Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scalable Recurrent Neural Network Language Models for Speech Recognition

Language model is a vital part in modern state-ofart ASR systems. N-Gram LMs have been dominating the area of language modelling during last several decades. Recently, recurrent neural network language models (RNNLMs) present promising performance in many areas and various tasks [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. In this thesis, we aim to further explore recurrent neural network in the application of automatic speech recognition from the aspect of language models. RNNLMs have good ability of generalization and modelling long term history. However, the success of RNNLMs was mainly reported on small train corpus and N-best rescoring is used for speech recognition in previous research, which limits its potential application. It is not easy to do lattice rescoring and parallel training of RNNLMs due to its long-term history character. Efficient lattice rescoring and trainin g are studied for speech recognition. We then study the efficient adaptation of RNNLMs. Topic model based adaptation of RNNLMs is presented in Chapter 4, which makes good use of the context information and improvements on both perplexity and WER are obtained on state-of-art ASR system. The next chapter will investigate the integration of metadata in RNNLM for ASR. The last chapter draws the conclusion and discuss the future work.
Ghost constraints and the covariant quantization of the superparticle in ten dimensions

We present a modification of the Berkovits superparticle. This is firstly in order to covariantly quantize the pure spinor ghosts, and secondly to covariantly calculate matrix elements of a generic operator between two states. We proceed by lifting the pure spinor ghost constraints and regaining them through a BRST cohomology. We are then able to perform a BRST quantization of the system in the usual way, except for some interesting subtleties. Since the pure spinor constraints are reducible, ghosts for ghosts terms are needed, which have so far been calculated up to level 4. Even without a completion of these terms, we are still able to calculate arbitrary matrix elements of a physical operator between two physical states.
Semantic Multimedia Search: The Case of SMIL Documents

Since the first implementations of its principles, the Semantic Web presented a field of free work to ensure its integration and adaptation to the various domains of research. The application of Semantic Web technologies into the process of search in a collection of SMIL documents appears a promising initiative seen the evolution of this language through its various versions. In this paper we propose a semantic search tool in a collection of SMIL documents; this tool adopts a procedure composed of three modules: description, interrogation and representation of the results. We employ for the first module metadata commonly used to annotate information semantically, and for the second we solicit languages of Semantic Web such as RDF, OWL and SPARQL and seen the importance of collaboration of ontologies in the semantic description of multimedia resources, we also present the technique of concepts connection allowing to extend an initial ontology.
The effect of myopia on contrast thresholds.

PURPOSE To examine the relationship between the degree of myopia and foveally measured contrast thresholds. METHODS Monocular thresholds for positive and negative contrast were obtained from 60 myopes (-1.0 to -8.0 D) and 20 emmetropes of similar age. The contrast thresholds were measured at different background luminance levels, photopic and mesopic, by using a visual stimulus generator and a staircase METHOD Against a gray background, light (dark) letters were used to study positive (negative) contrast. ANOVA was used to identify factors influencing the contrast sensitivity. For the myopes, the contrast thresholds were regressed against the spherical equivalent refractive error, accounting for different intercepts and slopes between positive and negative contrasts. RESULTS Myopes yielded lower sensitivity to contrast than did emmetropes and, in contrast to emmetropes, exhibited higher contrast thresholds for negative than for positive contrast in both photopic and mesopic conditions. At all background luminance levels, contrast thresholds of myopic subjects increased systematically with a higher spherical equivalent refractive error, and the rate of increase was higher for negative than for positive contrast. The regression models yielded adjusted coefficients of determination (R(2)(adj)) of 0.735 and higher. CONCLUSIONS Despite having corrected visual acuity, myopes exhibited reduced sensitivity to contrast in comparison to emmetropes. Furthermore, the contrast sensitivity decreased with an increasing degree of myopia, and the rate of decline was higher for negative than for positive contrast.
miRNAs in human cancer

Mature microRNAs (miRNAs) are single‐stranded RNA molecules of 20–23 nucleotide (nt) length that control gene expression in many cellular processes. These molecules typically reduce the stability of mRNAs, including those of genes that mediate processes in tumorigenesis, such as inflammation, cell cycle regulation, stress response, differentiation, apoptosis and invasion. miRNA targeting is mostly achieved through specific base‐pairing interactions between the 5′ end (‘seed’ region) of the miRNA and sites within coding and untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs; target sites in the 3′ UTR lead to more effective mRNA destabilization. Since miRNAs frequently target hundreds of mRNAs, miRNA regulatory pathways are complex. To provide a critical overview of miRNA dysregulation in cancer, we first discuss the methods currently available for studying the role of miRNAs in cancer and then review miRNA genomic organization, biogenesis and mechanism of target recognition, examining how these processes are altered in tumorigenesis. Given the critical role miRNAs play in tumorigenesis processes and their disease‐specific expression, they hold potential as therapeutic targets and novel biomarkers. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Locomotion@location: when the rubber hits the road

Contextual information of persons can be comprised of a variety of different fragments. The sensor-based recognition of activities, which is one very important part of contextual information, is very well evaluated in laboratory surroundings with different sensor configurations. This paper presents the utilization of locomotion and location information inferred from sensor-readings in a real-world setting by applying a system that operates in an opportunistic and unobtrusive way. We let the rubber hit the road by exploiting locomotion and (in-door) location information in private households to optimize the energy consumption in terms of autonomous and implicit control of electronic appliances. By using on-body and environmental sensor devices, that are not presumably fixed, thus are accessed in an opportunistic manner, our system is able to safely control devices in terms of implicitly optimizing the energy consumption. We have conducted a field study in 15 households, where we have used the location and locomotion information of the residents to decide with a rule-based background intelligence, which electronic appliances can be safely turned off.
The Influence of Education on Chinese Version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Detecting Amnesic Mild Cognitive Impairment among Older People in a Beijing Rural Community

To assess the influence of education on the performance of Chinese version of Montreal cognitive assessment (C-MoCA) in relation to the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) in detecting amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) among rural-dwelling older people C-MoCA and MMSE was administered and diagnostic interviews were conducted among community-dwelling elderly in two villages in Beijing. The performance of C-MoCA and MMSE in detecting aMCI was evaluated by the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Effect size of education on variations in C-MoCA scores was estimated with general linear model. Among 172 study participants (24 cases of aMCI and 148 normal controls), the AUC of C-MoCA was 0.72 (95% CI = 0.62–0.81, cutoff = 20/21), compared to AUC of MMSE of 0.74 (95% CI = 0.64–0.84, cutoff = 26/27). The performance of both C-MoCA and MMSE was especially poorer among those with low (0–6 years) education. After controlling for gender and age, education (η 2 = 0.204) had a surpassing effect over aMCI diagnosis (η 2 = 0.052) on variations in C-MoCA scores. Among rural older people, the MoCA showed modest accuracy and was no better than MMSE in detecting aMCI, especially in those with low education, due to the overwhelming effect of education relative to aMCI diagnosis on variations in C-MoCA performance.
In vivo analyses of RNA polymerase I termination in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Recent studies on the termination of rDNA transcription by RNA polymerase I in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe have suggested a more complex mechanism then previously described in higher eukaryotes. Termination appears to occur when a DNA-bound Reb1 protein molecule induces polymerase to pause in the context of a release element [see Reeder,R.H. and Lang,W. (1994) Mol. Microbiol . , 12, 11-15]. Because these conclusions in yeast were based entirely on in vitro analyses, we have examined the same termination process in S.pombe by expressing targeted mutations in vivo . S1nuclease protection studies indicate three tandemly arranged termination sites with most transcripts very efficiently terminated at the first site, 267 nt after the 3' end of the mature 25S rRNA sequence. Termination at each site is mediated by conserved terminator elements which bear limited sequence homology with that of mouse and also can be identified in S.cerevisiae . Removal of the first terminator element transfers dominance to the second site and construction of a new single terminator element at +150 still results in efficient termination and rRNA processing without a need for an additional upstream element. Genomic 'footprint' analyses and gel retardation assays confirm a process mediated by a strongly interacting protein factor but implicate an alternate binding site. Removal of the 5' flanking sequence or structure also had no effect on the site or efficiency of termination. Taken together the results in vivo suggest that the termination process in this fission yeast more strongly resembles the single element-mediated mechanism initially reported in mouse and is not dependent on additional upstream sequence as first reported in S.cerevisiae and postulated to function in general.
Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis for Dental Practitioners

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a well-known oral disease with unclear etiopathogenesis for which symptomatic therapy is only available. This kind of study aimed to highlight the main points that the general practitioners should be taken in their consideration. We have collected our data from PubMed line from 1972 to 2011. Our criteria included the papers that refer to the general predisposing factors, and the general treatment of RAS. Some papers which indicated to the specific details related to RAS that needed a consultant or specialist in Oral Medicine have not included. There is no clear guideline of the etiology, diagnosis, and management of RAS; therefore, the majority of the general practitioners refer most of the cases to appropriate specialist.
EFFECT OF INTRAOPERATIVE MITOMYCIN-C APPLICATION IN OUTCOME OF EXTERNAL DACRYOCYSTORHINOSTOMY.

BACKGROUND Patients develop postoperative fibrosis at the site of operation after dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) which results in impairment of the osteum patency. This quasi-experimental study was undertaken to determine the role of intraoperative Mitomycin C (MMC) application in maintaining postoperative patency of the osteum. METHODOLOGY The present study was conducted at the Eye department of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad on patients in whom routine DCR was indicated. Subjects were divided into mitomycin C (Test) and non mitomycin C (Control) groups. In test group, Mitomycin C was applied to the anastomosed flaps and osteotomy site for 30 minutes. Postoperative patients were followed for up to 6 months and outcome of patency was documented. RESULTS A.total of 73 patients were included, divided into test (30) and control (43) groups. An overall success rate of 86.3% was obtained for patent ostia; this was based on 96.67% success in test group compared to 79.1% in the control group (p=0.031). CONCLUSION Intraoperative application of Mitomycin-C significantly improves the success rate in external dacryocystorhinostomy.
Authenticity and Subjective Wellbeing within the Context of a Religious Organization

Although authenticity has a long history as a philosophical and psychological idea, this concept has received scarce attention in the business literature until very lately. Nevertheless, scholars belonging to a broad array of disciplines have pointed out the escalation in the individuals’ search for authenticity within developed societies. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to assess the link between authenticity and subjective wellbeing within the rarely explored context of faith-driven organizations, where the management of emotions attains a particular significance. Specifically, this study links authenticity with subjective wellbeing among the distinct groups that shape a large international Catholic organization. This study uses Partial Least Squares (PLS) to test our research model and hypotheses. This paper covers two noteworthy research gaps. On the one hand, it provides evidence of the relationship between authenticity and subjective wellbeing within the context of religious organizations. On the other hand, our results suggest that this relationship is not homogeneous among the distinct groups that shape the organization. Implications of the research are finally discussed.
The role of exposure to community violence and developmental problems among inner-city youth

While research has well documented that urban youth are exposed to increasing rates of community violence, little is known about what increases risk for violence exposure, what protects children from exposure to violence, and what factors reduce the most negative outcomes associated with witnessing violence. This study expands on current research by evaluating the relations between exposure to violence, family relationship characteristics and parenting practices, and aggression and depression symptoms. Data were drawn from a sample of 245 African-American and Latino boys and their caregivers from economically disadvantaged inner-city neighborhoods in Chicago. Rates of exposure could not be predicted from family relationship and parenting characteristics, although there was a trend for discipline to be related. Exposure to community violence was related to increases in aggressive behavior and depression over a 1-year period even after controlling for previous status. Future studies should continue to evaluate the role of exposure to violence on the development of youth among different neighborhoods and communities. Implications for intervention and policy are discussed.
Programming Software-Defined wireless networks

Programming a mobile network requires to account for multiple complex operations, such as allocating radio resources and monitoring interference. Nevertheless, the current Software-Defined Networking ecosystem provides little support for mobile networks in term of radio data-plane abstractions, controllers, and programming primitives. Starting from the consideration that WiFi is becoming an integral part of the 5G architecture, we present a set of programming abstractions modeling three fundamental aspects of a WiFi network, namely state management of wireless clients, resource provisioning, and network state collection. The proposed abstractions hide away the implementation details of the underlying wireless technology providing programmers with expressive tools to control the state of the network. We also describe a proof-of-concept implementation of a Software-Defined Radio Access Network controller for WiFi networks and a Python-based Software Development Kit leveraging the proposed abstractions. The resulting platform can be effectively leveraged in order to implement typical control tasks such as mobility management and traffic engineering as well as applications and services such as multicast video delivery and/or dynamic content caching.
State Views and Local Views of Population: Linking and Comparing Genealogical and Household Register Data in Liaoning, 1749-1909 - eScholarship

Most micro-level quantitative studies of Chinese society rely on individual level data from locally produced patrilineal genealogies or from state generated household registers. Stevan Harrell, Ts’ui-jung Liu, Ted Telford, and Zhongwei Zhao and their associates use genealogies to estimate trends in demographic rates over the very long term, especially for southeastern, south central, and southern China. We and Arthur Wolf and his and our collaborators use Qing dynastic (1640-1911) and Japanese colonial (1905-1945) household registers from Liaoning and Taiwan Provinces in northeast and southeast China respectively to examine associations between individual and household characteristics on the one hand and demographic behavior on the other, largely during the last two centuries. Several studies have identified shortcomings in these sources from internal evidence, comparison with predictions from demographic models, and micro-simulations. Lineage genealogies rarely record wives and daughters, and usually omit sons who die without male offspring, especially if they die during infancy or childhood in the remote past (Harrell 1987; Telford 1990). They rarely provide data on marriage timing and often do not even record any vital data at all (Harrell 2003). Household registers appear to record most wives, but not necessarily most daughters and may even miss some sons. While recording of vital events tends to be complete, some registers appear to underrecord mortality especially among very elderly males (Lee and Campbell 1997). Most recently, micro-simulation revealed that the selectivity against extinct patrilines could distort estimates of demographic rates from genealogies, biasing mortality estimates downward and fertility estimates upward (Zhao 2001). In a caveat, Zhao (2001) noted that other forms of selection could further bias estimates from genealogies, but could not be accounted for in his simulation model.
Type inference in context

We consider the problems of first-order unification and type inference from a general perspective on problem-solving, namely that of information increase in the problem context. This leads to a powerful technique for implementing type inference algorithms. We describe a unification algorithm and illustrate the technique for the familiar Hindley-Milner type system, but it can be applied to more advanced type systems. The algorithms depend on well-founded contexts: type variable bindings and type-schemes for terms may depend only on earlier bindings. We ensure that unification yields a most general unifier, and that type inference yields principal types, by advancing definitions earlier in the context only when necessary.
Molecular dissection of the evolution of carbapenem-resistant multilocus sequence type 258 Klebsiella pneumoniae

Significance Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae has emerged globally as a multidrug-resistant hospital pathogen for which there are few treatment options. Clinical isolates classified by multilocus sequence typing (ST) as ST258 are the most widespread. The basis for the success of ST258 organisms above and beyond antibiotic resistance is not known, nor is it clear whether infections are caused by a single clone. We used genome sequencing to reveal unexpected genetic diversity among ST258 organisms (thus disproving the single-clone hypothesis) and identified a recombination hotspot that accounts for the majority of divergence—and presumably for serologic variation—among ST258 clinical isolates. Our findings will facilitate the development of new clinical strategies designed to prevent or treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae. Infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria are a major problem worldwide. Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, most notably isolates classified as multilocus sequence type (ST) 258, have emerged as an important cause of hospital deaths. ST258 isolates are predominantly multidrug resistant, and therefore infections caused by them are difficult to treat. It is not known why the ST258 lineage is the most prevalent cause of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae infections in the United States and other countries. Here we tested the hypothesis that carbapenem-resistant ST258 K. pneumoniae is a single genetic clone that has disseminated worldwide. We sequenced to closure the genomes of two ST258 clinical isolates and used these genomes as references for comparative genome sequencing of 83 additional clinical isolates recovered from patients at diverse geographic locations worldwide. Phylogenetic analysis of the SNPs in the core genome of these isolates revealed that ST258 K. pneumoniae organisms are two distinct genetic clades. This unexpected finding disproves the single-clone hypothesis. Notably, genetic differentiation between the two clades results from an ∼215-kb region of divergence that includes genes involved in capsule polysaccharide biosynthesis. The region of divergence appears to be a hotspot for DNA recombination events, and we suggest that this region has contributed to the success of ST258 K. pneumoniae. Our findings will accelerate research on novel diagnostic, therapeutic, and vaccine strategies designed to prevent and/or treat infections caused by multidrug resistant K. pneumoniae.
The Studies of Chlorogenic Acid Antitumor Mechanism by Gene Chip Detection: The Immune Pathway Gene Expression

Persistently increasing incident of cancer in human beings has served to emphasize the importance of studies on mechanism of antitumor substances. Chlorogenic acid (CA), extracted from folium cortex eucommiae, has been confirmed to have lots of biological activities encompassing inhibition of tumor. However, the anticancer mechanism of CA remains unclear. Here, we have utilized a whole mouse genome oligo microarray (4∗44K) to analyze gene expression level of female BALB/c mice (implanted with EMT-6 sarcoma cells) after treatment with low, medium, and high-dose CA (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 20 mg/kg), docetaxel, interferon, and normal saline separately at 6 time points (3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th, 15th, and 18th days after administration). Differentially expressed genes screened out by time-series analysis, GO analysis, and pathway analysis, and four immune-related genes were selected for further confirmation using RT-qPCR. The results demonstrated that CA is able to change gene expression and that the responsive genes (CaN, NFATC2, NFATC2ip, and NFATC3) involved in immune pathways had been significantly upregulated by CA. Expression of immune factors such as IL-2R and IFN-γ can be improved by CA to promote activation and proliferation of T cells, macrophages, and NK cells, thus enhancing their surveillance and killing abilities, further suppressing the growth rate of tumor cells.