Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms Mediating Extravasation in Brain Metastasis of Breast Cancer, Melanoma, and Lung Cancer

Simple Summary Despite the advancements in systemic treatments, the incidence of brain metastasis (BM) is increasing. BM is a multi-step cascade. One critical event in BM is the extravasation of cancer cells through the blood–brain barrier (BBB), a physiological barrier located on the brain microvasculature, persevering the cerebral homeostasis. The molecular mechanisms driving BM, particularly those driving extravasation, remain poorly understood. A better understanding of these mechanisms will allow the identification of potential molecular targets that can be used to treat or prevent BM. In this review, we summarize the molecular events that occur during extravasation in three types of cancer most likely to develop brain metastasis: breast cancer, melanoma, and lung cancer. Specifically, we summarize and compare the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms mediating steps of extravasation, as well as the mechanisms inducing alterations in the barrier. Abstract Brain metastasis is an incurable end-stage of systemic cancer associated with poor prognosis, and its incidence is increasing. Brain metastasis occurs through a multi-step cascade where cancer cells spread from the primary tumor site to the brain. The extravasation of tumor cells through the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a critical step in brain metastasis. During extravasation, circulating cancer cells roll along the brain endothelium (BE), adhere to it, then induce alterations in the endothelial barrier to transmigrate through the BBB and enter the brain. Rolling and adhesion are generally mediated by selectins and adhesion molecules induced by inflammatory mediators, while alterations in the endothelial barrier are mediated by proteolytic enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinase, and the transmigration step mediated by factors, including chemokines. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating extravasation are not yet fully understood. A better understanding of these mechanisms is essential as it may serve as the basis for the development of therapeutic strategies for the prevention or treatment of brain metastases. In this review, we summarize the molecular events that occur during the extravasation of cancer cells through the blood–brain barrier in three types of cancer most likely to develop brain metastasis: breast cancer, melanoma, and lung cancer. Common molecular mechanisms driving extravasation in these different tumors are discussed.
Back-and-forth conversation during parent–child co-use of an educational app game

ABSTRACT Parent–child back-and-forth conversation is recognized as important for early development. Accordingly, child media use guidelines encourage parents to co-use media, including mobile media, with children. However, information on the types of conversational interactions that occur during co-use of apps, and the best ways for parents to encourage back-and-forth conversation in this context, is lacking. This study described parent–child conversational turns and explored parent verbal behaviours in relation to the frequency of conversational turns in a sample of 44 parent and preschool-aged child dyads, who were videotaped co-using an educational app. Observed conversational turns most frequently involved simple naming or exchanges about app procedures, and rarely included expanded or distanced talk. Parent reflections of the app narration and content-related talk were positively related to conversational turns, while praises and directiveness were negatively related. Results suggest the need for a nuanced approach to guiding parents to make the most of co-use interactions.
Population Genetic Diversity of Two Blue Oat Mite Species on Triticum Hosts in China

Simple Summary Blue oat mite species mainly include Penthaleus major, P. falcatus, P. tectus, and P. minor. Among them, P. major, P. falcatus and P. tectus are important pest mites on gramineous crops, which often occur in low-temperature and high-humidity environments. These three mites are difficult to distinguish in the field due to their small size and similar shape. Furthermore, they exhibit different resistance to chemical pesticides, making it challenging to control their outbreak. Worryingly, we only saw reports of frequent occurrence of P. major in winter wheat regions in China, and no other species of blue oat mites were found. Understanding the distribution pattern, genetic diversity, and genetic differentiation among populations of blue oat mite species in winter wheat regions of China is essential for developing effective control programs. In this study, we evaluated the distribution of blue oat mites in the major wheat regions in China and assessed the level of genetic diversity and genetic structure of blue oat mites from winter wheat regions of China using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequences. Abstract Blue oat mite species, including Penthaleus major and P. tectus, are pests widely distributed across China that cause damage to winter wheat. This study evaluated the genetic diversity of P. major and P. tectus on Triticum hosts collected from 23 geographic locations based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences. We identified nine haplotypes in 438 P. major individuals from 21 geographic locations and five haplotypes in 139 P. tectus individuals from 11 geographic locations. Meanwhile, P. major exhibits high values of haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (Pi) (Hd = 0.534 > 0.5 and Pi = 0.012 > 0.005), representing a large stable population with a long evolutionary history. P. tectus shows low values of Hd and Pi (Hd = 0.112 < 0.5 and Pi = 0 < 0.005), which suggest recent founder events. Moreover, demographic analysis suggested that P. major and P. tectus have not undergone a recent population expansion. The lowest genetic variation was observed in Xiangzhou (XZ-HB), Zaoyang (ZY-HB), Siyang (SY-JS), and Rongxian (RX-SC), with only one species and one haplotype identified in over 30 individuals. Robust genetic differentiation was found in P. major compared to P. tectus, which provides a theoretical basis for the widespread distribution of P. major in China.
BABA-induced pathogen resistance: a multi-omics analysis of the tomato response reveals a hyper-receptive status involving ethylene

Abstract Prior exposure to microbial-associated molecular patterns or specific chemical compounds can promote plants into a primed state with stronger defence responses. β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) is an endogenous stress metabolite that induces resistance protecting various plants towards diverse stresses. In this study, by integrating BABA-induced changes in selected metabolites with transcriptome and proteome data, we generated a global map of the molecular processes operating in BABA-induced resistance (BABA-IR) in tomato. BABA significantly restricts the growth of the pathogens Oidium neolycopersici and Phytophthora parasitica but not Botrytis cinerea. A cluster analysis of the upregulated processes showed that BABA acts mainly as a stress factor in tomato. The main factor distinguishing BABA-IR from other stress conditions was the extensive induction of signaling and perception machinery playing a key role in effective resistance against pathogens. Interestingly, the signalling processes and immune response activated during BABA-IR in tomato differed from those in Arabidopsis with substantial enrichment of genes associated with jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) signalling and no change in Asp levels. Our results revealed key differences between the effect of BABA on tomato and other model plants studied until now. Surprisingly, salicylic acid (SA) is not involved in BABA downstream signalization whereas ET and JA play a crucial role.
Measuring The Effects of Cell Phone Snooping On Intention to Breakup in A Romantic Relationship

The evolvement of new trends in information and communication technology such as cell phones has brought about dynamism in interpersonal communication. Cell phones have enhanced communication among romantic partners; however, they also their demerits. Therefore, this study investigated how cell phone snooping by individuals influences the intention to break up in a romantic relationship. The study carried out a cross-sectional sampling of individuals ( n = 389) in romantic relationships using a pencil paper test. Findings indicate that cell phone snooping is a significant predictor of intention to break up in a romantic relationship. In addition, investigations also revealed that cell phone snooping influences low relational commitment and turbulence. In addition, revelations from the study indicated that low relational commitment and relational turbulence are significant mediators between cell phone snooping and relational turbulence.
On the strong convergence of weighted sums of widely dependent random variables

ABSTRACT For widely dependent random variables, we present some results on the strong convergence of weighted sums, including results on almost surely (a.s.) and complete convergence. To this end, we verified some Borel–Cantelli lemmas of the widely dependent random variables. The above-mentioned random variables contain common negatively dependent random variables, some positively dependent random variables, and some others; therefore, the obtained results extend and improve some existing results.
Numerical study of various geometries of breakwaters for the installation of floating wind turbines

The everyday growing populations all over the world and the necessity of increase in consumption of fossil energies have made the human to discover new energy resources, which are clean, cheap and renewable. Wind energy is one of the renewable energy resources. Considerable wind speed has made settling of wind turbines at sea beneficial and appealing. For this purpose, choosing the appropriate plates to set up wind turbines on the surface of sea is necessary. Regarding the installation condition, by choosing suitable geometry for floating breakwaters, offshore wind turbine can be mounted on them. Suitable geometry of breakwater for multifunctional usage could be selected with analyzing and comparing pressure, force and moment produced by incoming waves. In this article, we implement boundary element method to solve governing differential equations by assuming potential flow. On the other hand, for promoting free surface in each time step, we employed Euler-Lagrangian method. Finally, to find the appropriate geometry for installing the wind turbine on the breakwater, moment and wave profile next to the right and left side of breakwater body are calculated. Among simulated geometries, breakwater with trapezoid geometry which its larger base is placed in the water has more sustainability and it is the most suitable geometry for wind turbine installation.
Investigation of dual-band omnidirectional rectangular dielectric resonator antenna

Abstract A dual-band omnidirectional rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is presented in this paper. Higher order and modes of a rectangular DRA with square cross section are used to realize dual-band omnidirectional operation. Working principle of using modes for omnidirectional pattern is explained based on dielectric waveguide model (DWM) method. Frequency ratio of the two bands for different dimensions and permittivities is studied. A prototype antenna for 3.5-GHz WiMAX and 5.8-GHz WLAN bands was designed, fabricated, and measured. Proposed design concept is verified by the simulated and measured results.
Comparative Transcriptomics in Atlantic Salmon Head Kidney and SHK-1 Cell Line Exposed to the Sea Louse Cr-Cathepsin

The development of vaccines against sea lice in salmon farming is complex, expensive, and takes several years for commercial availability. Recently, transcriptome studies in sea louse have provided valuable information for identifying relevant molecules with potential use for fish vaccines. However, the bottleneck is the in vivo testing of recombinant protein candidates, the dosage, and the polyvalent formulation strategies. This study explored a cell-based approach to prospect antigens as candidate vaccines against sea lice by comparison with immunized fish. Herein, SHK-1 cells and Atlantic salmon head kidney tissue were exposed to the antigen cathepsin identified from the sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi. The cathepsin protein was cloned and recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli, and then SHK-1 cell lines were stimulated with 100 ng/mL cathepsin recombinant for 24 h. In addition, Atlantic salmons were vaccinated with 30 ug/mL recombinant protein, and head kidney samples were then collected 30 days post-immunization. SHK-1 cells and salmon head kidney exposed to cathepsin were analyzed by Illumina RNA sequencing. The statistical comparisons showed differences in the transcriptomic profiles between SHK-1 cells and the salmon head kidney. However, 24.15% of the differentially expressed genes were shared. Moreover, putative gene regulation through lncRNAs revealed tissue-specific transcription patterns. The top 50 up and downregulated lncRNAs were highly correlated with genes involved in immune response, iron homeostasis, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis. Also, highly enriched pathways related to the immune system and signal transduction were shared between both tissues. These findings highlight a novel approach to evaluating candidate antigens for sea lice vaccine development, improving the antigens screening in the SHK-1 cell line model.
Prior Knowledge-Augmented Broad Reinforcement Learning Framework for Fault Diagnosis of Heterogeneous Multiagent Systems

A heterogeneous multiagent system (MAS) can easily experience unpredictable faults due to its complex structure and involvement of different individuals. However, existing approaches have several issues, including complicated network architecture, insufficient feature extraction, and poor generalization ability. This study proposes a novel framework called prior knowledge-augmented broad reinforcement learning (PK-BRL) to effectively diagnose faults in a heterogeneous MAS. First, we construct a highly realistic visualized heterogeneous MAS and perform fault injection. Second, we present a novel fault diagnosis (FD) framework based on broad reinforcement learning (RL) with prior knowledge that effectively integrates offline RL and broad learning into the FD process. The interaction between heterogeneous multiagents and the constructed environment enables us to learn a superior FD strategy. Finally, experiments conducted on software-in-the-loop and hardware-in-the-loop platforms demonstrate that the proposed PK-BRL framework has a state-of-the-art diagnostic accuracy for the heterogeneous MAS, which offers valuable theoretical and practical significance for real-world application.
The Association of Screen Time, Sleep Quality, and Dry Eye Among College Students in Saudi Arabia

Background Dry eye is a serious public health issue that causes ocular discomfort, weariness, and visual disturbances that can disrupt everyday activities. Dry eye disease is one of the most common reasons people seek eye care. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the association between screen time, sleep quality, and dry eye among college students in Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among college students in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected through a validated questionnaire distributed via social media. Results A total of 1,593 participants were included. Many of them were aged between 18-25 years (80.7%) and females were (65.0%). Females and residents of the middle region had significantly more severe sleep-wake difficulties than other people (p<0.001). Participants with a master's degree had lower severe sleep-wake difficulties than other participants (p<0.001). Participants who spent between 4-6 hours on the screen showed high severe sleep-wake difficulties (p<0.001). Regarding eye dryness, females, participants with a bachelor's degree, and participants who spent more than six hours on screen had more severe symptoms of eye dryness. Nearly half of the participants with severe sleep-wake difficulties reported mild to moderate symptoms of dry eye (p<0.001). Conclusions Our study concluded that university students in Saudi Arabia had significant sleep-cycle difficulties and mild to moderate eye dryness symptoms. Age, female gender, sleep duration, educational level, monthly income, and excessive screen time were found to be associated with sleep-cycle problems and eye dryness symptoms.
High exposure to tacrolimus is associated with spontaneous remission of recurrent membranous nephropathy after kidney transplantation

ABSTRACT Introduction We aimed to characterize the incidence and clinical presentation of membranous nephropathy (MN) after kidney transplantation (KT), and to assess allograft outcomes according to proteinuria rates and immunosuppression management. Methods Multicenter retrospective cohort study including patients from six Spanish centers who received a KT between 1991–2019. Demographic, clinical, and histological data were collected from recipients with biopsy-proven MN as primary kidney disease (n = 71) or MN diagnosed de novo after KT (n = 4). Results Up to 25.4% of patients with biopsy-proven MN as primary kidney disease recurred after a median time of 18.1 months posttransplant, without a clear impact on graft survival. Proteinuria at 3-months post-KT was a predictor for MN recurrence (rMN, HR 4.28; P = 0.008). Patients who lost their grafts had higher proteinuria during follow-up [1.0 (0.5–2.5) vs 0.3 (0.1–0.5) g/24 h], but only eGFR after recurrence treatment predicted poorer graft survival (eGFR < 30 ml/min: RR = 6.8). We did not observe an association between maintenance immunosuppression and recurrence diagnosis. Spontaneous remission after rMN was associated with a higher exposure to tacrolimus before recurrence (trough concentration/dose ratio: 2.86 vs 1.18; P = 0.028). Up to 94.4% of KT recipients received one or several treatments after recurrence onset: 22.2% rituximab, 38.9% increased corticosteroid dose, and 66.7% ACEi/ARBs. Only 21 patients had proper antiPLA2R immunological monitoring. Conclusions One-fourth of patients with biopsy-proven MN as primary kidney disease recurred after KT, without a clear impact on graft survival. Spontaneous remission after rMN was associated with a higher exposure to tacrolimus before recurrence.
Distinct linkage between winter Tibetan Plateau snow depth and early summer Philippine Sea anomalous anticyclone

This article demonstrates that the above‐normal Tibetan Plateau snow depth (TPSD) in winter appears to be followed by an intensified Philippine Sea anticyclone in June (PSAC‐J), and vice versa. This linkage is clearly independent of the relationship between the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the PSAC‐J. Moreover, winter TPSD anomalies are typically associated with a PSAC‐J pattern that shifts northwards compared with that associated with ENSO. A better understanding of the combined effects of the winter TPSD and ENSO on the PSAC‐J could improve our ability to predict both the East Asia summer monsoon and variations in the Meiyu–Changma–Baiu rainbelt.
ElGamal cryptosystem and digital signature scheme based on polynomials over finite fields

A new ElGamal public key cryptosystem based on a polynomial over finite fields was presented. By this new cryptosystem, multiple messages were encrypted at the same time. Based on this new cryptosystem, a polynomial ElGamal digital signature was presented. By this new signature scheme, multiple messages were signed at the same time. The security of them is mainly based on the intractability of discrete logarithm problem.
Moving dim point target detection based on the spatial and temporal combined filter

The trajectories of dim point targets are always continuous in infrared image sequences.This can be used to improve the detection ability of the temporal based detection algorithms.In this paper,we present a spatial and temporal combined detection algorithm which utilizes both spatial and temporal information on moving dim point targets.Based on the analysis of the probable trajectories of moving dim point targets,a group of filter templates are constructed.And the trajectory of the dim moving target is obtained by using the constructed template to filter the temporal detection result.Also the target occurrence time in each pixel is extracted from the temporal based algorithm to further eliminate interference of the background.Since our new algorithm uses both spatial and temporal information on dim moving targets,it can have a better detection performance than the temporal based detection algorithm.Experiments with real infrared image sequences have proved the validity of the new approach.
Fast parallel algorithm for three-dimensional distance-driven model in iterative computed tomography reconstruction

The projection matrix model is used to describe the physical relationship between reconstructed object and projection. Such a model has a strong influence on projection and backprojection, two vital operations in iterative computed tomographic reconstruction. The distance-driven model (DDM) is a state-of-the-art technology that simulates forward and back projections. This model has a low computational complexity and a relatively high spatial resolution; however, it includes only a few methods in a parallel operation with a matched model scheme. This study introduces a fast and parallelizable algorithm to improve the traditional DDM for computing the parallel projection and backprojection operations. Our proposed model has been implemented on a GPU (graphic processing unit) platform and has achieved satisfactory computational efficiency with no approximation. The runtime for the projection and backprojection operations with our model is approximately 4.5 s and 10.5 s per loop, respectively, with an image size of 256×256×256 and 360 projections with a size of 512×512. We compare several general algorithms that have been proposed for maximizing GPU efficiency by using the unmatched projection/backprojection models in a parallel computation. The imaging resolution is not sacrificed and remains accurate during computed tomographic reconstruction.
Effect of Voltage Boundary Conditions on the Sensitivity and Design of Coplanar Capacitive Sensors

Coplanar capacitive sensors are widely employed in various applications due to their advantages in noninvasive evaluation, fabrication simplicity, and versatility. While there have been several experimental demonstrations, optimization of the boundary conditions and geometry is lacking. In this letter, we investigate the effect of both the voltage boundary conditions and the electrode geometry on the sensitivity with respect to an overlaid insulating layered structure. We perform electrostatic analysis using finite element simulations to study the distribution of electric fields between two coplanar electrodes, with various combinations of applied voltages and shielding electrodes beneath the sensing electrodes. By combining this analysis with variations in electrode geometry and permittivity distribution of layers, we demonstrate how specific geometries and material properties can amplify the effect of voltage boundary conditions. Our results indicate that incorporating conductive shielding electrodes can enhance the total capacitance while enabling increased sensitivity within regions close to the electrodes. Furthermore, our study reveals that conductive shielding electrodes are more effective in achieving higher sensitivity when the gap is of similar size to the electrode width. The outcomes of this research can facilitate the more efficient design of coplanar capacitive sensors, particularly for pressure sensing and proximity sensing applications where the overlaid material under test may undergo deformation.