Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Running mass models of inflation

We study models of inflation where the inflation corresponds to a flat direction and its mass-squared is generated by gravity mediated soft supersymmetry breaking at high scale. If the inflation has non negligible couplings to other fields, its mass runs with the scale and can reach the small value required by slow roll inflation at lower scale. Slow roll inflation can therefore take place in such a regime, but the spectral index is then scale dependent. We explore the parameter space of this kind of models to find the region compatible with the present observations.
Thin film coating analysis using a novel IR camera and a broadband Echelle spectrograph

An echelle spectrograph can provide high resolving power (wavelength/FWHM) across a broad spectral range. These optical instruments are commonly used in spectroscopy for atomic and molecular identification in astronomical observations and laboratory analysis. The wavelength range of an echelle spectrograph is ultimately limited by the capabilities of the detector used to acquire the spectral data. Silicon based CCD, EMCCD and CMOS sensors typically enable measurements from 200nm to 1100nm. Infrared Laboratories and Catalina Scientific Instruments (CSI) have collaborated to demonstrate an application that combines IR Lab’s TRIWAVE camera with CSI’s EMU120/65 echelle spectrograph. The TRIWAVE camera covers a spectral range of 300nm to 1600nm, greatly increasing the wavelength range for applications using the EMU-120/65 spectrograph. With this increased capability, an opportunity exists for measuring the dielectric coating thickness of thin film by extracting and analyzing interference fringes from the spectral data. Methods and results of this measurement will be presented.
Photometry of the Globular Cluster NGC 3201 and Its Variable Stars

We present time series BVI photometry of the brighter stars in the halo globular cluster NGC 3201. We derive high-quality light curves for 58 RR Lyrae stars, all of which appear to be members of the cluster. We determine the foreground reddening of each RR Lyrae star from the star's color and confirm that the reddening varies significantly across the face of the cluster. We obtain a mean value of E(B-V) = 0.25 ± 0.02 mag for stars within 2. ′0 of the cluster center. Using the reddening values of the individual RR Lyrae stars, we made dereddened color-magnitude diagrams that reach from the red giant branch tip to ∼2 mag below the main-sequence turnoff. Analysis of these diagrams indicates that NGC 3201 has an age of 13–14 Gyr, typical of other globular clusters of its metallicity. We detect low-level brightness variations in most of the cluster's brighter red giant stars and tentatively associate this variation with the small-amplitude red variables seen in the field. We also discovered several δ Scuti variable candidates, two of which appear to be cluster members. The distances derived from the δ Scuti and RR Lyrae stars are in good agreement, indicating d = 4.7 ± 0.2 kpc.
ON THE SELECTION OF A MARKOV PROCESS FROM A SYSTEM OF PROCESSES AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF QUASI-DIFFUSION PROCESSES

In this paper the notion of a Markov system of processes is introduced, and it is proved that a Markov process can be selected from such a system. The usefulness of this fact is illustrated by the example of constructing quasidiffusion processes with poor coefficients (e.g. with a degenerate diffusion matrix).
Different contrast mechanisms induced by topography artifacts in near-field optical microscopy

Topography artifacts can affect the elastic scattering optical images in near-field optical microscopy. Moreover, such effects can completely mask the information on the optical properties of the samples, yielding unexpectedly high lateral resolutions. In this letter, we provide experimental evidence of how changes involving the collection geometry and the roughness of the sample can lead to radical modifications of the contrast induced by the artifacts to the optical map. An explanation of the different regimes is provided by means of approach curves in which the optical signal is detected as a function of the probe/sample distance.
NON-NEHARI MANIFOLD METHOD FOR SUPERLINEAR SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION

We consider the boundary value problem \begin{equation} \label{(0.1)} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\triangle u+V(x)u=f(x, u), \ \ \ \ & x\in \Omega,\\ u=0, \ \ \ \ & x\in \partial\Omega, \end{array} \right. \end{equation} where $ \Omega \subset \mathbb R^N$ be a bounded domain, $\inf_{\Omega}V(x)>-\infty$, $f$ is a superlinear, subcritical nonlinearity. Inspired by previous work of Szulkin and Weth (2009)) [21] and (2010) [22], we develop a more direct and simpler approach on the basis of one used in [21], to deduce weaker conditions under which problem (0.1) has a ground state solution of generalized Nehari type or infinity many nontrivial solutions. Unlike the Nehari manifold method, the main idea of our approach lies on finding a minimizing Cerami sequence for the energy functional outside the generalized Nehari manifold by using the diagonal method.
On the Average Number of Level Crossings of a Random Trigonometric Polynomial

There are many known asymptotic estimates of the number of zeros of the polynomial T(θ)=g 1 cos θ+g 2 cos 2θ+. +g n cos nθ for n→∞, where g i (i=1, 2, ., n) is a sequence of independent normally distributed random variables with mathematical expectation 0 and variance 1. The present paper provides an estimate of the expected number of times that such a polynomial assumes the real value K. It is shown that the results for K=0 are valid when K=0(√n)
Geometric and Material Nonlinear Static and Dynamic Analysis of Space Truss Structures

A formulation of the nonlinear FEM truss element that takes into account both the geometric nonlinearity and material nonlinearity of the structure is derived. The associated iterative algorithm for the application is described. Based on two inelastic material models (isotropic hardening and dynamic hardening), three space truss structures are subjected to static and to dynamic loads in order to illustrate the application of nonlinear FEM. The nonlinear FEM described can accurately trace the complex structural behavior of space truss structures, including snap-through, and buckling. The FEM results match well with the theoretical results.
The hydrogen shell game - Pulsational instabilities in hydrogen shell-burning planetary nebula nuclei

Fully nonadiabatic g-mode pulsation calculations have been obtained for evolutionary models of planetary nebula nuclei (PNN) with active hydrogen-burning shells. Expressions have been developed for the phase delays which can develop between the temperature variations and the abundance variations of agents in the CN cycle. G-mode instabilities are noted that are driven by the epsilon mechanism at the position of the nuclear burning shells in standard PNN models. The results indicate that the central stars do not retain sufficient hydrogen to support nuclear burning following ejection of the planetary nebula. 27 references.
Remote and direct plasma regions for low-temperature growth of carbon nanotubes on glass substrates for display applications

A novel method for growing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on glass substrates is introduced in this study. A two-stage plasma was used to achieve low-temperature and vertically aligned CNTs. Ni deposited on indium tin oxide/glass substrate was used as the catalyst and hydrogen and acetylene were used as gas feeds. In this investigation a new technique was developed to grow vertically aligned CNTs at temperatures below 400 °C while CNT growth by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition required high temperatures. Low-temperature growth of vertically aligned CNTs was suitable for the fabrication of micro-lens and self-oriented displays on glass substrates. Also, we have reported a new configuration for CNT-based display by means of controlling the refractive index of liquid crystal around the CNT by applying a proper voltage to the top and bottom array.
Fabrication and properties of light‐emitting diodes based on self‐assembled multilayers of poly(phenylene vinylene)

Light‐emitting diodes have been fabricated from self‐assembled multilayers of poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and two different polyanions; polystyrene sulfonic acid (SPS) and polymethacrylic acid (PMA). The type of polyanion used to assemble the multilayer thin films was found to dramatically influence the behavior and performance of devices fabricated with indium tin oxide and aluminum electrodes. Light‐emitting devices fabricated from PMA/PPV multilayers were found to exhibit luminance levels in the range of 20–60 cd/m2, a thickness dependent turn‐on voltage and classical rectifying behavior with rectification ratios greater than 105. In sharp contrast, the devices based on SPS/PPV exhibited near symmetric current–voltage curves, thickness independent turn‐on voltages and much lower luminance levels. The significant difference in device behavior observed between these two systems is primarily due to a doping effect induced either chemically or electrochemically by the sulfonic acid groups of SPS. It w.
Dynamic behavior of photocarriers in a GaAs metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector with sub-half-micron electrode pattern

Simulation results of the temporal evolution of photocurrent in an interdigitated GaAs metal‐semiconductor‐metal photodetector are presented. The dependence of response time on the distance between fingers (0.1 and 0.25 μm) is investigated. The solutions of the time‐dependent Schrodinger equation and ensemble Monte Carlo calculations are employed. For a device with 0.1 μm finger spacing, the response time of an intrinsic detector is less than 2 ps, with hole current decay being the major limiting factor. The role of parasitics is shown to significantly increase the simulated response time.
Enhancing and reducing the Rashba-splitting at surfaces by adsorbates: Na and Xe on Bi/Cu(111)

The surface alloy Bi/Cu(111) shows a paradigmatic free-electron-like surface state with a very large Rashba-type spin–orbit splitting. Using angle-resolved photoemission we investigate how adsorbates of different chemical nature influence the size of the spin splitting in this system. We find that the adsorption of small amounts of monovalent Na atoms leads to an enhancement of the spin splitting while an overlayer of the closed-shell rare gas Xe causes a reduction. The latter result is in contrast to the Au(111) surface for which an increased splitting size after Xe-adsorption was observed. We discuss these experimental findings in terms of the characteristic differences of the surface state wave functions and their spatial deformation in the presence of different types of adsorbates. Our results provide insight into the complex interplay of atomic and interface potential gradients governing the Rashba effect.
Dispersive spread of virtual sources by asymmetric X-ray monochromators

The principles of the virtual source spread (spatial broadening) phenomenon induced by angular dispersion in asymmetric X-ray Bragg reflections are illustrated, from which the virtual source properties are analyzed for typical high-resolution multiple-crystal monochromators, including inline four-bounce dispersive monochromators, back-reflection-dispersion monochromators and nondispersive nested channel-cut monochromators. It is found that dispersive monochromators can produce spread virtual sources of a few millimetres in size, which may prevent efficient microfocusing of the beam as required by inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy and other applications. Possible schemes to mitigate this problem are discussed. The analyses may provide important guidelines for designing and optimizing modern high-precision synchrotron X-ray optics and beamline instrumentation for spectroscopy, imaging and nanofocusing applications.
Experimental and numerical results for intensity modulated laser ultrasonics

This paper describes the experimental confirmation of a numerical model of laser-generated ultrasound, where a 100-μs-long laser pulse was intensity modulated using a Bragg cell. Temporal modulation was used to produce narrow-band ultrasound signals, which can substantially improve signal-to-noise ratios over ultrasound generated by Q-switched laser pulses. A curve fit function that represents Bragg cell modulation is given. Experimental results were obtained using a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) on an aluminum test block, and good agreement between theory and experiment was obtained while the modulated pulse train was on. Though the simple PZT model used here results in some discrepancies between theory and experiment late in the signals, it is concluded that the numerical model reliably predicts Bragg cell modulated laser-generated displacements.
Generalized cross-validation for large scale problems

Abstract Although generalized cross-validation is a popular tool for calculating a regularization parameter, it has been rarely applied to large-scale problems until recently. A major difficulty lies in the evaluation of the cross-validation function that requires the calculation of the trace of an inverse matrix. In the last few years stochastic trace estimators have been proposed to alleviate this problem. This article demonstrates numerical approximation techniques that further reduce the computational complexity. The new approach employs Gauss quadrature to compute lower and upper bounds on the cross-validation function. It only requires the operator form of the system matrix—that is, a subroutine to evaluate matrix-vector products. Thus, the factorization of large matrices can be avoided. The new approach has been implemented in MATLAB. Numerical experiments confirm the remarkable accuracy of the stochastic trace estimator. Regularization parameters are computed for ill-posed problems with 100, 1,000.
Constrained latent class models: Theory and applications

Three types of restricted latent class models for binary data are discussed: models assuming equalities of certain latent parameters, linearly constrained latent class analysis, and linear logistic latent class analysis. The basic equations of the latter model state the decomposition of the log odds of the item latent probabilities and of the class sizes into weighted sums of basic parameters representing the effects of predictor variables which are hypothesized to be relevant indicators for the original parameters. The maximum likelihood equations for these effect parameters and a criterion for their local identifiability are given. Further, statistical tests for goodness of fit are sketched, and the practical application of linear logistic latent class analysis is demonstrated by several examples. They comprise some known scaling models as well as a simple model with located classes and items, a model which relates item difficulty to item structure, and a model for measuring latent changes. Finally, the generalization of linear logistic latent class analysis to polytomous manifest variables is outlined.
Statistical Models in S

The interactive data analysis and graphics language S (Becker, Chambers and Wilks, 1988) has become a popular environment for both data analysts and research statisticians. A common complaint, however, has concerned the lack of statistical modeling tools, such as those provided by GLIM© or GENSTAT©.
Selective Area Growth of GaN on Si Substrate Using SiO 2 Mask by Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy

Selective area growth (SAG) of GaN on (111) Si substrate was studied using AlGaN as an intermediate layer. A hexagonal dot with a (0001) plane on the top and of a 5 µm or a submicron size was obtained using a patterned dot structure of silicon dioxide (SiO2) mask. The facet structure revealed that the axis of hexagonal GaN is parallel to the axis of the Si substrate. The cathodoluminescence (CL) spectrum at 133 K exhibited a strong near-band-edge emission band for the submicron dots, which suggests excellent crystallinity. Epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) of GaN on the Si substrate is demonstrated.
Reinforcement learning-based intelligent tracking control for wheeled mobile robot

This paper proposes a new method to design a reinforcement learning-based integrated kinematic and dynamic tracking control algorithm for a non-holonomic wheeled mobile robot without knowledge of the system’s drift tracking dynamics. The actor critic structure in the control scheme uses only one neural network to reduce computational cost and storage resources. A novel tuning law for a single neural network is designed to learn an online solution of a tracking Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs (HJI) equation. The HJI solution is used to approximate an H∞ optimal tracking performance index function and an intelligent tracking control law in the case of the worst disturbance. The laws guarantee closed-loop stability in real time. The convergence and stability of the overall system are proved by Lyapunov techniques. The simulation results on a non-linear system and wheeled mobile robot verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Results from a visual survey of all 2712 Abell clusters

An account is given of three categories of statistically significant results obtained from morphological data in an optical survey of all 2712 Abell clusters cataloged by Struble and Rood (1987). In the first category are found differences in cluster properties of different Rood-Sastry (1971) type; in the second category lies evidence of cluster evolution, namely cD cluster behavior as a function of redshift, changes in the characteristics of the three brightest galaxies with distance and class, and changes in the fractional distribution of Rood-Sastry types with distance class. The final category involves selection effects related to foreground/background superpositions, galaxy surface number density, and luminous cluster members' surface brightness. 43 references.
Mixed Problem with an Integral Two-Space-Variables Condition for a Class of Hyperbolic Equations

This paper is devoted to the proof of the existence and uniqueness of the classical solution of mixed problems which combine Neumann condition and integral two-space-variables condition for a class of hyperbolic equations. The proof is based on a priori estimate “energy inequality” and the density of the range of the operator generated by the problem considered.
Chandra X-Ray Observations of the Young Open Cluster NGC 2516

We present a comprehensive study of the Chandra X-ray observations of the young open cluster NGC 2516. We have analyzed eight individual Chandra observations. We have combined the data to achieve the greatest sensitivity, reaching down to log fX = -14.56 (ergs s-1 cm -2), or log LX = 28.69 (ergs s-1) at the distance of NGC 2516. Out of 284 X-ray sources detected, 155 are identified with photometric cluster members, with very little ambiguity. We have studied the X-ray luminosity functions for the various spectral types, correcting for nonmember contamination those for later type stars. We find strong X-ray emission from a couple of B stars that cannot be due to companions. Among A stars, chemically peculiar stars show a detection fraction much larger than normal A stars. The luminosity functions decrease monotonically from F to M stars, and those for K stars are significantly lower than similar stars in the Pleiades, a cluster only slightly younger than NGC 2516. We discuss possible causes of this discrepancy, including differences in age and stellar rotation.
Oxygen abundances in halo giants. II : Giants in the globular clusters M13 and M3 and the intermediately metal-poor halo field

Oxygen, sodium, iron, vanadium, and scandium abundances are derived for giants in the intermediately metal-poor globular clusters M 3 and M 13 and for giants of comparable metallicity in the local halo field. The data are obtained from Lick Observatory Hamilton Echelle spectra centered on the [O I] doublet. For M13 we derive = -1.51 ± 0.01 from 13 giants with a range of 500 K in effective temperature. For M3, we find = -1.47 ± 0,01, from seven stars with a range of 300 K in effective temperature. There is no compelling evidence for star-to-star variations in [Fe/H] in either cluster
Electrical detection of immobilized proteins with ungated AlGaN∕GaN high-electron-mobility Transistors

Ungated AlGaN∕GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) structures were functionalized in the gate region with aminopropyl silane. This serves as a binding layer to the AlGaN surface for attachment of fluorescent biological probes. Fluorescence microscopy shows that the chemical treatment creates sites for specific absorption of probes. Biotin was then added to the functionalized surface to bind with high affinity to streptavidin proteins. The HEMT drain-source current showed a clear decrease of 4μA as this protein was introduced to the surface, showing the promise of this all-electronic detection approach for biological sensing.
Evolution of Snow-Size Spectra in Cyclonic Storms. Part II: Deviations from the Exponential Form

Abstract Using a form of the stochastic collection equation, conservation equations for the first and second moments of the mass were parameterized to yield a height dependent one-dimensional snow growth model for unrimed stratiform snowfall. Snow-size distributions were represented by the form N(D) = N0Dν exp(−λD), and solutions for λ and N0 were obtained. The spectral parameter ν allows the concentration of the smaller ice particles to deviate from the exponential form and controls the degree of subexponential or superexponential behavior. The sub- and superexponential spectra analyzed in this study had ν values of 1 and −1, respectively. A number of simple analytical relationships was developed that describes various properties of size distributions, regardless of the particle type involved. A method was developed for obtaining the three parameters of the size distribution used in the model from measured size distributions. In addition, an expression was derived to relate the two λ of an exponentially .
Evapotranspiration from Nonuniform Surfaces: A First Approach for Short-Term Numerical Weather Prediction

Abstract Natural land surfaces are rarely homogeneous over the resolvable scales of numerical weather prediction models. Therefore, these models must somehow account for the subgrid variability in processes that are nonlinealy dependent on surface characteristics. Because of its complex dependence on soil moisture and vegetation, the flux of latent heat is an acutely nonlinear process, involving variables which can vary widely over very short distances. Thus, if the effects of subgrid-scale surface variability are significant, they should appear most prominently in the prediction of evapotranspiration. In this paper, a simple, explicit model for the computation of grid-cell-average evapotranspiration is presented and tested. The model incorporates a statistical distribution of soil moisture on the subgrid scale, the variance of which is obtained from observed distributions of soil moisture and precipitation. Distributions are also assumed for other surface and vegetation characteristics Water-stressed and.
Massive thin accretion discs. II: Polarization

Les calculs anterieurs des auteurs (1989, Mon.Not.R.astr.Soc., 238) pour les disques d'accretion autour des trous noirs massifs sont etendus pour inclure la polarisation du rayonnement emis par les disques et discuter les methodes possibles de detection de ce rayonnement. La theorie de la polarisation et de la propagation du rayonnement dans la metrique de Kerr est passee en revue. Les effets relativistes sont demontres en considerant un disque simple dans le modele du corps noir, puis les calculs sont explicites pour les disques des noyaux actifs de galaxies.