Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Obtención de compuesto de titanio con gradiente de porosidad mediante técnica pulvimetalúrgica

RESUMEN En el estudio de biomateriales de uso implantológico para la fabricación de distintos tipos de prótesis, el titanio es un metal que ha sido utilizado exitosamente debido a su buena resistencia a la corrosión y a su buena resistencia mecánica. A pesar de los avances realizados, en la actualidad aún subsisten algunos problemas con este material en aplicaciones de reemplazo óseo debido al alto valor de módulo elástico de este metal (110 GPa) en relación al del hueso cortical (20-30 GPa) y al hueso trabecular (1-5 GPa). Esta diferencia en los módulos elásticos del titanio y le hueso es una de las principales causas de falla del proceso de implantación de prótesis óseas. El fallo se debe al fenómeno de apantallamiento de tensiones (stress shielding) que genera una disminución en la densidad ósea (osteopenia) debilitando el hueso que eventualmente termina por romperse. Una de las técnicas utilizadas para disminuir el módulo elástico del titanio consiste en la fabricación de un compuesto poroso mediante técnicas pulvimetalúrgicas, sinterizando una mezcla de polvos de titanio y agentes espaciadores que se eliminan durante el tratamiento térmico. Por las características estructurales de los huesos, es lógico pensar en la posibilidad de fabricar prótesis con gradiente de porosidad, replicando de alguna manera, la estructura del mismo. Otra de las problemáticas que se presentan en el uso de titanio para implantes es la incapacidad del mismo en promover los procesos biológicos de osteointegración. Existen distintas propuestas para disminuir este problema. Una es la incorporación de hidroxiapatita (HA) con el fin de promover los fenómenos de osteointegración. Sin embargo, la hidroxiapatita(HA) se descompone en presencia de titanio a las temperaturas normales de sinterización de este metal, degradando el compuesto en poco tiempo. En este trabajo se exponen los resultados obtenidos en la fabricación de muestras de titanio con gradiente de porosidad radial a partir del sinterizado de una mezcla de hidruro de titanio y bicarbonato de amonio. Para la obtención de las muestras se estudiaron distintas técnicas de fabricación analizando las distintas etapas en la técnica pulvimetalurgica (mezcla de polvos, distintos métodos de prensado para la fabricación de modelos en verdes y tratamientos térmicos de sinterizado). El material obtenido fue caracterizado mecánicamente mediante ensayo de compresión para determinar su módulo de elasticidad. En las muestras ensayadas con gradiente de porosidad radial se obtuvieron valores de módulo elástico de 16,4 a 20 GPa. Así mismo se realizó la caracterización física de la porosidad con distintos métodos (análisis metalográfico y métodos gravimétricos). Los resultados indican que las muestras con porosidad radial tienen una porosidad promedio del 18%. Los datos obtenidos se utilizaron para estimar el módulo de elasticidad del compuesto y comparar estos resultados con datos empíricos obtenidos mediante ensayos de compresión.
Palm oil and blood lipid-related markers of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary intervention trials.

BACKGROUND Palm oil (PO) may be an unhealthy fat because of its high saturated fatty acid content. OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess the effect of substituting PO for other primary dietary fats on blood lipid-related markers of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). DESIGN We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary intervention trials. Studies were eligible if they included original data comparing PO-rich diets with other fat-rich diets and analyzed at least one of the following CHD/CVD biomarkers: total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, TC/HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol, triacylglycerols, apolipoprotein A-I and B, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipoprotein(a). RESULTS Fifty-one studies were included. Intervention times ranged from 2 to 16 wk, and different fat substitutions ranged from 4% to 43%. Comparison of PO diets with diets rich in stearic acid, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) showed significantly higher TC, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A-I, whereas most of the same biomarkers were significantly lower when compared with diets rich in myristic/lauric acid. Comparison of PO-rich diets with diets rich in trans fatty acids showed significantly higher concentrations of HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I and significantly lower apolipoprotein B, triacylglycerols, and TC/HDL cholesterol. Stratified and meta-regression analyses showed that the higher concentrations of TC and LDL cholesterol, when PO was substituted for MUFAs and PUFAs, were not significant in young people and in subjects with diets with a lower percentage of energy from fat. CONCLUSIONS Both favorable and unfavorable changes in CHD/CVD risk markers occurred when PO was substituted for the primary dietary fats, whereas only favorable changes occurred when PO was substituted for trans fatty acids. Additional studies are needed to provide guidance for policymaking.
Diabetic nephropathy – complications and treatment

Diabetic nephropathy is a significant cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure globally. Much research has been conducted in both basic science and clinical therapeutics, which has enhanced understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy and expanded the potential therapies available. This review will examine the current concepts of diabetic nephropathy management in the context of some of the basic science and pathophysiology aspects relevant to the approaches taken in novel, investigative treatment strategies.
Pathophysiology of Tumor Neovascularization

Neovascularization is essential to the process of development and differentiation of tissues in the vertebrate embryo, and is also involved in a wide variety of physiological and pathological conditions in adults, including wound repair, metabolic diseases, inflammation, cardiovascular disorders, and tumor progression. Thanks to cumulative studies on vasculature, new therapeutic approaches have been opened for us to some life-threatening diseases by controlling angiogenesis in the affected organs. In cancer therapy, for example, modulation of factors responsible for tumor angiogenesis may be beneficial in inhibiting of tumor progression. Several antiangiogenic approaches are currently under preclinical trial. However, the mechanisms of neovascularization in tumors are complicated and each tumor shows unique features in its vasculature, depending on tissue specificity, angiogenic micromilieu, grades and stages, host immunity, and so on. For better understanding and effective therapeutic approaches, it is important to clarify both the general mechanism of angiogenic events and the disease-specific mechanism of neovascularization. This review discusses the general features of angiogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions, mainly in tumor progression. In addition, recent topics such as contribution of the endothelial progenitor cells, tumor vasculogenic mimicry, markers for tumor-derived endothelial cells and pericytes, and angiogenic/angiostatic chemokines are summarized.
Initial herpes simplex virus type 1 infection prevents ganglionic superinfection by other strains

The ganglia of rabbits infected with a relatively benign strain of herpesvirus (E-43) and challenged with either of two virulent neurotrophic strains (MP or McKrae) were found to be colonized only by the initial benign infecting strain. Primary infection with the E-43 strain resulted in milder disease when the animals were infected with MP or McKrae strains and also prevented colonization of the ganglion by these strains. Neutralization with anti-glycoprotein C, plaque morphology, cytopathic effects, reconstruction experiments, and restriction endonuclease analysis indicated that the virus recovered from the ganglion was the initial infecting E-43 strain; no traces of the challenging MP and McKrae strains were found. The challenging McKrae strain was shed for several weeks in a few animals, but the virus isolated from the trigeminal ganglia of these animals was the primary infecting E-43 strain. These results suggest that initial infection with a relatively benign strain of herpesvirus may prevent superinfection of the ganglion (but not necessarily the end organ) by highly virulent herpes simplex virus strains and could have significant implications in the consideration of immunization against this disease in humans.
Aggregation/disaggregation of chlorophyll a in model phospholipid—detergent vesicles and micelles

The photosynthetic pigments of higher plants exist in complex oligomeric states, which are difficult to study in vivo . To investigate aggregation processes of chlorophyll a (Chl a ), we used an in vitro reconstitution procedure, with this pigment incorporated into liposomes of 1,2-dimyristoyl- sn -glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), micelles and pre-micelle media of the detergent n -dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC), and mixed, spontaneous, DMPC—DTAC vesicles and micelles. Chl a oligomers were characterized by UV-visible absorption, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence, and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Equivalent diameters of the colloidal structures were obtained by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. In DMPC liposomes and DMPC—DTAC vesicles and micelles, three fluorescence lifetimes indicated the coexistence of Chl a monomers (≈5 ns) and oligomers (≈1t–2 to ≈0.1 ns). The increase in DTAC amount, in the mixed system, induces a progressive solubilization of DMPC liposomes (from vesicles to micelles) and simultaneous disruption of Chl a aggregates; in pure DTAC micelles, mostly monomers were found. The present work aims for a better understanding of chlorophyll—chlorophyll (Chl—Chl), Chl—lipid, and Chl—detergent interactions in spontaneous colloidal micro- and nanostructures.
Fatal group C streptococcal infection due to transfusion of a bacterially contaminated pooled platelet unit despite routine bacterial culture screening

BACKGROUND: An elderly man with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia developed respiratory distress and died less than 48 hours after transfusion of a pool of eight whole blood–derived platelets (PLTs). Blood cultures from the recipient and cultures of remnants from the pooled PLT bag grew group C streptococci (GCS). An investigation was conducted to identify both the infection's source and the reasons for the false‐negative screening result.
Tumor delineation: The weakest link in the search for accuracy in radiotherapy

Radiotherapy is one of the most effective modalities for the treatment of cancer. However, there is a high degree of uncertainty associated with the target volume of most cancer sites. The sources of these uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the motion of the target, patient setup errors, patient movements, and the delineation of the target volume. Recently, many imaging techniques have been introduced to track the motion of tumors. The treatment delivery using these techniques is collectively called image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT). Ultimately, IGRT is only as good as the accuracy with which the target is known. There are reports of interobserver variability in tumor delineation across anatomical sites, but the widest ranges of variations have been reported for the delineation of head and neck tumors as well as esophageal and lung carcinomas. Significant interobserver variability in target delineation can be attributed to many factors including the impact of imaging and the influence of the observer (specialty, training, and personal bias). The visibility of the target can be greatly improved with the use of multimodality imaging by co-registration of CT with a second modality such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or positron emission tomography. Also, continuous education, training, and cross-collaboration of the radiation oncologist with other specialties can reduce the degree of variability in tumor delineation.
TECHNOLOGIES FOR SKIN DELIVERY OF HYDROPHILIC MOLECULES AND MACROMOLECULES

The objective of this work was to optimize a gel formulation of cimetidine to maximize its transdermal delivery across microporated skin. Specifically, the effect of extent of ionization in formulation on permeation of cimetidine across microporated skin was studied. Cimetidine was formulated into a gel using propylene glycol, water and carbopol 980NF. Three strengths of gels (0.1% w/w, 0.5% w/w and 0.8% w/w) were made and Tris base was used to adjust the pH of formulations to pH 5, pH 6.8 and pH 7.5. In vitro permeation testing was performed on vertical Franz cells with dermatomed porcine ear skin. Permeation studies suggested that pH 5 gels showed highest permeation through microchannels. This trend was more prominent with an increase in drug loading. The total amount of cimetidine delivered from 0.8% w/w gel at pH 5 at 24 h was 28.20 ± 4.63 μg, which was significantly higher than that from pH 6.8 (16.89 ± 3.56 μg) and pH 7.5 (12.03 ± 1.66 μg) gels. Cimetidine permeation across microporated skin was found to be pH dependent, with lower pH/ highest ionization resulting in greatest permeation. The effect of ionization contributing to faster release was more pronounced when drug concentration was increased.
Monitoring in chronic disease: a rational approach

> “Know which abnormality you are going to follow during treatment. Pick something you can measure. ” > > Meador C. A Little Book of Doctors' Rules.Lyons: IARC Press, 1999 The ritual of routine visits for most chronic diseases usually includes monitoring to check on the progress or regress of the disease and the development of complications. Such checks require that we choose what to monitor, when to monitor, and how to adjust treatment. Poor choices in each can lead to poor control, poor use of time, and dangerous adjustments to treatment. For example, an audit of serum digoxin monitoring in a UK teaching hospital more than 20 years ago showed that the logic behind more than 80% of the tests requested could not be established, the timing of tests reflected poor understanding of the clinical pharmacokinetics, and about one result in four was followed by an inappropriate clinical decision.1 Improvements are possible. For example, a computerised reminder of inappropriate testing reduced the volume of testing for the concentration of antiepileptic drugs by 20%2; a decision support system for anticoagulation with warfarin led to an improvement from 45% to 63% of patients being within target range3; and quality control charts for peak flow measurements for people with asthma could detect exacerbations four days earlier than conventional methods.4 Given the extent of monitoring, even modest improvements are likely to improve benefits for patients and may reduce costs. Monitoring is periodic measurement that guides the management of a chronic or recurrent condition. It can be done by clinicians, patients, or both. In Australia, monitoring comprises between a third and half of all tests ordered in general practice and outpatients (Pirozzo, personal communication, 2002). Despite the considerable staff time and resources involved, monitoring is a surprisingly understudied area. We review the current literature (based on a Medline search using the terms “monitor*“, …
Secure communication between lightweight computing devices over the Internet

The advent of light, low-power handheld computer devices such as Windows CE, Palm/sup TM/ and Handspring, is changing the way in which mobile users interact with their home office. These devices can be connected to the Internet through both physical and wireless connections, and sensitive data transferred to and from these devices are subject to interception by a third party. Real-time encryption/decryption of data in handheld computers is complicated by the limited computing power available in these devices. In this paper we describe a method for secure transmission of data between remote handheld devices and other users (including other handheld devices) on the Internet. The system relies on one-time-pad technology which is ideally suited for handheld computing. The process of encrypting/decrypting data requires very little computation, and the generation of the random pads can be accomplished outside of the handheld devices. A prototype system is described which permits secure transmission of data through IR, radio Ethernet, or physical connection.
International Journal of Enterprise Computing and Business Systems Evaluating the Impact of Different Types of Inheritance on the Object Oriented Software Metrics

Object Oriented Metrics plays a pivotal role in the development of fault free software product. Object Oriented Metrics are mainly designed for Object Oriented Systems which are based on the principles of Localization, Abstraction, Encapsulation, Information Hiding and Inheritance. This research paper focuses on effects of inheritance on object oriented metrics. A Software company schema is taken and different designs are made showing different level of inheritance. Chidamber & Kemerer metric suit is calculated for each design and the results are evaluated.
Constant-Round Concurrent Zero Knowledge from P-Certificates

We present a constant-round concurrent zero-knowledge protocol for NP. Our protocol relies on the existence of families of collision-resistant hash functions, and a new, but in our eyes, natural complexity-theoretic assumption: the existence of P-certificates-that is, "succinct" non-interactive proofs/arguments for P. As far as we know, our results yield the first constant-round concurrent zero-knowledge protocol for NP with an explicit zero-knowledge simulator based on any assumption.
Regulation of the proteome by amino acids

Besides their main contribution as substrates for protein synthesis, amino acids as signaling molecules could exert some regulatory functions on protein synthesis and/or proteolysis that have been emphasized in a number of recent studies. Several publications have highlighted supplemental roles of those amino acids in protein metabolism as well as in immunity, heat shock response, or apoptosis processes. In this way, via their regulatory properties, selected amino acids (such as leucine, glutamine, arginine, citrulline, or methionine) directly influence the proteome. In this review, we are proposing an overview of the regulation of the proteome by amino acids in mammals.
29.2 A transmitter and receiver for 100Gb/s coherent networks with integrated 4×64GS/s 8b ADCs and DACs in 20nm CMOS

At rates of 100Gb/s and above, CMOS DSP-based transceivers integrated with high-sampling-rate data converters are critical to realize the phase-sensitive modulation schemes based on coherent detection that are essential to metro and long-haul networks [1]. To support dual-polarization QPSK format, quad low-power DACs and ADCs are needed and precise phase alignment has to be maintained between XI, XQ, YI, and YQ channels, in order to transmit and extract the phase information in the coherent system, as shown in Fig. 29.2. 1. For long-haul transmission at 100Gb/s, because of the FEC overhead, the baud rate per channel can be as high as 32Gb/s. In addition, the receiver often requires double sampling at 64GS/s for robust clock-data recovery and SNR improvement for stressed channels. Double sampling also enables the DSP to implement more complicated equalization schemes and more flexible spectrum engineering at high frequency on the transmitter side. This paper reports the receiver and transmitter fully integrated in a 100G coherent DSP chip, using 4×64GS/s ADCs and DACs with 8b resolution, fabricated in a standard 20nm CMOS process.
The Journal of Systems and Software

Frameworks are reusable software composed of concrete and abstract classes that implement the functionality of a domain. Applications reuse frameworks to enhance quality and development efﬁciency. However, frameworks are hard to learn and reuse. Application developers must understand the complex class hierarchy of the framework to instantiate it properly. In this paper, we present an approach to build a Domain-Speciﬁc Modeling Language (DSML) of a framework and use it to facilitate framework reuse during application development. The DSML of a framework is built by identifying the features of this framework and the information required to instantiate them. Application generators transform models created with the DSML into application code, hiding framework complexities. In this paper, we illustrate the use of our approach in a framework for the domain of business resource transactions and a experiment that evaluated the efﬁciency obtained with our approach.
Multiscale analysis of emulsions and suspensions with surface effects

The goal of this thesis is to study multiscale problems dealing with the flow of a viscous fluid containing rigid or fluid particles by variational convergence methods. In particular we focus on fluid emulsions and magnetorheological fluids. In the first part of the work, Chapters one and two, we consider a periodic emulsion formed by two Newtonian fluids in which one fluid is dispersed under the form of droplets of arbitrary shape, in the presence of surface tension. We assume the droplets have fixed centers of mass and are only allowed to rotate. The non-dilute case was studied by LiptonAvellaneda [32] and Lipton-Vernescu [33]. Here we are interested in the time-dependent, dilute case when the characteristic size of the droplets a , of arbitrary shape, is much smaller than the period length . The main result of this chapter is the attainment of the limit functional by Γ–convergence. Our approach is supported on two pylons: on the use of Marchenko and Khruslov type of sequences (see [11], [60]) to identify the limit functional, and on an estimate of the stress in terms of the radius of the droplet (see [37]). We obtain a Brinkman type of fluid flow for the critical size a = O( ) as a replacement of the Stokes flow of the emulsion. Additionally, using Mosco convergence and semigroup theory we extend the convergence to the parabolic case. For the case when the droplets convect with the flow, it can be shown again using Moscoconvergence that, as the size of the droplets converges to zero faster than the distance between the droplets, the emulsion behaves in the limit like the continuous phase and no “strange” term appears. Moreover, we determine the rate of convergence of the velocity field for the emulsion to that of the velocity for the one fluid problem in both the H and L norms. Additionally, a second order approximation is determined in terms of the bulk and surface polarization tensors for the cases of uniform and non-uniform surface tension. Furthermore, for the case of spherical droplets we recover Taylor’s formula for the emulsion viscosity [57]. The second part of this work is devoted to the study of magnetorheological (MR) flows. We consider a suspension of rigid magnetizable particles in a viscous fluid with an applied external magnetic field. We assume the fluid to be electrically non-conducting. Thus, we use the quasi-static Maxwell equations coupled with the Stokes equations to capture the magnetorheological effect. We upscale using two scale asymptotic expansions to obtain the effective equations consisting of a coupled nonlinear system in a connected phase domain as well as the new constitutive laws. The proposed model generalizes the model in [46] by coupling the velocity of the fluid and the magnetic field intensity. Using the finite element method we compute the effective coefficients for the MR fluid. We analyze the resulting MR model for Poiseuielle and Couette flows and compare with experimental data for validation.