Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancer-driven membrane markers for analysis of nonautonomous mechanisms reveal neuron–glia interactions in Drosophila

Extrinsic factors and the interactions of neurons with surrounding tissues are essential for almost every aspect of neuronal development. Here we describe a strategy of gene expression with an independent enhancer-driven cellular marker (GEEM) for studying roles of cell–cell interactions and extrinsic factors in the development of the Drosophila nervous system. Key to this strategy is robust expression of enhancer-driven transgenic markers in specific neurons. To this end, we have created vectors to achieve bright and even labeling of neuronal processes, easy cloning of enhancer elements, and efficient and flexible generation of transgenic animals. We provide examples of enhancer-driven membrane markers for specific neurons in both the peripheral and central nervous systems and their applications in the study of neuronal projections and connections in the Drosophila brain. We further applied GEEM to examine the wrapping of sensory neuron somas by glia during embryonic and larval stages, and neuron–glia interaction during dendrite pruning in live animals, leading to the discovery that glia play critical roles in the severing and degradation of proximal dendrites. The GEEM paradigm should be applicable to the studies of both cell-autonomous and nonautonomous regulations of any cell type.
A QUANTITATIVE-GENETIC ANALYSIS OF HIPPOCAMPAL VARIATION IN THE MOUSE

SUMMARY This report analyses the genetic underpinnings of the proportions of the hippocampal terminal fields in the mouse at the midseptotemporal level. We used 5 inbred strains and all possible F1 crosses between them (diallel cross). Broad heritabilities ranged from 11 to 53%. Additive genetic variation was present for all phenotypes analyzed. Directional dominance was found for the relative size of the suprapyramidal mossy fiber terminal field only. For the stratum lacunosum-moleculare, ambidirectional dominance emerged. These findings suggest that, in evolutionary history, directional selection has operated for a proportionally large suprapyramidal terminal field. For all other hippocampal variables (viz. the relative sizes for the strata oriens, pyramidale, radiatum, lacunosum-moleculare, CA4, intra- and infrapyramidal mossy fiber terminal field and the absolute size of the regio inferior) past stabilizing selection was inferred.
Environmental enrichment protects against functional deficits caused by traumatic brain injury

Environmental enrichment (EE) increases cortical weight, neuronal density, dendritic branching, and angiogenesis, all of which may be critical for functional recovery following insult. Our study was designed to determine possible benefits of pre-exposure to EE in preventing functional deficits following traumatic brain injury (TBI) to the prefrontal cortex. To examine the benefit of EE, adult male rats were placed in an enriched environment for 15 days. Enrichment was provided through social interaction, exercise, olfactory stimulation, and new objects/toys to explore. Following enrichment, experimental and age-matched controls were subjected to a moderate medial prefrontal cortex injury via controlled cortical impact (CCI). After 1 week recovery, animals were behaviorally tested to assess memory, anxiety, and sensory neglect. Lesion-induced deficits in spatial memory [Morris water maze (MWM)] were significantly attenuated in EE pre-exposed rats 18–21 days following injury. In addition, TBI-induced sensory neglect was significantly reduced in EE rats relative to non-enriched animals. No differences in anxiety-like behavior on the elevated plus maze (EPM) were detected. The behavioral data suggest that EE is neuroprotective when applied prior to TBI, resulting in improved recovery following injury.
NIF4OGGD - NLP Interchange Format for Open German Governmental Data

In the last couple of years the amount of structured open government data has increased significantly. Already now, citizens are able to leverage the advantages of open data through increased transparency and better opportunities to take part in governmental decision making processes. Our approach increases the interoperability of existing but distributed open governmental datasets by converting them to the RDF-based NLP Interchange Format (NIF). Furthermore, we integrate the converted data into a geodata store and present a user interface for querying this data via a keyword-based search. The language resource generated in this project is publicly available for download and also via a dedicated SPARQL endpoint.
Exstatic: a generic static checker applied to documentation systems

Exstatic is a generic static checker developed by the author to address many of the practical problems in program development. Static checking provides a valuable means for automating time consuming checks not only concerned with program correctness (writing the right program), but also to do with style (writing the program right). Previous static checkers have been closely coupled with compilation systems, and therefore tend to be applicable to the code itself and not to all of the textual information (such as makefiles, comments, documentation sources) surrounding the code. The generic nature of Exstatic allows it to overcome these boundaries, and indeed it can be applied to any medium for which there is a formally definable syntax and (to an extent) semantics. Exstatic can therefore be used to increase the productivity and quality of documentation of programs, checking for such things as adherence to house style, consistency with the program being documented and self consistency. This paper describes the design and use of Exstatic, with particular reference to its use in documentation systems.
Headio: zero-configured heading acquisition for indoor mobile devices through multimodal context sensing

Heading information becomes widely used in ubiquitous computing applications for mobile devices. Digital magnetometers, also known as geomagnetic field sensors, provide absolute device headings relative to the earth's magnetic north. However, magnetometer readings are prone to significant errors in indoor environments due to the existence of magnetic interferences, such as from printers, walls, or metallic shelves. These errors adversely affect the performance and quality of user experience of the applications requiring device headings. In this paper, we propose Headio, a novel approach to provide reliable device headings in indoor environments. Headio achieves this by aggregating ceiling images of an indoor environment, and by using computer vision-based pattern detection techniques to provide directional references. To achieve zero-configured and energy-efficient heading sensing, Headio also utilizes multimodal sensing techniques to dynamically schedule sensing tasks. To fully evaluate the system, we implemented Headio on both Android and iOS mobile platforms, and performed comprehensive experiments in both small-scale controlled and large-scale public indoor environments. Evaluation results show that Headio constantly provides accurate heading detection performance in diverse situations, achieving better than 1 degree average heading accuracy, up to 33X improvement over existing techniques.
The skillful body as a concernful system of possible actions: Phenomena and neurodynamics

For Merleau-Ponty, consciousness in skillful coping is a matter of prereflective `I can' and not explicit `I think that. ' The body unifies many domain-specific capacities. There exists a direct link between the perceived possibilities for action in the situation (`affordances') and the organism's capacities. From Merleau-Ponty's descriptions it is clear that in a flow of skillful actions, the leading `I can' may change from moment to moment without explicit deliberation. How these transitions occur, however, is less clear. Given that Merleau-Ponty suggested that a better understanding of the self-organization of brain and behavior is important, I will re-read his descriptions of skillful coping in the light of recent ideas on neurodynamics. Affective processes play a crucial role in evaluating the motivational significance of objects and contribute to the individual's prereflective responsiveness to relevant affordances.
Glucose and the Gut: A Case Report of Acute Gastric Dilatation in Type I Diabetes Mellitus

This case report details the complex management of gastroparesis in a 23 year old female with long standing type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Despite substantial efforts to control her diabetes and gastrointestinal symptomology, the disease course prevailed and a vicious cycle ensued of unstable blood glucose levels and gut instability. Her gastroparesis deteriorated despite meticulous evidence-based medical and surgical management. The patient’s demise eventuated from acute colonic dilatation requiring pancolectomy followed by acute gastric dilatation that ultimately resulted in her death.
Attributional style, academic self-efficacy, and attempts to influence the study environment

Relationships between students’ attributional styles, self-efficacy and strategies to influence and take control over their study situation are explored and a comparison between female and male students investigated. Participants were 271 students enrolled in two Masters Programmes in Engineering. The participants completed a questionnaire measuring academic self-efficacy, a questionnaire measuring strategies to influence the study situation and a questionnaire measuring satisfaction with study results and attributional style. Internal and global attributional styles were related to higher self-efficacy and higher beliefs in opportunities to influence the study situation. External attributional style was associated with formal strategies to influence the studies while attributions on the globality dimension were associated with social strategies to take control over their studies. Female students who perceived their study results as successful were more likely than male students to attribute their results as unstable.
Positive predictive value of screening mammography by age and family history of breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE To determine the positive predictive value (PPV) of low-cost screening mammography according to age and family history of breast cancer. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Six counties in northern California. PARTICIPANTS A total of 31,814 women aged 30 years and older referred for mammography to the University of California, San Francisco, Mobile Mammography Screening Program from April 18, 1985, through November 20, 1992. MEASUREMENTS Breast cancer risk profile, two standard mammographic views per breast, and follow-up of abnormal screening examinations. RESULTS Although women aged 50 years or older constituted only 38.3% of all women who received first-screening mammography, 74% of breast cancers were detected in this group. Ten cancers were diagnosed per 1000 first-screening examinations in women aged 50 years or older, with 14.8 diagnostic procedures per cancer diagnosed compared with two cancers per 1000 screening examinations and 48.3 diagnostic tests per cancer diagnosed in women younger than 50 years. The PPV of first-screening mammography (number of breast cancers detected per abnormal examination) increased with age: . 03 for those aged 30 to 39 years; . 04 for those aged 40 to 49; . 09 for those aged 50 to 59; . 17 for those aged 60 to 69; and . 19 for those aged 70 years or older (chi 2 for trend, P < .001). Women aged 50 to 59 years had a higher PPV for first-screening mammography than women aged 40 to 49 years (.09 vs. .04; P = .004), and women with a family history of breast cancer had higher PPVs compared with women without history (40 to 49 years of age, .13 vs .04, P = .01; and 50 to 59 years of age, .22 vs .09, P = .01). CONCLUSION Five times as many cancers per 1000 first-screening mammographic examinations were diagnosed in women aged 50 years or older compared with women aged less than 50 years. The highest PPVs for mammography were in women aged 50 years or older and in women aged 40 years or older with a family history of breast cancer. Efforts to promote screening mammography should focus on women in these groups, in whom the majority of breast cancers occur and for whom mammography has the highest PPVs.
Sound and Sign, Childhood Deafness and Mental Health

In undergoing this life, many people always try to do and get the best. New knowledge, experience, lesson, and everything that can improve the life will be done. However, many people sometimes feel confused to get those things. Feeling the limited of experience and sources to be better is one of the lacks to own. However, there is a very simple thing that can be done. This is what your teacher always manoeuvres you to do this one. Yeah, reading is the answer. Reading a book as this sound and sign childhood deafness and mental health and other references can enrich your life quality. How can it be?
Effect of ischemia and hypertonic saline loading on renal adenine nucleotides.

UNLABELLED The present study was done to determine: (1) regional (cortex, red medulla and papilla) changes in ATP, ADP and AMP resulting from periods of ischemia of 30-300 s; (2) whether ischemic changes in adenine nucleotides or lactate were modified by hypertonic saline loading, and (3) whether adenylate kinase activity was present in each region. Ischemia led to changes in all three adenine nucleotides which were characteristic for each region. In cortex, there was a major decrease in ATP, increase in AMP and a small transient increase in ADP. In red medulla there were slower changes in ATP, ADP and AMP. In papilla, ATP decreased slightly and ADP, as opposed to AMP, accumulated. Hypertonic saline loading increased the rate of ATP decrease and AMP accumulation, most markedly in red medulla. Lactate concentration rose similarly in control and hypertonic saline studies. Adenylate kinase activity was found to be present in each region. IN CONCLUSION (1) the rate of change of all three adenine nucleotides differs among the three renal areas studied; (2) increases in renal transport work, associated with hypertonic saline loading, are reflected in an increase in the rate of ATP decay during ischemia; (3) anaerobic metabolism, as indicated by tissue lactate concentration, is not altered by hypertonic saline loading, and (4) the failure of AMP to accumulate in papilla is not due to the absence of adenylate kinase.
Distributed approximate mining of frequent patterns

This paper discusses a novel communication efficient distributed algorithm for approximate mining of frequent patterns from transactional databases. The proposed algorithm consists in the distributed exact computation of locally frequent itemsets and an effective method for inferring the local support of locally unfrequent itemsets. The combination of the two strategies gives a good approximation of the set of the globally frequent patterns and their supports. Several tests on publicly available datasets were conducted, aimed at evaluating the similarity between the exact result set and the approximate ones returned by our distributed algorithm as well as the scalability of the proposed method.
Motor-dependent microtubule disassembly driven by tubulin tyrosination

In cells, stable microtubules (MTs) are covalently modified by a carboxypeptidase, which removes the C-terminal Tyr residue of α-tubulin. The significance of this selective detyrosination of MTs is not understood. In this study, we report that tubulin detyrosination in fibroblasts inhibits MT disassembly. This inhibition is relieved by overexpression of the depolymerizing motor mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK). Conversely, suppression of MCAK expression prevents disassembly of normal tyrosinated MTs in fibroblasts. Detyrosination of MTs suppresses the activity of MCAK in vitro, apparently as the result of a decreased affinity of the adenosine diphosphate (ADP)–inorganic phosphate- and ADP-bound forms of MCAK for the MT lattice. Detyrosination also impairs MT disassembly in neurons and inhibits the activity of the neuronal depolymerizing motor KIF2A in vitro. These results indicate that MT depolymerizing motors are directly inhibited by the detyrosination of tubulin, resulting in the stabilization of cellular MTs. Detyrosination of transiently stabilized MTs may give rise to persistent subpopulations of disassembly-resistant polymers to sustain subcellular cytoskeletal differentiation.
Performance Analysis of Offloading Systems in Mobile Wireless Environments

Offloading is an approach to leverage the severity of resource constrained nature of mobile devices (such as PDAs, mobile phones) by migrating part of the computation of applications to some nearby resource-rich surrogates (e.g., desktop PCs, mobility support stations). It is an essential mechanism for the execution of pervasive services. However, the mobile nature of mobile devices and the unstable connectivity of wireless links all render a less predictability of the performance of a pervasive service running under the control of offloading systems. This paper proposes an analytical model to express the performance of offloading systems in mobile wireless environments. We investigate the surrogate unreachability when mobile devices move following random waypoint (RWP) mobility scheme. We model the failure recovery time and total execution time of pervasive applications that run under the control of offloading systems. Detailed evaluation and analysis results are reported and the results of this paper can be used as design guidance for pervasive service offloading systems.
Zebrafish Foxi1 provides a neuronal ground state during inner ear induction preceding the Dlx3b/4b-regulated sensory lineage

Vertebrate inner ear development is a complex process that involves the induction of a common territory for otic and epibranchial precursors and their subsequent segregation into otic and epibranchial cell fates. In zebrafish, the otic-epibranchial progenitor domain (OEPD) is induced by Fgf signaling in a Foxi1- and Dlx3b/4b-dependent manner, but the functional differences of Foxi1 and Dlx3b/4b in subsequent cell fate specifications within the developing inner ear are poorly understood. Based on pioneer tracking (PioTrack), a novel Cre-dependent genetic lineage tracing method, and genetic data, we show that the competence to embark on a neuronal or sensory fate is provided sequentially and very early during otic placode induction. Loss of Foxi1 prevents neuronal precursor formation without affecting hair cell specification, whereas loss of Dlx3b/4b inhibits hair cell but not neuronal precursor formation. Consistently, in Dlx3b/4b- and Sox9a-deficient b380 mutants almost all otic epithelial fates are absent, including sensory hair cells, and the remaining otic cells adopt a neuronal fate. Furthermore, the progenitors of the anterior lateral line ganglia also arise from the OEPD in a Foxi1-dependent manner but are unaffected in the absence of Dlx3b/4b or in b380 mutants. Thus, in addition to otic fate Foxi1 provides neuronal competence during OEPD induction prior to and independently of the Dlx3b/4b-mediated sensory fate of the developing inner ear.
Social identity formation during the emergence of the occupy movement

The Occupy movement made a series of local ‘sit-ins’ in cities across the world in response to financial and political injustices. Prior to the movement's emergence, the Internet provided a transnational forum for people across the world to discuss their opinions and coalesce about the financial and political contexts. Here, we analyse 5343 posts on the ‘#OccupyWallStreet’ Facebook event page to identify linguistic markers of shared social identity formation. Results suggest that discussants formed a shared identity if they agreed on both the desired change (the injunctive norm, ‘revoke corporate personhood’) and the predefined action (Occupy Wall Street). Lines of consensus and dissensus on injunctive norms and actions delineated the development of both affirmational in-group and negational out-group identities. We conclude that online discussion can create both in-groups and out-groups through (in)validating ideas about social reformation and delineating shared psychological spaces.
Simvastatin Attenuates Stroke-induced Splenic Atrophy and Lung Susceptibility to Spontaneous Bacterial Infection in Mice

Background and Purpose— Statins are widely used in the primary and secondary prevention of ischemic stroke, but their effects on stroke-induced immunodepression and poststroke infections are elusive. We investigated the effects of simvastatin treatment on stroke-induced splenic atrophy and lung susceptibility to bacterial infection in acute experimental stroke in mice. Methods— Ischemic stroke was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, followed by reperfusion. In some experiments, splenectomies were performed 2 weeks before middle cerebral artery occlusion. Animals were randomly assigned to sham and middle cerebral artery occlusion groups treated subcutaneously with vehicle or simvastatin (20 mg/kg per day). Brain infarction, neurological function, brain interferon-&ggr; expression, splenic atrophy and apoptosis, and lung infection were examined. Results— Simvastatin reduced stroke-induced spleen atrophy and splenic apoptosis via increased mitochrondrial antiapoptotic Bcl-2 expression and decreased proapoptotic Bax translocation from cytosol into mitochondria. Splenectomy reduced brain interferon-&ggr; (3 days) and infarct size (5 days) after stroke, and these effects were reversed by adoptive transfer of splenocytes. Simvastatin inhibited brain interferon-&ggr; (3 days) and reduced infarct volume and neurological deficits (5 days) after stroke, and these protective effects were observed not only in naive stroke mice but also in splenectomied stroke mice adoptively transferred with splenocytes. Simvastatin also decreased the stroke-associated lung susceptibility to spontaneous bacterial infection. Conclusions— Results provide the first direct experimental evidence that simvastatin ameliorates stroke-induced peripheral immunodepression by attenuating spleen atrophy and lung bacterial infection. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the beneficial effects of statins in the treatment of stroke.
Early detection by diffusion‐weighted sequence magnetic resonance imaging of severe brain lesions after fetoscopic laser coagulation for twin–twin transfusion syndrome

Monochorionic twins treated by fetoscopic laser coagulation (FLC) for twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) are at increased risk of neurodevelopmental impairment. Our aim was to evaluate the additional value of diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) over fetal sonography and T2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection of acute ischemic cerebral lesions shortly following FLC.
Piezoresistive pressure sensing by porous silicon membrane

In this paper, the piezoresistive pressure-sensing property of porous silicon has been reported. The pressure sensitivity of a porous silicon membrane of 63% porosity and 20-/spl mu/m thickness has been observed to be about three times more than that of a conventional bulk silicon membrane of the same dimensions. The increased sensitivity is attributed to the improvement in piezoresistance due to quantum confinement in the porous silicon nanostructure. The piezoresistive coefficient of porous silicon is estimated for the first time and is observed to be about 50% larger than that of monocrystalline silicon for a 63% porosity porous silicon membrane. The response time has also been studied and observed to be significantly shorter. Power dissipation of the porous silicon pressure sensor is also much less compared to that of commercial bulk silicon piezoresistive pressure sensors.