Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Quantity and Activity of Cytochrome P‐450 Isozymes in Primary Cultured Rat Hepatocytes

Hepatocytes from male Spragne‐Dawley rats pretreated with a cytochrome P‐450 inducer, 3‐methoxy‐4‐aminoazobenzene (3‐MeO‐AAB), 3‐methylcholanthrene (MC) or phenobarbital (PB), were cultured in vitro, and changes in the quantity and activity of microsomal cytochrome P‐450 isozymes in the cells were determined by means of immunochemical methods and a bacterial mutation test, respectively. The results of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies against rat P‐450 isozymes ‐ test using Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and carcinogenic aromatic amines. These results indicate that microsomal cytochrome P‐450c in primary cultured rat hepatocytes is more stable in culture, in terms of both quantity and activity, than cytochrome P‐450d and P‐450b/e.
An information transport dynamic load balancing policy based on software defined mobile networks

In the general architecture of software defined networks, controller often uses traditional OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) routing algorithm selecting the shortest path as the final single path when calculate networks' topology. This may cause the busy nodes will still receive large amount of transmission data requests when they had already blocked by current works. Especially in the environment of the mobile networks, the differences in data requests can suddenly cause some node data to be congested, while the other part is idle, both waste the resources of network and influence the quality of network service. This paper designs an all pairs shortest paths algorithm to calculate the topology information in the nodes of software defined networks regularly and put forward a congestion control strategy based on OpenFlow protocol to solve the problem of loading imbalanced of the data center networking of the software defined mobile networks. We elaborate on its overall framework and algorithm implementation process, and is proved by experimental simulation that the algorithm can relieve network congestion, improve network utilization and enhance the effectiveness of network stability.
Interpreting trends in cancer patient survival

Data on cancer patient survival are an invaluable tool in the evaluation of therapeutic progress against cancer as well as other lethal diseases. As with all quantitative information routinely used in evidence‐based clinical management – including diagnostic tests, prognostic markers and comparisons of therapeutic interventions – data on patient survival require evaluation based on an understanding of the underlying statistical methodology, methods of data collection and classification, and, most notably, clinical and biologic insight. This article contains an introduction to the methods used for estimating cancer patient survival, including cause‐specific survival, relative survival and period analysis. The methods, and their interpretation, are illustrated through presentation of trends in incidence, mortality and patient survival for a range of different cancers. Our aim was to lay out the strengths and limitations of survival analysis as a tool in the evaluation of progress in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Design Information

Introduction Instrumentation, waveform generation, data acquisition, feedback control systems and other application areas are beginning to utilize 16-bit data converters. More specifically, 16bit digital-to-analog converters (DACs) have seen increasing use. New components (see the sidebar “Components for 16-Bit Digital-to-Analog Conversion” on page 31) have made 16-bit DACs a practical design alternative. These ICs provide 16-bit performance at reasonable cost compared to previous modular and hybrid technologies. The DC and AC specifications of the monolithic DACs approach or equal previous converters at significantly lower cost.
Hypomethylation of CpG Sites and c‐myc Gene Overexpression in Hepatocellular Carcinomas, but Not Hyperplastic Nodules, Induced by a Choline‐deficient L‐Amino Acid‐defined Diet in Rats

We have investigated aberrant methylation of CpG nucleotides (CpG sites) and gene expression of c‐myc during hepatocarcinogenesis induced by a choline‐deficient, L‐amino acid‐defined (CDAA) diet in rats. Male Fischer 344 rats, 6 weeks old, were continuously given a CDAA diet for 50 and 75 weeks and then killed. Macroscopically detectable nodules, which were histologically confirmed to be hyperplastic nodules (HNs) or well‐differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), were dissected free from the surrounding tissue. Normal control liver was obtained from 6‐week‐old rats. Methylation of CpG sites of the c‐myc gene was investigated in bisulfite‐treated DNA isolated from normal liver, HNs and HCCs. All 33 cytosines in the 5′‐upstream region of the c‐myc gene were fully methylated in control liver and the 4 HNs. In contrast, these cytosines were completely unmethylated in 5 HCCs. Examination of the c‐myc expression by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis also showed a marked increase as compared to the low levels in normal livers and HNs. These results suggest that hypomethylation of the c‐myc gene might play a critical role in malignant transformation from HN to HCC during CDAA diet‐induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.
Loss of Heterozygosity on the Short Arm of Chromosome 9 without p16 Gene Mutation in Gastric Carcinomas

A putative tumor suppressor gene, p16 (MST1; multiple tumor suppressor 1/CDK4I; cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 inhibitor), was isolated and mapped on the short arm of chromosome 9 (9p). The significance of p16 mutations in gastric tumorigenesis was examined by assessing p16 mutations as well as loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 9p in 13 gastric adenomas and 45 adenocarcinomas. LOH on 9p (IFNA; α‐interferon locus) was detected in 22% (5/23 informative cases) of differentiated adenocarcinomas, 10% (1/10) of undifferentiated carcinomas and none (0/6) of the adenomas. Although we found a sequence polymorphism at the second position of codon 99 (CGC/CAC) of the p16 in one gastric adenoma patient, no somatic mutations were detected in any of the gastric adenomas or adenocarcinomas. These results suggest that p16 mutations probably do not contribute to gastric tumorigenesis. However, these data suggest that another tumor suppressor gene on 9p (near the IFNA locus) may contribute to the progression of differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach
Assessing the impact of environmental exposures and Cryptosporidium infection in cattle on human incidence of cryptosporidiosis in Southwestern Ontario, Canada

Cryptosporidium is a waterborne parasite that causes diarrheal disease in humans and in cattle. Risk factors for human illness include contact with surface water such as lakes and rivers, exposure to contaminated municipal drinking water, as well as zoonotic transmission from livestock and agriculture. The objectives of this study are twofold: 1) to describe the temporal distribution of cryptosporidiosis in Southwestern Ontario; and 2) to determine the distribution of human cryptosporidiosis, in relation to exposures such as cryptosporidium positive cattle farms, weather events, and hydrological factors. Seasonal trends in 214 bovine and 87 human cases were assessed using regression models that predicted monthly case counts in relation to observed monthly case counts. A case-crossover approach was used to evaluate acute associations between daily environmental exposures, such as weather, hydrology, the presence of Cryptosporidium positive cattle farms within the region, and the risk of human Cryptosporidium infection. Annual seasonality was found for both human cases and bovine cases with human cases peaking in mid-summer and bovine cases peaking in late winter to early spring. Bovine cases that occurred 21 days prior to human cases were associated with a three-fold increase in the odds of human case occurrence. At both 9 and 14 days prior to human case onset, the odds of a human case increased twofold per 10-degree Celsius increase in air temperature. These results provide a preliminary hypothesis for the zoonotic transmission of cryptosporidiosis from cattle to humans via the environment and suggest that the timing of environmental conditions in relation to case occurrence is biologically plausible.
A New CA125‐like Antigen (CA602) Recognized by Two Monoclonal Antibodies against a Newly Established Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma Cell Line (RMG‐II)

A cell line designated RMG‐II was established from the ascites of a patient with ovarian clear cell carcinoma. The chromosomal analysis revealed aneuploidy with a hypertetraploid modal numher and 8 marker chromosomes. Radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemical staining showed that RMG‐II cells produced some tumor markers such as CA125 and TPA. Two monoclonal antibodies, designated MA602‐1 and MA602‐6, were generated by immunization of mice with an extract prepared from the culture supernatant of RMG‐II cells. The epitopes recognized by these two monoclonal antibodies were proved to differ from the CA125 epitope, but to exist on the molecule bearing CA125. We developed a double‐determinant sandwich enzyme imnnmoassay using these two monoclonal anti‐bodies, and the antigen defined by this assay was termed CA602. CA602 was frequently found in the sera of ovarian cancer patients; the positive rates were 92%, 38%, 60%, and 80% for serous, mucinous, clear cell, and endometrioid ovarian carcinomas, respectively, when the cut‐off value was set at 60 U/ml (=mean + 3SD of healthy females). CA602 levels in serum were also high in endometriosis patients and in early pregnancy, as is the case for CA125, and the correlation coefficient between CA602 and CA125 was high (r=0.88). Our preliminary evidence suggests that this CA602 assay system has higher sensitivity than the CA125 one.
Expression Profile of Histone Deacetylase 1 in Gastric Cancer Tissues

Although histone deacetylases (HDACs) appear to play a crucial role in carcinogenesis, the expression status of HDACs in primary human cancer tissues has not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the expression level of HDAC1 in 25 paired primary human gastric cancer (GC) tissues and corresponding normal tissues through semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR and immunoblot analysis. The HDAC1 expression pattern was also topologically examined through immunohisto‐chemistry. Overexpression of HDAC1 mRNA was detected in 68% of GC tissues (17 of 25), and the relative density of HDAC1 mRNA in GC tissue was increased 1.8‐fold versus the normal counterpart (P<0.01). Elevated expression of HDAC1 protein was also detected in 61% of GC samples (11 of 18), which also showed an increased mRNA level of HDAC. Immunohistochemically, overexpression of HDAC1 was predominantly localized in the nuclei of most neoplastic cells, including embolic tumor cells, whereas normal glandular epithelial cells revealed only weak HDAC1 expression that was focal in distribution. Thus, the present study clearly demonstrates that HDAC1 is overexpressed in GC and probably plays a significant role in gastric carcinogenesis.
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Consensusability of Linear Multi-Agent Systems

Consensusability of multi-agent systems (MASs) is a fundamental problem in the MAS research area, since when starting to design a consensus protocol, one should know whether or not there exists such a protocol that has the ability to make the MAS involved consensus. This technical note is aimed at studying the joint impact of the agent dynamic structure and the communication topology on consensusability. For the MASs with fixed topology and agents described by linear time-invariant systems, a necessary condition of consensusability with respect to a set of admissible consensus protocols is given, which is shown, under some mild conditions, to be necessary and sufficient.
Prefrontal cortex volumes in adolescents with alcohol use disorders: unique gender effects.

BACKGROUND Adolescents with alcohol use disorders (AUD) have shown smaller prefrontal cortex (PFC) volumes compared with healthy controls; however, differences may have been due to comorbid disorders. This study examined PFC volumes in male and female adolescents with AUD who did not meet criteria for comorbid mood or attention disorders. METHODS Participants were adolescents aged 15 to 17 who met criteria for AUD (n = 14), and demographically similar healthy controls (n = 17). Exclusions included any history of a psychiatric or neurologic disorder other than AUD or conduct disorder. Magnetic resonance imaging scans occurred after at least 5 days of abstinence from alcohol or drugs. Overall PFC volumes and white matter PFC volumes were compared between groups. RESULTS After controlling for conduct disorder, gender, and intracranial volume, AUD teens demonstrated marginally smaller anterior ventral PFC volumes (p = 0.09) than controls, and significant interactions between group and gender were observed (p < 0.001 to p < 0.03). Compared with same-gender controls, females with AUD demonstrated smaller PFC volumes, while males with AUD had larger PFC volumes. The same pattern was observed for PFC white matter volumes. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with adult literature, alcohol use during adolescence is associated with prefrontal volume abnormalities, including white matter differences. However, adolescents with AUD demonstrated gender-specific morphometric patterns. Thus, it is possible that gender may moderate the impact of adolescent alcohol use on prefrontal neurodevelopment, and the neurodevelopmental trajectories of heavy drinking boys and girls should be evaluated separately in longitudinal studies.
Variability in the growth patterns of the cornified claw sheath among vertebrates: implications for using biogeochemistry to study animal movement

We review the role of biogeochemical signatures, such as stable isotopes and trace elements, in the cornified claw tissue as a means of studying movement and foraging behaviour of vertebrates because this approach is noninvasive and can capture contemporary and historic signatures. Because biogeochemical techniques are still relatively new in studies of animal movement, we are only beginning to understand how the growth patterns of the cornified claw sheath may affect our ability to interpret the biogeochemical signals in these tissues. To move towards resolving this, we review the morphology of the epidermal cornified claw sheath in several taxa that illustrate substantial variation in growth patterns both between taxa and between individual distinct claw regions. For instance, in mammalian claws, deposition of keratinizing cells from the epidermis is nonlinear because the claw tip is composed of old and new cornified epidermal cells, whereas the cornified blade horn covering the claw’s lateral walls is .
Alteration of p53 Clonality Accompanying Colorectal Cancer Progression

The aim of this study was to clarify whether or not the status of gene alteration is heterogeneous in intramucosal carcinoma and homogeneous within invasive carcinoma. We selected 10 colorectal carcinoma cases (1 mucosal, 5 submucosal and 4 advanced carcinomas including 2 cases with lymph node metastasis) and analyzed the p53 gene sequence. Six colorectal cancers in this study showed heterogeneity in p53 mutations in cells from the intramucosal part. In the invasive part of a carcinoma, p53 mutation status was homogeneous intratumorally in all cases. These data indicate that, in regard to p53 gene alterations, colorectal cancers can be composed of various subclones when limited to the mucosa, but clonal selection occurs when one of these subclones commences invasion to the submucosa, generating a monoclonal invasive carcinoma.
GlucoMen Day Continuous Glucose Monitoring System: A Screening for Enzymatic and Electrochemical Interferents

Background: While most of the common drugs with the potential to interfere with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems are accessible over the counter and can be assumed by CGM patients without medical supervision, many other chemicals are frequently used to treat critically ill patients. Continuous glucose monitoring reading accuracy may also be compromised in patients characterized by abnormally high concentrations of physiological interferents. In this article, 22 species selected from endogenous and exogenous chemicals were screened as possible interferents of GlucoMen®Day (GMD), the new microdialysis-based CGM system from A. Menarini Diagnostics. Method: Interference testing was performed according to the EP7-A2 guideline (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2005). Interference was evaluated at two levels of glucose, with each interferent additionally tested at two concentrations. Furthermore, two configurations of the GMD disposable sensor kit—one designed for subcutaneous application, the other for direct intravascular CGM—were challenged with interferent-spiked serum and blood samples, respectively. Results: With the exception of dopamine (however, at very high, nonphysiological concentrations), no interference was observed for all the tested substances. Interestingly, none of the common electrochemical interferents (including ascorbic acid, acetaminophen, and salicylic acid, which represent the major specificity issue for the competing CGM systems) significantly affected the system's output. Conclusions: These results provide clear insights into the advantages offered by the use of a microdialysis-based CGM system that additionally relies on the detection of hydrogen peroxide at low operating potential. GlucoMen Day may become the CGM system of choice for those patients who require either regular administration of drugs or their glycemia to be tightly controlled in the intensive care unit or similar environments.
Retrospective Study to Compare Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer with Fresh Embryo Transfer on Pregnancy Outcome Following Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection for Male Infertility

Background With the development of assisted reproductive technology, there is increasing evidence that frozen-thawed (FT) embryo transfer achieves a better outcome when compared with fresh embryo transfer in different types of infertile individuals. This aim of this study was to investigate the effect of FT embryo transfer for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) on pregnancy outcome in assisted reproductive technology for male infertility. Material/Methods A total of 516 embryo transfer cycles (286 fresh embryo transfer cycles and 230 FT embryo transfer cycles) were studied, in which ICSI treatment was performed for the first time because of male infertility. The women in the study were normal or had Fallopian tube abnormalities. The clinical data and pregnancy outcomes of these two study groups were compared. Results The implantation rate, pregnancy rate, and multiple birth rate of the FT embryo transfer group were similar when compared with the fresh embryo transfer group. The live birth rate of the FT embryo transfer group was significantly greater when compared with the fresh embryo transfer group (P<0.05). The rate of miscarriage of the FT embryo transfer group was 6.52%, which was significantly less than that of the fresh embryo transfer group (14.01%) (P<0.05). The gestational age and neonatal birth weight were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions FT embryo transfer was an effective and safe treatment for patients undergoing ICSI, which improved the live birth rate and reduced the rate of miscarriage.
Clear Genetic Distinctiveness between Human- and Pig-Derived Trichuris Based on Analyses of Mitochondrial Datasets

The whipworm, Trichuris trichiura, causes trichuriasis in ∼600 million people worldwide, mainly in developing countries. Whipworms also infect other animal hosts, including pigs (T. suis), dogs (T. vulpis) and non-human primates, and cause disease in these hosts, which is similar to trichuriasis of humans. Although Trichuris species are considered to be host specific, there has been considerable controversy, over the years, as to whether T. trichiura and T. suis are the same or distinct species. Here, we characterised the entire mitochondrial genomes of human-derived Trichuris and pig-derived Trichuris, compared them and then tested the hypothesis that the parasites from these two host species are genetically distinct in a phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data. Taken together, the findings support the proposal that T. trichiura and T. suis are separate species, consistent with previous data for nuclear ribosomal DNA. Using molecular analytical tools, employing genetic markers defined herein, future work should conduct large-scale studies to establish whether T. trichiura is found in pigs and T. suis in humans in endemic regions.
Active learning of cortical connectivity from two-photon imaging data

Understanding how groups of neurons interact within a network is a fundamental question in system neuroscience. Instead of passively observing the ongoing activity of a network, we can typically perturb its activity, either by external sensory stimulation or directly via techniques such as two-photon optogenetics. A natural question is how to use such perturbations to identify the connectivity of the network efficiently. Here we introduce a method to infer sparse connectivity graphs from in-vivo, two-photon imaging of population activity in response to external stimuli. A novel aspect of the work is the introduction of a recommended distribution, incrementally learned from the data, to optimally refine the inferred network. Unlike existing system identification techniques, this “active learning” method automatically focuses its attention on key undiscovered areas of the network, instead of targeting global uncertainty indicators like parameter variance. We show how active learning leads to faster inference while, at the same time, provides confidence intervals for the network parameters. We present simulations on artificial small-world networks to validate the methods and apply the method to real data. Analysis of frequency of motifs recovered show that cortical networks are consistent with a small-world topology model.
n vitro assessment of Macleaya cordata crude extract bioactivity and anticancer roperties in normal and cancerous human lung cells in

The purpose of this study is to assess the bioactivity and anticancer properties of Macleaya cordata crude extract in vitro using normal fetal lung fibroblast MRC5 and adenocarcinomic epithelial cell A549 as model systems,. Treatment of extract induced cell detachment, rounding, and irregularity in shape, in both normal and adenocarcinomic human lung cells, in accompanied of significant reduction in cell proliferation. The data indicated that necrosis appeared to be involved in compromising cell growth in both types of lung cells since membrane permeability and cell granularity were elevated. Although apoptosis was evident, the responses were differential in normal and diseased lung cells. Viability of treated MRC5 cells was reduced in a dose-dependent manner, demonstrating that the normal lung cells are sensitive
Envelope Preformulation Digital Predistortion for Concurrent Dual-Band Power Amplifiers with Improved Performance and Stability

This letter proposes a novel envelope preformulation digital predistortion technique to linearize concurrent dual-band (DB) power amplifiers (PAs), presenting improved stability/performance, and easier implementation compared to conventional methods. The concurrent DB system was implemented on a GaN Doherty PA by employing two 20-MHz orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signals at the center frequency of 2.25 and 2.45 GHz, respectively. Experimental results have shown great effectiveness of the proposed method, especially when the PA is pushed into highly nonlinear regions, which is very promising for multiband applications in the future communication systems.