Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new method for the remote collection of nasal and exhaled nitric oxide.

STUDY OBJECTIVES The present study introduces a method that has been developed to improve the remote collection and transportation of gas samples from the nose and lungs. DESIGN Assessment of agreement between two methods of clinical measurements. SETTING Noninvasive exhaled gas measurement at a respiratory research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Ten nonsmoking adult volunteers (median age, 44 years; age range, 33 to 53 years; men, 6; women, 4) were recruited. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Exhaled nitric oxide (ENO) and nasal nitric oxide (NNO) outputs were measured directly (on-line) and remotely (off-line). With the velum closed, lung air was exhaled at fixed flows (ie, 6, 8, and 10 L/min) (ENO) or room-air was aspirated through the nose in series at one fixed flow (ie, 5 to 8 L/min) (NNO). The off-line nitric oxide (NO) measurements were achieved by a gas collection tube system, which consisted of a flow control unit, a tube reservoir with one-way valves at both ends, and an interrupter valve allowing the trapping of gas inside the tube and eliminating the inclusion of "dead space. " After clamping, the reservoir may store and transport the gas samples for delayed analysis. The coefficient of variation of three consecutive NO measurements was < 3% for both on-line and off-line ENO and NNO. The correlations between on-line and off-line measurements in both ENO and NNO outputs were high (r = 0.99; R(2) = 0.99), and, unlike previous studies using bag-collection, the ENO outputs for on-line and off-line measurements were in good agreement (Bland-Altman test) at all flows tested. CONCLUSIONS The tube gas collection system eliminates the dead space and contamination during the gas sampling and permits the cost-effective and reliable off-line collection of both nasal and exhaled gas samples.
Functional DNA Positions Change as Frequently as Do Neutral Ones

Much work has been done in statistically describing how DNA changes through evolution. Relative to models for neutral DNA sequence positions, models for functional DNA sequence positions usually include a far-from-uniform equil ibrium probability distribution and a significantly reduced r ate of change. We examine the mathematical basis for these modifications to the functional-DNA model. We find that, although non-lethal selection pressures will skew the equilibrium probability distribution of alleles, thus making fitter alleles more common in the population, selection pressures do not significantly affect the rate of allele change. Even beyond consideration of DNA sequences, the word “conservation” would more appropriately be used to indicat e the non-uniformity of an equilibrium probability distribu tion of alleles, rather than to denote a reduced rate of change. Th e design of statistical models of substitution for functiona l alleles should reflect this characterization.
Plant Turnover and Gross Employment Flows in the U.S. Manufacturing Sector

This article quantifies the role of plant construction, expansion, contraction, and closing in generating net and gross changes in U.S. manufacturing employment over the 1963-82 period. A new longitudinal data set, constructed from the plant-level observations collected in the last five Census of Manufactures, is utilized. The reallocation of employment opportunities across and within sectoral, regional, and cohort boundaries is measured. Over 70% of the turnover in employment opportunities occurs across plants within the same two-digit industry and geographic region. Systematic differences in the employment fluctuations of plants of different ages are also found.
Performance calculation for single-sided linear induction motors with a solid steel reaction plate under constant current excitation

We present an analysis of the single-sided linear induction motor with a solid-steel reaction plate. By solving for the two-dimensional field distribution in the airgap and in the secondary, the mutual reactance and secondary impedance are determined. The saturable characteristics of the rail steel, together with the hysteresis, the skin effect, the reaction of eddy currents, and both transverse edge and longitudinal end effects are included. Computations for motoring and for plugging operation under constant-current conditions are compared with experimental results from a large-scale test linear machine, and good agreement is obtained. The analysis, which can also be used for constant-voltage excitation, is valid over a wide range of operating conditions, and is useful for design studies.
Energy-Efficient Power Allocation Using Probabilistic Interference Model for OFDM-Based Green Cognitive Radio Networks

We study the energy-efficient power allocation techniques for OFDM-based cognitive radio (CR) networks, where a CR transmitter is communicating with CR receivers on a channel borrowed from licensed primary users (PUs). Due to non-orthogonality of the transmitted signals in the adjacent bands, both the PU and the cognitive secondary user (SU) cause mutual-interference. We assume that the statistical channel state information between the cognitive transmitter and the primary receiver is known. The secondary transmitter maintains a specified statistical mutual-interference limits for all the PUs communicating in the adjacent channels. Our goal is to allocate subcarrier power for the SU so that the energy efficiency metric is optimized as well as the mutual-interference on all the active PU bands are below specified bounds. We show that the green power loading problem is a fractional programming problem. We use Charnes-Cooper transformation technique to obtain an equivalent concave optimization problem for what the solution can be readily obtained. We also propose iterative Dinkelbach method using parametric objective function for the fractional program. Numerical results are given to show the effect of different interference parameters, rate and power thresholds, and number of PUs.
Writer recognition in cursive eye writing: A Bayesian model

Using a novel apparatus coupling a visual illusion with an eye tracker device, trained participants are able to generate smooth pursuit eye movements, even without a target to follow. This allows them to perform arbitrary continuous shapes, and, for instance, write letters with their eyes. In a previous study, based on data from a single writer (author JL), we developed and tested a Bayesian computational model -- the BAP-EOL model -- able to simulate character recognition. In the present study, data from different writers provide the opportunity to study the signal characteristics of eye-written letters. More precisely, we extend the model to perform writer recognition. Experimental results, and high performance we obtained, show that eye writing is as writer specific as handwriting is, and that motor idiosyncrasies are present in eye-written letters.
Alternative Hypotheses and the Volume of Trade: The Gravity Equation and the Extent of Specialization

We examine why the gravity equation works and the implications for its use. First, we demonstrate that the gravity equation as a statistical relationship can be generated from a model with incomplete specialization and trade costs. Second, we analyse the predominance of zero bilateral trade values as a `puzzle' broadly inconsistent with the complete specialization models typically used to derive the gravity equation, but consistent with the alternative hypothesis of incomplete specialization. Third, we demonstrate that the explanation for why the gravity equation works has considerable relevance for how the gravity equation is interpreted and used and how we view bilateral trade.
Inter-agent Data Flow Analysis of Abstract State Machines

This paper introduces an approach to apply data flow testing techniques to multi-agent abstract state machines. In particular, we analyze the different types of functions in ASMs and deal with the problem of functions that are monitored by a given agent but controlled by another one, functions that are shared between several agents, and derived functions. We revise the concepts of function definition, use in predicate, and use in computation accordingly, and show how definition-use paths are specified in these cases. Finally, we propose a model-checking based approach to derive automatically test cases satisfying a given set of data flow coverage criteria.
Bayesian solutions and performance analysis in bioelectric inverse problems

In bioelectric inverse problems, one seeks to recover bioelectric sources from remote measurements using a mathematical model that relates the sources to the measurements. Due to attenuation and spatial smoothing in the medium between the sources and the measurements, bioelectric inverse problems are generally ill-posed. Bayesian methodology has received increasing attention recently to combat this ill-posedness, since it offers a general formulation of regularization constraints and additionally provides statistical performance analysis tools. These tools include the estimation error covariance and the marginal probability density of the measurements (known as the "evidence") that allow one to predictively quantify and compare experimental designs. These performance analysis tools have been previously applied in inverse electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography, but only in relatively simple scenarios. The main motivation here was to extend the utility of Bayesian estimation techniques and performance analysis tools in bioelectric inverse problems, with a particular focus on electrocardiography. In a simulation study we first investigated whether Bayesian error covariance, computed without knowledge of the true sources and based on instead statistical assumptions, accurately predicted the actual reconstruction error. Our study showed that error variance was a reasonably reliable qualitative and quantitative predictor of estimation performance even when there was error in the prior model. We also examined whether the evidence statistic accurately predicted relative estimation performance when distinct priors were used. In a simple scenario our results support the hypothesis that the prior model that maximizes the evidence is a good choice for inverse reconstructions.
Comparison and Implementation of the Directional Geometric-Stochastic Based Channel Model

A mobile radio channel model is an essential prerequisite for the simulation, development and accurate testing of mobile radio systems. The European Co-operation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research (COST) projects have a long history of research about channel models. The COST 207 project in the 1980s and in the early 1990s played an important role in the development and approval of the GSM system. In the mid 1990s the COST 231 project focused mainly on the path loss of different radio environments. The third and the fourth generation of mobile radio systems take advantage of larger complex systems, like multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Therefore more detailed information about the radio channel has to be considered that was not addressed before, like: • The information about direction-of-arrivals (DoAs) at both ends of the radio system, and • Movements of the mobile station (MS) within a cell change the directional properties of the radio channel, like slowand fast-fading, distinct signal paths appear and vanish again.
Fundamentals of Medicare Patient Safety Surveillance: Intent, Relevance, and Transparency

Abstract : The Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System (MPSMS) is a national surveillance project aimed at identifying the rates of specific adverse events within the Medicare population. Created under the auspices of the Department of Health and Human Services' Patient Safety Task Force, this surveillance system identifies adverse events from randomly selected inpatient Medicare discharges and administrative data. This system is immense in scope and provides national rates of adverse events by employing explicit review criteria for all patient safety topics. The MPSMS explicit review is a patient-centered process focusing on patient harm rather than provider or system error, and has the following features: normalized inter-rater reliability; lower cost-per-chart reviewed than the traditional clinical expert-based implicit review; and the potential for comparative analysis across time and health care systems. A limitation to our approach is the reliance on administrative data to complete any post-discharge surveillance required. This paper explores the precepts behind the MPSMS review process. Three principles-intent, relevance, and transparency-describe the conceptual underpinnings for our approach.
Intelligent guidance in collision avoidance of maritime transportation

This paper focuses on an overview of an autonomous navigation system in maritime transportation that is supplied with intelligent guidance to avoid collision, while respecting the COLREGs rules and regulations and using expert knowledge in navigation for close quarter’s manoeuvres. The proposed collision avoidance process consists of two modules: a fuzzy logic based parallel decision making module and a Bayesian network based sequential action formulation module. Successful simulation results of the intelligent guidance in collision avoidance of maritime transportation that is capable of making multiple collision avoidance decisions and actions in order to avoid complex multi-vessel collision situations are also illustrated in this study.
Disintegration Processes and Connectivity in Random Graphs

The subject of this paper are Markov chains arising from the study of random graphs. The processes into consideration are interpreted as a discrete-time disintegration of radioactive atoms with anomalies. Our approach is based on (multivariate) generating functions which allow both exact analyses and asymptotic estimates. In particular, we investigate a traversing algorithm on random graphs and we derive distributions and moments for the number of isolated connected substructures in a random graph.
PUMAS: a framework based on ubiquitous agents for accessing web information systems through mobile devices

In this paper, we describe PUMAS [3], a framework based on Ubiquitous Agents for accessing Web Information Systems (WIS) through Mobile Devices (MD). The objective of PUMAS is to adapt the information delivered to a nomadic user (who often changes her/his location) according to her/his preferences, intentions and history in the system and, to the limited capacities of her/his MD. We use some AUML (Agent Unified Modelling Language) [11] diagrams for representing the messages exchange between the agents and the PUMAS components.
A new video search approach based on user's preference and query ambiguity

Common re-ranking algorithms such as PageRank and HITS are not suitable for text-based video search approaches. Methods that utilize addition information (such as video length, release time) require too much user participation and cannot meet the different need of the users with different preference. Personalized search that collect users' preference information implicitly and re-rank the search result automatically can be used to re-rank search results for the text-based video search approach. Most existing personalized approaches only utilize users' long term preference or short term preference. They ignore the ambiguity difference among queries and suffer from adverse affects brought by improper personalized strategy over queries with certain ambiguity. We propose a new search approach and develop a system called CMSearch. CMSearch utilizes both users' long term preference and short term preference to capture us.ers' preference and makes use of the query ambiguity to adjust the utilization of the preference. Performance tests show that the system archives an average Ranking Score improvement of 37.52%.
Effectiveness of visual schedule in combination with sensory-integration therapy for developing self-care in children with autism

Background: Developmental disorders like autism are heterogeneous and lifelong disorder which will have mild-to-severe limitations for which they rely heavily on others for support in self-care, daily living, employment, relation, and overall independent living. Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore the effect of visual scheduling for developing self-care in children with autism and to incorporate the visual scheduling as a therapeutic intervention in combination with sensory integration therapy (SIT). Study Design: This was pretest–posttest control group design. Methods: Convenient sample of 32 children with autism were screened with childhood autism rating scale (CARS) were allotted to experimental and control group. The pretest score was taken using Wee-FIM, after that, both groups underwent 12 weeks of intervention. Experimental group followed conventional therapy (SIT) along with visual schedule protocol of self-care and control group followed conventional therapy and the culture-based rearing techniques. The potential impact of the program on participation was assessed as post Wee-FIM score. Results: The present study aimed at knowing the effectiveness of the combined approach of visual schedule and SIT for increasing self-care in children with autism. Statistical analysis shows that there is a significant difference between both groups after posttest. Result shows the change in mean score 25.56–40.43. Moreover, the result is highly significant at the level of P = 0.00 (95% confidence interval). Conclusions: This study shows the combined effect of visual schedule and SIT is an effective intervention to improve self-care activities in children with autism.
The influence of temperature on muscle velocity and sustained performance in swimming carp.

The aim of this study was to evaluate how fish locomote at different muscle temperatures. Sarcomere length excursion and muscle shortening velocity, V, were determined from high-speed motion pictures of carp, Cyprinus carpio (11-14 cm), swimming steadily at various sustained speeds at 10, 15 and 20 degrees C. In the middle and posterior regions of the carp, sarcomeres of the lateral red muscle underwent cyclical excursions of 0.31 microns, centered around the resting length of 2.06 microns (i.e. from 1.91 to 2.22 microns). The amplitudes of the sarcomere length excursions were essentially independent of swimming speed and temperature. As tail-beat frequency increased linearly with swimming speed regardless of temperature, the sarcomeres underwent the same length changes in a shorter time. Thus, V increased in a linear and temperature-independent manner with swimming speed. Neither temperature nor swimming speed had an influence on tail-beat amplitude or tail height. Our findings indicate that muscle fibres are used only over a narrow, temperature-independent range of V/Vmax (0.17-0.36) where power and efficiency are maximal. Carp start to recruit their white muscles at swimming speeds where the red muscle V/Vmax becomes too high (and thus power output declines). When the V/Vmax of the active muscle falls too low during steady swimming, carp switch to 'burst-and-coast' swimming, apparently to keep V/Vmax high. Because Vmax (maximum velocity of shortening) of carp red muscle has a Q10 of 1.63, the transition speeds between swimming styles are lower at lower temperatures. Thus, carp recruit their white anaerobic muscle at a lower swimming speed at lower temperatures (verified by electromyography), resulting in a lower maximum sustainable swimming speed. The present findings also indicate that, to generate the same total force and power to swim at a given speed, carp at 10 degrees C must recruit about 50% greater fibre cross-sectional area than they do at 20 degrees C.
Robust hybrid framework for automatic facial expression recognition

Over the last few years, facial expression recognition is an active research field, which has an extensive range of applications in the area of social interaction, social intelligence, autism detection and Human-computer interaction. In this paper, a robust hybrid framework is presented to recognize the facial expressions, which enhances the efficiency and speed of recognition system by extracting significant features of a face. In the proposed framework, feature representation and extraction are done by using Local Binary Patterns (LBP) and Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG). Later, the dimensionalities of the obtained features are reduced using Compressive Sensing (CS) algorithm and classified using multiclass SVM classifier. We investigated the performance of the proposed hybrid framework on two public databases such as CK+ and JAFFE data sets. The investigational results show that the proposed hybrid framework is a promising framework for recognizing and identifying facial expressions with varying illuminations and poses in real time.
ExoMol line lists IV: The rotation-vibration spectrum of methane up to 1500 K

A new hot line list is calculated for 12 CH4 in its ground electronic state. This line list, called 10to10, contains 9.8 billion transitions and should be complete for temperatures up to 1500 K. It covers the wavelengths longer than 1 µm and includes all transitions to upper states with energies below hc · 18 000 cm −1 and rotational excitation up to J = 39. The line list is computed using the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of CH4 obtained by variational solution of the Schr¨ odinger equation for the rotation–vibration motion of nuclei employing program TROVE and a new ‘spectroscopic’ potential energy surface (PES) obtained by refining an ab initio PES (CCSD(T)-F12c/aug-cc-pVQZ) through least-squares fitting to the experimentally derived energies with J = 0−4 and a previously reported ab initio dipole moment surface (CCSD(T)F12c/aug-cc-pVTZ). Detailed comparisons with other available sources of methane transitions including HITRAN, experimental compilations and other theoretical line lists show that these sources lack transitions both higher temperatures and near-infrared wavelengths. The 10to10 line list is suitable for modelling atmospheres of cool stars and exoplanets. It is available from the CDS data base as well as at www.exomol. com.
Content strategies of the future: between games and stories -- crossroads for the video game industry

The video game industry is the combination of two worlds: technology (IT) and show-biz/media/cultural industries. This paper explores this tension by exposing the shortcomings of the culture economics perspective and its lack of understanding for the unique characteristics of the video game medium, thus subsequently proposing a deeper analysis of the medium by turning to literary theoretical perspectives on games, such as ludology and narratology. Due the lack of technological dimensions in its theoretical framework, narratology is deemed less fruitful as an analytical tool and ludology is preferred. Ludology, with Espen Aarseth's cybertext theory elucidates aspects of "interactivity", author-medium-reader power relations and the mechanical organization of textual machines, which provides perspectives on practice in the video game industry.