Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative and interactive human psychopharmacologic effects of ketamine and amphetamine: implications for glutamatergic and dopaminergic model psychoses and cognitive function.

BACKGROUND In healthy individuals, ketamine hydrochloride and amphetamine sulfate produce cognitive, behavioral, and subjective effects resembling endogenous psychoses. Studying the comparative and interactive effects of these agents may provide insights into the roles of the glutamate and monoamine systems in psychosis and cognition. OBJECTIVES To directly compare the effects of ketamine and amphetamine and to explore their interactive effects within individuals. DESIGN Placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind psychopharmacologic trial. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Forty-one healthy individuals recruited from the community who completed up to 4 test days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES On each test day, participants received amphetamine (a 1-minute infusion of amphetamine sulfate, 0.25 mg/kg, or saline) and ketamine (a 1-minute intravenous infusion of ketamine, 0.23 mg/kg, followed by a 1-hour infusion of 0.5 mg/kg or an identical saline bolus and infusion). The order of amphetamine and ketamine infusions was randomized. RESULTS At the doses studied, ketamine and amphetamine produced positive symptoms and euphoria. However, perceptual changes were produced only by ketamine, and hostility, grandiosity, and somatic concern were stimulated only by amphetamine. Amphetamine and ketamine produced conceptual disorganization, but only ketamine produced concrete ideation and unusual mannerisms. Ketamine produced negative symptoms and disrupted delayed recall. Ketamine and amphetamine showed 3 types of interactive effects: (1) amphetamine attenuated the impairment of working memory produced by ketamine; (2) amphetamine and ketamine had additive effects on thought disorder, arousal, and euphoria; and (3) amphetamine and ketamine had less-than-additive effects on psychosis. CONCLUSIONS These findings implicate N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors and dopamine systems in psychosis. However, glutamate and dopamine may differentially contribute to psychosis, thought disorder, and euphoria. Regarding medication development for cognitive dysfunction, the pattern of the interactive effects of ketamine and amphetamine is consistent with the hypothesis that facilitation of prefrontal cortical dopamine levels would attenuate some cognitive impairments associated with deficits in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function.
Potentialities and limits of Internet health communication in chronic care: results from a qualitative study

This article explores people's use of the interactive sections of a patient-centred website called Oneself, specifically designed to provide information and support for enhancing the self-management of chronic low back pain. Oneself includes several synchronous and asynchronous tools to interact with health professionals and lay people. The analysis was performed quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitatively, we analysed the log files of 276 users who logged on from January 2007 to November 2007. Qualitatively, we conducted semi-structured interviews with a convenient sample of 18 Oneself users. Results confirm the perceived utility of user-centred interactive websites monitored by health professionals as a venue for self-management education among individuals with chronic illness. However, they also suggest that to achieve their full potential, these interactive services have to be characterized by several features, such as credibility, multimediality, usability and dynamism, and have to be designed taking into account the type and the stage of the illness, as well as the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients.
Learning Vector Representations for Similarity Measures

Conventional vector-based similarity measures consider each term separately. In methods such as cosine or overlap, only identical terms occurring in both term vectors are matched and contribute to the final similarity score. Non-identical but semantically related terms, such as “car” and “automobile”, are completely ignored. To address this problem, we propose a novel approach that learns a new vector construction from the original term vectors. The weight of each element in the output vector is a linear combination of the term-weighting scores of related terms. Depending on the configuration, our method can learn extended term vectors using the same vocabulary, as well as “concept” vectors with reduced dimensionality. In both settings, it outperforms existing methods significantly in the task of measuring document similarity, reflected in various metrics consistently.
Space, sympatry and speciation

Sympatric speciation remains controversial. ‘Sympatry’ originally meant “in the same geographical area”. Recently, evolutionists have redefined ‘sympatric speciation’ non‐spatially to require panmixia (m = 0.5) between a pair of demes before onset of reproductive isolation. Although panmixia is a suitable starting point in models of speciation, it is not a useful definition of sympatry in natural populations, because it becomes virtually impossible to find or demonstrate sympatry in nature. The newer, non‐spatial definition fails to address the classical debate about whether natural selection within a geographic overlap regularly causes speciation in nature, or whether complete geographic isolation is usually required. We therefore propose a more precise spatial definition by incorporating the population genetics of dispersal (or ‘cruising range’). Sympatric speciation is considerably more likely under this spatial definition than under the demic definition, because distance itself has a powerful structuring effect, even over small spatial scales comparable to dispersal. Ecological adaptation in two‐dimensional space often acts as a ‘magic trait’ that causes pleiotropic reductions of gene flow. We provide examples from our own research.
Controlled cortical impact injury affects dopaminergic transmission in the rat striatum

The therapeutic benefits of dopamine (DA) agonists after traumatic brain injury (TBI) imply a role for DA systems in mediating functional deficits post‐TBI. We investigated how experimental TBI affects striatal dopamine systems using fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV), western blot, and d‐amphetamine‐induced rotational behavior. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were injured by a controlled cortical impact (CCI) delivered unilaterally to the parietal cortex, or were naïve controls. Amphetamine‐induced rotational behavior was assessed 10 days post‐CCI. Fourteen days post‐CCI, animals were anesthetized and underwent FSCV with bilateral striatal carbon fiber microelectrode placement and stimulating electrode placement in the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). Evoked DA overflow was assessed in the striatum as the MFB was electrically stimulated at 60 Hz for 10 s. In 23% of injured animals, but no naïve animals, rotation was observed with amphetamine administration. Compared with naïves, striatal evoked DA overflow was lower for injured animals in the striatum ipsilateral to injury (p < 0.05). Injured animals exhibited a decrease in Vmax (52% of naïve, p < 0.05) for DA clearance in the hemisphere ipsilateral to injury compared with naïves. Dopamine transporter (DAT) expression was proportionally decreased in the striatum ipsilateral to injury compared with naïve animals (60% of naïve, p < 0.05), despite no injury‐related changes in vesicular monoamine transporter or D2 receptor expression (DRD2) in this region. Collectively, these data appear to confirm that the clinical efficacy of dopamine agonists in the treatment of TBI may be related to disruptions in the activity of subcortical dopamine systems.
Pharmacokinetics and Interaction Profile of Topiramate: Review and Comparison with Other Newer Antiepileptic Drugs

Summary: Standard antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have a number of pharmacokinetic shortcomings, and AEDs with more favorable profiles would be preferred. The pharmacokinetics and interaction profile of the recently developed AED topiramate (TPM), is reviewed and compared with those of other newer AEDs including lamotrigine (LTG), gabapentin (GBP), vigabatrin (VGB), and oxcarbazepine (OCBZ). Although none of these agents meets all of the criteria of the “ideal” AED from the pharmacokinetic standpoint, a number of these drugs, including TPM, have desirable properties that distinguish them from the older AEDs and should contribute to their clinical utility.
Social signal processing: state-of-the-art and future perspectives of an emerging domain

The ability to understand and manage social signals of a person we are communicating with is the core of social intelligence. Social intelligence is a facet of human intelligence that has been argued to be indispensable and perhaps the most important for success in life. This paper argues that next-generation computing needs to include the essence of social intelligence - the ability to recognize human social signals and social behaviours like politeness, and disagreement - in order to become more effective and more efficient. Although each one of us understands the importance of social signals in everyday life situations, and in spite of recent advances in machine analysis of relevant behavioural cues like blinks, smiles, crossed arms, laughter, and similar, design and development of automated systems for Social Signal Processing (SSP) are rather difficult. This paper surveys the past efforts in solving these problems by a computer, it summarizes the relevant findings in social psychology, and it proposes a set of recommendations for enabling the development of the next generation of socially-aware computing.
The Semi-supervised Classification Method of LiDAR Data Integrating with Aerial Images

a new semi-supervised classification method is proposed by combining airborne LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data with registered aerial images. Firstly, the algorithm filtered LiDAR data into ground points and non-ground points that were further partitioned into small planar regions based on local attribute estimation. Then these planar regions will be used as initial classes to obtain initial samples that were used as training samples in aerial images to perform classification process with the maximum likelihood. The proposed method can also revises misclassified building regions by using shape index. Every single LiDAR point can be labeled by comprehensively considering information like filtering results, intensity from LiDAR data and spectral features from aerial images. The experiment shows that the proposed can improve the classification accuracy of LiDAR points cloud in complicated urban.
Race/Ethnicity and Rates of Self-Reported Maltreatment among High-Risk Youth in Public Sectors of Care

This study examined rates of youth-reported maltreatment history and the association between youth-reported maltreatment and foster care history across four racial/ethnic groups in a public system of care. Interviews were conducted with 1,045 youth (European Americans, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Asian Pacific Islanders) and their primary caregivers, sampled from one of five service sectors (alcohol/drug services, child welfare, juvenile justice, mental health, and special education) in San Diego. Overall, racial/ethnic differences in youth-reported maltreatment were minimal. However, in the child welfare sector, African American youth self-reported maltreatment less frequently than other youth. There were significant racial/ethnic differences in foster care history, with African Americans far more likely to have been placed, even after controlling for youth-reported maltreatment, income, age, and gender. Furthermore, maltreatment history was associated with placement for all youth except African Americans. These results suggest that the overrepresentation of minority children in child welfare does not stem from greater rates of maltreatment.
VI. Notes on a Scandal: Reflections on Queering a National Icon

Once upon a time – more precisely in 1805 – the great Danish national poet Hans Christian Andersen was born in the town of Odense. Two hundred years later, the whole country was turning upside down to celebrate the birthday of the world famous fairy tale writer. Preparations for the celebrations started years before the actual birthday, and a daring theatre director, Lars Seeberg, was appointed head of the newly founded Hans Christian Andersen 2005 Foundation. Seeberg was not impressed by the last great celebration of Andersen in 1955. In the midst of the Cold War, Denmark used the fairy tale writer to launch itself as a peaceful, harmonious picture book country, epitomized in the involuntarily camp movie, Hans Christian Andersen, produced three years earlier in 1952, starring blue-eyed, clean-shaven, gay actor Danny Kaye portraying Andersen as a very innocent country boy singing his praises to ‘Wonderful Copenhagen’. This famous theme song of the movie, which earned no less than five Oscar nominations, later became the standard slogan to market the capital city of Denmark. The name of the official tourist board is to this day ‘Wonderful Copenhagen’. Andersen is thus part of a billion dollar business, selling Denmark to tourists from all over the world.
Statistical analysis and design: from picoseconds to probabilities

Critical dimensions are scaling faster than our control of them. In addition to manufacturing variations, chip design has to deal with wear-out phenomena and dynamic changes in temperature or power-supply voltage. As a result, parametric delay variability is proportionately increasing with each new generation of technology, as is leakage power variability. Further, the number of independent and significant sources of variability is rapidly increasing. These effects present two key challenges: timing verification and robust design in the presence of uncertainties. This presentation describes the role of statistical timing in addressing these challenges and the concomitant shift in chip design methodology from a deterministic to a probabilistic paradigm. The importance of correctly capturing correlations is stressed. Different methods of statistical timing and their relative merits are discussed. The diagnostics provided by statistical timers and the use of such diagnostics in targeting robust design are presented.
Ultrastructural Study of Rotavirus Replication and Localization of the Intermediate Capsid Protein VP6

Rotavirus, a triple-layered non-enveloped member of the Reoviridae family, obtained a transient membrane envelope when newly synthesized subviral particles bud into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). As rotavirus particles mature, they lose their transient membrane and obt ain outer layer. It is mostly believed that only double layered particles bud into the ER. The present study describes that the single layered particles can also bud into the ER and become the immediate precursors of the mature virions. Virus replication w as studied within a line of African green monkey kidney (BSC -1) cells infected with simian rotavirus SA 11. The virus intermediate capsid protein (VP6) was localized within the infected cells using protein A -gold. Monospecific antibody to VP6 was the primary antibody. The electron micrographs of budding sites of ER showed two different sizes of subviral particles. The gold particles were seen on the double layered particles and very little in the cytoplasm and some on ER or very close to it. These results in dicate that the single layered particles are also capable of being the precursor of the triple layered and obtain the VP 6 while budding into the ER.
Functional status and well-being of children representing three cultural groups: Initial self-reports using the chq-cf87

Abstract The CHQ-CF87 was constructed to measure the self-perceived physical and psychosocial well-being of children ten years of age and older using 10 multi-item Likert-type summated rating scales. This study augments previous work about children's self-reported health status using the CHQ-CF87 by examining tests of item scaling assumptions and differences in health scores as reported by children representing three predominant cultural groups in the US (African-American, Spanish-American and Caucasian). The quality of CHQ data was evaluated based on tests of items scaling assumptions, internal consistency reliability coefficients using Cronbach's alpha, data completeness rates, and within scale response consistency. Test sites included a middle school in a moderately-sized suburb in the northeast (N = 278), an attention deficit hyperadivity disorder (ADHD) clinic in the Boston area (N=56), and a hemodialysis clinic associated with Children's Hospital in Los Angeles, CA (N=20). General linear models adju.
Evaluating Pekin duck walking ability using a treadmill performance test.

Gait scoring is the most popular method for assessing the walking ability of poultry species. Although inexpensive and easy to implement, gait scoring systems are often criticized for being subjective. Using a treadmill performance test we assessed whether observable differences in Pekin duck walking ability identified using a gait scoring system translated to differences in walking performance. One hundred and eighty ducks were selected using a three-category gait scoring system (GS0 = smooth gait, n = 55; GS0.5 = labored walk without easily identifiable impediment, n = 56; GS1 = obvious impediment, n = 59) and the amount of time each duck was able to sustain walking on a treadmill at a speed of 0.31 m/s was evaluated. The walking test ended when each duck met one of three elimination criteria: (1) The duck walked for a maximum time of ten minutes, (2) the duck required support from the observer's hand for more than three seconds in order to continue walking on the treadmill, or (3) the duck sat down on the treadmill and made no attempt to stand despite receiving assistance from the observer. Data were analyzed in SAS 9.4 using PROC GLM. Tukey's multiple comparison test was used to compare differences in time spent walking between gait scores. Significant differences were found between all gait scores (P < 0.05). Behavioral correlates of walking performance were investigated. Video recorded during the treadmill test was analyzed for counts of sitting, standing, and leaning behaviors. Data were analyzed in SAS 9.4 using a negative binomial model for count data. No differences were found between gait scores for counts of sitting, standing, and leaning behaviors (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the amount of time spent walking on the treadmill corresponded to gait score and was an effective measurement for quantifying Pekin duck walking ability. The test could be a valuable tool for assessing the development of walking issues or the effectiveness of treatments aimed at promoting leg health.
Do children with autism recognise surprise? A research note

Abstract We take a fresh look at emotion recognition in autistic children, by testing their recognition of three different emotions (happy, sad, and surprise). The interest in selecting these is that whereas the first two are typical “simple” emotions (caused by situations), the third is typically a “cognitive” emotion (caused by beliefs). Because subjects with autism have clear difficulties in understanding beliefs, we predicted they would show more difficulty in recognising surprise. In contrast, as they have no difficulty in understanding situations as causes of emotion, we predicted they would not show deficits in recognising happy and sad. These predictions were borne out, in a comparison with a group of normal children and in a group of subjects with mental handicap. This result shows the importance of fine-grain analysis in emotion-recognition tasks, and is discussed in relation to affective and theory of mind models of autism.
Consumer Lifestyle Matters: Evidence from Gray Markets in China

Consumers are at the central point of marketing. However, while existential research is devoted to understanding gray market, little attention is given to the consumer’s view of gray market. This study attempts to take the perspective of consumers to address the gray market issue. Lifestyles of the target customers of trademark holders are proposed for trademark holders to retain existing customers while simultaneously attracting new customers from the gray market. We perform Cluster analysis to identify different customer groups by using “lifestyle” as a market segmentation variable. ANOVA, Scheffe test and regression analyses are then employed to test the proposed hypotheses. Analytical results reveal that the different customer groups exhibit particular lifestyle features, different perceptions of gray product quality as well as different purchase intentions.
Proposal – Developing a Robot Component for

The primary purpose of this project will to be to integrate the control of realworld robots into the Neural Robotic System (NRS) software being developed in the University of Edinburgh’s Institute for Perception, Action and Behaviour. The NRS software is being built to provide a platform on which biologicallyinspired experiments can be performed in robotics. In the past an early version of NRS has been successfully used for modelling insect behaviour. However in order to build upon this work it was decided that NRS should be updated to widen its scope and make it more extensible and modular. When completed this should make NRS much easier to use and facilitate the addition of new components such as, for example, more sophisticated and biologically-accurate sensors or custom-built neural simulation hardware. The new NRS should be a general purpose tool to allow more complex and biologically-accurate experiments to be performed. As part of the update effort it is necessary to implement a new NRS component (called NRS.robot) to run on the robot in the new system. It is the specific aim of this project therefore to attempt to implement, debug and test this component and integrate it into the new NRS. It is intended that this component be sufficiently encapsulated to allow the robot to run autonomously using only a microprocessor for control (taking instruction from the NRS neural simulator), yet to be able to interface with the rest of NRS for purposes of experimental set-up and run-time data collection. As a secondary to this it is also intended that NRS.robot should form the basis for a generic component that can be adapted for use on any robot to realise behaviourial output from neural simulations in the NRS system. However, for the purposes of this project NRS.robot will be run and tested on the K-team robots (the Khepera Khepera II and Koala robots).
A Timeless debate: resolving TIM's noncircadian roles with possible clock function

Mammalian TIMELESS (TIM) was identified due to its sequence similarity to Drosophila TIM, an essential circadian clock protein in flies. Published literature is inconsistent regarding the rhythmic expression of mammalian Tim, the interaction of the TIM protein with other clock proteins and its role in regulating clock gene transcription. Comprehensive sequence analysis not only demonstrates that mammalian TIM is more similar to a second, TIM-like sequence in Drosophila (TIMEOUT), but is also a member of an evolutionarily conserved family of TIM orthologs that is distinct from the circadian-specific TIM proteins found in insects. The vital cellular function of these widely conserved TIM orthologs makes it difficult to determine the specific role of mammalian TIM in the circadian clock mechanism.