Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Random quasi-phase-matched conversion of broadband radiation in a nonlinear photonic crystal

Radiation in the range 187.5–215 nm was generated via random quasi-phase-matched frequency doubling of femtosecond laser pulses in nonlinear photonic crystals of strontium tetraborate. A broad spectrum of fundamental radiation favors the probing of the nonlinear photonic crystal band structure. The red shift of the band structure upon the fundamental wave-vector rotation was observed. No principal limitations of the tuning range at its shorter wavelength boundary from the nonlinear photonic crystal (NPC) material are found. Calculation shows that the NPC structure enables enhancement of nonlinear generation in the vacuum ultraviolet.
Deadtime compensation for nonlinear processes with disturbances

Abstract The control problem of time delay non-linear systems that are perturbed by disturbances is discussed. By coordinate transformations and feedback and prediction of the transformed states, we first linearize the perturbed non-linear systems into controllable quasi-linear systems with disturbances. Then, we can apply the well-developed linear control theory to stabilize the transformed systems. Thus, stable quasi-linear systems with time delay can be obtained. Furthermore, we may implement powerful deadtime compensation methods to study the performance of the proposed dynamic compensators, a Smith predictor and a new modified Smith predictor, for disturbance rejection. Finally, a typical non-linear chemical process, a continuous stirred tank reactor, is used as an example system to demonstrate the effectiveness of these deadtime compensators
The global population of mesoscale convective complexes

A global set of 714 mesoscale convective complexes is compiled and some of the common properties of the convective systems are identified and examined from a global perspective. the data set includes date of occurrence, time of first storms, initiation, maximum extent, termination, duration, cold‐cloud shield areas, and tracks from initiation to termination.
Active glass waveguide amplifier on GaAs by UV-pulsed laser deposition and femtosecond laser inscription

Integration of glass thin films with semiconductors promises new opportunities for novel photonic and optoelectronic devices due to the contribution of several synergetic properties. In this paper, we report the demonstration of the integration of Er3+-ion doped phosphate modified tellurite (PT) glass thin film waveguides with III-V semiconductor substrates. The thin films were deposited using the technique of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and exhibit a refractive index which is very close to that of the bulk glass target used in the deposition process. Optical confinement and propagation loss measurements for the thin films deposited on GaAs substrates, with different thicknesses of silica buffer layers, is presented and shows good agreement with finite element models. Channel waveguide patterning was carried out using ultra-fast laser micromachining, and a range of optical characterization measurements are reported on confirming the high quality of the glass thin films and waveguides formed on silica and GaAs with silica buffer layers.
An experimental map of the internal structure of a vortex breakdown

The flow field of an ‘axisymmetric’ vortex breakdown has been mapped using a laser-Doppler anemometer. The interior of the recirculation zone is dominated by energetic, non-axisymmetric, low frequency periodic fluctuations. Spectra for a number of points inside this zone, as well as time-averaged swirl and axial velocity profiles both inside and outside the recirculation zone, have been obtained. The time-averaged streamlines in the interior show an unexpected two-celled structure attributed to the action of the fluctuations. Although the present experiment deals with one particular breakdown, flow-visualization studies indicate that the case examined is typical of the ‘axisymmetric’ form of breakdown over a range of flow conditions.
Survival analysis using random regression models

Censoring of records is a problem in the estimation of breeding values for longevity, because breeding values are required earlier in life than realised longevity can be measured. In this study we investigate the use of random regression models to analyse survival data, because this method combines some of the advantage of a multi-trait approach and the more sophisticated survival analysis. Production records in lactation 1 to 5 were available on 6320 cows in the UK, all having had the opportunity to survive 5 lactations. The random regression model contained a fixed cubic polynomial for lactation number (1 to 4), a herd effect (n = 167), a quadratic regression on milk yield within herd, a quadratic regression on age at calving within herd, Holstein percentage and year-season of calving effect (n=66). The additive animal genetic effects were modelled using a orthogonal polynomial of order 3 with random coefficients, and the error term was fitted as a diagonal matrix with different uncorrelated variances in each lactation. Variance components from the full (i.e. uncensored) data set, were used to estimate breeding values for survival in each lactation from both uncensored and censored data. Random censoring was applied proportionally to 0.3 or 0.6 of the cows, equal proportions of these censored animals had their last, last two or last three lactations set to missing. Two different procedures were applied: censoring or not censoring first lactation information. In the uncensored data, estimates of the residual variances were 0.15, 0.17, 0.17 and 0.18, and heritabilities were 0.03, 0.07, 0.05 and 0.01 for culling probability at the end of lactation 1 to 4, respectively. Breeding values for lifespan (calculated from the survival breeding values) had a range of 2.8 to 4.5 lactations and a standard deviation of 0.18. Correlations between predicted breeding values for 60 bulls, each with more than 20 daughters, from the various analyses ranged from 0.84 to 0.97. It is concluded that random regression analysis might be an alternative procedure to analyse censored survival data.
X-RAY EMISSION FROM THE WARM-HOT INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM

In this paper I give an overview of the detection of emission from the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) in the outer parts of clusters of galaxies. The evidence for the presence of soft excess X-ray emission in 7 out of 21 clusters is summarized, and it is demonstrated that several of these clusters show the signatures of thermal emission in the outer parts. A strong signature is the presence of redshifted O VII emission at 0.57 keV. In the central parts, several clusters show also a soft excess, but m this case the observations cannot well discriminate between a thermal or non-thermal origin of the soft X-ray excess.
Shell structures in self-assembled InAs quantum dots probed by lateral electron tunneling structures

We have investigated electron filling in single InAs quantum dots (QDs) using a lateral electron transport structure, i.e., nanolithographically defined metallic leads with nanogaps. Elliptic InAs QDs with a diameter of ∼60∕80nm exhibited clear shell filling up to 12 electrons before the gate leakage became significant. Shell-dependent charging energies and level quantization energies for the s, p, and d states were determined from the addition energy spectra. Furthermore, it was found that the charging energies and the tunneling conductances strongly depend on the shell, reflecting that the electron wave functions for higher shells are more extended in space.
The effect of baffle spacing on hydrodynamics and solute transport in serpentine contact tanks

The effect of baffle spacing on the hydrodynamics and transport characteristics in a scaled variable-baffle-spacing contact tank is investigated by employing large-eddy simulation. Simulated solute transport is quantitatively validated by comparing simulated and measured residence time distribution curves, for which good agreement is found. The flow in serpentine disinfection tanks is dominated by a path of high streamwise velocities, a so-called short-circuiting path, which is almost constant in width regardless of the baffle spacing. In addition, large-scale turbulent vortices are shed from baffle edges and their size and dynamics depend on the spacing between subsequent baffles. The transport in serpentine-flow contact tanks is advection dominated and transport occurs mainly along the short-circuiting path. Wider compartments feature large recirculation zones with instantaneous vortices entraining solutes into these zones and thereby increasing residence times. Contact tanks with wide compartments suffer from severe short-circuiting and internal recirculation. This is directly reflected in hydraulic efficiency indicators.
Applying UML and Patterns: An Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design and the Unified Process

From the Publisher: The first edition of Applying UML and Patterns: An Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design quickly emerged as the leading OOA/D introduction; it has been translated into seven languages and adopted in universities and businesses worldwide. In this second edition, well-known object technology and iterative methods leader Craig Larman refines and expands this text for developers and students new to OOA/D, the UML, patterns, use cases, iterative development, and related topics. Put simply, the book shows newcomers to OOA/D how to "think in objects. " It does so by presenting three iterations of a single, cohesive case study, incrementally introducing the requirements and OOA/D activities, principles, and patterns that are most critical to success. It introduces the most frequently used UML diagramming notation, while emphasizing that OOA/D is much more than knowing UML notation. All case study iterations and skills are presented in the context of an "agile" version of the Unified Process  a popular, modern iterative approach to software development. Throughout, Larman presents the topics in a fashion designed for learning and comprehension. Among the topics introduced in Applying UML and Patterns are: * requirements and use cases, * domain object modeling, * core UML, * designing objects with responsibilities, * "Gang of Four" and other design patterns, * mapping designs to code (using Java as an example), * layered architectures, * architectural analysis, * package design, * iterative development, and * the Unified Process. For a more detailed list of topics, please see the accompanying table of contents. Forewordby Philippe Kruchten, the lead architect of the Rational Unified Process. "Too few people have a knack for explaining things. Fewer still have a handle on software analysis and design. Craig Larman has both. " John Vlissides, author, Design Patterns and Pattern Hatching "This edition contains Larman's usual accurate and thoughtful writing. It is a very good book made even better. " Alistair Cockburn, author, Writing Effective Use Cases and Surviving OO Projects
Integrable extended Hubbard models with boundary Kondo impurities

Three kinds of integrable Kondo impurity additions to one-dimensional q-deformed extended Hubbard models are studied by means of the boundary Z(2)-graded quantum inverse scattering method. The boundary K matrices depending on the local magnetic moments of the impurities are presented as nontrivial realisations of the reflection equation algebras in an impurity Hilbert space. The models are solved by using the algebraic Bethe ansatz method, and the Bethe ansatz equations are obtained.
Sequential parameter identification method for nonlinear systems

In this paper we propose an accurate online parameter identification algorithm for nonlinear time-varying systems. For such systems, techniques based on cross-validation to achieve regularization or model selection are not possible, and classical least square techniques are not reliable when the dynamics of the system are highly nonlinear. To overcome these problems, an identification algorithm devised from Sutton's dynamic learning rate techniques and based on a learning window and forgetting factor criterion has been used. In doing so, the proposed algorithm avoids the need for heuristic choices of the initial conditions and noise covariance matrices required by Kalman filtering. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated on aircraft flight dynamics parameter identification in the horizontal plane.
A very simple model for the water vapour feedback on climate change

Climate sensitivity is often said to be doubled by water vapour feedback. We expect the distribution of relative humidity to change little under climate change from simple physical arguments, which are confirmed by the most detailed physical models we have, and consistent with the limited observational evidence. A substantial positive feedback on climate change is then to be expected, and an approximate doubling is well established numerically. However, a physical explanation for the size of this effect is conspicuously lacking.
On the Symmetry of a Reflecting Brownian Motion Defined by Skorohod's Equation for a Multi-Dimensional Domain

The existence and uniqueness of solutions to Skorohod’s equation for a multi-dimensional domain were discussed by Lions and Sznitman [6] and Saisho [9]. In this paper we prove that a reflecting Brownian motion $X$ obtained by solving Skorohod’s equation for a domain $D$ in $R^{\text{{\it \‘{a}}}}$ is symmetric in the sense that $\int fT_{t}gdx=\int gT_{t}$fdx holds for any $L^{2}$-functions $f$ and $g$ on
Running With Symmetry

Symmetry can simplify the control of dynamic legged sys tems. In this paper, the symmetries studied describe motion of the body and legs in terms of even and odd functions of time. A single set of equations describes symmetric running for systems with any number of legs and for a wide range of gaits. Techniques based on symmetry have been used in laboratory experiments to control machines that run on one, two, and four legs. In addition to simplifying the control of legged machines, symmetry may help us to understand legged locomotion in animals. Data from a cat trotting and galloping on a treadmill and from a human running on a track conform reasonably well to the predicted symmetries.
Pattern-recognized structures in bounded turbulent shear flows

It is now well established that coherent structures exist in turbulent shear flows. It should be possible to recognize these in the turbulence signals and to program a computer to extract and ensemble average the corresponding portions of the signals in order to obtain the characteristics of the structures. In this work only the u-signal patterns are recognized, using several simple criteria; simultaneously, however, the v or w signals as well as uv or uw are also processed. It is found that simple signal shapes describe the turbulence structures on the average. The u-signal pattern consists of a gradual deceleration from a local maximum followed by a strong acceleration. This pattern is found in over 65% of the total sample in the region of high Reynolds-stress production. The v signal is found to be approximately 180° out of phase with the u signal. These signal shapes can be easily associated with the coherent structures that have been observed visually. Their details have been enhanced by quadrant truncating. These results are compared with randomly generated signals processed by the same method.
Radiative transfer modelling inside thermal protection system using hybrid homogenization method for a backward Monte Carlo method coupled with Mie theory

A backward Monte Carlo method for modelling the spectral directional emittance of fibrous media has been developed. It uses Mie theory to calculate the radiative properties of single fibres, modelled as infinite cylinders, and the complex refractive index is computed by a Drude-Lorenz model for the dielectric function. The absorption and scattering coefficient are homogenised over several fibres, but the scattering phase function of a single one is used to determine the scattering direction of energy inside the medium. Sensitivity analysis based on several Monte Carlo results has been performed to estimate coefficients for a Multi-Linear Model (MLM) specifically developed for inverse analysis of experimental data. This model concurs with the Monte Carlo method and is highly computationally efficient. In contrast, the surface emissivity model, which assumes an opaque medium, shows poor agreement with the reference Monte Carlo calculations.
Should the Mantel test be used in spatial analysis?

The Mantel test is widely used in biology, including landscape ecology and genetics, to detect spatial structures in data or control for spatial correlation in the relationship between two data sets, for example community composition and environment. The study demonstrates that this is an incorrect use of that test. The null hypothesis of the Mantel test differs from that of correlation analysis; the statistics computed in the two types of analyses differ. We examined the basic assumptions of the Mantel test in spatial analysis and showed that they are not verified in most studies. We showed the consequences, in terms of power, of the mismatch between these assumptions and the Mantel testing procedure. The Mantel test H0 is the absence of relationship between values in two dissimilarity matrices, not the independence between two random variables or data tables. The Mantel R2 differs from the R2 of correlation, regression and canonical analysis; these two statistics cannot be reduced to one another. Using simulated data, we show that in spatial analysis, the assumptions of linearity and homoscedasticity of the Mantel test (H1: small values of D1 correspond to small values of D2 and large values of D1 to large values of D2) do not hold in most cases, except when spatial correlation extends over the whole study area. Using extensive simulations of spatially correlated data involving different representations of geographic relationships, we show that the power of the Mantel test is always lower than that of distance‐based Moran's eigenvector map (dbMEM) analysis and that the Mantel R2 is always smaller than in dbMEM analysis, and uninterpretable. These simulation results are novel contributions to the Mantel debate. We also show that regression on a geographic distance matrix does not remove the spatial structure from response data and does not produce spatially uncorrelated residuals. Our main conclusion is that Mantel tests should be restricted to questions that, in the domain of application, only concern dissimilarity matrices, and are not derived from questions that can be formulated as the analysis of the vectors and matrices from which one can compute dissimilarity matrices.
Implementation of IGMP v3 and its application to IPTV carrying network

IGMP is a host-router signaling protocol, and it is used to manage the membership of Internet Protocol multicast groups for IPv4. IGMPv3 adds "source filtering" function required to support SSM. Firstly, this paper analyses the improvements and implementation of IGMPv3. Secondly, it points out the problems when applying IGMPv3 to IPTV carrying network. Then it presents the solutions by improving IGMPv3 protocol to reduce channel zapping time which is one of the important metrics affecting the QoE in IPTV service. Method to realize the end user authentication, authorization and accounting in the IP multicast security and authentication area by extending the IGMPv3 protocol is described at last.
New observations with the HST Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph of the low-redshift Lyman-Alpha clouds in the 3C 273 line of sight

We presenty spectra of 3C 273 between 1216 and 1250 A obtained in the (pre-COSTAR (Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement instrument)) configuration of the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS) taken with the G160M grating with a resolution approximately = 20 km/s. The two strong Ly alpha lines at velocities of approximately 1000 and approximately 1600 km/s are well fitted with Voigt profiles and yield column densities, Doppler parameters and redshifts of log N(H I)=14.19 +/- 0.04 V(sub Dop)=40.7 +/- 3.0 km/s, V = 1012.4 +/- 2.0 km/s, and log N(H I)=14.22 +/- 0.07, V(sub Dop)=34.2 +/- 3.3 km/s and V = 1582.0 +/- 2.0 km/s, respectively. Motivated by the initial announcement by Williams and Schommer of detectable H alpha emission associated with the approximately 1600 km/s cloud, we discuss the difficulty of finding models which can account for emission of that magnitude given the observed neutral hydrogen column density, though a recent reobservation by these authors has shown the initial detection to be spurious. The C/H abundance ratio is probably less than about one-fourth of the solar abundance in these clouds, although this result is very uncertain and model dependent.
Comparison of Traditional and Newly Developed Thunderstorm Indices for Switzerland

Abstract The preconvective environment on thunderstorm days in Switzerland north of the Alps has been investigated during a 5-yr period (1985–89). Thermodynamic and kinematic parameters calculated from the radiosounding in Payerne (started at 0000 and 1200 UTC) were used to characterize the initiation of convection. The best parameters were evaluated by using three methods: 1) skill scores, 2) probability distributions, and 3) mean temperature soundings and hodographs. For the decision whether a thunderstorm day was expected or not, the best results were obtained at 0000 UTC with the original Showalter index and at 1200 UTC with the SWEAT index. In addition, to decide whether an isolated or widespread thunderstorm day was expected, the most successful parameter was the modified CAPECCL. Furthermore, the best thermodynamic and kinematic parameters were combined to create new thunderstorm indices, similar to the calculations of the SWEAT index in the United States. The new thunderstorm indices especially de.
Turning eureka steps into calculations in automatic program synthesis

A description is given of a technique called middle-out reasoning for the control of search in automatic theorem proving. The authors illustrate it use in the domain of automatic program synthesis. Programs can be synthesised from proofs that their logical specifications are satisfiable. Each proof step is also a program construction step. Unfortunately, a naive use of this technique requires a human or computer to produce proof steps which provide the essential structure of the desired program. It is hard to see the justification for these steps at the time that they are made; the reason for them emerges only later in the proof. Such proof steps are often call eureka steps. Middle-out reasoning enables these eureka steps to be produced, automatically, as a side effect of non-eureka steps.
High harmonic generation in atomic and diatomic molecular gases using intense picosecond laser pulses-a comparison

High harmonic generation has been investigated in the atomic gases Ar and Xe as well as in the diatomic molecular gases H2, D2, N2 and O2 using a linearly polarized picosecond dye laser (594 nm) and a linearly polarized subpicosecond Ti:sapphire/Nd:glass laser (1053 nm). The harmonic conversion efficiencies are compared by choosing different gas pairs as a function of three parameters: (1) field-free ionization potential (2) mass and (3) static average polarizability. It is shown that the ionization potential and mass are not sensitive parameters for harmonic efficiency, but the polarizability is an important factor.