Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transverse-longitudinal coupling by space charge in cyclotrons

A method is presented that enables to compute the parameters of matched beams with space charge incyclotrons with emphasis on the eﬀect of the transverse-longitudinal coupling. Equations describing thetransverse-longitudinal coupling and corresponding tune-shifts in ﬁrst order are derived for the model ofan azimuthally symmetric cyclotron. The eigenellipsoid of the beam is calculated and the transfer matrixis transformed into block-diagonal form. The inﬂuence of the slope of the phase curve on the transverse-longitudinal coupling is accounted for. The results are generalized and numerical procedures for the case ofan AVF cyclotron are presented. The algorithm is applied to the PSI Injector II and Ring cyclotron and theresults are compared to TRANSPORT.PACS numbers: 77.22. Jp,29.20. dg,41.85. LcKeywords: cyclotrons, space charge eﬀects, beam matching
Aocs Design for a 160-M, 450-KG Solar Sail Spacecraft of the Solar Polar Imager Mission

An attitude and orbit control system (AOCS) is developed for a 160-m, 450-kg solar sail spacecraft of the Solar Polar Imager (SPI) mission. The SPI sailcraft first spirals inwards from 1 AU to a heliocentric circular orbit at 0.48 AU, followed by a cranking orbit phase to achieve a science mission orbit at a 75-deg inclination, over a total sailing time of 6.6 yr. The solar sail will be jettisoned after achieving the science mission orbit. This paper focuses on the solar sailing phase of the SPI mission, with emphasis on the design of a baseline AOCS consisting of a propellantless primary ACS and a microthruster-based secondary (backup) ACS. A 70-deg pitch reorientation within 3 hrs every half orbit during the orbit cranking phase is shown to be feasible for possible solar observations even during the 5-yr cranking orbit phase.
CO/H2 ABUNDANCE RATIO ≈ 10−4 IN A PROTOPLANETARY DISK

The relative abundances of atomic and molecular species in planet-forming disks around young stars provide important constraints on photochemical disk models and provide a baseline for calculating disk masses from measurements of trace species. A knowledge of absolute abundances, those relative to molecular hydrogen (H2), are challenging because of the weak rovibrational transition ladder of H2 and the inability to spatially resolve different emission components within the circumstellar environment. To address both of these issues, we present new contemporaneous measurements of CO and H2 absorption through the “warm molecular layer” of the protoplanetary disk around the Classical T Tauri Star RW Aurigae A. We use a newly commissioned observing mode of the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph to detect warm H2 absorption in this region for the first time. An analysis of the emission and absorption spectrum of RW Aur shows components from the accretion region near the stellar photosphere, the molecular disk, and several outflow components. The warm H2 and CO absorption lines are consistent with a disk origin. We model the 1092–1117 Å spectrum of RW Aur to derive log10 N(H2) = 19.90 cm−2 at Trot(H2) = 440 ± 39 K. The CO A – X bands observed from 1410 to 1520 Å are best fit by log10 N(CO) = 16.1 cm−2 at Trot(CO) = 200 K. Combining direct measurements of the H i, H2, and CO column densities, we find a molecular fraction in the warm disk surface of fH2 ⩾ 0.47 and derive a molecular abundance ratio of CO/H2 = 1.6 × 10−4, both consistent with canonical interstellar dense cloud values.
Control Issues: Examining the Relationship between Low Self-Control and Intimate Partner Violence for both Perpetrators and Victims

Gottfredson and Hirschi’s (1990) low self-control theory is linked to individual-level non-violent and violent criminal offending. In this study, we examine secondary-data collected from a transnational sample of survey respondents (n = 17404) to test a predictive model of low self-control on outcomes related to intimate partner violence for both perpetrators and victims. We control for several variables related to socio-demographic characteristics, substance use history, and deviance history when we test our model using logistic regression analysis. The results from our analysis indicates that a unidimensional measure of low self-control is a consistent and statistically significant predictor of outcomes related to intimate partner violence, even when control variables are entered into the model. These findings have strong policy implications for identifying risk-factors and interventions associated with intimate partner violence.
The validity of ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in North Korean defectors using the International Trauma Questionnaire

ABSTRACT Background: The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) is a self-report assessment focused on the core features of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD). It is consistent with the organizing principles of the 11th revision to the WHO's International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Since the 1990s, the number of North Korean defectors (NKD) entering South Korea to escape human rights violations has been increasing rapidly, with 33,815 NKD settled by 2021. The South Korean government faces an important challenge in supporting NKD to successfully adapt and settle in South Korean society. NKD experience various traumatic events during the process of defecting and repatriation. Therefore, it is essential to understand the psychological disorders of NKD, especially PTSD and CPTSD. Objective: This study aimed to test the validity of the ITQ assessment and explore the differences in symptoms and quality of life between PTSD and CPTSD. Method: The study sample comprised 503 trauma-exposed NKD. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and latent class analysis (LCA) were used to evaluate the validity of ITQ. One-way analysis of variances and post-hoc analyses revealed the difference in the Depression and Somatic Symptoms Scale (DSSS) and WHOQOL-BREF results among PTSD and CPTSD symptom LCA classes. Results: The CFA and LCA results supported the ICD-11 conceptualization of PTSD and CPTSD in NKD. The CFA results confirmed that both the first- and second-order models were statistically fit, but for community-dwelling NKD the first-order model had better model fit than the second-order model. The LCA findings revealed a four-class model with ‘PTSD’, ‘CPTSD’, ‘DSO’, and ‘low symptom’ classes. Compared to the PTSD class, CPTSD class had higher levels of depression and somatic symptoms and a lower quality of life. Conclusion: This study provided evidence that ITQ is a valid tool to assess PTSD or CPTSD in community-dwelling NKD. HIGHLIGHTS First study to test validity of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD for NKD with a Korean version of the ITQ. Provided evidence that ITQ is a valid tool to assess PTSD or CPTSD in NKD. Results revealed that depression and somatic symptoms and quality of life were different for PTSD and CPTSD, and that CPTSD was worse than PTSD.
Étude du formalisme multifractal pour les fonctions

L'objet de cette these est l'analyse multifractale des fonctions autosimilaires et l'etude de la validite du formalisme multifractal. Il s'agit d'abord de determiner la regularite Holderienne ponctuelle exacte pour des fonctions dont le graphe localement est grossierement une contraction du graphe complet, a une fonction erreur pres ; ensuite de calculer les dimensions de Hausdorff des ensembles de points ou la fonction presente la meme singularite; et enfin de verifier les conjectures de Frish et Parisi et celle d'Arneodo, Bacry et Muzy, qui relient ces dimensions a des quantites moyennes extraites de la fonction. Nous etudions plusieurs types d'autosimilarites, et montrons (en reformulant parfois) que l'analyse par ondelettes permet d'etudier la validite de ces relations.
Automatic liver tumor segmentation on multiphase computed tomography volume using SegNet deep neural network and K‐means clustering

Liver and liver tumor segmentations are essential in computer‐aided systems for diagnosing liver tumors. These systems must operate on multiphase computed tomography (CT) images instead of a single phase for accurate diagnosis for clinical applications. We have proposed a framework that can perform segmentation from quadriphasic CT data. The liver was segmented using a fine‐tuned SegNet model and the liver tumor was segmented using the K‐means clustering method coupled with a power‐law transformation‐based image enhancement technique. The best values for liver segmentation achieved were: Dice Coefficient = 96.46 ± 0.48%, Jaccard Index = 93.16 ± 0.89%, volumetric overlap error = 6.84 ± 0.89% and average symmetric surface distance = 0.59 ± 0.3 mm and the results for liver tumor delineation were Dice Coefficient = 85.07 ± 4.5%, Jaccard Index = 74.29 ± 6.8%, volumetric overlap error = 25.71 ± 6.8% and average symmetric surface distance = 1.14 ± 1.3 mm. The proposed liver segmentation method based on deep learning is fully automatic, robust, and effective for all phases. The image enhancement technique has shown promising results and aided in better liver tumor segmentation. The liver tumors were segmented satisfactorily; however, improvements concerning false positive reduction can further increase the accuracy.
APAI VDR GENE POLYMORPHISM: CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN THAI POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

Osteoporosis is most common bone disease in elders, which is defined by loss of bone density with higher risk of bone fracture. Many studies have focused on relationship of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene variation and risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. However, Apa I VDR gene polymorphism is sparely reported among Thai population. This study was proposed to evaluate genotypic polymorphism of Apa I (T>G; rs7975232) VDR gene polymorphism between risk and control groups in postmenopausal women. In addition, bone mineral density (BMD) screening and other bone related markers were also measured. Results was shown that BMI, BMD, calcium and ALP of risk and control groups were significantly different. Mean of BMI in control group was trended to overweight and mean of BMD in risk group was osteopenia. Therefore, calcium and ALP in both groups were within reference range. The genotypic frequencies of risk group were 15.2% (n = 7) wild type (TT); 63.1% (n = 29) heterozygous variant (TG); and 21.7% (n = 10) homozygous variant (GG). Controls were 16.7% (n = 4) wild type (TT); 70.8% (n = 17) heterozygous variant (TG); and 12.5% (n = 3) homozygous variant (GG). Odd ratio of osteoporosis in Apa I heterozygous (TG) and homozygous (GG) variants were significantly increased in risked postmenopausal women (p<0.02 and <0.001, respectively). Homozygous variant (GG) was highest OR value (OR = 1.90, 1.04-4.32). Genotypic of Apa I VDR gene is useful to evaluate occurrence of osteoporosis especially in Thai postmenopausal women who are carried homozygous variant.
The Daily Me Versus the Daily Others: How Do Recommendation Algorithms Change User Interests? Evidence from a Knowledge-Sharing Platform

Recommender systems on online platforms are often accused of polarizing user attention and consumption. The authors examine this phenomenon using a quasi-experiment conducted by Zhihu, the largest online knowledge-sharing platform (or Q&A community) in China. Zhihu originally used a content-based filtering algorithm, which recommends content to users on the basis of the topics to which each user has subscribed. After more than a year, Zhihu moved to a social filtering algorithm, which recommends content with which users’ social connections are already engaged. The authors find that this algorithm change increased the creation of social ties by approximately 15% but decreased question subscriptions by 20% and answer contributions by 23%. The authors show that users’ increased social interests mainly involved following popular users, leading to a greater concentration of social interests on the platform. However, users’ topical interests became less concentrated, as popular topics received significantly fewer subscribers than unpopular topics. The authors explain these findings by exploring the underlying mechanism. They show that compared with content-based filtering algorithms, social filtering algorithms are more likely to expose general users to content consumed by their followees, who are more interested in niche topics than general users are.
Precession resonance in water waves

We describe the theory and present numerical evidence for a new type of nonlinear resonant interaction between gravity waves on the surface of deep water. The resonance constitutes a generalisation of the usual 'exact' resonance as we show that exchanges of energy between the waves can be enhanced when the interaction is three-wave rather than four and the linear frequency mismatch, or detuning, is non-zero i.e. $\omega_1\pm\omega_2\pm\omega_3 \neq0. $ This is possible because the resonance condition is now a match between the so-called 'precession frequency' of a given $\textit{triad interaction}$ and an existent nonlinear frequency in the system. In the limit of weak nonlinearity this precession frequency is simply due to the linear 'drift' of the triad phase; therefore, it tends toward the detuning. This means precession resonance of this type can occur at finite amplitudes, with nonlinear corrections contributing to the resonance. We report energy transfer efficiencies of up to 40%, depending on the model options. To the authors' knowledge this represents the first new type of nonlinear resonance in surface gravity waves since the seminal work of Benjamin & Feir (1967).
Polarization in microlensing events towards the Galactic bulge

Gravitational microlensing, when finite size source effects are relevant, provides a unique tool for the study of source star stellar atmospheres through an enhancement of a characteristic polarization signal. This is due to the differential magnification induced during the crossing of the source star. In this paper, we consider a specific set of reported highly magnified, both single and binary exoplanetary systems, microlensing events towards the Galactic bulge and evaluate the expected polarization signal. For this purpose, we consider several polarization models which apply to different types of source stars: hot, late type main sequence and cool giants. As a result we compute the polarization signal P, which goes up to P = 0.04 per cent for late-type stars and up to a few per cent for cool giants, depending on the underlying physical polarization processes and atmosphere model parameters. Given an I-band magnitude at a maximum magnification of about 12 and a typical duration of the polarization signal up to 1 d, we conclude that the currently available technology, in particular the polarimeter in FOcal Reducer and low dispersion Spectrograph 2 (FORS2) on the Very Large Telescope (VLT), potentially may allow the detection of such signals. This observational programme may take advantage of the currently available surveys plus follow-up strategy already routinely used for microlensing monitoring towards the Galactic bulge (aimed at the detection of exoplanets). In particular, this allows one to predict in advance for which events and at which exact time the observing resources may be focused to make intensive polarization measurements.
The 6dF Galaxy Survey: bulk flows on 50-70 h(-1) Mpc scales

We measure the bulk flow of the local Universe using the 6dF Galaxy Survey peculiar velocity sample (6dFGSv), the largest and most homogeneous peculiar velocity sample to date. 6dFGSv is a Fundamental Plane sample of ~104 peculiar velocities covering the whole Southern hemisphere for galactic latitude |b| > 10°, out to redshift z = 0.0537. We apply the 'minimum variance' bulk flow weighting method, which allows us to make a robust measurement of the bulk flow on scales of 50 and 70 h Mpc. We investigate and correct for potential bias due to the lognormal velocity uncertainties, and verify our method by constructing Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) 6dFGSv mock catalogues incorporating the survey selection function. For a hemisphere of radius 50 h Mpc we find a bulk flow amplitude of U = 248 ± 58 km s-1 in the direction (l, b) = (318° ± 20°, 40° ± 13°), and for 70 h Mpc we find U = 243 ± 58 km s-1, in the same direction. Our measurement gives us a constraint on σ of 1.01 . Our results are in agreement with other recent measurements of the direction of the bulk flow, and our measured amplitude is consistent with a ΛCDM prediction.
Saturation, Heu, And Normalized Color: Calculation, Digitization Effects, and Use.

Abstract : Three transformations used in the analysis of tricolor natural scenes are analyzed. All have nonremovable singularities, near which they are highly unstable. Given digital input, the distribution of their transformed balues is highly nonuniform, characterized by spurious modes and gaps. These effects are quantified and illustrated. In addition, a significantly faster algorithm for hue is derived. Image segmentation techniques of edge detection, region growing cluster, and region splitting are affected arbitrarily badly by such problems. Some stratagems are illustrated that help minimize the bad behavior. Linear transformations are presented as a generally favorable alternative to these three nonlinear ones. (Author)
Educational leadership styles and its relationship to job satisfaction among secondary school teachers Hafar Al- Batin Governorate

The current study aimed to reveal the patterns of educational leadership and its relationship to job satisfaction among secondary school teachers in Hafr Al- Batin Governorate. Al- Batin, and the results of the study showed that the degree of practice of secondary school principals in Hafr Al- Batin governorate of educational leadership styles from the teachers’ point of view; It came with an arithmetic average (2.88 out of 5), i.e. with a (medium) degree of practice. At the level of the domains, the democratic pattern got an average (3.75), i.e. with a (high) practice degree; Then the dictatorship with an average of (2.55), And third: The Chaotic pattern with an average of (2.32), both of which are at a (low) degree, and the level of job satisfaction of the female teachers from their point of view; It came with an average of (3.62 out of 5), with a (high) level of satisfaction. It also found a direct (positive) relationship between the democratic leadership style and the level of job satisfaction, and an inverse (negative) relationship between the two leadership styles (dictatorship and chaotic), and the level of job satisfaction, and in light of Results The researcher recommended applying the proposals that contribute to enhancing the practice of educational leadership styles of secondary school principals in Hafr Al- Batin Governorate. This helps in developing job satisfaction among teachers. Keywords: Leadership styles, educational leadership, job satisfaction, secondary schools in Hafr Al- Batin Governorate الملخص بالعربية: الملخص: هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى الكشف عن أنماط القيادة التربوية وعلاقتها بالرضا الوظيفي لدى معلمات المرحلة الثانوية في محافظة حفر الباطن، واستخدمت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي بأسلوبيه (المسحي، والارتباطي)، وتمثلت الأداة في استبانة تم توزيعها على عينة بلغت (297) معلمة بالمدارس الثانوية في محافظة حفر الباطن، وبينت نتائج الدراسة أن درجة ممارسة مديرات المدارس الثانوية في محافظة حفر الباطن لأنماط القيادة التربوية من وجهة نظر المعلمات؛ جاءت بمتوسط حسابي (2.88 من5)، أي بدرجة ممارسة (متوسطة) وعلى مستوى المجالات؛ حصل النمط الديمقراطي على أعلى متوسط (3.75) أي بدرجة ممارسة (عالية)؛ ثم الديكتاتوري بمتوسط (2.55)، وثالثاً: النمط التسيبي بمتوسط (2.32)، وكلاهما بدرجة (متدنية) كما أن مستوى الرضا الوظيفي لدى المعلمات من وجهة نظرهن؛ جاء بمتوسط (3.62 من5)، أي بمستوى رضا (عالٍ)، كما توصلت إلى وجود علاقة طردية (موجبة) بين نمط القيادة الديمقراطي ومستوى الرضا الوظيفي، وعلاقة عكسية (سالبة) بين نمطي القيادة (الديكتاتوري والتسيبي)، ومستوى الرضا الوظيفي، وفي ضوء النتائج أوصت الباحثة بتطبيق المقترحات التي تسهم في تعزيز ممارسة أنماط مديرات المدارس الثانوية في محافظة حفر الباطن لأنماط القيادة التربوية؛ بما يساعد في تنمية الرضا الوظيفي لدى المعلمات. الكلمات المفتاحية: أنماط القيادة، القيادة التربوية، الرضا الوظيفي، مدارس المرحلة الثانوية، محافظة حفر الباطن.
MHD Activity in GOL-3 during Injection of Long-Pulse Electron Beam

Magnetic activity of plasma during the injection of 2-8 MW non-relativistic electron beam of sub-millisecond duration in GOL-3 is studied. The main parameters of fluctuations of the magnetic field are discussed. In most experiments the m = 1 azimuthal mode has the largest value, although, higher modes stay significant. Amplitude of the largest perturbations is ~1/2 of the beam radius. The phase grows monotonically, rotational velocity agrees well with the expected E×B drift. Longitudinal velocity of the fluctuations was also measured, its value v ~ 107 cm/s is close to the ion sound speed for Te ~ 100 eV.
Control Optimization Design of Radio Frequency Identification Technology in IoT Express Logistics Distribution System

In order to solve the problems of high consumption cost and long transportation and distribution cycle of cross-border logistics, a control optimization design method of radio frequency identification technology in the express logistics distribution system of the Internet of Things is proposed. The details of the method are RFID positioning technology, laser ranging technology, RFID and laser fusion positioning feasibility analysis, and moving target state estimation. The experimental results show that when the phase shift threshold φ and the included angle of the antenna are 90°, the error can be reduced to 0.36 m, and the recognition rate can be increased to 94.8%. The simulation results show that, on the premise of meeting the customer’s expectation of timeliness, the actual logistics distribution cost is significantly lower than the customer’s expected logistics distribution cost, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Galaxy Evolution: The DRaGONS Survey and Luminosity Functions With Photometric Redshifts

This thesis examines two complementary approaches to the study of galaxy evolution using multiwavelength large area galaxy surveys. The first part of the thesis focuses on a statistical study of the overall galaxy population, namely the evolution of galaxy luminosity functions, while the second part of the thesis aims to study an interesting population of rare galaxies selected based on their radio and optical properties, namely high redshift radio galaxies selected from SDSS and FIRST. We compute the luminosity function (LF) for the general galaxy population and as a function of type using photometric redshifts derived from the SDSS Southern Survey. We present a new maximum likelihood estimator and show that it accounts for the uncertainties associated with photometric redshifts. In addition to three existing parameterizations, we introduce the use of cubic BSplines to fit the luminosity function. We show evidence for the evolution of the luminosity function, but defer much of the analysis until a better photometric redshift dataset is available. The second part of the thesis describes the Distant Radio Galaxies Optically Non- detected in SDSS (DRaGONS) survey. Our new selection criteria appear to be very efficient at identifying high redshift radio galaxies, including a substantial population of shallow spectrum radio sources missed by competing selection techniques. These sources, when confirmed, will have a dramatic effect on the empirical z-alpha relation. I describe the environment of early galaxy formation through the study of nearby Extremely Red Objects (EROs) and faint K-band galaxy counts. We find an excess number of faint EROs and galaxies around a subset of DRaGONS candidates, indicating that massive galaxies form in overdense environments. 10% of DRaGONS galaxies are redder than expected, which indicates moderate obscuration and the possible presence of ongoing star formation. These objects, which we dub Red DRaGONS, could represent a significant radio-loud population missing from optically selected AGN surveys.