Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low Power and High Speed 13T SRAM Cell with Bit-Interleaving Capability

In this paper a low power single ended 13T SRAM cell has been proposed for bit inter-leaving application. A column aware scheme is used in the cell to achieve stable SRAM cell with better performance than the existing designs. The proposed SRAM cell exhibit robust read operation and better read performance with lower power consumption. This proposed 13T SRAM has been compared with standard 6T SRAM and existing 9T SRAM (with bit-interleaving capability) in term of Power consumption, Delay and Power Delay Product (PDP) at various supply voltages as 1.8V, 1.6V and 1.4V. The simulations are carried out on Cadence Virtuoso at 180nm CMOS technology and the simulation results are analyzed to verify the superiority of the proposed design over the existing designs. The proposed 13T SRAM proves to be better in terms of power and PDP at all the supply voltages. At 1.8V power saving by the proposed circuit is 72.46% compared to standard 6T SRAM cell and significant improvement is observed at other supply voltages also.
Achievement of guideline-defined treatment goals in primary care: the German Coronary Risk Management (CoRiMa) study.

AIMS The success in achieving treatment goals for cardiovascular risk factors in primary care is largely unknown. Therefore, the goals of this study were (i) to assess whether routinely collected practice data can be used to evaluate treatment in primary care, (ii) to compare current treatment with goals of published guidelines, and (iii) to calculate future risk for cardiovascular events using these real-life data. METHODS AND RESULTS In 110 physician offices in Germany, data from the patient management systems of all patients seen between January 1998 and June 2005 were extracted and analysed (715 644) with current guidelines used for reference. Of those patents, 284 096 (40% of all patients analysed) had one of the following diseases: 157 101 (55% of 284 096) had hypertension, 83 005 (29%) diabetes, 64 205 (23%) coronary artery disease (CAD), 174 787 (62%) hyperlipidaemia, and 136 360 (48%) had more than one of the listed diagnoses. During the last visit, treatment goals were achieved for total and LDL cholesterol in 9 and 29%, respectively, for blood pressure in 28%, and for HbA1c in 36%. Low achievement of treatment goals was also seen in patients with CAD or diabetes. Using the Framingham risk model and the SCORE Deutschland risk charts, 20 and 22% of patients had a high 10-year risk for a primary cardiovascular event and a fatal cardiovascular event, respectively. Achieving treatment goals for all risk factors would significantly reduce the number of high-risk patients. CONCLUSION (i) Routinely collected practice data can be used to evaluate quality of care; (ii) 40% of patients in primary care have cardiovascular disease or diabetes; (iii) even in high-risk patients, the majority does not achieve treatment goals; and (iv) achieving the treatment goals would reduce the proportion of high-risk patients from 20 to <5%.
Parametric analysis of ply properties on composite cylinder design for spacecrafts

This paper presents the parametric analysis of ply properties on composite cylinder design for satellites. The composite cylinder is modelled as a sandwich construction type with honeycomb as a core and a multi-layer laminate composed of CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics) plies as a skin. A design algorithm is developed with the help of C programs interfaced with IDEAS EDS for finite element analysis. During simulation, the different subsystems and panels are idealised as a mass load applied at their centre of gravities. Different parameters such as aspect ratio, ply orientation and number of plies have been analysed for arriving optimum design satisfying the static and frequency constraints. This approach is well implemented in the design and development of composite cylinder for different satellites and their validation with tests are under development.
ADHD, Conduct Disorder, Substance Use Disorder, and Nonprescription Stimulant Use

Objective: To assess whether the relationship of an ADHD diagnosis by adolescence to nonprescription stimulant use in adulthood is direct or indirect, via Conduct Disorder (CD) and/or Substance Use Disorder (SUD). Method: Data were obtained from multiple waves of interviews and questionnaires completed by 551 community-based participants when they were between the mean ages of 14.1 and 36.6 years. Results: The results of the structural equation model (SEM) supported both a direct association between early ADHD and later nonprescription stimulant use (B = .18, z = 2.74) and the relationship from ADHD to later nonprescription stimulant use (B = .01, z = 1.72) via CD and SUD. Conclusion: The longitudinal data supporting these paths suggest that efforts to prevent and treat the misuse of nonprescription stimulants may be more effective if attention is paid to those with a history of ADHD, as well as to those who also had CD and SUD.
Neuropsychology of fear and loathing

For over 60 years, ideas about emotion in neuroscience and psychology have been dominated by a debate on whether emotion can be encompassed within a single, unifying model. In neuroscience, this approach is epitomized by the limbic system theory and, in psychology, by dimensional models of emotion. Comparative research has gradually eroded the limbic model, and some scientists have proposed that certain individual emotions are represented separately in the brain. Evidence from humans consistent with this approach has recently been obtained by studies indicating that signals of fear and disgust are processed by distinct neural substrates. We review this research and its implications for theories of emotion.
Non-parent of Origin Expression of Numerous Effector Genes Indicates a Role of Gene Regulation in Host Adaption of the Hybrid Triticale Powdery Mildew Pathogen

Powdery mildew is an important disease of cereals. It is caused by one species, Blumeria graminis, which is divided into formae speciales each of which is highly specialized to one host. Recently, a new form capable of growing on triticale (B.g. triticale) has emerged through hybridization between wheat and rye mildews (B.g. tritici and B.g. secalis, respectively). In this work, we used RNA sequencing to study the molecular basis of host adaptation in B.g. triticale. We analyzed gene expression in three B.g. tritici isolates, two B.g. secalis isolates and two B.g. triticale isolates and identified a core set of putative effector genes that are highly expressed in all formae speciales. We also found that the genes differentially expressed between isolates of the same form as well as between different formae speciales were enriched in putative effectors. Their coding genes belong to several families including some which contain known members of mildew avirulence (Avr) and suppressor (Svr) genes. Based on these findings we propose that effectors play an important role in host adaptation that is mechanistically based on Avr-Resistance gene-Svr interactions. We also found that gene expression in the B.g. triticale hybrid is mostly conserved with the parent-of-origin, but some genes inherited from B.g. tritici showed a B.g. secalis-like expression. Finally, we identified 11 unambiguous cases of putative effector genes with hybrid-specific, non-parent of origin gene expression, and we propose that they are possible determinants of host specialization in triticale mildew. These data suggest that altered expression of multiple effector genes, in particular Avr and Svr related factors, might play a role in mildew host adaptation based on hybridization.
Telecom optical componentry: past, present, future

We review and contrast key technologies developed to address the optical components market for telecom applications. We first look at different material systems, compare their properties, and describe the functions achieved to date in each of them. The material systems reviewed include silica fiber, silica on silicon, silicon on insulator, silicon oxynitride, sol-gels, polymers, thin film dielectrics, lithium niobate, indium phosphide, gallium arsenide, magneto-optic materials, and birefringent crystals. We then look at the most commonly used classes of technology and present their pros & cons as well as the functions achieved to date in each. The technologies reviewed include passive, actuation, and active technologies. The passive technologies described include fused fibers, dispersion-compensating fiber, beam steering (e.g., AWG), Bragg gratings, diffraction gratings, holographic elements, thin film filters, photonic crystals, microrings, and birefringent elements. The actuation technologies include thermo-optics, electro-optics, acousto-optics, magneto-optics, liquid crystals, total internal reflection technologies (e.g., bubble technology), and mechanical actuation (e.g., moving fibers, MEMS). We finally describe active technologies including heterostructures, quantum wells, rare earth doping, Raman amplification, and semiconductor amplification. We also investigate the use of different material systems and technologies to achieve building block functions including lasers, amplifiers, detectors, modulators, polarization controllers, couplers, filters, switches, attenuators, non-reciprocal elements for isolators and circulators, wavelength converters, chromatic dispersion compensators, and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensators. Some of the technologies presented are established in the industry, others have recently been proven to be commercially viable, and some others are still under development in laboratories.
Characterization of Focal Liver Lesions Indistinctive on B Mode Ultrasound: Benefits of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound

Aim. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the additional value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in identifying and characterizing of focal liver lesions (FLLs) that are indistinctive on B mode ultrasound (BMUS). Methods. The study focused on 70 consecutive patients (male 46, female 24; mean age, 53.1 years ± 10). All lesions were detected by MRI but could not be clearly visualized by BMUS. CEUS was performed by injected SonoVue® (Bracco Imaging Spa, Milan, Italy) as a quick bolus into the antecubital vein. All lesions were proved by pathologic and MRI findings as primary or metastatic hepatic malignancies. Results. On CEUS, 45 (64.2%) FLLs displayed arterial hyperenhancement and 55 (78.5%) lesions showed hypoenhancement in portal venous and late phase (PVLP). Homogeneous and complete hyperenhancement pattern during the arterial phase is highly suspicious for HCC in liver cirrhosis (96.8%). Arterial isoenhancement and early washout during PVLP are characteristic for metastasis (73.3%). For recurrence lesions, arterial hyperenhancement and isoenhancement during PVLP are more common (60%). Conclusion. CEUS may provide added diagnostic values in FLLs appearing indistinctive on BMUS. Presence of early arterial enhancement and washout during PVLP may be helpful for detection of those lesions.
Pioglitazone Use and Risk of Bladder Cancer and Other Common Cancers in Persons With Diabetes.

IMPORTANCE Studies suggest pioglitazone use may increase risk of cancers. OBJECTIVE To examine whether pioglitazone use for diabetes is associated with risk of bladder and 10 additional cancers. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cohort and nested case-control analyses among persons with diabetes. A bladder cancer cohort followed 193,099 persons aged 40 years or older in 1997-2002 until December 2012; 464 case patients and 464 matched controls were surveyed about additional confounders. A cohort analysis of 10 additional cancers included 236,507 persons aged 40 years or older in 1997-2005 and followed until June 2012. Cohorts were from Kaiser Permanente Northern California. EXPOSURES Ever use, duration, cumulative dose, and time since initiation of pioglitazone as time dependent. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incident cancer, including bladder, prostate, female breast, lung/bronchus, endometrial, colon, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, pancreas, kidney/renal pelvis, rectum, and melanoma. RESULTS Among 193,099 persons in the bladder cancer cohort, 34,181 (18%) received pioglitazone (median duration, 2.8 years; range, 0.2-13.2 years) and 1261 had incident bladder cancer. Crude incidences of bladder cancer in pioglitazone users and nonusers were 89.8 and 75.9 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. Ever use of pioglitazone was not associated with bladder cancer risk (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.06; 95% CI, 0.89-1.26). Results were similar in case-control analyses (pioglitazone use: 19.6% among case patients and 17.5% among controls; adjusted odds ratio, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.78-1.80). In adjusted analyses, there was no association with 8 of the 10 additional cancers; ever use of pioglitazone was associated with increased risk of prostate cancer (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.02-1.26) and pancreatic cancer (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.16-1.71). Crude incidences of prostate and pancreatic cancer in pioglitazone users vs nonusers were 453.3 vs 449.3 and 81.1 vs 48.4 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. No clear patterns of risk for any cancer were observed for time since initiation, duration, or dose. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Pioglitazone use was not associated with a statistically significant increased risk of bladder cancer, although an increased risk, as previously observed, could not be excluded. The increased prostate and pancreatic cancer risks associated with ever use of pioglitazone merit further investigation to assess whether they are causal or are due to chance, residual confounding, or reverse causality.
SleepSense: A Noncontact and Cost-Effective Sleep Monitoring System

Quality of sleep is an important indicator of health and well being. Recent developments in the field of in-home sleep monitoring have the potential to enhance a person’s sleeping experience and contribute to an overall sense of well being. Existing in-home sleep monitoring devices either fail to provide adequate sleep information or are obtrusive to use. To overcome these obstacles, a noncontact and cost-effective sleep monitoring system, named SleepSense, is proposed for continuous recognition of the sleep status, including on-bed movement, bed exit, and breathing section. SleepSense consists of three parts: a Doppler radar-based sensor, a robust automated radar demodulation module, and a sleep status recognition framework. Herein, several time-domain and frequency-domain features are extracted for the sleep recognition framework. A prototype of SleepSense is presented and evaluated using two sets of experiments. In the short-term controlled experiment, the SleepSense achieves an overall 95.1% accuracy rate in identifying various sleep status. In the 75-minute sleep study, SleepSense demonstrates wide usability in real life. The error rate for breathing rate extraction in this study is only 6.65%. These experimental results indicate that SleepSense is an effective and promising solution for in-home sleep monitoring.
Viral internal ribosomal entry sites: four classes for one goal

To ensure efficient propagation, viruses need to rapidly produce viral proteins after cell entrance. Since viral genomes do not encode any components of the protein biosynthesis machinery, viral proteins must be produced by the host cell. To hi‐jack the host cellular translation, viruses use a great variety of distinct strategies. Many single‐stranded positive‐sensed RNA viruses contain so‐called internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs). IRESs are structural RNA motifs that have evolved to specific folds that recruit the host ribosomes on the viral coding sequences in order to synthesize viral proteins. In host canonical translation, recruitment of the translation machinery components is essentially guided by the 5′ cap (m7G) of mRNA. In contrast, IRESs are able to promote efficient ribosome assembly internally and in cap‐independent manner. IRESs have been categorized into four classes, based on their length, nucleotide sequence, secondary and tertiary structures, as well as their mode of action. Classes I and II require the assistance of cellular auxiliary factors, the eukaryotic intiation factors (eIF), for efficient ribosome assembly. Class III IRESs require only a subset of eIFs whereas Class IV, which are the more compact, can promote translation without any eIFs. Extensive functional and structural investigations of IRESs over the past decades have allowed a better understanding of their mode of action for viral translation. Because viral translation has a pivotal role in the infectious program, IRESs are therefore attractive targets for therapeutic purposes. WIREs RNA 2018, 9:e1458. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1458
Ways of encoding somatic information and their effects on retrospective symptom reporting

OBJECTIVES Retrospective symptom reports tend to overestimate actual symptom intensity. This study explored how focusing on sensory-perceptual or on affective-motivational aspects of a somatic experience influenced retrospective symptom reports in high and low habitual symptom reporters (HSR). We hypothesized that a focus on affective-motivational aspects of somatic episodes contributes to retrospective overestimation compared to a focus on sensory-perceptual aspects. DESIGN Dyspnoea (rebreathing) and pain (cold pain) were induced during two experimental sessions in healthy women: 21 high and 24 low HSR, selected using cut-off scores on a symptom checklist. Within-subject manipulation of sensory and affective processing focus (PF) took place at the encoding phase before symptom induction. METHODS Dyspnoea and pain ratings were collected immediately after the symptom inductions and after 2 weeks. Breathing behaviour was recorded during dyspnoea trials, while affective state and symptom measures were collected after each trial. RESULTS Compared to pain, dyspnoea induction was perceived as more unpleasant, arousing, and threatening (ps < .001). Affective PF led to higher arousal (p < .01) and threat ratings (p = .01) than sensory PF. Affective PF also led to an increase in retrospective dyspnoea ratings over the course of 2 weeks (p = .039), which was not observed for pain, nor for dyspnoea after sensory PF. The effects of PF on symptom ratings were independent of the HSR levels. CONCLUSIONS The PF during symptom encoding may explain previously observed bias in retrospective symptom reporting. The results are relevant to understand the mechanisms underlying symptom overreporting. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Retrospective symptom ratings are often biased when compared to the momentary assessments. Attending to either sensory or affective aspects of the somatic experience is one of the factors affecting self-reported symptoms. What does this study add? Focusing on affective aspects elicited by the somatic experience led to an increase in retrospective symptom ratings over time. This is particularly so for more aversive somatic experiences. Directing the processing focus to sensory aspects during symptom encoding can attenuate bias in retrospective symptom reporting.
Complex-Valued Matrix Differentiation: Techniques and Key Results

A systematic theory is introduced for finding the derivatives of complex-valued matrix functions with respect to a complex-valued matrix variable and the complex conjugate of this variable. In the framework introduced, the differential of the complex-valued matrix function is used to identify the derivatives of this function. Matrix differentiation results are derived and summarized in tables which can be exploited in a wide range of signal processing related situations
Long-Term Corrosion Protection of a Cupro-Nickel Alloy Due to Graphene Coating

This study demonstrates the corrosion resistance of a Cu-Ni alloy coated with a multi-layer graphene. This is one of the first demonstrations of long-term corrosion resistance due to graphene coating, which is crucial since earlier studies have suggested graphene-coated copper to be considerably inferior to bare copper in terms of corrosion during long-term exposure to a corrosive environment. The inferior corrosion resistance of graphene-coated copper arises due to defects and poor surface coverage by graphene. Since it is prohibitively difficult to develop defect-free graphene on metals at a commercially feasible scale, this study investigated the hypothesis for an alternative approach, i.e., to develop multi-layer graphene with a reasonable assumption that the areas of defects/poor coverage of a layer will be masked by the subsequent over-layer(s). This study has validated this hypothesis. Electrochemical investigations have demonstrated multi-layer graphene to improve the corrosion resistance of a Cu-Ni alloy by an order of magnitude. However, the most striking finding of this study is that the improvement in corrosion resistance due to the multi-layer graphene coating sustained the entire duration of a long-term test (~350 h).
Length Sensing and Control in the Virgo Gravitational Wave Interferometer

The gravitational wave detector Virgo is presently being commissioned. A significant part of the last three years was spent in setting up the cavity length control system. This paper was carried out with steps of increasing complexity: locking a simple Fabry-Perot cavity and then a Michelson interferometer (ITF) with Fabry-Perot cavities in both arms, and finally recycling the light beam into the ITF. The applied strategy and the main results obtained are described
Gauge color codes: optimal transversal gates and gauge fixing in topological stabilizer codes

Color codes are topological stabilizer codes with unusual transversality properties. Here I show that their group of transversal gates is optimal and only depends on the spatial dimension, not the local geometry. I also introduce a generalized, subsystem version of color codes. In 3D they allow the transversal implementation of a universal set of gates by gauge fixing, while error-dectecting measurements involve only four or six qubits.
Creep behavior of nylon‐6 thermoplastic composites

A systematic investigation of the creep behavior of nylon-6 thermoplastic composites reinforced with continuous carbon fibers was conducted by a strain gauge method. The creep strains of carbon fiber/nylon-6 composites were measured at various stress conditions and temperatures. The relationship between the creep strain, strain rate, creep compliance and stress condition, time, and temperature were established. The experimental creep strain data were shifted to a reference temperature to form a master curve by using the time-temperature superposition principle. The master curve can be used to predict the creep behavior of the carbon fiber/nylon-6 composites over long times. The effect of fiber orientation on the creep behavior was also measured and reported.
Effectiveness of a variable sampling time strategy for delay fault diagnosis

Delay fault testing has been an active research topic in the last ten years. Recently proposed methods try to move the sampling time of the circuit outputs during testing to produce better fault coverages than that obtained by using a fixed observation time method. In the same way, the authors propose to use such a testing scheme to improve delay fault diagnosis when compared to methods based on fixed output sampling times. The timing analysis which gives the output observation times applied during the test is first described in this paper. Next, the authors present the diagnosis method they implemented with the new testing scheme. Finally, results showing the effectiveness of a variable sampling time strategy for delay fault diagnosis are given. <<ETX>>