Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Insulin on the Disposal of Intravenous Glucose: Results from Indirect Calorimetry and Hepatic and Femoral Venous Catheterization

The effect of insulin on the disposal of intravenous glucose was examined employing the euglycemic insulin clamp technique in 24 normal subjects. When the plasma insulin concentration was raised by approximately 100 μU/ml, total glucose metabolism rose to 6.63 ± 0.38 mg/kg · min. Basal splanchnic (hepatic venous catheter technique) glucose production, 2.00 increased only slightly. These results suggest that the ability of higher doses of insulin to further stimulate glucose metabolism is primarily the result of increased glucose storage by peripheral tissues, most likely muscle. 0.15 ± mg/kg · min, reverted to a small net glucose uptake which averaged 0.33 mg/kg · min over the ensuing 2 h. This represented only 5% of the total glucose metabolized. In contrast, leg (femoral venous catheterization) glucose uptake rose from 1.18 ± 0.14 to 8.40 ± 1.06 mg/kg of leg wt. per min. If all muscles in the body respond similarly to those in the leg, muscle would account for 85% of the total glucose metabolism. To determine the relative contributions of glucose oxidation versus glucose storage by peripheral tissues following hyperinsulinemia, we performed euglycemic insulin clamp studies in combination with indirect calorimetry. Basal glucose oxidation, 1.21 ± 0.10 mg/kg min, rose to 2.28 ± 0.16 (P < 0.01), and this increase above baseline accounted for only 20% of the total glucose metabolized, 5.44 ± 0.38 mg/kg · min. Following insulin, glucose storage increased to 3.18 ± 0.34 mg/kg min and was responsible for 59% of the total glucose metabolized. These results indicate that the primary effect of insulin on muscle tissue is to enhance glucose storage, presumably as glycogen. When a higher degree of hyperinsulinemia (163 ± 19 μl/ml) was created while maintaining euglycemia, total glucose metabolism (7.99 ± 0.58) and glucose storage (5.30 ± 0.80) both increased (P < 0.01) compared with the lower dose insulin clamp study, but glucose oxidation (2.70 ± 0.16 mgμkg min)increased only slightly. These results suggest that the ability of higher doses of insulin to further stimulate glucose metabolism is primarily the result of increased glucose storage by peripheral tissues, most likely muscle.
Mechanism for Dexamethasone Inhibition of Neutrophil Migration upon Exposure to Lipopolysaccharide in Vitro: Role of Neutrophil Interleukin-8 Release

The mechanism by which dexamethasone (DEX) inhibits neutrophil (PMN) recruitment to a site of inflammation, such as the newborn lung with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, is not completely understood. The aim of our study was to determine whether DEX inhibits neutrophil-induced neutrophil recruitment by inhibition of interleukin- (IL) 8 release from PMNs, and if there are developmental differences. PMNs isolated from cord blood (CB) and adults (A) were studied. We first measured the effect of DEX (10−10 to 10−4 M) on PMN migration to an exogenous IL-8 standard (10−8 M) using PMNs of CB (n= 3) and A (n= 3), over 1 h in a chemotaxis chamber. Second, we determined the effect of DEX (0 and 10−10 to 10−6 M) on IL-8 release (immunoasay) from PMNs of CB (n= 7) or A (n= 7) after incubation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 ng/mL) for 6 and 18 h. Third, the chemoattractant activity of culture media from the second experiment was studied with and without IL-8 antibody. DEX at concentrations of 10−10 to 10−4 M had no direct effect on PMN migration in vitro to an exogenous IL-8 standard. After LPS exposure, IL-8 release was greatly increased for PMNs from CB compared with A. DEX (10−10 to 10−4 M) resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of IL-8 release from PMNs exposed to LPS for 6 and 18 h incubation. Increased PMN migration activity was only found with media of PMNs of CB with no DEX. At 18 h, media-induced migration activity was decreased if DEX (10−7 M), IL-8 antibody, or DEX (10−7 M) with IL-8 antibody were present during the incubation with LPS: there was an 88, 86, and 101% reduction in migration activity, respectively. We conclude that DEX inhibits PMN-induced PMN migration, predominantly via inhibition of IL-8 release for PMNs of the newborn. We suggest that a 10-fold lowering of the standard DEX dose may effectively reduce lung inflammation in bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Pain among veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom.

OBJECTIVE Pain is one of the most frequently reported symptoms by veterans returning from recent overseas military actions. The purpose of the current study was to obtain a preliminary estimate of the prevalence and severity of pain among veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF; N=970). The demographic, etiologic, and diagnostic characteristics of 100 veterans with moderate to severe chronic pain conditions were examined in order to provide a description of this new group of pain patients. DESIGN This was a historical cohort study that utilized electronic medical record review for all data collection. PATIENTS All registered OEF/OIF veterans seeking treatment at a Southeastern Veterans' Affairs medical center were included in the initial cohort. In order to describe the characteristics of those with clinically significant pain, 100 veterans were randomly sampled from the subset of patients who reported moderate to severe chronic pain intensity during a medical visit (N=219). RESULTS Approximately 47% of veterans whose charts included pain score documentation (N=793) reported at least a mild level of current pain. Moderate to severe pain intensity was recorded for 28% (N=219) of those in the initial cohort with pain scores. Diagnoses of musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders were recorded for 82% of those with chronic conditions (i.e., duration>or=1 month). CONCLUSIONS The results of this preliminary study suggest that a substantial percentage of OEF/OIF veterans will experience clinically significant pain following their military service.
Energy-Based Sequence GANs for Recommendation and Their Connection to Imitation Learning

Recommender systems aim to find an accurate and efficient mapping from historic data of user-preferred items to a new item that is to be liked by a user. Towards this goal, energy-based sequence generative adversarial nets (EB-SeqGANs) are adopted for recommendation by learning a generative model for the time series of user-preferred items. By recasting the energy function as the feature function, the proposed EB-SeqGANs is interpreted as an instance of maximum-entropy imitation learning.
WASHINGTON CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENT HYPOTHESIS: THE CASE OF INDIA

This article uses recent developments in econometric techniques to examine the export-led growth hypothesis for India over 1950-2009. The Granger-causality tests were based on two testing approaches: the vector error correction modeling approach outlined in Toda and Philips; and the augmented level VAR modeling with integrated and cointegrated processes (of arbitrary orders) separately introduced by Toda and Yamamoto (1995) and Dolado and Lutkepohl(1996). Empirical results reveal the unidirectional Granger causality from real export to real GDP growth. This weak exogeneity supports the export-led development hypothesis for India. Additional determinants of growth are also found to be significant.
Modeling robot-soil interaction for planetary rover motion control

In aim to optimize the control for an off-road robot and specially a robot with a crawling motion mode named peristaltical motion, it is essential to understand robot-soil interaction. We present an efficient method for simulating this interaction. This method can simulate the dynamic behavior of a 6-wheeled/3-axles Marsokhod type robot on different kinds of soils. With this simulation, we have defined the necessary conditions for using the peristaltical motion on sand or loose soil.
Model-independent Arbitrage Bounds on American Put Options

The standard approach to pricing financial derivatives is to determine the discounted, risk-neutral expected payoff under a model. This model-based approach leaves us prone to model risk, as no model can fully capture the complex behaviour of asset prices in the real world. Alternatively, we could use the prices of some liquidly traded options to deduce no-arbitrage conditions on the contingent claim in question. Since the reference prices are taken from the market, we are not required to postulate a model and thus the conditions found have to hold under any model. In this thesis we are interested in the pricing of American put options using the latter approach. To this end, we will assume that European options on the same underlying and with the same maturity are liquidly traded in the market. We can then use the market information incorporated into these prices to derive a set of no-arbitrage conditions that are valid under any model. Furthermore, we will show that in a market trading only finitely many American and co-terminal European options it is always possible to decide whether the prices are consistent with a model or there has to exist arbitrage in the market.
Connections of the retrosplenial granular a cortex in the rat

Although the retrosplenial granular a cortex (Rga) is situated in a critical position between the hippocampal formation and the neocortex, few studies have examined its connections. The present experiments use both retrograde and anterograde tracing techniques to characterize the afferent and efferent connections of Rga. Cortical projections to Rga originate in the ipsilateral area infraradiata, the retrosplenial agranular and granular b cortices, the ventral subiculum, and the contralateral Rga. Subcortical projections originate in the claustrum, the diagonal band of Broca, the thalamus, the midbrain raphe nuclei, and the locus coeruleus. The thalamic projections to Rga originate mainly in the anterodorsal (AD) and laterodorsal (LD) nuclei, with sparse projections arising in the anteroventral (AV) and reuniens nuclei. Each projection to Rga terminates in distinct layers of the cortex. The thalamic projection from AD terminates primarily in layers I, 111, and IV of Rga, whereas the s o n s arising from the LD nucleus have a dense terminal plexus only in layer I. The projections arising from the subiculum end predominantly in layer 11, whereas the postsubiculum projects to layers I and 111‐V. Axons from the contralateral Rga form a dense terminal plexus in layers IV and V, with a smaller number of terminals in layers I and VI. Rga projects ipsilaterally to the AV and LD nuclei of the thalamus and to the anterior cingulate, retrosplenial agranular, and postsubicular cortices. Contralaterally it projects to the retrosplenial agranular and Rga cortices. Rga projections to the thalamus terminate ipsilaterally in the dorsal part of LD and bilaterally in AV. Together, these data suggest that Rga integrates thalamic with limbic information.
Spontaneous reporting of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with antiepileptic drugs.

OBJECTIVE To assess the association between Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/ toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and antiepileptics including the most recently authorized drugs. METHODS In the Spanish Pharmacovigilance database, we searched for spontaneous reports of SJS or TEN associated with antiepileptic drugs and analysed: a) reporting odds ratio (ROR), b) age and gender of the patient, c) evolution, d) latency and recovery periods and e) presence or absence of other suspected drugs. RESULTS A total of 84 reports of SJS and 80 of TEN related to 9 antiepileptic drugs were studied. Reports were mainly associated with phenytoin (SJS: 28; TEN: 43), lamotrigine (SJS: 37; TEN: 20) and carbamazepine (SJS: 14; TEN: 16). Other antiepileptic drugs involved were: valproate, phenobarbital, oxcarbazepine, levetiracetam, primidone and gabapentin. Patients were of a median age of 40 [1-87] and 57.3% of them were women. Cases related to phenytoin were more common in older men and to lamotrigine in younger women. The latency period of SJS and TEN did not exceed the first month of treatment and, in most of the analysed reports, the outcome was recovery. CONCLUSIONS Our observations support the association of SJS or TEN with phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproate or phenobarbital and enlighten the role of lamotrigine and others such as oxcarbazepine or levetiracetam.
A CMOS-MEMS resonant gate field effect transistor

A high-frequency CMOS-MEMS resonant gate field effect transistor (RGFET) composed of a metal/oxide composite resonant-gate structure and an FET transducer has been demonstrated for the first time utilizing the conventional CMOS technology with Q > 1,700 and the signal-to-feedthrough ratio greater than 40 dB under a direct two-port measurement. As compared to the capacitive-type MEMS resonators, the proposed CMOS-MEMS RGFET features an inherent transconductance gain (gm) offered by the FET transduction capable of enhancing the motional signal of the resonator. In this work, we designed a clamped-clamped beam resonant gate co-fabricated with a large W/L-ratio FET transducer using a standard CMOS-MEMS process to combine merits from the large electrostatic transduction areas of the resonator and the high gain of the FET. In addition, a commercially buffer was used to alleviate the impedance mismatch between the device and test facility to further preserve the FET gain. The transmission signal of the proposed RGFET can reach insertion loss of only 8 dB without any amplifier circuitry. Such a strong transmission and sharp phase transition across 0° pave a way for future RGFET-type oscillators in RF and sensor applications.
The Exploratory Study on SMEs' R&BD Knowledge Information Needs and Supporting Programs

This study aims at how to promote Research and Business Development(R&BD) of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Compared to large enterprises, SMEs face more challenges in performing R&BD, and such difficulties vary depending on the stage of business development and the type of business. For this reason, Association of Science and Technology Information (ASTI) is taking the lead in conducting information needs surveys on SMEs’ R&BD knowledge information.
Physical Activity, Sensation Seeking, and Aggression as Injury Risk Factors in Young Swiss Men: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND This study investigates the relationships between physical activity (PA), sports participation and sensation seeking or aggression and injury risk in young men. METHODS A representative cohort study was conducted with 4686 conscripts for the Swiss army. Risk factors assessed at baseline were PA, the frequency of sports participation, sensation seeking, and aggression. The number of injuries during the past 12 months was reported 16 months after baseline. Exposure to moderate-tovigorous physical activity (MVPA) was estimated based on baseline PA. RESULTS Among conscripts, 48.5% reported at least 1 injury for the past 12 months. After accounting for exposure to MVPA, the most inactive individuals (reference group) had the highest injury risk and those with high levels of PA and weekly sports participation the lowest (Poisson regression analysis: incidence rate ratio = 0.14 [0.12-0.16]). Independent of activity level, sensation seeking increased cumulative injury incidence significantly (Logistic regression analysis [injured vs. not injured]: odds ratio = 1.29 [1.02-1.63]) and incidence rates marginally. Aggression was marginally associated only with cumulative injury incidence and only in those participating in daily sports. CONCLUSIONS When accounting for exposure to PA, being inactive is a strong injury risk factor in young men, whereas the roles of the personality variables are less clear.
The “Maintenance” of Family: Mediating Relationships in the South African Maintenance Court

This article considers the strategies that women who live within a demographic reality of widespread unemployment, infrequent marriage, and absent fathers deploy to achieve economic stability, affective commitment for themselves and their children, and sexual intimacy—in their terms, a family. Within their toolkit, women whose former partners are employed can use the Maintenance Court to sue these fathers for assistance in supporting their children. My ethnographic data reveal that these women make complex calculations about whether and how to utilize the court that situate maintenance payments within larger economies of intimacy involving exchanges of money, affection, labor, and sex. In these economies, success in the court—maintenance payments—can create a sexual debt that complicates women’s relationships with the father and new lovers.
Exploration des mécanismes impliqués dans la bioprotection d'Agaricus bisporus par les biofilms de Bacillus subtilis QST713

Les pertes alimentaires mondiales se chiffrent a environ un tiers des aliments destines a la consommation humaine, soit environ 1,3 milliards de tonnes par an (FAO). Une large fraction de ces pertes est due aux alterations microbiologiques des denrees alimentaires. L’utilisation de produits phytosanitaires reste aujourd’hui la solution la plus largement utilisee en agriculture pour limiter ces pertes. Cependant, avec le plan EcoPhyto 2, le gouvernement francais a pour objectif de reduire de 50% l’usage des pesticides chimiques d’ici 2025, en particulier en promouvant l’emergence du biocontrole. Pour developper cette approche, il est cependant necessaire de comprendre, pour mieux les maitriser, les mecanismes sous-jacents. Les differents modes d’action de biocontrole par les microorganismes decrits sont la stimulation des defenses naturelles des plantes, la production de substances antimicrobienne et la competition nutritionnelle. L'originalite de ce projet est d'integrer le mode de vie en biofilm dans les mecanismes de bioprotection (competition spatiale et nutritionnelle, liberation de principes antimicrobiens). Dans la filiere Francaise des champignons de couche (Agaricus bisporus), l’agent de biocontrole utilise depuis 2008 par plus de 80 % de la filiere, est Bacillus subtilis QST713. Ce biofongicide montre une nette efficacite contre Trichoderma aggressivum, la principale moisissure a l’origine de pertes economiques lors de la culture d’A. bisporus. Afin d’accompagner la filiere dans cette voie biologique, nous avons entrepris de sequencer et etudier le genome de cette souche, afin de determiner son potentiel de biocontrole et sa capacite a former des biofilms. Nous avons egalement evalue l’impact de ce biofongicide sur la dynamique des communautes microbiennes du compost de culture d’A. bisporus expose ou non a T. aggressivum. Enfin, l'etude de la reprogrammation cellulaire de cet agent de biocontrole lors de sa culture en micromodeles axeniques, nous a permis une meilleure comprehension des phenomenes de colonisation des substrats et d'inhibition des flores indesirables. Ce projet a permis d’enrichir les connaissances vis-a-vis des mecanismes de biocontrole dans la filiere des champignons et pourra permettre une possible application a d’autres filieres agricoles.
Migration, Employment, and Race in the Deep South

The study of internal migration in the United States has a long and respectable tradition. However, much of the recent work in this field has proceeded with little concern for the social problems related to migration. The general practice has been to explain flows of migrants by differences in economic opportunity between cities, regions, and other economic areas. ' Thus, population redistribution has been viewed as a "natural" result of the free market, leading in the long run to an efficient distribution of economic activity. Such propositions fail to recognize important mechanisms that modify the geographic distribution of opportunities for various subgroups in the population. More particularly, an explicit acknowledgement of race in the analysis of migration intro-
VAGAL REGULATION OF INTRACARDIAC SHUNTING IN THE TURTLE PSEUDEMYS SCRIPTA

Two principal hypotheses account for intracardiac shunting in reptiles. The 'pressure shunting' hypothesis proposes that there is no fuctional separation between the ventricular cava during systole. The 'washout shunting' hypothesis suggests that the cavum pulmonale is functionally separated from the rest of the ventricle during systole. The purpose of this study was to test the two principal hypotheses in a turtle, Pseudemys scripta, after inducing a right-to-left shunt by electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve. Animals were anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (30­40 mg kg-1), tracheotomized and mechanically ventilated. Two experimental groups were used. Both groups had the right and left cervical vagi exposed and sectioned and silver bipolar electrodes were attached for electrical stimulation. In addition, cardiac function was evaluated by determining the pulmonary blood flow, pulmonary arterial pressure, peak systolic pressure in the cavum pulmonale, central arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance and heart rate. In group I, hydrogen electrodes were inserted into the right aorta, the left aorta and the pulmonary artery. Hydrogen, dissolved in saline, was infused into the left atrium, jugular vein and cavum pulmonale. Blood flow from these sites was deduced from detection of a H2 signal in the right and left aortae and the pulmonary artery. In group II, catheters were inserted in the left and right atria and aortae for the measurement of blood gases. For both groups, the protocol consisted of control periods and periods of electrical stimulation of the efferent and afferent ends of the vagus nerve. During the control periods, infusion of a H2 solution into either the left atrium or the jugular vein resulted in the detection of H2 in the right and left aortae and the pulmonary artery. This suggested that both right-to-left and left-to-right intracardiac shunts were present. H2 infused into the cavum pulmonale was always detected in the pulmonary artery but never in the left or right aortae. During stimulation of the right vagal efferents, a bradycardia developed (heart rate declined by 65 %), pulmonary blood flow was reduced by 73 % and pulmonary vascular resistance increased by 158 %. This was accompanied by a reduction in the PO2 of both the right and left aortae, although the PO2 of the left and right atria remained constant. Under these conditions, H2 infused into the jugular vein and the left atrium was detected in the right and left aortae and the pulmonary artery of all animals studied. Infusion of H2 into the cavum pulmonale was detected in the right and left aortae in only two animals. The results supported the washout mechanism for right-to-left intracardiac shunting.