Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A general one-pot strategy for the synthesis of high-performance transparent-conducting-oxide nanocrystal inks for all-solution-processed devices.

For all-solution-processed (ASP) devices, transparent conducting oxide (TCO) nanocrystal (NC) inks are anticipated as the next-generation electrodes to replace both those synthesized by sputtering techniques and those consisting of rare metals, but a universal and one-pot method to prepare these inks is still lacking. A universal one-pot strategy is now described; through simply heating a mixture of metal-organic precursors a wide range of TCO NC inks, which can be assembled into high-performance electrodes for use in ASP optoelectronics, were synthesized. This method can be used for various oxide NC inks with yields as high as 10 g. The formed NCs are of high crystallinity, uniform morphology, monodispersity, and high ink stability and feature effective doping. Therefore, the inks can be readily assembled into films with a surface roughness of 1.6 nm. Typically, a sheet resistance of 110 Ω sq(-1) can be achieved with a transmittance of 88%, which is the best performance for TCO NC ink-based electrodes described to date. These electrodes can thus drive a polymer light-emitting diode (PLED) with a luminance of 2200 cd m(-2) at 100 mA cm(-2).
Spatiotemporal Patterns of Ozone and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease Mortalities Due to Ozone in Shenzhen

In order to explore the temporal-spatial patterns and possible health effects of ozone in Shenzhen, daily concentrations of ozone and the daily mortality caused by cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were collected. Using Geographic Information System (GIS) and SPSS, the spatial and temporal patterns of ozone in Shenzhen were illustrated. Using a generalized additive model (GAM), the associations between ozone and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases causing mortality were analyzed, adjusted for meteorological factors and other major air pollutants including fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO), and stratified by lag, age, and gender. The results showed that, during 2013, ozone was the second main air pollutant in Shenzhen apart from PM2.5, with average daily concentrations of 95.9 µg/m3 and 76.8 µg/m3 for the ozone 1-h mean and the daily ozone 8-h maximum concentration, respectively. The daily level of ozone had a higher concentration from September to October, and relatively low concentration from May to June. Obviously, a higher concentration was found in central parts of Shenzhen with the largest population, indicating higher risks. The excess risk (ER) percentage of the cardio-respiratory mortality rate showed a clearly accumulative effect at L03, with the highest ER percentage of 1.08 (0.88–1.27) per 10 µg/m3 increase in the ozone 8-h maximum concentration for all the population. Males were found to be more sensitive to ozone compared with females, and the elderly were more susceptible to ozone exposure than younger people.
A REVIEW OF EARLY CONCEPTS OF AMYLOID IN CONTEXT WITH CONTEMPORARY CHEMICAL LITERATURE FROM 1839 TO 1859

Early concepts of amyloid are reviewed in context with chemical literature from 1839-1859. Cellulose was first described in 1839. Treatment with sulfuric acid converted cellulose into a substance which was colored blue by iodine. This cellulose derivative was called amyloid. Virchow applied the chemical tests for starch and cellulose to human tissues. The substance in waxy degeneration reacted like immature cellulose. Virchow did not coin the term amyloid for this substance but suggested it as a compromise. Virchow restricted the term amyloid to the carbohydrate moiety and explicitly excluded the protein fraction which he had described earlier. Friedreich and Kekulé (1859) studied an evidently impure sample of amyloid and concluded that it did not contain polysaccharides. Since then the protein moiety has been studied extensively, but the carbohydrate fraction has been largely neglected. It appears possible that investigations of the carbohydrates at sites of amyloid formation would aid the understanding of the pathogenesis of amyloidosis2.
Wealth Effect of Drug Withdrawals on Firms and Their Competitors

In this paper, we examine the impact of a drug withdrawal on shareholders of firms and their direct competitors. We find shareholders suffer significant wealth losses when there are reports of adverse drug reactions and when the firm actually withdraws a drug from the market. Additionally, shareholder wealth losses are inversely related to the firm’s market capitalization. Firms that withdraw drugs during advanced clinical investigations experience greater wealth loss than drugs withdrawn during post-marketing surveillance. Wealth losses are lower if many firms withdraw the same type of drug and if that drug has available substitutes.
Berberine attenuates adverse left ventricular remodeling and cardiac dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction in rats: Role of autophagy

The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that berberine, a plant‐derived anti‐oxidant, attenuates adverse left ventricular remodelling and improves cardiac function in a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI). Furthermore, the potential mechanisms that mediated the cardioprotective actions of berberine, in particular the effect on autophagy, were also investigated. Acute MI was induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery of Sprague‐Dawley rats. Cardiac function was assessed by transthoracic echocardiography. The protein activity/levels of autophagy related to signalling pathways (e.g. LC‐3B, Beclin‐1) were measured in myocardial tissue by immunohistochemical staining and western blot. Four weeks after MI, berberine significantly prevented cardiac dysfunction and adverse cardiac remodelling. MI rats treated with low dose berberine (10 mg/kg per day) showed higher left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening than those treated with high‐dose berberine (50 mg/kg per day). Both doses reduced interstitial fibrosis and post‐MI adverse cardiac remodelling. The cardioprotective action of berberine was associated with increased LC‐3B II and Beclin‐1 expressions. Furthermore, cardioprotection with berberine was potentially related to p38 MAPK inhibition and phospho‐Akt activation. The present in vivo study showed that berberine is effective in promoting autophagy, and subsequently attenuating left ventricular remodelling and cardiac dysfunction after MI. The potential underlying mechanism is augmentation of autophagy through inhibition of p38 MAPK and activation of phospho‐Akt signalling pathways.
Enrollment Management and Managing Enrollments: Revisiting the Context for Institutional Strategy

In this inaugural issue of the new SEM Quarterly, the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers (AACRAO) has asked us to provide an update on the first essay we authored in a series on strategic enrollment management (SEM) for College and University from 2008 through 2010. That essay was titled “Enrollment Management and Managing Enrollments: Setting the Context for Dialogue. ” In this updated essay, we have two goals: (1) to once again attempt to locate SEM and provide a context for enrollment management strategy and (2) to explore changes that have taken place in the last five years that we anticipate will significantly shape the future of SEM. In this essay, you will find much from our original article, as well as some updates, because in just five short years, much has changed.
Preferences or institutions? Work—family life opportunities in seven European countries

In her Work—Lifestyle Choices, Hakim argued that attitudinal factors like work—lifestyle preferences are more important than institutions or structures in explaining female employment. Our aim is to study whether we can substantiate Hakim's preference theory or whether we should lay more emphasis on institutional factors. We ask whether there are systematic differences in attitudes to work and family life as proposed by Hakim. To what extent do the attitudinal dimensions react to institutional variables such as day care and family leave possibilities? What are the relative roles of opinions on family life and working life and traditional sociological variables such as education, income and socio-economic status? How does a spouse's opinion affect women's choices (intra-family attitudinal consistency)? We utilize the International Social Survey Programme data from 2002 and combine it with indicators of the quality of child-care and parental-leave policies in Denmark, England, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. Our findings suggest that opinions matter but they are constrained by opportunity structures which are not alike for all women across different countries; opportunities depend not only on structural factors but also on institutional factors, such as the availability of day care. In addition, the opinion of male partners seems to influence women's decisions about employment.
Colicin V production by clinical isolates of Escherichia coli

Strains of Escherichia coli isolated from random fecal samples, urines of hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients who had urinary tract infections, and blood of patients with septicemia were examined for colicin V production. The percentage of ColV+ strains isolated from blood (31.6%) or from urines of hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections (26.2%) was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) than the percentage isolated from feces (13.6%). The colicin V immunity determinant of ColV,I-K94 conferred immunity to 26% of the type V colicins produced by clinical isolates. Of the ColV+ strains studied, 63.6% produced at least one other type of colicin.
Translation of Sindbis virus mRNA: analysis of sequences downstream of the initiating AUG codon that enhance translation

Alphaviruses, particularly Sinbis virus and Semliki Forest virus, are proving to be useful vectors for the expression of heterologous genes. In infected cells, these self-replicating vectors (replicons) transcribe a subgenomic mRNA that codes for a heterologous protein instead of the structural proteins. We reported recently that translation of the reporter gene lacZ is enhanced 10-fold when the coding sequences of this gene are fused downstream of and in frame with the 5' half of the capsid gene (I. Frolov and S. Schlesinger, J. Virol. 68:8111-8117, 1994). The enhancing sequences, located downstream of the AUG codon that initiates translation of the capsid protein, have a predicted hairpin structure. We have mutated this region by making changes in the codons which do not affect the protein sequence but should destabilize the putative hairpin structure. These changes caused a decrease in the accumulation of the capsid-beta-galactosidase fusion protein. When these alterations were inserted into the capsid gene in the context of the intact Sindbis virus genome, they led to a decrease in the rate of virus formation but did not affect the final yield. We also altered the original sequence to one that has 12 contiguous G.C base pairs and should form a stable hairpin. The new sequence was essentially as effective as the original had been in enhancement of translation and in the rate of virus formation. The position of the predicted hairpin structure is important for its function; an insertion of 9 nucleotides or a deletion of 9 nucleotides decreased the level of translation. The insertion of a hairpin structure at a particular location downstream of the initiating AUG appears to be a way that alphaviruses have evolved to enhance translation of their mRNA, and, as a consequence, they produce high levels of the structural proteins which are needed for virus assembly. This high level of translation requires an intracellular environment in which host cell protein synthesis is inhibited.
A Lyapunov approach to control of microgrids with a network-preserved differential-algebraic model

We provide sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability and optimal resource allocation for a network-preserved microgrid model with active and reactive power loads. The model considers explicitly the presence of constant-power loads as well as the coupling between the phase angle and voltage dynamics. The analysis of the resulting nonlinear differential algebraic equation (DAE) system is conducted by leveraging incremental Lyapunov functions, definiteness of the load flow Jacobian and the implicit function theorem.
Regular Stereo Matching Improvement System Based on Kinect-supporting Mechanism

In this paper, we built a stereoscopic video associated experimental model, which is referenced as Kinect-supporting improved stereo matching scheme. As the depth maps offered by the Kinect IR-projector are resolution-inadequate, noisy, distance-limited, unstable, and material-sensitive, the appropriated de-noising, stabilization and filtering are first performed for retrieving useful IR-projector depths. The disparities are linearly computed from the refined IR-projector depths to provide specifically referable disparity resources. By exploiting these resources with sufficiency, the proposed mechanism can lead to great enhancement on both speed and accuracy of stereo matching processing to offer better extra virtual view generation and the possibility of price-popularized IR-projector embedded stereoscopic camera.
Devolving human resource responsibilities to the line

Alternative hypotheses for the personnel function are presented, based on findings from four case study organisations which have devolved personnel responsibilities from a designated personnel department to line managers. The views of line managers and employees are sought to assess the effects of these changes. The study finds that devolved responsibilities of personnel are formally geared to securing commitment from employees by promoting an integrative culture of employee management through line managers. In practice, though, we find little evidence that personnel has succeeded in catalysing such changes. The case study findings do not point to any clear evidence of a general increase in influence for personnel practitioners following devolution. Tensions exist between line managers and personnel and the function appears to be vulnerable to further contraction. The study concludes that prospects for personnel following devolution are at best uncertain.
Three-Phase Asymmetric Transformer Aging Considering Voltage-Current Harmonic Interactions, Unbalanced Nonlinear Loading, Magnetic Couplings, and Hysteresis

A new aging calculation method for three-phase three-leg power transformers under (un)balanced and (non)sinusoidal operating conditions is proposed where the impacts of magnetic saturation, couplings, and hysteresis are accurately included. The aging estimation is carried out through a recently developed and validated time-domain model of a nonlinear three-phase three-leg transformer. The model outputs are used to compute aging based on Arrhenius' thermal reaction theory. The combined aging effects from transformer core asymmetry and load nonlinearity, as well as current and voltage harmonic interactions from nonsinusoidal input excitations and nonlinear loading are considered in the calculation. The model improves upon the conventional weighted harmonic factor (WHF) approach of aging estimation by direct evaluation of additional fundamental and harmonic losses generated by the iron-core, nonlinear loads, and terminal voltage distortions. The main contribution is a new transformer aging estimation method with wider applicability to three-phase transformers considering harmonic current-voltage interactions from unbalanced nonlinear loads, terminal voltage distortions and imbalances, as well as magnetic hysteresis and flux-coupling effects in asymmetric iron-core structures. Several case studies are presented for comparing the proposed model based aging method with the conventional WHF approach.
Geographical differentials in uptake of antenatal care services in Nigeria

ABSTRACT Uptake of antenatal care (ANC) is poor in Nigeria; however, there are geographical variations. We investigated the relationship between place of residence, region and ANC utilization in Nigeria. Using data of the most recent demographic and health survey, the geographic predictors of ANC were modeled. Women in the rural areas were 79% less likely to have the recommended four ANC visits. The odds of a woman in southern Nigeria having four ANC visit are 4.347 times the odds of a woman in northern Nigeria having the recommended ANC visit. We recommend increased coverage of maternal health services.
Post-Conflict tourism development in Sri Lanka: implications for building resilience

The 30 year war between the Sri Lankan government and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) had a considerable impact on the country's tourism industry. Yet, despite the war, the industry continued to exhibit a high level of resilience and since the end of the war international visitation has increased rapidly. This study, using a comprehensive review of literature and a series of interviews, examines the impact of the war on the industry as well as the government's post-conflict responses. Despite the rapid increase in international tourism numbers various concerns have been raised that government policies are likely to advantage large tourism operators and developers at the expense of small businesses in the informal sector. The development of the industry may also be at the expense of livelihoods of poorer members of society in other industries. A concentration on large-scale developments may reduce the resilience and therefore sustainability of the industry.
Community Justice and Juvenile Offender: The Management of an Individual Case with Criminal Slope with Community Involvement

This work examines how the Italian state follows the international guidelines relating to juvenile justice. Specifically, we consider the decree 448/88, which has some innovative features within the juvenile justice system compared to traditional models of retributive justice and punishment. This paper describes a case study application in reference to the concept of the Restorative Justice Community Oriented applies in Italy, highlighting the practical strategies implemented in the intervention. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014. v5n20p2015
Focus on environmental risks and migration: causes and consequences

Environmental change poses risks to societies, including disrupting social and economic systems such as migration. At the same time, migration is an effective adaptation to environmental and other risks. We review novel science on interactions between migration, environmental risks and climate change. We highlight emergent findings, including how dominant flows of rural to urban migration mean that populations are exposed to new risks within destination areas and the requirement for urban sustainability. We highlight the issue of lack of mobility as a major issue limiting the effectiveness of migration as an adaptation strategy and leading to potentially trapped populations. The paper presents scenarios of future migration that show both displacement and trapped populations over the incoming decades. Papers in the special issue bring new insights from demography, human geography, political science and environmental science to this emerging field.
Crystal Structures of Undecaprenyl Pyrophosphate Synthase in Complex with Magnesium, Isopentenyl Pyrophosphate, and Farnesyl Thiopyrophosphate

Undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase (UPPs) catalyzes the consecutive condensation reactions of a farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) with eight isopentenyl pyrophosphates (IPP), in which new cis-double bonds are formed, to generate undecaprenyl pyrophosphate that serves as a lipid carrier for peptidoglycan synthesis of bacterial cell wall. The structures of Escherichia coli UPPs were determined previously in an orthorhombic crystal form as an apoenzyme, in complex with Mg2+/sulfate/Triton, and with bound FPP. In a further search of its catalytic mechanism, the wild-type UPPs and the D26A mutant are crystallized in a new trigonal unit cell with Mg2+/IPP/farnesyl thiopyrophosphate (an FPP analogue) bound to the active site. In the wild-type enzyme, Mg2+ is coordinated by the pyrophosphate of farnesyl thiopyrophosphate, the carboxylate of Asp26, and three water molecules. In the mutant enzyme, it is bound to the pyrophosphate of IPP. The [Mg2+] dependence of the catalytic rate by UPPs shows that the activity is maximal at [Mg2+] = 1 mm but drops significantly when Mg2+ ions are in excess (50 mm). Without Mg2+, IPP binds to UPPs only at high concentration. Mutation of Asp26 to other charged amino acids results in significant decrease of the UPPs activity. The role of Asp26 is probably to assist the migration of Mg2+ from IPP to FPP and thus initiate the condensation reaction by ionization of the pyrophosphate group from FPP. Other conserved residues, including His43, Ser71, Asn74, and Arg77, may serve as general acid/base and pyrophosphate carrier. Our results here improve the understanding of the UPPs enzyme reaction significantly.
National Intellectual Capital and Economic Performance: Empirical Evidence from Developing Countries

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between national intellectual capital and economic performance in less developed countries. This study develops, measures, and tests a general model of the interrelationship among selected sub-components of national intellectual capital and its impact on economic performance in 148 developing countries. The results indicate that national intellectual capital explains 70 per cent of the variance in economic performance in developing nations. Findings also indicate that national relational capital is a critical component in achieving economic performance. A variety of sub-hypotheses were also tested and compared with those of the previous studies that focused on developed nations. The findings of this investigation contribute to the growing theory of national intellectual capital management by providing empirical evidence of the interrelationship among sub-components and their impact on economic performance. Investigating national intellectual capital provides insights into the derivative of economic performance in less developed countries. This helps policy makers to rethink the economic development drivers of their countries and to formulate strategies that leverage unique sources of competitiveness. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Optimal Structure of Law Enforcement

WHEN society endeavors to control undesirable behavior, it employs methods that differ in fundamental ways, and one wonders why it has made the choices that it evidently has. Why should society sometimes engage in outright prevention of acts-as when a policeman stops a person from shooting a gun-and other times employ the threat of sanctions to deter unwanted behavior-as when the state exacts fines for violation of safety regulations or imposes liability for causing harm? And when sanctions are applied, why should they sometimes be monetary in nature and at other times take the form of imprisonment? Further, why should society sometimes rely on private citizens to report violations of law, as happens under the tort system, and at other times resort to police or other public enforcement agents for that purpose? I will suggest in this article that these basic questions about the observed structure of law enforcement can be answered by reference to the theoretically optimal structure of enforcement; the actual pattern of enforcement seems to be broadly consistent with the pattern that is most effective in theory. To this end, I begin in Section I by defining socially desirable and socially undesirable acts. Next, in Section II, I set out what may be considered the principal dimensions of law enforcement and then describe important means of enforcement (including tort law, criminal law, and safety regulation) in terms of these dimensions. In Section III, I consider the determination of the theoretically optimal structure of en-