Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impactos de medidas "antidumping" adotadas pelos EUA sobre o setor siderúrgico de Minas Gerais e o restante do Brasil

The aim of this paper was to analyze the effect of the United States antidumping policy over exports by the steelmaking industry of Minas Gerais between 1999 and 2002. The results showed antidumping to be an instrument which had a significant effect on the decrease in trade flows. After the analyses of the integration between econometrics results and the inter-regional input-product matrices, it was possible to conclude that the most affected sector was steelmaking, with 75% of the total product effects in the period. With regards to employment, the average impact on the Minas Gerais steelmaking industry was more than 50% of the total new job opportunities, if neither antidumping measure had been adopted; and the steelmaking industry of the other regions of the country would be responsible for more than 16% of job opportunities created in the period.
Gearing-up governance for sustainable development: Patterns of policy appraisal in UK central government

Abstract The UK is reportedly an international leader in the application of environmental policy appraisal (EPA). From the late 1980s until 2004, UK central government sought to produce ex ante assessments of the potential environmental impacts of different policy options. Critics maintain that EPA had a very limited impact on policy-making activities in Whitehall departments. However, the empirical basis for these claims is surprisingly thin. This paper seeks to better understand what facilitated or retarded EPA by looking at its use in Whitehall, with the aim being to draw lessons for the UK's new and more integrated appraisal regime, as well as similar systems in the European Union. The paper finds that the implementation of EPA was both weak and highly sectorised, and that there is an underlying resistance to policy appraisal per se in Whitehall. These weaknesses urgently need to be addressed otherwise new systems of integrated appraisal will not deliver what is expected of them.
ASYMP: Fault-tolerant Mining of Massive Graphs

We present ASYMP, a distributed graph processing system developed for the timely analysis of graphs with trillions of edges. ASYMP has several distinguishing features including a robust fault tolerance mechanism, a lockless architecture which scales seamlessly to thousands of machines, and efficient data access patterns to reduce per-machine overhead. ASYMP is used to analyze the largest graphs at Google, and the graphs we consider in our empirical evaluation here are, to the best of our knowledge, the largest considered in the literature. Our experimental results show that compared to previous graph processing frameworks at Google, ASYMP can scale to larger graphs, operate on more crowded clusters, and complete real-world graph mining analytic tasks faster. First, we evaluate the speed of ASYMP, where we show that across a diverse selection of graphs, it runs Connected Component 3-50x faster than state of the art implementations in MapReduce and Pregel. Then we demonstrate the scalability and parallelism of this framework: first by showing that the running time increases linearly by increasing the size of the graphs (without changing the number of machines), and then by showing the gains in running time while increasing the number of machines. Finally, we demonstrate the fault-tolerance properties for the framework, showing that inducing 50% of our machines to fail increases the running time by only 41%.
Nonlinear Exposures of Fundamental Index Returns

The Research Affiliates Index (RAFI) methodology is a fundamental weighting strategy which has rapidly built up its popularity and investors can invest in the strategy using Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs). In this article, these investment vehicles are investigated with a consideration of their nonlinear exposure to their benchmark factors. The results provide some evidence for out-performance of the RAFI methodology. Further, portfolios following the strategy may exhibit some spurious market timing characteristics which can be explained as an omitted variable bias in the analysis. The evidence for omitted variables after adjusting for book-to-market anomaly implies that fundamental indexation is not just about value bias.
Expected Earnings Growth and the Cost of Capital: An Analysis of Accounting Regime Change in the European Financial Market

This study focuses on the relation between the cost of equity capital and earnings expectations when the properties of accounting that determine earnings vary across different regulatory regimes. More particularly, it addresses the European setting where different types of GAAP regime have continued to function in the presence of the gradual harmonization of the underlying legal framework, and where the adoption of internationally recognized accounting standards by certain firms has anticipated the requirement for International Financial Reporting Standards. On the basis of estimates of the cost of equity that are implied by analysts’ earnings forecasts, the article provides evidence that financial market integration may have already contributed to mitigating the economic consequences of accounting diversity, and that switching to IFRS could have a short lived impact on capital markets. Moreover, based on firm level transparency and disclosure rankings provided by Standard and Poor's, it is shown how the quality of financial reporting conditions the implied cost of equity under different GAAP.
The Politics of Pragmatism: An Analysis of the 1989 Gubernatorial Election in Virginia

N ational attention was focused on L. Douglas Wilder's election as governor of Virginia on November 7, 1989. That a black man could muster the votes to win in Virginia, once the heart of the Confederacy, where black voters compose 19% of the electorate seemed beyond belief. But he did defeat Republican Marshall Coleman, albeit by a very narrow margin (four-tenths of one percent), and only after a recount demanded by Coleman. Wilder's election constituted the third consecutive sweep of the state's top elective offices by the Democratic Party.
Automated 2D Detection and Localization of Construction Resources in Support of Automated Performance Assessment of Construction Operations

This study presents two computer vision based algorithms for automated 2D detection of construction workers and equipment from site video streams. The state-of-the-art research proposes semi-automated detection methods for tracking of construction workers and equipment. Considering the number of active equipment and workers on jobsites and their frequency of appearance in a camera’s field of view, application of semi-automated techniques can be timeconsuming. To address this limitation, two new algorithms based on Histograms of Oriented Gradients and Colors (HOG+C), 1) HOG+C sliding detection window technique, and 2) HOG+C deformable part-based model are proposed and their performance are compared to the state-ofthe-art algorithm in computer vision community. Furthermore, a new comprehensive benchmark dataset containing over 8,000 annotated video frames including equipment and workers from different construction projects is introduced. This dataset contains a large range of pose, scale, background, illumination, and occlusion variation. The preliminary results with average performance accuracies of 100%, 92.02%, and 89.69% for workers, excavators, and dump trucks respectively, indicate the applicability of the proposed methods for automated activity analysis of workers and equipment from single video cameras. Unlike other state-of-the-art algorithms in automated resource tracking, these methods particularly detects idle resources and does not need manual or semi-automated initialization of the resource locations in 2D video frames.
Terahertz square ring resonators incorporating CMOS left-handed transmission line

This paper presents the designs of the monolithic square ring resonators based on the composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) operated in left-handed slow-wave region. The proposed resonator is fully realized by only using CRLH cells, and its design equation is derived based on the left-handed guiding properties, indicating how the frequency-dependent slow-wave factor affecting the resonant modes inside the ring resonator. The quality-factor (Q-factor), which is theoretically extracted from the complex propagation constant of the proposed CMOS LH-TL, exceeds 25 from 386 GHz to 486 GHz. Two left-handed (LH) ring resonators, which consist of eight and sixteen unit cells, are fabricated in the standard 0.13 μm 1P8M CMOS foundry. From 325 GHz to 500 GHz, the on-wafer measured results closely agree with the theoretical predictions, showing that the 8-cell LH resonator has two resonating frequencies at 362 GHz and 468 GHz with the unload Q-factors of 14.2 and 21.2, respectively. The 16-cell LH resonator has Q-factors of 17.6 and 22.3 at the resonating frequencies at 389 GHz and 482 GHz.
The Relative Importance of Domestic and Global Factors in Explaining Australian Stock Returns

In this study, we explore the relative importance of the several documented factors in explaining the behaviour of stock returns for a sample of 157 Australian companies over the period 1993-9. In line with prior evidence, we contend that the influence of global (market, industry and currency) factors is related to the extent of a firm's international activity. We find that Australian firms are in large part impacted by domestic factors with the level of sensitivity declining as the level of international activity increases. In contrast to prior literature, we also show that Australian firm returns are related to regional market, global industry and currency factors and the firm's sensitivity to these factors is an increasing function of its level of international activities.
High Peak Power, Passively  $Q$-switched Microlaser for Ignition of Engines

The compact (electric spark plug size), diode-pumped, passively Q-switched Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG microlaser was developed for ignition of engines. Output energy of 2.7 mJ per pulse and 11.7 mJ per four-pulse train with a pulsewidth of 600 ps and an M 2 value of 1.2 were obtained at a pump duration of 500 ¿s. The optical-to-optical conversion efficiency was 19%. Brightness of the microlaser was calculated as 0.3 PW/ sr-cm2 and optical power intensity was calculated as 5 TW/cm2 at the focal point of ignition. The enhanced combustion by the microlaser ignition was successfully demonstrated in a constant-volume chamber at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The cross section area of a flame kernel generated by laser ignition is 3 times larger than that by a conventional spark plug at 6 ms after ignition in a stoichiometric mixture (A/F 15.2) of C 3H 8/air, even though ignition energy of the laser is 1/3 of that of the spark plug. Hundred percent ignition was successfully demonstrated in a lean mixture of A/F 17.2 by laser ignition, where electric spark plug ignition failed.
Serodiagnosis by passive hemagglutination test and verotoxin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections in patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome

Eight cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in which no pathogens were isolated were diagnosed serologically by a passive hemagglutination assay and a verotoxin (VT; Shiga-like toxin) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The passive hemagglutination assay employed formalinized sheep erythrocytes sensitized with soluble native antigen or heat-treated antigen (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) from Escherichia coli O26, O111, O128, and O157 or flagellar antigen of nine different H serogroups of E. coli: H2, H7, H8, H10, H11, H12, H18, H19, and H25. All patients had antibodies against the native antigen and/or the LPS of E. coli O157, but positive agglutination with H7 was observed only in one patient. In the VT-ELISA with plates coated with purified VT 1 or VT 2, antibody against VT 2 was observed in the sera of five of six patients examined, but none of the patients possessed VT 1 antibody. These results indicate that the causative pathogen in these eight hemolytic-uremic syndrome cases is likely to be VT-producing E. coli O157. The passive hemagglutination assay described here is a very sensitive, simple, and rapid method. This assay is highly recommended for the serological diagnosis of VT-producing E. coli infections, particularly in patients infected by serogroup O157 strains. Furthermore, the VT-ELISA is useful in studying the role of VT in hemolytic-uremic syndrome.
Five-Year Growth Trajectories of Kindergarten Children With Learning Difficulties in Mathematics

The investigators used data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K) to estimate whether and to what extent the timing and persistence of mathematics difficulties (MD) in kindergarten predicted children's first through fifth grade math growth trajectories. Results indicated that children persistently displaying MD (i.e., those experiencing MD in both fall and spring of kindergarten) had the lowest subsequent growth rates, children with MD in spring only had the second-lowest growth rates, and children with MD in the fall only (and who had thus recovered from their MD by the spring of kindergarten) had the next-lowest growth rates. The children who did not have MD in either fall or spring of kindergarten had the highest growth rates. These results were observed prior to and after statistical control for additional variables. They indicate that measuring the timing and persistence of kindergarten children's mathematics learning difficulties may help identify those most at risk for failing to become mathematically proficient during elementary school.
Quantification of minimal residual disease in patients with BCR‐ABL‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia using quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction

We analysed 20 patients with BCR‐ABL‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) by quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (QC‐PCR) to study the kinetics of the leukaemic clone. Consecutive samples of 16 patients (minor‐bcr, n = 10; major‐bcr, n = 6) were analysed after conventional chemotherapy and/or bone marrow transplantation (BMT). DNA competitor templates co‐amplifying with either p210 or p190 BCR‐ABL cDNA were used for quantification of leukaemia‐specific BCR‐ABL mRNA. In all samples, total ABL transcripts were measured as internal control, and the percentage of BCR‐ABL/ABL molecules was calculated. Following induction chemotherapy the number of BCR‐ABL transcripts was reduced by a maximum of 2–3 logs. In most patients, additional chemotherapy did not lead to further reduction of BCR‐ABL mRNA. In two patients, conventional chemotherapy plus autologous BMT in complete haematological remission resulted in a total reduction of the transcript level of more than 3 logs. In two other patients, allogeneic BMT caused a transient reduction of the BCR‐ABL transcripts below the detection level of our method (<1 blast cell in 105 normal cells) for a period of 7 and 11 months, respectively. The achievement of PCR negativity did not guarantee sustained remission. Both patients relapsed and BCR‐ABL transcript levels rose by more than 1 log prior to frank relapse. Our data demonstrate that quantification of BCR‐ABL mRNA allows the evaluation of the dynamics of the leukaemic clone and thus is valuable for the evaluation of minimal residual leukaemia following various therapies and the early detection of increasing BCR‐ABL transcripts prior to relapse.
Corticosteroid Actions in the Hippocampus

Corticosteroid hormones can enter the brain and bind to two intracellular receptor types that regulate transcription of responsive genes: (i) the high affinity mineralocorticoid receptors and (ii) the glucocorticoid receptors with approximately 10‐fold lower affinity. Although most cells in the brain predominantly express glucocorticoid receptors, principal cells in limbic structures such as the hippocampus often contain glucocorticoid as well as mineralocorticoid receptors. Recent electrophysiological studies have examined the consequences of transcriptional regulation via the two receptor types for information transfer in the hippocampus. It was found that, under resting conditions, corticosteroids do not markedly alter electrical activity. However, if neurones are shifted towards more depolarized or hyperpolarized potentials due to the action of neurotransmitters, slow and adaptive effects of the corticosteroid hormones become apparent. In general, mineralocorticoid receptor occupation maintains steady electrical activity in hippocampal neurones. Brief activation of glucocorticoid receptors leads to increased influx of calcium, which normally helps to slowly reverse temporarily raised electrical activity. These slow and persistent corticosteroid actions will alter network function within the hippocampus, thus contributing to behavioural adaptation in response to stress. Modulation of hippocampal activity by corticosteroids also affects hippocampal output (e.g. to inhibitory interneurones which control hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis activity). The enhanced calcium influx after glucocorticoid receptor activation can become a risk factor when cells are simultaneously exposed to strong depolarizing inputs, such as those occuring during ischaemia. Similarly, chronically elevated corticosteroid levels (or lack of corticosteroids) could endanger hippocampal cell function. The latter may contribute to the precipitation of clinical symptoms in diseases associated with chronically aberrant corticosteroid levels.
Cochlear mechanics.

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Through silicon via placement and mapping strategy for 3D mesh based Network-on-Chip

This paper presents a combined solution to the Through-Silicon-Via (TSV) placement and mapping of cores to routers in a three-dimensional Network-on-Chip (NoC) design. It takes care of TSV geometries and communication requirements between cores. Comparison has been carried out with the recent 3D mapping results. Both static and dynamic performance have been considered. It shows that an intelligent placement of TSVs coupled with mapping can improve the performance significantly.
Frontonasal dysplasia, callosal agenesis, basal encephalocele, and eye anomalies syndrome with a partial 21q22.3 deletion

We describe a girl with a phenotype characterized by frontonasal dysplasia, callosal agenesis, basal encephalocele, and eye anomalies who presents a 46,XX,r(21) karyotype. Array‐comparative genomic hybridization using the Afflymetrix 100K DNA oligoarray set showed an interstitial deletion 21q22.3 of approximately 219 kb. Conventional karyotype of both parents was normal, and it was not possible to perform the molecular studies. In this report we raise the hypothesis that the deleted genes located at 21q22.3 could account to the phenotype. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessing e-service quality: the current state of E-S-QUAL

Purpose: This study seeks to holistically undertake a comprehensive review of the current state of the E-S-QUAL scale including the methodology used, suggestions and limitations associated with the adoption of the scale. Design/methodology/approach: The data collection process was done through an exhaustive search of the largest well-known databases and search engines such as ScienceDirect, Emerald Insight, EBSCOhost, ABI/INFORM and Google Scholar. Results: The dimensional structure of E-S-QUAL appears to be very unstable, even within a given sector. However, the general results revealed that the scale is effective in capturing the core e-service quality since it has been to a certain extent successfully replicated and applied in 11 countries and a variety of e-service settings. The dimensions of efficiency, system availability and privacy appear consistently in the various models regardless of the type of e-service. In contrast, the dimension of fulfilment seems not to be generic but specific to particular e-service contexts such as websites selling physical goods. Management implication: Providing the scale dimensional structure appears to be very unstable, both scholars and practitioners must assess the underlying factor structure of their data before drawing any conclusions from their study. Managers should be careful in applying the fulfilment dimension in contexts that have few elements in common with industry-specific which the sites did not promised about order delivery and item availability that must not be shipped.
A new fuzzy k-modes clustering algorithm for categorical data

This correspondence describes extensions to the fuzzy k-modes algorithm for clustering categorical data. We modify a simple matching dissimilarity measure for categorical objects, which allows the use of the fuzzy k-modes paradigm to obtain a cluster with strong intra-similarity, and to efficiently cluster large categorical data sets. We derive rigorously the updating formula of the fuzzy k-modes clustering algorithm with the new dissimilarity measure, and the convergence of the algorithm under the optimisation framework. Experimental results are presented to illustrate that the effectiveness of the new fuzzy k modes algorithm is better than those of the other existing k-modes algorithms.
Artificial immune system based methods for spam filtering

To solve the spam problem, many statistical learning methods and AIS methods have been proposed and applied. In essence, statistical learning methods and AIS methods have quite different origins, and they try to find the solutions from distinct aspects. In recent works, we proposed several hybrid methods, which combined immune theory with statistical methods in spam filtering. In this paper, we briefly review and analyze these works and possible extensions, and demonstrate the rationality of building hybrid immune models for spam filtering. In addition, a generic framework of an immune based model is presented, and online implementation strategies are given. It is well demonstrated that how to apply the immune based model to building an intelligent email server.
The Three Tenets of Monetary Policy

Monetary policy has three tenets: a stable money demand function, a well specified velocity of money and a reliable money creation process. The first tenet determines real money on the demand side of the market and the third fixes nominal money on the supply side. The article finds that these two tenets are present and operative. As for the second tenet, this article is one of the rare studies to test the specification of Friedman (1956), which distinguishes between the effects of transitory and permanent scales of transactions on velocity. The empirical results support this specification quite strongly. The article concludes that monetary policy in Lebanon is feasible, effective, can be independent and should be used for economic stabilisation. The state of the financial markets, as of late, indicates that monetary policy was successful in stabilising prices, inflation and foreign exchange rates and in ending the convalescence period that came after the disastrous economic experience of the war years (1975 to 1990).
Incidental and Joint Consumption in Recreation Demand

A theory for analyzing incidental consumption in a single site recreation demand model is presented. We show that incidental consumption on a recreation trip, such as a visit to see friends or a visit to a second recreation site, can be treated as a complementary good and analyzed using conventional theory. We also show that the analysis applies whether the side trips are incidental or joint. In a simple application we find that failing to account for incidental consumption appears to create little bias in valuing recreation sites.