Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Le médulloblastome chez l'adulte: à propos de 13 cas et revue de la literature

Le médulloblastome est une tumeur neuro-ectodermique primitive maligne. Il s'agit d'une tumeur rare chez l'adulte, représentant moins de 1% des tumeurs cérébrales. Nous proposons une étude rétrospective réalisée au sein du service d'Oncologie-Radiothérapie du CHU Mohamed VI de Marrakech sur une période de 13 ans. Le but de notre travail est de déterminer le profil épidémioclinique, thérapeutique, évolutif ainsi que les facteurs pronostiques de cette entité pathologique avec une revue de la littérature. Notre série comportait 13 patients, 10 hommes et 3 femmes, l’âge médian a été 20,8 ans. Le tableau clinique a été révélé par un syndrome d'hypertension intracrânienne (100%), associée à un syndrome cérébelleux (84%). La localisation était hémisphérique (31%) et vermio-hémisphérique (54%). 31% des patients ont bénéficié d'une exérèse chirurgicale totale. 85% des cas avaient une variante classique et 15% une variante desmoplasique. 30% des cas avaient été classés à «risque standard» et 70% à «haut risque». La chirurgie avait été complétée d'une radiothérapie de l'ensemble du névraxe selon la technique de «jonctions mobiles» dans tous les cas. Le délai moyen était de 73 jours. Une chimiothérapie adjuvante avait été réalisée chez 9 cas. Avec un recul moyen de 21.3 mois, l’évolution a été marquée par une récidive tumorale (4 cas), une toxicité auditive (6 cas) et des troubles cognitifs chez un cas. La prise en charge du médulloblastome doit être multidisciplinaire associant neurochirurgiens et oncologues radiothérapeutes. Cette collaboration est le seul garant d'une amélioration de son pronostic.
[Expression of B7-H3 costimulatory molecule in peripheral blood of myasthenia gravis patients].

AIM To reveal the clinical significance of B7-H3 costimulatory molecule in myasthenia gravis (MG) patients by analyzing membranous B7-H3 (mB7-H3) and soluble B7-H3 (sB7-H3) expressions. METHODS We collected peripheral blood samples of 35 MG patients and 44 health controls (HC) and detected the expression of mB7-H3 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using flow cytometry. ELISA was performed to analyze the levels of sB7-H3 in plasma samples from MG patients and HC. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the expressions of mB7-H3 on T lymphocytes, monocytes or B cells between MG patients and HC. However, the level of sB7-H3 from MG patients was (2.166±0.958) ng/mL, significantly lower than that from HC (3.379±0.768) ng/mL. The level of sB7-H3 in general MG (GMG) patients (1.664±0.699) ng/mL was lower than that in ocular MG (OMG) patients (2.396±0.985) ng/mL. In MG patients complicated with abnormal thymus, the level of sB7-H3 was (1.593±0.441) ng/mL, also lower than that in MG patients with normal thymus (2.364±1.014) ng/mL. In addition, a significant negative correlation was found between the levels of sB7-H3 and QMGS in MG patients (r=-0.4189, P=0.012), but sB7-H3 was not associated with mB7-H3 in MG patients. CONCLUSION In MG patients, down-regulation of sB7-H3 is finely correlated to the severity of the disease. Its different expression levels in various types of MG patients indicate that this costimulatory molecule may be involved in the immunopathogenesis of MG.
Development of a Monoclonal Antibody against Epstein‐Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen Leader Protein (EBNA‐LP) That Can Detect EBNA‐LP Expressed in P3HR1 Cells

A mouse monoclonal antibody, LP4D3, was raised against purified Epstein‐Barr virus nuclear antigen leader protein (EBNA‐LP) fused to glutathione‐S‐transferase. The antibody detected endogenous and exogenous EBNA‐LP in immunoblotting, immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation assays, and the epitope of the antibody was mapped in the W2 domain of EBNA‐LP. While another monoclonal antibody to EBNA‐LP, JF186, which is widely used for analyses of the viral protein, did not react with truncated forms of EBNA‐LP expressed in P3HR1 cells, as reported earlier, the LP4D3 antibody did. The LP4D3 antibody will be a useful tool for further studies of EBNA‐LP, especially investigations into the phenotypes of mutant EBNA‐LP expressed in P3HR1 cells.
Antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen prevent viral reactivation in recipients of liver grafts from anti-HBC positive donors

Background and aims: Liver donors with serological evidence of resolved hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) negative, anti-HBV core (HBc) positive) can transmit HBV infection to recipients. In the context of organ shortage, we investigated the efficacy of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) to prevent HBV infection, and assessed the infectious risk by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for HBV DNA on serum and liver tissue of anti-HBc positive donors. Patients: Between 1997 and 2000, 22 of 315 patients were transplanted with liver allografts from anti-HBc positive donors. Long term HBIG therapy was administered to 16 recipients. Four naive and two vaccinated patients received no prophylaxis. Results: Hepatitis B developed in the four HBV naive recipients without prophylaxis and in none of the vaccinated subjects. Among the 16 recipients receiving HBIG, one patient with residual anti-HBs titres below 50 UI/ml became HBsAg positive. The remaining 15 remained HBsAg negative and HBV DNA negative by PCR testing throughout a 20 month (range 4–39) follow up period. HBV DNA was detected by PCR in 1/22 donor serum, and in 11/21 liver grafts with normal histology. A mean of 12 months post-transplantation (range 1–23) HBV DNA was no longer detectable in graft biopsies from patients remaining HBsAg negative. Conclusion: Anti-HBs antibodies may control HBV replication in liver grafts from anti-HBc positive donors, without additional antiviral drugs. These grafts are thus suitable either to effectively vaccinated recipients or to those who are given HBIG to prevent HBV recurrence.
Efficacy and safety of the low-molecular weight heparin enoxaparin compared with unfractionated heparin across the acute coronary syndrome spectrum: a meta-analysis.

AIMS To determine whether the low-molecular weight heparin enoxaparin remains favourable when compared with unfractionated heparin (UFH) among patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) when incorporating efficacy and safety of these adjunctive therapies using a net clinical endpoint. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a meta-analysis of randomized trials of enoxaparin vs. UFH in ST-elevation-MI (STEMI) or non-ST-elevation-ACS (NSTEACS) (n = 49,088 patients in 12 trials). The net clinical endpoint was defined as death, MI, or major bleeding by 30 days. Death or myocardial infarction (MI) was significantly reduced with enoxaparin when compared with UFH (9.8 vs. 11.4%, OR 0.84, P < 0.001). The net clinical endpoint occurred less frequently with enoxaparin than UFH (12.5 vs. 13.5%, OR 0.90, P = 0.051). Major bleeding was higher with enoxaparin (4.3 vs. 3.4%, OR 1.25, P = 0.019). Among STEMI trials, the net clinical endpoint was significantly lower with enoxaparin (OR 0.84, P = 0.015), but there was no difference in NSTEACS trials (OR 0.97). CONCLUSIONS When compared with UFH, enoxaparin was associated with superior efficacy as adjunctive antithrombin therapy among >49 000 patients across the ACS spectrum. Although bleeding was increased with enoxaparin, this increase was offset by a reduction in death or MI. The net clinical benefit in favour of enoxaparin was evident among the STEMI population and was neutral among the NSTEACS population.
Effects of resource utilization monitoring in fault recovery

We develop a technique to reduce the time to perform online tests and diagnose faulty units and reduce the recovery time when a fault occurs in a system. A clue is given to the tester about possible faulty locations. Thus only a fraction of the resources within a system needs to be tested. This is accomplished by keeping track of the resources used by an application program when it executes. We demonstrate that a significant reduction in test time can be achieved, in particular for cache and memory subsystems. This technique can improve response time and meet more deadlines in soft real-time systems when the system employs online tests and recovery schemes. We develop this technique further and support our analysis using trace-driven simulation. We discuss ways to implement the resource utilization vector (RUV) scheme in a system, and show how the RUV scheme is used to improve the forward error recovery process. <<ETX>>
Importance of maintaining a low omega-6/omega-3 ratio for reducing platelet aggregation, coagulation and thrombosis

The idea that long-chain marine omega-3s can prevent cardiovascular disease is decades old. This idea began with the Greenland Inuit who were noted to have a lower risk of cardiovascular disease.1 Indeed, the Inuit, with their high intake of long-chain omega-3s, have been noted to have a lower platelet count, reduced platelet reactivity, prolonged bleeding times and a lower ratio of proaggregatory thromboxanes versus antiaggregatory prostacyclins.2 And it has been known for a long time that marine omega-3s (from salmon, mackerel, fish oil or cod liver oil) inhibit platelet aggregation. Clinical studies in humans clearly show that marine omega-3s provide antiplatelet effects. Indeed, a meta-analysis of 15 randomised controlled trials (RCT) in humans has confirmed that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) inhibit platelet aggregation.3 Marine omega-3 PUFAs also may help overcome aspirin resistance.4 In healthy borderline overweight men, 3 g of omega-3 PUFAs for 4 weeks lowered fibrinogen, thrombin and factor V levels; these benefits occurred mainly in those with high fibrinogen carrying alpha-chain fibrinogen polymorphism.5 Marine omega-3s also have the ability to reduce von Willebrand factor (vWF; a platelet activator factor), whole blood viscosity, and can improve red blood cell flexibility (deformability). 6 7 In a 5-week double-blind placebo-controlled study in 30 healthy subjects, 2.52 g/day of omega-3 PUFAs as compared with 1.26 g/day, significantly decreased plasma viscosity, red blood cell rigidity and systolic blood pressure.8 Thus, higher doses of marine omega-3 seem to be more effective antithrombotic benefits. One study in healthy adults found that fish oil (providing 6 g of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/day), but not vegetable oil, reduced platelet adhesiveness.9 In another study, supplementation with 3.6 g of omega-3 PUFA from fish oil reduced platelet aggregation, whereas 25 g of soy lecithin (providing 1.5 g omega-6, 0.5 g omega-3) increased …
Communicating in the real world: 3D MIMO

Spectrum efficiency has long been at the center of mobile communication research, development, and operation. Today it is even more so with the explosive popularity of the mobile Internet, social networks, and smart phones that are more powerful than our desktops used to be not long ago. The discovery of spatial multiplexing via multiple antennas in the mid-1990s has brought new hope to boosting data rates regardless of the limited bandwidth. To further realize the potential of spatial multiplexing, the next leap will be accounting for the three-dimensional real world in which electromagnetic waves propagate. In this article we discuss fundamentals and key technical issues in developing and realizing 3D multi-input multi-output technology for next generation mobile communications.
Polarized secretion of IGF‐I and IGF‐I binding protein activity by cultured aortic endothelial cells

Insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) secretion by the vascular endothelium has been proposed to play a role in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Because vascular smooth muscle cells are adjacent to the abluminal surface of the endothelium, we tested the hypothesis that secretion of IGF‐I by endothelial cells is polarized. Porcine aortic endothelial cells were cultured on permeable membranes and IGF‐I measured by radioimmunoassay. Basal secretion exceeded apical secretion by a ratio of 2.3 ± 0.2:1.0 (P < 0.05). We also identified 35 kDa IGF‐I binding protein activity that is preferentially secreted on the basal surface of endothelial cells. We conclude that both IGF‐I and IGF‐I binding protein activity secretion by endothelial cells is polarized towards the basal surface of the endothelium. A polarized secretion mechanism for IGF‐I may be of importance in the normal growth and differentiation of the vasculature as well as in the development of vascular pathology. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurochemical Features of the Autonomic Neurons Projecting to the Cremaster Muscle of the Boar

The cremaster muscle (CM) is a striated muscle showing some unusual features for ordinary striated muscles, in fact it receives, besides somatic innervation, a conspicuous autonomic sympathetic innervation. The autonomic neurons associated with the CM of 4 male intact pigs were typified combining the retrograde nontrans‐synaptic fluorescent tracer Fast Blue (FB) and double labeling immunohistochemical methods. We collected the L4 sympathetic trunk ganglion (STG), that our preliminary studies proved to contain the highest number (575.5 ± 152.93; mean ± S.E.M., n = 4) of FB+ sympathetic neurons projecting to CM. About half of the CM projecting neurons of this ganglion were catecholaminergic and showed the colocalization of Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) with Neuropeptide Y (NPY), Leu‐Enkephaline (LENK), Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP), Calcitonine Gene Related Peptide (CGRP), Substance P (SP), neuronal Nitric Oxyde Sinthase (n‐NOS), and Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter (VAChT). The noncatecholaminergic neurons were immunoreactive for all the other markers tested, even if in small percentages. The conspicuous and heterogeneous contribution of the sympathetic autonomic neurons to the muscle innervation is consistent with the hypothesis of a possible origin of the CM fibers by transdifferentiation of the smooth muscle‐like gubernaculum mesenchyma into striated myotubes, suggesting that the cremaster myogenesis is independent from that of the abdominal muscles. Anat Rec, 298:2091–2097, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii infections in aborted fetuses and stillborn calves

Coxiella burnetii infections are mostly subclinical in cattle, but can occasionally be associated with abortion. In the present study, 100 aborted fetuses or stillborn calves that were submitted for postmortem examination between September 2007 and March 2008 were examined for infection with C burnetii. Samples of both pooled fetal tissues and placental cotyledon were tested using a real-time PCR assay. In addition, the sections of placental cotyledon were examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The IHC of four placentas was positive. The PCR results of the IHC-positive placentas were high positive (HP); the PCR results of the organs of these four fetuses and calves varied from low positive (LP) to HP. The four IHC-positive fetuses had a gestation length of seven to nine months. All four placentas had histological signs of inflammation, but only one of four placentas had gross pathological signs of inflammation possibly due to a concomitant infection with Bacillus licheniformis. Five other IHC-negative placentas had (high) positive PCR results; the PCR results of the organs of these fetuses were LP or negative. The present study indicates that C burnetii infections are detected in a limited percentage of aborted fetuses and stillborn calves by IHC. To assess the importance of placentas with PCR-positive and IHC-negative test results, more research is needed.
Insurance by Government or Against Government? Overview of Public Risk Management Policies

In what contexts is it desirable that the government, rather than the private sector, takes on the role of an insurer and helps people reduce risks? Our discussion implies that while in a number of areas individuals benefit from well-designed insurance provided by their government, ill-designed public policies (for example existing pay-as-you-go pension systems) force individuals to insure against their government. It is further discussed how governments could improve their risk managing role in many areas by using income contingent loans, provided the country has high-quality institutions and governance. Such loans to artists, sportspeople, flood victims or collapsing financial institutions would replace the existing nonrepayable transfers, grants, subsidies and bailouts. Using a simple efficiency-equity-sustainability framework for comparing income contingent schemes with conventional public and private insurance policies, we document that this would enable governments to extend their insurance assistance to a greater number of people and institutions – in a way that is not only equitable but also efficient and fiscally sustainable.
Individual Variation in Migration Speed of Upriver‐Migrating Sockeye Salmon in the Fraser River in Relation to Their Physiological and Energetic Status at Marine Approach

Little research has examined individual variation in migration speeds of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in natural river systems or attempted to link migratory behavior with physiological and energetic status on a large spatial scale in the wild. As a model, we used three stocks of summer‐run sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from the Fraser River watershed, British Columbia, to test the hypothesis that individual variation in migration speed is determined by a combination of environmental factors (i.e., water temperature), intrinsic biological differences (sex and population), and physiological and energetic condition. Before the freshwater portion of the migration, sockeye salmon (Quesnel, Chilcotin, and Nechako stock complexes) were captured in Johnstone Strait (∼215 km from river entry), gastrically implanted with radio transmitters, and sampled for blood, gill tissue, and energetic status before release. Analyses focused solely on individuals that successfully reached natal subwatersheds. Migration speeds were assessed by an extensive radiotelemetry array. Individuals from the stock complex that migrated the longest distance (Nechako) traveled at speeds slower than those of other stock complexes. Females traveled slower than males. An elevated energetic status of fish in the ocean was negatively correlated with migration speed in most river segments. During the transition from the ocean to the river, migration speed was negatively correlated with mean maximum water temperature; however, for the majority of river segments, it was positively correlated with migration speed. Physiological status measured in the ocean did not explain among‐individual variability in river migration speeds. Collectively, these findings suggest that there could be extensive variation in migration behavior among individuals, sexes, and populations and that physiological condition in the ocean explained little of this variation relative to in‐river environmental conditions and energetic status. Interestingly, individual fish generally retained their rank in swimming speed across different segments, except when transiting a challenging canyon midway during the migration.
Genetic Restriction of HIV-1 Infection and Progression to AIDS by a Deletion Allele of the CKR5 Structural Gene

The chemokine receptor 5 (CKR5) protein serves as a secondary receptor on CD4+ T lymphocytes for certain strains of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1). The CKR5 structural gene was mapped to human chromosome 3p21, and a 32-base pair deletion allele (CKR5Δ32) was identified that is present at a frequency of ∼0.10 in the Caucasian population of the United States. An examination of 1955 patients included among six well-characterized acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cohort studies revealed that 17 deletion homozygotes occurred exclusively among 612 exposed HIV-1 antibody-negative individuals (2.8 percent) and not at all in 1343 HIV-1-infected individuals. The frequency of CKR5 deletion heterozygotes was significantly elevated in groups of individuals that had survived HIV-1 infection for more than 10 years, and, in some risk groups, twice as frequent as their occurrence in rapid progressors to AIDS. Survival analysis clearly shows that disease progression is slower in CKR5 deletion heterozygotes than in individuals homozygous for the normal CKR5 gene. The CKR5Δ32 deletion may act as a recessive restriction gene against HIV-1 infection and may exert a dominant phenotype of delaying progression to AIDS among infected individuals.
Gender dynamics and social relations of production in Humboldt’s marijuana industry

ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv INTRODUCTION 1 Commerce & Criminalization 2 The Scope of the Industry 3 The Male “Outlaw,” the Female Role, and Social Location 4 Essential Questions 6 Overview of the Commercial Marijuana Cultivation Industry: Indoor versus Outdoor and the Associated Roles 9 Chapter One: The Context of an Illegal Social Economy 14 Economies of Marijuana Production 14 Marijuana Culture 15 Historical Background 15 Relevant Legal Framework 16 Chapter Two: Review of the Literature: Intersectional Feminism, Identity, and Gender Construction in Marijuana Production 21 Gender Construction 24 Gendered Division of Labor in Rural Agricultural Communities 27 Identity Formation 31 Stigma Management 34 Coping Strategies 37
Enteral feeding of glycyl-glutamine dipeptide improves the structure and absorptive function of the small intestine after allogenetic liver transplantation in rats.

BACKGROUND Recipients of liver transplantation could have postoperative structural injury and declined absorptive function in the gastrointestinal tract. Glutamine (Gln) is a special nutrient of small intestinal mucosa and of various kinds of cells proliferating rapidly. But Gln could form a kind of poisonous pyroglutamic acid in water solution, which is the limitation of Gln in clinical practice. Glycyl-glutamine (Gly-Gln) is highly soluble and can be hydrolyzed to release glutamine. This study was undertaken to observe the effect of Gly-Gln dipeptide by enteral feeding on the intestinal structure and absorptive function after allogenetic liver transplantation in rats. METHODS Twelve male inbred Lewis rats were selected randomly as donors, and 24 male inbred BN rats as recipients of allogenetic liver transplantation. The recipients were also randomly divided into two groups: control group (ALA group, n=12) and experimental group (GLN group, n=12). In each group, 6 normal BN rats were sampled as the normal parameter on the 3rd preoperative day. The 6 recipients in the control group received alanine 0.6 g/kg daily for 3 days before operation and 7 days after operation by gastric perfusion, and the 6 recipients in the experimental group were given Gly-Gln 0.6 g/kg daily the same way. The 12 BN recipients underwent 3-day fasting (free access to water with 0.23% sodium chloride) and orthotopic liver transplantation in aseptic conditions and were given subcutaneous injection of CsA 2 mg/kg daily after the operation. The 12 BN recipients were sampled on the 8th postoperative day. All of the 24 BN rats were subjected to examination of mucosal structure, activities of Na+-K+-ATP and disaccharidase, and D-xylose absorption test. RESULTS The 12 BN recipients were alive after liver transplantation. On the 3rd preoperative day, mucosal structure, activities of Na+-K+-ATP and disaccharidase and D-xylose absorption in the two groups were not significantly different. On the 8th postoperative day, the parameters of the two groups were markedly changed compared with those on the 3rd preoperative day. However, the parameters of GLN group were remarkably higher than those of ALA group. CONCLUSION Enteral feeding of Gly-Gln could improve the structure and absorptive function of the small intestine after liver transplantation in rats.