Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developing a Digital Medication Adherence Intervention for and With Patients With Asthma and Low Health Literacy: Protocol for a Participatory Design Approach

Background Current eHealth interventions are poorly adopted by people with low health literacy (LHL) as they often fail to meet their needs, skills, and preferences. A major reason for this poor adoption is the generic, one-size-fits-all approach taken by designers of these interventions, without addressing the needs, skills, and preferences of disadvantaged groups. Participatory design approaches are effective for developing interventions that fit the needs of specific target groups; yet, very little is known about the practical implications of executing a participatory design project for and with people with LHL. Objective This study aimed to demonstrate the application of participatory design activities specifically selected to fit the needs and skills of people with LHL and how these were manifested within an overarching eHealth design process. In addition, the study aims to present reflections and implications of these activities that could support future designers to engage people with LHL in their design processes. Methods We used the design process of a smart asthma inhaler for people with asthma and LHL to demonstrate participatory design activities. The study was framed under 5 stages of design thinking: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test within 2 major iteration cycles. We integrated 3 participatory design activities deemed specifically appropriate for people with LHL: co-constructing stories, experience prototype exhibition, and video prototype evaluation. Results Co-constructing stories was found to deepen the understanding of the participant’s motivation to use or not to use maintenance medication. This understanding informed and facilitated the subsequent development of diverse preliminary prototypes of possible interventions. Discussing these prototypes in the experience prototype exhibition helped provoke reactions, thoughts, and feelings about the interventions, and potential scenarios of use. Through the video prototype evaluation, we were able to clearly communicate the goal and functionality of the final version of our intervention and gather appropriate responses from our participants. Conclusions This study demonstrates a participatory design approach for and with patients with asthma and LHL. We demonstrated that careful consideration and selection of activities can result in participants that are engaged and feel understood. This paper provides insight into the practical implications of participatory activities with people with LHL and supports and inspires future designers to engage with this disadvantaged target group.
INCIVIL BEHAVIOURS AT SCHOOL: SCALE DEVELOPMENT

This study aims to develop a School Incivility Scale (SIS) that measures the prevalence of uncivil behaviours at schools. The validity and reliability of the scale were assessed through three different studies. To ensure the structural validity of the scale, the EFA, CFA, item total correlation, and differential feature of items were calculated. The reliability of the scale was assessed through Cronbach alpha and the test repetition method. The analyses showed that the scale had a three-dimensional structure consisting of trivialization, snubbing, and privacy invasion. SIS is a valid and reliable scale that can be used to determine uncivil behaviours at school.
Loss of myocardial Hey2/Hrt2 function disrupts rightward shift of atrioventricular cushion tissue and causes tricuspid atresia

Endocardial cushion tissue is primordia of the valves and septa of the adult heart, and its malformation causes various congenital heart diseases (CHDs). Tricuspid atresia (TA) is defined as congenital absence or agenesis of the tricuspid valve caused by endocardial cushion defects. However, little is known about what type of endocardial cushion defect causes TA.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Lactate in Alzheimer Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Alzheimer Disease Pathology and the Role of Lactate

Abstract Functional 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) is a derivative of dynamic MRS imaging. This modality links physiologic metabolic responses with available activity and measures absolute or relative concentrations of various metabolites. According to clinical evidence, the mitochondrial glycolysis pathway is disrupted in many nervous system disorders, especially Alzheimer disease, resulting in the activation of anaerobic glycolysis and an increased rate of lactate production. Our study evaluates fMRS with J-editing as a cutting-edge technique to detect lactate in Alzheimer disease. In this modality, functional activation is highlighted by signal subtractions of lipids and macromolecules, which yields a much higher signal-to-noise ratio and enables better detection of trace levels of lactate compared with other modalities. However, until now, clinical evidence is not conclusive regarding the widespread use of this diagnostic method. The complex machinery of cellular and noncellular modulators in lactate metabolism has obscured the potential roles fMRS imaging can have in dementia diagnosis. Recent developments in MRI imaging such as the advent of 7 Tesla machines and new image reconstruction methods, coupled with a renewed interest in the molecular and cellular basis of Alzheimer disease, have reinvigorated the drive to establish new clinical options for the early detection of Alzheimer disease. Based on the latter, lactate has the potential to be investigated as a novel diagnostic and prognostic marker for Alzheimer disease.
Geometric hierarchies and parallel subdivision search

Geometric hierarchies have proven useful for the problems of point location in planar subdivisions and 2- and 3-dimensional convex polytope separation on a sequential model of computation. In this thesis, we formulate a geometric hierarchy paradigm (following the work of Dobkin and Kirkpatrick) and apply this paradigm to solve a number of computational geometry problems on a shared memory (PRAM) parallel model of computation. For certain problems, we describe what we call cooperative algorithms, algorithms which exploit parallelism in searching geometric hierarchies to solve their respective problems. For convex polygons, the geometric hierarchies are implicit and can be exploited in cooperative algorithms to compute convex polygon separation and to construct convex polygon separating/common tangents. The paradigm is also applied to the problem of tree contraction which is, in turn, applied to a number of specialized point location applications including the parallel construction of 2-dimensional Voronoi Diagrams. For point location in planar subdivisions, we present parallel algorithms to construct a subdivision hierarchy representation. A related convex polyhedra hierarchy is constructed similarly and applied to the parallel construction of 3-dimensional convex hulls. The geometric hierarchy paradigm is applied further to the design of a data structure which supports cooperative point location in general planar subdivisions. Again, a related polyhedral hierarchy can be used to exploit parallelism for a cooperative separation algorithm for convex polyhedra.
MALDImID: Spatialomics R package and Shiny app for more specific identification of MALDI imaging proteolytic peaks using LC‐MS/MS‐based proteomic biomarker discovery data

Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging of proteolytic peptides from formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue sections could be integrated in the portfolio of molecular pathologists for protein localization and tissue classification. However, protein identification can be very tedious using MALDI‐time‐of‐flight (TOF) and post‐source decay (PSD)‐based fragmentation. Hereby, we implemented an R package and Shiny app to exploit liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS)‐based proteomic biomarker discovery data for more specific identification of peaks observed in bottom‐up MALDI imaging data. The package is made available under the GPL 3 license. The Shiny app can directly be used at the following address: https://biosciences.shinyapps. io/Maldimid.
Prediction of Acute Myocardial Injury in Noncardiac Surgery in Patients at Risk for Major Adverse Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events: A Multivariable Risk Model

BACKGROUND: The best use of perioperative cardiac biomarkers assessment is still under discussion. Massive postoperative troponin surveillance can result in untenably high workloads and costs for health care systems and potentially harmful interventions for patients. In a cohort of patients at risk for major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), we aimed to (1) determine whether preoperative biomarkers can identify patients at major risk for acute myocardial injury in noncardiac surgery, (2) develop a risk model for acute myocardial injury prediction, and (3) propose an algorithm to optimize postoperative troponin surveillance. METHODS: Prospective, single-center cohort study enrolling consecutive adult patients (≥45 years) at risk for MACCE scheduled for intermediate-to-high-risk noncardiac surgery. Baseline high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) and N-terminal fragment of pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), as well as hsTnT on the first 3 postoperative days were obtained. The main outcome was the occurrence of acute myocardial injury. Candidate predictors of acute myocardial injury were baseline concentrations of hsTnT ≥14 ng/L and NT-proBNP ≥300 pg/mL and preoperative and intraoperative variables. A multivariable risk model and a decision curve were constructed. RESULTS: Of 732 patients, 42.1% had elevated hsTnT and 37.3% had elevated NT-proBNP levels at baseline. Acute myocardial injury occurred in 161 patients (22%). Elevated baseline hsTnT, found in 84% of patients with acute myocardial injury, was strongly associated with this outcome: odds ratio (OR), 12.08 (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.78–19.42). Logistic regression identified 6 other independent predictors for acute myocardial injury: age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <45 mL·min−1·1.73 m−2, functional capacity <4 METs or unknown, NT-proBNP ≥300 pg/mL, and estimated intraoperative blood loss. The c-statistic for the risk model was 77% (95% CI, 0.73–0.81). The net benefit of the model began at a risk threshold of 7%. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline determination of cardiac biomarkers in patients at risk for MACCE shortly before intermediate- or high-risk noncardiac surgery helps identify those with the highest risk for acute myocardial injury. A baseline hsTnT ≥14 ng/L indicates the need for postoperative troponin surveillance. In patients with baseline hsTnT <14 ng/L, our 6-predictor model will identify additional patients at risk for acute myocardial injury who may also benefit from postoperative surveillance.
Multiplying probe for accurate power measurements on an RF driven atmospheric pressure plasma jet applied to the COST reference microplasma jet

In this paper a new multiplying probe for measuring the power dissipated in a miniature capacitively coupled, RF driven, atmospheric pressure plasma jet (μAPPJ—COST Reference Microplasma Jet—COST RMJ) is presented. The approach aims for substantially higher accuracy than provided by traditionally applied methods using bi-directional power meters or commercially available voltage and current probes in conjunction with digitizing oscilloscopes. The probe is placed on a miniature PCB and designed to minimize losses, influence of unknown elements, crosstalk and variations in temperature. The probe is designed to measure powers of the order of magnitude of 0.1–10 W. It is estimated that it measures power with less than 2% deviation from the real value in the tested power range. The design was applied to measure power dissipated in COST-RMJ running in helium with a small addition of oxygen.
FA1 7 850 ON CONSTRUCTING A SHORTEST LINEAR RECURRENCE RELATION

In 1968, Berlekamp and Massey presented an algorithm to compute a shortest linear recurrence relation for a finite sequence of numbers. It was originally designed for the purpose of decoding certain types of block codes. It later became important for cryptographic applications, namely for determining the complexity profile of a sequence of numbers. Here, we interpret the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm in a system-theoretic way. We explicitly present the algorithm as an iterative procedure to construct a behavior. We conclude that this procedure is the most efficient method for solving the scalar minimal partial realization problem.
Relationship between adaptability during turning and the complexity of walking before turning in older adults

Abstract In this study, the relationship between behavioral complexity (sample entropy, SEn) during steady walking and the quickness of subsequent turning performance in older adults. Herein, healthy older and younger adults (n = 12 each) were instructed to walk straight and then turn into an intersection surrounded by four pylons. This walking task was performed under two turning conditions: reactive and pre-planned turning, where the direction of turning was unknown until immediately before turning or was informed beforehand, respectively. For older adults, behavioral complexity was comparable under both conditions, but was higher under reactive than pre-planned turning condition for younger adults. This suggests that older adults cannot adapt their walking patterns in response to turning conditions. Correlation analysis showed that older adults with lower SEn had more difficulty in turning rapidly under reactive turning condition, indicating a relationship between the two variables. Thus, deterioration of the reactive turning performance in older adults is related to stereotyped movements during steady walking.
Habituation of distress during exposure and its relationship to treatment outcome in post-traumatic stress disorder and prolonged grief disorder

ABSTRACT Background: Reliving distressing memories is a core component of treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and prolonged grief disorder (PGD). There is little understanding of how reliving these memories functions in the treatment of these disorders. Objective: This study investigated whether reliving functions comparably in the treatment of PTSD and PGD, and whether it is comparably related to treatment outcome. Method: This study conducted a reanalysis of patients with either PTSD (n = 55) or PGD (n = 45) who underwent treatments that comprised at least four sessions of reliving memories of either their traumatic experience or the loss of the deceased person. Results: PTSD participants displayed greater habituation of distress across sessions during reliving than PGD participants. Between-session reduction in distress during reliving was associated with symptom remission in PTSD, but this pattern was not observed in PGD. Conclusion: This pattern of findings indicates that although reliving appears to be a useful strategy for treating both PTSD and PGD, this strategy does not function comparably in the two conditions and may involve distinct mechanisms. HIGHLIGHTS Reliving distressing memories is key to treatment of PTSD and prolonged grief disorder. Distress during memory reliving habituated in PTSD treatment more than in treatment of grief. Habituation of distress during treatment predicted remission of symptoms in PTSD but not grief.
Vortex Rossby Waves in a Numerically Simulated Tropical Cyclone. Part II: The Role in Tropical Cyclone Structure and Intensity Changes*

Abstract In Part I, the author analyzed the asymmetric structure in the inner core of a numerically simulated tropical cyclone and found that the asymmetry near the eyewall in the mid–lower troposphere is dominated by wavenumber-1 and -2 vortex Rossby waves. These waves are found to be well coupled with asymmetries in eyewall convection and thus may play an important role in the life cycle of a tropical cyclone. In this paper, analyses are extended to include the role of these vortex Rossby waves in tropical cyclone structure and intensity changes. The waves are found to transport angular momentum from the eyewall to the eye, accelerating tangential winds in the eye at the expense of decelerating the tangential wind in the eyewall, and thus they play an important role in the inner core dynamics of the tropical cyclone. Convection in the eyewall is enhanced between the downstream trough and upstream ridge in the vortex Rossby waves but suppressed between the downstream ridge and upstream trough. This close.
UK alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of drinking motives, employment and subjective mental health

Background Previous investigations suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic effects on alcohol consumption were heterogenous and may vary as a function of structural and psychological factors. Research examining mediating or moderating factors implicated in pandemic-occasioned changes in drinking have also tended to use single-study cross-sectional designs and convenience samples. Aims: First, to explore structural (changed employment or unemployment) and psychological (subjective mental health and drinking motives) correlates of consumption reported during the COVID-19 pandemic using a UK nationally representative (quota sampled) dataset. Second, to determine whether population-level differences in drinking during the COVID-19 pandemic (versus pre-pandemic levels) could be attributable to drinking motives. Method: Data collected from samples of UK adults before and during the pandemic were obtained and analysed: Step1 carried out structural equation modelling (SEM) to explore data gathered during a period of social restrictions after the UK’s first COVID-19-related lockdown (27 August-15 September, 2020; n = 3,798). It assessed whether drinking motives (enhancement, social, conformity, coping), employment and the perceived impact of the pandemic on subjective mental health may explain between-person differences in self-reported alcohol consumption. Step 2 multigroup SEM evaluated data gathered pre-pandemic (2018; n = 7,902) in concert with the pandemic data from step 1, to test the theory that population-level differences in alcohol consumption are attributable to variances in drinking motives. Results: Analyses of the 2020 dataset detected both direct and indirect effects of subjective mental health, drinking motives, and employment matters (e.g., having been furloughed) on alcohol use. Findings from a multigroup SEM were consistent with the theory that drinking motives explain not only individual differences in alcohol use at both time points, but also population-level increases in use during the pandemic. Conclusion: This work highlights socioeconomic and employment considerations when seeking to understand COVID-19-related drinking. It also indicates that drinking motives may be particularly important in explaining the apparent trend of heightened drinking during the pandemic. Limitations related to causal inference are discussed.
Differential requirements for P stalk components in activating yeast protein kinase Gcn2 by stalled ribosomes during stress

Significance A conserved stress response involves inactivation of translation factor eIF2 by phosphorylation, reducing protein synthesis while upregulating key transcription factors. The eIF2-kinase Gcn2 is activated by amino acid starvation or by conditions that stall ribosomes without deacylating tRNAs, but whether the same mechanism applies in both circumstances was unclear. We show that yeast Gcn2 is activated by three conditions that elicit ribosome stalling without starvation: treatment with tigecycline, eliminating the gene encoding tRNAArgUCC, and depletion of termination factor eRF1. We demonstrate that components of the ribosomal P stalk are required for Gcn2 activation in these situations but dispensable in amino acid-starved cells. Thus, Gcn2 activation has different requirements for the P stalk depending on how ribosomes are stalled.
Research on force and position control performance of the tendon sheath system with time‐varying parameters and flexible robotic arms

The tendon‐sheath‐system (TSS) is an excellent medium for remote power transmission, which is widely used in laparoscopic surgery robots. Since the operation process requires the robot to move continuously, this time‐varying characteristic further aggravates the force and position transmission loss caused by the nonlinear friction of TSS, which affects the control accuracy of the surgical robot.
O uso dos serviços odontológicos no último ano na população brasileira: revisão sistemática com metanálise

Resumo O objetivo foi analisar os fatores associados ao uso dos serviços odontológicos no Brasil. A estratégia de revisão incluiu as bases PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, BBO, EMBASE, Scopus, WOS e Google Scholar, além de repositórios e bancos de dissertações e teses. Os estudos foram selecionados usando a estratégia PEO (população/exposição/desfechos). O desfecho deste estudo foi o uso dos serviços odontológicos no último ano pela população brasileira, tratado como variáveis dicotômicas para as análises: ≤ 1 ano e > 1 ano. Foi realizada uma metanálise de efeito randômico de Mantel-Haenszel, estimando-se razões de prevalência (RP) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Foram selecionados 94 estudos. A maioria (98%) tinha delineamento transversal, sendo 63% oriundos de dados primários. Para a metanálise, 25 estudos foram incluídos. O uso dos serviços odontológicos no último ano esteve associado com maior escolaridade (≥ 8 anos de estudo) (RP = 0,49, (IC95%: 0,39-0,60)); maior renda familiar (≥ 2 salários-mínimos) (RP = 0,79, (IC95%: 0,74-0,84)); e residir na zona urbana (RP = 0,79, (IC95%: 0,64-0,97)). A oferta de serviços odontológicos no Sistema Único de Saúde precisa ser ampliada entre pessoas com menor renda, menor escolaridade e moradores da zona rural.