Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Green Perspectives for Public Health: A Narrative Review on the Physiological Effects of Experiencing Outdoor Nature

Natural environments offer a high potential for human well-being, restoration and stress recovery in terms of allostatic load. A growing body of literature is investigating psychological and physiological health benefits of contact with Nature. So far, a synthesis of physiological health outcomes of direct outdoor nature experiences and its potential for improving Public Health is missing. We were interested in summarizing the outcomes of studies that investigated physiological outcomes of experiencing Nature measuring at least one physiological parameter during the last two decades. Studies on effects of indoor or simulated Nature exposure via videos or photos, animal contact, and wood as building material were excluded from further analysis. As an online literature research delivered heterogeneous data inappropriate for quantitative synthesis approaches, we descriptively summarized and narratively synthesized studies. The procedure started with 1,187 titles. Research articles in English language published in international peer-reviewed journals that investigated the effects of natural outdoor environments on humans by were included. We identified 17 relevant articles reporting on effects of Nature by measuring 20 different physiological parameters. We assigned these parameters to one of the four body systems brain activity, cardiovascular system, endocrine system, and immune function. These studies reported mainly direct and positive effects, however, our analyses revealed heterogeneous outcomes regarding significance of results. Most of the studies were conducted in Japan, based on quite small samples, predominantly with male students as participants in a cross-sectional design. In general, our narrative review provided an ambiguous illustration of the effects outdoor nature exerted on physiological parameters. However, the majority of studies reported significant positive effects. A harmonizing effect of Nature, especially on physiological stress reactions, was found across all body systems. From a Public Health perspective, interdisciplinary work on utilizing benefits of Nature regarding health promotion, disease prevention, and nature-based therapy should be optimized in order to eventually diminish given methodological limitations from mono-disciplinary studies.
Prospective Study of 68Ga-NOTA-NFB: Radiation Dosimetry in Healthy Volunteers and First Application in Glioma Patients

Purpose: The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is overexpressed in various types of human cancers. As a specific imaging agent of CXCR4, 68Ga-NOTA-NFB was investigated in this study to assess its safety, biodistribution and dosimetry properties in healthy volunteers, and to preliminarily evaluate its application in glioma patients. Methods: Six healthy volunteers underwent whole-body PET scans at 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 h after 68Ga-NOTA-NFB injection (mean dose, 182.4 ± 3.7 MBq (4.93 ± 0.10 mCi)). For time-activity curve calculations, 1 mL blood samples were obtained at 1, 3, 5, 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min after the injection. The estimated radiation doses were calculated by OLINDA/EXM software. Eight patients with glioma were enrolled and underwent both 68Ga-NOTA-NFB and 18F-FDG PET/CT scans before surgery. The expression of CXCR4 on the resected brain tumor tissues was determined by immunohistochemical staining. Results: 68Ga-NOTA-NFB was safe and well tolerated by all subjects. A rapid activity clearance from the blood circulation was observed. The organs with the highest absorbed doses were spleen (193.8 ± 32.5 μSv/MBq) and liver (119.3 ± 25.0 μSv/MBq). The mean effective dose was 25.4 ± 6.1 μSv/MBq. The maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) and the maximum target to non-target ratios (T/NTmax) of 68Ga-NOTA-NFB PET/CT in glioma tissues were 4.11 ± 2.90 (range, 0.45-8.21) and 9.21 ± 8.75 (range, 3.66-24.88), respectively, while those of 18F-FDG PET/CT were 7.34 ± 2.90 (range, 3.50-12.27) and 0.86 ± 0.41 (range, 0.35-1.59). The histopathological staining confirmed that CXCR4 was overexpressed on resected tumor tissues with prominent 68Ga-NOTA-NFB uptake. Conclusion: With a favorable radiation dosimetry profile, 68Ga-NOTA-NFB is safe for clinical imaging. Compared to 18F-FDG PET/CT, 68Ga-NOTA-NFB PET/CT is more sensitive in detecting glioma and could have potential in diagnosing and treatment planning for CXCR4 positive patients.
Role of Intimin-Tir Interactions and the Tir-Cytoskeleton Coupling Protein in the Colonization of Calves and Lambs by Escherichia coli O157:H7

ABSTRACT Intimin facilitates intestinal colonization by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7; however, the importance of intimin binding to its translocated receptor (Tir) as opposed to cellular coreceptors is unknown. The intimin-Tir interaction is needed for optimal actin assembly under adherent bacteria in vitro, a process which requires the Tir-cytoskeleton coupling protein (TccP/EspFU) in E. coli O157:H7. Here we report that E. coli O157:H7 tir mutants are at least as attenuated as isogenic eae mutants in calves and lambs, implying that the role of intimin in the colonization of reservoir hosts can be explained largely by its binding to Tir. Mutation of tccP uncoupled actin assembly from the intimin-Tir-mediated adherence of E. coli O157:H7 in vitro but did not impair intestinal colonization in calves and lambs, implying that pedestal formation may not be necessary for persistence. However, an E. coli O157:H7 tccP mutant induced typical attaching and effacing lesions in a bovine ligated ileal loop model of infection, suggesting that TccP-independent mechanisms of actin assembly may operate in vivo.
Agile product line engineering—a systematic literature review

Software Product Line Engineering (SPLE) demands upfront long‐term investment in (i) designing a common set of core‐assets and (ii) managing variability across the products from the same family. When anticipated changes in these core‐assets have been predicted with certain accuracy, SPLE has proved significant improvements. However, when large/complex software product line projects have to deal with changing market conditions, alternatives to supplement SPLE are required. Agile Software Development (ASD) may be an alternative, as agile processes harness change for the customer's competitive advantage. However, when the aim is to scale Agile projects up to effectively manage reusability and variability across the products from the same family, alternatives to supplement agility are also required. As a result, a new approach called Agile Product Line Engineering (APLE) advocates integrating SPLE and ASD with the aim of addressing these gaps. APLE is an emerging approach, which implies that organizations have to face several barriers to achieve its adoption. This paper presents a systematic literature review of experiences and practices on APLE, in which the key findings uncover important challenges about how to integrate the SPLE model with an agile iterative approach to fully put APLE into practice. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new classification approach based on cooperative game

Classification is a well known task in data mining and machine learning that aims to predict the class of items as accurately as possible. A well planned data classification system makes essential data easy to find. An object is classified into one of the categories called classes according to the features that well separated the classes. Actually, classification maps an object to its classification label. Many researches used different learning algorithms to classify data; neural networks, decision trees, etc. In this paper, a new classification approach based on cooperative game is proposed. Cooperative game is a branch of game theory consists of a set of players and a characteristic function which specifies the value created by different subsets of the players in the game. In order to find classes in classification process, objects can be imagine as the players in a game and according to the values which obtained by these players, classes will be separated. This approach can be used to classify a population according to their contributions. In the other words, it applies equally to different types of data. Through out this paper, a special case in medical diagnosis was studied. 304 samples taken from human leukemia tissue consists of 17 attributes which determine different CD markers related to leukemia were analyzed. These samples collected from different types of leukemia at Iran Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO). Obtained results demonstrate that cooperative game is very promising to use directly for classification.
MicroRNAs: Novel Players in Aortic Aneurysm

An aortic aneurysm (AA) is a common disease with potentially life-threatening complications. Despite significant improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of AA, the associated morbidity and mortality remain high. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miR) are small noncoding ribonucleic acids that negatively regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level by inhibiting mRNA translation or promoting mRNA degradation. miRNAs are recently reported to be critical modulators for vascular cell functions such as cell migration, contraction, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Increasing evidences suggest crucial roles of miRNAs in the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, arterial hypertension, and cardiac arrhythmias. Recently, some miRNAs, such as miR-24, miR-155, miR-205, miR-712, miR-21, miR-26a, miR-143/145, miR-29, and miR-195, have been demonstrated to be differentially expressed in the diseased aortic tissues and strongly associated with the development of AA. In the present paper, we reviewed the recent available literature regarding the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of AA. Moreover, we discuss the potential use of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and novel targets for development of effective therapeutic strategies for AA.
Technology Development and Learning in Entrepreneurial Firms TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING IN ENTREPRENEURIAL FIRMS

Research on learning processes in an entrepreneurial context is still in an early stage. Only recently, researchers’ attention has shifted on the cognitive processes that take place as opportunities are explored, solutions are developed, and their potential risk and returns are gradually made sense of. In this paper we report findings from a comparative study of factors that promote or hinder the learning process that underlies the successful production and application of new technological and market knowledge in entrepreneurial ventures. Our research was based on an in-depth study of two development projects ran within the same entrepreneurial firm at about the same time. The adoption of a rich, qualitative method for data collection and analysis helped us to explore the process of entrepreneurial learning and the underlying social and cognitive dynamics that influence the successful development of a new technology. Evidence from our study points at the self-reinforcing effect on the commitment of the entrepreneur and on the consequent allocation of time, attention and resources of prior related knowledge, perceived incentives and the degree of control on the process. The emerging framework extends previous literature on knowledge creation and technology development in entrepreneurial ventures, as it tries to unpack the underlying process of entrepreneurial learning. JEL Classification Numbers: M13.
On the Control of Asynchronous Automata

The decidability of the distributed version of the Ramadge and Wonham controller synthesis problem, where both the plant and the controllers are modeled as asynchronous automata and the controllers have causal memory is a challenging open problem. There exist three classes of plants for which the existence of a correct controller with causal memory has been shown decidable: when the dependency graph of actions is series-parallel, when the processes are connectedly communicating and when the dependency graph of processes is a tree. We design a class of plants, called decomposable games, with a decidable controller synthesis problem. This provides a unified proof of the three existing decidability results as well as new examples of decidable plants.
Volitionstheorie der Gesundheitserziehung

Es werden neue theoretische Uberlegungen vorgetragen, die dazu beitragen konnen, die gesundheitspadagogische Forschung zu stimulieren und die Praxis der Gesundheitserziehung zu beeinflussen. Dabei werden Phasen des Selbstregulationsprozesses, der zu einem Risikoverhalten oder Gesundheitsverhalten fuhrt, unterschieden. Die anfangliche Motivationsphase ist durch das Abwagen zwischen Alternativen gekennzeichnet und schliest mit einer Zielintention ab. In der nachfolgenden Volitionsphase geht es um die Umsetzung einer Absicht in einem Handlungsversuch sowie um die Aufrechterhaltung des Gesundheitsverhaltens gegen Widerstande. Auch hier erweist sich die Kompetenzerwartung als eine wichtige Einflusgrose. Abschliesend werden Konsequenzen fur die Gesundheitserziehung diskutiert. (DIPF/Orig.) The author presents new theoretical considerations which may contribute to a Stimulation of research in health education and which may have an impact on the practice of health education. In this, he differentiates phases of the process of self-regulation which leads to either hazardous or healthy behavior. The initial phase of motivation is characterized by the weighing of alternatives and ends with the formulation of objeetives. In the subsequent phase of volition, an intention is translated into an attempt at action and the healthy behavior is kept up despite obstacles. In this, competence expectation again proves an important influence. In a final part, consequences for health education are being discussed. (DIPF/Orig.)
PhysiTable: Tangible Interactive System for Physical Rehabilitation of Children with Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral Palsy is a permanent movement and posture related disorder. It happens by birth so generally physiotherapy starts at a very early age. So many of the patients are kids. Treatment involves a lot of physiotherapy which further includes varied exercise with different equipment. These equipment lags engagement and for kids it becomes very important. From many physiotherapy we have chosen fine motor skill development, precisely improving hand rotation. Solution targets the kids and uses light and sound feedback to enhance their engagement. This solution also helps in eye hand coordination and color concept. Further evaluation was done with some kids at a NGO and results came to be positive. Kids showed interest in playing with the board. Though no statistical analysis could be done as every individual is different and have different severity of diseases so analysis was difficult.
The offender personality disorder pathway and its implications for women prisoners in England and Wales

This article examines how the Offender Personality Disorder Pathway has been tailored to deliver services to a relatively wide population of women prisoners, despite the fact that few of them meet the dangerousness criteria that determine access for men. Although women in custody have a well-established claim to resources that address their mental health needs, there are legitimate concerns about programmes that foster individualised and ‘pathologised’ understandings of female offenders. These are particularly problematic in the contemporary rehabilitative climate which functions in a state of legal and ethical uncertainty about the duty of care owed to those who participate in the programmes. The article calls for a broader understanding of the political and cultural circumstances in which the Offender Personality Disorder Pathway for Women operates and an awareness of the consequences that derive from the coercive environment of the prison, the ideological dominance of risk management and the minority status of women in the criminal justice system.
Motor neural prostheses for recovery of the walking

We review the concept of the "pacemakers" for cyclic movements in humans with central nervous systems injury/disease that are based on electrical stimulation. The system that restores or augments movement is termed Motor Neural Prosthesis (MNP). Many aspects how an MNP interfaces the injured/diseased central nervous system have been resolved and several systems are commercially available; yet, there are remaining problems which require translation of knowledge from the domain of motor control. This knowledge is important since an MNP activates both afferent and efferent pathways of the peripheral nervous system; thereby activate directly motor output but also trigger reflex activities at spinal and cortical levels. This new understanding in parallel with the ability of an MNP to selectively trigger action potentials could allow inhibition that is of major importance. \In summary this review advocates the use of artificial control of on MNP that mimics biological control.
Ions and the action of digitalis.

Digitalis acts mainly on the heart. It affects excitability, conduction of impulses, and force of contraction. The physiology of all these processes has been elucidated greatly in the past 20 years, particularly by Hodgkin and Huxley and their collaborators. Techniques of inserting micro-electrodes into nerve and muscle cells have made possible both the recording of transmembrane potentials in resting and excited cell membranes, and the control of these potentials in order to analyse them more accurately. Since the currents that flow across the membrane, both at rest and during activity, are carried by ions, knowledge of membrane currents gives considerable information about the ionic movements through the membrane. Use of radioactive isotopes has provided another method for determining the magnitude of the ionic movements. The electrical method is much better able to follow rapid events, such as occur in a single nerve impulse or a single cardiac cycle, but it is unspecific about the ions concerned. Isotopes, on the other hand, allow unequivocal identification of the part played by a particular ion but they do not lend themselves to the study of events occurring in tissues in less than a minute or so. Both the techniques themselves and the knowledge they have afforded have been of great value in understanding how drugs act, not least for cardiac glycosides. The connexion between digitalis and several cations has been well known for half a century (Clark, 1912), and it is now possible at least to outline an account of the actions of cardiac glycosides in terms of their basic influence on ionic movements. These basic influences have recently been reviewed by Glynn (1964), who has contributed much to their study.
Flash Memory Testing and Built-In Self-Diagnosis With March-Like Test Algorithms

Flash memories are a type of nonvolatile memory based on floating-gate transistors. The use of commodity and embedded flash memories is growing rapidly as we enter the system-on-chip era. Conventional tests for flash memories are usually ad hoc-the test procedure is developed for a specific design. As there is a large number of possible failure modes for flash memories, long test algorithms on complicated automatic test equipment (ATE) are commonly seen. The long test time results in high test cost. We propose a systematic approach in testing flash memories, including the development of March-like test algorithms, cost-effective fault diagnosis methodology, and built-in self-test (BIST) scheme. The improved March-like test algorithms can detect disturb faults-derived from the IEEE STD 1005-and conventional faults. As the memory array architecture and/or cell structure varies, the targeted fault set may change. We have developed a flash-memory fault simulator called RAMSES-FT, with which we can easily analyze and verify the coverage of targeted faults under any given test algorithm. In addition, the RAM test algorithm generator-test algorithm generator by simulation-has been enhanced based on RAMSES-FT, so that one can easily generate tests for flash memories, whether they are bit- or word-oriented. The proposed fault diagnosis methodology helps improve the production yield. We also develop a built-in self-diagnosis (BISD) scheme-a BIST design with diagnosis support. The BISD circuit collects useful test information for off-chip diagnostic analysis. It has unique test mode control that reduces test time and diagnostic data shift-out cycles by a parallel shift-out mechanism
Detecting objects in image collections using bipartite graph matching

Object-based image retrieval (OBIR) problem, in which the user is only interested in a fraction of the image, remains unsatisfactory, as it relies highly on accuracy. To address this problem, a novel method basing on bipartite graph matching is proposed in this paper. On the basis of the extraction of image features, we define a cost function according to the bipartite graph theory and minimize it by using the optimization technique to obtain an optimal map. Then, we calculate the mahalanobis distance to eliminate the mismatched points, since it takes into account the distribution of matched points. Finally, we apply the measure of coefficient of variation to evaluate the discrete degree and rerank the retrieved images. The experimental results on real video sequences and Caltech256 dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Enhanced production of HD and D2 molecules on small dust grains in diffuse clouds

Motivated by recent observations of deuterated molecules in the interstellar medium, we examine the production of HD and D 2 molecules on dust grain surfaces. A mechanism for the enhanced production of these deuterated molecules is studied. This mechanism applies on grain surfaces on which D atoms stick more strongly than H atoms, under conditions of low flux and within a suitable range of temperatures. It is shown that under these conditions the production rates of HD and D 2 are greatly enhanced (versus the H 2 production rate) compared with the expected rates based on the adsorption of gas-phase atomic abundances of D and H. The enhancement in the formation rate of HD is comparable to the enhancement due to gas-phase ion-molecule reactions in diffuse clouds.
Loss and People with Autism in Read

Exploring contemporary theory and practice surrounding loss and bereavement for people with an Intellectual Disability (ID), this book brings together international contributors with a range of academic, professional and personal experience. This authoritative edited book looks at diverse experiences of loss across this population whether it be loss due to transition, the loss or death of others, or facing their own impending death. The book begins by offering theoretical perspectives on loss and compassion, bereavement, disenfranchised grief, spirituality, and psychological support. It then addresses contemporary practice issues in health and care contexts and explores loss for specific communities with ID including children, individuals with autism, those in forensic environments, and those at the end of life. Identifying inherent challenges that arise when supporting individuals with ID experiencing loss, and providing evidence and case studies to support best practice approaches, this book will be valuable reading for students, academics and professionals in the fields of disability, health
Palm print recognition using Local Binary Pattern operator and support vector machines

This paper presents a novel technique of obtaining the Region of Interest (ROI) which is square-shaped. After palm print segmentation, we perform texture feature extraction using Local Binary Pattern (LBP) based on the directional gradient response. With the feature vectors so obtained we perform matching using Support vector machines (SVM) and also using the Chi-square distance measurement. The experimental results presented in this paper show significant improvement in the performance of the biometric system with a combination of LBP and SVM.