Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning Global Quantum Properties from Local Measurements with Neural Networks

Characterizing the properties of multiparticle quantum systems is a crucial task for quantum computing and many-body quantum physics. The task, however, becomes extremely challenging when the system size becomes large and when the properties of interest involve global measurements on a large number of sites. Here we develop a multi-task neural network model that can accurately predict global properties of many-body quantum systems, like string order parameters and many-body topological invariants, using only limited measurement data gathered from few neighbouring sites. The model can simultaneously predict multiple quantum properties, including not only expectation values of quantum observables, but also general nonlinear functions of the quantum state, such as entanglement entropies. Remarkably, we find that multi-task training over a given set of quantum properties enables our model to discover new properties outside the original set. Without any labeled data, the model can perform unsupervised classification of quantum phases of matter and uncover unknown boundaries between different phases.
Design and Detection of Unitary Constellations in Non-Coherent SIMO Systems for Short Packet Communications

This paper proposes a novel design of multi-symbol unitary constellation for non-coherent single-input multiple-output (SIMO) communications over block Rayleigh fading channels. To facilitate the design and the detection of large unitary constellations at reduced complexity, the proposed constellations are constructed as the Cartesian product of independent amplitude and phase-shift-keying (PSK) vectors, and hence, can be iteratively detected. The amplitude vector is detected by exhaustive search, whose complexity is sufficiently low in short packet transmission scenarios. To detect the PSK vector, we use the posterior probability as a reliability criterion in the sorted decision-feedback differential detection (sort-DFDD), which results in near-optimal error performance for PSK symbols with equal modulation orders. This detector is called posteriori-based-reliability-sort-DFDD (PR-sort-DFDD) and has polynomial complexity. We also propose an improved detector called improved-PR-sort-DFDD to detect a more generalized PSK structure, i.e., PSK symbols with unequal modulation orders. This detector also approaches the optimal error performance with polynomial complexity. Simulation results show the merits of our proposed multi-symbol unitary constellation when compared to competing low-complexity unitary constellations.
3DoF Localization from a Single Image and an Object Map: the Flatlandia Problem and Dataset

Efficient visual localization is crucial to many applications, such as large-scale deployment of autonomous agents and augmented reality. Traditional visual localization, while achieving remarkable accuracy, relies on extensive 3D models of the scene or large collections of geolocalized images, which are often inefficient to store and to scale to novel environments. In contrast, humans orient themselves using very abstract 2D maps, using the location of clearly identifiable landmarks. Drawing on this and on the success of recent works that explored localization on 2D abstract maps, we propose Flatlandia, a novel visual localization challenge. With Flatlandia, we investigate whether it is possible to localize a visual query by comparing the layout of its common objects detected against the known spatial layout of objects in the map. We formalize the challenge as two tasks at different levels of accuracy to investigate the problem and its possible limitations; for each, we propose initial baseline models and compare them against state-of-the-art 6DoF and 3DoF methods. Code and dataset are publicly available at github.com/IIT-PAVIS/Flatlandia.
Type of the Paper (Article

The 2 × 2 3-db couplers are one of the most widely used and important components in silicon photonics. We propose an ultra-broadband and compact 2 × 2 3-dB adiabatic coupler defined by b-splines and optimized with an efficient supermode-injected adjoint shape optimization. By combining both the mode adiabatic evolution and mode coupling at two different wavelength ranges, we achieve an ultrabroad bandwidth of 530 nm from 1150nm to1680nm with a power imbalance under 0.76db and a low loss in a compact coupling length of 30 μm according to our simulation results. The supermode-injected adjoint shape optimization can also be applied to the design of other photonic devices based on supermode manipulation.
When $\mathbb{Z}_2$ one-form symmetry leads to non-invertible axial symmetries

We study non-abelian gauge theories with fermions in a representation such that the surviving electric 1-form symmetry is $\mathbb{Z}_2$. This includes $SU(N)$ gauge theories with matter in the (anti)symmetric and $N$ even, and $USp(2N)$ with a Weyl fermion in the adjoint, i.e. ${\cal N}=1$ SYM. We study the mixed 't Hooft anomaly between the discrete axial symmetry and the 1-form symmetry and show that when it is non-trivial, it leads to non-invertible symmetries upon gauging the $\mathbb{Z}_2$. The TQFT dressing the non-invertible symmetry defects is universal to all the cases we study, namely it is always a $U(1)_2$ CS theory coupled to the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ 2-form gauge field. We uncover a pattern where the presence or not of non-invertible defects depends on the rank of the gauge group.
The position of the Mek languages of Irian Jaya among the Papuan languages; History, typology, and speech

Introduction This article sets out to evaluate the unity and diversity of the Papuan languages from different points of view. I will tackle this general task by giving an account specifically of what differentiates the Mek languages from, and subsequently what relates them to, the other Papuan languages. Until approximately forty years ago, the Papuan languages had 'been thought to be mostly not related to each other . The term "Papuan languages" or "non-Austronesian languages" was, in consequence, only employed as a negative classificatory term describing languages referred to by that name, as distinct from Austronesian . languages, without presuming the existence of any genetic link between them' (Wurm 1982:3). Over the past four decades an impressive number of descriptive works on these languages, including complete grammars, written mostly by members of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, have been published. Thanks to language surveys conducted by that institution, and, above all, thanks to the work of scholars like Anceaux, Cowan, Wurm, Laycock, Voorhoeve, Dutton2, and others, our insight into the classification of the
Validation and application of WOFOST model for yield gap analysis in selected soils of Maharashtra.

The average productivity of cotton, sorghum and soybean in Maharashtra is considerably lower than their potential. There is also a large temporal and spatial variability in their productivity due to the spatial distribution of soils and its interaction with the rainfall pattern. WOFOST model-version 7.1 was validated and used for quantification of yield gaps under different rainfall patterns for cotton, sorghum and soybean on five soil series of Maharashtra. The validation results indicate that the model performed well with RMSE less than 20% and simulated the yields with Model efficiency (ME) values 0_73, 0.88 and 0.89 for cotton, sorghum and soybean, respectively. Between soil series. the variability in the mean simulated yield among years experiencing normal rainfall was higher for cotton (CV :;:: 53.9%) than for sorghum (CV = 27.6%) or soybean (CY = 20.1%) as soil parameters significantly affected the cotton yields. There was significant correlation between simulated yield with soil depth (r = 0.91) and extractable soil moisture (r = 0.96) for cotton; but not for sorghum and soybean. It is concluded that the WOFOST model could capture the effects of spatial distribution of soil and rainfall pattern on the yields of cotton. sorghum and soybean and can compliment other techniques in suggesting alternative crop options for aberrant rainfall situations.
Response of a late Miocene Mediterranean reef platform to high-frequency eustasy

The upper Miocene reef complex of Mallorca, a third-order depositional sequence, shows how carbonate deposition responds to high-frequency sea-level cycles. This reef complex displays a fractal architecture of hierarchically stacked high-frequency units from fourth to seventh order. The building blocks are sigmoidal units bounded by unconformities, not parasequences. These "sigmodds" are stacked in "sets of sigmoids," the sets are stacked in "cosets," and these, in turn, are stacked in "sets of cosets. " All these accretionary units have characteristics of depositional sequences but differ from the model developed by Exxon and from other carbonate sequence-stratigraphy models. These departures result from changes in carbonate production in relation to sea-level fluctuations, which determined the changes in accommodation in the absence of significant subsidence. All these high-frequency sequences are composed of four systems tracts: (1) a lowstand systems tract formed during the early rise of a sea-level cycle and composed of progradational reef to open-shelf facies thinning toward the basin, (2) an aggrading systems tract formed during sea-level rise and composed of thick lagoon to open-shelf deposits without landward shift of facies, (3) a highstand systems tract formed during the high part of a sea-level cycle and composed of progradational reef to open-shelf facies thinning toward the basin with lagoon beds thin or absent, and (4) an offlapping systems tract formed during sea-level fall and composed of thin downlapping reef facies passing into a condensed open-shelf section, which correlates with an erosion surface on the platform top. Two bounding surfaces can be recognized by lithofacies changes between these systems tracts: the erosion surface on top of the offlapping systems tract and the downlap surface at its base. Both surfaces merge basinward into a condensed section. The sequence boundary, which corresponds to the lowest point of the sea-level cycle, is the erosion surface landward and within the correlative condensed section basinward.
Double-staining immunohistochemistry of canine mammary neoplasms

Recebido em 20 de setembro de 2004 Aceito em 23 de fevereiro de 2006 *Autor para correspondência (corresponding author) E-mail: cassalig@icb.ufmg. br Studies have proven that immunomicroscopy is a valuable technique in research (Hsu et al., 1981) and diagnostic histopathology and cytology for the identification and classification of tumor cells using of a wide variety of markers (Flens et al., 1990; Taylor and Shi, 1994).
Energy pathways and structures of oceanic eddies from the ECCO2 state estimate and simplified models

Studying oceanic eddies is important for understanding and predicting ocean circulation and climate variability. The central focus of this dissertation is the energy exchange between eddies and mean flow and banded structures in the low-frequency component of the eddy field. A combination of a realistic eddy-permitting ocean state estimate and simplified theoretical models is used to address the following specific questions. (1) What are the major spatial characteristics of eddy-mean flow interaction from an energy perspective? Is eddy-mean flow interaction a local process in most ocean regions? (2) The banded structures in the low-frequency eddy field are termed striations. How much oceanic variability is associated with striations? How does the time-mean circulation, for example a subtropical gyre or constant mean flow, influence the origin and characteristics of striations? How much do striations contribute to the energy budget and tracer mixing? Thesis Supervisor: Carl Wunsch Title: Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Physical Oceanography Thesis Supervisor: Glenn Flierl Title: Professor of Oceanography
Projection of PM2.5 and Ozone Concentration Changes over the Jing-Jin-Ji Region in China

Abstract Based on GISS-E2-R model simulations, the changes in PM2.5 and ozone concentrations during 2016–35 are analyzed over the Jing-Jin-Ji region under different future emissions scenarios: 2.6, 4.5, 6.0, 8.5 Representative Concentration Pathways scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5), compared to the baseline periods of 1851–70 (pre-industrial) and 1986–2005 (present day). The results show that PM2.5 increases under all emissions scenarios, with the maximum value occurring in the southeastern part of the region under most scenarios. As for ozone, its concentration is projected to increase during 2016–35 under all emissions scenarios, compared to the baseline periods. The temporal evolutions of PM2.5 and ozone show PM2.5 reaching a peak during 2020–40, while ozone will likely increase steadily in the future.
Persistent monsoonal forcing of Mediterranean Outflow Water dynamics during the late Pleistocene

The mode and vigor of the global oceanic circulation critically depend on the salinity of (sub)surface water masses advected to the loci of deep-water formation. Within the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), an important supplier of high-salinity waters is the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW), discharging into the North Atlantic via the Strait of Gibraltar. Despite its importance for the North Atlantic salinity budget, the long-term dynamics of MOW production have remained poorly understood. Here we present high-resolution records of bottom-current velocity from three drill sites within the Gulf of Cadiz that document a persistent low-latitude forcing of MOW flow speed over the past ∼150 k.y. We demonstrate that the African monsoon is the predominant driver of orbital-scale MOW variability via its influence on the freshwater budget of the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Consequently, MOW formation fluctuates in concert with orbital precession overprinted by centennial-scale oscillations of high-latitude origin. We further document that Northern Hemisphere summer insolation minima stimulate maximal injection of MOW-derived salt into the North Atlantic, likely strengthening the intermediate AMOC branch. The direct coupling of MOW dynamics to low-latitude climate forcing represents a hitherto neglected process for propagating (sub)tropical climate signals into the high northern latitudes.
Physical Activity Patterns in Mexican School-Aged Children

Physical Activity Patterns in Mexican School-Aged Children Frania Pfeffer1, Marcela Perez-Rodriguez1, Guillermo Meléndez1, Elí Gámez1, Alvar Loria2, Claudia I Hernández1, Norma A Vega1, Daniela J Barrera1, Gerardo García3, M. Elizabeth Tejero4, and Jeanette Pardío1* 1Fundación Mexicana para la Salud, México 2Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México 3Universidad Iberoamericana, México 4Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, México
Turbulence Measurements in the Surf Zone

Abstract Velocity measurements within 1 m of the bottom in approximately 4.5-m water depth on a sand beach provide estimates of turbulent Reynolds shear stress, using a dual-sensor technique that removes contamination by surface waves, and inertial-range estimates of dissipation. When combined with wave measurements along a cross-shore transect and nearby wind measurements, the dataset provides direct estimates of the terms in simplified equations for alongshore momentum and turbulence energetics and permits examination of semiempirical relationships between bottom stress and near-bottom velocity. The records are dominated by three events when the measurement site was in the outer part of the surf zone. Near-bottom turbulent shear stress is well correlated with (squared correlation coefficient r2 = 0.63), but smaller than (regression coefficient b = 0.51 ± 0.03 at 95% confidence), wind stress minus cross-shore gradient of wave-induced radiation stress, indicating that estimates of one or more of these ter.
- Bogotá-Colombia-Bogotá-Colombia-Bogotá-Colombia-Bogotá-Colombia-Bogotá-Colombia-Bogotá-Colombia-Bogotá-Colombia-Bogotá-Colombia-B Assessing the Effect of Payroll Taxes on Formal Employment: The Case of the 2012 Tax Reform in Colombia

En el año 2013 Colombia implementó una reforma tributaria que, entre otros cambios, redujo en 13.5 puntos porcentuales los impuestos a la nómina que las firmas son responsables de pagar. En este trabajo se realiza una evaluación de impacto de este componente particular de la reforma sobre empleo formal y salarios promedio pagados por las firmas. Para este fin se construye un panel de firmas formales usando datos administrativos de la planilla integrada de liquidación de aportes. Con el fin de controlar por posibles problemas de endogeneidad de la variable de tratamiento se usa una técnica de variables instrumentales que explota la variación exógena de decisiones de firmas que son similares entre sí en varias dimensiones, pero pertenecen a diferentes sectores económicos. Con base en la especificación preferida en el trabajo se concluye que, como resultado de la reforma se generaron en el corto plazo 213 mil nuevos trabajos formales en firmas que existían previamente a la reforma. En el largo plazo este efecto en empleo formal se incrementará a casi 600 mil nuevos empleos formales. El efecto de la reforma en el salario medio pagado por las firmas se estima positivo para algunos tamaños de firmas, sin embargo este efecto en el corto plazo es de una magnitud reducida.
Reclamation activities at the Nickel Plate Mine tailings facility

The Nickel Plate Mine is a former gold producing operation owned and operated by Homestake Canada Inc. Since the cessation of tailings deposition in October 1996, the tailings facility has become a focus of the reclamation activities at the Mine. The reclamation of the Facility was initiated in May 1998 with the start of the tailings cover system construction. Reclamation activities at the tailings facility since closure include the following: a tailings cover system designed to ensure long-term management of surface water runoff using materials that would support vegetation; a lined containment facility constructed to store high density sludge produced by the water treatment process; and a design for post closure surface water management comprising a sediment control pond and emergency spillway. This paper presents an overview of these reclamation activities and the progress of construction to date. In addition, instrumentation and monitoring data has been used to evaluate the post closure stability of the tailings facility and to demonstrate that its overall stability has improved with the removal of the supernatant pond and construction of the tailings cover.
TIME SERIES ANALYSIS OF HYDROLOGIC DATA FOR WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT: A REVIEW

The main intent of this paper is to present a review on the application of time series analysis techniques in hydrology and climatology. An overview of various statistical tests for detecting and estimating the hydrologic time series characteristics (i.e., homogeneity, stationarity, trend, periodicity, and persistence) is presented, together with their merits and demerits followed by comprehensive reviews of past studies (both basic and applied), and future research directions. The present review revealed that the climatologic time series of precipitation, air temperature, evapotranspiration and climatic change, and the hydrologic time series of streamflow and surface water quality have received a great deal of attention worldwide. Although the application areas of time series analysis techniques are expanding with growing concerns about climate change and global warming, their application is still very limited in groundwater hydrology as well as for non-traditional hydrologic time series. It is also apparent from this review that the detection of trend and stationarity by parametric and/or nonparametric tests has been a major focus in the past. Multiple comparison tests lack appreciation by the researchers for testing homogeneity in the hydrologic and climatologic time series. Furthermore, most studies have ignored the importance of testing periodicity and persistence in the time series, which are equally important properties of hydrologic and climatologic time series. Based on the comprehensive review, future research needs for time series studies in hydrology and climatology are discussed.
Isothermal Modelling of the Adsorption of Cadmium onto Activated Carbon from Tridax procumbens

There is currently no feasible method of recycling Cd compounds, despite the fact that Cd production, consumption, and environmental release have all skyrocketed in recent decades. This raises serious concerns about the potential dangers of Cd compounds to human health. This highlights the pressing need for cadmium pollution cleanup. Biosorption is one of several viable technologies with several advantages, including low operating costs, very efficient detoxification of toxicants at low concentrations, and a low amount of disposal materials. The biosorption of cadmium onto activated carbon from Tridax procumbens is remodeled using nonlinear regression and the optimal mode was determined by a series of error function assessments. The Freundlich model performed best in statistical tests including root-mean-square error (RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination (adjR2), bias factor (BF), accuracy factor (AF), and corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc). This is in contrast to the published work using a linearized form where the Langmuir model best represents the biosorption. The calculated Freundlich parameters kF value using nonlinear regression was 1.501 (1/g) (95% confidence interval from 1.223 to 1.778) and nF value of 4.943 (95% C.I. from 3.492 to 6.393). Confidence intervals for the uncertainty range can be calculated using nonlinear modeling and then used for model comparison and discriminant analysis.