Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Science of Breastfeeding and Brain Development.

In addition to short-term benefits such as reduced gastrointestinal infections and pneumonia, the long-term benefits of having been breastfed in infancy are of great interest to clinicians, policy-makers, and individuals faced with personal decisions about how to feed their infants. Because the newborn infant brain is uniquely sensitive to nutrition and to other aspects of the environment, interventions to promote optimal brain development early in life can have lasting effects on neurodevelopmental function. Rigorously designed research on the topic of breastfeeding and neurodevelopment is therefore critical to informing evidence-based policies that promote optimal child development across the life course.
High‐resolution precipitation mapping in a mountainous watershed: ground truth for evaluating uncertainty in a national precipitation dataset

A 69‐station, densely spaced rain gauge network was maintained over the period 1951–1958 in the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, located in the southern Appalachians in western North Carolina, USA. This unique dataset was used to develop the first digital seasonal and annual precipitation maps for the Coweeta basin, using elevation regression functions and residual interpolation. It was found that a 10‐m elevation grid filtered to an approximately 7‐km effective wavelength explained the most variance in precipitation (R2 = 0.82–0.95). A ‘dump zone’ of locally high precipitation a short distance downwind from the mountain crest marking the southern border of the basin was the main feature that was not explained well by the precipitation–elevation relationship.
On the Needs for Rotations in Hypercubic Quantization Hashing

The aim of this paper is to endow the well-known family of hypercubic quantization hashing methods with theoretical guarantees. In hypercubic quantization, applying a suitable (random or learned) rotation after dimensionality reduction has been experimentally shown to improve the results accuracy in the nearest neighbors search problem. We prove in this paper that the use of these rotations is optimal under some mild assumptions: getting optimal binary sketches is equivalent to applying a rotation uniformizing the diagonal of the covariance matrix between data points. Moreover, for two closed points, the probability to have dissimilar binary sketches is upper bounded by a factor of the initial distance between the data points. Relaxing these assumptions, we obtain a general concentration result for random matrices. We also provide some experiments illustrating these theoretical points and compare a set of algorithms in both the batch and online settings.
Centralized Congestion Control and Scheduling in a Datacenter

We consider the problem of designing a packet-level congestion control and scheduling policy for datacenter networks. Current datacenter networks primarily inherit the principles that went into the design of Internet, where congestion control and scheduling are distributed. While distributed architecture provides robustness, it suffers in terms of performance. Unlike Internet, data center is fundamentally a "controlled" environment. This raises the possibility of designing a centralized architecture to achieve better performance. Recent solutions such as Fastpass and Flowtune have provided the proof of this concept. This raises the question: what is theoretically optimal performance achievable in a data center? We propose a centralized policy that guarantees a per-flow end-to-end flow delay bound of $O$(#hops $\times$ flow-size $/$ gap-to-capacity). Effectively such an end-to-end delay will be experienced by flows even if we removed congestion control and scheduling constraints as the resulting queueing networks can be viewed as the classical reversible multi-class queuing network, which has a product-form stationary distribution. In the language of Harrison et al., we establish that baseline performance for this model class is achievable. Indeed, as the key contribution of this work, we propose a method to emulate such a reversible queuing network while satisfying congestion control and scheduling constraints. Precisely, our policy is an emulation of Store-and-Forward (SFA) congestion control in conjunction with Last-Come-First-Serve Preemptive-Resume (LCFS-PR) scheduling policy.
BJUT at TREC 2014 Contextual Suggestion Track: Hybrid Recommendation Based on Open-web Information

Abstract : In this paper we describe our efforts for TREC contextual suggestion task. Our goal of this year is to evaluate the effectiveness of: (1) Preference crawling method that as far as possible to obtain more candidate spots' information from open-web to model the users' interest profiles; (2) Automatic summarization method that leverages the information from multiple resources to generate the description for each candidate scenic spots (3) Hybrid recommendation method that combing a variety of factors to construct a system of hybrid recommendation system. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments to evaluate the proposed framework on TREC 2014 Contextual Suggestion data set, and, as would be expected, the results demonstrate its generality and superior performance.
The tryptophan requirement of male and female broilers during the 4-7 week period.

Studies with broiler type chickens were conducted to determine the minimum tryptophan requirement for maximum growth, optimum feed efficiency and molted body feather count for the 4-7 week period of growth for both male and females. Basal diets analyzed to contain 0.158, 0.157, and 0.147% tryptophan using analyzed tryptophan values of 0.09, 0.01, 0.31, 0.70, 0.40, and 0.46% for corn, gelatin, corn gluten meal, soybean meal, peanut meal-45, and peanut meal-50, respectively. Based on the regression equations for males, the calculated tryptophan requirement for maximum growth, optimum feed efficiency, and molted body feather count for the 4-7 week period is 0.179, 0.170, and 0.172%, respectively for 3300 Kcal. of M.E. per kg. of diet. When expressed as a function of energy, these requirements would be 0.054, 0.052, and 0.052% tryptophan per megacalorie of M.E. per kg. of diet, respectively. Based on the equations for females, the calculated tryptophan requirement for maximum growth, optimum feed efficiency, and molted body feather count is 0.173, 0.163, and 0.172%, respectively for 3300 Kcal. of M.E. per kg. of diet, respectively.
Perfect Detection of Spikes in the Linear Sub-threshold Dynamics of Point Neurons

Spiking neuronal networks are usually simulated with one of three main schemes: the classical time-driven and event-driven schemes, and the more recent hybrid scheme. All three schemes evolve the state of a neuron through a series of checkpoints: equally spaced in the first scheme and determined neuron-wise by spike events in the latter two. The time-driven and the hybrid scheme determine whether the membrane potential of a neuron crosses a threshold at the end of the time interval between consecutive checkpoints. Threshold crossing can, however, occur within the interval even if this test is negative. Spikes can therefore be missed. The present work offers an alternative geometric point of view on neuronal dynamics, and derives, implements, and benchmarks a method for perfect retrospective spike detection. This method can be applied to neuron models with affine or linear subthreshold dynamics. The idea behind the method is to propagate the threshold with a time-inverted dynamics, testing whether the threshold crosses the neuron state to be evolved, rather than vice versa. Algebraically this translates into a set of inequalities necessary and sufficient for threshold crossing. This test is slower than the imperfect one, but can be optimized in several ways. Comparison confirms earlier results that the imperfect tests rarely miss spikes (less than a fraction 1/108 of missed spikes) in biologically relevant settings.
BODY COMPOSITION ASSESSMENT WITH SEGMENTAL MULTIFREQUENCY BIOIMPEDANCE

Body composition assessment is an important factor in weight management, exercise science and clinical health care. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is widely used method for estimating body composition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate segmental multi-frequency bioimpedance method (SMFBIA) in body composition assessment with underwater weighing (UWW) and whole body dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in healthy obese middle-aged male subjects. The measurements were carried out at the UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research in Tampere, Finland according to standard procedures of BIA, UWW and DXA. Fifty-eight (n=58) male subjects, aged 36-53 years, body mass index (BMI) 24.9-40.7, were studied. Of them forty (n=40) underwent also DXA measurement. Fat mass (FM), fat-percentage (F%) and fat free mass (FFM) were the primary outcome variables. The mean whole body FM (+SD) from UWW was 31.5 kg (±7.3). By DXA it was 29.9 kg (±8.1) and by SMFBIA it was 25.5 kg (±7.6), respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were 0.91 between UWW and SMFBIA, 0.94 between DXA and SMFBIA and 0.91 between UWW and DXA, respectively. The mean segmental FFM (+SD) from DXA was 7.7 kg (±1.0) for arms, 41.7 kg (±4.6) for trunk and 21.9 kg (±2.2) for legs. By SMFBIA, it was 8.5 kg (±0.9), 31.7 kg (±2.5) and 20.3 kg (±1.6), respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.75 for arms, 0.72 for legs and 0.77 for trunk. This study demonstrates that SMFBIA is usefull method to evaluate fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM) and fat percentage (F%) from whole body. Moreover, SMFBIA is suitable method for assessing segmental distribution of fat free mass (FFM) compared to whole body DXA. The results of this study indicate that the SMFBIA method may be particularly advantageous in large epidemiological studies as being a simple, rapid and inexpensive method for field use of whole body and segmental body composition assessment.
Microbial Diversity: Relevance and Relationship Between Environmental Conservation And Human Health

ABSTRACT This work presents bibliographic data on the role and function of microbial diversity. The increasing use of probiotics and prebiotics foods has led to the studies on their actual functions in the human body. It is known that in the environment, microorganisms are extremely important in recycling of nutrients, balance of trophic chains, vital physiological activities in the plants and animals, as well as the conservation of natural habitats. In human food, these microscopic organisms contribute from flavoring products to the synthesis of antimicrobial substances and vitamins essential to living beings . Key words: Bacteria, nutraceutical, collective health, review * Author for correspondence: neivaknaak@gmail.com INTRODUCTION Environmental and health issues, along with the increase in food production, have been topics of investments in the area of scientific research. Food production with quality and quantity to meet the world's population is a matter related to public health. The defense of biodiversity stimulates the production of foods that provide benefits for the consumers and simultaneously benefit environmental sustainability. Consumption of processed products with low nutritional value and high levels of trans fatty acids is frequent in the population. In Brazil, ten steps to a healthy diet were included in the National Plan for the promotion of proper nutrition and healthy weight, which aimed to improve people's knowledge about health and encourages the practice of physical exercises. In these ten steps, it is possible to check the improvement in the quality of life of the consumer, so they facilitate and improve the eating habits of the intestinal microbiota, and therefore, a person's health (Vinholes et al. 2009). The human diet is a key indicator of quality of life and affects individuals in different ways, because of the importance of protein, vitamins, minerals and nutrients that are needed for the perfect functioning of the body. The cereals have similar percentages of protein, lipid, fiber, ash and carbohydrate. Cereals are foods of plant origin, consisting of grains and largely consumed by the people worldwide. The name ‘cereal’ derives from the Ceres , the Greek goddess of agriculture and harvest. The main cultivated cereals are rice, wheat, corn, oats, rye, barley and triticale. They are widely consumed for being part of the food habits of many people; for ease of culture, conservation, transportation and income, for being
STUDY OF ARACHIDONIC ACID RELEASING STATUS IN DIABETIC RATS TREATED WITH FLAXSEED OIL

Objective: Diabetes mellitus increased inflammation through stimulation of arachidonic acid liberation from the cell membranes which is transformed into actively cellular mediators such as thromboxanes, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes. So, this study aimed to investigate the effect of flaxseed oil as a source of omega 3 fatty acids on releasing of arachidonic acid from erythrocyte membrane and also on possible reduction of hyperhomocysteinemia during experimental diabetes. Methods: Forty male albino rats were used in this study and divided into four groups: control, diabetic, flaxseed oil and treated groups. After the experimental period, blood samples were collected to estimate different biochemical parameters in plasma and in the erythrocyte membrane. Results: The data showed the elevation of membrane arachidonic acid along with the elevation of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in the diabetic group while flaxseed oil supplementation significantly decreased these levels. Conclusion: We concluded that flaxseed oil is a promising supplement during diabetes mellitus due to its powerful effect in reducing arachidonic acid release and inhibition of hyperhomocysteinemia. Keywords: flaxseed oil, Arachidonic acid, Hyperhomocysteinemia, Cell membrane, HPLC
Guidelines for the Pharmacotherapy of Schizophrenia in Adults

Objective: The present guidelines address the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia in adults across different stages, phases, and symptom domains. Method: Guidelines were developed using the ADAPTE process, which takes advantage of existing guidelines. Six guidelines were identified for adaptation, with recommendations extracted from each. For those specific to the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia in adults, a working group selected between guidelines and recommendations to create an adapted guideline. Results: Recommendations can be categorized into 6 areas that include 1) first-episode schizophrenia, 2) acute exacerbation, 3) relapse prevention and maintenance treatment, 4) treatment-resistant schizophrenia, 5) clozapine-resistant schizophrenia, and 6) specific symptom domains. For each category, recommendations are made based on the available evidence, which is discussed and linked to other established guidelines. Conclusions: In most cases, evidence-based recommendations are made that can be used to guide current clinical treatment and decision making. Notably, however, there is a paucity of established evidence to guide treatment decision making in the case of clozapine-resistant schizophrenia, a subsample that represents a sizable proportion of those with schizophrenia.
Oxytocin, social factors, and the expression of conditioned disgust (anticipatory nausea) in male rats

Disgust has been proposed to have evolved as a means to rid the body and mouth of noxious substances and toxins, as well as to motivate and facilitate avoidance of contact with disease-causing organisms and infectious materials. Nonemetic species, such as the rat, show distinctive facial expressions, including the gaping reaction, indicative of nausea-based disgust. These conditioned disgust responses can be used to model anticipatory nausea in humans, which is a learned response observed following chemotherapy treatment. As social factors play a role in the modulation and expression of conditioned disgust responses in rats, and the nonapeptide, oxytocin (OT), is involved in the modulation of social behavior, the present study examined the effects of an OT antagonist, L-368 899, on the development and expression of socially mediated conditioned disgust in male rats. When administered 10 min before testing in a distinct context (different from the original conditioning context), L-368 899 (5 mg/kg) significantly decreased gaping behavior in rats that were conditioned with a social partner. LiCl-treated rats administered L-368 899 before testing also showed decreased social initiations toward their social partner. These findings suggest that OT may play a role in the modulation and expression of socially mediated conditioned disgust in rats.
Two novel unstable hemoglobin variants due to in‐frame deletions of key amino acids in the β‐globin chain

Hemoglobinopathies are the most common autosomal recessive disorders and are mostly inherited in a recessive manner. However, certain mutations can affect the globin chain stability, leading to dominant forms of thalassemia. The aim of this work was the molecular and structural characterization of two heterozygous in‐frame deletions, leading to β‐globin variants in pediatric patients in Argentina. The HBB gene of the probands and their parents was sequenced, and other markers of globin chain imbalance were analyzed. Several structural analyses were performed, and the effect of the mutations on the globin chain stability was analyzed. In Hb JC‐Paz, HBB:c. 29_37delCTGCCGTTA (p.Ala10_Thr12del), detected in an Argentinean boy, one α‐helix turn is expected to be lost. In Hb Tavapy, HBB:c. 182_187delTGAAGG (p.Val60_Lys61del), the deleted residues are close to distal histidine (His63) in the heme pocket. Both mutations are predicted to have a destabilizing effect. The development of computational structural models and bioinformatics algorithms is expected to become a useful tool to understand the impact of the mutations leading to dominant thalassemia.
Potential and clinical translation of oncolytic measles viruses

ABSTRACT Introduction: Oncolytic viruses represent a novel treatment modality that is unencumbered by the standard resistance mechanisms limiting the therapeutic efficacy of conventional antineoplastic agents. Attenuated engineered measles virus strains derived from the Edmonston vaccine lineage have undergone extensive preclinical evaluation with significant antitumor activity observed in a broad range of preclinical tumoral models. These have laid the foundation for several clinical trials in both solid and hematologic malignancies, which have demonstrated safety, biologic activity and the ability to elicit antitumor immune responses. Areas covered: This review examines the published preclinical data which supported the clinical translation of this therapeutic platform, reviews the available clinical trial data and expands on ongoing phase II testing. It also looks at approaches to optimize clinical applicability and offers future perspectives. Expert opinion: Reverse genetic engineering has allowed the generation of oncolytic MV strains retargeted to increase viral tumor specificity, or armed with therapeutic and immunomodulatory genes in order to enhance anti-tumor efficacy. Continuous efforts focusing on exploring methods to overcome resistance pathways and determining optimal combinatorial strategies will facilitate further development of this encouraging antitumor strategy.
Radiation-Induced Fluidity and Glass-Liquid Transition in Irradiated Amorphous Materials - 9082

This paper describes the fl uidity behaviour of continuously irradiated glasses using the Congruent Bond Lattice model in which broken bonds – configurons –facilitate the flow. Irradiation breaks the bonds creating configurons which at high concentrations provide the transition of material from the glassy to liquid state. An explicit equation of viscosity has been derived which gives results in agreement with experimental data. This equation provides correct viscosity data for non-irradiated materials and shows a significant increase of fluidity in radiation fields. It demonstrates a decrease of activation energy of flow for irradiated glasses. A simple equation for glass-transition temperature was also obtained which shows that irradiated glasses have lower glass transition temperatures and are readily transformed from glassy to liquid state e.g. fluidised in strong radiation fields.
Influence of virginiamycin and dietary manganese on performance, manganese utilization, and intestinal tract weight of broilers.

An experiment was conducted with day-old Cobb feather-sexed chicks for 21 days to study the effect of virginiamycin and dietary manganese on tissue uptake of manganese and intestinal tract weight. The 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments included 0 or 12 ppm virginiamycin and 0 or 1000 ppm added manganese as MnSO4 X H2O. Ad libitum intake was determined with four pens of five birds fed the basal corn-soybean meal diet. To eliminate the possibility that tissue manganese concentration of virginiamycin-fed birds could be attributed to increased dietary manganese intake, chicks fed experimental diets were restricted to 90% of the previous day's intake of ad libitum-fed birds. Feed intake, average daily gain, and feed efficiency were not affected by treatments. Virginiamycin decreased (P less than .001) relative intestinal tract weight from 3.34 to 2.68 g/100 g body weight. Kidney and bone manganese increased (P less than .05) when virginiamycin was fed (14.0 vs. 15.4 ppm dry basis and 21.8 vs. 24.6 ppm ash basis, respectively), indicating that virginiamycin increased absorption of manganese.
Recent Development in Natural Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

This review article describes the recent developments of natural fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites. Natural fibers are low-cost, recyclable, and eco-friendly materials. Due to eco-friendly and bio-degradability characteristics of these natural fibers, they are considered as strong candidates to replace the conventional glass and carbon fibers. The chemical, mechanical, and physical properties of natural fibers have distinct properties; depending upon the cellulosic content of the fibers which varies from fiber to fiber. The mechanical properties of composites are influenced mainly by the adhesion between matrix and fibers. Chemical and physical modification methods were incorporated to improve the fiber—matrix adhesion resulting in the enhancement of mechanical properties of the composites. The most important natural fibers are jute, flax, and coir and their novel processing technics to develop natural fiber reinforced composites are also described.
α2-Antiplasmin: New Insights and Opportunities for Ischemic Stroke

Abstract Thrombotic vascular occlusion is the leading cause of ischemic stroke. High blood levels of α2-antiplasmin (a2AP), an ultrafast, covalent inhibitor of plasmin, have been linked in humans to increased risk of ischemic stroke and failure of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) therapy. Consistent with these observations, a2AP neutralizes the therapeutic benefit of tPA therapy in experimental stroke. In addition, a2AP has deleterious, dose-related effects on ischemic brain injury in the absence of therapy. Experimental therapeutic inactivation of a2AP markedly reduces microvascular thrombosis, ischemic brain injury, brain swelling, brain hemorrhage, and death after thromboembolic stroke. These data provide new insights into the critical importance of a2AP in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury and suggest that transiently inactivating a2AP may have therapeutic value in ischemic stroke.