Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combined Subscapularis Tears in Massive Posterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears

Background: Previous studies on massive rotator cuff tears have not addressed the outcomes of tears extending to the subscapularis tendon. Hypothesis: The retear rate in patients with a massive posterosuperior rotator cuff tear combined with a subscapularis tear is higher than that in patients with a massive posterosuperior rotator cuff tear with an intact subscapularis tendon. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Data were collected and analyzed from 92 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic repair of a massive posterosuperior rotator cuff tear. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the status of the subscapularis tendon: intact subscapularis tendon (I-massive tear; n = 42), tear involving half or less than half of the subscapularis tendon (S-massive tear; n = 22), and tear involving more than half of the subscapularis tendon (L-massive tear; n = 28). The integrity of the rotator cuff was determined by ultrasonography at 4.5 and 12 months or later after surgery. Clinical evaluations were performed using the visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the Constant score, and active shoulder range of motion. Data were collected on the day before surgery and at final follow-up (at least 24 months postoperatively). Results: A total of 25 retears (27%) were identified based on an ultrasonographic evaluation. Although statistical significance was not found, there was a trend toward a higher retear rate in patients with an L-massive tear (43%) compared with those with an S-massive tear (18%; P = .050) or I-massive tear (21%; P = .059) at final follow-up. The subclassification of retears according to the involved tendons revealed that subsequent retears of the subscapularis tendon were noted only in patients with an L-massive tear. In patients with an L-massive tear, postoperative data comparison between patients with intact subscapularis tendons and those with failed subscapularis tendons revealed that a significant difference was noted in the VAS (1.1 vs 3.8, respectively) and ASES (90.6 vs 58.5, respectively) scores. The improvement in clinical scores after repair was statistically significant in all groups but not different between the groups. Conclusion: The arthroscopic repair of massive tears results in substantial improvements in shoulder function, regardless of the presence of combined subscapularis tears. However, this study showed a trend toward a high failure rate for the repair of massive posterosuperior rotator cuff tears extending over half of the subscapularis tendon. Therefore, other treatment options should also be considered for this type of rotator cuff tear.
Transcriptional mapping of the 3' end of the bovine syncytial virus genome

The bovine syncytial virus, a member of the retroviral subfamily Spumavirinae, causes a persistent, asymptomatic infection in cattle. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the viral genome revealed two overlapping reading frames in the 3' region, traditionally occupied by accessory-function genes in other complex retroviruses. In order to analyze the transcripts from the accessory-gene region, we designed oligonucleotide primers complementary to sequences within the 5' and 3' long terminal repeats (LTRs) for use with the PCR. Southern blot analysis of amplification products revealed eight major cDNA bands. Eleven distinct cDNA clones were subsequently isolated and characterized. The initial splice donor in each clone is located 49 bp downstream from the mRNA cap site in the 5' LTR. The primary splice acceptor site was located 17 bp upstream from the proximal 3' open reading frame known as BF-ORF1. A second major splice acceptor was localized to a region upstream of the second open reading frame, BF-ORF2. Clones were identified which spliced directly to each of these sites. Additional splice donor and acceptor sites within BF-ORF1 and BF-ORF2 and the 3' LTR were variously used to generate a complex array of multiply spliced transcripts. Each of these transcripts remained in frame and coded for a potential protein product.
Quadtree-Structured Linear Prediction Models for Image Sequence Processing

A summary is presented of a study on two-dimensional linear prediction models for image sequence processing and its application to change detection and scene coding. The study focused on two-dimensional joint process modeling of interframe relationships, the derivation of computationally efficient matching algorithms, and the implementation of a block-adaptive interframe predictor for use in interframe predictive coding and change detection. In the approach presented, the spatial nonstationarity is handled by an underlying quadtree segmentation structure. A maximum-likelihood criterion and a simpler minimum-variance criterion are discussed as detection and segmentation rules. The results of this research indicate that a constrained joint process model involving only a single gain parameter and a shift parameter is the best tradeoff between performance and computational complexity. >
Structure and Performance of Decision Support Algorithms onActive

Growth and usage trends for large decision support databases indicate that there is a need for archi-tectures that scale the processing power as the dataset grows. These trends indicate that the processing demand for large decision support databases is growing faster than the improvement in performance of commodity processors. To meet this need, several researchers have recently proposed Active Disk/IDISK architectures which integrate substantial processing power and memory into disk units. In this paper, we examine the utility of Active Disks for decision support databases. We try to answer the following questions. First, is it possible to restructure algorithms for common decision support tasks to utilize Active Disks? Second, how does the performance of Active Disks compare with that of traditional servers for these tasks? Finally, how would Active Disks be integrated into the software architecture of decision support databases?
Perturbed Hankel Determinants: Applications to the Information Theory of MIMO Wireless Communications

In this paper we compute two important information-theoretic quantities which arise in the application of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna wireless communication systems: the distribution of the mutual information of multi-antenna Gaussian channels, and the Gallager random coding upper bound on the error probability achievable by finite-length channel codes. It turns out that the mathematical problem underpinning both quantities is the computation of certain Hankel determinants generated by deformed versions of classical weight functions. For single-user MIMO systems, it is a deformed Laguerre weight, whereas for multi-user MIMO systems it is a deformed Jacobi weight. We apply two different methods to characterize each of these Hankel determinants. First, we employ the ladder operators of the corresponding monic orthogonal polynomials to give an exact characterization of the Hankel determinants in terms of Painlev\'{e} differential equations. This turns out to be a Painlev\'{e} V for the single-user MIMO scenario and a Painlev\'{e} VI for the multi user scenario. We then employ Coulomb fluid methods to derive new closed-form approximations for the Hankel determinants which, although formally valid for large matrix dimensions, are shown to give accurate results for both the MIMO mutual information distribution and the error exponent even when the matrix dimensions are small. Focusing on the single-user mutual information distribution, we then employ both the exact Painlev\'{e} representation and the Coulomb fluid approximation to yield deeper insights into the scaling behavior in terms of the number of antennas and signal-to-noise ratio. Among other things, these results allow us to study the asymptotic Gaussianity of the distribution as the number of antennas increase, and to explicitly compute the correction terms to the mean, variance, and higher order cumulants.
Subjective Cross-Modal Stimulation

33 male and 33 female undergraduate students were individually tested to determine the correlation between the perceived strength of an auditory and a tactile stimulus as measured by the subjective brightness of an adjustable light. While Ss discriminated between the relative strengths of the stimuli in each condition, there was no agreement as to the brightness of the light for each treatment. Also, there was no difference between responses by males and females.
Identifying unexpected words using in-context and out-of-context phoneme posteriors

The paper proposes and discusses a machine approach for identification of unexpected (zero or low probability) words. The approach is based on use of two parallel recognition channels, one channel employing sensory information from the speech signal together with a prior context information provided by the pronunciation dictionary and grammatical constraints, to estimate `in-context' posterior probabilities of phonemes, the other channel being independent of the context information and entirely driven by the sensory data to deliver estimates of `out-of-context' posterior probabilities of phonemes. A significant mismatch between the information from these two channels indicates unexpected word. The viability of this concept is demonstrated on identification of out-of-vocabulary digits in continuous digit streams. The comparison of these two channels provides a confidence measure on the output of the recognizer. Unlike conventional confidence measures, this measure is not relying on phone and word segmentation (boundary detection), thus it is not affected by possibly imperfect segment boundary detection. In addition, being a relative measure, it is more discriminative than the conventional posterior based measures.
Implementing yoga within the school curriculum: a scientific rationale for improving social-emotional learning and positive student outcomes

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review and synthesise research evidence and propose a theoretical model suggesting that school-based yoga programs may be an effective way to promote social-emotional learning (SEL) and positive student outcomes. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is a literature review focusing on: the current state of research on school-based yoga interventions; a preliminary theoretical model outlining the potential mechanisms and effects of school-based yoga; similarities, differences and possibilities for integrating school-based SEL, yoga and meditation; practical implications for researching and implementing yoga in schools. Findings – Research suggests that providing yoga within the school curriculum may be an effective way to help students develop self-regulation, mind-body awareness and physical fitness, which may, in turn, foster additional SEL competencies and positive student outcomes such as improved behaviours, mental state, health and performance. Research li.
Effect of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag on Mechanical Behavior of PVA-ECC

As the most popular construction material, concrete has many advantages compared to other materials. However, its brittle nature causes cracking and results in many deterioration problems and failures in infrastructures. Considering the issue of sustainability, researchers around the world have conducted numerous studies to develop concrete that has better performances, higher durability, longer life span, and less damaging effects to nature. To obtain such characteristics, researchers not only focus on strength enhancement, but also ductility and toughness. This paper examines the effect of using ground granulated blast furnace slag as partial cement replacement in producing engineered cementitious composite (ECC), a ductile cementitious composite reinforced with short random fibers. Slag replacement is not only to increase the strength but also to create better fiber bridging property that results in better ductility of the material. Amount of slag replacement and slag fineness are the variables involved in the mixture proportions. The mechanical behaviors of ECC under uniaxial tensile tests and flexural tests as parameters to measure its ductility are reported.
Input voltage influence on voltage regulator modules based on multiphase buck and multiphase half bridge topologies

Increasing the input voltage of voltage regulator modules provides very attractive advantages to the system, reducing the distribution losses and improving the system stability. This paper analyzes how the increment of the input voltage affects the VRM itself. Several multiphase buck and multiphase half bridge solutions are designed, tested and compared to determine the influence of the input voltage on the efficiency, cost and size of the VRMs. Despite the results that might be expected, the multiphase half bridge (without isolation) solutions with 24 V input voltage are very competitive in terms of cost, size and efficiency compared with 12 V multiphase buck converters.
An Evaluation of the Sealing Ability of MTA and Resilon: A Bacterial Leakage Study

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of gray-colored mineral trioxide aggregate (GMTA), white-colored MTA (WMTA), and Resilon as root filling materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-six human maxillary central incisors were used in the present study. In the group A, 20 teeth were filled with GMTA. In the group B, 20 teeth were filled with WMTA and in the group C, 20 teeth were filled with Resilon/Epiphany. Three teeth were used as positive (obturated using the single gutta-percha cone technique without sealer) and three were used as negative (obturated with gutta-percha and AH-26 sealer, coated with two layers of nail varnish) controls. A bacterial leakage model utilizing Enterococcus faecalis was used for evaluation. Leakage was noted when turbidity was observed. RESULTS: Controls behaved as expected. In the group A (GMTA) three samples, in the group B (WMTA) four samples, and in the group C (Resilon/Epiphany), two samples were leaked. There was no statistically significant difference between GMTA and WMTA or GMTA and Resilon. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, sealing ability of GMTA and WMTA was similar to Resilon as orthograde root filling materials.
Examining the Positive and Negative Developmental Outcomes among Turkish Adolescents with High and Low Trust Beliefs

The role of interpersonal trust belief on children’s prosocial behaviours (Rotenberg et al., 2005), social acceptance (Rotenberg, Boulton, and Fox, 2005), social responsibility (Wentzel, 1991), academic achievement (Imber, 1973), psychosocial adjustment and peer acceptance (Rotenberg et al., 2004) were investigated in some previous studies. Although we recognize the importance of interpersonal trust on children’s social development, its exact role in the formation of relationships is still unclear. A few studies concentrated on variables related to interpersonal trust beliefs in early adolescence and adolescence (Ozdikmenli-Demir, Kindap, & Sayil, 2007; Ozdikmenli-Demir, Sayil, and Kumru, 2006; Rotenberg, et al., 2004; Wentzel, 1991). But, we need to know more about the role of trust belief on developmental outcomes. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the developmental outcome differences between adolescents having very high and very low trust beliefs to significant socialization agents (mother, father, peer, teacher). And to see the gender variation. We expected that the participants having high trust belief might be more advantageous in many aspects of social development. Methods Participants and Procedure This study is a part of a comprehensive research project on adolescents’ development. Participants were 780 middle SES adolescents (352 boys, and 428 girls) from 7th to 10th grades (M = 14.8 years-old, SD = 17.6, Range = 12-18). The participants filled out the following scales in a classroom session.
Reduced Pms2 Expression in Non-Neoplastic Flat Mucosa From Patients With Colon Cancer Correlates With Reduced Apoptosis Competence

Pms2 protein is a component of the DNA mismatch repair complex responsible both for post-replication correction of DNA nucleotide mispairs and for early steps in apoptosis. Germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes give rise to hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer, which accounts for about 4% of colon cancers. However, little is known about the expression of mismatch repair proteins in relation to sporadic colon cancer, which accounts for the great majority of colon cancers. Multiple samples were taken from the non-neoplastic flat mucosa of colon resections from patients with no colonic neoplasia, a tubulovillous adenoma, or an adenocarcinoma. Expression of Pms2 was assessed using semiquantitative immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis was assessed in polychrome-stained epoxy sections using morphologic criteria. Samples from patients without colonic neoplasia had moderate to strong staining for Pms2 in cell nuclei at the base of crypts, while samples from 2 of the 3 colons with a tubulovillous adenoma, and from 6 of the 10 colons with adenocarcinomas, showed reduced Pms2 expression. Samples from patients with an adenocarcinoma that had reduced Pms2 expression also exhibited reduced apoptosis capability in nearby tissue samples, evidenced when this paired tissue was stressed ex vivo with bile acid. Reduced Pms2 expression in the colonic mucosa may be an early step in progression to colon cancer. This reduction may cause decreased mismatch repair, increased genetic instability, and/or reduced apoptotic capability. Immunohistochemical determination of reduced Pms2 expression, upon further testing, may prove to be a promising early biomarker of risk of progression to malignancy.
A Potential Endogenous Ligand of Annexin IV in the Exocrine Pancreas

We demonstrated previously that annexins IV, V, and VI, proteins of the calcium/phospholipid-binding annexin family, have glycosaminoglycan binding properties (Ishitsuka, R., Kojima, K., Utsumi, H., Ogawa, H., and Matsumoto, I. (1998)J. Biol. Chem. 273, 9935–9941). In this study, we investigated the endogenous ligands of annexin IV in the exocrine pancreas. Immunohistochemical study of bovine pancreas showed that annexin IV localized in the apical cytoplasmic region of pancreatic acinar cells where zymogen granules are concentrated. Because it is the major component of the zymogen granule membrane, the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein GP-2 was suggested to play a role in apical sorting and secretion of zymogens. We isolated GP-2 from porcine pancreas extract and determined the structure of its N-linked oligosaccharides by two-dimensional mapping. The major carbohydrate structures of porcine GP-2 were trisialo-triantennary and tetrasialo-tetra-antennary complex-type oligosaccharides. Dot-blot assay showed that annexin IV interacts with GP-2 in the presence of calcium and that it recognizes the terminal sialic acid residues linked through α2–3 linkages to the carbohydrate of GP-2. Lectin blot assay showed that Maackia amurensis mitogen, a plant lectin specific for the trisaccharide sequence Siaα2–3Galβ1–4GlcNAc of N-linked oligosaccharides, has strong affinity for GP-2. Thus, M. amurensis mitogen was used as a specific probe for GP-2 in the histochemical staining of the bovine pancreas. GP-2 was found to localize exclusively in the same apical cytoplasmic region of pancreatic acinar cells as annexin IV does. These results suggest that GP-2 is an endogenous ligand of annexin IV in the exocrine pancreas.
COMPETENCY TO STAND TRIAL

The notion that defendants must be capable of assisting in their defense and participating in the legal process can be traced to at least the 14 century, when Common Law courts refused to proceed against defendants considered to be incompetent as a result of mental disorder or mental defect (Poythress, Bonnie, Monahan, Otto, & Hoge, 2002). Using an approach to forensic assessment introduced and refined by Grisso (1986; 2003), this chapter first reviews the legal framework for the competence question, next offers a template for assessing defendants whose competence to proceed with the criminal process has been raised as an issue, and finishes with a discussion of special topics and issues relevant to the competence question.
Phylogenetic Position of Sorogena stoianovitchae and Relationships within the Class Colpodea (Ciliophora) Based on SSU rDNA Sequences

Abstract The ciliate Sorogena stoianovitchae, which can form a multicellular fruiting body, has been classified based upon its ultrastructure and morphology: the oral and somatic infraciliature of S. stoianovitchae most closely resemble those of members of the order Cyrtolophosidida in the class Colpodea. We characterized the small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) gene sequence from S. stoianovitchae and compared this sequence with those from representatives of all ciliate classes. These analyses placed S. stoianovitchae as either sister to members of the class Nassophorea or Colpodea. In an in-group analysis, including all SSU rDNA sequences from members of the classes Nassophorea and Colpodea and representatives of appropriate outgroups, S. stoianovitchae was always sister to Platyophrya vorax (class Colpodea, order Cyrtolophosidida). However, our analyses failed to support the monophyly of the class Colpodea. Instead, our data suggest that there are essentially three unresolved clades: (1) the class Nassophorea; (2) Bresslaua vorax, Colpoda inflata, Pseudoplatyophrya nana, and Bursaria truncatella (class Colpodea); and (3) P. vorax and S. stoianovitchae (class Colpodea).
Fish Transporters and Miracle Homes: How Compositional Distributional Semantics can Help NP Parsing

In this work, we argue that measures that have been shown to quantify the degree of semantic plausibility of phrases, as obtained from their compositionally-derived distributional semantic representations, can resolve syntactic ambiguities. We exploit this idea to choose the correct parsing of NPs (e.g., (live fish) transporter rather than live (fish transporter)). We show that our plausibility cues outperform a strong baseline and significantly improve performance when used in combination with state-of-the-art features.
Adrenomedullin Function in Vascular Endothelial Cells: Insights from Genetic Mouse Models

Adrenomedullin is a highly conserved peptide implicated in a variety of physiological processes ranging from pregnancy and embryonic development to tumor progression. This review highlights past and present studies that have contributed to our current appreciation of the important roles adrenomedullin plays in both normal and disease conditions. We provide a particular emphasis on the functions of adrenomedullin in vascular endothelial cells and how experimental approaches in genetic mouse models have helped to drive the field forward.
Induction of Protective IgA by Intestinal Dendritic Cells Carrying Commensal Bacteria

The enormous number of commensal bacteria in the lower intestine of vertebrates share abundant molecular patterns used for innate immune recognition of pathogenic bacteria. We show that, even though commensals are rapidly killed by macrophages, intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) can retain small numbers of live commensals for several days. This allows DCs to selectively induce IgA, which helps protect against mucosal penetration by commensals. The commensal-loaded DCs are restricted to the mucosal immune compartment by the mesenteric lymph nodes, which ensures that immune responses to commensal bacteria are induced locally, without potentially damaging systemic immune responses.