Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bias correcting precipitation forecasts to improve the skill of seasonal streamflow forecasts

Abstract. Meteorological centres make sustained efforts to provide seasonal forecasts that are increasingly skilful, which has the potential to benefit streamflow forecasting. Seasonal streamflow forecasts can help to take anticipatory measures for a range of applications, such as water supply or hydropower reservoir operation and drought risk management. This study assesses the skill of seasonal precipitation and streamflow forecasts in France to provide insights into the way bias correcting precipitation forecasts can improve the skill of streamflow forecasts at extended lead times. We apply eight variants of bias correction approaches to the precipitation forecasts prior to generating the streamflow forecasts. The approaches are based on the linear scaling and the distribution mapping methods. A daily hydrological model is applied at the catchment scale to transform precipitation into streamflow. We then evaluate the skill of raw (without bias correction) and bias-corrected precipitation and streamflow ensemble forecasts in 16 catchments in France. The skill of the ensemble forecasts is assessed in reliability, sharpness, accuracy and overall performance. A reference prediction system, based on historical observed precipitation and catchment initial conditions at the time of forecast (i.e. ESP method) is used as benchmark in the computation of the skill. The results show that, in most catchments, raw seasonal precipitation and streamflow forecasts are often more skilful than the conventional ESP method in terms of sharpness. However, they are not significantly better in terms of reliability. Forecast skill is generally improved when applying bias correction. Two bias correction methods show the best performance for the studied catchments, each method being more successful in improving specific attributes of the forecasts: the simple linear scaling of monthly values contributes mainly to increasing forecast sharpness and accuracy, while the empirical distribution mapping of daily values is successful in improving forecast reliability.
An External Validity Approach for Assessing Essential Unidimensionality in Correlated-Factor Models

Many psychometric measures yield data that are compatible with (a) an essentially unidimensional factor analysis solution and (b) a correlated-factor solution. Deciding which of these structures is the most appropriate and useful is of considerable importance, and various procedures have been proposed to help in this decision. The only fully developed procedures available to date, however, are internal, and they use only the information contained in the item scores. In contrast, this article proposes an external auxiliary procedure in which primary factor scores and general factor scores are related to relevant external variables. Our proposal consists of two groups of procedures. The procedures in the first group (differential validity procedures) assess the extent to which the primary factor scores relate differentially to the external variables. Procedures in the second group (incremental validity procedures) assess the extent to which the primary factor scores yield predictive validity increments with respect to the single general factor scores. Both groups of procedures are based on a second-order structural model with latent variables from which new methodological results are obtained. The functioning of the proposal is assessed by means of a simulation study, and its usefulness is illustrated with a real-data example in the personality domain.
Technology and design challenges for low power and high performance [microprocessors]

We discuss key barriers to continued scaling of supply voltage and technology for microprocessors to achieve low-power and high-performance. In particular, we focus on short-channel effects, device parameter variations, excessive subthreshold and gate oxide leakage, as the main obstacles dictated by fundamental device physics. Functionality of special circuits in the presence of high leakage, SRAM cell stability, bit line delay scaling, and power consumption in clocks and interconnects, will be the primary design challenges in the future. Soft error rate control and power delivery pose additional challenges. All of these problems are further compounded by the rapidly escalating complexity of microprocessor designs. The excessive leakage problem is particularly severe for battery-operated, high-performance microprocessors.
The principal's role in shaping school culture

Designed to explain how principals can shape school culture, this book first discusses current pressures for school reform and the different perspectives on school operations reflected in these reforms. Competing reform strategies are described, specifically, the human resources approach and the structural, political, free market, and school culture models. Aiming to link reform success to school culture and symbolic leadership concepts, the book describes organizational cultures or subcultures within the greater society and presents evidence connecting organizational culture to productivity in business and schools. Next, a description is given of how the principal shapes a school culture by fulfilling five roles: those of symbol, potter, poet, actor, and healer. Following this, the book presents five case studies of school leadership in school settings that varied according to principal incumbency, school characteristics, student abilities, and organizational history. Finally, commonalities in the leaders' tactics are summarized and discussed. Each of the principals described identified what was important, selected compatible teachers, dealt successfully with conflict, set a consistent example, told illustrative stories, and used ceremonies, tradition, ricuals, and symbols to display the school's common values. The book concludes with some action guidelines, with the caveat that these will prove inadequate unless accompanied by an unquenchable desire and commitment to build cultures that support and create excellence. Included are 51 references and a classified, annotated bibliography of 25 books and articles. (MLH) ******************A**************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************************************** The Principal's Role in Shaping School Culture
Insider: Towards Breaking Down Mobile App Silos

User data is siloed in mobile apps today. Where one app may hold the user’s flight booking, another app the user’s cab reservation, with little data sharing between the two, resulting in a fragmented user experience. For instance, if a user, who has just booked a flight using one app, wishes to pre-book a cab from the airport, they would have to do so by manually re-entering the data from the flight app (e.g., location, date, time) into the cab app. To enable the user to retake control of their in-app data, the Insider platform extracts structured user data from the presentation layer of arbitrary apps, without any modifications to the app code or binary, and makes it easy for such data to be shared across apps, when the user so desires. At its core, ordinary users create and share models for the apps they care about; the app model relates the data from the presentation layer of the app to attributes in a task template, which corresponds to the specific tasks users perform in the app (e.g., booking a flight). At runtime, Insider combines the app model with the raw stream from the presentation layer to produce structured and semantically-meaningful information. Insider then publishes this information through a set of APIs, enabling creation of novel apps that could not have been built previously. For example, we prototype the automatic population of information in a cab app after a flight booking as well as three other such novel apps that rely on cross-app data sharing. Finally, we report on a detailed evaluation of running Insider on 150 apps across 11 categories. We show that we are able to successfully extract 83% of the key attributes (e.g., UI widget corresponding to source airport) from these apps. Further, we also track app version changes during a 6 month period from Sep 2014 to Mar 2015 and find that even though 40% of apps were updated, only 6% of apps required rebuilding of the app model.
Development of a short circuit strategy for medium voltage hybrid microgrids

This paper evaluates the behavior of a medium voltage hybrid microgrid in case of a fault, and a short circuit strategy is developed for the power electronics based distributed generators. Without any means of communication, an autonomous control concept for both grid feeding and grid forming inverters is realized. The suitability of reactive current injection strategy for medium voltage microgrids is evaluated and also the frequency response of rotational and non-rotational grid forming units is investigated. The developed strategy and its effectivity are verified through real time simulation test scenarios. The case studies investigated in this work identify worst case scenarios concerning voltage and frequency stability, as well as provision of sufficient overcurrent for the traditional protection means identifying the fault location.
Optimal design of LED array for single-loop CCM buck-boost LED driver

This paper presents optimal design of the light-emitting-diode (LED) array for the single-loop CCM buck-boost LED driver. The exponential function for describing the characteristics of the LED is used to represent the relationship between the forward voltage and current of LEDs. Moreover, in order to analyze the system characteristics, the equivalent circuits of the single-loop buck-boost driver for the LED array are built. Considering the requirement of the system stability and maximum-efficiency power transferring, the unity quality factor is preferred for the optimal design of the LED array. In this paper, the derived transfer functions are verified with SIMPLIS® simulation results.
The Cyclin-Like Protein Spy 1 Regulates Growth and Division Characteristics of the CD 133 1 Population in Human Glioma

ments involving LA, the group utilized non-neuroprotective doses of LA (0.005 mg/kg). For optimal drug concentration testing, Saleh et al synthesized 2 compounds, UPEI-200 and UPEI-201, composed of a 1:3 and 1:1 resver-atrol:LA ratio, respectively. Following 6 hours of permanent ischemia, the animals were sacrificed and the infarct volume was determined using 2% 2,3,5-triphenol tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. In the first experiment, multiple doses of resveratrol (2 · 10 27 mg/kg up to 2 · 10 23 mg/kg) were administered 30 minutes prior to tMCAO. The authors also assessed infarct volumes when resveratrol was delivered 15 minutes following MCAO, as well as at 0, 30, 60, and 90 minutes following reperfusion. In all studies, comparisons were made to a vehicle control cohort. A statistically significant decrease of infarct volume based on the dose of resveratrol alone was seen at 2 · 10 24 mg/kg and 2 · 10 23 mg/kg (P # .05), and the 2 · 10 23 mg/kg dose was effective even when delivered at 30, 60, and 90 minutes post MCAO (P # .05). The authors went on to demonstrate successful neuroprotection following the co-administration of resveratrol and LA (0.005 mg/kg) at various mg/kg) in the same tMCAO model (Figure). Infarct volumes were also analyzed after the co-injection at delayed time intervals of 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes following MCAO. A dose-dependent reduction in infarct volume was observed when LA was co-administered with the 2 highest doses of resveratrol used (2 · 10 25 and 2 · 10 26 , P # .05). The authors then analyzed cerebral tissue sample for levels of cytoplasmic histone-associated-deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation, a marker of apoptotic cell death. Compared to the control, LA combined with resveratrol showed a statistically significant decrease in cell death (P # .05). Finally, UPEI-201 (resveratrol dose 2 · 10 26 mg/kg and LA dose 0.005 mg/kg) was shown to be effective when administered both 30 minutes prior to and 15 minutes after MCAO in the tMCAO model. The authors have convincingly demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction of infarct volumes by resveratrol administration following transient cerebral ischemia. When LA was administered in combination with resveratrol, the authors observed fewer necrotic cells in the core and diminished apoptotic neurons in the penumbra. The synergistic activity of LA and resveratrol produced neuroprotection in the tMCAO model at a 100-fold smaller dose of resveratrol and 1000 times smaller in the …
Evaluating hypermedia and learning: methods and results from the Perseus Project

The Perseus Project has developed a hypermedia corpus of materials related to the ancient Greek world. The materials include a variety of texts and images, and tools for using these materials and navigating the sytem. Results from a three-year evaluation of Perseus use in a variety of college settings are described. The evaluation assessed both this particular system and the application of the technological genre to information management and to learning. The evaluation used a variety of methods to address questions about learning and teaching with hypermedia and to guide the development of early versions of the system. Results illustrate that such environments offer potential for accelerating learning and for supporting new types of learning and teaching; that students and instructors must develop new strategies for learning and teaching with such technology; and that institutions must develop infrastructural support for such technology. The results also illustrate the importance of well-designed interfaces and different types of assignments on user performance.
Using dictionary in a knowledge based algorithm for clustering short texts in Bahasa Indonesia

Text clustering is important in many application of information retrieval. This paper presents a study of clustering short texts in Bahasa Indonesia using semantic similarity approach where dictionary of synonyms and hyponyms is used to get information on word relatedness. We compare sentence similarity calculations based on lexical matching and word similarity. More than 250 sentences are involved. Our experiment shows that clustering using sentence similarity based on lexical matching performs better in terms of precision and F-measure than clustering using sentence similarity based on semantic approach.
Luminous satellite galaxies in gravitational lenses

Substructures, expected in cold dark matter haloes, have been proposed to explain the anomalous flux ratios in gravitational lenses. About 25 per cent of lenses in the Cosmic Lens All-Sky Survey (CLASS) appear to have luminous satellites within ∼5h -1 kpc of the main lensing galaxies, which are usually at redshift z ∼ 0.2-1. In this work, we use the Millennium Simulation combined with galaxy catalogues from semi-analytical techniques to study the predicted frequency of such satellites in simulated haloes. The fraction of haloes that host bright satellites within the (projected) central regions is similar for red and blue hosts and is found to increase as a function of host halo mass and redshift. Specifically, at z = 1, about 11 per cent of galaxy-sized haloes (with masses between 10 12 and 10 13 h -1 M ⊙ ) host bright satellite galaxies within a projected radius of 5 h -1 kpc. This fraction increases to about 17 per cent (25 per cent) if we consider bright (all) satellites of only group-sized haloes (with masses between 10 13 and 10 14 h -1 M ⊙ ). These results are roughly consistent with the fraction (∼25 per cent) of CLASS lensing galaxies observed to host luminous satellites. At z = 0, only ∼3 per cent of galaxy-sized haloes host bright satellite galaxies. The fraction rises to ∼6 per cent (10 per cent) if we consider bright (all) satellites of only group-sized haloes at z = 0. However, most of the satellites found in the inner regions are 'orphan' galaxies where the dark matter haloes have been completely stripped. Thus, the agreement crucially depends on the true survival rate of these 'orphan' galaxies. We also discuss the effects of numerical resolution and cosmologies on our results.
Open Economy, Institutional Quality, and Environmental Performance: A Macroeconomic Approach

As the subject of how economic development affects the quality of the natural environment has gained great momentum, this paper focuses on examining the extent to which the openness of a market economy and the quality of the institution affect environmental performance. The majority of the current studies focus on the Environmental Kuznets Curve and the level of economic growth. This paper addresses this question by relating environmental (“Environmental Performance Index”) to macroeconomic (Gross Domestic Product per capita, “Open Markets Index”) and governance indicators (“Worldwide Governance Indicators”). The sample consists of 75 countries, including all G20 and EU members, comprising “more than 90% of global trade and investment”. Findings show that the Environmental Performance Index is positively correlated to each of the (institutional) indicators, so as to confirm that the selected indices are consistent with previous studies, suggesting that environmental performance increases in line with economic development and that good governance increases a country’s levels of environmental protection. By applying factor analysis, an empirical model of the Environmental Performance Index is estimated, suggesting that there is a significant positive correlation between a country’s economic growth, the openness of an economy, high levels of effective governance, and its environmental performance.
High-precision density measurements in the solar corona I. Analysis methods and results for Fe XII and Fe XIII

Aims. The EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) instrument on board the Hinode satellite has access to some of the best coronal density diagnostics, and the high sensitivity of the instrument now allows electron number density, Ne, measurements to an unprecedented precision of up to ±5% in active regions. This paper gives a thorough overview of data analysis issues for the best diagnostics of Fe xii and Fe xiii and assesses the accuracy of the measurements. Methods. Two density diagnostics each from Fe xii (λ186.88/λ195.12 and λ196.64/λ195.12) and Fe xiii (λ196.54/λ202.04 and λ203.82/λ202.04) are analysed in two active region datasets from 2007 May 3 and 6 that yield densities in the range 8.5 ≤ log (Ne/cm −3 ) ≤ 11.0. The densities are derived using v5.2 of the CHIANTI atomic database. Blending, line fitting, and instrumental issues are discussed, and line fit parameters presented. Results. The Fe xii and Fe xiii diagnostics show broadly the same trend in density across the active region, consistent with their similar temperatures of formation. However, the high precision of the EIS measurements demonstrates significant discrepancies of up to 0.5 dex in derived log Ne values, with Fe xii always giving higher densities than Fe xiii. The discrepancies may partly be due to real physical differences between the emitting regions of the two plasmas, but the dominant factor lies in the atomic models of the two ions. Two specific problems are identified for Fe xii λ196. 64 and Fe xiii λ203. 82: the former is found to be underestimated in strength by the CHIANTI atomic model, while the high-density limit of the λ203. 82/λ202. 04 ratio appears to be inaccurate in the CHIANTI atomic model. The small grating tilt of the EIS instrument is found to be very significant when deriving densities from emission lines separated by more than a few angstroms. Revised wavelengths of 196.518 ± 0.003 A and 196.647 ± 0.003 A are suggested for the Fe xiii λ196. 54 and Fe xii λ196. 64 lines, respectively.
Cognitive energy harvesting and transmission from a network perspective

Wireless networks can be self-sustaining by harvesting energy from radio-frequency (RF) signals. Building on classic cognitive radio networks, we propose a novel method for network coexisting where mobiles from a secondary network, called secondary transmitters (STs), either harvest energy from transmissions by nearby transmitters from a primary network, called primary transmitters (PTs), or transmit information if PTs are sufficiently far away; STs store harvested energy in rechargeable batteries with finite capacity and use all available energy for subsequent transmission when batteries are fully charged. In this model, each PT is centered at a guard zone and a harvesting zone that are disks with given radiuses; a ST harvests energy if it lies in some harvesting zone, transmits fixed-power signals if it is outside all guard zones or else idles. Based on this model, the spatial throughput of the secondary network is maximized using a stochastic-geometry model where PTs and STs are modeled as independent homogeneous Poisson point processes (HPPPs), under the outage constraints for coexisting networks and obtained in a simple closed-form. It is observed from the result that the maximum secondary throughput decreases linearly with the growing PT density, and the optimal ST density is inversely proportional to the derived transmission probability for STs.
JALI

The rich signals we extract from facial expressions imposes high expectations for the science and art of facial animation. While the advent of high-resolution performance capture has greatly improved realism, the utility of procedural animation warrants a prominent place in facial animation workflow. We present a system that, given an input audio soundtrack and speech transcript, automatically generates expressive lip-synchronized facial animation that is amenable to further artistic refinement, and that is comparable with both performance capture and professional animator output. Because of the diversity of ways we produce sound, the mapping from phonemes to visual depictions as visemes is many-valued. We draw from psycholinguistics to capture this variation using two visually distinct anatomical actions: Jaw and Lip, wheresound is primarily controlled by jaw articulation and lower-face muscles, respectively. We describe the construction of a transferable template jali 3D facial rig, built upon the popular facial muscle action unit representation facs. We show that acoustic properties in a speech signal map naturally to the dynamic degree of jaw and lip in visual speech. We provide an array of compelling animation clips, compare against performance capture and existing procedural animation, and report on a brief user study.
Optimizing strategies for the exploration of social networks and associated data collections

Multimedia data collections immersed into social networks may be explored from the point of view of varying documents and users characteristics. In this paper, we develop a unified model to embed documents and users into coherent structures from which to extract optimal subsets. The result is the definition of guiding navigation strategies of both the user and document networks, as a complement to classical search operations. An initial interface that may materialize such browsing over documents is demonstrated in the context of Cultural Heritage.
Oscillator Noise: A Nonlinear Perturbative Theory Including Orbital Fluctuations and Phase-Orbital Correlation

We derive a full statistical characterization of the noise spectrum of a free running oscillator perturbed by white Gaussian noise sources, including the effect of orbital fluctuations and of their correlation with phase noise, thus extending the previous theory based on the Floquet decomposition of the linearized oscillator equations . This allows to derive explicit relationships for the relevant phase, amplitude and correlation spectra. The examples provide a validation of the theoretical results, and allow to assess the importance of the Floquet exponents and eigenvectors on the magnitude of the orbital noise contribution.