Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attitudes of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and their care givers toward assisted suicide.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neuromuscular disease that causes gradual paralysis, respiratory failure, and death, usually within three to five years after it has been diagnosed. Between 1995 and 1997, we surveyed patients with this disease in Oregon and Washington, as well as their family care givers, in order to determine their attitudes toward assisted suicide. Patients were considered to be willing to contemplate assisted suicide if they agreed with the statement, "Under some circumstances I would consider taking a prescription for a medicine whose sole purpose was to end my life," and disagreed with the statement, "I would never request or take a prescription for a medication whose sole purpose was to end my life. " The Oregon Death with Dignity Act, which legalized physician-assisted suicide, was approved by Oregon voters in 1994 but did not go into effect until October 1997, after data collection for this study had been completed. RESULTS Of 140 eligible persons with ALS, 100 (71 percent) agreed to participate in the study, as did 91 family care givers. The mean age of the patients with ALS was 54 years; the mean duration of illness since the diagnosis was 2.8 years. Fifty-six patients (56 percent) said they would consider assisted suicide, and 44 of the 56 agreed with the statement, "If physician-assisted suicide were legal, I would request a lethal prescription from a physician. " One patient would have taken the medication immediately, and 36 would have kept it for future use. As compared with the patients who were opposed to assisted suicide, those who would consider it were more likely to be men, had a higher level of education, were less likely to be religious, had higher scores for hopelessness, and rated their quality of life as lower. In 66 of 91 instances (73 percent), care givers and patients had the same attitude toward assisted suicide. CONCLUSIONS In Oregon and Washington, a majority of persons with ALS whom we surveyed would consider assisted suicide. Many would request a prescription for a lethal dose of medication well before they intended to use it.
Analysis of Body Esteem of Female Collegiate Athletes

Scores on three subscales of the Body Esteem Scale were analyzed for the effect of group participation on body esteem. Intercollegiate women athletes from three sports (basketball, n = 9; volleyball, n = 10; and Softball, n = 12) and a control group of 34 women who did not participate in athletics were respondents. Scores on Weight Concern and Physical Condition significantly discriminated between the groups. On Weight Concern the mean of the control group was significantly lower than those of the athletic groups. On Physical Condition the control group mean was significantly lower than that of the basketball group. Other comparisons were not significant.
Evolutionary robot vision for people tracking based on local clustering

This paper discusses the role of evolutionary computation in visual perception for partner robots. The search of evolutionary computation has many analogies with human visual search. First of all, we discuss the analogies between the evolutionary search and human visual search. Next, we propose the concept of evolutionary robot vision, and a human tracking method based on the evolutionary robot vision. Finally, we show experimental results of the human tracking to discuss the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Immunohistochemical Demonstration of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) Mutation in a Small Subset of Prostatic Carcinomas

Recent advances in genomic sequencing have resulted in the discovery of the somatic mutations of cytoplasmic isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) in human solid tumors such as gliomas. The most common IDH1 mutation affects codon 132 and results in the conversion of amino acid residue arginine (R) to histidine (H). This IDH1R132H mutation is associated with a genetic and clinical characteristic group of gliomas in terms of grade and prognosis. We investigated whether immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a monoclonal antibody against the IDH1R132H mutant protein could be used in routine surgical pathology for identification of the mutation in solid human tumors. A total of 549 solid human tumors were examined in tissue microarrays, including prostate, thyroid, renal cell, ovarian, endometrial, breast, colorectal, non–small cell lung carcinoma, melanomas, and gliomas. IHC detected the IDH1R132H mutation in 72% (13/18) anaplastic astrocytomas and 30% (3/10) astrocytomas; however, it failed to detect the mutation in 258 thyroid, 11 renal cell, 10 ovarian, 18 endometrial, 20 breast, 25 colorectal, 22 non–small cell lung carcinoma, 25 melanomas, and 8 thyroid follicular adenomas. In contrast, expression of the IDH1R132H mutation was noted in 3 of 118 (2.5%) prostate carcinomas. Western blotting and polymerase chain reaction-based sequencing confirmed the mutation in 2 prostate carcinomas. This study indicates that IHC is a reliable method for the pathologic identification of the IDH1R132H mutation in solid human cancers such as prostate carcinomas.
Debiasing Framing Effects in Auditors' Internal Control Judgments and Testing Decision

This paper reports the results of an experiment examining the framing bias and a potential debiasing technique. Practicing auditors formed a judgment about a hypothetical client's inventory internal control system to determine the amount of related substantive testing. Auditors from two Big Six firms were randomly assigned to one of four treatments, in a fully-crossed 2 x 2 between-subject design. The initial description of the internal control system was identical for all treatments, as were the items of additional evidence about the system. Auditors either judged the risk of the control system or the strength of the control system. The risk/strength frames were crossed with two levels of debiasing technique: "none", or "evidence rating. " Results indicate that without debiasing, significant framing effects were present, but that evidence rating significantly mitigated the framing effect. In this auditing context the framing bias appears to be easily induced but not robust. Although the profession should be aware of this potential problem, effective remedial or proactive steps can be easily implemented and may naturally occur in current practices.
Centralisation of Wage Bargaining and Macroeconomic Performance: A Survey

Starting from the theoretical argument underlying the “hump shape” hypothesis, the paper investigates the various dimensions of centralisation in the wage formation process. The diversity of effects discussed in the paper makes it harder to arrive at unambiguous policy conclusions. Careful analysis of the various features and economy-wide direct as well as indirect effect of the degree of centralisation in the wage formation process suggests that there exists various trade-offs, the most important of which appears to be that between real wage restraint and relative wage flexibility: centralisation favours the former but reduces the latter. This suggests that its effect on macroeconomic performance depends on the type of shocks affecting the economy . Cette tude analyse les divers aspects de la centralisation dans le processus de formation des salaires en s'appuyant sur l'hypothse thorique de "courbe en U inverse". La diversit des effets analyss rend ambigu les conclusions politiques qui peuvent tre tires de ce papier. Une tude minutieuse des divers aspects de la centralisation et de leurs effets tant directs qu'indirects, sur le processus de formation des salaires suggre qu'il existe diffrent choix d'objectifs, le plus important semble tre entre la contrainte de salaire rel et la flexibilit du salaire relatif : la centralisation favorise le premier et affaiblit le second. Ceci suggre que l'impact sur la performance macro-conomique dpend du type de choc affectant l'conomie .
VLSI legalization with minimum perturbation by iterative augmentation

We present a new approach to VLSI placement legalization. Based on a minimum-cost flow algorithm that iteratively augments flows along paths, our algorithm ensures that only augmentations are considered that can be realized exactly by cell movements. Hence, the method avoids realization problems which are inherent to previous flow-based legalization algorithms. As a result, it combines the global perspective of minimum-cost flow approaches with the efficiency of local search algorithms. The tool is mainly designed to minimize total and maximum cell movement but it is flexible enough to optimize the effect on timing or netlength, too. We compare our approach to legalization tools from industry and academia by experiments on dense recent real-world designs and public benchmarks. The results show that we are much faster and produce significantly better results in terms of average (linear and quadratic) and maximum movement than any other tool.
Color image segmentation based on seeded region growing with Canny edge detection

A method of color image segmentation by seeded region growing scheme combined with Canny edge detection is proposed. Firstly, we use Otsu method to achieve threshold arguments which make Canny edge detection more effective. Secondly, we input the achieved edge as one of the seed selection conditions to achieve initial seeds. Finally, seeded region growing and region merging take into effect. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method is comparable to the popular counterpart.
Arrays of Magnetic Nanoparticles Patterned via “Dip‐Pen” Nanolithography

Oxygen saturated, dilute benzene solutions (corresponding to ca. 1 mM monomer units) of the polymers shown in Figure 1 were contained in a microwave cell of internal dimensions 3.5  7.1  24 mm. The solutions were irradiated with 5 or 10 ns pulses of 3 MeV electrons from a Van de Graaff accelerator with a total absorbed dose per pulse, D, of approximately 1  10 J/m which was accurately measured for each experiment. This resulted initially in the formation of a uniform concentration of ca. 0.1 lM of excess electrons and benzene radical cations. The resulting change in the conductivity of the solution was measured as the change in the power of microwaves (26±38 GHz) reflected by the cell. Using only a single pulse the radiation-induced conductivity could be monitored from 10 ns to 1 ms using a pseudo-logarithmic time-base. The experimental methodology and data reduction procedures have been described in detail previously [4,5].
Temperature adaptability of lipid composition in polar fish: a comparison between sub- and high-Antarctic species

Despite evidence for distribution shifts of single species and ecosystem changes as a reaction to climatic warming, little is known about direct implications of temperature changes on the role of physiology and adaptability for species distribution. In this study the effect of a short-term temperature increase on metabolic and lipid composition of liver tissue in the sub-Antarctic fish species Lepidonotothen squamifrons and the high-Antarctic species Trematomus hansoni were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Data of this study seems to be the first data available for liver lipid composition of the two investigated species. Composition of succinate likewise phospholipid levels indicated temperature induced changes between 0 and 6 °C for T. hansoni and 2 and 9 °C for L. squamifrons. This complies well with observations of temperature dependent respiration, which indicated a rise in energy demand around 4 °C for the high- and sub-Antarctic species alike. Although changes in anaerobic metabolites found here were not significant, combination of results from this study and respiration experiments suggest that experimental temperature of 6 °C might be close to upper critical temperatures of T. hansoni, while L. squamifrons might be able to tolerate acute temperatures above 9 °C. Considering interspecies differences, higher total lipid and triacylglyceride levels support the suggestion of a higher degree of metabolic cold adaptation in high-Antarctic T. hansoni compared to sub-Antarctic L. squamifrons. The results of this study comply well with current ideas about temperature dependence of lipids and other metabolic compounds in fish. Recent suggestions about metabolic cold adaptation in Antarctic fish were confirmed and results indicated the existence of different degrees of cold adaptation in Antarctic fish, depending on variability of habitat temperature.
On-body inertial and magnetic sensing for assessment of hand and finger kinematics

A novel instrumentation is proposed to estimate hand and finger movements. Current dataglove systems often measure a reduced set of joint angles and lack a position and orientation measure of the hand with respect to the trunk. Our proposed system, based on inertial and magnetic sensing, is fully ambulatory, light weighted, has a low energy consumption and is therefore suitable to assess kinematics of the hand and fingers in daily life. Results showed an rms difference of the hand pose with an optical reference system of 16.9±4.0 mm for the position and 1.5±0.4 deg for the orientation. Index finger tip positions could be estimated with 5.0±0.5 mm for flexion extensions movements and 12.4±3.0 mm for more complex movements in which both flexion-extension and abduction-adduction movements were involved.
Basic Abstractions for an Autonomic Network Architecture

The ANA (Autonomic Network Architecture) project aims at providing a framework to flexibly host, interconnect, and federate multiple heterogeneous networks in an autonomic way, i.e. without requiring active human intervention. The guiding design principle is to strive for a maximum degree of flexibility at all levels of the architecture in order to inherently support heterogeneity and evolution. This paper describes the core abstractions and concepts of ANA (as defined during the first year of the project) and introduces their basic operation and interaction. While not autonomic themselves, the core architectural principles of ANA will enable autonomicity by not imposing a "one-size-fits-all" approach where protocols and paradigms are fixed by the architecture. We indeed argue that only the capacity of the network to be polyfunctional and fully adaptable will justify the label ' autonomic'. A prototype ofANA is currently being developed and will be released in 2008: the goal is to demonstrate the feasibility of autonomic networking within the 4 years of the project.
THE RURAL ELITE IN A MEXICAN MUNICIPALITY

During the incipient phases of community studies in Mexico, anthropologists were guided by the folk-urban hypothesis and emphasized the homogeneity of the locality under consideration. With the proliferation of community studies, theorists have become increasingly concerned with the relationship between national configurations and regional variations of this pattern. Regarding this shift in the frame of reference, a number of operational concepts have been suggested such as "levels of communal relations" and "levels of sociocultural organization. " A complex terminology has been devised to designate these various levels-horizontal sociocultural segments, nationoriented groups, and subcultural types. Although these concepts have been worked out in other regions of Latin America, their potentialities have yet to be tested in Mexico. The focus of this paper is on the delineation of a distinctive subcultural type-the elite-in a rural community. Empirical data were obtained from a municipality in Central Mexico characterized by intricate patterns of integration among hierarchically ranked groups.
Exposure to Bisphenol A and Phthalates during Pregnancy and Ultrasound Measures of Fetal Growth in the INMA-Sabadell Cohort

Background: Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates may affect fetal growth; however, previous findings are inconsistent and based on few studies. Objectives: We assessed whether prenatal exposure to BPA and phthalates was associated with fetal growth in a Spanish birth cohort of 488 mother–child pairs. Methods: We measured BPA and eight phthalates [four di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites (DEHPm), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), and three low-molecular-weight phthalate metabolites (LMWPm)] in two spot-urine samples collected during the first and third trimester of pregnancy. We estimated growth curves for femur length (FL), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), biparietal diameter (BPD), and estimated fetal weight (EFW) during pregnancy (weeks 12–20 and 20–34), and for birth weight, birth length, head circumference at birth, and placental weight. Results: Overall, results did not support associations of exposure to BPA or DEHPm during pregnancy with fetal growth parameters. Prenatal MBzP exposure was positively associated with FL at 20–34 weeks, resulting in an increase of 3.70% of the average FL (95% CI: 0.75, 6.63%) per doubling of MBzP concentration. MBzP was positively associated with birth weight among boys (48 g; 95% CI: 6, 90) but not in girls (–27 g; 95% CI: –79, 25) (interaction p-value = 0.04). The LMWPm mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) was negatively associated with HC at 12–20 pregnancy weeks [–4.88% of HC average (95% CI: –8.36, –1.36%)]. Conclusions: This study, one of the first to combine repeat exposure biomarker measurements and multiple growth measures during pregnancy, finds little evidence of associations of BPA or phthalate exposures with fetal growth. Phthalate metabolites MBzP and MnBP were associated with some fetal growth parameters, but these findings require replication. Citation: Casas M, Valvi D, Ballesteros-Gomez A, Gascon M, Fernández MF, Garcia-Esteban R, Iñiguez C, Martínez D, Murcia M, Monfort N, Luque N, Rubio S, Ventura R, Sunyer J, Vrijheid M. 2016. Exposure to bisphenol A and phthalates during pregnancy and ultrasound measures of fetal growth in the INMA-Sabadell cohort. Environ Health Perspect 124:521–528; http://dx.doi. org/10.1289/ehp.1409190
Implementation of pattern discovery to retrieve relevant document using text mining

Many data mining techniques are used to extract the patterns from the text documents. But the challenge is using those updated patterns is still a open research issue. Most of the text mining methods generally uses the term based approaches. The main problems faced by the term based approaches is of polysemy and synonymy. This paper focuses on the implementation of an particular discovery way to discover the pattern as well as use them to retrieve the relevant document. Two important process are used i.e pattern deploying and pattern evolving is included as the pattern discovery techniques. These techniques finds to be helpful in improving the effectiveness of the discovered patterns. These discovered patterns can be used in searching the relevant and important information for text mining. To improve the effectiveness of using and updating discovered patterns according to users view, experiments on RCV1 data collection achieves user required data from a large document by removing noisy pattern by pattern evolving.
Design of a high voltage stimulator chip for a stroke rehabilitation system

This paper describes the design of an 8-channel high voltage stimulator chip for rehabilitation of stroke patients through surface stimulation, which requires high stimulation currents and high compliance voltage. The chip gets stimulation control data through its Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), and can accordingly generate biphasic stimulation currents with different amplitudes, duration, frequencies and polarities independently for each channel. The current driver is implemented with thick oxide devices with a supply voltage up to 90V. The chip is designed in a 0. 35μm X-FAB high voltage process.
Short Proofs of the Quantum Substate Theorem

The Quantum Substate Theorem due to Jain (2002) gives us a powerful operational interpretation of relative entropy, in fact, of the observational divergence of two quantum states, a quantity that is related to their relative entropy. Informally, the theorem states that if the observational divergence between two quantum states ρ, σ is small, then there is a quantum state ρ' close to ρ in trace distance, such that ρ' when scaled down by a small factor becomes a substate of σ. We present new proofs of this theorem. The resulting statement is optimal up to a constant factor in its dependence on observational divergence. In addition, the proofs are both conceptually simpler and significantly shorter than the earlier proof.
Vitamin B12 for cognition.

BACKGROUND An association between neuropsychiatric disorders and vitamin B12 deficiency has been recognized since 1849 when pernicious anaemia was first described. It has been suggested that deficiency of vitamin B12 might contribute to age-associated cognitive impairment. Low serum vitamin B12 concentrations are found in more than 10% of older people. A high prevalence of low serum vitamin B12 levels, and other indicators of vitamin B12 deficiency have been reported among people with Alzheimer's disease. A review is needed of trials assessing effects of vitamin B12 supplementation on cognitive function in later life. OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of B12 supplementation on cognitive function of demented and elderly healthy people in terms of preventing the onset or progression of cognitive impairment or dementia. SEARCH STRATEGY The trials were identified from a search of the Specialized Register of the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group on 12 September 2002 using the terms listed in additional table 1. In addition MEDLINE 1966 to 2002/09 and EMBASE 1980-2002/08 were searched using the same terms and cognit* to pick up studies with healthy volunteers. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomized double-blind trials in which vitamin B12 at any dose was compared with placebo. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Both reviewers applied the selection criteria to assess the quality of the studies. One reviewer collated and analysed the data. For each outcome measure data were sought on every patient randomized. MAIN RESULTS From the two included studies (Seal 2002; Fourniere 1997) of people with dementia and low serum vitamin B12 levels, there was no statistically significant evidence of treatment effect, vitamin B12 supplementation compared with placebo, on cognitive function. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Evidence of any efficacy of vitamin B12 in improving the cognitive function of people with dementia and low serum B12 levels is insufficient. The two trials of acceptable methodology (Fourniere 1997; Seal 2002) were restricted to a small number of patients with Alzheimer's disease and other types of cognitive impairment. No trials involving people without dementia or using other definitions of vitamin B12 deficiency were found.
Current issues in psychiatric epidemiology

Three important new initiatives in psychiatric epidemiology are reviewed in this paper. The first is a series of epidemiological surveys and community interventions based on the suggestion in previous nonexperimental research that early treatment of child and adolescent mental disorders might help prevent secondary comorbid disorders. The second is a series of epidemiological surveys and interventions aimed at encouraging expanded treatment of mental disorders by demonstrating that mental health treatments can be cost-effective and that expansion of these treatments can represent human capital investment opportunities for governments and employers. The third is a new and innovative set of epidemiological studies of diagnostic boundaries designed to create an evidence base for planned changes over the next decade in the International Classification of Diseases and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders diagnostic systems. Curr Opin