Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple Resolution Image Classification

Binary image classification is a problem that has received much attention in recent years. In this paper we evaluate a selection of popular techniques in an effort to find a feature set/classifier combination which generalizes well to full resolution image data. We then apply that system to images at one-half through onesixteenth resolution, and consider the corresponding error rates. In addition, we further observe generalization performance as it depends on the number of training images, and lastly, compare the system’s best error rates to that of a human performing an identical classification task given the same set of test images.
MAC protocol enhancements and a distributed scheduler for QoS guarantees over the IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs

In future wireless networks, different traffic classes will exhibit a large variety of characteristics and QoS requirements, such as transmission rate, maximum tolerable bit error rate and timeout specifications. However, currently there is no standard way of guaranteeing QoS in wireless access networks like wireless LAN based on IEEE 802.11. In this paper, we propose medium access control protocol enhancements and a distributed scheduler for QoS guarantees and fairness over IEEE 802.11 WLAN. The proposed scheme uses distributed scheduling at both the access point and the user terminals to schedule the transmission of packets according to their delay requirements. The algorithms used for both scheduling are the same. A flexible and fair resource allocation method among the traffic classes and the user terminals is provided by this scheme. Its performance has been evaluated using UCB/LBNL/VINT network simulator and an implementation in the Linux kernel.
Coupling Modes and Stoichiometry of Cl−/HCO3 − Exchange by slc26a3 and slc26a6

The SLC26 transporters are a family of mostly luminal Cl− and HCO3 − transporters. The transport mechanism and the Cl−/HCO3 − stoichiometry are not known for any member of the family. To address these questions, we simultaneously measured the HCO3 − and Cl− fluxes and the current or membrane potential of slc26a3 and slc26a6 expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and the current of the transporters expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. slc26a3 mediates a coupled 2Cl−/1HCO3 − exchanger. The membrane potential modulated the apparent affinity for extracellular Cl− of Cl−/HCO3 − exchange by slc26a3. Interestingly, the replacement of Cl− with NO3 − or SCN− uncoupled the transport, with large NO3 − and SCN− currents and low HCO3 − transport. An apparent uncoupled current was also developed during the incubation of slc26a3-expressing oocytes in HCO3 −-buffered Cl−-free media. These findings were used to develop a turnover cycle for Cl− and HCO3 − transport by slc26a3. Cl− and HCO3 − flux measurements revealed that slc26a6 mediates a 1Cl−/2HCO3 − exchange. Accordingly, holding the membrane potential at 40 and −100 mV accelerated and inhibited, respectively, Cl−-mediated HCO3 − influx, and holding the membrane potential at −100 mV increased HCO3 −-mediated Cl− influx. These findings indicate that slc26a6 functions as a coupled 1Cl−/2HCO3 − exchanger. The significance of isoform-specific Cl− and HCO3 − transport stoichiometry by slc26a3 and slc26a6 is discussed in the context of diseases of epithelial Cl− absorption and HCO3 − secretion.
The effects of the KEEP foster parent training intervention on child externalizing and internalizing problems

Children in foster care are at risk for externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. The KEEP foster parent training intervention has been found to effectively reduce parental reports of daily child behavior problems. The aims of this investigation were to (a) examine the effectiveness of the KEEP intervention at reducing behavior problems among children in foster care, as assessed by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), during implementation of the intervention by a community agency using a randomized design and (b) determine whether the intervention is effective at reducing internalizing forms of behavior problems. Foster and kinship families were randomly assigned to either the KEEP intervention or usual services. The KEEP intervention was delivered by a community agency. Child behavior problems were assessed via the CBCL at baseline and at the end of the intervention (4 months after baseline). Data from 310 foster and kinship families with children aged between 5 and 12 years were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling. The KEEP intervention was effective at reducing the proportion of children in the borderline group for rule-breaking between baseline and follow-up. The intervention was also effective at reducing internalizing problems, as indicated by reductions in internalizing raw scores and the proportion of children in the borderline group over the course of the intervention. These findings suggest the KEEP intervention can provide foster parents with the tools to manage a broad range of behavior problems even as the intervention was delivered by a community agency.
Arthroereisis in flexible flatfoot in youths

Flexible flatfoot is a common defect in children and adults. Up to about the age of 10, the longitudinal arch of the foot can be spontaneously reproduced and does not require treatment. After the age of 10 with the co-occurrence of pain, arthroereisis can be performed, i.e. limiting the excessive pronation by an implant located in the tarsal sinus region. This treatment is simple, without serious complications with very good outcomes.
Research on Output Voltage Ripple of Boost DC/DC Converters

Voltage Ripples (OVR) in three modes are analyzed, respectively. It is pointed out that the converter in CISM has the smallest output voltage ripple independent of the inductance, while that in IISM-CCM and IISM-DCM has rather larger output voltage ripple that is increasing with the decrease of inductance. The maximum of output voltage ripple in various operating mode is obtained. It is also pointed out that the minimum inductance to guarantee the lowest output voltage ripple is the critical inductance of CISM and IISM. I. INTRODUCTION With the development of the electronic technology, low cost and convenient electronic equipments are springing up, in which batteries or a low voltage power source is widely applied, however, the voltage grades of the system are various. Therefore, there is no doubt that Boost converter will be widely used in these systems [1~2]. In the existing literatures, the operating mode of a Boost converter is usually divided into Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) and Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) [3~9] , and the output voltage ripple is independent of the inductance of the inductor when a Boost converter works in the CCM [9]. However, many experiment results indicate that the output voltage ripple of a Boost converter in CCM increases with the decreasing of the inductance in the case of small inductance. Thus, to design the inductance according to traditional knowledge can't ensure the converter to meet the desired requirements. In fact, since the inductor of a Boost converter is in the input part, the energy transmission process from the input to the output becomes more complicated than the published knowledge. Therefore, it is also necessary to further study the energy transmission mode of a Boost converter. As for an optimal design of Boost DC-DC converter, especially the design of intrinsically safe switching power supply applied in flammable and explosive conditions (to
Ventral tegmental area activation promotes firing precision and strength through circuit inhibition in the primary auditory cortex

The activation of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) can rebuild the tonotopic representation in the primary auditory cortex (A1), but the cellular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the firing patterns and membrane potential dynamics of neurons in A1 under the influence of VTA activation using in vivo intracellular recording. We found that VTA activation can significantly reduce the variability of sound evoked responses and promote the firing precision and strength of A1 neurons. Furthermore, the compressed response window was caused by an early hyperpolarization as a result of enhanced circuit inhibition. Our study suggested a possible mechanism of how the reward system affects information processing in sensory cortex: VTA activation strengthens cortical inhibition, which shortens the response window of post-synaptic cortical neurons and further promotes the precision and strength of neuronal activity.
Spectrum sensing review in cognitive radio

Cognitive Radio having the great key mechanism of enabling spectrum awareness in the Spectrum sensing. This paper deals with spectrum sensing methods used in a cognitive radio is presented and also deals disadvantages and advantages facing each sensing method. Cognitive radio facing many feature difficulties in spectrum sensing and those are measured by multi-dimensional spectrum sensing. Those tasks are enabling and revised these spectrum sensing approaches. Other alternative methods like Statistical sensing algorithms also discussed here. Moreover, statistical modelling of network utilization and also traffic models are used for estimation of primary user performance. Spectrum sensing uses dynamic spectrum model without troubling the primary users. This may improves the radio frequency usage of spectrum and it is done when both unlicensed and licensed reducing interference and also by usage of licensed users for identifying the white spaces. The concurrence of these circumstances can produce a commands where the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is below the level of detection threshold by use of sensor, and it missed detections at final result. The concept spectrum sensing is important to secondary users in cognitive radio to operate without interfering the primary users. Final review shows cooperative sensing spectrum can improve the performance of cognitive radio network by increasing the efficiency spectrum and providing a detection accuracy better. These benefits come at the cost of increased traffic overhead, complexity, power consumption, and the need for control channels. The idea of cognitive radio is planned to address the issue faced in spectrum efficiency and it provides wireless users to adapt their operating factors and dealings with the help of adjacent radio environment.
02 20 7 v 1 2 2 Fe b 20 07 Resonance Theory of Decoherence and Thermalization

We present a rigorous analysis of the phenomenon of decoherence for general N−level systems coupled to reservoirs. The latter are described by free massless bosonic fields. We apply our general results to the specific cases of the qubit and the quantum register. We compare our results with the explicitly solvable case of systems whose interaction with the environment does not allow for energy exchange (non-demolition, or energy conserving interactions). We suggest a new approach which applies to a wide variety of systems which are not explicitly solvable.
Decision Making and Decision Support in Translation

One reason why computer-based support systems have so far contributed little to translation practice beyond ordinary text processing and database handling tools is that few computational linguists are aware of the linguistic issues which underlie the most cumbersome components in translation. A translator is frequently faced with genuine decision making; the frequency depends on the text type and the language pair, but typically this sub-task stands for the major eeort and time consumption in professional translation. Translators need decision support more urgently than aid to retrieve and operate on pre-established lexical and grammatical facts. The matter is discussed against the background of the ongoing large-scale schemes for translating the bulk of existing European Community legislation into the languages of the countries now candidating for membership in the Community. Tools have been or are being designed for the translators, revisors, legal experts and language consultants involved in these schemes. One is described in a project note presented to COLING 94 (Karlgren et al, 1994). \Distorsion" Desired In a discussion at the COLING Conference on Computational Linguistics, about schemes to evaluate experimentally diierent machine translation systems, Alan Melby warned against the \distorsion" introduced if participant system designers were permitted to see the source texts beforehand and amend their systems accordingly. He was right, of course: when claiming full automation, it is cheating to modify the instrument ad hoc. One could look at it also the other way: Since every text is unique anyhow, one of the most important features of a translation system in practice is how readily it can be thus \distorted".
The Relationship Between Motor Skills, Psychosocial Adjustment and Peer Victimization in School-Aged Children

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between childrens’ motor competence, psychosocial adjustment, peer victimization, physical activity participation and obesity. Using the Elaborated Environmental Stress Hypothesis as the framework, we hypothesized that multiple stressors influence children with poor motor competence and that the pathway from motor competence to psychosocial maladjustment is more complex than initially thought. A sample of child-parent dyads (n = 51; children ages 7 to 10 years), were recruited from two educational institutions in Sudbury, Ontario. Child participants completed self-report measures on peer victimization, depression symptoms, loneliness and anxiety symptoms across five dimensions (social phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, separation anxiety, panic disorder and generalized anxiety). Child participants also completed the Test of Gross Motor Development-3. Parent participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and a questionnaire on their child’s levels of participation in physical activity. For boys, Pearson product-moment correlations revealed that lower motor competence was significantly related to depressive symptoms, social phobia, separation anxiety symptoms, loneliness and peer victimization. For girls, lower motor competence was significantly related to separation anxiety symptoms and loneliness. No correlations were found between motor competence, weight status and physical activity participation. Findings are consistent with previous literature. These findings suggest that (1) boys are more psychosocially affected and victimized than girls when measured against motor competence and, (2) children are experiencing these issues as early as age 7, which is a time when children are starting to build social relationships. More research is required strengthen these findings.
Dance and Neurorehabilitation—Mixed-Methods Research Models

Dance is an integrative, multimodal activity that has historic connections to the preservation and maintenance of health. Research on dance interventions is challenging, however, due to the complex, holistic aspects of a dance experience and the use of improvisational elements that make controlling for variables and comparisons between groups extremely difficult. Studies to this point have relied on self-reports and other qualitative measures, and subsequently dance is often overlooked in evidence-based studies on rehabilitation. We model an attempt to measure neuromodulation associated with participation in a dance intervention specific to a population reporting with diagnosed depression; changes in individual alpha peak power (iAPP) detected by EEG are correlated with data pertaining to behaviour and mood, as well as participants’ responses to questionnaires and the therapist’s movement observations. This pilot study builds on data gathered from the Dancing with Parkinson’s program at Canada’s National Ballet School (NBS) in Toronto, in which our lab detected changes in the alpha band and changes with lower depression scores after just one dance class, as well as over the course of the 12- week program.
TPC-H benchmarking of Pig Latin on a Hadoop cluster

Several companies report success stories after migration from relational database management systems to NoSQL systems (Not only SQL). The latter seem to take over in most data storage fields. These technologies must be used properly, and businesses must be aware of the limitations of NoSQL, for providing real benefits. Pig Latin is a high-level language for expressing data analysis programs, and implementing the MapReduce framework on top of Hadoop Distributed File System. This paper benchmarks Pig Latin using the well known TPC-H benchmark -a Decision Support System benchmark, and reports performance results for different settings on GRID5000 clusters.
Weighted Least Squares Scheme for Reducing Effects of Outliers in Regression based on Extreme Learning Machine

Neural networks have been massively used in regression problems due to their ability to approximate complex nonlinear mappings directly from input patterns. However, collected data for training networks often include outliers which affect final results. This paper presents an approach for training single hidden-layer feedforward neural networks (SLFNs) using weighted least-squares scheme which reduces the effects of outliers. The proposed training method is based on an efficient training algorithm called extreme learning machine (ELM), in which input network weights including hidden layer biases are randomly assigned and output network weights are analytically determined by Moore-Penrose generalized inverse of hidden-layer output matrix. However, instead of being weighted equally, penalties corresponding to training patterns are weighted so that patterns with larger penalty weights contribute more to the detection of output network weights. Experiment results show that this approach can obtain good performance in regression with training sets existing outliers.
A simple Bayes factor for testing measurement-theoretic axioms

A lot of models used to represent preferences or other relations have been characterized in the framework of measurement theory. To assess the empirical validity of one of these models, we can either test the model itself or test the axioms characterizing it. When a model is rejected, the latter approach has the advantage of indicating why it is rejected. The available statistical techniques for testing measurementtheoretic axioms are complex and not always satisficing. In this paper, we present a new statistical technique based on a Bayes factor, very simple and flexible.
Composition and function of P bodies in Arabidopsis thaliana

mRNA accumulation is tightly regulated by diverse molecular pathways. The identification and characterization of enzymes and regulatory proteins involved in controlling the fate of mRNA offers the possibility to broaden our understanding of posttranscriptional gene regulation. Processing bodies (P bodies, PB) are cytoplasmic protein complexes involved in degradation and translational arrest of mRNA. Composition and dynamics of these subcellular structures have been studied in animal systems, yeasts and in the model plant Arabidopsis. Their assembly implies the aggregation of specific factors related to decapping, deadenylation, and exoribonucleases that operate synchronously to regulate certain mRNA targets during development and adaptation to stress. Although the general function of PB along with the flow of genetic information is understood, several questions still remain open. This review summarizes data on the composition, potential molecular roles, and biological significance of PB and potentially related proteins in Arabidopsis.
Outflowing material in the compact steep-spectrum source quasar 3C 48 : evidence of jet-cloud interaction?

We report on the detection of a z abs = 0.3654 associated absorption-line system in the ultraviolet spectrum of the compact steep-spectrum source (CSS) quasar 3C 48. The absorbing material is blueshifted with respect to the quasar emission-line redshift, z em = 0.3700, suggesting an outflow velocity of ∼1000 km s -1 . We detect absorption lines over a range of ionization states from Lyβ, Lyγ, C iv, N iv, S vi to O vi and possibly O iv and Ne VIII. The kinematical properties of the absorption-line system are similar to the blueshifted emission-line gas seen in [O III] A5007, which is believed to have interacted with the radio jet. We study the properties of the absorbing material using CLOUDY and find that photoionization models with solar abundance ratios (with overall metallicity in the range 0.1 ≤ Z/Z ○. ≤ 1.3) are enough to explain the observed column densities of all the species except Ne VIII, detection of which requires confirmation. Because the cooling and recombination time for the gas is ∼10 5 yr, the consistency with the photoionization models suggests that any possible interaction of absorbing material with the jet must have taken place before ∼10 5 yr. The abundance ratio of nitrogen to carbon is close to solar values, unlike in the case of most quasars, especially at high redshifts, which have supersolar values. We observed 3C 48 with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) to search for redshifted 21-cm HI absorption. We did not detect any significant features in our spectra and estimate the 3σ upper limit to the optical depth to be in the range 0.001-0.003. However, due to the diffuse nature of the radio source, optical depths as high as 0.1 towards individual knots or compact components cannot be ruled out.
Results of Year-Round Remotely Sensed Integrated Water Vapor by Ground-Based Microwave Radiometry

Based on two years of measurements with a time resolution of 1 min, some climatological findings on precipitable water vapor (PWV) and cloud liquid water (CLW) in central Europe are given. A weak diurnal cycle is apparent. The mean overall diurnal variation was about 0.15 cm in summer and 0.05 cm in winter, equivalent to 8% and 5%, respectively. The PWV increase starts in summer at about 0800 local time and has a maximum of about 0.02 cm h21 between 1000 and 1500 local time, equivalent to about 1% PWV h21. There was, on average, no PWV variation during the night in winter. PWV decreased in winter during the morning with a maximum of 0.01 cm h21 and increased in the afternoon with a maximum of 0.01 cm h21. Thus, the accuracy of the monthly means of PWV based on monitoring systems with low-time resolution (satellites, radiosondes) is only slightly affected by the diurnal course of PWV in central Europe. On average an increase in PWV and CLW was found in the 30-min interval before precipitation in summer. The PWV increase was, however, only about 0.1 cm or 5% of PWV within the last 2 h before rain. The corresponding CLW increase was 0.1 mm, which is considerable as precipitation was observed when CLW reached 0.3‐0.4 mm.
Finding Celebrities in Billions of Web Images

In this paper, we present a face annotation system to automatically collect and label celebrity faces from the web. With the proposed system, we have constructed a large-scale dataset called “Celebrities on the Web,” which contains 2.45 million distinct images of 421 436 celebrities and is orders of magnitude larger than previous datasets. Collecting and labeling such a large-scale dataset pose great challenges on current multimedia mining methods. In this work, a two-step face annotation approach is proposed to accomplish this task. In the first step, an image annotation system is proposed to label an input image with a list of celebrities. To utilize the noisy textual data, we construct a large-scale celebrity name vocabulary to identify candidate names from the surrounding text. Moreover, we expand the scope of analysis to the surrounding text of webpages hosting near-duplicates of the input image. In the second step, the celebrity names are assigned to the faces by label propagation on a facial similarity graph. To cope with the large variance in the facial appearances, a context likelihood is proposed to constrain the name assignment process. In an evaluation on 21 735 faces, both the image annotation system and name assignment algorithm significantly outperform previous techniques.