Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EDUCATION POLICY ANALYSIS ARCHIVES

Among the two most prominent school reform measures currently being implemented in The United States are school choice and test-based accountability. Until recently, the two policy initiatives remained relatively distinct from one another. With the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB), a mutualism between choice and accountability emerged whereby school choice complements test-based accountability. In the first portion of this study we present a conceptual overview of school choice and test-based accountability and explicate connections between the two that are explicit in reform implementations like NCLB or implicit within the market-based reform literature in which school choice and test-based accountability reside. In the second portion we scrutinize the connections, in particular, between school choice and test-based accountability using a large western school district with a popular choice system in place. Data from three sources are combined to explore the ways in which school choice and test-based accountability draw on each other: state assessment data of children in the district, school choice data for every participating student in the district choice Education Policy Analysis Archives Vol. 13 No. 41 2 program, and a parental survey of both participants and non-participants of choice asking their attitudes concerning the use of school report cards in the district. Results suggest that choice is of benefit academically to only the lowest achieving students, choice participation is not uniform across different ethnic groups in the district, and parents’ primary motivations as reported on a survey for participation in choice are not due to test scores, though this is not consistent with choice preferences among parents in the district. As such, our results generally confirm the hypotheses of choice critics more so than advocates.
BIC strategies for model choice in a population approach

We consider joint selection of fixed and random effects in general nonlinear mixed-effects models. We focus on BIC (Bayesian Information Criterion) strategies that are very popular among applied researchers. We derive an appropriate BIC's penalty to identify the effective random effects and their correlation structure. Then we provide an extension of the BIC introduced by Delattre et al. (2014) to perform joint variable and random effects selection. We propose to use a stepwise algorithm to select the covariates of the model and the effective random effects simultaneously. A simulation study and a real pharmacology data analysis illustrate the good behaviour and the ease of use of the procedure.
Sorption-cooled continuous miniature dilution refrigeration for astrophysical applications

A progress report is provided on the development of a tiltable continuous miniature dilution refrigerator and associated 3He/4He sorption coolers. These systems are currently being developed to provide sub-Kelvin cooling of the bolometer arrays for several ground- and balloon-based experiments which aim to measure the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (QUBIC, LSPE and POLARBEAR-2). The novel tiltable miniaturised system benefits from a lack of external circulation pumps and a mechanically simple design. The condenser of the twin-pumped recirculating diluter is cooled continuously by two 3He/4He sorption coolers. The sorption pumps are operated by convective heat switches. The dilution unit features a thermally separated mixing chamber, still and step heat exchangers. The designs and analyses of both the sorption coolers and the diluter are reported; both systems have been manufactured and are presently under test.
Design and Processing of Invertible Orientation Scores of 3D Images for Enhancement of Complex Vasculature

The enhancement and detection of elongated structures in noisy image data is relevant for many biomedical imaging applications. To handle complex crossing structures in 2D images, 2D orientation scores $U: \mathbb{R} ^ 2\times S ^ 1 \rightarrow \mathbb{C}$ were introduced, which already showed their use in a variety of applications. Here we extend this work to 3D orientation scores $U: \mathbb{R} ^ 3 \times S ^ 2\rightarrow \mathbb{C}$. First, we construct the orientation score from a given dataset, which is achieved by an invertible coherent state type of transform. For this transformation we introduce 3D versions of the 2D cake-wavelets, which are complex wavelets that can simultaneously detect oriented structures and oriented edges. Here we introduce two types of cake-wavelets, the first uses a discrete Fourier transform, the second is designed in the 3D generalized Zernike basis, allowing us to calculate analytical expressions for the spatial filters. Finally, we show two applications of the orientation score transformation. In the first application we propose an extension of crossing-preserving coherence enhancing diffusion via our invertible orientation scores of 3D images which we apply to real medical image data. In the second one we develop a new tubularity measure using 3D orientation scores and apply the tubularity measure to both artificial and real medical data.
JURNAL ILMIAH PENDIDIKAN PROFESI GURU

Currently, students must be independent learners, which becomes even more challenging during this pandemic. This study aims to analyze the application of self-editing activities to improve recount text writing skills in high school students. This research is experimental research with the research design used is post-test only control group design. Data were collected from class X students. There were two classes selected to be the sample of this study. To obtain data, the researcher used a writing test. After being given treatment, students were given a post-test about writing recount text. Students' writing is assessed using a writing assessment rubric. The results were compared and examined to determine the effect of self-editing activities on students' writing. Furthermore, the effect size is measured to determine how much influence self-editing activities have on students' writing skills, especially in recount texts. The results showed that the average value of the experimental group was 83.05, and the control group was 80.26. While the standard deviation in the experimental group was 5.417, and the control group was 5.486. Based on the study results, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of self-editing activities on students' writing skills, especially in writing recount texts. This activity can be a helpful learning strategy to be applied in the current teaching and learning process.
Lectura: Jurnal Pendidikan

Recent research shows that students’ ability to read and create phylogenetic trees (tree thinking) is low, meanwhile phylogenetic analysis has become one of the demands on the 2016 version of the 2013 curriculum. Learning using phylogenetic trees is thought to be able to train critical thinking skills as the demands of the 21st century. However, the use of phylogenetic worksheets, especially on Spermatophyte classification, is often skipped in learning activities at School. This research aims to determine the improvement of students’ tree thinking and critical thinking skills after implementing phylogenetic worksheets in Spermatophyte learning as a visual representation of treethinking abilities. This research type was experimental research with one group pretest posttest design that involving 29 students. The research data collection methods were test and interview. The research instruments that used are 25 multiple choice questions of tree-thinking test instrument and 10 essay questions of critical thinking test instrument. Data then analyzed by N-Gain test. The interview was conducted to obtain supporting data. The results showed that learning by implementing phylogenetic worksheets was quite effective in increasing critical thinking skills and tree-thinking skills with an average increase of both in the medium category. As a result, the spermatophyte classification learning using phylogenetic worksheet can be used as an alternative learning activity because it can improve tree thinking and critical thinking skills.
V2X Content Distribution Using Batched Network Code

Content distribution is one of the most popular applications in intelligent transportation system to assist vehicles in acquiring information and achieving mobile entertainment. In this paper, we consider content distribution from a single roadside infrastructure to a group of vehicles passing by it. To combat the short connection time and the lossy channel, the downloaded contents need to be further shared among vehicles after the broadcasting phase. To this end, we introduce an efficient V2X, i.e., joint vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) scheme by using batched sparse (BATS) code to minimize the traffic overhead and reduce the total downloading delay. Specifically, the roadside unit (RSU) encodes the original large-size file into a number of batches in a rateless manner, each containing a fixed number of encoded packets, which are then sequentially broadcast during the connection time. After vehicles moving out of the coverage area of the RSU, they actively help each other with the file recovery via efficient network-coded P2P transmissions. To maximize the usefulness of each transmission, and hence reduce the total transmission cost, a utility-based distributed algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimal broadcasting sequence at each individual vehicle. Furthermore, we derive a closed-form expression for the expected channel rank distribution observed at the bottleneck vehicle, which is then used to optimize BATS coding parameters. The performance of the proposed content distribution scheme is evaluated by extensive simulations and shown to significantly outperform the existing content distribution protocols.
The baryon fraction of ΛCDM haloes

We investigate the baryon fraction in dark matter haloes formed in non-radiative gasdynamical simulations of the �CDM cosmogony. By combining a realisation of the Millennium Simulation (Springel et al.) with a simulation of a smaller volume focussing on dwarf haloes, our study spans five decades in halo mass, from 1010 h−1 M⊙ to 1015 h−1 M⊙. We find that the baryon fraction within the halo virial radius is typically 90% of the cosmic mean, with an rms scatter of 6%, independently of redshift and of halo mass down to the smallest resolved haloes. Our results show that, contrary to the proposal of Mo et al. (2005), previrialisation gravitational heating is unable to prevent the collapse of gas within galactic and proto-galactic haloes, and confirm the need for non-gravitational feedback in order to reduce the efficiency of gas cooling and star formation in dwarf galaxy haloes. Simulations including a simple photo-heatingmodel (where a gas temperature floor of Tfloor = 2×104 K is imposed from z = 11) confirm earlier suggestions that photoheating can only prevent the collapse of baryons in systems with virial temperatures T200 . 2.2 Tfloor � 4.4 × 104 K (corresponding to a virial mass of M200 � 1010 h−1 M⊙ and a circular velocity of V200 � 35 km s−1). Photoheating may thus help regulate the formation of dwarf spheroidals and other galaxies at the extreme faint-end of the luminosity function, but it cannot, on its own, reconcile the abundance of sub-L⋆ galaxies with the vast number of dwarf haloes expected in the �CDM cosmogony. The lack of evolution or mass dependence seen in the baryon fraction augurs well for X-ray cluster studies that assume a universal and non-evolving baryon fraction to place constraints on cosmological parameters.
Expectations and realities for first year students at an Australian university

Student expectations and their realization are regarded as having a significant effect on the successful transition of students into and their engagement with university. Students from the Faculties of Law (internal and external modes of study) and Information Technology (internal only) provided their expectations (week 1: 918 students) and reported the realities (week 13: 680) in the areas of experiences, challenges and management of their learning during their first semester at the Queensland University of Technology. While their expectations were diverse and the match and mismatch of expectations and reality were complex, and while they expected and reported having an overall rewarding and positive experience, they indicated that their expectations about developing new learning skills were not fulfilled. Implications of this for curricula and the design and management of learning environments are discussed.
Supplementary File : Revealing Cascading Failure Vulnerability in Power Grids using Risk-Graph

In current literatures, many simulation methods have been proposed to investigate the vulnerability of power grids [1]. Generally speaking, high-level statistical models, e.g. the CASCADE model [2], provide some statistical and probabilistic methods to study cascading failures; historical data methods try to find failure patterns from the historical blackout records [3]; deterministic models are the most important and prevalent models in studying the vulnerability of power grids, within which N − x contingency analysis [4] is the biggest family; network models mainly employ the topological properties of power grid networks, e.g. “betweenness” and “degree”, to mimic the power distribution in power grids. In addition, network theory models are widely adopted to study the malicious attack strategies against power grids. There are two prevailing network models, the recoverable model [5] and the non-recoverable model [6]. The major difference between them is the assumption of load definition and load redistribution after occurrences of failures or overloading of nodes/links [7]. Under the recoverable model, the load of each node/link is defined as betweenness [5]. To calculate the betweenness of nodes/links, we need to find the shortest path between each pair of generator and distribution substations. For example, if there are NG generator and ND distribution substations, there are NG × ND generator-distribution pairs. The betweenness of a node/link is then defined as the number of such shortest paths going through this node/link. When one or more nodes/links are knocked down, the shortest paths that originally pass through them need to be detoured, and then the load of surviving nodes/links is redistributed by recalculating the betweenness. Compared to the recoverable model, the load of a node/link under the non-recoverable model is defined as the multiplication of its degree with the
New results on classical and quantum counter automata

We show that one-way quantum one-counter automaton with zero-error is more powerful than its probabilistic counterpart on promise problems. Then, we obtain a similar separation result between Las Vegas one-way probabilistic one-counter automaton and one-way deterministic one-counter automaton. We also obtain new results on classical counter automata regarding language recognition. It was conjectured that one-way probabilistic one blind-counter automata cannot recognize Kleene closure of equality language [A. Yakaryilmaz: Superiority of one-way and realtime quantum machines. RAIRO - Theor. Inf. and Applic. 46(4): 615-641 (2012)]. We show that this conjecture is false, and also show several separation results for blind/non-blind counter automata.
Cyber security study for power systems under denial of service attacks

An open communication infrastructure is used to support data transmission in a modern deregulated power system, it makes communication channels vulnerable to cyber-attacks and the reliability of the power system is affected. This paper studies the load frequency control of a one area power system under denial-of-service attacks. First, the state model of the closed-loop power system for one area is formulated, where the time delay of the communication channels is taken into account. Secondly, an event-triggering control mechanism is integrated with the load frequency control scheme of the power system; it can effectively improve the utilization of communication channels for an area control error transmission. Then, by utilizing the average dwell time design approach, the exponential stability criteria and the good stability effect can be obtained for a one area power system with an event-triggered load frequency control scheme under denial-of-service attacks, if an appropriate rate is chosen for the allowable denial-of-service attacks duration when the entire system running, and if the time delay margin can be acquired for these criteria. Finally, an example shows that the dynamics of a one area power system are compared with different denial-of-service attacks scenarios.
Photometric redshifts for galaxies in the Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume Survey (SERVS)

We present photometric redshifts for ∼4 million galaxies detected in the Spitzer 3.6 or 4.5 μm bands of the Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume Survey (SERVS). The 18 deg2 area of SERVS covers five extragalactic fields with a variety of ancillary, optical, and near-infrared (IR) photometry. We evaluate the accuracy of our photometric redshifts with ∼90.000 publicly available, spectroscopic redshifts. Overall, we find an average of ∼0.038 for the normalized median absolute deviation (σ NMAD), a measure similar to the standard deviation yet more robust against outliers, and outlier fraction η of 3.7 per cent for the sources with the widest wavelength coverage. On the example of the XMM field, we quantify the quality and reliability of photometric redshifts as a function of (1) the number of photometric bands available in the fitting, (2) iAB magnitude, (3) Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) 3.6μm magnitude, (4) spectroscopic redshift, and (5) the survey origin of the spectroscopic redshift. The best results are achieved when the photometry available for the fitting covers rest-frame optical and near-IR wavelengths. σ NMAD and η are smallest for the brightest objects. Similarly, we find σ NMAD and η to be smaller on average at z < 1.5 than at z > 1.5. Photometric redshifts derived without the two IRAC filter bands, but detections in all other bands are slightly underestimated. Approximately 76 per cent of SERVS sources with at least five available filter bands lie between redshift 0 and ∼1.5. We find a tail of high-redshift galaxies, i.e. ∼7 per cent of all objects with at least five available filter bands for the fitting lie at z > 3. We discuss ways to improve upon the photometric redshifts for SERVS galaxies in the future.
Digital frequency offset-locked He–Ne laser system with high beat frequency stability, narrow optical linewidth and optical fibre output

We report on the enhancement of a previously-presented heterodyne laser source on the basis of two phase-locked loop (PLL) frequency coupled internal-mirror He–Ne lasers. Our new system consists of two digitally controlled He–Ne lasers with slightly different wavelengths, and offers high-frequency stability and very narrow optical linewidth. The digitally controlled system has been realized by using a FPGA controller and transconductance amplifiers. The light of both lasers was coupled into separate fibres for heterodyne interferometer applications. To enhance the laser performance we observed the sensitivity of both laser tubes to electromagnetic noise from various laser power supplies and frequency control systems. Furthermore, we describe how the linewidth of a frequency-controlled He–Ne laser can be reduced during precise frequency stabilisation. The digitally controlled laser source reaches a standard beat frequency deviation of less than 20 Hz (with 1 s gate time) and a spectral full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the beat signal less than 3 kHz. The laser source has enough optical output power to serve a fibre-coupled multi axis heterodyne interferometer. The system can be adjusted to output beat frequencies in the range of 0.1 MHz–20 MHz.
Probabilistic Reliable Dissemination in Large-Scale Systems

The growth of the Internet raises new challenges for the design of distributed systems and applications. In the context of group communication protocols, gossip-based schemes have attracted interest as they are scalable, easy to deploy, and resilient to network and process failures. However, traditional gossip-based protocols have two major drawbacks: 1) they rely on each peer having knowledge of the global membership; and 2) being oblivious to the network topology, they can impose a high load on network links when applied to wide-area settings. In this paper, we provide a theoretical analysis of gossip-based protocols which relates their reliability to key system parameters (the system size, failure rates, and number of gossip targets). The results provide guidelines for the design of practical protocols. In particular, they show how reliability can be maintained while alleviating drawback by: 1) providing each peer with only a small subset of the total membership information and drawback; and 2) organizing members into a hierarchical structure that reflects their proximity according to some network-related metric. We validate the analytical results by simulations and verify that the hierarchical gossip protocol considerably reduces the load on the network compared to the original, non-hierarchical protocol.
Operational Research: A Role in Strengthening Community Participation?

Considers the potential use of operational research for strengthening community participation – terms that have formerly been employed ambiguously or with a variety of meanings. Begins by providing some explanation of “operational research”, identifying specifically those factors which have prompted the development of a “new paradigm” operational research. Of these, considers the need for new practices and particularly the value of operational research adopting practices derivative from participatory research. Outlines development of community operational research as an example of new paradigm operational research; some of the work of the Community Operational Research Unit in the UK is illustrated. Concludes by examining the value of community operational research as a potential tool for strengthening community participation.
Tensor Regression Networks

To date, most convolutional neural network architectures output predictions by ﬂattening 3 rd-order activation tensors, and applying fully-connected output layers. This approach has two drawbacks: (i) we lose rich, multi-modal structure during the ﬂattening process and (ii) fully-connected layers require many parameters. We present the ﬁrst attempt to circumvent these issues by expressing the output of a neural network directly as the the result of a multi-linear mapping from an activation tensor to the output. By imposing low-rank constraints on the regression tensor, we can efﬁciently solve problems for which existing solutions are badly parametrized. Our proposed tensor regression layer replaces ﬂattening operations and fully-connected layers by leveraging multi-modal structure in the data and expressing the regression weights via a low rank tensor decomposition. Additionally, we combine tensor regression with tensor contraction to further increase efﬁciency. Augmenting the VGG and ResNet architectures, we demonstrate large reductions in the number of parameters with negligible impact on performance on the ImageNet dataset.