Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Signatures of intramolecular vibrational and vibronic Q x –Q y coupling effects in absorption and CD spectra of chlorophyll dimers

An electron-vibrational coupling model that includes the vibronic (non-adiabatic) coupling between the Q y and Q x transitions of chlorophyll (Chl), created by Reimers and coworkers (Scientific Rep. 3, 2761, 2013) is extended here to chlorophyll dimers with interchlorophyll excitonic coupling. The model is applied to a Chl a dimer of the water-soluble chlorophyll binding protein (WSCP). As for isolated chlorophyll, the vibronic coupling is found to have a strong influence on the high-frequency vibrational sideband in the absorption spectrum, giving rise to a band splitting. In contrast, in the CD spectrum the interplay of vibronic coupling and static disorder leads to a strong suppression of the vibrational sideband in excellent agreement with the experimental data. The conservative nature of the CD spectrum in the low-energy region is found to be caused by a delicate balance of the intermonomer excitonic coupling between the purely electronic Q y transition and the Q y transition involving intramolecular vibrational excitations on one hand and the coupling to higher-energy electronic transitions on the other hand.
HAWC – The High Altitude Water Cherenkov Detector

The high altitude water Cherenkov observatory (HAWC) is an instrument for the detection of high energy cosmic gamma-rays. Its predecessor Milagro has successfully proven that the water Cherenkov technology for gamma-ray astronomy is a useful technique. HAWC is currently under construction at Sierra Negra in Mexico at an altitude of 4100 m and will include several improvements compared to Milagro. Two complementary DAQ systems of the HAWC detector allow for the observation of a large fraction of the sky with a very high duty cycle and independent of environmental conditions. HAWC will observe the gamma-ray sky from about 100 GeV up to 100 TeV. Also the cosmic ray flux anisotropy on different angular length scales is object of HAWC science. Because of HAWC's large effective area and field of view, we describe its prospects to observe gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) as an example for transient sources.
Testing The Equality Of Regression Coefficients And A Pooling Methodology From Multiple Samples When The Data Is Multicollinear

TESTING THE EQUALITY OF REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS AND A POOLING METHODOLOGY FROM MULTIPLE SAMPLES WHEN THE DATA IS MULTICOLLINEAR FRANSELL RENA COPELAND RILEY, Ph.D. The University of Texas at Arlington, 2009 Supervising Professor: Dr. Chien-Pai Han Testing the equality of regression coefficients between two regression equations is a common practice in statistics today. The theory and methods are sufficiently developed under ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation. However, there is no method for conducting such tests when OLS estimation is not an appropriate method. For example, when multicollinearity exists in the data. Therefore, there is a need for a method to test the equality of regression coefficients when the data is multicollinear. In this research, we will present methods for conducting such a test using ridge regression coefficient estimators and principal component estimators. We will also present a method for testing the equivalence of the OLS regression coefficients between two or more samples even in the presence of multicollinearity. Lastly, we will present a method for determining a ridge preliminary test estimator (PTE) and a PTE that incorporates the ridge and a stacked estimator.
Optimization of an Electromagnetic Technology in ArcelorMittal Gent for Improving Products Quality in Steel Industry

Abstract A multi-mode electromagnetic stirring technology (MM-EMS) delivered by Danieli–Rotelec Company has been implemented in ArcelorMittal Gent CC2. This solution is able to control the liquid steel flows in CC mould by braking, accelerating or stirring them through the use of three different modes: EMLS, EMLA and EMRS. This paper presents the methodology followed in order to optimize the working of this new technology for improving the quality of products in terms of slivers defects. Different tools were developed and used by ArcelorMittal Maizières R&D to reach this objective: Numerical simulation with MagnetoHydroDynamics (MHD) tool to simulate the fluid flows in mould under the influence of magnetic fields, Submeniscus Velocity Control (SVC) tool to directly measure the liquid steel flows in the mould and finally some quality investigation tool like Automatic Surface Inspection System to detect defects directly on coils and qualify quality of products. Numerical and experimental approaches were associated to finally deliver to ArcelorMittal Gent steelplant an optimized actuator efficient for reducing defects in slabs and improving the final quality of products.
An evolutionary algorithm for optimizing the machine repair problem under a threshold recovery policy

This paper deals with a machine repair problem in which identical operating machines are maintained by one server (repairman). The server is subject to breakdown and operates a threshold recovery policy. The threshold recovery policy means that when the server breaks down, the repair can be performed until q () or more machines appear. The failure and service times of the machines, and the repair times of the server, are all assumed to be exponentially distributed. A cost model is developed to determine the optimal threshold value, optimal service rate and optimal repair rate. We then apply the particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve this optimization problem. Finally, some numerical examples are provided for illustrative purposes.
Palmitate alters miR‐2137 and miR‐503‐5p to induce orexigenic Npy in hypothalamic neuronal cell models: Rescue by oleate and docosahexaenoic acid

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNA implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity. One cause of obesity is excess exposure to the saturated fatty acid palmitate that can alter miRNA levels in the periphery. Palmitate also promotes obesity by acting on the hypothalamus, the central coordinator of energy homeostasis, to dysregulate hypothalamic feeding neuropeptides and induce ER stress and inflammatory signaling. We hypothesized that palmitate would alter hypothalamic miRNAs that control genes involved in energy homeostasis thereby contributing to the obesity‐promoting effects of palmitate. We found that palmitate upregulated 20 miRNAs and downregulated six miRNAs in the orexigenic NPY/AgRP‐expressing mHypoE‐46 cell line. We focused on delineating the roles of miR‐2137 and miR‐503‐5p, as they were strongly up‐ and downregulated by palmitate, respectively. Overexpression of miR‐2137 increased Npy mRNA levels and downregulated Esr1 levels, while increasing C/ebpβ and Atf3 mRNA. Inhibiting miR‐2137 had the opposite effect, except on Npy, which was unchanged. The most downregulated miRNA by palmitate, miR‐503‐5p, negatively regulated Npy mRNA levels. Exposure to the unsaturated fatty acids oleate or docosahexaenoic acid completely or partially blocked the effects of palmitate on miR‐2137 and miR‐503‐5p as well as Npy, Agrp, Esr1, C/ebpβ and Atf3. MicroRNAs may therefore contribute to palmitate actions in dysregulating NPY/AgRP neurons. Effectively combating the deleterious effects of palmitate is crucial to help prevent or reduce the impact of obesity.
A probabilistic approach for fair-efficient call admission control in wireless multiservice networks

The efficiency of call admission control (CAC) schemes in multiclass wireless networks should be evaluated not only with regard to the call blocking probability (CBP) achieved for every service class (SC) supported but also with regard to quality of service (QoS) and network efficiency criteria. In this article, four CAC schemes offering priority to SCs of advanced QoS requirements, based on guard channel policy, are studied and evaluated taking into account fairness and throughput criteria in addition to CBP. For the performance evaluation of the proposed CAC schemes and to examine fairness issues, two fairness indices are introduced along with a throughput metric. The analytical results, validated through extensive simulations, indicate that by appropriate selection of the CAC parameters satisfactory fairness and throughput are achieved while achieving low CBP.
Hybrid silicon-organic racetrack resonator designs for electro-optical modulation

Racetrack resonators based on the silicon-on-insulator platform are proposed for electro-optical modulation. The resonators are functionalized by a cladding of a second order nonlinear optical polymer. Two different concepts for the racetrack design employing different waveguide geometries for quasi-TE and quasi-TM polarization operation are presented. In both resonator designs the electrical contact is established by fully etched segmented electrode sections to allow for an easy fabrication process. For quasi-TM polarization the width of the strip waveguide is optimized to 400 nm. The Q factor of 2000 is measured for a sample with segmented electrode. A loss of 0.4 dB per segmented waveguide is deducted. For the quasi-TE polarization the slot waveguide geometry is optimized to 470 nm total width including a vertical slot of 90 nm width. Only the straight parts of the racetrack are slotted, while the bends are built from strip waveguides. To convert the mode from strip to slot geometry stub like couplers of 100 nm length are employed. The measured Q factor is 550. The in device Pockels coefficient is measured to r33 = 1 pm/V. This small value indicates a very low poling induced polar order which needs to be improved. This is a topic of current investigation.
Hydrodynamic Forces On A Submerged Bridge

We consider the problem of the hydrodynamic interactions between an open channel flow and a bridge deck. The relationship between drag and lift coefficients and characteristic state variables of the flow is of interest for a proper estimation of mean dynamic forces exerted by the flow on the structure. The recent survey of Ballio et al. [ l ] showed that the problem has not been extensively studied in the past, even though the knowledge of hydrodynamic forces plays a major role in assessing the vulnerability of a bridge structure. Most theoretical and experimental work in the literature is concerned with obstacles in an infinite uniform flow field and only a few consider interactions between free surface stream and man-made structures. We analyse the problem by means of dimensional analysis and perform a series of experimental measurements of time-varying forces acting on a bridge deck in a laboratory flume. The bridge structure was modelled by a rectangular cross section box. A pair of ad hoc dynamometers were placed inside the hollow structure and connected to an automatic acquisition system. Measurements of forces were taken for fully submerged structure. Experiments are compared with theoretical values obtained upon application of the momentum equation in the direction of flow, under some simplifying assumptions.
Water distribution network leak localization with histogram-based gradient boosting histogram-based gradient boosting water network leak localization

Accurate and rapid leak localization in water distribution networks is extremely important as it prevents further loss of water and reduces water scarcity. A framework for identifying relevant leak event parameters such as the leak location, leakage area, and start time is presented in this paper. Firstly, the proposed data-driven methodology consists of acquiring pressure data at nodes in the network through hydraulic simulations by randomly changing the leak event initial conditions (leak location, area, and start time). Pressure uncertainties are added to the sensor measurements in order to make the problem more realistic. Secondly, the acquired data are then used to train, test, and validate a machine learning model in order to predict the relevant parameters. The random forest and the histogram-based gradient boosting machine learning algorithms are investigated and compared for the leak detection problem. The proposed approach with the histogram-based gradient boosting algorithm shows high accuracy in predicting the true leak location.
A semi-Lagrangian method of solving the vorticity advection equation

The basic equation of the barotropic model atmosphere is solved by following the motion of a system of atmospheric parcels each of which conserves its vorticity. The wind field is computed at intervals from the vorticity field on a fixed grid and is used as a basis for calculating the motion of the parcels. Results have similar accuracy to those obtained by Eulerian methods, but being independent of the latter, serve to indicate some effects of truncation error in the usual Eulerian scheme. The semi-Lagrangian scheme is suitable for integrations with long time steps on a coarse grid. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1963. tb01396.x
SYSTEM Research note on: Recognizing statistical in-between- trials heterogeneity

CONTEXT: Quantitative systematic reviews need to consider clinical, methodological and statistical heterogeneity of trials or datasets from trials before combining their results in meta-analyses, as combining results from heterogeneous datasets and/or trials will lead to meaningless results and thus should be avoided. Potential statistical heterogeneity between trials/datasets that have been considered as being clinically/methodologically homogeneous is usually investigated using I 2 – test and Cochrane Q statistics. PROBLEM: However, both, I 2 – test and Cochrane Q statistics are tests with low statistical power, which gives even weaker results the smaller the number of trials/datasets is (n < 15). SUGGESTED SOLUTION: Therefore, statistical in-between-trial heterogeneity should be assessed using the point estimate together with its 95% Confidence interval of the I 2 – test. Galbraith plots are to be used to identify outlying datasets/trials, which then should be further investigated for potential effect modifiers using regression analysis.
Robust designs for wavelet approximations of regression models

We consider the construction of designs for the estimation of a regression function, when it is anticipated that this function is to be approximated by the dominant terms in its wavelet expansion. We consider both the Haar wavelet basis and the multiwavelet system. The experimenter estimates the coefficients of those wavelets included in the approximation, hoping that the omitted terms will be inconsequential. This introduces bias into the least squares estimates, which we propose handling at the design stage by one of two methods: (i) implementing a minimax robust design, which enjoys the property of minimizing the maximum value of an mse-based loss function, with the maximum being taken as the remainder in the wavelet expansion varies over an L2 -neighbourhood; (ii) implementing a minimum variance unbiased (mvu) design which, when employed with weighted least squares and weights derived here, minimizes the variance subject to a side condition of unbiasedness. For the Haar wavelet system we show that the.
Emerging gravity from defects in world crystal

One of the most important features of string theories is that they assume the validity of Lorentz invariance for all energies in the trans-Planckian regime [1]. In this lecture we would like to point out that an entirely different scenario is possible. It could be that we live in a world crystal with a lattice constant of the order of the Planck length, without being able to notice this. None of the present-day relativistic physical laws would have to be observably violated. The gravitational forces could arise from variants of ordinary elastic forces in this world crystal, and the observed curvature in gravitational spacetime could be just a signal of the presence of disclinations in the world crystal. Matter would be sources of disclinations.
Analysis and synthesis of robust control systems via parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions

In this paper, the problem of robust stability of systems subject to parametric uncertainties is considered. Sufficient conditions for the existence of parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions are given in terms of a criterion which is reminiscent of, but less conservative than, Popov's stability criterion. An equivalent frequency-domain criterion is demonstrated. The relative sharpness of the proposed test and existing stability criteria is then discussed. The use of parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions for robust controller synthesis is then considered. It is shown that the search for robustly stabilizing controllers may be limited to controllers with the same order as the original plant. A possible synthesis procedure and a numerical example are then discussed.
On the Triangular Decomposition of Cauchy Matrices

1. Introduction. Recently Schechter [4], and (apparently independently) Trench and Scheinok [5] have shown that the elements of the inverse of a Cauchy matrix may be written down in simple closed form. In this short note we demonstrate that the triangular decomposition of the Cauchy matrix may also be written out explicitly, and furthermore that the same is true of the inverse of these triangular factors. The inverses of the triangular factors are deduced from new determinantal expressions for the elements of the triangular factors of a general matrix.
Focused ion beam 3D nano-patterned optical fiber tips for advanced beam profile engineering

Focused ion beam (FIB) patterning of 3D topography on optical fiber tips for application in stand-alone, rugged and simplified setups for optical tweezers cell sorters, optical near-field lithography and optical beam profile engineering are reported. We demonstrate various configurations based on single-step FIB patterning, multiple-step FIB processing and hybrid approaches based on optical fiber pre- and post-FIB treatment with either etching, fusion splicing, photopolymerization or electroplating steps for optical fiber texture, topography and composition engineering. Different conductive coatings for minimal charge accumulation and beam drift are studied with the relative merits compared. Furthermore optimal beam parameters for accurate pattern replication and positioning are also presented. Measured experimental field profiles are compared with numerical simulations of fabricated optical fiber tips for fabrication accuracy evaluation. Applications employing these engineered fiber tips in the field of optical tweezers, optical vortex generation, photolithography, photo-polymerization and beam forming are presented.
Surface elements for modelling eddy currents in high permeability materials

A method for solving problems involving eddy currents flowing in thin surface layers in magnetically nonlinear iron is described. It is shown how an extension of the method of D. Rodger and N. Atkinson (1988) for modeling eddy currents in thin sheets can be used to model low skin depth problems using sheet elements which cover the surface of the eddy current regions. The resulting equations can be nonlinear if the permeability is dependent on fields. The volume of the iron need not be modeled using this method. Only the fundamental harmonic of the AC supply is considered and hysteresis effects are ignored. Nevertheless, the method has been shown to be useful in situations where a full volume, nonlinear transient solution would be computationally too expensive. Some experimental results are compared with simulations from the MEGA program package. >
High-performance diamond radiation detectors produced by lift-off method

For stable semiconductor detector operation under harsh environments, an ideal single-crystal diamond without a charge trapping centre is required. For this study, a self-standing single-crystal CVD diamond was fabricated using a lift-off method. The reduction of charge trapping factors such as structural defects, point defects, and nitrogen impurities, was attempted using 0.2% of low-methane concentration growth and using a full metal seal chamber. A high-quality self-standing diamond with strong free-exciton recombination emission was obtained. Charge collection efficiencies were 100.1% for holes and 99.8% for electrons, provided that and . Energy resolutions were 0.38% for both holes and electrons. We produced a high-performance diamond radiation detector using the productive lift-off method.
Testing normalization and overidentification of cointegrating vectors in vector autoregressive processes

This paper develops test procedures for testing the validity of general linear identifying restrictions imposed on cointegrating vectors in the context of a vector autoregressive model. In addition to overidentifying restrictions the considered restrictions may also involve normalizing restrictions. Tests for both types of restrictions are developed and their asymptotic properties are obtained. Under the null hypothesis tests for normalizing restrictions have an asymptotic "multivariate unit root distribution", similar to that obtained for the likelihood ratio test for cointegration, while tests for overidentifying restrictions have a standard chi-square limiting distribution. Since these two types of tests are asymptotically independent they are easy to cotnbine to an overall test for the spccifed identifying restrictions. An overall test of this kind can consistently reveal the failure of the identifying restrictions in a wider class of cases than previous tests which only test for overidentifying restr.
Review and Critical Appraisal of Clinical Practice Guidelines of Modalities Used in the Diagnosis of Celiac Disease

Abstract Background There is controversy over the recommendations for specific serological strategies implemented and the need for a biopsy to confirm celiac disease (CeD). We reviewed and appraised the current clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to assess the quality and reliability of recommendations for CeD diagnosis in pediatric and adult populations. Methods We searched databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL, between December 2010 and January 2021 for CPGs. Four independent reviewers extracted data. Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) criteria were applied by two reviewers, and a standardized score was calculated for each of the six domains. A cut-off of 60% was used to identify high-quality guidelines. Results A total of 654 records were identified, 10 of which were eligible for data extraction. Both adult and pediatric CPGs averaged above 70% for the domains of ‘scope and purpose’ and ‘clarity and presentation’. For ‘stakeholder involvement’, the mean adult and pediatric CPG scores were below the cut-off. Only one adult-focused guideline exceeded the cut-off for the ‘rigour of development’ domain. ‘Applicability’ scores were most alarming, with adult CPGs averaging 21% and pediatric CPGs averaging 23%. Conclusion Our review and appraisal of the CPGs for the diagnosis of CeD highlight significant discrepancies in clinical recommendations and some concerns regarding methodological rigour, particularly in stakeholder engagement, rigour, and applicability. Creating a Canadian guideline of high methodological quality that overcomes these weaknesses is critical to optimize patient care and ensuring accurate diagnoses in CeD.