Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relational languages and data models for continuous queries on sequences and data streams

Most data stream management systems are based on extensions of the relational data model and query languages, but rigorous analyses of the problems and limitations of this approach, and how to overcome them, are still wanting. In this article, we elucidate the interaction between stream-oriented extensions of the relational model and continuous query language constructs, and show that the resulting expressive power problems are even more serious for data streams than for databases. In particular, we study the loss of expressive power caused by the loss of blocking query operators, and characterize nonblocking queries as monotonic functions on the database. Thus we introduce the notion of NB-completeness to assure that a query language is as suitable for continuous queries as it is for traditional database queries. We show that neither RA nor SQL are NB-complete on unordered sets of tuples, and the problem is even more serious when the data model is extended to support order—a sine-qua-non in data stream applications. The new limitations of SQL, compounded with well-known problems in applications such as sequence queries and data mining, motivate our proposal of extending the language with user-defined aggregates (UDAs). These can be natively coded in SQL, according to simple syntactic rules that set nonblocking aggregates apart from blocking ones. We first prove that SQL with UDAs is Turing complete. We then prove that SQL with monotonic UDAs and union operators can express all monotonic set functions computable by a Turing machine (NB-completeness) and finally extend this result to queries on sequences ordered by their timestamps. The proposed approach supports data stream models that are more sophisticated than append-only relations, along with data mining queries, and other complex applications.
Insulin Clearance in Obesity

Insulin uptake and degradation is a complex and not yet completely understood process involving not only insulin sensitive tissues. The most important degradative system is insulin degrading enzyme which is a highly conserved metalloendopeptidase requiring Zn++ for its proteolytic action, although protein disulfide isomerase and cathepsin D are also involved in insulin metabolism. The liver and the kidney are the principal sites for insulin clearance. In obese subjects with hyperinsulinemia and high levels of free fatty acids, insulin hepatic clearance is impaired, while the glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow and albumin excretion are increased, suggesting a state of renal vasodilatation leading to an abnormally transmitted arterial pressure to the glomerular capillaries through a dilated afferent arteriole. Insulin can be cleared also by muscle, adipocytes, gastrointestinal cells, fibroblasts, monocytes and lymphocytes which contain insulin receptors and internalization and regulation mechanism for insulin metabolism.
Combined binary classifiers with applications to speech recognition

Many applications require classiﬁcation of examples into one of several classes. A common way of designing such classiﬁers is to determine the class based on the outputs of several binary classiﬁers. We consider some of the most popular methods for combining the decisions of the binary classiﬁers, and improve existing bounds on the error rates of the combined classiﬁer over the training set. We also describe a new method for combining binary classiﬁers. The method is based on stacking a neural network and, when used with support vector machines as the binary learners, substantially decreased the error rate in two vowel classiﬁcation tasks.
Cleft Lip and Palate

Foreword: Shaw, B. Preface: Cobourne, M.T. Epidemiology of Oral Clefts 2011: An International Perspective: Mossey, P.A. Modell, B. Genetic and Environmental Factors in Human Cleft Lip and Palate: Vieira, A.R. The Mouse as a Developmental Model for Cleft Lip and Palate Research: Gritli-Linde, A. Hedgehog Signalling in Development of the Secondary Palate: Cobourne, M.T. Green, J.B.A. Roles of BMP Signaling Pathway in Lip and Palate Development: Parada, C. Chai, Y. Development of the Lip and Palate: FGF Signalling: Stanier, P. Pauws, E. Wnt Signaling in Lip and Palate Development: He, F. Chen, Y. Treatment Outcome for Children Born with Cleft Lip and Palate: Sandy, J. Kilpatrick, N. Ireland, A. Surgical Correction of Cleft Lip and Palate: Jayaram, R. Huppa, C. Orthodontic Treatment in the Management of Cleft Lip and Palate: Cash, A.C. Alveolar Bone Grafting: Semb, G. Speech and Language in the Patient with Cleft Palate: Mildinhall, S. Future Directions: Molecular Approaches Provide Insights into Palatal Clefting and Repair: Liu, K.J.
DPC Rates and Multiplexing Gains for MIMO Broadcast Systems with Multi-Dimensional Space-Time Modulation

This paper considers multiple-antenna broadcast channels (BCs) with multi-dimensional space-time modulation schemes, created by various allocations of signal dimensions to transmit antennas. The signal dimensions are divided into disjoint subsets, where one is shared between all users, and each of the others are assigned to different users. This model encompasses several practical single point to multi-point wireless communication systems employing multiple antennas. Assuming space and time dispersive channels, we consider the transmission rates that are achieved by applying dirty paper coding (DPC) at the transmitter, present inner and outer bounds for the DPC rate region, and study the effects of space-time modulation formats. At high SNR, we consider the limit form of these bounds, derive an achievable multiplexing gain region, and study the effects of sharing signal dimensions between users.
“An energy-efficient and enhanced QoS aware of MAC application specific protocol in the distributed Wireless Sensor Networks”

The development of a reliable and energy-efficient protocol stack is important for supporting various WSNs applications. The penalty is increased complexity of the central node. This is a major problem because the central node is expected to have significantly more power and processing resources. On the distributed case, the coordinator (Distributed Coordination Function) only sends the active nodes to the sensors to keep the reliability and consumes less energy. As a result of this analysis, distributed mechanisms for QoS in WSNs built which extend wide area applications. This paper presents an energy-efficient aware of MAC application specific protocol with enhanced, integrated type in the distributed environment. Let to study the significant procedures for energy reduction compared to the available MAC protocols by cluster head election schemes as per the coverage issues. Most specifically, the cross-layer effects of routing, medium access, physical layers are considered. The proposal concentrates to point out and identifies the key problems of distributed MAC algorithm such as SLCH and MLCH election schemes focus towards the energy-efficiency designed for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with lemmas and theorems along with coverage strategies.
A Novel Lineage of Proteobacteria Involved in Formation of Marine Fe-Oxidizing Microbial Mat Communities

Background For decades it has been recognized that neutrophilic Fe-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) are associated with hydrothermal venting of Fe(II)-rich fluids associated with seamounts in the world's oceans. The evidence was based almost entirely on the mineralogical remains of the microbes, which themselves had neither been brought into culture or been assigned to a specific phylogenetic clade. We have used both cultivation and cultivation-independent techniques to study Fe-rich microbial mats associated with hydrothermal venting at Loihi Seamount, a submarine volcano. Methodology/Principle Findings Using gradient enrichment techniques, two iron-oxidizing bacteria, strains PV-1 and JV-1, were isolated. Chemolithotrophic growth was observed under microaerobic conditions; Fe(II) and Fe0 were the only energy sources that supported growth. Both strains produced filamentous stalk-like structures composed of multiple nanometer sized fibrils of Fe-oxyhydroxide. These were consistent with mineralogical structures found in the iron mats. Phylogenetic analysis of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene demonstrated that strains PV-1 and JV-1 were identical and formed a monophyletic group deeply rooted within the Proteobacteria. The most similar sequence (85.3% similarity) from a cultivated isolate came from Methylophaga marina. Phylogenetic analysis of the RecA and GyrB protein sequences confirmed that these strains are distantly related to other members of the Proteobacteria. A cultivation-independent analysis of the SSU rRNA gene by terminal-restriction fragment (T-RF) profiling showed that this phylotype was most common in a variety of microbial mats collected at different times and locations at Loihi. Conclusions On the basis of phylogenetic and physiological data, it is proposed that isolate PV-1T ( = ATCC BAA-1019: JCM 14766) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus, Mariprofundus ferrooxydans gen. nov., sp. nov. Furthermore, the strain is the first cultured representative of a new candidatus class of the Proteobacteria that is widely distributed in deep-sea environments, Candidatus ζ (zeta)-Proteobacteria cl. nov.
Autonomous switching of top-down and bottom-up attention selection for vision guided mobile robots

In this paper an autonomous switching between two basic attention selection mechanisms, top-down and bottom-up, is proposed, substituting manual switching. This approach fills the gab in object search using conventional top-down biased bottom-up attention selection: the latter one fails, if a group of objects is searched whose appearances can not be uniquely described by low-level features used in bottom-up computation models. Two internal robot states, observing and operating, are included to determine the visual selection behavior. A vision guided mobile robot, equipped with an active stereo camera, is used to demonstrate our strategy and evaluate the performance experimentally.
Redox Regulation of the NPR1-TGA1 System of Arabidopsis thaliana by Nitric Oxide[W][OA]

Nitric oxide (NO) regulates many physiological processes in plants. This research demonstrates that NO acts as a redox regulator of a transcription factor network that is a key component of plant defense and systemic acquired resistance. Specifically, NO modifies the NPR1 and TGA1 transcription factors by S-nitrosylating critical amino acids, resulting in enhanced transcription of defense genes. The role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in local and systemic defense reactions is well documented. NPR1 and TGA1 are key redox-controlled regulators of systemic acquired resistance in plants. NPR1 monomers interact with the reduced form of TGA1, which targets the activation sequence-1 (as-1) element of the promoter region of defense proteins. Here, we report the effect of the physiological nitric oxide donor S-nitrosoglutathione on the NPR1/TGA1 regulation system in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using the biotin switch method, we demonstrate that both NPR1 and TGA1 are S-nitrosylated after treatment with S-nitrosoglutathione. Mass spectrometry analyses revealed that the Cys residues 260 and 266 of TGA1 are S-nitrosylated and S-glutathionylated even at GSNO concentrations in the low micromolar range. Furthermore, we showed that S-nitrosoglutathione protects TGA1 from oxygen-mediated modifications and enhances the DNA binding activity of TGA1 to the as-1 element in the presence of NPR1. In addition, we observed that the translocation of NPR1 into the nucleus is promoted by nitric oxide. Taken together, our results suggest that nitric oxide is a redox regulator of the NPR1/TGA1 system and that they underline the importance of nitric oxide in the plant defense response.
The Flavoproteins CryD and VvdA Cooperate with the White Collar Protein WcoA in the Control of Photocarotenogenesis in Fusarium fujikuroi

Light stimulates carotenoid biosynthesis in the ascomycete fungus Fusarium fujikuroi through transcriptional activation of the structural genes of the pathway carRA, carB, and cart, but the molecular basis of this photoresponse is unknown. The F. fujikuroi genome contains genes for different predicted photoreceptors, including the WC protein WcoA, the DASH cryptochrome CryD and the Vivid-like flavoprotein VvdA. We formerly found that null mutants of wcoA, cryD or vvdA exhibit carotenoid photoinduction under continuous illumination. Here we show that the wild type exhibits a biphasic response in light induction kinetics experiments, with a rapid increase in carotenoid content in the first hours, a transient arrest and a subsequent slower increase. The mutants of the three photoreceptors show different kinetic responses: the wcoA mutants are defective in the rapid response, the cryD mutants are affected in the slower response, while the fast and slow responses were respectively enhanced and attenuated in the vvdA mutants. Transcriptional analyses of the car genes revealed a strong reduction of dark and light-induced transcript levels in the wcoA mutants, while minor or no reductions were found in the cryD mutants. Formerly, we found no change on carRA and carB photoinduction in vvdA mutants. Taken together, our data suggest a cooperative participation of WcoA and CryD in early and late stages of photoinduction of carotenoid biosynthesis in F. fujikuroi, and a possible modulation of WcoA activity by VvdA. An unexpected transcriptional induction by red light of vvdA, cryD and carRA genes suggest the participation of an additional red light-absorbing photoreceptor.
Association between Cullin-3 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism rs17479770 and Essential Hypertension in the Male Chinese Han Population

Background Hypertension, including essential and secondary hypertension, is a multifactorial disease, affecting more than one billion people worldwide. Secondary hypertension can result from mutations of cullin-3 (CUL3); however, whether polymorphisms of CUL3 are associated with essential hypertension (EH) has not been reported. Here, we investigated the association between CUL3 SNPs rs17479770 and rs3738952 and EH in the Chinese Han population. Methods This case-control study investigated 520 representatives, including 259 patients with EH and 261 normotensive controls matched for age, gender, BMI, TG, TC, and HbA1c for the distribution of functional rs17479770 and rs3738952 within the CUL3 gene by using PCR and RFLP. Results Our results showed that there was no significant difference in allele and genotype distribution of rs3738952 and haplotype distribution of rs17479770 and rs3738952 between the EH group and normotensive group, whereas the rs17479770 TT genotype in male and the full data set were significantly associated with the decreased risk of EH (P = 0.050, P = 0.042), and rs17479770 allele T in male was shown to have the correlation tendency of the decreased risk of EH (P = 0.064). Conclusion Our data suggest that the CUL3 rs17479770 variant could be a protective factor in the pathogenesis of EH.
Towards Tightly-coupled Datacenter with Free-space Optical Links

Clean slate design of computing system is an emerging topic for continuing growth of warehouse-scale computers. A famous custom design is rackscale (RS) computing by considering a single rack as a computer that consists of a number of processors, storages and accelerators customized to a target application. In RS, each user is expected to occupy a single or more than one rack. However, new users frequently appear and the users often change their application scales and parameters that would require different numbers of processors, storages and accelerators in a rack. The reconfiguration of interconnection networks on their components is potentially needed to support the above demand in RS. In this context, we propose the inter-rackscale (IRS) architecture that disaggregates various hardware resources into different racks according to their own areas. The heart of IRS is to use free-space optics (FSO) for tightly-coupled connections between processors, storages and GPUs distributed in different racks, by swapping endpoints of FSO links to change network topologies. Through a large IRS system simulation, we show that by utilizing FSO links for interconnection between racks, the FSO-equipped IRS architecture can provide comparable communication latency between heterogeneous resources to that of the counterpart RS architecture. A utilization of 3 FSO terminals per rack can improve at least 87.34% of inter-CPU/SSD(GPU) communication over Fat-tree and improve at least 92.18% of that over 2-D Torus. We verify the advantages of IRS over RS in job scheduling performance.
Phosphorylation of lymphocyte myosin catalyzed in vitro and in intact cells

Myosin has been isolated from guinea pig B-lymphocytic leukemia cells (L2C). The myosin has been enzymatically phosphorylated and dephosphorylated in vitro using both heterologous and lymphocyte- derived enzymes. Both the heavy chain and 20,000-dalton light chain of lymphocyte myosin are phosphorylated in vitro. Phosphorylation of myosin enhances actin-activated ATPase activity. Phosphorylation of myosin in murine lymphocytes was analyzed by use of a novel technique for rapid immunoprecipitation of myosin from cell extracts. Both the heavy chain and 20,000-dalton light chain of myosin are phosphorylated in intact cells. Addition of antibody reactive with cell-surface immunoglobulin to lymphocyte populations enriched for B cells stimulates locomotion of these cells and also increases the quantity of 32P isolated in association with the 20,000-dalton light chain of lymphocyte myosin, when 32Pi was present in the medium. In addition, an unidentified, phosphorylated polypeptides with a molecular mass of 22,000 daltons is co-isolated with myosin from cells by rapid immunoprecipitation. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that phosphorylation of myosin may contribute to regulation of movements performed by lymphocytes which are related to their participation in immunologic reactions.
Integrating Tempo Tracking and Quantization using Particle Filtering

We present a probabilistic switching state space model for timing deviations in expressive music performance. We formulate tempo tracking and automatic transcription (rhythm quantization) as filtering and maximum a posteriori (MAP) state estimation tasks. The resulting model is suitable for real-time tempo tracking and transcription and hence useful in a number of music applications such as adaptive automatic accompaniment and score typesetting.
Novel benzodioxopiperazines acting as antagonists at postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors and as agonists at 5-HT1A autoreceptors: a comparative pharmacological characterization with proposed 5-HT1A antagonists.

The novel benzodioxopiperazines [4-(benzodioxan-5-yl)1-[2- (benzocyclobutane-1-yl)ethyl]piperazine] (S 14489), [4-(benzodioxan-5-yl)1-(indan-2-yl)piperazine)] (S 15535) and [4-(benzodioxan-5-yl)1-[2(indan-1-yl)ethyl]piperazine (S15931) competitively displaced the binding of [3H]-8-OH-DPAT at serotonin (5-HT)1A receptors with affinities (pKis) of 9.2, 8.8 and 8.9, respectively. These values compared favorably with those of the structurally related eltoprazine (8.0) and the proposed 5-HT1A antagonists NAN-190 (9.2), MDL 73005 EF (8.9), SDZ 216-525 (8.8), BMY 7378 (8.7), (-)-tertatolol (8.1), (-)-alprenolol (7.7), WAY 100,135 (7.5) and spiperone (6.9). The affinities of S 14489, S 15535 and S 15931 for other 5-HT receptor types (5-HT1B, 5-HT1C, 5-HT1D, 5-HT2 and 5-HT3) were about 50 to 1000-fold lower. The spontaneous tail-flicks, flat-body posture and hypothermia mediated by an action of the 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT at postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors were dose-dependently and completely antagonized by S 14489, S 15535 and S15931 at doses of 0.63 to 10.0 and 2.5 to 40.0 mg/kg for s.c. and oral administration, respectively. They did not induce these responses alone, and in their presence, dose-response curves for 8-OH-DPAT were shifted in parallel to the right without loss of maximal effect. By contrast, eltoprazine, MDL 73005 EF, BMY 7378 and NAN-190 behaved as "partial" agonists and only incompletely antagonized the actions of 8-OH-DPAT in these tests. At 5-HT1A autoreceptors, S 14489, S 15535 and S 15931 acted as agonists in inhibiting striatal 5-hydroxytryptophan accumulation (0.16-2.5 mg/kg, s.c.) and in abolishing the electrical activity of the dorsal raphe nucleus (0.005-0.100 mg/kg, i.v.). Eltoprazine, BMY 7378, NAN-190 and MDL 73005 EF also behaved as agonists at these 5-HT1A autoreceptors, whereas WAY 100,135, spiperone, (-)-tertatolol, (-)-alprenolol and SDZ 216-525 inhibited neither accumulation nor firing. WAY 100,135 and spiperone antagonized the inhibition of DRN firing induced by S 14489, S 15535 and S 15931. The affinity of 15535 for dopamine D1 and D2 receptors, as well as for beta-, alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors, was > 100-fold lower than its affinity for 5-HT1A receptors. Further, in vivo, at doses of 10.0 to 40.0 mg/kg, s.c. , it showed minimal activity in tests of dopamine D2 (and D1) receptor-mediated activity. Similarly, in vivo, S 15535 was weakly active in a test of alpha 1-adrenoceptor-mediated activity. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Thermal Property, Morphology, Optical Transparency, and Gas Permeability of PVA/SPT Nanocomposite Films and Equi-biaxial Stretching Films

Poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) nanocomposite films containing various saponite (SPT) clay contents were synthesized using a solution intercalation method. The thermal property, morphology, optical transparency, and gas permeability of the PVA nanocomposite films with various SPT contents in the range of 0 to 10 wt% were examined. PVA nanocomposite film containing 5 wt% SPT showed excellent thermal and gas barrier property. The hybrid films containing 5 wt% SPT were equibiaxially stretched with stretching ratios ranging from 150 to 250%. The clay dispersion, optical transparency, and gas permeability were also examined as a function of equibiaxial stretching ratio. The PVA nanocomposite films with various equibiaxial stretching ratios showed excellent optical transparency and barrier to oxygen permeability.
Development of the brain stem in the rat. V. Thymidine‐radiographic study of the time of origin of neurons in the midbrain tegmentum

Groups of pregnant rats were injected with two successive daily doses of 3H‐thymidine from gestational day E12 and 13 (E12 + 13) until the day before parturition (E21 + 22) in order to label in their embryos the proliferating precursors of neurons. At 60 days of age the proportion of neurons generated (no longer labeled) on specific embryonic days was determined quantitatively in 18 regions of the midbrain tegmentum. The neurons of the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei are generated concurrently on days E12 and E13. There was a mirror image cytogenetic gradient in these nuclei and this was interpreted as the dispersal of neurons derived from a common neuroepithelial source to the medial longitudinal fasciculus. Neurons in three other components of the tegmental visual system are produced in rapid succession after the motor nuclei. In the nucleus of Darkschewitsch peak production time was on days E12 and E13, extending to day E15; in the Edinger‐Westphal nucleus the time span was the same but with a pronounced peak on day E13; finally, the neurons of the parabigeminal nucleus were produced between days E13 and E15 with a peak on day E14. The neurons of the periaqueductal gray were generated between days E13 and 17 with a pronounced ventral‐to‐lateral and lateral‐to‐dorsal gradient.