Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Whose Science Do You Believe? Explaining Trust in Sources of Scientific Information About the Environment

Given that trust plays a key role in the communication of scientific information about the environment to the public, this study examines what explains trust in specific sources of such information. In doing so, it analyzes whether—and, if so, how—political ideology, support for environmental regulation, religiosity, trust in people, and trust in government predict trust in scientists, the Environmental Protection Agency, environmental organizations, news media, and science media. It also examines whether trust in scientists is associated with trust in the other sources in light of how each of the latter draws on the credibility of the former.
Effects of adjective use of melatonin and vitamin C in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial

Background. Melatonin can eliminate free radicals and this function can be intensified byvitamin C. Melatonin and vitamin C can have synergic antioxidant effects. The aim of thisstudy was to investigate the effects of adjunctive use of melatonin and vitamin C in the non-surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis. Methods. Sixty subjects with chronic periodontitis were included in this study and randomly allocated to three groups: group 1) 20 patients received non-surgical periodontal treatment; group 2) 20 patients received non-surgical periodontal treatment with adjunctive use of melatonin; and group3) 20 patients received non-surgical periodontal treatment with combination use of melatonin + vitamin C. Clinical parameters (PD, CAL,GI) were recorded at baseline and at 3-month and 6-month intervalsafter treatment. Data were analyzed with paired t-test, one-way ANOVA andrepeated-measures ANOVA. A significant difference was assumed at P<0.05. Results. Non-surgical periodontal therapy improved PD and CAL 3 and 6 months treatment compared to baseline (P<0.001). There was a significant improvement in PD and CAL scores at 6-month interval compared to 3 months in the melatonin+ vitamin C group (P<0.05), while the differences in PD and CAL scores between the mentioned intervals were not significant between the control and melatonin groups (P>0.05). Therefore adjunctive dose of vitamin C offered an additional effect at this interval. Conclusion. Combination therapy with melatonin and vitamin C can improve the results of non-surgical periodontal therapy.
Serum dehydroepiandrosterone and DHEA‐sulfate in patients with adult T‐cell leukemia and human T‐lymphotropic virus type I carriers

The serum levels of dehydroeplandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA‐sulfate (DHEA‐S) were determined by radioimmunoassay in 38 patients with adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL). Levels of serum DHEA and DHEA‐S were also measured in 60 human T‐lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV‐I) carriers, and did not differ from those in 60 healthy control subjects. Serum levels in patients with ATL were lower than those in the age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls and in HTLV‐I carriers with statistical significance. Serum DHEA and DHEA‐S in male patients with acute and lymphoma‐type ATL were 1.06 ± 0.77 ng/ml and 245.8 ± 192.9 ng/ml, respectively. Levels in male patients with chronic and smoldering‐type ATL were 1.69 ± 0.68 ng/ml and 477.6 ± 251.5 ng/ml, respectively. Serum levels of DHEA and DHEA‐S in patients with acute and lymphoma‐type ATL were significantly lower than those in patients with chronic and smoldering‐type ATL (P < 0.05).
Variance Components and Genetic Parameters for Milk Production and Lactation Pattern in an Ethiopian Multibreed Dairy Cattle Population

The objective of this study was to estimate variance components and genetic parameters for lactation milk yield (LY), lactation length (LL), average milk yield per day (YD), initial milk yield (IY), peak milk yield (PY), days to peak (DP) and parameters (ln(a) and c) of the modified incomplete gamma function (MIG) in an Ethiopian multibreed dairy cattle population. The dataset was composed of 5,507 lactation records collected from 1,639 cows in three locations (Bako, Debre Zeit and Holetta) in Ethiopia from 1977 to 2010. Parameters for MIG were obtained from regression analysis of monthly test-day milk data on days in milk. The cows were purebred (Bos indicus) Boran (B) and Horro (H) and their crosses with different fractions of Friesian (F), Jersey (J) and Simmental (S). There were 23 breed groups (B, H, and their crossbreds with F, J, and S) in the population. Fixed and mixed models were used to analyse the data. The fixed model considered herd-year-season, parity and breed group as fixed effects, and residual as random. The single and two-traits mixed animal repeatability models, considered the fixed effects of herd-year-season and parity subclasses, breed as a function of cow H, F, J, and S breed fractions and general heterosis as a function of heterozygosity, and the random additive animal, permanent environment, and residual effects. For the analysis of LY, LL was added as a fixed covariate to all models. Variance components and genetic parameters were estimated using average information restricted maximum likelihood procedures. The results indicated that all traits were affected (p<0.001) by the considered fixed effects. High grade B×F cows (3/16B 13/16F) had the highest least squares means (LSM) for LY (2,490±178.9 kg), IY (10.5±0.8 kg), PY (12.7±0.9 kg), YD (7.6±0.55 kg) and LL (361.4±31.2 d), while B cows had the lowest LSM values for these traits. The LSM of LY, IY, YD, and PY tended to increase from the first to the fifth parity. Single-trait analyses yielded low heritability (0.03±0.03 and 0.08±0.02) and repeatability (0.14±0.01 to 0.24±0.02) estimates for LL, DP and parameter c. Medium heritability (0.21±0.03 to 0.33±0.04) and repeatability (0.27±0.02 to 0.53±0.01) estimates were obtained for LY, IY, PY, YD and ln(a). Genetic correlations between LY, IY, PY, YD, ln(a), and LL ranged from 0.59 to 0.99. Spearman’s rank correlations between sire estimated breeding values for LY, LL, IY, PY, YD, ln(a) and c were positive (0.67 to 0.99, p<0.001). These results suggested that selection for IY, PY, YD, or LY would genetically improve lactation milk yield in this Ethiopian dairy cattle population.
Two methods of pruning Benders' cuts and their application to the management of a gas portfolio

In this article, we describe a gas portfolio management problem, which is solved with the SDDP (Stochastic Dual Dynamic Programming) algorithm. We present some improvements of this algorithm and focus on methods of pruning Benders' cuts, that is to say, methods of picking out the most relevant cuts among those which have been computed. Our territory algorithm allows a quick selection and a great reduction of the number of cuts. Our second method only deletes cuts which do not contribute to the approximation of the value function, thanks to a test of usefulness. Numerical results are presented.
A context-based regularization method for short-text sentiment analysis

Sentiment analysis is an important task in natural language processing, which has promises great value to areas of interests such as business, politics and other fields. The prevalence of the internet has caused people to prefer expressing their opinion and sentiment on the Internet via methods such as tweeting on social media and commenting on products. However, the discourse of users on social media are usually short either due to limitations on post size or time limitations of the users. What emerges from these features is that the grammar used in these posts and the word meanings are flexible, which makes sentiment analysis difficult. Therefore, sentiment analysis is an important yet challenging task. In this paper, we propose a context-based regularization classification method for short text sentiment analysis. Specifically, we use contextual knowledge obtained from the data to improve performance of the sentiment classification. In this paper, the contextual knowledge includes two parts: word-sentiment knowledge and word-similarity knowledge. Moreover, we propose methods to calculate the sentiment of the words and the similarity between words on semantic level. Specifically, on the one side, we use a TRSR method based on the TextRank algorithm to rank words in each sentiment sample to determine the sentiment polarity of each word. On the other, we calculate the similarity between words according to word-embedding. In this way, we can determine the similarity between words and the sentiment polarity of a word. We then incorporate the contextual knowledge as a regularization into a supervised classification framework, which then converts into an optimization problem to train a more accurate model. Experiments on both Chinese and English datasets outperform than other baseline approaches, which demonstrates our method to be stable and effective.
PERSONALITY AND OLFACTORY SENSITIVITY

Abstract Even though perceptional abilities have repeatedly been found to be associated with certain personality styles (e.g., extraversion), such connections were reported sparsely for the olfactory modality. Two studies were carried out to investigate the relationship between olfactory sensitivity and 12 personality dimensions (including extraversion and neuroticism). In the first study, single olfactory measurements were compared to repeated measurements. In the second study, twins were recruited as subjects to also examine the heredity of olfactory sensitivity. The results indicate that neuroticism is a stronger predictor for olfactory sensitivity than extraversion. Repeated measurements seem to be necessary to obtain valid data on olfactory performance.
Effects of various carotenoids on cloned, effector-stage T-helper cell activity.

Astaxanthin, a carotenoid without provitamin A activity, enhances murine T-helper (Th) cell clone-mediated antibody (Ab) production with suboptimal antigen (Ag) challenges. It also suppresses interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by cloned murine Th1 cells. beta-Carotene is less effective than astaxanthin. This study evaluates the effects of various carotenoids with various relative polarity, provitamin A activity, and antioxidant activity. Carotenoids tested include astaxanthin, cantaxanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein, and lycopene, and their effects were tested at a concentration at which astaxanthin's effect was most potent. A.E7 and CDC35 cells are used as representative type 1 and type 2 Th cell (Th1 and Th2) clones, respectively. In the Th1 clone, astaxanthin, but not other carotenoids, suppressed IFN-gamma production and increased the number of Ab-secreting cells with the use of primed spleen cells. With cultures of Th1 cells and unprimed spleen cells, astaxanthin and zeaxanthin augmented the number of immunoglobulin M Ab-secreting cells. In the cultures of Th2 clone and primed spleen cells, astaxanthin, but not other carotenoids, enhanced the number of Ab-secreting cells. With unprimed spleen cells, lycopene suppressed Th2 clone-mediated Ab production. Interleukin-5 production by the Th2 clone was not significantly altered with the carotenoids tested, irrespective of the use of unprimed or primed spleen cells. Carotenoid actions on Th cells may vary in each carotenoid and do not seem to be closely associated with carotenoid antioxidant activity or relative polarity.
Distributed Noninterference

Noninterference is the classic information flow property that establishes the absence of illegal information flows. Legality of flows is originally defined with respect to a single security setting that is based on a security lattice that orders security levels according to their confidentiality and/or integrity. This paper proposes a natural generalization of noninterference to a distributed security setting where each computation domain establishes its own local security lattice. Referred to as distributed noninterference (DNI), the new security property implies that information flows respect the allowed flow policy of the domains where they are computed. The semantic coherence between DNI and other information flow related properties for distributed settings is established. We present a type and effect system that enforces DNI for an expressive distributed higher-order lambda-calculus with imperative features and code migration.
Generating Visual Flickers for Eliciting Robust Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials at Flexible Frequencies Using Monitor Refresh Rate

In the study of steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs), it remains a challenge to present visual flickers at flexible frequencies using monitor refresh rate. For example, in an SSVEP-based brain-computer interface (BCI), it is difficult to present a large number of visual flickers simultaneously on a monitor. This study aims to explore whether or how a newly proposed frequency approximation approach changes signal characteristics of SSVEPs. At 10 Hz and 12 Hz, the SSVEPs elicited using two refresh rates (75 Hz and 120 Hz) were measured separately to represent the approximation and constant-period approaches. This study compared amplitude, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), phase, latency, scalp distribution, and frequency detection accuracy of SSVEPs elicited using the two approaches. To further prove the efficacy of the approximation approach, this study implemented an eight-target BCI using frequencies from 8–15 Hz. The SSVEPs elicited by the two approaches were found comparable with regard to all parameters except amplitude and SNR of SSVEPs at 12 Hz. The BCI obtained an averaged information transfer rate (ITR) of 95.0 bits/min across 10 subjects with a maximum ITR of 120 bits/min on two subjects, the highest ITR reported in the SSVEP-based BCIs. This study clearly showed that the frequency approximation approach can elicit robust SSVEPs at flexible frequencies using monitor refresh rate and thereby can largely facilitate various SSVEP-related studies in neural engineering and visual neuroscience.
Joint source and channel matching with channel estimation for robust image transmission over wireless channel

Joint source and channel coding (JSCC), multicarrier modulation (MCM) and diversity are some key techniques for multimedia transmission over wireless channels. We first investigate the channel estimation problem for the MCM system with multiple transmitter antennas. A model based channel estimation approach is proposed to identify the multiple channels simultaneously. We then apply the model based channel estimation in a joint source and channel matching (JSCM) scheme for the robust progressive image transmission. It is shown that the channel estimation affects not only the image decoding at the receiver but also the rate allocation at the transmitter. It is important to jointly consider the channel estimation and JSCM scheme to improve the quality of image transmission.
A Systematic Review of the Effects of Single-Event Multilevel Surgery on Gait Parameters in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Background Three-dimensional gait analysis (3DGA) is commonly used to assess the effect of orthopedic single-event multilevel surgery (SEMLS) in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Purpose The purpose of this systematic review is to provide an overview of different orthopedic SEMLS interventions and their effects on 3DGA parameters in children with spastic CP. Methods A comprehensive literature search within six databases revealed 648 records, from which 89 articles were selected for the full-text review and 24 articles (50 studies) included for systematic review. The Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Scale and the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) were used to appraise and determine the quality of the studies. Results Except for one level II study, all studies were graded as level III according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Scale. The MINORS score for comparative studies (n = 6) was on average 15.7/24, while non-comparative studies (n = 18) scored on average 9.8/16. Nineteen kinematic and temporal-distance gait parameters were selected, and a majority of studies reported improvements after SEMLS interventions. The largest improvements were seen in knee range of motion, knee flexion at initial contact and minimal knee flexion in stance phase, ankle dorsiflexion at initial contact, maximum dorsiflexion in stance and in swing phase, hip rotation and foot progression angles. However, changes in 3DGA parameters varied based on the focus of the SEMLS intervention. Discussion The current article provides a novel overview of a variety of SEMLS interventions within different SEMLS focus areas and the post-operative changes in 3DGA parameters. This overview will assist clinicians and researchers as a potential theoretical framework to further improve SEMLS techniques within different SEMLS focus groups. In addition, it can also be used as a tool to enhance communication with parents, although the results of the studies can’t be generalised and a holistic approach is needed when considering SEMLS in a child with spastic CP.
Is Reading Important in Reading-Readiness Programs? A Randomized Field Trial with Teachers as Program Implementers.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness and feasibility of phonological awareness training, with and without a beginning decoding component. Thirty-three teachers in 8 urban schools were assigned randomly within their schools to 3 groups: control, phonological awareness training, and phonological awareness training with beginning decoding instruction and practice. Following training, teachers in the 2 treatment groups conducted the treatments for about 20 weeks. In each teacher's class, pre- and posttreatment data were collected on 12-14 children (N = 404); 312 children were tested again the following fall. At the end of kindergarten, the 2 treatment groups performed comparably and outperformed controls on the phonological awareness measures. On alphabetic (reading and spelling) tasks, however, the group participating in phonological awareness training with beginning decoding instruction did better than the other 2 groups. In the fall of the next year, many of these between-group differences remained but were less impressive. Implications are discussed for bridging research and practice.
Experimental verification of the Shockley--Read--Hall recombination theory in silicon

The dependence of carrier lifetime on injection level has been measured in silicon power devices. As examples, the results of an Au-doped and an as-processed, not intentionally doped, specimen are given. The experimental results confirm the Shockley–Read–Hall recombination theory. The ratio of the capture cross-sections of the holes and electrons is calculated.
SEGREGATION AND PACKAGING OF GRANULE ENZYMES IN EOSINOPHILIC LEUKOCYTES

During their differentiation in the bone marrow, eosinophilic leukocytes synthesize a number of enzymes and package them into secretory granules. The pathway by which three enzymes (peroxidase, acid phosphatase, and arylsulfatase) are segregated and packaged into specific granules of eosinophils was investigated by cytochemistry and electron microscopy. During the myelocyte stage, peroxidase is present within (a) all rough ER cisternae, including transitional elements and the perinuclear cisterna; (b) clusters of smooth vesicles at the periphery of the Golgi complex; (c) all Golgi cisternae; and (d) all immature and mature specific granules. At later stages, after granule formation has ceased, peroxidase is not seen in ER or Golgi elements and is demonstrable only in granules. The distribution of acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase was similar, except that the reaction was more variable and fully condensed (mature) granules were not reactive. These results are in accord with the general pathway for intracellular transport of secretory proteins demonstrated in the pancreas exocrine cell by Palade and coworkers. The findings also demonstrate (a) that in the eosinophil the stacked Golgi cisternae participate in the segregation of secretory proteins and (b) that the entire rough ER and all the Golgi cisternae are involved in the simultaneous segregation and packaging of several proteins.
Gait measurement and quantitative analysis in patients with Parkinson's disease for rehabilitation assessment

Patients with Parkinson's disease have symptom of walking disorders which can be alleviated by surgery. By evaluating gait kinematics, the effect of medical treatment can be quantitatively assessed. In this paper, a method using image markers based on rigid body was introduced to set markers on anatomy key points of human lower limbs, which efficiently reduced the measurement errors coming from the skin movement during motions. Eleven Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) implantation and five non-diseased subjects participated in gait measurement experiments. They were divided into groups of three different status: DBS ON, DBS OFF and Controls, and the subjects' gaits were recorded by a motion capture instruments. By calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of image markers in several gait cycles, we obtained gait kinematics and spatiotemporal parameters, such as joints angles, stride interval, cadence, stride length, and stride velocity. The gait parameters of DBS ON, DBS OFF and Controls were compared in pairs by the One-way Analysis of Variance. We found that the joint angle rotation range, stride length and stride velocity of each group all show a significant difference between the diseased and non-diseased (p<;0.01), and that with patients' relief of symptoms, the value discrepancies of these parameters became more obvious (DBS OFF <; DBS ON <; Controls). Analysis based on experiments shows that the method proposed here is an effective way to measure gait parameters, which can be used in patients with Parkinson's disease for quantitative rehabilitation assessment.
Machiavellianism and Business Education

The Mach IV test was administered to 206 undergraduate university students to compare business with nonbusiness students and to compare business students majoring in different fields, such as Marketing, Human Resource Management, and Accounting and Finance. Analysis partially supported the common stereotype that business students, and marketing students in particular, are more Machiavellian than are nonbusiness students.
Zone Identification for Gujarati Handwritten Word

The research activity related to Optical Character Recognition (OCR) for almost all Indian languages needs more attention. The Gujarati language is no exception. This paper describes an important phase of OCR namely zone identification for Gujarati words. The zone identification is used to extract modifiers in the upper side of the base character called upper zone containing upper modifiers and lower side of the base character called lower zone containing lower modifiers. Detection of upper zone and lower zone will lead to detection of middle zone which contains most of the basic characters, conjunct characters and few modifiers, if any, as part of middle zone. The paper describes a process based on distance transform for identifying various zones for handwritten Gujarati words.
Second‐generation effects of unresolved trauma in nonmaltreating parents: Dissociated, frightened, and threatening parental behavior

À T r a . H \ r v l H o R \ o R l c \ Á l l D u i t h i l I h " d o m r i n o t p ' ) c h o Aanrl} i . : rnd l rke mlcl 'of p.) , \o"nJlytrc r l -eor l exJírune' he influence of early developmenl upon both healthy and pathological forms of psychological functioning (Bowlby, 1969). Both attachment theory and its accompanying reserJch paradigms differ lrom lradi iional psychoanalytic peÍspectives, however. in (à) focusing on the evolutionaÍy origins or the adapiive (biological) function ofthe child's