Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of anisotropic propagation modeling on microcellular system design

Microcells for wireless communications can be realized with low base station antennas operating at low power. The low base station antennas expected for microcells make the propagation characteristics dependent on the direction relative to the street grid. Due to this anisotropic propagation, the shape of microcells is no longer circular, as is typically assumed so for macrocellular system planning. Therefore the infrastructure of the microcells should be implemented with a different approach from that for macrocells. This paper aims at finding the effect of microcellular wave propagation on the development of cellular design for channelized systems in residential/commercial environments by examining key aspects of cell layout. Using a measurement-based anisotropic propagation model, cell shape and frequency reuse patterns are investigated for the downlink, and a methodology for frequency planning is presented.
Effect of different feature types on age based classification of short texts

The aim of the current study is to compare the effect of three different feature types for age-based categorization of short texts as average 85 words per author. Besides widely used word and character n-grams, text readability features are proposed as an alternative. By readability features we mean different relative ratios of text elements as characters per word, words per sentence, etc. Support Vector Machines, Logistic Regression, and Bayesian algorithms were used to build models. Most effective features were readability features and character n-grams. Model generated by Support Vector Machine and combined feature set yield to f-score 0.968. Age prediction application was built using a model with readability features.
Recombinant Influenza Virus Carrying the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) F85-93 CTL Epitope Reduces RSV Replication in Mice

ABSTRACT Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants worldwide. Despite decades of research, there is still no registered vaccine available for this major pathogen. We investigated the protective efficacy of a recombinant influenza virus, PR8/NA-F85–93, that carries the RSV CD8+ T cell epitope F85–93 in its neuraminidase stalk. F85–93-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were induced in mice after a single intranasal immunization with PR8/NA-F85-93 virus, and these CTLs provided a significant reduction in the lung viral load upon a subsequent challenge with RSV. To avoid influenza-induced morbidity, we treated mice with matrix protein 2 (M2e)-specific monoclonal antibodies before PR8/NA-F85-93 virus infection. Treatment with anti-M2e antibodies reduced the infiltration of immune cells in the lungs upon PR8/NA-F85-93 infection, whereas the formation of inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue was not affected. Moreover, this treatment prevented body weight loss yet still permitted the induction of RSV F-specific T cell responses and significantly reduced RSV replication upon challenge. These results demonstrate that it is possible to take advantage of the infection-permissive protection of M2e-specific antibodies against influenza A virus to induce heterologous CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity by an influenza A virus vector expressing the RSV F85-93 epitope.
Blood derived stem cells: An ameliorative therapy in veterinary ophthalmology

Stem cell technology has evoked considerable excitement among people interested in the welfare of animals, as it has suggested the potential availability of new tools for several pathologies, including eye disease, which in many cases is considered incurable. One such example is ulcerative keratitis, which is very frequent in horses. Because some of these corneal ulcers can be very severe, progress rapidly and, therefore, can be a possible cause of vision loss, it is important to diagnose them at an early stage and administer an appropriate treatment, which can be medical, surgical, or a combination of both. The therapeutic strategy should eradicate the infection in order to reduce or stop destruction of the cornea. In addition, it should support the corneal structures and control the uveal reaction, and the pain associated with it, in order to minimize scarring. In this study, we address how stem cells derived from peripheral blood can be used also in ophthalmological pathologies. Our results demonstrate that this treatment protocol improved eye disease in four horse cases, including corneal ulcers and one case of retinal detachment. In all cases, we detected a decrease in the intense inflammatory reaction as well as the restoration of the epithelial surface of the central cornea. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1250–1256, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of a method to examine shear stress on cardiomyocytes

DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD TO EXAMINE SHEAR STRESS ON CARDIOMYOCYTES by Dhawal Desai Cardiac hypertrophy is the remodeling or enlargement of the heart exhibited by individuals suffering from heart disease. Cardiac hypertrophy involves two mechanisms, mechanical stresses and humoral changes in the cardiac tissue. One such humoral change involves the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS). The primary function of RAS is maintenance of hemodynamics of the body mediated through an effector protein, Angiotensin II. However, RAS has been shown to play a significant role in the pathophysiology of the heart; contributing to hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial infarction. RAS acts through binding of Angiotensin II at its receptors. The two forms of Angiotensin II receptors, designated type one (AT 1) and type two (AT2), have been shown to have different functions and distribution in various body tissues. Receptors for both AT1 and AT2 are expressed on cardiomyocytes. The level of expression of each receptor type has been shown to have important implication. It has been suggested that the receptors may have cooperative yet opposing effects when bound by Angiotensin II. Thus, the level of expression may drive the system to or away from hypertrophy. The current research developed techniques to allow examination of the hypothesis that in cardiomyocytes, exposure to increasing shear stress causes upregulation of the AT1 and AT2 receptors. The isolated rat cardiomyocytes were exposed to shear stress and methods were developed to measure the change in AT1 and AT2 cellular expression resulting from the application of shear stress. The techniques required to accomplish this task including isolation of rat cardiomyocytes, flow chamber (shear stress) apparatus and use, handling of cardiomyocytes and molecular science techniques (RT-PCR) are described here in detail. The ability to track gene regulation of AT1 and AT2 receptors though RT-PCR techniques is demonstrated. The ability to attach cardiomyocytes to a culture dish surface in order to expose them to shear stress is also shown. However, to take full advantage of the flow chamber, stronger cell attachment to culture dish is required. Future research will be directed to achieving stronger adhesion between cardiomyocytes and the cell culture surface. Recent reports have suggested use of various culture surfaces and adhesion molecules including laminin, elastin, cell culture plastic, and fibronectin. Use of serum and serum free medium has also been suggested. DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD TO EXAMINE SHEAR STRESS ON CARDIOMYOCYTES
Preventing Diabetes

Readers of Diabetes Care know that the prevalence and cost of diabetes is increasing rapidly. Without a suitable population health response, the epidemic of obesity coupled with an aging population will relentlessly increase that burden. Breakthroughs in management of diabetes and systematic delivery of effective clinical services may ameliorate the enormous cost of the disease, but that is not the solution. The real answer lies in preventing the disease in the first place. Until recently, we had few effective strategies for attacking the root of the problem over the longer term. Those now exist. We need to promote primary prevention strategies to improve nutrition and reduce sedentary behavior, but to do so will require a major societal commitment to safe, walkable communities; good recreational facilities; changes in agricultural subsidies and marketing of poor food choices; school nutrition education and physical activity programs; social supports; financial incentives for fitness; and much more. The Guide to Community Preventive Services has begun to assess the effectiveness of those interventions (1). While we await the implementation and impact of primary prevention strategies, there are concrete actions that clinicians could take now if the necessary financial and delivery systems were in place. The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) unequivocally demonstrated the potential for slowing the progression of glucose impairment to diabetes. Metformin was effective, but the behavioral interventions were almost twice as effective (2), and …
Association Rule Tree Algorithm Based on Binary Information Granules

The classic association rules, Apriori algorithm and Fptree algorithm, are briefly illustrated to figure out the weakness of those algorithms. Then we develop an association rule tree algorithm from the idea of binary information granules. The algorithm retrieves the association rules from the association rule tree by computing of binary information granules, of which a system is converted from a transaction database. Finally, we discuss the practicality and feasibility of this approach with the actual instances and relevant reasoning of theorem.
Neuropsychiatric morbidity in focal epilepsy.

BACKGROUND Previous work has identified elevated prevalence rates for psychiatric disorders in individuals with medically refractory focal epilepsy, particularly temporal lobe epilepsy. Many studies were undertaken before the advent of video electroencephalogram monitoring (VEM) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). AIMS To investigate which characteristics of the focal epilepsy syndromes are associated with the presence of depression or psychosis. METHOD Three hundred and nineteen individuals with focal epilepsy admitted for VEM were seen over an 11-year period. The lifetime history of depression and psychosis, epileptic site, laterality and type of lesion were determined by clinical assessment, VEM and MRI scan. RESULTS There was a significant association between the prevalence of depressive symptoms and non-lesional focal epilepsy. There were no significant differences in prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders between the groups with temporal lobe epilepsy and those with extratemporal lobe epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS These findings contrast with previous findings in smaller cohorts. The association between non-lesional focal epilepsy and depression may be due to the effects of a more diffuse epileptogenic area.
DNA barcoding in Mexico: an introduction

DNA barcoding has become an important current scientific trend to the understanding of the world biodiversity. In the case of mega‐diverse hot spots like Mexico, this technique represents an important tool for taxonomists, allowing them to concentrate in highlighted species by the barcodes instead of analyzing entire sets of specimens. This tendency resulted in the creation of a national network named Mexican Barcode of Life (MEXBOL) which main goals are to train students, and to promote the interaction and collective work among researchers interested in this topic. As a result, the number of records in the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD) for some groups, such as the Mammalia, Actinopterygii, Polychaeta, Branchiopoda, Ostracoda, Maxillopoda, Nematoda, Pinophyta, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota place Mexico among the top ten countries in the generation of these data. This special number presents only few of the many interesting findings in this region of the world, after the use of this technique and its integration with other methodologies.
MISTRAL: a tool for energy-based multiple structural alignment of proteins

MOTIVATION The steady growth of the number of available protein structures has constantly motivated the development of new algorithms for detecting structural correspondences in proteins. Detecting structural equivalences in two or more proteins is computationally demanding as it typically entails the exploration of the combinatorial space of all possible amino acid pairings in the parent proteins. The search is often aided by the introduction of various constraints such as considering protein fragments, rather than single amino acids, and/or seeking only sequential correspondences in the given proteins. An additional challenge is represented by the difficulty of associating to a given alignment, a reliable a priori measure of its statistical significance. RESULTS Here, we present and discuss MISTRAL (Multiple STRuctural ALignment), a novel strategy for multiple protein alignment based on the minimization of an energy function over the low-dimensional space of the relative rotations and translations of the molecules. The energy minimization avoids combinatorial searches and returns pairwise alignment scores for which a reliable a priori statistical significance can be given. AVAILABILITY MISTRAL is freely available for academic users as a standalone program and as a web service at http://ipht.cea. fr/protein.php.
Loss of Cbl–PI3K Interaction Enhances Osteoclast Survival due to p21‐Ras Mediated PI3K Activation Independent of Cbl‐b

Cbl family proteins, Cbl and Cbl‐b, are E3 ubiquitin ligases and adaptor proteins, which play important roles in bone‐resorbing osteoclasts. Loss of Cbl in mice decreases osteoclast migration, resulting in delayed bone development where as absence of Cbl‐b decreases bone volume due to hyper‐resorptive osteoclasts. A major structural difference between Cbl and Cbl‐b is tyrosine 737 (in YEAM motif) only on Cbl, which upon phosphorylation interacts with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol‐3 Kinase (PI3K). In contrast to Cbl−/− and Cbl‐b−/−, mice lacking Cbl–PI3K interaction due to a Y737F (tyrosine to phenylalanine, YF) mutation showed enhanced osteoclast survival, but defective bone resorption. To investigate whether Cbl–PI3K interaction contributes to distinct roles of Cbl and Cbl‐b in osteoclasts, mice bearing CblY737F mutation in the Cbl‐b−/− background (YF/YF;Cbl‐b−/−) were generated. The differentiation and survival were augmented similarly in YF/YF and YF/YF;Cbl‐b−/− osteoclasts, associated with enhanced PI3K signaling suggesting an exclusive role of Cbl–PI3K interaction, independent of Cbl‐b. In addition to PI3K, the small GTPase Ras also regulates osteoclast survival. In the absence of Cbl–PI3K interaction, increased Ras GTPase activity and Ras–PI3K binding were observed and inhibition of Ras activation attenuated PI3K mediated osteoclast survival. In contrast to differentiation and survival, increased osteoclast activity observed in Cbl‐b−/− mice persisted even after introduction of the resorption‐defective YF mutation in YF/YF;Cbl‐b−/− mice. Hence, Cbl and Cbl‐b play mutually exclusive roles in osteoclasts. Whereas Cbl–PI3K interaction regulates differentiation and survival, bone resorption is predominantly regulated by Cbl‐b in osteoclasts. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1277–1289, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new heterometallic Cu(II)-Cd(II) complex based on 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid

Abstract A novel heterometallic complex [Cu2Cd2(OH)(BTC)(TMA)(H2O)2]n (1) (H3BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, H4TMA = 2-hydroxytimesic acid) is synthesized and characterized. The crystal structure analysis reveals that two crystallographically independent Cu(II) ions are both five-coordinate in distorted square pyramidal surroundings. And for two Cd(II) ions, Cd1 is six coordinated, displaying a distorted triangular prism; Cd2 is five-coordinated, fabricating a distorted trigonal bipyramid. In 1, the H3BTC ligand is partially oxidized into H4TMA, with bridging mode of μ8- and μ7- for TMA4− and BTC3−, respectively. Thus, 1 presents a 3D structure with (5, 6, 7, 9)-connected net topology.
Probiotic Microorganisms and Encapsulation Method Approaches

Nowadays, interest in probiotics, which are useful and necessary for healthy life, is rapidly increasing, and studies on the beneficial effects of probiotics on human health continue intensely. Every year, increasing efforts to prevent cancer, which has been anticipated, has increased the interest in probiotics and therefore synbiotics. Encapsulation methods are one of the most important protection methods currently used to ensure the viability of probiotics and their effectiveness. Especially milk and dairy products are used for many purposes such as increasing the shelf life, increasing the nutritional value, providing digestibility, shortening the ripening period, improving taste and aroma substances. The use of the microencapsulation technique alone can improve probiotic vitality. Combining microencapsulation with various food processing technologies is thought to help improve the vitality of probiotics in production and storage. In this chapter, probiotic microorganisms and encapsulation applications are explored. Probiotic Microorganisms and Encapsulation Method Approaches
Macrophage heterogeneity in atherosclerotic plaques

Purpose of review The varied behaviour of macrophages and foam cells during atherosclerosis and its clinical sequelae prompt the question whether all these activities can be the property of a single cell population. Recent findings Subsets of monocytes with distinct patterns of surface markers and behaviours during inflammation have recently been characterized and shown to have complementary roles during progression of atherosclerosis. A variety of macrophage phenotypes derived from these monocyte subsets in response to mediators of innate and acquired immunity have also been found in plaques. Based on functional properties and genomic signatures, they may have different impacts on facets of plaque development, including fibrous cap and lipid core formation. Summary Monocyte and macrophage phenotypic diversity is important in atherogenesis. More work is needed to define consistent marker sets for the different foam cell phenotypes in experimental animals and humans. Cell tracking studies are needed to establish their relationship with monocyte subtypes. In addition, genetic and pharmacological manipulation of phenotypes will be useful to define their functions and exploit the resulting therapeutic potential.
A clinical staging system for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Prognostic significance

One hundred and twenty‐nine patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) followed in our outpatient department for periods ranging from 6 months to 13 years were divided into five anatomico‐clinical stages: stage O (peripheral and bone marrow lymphocytosis); stage I (stage O + lymph node enlargement); stage II (stage O + palpable spleen); stage III (stage I + II); and stage IV (anemia or thrombocytopenia). Analysis of actuarial survival curves revealed the following: 1) median survival of the entire population exceeded 114 months; 2) there was no difference between the curves of stage O and stage I patients, 3) there was a significant difference between survival for stage III and IV patients as compared with stages O, I and II (p < 0.01); and 4) median survival for stage III and stage IV was 70 months; and 23 months, respectively. Age did not appear to be a prognostic factor. Prognosis was poorer in male patients and in those with a high initial lymphocyte count (50,000/mm3), but this was due to the higher incidence of stages III and IV in this population (p < 0.01). It was not possible, from this study, to draw any conclusions as to the beneficial effect of chlorambucil in the treatment of this disease. However, in patients treated with chlorambucil the response to therapy appeared to be a factor of prognostic significance. Patients who showed clinical and hematologic remission had a better prognostic outlook than those who showed only a partial response, while the worst prognosis was encountered in patients who did not respond at all. The five‐stage anatomico‐clinical classification system suggested appears to be the dominant prognostic factor and may thus serve as a guideline for therapeutic strategy. Cancer 40:855–864, 1977.
Image compositing system capable of long-range camera movement

We had been studying virtual studios that compose a camera image filmed in a real studio with a real-time CG image driven by camera data obtained from sensors attached to the real camera. In conventional virtual studios, however, the composite image is limited by the physical studio space when filming an actor in front of a chroma-key blue screen. We have designed and developed a new image compositing system capable of operating a camera over a very wide range that is physically impossible by any conventional means. This has been made possible by combining a real-time CG image with a real-time image-processed image of the foreground picture filmed by a motion control camera. The system films the object by moving the motion control camera within its range of physical motion; outside that range, it controls an image processor according to the principle of virtual shooting. In this way, the system realizes real-time camera work over an extremely wide range in a physically limited studio space. In this paper, we present the virtual shooting method mathematically and discuss its limitations when used to replace real shooting. We describe a system based on the results of the study, and introduce some examples of that system applied to TV program production.
Cost-Effectiveness of Posaconazole Compared with Standard Azole Therapy for Prevention of Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients at High Risk in Switzerland

Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of posaconazole versus standard azoles in the prevention of invasive fungal infection (IFI) in high-risk patients, using a pharmacoeconomic model that was adapted to a Swiss setting. Methods: Decision tree models based on the results of two registration trials and subsequent Markov models over patient lifetimes were developed for patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with neutropenia and for hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Results: By reducing IFIs in AML/MDS patients with posaconazole prophylaxis, the contained IFI-related treatment costs more than compensated for the incremental cost of posaconazole, resulting in savings of CHF 1,118 per patient. Lifetime posaconazole prophylaxis resulted in a benefit of 0.16 life years saved per patient compared with fluconazole/itraconazole. In patients with GVHD, posaconazole prophylaxis prevented 0.04 IFIs, resulting in incremental costs of CHF 7,040 per patient. Lifetime posaconazole prophylaxis resulted in a benefit of 0.15 life years saved per patient, with an incremental cost-effectiveness rate of CHF 48,324 per life year saved. Conclusions: Given the conditions of the Swiss setting, posaconazole can be considered a cost-effective early treatment strategy that increases survival in patients at risk for IFI and may have a substantial benefit for the economic burden of IFI.