Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Characterization and Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Serpin Gene Family in Microsporidian Nosema bombycis

Microsporidia are ubiquitous in the environment, infecting almost all invertebrates, vertebrates, and some protists. The microsporidian Nosema bombycis causes silkworms pébrine disease and leads to huge economic losses. Parasite secreted proteins play vital roles in pathogen–host interactions. Serine protease inhibitors (serpins), belonging to the largest and most broadly distributed protease inhibitor superfamily, are also found in Microsporidia. In this study, we characterized 19 serpins (NbSPNs) in N. bombycis; eight of them were predicted with signal peptides. All NbSPN proteins contain a typical conserved serpin (PF00079) domain. The comparative genomic analysis revealed that microsporidia serpins were only found in the genus Nosema. In addition to N. bombycis, a total of 34 serpins were identified in another six species of Nosema including N. antheraeae (11), N. granulosis (8), Nosema sp. YNPr (3), Nosema sp. PM-1 (3), N. apis (4), and N. ceranae (5). Serpin gene duplications in tandem obviously occurred in Nosema antheranae. Notably, the NbSPNs were phylogenetically clustered with serpins from the Chordopoxvirinae, the subfamily of Poxvirus. All 19 NbSPN transcripts were detected in the infected midgut and fat body, while 19 NbSPN genes except for NbSPN12 were found in the transcriptome of the infected silkworm embryonic cell line BmE-SWU1. Our work paves the way for further study of serpin function in microsporidia.
Mapping the dark matter with weak gravitational lensing

We consider the problem of reconstructing the projected mass distribution in clusters from coherent distortions of background galaxies. The ellipticity of a background galaxy provides an estimate of the trace-free components of the tidal field ∂ 2 Φ/∂θ y ∂θ j where Φ(θ) is the two-dimensional potential generated by the surface density Σ(θ). We present a technique for inverting this problem. The resulting surface density contains a strong, but incoherent, random component arising from the random intrinsic galaxy ellipticities. This can be removed by filtering
Perspective and Practices of Social Sustainability across Construction Project Lifecycle

Previous research has suggested incorporating social sustainability into the construction project lifecycle. However, the understanding and means of incorporating social sustainability practices throughout the project lifecycle remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to fill a knowledge gap by investigating the “real experiences” and “perspectives” of industry practitioners on social sustainability practices throughout the construction project lifecycle. The study began with a literature review to identify social sustainability attributes, which were then confirmed through structured interviews with 15 practitioners, and the data were then analysed thematically. The practitioners unanimously agreed that the social sustainability attributes could be divided into nine (9) main attributes along with the 20 sub-attributes, namely: 1) safety and health; 2) impact assessment; 3) employment; 4) stakeholder involvement; 5) satisfaction; 6) quality education; 7) social procurement; 8) protection design/belonging; and 9) human right. The practitioners have positioned the nine main social sustainability attributes into the different phases of the construction project lifecycle, based on actual practices in their projects and their professional opinion on the subject matter. Stakeholder Involvement shows the largest gap for improvement (31.7%), followed by the attributes of Worker Health and Safety (23.3%), Protection of Cultural Heritage (21.7%), and Social Procurement (21.7%). Findings from this study would benefit the industry stakeholders in incorporating social sustainability at different phases of the construction project lifecycle. The framework gives a comprehensive understanding of social sustainability that can be utilized to enhance construction project planning and sustainable development. The novelty also lies in the consolidation of social sustainability attributes for practitioners in construction that could act as a reference for any future developments related to social sustainability in construction.
The Voice of Patients Really Matters: Using Patient-Reported Outcomes and Experiences Measures to Assess Effectiveness of Home-Based Integrated Care—A Scoping Review of Practice

Background: The aim of the study is to analyze the prevalence of using patients’ reported outcomes measures and experiences (PROMs and PREMs) in relation to integrated care (IC). Material and methods: To select eligible studies (<10 years, full-text), PubMed was used. The general subject of the articles referring to the type of disease was indicated on the basis of a review of all full-text publications discussing the effectiveness of IC (N = 6518). The final search included MeSH headings related to outcomes measures and IC. Full-text screening resulted in including 73 articles (23 on COPD, 40 on diabetes/obesity and 10 on depression) with 93.391 participants. Results: Analysis indicated that authors used multiple outcome measures, with 54.8% of studies including at least one patient reported. PROMs were more often used than PREMs. Specific (disease or condition/dimension) outcome measures were reported more often than general, especially those dedicated to self-assessment of health in COPD and depression. PROMs and PREMs were most commonly used in studies from the USA and Netherlands. Conclusion: Using PROMS/PREMS is becoming more popular, although it is varied, both due to the place of research and type of disease.
A systematic literature review on e-health implementation and policies

Despite the existing attention to e-Health implementation, there are several gaps and bottlenecks related to its implementation and policies. Starting from previous research, this paper presents a systematic literature review that we conducted to determine the current state of the art in e-Health implementation and policies, with particular attention to the European area. After the research and filtering of the papers, 49 papers were selected to be carefully examined and compared according to a set of criteria including objective, targeted and implementation compliance. Based on the obtained results, we identified several gaps and suggested recommendations to fill them. Based on the results, the topic has yet to be discussed and deepened, bringing to synthesis the different experiences gained in the field by both operators and researchers
Social Health and Cognitive Change in Old Age: Role of Brain Reserve

Individual aspects of social health (SH; eg, network, engagement, support) have been linked to cognitive health. However, their combined effect and the role of the structural properties of the brain (brain reserve [BR]) remain unclear. We investigated the interplay of SH and BR on cognitive change in older adults.
Trap-assisted tunneling in high permittivity gate dielectric stacks

The electrical characteristics of SiOx/ZrO2 and SiOx/Ta2O5 gate dielectric stacks are investigated. The current–density JG in these dielectric stacks is shown to be strongly temperature dependent at low voltage (below about 2 V), the more so in the ZrO2 stack. On the other hand, JG is much less temperature dependent at higher voltage. These results are consistent with a model which takes into account the direct tunneling of electrons across the SiOx layer and the trap-assisted tunneling of electrons through traps with energy levels below the conduction band of the high permittivity dielectric layer. The energy levels and densities of these electron trapping centers are estimated by fitting this trap-assisted tunneling model to the experimental results.
Oxyethylated Fluoresceine—(thia)calix[4]arene Conjugates: Synthesis and Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis in Water–Organic Media

Fluorescent derivatives attract the attention of researchers for their use as sensors, photocatalysts and for the creation of functional materials. In order to create amphiphilic fluorescent derivatives of calixarenes, a fluorescein derivative containing oligoethylene glycol and propargyl groups was obtained. The resulting fluorescein derivative was introduced into three different (thia)calix[4]arene azide derivatives. For all synthesized compounds, the luminescence quantum yields have been established in different solvents. Using UV-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, as well as transmission and confocal microscopy, aggregation of macrocycles was studied. It was evaluated that calixarene derivatives with alkyl substituents form spherical aggregates, while symmetrical tetrafluorescein-containing thiacalix[4]arene forms extended worm-like aggregates. The macrocycle containing tetradecyl fragments was found to be the most efficient in photoredox ipso-oxidation of phenylboronic acid. In addition, it was shown that in a number of different electron donors (NEt3, DABCO and iPr2EtN), the photoredox ipso-oxidation proceeds best with triethylamine. It has been shown that a low molecular weight surfactant Triton-X100 can also improve the photocatalytic abilities of an oligoethylene glycol fluorescein derivative, thus showing the importance of a combination of micellar and photoredox catalysis.
Kinetic Alfvén waves and plasma transport at the magnetopause

Large amplitude compressional type ULF waves can propagate from the magnetosheath to the magnetopause where there are large gradients in density, pressure and magnetic field. These gradients efficiently couple compressional waves with shear/kinetic Alfvén waves near the Alfvén field‐line resonance location (ω=k∥υA). We present a solution of the kinetic‐MHD wave equations for this process using a realistic equilibrium profile including full ion Larmor radius effects and wave‐particle resonance interactions for electrons and ions to model the dissipation. For northward IMF a KAW propagates backward to the magnetosheath. For southward IMF the wave remains in the magnetopause but can propagate through the k∥=0 location. The quasilinear theory predicts that transport due to KAWs at the magnetopause primarily results from the perpendicular electric field coupling with magnetic drift effects with diffusion coefficient D⟂ ∼ 109 m²/s. For southward IMF additional transport can occur because magnetic islands form at the k∥=0 location. Due to the broadband nature of the observed waves these islands can overlap leading to stochastic transport which is larger than that due to quasilinear effects.
A bright 2D spatial soliton in inhomogeneous Kerr media with PT-symmetric potentials

The nonlinear Schrödinger equation with inhomogeneous diffraction and nonlinearity in the presence of PT-symmetric potentials is investigated, and an analytical bright 2D spatial soliton is obtained. The positive and negative signs in the parameters of the PT-symmetric potentials lead to four permutation and combination cases. The dynamical evolutions of the spatial soliton in the periodic modulated system and the diffraction decreasing waveguide are discussed. Dynamical characteristics of the form factors for the spatial soliton including the amplitude, width and phase are studied. Moreover, two kinds of nonlinear PT phase change are presented. These results may provide alternative methods in potential applications of synthetic PT-symmetric systems.
Evaluation of androgen-dependent skin findings of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Abstract Aim The purpose of the study was to investigate the biochemical and metabolic abnormalities related to the cutaneous characteristics of PCOS. Material–Methods Patients diagnosed with PCOS were included in the study. Demographic data and accompanying androgen-dependent skin findings (acne, seborrhea, androgenic alopecia, acanthosis nigricans, skin tag, and hirsutism) were recorded. The free testosterone, total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione,17-Hidroksi progesterone, sex hormone binding globulin, prolactin, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1C, HDL, and triglycerides, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinized hormone, free androgen index, and HOMA-IR levels of the patients were measured. The hormonal values of the patients with PCOS with and without skin findings were compared. Results The HOMA-IR values of the acanthosis nigricans (+) PCOS group were significantly higher than the acanthosis nigricans (–) PCOS group (p < .001). The DHEA-SO4, FAI, and FI values of patients with hirsutism (HR) (+) PCOS were found to be statistically higher than patients with HR (–) PCOS (p = .006, p = .015, p = .004). Conclusion PCOS is among the most common endocrine disorders of women of reproductive age and was associated with some hormonal, metabolic, and skin findings. Certain androgenic and metabolic variables developing in PCOS might correlate with cutaneous symptoms.
Tomato Maturity Estimation Using Deep Neural Network

In this study, we propose a tomato maturity estimation approach based on a deep neural network. Tomato images were obtained using an RGB camera installed on a monitoring robot and samples were cropped to generate a dataset with which to train the classification model. The classification model is trained using cross-entropy loss and mean–variance loss, which can implicitly provide label distribution knowledge. For continuous maturity estimation in the test stage, the output probability distribution of four maturity classes is calculated as an expected (normalized) value. Our results demonstrate that the F1 score was approximately 0.91 on average, with a range of 0.85–0.97. Furthermore, comparison with the hue value—which is correlated with tomato growth—showed no significant differences between estimated maturity and hue values, except in the pink stage. From the overall results, we found that our approach can not only classify the discrete maturation stages of tomatoes but can also continuously estimate their maturity. Furthermore, it is expected that with higher accuracy data labeling, more precise classification and higher accuracy may be achieved.
Testing trends in environmental compliance

Many environmentalregulations are based on threshold levels. Such a level is generally set such that exposure to a toxin above the level is considered a hazard to health. In many instances, the level may be exceeded a certain number of times before regulatory action is taken. Such is the case with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in accordance with the 1990 amendment of the Clean Air Act of 1970. This set of standards sets threshold levels for several pollutants including carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ground-level ozone, and lead. Many areas of the United States, which the EPA designates as nonattainment areas, persistently exceed the air pollution levels set by the NAAQS. Progress in these areas is of ten slow but can be studied through data collected on the elapsed time between violations. The purpose of this article is to present a relatively easy but flexible statistical method for assessing whether an area is making progress with compliance to the NAAQS. The method presented in this article is based on a randomization test of a general model for the mean time between violations of the standard. The modeling-type approach of this method makes it flexible enough to study many types of trends. The use of the randomization test makes the method simple to apply and requires fewer assumptions than many other proposed methods. We discuss some general theoretical conditions for which the method is well suited and study the performance of this method empirically, Finally, we apply the method to a well-known set of interviolation times corresponding to data collected on ground-level ozone in Houston, Texas.
A de novo protein catalyzes the synthesis of semiconductor quantum dots

Significance Combinatorial libraries of novel proteins can be designed from amino acid sequences with minimal similarity to those that evolved in nature. Because these novel proteins were not selected to perform life-sustaining functions, they represent a rich source of diversity for the isolation of new proteins capable of performing functions not seen in biology. Here, we show that a protein (ConK) isolated from one such combinatorial library facilitates the formation of cadmium sulfide quantum dots by catalyzing the production of a reactive sulfur species from the amino acid cysteine. These findings demonstrate that proteins not derived from biology can enable the production of functional materials, which, although not used to sustain biological organisms, have myriad uses in a range of technologies.
On the three dimensional competition systems arising from Arabidopsis clock

In this paper, we study mathematical models of three dimensional competitive systems originated from the represillator and their variants. There are two parts for the mathematical results. In part I, we ﬁrst prove the uniqueness of the positive equilibrium ( x ∗ ,y ∗ ,z ∗ ). Then we present necessary and suf-ﬁcient conditions for their local asymptotic stability and instability. In part II, we present suﬃcient conditions for the global asymptotic stability of ( x ∗ ,y ∗ ,z ∗ ) provided ( x ∗ ,y ∗ ,z ∗ ) is locally asymptotic stable.
ADABase: A Multimodal Dataset for Cognitive Load Estimation

Driver monitoring systems play an important role in lower to mid-level autonomous vehicles. Our work focuses on the detection of cognitive load as a component of driver-state estimation to improve traffic safety. By inducing single and dual-task workloads of increasing intensity on 51 subjects, while continuously measuring signals from multiple modalities, based on physiological measurements such as ECG, EDA, EMG, PPG, respiration rate, skin temperature and eye tracker data, as well as behavioral measurements such as action units extracted from facial videos, performance metrics like reaction time and subjective feedback using questionnaires, we create ADABase (Autonomous Driving Cognitive Load Assessment Database) As a reference method to induce cognitive load onto subjects, we use the well-established n-back test, in addition to our novel simulator-based k-drive test, motivated by real-world semi-autonomously vehicles. We extract expert features of all measurements and find significant changes in multiple modalities. Ultimately we train and evaluate machine learning algorithms using single and multimodal inputs to distinguish cognitive load levels. We carefully evaluate model behavior and study feature importance. In summary, we introduce a novel cognitive load test, create a cognitive load database, validate changes using statistical tests, introduce novel classification and regression tasks for machine learning and train and evaluate machine learning models.
Sleep and Rest-Activity Rhythms in Recovering Patients with Severe Concurrent Mental and Substance Use Disorder: A Pilot Study

Abstract Objective: Mental health and substance use disorders are commonly associated with disrupted sleep and circadian rest-activity rhythms. How these disorders in combination relate to sleep and circadian organization is not well studied. We provide here the first quantitative assessment of sleep and rest-activity rhythms in inpatients with complex concurrent disorders, taking into account categories of substance use (stimulant vs. stimulant and opioid use) and psychiatric diagnosis (psychotic disorder and mood disorder). We also explore how sleep and rest-activity rhythms relate to psychiatric functioning. Methods: A total of 44 participants (10 female) between the age of 20–60 years (median = 29 years) wore wrist accelerometers over 5–70 days and completed standardized questionnaires assessing chronotype and psychiatric functioning (fatigue, psychiatric symptom severity, and impulsiveness). To examine potential influences from treatment, we computed (1) length of stay; (2) days of abstinence from stimulants and opioids as a measure of withdrawal; and (3) a sedative load based on prescribed medications. Results: Participants exhibited a sustained excessive sleep duration, frequent nighttime awakenings, and advanced rest-activity phase related to sedative load. Sleep disruptions were elevated in participants with a history of opioid use. Patients with a psychotic disorder showed the longest sleep and most fragmented and irregular rest-activity patterns. Non-parametric circadian rhythm analysis revealed a high rhythm amplitude by comparison with population norms, and this was associated with greater psychiatric symptom severity. Psychiatric symptom severity was also associated with greater fatigue and later MCTQ chronotype. Conclusions: This pilot study provides initial information on the prevalence and severity of sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances in individuals with severe concurrent disorders. The results underline the need for further studies to start to understand the role of sleep in the disease and recovery process in this understudied population.
Diverse flowering responses subjecting to ambient high temperature in soybean under short‐day conditions

Summary Flowering time is one of important agronomic traits determining the crop yield and affected by high temperature. When facing high ambient temperature, plants often initiate early flowering as an adaptive strategy to escape the stress and ensure successful reproduction. However, here we find opposing ways in the short‐day crop soybean to respond to different levels of high temperatures, in which flowering accelerates when temperature changes from 25 to 30 °C, but delays when temperature reaches 35 °C under short day. phyA‐E1, possibly photoperiodic pathway, is crucial for 35 °C‐mediated late flowering, however, does not contribute to promoting flowering at 30 °C. 30 °C‐induced up‐regulation of FT2a and FT5a leads to early flowering, independent of E1. Therefore, distinct responsive mechanisms are adopted by soybean when facing different levels of high temperatures for successful flowering and reproduction.
Sensitivity to Changes in the Intensity of White Noise and Its Relation to Masking and Loudness

Sensitivity to changes in the intensity of a random noise was determined over a wide range of intensities. The just detectable increment in the intensity of the noise is of the same order of magnitude as the just detectable increment in the intensity of pure tones. For intensities more than 30 db above the threshold of hearing for noise the size in decibels of the increment which can be heard 50 percent of the time is approximately constant (0.41 db). When the results of the experiment are regarded as measures of the masking of a noise by the noise itself, it can be shown that functions which describe intensity discrimination also describe the masking by white noise of pure tones and of speech. It is argued, therefore, that the determination of differential sensitivity to intensity is a special case of the more general masking experiment. The loudness of the noise was also determined, and just noticeable differences are shown to be unequal in subjective magnitude. A just noticeable difference at a low int.