Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combinatorial Clustering and the Beta Negative Binomial Process

We develop a Bayesian nonparametric approach to a general family of latent class problems in which individuals can belong simultaneously to multiple classes and where each class can be exhibited multiple times by an individual. We introduce a combinatorial stochastic process known as the <italic>negative binomial process</italic> (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${\rm NBP}$</tex-math><alternatives><graphic position="float" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="broderick-ieq1-2318721.gif"/></alternatives> </inline-formula>) as an infinite-dimensional prior appropriate for such problems. We show that the <inline-formula> <tex-math>${\rm NBP}$</tex-math><alternatives><graphic position="float" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="broderick-ieq2-2318721.gif"/></alternatives> </inline-formula> is conjugate to the beta process, and we characterize the posterior distribution under the beta-negative binomial process (<inline-formula><tex-math>${\rm BNBP}$</tex-math><alternatives> <graphic position="float" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="broderick-ieq3-2318721.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>) and hierarchical models based on the <inline-formula><tex-math>${\rm BNBP}$</tex-math><alternatives><graphic position="float" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="broderick-ieq4-2318721.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula> (the <inline-formula><tex-math>${\rm HBNBP}$</tex-math><alternatives> <graphic position="float" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="broderick-ieq5-2318721.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>). We study the asymptotic properties of the <inline-formula><tex-math>${\rm BNBP}$</tex-math><alternatives> <graphic position="float" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="broderick-ieq6-2318721.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> and develop a three-parameter extension of the <inline-formula><tex-math>${\rm BNBP}$</tex-math><alternatives> <graphic position="float" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="broderick-ieq7-2318721.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> that exhibits power-law behavior. We derive MCMC algorithms for posterior inference under the <inline-formula><tex-math>${\rm HBNBP}$</tex-math> <alternatives><graphic position="float" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="broderick-ieq8-2318721.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, and we present experiments using these algorithms in the domains of image segmentation, object recognition, and document analysis.
PASER: Secure and Efficient Routing Approach for Airborne Mesh Networks

Low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) combined with WLAN mesh networks (WMNs) have facilitated the emergence of airborne network-assisted applications. In disaster relief, they are key solutions for (1) on-demand ubiquitous network access and (2) efficient exploration of sized areas. Nevertheless, these solutions still face major security challenges as WMNs are prone to routing attacks. Consequently, the network can be sabotaged, and the attacker might manipulate payload data or even hijack the UAVs. Contemporary security standards, such as the IEEE 802.11i and the security mechanisms of the IEEE 802.11s mesh standard, are vulnerable to routing attacks as we experimentally showed in previous works. Therefore, a secure routing protocol is indispensable for making feasible the deployment of UAV-WMN. As far as we know, none of the existing research approaches have gained acceptance in practice due to their high overhead or strong assumptions. Here, we present the position-aware, secure, and efficient mesh routing approach (PASER). Our proposal prevents more attacks than the IEEE 802.11sΓi security mechanisms and the well-known, secure routing protocol ARAN, without making restrictive assumptions. In realistic UAV-WMN scenarios, PASER achieves similar performance results as the well-established, nonsecure routing protocol HWMP combined with the IEEE 802.11s security mechanisms.
Recovering Planned Trajectories in Robotic Rehabilitation Therapies under the Effect of Disturbances

Robotic rehabilitation is an emerging technology in the field of Neurorehabilitation, which aims to achieve an effective patient recovery. This research focusses on the control strategy for an assistive exoskeleton aiming to reduce the effects of disturbances on planned trajectories during rehabilitation therapies. Disturbances are mostly caused by muscle synergies or by unpredictable actions produced by functional electrical stimulation. The effect of these disturbances can be either assistive or resistive forces depending on the patient's movement, which increase or decrease the speed of the affected joints by forcing the control unit to act consequently. In some therapies, like gait assistance, it is also essential to maintain synchronization between joint movements, to ensure a dynamic stability. A force control approach is used for all the joints individually, while two control methods are defined to act when disturbances are detected: Cartesian position control (Cartesian level) and Variable execution speed (joint level). The trajectory to be followed by the patient is previously recorded using an active exoskeleton, H1, worn by healthy subjects. A realistic simulation model of the exoskeleton is used for testing the effect of disturbances on the particular joints and on the planned trajectory and for evaluating the performance of the two proposed control methods. The performances of the presented methods are evaluated by comparing the resulting trajectories with respect to those planned. The evaluation of the most suitable method is performed considering the following factors: stability, minimum time delay and synchronization of the joints.
Control of Extracellular Dopamine at Dendrite and Axon Terminals

Midbrain dopamine neurons release dopamine from both axons and dendrites. The mechanism underlying release at these different sites has been proposed to differ. This study used electrochemical and electrophysiological methods to compare the time course and calcium dependence of somatodendritic dopamine release in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) to that of axonal dopamine release in the dorsal striatum. The amount of dopamine released in the striatum was ∼20-fold greater than in cell body regions of the VTA or SNc. However, the calcium dependence and time to peak of the dopamine transients were similar. These results illustrate an unexpected overall similarity in the mechanisms of dopamine release in the striatum and cell body regions. To examine how diffusion regulates the time course of dopamine following release, dextran was added to the extracellular solution to slow diffusion. In the VTA, dextran slowed the rate of rise and fall of the extracellular dopamine transient as measured by fast-scan cyclic voltammetry yet did not alter the kinetics of the dopamine-dependent IPSC. Dextran failed to significantly alter the time course of the rise and fall of the dopamine transient in the striatum, suggesting a more influential role for reuptake in the striatum. The conclusion is that the time course of dopamine within the extracellular space of the VTA is dependent on both diffusion and reuptake, whereas the activation of D2 receptors on dopamine neurons is primarily limited by reuptake.
The Design of Shape from Motion Constraints

This report presents a set of representations methodologies and tools for the purpose of visualizing, analyzing and designing functional shapes in terms of constraints on motion. The core of the research is an interactive computational environment that provides an explicit visual representation of motion constraints produced by shape interactions, and a series of tools that allow for the manipulation of motion constraints and their underlying shapes for the purpose of design.
Social network size of female patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared to healthy controls.

UNLABELLED To estimate how rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the disease duration, and level of physical disability, influence the total size of patients' social network and the size of different subsets. Two hundred sixty four female patients (mean age 57 yrs) with RA of more than 6 yrs duration (mean 20 yrs) were compared to 61 healthy controls matched for sex, age, and residential area. Network size was measured by Social Network Delineation Questionnaire (SNDQ), physical disability by Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). RA patients had a significantly smaller total network compared to the healthy controls (RA: 15.8 persons; CONTROLS 18.1), mostly due to a significant difference in the subset of important others in favour of the controls (RA: 1.1; CONTROLS 2.3). There were no significant differences regarding the network size of family, friends, and neighbours. The same results remained after statistical control for sociodemographic variables. Neither disease duration nor physical disability had any significant association with network size. The interaction analysis did, however, show that non-working patients with long disease duration (> 15 yrs) had fewer important others than occupationally active patients. Furthermore, a high degree of physical disability was related to a smaller number of friends for patients > 57 yrs than for equally disabled patients below this age. Most patients with RA seem to maintain contact with the family network-members, despite the challenges connected with chronic disease.
Hecke theory and equidistribution for the quantization of linear maps of the torus

1.1. Background. One of the key issues of “Quantum Chaos” is the nature of the semiclassical limit of eigenstates of classically chaotic systems. When the classical system is given by the geodesic flow on a compact Riemannian manifoldM (or rather, on its cotangent bundle), one can formulate the problem as follows: The quantum Hamiltonian is, in suitable units, represented by the positive Laplacian − on M . To measure the distribution of its eigenstates, we start with a (smooth) classical observable, that is, a (smooth) function on the unit cotangent bundle S∗M; via some choice of quantization from symbols to pseudodifferential operators, we form its quantization Op(f ). This is a zero-order pseudodifferential operator with principal symbol f . The expectation value of Op(f ) in the eigenstate ψ is 〈Op(f )ψ,ψ〉. Letψj be a sequence of normalized eigenfunctions: ψj+λjψj = 0, ∫ M |ψj |2= 1. The problem then is to understand the possible limits as λj →∞ of the distributions f ∈ C∞(S∗M) −→ 〈Op(f )ψj ,ψj 〉. (1.1)
Overexpression of PrPc, combined with MGr1-Ag/37LRP, is predictive of poor prognosis in gastric cancer

Prion protein (PrPc) has been previously reported to be involved in gastric cancer (GC) development and progression. However, the association between expression of PrPc and GC prognosis is yet poorly characterized. In the present study, the expressions of PrPc and MGr1‐Ag/37LRP, a protein interacting with PrPc, were detected using the tissue microarray technique and immunohistochemical method to compare clinicopathological parameters of 238 GC patients. We found that the expressions of PrPc and MGr1‐Ag/37LRP were upregulated in GC lesions compared with their expressions in adjacent noncancerous tissues (p < 0.01). High expression of PrPc was detected in 37.39% (89/238) of GC patients and positively correlated with the expression of MGr1‐Ag/37LRP (r = 0.532, p < 0.001). PrPc expression was associated with a number of clinicopathological parameters including depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis of the tumor (p < 0.001). High expression of PrPc brought a poorer prognosis than low PrPc expression. Moreover, GC patients with high level of PrPc and high level of MGr1‐Ag/37LRP had the poorest prognosis. Multivariate survival analysis suggested that, along with other parameters, combined expression of PrPc and MGr1‐Ag/37LRP was independent prognostic factors for GC patients. These data indicates that overexpression of PrPc, combined with MGr1‐Ag/37LRP, is predictive of poor prognosis in GC and thereby could be used to guide the clinical decision.
Modeling and simulation of switchings in ferroelectric liquid crystals

Mathematical modeling and numerical simulation of smectic C liquid crystals which possess the spontaneous polarization are considered in this paper. In particular, the model allows for a system with a zero net polarization which is one of the ubiquitous systems of the polarized liquid crystals. Theoretical and numerical investigations are conducted to study effects of the energy associated with the polarization, switching patterns between two uniform states by an externally applied field and random noise, as well as a relation between polarization and applied field near the phase transition from the smectic A and smectic C.
Haptic Simulator for Liver Diagnostics through Palpation

Mechanical properties of biological tissue for both histological and pathological considerations are often required in disease diagnostics. Such properties can be simulated and explored with haptic technology. Development of cost effective haptic-based simulators and their introduction in the minimally invasive surgery learning cycle is still in its infancy. Receiving pre-training in a core set of surgical skills can reduce skill acquisition time and risks. We present the development of a visuo-haptic simulator module designed to train internal organs disease diagnostics through palpation. The module is part of a set of tools designed to train and improve basic surgical skills for minimally invasive surgery.
Marriage decision making, spousal communication, and reproductive health among married youth in Pakistan

Abstract Background: Married young women’s reproductive needs are a challenge in traditional Pakistani society. The decisions regarding family planning and pregnancy are controlled by the family, often involving complex negotiations. The current study was undertaken to explore how young married women’s involvement in the arrangements surrounding their marriage is associated with their ability to negotiate sexual and reproductive health decisions in marriage. Objective: The study explores the associations between young women’s involvement in their marriage arrangements and their ability to negotiate for contraceptive use and fertility decisions. Methodology: A subset of 1,803 married young women aged 15–24 years was drawn from a nationally representative adolescent and youth survey conducted in Pakistan in 2001–2002 by the Population Council. Regression models were fitted to outcomes: reported agreement with spouse on the number of children to have, current use of contraceptives, intention to use contraceptives in the future, and the time elapsed between marriage and first contraceptive use. Key covariates of interest were variables that measure the involvement of young women in their marriage: (a) having a say in selection of spouse, (b) having met him prior to marriage, and (c) whether he was related to respondent’s family. Other factors explored were respondents’ mobility outside of household, social role, and decision making in their homes. Results: Having a say in the selection of a spouse was significantly associated with agreement with spouse over number of children to have, intention to use contraceptives, and the time between marriage and first contraceptive use. These relationships existed after controlling for education, socioeconomic status, mobility outside of house, and decision making in the home. Discussion: Women who had decision-making freedom in their parental home carried this ability with them into marriage in their new home and were better able to negotiate about their fertility.
Accurate Balance of the Polarity Kinase MARK2/Par-1 Is Required for Proper Cortical Neuronal Migration

Radial neuronal migration is key in structuring the layered cortex. Here we studied the role of MARK2/Par-1 in this process. The dual name stands for the MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 2 (MARK2) and the known polarity kinase 1 (Par-1). Reduced MARK2 levels using in utero electroporation resulted in multipolar neurons stalled at the intermediate zone border. Reintroduction of the wild-type kinase postmitotically improved neuronal migration. Our results indicated that reduction in MARK2 affected centrosomal dynamics in migrating neurons of the cerebral cortex. Increased MARK2 has been shown to destabilize microtubules, and here we show for the first time that reduced MARK2 stabilized microtubules in primary cultured neurons. Kinase-independent activity permitted multipolar-to-bipolar transition but did not restore proper migration. Increased MARK2 levels resulted in a different phenotype, which is loss of neuronal polarity. MARK2 kinase activity reduction hindered migration in the developing brain, which was rescued by increasing kinase activity. Our results stress the necessity of maintaining dynamic microtubules for proper neuronal migration. Furthermore, the exact requirements for MARK2 and its kinase activity vary during the course of neuronal migration. Collectively, our results stress the requirements for the different roles of MARK2 during neuronal migration.
X-ray emission from classical and recurrent-novae observed with ROSAT

We have analysed 350 pointed and serendipitous observations of 108 different classical and recurrent novae in outburst and in quiescence, contained in the ROSAT archive. One aim was to search for super-soft X-ray sources and we found only 3 of them among post-novae. Thus, the super-soft X-ray phase of novae is relatively short lived (up to 10 years) and is observed only for up to 20% of novae. Most classical and recurrent novae instead emit hard X-rays (in the ROSAT band) in the first months after the outburst, with peak X-ray luminosity of a few times 10(33) erg/s. The emission, which we attribute to shocks in the nova ejecta, lasts at least 2 years and even much longer under special circumstances (like preexisting circumstellar material, or a prolonged wind phase). We also investigate X-ray emission due to accretion in quiescent novae. Only 11 out of 81 Galactic classical and recurrent novae were detected. The average X-ray uminosity is not higher than for dwarf novae, and some novae are variable in X-rays on time scales of years.
Spatial modulation based on reconfigurable antennas — A new air interface for the IoT

The emerging market of the Internet of Things (IoT) requires new energy-efficient and low-complexity Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO-) aided radio access technologies. This trend will have a profound impact on both the theory and practice of future communication networks, which will not be purely optimized for approaching the attainable capacity anymore, but will explicitly include the energy efficiency for the design and optimization of the entire protocol stack. In this paper, we discuss a recently introduced modulation scheme for IoT applications, which leverages the concepts of Reconfigurable Antennas (RecAnts) and Spatial Modulation (SM). RecAnt-SM constitutes a promising new air interface in the context of MIMO-aided transmission, which can be beneficially invoked for the design of medium-throughput, low-complexity and energy-efficient communication systems by relying on a limited number of RF chains and the flexibility of simple RecAnt designs.
Nonholomorphic corrections from three-branes in F theory

We construct solutions of type IIB supergravity corresponding to 7 branes, an O7 plane and 3 branes. By considering a probe moving in this background, with constant coupling and an AdS5 component in its geometry, we are able to reproduce the exact low energy effective action for N = 2 super Yang-Mills theory with gauge group SU(2) and Nf = 4 massless flavors. After turning on a mass for the flavors we find corrections to the AdS5 geometry. In addition, the coupling shows a power law dependence on the energy scale of the theory. The origin of the power law behaviour of the coupling is traced back to instanton corrections. Instanton corrections to the four derivative terms in the low energy effective action are correctly obtained from a probe analysis. We study how these instanton corrections are reflected in the background geometry by calculating the quark-antiquark potential. Finally we consider a solution corresponding to an asymptotically free field theory. Again, the leading form of the four derivative terms in the low energy effective action are in complete agreement with field theory expectations.
ARIS MashZone KPI visualisation of simulated routing protocol operations for smart dust environments

Recent history showed that world needs more mobility, smaller mobile devices, and if possible mobile devices which have multiple sensors. Wireless ad-hoc sensor network technology in 1997 by K. Pister called Smart Dust is on implementation of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) and wireless sensor network (WSN) which might be a solution for future applications. Smart Dust is a network which contains tiny sensor nodes called motes which are able to, use sensors to collects data, to communicate with each other and transfer collected data. While Smart Dust components have relatively high price (WSN classroom Kit starts at 6000 $) commercially available, they are still not in wide usage as education assets at universities because of their price, and due to technology changes. In this paper are presented simulated operation performances of three wireless ad-hoc routing protocols: AODV, DSDV, and OLSR (using NS-3 simulator) which can be used for Smart Dust applications. We used previous research results to recreate similar results of simulated AODV, DSDV, and OLSR and we their Key Performance Indicators (KPI) them with Aris MashZone. Aris MashZone allows easy KPI interpretation and represents them in Dash board as soon as data become available by quick filter adjustments.
Information-theoretic criteria for unit selection synthesis

In our recent work on concatenative speech synthesis, we have devised an efficient, graph-based search to perform unit selection given symbolic information. By encapsulating concatenation and substitution costs defined at the class level, the graph expands only linearly with respect to corpus size. To date, these costs were manually tuned over pre-specified classes, which was a knowledgeintensive engineering process. In this research paper, we turn to information-theoretic metrics for automatically learning the costs from data. These costs can be analyzed in a minimum description length (MDL) framework. The performance of these automatically determined weights is compared against that of manually tuned weights in a perceptual evaluation.