Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal changes in photosynthesis and photoprotection in a Quercus ilex subsp. ballota woodland located in its upper altitudinal extreme in the Iberian Peninsula.

Quercus ilex L. subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp. , a Mediterranean evergreen species growing in a continental Mediterranean climate, did not experience water stress and showed greater sensitivity to winter stress than to summer stress over a 12-month period. Net CO2 assimilation rates and photosystem II (PSII) efficiency decreased markedly during the cold months and recovered completely in spring. Lutein, neoxanthin and beta-carotene to chlorophyll (Chl) molar ratios all showed the same trend throughout the year, increasing from September to March. This increase was a result of increases in carotenoid concentrations, because Chl concentration per unit leaf area remained stable, and was higher at the end than at the beginning of the first growing season. Lutein-epoxide was a minor component of the total lutein pool. Thermal energy dissipation and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were associated with the de-epoxidated forms of the xanthophyll cycle pigments in the warm months. Photosynthetic rates decreased slightly at midday in summer. These changes were accompanied by decreases in maximum potential PSII efficiency (which recovered during the night), actual and intrinsic PSII efficiencies, photochemical quenching and increases in NPQ. Overall, our data indicate down-regulation of photosynthesis during the summer. The diurnal de-epoxidation of violaxanthin to antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin occurred throughout the year, except in January. Antioxidant enzymatic activity increased in the winter months, especially during the coldest months, highlighting its key role in photoprotection against photo-oxidation. Structural and functional modifications protected PSII from permanent damage and allowed 1-year-old leaves to photosynthesize at high rates when temperatures increased in spring.
Network Rerun Viewing in the Age of New Programming Services

This mail survey in a midwestern city compared original viewing of the top 20 programs of the 1985–1986 season with rerun viewing. Only a minority of sample households admitted to frequent rerun viewing. The typical rerun enthusiast was something of a television addict, satisfied with current programming. These hard-core viewers, though small in number, were very devoted to network television. These rerun viewers contrasted with a new group of demographically attractive video adventurers who were more eager to experiment with programs and video technologies. Those who grew up with the newer technologies were more likely to experiment.
L'héritage de Léon-H. Dupriez : un survol

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the reader within the framework of the scientific works of Leon-H. Dupriez, leveraging on the contributions gathered in the current issue of Reflets et Perspectives. The survey looks into the different aspects of the publication. The first section is devoted to Dupriez’ most characteristic contribution, i.e. a masterpiece of economic epistemology. The following sections are addressing the issues of business cycles with their instabilities, of money and finance with their financial crises, of the vision of entrepreneurship and, finally, the understanding of a sustainable economic policy. The survey also offers a summary of the papers enclosed in this publication.
An Optical Model for Translucent Volume Rendering and Its Implementation Using the Preintegrated Shear-Warp Algorithm

In order to efficiently and effectively reconstruct 3D medical images and clearly display the detailed information of inner structures and the inner hidden interfaces between different media, an Improved Volume Rendering Optical Model (IVROM) for medical translucent volume rendering and its implementation using the preintegrated Shear-Warp Volume Rendering algorithm are proposed in this paper, which can be readily applied on a commodity PC. Based on the classical absorption and emission model, effects of volumetric shadows and direct and indirect scattering are also considered in the proposed model IVROM. Moreover, the implementation of the Improved Translucent Volume Rendering Method (ITVRM) integrating the IVROM model, Shear-Warp and preintegrated volume rendering algorithm is described, in which the aliasing and staircase effects resulting from under-sampling in Shear-Warp, are avoided by the preintegrated volume rendering technique. This study demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method.
Evaporation of ion-irradiated disks

We calculate the evaporation of a cool accretion disk around a black hole due to the ion-bombardment by an ion sup- ported accretion flow (here ISAF, or optically thin ADAF). As first suggested by Spruit & Deufel (2002), this evaporation takes place in two stages: ion bombardment of the cool disk (Shakura-Sunyaev disk: SSD) produces an intermediate-temperature layer on top of the disk ("warm layer") which constitutes an independent accretion flow on both sides of the SSD. As this warm material accretes inward of the inner radius of the SSD, it becomes thermally unstable by lack of cooling of photons, and evaporates into the ISAF, thereby feeding the latter. Angular momentum conservation forces a certain fraction of the ISAF material to move outward, where it can bombard the SSD with its hot ions. The flow geometry is derived by computing sta- tionary solutions of the continuity- and angular momentum equations for the three components (ISAF, warm flow and SSD). The overall radiative output is dominated by hard X-rays. They are produced mostly from the warm component, rather than the ISAF. The expected time dependence and stability of the flow, not computed here, is discussed briefly.
An evaluation of adolescents from divorced families

Abstract This study attempts to understand the demographical and social–cultural characteristics of adolescents whose parents are divorced; their experiences before and after the divorce; their social support systems; psychological problems they have suffered after the divorce; their ideas about sexuality, flirting, marriage and having a child; and their perceptions about the present and the future. This was a survey-based study. The research population constituted 106 adolescents aged between 16 and 25 years in Ankara, Turkey, and was conducted between 15 March and 30 April 2005. The researcher conducted interviews using a questionnaire. In addition, the Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support was used. The findings of this research reveal that demographic characteristics and age, gender and educational level of the adolescents whose parents are divorced have affected the informants on varying levels. It also demonstrates that the adolescents who live with their mother after the divorce have experienced fewer problems than those who live with their father. With regard to the current lifestyle of the subjects, the adolescents' ideas on having a relationship with the opposite sex, focusing on marriage and having children, and their perceptions of the future are not influenced on a significant level. Furthermore, according to the findings, adolescents receive much more social support from their friends than from other sources of support.
Risk factors for level V lymph node metastases in solitary papillary thyroid carcinoma with clinically lateral lymph node metastases

The extent of lateral neck dissection (LND) in surgical resection of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with clinically lateral LNM (LLNM) remains controversial. We aimed to explore the frequency of and risk factors for level V LNM in patients with solitary PTC and clinically LLNM. To analyze the frequency and risk factors for level V LNM, we retrospectively reviewed 220 solitary PTC patients who underwent total thyroidectomy, bilateral central neck dissection, and therapeutic LND. LLNM were present in 82.3% patients, and levels II–V LNM were present in 45.9%, 62.7%, 55.5%, and 12.3% patients, respectively. Ipsilateral level V LNM was significantly associated with tumor size >10 mm, extrathyroidal extension, ipsilateral central LNM ratio ≥50%, and contralateral central LNM (CLNM), bilateral CLNM, and simultaneous levels II–IV LNM. Contralateral CLNM was an independent risk factor for level V LNM. In patients with solitary PTC and clinically LLNM, level V LNM was relatively uncommon. Therefore, routine level V lymphadenectomy may be unnecessary in these patients unless level V LNM is suspected on preoperative examination or associated risk factors, especially contralateral CLNM, are present.
The Evolution of Recombination under Domestication: A Test of Two Hypotheses

The successful domestication of wild plants has been one of the most important human accomplishments of the last 10,000 yr. Though our empirical knowledge of the genetic mechanisms of plant domestication is still relatively limited, there exists a large body of theory that offers a host of hypotheses on the genetics of domestication. Two of these that have not been addressed concern the role of recombination in the process of domestication. The first predicts an increase in recombination rate through domestication, while the second argues that recombination rate should serve as a preadaptation to domestication. This study makes use of data on chiasma frequencies available from almost a century of plant cytogenetical literature to test these two hypotheses. The results support the hypothesis that domestication selects for an increase in recombination, and in rejecting the preadaptation hypothesis, they suggest directions for future research into the possibility of preadaptation to domestication.
A Simple Bayesian Procedure for Sample Size Determination in an Audit of Property Value Appraisals

The article proposes a simple Bayesian technique for auditing property appraisals to determine whether state accuracy guidelines are met. The proposed technique addresses elicitation of appraisers' prior beliefs, computation of reappraisal sample sizes and reporting of audit results. To facilitate communication of quantitative audit findings to nonstatistician stakeholders, the concept of variance appears nowhere in prior elicitation or reporting. In contrast to classical frequentist techniques, the Bayesian procedure easily integrates expert judgment and responds flexibly to the arrival of new information. In addition, the Bayesian procedure significantly reduces the number of reappraisals required to regulate appraisal systems when they are functioning well. The technique can be applied in other settings where government officials audit their own work and must convince overseers, especially the public, that accuracy requirements are satisfied.
Acoustic Emission Analysis of Tooth-Composite Interfacial Debonding

This study detected tooth-composite interfacial debonding during composite restoration by means of acoustic emission (AE) analysis and investigated the effects of composite properties and adhesives on AE characteristics. The polymerization shrinkage, peak shrinkage rate, flexural modulus, and shrinkage stress of a methacrylate-based universal hybrid, a flowable, and a silorane-based composite were measured. Class I cavities on 49 extracted premolars were restored with 1 of the 3 composites and 1 of the following adhesives: 2 etch-and-rinse adhesives, 2 self-etch adhesives, and an adhesive for the silorane-based composite. AE analysis was done for 2,000 sec during light-curing. The silorane-based composite exhibited the lowest shrinkage (rate), the longest time to peak shrinkage rate, the lowest shrinkage stress, and the fewest AE events. AE events were detected immediately after the beginning of light-curing in most composite-adhesive combinations, but not until 40 sec after light-curing began for the silorane-based composite. AE events were concentrated at the initial stage of curing in self-etch adhesives compared with etch-and-rinse adhesives. Reducing the shrinkage (rate) of composites resulted in reduced shrinkage stress and less debonding, as evidenced by fewer AE events. AE is an effective technique for monitoring, in real time, the debonding kinetics at the tooth-composite interface.
Echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension: marker for future events or mediator of events?

Purpose of review To discuss the most relevant studies on the prognostic impact of echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension. Recent findings There is abundant evidence from epidemiological studies that increased left ventricular mass identifies hypertensive patients at increased risk of major cardiac and cerebrovascular events. Looking at the geometric patterns of the left ventricle, concentric remodelling and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy carry the highest risk for adverse events. Patients with left ventricular hypertrophy reversal as an effect of treatment are exposed to a lesser risk of events as compared with patients with persistence of left ventricular hypertrophy. Reversal of concentric remodelling predicts a lesser risk of adverse events compared with persistence of remodelling. Experimental evidence is accumulating that several haemodynamic and nonhaemodynamic factors which are able to promote progression of atherosclerosis through plaque growth and destabilization may also induce left ventricular hypertrophy by acting on myocyte and interstitium. Increased left ventricular mass may also be a causative factor for reduced pumping performance and arrhythmias. Summary Increased left ventricular mass is a marker of cardiovascular risk because it reflects and integrates the long-term level of activity of factors inducing progression of atherosclerosis. Increased left ventricular mass may also mediate myocardial ischaemia with potential evolution towards heart failure and arrhythmias.
Detecting stealthy P2P botnets using statistical traffic fingerprints

Peer-to-peer (P2P) botnets have recently been adopted by botmasters for their resiliency to take-down efforts. Besides being harder to take down, modern botnets tend to be stealthier in the way they perform malicious activities, making current detection approaches, including [6], ineffective. In this paper, we propose a novel botnet detection system that is able to identify stealthy P2P botnets, even when malicious activities may not be observable. First, our system identifies all hosts that are likely engaged in P2P communications. Then, we derive statistical fingerprints to profile different types of P2P traffic, and we leverage these fingerprints to distinguish between P2P botnet traffic and other legitimate P2P traffic. Unlike previous work, our system is able to detect stealthy P2P botnets even when the underlying compromised hosts are running legitimate P2P applications (e.g., Skype) and the P2P bot software at the same time. Our experimental evaluation based on real-world data shows that the proposed system can achieve high detection accuracy with a low false positive rate.
A Routing-Based Mobility Management Scheme for IoT Devices in Wireless Mobile Networks

Internet of Things (IoT) devices, which have different characteristics in mobility and communication patterns from traditional mobile devices such as cellular phones, have come into existence as a new type of mobile devices. A strict mobility management scheme for providing highly mobile devices with seamless access is over-engineered for IoT devices’ mobility management. We revisit current mobility management schemes for wireless mobile networks based on identifier/locator separation. In this paper, we focus on IoT communication patterns, and propose a new routing-based mobility scheme for them. Our scheme adopts routing information aggregation scheme using the Bloom Filter as a data structure to store routing information. We clarify the effectiveness of our scheme in IoT environments with a large number of IoT devices, and discuss its deployment issues. key words: Internet of Things (IoT), mobility management, routing architecture, Bloom Filter
The Safety of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in a Population With High-Risk Cardiovascular Diseases

Background—Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) with measurement of peak oxygen uptake (VO2) is a powerful test for assessment and quantification of functional impairment resulting from cardiovascular disease. The safety of CPX has been established in patients with coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure, but clinical use of CPX in other cardiac diseases has been limited, in part because of a paucity of safety data. This study investigates the safety of CPX in a heterogeneous cohort of patients with a wide variety of underlying high-risk cardiac diagnoses. Methods and Results—This single-center retrospective review examined 5060 CPX studies performed in 4250 unique patients, including 1748 (35%) female subjects and 686 (14%) subjects aged ≥75 years. The primary end point was major adverse event during stress testing. The study population included patients with a variety of high-risk cardiac diseases, including congestive heart failure (n=1289, 25.5%), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n=598, 11.8%), pulmonary hypertension (n=194, 3.8%), and aortic stenosis (n=212, 4.2%). This patient population generally had severe functional impairment, including 1192 (24%) patients with peak VO2<14 mL/kg/min. Eight adverse events occurred during CPX, for an adverse event rate of 0.16%. The most common adverse event (n=6) was sustained ventricular tachycardia. There were no fatal events. Conclusions—CPX is generally a safe procedure, even in a population with underlying high-risk cardiovascular diagnoses.
A $1/2 \times {\hbox {VDD}}$ to $3 \times {\hbox {VDD}}$ Bidirectional I/O Buffer With a Dynamic Gate Bias Generator

This paper presents a wide-range I/O buffer able to transmit and receive signals of 0.9/1.2/1.8/3.3/5.0 V by using a typical 0.18 μm CMOS process. The Dynamic gate bias circuit in the proposed I/O buffer is composed of two voltage converters, an EOS (Electrical Overstress) protector, and standard logic cells. A High voltage detector detects voltage level of VDDIO and then generates several bias voltages to the Dynamic gate bias circuit. By using the Dynamic gate bias generator to generate appropriate gate drives for the triple-stacked MOS transistors in the Output stage, the gate-oxide overstress and hot-carrier degradation are avoided. A Floating N-well circuit in the proposed I/O buffer is used to remove undesirable leakage current paths. The proposed I/O buffer can operate at 10/40/50/40/10 MHz when VDDIO are biased at 5.0/3.3/1.8/1.2/0.9 V, respectively. The maximum speed is 50 MHz given a 19 pF load. The maximum static power consumption is merely 3.9 μW justified by the measurements on silicon.
‘Because my friends are’: the impact of peer groups on the intention to stay on at sixteen

Abstract This article presents an empirical investigation into the role of peer groups on the intention to continue on to further study by students in full-time education at the age of 16. Estimates are derived via random effects nominal logit regression analysis and data from the Bradford Youth Cohort. Our results suggest that peer groups have a strong and significant impact on whether boys intend to stay on to post-compulsory education, but this is not so for girls. Furthermore, an array of factors appear to influence the intention decision for boys, whereas girls only appear to be influenced by their perceived ability.
Molecular and physiological responses of Pisum sativum and Vicia faba to sodium azide

Seeds of Pisum sativum and Vicia faba were pre-soaked in either 1.0, 2.0 or 4.0 mM of sodium azide (NaN3) for 30 min, 1 h or 2 hs then, sown in clay soil in plastic pots under conditions of 25/18°C day/night and natural light (16/8 h day/night) and the seedlings were harvested after 21 days. The results revealed that total phenols, H2O2, malondialdehyde and the activities of catalase, peroxidase and DPPH scavenging activity in both plant were gradually increased with the increase in NaN3 concentration and soaking time. The isozymes of α- and βesterases and α-amylase had number of loci ranged from two (α-amylase) to four (α-esterase) in pea, while in bean, it was three for the three investigated enzymes. The ISSR analysis revealed that both plants showed highly significant increase in the appearance of bands by the highest treatment of NaN3, especially with the longest duration. Pea produced 14 polymorphic, 9 monomorphic and 4 unique bands, while bean produced 14 polymorphic, 8 monomorphic and 3 unique bands.
Kernel Methods for Predictive Sequence Analysis

This tutorial is meant for a broad audience: Students, researchers, biologists and computer scientist interested in (a) an overview of general and efficient algorithms for statistical learning used in computational biology, (b) sequence kernels for the problems such as promoter or splice site detection. No specific knowledge will be required since the tutorial is self-contained and most fundamental concepts are introduced during the course. The slides and additional tutorial material are available at http://www.fml. mpg.de/raetsch/projects/gcbtutorial
Compliance-Gaining as a Function of Accent: Public Requests in Varieties of Danish.

This paper is concerned with exploring the relationship between cooperative behaviour and public requests voiced in different Danish accents. Following a method devised by Bourhis and Giles (1976), audiences in a Danish provincial town's five-screen cinema were asked, over the loudspeaker system, to assist in the planning of future film programmes by completing a questionnaire. This procedure was conducted on four successive nights, each night using a new guise, all of which represented possible norms in the local speech community (viz., Standard Danish, mild and broad Zealand, and Copenhagen varieties). The five audiences were characterized on a series of background variables, making it possible ultimately to demonstrate how different social groups display different levels of cooperation as a function of the guised requests. Although compliance-gaining was overall most effective when the request was voiced in Standard Danish, intriguing large-scale differences between audiences emerged. Implications of these findings for applied settings are given, as are their relevance for studies in language attitudes in general.
MRI Reconstruction Based on Inverse Scale Space and Contourlet Thresholding

in clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), any reduction in scan time offers a number of potential benefits ranging from high-temporal-rate observation of physiological processes to improvements in patient comfort. In this paper we proposed a reconstruction algorithm by applying contourlet thresholding in inverse scale space flows. We improved the inverse scale space with the noise item in which there is some meaning information and take full advantage of coutourlet transform's characters: perfect reconstruction, noise restraint and good directional selectivity. Several example MRI reconstructions from highly undersampled K-space data are presented for recovery of detailed features from incomplete and inaccurate measurements. Keywords-MRI; Inverse Scale Space; reconstruction;contourlet