Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Guest Editor's Introduction: Piotr Zinchenko's Psychology of Memory: A Brief History of Ideas

Unlike many Soviet psychologists, Piotr Zinchenko [1930–1969] is well known in the West, and his studies—along with those of Z.M. Istomina and, to a somewhat lesser extent, of A.A. Smirnov—are considered classics, thus appearing to constitute the main contribution of Soviet psychology to international psychological research on memory to date. Indeed, the first of Zinchenko’s publications in English came out in 1969—and it also turned out to be one of his last publications: the same year Piotr Zinchenko passed away. Smirnov and Zinchenko’s (1969) broad overview of psychological studies on memory in the Soviet Union over several decades, which includes many of Zinchenko’s pioneering works, became the standard reference for anyone interested in the Soviet development of this field up to the end of the 1960s. Another source is a book chapter by T.V. Yendovitskaya (1964/1971), which is a noted secondhand account of Soviet studies on memory available in English. English translations of the actual studies done by Zinchenko did not appear until the beginning of the 1980s. To date, only three of Zinchenko’s papers have been published in English:
Loss of Financial Competency in Dementia: Conceptual and Empirical Approaches

Emily handled the family bank account for most of our married life with little help from me, and balanced the checkbook. Approximately 2 years back she could no longer handle the bank account Ð this happened very quickly Ð she failed to make deposits and enter the checks she had written. She now has no worry about ®nances. (Mr. C, husband of Mrs. C, a 69-year-old woman with mild Alzheimer's disease)
Smooth muscle myosin cross-bridge interactions modulate actin filament sliding velocity in vitro

Although it is generally believed that phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain of myosin is required before smooth muscle can develop force, it is not known if the overall degree of phosphorylation can also modulate the rate at which cross-bridges cycle. To address this question, an in vitro motility assay was used to observe the motion of single actin filaments interacting with smooth muscle myosin copolymers composed of varying ratios of phosphorylated and unphosphorylated myosin. The results suggest that unphosphorylated myosin acts as a load to slow down the rate at which actin is moved by the faster cycling phosphorylated cross-bridges. Myosin that was chemically modified to generate a noncycling analogue of the "weakly" bound conformation was similarly able to slow down phosphorylated myosin. The observed modulation of actin velocity as a function of copolymer composition can be accounted for by a model based on mechanical interactions between cross-bridges.
Influence of ingested fluid volume on physiological responses during prolonged exercise.

The effect of different rates of fluid ingestion on heart rate, rectal temperature, plasma electrolytes, hormones and performance was examined during prolonged strenuous exercise conducted at 21 degrees C. Seven well-trained males (24 +/- 1 yr; 68.6 +/- 2.9 kg; VO2 peak = 4.69 +/- 0.17 L min-1; mean +/- SEM) cycled for 2 h at 69 +/- 1% VO2 peak while receiving either no fluid replacement (NF), a volume of water estimated to prevent body weight loss (FR-100 = 2.32 +/- 0.10 L 2 h-1) or 50% of this volume (FR-60 = 1.16 +/- 0.05 L 2 h-1). The 2-h exercise bout was followed by a ride to exhaustion at a workload estimated to be 90% VO2 peak. After 2 h of exercise, NF was associated with a 3.2 +/- 0.1% weight loss, while FR-50 and FR-100 resulted in losses of 1.8 +/- 0.1 and 0.1 +/- 0.1%, respectively. Compared with FR-100, heart rate and rectal temperature were elevated (P < 0.05) during the second hour of exercise in NF, with FR-50 intermediate. Reductions in plasma volume during exercise were greater in NF and FR-50, compared with FR-100 and plasma sodium concentration was elevated in NF, decreased slightly in FR-100, with FR-50 intermediate. Plasma renin activity, aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide increased to similar extents in the three trials. Plasma vasopressin remained unchanged for FR-100, increased for NF, with intermediate values for FR-50. Exercise time to exhaustion at 90% VO2-peak was longer in FR-100 (328 +/- 93 s) than NF (171 +/- 75 s) with FR-50 (248 +/- 107 s) not significantly different from either FR-100 or NF. In conclusion, the responses of heart rate, rectal temperature, plasma sodium, and vasopressin during, and performance following, prolonged cycling exercise conducted at 21 degrees C are related to the amount of fluid ingested (i.e. the degree of dehydration).
Temporal and Regional Variation in the Strength of Educational Homogamy

Cet article commente l'etude publiee en 1998 sous le titre Educational homogamy in 65 countries : an explanation of differences in openness using country-level explanatory variables par J. Smits, W. Ultee et J. Lammers. Dans la presente etude, les AA. reexaminent certaines conclusions de l'etude precitee en ce qui concerne les variations temporelles et regionales de la force de l'homogamie educationnelle a travers une analyse menee sur quatre pays. Les principales questions soulevees sont de savoir si une tendance generale a une plus grande ouverture sociale est observee, si l'homogamie educationnelle demeure plus importante dans les pays de tradition confuceenne et si l'homogamie educationnelle decroit avec le niveau de developpement economique
Phenomenal characteristics associated with real and imagined events: the effects of event valence and absorption

This study examined the effects of emotional valence of an event and individual differences in absorption on the phenomenal characteristics associated with real and imagined events. Each participant described four events. Two of these were real and two were imagined, with one pleasant and stressful event being generated for each category. Pleasant events (both real and imagined) contained more detail (visual detail, smell, and taste, and more information regarding location, time, etc.) than stressful events. In addition, higher levels of absorption were related to higher ratings for both real and imagined events (for both pleasant and stressful events). Discussion focused on implications for further research in source monitoring and other relevant domains. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
The two-component system BvrR/BvrS essential for Brucella abortus virulence regulates the expression of outer membrane proteins with counterparts in members of the Rhizobiaceae

The Brucella BvrR/BvrS two-component regulatory system is homologous to the ChvI/ChvG systems of Sinorhizobium meliloti and Agrobacterium tumefaciens necessary for endosymbiosis and pathogenicity in plants. BvrR/BvrS controls cell invasion and intracellular survival. Probing the surface of bvrR and bvrS transposon mutants with monoclonal antibodies showed all described major outer membrane proteins (Omps) but Omp25, a protein known to be involved in Brucella virulence. Absence of Omp25 expression was confirmed by two-dimensional electrophoresis of envelope fractions and by gene reporter studies. The electrophoretic analysis also revealed reduction or absence in the mutants of a second set of protein spots that by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization MS and peptide mass mapping were identified as a non-previously described Omp (Omp3b). Because bvrR and bvrS mutants are also altered in cell-surface hydrophobicity, permeability, and sensitivity to surface-targeted bactericidal peptides, it is proposed that BvrR/BvrS controls cell envelope changes necessary to transit between extracellular and intracellular environments. A genomic search revealed that Omp25 (Omp3a) and Omp3b belong to a family of Omps of plant and animal cell-associated α-Proteobacteria, which includes Rhizobium leguminosarum RopB and A. tumefaciens AopB. Previous work has shown that RopB is not expressed in bacteroids, that AopB is involved in tumorigenesis, and that dysfunction of A. tumefaciens ChvI/ChvG alters surface properties. It is thus proposed that the BvrR/BvrS and Omp3 homologues of the cell-associated α-Proteobacteria play a role in bacterial surface control and host cell interactions.
Stress reducing regulative effects of integrated mental training with self‐hypnosis on the secretion of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA‐S) and cortisol in plasma: a pilot study

Early observations have shown that preventive educational efforts towards experience of stress entail advantages in terms of improved well-being, health and performance. We examined the influence in healthy subjects of self-hypnosis and mental training taught in group sessions, with individual training in between according to a standard protocol, and integrated in daily life and work for six months, on the alteration in plasma concentration of the stress hormone cortisol and the ‘anti ageing’ hormone dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S). DHEA-S and cortisol were analysed in twelve healthy men and women, with six individuals randomly divided equally between experimental and control groups. In the experimental group DHEA-S was significantly increased by 16% (P < 0.05), whereas plasma DHEA-S in controls followed an expected age-related decline. Cortisol was reduced by 12.3% (P < 0.05) in the experimental group, but remained unchanged in the control group. The ratio between plasma concentrations of DHEA-S and cortisol that reflects stress-related alteration in the adrenal secretion between androgens and glucocorticoids, increased significantly by 27.8% (P < 0.05) in the experimental group with a reduction of 8,2% in controls. The increase in plasma DHEA-S under experimental conditions was equivalent to a range normally found in individuals 5 to 10 years younger. Copyright © 2006 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gravitational quasinormal modes of AdS black branes in d spacetime dimensions

The AdS/CFT duality has established a mapping between quantities in the bulk AdS black-hole physics and observables in a boundary finite-temperature field theory. Such a relationship appears to be valid for an arbitrary number of spacetime dimensions, extrapolating the original formulations of Maldacena's correspondence. In the same sense properties like the hydrodynamic behavior of AdS black-hole fluctuations have been proved to be universal. We investigate in this work the complete quasinormal spectra of gravitational perturbations of d-dimensional plane-symmetric AdS black holes (black branes). Holographically the frequencies of the quasinormal modes correspond to the poles of two-point correlation functions of the field-theory stress-energy tensor. The important issue of the correct boundary condition to be imposed on the gauge-invariant perturbation fields at the AdS boundary is studied and elucidated in a fully d-dimensional context. We obtain the dispersion relations of the first few modes in the low-, intermediate- and high-wavenumber regimes. The sound-wave (shear-mode) behavior of scalar (vector)-type low-frequency quasinormal mode is analytically and numerically confirmed. These results are found employing both a power series method and a direct numerical integration scheme.
Vascular smooth muscle cells differ from other smooth muscle cells: predominance of vimentin filaments and a specific alpha-type actin.

Smooth muscle cells of the digestive, respiratory, and urogenital tracts contain desmin as their major, if not exclusive, intermediate-size filament constituent and also show a predominance of gamma-type smooth muscle actin. We have now examined smooth muscle tissue of different blood vessels (e.g., aorta, small arteries, arterioles, venules, and vena cava) from various mammals (man, cow, pig, rabbit, rat) by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of cell proteins and by immunofluorescence microscopy using antibodies to different intermediate-sized filament proteins. Intermediate-sized filaments of vascular smooth muscle cells contain abundant amounts of vimentin and little, if any, desmin. On gel electrophoresis, vascular smooth muscle vimentin appears as two isoelectric variants of apparent pI values of 5.30 and 5.29, shows the characteristic series of proteolytic fragments, and is one of the major cell proteins. Thus vimentin has been demonstrated in a smooth muscle cell present in the body. Vascular smooth muscle cells are also distinguished by the predominance of a smooth muscle-specific alpha-type actin, whereas gamma-type smooth muscle actin is present only as a minor component. It is proposed that the intermediate filament and actin composition of vascular smooth muscle cells reflects a differentiation pathway separate from that of other smooth muscle cells and may be related to special functions and pathological disorders of blood vessels.
Path loss model development for indoor signal loss prediction at 2.4 GHz 802.11n network

This study focuses on developing an indoor empirical path loss prediction model for 802.11n network at 2.4 GHz. As 802.11n features Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) which is not present in any previous wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, it is considered imperative to figure out a suitable prediction model for 802.11n network. Path loss exponent n values were calculated using regression fitting method based on data collected on site. Measurement comparisons between several established prediction models with the actual measurements are taken at an academic building to identify which model gives the best estimation result. The best model produced a mean error of 6.46 dB and would then be further optimized through formula modifications to increase signal prediction accuracy. Prediction results of the optimized model showed that the mean error is reduced to 3.27 dB. Validation of the optimized model has been conducted in a different office building and the prediction results still showed good accuracy, with a mean error of 3.38 dB. This new optimized model is named as Solah's Model and is recommended for predicting indoor signal loss in 802.11n WLAN, especially in assisting network deployment, migration and management.
The management of reference in Mandarin discourse

This paper examines the cognitive basis for the selection of the form of nominal reference in Mandarin in real-time discourse production. It is argued that a nominal NP is selected when the Speaker estimates that the targeted referent is not currently activated within the memorial representation of events in the hearer and that a pronominal NP is selected when the Speaker estimates that the referent is currently activated. Experimental evidence isprovided, wherein three groups of subjects produced spontaneous, on-line narratives given a set of simple pictures. Each group viewed the pictures under conditions which differed in how the subject's attention was allocated to the pictures, resulting in dijferent memorial activations of referent dynamically during the discourse production task. The resulting data show that the independent manipulation of activation of referents during discourse production leads to the alternative selection of nominal and pronominal NP's congruent with those states of activation. The results are considered within a general model of discourse production. Alternative distance or recency models of NP selection are shown not to account äs well for the observed data.
Efficient cryptographic hardware using the co-design methodology

Most cryptography systems are based on the modular exponentiation to perform the nonlinear scrambling operation of data. It is performed using successive modular multiplications, which are time consuming for large operands. Accelerating cryptography needs optimising the time consumed by a single modular multiplication and/or reducing the total number of modular multiplications performed. We exploit the codesign methodology to engineer a cryptographic device that accelerates the encryption/decryption throughput without requiring considerable hardware area.
Cellular Recognition of Trimyristoylated Peptide or Enterobacterial Lipopolysaccharide via Both TLR2 and TLR4*

Evidence for specific and direct bacterial product recognition through toll-like receptors (TLRs) has been emphasized recently. We analyzed lipopeptide analogues and enterobacterial lipopolysaccharide (eLPS) for their potential to activate cells through TLR2 and TLR4. Whereas bacterial protein palmitoylated at its N-terminal cysteine and N-terminal peptides derived thereof are known to induce TLR2-mediated cell activation, a synthetic acylhexapeptide mimicking a bacterial lipoprotein subpopulation for which N-terminal trimyristoylation is characteristic (Myr3CSK4) activated cells not only through TLR2 but also through TLR4. Conversely, highly purified eLPS triggered cell activation through overexpressed TLR2 in the absence of TLR4 expression if CD14 was coexpressed. Accordingly, TLR2–/– macrophages prepared upon gene targeting responded to Myr3CSK4 challenge, whereas TLR2–/–/TLR4d/d cells were unresponsive. Through interferon-γ (IFNγ) priming, macrophages lacking expression of functional TLR4 and/or MD-2 acquired sensitivity to eLPS, whereas TLR2/TLR4 double deficient cells did not. Not only TLR2–/– mice but also TLR4–/– mice were resistant to Myr3CSK4 challenge-induced fatal shock. d-Galactosamine-sensitized mice expressing defective TLR4 or lacking TLR4 expression acquired susceptibility to eLPS-driven toxemia upon IFNγ priming, whereas double deficient mice did not. Immunization toward ovalbumin using Myr3CSK4 as adjuvant was ineffective in TLR2–/–/TLR4–/– mice yet effective in wild-type, TLR2–/–, or TLR4–/– mice as shown by analysis of ovalbumin-specific serum Ig concentration. A compound such as Myr3CSK4 whose stimulatory activity is mediated by both TLR2 and TLR4 might constitute a preferable adjuvant. On the other hand, simultaneous blockage of both of the two TLRs might effectively inhibit infection-induced pathology.
Eye tracking as a tool in package and shelf testing

WhitePaper Foreword This guide is written to serve as inspiration and as an introduction for those who want to know more about eye tracking and how this tool can be used in package and shelf testing. This guide will not explain a methodology but I hope it will inspire you to develop your own methodologies as well as your own tests and experiments. I would also like to thank the people who have helped us with this guide, especially Poja Shams, who wrote the first draft of this guide. I would also like to thank Michel Wedel for providing feedback on this document. Visualizing eye movement data in shelf tests by using Tobii Studio 12 Where did the eyes stop first? 12 What is the average viewing pattern on the shelf? 12 How many of the products on the shelf were noticed? 13 Do shoppers see the product on the shelf? 13 How many looked at the product first? 14 Is the product able to pull attention quickly? 14 How quickly did the product manage to pull attention? 14 How much attention did the product get compared to competing products? 15 How long was the product considered? 15 How many times did the shoppers look at the product? 16 How long does it take for the shoppers to find the product on the shelf? 16 How long does it take to find and select a product on the shelf? 16 How great is the product's ability to retain attention for a period of time? 17 Does the placement of the product on the shelf have an impact on the order in which the consumers look at the products? 17 How large is the attraction power for different elements in the design? 18 Bibliography 19 3 Eye tracking as a tool in package and shelf testing Tobii Technology 4 Eye tracking as a tool in package and shelf testing Tobii Technology
Underlap engineered eight-transistor SRAM cell for stronger data stability enhanced write ability and suppressed leakage power consumption

The degraded data stability, write ability, and increased leakage power consumption of static random-access memory (SRAM) cells have become primary design concerns with CMOS technology scaling into the sub-22nm channel lengths. A new gate-underlap-engineered eight-transistor SRAM cell is proposed in this paper for stronger data stability, enhanced write ability, and suppressed leakage power consumption in FinFET memory circuits. Gate-underlap lengths of the pull-up and pull-down transistors in cross-coupled inverters of the proposed SRAM cell are elongated and tuned for providing superior electrical characteristics in FinFET memory circuits. With the proposed gate-underlap engineered eight-FinFET SRAM cell, the read static noise margin is enhanced by up to 71.1%, the write voltage margin is increased by up to 29.7%, and the leakage power consumption is reduced by up to 91.8% while maintaining similar layout area as compared to the conventional eight-FinFET SRAM cells in a 15nm FinFET technology.
Genetics and schizophrenia.

The past few years have witnessed a resurgent interest in the role of genetic factors in mental illnesses and in schizophrenia in particular: until the past few years both interest and research into the possible genetic contributions to mental illness had fallen into the doldrums. Exploration of the role of genetic factors in mental illness began to be formally conducted at the beginning of this century. In the case of schizophrenia, such research had documented an increased prevalence of schizophrenia among the close relatives of schizophrenic individuals which reached its maximum in the case of monozygotic twins. Until the '50s and '60s, such findings had been interpreted to substantiate the role of genetic factors in the cause of schizophrenia. During these last two decades, a shift in orientation took place. American psychiatrists had directed their attention to the increased prevalence of psychopathology found among the parents and families of schizophrenic
Inhibited and uninhibited children: A follow-up study.

REZNICK, J. STEVEN; KAGAN, JEROME; SNIDMAN, NANCY; GERSTEN, MICHELLE; BAAK, KATHERINE; and ROSENBERG, ALLISON. Inhibited and Uninhibited Children: A Follow-up Study. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1986, 57, 660-680. A group of 46 children classified at 21 months as either behaviorally inhibited or uninhibited, and 18 children who were classified as falling at neither extreme, were observed at 5 /2years of age in contexts designed to evaluate behavior in social situations and heart rate, heart rate variability, and pupillary dilation to cognitive tasks. Additionally, 43 of the 46 inhibited or uninhibited children had been evaluated in similar contexts when they were 4 years of age. At age 51/, the formerly inhibited children, compared with the uninhibited ones, were more inhibited with peers in both laboratory and school, as well as with an adult examiner in a testing situation, and more cautious in a situation of mild risk. As at the earlier ages, more inhibited children had a relatively high and stable heart rate. The inhibited children also had tonically larger pupillary dilations to cognitive stress, were either impulsive or reflective on a test with response uncertainty, and their mothers described them as shy with unfamiliar peers. It was suggested that one or more of the stress circuits that link the hypothalamus to the pituitary, reticular activating system, and sympathetic chain are at a higher level of excitability among inhibited than among uninhibited children.