Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is Rhodamine 123 an Appropriate Fluorescent Probe to Assess P-Glycoprotein Mediated Multidrug Resistance in Vinblastine-Resistant CHO Cells?

Cellular drug resistance, which involves several mechanisms such as P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) overexpression, kinetic and metabolic quiescence, or the increase in the intracellular levels of glutathione, limits the effectiveness of cancer treatment. It has been reported that functional assessment of the cationic dye rhodamine 123 (Rho123) efflux reveals accurately the drug‐resistant phenotype. To study cellular drug resistance, we have obtained a CHO‐K1 derived cell line resistant to vinblastine by means of multistep selection. This cell line (CHOVBR) displays high reactivity with a monoclonal antibody (MAb) (C219) directed against an internal domain of P‐gp, and an active Rho123 efflux, as shown by parallel flow cytometric and fluorometric assays. However, under similar experimental conditions, the drug‐sensitive parental cell line CHO‐K1 (as well as the myeloblastic KG1 and KG1a cell lines), was also able to pump Rho123 out. These parental CHO‐K1 cells had a very low reactivity against the C219 Mab, as confirmed by Western blot analysis. Both vinblastine and verapamil inhibited Rho123 efflux in CHO‐K1 cells, but had no effect on CHOVBR cultures. Also, deprivation of vinblastine for one month did not affect Rho123 efflux in these cells. Our results suggest that the activity of P‐gp appears to be essential, but not sufficient to confer drug resistance, and that Rho123‐based functional assays of drug resistance should be evaluated for each cellular experimental model.
STAT3 and the Hyper-IgE syndrome

During recent years a number of primary immunodeficiencies resulting from impaired function of JAK-STAT molecules have been described. One of these is the Hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) characterized by elevated IgE levels, eczema, recurrent staphylococcal skin and pulmonary infections and pleiotropic somatic manifestations. In 2007 the genetic basis of HIES was revealed by identification of dominant negative STAT3 mutations in HIES patients. Subsequently impaired function of Tyk2 and DOCK8 have been implicated in milder forms of HIES. Since STAT3 acts as a central transcription factor downstream of multiple cytokine and growth factor receptors and thus regulates antimicrobial responses and cell survival, impaired STAT3 function results in immunodeficiency and in some cases tumorigenesis. However, as the immunological and molecular basis of HIES is being unraveled, important biological and immunological insight into JAK-STAT signaling is emerging that may have implications for our understanding of the pathogenesis and clinical management of patients with HIES.
Q value-based dynamic programming using division concept for road networks

Route planning is one of the essential functions of vehicle navigation systems. The shortest path problem has been widely studied for route planning. In this paper, a Q value-based Dynamic Programming using Division Concept is proposed for solving shortest path problem. The proposed algorithm can save the route computational time without any preprocessing and precomputing. The simulation results shows the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm on large-scale road networks.
The Complex Role of Anticoagulation in Cirrhosis: An Updated Review of Where We Are and Where We Are Going

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cirrhotic patients is an increasingly encountered problem in the daily clinical practice; there is still a debate on the ideal measures to be followed for prophylaxis and treatment of VTE among this population. Although traditionally, liver cirrhosis has been considered a disease with hypocoagulability state and increasing bleeding tendency due to severe homeostatic disruption in liver disease, until recently there is increasing awareness and evidence that cirrhotic patients are not completely protected from thrombotic events although they have an elevated international normalized ratio and auto anticoagulation. Furthermore, hypercoagulability is now an increasingly recognized aspect of chronic liver disease (CLD), and the bleeding risk of VTE prophylaxis and treatment remains unclear. In this review, we provide an updated discussion on the mechanisms involved in hemostasis in CLD as well as on the benefits and complications of anticoagulant therapy in cirrhotic patients. Overall, sufficient evidence exists, promoting the use of anticoagulation in cirrhotic patients for both VTE prophylaxis and treatment in carefully selected patients after consideration of pharmacologic or endoscopic variceal bleeding prophylaxis.
The Educational Developer as Change Agent

Educational development is the process of creating new alternatives that contribute to the quality of education. This process yields tangible tools (products) whose proper use wil l lead to specified results, and interventions (practices) designed to change the behavior of those engaged in educating children or in preparing personnel to do so. These outcomes of educational development are not necessarily innovations ; rather, they should make intelligent change possible (Hemphill, 1972). While the terms &dquo;research&dquo; and &dquo;development&dquo; have become conjugate in the professions, their duality is more fiction than fact in education. Their actual distinction springs from several sources. First of all, the activities of research and development are too often separated by the structure, or lack of it, within which they are conducted. In the laboratory and on many campuses, research is a specified and commended pursuit. On the other hand, in most educational institutions and settings, structured arrangements that specifically support development are not common. Moreover, because research is characterized by scientific inquiry, and development by practical application, the educational and experiential backgrounds of those who engage in each of them tend to be disparate, as are the respect and importance assigned to them by the academic community. A further distinction stems from the results generated: research generates refined knowledge in the form of concepts and theories; development generates readily usable products and practices (Schutz, 1968). Research is long on scientific rigor and short on immediate utili-
DG Approximation of Coupled Navier-Stokes and Darcy Equations by Beaver-Joseph-Saffman Interface Condition

In this work, we couple the incompressible steady Navier-Stokes equations with the Darcy equations, by means of the Beaver-Joseph-Saffman's condition on the interface. Under suitable smallness conditions on the data, we prove existence of a weak solution as well as some a priori estimates. We establish local uniqueness when the data satisfy additional smallness restrictions. Then we propose a discontinuous Galerkin scheme for discretizing the equations and do its numerical analysis.
The role of apoptosis, proliferation, and the Bcl-2-related proteins in the myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia secondary to MDS.

Bone marrow CD34(+) cell apoptosis (annexin V), proliferation (Ki-67), and Bcl-2-related protein expression was evaluated by flow cytometry in 102 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia secondary to MDS (MDS-AML) and in 30 normal donors (NBM). Apoptosis was significantly increased in refractory anemia (RA)/RA with ringed sideroblasts (RARS) (56.9% [20.4%-93.6%]) and refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) (51.2% [25.2%-76. 6%]) compared with NBM (16.7% [3.4%-35.3%], P <.0001). In RA/RARS, apoptosis always exceeded proliferation (Ki-67-positivity, 26.1% [9.5%-47.8%]; apoptosis:proliferation ratio 2.08 [1.15-3.63]); whereas in RAEB, this ratio equalized (1.14 [0.93-2.08]) due to increased proliferation (40.4% [22%-69.5%]). Progression to RAEB in transformation (RAEB-t)/MDS-AML was associated with a significant reduction in apoptosis (22.3% [2.1%-53.2%]; P <.0001) and proliferation (16.8% [1.9%-75.8%); P =. 04; ratio 1.69 [0.16-12.21]). Pro-apoptotic (Bax/Bad) versus anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2/Bcl-X) Bcl-2-related protein ratios were increased in RA/RARS compared with NBM (2.57 [1.93-9.42] versus 1.89 [0.65-4.1]; P =.06), whereas disease progression was associated with significantly reduced ratios (1.16 [0.06-3.32]; P <.0001) due primarily to increased Bcl-2 expression. Apoptosis and Bax/Bad:Bcl-2/Bcl-X ratio were inversely correlated with both International Prognostic Scoring System score and cytogenetic risk group; highest levels observed in patients with low score and/or good risk cytogenetics. There was a trend toward an association between Bcl-2-related protein expression and apoptosis (P =.07). This study indicates that MDS progression arises through multiple hits that alter levels of CD34(+) cell apoptosis and proliferation. Early disease is associated with excessive apoptosis and elevated ratio of apoptosis to proliferation. Increased proliferative rates are observed in RAEB, whereas leukemic transformation arises through inhibition of apoptosis rather than excessive cell growth. Although disease progression is accompanied by a fall in pro-apoptotic versus anti-apoptotic Bcl-2-related protein ratios, heterogeneity in patterns of protein expression indicates that factors additional to Bcl-2 family members play a role in the deregulated apoptosis in MDS. (Blood. 2000;96:3932-3938)
Increased Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability on Perfusion CT Might Predict Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction

Background and Purpose— Perfusion CT has been used to assess the extent of blood–brain barrier breakdown. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of blood–brain barrier permeability measured using perfusion CT for development of malignant middle cerebral artery infarction requiring hemicraniectomy (HC). Methods— We retrospectively identified patients from our stroke registry who had middle cerebral artery infarction and were evaluated with admission perfusion CT. Blood–brain barrier permeability and cerebral blood volume maps were generated and infarct volumes calculated. Clinical and radiographic characteristics were compared between those who underwent HC versus those who did not undergo HC. Results— One hundred twenty-two patients (12 HC, 110 no HC) were identified. Twelve patients who underwent HC had developed edema, midline shift, or infarct expansion. Infarct permeability area, infarct cerebral blood volume area, and infarct volumes were significantly different (P<0.018, P<0.0211, P<0.0001, P<0.0014) between HC and no HC groups. Age (P=0.03) and admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (P=0.0029) were found to be independent predictors for HC. Using logistic regression modeling, there was an association between increased infarct permeability area and HC. The OR for HC based on a 5-, 10-, 15-, or 20-cm2 increase in infarct permeability area were 1.179, 1.390, 1.638, or 1.932, respectively (95% CI, 1.035 to 1.343, 1.071 to 1.804, 1.108 to 2.423, 1.146 to 3.255, respectively). Conclusion— Increased infarct permeability area is associated with an increased likelihood for undergoing HC. Because early HC for malignant middle cerebral artery infarction has been associated with better outcomes, the infarct permeability area on admission perfusion CT might be a useful tool to predict malignant middle cerebral artery infarction and need for HC.
A Single Origin for Nymphalid Butterfly Eyespots Followed by Widespread Loss of Associated Gene Expression

Understanding how novel complex traits originate involves investigating the time of origin of the trait, as well as the origin of its underlying gene regulatory network in a broad comparative phylogenetic framework. The eyespot of nymphalid butterflies has served as an example of a novel complex trait, as multiple genes are expressed during eyespot development. Yet the origins of eyespots remain unknown. Using a dataset of more than 400 images of butterflies with a known phylogeny and gene expression data for five eyespot-associated genes from over twenty species, we tested origin hypotheses for both eyespots and eyespot-associated genes. We show that eyespots evolved once within the family Nymphalidae, approximately 90 million years ago, concurrent with expression of at least three genes associated with early eyespot development. We also show multiple losses of expression of most genes from this early three-gene cluster, without corresponding losses of eyespots. We propose that complex traits, such as eyespots, may have originated via co-option of a large pre-existing complex gene regulatory network that was subsequently streamlined of genes not required to fulfill its novel developmental function.
Reactive Power Control for Multiple Synchronous Generators Connected in Parallel

This work addresses the common problem of distributing reactive power among multiple synchronous generators in power plants. Multiple synchronous generators within the same power generation facility are often utilized to feed a power transmission line. Individually controlling each generator may not be adequate for proper distribution of reactive load among multiple generators. Some possible issues of such a strategy include the generation of circulating currents, a low power factor, or generators running at the limit of their capabilities. The focus of this work is on the design of a supervisory control strategy for interconnected synchronous generators in power plants with the aim of avoiding those issues. The design is facilitated by constructing a new modified power factor that is smooth and monotonically decreasing as a function of reactive power and provides a clear indication of whether the reactive power is leading or lagging. The proposed strategy is implemented in cascade with the existing Automatic Voltage Regulators widely employed to provide voltage output stability. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is discussed by providing experimental results comparing the reactive load distribution before and after the deployment of such a strategy in a large power plant.
The efficacy of esmolol versus lidocaine to attenuate the hemodynamic response to intubation in isolated head trauma patients.

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of esmolol vs lidocaine to attenuate the detrimental rise in heart rate and blood pressure during intubation of patients with isolated head trauma. METHODS This was a prospective, double-blind, randomized study, performed at an urban, county teaching emergency department. Participants were 30 patients with isolated head trauma. Each underwent a standardized intubation protocol including esmolol or lidocaine, both at 2 mg/kg. RESULTS Esmolol was used in 16 patients and lidocaine in 14. Mechanisms of injury included 12 assaults, 6 motor vehicle collisions, 6 falls, 4 auto-vs-pedestrian crashes, and 2 bicycle incidents. Mean ethanol level was 0.116+/-0.133 SD (range 0-0.482). Mean Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was 7.9+/-4.0 SD. Cranial computed tomography (CT) hemorrhagic findings included 9 subdural/epidural hematomas, 6 cortex hemorrhages, and 2 multi-hemorrhages. Eleven patients received surgical intervention: 9 patients received a craniotomy, and 2 a ventricular catheter. The 2-minute time interval around intubation was used to assess each drug's efficacy. The mean difference change between groups for heart rate was 4.0 beats/min (95% CI = -17.7 to 9.7 beats/min), for systolic blood pressure was 1.3 mm Hg (95% CI = -27.8 to 30.4 mm Hg), and for diastolic blood pressure was 2.6 mm Hg (95% CI = -27.1 to 21.9 mm Hg). The power of this study was 90% to detect a 20-beat/min difference in heart rate, a 35-mm Hg difference in systolic blood pressure, and a 20-mm Hg difference in diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS Esmolol and lidocaine have similar efficacies to attenuate moderate hemodynamic response to intubation of patients with isolated head trauma.
LIS curriculum in French-speaking West Africa in the age of ICTs: The case of Benin and Senegal

LIS training programme in Africa date from early independence period. In French-speaking West African area, few countries have an LIS school. The existing schools have been created in partnership with either an international organization or a northern country. The curriculum delivered is not always updated as in developed countries. The main objective of this article is to measure the gap between LIS curriculum as actually delivered in developed and developing countries in the age of the information and communication technologies (ICTs). A couple of schools were chosen—English and French-speaking area—from Northern America and Western Europe; their curriculum served as basis for evaluating those in West African French-speaking countries. The conclusion that can be drawn from the study is that LIS curriculum in Africa has changed less since the schools’ first creation and ICTs are not present as in Western countries. This trend brings out the problem of the curriculum pertinence and the competitiveness of the graduate students in the international employment market.
Biofeedback Training can Calm the Hyperactive Child

"The/re driving me up the walls! " How many times have you and your fellow teachers said this about your hyperactive students? At one time or another, most elementary school teachers have been faced with the difficulty of dealing with children who are easily distractible, impulsive, overactive, and disruptive (Conrad 1975; Werry 1968). These traits generally prevent hyperactive students from achieving their educational potential, even though they are usually of average or above average intelligence. Hyperactivity is estimated to occur in 5 percent to 20 percent (Sandoval 1977; Firestone & Douglas 1975) of the elementary school population. Hyperactive children who overact and disrupt the classroom have been treated with medication and behavior modification techniques (Wunderlich 1973). While these interventions have met with some success, there are questions about their long-term effectiveness and possible undesirable side effects. Teachers and counselors, of course, cannot prescribe drugs nor do most of them have the time, energy, or financial support for developing and/or monitoring extensive behavior modification programs. What is needed is an intervention which is both effective and available to teachers and counselors.
Passive Synthetic Aperture Hitchhiker Imaging of Ground Moving Targets—Part 2: Performance Analysis

In Part 1 of this paper, we present a passive synthetic aperture imaging and velocity estimation method for ground moving targets using a network of passive receivers. The method involves inversion of a Radon transform-type forward model via a novel filtered backprojection approach combined with entropy optimization. The method is applicable to noncooperative transmitters of opportunity where the transmitter locations and transmitted waveforms are unknown. Furthermore, it can image multiple targets moving at different velocities in arbitrary imaging geometries. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the performance of our method. First the resolution analysis in position and velocity spaces is presented. The analysis identifies several factors that contribute positively or negativity toward position and velocity resolution. Next, we present a novel theory to analyze and predict smearing artifacts in position images due to error in velocity estimation of moving targets. Specifically, we show that small errors in the velocity estimation result in small positioning errors. We present extensive numerical simulations to demonstrate the theoretical results. While our primary interest lies in radar, the theory, methods, and algorithms introduced in this paper are also applicable to passive acoustic, seismic, and microwave imaging.
On Decision Problems for Timed Automata

We solve some decision problems for timed automata which were recently raised by S. Tripakis in [ Folk Theorems on the Determinization and Minimization of Timed Automata, in the Proceedings of the International Workshop FORMATS'2003, LNCS, Volume 2791, p. 182-188, 2004 ] and by E. Asarin in [ Challenges in Timed Languages, From Applied Theory to Basic Theory, Bulletin of the EATCS, Volume 83, p. 106-120, 2004 ]. In particular, we show that one cannot decide whether a given timed automaton is determinizable or whether the complement of a timed regular language is timed regular.
The Flexibility Debate: Part Time Work

Abstract Part time workers constitute an important element in the currently fashionable advocacy of a flexible workforce. Unions, in response, have feared the displacement of full time workers and the undermining of hard won job conditions and security. Both sides have ignored the entrenched nature of existing, gender-split mechanisms for responding to market fluctuations and the diverse forms and functions of part time work. Neither flexibility in general, nor part time work in particular, are unitary concepts: they may have contradictory implications and serve quite different interests, depending on how, and by whom, they are initiated and controlled. Union attempts to block them may actually reinforce the negative effects, as well as alienating members. An alternative strategy of regulating, integrating and raising the status of part time work is already producing some positive results.
Spatio-temporal fusion for reliable moving vehicle classification in wireless sensor networks

One of the important tasks in sensor networks is classifying moving vehicles. Fusion of large amount of sensor measurements can improve network performance and reduce the consumption of sensor network resource. We study using continuous measurements of multiple sensor nodes to improve the classification performance by spatio-temporal fusion and fault detection. Time series decisions of single sensor node are aggregated to make a reliable classification estimation. A fusion center combines local classification decisions and evaluates the correctness of these decisions. A correctness status is sent back to each sensor node. Based on the status, sensor nodes can adjust their temporal fusion result. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of our method.
Cartesian Grid Methods For Simulating Flows With Moving Boundaries

A recently developed numerical method for flows with moving boundaries is used for simulating the flow-induced vibration of cylinders. The key feature of the numerical method is that it allows us to simulate flows with moving boundaries on stationary Cartesian grids. The key features of the method are described. The method is used to simulate (a) transverse flow-induced vibration of a cylinder in a freestream where the computed results are compared with theory and other simulations and (b) flow-induced vibration of a cylinder pair where we examine the effect of relative placement of the cylinders on the vibration of the two cylinders.
The Loss-averse Newsvendor Problem with a Service Requirement

In this paper, we discuss the loss-averse newsvendor problem. Firstly, we develop a basic model in which the service-level constraint is not considered. And we get the optimal order quantity and the optimal expected utility under the basic model. Then, we add a service-level constraint into the basic model. And we also get the unique optimal order quantity and the optimal expected utility. Furthermore, we discuss the effects of the service-level constraint on the optimal order quantity and the optimal expected utility. We find that when the service requirement is low, the extended model is equal to the basic model. However, when the service level is high, the optimal order quantity is increasing in the service level and the optimal expected utility is decreasing in the service level. Finally, we analyze the effects of changing parameter values on the optimal order quantity under a service-level constraint.