Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

Developmental age and symptom variations influence treatment needs for trauma- and stressor-related disorders (TSRD). TSRD include disorders found in children age 6 and under (reactive attachment disorder, disinhibited social engagement disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD] < 6) and those described for individuals who are older than age 6 (PTSD, PTSD with dissociative symptoms, acute stress disorder, adjustment reactions, and other specific TSRD, e.g., complicated grief). Treatments for children under age 6 primarily focus on caregiver–child dyads. Post-trauma symptoms such as those described for PTSD with dissociative symptoms, complicated grief, and complicated trauma require alterations in proven trauma-focused methods. In addition to appropriately timed processing of the trauma, treatments for youths are best when they are multifaceted (also include, for example, focus on support systems and relationships; self-skills, e.g., regulation, coping; and other age, symptom, and trait-related factors). For children, treatment methods often include creative methods as well (e.g., drawings, storytelling).
Regulation of Macrophage Polarization by RON Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling

The M1 and M2 states of macrophage polarization are the two extremes of a physiologic/phenotypic continuum that is dynamically influenced by environmental signals. The M1/M2 paradigm is an excellent framework to understand and appreciate some of the diverse functions that macrophages perform. Molecular analysis of mouse and human macrophages indicated that they gain M1 and M2-related functions after encountering specific ligands in the tissue environment. In this perspective, I discuss the function of recepteur d’origine nantais (RON) receptor tyrosine kinase in regulating the M2-like state of macrophage activation Besides decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine production in response to toll-like receptor-4 activation, macrophage-stimulating protein strongly suppresses nitric oxide synthase and at the same time upregulates arginase, which is the rate limiting enzyme in the ornithine biosynthesis pathway. Interestingly, RON signaling preserved some of the characteristics of the M1 state, while still promoting the hallmarks of M2 polarization. Therefore, therapeutic modulation of RON activity can shift the activation state of macrophages between acute and chronic inflammatory states.
Unexpected High Digestion Rate of Cooked Starch by the Ct-Maltase-Glucoamylase Small Intestine Mucosal α-Glucosidase Subunit

For starch digestion to glucose, two luminal α-amylases and four gut mucosal α-glucosidase subunits are employed. The aim of this research was to investigate, for the first time, direct digestion capability of individual mucosal α-glucosidases on cooked (gelatinized) starch. Gelatinized normal maize starch was digested with N- and C-terminal subunits of recombinant mammalian maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI) of varying amounts and digestion periods. Without the aid of α-amylase, Ct-MGAM demonstrated an unexpected rapid and high digestion degree near 80%, while other subunits showed 20 to 30% digestion. These findings suggest that Ct-MGAM assists α-amylase in digesting starch molecules and potentially may compensate for developmental or pathological amylase deficiencies.
Comparative study on the effects of surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, alone and in combination, on metastases of the 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma.

Summary The effectiveness of a methanol-soluble fraction of Mycobacterium butyricum (MSF-MB) as a nonspecific immunological adjuvant was tested as a therapeutic modality in various combinations of surgery and chemotherapy in two confirmatory studies using Fischer 344/CRBL female rats bearing the naturally metastasizing, syngeneic 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma. Animals given s.c. tumor grafts and left untreated developed large tumor masses and had a mean survival of 47.8 (S.D., ± 6.9) days. Excision of progressively growing tumors on Day 18 postimplantation prolonged survival to 65.5 ± 8 days, all animals dying from lung and organ metastases. Chemotherapy alone, i.e. , treatment of established tumors with the 17β-estradiol diester of p = [ N,N -bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenylacetic acid (NSC 112259) at 5 mg/kg/day p.o. for 28 days, induced marked oncolysis and produced 25% cures. Following a short period of remission in the remaining animals and despite continuing chemotherapy, there was regrowth of drug-resistant tumors with a prolongation of survival to 87.3 ± 10.5 days. A short, nonimmunosuppressive, but oncolytic course (10 days) of chemotherapy, either before or after surgery, averaged 75.5% cures against metastases. Chemotherapy that was prolonged for 28 days, whether initiated before or after surgery, was immunosuppressive and reduced cures against metastases to 61%. Surgery followed by a single i.p. injection of 10 mg MSF-MB induced 10 to 20% cures. A 10-day period of chemotherapy either before or after surgery, followed by immunotherapy, was most effective and produced 90 to 100% cures. It would appear that chemotherapy alone was most effective against metastases when administered in a short, nonimmunosuppressive regimen. Thus, when chemotherapy produced a degree of oncolysis and tumor resorption with minimal or no immunosuppression and the primary source of metastases was excised, the possibility of an effective sensitization to tumor antigens was increased and nonspecific stimulation of the immune responses by MSF-MB was able to induce host resistance to cope with the remaining, possibly drug-resistant metastases.
Gene expression in the mixotrophic prymnesiophyte, Prymnesium parvum, responds to prey availability

The mixotrophic prymnesiophyte, Prymnesium parvum, is a widely distributed alga with significant ecological importance. It produces toxins and can form ecosystem disruptive blooms that result in fish kills and changes in planktonic food web structure. However, the relationship between P. parvum and its prey on the molecular level is poorly understood. In this study, we used RNA-Seq technology to study changes in gene transcription of P. parvum in three treatments with different microbial populations available as potential prey: axenic P. parvum (no prey), bacterized P. paruvm, and axenic P. parvum with ciliates added as prey. Thousands of genes were differentially expressed among the three treatments. Most notably, transcriptome data indicated that P. parvum obtained organic carbon, including fatty acids, from both bacteria and ciliate prey for energy and cellular building blocks. The data also suggested that different prey provided P. parvum with macro- and micro-nutrients, namely organic nitrogen in the form of amino acids from ciliates, and iron from bacteria. However, both transcriptomic data and growth experiments indicated that P. parvum did not grow faster in the presence of prey despite the gains in nutrients, although algal abundances attained in culture were slightly greater in the presence of prey. The relationship between phototrophy, heterotrophy and growth of P. parvum is discussed.
A Framework for Temporal Resolution

The ability to identify and analyse temporal information is important for a variety of natural language applications, such as information extraction, question answering and multi-document summarisation. This paper discusses the automatic annotation of temporal information in newswire texts. The temporal tagger adheres to a framework initially designed for anaphora resolution and recently adapted for temporal resolution. It achieves an accuracy of 83.66% in identifying and labelling temporal expressions.
The Study of Multi-User Diversity Technology Over the MIMO-OFDM System

Recently, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has become a popular technique for transmission of signals over wireless channels. Also, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is one of the most promising technologies for assisting fading and improving link reliability without sacrificing bandwidth efficiency. The combination of OFDM and MIMO seems to be the key technology in next generation high-rate wireless mobile systems. First, this paper introduces the MIMO technology, point out that the combination of OFDM and MIMO seems to be very promising when aiming at the design of very high-rate wireless mobile systems. Secondly, describes the application of OFDM and outlines the block diagrams of an OFDM modulator and demodulator and a MIMO-OFDM system. Then, study several methods for combining the different diversity at the receiver, analyze the performances of diversity in OFDM-MIMO system with simulation results. Finally, achieves the conclusions.
A Parallel Document Engine Built on Top of a Cluster of Databases - Design, Implementation, and Experiences -

We report on the implementation and evaluation of a document engine that supports many parallel search and concurrent insertion requests efficiently and that is scalable to growing numbers of such requests. We use a cluster of commodity database systems in a shared nothing architecture. We deploy previous results on multi-level transactions and decompose a service request into short parallel database transactions. A coordinator, implemented as an extension of a transaction processing monitor, routes the short transactions to the appropriate database system in the cluster, depending on the data distribution that we have chosen. We have paid much attention to the design and implementation of the coordinator to avoid that it becomes a bottleneck. That means that we implemented auxiliary functionality such as term extraction as services and distribute them over the cluster. Extensive experiments show the following: (1) A relatively small number of components already suffices to cope with high workloads. (2) The coordinator of the database cluster has minimal impact on CPU resource consumption and on response times. E.g., the response time overhead of the coordinator is in the order of milliseconds while the response time for retrieval and insertions remains within seconds even with 100 parallel search or insertion streams. This is rather unexpected since the coordinator performs signature-based predicate locking and writes additional logging information. We conclude that a database cluster with a coordinator on top is a good scalable infrastructure for complex application services.
A new IEEE 802.11 DCF utilizing freezing experiences in backoff interval and its saturation throughput

IEEE 802.11 defines distributed coordination function (DCF), which is characterized by CSMA/CA and binary exponential backoff (BEB) algorithm. Most modifications on DCF so far have focused on updating of the contention window (CW) size depending on the outcome of own frame transmission without considering freezing periods experienced in the backoff interval. We propose two simple but novel schemes which effectively utilize the number of freezing periods sensed during the current backoff interval. The proposed schemes can be applied to DCF and its family, such as double increment double decrement (DIDD). Saturation throughput of the proposed schemes is analyzed by means of Bianchi's Markovian model. Computer simulation validates the accuracy of the analysis. Numerical results based on IEEE 802.11b show that up to about 20% improvement of saturation throughput can be achieved by combining the proposed scheme with conventional schemes when applied to the basic access procedure.
Acquiring optionality in french wh-questions: an experimental study

Cet article presente une etude experimentale sur l’acquisition des questions wh racines en francais, dont le mouvement wh est optionnel. 33 enfants et 22 adultes ont ete soumis a un test visant a eliciter 32 questions wh. Les resultats se resument comme suit : 1° Les enfants produisent un plus grand nombre de questions a wh in situ; 2° Ils ne produisent pas de questions wh a inversion du sujet, au contraire des adultes; 3° Le choix de la structure est lie au choix du mot wh, chez tous; 4° Les enfants se rendent compte des preferences des adultes, mais ils ne les imitent pas; 5° Ils acquierent les differentes structures une par une; 6° L’acquisition de regles de mouvement optionnelles reflete l’interaction de facteurs externes (l’input) et de facteurs internes (l’economie du systeme).
Using the Electroretinogram to Understand How Intraocular Pressure Elevation Affects the Rat Retina

Intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation is a key risk factor for glaucoma. Our understanding of the effect that IOP elevation has on the eye has been greatly enhanced by the application of the electroretinogram (ERG). In this paper, we describe how the ERG in the rodent eye is affected by changes in IOP magnitude, duration, and number of spikes. We consider how the variables of blood pressure and age can modify the effect of IOP elevation on the ERG. Finally, we contrast the effects that acute and chronic IOP elevation can have on the rodent ERG.
A Survey of Formalisms for Modular Ontologies

In this paper, we investigate state-of-the-art technologies in the area of modular ontologies and corresponding logical formalisms. We compare the strengths and weaknesses of different formalisms for modular ontologies in their ability to support networked, dynamic and distributed ontologies, as well as the reasoning capability over these ontologies. The comparison result shows limitations of existing formalisms to fully address the need of modular ontologies in the given setting, and possible future extensions to overcome those limitations.
Specification In Terms Of Interactional Properties As A Way To Optimize Semantic Representation Of Spatial Expressions

The results of the study demonstrate that numerous object-specific restrictions on the use of projective prepositions in English and Russian are predicted by their interactional (functional) semantic properties. Object-independent perceptual properties (such as distance between objects, direction of their motion, etc) that seemingly guide the use of the expressions, are also found to be presupposed by their interactional properties. Based on these findings, it is suggested that in addition to a basic geometrical specification, the semantic representation should contain functional information. A computational procedure of matching an expression with a spatial scene should thus include detection of the interactional properties of the scene. They can be determined through (1) retrieval of information about interactional properties of specific objects and (2) determining functionally relevant object-independent perceptual properties of the scene.
Text thematic fragmentation and identification

Given the exponential growth of online information, one of the primary difficulties facing users is the information overload. Huge amounts of these electronic information are mainly encapsulated in text documents. So, the researchers are striving to develop robust methods to provide users and managers with prominent solutions needed for text analysis. This allows maximizing profits by saving time and money devoted to manage the increasing amount of information. In this context and among others we find text segmentation and theme identification. In this paper and by resting on the existing well known approaches and advances in the text segmentation and theme identification fields, we propose new solutions to reach the objectives behind achieving these two techniques more accurately.
Correlation Model Risk and Non-Gaussian Factor Models

Correlation Model Risk and Non-Gaussian Factor Models Julio Antonio Hernandez Bellon Doctor of Philosophy Department of Mathematics University of Toronto 2018 Two problems are considered in this thesis. The first is concerned with correlation model risk and the second with non-Gaussian factor modelling of asset returns. A fundamental problem in the application of mathematical finance results in a real world setting, is the dependence of mathematical models on parameters that are hard to observe in markets. The common term for this problem is model risk. The first part of this thesis studies the sensitivity of mathematical objects (prices) to correlation inputs. In high dimensions, computational complexities increase faster than exponentially. A typical way to deal with this problem is to introduce a principal component approach for dimension reduction. We consider the price of portfolios of options and approximations obtained by modifying the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix, then proceed to find analytical upper bounds on the magnitude of the difference between the price and the approximation, under different assumptions. In the second part of this thesis, the assumptions and estimation methods of four different factor models with time-varying parameters are discussed. These models are based on Sharpe’s single index model. The first model assumes that residuals follow a Gaussian white noise process, while the other three approaches combine the structure of a single factor model with time-varying parameters, with dynamic volatility (GARCH) assumptions on the model components. The four approaches then are used to estimate the time-varying alphas and betas of three different hedge fund strategies. Results are compared.
LOS-based Conjugate Beamforming and Power-Scaling Law in Massive-MIMO Systems

This paper is concerned with massive-MIMO systems over Rician flat fading channels. In order to reduce the overhead to obtain full channel state information and to avoid the pilot contamination problem, by treating the scattered component as interference, we investigate a transmit and receive conjugate beamforming (BF) transmission scheme only based on the line-of-sight (LOS) component. Under Rank-1 model, we first consider a single-user system with N transmit and M receive antennas, and focus on the problem of power-scaling law when the transmit power is scaled down proportionally to 1/MN. It can be shown that as MN grows large, the scattered interference vanishes, and the ergodic achievable rate is higher than that of the corresponding BF scheme based fast fading and minimum mean-square error (MMSE) channel estimation. Then we further consider uplink and downlink single-cell scenarios where the base station (BS) has M antennas and each of K users has N antennas. When the transmit power for each user is scaled down proportionally to 1/MN, it can be shown for finite users that as M grows without bound, each user obtains finally the same rate performance as in the single-user case. Even when N grows without bound, however, there still remains inter-user LOS interference that can not be cancelled. Regarding infinite users, there exists such a power scaling law that when K and the b-th power of M go to infinity with a fixed and finite ratio for a given b in (0, 1), not only inter-user LOS interference but also fast fading effect can be cancelled, while fast fading effect can not be cancelled if b=1. Extension to multi-cells and frequency-selective channels are also discussed shortly. Moreover, numerical results indicate that spacial antenna correlation does not have serious influence on the rate performance, and the BS antennas may be allowed to be placed compactly when M is very large.
Comparative Genomics and Phylogenomics of Hemotrophic Mycoplasmas

Hemotrophic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) are a group of animal pathogens of the Mollicutes class. Recently, the genomes of 8 hemoplasmas have been completely sequenced. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of their genomic features and relationship to other Mycoplasma species. The genome structure and dynamics of hemoplasmas were analyzed by evaluating gene synteny, adaptive evolution of paralogous gene families (PGF) and horizontal gene transfer (HGT). The Mollicutes class was then phylogenetically analyzed by constructing a distance matrix of the 16S rRNA genes and a phylogenetic tree with 32 conserved, concatenated proteins. Our results suggest that the hemoplasmas have dynamic genomes. The genome size variation (from 547 to 1,545 genes) indicates substantial gene gain/loss throughout evolution. Poorly conserved gene syntenies among hemoplasmas, positional shuffling of paralogous genes between strains, HGT, and codons under positive selection in PGFs were also observed. When compared to other Mollicutes species, the hemoplasmas experienced further metabolic reduction, and the 16S rRNA gene distance matrix of the available mollicutes suggests that these organisms presently constitute the most divergent clade within its class. Our phylogenetic tree of concatenated proteins showed some differences when compared to the 16S rRNA gene tree, but non-mycoplasma organisms, such as Ureaplasma spp. and Mesoplasma spp. , continue to branch within Mycoplasma clades. In conclusion, while the hemoplasmas experienced further metabolic shrinkage through gene loss, PGFs with positively selected codons are likely beneficial to these species. Phylogeny of the mollicutes based on 16S rRNA genes or concatenated proteins do not obey the current taxonomy. The metabolism and genetic diversity of the mollicutes, the presence of HGT, and lack of standard for genus circumscription are likely to hinder attempts to classify these organisms based on phylogenetic analyses.
Path numbers analysis of relationships on software architecture testing criteria

Software architecture testing criteria help in defining test objectives or goals that are to be achieved while performing software architecture testing, and also be used to determine when testing should stop. In this paper a testing technique of software architecture models is described and the three testing criteria based on architecture interface connectivity graph (ICG) are proposed, and then generate testing coverage path of the ICG according to testing criteria and algorithms, we verify the testing technology in the TRMCS example and realize software architecture testing. Finally, the strict proof is given that the numbers of path generation between the three testing criteria, it provide a theoretical basis for applying the criteria.
Multiple genome rearrangements

Multiple alignment of macromolecular sequences, an important topic of algorithmic research for at least 25 years 113, lo], generalizes the compsrison of just two sequences which have diverged through the local processes of insertion, deletion and substitution. Recently there has been much interest in gene-order sequences which diverge through non-local genome rearrangement processes such as inversion (or reversal) and transposition (reviewed in [15] ch.7, [9], [S] ch. 19 and 131). What would be the analog of multiple alignment under these models of divergence? In this introduction we tit review some formulations of multiple alignment and show which have counterparts in multiple rearrangement. We then discuss the difiiculties inherent in edit-distance formulations of multiple rearrangement, referring to relevant work, and argue for a potentially simpler approach based on “breakpoint analysis”.