Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Sun, geomagnetic polarity transitions, and possible biospheric effects: review and illustrating model

Abstract The Earth is embedded in the solar wind, this ever-streaming extremely tenuous ionized gas emanating from the Sun. It is the geomagnetic field which inhibits the solar wind plasma to directly impinge upon the terrestrial atmosphere. It is also the geomagnetic field which moderates and controls the entry of energetic particles of cosmic and solar origin into the atmosphere. During geomagnetic polarity transitions the terrestrial magnetic field decays down to about 10% of its current value. Also, the magnetic field topology changes from a dipole dominated structure to a multipole dominated topology. What happens to the Earth system during such a polarity transition, that is, during episodes of a weak transition field? Which modifications of the configuration of the terrestrial magnetosphere can be expected? Is there any influence on the atmosphere from the intensified particle bombardment? What are the possible effects on the biosphere? Is a polarity transition another example of a cosmic cataclysm? A review is provided on the current understanding of the problem. A first, illustrating model is also discussed to outline the complexity of any biospheric reaction on polarity transitions.
Students’ ways of experiencing writing a bachelor’s thesis: a phenomenographic interview study

ABSTRACT A bachelor’s thesis can be characterized as a proof of basic research and a trajectory of academic writing. This study addresses students’ ways of experiencing the writing process at the halfway stage, a stage that has been ignored in research. In a phenomenographic interview-study design, semi-structured interviews with 15 nursing students were carried out. A phenomenographic analysis of the data represents an outcome space with four categories of ways of experiencing writing: A. Structure, B. Comparison, C. Shift, and D. Relation. The categories of ways of experiencing the writing of a bachelor’s thesis constitute a range of foci, from solitary writing and assurance of the textual structure to a shared understanding, discussion, and transformation. This study confirms that sharing the preparation of texts in groups at the halfway stage can promote academic and relational skills. Conclusions address the nature of academic writing at the halfway stage and discuss potential pedagogical implications of the transformation from writing for oneself to writing for others, across disciplines and beyond academic levels.
Theory and experiment of novel frequency selective surface based on substrate integrated waveguide technology

A novel frequency selective surface (FSS) based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is investigated with simulation and experiment. The periodic unit is made of a SIW cavity with slots on the top and bottom surfaces, and the whole FSS is fabricated on a microwave substrate with standard PCB process. The high-Q property of SIW cavities greatly improved the frequency selectivity of the FSS, which is significant for the application in antenna cover or object stealth etc. The finite difference frequency domain (FDFD) method is adopted to simulate the transmission and reflection characteristics of the proposed FSS, and the simulated results are in good agreement with the experiment data. Both simulated and experiment results show that the FSS proposed in this paper takes the advantages of low passband insertion loss, good frequency selectivity, and insensitive to the incident angle and polarization etc. Besides, the FSS can be easily fabricated using normal PCB process with low cost.
Global Radiative Flux Profile Data Set: Revised and Extended

The third generation of the radiative flux profile data product, called ISCCP‐FH, is described. The revisions over the previous generation (called ISCCP‐FD) include improvements in the radiative model representation of gaseous and aerosol effects, as well as a refined statistical model of cloud vertical layer variations with cloud types, and increased spatial resolution. The new product benefits from the changes in the new H‐version of the ISCCP cloud products (called ISCCP‐H): higher spatial resolution, revised radiance calibration and treatment of ice clouds, treatment of aerosol effects, and revision of all the ancillary atmosphere and surface property products. The ISCCP‐FH product is evaluated against more direct measurements from the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System and the Baseline Surface Radiation Network products, showing some small, overall reductions in average flux uncertainties; but the main results are similar to ISCCP‐FD: the ISCCP‐FH uncertainties remain ≲10 Wm−2 at the top‐of‐atmosphere (TOA) and ≲15 Wm−2 at surface for monthly, regional averages. The long‐term variations of TOA, surface and in‐atmosphere net fluxes are documented and the possible transient cloud feedback implications of a long‐term change of clouds are investigated. The cloud and flux variations from 1998 to 2012 suggest a positive cloud‐radiative feedback on the oceanic circulation and a negative feedback on the atmospheric circulation. This example demonstrates that the ISCCP‐FH product can provide useful diagnostic information about weather‐to‐interannual scale variations of radiation induced by changes in cloudiness as well as atmospheric and surface properties.
A Survey on 5G Coverage Improvement Techniques: Issues and Future Challenges

Fifth generation (5G) is a recent wireless communication technology in mobile networks. The key parameters of 5G are enhanced coverage, ultra reliable low latency, high data rates, massive connectivity and better support to mobility. Enhanced coverage is one of the major issues in the 5G and beyond 5G networks, which will be affecting the overall system performance and end user experience. The increasing number of base stations may increase the coverage but it leads to interference between the cell edge users, which in turn impacts the coverage. Therefore, enhanced coverage is one of the future challenging issues in cellular networks. In this survey, coverage enhancement techniques are explored to improve the overall system performance, throughput, coverage capacity, spectral efficiency, outage probability, data rates, and latency. The main aim of this article is to highlight the recent developments and deployments made towards the enhanced network coverage and to discuss its future research challenges.
Conditional Correlation Phenomena with Applications to University Admission Strategies

This paper considers the situation (as in college admissions) where one is given two attributes,X and Y, which one uses to predict a third attribute, Z, by some function Ẑ ofX andY. However, one only retains values ofX, Y, andZ for which Ẑ is large. A thorough discussion, under fairly general conditions on the distributions, is given of how the correlation coefficients of X, Y, andZ are affected by this restriction of the range of values. In the case of the normal distribution, where linear prediction is optimal, the role of suppressor variables is discussed.
Controller Based Observer in Switched System with Norm Bounded Uncertainty

Problem statement: This study discusses the robust stabilization of n orm bounded discrete switched systems. Approach: The proposed method is using the second Lyapunov approach and the poly-quadratic function concept. The stabilization conditions are written through linear matrix inequality relations. The control law is based on a static output feedback with the use of a switched observer. The synthesis conditions of the controlle r are written in the form of linear matrix inequali ties difficult to resolve by current numerical solvers. That's why relaxations are proposed to mitigate the pessimism of LMI conditions obtained. Results: The poly-quadratic Lyapunov approach provides a constructive way to tackle uncertainty in the switc hed framework. The feasibility is illustrated by th e example of discrete uncertain switched systems. Conclusion: With these results, the study of stability can be achieved for arbitrary switching laws, state -dependent, time dependent or generated by a controller. However, the implementation of the cont rol law is possible only if the switching status is well known in real time.
Shear and Normal Stresses in Adhesive Joints

A two‐stage analytical procedure for determining the distribution of shear and normal stresses in a variety of adhesive joints, subjected to bending and axial forces, is described. The analytical procedure is based on previous assumptions that the adhesive layer is relatively flexible and can be idealized as a medium possessing only shear and normal stiffnesses, The solutions are validated by comparison with existing two‐dimensional finite element solutions for single and double lap joints. Solutions are also presented for a variety of adhesive joints subjected to axial forces and bending. The nonlinear interaction between eccentric axial forces and bending of adhesive joints is also discussed and quantified.
The solution of 3D multiple scattering problems using the boundary element method

The electromagnetic multiple scattering from lossless and lossy three-dimensional objects of arbitrary shape is computed using the boundary element method. Three different formulations starting from a combination of the magnetic field and the electric field integral equation are investigated. The influence of the material properties and the discretization on the solution accuracy is discussed by comparing the numerical results with analytic ones for spheres using the Mie series solution. As an example, the numerical solution of the electromagnetic scattered field of a rain drop model is presented. >
Viscoelastic Properties of Polymeric Microneedles Determined by Micromanipulation Measurements and Mathematical Modelling

Microneedles, including dissolvable ones made from biocompatible and biodegradable materials, have been widely studied and can potentially be used for transdermal drug delivery, disease diagnosis (sampling), skin care, etc. Characterizing their mechanical properties is essential, as being mechanically strong enough to pierce the skin barrier is one of the most fundamental and crucial requirements for them. The micromanipulation technique was based on compressing single microparticles between two flat surfaces to obtain force and displacement data simultaneously. Two mathematical models had already been developed to calculate the rupture stress and apparent Young’s modulus, which can identify variations of these parameters in single microneedles within a microneedle patch. In this study, a new model has been developed to determine the viscoelasticity of single microneedles made of hyaluronic acid (HA) with a molecular weight of 300 kDa loaded with lidocaine by using the micromanipulation technique to gather experimental data. The modelling results from the micromanipulation measurements suggest that the microneedles were viscoelastic and their mechanical behaviour was strain-rate dependent, which implies that the penetration efficiency of viscoelastic microneedles can be improved by increasing their piercing speed into the skin.
Medical Image Classifications for 6G IoT-Enabled Smart Health Systems

As day-to-day-generated data become massive in the 6G-enabled Internet of medical things (IoMT), the process of medical diagnosis becomes critical in the healthcare system. This paper presents a framework incorporated into the 6G-enabled IoMT to improve prediction accuracy and provide a real-time medical diagnosis. The proposed framework integrates deep learning and optimization techniques to render accurate and precise results. The medical computed tomography images are preprocessed and fed into an efficient neural network designed for learning image representations and converting each image to a feature vector. The extracted features from each image are then learned using a MobileNetV3 architecture. Furthermore, we enhanced the performance of the arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) based on the hunger games search (HGS). In the developed method, named AOAHG, the operators of the HGS are applied to enhance the AOA’s exploitation ability while allocating the feasible region. The developed AOAG selects the most relevant features and ensures the overall model classification improvement. To assess the validity of our framework, we conducted evaluation experiments on four datasets, including ISIC-2016 and PH2 for skin cancer detection, white blood cell (WBC) detection, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) classification, using different evaluation metrics. The framework showed remarkable performance compared to currently existing methods in the literature. In addition, the developed AOAHG provided results better than other FS approaches according to the obtained accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score as performance measures. For example, AOAHG had 87.30%, 96.40%, 88.60%, and 99.69% for the ISIC, PH2, WBC, and OCT datasets, respectively.
Catalogue of H-alpha emission stars in the Northern Milky Way

The \Catalogue of Stars in the Northern Milky Way Having H-alpha in Emission" appears in Abhandlungen aus der Hamburger Sternwarte, Band XI in the year 1997. It contains 4174 stars, range 32 l II < 214; 10 <b II < +10 having the H line in emission. HBH stars and stars of further 99 lists taken from the literature till the end of 1994 were included in the catalogue. We give the cross-identication of stars from all lists used. The catalogue is also available in the Centre de Donn ees, Strasbourg 1 and at the Hamburg Observatory
MitoSNARE Assembly and Disassembly Factors Regulate Basal Autophagy and Aging in C. elegans

SNARE proteins reside between opposing membranes and facilitate vesicle fusion, a physiological process ubiquitously required for secretion, endocytosis and autophagy. With age, neurosecretory SNARE activity drops and is pertinent to age-associated neurological disorders. Despite the importance of SNARE complex assembly and disassembly in membrane fusion, their diverse localization hinders the complete understanding of their function. Here, we revealed a subset of SNARE proteins, the syntaxin SYX-17, the synaptobrevins VAMP-7, SNB-6 and the tethering factor USO-1, to be either localized or in close proximity to mitochondria, in vivo. We term them mitoSNAREs and show that animals deficient in mitoSNAREs exhibit increased mitochondria mass and accumulation of autophagosomes. The SNARE disassembly factor NSF-1 seems to be required for the effects of mitoSNARE depletion. Moreover, we find mitoSNAREs to be indispensable for normal aging in both neuronal and non-neuronal tissues. Overall, we uncover a previously unrecognized subset of SNAREs that localize to mitochondria and propose a role of mitoSNARE assembly and disassembly factors in basal autophagy regulation and aging.
PHOTOMETRY OF ECLIPSING BINARY STARS IN THE LARGE AND SMALL MAGELLANIC CLOUDS

The light curves for three eclipsing binaries in the Magellanic Clouds have been obtained using CCD uVJIC photometry. One target in the LMC, MACHO*05:36:48.7 69:17:00, is an eccentric system, e = 0.20, with a period of 3.853534 0.000005 d. Initial solutions indicate a primary component in the range Te ;1 = 20,000 35,000 K and the secondary Te ;2 1000 2000 K cooler than the primary, with inclinations ranging i = 84.2 86.0 . Two targets in the SMC, MOA J005018.4 723855 and MOA J005623.5 722123, have periods of 1.8399 0.0004 and 2.3199 0.0003 days respectively. Both have circular orbits with the former being a semi-detached system.
Single- and double-ionization potentials of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fullerenes by photon and electron impact

Single- and double-ionization appearance potentials of 21 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by measurement of photoion yield curves using a synchrotron radiation source. Analogous measurements were made by electron impact on three PAHs. The origin of differences, of up to 4 eV, between appearance potentials for double ionization by photon and electron impact is discussed. The ratio of the double- to single-ionization potentials of PAHs was found to be 2.65 ± 0.06 for photon impact, significantly lower than for electron-impact and charge-stripping measurements. An electrostatic model, which considers that PAHs ionize like fragments of graphite, is applied to the PAHs studied and to data on the fullerenes C60 and C70. The validity and limitations of the model are discussed and its analytical and predictive propensities concerning multiple-ionization potentials and processes are demonstrated.
An International Systematic Review Concerning the Effect of Social Media Exposure on Public Compliance with Infection Prevention and Control Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background Effective health communication is crucial for achieving positive population health outcomes. This is important for infection prevention and control (IPC), which relies on widespread public compliance to be effective. Whilst social media (SM) platforms disseminate health information, there is conflicting evidence to suggest their influence on compliance with public health guidelines. Objective To appraise the available evidence and determine the extent to which social media exposure contributes to public compliance with IPC measures. Methods A systematic protocol based on the MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines was followed. Observational studies were identified through systematic searches of four electronic databases and a hand search. Following data extraction, eligible studies were quality assessed, and the findings were integrated using narrative synthesis. Findings 15 studies were included. The studies located presented heterogeneous designs and findings. A weak positive association was identified, with 60% of the studies observing a positive association between social media and compliance with IPC measures. 26.7% identified a negative correlation, and 13.3% identified no correlation. Several factors were identified to mediate the relationship, including knowledge and conspiracy beliefs. Discussion This systematic review identified a weak positive correlation between exposure to social media and public compliance with recommended IPC measures, suggesting that social media should be utilised in future IPC related communication strategies. Social media provides a cost-effective, publicly accessible platform to disseminate accurate information, and neutralise misinformation. Recommendations are made for further research to reduce the uncertainty created by the identification of heterogenous studies.
Comparison of scrape-off layer turbulence in Alcator C-Mod with three dimensional gyrofluid computations

This paper describes quantitative comparisons between turbulence measured in the scrape-off layer (SOL) of Alcator C-Mod [S. Scott, A. Bader, M. Bakhtiari et al., Nucl. Fusion 47, S598 (2007)] and three dimensional computations using electromagnetic gyrofluid equations in a two-dimensional tokamak geometry. These comparisons were made for the outer midplane SOL for a set of inner-wall limited, near-circular Ohmic plasmas. The B field and plasma density were varied to assess gyroradius and collisionality scaling. The poloidal and radial correlation lengths in the experiment and computation agreed to within a factor of 2 and did not vary significantly with either B or density. The radial and poloidal propagation speeds and the frequency spectra and poloidal k-spectra also agreed fairly well. However, the autocorrelation times and relative Da fluctuation levels were higher in the experiment by more than a factor of 2. Possible causes for these disagreements are discussed. 2009 American Institute of Physics.
Image segmentation combining level sets and principal component analysis

An new enhancement method is proposed to the Stochastic Active Contour Scheme (STACS) for image segmentation using Principle Component Analysis(PCA). STACS is a method developed for segmentation of cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) images and is based on the level set method in which the contour is driven by the minimization of a function of four terms−region based, edge based, shape prior, and curvature. STACS derives each of these forces from the original image that is to be segmented. In our method, PCA is performed on the entire set of eight images of the same slice of the heart taken at different instants of time in the cardiac cycle and then segment each image separately. The various terms in the energy functional in this new scheme are obtained from different principal components(Eigenvectors). Thus, STACS is improved by emphasizing each term in the energy functional with the help of the principal component that gives the most accurate result. Experimental results are presented with the proposed scheme.
Pursuit-evasion between two realistic aircraft

Pursuit-evasion problems between two aircraft in coplanar motion are analyzed by the differential dynamic programming method. For each aircraft a realistic variable-speed model is used where the longitudinal acceleration depends on speed, turn rate, and throttle setting. The turn rate is constrained by structural as well as stall limits. The pursuer has the turn rate and throttle setting as input controls, whereas the evader only uses the turn rate. In addition, the pursuer's optimal initial speed can be obtained from the algorithm used. The performance objective in the pursuit-evasion problem is the separation distance at a specified final time. Solutions of this nontrivial problem are calculated for a range of parameter settings. The results show that optimal setting of the throttle and optimal choice of the initial velocity can render considerable improvement for the pursuer, relative to nonoptimal strategies.
Spatio-temporal matching pursuit (SToMP) for multiple source estimation of evoked potentials

Decomposing the multichannel recorded signals into their generators' temporal activity patterns is an important step towards a feasible solution of the bioelectric inverse problem. Matching Pursuit with time-frequency dictionaries is a well known method for signal decomposition and feature extraction. In the current work this method is generalized into Spatio-Temporal Matching Pursuit (SToMP) and adapted for multiple source estimation of bioelectrical activity. In the first stage of the presented algorithm, the multichannel signals are decomposed into the best-matched spatio-temporal waveforms selected from a physiologically motivated time-frequency dictionary. This spatio-temporal decomposition enables fully linear exhaustive search for the optimal sources of each waveform in the second stage of the algorithm, avoiding non-linear optimization. The linear exhaustive search is constrained to a three-dimensional non-uniform grid (or voxels) of all the anatomical candidates for sources. The SToMP algorithm for multiple source localization was evaluated by simulation. It exhibits better results than other spatio-temporal multiple source localization methods, that are based on eigenvector decomposition, like MUSIC. Real data results of Visual Evoked Potentials source localization, with MRI data constrains and visualization, demonstrates physiological feasible solution of the bioelectric inverse problem. The SToMP decomposition algorithm is robust, and can be also used for spatio-temporal inverse filtering, or for any other sensor-array inverse problems (like ECG source estimation or radar direction estimation).