Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
External Debt and Growth in Developing Countries

The paper aims to enhance the existing literature on the debt-growth nexus by analysing the relationship in two separate country groups using the extreme bounds analysis for sensitivity tests and the mixed, fixed, and random coefficient approach that allows for heterogeneity in the causal relationship between debt and growth. Irrespective of the debt measure used, the results are robust across the two country groups—HIPC and non-HIPC—as well as two different testing procedures. The extreme bounds analysis shows that the relationship between a debt measure and economic growth is robust to changes in the conditioning set of information included in the regression equations. The mixed, fixed, and random coefficient approach, on the other hand, show a statistically significant negative causal impact running from each of the four debt measures to economic growth in both country groups. The results have important policy implications.
Valuation of agricultural land-use scenarios with choice experiments: a political market share approach

This paper evaluates the preferences of cantonal politicians for future agricultural land-use scenarios in a rural region of the Swiss lowlands. We combine results from a choice experiment with the outcome of a mathematical programming model. As a result, we define cost-efficient future land-use scenarios which would find acceptance in the cantonal parliament. Our study indicates that the level of agricultural production associated with the extent of environmental goods and services in these land-use scenarios is a crucial issue in the political acceptance and thus in the design of green payments for agriculture.
Iran Economic Potency for the Treatment of Dutch Disease

One of the features of petroleum economies is incidence of Dutch disease in them which by increasing oil prices and oil revenues , the country wealth will be increased . The increase in wealth causes reinforcement of non-tradable sector of economy and decline in tradable sector of economy . In this case , some activities like services and construction will develop and instead , the activities such as industry will stagnate . The Dutch disease will happen in this case . The main aim of this research is the survey of Dutch disease in Iran economy for its treatment . In other words , the result of investigation demonstrates the existence of Dutch disease in Iran economy .
Building States without Society: European Union Enlargement and the Transfer of EU Social Policy to Poland and Hungary

Building States without Society: European Union Enlargement and the Transfer of EU Social Policy to Poland and Hungary, Beate Sissenich, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2007, pp. xiv, 237. Social policy has been a crucial and at times controversial area for the European Union, yet it remains limited in scope and clout. EU social policy is not a major annoyance of a kind to alarm employers nor does it present labour unions with tantalizing opportunities for social change. It does not deal with redistribution politics and does not establish an EU-level welfare state. Important topics are left out. In the negotiations before the 2004 enlargement, the issues of mobility and the freedom of movement of persons—politically charged issues in view of the fears on the part of some older members of a significant influx of workers from new lower-wage EU states—were handled in a separate negotiating chapter.
AN ADMISSIBLE TERM STRUCTURE MODEL OF SOVEREIGN YIELD SPREADS WITH MACRO FACTORS: THE CASE OF BRAZILIAN GLOBAL BONDS

We study the term structure of Brazilian sovereign bond yield spreads and their links with the domestic economy using a macro-finance framework. Our model allows Brazilian macroeconomic variables as well as a latent country risk factor to affect sovereign spreads. We find that although the Brazilian sovereign yield spreads are dominated by the risk factor during the high default risk periods of 1999 and 2002, the effects of macro variables are significant during the rest of the estimation period. In addition, the volatility level of the macroeconomic system is driven by the country risk factor. Copyright © 2009 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and The University of Manchester.
Obesity and cortisol: New perspectives on an old theme

In particular, abdominal obesity is often complicated by metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, collectively grouped into the term metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS ultimately leads to cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death worldwide (World Health Organization, 2012). An imbalance between energy (food) intake and energy expenditure is currently regarded as the major cause of obesity, with multiple contributing environmental and genetic factors. However, evidence is now mounting that cortisol is a key player in this pandemic.
The French Electoral System and its Effects

The most original feature of the French Fifth Republic is the use of a two-round system for both presidential and legislative elections. This article considers the effects of this electoral system and its development in the first 50 years of the Republic. It distinguishes between two types of effects: mechanical and psychological. It reviews the theoretical arguments for each and the available evidence. The authors first specify a series of vote–seat curves that characterise the mechanical effect, paying particular attention to the mediating effects of coalitions. They then examine the psychological effect through a series of tests on coalition formation. The article concludes by noting that much remains to be learned about the electoral system and its effects in the French Fifth Republic.
Heterogeneity, Aggregation, and Market Wage Functions: An Empirical Model of Self-Selection in the Labor Market

This paper presents an empirical equilibrium model of self-selection in the labor market that recognizes the existence of measured and unmeasured heterogeneous skills. We derive a model of the sectoral allocation of workers of different demographic types and present a new econometric procedure for combining micro and macro data to estimate supply and demand functions for unmeasured sectorspecific productive attributes. Our model extends previous empirical work on wage equations by introducing determinants of aggregate market demand and supply into an explicit, economically interpretable estimating equation. These extensions are required to produce a model that fits the distribution of wages for the U.S. labor market.
Three Coca-Cola perspectives on international management styles

Executive Overview Three members of the Coca-Cola company who work in the area of management development offer their perspectives on the differences between European and U.S. management styles in response to the previous article, Management European Style. Lynn Oliver, from the U.K., is responsible for Western Europe training and development. Kees van Langen, from the Netherlands, works with corporate and Asian managers. David Veale, based in the U.S., is manager of training and development for Coca-Cola Foods. Mr. Veale posed the questions mostly by electronic mail, occasionally commenting himself in the responses. Editor
The need for innovation as a rationale for government involvement in entrepreneurship

Governments around the world seek to support entrepreneurship, yet the justification for such intervention varies. Some governments support entrepreneurship as a means to create jobs. Others support entrepreneurship as a means to create competition in markets, with attendant lower prices. In this paper, we offer a different justification for government support for entrepreneurship: to support and encourage innovation. Innovation does raise competition, lower prices, and create jobs, but more importantly through innovation entrepreneurship creates wealth for individuals and nations. We offer a model of government support for entrepreneurship to yield innovation that is grounded in theory yet rich in practical implications. Innovation is stimulated when the innovator receives the resulting payoff (termed residual claims in economic theory). In many instances, because small firms concentrate residual claims more effectively than large firms, entrepreneurial firms out-innovate established corporations. To accelerate this process, government should advance policies that facilitate new business formation and the concentration of residual claims. Such a prescription suggests two direct approaches: raising the returns to entrepreneurship and reducing the risk. Each has specific policy implications that are discussed at length. Finally we analyse aiding entrepreneurship without a commitment to innovation, and our analysis suggests that this approach is unlikely to be as successful as the focus on innovation.
Going blank: factors contributing to interruptions to nurses' work and related outcomes.

AIM To examine interruptions to nurses' work, the systems issues related to these and the associated outcomes. BACKGROUND While some research has described the role interruptions play in medication errors, work is needed to examine specific factors in the nursing work environment that cause interruptions and to assess the impact of these on nurses' work and patient outcomes. METHODS The present study utilized a mixed method design that involved work observation to detect nursing interruptions in the workplace followed by focus groups with a subsample of nurses. RESULTS A total of 13,025 interruptions were observed. Equal numbers of these took place on medical and surgical units. The predominant source of interruptions was members of the health team, who interrupted more frequently on medical units. CONCLUSIONS Differences in the type of patient and the care needs between medical and surgical units may be a contributing factor to these findings. As members of the health team were among the leading source of interruptions, an interdisciplinary team-based approach to changing the organization and design of work should be explored. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Nurse leaders should examine ways in which nurses' work can benefit from system improvements to reduce interruptions that lead to patient safety issues such as treatment delays and loss of concentration.
Attracting and retaining quality human resources for Niagara's hospitality industry

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the best approaches management should embrace to successfully attract and retain high quality human resource talent within the Niagara region's hospitality industry.Design/methodology/approach – A selected cross‐section of relevant and recent publications are reviewed. The key findings from a mini survey involving 14 senior hospitality managers in the Niagara region are shared.Findings – This paper suggests that the hospitality managers should: understand the basics related to good human resource management practices; know the “fair market value” for each position; foster relationships with colleges and universities to tap into student labor; encourage mature workers to apply for part‐time work; and cultivate a good relationship with seasonal employees and educate them on the rewards of a career within the hospitality industry. Through the industry survey, it was discovered that hospitality managers within the Niagara region are already executing some of .
Recreation Conflict Along New York's Great Lakes Coast

This study used goal interference theory to examine the recreation conflict among motorboat users, personal watercraft users, and riparian landowners. Data were collected from three types of owners in the New York Great Lake coastal area. Results indicated each of the four recreation conflict dimensions proposed in goal interference theory contained multiple factors. Logistic regression models indicated that one or more dimensions were significant in predicting perceived conflict and the models correctly predicted conflict in over 70% to 100% of the cases. Goal interference theory can be seen as a general model, but significance of the four dimensions depends on types of recreation activities and users.
Development Strategy, Viability, and Economic Institutions

This paper explores the politically determined development objectives and the intrinsic logic of government intervention policies in east developed countries. It is argued that the distorted institutional structure in China and in many least developed countries, after the Second World War, can be largely explained by government adoption of inappropriate development strategies. Motivated by nation building, most least-developed countries, including the socialist countries, adopted a comparative advantage defying strategy to accelerate the growth of capital-intensive, advanced sectors in their countries. In the paper we also statistically measure the evolution of government development strategies and the economic institutions in China from 1950s to 1980s to show the co-existence and coevolution of government adoption of comparative advantage defying strategy and the trinity system.
Clinical Presentation, Management, and Outcomes of Deep Vein Thrombosis Based on Doppler Ultrasonography Examination

We studied the frequency, clinical presentation, and outcomes of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Serial Doppler ultrasonography was performed between 2008 and 2013 for 6420 patients with suspected DVT. Diagnosis was confirmed in 662 (10.3%) participants (mean age: 50 ± 17 years; 51% females). Obesity, diabetes mellitus, and malignancy were reported in 47%, 28%, and 16%, respectively. Abnormal protein C, protein S, factor V Leiden, or antithrombin III were found in 9%, 7%, 3.8%, and 4%, respectively. Left, right, and both legs were involved in 55%, 37%, and 8%, respectively. Common femoral, popliteal, and posterior tibial veins were affected in 48.5%, 72%, and 71%, respectively. Postthrombotic syndrome, pulmonary embolism, and death were reported in 50%, 12.2%, and 15% of cases, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression analysis showed that gender had no impact on mortality during follow-up; however, age (>50 years) was associated with greater risk of death (hazard ratio: 6.54; 95% confidence interval: 3.2-13.3). These findings will improve our understanding of the various risk factors and help develop institutional guidelines for the management of patients with DVT.
CENTRAL AGENCIES AND THE COORDINATION PRINCIPLE

Abstract: Resource scarcity and social and economic complexity have prompted a growing focus by governments on coordination. New roles for central agencies in Australian State and Federal governments have emerged. An evaluation of these functions is undertaken, starting from the distinction drawn by Leon Peres between “principle” and “interest” as forces in the machinery of government. It is argued that this distinction has deficiencies for the purpose of determining central agency functions, and that the focus should be on procedural values or “rules of the game” that these agencies promote and defend. Added to the procedural values of efficiency, economy and propriety there is now a growing focus on the “coordination principle”. That principle, which central agencies should promote, concerns processes of conflict management in the policy process within the context of general purpose rather than sectorally fragmented policy-making. Policy coordination as an objective, associated with central planning and hierarchical control, is rejected in favour of this view of central agency involvement in a multi-organizational governmental setting. The role of cabinet is stressed, with the caveat that cabinet processes do not always entail coordination processes. In conclusion, there is a warning about the growing power of central agencies and concomitant temptations for them to interfere constantly in sectoral or departmental detail, possibly to the detriment of the coordination principle.
Business Angels - Who They Really Are?

Business angels invest a large amount of finance in seed, start-up and early stage enterprises. Business angels are very important for small and medium sized enterprises because they provide more than money. They are hands-on investors and contribute their skills, expertise, knowledge and contacts in the businesses they invest in. They are wealthy persons with great business experience. They are willing to invest and offer their wealth and knowledge to owners of small and medium sized enterprises and to entrepreneurs to start or develop their businesses.
Shifts in Arctic phenology in response to climate and anthropogenic factors as detected from multiple satellite time series

There is an urgent need to reduce the uncertainties in remotely sensed detection of phenological shifts of high latitude ecosystems in response to climate changes in past decades. In this study, vegetation phenology in western Arctic Russia (the Yamal Peninsula) was investigated by analyzing and comparing Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and SPOT-Vegetation (VGT) during the decade 2000–2010. The spatial patterns of key phenological parameters were highly heterogeneous along the latitudinal gradients based on multi-satellite data. There was earlier SOS (start of the growing season), later EOS (end of the growing season), longer LOS (length of the growing season), and greater MaxNDVI from north to south in the region. The results based on MODIS and VGT data showed similar trends in phenological changes from 2000 to 2010, while quite a different trend was found based on AVHRR data from 2000 to 2008. A significantly delayed EOS (p < 0.01), thus increasing the LOS, was found from AVHRR data, while no similar trends were detected from MODIS and VGT data. There were no obvious shifts in MaxNDVI during the last decade. MODIS and VGT data were considered to be preferred data for monitoring vegetation phenology in northern high latitudes. Temperature is still a key factor controlling spatial phenological gradients and variability, while anthropogenic factors (reindeer husbandry and resource exploitation) might explain the delayed SOS in southern Yamal. Continuous environmental damage could trigger a positive feedback to the delayed SOS.
Assessing Risk for the Onset of Functional Dependence Among Older Adults: The Role of Physical Performance

BACKGROUND: Approximately 10% of nondisabled, community‐dwelling adults aged 75 years and older lose independence in basic activities of daily living (ADLs) each year. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether simple tests of physical performance could identify older adults, independent in their basic ADLs, who were at increased risk for the onset of functional dependence.
Emerging economies' multinationals: General features and specificities of the Brazilian and Chinese cases

The expansion of South-North and South-South FDI reflects the rise of cross-border capital flows, a distinguishing feature of the contemporary global economy, together with the increasing size and complexity of emerging market multinational corporations (EMNCs). Against this background, in emerging economies governments have become increasingly aware of the role outward FDI (OFDI) can play as an instrument to deepen the integration into the world economy. This paper analyzes recent trends in OFDI from Brazil and China. Using annual data for the period 1980 to 2006 for both countries, we test the well-known investment development path (IDP) theory, according to which the net outward investment position of a country depends on its level of development. Results show that both China and Brazil are moving towards the third stage of the path, where domestic firms have acquired ownership and other advantages to go abroad and become leading outward investors. The role of governments, institutions and the characteristics of domestic firms in both countries are considered to be crucial factors in determining the movement along the path.
A Capital Assets Framework for Analysing Household Livelihood Strategies: Implications for Policy

Recent analyses of poverty and well-being have broadened their focus from money-metric measures of income and consumption to livelihood strategies, in order to enhance understanding of the causes of poverty, the processes of increased well-being or impoverishment, household responses to opportunities, shocks and stresses, and the outcomes of policy interventions. The aim of this article is to assess the policy implications of adopting a household livelihood strategies framework for understanding poverty and deprivation. It will identify typical policy recommendations which emerge from a conceptualisation of household strategies as managing portfolios of capital assets, and briefly review experience with a view to assessing whether this analytical approach provides a satisfactory basis for poverty reduction policy. The discussion explicitly considers the characteristics of the household strategies adopted by, and the effects of policy on, the rural and urban poor.
Inhibition of plasma IL-6 in addition to maintenance of an efficacious trough level of infliximab associated with clinical remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: analysis of the RISING Study

Many clinical studies have reported the excellent clinical efficacy of infliximab (IFX), an antitumour necrosis factor α (anti-TNFα) monoclonal antibody, in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 1 IFX is also reported to induce a rapid and marked reduction in circulating interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels, suggesting that its efficacy may result from the suppression of IL-6 as well as TNF.2,–,5 In the RISING Study (NCT00691028),6 7 we observed patients who showed no response to IFX therapy, despite maintaining a serum IFX level higher than the threshold level for clinical response. Here, we examined data on clinical response to better understand the mechanism of action of IFX. In this study, patients with methotrexate-refractory RA treated with 3 mg/kg of IFX at weeks 0, 2 and 6 were randomly assigned to receive 3, 6 or 10 mg/kg of IFX every 8 weeks from week 14 to 46 in combination …
Synthesis of some new Schiff bases of Pharmaceutical Interest

A series of Schiff bases of diphenylamine derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their antibacterial activity against pathogenic both Gram-positive bacteria B. subtilis and Gram-negative bacteria E. coli using ciprofl oxacin as standard drug at conc. of 50 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of IR and 1H-NMR spectral analysis. The compound (3d) displayed potent antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis (17 and 15mm) and Escherichia coli (19 and 17mm) by disc diffusion method. Research Article Synthesis of some new Schiff bases of Pharmaceutical Interest Ajay Kumar, Shweta Verma, Arun K Mishra and Sushil Kumar* Faculty of Pharmacy, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102(U.P), India *Address for Correspondence: Dr. Sushil Kumar, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102 (U.P.) India, Email: sushilmpharm@rediffmail. com; drsushiliftm@gmail.com Submitted: 17 August 2017 Approved: 25 September 2017 Published: 26 September 2017 Copyright: 2017 Kumar A, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.