Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Marmoset monkeys evaluate third-party reciprocity

Many non-human primates have been observed to reciprocate and to understand reciprocity in one-to-one social exchanges. A recent study demonstrated that capuchin monkeys are sensitive to both third-party reciprocity and violation of reciprocity; however, whether this sensitivity is a function of general intelligence, evidenced by their larger brain size relative to other primates, remains unclear. We hypothesized that highly pro-social primates, even with a relatively smaller brain, would be sensitive to others' reciprocity. Here, we show that common marmosets discriminated between human actors who reciprocated in social exchanges with others and those who did not. Monkeys accepted rewards less frequently from non-reciprocators than they did from reciprocators when the non-reciprocators had retained all food items, but they accepted rewards from both actors equally when they had observed reciprocal exchange between the actors. These results suggest that mechanisms to detect unfair reciprocity in third-party social exchanges do not require domain-general higher cognitive ability based on proportionally larger brains, but rather emerge from the cooperative and pro-social tendencies of species, and thereby suggest this ability evolved in multiple primate lineages.
Selectively Stimulating Skin Receptors for Tactile Display

Research in virtual reality has recognized the need for more realistic tactile display in addition to touch and non-touch display and force display. We propose a method of selectively stimulating only superficial mechanoreceptors. We show that it makes people feel a more realistic, finer virtual texture than possible by adjusting the stimulator spacing. The apparatus is simple and we expect this idea to develop into a device to display varieties of tactile feeling.
REST-FRAME OPTICAL SPECTRA OF THREE STRONGLY LENSED GALAXIES AT z ∼ 2

We present Keck II NIRSPEC rest-frame optical spectra for three recently discovered lensed galaxies: the Cosmic Horseshoe (z = 2.38), the Clone (z = 2.00), and SDSS J090122.37+181432.3 (z = 2.26). The boost in signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) from gravitational lensing provides an unusually detailed view of the physical conditions in these objects. A full complement of high S/N rest-frame optical emission lines is measured, spanning from rest frame 3600 to 6800 Å, including robust detections of fainter lines such as Hγ, [S ii]λ6717,6732, and in one instance [Ne iii]λ3869. SDSS J090122.37+181432.3 shows evidence for active galactic nucleus activity, and therefore we focus our analysis on star-forming regions in the Cosmic Horseshoe and the Clone. For these two objects, we estimate a wide range of physical properties. Current lensing models for the Cosmic Horseshoe and the Clone allow us to correct the measured Hα luminosity and calculated star formation rate. Metallicities have been estimated with a variety of indicators, which span a range of values of 12+ log(O/H) = 8.3–8.8, between ∼0.4 and ∼1.5 of the solar oxygen abundance. Dynamical masses were computed from the Hα velocity dispersions and measured half-light radii of the reconstructed sources. A comparison of the Balmer lines enabled measurement of dust reddening coefficients. Variations in the line ratios between the different lensed images are also observed, indicating that the spectra are probing different regions of the lensed galaxies. In all respects, the lensed objects appear fairly typical of ultraviolet-selected star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 2. The Clone occupies a position on the emission-line diagnostic diagram of [O iii]/Hβ versus [N ii]/Hα that is offset from the locations of z ∼ 0 galaxies. Our new NIRSPEC measurements may provide quantitative insights into why high-redshift objects display such properties. From the [S ii] line ratio, high electron densities (∼1000 cm−3) are inferred compared to local galaxies, and [O iii]/[O ii] line ratios indicate higher ionization parameters compared to the local population. Building on previous similar results at z ∼ 2, these measurements provide further evidence (at high S/N) that star-forming regions are significantly different in high-redshift galaxies, compared to their local counterparts.
Temperature Dependence of IP 3-Mediated Local and Global Ca 2 D Signals

We examined the effect of temperature (12–40 C) on local and global Ca2þ signals mediated by inositol trisphosphate receptor/channels (IP3R) in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. The amplitudes and spatial spread of local signals arising from single IP3R (blips) and clusters of IP3R (puffs) showed little temperature dependence, whereas their kinetics (durations and latencies) were markedly accelerated by increasing temperature. In contrast, the amplitude of global Ca2þ waves increased appreciably at lower temperatures, probably as a result of the longer duration of IP3R channel opening. Several parameters, including puff and blip durations, puff latency and frequency, and frequency of repetitive Ca2þ waves, showed a biphasic temperature dependence on Arrhenius plots. In all cases the transition temperature occurred at ~25 C, possibly reflecting a phase transition in the lipids of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Although the IP3-evoked Ca 2þ signals were qualitatively similar at 25 C and 36 C, one should consider the temperature sensitivity of IP3-mediated signal amplitudes when extrapolating from room temperature to physiological temperature. Conversely, further cooling may be advantageous to improve the optical resolution of channel gating kinetics.
A Volunteer Computing in High Performance Environment Based on Availability Model

Volunteer computing is a form of distributed computing in which the general public volunteers processing and storage to scientific research projects. This paper proposes a novel approach based on Hurst's rescaled range analysis and fractal theory for time series are applied to study the deformation fractal characteristics of the volunteer computing for HPC project. It is found that the volunteer may be regarded as a non linear dynamic system and the fractal dimension can be used to describe the dynamic variation characteristics of the whole platform and applied to diagnose the probable problem of the node's availability. The approach has been implemented and validated on a platform XtremWeb.
Bid‐Ask Spreads, Volume, and Volatility: Evidence from Livestock Markets

Using literature-based measures and a modified Bayesian method specified here, we estimate liquidity costs and their determinants for the live cattle and hog futures markets. Volume and volatility are simultaneously determined and significantly related to the bid-ask spread. Daily volume is negatively related to the spread while volatility and average volume per transaction display positive relationships. Electronic trading has a significant competitive effect on liquidity costs, particularly in the live cattle market. Results are sensitive to the bid-ask spread measure, with our modified Bayesian method providing estimates most consistent with expectations and the competitive structure in these markets. Copyright 2010, Oxford University Press.
Syncope and recurrent ventricular tachycardia with a newly identified desmosomal gene mutation

Ventricular arrhythmias in young people most commonly occur due to the presence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, long QT syndrome or Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. We present a case in which the patient had exercise induced syncopal spells and was found to have ventricular tachycardia (VT) during both exercise stress testing and an electrophysiology study. Further genetic studies showed a previously unseen desmosomal gene mutation confirming the presence of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC).
Differential induction of 'metabolic genes' after mitogen stimulation and during normal cell cycle progression.

Mitogenic stimulation of quiescent cells not only triggers the cell division cycle but also induces an increase in cell volume, associated with an activation of cellular metabolism. It is therefore likely that genes encoding enzymes and other proteins involved in energy metabolism and biosynthetic pathways represent a major class of mitogen-induced genes. In the present study, we investigated in the non-established human fibroblast line WI-38 the induction by mitogens of 17 genes whose products play a role in different metabolic processes. We show that these genes fall into 4 different categories, i.e. non-induced genes, immediate early (IE) primary genes, delayed early (DE) secondary genes and late genes reaching peak levels in S-phase. In addition, we have analysed the regulation of these genes during normal cell cycle progression, using HL-60 cells separated by counterflow elutriation. A clear cell cycle regulation was seen with those genes that are induced in S-phase, i.e. thymidine kinase, thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase. In addition, two DE genes showed a cell cycle dependent expression. Ornithine decarboxylase mRNA increased around mid-G1, reaching maximum levels in S/G2, while hexokinase mRNA expression was highest in early G1. In contrast, the expression of other DE and IE genes did not fluctuate during the cell cycle, a result that was confirmed with elutriated WI-38 and serum-stimulated HL-60 cells. These observations suggest that G0-->S and G1-->S transition are distinct processes, exhibiting characteristic programmes of gene regulation, and merging around S-phase entry.
Relationships among TQM , TPM and JIT and Performance

In order to investigates the relationships among TPM (Total Productive Maintenance), TQM (Total Quality Management) and JIT (Just-in-Time), as well as the impact of implementation JIT on the company’s performance, this study builds up the conceptual model based on literature review and conducts a survey of 118 manufacturing companies in the Pearl River Delta region of China by questionnaires. It shows that (1) there is a strong relationship between TPM and TQM. Both TPM and TQM effects on JIT directly; (2) JIT can improve operational performance; (3) JIT impacts the financial performance through operational performance. Hence, the Chinese manufacturing enterprises may improve performance through JIT, before which, they can implement TQM and TPM first, to achieve higher performance.
Inverted file search algorithms for collaborative filtering

This paper explores the possibility of using a disk based inverted file structure for collaborative filtering. Our hypothesis is that this allows for faster calculation of predictions and also that early termination heuristics may be used to further speed up the filtering process and perhaps even improve the quality of the predictions. In an experiment on the EachMovie dataset this was tested. Our results indicate that searching the inverted file structure is many times faster than general in-memory vector search, even for very large profiles. The Continue termination heuristics produces the best ranked predictions in our experiments, and Quit is the top performer in terms of speed.
Multi-cell coordination in Cloud RAN: Architecture and optimization

Coordination between neighboring cells is intended to be implemented in future mobile networks, since it promises significant performance gains. Despite low-latency cooperation made possible by Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RAN), practical feasibility and improvements brought to a real system were still to be evaluated. We define in this paper an architecture based on the abstraction and scalability provided by Software Defined Networking (SDN) enabling multi-cell coordination both on the uplink and downlink. We also evaluate gains offered by the proposed coordination algorithms under practical conditions. The described proof-of-concept platform shows not only why multi-cell cooperation is useful, but also how to make it happen.
Image Processing of 2-Dimensional Barcode

QR (Quick Response) codes are frequently used with progress of the Internet and introducing the QR decoding function in the cellular phone. A bar code shows an individual identification number (ID) by this number fundamentally. As the amount of information encoded by one-dimensional bar codes is limited, two-dimensional bar codes have been developed. This paper presents the dotted picture or image multiplexing method over the QR coding and the evaluation of the redundancy characteristics of the QR coding. Then, the animation method of image QR code is presented. The prototype of the QR Editor for making the QR code with the dotted pictures or image has been developed and the dotted pictures reading characteristics are confirmed by the cellular phone barcode reader.
The impact of anxiety upon cognition: perspectives from human threat of shock studies

Anxiety disorders constitute a sizeable worldwide health burden with profound social and economic consequences. The symptoms are wide-ranging; from hyperarousal to difficulties with concentrating. This latter effect falls under the broad category of altered cognitive performance which is the focus of this review. Specifically, we examine the interaction between anxiety and cognition focusing on the translational threat of unpredictable shock paradigm; a method previously used to characterize emotional responses and defensive mechanisms that is now emerging as valuable tool for examining the interaction between anxiety and cognition. In particular, we compare the impact of threat of shock on cognition in humans to that of pathological anxiety disorders. We highlight that both threat of shock and anxiety disorders promote mechanisms associated with harm avoidance across multiple levels of cognition (from perception to attention to learning and executive function)—a “hot” cognitive function which can be both adaptive and maladaptive depending upon the circumstances. This mechanism comes at a cost to other functions such as working memory, but leaves some functions, such as planning, unperturbed. We also highlight a number of cognitive effects that differ across anxiety disorders and threat of shock. These discrepant effects are largely seen in “cold” cognitive functions involving control mechanisms and may reveal boundaries between adaptive (e.g., response to threat) and maladaptive (e.g., pathological) anxiety. We conclude by raising a number of unresolved questions regarding the role of anxiety in cognition that may provide fruitful avenues for future research.
IDENTIFIKASI BAKAT ISTIMEWA PANAHAN DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi atlet yang memiliki bakat pada cabang olahraga panahan di Kabupaten Sleman pada usia 7-12 tahun tahun. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode survei dan teknik pengumpulan data dengan tes dan pengukuran. Populasi penelitian ini melibatkan seluruh atlet panahan usia 7-12 tahun di wilayah Kabupaten Sleman. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 40 anak. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan tes antropometri, tes kemampuan fisik, dan tes kemampuan ketrampilan panahan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dengan persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan atlet panahan di Kabupaten Sleman dalam kategori sangat berbakat sebanyak 5 anak (12,5%), berbakat sebanyak 24 anak (60%), dan cukup berbakat sebanyak 11 anak (27,5%). This study aims to determine the potential of athletes who have talent in archery in Sleman Regency at the age of 7-12 years. It is descriprive quantitative research with survey methods and data were collected through tests and measurements. The population of this study involved all archery athletes at the age of 7-12 years in the Sleman Regency. The sample used in this study was 40 children. The data collection techniques used were anthropometric tests, physical ability tests, and archery skill tests.The data were analysed descriptive qualtitatively using precentages. The results show that there were 5 children (12.5%) categorized as very talented, 24 children (60%) as talented, and 11 children (27.5%) as satisfactorily talented. Keywords : identification, talent, archery
Occurrence and enumeration of predator bacteria , Bdellovibrio , and their prey in plant rhizosphere and soil

Institute of Basic Biological Problems, RAS, Pushchino, Moscow region Russia, 142290, Russia In recent years considerable attention has been given to the functional activity of microbial populations in soil. Bacterial disease of plants is a problem of economic importance in agriculture. The wide use of chemicals against undesirable bacteria in agricultural practices has some drawbacks. Some uses of chemicals, like pesticides, are ecologically dangerous. Others, like antibiotics, may cause the selection of resistant forms with potential for adverse health effects. Therefore, alternative methods of plant protection are required. From this point of view the predator bacteria, Bdellovibrio, which are widely spread in various aquatic and soil ecosystems, are of great interest. The Bdellovibrios are predatory bacteria that prey upon other gram-negative bacteria and play a main role into controlling bacterial balance in the nature. Contact between a plant pathogens and host plant often start bacterial disease. Since contact takes place in the rhizosphere if predators are rhizosphere inhabitants, they might play a role in the control of pathogen densities and in protecting the plant against disease. The objective of this study was to enumerate, isolate and estimate of prey ranges of Bdellovibrio from soil and rhizosphere different plants in garden, hothouse and forest. Enumeration of prey was accomplished by plating, enumeration and isolation of Bdellovibrio was estimated according to the double-layer plague-forming technique. The prey range spectra was estimated by plague-forming technique, in liquid culture and in biofilm. In this study, Bdellovibrio was found in all rhizosphere samples (Froseria, Fabu, Licopersicon), ranging in number from 10 to 10 cells per gram of sample. Bdellovibrio as well as gram-negative prey bacteria are more abundant in the rhizosphere than in soil. Densities of Bdellovibrio in the rhizosphere were 1-2 logs higher than in soil. Their prey spectra included plant pathogens. It was demonstrated that Bdellovibrio multiply in biofilm and using Bdellovibrio for protecting plants from disease may be considered. The results obtained indicate the significance of these findings for a better understanding of the role of bacterial predators in soil and might be beneficial for discussing the possibility of using Bdellovibrio in protecting plants from microbial pathogens.
The intestinal microbiota affect central levels of brain-derived neurotropic factor and behavior in mice.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Alterations in the microbial composition of the gastrointestinal tract (dysbiosis) are believed to contribute to inflammatory and functional bowel disorders and psychiatric comorbidities. We examined whether the intestinal microbiota affects behavior and brain biochemistry in mice. METHODS Specific pathogen-free (SPF) BALB/c mice, with or without subdiaphragmatic vagotomy or chemical sympathectomy, or germ-free BALB/c mice received a mixture of nonabsorbable antimicrobials (neomycin, bacitracin, and pimaricin) in their drinking water for 7 days. Germ-free BALB/c and NIH Swiss mice were colonized with microbiota from SPF NIH Swiss or BALB/c mice. Behavior was evaluated using step-down and light preference tests. Gastrointestinal microbiota were assessed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and sequencing. Gut samples were analyzed by histologic, myeloperoxidase, and cytokine analyses; levels of serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine, and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Administration of oral antimicrobials to SPF mice transiently altered the composition of the microbiota and increased exploratory behavior and hippocampal expression of BDNF. These changes were independent of inflammatory activity, changes in levels of gastrointestinal neurotransmitters, and vagal or sympathetic integrity. Intraperitoneal administration of antimicrobials to SPF mice or oral administration to germ-free mice did not affect behavior. Colonization of germ-free BALB/c mice with microbiota from NIH Swiss mice increased exploratory behavior and hippocampal levels of BDNF, whereas colonization of germ-free NIH Swiss mice with BALB/c microbiota reduced exploratory behavior. CONCLUSIONS The intestinal microbiota influences brain chemistry and behavior independently of the autonomic nervous system, gastrointestinal-specific neurotransmitters, or inflammation. Intestinal dysbiosis might contribute to psychiatric disorders in patients with bowel disorders.
Yaksha: augmenting Kerberos with public key cryptography

The Kerberos authentication system is based on the trusted third-party Needham-Schroeder (1978) authentication protocol. The system is one of the few industry standards for authentication systems and its use is becoming fairly widespread. The system has some limitations, many of which are traceable to the decision of the Kerberos designers to solely use symmetric key cryptosystems. Using asymmetric (public-key) cryptosystems in an authentication protocol would prevent some of the shortcomings. Several such protocols have been proposed and some have been implemented. However, all these designs are either completely different from the Kerberos system, or require major changes to the basic system. Any attempts to improve Kerberos would do so with only minimal impact to the protocol and the source tree. In this work, we describe Yaksha, a new approach to achieving these goals. Yaksha uses as its building block an RSA (Rivest, Shamir & Adelman, 1978) algorithm variant independently invented by Boyd (1989) and by Ganesan and Yacobi (1994), in which the RSA private key is split into two portions. One portion becomes a user's Yaksha password, and the other the Yaksha server's password for that user. Using this simple but useful primitive, we show how we can blend the Kerberos system with a public-key infrastructure to create Yaksha, a more secure version of Kerberos, with minimal changes to the protocol. <<ETX>>
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS WITH VALUE FUNCTION OBJECTIVES

The family of optimization problems with value function objectives includes the minmax programming problem and the bilevel optimization problem. In this paper, we derive necessary optimality conditions for this class of problems. The main focus is on the case where the functions involved are nonsmooth and the constraints are the very general operator constraints.
Hydrotherapy for the Treatment of Pain in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating neurological disease. Several studies have reported that complementary and alternative therapies can have positive effects against pain in these patients. Objective. The objective was to investigate the effectiveness of an Ai-Chi aquatic exercise program against pain and other symptoms in MS patients. Methods. In this randomized controlled trial, 73 MS patients were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group for a 20-week treatment program. The experimental group underwent 40 sessions of Ai-Chi exercise in swimming pool and the control group 40 sessions of abdominal breathing and contraction-relaxation exercises in therapy room. Outcome variables were pain, disability, spasm, depression, fatigue, and autonomy, which were assessed before the intervention and immediately and at 4 and 10 weeks after the last treatment session. Results. The experimental group showed a significant (P < 0.028) and clinically relevant decrease in pain intensity versus baseline, with an immediate posttreatment reduction in median visual analogue scale scores of 50% that was maintained for up to 10 weeks. Significant improvements were also observed in spasm, fatigue, disability, and autonomy. Conclusion. According to these findings, an Ai-Chi aquatic exercise program improves pain, spasms, disability, fatigue, depression, and autonomy in MS patients.