Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Flux‐Scaling scenario: De sitter uplift and axion inflation

Non‐geometric flux‐scaling vacua provide promising starting points to realize axion monodromy inflation via the F‐term scalar potential. We show that these vacua can be uplifted to Minkowski and de Sitter by adding an D3¯ ‐brane or a D‐term containing geometric and non‐geometric fluxes. These uplifted non‐supersymmetric models are analyzed with respect to their potential to realize axion monodromy inflation self‐consistently. Admitting rational values of the fluxes, we construct examples with the required hierarchy of mass scales.
Structured Static Output Feedback Mixed ${H}_2/{H}_\infty $ Control for Linear Control Systems

This note considers the design of static output feedback mixed ${H}_2/{H}_\infty $ controllers for linear control systems with certain equality and inequality constraints imposed directly on the feedback matrix. Based on the barrier method, we solve an auxiliary minimization problem to obtain an approximate solution to the original nonconvex-constrained optimization problem. The necessary conditions for the optimal solution of the auxiliary minimization problem are derived using the Lagrange multiplier method. Subsequently, an iterative steepest descent algorithm is developed to find an approximate optimal solution. Finally, an example is provided to validate the proposed approach.
Investigation of water desalination/purification with molecular dynamics and machine learning techniques

This paper incorporates a number of parameters, such as nanopore size, wall wettability, and electric field strength, to assess their effect on ion removal from nanochannels filled with water. Molecular dynamics simulations are incorporated to monitor the process and a numerical database is created with the results. We show that the movement of ions in water nanochannels under the effect of an electric field is multifactorial. Potential energy regions of various strength are formed inside the nanochannel, and ions are either drifted to the walls and rejected from the solution or form clusters that are trapped inside low potential energy regions. Further computational investigation is made with the incorporation of machine learning techniques that suggest an alternative path to predict the water/ion solution properties. Our test procedure here involves the calculation of diffusion coefficient values and the incorporation of four ML algorithms, for comparison reasons, which exploit MD calculated results and are trained to predict the diffusion coefficient values in cases where no simulation data exist. This two-fold computational approach constitutes a fast and accurate solution that could be adjusted to similar ion separation models for property extraction.
Observation of the decay $B_s^0\to J/\psi\eta$ and Evidence for $B_s^0\to J/\psi\eta'$

We report the first observation of $B_s^0\to J/\psi\eta$ and evidence for $B_s^0\to J/\psi\eta'$. These results are obtained from $23.6 \mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ of data collected at the $\Upsilon(5S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB $e^+e^-$ collider. We measure the branching fractions $\mathcal{B}(B_s^0\to J/\psi\eta)= (3.32 \pm 0.87(\mathrm{stat.})^{+0.32}_{-0.28}(\mathrm{syst.}) \pm 0.42(f_s))\times 10^{-4}}$ with a significance of $7.3 \sigma$, and $\mathcal{B}(B_s^0\to J/\psi\eta')= (3.1 \pm 1.2(\mathrm{stat.})^{+0.5}_{-0.6}(\mathrm{syst.}) \pm 0.38(f_s))\times 10^{-4}$ with a significance of $3.8 \sigma$.
Power Delivery Solutions and PPA Impacts in Micro-Bump and Hybrid-Bonding 3D ICs

Face-to-face bonded 3D integration has been shown to provide remarkable performance and power benefits for next-generation computing systems, but power delivery remains a challenge for its applications. In this article, we design industrial-level 3D processors with robust power delivery networks based on two types of 3D integrated circuit (3D IC) fabrication processes, micro-bumping 3D and hybrid-bonding 3D. Considering various process nodes and 3D bonding pitches, we develop a hierarchical physical design flow to build 3D ICs with various power delivery configurations and quantify the impacts of 3D bonding technology on the performance and power integrity. Our experimental results show that fine-pitch hybrid-bonding 3D ICs achieve up to 76% performance improvement or 17-mV IR drop reduction compared with the micro-bump 3D counterparts. Our in-depth analyses on critical paths show that intertier metal sharing is crucial for signal interconnects and power delivery in 3D ICs. In addition, we propose a decoupling capacitance sharing approach based on metal–insulator–metal (MIM) capacitors, which effectively reduces the dynamic voltage drop in micro-bump 3D ICs by up to 77 mV.
THE GALACTIC CENSUS OF HIGH- AND MEDIUM-MASS PROTOSTARS. III. 12CO MAPS AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DENSE CLUMP ENVELOPES AND THEIR EMBEDDING GMCs

We report the second complete molecular line data release from the Census of High- and Medium-mass Protostars (CHaMP), a large-scale, unbiased, uniform mapping survey at sub-parsec resolution, of millimeter-wave line emission from 303 massive, dense molecular clumps in the Milky Way. This release is for all 12CO J = 1 0 emission associated with the dense gas, the first from Phase II of the survey, which includes 12CO, 13CO, and C18O. The observed clump emission traced by both 12CO and HCO+ (from Phase I) shows very similar morphology, indicating that, for dense molecular clouds and complexes of all sizes, parsec-scale clumps contain Ξ ∼ 75% of the mass, while only 25% of the mass lies in extended (≳10 pc) or “low density” components in these same areas. The mass fraction of all gas above a density of 109 m−3 is ≳ 50%. This suggests that parsec-scale clumps may be the basic building blocks of the molecular interstellar medium, rather than the standard GMC concept. Using 12CO emission, we derive physical properties of these clumps in their entirety, and compare them to properties from HCO+, tracing their denser interiors. We compare the standard X-factor converting to with alternative conversions, and show that only the latter give whole-clump properties that are physically consistent with those of their interiors. We infer that the clump population is systematically closer to virial equilibrium than when considering only their interiors, with perhaps half being long-lived (10s of Myr), pressure-confined entities that only terminally engage in vigorous massive star formation, supporting other evidence along these lines that was previously published.
A Retrospective Cohort Study of Women and Men Living with HIV, Attending an HIV Clinic in Australia

Objectives: To compare women with men presenting with HIV to a public health HIV clinic, to identify the special characteristics and health care needs of women living with HIV in the Barwon South West region in Victoria. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 35 women and 135 men living with HIV who attended the clinic between 2009 and 2020. Gender differences were assessed using nonparametric analyses. Results: The women were diagnosed with HIV younger than the men (mean 29.5 years vs. 36.7 years) and more were born in Africa (28.6% vs. 5.2%). More men than women presented with sexually transmittable infections (38.5% vs. 14.3%) at the time of diagnosis, and were diagnosed through a sexual health screen (37% vs. 17%). The proportions of men and women who used alcohol and other drugs (recent to their diagnosis) were similar (68.1% vs. 48.6%), and there was no difference in proportions presenting with AIDS-defining illnesses (p = 0.425), or CD4 cell count (advanced: ≤200 cells, relatively well: ≥201 cells, p = 0.241), but the women had a lower viral load (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In this study of 170 people living with HIV, nearly one-half of the men with known HIV history were diagnosed through sexual health screens, but women's HIV was mostly detected through targeted screening. Results highlight gender disparity in access to sexual health screening and assessment, including low awareness of sexual health risks for women, and endorse the view that HIV is a heterosexual sexually transmittable infection in women.
Submillimeter Array Observations of Extended CO (J = 2 − 1) Emission in the Interacting Galaxy NGC 3627

We present moderate (∼5″) and high angular resolution (∼1″) observations of 12CO (J = 2 − 1) emission toward the nearby interacting galaxy NGC 3627 taken with the Submillimeter Array (SMA). These SMA mosaic maps of NGC 3627 reveal a prominent nuclear peak, inter-arm regions, and diffuse, extended emission in the spiral arms. A velocity gradient of ∼400–450 km s−1 is seen across the entire galaxy with velocity dispersions ranging from ≲80 km s−1 toward the nuclear region to ≲15 km s−1 in the spiral arms. We also detect unresolved 13CO (J = 2 − 1) line emission toward the nuclear region, southern bar end, and in a relatively isolated clump in the southern portion of the galaxy, while no C18O(J = 2 − 1) line emission is detected at a 3σ rms noise level of 42 mJy beam−1 per 20 km s−1 channel. Using RADEX modeling with a large velocity gradient approximation, we derive kinetic temperatures ranging from ∼5 to 10 K (in the spiral arms) to ∼25 K (at the center) and H2 number densities from ∼400 to 1000 cm−3 (in the spiral arms) to ∼12,500 cm−3 (at the center). From this density modeling, we find a total H2 mass of 9.6 × 109 M⊙, which is ∼50% higher than previous estimates made using a constant H2–CO conversion factor, but is largely dependent on the assumed vertical distribution of the CO gas. With the exception of the nuclear region, we also identify a tentative correlation between star formation efficiency and kinetic temperature. We derive a galactic rotation curve, finding a peak velocity of ∼207 km s−1 and estimate a total dynamical mass of 4.94 ± 0.70 × 1010 M⊙ at a galactocentric radius of ∼6.2 kpc (121″).
A graph of dark energy significance on different spatial and mass scales

The current cosmological paradigm sees the formation and evolution of the cosmic large-scale structure as governed by the gravitational attraction of the Dark Matter (DM) and the repulsion of the Dark Energy (DE). We characterize the relative importance of uniform and constant dark energy, as given by the Lambda term in the standard LCDM cosmology, in galaxy systems of different scales, from groups to superclusters. An instructive "Lambda significance graph" is introduced where the matter-DE density ratio /rho_Lambda for different galaxy systems is plotted against the radius R. This presents gravitation and DE dominated regions and shows directly the zero velocity radius, the zero-gravity radius, and the Einstein-Straus radius for any fixed value of mass. Example galaxy groups and clusters from the local universe illustrate the use of the Lambda significance graph. These are generally located deep in the gravity-dominated region /rho_Lambda > 2, being virialized. Extended clusters and main bodies of superclusters can reach down near the border line between gravity-dominated and DE dominated regions /rho_Lambda = 2. The scale--mass relation from the standard 2-point correlation function intersects this balance line near the correlation lenght. The log /rho_Lambda vs. log R diagram is a useful and versatile way to characterize the dynamical state of systems of galaxies within the Lambda dominated expanding universe.
A Synergistic and Efficient Thrombolytic Nanoplatform: A Mechanical Method of Blasting Combined with Thrombolytic Drugs

Background and Objective Thrombosis is a common disease that poses a great threat to life and health. Most thrombolytic effects of traditional treatments or nanomedicine are not efficient or safe enough. Therefore, we designed a nanoparticle (NP) with a combination of a phase transition material and thrombolytic drugs for efficient and safe thrombolysis. Methods A thrombus fibrin-targeted and phase transition NP was designed and contained perfluorohexane (PFH) and the thrombolytic drug rtPA core, with CREKA polypeptides attached to the shell of the PLGA NPs. Characterization of the phase transition and ultrasound imaging of the NPs was carried out under low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU). LIFU-responsive drug release in vitro was also explored. Under the synergistic effect of PFH and rtPA, the efficient thrombolysis ability of the NPs was studied in vitro and in vivo. In vivo monitoring of thrombosis and biosafety were also verified. Results The PPrC NPs had good ultrasound imaging ability under LIFU irradiation and were related to the phase transition characteristics of the NPs. CREKA polypeptides can effectively increase the aggregation of the NPs on thrombi. Under static and dynamic conditions in vitro, the “liquid to gas” transformation effect of PFH can perform the destruction function of the excavator at the thrombus site and promote the specific release of rtPA, and the subsequent rtPA drug thrombolysis can further fully dissolve the thrombus. In vivo experiments showed that the NPs can monitor the formation of thrombi and have good thrombolytic effects, with significantly reduced bleeding side effects. The biochemical indexes of the rats were within normal limits after treatment. Conclusion PPrC NPs loaded with PFH and rtPA combining a mechanical way of blasting with thrombolytic drugs may be a promising new and reliable approach for thrombus monitoring and treatment.
Development and Validation of MRI-Based Radiomics Models for Diagnosing Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

Objective Radiomic modeling using multiple regions of interest in MRI of the brain to diagnose juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to develop and validate radiomics prediction models to distinguish patients with JME from healthy controls (HCs), and to evaluate the feasibility of a radiomics approach using MRI for diagnosing JME. Materials and Methods A total of 97 JME patients (25.6 ± 8.5 years; female, 45.5%) and 32 HCs (28.9 ± 11.4 years; female, 50.0%) were randomly split (7:3 ratio) into a training (n = 90) and a test set (n = 39) group. Radiomic features were extracted from 22 regions of interest in the brain using the T1-weighted MRI based on clinical evidence. Predictive models were trained using seven modeling methods, including a light gradient boosting machine, support vector classifier, random forest, logistic regression, extreme gradient boosting, gradient boosting machine, and decision tree, with radiomics features in the training set. The performance of the models was validated and compared to the test set. The model with the highest area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) was chosen, and important features in the model were identified. Results The seven tested radiomics models, including light gradient boosting machine, support vector classifier, random forest, logistic regression, extreme gradient boosting, gradient boosting machine, and decision tree, showed AUROC values of 0.817, 0.807, 0.783, 0.779, 0.767, 0.762, and 0.672, respectively. The light gradient boosting machine with the highest AUROC, albeit without statistically significant differences from the other models in pairwise comparisons, had accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores of 0.795, 0.818, 0.931, and 0.871, respectively. Radiomic features, including the putamen and ventral diencephalon, were ranked as the most important for suggesting JME. Conclusion Radiomic models using MRI were able to differentiate JME from HCs.
Electron's anomalous magnetic moment effects on laser assisted ionization of atomic hydrogen by electronic impact

Electron-impact ionization of atomic hydrogen with the electron's anomalous mag- netic moment (AMM) effects are examined. The formulas for the laser-assisted relativis- tic triple differential cross section (TDCS) in the coplanar binary geometry developed earlier by Y. Attaourti and S. Taj [Phys. Rev. A 69, 063411 (2004)] are used to check the consistency of our computations when the anomaly $\kappa$ is taken to be zero. We show that the contribution of the terms containing the AMM effects even in the first Born approximation has an important contribution, so it must be included in any reliable analysis. A full analytical calculation for the TDCS is presented.
Possible routes for synthesis of new boron-rich Fe–B and Fe1−xCrxB4 compounds

We use ab initio calculations to examine thermodynamic factors that could promote the formation of recently proposed unique oP10-FeB4 and oP12-FeB2 compounds. We demonstrate that these compact boron-rich phases are stabilized further under pressure. We also show that chromium tetraboride is more stable in the new oP10 rather than the reported oI10 structure which opens up the possibility of realizing an oP10-(FexCr1−x)B4 pseudobinary material. In addition to exhibiting remarkable electronic features, oP10-FeB4 and oP12-FeB2 are expected to be harder than the known Fe–B compounds commonly used for hard coating applications.
Asymmetry properties of pure quantum states

The asymmetry properties of a state relative to some symmetry group specify how and to what extent the given symmetry is broken by the state. Characterizing these is found to be surprisingly useful for addressing a very common problem: to determine what follows from a system's dynamics (possibly open) having that symmetry. We demonstrate and exploit the fact that the asymmetry properties of a state can be understood in terms of information-theoretic concepts. We show that for a pure state psi and a symmetry group G, they are completely specified by the characteristic function of the state, defined as chi_psi(g)= where g\in G and U is the unitary representation of interest. Based on this observation, we study several important problems about the interconversion of pure states under symmetric dynamics such as determining the conditions for reversible transformations, deterministic irreversible transformations and asymptotic transformations.
DISCOVERY OF A METER-WAVELENGTH RADIO TRANSIENT IN THE SWIRE DEEP FIELD: 1046+59

We report the results of a low frequency radio variability and slow transient search using archival observations from the Very Long Array. We selected six 325 MHz radio observations from the spring of 2006, each centered on the Spitzer-Space-Telescope Wide-area Infrared Extragalactic Survey (SWIRE) Deep Field: 1046+59. Observations were spaced between one day to three months, with a typical single-epoch peak flux sensitivity below 0.2 mJy beam−1 near the field pointing center. We describe the observation parameters, data post-processing, and search methodology used to identify variable and transient emission. Our search revealed multiple variable sources and the presence of one, day-scale transient event with no apparent astronomical counterpart. This detection implies a transient rate of 1 ± 1 event per 6.5 deg2 per 72 observing hours in the direction of 1046+59 and an isotropic transient surface density Σ = 0.12 deg−2at 95% confidence for sources with average peak flux density higher than 2.1 mJy over 12 hr.
Origin of nonthermal emission from the Fermi bubbles and mechanisms of particle acceleration there

The discovery of the two giant γ-ray lobes (Fermi bubbles) in the Galactic center (see Dobler et al. 2010 and Su et al. 2010) was one of the most impressive events of the last few years in astrophysics. However, some indications on giant structures in the Galactic center (GC) were observed several years before by WMAP in the radio frequency range between 23 and 33 MHz (Finkbeiner 2004), and by ROSAT in hard X-rays (Bland-Hawthorn & Cohen 2003). Recent observations performed by the Planck Collaboration (Ade et al. 2012) found also lobes in the microwave range which spatially coincided the Fermi bubbles that indicated on the common origin of these phenomena.
THE ARAUCARIA PROJECT: FIRST CEPHEID DISTANCE TO THE SCULPTOR GROUP GALAXY NGC 7793 FROM VARIABLES DISCOVERED IN A WIDE-FIELD IMAGING SURVEY

For the first time, we have detected Cepheid variables in the Sculptor Group spiral galaxy NGC 7793. From wide-field images obtained in the optical V and I bands on 56 nights in 2003–2005, we have discovered 17 long-period (24–62 days) Cepheids whose periods and mean magnitudes define tight period–luminosity relations. We use the (V − I) Wesenheit index to determine a reddening-free true distance modulus to NGC 7793 of 27.68 ± 0.05 mag (internal error) ± 0.08 mag (systematic error). The comparison of the reddened distance moduli in V and I with the one derived from the Wesenheit magnitude indicates that the Cepheids in NGC 7793 are affected by an average total reddening of E(B − V) = 0.08 mag, 0.06 of which is produced inside the host galaxy. As in the earlier Cepheid studies of the Araucaria Project, the reported distance is tied to an assumed LMC distance modulus of 18.50. The quoted systematic uncertainty takes into account effects like blending and possible inhomogeneous filling of the Cepheid instability strip on the derived distance. The reported distance value does not depend on the (unknown) metallicity of the Cepheids according to recent theoretical and empirical results. Our Cepheid distance is shorter, but within the errors consistent with the distance to NGC 7793 determined earlier with the TRGB and Tully–Fisher methods. The NGC 7793 distance of 3.4 Mpc is almost identical to the one our project had found for NGC 247, another spiral member of the Sculptor Group located close to NGC 7793 on the sky. Two other conspicuous spiral galaxies in the Sculptor Group, NGC 55 and NGC 300, are much nearer (1.9 Mpc), confirming the picture of a very elongated structure of the Sculptor Group in the line of sight put forward by Jerjen et al. and others.
Identification of quantitative trait loci of agronomic traits in bread wheat using a Pamyati Azieva × Paragon mapping population harvested in three regions of Kazakhstan

Background Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are an increasingly informative tool in the mining of new quantitative trait loci (QTLs), a classical biparental mapping approach is still a powerful, widely used method to search the unique genetic factors associated with important agronomic traits in bread wheat. Methods In this study, a newly constructed mapping population of Pamyati Azieva (Russian Federation) × Paragon (UK), consisting of 94 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), was tested in three different regions of Kazakhstan with the purpose of QTL identification for key agronomic traits. The RILs were tested in 11 environments of two northern breeding stations (Petropavlovsk, North Kazakhstan region, and Shortandy, Aqmola region) and one southeastern station (Almalybak, Almaty region). The following eight agronomic traits were studied: heading days, seed maturation days, plant height, spike length, number of productive spikes, number of kernels per spike, thousand kernel weight, and yield per square meter. The 94 RILs of the PAxP cross were genotyped using Illumina’s iSelect 20K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and resulted in the identification of 4595 polymorphic SNP markers. Results The application of the QTL Cartographer statistical package allowed the identification of 53 stable QTLs for the studied traits. A survey of published studies related to common wheat QTL identification suggested that 28 of those 53 QTLs were presumably novel genetic factors. The SNP markers for the identified QTLs of the analyzed agronomic traits of common wheat can be efficiently applied in ongoing breeding activities in the wheat breeding community using a marker-assisted selection approach.