Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A property of quantum relative entropy with an application to privacy in quantum communication

We prove the following information-theoretic property about quantum states. <i>Substate theorem:</i> Let ρ and σ be quantum states in the same Hilbert space with relative entropy <i>S</i>(ρ ∥ σ) ≔ Tr ρ (log ρ− log σ) = <i>c</i>. Then for all ε > 0, there is a state ρ′ such that the trace distance ∥ρ′ − ρ∥<sub>tr</sub> ≔ Tr &sqrt;(ρ′ − ρ)<sup>2</sup> ≤ ε, and ρ′/2<sup><i>O</i>(<i>c</i>/ε<sup>2</sup>)</sup> ≤ σ. It states that if the relative entropy of ρ and σ is small, then there is a state ρ′ close to ρ, i.e. with small trace distance ∥ρ′ − ρ∥<sub>tr</sub>, that when scaled down by a factor 2<sup><i>O</i>(<i>c</i>)</sup> ‘sits inside’, or becomes a ‘substate’ of, σ. This result has several applications in quantum communication complexity and cryptography. Using the substate theorem, we derive a privacy trade-off for the <i>set membership problem</i> in the two-party quantum communication model. Here Alice is given a subset <i>A</i> &subse; [<i>n</i>], Bob an input <i>i</i> ∈ [<i>n</i>], and they need to determine if <i>i</i> ∈ <i>A</i>. <i>Privacy trade-off for set membership:</i> In any two-party quantum communication protocol for the set membership problem, if Bob reveals only <i>k</i> bits of information about his input, then Alice must reveal at least <i>n</i>/2<sup>O(<i>k</i>)</sup> bits of information about her input. We also discuss relationships between various information theoretic quantities that arise naturally in the context of the substate theorem.
Security Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures for Time Synchronization in IEEE802.15.4e Networks

Time synchronization is very important in the IEEE802.15. 4e network which aim to industrial automation applications. It enabled high end-to-end reliability and low power wireless networking. If an adversary launches time synchronization attacks to the IEEE802.15. 4e networks, the whole network communications will be paralyzed. In this paper, we present two types of attacks: 1) ASN and 2) time synchronization tree attack. In ASN attack the legitimate nodes may get an incorrect ASN value and thus can't synchronize to the normal network, while in time synchronization tree attack, the attacker can damage the structure of time synchronization tree by faking DIO packets. We propose some countermeasures which include intrusion detection algorithms, Encryption and Authentication methods to defend against these attacks. Finally, we perform time synchronization tree attack experiments. The experiment results show that the proposed mechanisms can defend against the attack.
EFFICIENT DATA HIDING SYSTEM USING LZW CRYPTOGRAPHY AND GIF IMAGE

The combination of steganography and cryptography is considered as one of the best security methods used for message protection, due to this reason, in this paper, a data hiding system that is based on image steganography and cryptography is proposed to secure data transfer between the source and destination. Animated GIF image is chosen as a carrier file format for the steganography due to a wide use in web pages and a LSB (Least Significant Bits) algorithm is employed to hide the message inside the colors of the pixels of an animated GIF image frames. To increase the security of hiding, each frame of GIF image is converted to 256 color BMP image and the palette of them is sorted and reassign each pixels to its new index, furthermore, the message is encrypted by LZW ( Lempel _ Ziv_Welch) compression algorithm before being hidden in the image frames. The proposed system was evaluated for effectiveness and the result shows that, the encryption and decryption methods used for developing the system make the security of the proposed system more efficient in securing data from unauthorized users. The system is therefore, recommended to be used by the Internet users for establishing a more secure communication.
Benzalacetone Synthase

Benzalacetone synthase, from the medicinal plant Rheum palmatum (RpBAS), is a plant-specific chalcone synthase (CHS) superfamily of type III polyketide synthase (PKS). RpBAS catalyzes the one-step, decarboxylative condensation of 4-coumaroyl-CoA with malonyl-CoA to produce the C6–C4 benzalacetone scaffold. The X-ray crystal structures of RpBAS confirmed that the diketide-forming activity is attributable to the characteristic substitution of the conserved active-site “gatekeeper” Phe with Leu. Furthermore, the crystal structures suggested that RpBAS employs novel catalytic machinery for the thioester bond cleavage of the enzyme-bound diketide intermediate and the final decarboxylation reaction to produce benzalacetone. Finally, by exploiting the remarkable substrate tolerance and catalytic versatility of RpBAS, precursor-directed biosynthesis efficiently generated chemically and structurally divergent, unnatural novel polyketide scaffolds. These findings provided a structural basis for the functional diversity of the type III PKS enzymes.
Commitment to employees, labor intensity, and labor productivity in small firms

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential existence of a concave downward curve between organizational commitment to employees (OCE) and labor productivity in small firms. It also aims to examine the moderating effects of labor intensity on this curvilinear relationship.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses a sample of 819 manufacturing small firms from the Spanish Ministry of Industry and Energy's Survey on Business Strategies, and applies hierarchical regression analysis to test its hypotheses.Findings – The results support a non‐linear association between OCE investments and labor productivity: the higher the level of OCE, the lower its positive impact on organizational outcomes will be. The results also support the contingent view of strategic human resource management, so that an investment in OCE is more effective in some contexts than in others.Practical implications – The paper concludes that managers and investors should be aware of the fact that investments in OCE ar.
Determination of Best Criteria to Determine Final and Initial Speeds within Ramp Exercise Testing Protocols

This study compared strategies to define final and initial speeds for designing ramp protocols. V O2max was directly assessed in 117 subjects (29 ± 8 yrs) and estimated by three nonexercise models: (1) Veterans Specific Activity Questionnaire (VSAQ); (2) Rating of Perceived Capacity (RPC); (3) Questionnaire of Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF). Thirty seven subjects (30 ± 9 yrs) performed three additional tests with initial speeds corresponding to 50% of estimated V O2max and 50% and 60% of measured V O2max . Significant differences (P < 0.001) were found between V O2max measured (41.5 ± 6.6 mL·kg−1 ·min−1) and estimated by VSAQ (36.6 ± 6.6 mL·kg−1 ·min−1) and CRF (45.0 ± 5.3 mL·kg−1 ·min−1), but not RPC (41.3 ± 6.2 mL·kg−1 ·min−1). The CRF had the highest ICC, the lowest SEE, and better limits of agreement with V O2max compared to the other instruments. Initial speeds from 50%–60% V O2max estimated by CRF or measured produced similar V O2max (40.7 ± 5.9; 40.0 ± 5.6; 40.3 ± 5.5 mL·kg−1 ·min−1 resp., P = 0.14). The closest relationship to identity line was found in tests beginning at 50% V O2max estimated by CRF. In conclusion, CRF was the best option to estimate V O2max and therefore to define the final speed for ramp protocols. The measured V O2max was independent of initial speeds, but speeds higher than 50% V O2max produced poorer submaximal relationships between workload and V O2.
Performance study of spike visual processing on a Supercomputer: AER-based spike convolution processing on a 320-core cluster

Human brain is composed by millions of parallel neurons that process the visual information in a continuous way, spike by spike, from the information received through the retina. In this processing there are no frames in the video like it occurs in digital video. One frame every 40 ms implies information loss in between two frames. Address-Event-Representation (AER) is mechanism for multiplexing in time the stream of spikes generated by a set of neurons implemented on a chip, FPGA or microprocessor. These AER visual processing systems have been simulated in software. In this paper we present a performance study of the CRS supercomputer of the University of Cadiz (UCA) for AER-based convolution processing.
A TRANSLOG COST FUNCTION ANALYSIS OF U.S. AGRICULTURE: A DYNAMIC SPECIFICATION

This study has used an empirical approach developed by Urga and Walters (2003) to examine the implications of the short-run specification of the standard translog cost specification along with the possible implications of non-stationarity. We have estimated a dynamic translog cost specification complete with dynamic share equations for U.S. agriculture and compared it to the static, long-run specification. We found that the dynamic translog specification yielded more significant parameter estimates, and yielded results that are consistent with economic theory. In particular, the coefficient m (the adjustment cost parameter) determines the overall autoregressive structure of the model. The fact that its estimated value (0.36) is statistically different from zero at any conventional level of confidence indicates that the dynamic structure of the model is important. This finding illustrates the superiority of the short-run, dynamic specification over the static, long-run model.
NMPC of a Continuous Fermenter Using Wiener-Hammerstein Model Developed from Irregularly Sampled Multi-rate Data

Abstract Control of a bio-reactor is a complex task due to inherent non-linearities and unavailability of measurements of the quality variables at regular sampling intervals. In this work, it proposed to identify Wiener-Hammerstein type fast-rate time series models for the quality variables directly from the irregularly sampled multi-rate input-output data. The identified models are further used to develop a multi-rate nonlinear predictive controller. The efficacy of the proposed modelling and control scheme is demonstrated by conducting simulation studies on a continuous fermenter system that exhibits input multiplicity and gain reversal in the desired operating region.
On the correct translation of update operations on relational views

Most relational database systems provide a facility for supporting user views. Permitting this level of abstraction has the danger, however, that update requests issued by a user within the context of his view may not translate correctly into equivalent updates on the underlying database. The purpose of this paper is to formalize the notion of update translation and derive conditions under which translation procedures will produce correct translations of view updates.
Fault Localization via Mining Program Dynamic Execution Graph ⋆

This paper is concerned with the problem of locating the code area related to software potential fault quickly and accurately in software testing period. A new method Sig BB based on graph model is proposed for mining the suspicious fault nodes from the passing and failing execution graphs. Representing each execution of a program as a graph, the graphs are divided into the passing and failing sets. By extracting the most representative passing and failing graphs based on these sets, the discriminative sub-graph is mined between the two representative graphs. First, Sig BB searches the max common graph, and then gets the opposite nodes set. The discriminative sub-graph is obtained by organizing and extending the set finally. Since the detected code scale is associated with the sorting of suspicious nodes, a suspicious metric strategy is also designed to sort the nodes in the discriminative sub-graph. Experimental results indicate that our method is both effective and efficient for software fault localization.
Time-Distance Optimal Trajectory Planning For Mobile Robots On Straight And Circular Paths

Trajectories are generally used to describe the space and time required to perform a desired motion task for a mobile robot or manipulator system. In this paper, we considered a cubic polynomial trajectory for the problem of moving a mobile robot from its initial position to a goal position in over a continuous set of time. Along the path, the robot requires to observe a certain acceleration profile. Then, we formulated an optimization approach to generate optimal trajectory profiles for the mobile robot in the cases of maximum-dista nce and minimum-time problems. The optimization problem presented to find the trajectory strategy that would give the robot time-distance optimality to move from a start point to an end point where the robot should stay inside its acceleration limits all the time. The problem solved analytically because as it is well known, numerical solutions and iterative methods are time-consuming, therefore, our closed-form solutions demand low computation time. Finally, the results are verified by simulations.
A Novel Ensemble Approach Based on Balanced Perceptrons Applied to Microarray Datasets

Recently, ensemble learning theory has received much attention in the machine learning community, since it has been demonstrated as a great alternative to generate more accurate predictors with higher generalization abilities. The improvement of generalization performance of an ensemble is directly related to the diversity and accuracy of the individual classifiers. Thus, contributions in this scenario are still relevant. In this paper, we propose a novel ensemble approach based on balanced Perceptrons. In order to improve the accuracy of each individual classifier, we balance the final hyper plane solution. Also, we introduce the dissimilarity measure which is employed in order to maximize the diversity of the ensemble. This strategy accepts a new component in the ensemble only if it holds a minimum predetermined distance from the other components. We conduct our experimental study on micro array datasets and assess the performance of the proposed method combined by averaging and unweighted voting. Reported results show that our method outperforms other ensemble approaches, such as Random Averaging and AdaBoost, in all considered datasets. Also, we overcome Support Vector Machines in almost all cases. We perform statistical tests to check for the significance of our results.
ADAPTIVE SWITCHING CONTROL OF QUADRATICALLY STABILIZABLE UNCERTAIN SYSTEMS WITH AN ANESTHESIA APPLICATION

Abstract The problem of controlling nonlinear noisy systems affected by large possibly non-parametric uncertainties is approached via the introduction of a supervisor which, whenever needed, switches on, in feedback to the plant, a controller selected from a finite set of predesigned controllers. An application to automatic drug delivery for anesthesia is presented to illustrate the method.
Raynaud’s Phenomenon: A Brief Review of the Underlying Mechanisms

Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is characterized by exaggerated cold-induced vasoconstriction. This augmented vasoconstriction occurs by virtue of a reflex response to cooling via the sympathetic nervous system as well as by local activation of α2C adrenoceptors (α2C-AR). In a cold-initiated, mitochondrion-mediated mechanism involving reactive oxygen species and the Rho/ROCK pathway, cytoskeletal rearrangement in vascular smooth muscle cells orchestrates the translocation of α2C-AR to the cell membrane, where this receptor readily interacts with its ligand. Different parameters are involved in this spatial and functional rescue of α2C-AR. Of notable relevance is the female hormone, 17β-estradiol, or estrogen. This is consistent with the high prevalence of RP in premenopausal women compared to age-matched males. In addition to dissecting the role of these various players, the contribution of pollution as well as genetic background to the onset and prevalence of RP are also discussed. Different therapeutic approaches employed as treatment modalities for this disease are also highlighted and analyzed. The lack of an appropriate animal model for RP mandates that more efforts be undertaken in order to better understand and eventually treat this disease. Although several lines of treatment are utilized, it is important to note that precaution is often effective in reducing severity or frequency of RP attacks.
Demand for Currency Outside Banks (Cob) in Nigeria

This paper extends the empirical research strategy developed for modeling demand for M1 in Nigeria in Teriba (2006a) to one of its two sub-components, currency outside banks (COB). However, none of our findings for M1 stand up for COB. Specifically, the long run equilibrium relationship between the variables in the transactions demand framework could not be shown to exist for COB in Nigeria. The non-normality of the residuals of the reduced ECM for COB renders the model un-interpretable. Three outliers (when the residual exceeded the standard error bars) can be identified over the 1960Q1 to the 1995Q4 sample-period. The first happened around 1967/68 and coincides with the outbreak of the Nigerian civil war; the second happened in 1974 and coincides with the onset of the oil-boom; the third happened around 1984 and coincide with the sudden change (within a couple of months) of Naira notes by a new military government to check counterfeiting. Each of the associated events probably can individually or collectively be responsible for the residual non-normality. Dummies for each of the three shocks were included, but the residual non-normality persisted. Consequently, we are unable to recover any well-behaved model for COB for Nigeria that can be compared with models already derived for M1 and demand deposits (Teriba (2006a-d)).
Empirical evaluation of active sampling for CRF-based analysis of pages

We propose an automatic method of extracting bibliographies for academic articles scanned with OCR markup. The method uses conditional random fields (CRF) for labeling serially OCR-ed text lines on an article's title page as appropriate names for bibliographic elements. Although we achieved excellent extraction accuracies for some Japanese academic journals, we needed a substantial amount of training data that had to be obtained through costly manual extraction of bibliographies from printed documents. Therefore, this paper reports an empirical evaluation of active sampling applied to the CRF-based extraction of bibliographies to reduce the amount of training data. We applied active sampling techniques to three academic journals published in Japan. The experiments revealed that the sampling strategy using the proposed criteria for selecting samples could reduce the amount of training data to less than half or even a third of those for two academic journals. This paper also reports the effect of pseudo-training data that were added to training.
Rendering antialiased shadows with depth maps

We present a solution to the aliasing problem for shadow algorithms that use depth maps. The solution is based on a new filtering technique called percentage closer filtering. In addition to antialiasing, the improved algorithm provides soft shadow boundaries that resemble penumbrae. We describe the new algorithm in detail, demonstrate the effects of its parameters, and analyze its performance.
A methodology to determine impact of robotic technologies on space exploration missions

This paper presents a new method for evaluating relative strengths and impact of robotic technologies utilized for space exploration missions. The method uses a three tiered process involving mission analysis, technology performance characterization, and technology influence models. Mission analysis focuses on determining the goals of the mission and evaluating the metrics that quantify those goals. Technology performance characterization allows the method to classify the capabilities of a diverse set of robotic technologies, in a systematic fashion, whereas the technology influence models allow understanding of the relationships between technology output and mission requirements. This three-tiered process is designed to provide a general framework for understanding the relative benefits of robotic technologies. Details on the method are provided in this paper and are illustrated on a representative Mars exploration mission
Volumetric Mapping of Genus Zero Objects via Mass Preservation

In this work, we present a technique to map any genus zero solid object onto a hexahedral decomposition of a solid cube. This problem appears in many applications ranging from finite element methods to visual tracking. From this, one can then hopefully utilize the proposed technique for shape analysis, registration, as well as other related computer graphics tasks. More importantly, given that we seek to establish a one-to-one correspondence of an input volume to that of a solid cube, our algorithm can naturally generate a quality hexahedral mesh as an output. In addition, we constrain the mapping itself to be volume preserving allowing for the possibility of further mesh simplification. We demonstrate our method both qualitatively and quantitatively on various 3D solid models
What you should know about the work-up of a renal biopsy.

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Urodeles remove mesoderm from the superficial layer by subduction through a bilateral primitive streak.

Urodeles begin gastrulation with much of their presumptive mesoderm in the superficial cell layer, all of which must move into the deep layers during development. We studied the morphogenesis of superficial mesoderm in the urodeles Ambystoma maculatum, Ambystoma mexicanum, and Taricha granulosa. In all three species, somitic, lateral, and ventral mesoderm move into the deep layer during gastrulation, ingressing through a "bilateral primitive streak" just inside the blastopore. The mesodermal epithelium appears to slide under the endodermal epithelium by a mechanism we term "subduction. " Subduction removes the large expanse of superficial presumptive somitic and lateral-ventral mesoderm that initially separates the sub-blastoporal endoderm from the notochord, leaving the endoderm bounding the still epithelial notochord along the gastrocoel roof. Subduction may be a common feature of urodele gastrulation, differing in this regard from anurans. Subducting cells constrict their apices and become bottle-shaped as they approach the junction of the mesodermal and endodermal epithelia. Subducting bottle cells endocytose apical membrane and withdraw the tight junctional component cingulin from the contracting circumferential tight junctions. Either in conjunction with or immediately after subducting, the mesodermal cells undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The mechanism by which epithelial cells release their apical junctions to become mesenchymal, without disrupting the integrity of the epithelium, remains mysterious, but this system should prove useful in understanding this process in a developmental context.