Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On How to Provision Quality of Service (QoS) for Large Dataset Transfers

There is recent interest in using traffic-engineered, QoS-controlled paths for large-sized, high-rate dataset transfers in the scientific community. We refer to TCP flows created by such transfers as flows. Research-and-education network providers are interested in intra-domain traffic engineering systems for identifying flows at ingress routers within their networks, and redirecting them to traffic-engineered paths. This is primarily because of the adverse effects these flows have on delay-sensitive multimedia flows. The focus of this work is to determine what QoS mechanisms are suitable to achieve the dual goals of preventing flows from adversely affecting delay- sensitive flows, while simultaneously allowing them to enjoy high throughput. The interaction between policing schemes on the ingress interfaces and scheduling schemes on the egress interfaces was studied through a set of experiments on a high-speed router testbed. Our conclusions are that a scheduling-only mechanism, with no policing, is well suited to achieve these dual goals if the level of fairness offered by today's IP-routed service is sufficient for simultaneous flows. Keywords—policing; scheduling; high-speed networks; traffic- engineering; virtual-circuit networks
Prevalence of typical migraine aura without headache in Japanese ophthalmology clinics

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of typical aura without headache (TAWH) in Japan. We distributed a self-report questionnaire comprising seven items. Of 1914 cases, the number of patients who provided valid answers was 1063. They included 1063 out-patients with 81 of these patients positive in the ID migraine screener Japanese version. TAWH was diagnosed in 35 patients (3.2%), aged 23–87 years, and included 12 males and 23 females. The age of patients with TAWH showed a biphasic distribution (20–39 years and 60–69 years), similar to the age distribution of all patients. Migraine with aura was diagnosed in 67 patients (6.3%) and showed a monophasic age distribution (40–49 years). These data suggest that TAWH is not a rare headache type in clinics especially in a setting of general ophthalmology clinics, and some patients of migraine with aura may transform to TAWH with ageing.
Excess Risk of Dying From Infectious Causes in Those With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE To investigate infection-related mortality in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 1,108,982 individuals with diabetes who were registered with the Australian Diabetes register between 2000 and 2010 were linked to the National Death Index. Mortality outcomes were defined as infection-relatedA-B death (ICD codes A99–B99), pneumonia (J12–J189), septicemia (A40 and A41), and osteomyelitis (M86). RESULTS During a median follow-up of 6.7 years, there were 2,891, 2,158, 1,248, and 147 deaths from infection-relatedA-B causes, pneumonia, septicemia, or osteomyelitis, respectively. Crude mortality rates from infectionsA-B were 0.147 and 0.431 per 1,000 person-years in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were higher in type 1 and type 2 diabetes for all outcomes after adjustment for age and sex. For infection-relatedA-B mortality, SMRs were 4.42 (95% CI 3.68–5.34) and 1.47 (1.42–1.53) for type 1 and type 2 diabetes (P < 0.001), respectively. For pneumonia in type 1 diabetes, SMRs were approximately 5 and 6 in males and females, respectively, while the excess risk was ∼20% for type 2 (both sexes). For septicemia, SMRs were approximately 10 and 2 for type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively, and similar by sex. For osteomyelitis in type 1 diabetes, SMRs were 16 and 58 in males and females, respectively, and ∼3 for type 2 diabetes (both sexes). CONCLUSIONS Although death owing to infection is rare, we confirm that patients with diabetes have an increased mortality from a range of infections, compared with the general population, and that the increased risk appears to be greater for type 1 than type 2 diabetes.
The Impact of Emotional Intelligence upon the Team Effectiveness

The emotional intelligence is a kind of professional skill which an individual attain during the course of his/her career. The leadership regarding their emotions must be synchronized with their team members. They must be well tempered and must comprehend the whims and wishes of their subordinates. The emotional intelligence only can lead towards the maximum output by exercising the assigned authority. The effectiveness of the team is a multi-dimensional phenomenon which is based upon the qualities of the leadership alone. To some social scientists, this kind of intelligence is intrinsic (by birth), but to others it is acquired. When the leadership exercises his/her authority intelligently, its result is not only team effectiveness rather it is cost effective as well. On the part of the leadership, emotional intelligence is a collective phenomenon, whose cumulative impact on the project regarding the team effectiveness has been discussed in the present work
Flexible SLAs in the Cloud with a Partial Utility-Driven Scheduling Architecture

Current clouds SLAs include compensation for customers (i.e. resource renters) with credits when average availability drops below a certain point. However, this credit scheme is too inflexible because consumers lose a non measurable quantity of performance and are only compensated later (i.e. in the next charging cycle). We propose to schedule cloud isolation and execution units, i.e. virtual machines (VMs), driven by the partial utility of applying a certain amount of resources (CPU, memory or bandwidth) to a given VM. This partial utility metric, specified by the customer, allows the provider to transfer resources between VMs. This is particularly relevant for private clouds where resources are not so abundant. We have defined a cost model that incorporates the partial utility the client gives to a certain level of depreciation when VMs are allocated in an over commit environment. CloudSim, a state of the art cloud simulator, was extended to support our partial utility-driven scheduling model. Using simulation scenarios with synthetic and real workloads, we show that our proposed scheduling strategy brings benefits to providers (i.e. revenue, resource utilization) and clients (i.e. workloads' execution time) by incorporating a SLA-based depreciation of computational power, allowing for more VMs to be allocated.
Excitability Changes of the Mauthner Cell during Collateral Inhibition

Excitability changes during collateral inhibition of the goldfish Mauthner cell (M cell) were measured directly by stimulating the cell with current pulses applied through an intracellular electrode. Excitability was suppressed during the extrinsic hyperpolarizing potential (EHP) as well as during the collateral IPSP. The inhibitory effect of the EHP was shown to be comparable in intensity to the effect of the IPSP. Excitability changes in the M cell during collateral IPSP depended on changes in the membrane conductance as well as in the membrane potential. Some simple equations are advanced which describe the excitability change during the IPSP in terms of changes in membrane potential and conductance. It was also found that invasion of antidromic impulses into the M cell was suppressed during the EHP, but not during the collateral IPSP. Conductance increase during the IPSP did not interfere with the invasion of antidromic impulses.
An Inverse Model for Localization of Low-Diffusivity Regions in the Heart using ECG/MCG Sensor Arrays

Cardiac activation and consequently performance of the heart can be severely affected by certain electrophysiological anomalies such as irregular patterns in the activation of the heart. Since the wavefront propagation occurs through the diffusion of ions (Na, K, etc.) the reduced mobility of ions can be equivalently represented as a reduction of ionic diffusivity causing irregularities in heartbeats. In this paper we propose models for the cardiac activation using inhomogeneous reaction-diffusion equations in the presence of diffusivity disorders. We also derive corresponding statistical signal processing algorithms for estimating (localizing) parameters describing these anomalies. We illustrate applicability of our techniques and demonstrate the identifiability of the parameters through numerical examples using a realistic geometry.
Is It Real or Is It an Artifact

Sonographic artifacts are inherent to the modality and occur to some extent in every image. This is despite optimal technique and scanning parameters. Artifacts occur in both gray-scale and color Doppler imaging, and though many are readily recognizable as such, occasionally, an artifact may obscure the diagnosis or even create false pathology. This article illustrates the common and some of the more unusual sonographic artifacts that may be encountered, reviews the factors leading to their formation, and discusses strategies to recognize and minimize these misleading echoes.
Gender Differences in Outcomes Among Patients With Symptomatic Intracranial Arterial Stenosis

Background and Purpose— There are limited and conflicting data on gender differences in clinical outcomes among patients with symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis. This study examined gender differences in patients enrolled in the Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease (WASID) Study. Methods— Participants were 569 men and women with symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis. They were followed-up for the occurrence of ischemic stroke and the combined end point of stroke or vascular death from February 1999 through July 2003 (mean follow-up, 1.8 years). Results— Two-year rates of the primary end point were 28.4% and 16.6% for women and men, respectively. Cumulative probabilities of the outcomes over time were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method and were compared between men and women with the use of the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to estimate the hazard ratio of gender (women to men) for ischemic stroke and for the primary end point. The probabilities of ischemic stroke (P=0.005) and of the combined end point of stroke or vascular death (P=0.017) over time were significantly higher in women than men. Women had a greater multivariate-adjusted risk for ischemic stroke (HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.14 to 3.01; P=0.013) and for the combined end point of stroke or vascular death (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.01 to 2.48; P=0.045). Conclusions— Women with symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis are at significantly greater risk for ischemic stroke and for the combined end point of stroke or vascular death. These findings suggest the need for vigorous screening of risk factors and for aggressive management of risk factors and stroke in women. They also suggest the need to ensure adequate numbers of women in clinical trials designed to explore new and promising therapies for intracranial arterial stenosis.
A method to measure the ozone penetration factor in residences under infiltration conditions: application in a multifamily apartment unit.

Recent experiments have demonstrated that outdoor ozone reacts with materials inside residential building enclosures, potentially reducing indoor exposures to ozone or altering ozone reaction byproducts. However, test methods to measure ozone penetration factors in residences (P) remain limited. We developed a method to measure ozone penetration factors in residences under infiltration conditions and applied it in an unoccupied apartment unit. Twenty-four repeated measurements were made, and results were explored to (i) evaluate the accuracy and repeatability of the new procedure using multiple solution methods, (ii) compare results from 'interference-free' and conventional UV absorbance ozone monitors, and (iii) compare results against those from a previously published test method requiring artificial depressurization. The mean (±s.d.) estimate of P was 0.54 ± 0.10 across a wide range of conditions using the new method with an interference-free monitor; the conventional monitor was unable to yield meaningful results due to relatively high limits of detection. Estimates of P were not clearly influenced by any indoor or outdoor environmental conditions or changes in indoor decay rate constants. This work represents the first known measurements of ozone penetration factors in a residential building operating under natural infiltration conditions and provides a new method for widespread application in buildings.
Transition from Cyclosporine-Induced Renal Dysfunction to Nephrotoxicity in an in Vivo Rat Model

Cyclosporin A (CsA), a calcineurin inhibitor, remain the cornerstone of immunosuppressive regimens, regardless of nephrotoxicity, which depends on the duration of drug exposure. The mechanisms and biomarkers underlying the transition from CsA-induced renal dysfunction to nephrotoxicity deserve better elucidation, and would help clinical decisions. This study aimed to clarify these issues, using a rat model of short- and long-term CsA (5 mg/kg bw/day) treatments (3 and 9 weeks, respectively). Renal function was assessed on serum and urine; kidney tissue was used for histopathological characterization and gene and/or protein expression of markers of proliferation, fibrosis and inflammation. In the short-term, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels increased and clearances decreased, accompanied by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) reduction, but without kidney lesions; at that stage, CsA exposure induced proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), factor nuclear kappa B (NF-κβ) and Tumor Protein P53 (TP53) kidney mRNA up-regulation. In the long-term treatment, renal dysfunction data was accompanied by glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions, with remarkable kidney mRNA up-regulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki-67 (Mki67), accompanied by mTOR protein overexpression. Transition from CsA-induced renal dysfunction to nephrotoxicity is accompanied by modification of molecular mechanisms and biomarkers, being mTOR one of the key players for kidney lesion evolution, thus suggesting, by mean of molecular evidences, that early CsA replacement by mTOR inhibitors is indeed the better therapeutic choice to prevent chronic allograft nephropathy.
Viral Persistence Alters CD8 T-Cell Immunodominance and Tissue Distribution and Results in Distinct Stages of Functional Impairment

ABSTRACT Chronic viral infections often result in ineffective CD8 T-cell responses due to functional exhaustion or physical deletion of virus-specific T cells. However, how persisting virus impacts various CD8 T-cell effector functions and influences other aspects of CD8 T-cell dynamics, such as immunodominance and tissue distribution, remains largely unknown. Using different strains of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), we compared responses to the same CD8 T-cell epitopes during acute or chronic infection. Persistent infection led to a disruption of the normal immunodominance hierarchy of CD8 T-cell responses seen following acute infection and dramatically altered the tissue distribution of LCMV-specific CD8 T cells in lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. Most importantly, CD8 T-cell functional impairment occurred in a hierarchical fashion in chronically infected mice. Production of interleukin 2 and the ability to lyse target cells in vitro were the first functions compromised, followed by the ability to make tumor necrosis factor alpha, while gamma interferon production was most resistant to functional exhaustion. Antigen appeared to be the driving force for this loss of function, since a strong correlation existed between the viral load and the level of exhaustion. Further, epitopes presented at higher levels in vivo resulted in physical deletion, while those presented at lower levels induced functional exhaustion. A model is proposed in which antigen levels drive the hierarchical loss of different CD8 T-cell effector functions during chronic infection, leading to distinct stages of functional impairment and eventually to physical deletion of virus-specific T cells. These results have implications for the study of human chronic infections, where similar T-cell deletion and functional dysregulation has been observed.
LEAF: Latent Extended Attribute Features Discovery for Visual Classification

To improve the discrimination of attribute representation, in this paper, we propose to extend the traditional attribute representations via embedding the latent high-order structure between attributes. Specifically, our aim is to construct the Latent Extended Attribute Features (LEAF) for visual classification. Since there only exist weak label for each attribute, we firstly propose a feature selection method to explore the common feature structures across categories. After that, the attribute classifiers are trained based on the selected features. Then, the category specific graph is introduced, which is composed of single attributes and their co-occurrence attribute pairs. This attribute graph is used as the initialized representation of each image. Considering our aim, we should discover the discriminative latent structure between attributes and train the robust category classifiers. To that end, we develop a joint learning objective function which is composed of the high-order representation mining term and the classifier training term. The mining term can both preserve category-specific information and discover the common structure between categories. Based on the discovery representation, the robust visual classifiers could be trained by the classifier term. Finally, an alternating optimization method is designed to seek the optimal solution of our objective function. Experimental results on the challenging datasets demonstrate the advantages of our proposed model over existing work.
Foot-and-mouth disease and the use of face masks

SIR — Alex Donaldson ( VR , January 12, 2008, vol 162, p 62; February 2, 2008, vol 162, p 163) has replied to Trevor Jones' proposal for wearing effective face masks during a foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) emergency ( VR , December 22/29, 2007, vol 161, pp 863-864; January 26, 2008, vol 162, pp 131-
VISUAL QUERY IN TEMPORAL DATABASE WITH MULTI DIMENSIONS

A wide range of database applications manage time-varying data. In contrast, existing database technology provides little support for managing such data. The research area of temporal databases aims to change this state of affairs by characterizing the semantics of temporal data and providing expressive and efficient ways to model, store, and query temporal data. It concisely introduces fundamental temporal database concepts, surveys state-of-the-art solutions to challenging aspects of temporal data management. Applications such as these rely on temporal databases, which record time referenced data. Temporal database management is a vibrant field of research. Temporal Database manipulations are effective based on life span time. This paper illustrates the graphical representation of the temporal database manipulations in terms of visual query with LSA. The Life Span Analyzer (LSA) provides the effective results on temporal manipulations It also explains the semantics, Patterns and Visual Query Operators.
Restorative Justice, Self-interest and Responsible Citizenship

Introduction 1. Focusing on Restorative Justice 2. Restorative Justice and Criminal Punishment 3. Common Self-interest: Seeking Socio-ethical Grounds for Restorative Justice 4. Examining Restorative Justice Practice 5. Designing a Restorative Criminal Justice System 6. Democracy, Criminology and Restorative Justice, Conclusion, Notes, Epilogue: A List of To-do's
Persistent infant crying and hyperactivity problems in middle childhood.

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether persistent infant crying is associated with an increased risk for externalizing behavior problems in childhood. METHODS Sixty-four infants who were referred for persistent crying in infancy (PC; mean age: 3.8 +/- 1.3 months) were reassessed at 8 to 10 years of age and compared with 64 classroom controls (CC). The major outcome measure was pervasive hyperactivity or conduct problems defined as parent, child, and teacher ratings that across informants were within the borderline/clinical range according to the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Ratings of other behavior problems, parent ratings of temperament, and teacher assessment of academic achievement were also obtained. RESULTS Ten (18.9%) of 53 PC had pervasive hyperactivity problems (child, parent, and teacher reported) compared with 1 (18.9%) of 62 CC (odds ratio: 14.19 [1.75-114.96]). Parents (29 [45.3%] of 64 vs 11 [17.2%] of 64; 4.00 [1.77-9.01]) and children (30 [46.9%] of 64 vs 17 [26.6%] of 64; 2.44 [1.16-5.12]) but not the teachers reported more conduct problems. Parents of PC rated the temperament of their children to be more negative in emotionality (PC mean: 3.0 +/- 1.0; CC: 2.4 +/- 1.0; effect size: 0.6) and difficult-demanding (PC mean: 5.2 +/- 1.3; CC: 6.3 +/- 0.9; effect size: 1.0). Academic achievement was reported by teachers to be significantly lower for PC than CC, in particular for those children with pervasive hyperactivity problems. CONCLUSIONS Infants who are referred for PC problems and associated sleeping or feeding problems are at increased risk for hyperactivity problems and academic difficulties in childhood.
Leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4 in fetal lamb tracheal fluid.

Previously, we demonstrated that either putative leukotriene receptor antagonists or a synthesis inhibitor markedly decreased pulmonary vascular resistance in the near-term fetal lamb and concluded that leukotrienes may play a role in maintaining the high pulmonary vascular resistance in the fetus. To further investigate the role of leukotrienes, we measured concentrations of leukotriene (LT) C4, LTD4, and LTE4 in 17 tracheal fluid samples from 8 of 9 near-term (129-139 days, term = 145 days), chronically-catheterized, fetal lambs during normoxia to evaluate their possible role in regulating resting tone and in seven of the nine before and during hypoxia to evaluate their possible role in hypoxic vasoconstriction. The tracheal fluid samples collected by gravity over 1-3 min, on ice, were immediately treated with cold ethanol, centrifuged, and the supernatant covered with N2 and stored in a -70 degrees C freezer for a maximum of 3 weeks. Purification and separation of leukotrienes was done by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography using a gradient elution method, and fractions corresponding to LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 standards were quantified immediately by radioimmunoassay. During normoxia (descending aortic PaO2 2.9 +/- 0.3 kPa [21.5 +/- 2.5 mmHg]; mean +/- SD), all 3 leukotrienes were detected in 16 of the 17 samples: LTC4 29 +/- 28 pg/ml (range 0-119 pg/ml); LTD4 66 +/- 51 pg/ml (range 9-177 pg/ml); and LTE4 43 +/- 50 pg/ml (range 0-204 pg/ml). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)