Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drug Nano-particle: A Release Kinetics

Depression is estimated to affect nearly 340 million people worldwide and 18 million people in the US at any given time making it the third most costly and disabling illness in the US. Duloxetine hydrochloride is one of the main antidepressant used as a selective serotonin and nor epinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SSNRI) for oral administration. As it works on central nervous system (CNS), drug should be more available to the cells. To increase the efficacy and solubility drug can be formulated with polymers using nano particle as a drug carriers. In this work we propose and analyzed different approaches to study measuring the size of nano particle and effect of these nano particles on the in vitro kinetics dissolution behavior. The drug obeyed the beers law over the range of 5-50 μg/ml at λmax 230 nm. Drug with PEG 4000 in 6.8 phosphate buffer is proposed good discriminative dissolution media for Duloxitine hydrochloride delayed release formulation. The quantization of drug release studied by UV-Spectrophotometer at 230 nm. Nano particle size and morphology are determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). By fitting the dissolution data in various kinetic models find out delayed release formulation of Duloxitine hydrochloride obey the Higuchi model kinetics having linearity range 0.99 and release component ‘n’ obtain by the Korsmyer Pappas model indicate release mechanism followed by the anomalous diffusion process.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome Associated With Zika Virus Infection in Martinique in 2016: A Prospective Study.

Background Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has been reported to be associated with Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in case reports and retrospective studies, mostly on the basis of serological tests, with the problematic cross-reacting antibodies of the Flavivirus genus. Some GBS cases do not exhibit a high level of diagnostic certainty. This prospective study aimed to describe the clinical profiles and the frequency of GBS associated with ZIKV during the ZIKV outbreak in Martinique in 2016. Methods We recorded prospective data from GBS meeting levels 1 or 2 of diagnostic certainty for the Brighton Collaboration, with proof of recent ZIKV infection and negative screening for etiologies of GBS. Results Of the sample of 34 patients with suspected GBS during the outbreak, 30 had a proven presence of GBS, and 23 had a recent ZIKV infection. The estimated GBS incidence rate ratio (2016 vs 2006-2015) was 4.52 (95% confidence interval, 2.80-7.64; P = .0001). Recent ZIKV infection was confirmed by urine reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis in 17 cases and by serology in 6 cases. Patients, 65% of whom were male, had a median age of 61 years (interquartile range, 56-71 years) and experienced severe GBS. Electrophysiological tests were consistent with the primary demyelinating form of the disease. Conclusions ZIKV infection is usually benign, when symptomatic, but in countries at risk of ZIKV epidemics, adequate intensive care bed capacity is required for management of severe GBS cases. Arbovirus RNA detection by RT-PCR should be part of the management of GBS cases.
Current and Investigational Medication Delivery Systems for Treating Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

OBJECTIVE To review currently available formulations and emphasize unmet needs in the pharmacologic management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). DATA SOURCES Publications and clinical trials were identified through PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov, respectively. A Web-based search identified prescribing information for approved agents for treating ADHD, along with relevant guidelines and diagnostic criteria. STUDY SELECTION The following search terms were used: (1) ADHD or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or ADD or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and/or (2) amphetamine or methylphenidate or atomoxetine or guanfacine or clonidine. Additional searches were performed using product brand names, and clinical trial was applied as a filter. Relevant studies were only included if published in English-language peer-reviewed journals and if involved agents were currently available (or pursuing approval) in the United States. Reviews of literature prior to 2005 and from 2005 to 2008 have been published previously; therefore, the present search focused on studies published from January 2009 through May 2016. In addition, reference lists of review articles and relevant studies were also examined to help identify additional studies. DATA EXTRACTION A total of 578 publications were identified from the PubMed search, from which 426 publications were initially excluded based on review of the title and abstract. Reasons for exclusion included a focus on comorbid disorders, specific subpopulations, endpoints unrelated to improving ADHD symptomatology (eg, executive function, cognition, substance use), or quality of life measures. A more thorough assessment of the remaining citations, including publications and prescribing information, produced the final 219. RESULTS Pharmacotherapy with stimulant and nonstimulant options is the most common approach for treating ADHD in adults and children. Stimulants are mostly formulated as either tablets or capsules; however, the newer generation includes transdermal patches, oral suspensions (liquids), chewable tablets, and orally disintegrating tablets. Nonstimulants are available in oral capsule (atomoxetine) and tablet (guanfacine and clonidine) formulations. CONCLUSIONS Despite the broad range of treatment options currently available, nonadherence remains a significant problem in ADHD. While evidence is currently lacking, the availability of new formulations may improve adherence.
Fluorescence lifetime imaging of DAPI‐stained nuclei as a novel diagnostic tool for the detection and classification of B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia

B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B‐CLL) and B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B‐ALL) are the most common type of leukaemia in adults and children, respectively. Today, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the standard for detecting chromosomal aberrations that reflect adverse and favorable outcome. This study revealed a new, simple, and fast diagnostic tool to detect pathological cells by measuring and imaging the fluorescence lifetime (FLT) using FLT imaging microscopy (FLIM) of the peripheral blood (PB) cells of B‐CLL samples that were labeled with the DNA binder, DAPI. The FLT of DAPI in healthy individuals was found to be 2.66 ± 0.12 ns. In contrast, PB cells of B‐CLL and BM cells of B‐ALL patients were characterized by a specific group distribution of the FLT values. The FLT of DAPI was divided into four subgroups, relative to 2.66 ns: short+, normal, prolonged, and prolonged+. These alterations could be related to different chromatin arrangements of B‐CLL and B‐ALL interphase nuclei. Notably, extremely long FLT of nuclear DAPI correlate with the presence of extra chromosome 12, while moderate increases compared to normal characterize the deletion of p53. Such correlations potentially enable a FLT‐based rapid automatic diagnosis and classification of B‐CLL even when the frequency of genetic and chromosomal abnormalities is low. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
TSF3D: MSV-Driven Power Optimization for Application-Specific 3D Network-on-Chip

Power consumption has become one of the major challenges in current chip design. One effective low power technology, multiple supply voltages (MSVs), has succeeded in 2D network-on-chip (NoC) design. However, few researches considered the MSV in 3D NoC, especially application-specific 3D NoC. In this paper, a complete three-stage synthesis flow for MSV-driven application-specific 3D NoC is proposed, which involves all the issues of layer assignment, voltage level assignment, 3D NoC synthesis, floorplanning, and post-floorplanning adjustment. First, a unified model is presented considering both layer assignment and voltage level assignment, which achieves the best tradeoff between core power and communication power. After that, a 3D NoC synthesis method is proposed to assign network components (NCs) to each layer and generate interlayer connections while a two-stage floorplanning algorithm is used to determine the positions of both cores and NCs. Finally, a novel transitive closure graph-based post-floorplanning repacking algorithm is applied to further reduce the communication power without changing much of the floorplan. Experimental results show that the proposed method is very effective. Compared to traditional 3D NoC, the proposed method can reduce the core power by about 33.6%; compared to MSV-driven 2D NoC, the proposed method can reduce the communication power by about 52.6%.
Promoting Engagement With a Digital Health Intervention (HeLP-Diabetes) Using Email and Text Message Prompts: Mixed-Methods Study

Background Engagement with digital health interventions (DHIs) may be regarded as a prerequisite for the intervention to achieve positive health or behavior change outcomes. One method employed to promote engagement is the use of prompts such as emails and text messages. However, little is known about the characteristics of prompts that promote engagement. This study explored the association between the content and delivery mode of prompts and the users’ engagement with HeLP-Diabetes (Healthy Living for People with type 2 Diabetes), a DHI that aimed to promote self-management in adults with type 2 diabetes. Objective The objective of this study was to identify the characteristics of prompts, specifically the content and delivery mode, which were associated with increased engagement. Methods This was a mixed-methods study. Email and text message prompts were sent to the registered users of HeLP-Diabetes. Use of the intervention was recorded and examined to identify which email and text message prompts were associated with subsequent visits to the DHI. Characteristics of prompts that were identified as particularly effective or ineffective were explored through think-aloud interviews with the participants. Results Of a total of 39 email prompts, 49% (19/39) prompts showed a significant association with subsequent visits to the DHI. However, none of the text message prompts were associated with subsequent visits to the DHI. Furthermore, think-aloud interviews were carried out with 6 experienced participants with type 2 diabetes. The findings suggest that these participants preferred email prompts that were clear, relatively short, and empowering; used nondirective advice; included health professional references; were visually appealing; and contained news and updates. Conclusions The findings of this study contribute to the existing evidence supporting the role of email prompts in promoting and maintaining engagement with DHIs. This study described the content of prompts that may be engaging. However, the results should be interpreted with caution, as prompts may be context-specific interventions and the results may not be generalizable across other DHIs or other types of interventions targeting self-management of type 2 diabetes.
A prospective observational study to investigate utility of the Delirium Observational Screening Scale (DOSS) to detect delirium in care home residents

Background care home residents are particularly at risk of delirium due to high prevalence of dementia. The Delirium Observation Screening Scale (DOSS) identifies behavioural changes associated delirium onset that nursing staff are uniquely placed to recognise. We tested the psychometric properties of the DOSS in UK care homes compared with the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). Design prospective observational cohort study performed between 1 March 2015 and 30 June 2016. Setting nine UK residential and nursing care homes. Subjects residents over 65 years except those approaching end of life or unable to complete delirium assessments. Methods the 25-item DOSS was completed daily by care home staff and compared with the temporally closest CAM performed twice per week by trained researchers. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, diagnostic odds and likelihood ratios were calculated. Results 216 residents participated; mean age 84.9 (SD 7.9); 50% had cognitive impairment (median AMTS 7 (IQR 3-9)). Half of all expected DOSS assessments occurred (30,201); of these, 11,659 (39%) were complete. 78 positive CAM measurements were made during 71 delirium episodes in 45 residents over 70 weeks. Sensitivity and specificity for delirium detection were optimised at a DOSS cut point of ≥5 (sensitivity 0.61 (95% CI: 0.39-0.80) and specificity (0.71 95% CI: 0.70-0.73)). Positive and negative predictive values were 1.6 and 99.5%, respectively. Conclusions the low sensitivity of the DOSS limits clinical utility for detection of delirium as part of routine care for care home residents, although a negative DOSS affords confidence that delirium is not present.
N-Acetylcysteine Compared to Metformin, Improves The Expression Profile of Growth Differentiation Factor-9 and Receptor Tyrosine Kinase c-Kit in The Oocytes of Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Background Paracrine disruption of growth factors in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) results in production of low quality oocyte, especially following ovulation induction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of metformin (MET), N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and their combination on the hormonal levels and expres- sion profile of GDF-9, BMP-15 and c-kit, as hallmarks of oocyte quality, in PCOS patients. Materials and Methods This prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial aims to study the effects of MET, NAC and their combination (MET+NAC) on expression of GDF-9, BMP-15 and c-kit mRNA in oocytes [10 at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage, 10 at the MI stage, and 10 at the MII stage from per group] derived following ovulation induction in PCOS. Treatment was carried out for six weeks, starting on the third day of previous cycle until oocyte aspiration. The expression of GDF9, BMP15 and c-kit were determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA. Results The follicular fluid (FF) level of c-kit protein significantly decreased in the NAC group compared to the other groups. Significant correlations were observed between the FF soluble c-kit protein with FF volume, androstenedione and estradiol. The GDF-9 expression in unfertilized mature oocytes were significantly higher in the NAC group com- pared to the other groups (P<0.001). Similar difference was not observed between the MET, NAC+MET and control groups. The c-kit expression in unfertilized mature oocytes were significantly lower in the NAC group compared to the other groups (P<0.001). Similar difference was not observed between the MET, NAC+MET and control groups (Registration number: IRCT201204159476N1). Conclusion We concluded that NAC can improve the quality of oocytes in PCOS.
A significant decrease in diagnosis of primary progressive multiple sclerosis: A cohort study

Background: Several reports indicate changes to prevalence, incidence, female-to-male ratio in multiple sclerosis. Diagnostic criteria, course definitions and clinical management of the disease have also undergone change during the recent decades. Objective: To investigate temporal trends in the diagnosis of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) in Sweden. Methods: Through the Swedish MS registry we investigated the proportion of PPMS diagnosis in birth, diagnosis and age period cohorts using Poisson regression. Results: A total of 16,915 patients were categorised into six birth-cohorts from 1946 to 1975 and seven date-of-diagnosis-cohorts from 1980 to 2014. We observed a decrease in the uncorrected analysis of diagnosis of PPMS from 19.2% to 2.2% and an average decrease of 23% (p < 0.001) per 5-year birth-cohort in the adjusted analysis. An average 21% (p < 0.001) decrease per diagnosis-cohort was seen. In the age-specific diagnosis period cohorts the same decreasing trend of PPMS diagnosis was observed in almost all groups. Conclusion: The diagnosis of PPMS has significantly decreased in Sweden specifically after introduction of disease-modifying treatments. Such decrease can have severe impacts on the future research on PPMS. Our data also suggest that the current trend to emphasise presence or absence of inflammatory activity is already reflected in clinical practice.
Differences in the Immune Microenvironment of Anal Cancer Precursors by HIV Status and Association With Ablation Outcomes

Background Anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) are the precursors to anal cancer and frequently persist or recur following electrocautery ablation (EA). Impaired mucosal immunity may facilitate anal carcinogenesis. We characterized the immune microenvironment of anal HSILs in correlation with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serostatus and ablation outcomes. Methods Using immunohistochemistry, mucosa-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes were quantified in HSILs and benign mucosa from 70 HIV+ and 45 HIV- patients. Clinicopathological parameters were compared. Results Anal HSILs harbored more T lymphocytes than benign mucosa regardless of HIV status (P ≤ .03). Total T lymphocyte count and CD8+ subset were significantly higher in HIV+ HSILs versus HIV- HSILs (median cell count, 71 vs 47; 47 vs 22/high power field [HPF]; P < .001), whereas the CD4+ subset was comparable between groups (median, 24 vs. 25; P = .40). Post EA, HSILs persisted in 41% of HIV+ and 19% of HIV- patients (P = .04). Unadjusted analysis showed trends toward EA failures associated with HIV seropositivity (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 2.0; 95% CI, .8-4.9) and increased CD8+ cells (IRR, 2.3; 95% CI, .9-5.3). Conclusions Human immunodeficiency virus is associated with alterations of the immune microenvironment of anal HSILs manifested by increased local lymphocytic infiltrates, predominately CD8+. Human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity and excess mucosa-infiltrating CD8+ cells may be associated with ablation resistance.
A Stimulus Artifact Removal Technique for SEMG Signal Processing During Functional Electrical Stimulation

Goal: The purpose of this study was to design a method for extracting the volitional EMG from recorded surface electromyography (EMG), contaminated by functional electrical stimulation (FES) artifact. Methods: Considering that the FES artifact emerges periodically with rather large amplitude in nonstationary EMG, we designed an adaptive-matched filter (AMF) via genetic algorithm (GA) optimization. Both the simulated and real data from seven subjects were processed, using the GA-AMF filter and comb filter, respectively. To test the filtering effect on the EMG, contaminated with FES artifact of different current intensities, the contaminated EMG was simulated by combining the simulation artifact and clean EMG with various FES artifacts to clean EMG ratios. Results: The results show that, in simulation test, compared to the EMG filtered by comb filter, the simulated EMG ( p <; 0.05), filtered by using GA-AMF, had significantly higher correlation coefficient, higher signal to noise ratio, and lower normalized root mean square error, whereas the real EMG (p <; 0.05), filtered by using GA-AMF had higher power reduction than that filtered by using comb filter. The results indicate that GA-AMF can effectively remove FES artifact from the EMG of the stimulated muscle and its adjacent muscle, and the GA-AMF filter performed better than did the comb filter. Conclusion: All these results demonstrate that the GA-AMF filter is capable of extracting volitional EMG from the stimulated muscle and adjacent muscles. Significance: GA-AMF could provide technical support for improving EMG feedback control of FES rehabilitation system.
Adherence to Report and Patient Perception of an Interactive App for Managing Symptoms During Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Descriptive Study of Logged and Interview Data

Background Patients undergoing radiotherapy for prostate cancer experience symptoms related to both the cancer itself and its treatment, and it is evident that patients with prostate cancer have unmet supportive care needs related to their disease. Over the past decade, there has been an increase in the amount of research within the field of mobile health and the use of apps as tools for managing illness. The main challenge is to develop a mobile technology to its full potential of being interactive in real time. The interactive app Interaktor, which aims to identify and manage symptoms in real time includes (1) a function for patients’ assessment of the occurrence, frequency, and distress of symptoms; (2) a connection to a monitoring Web interface; (3) a risk assessment model that sends alerts via text message to health care providers; (4) continuous access to evidence-based self-care advice and links to relevant websites for more information; and (5) graphs for the patients and health care providers to view the history of symptom reporting. Objective The aim of the study was to investigate user behavior, adherence to reporting, and the patients’ experiences of using Interaktor during radiotherapy for localized advanced prostate cancer. Methods The patients were instructed to report daily during the time of treatment and then for an additional 3 weeks. Logged data from patients’ use of the app were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Interview data about experiences of using the app were analyzed with content analysis. Results A total of 66 patients participated in the study. Logged data showed that adherence to daily reporting of symptoms was high (87%). The patients used all the symptoms included in the app. Of the reports, 15.6% generated alerts to the health care providers. Overall, the patients found that it was easy and not particularly time-consuming to send a daily report, and many described it as becoming a routine. Reporting symptoms facilitated reflection on their symptoms and gave them a sense of security. Few technological problems were reported. Conclusions The use of Interaktor increased patients’ sense of security and their reflections on their own well-being and thereby served as a supportive tool for the self-management of symptoms during treatment of prostate cancer. Some further development of the app’s content might be beneficial for future use.
Biomarkers for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis: a literature review

Abstract Sepsis is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in neonatal populations. There has been constant search of an ideal sepsis biomarker that have high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), so that both the diagnosis and exclusion of neonatal sepsis can be made at the earliest possible and appropriate antibiotics can be started to neonate. Ideal sepsis biomarker will help in guiding us when not to start antibiotics in case of suspect sepsis and total duration of antibiotics course in case of proven sepsis. There are numerous sepsis biomarkers that have been evaluated for early detection of neonatal sepsis but till date there is no single ideal biomarker that fulfills all essential criteria’s for being an ideal biomarker. The most commonly used biomarkers are C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT), but both have shown varied sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV in different studies. We conducted literature search for various neonatal sepsis biomarkers and this review article will cover briefly all the markers with current available evidence.