Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The social and economic impacts of immigration detention facilities: A South Australian case study

The negative attitudes fostered by political rhetoric against asylum seekers create significant problems when asylum seekers are housed within communities. Much of the community's opposition focuses on the perceived economic and social impacts of large numbers of asylum seekers. However, we currently lack research on the local economic and social impacts of asylum seekers. As a contribution to this evidence base our paper outlines a South Australian case study of the impact of a low security immigration detention facility on the local economy, health services and social cohesion. Our impact assessment found that community concerns were not borne out. There were increases in employment and local expenditure, no reduction in health care services or access, and tensions between residents subsided, as did initially strong reactions against the asylum seekers themselves. The minimal impacts were due to the government and community interventions such as seeking local contracts and providing onsite health services. This case study is used to provide some guidelines for other communities to effectively target the fears that matter most to the community - either through disseminating information that reduces fears and myths, or through planning and interventions that minimise negative impacts and enhance positive benefits. In this way, the arrival of asylum seekers can potentially become one that benefits all community members.
Electromagnetic focusing in biological tissues

In this work we assess the feasibility of focused electromagnetic ablation of breast cancer. In our approach we consider two degrees of freedom, namely the bolus permittivity and the operational frequency. The electric fields in a two-dimensional configuration are computed per source using the iterative conjugate gradient method. The fields are subsequently focused in two lesions. The focusing performance is evaluated through the normalized cumulative histograms corresponding to the dissipated power patterns, indicating the potential of the treatment.
Reaching Movements in Childhood Dystonia Contain Signal-Dependent Noise

When reaching, children with dystonia exhibit movements that are slower and more variable than normal children. We hypothesize that in dystonia there is an increase in signal-dependent noise so that there is increased variability with increasing speed. This hypothesis predicts that slower movement in children with dystonia is at least partly due to a compensatory strategy to reduce variability by decreasing speed. To test this hypothesis, we measured the speed of arm movement while children attempted to contact buttons of different sizes. We tested 23 control children and 15 children between the ages of 4 and 16 years with dystonia owing to either cerebral palsy, idiopathic dystonia not due to the DYT1 (torsin A) mutation, or other identified causes. A consistent inverse relationship between movement time and button size was seen for both the control children and the children with dystonia. The variance of movement speed increased with the average speed for all subjects. Children with dystonia moved significantly more slowly at all button sizes, and their movement speed was more sensitive to changes in button size. Therefore, part of the reduction in speed in dystonia is due to relatively greater difficulty in contacting small targets. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis of increased signal-dependent noise in children with dystonia, and we present a simple computational model that provides a possible explanation for the origin of this noise. (J Child Neurol 2005;20:489—496).
The Portfolio Effect of Pension Reforms

We estimate the portfolio effect of changes in social security wealth exploiting a decade of Italian pension reforms as a source of exogenous variation. The Italian Survey of Household Income and Wealth records detailed portfolio data and elicits expectations of retirement outcomes, thus allowing us to measure the expected social security wealth and to assess to what extent Italian households perceive the innovations brought about by the reforms. We find that households have responded to the cut in pension benefits mostly by increasing real estate wealth, and that the response is stronger among households that are able to estimate more accurately future social security benefits. We also compute that for the average household consumable wealth increases by 40 percent of the reduction in social security wealth.
Reliable and Compact 3- and 4-Bit Phase Shifters Using MEMS SP4T and SP8T Switches

This paper presents radio frequency (RF) micro-electromechanical system-based 3- and 4-bit phase shifters using single-pole-four-throw (SP4T) and single-pole-eight-throw (SP8T) switches. The design is fabricated on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$635~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> alumina substrate using a surface micromachining process. SP4T and SP8T switches demonstrate measured return loss of >16 dB, worst case insertion loss of 1.66 dB, and isolation of >13.6 dB up to 40 GHz. Total area of the SP4T and SP8T switches is 0.98 mm<sup>2</sup> and 1.66 mm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Switches are capable of handling 1 W of incident RF power and can sustain up to 1 billion cycles at 85°C. Finally, 3- and 4-bit phase shifters deliver measured return loss of >12 dB, average insertion loss of <5.4 dB, and average phase error of 1.65° at 35 GHz. The total area of the phase shifter (4-bit) is 7.5 mm<sup>2</sup>, which is lowest reported till date. Reliability tests of phase shifters demonstrate >1 billion cycles with 0.1 W of power in cold switching. In addition, phase shifters also worked satisfactory up to >400 million cycles with 0.5 W of power at 85 °C in hot switching condition. Devices were enclosed within a low-cost package and characterized them systematically. [2017-0104]
Implementing an outcomes approach to public management and accountability in the UK—are we learning the lessons?

This article examines the implementation of an outcomes approach to public management and accountability within the UK in the local partnership context of single outcome agreements (SOAs) in Scotland and local area agreements (LAAs) in England. Progress with implementation is assessed against the principles of best practice that have been established on the basis of international experience with results based management (RBM). The transferability of international lessons to the UK partnership context is discussed.
Implications of Global Climate Change for Tourism Flows and Seasonality

Tourism is a climate-dependent industry, and many destinations owe their popularity to their pleasant climates during traditional holiday seasons. This article explores the potential implications of climate change for global tourism, with special emphasis on seasonality. Combination of two climate change scenarios with the Tourism Climatic Index reveals that the locations of climatically ideal tourism conditions are likely to shift poleward under projected climate change. Whereas destinations such as the Mediterranean may see shifts in their peak seasons from summer months to current shoulder periods, regions in higher latitudes are likely to experience a lengthening of their summer seasons. The effects of these changes will depend greatly on the flexibility demonstrated by institutions and tourists as they react to climate change, with substantial implications for both spatial and temporal redistribution of tourism activities. The reader is referred to http://www.carrs. msu.edu/Main/People/faculty%20bios/extra/nicho210- journal.pdf to view the full series of color maps accompanying these analyses.
Public Management Development: A Comparative Perspective

For a variety of reasons, public management development policies have become the fad in many Western industrialised countries in recent years. As governments move to see their operations managed other than simply administered, they are looking for ways to provide new management skills to their managers. In addition, senior government officials themselves see management development programmes as a way to strengthen the corporate culture and purpose of public bureaucracies. Attempts at launching new public management policies in several OECD countries are reviewed. The purpose is to draw out the similarities and differences in the approaches being tried. It is revealed that there are a great deal of similarities. For one thing, governments are looking inside their operations for solutions rather than turning to universities or the private sector. For another, the standard lecture approach to teaching has lost much of its appeal in the new programmes. In some instances, participants from the private sector a.
A Model of the World Wool Market

This paper presents the theoretical and empirical structure of WOOLMOD – a model of the world wool market which treats raw wool and wool products as heterogeneous commodities. The model divides the world wool market into ten geographical regions and production in each region amongst eight major industrial sectors, each representing a different stage of the wool market. The industrial sectors cover the full spectrum of activities from raw wool production to retail garment production. The usefulness of WOOLMOD is demonstrated via an illustrative application: analysing the short-run effects of two to three years worth of total factor productivity growth in the Australian sheep industry – the world’s largest single producer and exporter of raw wool.
Global observations and spectral characteristics of desert dust and biomass burning aerosols

A technique that has gained considerable interest over the last years to monitor aerosol distributions and characterise aerosol source regions has been the use of the absorbing aerosol index (AAI). It has been used extensively to monitor ultraviolet (UV) absorbing aerosols, mainly desert dust and biomass burning aerosols. The AAI is not an aerosol quantity, but a radiation difference in the UV. Its main advantages are its insensitivity to scattering aerosols and clouds, which makes it suitable for global monitoring of absorbing aerosols with sensors with large footprints, and its insensitivity to surface type, which makes it suitable for monitoring aerosols over both sea and land and to study the source regions of UV-absorbing aerosols, which are mainly over land. The European spectrometers GOME and SCIAMACHY have been used to produce daily AAI distributions. GOME data (July 1995-December 2000) have been used to validate the TOMS AAI distributions and complement the TOMS data set in the period July 1995-October 1996, when no TOMS data are available. SCIAMACHY has been measuring from July 2002 to present. The spectrometers measure the entire spectrum from about 240 nm to about 800 nm (GOME) or about 2400 nm (SCIAMACHY). These instruments are used to characterise the spectra of desert dust and biomass burning aerosols scenes. The spectra are used to discriminate between these aerosol types using direct measurements, which can be useful for aerosol retrieval algorithms which at present use aerosol composition climatologies.
The persistence of innovation: a panel data investigation on manufacturing firms

This paper represents a contribution to empirical debate on the persistence of innovation in the firm, by exploiting an innovative panel database that, for the first time, links three waves of the Italian Community Innovation Survey with an administrative data source providing economic and financial information for firms in the Italian manufacturing sector, 1996–2003. By using both a dynamic logistic model and a Granger causality approach, we show that in order to innovate successfully it is much more important to have an adequate flow of profits during an appropriate time span rather than high profits only during one period before innovation. Our causality tests prove the existence of a dynamic interaction between innovation and profitability: successful innovation can, in the short run, generate the profitability conditions that can then enhance the financial resources needed to reinvest in new technological opportunities, thus causing the firm to persist in its innovative behaviour. We have also shown that another important source of persistence is represented by past innovative experience. A firm with consolidated innovative behaviour would have a higher probability of future successful innovation with respect to a firm that occasionally (or accidentally) innovates. Persistence in innovation enables a firm to take advantage of substantial technological and organizational learning effects, which improve with time.
How Should Consumers’ Willingness to Pay be Measured? An Empirical Comparison of State-of-the-Art Approaches

This study compares the performance of four commonly used approaches to measure consumers’ willingness to pay with real purchase data (REAL): the open-ended (OE) question format; choice-based conjoint (CBC) analysis; Becker, DeGroot, and Marschak's (BDM) incentive-compatible mechanism; and incentive-aligned choice-based conjoint (ICBC) analysis. With this five-in-one approach, the authors test the relative strengths of the four measurement methods, using REAL as the benchmark, on the basis of statistical criteria and decision-relevant metrics. The results indicate that the BDM and ICBC approaches can pass statistical and decision-oriented tests. The authors find that respondents are more price sensitive in incentive-aligned settings than in non-incentive-aligned settings and the REAL setting. Furthermore, they find a large number of “none” choices under ICBC than under hypothetical conjoint analysis. This study uncovers an intriguing possibility: Even when the OE format and CBC analysis generate hypothetical bias, they may still lead to the right demand curves and right pricing decisions.
Ki67 LABELLING INDEX: AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF PROGRESSION IN PROSTATE CANCER TREATED BY RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY

The clinical course of prostate cancer is highly variable and cannot satisfactorily be predicted by histological criteria alone. Both tumour cell proliferation and neuroendocrine differentiation have been suggested as additional prognostic parameters, neuroendocrine differentiation being considered to enhance tumour cell proliferation. This study investigated the prognostic value of tumour cell proliferation [Ki67 labelling index (LI), MIB 1] and neuroendocrine differentiation and their relationship to each other. One hundred and thirty‐seven paraffin‐embedded radical prostatectomy specimens were examined. Neuroendocrine differentiation was found in 58 per cent of cases, but was not associated with pTN stage, Gleason score, Ki67 LI, or tumour progression. Ki67 LI was not significantly associated with pTN stage or with Gleason score. High grade (P=0·0005), advanced local stage (P=0·0004), positive lymph nodes (P=0·02), and high Ki67 LI (P=0·0203) were predictors of tumour progression if univariate analysis was performed, but Cox stepwise regression showed that only advanced local stage (P=0·0025) and Ki67 LI (P=0·0105) were independent predictors of tumour progression, the relative risk being 3·6 and 2·5, respectively. It is concluded that Ki67 is an important prognostic marker in prostate cancer with a potential for routine application.
Organizational Culture: An Important Context for Addressing and Improving Hospital to Community Patient Discharge

Background:Organizational culture is seen as having a growing impact on quality and safety of health care, but its impact on hospital to community patient discharge is relatively unknown. Objectives:To explore aspects of organizational culture to develop a deeper understanding of the discharge process. Research Design:A qualitative study of stakeholders in the discharge process. Grounded Theory was used to analyze the data. Subjects:In 5 European Union countries, 192 individual and 25 focus group interviews were conducted with patients and relatives, hospital physicians, hospital nurses, general practitioners, and community nurses. Results:Three themes emerged representing aspects of organizational culture: a fragmented hospital to primary care interface, undervaluing administrative tasks relative to clinical tasks in the discharge process, and lack of reflection on the discharge process or process improvement. Nine categories were identified: inward focus of hospital care providers, lack of awareness to needs, skills, and work patterns of the professional counterpart, lack of a collaborative attitude, relationship between hospital and primary care providers, providing care in a “here and now” situation, administrative work considered to be burdensome, negative attitude toward feedback, handovers at discharge ruled by habits, and appreciating and integrating new practices. Conclusions:On the basis of the data, we hypothesize that the extent to which hospital care providers value handovers and the outreach to community care providers is critical to effective hospital discharge. Community care providers often are insufficiently informed about patient outcomes. Ongoing challenges with patient discharge often remain unspoken with opportunities for improvement overlooked. Interventions that address organizational culture as a key factor in discharge improvement efforts are needed.
Normative Meanings of Experiences for a Spectrum of Tourism Places

Within a tourism system, some places have a predominantly tourism clientele, other places cater to both tourists and locals, and still others focus on locals and only incidentally tourists. These places may be viewed as a spectrum with different demand structures. This article investigates how a community with a large tourism economy defined the normative meanings of experiences for the spectrum. Three places represented the spectrum: Yellowstone National Park, the downtown shopping district, and big-box stores. A quasi-experimental design of community residents assessed consumption, hedonic, utilitarian, and social meanings for the places while controlling for background characteristics. The high-, mixed-, and low-tourism-demand places differed on meanings. Correlation analysis indicated that some of the places shared meanings, whereas others did not. Discriminant analysis predicted the correct place 86% of the time based on the meanings. The article concludes by discussing some recommendations for future research.
The Measurement of Unemployment: An Empirical Approach

Although the unemployment rate is one of the most widely cited and closely monitored economic statistics, the definition and measurement of unemployment remain controversial. An important issue is whether non-employed persons who display a marginal attachment to the labor force (for example, those who are available for and desire work but are not searching for work) should be classified as unemployed or non-participants. Although this issue has been extensively debated, it has never been tested empirically. This paper carries out empirical tests of this and related hypotheses using a unique longitudinal data set from Canada. We find within the marginally attached a "waiting" group whose behavior indicates that they would be more appropriately classified as unemployed rather than out-of-the-labor force. The remainder of the marginally attached exhibit behavior between that of the unemployed and the balance of non-participants, suggesting that the desire for work among non-searchers conveys substantial information about labor force attachment and future employment status. Our methods also apply to heterogeneity within the unemployed, and we investigate behavioral variation linked to differences in job search methods and reasons for entry into unemployment. Although those using "passive" job search do exhibit behavior somewhat distinct from "active" searchers, our results reject the practice of classifying passive job searchers as out-of-the-labor force. Overall, our results indicate that the non-employed are very heterogeneous, so that any single division into "unemployment" and "out-of-the-labor force" is unlikely to fully capture the variety of degrees of labor force attachment. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
Information Sources Used By Older Adults for Decision Making About Tourist and Travel Destinations

Over the past decade, the older market has emerged as an extremely important one because of its increased purchasing power for most consumer goods and services. The tourism and leisure industry is also targeting people aged 65 years and older, because many possess a relatively large share of discretionary money that they want to spend on travel. This has resulted in increasing attention by the mass media and the advertising industry in particular. This paper discusses the main types of information sources that are used by older adults when they make decisions about tourist and travel destinations, and particularly focuses on the importance of word-of-mouth sources and personal experiences. It also explores the influence of the mass media on trip decision making for older adults, and discusses the importance of brochures, magazines and television as information sources for older adults. Finally, it critiques the lack of senior models in advertising campaigns for travel products that are aimed at the older market.
An Empirical Defect-Related Photo Leakage Current Model for LTPS TFTs Based on the Unit Lux Current

In this paper, the photosensitive effect of n-type low-temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) thin-film transistors (TFTs) after dc stress is analyzed. It is found that the illumination behaviors for poly-Si TFTs are dependent on the defect types created by different stress conditions of hot-carrier and self-heating effects. For a given stress-induced device degradation, the anomalous illumination behaviors are observed, and these photo-induced leakage currents are not included in the present SPICE device model. Therefore, based on trap-assisted and Poole-Frenkel effect, an empirical defect-related photo leakage current model based on Unit Lux Current (ULC) is proposed to depict the photo-induced current after device degradation. Furthermore, the verified equation of ULC is analytically derived and has good agreement with the experimental data.
Allocation and the Returns to Over-education in the UK

Over-education indicates that there are mismatches between the supply and demand for skills in the labour market, and inefficiencies in the investment in education. This paper uses the 1991 wave of the British Household Panel Survey to examine the extent and the returns to over-education in the UK. For this, we divide years of education attained by workers into years of education required for the job, years of over-education and years of under-education. The paper contributes to the literature on this topic by determining the rates of return when investments in education are endogenous. We use three different approaches to measuring the returns to over-education. The first is the conventional one, in which years of education required, years of over-education and years of unver-education are included as exogenous variables in an ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation of the wage equation. The second approach uses instrumental variables for years of education required, over-education and under-education in the wage equation. By this, we allow for the mutual relation between the utilization of education and wage setting within the framework of the allocation theory. In the third approach, we extend the notions of the allocation theory by specifying separate wage regimes for each of the three modes of the allocation of skills supplied and skills required. The results suggest that OLS overestimates the returns to over-education because of ability bias. For the same reasons, the OLS estimates of the returns to under-education might be biased downwards. OLS estimates on the years of education required are biased downwards as well. The results further show that mismatches between supply and demand for skills tend to diminish with years of experience in the labour market.