Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in the structure of synaptic intercellular contacts in focal brain lesions

Purpose: to evaluate changes in the structure of synaptic contacts in various types of focal brain pathology. Materials and methods. The results of treatment of 40 cases of supratentorial focal lesions of the brain (FLB) were retrospectively evaluated. The cases are divided into groups: 30 gliomas of various degrees of malignancy and 5 consequences of TBI, 5 epilepsy. All patients underwent surgical interventions. The synaptic plasticity of axo-dendritic and axo-spiny asymmetric synapses of neurons of the VI-VII layers of the frontotemporal cortex was studied by electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis was carried out on a computer image analyzer САИ-01АВН using the software "Kappa opto-electronics GmbH" using the STATISTICA 7 program package. The results. It was established that the density of synapses decreased in glioblastomas (GB) and craniocerebral injury (ССІ). Qualitative changes demonstrate the plasticity of architectonics of synapse, in particular due to the increase in the number of perforated synaptic contacts. Maximum thickening and diffuse stratification of the postsynaptic seal indicates a violation of the functional capacity of the postsynaptic component of the contacts. A decrease in the number of synaptic vesicles was revealed in ССІ and GB, with their rearrangement, which is probably a manifestation of synaptic dysfunction. The latter proves the irreversibility of destructive local changes and is unfavorable criterion. The risk of the formation of destructive-degenerative changes in the synaptic apparatus is 7.64 times higher in DA, 3.17 times higher in GB, and 17.31 times higher in ССІ compared to cases of epilepsy, with GB significantly increases by 13.5 times compared to DA. Therefore, the assessment of the structural features of neuroplasticity should take into account the morphogenesis of the BM in comparison with clinical data Conclusions. In the zones of invasive growth of gliomas of various degrees of malignancy and in ССІ and epilepsy, the indicators of synaptic plasticity differ statistically significantly. The density of placement of synapses is lower in GB and ССІ. The probability of non-reversibility of destructive-degenerative changes of synapses according to the number of SVs in FLB correlates with the degree of glioma differentiation with a sensitivity of 81.0% and a specificity of 76.0%. According to the structural changes of synaptic connections in tumors, probable differences between the variants have been proven: GB and DA, the sensitivity of the discriminant model is 85.0%, the specificity is 74.0%, which is an indirect evidence of the growth rate of the tumor mass and its destructive effect on the surrounding brain matter. The obtained results are important in assessing the prognosis of the further course of the disease.
Quantum circuit dynamics via path integrals: Is there a classical action for discrete-time paths?

It is straightforward to compute the transition amplitudes of a quantum circuit using the sum-over-paths methodology when the gates in the circuit are balanced, where a balanced gate is one for which all non-zero transition amplitudes are of equal magnitude. Here we consider the question of whether, for such circuits, the relative phases of different discrete-time paths through the configuration space can be defined in terms of a classical action, as they are for continuous-time paths. We show how to do so for certain kinds of quantum circuits, namely, Clifford circuits where the elementary systems are continuous-variable systems or discrete systems of odd-prime dimension. These types of circuit are distinguished by having phase-space representations that serve to define their classical counterparts. For discrete systems, the phase-space coordinates are also discrete variables. We show that for each gate in the generating set, one can associate a symplectomorphism on the phase-space and to each of these one can associate a generating function, defined on two copies of the configuration space. For discrete systems, the latter association is achieved using tools from algebraic geometry. Finally, we show that if the action functional for a discrete-time path through a sequence of gates is defined using the sum of the corresponding generating functions, then it yields the correct relative phases for the path-sum expression. These results are likely to be relevant for quantizing physical theories where time is fundamentally discrete, characterizing the classical limit of discrete-time quantum dynamics, and proving complexity results for quantum circuits.
Comprehensive Analysis and Solution of Voltage Build-Up Failure in Aircraft PM-Assisted Reluctance Starter/Generator System

Permanent-magnet-assisted reluctance (PMAREL) machine possesses the potential as the aircraft starter/generator (S/G) for its high power density, high efficiency, and tolerance to short-circuit faults. For aircraft S/G systems, the voltage build-up is a prerequisite for power generation. However, the voltage build-up of the PMAREL S/G system may fail if the initial dc-link voltage is low and the control is fast-response. In this article, the mechanism of the voltage build-up failure is clarified. The conduction feature of power devices in the power electronic converter when the dc-link voltage is clamped at 0 V are explored. Conditions for clamping the dc-link voltage at 0 V all the time is determined. An integrated control method is proposed to cope with the voltage build-up failure as well as improve the dynamic performance of the S/G system. Based on a prototype of PMAREL S/G system, the correctness of the analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed method are verified through experiments.
Analysis and Design of a Ku-Band Bidirectional Time-Varying Vector-Sum Phase Shifter in 0.13-μm CMOS Technology

This brief describes a Ku-band passive time-varying phase shifter (TVPS). The time variable is introduced into the conventional vector-sum phase shifter (VSPS) architecture, and the time-varying vector-sum method is proposed for the first time to realize continuous phase shifting. The proof-of-concept passive TVPS consisting of a quadrature coupler, two 0/180° bi-phase modulators and an output combiner is implemented in 0.13-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {\mathrm {\mu }}\text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS technology with a core area of 2.2 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {\times }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 0.8 mm2, and a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is used to provide gain-control timing sequences with the modulation frequency of 100 kHz for its four control bits. The timing sequences are optimized to eliminate unwanted sidebands, and the measured sideband suppression ratio (SSR) is −17.2 dBc. For both forward and backward phase shifting modes, measured results show that the proposed TVPS can achieve the phase resolution of 10-bits, RMS phase error of 0.2~0.5°, RMS gain error of less than 0.2 dB over the 12~18 GHz frequency band.
Security Performance Analysis of a NOMA-Assisted Underwater VLC System Under Imprecise Channel Estimations

The accurate estimation of underwater Visible Light Communication (VLC) channel conditions is challenging due to its widespread attenuation and scattering effects. The channel attenuation is a linear function of frequency and causes exponential signal power loss whereas due to the scattering effect, numerous photons are statistically generated as light beams strike water molecules and there arise security concerns. Assuming realistic underwater conditions, this paper investigates the security performance of a typical Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)-assisted underwater VLC system. It consists of a Floating Vehicle Transmitter (FVT), equipped with multiple Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) to transmit the signal to two legitimate near-end and far-end Underwater Vehicles (UVs) in presence of an active/passive eavesdropper. The Channel State Information (CSI) of each transmitting link is estimated with the use of a Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) technique. Furthermore, we propose a LED selection mechanism to select an LED that can achieve the highest secrecy rate defined under the constraints of known and unknown CSI of legitimate and/or eavesdropping links. Using the Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) technique, a novel closed-form secrecy outage probability expressions for the conventional single-LED and multi-LED NOMA-VLC links for both known and unknown CSI scenarios is derived. The security performance of the proposed multi-LED NOMA-VLC system is compared with the conventional single-LED NOMA-VLC system under the effect of air bubbles for both fresh and salty water. Finally, we verify the validity of the numerical results through Monte-carlo simulation analysis.
Concordances from differences of torus knots to $L$-space knots

It is known that connected sums of positive torus knots are not concordant to $L$-space knots. Here we consider differences of torus knots. The main result states that the subgroup of the concordance group generated by two positive torus knots contains no nontrivial $L$-space knots other than the torus knots themselves. Generalizations to subgroups generated by more than two torus knots are also considered.
Uncertainty Quantification in Classifying Complex Geological Facies Using Bayesian Deep Learning

Understanding geological differences in a proved reservoir requires precise facies classification. Predicting facies from seismic data is frequently seen as an inverse uncertainty quantification problem in seismic reservoir characterization. Typically, the uncertainty in the model parameters that regulate the geographic distributions is being ignored. The target facies and its uncertainty can be determined by calculating the posterior distribution of the model parameters conditioned on the seismic data under a Bayesian inference framework. It is believed that such facies classification model has a unique set of model parameters that best fits it. The proposed work is unique in that it quantifies the epistemic uncertainty of the predicted facies in blind well conditioned on Seismic Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO-Seismic) attributes in the Bayesian inference framework. Under this framework, parameter uncertainties of the neural net. weights and biases are calculated using their posterior distributions from the ensamble models generated by Marcov-Chains Monte-Carlo (MCMC) by assuming that the prior values of the weights and biases are uninformative. The proposed approach is also demonstrated on Synthetic Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO-Synthetic) dataset (derived from the well log information) and we have found high relevance in the predicted results. For comparision, a plain Deep Learning and Deep learning with Monte Carlo Dropout are employed and the results indicate that our model performs more efficiently comparing to the others indicating the possibility of the model to be used in real world solution to adequate facies classication.
Effective equidistribution of circles in the limit sets of Kleinian groups

Consider a general circle packing $\mathcal{P}$ in the complex plane $\mathbb{C}$ invariant under a Kleinian group $\Gamma$. When $\Gamma$ is convex-cocompact or its critical exponent is greater than 1, we obtain an effective equidistribution for small circles in $\mathcal{P}$ intersecting any bounded connected regular set in $\mathbb{C}$; this provides an effective version of an earlier work of Oh-Shah. In view of the recent result of McMullen-Mohammadi-Oh, our effective circle counting theorem applies to the circles contained in the limit set of a convex-cocompact but non-cocompact Kleinian group whose limit set contains at least one circle. Moreover consider the circle packing $\mathcal{P}(\mathcal{T})$ of the ideal triangle attained by filling in largest inner circles. We give an effective estimate to the number of disks whose hyperbolic areas are greater than $t$, as $t\to 0$, effectivising the work of Oh.
Automatic Synthesis of Containerized Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems: A Case Study

Industrial cyber-physical systems (ICPSs) are widely regarded as the next generation industrial control systems and as one of the core technologies of the ongoing fourth industrial revolution. Despite its advantages, ICPSs are heavily dependent on the underlying physical process and their synthesis is a customized effort, demanding in terms of resources, which if not conducted carefully may impact the performance of the system. This work proposes a methodology to tackle ICPS synthesis in a systematic way, by using a set of industrial agents that take as input and standardized process description file and automatically deploy a modular ICPS from predesigned functional containers. Concrete examples on a tanks system and an industrial paste thickener are presented to illustrate the potential of the proposed methodology.
Effects of Compton Scattering on the Gamma-Ray Spectra of Solar Flares

AbstractUsing fully relativistic GEANT4 simulation tool kit, the transport of ener-getic electrons generated in solar ﬂares was Monte-Carlo simulated, and resultantbremsstrahlung gamma-ray spectra were calculated. The solar atmosphere was ap-proximated by 10 vertically-stacked zones. The simulation took into account twoimportant physical processes,that the bremsstrahlung photons emitted by precipitat-ing relativistic electrons are strongly forward beamed toward the photosphere, andthat the majority of these gamma-rays must be Compton back-scattered by the solaratmosphere in order to reach the observer. Then, the Compton degradation was foundto make the observable gamma-ray spectra much softer than is predicted by simpleanalytic calculations. The gamma-ray signals were found to be enhanced by severalconditions, including a broad pitch-angle distribution of the electrons, a near-limbﬂare longitude, and a signiﬁcant tilt in the magnetic ﬁeld lines if the ﬂare longitude israther small. These results successfully explain several important ﬂare properties ob-served in the hard X-ray to gamma-ray range, including in particular those obtainedwith Yohkoh. A comparison of the Yohkoh spectrum from a GOES X3.7 class limbﬂare on 1998 November 22, with a simulation assuming a broad electron pitch-angledistribution, suggests that gamma-rays from this particular solar ﬂare were a mixtureof direct bremsstrahlung photons and their Comptonization.Key words: solar ﬂare: gamma-ray: Compton scattering1
STABILITY OF C∞ CONVEX INTEGRANDS

In this paper, it is shown that the set consisting of stable convex integrands $S^n\to \mathbb{R}_+$ is open and dense in the set consisting of $C^\infty$ convex integrands with respect to Whitney $C^\infty$ topology. Moreover, an application of the proof of this result is also shown.
Current Tracking Control of Triple Active Bridge DC/DC Converter Under Varying DC-Bus Voltage Conditions

A triple active bridge (TAB) converter consisting of three full-bridge inverters and a three-winding transformer has been researched to improve its power conversion performance as a bi-directional isolated multiport converter. Previous research established a current control method using a decoupling system to solve the complex power transmission structure of the TAB converter. However, it is challenging to integrate voltage factors into the decoupling system because DC-bus voltages of the TAB converter are assumed to be constant. Active bridge control against voltage variations has become essential to achieving high-performance DC/DC power conversion systems using high-frequency transformers such as a TAB converter. This paper proposes a TAB converter control method, which is an expansion of the conventional method, to integrate the DC-bus voltage variation into the control model. Model predictive control is used to achieve tracking control by incorporating voltage variation factors into the control method using an established model structure as a basis for predictive calculations. Simulations were conducted to verify that the proposed method improves the output responses compared to the conventional methods when the DC-bus voltages change. Also, experiments using a prototype converter show that the proposed control method can achieve current tracking control during the voltage variation.
Reflection-Type Phase Shifter Integrated With Tunable Power Attenuation Mechanism for Sub-6 GHz Wireless Applications

An integrated configuration of the reflection-type phase shifter (RTPS) and attenuator with simultaneous phase and amplitude control is presented for a phased-array front-end beamforming. The phase shift function of the RTPS adopts a quadrature coupler with high/low pass lumped elements and the corresponding <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pi $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-type C–L–C loads. An RF tuner is subsequently incorporated into the 90° coupler to provide an energy reduction path and applied at the intermediate inductor of the coupler, thereby enabling a tunable transmission power. The merged coupler/RF-tuner realizes a matched and symmetrical structure with less impact on the load impedance variation, which can be regarded as part of the RTPS that performs RF signal degradation and maintains phase shift tuning. Furthermore, the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pi $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-type attenuator is incorporated into the RTPS to obtain an adequate power control range for the side-lobe suppression of the beamforming network. The simulated and measured results demonstrate the feasibility and suitability of the network for the proposed merged configuration applied to the phased-array system.
WP1234—A Novel Anticancer Agent with Bifunctional Activity in a Glioblastoma Model

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults with a poor prognosis. Despite significant progress in drug development, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) continues to limit the use of novel chemotherapeutics. Thus, our attention has been focused on the design, synthesis, and testing of small-molecule anticancer agents that are able to penetrate the BBB. One such compound is the D-glucose analog, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), which inhibits glycolysis and induces GBM cell death. 2-DG has already been tested in clinical trials but was not approved as a drug, in part due to inadequate pharmacokinetics. To improve the pharmacokinetic properties of 2-DG, a series of novel derivatives was synthesized. Herein, we report the biological effects of WP1234, a 2-ethylbutyric acid 3,6-diester of 2-DG that can potentially release 2-ethylbutyrate and 2-DG inside the cells when metabolized. Using biochemical assays and examining cell viability, proliferation, protein synthesis, and apoptosis induction, we assessed the cytotoxic potential of WP1234. WP1234 significantly reduced the viability of GBM cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The lactate and ATP synthesis assays confirmed the inhibition of glycolysis elicited by released 2-DG. Furthermore, an evaluation of histone deacetylases (HDAC) activity revealed that the 2-ethylbutyrate action resulted in HDAC inhibition. Overall, these results demonstrated that WP1234 is a bifunctional molecule with promising anticancer potential. Further experiments in animal models and toxicology studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this new 2-DG derivative.
A Two-level Finite Element Method for Viscoelastic Fluid Flow: Non-smooth Initial Data

In this article, we analyze a two-level finite element method for the equations of motion arising in the flow of 2D Oldroyd model with non-smooth initial data. It involves solving the non-linear problem on a coarse grid of mesh-size $H$ and solving a linearized problem on a fine grid of mesh-size $h, h<<H$. The method gives optimal convergence rate for velocity in $H^1$-norm and for pressure in $L^2$-norm. The analysis takes in to account the loss of regularity of the solution of the Oldroyd model at initial time.
On the generalized Hardy-Rellich inequalities

Abstract In this paper, we look for the weight functions (say g) that admit the following generalized Hardy-Rellich type inequality: $$\int_\Omega g (x)u^2 dx \les C\int_\Omega \vert \Delta u \vert ^2 dx,\quad \forall u\in {\rm {\cal D}}_0^{2,2} (\Omega ),$$for some constant C > 0, where Ω is an open set in ℝN with N ⩾ 1. We find various classes of such weight functions, depending on the dimension N and the geometry of Ω. Firstly, we use the Muckenhoupt condition for the one-dimensional weighted Hardy inequalities and a symmetrization inequality to obtain admissible weights in certain Lorentz-Zygmund spaces. Secondly, using the fundamental theorem of integration we obtain the weight functions in certain weighted Lebesgue spaces. As a consequence of our results, we obtain simple proofs for the embeddings of ${\cal D}_0^{2,2} $ into certain Lorentz-Zygmund spaces proved by Hansson and later by Brezis and Wainger.
Deep Neural Networks for Location Reference Identification From Bilingual Disaster-Related Tweets

Twitter is increasingly being used during disasters to communicate with authorities, ascertain the ground reality, and coordinate real-time rescue and recovery activities. Geographical location information about users and events is critical in these scenarios. Geotagged tweets are extremely infrequent, and other location fields, such as user location and place name, are unreliable. The extraction of geographical information from tweet text is limited by the fact that individuals frequently publish multilingual tweets that contain numerous grammatical and spelling errors, as well as nonstandard acronyms. As a result, determining the geographical location of the tweet is a challenging problem. This article presents a technique based on deep neural networks for extracting geographical references mentioned in bilingual tweets. Several deep learning-based models, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs), long short-term memory (LSTM), bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM), and attention-based Bi-LSTM, are implemented on real-world English and Hindi language tweets to determine their suitability for extracting location references. The proposed CNN, along with a conditional random field at the last layer, is found to perform better than other models, with an $F_{1}$ -score of 0.858. The findings of this study can aid in early event detection, pinpointing the area of devastation and victims, real-time traffic management, and a number of other location-based applications. The suggested system’s code and trained model may be obtained at https://github.com/Abhinavkmr/Bi-lingual-location-reference-identification.git.