Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Effect of Arsenicum album on Leukocytes

The therapeutic effects of homoeopathic Arsenicum album potencies were investigated in-vitro, using a continuous cell line (MT4), pre-intoxicated with arsenic trioxide (As2O3), and then treated with succussed and unsuccussed homoeopathic potencies, 6CH, 30CH and 200CH. This study aimed to verify the homoeopathic law of similars and to determine whether potencies diluted beyond Avogadro’s constant had physiological effects on cells; whether various potencies would cause different effects as suggested by the concept of hormesis; whether succussed and unsuccussed homoeopathic potencies had different effects on the cells; and to establish whether a biotechnological method could be used to evaluate the above. As2O3 was used to pre-intoxicate and the MTT assay was used to measure the percentage cytotoxicity and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the cells. The homoeopathic potencies of Arsenicum album (6CH, 30CH and 200CH) were prepared by either succussing or allowing to diffuse for 30 s. After pre-intoxication of the MT4 cells with the IC50 As2O3 and treatment with succussed and unsuccussed Arsenicum album (6CH-200CH), the cell viability increased with increasing potency from 81% to 194% (over 72 h). The treatments and the times of exposure were found to be statistically significant determinants of cell viability, whereas succussion did not cause any significant variation in the results. The study provided evidence that a biotechnological method (namely cell viability) may be used to scientifically evaluate the physiological effects of homoeopathic potencies on human cells; it confirmed that the homoeopathic potencies did have therapeutic effects; and that succussion was not required in the potentization method in order to produce a curative remedy.
Accent Group modeling for improved prosody in statistical parameteric speech synthesis

This paper presents an `Accent Group' based intonation model for statistical parametric speech synthesis. We propose an approach to automatically model phonetic realizations of fundamental frequency(F0) contours as a sequence of intonational events anchored to a group of syllables (an Accent Group). We train an accent grouping model specific to that of the speaker, using a stochastic context free grammar and contextual decision trees on the syllables. This model is used to `parse' an unseen text into its constituent accent groups over each of which appropriate intonation is predicted. The performance of the model is shown objectively and subjectively on a variety of prosodically diverse tasks- read speech, news broadcast and audio books.
Mobility Impact on Session Survivability under the SHIM6 Protocol and Enhancement of its Rehoming Procedure

Multihoming is a solution that enables a fault-tolerant access to the Internet by configuring on each network entity several IP addresses associated with distinct ISPs. IPv6 natively allows end-hosts and end-sites to be multihomed where nodes and routers can have multiple IP addresses. However, a specific support is required to take full advantage of multihoming. The SHIM6 protocol provides such a support. We study in this paper to what extent the mobility impacts the SHIM6 protocol component in general and more specifically the context establishment as it is a \textit{sine qua none} condition for session survivability. We focus on possible consequences of mobility before, during, and after the context establishment. We find that in some mobility scenarios, the SHIM6 context is never established and the session survivability cannot be ensured.
Duality relationships for entropy-like minimization problems

This paper considers the minimization of a convex integral functional over the positive cone of an $L_p $ space, subject to a finite number of linear equality constraints. Such problems arise in spectral estimation, where the bjective function is often entropy-like, and in constrained approximation. The Lagrangian dual problem is finite-dimensional and unconstrained. Under a quasi-interior constraint qualification, the primal and dual values are equal, with dual attainment. Examples show the primal value may not be attained. Conditions are given that ensure that the primal optimal solution can be calculated directly from a dual optimum. These conditions are satisfied in many examples.
An Automated Method for the Detection and Extraction of H I Self-Absorption in High-Resolution 21 Centimeter Line Surveys

We describe algorithms that detect 21 cm line H I self-absorption (HISA) in large data sets and extract it for analysis. Our search method identifies HISA as spatially and spectrally confined dark H I features that appear as negative residuals after removing larger scale emission components with a modified CLEAN algorithm. Adjacent HISA volume-pixels (voxels) are grouped into features in (l,b,v) space, and the H I brightness of voxels outside the three-dimensional feature boundaries is smoothly interpolated to estimate the absorption amplitude and the unabsorbed H I emission brightness. The reliability and completeness of our HISA detection scheme have been tested extensively with model data. We detect most features over a wide range of sizes, line widths, amplitudes, and background levels, with poor detection only where the absorption brightness temperature amplitude is weak, the absorption scale approaches that of the correlated noise, or the background level is too faint for HISA to be distinguished reliably from emission gaps. False detection rates are very low in all parts of the parameter space except at sizes and amplitudes approaching those of noise fluctuations. Absorption measurement biases introduced by the method are generally small and appear to arise from cases of incomplete HISA detection. This paper is the third in a series examining HISA at high angular resolution. A companion paper (Paper II) uses our HISA search and extraction method to investigate the cold atomic gas distribution in the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey.
InGaN nanorod LEDs: A performance assessment

Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) have become an attractive concept as efficient light sources. In this contribution, the electro-optical performance of Ill-nitride based core-shell nanorod LEDs is investigated by detailed simulation. In contrast to their planar counterparts, they possess increased active region area on small footprint, non-polar active regions with c-plane vertical growth, and form horizontal two-dimensional active photonic crystals for the optical extraction process.
MCBF: a high-performance scheduling algorithm for buffered crossbar switches

The buffered crossbar architecture is becoming very attractive for the design of high performance routers due the unique features it offers. Many distributed scheduling algorithms have been proposed for this architecture. Despite their distributed nature, the existing schemes require quite a bit of hardware and timing complexity. We propose a novel scheduling scheme named the most critical buffer first (MCBF). This scheme is based only on the internal buffer information and requires much less hardware than the existing schemes. Yet, it exhibits good performance and outperforms all its competitors. More interestingly, MCBF shows optimal stability performance while being almost a stateless algorithm.
Particle swarm optimization almost surely finds local optima

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a popular nature-inspired meta-heuristic for solving continuous optimization problems. Although this technique is widely used, up to now only some partial aspects of the method have been formally investigated. In particular, while it is well-studied how to let the swarm converge to a single point in the search space, no general theoretical statements about this point or on the best position any particle has found have been known. For a very general class of objective functions, we provide for the first time results about the quality of the solution found. We show that a slightly adapted PSO almost surely finds a local optimum by investigating the newly defined potential of the swarm. The potential drops when the swarm approaches the point of convergence, but increases if the swarm remains close to a point that is not a local optimum, meaning that the swarm charges potential and continues its movement.
Global, regional and national sodium intakes in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis of 24 h urinary sodium excretion and dietary surveys worldwide

Objectives To estimate global, regional (21 regions) and national (187 countries) sodium intakes in adults in 1990 and 2010. Design Bayesian hierarchical modelling using all identifiable primary sources. Data sources and eligibility We searched and obtained published and unpublished data from 142 surveys of 24 h urinary sodium and 103 of dietary sodium conducted between 1980 and 2010 across 66 countries. Dietary estimates were converted to urine equivalents based on 79 pairs of dual measurements. Modelling methods Bayesian hierarchical modelling used survey data and their characteristics to estimate mean sodium intake, by sex, 5 years age group and associated uncertainty for persons aged 20+ in 187 countries in 1990 and 2010. Country-level covariates were national income/person and composition of food supplies. Main outcome measures Mean sodium intake (g/day) as estimable by 24 h urine collections, without adjustment for non-urinary losses. Results In 2010, global mean sodium intake was 3.95 g/day (95% uncertainty interval: 3.89 to 4.01). This was nearly twice the WHO recommended limit of 2 g/day and equivalent to 10.06 (9.88–10.21) g/day of salt. Intake in men was ∼10% higher than in women; differences by age were small. Intakes were highest in East Asia, Central Asia and Eastern Europe (mean >4.2 g/day) and in Central Europe and Middle East/North Africa (3.9–4.2 g/day). Regional mean intakes in North America, Western Europe and Australia/New Zealand ranged from 3.4 to 3.8 g/day. Intakes were lower (<3.3 g/day), but more uncertain, in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. Between 1990 and 2010, modest, but uncertain, increases in sodium intakes were identified. Conclusions Sodium intakes exceed the recommended levels in almost all countries with small differences by age and sex. Virtually all populations would benefit from sodium reduction, supported by enhanced surveillance.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells increase motility of prostate cancer cells via production of stromal cell-derived factor-1α

Prostate cancer frequently metastasizes to the bone, and the interaction between cancer cells and bone microenvironment has proven to be crucial in the establishment of new metastases. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) secrete various cytokines that can regulate the behaviour of neighbouring cell. However, little is known about the role of BM‐MSCs in influencing the migration and the invasion of prostate cancer cells. We hypothesize that the stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α released by BM‐MSCs may play a pivotal role in these processes. To study the interaction between factors secreted by BM‐MSCs and prostate cancer cells we established an in vitro model of transwell co‐culture of BM‐MSCs and prostate cancer cells DU145. Using this model, we have shown that BM‐MSCs produce soluble factors which increase the motility of prostate cancer cells DU145. Neutralization of stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α (SDF1α) via a blocking antibody significantly limits the chemoattractive effect of bone marrow MSCs. Moreover, soluble factors produced by BM‐MSCs greatly activate prosurvival kinases, namely AKT and ERK 1/2. We provide further evidence that SDF1α is involved in the interaction between prostate cancer cells and BM‐MSCs. Such interaction may play an important role in the migration and the invasion of prostate cancer cells within bone.
Neurturin Exerts Potent Actions on Survival and Function of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) exhibits potent effects on survival and function of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons in a variety of models. Although other growth factors expressed in the vicinity of developing DA neurons have been reported to support survival of DA neurons in vitro, to date none of these factors duplicate the potent and selective actions of GDNF in vivo. We report here that neurturin (NTN), a homolog of GDNF, is expressed in the nigrostriatal system, and that NTN exerts potent effects on survival and function of midbrain DA neurons. Our findings indicate that NTN mRNA is sequentially expressed in the ventral midbrain and striatum during development and that NTN exhibits survival-promoting actions on both developing and mature DA neurons.In vitro, NTN supports survival of embryonic DA neurons, and in vivo, direct injection of NTN into the substantia nigra protects mature DA neurons from cell death induced by 6-OHDA. Furthermore, administration of NTN into the striatum of intact adult animals induces behavioral and biochemical changes associated with functional upregulation of nigral DA neurons. The similarity in potency and efficacy of NTN and GDNF on DA neurons in several paradigms stands in contrast to the differential distribution of the receptor components GDNF Family Receptor α1 (GFRα1) and GFRα2 within the ventral mesencephalon. These results suggest that NTN is an endogenous trophic factor for midbrain DA neurons and point to the possibility that GDNF and NTN may exert redundant trophic influences on nigral DA neurons acting via a receptor complex that includes GFRα1.
Unsafe sex and increased incidence of hepatitis C virus infection among HIV-infected men who have sex with men: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND Data on the incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons are sparse. It is controversial whether and how frequently HCV is transmitted by unprotected sexual intercourse. METHODS We assessed the HCV seroprevalence and incidence of HCV infection in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study between 1988 and 2004. We investigated the association of HCV seroconversion with mode of HIV acquisition, sex, injection drug use (IDU), and constancy of condom use. Data on condom use or unsafe sexual behavior were prospectively collected between 2000 and 2004. RESULTS The overall seroprevalence of HCV infection was 33% among a total of 7899 eligible participants and 90% among persons reporting IDU. We observed 104 HCV seroconversions among 3327 participants during a total follow-up time of 16,305 person-years, corresponding to an incidence of 0.64 cases per 100 person-years. The incidence among participants with a history of IDU was 7.4 cases per 100 person-years, compared with 0.23 cases per 100 person-years in patients without such a history (P<.001). In men who had sex with men (MSM) without a history of IDU who reported unsafe sex, the incidence was 0.7 cases per 100 person-years, compared with 0.2 cases per 100 person-years in those not reporting unsafe sex (P=.02), corresponding to an incidence rate ratio of 3.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-10.0). The hazard of acquiring HCV infection was elevated among younger participants who were MSM. CONCLUSIONS HCV infection incidence in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study was mainly associated with IDU. In HIV-infected MSM, HCV infection was associated with unsafe sex.
The overlap problem in content-oriented XML retrieval evaluation

Within the INitiative for the Evaluation of XML Retrieval(INEX) a number of metrics to evaluate the effectiveness of content-oriented XML retrieval approaches were developed. Although these metrics provide a solution towards addressing the problem of overlapping result elements, they do not consider the problem of overlapping reference components within the recall-base, thus leading to skewed effectiveness scores. We propose alternative metrics that aim to provide a solution to both overlap issues.
A PAC-Bayesian Analysis of Co-clustering, Graph Clustering, and Pairwise Clustering

We review briefly the PAC-Bayesian analysis of co-clustering (Seldin and Tishby, 2008, 2009, 2010), which provided generalization guarantees and regularization terms absent in the preceding formulations of this problem and achieved state-ofthe-art prediction results in MovieLens collaborative filtering task. Inspired by this analysis we formulate weighted graph clustering1 as a prediction problem: given a subset of edge weights we analyze the ability of graph clustering to predict the remaining edge weights. This formulation enables practical and theoretical comparison of different approaches to graph clustering as well as comparison of graph clustering with other possible ways to model the graph. Following the lines of (Seldin and Tishby, 2010) we derive PAC-Bayesian generalization bounds for graph clustering. The bounds show that graph clustering should optimize a trade-off between empirical data fit and the mutual information that clusters preserve on the graph nodes. A similar trade-off derived from information-theoretic considerations was already shown to produce state-of-the-art results in practice (Slonim et al., 2005; Yom-Tov and Slonim, 2009). This paper supports the empirical evidence by providing a better theoretical foundation, suggesting formal generalization guarantees, and offering a more accurate way to deal with finite sample issues.
PAPR analysis of precoding-based OFDM systems

In this paper, we present our study on the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of precoding-based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. We analyze the probability density functions of various types of precoded OFDM signals. Then we show that the precoders can change the statistical properties of OFDM signals and hence the distribution of PAPR. We further compare the PAPR reduction performance of the precoded OFDM systems and show that these systems can have PAPR up to 4.5 dB lower than the conventional OFDM system.
A Controlled Therapeutic Trial of Various Diets in Ulcerative Colitis

one attempt within a year. Please include all relevant cases, irrespective of whether or not they were admitted to hospital. Do not include " successful " attempts with fatal outcome. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish between a suicidal threat or gesture and a suicidal attempt. The latter should be defined as any act of self-damage undertaken with the apparent intention of self-destruction, however half-hearted and ineffective. The patient may have been only vaguely aware of this intention, which sometimes has to be inferred from his actions. The degree of actual danger to life, as seen from our point of view, is not relevant for inclusion in this group; many attempts which to us seem harmless are undertaken with serious intent, and vice versa. The questionary has a category for doubtful cases. We should be glad to answer any questions you might wish to ask us. Thanking you for your co-operation, Yours sincerely,
Green Data Science - Using Big Data in an "Environmentally Friendly" Manner

The widespread use of "Big Data" is heavily impacting organizations and individuals for which these data are collected. Sophisticated data science techniques aim to extract as much value from data as possible. Powerful mixtures of Big Data and analytics are rapidly changing the way we do business, socialize, conduct research, and govern society. Big Data is considered as the "new oil" and data science aims to transform this into new forms of "energy": insights, diagnostics, predictions, and automated decisions. However, the process of transforming "new oil" (data) into "new energy" (analytics) may negatively impact citizens, patients, customers, and employees. Systematic discrimination based on data, invasions of privacy, non-transparent life-changing decisions, and inaccurate conclusions illustrate that data science techniques may lead to new forms of "pollution". We use the term "Green Data Science" for technological solutions that enable individuals, organizations and society to reap the benefits from the widespread availability of data while ensuring fairness, confidentiality, accuracy, and transparency. To illustrate the scientific challenges related to "Green Data Science", we focus on process mining as a concrete example. Recent breakthroughs in process mining resulted in powerful techniques to discover the real processes, to detect deviations from normative process models, and to analyze bottlenecks and waste. Therefore, this paper poses the question: How to benefit from process mining while avoiding "pollutions" related to unfairness, undesired disclosures, inaccuracies, and non-transparency?
Harmonic maps and the topology of conformally compact Einstein manifolds

We study the topology of a complete asymptotically hyperbolic Einstein manifold such that its conformal boundary has positive Yamabe invariant. We proved that all maps from such manifold into any nonpositively curved manifold are homotopically trivial. Our proof is based on a Bochner type argument on harmonic maps.
PolyICLC Exerts Pro- and Anti-HIV Effects on the DC-T Cell Milieu In Vitro and In Vivo

Myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) contribute to both HIV pathogenesis and elicitation of antiviral immunity. Understanding how mDC responses to stimuli shape HIV infection outcomes will inform HIV prevention and treatment strategies. The long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viral mimic, polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (polyIC, PIC) potently stimulates DCs to focus Th1 responses, triggers direct antiviral activity in vitro, and boosts anti-HIV responses in vivo. Stabilized polyICLC (PICLC) is being developed for vaccine adjuvant applications in humans, making it critical to understand how mDC sensing of PICLC influences HIV infection. Using the monocyte-derived DC (moDC) model, we sought to describe how PICLC (vs. other dsRNAs) impacts HIV infection within DCs and DC-T cell mixtures. We extended this work to in vivo macaque rectal transmission studies by administering PICLC with or before rectal SIVmac239 (SIVwt) or SIVmac239ΔNef (SIVΔNef) challenge. Like PIC, PICLC activated DCs and T cells, increased expression of α4β7 and CD169, and induced type I IFN responses in vitro. The type of dsRNA and timing of dsRNA exposure differentially impacted in vitro DC-driven HIV infection. Rectal PICLC treatment similarly induced DC and T cell activation and pro- and anti-HIV factors locally and systemically. Importantly, this did not enhance SIV transmission in vivo. Instead, SIV acquisition was marginally reduced after a single high dose challenge. Interestingly, in the PICLC-treated, SIVΔNef-infected animals, SIVΔNef viremia was higher, in line with the importance of DC and T cell activation in SIVΔNef replication. In the right combination anti-HIV strategy, PICLC has the potential to limit HIV infection and boost HIV immunity.
Aharona Therapeutic Studies Polysaccharide That Is a Candidate for Human Cryptococcus neoformans Antibody to Characterization of a Murine Monoclonal

1998, 42(6):1437. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. Katherine Westin and Zhaojing Zhong Rivera, Angel L. Rosas, Matthew D. Scharff, Philippe Valadon, Nikoletta Lendvai, Jean Mukherjee, Liise-anne Pirofski, Johanna Glatman-Freedman, David L. Goldman, Thomas R. Kozel, Arturo Casadevall, Wendy Cleare, Marta Feldmesser, Aharona Therapeutic Studies Polysaccharide That Is a Candidate for Human Cryptococcus neoformans Antibody to Characterization of a Murine Monoclonal