Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Framework for Enhancing Requirements Engineering Processes: a Conceptual view of Health Information System

engineering (RE) involves understanding the needs of stakeholders, the contexts in which the to-be- developed software will be used; analysing, negotiating, and documenting the stakeholders' requirements; and managing requirement evolution. This is achieved through a process called requirement engineering process. Therefore, the ability to improve software products in order to meet the needs of these stakeholders within today's challenging and fast-paced environment is a great concern in the software development industries. This paper is aimed at presenting an enhanced framework for reasoning about RE process in terms of skill enhancement within the scope of software engineering (SE) and information system development (ISD) using the health information system (HIS) as an example to conceptualize the idea. The paper justifies requirement engineering as a process like all other SE and ISD activities to be adapted to the needs of the processes, the products, the projects and the people doing the work in a conceptual framework for quality improvement. The paper conceptualized this by considering the university as the domain where information system, software system, and healthcare research is carried out for knowledge acquisition that proffers solutions to the software organisations where skills are enhanced. This is with the view to improve the customer organisations where the products, processes and services are used. The framework strive to suggest the enhancement of RE process skills to what the stakeholders wants, which serve to establish a solid foundation for the design and construction of what the stakeholders' gets. As such, a framework to enhance the ability to develop software products for the healthcare domain with the aim of meeting the needs of all system stakeholders and to ensure that the development process is going on the right tract is very important.
Sex and Pregnancy in Adolescence

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Limited discussions between clinicians and patients about prognosis reduce the likelihood of hospice referral

• BACKGROUND Although nurses are ideally situated to facilitate communication about prognosis and hospice referral among patients, patients’ family members, and hospital staff, nurses do not always assume this task. • OBJECTIVE To identify common obstacles to nurses’ discussions of prognosis and referral to hospice care with terminally ill patients in the hospital setting. • METHODS Data from a previous study were analyzed. In that study, a total of 174 experienced staff nurses working full-time in hospital practice areas where terminally ill patients routinely receive care at 6 randomly selected community hospitals in Connecticut participated. Each nurse completed a selfadministered, cross-sectional survey. In this study, the open-ended responses of the nurses were examined by using content analysis and descriptive analysis. • RESULTS The most common obstacles were unwillingness of a patient or the patient’s family to accept the prognosis and/or hospice, sudden death or noncommunicative status of the patient, belief of physicians’ hesitance, nurses’ discomfort, and nurses’ desire to maintain hope among patients and patients’ families. • CONCLUSIONS The reasons for noncommunication of prognosis and referral to hospice care by nurses are complex. Because limited discussion between clinicians and patients about prognosis and treatment options can reduce the likelihood of referral to hospice care, improved communication skills may result in more referrals and a smoother transition to hospice. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2005; 14:64-70) NURSES’ COMMUNICATION OF PROGNOSIS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR HOSPICE REFERRAL: A STUDY OF NURSES CARING FOR TERMINALLY ILL HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS
Changes in teachers' conceptions of critical thinking

This study investigated the changes in teachers ' concept ions of critical thinking as they implemented a new curriculum resource that was based on a critical thinking approach. It descr ibed the teachers ' ideas about the purposes for, benefits of, problems encountered while, and condit ions requisite to teaching critical thinking. It a lso took into account the changes in teachers ' concept ions of critical thinking within the unique context of a fai th-based independent schoo l . The school was located in a large metropolitan district in British Co lumbia . Three intermediate teachers (grades five and six) in one elementary school were interviewed at the beginning, middle and end of the implementation period to gather their percept ions about teaching critical thinking while using the new materials. The interview transcripts were ana lyzed for indicators of change for each teacher 's concept ion of teaching critical thinking, and then analyzed for similarities and differences between the teachers ' reported exper iences. It was found that the first year teacher, who was very knowledgeable about the new resource through her university training, exper ienced change by way of disappointment from unmet expectat ions and struggled to implement the critical thinking pedagogy and curriculum content due to various complexit ies assoc ia ted with being a beginning teacher. Another teacher with a dozen years of c lassroom exper ience enthusiastical ly implemented the new unit and was highly focused on the execut ion of the lessons. She , however, did not invest t ime in
Performance Analysis of MapReduce Program in Heterogeneous Cloud Computing

The research of Hadoop is an important part of cloud computing industry, and Hadoop performance research is a key research direction. The Hadoop performance analysis as a basic work can provide important reference for other performance optimization researches. In this paper, based on previous researches of server performance analysis, we propose a node performance measurement method on Hadoop. We describe in detail how to measure the performance value of each node in heterogeneous Hadoop cluster and evaluate measurement results by running MapReduce programs. Meanwhile, the method has also been implemented and evaluated in real-world Hadoop cluster. Experiment results show that the method can accurately measure the performance value of each node. Based on this research, users can have a comprehensive and objective understanding of their own Hadoop cluster and then make optimization and improvement on Hadoop
Estimating effective connectivity in linear brain network models

Contemporary neuroscience has embraced network science to study the complex and self-organized structure of the human brain. One of the main outstanding issues is that of inferring, from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, the so-called effective connectivity in brain networks, which models the causal interactions among neuronal populations. This inverse problem is complicated by the fact that the BOLD (Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent) signal measured by fMRI is a dynamic and nonlinear function (the hemodynamic response) of neuronal activity. In this paper, we consider resting-state (rs) fMRI data: building upon a linear population model of the hemodynamic response and a stochastic linear DCM model, the model parameters are estimated through an EM-type iterative procedure, which alternately estimates the neuronal activity by means of the Rauch-Tung-Striebel (RTS) smoother, updates the connections among neuronal states and refines the parameters of the hemodynamic model. A state-of-the-art iteratively reweighted scheme is adapted to the problem to favour sparsity in the interconnection structure. Experimental results using rs-fMRI data are shown, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach in comparison with state-of-the-art routines (SPM12 toolbox).
Spatio-temporal Facial Features for HRI Scenarios

Human faces are mostly seen in actions conveying various information in our daily life communication. On the other hand, human brains are capable of extracting this essential information in a very short interval of time resulting in a better interaction with others. For example, in interactive scenarios where human beings are assisted by intelligent systems or robots, it is quite useful to extract sufficient information about the interacting person. In this paper we study biometric and soft-biometric traits of the humans by using their face information using a single feature set which is representative of person's identity, gender and facial behavior. This problem is addressed using spatio-temporal multifeatures (STMF) extracted from image sequences using a 3D face model. Further, this feature set provides robustness against varying head poses and facial expressions. Experiments have been performed on laboratory captured images and three benchmark databases under varying poses and facial expressions. The results have been discussed comparatively with different approaches.
Routing and security analysis in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs)

Life has become speedy in current scenario and vehicles play a vital role in this never ending race. Smart vehicles equipped with latest gadgets are becoming a part of intelligent transportation system (ITS) and point of attraction among drivers. Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is the environment of such smart vehicles that makes traffic functionality smooth and develops a path of infotainment while one is on a journey. A lot of research emphases on routing and security aspects of VANETs. This paper reviews different routing techniques, security measures and highlights some simulators available for VANETs.
Risk Factors Associated With Resistance to Ciprofloxacin in Clinical Bacterial Isolates From Intensive Care Unit Patients

Objective. To determine risk factors and outcomes associated with ciprofloxacin resistance in clinical bacterial isolates from intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Design. Prospective cohort study. Setting. Twenty-bed medical-surgical ICU in a Canadian tertiary care teaching hospital. Patients. All patients admitted to the ICU with a stay of at least 72 hours between January 1 and December 31, 2003. Methods. Prospective surveillance to determine patient comorbidities, use of medical devices, nosocomial infections, use of antimicrobials, and outcomes. Characteristics of patients with a ciprofloxacin-resistant gram-negative bacterial organism were compared with characteristics of patients without these pathogens. Results. Ciprofloxacin-resistant organisms were recovered from 20 (6%) of 338 ICU patients, representing 38 (21%) of 178 nonduplicate isolates of gram-negative bacilli. Forty-nine percent of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates and 29% of Escherichia coli isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. In a multivariate analysis, independent risk factors associated with the recovery of a ciprofloxacin-resistant organism included duration of prior treatment with ciprofloxacin (relative risk [RR], 1.15 per day [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.08-1.23]; P < .001), duration of prior treatment with levofloxacin (RR, 1.39 per day [95% CI, 1.01-1.91]; P = .04), and length of hospital stay prior to ICU admission (RR, 1.02 per day [95% CI, 1.01-1.03]; P = .005). Neither ICU mortality (15% of patients with a ciprofloxacin-resistant isolate vs 23% of patients with a ciprofloxacin-susceptible isolate; P = .58 ) nor in-hospital mortality (30% vs 34%; P = .81 ) were statistically significantly associated with ciprofloxacin resistance. Conclusions. ICU patients are at risk of developing infections due to ciprofloxacin-resistant organisms. Variables associated with ciprofloxacin resistance include prior use of fluoroquinolones and duration of hospitalization prior to ICU admission. Recognition of these risk factors may influence antibiotic treatment decisions.
STUNTED mediates the control of cell proliferation by GA in Arabidopsis

Gibberellins (GA) are an important family of plant growth regulators, which are essential for many aspects of plant growth and development. In the GA signaling pathway, the action of GA is opposed by a group of DELLA family repressors, such as RGA. Although the mechanisms of action of the DELLA proteins have been studied in great detail, the effectors that act downstream of DELLA proteins and bring about GA-responsive growth and development remain largely unknown. In this study, we have characterized STUNTED (STU), a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK) VI family gene, which is ubiquitously detectable in all the tissues examined. RGA activity and GA signaling specifically mediate the levels of STU transcripts in shoot apices that contain actively dividing cells. stu-1 loss-of-function mutants exhibit retarded growth in many aspects of plant development. During the vegetative phase, stu-1 seedlings develop smaller leaves and shorter roots than wild-type seedlings, while during the reproductive phase, stu-1 exhibits delayed floral transition and lower fertility. The reduced stature of stu-1 partly results from a reduction in cell proliferation. Furthermore, we present evidence that STU serves as an important regulator mediating the control of cell proliferation by GA possibly through two cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, SIM and SMR1. Taken together, our results suggest that STU acts downstream of RGA and promotes cell proliferation in the GA pathway.
Body Image Change in Obese and Overweight Persons Enrolled in Weight Loss Intervention Programs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

To report the results of a systematic review and meta-analysis examining whether weight loss interventions improve body image in obese/overweight individuals. Medline, Current Contents, and the Cochrane database were searched to identify studies involving obese/overweight adults who were enrolled in weight loss interventions in which body image was quantitatively assessed. Outcomes assessed were changes in body shape concern, body size dissatisfaction, and body satisfaction (intervention vs comparator/control group). Seven studies were included in the systematic review (4 in the meta-analysis). All but 1 study involved female participants only. The type of weight loss intervention varied between studies as did the type of control/comparator group. In 3 studies, there was no significant difference in body image outcomes, whereas in 4 studies, improvement in body image was significantly more pronounced in the intervention vs the control/comparator group. Meta-analysis revealed that improvements in body shape concern (standardized difference: -0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.04 to 0.00), body size dissatisfaction (standardized difference: -0.66; 95% CI: -0.88 to -0.45), and body satisfaction (standardized difference: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.09 to 1.38) significantly favored the intervention over the comparator/control group (P<0.05). The results of this systematic review/meta-analysis lend support to the notion that weight loss interventions may improve body image. This is a noteworthy finding that has clear clinical applicability because body image affects psychological well-being and the ability of an individual to maintain weight loss. Future research should determine which weigh loss interventions are associated with optimal improvements in body image and maintenance of weight loss.
Neuromorphic system with phase-change synapses for pattern learning and feature extraction

Neuromorphic systems provide biologically inspired methods of computing, alternative to the classical von Neumann approach. In these systems, computation is performed by a network of spiking neurons controlled by the values of their synaptic weights, which are updated in the process of learning. Providing efficient synaptic learning rules, such as spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), is a challenging task. These rules need to primarily use local information, but simultaneously develop a knowledge representation that is useful in the global context. From the implementation viewpoint, they also need to be suited for particular hardware technology. In this work, we propose a system with spiking neurons and synapses realized using phase-change devices. We design in a bottom-up manner an architecture for pattern learning and feature extraction. Experimental results from a prototype hardware platform demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed neuromorphic system.
Using relative handgrip strength to identify children at risk of sarcopenic obesity

Identifying children at risk of developing childhood sarcopenic obesity often requires specialized equipment and costly testing procedures, so cheaper and quicker methods would be advantageous, especially in field-based settings. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between the muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR) and relative handgrip strength, and to determine the ability of handgrip strength relative to body mass index (grip-to-BMI) to identify children who are at risk of developing sarcopenic obesity. Grip-to-BMI was measured in 730 Czech children (4 to 14 yrs). Bioelectrical impedance was used to estimate body fat mass and skeletal muscle mass, from which the MFR was calculated. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.791 (95% CI 0.692–0.890, p ˂ 0.001) in girls 4–9; 0.789 (95% CI 0.688–0.890, p ˂ 0.001) in girls 10–14 years old; 0.719 (95% CI 0.607–0.831, p = 0.001) in boys 4–9; and 0.896 (95% CI 0.823–0.969, p ˂ 0.001) in boys 10–14 years old. Calculated using the grip-to-BMI ratio, the OR (95% CI) for girls to be at risk of sarcopenic obesity identified by MFR was 9.918 (4.243–23.186, p ˂ 0.001) and was 11.515 (4.280–30.982, p ˂ 0.001) for boys. The grip-to-BMI ratio can be used to predict the presence of sarcopenic obesity in children, which can play a role in pediatric health interventions.
Environmental Exposure to Metals and Children's Growth to Age 5 Years: A Prospective Cohort Study

In this prospective cohort study, based on 1,505 mother-infant pairs in rural Bangladesh, we evaluated the associations between early-life exposure to arsenic, cadmium, and lead, assessed via concentrations in maternal and child urine, and children's weights and heights up to age 5 years, during the period 2001–2009. Concurrent and prenatal exposures were evaluated using linear regression analysis, while longitudinal exposure was assessed using mixed-effects linear regression. An inverse association was found between children's weight and height, age-adjusted z scores, and growth velocity at age 5 years and concurrent exposure to cadmium and arsenic. In the longitudinal analysis, multivariable-adjusted attributable differences in children's weight at age 5 years were −0.33 kg (95% confidence interval (CI): −0.60, −0.06) for high (≥95th percentile) arsenic exposure and −0.57 kg (95% CI: −0.88, −0.26) for high cadmium exposure, in comparison with children with the lowest exposure (≤5th percentile). Multivariable-adjusted attributable differences in height were −0.50 cm (95% CI: −1.20, 0.21) for high arsenic exposure and −1.6 cm (95% CI: −2.4, −0.77) for high cadmium exposure. The associations were apparent primarily among girls. The negative effects on children's growth at age 5 years attributable to arsenic and cadmium were of similar magnitude to the difference between girls and boys in terms of weight (−0.67 kg, 95% CI: −0.82, −0.53) and height (−1.3 cm, 95% CI: −1.7, −0.89).
Monitoring of Water Pollution and Its Consequences: An Overview

— Water a vital component for all living forms is derived from variety of sources, including surface water (rivers, lakes, reservoirs and ponds) and ground water (aquifers). Over the years of time, water bodies are subjected to human interference regularly resulting in deterioration of water quality. Therefore, pollution of water bodies has become matter of global concern. As the water quality closely relate to human health, water analysis before usage is of immense importance. Improper management of water bodies can cause serious problems in availability and quality of water. The quality of water may be described according to their physicochemical and microbiological characteristics. For effective maintenance of water quality through appropriate control measures, continuous monitoring of metals, physico-chemical and biological parameter is essential for the establishment of baseline data for the water quality in any study area. The present study has focused on to explore the status of water pollution in various areas and to estimate the magnitude of its toxicity using different bioassay. conductivity total dissolved
Who Are Our Students? A Multi-Assessment Approach to Characterizing an Undergraduate Biomedical Engineering Student Population

The current student population in higher education consists of a diverse and rapidly changing collection of individuals with different personalities, learning styles, values and backgrounds. Learning is a highly personal activity and how any given student responds to a learning opportunity will depend on their individual characteristics. It is highly improbable, therefore, seems unlikely that optimal learning outcomes can be achieved by using only a single instructional style in such a varied and variable student population. A better approach would be to provide a diverse set of instructional methods matched to the diversity of the target audience. To create such a personalized level of instruction, a greater understanding of the students’ personalities, learning styles and values is needed. As a first step, we applied a battery of various learning and personality tests to a segment of the undergraduate population of biomedical engineering students at Drexel University in order to obtain some sense of the level of diversity in this group. We uncovered considerable complexity, more than any one measure could adequately capture. Our findings indicate multiple assessments can provide valuable information that can be used by instructors to customize teaching methods to match relevant student attributes.
Crystal structures of ethyl (2S*,2′R*)-1′-methyl-2′′,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydrodispiro[1-benzothiophene-2,3′-pyrrolidine-2′,3′′-indoline]-4′-carboxylate and ethyl (2S*,2′R*)-5′′-chloro-1′-methyl-2′′,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydrodispiro[1-benzothiophene-2,3′-pyrrolidine-2′,3′′-indoline]-4′-carboxylate

The title compounds, (I) and (II), are dispiro-indole-pyrrolidine-benzothiophene derivatives, with (II) having a chlorine substituent on the oxoindole unit. As a result, the conformation of the two molecules differs in the angle of inclination of the indole moiety with respect to the benzothiophene ring system, with a dihedral angle of 71.59 (5) in (I) and 82.27 (7)° in (II).