Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Christianity and the Shona

PREFACE V I. INTRODUCTION I 2. BUDJGA SOCIETY 15 3. BUDJGA TRADITIONAL RELIGION 30 4. BUDJGA PROTESTANTISM (METHODISM) 60 5. BUDJGA CATHOLICISM 80 6. THE BUDJGA VAPOSTORI 92 7. RELIGION IN A BUDJGA COMMUNITY III 8. RELIGION IN BUDJGA SOCIETY 129 9. CONCLUSION 152 APPENDIX: TABLES 1-13 172 LIST OF WORKS CITED 191 INDEX 195
Contrasting Influence of NADPH and a NADPH-Regenerating System on the Metabolism of Carbonyl-Containing Compounds in Hepatic Microsomes

Carbonyl containing xenobiotics may be susceptible to NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 (P450) and carbonyl-reduction reactions. In vitro hepatic microsome assays are routinely supplied NADPH either by direct addition of NADPH or via an NADPH-regenerating system (NRS). In contrast to oxidative P450 transformations, which occur on the periphery of a microsome vesicle, intraluminal carbonyl reduction depends on transport of cofactors across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane into the lumen. Glucose 6-phosphate, a natural cofactor and component of the NRS matrix, is readily transported across the ER membrane and facilitates intraluminal NADPH production, whereas direct addition of NADPH has limited access to the lumen. In this study, we compared the effects of direct addition of NADPH and use of an NRS on the P450-mediated transformation of propiconazole and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD1) carbonyl reduction of cortisone and the xenobiotic triadimefon in hepatic microsomes. Our results demonstrate that the use of NADPH rather than NRS can underestimate the kinetic rates of intraluminal carbonyl reduction, whereas P450-mediated transformations were unaffected. Therefore, in vitro depletion rates measured for a carbonyl-containing xenobiotic susceptible to both intraluminal carbonyl reduction and P450 processes may not be properly assessed with direct addition of NADPH. In addition, we used in silico predictions as follows: 1) to show that 11β-HSD1 carbonyl reduction was energetically more favorable than oxidative P450 transformation; and 2) to calculate chemical binding score and the distance between the carbonyl group and the hydride to be transferred by NADPH to identify other 11β-HSD1 substrates for which reaction kinetics may be underestimated by direct addition of NADPH.
Prevalence of Heart Disease Demonstrated in 60 Years of the Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

Considering the historical and academic relevance of the Brazilian Archives of Cardiology (ABC), as its MEDLINE indexing began in 1950, it was assumed as a hypothesis that the analysis of the publications over the last 60 years could reflect the changing trends of heart disease in Brazil. The study data were collected using a program developed for this purpose, allowing the automatic extraction of information from the MEDLINE database. The study information were collected by searching "Brazilian Archives of Cardiology AND selected parameter in English". Four observational groups were determined: (1) major groups of heart diseases (coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease and cardiomyopathies); (2) relevant diseases in clinical practice (cardiac arrhythmias, cor pulmonale, myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure); (3) cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis); and (4) group determined due to the growing trend of publications on congestive heart failure seen in previous groups (congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, rheumatic heart disease and Chagasic heart disease) All publications within the established groups were described, highlighting the increasing importance of heart failure and diabetes as risk factors. A relatively easy search was carried out, using the computer program developed for literature search covering six decades. Emphasizing the limitations of the study, we suggest the existence of an epidemiological link between cardiac diseases that are prevalent in Brazil and the publications of the Brazilian Archives of Cardiology.
How accurately can we model timing in a placement engine?

This paper presents a novel placement algorithm for timing optimization based on a new and powerful concept, which we term differential timing analysis. Recognizing that accurate optimization requires timing information from a signoff static timing analyzer, we propose an incremental placement algorithm that uses timing information from a signoff static timing engine. We propose a set of differential timing analysis equations that accurately capture the effect of placement perturbations on changes in timing from the signoff timer. We have formulated an incremental placement optimization problem based on differential timing analysis as a single linear programming (LP) problem which is solved to generate the new timing-optimized placement. Our experiments show that the worst negative slack (WNS) improves by an average of 30% and the total negative slack (TNS) improves by 33% on average for a set of circuits from a 3.0 GHz microprocessor that were already synthesized and placed by a leading industrial physical synthesis tool. We also show that multiple iterations of our engine give further TNS improvements - an average improvement of 51%, which implies that our placer will significantly speed up timing convergence.
Lunar cycles and human aggression: A replication

The present investigation provided for tests of a lunar-aggression hypothesis using the aggressive penalties awarded in ice hockey over a season of competition. Interpersonal aggression was found to be unrelated to either the synodic or anomalistic cycles, a result consistent with recent reviews of lunar research. Discussion centered on the persistence of lunar beliefs and their links to the literature on selective exposure and interpersonal expectations.
Computer-based Tutoring of Medical Procedural Knowledge 1

There are a lot of examples of efficient intelligent tutoring systems for teaching procedural knowledge (ability to solve practical problems) in the formal fields such as geometry, algebra, and programming. However, there are considerable difficulties encountered in developing the systems aimed at giving procedural knowledge in a number of important, albeit imprecisely defined, fields as, for example, medical diagnosis. In this paper, we consider a new approach to the development of intelligent tutoring systems for the problems in diagnosis; the use of this approach makes it possible to lay the groundwork for experience in statement of diagnosis close in accuracy to the expert's diagnosis.
Neonatal abstinence syndrome, pharmacotherapy and developmental outcome.

The majority of infants born to drug-dependent women undergo neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and often require pharmacotherapy for the treatment of withdrawal symptoms. Phenobarbital, paregoric, and diazepam have been recommended for the treatment of the syndrome. While some investigators have examined the efficacy of these agents in treating NAS, there are no data regarding the use of specific pharmacologic agents and developmental outcome. This study evaluated 85 infants born to drug-dependent women who were maintained on methadone during pregnancy. Severity of infant withdrawal was assessed with the neonatal abstinence scoring system. Infants who required pharmacotherapy were randomly assigned to one of four treatment regimens: paragoric, phenobarbital (titration), phenobarbital (loading), and diazepam. When treatment was not successful with the assigned agent, one of the other agent(s) was used. At 6 months of age, the developmental status of infants was assessed with the Bayley Scales of Mental Development. Based on NAS treatment, four groups were defined: paregoric (n = 21); phenobarbital (n = 17); more than one agent (n = 31); and no treatment (n = 16). Data for the phenobarbital loading and titration groups were combined since analysis revealed no differences between groups. All infants who initially received diazepam were included in group III since diazepam as a single agent was not successful. Results of one way analysis of variance revealed no differences in developmental status between groups (p greater than 0.10, F = 0.25). Scores for all groups were well within the normal range of development. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Retroviral Delivery of Connexin Genes to Human Breast Tumor Cells Inhibits in Vivo Tumor Growth by a Mechanism That Is Independent of Significant Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication*

The mechanism by which gap junction proteins, connexins, act as potent tumor suppressors remains poorly understood. In this study human breast tumor cells were found to exhibit diverse gap junction phenotypes including (a) undetectable Cx43 and no intercellular communication (HBL100); (b) low levels of Cx43 and sparse intercellular communication (MDA-MB-231); and (c) significant levels of Cx43 and moderate intercellular communication (Hs578T). Although retroviral delivery of Cx43 and Cx26 cDNAs to MDA-MB-231 cells did not achieve an expected substantial rescue of intercellular communication, overexpression of connexin genes did result in a dramatic suppression of tumor growth when connexin-expressing MDA-MB-231 cells were implanted into the mammary fat pad of nude mice. Subsequent immunolocalization studies on xenograph sections revealed only cytoplasmic stores of Cx43 and no detectable gap junctions. Moreover, DNA array and Western blot analysis demonstrated that overexpression of Cx43 or Cx26 in MDA-MB-231 cells down-regulated fibroblast growth factor receptor-3. Surprisingly, these results suggest that Cx43 and Cx26 induce their tumor-suppressing properties by a mechanism that is independent of significant gap junctional intercellular communication and possibly through the down-regulation of key genes involved in tumor growth. Moreover, our studies show that retroviruses are effective vehicles for delivering connexins to human breast tumor cells, facilitating potential gene therapy applications.
Reframing literacy: Teaching and learning in English and the language arts

Richard Andrews’ ambition, in Reframing Literacy, is to strengthen the theoretical foundation for English as a school subject. This is particularly necessary, he suggests, at a time when electronic communication and multimodality offer new opportunities and challenges. The book has been a long time in the making – part of the first chapter was given as a lecture in 1996 – and represents the result of a long process of collaborative thinking with colleagues in the Institute of Education, New York University, and elsewhere. The argument of the book resembles that of New Literacy Studies theorists and practitioners, but it ‘reframes’ the idea of literacy within an aesthetically inflected concept of contemporary rhetoric.
Evolutionary explanations need to account for cultural variation

Cultural variability in self-enhancement is far more pronounced than the authors suggest; the sum of the evidence does not show that East Asians self-enhance in different domains from Westerners. Incorporating this cultural variation suggests a different way of understanding the adaptiveness of self-enhancement: It is adaptive in contexts where positive self-feelings and confidence are valued over relationship harmony, but is maladaptive in contexts where relationship harmony is prioritized.
Reading Curriculum for Gifted Readers: A Survey

were nearly forgotten, educators are today exhibiting renewed interest in meeting the needs of this special group of students. Great attention has been directed towards such factors as models of gifted education, identification and organizational procedures, suggestions for program components, and specific classroom activities. The result is that today gifted education programs are flourishing in numerous school systems throughout the country. One is faced with the questions so aptly stated by Renzulli:
Statistical Machine Translation through Global Lexical Selection and Sentence Reconstruction

Machine translation of a source language sentence involves selecting appropriate target language words and ordering the selected words to form a well-formed target language sentence. Most of the previous work on statistical machine translation relies on (local) associations of target words/phrases with source words/phrases for lexical selection. In contrast, in this paper, we present a novel approach to lexical selection where the target words are associated with the entire source sentence (global) without the need to compute local associations. Further, we present a technique for reconstructing the target language sentence from the selected words. We compare the results of this approach against those obtained from a finite-state based statistical machine translation system which relies on local lexical associations.
Visual–Tactual Incongruities in Products as Sources of Surprise

The perception of a product through vision creates expectations of what will be perceived through touch. However, the tactual information perceived may disconfirm the expectations formed, resulting in a surprise reaction. In two experiments, participants' reactions to products with visual—tactual incongruities were studied. Participants were 100 students enrolled in the Industrial Design Engineering department at the authors' university. Our main aim was to investigate differences in reactions to two groups of products (“Visible Novelty” and “Hidden Novelty”) that are hypothesized to evoke two different surprise reactions. A group of control products without visual—tactual incongruities was also tested. Furthermore, different measures of surprise, such as self-reports of the intensity of the surprise, observational measures of exploratory behavior, vocal expressions, and facial expressions were explored. Clear differences were found in participants' reactions toward products in the control group versus products with visual—tactual incongruities. Reactions toward products in the two groups of surprising products differed only slightly.
Exploring Emotive Actuation and its role in human-robot interaction

In this paper, we present our research efforts in exploring the role of motion and actuation in human-robot interaction. We define Emotive Actuation, and briefly discuss its function and importance in social robotic interaction. We propose a suggested methodology for exploring Emotive Actuation in HRI, and present a robotic testbed we designed for this purpose. We conclude with informal results of a preliminary design critique we performed using our testbed.
Tethering KSRP, a Decay-Promoting AU-Rich Element-Binding Protein, to mRNAs Elicits mRNA Decay

ABSTRACT Inherently unstable mRNAs contain AU-rich elements (AREs) in their 3′ untranslated regions that act as mRNA stability determinants by interacting with ARE-binding proteins (ARE-BPs). We have destabilized two mRNAs by fusing sequence-specific RNA-binding proteins to KSRP, a decay-promoting ARE-BP, in a tethering assay. These results support a model that KSRP recruits mRNA decay machinery/factors to elicit decay. The ability of tethered KSRP to elicit mRNA decay depends on functions of known mRNA decay enzymes. By targeting the Rev response element of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by using Rev-KSRP fusion protein, we degraded viral mRNA, resulting in a dramatic reduction of viral replication. These results provide a foundation for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to inhibit specific gene expression in patients with acquired or hereditary diseases.
Current applications of oogram methodology in experimental schistosomiasis; fecundity of female Schistosoma mansoni and egg release in the intestine of AKR/J mice following immunomodulatory treatment with pentoxifylline

Abstract Oogram methodology permitted a direct assessment of the fecundity of Schistosoma mansoni and the passage of parasite eggs from mesenteric vessels into the intestinal lumen in AKR/J mice that had been infected via the intraperitoneal route with 60 cercariae of the trematode and later subjected to short-term subcutaneous treatments with pentoxifylline (PTX). The administration of PTX did not change oviposition kinetics, the individual fecundity of female parasites (as determined by the study of the ratio of second-stage S. mansoni eggs per g intestine/number of female parasites recovered from the portal system), nor the number of mature and dead eggs retained in the host tissue, though the drug has known immunomodulatory effects, as shown previously in experimental schistosomiasis. A better appraisal was also carried out, including the study of statistical parameters, concerning the utilization of the ratios of each stage of immature eggs (first to fourth) per g intestine/number of female worms from the portal system. The second-stage eggs had the lowest variability, confirming that the utilization of this stage as an indicator of the individual fecundity of parasite females is indeed viable. In the light of our findings, current uses of oogram methodology are discussed. Moreover, additional consideration is given to data obtained in the present study concerning intraperitoneal infection with S. mansoni cercariae in both untreated and treated mice of the AKR/J strain, such as the recovery of mature worms, eggs and free granulomas from the peritoneal cavity of these rodents.
The Optimized Sparse Kernel Interface (OSKI) Library User's Guide for Version 1.0.1h

OSKI is based on research supported in part by the National Science Foundation under NSF Cooperative Agreement No. ACI-9813362, NSF Cooperative Agreement No. ACI9619020, the Department of Energy under DOE Grant No. DE-FC02-01ER25478, and gifts from HP and Intel. This research used resources of the Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by DOE under Contract No. DEAC05-00OR22725, the High Performance Computing Research Facility, Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the University of Electro-Communications in Tokyo, Japan, the Dept. of Biomedical Informatics at Ohio State University, and the OpenPower Project at the University of Augsburg, Germany. The information presented here does not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the Government and no official endorsement should be inferred.
Calculating Time-to-Contact Using Real-Time Quantized Optical Flow

Despite many recent advances in optical ow research, many robotic vision researchers are frustrated by an inability to obtain reliable optical ow estimates in real-world conditions to apply for real-world tasks. Recently it has been demonstrated that robust, real-time optical ow is possible using only standard computing hardware [C93]. One limitation of this correlation-based algorithm is that it does not give truly real-valued image velocity measurements. Therefore, it is not obvious that it can be used for a wide range of robotics vision tasks. One particular application for optical ow is time-to-contact: based on the equations for the expansion of the optical ow eld it is possible to compute the number of frames remaining before contact with an observed object. Although the individual motion measurements of this algorithm are of limited precision, they can be combined in such a manner as to produce remarkably accurate time-to-contact measurements, which can be produced at real-time rates, on the order of 6 frames a second on an 50 MHz Sun Sparcstation 20. Most of the work presented in this techreport was done during the graduate studies of Ted Camus at Brown University under the supervision of Heinrich B ultho and Tom Dean. The work was supported in part by a National Science Foundation Presidential Young Investigator Award IRI-8957601 to Tom Dean, by the Air Force and the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense under Contract No. F30602-91-C-0041, and by the National Science foundation in conjunction with the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense under Contract No. IRI-8905436. Ted Camus' study at the Max-Planck-Institut f ur biologische Kybernetik at T ubingen during the summer of 1994 was supported by a grant from the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst. Ted Camus' present address is: NIST, Intelligent Systems Division, MET220 B-124, USA. email:
Two-Phase Support Vector Clustering for Multi-Relational Data Mining

This paper proposes a novel Self-Adaptive Two-Phase Support Vector Clustering algorithm (STPSVC) to cluster multi-relational data. The algorithm produces an appreciate description of cluster contours and then extracts cluster centers information by iteratively performing classification procedure. An adaptive Kernel function is designed to find a desired width parameter for diverse dispersions. Experimental results indicate that the designed Kernel can capture multi-relational features well and STPSVC is of fine performance.
Possible mechanism of increasing resistance of the myocardium during combination of post infarction remodeling and diabetes mellitus

It was shown that the energy metabolism of the heart mitochondria of experimental animals and patients is more resistant to damage at combined postinfarction cardiosclerosis and diabetes in comparison with the individual pathology. We found that the changes of free fatty acid content and conjugation of the processes of oxidation and phosphorylation in heart mitochondria are components of the metabolic stability of myocardium at the combined development of postinfarction cardiosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. Our data demonstrate a direct link between the violations of the processes of oxidative phosphorylation and accumulation of free fatty acids owing to change in activity of endogenous phospholipases, in particularly, mi- tochondrial phospholipase A2. Similar results were obtained for intraoperative biopsy specimens of patients’ hearts, and of adult Wistar rats’ hearts. We hypothesized that the preservation of energy metabolism is a manifestation of summing up of compensatory processes at de- velopment of nonspecific response of cells to damage at the early stages of pathological pro- cess.
A precise four-quadrant multiplier with subnanosecond response

Reprinted from the IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 3, No. 4 (1968), pp. 365-373. Among the most signficant presentations in the 50-year history of the ISSCC, Barrie Gilbert's classic paper has become the fifth most frequently cited JSSC article and the first to be cited over 100 times. His brilliant insight was in recognizing that the dependability of a bipolar transistor's nonlinearity can be exploited to realize exceptionally linear systems.
A Better Bound for Locally Thin Set Families

A family of subsets of an n-set is 4-locally thin if for every quadruple of its members the ground set has at least one element contained in exactly 1 of them. We show that such a family has at most 20.4561n members. This improves on our previous results with Noga Alon. The new proof is based on a more careful analysis of the self-similarity of the graph associated with such set families by the graph entropy bounding technique.