Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distribution of sphingosine kinase activity and mRNA in rodent brain

Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is a lipid mediator that exerts multiple cellular functions through activation of a subfamily of G‐protein‐coupled receptors. Although there is evidence that S1P plays a role in the developing and adult CNS, little is known about the ability of brain parenchyma to synthesize this lipid. We have therefore analyzed the brain distribution of the enzymatic activity of the S1P synthesizing enzyme, sphingosine kinase (SPHK) [EC:2.7. 1.91], as well as mRNA distribution for one of the two isoforms of this enzyme, sphingosine kinase 2. SPHK activity, measured by the conversion of [3H]sphingosine to [3H]S1P, is highest in cerebellum, followed by cortex and brainstem. Lowest activities were found in striatum and hippocampus. Sensitivity to 0.1% Triton‐X suggests that this activity is accounted for by SPHK2. RT‐PCR and in situ hybridization studies show that mRNA for this isoform has a distribution similar to that of SPHK activity. In vivo and in vitro ischemia increase SPHK activity and SPHK2 mRNA levels. These results indicate that SPHK2 is the predominant S1P‐synthesizing isoform in normal brain parenchyma. Its heterogeneous distribution, in particular laminar distribution in cortex, suggests a neuronal localization and a possible role in cortical and cerebellar functions, in normal as well as ischemic brain.
Identification of communication devices from analysis of traffic patterns

Recently, variety of communication devices such as printers, IP telephones, network cameras are used widely, with the support of networking in consumer electronics. As a spread of IoT (Internet of Things), the number of embed devices are significantly increasing, however, such devices have lack of capability on security. It is therefore desirable that a network identifies these devices to take appropriate operations. In this paper, we propose an identification method of communication devices from monitoring patterns of traffic, here we use statistical metrics such as packet inter-arrival time or packet size, and we apply a machine learning for the identification. Through evaluations using real traffic, we show that our method can achieve over 90% of identification to 9 commiunication devices.
A Permutation-based Multiple Access DCSK System

This paper presents a method to enhance the differential chaos-shift-keying (DCSK) and multiple access DCSK systems. By introducing a permutation transformation which destroys the similarity between the reference and data samples in a DCSK system, the bit rate can be made undetectable from the frequency spectrum, thereby enhancing the data security. Using different transformations for different users, the interference between users in a multiple access system can be minimized, and each symbol is ensured to be sent within one bit duration for all users. Furthermore, the implementation requires only slight modification to the original DCSK system. Index Terms — Chaos communication, differential chaosshift-keying, multiple access.
Prevalence and Sleep Related Disorders of Restless Leg Syndrome in Hemodialysis Patients

Background: Despite being frequently described, Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) in patients, who are on hemodialysis, is a common disease which, has not been well documented in Iran. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of RLS and its sleep disorders in Iranian patients on hemodialysis. Patients and Methods: In this multicenter cross sectional study, 397 consecutive patients on hemodialysis were evaluated by face-to-face interviews. RLS was diagnosed using the International RLS Study Group (IRLSS) criteria. In addition, three validated sleep disorder questionnaires (Insomnia Severity Index, Epworth sleepiness scale and Pittsburgh sleep quality index) were completed by the patients. Results: One hundred-twenty-six patients with RLS (31.7%; mean age 57.6 ± 15.4 years) participated in the current study. RLS mostly occurs in females (P < 0.001). RLS cases showed poorer quality of sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index > 5, P = 0.001), higher scores of Epworth Sleepiness Scale (P < 0.001) and insomnia severity index (P = 0.001). Except thyroid gland dysfunction (P < 0.03, OR ≈ 2.50) and anti-hypertensive medications (P < 0.01, OR ≈ 1.7), there were no significant differences between age, duration of dialysis, etiology of renal insufficiency, intake of nicotine, alcohol or caffeine, and other associated comorbidities between the patients with and without RLS. Conclusions: In the current study, prevalence of RLS was near the weighted-mean prevalence of other studies (mean 30%, range 8%t-52%). This is not just racial variability and may attribute to narrow or wide definition of the disease, plus variations of the prevalence recording time, and sometimes not using the standard criteria or standard interview.
A synoptic climatological analysis of rainfall variability in south‐eastern Australia

Monthly rainfall data for the state of Victoria in south-eastern Australia were analyzed using principal component analysis and Varimax orthogonal rotation, with the intention of revealing typical patterns of rainfall variability. Two data sets were used: a spatially detailed set for 1970–1980, and a less spatially detailed set for 1905–1980. The first five rotated principal component patterns (RPCPs) produced from the two data sets showed the same structure. These five RPCPs each dominated rainfall over a particular sub-region of the study region, and the climatic regionalization that this suggested appeared to be one strongly determined by topography. The anomalies of Australian region mean monthly mean sea-level (MSL) pressure associated with these five RPCPs of rainfall were determined using correlational techniques. Of the five main RPCPs of rainfall, the pattern based in the south-west of the state showed the strongest relationship with monthly pressure anomalies, and was associated with the occurrence of onshore westerly winds. The results for the rainfall pattern based in northern Victoria were perhaps the most interesting. Rainfall in this region was related to the occurrence of anomalous northerly winds through southeastern Australia, although through the cooler months of the year these winds accompanied a low pressure anomaly centred over central Australia, whereas in the warmer months they were associated with a high pressure anomaly centred to the south-east of the continent. This northern rainfall pattern also showed some month to month persistence, and a distinct correlation with the Southern Oscillation.
Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China

The Longmen Shan region includes, from west to east, the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau, the Sichuan Basin, and the eastern part of the eastern Sichuan fold-and-thrust belt. In the northeast, it merges with the Micang Shan, a part of the Qinling Mountains. The Longmen Shan region can be divided into two major tectonic elements: (1) an autochthon/parautochthon, which underlies the easternmost part of the Tibetan Plateau, the Sichuan Basin, and the eastern Sichuan fold-and-thrust belt; and (2) a complex allochthon, which underlies the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau. The allochthon was emplaced toward the southeast during Late Triassic time, and it and the western part of the autochthon/parautochthon were modified by Cenozoic deformation. The autochthon/parautochthon was formed from the western part of the Yangtze platform and consists of a Proterozoic basement covered by a thin, incomplete succession of Late Proterozoic to Middle Triassic shallow-marine and nonmarine sedimentary rocks interru.
Identification of Genetic Determinants Responsible for the Rapid Immunosuppressive Activity and the Low Leukemogenic Potential of a Variant of Friend Leukemia Virus, FIS-2

ABSTRACT An immunosuppressive variant of Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV), FIS-2, induces suppression of the primary antibody response against sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) in adult NMRI mice more efficiently than the prototype F-MuLV clone 57 (cl.57). It is, however, less potent than F-MuLV cl.57 in inducing erythroleukemia upon inoculation into newborn NMRI mice. Nucleotide sequence analysis shows a high degree of homology between the two viruses. Single point mutations are scattered over both the gag and the env encoding regions. The most notable mutations are the deletion of one direct repeat and a few single point mutations occurring in the binding sites for cellular transcriptional factors in the FIS-2 long terminal repeat region (LTR). To define the genetic determinants responsible for the pathogenic properties of FIS-2, we constructed six chimeras between FIS-2 and F-MuLV cl.57. Adult mice were infected with the chimeras, and their primary antibody responses against SRBC were investigated. The results showed that the fragment encompassing the FIS-2 envencoding region SU is responsible for the increased immunosuppressive activity in adult mice. A leukemogenicity assay was also performed by infecting newborn mice with the chimeras. Consistent with the previous studies, it showed that the deletion of one direct repeat in the FIS-2 LTR is responsible for the long latent period of erythroleukemia induced by FIS-2 in newborn-inoculated mice. However, studies of cell type-specific transcriptional activities of FIS-2 and F-MuLV cl.57 LTRs using LTR-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase constructs showed that the deletion of one direct repeat does not reduce the transcriptional activity of the FIS-2 LTR. The activity is either comparable to or higher than the transcriptional activity of the F-MuLV cl.57 LTR in the different cell lines that we used, even in an erythroleukemia cell line. It seems that the high transcriptional strength of the FIS-2 LTR is not sufficient to give FIS-2 a high leukemogenic effect. This suggestion is inconsistent with the previous suggestion that the transcriptional strength of an LTR in a given cell type is correlated with the leukemogenic potential in the corresponding tissue. In other words, these data indicate that the direct repeats in the F-MuLV LTR may play other roles besides transcriptional enhancer in the leukemogenesis of F-MuLV.
Mechanism of the reaction catalyzed by mandelate racemase: structure and mechanistic properties of the D270N mutant.

On the basis of the available high-resolution structures of mandelate racemase (MR) from Pseudomonas putida [Landro, J.A. , Gerlt, J.A. , Kozarich, J.W. , Koo, C.W. , Shah, V.J., Kenyon, G.L. , Neidhart, D.J., Fujita, J., & Petsko, G.A. (1994) Biochemistry 33, 635-643], Lys 166 and His 297 are positioned appropriately to participate in catalysis as acid/base catalysts, with Lys 166 participating as the (S)-specific acid/base catalyst and His 297 participating as the (R)-specific acid/base catalyst. The dependence of kcat on pH for the racemization of both (R)- and (S)-mandelates suggests that the pKaS of the conjugate acids of Lys 166 and His 297 are both approximately 6.4 [Landro, J.A. , Kallarakal, A.T. , Ransom, S.C. , Gerlt, J.A. , Kozarich, J.W. , Neidhart, D.J., Kenyon, G.L. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 9274-9281; Kallarakal, A.T. , Mitra, B. , Kozarich, J.W. , Gerlt, J.A. , Clifton, J.R. , Petsko, G.A. , & Kenyon, G.L. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 2788-2797]. Both acid/base catalysts are in close proximity to and approximately equidistant to the epsilon-ammonium group of Lys 164 and the essential Mg2+. The positive electrostatic potential provided by these cationic groups might be expected to increase the acidities of the cationic conjugate acids of the acid/base catalysts, thereby explaining the depressed pKa of Lys 166 but not the "normal" pKa of His 297. Asp 270 is hydrogen bonded of N delta of His 297 and, therefore, may allow the pKa of His 297 to be normal. In this paper we report the structural and mechanistic properties of the mutant in which Asp 270 is replaced with asparagine (D270N). The structure of D270N with (S)-atrolactate bound in the active site reveals no geometric alterations in the active site when compared to the structure of wild-type MR complexed with (S)-atrolactate, with the exception that the side chain of His 297 is tilted and displaced approximately 0.5 A away from Asn 270 and toward the (S)-atrolactate. The kcatS for both (R)- and (S)-mandelates are reduced approximately 10(4)-fold. In accord with the proposal that Asp 270 influences the pKa of His 297, in the (R)- to (S)-direction no ascending limb is detected in the dependence of kcat of pH; instead, kcat decreases from a low pH plateau as described by a pKa of 10. In the (S)- to (R)-direction the dependence of kcat of pH is a bell-shaped curve that is described by pKaS of 6.4 and 10. In analogy to the previously reported properties of the H297N mutant [Landro, J.A. , Kallarakal, A.T. , Ransom, S.C. , Gerlt, J.A. , Kozarich, J.W. , Neidhart, D.J., & Kenyon, G.L. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 9274-9281], D270N catalyzes both the facile exchange of the alpha-proton of (S)- but not (R)-mandelate with solvent and the stereospecific elimination of bromide ion from (S)-p-(bromomethyl)mandalate. These observations suggest that His 297 and Asp 270 function as a catalytic dyad, with Asp 270 being at least partially responsible for the normal pKa of His 297 in wild-type MR.
fpga-ToPSS: line-speed event processing on fpgas

In this demo, we present fpga-ToPSS (a member of Toronto Publish/Subscribe System Family), an efficient event processing platform for high-frequency and low-latency algorithmic trading. Our event processing platform is built over reconfigurable hardware---FPGAs---to achieve line-rate processing. Furthermore, our event processing engine supports Boolean expression matching with an expressive predicate language that models complex financial strategies to autonomously mimic the buying and the selling of stocks based on real-time financial data.
Retroviral promoters in the human genome

MOTIVATION Endogenous retrovirus (ERV) elements have been shown to contribute promoter sequences that can initiate transcription of adjacent human genes. However, the extent to which retroviral sequences initiate transcription within the human genome is currently unknown. We analyzed genome sequence and high-throughput expression data to systematically evaluate the presence of retroviral promoters in the human genome. RESULTS We report the existence of 51,197 ERV-derived promoter sequences that initiate transcription within the human genome, including 1743 cases where transcription is initiated from ERV sequences that are located in gene proximal promoter or 5' untranslated regions (UTRs). A total of 114 of the ERV-derived transcription start sites can be demonstrated to drive transcription of 97 human genes, producing chimeric transcripts that are initiated within ERV long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences and read-through into known gene sequences. ERV promoters drive tissue-specific and lineage-specific patterns of gene expression and contribute to expression divergence between paralogs. These data illustrate the potential of retroviral sequences to regulate human transcription on a large scale consistent with a substantial effect of ERVs on the function and evolution of the human genome.
Molecular cloning, expression, purification and functional characterization of an antifungal cyclophilin protein from Panax ginseng

Cyclophilins (CyPs), a member of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases), are ubiquitously distributed in organisms such as bacteria, yeast, plants and animals. CyPs have diverse biological functions, with some exhibiting antifungal and antiviral activities. In this study, Panax ginseng cyclophilin (pgCyP), a novel gene encoding an antifungal protein from Panax ginseng, was cloned, and its protein product was expressed in Escherichia coli, and then fractionated by affinity chromatography. The open reading frame of the pgCyP full-length coding sequence was found to encode a single-domain CyP-like protein of 174 amino residues with a calculated molecular weight of 18.7 kDa. The pGEX system was used to express pgCyP fused to glutathione S-transferase. After affinity purification, the protein showed a strong fungal resistance effect on Phytophthora cactorum. In addition, pgCyP showed high PPIase activity. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first successful effort to clone and characterize a CyP-like protein gene from Panax ginseng.
Cross-sectional and prospective study of exercise and depressed mood in the elderly : the Rancho Bernardo study.

This study examined cross-sectional and prospective associations of exercise with depressed mood in a community-based sample of older men and women (aged 50--89 years in 1984--1987) in southern California. Regular strenuous exercise and exercise > or =3 times per week were reported; depressed mood was assessed by using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). After exclusion of persons with categorical depression and those rating themselves largely or extremely physically limited during the previous month, data on 932 men and 1,097 women were available for cross-sectional analysis. Exercise and depressed mood were reassessed for 404 men and 540 women in 1992--1995; these data were the focus of prospective analyses. In 1984--1987, exercise rates were high (>80%), and average BDI scores were low. Cross-sectional analyses indicated that before and after adjustment for covariates, exercise was significantly associated with less depressed mood. However, prospective analyses of the 944 persons who attended both clinic visits indicated no association between baseline exercise and either follow-up BDI score (p > 0.10) or change in BDI score between baseline and follow-up (p > 0.10). Results confirm that exercisers have less depressed mood. However, exercise does not protect against future depressed mood for those not clinically depressed at baseline.
Bridging the knowledge gap: from microbiome composition to function

Despite the wealth of metagenomic sequencing data, the functions of most bacterial genes from the mammalian microbiota have remained poorly understood. In their recent study (Yaung et al 2015), Wang, Gerber, and colleagues present a platform which allows functional mining of bacterial genomes for genes that contribute to fitness in vivo and holds great potential for forward engineering microbes with enhanced colonization abilities in the microbiota.
Latitudinal variation of aerosol optical depths from northern Arabian Sea to Antarctica

Measurements of the spectral aerosol optical depths (AODs) were made over the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Antarctica during a trans‐continental cruise experiment conducted during January to April 2006. Our investigations show that AODs (at 500 nm) remain low (≤0.1) and steady in the Southern Indian Ocean (20°S to 40°S). In contrast, large latitudinal gradients exist north of 20°S. The AODs increase nearly exponentially from ∼0.1 near Antarctica to reach a value as high as 0.7 in the northern Arabian Sea (∼15°N). The latitudinal gradients were larger in summer than in winter. The comparison of measured daily optical depths with those retrieved from MODIS satellite sensor showed good agreement (within ∼0.02) for regions north of 40°S. The AODs were higher over remote oceans between 40°S to 60°S (MODIS observations) latitudes as a result of enhanced sea‐salt production due to high winds associated with the ‘Roaring Forties. ’
Prevalence of Single and Multiple Human Papillomavirus Types in Cervical Cancer and Precursor Lesions in Hubei, China

Objective: The objective of this study was to establish the prevalence and type distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in Hubei, China. Methods: A total of 112 patients with cervical cancer and 60 CIN II–III samples were obtained from women undergoing biopsy or surgery. HPV and typing were examined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Results: HPV DNA was detected in 105 patients with cervical cancer (93.75%), HPV 16 being detected in 91 (81.25%) cases, and HPV 58 in 7 (6.25%) cases. HPV DNA was detected in 50 patients with CIN II–III (83.33%), HPV 16 being detected in 37 (61.67%) cases, HPV 58 in 5 cases (8.33%). HPV 18 was not common in this study. About 11% cervical cancer and 8.33% CIN II–III specimens exhibited multiple infections (p = 0.79). Conclusion: The high prevalence of HPV 16 in Hubei, China, deserves attention as it has important implications for the usefulness of vaccine and the choice of diagnostic methods.
Homotopies for Free!

We show "free theorems" in the style of Wadler for polymorphic functions in homotopy type theory as consequences of the abstraction theorem. As an application, it follows that every space defined as a higher inductive type has the same homotopy groups as some type of polymorphic functions defined without univalence or higher inductive types.
Variations of sea‐surface temperatures off north‐eastern Australia and associations with rainfall in Queensland: 1956–1987

Spatial, seasonal, and interannual variations of sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) in the area 0.30°S, 130–180°E are examined for the period of 1956–1987. Sea-surface temperatures in this region are high throughout the year with an annual range of only 0.5°C close to the Equator, increasing to 5.0°C, south of 24°S. Interannual variability of SSTs is highest and year-to year persistence of anomalies is lowest in October-November. Interannual variability is lowest and year-to-year persistence is highest in April-May. Sea-surface temperature anomalies developed in June-July are more likely to persist through subsequent seasons than SST anomalies developed in December-January. Interannual variations of SSTs are related more closely to Queensland rainfall variations in the winter season than in the summer season. In the summer season, SST-rainfall linkages are dominated by co-variations of these two variables with the Southern Oscillation. In the winter season, significant associations between SSTs and rainfall are present in the absence of large variations of the Southern Oscillation.
Mobile Collaborative Informal Learning Design: Study of collaborative effectiveness using Activity Theory

Smart Mobile Devices (SMD) are there for many years but using them as learning tools started to emerge as new research area. The trend to merge collaborative learning methodology by using mobile devices in informal context is important for implementation of Learner Centric Learning (LCL). Survey and numerous studies show that more than 95% of students in colleges are users of these smart mobile devices in developed world. Developing counties are also catching up and we can see this percentage is almost same in university level in these countries. Students are using SMDs for learning in some form. Higher education Institutions also try to embark their E-learning to Mobile learning (ML). The aim of this paper is to do propose operational framework for designing Mobile Collaborative Informal learning activities using SMDs. Show results of experimental and case study done to study the Mobile Collaborative Informal learning using Activity Theory (AT). Core Components of framework are Mobile Learning Activities/Objects, Wireless/Mobile Smart devices, Collaborative knowledge and Collaborative learning. The research mention here is its infancy stage.