Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Farming and the Fate of Wild Nature

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Common Sense Search

Ambiguous web search queries often only return results that correspond to the most popular meaning. This is a product of the way that search engines rank page results. This makes it difficult to find information about less popular meanings. This project attempts to provide a solution to this problem by allowing users to search through semantic clusters formed from an original search query. These clusters show a semantic mapping of the search space that is unrelated to the relative popularity of the various meanings. It is also hoped that this type of system would be useful for general search as well as mapping out ambiguous search spaces. Introduction and Motivation A common problem encountered by web users performing searches is dealing with mediocre search results resulting from ambiguous search terms. When a user searches using ambiguous terms, it is difficult for search engines to produc e accurate results for all users. For example, when a user enters the search term “triangle” it is impossible to know whether the user is referring to a generic three-sided figure, a musical percussion instrumen t, or perhaps the Bermuda Triangle. If such a search is done, typically the most popular subject overwhelms the search results even though the other subjects are semantically jus t as related to the query. Most of the time this sort of behavior is acceptable, but it makes it more difficult for users to search for more obscure information. This is related to the effect that search engin es have on the popularity of pages: popular pages become more popular (since they are easier to find with search engines and, therefore, more people will link to them), obscure page s continue to be obscure (no one can find them to link to, so their page ranks remain low). It would be useful to have a mechanism by which search results could be clustered into separate subject groups and then the user could decide which subject he or she wanted to pursue. This clustering mechanism should not be based on subject frequency, but instead should rely on more meaningful semantic grouping. Copyright c © 2008, American Association for Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved. It is the goal of this project to leverage the power of OpenMind/CommonSense to provide useful semantic clustering. This repository of human knowledge may be able to produce usable clusters which will help disambiguate user queries.
Pigmented purpuric dermatosis or mycosis fungoides: A diagnostic dilemma

Pigmented purpuric dermatoses (PPD), a group of vascular disorders with variable clinical picture is reported in all races and age groups with a male predilection. There are reports of mycosis fungoides manifesting as pigmented purpura as well as progression of PPD to cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The diagnostic dilemma is compounded by PPD manifesting histological similarity to mycosis fungoides. Currently, it is believed that PPD with monoclonal T-cell population is more likely to progress to malignancy. We report a 31-year-old male patient who presented with the lichenoid clinical variant of PPD lesions that mimicked mycosis fungoides on histopathology. Gene rearrangement studies identified a polyclonal T-cell population. The patient responded to photochemotherapy, which is beneficial in both PPD and mycosis fungoides. Our case signifies the limitations of current diagnostic modalities in accurately distinguishing PPD from cutaneous lymphoma. Data on disease progression in similar cases may enable us to formulate better diagnostic definitions.
Studies on biological activities of melanin from marine animals. I. Purification of melanin from Ommastrephes bartrami Lesuel and its inhibitory activity on gastric juice secretion in rats.

Crude squid melanin obtained from ink bags of Ommastrephes bartrami LESUEL was found to exhibit a strong inhibitory effect on gastric secretion in rats. The crude melanin was separated into high molecular fraction SM I (mol. wt.>160000) and low molecular fraction SM II (average mol. wt. ca. 39000) by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-100 column, and Fr. SM II showed a stronger biological activity. Fr. SM II contained a melanoprotein composed of melanin pigment 90%, protein 5.8% and carbohydrate 0.8%, and significantly decreased gastric secretion at the dosage of 1 mg/kg, i.p. or i.v. Fr. SM II also prevented ulcer formation in pylorus-ligated rats and aspirin-induced ulcer.
Model for chronic overexpression of NGF challenges old paradigms: focus on "overexpression of NGF in mouse urothelium leads to neuronal hyperinnervation, pelvic sensitivity, and changes in urinary bladder function".

nerve growth factor (ngf) has been suggested to play a role in bladder pain by mediating inflammation ([12][1]) and functional changes in sensory and sympathetic neurons innervating the urinary bladder ([5][2]). Clinically, diseases such as interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS)
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) as modulators of both innate and adaptive immunity.

The structurally related neuropeptides VIP and PACAP are released within the lymphoid organs following antigenic stimulation, and modulate the function of inflammatory cells through specific receptors. In activated macrophages, VIP and PACAP inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory agents (cytokines, chemokines, and nitric oxide), and stimulate the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. These events are mediated through the VIP/PACAP effects on de novo expression or nuclear translocation of several transcription factors, i.e., NFkappaB, CREB, c-Jun, JunB, and IRF-1. The in vivo administration of VIP/PACAP results in a similar pattern of cytokine and chemokine modulation, which presumably mediates the protective effect of VIP/PACAP in septic shock. In addition, VIP/PACAP reduce the expression of the co-stimulatory molecules B7.1/B7.2, and the subsequent stimulatory activity of macrophages for T-helper cells. In T-cells expressing specific VIP/PACAP receptors, VIP and PACAP inhibit the expression of FasL through effects on NFkappaB, NFAT, and Egr2/3. The reduction of FasL expression has several biological consequences: inhibition of antigen-induced cell death in CD4 T-cells, inhibition of the FasL-mediated cytotoxicity of CD8 and CD4 effectors against direct and bystander targets, and promotion of long-term memory Th2 cells, through a positive effect on the survival of Th2, but not Th1, effectors. The various biological effects of VIP and PACAP are discussed within the range of a general anti-inflammatory model.
Molecular Study of a Hoxa2 Gain-of-Function in Chondrogenesis: A Model of Idiopathic Proportionate Short Stature

In a previous study using transgenic mice ectopically expressing Hoxa2 during chondrogenesis, we associated the animal phenotype to human idiopathic proportionate short stature. Our analysis showed that this overall size reduction was correlated with a negative influence of Hoxa2 at the first step of endochondral ossification. However, the molecular pathways leading to such phenotype are still unknown. Using protein immunodetection and histological techniques comparing transgenic mice to controls, we show here that the persistent expression of Hoxa2 in chondrogenic territories provokes a general down-regulation of the main factors controlling the differentiation cascade, such as Bapx1, Bmp7, Bmpr1a, Ihh, Msx1, Pax9, Sox6, Sox9 and Wnt5a. These data confirm the impairment of chondrogenic differentiation by Hoxa2 overexpression. They also show a selective effect of Hoxa2 on endochondral ossification processes since Gdf5 and Gdf10, and Bmp4 or PthrP were up-regulated and unmodified, respectively. Since Hoxa2 deregulation in mice induces a proportionate short stature phenotype mimicking human idiopathic conditions, our results give an insight into understanding proportionate short stature pathogenesis by highlighting molecular factors whose combined deregulation may be involved in such a disease.
Audio-visual sensor fusion with neural architectures

In this paper we present a new word recognition system for monosyllabic words consisting of two types of neural networks which allows in an easy way the investigation of three different fusion architectures for audio-visual signals. Furthermore, two different kinds of preprocessing are compared: Besides low level data, a linear discriminant analysis is used for the audio and visual signals to reduce the dimensionality. Our cross-validation experiments show a slight advantage for an intermediate fusion model compared with an early fusion model which uses jointly preprocessed audio and visual data.
122 GHz patch antenna designs by using BCB above SiGe BiCMOS wafer process for system-on-chip applications

Two half-wavelength 122 GHz patch antennas were designed and manufactured by using Benzocyclobutene (BCB) as a dielectric layer above the SiGe BiCMOS wafer. It enables the full integration of the millimeter-wave transceiver circuits and the antennas on a single chip to simplify the packaging procedure at millimeter-wave frequencies, thereby reducing the cost. The two patch antennas are fed by different feeding methods, i.e. microstrip transmission line direct feed and proximity-coupled feed. They exhibit similar performance and offer the flexibility of designing the interconnects (feed lines routing) between the circuits and the antennas within the very limited chip area. The measured gain is 3.4 dBi at 122.5 GHz (the center frequency of the ISM band of 122-123 GHz) for both designs with a simulated efficiency of about 50%.
Spatial Dynamic Structures and Mobility in Computation

Membrane computing is a well-established and successful research field which belongs to the more general area of molecular computing. Membrane computing aims at defining parallel and non-deterministic computing models, called membrane systems or P Systems, which abstract from the functioning and structure of the cell. A membrane system consists of a spatial structure, a hierarchy of membranes which do not intersect, with a distinguishable membrane called skin surrounding all of them. A membrane without any other membranes inside is elementary, while a non-elementary membrane is a composite membrane. The membranes define demarcations between regions; for each membrane there is a unique associated region. Since we have a one-to-one correspondence, we sometimes use membrane instead of region, and vice-versa. The space outside the skin membrane is called the environment. In this thesis we define and investigate variants of systems of mobile membranes as models for molecular computing and as modelling paradigms for biological systems. On one hand, we follow the standard approach of research in membrane computing: defining a notion of computation for systems of mobile membranes, and investigating the computational power of such computing devices. Specifically, we address issues concerning the power of operations for modifying the membrane structure of a system of mobile membranes by mobility: endocytosis (moving a membrane inside a neighbouring membrane) and endocytosis (moving a membrane outside the membrane where it is placed). On the other hand, we relate systems of mobile membranes to process algebra (mobile ambients, timed mobile ambients, pi-calculus, brane calculus) by providing some encodings and adding some concepts inspired from process algebra in the framework of mobile membrane computing.
Export Growth in India: Has FDI Played a Role

Export growth in India has been much faster than GDP growth over the past few decades. Several factors appear to have contributed to this phenomenon including foreign direct investment (FDI). However, despite increasing inflows of FDI especially in recent years there has not been any attempt to assess its contribution to India's export performance- one of the channels through which FDI influences growth. Using annual data for 1970-98 we investigate the determinants of export performance in India in a simultaneous equation framework. Results suggest that demand for Indian exports increases when its export prices fall in relation to world prices. Furthermore, the real appreciation of the rupee adversely effects India's exports. Export supply is positively related to the domestic relative price of exports and higher domestic demand reduces export supply. Foreign investment appears to have statistically no significant impact on export performance although the coefficient of FDI has a positive sign.
Evaluation of Three Swabbing Devices for Detection of Listeria monocytogenes on Different Types of Food Contact Surfaces

Listeria monocytogenes can adhere to different types of food contact surfaces within a food processing environment. Therefore, environmental sampling devices should be capable of detecting unacceptable contamination. In this study, a sponge-stick, foam spatula and an environmental swab were evaluated on their ability to detect low concentrations of L. monocytogenes on different types of food contact surfaces. A cocktail of four L. monocytogenes serotypes was inoculated with a concentration of 100 CFU/250 cm2 onto stainless steel (SS), high density polyethylene (HDPE) and rubber surfaces in a 250 cm2 area. Immediately after inoculation and after 1 h exposure, the surfaces were swabbed with the different swabbing devices. The results of the study show only minor differences in the ability of the swabbing devices to detect L. monocytogenes. All devices were capable to detect the contamination immediately after inoculation. However, when the surfaces were allowed to air-dry for 1 h, L. monocytogenes was undetected in 11.1% of the samples (n = 27) with the sponge stick, in 7.4% of the samples (n = 27) with the foam spatula and in 3.7% of the samples (n = 27) with the environmental swab, especially on SS surfaces. The detection ability of the different devices for L. monocytogenes can be concluded to be rather high on different types of food contact surfaces.
Algorithmic approaches to distributed adaptive transmit beamforming

We present three approaches for algorithmic improvements on distributed adaptive transmit beamforming in wireless sensor networks. These algorithms reduce the time to synchronise carrier signals among nodes compared to the global random search approaches commonly applied to this problem. For a local random search heuristic we provide an asymptotic bounds on the optimisation time. All approaches are also studied in mathematical simulations on greater networks sizes.
Echocardiographic predictors of progression from prehypertension to hypertension

Background: Prehypertension (PHT) was recently introduced by replacing former categories of high–normal and above-optimal blood pressure (BP). The rationale for redefining this new category was to emphasize the excess cardiovascular risk associated with BP in this range and to focus high risk for developing hypertension (HT). However, no clear definite markers to identify prehypertensive patients at high risk of progressing to HT have been established yet. Accordingly, we aimed to establish echocardiographic predictors of progression from PHT to HT. Methods and results: The study population consisted of 98 eligible prehypertensive patients. All patients underwent echocardiographic examination including coronary flow reserve (CFR) at baseline. Twenty-nine (30%) patients developed HT during the 3-year follow-up period. Creatinine level, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), mitral Em and Em/Am had a trend towards a significant crude odds ratio (OR) for the development of HT; however, only baseline SBP [OR = 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06–1.31; P = 0.002), having metabolic syndrome (OR = 3.75, 95% CI = 1.43–9.78; P = 0.007), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.86–0.98; P = 0.01), presence of microalbuminuria (OR = 3.53, 95% CI = 1.11–11.2; P = 0.03) and CFR (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.53–0.77; P = 0.02) were significant independent predictors of progression of PHT into HT. The best cutoff value of CFR to predict incident HT was 1.98 with 94% sensitivity and 79% specificity. Conclusion: This prospective study suggested that baseline SBP, having metabolic syndrome, HDL cholesterol level, presence of microalbuminuria and CFR reflecting coronary microvascular function, but not left ventricular diastolic function parameters, were significant independent markers to identify participants with PHT at high risk for incident HT.
Transmit diversity in 3G CDMA systems

Transmit diversity (TD) is one of the key contributing technologies to defining the ITU endorsed 3G systems W-CDMA and cdma2000. Spatial diversity is introduced into the signal by transmitting through multiple antennas. The antennas are spaced far enough apart that the signals emanating from them can be assumed to undergo independent fading. In addition to diversity gain, antenna gain can also be incorporated through channel state feedback. This leads to the categorization of TD methods into open loop and closed loop methods. Several methods of transmit diversity in the forward link have been either under consideration or adopted for the various 3G standards. This article describes the concept of transmit diversity and explains the features of selected TD techniques.
Theory of planned behavior dan readiness for change dalam memprediksi niat implementasi peraturan pemerintah nomor 71 tahun 2010

Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) telah digunakan dalam penelitian tentang keperilakuan untukÂ menunjukkan bahwa perilaku tidak sepenuhnya di bawah pengaruh dari individu. Penelitian iniÂ bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh (1) sikap terhadap perilaku, (2) norma subjektif, (3)Â kontrol perilaku persepsian, dan (4) kesiapan untuk berubah terhadap niat untukÂ mengimplementasikan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 71 Tahun 2010 tentang Standar Akuntasi Pemerintahan Berbasis Akrual. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif denganÂ menyebarkan kuesioner. Sampel penelitian ini adalah kepala dinas dan kepala bidang di DinasÂ Pendapatan Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Aset Daerah Kota dan Kabupaten seluruh SulawesiÂ Tengah. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa attitude toward behavior, subjective norms,Â dan readiness for change mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap niat, sementara ituÂ perceived behavioral control tidak mengindikasikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap niat. Kata kunci: Theory of planned behavior, readiness for change, niat.
Automated discovery of detectors and iteration-performing calculations to recognize patterns in protein sequences using genetic programming

This paper describes an automated process for the dynamic creation of a pattern-recognizing computer program consisting of initially unknown detectors, an initially-unknown iterative calculation incorporating the as-yet-uncreated detectors, and an initially-unspecified final calculation incorporating the results of the as-yet-uncreated iteration. The program's goal is to recognize a given protein segment as being a transmembrane domain or non-transmembrane area. The recognizing program to solve this problem will be evolved using the recently developed genetic programming paradigm. Genetic programming starts with a primordial ooze of randomly generated computer programs composed of available programmatic ingredients and then genetically breeds the population using the Darwinian principle of survival of the fittest and the genetic crossover (sexual recombination) operation. Automatic function definition enables genetic programming to dynamically create subroutines (detectors). When cross-validated, the best genetically-evolved recognizer achieves an out-of-sample correlation of 0.968 and an out-of-sample error rate of 1.6%. This error rate is better than that recently reported for five other methods. <<ETX>>
R ESPIRATORY S YNCYTIAL V IRUS AND P ARAINFLUENZA V IRUS

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), originally recovered from a colony of chimpanzees with coryza and designated chimpanzee coryza agent,1,2 and human parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, 3, and 4 have been known primarily as respiratory pathogens in young children. They are now recognized as important pathogens in adults as well. Adults infected with these viruses tend to have more variable and less distinctive clinical findings than children, and the viral cause of the infection is often unsuspected. The consistency of the annual outbreaks of these agents and the frequency of reinfection suggest that they impose a considerable, but ill-defined, disease .
Improving TCP's Robustness to Blind In-Window Attacks

TCP has historically been considered protected against spoofed off- path packet injection attacks by relying on the fact that it is difficult to guess the 4-tuple (the source and destination IP addresses and the source and destination ports) in combination with the 32 bit sequence number(s). A combination of increasing window sizes and applications using longer term connections (e.g. H-323 or Border Gateway Protocol [RFC4271]) have left modern TCP implementations more vulnerable to these types of spoofed packet injection attacks. Many of these long term TCP applications tend to have predictable IP addresses and ports which makes it far easier for the 4-tuple to be guessed. Having guessed the 4-tuple correctly, an attacker can inject a RST, SYN or DATA segment into a TCP connection by systematically guessing the sequence number of the spoofed segment to be in the current receive window. This can cause the connection to either abort or possibly cause data corruption. This document specifies small modifications to the way TCP handles inbound segments that can reduce the chances of a successful attack.
Stratospheric Memory and Skill of Extended-Range Weather Forecasts

We use an empirical statistical model to demonstrate significant skill in making extended-range forecasts of the monthly-mean Arctic Oscillation (AO). Forecast skill derives from persistent circulation anomalies in the lowermost stratosphere and is greatest during boreal winter. A comparison to the Southern Hemisphere provides evidence that both the time scale and predictability of the AO depend on the presence of persistent circulation anomalies just above the tropopause. These circulation anomalies most likely affect the troposphere through changes to waves in the upper troposphere, which induce surface pressure changes that correspond to the AO.