Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interrupt Timed Automata with Auxiliary Clocks and Parameters

Interrupt Timed Automata (ITA) are an expressive timed model, introduced to take into account interruptions according to levels. Due to this feature, this formalism is incomparable with Timed Automata. However several decidability results related to reachability and model checking have been obtained. We add auxiliary clocks to ITA, thereby extending its expressive power while preserving decidability of reachability. Moreover, we define a parametrized version of ITA, with polynomials of parameters appearing in guards and updates. While parametric reasoning is particularly relevant for timed models, it very often leads to undecidability results. We prove that various reachability problems, including robust reachability, are decidable for this model, and we give complexity upper bounds for a fixed or variable number of clocks, levels and parameters.
Utility of a multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay (HemaVision) in the evaluation of genetic abnormalities in Korean children with acute leukemia: a single institution study

Purpose In children with acute leukemia, bone marrow genetic abnormalities (GA) have prognostic significance, and may be the basis for minimal residual disease monitoring. Since April 2007, we have used a multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction tool (HemaVision) to detect of GA. Methods In this study, we reviewed the results of HemaVision screening in 270 children with acute leukemia, newly diagnosed at The Catholic University of Korea from April 2007 to December 2011, and compared the results with those of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and G-band karyotyping. Results Among the 270 children (153 males, 117 females), 187 acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 74 acute myeloid leukemia patients were identified. Overall, GA was detected in 230 patients (85.2%). HemaVision, FISH, and G-band karyotyping identified GA in 125 (46.3%), 126 (46.7%), and 215 patients (79.6%), respectively. TEL-AML1 (20.9%, 39/187) and AML1-ETO (27%, 20/74) were the most common GA in ALL and AML, respectively. Overall sensitivity of HemaVision was 98.4%, with false-negative results in 2 instances: 1 each for TEL-AML1 and MLL-AF4. An aggregate of diseasesspecific FISH showed 100% sensitivity in detection of GA covered by HemaVision for actual probes utilized. G-band karyotype revealed GA other than those covered by HemaVison screening in 133 patients (49.3%). Except for hyperdiplody and hypodiploidy, recurrent GA as defined by the World Health Organizationthat were not screened by HemaVision, were absent in the karyotype. Conclusion HemaVision, supported by an aggregate of FISH tests for important translocations, may allow for accurate diagnosis of GA in Korean children with acute leukemia.
Hardware Design of Feature Point Extraction using SIFT Algorithm

In this paper, we design hardware architecture to accelerate feature point extraction using SIFT(Scale Invariant Feature Transform) algorithm for real-time embedded applications. The process of SIFT needs excessive amount of computations and memory accesses. To solve this problem, changing computation order and FIFO buffer are adopted. As a result, this hardware can extract feature points on qVGA(320x240) image in real-time. The proposed hardware is implemented in FPGA.
Effect of Citalopram on Reducing Transportation Stress in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

It is often necessary to transfer live fish between aquaculture facilities to permit on-growing or fishing, handling and the physical disturbances associated with loading, transport, and discharge could be regarded as the potential to cause distress and injury, and then leading to possible long term health impairment. Fish in different ways keep its stability (homeostasis) after stress responds. Stress response is involved in many physiological changes. One of the main reactions to stress is increasing the plasma cortisol level. Purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (citalopram) on plasma cortisol, and handling stress of rainbow trout. Immature rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with an average of 50 ± 7 g weight set in three treatments, control, acute (5 mg/l for 48 hours) and chronic (5 μg/l for 10 days). Plasma cortisol before transport in the control group was 22.11 ± 5.33 (ng/ml), chronic dose was 15.99 ± 5.85 (ng/ml) and in the acute treatment was 18.81 ± 7.42 (ng/ml). Mean plasma cortisol after transportation in the control, acute and chronic treatment respectively was 286.01 ± 54.26, 107.12 ± 25.53 and 239.89 ± 57.56 ng/ml. Based on the results, significant difference observed (p<0.05) between mean plasma cortisol before and after transportation in chronic treatment. Also in acute dose, there was a significant difference in mean plasma cortisol before and after transportation (p<0.05). As a conclusion it can be expressed that, chronic treatment was more effective than acute treatment in reducing handling stress in rainbow trout.
[Therapeutic efficiency of amphotericin B liposome modified by RMP-7 to transport drug across blood brain barrier].

AIM To study the therapeutic efficiency of amphotericin B liposome (AmB-L) targeting to the brain in mice with meningitis. METHODS Amphotericin B liposome targeting to the brain were prepared by film-sonication method. Their concentration and encapsulation percentage were determined. The Candida albicans was injected into the brain of BALB/c mice and the meningitis model was set up. Then the therapeutic efficiency of amphotericin B liposome targeting to the brain was studied. RESULTS The encapsulation percentage of amphotericin B liposome was 93.3%. The meningitis model was set up after the Candida albicans was injected into the brain of BALB/c mice for 2 h. The therapeutic efficiency was increased after conjugating RMP-7 (the commercial nama is Cereport) to the surface of amphotericin B liposome. CONCLUSION The therapeutic efficiency of Amphotericin B liposome targeting to the brain in the mice with meningitis was better than that of the common amphotericin B liposome and the life of the mice in AmB-L-PEG-RMP-7 group was longer than that of the mice in AmB-L-PEG group and AmB-L-PEG + RMP-7 group.
Reliable and real-time data dissemination in wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks, both real time and reliable transmission are the big research challenge. But current approaches in these research fields have not been well explored because there are so many restrictions on respective sensor node. In this paper, we propose a new reliable real time routing protocol in sensor networks. For real time delivery, we introduce a time-based forwarding scheme in wireless sensor networks. In addition, reliable transmission is accomplished by multiple transmissions based on link quality in such a distributed way. Finally, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the proposed scheme meets real time and reliable transmission in wireless sensor networks.
Management of ledge formation in root canal treatment

Aim The aim of the review is to asses management of ledge formation in root canal treatment. Objective-The objective of the review is to asses management of ledge formation in root canal treatment. Background-Failure to grasp the rationale behind cleaning and shaping concepts can increase the occurrence of needless complications, such as ledges. A ledge is created when the working length can no longer be negotiated and the original pathway of the can been lost. Extension of the access cavity to provide unobstructed access to the root canals, precurving and not forcing instruments, using NiTi files, using passive step balanced force techniques, and instrumenting the canal to its full len prevent ledge formation. Reason-A review of the literature and a discussion of the options for management of ledge formation are presented Among the ring root canal
Nonfragile filtering for discrete-time linear systems in finite-frequency domain

This article investigates the problem of nonfragile filter design for discrete-time linear systems subject to noises with known frequency ranges. Additive interval uncertainty reflecting imprecision in filter implementation is considered. By the aid of generalised KYP lemma, both deterministic and randomised filtering algorithms are proposed to deal with noises in low-, middle- and high-frequency domain, respectively. The proposed nonfragile finite-frequency filters can get a better noise attenuation performance when frequency ranges of noises are known beforehand. An example about F-18 aircraft model is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Segmental minimum Bayes-risk ASR voting strategies

ROVER [1] and its successor voting procedures have been shown to be quite effective in reducing the recognition word error rate (WER). The success of these methods has been attributed to their minimum Bayes-risk (MBR) nature: they produce the hypothesis with the least expected word error. In this paper we develop a general procedure within the MBR framework, called segmental MBR recognition, that encompasses current voting techniques and allows further extensions that yield lower expected WER. It also allows incorporation of loss functions other than the WER. We present a derivation of voting procedure of N-best ROVER as an instance of segmental MBR recognition. We then present an extension, called e-ROVER, that alleviates some of the restrictions of N-best ROVER by better approximating the WER. e-ROVER is compared with N-best ROVER on multi-lingual acoustic modeling task and is shown to yield modest yet signiﬁcant and easily obtained improvements. We a derivation of voting procedure of N-best ROVER an of MBR We present an extension, called e-ROVER, that alleviates some of the restrictions of N-best ROVER by better approximating the WER. e-ROVER is compared with N-best ROVER on multi-lingual acoustic modeling task and is shown to yield modest yet signiﬁcant and obtained improvements.
Hospital Strategies Associated With 30-Day Readmission Rates for Patients With Heart Failure

Background—Reducing hospital readmission rates is a national priority; however, evidence about hospital strategies that are associated with lower readmission rates is limited. We sought to identify hospital strategies that were associated with lower readmission rates for patients with heart failure. Methods and Results—Using data from a Web-based survey of hospitals participating in national quality initiatives to reduce readmission (n=599; 91% response rate) during 2010–2011, we constructed a multivariable linear regression model, weighted by hospital volume, to determine strategies independently associated with risk-standardized 30-day readmission rates (RSRRs) adjusted for hospital teaching status, geographic location, and number of staffed beds. Strategies that were associated with lower hospital RSRRs included the following: (1) partnering with community physicians or physician groups to reduce readmission (0.33% percentage point lower RSRRs; P=0.017), (2) partnering with local hospitals to reduce readmissions (0.34 percentage point; P=0.020), (3) having nurses responsible for medication reconciliation (0.18 percentage point; P=0.002), (4) arranging follow-up appointments before discharge (0.19 percentage point; P=0.037), (5) having a process in place to send all discharge paper or electronic summaries directly to the patient’s primary physician (0.21 percentage point; P=0.004), and (6) assigning staff to follow up on test results that return after the patient is discharged (0.26 percentage point; P=0.049). Although statistically significant, the magnitude of the effects was modest with individual strategies associated with less than half a percentage point reduction in RSRRs; however, hospitals that implemented more strategies had significantly lower RSRRs (reduction of 0.34 percentage point for each additional strategy). Conclusions—Several strategies were associated with lower hospital RSRRs for patients with heart failure.
Efficient and precise array access analysis

A number of existing compiler techniques hinge on the analysis of array accesses in a program. The most important task in array access analysis is to collect the information about array accesses of interest and summarize it in some standard form. Traditional forms used in array access analysis are sensitive to the complexity of array subscripts; that is, they are usually quite accurate and efficient for simple array subscripting expressions, but lose accuracy or require potentially expensive algorithms for complex subscripts. Our study has revealed that in many programs, particularly numerical applications, many access patterns are simple in nature even when the subscripting expressions are complex. Based on this analysis, we have developed a new, general array region representational form, called the linear memory access descriptor (LMAD). The key idea of the LMAD is to relate all memory accesses to the linear machine memory rather than to the shape of the logical data structures of a programming language. This form helps us expose the simplicity of the actual patterns of array accesses in memory, which may be hidden by complex array subscript expressions. Our recent experimental studies show that our new representation simplifies array access analysis and, thus, enables efficient and accurate compiler analysis.
Clinical Experiences with the Hydrosurgical Debridement Tool at a Level I Trauma Hospital

The purpose of this current article is to report our increasing experience with the hydrosurgery device in debridement of a variety of wounds. 34 wounds in 14 patients with significant co-morbidities were debrided mainly by the hydrosurgery system in addition to cold knife that was used for minor eschar excision. The advantages of the hydrodebridement, technical tips during its application, limitations and disadvantages in wound bed preparation were reviewed and discussed based on our experience and current literature.
Fingernail with static and dynamic force sensing

We report on our development of sensorized fingernails for mechatronical hands. Our proposed design can capture static and dynamic interaction forces with the nail and provide basic information about the direction of the main force vector. Over the course of several iterations, we have developed a very compact working prototype that fits together with our previously developed multi cell MID-based tactile fingertip sensor into the cavity of a finger of a Shadow Robot Hand, a robotic hand roughly the size of an average male hand. High sensitivity combined with robustness for daily use are the key features describing our proposed design.
Stability, Bifurcation and Chaos Analysis of Vector-Borne Disease Model with Application to Rift Valley Fever

This paper investigates a RVF epidemic model by qualitative analysis and numerical simulations. Qualitative analysis have been used to explore the stability dynamics of the equilibrium points while visualization techniques such as bifurcation diagrams, Poincaré maps, maxima return maps and largest Lyapunov exponents are numerically computed to confirm further complexity of these dynamics induced by the seasonal forcing on the mosquitoes oviposition rates. The obtained results show that ordinary differential equation models with external forcing can have rich dynamic behaviour, ranging from bifurcation to strange attractors which may explain the observed fluctuations found in RVF empiric outbreak data, as well as the non deterministic nature of RVF inter-epidemic activities. Furthermore, the coexistence of the endemic equilibrium is subjected to existence of certain number of infected Aedes mosquitoes, suggesting that Aedes have potential to initiate RVF epidemics through transovarial transmission and to sustain low levels of the disease during post epidemic periods. Therefore we argue that locations that may serve as RVF virus reservoirs should be eliminated or kept under control to prevent multi-periodic outbreaks and consequent chains of infections. The epidemiological significance of this study is: (1) low levels of birth rate (in both Aedes and Culex) can trigger unpredictable outbreaks; (2) Aedes mosquitoes are more likely capable of inducing unpredictable behaviour compared to the Culex; (3) higher oviposition rates on mosquitoes do not in general imply manifestation of irregular behaviour on the dynamics of the disease. Finally, our model with external seasonal forcing on vector oviposition rates is able to mimic the linear increase in livestock seroprevalence during inter-epidemic period showing a constant exposure and presence of active transmission foci. This suggests that RVF outbreaks partly build upon RVF inter-epidemic activities. Therefore, active RVF surveillance in livestock is recommended.
Trace Analysis for Conformance and Arbitration Testing

The authors explore a testing approach where the concern for selecting the appropriate test input provided to the implementation under test (IUT) is separated as much as possible from the analysis of the observed output. Particular emphasis is placed on the analysis of the observed interactions of the IUT in order to determine whether the observed input/output trace conforms to the IUT's specification. The authors consider this aspect of testing with particular attention to testing of communication protocol implementations. Various distributed test architectures are used for this purpose, where partial input/output traces are observable by local observers at different interfaces. The error-detection power of different test configurations is determined on the basis of the partial trace visible to each local observer and their global knowledge about the applied test case. The automated construction of trace analysis modules from the formal specification of the protocol is also discussed. Different transformations of the protocol specification may be necessary to obtain the reference specification, which can be used by a local or global observer for checking the observed trace. Experience with the construction of an arbiter for the OSI (open systems interconnection) transport protocol is described. >
Toward the Integration of Traditional and Agile Approaches

The agile approach uses continuous delivery, instead of distinct procedure, to work closer with customers and to respond faster requirement changes. All of these are against the traditional plan driven approach. Due to agile method’s characteristics and its success in the real world practices, a number of discussions regarding the differences between agile and traditional approaches emerged recently and many studies intended to integrate both methods to synthesize the benefits from these two sides. However, this type of research often concludes from observations of a development activity or surveys after a project. To provide a more objective supportive evidence of comparing these two approaches, our research analyzes the source codes, logs, and notes. We argue that the agile and traditional approaches share common characteristics, which can be considered as the glue for integrating both methods. In our study, we collect all the submissions from the version control repository, and meeting notes and discussions. By applying our suggested analysis method, we illustrate the shared properties between agile and traditional approaches; thus, different development phases, like implementation and test, can still be identified in agile development history. This result not only provides a positive result for our hypothesis but also offers a suggestion for a better integration.
Working Paper No . 2010 / 27 Parsing the Urban Poverty Puzzle

This paper describes the methodology of a longitudinal multi-generational study in the favelas (shantytowns) of Rio de Janeiro from 1968 to 2008. Major political transformations took place in Brazil during this interval: from dictatorship to ‘opening’ to democracy; major economic transformations from ‘miracle’ boom to hyperinflation and crisis, and to relative stability; and major policy changes from the removal of favelas to their upgrading and integration. However, despite the cumulative effects of these contextual changes, poverty programmes and community efforts, the favela population has continued to grow faster than the rest of the city and the number and size of the favelas has consistently increased over these decades.
Improving the accuracy of rule-based equivalence checking of system-level design descriptions by identifying potential internal equivalences

Rule-based equivalence checking of system-level design descriptions proves the equivalence of two system-level design descriptions by applying the equivalence rules in a bottom-up manner. Since the previous work derives the equivalence of the internal variables based on their names, the method often fails to prove the equivalence when the variable names are changed. This paper proposes a method for improving the accuracy of the rule-based equivalence checking by identifying potential internal equivalences using random simulation. Experimental results using an example design show that the proposed method can prove the equivalence of the designs before and after a practical design optimization.
Small Unsatisfiable Subsets in Constraint Satisfaction

The problem of finding small unsatisfiable subsets of a set of constraints is important for various applications in computer science and artificial intelligence. We study the problem of identifying whether a given instance to the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) has an unsatisfiable subset of size at most k from a parameterized complexity point of view. We show that the problem of finding small unsatisfiable subsets of a CSP instance is harder than the corresponding problem for CNF formulas. Moreover, we show that the problem is not fixed-parameter tractable when restricting the problem to any maximal tractable Boolean constraint language (for which the problem is nontrivial). We show that the problem is hard even when the maximum number of occurrences of any variable is bounded by a constant, a restriction which leads to fixed-parameter tractability for the case of CNF formulas. Finally, we relate the problem of finding small unsatisfiable subsets to the problem of identifying variable assignments that are enforced already by a small number of constraints (backbones), or that are ruled out already by a small number of constraints (anti-backbones).
Global Identification of Human Transcribed Sequences with Genome Tiling Arrays

Elucidating the transcribed regions of the genome constitutes a fundamental aspect of human biology, yet this remains an outstanding problem. To comprehensively identify coding sequences, we constructed a series of high-density oligonucleotide tiling arrays representing sense and antisense strands of the entire nonrepetitive sequence of the human genome. Transcribed sequences were located across the genome via hybridization to complementary DNA samples, reverse-transcribed from polyadenylated RNA obtained from human liver tissue. In addition to identifying many known and predicted genes, we found 10,595 transcribed sequences not detected by other methods. A large fraction of these are located in intergenic regions distal from previously annotated genes and exhibit significant homology to other mammalian proteins.