Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunologic Evaluation of Drug Allergy

Hypersensitivity drug reactions (HDR) consist of an individual abnormal response with the involvement of the immunological system. In addition to specific immunological mechanisms where specific antibodies or sensitised T cells participate, release of inflammatory mediators by non-specific immunological recognition may also occur. Within this category are one of the most common groups of drugs, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In addition to chemical drugs new emerging ones with an increasing protagonism are biological agents like humanised antibodies and others. For IgE dependent reactions both in vivo and in vitro tests can be used for the immunological evaluation. Sensitivity of these is not optimal and very often a drug provocation test must be considered for knowing the mechanism involved and/or establishing the diagnosis. For non-immediate reactions also both in vivo and in vitro tests can be used. Sensitivity for in vivo tests is generally low and in vitro tests may be needed for the immunological evaluation. Immunohistochemical studies of the affected tissue enable a more precise classification of non-immediate reactions. The monitorization of the acute response of the reactions has given clues for understanding these reactions and has promising results for the future of the immunological evaluation of HDR.
Carrots, Sticks, and Sermons: Policy Instruments and Their Evaluation.

One day, you will discover a new adventure and knowledge by spending more money. But when? Do you think that you need to obtain those all requirements when having much money? Why don't you try to get something simple at first? That's something that will lead you to know more about the world, adventure, some places, history, entertainment, and more? It is your own time to continue reading habit. One of the books you can enjoy now is carrots sticks and sermons policy instruments and their evaluation here.
Modeling How Reproductive Ecology Can Drive Protein Diversification and Result in Linkage Disequilibrium between Sperm and Egg Proteins

Gamete‐recognition proteins determine whether sperm and eggs are compatible at fertilization, and they often evolve rapidly. The source of selection driving the evolution of these proteins is still debated. It has been suggested that sexual conflict can result in proliferation of genetic variation and possibly linkage disequilibrium between sperm and egg proteins. Empirical evidence suggests that both male and female reproductive success can be predicted by their sperm ligand genotype, but why female success can be predicted by a protein expressed only in males is unknown. Here we use mathematical modeling to investigate the interaction between reproductive behavior and sperm availability on the evolution of sperm ligands and egg receptors. We consider haploid and diploid expression in gametes in two possible ecological scenarios, monogamous spawning and competitive spawning. Reproductive behavior plays an important role in determining possible outcomes resulting from sexual conflict. Sperm limitation selects for common genotypes regardless of mating behavior. Under conditions of sperm abundance, competitive spawning provides conditions for the persistence of allelic variation and gametic disequilibrium. With monogamous spawning, such conditions are more restrictive.
ANIMATEDLY RECONFIGURABLE FIR FILTER DESIGN BY CONSTANT SHIFT ELIMINATION METHOD

Software Defined Radio (SDR) is a recent technology evolving in the area of wireless communications. Finite Impulse Response filters places an important role for designing SDR. To achieve the flexibility dynamically reconfigurable filters are need to be designed. In order to achieve that, this paper provides one method called constant shift elimination method based on the binary common sub expression algorithm. The goal of the constant shift elimination method is to identify multiple occurrences of identical bit patterns and eliminate the redundant multiplication. That will reduce the number of adders used to implement the coefficient multiplier used for designing dynamically reconfigurable FIR filters. Design examples shows that the proposed method offers good power reductions and speed improvement compared to the best existing reconfigurable FIR filter implementations.
TCP/IP header classification for detecting spoofed DDoS attack in Cloud environment

Spoofing of IP is a key attribute of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack that consumes Cloud resources and network bandwidth within a short period of time. This is costly to both the providers and users of Cloud. Cloud computing offers a metered service, which uses pay-per use. Therefore providing a high available Cloud will improve the Cloud provider's reputation and financial proceeds. To the Cloud users, it solely depends on the provider for its resources therefore it must always be available as contained in the service level agreement (SLA). The goal of this paper is to analyse and compare the TCP/IP packet header features of incoming traffic that identifies remote hosts according to their Operating System. This is used to detect the true source of a packet during spoofed DDoS attack. Our solution further analyses the observed final TTL value in both active and passive stage of the OS fingerprints to cater for false negative during detection. We demonstrated our proposed solution on a Xen Cloud Platform Test bed.
A PROBLEM ON INDEPENDENT r-TUPLES

then G(n ; l) contains k independent edges . It is easy to see that the above result is best possible since the complete graph of 2k-1 vertices and the graph of vertices x1, . , xk-1 ; Yl, • • •, Yn-k+l and edges (x1 , xj), 1I ; (x1 , y), 1 i :! -< k 1, 1-yj :! 5 n k + 1 clearly does not contain k independent edges . By an r-graph o(r) we shall mean a graph whose basic elements are its vertices and r-tuples ; for r = 2 we obtain the ordinary graphs . G (r) (n ; m) will denote an r-graph of n vertices and m r-tuples. For r >2 these generalised graphs have not yet been investigated very much. A set of r-tuples is called independent if no two of them have a vertex in common . f(n ; r, k) denotes the smallest integer so that every G( r)(n ; f(n ; r, k)) contains k independent r-tuples . (1) implies that
Find me if you can: designing interfaces for people search

Selecting relevant people is crucial for collaborative systems exploiting other users' experiences. With the new developments of the Web and ubiquitous technologies, various user data may support people selection. Given the wide range of user data sources, the question is now how to select appropriate users meeting the information seeker's goal. We propose recommendations for the design of people search interfaces, providing an overview of the user data and tools of relevance and two examples of how such recommendations can be met in one single interface, ensuring the selection of appropriate and reachable people. We also show applications of people search interfaces in different scenarios.
VERS UNA CULTURA D'ACOLLIDA A LA UNIVERSITAT

El treball parteix d’una enquesta realitzada a tots els estudiants de primer de grau de la Universitat de Lleida en finalitzar el programa d’acollida que aquesta institucio ofereix Els objectius de l’enquesta son avaluar la funcionalitat del programa d’acollida, a fi d’introduir-hi millores, i tambe relacionar diverses variables com el grau de motivacio inicial dels estudiants, la seva percepcio de la utilitat del programa i l’expectativa del seu exit en els estudis acabats de comencar. El treball conclou que aquestes variables estan relacionades estretament i proposa millores a realitzar quant al programa, elements a introduir i la seva extensio en el temps.
The Role of Nerve- versus Muscle-Derived Factors in Mammalian Neuromuscular Junction Formation

Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) normally form in the central region of developing muscle. In this process, agrin released from motor neurons has been considered to initiate the formation of synaptic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clusters (neurocentric model). However, in muscle developing in the absence of nerves and thus of agrin, AChR clusters still form in the muscle center. This raises the possibility that the region of NMJ formation is determined by muscle-derived cues that spatially restrict the nerve to form synapses from aneural AChR clusters, e.g., by patterned expression of the agrin receptor MuSK (muscle-specific kinase) (myocentric model). Here we examine at initial stages of synaptogenesis whether the responsiveness of myotubes to agrin is spatially restricted, whether the regions of NMJ formation in wild-type muscle and of aneural AChR cluster formation in agrin-deficient animals correlate, and whether AChR cluster growth depends on the presence of agrin. We show that primary myotubes form AChR clusters in response to exogenous agrin in their central region only, a pattern that can spatially restrict NMJ formation. However, the nerve also makes synapses in regions in which aneural AChR clusters do not form, and agrin promotes synaptic cluster growth from the first stages of neuromuscular contact formation. These data indicate that aneural AChR clusters per se are not required for NMJ formation. A model is proposed that explains either the neurocentric or the myocentric mode of NMJ formation depending on a balance between the levels of MuSK expression and the availability of nerve-released agrin.
Aggregating Predictions via Sequential Mini-Trading

Prediction markets which trade on contracts representing unknown future outcomes are designed specically to aggregate expert predictions via the market price. While there are some existing machine learning interpretations for the market price and connections to Bayesian updating under the equilibrium analysis of such markets, there is less of an understanding of what the instantaneous price in sequentially traded markets means. In this paper we show that the prices generated in sequentially traded prediction markets are stochastic approximations to the price given by an equilibrium analysis. We do so by showing the equilibrium price is a solution to a stochastic optimisation problem which is solved by stochastic mirror descent (SMD) by a class of sequential pricing mechanisms. This connection leads us to propose a scheme called \mini-trading" which introduces a parameter related to the learning rate in SMD. We prove several properties of this scheme and show that it can improve the stability of prices in sequentially traded prediction markets.
A Stretchable Form of Single-Crystal Silicon for High-Performance Electronics on Rubber Substrates

We have produced a stretchable form of silicon that consists of submicrometer single-crystal elements structured into shapes with microscale, periodic, wavelike geometries. When supported by an elastomeric substrate, this “wavy” silicon can be reversibly stretched and compressed to large levels of strain without damaging the silicon. The amplitudes and periods of the waves change to accommodate these deformations, thereby avoiding substantial strains in the silicon itself. Dielectrics, patterns of dopants, electrodes, and other elements directly integrated with the silicon yield fully formed, high-performance “wavy” metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors, p-n diodes, and other devices for electronic circuits that can be stretched or compressed to similarly large levels of strain.
The Politics of Injustice: Crime and Punishment in America

Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1. Criminal Justice Expansion Explaining the Expansion of the Penal System Outline of the Book Chapter 2. Crime in the United States Crime in Historical Perspective Crime in Comparative Perspective Conclusion Chapter 3. Murder, American Style Popular Explanations of Violence Guns Inequality and Homicide Conclusion Chapter 4. The Politics of Crime The Origins of the Discourse of Law and Order From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime From the War on Crime to the War on Drugs Conclusion Chapter 5. Crime in the Media Crime in the News Crime as Entertainment The Police Drama The Crime Film The "Reality-Based" Cop Show Media Imagery and Public Opinion Conclusion Chapter 6. Crime and Public Opinion Fear of Crime Crime as a Social Problem Popular Punitiveness Understanding Popular Punitiveness Alternatives to Punitiveness Minority Dissent Conclusion Chapter 7. Activism and the Politics of Crime Community-Based Crime Prevention Efforts The Victim Rights Movement Adverasarial Activism: Human Rights Campaigns Against Police Brutality, Capital Punishment, and the War on Drugs Conclusion Chapter 8. Crime and Public Policy Drug Policing Punitive Sentencing Return of Capital Punishment Retreat From Juvenile Justice Prisoner Warehousing The Surveillance Society Criminal Justice and Democracy Conclusion Chapter 9. Alternatives Social Investment Harm Reduction Alternative Sentencing Rehabilitating Reintegration Toward Disarmament Community Policing Conclusion Notes References Index
Economic Policy Dilemmas in Front of the Crisis

The article is an introduction to the new issue of the Journal. It provides an overview of the current economic and financial situation and summarises the main topics dealt with by the following articles. Retrenchment of public expenditure is once again being called for by international agencies as well as by leading economists and politicians. The irony of this all is that by rescuing financial institutions the policy authorities â€“ which up to now have totally ignored the problems posed by an excessive increase of private debt, focusing attention on public debt alone â€“ have dealt with a crisis originating in the private debt area by shifting part of its weight to the public sector. This should call for some reconsideration of macroeconomic views. In any case, for any individual country considered in isolation, it is rather difficult to ignore the mainstream recommendations. Countries with already large public deficits and debt risk coming under attack on the side of financial speculation if they ignore the consensus recipes. Financial markets can then foresee a spiral of growing public expenditure for interest payments, growing deficits and growing public debt, further increasing the spread up to the point of collapse. Fiscal retrenchment then takes place, so to say, at gunpoint. There is little choice, thus, for many countries on the sign of their fiscal policies. However, this constraint leaves various options open.
Spectra and Structure Functions in the Rewa Approach to High Re Turbulence

{ We review the reduced wave vector set approximation (REWA) to numerically treat high Re number turbulence. We report on recent results which were achieved with a largely extended basic wave vector set. They connrm our previous ndings. These are: There is classical scaling in the ISR, viscosity-induced inter-mittency in the ISR-VSR transition range and universal scaling of the spectra. We furthermore discuss the structure functions D(r) and D LLL (r). As a check of REWA and of the numerical quality we verify the Kolmogorov structure equation with high precision.
Reputação e transparência da autoridade monetária e o comportamento da firma bancária

The following paper aims to examine the influence of monetary policy and its policies upon banks behavior and, consequently, upon credit disposal, which by the way, when modified affects aggregate demand bringing effects on employment, output and income. For it, highlights the influence of monetary authority reputation and transparency in implementing its policies over the "state of expectations" of banks. In other words, the article stresses monetary policy transmission through expectations and credit channels, enhancing the influence of monetary authority reputation and transparency over banks behavior.
Bandits attack function optimization

We consider function optimization as a sequential decision making problem under the budget constraint. Such constraint limits the number of objective function evaluations allowed during the optimization. We consider an algorithm inspired by a continuous version of a multi-armed bandit problem which attacks this optimization problem by solving the tradeoff between exploration (initial quasi-uniform search of the domain) and exploitation (local optimization around the potentially global maxima). We introduce the so-called Simultaneous Optimistic Optimization (SOO), a deterministic algorithm that works by domain partitioning. The benefit of such an approach are the guarantees on the returned solution and the numerical efficiency of the algorithm. We present this machine learning rooted approach to optimization, and provide the empirical assessment of SOO on the CEC'2014 competition on single objective real-parameter numerical optimization testsuite.
Social Policy in Central and Eastern Europe. The emergence of a new European Model of solidarity

Abstract: The successful completion of political, institutional and social transformation, which accompanies the new democracies of East Central Europe, urgently requires the establishment and consolidation of new forms of social security, called to ensure the sustainability and durability of reforms. By explaining the path of extrication from state socialism, this study aims to: a) compare different social policy theories and to elaborate new ones; b) identify the patterns of the welfare state's transformation in Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic and Slovenia, at the national and EU level; c) investigate the attitudes towards social inequality in the European region; and d) explore the impact of social transfers in seven Central and Eastern European countries (Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic and Slovenia). This research also aims to highlight the factors responsible for institutional change and democratic consolidation and to identify the prospects for the successful implementation of future welfare state reforms. This investigation identifies the emergence of a peculiar Eastern European model of solidarity coming from the fusion of pre-communist (Bismarck social insurance), communist (universalism, corporatism and egalitarianism) and post-communist features (market-based schemes), and maintained together by a strong support for redistributive policies. Finally, this book examines the challenges that modern welfare states are facing, such as the acceptance of a new welfare consensus, globalization and the Europeanization of national social policies. It concludes by reflecting on how Eastern welfare states will fit in the future EU welfare regime.
AGGREGATED BEHAVIORS FOR SUPPLY CHAIN PLANNING PROCESSES SIMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PLAN DYNAMICS

ABSTRACT: Decision making in supply chain context can be a difficult process due to the complexity of the models used to support this decision. We present first results of research project whom the target is to support collaboration decisions. The present study focuses on modelling the dynamics of the customer’s planning and market behaviors. We propose an aggregated model of these behaviours and associated impacts on requirement plans. In order to analyze static and dynamic aspect of plan generation, a set of indicators is proposed that evaluate static aspect and mainly dynamics of requirement planning. Model and indicators utiliza tions are illustrated through an industrial case study. KEYWORDS: abstraction, aggregation, planning behavior, simulation, plan dynamics. 1 INTRODUCTION How to tackle the complexity of a decision situation? That is a daily question for the industrial manager having to make decisions and for the academic searcher seeking to propose decision support. For both, the first step is to model the system associated to the decision. Consequently, as Pidd (1996) argues, models appear as tools for support and extend thinking. Among the exist-ing methods, simulation is an important support for pro-duction and supply chain management (Terzi and Cava-lieri 2004; Thierry
Energy-efficient truncated multipliers

Approximate computing is a promising approach in the design of low-power digital systems. There are two main approaches in approximate computing: the first relies on lowering the supply voltage level on specific computational blocks, while the second relies on completely truncating specific computational blocks. The second option is more aggressive; however, it is deterministic and leads to better energy savings. This paper, in accordance with the second option, presents a set of 8-bit combinational digital multipliers that provide an approximate product while reducing energy consumption by up to 57% while maintaining excellent results, as demonstrated by several image-processing applications.
Genome Degradation in Brucella ovis Corresponds with Narrowing of Its Host Range and Tissue Tropism

Brucella ovis is a veterinary pathogen associated with epididymitis in sheep. Despite its genetic similarity to the zoonotic pathogens B. abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis, B. ovis does not cause zoonotic disease. Genomic analysis of the type strain ATCC25840 revealed a high percentage of pseudogenes and increased numbers of transposable elements compared to the zoonotic Brucella species, suggesting that genome degradation has occurred concomitant with narrowing of the host range of B. ovis. The absence of genomic island 2, encoding functions required for lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, as well as inactivation of genes encoding urease, nutrient uptake and utilization, and outer membrane proteins may be factors contributing to the avirulence of B. ovis for humans. A 26.5 kb region of B. ovis ATCC25840 Chromosome II was absent from all the sequenced human pathogenic Brucella genomes, but was present in all of 17 B. ovis isolates tested and in three B. ceti isolates, suggesting that this DNA region may be of use for differentiating B. ovis from other Brucella spp. This is the first genomic analysis of a non-zoonotic Brucella species. The results suggest that inactivation of genes involved in nutrient acquisition and utilization, cell envelope structure and urease may have played a role in narrowing of the tissue tropism and host range of B. ovis.
Noise analysis and comparison of analog and digital readout integrated circuits for infrared focal plane arrays

We analyze the traditional analog ROIC architecture and an oversampled Σ - Δ modulator/decimator architecture. We show how the latter has superior characteristics i.e. an improved maximum signal to noise ratio (SNRMAX). This is a result of effectively increasing the well capacity by a factor equal to the oversampling ratio (OSR). We also provide a high fidelity noise model for both an analog and the digital ROIC and show that the equivalent electron noise at the output of the digital ROIC is much less compared to the traditional analog ROICs.
Determinants of spatial dynamics of dairy production: a review

This paper reviews studies analyzing the determinants of spatial dynamic dairy production. The review distinguishes three dimensions that may contribute to spatial dynamics: farm level determinants related to factor endowment, technology, and production costs; developments and differences at the dairy sector level; and spatial differences in public policy. Spatial dynamics is influenced by both, structural change and regional production change. Still, research analyzing both issues in context is still scare. We argue that research focusing on the co-evolution of farm structure and regional production could help to better encompass regional production change dynamics.