Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The HEXACO personality profile of musicians

While it is reasonable to assume that the passion and drive toward musicianship has its roots within the personality, there are few studies focusing on the relationship between musical practice and personality and their findings are often contradictory. The aim of this study is to explore the differences in personality traits between musicians and nonmusicians. Altogether 355 responders participated in our research (MAge = 31, SD = 12.4), 189 musicians and 166 nonmusicians. We used the HEXACO Personality Inventory - Revised (HEXACO-PI-R) questionnaire for measuring the traits of the six-factor model of personality. Multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that musicians scored significantly higher on Honesty-Humility and Openness, while nonmusicians scored higher on Emotionality. Binary logistic regressions with stepwise method showed that the main personality facets which differentiate between musicians and nonmusicians are Aesthetic Appreciation, Creativity, Social Self-Esteem, Fearfulness, Greed Avoidance, and Organization. The explained variance of the model ranged between 15.6% and 26%. Our analysis shows that there are several important personality-based features of the six-factor model of personality that could help to efficiently differentiate between musicians and nonmusicians.
Underspecification in time

Abstract Substance-free phonology or SFP (Reiss 2017) has renewed interest in the question of abstraction in phonology. Perhaps the most common form of abstraction through the absence of substance is underspecification, where some aspects of speech lack representation in memorized representations, within the phonology or in the phonetic implementation (Archangeli 1988, Keating 1988, Lahiri and Reetz 2010 among many others). The fundamental basis for phonology is argued to be a mental model of speech events in time, following Raimy (2000) and Papillon (2020). Each event can have properties (one-place predicates that are true of the event), which include the usual phonological features, and also structural entities for extended events like moras and syllables. Features can be bound together in an event, yielding segment-like properties. Pairs of events can be ordered in time by the temporal logic precedence relation represented by ‘<’. Events, features and precedence form a directed multigraph structure with edges in the graph interpreted as “maybe next”. Some infant bimodal speech perception results are examined using this framework, arguing for underspecification in time in the developing phonological representations.
Early ocular surface and tear film status in congenital aniridia indicates a supportive treatment window

Aim To evaluate changes in the ocular surface and tear film with age and mutational status in congenital aniridia. Methods 45 participants with congenital aniridia (89 eyes) in a prospective, cross-sectional study. Whole-exome sequencing identified the causative mutation. Examinations included slit-lamp biomicroscopy, in vivo confocal microscopy, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score, blink rate, Schirmer I test, Oxford Staining Score (OSS), tear film break-up time (TFBUT) and Ocular Protection Index (OPI). Results There were age-dependent increases in OSDI (β=0.34, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.66; p=0.030), blink rate (β=0.18, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.27; p<0.001) and OSS (β=0.05, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.07; p<0.001) and age-dependent reductions in tear production (β=−0.23, 95% CI −0.43 to 0.02; p=0.029) and TFBUT (β=−0.10, 95% CI −0.17 to –0.04; p<0.001). Perturbed OSDI, OSS, blink rate, tear production and TFBUT were noted after the age of ten and OSDI, OSS, blink rate and TFBUT correlated with deficient corneal nerves and limbal stem cell function. OSDI, blink rate, Schirmer, OSS, TFBUT and OPI were not associated with type of PAX6 mutation, but OSDI, OSS and blink rate associated with grade of aniridia-associated keratopathy. Conclusions Ocular surface damage and dry eye signs appear in congenital aniridia regardless of mutation, appearing after 10 years of age and progressing thereafter. An early treatment window may exist for therapies to protect the ocular surface homoeostasis and limbal function, to possibly delay keratopathy development and progression.
Pattern recognition with simple oscillating circuits

Neural network devices that inherently possess parallel computing capabilities are generally difficult to construct because of the large number of neuron–neuron connections. However, there exists a theoretical approach (Hoppensteadt and Izhikevich 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 2983) that forgoes the individual connections and uses only a global coupling: systems of weakly coupled oscillators with a time-dependent global coupling are capable of performing pattern recognition in an associative manner similar to Hopfield networks. The information is stored in the phase shifts of the individual oscillators. However, to date, even the feasibility of controlling phase shifts with this kind of coupling has not yet been established experimentally. We present an experimental realization of this neural network device. It consists of eight sinusoidal electrical van der Pol oscillators that are globally coupled through a variable resistor with the electric potential as the coupling variable. We estimate an effective value of the phase coupling strength in our experiment. For that, we derive a general approach that allows one to compare different experimental realizations with each other as well as with phase equation models. We demonstrate that individual phase shifts of oscillators can be experimentally controlled by a weak global coupling. Furthermore, supplied with a distorted input image, the oscillating network can indeed recognize the correct image out of a set of predefined patterns. It can therefore be used as the processing unit of an associative memory device.
Modelling Spontaneous Firing Activity of the Motor Cortex in a Spiking Neural Network with Random and Local Connectivity

Computational models of cortical activity can provide in-sight into the mechanisms of higher-order processing in the human brain including planning, perception and the control of movement. Activity in the cortex is ongoing even in the absence of sensory input or discernible movements and is thought to be linked to the topology of the underlying cortical circuitry [1]. However, the connectivity and its functional role in the generation of spatio-temporal firing patterns and cortical computations are still unknown. Movement of the body is a key function of the brain, with the motor cortex the main cortical area implicated in the generation of movement. We built a spiking neural network model of the motor cortex which incorporates a laminar structure and circuitry based on a previous cortical model by Potjans and Diesmann [2]. A local connectivity scheme was implemented to introduce more physiological plausibility to the cortex model, and the effect on the rates, distributions and irregularity of neuronal firing was compared to the original random connectivity method and experimental data. Local connectivity increased the distribution of and overall rate of neuronal firing. It also resulted in the irregularity of firing being more similar to those observed in experimental measurements, and a reduction in the variability in power spectrum measures. The larger variability in dynamical behaviour of the local connectivity model suggests that the topological structure of the connections in neuronal population plays a significant role in firing patterns during spontaneous activity. This model took steps towards replicating the macroscopic network of the motor cortex, replicating realistic spatiotemporal firing to shed light on information coding in the cortex. Large scale computational models such as this one can capture how structure and function relate to observable neuronal firing behaviour, and investigates the underlying computational mechanisms of the brain.
Development of AlissAID system targeting GFP or mCherry fusion protein

Conditional control of target proteins using the auxin-inducible degron (AID) system provides a powerful tool for investigating protein function in eukaryotes. Here, we established an Affinity-linker based super-sensitive auxin-inducible degron (AlissAID) system in budding yeast by using a single domain antibody (a nanobody). In this system, target proteins fused with GFP or mCherry were degraded depending on a synthetic auxin, 5-Adamantyl-IAA (5-Ad-IAA). In AlissAID system, nanomolar concentration of 5-Ad-IAA induces target degradation, thus minimizing the side effects from chemical compounds. In addition, in AlissAID system, we observed few basal degradations which was observed in other AID systems including ssAID system. Furthermore, AlissAID based conditional knockdown cell lines are easily generated by using budding yeast GFP Clone Collection. From these advantages, the AlissAID system would be an ideal protein-knockdown system in budding yeast cells.
Causal network inference based on cross-validation predictability

Identifying causal relations or causal networks among molecules/genes, rather than just their correlations, is of great importance but challenging in biology and medical field, which is essential for unravelling molecular mechanisms of disease progression and developing effective therapies for disease treatment. However, there is still a lack of high-quality causal inference algorithms for any observed data in contrast to time series data. In this study, we developed a new causal concept for any observed data and its causal inference algorithm built on cross-validated predictability (CVP) can quantify the causal effects among molecules/genes in the whole system. The causality was extensively validated by combining a large variety of statistical simulation experiments and available benchmark data (simulated data and various real data). Combining the predicted causal network and the real benchmark network, the CVP algorithm demonstrates high accuracy and strong robustness in comparison with the mainstream algorithms. In particular, the CVP algorithm is robust in identifying reliable driver genes and network biomarkers from the perspective of network biology, with the prediction results outperforming the mainstream conventional methods for predicting driver genes. CRISPR-Cas9 knockdown experiments in the liver cancer have validated that the functional driver genes identified by the CVP algorithm effectively inhibit the growth and colony formation of liver cancer cells. By knockdown experiments, we demonstrated the accuracy and significance of the causality predicted by CVP and identified the novel regulatory targets of functional driver genes SNRNP200 and RALGAPB in the liver cancer. These inferred causal networks explain regulatory patterns in different biological contexts in a clear sense and provide biological insights into molecular mechanisms of disease progression from a causality perspective.
Chromosome 8 gain drives cancer progression by hijacking the translation factor 4E-BP1 sensitizing for targeted CDK4/6 inhibition

Chromosome 8 (chr8) gains are common in cancer. However, their potential contribution to tumor heterogeneity is largely unexplored. Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is characterized by pathognomonic FET::ETS fusions, but show a general paucity of other recurrent somatic mutations that could explain the observed clinical diversity. In EwS, chr8 gains are the second most common genetic alteration rendering EwS an ideal model to investigate the relevance of chr8 gains in an otherwise silent genomic context. Here, we report that chr8 gain-driven gene expression patterns correlate with poor overall survival of EwS patients. This effect is predominantly mediated by increased expression of the translation initiation factor binding protein 4E-BP1 encoded by EIF4EBP1 on chr8. High EIF4EBP1 expression showed the strongest association with poor overall patient survival among all chr8-encoded genes and correlated with chr8 gains in EwS tumors. Similar findings were made in numerous entities of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). In the EwS model, silencing of 4E-BP1 reduced cell proliferation, clonogenicity, spheroidal growth in vitro, and tumorigenesis in vivo. Integrated multi- omics profiling uncovered that 4E-BP1 orchestrates a multifunctional proteomic network including hubs affecting RNA processing, translational regulation, and chromatin modification. Drug screens and functional assays revealed that high 4E-BP1 expression sensitizes for pharmacological CDK4/6 inhibition in preclinical models. Collectively, we establish chr8 gains and high 4E-BP1 expression as prognostic biomarkers in EwS and demonstrate that their association with poor patient outcome is primarily mediated by 4E-BP1 orchestrating a multifunctional proteomic network sensitizing EwS for CDK4/6 inhibitors. Our data suggest that testing for chr8 gain may improve risk-stratification and therapeutic management in EwS and other cancers.
Does it pay to pay? A comparison of the benefits of open-access publishing across various sub-fields in biology

Authors are often faced with the decision of whether to maximize impact or minimize costs when publishing the results of their research. For example, to potentially improve impact via increased accessibility, many subscription-based journals now offer the option of paying a fee to publish open access (i.e., hybrid journals), but this solution excludes authors who lack the capacity to pay to make their research accessible. Here, we tested if paying to publish open access in a subscriptionbased journal benefited authors by conferring more citations relative to closed access articles. We identified 146,415 articles published in 152 hybrid journals in the field of biology from 2013-2018 to compare the number of citations between various types of open access and closed access articles. In a simple generalized linear model analysis of our full dataset, we found that publishing open access in hybrid journals that offer the option confers an average citation advantage to authors of 17.8 citations compared to closed access articles in similar journals. After taking into account the number of authors, journal impact, year of publication, and subject area, we still found that open access generated significantly more citations than closed access (p < 0.0001). However, results were complex, with exact differences in citation rates among access types impacted by these other variables. This citation advantage based on access type was even similar when comparing open and closed access articles published in the same issue of a journal (p < 0.0001). However, by examining articles where the authors paid an article processing charge, we found that cost itself was not predictive of citation rates (p = 0.14). Based on our findings of access type and other model parameters, we suggest that, in most cases, paying for access does confer a citation advantage. For authors with limited budgets, we recommend pursuing open access alternatives that do not require paying a fee as they still yielded more citations than closed access. For authors who are considering where to submit their next article, we offer additional suggestions on how to balance exposure via citations with publishing costs.
Polychrome labeling reveals skeletal triradiate and elongation dynamics and abnormalities in patterning cue-perturbed embryos

The larval skeleton of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus is an ideal model system for studying skeletal patterning; however, our understanding of the etiology of skeletal patterning in sea urchin larvae is limited due to the lack of approaches to live-image skeleton formation. Calcium-binding fluorochromes have been used to study the temporal dynamics of bone growth and healing. To date, only calcein green has been used in sea urchin larvae to fluorescently label the larval skeleton. Here, we optimize labeling protocols for four other calcium-binding fluorochromes-alizarin red, xylenol orange, tetracycline, and calcein blue- and demonstrate that these fluorochromes can be used individually or in nested pulse-chase experiments to understand the temporal dynamics of skeletogenesis and patterning. Using this pulse-chase approach we reveal that the initiation of skeletogenesis begins around 15 hours post fertilization, which is earlier than previously thought. We also explore the timing of triradiate formation in embryos treated with a range of patterning perturbagens, and demonstrate that triradiates form late and asynchronously in embryos ventralized via treatment with either nickel at early gastrula stage or with chlorate from fertilization. Finally, we measure the extent of fluorochrome incorporation in triple-labeled embryos to determine the elongation rate of numerous skeletal elements throughout early skeletal patterning and compare this to the rate of skeletal growth in axitinib-treated embryos. We find that skeletal elements elongate much more slowly in axitinib-treated embryos, and that axitinib treatment is sufficient to induce abnormal orientation of the triradiates. Highlights Calcium-binding fluorochromes selectively label the sea urchin larval skeleton Pulsed, nested polychrome labeling offers temporal insight into skeletal patterning Triradiate formation is delayed and asynchronous in ventralized embryos VEGFR inhibition slows skeletal elongation and perturbs triradiate orientation
Time-resolved proximity proteomics uncovers a membrane tension-sensitive caveolin-1 interactome at the rear of migrating cells

Caveolae play fundamental roles in mechanotransduction. Critical to caveolae function is their ability to flatten out in response to an increase in membrane tension, thereby acting as a membrane reservoir to buffer acute mechanical stress. Cycles of caveolae assembly and disassembly also regulate membrane tension at the rear of migrating cells via RhoA/ROCK-mediated actomyosin contractility. However, the molecular mechanisms that couple caveolae-mediated mechanotransduction to cortical actin dynamics are poorly understood. Here we used biotin-based proximity labelling and quantitative mass spectrometry to define a caveolae-associated interactome in migrating RPE1 cells at steady state and in response to an acute increase in membrane tension induced by hypo-osmotic shock. Our data reveal a dynamic caveolae-associated protein network composed of focal adhesion proteins and cortical actin regulators that is highly sensitive to changes in membrane tension. We show that membrane tension differentially controls the association of ROCK and the RhoGAP ARHGAP29 with caveolae and that ARHGAP29 regulates caveolin-1 Y14 phosphorylation, caveolae rear localisation and RPE1 cell migration. Caveolae in turn regulate ARHGAP29 expression, most likely through the control of YAP signalling. Taken together, our work uncovers a membrane tension-dependent functional coupling between caveolae and the rear-localised actin cytoskeleton, which provides a framework for dissecting the molecular mechanisms underlying caveolae-regulated mechanotransduction pathways.
Regulation of RAS palmitoyltransferases by accessory proteins and palmitoylation

Summary Palmitoylation of cysteine residues at the C-terminal hypervariable regions in human HRAS and NRAS, which is necessary for the RAS signaling, is catalyzed by the acyltransferase DHHC9 in complex with its accessory protein GCP16. The molecular basis for the acyltransferase activity and the regulation of DHHC9 by GCP16 is not clear. Here we report the cryo-EM structures of the human DHHC9-GCP16 complex and its yeast counterpart — the Erf2-Erf4 complex, demonstrating that GCP16 and Erf4 are not directly involved in the catalytic process but stabilize the architecture of DHHC9 and Erf2, respectively. We found that a phospholipid binding to an arginine-rich region of DHHC9 and palmitoylation on three residues (C24, C25, and C288) were essential for the catalytic activity of the DHHC9-GCP16 complex. Furthermore, we showed that GCP16 also formed complexes with DHHC14 and 18 to catalyze RAS palmitoylation. These findings provide insights into the regulation mechanism of RAS palmitoyltransferases.
Temperature-dependent sinusoidal magnetic order in the superconductor HoMo 6 Se 8

A magnetic phase transition (T M =0.53 K) to a long-period (~10 2 -A) magnetic state has been observed via neutron scattering in the superconductor (T c =5.6 K) HoMo 6 Se 8 . The characteristic wave vector q c is strongly temperature dependent even though no higher-order satellites are observed. With use of a Ginzburg-Landau model it is found that the temperature dependence of q c can be explained as due to a renormalization of the superconducting order parameter caused by the coupling to the local magnetization density.
Mountain torques and synoptic systems in the Mediterranean

The mountains surrounding the Mediterranean exert torques T during the passage of North Atlantic systems which affect the angular momentum of the airflow passing over and around the massifs. The Alps, the Atlas range and the orographic block of Asia Minor are selected to investigate the typical flow conditions during torque events. These mountain ranges are small enough to justify a local angular momentum analysis. Both the zonal and the meridional components of a mountain's torque (Tλ and Tφ) are used as stratification parameters in a statistical investigation of the interaction of large‐scale perturbations with this mountain. How are these flows affected by the obstacle? A simple scheme is tested which attempts to interpret results.
Rate Coefficients for Charge Transfer of He + with C

Rate coefficients for nonradiative charge transfer in collisions of He + with C are calculated for temperatures up to 10,000 K. The rate coefficients increase from 2.8×10 −15 cm 3 s −1 at 100 K to 6.8×10 −13 s −1 at 10,000 K
Multi-Cue Gate-Shift Networks for Mouse Behavior Recognition

ABSTRACT Automatic identification of mouse behavior plays an important role in the study of disease or treatment, especially regarding the short-term action of mice. Existing three-dimensional (3D) convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and two-dimensional (2D) CNNs have different limitations when addressing the task of mouse behavior recognition. For instance, 3D CNNs require a large calculation cost, while 2D CNNs cannot capture motion information. To solve these problems, a low-computational and efficient multi-cue gate-shift network (MGSN) was developed. First, to capture motion information, a multi-cue feature switching module (MFSM) was designed to utilize RGB and motion information. Second, an adaptive feature fusion module (AFFM) was designed to adaptively fuse the features. Third, we used a 2D network to reduce the amount of computation. Finally, we performed an extensive evaluation of the proposed module to study its effectiveness in mouse behavior recognition, achieving state-of-the-art accuracy results using the Jiang database, and comparable results using the Jhuang database. An absolute improvement of +5.41% over the benchmark gate-shift module was achieved using the Jiang database.