Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MASS RATIO DETERMINATION FROM Hα LINES IN BLACK HOLE X-RAY TRANSIENTS

We find that the mass ratio q in quiescent black hole (BH) X-ray transients is tightly correlated with the ratio of the double-peak separation (DP) to the full width half maximum (FWHM) of the Hα emission line, log q = − 6.88 − 23.2 log ( DP / FWHM ) . This correlation is explained through the efficient truncation of the outer disk radius by the 3:1 resonance with the companion star. This is the dominant tidal interaction for extreme mass ratios q = M 2 / M 1 ≲ 0.25 , the realm of BH (and some neutron star) X-ray transients. Mass ratios can thus be estimated with a typical uncertainty of ≈32%, provided that the Hα profile used to measure DP/FWHM is an orbital phase average. We apply the DP/FWHM–q relation to the three faint BH transients XTE J1650–500, XTE J1859+226, and Swift J1357–0933 and predict q = 0.026 − 0.007 + 0.038 , 0.049 − 0.012 + 0.023 and 0.040 − 0.005 + 0.003 , respectively. This new relation, together with the FWHM – K 2 correlation presented in Paper I, allows the extraction of fundamental parameters from very faint targets and, therefore, the extension of dynamical BH studies to much deeper limits than was previously possible. As an example, we combine our mass ratio determination for Swift J1357–0933 with previous reported values to yield a BH mass of 12.4 ± 3.6 M⊙. This confirms Swift J1357–0933 as one of the most massive BH low-mass X-ray binaries in the Galaxy.
Examining dietary behaviours, diet quality, motives and supplementation use in physically active individuals following vegetarian‐based eating patterns

Abstract The adoption of vegetarian‐based dietary patterns among athletes has been gaining popularity. However, limited research examines the dietary behaviours within this group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine self‐reported dietary behaviours in a cohort of physically active individuals following vegetarian‐based dietary patterns, recruited via social media. A 52‐item online survey was created with questions related to demographics, physical activity, eating patterns and supplementation use. An external link to the Australian Automated Self‐Administered 24‐h (ASA24‐AU) recall was included to examine nutrient intakes. Dietary quality was assessed using the Alternate Healthy Eating Index‐2010 (AHEI‐2010) and the Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI) tools. A total of 781 (84.8%) respondents completed the survey in 2018. Principal motives for adhering to a vegetarian‐based dietary pattern included animal rights (86.5%), environmental concerns (75.4%), health reasons (69.6%) and improving physical performance (24.1%). Vitamin B12 was the most commonly reported supplement (58.1%) followed by protein powder (36.3%) and vitamin D (35.9%). A total of 133 respondents completed the ASA24‐AU dietary recall with generally adequate nutrient intakes and a high‐quality diet as assessed by the AHEI‐2010 and DPI. A significant minority of physically active individuals following vegetarian‐based diets do so with the aspiration of improving their exercise performance. Dietary quality was considered high in this group for recreational physical activity, although intakes of vitamin B12 and LC n‐3 PUFA were low.
Third-order effect in magnetic small-angle neutron scattering by a spatially inhomogeneous medium

Magnetic small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is a powerful tool for investigating nonuniform magnetization structures inside magnetic materials. Here, considering a ferromagnetic medium with weakly inhomogeneous uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, saturation magnetization, and exchange stiffness, we derive the second-order (in the amplitude of the inhomogeneities) micromagnetic solutions for the equilibrium magnetization textures and compute the corresponding magnetic SANS cross sections up to the next, third order. We find that in the case of perpendicular scattering (the incident neutron beam is perpendicular to the applied magnetic field) if twice the cross section along the direction orthogonal to both the field and the neutron beam is subtracted from the cross section along the field direction, the result has only a third-order contribution (the lower-order terms are canceled). This difference does not depend on the amplitude of the exchange inhomogeneities and provides a separate gateway for a deeper analysis of the sample's magnetic structure. We derive and analyze analytical expressions for the dependence of this combination on the scattering-vector magnitude for the case of spherical Gaussian inhomogeneities.
Dense Particle Clouds in Laboratory Experiments in Context of Drafting and Streaming Instability

The streaming instability, as an example of instabilities driven by particle feedback on a gas flow, has been proven to have a major role in controlling the formation of planetesimals. These instabilities in protoplanetary disks occur at the transition from being gas-dominated to being dust and ice particle dominated. Here, we present experiments to approach this situation in the laboratory for particles in the Knudsen flow regime. In these experiments, we observe a particle cloud trapped for about 30 s in a rotating system under Earth’s gravity. For average dust-to-gas ratios up to 0.08, particles behave like individual test particles. Their sedimentation speed is identical to that of a single free-falling particle, even in locally denser regions. However, for higher dust-to-gas ratios, the motion of particles becomes sensitive to clumping. Particles in locally denser regions now sediment faster. Their sedimentation speed then depends linearly on the overall dust-to-gas ratio. This clearly shows a transition from tracerlike behavior to collective behavior. Beyond these findings, these types of experiments can now be used as a gauge to test particle feedback models in astrophysical hydrocodes, which are currently used for numerical simulations of streaming instabilities.
Pulsed thermal deposition of binary and ternary transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers and heterostructures

Application of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) in photonic, optoelectronic or valleytronic devices requires the growth of continuous monolayers, heterostructures and alloys of different materials in a single process. We present a facile pulsed thermal deposition method which provides precise control over layer thickness and stoichiometry of two-dimensional systems. The versatility of the method is demonstrated on ternary monolayers of Mo$_{1-x}$W$_{x}$S$_{2}$ and on heterostructures combining metallic TaS$_{2}$ and semiconducting MoS$_{2}$ layers. The fabricated ternary monolayers cover the entire composition range of $x$ = 0.1 without phase separation. Band gap engineering and control over the spin-orbit coupling strength is demonstrated by absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Vertical heterostructures are grown without intermixing. The formation of clean and atomically abrupt interfaces is evidenced by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Since both the metal components as well as the chalcogenides are thermally evaporated complex alloys and heterostructures can thus be prepared.
Clinical outcomes and lung mechanics characteristics between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: a propensity score analysis of two major randomized trials

Objective To compare the lung mechanics and outcomes between COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome and non-COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome. Methods We combined data from two randomized trials in acute respiratory distress syndrome, one including only COVID-19 patients and the other including only patients without COVID-19, to determine whether COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome is associated with higher 28-day mortality than non-COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome and to examine the differences in lung mechanics between these two types of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Results A total of 299 patients with COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome and 1,010 patients with non-COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome were included in the main analysis. The results showed that non-COVID-19 patients used higher positive end-expiratory pressure (12.5cmH2O; SD 3.2 versus 11.7cmH2O SD 2.8; p < 0.001), were ventilated with lower tidal volumes (5.8mL/kg; SD 1.0 versus 6.5mL/kg; SD 1.2; p < 0.001) and had lower static respiratory compliance adjusted for ideal body weight (0.5mL/cmH2O/kg; SD 0.3 versus 0.6mL/cmH2O/kg; SD 0.3; p = 0.01). There was no difference between groups in 28-day mortality (52.3% versus 58.9%; p = 0.52) or mechanical ventilation duration in the first 28 days among survivors (13 [IQR 5 - 22] versus 12 [IQR 6 - 26], p = 0.46). Conclusion This analysis showed that patients with non-COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome have different lung mechanics but similar outcomes to COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. After propensity score matching, there was no difference in lung mechanics or outcomes between groups.
Dust Coagulation Regulated by Turbulent Clustering in Protoplanetary Disks

The coagulation of dust particles is a key process in planetesimal formation. However, the radial drift and bouncing barriers are not completely resolved, especially for silicate dust. Since the collision velocities of dust particles are regulated by turbulence in a protoplanetary disk, turbulent clustering should be properly treated. To that end, direct numerical simulations (DNSs) of the Navier–Stokes equations are requisite. In a series of papers, Pan & Padoan used a DNS with Reynolds number Re ∼ 1000. Here, we perform DNSs with up to Re = 16,100, which allow us to track the motion of particles with Stokes numbers of 0.01 ≲ St ≲ 0.2 in the inertial range. Through the DNSs, we confirm that the rms relative velocity of particle pairs is smaller by more than a factor of two, compared to that by Ormel & Cuzzi. The distributions of the radial relative velocities are highly non-Gaussian. The results are almost consistent with those by Pan & Padoan or Pan et al. at low Re. Also, we find that the sticking rates for equal-sized particles are much higher than those for different-sized particles. Even in the strong-turbulence case with α-viscosity of 10−2, the sticking rates are as high as ≳50% and the bouncing probabilities are as low as ∼10% for equal-sized particles of St ≲ 0.01. Thus, turbulent clustering plays a significant role in the growth of centimeter-sized compact aggregates (pebbles) and also enhances the solid abundance, which may lead to the streaming instability in a disk.
HATS-22b, HATS-23b and HATS-24b: three new transiting super-Jupiters from the HATSouth project

We report the discovery of three moderately high-mass transiting hot Jupiters from the HATSouth survey: HATS-22b, HATS-23b and HATS-24b. These planets add to the number of known planets in the similar to 2MJ regime. HATS-22b is a 2.74 +/- 0.11MJ mass and 0.953(-0.029)(+0.048) R-J radius planet orbiting a V = 13.455 +/- 0.040 sub-solar mass (M-* = 0.759 +/- 0.019M(circle dot); R-* = 0.759 +/- 0.019 R-circle dot) K-dwarf host star on an eccentric (e = 0.079 +/- 0.026) orbit. This planet's high planet-to-stellar mass ratio is further evidence that migration mechanisms for hot Jupiters may rely on exciting orbital eccentricities that bring the planets closer to their parent stars followed by tidal circularization. HATS-23b is a 1.478 +/- 0.080M(J) mass and 1.69 +/- 0.24 R-J radius planet on a grazing orbit around a V = 13.901 +/- 0.010 G-dwarf with properties very similar to those of the Sun (M* = 1.115 +/- 0.054; R-* = 1.145 +/- 0.070). HATS24b orbits a moderately bright V = 12.830 +/- 0.010 F-dwarf star (M-* = 1.218 +/- 0.036M circle dot; R-* = 1.194(-0.041)(+0.066) R circle dot). This planet has a mass of 2.39+0.21 -0.12MJ and an inflated radius of 1.516(-0.065)(+0.085) R-J.
Distributed Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Formation–Containment Control With Prescribed Performance for Heterogeneous Multiagent Systems

This article proposes a distributed adaptive fault-tolerant formation–containment control with prescribed performance for heterogeneous multiagent systems (MASs) consisting of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) in the presence of actuator faults. First, utilizing the neighborhood formation error information, the distributed fault-tolerant formation control strategy is developed for the trajectory dynamics of each UAV to achieve the formation tracking, that is, all UAVs track the virtual leader and perform the prespecified formation configuration. Then, the adaptive fault-tolerant containment algorithm, independent of the positions of the leaders, is proposed to guarantee the UGVs converge to the convex hull formed by the leader UAVs. The adaptive estimation scheme is constructed to compensate for the unknown system parameters and actuator loss-of-effectiveness and bias faults. The formation–containment tracking performance is analyzed based on Lyapunov theory with the synchronization errors satisfying the prescribed performance. A simulation example based on UAVs–UGVs systems is adopted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Non-Spherical Models of Neutron Stars

G [4, 5, 6, 7]. Standard models for neutron stars traditionally assume thatthese objects are perfect spheres whose properties are described, in the frameworkof general relativity theory, by the well-known Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoﬀ (TOV)equation [8, 9]. The TOV equation is a simple ﬁrst-order diﬀerential equation whichcan be solved with little numerical eﬀort (see, for instance, Refs. [10, 11]). The assumption of perfect spherical symmetry may not be correct. It is knownthat magnetic ﬁelds are present in all neutron stars. In particular, if the magneticﬁeld is strong (up to around 10
Dust masses of z > 5 galaxies from SED fitting and ALMA upper limits

We aim at constraining the dust mass in high-redshift ($z\gtrsim 5$) galaxies using the upper limits obtained by ALMA in combination with the rest-frame UV--optical spectral energy distributions (SEDs). For SED fitting, because of degeneracy between dust extinction and stellar age, we focus on two extremes: continuous star formation (Model A) and instantaneous star formation (Model B). We apply these models to Himiko (as a representative UV-bright object) and a composite SED of $z>5$ Lyman break galaxies (LBGs). For Himiko, Model A requires a significant dust extinction, which leads to a high dust temperature $>70$ K for consistency with the ALMA upper limit. This high dust temperature puts a strong upper limit on the total dust mass $M_\mathrm{d}\lesssim 2\times 10^6$ M$_{\odot}$, and the dust mass produced per supernova (SN) $m_\mathrm{d,SN}\lesssim 0.1$ M$_{\odot}$. Such a low $m_\mathrm{d,SN}$ suggests significant loss of dust by reverse shock destruction or outflow, and implies that SNe are not the dominant source of dust at high $z$. Model B allows $M_\mathrm{d}\sim 2\times 10^7$ M$_{\odot}$ and $m_\mathrm{d,SN}\sim 0.3$ M$_{\odot}$. } We could distinguish between Models A and B if we observe Himiko at {wavelength $ 5$, but this only puts an upper limit for $m_\mathrm{d,SN}$ as $\sim 2$ M$_{\odot}$. This clarifies the importance of observing UV-bright objects (like Himiko) to constrain the dust production by SNe.
What do people write about COVID-19 and teaching, publicly? Insulators and threats to newly habituated and institutionalized practices for instruction

Covid represents major changes in teaching across the world. This study examined some of those changes through tweets that contained threats and insulators to habitualization of newer teaching practices. The investigator harvested tweets to determine sentiment differences between teaching and schools and teaching and online. Topic modeling explored the topics in two separate corpora. Omnibus Yuen’s robust bootstrapped t-tests tested for sentiment differences between the two corpora based on emotions such as fear, anger, disgust, etc. Qualitative responses voiced ideas of insulation and threats to teaching modalities institutionalized during the pandemic. The investigator found that ‘teaching and school’ was associated with higher anger, distrust, and negative emotions than ‘teaching and online’ corpus sets. Qualitative responses indicated support for online instruction, albeit complicated by topic modeling concerns with the modality. Some twitter responses criticized government actions as restrictive. The investigator concluded that insulation and threats towards habitualization and institutionalization of newer teaching modalities during covid are rich and sometimes at odds with each other, showing tension at times.
DArTSeq SNP-based genetic diversity and population structure studies among taro [(Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] accessions sourced from Nigeria and Vanuatu

Taro is a valuable staple food crop among resource-poor rural people in countries such as Nigeria and Ghana, among others. Characterization of genetic diversity is a prerequisite for proper management of breeding programs and conservation of genetic resources. Two hundred seventy one taro accessions obtained from Nigeria and Vanuatu were genotyped using DArTseq-based SNP markers with the objectives of investigating the genetic diversity and population structure. In the analysis, 10,391 SNP markers were filtered from the sequence and used. The analysis revealed higher transition than transversion types of SNPs in the ratio of 1.43:1. The polymorphism ranged from 0.26 to 0.29 for the markers, indicating moderate genetic diversity. A model-based Bayesian clustering analysis of taro accessions yielded five subgroups and revealed the admixture situation in 19.19% of all accessions in the study. Vanuatu taro accessions exhibited more genetic diversity than Nigerian taro accessions. The population diversity estimate (PhiPt) was relatively higher (0.52) for accessions originating from Vanuatu than for Nigerian accessions. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that most variation existed among individuals within a population at 52%. Nei’s genetic distance showed that relatedness is based on geographical proximity. Collection of taro genetic resources should give more emphasis to within regions to utilize diversity in taro breeding program. This study also demonstrated the efficiency of DArTseq-based SNP genotyping for large-scale genome analysis in taro. The genotypic markers provided in this study are useful for association mapping studies.
Wide-field variability survey of the globular cluster NGC 4833

Abstract We present preliminary results of the variability survey in the field of the globular cluster NGC 4833. We observed all 34 variable stars known in the cluster. In addition, we have found two new SX Phoenicis stars, one new RR Lyrae star, twelve new eclipsing systems mostly of the W Ursae Majoris type, nine new variable red giants, and ten new field-stars showing irregular variations. Properties of RR Lyrae stars indicate that NGC 4833 is an Oosterhoff's type II globular cluster.
Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Changes Relate to Gait Issues in Parkinson’s Disease

ABSTRACT: Background: Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) demonstrates elevated iron content in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients within the basal ganglia, though it has infrequently been studied in relation to gait difficulties including freezing of gait (FOG). Our purpose was to relate QSM of basal ganglia and extra-basal ganglia structures with qualitative and quantitative gait measures in PD. Methods: This case–control study included PD and cognitively unimpaired (CU) participants from the Comprehensive Assessment of Neurodegeneration and Dementia study. Whole brain QSM was acquired at 3T. Region of interests (ROIs) were drawn blinded manually in the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus, red nucleus, substantia nigra, and dentate nucleus. Susceptibilities of ROIs were compared between PD and CU. Items from the FOG questionnaire and quantitative gait measures from PD participants were compared to susceptibilities. Results: Twenty-nine participants with PD and 27 CU participants were included. There was no difference in susceptibility values in any ROI when comparing CU versus PD (p > 0.05 for all). PD participants with gait impairment (n = 23) had significantly higher susceptibility in the putamen (p = 0.008), red nucleus (p = 0.01), and caudate nucleus (p = 0.03) compared to those without gait impairment (n = 6). PD participants with FOG (n = 12) had significantly higher susceptibility in the globus pallidus (p = 0.03) compared to those without FOG (n = 17). Among quantitative gait measures, only stride time variability was significantly different between those with and without FOG (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Susceptibilities in basal ganglia and extra-basal ganglia structures are related to qualitative measures of gait impairment and FOG in PD.
Rectification of asymmetric surface vibrations with dry friction: An exactly solvable model

of dynamic friction and singular dry friction. We derive an exact solution of the stationary Kolmogorov-Feller (KF) equation in the case of two-sided exponentially distributed amplitudes. The stationary density of the velocity exhibits singular features such as a discontinuity and a delta-peak singularity at zero velocity, and also contains contributions from non-integrable solutions of the KF equation. The mean velocity in our model generally varies non-monotonically as the strength of the dry friction is increased, indicating that transport improves for increased dissipation.
VieCap4H-VLSP 2021: ObjectAoA - Enhancing performance of Object Relation Transformer with Attention on Attention for Vietnamese image captioning

Image captioning is currently a challenging task that requires the ability to both understand visual information and use human language to describe this visual information in the image. In this paper, we propose an efficient way to improve the image understanding ability of transformer-based method by extending Object Relation Transformer architecture with Attention on Attention mechanism. Experiments on the VieCap4H dataset show that our proposed method significantly outperforms its original structure on both the public test and private test of the Image Captioning shared task held by VLSP.