Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structuring the Digital Elevation Model into Landform Elements through Watershed Segmentation of Curvature

The spatial prediction of landforms and surface processes is an important component in the understanding and modelling of an environmental system. Therefore a fundamental research topic within geomorphometry is to extract and classify landform elements and landform types. The general topic is thoroughly introduced and reviewed in the recent chapter by MacMillan and Shary (2008) and the paper by Minar and Evans (2008), but in this paper the focus is on the matter of automatic extraction of landform elements. Landform elements are segments characterized by simple geometry and can be viewed upon as the basic building blocks for landforms, landform types and landform systems. While many applications (implicitly or explicitly) define the grid cell itself as the basic landform element, several studies have pointed out the weaknesses of this approach (e.g. Rowbotham and Dudycha 1998, Blaschke and Strobl 2001, Romstad 2001, Dragut and Blaschke 2006). If a landform element instead can be defined by a group of connected cells, we have effectively made the transition from a field based to an object based representation of the terrain. This is a powerful approach as it allows for the calculation of contextual information such as the shape and size of regions. Important contributions on how to construct geomorphologically significant landform elements in this way include those of Friedrich (1996), MacMillan et al. (2004), Dragut and Blaschke (2006) and Strobl (2008). The by far most common method for this type of terrain segmentation is to delineate local catchments by use of flow modelling. This type of segmentation has the favourable property that the method for delineation of regions is based on an explicitly defined physical process (hydrological flow). Thus the resulting regions represent meaningful real world objects by definition. A weakness is that this method does not ensure the geometric simplicity of the resulting elements and significant changes in slope gradient may have to be treated separately. Dragut and Blaschke (2006) delineated homogenous landform objects by applying the image segmentation algorithm described by Baatz and Schape (2000) to a set of topographic attributes. This Proceedings of Geomorphometry 2009. Zurich, Switzerland, 31 August 2 September, 2009
ION CHROMATOGRAM METHOD FOR ANALYZING ANIONS AND CATIONS IN PORE WATER FROM MARINE SEDIMENTS

We use ion chromatogram technique to determine the anion and cation ion concentrations in pore waters.Metrosep A Supp4-250 type column and 1.8 mmol/L Na_(2)CO_(3)+1.7 mmol/L NaHCO_(3)mixed solution in anion system are used to determine concentrations of Cl~(-),Br~(-)and SO~(2-)_4 in pore water,and Metrosep C 2-150 type column and 4 mmol/L tartaric acid+0.75 mmol/L C_(7)H_(5)NO_(4) mixed solution in cation system are used to determine concentrations of Na~(+),NH~+_4,K~(+),Ca~(2+)and Mg~(2+). The results indicate that correlation coefficient between measured and standard values for each ion in standard solutions preponderates over 0.999. The detection limit is less than 0.5 mg/L,and the relative standard deviation is better than 3%. In particular,we carried out special experiment to measure Br~(-)concentration under high Cl~(-) concentration background as well as NH~+_4concentration under high Na~(+) concentration background.Right now,a tentative ion chromatograph method for analyzing concentrations of cations and anions in pore water from marine sediments has been established in our lab.This method has been proved to be rapid,simple,sensitive,and accurate.
Lowest Priority First Based Feasibility Analysis of Real-time Systems

• A feasibility test for RM is proposed by testing system infeasibility. • Results are applicable to systems where deadlines are not larger than task periods. • Theoretical foundation for lowest priority task first (LPF) approach is provided. • The timing constraints of system under investigation are kept intact. • The presented work dominates existing counterparts from performance perspectives. Available online xxxx Keywords: Feasibility analysis Fixed-priority scheduling Online schedulability Real-time systems a b s t r a c t The feasibility problem of periodic tasks under fixed priority systems has always been a critical research issue in real-time systems and a number of feasibility tests have been proposed to guarantee the timing requirements of real-time systems. These tests can be broadly classified into: (a) inexact and (b) exact tests. The inexact tests are applied to the task sets that present lower utilization, while the exact tests become inevitable when system utilization is high. The exact tests can be further classified into: (a) Scheduling Points Tests (SPT) and (b) Response Time Tests (RTT). The SPT analyze task set feasibility at the arrival times while the RTT utilize fixed-point techniques to determine task feasibility. All of the available exact feasibility tests, whichever class it belongs to, share pseudo-polynomial complexity. Therefore, the afore-mentioned tests become impractical for online systems. Currently, both SPT and RTT employ the Highest Priority First (HPF) approach, which determines the system feasibility by testing the schedulability of individual tasks in the decreasing order of priority. In contrast, this work exploits the Lowest Priority First (LPF) alternative which is an aggressive solution based on the observation that the system infeasibility is primarily due to the lower priority tasks and not because of the higher priority tasks. For the average case analysis, our technique demonstrates promising results. Moreover, in the worst case scenario our solution is no inferior to the existing state of the art alternatives. We compare our proposed technique with the existing tests: (a) by counting the number of scheduling points used by a test that belongs to the SPT, (b) by counting the number of innermost loops executed by an algorithm for the RTT, and (c) by measuring the actual running time of the existing alternatives.
MATHEMATICAL RESEARCH INTO MOISTURE EVAPORATION IN A PEAT LAYER

A one-temperature mathematical model for drying of a peat layer is proposed in the work. Peat is considered to be a multiphase media consisting of a dry organic substance, free and bound water, and gas phase. The finite difference method is used to solve numerically the mathematical model. The volume fraction of water, gas phase, and temperature of a peat layer versus time were obtained. It was investigated the influence of initial volume fraction content on the drying rate of a peat layer. Peat covers more then 4·10 6 km 2 (3 % of ground surface) and are the part of the earth ecosystem. In the world approximately 80 % of peat is located in the Nordic Region with a temperate climate. The total amount of carbon in peat exceeds the amount of carbon from all woods of the earth. When smoldering, peat releases mote than 30 % of CO2 and more than 20 % of hydrocarbons in comparison with emission of hazardous substances from forest fires (1). Peat fires occur regularly. Despite pouring rains or attempts of firemen it is very difficult to extinguish peat fires. Fires can last during the considerable periods of time (from a week and to several years) and cover very large areas. For example, over the last 50 years, extensive peat fires were registered in 1972, 1992, 2002, and 2010 only in the Moscow Region. According to the data presented by Emergency Situations Ministry, since the fire-dangerous period of 2010 there were 996 centers of natural fires on the area of 546 hectares in the Moscow Region, and 443 of which were peat fires. According to the official figures, it was registered daily almost 50 centers of peat fires in Moscow area. Despite the negative consequences of peat fires, by the present time, it has not been developed yet a scientifically based system for the prediction of fires, which could estimate the probability of peat fires, including natural and anthropogenic loadings, characteristics of area and soil cover, and meteorological conditions as well.
GEOGRAPHICAL STUDY ON THE STRUCTURE BY SEXES AND AGE GROUPS IN THE PARISHES LOCATED IN THE BIRDA-MORAVIŢA PLAIN

The article entitled "Geographical study on the structure by sexes and age groups in the parishes located in the Birda-Moravita Plain" aims to present the main aspects of the consequences the lack of balance between the three structures by age may have on the social, economic and cultural development in this region. Equally useful, the quantitative indicators that have been used in the text are designed to present the evolution of the two types of structures in the studied period and the features and their influence in securing employment across the region.The regional system of the Plain Birda-Moravia is a territorial unit fairly homogeneous in terms of gender structure, and the slightly higher percentage of female population is mainly due to the two World Wars. However, on the age structure of the population, the major differences between the group of young people, adults or the elderly are felt in the entire regional system during the period considered in this analysis. Starting with 1930, the share of young population decreases, while the adult age group increase. But the most acute demographic risk that will affect the entire area in the near future, is the increase in percentage of the elderly group which will make it very difficult to provide local employment.
OBJECT DETECTION AND LOCALIZATION IN THE WAVELET DOMAIN

We are interested in the problem of detecting and localizing objects in the compressed domain. The practical uses of this research are video surveillance, queries over digital library archives and teleconferencing. Most image operations, such as object recognition, are formulated as sequences of operations in the image domain. Such methods need direct access to pixel information as a starting point, but pixel information is not directly available in a compressed image stream. The standards that have emerged for still-image and video compression each contain steps that are commonly found in compression algorithms, like linear transformations, coefficient quantization, run-length coding and entropy coding. Coders like JPEG 2000 and SPHIT are built around the wavelet transform. Thus as a step toward detection and localization of objects embedded in the compressed bit stream we consider here the problem of localizing and detection in the wavelet domain.
Quantifying the Interaction Between Structural Properties of Software and Hardware in the ARM Big.LITTLE Architecture

Heterogeneous architectures offer the opportunity to achieve high performance and energy efficiency by selecting appropriate cores for execution of ever changing software applications. Appropriate core selection depends on the interaction between the structural properties of the software and the hardware that influences performance of the software. We propose a model for efficient core selection when executing software on ARM's big.LITTLE heterogeneous architecture. It features a metric based on the correlation between the performance and the number of last level data cache (LLC) misses on a big and a LITTLE core. Additionally our model defines a soft threshold in terms of the number of LLC misses that determines efficient core selection. We verify the model on both a stress benchmark (stress-ng) and a performance and energy demanding application (HEVC decoding) using XMEM and Linux perf dynamic tools.
The Comparison of Professional Identity of Prospective Teachers between UPI Indonesia and UPSI Malaysia

This study examined how prospective teachers develop their professional identity before living their professional life. Because the teacher professional identity is dynamics and change over the course of career, this study aims to describe the profile of the professional identity of prospective teachers in Indonesia (UPI) and Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI) Malaysia. Multivariate test using Roy's Largest Root resulted in F = 1.763 and p = 0.105 so that the difference of professional identity and its aspects between the 1st, 3rd and 5th grade students in UPI, does not differ significantly on α = 0,100. There is a significant difference between UPSI and UPI in all aspects as well as professional identity as a whole (F = 78,047 and p = 1.447E-82). The semester level distinguishes all aspects and total professional identity was p <. 100. The difference occurred in the first semester students with the 5th and 3rd semesters with the 5th. Meanwhile, among students of the 1st semester with the third semester, they were not significantly different. Hence, there should be a serious effort made by both institutions to boost the upper level students to be more familiar with the teaching profession. Keywords—professional identity; teacher education; prospective teachers
Finite‐element modelling of physics‐based hillslope hydrology, Keith Beven, and beyond

further progress in the field of physically-based hydrologic modelling of hillslope systems will lie in an attempt at field application of the model involving independent calibration using only measured parameters and boundary conditions. This would restrict application at this stage to small scale systems where detailed measurements are viable, Only in this way will the degree of permissible lumping of the system be determined and the simplified structure of the system model be validated or improved Beven (1977a), p.27
Structure and Ligand Selection of Hemoglobin II from Lucina pectinata*

Lucina pectinata ctenidia harbor three heme proteins: sulfide-reactive hemoglobin I (HbILp) and the oxygen transporting hemoglobins II and III (HbIILp and HbIIILp) that remain unaffected by the presence of H2S. The mechanisms used by these three proteins for their function, including ligand control, remain unknown. The crystal structure of oxygen-bound HbIILp shows a dimeric oxyHbIILp where oxygen is tightly anchored to the heme through hydrogen bonds with Tyr30(B10) and Gln65(E7). The heme group is buried farther within HbIILp than in HbILp. The proximal His97(F8) is hydrogen bonded to a water molecule, which interacts electrostatically with a propionate group, resulting in a Fe-His vibration at 211 cm-1. The combined effects of the HbIILp small heme pocket, the hydrogen bonding network, the His97 trans-effect, and the orientation of the oxygen molecule confer stability to the oxy-HbIILp complex. Oxidation of HbILp Phe(B10) → Tyr and HbIILp only occurs when the pH is decreased from pH 7.5 to 5.0. Structural and resonance Raman spectroscopy studies suggest that HbIILp oxygen binding and transport to the host bacteria may be regulated by the dynamic displacements of the Gln65(E7) and Tyr30(B10) pair toward the heme to protect it from changes in the heme oxidation state from FeII to FeIII.
Estudio Exploratorio de las Características Psicométricas del Portrait Values Questionnaire en el Contexto de Córdoba - Argentina

El estudio analizo algunas propiedades psicometricas del Portrait Values Questionnaire, instrumento de medicion de valores humanos en su version de 21 items (Schwartz & Rubel-Lifschitz, 2009), en una muestra no aleatoria de 419 ciudadanos cordobeses (Argentina), con una media de edad de 34.81 y una desviacion tipica de 10.16. Para evaluar la evidencia de estructura y de consistencia interna se realizo un analisis factorial exploratorio y se estimo el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, respectivamente. Los resultados indican que el instrumento presenta buenos niveles de confiabilidad en las tres dimensiones: conservacion, apertura al cambio y autopromocion (α= . 68 a α= . 71). Sin embargo, la estructura teorica propuesta por el autor se ratifica parcialmente.
Mucus-net feeding by the vermetid gastropod Dendropoma maxima in coral reefs

Dendropoma maxima (Vermetidae, Mollusca) is the largest member of a conspicuous group of sessile gas- tropods living in shallow tropical and temperate reefs. In the northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, individuals of D. maxima live in tubes embedded in the carbonate framework of the reef flat at densities of 11.1 ± 6.3 m -2 . They secrete mucus nets extending ~10 cm around the individuals. The sticky nets billow under the turbulent action of impinging waves and indiscriminately trap suspended particles. The nets are withdrawn at regular intervals and consumed. Net retraction frequency (NRF), as determined by time-lapse video in the laboratory and in the field, appears to be related to particle availability with significant differences between day (1.35 ± 0.16 hauls h -1 ) and night (2.39 ± 0.44 hauls h -1 ), corresponding to differences in the availability of phyto- and zooplankton. With each net load, the snail consumes 10.43 ± 0.99 µg chlorophyll a. Zooplankton accounts for about the same amount of ingested food as phytoplankton, the bulk of which is ingested during the night. Community ingestion amounts to 0.9 ± 0.5 g C m -2 d -1 , showing that mucus-net feeding by D. maxima traps plankton at rates comparable to other sessile suspension feeders in the same coral reefs.
PFFT: An Extension of FFTW to Massively Parallel Architectures

We present an MPI based software library for computing fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) on massively parallel, distributed memory architectures based on the Message Passing Interface standard (MPI). Similar to established transpose FFT algorithms, we propose a parallel FFT framework that is based on a combination of local FFTs, local data permutations, and global data transpositions. This framework can be generalized to arbitrary multidimensional data and process meshes. All performance-relevant building blocks can be implemented with the help of the FFTW software library. Therefore, our library offers great flexibility and portable performance. Similarly to FFTW, we are able to compute FFTs of complex data, real data, and even- or odd-symmetric real data. All the transforms can be performed completely in place. Furthermore, we propose an algorithm to calculate pruned FFTs more efficiently on distributed memory architectures. For example, we provide performance measurements of FFTs of sizes between $512^3$ .
Implementation of a Virtual Reality Interface for a Public Library

In this demo paper we describe the development process and technical implementation of an interactive Virtual Reality (VR) application dubbed Virtual Library. The application utilizes consumer VR hardware and Unreal Engine to provide an immersive virtual interface to a physical library and its selected services, as well as browsing of literature content in aesthetic fantasy realms. The prototype is publicly available at the Oulu City Library.
When User Interest Meets Data Quality: A Novel User Filter Scheme for Mobile Crowd Sensing

Mobile crowd sensing has become a promising paradigm for mobile users to collect information. Considering that the task information push is not free and there are many users who are not interested in the current task or provide noisy sensing data, one of the imminent problems is how to recommend high-quality and interested users in real time and steer participators to collect data with adequate budgets. However, it is difficult to predict the data quality and users' interest without the validity of real data. In this paper, we propose a user recommender system where the users' data qualities for sensing tasks are derived from historical statistical data to filter out the non-interested and malicious users in current task. The aim is to recruit a sub-group of participators for efficient crowd sensing, in order to maximize the platform utility. We show that our problem is NP-hard, and model the recruitment process as a sub-modular problem. Finally, an approximation algorithm is designed to guarantee the platform utility and participators' profits. We evaluate our algorithm on simulated data set and the results indicate that the platform utility and data quality improves significantly.
Wisconsin farmer attitudes regarding native grass use in grazing systems

More tallgrass prairie has been lost than any other ecosystem in North America, and relict tallgrass prairie remains a threatened plant community. There are potential environmental and agronomic benefits to the reintroduction of native prairie warm-season grass species into grazing systems, but these benefits can only be realized if farmers are willing to use native grasses. Because of the important relationship between farmer attitudes and conservation behaviors, we assessed grass-based farmer attitudes towards and perceptions of native grasses. We held focus groups with farmers to clarify grazing terminology and concepts and then developed a written questionnaire that was reviewed by experts in the fields of applied social research, survey methodology, and farming systems before being pilot-tested on a small group of farmers. In February 2006, we mailed the questionnaire to 800 Wisconsin grass-based farmers. We created indices and used descriptive statistics to interpret the results. We show how a tool (classification tree) commonly used to analyze complex ecological data can be used to interpret survey data. Thirty-five percent of respondents said they are interested in native grasses for pasture use. However, the large majority of farmers reported that they are unfamiliar with the identification and establishment of native grasses. The most important predictor of farmer interest in native grasses was his/her perception of how native grasses affect the environment. Both environmental and financial factors were ranked as highly important to farmers when considering the implementation of conservation projects. Our results show that environmental concerns are important to farmers and highlight the need to both improve our understanding of how native grasses affect ecosystem services and to educate farmers about native grass use and establishment. Using an interdisciplinary approach, we broadened the scope of grassland research while providing results that can be used by multiple groups, e.g., agronomists, conservationists, ecologists, and policymakers. Understanding farmer attitudes at the local level should help to build successful, incentive-based conservation programs and inform research projects and policy initiatives aimed at blending natural resource and agronomic goals.
Microbiological and molecular analysis of bacterial communities of an urban soil

Bacterial communities of urban soils have not been thoroughly investigated up to now. Therefore, soil samples from the urban park Tiergarten in the centre of Berlin were taken from a profile in 15, 30 and 90 cm depth. The total number of bacteria (40,6diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) counts) as well as biomass declined one order of magnitude from topsoil to subsoil. Soil texture changed comparably and water content and amount of organic matter dropped 3–10-fold. The number of culturable bacteria (colony forming units = CFU) also decreased with increasing soil depth. Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) revealed similar bacterial communities in the two upper soil layers in contrast to the deepest layer. The number of bacterial cells which were detected with probe EUB338 in relation to total cell counts differed between 43 and 35% in the three soil layers. With the probe active count method (PAC) this number could be increased up to 72% of total cell counts in topsoil whereas activation of cells declined with increasing depth. In relation to total cell counts (DAPI) a-Proteobacteria and bProteobacteria are equally distributed in all three depths, whereas g-Proteobacteria declined within the soil profile. With the BIOLOG system we observed the general trend that the capability of utilizing diverse substrates decreased with soil depth whereas a few substrates, such as Tween 40 and Tween 80 could be utilised by the bacteria of all soil depths. # 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.