Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Evidence for a Normal-Weight “Metabolically Obese” Phenotype Linking Insulin Resistance, Hypertension, Coronary Artery Disease, and Type 2 Diabetes

The mechanisms that predispose to hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in individuals of normal weight are poorly understood. In contrast, in monogenic primary lipodystrophy—a reduction in subcutaneous adipose tissue—it is clear that it is adipose dysfunction that causes severe insulin resistance (IR), hypertension, CAD, and T2D. We aimed to test the hypothesis that common alleles associated with IR also influence the wider clinical and biochemical profile of monogenic IR. We selected 19 common genetic variants associated with fasting insulin–based measures of IR. We used hierarchical clustering and results from genome-wide association studies of eight nondisease outcomes of monogenic IR to group these variants. We analyzed genetic risk scores against disease outcomes, including 12,171 T2D cases, 40,365 CAD cases, and 69,828 individuals with blood pressure measurements. Hierarchical clustering identified 11 variants associated with a metabolic profile consistent with a common, subtle form of lipodystrophy. A genetic risk score consisting of these 11 IR risk alleles was associated with higher triglycerides (β = 0.018; P = 4 × 10−29), lower HDL cholesterol (β = −0.020; P = 7 × 10−37), greater hepatic steatosis (β = 0.021; P = 3 × 10−4), higher alanine transaminase (β = 0.002; P = 3 × 10−5), lower sex-hormone-binding globulin (β = −0.010; P = 9 × 10−13), and lower adiponectin (β = −0.015; P = 2 × 10−26). The same risk alleles were associated with lower BMI (per-allele β = −0.008; P = 7 × 10−8) and increased visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio (β = −0.015; P = 6 × 10−7). Individuals carrying ≥17 fasting insulin–raising alleles (5.5% population) were slimmer (0.30 kg/m2) but at increased risk of T2D (odds ratio [OR] 1.46; per-allele P = 5 × 10−13), CAD (OR 1.12; per-allele P = 1 × 10−5), and increased blood pressure (systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 1.21 mmHg [per-allele P = 2 × 10−5] and 0.67 mmHg [per-allele P = 2 × 10−4], respectively) compared with individuals carrying ≤9 risk alleles (5.5% population). Our results provide genetic evidence for a link between the three diseases of the “metabolic syndrome” and point to reduced subcutaneous adiposity as a central mechanism.
Effects of Amount and Type of Self-Regulation Opportunity during Skill Acquisition on Motor Learning

This study examined the effects of varying levels and type of self-control on the acquisition and retention of a motor task. Four sequence timing tasks were used, each with their own sequence order and target time. The goal of the task was to complete the sequence with a movement time as close to the target time as possible. An experimental group was given self-control over the practice variable of task ordering as well as constrained self-control over feedback scheduling. Three control groups were yoked to certain aspects of the experimental group. Control group A was yoked to the task order decisions made by the experimental group but permitted to self-control their feedback schedule. Control group B was yoked to the experimental group's chosen feedback schedule but permitted to control their trial order. The last control group, C, was yoked to both the feedback and task order schedule of the experimental group. Groups that selfcontrolled their own feedback schedules; the experimental group and control group A, were slower to demonstrate decreases in absolute constant error at the beginning of acquisition. Throughout acquisition, these same groups were able to utilize the feedback requested after a given trial to significantly improve performance on the following trial of the same sequence type. During acquisition, and retention, the self-controlled feedback groups had average movement times that were more accurate to the average target time than did other groups. No further differences between groups were found during retention or transfer. These results suggest that the self-controlled conditions used in this study affect performance during acquisition but do not necessarily enhance the amount of information retained in the long term.
SXUCFN-Core: STS Models Integrating FrameNet Parsing Information

This paper describes our system submitted to *SEM 2013 Semantic Textual Similarity (STS) core task which aims to measure semantic similarity of two given text snippets. In this shared task, we propose an interpolation STS model named Model_LIM integrating FrameNet parsing information, which has a good performance with low time complexity compared with former submissions.
South Asians: why are they at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease?

Purpose of review We comment on the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in South Asians (SA). The effect of various risk factors, for example biochemical, genetic, lifestyle, socioeconomic factors and psychosocial stress on CVD risk is discussed. Recent findings ‘Prediabetes’ is common in SA, but its relationship with coronary artery disease (CAD) is not significant unlike for the white population. At the same time, ‘prediabetes’ in SA is associated with an increased risk for cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). The differentiating factor could be the high lipids in Europeans and their relationship to CAD. Likewise, higher diastolic blood pressure in SA may explain the risk of CeVD. Small, dense, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration and high triglycerides may contribute to atherosclerosis. Thrombotic factors such as increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor, fibrinogen, lipoprotein (a) and homocysteine have been shown to be associated with increased CVD. Impaired cerebrovascular autoregulation and sympathovagal activity, increased arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction may increase CVD risk further. In addition, environmental and dietary factors may exaggerate the unfavourable cardiovascular profile through genetic factors. Summary The implications of the findings suggest comprehensive screening of SA for CVD. Cultural differences should be considered while designing prevention strategies specifically targeting barriers for uptake of preventive service.
Modeling Trust and Influence in the Blogosphere Using Link Polarity

In this paper, we address the problem of modeling trust and influence in the blogosphere. Our approach uses links in the blog graph to associate sentiments with the links connecting two blogs. (By “link” we mean the url that blogger a uses in his blog post to refer to blogger b’s post). We call this sentiment as link polarity and the sign and magnitude of this value is based on the sentiment of text surrounding the link. These polar edges indicate the bias/trust/distrust between the respective blogs. In order to associate a given blog foo to the community of its like-minded blogs, we create new polar links between all pairs of blogs using initial polar links. We use trust propagation models to “spread” the initial polarity values to all possible pairs of nodes. Finally, we compute the trust/distrust score for foo from the seed set of influential blogs (discussed later) to determine its community. More generally, we address the problem of detecting all such
Transformation of BPEL Processes to EPCs

The Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL) is frequently used to implement business processes on a technical level. Yet, as BPEL is also very much related to business logic, BPEL process definitions have to be communicated to business analysts, whether for approval or for process re-engineering. As BPEL does not offer a graphical notation, an automatic transformation to a graphical language like Event-Driven Process Chains (EPCs) is required. In this paper, we present a transformation of BPEL to EPCs. We first define a conceptual mapping from BPEL to EPCs which provides the foundation for a transformation program from BPEL to EPML. Furthermore, we present the concepts used in our transformation program which are also applicable for transformations from block-oriented BPEL to other graph-based process languages.
Text Summarization using Genre Features and Topic Expansion Techniques

Automatic summarization is a challenging task due to the fact that there exist a vast number of ways in which a particular text segment can be summarized. In addition, the quality of the final summary is judged differently by different humans according to their information need. Different techniques have been investigated which aim to capture the most salient content in text to include in a summary. In this study, automatic summarization is studied for different genres of documents news articles and essays. Salient content for summaries is determined by either exploiting the different structural layouts of both genres to determine prominent position of salient text units or by assessing the similarity of the text unit to the general topicality of the original source using Information Retrieval (IR) techniques. Results from several experiments evaluated against a gold-standard of human judgements, show that the extraction algorithm performs better than a commonly used commercial system when using both topical and positional information is considered. Also, different genres benefit from different techniques and hence automatic summarization should also be tailored according to the genre of the input document. Lastly, it was observed that IR techniques can be used to produce informative extractive summaries having higher saliency scores.
Molecular Hydrogen: New Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis and Related Diseases

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease in which the progressive destruction of joint causes morbidity. It is also associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis, which can result in cardiovascular disease and mortality. The therapeutic goal is to control the systemic inflammation to obtain not only the remission of symptoms, but also improve general state of health. Although recent biologic immunosuppressive therapies targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines have spawned a paradigm shift regarding the prognosis of RA, these therapies possess inherent side effects. Also, early diagnosis of the disease remains confounded by uncertainty. While the mechanisms responsible for the onset of RA remain unclear, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a significant role in the pathogenesis of RA. ROS play a central role both upstream and downstream of NF-κB and TNFα pathways, which are located at the center of the inflammatory response. Among the ROS, the hydroxyl radical is the most harmful, and molecular hydrogen (H2) is a selective scavenger for this species. Recently, it has been shown that H2 is useful when administered along with the conventional therapy in RA as it acts to reduce oxidative stress in the patients. Especially in the early stage, H2 showed significant therapeutic potential, which also seemed to assist diagnosis and treatment decisions of RA. The possible expectations regarding the potential benefits of H2 by reducing the oxidative stress, resulting from inflammatory factors, are raised and discussed here. They include prevention of RA and related atherosclerosis, as well as therapeutic validity for RA
Toward a semantic web of paleoclimatology

The paleoclimate record is information‐rich, yet significant technical barriers currently exist before this record can be used to answer scientific questions. Here we make the case for a universal format to structure paleoclimate data. A simple example demonstrates the scientific utility of such a self‐describing way of organizing coral data and meta‐data. This example is generalized to a universal ontology that may form the backbone of an open‐source, open‐access, and crowd‐sourced paleoclimate database. The format is designed to enable semantic searches, and is expected to accelerate discovery on topical scientific problems like climate extremes, the characteristics of natural climate variability, and climate sensitivity to various forcings.
Supporting students working together on math with social dialogue

In this paper, we describe an environment for supporting collaborative problem solving that uses dialogue agents both for creating a collaborative attitude between students as well as for offering instruction. We evaluated the effect of the social dialogue agents on student collaboration by contrasting a condition that included the social agents with a condition that did not include them. Both conditions involved dialogue agents for offering math instruction. Our finding is that the social agents changed the attitude students displayed towards one another as well as their perceptions of how much help they gave a received. There was some weak evidence suggestive of a positive learning effect. Index Terms: tutorial dialogue, computer supported collaborative learning
High steady-state accuracy pneumatic servo positioning system with PVA/PV control and friction compensation

Pneumatic servo actuators have the benefits of low-cost, cleanliness and a high power-to-weight ratio. However, their relatively poor accuracy prevents them from competing with electro-mechanical systems when higher accuracy is needed. The cause of the steady-state error for a pneumatic servo system with an open-center servo valve is investigated. Full nonlinear and linearized plant models are presented. An effective friction compensation method is introduced which can be added to any control strategy. When combined with a novel PVA/PV control approach, a steady-state accuracy of /spl plusmn/0.01mm was verified in experiments. This is a tenfold improvement over previously reported experimental results for such systems. This performance is achieved for both vertical and horizontal movements with payloads ranging from 0.3 to 11.3kg, without re-tuning the controller.
Relationship between inflation and stock market returns: Evidence from Nigeria

Relationship between Inflation and Stock Market Returns: Evidence from Nigeria Douglason G. Omotor The linkage between stock prices and inflation has been subjected to extensive research in the past decades and has arouse the interests of academics, researchers, practitioners and policy makers globally, particularly since the 1990s. The issue has been the apparent anomaly of the negative relationship between inflation and stock market returns as most studies in the industrialized economies have shown. This paper investigates this relationship using monthly and quarterly data of Nigeria for the period 1985 to 2008. The findings of this paper seem to suggest that stock market returns may provide an effective hedge against inflation in Nigeria.
A Study of Agent Communication Model in MAS

It is important of Agent communication for the reality of coordination, cooperation and consistency in multi-Agent system. In this paper, an architecture of Agent communication is given. In order to decrease the working capacity to maintain the communication protocol, using the KQML as the basic Agent communication language, the paper proposes an Agent communication model based on dynamic modification to communication protocol where a new protocol is added or modified without changing the protocol software's source code. The model has been applied in a real multi-Agent system. The results show that the model enhances the system's adaptability and stability.
An Assessment of Satellite and Radiosonde Climatologies of Upper-Tropospheric Water Vapor.

Abstract This study compares radiosonde and satellite climatologies of upper-tropospheric water vapor for the period 1979–1991. Comparison of the two climatologies reveals significant differences in the regional distribution of upper-tropospheric relative humidity. These discrepancies exhibit a distinct geopolitical dependence that is demonstrated to result from international differences in radiosonde instrumentation. Specifically, radiosondes equipped with goldbeater's skin humidity sensors (found primarily in the former Soviet Union, China, and eastern Europe) report a systematically moister upper troposphere relative to the satellite observations, whereas radiosondes equipped with capacitive or carbon hygristor sensors (found at most other locations) report a systematically drier upper troposphere. The bias between humidity sensors is roughly 15%–20% in terms of the relative humidity, being slightly greater during summer than during winter and greater in the upper troposphere than in the midtroposphere.
Using bar-code technology and medication observation methodology for safer medication administration.

PURPOSE The implementation of a multidisciplinary approach to systematically decrease medication errors through the use of observation methodology and the deployment of electronic medication administration records (EMARs) and bar-coded-medication administration (BCMA) is described. SUMMARY For a consistent and reliable approach to data collection, a direct-observation technique was used. The measurement of medication errors using the observation process occurred in two phases-preimplementation and postimplementation. Three inpatient nursing units participated. The control group was a 20-bed cardiac telemetry unit. Intervention group 1 was also a 20-bed cardiac telemetry unit. Intervention group 2 was a 36-bed medical-surgical unit. During the first phase of the study, all three study groups participated in evaluating the medication administration process associated with a manual five-day medication administration record (MAR). A total of 188 errors were reported. The pharmacy, nursing, and information services departments collaborated on the design and deployment of the EMAR and BCMA systems. The systems were implemented in one nursing unit in August 2003, with full implementation on all inpatient units by July 2004. During the second phase of the study, the control group continued to use the manual five-day MAR without a change in the process. Intervention groups 1 and 2 were measured to evaluate the medication administration process using EMAR and BCMA technology. The direct-observation accuracy rate before BCMA was 86.5%; after BCMA, the rate rose to 97%. CONCLUSION The direct-observation methodology was used to monitor medication administration before and after the deployment of the EMAR and BCMA systems. A 54% reduction of medication administration errors was observed following implementation of a multidisciplinary, collaborative approach to medication safety.
Analysis of Compact Fluorescent Lights for Use by Patients with Photosensitive Conditions

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is hazardous to patients with photosensitive skin disorders, such as lupus erythematosus, xeroderma pigmentosum and skin cancer. As such, these patients are advised to minimize their exposure to UVR. Classically, this is accomplished through careful avoidance of sun exposure and artificial tanning booths. Indoor light bulbs, however, are generally not considered to pose significant UVR hazard. We sought to test this notion by measuring the UV emissions of 19 different compact fluorescent light bulbs. The ability to induce skin damage was assessed with the CIE erythema action spectrum, ANSI S(λ) generalized UV hazard spectrum and the CIE photocarcinogenesis action spectrum. The results indicate that there is a great deal of variation amongst different bulbs, even within the same class. Although the irradiance of any given bulb is low, the possible daily exposure time is rather lengthy. This results in potential daily UVR doses ranging from 0.1 to 625 mJ cm−2, including a daily UVB (290–320 nm) dose of 0.01 to 15 mJ cm−2. Because patients are exposed continually over long time frames, this could lead to significant cumulative damage. It would therefore be prudent for patients to use bulbs with the lowest UV irradiance.
Theoretical analysis of antibody targeting of tumor spheroids: importance of dosage for penetration, and affinity for retention.

The interplay among antibody/antigen binding kinetics, antibody diffusion, and antigen metabolic turnover together determines the depth of penetration of antitumor antibodies into prevascular tumor spheroid cell clumps. A sharp boundary between an outer shell of bound high-affinity antibody and an inner antibody-free core has been previously observed and mathematically modeled and was termed the "binding site barrier. " We show here that this process is well described by a simplified shrinking core model wherein binding equilibration is much more rapid than diffusion. This analysis provides the following experimentally testable predictions: (a) the binding site barrier is a moving boundary whose velocity is proportional to the time integral of antibody concentration at the spheroid surface (i.e. plasma antibody AUC); (b) the velocity of this moving boundary is independent of binding affinity, if the affinity is sufficiently high to strongly favor antibody/antigen complex formation at prevailing antibody concentrations; and (c) maximum tumor retention is achieved when the antibody/antigen dissociation rate approaches the rate of antigen metabolic turnover. The consistency of these predictions with published experimental results is demonstrated. The shrinking core model provides a simple analytic relationship predicting the effects of altered antibody pharmacokinetics, antibody molecular weight, antigen turnover rate, antigen expression level, and micrometastasis size on antibody penetration and retention. For example, a formula is provided for predicting the bolus dose necessary to accomplish tumor saturation as a function of antibody and tumor properties. Furthermore, this analysis indicates certain attributes necessary for an optimal tumor targeting agent.
Structural units in humic acids from south-eastern Queensland soils as determined by 13nmr spectroscopy

Solution l3C Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance (FTNMR) spectra of six humic acids extracted from a range of soil types and a solid state, cross polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) 13C NMR spectrum of a lignin are reported. Quantifying specific regions of the spectra reveals the presence of alkyl, carbohydrate, aromatic and carboxyl carbons. Alkyl carbon is in general the ' major contributor to these spectra, averaging 38% of the total carbon. Long-chain units comprise a significant proportion of this group, although highly branched systems are also in evidence in two samples. Carbohydrate carbon is a major contributor in two samples, representing 27% and 28% of the total carbon nuclei measured. Aromatic carbon content shows the greatest variability, ranging from 10 to 45%. Humic acids from soils developed under rainforest show the lowest aromaticity, and it is suggested that aromatic structures are not integral building blocks of terrestrial humic acids. Little evidence was found for the presence of hydroxy- and methoxy-substituted aromatic carbons even in humic acids high in aromaticity.