Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Techniques and Strategies

ognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a rich, complex, and evolving model of treatment that has been developed for and applied to a wide range of mental health and physical problems and disorders. From its early days in the 1970s, CBT has grown to become one of the preeminent models of psychotherapy, and it is widely distributed and used around the globe. Specific forms of CBT have been recognized as evidence-based treatments for a vast array of disorders, from organizations as wide ranging as the American Psychiatric Association, the Australian Psychological Association, the British National Institute for Clinical Excellence, and many others in many parts of the world. This volume was written to elucidate and portray some of the key principles and therapeutic processes that are practiced by effective cognitive behavioral therapists. The organization of this book roughly follows the temporal sequence of a typical CBT application in that we begin with a discussion of the usual ways that we think broadly about the field and C
Toward a Model of Exercise Motivation

This study compared the ability of Bandura's social cognitive theory and Fish-bein and Ajzen's theory of reasoned action to predict exercise behavior. The theories' constructs were assessed and then the exercise behaviors of 328 individuals were recorded for the following 7 weeks. A path analysis indicated that the theory of reasoned action model fit the data, but explained only 5 % of the exercise behavior variance. Two social cognitive theory variables, self-efficacy and self-evaluated dissatisfaction, significantly predicted exercise behavior. Also, a multiplicative function of self-evaluated dissatisfaction and outcome expectations increased the amount of predicted exercise behavior variance to 16%. Thus, individuals who were confident they could adhere to an exercise program and were satisfied with their standing on probable outcomes from participation (e.g., present body weight) exercised more days per week. A commonality analysis indicated that the theory of reasoned action did not account for any .
Egocentric activity recognition with multimodal fisher vector

With the increasing availability of wearable devices, research on egocentric activity recognition has received much attention recently. In this paper, we build a Multimodal Egocentric Activity dataset which includes egocentric videos and sensor data of 20 fine-grained and diverse activity categories. We present a novel strategy to extract temporal trajectory-like features from sensor data. We propose to apply the Fisher Kernel framework to fuse video and temporal enhanced sensor features. Experiment results show that with careful design of feature extraction and fusion algorithm, sensor data can enhance information-rich video data. We make publicly available the Multimodal Egocentric Activity dataset to facilitate future research.
Exploring Aerosol Effects on Rainfall for Brisbane, Australia

The majority of studies assessing aerosol effects on rainfall use coarse spatial scale (1° latitude/longitude or more) and multi-seasonal or decadal data sets. Here, we present results from a spatial correlation of aerosol size distribution and rain rate for selected stratiform and cumuliform precipitation events. The chemistry transport version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model was used to estimate aerosol parameters during rain events Aerosol maps were then compared with observations of rainfall using geostatistics for the first time. The cross-variogram analysis showed that anthropogenic aerosol was associated with areas of less intense rain within the stratiform system studied. For cumuliform systems, cross-variogram analysis found that anthropogenic emissions may be associated with enhanced rain downwind of aerosol emissions. We conclude that geostatistics provides a promising new technique to investigate relationships between aerosols and rainfall at spatial scales of 1 km which complements more commonly used methods to study aerosol effects on rainfall.
The Research of NIDS Based on Improved GA

To settle the problems in existing intrusion detection systems, this paper researches the application of genetic algorithms in intrusion detection system, discusses the fitness function structure, and improves population choice and selection operator and crossover operator and mutation operator. We propose an intrusion detection model based on improved genetic algorithm and proves it's feasible by experiments.
Comprehensive sequence analysis of the 182 predicted open reading frames of yeast chromosome III

With the completion of the first phase of the European yeast genome sequencing project, the complete DNA sequence of chromosome III of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has become available (Oliver, S.G., et al., 1992, Nature 357, 38–46). We have tested the predictive power of computer sequence analysis on the 176 probable protein products of this chromosome, after exclusion of six problem cases. When the results of database similarity searches are pooled with prior knowledge, a likely function can be assigned to 42% of the proteins, and a predicted three‐dimensional structure to a third of these (14% of the total). The function of the remaining 58% remains to be determined. Of these, about one‐third have one or more probable transmembrane segments. Among the most interesting proteins with predicted functions are a new member of the type X polymerase family, a transcription factor with an N‐terminal DNA‐binding domain related to GAL4, a “fork head” DNA‐binding domain previously known only in Drosophila and in mammals, and a putative methyltransferase. Our analysis increased the number of known significant sequence similarities on chromosome III by 13, to now 67. Although the near 40% success rate of identifying unknown protein function by sequence analysis is surprisingly high, the information gap between known protein sequences and unknown function is expected to widen and become a major bottleneck of genome projects in the near future. Based on the experience gained in this test study, we suggest that the development of an automated computer workbench for protein sequence analysis must be an important item in genome projects.
Exogenous Melatonin Improves Antioxidant Defense in Cucumber Seeds (Cucumis sativus L.) Germinated under Chilling Stress

The relationship between exogenous melatonin applied into cucumber seeds during osmopriming and modifications of their antioxidant defense was studied. Accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione pool were investigated in embryonic axes isolated from the control, osmoprimed, and osmoprimed with melatonin seeds. Germinating cucumber seeds are very sensitive to chilling. Temperature 10°C causes oxidative stress in young seedlings. Seed pre-treatment with melatonin seemed to limit H2O2 accumulation during germination under optimal condition as well as during chilling stress and recovery period. Melatonin affected superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and its isoforms during stress and recovery period but did not influence CAT and POX activities. Thus it is possible that in cucumber this indoleamine could act mostly as a direct H2O2 scavenger, but superoxide anion combat via SOD stimulation. The GSH/GSSG ratio is considered as an indirect determinant of oxidative stress. When the cells are exposed to oxidative stress GSSG is accumulated and the ratio of GSH to GSSG decreases. In our research pre-sowing melatonin application into the cucumber seeds caused high beneficial value of GSH/GSSG ratio that could be helpful for stress countering. Glutathione reductase (GSSG-R) activity in the axes isolated from these seeds was two fold higher than in those isolated from the control and from the osmoprimed without melatonin ones. Additional isoforms of GSSG-R in melatonin treated seeds were also observed. It explains high and effective GSH pool restoration in the seeds pre-treated with melatonin. We confirmed that melatonin could protect cucumber seeds and young seedlings against oxidative stress directly and indirectly detoxifying ROS, thereby plants grown better even in harmful environmental conditions. This work is the first that investigated on plant in vivo model and documented melatonin influence on redox state during seed germination. This way we try to fill lack of information about melatonin-regulated pathways involved in antioxidant strategy of plant defense.
Stable minimal hypersurfaces in a nonnegatively curved manifold

The classical Bernstein Theorem asserts that an entire minimal graph in R must be planar. This theorem was subsequently generalized to higher dimensions by the works of Fleming [10], Almgren [1], DeGiorgi [6], and Simons [23]. The final result states that an entire n-dimensional minimal graph in R must be given by a linear function over R providing that n ≤ 7. On the other hand, nonlinear entire minimal graphs in R for n ≥ 8 were found by Bombieri, DeGiorgi, and Guisti in [2]. Due to the fact that minimal graphs are area minimizing, they are contained in a larger class of submanifolds given by the stable minimal hypersurfaces in R. In 1979, do Carmo and Peng [7] proved that a complete, stable, minimally immersed hypersurface M in R must be planar. At the same time, Fischer-Colbrie and Schoen [9] independently showed that a complete, stable, minimally immersed hypersurface M in a complete 3-dimensional manifold N with nonnegative scalar curvature must be either conformally a plane R or conformally a cylinder R× S. For the special case when N is R, they also proved that M must be planar. In 1984, Gulliver [11] studied a yet larger class of submanifolds in R. He proved that a complete, oriented, minimally immersed hypersurface with finite index in R must have finite total curvature. In particular, applying a theorem of Huber [13], one concludes that the hypersurface must be conformally equivalent to a compact Riemann surface with finitely many punctures. The same result was also independently proved by Fischer-Colbrie in [8]. In addition, she also proved that a complete, oriented, minimally immersed hypersurface with finite index in a complete 3-dimensional manifold with nonnegative scalar curvature must be conformally equivalent to a compact Riemann surface with finite punctures. Shortly
Two Scalable Approaches to Analyzing Network Security Using Compact Attack Graphs

The compact attack graphs can implicitly reveal the potential threat of sophisticated multi-step attacks by enumerating possible sequences of exploits leading to the compromising given critical resources in enterprise networks with thousands of hosts. For security analysts, the challenge is how to analyze the complex attack graphs with possible ten thousands of nodes for defending the security of network. In the paper, we will essentially discuss two issues about it. The first is to compute non-loop attack paths with the distance less than the given number that the real attacker may take in realistic attack scenarios. The second is how to measure security risk. Two scalable approaches are proposed to solve the above two issues respectively. These approaches are proved to have a polynomial time complexity and can scale to the attack graphs with ten thousands of nodes corresponding to large enterprise networks.
Multi-domain Cross-lingual Information Extraction from Clean and Noisy Texts

We have created a human-annotated, multi-event, cross-lingual cor- pus of equivalent summaries in Spanish and English to investigate cross-lingual information extraction. The corpus contains, in addition to pairs of equivalent non-translated summaries, automatic translations of each summary produced using an available translation tool. We have developed trainable information extraction systems per language and have applied them to both original sum- maries and their automatic translations obtaining encouraging results. Resumo. Apresentamos um estudo de extrac¸˜
Decomposition vs . Transformation : Case Studies of Two Models of the Design Process

Applications of Artificial Intelligence to engineering design problems tend to fall into one of two models of the design process: the transformational approach, and the decompositional approach (also known as abstract or hierarchic refinement). Does it mean there are (at least) two essentially different types of design problems? Is there any connection between the nature of the problem and the proper solution approach? This paper analyzes these two models by comparing two systems developed to solve design problems in two essentially different domains 1 . The first system exemplifies the transformational approach; the second system exemplifies the decompositional approach. We hypothesize that these two different approaches correspond to two different types of design problems. Some recommendations are given to help one to determine which of the two approaches is more appropriate for a given problem. This paper appeared in proceedings of the ASME 1989 Computers in Engineering Conference, Anaheim, CA, July 1989. WARNING: the text has been produced by OCR from a hardcopy, and contains a number of errors. Contact the authors for a copy. One of the two systems discussed in this paper Thermal Designer has been developed jointly by both authors at University of Pittsburgh. The work was sponsored by Digital Equipment corp. The second system Mechanical Configurator is being developed at Carnegie Group Inc.
Impairment of the serotonergic control of feeding in adult female rats exposed to intra-uterine malnutrition

We have previously shown that adult female rats exposed to intra-uterine malnutrition were normophagic, although obese and resistant to insulin-induced hypophagia. The present study aimed at examining aspects of another important catabolic component of energy homeostasis control, the hypothalamic serotonergic function, which inhibits feeding and stimulates energy expenditure. Pregnant dams were fed ad libitum or were restricted to 50 % of ad libitum intake during the first 2 weeks of pregnancy. Control and restricted 4-month-old progeny were studied. The restricted rats had increased body adiposity with normal daily food intake but failed to respond with hypophagia to an intracerebroventricular injection of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT). Stimulation, by food ingestion, of extracellular levels of serotonin in medial hypothalamus microdialysates was more pronounced and lasted longer in the restricted than in the control rats. In the restricted group, hypothalamic levels of 5-HT2C receptor protein tended to be reduced (P = 0·07) while the levels of 5-HT1B receptor and serotonin transporter proteins were significantly elevated (36 and 79 %, respectively). In conclusion, female rats undernourished in utero had normophagic obesity as adults but had an absence of serotonin-induced hypophagia and low hypothalamic levels of the 5-HT2C receptor. Compensatory adaptations for the functional serotonergic impairment were evidenced, such as an enhanced release of serotonin in response to a meal allied to up-regulated hypothalamic 5-HT1B and transporter expression. Whether these compensations will persist in later life warrants further investigation. Moreover, it cannot be ruled out that the serotonergic component of energy expenditure was already impaired, thus contributing to the observed body-fat phenotype.
Topic Modeling-based Domain Adaptation for System Combination

This paper gives the system description of the domain adaptation team of Dublin City University for our participation in the system combination task in the Second Workshop on Applying Machine Learning Techniques to Optimise the Division of Labour in Hybrid MT (ML4HMT-12). We used the results of unsupervised document classification as meta information to the system combination module. For the Spanish-English data, our strategy achieved 26.33 BLEU points, 0.33 BLEU points absolute improvement over the standard confusion-network-based system combination. This was the best score in terms of BLEU among six participants in ML4HMT-12.
Saudi Arabian female teachers' attitudes towards the inclusion of children with autism into mainstream classrooms

The purpose of this study was to determine the attitudes of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), female elementary schools’ and autism special institutes’ teachers towards inclusion of children with autism into mainstream classrooms in KSA. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterised by a range of complex neuro-development disorders such as social impairments, communication difficulties, and restricted, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behaviour. Occurrence is estimated at 1 in 88 birth, and it is three to four times more common in boys than girls. Modifications of Reasoned Action and Planned Behaviour theories were used as a framework to analyse the reason and the importance behind teachers’ attitudes and behaviours towards inclusion of children with autism. To examine teachers’ attitudes and to answer the research main questions mixed type of quantitative and qualitative research approaches were designed. A Likert type questionnaire was adapted and developed from the Opinions Relative to Mainstreaming (ORM) of Antonak and Larrivee (1995). It was then translated to Arabic language and checked for validity and reliability. Questionnaires were mainly used for measuring the teachers' attitudes towards inclusion. Teachers’ responses to open-ended questions and interviews were also part of the research. Six hundred teachers were surveyed; 497 (83%) useful questionnaires were returned and used for data analyses, and 12 teachers were interviewed. For the study data analysis, different descriptive statistical measures were used through SPSS system. The results were grouped in five themes, and revealed that teachers were supportive and have positive attitudes toward inclusion of children with autism in mainstream classrooms. Private special institutes’ teachers however, held more positive attitudes toward the inclusion than those of governmental public mainstream elementary school teachers. The qualitative analysis of the open-ended written responses and the interviews revealed that all teachers appeared unsupportive of the general concept of inclusion as, if it is to be applied now. They believe that the mainstream classrooms are not appropriate, setting for children with autism nor the teachers were qualified. They need further preparation and training. Based on the results, implications and recommendations for future practice are provided.
TEXT-TO-DIAGRAM CONVERSION: A METHOD FOR FORMAL REPRESENTATION OF NATURAL LANGUAGE GEOMETRY PROBLEMS

Natural language geometry problems are translated into formal representation. This is done as an essential step involved in text to diagram conversion. A parser is designed that analyzes a problem statement in order to describe it as a language independent, unambiguous formal representation. Natural language processing tools and a lexical knowledge base are used to assist the parser that finally generates a graph as the parsing output. The parse graph is the formal representation of the input natural language problem. This graph is later translated into another intermediate representation consisting of a set of graphics-friendly statements. High school level geometry problems are used to develop and test the proposed methods. Experimental results show high accuracy of the approach in translating a natural language problem into a formal description.
Memory Efficient Modular VLSI Architecture for Highthroughput and Low-Latency Implementation of Multilevel Lifting 2-D DWT

In this paper, we present a modular and pipeline architecture for lifting-based multilevel 2-D DWT, without using line-buffer and frame-buffer. Overall area-delay product is reduced in the proposed design by appropriate partitioning and scheduling of the computation of individual decomposition-levels. The processing for different levels is performed by a cascaded pipeline structure to maximize the hardware utilization efficiency (HUE). Moreover, the proposed structure is scalable for high-throughput and area-constrained implementation. We have removed all the redundancies resulting from decimated wavelet filtering to maximize the HUE. The proposed design involves L pyramid algorithm (PA) units and one recursive pyramid algorithm (RPA) unit, where R=N/P , L=⌈log4P̅ ⌉ and P is the input block size, M and N, respectively, being the height and width of the image. The entire multilevel DWT is computed by the proposed structure in MR cycles. The proposed structure has O(8R×2L) cycles of output latency, which is very small compared to the latency of the existing structures. Interestingly, the proposed structure does not require any line-buffer or frame-buffer, unlike the existing folded structures which otherwise require a line-buffer of size O(N) and frame-buffer of size O(M/2×N/2) for multilevel 2-D computation. Instead of those buffers, the proposed structure involves only local registers and RAM of size O(N). The saving of line-buffer and frame-buffer achieved by the proposed design is an important advantage, since the image size could very often be as large as 512 × 512. From the simulation results we find that, the proposed scalable structure offers better slice-delay-product (SDP) for higher throughput of implementation since the on-chip memory of this structure remains almost unchanged with input block size. It has 17% less SDP than the best of the corresponding existing structures on average, for different input-block sizes and image sizes. It involves 1.92 times more transistors, but offers 12.2 times higher throughput and consumes 52% less power per output (PPO) compared to the other, on average for different input sizes.
Myopathological features in skeletal muscle of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Despite the fact that muscle weakness is a major problem in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), detailed information on myopathological changes at the microscopic level in these patients is scarce, if indeed available at all. Vastus lateralis biopsies of 15 COPD weight-stable patients (body mass index (BMI) 23.9±1.0 kg·m−2; fat-free mass index (FFMI) 17.2±1.7 kg·m−2) and 16 healthy age-matched controls (BMI 26.3±0.8 kg·m−2; FFMI 19.6±2.2 kg·m−2) were evaluated. Histochemistry was used to evaluate myopathological features. Immunohistochemistry was used for the detection of macrophages and leukocytes, and active caspase 3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick-end labelling (TUNEL) as markers of apoptosis. Fatty cell replacement and fibrosis were observed in both groups, the latter being slightly, but significantly, more pronounced in COPD. No differences between COPD and controls were found with respect to central nuclei, necrosis, regeneration, or fibre splitting. Signs of mitochondrial abnormalities were absent and normal numbers of inflammatory cells were found. Active caspase 3 positive myocytes were not observed and no difference was found in the number of TUNEL-positive myonuclei between controls and COPD patients (1.1% versus 1.0%, respectively). The cross-sectional area of type-IIX muscle fibres was smaller in COPD than in controls (2,566 versus 4,248 µm2). Except for the I to IIX shift in fibre types, the selective type-IIX atrophy and a slight accompanying increase in fibrosis and fat cell replacement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease relative to age-matched controls, no other morphological abnormalities were observed in the muscle biopsies of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Also, in this group of clinically and weight stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, apoptosis appeared not to be involved in muscle pathology.