Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cooperación en ratas: Efectos de la experiencia temprana

We studied the effects of early experience in the development of cooperative behaviors in an instrumental task in rats. In the first experimental phase, subjects were exposed to a choice between a cooperative and a non cooperative task. By cooperating subjects obtained 4 times more food than working individually. In a second phase, all experimental subjects earned one reinforcement for each type of response. In the third phase, all experimental subjects earned four reinforcement units for responding individually and one unit for responding cooperatively. Subjects with an early experience of food deprivation presented rates of higher cooperative response than subjects early exposed to food abundance. We conclude that early experience of food abundance or deprivation influence the later development of cooperative behavior.
OCAF: an object-oriented model of analysis of collaborative problem solving

Computer-supported collaborative problem solving requires new methodological approaches of interaction and problem solving analysis. Usually analysis of collaborative problem solving situations is done through discourse analysis or interaction analysis, where in the center of attention are the actors involved (students, tutors etc.). An alternative framework, called "Object-oriented Collaboration Analysis Framework (OCAF)" is presented here, according to which the objects of the collaboratively developed solution become the center of attention and are studied as entities that carry their own history. This approach produces a view of the process, according to which the solution is made of structural components that are 'owned' by actors who have contributed in various degrees to their development. OCAF is based on both actions and dialogues of actors, providing qualitative as well as quantitative indicators of collaboration and solution quality. The paper presents first the framework notation. Examples of its use in analysis of distance groups and face-to-face collaborative activities are provided next, followed by the dimensions of the framework supported analysis for teachers and researchers. Web-based tools supporting the OCAF approach are also presented.
Radiotracer-Bildgebung zerebraler Azetylcholinrezeptoren bei demenziellen Erkrankungen

Zusammenfassung Durch die Verfügbarkeit von Radiotracern, die selektiv an verschiedenen Subtypen nikotinischer Azetylcholinrezeptoren binden, können neue Erkenntnisse der pathophysiologischen Zusammenhänge des cholinergen Defizits und des Kognitionsverlustes bei Demenzen gewonnen werden. Mittels dieser neuen Radiotracer ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, neue spezifische Therapieansätze zu entwickeln und zu validieren. Bisher gibt es nur eine geringe Anzahl von Studien, die nikotinische Azetylcholinrezeptoren bei Demenz in vivo untersucht haben. Diese konnten eine Verminderung der Rezeptoren bei Patienten mit Alzheimer Demenz und bei Patienten mit leichten kognitiven Störungen nachweisen, die mit dem kognitiven Verlust korreliert ist. Die derzeit verfügbaren Radiotracer zeichnen sich durch eine relativ geringe zerebrale Anreicherung und eine langsame Kinetik aus, sodass ihre Verwendung aufgrund der langen Aufnahmezeiten für die klinische Routinepraxis eingeschränkt ist. Mehrere Arbeitsgruppen entwickeln zurzeit Radiotracer mit höherer zerebraler Aufnahme und schnellerer Kinetik, die für Frühdiagnose und Therapiekontrolle der Demenz besser eingesetzt werden könnten.
Ischemic Heart Disease Events Triggered by Short-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution

Background— Recent evidence suggests that long-term exposure to particulate air pollution contributes to pulmonary and systemic oxidative stress, inflammation, progression of atherosclerosis, and risk of ischemic heart disease and death. Short-term exposure may contribute to complications of atherosclerosis, such as plaque vulnerability, thrombosis, and acute ischemic events. These findings are inconclusive and controversial and require further study. This study evaluates the role of short-term particulate exposure in triggering acute ischemic heart disease events. Methods and Results— A case-crossover study design was used to analyze ischemic events in 12 865 patients who lived on the Wasatch Front in Utah. Patients were drawn from the cardiac catheterization registry of the Intermountain Heart Collaborative Study, a large, ongoing registry of patients who underwent coronary arteriography and were followed up longitudinally. Ambient fine particulate pollution (particles with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 &mgr;m; PM2.5) elevated by 10 &mgr;g/m3 was associated with increased risk of acute ischemic coronary events (unstable angina and myocardial infarction) equal to 4.5% (95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 8.0). Effects were larger for those with angiographically demonstrated coronary artery disease. Conclusions— Short-term particulate exposures contributed to acute coronary events, especially among patients with underlying coronary artery disease. Individuals with stable presentation and those with angiographically demonstrated clean coronaries are not as susceptible to short-term particulate exposure.
A Multiple Classifier System for Predicting with missing Sensor Values

Sensors placed in the field frequently suffer faults or communication errors, causing readings to become unavailable for prediction purposes. Statistical approaches are commonly used to generate an artificial value to approximate a missing sensor reading and complete a feature vector for prediction. In this paper, we present a new multiple classifier system that is capable of predicting without artificial approximations of missing values. Each classifier in the system is trained on different feature subsets, so that a classifier exists for each potential combination of available features. We have evaluated the proposed approach on a set of benchmark datasets to establish the generic nature of the problem, and on a real-world environmental event detection application that inspires the need for this work. On benchmark datasets, we artificially vary the percentage of missing values (i) during the prediction phase, and (ii) during both the training and prediction phases. We compare the performance of the prop.
Das Gewissen – (k)ein Thema für die Soziologie? / Conscience: A (Neglected) Topic in Sociological Analysis?

Zusammenfassung Die Soziologie beschäftigt sich zwar ausgiebig mit Moral und moralischen Orientierungen, nicht aber mit den situativ variablen Funktionsweisen und Ausdrucksformen des Gewissens im Alltag. Im Vergleich zu analytisch enger gefassten Begriffen wie „Selbstkontrolle“ oder „moralisches Bewusstsein“ erfasst der Gewissensbegriff eine größere Bandbreite des komplexen Zusammenspiels von Einsichten und Gefühlen sowie des Ineinandergreifens von Erleben, Deuten und Handeln. In diesem Beitrag möchten wir den soziologischen Gehalt des Gewissensbegriffs erschließen und greifen zunächst auf einschlägige Arbeiten von Niklas Luhmann zurück. Dessen Thesen über die Funktionen von Moral und Gewissen kontrastieren wir mit dem kognitionstheoretischen Ansatz zur Entwicklung des moralischen Bewusstseins und einer universalistischen Minimalmoral. Für das Motivationsproblem dieses Moraltyps werden mit den Überlegungen Kants zu moralischen Gefühlen sowie den Ausführungen Randall Collins’ über Interaktionsrituale zwei Lösungen formuliert. Das Entweder-Oder einer durch Vernunft oder Gefühl gewirkten Einsicht in und Bindung an das moralisch Gute kann mit Hans Joas’ Thesen über die Entstehung von Werten und Wertbindungen überwunden werden. Daran anknüpfend konzipieren wir das Gewissen als eine spezifische Artikulationsform moralischer Erfahrungen, in der gefühlsmächtige Erlebnisse, reflexiv zugängliche Einsichten und kommunikativ angeeignete Deutungsmuster dynamisch ineinander greifen. Summary Morals and moral orientations are a prominent subject in sociological discourse and research; how our “conscience” functions and expresses itself in specific everyday situations, however, is a topic rarely addressed by sociologists. Compared to more narrowly defined concepts of self-control or moral consciousness the concept of conscience covers a broader scope of meanings which emerge from the complex interplay between moral insights and feelings, or from interconnections between sentiment, interpretation and behavior. In exploring the concept of conscience sociologically we first draw upon system-theoretical considerations as advanced by Niklas Luhmann. We then contrast Luhmann’s assumptions about specific functions of morals and conscience with the cognitive approach to analyzing the development of moral consciousness and the minimalistic concept of universally valid moral rules associated with it. The type of morals thus conceptualized poses unanswered questions of motivation. Partial solutions are offered by Kant’s ideas about moral feelings and Randall Collins’ concept of interaction rituals. The “either-or” position, viz. reason vs. feelings in the constitution of moral insight and moral commitment, can be overcome with Hans Joas’ theses concerning the genesis of values and value-commitment. Based on Joas’ ideas, we propose conceiving of “conscience” as a way of articulating moral experiences shaped by the dynamic interplay of (possibly) intense feelings, reflexive thinking, and culture- based interpretations.
An experimental study of Multiband Bistatic Passive Radar system

Interest in Passive Radar has grown significantly over the last decade. However, most Passive Radar systems have been experimental set-ups tailored to a signal frequency band or a single illuminator. In this paper, the design considerations and the resulting Multiband Bistatic Passive Radar (MBPR) structure are described and the evaluations of various measurement campaigns with multioctaves array antenna are summarized.
The Effect of Adult Day Services on Delay to Institutional Placement

Delays to institutionalization were compared between elderly individuals who differed in the amounts (“dosages”) of adult day services (ADS) they attended. A Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed higher dosages of ADS to be associated with greater delays to institutionalization. Retrospective data from financial and service utilization systems and from the Resident Assessment Instrument for Home Care (RAI-HC) were then used to fit a Cox regression model that was adjusted for potential selection biases. This model also found systematically lower hazards for institutionalization at higher ADS dosages. The ADS effect did not appear to be an artifact of increased utilization of additional home health services. Results suggest a beneficial effect of ADS on delay to institutionalization that cannot be attributed to home support, respite, or case management services.
Nutritional controversies in critical care: revisiting enteral glutamine during critical illness and injury

Purpose of reviewThis article examines some of the articles that inspired recent changes to critical care guidelines related to glutamine in enteral nutrition. Recent findingsTwo recent multicenter randomized controlled trials involving enteral glutamine have reported increased mortality rates in groups of mechanically ventilated adult patients, while demonstrating no additional benefits to other outcomes, such as nosocomial infections. SummaryRecent studies suggest that enteral glutamine supplementation may not provide significant clinical benefits to adult patients on mechanical ventilation with multiple organ failure, but more information is still needed when attempting to apply these results to other groups of critical care patients.
Tweeting under pressure: analyzing trending topics and evolving word choice on sina weibo

In recent years, social media has risen to prominence in China, with sites like Sina Weibo and Renren each boasting hundreds of millions of users. Social media in China plays a profound role as a platform for breaking news and political commentary that is not available in the state-sanctioned news media. However, like all websites in China, Chinese social media is subject to censorship. Although several studies have identified censorship on Weibo and Chinese blogs, to date no studies have examined the overall impact of censorship on discourse in social media. In this study, we examine how censorship impacts discussions on Weibo, and how users adapt to avoid censorship. We gather tweets and comments from 280K politically active Weibo users for 44 days and use NLP techniques to identify trending topics. We observe that the magnitude of censorship varies dramatically across topics, with 82% of tweets in some topics being censored. However, we find that censorship of a topic correlates with high user engagement, suggesting that censorship does not stifle discussion of sensitive topics. Furthermore, we find that users adopt variants of words (known as morphs) to avoid keyword-based censorship. We analyze emergent morphs to learn how they are adopted and spread by the Weibo user community.
Endometrial receptivity defects during IVF cycles with and without letrozole.

BACKGROUND Our aim was to study ways to improve IVF success rates in women with suspected endometrial receptivity defects. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study examining the effect of letrozole (aromatase inhibitor) on integrin expression as a marker of endometrial receptivity. We compared IVF outcomes in 97 infertile women who had undergone ανβ3 integrin assessment by immunohistochemistry in mid-luteal endometrial biopsies. Of 79 women undergoing standard IVF, 29 (36.7%) lacked normal integrin expression. Eighteen other women with low integrin were studied after receiving letrozole during early IVF stimulation. An independent set of ανβ3 integrin-negative patients (n = 15) who had undergone repeat endometrial biopsy for integrin testing while taking letrozole were re-evaluated. RESULTS Clinical pregnancy and delivery rates were higher in women with normal ανβ3 integrin expression compared with those who were integrin negative [20/50 (40%) versus 4/29 (13.8%); P = 0.02 and 19/50 (38%) versus 2/29 (7%); P < 0.01, respectively]. In 18 women who received letrozole early in IVF, 11 conceived (61.1%; P < 0.001) compared with integrin-negative patients who did not receive letrozole. In integrin-negative women who were rebiopsied on letrozole, 66.7% reverted to normal integrin expression. Positive endometrial aromatase immunostaining using a polyclonal antibody was a common finding in infertile patients compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Lack of endometrial ανβ3 integrin expression is associated with a poor prognosis for IVF that might be improved with letrozole co-treatment. Prospective studies are needed to confirm and extend these findings but the data suggest that aromatase expression may contribute to implantation failure in some women.
Analysis of Frequency Domain Oversampled MMSE SC-FDE

Frequency domain oversampling (FDO) is investigated to improve the error performance of MMSE SC-FDE for multipath channels. The impact of FDO is analyzed in regard to the outage probability. The results show that FDO can significantly enhance the performance of MMSE SC-FDE when the ratio of block length to channel memory length is small such as in underwater acoustic channels. Its advantage is observed for moderate block length to channel memory length ratio for larger constellation sizes.
Commentary on Collaboration

The key concept in our definition of collaboration is the interactive team process which develops over time among key partners on education and early intervention teams. Children/youth and their families are the heart of every team which also includes, as appropriate, therapists, educators, nurses, social workers, administrators, volunteers, peers, and child care providers. Collaboration is an umbrella term, not a new service model, and includes team interactions within coaching, collaborative consultation, coteaching, family professional partnerships, and integrated therapy. We have heard occupational therapists describe collaboration as a monthly team meeting, informal conversation focused on how to help a child achieve his or her goals or outcomes, talking to a teacher in their classroom, or coordinating a therapy schedule with another therapist. However, working in the same space as another team member or attending a staff meeting is not necessarily a collaborative interaction unless these variables are embraced by teams and incorporated within their operations (Friend, 2000; Friend & Cook, 2009; Thousand & Villa, 2000):
Hábito de fumar y esquizotipia

Smoking and schizotypy. We replicate previous research linking schizotypy to smoking. We employ ed a multidimensional measure of schizotypy and relate its scores to the well known EPQ-R personality inventory. We found significant differences between smokers and non-smokers on several scales: Unusual Experiences, Introvertive Anhedonia, Impulsive Nonconformity, Extraversion and Psychoticism. Smokers were found to be more extroverted and impulsive than non-smokers. They also showed higher average scores on the Unusual Experiences and Psychoticism scales. When we compared smokers with a low degree of addiction to smokers with an intermediate degree of addiction, only marg inally significant differences were found on the scale of cognitive disorganization.
A Semantic Representation Based-on Term Co-occurrence Network and Graph Kernel

This paper proposes a new semantic representation and its associated similarity measure. The representation expresses textual context observed in a context of a certain term as a network where nodes are terms and edges are the number of cooccurrences between connected terms. To compare terms represented in networks, a graph kernel is adopted as a similarity measure. The proposed representation has two notable merits compared with previous semantic representations. First, it can process polysemous words in a better way than a vector representation. A network of a polysemous term is regarded as a combination of sub-networks that represent senses and the appropriate sub-network is identified by context before compared by the kernel. Second, the representation permits not only words but also senses or contexts to be represented directly from corresponding set of terms. The validity of the representation and its similarity measure is evaluated with two tasks: synonym test and unsupervised word sense disambiguation. The method performed well and could compete with the state-of-the-art unsupervised methods.
Improved feasibility of fixed-priority scheduling with deferred preemption using preemption thresholds for preemption points

This paper aims at advancing the relative strength of limited-preemptive schedulers by improving the feasibility of a task set and simultaneously limiting, or even precluding, arbitrary preemptions. In particular, we present a refinement of existing limited-preemptive fixed-priority scheduling (FPS) schemes with preemption thresholds for preemption points next to preemption thresholds for sub-jobs, termed fixed-priority scheduling with varying preemption thresholds (FPVS). We derive exact schedulability analysis for FPVS and we develop algorithms to maximize the schedulability of a set of sporadic tasks for given priorities. Since FPVS generalizes existing FPS schemes, we apply our algorithms to those schemes to compare the ratio of schedulable systems. Our experiments show that FPVS can achieve the same schedulability ratio with limited-preemptive sub-jobs as with entirely non-preemptive sub-jobs.
Short Tools to Assess Young Children's Dietary Intake: A Systematic Review Focusing on Application to Dietary Index Research

Dietary indices evaluate diet quality, usually based on current dietary guidelines. Indices can therefore contribute to our understanding of early-life obesity-risk dietary behaviours. Yet indices are commonly applied to dietary data collected by onerous methods (e.g., recalls or records). Short dietary assessment instruments are an attractive alternative to collect data from which to derive an index score. A systematic review of studies published before April 2013 was conducted to identify short (≤50 items) tools that measure whole-of-diet intake of young children (birth-five years) and are applicable to dietary indices, in particular screening obesogenic dietary behaviours. The search identified 3686 papers of which 16, reporting on 15 tools (n = 7, infants and toddlers birth-24 months; n = 8, preschoolers 2–5 years), met the inclusion criteria. Most tools were food frequency questionnaires (n = 14), with one innovative dietary questionnaire identified. Seven were tested for validity or reliability, and one was tested for both. Six tools (n = 2, infants and toddlers; n = 4, preschoolers) are applicable for use with current dietary indices, five of which screen obesogenic dietary behaviours. Given the limited number of brief, valid and reliable dietary assessment tools for young children to which an index can be applied, future short tool development is warranted, particularly for screening obesogenic dietary behaviours.
Prediction of survival in follicular lymphoma based on molecular features of tumor-infiltrating immune cells.

BACKGROUND Patients with follicular lymphoma may survive for periods of less than 1 year to more than 20 years after diagnosis. We used gene-expression profiles of tumor-biopsy specimens obtained at diagnosis to develop a molecular predictor of the length of survival. METHODS Gene-expression profiling was performed on 191 biopsy specimens obtained from patients with untreated follicular lymphoma. Supervised methods were used to discover expression patterns associated with the length of survival in a training set of 95 specimens. A molecular predictor of survival was constructed from these genes and validated in an independent test set of 96 specimens. RESULTS Individual genes that predicted the length of survival were grouped into gene-expression signatures on the basis of their expression in the training set, and two such signatures were used to construct a survival predictor. The two signatures allowed patients with specimens in the test set to be divided into four quartiles with widely disparate median lengths of survival (13.6, 11.1, 10.8, and 3.9 years), independently of clinical prognostic variables. Flow cytometry showed that these signatures reflected gene expression by nonmalignant tumor-infiltrating immune cells. CONCLUSIONS The length of survival among patients with follicular lymphoma correlates with the molecular features of nonmalignant immune cells present in the tumor at diagnosis.
Performing thrill: designing telemetry systems and spectator interfaces for amusement rides

Fairground: Thrill Laboratory was a series of live events that augmented the experience of amusement rides. A wearable telemetry system captured video, audio, heart-rate and acceleration data, streaming them live to spectator interfaces and a watching audience. In this paper, we present a study of this event, which draws on video recordings and post-event interviews, and which highlights the experiences of riders, spectators and ride operators. Our study shows how the telemetry system transformed riders into performers, spectators into an audience, and how the role of ride operator began to include aspects of orchestration, with the relationship between all three roles also transformed. Critically, the introduction of a telemetry system seems to have had the potential to re-connect riders/performers back to operators/orchestrators and spectators/audience, re-introducing a closer relationship that used to be available with smaller rides. Introducing telemetry to a real-world situation also creates significant complexity, which we illustrate by focussing on a moment of perceived crisis.