Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lipocalin-2 Deficiency Diminishes Canonical NLRP3 Inflammasome Formation and IL-1β Production in the Subacute Phase of Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in the production of proinflammatory cytokines due to inflammasome activation. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is a small secretory glycoprotein upregulated by toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in various cells and tissues. LCN2 secretion is induced by infection, injury, and metabolic disorders. In contrast, LCN2 has been implicated as an anti-inflammatory regulator. However, the role of LCN2 in inflammasome activation during SCI remains unknown. This study examined the role of Lcn2 deficiency in the NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent neuroinflammation in SCI. Lcn2−/− and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to SCI, and locomotor function, formation of the inflammasome complex, and neuroinflammation were assessed. Our findings demonstrated that significant activation of the HMGB1/PYCARD/caspase-1 inflammatory axis was accompanied by the overexpression of LCN2 7 days after SCI in WT mice. This signal transduction results in the cleaving of the pyroptosis-inducing protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) and the maturation of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Furthermore, Lcn2−/− mice showed considerable downregulation in the HMGB1/NLRP3/PYCARD/caspase-1 axis, IL-1β production, pore formation, and improved locomotor function compared with WT. Our data suggest that LCN2 may play a role as a putative molecule for the induction of inflammasome-related neuroinflammation in SCI.
TRPV3 Ion Channel: From Gene to Pharmacology

Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 3 (TRPV3) is an ion channel with a sensory function that is most abundantly expressed in keratinocytes and peripheral neurons. TRPV3 plays a role in Ca2+ homeostasis due to non-selective ionic conductivity and participates in signaling pathways associated with itch, dermatitis, hair growth, and skin regeneration. TRPV3 is a marker of pathological dysfunctions, and its expression is increased in conditions of injury and inflammation. There are also pathogenic mutant forms of the channel associated with genetic diseases. TRPV3 is considered as a potential therapeutic target of pain and itch, but there is a rather limited range of natural and synthetic ligands for this channel, most of which do not have high affinity and selectivity. In this review, we discuss the progress in the understanding of the evolution, structure, and pharmacology of TRPV3 in the context of the channel’s function in normal and pathological states.
Differences Due to Sex and Sweetener on the Bioavailability of (Poly)phenols in Urine Samples: A Machine Learning Approach

Metabolic diseases have been related to the overdrinking of high-sugar content beverages. As a result, the demand for alternative formulations based on plant-based ingredients with health-promoting properties has increased during the last few years. Nonetheless, the design and production of effective formulations requires understanding the bioavailability of these compounds. For this purpose, a two-month longitudinal trial with 140 volunteers was conducted to measure the beneficial effects of a maqui–citrus beverage, rich in (poly)phenols. From data obtained by quantifying metabolites present in urine samples, biostatistical and machine learning (data imputation, feature selection, and clustering) methods were applied to assess whether a volunteer’s sex and the sweetener added to the beverage (sucrose, sucralose, or stevia) affected the bioavailability of (poly)phenol metabolites. Several metabolites have been described as being differentially influenced: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and naringenin with its derivatives were positively influenced by stevia and men, while eriodictyol sulfate and homoeridictyol glucunoride concentrations were enhanced with stevia and women. By examining groups of volunteers created by clustering analysis, patterns in metabolites’ bioavailability distribution as a function of sex and/or sweeteners (or even due to an uncontrolled factor) were also discovered. These results underline the potential of stevia as a (poly)phenol bioavailability enhancer. Furthermore, they also evidence sex affects the bioavailability of (poly)phenols, pointing at a sex-dependent metabolic pathway regulation.
A Low-power DRAM Controller ASIC with a 36% Reduction in Average Active Power by Increasing On-die Termination Resistance

—A low-power DRAM controller ASIC is proposed for point-to-point interconnects such as deep learning applications. The termination resistance of the DRAM controller is increased to 160 Ω and infinity during the write and read modes, respectively, to reduce power consumption with no transmission errors. Short-reach interconnects of 25 mm DQ/DQS lines are used to avoid signal integrity issues. The proposed DRAM controller is implemented in a 65 nm process with an active area of 1.64 mm 2 , 16 DQ 8 Gb configuration, and a data rate of 800 Mbps per DQ pin. The DRAM interface using the proposed controller and a commercial DDR3 DRAM chip consumes 379 mW on average; this is 64% of the power with the default termination of the JEDEC standard. Derived equations for the TX and RX current of the DRAM interface reveals that the TX current of a clock signal is minimized when the time of flight of the PCB channel is integer multiples of the half period of the clock signal with large TX and RX terminations.
Study on the Mechanism of MC5R Participating in Energy Metabolism of Goose Liver

Nutrition and energy levels have an important impact on animal growth, production performance, disease occurrence and health recovery. Previous studies indicate that melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R) is mainly involved in the regulations of exocrine gland function, lipid metabolism and immune response in animals. However, it is not clear how MC5R participates in the nutrition and energy metabolism of animals. To address this, the widely used animal models, including the overfeeding model and the fasting/refeeding model, could provide an effective tool. In this study, the expression of MC5R in goose liver was first determined in these models. Goose primary hepatocytes were then treated with nutrition/energy metabolism-related factors (glucose, oleic acid and thyroxine), which is followed by determination of MC5R gene expression. Moreover, MC5R was overexpressed in goose primary hepatocytes, followed by identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways subjected to MC5R regulation by transcriptome analysis. At last, some of the genes potentially regulated by MC5R were also identified in the in vivo and in vitro models, and were used to predict possible regulatory networks with PPI (protein–protein interaction networks) program. The data showed that both overfeeding and refeeding inhibited the expression of MC5R in goose liver, while fasting induced the expression of MC5R. Glucose and oleic acid could induce the expression of MC5R in goose primary hepatocytes, whereas thyroxine could inhibit it. The overexpression of MC5R significantly affected the expression of 1381 genes, and the pathways enriched with the DEGs mainly include oxidative phosphorylation, focal adhesion, ECM–receptor interaction, glutathione metabolism and MAPK signaling pathway. Interestingly, some pathways are related to glycolipid metabolism, including oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate metabolism, citrate cycle, etc. Using the in vivo and in vitro models, it was demonstrated that the expression of some DEGs, including ACSL1, PSPH, HMGCS1, CPT1A, PACSIN2, IGFBP3, NMRK1, GYS2, ECI2, NDRG1, CDK9, FBXO25, SLC25A25, USP25 and AHCY, was associated with the expression of MC5R, suggesting these genes may mediate the biological role of MC5R in these models. In addition, PPI analysis suggests that the selected downstream genes, including GYS2, ECI2, PSPH, CPT1A, ACSL1, HMGCS1, USP25 and NDRG1, participate in the protein–protein interaction network regulated by MC5R. In conclusion, MC5R may mediate the biological effects caused by changes in nutrition and energy levels in goose hepatocytes through multiple pathways, including glycolipid-metabolism-related pathways.
Improved hyper-sphere Support Vector Machine

Hyper-sphere support vector machines are proposed for solving multi-class classification problem.How to correctly classify the intersections of hyper-spheres is important for sphere structure support vector machines.Based on the analysis of such data samples,this paper presents a new simple classification rule which leads to a better generalization accuracy than the existing sub-hyper-sphere SVMs.Experimental results show the method is feasible and improves the performance of the resulting minimum bounding sphere-based classifier.
Comparison of recovery profiles in target-controlled infusions (TCI) versus manually controlled infusions for total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) in laparoscopic surgeries. A randomized controlled trial

Background and Aims: Considerable importance has been attached to early recovery and discharge readiness after surgeries. Many centers use total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) as their anesthesia technique of choice. Target-controlled infusions (TCI) have been proposed as a method to precisely deliver continuous infusions of propofol and opioids as compared to the traditionally used manual-controlled infusion (MCI) methods. However, TCI has also been shown to result in the administration of larger doses of propofol which could cause delayed emergence and recovery from anesthesia. Studies involving TCI have focused mainly on its effects on anesthesia induction but not much literature is available on recovery profiles of patients on TCI. This study was designed to compare the effect of conventionally used MCI methods versus the target-controlled infusion (TCI) method of administering TIVA on recovery characteristics in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Material and Methods: This was a prospective randomized interventional study on 54 patients. Our primary objective was to compare the rates of recovery from anesthesia as judged by four parameters. Time to return of spontaneous ventilation, time to respond to verbal commands, time to extubation, and time to shift patient out of the operating room after stoppage of propofol infusion. As secondary objectives, intraoperative average bispectral index (BIS) values and total anesthetic drugs (propofol and fentanyl) consumption were also compared. Results: We noted that for laparoscopic surgeries lasting less than 4 hours, both MCI and TCI techniques of TIVA have comparable rates of recovery after the stoppage of propofol infusion. Total consumption of propofol and fentanyl was also similar; however, with the use of the TCI method of TIVA, better depth of anesthesia as evidenced by lower average BIS levels was noted. Conclusion: Recovery rates after TIVA using a target-controlled infusion (TCI) system are similar to BIS-guided MCIs in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery lasting less than 4 hours. TCI resulted in better depths of anesthesia though per kg/min consumption of propofol was found to be more.
Factors Influencing the Development of Human–Animal Relationships at SeaWorld Entertainment Parks

While the existence of human–animal relationships dates back thousands of years, the effects of these bonds on animal well-being have only recently been examined in detail. The existing literature demonstrates that factors such as familiar human caregivers and persistent, predictable care may, for example, lower an animal’s fear response and improve overall welfare. The goal of the present study was to analyse how a range of variables, including age, sex, animal species, and previous bonds with a pet could influence the development of human–animal bonds between caregivers and animals at six affiliated zoological facilities. The present study is a survey of 201 animal caregivers focusing on their perception of the bonds shared between themselves and an animal with which they work and any experience with bonds they have with a companion animal at home. All respondents, regardless of the existence of a human–animal bond, also indicated their level of agreement with a series of general statements about human–animal relationships and their effects on animal management and welfare. The present study demonstrates that the type of animal species has a significant effect on the development of bonds between animals and their human caregivers, with a greater percentage of bonds developed between people and other mammalian species, and the smaller percentage of bonds between people and fish or reptiles. Personal identifiers, such as age, sex, or the number of years in the profession, did not have any significant correlation to bond development. In addition, having pets was also not a predictor of caregiver–animal bonds, though previous experiences with animal bonds did indicate a tendency to develop a bond. Overall, surveyed caregivers agreed with positive statements about human–animal relationships and their role in promoting better welfare for animals. Understanding the bonds shared by animal caregivers and the animals for which they are responsible is essential to fostering workplaces that consider the importance of the relationship between humans and animals, and the tangible benefits a positively perceived bond can have for both.
Routing and Wavelength Assignment for Multiple Multicasts in Optical Network-on-Chip (ONoC)

Optical network-on-chip (ONoC) is an emerging chip-scale optical interconnection technology to realize high-performance and power-efficient intercore communication for many-core processors. Multicast communication is popularly used in parallel applications on chip. However, existing researches for multicast in ONoC mainly focus on the optimization of one multicast. This limits the practical applications of the research outcomes because we often face the dynamic formation of multiple multicast groups in real network systems. In this article, we define the problem of routing and wavelength assignment for multiple multicasts in ONoC with the objective of minimizing the number of wavelengths required. To solve the problem, we first formulate it as an integer programming model for general topologies. Then we design routing policies for special instances that optimally use only one wavelength on mesh topology. For general instances, we design a group-partitioning routing algorithm for multiple multicasts (GPRMM). GPRMM decouples a group of multicasts into a number of subgroups, each of which matching one of the special instances. Theoretical results show that the number of wavelengths required by GPRMM is no more than the Destination Density <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sigma _{d}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, i.e., the maximum number of multicasts with destinations in the same row or column. Moreover, we find the upper bound and the lower bound on the number of wavelengths required for GPRMM. The wavelength requirement is also upper bounded by the network size <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n\times n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mesh network. Simulation results show that GPRMM can reduce the number of wavelengths by 26.7% compared with previous methods. GPRMM has the advantages of low routing complexity, low wavelength requirement, low power consumption, and good scalability.
Identification of key genes in HER2-positive breast cancer with brain metastasis via bioinformatics methods

Background Brain metastasis (BM) represents one of the most common advanced disease states in breast cancer (BC), especially in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive BC, and is associated with poor survival outcomes. Methods In this study, in-depth analysis of the microarray data from the GSE43837 dataset with 19 BM samples of HER2-positive BC patients and 19 HER2-positive nonmetastatic primary BC samples was conducted. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between BM and primary BC samples were identified and function enrichment analysis of the DEGs was conducted to identify potential biological functions. The hub genes were identified by constructing the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network using STRING and Cytoscape. UALCAN and Kaplan-Meier plotter online tools were used to verify the clinical roles of the hub DEGs in HER2-positive BC with BM (BCBM). Results A total of 1,056 DEGs including 767 downregulated and 289 upregulated genes were identified by comparing the microarray data of the HER2-positive BM and primary BC samples. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that the DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways related to extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, cell adhesion, and collagen fibril organization. PPI network analysis identified 14 hub genes. Among these, CD44, COL1A2, MMP14, POSTN, and SOX9 were associated with the survival outcomes of HER2-positive patients. Conclusions In summary, 5 BM-specific hub genes were identified in the study; those are potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HER2-positive BCBM patients. However, further investigations are necessary to unravel the mechanisms by which these 5 hub genes regulate BM in HER2-positive BC.
EFFECT OF NASAL CORTICOSTEROIDS ON OXIDATIVE STRESS PARAMETERS IN CHILDREN WITH ALLERGIC RHINITS

Oxidative stress (OS) is a result of an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the antioxidant defense mechanisms in the organism. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterized by chronic inflammation and increased presence of eosinophils, basophils and mast cells in nasal secretions and mucosa. Stimulation of these cells results in production of free radicals (reactive oxygen metabolites). The aim of this study was to determine the level of OS and antioxidant capacity in children with AR after 8 weeks treatment with nasal corticosteroid (NCS). Thirty children with AR (mean age 8.3 ± 2.9 years) were included. The FRAS 5 Bravo system was used to determine the OS parameters. Demographic characteristics, medical history, children's living conditions and eating habits were obtained from the questionarrie. Anthropometric measurements, absolute number of eosinophils in the peripheral smear and eosinophils in nasal smear were performed in each child. The mean value of blood concentration of serum peroxides (d-ROMs) was 403.4 ± 91.3 U. Carr, while the mean value of OS index was 95.1 ± 45.9. After 8 weeks of treatment with NCS, the mean values were 337.6 ± 71.9 U. Carr, and 53.6 ± 28.3, respectively. Both parameters had significantly lower values (p<0.05) compared to those before the initiation of NCS therapy. After treatment, a significant improvement in the symptoms score of AR was detected (p<0.05). NCS therapy makes asignificant improvement of the symptoms and a considerable reduction in the OS in children with AR.
Population Management of Samia cynthia ricini Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) by Eggs Refrigeration and Its Effect on Hatchability, Development, and Fecundity

Egg viability, hatchability, and development are significant factors in the natural silk industry. Life cycle modification is an important aspect that must be considered to perform effective and efficient mass-rearing and quality control. This study aimed to improve the mass rearing efficiency of Samia chintya ricini through a life cycle modification technique by refrigeration. The study was conducted by storing S. c. ricini eggs in the refrigerator at a temperature of 5°C for one to seven days. Observations were made on the hatchability, development time, cocoon shell weight, and adult female fecundity. The results showed that the egg refrigeration period affected the hatchability of the eggs. A more extended period of egg refrigeration significantly decreased hatchability. The eggs could develop into adult insects after being stored for one to five days. Meanwhile, none of the eggs hatched successfully after going through a cold storage period of six and seven days. Furthermore, the egg refrigeration period affected the development time of the egg, larvae, pupae, and adult. A more extended period of egg refrigeration results in slower egg and larval development time. But a faster cocoon development time. The refrigeration period did not significantly affect the cocoon shell weight. However, it was affecting adult female fecundity. Total fecundity decreased as the refrigeration period increased with different daily oviposition patterns. This study implies that when the egg population is excessive, the life cycle of S. c. ricini can be delayed for 1-5 days. This method can be implied as a simple life cycle modification technique for eri silkworm cultivation.
High-Gain Millimeter-Wave Beam Scanning Transmitarray Antenna

In this article, a high-gain millimeter-wave transmitarray antenna (TAA) maintaining scanning ability is developed, integrating an array feed as the primary emitter. The work is achieved within a limited aperture area, avoiding the replacement or extension of the array. The addition of a set of defocused phases along the scanning direction to the phase distribution of the monofocal lens allows the converging energy to be dispersed into the scanning scope. The beam forming algorithm proposed in this article can determine the excitation coefficients of the array feed source, and is beneficial to improve the scanning capability in array-fed transmitarray antennas. A transmitarray based on the square waveguide element illuminated by an array feed is designed with a focal-to-diameter ratio (F/D) of 0.6. A 1-D scan with a scope of −5° to 5° is realized through calculation. The measured results show that the transmitarray can achieve a high gain, 37.95 dBi at 160 GHz, although a maximum 2.2 dB error appears compared with the calculation in the operating band of 150–170 GHz. The proposed transmitarray has been proven to generate scannable high-gain beams in the millimeter-wave band and is expected to demonstrate its potential in other applications.
Study on Static Adhesion Characteristics of Micron Metal Particles in GIL

Gas insulated transmission lines (GIL) have a wide application prospect in special occasions such as cross terrain power transmission. Metal particle pollution is an important reason for the low insulation performance of GIL. When micron metal particles (MMPs), which are the most common metal particles in engineering, adhere to insulators or high-voltage electrodes, the insulation performance will be reduced. Based on that, this paper mainly studied the static adhesion characteristics of MMPs. Firstly, the static adhesion models and their applicable conditions were introduced. Then, through the atomic force microscope (AFM) test, the adhesion force of MMP-electrode and MMP-insulator was obtained. The test results show that MD model should be used to calculate the adhesion force of MMP-electrode and MMP-insulator. In addition, the adhesion force presents the characteristics of random distribution due to the surface asperities of MMPs and samples. Therefore, according to the test results, this paper introduced the equivalent adhesion work, which is a random variable, and obtained the probability distribution model of equivalent adhesion work. Finally, the distribution of adhesion force was obtained. The above research results provide guidance for inhibiting the adhesion of metal particles in GIL.