Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cosmological hints of modified gravity

The recent measurements of Cosmic Microwave Background temperature and polarization anisotropies made by the Planck satellite have provided impressive confirmation of the $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model. However interesting hints of slight deviations from $\Lambda$CDM have been found, including a $95 \%$ c.l. preference for a "modified gravity" structure formation scenario. In this paper we confirm the preference for a modified gravity scenario from Planck 2015 data, find that modified gravity solves the so-called $A_{lens}$ anomaly in the CMB angular spectrum, and constrains the amplitude of matter density fluctuations to $\sigma_8=0. 815_{-0.048}^{+0.032}$, in better agreement with weak lensing constraints. Moreover, we find a lower value for the reionization optical depth of $\tau=0.059\pm0.020$ (to be compared with the value of $\tau= 0.079 \pm 0.017$ obtained in the standard scenario), more consistent with recent optical and UV data. We check the stability of this result by considering possible degeneracies with other parameters, including the neutrino effective number, the running of the spectral index and the amount of primordial helium. The indication for modified gravity is still present at about $95\%$ c.l. , and could become more significant if lower values of $\tau$ were to be further confirmed by future cosmological and astrophysical data.
Saturation of a large scale instability and non linear stuctures in a rotating stratified flow

In this letter, we present non linear structures resulting from the saturation of a large scale instability in rotating stratified fluids with small scale forced turbulence which we found in \cite{[1]}. These structures are of helical kinks type. The different solutions that we plotted correspond to solutions linking two different stationnary points for different values of the Rayleigh and the Taylor numbers.
Self-organization and magnetic domain microstructure of Fe nanowire arrays

Starting from essentially flat nanometer-thick Fe films, epitaxially grown at room temperature on W(110) surfaces, we used carefully tuned annealing schedules to produce periodic arrays of nanoscale ferromagnetic wires. The structural transition from continuous films to nanowire arrays is accompanied with an in-plane 90 degree rotation of the spontaneous magnetization. Using spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy to map the local magnetization directions while annealing, we studied the role of the dewetting mechanism on the self-organization and magnetization reorientation processes.
Rotational periods of magnetic chemically peculiar stars

Magnetic chemically peculiar (mCP) stars of the upper part of the main sequence usually exhibit strictly periodic variations of their light, spectrum and magnetic field. These changes can be well explained using the oblique rotator model of the rigidly rotating star with persistent photometric spots, uneven horizontal abundance of chemical elements and dipole-like magnetic field. Long-term observations of mCP stars variability enable to determine their rotational periods with an extraordinary accuracy and reliability. We compare rotational periods of mCP stars with those of normal main sequence stars of the same spectral type and discuss the found discrepancies. We also discuss the cases of mCP stars V901 Ori, SX Ari, CU Vir, (and possibly also EE Dra), which have been reported to display an increase of their rotational periods.
NUCLEOSYNTHETIC CONSTRAINTS ON THE MASS OF THE HEAVIEST SUPERNOVAE

We explore the sensitivity of nucleosynthesis in massive stars to the truncation of supernova explosions above a certain mass. It is assumed that stars of all masses contribute to nucleosynthesis by their pre-explosive winds, but above a certain limiting main sequence mass, MBH, the presupernova star becomes a black hole and ejects nothing more. The solar abundances from oxygen to atomic mass 90 are fit quite well assuming no cutoff at all, i.e., by assuming all stars up to 120 M☉ make successful supernovae. Little degradation in the fit occurs if MBH is reduced to 25 M☉. If this limit is reduced further however, the nucleosynthesis of the s-process declines precipitously and the production of species made in the winds, e.g., carbon, becomes unacceptably large compared with elements made in the explosion, e.g., silicon and oxygen. By varying uncertain physics, especially the mass loss rate for massive stars and the rate for the 22Ne(α, n)25Mg reaction rate, acceptable nucleosynthesis might still be achieved with a cutoff as low as 18 M☉. This would require, however, a supernova frequency three times greater than the fiducial value obtained when all stars explode in order to produce the required 16O. The effects of varying MBH on the nucleosynthesis of 60Fe and 26Al, the production of helium as measured by ΔY/ΔZ, and the average masses of compact remnants are also examined.
Solanum tuberosum Microtuber Development under Darkness Unveiled through RNAseq Transcriptomic Analysis

Potato microtuber (MT) development through in vitro techniques are ideal propagules for producing high quality potato plants. MT formation is influenced by several factors, i.e., photoperiod, sucrose, hormones, and osmotic stress. We have previously developed a protocol of MT induction in medium with sucrose (8% w/v), gelrite (6g/L), and 2iP as cytokinin under darkness. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved, we performed a transcriptome-wide analysis. Here we show that 1715 up- and 1624 down-regulated genes were involved in this biological process. Through the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analyses performed in the STRING database (v11.5), we found 299 genes tightly associated in 14 clusters. Two major clusters of up-regulated proteins fundamental for life growth and development were found: 29 ribosomal proteins (RPs) interacting with 6 PEBP family members and 117 cell cycle (CC) proteins. The PPI network of up-regulated transcription factors (TFs) revealed that at least six TFs–MYB43, TSF, bZIP27, bZIP43, HAT4 and WOX9–may be involved during MTs development. The PPI network of down-regulated genes revealed a cluster of 83 proteins involved in light and photosynthesis, 110 in response to hormone, 74 in hormone mediate signaling pathway and 22 related to aging.
Zero-energy Majorana modes in spin ladders and a possible realization of the Kitaev model

We show that in double-chain Mott insulators (ladders), disordered alternating ionic potentials may locally destroy coherence of magnetic excitations and lead to the appearance of spontaneously dimerized islands inside the Haldane spin-liquid phase. We argue that a boundary between the dimerized and Haldane phases of a spin-1/2 ladder supports a localized zero-energy Majorana fermion mode. Based on these findings we suggest a realization of a generalized Kitaev model where Majorana fermions can propagate in more than one dimension.
Effective equations for the precession dynamics of electron spins and electron–impurity correlations in diluted magnetic semiconductors

Starting from a quantum kinetic theory for the spin dynamics in diluted magnetic semiconductors, we derive simplified equations that effectively describe the spin transfer between carriers and magnetic impurities for an arbitrary initial impurity magnetization. Taking the Markov limit of these effective equations, we obtain good quantitative agreement with the full quantum kinetic theory for the spin dynamics in bulk systems at high magnetic doping. In contrast, the standard rate description where the carrier–dopant interaction is treated according to Fermi’s golden rule, which involves the assumption of a short memory as well as a perturbative argument, has been shown previously to fail if the impurity magnetization is non-zero. The Markov limit of the effective equations is derived, assuming only a short memory, while higher order terms are still accounted for. These higher order terms represent the precession of the carrier–dopant correlations in the effective magnetic field due to the impurity spins. Numerical calculations show that the Markov limit of our effective equations reproduces the results of the full quantum kinetic theory very well. Furthermore, this limit allows for analytical solutions and for a physically transparent interpretation.
Translation domains in multiferroics

We describe the behavior of translation domains – that is domains resulting from the breaking of translation rather than point symmetries – in multiferroics with simultaneous magnetic and ferroelectric order. First, we review the structure of order parameters describing translation domains. Then, we report our spatially resolved measurements of translation domains using piezoresponse force microscopy and optical second harmonic generation in two types of multiferroics. In the split-order-parameter multiferroic hexagonal YMnO3, we show that commensurate structural translation domains are rigidly coupled to the ferroelectric orientation domains so that the orientation domains adopt the translation domain structure. In contrast, in the joint-order-parameter multiferroic MnWO4, incommensurate magnetic translation domains are largely decoupled from the ferroelectric orientation but nevertheless limited by stability criteria. These pronounced manifestations of the generally ‘hidden’ translation domains emphasize that their presence should be taken into account when discussing the physical properties and functionalities of multiferroics.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS VI SDN 11 MANDAU MELALUI METODE DISCOVERY LEARNING

Artikel ini membahas sebuah penelitian mengenai aktivitas belajar siswa dan hasil belajar melalui model Discovery Learning. Penerapan model Discovery Learning dapat meningkatkan kemampuan penemuan individu selain itu agar kondisi belajar yang awalnya pasif menjadi lebih aktif dan kreatif. Penelitian yang digunakan berupa Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan menggunakan desain penelitian model Kemmis dan Mc. Taggart. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SDN 11 Mandau. Populasi penelitian melibatkan 21 siswa kelas VI (Enam), terdiri dari 11 perempuan dan 10 laki-laki. Penelitian menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi, wawancara dan tes evaluasi pada akhir siklus. Pada pra siklus kriteria aktivitas belajar siswa 38.09%. Setelah penerapan pembelajaran model Discovery Learning menunjukkan adanya peningkatan. Pada siklus I, kriteria aktivitas siswa 76.19% dan pada siklus II akivitas siswa 95.23% aktif dalam mengikuti proses pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan. Sedangkan hasil belajar siswa pada pra siklus diperoleh ketuntasan siswa 42.85% dengan nilai rata-rata 65.25. Pada siklus I, diperoleh ketuntasan siswa sebesar 71.42%, rata-rata yang diperoleh 75.50. Pada siklus II, ketuntasan belajar siswa meningkat menjadi 90.47% dengan rata-rata 84.25. Dalam hal ini, penerapan metode pembelajaran Discovery Learning pada mata pelajaran IPA dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa pada proses pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan.
THE EFFECT OF SURFACE BRIGHTNESS DIMMING IN THE SELECTION OF HIGH-z GALAXIES

Cosmological surface brightness (SB) dimming of the form (1 + z)−4 affects all sources. The strong dependence of SB dimming on redshift z suggests the presence of a selection bias when searching for high-z galaxies, i.e., we tend to detect only those galaxies with a high SB. However, unresolved knots of emission are not affected by SB dimming, thus providing a way to test the clumpiness of high-z galaxies. Our strategy relies on the comparison of the total flux detected for the same source in surveys characterized by different depth. For all galaxies, deeper images permit the better investigation of low-SB features. Cosmological SB dimming makes these low-SB features hard to detect when going to higher and higher redshifts. We used the GOODS and HUDF Hubble Space Telescope legacy data sets to study the effect of SB dimming on low-SB features of high-z galaxies and compare it to the prediction for smooth sources. We selected a sample of Lyman-break galaxies at z ∼ 4 (i.e., B435-band dropouts) detected in all of the data sets and found no significant trend when comparing the total magnitudes measured from images with different depth. Through Monte Carlo simulations we derived the expected trend for galaxies with different SB profiles. The comparison to the data hints at a compact distribution for most of the rest-frame ultraviolet light emitted from high-z galaxies.
A UNIFORM ANALYSIS OF 118 STARS WITH HIGH-CONTRAST IMAGING: LONG-PERIOD EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS ARE RARE AROUND SUN-LIKE STARS

We expand on the results of Nielsen et al., using the null result for giant extrasolar planets around the 118 target stars from the Very Large Telescope (VLT) NACO H- and Ks-band planet search (conducted by Masciadri and collaborators in 2003 and 2004), the VLT and MMT Simultaneous Differential Imager survey, and the Gemini Deep Planet Survey to set constraints on the population of giant extrasolar planets. Our analysis is extended to include the planet luminosity models of Fortney et al., as well as the correlation between stellar mass and frequency of giant planets found by Johnson et al. Doubling the sample size of FGKM stars strengthens our conclusions: a model for extrasolar giant planets with power laws for mass and semimajor axis as given by Cumming et al. cannot, with 95% confidence, have planets beyond 65 AU, compared to the value of 94 AU reported by Nielsen et al., using the models of Baraffe et al. When the Johnson et al. correction for stellar mass (which gives fewer Jupiter-mass companions to M stars with respect to solar-type stars) is applied, however, this limit moves out to 82 AU. For the relatively new Fortney et al. models, which predict fainter planets across most of parameter space, these upper limits, with and without a correction for stellar mass, are 182 and 234 AU, respectively.
Multi-agent reinforcement learning for fleet management: a survey

Fleet management has achieved great success benefiting from the application of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) in recent years and has yielded many successful commercial applications like ride-hailing services, whose basic goal is to efficiently manage the fleet of vehicles to meet the demand separated temporally and spatially. However, research that provides insight about how existing methods succeeded in dealing with massive agent interactions from a multi-agent perspective is still missing. In this paper, we review the RL methods of order dispatching and vehicle re-positioning in recent years, and classify them from the perspective of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). We provide a comparison of vehicle-based methods, grid-based methods, and order-based methods, along with the popular datasets and open simulators. Afterward, we discuss several challenges and opportunities for the application of DRL in this domain.
Relaxation of N-body systems with additive r−α interparticle forces

In Newtonian gravity the final states of cold dissipationless collapses are characterized by several structural and dynamical properties remarkably similar to those of observed elliptical galaxies. Are these properties a peculiarity of the Newtonian force or a more general feature of long-range forces? We study this problem by means of $N-$body simulations of dissipationless collapse of systems of particles interacting via additive $r^{-\alpha}$ forces. We find that most of the results holding in Newtonian gravity are also valid for $\alpha\neq2$. In particular the end products are triaxial and never flatter than an E7 system, their surface density profiles are well described by the S\'ersic law, the global density slope-anisotropy inequality is obeyed, the differential energy distribution is an exponential over a large range of energies (for $\alpha\geq1$), and the pseudo phase-space density is a power law of radius. In addition, we show that the process of virialization takes longer (in units of the system's dynamical time) for decreasing values of $\alpha$, and becomes infinite for $\alpha=-1$ (the harmonic oscillator). This is in agreement with the results of deep-MOND collapses (qualitatively corresponding to $\alpha=1$) and it is due to the fact the force becomes more and more similar to the $\alpha=-1$ case, where as well known no relaxation can happen and the system oscillates forever.
Bound states in weakly deformed waveguides: numerical vs analytical results

We have studied the emergence of bound states in weakly deformed and/or heterogeneous waveguides, comparing the analytical predictions obtained using a recently developed perturbative method, with precise numerical results, for different configurations (a homogeneous asymmetric waveguide, a heterogenous asymmetric waveguide and a homogeneous broken-strip). In all the examples considered in this paper we have found excellent agreement between analytical and numerical results, thus providing a numerical verification of the analytical approach.
Assessment of Cardiovascular Function in Childhood Leukemia Survivors: The Role of the Right Heart

Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors who underwent chemotherapy with anthracyclines have an increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of the study was to evaluate left and right cardiac chamber performances and vascular endothelial function in childhood ALL survivors. Fifty-four ALL survivors and 37 healthy controls were enrolled. All patients underwent auxological evaluation, blood pressure measurements, biochemical parameters of endothelial dysfunction, flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery, mean common carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT), antero-posterior diameter of the infra-renal abdominal aorta (APAO), and echocardiographic assessment. The ALL subjects had significantly lower FMD (p = 0.0041), higher left (p = 0.0057) and right (p = 0.0021) echocardiographic/Doppler Tei index (the non-invasive index for combined systolic and diastolic ventricular function) as compared to controls. Tricuspid annular plane excursion (TAPSE) was 16.9 ± 1.2 mm vs. 24.5 ± 3.7 mm, p < 0.0001. Cumulative anthracycline doses were related to TAPSE (p < 0.001). The ALL survivors treated with anthracyclines demonstrated systo/diastolic alterations of the right ventricle and reduced endothelial function compared with healthy controls. The early recognition of subclinical cardiac and vascular impairment during follow up is of utmost importance for the cardiologist to implement strategies preventing overt cardiovascular disease considering the growing number of young adults cured after childhood ALL.
Gravity with more or less gauging

General relativity is usually formulated as a theory with gauge invariance under the diffeomorphism group, but there is a ‘dilaton’ formulation where it is in addition invariant under Weyl transformations, and a ‘unimodular’ formulation where it is only invariant under the smaller group of special diffeomorphisms. Other formulations with the same number of gauge generators, but a different gauge algebra, also exist. These different formulations provide examples of what we call ‘inessential gauge invariance’, ‘symmetry trading’ and ‘linking theories’; they are locally equivalent, but may differ when global properties of the solutions are considered. We discuss these notions in the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism.
Non-linear response in extended systems: a real-time approach

In this thesis we present a new formalism to study linear and non-linear response in extended systems. Our approach is based on real-time solution of an effective Schrodinger equation. The coupling between electrons and external field is described by means of Modern Theory of Polarization. Correlation effects are derived from Green's function theory. We show that the inclusion of local-field effects and electron-hole interaction is crucial to predict and reproduce second and third harmonic generation in low dimensional structures, where strong bound excitons are present. Finally in the last part we introduce a real-time density functional approach suitable for infinite periodic crystals in which we work within the so-called length gauge and calculate the polarisation as a dynamical Berry's phase. This approach, in addition to the electron density considers also the macroscopic polarisation as a main variable to correctly treat periodic crystals in presence of electric fields within a density functional framework.
In situ models for planet assembly around cool stars

Abstract We present a model for the in situ assembly of planetary systems around a 0.5 M⊙ star, and compare the resulting statistics with the observed sample of cool Kepler planet candidates. We are able to reproduce the distribution of planetary periods and period ratios, although we once again find an underabundance of single transit systems relative to the observations. We also demonstrate that almost every planetary system assembled in this fashion contains at least one planet in the habitable zone, and that water delivery to these planets can potentially produce water content comparable to that of Earth. Our results broadly support the notion that habitable planets are plentiful around M dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood.
Some results on the topology of real Bott towers

The main aim of this article is to study the topology of real Bott towers as special and interesting examples of real toric varieties. We first give a presentation of the fundamental group of a real Bott tower and show that the fundamental group is abelian if and only if the real Bott tower is a product of circles. We further prove that the fundamental group of a real Bott tower is always solvable and it is nilpotent if and only if it is abelian. We then describe the cohomology ring of a real Bott tower and also give recursive formulae for the Steifel Whitney classes. We derive combinatorial characterization for orientability of these manifolds and further give a combinatorial formula for the $(n-1)$th Steifel Whitney class. In particular, we show that if a Bott tower is orientable then the $(n-1)$th Steifel Whitney class must also vanish. Moreover, by deriving a combinatorial formula for the second Steifel-Whitney class we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the Bott tower to admit a spin structure. We finally prove the vanishing of all the Steifel-Whitney numbers and hence establish that these manifolds are null-cobordant.
Genetic parameter estimation for growth traits in males of Karan fries cattle

The significance of sire selection in the herd is reflected by the total genetic gain through sire-to-sire and sireto- dam pathways contributing greater than 50% contribution. The present investigation was carried out to estimate genetic parameters of males of Tharparkar (TP) and Karan-Fries (KF) cattle. Data on body weights of Tharparkar and Karan Fries males born during the period 199-2012 at ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (ICAR-NDRI), Karnal, India were utilized in the present study. The genetic and phenotypic correlations among different body weights were estimated from the analysis of variance and covariance among sire groups. Paternal half-sib correlation method was used to estimate heritability of growth traits. Heritability estimates in KF were found to be of moderate to high magnitude, as 0.23±0.06, 0.43±0.10, 0.28±0.10, 0.36±0.11, 0.39±0.12, 0.38±0.14, 0.27±0.19 for weight at birth and weight at monthly interval up to six months, respectively. Genetic and phenotypic correlations were found to vary from moderate to high among the traits. Our study revealed that the magnitude of heritability indicates a high scope of further improvement in Karan Fries. Selective breeding and positive genetic correlations should be considered while designing selection programs.