is broadly applicable to multiple crystal systems including RNA polymerase II complexes, and the free Ec-dGTPase enzyme. Structures of free and bound Ec-dGTPase shed light on the mechanisms of dGTP selectivity, highlighted by a dynamic active site where conformational changes are coupled to dGTP binding. Moreover, despite no sequence homology between Ec-dGTPase and SAMHD1, both enzymes share similar active-site architectures; however, dGTPase residues at the end of the substrate-binding pocket provide dGTP specificity, while a 7-Å cleft separates SAMHD1 residues from dNTP. Deoxynucleotide triphosphohydrolases (dNTPases) play a critical role in cellular survival and DNA replication through the proper maintenance of cellular dNTP pools. While the vast majority of these enzymes display broad activity toward canonical dNTPs, such as the dNTPase SAMHD1 that blocks reverse transcription of retroviruses in macrophages by maintaining dNTP pools at low levels, Escherichia coli (Ec)-dGTPase is the only known enzyme that specifically hydrolyzes dGTP. However, the mechanism behind dGTP selectivity is unclear. Here we present the free-, ligand (dGTP)- and inhibitor (GTP)-bound structures of hexameric Ec-dGTPase, including an X-ray free-electron laser structure of the free Ec-dGTPase enzyme to 3.2 Å. To obtain this structure, we developed a method that applied UV-fluorescence microscopy, video analysis, and highly automated goniometer-based instrumentation to map and rapidly position individual crystals randomly located on fixed target holders, resulting in the highest indexing rates observed for a serial femtosecond crystallography experiment. Our structures show a highly dynamic active site where conformational changes are coupled to substrate (dGTP), but not inhibitor binding, since GTP locks dGTPase in its apo- form. Moreover, despite no sequence homology, Ec-dGTPase and SAMHD1 share similar active-site and HD motif architectures; however, Ec-dGTPase residues at the end of the substrate-binding pocket mimic Watson–Crick interactions providing guanine base specificity, while a 7-Å cleft separates SAMHD1 residues from dNTP bases, abolishing nucleotide-type discrimination. Furthermore, the structures shed light on the mechanism by which long distance binding (25 Å) of single-stranded DNA in an allosteric site primes the active site by conformationally “opening” a tyrosine gate allowing enhanced substrate binding.
CaDHN5, a Dehydrin Gene from Pepper, Plays an Important Role in Salt and Osmotic Stress Responses

Dehydrins (DHNs), as a sub-family of group two late embryogenesis-abundant (LEA) proteins, have attracted considerable interest owing to their functions in enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Our previous study showed that the expression of CaDHN5 (a dehydrin gene from pepper) is strongly induced by salt and osmotic stresses, but its function was not clear. To understand the function of CaDHN5 in the abiotic stress responses, we produced pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants, in which CaDHN5 expression was down-regulated using VIGS (Virus-induced Gene Silencing), and transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing CaDHN5. We found that knock-down of CaDHN5 suppressed the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and peroxidase (POD) genes. These changes caused more reactive oxygen species accumulation in the VIGS lines than control pepper plants under stress conditions. CaDHN5-overexpressing plants exhibited enhanced tolerance to salt and osmotic stresses as compared to the wild type and also showed increased expression of salt and osmotic stress-related genes. Interestingly, our results showed that many salt-related genes were upregulated in our transgenic Arabidopsis lines under salt or osmotic stress. Taken together, our results suggest that CaDHN5 functions as a positive regulator in the salt and osmotic stress signaling pathways.
A physicist’s guide to explicit summation formulas involving zeros of Bessel functions and related spectral sums

In this pedagogical review, we summarize the mathematical basis and practical hints for the explicit analytical computation of spectral sums that involve the eigenvalues of the Laplace operator in simple domains such as [Formula: see text]-dimensional balls (with [Formula: see text]), an annulus, a spherical shell, right circular cylinders, rectangles and rectangular cuboids. Such sums appear as spectral expansions of heat kernels, survival probabilities, first-passage time densities, and reaction rates in many diffusion-oriented applications. As the eigenvalues are determined by zeros of an appropriate linear combination of a Bessel function and its derivative, there are powerful analytical tools for computing such spectral sums. We discuss three main strategies: representations of meromorphic functions as sums of partial fractions, Fourier–Bessel and Dini series, and direct evaluation of the Laplace-transformed heat kernels. The major emphasis is put on a pedagogic introduction, the practical aspects of these strategies, their advantages and limitations. The review gathers many summation formulas for spectral sums that are dispersed in the literature.
Human skin long noncoding RNA WAKMAR1 regulates wound healing by enhancing keratinocyte migration

Significance Although constituting the majority of the transcriptional output of the human genome, the functional importance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) has only recently been recognized. The role of lncRNAs in wound healing is virtually unknown. Our study focused on a skin-specific lncRNA, termed “wound and keratinocyte migration-associated lncRNA 1” (WAKMAR1), which is down-regulated in wound-edge keratinocytes of human chronic nonhealing wounds compared with normal wounds under reepithelialization. We identified WAKMAR1 as being critical for keratinocyte migration and its deficiency as impairing wound reepithelialization. Mechanistically, WAKMAR1 interacts with DNA methyltransferases and interferes with the promoter methylation of the E2F1 gene, which is a key transcription factor controlling a network of migratory genes. This line of evidence demonstrates that lncRNAs play an essential role in human skin wound healing. An increasing number of studies reveal the importance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in gene expression control underlying many physiological and pathological processes. However, their role in skin wound healing remains poorly understood. Our study focused on a skin-specific lncRNA, LOC105372576, whose expression was increased during physiological wound healing. In human nonhealing wounds, however, its level was significantly lower compared with normal wounds under reepithelialization. We characterized LOC105372576 as a nuclear-localized, RNAPII-transcribed, and polyadenylated lncRNA. In keratinocytes, its expression was induced by TGF-β signaling. Knockdown of LOC105372576 and activation of its endogenous transcription, respectively, reduced and increased the motility of keratinocytes and reepithelialization of human ex vivo skin wounds. Therefore, LOC105372576 was termed “wound and keratinocyte migration-associated lncRNA 1” (WAKMAR1). Further study revealed that WAKMAR1 regulated a network of protein-coding genes important for cell migration, most of which were under the control of transcription factor E2F1. Mechanistically, WAKMAR1 enhanced E2F1 expression by interfering with E2F1 promoter methylation through the sequestration of DNA methyltransferases. Collectively, we have identified a lncRNA important for keratinocyte migration, whose deficiency may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic wounds.
The role of chain pharmacies to promote healthy food retail: Current trends, legal limits, and policy opportunities

Abstract Chain drug stores have increased their health care role through expanded pharmacy services and retail health clinics. They also are major food retailers. This creates a tension between health promotion and sales of unhealthy foods and beverages to pharmacy customers. This article explores opportunities to improve the nutritional quality of foods sold at chain drug stores that differ from general healthy food retail approaches. It considers the legal limits on marketing to pharmacy customers; the potential roles of health insurers, pharmacy benefit managers and retail health clinics to voluntarily improve food offerings; and formal policymaking legal considerations and approaches.
Ultrasound segmentation using U-Net: learning from simulated data and testing on real data

Segmentation of ultrasound images is an essential task in both diagnosis and image-guided interventions given the ease-of-use and low cost of this imaging modality. As manual segmentation is tedious and time consuming, a growing body of research has focused on the development of automatic segmentation algorithms. Deep learning algorithms have shown remarkable achievements in this regard; however, they need large training datasets. Unfortunately, preparing large labeled datasets in ultrasound images is prohibitively difficult. Therefore, in this study, we propose the use of simulated ultrasound (US) images for training the U-Net deep learning segmentation architecture and test on tissue-mimicking phantom data collected by an ultrasound machine. We demonstrate that the trained architecture on the simulated data is transferrable to real data, and therefore, simulated data can be considered as an alternative training dataset when real datasets are not available. The second contribution of this paper is that we train our U-Net network on envelope and B-mode images of the simulated dataset, and test the trained network on real envelope and B-mode images of phantom, respectively. We show that test results are superior for the envelope data compared to B-mode image.
Genetic analysis of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi isolated from horses imported into Japan

Strangles is a commonly diagnosed and important infectious disease of equids worldwide, caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. equi. We determined the SeM genotypes of S. equi isolated from imported horses at the Japanese border within the past 8 years, which allowed us to classify 12 strains isolated from these horses from each exporter into four allelic groups. These alleles were different from the alleles of past isolates found in Japan. Furthermore, four strains classified into the same allele were isolated from horses from one exporter over several years. In this study, S. equi isolates from different exporters had different SeM alleles. Attention to the hygiene status of farms will be necessary to prevent the incursion of strangles.
Adults with autism are less proficient in identifying biological motion actions portrayed with point‐light displays

Abstract Background Whether individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have impairments with biological motion perception has been debated. The present study examined the ability to identify point‐light‐displayed (PLD) human actions in neurotypical (NT) adults and adults with ASD. Method Twenty‐seven adults with ASD (mean age = 28.36) and 30 NT adults (mean age = 22.45) were tested. Both groups viewed 10 different biological motion actions contacting an object/tool and 10 without making contact. Each action was presented twice, and participant's naming responses and reaction times were recorded. Results The ASD group had a significantly lower total number of correct items (M = 29.30 ± 5.08 out of 40) and longer response time (M = 4550 ± 1442 ms) than NT group (M = 32.77 ± 2.78; M = 3556 ± 1148 ms). Both groups were better at naming the actions without objects (ASD group: 17.33 ± 2.30, NT group: 18.67 ± 1.30) than those with objects (ASD group: 11.96 ± 3.57, NT group: 14.10 ± 1.97). Correlation analyses showed that individuals with higher Autism‐spectrum Quotient scale scores tended to make more errors and responded more slowly. Conclusion Adults with ASD were able to identify human point‐light display biological motion actions much better than chance; however, they were less proficient compared with NT adults in terms of accuracy and speed, regardless of action type.