Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a flat annular-shaped diaphragm for use in a down-hole pressure transducer

This paper describes the analysis of a flat annular-shaped diaphragm as a key part of a special pressure transducer. Such a transducer is aimed at applications down-hole of oil wells, where it occupies the annulus space between a tubing string and the casing of the well. As a key element of the transducer, the flat and annular-shaped diaphragm is used to convert pressure into a displacement of sufficient amplitude. This displacement can be further converted into an electrical signal by an appropriate displacement transducer. A mathematical model has been developed to predict the displacement of the diaphragm in response to an applied pressure, given the geometry and the material properties of the diaphragm. The model has been validated by experimental results.
Electroluminescence from ZnO nanowire/polymer composite p-n junction

The characteristics of a hybrid p-n junction consisting of the hole-conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)-poly(styrene-sulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) and n-ZnO nanorods grown on an n-GaN layer on sapphire are reported. Spin coating of polystyrene was used to electrically isolate neighboring nanorods and a top layer of transparent conducting indium tin oxide (ITO) was used to contact the PEDOT/PSS. Multiple peaks are observed in the electroluminescence spectrum from the structure under forward bias, including ZnO band edge emission at ∼383nm as well as peaks at 430, 640, and 748nm. The threshold bias for UV light emission was <3V, corresponding to a current density of 6.08Acm−2 through the PEDOT/PSS at 3V.
Monte Carlo Calculations of Nuclear Evaporation Processes. III. Applications to Low-Energy Reactions

Monte Carlo calculations of nuclear reactions in the low-energy (E < 50 Mev) region are described. The calculations are based on the nuclear evaporation model of Weisskopf. Continuum theory was used for the calculation of inverse reaction cross sections. In the calculation of the level densities of excited nuclei, pairing and shell energy corrections were used in terms of charactertstic level displacements. The accurate equation rather than the approximate Maxwell distribution was used for the selection of the kinetic energy of the evaporated particle. Experimentally determined Q-values for the various reactions were used. The calculations are compared with experimental measurements for about 60 excitation functions of nuclear reactions in the mass range Cr/sup 50/-Se/sup 74/. Cameron's values for pairing energies were used at the outset; but a new set of pairing and shell energy correction values, which leads to substuntially improved agreement with the experimental curves, Is presented. The procedure which was used to arrive at this set is described and several features of the set are discussed. The need for a further downward correction of the level density of symmetrical (A = 2Z) nuclei is indicated. Computed excitation functions are shown for all the reactions studied as well asmore » for several reactions for which experimental data are not yet available. Further experiments on reaction cross sections are suggested which would allow a unique deterntination of the pairing and shell energy corrections of level densities for any value of Z and N in the region under discussion. The existence of a unique set of these correction terms would provide strong evidence for the validity of evaporation theory for the reactions considered. (auth)« less
Search heuristics for operation sequencing in process planning

The operation-sequencing problem in process planning is considered to produce a part with the objective of minimizing the sum of machine, setup and tool change costs. In general, the problem has combinatorial characteristics and complex precedence relations, which makes the problem difficult to solve. Six local search heuristics have been developed based on simulated annealing and tabu search to obtain good solutions for practical-sized problems within a reasonable amount of computation time. Application of the algorithms is illustrated using an example part. Also, computational experiments were done on randomly generated problems and the results show that the tabu search-based algorithms are better than the simulated annealing-based algorithms on overall average. In particular, one of the tabu search algorithms suggested here gave optimal solutions for most small-sized test problems within very short computation times.
Evaluation of long-term supplementation of a direct-fed microbial and enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast cell culture product on feedlot growth performance, efficiency of dietary net energy utilization, heat stress measures, and carcass characteristics in beef steers

Abstract The objective of this research was to determine the influence of long-term supplementation (258 d) of a direct-fed microbial (DFM) and yeast cell wall (YCW) product used alone or in combination on growth performance, dietary net energy utilization, and carcass characteristics in beef steers finished under climatic conditions in the Northern Plains (NP). Single-sourced Charolais × Red Angus steers [n = 256; body weight = 246 ± 1.68 kg] were blocked by pen location in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of DFM and YCW. Steers were administered a series of diets common to the NP and administered ractopamine hydrochloride (RH; 300 mg/kg) during the last 28 d of the finishing phase. Steers were vaccinated and poured at processing and individually weighed on days 1, 14, 42, 77, 105, 133, 161, 182, 230, and 258. Temperature–humidity index (THI) was calculated during RH supplementation. For 98% of the experiment, the THI was lower than 72 and thus cattle were not under high-ambient temperature. On days 1, 2, 21, and 22 of RH supplementation, respiration rates (RR), and panting scores (PS) were determined before and after AM and PM feedings (0700 h, 1100 h, 1400 h, and 1700 h). A DFM + YCW interaction was noted for the proportion of steers categorized as PS 2.0 at 1100 h on day 21 (P = 0.03) and RR on day 21 at 1400 h (P = 0.02). Control steers had a greater proportion of PS 2.0 compared to DFM or YCW steers (P ≤ 0.05), while DFM + YCW steers did not differ from others (P ≥ 0.05); DFM + YCW steers had greater (P < 0.05) RR compared to DFM steers, while control and YCW steers did not differ from others (P ≥ 0.05). No DFM + YCW interactions or main effects (P ≥ 0.05) were observed for cumulative growth performance measures. However, YCW steers had 2% lower (P = 0.04) dry matter intakes compared to steers not fed YCW. No DFM + YCW interactions or main effects (P ≥ 0.05) were observed for carcass traits or liver abscess severity. However, a DFM + YCW interaction (P < 0.05) was noted for the distribution of USDA yield grade (YG) 1 and Prime carcasses. Control steers had a greater proportion (P < 0.05) of YG 1 carcasses compared to other treatments. DFM+YCW steers had a greater proportion (P < 0.05) of USDA Prime carcasses compared to DFM or YCW but were similar to control steers, which were also similar to DFM or YCW. Overall, the use of DFM and YCW alone or in combination had minimal effects on growth performance, carcass traits, and heat stress measures in steers finished in NP climatic conditions.
Urban Communities for Transition toward Sustainable Behavior in the Context of Authoritarianism: Analysis of Non-Profit Community-Based Organizations in Budapest, Hungary

Abstract Communities can play an important role in the transition toward sustainable living; however, a meso perspective bridging individual behavior and social context has rarely been applied. To address this issue, our study introduces the broad landscape of nonprofit community-based organizations as meso-level entities whose activities relate in one way or another to sustainability. Through an exploratory study relying on in-depth interviews, we examine the meaning of community and the role of sustainability in the operation of these communities. The emergence of a new authoritarianism in Hungary gives a special context for the study and enables identification of the characteristics of urban communities from “illiberal democracy. ” The findings indicate the presence of five different types of community-based organizations with sustainability-related activities. We argue for the analytical usefulness of a meso-level perspective and for the importance of researching how community-based organizations help individuals in transition to a more sustainable lifestyle.
Healing, Empowering, Engaging, Learning, and Decolonizing Through Culture: Living Wellness, Resilience, and Resurgence in the Classroom Through Creative Arts

Art and Indigenous culture are inseparable. From the immaculately decorated lodges and war shirts of thousands of years to contemporary mixed and digital media images, Indigenous arts are expressions of survivance. Creative arts have sustained Indigenous ways of knowing, being, doing, and healing through attempted cultural genocide. Research has shown that art engages youth in life skill-building, learning, emotional regulating, and spiritual healing, supporting art as an intervention for wellness. Culturally-based artistic expression and the process of creating promotes wellness among Indigenous youth. As primary sites of assimilation and colonialism, educational institutions have a responsibility to enact reconciliation through culturally-rooted arts-based approaches to wellness. School psychologists are wellpositioned to support these approaches. This study took place in Kainaiwa in Southern Alberta and explored Niitsitapi artists’ and educators’ perspectives on the impacts of culturally-rooted arts-based interventions with Niitsitapi middle school students in the classroom. Over 2 days, professional Indigenous artists shared their art practices with students at a middle school in Kainai First Nation in Alberta. We had research conversations with 12 Niitsitapi community members involved in the event using a decolonizing, community-based approach. Indigenous storywork was used to understand research conversations, highlighting information and guidance for school psychologists to inform their engagement with Indigenous students and community members in schools. Findings emphasized art as healing, particularly given its connection to culture. Further, cultural engagement through art supports student wellness and educational engagement. Art can be used to empower voice, overcome deficit narratives, create new stories, and cope with disharmony. Art can also engage youth in discovery and learning, providing an alternative to a lecture style of learning, increasing enjoyment in the classroom experience. These findings have practical implications for future interventions and the integration of art pedagogically. This paper offers recommendations that highlight stark distinctions between culturally-rooted art practice and conventional Eurocentric art approaches in education.
Identification and Molecular Binding Mechanism of Novel α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Peptides from Hot-Pressed Peanut Meal Protein Hydrolysates

Hot-pressed peanut meal protein hydrolysates are rich in Arg residue, but there is a lack of research on their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. In this study, different proteases were used to produce hot-pressed peanut meal protein hydrolysates (PMHs) to evaluate the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. All PMHs showed good α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with the best inhibition effect coming from the dual enzyme system of Alcalase and Neutrase with an IC50 of 5.63 ± 0.19 mg/mL. The fractions with the highest inhibition effect were separated and purified using ultrafiltration and cation exchange chromatography. Four novel α-glucosidase inhibitory peptides (FYNPAAGR, PGVLPVAS, FFVPPSQQ, and FSYNPQAG) were identified by nano-HPLC-MS/MS and molecular docking. Molecular docking showed that peptides could occupy the active pocket of α-glucosidase through hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, salt bridges, and π-stacking, thus preventing the formation of complexes between α-glucosidase and the substrate. In addition, the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of PMHs was stable against hot, pH treatment and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The study demonstrated that PMHs might be used as a natural anti-diabetic material with the potential to inhibit α-glucosidase.
Hydrogen Production via SMR with Carbon Capture: A Bibliometric Analysis

The global energy demand should double by 2030, reaching a peak of 80 to 120 million barrels of oil per day. Therefore, to mitigate climate change and reduce the high demand for oil imports, future energies must be clean (carbon-free), renewable and recyclable. A promising solution to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and meet future demands for sustainable energy is to use H2 as an energy vector. In the literature, some works involve H2 production via SMR and CO2 capture. Therefore, a bibliometric analysis of this topic is developed to assess its level of maturity and map the publications most adhering to this research line. From the results obtained, it was observed that the focus of the research already has a particular maturity, but there are still many gaps to be addressed and developed.
Novel Incremental Regularized Extreme Learning Machine Method Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization for Nonlinear Multivariate Calibration of Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Abstract Novel incremental regularized extreme learning machine (IR-ELM) based upon improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO-IR-ELM) is reported for the nonlinear multivariate calibration of visible/near-infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy. IR-ELM is employed to construct a nonlinear calibration model for samples. Combined with IPSO, three parts of the IR-ELM algorithm are intelligently optimized. First, the regularization coefficient of the initial network in IR-ELM is optimized by IPSO. Second, IPSO is used again to select the optimal input weights and hidden biases while adding new hidden nodes in IR-ELM. Third, the 2-norm of the output matrix in IR-ELM is introduced as the conditional constraint in IPSO for updating the particle position. The performance of the reported method was tested with two Vis/NIR spectra datasets: blood hemoglobin and water pH. Key spectral variables were selected by successive projections algorithm and employed to establish the calibration models. Compared with partial least squares, ELM, error minimized extreme learning machine, and IR-ELM, IPSO-IR-ELM achieved the highest accuracy and best generalization. For the blood hemoglobin dataset, the RMSEP (root mean square error of prediction) was 0.210 g·dL−1, and the Rp2 (coefficient of determination of prediction) was 0.973. For the water pH dataset, the RMSEP was 0.825, and the Rp2 was 0.899. The results demonstrate that IPSO-IR-ELM is an alternative nonlinear multivariate calibration approach for Vis/NIR spectroscopy.
Model and control for four-powered-caster vehicle: a probability-based approach

A vehicle with four powered caster wheels can provide much more motion flexibility in a constrained environment. However, the dynamic modelling and control of such system is challenging due to its high redundancy. This paper investigates the dynamic model and tracking control for a four-powered-caster vehicle (4-PCV) on complex terrain without any additional sensor. The torques applied to the wheels are dynamically redistributed based on the real-time conditions of the whole wheel–ground interactions so that the vehicle can track the desired trajectory when moving on different terrains. A dynamic model considering the wheel–ground interaction is first derived. Then a novel approach based on a probability scheme is proposed to identify the status of the vehicle and the wheel slip ratio by only observing the velocity feedback from motors encoders. Based on this real-time perception information, a tracking controller and a torque distribution scheme are applied to make sure that each wheel can be self-adapted to meet a complex wheel–ground condition to eliminate or reduce the probability of slippage. The effectiveness of the proposed estimation approach and the performance of the torque distribution schemes are verified by simulation.
Machine-Learning-Based Detecting of Eyelid Closure and Smiling Using Surface Electromyography of Auricular Muscles in Patients with Postparalytic Facial Synkinesis: A Feasibility Study

Surface electromyography (EMG) allows reliable detection of muscle activity in all nine intrinsic and extrinsic ear muscles during facial muscle movements. The ear muscles are affected by synkinetic EMG activity in patients with postparalytic facial synkinesis (PFS). The aim of the present work was to establish a machine-learning-based algorithm to detect eyelid closure and smiling in patients with PFS by recording sEMG using surface electromyography of the auricular muscles. Sixteen patients (10 female, 6 male) with PFS were included. EMG acquisition of the anterior auricular muscle, superior auricular muscle, posterior auricular muscle, tragicus muscle, orbicularis oculi muscle, and orbicularis oris muscle was performed on both sides of the face during standardized eye closure and smiling tasks. Machine-learning EMG classification with a support vector machine allowed for the reliable detection of eye closure or smiling from the ear muscle recordings with clear distinction to other mimic expressions. These results show that the EMG of the auricular muscles in patients with PFS may contain enough information to detect facial expressions to trigger a future implant in a closed-loop system for electrostimulation to improve insufficient eye closure and smiling in patients with PFS.
Two Alimentary Canal Proteins, Fo-GN and Fo-Cyp1, Act in Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis TSWV Infection

Simple Summary Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is a plant virus that causes significant economic loss to high-valued crops, including hot pepper and tomato. It is transmitted by some thrips species, including Frankliniella occidentalis. Thrips obtain TSWV by feeding on infected host plants. The TSWV infects the midgut and then enters the thrips bodies, where the virus translocates to salivary glands for subsequent transmission. Here we assessed the actions of two intestinal proteins, glycoprotein (Fo-GN) and cyclophilin (Fo-Cyp1) in their functional association with TSWV infection of the midgut. Silencing the two genes encoding these two proteins led to a near-zero reduction of TSWV in midguts and salivary glands of the infected thrips. We propose that the two intestinal proteins, Fo-GN and Fo-Cyp1, are TSWV entry targets that are necessary to infect F. occidentalis for continued transmission to additional host plants. Abstract Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is a plant virus that causes massive economic damage to high-valued crops. This virus is transmitted by specific thrips, including the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. TSWV is acquired by the young larvae during feeding on infected host plants. TSWV infects the gut epithelium through hypothetical receptor(s) and multiplies within the cells for subsequent horizontal transmission to other plant hosts via the salivary glands during feeding. Two alimentary canal proteins, glycoprotein (Fo-GN) and cyclophilin (Fo-Cyp1), are thought to be associated with the TSWV entry into the gut epithelium of F. occidentalis. Fo-GN possesses a chitin-binding domain, and its transcript was localized on the larval gut epithelium by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that F. occidentalis encodes six cyclophilins, in which Fo-Cyp1 is closely related to a human cyclophilin A, an immune modulator. The Fo-Cyp1 transcript was also detected in the larval gut epithelium. Expression of these two genes was suppressed by feeding their cognate RNA interference (RNAi) to young larvae. The RNAi efficiencies were confirmed by the disappearance of the target gene transcripts from the gut epithelium by FISH analyses. The RNAi treatments directed to Fo-GN or Fo-Cyp1 prevented the typical TSWV titer increase after the virus feeding, compared to control RNAi treatment. Our immunofluorescence assay using a specific antibody to TSWV documented the reduction of TSWV in the larval gut and adult salivary gland after the RNAi treatments. These results support our hypothesis that the candidate proteins Fo-GN and Fo-Cyp1 act in TSWV entry and multiplication in F. occidentalis.
THE ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRONS ELASTICALLY SCATTERED BY HELIUM ATOMS AND BY HYDROGEN MOLECULES

The differential cross sections for the elastic scattering of electrons by helium atoms and by hydrogen molecules have been calculated over a wide range of electron impact energies with allowance made for the contribution to the scattering from the static fields of the target systems, for the effect of electron exchange and, in the case of helium, for the polarization of the target atom by the Coulomb field of the incident electron. The approximate methods which have been used include the Born approximation, the first-order exchange approximation and, in the case of helium, the numerical solution of the differential equations derived by making a partial wave analysis and employing the static field approximation together with a polarization potential term, which behaves as - α/r4 for large radial distances r and vanishes as r approaches zero. In addition, use has been made of the zero- and first-order phase shifts calculated by Morse and Allis from the exact numerical solutions of the appropriate exchange approximation integro-differential equations for the helium case. It is found that the agreement between theory and experiment is quite satisfactory provided the experimental data for the angular distribution of elastically scattered electrons are normalized separately from the calculated differential cross section curves for each energy of impact, though there remains a tendency for the very small and the large scattering angle data to lie somewhat above that predicted by the theory. However, if the normalization of the experimental data is carried out at just a single high energy of impact, the calculated curves are found to lie well above the experimental points at low electron energies over most of the range of scattering angles. The satisfactory accord obtained for molecular hydrogen between the experimental data and the differential cross sections calculated with polarization neglected suggests that in this case the effect of polarization may be small even though the polarizability of molecular hydrogen is considerably greater than that of helium for which its role is found to be important.
On the decomposition of Gini coefficients by population class and income source: a spreadsheet approach and application

There are in the literature many different formulae and methodologies for deriving and decomposing Gini coefficients. Needless to say, different methodologies have their own advantages and limitations. Some Gini formulae are unnecessarily complicated and impractical. Some are biased estimators and/or not decomposable. This paper presents a simple and exact formula and develops a systematic procedure for decomposition by population class and income source in a spreadsheet without using matrix algebra, integration, regression and covariances. The Gini formula and decomposition method can be used for individual data and for evenly or unevenly grouped data. Many complicated concepts regarding the Gini and its components are given an intuitive economic interpretation. A household survey data set for Sichuan, China, is used to demonstrate, step by step, how the methodology is applied in empirical analyses.
Compositions of Measures on the Simplest Nilpotent Group

Two measures $\mu _1 $ and $\mu _2 $ defined on the simplest nilpotent group are considered (see section 1). In the paper we discuss the conditions which are necessary and sufficient for the distance between distribution functions of the measures $\mu _1^m $ and $\mu _2^m $ to tend to zero as $m \to \infty $. These conditions are given in Theorems 1 and 2.