Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association Genetics of Coastal Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii, Pinaceae). I. Cold-Hardiness Related Traits

Adaptation to cold is one of the greatest challenges to forest trees. This process is highly synchronized with environmental cues relating to photoperiod and temperature. Here, we use a candidate gene-based approach to search for genetic associations between 384 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from 117 candidate genes and 21 cold-hardiness related traits. A general linear model approach, including population structure estimates as covariates, was implemented for each marker–trait pair. We discovered 30 highly significant genetic associations [false discovery rate (FDR) Q < 0.10] across 12 candidate genes and 10 of the 21 traits. We also detected a set of 7 markers that had elevated levels of differentiation between sampling sites situated across the Cascade crest in northeastern Washington. Marker effects were small (r2 < 0.05) and within the range of those published previously for forest trees. The derived SNP allele, as measured by a comparison to a recently diverged sister species, typically affected the phenotype in a way consistent with cold hardiness. The majority of markers were characterized as having largely nonadditive modes of gene action, especially underdominance in the case of cold-tolerance related phenotypes. We place these results in the context of trade-offs between the abilities to grow longer and to avoid fall cold damage, as well as putative epigenetic effects. These associations provide insight into the genetic components of complex traits in coastal Douglas fir, as well as highlight the need for landscape genetic approaches to the detection of adaptive genetic diversity.
A Procedural Approach to Style for NPR Line Drawing from 3D models

This paper introduces a procedural approach to non-photorealistic line drawing from 3D models. The approach is inspired both by procedural shaders in classical rendering and by the power of procedural modeling. We propose a new image creation model where all operations are controlled procedurally. A view map describing all relevant support lines in the drawing is first created from the 3d model; a number of style modules operate on this map, by procedurally selecting and chaining lines before creating strokes and assigning drawing attributes. Two different levels of user control are provided, ranging from a low-level programming API to a parameteri- zed building-block assembly mechanism. The resulting drawing system allows very flexible control of all elements of drawing style: first, different style modules can be applied to different types of lines in a view; second, stroke attributes are assigned procedurally and can be correlated at will with various scene or view properties. We illustrate the components of our system and show results of its application.
Effect of hand dominance on late responses in young adults

Background: Late responses are the potentials appearing after motor response (M-wave) following mixed nerve stimulation. There are 2 important late responses H-reflex and F-response. In past decades, several researchers reported differences in electro physiological properties between dominant and nondominant upper extremities. Objective of the study was to find out the effect of hand dominance on the H reflex latency and amplitude and to find out the effect of hand dominance on the F wave latency and FM ratio. Methods and Material: Healthy subjects of either gender between the age group of 17-25 years and with BMI of 18-23 were included. Subjects divided in to two groups, 15 right handed and 15 left handed and late responses study were conducted to find out the effect of hand dominance on H-reflex and Fwave parameter. Results: H-reflex latency of dominant group, dominant was 23.40 and non-dominant hand was 24.31 which was statistically significant (p<.0001). Also H-reflex amplitude dominant hand was 0.89 and nondominant hand was 0.67 which was statistically significant (p<.0001) F-wave latency of dominant group, dominant hand was 23.24 and non-dominant hand was 24.50 which was statistically significant (p<.0001). Also F-M ratio of dominant hand was 21.22 and non-dominant hand was 22 . 68 which was statistically significant (p<.0001). Conclusions: Results suggest that Hand dominance has an significant effect on the H-reflex latency and amplitude and also significant effect on F-wave latency and F-M ratio.
An experimental study of three different rule ranking formulas in associative classification

Associative classification (AC) is a combination of classification and association rule in data mining that has attracted several scholars due to its models simplicity and its effectiveness in predicting test cases. This paper investigates the impact of rule ranking before constructing the classifier in AC mining. We would like to experimentally compare three different rule ranking formulas during building the classifier in order to determine the most appropriate one than can positively impact the classification accuracy of the derived classifiers. We believe that rule ranking may play a significant role in determining accuracy of the classifiers and also can be considered a prepruning step for the rules. Sixteen different data sets from UCI data repository have been used in the experiments, and the bases of the comparisons are the error rate, and the number of rules. The results reveal that rule ranking plays a major role in determining the subset of rules to be utilised in the prediction step and it indeed affects the predictive power of such subset.
Cutting the Cord—A Marketing Case: An Examination of Changing TV Viewership

Consumers have more choices for TV programming and how that content is acquired than at any other time in the history of television. Through an action referred to as cord-cutting, many consumers are choosing to drop their cable or satellite programming providers in favor of lower-priced and more consumer-friendly programming providers such as Netflix, Hulu, and others. Consumer choices are being driven by many factors, including economics, lifestyle, technological developments, and social trends. This case discusses the cord-cutting trend and how it is impacting consumer choices and the business of providing television content to consumers. The case can be used to assist instructors in tying together the standard topics in a consumer behavior course by having students read the case early in the course and to continue referring to it as a series of learning exercises are assigned during the course.
Meta Analysis to Draw the Appropriate Regimen of Enzyme and Probiotic Supplementation to Pigs and Chicken Diets

Along with the recent changes in animal feed supply circumstances, many enzyme and probiotic feed supplements have been introduced and applied to pigs and chicken diets. Therefore, both selection of the appropriate feed supplements and their proper supplementation becomes critical to justify the supplementation. Meta-analysis was proposed as an appropriate tool to assess the large amount of relevant information. In this review, reliable data from recent publications was compounded then analyzed to determine the best practice of effective enzyme supplementation from the perspectives of animal species, age, characteristics of feed, target substrates, optimum multi enzymes combination and intended objectives. The results of the analysis suggested pratical methods of probiotic supplementation regarding intestinal microbiota, physiological limitation of probiotics, maximization of the probiotic benefit and synergism with prebiotic supplements.
Reconciling ontologies and the web of data

To integrate Linked Open Data, which originates from various and heterogeneous sources, the use of well-defined ontologies is essential. However, oftentimes the utilization of these ontologies by data publishers differs from the intended application envisioned by ontology engineers. This may lead to unspecified properties being used ad-hoc as predicates in RDF triples or it may result in infrequent usage of specified properties. These mismatches impede the goals and propagation of the Web of Data as data consumers face difficulties when trying to discover and integrate domain-specific information. In this work, we identify and classify common misusage patterns by employing frequency analysis and rule mining. Based on this analysis, we introduce an algorithm to propose suggestions for a data-driven ontology re-engineering workflow, which we evaluate on two large-scale RDF datasets.
An Image-Based Fluid Surface Pattern Model

This work aims at generating a model of the ocean surface and its dynamics from one or more video cameras. The idea is to model wave patterns from video as a first step towards a larger system of photogrammetric monitoring of marine conditions for use in offshore oil drilling platforms. The first part of the proposed approach consists in reducing the dimensionality of sensor data made up of the many pixels of each frame of the input video streams. This enables finding a concise number of most relevant parameters to model the temporal dataset, yielding an efficient data-driven model of the evolution of the observed surface. The second part proposes stochastic modeling to better capture the patterns embedded in the data. One can then draw samples from the final model, which are expected to simulate the behavior of previously observed flow, in order to determine conditions that match new observations. In this paper we focus on proposing and discussing the overall approach and on comparing two different techniques for dimensionality reduction in the first stage: principal component analysis and diffusion maps. Work is underway on the second stage of constructing better stochastic models of fluid surface dynamics as proposed here.
2.1. Imagenet and Related Datasets

1 precision tree depth Figure 4: Percent of clean images at different tree depth levels in ImageNet. A total of 80 synsets are randomly sampled at every tree depth of the mammal and vehicle subtrees. An independent group of subjects verified the correctness of each of the images. An average of 99.7% precision is achieved for each synset. Table 1: Comparison of some of the properties of ImageNet versus other existing datasets. ImageNet offers disambiguated labels (LabelDisam), clean annotations (Clean), a dense hierarchy (DenseHie), full resolution images (FullRes) and is publicly available (PublicAvail). ImageNet currently does not provide segmen-tation annotations. view points, poses as well as background clutter and occlu-sions. In an attempt to tackle the difficult problem of quantifying image diversity, we compute the average image of each synset and measure lossless JPG file size which reflects the amount of information in an image. Our idea is that a synset containing diverse images will result in a blurrier average image, the extreme being a gray image, whereas a synset with little diversity will result in a more structured, sharper average image. We therefore expect to see a smaller JPG file size of the average image of a more diverse synset. Fig. 5 compares the image diversity in four randomly sampled synsets in Caltech101 [8] 3 and the mammal subtree of ImageNet. We compare ImageNet with other datasets and summarize the differences in Table 1 4. etc.) have served as training and evaluation benchmarks for most of today's computer vision algorithms. As computer vision research advances, larger and more challenging 3 We also compare with Caltech256 [12]. The result indicates the diversity of ImageNet is comparable, which is reassuring since Caltech256 was specifically designed to be more diverse. 4 We focus our comparisons on datasets of generic objects. Special purpose datasets, such as FERET faces [19], Labeled faces in the Wild [13] and the Mammal Benchmark by Fink and Ullman [11] are not included. datasets are needed for the next generation of algorithms. The current ImageNet offers 20× the number of categories, and 100× the number of total images than these datasets. TinyImage TinyImage [24] is a dataset of 80 million 32 × 32 low resolution images, collected from the Inter-net by sending all words in WordNet as queries to image search engines. Each synset in the TinyImage dataset contains an average of 1000 images, among which 10-25% are possibly …
Commutation of universal motors

A method of diminishing the reactance voltage by suppressing the magnetomotive force in order to improve commutation is discussed. The authors elaborate some of the information from a previously published work concerning commutation and reactance voltage. Reactance voltage analysis, excessive armature reaction analysis, and brush contact resistance analysis are presented. Speed coverage of the suppressing effect, a suppressing circuit using a bypass condenser, and poor commutation due to mechanically unstable brushes are also discussed. <<ETX>>
Researches and Simulations of Information Hiding in Alamouti Transmission System

In this paper, the basic principles and requirements for information hiding used in channel coding system are firstly presented and analyzed. An information hiding scheme based on LDPC code is proposed to be implemented in Alamouti coding MIMO system. The capacities of information hiding used in channel coding system and multi-antenna channel coding Almouti system are theoretically analyzed. The capacities are validated by numerical calculation results and simulation results.
Information Security Policy Concerns as Case Law Shifts toward Balance between Employer Security and Employee Privacy

Employee expectation of privacy within the workplace diminished as information technology use increased within the enterprise. During the same time period, increased use of information technology within the enterprise created a corresponding need for heightened information security. Technology use has continued to become increasingly ingrained within society as a whole to the point that the US Supreme Court has recognized the use of some forms of technology as part of an individual’s right of self expression. Trends in case law have increasingly defined specific, limited scopes of privacy in which employee use of information technology is protected from employer scrutiny. This paper 1 discusses the shift toward balance between employer security needs and employee privacy rights and the impact to information security policy development and implementation.
Fostering innovative skills within the classroom: A qualitative analysis from interviews with 60 innovators

Julian currently works as a researcher at Applied Technologies for Learning in the Arts & Sciences at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), where he has been involved in educational research on massive open online courses. His research interests lie at the intersection of psychology, sociology, business, and law. He will soon begin a joint degree program at UIUC, pursuing both a Master of Business Administration and a Master of Human Resources and Industrial Relations.
Examining the role of self-regulatory strength in family violence

Numbers on family violence are staggering. The United Nations Secretary-General’s Study on Violence against Children (United Nations, 2006) estimates that about 275 million children are exposed to violence at the home, either by being the target of child abuse or by being a witness to intimate partner violence. Almost half of young adults experience an incidence of intimate partner violence in their romantic relationships (Renner & Whitney, 2012). Although most studies focused on female victimization, some studies have found considerable violence perpetration among females and males (e.g., Archer, 2000).
Laying the foundation for in-car alcohol detection by speech

The fact that an increasing number of functions in the automobile are and will be controlled by speech of the driver rises the question whether this speech input may be used to detect a possible alcoholic intoxication of the driver. For that matter a large part of the new Alcohol Language Corpus (ALC) edited by the Bavarian Archive of Speech Signals (BAS) will be used for a broad statistical investigation of possible feature candidates for classification. In this contribution we present the motivation and the design of the ALC corpus as well as first results from fundamental frequency and rhythm analysis. Our analysis by comparing sober and alcoholized speech of the same individuals suggests that there are in fact promising features that can automatically be derived from the speech signal during the speech recognition process and will indicate intoxication for most speakers.
The Transcriptional Stress Response of Candida albicans to Weak Organic Acids

Candida albicans is the most important fungal pathogen of humans, causing severe infections, especially in nosocomial and immunocompromised settings. However, it is also the most prevalent fungus of the normal human microbiome, where it shares its habitat with hundreds of trillions of other microbial cells. Despite weak organic acids (WOAs) being among the most abundant metabolites produced by bacterial microbiota, little is known about their effect on C. albicans. Here we used a sequencing-based profiling strategy to systematically investigate the transcriptional stress response of C. albicans to lactic, acetic, propionic, and butyric acid at several time points after treatment. Our data reveal a complex transcriptional response, with individual WOAs triggering unique gene expression profiles and with important differences between acute and chronic exposure. Despite these dissimilarities, we found significant overlaps between the gene expression changes induced by each WOA, which led us to uncover a core transcriptional response that was largely unrelated to other previously published C. albicans transcriptional stress responses. Genes commonly up-regulated by WOAs were enriched in several iron transporters, which was associated with an overall decrease in intracellular iron concentrations. Moreover, chronic exposure to any WOA lead to down-regulation of RNA synthesis and ribosome biogenesis genes, which resulted in significant reduction of total RNA levels and of ribosomal RNA in particular. In conclusion, this study suggests that gastrointestinal microbiota might directly influence C. albicans physiology via production of WOAs, with possible implications of how this fungus interacts with its host in both health and disease.
Kullback-Leibler divergence for interacting multiple model estimation with random matrices

The problem of interacting multiple model (IMM) estimation for jump Markov linear systems with unknown measurement noise covariance is studied. The system state and the unknown covariance are jointly estimated, where the unknown covariance is modelled as a random matrix according to an inverse-Wishart distribution. For the IMM estimation with random matrices, one difficulty encountered is the combination of a set of weighted inverse-Wishart distributions. Instead of using the moment matching approach, this difficulty is overcome by minimising the weighted Kullback–Leibler divergence for inverse-Wishart distributions. It is shown that a closed-form solution can be derived for the optimisation problem and the resulting solution coincides with an inverse-Wishart distribution. Simulation results show that the proposed filter outperforms the previous work using the moment matching approach.
Making Employability ‘Work’

Employability is a widely used term in the labour market lexicon. Yet there is no consensus on how the concept should be applied and a fog of ambiguity surrounds the term. Making employability ‘work’, however, is essential not only for younger people to access and sustain work but also for addressing skills shortages that plague many developed economies. This article positions the employability concept in relational terms and highlights the importance of effective information flows across the various labour market stakeholders. Employability is a shared outcome and responsibility even though individuals’ skills and knowledge is the foundation of employability. Empirical data from a major New Zealand labour market research programme is used to support contentions.
Secure regenerating codes using linear MBR/MSR codes and the all-or-nothing transform

This paper proposes new secure regenerating codes that combine non-secure regenerating codes with an all-or-nothing transform. Unlike the previous analysis of secure regenerating codes, the security of the proposed codes is analyzed in the sense of the indistinguishability. The advantage of the proposed codes is that the storage-size overhead is much less than that of previous secure regenerating codes.
Multimarker Approach in Discriminating Patients with Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Atherosclerotic Carotid Artery Stenosis

Background and Purpose Several circulating biomarkers have been implicated in carotid atherosclerotic plaque rupture and thrombosis; however, their clinical utility remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the role of a large biomarker panel in the discrimination of symptomatic (S) vs. asymptomatic (A/S) subjects in a contemporary population with carotid artery stenosis (CS). Methods Prospective sampling of circulating cytokines and blood lipids was performed in 300 unselected, consecutive patients with ≥50% CS, as assessed by duplex ultrasound (age 47-83 years; 110 with A/S and 190 with S) who were referred for potential CS revascularization. Results CS severity and pharmacotherapy did not differ between the A/S and S patients. The median values of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipoprotein(a) did not differ, but high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was significantly higher (p<0.001) and triglycerides were lower (p=0.03) in the A/S-CS group than in the S-CS group. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were higher (p=0.04 and p=0.07, respectively) in the S-CS group. Circulating visfatin, soluble CD 40 receptor ligand, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule, leptin, adiponectin, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-18, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, myeloperoxidase, matrix metalloproteinases-8, -9, and -10, and fibrinogen were similar, but tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP) was reduced in S-CS compared to A/S-CS (p=0.02). Nevertheless, incorporation of TIMP and IL-6 did not improve the HDL-cholesterol receiver operating characteristics for S-CS status prediction. S-CS status was unrelated to angiographic stenosis severity or plaque burden, as assessed by intravascular ultrasound (p=0.16 and p=0.67, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed low HDL-cholesterol to be the only independent predictor of CS symptoms, with an odds ratio of 1.81 (95% confidence interval=1.15-2.84, p=0.01) for HDL <1.00 mmol/L (first quartile) vs. >1.37 (third quartile). In S-CS, osteoprotegerin and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) were elevated in those with recent vs. remote symptoms (p=0.01 and p=0.02, respectively). Conclusions In an all-comer CS population on contemporary pharmacotherapy, low HDL-cholesterol (but not other previously implicated or several novel circulating biomarkers) is an independent predictor of S-CS status. In addition, an increase in circulating osteoprotegerin and Lp-PLA2 may transiently indicate S transformation of the carotid atherosclerotic plaque.