Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Providers, Unmarried Young Women, and Post‐Abortion Care in Kenya

Abstract Young women and girls in Kenya face challenges in access to abortion care services. Using in‐depth and focus group interviews, we explored providers’ constructions of these challenges. In general, providers considered abortion to be commonplace in Kenya; reported being regularly approached to offer abortion‐related care and services; and articulated the structural, contextual, and personal challenges they faced in serving young post‐abortion care (PAC) patients. They also considered induced abortion among young unmarried girls to be especially objectionable; stressed premarital fertility and out‐of‐union sexual activity among unmarried young girls as transgressive of respectable femininity and proper adolescence; blamed young women and girls for the challenges they reported in obtaining PAC services; and linked these challenges to young women's efforts to conceal their failures related to gender and adolescence, exemplified by pre‐marital pregnancy and abortion. This study shows how providers’ distinctive emphasis that young abortion care‐seekers are to blame for their own difficulties in accessing PAC may add to the ongoing crisis of post‐abortion care for young women and adolescent girls in Kenya.
Sequence 18-29 on actin: antibody and spectroscopic probing of conformational changes.

Experimental evidence for the involvement of the 18-29 site within actin subdomain-1 in the actomyosin weak binding interface includes the inhibition of actomyosin ATPase activity by specific peptide antibodies [Adams, S. , & Reisler, E. (1993) Biochemistry 32, 5051-5056] and by the Dictyostelium actin mutant D24H/D25H [Johara, M. , et al. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 2127-2131]. In this work, the effect of the 18-29 peptide antibodies on the polymerization and conformation of actin has been characterized. Binding of antibody to the 18-29 site strongly inhibited the MgCl2-induced polymerization of G-actin, had a much weaker impact on the CaCl2 polymerization of actin, and showed very little effect on the NaCl polymerization of G-actin. These observations were linked to the binding of the 18-29 antibody to the different forms of actin. In sedimentation assays, the (18-29) IgG bound more strongly to Mg-F- and Mg-G-actins than to Ca-F- and Ca-G-actins, respectively. The binding of IgG to F-actin decreased sharply with an increase in ionic strength. Antibody binding to the 18-29 site induced conformational changes within the nucleotide cleft, both slowing the rate of nucleotide exchange and increasing the fluorescence intensity of actin-bound epsilon ATP. The increased fluorescence of a dansyl probe attached to Gln-41 and a pyrene probe attached to Cys-374 demonstrated that antibody binding also caused local perturbations in the DNase I loop of subdomain-2 and at the C-terminus of actin. These results are discussed in terms of actin plasticity and its implications for actomyosin interactions.
Thermophysiological responses of human volunteers to whole body RF exposure at 220 MHz

Since 1994, our research has demonstrated how thermophysiological responses are mobilized in human volunteers exposed to three radio frequencies, 100, 450, and 2450 MHz. A significant gap in this frequency range is now filled by the present study, conducted at 220 MHz. Thermoregulatory responses of heat loss and heat production were measured in six adult volunteers (five males, one female, aged 24–63 years) during 45 min whole body dorsal exposures to 220 MHz radio frequency (RF) energy. Three power densities (PD = 9, 12, and 15 mW/cm2 [1 mW/cm2 = 10 W/m2], whole body average normalized specific absorption rate [SAR] = 0.045 [W/kg]/[mW/cm2] = 0.0045 [W/kg]/[W/m2]) were tested at each of three ambient temperatures (Ta = 24, 28, and 31 °C) plus Ta controls (no RF). Measured responses included esophageal (Tesoph) and seven skin temperatures (Tsk), metabolic rate (M), local sweat rate, and local skin blood flow (SkBF). Derived measures included heart rate (HR), respiration rate, and total evaporative water loss (EWL). Finite difference‐time domain (FDTD) modeling of a seated 70 kg human exposed to 220 MHz predicted six localized ‘hot spots’ at which local temperatures were also measured. No changes in M occurred under any test condition, while Tesoph showed small changes (≤0.35 °C) but never exceeded 37.3 °C. As with similar exposures at 100 MHz, local Tsk changed little and modest increases in SkBF were recorded. At 220 MHz, vigorous sweating occurred at PD = 12 and 15 mW/cm2, with sweating levels higher than those observed for equivalent PD at 100 MHz. Predicted ‘hot spots’ were confirmed by local temperature measurements. The FDTD model showed the local SAR in deep neural tissues that harbor temperature‐sensitive neurons (e.g., brainstem, spinal cord) to be greater at 220 than at 100 MHz. Human exposure at both 220 and 100 MHz results in far less skin heating than occurs during exposure at 450 MHz. However, the exposed subjects thermoregulate efficiently because of increased heat loss responses, particularly sweating. It is clear that these responses are controlled by neural signals from thermosensors deep in the brainstem and spinal cord, rather than those in the skin. Bioelectromagnetics 26:448–461, 2005. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
'Twenty something': The social policy and practice implications of emerging adulthood

Emerging adulthood has been identified by Arnett (2000) as a new developmental stage that comprises 18-25 years. This period of the life span has characteristic and significant personal challenges, and it also contains New Zealand's highest proportion of problem behaviours such as hazardous drinking, dangerous driving, loneliness and mental illness. Research on 18-25 year-olds who have overcome difficult upbringings can provide insights on how to respond to other young people whose development is compromised. As a society, it is recommended that we pay more attention to the particular circumstances of emerging adults and that we allocate more social service resources to the members of this age group who are experiencing difficulties. Emerging adulthood, newly identified as a distinct phase of human development, must be an area of key interest for social policy analysts, social work practitioners and social service managers. This phase falls between the ages of 18 and 25 years and between adolescence and young adulthood. Like the categorisation of adolescence before it, emerging adulthood has come about as a consequence of economic progress and increased life expectancy, and it is a regular part of post-industrial societies such as our own (Arnett, 2004). On a simple and evidential level, this new division of the lifespan may explain why young people do not seem to settle down and marry like they used to. In fact, emerging adulthood is associated with an array of defining attributes and included here is a general sense of enhanced wellbeing for the young people themselves. This period is of particular relevance to human service professionals, nonetheless, because it also contains our highest proportion of troubled young people, and since it presents some unique opportunities for intervening in people's lives in beneficial ways.
Risk Factors for Poststroke Depression: An Integrative Review

ABSTRACT Background: Poststroke depression (PSD) is the most common stroke-related emotional disorder and affecting one-third of stroke survivors at any time up to 5 years after stroke. Poststroke depression affects rehabilitation after stroke and may delay recovery. The purpose of this integrative review is to analyze the state of the science in regard to risk factors for PSD. Methods: The electronic databases PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and PsycInfo were searched. Inclusion criteria included (1) peer-reviewed primary observational Western studies, (2) PSD as the primary outcome, (3) included adult stroke survivors, and (4) and published after 2004. The integrative review guidelines were used for analysis. Results: From an original of 406 articles identified, 18 met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed: 3 cross-sectional, 14 prospective cohort, and 1 case control. The most common risk factors associated with PSD are stroke severity, cognitive impairment, physical disability, and functional dependency. Others factors including demographic and social factors and medical history were not consistent across studies. Conclusions: Overall, quality of the research was limited by small sample sizes, selection bias, number of selected variables, and lack of multivariate analyses. Nurses should identify patients at risk for PSD through early depression screening and provide interventions to enhance rehabilitation and improve recovery.
A Privacy Protection Model for Online Social Networks

Online Social Networks (OSNs) have become an important part of daily digital interactions for more than half a billion users around the world. Unconstrained by physical spaces, OSNs offer to web users new interesting means to communicate, interact, and socialize. While these networks make frequent data sharing and inter-user communications instantly possible, privacy-related issues are their obvious much discussed immediate consequences. Recent research identifies a growing privacy problem that exists within OSNs. Several studies have shown how easily strangers can extract personal data about users from the OSNs. There is need for automatic and easy to use privacy protection mechanism. We propose social interaction based audience segregation model for online social networks. Our model uses type, frequency, and initiation factor of social interactions to calculate relationship strength. This model mimics real life interaction patterns and makes online social networks more privacy friendly.
Macroporous polyacrylamide‐based monolithic column with immobilized pH gradient for protein analysis

Monolithic materials were prepared in capillaries by in situ polymerization of acrylamide, glycidyl methacrylate, and N,N'‐methylenebisacrylamide in the presence of 1,4‐butanediol, dodecanol, and DMSO as porogens. With Ampholine attached to the surface of the porous monolith via epoxide groups, a monolithic‐IPG (M‐IPG) was formed and showed good mechanical and chemical stability. With such a column immobilized by Ampholine 3.5–10, IEF‐MIX 3.6–9.3 was separated and good linearity was obtained. The CIEF behavior of M‐IPG was evinced by comparing the current with that in the open tubular capillary. In addition, the protein mixtures excreted from lung cancer cells of rats were analyzed with such a new M‐IPG column.
Angiotensin II‐elicited signal transduction via AT1 receptors in endothelial cells

1 . Angiotensin II (AII) actions are mediated by two distinct types of receptors: AT1, which includes two subtypes, AT1A and AT1B, and AT2. AII produces vasoconstriction on the vascular wall acting directly on smooth muscle cells via AT1 receptors. AII receptors have recently been demonstrated on endothelial cells. But the pharmacological characteristics of these receptors and the intracellular signal pathways coupled to them remain unclear. 2 . The aim of this work was to characterize the AII receptor subtypes in rat aortic endothelial cells (RAEC) in primary culture and to evaluate the signal pathways coupled to these receptors by measuring the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2). 3 . Labelled AII bound to RAEC in a specific, saturable manner. Scatchard analysis showed a Kd of 1.87±0.49 nM and a Bmax of 50.2±10.9 × 103 sites per cell. AII was displaced by the AT1‐specific antagonist, DuP753 with a Ki of 17.37 ± 1.49 nM, but not by the AT2 receptor analogues CGP42771B or PD123177. These data were confirmed by the finding of AT1 mRNA in endothelial cells. Analysis of RNA expression by RT‐PCR showed the presence of both subtypes, AT1A and AT1B, in endothelial cells, whereas smooth muscle cells express only AT1A. 4 . The activation of PLC and PLA2 in response to AII was evaluated by measuring inositol phosphate production and arachidonic acid release, respectively. Both were enhanced by AII in a dose‐dependent manner, and inhibited by DuP753, but not by PD123177. 5 . We conclude that AT1 receptors are expressed by endothelial cells in primary culture and that phospholipase C and phospholipase A2 are activated via this receptor.
The Case for Increasing Workplace Decision-Making

The chronically high rate of special educator attrition across U.S. schools creates a dilemma for educational leaders because special educators provide direct services to students with special needs. Attrition exacerbates already high special educator shortages reported in most districts, and nearly one million schoolchildren with disabilities receive fewer or no services as a result. Given this dilemma, the purpose of this article is to advance a research-based model to provide guidance for school administrators and researchers. Adapted from previous conceptual models and perspectives, the proposed model combines five thematic, contributing factors and a sixth, relatively understudied factor, workplace decision-making, to illustrate factor effects on special educators’ perceptions of job satisfaction and, ultimately, career decisions.
Can Men and Women Differentiate Between Friendly and Sexually Interested Behavior

Research indicates that males perceive people to be more interested in sex than do women and are less able than women to differentiate among liking, love, and sexual involvement. Does this mean, as Abbey (1982) hypothesized, that males cannot differentiate between friendly and sexually interested behavior? Videotapes were prepared of five couples, each showing a male and a female behaving in either a friendly or a sexually interested fashion. The design was 2 (sex of subject) x 2 (male intent) x 2 (female intent) x 2 (sex of actor), with sex of actor as a within-subject factor. The data were analyzed by means of a MANOVA. Results of subjects' ratings of videotapes indicate that 1) males perceive both males and females as having more sexual interest than do females, and 2) both males and females differentiate between friendly and interested behavior. We concluded that 1) males and females have different thresholds for the perception of sexual intent, and 2) members of either sex can make errors, depending upon their perceptual threshold and the emotivity of the actors. The gender difference in the perception of sexual intent is thought to result from the male's greater sexual appetite, which the male uses as a model for the attribution of the appetites of others.
Poisson Matrix Recovery and Completion

We extend the theory of low-rank matrix recovery and completion to the case when Poisson observations for a linear combination or a subset of the entries of a matrix are available, which arises in various applications with count data. We consider the usual matrix recovery formulation through maximum likelihood with proper constraints on the matrix M of size d1-by-d2, and establish theoretical upper and lower bounds on the recovery error. Our bounds for matrix completion are nearly optimal up to a factor on the order of O(log(d1d2)). These bounds are obtained by combining techniques for recovering sparse vectors with compressed measurements in Poisson noise, those for analyzing low-rank matrices, as well as those for one-bit matrix completion [Davenport , “1-bit Matrix Completion, Information and Inference,” Information and Inference, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 189-223, Sep. 2014] (although these two problems are different in nature). The adaptation requires new techniques exploiting properties of the Poisson likelihood function and tackling the difficulties posed by the locally sub-Gaussian characteristic of the Poisson distribution. Our results highlight a few important distinctions of the Poisson case compared to the prior work including having to impose a minimum signal-to-noise requirement on each observed entry and a gap in the upper and lower bounds. We also develop a set of efficient iterative algorithms and demonstrate their good performance on synthetic examples and real data.
The influence of nursing leadership on nurse performance: a systematic literature review.

AIM The aim was to explore leadership factors that influence nurse performance and particularly, the role that nursing leadership behaviors play in nurses' perceptions of performance motivation. BACKGROUND Nurse performance is vital to quality patient care outcomes and nursing leadership behaviors have been linked to nurse performance. EVALUATIONS A review of research articles that examined the factors that nurses perceived as influencing their motivation and performance was conducted. Eight studies were included in the final analysis. KEY ISSUES Nurses' perceptions of factors that affect their motivation and ability to perform were grouped into five categories using content analysis: autonomy, work relationships, resource accessibility, nurse factors, and leadership practices. Nursing leadership behaviors were found to influence both nurses' motivations directly and indirectly via other factors. CONCLUSION The review suggests that nurse performance may be improved by addressing nurse autonomy, relationships among nurses, their colleagues and leaders, and resource accessibility. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Nursing managers and leaders may enhance their nurses' performance by understanding and addressing the factors that affect their ability and motivation to perform.
Prevalence of the JAK2 V617F mutation is low among unselected patients with a first episode of unprovoked venous thromboembolism

V . U G O, * G. LE GAL , §– L . LECUCQ,* D . MOTT IER §– and E . OGER §** FOR THE ED ITH COLLABOR AT IVE STUDY G ROUP *Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Brest, Laboratoire d Hématologie, Brest; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Brest; Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé de Brest, Brest; §UBO, GETBO (Groupe d Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale), Brest; –Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Brest, Département de Médecine Interne et Pneumologie, Brest; and **INSERM, Centre d Investigations Clinique, Brest, France
A software-SVM-based transactional memory for multicore accelerator architectures with local memory

We propose a software transactional memory (STM) for heterogeneous multicores with small local memory. The heterogeneous multicore architecture consists of a general-purpose processor element (GPE) and multiple accelerator processor elements (APEs). The GPE is typically backed by a deep, on-chip cache hierarchy and hardware cache coherence. On the other hand, the APEs have small, explicitly addressed local memory that is not coherent with the main memory. Programmers of such multicore architectures suffer from explicit memory management and coherence problems. The STM for such multicores can alleviate the burden of the programmer and transparently handle data transfers at run time. Moreover, it makes the programmer free from controlling locks. Our TM is based on an existing software SVM for the accelerator architecture. The software SVM exploits software-managed caches and coherence protocols between the GPE and APEs. We also propose an optimization technique, called abort prediction, for the TM. It blocks a transaction from running until the chance of potential conflicts is eliminated. We implement the TM system and the optimization technique for a single Cell BE processor and evaluate their effectiveness with six compute-intensive benchmark applications.
The helicity and vorticity of liquid-crystal flows

We present explicit expressions of the helicity conservation in nematic liquid-crystal flows, for both the Ericksen–Leslie and Landau–de Gennes theories. This is done by using a minimal coupling argument that leads to an Euler-like equation for a modified vorticity involving both velocity and structure fields (e.g. director and alignment tensor). This equation for the modified vorticity shares many relevant properties with ideal fluid dynamics, and it allows for vortex-filament configurations, as well as point vortices, in two dimensions. We extend all these results to particles of arbitrary shape by considering systems with fully broken rotational symmetry.
Attribute Extraction from Product Titles in eCommerce

This paper presents a named entity extraction system for detecting attributes in product titles of eCommerce retailers like Walmart. The absence of syntactic structure in such short pieces of text makes extracting attribute values a challenging problem. We find that combining sequence labeling algorithms such as Conditional Random Fields and Structured Perceptron with a curated normalization scheme produces an effective system for the task of extracting product attribute values from titles. To keep the discussion concrete, we will illustrate the mechanics of the system from the point of view of a particular attribute - brand. We also discuss the importance of an attribute extraction system in the context of retail websites with large product catalogs, compare our approach to other potential approaches to this problem and end the paper with a discussion of the performance of our system for extracting attributes.
Clinical curriculum for the twenty-first century.

Dr. Holmes is Associate Professor and Chair, Division of Comprehensive Care, University of Colorado School of Dentistry; Dr. Boston is Professor and Chair, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Temple University School of Dentistry; Dr. Budenz is Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Diagnosis and Management, University of the Pacific School of Dentistry; and Dr. Licari is Assistant Professor and Associate Dean for Patient Care and Clinical Education, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry. Direct correspondence and requests for reprints to Dr. David C. Holmes, University of Colorado School of Dentistry, Campus Box C284, 4200 E. Ninth Avenue, Denver, CO 80262; 303-315-6371 phone; 303-315-0346 fax; David.Holmes@uchsc.edu.
A SIMULTANEOUS DYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION APPROACH FOR NATURAL GAS PROCESSING PLANTS

In this work we address dynamic optimization of natural gas processing plants through the use first principle models and full discretization of both control and state variables. The optimization problem includes rigorous models for cryogenic countercurrent heat exchangers with partial phase change, separation tanks, distillation columns and turboexpanders. Thermodynamic predictions are made with a cubic equation of state. The partial differential algebraic equation system is transformed into ordinary differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) by applying the method of Lines for the spatial coordinate in cryogenic heat exchangers. The resulting optimization problem is formulated and solved by applying orthogonal collocation on finite elements, and the large-scale Nonlinear Programming (NLP) problem is solved with a Newton-based Interior Point method. The objective is to switch between operating modes to minimize the offset between current ethane recovery and a set point value. Numerical results provide temporal and spatial profiles of controlled and manipulated variables, while fulfilling specific path constraints associated to ethane extraction processes. In particular, the tight integration between process units as well as path constraints has been efficiently handled with low computational time.