Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fine-Scale Genetic Structure of Curculio chinensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Based on Mitochondrial COI: The Role of Host Specificity and Spatial Distance

Simple Summary Curculio chinensis is a phytophagous pest that feeds on oil-tea Camellia in South and Southwest China. This pest is highly dependent on its hosts and habitats. The genetic basis of this pest in various hosts, which could enrich our understanding of whether host-specificity existed and how the population is structured, is poorly explored. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, and phylogenetic structure of C. chinensis in 2 major host species, Camellia meiocarpa Hu and Camellia oleifera Abel, using 1083 mitochondrial COI. Structural differentiation was observed among populations in monoculture plantations of Camellia meiocarpa and Camellia oleifera. The mean genetic distance between Haplogroup 1 and Haplogroup 2 was significantly lower than that between C. chinensis and its related species. Two haplogroups have recently undergone a demographic expansion, and a significant asymmetrical effective migration was observed from C. chinensis populations in Cam. meiocarpa to populations in Cam. oleifera in comparison to migrating back, which is likely due to the increased cultivation of oil-tea Camellia in Jiangxi. Our findings can serve as a guide for future genomic research to improve prediction and facilitate control strategies for C. chinensis. Abstract The Camellia weevil, Curculio chinensis (Chevrolat, 1978), is a dominant oligophagous pest that bores into the fruit of oil-tea Camellia. Genetic differentiation among populations in various hosts can easily occur, which hinders research on pest management. In this study, the genetic structure, genetic diversity, and phylogenetic structure of local C. chinensis populations were examined using 147 individuals (from 6 localities in Jiangxi), based on 2 mitochondrial COI markers. Results indicated that the C. chinensis population in Jiangxi exhibits a high haplotype diversity, especially for the populations from Cam. meiocarpa plantations. Structural differentiation was observed between Haplogroup 1 (73 individuals from Ganzhou, Jian, and Pingxiang) in the monoculture plantations of Cam. meiocarpa and Haplogroup 2 (75 individuals from Pingxiang and Jiujiang) in Cam. oleifera. Two haplogroups have recently undergone a demographic expansion, and Haplogroup 1 has shown a higher number of effective migrants than Haplogroup 2. This suggests that C. chinensis has been spreading from Cam. meiocarpa plantations to other oil-tea Camellia, such as Cam. oleifera. The increased cultivation of oil-tea Camellia in Jiangxi has contributed to a unique genetic structure within the C. chinensis population. This has, in turn, expanded the distribution of C. chinensis and increased migration between populations.
An Improvement CHAN Algorithm Based on TOA Position

An improvement CHAN position algorithm based on TOA parameters is proposed in this paper.The first step estimation results can be gotten by using coordinate shift method to eliminate the unknown parameter in the location function.The geographical structure of the base stations and the distances of arrival between base stations and mobile station have the different 'contribution' degree to position error through the analysis of the error of the first step estimation result.According to the principle that the weight is inverse to the 'contribution' degree,we propose the method of virtual base station to reduce the total system errors and improve the precise of the position estimation.The simulation results also verify the ability of this method.
Are the Central Andes Mountains a Warming Hot Spot

AbstractGlobal climate model simulations project that the tropical Andes Mountains of South America, which are particularly vulnerable to climate change because of a reliance on snow and glacial melt for freshwater resources, will experience enhanced warming in the near future, with both higher rates of warming at higher elevations within the mountain range itself and localized enhancement of warming exceeding surrounding areas of the globe. Yet recent surface temperature changes in the tropical Andes do not show evidence for either elevation-dependent warming or regional enhancement of warming on average. However, it remains a possibility that the expected warming trends in this region have begun to manifest in other ways (e.g., in the free atmosphere or at intermediate mountain elevations). This paper proposes evidence from several reanalysis products that there has indeed been a regional enhancement of midtropospheric warming around the central Andes over the past few decades that makes this region sta.
Highly Sensitive Narrowband AlGaN Solar Blind Ultraviolet Photodetectors Using Polarization Induced Heterojunction Barrier

A highly sensitive narrowband solar-blind ultraviolet photodetector (PD) was fabricated using polarization induced heterojunction barrier (PHB) in an n-i-i-n type AlGaN structure. The i-Al0.4 GaN/i-Al0.5GaN heterojunction is utilized to generate net negative interface polarization charges and strong polarization electric field, which can deplete the i-layers and lead to an effective interface barrier. Such a PHB can significantly hinder the carrier transport in the absence of irradiation, while localizing photogenerated holes under UV illumination, thereby lowering the barrier height and generating a high optical gain. On this basis, the top n-type injection layer and the bottom n-type transmission window layer are introduced to improve the current gain and achieve short-wavelength cutoff. The resulting PHB-PDs demonstrated a superhigh shot-noise-limited specific detectivity of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${1}. {7}\times {10} ^{{{17}}}\vphantom {{1}^{{1}^{{1}}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> jones at 7 V bias under 274-nm back illumination. Meanwhile, a bandpass spectral response with a linewidth of ~16 nm and an ultrahigh spectral rejection ratio over <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{{{6}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> were obtained under wake light of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 0.45~\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/cm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{{-{2}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. These results confirmed the feasibility of our proposed PHB-PD in highly sensitive and color-distinguishing photodetection.
Selected Trace Metals Analysis of Total Suspended particulate Matter in Rural Areas in Edo state, Nigeria

Particulate matter was captured from five different sites using SKC Air Check gravimetric sampler Model 21-5000 serial no 20537 and a glass fibre filter between the months of December 2008 and April 2009. The glass fibre filters were analysed for nine trace metals – Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Mn, Pd, Ni, Cr and Co (by Atomic Absorption spectrophotometric (AAS). The data obtained were subjected to factor analysis. Enrichment factors of various elements relative to crustal abundance for the air filters indicate that input of the majority of elements is due to crustal resuspended soil induced by wind and traffic. The element Cd was moderately enriched. The mean ambient temperature was in the range of 26.40 0 C, the relative humidity was in the range of 70.00-72.60% and the mean wind speed was in the range of 0.13-0.34m/s.
Current Strategies for Tracheal Decellularization: A Systematic Review

The process of decellularization is crucial for producing a substitute for the absent tracheal segment, and the choice of agents and methods significantly influences the outcomes. This paper aims to systematically review the efficacy of diverse tracheal decellularization agents and methods using the PRISMA flowchart. Inclusion criteria encompassed experimental studies published between 2018 and 2023, written in English, and detailing outcomes related to histopathological anatomy, DNA quantification, ECM evaluation, and biomechanical characteristics. Exclusion criteria involved studies related to 3D printing, biomaterials, and partial decellularization. A comprehensive search on PubMed, NCBI, and ScienceDirect yielded 17 relevant literatures. The integration of various agents and methods has proven effective in the process of tracheal decellularization, highlighting the distinct advantages and drawbacks associated with each agent and method.
Self-Assembled Monolayers of a Fluorinated Phosphonic Acid as a Protective Coating on Aluminum

Aluminum (Al) placed in hot water (HW) at 90 °C is roughened due to its reaction with water, forming Al hydroxide and Al oxide, as well as releasing hydrogen gas. The roughened surface is thus hydrophilic and possesses a hugely increased surface area, which can be useful in applications requiring hydrophilicity and increased surface area, such as atmospheric moisture harvesting. On the other hand, when using HW to roughen specified areas of an Al substrate, ways to protect the other areas from HW attacks are necessary. We demonstrated that self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of a fluorinated phosphonic acid (FPA, CF3(CF2)13(CH2)2P(=O)(OH)2) derivatized on the native oxide of an Al film protected the underneath metal substrate from HW attack. The intact wettability and surface morphology of FPA-derivatized Al subjected to HW treatment were examined using contact angle measurement, and scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. Moreover, the surface and interface chemistry of FPA-derivatized Al before and after HW treatment were investigated by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), verifying that the FPA SAMs were intact upon HW treatment. The ToF-SIMS results therefore explained, on the molecular level, why HW treatment did not affect the underneath Al at all. FPA derivatization is thus expected to be developed as a patterning method for the formation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic areas on Al when combined with HW treatment.
Efficient Algorithm for Scattering Simulation of Multiple IBC Targets Based on Self-Dual Integral Equation With MLFMA–FAFFA

An efficient algorithm is presented for accurately calculating electromagnetic (EM) scattering from multiple impedance boundary condition (IBC) targets, and individual unit in the group is dealt with separately based on the combined self-dual IE (C-SDIE). To rapidly analyze multiple targets with IBC, the translation matrix concept of the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) is applied to calculate the EM coupling between targets. One advantage of this approach is its capability of reusing data structures for identical targets. In addition, it facilitates generating an initial solution (IS) that is close to the exact solution for group targets based on a single target. Moreover, the fast far-field approximation (FAFFA) is used to further improve computational efficiency. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method has promising numerical performance in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and capability.
SP1 Mediated PIK3CB Upregulation Promotes Gastric Carcinogenesis

PIK3CB, one of catalytic subunits of PI3Ks kinase family, is implicated in several cellular processes such as cell growth, proliferation, mobility and neoplastic transformation. Its abnormal expression has been found in several human cancer types. However, the regulation pattern and function of PIK3CB in gastric cancer (GC) are still unclear. Here, we demonstrated that PIK3CB and SP1 (special protein 1) were both upregulated in GC samples compared to adjacent non-cancerous stomach tissues at mRNA and protein levels. The expression of the two genes also displayed a significant positive correlation in GC samples. Dual-luciferase assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed that SP1 could bind to the -771~-605 region of the promoter of PIK3CB and enhance transcription. Furthermore, we discovered that SP1 induced AKT activation through PIK3CB and accelerated GC cell proliferation and migration in a PIK3CB/AKT signaling dependent manner. TGX-221, a PIK3CB-selective inhibitor, which can block this signaling transduction pathway, was found to inhibit the growth of GC cells and induce apoptosis in vitro, implying that it may act as a potential development agent for GC. These collective findings provide a new insight into PI3K/AKT signaling that SP1 may function as an upstream factor on PI3K, forming a new signaling axis to promote the progression of GC or other malignancies.
Hand Gesture Detection and Recognition System: A Critical Review

Hand gesture recognition is used enormously in the recent years for interact human and machine. There are many type of gestures such as arm, hand, face and many other but hand gestures give more meaningful information than other types of gestures. There are many techniques for hand gesture recognition, such as color marker approach, vision-based approach, glove-based approach and depth-based approach. The main purpose of gesture recognition system is to develop a useful system which can recognize human hand gestures and used them to control electronic devices. This paper reviewed the most common used hand gesture recognition methods, tools and analysis the strength and weakness of these methods, and lists the current challenging problems of hand gesture recognition system.
Predicting Conflict in

The prediction of conflict constitutes a challenge to social scientists. This article explores whether the incorporation of geography can help us make our forecasts of political violence more accurate. The authors describe a spatially and temporally autoregressive discrete regression model, following the framework of Geyer and Thompson. This model is applied to geo-located data on attributes and conflict events in Bosnia over the period from March 1992 to October 1995. Results show that there is a strong spatial as well as temporal dimension to the outbreak of violence in Bosnia. The authors then explore the use of this model for predicting future conflict. Using a simulation approach, the predictive accuracy of the spa tial-temporal model is compared to a standard regression model that only includes time lags. The results show that even in a difficult out-of-sample prediction task, the incorporation of space improves our forecasts of future conflict.
Transfer RNA derived fragment, tRF-Glu-CTC, aggravates the development of neovascular age-related macular degeneration

Rationale: Angiogenesis expedites tissue impairment in many diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of irreversible blindness in elderly. A substantial proportion of neovascular AMD patients, characterized by aberrant choroidal neovascularization (CNV), exhibit poor responses or adverse reactions to anti-VEGF therapy. Herein, we aimed to unveil the function of newly identified transfer RNA-derived small RNA, tRF-Glu-CTC, in the pathology of CNV and determine its potential in inhibiting angiogenesis. Methods: Small non-coding RNA sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were conducted to detect expression pattern of tRF-Glu-CTC in CNV development. Immunofluorescence staining, fundus fluorescein angiography and ex vivo choroidal sprouting assays were employed for the evaluation of tRF-Glu-CTC's function in CNV development. The role of tRF-Glu-CTC in endothelial cells were determined by in vitro endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation assays. Transcriptome sequencing, dual-luciferase reporter assay and in vitro experiments were conducted to investigate downstream mechanism of tRF-Glu-CTC mediated pathology. Results: tRF-Glu-CTC exhibited substantial up-regulation in AMD patients, laser-induced CNV model, and endothelial cells under hypoxia condition, which is a hallmark of CNV. Inhibiting tRF-Glu-CTC reduced angiogenesis and hypoxia stress in the neovascular region without neuroretina toxicity in laser-induced CNV model, showing an anti-angiogenic effect comparable to bevacizumab, while overexpression of tRF-Glu-CTC significantly augmented CNV. Mechanically, under hypoxia condition, angiogenin was involved in the production of tRF-Glu-CTC, which in turn triggered endothelial cell tubulogenesis, migration and promoted the secretion of inflammatory factors via the suppression of vasohibin 1 (VASH1). When downregulating VASH1 expression, the inhibition of tRF-Glu-CTC showed minimal suppression on angiogenesis. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the important role of tRF-Glu-CTC in the progression of angiogenesis. Targeting of tRF-Glu-CTC may be an alternative to current anti-VEGF therapy for CNV in AMD and other conditions with angiogenesis.
High-Performance Fully Thermal ALD-Processed IGZO Thin Film Transistors

To enable ultrahigh-resolution displays, there is an urgent requirement for novel structures and processes that enhance the performance of thin film transistors (TFTs). Thermal atomic layer deposition (TH-ALD) emerges as a promising technique due to its capabilities in achieving controlled composition and large-area deposition. Here, we report a method for the vertical dimension control of ultrahigh performance indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) TFTs fabricated via TH-ALD. By carefully adjusting the ratio and stacking sequence of InOx, GaOx, and ZnOx layers, our devices demonstrate outstanding performance characteristics. These include a field-effect mobility of 26.5 cm2/Vs, a threshold voltage of −0.06 V, an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{\text {on}}/{I}_{\text {off}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ratio of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{{7}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and a subthreshold swing (SS) of 0.15 V/decade, while maintaining a reasonable carrier density level of approximately <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{{18}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{-{3}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Based on the evaluation of physical, chemical, and optical analyses, a systematic investigation is conducted into how deposition routes affect performance, with the purpose of strategically improving overall performance and preventing problems like conductivity similar to that of conductors or insulators. The results indicate that IGZO TFTs fabricated via TH-ALD hold great potential advantages in ultrahigh-resolution displays industry.
Dissecting the Allosteric Fine-Tuning of Enzyme Catalysis

Fully understanding the mechanism of allosteric regulation in biomolecules requires separating and examining all of the involved factors. In enzyme catalysis, allosteric effector binding shifts the structure and dynamics of the active site, leading to modified energetic (e.g., energy barrier) and dynamical (e.g., diffusion coefficient) factors underlying the catalyzed reaction rate. Such modifications can be subtle and dependent on the type of allosteric effector, representing a fine-tuning of protein function. The microscopic description of allosteric regulation at the level of function-dictating factors has prospective applications in fundamental and pharmaceutical sciences, which is, however, largely missing so far. Here, we characterize the allosteric fine-tuning of enzyme catalysis, using human Pin1 as an example, by performing more than half-millisecond all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. Changes of reaction kinetics and the dictating factors, including the free energy surface along the reaction coordinate and the diffusion coefficient of the reaction dynamics, under various enzyme and allosteric effector binding conditions are examined. Our results suggest equal importance of the energetic and dynamical factors, both of which can be modulated allosterically, and the combined effect determines the final allosteric output. We also reveal the potential dynamic basis for allosteric modulation using an advanced statistical technique to detect function-related conformational dynamics. Methods developed in this work can be applied to other allosteric systems.
Ileal Conduit versus Cutaneous Ureterostomy after Open Radical Cystectomy: Comparison of 90-Day Morbidity and Tube Dependence at Intermediate Term Follow-Up

Background: This study aims to compare perioperative morbidity and drainage tube dependence following open radical cystectomy (ORC) with ileal conduit (IC) or cutaneous ureterostomy (CU) for bladder cancer. Methods: A single-center, retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing ORC with IC or CU urinary diversion between 2020 and 2023 was carried out. The 90-day perioperative morbidity, as per Clavien–Dindo (C.D.) complication rates (Minor C.D. I–II, Major C.D. III–V), and urinary drainage tube dependence (ureteral stent or nephrostomy tube) after tube-free trial were assessed. Results: The study included 56 patients (IC: 26, CU: 30) with a 14-month median follow-up. At 90 days after IC or CU, the frequencies of any, minor, and major C.D. complications were similar (any—69% vs. 77%; minor—61% vs. 73%; major—46% vs. 30%, respectively, p > 0.2). Tube-free trial was performed in 86% of patients with similar rates of tube replacement (19% IC vs. 32% CU, p = 0.34) and tube-free survival at 12 months was assessed (76% IC vs. 70% CU, p = 0.31). Conclusions: Compared to the ORC+IC, ORC+CU has similar rates of both 90-day perioperative complications and 12-month tube-free dependence. CU should be offered to select patients as an alternative to IC urinary diversion after RC.
Petrology and mineralogy of the Tissint olivine-phyric shergottite

Introduction: Tissint is a recent fall of Martian meteorites on July 18, 2011. It is a geochemically depleted olivine-phyric shergottite [1]. Here we report its petrology and mineralogy. Petrology: Large euhedral to subeuhedral olivine magacrysts (mm sized) are set in fine-grained groundmass of olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase, and opaque phases. Pyroxene is the most abundant phase (53 vol.%), followed by olivine (12 % for megacrysts and 17 % for phenocrysts) and plgioclase (17 %). Both clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene are present. Olivine grain usually has a thin ferroan rim (15 μm). Plagioclase was converted to maskelynite by impact. Merrillite occurs as a minor phase. Shockinduced melt veins (100-200 μm in width) are visible in the section. Mineralogy: The cores (Fo81) of olivine megacrysts are more Mg-rich than those (Fo71) of phenocrysts. Outer parts of olivine grains are relatively ferroan (Fo55-60). Pyroxene also exhibits chemical zoning with Mg-rich core (En59–68Fs21–24Wo8–19) surounded by Fe-rich rim (Fs32–41Wo12-16). Within a given grain, maskelynite is chemically homegeous. A compositional range of Ab33-41An58-66 was observed among different grains. Discussion: The average analysis of the fusion crust was found to be essentially identical to the bulk composition of an olivine-phyric shergottite NWA 5789 [2]. The fusion crust of Tissint was then analyzed with an EMP using a defocused beam. It has a bulk Mg# [100×molar MgO/(MgO+FeO)] of 64. On the basis of the Mg-Fe partition coefficient (0.35) between olivine and melt [3], the cores of olivine megacrysts would have crystallized from a melt with an Mg# of 60.5. Therefore, Tissint does not represent a primitive, mantle-derived magma composition but contains a small amount (5 %) of excess olivine. References: [1] Irving A. J. et al. 2012. Abstract #2510. 43rd Lunar & Planetary Science Conference. [2] Gross J. et al. 2011. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 46:116-133. [3] Filiberto J. and Dasgupta R. 2011. Earth and Planetary Science Letter 304:527537.