Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mass balance study of [14C]SHR0302, a selective and potent JAK1 inhibitor in humans

Abstract SHR0302, a selective JAK1 inhibitor developed by Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., was intended for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics, mass balance, and metabolism of SHR0302 in six healthy Chinese male subjects after a single 8 mg (80 µCi) oral dose of [14C]SHR0302. SHR0302 was absorbed rapidly (T max = 0.505 h), and the average t 1/2 of the SHR0302-related components in plasma was approximately 9.18 h. After an oral dose was administered, the average cumulative excretion of the radioactive components was 100.56% ± 1.51%, including 60.95% ± 11.62% in urine and 39.61% ± 10.52% in faeces. A total of 16 metabolites were identified. In plasma, the parent drug SHR0302 accounted for 90.42% of the total plasma radioactivity. In urine, SHR161279 was the main metabolite, accounting for 33.61% of the dose, whereas the parent drug SHR0302 only accounted for 5.1% of the dose. In faeces, the parent drug SHR0302 accounted for 23.73% of the dose, and SHR161279 was the significant metabolite, accounting for 5.67% of the dose. In conclusion, SHR0302-related radioactivity was mainly excreted through urine (60.95%) and secondarily through faeces (39.61%). The metabolic reaction of SHR0302 in the human body is mainly through mono-oxidation and glucuronidation. The main metabolic location of SHR0302 in the human body is the pyrrolopyrimidine ring.
A Longitudinal Case-Control Study of a Female Athlete Preinjury and After ACL Reconstruction: Hop Performance, Knee Muscle Strength, and Knee Landing Mechanics

Athletes with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury followed by ACL reconstruction (ACLR) often perform various testing to guide return to sport, but preinjury data are rarely available for comparison. This longitudinal case-control study reports absolute value and between-leg symmetry data on maximal performances for single-leg hop height and distance, muscle strength, and side hop landing mechanics of an 18-year-old female soccer athlete collected 5 months before sustaining an ACL injury and again at 10, 13, and 29 months post-ACLR. Her data were compared across test sessions and to cross-sectional data of 15 asymptomatic female athletes.
A systematic review of factors associated with sustained smoking abstinence in people experiencing severe mental illness following participation in a smoking intervention

Objective: People experiencing severe mental illness report higher rates of tobacco smoking than the general population, while rates of quitting and sustaining abstinence are considerably lower. This systematic review aimed to identify factors associated with sustained abstinence in people experiencing severe mental illness following a smoking intervention. Method: Searches were conducted in PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, Embase, Emcare, CINAHL and Cochrane Library from the inception of the e-databases until June 2022. Selection criteria included randomised and non-randomised studies of smoking cessation interventions in which most of the participants were experiencing severe mental illness, and reported a follow-up of 3 months or longer. From an initial 1498 unique retrieved records, 26 references were included detailing 17 smoking cessation intervention studies and 3 relapse prevention intervention studies. Risk of bias was assessed using the RoB2 tool for randomised study designs and the ROBINS-I tool for non-randomised designs. Results: Participation in smoking interventions was associated with higher odds of abstinence in the medium-term, but not long-term follow-ups. There was insufficient evidence that any other factors impact sustained abstinence. Most studies were considered to have some risk of bias, largely due to insufficient availability of analysis plans. Conclusion: Despite an abundance of studies investigating smoking cessation in smokers experiencing severe mental illness, there is limited knowledge on the factors associated with staying quit. The inclusion of people experiencing severe mental illness in large-scale randomised control trials, in which predictors of sustained abstinence are measured in the medium and long term are needed to address this important question.
One Ca2+ Site in CaNaY Zeolite Can Attach Three CO2 Molecules

To design efficient CO2 capture materials, it is necessary to ensure a high adsorption capacity. We recently reported that one Na+ site in NaY zeolite can attach two CO2 molecules. However, the process is not suitable for practical use because it proceeds at a low temperature. Here, we present results on CO2 adsorption on CaNaY zeolites, demonstrating that one Ca2+ site can attach three CO2 molecules. The ν3(13CO2) mode arising from the natural 13C abundance allows for easy infrared monitoring of the processes: it appears at 2298, 2294, and 2291 cm–1 for the complexes with one, two, and three CO2 ligands, respectively. The 12CO2 molecules in the polyligand complexes interact vibrationally, leading to the split of the ν3(12CO2) modes. At ambient temperature, Ca2+(CO2)2 complexes predominate at >1 mbar CO2 and triligand species begin to form at 65 mbar. The obtained results show that CaY zeolites can be very effective CO2 capture materials.
Implementing Dignity Therapy Service into an Acute Cancer Care Setting – A Feasibility Study

Objective: Dignity therapy is a short-term psychotherapy used to help patients at end of life through addressing distress and enhancing dignity. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of introducing dignity therapy into a hospital-based cancer care service. Methods: A feasibility study was undertaken using a randomised controlled trial design. Participants were adult patients receiving systemic treatment for cancer or haematological malignancy with palliative intent, within an Australian ambulatory cancer treatment centre. Outcomes of interest were patient distress levels and feasibility of intervention delivery. Participants completed two self-reported distress scales at recruitment and four weeks following (control group) or one month after intervention delivery (intervention group). Patients receiving the intervention also completed the dignity therapy patient feedback questionnaire. Feasibility was measured by collecting data on time required to implement the intervention with subsequent crude cost estimates calculated. Study procedures are reported according to CONSORT guidance. Results: Fifteen patients were recruited for the study. Participants in the intervention group reported small but significantly different lower distress scores than those in the control group at 4 weeks. The time taken to deliver the intervention ranged from 5.5 to 11 h with subsequent cost dependent on the remuneration of the dignity therapy therapist. Conclusions: Findings support other studies on the benefit to patients from delivering a dignity therapy intervention at end of life. Feasibility is influenced by multidisciplinary team support, resource availability and the designated therapist delivering the intervention. Larger sample sizes are needed to ascertain effect.
Thermal properties of gold nanoshells in lipid vesicles studied by single particle tracking measurements

Photothermal therapy employing nanomaterials is a promising approach to selectively treat targeted tissues with abnormal characteristics such as tumors. While vital research has focused on the use of these materials in biomedical applications, net effects of these materials in biological environments are still not well understood. For reliable biomedical applications, it is crucial to quantitatively evaluate thermal properties of these materials in biological and physiological environments. To this end, we have developed a highly integrated measurement platform and examined local thermal properties of single gold shell nanocrystals in biomimetic environments. These nanoshells consist of a silica core with an outer gold coating. For quantitative measurement of the local thermal profile of gold nanoshells, we monitor lipid phase transitions triggered by gold nanoshell thermal excitation. Dried lipid layers with adsorbed gold nanoshells were placed in an aqueous environment. Photothermal excitation of the gold nanoshells induced localized liposome budding as the lipids were raised above their transition temperature. Single particle tracking of gold nanoshells in solution and within liposomes revealed larger diffusion rates for the confined nanoparticles, likely due to a raised local temperature.
Fermented dairy foods consumption and depressive symptoms: A meta-analysis of cohort studies

Background The gut-brain axis has been potentially proposed as a link between the intake of fermented dairy foods and depression. We carried out this meta-analysis on published cohort studies to estimate the overall depression risk of fermented dairy foods intake. Methods We searched the CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and PubMed databases for all articles within a range of published years from 2010 to 2022 on the association between fermented dairy foods intake and depression. Results Finally, 8 studies met the inclusion criteria for this study, with 83,533 participants. Overall, there was statistical evidence of significantly decreased depression risk was found to be associated with fermented dairy foods intake (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.81–0.98). In subgroup analysis, cheese and yogurt consumptions were significantly associated with decreased depression risk (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.84–0.98 for cheese and OR = 0. 84, 95% CI = 0.72–0.99 for yogurt). However, we failed to find superabundant intake of fermented dairy foods intake decreased the risk of depression. Conclusion Our meta-analysis indicated that fermented dairy foods intake may have potential beneficial effect on depression via the gut-brain axis.
Molecular epidemiological analyses reveal extensive connectivity between Echinostoma revolutum (sensu stricto) populations across Eurasia and species richness of zoonotic echinostomatids in England

Echinostoma revolutum (sensu stricto) is a widely distributed member of the Echinostomatidae, a cosmopolitan family of digenetic trematodes with complex life cycles involving a wide range of definitive hosts, particularly aquatic birds. Integrative taxonomic studies, notably those utilising nad1 barcoding, have been essential in discrimination of E. revolutum (s.s.) within the ‘Echinostoma revolutum’ species complex and investigation of its molecular diversity. No studies, however, have focussed on factors affecting population genetic structure and connectivity of E. revolutum (s.s.) in Eurasia. Here, we used morphology combined with nad1 and cox1 barcoding to determine the occurrence of E. revolutum (s.s.) and its lymnaeid hosts in England for the first time, in addition to other echinostomatid species Echinoparyphium aconiatum, Echinoparyphium recurvatum and Hypoderaeum conoideum. Analysis of genetic diversity in E. revolutum (s.s.) populations across Eurasia demonstrated haplotype sharing and gene flow, probably facilitated by migratory bird hosts. Neutrality and mismatch distribution analyses support possible recent demographic expansion of the Asian population of E. revolutum (s.s.) (nad1 sequences from Bangladesh and Thailand) and stability in European (nad1 sequences from this study, Iceland and continental Europe) and Eurasian (combined data sets from Europe and Asia) populations with evidence of sub-population structure and selection processes. This study provides new molecular evidence for a panmictic population of E. revolutum (s.s.) in Eurasia and phylogeographically expands the nad1 database for identification of echinostomatids.
Computational Bifurcation Analysis of Multiparameter Dynamical Systems

where x is an n-dimensional vector of states, are m independent parameters, and f is an n-dimensional vector of nonlinear functions. These systems show a host of interesting nonlinear dynamic behavior, such as multiple attractors, limit cycles, jump phenomena, hysteresis, frequency locking, and chaos [1]. Nonlinear behaviors such as these are best understood in terms of bifurcations of the dynamical system, which is a record of all critical points in the (n m)-dimensional state-parameter space in which equilibrium and periodic solutions of Eq. (1) are either created, destroyed, or undergo a change in their stability. Results from bifurcation theory can then be used to describe the possible dynamic behavior of the system as it encounters any of these bifurcation points. Bifurcation methods have been widely used, for instance, to study nonlinear phenomena in aircraft flight dynamics [2]. A bifurcation analysis must begin by computing all equilibrium andperiodic solutionsof that systemalongwith information about the stability of these solutions. The equilibrium solutions form (hyper) surfaces in the state-parameter space, for example, a systemwith one state variable and two parameters would have a two-dimensional surface of equilibrium solutions in a (1 2)-dimensional stateparameter space.Unfortunately, for higher-dimensional systemswith multiple parameters, both computing and visualizing the equilibrium surfaces is exceedingly difficult [3]. Instead, the standard procedure until recently [4] has been to compute what is called a bifurcation diagram, that is, curves of equilibrium solutions as one of the parameters is varied while all the other parameters are held fixed. This procedure may be repeated by sequentially selecting another parameter to be the variable, thus generating an entire family of bifurcation diagrams. Traditionally, therefore, bifurcation analysis of a multiparameter dynamical system involves solving a series of one-parameter problems of the following form: _ x f x; 1; j kj ; j 2; . ; m (2)
Rhabdomyolysis during concomitant ticagrelor and rosuvastatin: A breast cancer resistance protein‐mediated drug interaction?

We present 3 patients diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis 1–6 months after the initiation of concomitant rosuvastatin and ticagrelor medication. A literature review and Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system revealed >40 reports of rhabdomyolysis during concomitant ticagrelor and rosuvastatin, including 3 with a fatal outcome. We show that ticagrelor inhibits breast cancer resistance protein‐, organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1‐, 1B3‐ and 2B1‐mediated transport of rosuvastatin in vitro with half‐maximal unbound inhibitory concentrations of 0.36, 4.13, 7.5 and 3.26 μM, respectively. A static drug interaction model predicted that ticagrelor may inhibit intestinal breast cancer resistance protein and thus increase rosuvastatin plasma exposure 2.1‐fold, whereas the OATP‐mediated hepatic uptake of rosuvastatin should not be inhibited due to relatively low portal ticagrelor concentrations. Taken together, concomitant use of ticagrelor with rosuvastatin may increase the systemic exposure to rosuvastatin and the risk of rosuvastatin‐induced rhabdomyolysis. Further studies are warranted to investigate the potential pharmacokinetic interaction between ticagrelor and rosuvastatin in humans.
Urinary iodine excretion and optimal time point for sampling when estimating 24-h urinary iodine

Abstract Iodine deficiency may cause thyroid dysfunction. The iodine intake in a population is measured by urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in spot samples or 24-h urinary iodine excretion (24UIE). 24UIE is considered the gold standard and may be estimated using an equation including UIC, urinary creatinine concentration, sex and age (e24UIE). The aims of this study were to evaluate the preferable timing of UIC when using this equation and assess the variability of UIE. Sixty healthy non-smoking women (n 31) and men (n 29) were included in Gothenburg, Sweden. Twelve urine samples were collected at six fixed times on two separate days. Variability was calculated for UIC, 24UIE, e24UIE, iodine excretion per hour (iHr) and UIC adjusted for creatinine and specific gravity. Median 24UIE was 156 µg/24 h and the median UIC (all spot samples) was 104 µg/l. UIC (P < 0·001), 24UIE (P = 0·001) and e24UIE (P < 0·001) were significantly higher in men. e24UIE was relatively similar to 24UIE. However, when e24UIE was calculated from UIC in the first void, it was about 15 % lower than 24UIE (P < 0·001). iHr was lowest in the morning and highest in the afternoon. Median iHr was higher in men (7·4 v. 5·3 µg/h, P < 0·001). The variability of UIE was higher within individuals than between individuals. This study suggests that most time points for estimation of individual 24UIE are appropriate, but they should preferably not be collected in the first void.
Proportion of hyperemesis gravidarum and associated factors among pregnant women admitted into the obstetrics ward at Akesta general hospital, North East Ethiopia

Introduction Hyperemesis gravidarum is a condition of intractable vomiting during pregnancy that leads to fluid and electrolyte imbalance, nutrition deficiency and weight loss often requiring hospital admission. Approximately 0.3%-10.8% of pregnant women experience nausea and vomiting during the first trimester of pregnancy. It has been associated with both maternal and fetal morbidity. There is limited evidence about the proportion of hyperemesis gravidarum and associated factors in the study area. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of hyperemesis gravidarum and associated factors among pregnant women admitted into the obstetric ward at Akesta General Hospital, South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia. Methods This is hospital-based cross-sectional study of 355 pregnant mothers in Akesta general hospital in northeast Ethiopia from September 1/2018- to August 30 /2020. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the patient card from the whole admission of pregnant women cards during the study period. The diagnosis of hyperemesis gravidarum include persistent vomiting not related to other causes, an objective measure of acute starvation, electrolyte abnormalities and acid-base disturbances, as well as weight loss. The data analysis was done using SPSS version 25. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with hyperemesis gravidarum. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was reported to show the strength of the association. Statistical significance was stated at P-value < 0.05. Results The proportion of hyperemesis gravidarum was 11.3%. Women with previous history of hyperemesis gravidarum AOR (95%CI) = 10.9[2.46, 48.44], previous history of urinary tract infection AOR (95%CI) = 4.32[1.58, 11.86], previous history of gastrointestinal disease AOR (95% CI) = 4.12[1.40, 12.65], history of abortion AOR (95% CI) = 6.23[2.24, 17.52] were factors significantly associated with hyperemesis gravidarum. Conclusion In this study, the overall hospital proportion of hyperemesis gravidarum was high. History of gastrointestinal disease, previous history of urinary tract infection, history of hyperemesis gravidarum, and history of abortion were the major risk factors.
Host Galaxies of QSOs at z > 5

This paper presents J‐band imaging of two quasars with redshifts of 5.02 and 5.17, respectively, using the Gemini North (GN) telescope. The quasars differ in brightness by several magnitudes. The image resolution ranged from 0. ″4 to 1. ″0. Both of the quasi‐stellar objects (QSOs) have resolved structure in their innermost arcsecond, and the brighter one shows resolved luminosity to a radius of 6″. We also report on GN I‐ and z‐band imaging of two QSOs at a redshift above 6 that are unresolved. The host galaxy luminosities and structure (and upper limits) are discussed and compared with K‐band resolved QSOs at z = 4.7 and the general K‐z relationship.
Optical constants of cosmic carbon analogue grains — I. Simulation of clustering by a modified continuous distribution of ellipsoids

The first results on the optical constants of three different amorphous carbon samples, possible analogues of interstellar and circumstellar dust grains, are presented. They have been deduced from recent laboratory data, making use of the Kramers-Kronig approach. It is shown that the physically correct simulation of clustering by the traditional 'CDE' model is not applicable here. A modified COE (MCDE) model is proposed and used in the present calculations. The MCDE model allows one to take into account the effect of percolation of the analysed amorphous carbon clusters through the parameter go' interpreted as a percolation strength. The intervals of the probable MCDE models (go) have been chosen on the basis of the relevant estimates of Stognienko, Henning & Ossenkopf for the cluster-cluster aggregation (CCA) and particle-cluster aggregation (PCA) models. The 'optimal' percolation strengths and optical constants have been derived by using a 1east­ squares procedure.
How do Antecedent Semantics Influence Pronoun Interpretation? Evidence from Eye Movements

Abstract Pronoun interpretation is often described as relying on a comprehender's mental model of discourse. For example, in some psycholinguistic accounts, interpreting pronouns involves a process of retrieval, whereby a pronoun is resolved by accessing information from its linguistic antecedent. However, linguistic antecedents are neither necessary nor sufficient for interpreting a pronoun, and even when an antecedent has been introduced in earlier discourse, there is little evidence for the retrieval of linguistic form. The current study extends our understanding of pronoun interpretation by examining whether the semantics of antecedent expressions are retrieved from representations of past discourse. Participants were instructed to move displayed objects in a Visual World eye‐tracking task. In some cases, the semantics of the antecedent were no longer viable after an instruction was completed (e.g., “Move the house on the left to area 12,” where the result was that a different house is now the leftmost one). In this case, retrieving antecedent semantics at the point of hearing a subsequent pronoun (“Now, move it…”) should entail a processing penalty. Instead, the results showed that antecedent semantics have no direct effect on interpretation, raising additional questions about the role that retrieval might play in pronoun interpretation.
Bottom-Up Informed and Iteratively Optimized Coarse-Grained Non-Markovian Water Models with Accurate Dynamics

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on coarse-grained (CG) particle models of molecular liquids generally predict accelerated dynamics and misrepresent the time scales for molecular vibrations and diffusive motions. The parametrization of Generalized Langevin Equation (GLE) thermostats based on the microscopic dynamics of the fine-grained model provides a promising route to address this issue, in conjunction with the conservative interactions of the CG model obtained with standard coarse graining methods, such as iterative Boltzmann inversion, force matching, or relative entropy minimization. We report the application of a recently introduced bottom-up dynamic coarse graining method, based on the Mori–Zwanzig formalism, which provides accurate estimates of isotropic GLE memory kernels for several CG models of liquid water. We demonstrate that, with an additional iterative optimization of the memory kernels (IOMK) for the CG water models based on a practical iterative optimization technique, the velocity autocorrelation function of liquid water can be represented very accurately within a few iterations. By considering the distinct Van Hove function, we demonstrate that, with the presented methods, an accurate representation of structural relaxation can be achieved. We consider several distinct CG potentials to study how the choice of the CG potential affects the performance of bottom-up informed and iteratively optimized models.