Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diabetes-associated breast cancer is molecularly distinct and shows a DNA damage repair deficiency

Diabetes commonly affects patients with cancer. We investigated the influence of diabetes on breast cancer biology using a 3-pronged approach that included analysis of orthotopic human tumor xenografts, patient tumors, and breast cancer cells exposed to diabetes/hyperglycemia-like conditions. We aimed to identify shared phenotypes and molecular signatures by investigating the metabolome, transcriptome, and tumor mutational burden. Diabetes and hyperglycemia did not enhance cell proliferation but induced mesenchymal and stem cell–like phenotypes linked to increased mobility and odds of metastasis. They also promoted oxyradical formation and both a transcriptome and mutational signatures of DNA repair deficiency. Moreover, food- and microbiome-derived metabolites tended to accumulate in breast tumors in the presence of diabetes, potentially affecting tumor biology. Breast cancer cells cultured under hyperglycemia-like conditions acquired increased DNA damage and sensitivity to DNA repair inhibitors. Based on these observations, we conclude that diabetes-associated breast tumors may show an increased drug response to DNA damage repair inhibitors.
A novel perfusion bioreactor promotes the expansion of pluripotent stem cells in a 3D-bioprinted tissue chamber

While the field of tissue engineering has progressed rapidly with the advent of 3D bioprinting and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), impact is limited by a lack of functional, thick tissues. One way around this limitation is to 3D bioprint tissues laden with hiPSCs. In this way, the iPSCs can proliferate to populate the thick tissue mass prior to parenchymal cell specification. Here we design a perfusion bioreactor for an hiPSC-laden, 3D-bioprinted chamber with the goal of proliferating the hiPSCs throughout the structure prior to differentiation to generate a thick tissue model. The bioreactor, fabricated with digital light projection, was optimized to perfuse the interior of the hydrogel chamber without leaks and to provide fluid flow around the exterior as well, maximizing nutrient delivery throughout the chamber wall. After 7 days of culture, we found that intermittent perfusion (15 s every 15 min) at 3 ml min−1 provides a 1.9-fold increase in the density of stem cell colonies in the engineered tissue relative to analogous chambers cultured under static conditions. We also observed a more uniform distribution of colonies within the tissue wall of perfused structures relative to static controls, reflecting a homogeneous distribution of nutrients from the culture media. hiPSCs remained pluripotent and proliferative with application of fluid flow, which generated wall shear stresses averaging ∼1.0 dyn cm−2. Overall, these promising outcomes following perfusion of a stem cell-laden hydrogel support the production of multiple tissue types with improved thickness, and therefore increased function and utility.
Gaze-Based Shared Autonomy Framework With Real-Time Action Primitive Recognition for Robot Manipulators

Robots capable of robust, real-time recognition of human intent during manipulation tasks could be used to enhance human-robot collaboration for activities of daily living. Eye gaze-based control interfaces offer a non-invasive way to infer intent and reduce the cognitive burden on operators of complex robots. Eye gaze is traditionally used for “gaze triggering” (GT) in which staring at an object, or sequence of objects, triggers pre-programmed robotic movements. We propose an alternative approach: a neural network-based “action prediction” (AP) mode that extracts gaze-related features to recognize, and often predict, an operator’s intended action primitives. We integrated the AP mode into a shared autonomy framework capable of 3D gaze reconstruction, real-time intent inference, object localization, obstacle avoidance, and dynamic trajectory planning. Using this framework, we conducted a user study to directly compare the performance of the GT and AP modes using traditional subjective performance metrics, such as Likert scales, as well as novel objective performance metrics, such as the delay of recognition. Statistical analyses suggested that the AP mode resulted in more seamless robotic movement than the state-of-the-art GT mode, and that participants generally preferred the AP mode.
Comparing Cannabis Use for Pain to Use for Other Reasons in Primary Care Patients

Background: Medical cannabis is commonly used for chronic pain, but little is known about differences in characteristics, cannabis use patterns, and perceived helpfulness among primary care patients who use cannabis for pain versus nonpain reasons. Methods: Among 1688 patients who completed a 2019 cannabis survey administered in a health system in Washington state, where recreational use is legal, participants who used cannabis for pain (n = 375) were compared with those who used cannabis for other reasons (n = 558) using survey and electronic health record data. We described group differences in participant characteristics, use patterns, and perceptions and applied adjusted multinomial logistic and modified Poisson regression. Results: Participants who used cannabis for pain were significantly more likely to report using applied (50.7% vs 10.6%) and beverage cannabis products (19.2% vs 11.6%), more frequent use (47.1% vs 33.1% for use ≥2 times per day; 81.6% vs 69.7% for use 4 to 7 days per week), and smoking tobacco cigarettes (19.2% vs 12.2%) than those who used cannabis for other reasons. They were also significantly more likely to perceive cannabis as very/extremely helpful (80.5% vs 72.7%), and significantly less likely to use cannabis for nonmedical reasons (4.8% vs 58.8%) or report cannabis use disorder symptoms (51.7% vs 61.1%). Discussion: Primary care patients who use cannabis for pain use it more frequently, often in applied and ingested forms, and have more co-use of tobacco, which may differentially impact safety and effectiveness. These findings suggest the need for different approaches to counseling in clinical care.
MYCRUNCHGPT: A LLM ASSISTED FRAMEWORK FOR SCIENTIFIC MACHINE LEARNING

Scientiﬁc machine learning (SciML) has advanced recently across many different areas in computational science and engineering. The objective is to integrate data and physics seamlessly without the need of employing elaborate and computationally taxing data assimilation schemes. However, preprocessing, problem formulation, code generation, postprocessing, and analysis are still time-consuming and may prevent SciML from wide applicability in industrial applications and in digital twin frameworks. Here, we integrate the various stages of SciML under the umbrella of ChatGPT, to formulate MyCrunchGPT, which plays the role of a conductor orchestrating the entire workﬂow of SciML based on simple prompts by the user. Speciﬁcally, we present two examples that demonstrate the potential use of MyCrunchGPT in optimizing airfoils in aerodynamics, and in obtaining ﬂow ﬁelds in various geometries in interactive mode, with emphasis on the validation stage. To demonstrate the ﬂow of the MyCrunchGPT, and create an infrastructure that can facilitate a broader vision, we built a web app based guided user interface, that includes options for a comprehensive summary report. The overall objective is to extend MyCrunchGPT to handle diverse problems in computational mechanics, design, optimization and controls, and general scientiﬁc computing tasks involved in SciML, hence using it as a research assistant tool but also as an educational tool. While here the examples focus on ﬂuid mechanics, future versions will target solid mechanics and materials science, geophysics, systems biology, and bioinformatics.
An appraisal of the impact of membership characteristics on the pursuit of cooperative governance : a case study of wine cooperatives in the Western Cape

iii Opsomming v Acknowledgements vii List of tables xiii List of figures xiii Acronyms xiv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Statement of the problem 5 1.3 Objectives of the study 6 1.4 Research questions 6 1.4. 1 Sub questions 6 1.5 Hypothesis 7 1.5. 1 General hypothesis 7 1.5. 2 Specific hypothesis 7 1.6 Research design and methodological frameworks 8 1.7 Motivation 9 1.8 Chapter outline 10 CHAPTER 2: PERSPECTIVES ON THE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE COOPERATIVE SECTOR 11 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 Issues shaping the policy environment of cooperatives in South Africa 11 2.2.1 History of cooperative legislation in South Africa 11 2.2.2 Scope of cooperative policy in South Africa 15 2.2. 3 The design of cooperative legislation 17 University of Stellenbosch: http://scholar.sun.ac.za
NAG Fortran Library Routine Document C06LAF

for j 1⁄4 1; 2; . ; n, by choosing a such that a prescribed relative error should be achieved. The method is modified slightly if t 1⁄4 0:0 so that an estimate of fð0:0Þ can be obtained when it has a finite value. is calculated as tfac maxð0:01; tjÞ, where tfac > 0:5. The user specifies tfac and b, an upper bound on the exponential order of the inverse function fðtÞ. has two alternative interpretations:
Multiple light signaling pathways control solar tracking in sunflowers

Sunflowers are famous for their ability to track the sun throughout the day and then reorient at night to face east the following morning. This occurs by differential growth patterns, with the east sides of stems growing more during the day and the west sides of stems growing more at night. This process, termed heliotropism, is generally believed to be a specialized form of phototropism; however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. To better understand heliotropism, we compared gene expression patterns in plants undergoing phototropism in a controlled environment and in plants initiating and maintaining heliotropic growth in the field. We found the expected transcriptome signatures of phototropin-mediated phototropism in sunflower stems bending towards monochromatic blue light. Surprisingly, the expression patterns of these phototropism-regulated genes are quite different in heliotropic plants. Most genes rapidly induced during phototropism display only minor differences in expression across solar tracking stems. However, some genes that are both rapidly induced during phototropism and are implicated in growth responses to foliar shade are rapidly induced on the west sides of stems at the onset of heliotropism, suggesting a possible role for red light photoreceptors in solar tracking. To test the involvement of different photoreceptor signaling pathways in heliotropism, we modulated the light environment of plants initiating solar tracking. We found that depletion of either red and far-red light or blue light did not hinder the initiation or maintenance of heliotropism in the field. Together, our results suggest that the transcriptional regulation of heliotropism is distinct from phototropin-mediated phototropism and likely involves inputs from multiple light signaling pathways.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Checking Contact Tracing App Implementations

: In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, contact tracing apps have been developed based on digital contact tracing frameworks. These allow developers to build privacy-conscious apps that detect whether an infected individual is in close-proximity with others. Given the urgency of the problem, these apps have been developed at an accelerated rate with a brief testing period. Such quick development may have led to mistakes in the apps’ implementations, resulting in problems with their functionality, privacy and security. To mitigate these concerns, we develop and apply a methodology for evaluating the functionality, privacy and security of Android apps using the Google/Apple Exposure Notiﬁcation API. This is a three-pronged approach consisting of a manual analysis, general static analysis and a bespoke static analysis, using a tool we’ve developed, dubbed MonSTER. As a result, we have found that, although most apps met the basic standards outlined by Google/Apple, there are issues with the functionality of some of these apps that could impact user safety.
Mapping Habitat and Deforestation in WWF Elephant Priority Landscapes

Habitat loss and the resulting human-elephant conflict (HEC) are threatening the survival of wild Asian elephant populations (Sukumar 1989, 2003; Fernando et al. 2005, Fernando & Leimgruber 2011). The geographic range of the Asian elephant has declined as much as 75% over the last century (Fernando & Leimgruber 2011). The two major causes for the loss of Asian elephant habitat are: a) expansion of subsistence agriculture and b) broad-scale conversion of elephant habitats into industrial plantations and agriculture such as sugar cane, rubber, and oil palm (Flint 1994; Leimgruber et al. 2003; Sodhi et al. 2004; Koh & Wilcove 2008; Uryu et al. 2008). Habitat loss patterns vary significantly across the 13 Asian elephant range countries and habitat losses can be catastrophic both locally and regionally (Santiapillai & Jackson 1990; Leimgruber et al. 2003; Fernando & Leimgruber 2011). Yet, baseline data against which to evaluate habitat loss has not been compiled for most of this geographic range and little information on elephant habitat, land cover and habitat loss is available for systematic assessments, monitoring, and conservation planning.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE, LARGE-SCALE ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION, AND CONVECTION OVER THE TROPICAL INDIAN AND PACIFIC OCEANS

In this paper, the quantitative estimates of the effect of large-scale circulations on the sea surface temperature (SST)-tropical convection relationship and the effect of SST on the large-scale circulation-convection relationship over the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans are presented. Although convection tends to maximize at warm SSTs, increased deep convection is also determined by the divergence (DIV) associated with large-scale circulation. An analysis of the relationship between SST and deep convection shows that under subsidence and clear conditions, there is a decrease in convection or increase in Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) at a maximum rate of 3.4 Wm -2 °C -1 . In the SST range of 25°C to 29.5°C, a large increase in deep convection (decrease in OLR) occurs in the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans. The OLR reduction is found to be a strong function of the large-scale circulation in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans. Under a weak large-scale circulation, the rate of OLR reduction is about -3.5 Wm -2 °C -1 to -8.1 Wm -2 °C -1 . Under the influence of strong rising motions, the rate can increase to about -12.5 Wm -2 °C -1 for the same SST range. The overall relationship between large-scale circulation and deep convection is nearly linear. A maximum rate of OLR reduction with respect to DIV is -6.1 Wm -2 (10 -6 s -1 ) in the western Pacific Ocean. It is also found that the DIV-OLR relationship is less dependent on SST. For example, the rate of OLR reduction over the western Pacific Ocean for 26°C < SST £ 27°C is -4.2 Wm -2 (10 -6 s -1 ), while that for 28°C < SST £ 29°C is -5.1 Wm -2 (10 -6 s -1 ). These results are expected to have a great importance for climate feedback mechanisms associated with clouds and SST and for climate predictability.
Variation in sexual communication and its role in divergence of two host strains of the noctuid moth Spodoptera frugiperda

The main aim of my thesis was to investigate sexual communication differences between corn- and rice-strain individuals in order to assess whether strain-specific pheromonal communication acts as prezygotic mating barrier between the two S. frugiperda strains. Another aim was to distinguish strain-specific variation from geographic variation and to determine the genetic basis of female pheromone differences. Based on the strain-specific variation found in signal and response, the importance of sexual communication as a prezygotic isolation barrier is discussed and I propose how sexual communication differences may have evolved.
Benthic Classifications Using Bathymetric LIDAR Waveforms and Integration of Local Spatial Statistics and Textural Features

Abstract The scope of this research is to assess benthoscape discrimination by airborne light detection and ranging (LIDAR) bathymetry (ALB) on the basis of statistical parameters derived from the LIDAR waveforms, textural information, and local spatial statistics. Analysis of the underwater camera stations allowed clustering of the stations into groups on the basis of their habitat composition (β-diversity). Twelve descriptive statistics describing the shape of the bottom part of the waveform, also called 12 benthic parameters, were used for discriminating four benthic habitats. A K-means classification and a supervised method based on the Support Vector Machine (SVM) were applied to this dataset, and overall accuracies of 67.7% and 89.9% were obtained, respectively. Geostatistical analyses, using 11 textural measures, defined by the gray-level occurrence matrix (GLOM) and the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), and three local spatial statistics were then applied to the 12 benthic parameters to enhance the SVM classification performance. The assessment of the contribution of geostatistics into benthic class segmentation was achieved by computation of separability distance. Mean (from the GLOM), mean (from the GLCM) and the local Getis-Ord statistic yielded the best rates of discrimination. These added metrics, integrated with bands related to the 12 benthic parameters, showed that the rate of correct (supervised) classification was thereby improved and increased by 5.3%. Finally, the first four principal components (PCs) (i.e., 90.41% of the 12 parameter variances, boosted by the three best geostatistics) brought out an overall accuracy of 93.3%, showing evidence for optimizing the classification processing.
Geomagnetic paleointensity and directional secular variation at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 984 (Bjorn Drift) since 500 ka: Comparisons with ODP Site 983 (Gardar Drift)

Normalized remanence (relative geomagnetic paleointensity) records for the last 500 kyr can be matched between two Iceland Basin Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) sites (984 and 983) and correlated with other high-resolution records. Directional secular variation is, however, not easily correlated between sites due to inadequate recording, at these mean sedimentation rates (12-15 cm/kyr), of the characteristic high frequency variability of the directional record. Both sites record the Iceland Basin event at ∼186-189 ka in which the characteristic magnetization component rotates through 180° and back, coincident with a paleointensity low that lasted about 3 kyr. Other Brunhes Chron geomagnetic excursions appear to be manifest as intervals of higher-amplitude secular variation during lows in paleointensity. There is a tendency for paleointensity lows to correlate with peak interglacials in the oxygen isotope records; however, this does not translate into a correlation between paleointensity and percent carbonate or between paleointensity and magnetic concentration or grain size parameters.
The Sixth Australasian Workshop on Software and System Architectures ( AWSA 2005 )

The success in many businesses today depends on how easy the applications distributed in the Web are adapted and integrated. Considering this, the electronic commerce is far from being the limit, as a result the necessity of establishing some integrated and intelligent channels with suppliers and customers has become a number one priority. Since a lot of Web applications with their own solutions have come up in the market, it was detected the necessity of developing a Framework able to develop their integration through generic and adaptive form, without the need of rewriting their code or modifying their original structure. This article focuses on the creation of the GWIF, a generic and adaptable Framework for integration of Web applications.
Adaptation of the Scale of the Factors Affecting Argumentation Instruction into Turkish

: The aim of this study is to adapt the scale of the factors affecting argumentation instruction into Turkish. A total of 143 preservice science teachers studying in two different universities located in the east and west of Turkey participated in this study. In the process of adaptation firstly, structure, method and item biases were elimanated. After that the construct validity of the scale was determined by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the analysis confirmed that the 21-item scale had a three-factor-structure. Then, the cronbach's alpha value was measured for the whole scale and its sub-dimensions, and these values were found to be within satisfactory limits. It is thought that this study provides a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used in the process of determining the factors affecting the argumentation instruciton of teachers and preservice teachers. Thus, it can be stated that the data obtained with the adapted scale will contribute to the further use of argumentation in science classes.
The Labor Market Effects of Rising Health Insurance Premiums

We estimate the effect of rising health insurance premiums on wages, employment, and the distribution of part‐time and full‐time work using variation in medical malpractice payments driven by the recent “medical malpractice crisis. ” We estimate that a 10% increase in health insurance premiums reduces the aggregate probability of being employed by 1.2 percentage points, reduces hours worked by 2.4%, and increases the likelihood that a worker is employed only part time by 1.9 percentage points. For workers covered by employer provided health insurance, this increase in premiums results in an offsetting decrease in wages of 2.3%.
The Labor Market Impact of High-Skill Immigration

The rapid growth in the number of foreign students enrolled in American universities has transformed the higher education system, particularly at the graduate level. Many of these newly minted doctorates remain in the United States after receiving their doctoral degrees, so that the foreign student influx can have a significant impact in the labor market for high-skill workers. Using data drawn from the Survey of Earned Doctorates and the Survey of Doctoral Recipients, the study shows that a foreign student influx into a particular doctoral field at a particular time had a significant and adverse effect on the earnings of doctorates in that field who graduated at roughly the same time. A 10 percent immigration-induced increase in the supply of doctorates lowers the wage of competing workers by about 3 percent.