Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Organizational Model of Ethical Problem Recognition and Formulation

It is not clear if business organizations are becoming less ethical or if it is merely media attention to unethical actions that make it appear as if the incidence of unethical behavior has increased. Regardless, there is a heightened public concern with the behavior of modern business organizations. These concerns are reflected in pressure put upon busi ness schools to teach ethics as part of their curricula as well as that businesses develop and implement codes of conduct to guide and judge the behavior of organizational members. These concerns have also led to growing literature on business ethics and a large number of normative models of ethical decision making (Carroll, 1991; Cavanagh, Moberg & Velasquez, 1981). These models, however, are limited in that we do not fully understand how ethical problems are recognized, formulated and solved in business organizations. There have been a few attempts to describe current ethical decision-making practices in organizations (Ferrell & Gresham, 1985; Fritzshe, 1991; Hunt & Vitell, 1986; Jones, 1991; Trevino, 1986). These models are a welcome addition to the literature on business ethics as
Osteoporosis, osteopenia, and atherosclerotic vascular disease

Older women with low bone mineral density (BMD) have a higher prevalence of atherosclerotic vascular disease (coronary artery disease, ischemic stroke, or peripheral arterial disease) than older women with normal BMD. Three coronary angiographic studies have shown that low BMD is associated with obstructive coronary artery disease. Low BMD has been shown to be associated with stress test-induced myocardial ischemia, reduced exercise capacity, and with aortic valve calcification. Women with osteoporosis have an increased risk for cardiovascular events. Treatment of osteoporosis or osteopenia should include therapeutic measures to prevent cardiovascular events.
Synthesis, DFT Calculation, and Antimicrobial Studies of Novel Zn(II), Co(II), Cu(II), and Mn(II) Heteroleptic Complexes Containing Benzoylacetone and Dithiocarbamate

Heteroleptic complexes of zinc(II), copper(II), manganese(II), and cobalt(II) of the types [MLL′(H2O)2]·nH2O and [MLL′]·nH2O have been synthesized using sodium N-methyl-N-phenyldithiocarbamate (L) and benzoylacetone (L′). The metal complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, electrical conductance, magnetic susceptibility, infrared (IR), and UV-visible spectroscopic studies. The electrical conductance measurements revealed the nonelectrolytic nature of the synthesized complexes. The results of the elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and electronic spectra inferred that the Zn(II) complex adopted a four-coordinate geometry while the Co(II), Cu(II), and Mn(II) complexes assumed octahedral geometries. The IR spectra showed that the metal ions coordinated with the ligands via the S- and O-donor atoms. The geometry, electronic, and thermodynamic parameters of the complexes were obtained from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The spin density distributions, relative strength of H–bonds, and thermodynamic parameters revealed that the order of stability of the metal complexes is Mn < Co < Cu > Zn. The agar diffusion methods were used to study the antimicrobial activity of the complexes against two Gram positive bacteria (S. aureus and S. pneumoniae), one Gram negative bacterium (E. coli), and two fungi organisms (A. niger and A. candida) and the complexes showed a broad spectrum of activities against the microbes.
Emerging Mobile Platforms : Firefox OS and Tizen

Existing mobile platforms landscape evolves very quickly, as the big players in the field and the research community are challenged to develop novel solutions with minimal costs of application development and possibility to support natively mobile web applications. This process to a great amount has been driven by the presence of Android, an open-source operating system developed by Google. In this article we overview two promising platforms that are both open-source and web-based: Firefox OS (contributed by Mozilla) and Tizen (backed by Samsung and Intel), and compare their security features with those of the Android OS.
Time Reversal and Exchange Symmetries of Unitary Gate Capacities

Unitary gates are interesting resources for quantum communication in part because they are always invertible and are intrinsically bidirectional. This paper explores these two symmetries: time-reversal and exchange of Alice and Bob. We present examples of unitary gates that exhibit dramatic separations between forward and backward capacities (even when the back communication is assisted by free entanglement) and between entanglement-assisted and unassisted capacities, among many others. Along the way, we will give a general time-reversal rule for relating the capacities of a unitary gate and its inverse that will explain why previous attempts at finding asymmetric capacities failed. Finally, we will see how the ability to erase quantum information and destroy entanglement can be a valuable resource for quantum communication.
A review of flavonoid quercetin: Metabolism, Bioactivity and antioxidant properties

Flavonoids belong to a category of polyphenolic com p unds that are produced exclusively in plants. These compounds are able to bring about various bio logical and pharmacological activities in animal ce l s. It is generally believed that most mammals need to consum e polyphenols from plants due to their antioxidant properties in order to stay healthy. The antioxidan ts are essential for protecting the cells from unde rgoing chemical damage due to oxidation. Many compounds ar e known to have both antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties. The pro-oxidant properties can either b e favourable or detrimental to biological systems a nd can affect the progress of chronic diseases in human be ings. Quercetin, the most plentiful flavonoid, acts as both an antioxidant and a pro-oxidant. Currently, there is no reliable method for maintaining a balance betwee n th se two activities in the whole organism. Therefore, th is review focuses on Metabolism, bioactivity and both the antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects of flavonoids.
Exploring digital divide issue among urban and rural k-12 schools in economically developed regions

The purpose of the study was to investigate digital divide issue among urban and rural k-12 schools in Chinese economically developed regions. The researchers selected three representative primary schools (one from urban area, one from rural area and one is located in urban area but all of its students are from rural area) to explore the issue. The study is quantitative by nature and random sampling method was adopted to collect data. The survey instrument mainly covered seven aspects of students' Internet usage status: Internet Accessibility at Home, Internet Accessibility at School and so on. 461 students from the target schools were randomly selected to participate into the study. The study found that: (1) overall, students' Internet Accessibility at Home is better than that at School; moreover, teachers have more positive impact on students' behavior of internet use than parents. The performance of students' internet self-efficacy was at an acceptable level, but students' Internet exploratory behavior is unsatisfactory. (2) Students from urban area are obviously better in their Internet usage status than students from rural area or from mobile school. (3) Gender had no significant impact on students' general Internet usage status; however, male students' internet self-efficacy is better than their female classmates. (4) Students' academic performance had significant impact on their Internet self-efficacy. Based on these findings, researchers proposed some suggestions to eliminate the "digital divide" between urban and rural k-12 schools.
Integer-forcing linear receivers

Linear receivers are often used to reduce the implementation complexity of multiple antenna systems. In a traditional linear receiver architecture, the receive antennas are used to separate out the codewords sent by each transmit antenna, which can then be decoded individually. Although easy to implement, this approach can be highly sub-optimal when the channel matrix is near singular. In this paper, we develop a new linear architecture that uses the receive antennas to create an effective channel matrix with integer-valued entries. Instead of attempting to recover a transmitted codeword directly, each decoder recovers a different integer combination of the codewords according to the effective channel matrix. If the effective channel is full rank, these linear equations can be digitally solved for the original codewords. By allowing the receiver to equalize the channel to any matrix with integer entries, this scheme can outperform traditional linear architectures such as decorrelators and MMSE receivers while maintaining a similar complexity. Furthermore, in the case where each transmit antenna encodes an independent data stream, the proposed receiver attains the optimal diversity multiplexing tradeoff.
Genomic microarrays in mental retardation: from copy number variation to gene, from research to diagnosis

Structural chromosomal rearrangements can lead to a wide variety of serious clinical manifestations, including mental retardation (MR) and congenital malformations. Over the last few years, rearrangements below the detection level of conventional karyotyping have been proved to contribute significantly to the cause of MR. These so-called copy number variations are now routinely being detected using various high-resolution microarray platforms targeting the entire human genome. In addition to their clinical diagnostic use, the introduction of these high resolution platforms has facilitated identification of novel microdeletion and microduplication syndromes as well as disease genes. The aims of this review are to address several aspects of this revolutionising technology including its application in the diagnostics of MR, the identification of novel microdeletion and microduplication syndromes, and the finding of causative genes for known syndromes. In addition, a future prospect is provided for the detection of disease causing mutations and structural variants by next generation sequencing technologies.
Measuring the Distribution of Spitefulness

Spiteful, antisocial behavior may undermine the moral and institutional fabric of society, producing disorder, fear, and mistrust. Previous research demonstrates the willingness of individuals to harm others, but little is understood about how far people are willing to go in being spiteful (relative to how far they could have gone) or their consistency in spitefulness across repeated trials. Our experiment is the first to provide individuals with repeated opportunities to spitefully harm anonymous others when the decision entails zero cost to the spiter and cannot be observed as such by the object of spite. This method reveals that the majority of individuals exhibit consistent (non-)spitefulness over time and that the distribution of spitefulness is bipolar: when choosing whether to be spiteful, most individuals either avoid spite altogether or impose the maximum possible harm on their unwitting victims.
Lifetime improvement of NAND flash-based storage systems using dynamic program and erase scaling

The cost-per-bit of NAND flash memory has been continuously improved by semiconductor process scaling and multi-leveling technologies (e.g., a 10 nm-node TLC device). However, the decreasing lifetime of NAND flash memory as a side effect of recent advanced technologies is regarded as a main barrier for a wide adoption of NAND flash-based storage systems. In this paper, we propose a new system-level approach, called dynamic program and erase scaling (DPES), for improving the lifetime (particularly, endurance) of NAND flash memory. The DPES approach is based on our key observation that changing the erase voltage as well as the erase time significantly affects the NAND endurance. By slowly erasing a NAND blockwith a lower erase voltage, we can improve the NAND endurance very effectively. By modifying NAND chips to support multiple write and erase modes with different operation voltages and times, DPES enables a flash software to exploit the new tradeoff relationships between the NAND endurance and erase voltage/ speed under dynamic program and erase scaling. We have implemented the first DPES-aware FTL, called autoFTL, which improves the NAND endurance with a negligible degradation in the overall write throughput. Our experimental results using various I/O traces show that autoFTL can improve the maximum number of P/E cycles by 61.2% over an existing DPES-unaware FTL with less than 2.2% decrease in the overall write throughput.
Modulation of the myogenic response in renal blood flow autoregulation by NO depends on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), but not neuronal or inducible NOS

Non‐Technical Summary Blood flow in the kidney is tightly regulated. This so‐called autoregulation is essential for the function of the kidney as well as for its protection against damage and failure from high blood pressure. Autoregulation is caused by three mechanisms. The signalling molecule nitric oxide (NO) modulates the balance of these mechanisms, blunting the contribution of the fastest mechanism and increasing that of the others. What is unknown is where in the kidney the responsible NO is originating. Our data indicate that the cells of the inner lining of the blood vessels are by far the most important source of NO for this effect compared to other NO‐producing cells in the relevant region of the kidney, such as macula densa, smooth muscle or mesangial cells. The findings are important for understanding blood flow autoregulation in the kidney as well as kidney function and failure.
Transforming an under-constrained geometric constraint problem into a well-constrained one

We present an approach for handling geometric constraint problems with under-constrained configurations. The approach works by completing the given set of constraints with constraints that can be defined either automatically or drawn from an independently given set of constraints placed on the geometries of the problem. In both cases, the resulting completed set of constraints is not over-constrained. If every well-constrained subproblem in the given under-constrained configuration is solvable, the completed constraint problem is also solvable.
Study of the terpene profile at harvest and during berry development of Vitis vinifera L. aromatic varieties Aleatico, Brachetto, Malvasia di Candia aromatica and Moscato bianco.

BACKGROUND In this work, we evaluated the aromatic composition of berries at harvest and during the whole berry development of Aleatico, Brachetto, Malvasia di Candia aromatica and Moscato bianco grapevine varieties, which were cultivated in the same vineyard and under the same agricultural conditions. RESULTS Malvasia had a total concentration of aroma which was significantly higher than the other grapes that showed comparable amounts with each other. The class of monoterpenes was quantitatively predominant for all four grapes, in the free and in the most plentiful bound form. In Malvasia and Aleatico there was a high prevalence of geraniol derivatives throughout the entire berry development while in Brachetto and in Moscato there was a prevalence of linalool derivatives during the green phase and geraniol derivatives during ripening. CONCLUSION The study of the monoterpene profile allowed us to highlight similarities and differences among the four aromatic varieties and to present a hypothesis about their biosynthetic dynamics. This information is useful for further studies on gene functional characterisation and the regulation of these important berry pathways. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Recognizing Facial Expressions in the Orthogonal Complement of Principal Subspace

We present a novel framework for recognition of facial expressions from a given face image. The framework is based on the assumption that expression information lies in the subspace orthogonal to the subspace representing expression-neutral faces. For deriving the principal subspace of the face images showing no expression, PCA is used as a tool. Then we derive a method to find the orthogonal complement (OC) of the subspace defined by the principal components. It is shown using different tools such as dendrogram and Davies-Bouldin cluster index that the OC of the principal subspace better represents the expressions as compared to the principal subspace in PCA analysis. We have done extensive experiments to validate the recognition capability of the proposed OC space. Two well known publicly available facial expression databases are used for the experiments. We also compare the expression discrimination capability of the OC subspace with some well known features for expression representation. The proposed framework exhibits higher (9.66% on average) recognition capability as compared to the present state-of-the-art works.
Novel Classification of Current Methods , Available Softwares and Datasets in Medical Image Segmentation

Disease type, image features, modality, dimension of imaging and etc. make segmentation challenging in medical applications. This results in plenty of literatures which take beginner researchers in trouble. Classification of literatures can be a good outline to overview simply, properly and quickly. Moreover, Artificial Intelligence techniques improve efficiency of segmentation severely. This paper proposes a novel literature classification based on applied segmentation method. The segmentation methods are generally based on non-AI techniques and AI techniques. Those AI-Based segmentation methods are classified in four classes which include of Digital image processing techniques, combination of digital image processing techniques and other AI techniques, knowledge-based and rule-based system and registration-based algorithms respectively. Some available softwares and tools are declared and classified based on application, modality, class of segmentation method, dimension of supported images and corresponding body parts. Available datasets are also mentioned for validity finally.
The Ambivalent Ontology of Digital Artifacts

Digital artifacts are embedded in wider and constantly shifting ecosystems such that they become increasingly editable, interactive, reprogrammable, and distributable. This state of flux and constant transfiguration renders the value and utility of these artifacts contingent on shifting webs of functional relations with other artifacts across specific contexts and organizations. By the same token, it apportions control over the development and use of these artifacts over a range of dispersed stakeholders and makes their management a complex technical and social undertaking. These ideas are illustrated with reference to (1) provenance and authenticity of digital documents within the overall context of archiving and social memory and (2) the content dynamics occasioned by the findability of content mediated by Internet search engines. We conclude that the steady change and transfiguration of digital artifacts signal a shift of epochal dimensions that calls for rethinking some of the inherited wisdom in IS research and practice.
Without aspect

This paper presents and analyzes the encoding of aspect in Heritage Russian (HR), an incompletely acquired language spoken by those for whom another language became dominant at an early age. The HR aspectual system is distinct from the baseline. Aspectual distinctions are lost due to the leveling or loss of morphological marking. As a result, heritage speakers often maintain only one member of a former aspectual pair. Such HR verb forms are underspecified for aspect. To compensate for that, heritage speakers regularly express aspect through the use of analytical forms with the light verbs ‘be’, ‘become’, ‘do’. The frequent occurrence of these forms supports the notion that aspectual distinctions are universal, belonging with the conceptual representation of events. What varies is the actual linguistic encoding of these distinctions, but not the underlying distinctions themselves.
Learning symbolic representations of actions from human demonstrations

In this paper, a robot learning approach is proposed which integrates Visuospatial Skill Learning, Imitation Learning, and conventional planning methods. In our approach, the sensorimotor skills (i.e., actions) are learned through a learning from demonstration strategy. The sequence of performed actions is learned through demonstrations using Visuospatial Skill Learning. A standard action-level planner is used to represent a symbolic description of the skill, which allows the system to represent the skill in a discrete, symbolic form. The Visuospatial Skill Learning module identifies the underlying constraints of the task and extracts symbolic predicates (i.e., action preconditions and effects), thereby updating the planner representation while the skills are being learned. Therefore the planner maintains a generalized representation of each skill as a reusable action, which can be planned and performed independently during the learning phase. Preliminary experimental results on the iCub robot are presented.
Unpredictable Chronic Stress-Induced Reproductive Suppression Associated with the Decrease of Kisspeptin Immunoreactivity in Male Mice

ABSTRACT Environmental stress affects various parts of mammals typically through the circulation of stress hormones. It has been identified as one of the possible reasons for male reproductive difficulties, but the complex mechanisms responsible for stress-induced reproductive suppression are poorly understood. Here, we examined the relationship between chronic environmental stress and hypothalamic kisspeptin, a recently discovered upstream regulator of the reproductive endocrine feedback system. We studied male mice under an unpredictable chronic stress procedure to replicate the situation of animals under chronic stress. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed focusing on kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate hypothalamic nucleus (ARC) and DNA fragmented cells in seminiferous tubules. Although the ARC was not morphologically altered in either the stressed or non-stressed group, granular kisspeptin immunoreactivities decreased slightly in the stress group. In the testes of the stress group, several signs of testicular degeneration were observed, including increased numbers of ssDNA-positive cells per seminiferous tubule, thinning, vacuoled seminiferous epithelia and multinucleated giant cells. The decreases in kisspeptin in the stress group might be due to other hypothalamic peptides, such as corticotropin-releasing hormone and leptin, whose receptors are known to coexpress in the ARC. In addition, environmental stress directly and indirectly affects testicular function through stress hormones and gonadotropins. In summary, our findings enhance the understanding of stress-induced reproductive suppression possibly mediated by kisspeptin in the ARC.