Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intestinal Failure–Associated Liver Disease: A Position Paper of the ESPGHAN Working Group of Intestinal Failure and Intestinal Transplantation

ABSTRACT Intestinal failure–associated liver disease is the most prevalent complication affecting children with intestinal failure receiving long-term parenteral nutrition. This paper reviews the definition, diagnostic criteria, pathogenesis, and risk factors. The authors discuss the role of enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition, and its components, especially lipid emulsions. The authors also discuss the surgical treatment, including intestinal transplantation, its indications, technique, and results, and emphasise the importance of specialised intestinal failure centres.
Meso-scale variations in diet composition of little auk chicks in north-west Spitsbergen

ABSTRACT Colonial seabirds from neighbouring breeding aggregations may share foraging grounds or utilize different areas in order to decrease the competition over food resources. In our study, we present the meso-scale variations in the diet composition of zooplanktivorous little auk chicks (Alle alle), based on samples collected over two years in two neighbouring colonies (Aasefjellet and Magdalenefjorden) located in north-west Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Although the colonies are situated only 10 km apart, they differ in geographical features (in-fjord vs. coastal). The main findings of our study were significant inter-colony and inter-year differences in the total abundance of diet items and in abundance of particular components. The open-sea species Themisto abyssorum was more abundant in the diet of chicks from Aasefjellet, situated in the outer coast. Another open-sea species, Calanus hyperboreus was also characteristic for this colony but only in the first year of study. On the other hand, the ice-associated amphipod Apherusa glacialis was regularly observed in the diet of little auk chicks from the Magdalenefjorden colony, which is located closer to the marginal ice zone. The differences observed in the diet composition of birds from the two neighbouring sites may indicate that two colonies of birds have at least partly separate foraging areas. Our results could also suggest flexibility in the little auk’s foraging behaviour that enables it to adapt to local feeding conditions. Thus, our study significantly contributes to the deeper understanding of little auks’ feeding strategies in the changing environment of northern Spitsbergen.
Antibacterial Activity of some Medicinal Mangroves against Antibiotic Resistant Pathogenic Bacteria

The antibacterial activity of the leaves and bark of mangrove plants, Avicennia marina, A. officinalis, Bruguiera sexangula, Exoecaria agallocha, Lumnitzera racemosa, and Rhizophora apiculata was evaluated against antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus sp. Soxhlet extracts of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water were prepared and evaluated the antibacterial activity using agar diffusion method. Most of the plant extracts showed promising antibacterial activity against both bacterial species. However, higher antibacterial activity was observed for Staphylococcus aureus than Proteus sp. The highest antibacterial activity was shown by ethyl acetate of mature leaf extracts of E. agallocha for Staphylococcus aureus. All ethyl acetate extracts showed higher inhibition against S. aureus while some extracts of chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol gave inhibition against Proteus sp. None of the petroleum ether and aqueous extracts showed inhibition against Proteus sp. All fresh plant materials did also show more antibacterial activity against both bacterial strains than did dried plant extracts. Antibacterial activity of fresh and dried plant materials reduced for both bacterial strains with time after extraction. Since L. racemosa and A. marina gave the best inhibition for bacterial species, they were used for further investigations. Charcoal treated plant extracts of L. racemosa and A. marina were able to inhibit both bacterial strains more than those of untreated plant extracts. Phytochemical screening of mature leaf, bark of L. racemosa and leaf extracts of A. marina has been carried out and revealed that leaf and bark contained alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids and flavonoids. None of the above extracts indicate the presence of saponins and cardiac glycosides. Separated bands of extracts by TLC analysis showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus.
A new architectural paradigm for content-based web applications: Borè

The Web is an evolving system, which tries to adapt to the needs of users. The transition to Web2.0, and, currently, to Web3.0, are the expression of this trend: the goal is to focus on the leading role of the end user in Web browsing, which should be supported by adequate tools. In this paper, we propose Borè, an architectural paradigm for developing content-based web applications based on cooperative interaction, whose foundations are based on the principles of the model Web3.0. The proposed architecture is extremely innovative in three respects. The first one is the possibility of defining, organizing, storing, querying and displaying the information as customizable objects and relations: a notexpert user can create the Web that he/she may prefer. A second aspect is the realization of social networks (Social Cooperations), which spontaneously arise, through user resource sharing. Finally, there is the possibility of analyzing users' browsing activities, through learning tools that enable the user to enrich his/her Web browsing experience with new knowledge.
Advancing the sensitivity of selected reaction monitoring‐based targeted quantitative proteomics

Selected reaction monitoring (SRM) – also known as multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) – has emerged as a promising high‐throughput targeted protein quantification technology for candidate biomarker verification and systems biology applications. A major bottleneck for current SRM technology, however, is insufficient sensitivity for, e.g. detecting low‐abundance biomarkers likely present at the low ng/mL to pg/mL range in human blood plasma or serum, or extremely low‐abundance signaling proteins in cells or tissues. Herein, we review recent advances in methods and technologies, including front‐end immunoaffinity depletion, fractionation, selective enrichment of target proteins/peptides including posttranslational modifications, as well as advances in MS instrumentation which have significantly enhanced the overall sensitivity of SRM assays and enabled the detection of low‐abundance proteins at low‐ to sub‐ng/mL level in human blood plasma or serum. General perspectives on the potential of achieving sufficient sensitivity for detection of pg/mL level proteins in plasma are also discussed.
Usefulness of a central venous catheter during hepatic surgery

Aim: Central venous catheter (CVC) is often inserted during liver resection because a low central venous pressure (CVP) reduces blood loss and the procedure may be associated with circulatory impairment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of a CVC besides the measurements of CVP, and whether peripheral venous pressure (PVP) measurement could be used reliably in place of CVP.
Vascular Health and Risk Management Dovepress Costs and Outcomes of Noncardioembolic Ischemic Stroke in a Managed Care Population

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and incremental health care costs of ischemic stroke in a US managed care population. Patients and methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was done on patients (aged 18+ years) hospitalized with noncardioembolic ischemic stroke from January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2003, identified from commercial health plan administrative claims. New or recurrent stroke was based on history in the previous 12 months, with index date defined as first date of indication of stroke. A control group without stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) was matched (1:3) on age, sex, and geographic region, with an index date defined as the first medical claim during the patient identification period. Patients with atrial fibrillation or mitral value abnormalities were excluded. Ischemic stroke and control cohorts were compared on 4-year clinical outcomes and 1-year costs. Results: Of 2180 ischemic stroke patients, 1808 (82.9%) had new stroke and 372 (17.1%) had a recurrent stroke. Stroke patients had higher unadjusted rates of additional stroke, TIA, and fatal outcomes compared with the 6540 matched controls. Recurrent stroke patients had higher rates of adverse clinical outcomes compared with new stroke patients; costs attributed to recurrent stroke were also higher. Stroke patients were 2.4 times more likely to be hospitalized in follow-up compared with controls (hazard ratio [HR] 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2, 2.6). Occurrence of stroke following discharge was 21 times more likely among patients with index stroke compared with controls (HR 21.0, 95% CI: 16.1, 27.3). Stroke was also predictive of death (HR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3, 2.5). Controlling for covariates, stroke patients had significantly higher costs compared with control patients in the year following the index event. Conclusion: Noncardioembolic ischemic stroke patients had significantly poorer outcomes and higher costs compared with controls. Recurrent stroke appears to contribute substantially to these higher rates of adverse outcomes and costs.
Contragredient representations and characterizing the local Langlands correspondence

We consider the question: what is the contragredient in terms of L-homomorphisms? We conjecture that it corresponds to the Chevalley automorphism of the L-group, and prove this in the case of real groups. The proof uses a characterization of the local Langlands correspondence over $R$. We also consider the related notion of Hermitian dual, in the case of GL$(n,{\Bbb R})$.
Social evolution theory: a review of methods and approaches

Over the past decades much progress has been made in understanding the evolutionary factors that can promote social behaviour. Nevertheless, the bewildering range of methods that have been employed leave many confused. Here we review some of the major approaches that can be used to model social evolution, including the neighbour-modulated fi tness, inclusive fi tness and multilevel selection methods. Th rough examples we show how these diff erent methodologies can yield complementary insight into the evolutionary causes of social behaviour, and how, for a wide range of problems, one method can be translated into the other without aff ecting the fi nal conclusion. We also review some recent developments, such as the evolution of cooperation in spatial settings and networks, and multilocus extensions of the theory, and discuss some remaining challenges in social evolution theory.
Behaviour of the plathelminth Symsagittifera roscoffensis under different light conditions and the consequences for the symbiotic algae Tetraselmis convolutae

ABSTRACT Symsagittifera roscoffensis is a plathelminth living in symbiosis with the green algae Tetraselmis convolutae. Host and symbiont are a model system for the study of endosymbiosis, which has so far mainly focused on their biochemical interactions. Symsagittifera roscoffensis is well known for its positive phototaxis that is hypothesized to optimize the symbiont's light perception for photosynthesis. In this study, we conducted a detailed analysis of phototaxis using light sources of different wavelength and brightness by videotracking. Furthermore, we compared the behavioural data with the electron transfer rate of the photosystem from cultured symbiotic cells. The symbiotic algae is adapted to low light conditions, showing a positive electron transfer rate at a photosynthetically active radiation of 0.112 µmol photons m−2 s−1, and S. roscoffensis showed a positive phototactic behaviour for light intensities up to 459.17 µmol photons m−2 s−1, which is not optimal regarding the needs of the symbiotic cells and may even harm host and symbiont. Red light cannot be detected by the animals and therefore their eyes seem not to be suitable for measuring the exact photosynthetically active radiation to the benefit of the photosymbionts. Summary: Symsagittifera roscoffensis lives in a photoautotroph symbiosis with the green algae Tetraselmis convolutae. The two partners have different preferences in light exposure.
Comparative Field Stability of Selected Entomopathogenic Virus Formulations

Abstract Nucleopolyhedroviruses originally isolated from Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby) and Autographa californica (Speyer) were formulated with various ingredients using a spray dry method and tested for residual field activity in Illinois and Mississippi. In Mississippi, field tests were conducted on cotton in 1997, whereas in Illinois tests were conducted on cabbage in 1997 and 1998. Within 24 h, significant differences were observed among formulations in all tests. Unformulated virus had significantly less insecticidal activity than formulated virus and formulations containing lignin retained activity significantly longer than other formulations. Relatively small amounts of Blankophor BBH, when encapsulated within the formulation, did not greatly enhance (>10×) insecticidal activity based on LC50 determinations nor prolong insecticidal activity based on field evaluations. In most tests, >50% activity remained in formulations containing lignin, whereas unformulated virus retained <50% activity within 24 h after application.
Visual analysis of retweeting propagation network in a microblogging platform

As a novel type of real-time social networking service, microblogging has already become ubiquitous and an irreplaceable tool. Tracking in the pulse of retweeting propagation is important and meaningful. In this paper, we investigate how information propagation in a specific microblogging platform evolves to identify relevant patterns and understand dynamic attributes of information propagation and the underlying sociological motivations. More specifically, based on the node-link diagram, we propose three efficient strategies to map the multiple attributes of information propagation graph to appropriate visual elements. For revealing the dynamic attributes, we propose two models: the depth-varying and the time-varying parallel data model to illustrate the temporal evolution efficiently. We also present a novel method by combining the traditional scatter plot with Hough transformation to represent the distribution of propagation instances and trace the propagation speeds. We integrate our methods to a visual mining tool and develop several interactive features. We demonstrate how our approaches improve the understanding of the propagation graph from a visual perspective by employing propagation datasets collected from Sina Weibo, the largest microblogging service provider in mainland China. Meanwhile, this visual mining tool has been evaluated by data analysts and successfully used in Sina Corporation as a helpful assistant to them.
Mesoscale model predictions of typhoon structure and motion in the western Pacific during October 2004

Tropical cyclones pose a major threat to coastal life and property. Numerical prediction of tropical cyclones has improved enormously over the past few decades. However, since most of their life cycles reside over the data sparse oceanic regions, the advancements in the tropical cyclone initialization are rather slow and accurate prediction of their tracks and intensity changes has remained a challenging task for the forecasting community (Leslie and Holland 1995; Elsberry 1995). Tropical cyclone/typhoon initialization commonly employs a vortex bogussing technique to insert a more realistic typhoon structure into the reanalysis. Following gradient-wind relations, the bogus vortices are specified by the maximum tangential wind speeds, the radial distance at which the maximum winds occur, and a shape factor based on the size of the vortex (Holland 1980; Kurihara et al. 1993; Chan and Williams 1987; Fiorino and Elsberry 1989). An ad hoc balancing procedure is applied using geostrophic relations, non-linear balance methods, etc. to construct the kinematic and thermodynamic structure of the typhoons. Although various bogus methods are employed in the numerical weather prediction (NWP) of typhoons, the understanding is that they do not always lead to efficient track predictions (Wang 1998). The challenges in tropical cyclone predictions are not only from the vortex initialization, but also from accurate representation of the largescale analyses in which it is embedded, and deficiencies in the physical parameterizations used in the NWP models, and model parameters such as the grid resolution to resolve the convective motions in typhoons. In this study, we assess the impact of vortex initialization bogussed into the global National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis fields on the accuracy of typhoon tracks.
CMap 1.01: a comparative mapping application for the Internet

Summary:CMap is a web-based tool for displaying and comparing maps of any type and from any species. A user can compare an unlimited number of maps, view pair-wise comparisons of known correspondences, and search for maps or for features by name, species, type and accession. CMap is freely available, can run on a variety of database engines and uses only free and open software components. Availability: http://www.gmod. org/cmap Contact: kclark@cshl.edu
Analysis of Influencing Factors on Pore Structure of Gaotaizi Reservoir in QIJIA

The Qijia area is located in the Qijia-Gulong sag of Daqing Placanticline. The Gaotaizi oil reservoir is a compact muddy siltstone assemblage with four oil groups. The third and fourth high-formation groups are the main force Generating layer of the Qingshankou formation. The Gaotaizi oil layer is buried deep, and these layers are subject to strong diagenetic transformation. Based on the study of reservoir microstructural characteristics, the main control factors of reservoir pore structure are sedimentary, diagenesis and waterflooding development using core data, microscopic images and logging data. The controlling effect of different sedimentary microfacies on pore structure was studied through studying the characteristics of sedimentary microfacies type in the study area. The controlling effect of diagenesis on pore structure was studied through the diagenetic evolution characteristics.The controlling effect of waterflooding on pore structure was studied by observing microcosmic characteristics of reservoirs with different washing degree.
A query language for list-based complex objects

We present a language for querying list-based complex objects. The language is shown to express precisely the polynomial-time generic list-object functions. The iteration mechanism of the language is based on a new approach wherein, in addition to the list over which the iteration is performed, a second list is used to control the number of iteration steps. During the iteration, the intermediate results can be moved to the output list as well as reinserted into the list being iterated over. A simple syntactic constraint allows the growth rate of the intermediate results to be tightly controlled which, in turn, restricts the expressiveness of the language to PTIME.
Optimal Transmission Policies for Relay Communication Networks With Ambient Energy Harvesting Relays

Ambient energy harvesting has emerged as a promising technique to improve the energy efficiency and reduce the total greenhouse gas emissions for green wireless communications. Energy management for throughput maximization under random energy arrivals has been studied extensively in energy harvesting relay communication networks with either finite-size data buffer or finite-size energy storage. However, the problem is still open when the energy harvesting relay node is subject to both finite-size data and energy storage. In this paper, we study the transmission policy of joint time scheduling and power allocation under a transmission deadline, which maximizes the end-to-end system throughput in a two-hop relay communication network where the energy harvesting relay node is equipped with finite-size data buffer and battery. In particular, we first formulate the throughput maximization problem as a convex optimization problem under an offline optimization framework, and obtain the optimal offline time scheduling and power allocation by the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions based on the full knowledge of energy arrivals and channel states. Then, we formulate the throughput maximization problem as a stochastic dynamic programming problem under the online optimization framework, and obtain the optimal online time scheduling and power allocation by solving a series of convex optimizations based on the casual knowledge of energy arrivals and channel states. Finally, to reduce the computation complexity, we further propose two suboptimal online transmission policies. Numerical results show the impacts of battery capacity and buffer size on the maximum throughput of the proposed policies, as well as the balance between the spectrum efficiency and the delay sensitivity.
A comparative study on low power adders using microwind EDA tool

From the past few years a variety of low power adders have been proposed to reduce the overall power consumption of micro-electronic systems. The role of adders are important in almost all fields of engineering and applied sciences. With the help of low power adders, all the other systems which make use of adders may dissipate less power. This study presents a detailed comparison between various low power 1-bit full adders. This study focuses mainly on the comparisons among conventional Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) adder, bridge style adder, transmission gate adder, square root based adder and static energy recovery full adder, etc. All the simulation results are done using Digital Schematic (DSCH) editor and the functionality is verified using the Microwind layout editor tool. The sole objective of this study to conclude with a better estimate and ease in selecting a low power adder for the required application.
Ionotropic receptors at hippocampal mossy fibers: roles in axonal excitability, synaptic transmission, and plasticity

Dentate granule cells process information from the enthorinal cortex en route to the hippocampus proper. These neurons have a very negative resting membrane potential and are relatively silent in the slice preparation. They are also subject to strong feed-forward inhibition. Their unmyelinated axon or mossy fiber ramifies extensively in the hilus and projects to stratum lucidum where it makes giant en-passant boutons with CA3 pyramidal neurons. There is compelling evidence that mossy fiber boutons express presynaptic GABAA receptors, which are commonly found in granule cell dendrites. There is also suggestive evidence for the presence of other ionotropic receptors, including glycine, NMDA, and kainate receptors, in mossy fiber boutons. These presynaptic receptors have been proposed to lead to mossy fiber membrane depolarization. How this phenomenon alters the excitability of synaptic boutons, the shape of presynaptic action potentials, Ca2+ influx and neurotransmitter release has remained elusive, but high-resolution live imaging of individual varicosities and direct patch-clamp recordings have begun to shed light on these phenomena. Presynaptic GABAA and kainate receptors have also been reported to facilitate the induction of long-term potentiation at mossy fiber—CA3 synapses. Although mossy fibers are highly specialized, some of the principles emerging at this connection may apply elsewhere in the CNS.