Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In situ deformation of micas : A high-voltage electron-microscope study

Muscovite (2M,) and biotite (lM)were sheared in situ at room temperature in a 1500kV transmission electron microscope. The resultant activation of dislocations represents the first success of such an experiment in a rock-forming mineral. Only basal slip was activated in either mica, but the dislocations could be distinguished on micromechanical grounds that may be related to a macroscopic difference in ductility. Invariably, dislocations in the muscovite specimens activated with greater difrculty, despite the greater abundance of precipitates in the biotite specimens. Muscovite basal dislocations were long and roughly linear, oriented along [100] or I l0]. They activated in short steps that advanced parallel to the dislocation line, a manner typical ofscrew dislocations. In contrast, biotite basal dislocations were curvilinear and advanced perpendicular to the dislocation line in bowed segments, characteristic of edge dislocations. The division of dislocation lines, often separated by areas of either reversed contrast or moir6 fringes, was interpreted as dislocation dissociation. Dissociation appeared to facilitate obstacle circumvention in biotite. The proposed explanation for the micromechanical differences is based on the distribution of Peierls potential energy in the basal glide plane and other energy-minimization arguments. The agreement between the proposed model and observation suggests that the micromechanical difference is structurally determined by the octahedral layer. The proposed Peierls stress control of dislocation activity could be evaluated from natural evidence, based on an expected inverse relationship between the magnitude of the micromechanical differences and temoerature.
Strategy-Proof and Efficient Kidney Exchange Using a Credit Mechanism

We present a credit-based matching mechanism for dynamic barter markets — and kidney exchange in particular — that is both strategy proof and efficient, that is, it guarantees truthful disclosure of donor-patient pairs from the transplant centers and results in the maximum global matching. Furthermore, the mechanism is individually rational in the sense that, in the long run, it guarantees each transplant center more matches than the center could have achieved alone. The mechanism does not require assumptions about the underlying distribution of compatibility graphs — a nuance that has previously produced conflicting results in other aspects of theoretical kidney exchange. Our results apply not only to matching via 2-cycles: the matchings can also include cycles of any length and altruist-initiated chains, which is important at least in kidney exchanges. The mechanism can also be adjusted to guarantee immediate individual rationality at the expense of economic efficiency, while preserving strategy proofness via the credits. This circumvents a well-known impossibility result in static kidney exchange concerning the existence of an individually rational, strategy-proof, and maximal mechanism. We show empirically that the mechanism results in significant gains on data from a national kidney exchange that includes 59% of all US transplant centers.
Design of integrated magnetic springs for linear oscillatory actuators

Spring assisted oscillating actuators allow to reduce the energy consumption. The concept relies on springs that take and release energy into the system when required. Conventional mechanic springs impose some limitations on the system regarding mainly compactness, friction, material fatigue and failure. Magnetic springs show the potential to overcome these issues especially for long stroke high frequent operation. This paper investigates the integration of a magnetic spring into a linear oscillatory motor, without any changes to the permanent magnet arrangement on the mover. The focus lies on a compact design with maximum energy storage capacity. The proposed design guidelines are used as starting point for a finite-element based optimization. Moreover the investigation covers the expected losses and demonstrates that a correct choice of materials is crucial for an efficient operation. The results of the simulated spring characteristic as well as the losses are validated with measurements on a prototype of the linear oscillatory motor featuring the proposed integrated magnetic spring.
Geochemistry of silicate melt inclusions in middle and southern Okinawa Trough rocks: Implications for petrogenesis and variable subducted sediment component injection

Silicate melt inclusions (SMIs) in olivine, clinopyroxene, and orthopyroxene in basalt and trachyandesite of the middle Okinawa Trough (MOT) and in basaltic andesites of the southern Okinawa Trough (SOT) were investigated in detail to understand the evolution of magma and geochemical characteristics of the basaltic magma source. Both the SMIs and host bulk rocks are more heavily enriched with Pb and large ion lithophile elements than with high field strength elements and rare earth elements. The major element compositions of SMIs in the MOT trachyandesite show a scattered variation trend of medium‐K to shoshonitic series and suggest that a K‐rich magma source may exist in the Okinawa Trough. Two groups with distinct element distribution patterns observed in SMIs of the MOT trachyandesite may represent magmas with different evolutionary histories. Compared with fractional crystallization and partial melting processes, magma mixing may serve as a reasonable process for the production of trachyandesite in the MOT. Fractional crystallization has played an important role in basaltic magma evolution in the MOT and SOT. Simulations conducted using MELTS show that the fractional crystallization evolution trends observed correspond well to the presence of a magma chamber at 300 MPa with an H2O content level of 0.2 wt% in the MOT and to the presence of a magma chamber at 300 MPa with an H2O content level of 0.4 wt% in the SOT. Ratios of incompatible trace elements (e.g., Th/Ce, Th/Sm, Ba/Th, and Th/Nb); positive Pb anomalies; negative Nb, Ta, and Ti anomalies; and the existence of organic hydrocarbons (CnHm) in the SMIs can be attributed to the involvement of subducted sediment from the subducting slab. Modelling results suggest that more primitive magma represented by SMIs from the MOT has formed through the melting of less than 6% of a metasomatized depleted mantle with contributions of 1.2% sediment melt and 0.8% sediment fluid. In contrast, more primitive magma from the SOT formed through the melting of 4–10% of the depleted mantle with contributions of 3% sediment melt and 1% sediment fluid. The different features of the SMIs together with different tectonic settings of the MOT and SOT have formed in response to the westward subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate.
Periodontal diseases and health: Consensus Report of the Sixth European Workshop on Periodontology.

INTRODUCTION The remit of this group was to update the knowledge base on periodontal diseases and health. MATERIAL AND METHODS The literature was systematically searched and critically reviewed in five specific topics. RESULTS Prevalence of periodontitis: The data suggest a trend towards a lower prevalence of periodontitis in recent years. Adverse pregnancy outcome: The findings indicate a likely association between periodontal disease and an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. There is no evidence that treating periodontal disease decreases the rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Prevalence and distribution of periodontal pathogens: Genetic analysis of bacteria has demonstrated an unanticipated diversity within species. Carriage rates and particular subsets of these species vary between ethnic groups. Few of these differences can be related to differences in disease prevalence. Diabetes mellitus: Evidence on the association supports the concept of increased severity but not extent of periodontitis in subjects with poorly controlled diabetes. It is inconclusive that periodontal treatment results in improved metabolic control. Cardiovascular diseases: Evidence suggests that having periodontitis contributes to the total infectious and inflammation burden and may contribute to cardiovascular events and stroke in susceptible subjects. The impact of periodontal therapy must be further investigated.
Support for designing waste sorting systems: A mini review

This article presents a mini review of research aimed at understanding material recovery from municipal solid waste. It focuses on two areas, waste sorting behaviour and collection systems, so that research on the link between these areas could be identified and evaluated. The main results presented and the methods used in the articles are categorised and appraised. The mini review reveals that most of the work that offered design guidelines for waste management systems was based on optimising technical aspects only. In contrast, most of the work that focused on user involvement did not consider developing the technical aspects of the system, but was limited to studies of user behaviour. The only clear consensus among the articles that link user involvement with the technical system is that convenient waste collection infrastructure is crucial for supporting source separation. This mini review reveals that even though the connection between sorting behaviour and technical infrastructure has been explored and described in some articles, there is still a gap when using this knowledge to design waste sorting systems. Future research in this field would benefit from being multidisciplinary and from using complementary methods, so that holistic solutions for material recirculation can be identified. It would be beneficial to actively involve users when developing sorting infrastructures, to be sure to provide a waste management system that will be properly used by them.
Late Pleistocene glaciation in the Mosquito Range, Colorado, USA: chronology and climate

New cosmogenic 10Be surface exposure ages from 17 moraine boulders in the Mosquito Range of Colorado suggest that glaciers were at their late Pleistocene (Pinedale) maximum extent at ∼21–20 ka, and that ice recession commenced before ∼17 ka. These age limits suggest that the Pinedale Glaciation was synchronous within the Colorado Rocky Mountain region. Locally, the previous (Bull Lake) glaciation appears to have occurred no later than 117 ka, possibly ∼130 ka allowing for reasonable rock weathering rates. Temperature‐index modeling is used to determine the magnitude of temperature depression required to maintain steady‐state mass balances of seven reconstructed glaciers at their maximum extent. Assuming no significant differences in precipitation compared to modern values, mean annual temperatures were ∼8.1 and 7.5 °C lower, respectively, on the eastern and western slopes of the range with quantifiable uncertainties of + 0.8/−0.9 °C. If an average temperature depression of 7.8 °C is assumed for the entire range, precipitation differences − that today are 15–30% greater on the eastern slope due to the influence of winter/early spring snowfall − might have been enhanced. The temperature depressions inferred here are consistent with similarly derived values elsewhere in the Colorado Rockies and those inferred from regional‐scale climate modeling.
Inter — Transactional pattern discovery applying comparative apriori and modified reverse apriori approach

In this paper, a pattern trend-based data mining approach has been proposed which convert the numeric stock data to symbolic notations, carries out association analysis through comparative study of apriori and proposed modified reverse apriori concepts and further applies the mined rules in predicting the movement of prices. Application of modified reverse apriori has shown drastic reduction in the number of scans. The apriori covers 105scans in performing the evaluation whereas the applied modified reverse apriori covers the same in just 28 scans which is a surprising result. The initial formulation is based on inter-stock mining. The execution time is also evaluated and observed that modified reverse apriori takes less execution time as compared to apriori. There is a roughly 5221 milliseconds (approx) of difference between the both. A comparative study is shown along with the discovery of important pattern trends which shows the investing benefits for the clients in the stock market. This provides a very significant way of evaluating the position of the stocks i.e the highest selling and lowest selling stocks on a day basis. The result shows a huge difference in the number of scans which is the main motive of this study.
GridRT: A Massively Parallel Architecture for Ray-Tracing Using Uniform Grids

In this paper, we propose an architecture, which we call GridRT, capable of dealing with the main features, such as shadowsandreflectionseffects, of Ray Tracingused forrendering three-dimensional scenes. This architecture achieves an efficient overall performance yet using a simple and compact massively parallel design. The design exploits the usage of Xilinx R ! Floating Point Operator IP Core and the spatial data structure of Regular Grids.
Motion deblurring based on fusing differently exposed images

We present an approach to motion deblurring based on exploiting the information available in two differently exposed images of the same scene. Besides the normal-exposed image of the scene, we assume that a short exposed image is also available. Due to their different exposures the two images are degraded differently: the short exposed image is affected by noise, whereas the normal-exposed image could be affected by motion blur. The method presented in this paper estimates the motion blur point spread function (PSF) that models the degradation of the normal-exposed image, following to recover the image of the scene by deconvolution. The main processing steps detailed in the paper are: image registration and motion blur PSF estimation. Image registration operation includes a preprocessing step meant to cancel the differences between the two images due to their different exposures. Next, the registration parameters are estimated by matching the preprocessed images based on an image based registration approach. Motion blur PSF estimation is carried out by exploiting the difference between the degradation models of the two images, as well as certain prior assumptions about a typical motion blur PSF. Experiments and comparisons are presented in order to validate the proposed method.
A hybrid radix-4/radix-8 low power, high speed multiplier architecture for wide bit widths

A hybrid radix-4/radix-8 architecture targeted for high bit multipliers is presented as a compromise between the high speed of a radix-4 multiplier architecture and the low power dissipation of a radix-8 multiplier architecture. In this hybrid radix-4/radix-8 multiplier architecture, the performance bottleneck of a radix-8 multiplier, the generation of three times the multiplicand for use in generating the radix-8 partial product, is performed in parallel with the reduction of the radix-4 partial products rather than serially, as in a radix-8 multiplier. This hybrid radix-4/radix-8 multiplier architecture requires 13% less power for a 64/spl times/64 bit multiplier, and results in only a 9% increase in delay, as compared with a radix-4 implementation. When supply voltage is scaled such that all multipliers exhibit the same delay, the 64/spl times/64 bit hybrid radix-4/radix-8 multiplier dissipates less power than either the radix-4 or radix-8 multipliers. The hybrid radix-4/radix-8 architecture is therefore appropriate for those applications that must dissipate minimal power and operate at high speeds.
Phase I trial of the antivascular agent combretastatin A4 phosphate on a 5-day schedule to patients with cancer: magnetic resonance imaging evidence for altered tumor blood flow.

PURPOSE Combretastatin A4 (CA4) phosphate (CA4P) inhibits microtubule polymerization and is toxic to proliferating endothelial cells in vitro. It causes reversible vascular shutdown in established tumors in vivo, consistent with an antivascular mechanism of action. The present study investigated escalating doses of CA4P administered intravenously to patients with advanced cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with solid malignancies and good performance status received CA4P as a 10-minute infusion daily for 5 days repeated every 3 weeks. Pharmacokinetic sampling was performed during cycle 1. Patients receiving >/= 52 mg/m2/d had serial dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) studies to measure changes in tumor perfusion with CA4P treatment. RESULTS Thirty-seven patients received 133 treatment cycles. CA4P dose levels ranged from 6 mg/m2 to 75 mg/m2 daily. Severe pain at sites of known tumor was dose limiting at 75 mg/m2. Dose-limiting cardiopulmonary toxicity (syncope and dyspnea or hypoxia) was noted as well in two patients treated at 75 mg/m2. Other toxicities included hypotension, ataxia, dyspnea, nausea or vomiting, headache, and transient sensory neuropathy. Plasma CA4P and CA4 area under the concentration-time curve and maximal concentration values increased linearly with dose. Tumor perfusion, as measured by the first-order rate constant of gadolinium plasma to tissue transfer during DCE-MRI studies, was found to decrease in eight of 10 patients. Relationships were also demonstrated between perfusion changes and pharmacokinetic indices. A partial response was observed in a patient with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma, and 14 patients exhibited disease stability for a minimum of two cycles. CONCLUSION Doses of CA4P on a daily times five schedule of 52 to 65 mg/m2 were reasonably well-tolerated. The 52 mg/m2 dose is recommended for further study based on cumulative phase I experience with CA4P. Antitumor efficacy was observed, and the use of DCE-MRI provided a valuable noninvasive measure of the vascular effects of CA4P treatment.
Quantifying annual land-cover change and vegetation greenness variation in a coastal ecosystem using dense time-series Landsat data

Land-cover change may affect water and carbon cycles when transitioning from one land-cover category to another (land-cover conversion, LCC) or when the characteristics of the land-cover type are altered without changing its overall category (land-cover modification, LCM). Given the increasing availability of time-series remotely sensed data for earth monitoring, there has been increased recognition of the importance of accounting for both LCC and LCM to study annual land-cover changes. In this study, we integrated 1,513 time-series Landsat images and a change-updating method to identify annual LCC and LCM during 1986–2015 in the coastal area of Zhejiang Province, China. The purpose was to quantify their contributions to land-cover changes and impacts on the amount of vegetation. The results show that LCC and LCM can be successfully distinguished with an overall accuracy of 90.0%. LCM accounted for 22% and 40.5% of the detected land-cover changes in reclaimed and inland areas, respectively, during 1986–2015. In the reclaimed area, LCC occurred mostly in muddy tidal flats, construction land, aquaculture ponds, and freshwater herbaceous land, whereas LCM occurred mostly in freshwater herbaceous land, Spartina alterniflora, and muddy tidal flats. In the inland area, both LCC and LCM were concentrated in forest and dryland. Overall, LCC had a mean magnitude of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) change similar to that of LCM. However, LCC had a positive effect and LCM had a negative effect on NDVI change in the reclaimed area. Both LCC and LCM in the inland area had negative impacts on vegetation greenness, but LCC resulted in larger NDVI change magnitude. Impacts of LCC and LCM on vegetation greenness were quantified for each land-cover type. This study provided a methodological framework to take both LCC and LCM into account when analyzing land-cover changes and quantified their effects on coastal ecosystem vegetation.
Presynaptic [Ca2+] and GCAPs: aspects on the structure and function of photoreceptor ribbon synapses

Changes in intracellular calcium ions [Ca2+] play important roles in photoreceptor signaling. Consequently, intracellular [Ca2+] levels need to be tightly controlled. In the light-sensitive outer segments (OS) of photoreceptors, Ca2+ regulates the activity of retinal guanylate cyclases thus playing a central role in phototransduction and light-adaptation by restoring light-induced decreases in cGMP. In the synaptic terminals, changes of intracellular Ca2+ trigger various aspects of neurotransmission. Photoreceptors employ tonically active ribbon synapses that encode light-induced, graded changes of membrane potential into modulation of continuous synaptic vesicle exocytosis. The active zones of ribbon synapses contain large electron-dense structures, synaptic ribbons, that are associated with large numbers of synaptic vesicles. Synaptic coding at ribbon synapses differs from synaptic coding at conventional (phasic) synapses. Recent studies revealed new insights how synaptic ribbons are involved in this process. This review focuses on the regulation of [Ca2+] in presynaptic photoreceptor terminals and on the function of a particular Ca2+-regulated protein, the neuronal calcium sensor protein GCAP2 (guanylate cyclase-activating protein-2) in the photoreceptor ribbon synapse. GCAP2, an EF-hand-containing protein plays multiple roles in the OS and in the photoreceptor synapse. In the OS, GCAP2 works as a Ca2+-sensor within a Ca2+-regulated feedback loop that adjusts cGMP levels. In the photoreceptor synapse, GCAP2 binds to RIBEYE, a component of synaptic ribbons, and mediates Ca2+-dependent plasticity at that site. Possible mechanisms are discussed.
Artificial Intelligence and Successful Factors for Selecting Product Innovation Development

The firm's capability to develop product innovation and successfully launch new products has been regarded as crucial determinant in sustaining a firm's competitive advantage. Firms have been faced with a complicated problem in selecting innovation development project. From review of the related studies we found two groups of capability, firm's innovative capability and firm's new product development capability together with the external competitive environment factor are the factors influence the successful development of product innovation. We also review the predictive ability of Artificial intelligence, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Fuzzy Logic (FL), and Genetic Algorithms (GAs) and found that it is possible that they will provide a superior predictive system for use in selecting the product innovation development project.
Unconventional human computer interfaces

This course focuses on how we can use the potential of the human body in experimental or unconventional interface techniques. It explores the biological or physiological characteristics of the separate parts of the body, from head to toe, and from skin to heart, showing how their sensor (input) and control (output) capabilities can be applied to human computer interfaces. We demonstrate a wide variety of applications that make use proven interfaces as well as extremely experimental systems. Example systems vary from desktop--based to mixed and virtual reality, with applications from areas like art, entertainment, and science.Participants will learn to look beyond the restrictions bound to traditional multimedia systems by discovering and understanding how the human body can deliver great potential for new kinds of applications and systems. Theory on the human body and practical knowledge on (hardware) interfaces is balanced with a good portion of examples to provide a foundation for assessing and using experimental and unconventional interaction.