Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Integrated Error Processing and Fault Diagnosis in Multiprocessor Systems

This paper deals with multiprocessor systems required to provide both high performance and good figures of dependability attributes. Fault tolerance is pursued through a proper combination and integration of a diagnostic mechanism, called a - count, with simple instances of redundancy-based error processing structures. The resulting fault tolerance strategies are then evaluated through a stochastic simulation approach, as dictated by the high interdependence of the selected mechanisms. The analysis is mainly carried out in terms of performability, which shows to be an appropriate measure to evaluate whether a certain design is "better" than another under dependability and performance points of view.
Protocol insecurity with finite number of sessions is NP-complete

Abstract: We investigate the complexity of the protocol insecurity problem for a finite number of sessions (fixed number of interleaved runs). We show that this problem is NP-complete in a Dolev-Yao model of intruders. The result does not assume a limit on the size of messages and supports nonatomic symmetric encryption keys. We also prove that in order to build an attack with a fixed number of sessions the intruder needs only to forge messages of polynomial size, provided that they are represented as dags.
Inflammatory mediators promote strong sickle cell adherence to endothelium under venular flow conditions

Adherence of sickle erythrocytes to endothelium in venules is thought to initiate or propagate vaso‐occlusive episodes. Because of blood shear forces with normal microvascular flow, adherence in post‐capillary venules requires binding via high‐affinity receptor‐mediated pathways. Microvascular flow in sickle patients is episodic, even in asymptomatic patients, so adherence may also occur at low shear not requiring high‐affinity binding. Sickle cell binding to endothelium was quantified under flow or static incubation with unusually large vWF, thrombospondin, α4β1/VCAM‐1 or α4β1/fibronectin (FN). Adherence under flow at 0.5 dyne/cm2 shear stress leads to the greatest number of adherent sickle cells. Adherence under flow at 1.0 dyne/cm2 leads to the strongest adherence. Static incubation conditions promote weak adherence of low numbers of sickle cells to endothelium. Following attachment at 1.0 dyne/cm2, adherence strength was 2.5 ± 0.1 or 2.6 ± 0.2 dynes/cm2 for α4β1/VCAM‐1 or α4β1/FN pathways, a level 50% greater than adherence strength mediated by thrombospondin or ULvWF (1.7 ± 0.08 or 1.6 ± 0.07 dynes/cm2, respectively). Sickle cell adhesion promoted by simultaneous activation of α4β1/VCAM‐1 and α4β1/FN pathways is the strongest at 6.2 ± 0.2 dynes/cm2 and adherent red cells resist detachment shear stresses up to 10 dynes/cm2. These data demonstrate that sickle cell adhesion to endothelium is regulated both by receptor/ligand affinity and flow conditions. Thus, both microvascular flow conditions and receptor–ligand interactions may regulate sickle cell adherence in vivo. Am. J. Hematol. 73:215–224, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Precursors to morality in development as a complex interplay between neural, socioenvironmental, and behavioral facets

Significance Research in the past decade indicates that the building blocks of morality are present very early in development. However, little is known about the neural and environmental mechanisms underlying their emergence. Here we show, for the first time, to our knowledge, using multiple levels of analysis, the complex integration of bottom–up and top–down processes in sociomoral evaluation. Brain wave differences elicited by witnessing the prosocial and antisocial behaviors of others predicted infants and toddlers’ subsequent attraction to prosocial others and were associated with parental values of justice and fairness. This developmental social neuroscience perspective provides empirical and theoretical clarity to the biological basis and brain–behavior processes involved in moral sensitivity. The nature and underpinnings of infants’ seemingly complex, third-party, social evaluations remain highly contentious. Theoretical perspectives oscillate between rich and lean interpretations of the same expressed preferences. Although some argue that infants and toddlers possess a “moral sense” based on core knowledge of the social world, others suggest that social evaluations are hierarchical in nature and the product of an integration of rudimentary general processes such as attention allocation and approach and avoidance. Moreover, these biologically prepared minds interact in social environments that include significant variation, which are likely to impact early social evaluations and behavior. The present study examined the neural underpinnings of and precursors to moral sensitivity in infants and toddlers (n = 73, ages 12–24 mo) through a series of interwoven measures, combining multiple levels of analysis including electrophysiological, eye-tracking, behavioral, and socioenvironmental. Continuous EEG and time-locked event-related potentials (ERPs) and gaze fixation were recorded while children watched characters engaging in prosocial and antisocial actions in two different tasks. All children demonstrated a neural differentiation in both spectral EEG power density modulations and time-locked ERPs when perceiving prosocial or antisocial agents. Time-locked neural differences predicted children’s preference for prosocial characters and were influenced by parental values regarding justice and fairness. Overall, this investigation casts light on the fundamental nature of moral cognition, including its underpinnings in general processes such as attention and approach–withdrawal, providing plausible mechanisms of early change and a foundation for forward movement in the field of developmental social neuroscience.
Possible standard specimens for neutron diffraction residual stress measurements

Increasingly, sub-surface residual stress measurements by means of neutron diffraction are being conducted at various laboratories around the world. Unlike X-ray diffraction residual stress measurement setups, neutron instruments in use worldwide vary widely in design, neutron flux, and level of dedication towards residual stress measurements. Although confidence in the neutron technique has increased within the materials science and engineering communities, no demonstration of standardization or consistency between laboratories has been made. One of the steps in the direction of such standardization is the development of standard specimens, that have well characterized residual stress states and which could be examined worldwide. In this paper the authors will examine two options for a neutron stress standard specimen: (1) a steel ring-plug specimen with very well defined diametrical interference; (2) a spot weld in a High Strength Low Alloy steel disk. The results of neutron residual stress measurements on these specimens will be discussed and conclusions as to their usefulness as neutron stress standards will be presented.
Verification of completeness and consistency in knowledge-based systems : A design theory

Verification of knowledge-bases is a critical step to ensure the quality of a knowledge-based system. The success of these systems depends heavily on how qualitative the knowledge is. Manual verification is however cumbersome and error prone, especially for large knowledge-bases. This thesis provides a design theory, based upon the suggested framework by Gregor and Jones (2007). The theory proposes a general design of automated verification tools, which have the abilities of verifying heuristic knowledge in rule-based systems utilizing certainty factors. Included is a verification of completeness and consistency technique customized to this class of knowledge-based systems. The design theory is instantiated in a real-world verification tool development project at Uppsala University. Considerable attention is given to the design and implementation of this artifact – uncovering issues and considerations involved in the development process. For the knowledge management practitioner, this thesis offers guidance and recommendations for automated verification tool development projects. For the IS research community, the thesis contributes with extensions of existing design theory, and reveals some of the complexity involved with verification of a specific rule-based system utilizing certainty factors.
Chapter 11 Modifying Dendritic Structure After Function

Neurons develop highly specialized dendritic architecture for certain operations of information processing in the brain. In this chapter, we review the development and regulation of characterized patterns of dendritic morphology and arrangement of bipolar neurons in the auditory brainstem, an excellent example of highly specialized dendritic architecture for their function in temporal coding and coincidence detection. We describe dramatic dynamics of the dendrites in both developing and mature systems and discuss the role of afferent synaptic input in influencing both the size of dendritic tree and the pattern of dendritic arborizations. The unique dendritic structure of these neurons provides an advantageous model for further understanding of the specific roles of neurotransmission, calcium signaling, protein synthesis, and cytoskeletal regulation in this important form of brain dynamics. Importantly, these neurons are highly conserved structurally and functionally across vertebrates including humans, emphasizing stereotyped dendritic regulation that is evolutionarily conserved for fundamental information processing operations in the vertebrate brain.
Effects of endurance training on the breathing pattern of professional cyclists.

The aim of this longitudinal study was to clarify the changes induced by endurance training on the breathing pattern of 13 professional cyclists (age+/-SD: 24+/-2 years; VO(2 max) approximately 75 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) during the three periods (rest, precompetition, and competition) of a sports season. Both the volume and the intensity of training were quantified during these periods. In each session (corresponding to each of the three periods) all subjects performed (1) a pulmonary function test (to measure forced vital capacity [FVC], peak expiratory flow [PEF], and maximal voluntary ventilation [MVV]), and (2) a ramp test until exhaustion on a cycle ergometer (workload increases of 25 W x min(-1)). The following variables were recorded every 100 W until the end of the tests: pulmonary ventilation (VE, in l x min(-1) BTPS), tidal volume (VT, inl BTPS), breathing frequency (f(b), in breaths x min(-1)), ventilatory equivalents for oxygen (VE x VO(2)(-1)) and carbon dioxide (VE x VCO(2)(-1)), inspiratory (TI) and expiratory (TE) times (s), ratio of TI to total respiratory duration or inspiratory "duty cycle" (TI/TTOT, and mean inspiratory flow rate (VT)/TI), in l x s(-1)). The results showed no changes in any of these variables (p>0.05) between the three periods of study, despite significant changes in training loads (i.e., increases in the volume and/or intensity of training throughout the season). These findings suggest that endurance conditioning does not alter the breathing pattern of professional cyclists during an incremental exercise test.
Capacitance Response of Polysiloxane Films with Interdigital Electrodes to Volatile Organic Compounds

Typical interdigital capacitive sensors (IDC-S), are made of an inert substrate over which two planar interdigital electrodes are deposited. One chemical sensitive layer is then deposited over the electrodes. The sensitive layer can be chosen according to its partition coefficient to a given organic volatile. The change in capacitance of these sensors by the sorption of the analyte molecules depends on the changes in the dielectric permittivity and on swelling of the polymer layer. These types of sensors enable a wide choice of polymeric sensitive layers, which can be especially chosen for the case studied. If several sensors with different sensitive layers are used to make a sensor array it is then possible to evaluate complex gas samples. Two different polymeric layers are studied, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyocthylmethylsiloxane (POMS) for different volatile organic compounds in aqueous solutions. Introduction Typical IDC-S are made of an inert substrate over which the two comb electrodes are deposited. One chemical sensitive layer (usually a polymer) is then deposited over the electrodes (see Fig. 1). Polymers have been used for organic vapor sensing because they exhibit rapid reversible vapor sorption and are easy to apply as thin or thick films by a variety of techniques [1]. V=0 V=0 V=0 V=0 V=0 V=0 V=0 -V +V +V -V +V +V -V -V substrate sensitive layer
The Rac Exchange Factor Tiam1 Is Required for the Establishment and Maintenance of Cadherin-based Adhesions*

Rho family proteins are essential for the formation of adherens junctions, which are required for the maintenance of epithelial integrity. Activated Rac and the Rac exchange factor Tiam1 have been shown to promote the formation of adherens junctions and the accompanying induction of an epithelioid phenotype in a number of cell lines. Here we show that Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells in which Tiam1 was down-regulated using short interfering RNA disassembled their cadherin-based adhesions and acquired a flattened, migratory, and mesenchymal morphology. In addition, the expression of E1A in mesenchymal V12Ras-transformed Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells led simultaneously to the up-regulation of the Tiam1 protein, the activation of Rac, the formation of cadherin-based adhesions, and reversion to an epithelial phenotype. This finding suggests that E1A induces an epithelial morphology through the up-regulation of Tiam1 and, thereby, the activation of Rac and the formation of cadherin-based adhesions. Indeed, we found that E1A is able to induce an epithelial-like morphology accompanied by the formation of cadherin-based adhesions only in wild-type but not in Tiam1-deficient primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. These studies indicate that the Rac activator Tiam1 is essential for the formation as well as the maintenance of cadherin-based adhesions.
Clinically useful anticancer, antitumor, and antiwrinkle agent, ursolic acid and related derivatives as medicinally important natural product

Medicinal plants are becoming an important research area for novel and bioactive molecules for drug discovery. Novel therapeutic strategies and agents are urgently needed to treat different incurable diseases. Many plant derived active compounds are in human clinical trials. Currently ursolic acid is in human clinical trial for treating cancer, tumor, and skin wrinkles. This review includes the clinical use of ursolic acid in various diseases including anticancer, antitumor, and antiwrinkle chemotherapies, and the isolation and purification of this tritepernoid from various plants to update current knowledge on the rapid analysis of ursolic acid by using analytical methods. In addition, the chemical modifications of ursolic acid to make more effective and water soluble derivatives, previous and current information regarding, its natural and semisynthetic analogs, focusing on its anticancer, cytotoxic, antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, acetyl cholinesterase, α-glucosidase, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective activities, briefly discussion is attempted here for its research perspectives. This review article contains fourteen medicinally important ursolic acid derivatives and 351 references.
Mitochondrial toxicity of cardiac drugs and its relevance to mitochondrial disorders

Introduction: One target of toxicity caused by cardiac drugs is the mitochondrion. This review focuses on the mitochondrion-toxic effects of cardiac drugs and the extent to which mitochondrion-mediated side effects influence the treatment of cardiac disease in mitochondrial disorders (MIDs). Areas covered: Areas discussed in this review include the pathogenesis of mitochondrion toxicity and the mechanisms by which cardiac drugs exhibit their mitochondrion-toxic effect. Whenever available, the mitochondrion-toxic effect of cardiac drugs in patients with a MID is highlighted. Expert opinion: Most of the drugs used in cardiology are somewhat mitochondrion-toxic. The degree of toxicity, however, is variable and dependent on the type of drug, tissue, organ, subject, cell system investigated, the co-medication, and the conditions under which the investigations have been carried out. Abnormalities induced by mitochondrion-toxic cardiac drugs include impairment of respiratory chain functions resulting in reduced ATP production, increased production of reactive oxygen species with increased oxidation of proteins or lipids, reduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis. Several other mitochondrial functions may be additionally impaired by culprit compounds. Cardiac drugs that should be applied with particular caution in patients with MIDs include amiodarone, phenytoin, lidocaine, quinidine, isoproterenol, clopidogrel, acetyl-salicylic acid and molsidomine.
Avoiding spurious TCP timeouts in wireless networks by delay injection

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) has been designed to provide reliable transport of packets by adjusting the transmission rate to the network congestion level. While TCP can adapt to small fluctuations in the delay between the sender and the receiver, adverse affects (most importantly, spurious timeouts) have been observed under large delay variability. We exhibit the presence of such delay spikes in wireless networks and discuss their possible origins. We then investigate a new methodology for avoiding spurious TCP timeouts by appropriately injecting additional random delay along the communication path. Different algorithms for the delay injection are presented and we assess their relative performances and merits through simulations. In particular, we show, by numerical examples, that the delay injection methodology can significantly decrease the number of timeouts and increase the achieved TCP throughput by about 8% in the network scenario considered. One of the attractive features of the new methodology is that it does not require any changes to the TCP and can be applied independently of the TCP version used.
Nurses' approaches towards sexuality of adolescent patients in Turkey.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to determine the approaches regarding sexuality of nurses caring for adolescent patients in Turkey. METHOD The sample includes nurses caring for adolescent patients in hospitals located in major cities of Turkey. There were 571 responses from the 783 nurses who were given the questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of three sections. The instrument used in this study was developed by Wall-Haas. Multiple analyses of variance in SPSS version 11.5 was used in the comparison of the scores obtained from the instrument. RESULTS Approximately 69% of nurses stated that concerns about sexuality should be a routine component of nursing care; 70.5% of nurses stated that nursing interventions dealing with concerns about sexuality increases the patient's well being. About 70% stated that discussing sexual issues with children is the responsibility of their parents. Half of the nurses had difficulty in initiating a discussion about sexuality with their patients. CONCLUSION The findings in this study point out that the nurses' approaches towards adolescent sexuality are rather conservative. They were not comfortable talking about issues of sexuality with adolescent patients. The nurses were aware of the importance of sexuality for an adolescent patient; however, they were not able to reflect this awareness in their practice. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The aim of this study is to draw the nurses' attention to adolescent sexuality and to review their attitudes towards sexuality. Hence, the nurses will be able to notice their difficulties related to sexual issues and cope with them. As a result, they will be able to give holistic care to their patients.
Direct bonding of patterned surfaces

Direct bonding is a process by which two sufficiently flat and clean surfaces can bond to each other without any added adhesive layer. Direct bonding of patterned surfaces is often used for the fabrication of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), where a silicon wafer with cavities is bonded to a plain wafer. The fabrication of these devices is expensive and it would be useful to have guidelines when designing knew devices to know in advance if direct bonding will be possible.A 2D simulation model of the direct bonding of two substrates is developed and usedto study the influence of the cavities on the bonding wave velocity. The prediction of the simulation run with Comsol® are in good coherence with the experimental measures and a 2D law of the bonding velocity is obtained. The bonding of perfectly flat wafers with cavities should always be possible. Limitations to the bonding of real wafers are due to the elastic energy cost of deforming the non perfectly flat wafers. This limit is reached easily when the bonding wave must cross a trench, so a design with a small bonding guide to help cross the cavity will work best. The width of this wave guide should be chosen by considering the bow of the wafer. Indeed the second important design rule is to keep a bonding area big enough to have more adhesion energy than the elastic energy cost due to non flat wafers deformation.The adhesion energy is an important parameter of the direct bonding, as it is theenergy that drives the adhesion. This adhesion energy is different from the more widely known bonding energy which is the energy needed to separate two previously bonded wafers. In this work a simple method to measure the adhesion is proposed. Long time measurement of the evolution of the adhesion energy lead us to propose a mechanism for its evolution linked to the formation of capillary bridges between rough surfaces.
Positive Feedforward Control of Three-Phase Voltage Source Inverter for DC Input Bus Stabilization With Experimental Validation

A positive feedforward (PFF) controller is proposed as a new active approach to improve stability of a three-phase voltage source inverter. In particular, the proposed approach solves the source subsystem interaction problem, i.e., a system stability degradation which is commonly observed when the inverter is connected to a dc voltage source subsystem that presents finite Thévenin impedance. The implemented strategy is to combine the PFF control with the conventional negative feedback (NFB) control. When properly designed, the PFF control modifies the inverter input impedance in the frequency range where the subsystem interaction occurs. As a result, the PFF control stabilizes the dc bus voltage ensuring overall system stability, while allowing the NFB control to maintain good output voltage regulation performance. The approach results in greatly improved stability and damping of the dc bus voltage with a slight reduction of output FB control bandwidth. Complete small-signal models are presented on a dq rotating frame using g-parameter representation. The design criteria for the PFF controller as well as the tradeoff between dynamic output performance and stability improvement are discussed in detail. An extended analysis of stability based on minor loop gain and passivity concept at the dc input bus is also presented. The approach is validated by experimental results.