Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Description and control of decoherence in quantum bit systems

The description and control of decoherence of quantum bit systems have become a field of increasing interest during the last decade. We discuss different techniques to estimate and model decoherence sources of solid state quantum bit realizations. At first, we derive a microscopic, perturbation theoretical approach for Lindblad master equations of a spin-Boson model at low temperatures. A different sort of decoherence is investigate by means of the bistable fluctuator model. For this particular but nevertheless for solid state qubits relevant noise source, we present a suitably designed dynamical decoupling method (so-called quantum bang-bang). This works as a high-pass filter, suppressing low frequency parts of the noise most effectively and thus being a promising method to compensate the ubiquituous 1/f noise. Furthermore, we investigate the behaviour of a two coupled spin system exposed to collective and localized bath. For this dressed-spin system we receive by means of scaling-analysis in first order a quantum phase diagram. On that we can identify the various quantum dynamical and entanglement phases.
Elasto-Inertial Focusing Mechanisms of Particles in Shear-Thinning Viscoelastic Fluid in Rectangular Microchannels

Growth of the microfluidics field has triggered numerous advances in focusing and separating microparticles, with such systems rapidly finding applications in biomedical, chemical, and environmental fields. The use of shear-thinning viscoelastic fluids in microfluidic channels is leading to evolution of elasto-inertial focusing. Herein, we showed that the interplay between the elastic and shear-gradient lift forces, as well as the secondary flow transversal drag force that is caused by the non-zero second normal stress difference, lead to different particle focusing patterns in the elasto-inertial regime. Experiments and 3D simulations were performed to study the effects of flowrate, particle size, and the shear-thinning extent of the fluid on the focusing patterns. The Giesekus constitutive equation was used in the simulations to capture the shear-thinning and viscoelastic behaviors of the solution used in the experiments. At low flowrate, with Weissenberg number Wi ~ O(1), both the elastic force and secondary flow effects push particles towards the channel center. However, at a high flowrate, Wi ~ O(10), the elastic force direction is reversed in the central regions. This remarkable behavior of the elastic force, combined with the enhanced shear-gradient lift at the high flowrate, pushes particles away from the channel center. Additionally, a precise prediction of the focusing position can only be made when the shear-thinning extent of the fluid is correctly estimated in the modeling. The shear-thinning also gives rise to the unique behavior of the inertial forces near the channel walls which is linked with the ‘warped’ velocity profile in such fluids.
Variational formulations for the determination of resonant states in scattering problems

Consider the scattering of an acoustic wave by a rigid obstacle. The poles of the analytical continuation of the resolvent operator are called scattering frequencies. On their localization depend the time-decay of the solution and the location of the energy peaks of the steady-state solution.Two methods are proposed to construct explicitly the analytical continuation of the resolvent: the localized finite element method or the coupling between variational formulation and integral representation, which both rely upon the reduction of the exterior Helmholtz problem to a bounded domain. The determination of the scattering frequencies then amounts to solving a nonlinear eigenvalue problem for a completely continuous operator.Then, the expansion of the approximate steady-state solution in the vicinity of a scattering frequency is computed. Numerical results for a simple one-dimensional problem are presented.
Is voice really persuasive? The influence of modality in virtual assistant interactions and two alternative explanations

PurposeVirtual assistants are increasingly used for persuasive purposes, employing the different modalities of voice and text (or a combination of the two). In this study, the authors compare the persuasiveness of voice-and text-based virtual assistants. The authors argue for perceived human-likeness and cognitive load as underlying mechanisms that can explain why voice- and text-based assistants differ in their persuasive potential by suppressing the activation of consumers' persuasion knowledge.Design/methodology/approachA pre-registered online-experiment (n = 450) implemented a text-based and two voice-based (with and without interaction history displayed in text) virtual assistants.FindingsFindings show that, contrary to expectations, a text-based assistant is perceived as more human-like compared to a voice-based assistant (regardless of whether the interaction history is displayed), which in turn positively influences brand attitudes and purchase intention. The authors also find that voice as a communication modality can increase persuasion knowledge by being cognitively more demanding in comparison to text.Practical implicationsSimply using voice as a presumably human cue might not suffice to give virtual assistants a human-like appeal. For the development of virtual assistants, it might be beneficial to actively engage consumers to increase awareness of persuasion.Originality/valueThe current study adds to the emergent research stream considering virtual assistants in explicitly exploring modality differences between voice and text (and a combination of the two) and provides insights into the effects of persuasion coming from virtual assistants.
COSTS ANALYSIS OF SPINAL COLUMN METASTASES SURGICAL TREATMENT

ABSTRACT Introduction End-of-life cancer treatment is associated with substantial healthcare costs. Objective This study aimed to analyze the surgical treatment cost of spinal metastasis and epidural compression patients undergoing surgical treatment. Methods A retrospective cost analysis of 81 patients with spinal metastasis and epidural compression undergoing surgical treatment. Cost evaluation was defined in the following categories: medications, laboratory and imaging tests, nursery, recovery room, intensive care unit, surgical procedure, and consigned material. The cost of pain improvement, functional activity, and survival was also evaluated. Results The total cost of surgical treatment for 81 patients was $3,604,334.26, and the average value for each patient was $44,497.95. The highest costs were related to implants (41.1%), followed by hospitalization (27.3%) and surgical procedure (19.7%). Conclusion The cost of surgical treatment for spinal metastases is one of the most expensive bone complications in cancer patients. The cost of treatment related to outcomes showed differences according to the outcome analyzed. Hospital stay, tests, drugs, and intensive care play an important role in some of the costs related to the specific outcome. Level of Evidence II, Retrospective Study .
The Geometry and Dynamics of Magnetic Monopoles

Systems governed by non-linear differential equations are of fundamental importance in all branches of science, but our understanding of them is still extremely limited. In this book a particular system, describing the interaction of magnetic monopoles, is investigated in detail. The use of new geometrical methods produces a reasonably clear picture of the dynamics for slowly moving monopoles. This picture clarifies the important notion of solitons, which has attracted much attention in recent years. The soliton idea bridges the gap between the concepts of "fields" and "particles, " and is here explored in a fully three-dimensional context. While the background and motivation for the work comes from physics, the presentation is mathematical.This book is interdisciplinary and addresses concerns of theoretical physicists interested in elementary particles or general relativity and mathematicians working in analysis or geometry. The interaction between geometry and physics through non-linear partial differential equations is now at a very exciting stage, and the book is a contribution to this activity.
Molecular Tools to Identify and Characterize Malignant Catarrhal Fever Viruses (MCFV) of Ruminants and Captive Artiodactyla

The family Herpesviridae includes viruses identified in mammals, birds and reptiles. All herpesviruses share a similar structure, consisting of a large linear double-stranded DNA genome surrounded by a proteic icosahedral capsid further contained within a lipidic bilayer envelope. The continuous rise of genetic variability and the evolutionary selective pressure underlie the appearance and consolidation of novel viral strains. This applies also to several gamma(γ)-herpesviruses, whose role as primary pathogen has been often neglected and, among these to newly emerged viruses or virus variants responsible for the development of Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF) or MCF-like disease. The identification of γ-herpesviruses adapted to new zoological hosts requires specific molecular tools for detection and characterization. These viruses can cause MCF in livestock and wild animals, a disease generally sporadic but with serious welfare implications and which, in many cases, leads to death within a few days from the appearance of the clinical signs. In the absence of a vaccine, the first step to improve disease control is based on the improvement of molecular tools to identify and characterize these viruses, their phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary interaction with the host species. A Panherpes PCR-specific test, based on the conserved DNA polymerase gene, employing consensus/degenerate and deoxyinosine-substituted primers followed by sequencing, is still the preferred diagnostic test to confirm and characterize herpesviral infections. The drawback of this test is the amplification of a relatively short sequence, which makes phylogenetic analysis less stringent. Based on these diagnostic requirements, and with a specific focus on γ-herpesviruses, the present review aims to critically analyze the currently available methods to identify and characterize novel MCFV strains, to highlight advantages and drawbacks and to identify the gaps to be filled in order to address research priorities. Possible approaches for improving or further developing these molecular tools are also suggested.
A 1-MV low-jitter high-reliability multi-stage equal breakdown probability gas switch

This paper presents the development of a novel megavolt-class equal breakdown probability (EBP) multi-stage self-discharge gas switch for high power microwave generation with low breakdown jitter and high reliability. With the joint distribution of breakdown probability for ‘n’ identical stages of EBP gas switch, the advantages of diminishing the breakdown jitter and omitting the complex breakdown order problem are hence disclosed in considerable details with the aid of probability computation method. Based on theoretical analysis, a 5 stages 1-MV EBP multi-stage gas switch is designed in which periodic cog profile cathode is proposed to further decrease the breakdown jitter. The performances of EBP switch are tested at the repetition rate of 1,10,20,50 Hz over 1000 successive pulses with breakdown jitter as low as 2.7% ,energy efficiency as high as 90% and pulse rising time as low as 5 ns. The overall performance of EBP gas switch shows great potential in compact and reliable high power microwave generating system.
Design of cosine modulated pseudo QMF bank using modified Dolph-Chebyshev window

In this paper, an improved Dolph-Chebyshev window is developed for designing M-channel cosine-modulated pseudo QMF banks. The Dolph-Chebyshev window is modified by adding third parameter (ρ) which improves the spectral characteristic of the window in terms of smaller ripple ratio and the wider main lobe width. When it is exploited for designing multichannel cosine modulated pseudo QMF banks, the modified Dolph-Chebyshev window gives better performance for lower band as compared to higher band. In addition to this, the modified Dolph-Chebyshev window yields better performance at lower stopband attenuation. When compared to modified Cosh and Kaiser windows, the modified Dolph-Chebyshev window gives better performance in term of computational time (CPU time) and also gives better performance in terms of amplitude distortion (eam) and aliasing distortion (ea) for specific value of stopband attenuation and third parameter.
Dopant gas purity and adsorbent stability

Dopant gases used in ion implantation are poisonous and flammable (hydrides), or toxic and corrosive (fluorides). Almost thirty years ago, adsorbent-based dopant gas delivery systems were developed to reduce the risks associated with handling and using dopant sources in ion implanters. Adsorbent-based gas sources are gas cylinders filled with high surface area porous materials that reversibly adsorb dopant gases inside their pores. These cylinders are considered intrinsically safe as the dopant gases are stored at sub-atmospheric pressures. Today, commercially available adsorbent-based dopant gas delivery systems use either activated carbon in the form of beads or monoliths, or metal organic frameworks (MOFs) sold under the brand ION-X® by NuMat Technologies, Inc. Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a new class of nano-porous materials comprised of organic ligands and metal nodes creating highly uniform crystalline structures. By changing the ligand and metal units used to build MOFs, tens of thousands of structures can be created with custom surface areas, pore sizes, and functionalities. ION-X® MOFs were specifically designed and extensively tested for their dopant gas compatibility, stability, and delivery performance. Gas quality delivered from adsorbed systems are related to the absorbent purity, pore size distribution, and absorbent/absorbate reactivity. In this article ION-X® MOFs characteristics will be described and contrasted to activated carbon. In addition, the gas purity extracted from MOF adsorbents will be compared to high pressure and competitive products to further demonstrate the superior stability and durability of the adsorbents. Graphical abstract
Dispersion of Verdet constant in stress-birefringent silica fibre

The Faraday effect in stress-birefringent silica fibre is discussed theoretically and measured experimentally. In the red and infra-red spectral range, the Verdet constant is found to be VH = 2.0 × 10-35 v2 rad/A, where v is the optical frequency in hertz.
Analysis of the ignition process using a digital image and colour processing technique

An experimental investigation of flame emission properties in the ignition-to-flame propagation process has been conducted. In particular, the phenomenon of ignition delay was analysed through digital image processing and colour analysis. This processing methodology makes use of the observed correlation between a digital colour signal and physical flame emission characteristics in the visible spectrum. Aspects of red, green, blue and hue, saturation, value colour modelling principles were combined to turn a high-speed digital colour camera into an abstract multi-spectral system. Experiments were carried out on both a laboratory-based atmospheric burner and an industrial gas-turbine combustor. In both cases, results have shown that the commonly observed flame colour feature from the soot radiation does not signify the start of combustion reaction but rather a later stage of flame development. Additional weak colour quantities were identified via digital colour image processing in the ignition delay time interval where there were no previous definitive signals to designate the presence of combustion. This colour entity was found to match with the typical digital colour signal output from the stimulation of CH* and C2* radical chemiluminescence emissions.
A Multi-Label Classification Using KNN and FP-Growth Techniques

In this paper we propose a new approach combines KNN method with FP-growth algorithm for identification and modeling existing dependencies between labels (ML-FKNN). We define and develop an algorithm that, first, utilize FP-growth algorithm for generating the association rules to identifies dependencies among the labels, then divides the whole train set into several mutually exclusive subsets to calculate the mean vectors of the each subset, and selects K nearest label neighbors for test instance by calculating its similarity with the mean vectors of the training subsets , and finally identifies the final predicted label set incorporating the discovered dependencies. Empirical evaluations on benchmark datasets shows that the proposed approach achieves high and stable accuracy results and is competitive with some existing methods for multi-label classification.
La-doped EuO: A rare earth ferromagnetic semiconductor with the highest Curie temperature

We report the fabrication of single-crystalline La-doped EuO thin films with a Curie temperature (TC) of about 200 K, the highest among rare-earth compounds without transition metals. From first-principle band calculation and x-ray diffraction measurement, the observed increase in TC cannot be explained only by the increase in hybridization intensity due to lattice contraction and the increase in up-spin electrons of the Eu 5d state caused by the electron doping. Hybridization between the Eu 4f and donor states and/or Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yoshida interaction mediated by the doped La 5d state is a possible origin of the increase in TC.
The role of attachment in children’s relationships with pets: From pet care to animal harm

Relatively little is known about how attachment influences children’s relationships to pets or mediates positive and negative interaction outcomes. We carried out in-depth interviews with 27 children, including nine children at high-risk for animal harm and 18 matched controls. We used the Child Attachment Play Assessment (CAPA), a drawing task and self-report measures including the Short Attachment to Pets Scale (SAPS) and Children’s Animal Harm Behaviours (CAHB). We also designed a novel measure, the ‘Pets In Children’s Attachment Stories’ (PICAS), to probe children’s mentalising about pets, caregiving-behaviours, comfort from pet and parental help. Children at high risk of animal harm were more likely to be classified as insecure (p = 0.002). Drawings indicated secure children tended to feel closer to mothers (p = 0.014) and siblings (p = 0.007), while pets’ proximity did not vary according to attachment strategy. Although insecure children scored lower on mentalising (p = 0.013), caregiving behaviour (p = 0.028) and parental help (p = 0.002), both groups similarly used pets as sources of comfort. There were no differences between attachment patterns on SAPS but there were differences for CAHB scores (p = 0.048). Thus, although insecure attachment was an important risk factor for harming animals, secure and insecure children had similar capacity for bonding with their pets. These results have implications both for how we treat cases of childhood animal harm and for how we understand the supportive role pets can play in children’s lives.
Optimal crystal surface for efficient channeling in the new generation of hadron machines

The new generation of hadron machines may profitably take advantage of channeling for steering and collimation of high-energy particle beams. In that case, the requirements on the quality of the crystal surface are rather stringent in terms of both lattice perfection and roughness. Here, the authors show the structural and morphological characterizations of crystals fabricated through a method to achieve a surface that fulfills all needed specifications for application in hadron machines.
Nonsymmetric gravitational theory

A nonsymmetric gravitational theory is presented which is free of ghost poles, tachyons, and higher‐order poles and there are no problems with asymptotic boundary conditions. A static spherically symmetric solution in the long‐range approximation is everywhere regular and does not contain a black hole event horizon. The information loss problem is resolved at the classical level.
Nelson-Siegel, Affine and Quadratic Yield Curve Specifications: Which One is Better at Forecasting?

In this paper we compare the in-sample fit and out-of-sample forecasting performance of no-arbitrage quadratic and essentially affine term structure models, as well as the dynamic Nelson-Siegel model. In total eleven model variants are evaluated, comprising five quadratic, four affine and two Nelson-Siegel models. Recursive re-estimation and out-of-sample one-, six- and twelve-months ahead forecasts are generated and evaluated using monthly US data for yields observed at maturities of 1, 6, 12, 24, 60 and 120 months. Our results indicate that quadratic models provide the best in-sample fit, while the best out-of-sample performance is generated by three-factor affine models and the dynamic Nelson-Siegel model variants. However, statistical tests fail to identify one single-best forecasting model class. JEL Classification: C14, C15, G12
A Novel Engine Vibration Measurement System based on the MEMS Sensor

Internal combustion engines cause the engine to vibrate with a certain acceleration due to the oscillation of many components and combustion events during operation. The resulting vibrations can give information about the regular operation of the engine or a possible me-chanical failure. For this reason, it is very important to measure and interpret these vibrations in a healthy way. In this study, a microcontroller-based measurement system was designed and implemented to examine the vibrations of a 4-stroke, 3-cylinder and water-cooled diesel engine at different speeds, under loaded and unloaded conditions. Vibration results for three different measure-ment points at different engine speeds (900,1200,1600,2000,2400,2800 and 3200rpm) were recorded in the data recording system for 60s. The recorded data were filtered by the EMA method and the results were analyzed by the FFT method. According to the results obtained, it has been determined that there is a close linear rela-tionship between engine speed and vibrations. Results of measurement point 1 (Cylinder head) Higher vibration harmonics were measured compared to measurement points 2 (engine block) and 3 (Flywheel housing). The highest vibrations occurred at 3200rpm under loaded and unloaded operating conditions. As a result; It has been seen that the measurement sys-tem developed using MEMs-based accelerometers can be successfully applied to measure engine vibrations.
Optical emission-line properties of evolved galactic supernova remnants

New optical spectrophotometric data are presented for the supernova remnants CTB 1, OA 184, VRO 42.05. 01, S147, the Monoceros Loop, G206.9 + 2.3, and G65.3 + 5.7. These data are combined with published spectral data to study some of the general properties of evolved galactic supernova remnants. It is found that (1) O I and O II forbidden line strengths, when used in conjunction with the usual H-alpha S II forbidden line ratio test, provide an excellent additional diagnostic for discriminating remnants from H II regions; (2) the line ratios H-alpha forbidden line N II, H-alpha forbidden line S II, and forbidden line S II 6717/6731 A generally do not vary substantially among the filaments of an individual remnant; and (3) the observed correlation of forbidden line N II/H-alpha with S II forbidden line 6717/6731 A in remnants is the result of observational selection rather than of evolutionary effects. A galactic nitrogen abundance gradient of d log (N/H)/dR = -0.088 dex/kpc, which is in agreement with that derived from H II regions. However, no abundance gradients for oxygen or sulfur are indicated from the remnant data.