Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nine years of observing traffic anomalies: Trending analysis in backbone networks

We present the longitudinal trending analysis of traffic anomalies on a trans-Pacific backbone network over nine years. Throughout our analysis, we try to answer several questions: how frequent do such anomalies appear and how long do they last? Does a set of anomalous hosts occur correspondingly? We answer these by applying the state-of-the-art anomaly detectors to (un)anonymized packet traces and look into interesting insights from the long-term analysis. The key observations are as follow. The sources of anomalies are decreasing over the recent years, but take a significant portion of traffic volume during the measurement period (i.e., 0.03% of all IP addresses take up to 30% of traffic volume). The frequency analysis reveals that there is a clear periodicity of anomalies and anomalous host occurrences in various durations. Finally, we find the influences of anomaly detectors to the overall trending and how they differ from each other.
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging findings in a case of metachromatic leukodystrophy

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is caused by insufficiency of arylsulfatase A resulting in impaired myelination. Diffusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of this disease have been rarely reported. We report diffusion MR imaging of MLD in a 12-month-old male who presented with regression of milestones and progressive spasticity.
GRE T2∗-Weighted MRI: Principles and Clinical Applications

The sequence of a multiecho gradient recalled echo (GRE) T2*-weighted imaging (T2*WI) is a relatively new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique. In contrast to T2 relaxation, which acquires a spin echo signal, T2* relaxation acquires a gradient echo signal. The sequence of a GRE T2*WI requires high uniformity of the magnetic field. GRE T2*WI can detect the smallest changes in uniformity in the magnetic field and can improve the rate of small lesion detection. In addition, the T2* value can indirectly reflect changes in tissue biochemical components. Moreover, it can be used for the early diagnosis and quantitative diagnosis of some diseases. This paper reviews the principles and clinical applications as well as the advantages and disadvantages of GRE T2*WI.
Sexual violence against intimate partners in Cape Town: prevalence and risk factors reported by men.

OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of and risk factors for the perpetration of sexual violence by men against female intimate partners. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1368 randomly selected men working in three Cape Town municipalities. The men were interviewed with the aid of a questionnaire on current sexual partners in the preceding 10 years, personal and relationship characteristics and the use of violence against their partners. RESULTS The perpetration of sexual violence against intimate partners in the past 10 years was reported by 15.3% of the men. After adjustment for sociodemographic circumstances, the factors associated with such violence were involvement in physical conflict outside the home, problematic alcohol use, having more than one current partner and abusing partners verbally. While having frequent conflict with partners was important for the risk of sexual violence, only two types of conflict sources were significantly associated with this risk, namely conflict over sexual refusal and conflict when men perceived their authority to be undermined. CONCLUSION Sexual violence in intimate relations was common. The risk of being sexually violent was associated with the use of violence to solve problems in other settings, having more than one current partner, alcohol abuse and verbally abusing a partner. It was also associated with particular types of conflict stemming from ideas of male sexual entitlement and dominance. Prevention programmes that focus on gender relations and non-violent conflict resolution for men and youths may be useful in combating such sexual violence.
Predicting Shot Locations in Tennis Using Spatiotemporal Data

Over the past decade, vision-based tracking systems have been successfully deployed in professional sports such as tennis and cricket for enhanced broadcast visualizations as well as aiding umpiring decisions. Despite the high-level of accuracy of the tracking systems and the sheer volume of spatiotemporal data they generate, the use of this high quality data for quantitative player performance and prediction has been lacking. In this paper, we present a method which predicts the location of a future shot based on the spatiotemporal parameters of the incoming shots (i.e. shot speed, location, angle and feet location) from such a vision system. Having the ability to accurately predict future short-term events has enormous implications in the area of automatic sports broadcasting in addition to coaching and commentary domains. Using Hawk-Eye data from the 2012 Australian Open Men's draw, we utilize a Dynamic Bayesian Network to model player behaviors and use an online model adaptation method to match the player's behavior to enhance shot predictability. To show the utility of our approach, we analyze the shot predictability of the top 3 players seeds in the tournament (Djokovic, Federer and Nadal) as they played the most amounts of games.
The Workflow Activity Model WAMO

Workflow technology has not yet lived up to its expectations not only because of social problems but also because of technical problems, like inflexible and rigid process specification and execution mechanisms and insufficient possibilities to handle exceptions. The aim of this paper is to present a workflow model which significantly facilitates the design and reliable management of complex business processes supported by an automatic mechanism to handle exceptions. The strength of the model is its simplicity and the application independent transaction facility (advanced control mechanism for workflow units) which guarantees reliable execution of workflow activities.
The CF gene: 10 years on

These days everyone is looking for genes. Grant money, media interviews, self-esteem, Nobel prizes, and lots of interesting biology lure researchers into molecular genetics, and diseases as diverse as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer will soon be mastered by brave new understanding. All true, but will it make any difference? Cystic fibrosis got there first, and 10 years after the discovery of the CF gene it is a good time to take stock. Compared with polygenic diseases, cystic fibrosis is easy and therefore paints the rosiest picture of what can be achieved by genetic research. If the CF gene has helped patients, then the discovery of genes associated with other diseases may do the same. The steps involved in the genetic revolution were well illustrated in a recent review article1 as shown in fig 1. Figure 1 Medical consequences of the human genome project. Reproduced with permission from Collins.1 By sequencing the CF gene, the protein was deduced and found to resemble a family of ATP binding membrane proteins with both ion channel and macromolecule transporter properties. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR) is a chloride channel which opens in response to phosphorylation by ATP and is found in sweat and pancreatic ducts, gut, seminiferous tubules, and conducting airways—all sites of cystic fibrosis disease.2Interestingly, CFTR is also expressed in the heart, choroid plexus, and renal tubules, organs with normal function in cystic fibrosis. Other properties of cystic fibrosis have been proposed such as the regulation of apical membrane sodium transport in the airways and acidification of intracellular organelles. No transporter function of CFTR has yet been found. Over 800 disease associated mutations of the CF gene have been described; these differ with ethnic origin but only a handful are common. These mutations have …
Revisiting silicate substituted hydroxyapatite by solid‐state NMR

Silicon‐substituted hydroxyapatite (Si‐HAp) has shown promising properties such as high‐bone remodeling around implants. So far, the techniques used for the structural characterization of the Si‐HAp have given indirect evidence of the presence of silicon inside the structure (by X‐ray and neutron diffraction). In this paper, we focus on Si‐HAp derivatives obtained by a precipitation method (widely described in the literature). We demonstrate here by solid‐state NMR spectroscopy that only a fraction of the silicon atoms are incorporated into the HAp lattice in the form of Q0 (SiO44−) species, for 4.6 wt% Si‐HAp. A large amount of silicate units are located outside the HAp structure and correspond to silica‐gel units. All results were established through 29Si MAS, 1H →29Si CP MAS and T1ρ(1H) edited 1H →29Si CP MAS experiments. This last pulse scheme acted as a powerful editing sequence, leading to unambiguous spectroscopic conclusions, concerning the location of the SiO44− moieties. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Answer Graph Construction for Keyword Search on Graph Structured(RDF) Data

Keyword search is an easy way to allow inexperienced users to query an information system. It does not need knowledge of specific query language or underlying schema. Recently answering keyword queries on graph structured data has emerged as an important research topic. Many efforts focus on queries on RDF(Resource Description Framework) graphs as RDF has emerged as a viable data model for representing/integrating semistructured, distributed and interconnected data. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for constructing answer graphs using pruned exploration strategy. We form component structures comprising closely related class and relationship nodes for the keywords and join the identified component structures using appropriate hook nodes. The Class/SubClass relationships available in RDF schema are also utilized for the answer graph construction. The paper illustrates the working of the algorithm using AIFB institute data.
Myocardial protection by volatile anesthetics in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a critical review of the laboratory and clinical evidence.

JOHN BLAND AND EDWARD LOWENSTEIN first reported in 1976 that administration of halothane (0.75 minimum alveolar concentration [MAC]) significantly (p o 0.001) attenuates ST-segment elevation caused by brief coronary artery occlusion in 6 dogs anesthetized with chloraloseurethane concomitant with a reduction in the primary determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption. These experiments demonstrated, for the first time, that volatile anesthetics are capable of producing essential anti-ischemic effects. Since the publication of this landmark paper, several studies provided further evidence that volatile anesthetics protected myocardium against reversible and irreversible ischemic injury. For example, isoflurane and halothane enhanced the functional recovery of postischemic-reperfused (‘‘stunned’’) canine myocardium when either volatile anesthetic was administered before a 15-min coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. This beneficial effect occurred in conjunction with the preservation of high-energy phosphates. Isoflurane also reduced the magnitude of myocardial necrosis and improved recovery of left ventricular (LV) function after global ischemia and reperfusion. Halothane was shown to maintain contractile function and ultrastructural integrity during reperfusion after normothermic cardioplegic arrest in isolated rat hearts. These results were especially notable because they implied that the protective action of volatile anesthetics occur independent of any favorable alteration in coronary perfusion or myocardial oxygen supply-demand relations. In 1997, three research groups simultaneously reported that the administration of halothane or isoflurane before prolonged coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion reduced myocardial infarct size in vivo. This beneficial effect was termed ‘‘anesthetic preconditioning’’ (APC), occurred independent of changes in systemic and coronary hemodynamics, and persisted despite discontinuation of the volatile anesthetic before coronary artery occlusion, a ‘‘memory’’ period similar to that observed during ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Subsequently, volatile anesthetics were shown to protect myocardium against ischemic
An n-gram cache for large-scale parallel extraction of multiword relevant expressions with LocalMaxs

LocalMaxs extracts relevant multiword terms based on their cohesion but is computationally intensive, a critical issue for very large natural language corpora. The corpus properties concerning n-gram distribution determine the algorithm complexity and were empirically analyzed for corpora up to 982 million words. A parallel LocalMaxs implementation exhibits almost linear relative efficiency, speedup, and sizeup, when executed with up to 48 cloud virtual machines and a distributed key-value store. To reduce the remote data communication, we present a novel n-gram cache with cooperative-based warm-up, leading to reduced miss ratio and time penalty. A cache analytical model is used to estimate the performance of cohesion calculation of n-gram expressions, based on corpus empirical data. The model estimates agree with the real execution results.
Validation of Optimizing Compilers

There is a growing awareness, both in industry and academia, of the crucial role of formally proving the correctness of safety-critical components of systems. Most formal verification methods verify the correctness of a high-level representation of the system against a given specification. However, if one wishes to infer from such a verification the correctness of the code which runs on the actual target architecture, it is essential to prove that the high-level representation is correctly implemented at the lower level. That is, it is essential to verify the the correctness of the translation from the high-level source-code representation to the object code, a translation which is typically performed by a compiler (or a code generator in case the source is a specification rather than a programming language). Formally verifying a full-fledged optimizing compiler, as one would verify any other large program, is not feasible due to its size, ongoing evolution and modification, and, possibly, proprietary considerations. The translation validation method used in this paper is a novel approach that offers an alternative to the verification of translators in general and compilers in particular. According to the translation validation approach, rather than verifying the compiler itself, one constructs a validation tool which, after every run of the compiler, formally confirms that the target code produced on that run is a correct translation of the source program. The paper presents a methodology for translation validation of optimizing compilers. We distinguish between structure preserving optimizations, for which we establish simulation relation between source and target based on computational induction, and structure modifying optimizations, for which we develop specialized ``meta-rules". We present some examples that illustrate the use of the methodology, including a ``real-life" validation of an EPIC compiler which uncovered a bug in the compiler.
Simulation of Wave Forces on a Gravity Based Foundation by a BEM Based on Fully Nonlinear Potential Flow

We report on recent developments of a three-dimensional (3D) model for wave propagation and wave-structure interaction. The velocity field is solved with a boundary element method (BEM), based on fully nonlinear potential flow. This approach is efficiently parallelized on CPU clusters. Recent progress is presented for extending the model for the use of higher-order elements (i.e., cubic B-splines), and outline the future steps necessary to a high-order approach on completely arbitrary meshes necessary for complex industrial applications. Particular care is taken with regards to the corner compatibility condition along the intersection between the body and free-surface, which is necessary for highaccuracy modeling with the BEM approach. Applications are shown for academic tests as well as for the computation of wave-induced forces and moments on gravity-based foundations, where we compare numerical results against laboratory experiments. Such applications are of interest to the continued development of foundations for offshore wind farms, and extensions to this model are being implemented for simulating floating structures and coupling to other models including viscous effects, which can be important in some cases.
Dynamic laser speckle imaging: beyond the contrast (Conference Presentation)

Blood flow imaging is an essential part of biomedical research, particularly in the vascular and neurovascular physiology. It includes various imaging modalities, with laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) being one of the most extensively used tools for the rapid wide-field flow characterization. For years, the capability of LSCI to become a quantitative tool has been discussed. Being based on the contrast relation to the speckle correlation time, the method requires a robust model and its correct parametrization. Main uncertainties are (i) light scattering and particle motion regimes which define the form of the field autocorrelation function g1 and (ii) static scattering and speckle averaging effects on the intensity correlation function g2. Multi-exposure laser speckle contrast imaging and proper system calibration can solve the later issue, but in order to evaluate g1 form, one has to directly measure speckle autocorrelation. We introduce the dynamic laser speckle imaging (DLSI) as a new step in the wide-field speckle dynamics analysis. By utilizing a high-speed camera and recording backscattered light at more than 20000 frames per second we are able to measure the temporal intensity correlation (g2) in the mice cortex. We demonstrate that DLSI data can be used to estimate all parameters of the speckle autocorrelation model. By finding the best fit model for each pixel, we show that all three types of known g1 models can be found in the cortex and that the best fit model depends on the vessel size. Furthermore, we explore the commonly used model for the blood flow index and explain its deviations from the actual flow speed. We show that DLSI can be used to calibrate LSCI, thus solving contrast imaging problems and providing a lightweight quantitative tool for the blood flow imaging.
Developing wikis to foster web-based learning communities: an iterative approach

This paper discusses ongoing research at Deakin University, which focuses on developing wikis to foster web-based learning communities. Research to date has used wikis to facilitate collaborative icebreaker exercises, discussions, and to create knowledge repositories. Student feedback has contributed to the iterative revision of the wiki interface, the icebreaker exercise and the development of new tasks for students to complete using the wiki. The analysis and discussion of the experiments presented in this paper focuses on usage trends such as the signature, viewing and editing patterns exhibited by the student cohort. The community building potential of wikis is discussed, highlighting the specific wiki features that can be used to foster a sense of community in a web-based learning environment. Finally, issues surrounding the development of web-based learning communities, which have emerged through the wiki study, are discussed and future directions are outlined.
An ultra low power ASK demodulator for passive UHF RFID tag

In this paper, an Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) demodulator circuit for passive UHF Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag is designed with ultra low power. Full chip area of the tag is 0.38mm2@0. 18µm CMOS process (without test pads) and consumes only 4. 28µW. As a significant module of the tag, the proposed ASK demodulator is powered by on-chip power of only 0.95V and consumes ultra small average current of 0. 23µA for typical 300mV RF input voltage. Meanwhile, the demodulator can also be powered from external pad, in which way the supply voltage can be as low as 0.5V with 0. 21µA current consumption.
Xenon reduces neurohistopathological damage and improves the early neurological deficit after cardiac arrest in pigs*

Objective:Treatment options to ameliorate brain damage following cardiopulmonary resuscitation from cardiac arrest are limited. Design:In a porcine model, we evaluated the effects of xenon treatment on neuropathologic and functional outcomes after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Setting:Prospective, randomized laboratory animal study. Subjects:Male pigs. Interventions:Following successful resuscitation from 8 mins of cardiac arrest and 5 mins of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 24 pigs were randomized to one of three groups receiving either 70% xenon for 1 or 5 hrs or untreated controls receiving 70% nitrogen. Measurements and Main Results:Gas exchange, hemodynamics, and lactate and glucose levels were measured at baseline and in the postresuscitation period. On four postoperative days, neurocognitive and overall neurologic deficits were assessed before day 5, when the brains were harvested for histologic analysis of predefined regions using a semiquantitative score (0–10% = 1, 10–20% = 2, 20–50% = 3, 50–80% = 4, 80–100% = 5). No differences in gas exchange, hemodynamics, or lactate and glucose levels were observed among the groups. Animals exposed to 1 and 5 hrs of xenon showed significantly reduced scores for necrotic neurons in the putamen (1.25 ± 0.5 and 1.25 ± 0.5 vs. 2.5 ± 1.2; p < 0.05), accompanied by significantly lesser scores for perivascular inflammation in putamen (0.8 ± 0.5 and 1.1 ± 0.8 vs. 2.1 ± 1.1; p < 0.05) and caudate nucleus (1.0 ± 0.8 and 0.6 ± 0.7 vs. 2.0 ± 1.1; p < 0.05). This resulted in improved neurocognitive and neurologic function on day 1 to 3 after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in xenon-treated animals. Conclusions:In this experimental study of cardiac arrest-induced neurologic damage, xenon conferred neurohistopathologic protection, translating in transiently improved functional outcome.
Additive Effect of Neutralizing Antibody and Antiviral Drug Treatment in Preventing Virus Escape and Persistence

ABSTRACT Poorly cytopathic or noncytopathic viruses can escape immune surveillance and establish a chronic infection. Here we exploited the strategy of combining antiviral drug treatment with the induction of a neutralizing antibody response to avoid the appearance of neutralization-resistant virus variants. Despite the fact that H25 immunoglobulin transgenic mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus mounted an early neutralizing antibody response, the virus escaped from neutralization and persisted. After ribavirin treatment of H25 transgenic mice, the appearance of neutralization-resistant virus was prevented and virus was cleared. Thus, the combination of virus-neutralizing antibodies and chemotherapy efficiently controlled the infection, whereas each defense line alone did not. Similar additive effects may be unexpectedly efficient and beneficial in humans after infections with persistent viruses such as hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus and possibly human immunodeficiency virus.