Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pain Management for First-Trimester Uterine Aspiration.

Importance First-trimester uterine aspiration can easily be performed in the office setting if adequate pain management for the patient is achieved. It is important for clinicians to understand evidence-based approaches for pain control to ensure a safe and efficient procedure. Objective This article reviews the literature regarding pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic pain control options for first-trimester abortion performed in the clinical setting. Preoperative, procedural, and postoperative pain control are all reviewed. Evidence Acquisition Authors searched the online database PubMed for relevant published literature through January 2018. To identify possible publications for review, the key word "abortion" was paired with the following key words: "pain," "pain-control," "pain management," "aspiration," "paracervical block," "sedation, "non-pharmacologic," and "post-operative. " Results Optimizing pain control for first-trimester uterine aspiration may involve interventions before, during, and after the surgery. Evidence shows patients benefit from premedication with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, a defined paracervical block technique, and an option to use one of several nonpharmacologic interventions. Conclusions and Relevance Pain management for first-trimester uterine aspiration should be individualized for optimal patient satisfaction. Evidence supports multiple approaches to support this individualization. Targeted interventions before, during, and after the procedure should be offered to improve procedure experience and satisfaction.
The ACTTION–APS–AAPM Pain Taxonomy (AAAPT) Multidimensional Approach to Classifying Acute Pain Conditions

Objective. With the increasing societal awareness of the prevalence and impact of acute pain, there is a need to develop an acute pain classification system that both reflects contemporary mechanistic insights and helps guide future research and treatment. Existing classifications of acute pain conditions are limiting, with a predominant focus on the sensory experience (e.g., pain intensity) and pharmacologic consumption. Consequently, there is a need to more broadly characterize and classify the multidimensional experience of acute pain. Setting. Consensus report following expert panel involving the Analgesic, Anesthetic, and Addiction Clinical Trial Translations, Innovations, Opportunities, and Networks (ACTTION), American Pain Society (APS), and American Academy of Pain Medicine (AAPM). Methods. As a complement to a taxonomy recently developed for chronic pain, the ACTTION public-private partnership with the US Food and Drug Administration, the APS, and the AAPM convened a consensus meeting of experts to develop an acute pain taxonomy using prevailing evidence. Key issues pertaining to the distinct nature of acute pain are presented followed by the agreed-upon taxonomy. The ACTTION-APS-AAPM Acute Pain Taxonomy will include the following dimensions: 1) core criteria, 2) common features, 3) modulating factors, 4) impact/functional consequences, and 5) putative pathophysiologic pain mechanisms. Future efforts will consist of working groups utilizing this taxonomy to develop diagnostic criteria for a comprehensive set of acute pain conditions. Perspective. The ACTTION-APS-AAPM Acute Pain Taxonomy (AAAPT) is a multidimensional acute pain classification system designed to classify acute pain along the following dimensions: 1) core criteria, 2) common features, 3) modulating factors, 4) impact/functional consequences, and 5) putative pathophysiologic pain mechanisms. Conclusions. Significant numbers of patients still suffer from significant acute pain, despite the advent of modern multimodal analgesic strategies. Mismanaged acute pain has a broad societal impact as significant numbers of patients may progress to suffer from chronic pain. An acute pain taxonomy provides a much-needed standardization of clinical diagnostic criteria, which benefits clinical care, research, education, and public policy. For the purposes of the present taxonomy, acute pain is considered to last up to seven days, with prolongation to 30 days being common. The current understanding of acute pain mechanisms poorly differentiates between acute and chronic pain and is often insufficient to distinguish among many types of acute pain conditions. Given the usefulness of the AAPT multidimensional framework, the AAAPT undertook a similar approach to organizing various acute pain conditions.
Slow dynamics in proteins and polymer chains

How a biological system can maintain in a non-equilibrium state for a very long time and why proteins aggregate are still not well understood. In this paper, we first review critical slow down of the Ising model and slow relaxation of a spin-glass model at low temperatures. The data indicate that relaxation of the spin glass model at low temperatures can be slower than the critical slowing down of the Ising model. We then review recent molecular dynamics results for the slow relaxation of polymer chains and experimental data for the glassy behavior of collagen fibrils. The slow dynamics in polymer chains and collagen fibrils can provide clues for understanding why a biological system can maintain in a non-equilibrium state for a very long time, and how to slow down protein aggregation related to neurodegenerative diseases.
Imaging muscle as a potential biomarker of denervation in motor neuron disease

Objective To assess clinical, electrophysiological and whole-body muscle MRI measurements of progression in patients with motor neuron disease (MND), as tools for future clinical trials, and to probe pathophysiological mechanisms in vivo. Methods A prospective, longitudinal, observational, clinicoelectrophysiological and radiological cohort study was performed. Twenty-nine patients with MND and 22 age-matched and gender-matched healthy controls were assessed with clinical measures, electrophysiological motor unit number index (MUNIX) and T2-weighted whole-body muscle MRI, at first clinical presentation and 4 months later. Between-group differences and associations were assessed using age-adjusted and gender-adjusted multivariable regression models. Within-subject longitudinal changes were assessed using paired t-tests. Patterns of disease spread were modelled using mixed-effects multivariable regression, assessing associations between muscle relative T2 signal and anatomical adjacency to site of clinical onset. Results Patients with MND had 30% higher relative T2 muscle signal than controls at baseline (all regions mean, 95% CI 15% to 45%, p<0.001). Higher T2 signal was associated with greater overall disability (coefficient −0.009, 95% CI −0.017 to –0.001, p=0.023) and with clinical weakness and lower MUNIX in multiple individual muscles. Relative T2 signal in bilateral tibialis anterior increased over 4 months in patients with MND (right: 10.2%, 95% CI 2.0% to 18.4%, p=0.017; left: 14.1%, 95% CI 3.4% to 24.9%, p=0.013). Anatomically, contiguous disease spread on MRI was not apparent in this model. Conclusions Whole-body muscle MRI offers a new approach to objective assessment of denervation over short timescales in MND and enables investigation of patterns of disease spread in vivo. Muscles inaccessible to conventional clinical and electrophysiological assessment may be investigated using this methodology.
Identification of clathrin and clathrin adaptors on tubulovesicles of gastric acid secretory (oxyntic) cells.

γ-Adaptin and clathrin heavy chain were identified on tubulovesicles of gastric oxyntic cells with the anti-γ-adaptin monoclonal antibody (MAb) 100/3 and an anti-clathrin heavy chain MAb (MAb 23), respectively. In Western blots, crude gastric microsomes from rabbit and rat and density gradient-purified, H-K-ATPase-rich microsomes from these same species were immunoreactive for γ-adaptin and clathrin. In immunofluorescent labeling of isolated rabbit gastric glands, anti-γ-adaptin and anti-clathrin heavy chain immunoreactivity appeared to be concentrated in oxyntic cells. In primary cultures of rabbit oxyntic cells, the immunocytochemical distribution of γ-adaptin immunoreactivity was similar to that of the tubulovesicular membrane marker in oxyntic cells, the H-K-ATPase. Further biochemical characterization of the tubulovesicular γ-adaptin-containing complex suggested that it has a subunit composition that is typical of that for a clathrin adaptor: in addition to the γ-adaptin subunit, it contains a β-adaptin subunit and other subunits of apparent molecular masses of 50 kDa and 19 kDa. From solubilized gastric microsomes from rabbit, γ-adaptin could be copurified with the major cargo protein of tubulovesicles, the H-K-ATPase. Thus this tubulovesicular coat may bind directly to the H-K-ATPase and may thereby mediate the regulated trafficking of the H-K-ATPase at the apical membrane of the oxyntic cell during the gastric acid secretory cycle. Given the similarities of the regulated trafficking of the H-K-ATPase with recycling of cargo through the apical recycling endosome of many epithelial cells, we propose that tubulovesicular clathrin and adaptors may regulate some part of an apical recycling pathway in other epithelial cells.
Beyond Purity : Moral Disgust toward Bad Character

Previous studies support a link between moral disgust and impurity, while anger is linked to harm. We challenge this strict correspondence, and show that disgust is sensitive to information about moral character, even for harm violations. By contrast, anger is sensitive to information about actions, including their moral wrongness and consequences. Study 1 examined disgust and anger toward an action that indicates especially bad moral character (animal cruelty) versus an action that is more wrong (domestic abuse). Animal cruelty was associated with more disgust, whereas domestic abuse was associated with more anger. Studies 2 and 3 manipulated character by varying the agent’s desire to cause harm, and also varied the action’s harmful consequences. Desire to harm predicted only disgust (controlling for anger), while consequences were more closely related to anger (controlling for disgust). Taken together, these results indicate disgust responds to evidence of bad moral character, not just to impurity.
A Multi-Objective, Risk-based Approach for Selecting Software Requirements

In iterative and incremental development approaches, there is great interest in delivering system releases onbudget, but raising stakeholders’ satisfaction as much as possible. In the field of Search Based Software Engineering (SBSE), such a problem is known as the Next Release Problem (NRP), which is handled in existing proposals by reformulating the requirements selection process as an optimization problem solved by metaheuristics, providing a set of recommendations with the highest customers’ satisfactions as well as the lowest development costs. Despite their contributions, most of current proposals do not address software risks, which represent a key aspect that can deeply impact on project cost and stakeholders’ satisfaction. In such a direction, this paper proposes a multi-objective, risk-based approach for the NRP problem, in which a risk analysis is incorporated to estimate the impact of software risks in development cost and stakeholders’ satisfaction. Experimental results reveal the efficiency and practical applicability of the proposed approach.
Origins, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Analytical Methods and Safety of Cortex Moutan (Paeonia suffruticosa Andrew): A Systematic Review

Cortex Moutan (CM), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, is commonly used for treating various diseases in China and other eastern Asian countries. Recorded in Pharmacopeias of several countries, CM is now drawing increasing attention and under extensive studies in various fields. Phytochemical studies indicate that CM contains many valuable secondary metabolites, such as monoterpene glycosides and phenols. Ample evidence from pharmacological researches suggest that CM has a wide spectrum of activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective effects. Moreover, various analytical methods were established for the quality evaluation and safety control of CM. This review synopsizes updated information concerning the origins, phytochemistry, pharmacology, analytical method and safety of CM, aiming to provide favorable references for modern CM research and application. In conclusion, continuing pharmacological investigations concerning CM should be conducted to unravel its pharmacological mechanisms. Further researches are necessary to obtain comprehensive and applicable analytical approach for quality evaluation and establish harmonized criteria of CM.
TENSION ANALYSIS OF FILAMENT WINDING PROCESS

Within the field of fiber, paper making, plastic and metal plating, one of the key techniques to guarantee the product quality is the control of winding tension of linear, strip and area materials. The changing pattern of the tension and the factors that influence the tension in the process of filament winding were analyzed, and a program scheme for calculating the tension control torque was provided. The actual winding results show that the formula drawn is proper and reasonable, and the fluctuation rate of the yarn tension is lower than 5%.
The analgesic effect of early hyperbaric oxygen treatment in chronic constriction injury rats and its influence on nNOS and iNOS expression and inflammatory factor production

Objective To observe the analgesic effect of early hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment in chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats, and to analyze the influence of HBO on the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and inducible nitric oxide synthase and on the levels of inflammatory factors. Methods Rats were assigned into three groups randomly: sham, CCI, and HBO groups. The CCI rat model was established, and HBO treatment at 2.5 ATA (60 min) was given one day after surgery, lasting for five consecutive days. The pain behaviors of the rats were observed at predetermined time points, and the activation of astrocytes at dorsal horns as well as the changes of the synaptic ultrastructures were observed. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase were detected by Western blot, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Results Rats in the CCI group developed hyperalgesia when compared with the sham group. Mechanical withdrawal threshold decreased and thermal withdrawal latency shortened in CCI group. Also, astrocytes at the dorsal horn were activated, the synaptic structure was disordered, the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase were increased significantly, and the release of inflammatory factor (TNF-α and IL-1β) was up-regulated. However, with early initiation of HBO treatment, rats in the HBO group showed significantly alleviated hyperalgesia, increased mechanical withdrawal threshold, and prolonged thermal withdrawal latency. HBO treatment inhibited astrocyte expression and maintained normal synaptic structure. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase were decreased in the dorsal horn, and the release of inflammatory factor (TNF-α and IL-1β) was reduced. Conclusions Early HBO treatment significantly improves hyperalgesia in rats with neuropathic pain. The decreased expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase and reduced levels of inflammatory factors are important mechanisms by which early HBO helps to alleviate neuropathic pain.
Development and Comparison of Backpropagation and Generalized Regression Neural Network Models to Predict Diurnal and Seasonal Gas and PM10 Concentrations and Emissions from Swine Buildings

The quantification of diurnal and seasonal gas (NH3, H2S, and CO2) and PM10 concentrations and emission rates (GPCER) from livestock production facilities is indispensable for the development of science-based setback determination methods and evaluation of improved downwind community air quality resulting from the implementation of gas pollution control. The purpose of this study was to employ backpropagation neural network (BPNN) and generalized regression neural network (GRNN) techniques to model GPCER generated and emitted from swine deep-pit finishing buildings as affected by time of day, season, ventilation rates, animal growth cycles, in-house manure storage levels, and weather conditions. The statistical results revealed that the BPNN and GRNN models were successfully developed to forecast hourly GPCER with very high coefficients of determination (R 2 ) from 81.15% to 99.46% and very low values of systemic performance indexes. These good results indicated that the artificial neural network (ANN) technologies were capable of accurately modeling source air quality within and from the animal operations. It was also found that the process of constructing, training, and simulating the BPNN models was very complex. Some trial-and-error methods combined with a thorough understanding of theoretical backpropagation were required in order to obtain satisfying predictive results. The GRNN, based on nonlinear regression theory, can approximate any arbitrary function between input and output vectors and has a fast training time, great stability, and relatively easy network parameter settings during the training stage in comparison to the BPNN method. Thus, the GRNN was characterized as a preferred solution for its use in air quality modeling.
Endothelin impairs ATP-sensitive K+ channel function after brain injury.

In piglets, pial arteries constrict, ATP-sensitive K+(KATP) channel function is impaired, and cerebrospinal fluid endothelin-1 (ET-1) increases to 10-10 M after brain injury [fluid percussion injury (FPI)]. Nitric oxide (NO) elicits dilation via guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) and KATP channel activation. This study was designed to characterize the relationship between ET-1 and impaired function of KATP channels after FPI. Injury was produced via the lateral FPI technique in piglets equipped with a closed cranial window. Cromakalim, a KATP agonist, produced dilation that was attenuated by FPI and partially restored by BQ-123, an ET-1 antagonist (11 ± 1 and 23 ± 2 vs. 2 ± 1 and 4 ± 1 vs. 8 ± 1 and 17 ± 2% for responses to 10-8 and 10-6 M cromakalim before FPI, after FPI, and after FPI with BQ-123, respectively). Because ET-1 constriction may antagonize dilation, separate experiments were conducted under conditions of equivalent baseline diameter in the absence and presence of ET-1 (10-10 M). Cromakalim dilation was attenuated by ET-1 and partially restored by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor staurosporine (12 ± 1 and 28 ± 1 vs. 2 ± 1 and 21 ± 3 vs. 9 ± 1 and 29 ± 2% for 10-8 and 10-6 M cromakalim, cromakalim with ET-1, and cromakalim with ET-1+staurosporine, respectively). Similar interactions were observed with calcitonin gene-related peptide, 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, and the NO releasers sodium nitroprusside and S-nitroso- N-acetylpenicillamine. These data show that ET-1 blunts KATP channel-, NO-, and cGMP-mediated dilation. These data suggest that ET-1 contributes to altered cerebral hemodynamics after FPI through impairment of KATP channel function via PKC activation.
Sampling the News Producers: A Large News and Feature Data Set for the Study of the Complex Media Landscape

The complexity and diversity of today's media landscape provides many challenges for researchers studying news producers.These producers use many different strategies to get theirmessage believed by readers through thewriting styles they employ, by repetition across different media sources with or without attribution, as well as other mechanismsthat are yet to be studied deeply. To better facilitate systematic studies in this area, we present a large political news data set, containing over 136K news articles, from 92 news sources, collected over 7 months of 2017. These news sources are carefully chosen to include well-established and mainstream sources, maliciously fake sources, satire sources, and hyper-partisan political blogs. In addition to each article we compute 130 content-based and social media engagement features drawn from a wide range of literature on political bias, persuasion, and misinformation. With the release of the data set, we also provide the source code for feature computation. In this paper, we discuss the first release of the data set and demonstrate 4 use cases of the data and features: news characterization, engagement characterization, news attribution and content copying, and discovering news narratives.
Analyzing Travel Behavior Using Multi-label Classification From Twitter

In this paper, we analyze the changes in behavior of travelers on the basis of the kind of travel and travel period using geotagged tweets. Travel can be classified into various types of purposes. For example, travelers visit Tokyo for various purposes like sightseeing or transiting to another area. In this paper, for a first experiment, we classified travelers visiting Tokyo in accordance with whether their main destination was Tokyo or not. Using the results, we discuss the differences in the behaviors of people on travels to and through Tokyo. We also used the same results to see whether the behavior of travelers changes depending on the length of travel and the day of the travel. For the second experiment, we compared the behaviors of travelers visiting Tokyo from two different regions (Kanto and Kyushu) to see whether place of residence affects behavior on travels of different lengths and on different days.
Skeletal muscle magnetic resonance biomarkers correlate with function and sentinel events in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Objective To provide evidence for quantitative magnetic resonance (qMR) biomarkers in Duchenne muscular dystrophy by investigating the relationship between qMR measures of lower extremity muscle pathology and functional endpoints in a large ambulatory cohort using a multicenter study design. Methods MR spectroscopy and quantitative imaging were implemented to measure intramuscular fat fraction and the transverse magnetization relaxation time constant (T2) in lower extremity muscles of 136 participants with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Measures were collected at 554 visits over 48 months at one of three imaging sites. Fat fraction was measured in the soleus and vastus lateralis using MR spectroscopy, while T2 was assessed using MRI in eight lower extremity muscles. Ambulatory function was measured using the 10m walk/run, climb four stairs, supine to stand, and six minute walk tests. Results Significant correlations were found between all qMR and functional measures. Vastus lateralis qMR measures correlated most strongly to functional endpoints (|ρ| = 0.68–0.78), although measures in other rapidly progressing muscles including the biceps femoris (|ρ| = 0.63–0.73) and peroneals (|ρ| = 0.59–0.72) also showed strong correlations. Quantitative MR biomarkers were excellent indicators of loss of functional ability and correlated with qualitative measures of function. A VL FF of 0.40 was an approximate lower threshold of muscle pathology associated with loss of ambulation. Discussion Lower extremity qMR biomarkers have a robust relationship to clinically meaningful measures of ambulatory function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. These results provide strong supporting evidence for qMR biomarkers and set the stage for their potential use as surrogate outcomes in clinical trials.