Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation and optimization of Tri-Gates in a 22 nm hybrid Tri-Gate/planar process

A Tri-Gate structure built into a planar 22 nm bulk process was investigated by 3-D device simulations (Sentaurus D-2010). The planar process flow sequence was extended with extra Tri-Gate patterning, but otherwise all implants were shared, as could be done in simultaneous processing of planar and Tri-Gate CMOS. A comparison of planar and Tri-Gate transistors with the same planar dopant profiles shows a substantial improvement of subthreshold slope, DIBL, and VT-rolloff for Tri-Gates. The electrical behavior of the Tri-Gate transistor has been studied for various Tri-Gate heights and widths. A large space of Tri-Gate dimensions outperformed planar in terms of electrostatics and ION-IOFF characteristics.
Human Networks in Organizational Information Processing.

This chapter of ARIST is the first one to deal with this question. Human networks are central to information dissemination in organizations. The chapter reviews a wide and multidisciplinary literature relating to human networks and information processing in organizations for insights into how information professionals can better adapt their services to accomodate the realities of human information handling in organizations. The review commences with a consideration of formal and informal structures and associated information flows in organizations and their interactions, then focuses on a range of literature pertaining to information networks and information processing, the information role of corporate cultures, and an examination of the human role of the how the human role element has been treated in theoriese of organizational information processing. The authors concludes by analyzing implications of human networks for the effective management of information in organizations
Improved Stance Prediction in a User Similarity Feature Space

Predicting the stance of social media users on a topic can be challenging, particularly for users who never express explicit stances. Earlier work has shown that using users' historical or non-relevant tweets can be used to predict stance. We build on prior work by making use of users' interaction elements, such as retweeted accounts and mentioned hashtags, to compute the similarities between users and to classify new users in a user similarity feature space. We show that this approach significantly improves stance prediction on two datasets that differ in terms of language, topic, and cultural background.
A case study on discrimination of identical twins in India

In this paper, case study on fingerprints of twins has been carried out on an original database of twenty eight twins to understand the difficulties in discrimination. Database of 28 twins is created by collecting fingerprints from different parts of Maharashtra state, India by using optical fingerprint sensor with ultra-precise 500 DPI resolution. After creating the database, a fingerprint impression of each twin is studied in detail. The study is mainly conducted for intra class classification and salient minutiae identification. These fingerprints are compared and studied. This paper is discusses discrimination issues of them. Mat lab based software is developed for this purpose and tested for identification of twins. Mat lab based software is quiet capable of recognizing the images from database and has a % accuracy of 67.5 with False Acceptance Rate (FAR) and False Rejection Rate (FAR)of 11.5 % and 32.5 respectively. Results show that the twins having same class of fingerprints can be discriminated only at minutiae level.
The self–society dynamic: The social contexts of self-feeling

Two historically important themes in sociological thought often receive only lip service in current sociological examinations of the self-conception. First, the self-conception is often treated strictly as a cognitive phenomenon, divorced from affect. In contrast, Charles Horton Cooley (1902), the first major sociologist to make the self central in understanding the person in social structure, asserted the primacy of the self-sentiments. He identified the sense of my and mine and the associated emotional experiences as the first manifestations of a sense of self. If Cooley was correct, and affect precedes the cognitive formulation of who I am, we may be asking too much when we assume that people can easily translate the vague sense of who they are into words. Rather than asking people to answer the question, Who am I? we may learn more by asking people when they feel real and when they feel unreal. A second common practice among sociologists is to describe the self as merely an internalized organization of social roles, memberships, and personal dispositions. However, a distinctive sociological theme in behavioral studies has been the importance of the situational contexts in which attitudes and behavior are manifested. A key orienting hypothesis in the sociological study of self-processes should be that self-disco very, self-recognition, and self-presentation take place in identifiable social contexts. A disproportionate emphasis on ascertaining each individual's internalized conception of self has diverted attention from exploring self-in-situation interactions through which discovery and recognition of self occur.
Temperament, gender role consonance, and problem behaviors in adolescence.

TEMPERAMENT, GENDER ROLE CONSONANCE, AND PROBLEM BEHAVIORS IN ADOLESCENCE SEPTEMBER 1999 ELIZA T. MCARDLE, B.A., WELLESLEY COLLEGE M.S., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Sally I. Powers The present study is an attempt to expand on current understandings of the relation between temperament and adolescent problem behaviors, using gender role consonance as a measure of environmental goodness of fit. While several studies have determined that certain early childhood temperamental characteristics are predictive of a range of internalizing and externalizing behaviors, very little has been done to assess the current temperamental make-up of these internalizing or externalizing adolescents in relation to their sex. Thus, we directly explored the relation between current adolescent temperament ratings, sex, and consequent internalizing and externalizing patterns of behavior. Our sample consisted of 33 (39.8%) males and 50 (60.2%) females whose ages ranged from 15 to 20 years old with a mean age of 16.9 years old (SD=1.25). The adolescents were administered the Revised Dimensions of Temperament Questionnaire (DOTS-R) and the Youth Self-Report (YSR). Simple regression analyses showed that internalizing difficulties are associated with an overall difficult temperament, and specifically with a tendency to withdraw from new people or experiences, with increased
PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE DESIGN OF AUTONOMOUS MOBILE ROBOTS

This paper addresses the practical challenges that engineers encounter when designing autonomous mobile robots. The issues faced are multi-disciplinary in nature and become exponentially more complex as the behavioural diversity and robustness requirements of the robot are increased. In response to the need for a highly effective generalised suite of principles to aid the design of autonomous machines, a set of eight practical design guidelines are proposed. These principles directly complement the embodied design principles which represent one of the most complete design methodologies developed to date. The effectiveness of these principles is qualitatively assessed through direct comparison of a robot platform designed using these principles with an analogous platform which was not.
An Investigation of Motivational Variables in CrossFit Facilities

Abstract Partridge, JA, Knapp, BA, and Massengale, BD. An investigation of motivational variables in CrossFit facilities. J Strength Cond Res 28(6): 1714–1721, 2014—CrossFit is a growing fitness trend in the United States; however, little systematic research has addressed specific motivational principles within this unique exercise environment. The purpose of the study was to explore the influence of gender and membership time on perceptions of motivational climate and goals within the CrossFit environment. Specifically, people may set goals related to self-improvement (i.e., mastery) or focus on their performance in comparison to others (i.e., performance). Motivational climate refers to an individual's perception of being encouraged to focus on either mastery or performance goals from CrossFit trainers. A total of 144 members (88 females; 56 males) completed questionnaires to assess participants' perceptions of CrossFit goal structures and perceptions of the motivational climate encouraged by the trainer within their CrossFit box. Results indicated a significant main effect for gender on preferred goals (p ⩽ 0.05), with males reporting higher levels of performance approach goals and females reporting higher levels of master avoidance goals. Participants who reported shorter membership times were found to have significantly higher mastery-related goals than individuals who reported longer membership times (p ⩽ 0.05). The results from the study suggest that practitioners should consider how perceptions of the motivational climate and goals in group-based exercise settings such as CrossFit may vary based on demographic variables, and that these differences may impact how to most effectively motivate, encourage, and instruct group members, particularly with regard to helping members set goals that most effectively address their approach to the CrossFit regimen.
Variable Action Potential Backpropagation during Tonic Firing and Low-Threshold Spike Bursts in Thalamocortical But Not Thalamic Reticular Nucleus Neurons

Backpropagating action potentials (bAPs) are indispensable in dendritic signaling. Conflicting Ca2+-imaging data and an absence of dendritic recording data means that the extent of backpropagation in thalamocortical (TC) and thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) neurons remains unknown. Because TRN neurons signal electrically through dendrodendritic gap junctions and possibly via chemical dendritic GABAergic synapses, as well as classical axonal GABA release, this lack of knowledge is problematic. To address this issue, we made two-photon targeted patch-clamp recordings from rat TC and TRN neuron dendrites to measure bAPs directly. These recordings reveal that “tonic”' and low-threshold-spike (LTS) “burst” APs in both cell types are always recorded first at the soma before backpropagating into the dendrites while undergoing substantial distance-dependent dendritic amplitude attenuation. In TC neurons, bAP attenuation strength varies according to firing mode. During LTS bursts, somatic AP half-width increases progressively with increasing spike number, allowing late-burst spikes to propagate more efficiently into the dendritic tree compared with spikes occurring at burst onset. Tonic spikes have similar somatic half-widths to late burst spikes and undergo similar dendritic attenuation. In contrast, in TRN neurons, AP properties are unchanged between LTS bursts and tonic firing and, as a result, distance-dependent dendritic attenuation remains consistent across different firing modes. Therefore, unlike LTS-associated global electrical and calcium signals, the spatial influence of bAP signaling in TC and TRN neurons is more restricted, with potentially important behavioral-state-dependent consequences for synaptic integration and plasticity in thalamic neurons. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In most neurons, action potentials (APs) initiate in the axosomatic region and propagate into the dendritic tree to provide a retrograde signal that conveys information about the level of cellular output to the locations that receive most input: the dendrites. In thalamocortical and thalamic reticular nucleus neurons, the site of AP generation and the true extent of backpropagation remain unknown. Using patch-clamp recordings, this study measures dendritic propagation of APs directly in these neurons. In either cell type, high-frequency low-threshold spike burst or lower-frequency tonic APs undergo substantial voltage attenuation as they spread into the dendritic tree. Therefore, backpropagating spikes in these cells can only influence signaling in the proximal part of the dendritic tree.
Rationality, rational analysis and human reasoning

Book synopsis: This collection brings together a set of specially commissioned chapters from leading international researchers in the psychology of reasoning. Its purpose is to explore the historical, philosophical and theoretical implications of the development of this field. Taking the unusual approach of engaging not only with empirical data but also with the ideas and concepts underpinning the psychology of reasoning, this volume has important implications both for psychologists and other students of cognition, including philosophers. Sub-fields covered include mental logic, mental models, rational analysis, social judgement theory, game theory and evolutionary theory. There are also specific chapters dedicated to the history of syllogistic reasoning, the psychology of reasoning as it operates in scientific theory and practice, Brunswickian approaches to reasoning and task environments, and the implications of Popper's philosophy for models of behaviour testing. This cross-disciplinary dialogue and the range of material covered makes this an invaluable reference for students and researchers into the psychology and philosophy of reasoning.
Living liminality: Maternal subjectivity in the context of raising children with autism

Autism is a severe developmental disorder that begins at birth or within the first few years of life. Research shows that mothers do the bulk of the parenting work in raising children with special needs, including autism. Despite the prevalence of autism, a dearth of literature considers, as central, the maternal experience in raising a child with special needs. This qualitative study focuses on the disorder of autism with the objective of elucidating how the context of autism shapes maternal meaning-making and subjectivity. Additionally, this dissertation examines how mothers of children with autism construct or reconstruct their meanings of motherhood as a result of their maternal experiences. Grounded theory methods were employed in order to develop theory from the conceptualization of the data. The investigation consisted of in-depth audio taped interviews with 15 mothers of a child diagnosed with autism and participant observation in monthly parent support groups in the metropolitan Atlanta area. Results showed that the experiences of raising a child in the current sociohistorical context of autism give rise to distinct maternal practices and perceptual processes that, over time, shape maternal subjectivity. More specifically, the context of autism is shaped by the experience of liminality, that is, the experience of existing between conditions that is characterized by the dislocation of established contexts, structures and systems and ongoing uncertainty regarding the future. For the subjects involved in this study, the experience of living liminality facilitated the development of distinct orienting contexts for making-meaning and navigating intrapersonal and interpersonal experiences that, in turn, manifested in a reappraisal and reconstruction of maternal subjectivity. These findings have implications for professionals and practitioners who work with mothers and families whose lives are shaped by autism. Recognition of mothers’ meaning-making and coping can influence the efficacy of treatment approaches for mothers raising children on the spectrum, in addition to family therapy approaches, and child-based educational and therapeutic efforts. By making these experiences evident, this study contributes to the body of feminist psychological literature that challenges and extends mainstream conceptualizations of mothers, motherhood, and maternal development. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Education First Advisor Diana Slaughter-Defoe This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations/331 Second Advisor Katherine Schultz Third Advisor Milagros Cordero
Understanding organizational diversity management programs: A theoretical framework and directions for future research

Summary With the changing demographic composition of the workforce, managing diversity in organizations is an important organizational function. Organizations have employed varying approaches to diversity management (DM), resulting in varying organizational outcomes. Meanwhile, researchers have called for more theoretical development within the DM area. We present a framework rooted in social and cross-cultural psychological research, to foster theory development and empirical testing in the area of DM. We also derive several propositions to guide future research on DM and note some boundary conditions that suggest research opportunities of their own. Our framework contributes a theoretical conceptualization that enhances our understanding of organizations' DM efforts, integrates current typologies, and suggests new directions of inquiry for management scholars as well as guidelines for practitioners in the area. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing Contextual Suggestion

Assessment for the TREC Contextual Suggestion Track is unusual in that it depends on the personal preferences of assessors. During the initial phase of the track, assessors rate points-of-interests in a source city (Philadelphia for TREC 2013) in terms of their own interests. These rankings are distributed to participating groups, who are given about a month to generate point-of-interest suggestions for fty other target cities around the United States, with personalized suggestions generated for each assessor on the basis of their ratings for the source city. These suggestions are then returned for rating, with each assessor rating their personalized suggestions for one or two of the target cites. Eectiveness scores (e.g., precision at rank 5) are then computed from these ratings. Unlike traditional TREC tasks, such as adhoc retrieval, it is not possible to measure assessor agreement, since each assessor is rating each point-in-interest in terms of their own personal preferences. Instead, we measure assessor consistency, which we dene as an assessor’s tendency to rank systems in the same order as other assessors. While consistency can be quite high for some assessors, and appears reasonable for most assessors, we have been unable to identify predictors of assessor consistency, including past consistency.
US Preschoolers' Media Exposure and Dietary Habits: The primacy of television and the limits of parental mediation

A potential barrier to healthy eating in childhood is media marketing of obesogenic foods, yet little research has linked young children's media and dietary habits. This study reports data from 423 parents and 354 2- to 4-year-old children in the Midwestern United States, from the first wave of a 3-wave prospective panel study. Variables included family demographics, child media exposure, parent mediation of TV, child dietary habits, and child BMI. Controlling demographics and parent BMI, media exposure and parental mediation were unrelated to child BMI. However, TV viewing predicted increased intake of high-energy, low-nutrient (HELN) foods and decreased intake of fruits and vegetables. Restrictive parental mediation reduced some of these relationships, whereas coviewing and instructive mediation increased others. TV viewing continued to predict intake of some HELN foods for the 322 children whose parents limited their daily screen media exposure to 2 hours. Discussion focuses on future research directions and policy implications.
Passenger counting based on Kinect

People counting is a very promising intellectual application in video surveillance system. Presently, a more advanced counting method is based on the three-dimensional visual tracking. However, conventional tracking method has some defects such as: complex three-dimensional visual model, poor accuracy, difficult to match object and so on. In this paper, we adopt Microsoft Kinect and OpenNI driver as the image input source, which can provide scene depth image and color image simultaneously. We carry out target detection based on threshold segmentation, mathematical morphology and perspective projection; and propose a target tracking method based on Bayesian tracking framework. The experimental results show that the method has a high target detection rate and high target tracking counting accuracy.
Unconscious Class Awareness: The reception of class dimensions in television fiction and news

Television depicts people from different social classes, with middle class characters often dominating. How do television viewers receive this? This article discusses the reception of social class dimensions while watching television, drawing on a reception analysis conducted in Sweden in the early 1990s. The aim was to analyse if and how Swedish television viewers perceive the social class position of characters and persons in different kinds of television fiction and news. Both qualitative reception interviews and a questionnaire were used. One main conclusion was that informants usually can give some classification of social position when asked about it but this was mostly not something that they reflected upon while watching. It is argued that this result can be understood as an outcome of both cognitive processes and class embarrassment. However, attention for social position was somewhat higher when watching fiction and lower when watching news.
Cognitive processes in choice and decision behavior

Abstract : Recent years have been important changes in research in behavioral decision theory in terms of a shift from a reliance on economic and statistical models to an emphasis on concepts drawn from cognitive psychology. This report constitutes the proceedings of a conference held June 22-24, 1978, for the purpose of exploring the reasons why the changes have come about and discussing the future directions to which they point. The report contains a preface, 14 original chapters, and a reprint, each authored by various people as indicated separately for each contribution, three broad themes are woven throughout the various discussions of how cognitive limitations and processes affect choice and decision behavior. Some chapters focus on fruitful ways to enlarge the range of decision paradigms studied, others provide examples of richer psychological theories for understanding decision behavior, and a few chapters explore mathematical models in a manner to reflect cognitive rather than economic considerations.
An Introduction to Array Logic

After a discussion of the reasons for choosing to implement logic in array form. a detailed description of the nature of array logic is given. Topics specifically discussed include general array structures and implementation, influence of decoder partitioning, design of logic arrays, output phase, "split" variables, feedback in logic arrays, and reconfiguration.
Mobile Location Based on Scatterer Information

Mobile location techniques in wireless communication networks have received significant attention in recent years. However, accurate location estimation using geolocation techniques is impeded by the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation and hearability issues. In this paper, we propose a single station location technique based on the assumptions that the scatterers are single reflection and geometrically fixed during the measurement period. Two sets of measurements corresponding to two separate positions of the same mobile station are required. Since the scatterer scenario is considered, this method is less sensitive to NLOS effect and more accurate than the conventional methods