Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low‐Density High‐Strength Bulk Metallic Glasses and Their Composites: A Review

This review gives an overview of the field of low‐density (<6 g cm−3) bulk metallic glasses/composites and their potential engineering and space applications. The review focuses on four systems, Al‐, Mg‐, Ca‐, and Ti‐based metallic glass‐forming systems. In the following sections, glass forming ability, mechanical properties, thermal stability, and corrosion resistance of the four metallic glass systems and their composites are presented.
A model approach to estimate Peer-to-Peer traffic matrices

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) applications have become increasingly popular in recent few years, which bring new challenges to network management and traffic engineering (TE). As basic input information, P2P traffic matrices are of significant importance for TE. Due to excessively high cost of direct measurement, a lot of studies aim at modeling and estimating general traffic matrices, but few focus on P2P traffic matrices. In this paper, we proposed a model to estimate P2P traffic matrices in networks. Important factors are considered, including the number of peers, the localization ratio of P2P traffic, and the distances among different networks. Here distance can be hop counts or geographic distance accordingly. To validate our model, we have evaluated the performance using both real P2P live steaming traces and file sharing application traces. Evaluation results show that the proposed model outperforms the other two typical models for general traffic matrices estimation, in terms of estimate errors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research on P2P traffic matrices estimation. P2P traffic matrices, derived from the model, can be applied to P2P traffic optimization and other TE fields.
Effects of neonatal infraorbital lesions upon central trigeminal primary afferent projections in rat and hamster

Transganglionic and anterograde horseradish peroxidase transport was used to evaluate the central projections of undamaged trigeminal (V) nerve branches in adult rats and hamsters subjected to transection of the infraorbital nerve and to cauterization of the vibrissae follicles at birth. In rats, deafferented regions of the V brainstem nuclear complex did not receive abnormal projections from undamaged mandibular sensory afferents. Undamaged ophthalmic‐maxillary fibers also failed to terminate heavily in the region deafferented by the neonatal infraorbital lesions.
Behavioral Effects of Social Security Policies on Benefit Claiming, Retirement and Saving

This paper specifies three behavioral variants of a structural model of retirement and saving to bring predicted Social Security claiming rates closer to the rates observed in the data. The model, estimated with Health and Retirement Study data, is used to examine three potential policies: increasing early entitlement age, increasing normal retirement age, and eliminating payroll taxes after normal retirement age. Behavioral responses to increasing early entitlement age and eliminating the payroll tax are not affected by the behavioral variant used. Predicted effects of increasing the normal retirement age exhibit more sensitivity. Heterogeneity shapes the responses to these policy changes.
Navigating the Spoken Wikipedia

The Spoken Wikipedia project unites volunteer readers of encyclopedic entries. Their recordings make encyclopedic knowledge accessible to persons who are unable to read (out of alexia, visual impairment, or because their sight is currently occupied, e. g. while driving). However, on Wikipedia, recordings are available as raw audio files that can only be consumed linearly, without the possibility for targeted navigation or search. We present a reading application which uses an alignment between the recording, text and article structure and which allows to navigate spoken articles, through a graphical or voice-based user interface (or a combination thereof). We present the results of a usability study in which we compare the two interaction modalities. We find that both types of interaction enable users to navigate articles and to find specific information much more quickly compared to a sequential presentation of the full article. In particular when the VUI is not restricted by speech recognition and understanding issues, this interface is on par with the graphical interface and thus a real option for browsing the Wikipedia without the need for vision or reading. Im Projekt gesprochene Wikipedia werden Leser vereint die auf freiwilliger Basis Enzyklopadie-Artikel vorlesen. Die dabei entstehenden Aufnahmen machen das Wissen der Enzyklopadie fur Leser, die nicht in der Lage sind zu lesen (z.B. Aufgrund von Alexie, Sehbeeintrachtigungen oder einfach weil sich ihre Augen gerade mit anderen Dingen -z.B. Autofahren- beschaftigt sind) verfugbar. Auf Wikipedia sind die Aufnahmen als RAW Audio verfugbar, welches lediglich linear konsumiert werden kann. Eine Moglichkeit zur gezielten Navigation oder zur Suche ist nicht vorhanden. Wir stellen eine Anwendung vor, welche ein Alignment, das zwischen Aufnahme, Text und Artikelstruktur Zusammenhange beschreibt, nutzt. Dieses Alignment erlaubt es in gesprochenen Artikeln mit Hilfe von grafisch- und sprachbasierten Benutzerschnittstellen (oder Kombinationen aus beiden) zu navigieren. Zudem stellen wir die Ergebnisse einer Nutzerstudie vor, welche die beiden Nutzungsmodalitaten miteinander vergleicht. Wir finden, dass beide Interaktionsarten es dem Nutzer erlauben in gesprochenen Artikeln zu navigieren und im Vergleich zum linearen Zuhoren deutlich schneller spezifische Informationen zu finden. Insbesondere dann, wenn die sprachbasierte Benutzerschnittstelle (Voice-User-Interface) nicht durch Probleme mit der Erkennung und Interpretation von Sprachbefehlen eingeschrankt wird, ist sie gleichauf mit der grafischen Benutzerschnittstelle und somit eine echte Alternative um die Wikipedia ohne Notwenigkeit des visuellen Kanals konsumieren zu konnen.
A Longitudinal Study on Attention Development in Primary School Children with and without Teacher-Reported Symptoms of ADHD

Background: Prospective longitudinal studies are essential in characterizing cognitive trajectories, yet few of them have been reported on the development of attention processes in children. We aimed to explore attention development in normal children and children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in a repeated measures design using the attention network test (ANT). Methods: The population sample included 2,835 children (49.6% girls) aged 7–11 years from 39 schools in Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain) who performed the ANT four times from January 2012 to March 2013. According to teacher ratings, 10.5% of the children presented ADHD symptoms. We performed multilevel mixed-effects linear regression models, adjusting for school and individual, to test the effects of age-related growth on the ANT networks: alerting, orienting and executive attention, and three measurements related to attentiveness: median of hit reaction time (HRT), hit reaction time standard error (HRT-SE) and variability. Results: We observed age-related growth in all the outcomes, except orienting. The curves were steeper at the younger groups, although for alertness the improvement was further at the oldest ages. Gender and ADHD symptoms interacted with age in executive attention, HRT and variability. Girls performed better in executive attention at young ages although boys reached females at around 10 years of age. For HRT, males showed faster HRT. However, girls had a more pronounced improvement and reached the levels of boys at age 11. Children with ADHD symptoms had significant differences in executive attention, HRT and variability compared to children without ADHD symptoms. Conclusions: We detected an ongoing development of some aspects of attention in primary school children, differentiating patterns by gender and ADHD symptoms. Our findings support the ANT for assessing attention processes in children in large epidemiological studies.
Flow-mediated constriction: further insight into a new measure of vascular function.

This editorial refers to ‘Brachial artery low-flow-mediated constriction is increased early after coronary intervention and reduces during recovery after acute coronary syndrome: characterization of a recently described index of vascular function’[†][1], by J.R. Spiro et al. , on page 856 Abnormalities in the production of numerous endothelial autacoids, a condition termed ‘endothelial dysfunction’, play a critical role in controlling vasomotor tone, in initiating atherogenesis, and in promoting plaque formation and rupture.1 Given its importance in vascular homeostasis, quantitative measures of endothelial function have gained increasing attention and, among these, the most widely employed is flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD). 2 FMD is a measure of the capacity of the endothelium, when stimulated by a specific stimulus (a sudden increase in shear stress), to cause smooth muscle cell relaxation and vasodilation. As such, FMD is measured as the vasomotor response (percentage maximal increase in diameter) from a baseline that is assumed to be uniform across every individual undergoing the measurement. FMD has found favour because it is non-invasive, repeatable, predictive of the extent and severity of coronary atherosclerosis,3 and is an independent predictor of prognosis.4 Despite these strengths, it remains unclear whether the assessment of FMD provides information that is additional to that of traditional risk factors, and initial results from the Cardiovascular Health Study suggest that this parameter adds very little to the capacity of the Framingham Risk Score to predict cardiovascular events.4 This highlights the need for further development of techniques that can allow the derivation of additional information from the assessment of endothelial function. A characteristic intrinsic to the concept of FMD is that it provides information about the ‘recruitability’ of endothelial vasomotor function (i.e. its responsiveness to a specific stimulus), but it does not provide information concerning basal endothelial function (i.e. release of … [1]: #fn-2
Functional Language Shift to the Right Hemisphere in Patients with Language-Eloquent Brain Tumors

Objectives Language function is mainly located within the left hemisphere of the brain, especially in right-handed subjects. However, functional MRI (fMRI) has demonstrated changes of language organization in patients with left-sided perisylvian lesions to the right hemisphere. Because intracerebral lesions can impair fMRI, this study was designed to investigate human language plasticity with a virtual lesion model using repetitive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Experimental design Fifteen patients with lesions of left-sided language-eloquent brain areas and 50 healthy and purely right-handed participants underwent bilateral rTMS language mapping via an object-naming task. All patients were proven to have left-sided language function during awake surgery. The rTMS-induced language errors were categorized into 6 different error types. The error ratio (induced errors/number of stimulations) was determined for each brain region on both hemispheres. A hemispheric dominance ratio was then defined for each region as the quotient of the error ratio (left/right) of the corresponding area of both hemispheres (ratio >1 = left dominant; ratio <1 = right dominant). Results Patients with language-eloquent lesions showed a statistically significantly lower ratio than healthy participants concerning “all errors” and “all errors without hesitations”, which indicates a higher participation of the right hemisphere in language function. Yet, there was no cortical region with pronounced difference in language dominance compared to the whole hemisphere. Conclusions This is the first study that shows by means of an anatomically accurate virtual lesion model that a shift of language function to the non-dominant hemisphere can occur.
Facial Expression Recognition in the Presence of Head Motion

mean and shape-free weighted average of facial the phase This book provides an overview of state of the art research in Affective Computing. It presents new ideas, original results and practical experiences in this increasingly important research field. The book consists of 23 chapters categorized into four sections. Since one of the most important means of human communication is facial expression, the first section of this book (Chapters 1 to 7) presents a research on synthesis and recognition of facial expressions. Given that we not only use the face but also body movements to express ourselves, in the second section (Chapters 8 to 11) we present a research on perception and generation of emotional expressions by using full-body motions. The third section of the book (Chapters 12 to 16) presents computational models on emotion, as well as findings from neuroscience research. In the last section of the book (Chapters 17 to 22) we present applications related to affective computing.
Removal of Thin Cirrus Scattering Effects in Landsat 8 OLI Images Using the Cirrus Detecting Channel

Thin cirrus clouds frequently contaminate images acquired with either Landsat 7 ETM+ or the earlier generation of Landsat series satellite instruments. The situation has changed since the launch of the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) into space in 2013. OLI implemented a cirrus detecting channel (Band 9) centered within a strong atmospheric water vapor absorption band near 1.375 μm with a width of 30 nm. The specifications for this channel were the same as those specified for the NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) in the early 1990s. The OLI Band 9 has been proven to be very effective in detecting and masking thin cirrus-contaminated pixels at the high spatial resolution of 30 m. However, this channel has not yet been routinely used for the correction of thin cirrus effects in other OLI band images. In this article, we describe an empirical technique for the removal of thin cirrus scattering effects in OLI visible near infrared (IR) and shortwave IR (SWIR) spectral regions. We present results from applications of the technique to three OLI data sets. We also discuss issues associated with parallax anomalies in OLI data.
Using the Transverse Acetabular Ligament as a Landmark for Acetabular Anteversion: An Intraoperative Measurement

Purpose. To measure the transverse acetabular ligament (TAL) anteversion in hips with severe deformity, using fluoroscopy–computed tomographic navigation. Methods. 31 hips in 10 men and 19 women aged 40 to 78 (mean, 58.7) years who underwent total hip arthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis (n=6) or osteoarthritis secondary to developmental hip dysplasia (n=19) or congenital hip dislocation (n=6) were included. The severity of hip dislocation was classified according to the Crowe classification; 15 hips were grade 1, 7 were grade 2, 3 were grade 3, and 6 were grade 4. The TAL anteversion was measured using fluoroscopy–computed tomographic navigation. The difference in TAL anteversion between non-dislocated hips (Crowe grade 1, n=15) and dislocated hips (Crowe grades 2–4, n=16) was compared. Results. In all 31 hips, the TAL could be visualised intra-operatively. No patient reported severe pain, early wear, loosening, or dislocation after 2 years. The mean TAL anteversion and inclination angles measured by the navigation system were 26.5° (SD, 8.9°; range, 8°–42°) and 41.5° (SD, 4.6°; range, 32°–49°), respectively. 22 of the 31 hips were in the safe zone. TAL anteversion in non-dislocated and dislocated hips was not significantly different. Inter- and intra-observer mean absolute differences in TAL anteversion were 0.3° and 0.4°, respectively. Conclusion. The TAL is a useful anatomic landmark for total hip arthroplasty in dislocated hips.
Polyploids Exhibit Higher Potassium Uptake and Salinity Tolerance in Arabidopsis

Double Is Not Trouble The doubling of the genome to create polyploidy is common among land plants, and most major flowering plant lineages exhibit some history of genome duplication. However, the physiological advantages of a doubled genome are not well understood. Chao et al. (p. 658, published online 25 July) identified accessions of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana with naturally doubled genomes and found that the cytotype of the root, but not shoot, in these natural, as well as in artificially induced, polyploid plants appears to confer increased salt tolerance by regulating leaf potassium levels. Certain thale cress plants collected in the wild contain a duplicated genome and can cope with salty soil. Genome duplication (or polyploidization) has occurred throughout plant evolutionary history and is thought to have driven the adaptive radiation of plants. We found that the cytotype of the root, and not the genotype, determined the majority of heritable natural variation in leaf potassium (K) concentration in Arabidopsis thaliana. Autopolyploidy also provided resistance to salinity and may represent an adaptive outcome of the enhanced K accumulation of plants with higher ploidy.
Development of bioactive conducting polymers for neural interfaces

Bioelectrodes for neural recording and neurostimulation are an integral component of a number of neuroprosthetic devices, including the commercially available cochlear implant, and developmental devices, such as the bionic eye and brain–machine interfaces. Current electrode designs limit the application of such devices owing to suboptimal material properties that lead to minimal interaction with the target neural tissue and the formation of fibrotic capsules. In designing an ideal bioelectrode, a number of design criteria must be considered with respect to physical, mechanical, electrical and biological properties. Conducting polymers have the potential to address the synergistic interaction of these properties and show promise as superior coatings for next-generation electrodes in implant devices.
A new amide from the stems of Cinnamomum reticulatum Hay

Cinnaretamine, a new amide, has been isolated from Cinnamomum reticulatum Hay (Lauraceae), together with six known compounds, N-trans-feruloylmethoxytyramine, N-cis-feruloylmethoxytyramine, (+)-syringaresinol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid and vanillic acid. The structure of cinnaretamine was determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.
An Extreme Learning Machine Architecture Based on Volterra Filtering and PCA

Extreme learning machine (ELM) has recently attracted many researchers’ interest due to its very fast learning speed, good generalization ability, and ease of implementation. However, it has a linear output layer which may limit the capability of exploring the available information, since higher-order statistics of the signals are not taken into account. To address this, we propose a novel ELM architecture in which the linear output layer is replaced by a Volterra filter structure. Additionally, the principal component analysis (PCA) technique is used to reduce the number of effective signals transmitted to the output layer. This idea not only improves the processing capability of the network, but also preserves the simplicity of the training process. Then we carry out performance evaluation and application analysis for the proposed architecture in the context of supervised classification and unsupervised equalization respectively, and the obtained results either on publicly available datasets or various channels, when compared to those produced by already proposed ELM versions and a state-of-the-art algorithm: support vector machine (SVM), highlight the adequacy and the advantages of the proposed architecture and characterize it as a promising tool to deal with signal processing tasks. key words: extreme learning machines, Volterra filter, principal component analysis, unsupervised equalization, support vector machine
Precipitating Auto-Antibodies in the Connective Tissue Diseases

In a recent communication we described the occurrence in the serum of patients with Sjogren's disease of two factors which reacted to give precipitates with extracts of various tissues. Evidence was provided that both factors were auto-antibodies (Anderson, Gray, Beck, and Kinnear, 1961b). As Sjogren's disease has close associations with the connective tissue diseases (Heaton, 1959; Bunim, 1961), we thought it of interest to see if autoprecipitins could be detected in patients with connective tissue diseases. This paper describes the detection, in the serum of patients with various connective tissue diseases, of the two auto-antibodies which occur in Sj6gren's disease and two additional precipitating antibodies, one of which is an autoantibody to deoxyribonucleic acid.
Two Coalitional Models for Network Formation and Matching Games

This thesis comprises of two separate game theoretic models that fall under the general umbrella of network formation games. The first is a coalitional model of interaction in social networks that is based on the idea of social distance, in which players seek interactions with similar others. Our model captures some of the phenomena observed on such networks, such as homophily driven interactions and the formation of small worlds for groups of players. Using social distance games, we analyze the interactions between players on the network, study the properties of efficient and stable networks, relate them to the underlying graphical structure of the game, and give an approximation algorithm for finding optimal social welfare. We then show that efficient networks are not necessarily stable, and stable networks do not necessarily maximise welfare. We use the stability gap to investigate the welfare of stable coalition structures, and propose two new solution concepts with improved welfare guarantees. The second model is a compact formulation of matchings with externalities. Our formulation achieves tractability of the representation at the expense of full expressivity. We formulate a template of solution concept that applies to games where externalities are involved, and instantiate it in the context of optimistic, neutral, and pessimistic reasoning. Then we investigate the complexity of the representation in the context of many-to-many and one-to-one matchings, and provide both computational hardness results and polynomial time algorithms where applicable.
Time To Move from Presumptive Malaria Treatment to Laboratory-Confirmed Diagnosis and Treatment in African Children with Fever

Background to the debate: Current guidelines recommend that all fever episodes in African children be treated presumptively with antimalarial drugs. But declining malarial transmission in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, declining proportions of fevers due to malaria, and the availability of rapid diagnostic tests mean it may be time for this policy to change. This debate examines whether enough evidence exists to support abandoning presumptive treatment and whether African health systems have the capacity to support a shift toward laboratory-confirmed rather than presumptive diagnosis and treatment of malaria in children under five.