Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Speed Sensorless Control of SynRL Motor for Electric Vehicle with Improved Third Order Generalized Integrator Flux Observer

The speed sensorless control of synchronous reluctance (SynRL) motor for electric vehicle with improved flux estimation based on third order generalised integrator flux observer(TOGIFO) is presented in this paper. Sensor reduction is crucial in electric vehicle (EV) drives based on synchronous reluctance (SynRL) motor in order to increase system dependability and robustness. Moreover, achieving seamless wide-range speed control without sensors is still difficult. When compared to the conventional stator flux linkage estimation method for accurate speed estimation, the sluggishness of the drive at low and high speeds of operation is mitigated by the improved speed and position estimation. A bi-directional DCDC Converter (B-DC) is used with the battery for improved performance of the system.The paper also discusses the improved battery performance for enhancing vehicle's range. The effectiveness of the presented system is verified through comprehensive MATLAB/Simulink validation.
Notes on W. S. Stiles’ Paper Entitled, “A Modified Helmholtz Line-Element in Brightness-Colour Space”*,1

A brief summary is given of the paper by Stiles. The line-element suggested by Stiles is shown to be the sum of the squares of total differentials of three magnitudes. Therefore, the corresponding color threefold is Euclidean. For the same reason, the line-element originally proposed by Helmholtz also defined a Euclidean color space. The customary parameters of colorimetry correspond to curvilinear coordinates in the color space of both Helmholtz and Stiles. In both of those spaces, constant luminosity is represented by curved surfaces. The forms of the line-elements of both Helmholtz and Stiles imply that geodesics, representing series of colors which exhibit the least number of just-perceptible differences between any two colors, are straight lines in the Euclidean spaces defined by those line-elements. They also imply that ordinary length measured along these lines is proportional to the number of just-perceptible differences between the colors represented by the terminal points. No direct tests of these implications are known. MacAdam’s data on the discrimination of equiluminous colors determine a surface of constant luminosity in the color discrimination space for at least one observer (PGN). This surface exhibits such severe (and irreducible) curvature that the straight lines drawn between most pairs of considerably different equiluminous colors are, at their midpoints, far from the surface of constant luminosity. The line-elements of both Stiles and Helmholtz, therefore, imply that the series of colors exhibiting the least number of just-perceptible differences between two equiluminous colors includes many colors of very different luminosity. Although no observational tests are known, it seems unreasonable to expect that considerable departures from the common luminosity of the terminal colors will reduce the number of differences perceptible in any series between them. Attention is called to the criterion of probability of errors in color matching as an alternative to just-perceptible differences for investigations of visual sensitivities to color differences. This concept leads to a definition of the line-element independently of any assumption of the applicability to color discrimination of Fechner’s law or its modifications.
Reactive ion etching mechanism of plasma enhanced chemically vapor deposited aluminum oxide film in CF4/O2 plasma

Aluminum oxide film prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is one of the promising candidates for an etch mask or an etch barrier material in very large scale integrated fabrication. We have investigated the reactive ion etching mechanism of the PECVD aluminum oxide films in the CF4/O2 plasma. The dependences of the aluminum oxide etch rate on the atomic fluorine concentration and the incident particle bombardment energy are studied at various etching conditions. The etch products and their depth distribution are also determined by analyzing the surface layer of the etched aluminum oxide films with Auger electron spectroscopy. The CF4/O2 plasma fluorinates the aluminum oxide surface layer through the particle bombardment activated reaction, producing etch products in the form of AlF3 or AlOXFY, which is nonvolatile but has a higher sputtering yield than aluminum oxide. The reactive ion etching of aluminum oxide proceeds by the formation and the sputter removal of the etch product. T.
Mental Boundaries Relationship with Self-Esteem and Social Support: New Findings for Mental Boundaries Research

The current study examines Mental Boundaries and the relationship between self-esteem and social support. Thick and thin boundaries are a crucial part of Mental Boundary research. Currently, there is limited research on Mental Boundaries and their connection to counseling and other constructs. The current research study examines correlations between Mental Boundaries, self-esteem, social support, and understanding if Mental Boundaries and social support can predict self-esteem levels. By examining self-esteem and social support, the current study provides how Mental Boundaries can be adapted for counselors when working with clients. The current study found significant negative correlations between Mental Boundaries, self-esteem, and social support. However, linear regression found that Mental Boundaries and social support independently predicted self-esteem. Finally, the current discusses future research and the current study's limitations.
Bénard-von Kármán instability: transient and forced regimes

The wake of a circular cylinder is investigated near the oscillation threshold by means of a laser probe. Above the threshold the transient regime is studied and described by a Stuart-Landau law (already found to be relevant in explaining free-oscillating regimes). Below the critical point, impulse and resonant regimes are examined, so the coefficients of the Stuart-Landau equation are determined. Moreover, in the supercritical regime, the behaviour of the (externally forced) oscillating system is described, varying parameters such as threshold deviation, forcing frequency and amplitude. The different zones of entrainment and desynchronization are given for simple or harmonic frequency.
Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Optimization for Grid Peak Demand Reduction and Decarbonization: A State-of-the-Art Review

Electric vehicles (EVs), as a greener alternative to fossil-fuel-based internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, contribute significantly toward developing sustainable transportation systems with no or less planet-warming greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the recent widespread adoption and integration of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) into the electricity grid poses great challenges to the reliable, stable, and sustainable operation of utility smart grids due to their massive charging power demand. To make PEVs earth-friendly, their large charging power requirements must be met not by polluting fossil-fuel-based energy sources but by clean renewable energy sources (RESs) integrated into the smart utility grid. Utility grid operators can utilize vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, a new smart grid technology, to effectively reduce the grid peak demand and GHG emissions. PEVs with bidirectional V2G capability offer immense techno-economic-environmental benefits to utility grid operators in efficientlybalancing grid power generation and demand, providing grid-support services, reducing GHG emissions, producing economic benefits, and supporting critical energy needs during outages. Hence, the V2G optimization of PEVs has become essential in utility grid operation for lessening grid peak demand and environmental degradation. A state-of-the-art review of the latest research carried out on the V2G optimization of PEVs for grid peak demand reduction and decarbonization has been presented in this paper. The V2G concept, technologies, its positive & negative impacts, and V2G optimization of PEVs have been discussed. The research studies reveal that V2G technology has great potential to offer immensely effective solutions to remarkably reduce the huge peak demand and GHG emissions of the PEV-RES-integrated utility grid. Directions to conduct effective future research on V2G optimization are also provided.
Homogenization of biaxial composite materials: dissipative anisotropic properties

Biaxial composite materials can be synthesized through the homogenization of constituent mediums with material properties less complex than biaxial, provided the constituents collectively present two distinguished axes. We investigate homogenization in the context of dissipative anisotropic dielectric and dissipative anisotropic dielectric-magnetic materials. We consider the relationship between biaxiality and the geometry, orientation and composition of the component mediums, and explore symmetries in the constitutive dyadics of the biaxial materials and their relevance to the homogenized composite medium. A generalized anisotropic biaxial structure, for which principal axes of real and imaginary parts of the permittivity and permeability constitutive dyadics do not coincide, is discussed.
Robust stability with time-varying structured uncertainty

Considers the problem of assessing robust stability in the presence of block-diagonally structured time-varying dynamic uncertainty. It is shown that robust stability holds only if there exist constant scalings which lead to a small gain condition. The notion of stability here is finite-gain stability over finite-energy signals. In sharp contrast to the case of time-invariant dynamic uncertainty, this result is not limited by the number uncertainty blocks. These results parallel previous results regarding finite-gain stability over persistent bounded signals. >
Development of surface metrology for the Giant Magellan Telescope primary mirror

The Giant Magellan Telescope achieves 25 meter aperture and modest length using an f/0.7 primary mirror made from 8.4 meter diameter segments. The systems that will be used for measuring the aspheric optical surfaces of these mirrors are in the final phase of development. This paper discusses the overall metrology plan and shows details for the development of the principal test system - a system that uses mirrors and holograms to provide a null interferometric test of the surface. This system provides a full aperture interferometric measurement of the off-axis segments by compensating the 14.5 mm aspheric departure with a tilted 3.8-m diameter powered mirror, a 77 cm tilted mirror, and a computer generated hologram. The interferometric measurements are corroborated with a scanning slope measurement from a scanning pentaprism system and a direct measurement system based on a laser tracker.
SAR data focusing using seismic migration techniques

The focusing of synthetic-aperture-radar (SAR) data using migration techniques quite similar to those used in geophysics is treated. The algorithm presented works in the omega -k/sub x/ domain. Because time delays can be easily accommodated with phase shifts that increase linearly with omega , range migration poses no problem. The algorithm is described in plane geometry first, where range migration and phase history can be exactly matched. The effects of the sphericity of the Earth, of the Earth's rotation, and of the satellite trajectory curvature are taken into account, showing that the theoretically achievable spatial resolution is well within the requirements of present day and near future SAR missions. Terrestrial swaths as wide as 100 km can be focused simultaneously with no serious degradation. The algorithm has been tested with synthetic data, with Seasat-A data, and with airplane data (NASA-AIR). The experimental results fully support the theoretical analysis. >
In Situ Gel with Silver Nanoparticles Prepared Using Agrimonia eupatoria L. Shows Antibacterial Activity

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with antibacterial activity can be prepared in different ways. In our case, we used ecological green synthesis with Agrimonia eupatoria L. The plant extract was used with Ag NPs for the first time to prepare termosensitive in situ gels (ISGs). Such gels are used to heal human or animal skin and mucous membranes, as they can change from a liquid to solid state after application. Ag NPs were characterized with various techniques (FTIR, TEM, size distribution, zeta potential) and their antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In accordance with the TEM data, we prepared monodispersed spherical Ag NPs with an average size of about 20 nm. Organic active compounds from Agrimonia eupatoria L. were found on their surfaces using FTIR spectroscopy. Surprisingly, only the in situ gel with Ag NPs showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, while Ag NPs alone did not. Ag NPs prepared via green synthesis using plants with medicinal properties and incorporated into ISGs have great potential for wound healing due to the antibacterial activity of Ag NPs and the dermatological activity of organic substances from plants.
Tables of Elastic Scattering Cross Sections of Photons in the Energy Range 50–1500 keV for All Elements in the Range 13⩽Z⩽104

Tables of differential and total elastic scattering cross sections for 92 elements in the atomic number range 13⩽Z⩽104 and for selected photon energies in the range 50–1500 keV have been presented. The energies are chosen to cover the most commonly used photon energies and in a suitable grid so as to enable one to use the usual interpolation methods to determine cross sections for any other energies in this energy range. The available experimental results are also compared with the tabulated values and the difference is presented graphically.
Contribution of Biofertilizers to Pulse Crops: From Single-Strain Inoculants to New Technologies Based on Microbiomes Strategies

Pulses provide distinct health benefits due to their low fat content and high protein and fiber contents. Their grain production reaches approximately 93,210 × 103 tons per year. Pulses benefit from the symbiosis with atmospheric N2-fixing bacteria, which increases productivity and reduces the need for N fertilizers, thus contributing to mitigation of environmental impact mitigation. Additionally, the root region harbors a rich microbial community with multiple traits related to plant growth promotion, such as nutrient increase and tolerance enhancement to abiotic or biotic stresses. We reviewed the eight most common pulses accounting for almost 90% of world production: common beans, chickpeas, peas, cowpeas, mung beans, lentils, broad beans, and pigeon peas. We focused on updated information considering both single-rhizobial inoculation and co-inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. We found approximately 80 microbial taxa with PGPR traits, mainly Bacillus sp. , B. subtilis, Pseudomonas sp. , P. fluorescens, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and that contributed to improve plant growth and yield under different conditions. In addition, new data on root, nodule, rhizosphere, and seed microbiomes point to strategies that can be used to design new generations of biofertilizers, highlighting the importance of microorganisms for productive pulse systems.
DSC MRI in the human brain using deoxyhemoglobin and gadolinium—Simulations and validations at 3T

Introduction Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI allows clinicians to determine perfusion parameters in the brain, such as cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, and mean transit time. To enable quantification, susceptibility changes can be induced using gadolinium (Gd) or deoxyhemoglobin (dOHb), the latter just recently introduced as a contrast agent in DSC. Previous investigations found that experimental parameters and analysis choices, such as the susceptibility amplitude and partial volume, affect perfusion quantification. However, the accuracy and precision of DSC MRI has not been systematically investigated, particularly in the lower susceptibility range. Methods In this study, we compared perfusion values determined using Gd with values determined using a contrast agent with a lower susceptibility—dOHb—under different physiological conditions, such as varying the baseline blood oxygenation and/or magnitude of hypoxic bolus, by utilizing numerical simulations and conducting experiments on healthy subjects at 3T. The simulation framework we developed for DSC incorporates MRI signal contributions from intravascular and extravascular proton spins in arterial, venous, and cerebral tissue voxels. This framework allowed us to model the MRI signal in response to both Gd and dOHb. Results and discussion We found, both in the experimental results and simulations, that a reduced intravascular volume of the selected arterial voxel, reduced baseline oxygen saturation, greater susceptibility of applied contrast agent (Gd vs. dOHb), and/or larger magnitude of applied hypoxic bolus reduces the overestimation and increases precision of cerebral blood volume and flow. As well, we found that normalizing tissue to venous rather than arterial signal increases the accuracy of perfusion quantification across experimental paradigms. Furthermore, we found that shortening the bolus duration increases the accuracy and reduces the calculated values of mean transit time. In summary, we experimentally uncovered an array of perfusion quantification dependencies, which agreed with the simulation framework predictions, using a wider range of susceptibility values than previously investigated. We argue for caution when comparing absolute and relative perfusion values within and across subjects obtained from a standard DSC MRI analysis, particularly when employing different experimental paradigms and contrast agents.
The telomere-to-telomere genome of Fragaria vesca reveals the genomic evolution of Fragaria and the origin of cultivated octoploid strawberry

Abstract Fragaria vesca, commonly known as wild or woodland strawberry, is the most widely distributed diploid Fragaria species and is native to Europe and Asia. Because of its small plant size, low heterozygosity, and relative ease of genetic transformation, F. vesca has been a model plant for fruit research since the publication of its Illumina-based genome in 2011. However, its genomic contribution to octoploid cultivated strawberry remains a long-standing question. Here, we de novo assembled and annotated a telomere-to-telomere, gap-free genome of F. vesca ‘Hawaii 4’, with all seven chromosomes assembled into single contigs, providing the highest completeness and assembly quality to date. The gap-free genome is 220 785 082 bp in length and encodes 36 173 protein-coding gene models, including 1153 newly annotated genes. All 14 telomeres and seven centromeres were annotated within the seven chromosomes. Among the three previously recognized wild diploid strawberry ancestors, F. vesca, F. iinumae, and F. viridis, phylogenomic analysis showed that F. vesca and F. viridis are the ancestors of the cultivated octoploid strawberry F. × ananassa, and F. vesca is its closest relative. Three subgenomes of F. × ananassa belong to the F. vesca group, and one is sister to F. viridis. We anticipate that this high-quality, telomere-to-telomere, gap-free F. vesca genome, combined with our phylogenomic inference of the origin of cultivated strawberry, will provide insight into the genomic evolution of Fragaria and facilitate strawberry genetics and molecular breeding.
Sex-Determined Alteration of Frontal Electroencephalographic (EEG) Activity in Social Presence

This study represents a follow-up event-related potential (ERP) analysis of a prior investigation. The previous results showed that participants had most negative-tending ERPs in the mid-frontal brain region during exposure to neutral emotion pictures (compared to negative and positive pictures) while being accompanied by a significant other person (social presence condition). The present analysis aimed at investigating potential sex differences related to this phenomenon. Female and male participants’ brain activity data from the previous study were analyzed separately for one representative mid-frontal electrode location selected on the basis of having the highest significance level. As a result, only female participants showed significantly more negative-tending potentials in response to neutral pictures, compared to both other emotion categories (positive and negative) in the social presence condition. This was not found in male participants. The respective ERP effect was most dominant at 838 ms post stimulus onset, which is slightly later than the effect found in the prior study. However, this result is interpreted as evidence that the general effect from the prior study can be understood as a largely female phenomenon. In line with the prior study, the present results are interpreted as a predominantly female activation in the mid-frontal brain region in response to neutral picture stimuli while being accompanied by a significant other person (social presence condition). Although only speculative, this would align with previous studies demonstrating sex-related hormonal and structural differences in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In general, ACC activation has been associated with an integrative weighting function in ambiguous social settings, which makes sense given the ambiguous nature of neutral pictures in combination with a social presence condition.
Generalised Algorithm for Modelling of Solar Photo Voltaic Array under Partial Shadowed Conditions

Generalized algorithm for determining the I<inf>pv</inf>-V<inf>pv</inf> and P<inf>pv</inf>-V<inf>pv</inf> curves at given insolation and temperature of solar photovoltaic (SPV) array, under partial shadow conditions is proposed in this paper. The algorithm is proficient of developing the characteristics of SPV array of any configuration with any kind of shadow pattern. Individual module specifications are also inputted. A MATLAB code is developed for the algorithm and I<inf>pv</inf>-V<inf>pv</inf> and P<inf>pv</inf>-V<inf>pv</inf> curves of a sample system of [4*3] PV array are identified for ten shadow patterns. For each shadow pattern values of V<inf>mp</inf> and P<inf>mp</inf> (voltage and peak power) are also identified using the algorithm, which are further required for peak power point tracking (PPPT).