Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotion : Vertical Integration of Brainstem , Limbic , and Cortical Systems

The neural organization of human emotion spans multiple levels of the brain, from the elementary adaptive reflexes of the lower brainstem, to the complex visceral and somatic integration of the hypothalamus and thalamus, to the control of memory and cognition in limbic-cortical networks. At each level, there are implications not only for the experience and expression of emotion, but for the effective motivation of behavior. At the level of the pontine brainstem, for example, there are neural representations of elementary patterns of laughing and crying. These emotional displays become disinhibited when lesions disrupt the fiber tracts mediating limbic and cortical modulation of the brainstem responses (Rinn, 1984). Anencephalic infants, born with only a brainstem, show well organized facial displays of pleasure and distress (Buck, 1988). At the pontine level, we also find critical motivational mechanisms in the nuclei of the ascending monoamine projection systems that regulate arousal and alertness according to both internal states and environmental events (Bloom, 1988). The challenge for a neuropsychology of emotion is to explain how the elementary levels of the neuraxis are coordinated with higher cortical systems to control behavior adaptively. In this chapter, we review the basic outlines of the anatomy and physiology of human emotion, describing the multiple levels of emotional control that have resulted from the progressive elaborations of the mesencephalic, diencephalic, and telencephalic levels of visceral, reflexive, and behavioral organization in vertebrate evolution. We emphasize the need to understand vertical integration, how these levels coalesce effectively. Two principles may help with this problem of understanding vertical integration. The first principle is Jacksonian hierarchic integration through inhibitory control, through which fixed-action lower circuits are subordinated to the representational flexibility of higher networks. The second, and related, principle is encephalization, through which higher, general-purpose brain networks take on the functions formerly served by lower, fixed-action circuits. By sketching the outlines of all of the major emotion control circuits of the mammalian brain, and then considering these in light of the complex Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology of Emotion 2 psychological qualities of human emotion, we attempt to formulate more clearly, even if we can not answer satisfactorily, the fascinating question of vertical integration of human brain systems. The hierarchic architecture of the human brain can be understood through a developmental-evolutionary analysis. Seen from the perspective of engineering or computer science, the human brain presents a convoluted and confusing circuit architecture. This architecture makes sense only …
Doppler Frequency Estimation in Multipath Fading

As prior knowledge of Doppler frequency has been found useful in many applications of mobile communications, it is necessary to estimate the Doppler frequency at the mobile station (MS) based on the received fading signal. Rice et al 1] had derived Doppler frequency estimates using continuous-time received fading signals. In the present investigation, level crossing rate (LCR) and autocorrelation function (ACF) methods using the discrete-time received signal are developed for the estimation of Doppler frequency. Simulation results show that both methods agree closely with the actual Doppler frequencies. Reeected by the local scatterers, the incoming plane waves arrive at the MS from many diierent directions and with many delays. The received signal at the MS is made up of many horizontally travelling plane waves with random amplitudes and phases. If the transmitted signal is assumed to be vertically polarized, the continuous-time received signal model can then be derived 2]. If the number of incoming plane waves is large, the quadrature components of the received signal are approximately Gaussian distributed, according to the Central Limit Theorem. If there is no line-of-sight (LOS) path between the base station (BS) and MS, the quadrature components have zero mean and same variance 2. In this paper, the discrete-time signal model is derived from the continuous-time model, which is written as below: x(k) = N X n=1 n cos(! c k + ! n k + n) (1) where n is the amplitude of the n th incident wave, ! c is the carrier frequency, ! n = 2f m cos n is the Doppler frequency due to the mobility of MS, f m is the maximum Doppler frequency , n is the incident angle of the n th wave, and n is the phase of the n th incident wave.
On weak base hypotheses and their implications for boosting regression and classification

When studying the training error and the prediction error for boosting, it is often assumed that the hypotheses returned by the base learner are weakly accurate, or are able to beat a random guesser by a certain amount of difference. It has been an open question how much this difference can be, whether it will eventually disappear in the boosting process or be bounded by a positive amount. This question is crucial for the behavior of both the training error and the prediction error. In this paper we study this problem and show affirmatively that the amount of improvement over the random guesser will be at least a positive amount for almost all possible sample realizations and for most of the commonly used base hypotheses. This has a number of implications for the prediction error, including, for example, that boosting forever may not be good and regularization may be necessary. The problem is studied by first considering an analog of AdaBoost in regression, where we study similar properties and find that, for good performance, one cannot hope to avoid regularization by just adopting the boosting device to regression.
Sim2Real View Invariant Visual Servoing by Recurrent Control

Humans are remarkably proficient at controlling their limbs and tools from a wide range of viewpoints and angles, even in the presence of optical distortions. In robotics, this ability is referred to as visual servoing: moving a tool or end-point to a desired location using primarily visual feedback. In this paper, we study how viewpoint-invariant visual servoing skills can be learned automatically in a robotic manipulation scenario. To this end, we train a deep recurrent controller that can automatically determine which actions move the end-point of a robotic arm to a desired object. The problem that must be solved by this controller is fundamentally ambiguous: under severe variation in viewpoint, it may be impossible to determine the actions in a single feedforward operation. Instead, our visual servoing system must use its memory of past movements to understand how the actions affect the robot motion from the current viewpoint, correcting mistakes and gradually moving closer to the target. This ability is in stark contrast to most visual servoing methods, which either assume known dynamics or require a calibration phase. We show how we can learn this recurrent controller using simulated data and a reinforcement learning objective. We then describe how the resulting model can be transferred to a real-world robot by disentangling perception from control and only adapting the visual layers. The adapted model can servo to previously unseen objects from novel viewpoints on a real-world Kuka IIWA robotic arm. For supplementary videos, see: this https URL
MRI-based biomechanical parameters for carotid artery plaque vulnerability assessment

Summary Carotid atherosclerotic plaques are a major cause of ischaemic stroke. The biomechanical environment to which the arterial wall and plaque is subjected to plays an important role in the initiation, progression and rupture of carotid plaques. MRI is frequently used to characterize the morphology of a carotid plaque, but new developments in MRI enable more functional assessment of carotid plaques. In this review, MRI based biomechanical parameters are evaluated on their current status, clinical applicability, and future developments. Blood flow related biomechanical parameters, including endothelial wall shear stress and oscillatory shear index, have been shown to be related to plaque formation. Deriving these parameters directly from MRI flow measurements is feasible and has great potential for future carotid plaque development prediction. Blood pressure induced stresses in a plaque may exceed the tissue strength, potentially leading to plaque rupture. Multi-contrast MRI based stress calculations in combination with tissue strength assessment based on MRI inflammation imaging may provide a plaque stress-strength balance that can be used to assess the plaque rupture risk potential. Direct plaque strain analysis based on dynamic MRI is already able to identify local plaque displacement during the cardiac cycle. However, clinical evidence linking MRI strain to plaque vulnerability is still lacking. MRI based biomechanical parameters may lead to improved assessment of carotid plaque development and rupture risk. However, better MRI systems and faster sequences are required to improve the spatial and temporal resolution, as well as increase the image contrast and signal-to-noise ratio.
Technology in Paralympic sport: performance enhancement or essential for performance?

Background People with disabilities often depend on assistive devices to enable activities of daily living as well as to compete in sport. Technological developments in sport can be controversial. Objectives To review, identify and describe current technological developments in assistive devices used in the summer Paralympic Games; and to prepare for the London 2012 Games, the future challenges and the role of technology are debated. Methods A systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature and personal observations of technological developments at the Athens (2004) and Beijing (2008) Paralympic Games was conducted. Results Standard assistive devices can inhibit the Paralympians’ abilities to perform the strenuous activities of their sports. Although many Paralympic sports only require technology similar to their Olympic counterparts, several unique technological modifications have been made in prosthetic and wheelchair devices. Technology is essential for the Paralympic athlete, and the potential technological advantage for a Paralympian, when competing against an Olympian, is unclear. Conclusion Technology must match the individual requirements of the athlete with the sport in order for Paralympians to safely maximise their performance. Within the ‘performance enhancement or essential for performance? ’ debate, any potential increase in mechanical performance from an assistive device must be considered holistically with the compensatory consequences the disability creates. To avoid potential technology controversies at the 2012 London Olympic and Paralympic Games, the role of technology in sport must be clarified.
Management matters: the link between hospital organisation and quality of patient care

Some hospital trusts and health authorities consistently outperform others on different dimensions of performance. Why? There is some evidence that “management matters”, as well as the combined efforts of individual clinicians and teams. However, studies that have been conducted on the link between the organisation and management of services and quality of patient care can be criticised both theoretically and methodologically. A larger, and arguably more rigorous, body of work exists on the performance of firms in the private sector, often conducted within the disciplines of organisational behaviour or human resource management. Studies in these traditions have focused on the effects of decentralisation, participation, innovative work practices, and “complementarities” on outcome variables such as job satisfaction and performance. The aim of this paper is to identify a number of reviews and research traditions that might bring new ideas into future work on the determinants of hospital performance. Ideally, future research should be more theoretically informed and should use longitudinal rather than cross sectional research designs. The use of statistical methods such as multilevel modelling, which allow for the inclusion of variables at different levels of analysis, would enable estimation of the separate contribution that structure and process make to hospital outcomes.
An implemented theory of mind to improve human-robot shared plans execution

When a robot has to execute a shared plan with a human, a number of unexpected situations and contingencies can happen due, essentially, to human initiative. For instance, a temporary absence or inattention of the human can entail a partial, and potentially not sufficient, knowledge about the current situation. To ensure a successful and fluent execution of the shared plan the robot might need to detect such situations and be able to provide the information to its human partner about what he missed without being annoying or intrusive. To do so, we have developed a framework which allows a robot to estimate the other agents mental states not only about the environment but also about the state of goals, plans and actions and to take them into account when executing human-robot shared plans.
Study on Shock Resistance of MEMS Devices with Different Stoppers

The shock resistance of the MEMS device can be improved by simplifying its structure, but it will reduce accuracy. A commonly implemented solution that strengthens the shock resistance is the use of stopper. However, the collision between MEMS structure and stopper in shock environment may lead to the failure of the device. Hence, stopper should have a fine protection performance. In this study, the design method and principle of the MEMS device in the shock environment were analyzed. It was pointed out that the reliability design methodology of the MEMS device based on statics theory was insufficient. Next, the response of MEMS device to shock was studied and the shock dynamics model was established. Based on the model, the shock response of the traditional design and designs with different stoppers were analyzed. At last, experiments were carried out and the protection performance of different stoppers was evaluated. Results show that the use of stopper can obviously improve the shock resistance of the device. Elastic stopper can strengthen the shock resistance of the device greatly because of the excellent protection ability, while hard stopper may cause the emergence of the sharp stress wave.
Optimization Synthesis on Water Running Mechanism of Biped Robot

A mechanism based on a four-linkage mechanism and a hybrid-drive six-linkage mechanism is designed to imitate the function of the basilisk lizard running on water. The kinematics analysis of the water running mechanism is carried out by using the linkage mechanism kinematics and the D-H method. Then the stability analysis of the mechanism is carried out according to the critical conditions. At last the mechanism is simulated and optimized for getting the maximum momentum in the slap phase and the maximum force in the stroke phase. And the simulation result shows that the mechanism can satisfy the requirement of biped water running.
Finite-element-based design of axial field PMSG for wind energy conversion with MPPT control

Day after day, wind energy is cutting wider segment of energy market. Its clean nature and low running cost make it a good competitor for the traditional and the other renewable energy sources. The electrical generator is the key component of the wind energy generating system. Properly designed generator can maximize the energy gain. Axial field permanent magnet synchronous generator is the choice whenever the axial compactness and the simple manufacturing are the main concerns. This paper presents a three-dimensional finite element based design for a double-rotor single-ironless-stator permanent magnet axial field synchronous generator suitable for simple manufacturing and high efficiency wind generating systems. The dynamic performance of the designed generator is tested when coupled to a wind turbine to clarify its advantages when used for this type of applications. A MPPT control system is adopted to extract the maximum available power from the wind. The simulation results clearly show the effectiveness of the proposed generating system.
Racial and ethnic differences in the effects of regular providers and self-management education on diabetes preventive care.

OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of having regular healthcare providers and diabetes self-management education (DSME) on the receipt of diabetes preventive care among all groups and by race/ethnicity. DATA SOURCE The 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey. METHODS Logistic regression analyses were performed for the full sample and separately for Blacks, Hispanics, and Whites. RESULTS Among all persons, having at least one regular provider and DSME were significantly associated with higher odds of receipt of a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) test, foot exam, and dilated eye exam in the past year. Results from analyses stratified by race/ethnicity reveal differential effects of having a regular provider and DSME. Among Whites, having at least one regular provider helps assure that diabetes patients receive each of the three recommended preventive services. Among Blacks, having at least one regular provider was significantly associated with receipt of an HbA1C but not other preventive services. Among Hispanics, having a regular provider was significantly associated with receipt of an HbA1C test and dilated eye exam, but not a foot exam. Independent of having a regular provider, DSME appears to be beneficial for Whites and Blacks but not Hispanics. For Whites, DSME was significantly associated with all three types of diabetes preventive care. For Blacks, DSME was significantly associated with the receipt of a foot exam but not an HbA1C test and a dilated eye exam. However, among Hispanics, DSME was not significantly associated with any of the three preventive services. CONCLUSION Access to personal healthcare providers should be promoted among Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics to assure patients with diabetes receive recommended secondary preventive services. Diabetes self-management programs should also be expanded among Whites and Blacks but may need to be modified to benefit Hispanics.
16.7 fA/cell tunnel-leakage-suppressed 16 Mb SRAM for handling cosmic-ray-induced multi-errors

A 16 Mb SRAM based on an electric-field-relaxed scheme and an alternate error checking and correction architecture for handling cosmic-ray-induced multi-errors is realized in 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. The IC has a 16.7 fA/cell standby current, a cell size of 2.06 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ and a 99.5% smaller SER.
Rising atmospheric CO2 leads to large impact of biology on Southern Ocean CO2 uptake via changes of the Revelle factor

The Southern Ocean is a key region for global carbon uptake and is characterized by a strong seasonality with the annual CO2 uptake being mediated by biological carbon drawdown in summer. Here we show that the contribution of biology to CO2 uptake will become even more important until 2100. This is the case even if biological production remains unaltered and can be explained by the decreasing buffer capacity of the ocean as its carbon content increases. The same amount of biological carbon drawdown leads to a more than twice as large reduction in CO2(aq) concentration and hence to a larger CO2 gradient between ocean and atmosphere that drives the gas exchange. While the winter uptake south of 44°S changes little, the summer uptake increases largely and is responsible for the annual mean response. The combination of decreasing buffer capacity and strong seasonality of biological carbon drawdown introduces a strong and increasing seasonality in the anthropogenic carbon uptake.
Mutation at Intronic Repeats of the Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) Gene and ATM Protein Loss in Primary Gastric Cancer with Microsatellite Instability

Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase that plays a critical role in DNA damage-induced signaling and initiation of cell cycle checkpoint signaling in response to DNA-damaging agents such as ionizing radiation. We have previously reported the ATM protein loss by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 16% of human gastric cancer (GC) tissue. We hypothesized that ATM gene intron mutations targeted by microsatellite instability (MSI) cause ATM protein loss in a subset of GC. We studied mononucleotide mutations at the intron of ATM gene, ATM IHC and MSI in GC. Ten human gastric cancer cell lines were studied for the ATM gene mutation at introns, RT-PCR, direct sequencing, and immunohistochemistry. GC tissues of 839 patients were analyzed for MSI and ATM IHC. Among them, 604 cases were analyzed for the ATM mutations at introns preceding exon 6, exon 10 and exon 20. Two human GC cell lines (SNU-1 and -638) showed ATM intron mutations, deletion in RT-PCR and direct sequencing, and ATM protein loss by IHC. The frequencies of ATM mutation, MSI, and ATM protein loss were 12.9% (78/604), 9.2% (81/882) and 15.2% (134/839), respectively. Analysis of associations among MSI, ATM gene mutation, and ATM protein loss revealed highly co-existing ATM gene alterations and MSI. ATM intron mutation and ATM protein loss were detected in 69.3% (52/75) and 53.3% (40/75) of MSI positive GC. MSI positivity and ATM protein loss were present in 68.4% (52/76) and 48.7% (37/76) of GC with ATM intron mutation. ATM mutation and ATM protein loss had characteristics of old age, distal location of tumor, large tumor size, and histologic intestinal type. Our study might be interpreted as that ATM gene mutation at intron might be targeted by MSI and lead to ATM protein loss in a selected group of GC.
A Preliminary Theory of Interorganizational Network Effectiveness : A Comparison Study of Four Community Mental Health Systems

 Six important criteria: (1) the forum is initiated by public agencies or institutions, (2) participants in the forum include nonstate actors, (3) participants engage directly in decision making and are not merely ‘‘consulted’’ by public agencies, (4) the forum is formally organized and meets collectively, (5) the forum aims to make decisions by consensus (even if consensus is not achieved in practice), and (6) the focus of collaboration is on public policy or public management.
Hypervisor Security Analyses Based on Ishikawa Methodology

Nowadays Virtualization is an underlying technology in cloud computing that simplifies data center management improves corporate resource utilization, minimizes IT hardware costs. However, cloud environment faces new security challenges as the architecture of virtualized environments differs dramatically from non-virtualized. The traditional security methods cannot be applied any more to secure system in effective way as it used to be in the past. New approaches should be applied in order to be able to meet new security challenges of technology. In this research, we apply Ishikawa approach, method from Quality Management System in order to identify many possible causes and factors for hypervisor security risks. In addition to that, to better structure the risks we based Ishikawa method on traditional security model, STRIDE Model, proposed by Microsoft. Hence, this paper firstly analyses malicious environment of virtualization technology. Secondly, it applies quality-based methodology for security analyses. As a result, we see that such approach helps to identify preventive security countermeasures that have to be considered at the earlier stage before real attacks occur.