Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on pulmonary gas exchange in patients with severe pneumonia: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND It has been hypothesized that local release of prostacyclin in acute pneumonia may ablate hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, thus contributing to the impairment of pulmonary gas exchange in these patients. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase pathway could prevent this phenomenon by reducing the release of these metabolites. METHODS A study was designed to assess the effect of I.V. acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (2 g) on pulmonary gas exchange in seven patients (age, 64+/-11 [mean+/-SD] years) with unilateral severe pneumonia (PaO2/fraction of inspired oxygen, 168+/-67) needing mechanical ventilation. Respiratory gases, pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics, and ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) distributions were studied before and 15 and 60 min after the infusion of ASA. RESULTS At baseline, the amount of shunt (VA/Q ratios <0.005) was 28+/-17% of cardiac output, blood flow to areas with low VA/Q ratios (<0.1, excluding shunt) was 8+/-7%, and the dispersion of pulmonary blood flow distribution (second moment, log SD Q) was 1.45+/-0.49 (normal range, 0.3 to 0.6). Sixty minutes after the infusion of ASA, we observed a mild reduction of the amount of shunt, from 28+/-17% to 23.5+/-13% (p<0.05) without changes in arterial oxygenation. This was associated with a significant increase in mean pulmonary artery pressure (from 21.9+/-3.6 to 24.4+/-5.1 and 23.9+/-5.3 mm Hg, p<0.025 and p=0.1) and pulmonary vascular resistance (from 1.4+/-0.9 to 1.8+/-0.8 and 1.8+/-1.3 mm Hg x min x L(-1) , p<0.002 and p=0.11) 15 and 60 min after ASA, respectively. The ASA plasma levels were within the normal therapeutic range (120+/-7 microg/mL, 15 min, and 113+/-11 microg/mL, 60 min after ASA infusion). CONCLUSIONS Although there was a modest improvement in intrapulmonary shunt, our results suggest that perfusion of ASA in this small sample of patients with severe pneumonia appears to be of little benefit as complementary treatment for severe hypoxemia.
How Opportunities Develop in Social Entrepreneurship

The purpose of this article was to extend existing research on opportunity identification in the social entrepreneurship literature through empirically examining this phenomenon. We used an inductive, theory–building design that surfaced patterns in social value creation across multiple case studies. The patterns showed actors seeing a social need and prospecting ideas that could address it. Data also revealed multiple, not individual, actors, dynamically engaged in interactions that nudged an opportunity into manifestation. Also, data suggested complementarities to effectuation and rational/economic processes that are divergent theoretical approaches to the study of entrepreneurship to date.
Meniscal tears left in situ during anatomic single bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

OBJECTIVES Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are a common finding in sports medicine. Our scope is to investigate whether stable, incomplete medial meniscus tears could be left untreated during single bundle anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective observational study on 597 knees from a single surgeon cohort, using the same reconstruction technique, found 23 medial and 48 lateral meniscus tears which could be left untreated. RESULTS None of the cases required reintervention during the first postoperative year. In fact, 21.7% of the medial meniscus group and 14.6% of the lateral group had potential residual symptoms that were not confirmed and gradually disappeared within one year. A comparison of Cincinnati Knee, IKDC scores and limb symmetry index values (calculated using the triple hop for distance into the two groups) found no differences for the last two variables (both p = 0.065) and was marginal for the first score (p < 0.05). The between groups comparisons, performed in the KT-1000, also yielded no difference (p = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS We than concluded that incomplete meniscal tears, left in situ at the time of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, could have favorable outcomes as long as decisions are carefully weighed with regard to the length of the lesion. Also, at least in this perspective, anatomic single bundle has proved a sufficient stabilizer for anterior translation of the tibia.
Cooking pot markets: an economic model for the trade in free goods and services on the Internet

It has long been assumed that there is something beyond economics involved in the proliferation of free goods and services on the Internet. Although Netscape's recent move to give away the source code for its browser shows that the corporate world now believes that it is possible to make money with free software - previously eyed with cautious pessimism - money is not the prime motivator of most producers of the Internet's free goods, and neither is altruism. Efforts and rewards may be valued in intangibles, but, as this paper argues, there is a very tangible market dynamics to the free economy of the Internet, and rational economic decisions are at work. This is the "cooking-pot" market: an implicit barter economy with assymetric transactions.
Understanding the underlying physics of superior endurance in Bi-layered TaOX-RRAM

A comprehensive physical model is introduced to account for the superior endurance characteristics of TaO<sub>X</sub>-based RRAM with bi-layered Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5-X</sub>/TaO<sub>2-X</sub> stack by considering the influence of oxygen content in TaO<sub>2-X</sub> layer. In the physical model, the TaO<sub>2-X</sub> layer acts as an oxygen reservoir to store and release oxygen ions (O<sup>2-</sup>) during switching cycles and different oxygen contents in TaO<sub>2-X</sub> layer correspond to different capabilities to take redox reactions with O<sup>2-</sup>. The proposed model is implemented into an atomic Monte-Carlo simulator involving the evolution of oxygen distribution in Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5-X</sub>/TaO<sub>2-X</sub> stack to reproduce the impacts of different TaO<sub>2-X</sub> layers on endurance performance. Results reveal that the optimized TaO<sub>2-X</sub> layer with the feature of easily storing O<sup>2-</sup> as lattice oxygen (LO) during SET and decomposing to release O<sup>2-</sup> during RESET is beneficial to enhance the endurance property.
Calcul economique et developpement durable

The paper considers a model with two goods: a private good and an "environmental" good. The analysis has two basic ingredients : the two goods are imperfectly substitutable and the long run characteristics of substitution are uncertain. An ecological discount rate is defined. It is argued that a plausible long run value for this discount rate is close to zero, at least if the preoccupations of intergenerational equity are strong enough.
Effects of exenatide therapy on insulin resistance in the skeletal muscles of high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Abstract Purpose: The glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 agonist exenatide shows the same multiple effects on glucose homeostasis as native GLP-1, which can reduce blood glucose levels in individuals with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, its underlying action mechanism on glucose metabolism in the skeletal muscle of T2DM cases is unknown. We investigated the effects and action mechanisms of exenatide on insulin resistance (IR) in the skeletal muscle of high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin-induced T2DM rats. Methods: Four groups of Sprague–Dawley rats were studied: non-T2DM (control, C); non-T2DM + exenatide (C + E); T2DM (D); and T2DM + exenatide (D + E). After eight weeks, isotope-tracer methodology was applied to measure the total rate of appearance (Ra) of glucose and glucose infusion rate (GIR) using a hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp with 3-3H-glucose infusion. Glucose uptake in gastrocnemius muscles was determined by measuring 2-deoxy-D-14C-glucose radioactivity. Simultaneously, ultrastructural changes in the cells of gastrocnemius muscles were studied. Results: In the D + E group, body weight and levels of fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and insulin were decreased significantly (p < 0.01) compared with the D group. The Ra of glucose (94.70 ± 13.46 versus 121.07 ± 16.55 μmol/kg/min) was decreased (p < 0.01), whereas the exogenous GIR (144.68 ± 11.03 versus 114.50 ± 9.40 μmol/kg/min) and glucose uptake in muscle (0.24 ± 0.02 versus 0.17 ± 0.02 μmol/g/min) were increased markedly (p < 0.01). Ultrastructural observations revealed that exenatide attenuated the effect of swollen mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum within the cells of the skeletal muscle of T2DM rats. Conclusions: These data suggest that exenatide can significantly improve insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle by increasing glucose uptake in T2DM rats.
10 nm nominal channel length MoS2 FETs with EOT 2.5 nm and 0.52 mA/µm drain current

Summary form only given. In this abstract, multi-layer MoS<sub>2</sub> field-effect transistors (FET) <sub>[1]</sub> with record short 10 nm nominal channel length (L<sub>ch</sub>) and ultrathin gate dielectric (EOT~2.5 nm) have been demonstrated. These aggressively scaled devices show high performances including a drain current of 0.52 mA/μm, an on/off ratio larger than 10<sup>6</sup> and an extrinsic transconductance of 142 μS/μm. This study sheds light on the impact of channel thickness, channel length and gate dielectric scaling in multi-layer MoS<sub>2</sub> FETs.
Analysis of the Electro-Optical Properties for Ultra-Wide Band Radio over Fiber Receiving System

Ultra-Wide Band radio-over-fiber (UWBoF) techno-logy involves two kinds of communications. One is the UWB wireless communication, and the other is optical fiber communi-cation. In this paper, the UWBoF receiving system based on the external modulation such as Mach-Zehnder (M-Z) modulator is analyzed. The UWBoF components and the UWBoF receiver structure are introduced. The received high frequency UWB signal by UWB antenna has been transformed into the low frequency which could be fit the frequency requirement for the RF port of the M-Z modulator. The electronic signal can be transformed into the optical signal and transmit in optical fiber by M-Z modulator. Firstly, the characteristics of M-Z modulation are analyzed in theory. Then the half-wave voltage and the modulation output spectrums characteristics of the UWBoF receiving system have been tested. The testing results show that the output spectrums characteristics are consistent with the theoretical analysis.
General decision assurance principles and procedures for strategic planning

This paper addresses two perceived inadequacies in traditional approaches to strategic planning the paucity of well-articulated theoretical assumptions underlying strategic planning procedures, and an insufficient emphasis on the importance to the quality of the final outcome, of robust, group decision management processes in which to embed the planning procedures. A set of principles and procedures to address these short-comings are proposed.
The Gender Earnings Gap among College-Educated Workers

The gender earnings gap among full-time workers narrowed substantially in the 1980s. Previous research has established that increases in the amount of and returns to work experience and schooling among women were primarily responsible for that trend. This paper, which uses data from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 and the High School and Beyond Senior Cohort (Class of 1980), examines to what extent college schooling characteristics other than number of years, such as grades and major field, contributed to the narrowing of the gap. Changes in the estimated effects of college grades and college major, the author finds, can account for almost all of the large decline in the gender earnings gap between 1979 and 1986 among young college-educated workers. Most of this effect apparently resulted from growth in the market price of women's skills relative to men's for a given major.
Shifting roles and approaches: government coordination of post‐secondary education in Canada, 1995–2006

This paper analyses changing approaches to system‐level governance in Canadian post‐secondary education from 1995–2006. A review of major policy initiatives reveals a shift in provincial and federal government roles in and approaches to the coordination of post‐secondary education. The federal government has strategically invested in post‐secondary education, increasing its direct and indirect support for research and development and, at the same time, retreating from other areas of support. Provincial governments have expanded post‐secondary systems and increased institutional diversity and the role of the market in post‐secondary education while simultaneously developing more mechanisms of coordination.
Intradaily Price-Volume Adjustments of NYSE Stocks to Unexpected Earnings

The speed and path of adjustment in stocks to the degree of earnings surprise in their quarterly announcements is studied using price-volume transactions data. A differential price adjustment process was observed, with stocks having large, positive earnings surprises experiencing a faster adjustment compared to those stocks with negative earnings surprises. Volume, transaction frequency, and size were found to be directly related to the absolute degree of surprise, but very favorable earnings surprise stocks experienced initially a large number of smaller trades while stocks with large unfavorable earnings surprises had relatively fewer transactions but higher volume per trade. Copyright 1988 by American Finance Association.
Discrete, Non Probabilistic Market Models. Arbitrage and Pricing Intervals

The paper develops general, discrete, non-probabilistic market models and minmax price bounds leading to price intervals for European options. The approach provides the trajectory based analogue of martingale-like properties as well as a generalization that allows a limited notion of arbitrage in the market while still providing coherent option prices. Several properties of the price bounds are obtained, in particular a connection with risk neutral pricing is established for trajectory markets associated to a continuous-time martingale model.
Tissue Transglutaminase and Factor XIII in Cartilage and Bone Remodeling

While it is well established that factor XIII functions in crosslinking of the fibrin clot during blood coagulation and in wound healing, the physiological role of tissue transglutaminase is still unclear. Recent studies suggest that the expression of tissue transglutaminase correlates with (terminal) differentiation of cells and that the enzyme may play a role in extracellular matrix remodeling. In cartilage, tissue transglutaminase expression is restricted to hypertrophic chondrocytes and the enzyme is externalized at a distinct step in the chondrocyte maturation program. Upon activation by Ca2+, the transglutaminase modifies matrix constituents in a way that might predispose the matrix for the subsequent mineralization. Crosslinks of the structure gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysine are also abundant in bone matrix, but the transglutaminase expressed by osteoblasts and presumably involved in crosslinking of newly formed osteoid is likely to be distinct from both tissue transglutaminase and factor XIII. Matrix proteins thought to be crosslinked by transglutaminases in cartilage and bone matrix include glycoproteins such as osteonectin, osteopontin, fibronectin, fibrillin, and collagens II, III, V, and XI. Expression of the A subunit of factor XIII is restricted to megakaryocytes in the bone marrow cavity, and factor XIIIa is abundant in platelets that probably provide the major source for factor XIII in plasma.
Goodwill Accounting in Malaysia and the Transition to IFRS – A Compliance Assessment of Large First Year Adopters

Prior to the adoption of an IFRS based reporting framework in Malaysia, no binding standard governing goodwill had ever been implemented. After several decades in which a laissez faire approach to the problem represented the dominant paradigm, the highly prescriptive and technical provisions of FRS 136 – Impairment of Assets represent a very substantial variation from past practice. This in turn gives rise to questions about the extent to which Malaysian companies and their auditors have fared during the process of transition to a complex new reporting regime and in consequence to the quality and consistency of reports produced pursuant to that new regime. Thus, FRS 136 presents an opportunity to interrogate the level of compliance and disclosure quality exhibited by first‐time reporting entities – and by extension, yield insights into the implications of and challenges associated with transition to new and complex reporting regimes. Focussing specifically on compliance and disclosure quality relating to the highly detailed requirements set out in FRS 136, this paper finds evidence that the quality of the responses by large listed Malaysian firms has indeed been mixed, with many firms producing financial reports that have failed to meet the mark of the new standard. While the move by MASB to adopt IFRSs is a reflection of Malaysia’s commitment to align with global accounting standards in order to achieve harmonization with international practice, these findings suggest that continued improvement will be required by Malaysian companies and their auditors before Malaysian practice is truly aligned to the international standard.
The Effect of Integrated Scheduling and Capacity Policies on Clinical Efficiency

In outpatient healthcare clinics, capacity, patient flow, and scheduling are rarely managed in an integrated fashion, so a question of interest is whether clinic performance can be improved if the policies that guide these decisions are set jointly. Despite the potential importance of this issue, we find surprisingly few studies that look at how the allocation of capacity, paired with various appointment scheduling policies and different patient flow configurations, affects patient flow and clinical efficiency. In this paper, we develop an empirically based discrete‐event simulation to examine the interactions between patient appointment policies and capacity allocation policies (i.e., the number of available examination rooms) and how they jointly affect various performance measures, such as resource utilization and patient waiting time. Findings suggest that scheduling lower‐variance, shorter appointments earlier in the clinic (and, conversely, higher‐variance, longer appointments later) results in less overall patient waiting without reducing physician utilization or increasing clinic duration. Additionally, exam rooms exhibited classic bottleneck behavior: there was no effect on physician utilization by adding exam rooms beyond a certain threshold, but too few exam rooms were devastating to clinic throughput. Some significant interactions between these variables were observed, but were not influential to the level of managerial concern. Clinicians' intuition about managing capacity in healthcare settings may differ substantially from best policies.
Sclerosing nodular lesions of the gastrointestinal tract containing large numbers of IgG4 plasma cells

Background: Hyalinised fibrous nodules have been encountered within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and been labelled as reactive nodular fibrous tumours. Several have a history of abdominal surgery and/or sepsis that acts as a precipitating cause for the fibrosis. Recently, much attention has been focused on IgG4 related fibrosing lesions that are typically associated with a high population of IgG4 positive plasma cells and tissue fibrosis. There may be attendant elevated serum IgG4 levels and associated autoimmune disease. Methods: We present four patients with well-circumscribed fibrous nodular lesions occurring in the GIT. Tissue was formalin fixed after microwave antigen retrieval and H&E stains and immunohistochemistry were performed. IgG4/IgG ratios were calculated from the three high power fields containing the densest concentration of positive plasma cells. Results: The patients were two females (45 and 56 years) and two males (47 and 60 years) who presented with gastric (2 cases), caecal and sigmoid flexure involvement. One case had four lesions while the other three cases were solitary nodules. Two patients had coexistent autoimmune disease. All lesions were nodular and composed of paucicellular, hyalinised fibrous tissue associated with chronic inflammation. In all lesions the plasma cell population was strongly IgG4 positive. Conclusions: This paper describes unique, well-circumscribed sclerosing nodules containing IgG4 positive plasma cells within the bowel wall that may cause mucosal polypoid lesions. It is possible that these lesions may be related to the spectrum of IgG4 related sclerosing disease or belong to a separate subset of inflammatory reactive conditions that are rich in IgG4 plasma cells.
Survival following curative resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. A systematic review of the literature.

CONTEXT Patients with resectable pancreatic cancer comprise a small subgroup of the overall population with the disease from around 15 to 20%, with nearly all patients dying from their disease within 7 years of surgery. In the light of such bleak statistics, data regarding what factors may influence outcome, following attempted curative resection is essential in order to optimise the treatment options for patients. METHODS This review analysed all English-language publications using PubMed and Web of Science databases for studies detailing outcomes following resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from 1980 to the present day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The data examined from papers were post-operative mortality rates, median survival, yearly survival rates and other factors which may have influenced long-term survival; such as patient demographics, operative details and tumour characteristics (such as example tumour size, lymph node metastases and tumour differentiation). RESULTS There has been significant improvement in post-operative mortality over the last decades with a modest improvement in long-term survival. With the exception of post-operative blood transfusion, tumour characteristics remain the only significant features influencing survival after pancreatic cancer surgery. Favourable prognostic factors include tumour size less than 2 cm, negative resection margin, lymph node negative tumours, well-differentiated tumours and absence of perineural or blood vessel invasion. CONCLUSION In light of these data, it could be reasoned that tumour size, on cross-sectional imaging, might be employed as means of selecting the most appropriate candidates for surgery, in cases where the risks of resection are high.
Strategic human resource management: integrating the universalistic, contingent, configurational and contextual perspectives

From its origins at the end of the 1970s, strategic human resource management has developed quickly. After its uncertain first steps, the number of models and explanations proposed grew exponentially, especially after some theoretical revisions presented in the 1990s. The present explosion of literature requires a systematic revision of the state of the art in this field of research. This is the objective of this paper, which classifies the literature theoretically into four generic perspectives. The principal conclusion derived from this analysis is that, despite the differences among the universalistic, contingent, configurational and contextual approaches, it is possible to make their contributions compatible balancing their limitations. Finally, to illustrate this, we present an integrative exploratory model representing our actual understanding of the complex phenomenon of strategic human resource management.