Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Food, medicine or a poisonous plant: Arum maculatum L.

: Arum maculatum L. , which is known with various names such as cuckoo pint and sneakshead, is a perennial, deciduous woodland plant distributed in Europe, East Ukraine and Anatolia. The phytochemical studies revealed that the plant contains different groups of bioactive components, such as alkaloid, saponin, cyanogenic glycosides, terpenic compounds, proanthocyanidins, carotenoids, volatile amines, lectin, mucilage, gum and starch. Various traditional uses are recorded such as antihypertensive, antirheumatic, antihemorrhoidal, analgesic, antidiabetic as well as its use against burns and wounds, Fasciola hepatica , sore throat and cold. It is also consumed as vegetable in different cultures. In the Southeastern region of Turkey, a traditional soup called “tir ş ik soup” is prepared from the leaves of A. maculatum and used for the treatment of hemorrhoids, respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders and cancer. It is very crucial to apply a specific process for the preparation of the dish or medicinal remedy, since all parts of the fresh plant are known to be toxic. The toxic effect majorly rises from the oxalate crystals found in the content of the plant, along with some other components, such as cyanogenic glycosides, volatile amins, alkaloids etc. Although the bioactivity studies showed antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antiangiogenic and insecticidal activities as well as its protective activity against hemorrhoids; further research is needed on the bioactivity, cytotoxicity and phytochemistry of the plant in order to clarify the mechanisms of action and provide the safe use of the drug.
Fluid Flow with Thermophysical Property Variations in Long Rectangular Minichannels and Microchannels

† This article applies methods of statistical thermodynamics to analysis of fluid transport in minichannels and microchannels. The hydrodynamic equations are linearized and the governing equation of gas motion is reduced to the Stokes equation. The reduced mass flow through the microchannel is expressed in terms of the molecular mass, Boltzmann constant and rarefaction parameter. A key variable in estimating pressure differences within the microchannel is the apparent viscosity and thermal conductivity. In this regard, kinetic theory is applied with a Lenard–Jones potential to derive formulations of the microfluidic viscosity and thermal conductivity. The ChungLee-Starling model is applied to calculate viscosity and thermal conductivity. Numerical results are presented for property variations in fully developed flow through a long rectangular microchannel.
Topology design of structures subjected to periodic loading

Although a lot of attention in the topology optimization literature has focused on the optimization of eigenfrequencies in free vibration problems, relatively little work has been done on the optimization of structures subjected to periodic loading. In this paper, we propose two measures, one global and the other local, for the minimization of vibrations of structures subjected to periodic loading. The global measure which we term as the “dynamic compliance” reduces the vibrations in an overall sense, and thus has important implications from the viewpoint of reducing the noise radiated from a structure, while the local measure reduces the vibrations at a user-defined point. Both measures bring about a reduction in the vibration level by moving the natural frequencies which contribute most significantly to the measures, away from the driving frequencies, although, as expected, in different ways. Quite surprisingly, the structure of the dynamic compliance optimization problem turns out to be very similar to the structure of the static compliance optimization problem. The availability of analytical sensitivities results in an efficient algorithm for both measures. We show the effectiveness of the measures by presenting some numerical examples.
Potential of existing strategies to reduce net anthropogenic inputs of phosphorus to land in the United States

Improving phosphorus (P) management is important for both ecosystem protection and avoiding mineable P scarcity. In order to inform the development of impactful solutions to both of these issues, we assessed the potential of several specific management strategies to reduce demand for new mined P in fertilizers and supplements for livestock, thereby reducing net P inputs to land. The strategies assessed were variable rate fertilizer (VRF) application, improvements to P digestibility for livestock, efficient utilization of manure and wastewater treatment (WWT) P, and elimination of avoidable domestic food waste. The potential of these strategies to reduce net anthropogenic P inputs was assessed at the county level for the coterminous US using the commodity-specific net anthropogenic P and nitrogen inputs (CSNAPNI) model. The largest contributions toward eliminating NAPI in the US can come from efficient manure utilization either at national (30%–50% NAPI reduction) or county-level (21%–30% NAPI reduction). However, widespread adoption of VRF (10%–41% NAPI reduction), and all other strategies considered (5% or greater NAPI reductions each) could make significant contributions. In combinations of strategies that included VRF or P digestibility improvements, negative feedbacks occurred. VRF reduced demand for fertilizer, thereby reducing the potential for efficient manure and WWT P utilization at the county-level. P digestibility improvements in poultry and swine diets reduced the expected production of recoverable manure P by 36%, decreasing the total manure P that could be used to replace mined P fertilizer. However, P digestibility improvements also reduced county-level excess manure P by 25%. Prior studies have focused on quantifying P inputs or the potential of in-situ best management practices to reduce losses to water, but strategies to reduce P inputs are understudied.
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonism Attenuates Multiple Organ Failure after Renal Ischemia and Reperfusion in Mice

Renal ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) that is often complicated by multiple organ failure of the liver and intestine. The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is activated in patients with renal failure associated with glomerular and tubular damage. We thus investigated whether canrenoic acid (CA), a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist, protects against AKI-induced hepatic and intestinal injury, suggesting the underlying mechanisms. Mice were divided into five groups: sham mice, mice subjected to renal IR, and mice pretreated with canrenoic acid (CA; 1 or 10 mg/kg) 30 min prior to renal IR. At 24 h after renal IR, the levels of plasma creatinine, alanine aminotransferase and aldosterone were measured, and structural changes and inflammatory responses of the kidney, liver, and intestine were analyzed. We found that CA treatment reduced plasma creatinine levels, tubular cell death and oxidative stress induced by renal IR. CA treatment also decreased renal neutrophil infiltration and inflammatory cytokine expression and inhibited the release of high-mobility group box 1 induced by renal IR. Consistently, CA treatment reduced renal IR-induced plasma alanine transaminase, hepatocellular injury and neutrophil infiltration, and inflammatory cytokine expression. CA treatment also decreased small intestinal cell death, neutrophil infiltration and inflammatory cytokine expression induced by renal IR. Taken together, we conclude that MR antagonism by CA treatment protects against multiple organ failure in the liver and intestine after renal IR.
OPTIMAL STRUCTURAL DESIGN BY ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION

Abstract Ant colony optimization (ACO) is a relatively new heuristic combinatorial optimization algorithm in which the search process is a stochastic procedure that incorporates positive feedback of accumulated information. The positive feedback (;i.e., autocatalysis) facility is a feature of ACO which gives an emergent search procedure such that the (common) problem of algorithm termination at local optima may be avoided and search for a global optimum is possible. The ACO algorithm is motivated by analogy with natural phenomena, in particular, the ability of a colony of ants to ‘optimize’ their collective endeavours. In this paper the biological background for ACO is explained and its computational implementation is presented in a structural design context. The particular implementation of ACO makes use of a tabu search (TS) local improvement phase to give a computationally enhanced algorithm (ACOTS). In this paper ACOTS is applied to the optimal structural design, in terms of weight minimization, of a 25-bar space truss. The design variables are the cross-sectional areas of the bars, which take discrete values. Numerical investigation of the 25-bar space truss gave the best (i.e., lowest to-date) minimum weight value. This example provides evidence that ACOTS is a useful and technically viable optimization technique for discrete-variable optimal structural design.
Analysis of facial thermal variations in response to emotion: eliciting film clips

NVESD is currently researching relationships between facial thermal signatures and underlying physiological stress. This paper describes some of the initial findings of a study involving participants watching emotion-eliciting video clips while being monitored by a high-resolution, Mid-Wave InfraRed (MWIR), cooled sensor system. Both global and region-specific temperature profiles of the face were obtained for each participant from thermal videos recorded during the experiment. Changes in the global temperature patterns of each participant were shown to be consistent with changes in the visual and auditory stimuli. In some cases, there were inconsistencies in thermal trends among local facial regions of individual participants. This indicates the possibility that different regions may exhibit different thermal patterns in response to a stimulus.
Minimal-window time-frequency distributions

This paper outlines means of using special sets of orthonormally related windows to realize Cohen's class of time-frequency distributions (TFDs). This is accomplished by decomposing the kernel of the distribution in terms of the set of analysis windows to obtain short time Fourier transforms (STFTs). The STFTs obtained using these analysis windows are used to form spectrograms which are then linearly combined with proper weights to form the desired TFD. A set of orthogonal analysis windows which also have the scaling property proves to be very effective, requiring only 1 + log2(N - 1) distinct windows for an overall analysis of N + 1 points, where N equals 2n, with n a positive integer. Application of this theory offers very fast computation of TFDs, since very few analysis windows needed and fast, recursive STFT algorithms can be used. Additionally, it is shown that a minimal set of specially derived orthonormal windows can represent most TFDs, including Reduced Interference Distributions (RIDs) with only three distinct windows plus an impulse window. Finally, the Minimal Window RID (MW-RID) which achieves RID properties with only one distinct window and an impulse window is presented.
Numerical analysis and experimental validation of the free surface flow and heat transfer in electrical transformers moulding processes

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a numerical and mathematical model of a moulding process of a dry electrical transformer. Moreover, the calculated results are reported and compared with experimental measurements.Design/methodology/approach – An experimental rig, for carrying out and monitoring a moulding process, has been designed and built. Two experiments were preformed. First was an isothermal experiment in which an analog liquid was used. The second experiment was a non‐isothermal one in which an epoxy resin was used. For the rig geometry, the numerical mesh, with the use of the commercial code Gambit, was built. All necessary physical properties, including viscosity, surface tension and contact angle of fluids used in the experiments were measured.Findings – The Euler approach for modelling multiphase flow with a free surface is addressed in the presented work. Comparison of the computational results with measurements on the designed experimental rig revealed good agreement. Compari.
Virtual Practical Examination for Student Nurse Educators in Health Sciences Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review

(1) Background: There is a gap in the literature that explores challenges and opportunities relating to virtual or e-assessment health science education with particular relevance to the Health Sciences Education practical examination for student nurse educators. Therefore, this review aimed to address this gap and provide recommendations for enhancing identified opportunities and for overcoming identified challenges. ; (2) Methods: The review was conducted across Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Direct, Directory of Open Access Journals, Complementary Index, SCOPUS, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) with the intention of identifying opportunities and challenges presented by e-assessment in the HSE practical examination for student nurse educators during the COVID-19 pandemic. ; (3) Results: The following aspects are discussed: (1) opportunities, including benefits, for both student nurse educators and facilitators and opportunities for Nursing Education; and (2) challenges, including issues with accessibility and connectivity as well as the attitudes of both students and facilitators. ; (4) Conclusions: Despite challenges which included connectivity issues that led to frustration and stress, the unpreparedness and attitudes of students and facilitators, there are some opportunities that have emerged from e-assessment that can be beneficial to both the students and the facilitators, as well as the institutions. These include a reduced administrative burden, improved teaching and learning, and immediate feedback from facilitators to students and from students to facilitators.
Psychosocial functioning and associated socio-environmental factors of children with severe mental illness: findings from the tertiary mental health center in India

ABSTRACT The present Retrospective Chart Review aimed to study the psychosocial functioning, clinical and socio-environmental profile of children with severe mental illness (SMI). The correlation and parametric testing were performed to find the relationship and difference among the variables. A total of 69 individual case files were reviewed, and Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) was used to rate the current global level of functioning. Children were found to have moderate to severe level of psychosocial functional impairment. No statistically significant mean difference was found between the CGAS scores and socio-environmental and clinical variables. But positive and negative correlation was found between clinical variables and CGAS score.
A Performance-Enhanced Antenna for Microwave Biomedical Applications by Using Metasurfaces

In this article, we introduce a novel antenna employing specifically designed metasurfaces to improve the radiating performance in close proximity to the human body, as required in microwave biomedical applications. We first present design guidelines to realize a thin metasurface acting as an impedance matching layer between the radiating element and the biological tissue, based on the transmission line equivalent model. Additionally, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, we combine an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) as the backing element of the antenna, to improve the gain and reduce the undesired back radiation. To validate the proposed approach, we conceived a numerical test-case consisting of a bow-tie antenna operating close to a biological phantom at 2.56 GHz. Numerical simulations demonstrated the performance enhancement in terms of higher field penetration within tissues and better radiating behavior when the bow-tie antenna is working in the presence of both the metasurfaces. Furthermore, measurements carried out over fabricated prototypes confirmed the numerical results, validating the overall design procedure. The herein presented methodology can be helpful in several applications when the radiating elements operate in close proximity to biological tissues, as in medical imaging, on- body communication, mobile phones, and consumer devices.
Similarities and Differences in the Protein Composition of Cutaneous Melanoma Cells and Their Exosomes Identified by Mass Spectrometry

Simple Summary Proteins transferred by tumor-derived exosomes can contribute to cancer progression and/or constitute novel biomarkers of a given disease. Therefore, this study used shotgun nanoLC-MS/MS to obtain complete protein profiles of four cutaneous melanoma cell lines representing different stages of the disease and exosomes released by them. As a result, 3514 and 1234 unique proteins were identified in melanoma cells and exosomes, respectively. Specific alterations to the proteomic profiles associated with disease stages have also been reported, along with a conserved portion of their proteome that may be used by various tumor cells to promote their growth and dissemination. Such a description of the complex composition of cellular and exosomal protein and their related functions provides a deeper insight into the role of exosomes in melanoma progression. The obtained results also indicate some of the exosomal proteins that should be evaluated as potential biomarkers of circulating melanoma. Abstract Intercellular transport of proteins mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs)—exosomes and ectosomes—is one of the factors facilitating carcinogenesis. Therefore, the research on protein cargo of melanoma-derived EVs may provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in melanoma progression and contribute to the development of alternative biomarkers. Proteomic data on melanoma-derived EVs are very limited. The shotgun nanoLC-MS/MS approach was applied to analyze the protein composition of primary (WM115, WM793) and metastatic (WM266-4, WM1205Lu) cutaneous melanoma cells and exosomes released by them. All cells secreted homogeneous populations of exosomes that shared a characteristic set of proteins. In total, 3514 and 1234 unique proteins were identified in melanoma cells and exosomes, respectively. Gene ontology analysis showed enrichment in several cancer-related categories, including cell proliferation, migration, negative regulation of apoptosis, and angiogenesis. The obtained results broaden our knowledge on the role of selected proteins in exosome biology, as well as their functional role in the development and progression of cutaneous melanoma. The results may also inspire future studies on the clinical potential of exosomes.
Analysis of Furan and Its Derivatives in Food Matrices Using Solid Phase Extraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

The objective of this study was to develop a simultaneous analysis method of furan and its 10 derivatives in different food commodities. The results indicated that furan and its 10 derivatives could be separated within 9.5 min by using a HP-5MS column and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) with multiple reaction monitoring mode for detection. Furthermore, this method could resolve several furan isomers, such as 2-methyl furan and 3-methyl furan, as well as 2,3-dimethyl furan and 2,5-dimethyl furan. The most optimal extraction conditions were: 5 g of the fruit or juice sample mixed with 5 mL of the saturated NaCl solution, separately, or 1 g of the canned oily fish sample mixed with 9 mL of the saturated NaCl solution, followed by the equilibration of each sample at 35 °C for 15 min, using a carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane SPME arrow to adsorb the analytes for 15 min at 35 °C for subsequent analysis by GC-MS/MS. For method validation of all the analytes in the different food matrices, the recovery was 76–117% and the limit of the quantitation was 0.003–0.675 ng/g, while the relative standard deviation (RSD%) of the intra-day variability range from 1–16%, and that of the inter-day variability was from 4–20%. The method validation data further demonstrated that a reliable method was established for the analysis of furan and its 10 derivatives in commercial foods.
Suppercontinuum Generation in InP Nano Inner Cladding Fibers

The InP nano inner cladding fiber is fabricated by the method of modified chemical vapor deposition. The thickness of the InP nano thin film is about 16 nm. A 20 dB supercontinuum over 100 nm in the telecommunication band is generated by infecting 1550 nm, 120 fs, 50 MHz repetition rate optical pulse into this kind of fiber. Moreover, the results indicate that the width of the supercontinuum spectra can be influenced by the fiber length and pump power. The longer fiber at higher pump power can produce broader supercontinuum spectrum.
Modulation of surface flow and vortex shedding of a circular cylinder in the subcritical regime by a self-excited vibrating rod

The surface flow, pressure distributions, and vortex-shedding properties of the circular cylinder flow in the subcritical regime modulated by a self-excited vibrating rod were experimentally studied in a closed-circuit wind tunnel for Reynolds numbers between $2\,{\times}\,10^4$ and $1.8\,{\times}\,10^5$. The principle of galloping was employed to induce self-vibration of an elastic rod. The natural (uncontrolled) boundary layer showed significantly different flow patterns in two subranges of Reynolds number: $Re_D \,{<}\,0.55\,{\times}\,10^5$ and $Re_D \,{>}\, 0.55\,{\times}\,10^5$. In the low-Reynolds-number subrange, the laminar separation mode, which was similar to the result reported by previous investigators, was observed. While in the high-Reynolds-number subrange, the separation bubble mode, which was rarely discussed previously, was found. The term separation bubble mode was used to denote the existence of secondary recirculation bubbles induced by the reattachment of separated boundary layers. The surface flow modulated by the vibrating rod presented complex variations in these two subranges. Depending on the position of the control rod, the separation bubble mode or the turbulent separation mode might appear because of the increase of the turbulence kinetic energy. Modulating the surface flow patterns could significantly influence the surface pressure distributions on the main cylinder and the vortex shedding in the wake. Forcing the boundary layer at the positions upstream of the natural separation point would drastically lower the values of the minimum pressure coefficient and the base pressure coefficient, and therefore increase the lift. The drag coefficient, however, would not be apparently decreased. The frequency of the vortex shedding in the wake could ‘lock’ to the rod vibration frequency if the position of the vibrating rod was properly adjusted.
Micro‐ and nanomechanical structures for silicon carbide MEMS and NEMS

Silicon carbide (SiC) is recognized as the leading semiconductor for high power and high temperature electronics owing to its outstanding electrical properties combined with mature processing technologies for monolithic structures. SiC has long been known for its outstanding mechanical and chemical properties making it equally attractive for mechanical structures in micro‐ and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS). Recent advancements in bulk and surface micromachining have led to the development of SiC analogues to common Si‐based devices (i.e., resonators, pressure sensors). This paper presents an overview of MEMS and NEMS technologies that incorporate SiC as a key component in their mechanical structure, providing both a historical perspective as well as recent developments. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)