Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exomer: a coat complex for transport of select membrane proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane in yeast

Ayeast plasma membrane protein, Chs3p, transits to the mother–bud neck from a reservoir comprising the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and endosomal system. Two TGN/endosomal peripheral proteins, Chs5p and Chs6p, and three Chs6p paralogues form a complex that is required for the TGN to cell surface transport of Chs3p. The role of these peripheral proteins has not been clear, and we now provide evidence that they create a coat complex required for the capture of membrane proteins en route to the cell surface. Sec7p, a Golgi protein required for general membrane traffic and functioning as a nucleotide exchange factor for the guanosine triphosphate (GTP)–binding protein Arf1p, is required to recruit Chs5p to the TGN surface in vivo. Recombinant forms of Chs5p, Chs6p, and the Chs6p paralogues expressed in baculovirus form a complex of approximately 1 MD that binds synthetic liposomes in a reaction requiring acidic phospholipids, Arf1p, and the nonhydrolyzable GTPγS. The complex remains bound to liposomes centrifuged on a sucrose density gradient. Thin section electron microscopy reveals a spiky coat structure on liposomes incubated with the full complex, Arf1p, and GTPγS. We termed the novel coat exomer for its role in exocytosis from the TGN to the cell surface. Unlike other coats (e.g., coat protein complex I, II, and clathrin/adaptor protein complex), the exomer does not form buds or vesicles on liposomes.
Invasiveness and MMP expression in pancreatic carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Previous investigations have suggested that expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may be related to increased invasiveness of various tumors. This study evaluated a possible relation between pancreatic tumor cell invasiveness and MMPs. METHODS A Matrigel invasion assay was performed with pancreatic tumor cell line SUIT-2 and its sublines S2-007, S2-013, S2-020, and S2-028. The degree of invasiveness of stimulated and unstimulated cell lines was correlated with MMP gene expression measured by RT-PCR and MMP protein product measured by gelatin zymography. Cell lines were stimulated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), concanavalin (Con-A), and polymerized collagen type I gel (Vitrogen). RESULTS For SUIT-2, S2-007, S2-013, S2-020, and S2-028, 3.2, 1.0, 4.1, 6.4, and 0.4%, respectively, of the cells invaded the Matrigel membrane. TPA, Con-A, and Vitrogen resulted in the up-regulation of MMP-2 in S2-020. TPA and Vitrogen resulted in up-regulation of MMP-9 in each of the cell lines, while Con-A could up-regulate MMP-9 expression only in SUIT-2. There was no constitutive expression of either MMP-2 or MMP-9 in SUIT-2 or its sublines. There was a positive relationship between Matrigel invasiveness and up-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. CONCLUSION These data suggest that, while MMP-2 and MMP-9 are not constitutively expressed in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines, they may be up-regulated by TPA, Con-A, and Vitrogen. Since MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression correlated with degree of tumor cell invasiveness, the ability to up-regulate MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression may play a role in facilitating pancreatic tumor cell invasion.
Study of bi-directional DC-DC converter of micro-grid hybrid energy storage system

Hybrid energy storage can take advantage of super capacitor's high power density and battery's high energy density. At the same time, hybrid energy storage cost less. So it's suitable for micro-grid power balance control. This paper presents a main circuit structure which is Buck/Boost converters connecting super capacitor and battery with PWM (pulse width modulation) inverter to achieve bi-directional power adjustment and improve utilization of super capacitor. DC bus voltage is sensitive to and fluctuates with switching of PWM inverter's working conditions. To solve this problem a combination of voltage-current close loop control and power feed-forward control is adopted in super capacitor control while achieving fast power tracking; peak current control is adopted in battery control, this control strategy has simple control circuit and high reliability. Meanwhile peak current control can limit maximum current of battery, so it can protect battery and prolong battery life. Simulation confirmed the effectiveness of the method with voltage fluctuations within the range of 10%.
Rational and Irrational Issues in Breast Cancer Screening

Evidence on the efficacy of breast screening from randomized controlled trials conducted in the last decades of the 1900s is reviewed. For decades, controversy about their results has centered on the magnitude of benefit in terms of breast cancer mortality reduction that can be achieved. However more recently, several expert bodies have estimated the benefits to be smaller than initially expected and concerns have been raised about screening consequences such as over-diagnosis and unnecessary treatment. Trials with substantial mortality reduction have been lauded and others with null effects have been critiqued. Critiques of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study are refuted. Extreme responses by screening advocates to the United States Preventive Services Task Force 2009 guidelines are described. The role vested interests play in determining health policy is clearly revealed in the response to the guidelines and should be more generally known. A general reluctance to explore unexpected results or to accept new paradigms is briefly discussed.
Hyperspectral Image Super-Resolution by Spectral Difference Learning and Spatial Error Correction

A hyperspectral image (HSI) super-resolution (SR) is a highly attractive topic in computer vision. However, most existed methods require an auxiliary high-resolution (HR) image with respect to the input low-resolution (LR) HSI. This limits the practicability of these HSI SR methods. Moreover, these methods often destroy the important spectral information. This letter presents a deep spectral difference convolutional neural network (SDCNN) with the combination of a spatial-error-correction (SEC) model for HSI SR. This method allows for full exploration of the spectral and spatial correlations, which achieves a good spatial information enhancement and spectral information preservation. In the proposed method, the key band is automatically selected and super-resolved with the boundary bands. Meanwhile, spectral difference mapping between the LR and HR HSIs can be learned by the SDCNN, and then be transformed according to the SEC model, which aims at correcting the spatial error while preserving the spectral information. The rest nonkey bands will be super-resolved under the guidance of the transformed spectral difference. Experimental results on synthesized and real-scenario HSIs suggest that the proposed method: 1) achieves comparable performance without requiring any auxiliary images of the same scene and 2) requires less computation time than the state-of-the-art methods.
Lithium Storage in Ordered Mesoporous Carbon (CMK‐3) with High Reversible Specific Energy Capacity and Good Cycling Performance

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No-Holdback Allocation Rules for Continuous-Time Assemble-to-Order Systems

This paper analyzes a class of common-component allocation rules, termed no-holdback (NHB) rules, in continuous-review assemble-to-order (ATO) systems with positive lead times. The inventory of each component is replenished following an independent base-stock policy. In contrast to the usually assumed first-come-first-served (FCFS) component allocation rule in the literature, an NHB rule allocates a component to a product demand only if it will yield immediate fulfillment of that demand. We identify metrics as well as cost and product structures under which NHB rules outperform all other component allocation rules. For systems with certain product structures, we obtain key performance expressions and compare them to those under FCFS. For general product structures, we present performance bounds and approximations. Finally, we discuss the applicability of these results to more general ATO systems.
Insight into the Architecture of the NuRD Complex

Background: The NuRD complex controls gene expression through altering chromatin structure. Results: The MTA1-RbAp48 structure shows how the RbAp46/p48 histone chaperones are recruited to NuRD. Conclusion: The MTA subunits act as scaffolds for NuRD complex assembly. Significance: The MTA/RbAp48 interaction prevents binding of histone H4, which is crucial for understanding the role of the RbAp46/p48 chaperones in the complex. The nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex is a widely conserved transcriptional co-regulator that harbors both nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase activities. It plays a critical role in the early stages of ES cell differentiation and the reprogramming of somatic to induced pluripotent stem cells. Abnormalities in several NuRD proteins are associated with cancer and aging. We have investigated the architecture of NuRD by determining the structure of a subcomplex comprising RbAp48 and MTA1. Surprisingly, RbAp48 recognizes MTA1 using the same site that it uses to bind histone H4, showing that assembly into NuRD modulates RbAp46/48 interactions with histones. Taken together with other results, our data show that the MTA proteins act as scaffolds for NuRD complex assembly. We further show that the RbAp48-MTA1 interaction is essential for the in vivo integration of RbAp46/48 into the NuRD complex.
Wavelet Shrinkage for Regression Models with Uniform Design and Correlated Errors

This paper presents some results on semi-parametric regression using wavelet methods in the presence of autocorrelated stationary Gaussian errors, and when the explanatory variable follows an Uniform distribution. It is shown that this Uniform distribution arrives in the special cases of stochastic sampling: the Poisson and the jittered sampling schemes. The aim is to estimate the signal globally with low risk. It is shown that in these special cases the samples can be treated as if they were equispaced and with correlated noise; i.e., the estimator achieves an almost optimal convergence rate. Some simulation studies compare the cases with and without correlated errors in finite samples. Daily volatility estimatives of a low-traded stock illustrate the usefulness of the method.
Predictors of Pain Relief Following Spinal Cord Stimulation in Chronic Back and Leg Pain and Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis

We sought to assess the extent to which pain relief in chronic back and leg pain (CBLP) following spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is influenced by patient‐related factors, including pain location, and technology factors. A number of electronic databases were searched with citation searching of included papers and recent systematic reviews. All study designs were included. The primary outcome was pain relief following SCS, we also sought pain score (pre‐ and post‐SCS). Multiple predictive factors were examined: location of pain, history of back surgery, initial level of pain, litigation/worker's compensation, age, gender, duration of pain, duration of follow‐up, publication year, continent of data collection, study design, quality score, method of SCS lead implant, and type of SCS lead. Between‐study association in predictive factors and pain relief were assessed by meta‐regression. Seventy‐four studies (N = 3,025 patients with CBLP) met the inclusion criteria; 63 reported data to allow inclusion in a quantitative analysis. Evidence of substantial statistical heterogeneity (P < 0.0001) in level of pain relief following SCS was noted. The mean level of pain relief across studies was 58% (95% CI: 53% to 64%, random effects) at an average follow‐up of 24 months. Multivariable meta‐regression analysis showed no predictive patient or technology factors. SCS was effective in reducing pain irrespective of the location of CBLP. This review supports SCS as an effective pain relieving treatment for CBLP with predominant leg pain with or without a prior history of back surgery. Randomized controlled trials need to confirm the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of SCS in the CLBP population with predominant low back pain.
The capacity of cloud-RAN: Outer bound with quantisation and constrained fronthaul load

In this paper, we consider a distributed ‘massive MIMO’ system with multiple intermediate relays serving multiple sources jointly via a constrained fronthaul. Each relay employs uniform quantisation and the modulo operation to meet the bandwidth constraint. We derive the loss of the mutual information due to these processes. By adaptively optimising the interval of the lattice quantiser based on the channel, we evaluate the inevitable loss of mutual information under different modulo operations (fronthaul load per channel use). Numerical results reveal the outer bound of this scheme and the inevitable gap compared to the ideal C-RAN with infinite bandwidth. Implementation issues associated with this scheme are also investigated.
Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog Pathways in Rhabdomyosarcoma: From Single Pathways to an Integrated Network

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common type of soft tissue sarcoma in children. Regarding histopathological criteria, RMS can be divided into 2 main subtypes: embryonal and alveolar. These subtypes differ considerably in their clinical phenotype and molecular features. Abnormal regulation or mutation of signalling pathways that regulate normal embryonic development such as Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt is a recurrent feature in tumorigenesis. Herein, the general features of each of the three pathways, their implication in cancer and particularly in RMS are reviewed. Finally, the cross-talking among these three pathways and the possibility of better understanding of the horizontal communication among them, leading to the development of more potent therapeutic approaches, are discussed.
Changes in the banking sector - the case of Internet banking in the UK

The Internet is gaining popularity as a delivery channel in the banking sector. At the same time, customer needs are changing. A total of 12 Internet banking operations in the UK are analysed under customer empowerment functions and Internet banking Web attributes. Internet banking renders location and time irrelevant, and empowers customers with greater control of their accounts. Banks achieve cost and efficiency gains in a large number of operational areas.
MitoZoa 2.0: a database resource and search tools for comparative and evolutionary analyses of mitochondrial genomes in Metazoa

The MITOchondrial genome database of metaZOAns (MitoZoa) is a public resource for comparative analyses of metazoan mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) at both the sequence and genomic organizational levels. The main characteristics of the MitoZoa database are the careful revision of mtDNA entry annotations and the possibility of retrieving gene order and non-coding region (NCR) data in appropriate formats. The MitoZoa retrieval system enables basic and complex queries at various taxonomic levels using different search menus. MitoZoa 2.0 has been enhanced in several aspects, including: a re-annotation pipeline to check the correctness of protein-coding gene predictions; a standardized annotation of introns and of precursor ORFs whose functionality is post-transcriptionally recovered by RNA editing or programmed translational frameshifting; updates of taxon-related fields and a BLAST sequence similarity search tool. Database novelties and the definition of standard mtDNA annotation rules, together with the user-friendly retrieval system and the BLAST service, make MitoZoa a valuable resource for comparative and evolutionary analyses as well as a reference database to assist in the annotation of novel mtDNA sequences. MitoZoa is freely accessible at http://www.caspur. it/mitozoa.
A Novel Three-Phase Diode Boost Rectifier Using Hybrid Half-DC-Bus-Voltage Rated Boost Converter

A novel three-phase diode boost rectifier is proposed in this paper. The core of the proposed topology is a power conversion device [the loss-free transformer (LFT)] with two terminals; one input and one output. The input is parallel-connected with the dc bus capacitor, while the output is connected between the rectifier plus rail and the dc bus plus rail. The LFT is controlled in such a way to control the rectifier current and boost the dc bus voltage. In contrast to the ordinary boost rectifiers, the switches of the new boost rectifier are rated on a fraction of the dc bus voltage and a fraction of the input current. It makes this topology very compact and efficient. Power rating, size, and losses depend strongly on the ratio of the dc bus voltage to rectifier voltage (boosting factor). For example, if the boosting factor is low, below 1.5, the power converter efficiency could be 98-99%. The proposed boost rectifier has been analyzed and experimentally verified on a 5.5-kW prototype. The results are presented and discussed.
Assessing risk in a job schedule: integrating a scheduling heuristic and a simulation model to a spreadsheet

Deterministic scheduling algorithms are often applied to problems in stochastic settings perhaps because they are already hard to solve even without considering stochastic characteristics. We are interested in assessing the measure of risk in performance measures (e.g., makespan) when these algorithms are used in probabilistic environment. We design an easy-to-use Microsoft Excel program that integrates a Visual Basic Application (VBA) subroutine which performs scheduling procedures, with an Arena simulation model that imitates the stochastic production environment. Our program suggests a job schedule, its associated performance measures and the corresponding prediction intervals. At the moment, we only consider the m-machine permutation flowshop problem with the makespan (or completion time) objective.
Genetic Backgrounds but Not Sizes of Atherosclerotic Lesions Determine Medial Destruction in the Aortic Root of Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice

Objective—Destruction of the elastic media is the most striking histologic feature of atherosclerotic aortic aneurysms. Apolipoprotein E–deficient (apoE−/-) mice fed a Western diet develop advanced atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta. We sought to assess the integrity of atherosclerotic aortic walls in 2 apoE−/- strains, C57BL/6 (B6) and C3H/HeJ (C3H) that differ markedly in atherosclerosis susceptibility. Methods and Results—C3H.apoE−/- mice developed much smaller atherosclerotic lesions than did B6.apoE−/- mice after being fed a Western diet for 16 weeks, but the C3H.apoE−/− mice exhibited destruction of the elastic media, including erosion, fragmentation, and focal dilatation beneath plaques. Gelatin and casein zymography showed proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) −9, −2, and −12 in aortic tissues and of MMP-9 and −12 in macrophages from both strains. However, C3H.apoE−/- mice showed significantly increased MMP-2 and −12 activity in aortas and macrophages compared with those from B6.apoE−/- mice. MMP-9 activity was comparable in aortic tissues of the 2 strains, but it was significantly higher in macrophages from C3H.apoE−/- than from B6.apoE−/- mice. Conclusions—Data indicate that genetic backgrounds but not sizes of atherosclerotic lesions determine medial destruction in the aortic root of apoE−/- mice and that an increase in MMP proteolytic activity might contribute to the medial destruction of aortic walls in C3H.apoE−/- mice.
Cross-Cultural Considerations in Pediatric Neuropsychology: A Review and Call to Attention

In the search to understand the basis of performance discrepancies, many clinicians are recognizing that, often, factors with no direct relationship to brain functioning influence performance on neuropsychological measures of cognition among children and adolescents. The emergent research on cross-cultural neuropsychology indicates that while the test performance discrepancies do indeed exist, they can be explained by a number of other factors, some of which are known and others that have yet to be operationalized or even identified. While a review of all such factors is beyond the scope of this article, an examination of those that have received the most attention is presented: factors associated with the examinee, factors associated with the neuropsychological measures, cultural competency of the examiner, and factors at the organizational/political level.
Modeling and design of energy efficient variable stiffness actuators

In this paper, we provide a port-based mathematical framework for analyzing and modeling variable stiffness actuators. The framework provides important insights in the energy requirements and, therefore, it is an important tool for the design of energy efficient variable stiffness actuators. Based on new insights gained from this approach, a novel conceptual actuator is presented. Simulations show that the apparent output stiffness of this actuator can be dynamically changed in an energy efficient way.
Hybrid PRM Sampling with a Cost-Sensitive Adaptive Strategy

A number of advanced sampling strategies have been proposed in recent years to address the narrow passage problem for probabilistic roadmap (PRM) planning. These sampling strategies all have unique strengths, but none of them solves the problem completely. In this paper, we present a general and systematic approach for adaptively combining multiple sampling strategies so that their individual strengths are preserved. We have performed experiments with this approach on robots with up to 12 degrees of freedom in complex 3-D environments. Experiments show that although the performance of individual sampling strategies varies across different environments, the adaptive hybrid sampling strategies constructed with this approach perform consistently well in all environments. Further, we show that, under reasonable assumptions, the adaptive strategies are provably competitive against all individual strategies used.