Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Random Tensors and Quantum Gravity

We provide an informal introduction to tensor field theories and to their as- sociated renormalization group. We focus more on the general motivations coming from quantum gravity than on the technical details. In particular we discuss how asymptotic freedom of such tensor field theories gives a concrete example of a natural \quantum rela- tivity" postulate: physics in the deep ultraviolet regime becomes asymptotically more and more independent of any particular choice of Hilbert basis in the space of states of the universe.
Knock-down of 25 kDa subunit of cleavage factor Im in Hela cells alters alternative polyadenylation within 3′-UTRs

Alternative polyadenylation leads to mRNAs with variable 3′ ends. Since a 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) often contains cis elements that impact stability or localization of mRNA or translation, selection of poly(A) sites in a 3′-UTR is regulated in mammalian cells. However, the molecular basis for alternative poly(A) site selection within a 3′-UTR has been unclear. Here we show involvement of cleavage factor Im (CFIm) in poly(A) site selection within a 3′-UTR. CFIm is a heterodimeric 3′ end-processing complex, which functions to assemble other processing factors on pre-mRNA in vitro. We knocked down 25 kDa subunit of CFIm (CFIm25) in HeLa cells and analyzed alternative poly(A) site selection of TIMP-2, syndecan2, ERCC6 and DHFR genes by northern blotting. We observed changes in the distribution of mRNAs in CFIm25 depleted cells, suggesting a role for CFIm in alternative poly(A) site selection. Furthermore, tissue specific analysis demonstrated that the CFIm25 gene gave rise to 1.1, 2.0 and 4.6 kb mRNAs. The 4.6 kb mRNA was ubiquitously expressed, while the 1.1 and 2.0 kb mRNAs were expressed in a tissue specific manner. We found three likely poly(A) sites in the CFIm25 3′-UTR, suggesting alternative polyadenylation. Our results indicate that alternative poly(A) site selection is a well-regulated process in vivo.
Automatic Selection Pressure Control in Genetic Programming

Selection pressure must be dynamically managed in response to the changing evolutionary process in order to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of genetic programming (GP) systems using tournament selection. Instead of changing the tournament size and/or the population size via an arbitrary function to influence the selection pressure, this paper focuses on designing an automatic selection pressure control approach. In our approach, populations are clustered based on a dynamic program property. Then clusters become tournament candidates. The selection pressure in the tournament selection method is automatically changed during evolution according to the dynamically changing number of tournament candidates. Our approach is compared with the standard GP system (with no selection pressure control) on two problems with different kinds of fitness distributions. The results show that the automatic selection pressure control approach can improve the effectiveness and efficiency of GP systems
2 2 M ay 2 00 7 Curves and vector bundles on quartic threefolds

In this paper we study ACM vector bundles E of rank k ≥ 3 on hypersurfaces Xr ⊂ P 4 of degree r ≥ 1. We consider here mainly the case of degree r = 4, which is the first unknown case in literature. See [15] [27] [4] for the cases r = 1, 2, 3. Under some natural conditions for the bundle E we derive a list of possible Chern classes (c1, c2, c3) which may arise in the cases of rank k = 3 and k = 4, when r = 4 and we give several examples.
Differential recruitment of DNA Ligase I and III to DNA repair sites

DNA ligation is an essential step in DNA replication, repair and recombination. Mammalian cells contain three DNA Ligases that are not interchangeable although they use the same catalytic reaction mechanism. To compare the recruitment of the three eukaryotic DNA Ligases to repair sites in vivo we introduced DNA lesions in human cells by laser microirradiation. Time lapse microscopy of fluorescently tagged proteins showed that DNA Ligase III accumulated at microirradiated sites before DNA Ligase I, whereas we could detect only a faint accumulation of DNA Ligase IV. Recruitment of DNA Ligase I and III to repair sites was cell cycle independent. Mutational analysis and binding studies revealed that DNA Ligase I was recruited to DNA repair sites by interaction with PCNA while DNA Ligase III was recruited via its BRCT domain mediated interaction with XRCC1. Selective recruitment of specialized DNA Ligases may have evolved to accommodate the particular requirements of different repair pathways and may thus enhance efficiency of DNA repair.
The Planet Simulator: Towards a user friendly model

The Planet Simulator is a Model of Intermediate Complexity (MIC) which can be used to run climate and paleo-climate simulations for time scales up to 10 thousand years or more in an acceptable real time. The priorities in development are set to speed, easy handling and portability. Its modular structure allows a problem dependent configuration. Adaptions exist for the atmospheres of Mars and of Saturn’s moon Titan. Common coupling interfaces enable the addition of ocean models, ice models, vegetation and more. An interactive mode with a Model Starter (MoSt) and a Graphical User Interface (GUI) can be used to select a model configuration from the available hierarchy, set its parameters and inspect atmosphericfields while changing model parameters on the fly. This is especially useful for teaching, debugging and tuning of parameterizations. This paper gives an overview of the model’s features. The complete model including sources and documentation is available at (www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/plasim). Zusammenfassung
Dimensions for Automatic Interpretation of Approximate Numerical Expressions: An empirical study

Imprecise numerical expressions, such as "about 100 meters", are pervasive in natural language. Mobile robotics, Geographic Information Systems, intelligent personal assistants as well as database querying applications are required to automatically and accurately interpret such expressions, called Approximate Numerical Expressions (ANE). The main challenge is to determine their numerical boundaries that sound plausible to users. The aim of this paper is to provide guidelines to interpret ANEs that are independent from the domain and the formal representations. We identified three arithmetical properties and examined their involvement in ANE interpretation as intervals of denoted values. The implicit assumption of symmetry of the intervals was also tested. To do so, 146 participants were asked to provide the intervals corresponding to 24 ANEs in a semantically neutral context. Results suggest that the properties of ANEs we identified are key factors in their interpretation while symmetry is not always maintained. This study contributes towards an understanding of how users process ANEs and its results can be used to improve intelligent interfaces that lead to better users' satisfaction and natural interaction between him/her and the system.
Forest soil CO 2 flux : uncovering the contribution and environmental responses of ectomycorrhizas

Forests play a critical role in the global carbon cycle, being considered an important and continuing carbon sink. However, the response of carbon sequestration in forests to global climate change remains a major uncertainty, with a particularly poor understanding of the origins and environmental responses of soil CO2 efflux. For example, despite their large biomass, the contribution of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi to forest soil CO2 efflux and responses to changes in environmental drivers has, to date, not been quantified in the field. Their activity is often simplistically included in the ‘autotrophic’ root respiration term. We set up a multiplexed continuous soil respiration measurement system in a young Lodgepole pine forest, using a mycorrhizal mesh collar design, to monitor the three main soil CO2 efflux components: root, extraradical mycorrhizal hyphal, and soil heterotrophic respiration. Mycorrhizal hyphal respiration increased during the first month after collar insertion and thereafter remained remarkably stable. During autumn the soil CO2 flux components could be divided into 60% soil heterotrophic, 25% EM hyphal, and 15% root fluxes. Thus the extraradical EM mycelium can contribute substantially more to soil CO2 flux than do roots. While EM hyphal respiration responded strongly to reductions in soil moisture and appeared to be highly dependent on assimilate supply, it did not responded directly to changes in soil temperature. It was mainly the soil heterotrophic flux component that caused the commonly observed exponential relationship with temperature. Our results strongly suggest that accurate modelling of soil respiration, particularly in forest ecosystems, needs to explicitly consider the mycorrhizal mycelium and its dynamic response to specific environmental factors. Moreover, we propose that in forest ecosystems the mycorrhizal CO2 flux component represents an overflow ‘CO2 tap’ through which surplus plant carbon may be returned directly to the atmosphere, thus limiting expected carbon sequestration from trees under elevated CO2.
Communication policies performance: a case study

Communication activities are one of the most influential factors for the performance of parallel applications, and usually limit the number of processors that can be profitably allocated. Two components usually determine the communication cost of a parallel algorithm. One is the volume and range of data transfer, which is inherent to a specific algorithm. The other is the choice of communication strategy, e.g., point-to-point versus collective exchanges, blocking versus non blocking protocols, which has impact on setup costs, overheads due to buffering and/or contentions. Knowledge of comparative performance of different strategies can be very useful for a user if several choices are available. In this article we present the results of a study to determine the best approach to high volume, long range communications within the frame work of multidimensional FFT algorithm. We have investigated five widely used communication strategies, available in the MPI standard, which have identical data volumes and range of communications. We also present a systematic analysis of the causes of performance differences, with analytical models supporting the experimental evidence.
Design and FPGA Implementation of a Low Power Arithmetic Logic Unit

Arithmetic logic unit is the core of any CPU that can be part of a programmable reversible computing device such as a quantum computer. The major concern for ALU design ,using normal gates is heavy power consumption. The main reason for power consumption is the normal irreversible gates. In order to ensure low power design constraint a new type of gates called reversible gates were introduced. In reversible gates the number of inputs is equal to the number of outputs and there is a one to one mapping between the inputs and outputs. Here in this paper we discuss the design of a low power ALU using reversible gates and its implementation on FPGA.
Identification of spam email based on information from email header

Spam email becomes a big issue in email communication. It causes continuous problems to the network administrator and security expert to prevent or mitigate it effectively. There are many types of techniques used by the spammer to send illegitimate email messages. Most of the techniques used in email header. Spammer highlighted several information contained in the email header that can be converted or forged to mislead the spam detection system. In this paper, we highlight several features contained in the email header that can be used to identify and classify spam messages efficiently. Those features are selected based on their performance in detecting spam messages. This paper also commonalize each features contains in Yahoo mail, Gmail and Hotmail so that a generic spam messages detection mechanism could be proposed for all major email providers.
Accuracy assessments of aerosol optical properties retrieved from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) Sun and sky radiance measurements

Sensitivity studies are conducted regarding aerosol optical property retrieval from radiances measured by ground-based Sun-sky scanning radiometers of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). These studies focus on testing a new inversion concept for simultaneously retrieving aerosol size distribution, complex refractive index, and single- scattering albedo from spectral measurements of direct and diffuse radiation. The perturbations of the inversion resulting from random errors, instrumental offsets, and known uncertainties in the atmospheric radiation model are analyzed. Sun or sky channel miscalibration, inaccurate azimuth angle pointing during sky radiance measurements, and inaccuracy in accounting for surface reflectance are considered as error sources. The effects of these errors on the characterization of three typical and optically distinct aerosols with bimodal size distributions (weakly absorbing water-soluble aerosol, absorbing biomass-burning aerosol, and desert dust) are considered. The aerosol particles are assumed in the retrieval to be polydispersed homogeneous spheres with the same complex refractive index. Therefore we also examined how inversions with such an assumption bias the retrievals in the case of nonspherical dust aerosols and in the case of externally or internally mixed spherical particles with different refractive indices. The analysis shows successful retrieval of all aerosol characteristics (size distribution, complex refractive index, and single-scattering albedo), provided the inversion includes the data combination of spectral optical depth together with sky radiances in the full solar almucantar (with angular coverage of scattering angles up to 100" or more). The retrieval accuracy is acceptable for most remote sensing applications even in the presence of rather strong systematic or random uncertainties in the measurements. The major limitations relate to the characterization of low optical depth situations for all aerosol types, where high relative errors may occur in the direct radiation measurements of aerosol optical depth. Also, the results of tests indicate that a decrease of angular coverage of scattering (scattering angles of 75" or less) in the sky radiance results in the loss of practical information about refractive index. Accurate azimuth angle pointing is critical for the characterization of dust. Scattering by nonspherical dust particles requires special analysis, whereby approximation of the aerosol by spheres allows us to derive single-scattering albedo by inverting spectral optical depth together with sky radiances in the full solar almucantar. Inverting sky radiances measured in the first 40" scattering angle only, where nonspherical effects are minor, results in accurate retrievals of aerosol size distributions of nonspherical particles.
Is catching up with developed world’s levels of skills possible for poorer countries?

Some countries seem to be lagging behind in global accumulation of skills. As the ratio of skilled to unskilled labour is key for growth (e.g. endogenous growth theory), this situation suggests a gloomy future for developing countries. Is catching up with the developed world? s levels of skills still possible? The poor performance of the education sector in many countries casts serious doubts on this. This note addresses this question, discussing the simplest necessary conditions for skill convergence. It is shown that the high share of unskilled workers in the inflow of entrants to the labour market may perpetuate low levels of skills endowment, making it impossible to catch up with the developed world. However, education policy could regulate the level and the speed of the accumulation process through suitable strategies.
First Births: A comparative study of the patterns of transition to parenthood in

Fertility has been one of the oldest issues in population policies all around the world. Governments are not generally interested in the number of children families have, but are deeply concerned that population neither increases so rapidly that it is a drain on a nation's resource base nor declines so precipitously that it imperils national viability. (Castles 1999.) These population problems have varied between time and between development levels of nations. For example in the 1930s all over the Europe the demographic prospects were alarming. Fertility was high among population groups with weak economic status, but not among the better-off. During that time Alva and Gunnar Myrdal published their pro-natalist book ‘Crisis in the Population Question’. In the book the Myrdals (1934) acknowledged the right of women to combine paid employment and child-rearing. They announced that every child should have the right to be born wanted. The new aim of population policy was to encourage all families to have children.
Eye Tracking in Emotional Design Research: What are its Limitations?

Adding anthropomorphic graphical elements to computerized learning materials has been shown to enhance learning. We have prepared an experimental study, in which we will investigate if learning is enhanced because of the elevated positive affect of learners or due to the attention-capturing effect of the anthropomorphisms. Here, we present a pilot study asking if eye tracking might help in answering this question. Participants (N = 23) studied from one of three versions (schematic, enhanced black-and-white, enhanced with color) of instructional slides about the influenza virus for about 10 minutes; with eye tracking. Their prior and, especially, post hoc negative affect was elevated, and positive affect decreased compared to participants from a similar experiment without an eye tracker (N = 37). One-third of participants reported higher nervousness due to the eye tracker. The attention-capturing effect was possible to measure; but with limitations. The implications for emotional design studies with eye tracking are discussed.
Introducing Adjuvants to Dendritic Cell Algorithm for Stealthy Malware Detection

The increase in stealth of malware has brought the Dendritic Cell Algorithm (DCA) many difficulties in malware detection. to solve this problem, in this paper we take inspiration from immunological adjuvant which can enhance the immune responses to weak antigens, and propose its counterpart namely artificial adjuvant as an improvement for the DCA. Artificial adjuvants are capable of increasing the 'immunogenicity' of stealthy malware and accelerating the reaction of the dendritic cells (DCs). in such a way, they shed some lights for the DCA on improving the performance of stealthy malware detection in respect of not only improving the detection rate, but also helping detecting hidden malware as soon as possible.
Analytical approach of saturation voltage instability in high-speed IGBT

A High speed IGBT utilizing an Electron Beam (EB) irradiation and a post annealing process for a carrier lifetime control for a thick n-drift layer has been developed for industry applications, and home appliance especially in the very small chip size to achieve a low cost and a minimizing a size requirements. Even under the extremely high current density of around a half order of higher than the conventional usage for long-time production life, stability of both a saturation voltage VCE(sat), on state forward voltage drop, and a turn off losses Eoff are needed from a reliability point of view. We investigated dependences on the carrier lifetime control processes and a conduction current stress condition by both the IGBT electrical characteristics stability, i.e. for ward out put I-V characteristics, switching characteristics, threshold voltage, and leakage current, and a physical analysis using the Cathode Luminescence (CL) method. And we confirmed that shifts of electrical characteristics are very slight without any problem to use in the relatively high current density operation. Only for the acceleration case, an obvious CL spectrum change can be observed and to be assigned each trap level.
Improving the phonetic annotation by means of prosodic phrasing

It was established that the performance of our annotation system [8] is affected by the length of the utterances: the error rate, the CPU-load and the memory requirements tend to increase as the utterances get longer. In this contribution the speech signal is first segmented into speech, pauzes and noise (breaths, clicks, : : : ) and subsequently split in signal phrases prior to the annotation. Experiments on 3 different databases (3 languages) demonstrate that this stategy yields a significant improvement of the annotation accuracy.
Eco-habitus or Eco-powerlessness? Examining Environmental Concern across Social Class

Recent evidence of an association between status and eco-friendly practices invites examination of environmental concern across social class. Analyzing interview data from 64 socioeconomically diverse residents of Washington state, we observe variation in orientation to the environment across social class. High-status participants embody an eco-habitus—a sense that being “green” is good and also achievable. Lower-status participants express “eco-powerlessness”—fear and uncertainty in the face of environmental issues and a sense that one’s daily actions have little bearing on broader issues. We suggest that, among our participants, existing measures of environmental concern capture variation in their alignment with high-status preferences for environmental actions and in self-evaluations of their role in mitigating environmental problems. Our research contributes to a more culturally nuanced understanding of environmental concern by using qualitative data to explicate the association between social class and perceived self-efficacy to enact socioecological change in an era of consumer-based solutions to ecological crises.
Thermal analysis and model identification techniques for a logic + WIDEIO stacked DRAM test chip

High temperature is one of the limiting factors and major concerns in 3D-chip integration. In this paper we use a 3D test chip (WIDEIO DRAM on top of a logic die) equipped with temperature sensors and heaters to explore thermal effects. We correlated real temperature measurements with the power dissipated by the heaters using model learning techniques. The resulting compact thermal model is able to predict temperatures at chip locations far from the temperature sensors and to infer the power dissipation at any location of the chip. Results are verified by mean of an off-sample validation technique and show a high accuracy of the compact thermal model when compared with silicon measurements.
Fast black-box testing of system recovery code

Fault injection---a key technique for testing the robustness of software systems---ends up rarely being used in practice, because it is labor-intensive and one needs to choose between performing random injections (which leads to poor coverage and low representativeness) or systematic testing (which takes a long time to wade through large fault spaces). As a result, testers of systems with high reliability requirements, such as MySQL, perform fault injection in an ad-hoc manner, using explicitly-coded injection statements in the base source code and manual triggering of failures. This paper introduces AFEX, a technique and tool for automating the entire fault injection process, from choosing the faults to inject, to setting up the environment, performing the injections, and finally characterizing the results of the tests (e.g., in terms of impact, coverage, and redundancy). The AFEX approach uses a metric-driven search algorithm that aims to maximize the number of bugs discovered in a fixed amount of time. We applied AFEX to real-world systems---MySQL, Apache httpd, UNIX utilities, and MongoDB---and it uncovered new bugs automatically in considerably less time than other black-box approaches.