Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A method to construct self set for IDS based on negative selection algorithm

This paper presents a method of constructing the self set of the intrusion detection system which based on the immune algorithm. It combined the niche technology into the clonal selection algorithm to construct the self set. Keep the diversity of the data of the self set. Comparing with the traditional methods which use a priori knowledge and random selection, the new method can reflect more characteristics of the normal network data.
Changing Governance Patterns in the Trade in Fresh Vegetables between Africa and the United Kingdom

Over the past twenty years the marketing of African fresh vegetables in the United Kingdom has become dominated by large retailers that have adopted competitive strategies based on quality, year-round supply, and product differentiation. This has led to a dramatic change in marketing channels, from wholesale markets to tightly knit supply chains. Global value chain analysis is used to explain why the various stages of production and marketing have become much more closely integrated and to consider the likely outcome of a further round of restructuring occurring at the present time. Although the current trends may lead to a changing role for importers, the tendency towards the concentration of production and processing in Africa in the hands of a few large firms is likely to continue.
Room temperature operation of epitaxially grown Si/Si0.5Ge0.5/Si resonant interband tunneling diodes

Resonant interband tunneling diodes on silicon substrates are demonstrated using a Si/Si0.5Ge0. 5/Si heterostructure grown by low temperature molecular beam epitaxy which utilized both a central intrinsic spacer and δ-doped injectors. A low substrate temperature of 370 °C was used during growth to ensure a high level of dopant incorporation. A B δ-doping spike lowered the barrier for holes to populate the quantum well at the valence band discontinuity, and an Sb δ-doping reduces the doping requirement of the n-type bulk Si by producing a deep n+ well. Samples studied from the as-grown wafers showed no evidence of negative differential resistance (NDR). The effect of postgrowth rapid thermal annealing temperature was studied on tunnel diode properties. Samples which underwent heat treatment at 700 and 800 °C for 1 min, in contrast, exhibited NDR behavior. The peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR) and peak current density of the tunnel diodes were found to depend strongly on δ-doping placement and on the annea.
A hierarchical caching game for message relaying in delay tolerant networks

The mobile nodes in delay tolerant networks communicate with each other using a store-carry and forward mechanism even though there is no permanent link between the source and the destination. This mechanism requires cooperation between nodes. However, because of limited resources such as storage and energy, most of the nodes act in a non-cooperative way. In this paper, an incentive mechanism is proposed to encourage messages caching in DTNs. The source offers a reward to the relays to incite them to participate in delivering the message to the destination. We model the interaction between the source and the relays as a Stackelberg game in which the source takes the role of the leader and the relays respond based on the leader's move. Also, two different learning algorithms are presented: one for the leader, the other for the followers, to allow them to take the best decision and finally, to converge to the Stackelberg Equilibrium.
Flaring and warping of the Milky Way disk: not only in the gas

This paper presents an investigation of the outer disk structure by using data from a recent release of the 2 micron sky survey (2MASS). This 2MASS data show unambiguously that the stellar disk thickens with increasing distance from the Sun. In one of the field (longitude l$=$240) there is also strong evidence of an assymetry associated with the Galactic warp. This flaring and warping of the stellar disk is very similar to the features observed in the HI disk. The thickening of the stellar disk explains the drop in density observed near the Galactic plane: stars located at lower Galactic latitudes are re-distributed to higher latitudes. It is no longer necessary to introduce a disk cut-off to explain the drop in density. It is also not clear how this flaring disk is distinct from the thick disk in the outer disk region. At least, for lines of sight in the direction of the outer disk, the thickening of the disk is sufficient to account for the excess in star counts attributed by some models to the thick disk.
Načrtovanje Umetne Linije Za Standardni Sukani Par Design of a Twisted-pair Line Simulator

Povzetek. Delo obravnava na črtovanje umetne linije za simulacijo sukanega para, ki je še vedno najbolj razširjen komunikacijski medij na ravni lokalne zanke v slove nskem in tudi evropskem prostoru. Predstavljena je nalitična pot načrtovanja in sinteze umetne linije za testiranje kom unikacijskih naprav. Izhodiš če je določeno s tehni čnimi in ekonomskimi zahtevami, ki pomenijo robne pogoje za re lizacijo. Na podlagi standardov je zasnovana osn ovna topologija vezja, ki upošteva privzete specifikacij e. Za simetri čni vodnik je narejena analiza impedance in frekvenčnega odziva. Izra čuni in poteki se nanašajo na konkretne podatke o ma terialih, ki se uporabljajo v telekomunikacijskih omrežjih. Za izbrano topologijo s izračunani koncentrirani elementi in predlagana ustrezna realizacija. Vseskozi je vodilna zahteva, da mora b iti vezje kompatibilno z mikroprocesorskim sistemom in mora omogočati neposredno procesorsko vodenje testiranja napra v in nadzor nad delovanjem umetne linije. Na izdelani liniji so bile opravljene meritve, ki s o pokazale odstopanja med uporabljenim teoreti čnim modelom in praktično realizacijo umetne linije. Raziskana in pojasnjen a so bila odstopanja in mehanizmi, ki ustvarjajo ra zliko med teoreti čnim modelom in prakti čno realizacijo. Ob koncu prispevka so podane tudi s mernice za izboljšavo modela.
Energy Efficient Multimedia Streaming to Mobile Devices — A Survey

Energy conservation in battery powered mobile devices that perform wireless multimedia streaming has been a significant research problem since last decade. This is because these mobile devices consume a lot of power while receiving, decoding and ultimately, presenting the multimedia content. What makes things worse is the fact that battery technologies have not evolved enough to keep up with the rapid advancement of mobile devices. This survey examines solutions that have been proposed during the last few years, to improve the energy efficiency of wireless multimedia streaming in mobile hand-held devices. We categorize the research work according to different layers of the Internet protocol stack they utilize. Then, we again regroup these studies based on different traffic scheduling and multimedia content adaptation mechanisms. The traffic scheduling category contains those solutions that optimize the wireless receiving energy without changing the actual multimedia content. The second category on the other hand, specifically modifies the content, in order to reduce the energy consumed by the wireless receiver and to decode and view the content. We compare them and provide evidence of the fact that some of these tactics already exist in modern smaprtphones and provide energy savings with real measurements. In addition, we discuss some relevant literature on the complementary problem of energy-aware multimedia delivery from mobile devices and contrast with our target approaches for multimedia transmission to mobile devices.
Digital beamforming in SAR systems

The rapid progression in digital hardware and signal processing capabilities stimulates the development of radar systems. The tendency is to move the digital interface toward the antenna, replacing, whenever possible, analog RF-hardware. Based on software codes, these digital systems are more flexible and easier to reconfigure than RF-hardware. This letter illustrates the general concept for digital beamforming (DBF) in synthetic aperture radar systems and investigates their principle capabilities, limitations, and performance parameters. It is shown that using DBF a simultaneous improvement in azimuth coverage and resolution can be achieved.
Control of Human Endometrial Stromal Cell Motility by PDGF-BB, HB-EGF and Trophoblast-Secreted Factors

Human implantation involves extensive tissue remodeling at the fetal-maternal interface. It is becoming increasingly evident that not only trophoblast, but also decidualizing endometrial stromal cells are inherently motile and invasive, and likely contribute to the highly dynamic processes at the implantation site. The present study was undertaken to further characterize the mechanisms involved in the regulation of endometrial stromal cell motility and to identify trophoblast-derived factors that modulate migration. Among local growth factors known to be present at the time of implantation, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) triggered chemotaxis (directed locomotion), whereas platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB elicited both chemotaxis and chemokinesis (non-directed locomotion) of endometrial stromal cells. Supernatants of the trophoblast cell line AC-1M88 and of first trimester villous explant cultures stimulated chemotaxis but not chemokinesis. Proteome profiling for cytokines and angiogenesis factors revealed neither PDGF-BB nor HB-EGF in conditioned media from trophoblast cells or villous explants, while placental growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and PDGF-AA were identified as prominent secretory products. Among these, only PDGF-AA triggered endometrial stromal cell chemotaxis. Neutralization of PDGF-AA in trophoblast conditioned media, however, did not diminish chemoattractant activity, suggesting the presence of additional trophoblast-derived chemotactic factors. Pathway inhibitor studies revealed ERK1/2, PI3 kinase/Akt and p38 signaling as relevant for chemotactic motility, whereas chemokinesis depended primarily on PI3 kinase/Akt activation. Both chemotaxis and chemokinesis were stimulated upon inhibition of Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase. The chemotactic response to trophoblast secretions was not blunted by inhibition of isolated signaling cascades, indicating activation of overlapping pathways in trophoblast-endometrial communication. In conclusion, trophoblast signals attract endometrial stromal cells, while PDGF-BB and HB-EGF, although not identified as trophoblast-derived, are local growth factors that may serve to fine-tune directed and non-directed migration at the implantation site.
Improving Resistance against Attack of L2DCASKE Encryption Algorithm by using RCA Rule 30 based S-Box

The proposed method L2D-CASKE, the lightweight 2dimensional (2-D) Cellular Automata (CA) based symmetric key encryption algorithm is a 128 bit length that allows a key length of 128 bits. It is designed as a lightweight encryption algorithm. As it is light weight, it can be easily applied on small devices such as wireless sensor motes, smart cards and other PDAs. An encryption algorithm having simple loop operations, based on iterative parameters is used in this work. A number of sequences and operations are used for this purpose. In this paper, an CA based S-Box is proposed for the L2DCASKE algorithm and the modified algorithm was verified using MATLAB 7.7 (R2008). To achieve this, the algorithm uses loop design based on iterations. Then the algorithm with the S-Box is tested for its strength compared to the conventional algorithm.
Large area patterning of single magnetic domains with assistance of ion irradiation in ion milling

This study demonstrates a pronounced ion irradiation effect in ion milling of magnetic thin films. In fabrication of bit-patterned media, the ion irradiation could facilitate bit island isolation before complete removal of magnetic materials by ion milling. Combined with block copolymer lithography, sub-20 nm CoPt dots with uniaxial perpendicular anisotropy, resembling Stoner–Wohlfarth-like single domains, were achieved. X-ray diffraction demonstrates that the degradation of the magnetic film by ion irradiation is related to crystal structure damage.
CONSTRUCTING MINIMUM CONNECTED DOMINATING SET IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS

One of the most important challenges of a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is to ensure efficient routing among its nodes. A Connected Dominating Set (CDS) is a widely used concept by many protocols for broadcasting and routing in MANETs. Those existing protocols require significant message overhead in construction of CDS. In this paper, we propose a simple, inexpensive and novel algorithm of computing a minimum CDS. The proposed algorithm saves time and message overhead in forming a CDS while supporting node mobility efficiently. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is efficient in terms of both message complexity and the size of the CDS.
Contextual Memory for Goals : On the Role of Context , Attention , and Intention in Cognitive Control

The contextual memory for goals (CMFG) model is presented as a theory of the role of context in cognitive control. CMFG has three components: (1) contextual chunking, (2) perceptual priming, and (3) goal setting. CMFG proposes that the contents of the cognitive buffers (perceptual, motor, intentional, etc.) become bound in declarative memory based on their co-occurrence during each cognitive cycle. The reoccurrence of buffer contents that have previously cooccurred spreads activation to associated chunks of memory. Goals are conceived of as declarative structures representing desired perceptual states that compete for control of cognition, are activated by perceptual priming, and are selected on the basis of activation. CMFG represents an integration of principles from Memory for Goals (MFG) model of cognitive control, Adaptive Control of Thought Rational (ACT-R), a unified theory of cognition, Perceptual Symbol Systems (PSS), and the Theory of Event Coding (TEC). CMFG will be examined in a series of experiments, implemented in the ACT-R cognitive architecture, and used to model experimental results.
LOCAL CHEEGER INEQUALITIES AND SPARSE CUTS

When computing on massive graphs, it is not tractable to iterate over the full graph. Local graph methods aim to analyze properties in a neighborhood of a seed vertex. Graph partitioning is an example of a problem that has a local analog. It attempts to ﬁnd a sparse cut of a speciﬁc volume near a seed vertex. Previous work attempts to approximate the optimal partition through standard, PageRank, and Heat Kernel PageRank random walks. We review these methods and focus on a recent improved approximation result from the Heat Kernel PageRank. Speciﬁcally, we show that the result was obtained via a false Local Cheeger Inequality. We present a counterexample, explain the ﬂaw in the proof, obtain weaker, correct results, and cite implications on Hardness of Approximation if the algorithm is able to achieve its approximation ratio.
A preliminary assessment of the electron-cloud effect for the FNAL main injector upgrade

We present results from a preliminary assessment, via computer simulations, of the electron-cloud (EC) density for the FNAL Main Injector upgrade at injection energy. Assuming a peak value for secondary emission yield δmax = 1.3, we find a threshold value of the bunch population, Nb,th≃ 1.25 ×1011, beyond which the EC density ρe reaches a steady-state level that is ∼104 times larger than for Nb<Nb,th, essentially neutralizing the beam, and leading to a tune shift ∼0.05. Our investigation is limited to a field-free region and to a dipole magnet region, both of which yield similar results for both Nb,th and the steady-state value of ρe. Possible dynamical effects from the EC on the beam, such as emittance growth and instabilities, remain to be investigated separately.
Defects of the Lamina Cribrosa in High Myopia and Glaucoma

Purpose We evaluated the prevalence and characteristics of the defects of the lamina cribrosa (LC) in high myopia and glaucoma, and compared them with control eyes using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Methods One hundred fifty-nine eyes of 108 participants were divided into four subgroups; high myopia with glaucoma (MG, 67 eyes of 46 subjects), glaucoma without high myopia (G, 22 eyes of 13 subjects), high myopia without glaucoma (M, 35 eyes of 29 subjects), and a control group with neither glaucoma nor high myopia (C, 35 eyes of 20 subjects). The LC defects were identified and located using a standardized protocol in serial horizontal OCT scans. The prevalence rates of the defects were compared among the groups. Demographic and ocular factors were compared between eyes with and without defects. Results LC defects were observed in one eye (0.03%) in the C group, 8 eyes (22.9%) in the M group, 11 eyes (50%) in the G group, and 28 eyes (41.8%) in the MG group. The prevalence rates of the defects differed significantly among the groups (P = 0.0009). Most eyes with defects in the G and MG groups (79.5%) had damage in the corresponding visual hemifields. Other factors such as visual acuity, intraocular pressure, axial length, refractive error, disc ovality, or parapapillary atrophy area did not differ significantly between eyes with and without LC defects. Conclusions High myopia and glaucoma significantly increased the risk of LC damage. The LC damage in non-glaucomatous highly myopic eyes may at least partly explain the increased risk of developing glaucoma in myopic eyes.
Inferences in a Virtual Community: Demography, User Preferences, and Network Topology

This paper presents a computational procedure for extracting demography data, mining patterns of human preferences, and measuring the topology of a virtual network. The network was created from the personal and relationships data of an online Internet-based community, where persons are considered nodes in the network, and relationships between persons are considered edges. A community of Friendster users whose listed hometown is Los Ba\~nos, Laguna was used as a test bed for the methodology. The method was able to provide the following demographic, preferential, and topological results about the test bed: (1) There are more female users (52.34\%) than male (47.66\%); (2) Homophily (i.e., birds-of-a-feather adage) is observed in the preferences of users with respect to age levels, such that they are strongly biased towards being friends with users of a similar age; (3) There is heterophily in gender preference such that friendship among users of the opposite gender occurs more often. (4) It exhibits a small-world characteristic with an average path length of 4.5 (maximum=12) among connected users, shorter than the well-known {\em six degrees of separation}~\cite{travers69}; And (5) The network exhibits a scale-free characteristics with heavily-tailed power-law distribution (with the power $\lambda = -1.02$ and $R^2 = 0.84$) suggesting the presence of many users acting as the network hubs. The methodology was successful in providing important data from a virtual community which can be used by several researchers in the fields of statistics, mathematics, physics, social sciences, and computer science.
The Epstein–Barr virus lytic cycle activator Zta interacts with methylated ZRE in the promoter of host target gene egr1

Activation of the host gene egr1 is essential for the lytic replication of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). egr1 is activated by Zta (BZLF1, ZEBRA). Zta interacts directly with DNA through a series of closely related Zta-response elements (ZREs). Here we dissect the mechanism used by Zta to interact with the egr1 promoter and identify a weak interaction with egr1ZRE that is dependent on the distal part of egr1ZRE. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the ability of Zta to interact with egr1ZRE is enhanced at least tenfold by methylation. The ability of Zta to transactivate a reporter construct driven by the egr1 promoter can be enhanced by methylation. As the ability of Zta to interact with a methylated ZRE in the EBV genome correlates with its ability to activate the expression of the endogenous viral gene BRLF1, this suggests that Zta may also have the capability to overturn epigenetic control of egr1.
A Multi-Perspective Framework for System Design: Measuring Price of Convenience Dynamism in End-User Encounters with Innovation

The paper describes a multi-perspective approach to measuring dynamics of end-user encounters with innovative artefacts and services which fall into the class broadly described as pervasive Information Systems and which includes m-commerce systems and devices. This working framework is based on the “Model of User Acceptability and Product Uptake” which, in turn, is drawn from the “Price of Convenience (PoC)” model (Ng-Kruelle, Swatman, Rebne and Hampe, 2002c). We model the framework as consisting of multiple system actors with a variety of influence, interests and functionalities.
Mobile Lattice-Coded Physical-Layer Network Coding with Practical Channel Alignment

Physical-layer network coding (PNC) is a communications paradigm that exploits overlapped transmissions to boost the throughput of wireless relay networks. A high point of PNC research was a theoretical proof that PNC that makes use of nested lattice codes could approach the information-theoretic capacity of a two-way relay network (TWRN), where two end nodes communicate via a relay node. The capacity cannot be achieved by conventional methods of time-division or straightforward network coding. Many practical challenges, however, remain to be addressed before the full potential of lattice-coded PNC can be realized. Two major challenges are: (1) for good performance in lattice-coded PNC, channels of simultaneously transmitting nodes must be aligned; (2) for lattice-coded PNC to be practical, the complexity of lattice encoding at the transmitters and lattice decoding at the receiver must be reduced. We address these challenges and implement a first lattice-coded PNC system on a software-defined radio (SDR) platform. Specifically, we design and implement a low-overhead channel precoding system that accurately aligns the channels of distributed nodes. In our implementation, the nodes use low-cost temperature-compensated oscillators (TCXO) only—a consequent challenge is that the channel alignment must be done more frequently and more accurately compared with the use of expensive oscillators. The low overhead and accurate channel alignment are achieved by (1) a channel precoding system implemented over FPGA to realize fast feedback of channel state information; (2) a highly-accurate carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation method; and (3) a partial-feedback channel estimation method that significantly reduces the amount of feedback information from the receiver to the transmitters for channel precoding at the transmitters. To reduce lattice encoding and decoding complexities, we adapt the low-density lattice code (LDLC) for use in PNC systems. Experiments show that our implemented lattice-coded PNC achieves better bit error rate performance compared with time-division and straightforward network coding systems. It also has good throughput performance in mobile non-LoS scenarios.