Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First Report of Hemp Fusarium Wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum in Croatia

Wilted hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plants were observed in August 2019 in commercial fields around Osijek, Croatia. Plants and roots with disease symptoms were collected. The single-spored isolates produced septate cottony white to light pink aerial mycelium and purple undersurface on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Smooth and hyaline hyphae were branched and septate. Macroconidia were fusiform to sickle-shaped with foot-shaped basal cells, elongated apical cells and three to five septa. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer and the partial elongation factor 1-α gene identified the species as Fusarium oxysporum. Artificial infection fulfills Koch’s postulates, producing plants which show stunted growth and wilt symptoms similar to those observed in the commercial fields. Control seedlings remained symptomless and healthy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of hemp Fusarium wilt causing F. oxysporum in Croatia. Considering that F. oxysporum has been reported in main field crops in Croatia, the presence of this pathogen could cause economically significant hemp production decreases, especially in humid and cold springs and susceptible varieties.
Advancing Brain Tumor Classification through Fine-Tuned Vision Transformers: A Comparative Study of Pre-Trained Models

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the classification of brain tumor images using five pre-trained vision transformer (ViT) models, namely R50-ViT-l16, ViT-l16, ViT-l32, ViT-b16, and ViT-b32, employing a fine-tuning approach. The objective of this study is to advance the state-of-the-art in brain tumor classification by harnessing the power of these advanced models. The dataset utilized for experimentation consists of a total of 4855 images in the training set and 857 images in the testing set, encompassing four distinct tumor classes. The performance evaluation of each model is conducted through an extensive analysis encompassing precision, recall, F1-score, accuracy, and confusion matrix metrics. Among the models assessed, ViT-b32 demonstrates exceptional performance, achieving a high accuracy of 98.24% in accurately classifying brain tumor images. Notably, the obtained results outperform existing methodologies, showcasing the efficacy of the proposed approach. The contributions of this research extend beyond conventional methods, as it not only employs cutting-edge ViT models but also surpasses the performance of existing approaches for brain tumor image classification. This study not only demonstrates the potential of ViT models in medical image analysis but also provides a benchmark for future research in the field of brain tumor classification.
Effects of dominant ant species on ant community structure and ant–hemipteran interactions

Ants often interact aggressively for resources (e.g. nest sites and food) with members of their own or another species. In these competitive interactions, dominant ant species exert a strong influence on ant species coexistence and plant‐associated arthropod community structure. However, few studies have experimentally manipulated the relative abundance of dominant ant species on plants, preventing a mechanistic understanding of the effects of ant competitive interactions on ant community structure as well as on their interactions with other insects, particularly mutualistic hemipterans. In this study, we performed a field experiment in a tropical dry forest in Brazil to investigate the effects of two dominant ant species (Camponotus crassus and Cephalotes pusillus) on the structure ant communities and the abundance of the ant‐tended hemipteran Enchenopa brasiliensis in Solanum lycocarpum plants. For this, we identified and quantified all ant species foraging on plants and estimated the number of egg masses, nymphs and adults of the mutualistic hemipteran before and after experimentally removing nests of both two dominant ant species. Our results showed that removal of C. pusillus nests significantly changed ant community structure, whereas removal of C. crassus nests did not. We also found that nest removal of both dominant ant species had significant effects on hemipteran abundance. In particular, plants generally hosted more hemipteran eggs, nymphs and adults after (vs before) nest removal of both dominant ant species. Overall, this study demonstrates that dominant ant species can play a pivotal role in structuring ant communities and the interactions between ants and honeydew‐producing hemipteran insects.
Evaluation of the Weather Research and Forecast Model Over Dugway, Utah, During 2009

Abstract : The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) performed numerous case studies of the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model at horizontal resolutions of 3 and 1 km to better understand weather output for military use. ARL's devised model sensitivity experiments of several WRF parameterizations including the vertical resolution of 40, 60, and 80 levels, model time steps of 9 and 3 seconds, three different explicit microphysics, and the two planetary boundary layer options. Model output was studied for numerous different meteorological parameters, but most of the effort was aimed at analyzing surface features such as wind, temperature, moisture, and precipitation to better understand how the different parameterizations influenced the surface-based observations. Four diverse meteorological days were studied and statistical results showed little difference between each model simulation. However, significant differences in some of the meteorological variables and some model errors were discovered. These model discrepancies are discussed in detail.
Visual Pollution: Advertising, Signage and Environmental Quality

Contents: Preface Introduction: synopsis of each chapter and glossary of concepts. Part I The Theoretical Debate: Visual Quality of Public Spaces Versus Commercial Signage: User's perception and cognition of the built environment Consumer culture, marketing the city and urban tourism Reviewing commercial signage controls in different countries. Part II The Empirical Investigation: The Effects of Commercial Signage on People's Quality of Life: Empirical investigation - England and Brazil People's quality of life and commercial signage control management User's preference and satisfaction with historic streetscapes Commercial signage and building design: positive and negative factors. Conclusion: what is needed to enhance visual quality in historic and commercial city centres? Appendices References Index.
Effects of a Clinical Simulation-Based Training Program for Nursing Students to Address Social Isolation and Loneliness in the Elderly: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Introduction: The population of older adults is rapidly increasing worldwide, presenting both prospects and complexities for society and healthcare professionals to maximize the functional capacity of this age group. Social isolation and loneliness significantly affect this population. The objective was to determine the effectiveness, satisfaction, and perceptions of the simulation-based education practices of a training program for nursing students, which was created to palliate the social isolation and loneliness of older adults. Method: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with nursing students who participated in an online training program using teleservice based on high-fidelity clinical simulation. The program included asynchronous theoretical training and synchronous practical training using an online platform. Five scenarios were designed using simulated phone calls to address the social isolation and loneliness of older adults. Results: Twenty-five nursing students participated in the program, and they had a mean age of 27.44, with 76% of them being women. After the training program, the participants showed statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) with respect to their knowledge and attitudes towards older adults, and the program was adapted to the best educational practices in simulations. Conclusions: Simulation-based online training efficiently improved the knowledge and attitudes of nursing students towards older adults, improving their ability to address social isolation and loneliness. The high satisfaction and adhesion to the best educational practices underline the usefulness of high-fidelity online simulations, especially in situations in which face-to-face training is not feasible, and accessibility and equilibrium could be guaranteed between work and personal life.
Women and adaptation

This article addresses the uneven impacts of climate change on women. To date, there has been a significant emphasis on climate science and technological solutions to aid mitigation and adaptation strategies. This has led to a form of global managerialism that presupposes that all people can adapt with the right resources and knowledge. In this article, it is argued that the differential impacts of climate change on women demand that climate actions and strategies require gender sensitivity and that further research on climate change, adaptations, and actions includes a gendered analysis. WIREs Clim Change 2013, 4:351–358. doi: 10.1002/wcc.232
Clinical Outcome after Clavicular Hook Plate Fixation for Displaced Medial-End Clavicle Fractures

Background Surgery of the medial end of the clavicle remains a challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Moreover, there is no standard surgical procedure for treating displaced fractures or dislocation of the medial clavicle. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of using a hook plate for treating medial-end clavicular fractures and present functional outcomes. Methods We retrospectively investigated 18 patients who underwent surgery with a hook plate from July 2016 to December 2021. There were 14 men and 4 women with a mean age of 57.4 years. Fracture union was assessed at follow-up by computed tomography (CT). Other outcome parameters were complications, including implant failure, infection, nonunion, osteolysis of sternal manubrium, and migration of the hook portion. Range of motion (ROM), visual analog scale (VAS), Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Quick DASH), and American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES) scores were evaluated 6 months postoperatively and at the last follow-up. Results The mean operation time was 43.8 minutes (range, 35–50 minutes) and the mean follow-up was 22.8 months (range, 12–42 months). Bone union was confirmed in all cases. The mean union time was 6.2 months (range, 6–7 months). Implant removal was performed routinely according to the clinical course in 17 cases. The mean implant removal time was 10.0 months (range, 6–14 months). Clinical and functional outcomes measured at the last follow-up were significantly improved compared to those at 6 months postoperatively (p < 0.05). Regarding complications, there were 6 cases (33.3%) of osteolysis of the sternal manubrium. Although the anteroposterior length of the manubrium and hook depth showed significant differences between the non-osteolysis group and the osteolysis group (p = 0.024), ROM, VAS, Quick DASH, and ASES scores were not significantly different between the two groups (all p > 0.05). Conclusions Clavicle hook plating can be a safe and effective method that can be easily applied with good outcomes if it is used with appropriate surgical planning and technique for medial-end clavicle fracture. CT scans are useful for preoperative planning and postoperative evaluation of bone union or complications.
Research on Self-Stiffness Adjustment of Growth-Controllable Continuum Robot (GCCR) Based on Elastic Force Transmission

Continuum robots have good adaptability in unstructured and complex environments. However, affected by their inherent nature of flexibility and slender structure, there are challenges in high-precision motion and load. Thus, stiffness adjustment for continuum robots has consistently attracted the attention of researchers. In this paper, a stiffness adjustment mechanism (SAM) is proposed and built in a growth-controllable continuum robot (GCCR) to improve the motion accuracy in variable scale motion. The self-stiffness adjustment is realized by antagonism through cable force transmission during the length change of the continuum robot. With a simple structure, the mechanism has a scarce impact on the weight and mass distribution of the robot and required no independent actuators for stiffness adjustment. Following this, a static model considering gravity and end load is established. The presented theoretical static model is applicable to predict the shape deformations of robots under different loads. The experimental validations showed that the maximum error ratio is within 5.65%. The stiffness of the robot can be enhanced by nearly 79.6%.
Early Echocardiography and ECG Changes Following Radiotherapy in Patients with Stage II–III HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Treated with Anthracycline-Based Chemotherapy with or without Trastuzumab-Based Therapy

Background Cardiotoxicity from radiotherapy and anti-cancer therapies have been reported in patients with breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate the early echocardiography and ECG changes following radiotherapy in 68 patients ages 30–78 years with stages II–III HER2-positive breast cancer treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy with or without trastuzumab-based therapy from 2015 to 2021. Material/Methods We analyzed data of 68 breast cancer patients aged 30–78 years, predominantly in AJCC stages II–III (61) and HER2-positive (58), treated and monitored from 2015 to 2021. Cardiac function was assessed using echo- and electrocardiography. We employed univariate logistic models to gauge associations between pre-existing cardiac conditions, treatment modalities, and changes in cardiac function. Results A decrease in the left ventricle ejection fraction (EF) by >5% was associated with heart doses >49.3 Gy and with maximum and average doses to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) exceeding 46.9 Gy and 32.7 Gy, respectively. An EF drop of ≥10% was correlated with anti-HER2 therapy, pre-existing ECG changes, and the onset of conditions in the left ventricle, major vessels, and valves. Conditions were exacerbated in patients with prior echocardiographic abnormalities, while some emerged concurrent with the EF decline. Conclusions This research emphasizes the importance of personalized heart monitoring and care for breast cancer patients undergoing multimodal therapies. Significant and potentially irreversible EF declines can result from radiation and anti-HER2 treatments.
Threat Assessment Strategy of Human-in-the-Loop Unmanned Underwater Vehicle Under Uncertain Events

Gls UUV is an intelligent underwater platform that can operate autonomously. However, it is difficult for unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) to make correct decisions timely and independently in the face of uncertain events. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the threat of uncertain events and guide UUV to make timely and accurate decisions. This article studies the threat assessment strategy of a human-in-the-loop UUV under uncertain events. First, the uncertain events are classified according to their characteristics, and the Bayesian network (BN) is constructed by taking the characteristic variables of uncertain events as neurons. Then, the human experiences are combined with the genetic optimization algorithm to determine the BN parameters. According to the reasoning of the BN, the threat of uncertain events is evaluated. Finally, according to the threat assessment results, the PSO and A/B model are used to replan the task. The proposed algorithm uses BN to represent uncertain events and introduces human experiences to optimize network parameters, eliminating subjective bias and improving the accuracy of threat assessment. At the same time, the task replanning strategy is introduced to ensure the security of UUV. Four typical UUV tasks are designed, and the trigger elements of uncertain events are set in the simulation to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm. The simulation and experiment results show that a UUV can accurately assess the threat level of uncertain events during the task execution process when using the proposed strategy. The safety of the human-in-the-loop UUV operation is guaranteed by task replanning.
Preventing SQL Injection Attacks by Automatic Parameterizing Raw Queries Using Lexical and Semantic Analysis Methods

SQL injection (SQLI) is one of the most important security threats against web applications. Many tech-niques have been proposed for counteracting SQLI attacks; however, second-order attacks and the injectionattacks that are raising data-type mismatch errors have been ignored in most of them. In this paper, wepropose a new anomaly-based method (deploying as a proxy between the application server and its databaseserver) for detection and/or prevention of SQLI attacks without requiring any modi cation to the sourcecode of vulnerable applications. The majority of attacks, which lead to a change in the syntax of applica-tion queries, are identi ed in the detection phase by lexical analysis of the queries. The remained types ofattacks, such as second-order attacks and attacks generating data type mismatch errors, are prevented tobe executed in the prevention phase, where each query is automatically converted to a parameterized query(before submitting to its database) using a semantic analysis method.
Comparative genomics and transcriptome analysis reveals potential pathogenic mechanisms of Microdochium paspali on seashore paspalum

The sparse leaf patch of seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.) caused by Microdochium paspali seriously impacts the landscape value of turf and poses a challenge to the maintenance and management of golf courses. Little is known about the genome of M. paspali or the potential genes underlying pathogenicity. In this study, we present a high-quality genome assembly of M. paspali with 14 contigs using the Nanopore and Illumina platform. The M. paspali genome is roughly 37.32 Mb in size and contains 10,365 putative protein-coding genes. These encompass a total of 3,830 pathogen-host interactions (PHI) genes, 481 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) coding genes, 105 effectors, and 50 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (SMGCs) predicted to be associated with pathogenicity. Comparative genomic analysis suggests M. paspali has 672 species-specific genes (SSGs) compared to two previously sequenced non-pathogenic Microdochium species, including 24 species-specific gene clusters (SSGCs). Comparative transcriptomic analyses reveal that 739 PHIs, 198 CAZymes, 40 effectors, 21 SMGCs, 213 SSGs, and 4 SSGCs were significantly up-regulated during the process of infection. In conclusion, the study enriches the genomic resources of Microdochium species and provides a valuable resource to characterize the pathogenic mechanisms of M. paspali.
Mapping of the Ronda peridotite massif (Spain) from AVIRIS spectro-imaging survey: A first attempt

In both AVIRIS and ISM data, through the use of mixing models, geological boundaries of the Ronda massif are identified with respect to the surrounding rocks. We can also yield first-order vegetation maps. ISM and AVIRIS instruments give consistent results. On the basis of endmember fraction images, it is then possible to discard areas highly vegetated or not belonging to the peridotite massif. Within the remaining part of the mosaic, spectro-mixing analysis reveals spectral variations in the peridotite massif between the well-exposed areas. Spatially organized units are depicted, related to differences in the relative depth of the absorption band at 1 micron, and it may be due to a different pyroxene content. At this stage, it is worth noting that, although mineralogical variations observed in the rocks are at a sub-pixel scale for the airborne analysis, we see an emerging spatial pattern in the distribution of spectral variations across the massif which might be prevailingly related to mineralogy. Although it is known from fieldwork that the Ronda peridotite massif exhibits mineralogical variations at local scale in the content of pyroxene, and at regional scale in different mineral facies, ranging from garnet-, to spinel- to plagioclase-lherzolites, no attempt has been done yet to produce a synoptic map relating the two scales of analysis. The present work is a first attempt to reach this objective, though a lot more work is still required. In particular, for the purpose of mineralogical interpretation, it is critical to relate the airborne observation to field work and laboratory spectra of Ronda rocks already obtained, with the use of image endmembers and associated reference endmembers. Also, the pretty rough linear mixing model used here is taken as a 'black-box' process which does not necessarily apply correctly to the physical situation at the sub-pixel level. One may think of using the ground-truth observations bearing on the sub-pixel statistical characteristics (texture, structural pattern, surface distribution and vegetation contribution (grass,.)) to produce a more advanced mixing model, physically appropriate to the geologic and environmental contexts.
The role of community capital in rural renewal

The community capitals framework was developed as a way of evaluating community development efforts by taking stock of existing assets and examining how various types of capital are invested within a community. For rural communities with narrow prospects for dramatic, high-dollar development opportunities, the framework provides a promising alternative strategy, allowing communities to focus instead on the smaller, incremental approaches that can slow down economic decline and potentially lead toward sustainable renewal. In this paper, we use a wide assortment of publicly available data sources to quantify each type of capital across a study area of 1,442 counties in 17 states. We then employ a set of OLS regression models to estimate the relationship between community capital levels and county job creation rates from 2010 to 2019. Our results highlight a number of findings with implications for how rural counties may adjust their approach toward community development.
π-Extended benzo[1,2:4,5]di[7]annulene bis(dicarboximide)s – a new class of non-alternant polycyclic aromatic dicarboximides

Aromatic dicarboximides are a class of molecules represented by the well-known rylene bis(dicarboximide)s, in particular perylene or naphthalene bis(dicarboximide)s, which show pronounced optoelectronic properties and are applied as color pigments, fluorescent dyes and organic semiconductors. Herein we extend the family of aromatic bis(dicarboximide)s and report the synthesis of the first series of non-alternant aromatic dicarboximides by twofold Pd-catalyzed [5 + 2] annulation. Characterization by UV/vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements give insight into the optoelectronic characteristics of the hitherto unexplored substance class of heptagon-containing imides. Theoretical studies by nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) XY-scans and anisotropy of the induced current density (ACID) plots demonstrate the influence of both the non-alternant carbon framework and the imide moieties on aromaticity of the synthesized bisimides.