Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Principles and Applications of Ultra-intensity and Ultrashort Laser

With the development of laser technology, how to improve the output performance and peak power of lasers has become one of the hot directions of current research. This study analyzes the principles and applications of ultra-intensity and ultrashort pulse laser. It firstly outlines the development history of laser technology and the basic definition of ultra-intensity and ultrashort pulse laser. It also mentions the realization methods for generating ultra-intensity and ultrashort pulse lasers, such as mode-locked femtosecond oscillators and CPA-based femtosecond amplifiers. The paper describes the principles of CPA technique and emphasizes its importance in realizing high power ultrashort pulses. The paper discusses various applications of ultra-intensity and ultrashort pulsed laser and summarizes and discusses the major bottlenecks facing current and future ultra-intensity and ultrashort pulsed lasers and their possible solutions. The technical review in this paper aims to enhance the understanding of ultra-intensity and ultrashort pulsed laser and provide insights into the next phase of research exploration in ultra-intensity and ultrashort pulsed lasers.
Modeling Surface Roughness to Estimate Surface Moisture Using Radarsat-2 Quad Polarimetric SAR Data

Microwave backscattering from the earth's surface depends on several parameters such as surface roughness and dielectric constant of surface materials. The two parameters related to water content and porosity are crucial for estimating soil moisture. The soil moisture is an important parameter for ecological study and also a factor to maintain energy balance of land surface and atmosphere. Direct roughness measurements to a large area require extra time and cost. Heterogeneity roughness scale for some applications such as hydrology, climate, and ecology is a problem which could lead to inaccuracies of modeling. In this study, we modeled surface roughness using Radasat-2 quad Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) data. The statistical approaches to field roughness measurements were used to generate an appropriate roughness model. This modeling uses a physical SAR approach to predicts radar backscattering coefficient in the parameter of radar configuration (wavelength, polarization, and incidence angle) and soil parameters (surface roughness and dielectric constant). Surface roughness value is calculated using a modified Campbell and Shepard model in 1996. The modification was applied by incorporating the backscattering coefficient (σ°) of quad polarization HH, HV and VV. To obtain empirical surface roughness model from SAR backscattering intensity, we used forty-five sample points from field roughness measurements. We selected paddy field in Indramayu district, West Java, Indonesia as the study area. This area was selected due to intensive decreasing of rice productivity in the Northern Coast region of West Java. Third degree polynomial is the most suitable data fitting with coefficient of determination R2 and RMSE are about 0.82 and 1.18 cm, respectively. Therefore, this model is used as basis to generate the map of surface roughness.
Protist literacy: A novel concept of protist learning in higher education

Protist education in universities primarily focuses on acquiring knowledge about species classification within the protist. Protist literacy emerged as a theoretical framework exploring the interplay between humans and protists within daily existence. This systematic literature review (SLR) provides a comprehensive understanding of protist literacy and identifies several dimensions. This SLR utilized PRISMA diagram to execute the inclusion and exclusion methods. According to SLR results, the concept of protist literacy refers to the ability of university students to analyze, comprehend, and implement the knowledge of protists to solve everyday problems. Protist literacy consists of seven dimensions: conceptual knowledge, relation information, fact evaluation, real solution, argument identification, self-confidence, and scientific value. The results of the current study imply that protist literacy is a potential variable to be further explored in protist learning.
Effect of dynamic taping on neck pain, disability, and quality of life in patients with chronic non-specific neck pain: a randomized sham-control trial

Background In 2020, 203 million people experienced neck pain, with a higher prevalence in women. By 2050, it is predicted that neck pain will affect 269 million people, representing a 32.5% increase. Physical rehabilitation is often employed for the treatment of chronic non-specific neck pain (CNSNP) and the associated functional loss. Taping is frequently used as an adjunct treatment alongside primary physical rehabilitation. Unlike kinesio tape (KT), the therapeutic benefits of dynamic tape (DT) have not been thoroughly explored and documented in non-athletic conditions. Therefore, the aim of this trial was to determine the effects of DT on pain, disability, and overall well-being in individuals experiencing CNSNP. Methods A prospective parallel-group active controlled trial was conducted at a single center, involving 136 patients with CNSNP, randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio. The sham taping group (STC) received standard physiotherapy care (n = 67) alongside DT without tension, while the dynamic taping group (DTC) (n = 69) underwent standard cervical offloading technique with appropriate tension in addition to standard physiotherapy care. Demographic information and three patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), namely the Neck Disability Index (NDI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the World Health Organization—Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5), were collected for each participant at three time points (baseline, four weeks post-taping, and four weeks follow-up). Results At baseline, no significant differences were observed between the STC and DTC for any outcome measure. Notably, all three PROMs exhibited a significant improvement from baseline to four weeks post-intervention, with moderate to small effect sizes (NDI ηp2 = 0.21, VAS ηp2 = 0.23, and WHO-55 ηp2 = 0.05). The WHO-5 scores for both groups demonstrated improvement from baseline through follow-up (p < 0.001). The NDI and VAS scores ameliorated from baseline to the four weeks post-taping period, with marginal improvements observed during the four weeks follow-up. Conclusion The incorporation of DT as an adjunct to standard physiotherapy care yielded enhancements in pain levels, functional disability, and well-being among patients with CNSNP when compared to the sham group. However, the sustainability of these improvements beyond the taping period lacks statistical significance and warrants further validation.
Analysis of the Principle and State-of-art Applications of Si-Based Chip on Lidar

In recent years, as the feature size of transistors continues to decrease, Moore's Law is also approaching its limits. On this basis, In the post-Moore era, optical interconnect technologies with inherent attributes such as low latency, low power consumption, and low crosstalk have gained widespread attention in the industry. Silicon photonics technology has emerged, leveraging the accumulated knowledge from the silicon-based microelectronics industry over half a century. Optical phased arrays, unlike traditional mechanical-based lidar systems, offer advantages such as small size, low cost, and high accuracy. When combined with mature CMOS processes, they hold significant research value and market prospects. With this in mind, this study will discuss the principle as well as the state-of-art applications for Si-based chip on Lidar. According to the analysis, the current limitations are also demonstrated and suggestions are proposed based on the evaluations. Overall, these results shed light on guiding further exploration of chip developments on Lidar.
Flexible array curvature and sound speed estimations with a maximum spatial lag-one coherence metric

Flexible transducer arrays have the potential to conform to various organ shapes and sizes during photoacoustic image-guided interventions. However, incorrect sound speeds and array shapes can interfere with photoacoustic target localization and degrade image quality. We propose a metric to estimate the sound speed surrounding a target and the radii of curvature of flexible arrays with approximately concave shapes. The metric is defined as the maximum lag-one spatial coherence of the time-delayed, zero-mean channel data received from a region of interest surrounding a photoacoustic target (which we abbreviate as mLOC). Performance is demonstrated with simulated and experimental phantom data. Three photoacoustic targets were simulated in k-Wave with 1540 m/s medium sound speed, and photoacoustic signals were received by a transducer with a flat shape and an 81.3 mm radius of curvature. To acquire experimental photoacoustic data with the flexible array placed on flat and curved surfaces, an optical fiber paired with a hollow metal needle was inserted into an 83-mm-radius hemispherical plastisol phantom at three locations. When implementing beamforming time delays to calculate mLOC, the associated sound speed and radii of curvature ranged 1080-2000 m/s and 60-120 mm, respectively. The sound speed and array curvature estimated by the maximized mLOC were 1540 m/s and 81 mm, respectively, in simulation, resulting in accuracies of 100% and 99.63%, respectively. The sound speed in the phantom was empirically estimated by the maximum of mLOC as 1543 m/s, which led to the array curvature estimation of 85 mm and the corresponding accuracy of 97.59%. Results demonstrate the potential of mLOC to approximate sound speeds and array radii when these variables are unknown in future flexible array imaging scenarios
Progress Toward TURBO: A Novel Beam Delivery System for Charged Particle Therapy

TURBO – Technology for Ultra Rapid Beam Operation – is a novel beam delivery system (BDS) in development at the University of Melbourne. The BDS determines several aspects of treatment delivery where a key bottleneck is the deadtime associated with beam energy variation. Beamlines at treatment facilities have a ±1% momentum acceptance range, requiring all the magnetic fields to adjust to deliver different energy beams at multiple depths in the tumour volume. A BDS using Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFA) optics could reduce the energy layer switching time (ELST) by enabling the transport of a large range of beam energies within the same fixed fields. We present recent progress and ongoing developments with TURBO, a proof-of-concept demonstrator adapted for low energy protons. Characterisation measurements were performed to determine realistic parameters for beam transport and particle tracking modelling. Simulation and experimental studies are shown for an energy degrader. We mention considerations of canted-cosine-theta magnets and further work to explore the clinical feasibility of a scaled-up BDS for charged particle therapy.
Integration of Bridge Health Monitoring System With Augmented Reality Application Developed Using 3D Game Engine–Case Study

In recent times, digital transformations and Industry 4.0 have revolutionized real-time bridge monitoring and its inspection. The use of smart Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) techniques is becoming powerful with the competencies of Building Information Modeling (BIM) tools, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and Virtual/Augmented (VR/AR) technologies. However, the lack of interconnectivity between these tools limits their functionality. This research has addressed this problem by developing an integrated framework to assess serviceability and implement a smart SHM for a newly constructed extradosed bridge. Using Finite Element Analysis (FEA), the study proposes an integrated SHM system that utilizes various IoT sensors, including Wired Strain Gauges (WSG), Liquid Levelling Sensors (LLS), MEMS accelerometers, and a Weather Monitoring Station (WMS) to monitor concrete deformations, vertical displacements, structural vibrations, and weather conditions. BIM tool is used to develop the virtual replica of the proposed SHM system which is then used in the 3D Game Engine (GE) to develop an AR application. This application is then successfully deployed and tested in the AR headset (HoloLens) where its capabilities for onsite bridge health monitoring are discovered. This approach overcomes the limitations of HoloLens devices by providing real-time access to SHM data through a web platform, enabling on-site or remote AR-based bridge health monitoring. Conclusively, this paper emphasizes the numerical modeling of bridges for the design of a health monitoring system, that highlights the importance of robust SHM techniques in assessing bridge conditions. Moreover, it introduces a novel approach for smart bridge inspection and onsite visualization of structural defects in an AR environment.
Combining soft robotics and telerehabilitation for improving motor function after stroke

Telerehabilitation and robotics, either traditional rigid or soft, have been extensively studied and used to improve hand functionality after a stroke. However, a limited number of devices combined these two technologies to such a level of maturity that was possible to use them at the patients’ home, unsupervised. Here we present a novel investigation that demonstrates the feasibility of a system that integrates a soft inflatable robotic glove, a cloud-connected software interface, and a telerehabilitation therapy. Ten chronic moderate-to-severe stroke survivors independently used the system at their home for 4 weeks, following a software-led therapy and being in touch with occupational therapists. Data from the therapy, including automatic assessments by the robot, were available to the occupational therapists in real-time, thanks to the cloud-connected capability of the system. The participants used the system intensively (about five times more movements per session than the standard care) for a total of more than 8 hr of therapy on average. We were able to observe improvements in standard clinical metrics (FMA +3.9 ± 4.0, p < .05, COPM-P + 2.5 ± 1.3, p < .05, COPM-S + 2.6 ± 1.9, p < .05, MAL-AOU +6.6 ± 6.5, p < .05) and range of motion (+88%) at the end of the intervention. Despite being small, these improvements sustained at follow-up, 2 weeks after the end of the therapy. These promising results pave the way toward further investigation for the deployment of combined soft robotic/telerehabilitive systems at-home for autonomous usage for stroke rehabilitation.
How Reliable Is Breast Volume Assessment When the Patient Is Lying Flat?—Volumetric Assessment of Breast Volume Using a Vectra H2 Handheld Device in Different Positions

(1) Background: Three-dimensional (3D) volumetric assessment is receiving increased recognition in breast surgery. It is commonly used for preoperative planning and postoperative control with the patient standing in an upright position. Recently, intraoperative use was evaluated with patients in the supine position. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the volumetric changes in 3D surface imaging depending on the patient’s position. (2) Methods: 3D volumetric analysis was performed using a Vectra-H2 device with patients in standing, sitting, and supine positions. A total of 100 complete datasets of female breasts were included in the study. The measured volumes of each evaluated breast (n = 200) were compared between the three positions. (3) Results: The mean difference between the 3D volumetric assessments of the sitting and standing positions per breast was 7.15 cc and, thus, statistically insignificant (p = 0.28). However, the difference between supine and standing positions, at 120.31 cc, was significant (p < 0.01). (4) Conclusions: The 3D volumetric assessment of breasts in the supine position did not statistically correlate with the validated assessment of breast volume in the standing position while breast volume in the sitting position is reliable and correlates with the assessment of a standing patient. We conclude that intraoperative volumetric assessment should be performed with patients in an upright sitting position.
An Improved Linear Blending Skinning Algorithm Based on Human Joint Position Relation and Improved Weight Calculation Method

Based on real-time requirements and joint position information in motion, this paper improves LBS algorithm because of its highest computational efficiency. The weight calculation method in traditional LBS algorithm is improved into a pair of values—The ratio of The length of the vertex's projected position on the bone to the length of the bone and Cosine of the Angle between the attachment of the vertex to the parent joint and the bone containing the parent joint--to Overcome the wrap candy paper and articulatory place collapse. After extracting the skeleton structure of the model and calculating the weight, by monitoring the position change relation of the local key joints in the motion sequence, the traditional LBS algorithm and the improved LBS algorithm can be dynamically switched to reduce the computation as much as possible and improve the algorithm efficiency. Experimental results show that the improved algorithm proposed in this paper overcomes the defects of LBS algorithm effectively, and the method is simple and effective.
Embodied interaction: a turn to better understand disabling marketplaces and consumer vulnerability

The purpose of this study is to extend current understanding of disabling marketplaces by substantiating embodied interaction, between service providers and disabled consumers, as interlinked multimodal activities in a material environment. The study is based on three extensive datasets on service production and provider-consumer interactions, gathered from several public sector markets containing private service providers. Using different qualitative and semi-ethnographical methods, the study makes three contributions: i) a more embodied construct of disability, materialised in a conceptual typology of embodiment and materiality, advancing research into what disables consumers from being active members of marketplaces; ii) identifying themes of disabling marketplace interactions which contribute a more fine-grained understanding of the relationship between embodiment and how consumers experience vulnerability – an explanation of how consumers with disabilities appropriate space and ascribe meanings to a place; and iii) substantiating previous research into ‘bodily dys-appearance’.
Describing and Exploring Coping Strategies among Those Diagnosed with Cancer as an Adolescent or Young Adult: A YACPRIME Study

A greater understanding of how young people cope with a cancer diagnosis is needed in order to inform age-appropriate supportive care. This paper describes the coping strategies used and explores relationships between coping strategies and personal, medical, and psychological variables among young adults (YAs) diagnosed with cancer. YAs (n = 547, mean age = 34.05 ± 6.00 years) completed an online survey, including the Brief COPE and measures of psychological functioning. Descriptive statistics and bivariate correlations were computed. Acceptance, self-distraction, positive reframing, and planning were the most used coping strategies by this sample. There were small (r = −0.09) to large (r = 0.51) significant relationships between personal, medical, and psychological variables and selected coping strategies. Coping with a cancer diagnosis early in life remains poorly understood. Identifying additional correlates and exploring inter- and intrapersonal variation in coping strategy use is required.
A domain-specific language for managing ETL processes

Maintenance of Data Warehouse (DW) systems is a critical task because any downtime or data loss can have significant consequences on business applications. Existing DW maintenance solutions mostly rely on concrete technologies and tools that are dependent on: the platform on which the DW system was created; the specific data extraction, transformation, and loading (ETL) tool; and the database language the DW uses. Different languages for different versions of DW systems make organizing DW processes difficult, as minimal changes in the structure require major changes in the application code for managing ETL processes. This article proposes a domain-specific language (DSL) for ETL process management that mitigates these problems by centralizing all program logic, making it independent from a particular platform. This approach would simplify DW system maintenance. The platform-independent language proposed in this article also provides an easier way to create a unified environment to control DW processes, regardless of the language, environment, or ETL tool the DW uses.
A Study of Racket Weight Adaptation in Advanced and Beginner Badminton Players

The jump smash is the most aggressive manoeuvre in badminton. Racket parameters may be the key factor affecting the performance of jump smash. Previous studies have focused only on the biomechanical characteristics of athletes or on racket parameters in isolation, with less observation of the overall performance of the human-racket system. This study aims to explore the effects of different racket weights on neuromuscular control strategies in advanced and beginner players. Nonnegative matrix factorisation (NMF) was used to extract the muscle synergies of players when jumping smash using different rackets (3U, 5U), and K-means clustering was used to obtain the fundamental synergies. Uncontrolled manifold (UCM) analyses were used to establish links between synergy and motor performance, and surface electromyography (sEMG) was mapped to each spinal cord segment. The study found significant differences (P < 0.05) in the postural muscles of skilled players and significant differences (P < 0.001) in the upper-limb muscles of beginners when the racket weight was increased. Advanced players adapt to the increase in racket weight primarily by adjusting the timing of the activation of the third synergy. Combined synergy in advanced players is mainly focused on the backswing, while that in beginners is mainly focused on the frontswing. This suggests that advanced players may be more adept at utilising the postural muscles and their coordination with the upper-limb muscles to adapt to different rackets. In addition, the motor experience can help athletes adapt more quickly to heavier rackets, and this adaptation occurs primarily by adjusting the temporal phase and covariation characteristics of the synergies rather than by increasing the number of synergies.
Supporting fluid teams: a research agenda

Fluid teams are teams that are rapidly assembled from across disciplines or areas of expertise to address a near-term problem. They are typically composed of individuals who have no prior familiarity with one another, who as a team must begin work immediately, and who disband at the completion of the task. Prior research has noted the challenges posed by this unique type of team context. To date, fluid teams have been understudied, yet their relevance and application in the modern workplace is expanding. This Perspective article presents a concise overview of critical research gaps and opportunities to support selection, training, and workplace design for fluid teams.