Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Dissemination of Social and Mobile Search in Categories of Information Needs Using Websites as Proxies

With the increasing popularity of social means to satisfy information needs using Social Media (e.g., Social Media Question Asking, SMQA) or Social Information Retrieval approaches, this paper tries to identify types of information needs which are inherently social and therefore better suited for those techniques. We describe an experiment where prominent websites from various content categories are used to represent their respective content area and allow to correlate attributes of the content areas. The underlying assumption is that successful websites for focused content areas perfectly align with the information seekers' requirements when satisfying information needs in the respective content areas. Based on a manually collected dataset of URLs from websites covering a broad range of topics taken from Alexa (this http URL} (retrieved 2015-11-04)) (a company that publishes statistics about web traffic), a crowdsourcing approach is employed to rate the information needs that could get solved by the respective URLs according to several dimensions (incl. sociality and mobility) to investigate possible correlations with other attributes. Our results suggest that information needs which do not require a certain formal expertise play an important role in social information retrieval and that some content areas are better suited for social information retrieval (e.g., Factual Knowledge & News, Games, Lifestyle) than others (e.g., Health & Lifestyle).
Symmetric Nonconforming Mixed Finite Elements for Linear Elasticity

We present a family of mixed methods for linear elasticity that yield exactly symmetric, but only weakly conforming, stress approximations. The method is presented in both two and three dimensions (on triangular and tetrahedral meshes). The method is efficiently implementable by hybridization. The degrees of freedom of the Lagrange multipliers, which approximate the displacements at the faces, solve a symmetric positive-definite system. The design and analysis of this method is motivated by a new set of unisolvent degrees of freedom for symmetric polynomial matrices. These new degrees of freedom are also used to give a new simple calculation of the dimension of the space of polynomial symmetric matrix fields with vanishing normal traces and zero divergence on a tetrahedron. Such a dimension count was important in the development of the symmetric $H(\mathrm{div})$ conforming methods found in [D. N. Arnold, G. Awanou, and R. Winther, Math. Comp., 77 (2008), pp. 1229-1251].
Predicting invasion success in complex ecological networks

A central and perhaps insurmountable challenge of invasion ecology is to predict which combinations of species and habitats most effectively promote and prevent biological invasions. Here, we integrate models of network structure and nonlinear population dynamics to search for potential generalities among trophic factors that may drive invasion success and failure. We simulate invasions where 100 different species attempt to invade 150 different food webs with 15–26 species and a wide range (0.06–0.32) of connectance. These simulations yield 11 438 invasion attempts by non-basal species, 47 per cent of which are successful. At the time of introduction, whether or not the invader is a generalist best predicts final invasion success; however, once the invader establishes itself, it is best distinguished from unsuccessful invaders by occupying a lower trophic position and being relatively invulnerable to predation. In general, variables that reflect the interaction between an invading species and its new community, such as generality and trophic position, best predict invasion success; however, for some trophic categories of invaders, fundamental species traits, such as having the centre of the feeding range low on the theoretical niche axis (for non-omnivorous and omnivorous herbivores), or the topology of the food web (for tertiary carnivores), best predict invasion success. Across all invasion scenarios, a discriminant analysis model predicted successful and failed invasions with 76.5 per cent accuracy for properties at the time of introduction or 100 per cent accuracy for properties at the time of establishment. More generally, our results suggest that tackling the challenge of predicting the properties of species and habitats that promote or inhibit invasions from food web perspective may aid ecologists in identifying rules that govern invasions in natural ecosystems.
Juvenile nematodes (Echinocephalus pseudouncinatus) in the gonads of sea urchins (Centrostephanus coronatus) and their effect on host gametogenesis.

1. The juvenile phase of the nematode Echinocephalus pseudouncinatus occurs commonly in the gonads of the sea urchin Centrostephanus coronatus off Southern California. The gonads of about 78% of the urchins in Big Fisherman's Cove, Santa Catalina Island, were heavily infected with the juveniles. About 40% of the urchins at Pin Rock in Catalina Harbor, Santa Catalina Island, and at Whistler's Reef off Corona del Mar on the mainland coast of California were infected, although the infection was usually not as severe as in Big Fisherman's Cove. A juvenile, probably of E. psuedouncinatus, also was found in gonads of C. coronatus collected from Bahia Tortola off west-central Baja California. Although juveniles of E. pseudouncinatus also occur commonly in the foot of pink abalones, they only rarely infect other species of sea urchins in Southern California.2. The California horned shark Heterodontus francisci seems a likely host of the adult phase of E. pseudouncinatus. However, when specimens of the horned shar.
Four Quasars above Redshift 6 Discovered by the Canada-France High-z Quasar Survey

The Canada-France High-z Quasar Survey (CFHQS) is an optical survey designed to locate quasars during the epoch of reionization. In this paper we present the discovery of the first four CFHQS quasars at redshifts greater than 6, including the most distant known quasar, CFHQS J2329-0301 at z = 6.43. We describe the observational method used to identify the quasars and present optical, infrared, and millimeter photometry and optical and near-infrared spectroscopy. We investigate the dust properties of these quasars, finding an unusual dust extinction curve for one quasar and a high far-infrared luminosity due to dust emission for another. The mean millimeter continuum flux for CFHQS quasars is substantially lower than that for SDSS quasars at the same redshift, likely due to a correlation with quasar UV luminosity. For two quasars with sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio optical spectra, we use the spectra to investigate the ionization state of hydrogen at z > 5. For CFHQS J1509-1749 at z = 6.12 we find significant evolution (beyond a simple extrapolation of lower redshift data) in the Gunn-Peterson optical depth at z > 5.4. The line of sight to this quasar has one of the highest known optical depths at z ≈ 5.8. An analysis of the sizes of the highly ionized near-zones in the spectra of two quasars at z = 6.12 and 6.43 suggest that the intergalactic medium surrounding these quasars was substantially ionized before these quasars turned on. Together, these observations point toward an extended reionization process, but we caution that cosmic variance is still a major limitation in z > 6 quasar observations.
The Paradox of Sympathetic Vasoconstriction in Exercising Skeletal Muscle

BUCKWALTER, J.B. , and P.S. CLIFFORD. The paradox of sympathetic vasoconstriction in exercising skeletal muscle. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev., Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 159–163, 2001. Is there sympathetic vasoconstriction in exercising skeletal muscle? Although convincing evidence exists that demonstrates vasoconstriction in active muscle, the proposition that the sympathetic nervous system constricts skeletal muscle during exercise poses a paradox, given the robust vasodilation that occurs in muscle during exercise. Ultimately, muscle perfusion is a balance between metabolic vasodilation and sympathetic vasoconstriction.
Fonetik og Fonologi, Almen og Dansk

Abstract It is unusual for international journals to publish reviews of an introductory textbook written in a »small« language like Danish The textbook reviewed here is, however, significant both by presenting a comprehensive overview of contemporary Danish phonetics-phonology and by doing this in a theoretically interesting format It should be noted m passing that among Western languages Danish is second only to English in its post-medieval tradition of painstaking phonetic observation
Does Person‐Organization Fit Matter in the Public ‐Sector? Testing the Mediating Effect of Person‐Organization Fit in the Relationship between Public Service Motivation and Work Attitudes

Public service motivation theory suggests that public service motivation is positively related to work attitudes, but person-organization fit theory assumes that person-organization fit completely mediates the relationship between public service motivation and work attitudes of public employees. This article investigates which theory better predicts attitudes toward work, such as job satisfaction and organizational commitment of public employees, by testing hypotheses on (1) whether public service motivation directly influences work attitudes, or (2) whether person-organization fit mediates the relationship between public service motivation and work attitudes, or (3) whether both hypotheses are true. Using survey data on civil servants in Korea, this article shows that public service motivation has not only a direct effect on but also an indirect effect on job satisfaction and -organizational commitment through its influence on person--organization fit.
PRST: A PageRank-Based Summarization Technique for Summarizing Bug Reports with Duplicates

During software maintenance, bug reports are widely employed to improve the software project’s quality. A developer often refers to stowed bug reports in a repository for bug resolution. However, this reference process often requires a developer to pursue a substantial amount of textual information in bug reports which is lengthy and tedious. Automatic summarization of bug reports is one way to overcome this problem. Both supervised and unsupervised methods are effectively proposed for the automatic summary generation of bug reports. However, existing methods disregard the significance of duplicate bug reports in summarizing bug reports. In this study, we propose a PageRank-based Summarization Technique (PRST), which utilizes the textual information contained in bug reports and additional information in associated duplicate bug reports. PRST uses three variants of PageRank-based on Vector Space Model (VSM), Jaccard, and WordNet similarity metrics. These variants are utilized to calculate the textual similarity of the sentences between the master bug reports and their duplicates. PRST further trains a regression model and predicts the probability of sentences belonging to the summary. Finally, we combine the values of PageRank and regression model scores to rank the sentences and produce the summary for the master bug reports. In addition, we construct two corpora of bug reports and duplicates, i.e. MBRC and OSCAR. Empirical results suggest that PRST outperforms the state-of-the-art method BRC in terms of Precision, Recall, F-score, and Pyramid Precision. Meanwhile, PRST with WordNet achieves the best results against PRST with VSM and Jaccard.
Intraoperative fluid administration is associated with perioperative outcomes in pancreaticoduodenectomy: A single center retrospective analysis

Recent studies on perioperative fluid administration in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery have suggested that increased fluid loads are associated with worse perioperative outcomes. However, results of retrospective analyses of the relationship between intraoperative fluid (IOF) administration and perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) are conflicted. We sought to investigate this relationship in patients undergoing PD at our academic center.
Implementation of a CMOS-MEMS Filter Through a Mixed Electrical and Mechanical Coupling Scheme

We propose a novel filter coupling scheme, which combines the merits of mechanically and electrically coupled methods to enable a well-defined narrow bandwidth and a decent stopband rejection in a CMOS-MEMS bandpass filter. In the proposed design, a previously developed free-free beam arrayed resonator is employed as a basic resonant tank for the filter concept validation. By the use of several design strategies, including oxide-rich structure, arrayed design, and deep-submicrometer transducer's gap, the constituent resonant tanks feature small motional impedance (Rm), making filter termination feasible. Furthermore, we also provide the complete equivalent circuit and numerical modeling for such a fourth-order bandpass filter under the proposed coupling scheme. Compared with the traditional coupling topologies, the presented coupling concept is capable of achieving significant feedthrough suppression and precise bandwidth control, only at the cost of slight in-band loss. As a result, we successfully demonstrate a terminated CMOS-MEMS filter centered at 8.58 MHz with a narrow passband of 35 kHz and a stopband rejection greater than 20 dB. The proposed design concept of mixed coupling scheme can also be implemented in other MEMS fabrication platforms.
Spinal (subarachnoid) morphine for off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of 8 microg/kg preoperatively administered intrathecal morphine sulfate on extubation time, postoperative pulmonary function, and postoperative analgesia after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB). DESIGN A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. PARTICIPANTS One hundred adult patients scheduled for elective primary OPCAB. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to preoperative administration of 8 microg/kg intrathecal morphine sulfate (group 1) with a 25-gauge spinal needle or to receive sterile normal saline placebo subcutaneously (group 2). Anesthetic induction and maintenance were standardized to allow planning for facilitating early tracheal extubation. Multivessel OPCAB was performed with an Octopus stabilizer. Patients were extubated in the intensive care unit by a blinded observer using predefined extubation criteria. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Postoperative times to extubation were 9.47 +/- 3.83 hours in group 1 versus 11.25 +/- 3.94 hours in group 2 (P = .025). Postextubation bedside spirometric lung volumes in percentage of preoperative lung volume showed significant differences in group 1 versus group 2 in forced vital capacity, 39.66% +/- 15.42% versus 31.85% +/- 11.65% (P = .016); forced expiratory volume in the first second, 44.8% +/- 16.18% versus 35.97% +/- 13.32% (P = .013); maximum voluntary ventilation, 39.40% +/- 13.57% versus 33.11% +/- 14.80% (P = .056); and expiratory flow rate, 47.76% +/- 24.61% versus 37.37% +/- 4.33% (P = .031). The visual analog pain scores at rest and during coughing at time intervals of 6, 12, 24, and 36 hours postoperatively showed significantly better results in group 1 compared with group 2. The total dose of fentanyl citrate required intraoperatively was significantly less in group 1 (P = .00). One patient in group 1 had a low respiratory rate, which responded to injection naloxone. There was no mortality or neurological complication in either group. CONCLUSION Intrathecal morphine provided superior quality of analgesia that translated into better maintenance of postoperative lung volume determined by spirometry. This analgesic method also facilitated earlier tracheal extubation without any major respiratory or neurologic complications.
Information Loss in Binomial Data Due to Data Compression

This paper explores the idea of information loss through data compression, as occurs in the course of any data analysis, illustrated via detailed consideration of the Binomial distribution. We examine situations where the full sequence of binomial outcomes is retained, situations where only the total number of successes is retained, and in-between situations. We show that a familiar decomposition of the Shannon entropy H can be rewritten as a decomposition into H t o t a l , H l o s t , and H c o m p , or the total, lost and compressed (remaining) components, respectively. We relate this new decomposition to Landauer’s principle, and we discuss some implications for the “information-dynamic” theory being developed in connection with our broader program to develop a measure of statistical evidence on a properly calibrated scale.
Heteroxenous Coccidia (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) in the Populations of Their Final and Intermediate Hosts: European Buzzard and Small Mammals

Factors influencing prevalences of heteroxenous coccidia in the populations of small mammals and buzzards (Buteo buteo) were studied in the Czech Republic. Seventy one percent of buzzard broods were positive for Frenkelia-like sporocysts. Prevalence increased with nestling age and number, and reached 100% at nest desertion. The prevalences of brain sarcosporidia (Frenkelia glareoli and F. microti) in rodents were higher in ecotones than in open habitats, in spring than in autumn, in heavier individuals, and on 2nd and 3rd day of trapping. These factors were significant although the overall prevalence was different in different host species (Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus arvalis, Apodemus flavicollis, A. sylvaticus). The prevalences of muscle sarcosporidia in rodents and Sorex araneus were also positively influenced by habitat and host weight, while only for M. arvalis was the prevalence higher in spring. Host sex, locality and year did not show any effects on the prevalences. Besides two Frenkelia species, five Sarcocystis species were found (S. putorii, S. cernae, S. cf sebeki, and two undescribed species from C. glareolus and Sorex araneus). Natural infections of C. glareolus with F. microti and of A. flavicollis with F. glareoli are reported for the first time. Our study demonstrates that prevalences of brain and muscle sarcosporidians in small mammals are influenced by similar factors (intermediate host habitat and age) in different host-parasite combinations.
Image interpolation with directionlets

We present a novel directionally adaptive image interpolation based on a multiple-direction wavelet transform, called directionlets. The algorithm uses directionlets to efficiently capture directional features and to extract edge information along different directions from the low-resolution image. Then, the high-resolution image is generated using this information to preserve sharpness of details. Our interpolation algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of both numeric and visual quality of the interpolated image.
Using Speech Annotation for Home Digital Image Indexing and Retrieval

We present in this paper a system for image indexing and retrieval through speech annotation made directly on a digital camera. The annotations are based on a pre-defined structured syntax and transcribed by an automatic speech recognition engine. N-best lists are incorporated in the index generation and query expansion process to introduce probabilistic model and compensate recognition errors. We also apply a practical noise cancellation algorithm to enhance the speech signal collected directly through the built-in microphone on a digital camera. Experiments show that by utilizing automatic query expansion and noise cancellation together, the overall system performance improve significantly to be comparable to the lab environment collected data. Key-Words: Speech Recognition, Speech Signal Processing, Spoken Document Retrieval, Image Retrieval
Role of visual word-recognition checks in children's spelling

Abstract Two experiments were carried out to test the idea that children use visual word-recognition knowledge to check for errors in spellings generated by phoneme-letter correspondence rules. Experiment 1 compared oral spelling performance with written spelling performance for words varying in frequency. Word-recognition checks were assumed to be possible for written spelling, but not for oral spelling. However, there was found to be no difference in accuracy between the two modes of spelling for words of any frequency. Experiment 2 compared oral and written spelling using a more sensitive repeated-measures design. Although written spelling was found to be better than oral spelling, this effect was present for words the children could not read as well as for those they could. Furthermore, spontaneous self-corrections during spelling were found to be uncommon and to be equally frequent for oral and written spelling. Both experiments therefore failed to find support for a word-recognition checking strategy.
A Road Safety Evaluation Method Based on Clustering Neural Network

Traffic accident records data mining is very important to understand why traffic accidents occurred frequently under some driving, environment, and vehicle conditions. There are many reasons can lead to accident, and their relationships are complex, it is very difficult to build a correct evaluation model. To overcome this problem, statistical models such as neural network, fuzzy logic, decision tree etc. have been widely used on such accident data to analyze road crashes. In this paper we present a road safety evaluation method based on the clustering neural network. This method first learn the history data, after it is stable, it can be used to evaluate the road safety. The experimental results prove that this method is effective.
La santé par l'éducation

La conception d’une »sante par l’education » tend a valoriser la place de la personne humaine face a des systemes de sante, dans lesquels la technologie et l’economie sont devenus les principaux acteurs. Cette conception, prenant appui sur les travaux de Patrick Tort, affirme que la vie de l’etre humain serait directement liee a sa capacite a s’eduquer. Elle propose que la personne par un travail d’evaluation sur elle-meme et sur son environnement apprenne a developper sa capacite de questionnement. C’est par la connaissance de soi que l’education favorise la responsabilisation et une meilleure adaptation dans la societe. La sante c’est, alors, la capacite a vivre et a trouver du sens a vivre. Cette conception a donne son nom et sert de reference a un projet de developpement de la Sante en Afrique francophone.
The Principalship in an Era of Transformation

Draws on the analyses presented in the other articles in the Journal of Educational Administration Vol. 30 No. 3 to identify emergent themes concerning the evolving role of the principal in several countries. Focuses especially on the manner in which the policy context of educational organizations is leading to a decentralization of management and the resulting impact on the administrative practice of principals. Finally, suggests some of the implications of these changes for the preparation and development of principals.