Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Galactic interstellar abundance surveys with IUE. II. The equivalent widths and column densities

This paper continues a survey of interstellar densities, abundances, and cloud structure in the Galaxy, using the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) satellite. Equivalent widths of 18 ultraviolet resonance transitions are presented and column densities for Si II, Mn II, Fe II, S II, and Zn II toward 261 early-type stars are derived. These equivalent widths and column densities agree within the stated errors of earlier Copernicus, BUSS, or IUE surveys of Mn II, Fe II, S II, and Zn II for 45 stars in common. The column densities are derived from single-component curves of growth with a common b-value based on that of Fe II and Si II. 63 references.
Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors With Interturn Short-Circuit Fault

In this brief, a hidden Markov model (HMM) is used to diagnose the severity of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) with interturn short-circuit (SC) fault. The fault diagnosis result in this brief is an extension of similar result for dc motors. When the fault severity allows for continuing operation of the motor, a bisecting search method is proposed to reduce torque ripples while maintaining maximum torque capability. The advantages of the new fault-tolerant control (FTC) method over other existing methods in the literature are analyzed. Torque ripples are significantly reduced compared with the existing FTCs in the literature. The assumption of SC resistance equal to zero made in another paper was eliminated.
Robust Operation Scheme of EV Charging Facility With Uncertain User Behavior

With the widespread of electric vehicles (EV), the necessity of installing EV charging facility has rapidly increased. Since operating EV charging facility are costly and complex, choosing a proper power operation scheme is critical in implementing a cost-effective charging service. Therefore, this article proposes an efficient power operation scheme for EV charging facility by jointly analyzing not only monetary issues with various power rate policies and battery wear-out costs of the energy storage system (ESS) but also the uncertainty issues caused by EV users' behavior under different charging requirements. By considering the issues, this article analyzes and formulates the problem with robust optimization techniques. By using the real-world EV operation datasets, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is analyzed in terms of daily peak power and total cost. In addition, by applying the proposed scheme in an actual power system, it is shown that the proposed scheme is able to reduce the overall cost by 20.5% and reduce peak power by 17.3% compared to other benchmark models.
A Jamming Aware Artificial Potential Field Method to Counter GPS Jamming for Unmanned Surface Ship Path Planning

Global positioning system (GPS) plays an important role in the path planning of unmanned surface ships. As we know, the civil GPS signal is not encrypted, and its structure is open. Meanwhile, the power strength of GPS signals arriving at receivers is weak. All of these make GPS vulnerable to jamming. GPS jamming attacks adversely affect the accuracy of the received GPS signals, thus affecting the path planning results of unmanned surface ships and even causing collisions. This article presents a jamming aware artificial potential field (JA-APF) method. The JA-APF method first determines whether GPS jamming exists in unmanned surface ships' surrounding environment by detecting the receivers' received signal strength and calculating the packet error rate. Then, the JA-APF method calculates the position range of the jamming source. Finally, the JA-APF method replans the path according to the resultant force of the attraction around the goal, the repulsion around obstacles, and the repulsion around multiple GPS jammers. Through the simulation, we determine the value of the repulsive potential factor of the jammer to optimize the path planning results of the JA-APF method and analyze the influence of the jamming power on the path planning results. The simulation results show that the JA-APF method can effectively solve the impact of GPS jamming on the results in the path planning process and recover as soon as possible.
A relative index on the space of embeddable CR-structures, I

We study the problem of embeddability for three dimensional CR-manifolds. Let (M, M0b) denote a compact, embeddable, strictly pseudoconvex CR-manifold and OS the orthogonal projection on ker 0&b. If 16b denotes a deformation of this CR-structure then 1&b is embeddable if and only if
Multiple self-protected spanning-trees-based architecture for fast recovery and load balance in metro ethernet

Ethernet is now expanding into the metro area networks. To address the fast recovery and load balance issues in Metro Ethernet, we propose a multiple self-protected spanning trees based architecture. A self-protected spanning tree can recover from the link failure without the help the other spanning trees, which is different from the spanning trees in all the previously advocated Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) based architectures. The Single Link Replace Mechanism (SLRM) is the essential of the proposed architecture. The SLRM transforms a self-protected spanning tree into another spanning tree by only replacing one link in the tree with another link out of the tree. The SLRM provides a recovery mechanism by replacing the failed link in the self-protected spanning tree with the normal link out of the tree, and makes a two-edge connected network survives any single link failure. It also provides an additional load balance mechanism by changing the topology of the spanning tree, which can not be implemented in the traditional MSTP-based architectures. The recovery and load balance mechanisms using the SLRM are detailed illustrated and evaluated using the sample networks. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the SLRM in achieving fast recovery and dynamic load balance.
Non-orthogonal cracks in a smeared finite element model

A new model for handling non‐orthogonal cracks within the smeared crack concept is described. It is based on a decomposition of the total strain increment into a concrete and into a crack strain increment. This decomposition also permits a proper combination of crack formation with other non‐linear phenomena such as plasticity and creep and with thermal effects and shrinkage. Relations are elaborated with some other crack models that are currently used for the analysis of concrete structures. The model is applied to some problems involving shear failures of reinforced concrete structures such as a moderately deep beam and an axisymmetric slab. The latter example is also of interest in that it confirms statements that ‘reduced integration’ is not reliable for problems involving crack formation and in that it supports the assertion that identifying numerical divergence with structural failure may be highly misleading.
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) Cultivation Combined with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation and Steel Slag Application Influences Trace Elements-Polluted Soil Bacterial Functioning

The cultivation of aromatic plants for the extraction of essential oils has been presented as an innovative and economically viable alternative for the remediation of areas polluted with trace elements (TE). Therefore, this study focuses on the contribution of the cultivation of coriander and the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in combination with mineral amendments (steel slag) on the bacterial function of the rhizosphere, an aspect that is currently poorly understood and studied. The introduction of soil amendments, such as steel slag or mycorrhizal inoculum, had no significant effect on coriander growth. However, steel slag changed the structure of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere without affecting microbial function. In fact, Actinobacteria were significantly less abundant under slag-amended conditions, while the relative proportion of Gemmatimonadota increased. On the other hand, the planting of coriander affects the bacterial community structure and significantly increased the bacterial functional richness of the amended soil. Overall, these results show that planting coriander most affected the structure and functioning of bacterial communities in the TE-polluted soils and reversed the effects of mineral amendments on rhizosphere bacterial communities and their activities. This study highlights the potential of coriander, especially in combination with steel slag, for phytomanagement of TE-polluted soils, by improving soil quality and health.
Investigation of usage of neat palm biodiesel in CI engine using cerium oxide nanoparticle addition to the fuel

This research focused on using neat palm biodiesel in a diesel engine to facilitate better combustion performances and discharge minimisation. The poor engine performance characteristics of biodiesel due to incomplete combustion were rectified using the test fuel consisting of Cerium Oxide nanoparticles which functioned as a catalyst. The test was conducted by the addition of 30 and 60 ppm cerium oxide nanoparticles with one litre of palm biodiesel and its outcomes were correlated with conventional diesel as well as palm biodiesel. The test results shows that the SFC was reduced by 5.71% and 9.85%, and the BTE improved by 1.06% and 1.61% under the usage of the 30 and 60 ppm CeO2 mixed neat palm biodiesel, respectively. Also, the undesirable emissions inclusive of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons were reduced extensively. The NOx was also reduced to a respectable level in the exhaust due to the addition of nanoparticles with the palm biodiesel.
Multidomain feature fusion method for small object classification: MDFF

Abstract. The task of classifying small objects is still challenging for current deep learning classification models [such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and vision transformers (ViTs)]. We believe that these algorithms are not designed specifically for small targets, so their feature extraction abilities for small targets are insufficient. To improve the classification capabilities of CNN-based and ViT-based classification models for small objects, two multidomain feature fusion (MDFF) frameworks are proposed to increase the amount of feature information derived from images and they are called MDFF-ConvMixer and MDFF-ViT. Compared with the basic model, the uniquely added design includes frequency domain feature extraction and MDFF processes. In the frequency domain feature extraction part, the input image is first transformed into a frequency domain form through discrete cosine transform (DCT) transformation and then a three-dimensional matrix containing the frequency domain information is obtained via channel splicing and reshaping. In the MDFF part, MDFF-ConvMixer splices the spatial and frequency domain features by channel, whereas MDFF-ViT uses a cross-attention mechanism to fuse the spatial and frequency domain features. When targeting small target classification tasks, these two frameworks obviously improve the utilized classification algorithm. On the DOTA dataset and the CIFAR10 dataset with two downsampling operations, the accuracies of MDFF-ConvMixer relative to ConvMixer increase from 87.82% and 62.14% to 90.14% and 66.00%, respectively, and the accuracies of MDFF-ViT relative to the ViT increase from 79.22% and 36.2% to 88.15% and 59.23%, respectively.
RESULTS OF LIGHT ABSORPTION/ATTENUATION MEASUREMENTS IN FINNISH AND ESTONIAN LAKES IN SUMMER 1997; pp. 46–62

The values of the inherent optical properties — attenuation, absorption, and scattering — were measured with an underwater spectral absorption/attenuation meter ac-9 in 12 Finnish and Estonian lakes in summer 1997. The lakesselected for the study were quite different in their optical properties. Our results showed significant differences between the lakes as well as in a single lake during the summer. The difference of the attenuation coefficient between May and August in four lakes was from 60 to 80%. Also the spectral dependence of the scattering coefficient showed high variability. The wavelength dependence was greater in some more turbid lakes than in clear lakes, which is contradictory to previous results.
A computational study of tunneling-percolation electrical transport in graphene-based nanocomposites

Using a tunneling-percolation model and Monte Carlo simulations, we study the resistivity of graphene-based nanocomposites as a function of both graphene sheet and device parameters. We observe an inverse power law dependence of resistivity on device dimensions and volume fraction near the percolation threshold, and find that high aspect ratio graphene sheets result in a much lower resistivity, particularly at low sheet densities. Furthermore, we find that graphene sheet area affects nanocomposite resistivity more strongly than sheet density does. These results impart important fundamental insights for future experimental investigations and applications of graphene-based conductive nanocomposites.
Corticosterone levels, leukocyte profiles, and foraging and diving behaviours of Humboldt penguins during chick rearing in Northern Chile

ABSTRACT Understanding the physiology of stress in wild animals is essential for the conservation of species subject to anthropogenic perturbations. Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) are exposed to increasing anthropogenic impacts in their natural habitat. In this species, females are typically smaller and dive less deep than males. In related species, the more limited foraging habitat of females and their reduced resiliency due to their smaller size were associated with higher mortality. We hypothesise that potential sex-specific differences in the foraging behaviour of Humboldt penguins may also relate to differences in their physiological stress. Here, we studied sex-specific foraging and diving behaviours and variations in plasma corticosterone levels and leukocyte profiles of Humboldt penguins during the chick-rearing period in Northern Chile. We report no evidence of sex-related differences in most foraging parameters, except that males dived significantly deeper than females. We found that plasma corticosterone levels and leukocyte profiles showed no significant differences between the sexes. Furthermore, there was no clear relationship between an individual’s foraging behaviour and its plasma corticosterone level or leukocyte profile. In summary, we found no support for sex-related differences in physiological stress levels of Humboldt penguins, and no link between their foraging behaviour and their physiological stress. However, we acknowledge that our sample size is small and that more studies are needed. This study contributes with information on the physiological stress and foraging behaviours of Humboldt penguins in Northern Chile. This information can help to understand context-dependent differences in physiological parameters and foraging behaviours for the species.
Development of luminaires using high power color LEDs and application to lighting system for color hologram

LEDs have been prevailing rapidly in the field of general lighting owing to the enhancement of output power and emission efficiency. We developed luminaires for general lighting using color LEDs. We also fabricated the lighting system for large size holograms by controlling the luminous flux of the arrayed LEDs. Multiple number of high brightness LEDs with honeycomb arrangement were used as a light source with red, green, and blue LEDs. The resolution and color of the reconstructed image from the color hologram were characterized quantitatively by using the luminaire.
Characterization of Ash from Sugar Palm [Arenga Pinnata (Wrumb) Merr.] Fiber for Industrial Application

ABSTRACT Sugar palm (Arenga Pinnata) fiber is abundant in Malaysia which necessitates its utilization as a source of agricultural waste for industrial development. This paper aims at characterizing the sugar palm fiber to explore its silica content as a potential renewable material. The sugar palm fiber was carbonized, and the ash obtained was characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESESM). The presence of amorphous silica (SiO2) with an average particle size of 41.25 nm was revealed by X-ray diffraction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the presence of functional groups such as silane and siloxane groups, and thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry identified the main degradation stages of the sugar palm fiber ash, and the decomposition of hemicellulose, lignin, cellulose, and carbonate to other oxides. The energy dispersive spectroscopy of the sugar palm fiber ash confirmed silica to be of the highest amount than other elements. Sugar palm fiber ash has been found as a possible silica substitute and a prospective industrial resource.
3D Printing of pH Indicator Auxetic Hydrogel Skin Wound Dressing

The benefits of enclosing pH sensors into wound dressings include treatment monitoring of wounded skin and early detection of developing chronic conditions, especially for diabetic patients. A 3D printed re-entrant auxetic hydrogel wound dressing, doped with pH indicator phenol red dye, was developed and characterized. The re-entrant auxetic design allows wound dressing adhesion to complex body parts, such as joints on arms and legs. Tensile tests revealed a yield strength of 140 kPa and Young’s modulus of 78 MPa. In addition, the 3D-printed hydrogel has a swelling capacity of up to 14%, limited weight loss to 3% in six days, and porosity of near 1.2%. A reasonable pH response resembling human skin pH (4–10) was obtained and characterized. The integration of color-changing pH indicators allows patients to monitor the wound’s healing process using a smartphone. In addition to the above, the mechanical properties and their dependence on post-processing were studied. The results show that the resin composition and the use of post-treatments significantly affect the quality and durability of the wound dressings. Finally, a poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) and water-based adhesive was developed and used to demonstrate the performance of the auxetic wound dressing when attached to moving body joints.
Problem of singularity in Ludwig's algorithm

Ludwig's algorithm is an algorithm that is widely used in physical optics method. However, the problem of singularity always exist both in the original Ludwig's algorithm and the Ludwig's algorithm based on triangular mesh. Because of this, the problem of singularity is studied further in this paper and a more logical solution to the problem is presented. The validity of the solution given can be seen from the numerical results. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 400–403, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22168
Time-varying image quality : modelling the relation between instantaneous and overall quality

Experiments are described that evaluated a model linking instantaneously perceived quality to overall quality judgments of long video sequences. Subjects evaluated a 3-min MPEG-2 coded video sequence by means of a a continuous assessment procedure. Additionally, they rated overall quality of segments of 10, 30, 60, and 180 sec of the same video material. The model describing the relation between the instantaneous and overall quality ratings contains two main ingredients, viz. an exponentially decaying weighting function, simulating the experimentally established recall advantage for the most recently presented material (called the recency effect), and a non-linear averaging procedure stressing the relative importance of strong impairments. The fit of the model to the experimental data resulted in a decay time constant of 26 sec and a power of 3 for the nonlinear weighting. These findings suggest that subjects rely predominantly on the worst events of a sequence when determining their overall quality judgment.
Work-modulated queues with applications to storage processes

We study two FIFO single-server queueing models in which both the arrival and service processes are modulated by the amount of work in the system. In the first model, the nth customer's service time, Sn , depends upon their delay, Dn , in a general Markovian way and the arrival process is a non-stationary Poisson process (NSPP) modulated by work, that is, with an intensity that is a general deterministic function g of work in system V(t). Some examples are provided. In our second model, the arrivals once again form a work-modulated NSPP, but, each customer brings a job consisting of an amount of work to be processed that is i.i. d. and the service rate is a general deterministic function r of work. This model can be viewed as a storage (dam) model (Brockwell et al. (1982)), but, unlike previous related literature, (where the input is assumed work-independent and stationary), we allow a work-modulated NSPP. Our approach involves an elementary use of Foster's criterion (via Tweedie (1976)) and in addition to obtaining new results, we obtain new and simplified proofs of stability for some known models. Using further criteria of Tweedie, we establish sufficient conditions for the steady-state distribution of customer delay and sojourn time to have finite moments.