Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unified acoustic model for simulating propagation and scattering effects in oceanic waveguides

The paper addresses the recent developments of Shallow Water Acoustic Modal Propagation (SWAMP) model (http://www.ucs.louisiana.edu/∼nxs7560/swamp.html) to account for the scattering events along the acoustic signal propagation path. The theoretical and numerical aspects of SWAMP extension to model the acoustic pulse scattering by a spherical elastic shell in an inhomogeneous oceanic waveguide within the T‐matrix approach are discussed. The algorithm utilizes the incident modal functions obtained by SWAMP for an empty waveguide in the spherical representation and the free‐field T‐matrix. The theoretical foundation for the approach is based on the work by Hackman and Sammelmann [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 80, 1447–1458 (1986)]. The T‐matrix calculations are implemented in MATLAB software. The interpretation of the scattering event as the modal transformation through the T‐matrix is attempted. The numerical studies based on the new model are presented. [Work supported by the Louisiana Board of Regents Support Fund.
Factors Affecting Foreign Direct Investment: The Case of the Netherlands

This study analyzes the effect of gross domestic product, inflation, and natural resource rent on foreign direct investment in the Netherland. Our analysis employs the Autoregressive distributed lag model from 1980 to 2018. The empirical results show that gross domestic product and natural resource rent positively affected foreign direct investment while inflation negatively affected both the short and long run. This study recommends that government officials and policymakers formulate policies to promote foreign direct investment for the development of the economy of the Netherland.
Inferring Spatial Phylogenetic Variation Along Nucleotide Sequences

We develop a Bayesian multiple changepoint model to infer spatial phylogenetic variation (SPV) along aligned molecular sequence data. SPV occurs in sequences from organisms that have undergone biological recombination or when evolutionary rates and selective pressures vary along the sequences. This Bayesian approach permits estimation of uncertainty regarding recombination, the crossing-over locations, and all other model parameters. The model assumes that the sites along the data separate into an unknown number of contiguous segments, each with possibly different evolutionary relationships between organisms, evolutionary rates, and transition: transversion ratios. We develop a transition kernel, use reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo to fit our model, and draw inference from both simulated and real data. Through simulation, we examine the minimal length recombinant segment that our model can detect for several levels of evolutionary divergence. We examine the entire genome of a reported human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 isolate, related to a purported recombinant virus thought to be the causative agent of an epidemic outbreak of HIV-1 infection among intravenous drug users in Russia. We find that regions of the genome differ in their evolutionary history and selective pressures. There is strong evidence for multiple crossovers along the genome and frequent shifts in selective pressure changes throughout the vif through env genes.
Shear deformation, ideal strength, and stacking fault formation of fcc metals: A density-functional study of Al and Cu

Ab initio density-functional calculations have been used to study the response of two face-centered-cubic metals (Al and Cu) to shearing parallel to the close-packed (111) planes along two different directions, $[11\overline{2}]$ and $[\overline{1}10]$. Two different types of deformations---affine and alias---have been investigated. Under an affine shear deformation, all atoms are shifted parallel to the shearing direction by a distance proportional to their distance from the fixed basal plane. In the alias regime, only the top layer is displaced in the shearing direction. In both regimes, calculations have been performed with (pure shear) and without (simple shear) relaxation. For a pure alias shear, due to the interaction between the atoms, the displacement propagates through the sample; this is certainly the most realistic description of the shearing processes. In the pure alias regime, shear deformation, theoretical shear strength, and stacking fault formations may be described on a common footing. For small strains (in the elastic region), affine and alias shears lead to very similar results. Beyond the elastic limit, relaxation has a strong influence of the response on an applied shear strain. The elastic shear moduli are significantly larger for Cu than for Al, but a much higher shear strength is calculated for Al, although the shear strength is limited by the occurrence of a stacking fault instability before the stress maximum is reached. Under $⟨\overline{1}10⟩$ {111} shear the analysis of the atomistic deformation mechanism shows that in this case the formation of a stacking fault leads to a splitting of the $\frac{1}{2}[\overline{1}10]$ dislocation into two partial Shockley dislocations. Due to the repulsive interaction between the atoms in adjacent close-packed planes, the atoms in the top A layer move along $\frac{1}{6}[\overline{2}11]$ to a position directly above the B layer such that the stable intrinsic stacking fault configuration is the same for both slip systems. The analysis of the variation in the lattice parameters under strain reveals significant differences in the relaxation behavior of both metals: Al is very stiff, but Cu is rather soft along the $⟨112⟩$; in-plane relaxation is very strong for Cu but modest for Al. This much stronger relaxation explains that while the differences in the unstable stacking fault energies of both metals are only modest, the intrinsic stacking fault energies differ by as much as a factor of 4. A detailed comparison of the response to shear and tensile deformations has been performed. A phonon instability of the uniaxial tensile deformation along the [110] direction has been explained by the close connection with the shear system $⟨11\overline{2}⟩$ {111}.
High-resolution laser spectroscopy for the study of nuclear sizes and shapes

Modern techniques of laser spectroscopy enable measurements of optical isotope shifts and hyperfine structures to be extended across long chains of isotopes reaching far from the region of stability. While the hyperfine structure yields precise information on the spin and electromagnetic moments of the nucleus, the isotope shifts are sensitive to small differential changes in size and shape of the nuclear charge distribution. The experimental situation is reviewed, with an emphasis on the techniques used for rare and radioactive species. The status of the experimental data is summarized. Modified King plots are used to make a detailed inspection of the apparent similarities seen between neighbouring chains in different regions of the nuclear chart.
Linear decision trees, subspace arrangements and Möbius functions

Let P be a set in Rn. Given a point x, we want to test if x E P. Our model of computation is a linear decision tree, a rooted ternary tree T where with each interior node v is associated a linear function lv(x) = L.j ajxj + b, and the three edges connecting v to its descendants are labelled " ". Starting from the root, we move down the tree; at each internal node v, we check whether iv(x) >=< 0 and follow the appropriately labelled edge. Leaves are labelled YES and NO, and arriving at a leaf we read off the answer to the question "is x E P? ". Linear decision trees are sometimes surprisingly powerful devices; we mention here the result that some NP-complete problems like the knapsack problem have polynomial depth linear decision trees [MH]. Lower bound results on the size or depth of linear decision trees usually depend on counting the number of connected components of P or R n \P; this method was introduced by Dobkin and Lipton [DL] and further developed by Steele and Yao [Sy], Ben-Or [BO], and others. In this paper we describe topological methods that can be applied to obtain lower bounds also if these sets are connected. The basic idea of this paper was first explored in [BLY]: the Euler characteristic of P or R n \ P was used to estimate the number of leaves in a linear decision tree for P. Here we improve and extend the topological methods of [BLY]. In particular, we show that the Euler characteristic can be replaced by the sum of the Betti numbers of R n \ P . In [BL Y] the method was applied to the case when P is a subspace arrangement, i.e., a union of a finite number of affine subspaces. The Euler characteristic of the union is (essentially) the Mobius function of the intersection lattice of these subspaces. In this paper, using a formula of Goresky and MacPherson [GM], we work with the Betti numbers of the complement of this union and thereby obtain better bounds. The motivating problem in [BLY] was the k-equal-problem: given n real numbers Xl' •. • ,xn ' decide if some k of them are equal. It was shown that ev~ry linear decision tree for the k-equal-problem has size at least (2njk)0'(n) and (consequently) depth at least Q(nlog(2njk)) (which is best possible). We
BVRIJHK PHOTOMETRY OF RR LYRAE VARIABLES

Contemporaneous BVRI and JHK photometry are given for the RR Lyrae variables SW And and TU UMa. Additional BVRI photometry is included for the variables TT Lyn and T Sex and two JHK points for UU Vir. These 331 observations supplement those already published in our series of observations of RR Lyrae variables and can be phase-locked to radial velocities given by Barnes et al. (1988, ApJS, 67, 403) and by Wilson et al. (1989, ApJS, 69, 951). We briefly discuss our new observations of TU UMa in the context of the binary model proposed by Saha and White (1990, PASP, 102, 148).
Decompressive Craniectomy in the Management of Low Glasgow Coma Score Patients With Extradural Hematoma: A Review of Literature and Guidelines

An extradural hematoma (EDH), also known as an epidural hematoma, is a collection of blood between the inner skull table and the dura mater. It is restricted by the coronal, lambdoid, and sagittal sutures, as these are dural insertions. EDH most frequently occurs in 10- to 40-year-old patients. EDH is uncommon after age 60, as dura matter adheres firmly to the inner skull table. EDH is more common among men as compared to women. EDH most commonly occurs in the temporo-frontal regions and can also be seen in the parieto-occipital, parasagittal regions, and middle and posterior fossae. An EDH contributes approximately 2% of total head injuries and 15% of total fatal head injuries. In EDH, patients typically have a persistent, severe headache, and also, following a few hours of injury, they gradually lose consciousness. The primary bleeding vessels for EDH are the middle meningeal artery, middle meningeal vein, and torn dural venous sinuses. EDH is one of the many consequences of severe traumatic brain injuries that might lead to death. EDH is potentially a lethal condition that requires immediate intervention as, if left untreated, it can lead to growing transtentorial herniation, diminished consciousness, dilated pupils, and other neurological problems. Non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) imaging is the gold standard of investigation for diagnosing EDH. For patients with surgical indications, early craniotomy and evacuation of acute extradural hematoma (AEDH) is the gold standard procedure and is predicted to have significant clinical results. Nevertheless, there is an ongoing debate regarding the best surgical operations for AEDH. Neurosurgeons must choose between a decompressive craniectomy (DC) or a craniotomy to manage EDH, especially in patients with low Glasgow coma scores, to have a better prognosis and clinical results. This is a consultant-based review article in which we have tried to contemplate various pieces of available literature. Here, the objective is to hypothesize DC as the primary surgical management for massive hematoma, which usually presents as a low Glasgow coma score. This is because DC was found to be beneficial in clinical practice.
The Removal of the Environment: Time’s Symbolic Annihilation of Environmental Issues as Cover Stories

ABSTRACT This research analyzes 57 Time magazine covers focusing on the construction of various environmental issues throughout its 97-year publication history and the discourse they represent. Through qualitative content analysis techniques, the research ascertains that Time symbolically annihilates environmental issues in three ways: negativity as the norm, absence of specifics, and the lack of connection to humans. These themes result in a discourse and overall presentation of environmental issues as shallow and non-ameliorative. The implication of these findings, following cultivation theory, have significance for society as the content can reflect the current state of discourse as well as shape public understanding. Given the ubiquity of mass media, the way they present environmental issues provides a substantial source of information to describe the current discourse and the status of environmental issues in the public domain.
A Search for the CO (J = 1–0) Emission Line toward the Quasar H1413+117

We have searched for the CO (J = 1-0) line emission toward the gravitational lensed "Cloverleaf' quasar, H1413+117, at z — 2.56 using the 45-m telescope of Nobeyama Radio Observatory. The r.m.s. noise of the resultant spectrum was 1 0.79 at z = 2.56. This value corresponds to TB[CO (J = 3-2)]/TB[CO (J 1-0)] > 0.72-0.75 at z = 0 from a LVG calculation. This temperature ratio is consistent with those in the central regions of nearby IR luminous galaxies.
RADAR OBSERVATIONS OF COMET 103P/HARTLEY 2

Comets rarely come close enough to be studied intensively with Earth-based radar. The most recent such occurrence was when Comet 103P/Hartley 2 passed within 0.12 AU in late 2010 October, less than two weeks before the EPOXI flyby. This offered a unique opportunity to improve pre-encounter trajectory knowledge and obtain complementary physical data for a spacecraft-targeted comet. 103P/Hartley 2 is only the fourth comet nucleus to be imaged with radar and already the second to be identified as an elongated, bilobate object based on its delay-Doppler signature. The images show the dominant spin mode to be a rotation about the short axis with a period of 18.2 hr. The nucleus has a low radar albedo consistent with a surface density of 0.5–1.0 g cm−3. A separate echo component was detected from large (>cm) grains ejected anisotropically with velocities of several to tens of meters per second. Radar shows that, in terms of large-grain production, 103P/Hartley 2 is an unusually active comet for its size.
A homotopy algorithm for solving coupled riccati equations

Many applications of optimization theory require the solution of a set of coupled Riccati equations. In multi-person-games problems, the players' decision for the Nash equilibrium depend on Riccati equations coupled through their quadratic terms. Another example is provided by linear-quadratic control. When the system is subject to sudden and random changes in parameter values, the optimal feedback is computed from the solution of Riccati equations coupled through their weighting terms. After recalling the principle of homotopy methods, it is shown how it generates a new and efficient algorithm for this class of problem. An illustrative example is given.
Tourist expectations and satisfaction in mountain gorilla tourism in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda

ABSTRACT Sustainable tourism plays a pivotal role in the conservation of endangered mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei); however, few studies have investigated tourist expectations and satisfaction from a tourism management perspective. We conducted a questionnaire survey (N = 303) from December 2019 to January 2020 in Bwindi, Uganda, and measured tourists’ expectations and satisfaction of 21 specific aspects on 5-point Likert scale. We also collected socio-demographic data and measured the overall satisfaction, recommendations to their friends and/or relatives, and the willingness to revisit on 10-point Likert scale. Tourists had high expectations, especially regarding observation experience, conservation, and education, while they had high satisfaction levels for most items, but with large variances in several aspects such as the costs and easiness of tracking. Mean satisfaction levels outweighed mean expectations in most items except for the sense of crowdedness and observation manner. The overall satisfaction and recommendation levels were very high but the willingness to revisit varied among tourists (negatively correlated with age), suggesting gorilla tourism is once in a lifetime experience for many tourists. The results indicated that mountain gorilla tourism performed well, but also highlighted implications for maintaining a sustainable tourism-conservation balance.
Microbiomes in Acne Vulgaris and Their Susceptibility to Antibiotics in Indonesia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Hot and humid countries such as Indonesia have a higher prevalence of acne vulgaris (AV). The activity of skin microbes, not only Cutibacterium acnes, contribute to the formation of AV. Topical and oral antibiotics are routinely prescribed to treat AV. As antimicrobial resistance rates increase globally, there are concerns about decreased efficacy. This study intends to systematically evaluate the microbiomes isolated from AV lesions and their antibiotics susceptibility in Indonesia. The data were retrieved through PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect searches for articles published until July 2022 using three multiword searches. Sixteen studies published between 2001 and 2022 were identified from which the data were pooled using a random effects model. The pooled prevalence estimates demonstrated that C. acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus were the three common microbes associated with AV in Indonesia. Tetracyclines had lower resistance rates compared to those of macrolides and clindamycin, with C. acnes showing a resistance rate that is as high as 60.1% against macrolides. C. acnes resistance against minocycline showed an increasing trend, whereas the resistances to doxycycline, clindamycin, and macrolides stagnated. The high resistance prevalence and trends signify a public health concern. The results of this study call for the development of antibiotic stewardship programs in Indonesia, which may lead to improved acne outcomes.
Actigraphic Wake after Sleep Onset and Symptom Severity Correspond with Rumination in Trauma-Exposed Individuals

Rumination and worry are forms of repetitive negative thinking (RNT) commonly associated with internalizing psychopathologies, although less is known about RNT in trauma-exposed individuals with internalizing psychopathologies. Separate lines of research show RNT also plays a role in problematic sleep, which is frequently experienced after trauma exposure. To address gaps in the literature, the current study examines the impact of sleep and symptoms on RNT in trauma-exposed participants. A transdiagnostic sample of 46 unmedicated treatment-seeking trauma-exposed participants completed standard measures of rumination and worry, as well as clinical measures that assessed posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety severity. Actigraphic sleep variables were sleep duration, wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep efficiency. Sleep and clinical measures were submitted to multiple regression analyses with rumination and worry as dependent variables. The regression results showed that rumination was significantly explained by WASO and posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) severity, and the omnibus test was significant. Depression, anxiety, and other estimates of sleep were not significant. No significant results emerged for worry. Preliminary findings suggest that PTSS and WASO, an index of fragmented sleep, may contribute to rumination, but not worry, in trauma-exposed individuals. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine potential causal relationships.
Visualizing Anti-Patterns in Microservices at Runtime: A Systematic Mapping Study

In the world of microservices, companies must be able to create systems that operate in the most efficient way. To achieve this, anti-patterns must be avoided because of their detriment to the quality of the system. Some of the most troubling anti-patterns are hard to detect because of their appearance at runtime. Effectively removing anti-patterns from a system requires dynamic analysis because of the large size of microservice-based systems. While the detection of anti-patterns is helpful, being able to visualize them offers a great benefit to companies working with microservices. Seeing how the overall system is flowing and recognizing the existence of anti-patterns can help improve microservice-based systems. In this paper, a systematic mapping study was performed to find the current state of research on visualizing anti-patterns in microservices from the dynamic perspective. Several hundred papers were examined and a total of 31 were found to be relevant to the research topic. The papers, when analyzed, revealed that there are mechanisms to detect anti-patterns at runtime in microservices, and there are also mechanisms for visualizing the architecture of a microservice-based system. This study’s findings could help to identify and remove anti-patterns that occur during runtime in microservices, as well as a means of visualizing these anti-patterns.
Current density profile measurement on the Texas Experimental Tokamak using a heavy ion beam probe

For the first time, a heavy ion beam probe has been used to measure the poloidal magnetic flux in a tokamak. In this measurement, first proposed over 20 years ago, the toroidal displacement of the heavy ion beam probe particles is caused by the force of the poloidal magnetic field on the ion beam probe particles. In a nearly toroidally symmetric device such as the Texas Experimental Tokamak, the toroidal position of the ions at the detector consists of a part proportional to the poloidal magnetic flux at the sample volume and an integrated contribution of the poloidal magnetic flux along the trajectory. The local part in the relation between beam position and magnetic flux is used as a correction term in an iterative algorithm that calculates the poloidal magnetic flux. The q profile and the current density profile can be derived from the measured poloidal flux. Errors of the measurement can be due to uncertainties in the analyzer position and also in the knowledge of the location of the sample volume. Al.
On Some Properties of Programming Problems in Parametric form Pertaining to Fractional Programming

This paper presents results which apply to convex programming problem in parametric form. The results secured are also related to the problem of fractional programming in a way which indicates computational possibilities for the latter class of problems. The results are extended to general non-linear programming problems with special reference to continuous criterion functions. As a particular case, the linear fractional programming problem is considered and, in conclusion, the results secured here are pointed up by reference to existing algorithms for the latter class of problems.