Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Singular charge fluctuations at a magnetic quantum critical point

Spin-charge entanglement Many physical properties follow characteristic scaling laws near quantum critical points, which are associated with phase transitions at absolute zero temperature. The material YbRh2Si2 has an antiferromagnetic quantum critical point, where spin-related properties are expected to follow such a scaling. Unexpectedly, Prochaska et al. found that charge fluctuations follow a critical scaling as well. The researchers fabricated high-quality thin films of YbRh2Si2 and used transmission spectroscopy to measure the optical conductivity of the film and infer the scaling. Their findings point to a highly entangled state of charge and spin, which may also be responsible for the strangemetal phase in this material. Science, this issue p. 285 Optical conductivity measurements on thin films of YbRh2Si2 point to entanglement of spin and charge in this material. Strange metal behavior is ubiquitous in correlated materials, ranging from cuprate superconductors to bilayer graphene, and may arise from physics beyond the quantum fluctuations of a Landau order parameter. In quantum-critical heavy-fermion antiferromagnets, such physics may be realized as critical Kondo entanglement of spin and charge and probed with optical conductivity. We present terahertz time-domain transmission spectroscopy on molecular beam epitaxy–grown thin films of YbRh2Si2, a model strange-metal compound. We observed frequency over temperature scaling of the optical conductivity as a hallmark of beyond-Landau quantum criticality. Our discovery suggests that critical charge fluctuations play a central role in the strange metal behavior, elucidating one of the long-standing mysteries of correlated quantum matter.
Asymptotic Properties of the Benjamin-Ono Equation

The asymptotic properties of the Benjamin-Ono (BO) equation are investigated in the limit of the large similarity parameter. The number density funcction F ( a ) of the BO solitons, which is defined such that the number of solitons with amplitudes in the interval ( a , a +d a ) is given by F ( a )d a , is derived by employing the infinite number of the conservation laws of the BO equation. It is also shown that the amplitudes of solitons are closely related to the solution of the single algebraic equation which is derived from the conservation laws.
SHAPE DERIVATIVE IN THE WAVE EQUATION WITH DIRICHLET BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

Abstract The aim of this paper is to give a full analysis of the the shape differentiability for the solution to the second order hyperbolic equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The implicit function theorem does not work to solve the problem of weak regularity of the data; nevertheless by a more technical approach we prove an analogous result. We will first prove the theorem under strong regularity of the right hand side, then using the hidden regularity we will prove the shape derivative continues to exist under weak condition of regularity. We end up with a second order shape derivative for this problem.
Education Research: High-Fidelity Simulation to Evaluate Diagnostic Reasoning Reveals Failure to Detect Viral Encephalitis in Medical Trainees

Delays in treatment of both herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis and seizures are associated with poor patient outcomes, but many physicians fail to recognize HSV despite classic presenting symptoms. Our goal was to assess trainee performance in a simulation-based case to recognize HSV encephalitis as the underlying etiology of refractory status epilepticus.This is a prospective, observational, single-center simulation-based study of participants ranging from subinterns to attending physicians managing a patient with viral encephalitis complicated by nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Using a modified Delphi approach, we developed a list of critical actions. The primary outcome measure was critical action item sum score. We compared level of training and performance using analysis of variance as validity evidence to support our findings.Fifty-nine trainees completed the simulation. The mean sum of critical actions completed was 13.9/25 (56%). Eighty percent of trainees administered an appropriately dosed benzodiazepine, and 97% administered a second-line agent. Despite 88% of trainees obtaining a lumbar puncture, only 47% recognized viral encephalitis as the most likely diagnosis with 36% starting appropriate treatment. There was significant effect of training level on critical action sum score (level 1 mean score [SD] = 10.8 [1.5] vs level 2 mean score [SD] = 12.2 [2.5] vs level 3 mean score [SD] = 13.9 [3.0] vs level 4 mean score [SD] = 18.2 [3.2],p< 0.001,R2= 0.38). Although initial seizure treatment was sufficient, failure to recognize HSV encephalitis was common with few trainees initiating appropriate treatment potentially leading to poor outcomes in real-life scenarios. High-fidelity simulation holds promise as an assessment tool in identifying trainee knowledge gaps and why classic clinical cases escape trainee diagnosis.
Assessing Multi-Attribute Characterization of Enveloped and Non-Enveloped Viral Particles by Capillary Electrophoresis

Virus-based biopharmaceutical products are used in clinical applications such as vaccines, gene therapy, and immunotherapy. However, their manufacturing remains a challenge, hampered by the lack of appropriate analytical tools for purification monitoring or characterization of the final product. This paper describes the implementation of a highly sensitive method, capillary electrophoresis (CE)-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) combined with a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detector to monitor the impact of various bioprocess steps on the quality of different viral vectors. The fluorescence labelling procedure uses the (3-(2-furoyl) quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde dye, and the CE-SDS LIF method enables the evaluation of in-process besides final product samples. This method outperforms other analytical methods, such as SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with Sypro Ruby staining, in terms of sensitivity, resolution, and high-throughput capability. Notably, this CE-SDS LIF method was also successfully implemented to characterize enveloped viruses such as Maraba virus and lentivirus, whose development as biopharmaceuticals is now restricted by the lack of suitable analytical tools. This method was also qualified for quantification of rAAV2 according to the International Council for Harmonisation guidelines. Overall, our work shows that CE-SDS LIF is a precise and sensitive analytical platform for in-process sample analysis and quantification of different virus-based targets, with a great potential for application in biomanufacturing.
Transmission power loss reduction by interior-point methods: implementation issues and practical experience

In this paper, the application of the primal-dual interior-point method to the power loss minimisation problem is revised. First, the nonlinear optimization problem is formulated and its possible solution by a sequence of LP subproblems is described. Second, the relevant equations arising when the log-barrier technique is applied to the original nonlinear model are developed, and major implementation aspects are discussed. Finally, some results obtained with a real transmission network are presented.
Electron scattering from Ne II using the relativistic R-matrix method

The R-matrix method for electron scattering from atoms and ions using the Dirac Hamiltonian has been programmed and a test case of electron scattering from Ne II is considered. The agreement for the total cross section between the relativistic calculation and previous non-relativistic calculations is excellent. The relativistic calculation enables cross sections for transitions between fine-structure levels to be obtained.
Properties of Cosmic Shock Waves in Large-Scale Structure Formation

We have examined the properties of shock waves in simulations of large-scale structure formation. Two cosmological scenarios have been considered: a standard cold dark matter model with ΩM = 1 (SCDM), and a cold dark matter model with cosmological constant and ΩM + ΩΛ = 1 (ΛCDM) having ΩΛ = 0.55. Large-scale shocks result from accretion onto sheets, filaments, and knots of mass distribution on a scale of the order of ~5 h-1 Mpc in both scenarios. Energetic motions, partly residuals of past accretion processes and partly caused by current asymmetric inflow along filaments, end up generating additional shocks. These extend on a scale of the order of ~1 h-1 Mpc and envelop and penetrate deep inside the clusters. Collisions between substructures inside clusters also form merger shocks. Consequently, the topology of the shocks is very complex and highly connected. During cosmic evolution the comoving shock surface density decreases, reflecting the ongoing structure merger process in both scenarios. Accretion shocks have very high Mach numbers, typically between 10 and a few ×103, when photoheating of the preshock gas is not included. The characteristic shock velocity is of the order of vsh(z) = H(z)λnl(z), where λnl(z) is the wavelength scale of the nonlinear perturbation at the given epoch. However, the Mach number for merger and flow shocks (which occur within clusters) is usually smaller, in the range of ~3-10, corresponding to the fact that the intracluster gas is hot (i.e., already shock heated). Statistical fits of shock velocities around clusters as a function of cluster temperature give power-law functions in accord with those predicted by one-dimensional solutions. On the other hand, a very different result is obtained for the shock radius, reflecting extremely complex shock structures surrounding clusters of galaxies in three-dimensional simulations. The amount of inflowing kinetic energy across the shocks around clusters, which represents the power available for cosmic-ray acceleration, is comparable to the cluster X-ray luminosity emitted from a central region of radius 0.5 h-1 Mpc. Considering their large size and long lifetimes, those shocks are potentially interesting sites for cosmic-ray acceleration, if modest magnetic fields exist within them.
MACROSCOPIC POLARIZATION AND BAND OFFSETS AT NITRIDE HETEROJUNCTIONS

Ab initio electronic structure studies of prototypical polar interfaces of wurtzite III-V nitrides show that large uniform electric fields exist in epitaxial nitride overlayers, due to the discontinuity across the interface of the macroscopic polarization of the constituent materials. Polarization fields require a nonstandard evaluation of band offsets and formation energies: we find a large strain-induced asymmetry of the offset [0.2 eV for AlN/GaN (0001), 0.85 eV for GaN/AlN (0001)], and tiny interface formation energies.
High sensitivity giant magnetoresistance magnetic sensor using oscillatory domain wall displacement

A high sensitivity giant magnetoresistance (GMR) magnetic sensor has been demonstrated using the oscillatory domain wall displacing method. This sensor consists of a 30-μm-wide GMR element, CoFeB (10 nm)/Cu (2.2 nm)/CoFe (3 nm)/MnIr (10 nm), and a 100-μm-wide aluminum conducting wire placed onto the GMR element with an insulation layer between them. Domain walls in the free layer, whose easy axis is perpendicular to the length direction of GMR element, are oscillation-driven by a 140 kHz alternating magnetic field produced by an ac flowing through the aluminum conducting wire. The oscillatory wall displacement reduces the influence of wall coercivity and enables an output proportional to the external field. By applying a 1-kHz external field and separating the 1-kHz component from the amplified bridge signal using a band-pass filter, we successfully detected a magnetic field as small as 0.21 mOe (21 nT), which is much smaller than the wall coercivity of the free layer.
ANALYSIS OF LOVE IN “THE BROKEN WINGS” BY KAHLIL GIBRAN

Love is a priceless gift and without it, life feels empty. Therefore, keep love with loyalty, honesty, and be able to keep our heart from being stained just for self-satisfaction which will regret in the end. This expression may as the basis for the writing of the novel "Broken Wings" by Khalil Gibran, a poet, philosopher, and painter from Lebanon. This work is considered very beautiful and tells the story of the fate that broke the wings of Gibran's love for a Lebanese girl named Selma Karamy. The objective of this research is to describe the meaning of love found in “The Broken Wings” by Kahlil Gibran. Love is the main theme in this story. The love in it is not only for Gibran to Selma Karamy, but also Selma Karamy's affection for his father is a form of love. Selma Karamy, who is starting to grow up, feels restless about her father. He realized that she was a woman. "Indeed, the tears of an old man are more meaningful than the tears of youth”. Love is not only for lovers, a child can give love to his parents. But, in the novel Wings of Broken, the love of a couple is highlighted. With his extraordinary sensitivity, Kahlil Gibran weaves a love story about a beautiful and passionate couple. The strength of this novel lies in its poetic lyrics which are full of meaning and the criticism it conveys. Love is interpreted as an attempt to love, do not have to have a loved one. Because in the end all will be returned to God, the Owner of Love. In this case, Gibran sees Selma as a ray of light that leads him to understand the meaning of life. Selma led Gibran to enter willingly into the paradise of pure love and truth with her sweetness and love. In The Broken Wings, Gibran uses the story of Adam and Eve to illustrate his story. When the love has died (or forced to die), what remains is only a row of sorrow that resides on the tomb. Leaving sweet dreams and painful memories behind. Just like a broken wing, unable to flap anymore.
Functionalized GO Membranes for Efficient Separation of Acid Gases from Natural Gas: A Computational Mechanistic Understanding

Membrane separation technology is applied in natural gas processing, while a high-performance membrane is highly in demand. This paper considers the bright future of functionalized graphene oxide (GO) membranes in acid gas removal from natural gas. By molecular simulations, the adsorption and diffusion behaviors of several unary gases (N2, CH4, CO2, H2S, and SO2) are explored in the 1,4-phenylenediamine-2-sulfonate (PDASA)-doped GO channels. Molecular insights show that the multilayer adsorption of acid gases evaluates well by the Redlich-Peterson model. A tiny amount of PDASA promotes the solubility coefficient of CO2 and H2S, respectively, up to 4.5 and 5.3 mmol·g−1·kPa−1, nearly 2.5 times higher than those of a pure GO membrane, which is due to the improved binding affinity, great isosteric heat, and hydrogen bonds, while N2 and CH4 only show single-layer adsorption with solubility coefficients lower than 0.002 mmol·g−1·kPa−1, and their weak adsorption is insusceptible to PDASA. Although acid gas diffusivity in GO channels is inhibited below 20 × 10−6 cm2·s−1 by PDASA, the solubility coefficient of acid gases is certainly high enough to ensure their separation efficiency. As a result, the permeabilities (P) of acid gases and their selectivities (α) over CH4 are simultaneously improved (PCO2 = 7265.5 Barrer, αCO2/CH4 = 95.7; P(H2S+CO2) = 42075.1 Barrer, αH2S/CH4 = 243.8), which outperforms most of the ever-reported membranes. This theoretical study gives a mechanistic understanding of acid gas separation and provides a unique design strategy to develop high-performance GO membranes toward efficient natural gas processing.
Weyl node assisted conductivity switch in interfacial phase change memory with van der Waals interfaces

The interfacial phase-change memory (iPCM) GeTe/Sb2Te3, promising candidates for the next generation non-volatile random-access memories, exhibits fascinating topological properties. Depending on the atomic-layer-stacking sequence of the GeTe block, the iPCM can be either in the SET (Ge-Te-Ge-Te) or RESET (Te-Ge-Ge-Te) states, where the former exhibits ferroelectric polarization and electrical conductivity two orders of magnitude larger than that of the RESET state. But, its origin remains elusive. Here, we predict the emergence of a Weyl semimetal phase in the SET state induced by the ferroelectric polarization which breaks the crystal inversion symmetry. We show that the giant conductivity enhancement of the SET phase is due to the appearance of gapless Weyl nodes. The Ge-Te- or Sb-Te-terminated surfaces of Weyl semimetal iPCM produce surface states with completely distinctive topology, where the former consists solely of Fermi arcs while the latter consists of both closed Fermi surface and open Fermi arcs. The iPCM with van der Waals interfaces offers an ideal platform for exploiting the exotic Weyl properties for future memory device applications.
SN 2020zbf: A fast-rising hydrogen-poor superluminous supernova with strong carbon lines

SN 2020zbf is a hydrogen-poor superluminous supernova (SLSN) at $z = 0.1947$ that shows conspicuous C II features at early times, in contrast to the majority of H-poor SLSNe. Its peak magnitude is $M_ g $ = $-21.2$ mag and its rise time ($ 26.4$ days from first light) places SN 2020zbf among the fastest rising type I SLSNe. We used spectra taken from ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared wavelengths to identify spectral features. We paid particular attention to the C II lines as they present distinctive characteristics when compared to other events. We also analyzed UV and optical photometric data and modeled the light curves considering three different powering mechanisms: radioactive decay of 56Ni, magnetar spin-down, and circumstellar medium (CSM) interaction. The spectra of SN 2020zbf match the model spectra of a C-rich low-mass magnetar-powered supernova model well. This is consistent with our light curve modeling, which supports a magnetar-powered event with an ejecta mass ej M_ However, we cannot discard the CSM-interaction model as it may also reproduce the observed features. The interaction with H-poor, carbon-oxygen CSM near peak light could explain the presence of C II emission lines. A short plateau in the light curve around 35 -- 45 days after peak, in combination with the presence of an emission line at 6580 can also be interpreted as being due to a late interaction with an extended H-rich CSM. Both the magnetar and CSM-interaction models of SN 2020zbf indicate that the progenitor mass at the time of explosion is between 2 and 5 $ M_ Modeling the spectral energy distribution of the host galaxy reveals a host mass of M_ a star formation rate of M_ $, and a metallicity of sim 0.4 $ Z_ odot$.
Estimate of the regularly gridded 3D vector flow field from a set of tomographic maps

Time--distance inversions usually provide tomographic maps of the interesting plasma properties (we will focus on flows) at various depths. These maps however do not correspond directly to the flow field, but rather to the true flow field smoothed by the averaging kernels. We introduce a method to derive a regularly gridded estimate of the true velocity field from the set of tomographic maps. We aim mainly to reconstruct the flow on a uniform grid in the vertical domain. We derive the algorithm, implement it and validate using synthetic data. The use of the synthetic data allows us to investigate the influence of random noise and to develop the methodology to deal with it properly.
PROPOSAL OF A SEQUENTIAL METHOD FOR SPATIAL INTERPOLATION OF MODE CHOICE

The main objective of this study is to propose a sequential method for spatial interpolation of mode choice for household locations where choices are unobserved based on Decision Tree analysis and Geostatistics. Initially, Decision Tree analysis was applied in order to estimate the probability of mode choice in surveyed households, thus determining the numeric variable to be estimated by Ordinary Kriging. The data used is from the Origin-Destination Survey and Urban Transportation Evaluation Survey, carried out in 2007/2008 in the city of Sao Carlos (Sao Paulo/Brazil). The study area selected for geoestatistical modeling is a small region of the city with 110 sampling points. The mode choice was estimated for the study area revealing a tendency of increasing the probability of car usage from the center to the periphery of region. The proposed method can be an alternative to traditional approaches in both non-spatial modeling, especially for the case of lack of data from stated preference survey, as in spatial modeling, allowing estimation in various geographic coordinates.
New Insights Into Cyclone Impacts on Sea Ice in the Atlantic Sector of the Arctic Ocean in Winter

Based on the ERA5 reanalysis, we report on statistically significant impacts of transient cyclones on sea ice concentration (SIC) in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean in winter under “New Arctic” conditions (2000–2020). This includes a pattern of reduced SIC prior to and during cyclones for the whole study domain, while a regional difference between increased SIC in the Barents Sea and reduced SIC in the Greenland Sea is found as the net effect from 3 days prior to 5 days after the cyclone passage. Generally, locally low to medium SIC conditions combined with intense cyclones drive highest SIC changes. There are indications that both thermodynamic and dynamic effects contribute to the SIC changes, but a detailed quantification is required in future research. We provide evidence that cyclone impacts on SIC have amplified compared to the “Old Arctic” (1979–1999), particularly in the Barents Sea.
LS-SVM model based nonlinear predictive control for MCFC system

This paper describes a nonlinear model predictive controller for regulating a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC). In order to improve MCFC’s generating performance, prolong its life and guarantee safety, it must be controlled efficiently. First, the output voltage of an MCFC stack is identified by a least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) method with radial basis function (RBF) kernel so as to implement nonlinear predictive control. And then, the optimal control sequences are obtained by applying genetic algorithm (GA). The model and controller have been realized in the MATLAB environment. Simulation results indicated that the proposed controller exhibits satisfying control effect.
Hazardous Drinking Mediates the Relation Between Externalizing Personality and Reduced Adherence to COVID-19 Public Health Guidelines in University Students

Using a multigroup path analysis, we examined if hazardous alcohol use mediated the relations between elevated externalizing personality traits (i.e., impulsivity or sensation seeking) and reduced adherence to COVID-19 public health guidelines. We hypothesized that those high in externalizing personality traits would demonstrate less adherence to public health guidelines and that hazardous alcohol use would mediate this relationship. First- and second-year undergraduates (N = 1232; ages 18–25) from five Canadian universities participated in a cross-sectional survey between January to April 2021. Individuals with higher levels of impulsive or sensation seeking personality traits demonstrated poorer adherence to COVID-19 public health guidelines and these relations were mediated by hazardous alcohol use. Results suggest that hazardous drinking is an important target for students high in impulsivity and sensation seeking to increase their adherence to public health guidelines and thereby help control viral spread.