Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discriminative sparsity preserving graph embedding

In this paper, we propose a new dimensionality reduction method called discriminative sparsity preserving graph embedding (DSPGE). Unlike many existing graph embedding methods such as locality preserving projections (LPP) and sparsity preserving projections (SPP), the aim of DSPGE is to preserve the sparse reconstructive relationships of data while simultaneously capture the geometric and discriminant structure of data in the embedding space. Through the sparse reconstruction and class-specific adjacent graphs, DSPGE characterizes the intra-class and inter-class sparsity preserving scatters, seeking to achieve the optimal projections that simultaneously maximize the inter-class sparsity preserving scatter and minimize intra-class sparsity preserving scatter. The effectiveness of the proposed DSPGE is demonstrated on two popular face databases, compared to up-to-date methods. The experimental results show that DSPGE outperforms the competing methods with the satisfactory classification performance.
he underpricing of initial public offerin and the partial adjustment phe enon

This paper documents that the relation of the final o&r price to the range of anticipated offer prices disclosed in the preliminary prospectus is a g,ood predictor of initial returns. Issues that have final offer prices which exceed the limits of the offer range have greater underpricing than all other initial public oRerings, and are also more likely to increase the number of shares issued. These results are consistent with the pricing and allocation schedule proposed by Benveniste and Spindt (1989), in which shares in an offering are rationed and prices only partially adjust to new information.
A Test of the Biographical Availability Argument for Gender Differences in Environmental Behaviors

Compared with men, women often express stronger proenvironmental attitudes and values and more frequently engage in private environmental behaviors (e.g., recycling), but not in public environmental behaviors (e.g., joining a protest about an environmental issue). This study uses the 2010 General Social Survey data to test whether this pattern is driven by the differing biographical availability of men and women. Do women’s time constraining commitments, such as having a paid job, living in multi-adult households, or parenting, relate to fewer public environmental behaviors but not fewer private behaviors? Results show that living with other adults while parenting increases the odds that a woman rather than a man performs no public behavior, but having a paid job does not. Living with other adults and not having a paid job also increase women’s participation in private behaviors. This study offers partial support for the biographical availability thesis, while also discovering a link between biographical availability and private environmental behaviors.
Physician Assisted Suicide: Expanding the Debate

Physician Assisted Suicide is a cross-disciplinary collection of essays from philosophers, physicians, theologians, social scientists, lawyers and economists. As the first book to consider the implications of the Supreme Court decisions in Washington v. Glucksburg and Vacco v. Quill concerning physician-assisted suicide from a variety of perspectives, this collection advances informed, reflective, vigorous public debate.
Estimating frequency of change

Many online data sources are updated autonomously and independently. In this article, we make the case for estimating the change frequency of data to improve Web crawlers, Web caches and to help data mining. We first identify various scenarios, where different applications have different requirements on the accuracy of the estimated frequency. Then we develop several "frequency estimators" for the identified scenarios, showing analytically and experimentally how precise they are. In many cases, our proposed estimators predict change frequencies much more accurately and improve the effectiveness of applications. For example, a Web crawler could achieve 35% improvement in "freshness" simply by adopting our proposed estimator.
A novel ray-space based color correction algorithm for multi-view video

In multi-view video, color inconsistency among different views always exists because of imperfect camera calibration, CCD noise, etc. Since color inconsistency greatly reduces the coding efficiency and rendering quality of multi-view video, a novel ray-space based color correction algorithm is proposed in this paper. Firstly, for each epipolar plane image (EPI) in ray-space domain, feature points are extracted to form a corresponding feature EPI (FEPI). Secondly, radon transform is applied to each FEPI to detect corresponding points from different views and the average color is calculated from the detected corresponding points. Finally, for each viewpoint image, the optimal color correction matrix is calculated by minimizing the error energy between the color of the current view and the average color based on the least square error criteria. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm greatly improves the color consistency among different views. Moreover, the coding efficiency of the corrected multi-view images is greatly improved compared to that of the original ones and the ones corrected by histogram matching method [1].
Influence of mechanical surface treatments on the indentation fracture toughness of glass infiltrated zirconia toughened alumina "GI-ZTA" disks

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of mechanical surface treatments for excess glass removal on the fracture toughness of a glass infiltrated zirconia toughened alumina "GI-ZTA" disks (In-Ceram® Zirconia). The GI-ZTA disks were submitted to three different mechanical surface treatments after glass infiltration (grinding, sandblasting and grinding/sandblasting/annealing). Fracture toughness was evaluated through indentation fracture (IF) test. Reliability of tests results was accessed through Weibull statistics. Results: Indentation fracture tests (IF) of GI-ZTA disks have shown that grinding was the surface treatment that presented the lowest KIc and reliability. An annealing treatment after grinding and sandblasting promoted an increase in KIc, mainly due to monoclinic-tetragonal reverse transformation recovering the tetragonal zirconia lost during the different mechanical surface treatments. The highest KIc values were observed after sandblasting and grinding/sandblasting/annealing. Significance: The proposed mechanical surface treatments played an important role on the metastability of tetragonal zirconia and strongly influenced the mechanical performance of GI-ZTA. Kruskhall-Wallis test indicated that KIc values of the three mechanical surface treatments were statistically distinct.
The impact of personality disorders, substance use and other mental illness on re-offending

It is frequently observed in the literature that mental illness is associated with criminal offending; however, co-morbidity between personality disorders, substance use disorders and other mental illnesses complicates our understanding of this relationship. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of co-morbid substance use disorder, personality disorder and mental illness on the rate of re-offending. Data on 12-month psychiatric morbidity for N = 1264 prisoners who took part in the 2001 Mental Health Survey in NSW, Australia was linked to five years of re-offending data. Risk of re-offending related to psychiatric disorders was assessed using Cox regression. Controlling for sex, indigenous status, age, prior court appearances, sampling frame and psychiatric disorders, participants with a personality disorder had a 26% increase in hazard of re-offending, and those with a substance use disorder a 33% increase in hazard of re-offending. Anxiety disorders, mood disorders and psychotic symptoms did not contribute to re-offending rates, but were highly comorbid with the conditions that were associated with increased re-offending. The findings suggest that the treatment of mentally ill offenders must not simply focus on the treatment of symptoms of mental illness, but should encompass treatments and interventions to target underlying personality and substance use disorders if any reduction in re-offending is to occur.
O R I G I N a L I N V E S T I G a T I O N Open Access

Low fasting glucose is associated with enhanced thrombin generation and unfavorable fibrin clot properties in type 2 diabetic patients with high cardiovascular risk Abstract Objective: To investigate the effect of low blood glucose on thrombin generation and fibrin clot properties in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods: In 165 patients with T2DM and high cardiovascular risk, we measured ex vivo plasma fibrin clot permeation [K s ], turbidity and efficiency of fibrinolysis including clot lysis time [t 50% ], together with thrombin generation and platelet activation markers in relation to fasting blood glucose. Results: As compared to patients in medium (4.5-6.0 mmol/l, n = 52) and higher (>6.0 mmol/l, n = 75) glucose group, subjects with low glycemia (<4.5 mmol/l, n = 38) had lower K s by 11% (p < 0.001) and 8% (p = 0.01), respectively, prolonged t 50% by 10% (p < 0.001) and 7% (p = 0.016), respectively, and higher peak thrombin generation by 21% and 16%, respectively (p < 0.001 for both). There were no significant differences in K s and t 50% between patients in medium and higher glucose group. In the whole group, a J-shape relationship was observed between glycemia and the following factors: peak thrombin generation, K s and t 50%. Only in patients with HbA1c < 6.0% (42 mmol/mol) (n = 26) fasting glucose positively correlated with K s (r = 0.53, P = 0.006) and inversely with t 50% (r = −0.46, P = 0.02). Conclusions: In T2DM patients fasting glycemia <4.5 mmol/l is associated with enhanced thrombin formation and formation of denser fibrin clots displaying lower lysability, especially when strict glycemia control was achieved (HbA1c<6.0%).
Event Initiation and Decay in the Skeleton Model using an RMM-like Index 3 4 5

2 Evaluating MJO Event Initiation and Decay in the Skeleton Model using an RMM-like Index 3 4 5 Justin P. Stachnik, Duane E. Waliser , Andrew J. Majda, Samuel N. Stechmann, and 6 Sulian Thual 7 8 1. Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, University of California, 9 Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 10 2. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. 11 3. Department of Mathematics and Center for Atmosphere–Ocean Science, Courant Institute, 12 New York University, New York, NY, USA. 13 4. Department of Mathematics and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 14 University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA. 15 16 17 Revised 28 September 2015 18 to Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 19
Cellular Immediate-Early Gene Expression Occurs Kinetically Upstream of Epstein-Barr Virus bzlf1 and brlf1 following Cross-Linking of the B Cell Antigen Receptor in the Akata Burkitt Lymphoma Cell Line

ABSTRACT The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lytic activator genes bzlf1 and brlf1 are conventionally referred to as immediate-early (IE) genes. However, previous studies showed that the earliest expression of these genes was blocked by cycloheximide when the EBV lytic cycle was induced by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and protein kinase C agonists. Anti-IgG activates a complex signal transduction pathway that leads to EBV lytic activation in the Akata cell line. Here we demonstrate that in Akata cells, where lytic cycle activation occurs very rapidly after anti-IgG treatment, de novo protein synthesis is also required for induction of bzlf1 and brlf1 expression. New protein synthesis is required up to 1.25 h after application of anti-IgG; bzlf1 and brlf1 mRNAs can be detected 1.5 h after anti-IgG. Five cellular IE genes were shown to be expressed by 1 h after addition of anti-IgG, and their expression preceded that of bzlf1 and brlf1. These include early growth response genes (egr1, egr2, and egr3) and nuclear orphan receptors (nr4a1 and nr4a3). These genes were activated by anti-IgG treatment of Akata cells with and without the EBV genome; therefore, their expression was not dependent on expression of any EBV gene product. EGR1, EGR2, and EGR3 proteins were kinetically upstream of ZEBRA and Rta proteins. Expression of EGR1, ZEBRA, and Rta proteins were inhibited by bisindolylmaleimide X, a selective inhibitor of PKC. The findings suggest a revised model in which the signal transduction cascade activated by cross-linking of the B cell receptor induces expression of cellular IE genes, such as early growth response and nuclear orphan receptor genes, whose products, in turn, regulate bzlf1 and brlf1 expression.
The relation between spatial attention and reading: evidence from the neglect syndrome

Abstract We present results from two experiments which demonstrate that the nature of the stimulus in central vision effects the distribution of spatial attention in patients with unilateral neglect. We replicated Sieroff, Pollatsek, and Posner's (1988) finding that neglect patients make fewer errors reading the contra-lesional sides of words than nonwords, and extended their paradigm to assess the distribution of spatial attention in this task. Using two different tasks to assess the distribution of spatial attention; naming die colour of the ink in which letters were written, and bisecting lines presented directly under the letter strings; we found evidence of greater contralesional attention during the reading of words than nonwords. This has two general implications. First, the word superiority reported by Sieroff et al. can be explained by changes in the allocation of attention during word reading, and therefore need not imply that word reading is attention-free. Second, the allocation of attention i.
Ischemic mitral valve reconstruction and replacement: comparison of long-term survival and complications.

OBJECTIVE This study reviews the 223 consecutive mitral valve operations for ischemic mitral insufficiency performed at New York University Medical Center between January 1976 and January 1996. The results for mitral valve reconstruction are compared with those for prosthetic mitral valve replacement. METHODS From January 1976 to January 1996, 223 patients with ischemic mitral insufficiency underwent mitral valve reconstruction (n = 152) or prosthetic mitral valve replacement (n = 71). Coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in 89% of cases of mitral reconstruction and 80% of cases of prosthetic replacement. In the group undergoing reconstruction, 77% had valvuloplasty with a ring annuloplasty and 23% had valvuloplasty with suture annuloplasty. In the group undergoing prosthetic replacement, 82% of patients received bioprostheses and 18% received mechanical prostheses. RESULTS Follow-up was 93% complete (median 14.6 mo, range 0-219 mo). Thirty-day mortality was 10% for mitral reconstruction and 20% for prosthetic replacement. The short-term mortality was higher among patients in New York Heart Association functional class IV than among those in classes I to III (odds ratio 5.75, confidence interval 1.25-26.5) and was reduced among patients with angina relative to those without angina (odds ratio 0.26, confidence interval 0.05-1.2). The 30-day death or complication rate was similarly elevated among patients in functional class IV (odds ratio 5.53; confidence interval 1.23-25.04). Patients with mitral valve reconstruction had lower short-term complication or death rates than did patients with prosthetic valve replacement (odds ratio 0.43, confidence interval 0.20-0.90). Eighty-two percent of patients with mitral valve reconstruction had no insufficiency or only trace insufficiency during the long-term follow-up period. Five-year complication-free survivals were 64% (confidence interval 54%-74%) for patients undergoing mitral valve reconstruction and 47% (confidence interval 33%-60%) for patients undergoing prosthetic valve replacement. Results of a series of statistical analyses suggest that outcome was linked primarily to preoperative New York Heart Association functional class. CONCLUSIONS Initial mortalities were similar among patients undergoing prosthetic replacement and valve reconstruction. Poor outcome was primarily related to preexisting comorbidities. Patients undergoing valve reconstruction had fewer valve-related complications. Valve reconstruction resulted in excellent durability and freedom from complications. These findings suggest that mitral valve reconstruction should be considered for appropriate patients with ischemic mitral insufficiency.
A Pseudo Random Bit Generator Based on Chaotic Logistic Map and its Statistical Testing

During last one and half decade an interesting relationship between chaos and cryptography has been developed, according to which many properties of chaotic systems such as: ergodicity, sensitivity to initial conditions/system parameters, mixing property, deterministic dynamics and structural complexity can be considered analogous to the confusion, diffusion with small change in plaintext/secret key, diffusion with a small change within one block of the plaintext, deterministic pseudo randomness and algorithmic complexity properties of traditional cryptosystems. As a result of this close relationship several chaos-based cryptosystems have been put forward since 1990. In one of the stages of the development of chaotic stream ciphers, the application of discrete chaotic dynamical systems in pseudo random bit generation has been widely studied recently. In this communication, we propose a novel pseudo random bit generator (PRBG) based on two chaotic logistic maps running side-by-side and starting from random independent initial conditions. The pseudo random bit sequence is generated by comparing the outputs of both the chaotic logistic maps. We discuss the suitability of the logistic map by highlighting some of its interesting statistical properties, which make it a perfect choice for such random bit generation. Finally, we present the detailed results of the statistical testing on generated bit sequences, done by the most stringent tests of randomness: the NIST suite tests, to detect the specific characteristics expected of truly random sequences. Povzetek: Predstavljen je psevdo nakljucni generator bitov na osnovi kaoticnega pristopa.
Finding shortest paths in large network systems

This paper describes a disk-based algorithm for finding shortest paths in a large network system. It employs a strategy of processing the network piece by piece and is based on new algorithms for graph partitioning and for finding shortest paths that overcome the problem of existing approaches. To show that it is scalable to large network systems and is adaptable to different computing environments, seven states in Tiger/Line files are extracted as test cases and are experimented on machines with different configurations. The running time for finding the shortest path depends primarily on the power of the underlying systems. Moreover, to run the algorithm optimally, the memory requirement is not large, even for a very large network system such as the road system in several states in Tiger/Line file. To evaluate its performance, New Mexico state road system is used as the test case, and is compared with Dijkstra's algorithm. The average running time of the proposed algorithm is, in the worst case, about two and a half times slower than that of Dijkstra's algorithm; provided that in Dijkstra's algorithm, the whole graph can be fit into main memory and is already loaded in advance. If the I/O time for loading the whole graph is counted, the proposed algorithm is faster in essentially all cases.
The emergence of squamates as model systems for integrative biology

Most of the major vertebrate clades have representative model species with vast molecular and laboratory resources. Evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) has progressed on the backs of these model systems using their tools for comparative studies among relatively closely related species. Despite a rich history of ecological, behavioral, physiological, and evolutionary study of squamates (lizards and snakes; Sites et al. 2011), this group has yet to realize a well-developedmodel species. The details of squamate development and the unique qualities of squamate genomes have been largely unexplored. With the advent of more accessible molecular tools, the lower costs of sequencing, and the publication of the genomes of the green anole (Anolis carolinensis) and Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus), this is changing rapidly (Alfoldi et al. 2011; Castoe et al. 2011). One of the hallmark objectives of evo-devo is to understand the developmental and molecular bases of morphological diversity. The goal of this article is to introduce some of the key features of squamate diversity, highlight some of the recent advances in squamate development, and outline ongoing efforts to developAnolis lizards as amodel clade for integrative research.
Circular polarization of circumstellar water masers around S Per

We present the first circular polarization measurements of circumstellar H2O masers. Previously the magnetic field in circumstellar envelopes has been estimated using polarization observations of SiO and OH masers. SiO masers are probes of the high temperature and density regime close to the central star. OH masers are found at much lower densities and temperatures, generally much further out in the circumstellar envelope. The detection of the circular polarization of the (6_16 - 5_23) rotational transition of the H2O maser could be attributed to Zeeman splitting due to the magnetic field in the intermediate temperature and density regime. The fields inferred here agree well with predicted values for a combination of the r^{-2} dependence of a solar-type magnetic field, and the coupling of the field to the high density masing regions. We also discuss the unexpected narrowing of the circular polarization spectrum.
Image-Guided Surgery Using Invisible Near-Infrared Light: Fundamentals of Clinical Translation

The field of biomedical optics has matured rapidly over the last decade and is poised to make a significant impact on patient care. In particular, wide-field (typically > 5 cm), planar, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has the potential to revolutionize human surgery by providing real-time image guidance to surgeons for tissue that needs to be resected, such as tumors, and tissue that needs to be avoided, such as blood vessels and nerves. However, to become a clinical reality, optimized imaging systems and NIR fluorescent contrast agents will be needed. In this review, we introduce the principles of NIR fluorescence imaging, analyze existing NIR fluorescence imaging systems, and discuss the key parameters that guide contrast agent development. We also introduce the complexities surrounding clinical translation using our experience with the Fluorescence-Assisted Resection and Exploration (FLARE™) imaging system as an example. Finally, we introduce state-of-the-art optical imaging techniques that might someday improve image-guided surgery even further.