Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Better learning, better doctors, better delivery system: Possibilities from a case study of longitudinal integrated clerkships

Interest in longitudinal integrated clerkships (LICs) as an alternative to traditional block rotations is growing worldwide. Leaders in medical education and those who seek physician workforce development believe that “educational continuity” affords benefits to medical students and benefits for under-resourced settings. The model has been recognized as effective for advancing student learning of science and clinical practice, enhancing the development of students’ professional role, and supporting workforce goals such as retaining students for primary care and rural and remote practice. Education leaders have created multiple models of LICs to address these and other educational and health system imperatives. This article compares three successful longitudinal integrated clinical education programs with attention to the case for change, the principles that underpin the educational design, the structure of the models, and outcome data from these educational redesign efforts. By translating principles of the learning sciences into educational redesign efforts, LICs address the call to improve medical student learning and potential and advance the systems in which they will work as doctors.
Efficient Equilibrium Unemployment

A simple model of production with heterogenous ability is developed. The median ability of employed workers is linked to the production elasticity of labor, causing an externality for individual firms. Due to this externality, an equilibrium allocation with a moderate level of unemployment is efficient. Under suitable lump sum redistribution of income, this allocation is Pareto-superior to the full employment allocation. The model implies an anticyclical labor share, i. e. positive comovement between the unemployment rate and the labor share. Empirical evidence supports this model implication under alternative assumptions on the order of integration of the time series.
Glucose-specific regulation of aldose reductase in capan-1 human pancreatic duct cells In vitro.

Impaired pancreatic duct secretion is frequently observed in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), although the cellular mechanism(s) of dysfunction remains unknown. Studies in other tissues have suggested that a hyperglycemia-induced decrease in Na, K-ATPase activity could contribute to the metabolic complications of IDDM and that increased polyol metabolism is involved in this response. The present studies examined the effects of glucose on Na, K-ATPase activity and on expression and activity of aldose reductase (AR), a primary enzyme of polyol metabolism, in Capan-1 human pancreatic duct cells. Increasing medium glucose from 5.5 to 22 mM caused a 29% decrease in Na,K-ATPase activity. The decrease was corrected by 100 microM sorbinil, a specific AR inhibitor. Increasing glucose from 5.5 to 110 mM also resulted in concentration-dependent increases in AR mRNA and enzyme activity that could be resolved into two components, one that was glucose specific and observed at pathophysiological concentrations (< 55 mM) and a second that was osmotically induced at high concentrations (> 55 mM) and which was not glucose specific. The present study demonstrates that pathophysiological levels of glucose specifically activate polyol metabolism with a consequent decrease in Na,K-ATPase activity in pancreatic duct epithelial cells, and that this response to hyperglycemia could contribute to decreased pancreatic secretion observed in IDDM. This is the first report of AR regulation in the pancreatic duct epithelium.
Generation of a reproducible nutrient‐depleted biofilm of Escherichia coli and Burkholderia cepacia

An in vitro method of growing bacteria as a defined nutrient‐depleted biofilm is proposed. The medium was defined nutritionally in terms of the quantitative composition and by the total amount of nutrient required to achieve a defined population size. Escherichia coli and Burkholderia cepacia were incubated on a filter support placed on a defined volume of solid medium. The change of biomass of the biofilm population was compared with the change in a planktonic culture. The size of the population in stationary phase was proportional to the concentration of limiting substrate up to 40 μmol cm−2 glucose for E. coli and up to 2·7 × 10−9 mol cm−2 iron for B. cepacia. Escherichia coli growing exponentially had a growth rate of μ = 0·30 h−1 in a biofilm and μ = 0·96 h−1 in planktonic culture. The growth rate, μ, for exponentially growing B. cepacia in a biofilm was 1·12 h−1 and in planktonic culture 0·78 h−1. This method allows the limitation of the size of a biofilm population to a chosen value.
Effect of Distance from Curing Light Tip to Restoration Surface on Depth of Cure of Composite Resin

Aims While light-activating composite resins, the light tip may not always be close to the surface of the restoration. This may be intentional in an attempt to create a ramp cure. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a range of separation distances between the light tip and the restoration surface on the depth of composite cure for different types of light-curing units with a broad range of outputs. Methods Three halogen light units, one plasma arc-curing (PAC) light unit and two light-emitting diode (LED) curing lights in clinical use were tested, and a total of 570 restorations cured in a two-part human tooth model at separations ranging from 0 to 15 mm. The tooth was disassembled and depth of cure determined using the scrape test ISO 4049. Light intensity was also measured at each separation distance for each light. Results The depth of cure was generally found to decrease as the separation distance increased for all lights at the various cure times. However, the effect of increasing the separation distance was less than anticipated. The depth of cure was also related to the light output. Conclusions Depth of composite cure was directly related to intensity and duration of light exposure and inversely related to distance of the light source from the surface for halogen and plasma lights. However, the effect of increasing the separation distance up to 15 mm was less than expected. Altering the separation distance in order to modify the polymerisation characteristics is unlikely to be effective.
Comparative validity of the Adult Attachment Interview and the Adult Attachment Projective

The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) and the Adult Attachment Projective (AAP) purport to measure the same attachment classifications. The aims of this study were to determine the concurrent validity of the AAI and AAP, and to compare their ability to predict indicators of risk associated with socioeconomic status (SES), depression, and 5-HTTLPR genotype. Results indicated no agreement between AAI and AAP attachment classifications in a sample of late adolescents. As predicted, individuals classified as “unresolved” with regard to loss or trauma were significantly more likely to be of lower SES, have higher levels of depression, and have the 5-HTTLPR “ss” genotype than individuals with secure, preoccupied, or dismissing attachments. These associations, however, were only significant when attachment was classified with the AAI. Results suggest that the AAI and AAP measure different facets of attachment as a result of their unique methodologies and coding criteria. Further research is needed to support their comparability before investigators can assume that the AAP is a valid substitute for the AAI.
Reclassification of Thiobacillus aquaesulis (Wood & Kelly, 1995) as Annwoodia aquaesulis gen. nov., comb. nov., transfer of Thiobacillus (Beijerinck, 1904) from the Hydrogenophilales to the Nitrosomonadales, proposal of Hydrogenophilalia class. nov. within the 'Proteobacteria', and four new families

The genus Thiobacillus comprises four species with validly published names, of which Thiobacillus aquaesulis DSM 4255T (=ATCC 43788T) is the only species that can grow heterotrophically or mixotrophically - the rest being obligate autotrophs - and has a significant metabolic difference in not producing tetrathionate during the oxidation of thiosulfate during autotrophic growth. On the basis of this and differential chemotaxonomic properties and a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.4 % to the type species Thiobacillus thioparus DSM 505T, we propose that it is moved to a novel genus, Annwoodia gen. nov., for which the type species is Annwoodia aquaesulis gen. nov., comb. nov. We confirm that the position of the genus Thiobacillus in the Betaproteobacteria falls within the Nitrosomonadales rather than the Hydrogenophilales as previously proposed. Within the Nitrosomonadales we propose the circumscription of genera to form the Thiobacilliaceae fam. nov. and the Sterolibacteriaceae fam. nov. We propose the merging of the family Methylophilaceae into the Nitrosomonadales, and that the Sulfuricellaceae be merged into the Gallionellaceae, leaving the orders Methylophilales and Sulfuricellales defunct. In the Rhodocyclales we propose the Azonexaceae fam. nov. and the Zoogloeaceae fam. nov. We also reject the Hydrogenophilales from the Betaproteobacteria on the basis of a very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the class-proper as well as physiological properties, forming the Hydrogenophilalia class. nov. in the 'Proteobacteria'. We provide emended descriptions of Thiobacillus, Hydrogenophilales, Hydrogenophilaceae, Nitrosomonadales, Gallionellaceae, Rhodocyclaceae and the Betaproteobacteria.
Effect of NXY-059, a novel neuroprotectant, on the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of digoxin in healthy subjects

ABSTRACT Objective: NXY-059 is a novel free-radical trapping neuroprotectant. Digoxin treatment is common in acute ischaemic stroke, the intended patient population for NXY‑059. Since both digoxin and NXY‑059 are eliminated primarily renally, with a substantial contribution by active renal secretion, and because digoxin has a narrow therapeutic window, this open, randomised, crossover, two-period study investigated whether NXY‑059 affects the pharmacokinetics (PK) of digoxin. Research design and methods: Twenty-two healthy subjects received 0.5 mg oral digoxin 2 h after the start of 60‑h intravenous infusions of NXY‑059 and placebo separated by a 14-day washout. Blood and urine were collected for 60 h. Digoxin concentrations were measured by a novel liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry assay. Main outcome measures: The ratio of the geometric mean (90% confidence interval) between NXY‑059 and placebo for the digoxin area under the concentration-versus-time curve was 0.91 (0.83–0.99) and was within the predefined range for no interaction (0.80–1.25). No safety concerns were raised in the study. No serious adverse events were recorded. The most common adverse event was headache with similar frequencies in the two treatments. Conclusions: NXY‑059 had no clinically significant effect on the PK of digoxin.
Risk Factors for Breast Cancer among Jordanian Women: A Case-control Study

Background: The interaction between inherited mutated genes and environmental factors is believed to play a crucial role in cancer development. The main aim was to identify lifestyle-related risk factors for breast cancer among Jordanian women. Methods: A hospital-based multicenter case-control study was conducted in Jordan in 2016. Overall, 405 cases and 418 controls, in 3 large hospitals where cancer patients are treated, participated. The prevalence of individual and groups of cancer-related risk factors was estimated descriptively using percentages and odd ratios with their correlated 95% Confidence interval (CI). The predictors of the occurrence of breast cancer were determined using logistic regression to estimate unadjusted association and adjusted association. Results: Women in the case group (mean=49.2 yr, SD 10.2) were older than those in the control group (mean=45.9, SD 10.9). Physical activity (sufficiently active) (OR=2.76; 95% CI=1.96–3.87) and fruit and vegetable intake (good or optimal) (OR=1.71 95% CI=1.25–2.35) were found to be associated with reduced breast cancer risk. However, calcium intake (>3 times a week) (OR=0.51; 95% CI=0.34–0.77) was associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Conclusion: Lifestyle risk factors were identified, and certain modifications to lifestyle are needed. Women’s awareness of these factors should be raised through appropriate channels, as a priority of the health authorities. Increasing the amount of high-quality research in this area remains one of the best ways to fight breast cancer, reducing its incidence and associated morbidities.
Limb blastema cell: A stem cell for morphological regeneration

The limb blastema cell, which is a major source of mesenchymal components in the limb regenerate, serves as a stem cell that possesses an undifferentiated state and multipotency. A remarkable property of the limb blastema cell can be seen in its capability for morphogenesis. Elucidation of the molecular basis for morphological regeneration is essential for success in organ regeneration in humans, and characterization of limb blastema cells will provide many insights into how to create three‐dimensional morphology during the regeneration process. In this review, we deal with positional memory, a key trait of the limb blastema cell in regard to morphological regeneration, making reference to classic surgical experiments, comparative descriptions of limb and fin blastemas, and genetic/epigenetic regulation of gene transcription. Urodele amphibians, anuran amphibians, and teleosts are likely to share fundamental mechanisms for morphological regeneration, but there are several differences in the process of regeneration, including the epigenetic conditions. Accumulation of knowledge of the molecular mechanisms and epigenetic modifications of gene activation in morphological regeneration of the model organisms for which an overview is provided in this review will lead to successful stimulation of regenerative capacity in amniotes, which only have a limited capability for morphological regeneration.
Can effective housing management policies address anti-social behaviour?

This bulletin is based on AHURI project 40163 Developing effective housing management policies to address problems of anti-social behaviour. “Copyright 1970 AHURI Limited. Published version of the paper reproduced here with permission from the publisher. ” This is the publisher's copryight version of this article, the original can be found at: http://www.ahuri. edu.au/research/research-and-policy-bulletins/38
Interpretation of positron emission mammography and MRI by experienced breast imaging radiologists: performance and observer reproducibility.

OBJECTIVE In preparation for a multicenter trial of positron emission mammography (PEM) and MRI in women with newly diagnosed cancer, the two purposes of this study were to validate training of breast imagers in standardized interpretation of PEM and to validate performance of the same specialists interpreting MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 2-hour didactic module was developed to train Mammography Quality Standards Act-qualified radiologist observers to interpret PEM images, consisting of a sample feature analysis lexicon analogous to BI-RADS and 12 sample cases. Observers were then asked to review separate interpretive skills tasks for PEM (49 breasts, 20 [41%] of which were malignant) and MRI (32 breasts, 11 [34%] of which were malignant), describe findings, and give assessments analogous to BI-RADS (category 1, 2, 3, 4A, 4B, 4C, or 5). Demographic experience variables were collected for 36 observers from 15 sites. Performance against histopathologic truth was determined, and interobserver agreement for classifying features and final assessments was evaluated using kappa statistics. RESULTS Across 36 observers, mean sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) for PEM were 96% (range, 75-100%), 84% (range, 66-97%), and 0.95 (range, 0.82-1.0), respectively. Mean sensitivity, specificity, and AUC for the MRI task were 82% (range, 45-100%), 67% (range, 38-91%), and 0.80 (range, 0.48-0.96), respectively. Interobserver agreement for PEM findings ranged from moderate to substantial, with kappa values of 0.57 for lesion type and 0.63 for final assessments. CONCLUSION With minimal training, experienced breast imagers showed high performance in interpreting PEM images. Performance in MRI interpretation by the same observers validated expected clinical practice.
Comparative assessment of proposals to amend the personal income tax law

Proposals to reform the personal income tax have gained prominence in recent months. To date, personal income tax reform is part and parcel of the platform of a number of the candidates in the 2016 presidential elections. This paper aims to evaluate the various proposals in both houses of Congress to amend the existing personal income legislation. Proposals to amend the personal income tax schedule appear to be well-justified from the perspective of (i) the need to eliminate the bracket creep and (ii) easing the tax burden on Filipino personal income taxpayers relative to their ASEAN neighbors. In terms of the progressivity of the personal income tax, all of the proposals to amend the personal income tax are progressive. However, two of the proposals, SB 2149 and HB 4829, are less progressive than the existing rate structure. In terms of revenue yield, all of the proposals are estimated to have a negative impact on government revenue. The projected revenue loss from proposals to restructure the personal income tax is best seen in the context of the government's overall revenue and tax effort. Fiscal prudence dictates that new revenue measures be found to compensate for the projected revenue loss that will arise as a result of the implementation of any one of the various proposals to restructure the personal income tax. Thus, the questions that beg to be asked is: What new revenue measure or combination of measures will allow government to recover the revenue loss from the new personal income tax structure? Possibilities include increasing the VAT rate, excise tax on petroleum products, and road user's tax.
Lethal Effects of Steep Pulsed Electric Field (SPEF) to Target Lymphatic Capillaries in VX2Implanted Breast Cancer of Rabbits

This paper discussed the lethal effects of steep pulsed electric field (SPEF) to target lymphatic capillaries in VX2 implanted breast cancer of rabbits using methylene blue dye injection staining, 5'-AMP-ALPase enzyme histochemical double staining, electron microscopy and VEGF-C observations. The result of methylene blue dye perfusion showed that the edge of tumor treated with SPEF was indistinct, no circularity or liner structure. Enzyme histochemical staining examination displayed that no positive staining was found in SPEF-target region of breast tumor, and lymphatic capillaries presented piecemeal structure in the edge of target region. Transmission electron microscopic examination showed that the continuity and integrality of lymphatic capillaries in tumor were destroyed after the treatment of SPEF. The expression of VEGF-C decreased markedly. The experiment indicated that SPEF induced the severe destruction of tumor cell and lymphatic capillaries in target region, and inhibited proliferation of lymphatic. Therefore it can decrease the possibility of lymphatic metastasis
Return Of Bleichenbacher's Oracle Threat (ROBOT)

In 1998 Bleichenbacher presented an adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack on the RSA PKCS #1 v1.5 padding scheme. The attack exploits the availability of a server which responds with different messages based on the ciphertext validity. This server is used as an oracle and allows the attacker to decrypt RSA ciphertexts. Given the importance of this attack, countermeasures were defined in TLS and other cryptographic standards using RSA PKCS #1 v1.5. We perform the first large-scale evaluation of Bleichenbacher's RSA vulnerability. We show that this vulnerability is still very prevalent in the Internet and affected almost a third of the top 100 domains in the Alexa Top 1 Million list, including Facebook and Paypal. We identified vulnerable products from nine different vendors and open source projects, among them F5, Citrix, Radware, Palo Alto Networks, IBM, and Cisco. These implementations provide novel side-channels for constructing Bleichenbacher oracles: TCP resets, TCP timeouts, or duplicated alert messages. In order to prove the importance of this attack, we have demonstrated practical exploitation by signing a message with the private key of facebook.com's HTTPS certificate. Finally, we discuss countermeasures against Bleichenbacher attacks in TLS and recommend to deprecate the RSA encryption key exchange in TLS and the RSA PKCS #1 v1.5 standard.
Instrumentation for in vivo ultrasonic characterization of bone strength

Although it has been more than 20 years since the first recorded use of a quantitative ultrasound (QUS) technology to predict bone fragility, the field has not yet reached its maturity. QUS has the potential to predict fracture risk in several clinical circumstances and has the advantages of being nonionizing, inexpensive, portable, highly acceptable to patients, and repeatable. However, the wide dissemination of QUS in clinical practice is still limited and suffering from the absence of clinical consensus on how to integrate QUS technologies in bone densitometry armamentarium. Several critical issues need to be addressed to develop the role of QUS within rheumatology. These include issues of technologies adapted to measure the central skeleton, data acquisition, and signal processing procedures to reveal bone properties beyond bone mineral quantity and elucidation of the complex interaction between ultrasound and bone structure. This article reviews the state-of-the-art in technological developments applied to assess bone strength in vivo. We describe generic measurement and signal processing methods implemented in clinical ultrasound devices, the devices and their practical use, and performance measures. The article also points out the present limitations, especially those related to the absence of standardization, and the lack of comprehensive theoretical models. We conclude with suggestions of future lines and trends in technology challenges and research areas such as new acquisition modes,, advanced signal processing techniques, and modelization.
Network News Coverage of Congress

During the last decade, social scientists, pollsters, and journalists have attributed to network news coverage of Congress a remarkable assortment of political maladies. Among those things for which television has been "blamed" are: the increasing domination by the Senate of the presidential recruitment process;1 the decline in public trust and respect for the Congress as a whole;2 the growing reliance upon the Senate for providing policy innovation in Congress;3 the weakening of congressional leadership;4 and the trivialization of committee hearings. 5 What makes this collection of allegations more remarkable is the fact that the networks still cannot televise Congress from the floor, either during deliberation or voting. All these alleged "effects" are the presumed consequences of the attention given Congress on the network evening news.6 Perhaps the most striking aspect concerning television and Congress, however,