Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hyperspectral Target Detection Improvement Based on Noise Reduction and Spectral-Spatial Methods Composition

SUMMARY Specifications and complexities of data resulting from Hyperspectral sensors effect to new and more advanced analysis methods of remote sensing images in order to extraction of more accursed and complete information from Hyperspectral data be concerned, one of the analysis which done on Hyperspectral images, is Target Detection. In order to providing the accuracy of spectral target detection in this research, we use three different procedures. They are decreasing noise and spectral correlation of Hyperspectral images by the use of algorithm MNF(Minimum Noise Fraction), compounding the detection algorithms by the use of ANFIS(Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) method and finally the spectral-spatial target detection in which we use the spatial correlation of data along the spectral data. We assessed the above mentioned procedures on two cases: initial image and decreased noise-spectral correlation image. The result of quantitative and qualitative assessments of tests showed that through the improvement detection procedures in this research, the procedure of compounding detection algorithm on the initial image and the assessing algorithms of decreased noise-spectral correlation image have respectively more and less effect on providing the target detection accuracy.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Poly(Sodium 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonate-co-Styrene)/Magnetite Nanoparticle Composites as Corrosion Inhibitors for Steel

Self-stabilized magnetic polymeric composite nanoparticles of coated poly-(sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate-co-styrene)/magnetite (PAMPS-Na-co-St/Fe3O4) were prepared by emulsifier-free miniemulsion polymerization using styrene (St) as a monomer, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid sodium salt (AMPS-Na) as an ionic comonomer, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as crosslinker, hexadecane (HD) as a hydrophobic solvent, and 2,2-azodiisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator in the presence of hydrophobic oleic acid coated magnetite particles. Hydrophobic oleic acid coated magnetite particles with an average size of about 7-10 nm were prepared with the new modified water-based magnetite ferrofluid, synthesized by a chemical modified coprecipitation method. The morphology and the particle size distributions of the crosslinked PAMPS-Na-co-St/Fe3O4 composite were observed and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The average Fe3O4 content of PAMPS-Na-co-St/Fe3O4 was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The inhibitory action of PAMPS-Na-co-St/Fe3O4 towards steel corrosion in 1 M HCl solutions has been investigated by polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. Polarization measurements indicate that PAMPS-Na-co-St/Fe3O4 acts as a mixed type-inhibitor and the inhibition efficiency increases with inhibitor concentration. The results of potentiodynamic polarization and EIS measurements clearly showed that the inhibition mechanism involves blocking of the steel surface by inhibitor molecules via adsorption.
A stable beneficial symbiotic relationship between endophytic fungus Schizophyllum commune and host plant Panax ginseng

Endophytes and plants can establish specific long-term symbiosis through the accumulation of secondary metabolites. Interactions between microbial inhabitants represent a novel area of study for natural products research. In this study, a strain of endophyte 3R-2 that can enhance the biomass and contents of ginsenoside Rc, ginsenoside Rg2 and ginsenoside Rg3 of Panax ginseng hairy roots was screened out via HPLC, which was identified as Schizophyllum commune through the morphological and molecular identification. On the base, we found the infection of the endophyte were obviously observed widely in the P. ginseng and the strain formed a stable relationship with P. ginseng hairy roots in parenchyma cells around through tissues embedding slicing, HE ammonium silver staining and immunofluorescence staining. On the other hand, elicitors of fungus 3R-2 can also significantly promote hairy root growth and contents of several ginsenosides, even several times higher than 3R-2 mycelium did. Moreover, S. commune 3R-2 mycelium and its elicitor could enhance the transcriptional activity of key genes during the ginsenosides biosynthetic pathway dramatically. Thus, endophyte S. commune 3R-2 and its elicitor change the chemical substance content by regulating the expression of genes involved in the secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathway.
Comparative study between subband and standard ICA/BSS method in context with EEG signal for movement imagery classification

This paper work exploits the effectiveness of subband Independent component analysis(ICA)/blind source separation (BSS) in context with EEG signals over the standard ICA/BSS method. The estimated separating matrix by both methods is further subjected to the EOG corrected EEG signals for the extraction of the temporally decorrelated EEG signals. We propose the novel method for automatic selection of the temporally decorrelated /independent components, which have maximum discriminatory information (that captures the phenomenon of ERD and ERS) among the signal subspace components of signal space. The performance of the proposed method has been evaluated by classification accuracy and Cohen's kappa coefficient (k).
High-quality reflections, refractions, and caustics in Augmented Reality and their contribution to visual coherence

In this paper we present a novel high-quality rendering system for Augmented Reality (AR). We study ray-tracing based rendering techniques in AR with the goal of achieving real-time performance and improving visual quality as well as visual coherence between real and virtual objects in a final composited image. A number of realistic and physically correct rendering effects are demonstrated, that have not been presented in real-time AR environments before. Examples are high-quality specular effects such as caustics, refraction, reflection, together with a depth of field effect and anti-aliasing. We present a new GPU implementation of photon mapping and its application for the calculation of caustics in environments where real and virtual objects are combined. The composited image is produced on-the-fly without the need of any preprocessing step. A main contribution of our work is the achievement of interactive rendering speed for high-quality ray-tracing algorithms in AR setups. Finally we performed an evaluation to study how users perceive visual quality and visual coherence with different realistic rendering effects. The results of our user study show that in 40.1% cases users mistakenly judged virtual objects as real ones. Moreover we show that high-quality rendering positively affects the perceived visual coherence.
Increased high‐affinity phosphodiesterase PDE2 gene expression in germ tubes counteracts CAP1‐dependent synthesis of cyclic AMP, limits hypha production and promotes virulence of Candida albicans

Frequent interconversion between yeasts, pseudohyphae and true hyphae is a hallmark of Candida albicans growth in mammalian tissues. The requirement for transient CAP1‐dependent pulses of cAMP for generating true hyphae, Hwp1 and virulence raises questions about the role of yeast and pseudohyphal forms in the pathogenesis of candidiasis. In this study, hyperfilamentous mutants, limited in their capacity to produce buds, were generated by disrupting the high‐affinity phosphodiesterase gene PDE2. Degradation of cAMP by the PDE2 gene product was confirmed by higher basal cAMP levels in the pde2/pde2 mutant and by accumulation of cAMP to levels permitting germ tube formation upon disrupting PDE2 in the cap1/cap1 mutant. Similar phenotypes of the C. albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae pde2/pde2 mutants were found, including sensitivity to nutritional starvation and exogenous cAMP and defective entry into stationary phase. Importantly, the hyperfilamentous mutants were as avirulent as hypofilamentous mutants in a systemic model of candidiasis. Growth in a multiplicity of forms appears to be a virulence attribute that is controlled by tight coupling of cAMP synthesis and degradation. Delayed increases in PDE2 mRNA in cAMP‐deficient cap1/cap1 mutants during germ tube‐inducing conditions suggested a mechanism of control involving cAMP‐dependent induction of PDE2 mRNA.
Secure Authentication for Structured Smart Grid System

An important application area for M2M (Machine to Machine) or IoT (Internet of Things) technology is smart grid system which plays an important role in electric power transmission, electricity distribution, and demand-driven control for the energy. To make the smart grid system more reliable and stable, security is the major issue to be provided with the main technologies. In this work, we propose an authentication mechanism between the utility system and the smart meters which gather the energy consumption data from electrical devices in layered smart grid system. Our proposal enhances the smart grid system integrity, availability and robustness by providing security with low overhead.
Evolutionary psychology, the easy way

When describing our careers and interests to others, students and practitioners of evolutionary psychology face a challenge that dentists or English teachers don’t—many people have no idea what evolutionary psychology is! In the frequent event that somebody asks me to define EP, I generally have a canned response which I rattle off which is usually sufficient to settle most inquiries. But what about those people who are intrigued and want to know more? You could refer them to a thorough introductory textbook like David Buss’s (2011) or Daly and Wilson’s (1983). Or, you could suggest some of the terrific popular-market books on the subject like Pinker’s How the Mind Works (1997) or Dawkins’ The Selfish Gene (1976). If they truly have the time and inclination, they will pick up one of these excellent works and be that much more fulfilled and knowledgeable for having done so. But in the fast-paced world of the 21 century, in which everyone seems to have more to do than they can fit into the day, few are likely to appreciate being assigned three-hundred pages of scientific reading just so they can understand what it is you do, and fewer still are actually going to do it. If only there were a short, light, readerfriendly intro to EP which could be read cover-to-cover in under an hour! Introducing Evolutionary Psychology: A Graphic Guide, originally released in 1999 and recently republished in a new edition, is just such an item – one of over fifty in the Introducing series of books, which covers scads of topics from Aesthetics (Kul-Want, 2007) to Wittgenstein (Heaton & Groves, 1995). It is written by University College Cork lecturer Dylan Evans (although he was a Ph.D. student at the London School of Economics at the time of authorship) and illustrated by Oscar Zarate, an Introducing series regular. As the name implies, each book in the series is designed as an accessible crash course in the eponymous topic for those completely unfamiliar with it. The books are small, almost pocket-sized, and each page contains one or two short paragraphs accompanied by a full-page black and white illustration, usually in cartoon style and often tongue-in-cheek. The format is fun and simple, and it precludes the reader becoming overwhelmed by large chunks of text and dense verbiage. The book begins by describing EP as the junction between the disciplines of evolutionary biology and cognitive psychology and briefly running through the
Host defence peptides: antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity and potential applications for tackling antibiotic-resistant infections

The rapidly increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant infections and the alarmingly low rate of discovery of conventional antibiotics create an urgent need for alternative strategies to treat bacterial infections. Host defence peptides are short cationic molecules produced by the immune systems of most multicellular organisms; they are a class of compounds being actively researched. In this review, we provide an overview of the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities of natural host defence peptides, and discuss strategies for creating artificial derivatives with improved biological and pharmacological properties, issues of microbial resistance, and challenges associated with their adaptation for clinical use.
Regulation of Expansin Gene Expression Affects Growth and Development in Transgenic Rice Plants Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.011965.

To investigate the in vivo functions of expansins, we generated transgenic rice plants that express sense and antisense constructs of the expansin gene OsEXP4. In adult plants with constitutive OsEXP4 expression, 12% of overexpressors were taller and 88% were shorter than the average control plants, and most overexpressors developed at least two additional leaves. Antisense plants were shorter and flowered earlier than the average control plants. In transgenic plants with inducible OsEXP4 expression, we observed a close correlation between OsEXP4 protein levels and seedling growth. Coleoptile and mesocotyl length increased by up to 31 and 97%, respectively, in overexpressors, whereas in antisense seedlings, they decreased by up to 28 and 43%, respectively. The change in seedling growth resulted from corresponding changes in cell size, which in turn appeared to be a function of altered cell wall extensibility. Our results support the hypothesis that expansins are involved in enhancing growth by mediating cell wall loosening.
Racist Ordering, Settler Colonialism, and edTPA

This article tells the story of an intervention by a collective of teacher educators on New York State’s adoption of edTPA. Too often in education policy analysis, issues of race are discussed briefly, if at all. This article argues that attending to constructions of race specific to settler colonialism is an important approach to education policy analysis.
Rheumatoid arthritis versus diabetes as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study, the CARRÉ Investigation

Objectives: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased cardiovascular risk, but the magnitude of this risk is not known precisely. A study was undertaken to investigate the associations between RA and type 2 diabetes (DM2), a well-established cardiovascular risk factor, on the one hand, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) on the other. Methods: The prevalence of CVD (coronary, cerebral and peripheral arterial disease) was determined in 353 randomly selected outpatients with RA (diagnosed between 1989 and 2001, aged 50–75 years; the CARRÉ study) and in participants of a population-based cohort study on diabetes and CVD (the Hoorn study). Patients with RA with normal fasting glucose levels from the CARRÉ study (RA, n = 294) were compared with individuals from the Hoorn study with normal glucose metabolism (non-diabetic, n = 258) and individuals with DM2 (DM2, n = 194). Results: The prevalence of CVD was 5.0% (95% CI 2.3% to 7.7%) in the non-diabetic group, 12.4% (95% CI 7.5% to 17.3%) in the DM2 group and 12.9% (95% CI 8.8% to 17.0%) in those with RA. With non-diabetic individuals as the reference category, the age- and gender-adjusted prevalence odds ratio (OR) for CVD was 2.3 (95% CI 1.1 to 4.7) for individuals with DM2 and 3.1 (95% CI 1.6 to 6.1) for those with RA. There was an attenuation of the prevalences after adjustment for conventional cardiovascular risk factors (OR 2.0 (95% CI 0.9 to 4.5) and 2.7 (95% CI 1.2 to 5.9), respectively). Conclusions: The prevalence of CVD in RA is increased to an extent that is at least comparable to that of DM2. This should have implications for primary cardiovascular prevention strategies in RA.
A self-adaptive blanking circuit for IGBT short-circuit protection based on VCE measurement

In order to determine whether the IGBT short-circuit fault occurs, the collector-emitter voltage VCE of an IGBT has been detected in the IGBT gate drivers. The blanking circuit is needed in this kind of protection method to avoid the malfunction of the short-circuit protection during IGBT turn-on transient. However, this blanking circuit should be carefully designed for different types of IGBT modules. In order to make the IGBT short-circuit protection circuit suitable for the tolerance of IGBT modules, a self-adaptive blanking circuit combined with the aforementioned short-circuit protection method based on VCE measurement is proposed. The analysis of the proposed circuit is given, and the experimental results are included to prove the effectiveness of the proposed circuit.
Joint Optimization of Transmission-Order Selection and Channel Allocation for Bidirectional Wireless Links—Part II: Algorithms

This is the second in a two-part series of papers on transmission order (TO) optimization in the presence of channel allocation (CA), i.e., joint optimization of the TO selection and CA problem, for interfering bidirectional wireless links. Part I of this paper thoroughly analyzes the joint optimization problem from a game theoretic perspective for a general deterministic setting. Here in Part II, we present novel distributed and centralized CA-TO algorithms, together with their performance analysis, for Device-to-Device (D2D) communications underlaying cellular networks based on the findings in Part I of this paper. Here, TO is a novel dimension for optimization. In Part II, we propose and analyze novel two distributed and one centralized joint CA-TO algorithms. Our investigations show that: i) our algorithms contain many of the existing TO algorithms and CA algorithms as its special cases and can thus be considered as a general framework for the joint CA and TO optimization. The computer simulations for TDD-based D2D communications underlaying cellular network show that the proposed distributed and centralized joint CA-TO algorithms remarkably outperform the reference algorithms.
Variance components, heritability estimates, and breeding values for performance test traits in Old Kladruber horses

The Old Kladruber horse is an important Czech genetic resource. In the current study, two categories of traits were evaluated – the first, a numerical score for Type and Gender Expression and the second, 11 traits describing performance divided into four categories: (1) Rideability (Overall Impression, Rideability), (2) Gaits (Walk, Trot, Canter), (3) Carriage Drivability (Dressage Test, Obstacle Driving Test, Marathon Test), and (4) Reliability in Tug (First Tug, Second Tug, Third Tug). The original data set contained records from 700 individuals from the period 1995–2014, each horse having 3–5 performance evaluations for the suite of traits. Our objective was to identify a suitable model for the estimation of genetic parameters and prediction of breeding values. Only one model was examined for the Type and Gender Expression trait, whereas three models were compared for the analysis of each performance trait. Criteria for choosing the most appropriate model were minimal values for the deviance information criterion (DIC) statistics, low ratios of residual variance to phenotypic variance, and maximal heritability estimates. The heritability estimate for Type and Gender Expression was 0.18. For the performance traits, the model with the fewest sources of variation (model 1) was more appropriate than two alternatives with more sources of variation. Heritability estimates from this model ranged from 0.08 to 0.40, while estimates for various performance traits from the other models were in the range 0.08–0.24. Low heritabilities for several of the performance traits suggested that selection for their genetic improvement would likely be unsuccessful. In order to maintain genetic variability, inbreeding, and fitness in the Old Kladruber population we suggest to use breeding value estimation using the heritabilities and the method presented in this paper.
Genetic diversity within the R408W phenylketonuria mutation lineages in Europe

The R408W phenylketonuria mutation in Europe has arisen by recurrent mutation in the human phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) locus and is associated with two major PAH haplotypes. R408W‐2.3 exhibits a west‐to‐east cline of relative frequency reaching its maximum in the Balto–Slavic region, while R408W‐1.8 exhibits an east‐to‐west cline peaking in Connacht, the most westerly province of Ireland. Spatial autocorrelation analysis has demonstrated that the R408W‐2.3 cline, like that of R408W‐1.8, is consistent with a pattern likely to have been established by human dispersal. Genetic diversity within wild‐type and R408W chromosomes in Europe was assessed through variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) nucleotide sequence variation and tetranucleotide short tandem repeat (STR) allelic associations. Wild‐type VNTR‐8 chromosomes exhibited two major cassette sequence organizations: (a1)5‐b3‐b2‐c1 and (a1)5‐b5‐b2‐c1. R408W‐1.8 was predominantly associated with (a1)5‐B5‐B2‐C1. Both wild‐type vntr‐3 and r408w‐2.3 chromosomes exhibited a single invariant cassette sequence organization, a2‐b2‐c1. STR allele distributions associated with the cassette variants were consistent with greater diversity in the wild‐type VNTR‐8 lineage and were suggestive of different levels of diversity between R408W‐1.8 and R408W‐2.3. The finding of greater genetic diversity within the wild‐type VNTR‐8 lineage compared to VNTR‐3 suggests that VNTR‐8 may be older within the European population. However, in the absence of a more extensive STR data‐set, no such conclusions are possible for the respective R408W mutant lineages. Hum Mutat 21:387–393, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Graph-based Method for Summarized Storyline Generation in Twitter

Twitter has become a leading source of real-time world-wide information and a great medium for exploring emerging events, breaking news and general topics which most matter to a broad audience. On the other hand, the explosive rate of incoming information in Twitter leads users to experience information overload. Whereas, a significant fraction of tweets are about news events, summarizing the storyline of events can be helpful for users to easily access to the relevant and key information hidden among tweets and thereby draw high level conclusions. Storytelling is the task of providing chronological summaries of significant sub-events development and sketching the relationship between sub-events. In this paper, we propose a novel framework to generate a summarized storyline of news events from social point of view. Utilizing the concepts in graph-theory, we identify sub-events, summarize the evolution of sub-events and generate a coherent storyline of them. Our approach models a storyline as a directed tree of social salient sub-events evolving over time. To overcome the enormous number of redundant tweets, we keep distilled information in super-tweets. Experiments performed on a large scale data set from tweets sent during the Iranian Presidential Election (#IranElection) and the results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our framework.