Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Brachiopoda from the Indian Ocean

G. Arthur Cooper. New Brachiopoda from the Indian Ocean. Smithsonian Con¬ tributions to Paleobiology, number 16, 45 pages, 1 figure, 8 plates. 1973. —The collections described in this paper add significantly to the brachiopod fauna. Most of the specimens were collected on the following cruises of the Woods Hole Oceanographic research vessel Anton Bruun while participating in the biological program of the International Indian Ocean Expedition: Cruise 1, east side of the Indian Ocean and Andaman Sea; Cruise 4B, off the Gulf of Cutch in the Arabian Sea; Cruises 7 and 8, in the Mozambique Channel and off the east coast of Africa; and Cruise 9, off the east coast of the Somali Republic. Of the fifteen species in the Anton Bruun collection, nine are described as new. Three of the new species represent new genera. In addition to these a fourth new genus is based on Rhynchonella valdiviae Helmcke from the southern Indian Ocean, and a rare new species of Argyrotheca is described from the Red Sea. Species described but poorly figured by W. H. Dali also are discussed and il¬ lustrated in this paper. Available pertinent geographical and ecological data are recorded and discussed. Although Mediterranean and Atlantic brachiopod elements have been known from the Indian Ocean, the Anton Bruun collections produced two genera hitherto found only in Pacific waters. Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution’s annual report, Smithsonian Year. SI Press number 4788. Series cover design: The trilobite Phacops rana Green. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. Cooper, Gustav Arthur, 1902— New Brachiopoda from the Indian Ocean. (Smithsonian contributions to paleobiology no. 16) Bibliography: p. 1. Brachiopoda—Indian Ocean. I. Title. II. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to paleobiology, no. 16. QE701.S56 no. 16 [QL395] 591'. 08s [595'. 32'09165] 72-8960 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Price SI.00 (paper cover) New Brachiopoda from the Indian Ocean
Rossby Waves and the Interannual and Interdecadal Variability of Temperature and Salinity off California

Abstract Previous work has shown that large-scale interannual Rossby waves, largely remotely generated by equatorial winds, propagate westward from the coast off southern California. These waves have a large-scale anomalous alongshore velocity field that is proportional to the time derivative of the interannual sea level anomaly. Using these results, a theory is developed for interannual perturbations to a mean density field that varies both vertically and alongshore, like that for the California Current region off southern California. Because both the anomalous vertical and alongshore currents are proportional to the time derivative of the interannual sea level, the theory suggests that the anomalous currents associated with the Rossby waves, acting on the mean temperature field, should induce temperature fluctuations proportional to the anomalous dynamic height. The alongshore and vertical advections contribute to the temperature fluctuations in the same sense, a higher-than-normal sea level, for exampl.
Toward a quantitative definition of mechanical units: New techniques and results from an outcropping deep-water turbidite succession (Tanqua-Karoo Basin, South Africa)

The physical properties of reservoirs are strongly influenced by distributed fracture fields. Outcrop studies are commonly used to determine them but have provided unsatisfactory results because the definition of mechanical units, i.e., (groups of) layers displaying homogeneous fracture patterns, is difficult and typically conducted in a qualitative manner. We have developed a systematic methodology to acquire and process fracture patterns in outcrops and to define their relation with stratigraphy. We dedicate particular attention to the vertical distribution of fractures in a sedimentary succession, commonly composed of layers of different thicknesses and compositions. The method makes full use of geographic information system technologies and allows for direct digital acquisition in the field leading to time-efficient acquisition. Data are processed with a newly developed routine that permits an objective description of the changes of fracture characteristics along the stratigraphy of the outcrop. The operator is then able to define the most suitable fracture stratigraphy. The integration of results from different outcrops is thought to provide a tool for predicting fracture distributions in subsurface target areas.
Multi-Task Matching Mechanism Design for UAV-Assisted MEC Network With Blockchain

Mobile edge computing (MEC) is a technology deployed at the edge of mobile networks to enhance computation capabilities and reduce transmission distances. It has been extensively researched in the context of both the internet of things (IoT) and 5G communication. Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been integrated into MEC networks to create a novel architecture that utilizes line-of-sight (LOS) transmission links. In this architecture, UAVs act as relay nodes to facilitate the offloading of computing tasks from UAVs to edge computing stations (ECSs). However, the problem of creating an incentive system that guarantees the confidentiality and integrity of communication while simultaneously making it easier for UAVs and ECSs to coordinate a variety of activities remains unsolved. Consequently, this paper proposes a blockchain-based architecture for UAV-assisted MEC networks that addresses the aforementioned issues of security and privacy and investigates the problem of multi-task matching based on this architecture. A joint optimization problem is explicitly proposed to maximize both task completion rates and social welfare. Consequently, the formulated problem is decomposed into two subproblems: 1) The double auction problem, which aims to maximize societal utility and determines the winning pairs and trading price; and 2) The auction losers matching problem, which aims to increase task completion rates. Then, to identify the appropriate matching pairings and establish the trading price, a satisfaction breakeven-based double auction (SBDA) method is suggested. Sequentially, two auction losers’ second selection schemes, the shortest distance (SD) and the largest difference (LD) scheme are proposed to realize second matching to enhance the task completion rate. Finally, numerical simulations are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism. Particularly, the SBDA+LD mechanism has the best system utility and overall income compared with other schemes.
Sobre el ecosistema de las aguas litorales de Mar del Plata. Niveles tróficos y cadenas alimentarias pelágicos demersales y bentónicos-demersales

The present paper deals with the trophic relationships of the communities of the coastal fishing area of Mar del Plata (Argentine). Different trophic levels of two main food chains (pelagic-demersal and benthic-demersal)were established. There are connections between both chains through certain species of invertebrates and fishes. This first try to establish the trophic relationships of our most important littoral communities, aims to set the preliminary bases for future energetic flow studies through the trophic web that gives a real economic importance to this productive area. (Document contains 45 pages)
Determining the value and influence of informal strategic advice for environmental impact assessment: Western Australian perspectives

Formal processes for environmental impact assessment (EIA) have been established throughout the world and dominate research and practice papers. In Western Australia informal strategic advice, which sits outside of the legally binding project-based EIA, is used to inform the pre-project stages of development. Through interviews with 29 practitioners who have been involved in the formulation or use of this advice, this research investigated the value and influence of informal non-binding strategic advice. Strategic advice was considered valuable in providing upfront early guidance although practitioners would prefer greater certainty and clarity on what is acceptable. Identified limitations in its use included the cost, time and resources required in providing advice; currency and shelf life; uptake; and issues with implementing non-enforceable recommendations. Provision of clear objectives, improvements in the timing and relevance of advice and making more use of advice during EIA were identified as positive ways forward. Overall results recognise the value of informal strategic advice as a means to complement formal EIA and as a useful tool to assist with making better informed decisions earlier in the assessment process.
Penetration Event Identification Based on Neural Network for Needle Tip Location in Robot Assisted Lumbar Puncture Surgery

Accurate determination of the needle tip location is critical not only to the success of the lumbar puncture procedure, but also to the reduction of complication rates. The interaction force at the needle tip contains important information for the needle tip location estimation. However, precise identification of puncture forces to key tissue layer is a great challenge to achieve only by traditional blind manipulation. This letter proposes an approach based on a multilayer backpropagation neural network to determine the needle tip location during needle penetration into multi-layered lumbar tissues with a robot-assisted needle insertion system. A new neural network model is used to predict the penetration event in real time only based on the monitoring of the needle–tissue interaction forces. A protection lock algorithm is proposed to prevent the forward movement of the needle expeditiously when the prediction algorithm of the neural network is triggered. The experimental results demonstrate higher accuracy and real-time performance compared to those of the conventional methods.
BLENDED LEARNING IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

This research aims to analyze the past literature on blended learning in higher education and investigate the research trends on this subject. Thus, it aims to present a roadmap for future studies. In this context, bibliometric and descriptive analysis methods were used in the study carried out with the descriptive survey model. 1970 studies were accessed using the Web of Science (WoS) database to reach the data within the scope of the research. As a result of the filtering process on the database, the distribution of the relevant publications by year, document type, publication language, country and WoS indexes, the most influential institutions and research, cooperation between institutions and countries, the most cited authors, and the most studied topics were reviewed. According to the research results, the studies on blended learning in higher education were primarily published in the form of articles in English between the years 2002-2021. It is also deduced that Spain stands out, especially in producing publications, and these studies are generally published in the Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH) index type. The most active journal with high citation density is Computers & Education, and the country that collaborates most is England. Regarding the keywords used in the articles, while the concepts of online learning, higher education, and student participation are prominent in the studies conducted in the first years, the concepts such as flipped classrooms, Edmodo, sustainability, gamification, mobile learning, and emotions came to the fore in the following years. In this context, discussions were conducted within the framework of the literature, and suggestions were made related to the findings obtained.
Competitive Strategy Analysis for Digital Products on Kompas Daily

This study aims to analyze and identify the key success factors in the industry and its competition, analyze and identify competitive advantages of Kompas digital products, and formulate competitive strategies for Kompas digital products. This research is qualitative descriptive, by analyzing the company’s external environment using macro-PESTEL environmental analysis, the industry analysis using Five Forces Porter, and the analysis using the key success factors. The value chain analysis and VRIO-competitive advantage analyze the internal environment of the company. The results of this study indicate that the strategy applied by Kompas is a product differentiation strategy because this strategy is considered to be the most appropriate to the conditions of the company. Differentiation strategies are carried out by the companies to get uniqueness towards competitors.
Evolution of sediment deposition and flow patterns in a rectangular shallow reservoir under suspended sediment load

The deposition behavior of fine sediment is an important phenomenon, which remains unclear to engineers concerned about reservoir sedimentation. In the present case bed level changes, suspended sediment concentrations, and flow velocities were measured in a quasi continuous way. The goal of the study was to investigate the interaction between turbulent flow structures in rectangular shallow basin, suspended particles, bed forms and other instabilities by using several measurement techniques. The results help to understand the flow mechanism and the sediment exchange process. The prediction of sediment behavior lies in the prediction of flow behavior and the results are very sensitive to the geometry and the boundary conditions. The deposition pattern is obviously strongly influenced by the inlet jet deviation and, in turn, material deposits are able to change later the pattern of the flow structure. The volume of the deposited sediments reached 50% of the total reservoir volume after 18.0 hours. The reservoir reaches to the equilibrium after 16.0 hours at which the suspended sediment release efficiency reaches 100%.
Hyperspectral anomaly detection and un-mixing in fat-tailed clutter.

It is now established that hyperspectral images of many natural backgrounds have statistics with fat-tails. In spite of this, many of the algorithms that are used to process them appeal to the multivariate Gaussian model. In this paper we consider biologically motivated generative models that might explain observed mixtures of vegetation in natural backgrounds. The degree to which these models match the observed fat-tailed distributions is investigated. Having shown how fat-tailed statistics arise naturally from the generative process, the models are put to work in new anomaly detection and un-mixing algorithms. The performance of these algorithms is compared with more traditional approaches.
Zircon U-Pb dating of granites in Gejiu superlarge tin polymetallic orefield and its significance

Lots of igneous rocks are distributed in the Gejiu tin polymetallic orefield of Yunnan Province, and granites here are considered to have some original connection with the ore deposits. SHRIMP and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating yielded some age data: the Longchahe porphyritic granite is (81.2±1.4)～(83.2±1.4) Ma, the porphyritic granite in Malage-Songshujia area is (82.8±1.7) Ma, the porphyritic granite in Laochang area is (83.3±1.6) Ma and the Baishachong equigranular granite is (77.4±2.5) Ma. Based on these data together with some new data obtained in this study, the authors hold that southeast Yunnan and west Guangxi belonged to the same geotectonic setting in Late Yanshanian period, but were obviously different from the south Tibet-Three River tin belt.
Tracing shallow groundwater systems by soil temperatures

Circulating water is known to affect the temperature of the rock through which it flows. Analysis of existing theoretical equations suggests that shallow groundwater flow will also affect the surface soil temperature. Soil temperatures therefore might be used to delineate small, shallow groundwater flow systems; both recharge and discharge zones might be distinguished. Temperature data taken in the field during summer and winter support the theoretical conclusions and agree with the groundwater flow patterns inferred from hydrologic data. In general, winter soil temperature profiles have less data scatter than profiles of summer temperatures. The greater the rate of groundwater flow, the greater the temperature difference between recharge and discharge zones. Temperature variations ranged from 0.75°C in clayey glacial till to 5°C in sand. The effect on soil temperature also decreases with increasing horizontal distance between the recharge and the discharge zone. The effect of horizontal flow in a shallow confined aquifer is also predictable from theoretical models and can be shown by field studies. The amount of heat redistributed depends on the thermal properties of the aquifer and on overburden and the velocity of fluid flow.
MORPHOLOGY AND ONTOGENY OF AN EARLY DEVONIAN PHACOPID TRILOBITE WITH REDUCED SIGHT FROM SOUTHERN THAILAND

Abstract Exuviae comprising immature growth stages allow the tracing of morphological and morphogenetical features of the reduced-eyed phacopid species Plagiolaria poothaii Kobayashi and Hamada, 1968, from the Early Devonian of Satun Province, southern Thailand. Biometric and morphometric approaches have been used to characterize the shape changes. This is the fourth phacopid genus for which ontogenetic information is known. Ontogenetic features of this species are generally similar to those of Phacops and Weyerites. However, the ankylosis of the facial sutures occurs at the end of the meraspid period, later than in Phacops, and this is probably a derived character.
Lateral variation in slab orientation beneath Toba Caldera, northern Sumatra

The Investigator Fracture Zone (IFZ) subducts beneath Toba Caldera, the Earth's largest Quaternary caldera, in northern Sumatra, suggesting a possible relationship between them. Locations of sub-crustal earthquakes based on arrival times of P and S waves at a seismograph network surrounding Toba reveal the geometry of the subducted slab and the IFZ beneath Toba. A vertical tear of less than 20 km in the slab across the IFZ, as previously suggested, cannot be ruled out but the large-scale geometry of the slab is dominated by a broad bend of slab contours parallel to the concaveseaward indentation of the trench. The slab shape is probably a response to the trench curvature, can explain the change in trend of the volcanic arc near Toba, and may cause shallowing of the forearc basin near Nias Island. The decrease in radius of curvature of the slab contours is not accompanied by an observable decrease in dip angle, possibly resulting in lateral compressive stress in the slab. The high rate of seismicity along the subducted Investigator Fracture Zone, that intersects the slab obliquely to its plunge direction, is uncommon at subducted fracture zones and is likely caused by such lateral stress in the slab.
A new sauropod titanosaur from the Plottier Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Patagonia (Argentina)

This paper presents a new titanosaur sauropod, collected from levels of reddish clays assigned to the Plottier Formation (Coniacian-Santonian). The holotype of Petrobrasaurus puestohernandezi gen. et. sp. nov. is a disarticulated specimen, from which teeth, cervical, dorsal and caudal vertebrae, sternal plates, metacarpals, femora, tibia, a fragment of ilium, pubis, haemal arches, and cervical and dorsal ribs have been preserved. This period is of particular interest because it saw the definitive isolation of the vertebrate faunas of Patagonia, with the separation of South America from the rest of Gondwana, a process that had begun during the Early Cretaceous. Although some of the characters observed in Petrobrasaurus gen. nov. suggest a relationship with the South American clade Lognkosauria, this new sauropod is regarded as Titanosauria incertae sedis until a more profound analysis of the Titanosauria that in which it is included is undertaken.
Application of damage-based permeability-stress coupling model to studies on groundwater migration

The damage evolution laws of rock during the failure process as well as the relevant variation laws of permeability were studied.A damage evolution model reflecting the non-linear variation characteristics of rock strength was established based on the strain-damage-additional permeability according to the principle of the same principal axis of strain,damage and additional permeability.The proposed model makes the physical meaning of coupling calculation process clear and exactly expresses the non-linear relation of coupling process.
Development of an antimicrobial resistance plasmid transfer gene database for enteric bacteria

Introduction: Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are integral parts of the conjugation process in enteric bacteria. These secretion systems are encoded within the transfer (tra) regions of plasmids, including those that harbor antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. The conjugal transfer of resistance plasmids can lead to the dissemination of AMR among bacterial populations. Methods: To facilitate the analyses of the conjugation-associated genes, transfer related genes associated with key groups of AMR plasmids were identified, extracted from GenBank and used to generate a plasmid transfer gene dataset that is part of the Virulence and Plasmid Transfer Factor Database at FDA, serving as the foundation for computational tools for the comparison of the conjugal transfer genes. To assess the genetic feature of the transfer gene database, genes/proteins of the same name (e.g., traI/TraI) or predicted function (VirD4 ATPase homologs) were compared across the different plasmid types to assess sequence diversity. Two analyses tools, the Plasmid Transfer Factor Profile Assessment and Plasmid Transfer Factor Comparison tools, were developed to evaluate the transfer genes located on plasmids and to facilitate the comparison of plasmids from multiple sequence files. To assess the database and associated tools, plasmid, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) data were extracted from GenBank and previous WGS experiments in our lab and assessed using the analysis tools. Results: Overall, the plasmid transfer database and associated tools proved to be very useful for evaluating the different plasmid types, their association with T4SSs, and increased our understanding how conjugative plasmids contribute to the dissemination of AMR genes.
A failure mechanism of IGBT module in MMC and improvement

In modular multi-level converter valves, as the blocked mode happens, the failure in IGBT modules often causes a chain explosion reaction, which masks the initial failure mechanism. The root cause of the failure was that the voltage, consisting of the diode forward voltage and the induced voltage on the parasitic inductance, exceeded the reverse blocking capability of the anti-parallel IGBT. The methods against the failure were studied from three aspects: decreasing the diode’s peak forward voltage, increasing the reverse blocking capability of IGBT, and minimizing the parasitic inductance of the package. It was found that the doping concentration’s effect on the diode’s peak forward voltage is not monotonic. It can be explained from the carrier density distribution during forward recovery transient that lower doping concentration reduces the carrier injection, and higher doping concentration reduces the excess carrier concentration in the doping region. Then, the influence of two buffer designs on the reverse blocking capability of IGBT was compared. It was found that a higher reverse blocking voltage would be achieved when a multi-proton implantation buffer replaced the diffused buffer. And the new design has almost no degradation in forward blocking capability.