Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Optimization Model for Clustering Categorical Data Streams with Drifting Concepts

There is always a lack of a cluster validity function and optimization strategy to find out clusters and catch the evolution trend of cluster structures on a categorical data stream. Therefore, this paper presents an optimization model for clustering categorical data streams. In the model, a cluster validity function is proposed as the objective function to evaluate the effectiveness of the clustering model while each new input data subset is flowing. It simultaneously considers the certainty of the clustering model and the continuity with the last clustering model in the clustering process. An iterative optimization algorithm is proposed to solve an optimal solution of the objective function with some constraints. Furthermore, we strictly derive a detection index for drifting concepts from the optimization model. We propose a detection method that integrates the detection index and the optimization model to catch the evolution trend of cluster structures on a categorical data stream. The new method can effectively avoid ignoring the effect of the clustering validity on the detection result. Finally, using the experimental studies on several real data sets, we illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in clustering categorical data streams, compared with existing data-streams clustering algorithms.
Evolution of Dust in Primordial Supernova Remnants: Can Dust Grains Formed in the Ejecta Survive and Be Injected into the Early Interstellar Medium?

We investigate the evolution of dust that formed at Population III supernova (SN) explosions and its processing through the collisions with the reverse shocks resulting from the interaction of the SN ejecta with the ambient medium. In particular, we investigate the transport of the shocked dust within the SNR and its effect on the chemical composition, the size distribution, and the total mass of dust surviving in SNRs. We find that the evolution of the reverse shock, and hence its effect on the processing of the dust, depends on the thickness of the envelope retained by the progenitor star. Furthermore, the transport and survival of the dust grains depend on their initial radius, aini, and composition: for Type II SNRs expanding into the ISM with a density of nH,0 = 1 cm-3, small grains with aini ≲ 0.05 μm are completely destroyed by sputtering in the postshock flow, while grains with aini = 0.05-0.2 μm are trapped into the dense shell behind the forward shock. Very large grains of aini ≳ 0.2 μm are ejected into the ISM without decreasing their sizes significantly. We find that the total mass fraction of dust that is destroyed by the reverse shock ranges from 0.2 to 1.0, depending on the energy of the explosion and the density of the ambient ISM. The results of our calculations have significant impact on the abundance pattern of the second-generation stars that form in the dense shell of primordial SNRs.
An integrated system for advanced water risk management based on cloud computing and IoT

Nowadays, the research and industrial communities are focusing their efforts on the adoption of Cloud computing for a massive interaction with the physical environment. At the same time the concept of Internet of Things (IoT), in which several embedded systems are interconnected over the Internet, is becoming more and more popular. In this context, the SIGMA project aims to exploit Cloud technologies to collect, integrate, and process heterogeneous pieces of data coming from different wireless sensor networks (e.g., meteorological, seismic, and water observatories) with the purpose to build a distributed risk management system for controlling and monitoring both environmental and industrial risks for people and things. In this paper, we specifically discuss on how SIGMA enables users to manage risks related to water. In particular, we will discuss how the whole SIGMA stack works describing the whole process from the moment in which water sensed data (e.g., turbidity, speed, methane, dissolved oxygen, water level, etc) are collected from heterogeneous sensor networks to the moment in which the Cloud-based system uniforms and stores them for processing.
Using radius to improve robot localization and mapping

In this work, we have tried to integrate the radius estimation, in the process of simultaneous localization and mapping. Our aim was the improvement of data association between circular natural landmark, and robot's global map. And also, to demonstrate that, more we extract additional information from measurement, more the landmarks will be distinguishable; consequently, contributing to better locating the robot, and building the map of its environment.
Applications : sensibilité à l ’ orientation des contours visuels , formation de structures corticales et hallucinations visuelles

Dans ce troisième chapitre, nous traiterons trois exemples d’application des notions introduites dans le chapitre théorique sur les bifurcations. Ces exemples illustrent pleinement l’importance des mathématiques dans la communauté des neurosciences. Le premier exemple traité porte sur un modèle décrivant la sensibilité neuronale à l’orientation des contours visuels et consiste en une analyse en bifurcation au voisinage d’une instablité en présence de symétrie où un stimulus vient briser la symétrie du problème. Le deuxième exemple repose sur un ancien article de Ermentrout et Cowan [7] permettant d’obtenir la formation de structures corticales via un mécanisme de Turing pour les équations de champs neuronaux. Ces structures corticales constituent le premier exemple d’hallucinations géométriques visuelles retrouvées à l’aide des outils mathématiques. Les outils utilisés dans cette partie seront très proches de ceux communément employés pour décrire la formation de structures géométriques dans les équations de réaction-diffusion (voir le livre de Murray [10] et de Hoyle [9] pour de nombreux exemples en biologie et [3] pour le côté neuroscience). Dans la dernière partie on étudiera un modèle qui combine astucieusement les deux exemples déjà traités, modélisant le cortex de manière plus fonctionelle, et qui a permis aux auteurs [4] de trouver de nouvelles hallucinations géométriques visuelles. 1 Le “ring model” de perception des orientations des contours visuels 1.
Remote Calibration and Trajectory Replanning for Robot Manipulators Operating in Unstructured Environments

In this work the problem of remote calibration and trajectory replanning for a subsea robotic manipulator is considered. Because the trajectory planning is normally done in a structured environment, several uncertainties arise when the robot is placed on the seabed and these need to be compensated for to guarantee that the task specifications are fulfilled. We address the particular problem of configuration errors in the robot base with respect to the configuration used during the off-line trajectory planning. A calibration method based on both internal and external sensors is presented in order to estimate the uncertainty in the location of the robot. Moreover, a trajectory replanning strategy in the Cartesian velocity space is proposed to guarantee that the originally planned trajectory is followed. Simulation and experiments performed with a 6-DoF robot manipulator and a real calibration grid show the viability of the proposed planning and control schemes.
THE NOT-SO-POPULAR BRANCH: BICAMERALISM AS A COUNTER-MAJORITARIAN DEVICE.

We estimate a model of voting in Congress that allows for dispersed information about the quality of proposals in an equilibrium context. The results highlight the effects of bicameralism on policy outcomes. In equilibrium, the Senate imposes an endogenous supermajority rule on members of the House. We estimate this supermajority rule to be about four-fifths on average across policy areas. Moreover, our results indicate that the value of the information dispersed among legislators is significant, and that in equilibrium a large fraction of House members (40-50%) vote in accordance with their private information. Taken together, our results imply a highly conservative Senate, in the sense that proposals are enacted into law only when it is extremely likely that their quality is high.
How Robust Are Character-Based Word Embeddings in Tagging and MT Against Wrod Scramlbing or Randdm Nouse?

This paper investigates the robustness of NLP against perturbed word forms. While neural approaches can achieve (almost) human-like accuracy for certain tasks and conditions, they often are sensitive to small changes in the input such as non-canonical input (e.g., typos). Yet both stability and robustness are desired properties in applications involving user-generated content, and the more as humans easily cope with such noisy or adversary conditions. In this paper, we study the impact of noisy input. We consider different noise distributions (one type of noise, combination of noise types) and mismatched noise distributions for training and testing. Moreover, we empirically evaluate the robustness of different models (convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, non-neural models), different basic units (characters, byte pair encoding units), and different NLP tasks (morphological tagging, machine translation).
Larger columns and change of lysis buffer increase the yield of cell-free DNA extracted from amniotic fluid.

Cell-free fetal nucleic acids (cffDNA) are present in maternal plasma and serum (1), but amniotic fluid (AF) also provides an attractive source of cffDNA. The concentration of cffDNA is 100- to 200-fold higher in AF than in maternal plasma/serum (2), but low yields of cffDNA compromise testing by techniques such as genomic microarrays, which require a minimum of 100 ng of DNA (3). For protocol optimization, we used 5 large-volume AF supernatant samples from patients who had undergone therapeutic amnioreduction for twin-twin transfusion syndrome. After optimization, we compared the DNA yield of the old and new protocols for freshly discarded AF supernatant samples from 29 euploid singleton pregnancies. Approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Boards of Tufts-New England Medical Center and Women and Infant’s Hospital. The median gestational age at amniocentesis …
An energy-efficient coverage hole detection technique for randomly deployed wireless senor networks

Achieving full sensing coverage is a critical issue in wireless sensor networks applications such as military surveillance and environmental monitoring. In such applications, a large number of sensors are randomly deployed with helicopter passing over the area of interest. This method of deployment is the main reason for the emergence of holes in the deployed network. These holes have its effect on the performance of the applications. Therefore, it should be detected well regardless of its size or location. Many techniques were proposed to solve the problem of coverage hole detection. The performance of all these techniques is affected by a main parameter which is the average node degree measured by the nodes in the network. Researchers always tend to reduce this value. Reducing the average node degree helps in decreasing the communication cost of the detection protocol. In this paper, we propose a distributed energy-efficient coverage hole detection technique with average node degree equal 3 in most cases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the least value among all other previously proposed techniques.
Characterization and Comparison of Recombinant Simian Immunodeficiency Virus from Drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus) and Mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) Isolates

ABSTRACT Since simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) was found to be the source of the human AIDS pandemic, a major goal has been to characterize the diversity of SIV strains in the wild and to assess their potential for crossover into humans. In the present study, SIV was isolated from a seropositive drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus) and three seropositive mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) by using macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Full-length sequences were obtained from a drill and mandrill and designated SIVdrl1FAO and SIVmnd5440, respectively. A 182-bp fragment of the pol genes of the two remaining mandrill SIV isolates was also analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that SIVdrl1FAO formed a monophyletic clade with SIVmnd5440 and SIVmndM14, recently designated SIVmnd type 2. Both the SIVdrl and SIVmnd type 2 genomes carried a vpx gene and appeared to share a common ancestor with SIVrcm in the 5′ region of the genome and with SIVmndGB1 (type 1) in the 3′ region of the genome. A statistically significant recombination breakpoint was detected at the beginning of envelope, suggesting that the viruses were descendents of the same recombinant. Phylogenetic analysis of vpx and vpr genes demonstrated that the vpx genes formed a monophyletic cluster that grouped with vpr from SIVagm. In addition, both SIVdrl1FAO and SIVmnd5440 replicated in human PBMC and therefore could pose a risk of transmission to the human population.
A Non-Standard Methodology to Measure Tourist Satisfaction ( ⋆ ) Una metodologia non standard per la misurazione della tourist satisfaction

The modern discipline of customer care is paying more and mor e attention on the centrality of customers in the modern business organizatio n. It is even more true if we consider the tourist industry where the market globalizati on and the competition of the emerging Countries is getting more and more hard. Nowadays it is unimaginable to plan a new kind of touristic se rvice/product not considering the needs of the customers, their homeland and t he satisfaction level of their travel. Acquiring just one more tourist is similar to throw a stone in to a pond, which only makes positive shockwaves. That means added value and occupation for business. This effect becomes stronger and stronger if we consider a happy tourist , satisfied of his destination and who wants to come back to the same place for a longer period . It spars off a winning marketing mechanism, that is the so called ’word of mouth’. Several researches, based on some classical models well kno wn i literature, have studied the matter of the customer satisfaction applicatio n. They measure the customer satisfaction computing the differential among the expecta tions and the perceptions (Zeithaml et al, 1990, Parasuraman et al., 1994) or quantify i g directly the perceptions (Lee et al. 2000), in order to obtain a customer satisfaction index linked to the tourist destination. In this work we propose a methodology to measure the tourist s atisfaction (TS) based on the employment of a strategy of non-parametric models, whos e aim is to individualize a set of optimal weights for the construction of a synthetic i ndicator of customer satisfaction. The knowledge of the role played by the latent dimensions of the satisfaction allows to support the management in the allocation of resour ces.
HMSS: A High Performance Host-Managed Shingled Storage System Based on Awareness of SMR on Block Layer

Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) delivers high storage capacity with minimal changes to current production infrastructure. However, it sacrifices random-write capabilities of the devices due to overlaps in the layout of data tracks. This prevents SMR from being widely adapted in practice. In this paper, we present a Host-Managed Shingled Storage (HMSS) system, which supports random writes and provides high performance. HMSS is SMR aware on the block layer and hides the peculiarity of SMR from the upper level. HMSS employs a dynamic address mapping table to ensure that data is written to the sequential-write-required bands through sequential appending. The address mapping table is managed using a very high performance B+ tree and stored in the conventional zone. To reduce the storage overhead of address mapping table, a small amount of conventional zone is used as data cache to aggregate longer contiguous updated LBAs which will be mapped to contiguous PBAs when data is moved from cache to bands. This scheme can not only efficiently make the address mapping table become smaller, but also significantly reduce the number of unavailable space introduced by data update in bands. The performance has been tested and compared with HDD, Flashcache and SSWD. Our measurements implemented in Linux kernel 3.13 show that HMSS provides superb performance. For example, the HMSS is about 62%, 45% and 95% better than HDD, Flashcache and SSWD respectively in random writes.
Human Being Properties of Saplings Growing up Algorithm

The human culture and cognition are consequence of the thinking capability of human, and thinking is a social activity. People have similar idea and opinion interacts, and interactions force people to have similar idea and interaction take place locally. However, its effect is global. In this study, we try to determine define the computational thinking for saplings growing up algorithm (SGuA) which belongs to evolutionary algorithms. Thinking capability can be defined based on the process interaction for similar solutions. SGuA has four operators: mating, branching, vaccinating and surviving. We determined the computational thinking capability for each operator. Finally, we determined computational thinking capability of SGuA.
On the Rationality of the Appearance of Consciousness

This paper tries to reveal the rationality of the appearance of consciousness in the evolution of the universe. Difficulties in understanding consciousness can be boiled down to two problems: the possibility of causality breaking and the origination of truth. By virtue of structural information from the neural networks, this paper gives a causality breaking description of the nervous system and promoted that the biological feelings can be abstracted as a mapping from the nervous system to the world of cognition. Cognition reflects the causality conserving experience, at the same time, it's also connected with the causality breaking expectations. The mathematical description of transformation law provides a proper definition of truth, which makes cognition possible and integrate the framework. The hole theory is consistent with structures of the nervous system and biological feelings, which makes it a scientific framework of understanding consciousness.
JackIn head: an immersive human-human telepresence system

Sharing full immersive experience in real-time has been the one of ultimate goals of telecommunication. Possible application can include various applications such as entertainment, sports viewing, education, social network and professional assistance. Recent head-worn wearable camera enables to shoot the first person video, however, view of angle is limited with the head direction of the person who is wearing, and also captured video is shaky that makes us dizzy. We propose JackIn Head, an immersive experience sharing system with wearable camera headgear that provides 360 degrees spherical images of the user's surrounding environment. JackIn Head system performs spherical video stabilization and transmits it to other users, so that they are able to view shared video comfortably and also look around at the scene from a different view angle independently from the first person. In this note, we explain the overview of the JackIn Head system implementation, stabilization and viewing experience.
A study of alert-based collaborative defense

We propose a framework for collaborative defense by extending the original distributed intrusion detection model. It contains alert's collector, extractor, analyzer, report's generator, alert warehouse and alert's analysis. Besides, we develop a hybrid approach to share security information like raising the wolf smoke to warn partners. By the security information sharing, the members of CSIRT can obtain the solutions of defense, such as blacklists, detection rules, and security knowledge about alerts. The framework provides a solution to build effective cooperative security teams for academia and industry. We evaluate the feasibility of our framework and track the spreading behaviors of the SQL Slammer Worm. As a result, we can deploy security system more widely and detect the aggressor's behavior more accurately. The alert-based collaborative defense mechanism can help members to evaluate the impact of the threats and take proper actions to mitigate the risk.
Looking to the future of research in pediatric anxiety disorders

Objective: The rapid emergence of translational developmental neuroscience as the key driver in understanding the onset of mental illness, the restructuring of academic health science centers on the NIH Roadmap, and dramatic shifts in drug, biological, device, and psychosocial intervention development all have important consequences for pediatric anxiety disorders as a field. Method: This article, which tracks the final presentation at a day‐long symposium on pediatric anxiety disorders at the 2010 annual meeting of the Anxiety Disorders Association of America (ADAA), will try to outline where the field will head over the next decade as these forces combine to shape research and practice. Results: After 20 years of large comparative treatment trials that have defined the place of current generation treatments, the field is shifting toward interventions that will emerge from the revolution in translational developmental neuroscience and that herald the dawn of stratified and ultimately personalized medicine. With a much more efficient discovery to translational continuum, intervention development and dissemination will benefit from the concurrent transformation of the clinical and clinical research enterprise. Conclusion: Dramatic advances in science and changes in the structure of medicine will condition the future of clinical research across every therapeutic area in medicine. For the field of pediatric anxiety disorders to thrive it will be important to embrace and actively participate in this revolution so that anxious youth are viewed as a key target population and, consequently, preemptive, preventive, and curative interventions will be developed for children by first intent. Depression and Anxiety, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cognitive artifacts

Artifacts pervade our lives, our every activity. The speed, power, and intelligence of human beings are drambtically enhanced by the invention of artificial devices, so much so that tool making and usage constitute one of the defining characteristics of our species. Many artifacts make us stronger or faster, or protect us from the elements or predators, or feed and clothe us. And many artifacts make us smarter, increasing cognitive capabilities and making possible the modern intellectual world.