Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnetic fields in hot stars and what we can learn for cool stars

The paper focuses on the theoretical understanding of magnetic fields in radiative zones of intermediate-mass stars. The results for magnetic instabilities and dynamo effect are then seen in view of their effects in cool stars of which in fact many also have a radiative part. We now have a detailed understanding of these magnetic instabilities and can draw first conclusions about the dynamo effect expected from them. The activity of cool stars may actually be only understandable if the dynamo process is seen in conjunction with magnetic instabilities. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Forecasting Hourly Electricity Demand Using Time-Varying Splines

Abstract A method for modeling a changing periodic pattern is developed. The use of time-varying splines enables this to be done relatively parsimoniously. The method is applied in a model used to forecast hourly electricity demand, with the periodic movements being intradaily or intraweekly. The full model contains other components, including a temperature response, which is also modeled using splines.
Fatal Pyopneumothorax in a COVID-19 Patient

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted every aspect of our lives since its start in December 2019. Among various COVID-19 complications, pleural complications are also increasingly reported but rarely from Nepal. Here, we presented a case of pyopneumothorax in a 52-year-old male patient referred from another center and admitted to the ICU of Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital with a diagnosis of severe COVID-19 pneumonia in the background of alcohol withdrawal syndrome with delirium tremens and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. He developed a rapid decline in respiratory status with a right-sided pneumothorax and underwent an immediate needle thoracostomy, followed by chest tube insertion. On the sixth day of admission, he had thick yellowish pus in the chest drain (pyopneumothorax), and despite the rigorous efforts in treatment, he died on the 15th day of admission. Though relatively uncommon, clinicians should consider pleural complications like pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pneumomediastinum, and empyema in patients with impaired immune status. In such patients, we should ensure prompt diagnosis with the earliest intervention and rationale use of antibiotics.
A Note on a Result of Liptser-Shiryaev

Given two stochastic equations with different drift terms, under very weak assumptions Liptser and Shiryaev provide the absolute continuity of the law of the solution of one equation with respect to the other one by means of Girsanov transform; then they consider the equivalence of these laws. Their assumptions involve both the drift terms. We are interested in the same results but with the main assumption involving only the difference of the drift terms. Applications of our result will be presented in the finite as well as in the infinite-dimensional setting.
Some Properties of the Nil-Graphs of Ideals of Commutative Rings

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity and ${\rm Nil}(R)$ be the set of nilpotent elements of $R$. The nil-graph of ideals of $R$ is defined as the graph $\mathbb{AG}_N(R)$ whose vertex set is $\{I:\ (0)\neq I\lhd R$ and there exists a non-trivial ideal $J$ such that $IJ\subseteq {\rm Nil}(R)\}$ and two distinct vertices $I$ and $J$ are adjacent if and only if $IJ\subseteq {\rm Nil}(R)$. Here, we study conditions under which $\mathbb{AG}_N(R)$ is complete or bipartite. Also, the independence number of $\mathbb{AG}_N(R)$ is determined, where $R$ is a reduced ring. Finally, we classify Artinian rings whose nil-graphs of ideals have genus at most one.
SYNAPPS: Data-Driven Analysis for Supernova Spectroscopy

We introduce a new computer program, SYNAPPS, for forward-modeling of supernova (SN) spectroscopy data sets. SYNAPPS is a spectrum fitter embedding a highly parameterized synthetic SN spectrum calculation within a parallel asynchronous optimizer. This open-source code is primarily aimed at the problem of systematically interpreting large sets of SN spectroscopy data. While SYNAPPS should be useful to current SN spectroscopy efforts like the Nearby Supernova Factory, Lick Observatory Supernova Search, Palomar Transient Factory, Harvard Center for Astrophysics SN program, and so on, it could also benefit future similar efforts connected to the Dark Energy Survey, Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System, or the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope. Smaller programs are also potential users. SYNAPPS illustrates the potential for data-driven discovery enabled by high-performance computing, where complex physical systems are directly constrained by large information-rich sets of scientific observations. Here, we discuss the motivation of our approach, outline the structure of the code, present some example calculations, and describe a few enhancements in terms of physics modeling, optimization, and computing that we will be pursuing for the future.
A Comprehensive Tool for Scenario Generation of Solar Irradiance Profiles

Despite their positive effects on the decarbonization of energy systems, renewable energy sources can dramatically influence the short-term scheduling of distributed energy resources (DER) in smart grids due to their intermittent and non-programmable nature. Renewables’ uncertainties need to be properly considered in order to avoid DER operation strategies that may deviate from the optimal ones. This paper presents a comprehensive tool for the scenario generation of solar irradiance profiles by using historical data for a specific location. The tool is particularly useful for creating scenarios in the context of the stochastic operation optimization of DER systems. Making use of the Roulette Wheel mechanism for generating an initial set of scenarios, the tool applies a reduction process based on the Fast-Forward method, which allows the preservation of the most representative ones while reducing the computational efforts in the next potential stochastic optimization phase. From the application of the proposed tool to a numerical case study, it emerged that plausible scenarios are generated for solar irradiance profiles to be used as input for DER stochastic optimization purposes. Moreover, the high flexibility of the proposed tool allows the estimation of the behavior of the stochastic operation optimization of DER in the presence of more fluctuating but plausible solar irradiance patterns. A sensitivity analysis has also been carried out to evaluate the impact of key parameters, such as the number of regions, a metric, and a specific parameter used for the outlier removal process on the generated solar irradiance profiles, by showing their influence on their smoothness and variability. The results of this analysis are found to be particularly suitable to guide users in the definition of scenarios with specific characteristics.
A First Course on Atmospheric Radiation

Textbooks almost never make their authors rich, and Grant Petty already has a day job as an associate professor at the University of Wisconsin,so he must have had something he wanted to say pretty urgently to write A First Course in Atmospheric Radiation. He has certainly taken a different approach than the authors of the half-dozen tomes that already exist on the subject. His book is aimed directly at beginning students, and it is written in casual language, short on math and long on physical reasoning and applications to real-world problems. The book may not quite live up to what Petty wants it to be, but it will suit its intended audience much better than anything else available.
$\eta$-invariant and flat vector bundles

We present an alternate definition of the mod {\bf Z} component of the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer $\eta$ invariant associated to (not necessary unitary) flat vector bundles, which identifies explicitly its real and imaginary parts. This is done by combining a deformation of flat connections introduced in a previous paper with the analytic continuation procedure appearing in the original article of Atiyah, Patodi and Singer.
A microfluidic platform with a flow-balanced fluidic network for osteoarthritis diagnosis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common human diseases, and the occurrence of OA is likely to increase with the increase of population ages. The diagnosis of OA is based on patientrelevant measures, structural measures, and measurement of biomarkers that are released through joint metabolism. Traditionally, radiography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to diagnose OA and predict its course. However, diagnostic imaging in OA provides only indirect information on pathology and treatment response. A sensing of OA based on the detection of biomarkers insignificantly improves the accuracy and sensitivity of diagnosis and reduces the cost compared with that of radiography or MRI. In our former study, we proposed microfluidic platform to detect biomarker of OA. But the platform can detect only one biomarker because it has one microfluidic channel. In this report, we proposes microfluidic platform that can detect several biomarkers. The proposed platform has three layers. The bottom layer has gold patterns on a Si substrate for optical sensing. The middle layer and top layer were fabricated by polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) using soft-lithography. The middle layer has four channels connecting top layer to bottom layer. The top layer consists of one sample injection inlet, and four antibody injection inlets. To this end, we designed a flow-balanced microfluidic network using analogy between electric and hydraulic systems. Also, the designed microfluidic network was confirmed by finite element model (FEM) analysis using COMSOL FEMLAB. To verify the efficiency of fabricated platform, the optical sensing test was performed to detect biomarker of OA using fluorescence microscope. We used cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) as biomarker because it reflects specific changes in joint tissues. The platform successfully detected various concentration of COMP (0, 100, 500, 1000 ng/ml) at each chamber. The effectiveness of the microfluidic platform was verified computationally and experimentally.
Transport Maps for $\beta$-Matrix Models in the Multi-Cut Regime

We use the transport methods developped in [3] to obtain universality results for local statistics of eigenvalues in the bulk and at the edge for $\beta$-matrix models in the multi-cut regime. We construct an approximate transport map inbetween two probability measures from the fixed filling fraction model discussed in [6] and deduce from it universality in the initial model.
Uniform stability of twisted constant scalar curvature K\"ahler metrics

We introduce a norm on the space of test configurations, which we call the minimum norm. We conjecture that uniform K-stability with respect to this norm is equivalent to the existence of a constant scalar curvature K\"ahler metric. This notion of uniform K-stability is analogous to coercivity of the Mabuchi functional. We characterise the triviality of test configurations, by showing that a test configuration has zero minimum norm if and only if it has zero $L^2$-norm, if and only if it is almost trivial. We prove that the existence of a twisted constant scalar curvature K\"ahler metric implies uniform twisted K-stability with respect to the minimum norm, when the twisting is ample. We give algebro-geometric proofs of uniform K-stability in the general type and Calabi-Yau cases, as well as in the Fano case under an alpha invariant condition. Our results hold for line bundles sufficiently close to the (anti)-canonical line bundle, and also in the twisted setting. We show that log K-stability implies twisted K-stability, and also that twisted K-semistability of a variety implies that the variety has mild singularities.
Nanocapillaries and optical tweezers for studies on DNA in confinement

We present measurements on single and multiple DNA molecules inside a nanocapillary. Nanocapillaries are single molecule sensors with similar properties as standard solid-state nanopores made from silicon nitride. For stalling of DNA in the nanocapillaries, we apply optical fiber illumination in combination with video detection for real-time tracking of optically trapped colloids on a microsecond time scale. Using a cross-correlation based algorithm after image acquisition from a CMOS camera we are able to measure the position of a colloid at rates up to 40,000 frames per second over hours. A full understanding of electrokinetic transport of polyelectrolytes in strongly confined environments is still elusive. In order to shed new light on this process we perform electrophoretic force and ionic-current measurements on single and multiple DNA molecules inside nanocapillaries attached to an optically trapped colloid. The hydrodynamic interaction between single DNA molecules was investigated by capturing multiple strands inside the tip of a capillary. We find that the capture force depends linearly on the number of DNA molecules.
Temperature dependence of absorptance in laser damage of metallic mirrors: I. Melting

Naval Weapons Center damage thresholds for ultraclean metals (45 J/cm2, 100 ns, 10.6 μm, Cu) are a milestone in laser-damage studies, being reproducible, with no isolated-spot damage, and showing the first excellent agreement (∼ 15%) with a first-principles theory (developed here) for any metal or transparent material. An exact premelting temperature result for the case of optical absorptance A = Ai + A1Ts indicates that the surface-temperature rise Ts reduces the theoretical threshold (Itp)m for raising Ts to the melting temperature Tm by a factor of 3.6 to 1.6, typically. Raising Ts to Tm is a good damage criterion for 100-ns pulses, but not for single subnanosecond pulses. The previous scaling Itp∼tp1/2/A is invalid in general, but Itp∼tp1/2 is valid for (Itp)m even with A = Ai + A1Ts. Approximating a Gaussian I(t) pulse by a square pulse makes (Itp)m 17% too small in the constant-A approximation.
Design Considerations for Efficient Realization of Rectifiers in Microscale Wireless Power Transfer Systems: A Review

To ensure optimal power transfer, a wireless power transfer (WPT) system requires an efficient low-cost rectifier for realizing a self-powered wireless sensor node (WSN). This article presents a comprehensive study and analysis of the various rectifier topologies and the accompanying circuit techniques available in the literature to achieve a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE). Based on the circuit topology employed, they are classified into different categories and compared accordingly. For a fair comparison, an ultralow power application scenario of powering a WSN requiring several tens of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> power has been considered. The different passive rectifier topologies suited for low-power applications have been designed and simulated using 0.18-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> standard CMOS technology. It is observed that the auxiliary compensation technique exhibits a peak PCE of ~80%, and a peak PCE variation of ~0.7% and ~4% across different process corners and temperatures, respectively.
Magnetoelectric microwave phase shifter

An electric field tunable yttrium iron garnet (YIG)-lead zirconate titanate (PZT) phase shifter based on ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) is designed and characterized. The electric field control of the phase shift δφ arises through magnetoelectric interactions. The piezoelectric deformation in PZT in an electric field E leads to a shift in the FMR frequency in YIG and a phase shift. For E=5–8kV∕cm applied across PZT, δφ=90°–180° and an insertion loss of 1.5–4dB are obtained. Theoretical estimates of δφ are in excellent agreement with the data.
Anti-proliferative potentials of Excoecaria agallocha Leaf extract in human breast cancer cell line- an antioxidant enzyme approach

In this investigation, an attempt has been made to study the anticancer potential of ethanolic extract of Excoecaria agallocha (EEEA) leaves in terms of their restoration of altered antioxidant status in human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line. The MCF-7 cell line which was primarily passaged was used for this study. Approximately 4 × 10 5 cells in each well were divided into four groups and the following treatments were given. Group-I control cells without any treatment, group-II cells were treated with EEEA 25 µg/ml, and group–III cells were treated with EEEA 50µg/ml, respectively. Group-IV cells were treated with doxorubicin (10µg/ml), the positive control used in this study. The treated cells were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours in a CO 2 incubator. The enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GP X ) as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione, vitamin E, and vitamin C were estimated in the treated MCF-7 cells at the end of incubation. In this study, there was a significant ( p < 0.05) increase in CAT and glutathione levels and a decrease in vitamin C, vitamin E, and SOD, GR, GST, and GP X levels in the untreated MCF-7 cells. It can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of EEEA leaf exert its anticancer activity by modulating the antioxidant enzymes.
Modeling of outer radiation belt electrons by multidimensional diffusion process

[1] In this study, we develop a new code which uses a hybrid finite difference (HFD) method to solve a 2-D bounce-averaged energy-pitch angle diffusion equation in the outer radiation belts. We implement the numerical algorithm by adopting a split operator technique, an implicit scheme for dealing with diagonal diffusion coefficients, and an alternative direction implicit scheme for off-diagonal (or cross) diffusion coefficients. We show that our code HFD can successfully overcome the unstable problem when the large and rapidly varying cross diffusion coefficients are included. Particularly, we examine whether resonant interactions with obliquely propagated whistler mode chorus and hiss waves result in a net acceleration or loss of relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt L = 4.5. Numerical simulations show that chorus waves can yield significant acceleration of relativistic electrons, while hiss waves are primarily responsible for scattering equatorially mirroring electrons toward the loss cone.
Inexact Non-Convex Newton-Type Methods

For solving large-scale non-convex problems, we propose inexact variants of trust region and adaptive cubic regularization methods, which, to increase efficiency, incorporate various approximations. In particular, in addition to approximate sub-problem solves, both the Hessian and the gradient are suitably approximated. Using rather mild conditions on such approximations, we show that our proposed inexact methods achieve similar optimal worst-case iteration complexities as the exact counterparts. Our proposed algorithms, and their respective theoretical analysis, do not require knowledge of any unknowable problem-related quantities, and hence are easily implementable in practice. In the context of finite-sum problems, we then explore randomized sub-sampling methods as ways to construct the gradient and Hessian approximations and examine the empirical performance of our algorithms on some real datasets.
A VGGNet-Based Method for Refined Bathymetry from Satellite Altimetry to Reduce Errors

Only approximately 20% of the global seafloor topography has been finely modeled. The rest either lacks data or its data are not accurate enough to meet practical requirements. On the one hand, the satellite altimeter has the advantages of large-scale and real-time observation. Therefore, it is widely used to measure bathymetry, the core of seafloor topography. However, there is often room to improve its precision. Multibeam sonar bathymetry is more precise but generally limited to a smaller coverage, so it is in a complementary relationship with the satellite-derived bathymetry. To combine the advantages of satellite altimetry-derived and multibeam sonar-derived bathymetry, we apply deep learning to perform multibeam sonar-based bathymetry correction for satellite altimetry bathymetry data. Specifically, we modify a pretrained VGGNet neural network model to train on three sets of bathymetry data from the West Pacific, Southern Ocean, and East Pacific. Experiments show that the correlation of bathymetry data before and after correction can reach a high level, with the performance of R2 being as high as 0.81, and the normalized root-mean-square deviation (NRMSE) improved by over 19% compared with previous research. We then explore the relationship between R2 and water depth and conclude that it varies at different depths. Thus, the terrain specificity is a factor that affects the precision of the correction. Finally, we apply the difference in water depth before and after the correction for evaluation and find that our method can improve by more than 17% compared with previous research. The results show that the VGGNet model can perform better correction to the bathymetry data. Hence, we provide a novel method for accurate modeling of the seafloor topography.
The Gamma and Strominger–Yau–Zaslow
conjectures : a tropical approach to periods

We propose a new method to compute asymptotics of periods using tropical geometry, in which the Riemann zeta values appear naturally as error terms in tropicalization. Our method suggests how the Gamma class should arise from the Strominger-Yau-Zaslow conjecture. We use it to give a new proof of (a version of) the Gamma Conjecture for Batyrev pairs of mirror Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces.
Risky Justice of the Law: The Impact of Risk-Assessment Tools on Aboriginal Offenders’ Overrepresentation in Canada's Federal Prisons

Official narratives have often blamed the Aboriginal peoples of Canada for their over-representation in Canada's federal prisons. This article argues that the problem is partially due to the problematic design and application of risk-assessment tools that have produced dubious results for Aboriginal offenders. This, in turn, has resulted in a vicious circle, beginning with labeling Aboriginal offenders as high-security risk offenders, followed by the lowering of their chances of getting paroled, and ending in their long-term stays in federal prisons. This last stage, in turn, becomes justification for the other two. And so continues the circle.
Extreme value theory for synchronization of coupled map lattices

We show that the probability of the appearance of synchronization in chaotic coupled map lattices is related to the distribution of the maximum of a certain observable evaluated along almost all orbits. We show that such a distribution belongs to the family of extreme value laws, whose parameters, namely the extremal index, allow us to get a detailed description of the probability of synchronization. Theoretical results are supported by robust numerical computations that allow us to go beyond the theoretical framework provided and are potentially applicable to physically relevant systems.
Cellular resolutions of powers of monomial ideals

There are many connections between the invariants of the different powers of an ideal. We investigate how to construct minimal resolutions for all powers at once using methods from algebraic and polyhedral topology with a focus on ideals arising from combinatorics. In one construction, we obtain cellular resolutions for all powers of edge ideals of bipartite graphs on n vertices, supported by (n-2)-dimensional complexes. Our main result is an explicit minimal cellular resolution for all powers of edge ideals of paths. These cell complexes are constructed by first subdividing polyhedral complexes and then modifying them using discrete Morse theory.