Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular Functions of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Plants

The past decade has seen dramatic changes in our understanding of the scale and complexity of eukaryotic transcriptome owing to the discovery of diverse types of short and long non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). While short ncRNA-mediated gene regulation has been extensively studied and the mechanisms well understood, the function of long ncRNAs remains largely unexplored, especially in plants. Nevertheless, functional insights generated in recent studies with mammalian systems have indicated that long ncRNAs are key regulators of a variety of biological processes. They have been shown to act as transcriptional regulators and competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), to serve as molecular cargos for protein re-localization and as modular scaffolds to recruit the assembly of multiple protein complexes for chromatin modifications. Some of these functions have been found to be conserved in plants. Here, we review our current understanding of long ncRNA functions in plants and discuss the challenges in functional characterization of plant long ncRNAs.
Effect of Perioperative Systemic &agr;2 Agonists on Postoperative Morphine Consumption and Pain Intensity: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background: Systemic &agr;2 agonists are believed to reduce pain and opioid requirements after surgery, thus decreasing the incidence of opioid-related adverse effects, including hyperalgesia. Methods: The authors searched for randomized placebo-controlled trials testing systemic &agr;2 agonists administrated in surgical patients and reporting on postoperative cumulative opioid consumption and/or pain intensity. Meta-analyses were performed when data from 5 or more trials and/or 100 or more patients could be combined. Results: Thirty studies (1,792 patients, 933 received clonidine or dexmedetomidine) were included. There was evidence of postoperative morphine-sparing at 24 h; the weighted mean difference was −4.1 mg (95% confidence interval, −6.0 to −2.2) with clonidine and −14.5 mg (−22.1 to −6.8) with dexmedetomidine. There was also evidence of a decrease in pain intensity at 24 h; the weighted mean difference was −0.7 cm (−1.2 to −0.1) on a 10-cm visual analog scale with clonidine and −0.6 cm (−0.9 to −0.2) with dexmedetomidine. The incidence of early nausea was decreased with both (number needed to treat, approximately nine). Clonidine increased the risk of intraoperative (number needed to harm, approximately nine) and postoperative hypotension (number needed to harm, 20). Dexmedetomidine increased the risk of postoperative bradycardia (number needed to harm, three). Recovery times were not prolonged. No trial reported on chronic pain or hyperalgesia. Conclusions: Perioperative systemic &agr;2 agonists decrease postoperative opioid consumption, pain intensity, and nausea. Recovery times are not prolonged. Common adverse effects are bradycardia and arterial hypotension. The impact of &agr;2 agonists on chronic pain or hyperalgesia remains unclear because valid data are lacking.
Developments in the assessment of creep strain and ductility data

Technical support to the European Creep Collaborative Committee (ECCC) is provided by WG1 and its subgroups. The main role of WG1 is to provide recommendations on procedures for data generation, collation and assessment to form the basis of common practices followed within ECCC [1]. However, the recommendations are published and are thereby available to other users. They are acknowledged to have influenced several important testing and assessment standards (e.g. [2–4]). Two WG1 sub-groups focus specifically on the provision of procedures relating to post service exposed materials (WG1.1) and creep crack initiation data (WG1.2). Following a short historical review of developments relating to the assessment of creep rupture data, the paper focuses on some present activities of WG1 (the membership of WG1 is given in Appendix C). During the ECCC ADVANCED-CREEP initiative (2001–2005), the main concerns of the group are the analysis of creep deformation and ductility properties for application to the assessment of components and multi-axial features.
Accommodating logical logging under fuzzy checkpointing in main memory databases

This paper presents a simple and effective method to reduce the size of log data for recovery in main memory databases. Fuzzy checkpointing is known to be very efficient in main memory databases due to asynchronous backup activities. By this feature, most recovery works in the past have used only physical logging schemes. Since the size of physical log records is quite large, physical logging schemes cause the recovery time to be much longer than that using logical logging schemes. We propose a hybrid logging method that can accommodate logical logging under fuzzy checkpointing. This method significantly decreases the size of log data, and hence speeds up the recovery time. We also propose a reapplying rule in segmented MMDB, which reduces the number of log records for recovery. We evaluate the performance of the proposed methods through analytic analyses. The results show that we can reduce the size of log data to more than half, compared with those that use only physical logging.
On the Theory of Leptons

3la,r-Plancl,-lnslihtt ]iir l'bysi],"-(;dllingen, In the last few years the theory of hyperons and heavy ll.esons made a great progress and it became clear that the invarianee of the theory against rotalions in isotopic space plays a, important r61e. In this p~per we wmlld like to discuss a new invarianee principle upon which many properties of leptons can be explained. According to the well-known classification of interactions, all interactions ale divided into three classes: (a) charge independent interactions, (b) eleetrolnagnetie interactions, and (c) weak interactions. Since leptons have no interactions of the type (a), let us first study if there is any invarianee property in the electromagnetic interaction of leptons. We start with stating the following theorem: Theorem I. The t'ollowin~" two sets, of field equations (1) and (2) lead ~o the same N lnatrix: (1) (Proof.) It, is ('le~u' |hat the set (1) is transformed into (2) undeJ l! w ~rans. formation
Identification of fault specific key variables using a modified Bhattacharyya coefficient

As process industries grow in complexity, detection, diagnosis and correction become more and more difficult owing to the large number of variables that have to be monitored. Many trouble shooting problems can be effectively handled by monitoring only a small subset of the entire set of process variables. In this paper we propose a metric based on Bhattacharyya distance to measure the extent of similarity of a particular fault operation w.r. t the normal in any subset of variables. Then using this similarity metric, a scheme is proposed to systematically identify a small number of key variables for a particular fault. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through the benchmark Tennessee Eastman Challenge problem and is compared with other distribution and distance based metrics in literature and PCA based contribution charts.
Improving the efficiency and stability of organic light-emitting devices using mixed emitting layers

We studied an organic light emitting device (OLED) involving electroluminescence from a mixed layer consisting of a hole transport material (HTM) and an emitting electron transport material (ETM) and including thin electron and hole injection contacts. A naphthyl-substituted benzidine derivative (NPB) and tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (ALQ3) are used as the HTM and the emitting ETM, respectively. Following a control-experiment approach, the efficiency and the operational lifetime of OLEDs adopting the new structure are compared to those of conventional bilayer devices made of the same materials and fabricated under the same conditions. Efficiency is calculated from the luminance-current density-voltage characteristics. Lifetime tests are carried at constant current density in dry air. Photoluminescence is used to detect changes in the quantum efficiency of the ALQ3 on mixing with the HTL. Compared to a conventional bilayer device, the new device structure leads to approximately 50 percent higher efficiency and an order of magnitude increase in the operational lifetime. The higher efficiency is attributed to (i) reduced leakage of charge carrier to the electrodes, (ii) exciton confinement away from the metal cathode, and (iii) higher quantum efficiency of the emitting electron transport material due to mixing with the hole transport material. Possible reasons for the higher stability are also discussed.
Flexible speaker adaptation using maximum likelihood linear regression

Substituted acetylenes wherein the amino and acetylene groups are directly connected to aromatic ring carbon atoms and wherein the substituted acetylene has at least 3 carbon atoms and a hydroxyl group on the carbon atom adjacent to the acetylene group are claimed as new compositions of matter. The new compositions are prepared by the selective reduction of the corresponding nitroaromatic by contacting the nitroaromatic and free molecular hydrogen with a catalyst consisting essentially of ruthenium. A new process is also described for the preparation of an aminophenylacetylene.
Fractalkine, a CX3C chemokine, is expressed by dendritic cells and is up‐regulated upon dendritic cell maturation

The lone CX3C chemokine, fractalkine (FK), is expressed in a membrane‐bound form on activated endothelial cells and mediates attachment and firm adhesion of T cells, monocytes and NK cells. We now show that FK is associated with dendritic cells (DC) in epidermis and lymphoid organs. In normal human skin, dual‐color fluorescence microscopy co‐localized FK expression with Langerhans cells expressing CD1a. In tonsil, FK‐positive DC expressed CD83, a marker for mature DC. Human and murine cultured DC up‐regulated FK mRNA expression with maturation. Furthermore, CD40 ligation, but not TNF‐α or lipopolysaccharide treatment, of activated, migratory DC that had migrated from skin explants resulted in a 2.5‐fold increase of surface expression of FK without significant alterations of expression of CD80, CD86, CD54 or MHC class II. Since FK mediates adhesion of T cells to activated endothelial cells, the increased expression of FK during DC maturation (and particularly by CD40 ligation) may play a role in the ability of T cells and mature DC to form conjugates and engage in cell‐cell communication.
Challenge in route discovery process of dynamically arranged multitier Protocol in wireless network

In this paper we find the route discovery medium from wireless networks. Routing a packet from a sender to a receiver in an adhoc wireless sensor network, in which the nodes are open to move arbitrarily and organize themselves. Here we discovered a correct path for transmission of data according to route discovery problem. The main thing of the challenge is that in these types of networks there are no base stations so that the nodes themselves performs also functions such as switches and forwarding information to their receiver while coping with the dynamically changing network topology. A route between the sender and the receiver is available as soon as possible because each node contains routing tables which provide the information about the next node on the route. Routing table's management requires that every node to exchange routing tables with its neighborhood whenever a topology changed is identified then re-generates the routes based on the updated information. Different Protocols are define in which a route-discovery phase follow the transmission of a data. In addition to incurring delay due to the route discovery process there is no assurance that the route discovered is functional because of node mobility. In these protocols, the information on the route between sender and receiver is provided in terms of the network topology that means the route is provided by as a sequence of nodes. In this paper we find the route discovery with dynamically adhoc wireless networks because every route transmits the data according to path.
Linking Online Gaming and Addictive Behavior: Converging Evidence for a General Reward Deficiency in Frequent Online Gamers

Millions of people regularly play so-called massively multiplayer online role playing games (MMORPGs). Recently, it has been argued that MMORPG overuse is becoming a significant health problem worldwide. Symptoms such as tolerance, withdrawal, and craving have been described. Based on behavioral, resting state, and task-related neuroimaging data, we test whether frequent players of the MMORPG “World of Warcraft” (WoW) – similar to drug addicts and individuals with an increased risk for addictions – show a generally deficient reward system. In frequent players of the MMORPG “World of Warcraft” (WoW-players) and in a control group of non-gamers we assessed (1) trait sensitivity to reward (SR), (2) BOLD responses during monetary reward processing in the ventral striatum, and (3) ventral-striatal resting-state dynamics. We found a decreased neural activation in the ventral striatum during the anticipation of both small and large monetary rewards. Additionally, we show generally altered neurodynamics in this region independent of any specific task for WoW players (resting state). On the behavioral level, we found differences in trait SR, suggesting that the reward processing deficiencies found in this study are not a consequence of gaming, but predisposed to it. These findings empirically support a direct link between frequent online gaming and the broad field of behavioral and drug addiction research, thus opening new avenues for clinical interventions in addicted gamers and potentially improving the assessment of addiction-risk in the vast population of frequent gamers.
Designing fuzzy inference systems from data: An interpretability-oriented review

Fuzzy inference systems (FIS) are widely used for process simulation or control. They can be designed either from expert knowledge or from data. For complex systems, FIS based on expert knowledge only may suffer from a loss of accuracy. This is the main incentive for using fuzzy rules inferred from data. Designing a FIS from data can be decomposed into two main phases: automatic rule generation and system optimization. Rule generation leads to a basic system with a given space partitioning and the corresponding set of rules. System optimization can be done at various levels. Variable selection can be an overall selection or it can be managed rule by rule. Rule base optimization aims to select the most useful rules and to optimize rule conclusions. Space partitioning can be improved by adding or removing fuzzy sets and by tuning membership function parameters. Structure optimization is of a major importance: selecting variables, reducing the rule base and optimizing the number of fuzzy sets. Over the years, many methods have become available for designing FIS from data. Their efficiency is usually characterized by a numerical performance index. However, for human-computer cooperation another criterion is needed: the rule interpretability. An implicit assumption states that fuzzy rules are by nature easy to be interpreted. This could be wrong when dealing with complex multivariable systems or when the generated partitioning is meaningless for experts. The paper analyzes the main methods for automatic rule generation and structure optimization. They are grouped into several families and compared according to the rule interpretability criterion. For this purpose, three conditions for a set of rules to be interpretable are defined.
Adiabatic flip-flops based on CPAL with channel length bias

This paper focuses on leakage reduction of adiabatic sequential circuits by using the gate-length biasing techniques in nanometer CMOS process. All circuits are simulated using HSPICE, and the BSIM4 model is adopted to reflect the characteristics of the leakage currents. Taken as an example, total power consumptions of a traffic light controller based on two-phase CPAL (complementary pass-transistor adiabatic logic) have been investigated in different frequencies. Simulation results show that the gate-length biasing techniques for adiabatic flip-flops increases slightly the delay of the gates and dynamic power of the circuits, and thus the sizes of gate-length have to be carefully considered.
Interval-Analysis-Based Determination of the Wrench-Feasible Workspace of Parallel Cable-Driven Robots

This paper deals with the wrench-feasible workspace (WFW) of n-degree-of-freedom parallel robots driven by n or more than n cables. The WFW is the set of mobile platform poses for which the cables can balance any wrench of a given set of wrenches, such that the tension in each cable remains within a prescribed range. Requirements of nonnegative cable tensions, as well as maximum admissible tensions, are thus satisfied. The determination of the WFW is an important issue since its size and shape are highly dependent on the geometry of the robot and on the ranges of allowed cable tensions. The approach proposed in this paper is mainly based on interval analysis. Two sufficient conditions are presented, namely, a sufficient condition for a box of poses to be fully inside the WFW and a sufficient condition for a box of poses to be fully outside the WFW. These sufficient conditions are relevant since they can be tested, with the means to test them being discussed in the paper. Used within usual branch-and-prune algorithms, these tests enable WFW determinations in which full-dimensional sets of poses (volumes) are found to lie within or, on the contrary, to lie outside the WFW. This provides a useful alternative to a basic discretization, the latter consisting of testing a discrete (zero-dimensional) finite set of poses. In order to improve the efficiency of the computations, a means to mitigate the undesirable effects of the so-called wrapping effect is introduced. The paper also illustrates how the proposed approach is capable of dealing with small uncertainties on the geometric design parameters of a parallel cable-driven robot.
Growth in Total Height and Its Components and Cardiometabolic Health in Childhood

Background Short stature or short legs is associated with cardiometabolic disease. Few studies have addressed this issue in children, incorporated repeated measures, or studied modern cohorts. Methods We examined if change in total height, leg length and trunk length between two time points from early (median: 3.2 years) to mid-childhood (median: 7.7 years), with and without adjustment for concurrent change in adiposity (subscapular plus triceps skinfold thickness), was associated with mid-childhood cardiometabolic risk in 315 boys and 295 girls from Project Viva. The main outcome was a cardiometabolic risk score based on sex-specific internal z-scores for systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Results Mean (SD) total height was 97.9 (4.5) cm in boys and 97.1 (4.7) cm in girls in early childhood and 129.1 (7.2) cm in boys and 128.3 (7.9) cm in girls in mid-childhood. Trunk length constituted about half of total height. In linear regression models adjusted for parental anthropometry and socio-demographics, faster growth in total height, leg length and particularly trunk length, were associated with higher cardiometabolic risk in mid-childhood. Per 1 cm annual increase in trunk length, the cardiometabolic risk score was 0.23 z-score (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.08, 0.39) higher among boys and 0.47 z-score (95% CI 0.33, 0.60) higher among girls. Estimates were attenuated after adjusting for adiposity (boys: 0.03 z-score, 95% CI -0.11, 0.18; girls: 0.32 z-score, 95% CI 0.19, 0.45). Conclusion Rapid linear growth, particularly in trunk length, was associated with higher cardiometabolic risk in childhood, which was explained by relationships of linear growth with adiposity in boys, but only partly in girls.
Characterising Data Mining software

The ever-increasing number of fielded Data Mining applications is evidence that the technology works and produces added value in a variety of business areas. Most of the research-lab generated algorithms have found their way under various guises in a number of commercial software packages. When considering the use of Data Mining, the average business user is now faced with a plethora of DM software to choose from. In order to be informed, such a choice requires a standard basis from which to compare and contrast alternatives along relevant, business-focused dimensions, as well as the location of candidate tools within the space outlined by these dimensions. This paper aims at meeting this business requirement. It presents a standard schema for the characterisation of Data Mining software tools and the results of a recent survey of 41 popular Data Mining tools described within this schema.
Effects of heat stress on mammalian reproduction

Heat stress can have large effects on most aspects of reproductive function in mammals. These include disruptions in spermatogenesis and oocyte development, oocyte maturation, early embryonic development, foetal and placental growth and lactation. These deleterious effects of heat stress are the result of either the hyperthermia associated with heat stress or the physiological adjustments made by the heat-stressed animal to regulate body temperature. Many effects of elevated temperature on gametes and the early embryo involve increased production of reactive oxygen species. Genetic adaptation to heat stress is possible both with respect to regulation of body temperature and cellular resistance to elevated temperature.
Apes in Space: Saving an Imperilled Orangutan Population in Sumatra

Deforestation rates in Sumatra are amongst the highest in the tropics. Lowland forests, which support the highest densities of orangutans, are particularly vulnerable to clearance and fragmentation because they are highly accessible. Consequently, many orangutans will, in the future, live in strictly or partially isolated populations. Whilst orangutans have been extensively studied in primary forests, their response to living in human-dominated landscapes remains poorly known, despite it being essential for their future management. Here, we focus on an isolated group of critically endangered Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii) that co-exist with farmers in a mixed agroforest system consisting of degraded natural forest, smallholder (predominantly rubber) farms and oil palm plantations. Over 24 months we conducted the first ever spatial assessment of orangutan habitat use in the human-transformed landscape of Batang Serangan, North Sumatra. From 1,204 independent crop-raiding incidents recorded, orangutans showed strong foraging preference for mixed farmland/degraded forest habitat over oil palm patches. The core home range areas of the eight adult orangutans encompassed only 14% of the available study area. Monthly home range sizes averaged 423 ha (±139, SD) for males, and 131±46 ha for females, and were positively influenced by wild and cultivated fruit presence, and by crop consumption. The average daily distance travelled was similar for both adult males (868 m±350, SD) and females (866 m±195), but increased when orangutans raided crops. These findings show that orangutans can survive, demographically, in certain types of degraded landscapes, foraging on a mixture of crops and wild fruits. However, the poor quality habitat offered to orangutans by oil palm plantations, in terms of low food availability and as a barrier to female movements, is cause for concern since this is the land use type that is most rapidly replacing the preferred forest habitat across both Sumatran and Bornean orangutan ranges.