Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Output-Feedback Model Predictive Control with Moving Horizon Estimation : Illustrative Examples

We review a recently introduced method to efficiently solve online optimization problems that appear in output-feedback model predictive control (MPC) and moving-horizon state estimation (MHE). The novel feature of this approach is that it solves both the MPC and MHE problems simultaneously as a single min-max optimization. Like in the more common state-feedback MPC, this approach allows one to incorporate explicit constraints on the control input and state. In addition, it allows one to incorporate any known constraints on disturbances and noise. Under appropriate assumptions that ensure controllability and observability of the nonlinear process to be controlled, we give results showing that the state of the system remains bounded and establish bounds on the tracking error for trajectory tracking problems. The min-max optimization that arises in our approach can be solved using a primal-dual-like interiorpoint method, developed especially for this purpose. Under appropriate convexity assumptions, this method is guaranteed to terminate at a global solution. However, simulation results show that it also converges rapidly in many problems that are severely nonconvex. This report includes a few representative examples that demonstrate the applicability of the approach in systems that are high-dimensional, nonlinear in their dynamics and/or measurements, and that have significant dynamic uncertainty. For all these examples, the interior-point method solver takes on average less than 6 ms to compute the control signal on a regular laptop computer.
Neural correlates of object-extracted relative clause processing across English and Chinese

An under-studied facet of the neurobiology of language is whether, and if so, when, the brain bases of language processing differ across languages. English and Mandarin Chinese present an opportunity to investigate this with object-extracted relative clauses (ORCs), as these constructions exhibit radical typological differences in these two languages. While ORCs have been extensively studied in both languages, it is important that previous experimental results be validated and extended using naturalistic stimuli. ORCs were analyzed in fMRI data collected while English and Chinese participants listened to naturalistic, translation-equivalent stories. A general linear model analysis was performed, calculating effects for ORC processing and the associated contrast between the two languages A voxel-level intersection was calculated between the English and Chinese ORC effects to identify common regions of selectively increased activation. In English, ORC processing was associated with increased activation in the left posterior temporal lobe, angular gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, precuneus, and posterior cingulate cortex. Similar results were found for Chinese, with the addition of: bilateral mid/anterior superior temporal gyrus and right inferior frontal gyrus. Contrasting the two languages, greater activation was found for Chinese participants than English participants in bilateral superior temporal gyrus and bilateral primary auditory cortex. The results implicate a common collection of brain regions for ORC processing. However, the additionally activated regions for Chinese participants are interpreted as subserving supplemental processing related to structural disambiguation. The results indicate that naturalistic language processing recruits extended language network regions in order to incorporate incoming linguistic information with previous context.
Revisiting predictor–criterion construct congruence: Implications for designing personnel selection systems

Overview In their focal article, Sackett et al. (in press) describe implications of their new meta-analytic estimates of validity of widely used predictors for selection of employees. Contradicting the received wisdom of Schmidt and Hunter (1998), Sackett et al. conclude that predictor methods with content specifically tailored to jobs generally have greater validity for predicting job performance than general measures reflecting psychological constructs (e.g., cognitive abilities, personality traits). They also point out that standard deviations around the mean of their metaanalytic validity estimates are often large, leading to their question “why the variability? ” (p. x). They suggest many legitimate contributors. We propose an additional moderator variable of critical importance: predictor-criterion construct congruence, accounting for a great deal of variability in validity coefficients found in meta-analysis. That is, the extent to which what is measured is congruent with what is predicted is an important determinant of the level of validity obtained. Sackett et al. (2022) acknowledge that the strongest predictors in their re-analysis are job-specific measures and that a “closer behavioral match between predictor and criterion” (p. 2062) might contribute to higher validities. Many in our field have also noted the importance of “behavioral consistency” between predictors and criteria relevant to selection, while also arguing for another type of congruence: the relationships between constructs in both the predictor and criterion space (e.g., Bartram, 2005; Campbell et al., 1993; Campbell & Knapp, 2001; Hogan & Holland, 2003; Hough, 1992; Hough & Oswald, 2005; Pulakos et al., 1988; Sackett & Lievens, 2008; Schmitt & Ostroff, 1986). The above reflects an important distinction between two types of congruence: behavior-based congruence and construct-based congruence. When ‘past behavior predicts future behavior’ (as might be possible for jobs requiring past experience and where behavior-oriented employment assessments such as interviews, biodata, and work samples are involved), behavior-based congruence exists. Behavior-based assessments can vary a great deal across jobs but tend to ask about past experiences that are influenced by a complex mix of KSAOs. By contrast, constructbased congruence aligns employment tests of job-relevant KSAOs (e.g., verbal and math skills, conscientiousness) with relevant work criteria, such as technical performance or counterproductive work behavior (e.g., Campbell & Wiernik, 2015). What we are suggesting strongly here is that regardless of the approach to congruence adopted in selection, it is the congruence between predictor and criterion constructs that is a key factor
USE OF SILHOUETTE EDGES AND AMBIENT OCCLUSION IN PARTICLE VISUALIZATION by

Particle visualization has traditionally borrowed techniques from grid based methods. Some grid based methods such as shadows and the Phong illumination model are easily applied to the particle renderings which often use iconic shapes such as spheres and ellipsoids to represent the data. While these approaches are appropriate for particle based data, not all grid based visualization methods are suitable for particle visualization. This thesis investigates the use of image based silhouette edges and ambient occlusion textures with respect to particle visualization demonstrating the effectiveness of these techniques.
Follicular regulatory T cells can access the germinal centre independently of CXCR5

The germinal centre (GC) response is critical for generating high-affinity humoral immunity and immunological memory, which forms the basis of successful immunisation. Control of the GC response is thought to require follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells, a subset of suppressive Foxp3+ Treg cells located within GCs. Relatively little is known about the exact role of Tfr cells within the GC, and the mechanism/s through which they exert their suppressive function. A unique feature of Tfr cells is their reported CXCR5-dependent localisation to the GC. Here we show that the lack of CXCR5 on Foxp3+ regulatory T cells resulted in a reduced frequency, but not an absence of, GC-localised Tfr cells. This demonstrates that additional, CXCR5-independent mechanisms facilitate Treg cell homing to the GC.
Low profile endografts for the endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms

ABSTRACT Introduction Favorable midterm outcomes have been reported with the use of low-profile endografts (LPE), but long-term data is still needed. Furthermore, it is unclear if each of these LPE may have advantages over the other, which may, in turn, affect the outcomes. We systematically reviewed the literature about complications and reintervention rates of patients submitted to endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) using LPE. Matherials and methods A literature search was conducted including articles that reported 30-days and follow-up mortality, complications, and reintervention rates of patients treated with EVAR using Incraft (Cordis), Zenith LP/Alpha (Cook Medical Inc) and Ovation (Endologix) endografts. Results 36 papers were evaluated, reporting results of 582 patients treated with Zenith device, 1211 with Incraft and 3449 with Ovation. During follow up, similar survival and freedom from reintervention rates were reported among the various types of endograft both at 1 and 3 years. The incidence of limb stenosis/kinking was significantly higher in patients treated with Zenith LP/Alpha (2.1%, P = 0.008), while the Incraft device had a significantly lower proportion of type III endoleaks (P < 0.001). Conclusions Long-term survival and freedom from reintervention rates were comparable among the three LPEs. The Cook Zenith device had the highest rates of limb stenosis/kinking, while the Incraft device had the lowest occurrence of type III endoleak. Prospero Registration number: CRD42022315875
Quantitative image analysis pipeline for detecting circulating hybrid cells in immunofluorescence images with human-level accuracy

Circulating hybrid cells (CHCs) are a newly discovered, tumor-derived cell population identified in the peripheral blood of cancer patients and are thought to contribute to tumor metastasis. However, identifying CHCs by immunofluorescence (IF) imaging of patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is a time-consuming and subjective process that currently relies on manual annotation by laboratory technicians. Additionally, while IF is relatively easy to apply to tissue sections, its application on PBMC smears presents challenges due to the presence of biological and technical artifacts. To address these challenges, we present a robust image analysis pipeline to automate the detection and analyses of CHCs in IF images. The pipeline incorporates quality control to optimize specimen preparation protocols and remove unwanted artifacts, leverages a β-variational autoencoder (VAE) to learn meaningful latent representations of single-cell images and employs a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to achieve human-level CHC detection. We created a rigorously labeled IF CHC dataset including 9 patients and 2 disease sites with the assistance of 10 annotators to evaluate the pipeline. We examined annotator variation and bias in CHC detection and then provided guidelines to optimize the accuracy of CHC annotation. We found that all annotators agreed on CHC identification for only 65% of the cells in the dataset and had a tendency to underestimate CHC counts for regions of interest (ROI) containing relatively large amounts of cells (>50,000) when using conventional enumeration methods. On the other hand, our proposed approach is unbiased to ROI size. The SVM classifier trained on the β-VAE encodings achieved an F1 score of 0.80, matching the average performance of annotators. Our pipeline enables researchers to explore the role of CHCs in cancer progression and assess their potential as a clinical biomarker for metastasis. Further, we demonstrate that the pipeline can identify discrete cellular phenotypes among PBMCs, highlighting its utility beyond CHCs.
HER2 overexpression initiates breast tumorigenesis non-cell-autonomously by inducing oxidative stress in the tissue microenvironment

HER2 is considered as a driver oncogene responsible for the HER2+ subtype of breast cancer. However, it is still unclear how HER2 induces the oncogenic transformation of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and initiates tumorigenesis during premalignant stage breast cancer. Here, we used clinical samples and mouse models of HER2+ breast cancer to demonstrate that neither BCSCs nor their cell-of-origin express HER2/Neu in early-stage breast tumors. Instead, our results demonstrate that Neu overexpression results in the transformation of BCSCs in a non-cell-autonomous manner via triggering DNA damage and somatic mutagenesis in their Neu-negative cell-of-origin. This is caused by the increased oxidative stress in the tissue microenvironment generated by altered energy metabolism and increased reactive oxygen species levels in Neu-overexpressing mammary ducts. Therefore, our findings illustrate a previously unrecognized mechanism of HER2-induced breast tumor initiation in vivo with potential impacts on future preventive treatments for HER2+ premalignant breast cancer.
Least Squares Estimator for Vasicek Model Driven by Fractional Levy Processes

In this paper, we consider parameter estimation problem for Vasicek model driven by fractional lévy processes defined We construct least squares estimator for drift parameters based on time? continuous observations, the consistency and asymptotic distribution of these estimators are studied in the non? ergodic case. In contrast to the fractional Vasicek model, it can be regarded as a Lévy generalization of fractional Vasicek model.
Female germline expression of OVO transcription factor bridges Drosophila generations

OVO is required for karyotypically female germ cell viability but has no known function in the male germline in Drosophila. ovo is autoregulated by two antagonistic isoforms, OVO-A and OVO-B. All ovo- alleles were created as partial revertants of the antimorphic ovoD1allele. Creation of new targeted alleles in an ovo+ background indicated that disrupting the germline-specific exon extension of ovo-B leads to an arrested egg chamber phenotype, rather than germ cell death. RNA-seq analysis, including >1K full length cDNAs, indicates that ovo utilizes a number of unannotated splice variations in the extended exon and a minor population of ovo-B transcripts utilizes an alternative splice. This indicates that classical ovo alleles such as ovoD1rv23, are not truly null for ovo, and are likely to be weak antimorphs. To generate bonafide nulls, we deleted the ovo-A and ovo-B promoters showing that only ovo-B is required for female germ cell viability and there is an early and polyphasic developmental requirement for ovo-B in the female germline. To visualize OVO expression and localization, we endogenously tagged ovo and found nuclear OVO in all differentiating female germ cells throughout oogenesis in adults. We also found that OVO is maternally deposited into the embryo, where it showed nuclear localization in newly formed pole cells. Maternal OVO persisted in embryonic germ cells until zygotic OVO expression was detectable, suggesting that there is continuous nuclear OVO expression in the female germline in the transition from one generation to the next. Article Summary ovo has long been considered to be at the top of the female germline sex determination pathway. We utilized updated genetic methods to determine OVO expression, localization, and requirement in the embryonic and adult germline. Our results indicate that OVO is always present, and likely required, in the Drosophila female germline.
Diurnal and Seasonal Variation of Clear-Sky Land Surface Temperature of Several Representative Land Surface Types in China Retrieved by GMS-5

在由有单个 time/dual 隧道裂口窗户算法的 GMS-5/VISSR 热红外线的数据的这份报纸的检索结果揭示特征日报、季节几代表性的陆地表面的清楚天空的陆地表面温度( LST )的变化录入中国包括 Tarim 盆，Qinghai西藏的高原， Hunshandake 沙，诺思中国平原，并且华南。 在上面的区域的清楚天空的 LST 的季节的变化由太阳的放射为影响的不同表面反照率，土壤水内容，和程度清楚地变化。 每月的一般水准日报 LST 的范围在一年里有二座山峰和二条山谷。 在东亚和在台湾海峡和黄海的南方的海表面温度(SST ) 的大多数土地的 LST 的特征也作为比较被分析。 Tarim 盆和 Hunshandake 沙有可观的 LST 不仅日报周期而且显著季节的变化。 在 2000，最大的每月的一般水准日报在两个区域的 LST 的范围在 Hunshadake 沙活动范围是超过 30 K，和年度范围 58.50 K。 在 Qinghai 西藏的高原的 LST 的季节的变化是在东亚， Tarim 盆，和 Hunshandake 沙的不到那些。 然而，最大值日报范围在这个区域存在。 每年的一般水准日报范围是在在 2000 的 Qinghai 西藏的高原的 28.05 K。 特征日报、季节、年度从 1998 ～ 2000 的变化也在这研究被显示出。 所有结果将对为陆地表面类型的变化的气候变化，放射平衡，和评价的研究珍贵。 [出版摘要]
Drag Coefficient Estimation of Low Density Objects by Free Fall Experiments

Abstract The present article investigates whether the drag coefficient of low density objects can be determined by free fall experiments with sufficient accuracy. Among other things, the drag coefficient depends on the flow velocity, which can be controlled in wind channels experiments. Free fall experiments do not offer an experimental environment with constant flow velocity. Especially the later part of the movement gets relevantly influenced by air drag deceleration. We theoretically estimate an average sphere drag coefficient for the relevant part of the movement of falling spheres. The results are verified by examining the drag coefficient from experimental data. Finally, we determine the drag coefficient of a model rocket, which is compared to the result of the corresponding wind channel experiment.
Estimating the number of breeders from helminth larvae with genomic data

Effective control of helminth infections requires the application of mathematical models to inform control efforts and policy, the development of product profiles for new drugs, and the monitoring of existing drugs for resistance. Key to the success of these approaches is accurately estimating the number of worms within a host, as well as distinguishing, in drug efficacy trials and monitoring, between adults surviving treatment and adults who have reinfected a host following drug treatment. In practice, observing adult worms is often extremely challenging in a patient, as many adult helminths are embedded deep in host tissues. Genetic approaches to infer kinship between larvae or eggs offer a solution to establish adult worm burdens, and to distinguish between treatment failure or treatment success followed by reinfection. Here, we use low-coverage whole-genome, and mitochondrial sequencing, of Onchocerca volvulus larvae to estimate the number of adults contributing to pools of offspring of known and unknown parentage. lcWGS reconstructs full-sibling relationships, resolving the number of unique adult worms contributing to a pool of offspring. Mitochondrial genotyping reconstructs maternal sib-ship, thus estimating the minimum number of adult females within a patient. Further development will improve these techniques for evaluating adult worm burden and trial outcome.
Mapping threatened Thai bovids provides opportunities for improved conservation outcomes in Asia

Wild bovids provide important ecosystem services throughout their native range. In Asia, most are threatened with extinction. Five wild bovids remain in Thailand: gaur (Bos gaurus), banteng (Bos javanicus), wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee), mainland serow (Capricornis sumatraensis) and Chinese goral (Naemorhedus griseus). However, their populations and habitats have declined substantially and become fragmented. Here, we identified potentially suitable habitat for these five threatened bovids using ecological niche models, first throughout the species entire distribution and second within Thailand, and quantified how much suitable area remains within protected areas. We combined species occurrence data with 28 environmental variables for modelling and used a spatially-restricted Biotic-Abiotic-Mobility framework for two accessible areas: 1) species-specific accessible areas and 2) a single large accessible area. We applied spatially restricted and weighted average ensembles from eight algorithms when generating maps. For B. gaurus and B. javanicus, the best models predicted suitable habitat was mostly within Southeast Asia, with B. gaurus having predicted large areas in Thailand and India. B. arnee suitable habitat was mostly in India. C. sumatraensis suitable habitat was mostly in Thailand and Myanmar. N. griseus was mainly restricted to China. In Thailand, the highest bovid potential richnesses were in the Northern Forest, Western Forest, Eastern Forest and Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complexes. We identified unprotected hotspots with >50% of overall suitable habitat located outside protected areas. B. arnee had the smallest proportion of protected habitat (9%). Suitable areas identified in and out protected areas may guide habitat management and conflict mitigation strategies.
4D Single-Particle Tracking with Asynchronous Read-Out SPAD-Array Detector

Single-particle tracking (SPT) techniques are essential for investigating the com-plex functions and interactions of individual, specifically labelled particles in biological environments. Many SPT techniques exist, each optimised towards a different balance between spatiotemporal resolution and range, technical com-plexity, and information content. This bargain is exemplified by the contrast between wide-field camera-based and real-time SPT approaches, with the latter being generally more advanced but at the cost of high complexity. Further-more, the fluorescence lifetime, a powerful tool for investigating the particle’s interactions and nano-environment, has yet to be measured consistently. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel real-time three-dimensional SPT technique based on a hybrid approach. In our implementation, we equip a confocal laser-scanning microscope with an asynchronous read-out single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array detector and few other optics. Each sensitive detector element acts as a confocal pinhole, and the recorded intensity distribu-tion reflects the particle’s position in three dimensions relative to the excitation volume. This localization is used in a real-time feedback system to keep the par-ticle in the centre of the excitation volume. Importantly, as each pixel is an independent single-photon detector, SPT is combined with fluorescence lifetime measurement. Our system achieves a localization precision of up to 30 nm with 100 photons and microsecond time resolution, while also performing fluorescence lifetime mea-surements. First, we validated the technique by tracking fluorescent particles in artificial environments. Secondly, as further validation, we investigated the move-ment of lysosomes in living SK-N-BE cells and measured the fluorescence lifetime of the GFP marker expressed on a membrane protein. We observed an unprece-dented correlation between the changes in fluorescence lifetime and the motion state of the lysosomes. Thanks to its simplicity and the great momentum of confocal microscopy based on SPAD array detector, we expect that this implementation will open to many information-rich correlative imaging and tracking studies.