Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transport, stability, and biological activity of resveratrol

Numerous studies have reported interesting properties of trans‐resveratrol, a phytoalexin, as a preventive agent of several important pathologies: vascular diseases, cancers, viral infections, and neurodegenerative processes. These beneficial effects of resveratrol have been supported by observations at the cellular and molecular levels in both cellular and in vivo models, but the cellular fate of resveratrol remains unclear. We suggest here that resveratrol uptake, metabolism, and stability of the parent molecule could influence the biological effects of resveratrol. It appears that resveratrol stability involves redox reactions and biotransformation that influence its antioxidant properties. Resveratrol's pharmacokinetics and metabolism represent other important issues, notably, the putative effects of its metabolites on pathology models. For example, some metabolites, mainly sulfate‐conjugated resveratrol, show biological effects in cellular models. The modifications of resveratrol stability, chemical structure, and metabolism could change its cellular and molecular targets and could be crucial for improving or decreasing its chemopreventive properties.
A nonsteroidal glucocorticoid receptor agonist inhibits allergen-induced late asthmatic responses.

RATIONALE Effective antiinflammatory therapies are needed for the treatment of asthma, but preferably without the systemic adverse effects of glucocorticosteroids. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the effect of an inhaled nonsteroidal glucocorticoid receptor agonist, AZD5423, on allergen-induced responses. METHODS Twenty subjects with mild allergic asthma were randomized to receive 7 days of treatment with nebulized AZD5423 (75 or 300 μg) once daily, budesonide 200 μg twice daily via Turbuhaler, or placebo in a double-blind, four-period, crossover design study. Allergen challenge was performed on Day 6. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS FEV1 was measured repeatedly for 7 hours after allergen challenge for early and late asthmatic responses. Sputum inflammatory cells was measured before and at 7 and 24 hours after allergen challenge, and methacholine airway responsiveness was measured before and 24 hours after allergen challenge. AZD5423 significantly attenuated the fall in FEV1 during the late asthmatic response (both doses led to an 8.7% fall) versus placebo (14% fall) (P < 0.05) with no effect of budesonide (12.5% fall) versus placebo (P > 0.05). There was no effect on the fall in FEV1 during early asthmatic response. AZD5423 300 and 75 μg significantly attenuated allergen-induced sputum eosinophilia by 63 and 61% at 7 hours, respectively, and by 46 and 34% at 24 hours after allergen challenge, respectively, versus placebo (all P < 0.05). Budesonide did not reduce allergen-induced sputum eosinophilia versus placebo. AZD5423 at 300 μg significantly attenuated allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness at 24 hours after allergen challenge versus placebo (P < 0.05). Both doses of AZD5423 were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Seven-day treatment with inhalation of the nonsteroidal glucocorticoid receptor agonist AZD5423 effectively reduced allergen-induced responses in subjects with mild allergic asthma. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials. gov (NCT01225549).
Genome Sequencing and Comparative Analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains of the Peterhof Genetic Collection

The Peterhof genetic collection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (PGC) is a large laboratory stock that has accumulated several thousands of strains for over than half a century. It originated independently of other common laboratory stocks from a distillery lineage (race XII). Several PGC strains have been extensively used in certain fields of yeast research but their genomes have not been thoroughly explored yet. Here we employed whole genome sequencing to characterize five selected PGC strains including one of the closest to the progenitor, 15V-P4, and several strains that have been used to study translation termination and prions in yeast (25-25-2V-P3982, 1B-D1606, 74-D694, and 6P-33G-D373). The genetic distance between the PGC progenitor and S288C is comparable to that between two geographically isolated populations. The PGC seems to be closer to two bakery strains than to S288C-related laboratory stocks or European wine strains. In genomes of the PGC strains, we found several loci which are absent from the S288C genome; 15V-P4 harbors a rare combination of the gene cluster characteristic for wine strains and the RTM1 cluster. We closely examined known and previously uncharacterized gene variants of particular strains and were able to establish the molecular basis for known phenotypes including phenylalanine auxotrophy, clumping behavior and galactose utilization. Finally, we made sequencing data and results of the analysis available for the yeast community. Our data widen the knowledge about genetic variation between Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and can form the basis for planning future work in PGC-related strains and with PGC-derived alleles.
EARNINGS OF PART‐TIME WORKERS IN RETAILING

In this second of a series of articles dealing with aspects of wage payment and employment in retail distribution, the authors turn their attention to the question of part‐time workers. These have increased substantially in recent years: for women only the proportion of part‐time employment rose from 31% in 1957 to 43% in 1966. The research has been funded by the Social Science Research Council.
Public Participation in Election Management

The 2000 presidential election brought to the fore many problems that have existed in the administration of elections. This article examines the importance of public involvement in the management of elections, especially as it pertains to serving the needs of voters for whom English is not their first language. The Los Angeles County Community Voter Outreach Committee is a model of community participation that demonstrates the benefits to both administrators and to voters of public participation in election management. Analysis of this model also illustrates the broader implications of this method of management for serving other special populations of citizens, an issue that will become more critical to managers as the nation’s population becomes more diverse and has a larger number of citizens with special needs.
Sustainability as a strategy of responsible and competitive development

The aim of this paper is to analyze a competitiveness strategy based on sustainability to lead the way to a model of responsible and competitive development. The analysis takes as its starting point the assumption that the maturity of a sustainable business strategy positively affects competitiveness. The used method is the critical analysis. Among other results of this analysis concludes that the current business strategy seeks a system ecologically appropriate, economically viable and socially fair to reach sustainable equilibrium. This strategy based on sustainability must be promoted by the institutions and strengthened by the capabilities and resources that each company counts on to develop advantages to foster the overall development and achieve the maximization of benefits from the tangible and intangible perspectives.
Works councils and employment growth in German establishments

Using data from German manufacturing establishments, this article examines the relationship between works councils and employment growth. Taking the endogeneity of councils into account, the estimates show a positive growth effect of works councils. This suggests that the performance-enhancing voice role of German works councils dominates their monopoly role. Moreover, the findings of this study support the hypothesis that workers are more likely to implement a council to protect their quasi-rents when the establishment is facing a long-term crisis. Copyright The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Cambridge Political Economy Society. All rights reserved. , Oxford University Press.
Does the nose know? The odiferous diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.

thelial cells: type III capsular polysaccharide attenuates invasion. Infect Immun 1993; 61: 478–85. 9. Linder AM, Johansson L, Thulin, P, et al. Contact-system activation, release of heparin-binding protein and evidence of viable group A streptococcus in skin biopsies from patients with erysipelas [abstract B-1044]. In: Program and abstracts of the 46th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (San Francisco). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2006:47.
Consumer attitudes to genetically modified organisms in food in the UK

This paper reports a study of UK consumer attitudes to genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food and the extent to which these attitudes translate into willingness to pay to avoid these products. The results indicate the relative importance of different aspects of the food system in forming food preferences, and that GM food is only one of a number of concerns, albeit a significant one. Attitudes towards organic food are found to be a useful indicator of attitudes towards GM technology, as the preference structure that underlies the former also appears to inform the latter. Significant differences are found between attitudes to GM food in which plants are modified by the introduction of genes from other plants and those in which plants are modified by the introduction of genes from animals and plants. Copyright 2001, Oxford University Press.
Compositional scheduling analysis using standard event models

Eingebettete Echtzeitsysteme mussen eine Vielzahl von Zeit- und Performanzanforderungen erfullen, z.B. maximale Reaktionszeiten oder vorgegebene Kommunikationsbandbreiten. Die Echtzeiteigenschaften hangen stark vom Zusammenspiel der Einzelkomponenten sowie deren Scheduling ab. Unglucklicherweise fuhrt gerade die in der Praxis etablierte Wiederverwendung von spezialisierten Komponenten zu einer Heterogenitat, die die Schedulinganalyse zusatzlich erschwert. Die heute eingesetzten Simulationsverfahren sind zusehends unzuverlassig, da die kritischen Randfalle in der Praxis kaum mehr vollstandig bestimmt werden konnen. Als Alternative wurde eine Vielzahl systematischer und formaler Ansatze vorgeschlagen. Meist sind diese jedoch entweder auf spezielle Teilprobleme beschrankt oder fur den Allgemeinfall zu unhandlich und finden daher nur eine geringe Akzeptanz in der industriellen Praxis. In dieser Arbeit wird ein neues Verfahren zur Schedulinganalyse vorgestellt, das a) die steigende Komplexitat und Heterogenitat angemessen erfasst, b) uber die Modularitat und Flexibilitat verfugt, die mit Wiederverwendung und Integration erforderlich ist, und c) die Integration durch ein nachvollziehbares Analysemodell unterstutzt. Das Analysemodell erfasst die komplexen Abhangigkeiten zwischen Komponenten mit Hilfe von intuitiven, standardisierten Ereignismodellen. Die klare Strukturierung dieser Schnittstellen erlaubt erstmals die modulare Komposition von Analysen heterogener Systemteile. Dies gibt Entwicklern die notige Flexibilitat, ihre bevorzugten lokalen Entwurfsmethoden zu benutzen, ohne auf die globale Schedulinganalyse verzichten zu mussen. Das Verfahren bildet die Grundlage fur das SymTA/S Analysewerkzeug und ist in der Praxis sehr effizient einsetzbar, womit sich eine ernstzunehmende und viel versprechende Erganzung zur heute etablierten Performanz-Simulation eroffnet.
Multinational presence and labour productivity differentials in Indonesian manufacturing, 1975–2001

Foreign multinational corporations (MNCs) have accounted for important shares of employment and production in Indonesian manufacturing since 1975, and these shares increased especially rapidly in the early to mid-1990s. These increases were concentrated in the machinery industries and in MNCs with large foreign ownership shares, and continued through the crisis of 1997–98 and beyond, despite apparently large withdrawals of inward foreign direct investment in 1998 and subsequent years. MNCs generally had much higher average labour productivity than local plants and, after controlling for plant-level variation in electricity consumption per employee, size and vintage, we found that these differentials persisted in about three-quarters of the cases examined. However, there was also large variation in MNC presence and in MNC–local productivity differentials across industries and time, with statistically insignificant differentials most common in apparel and footwear, as well as in MNCs with small foreign-ownership shares.
The Politics of Attention: How Government Prioritizes Problems

The Politics of Attention: How Government Prioritizes Problems. By Bryan D. Jones and Frank R. Baumgartner. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005. 304p. $70.00 cloth, $25.00 paper. This book is about policy change in the U.S. national government. Drawing on their exhaustive collection of policy data for the last three decades, Bryan Jones and Frank Baumgartner make a very persuasive argument for their “punctuated equilibrium” theory of public policy. The authors detail a catalog of reasons why policy changes are typically small, including (among other things) individual-level “bounded rationality” and institutional properties like “friction. ” These many factors combine to produce policy that appears to change incrementally most of the time, but there are infrequent moments in which major change is observed. The amount of nonincremental change is linked to the nature of political institutions and to the stages of the policy process. The final stage of the process—legislative change—is costly and slow, producing infrequent change, while changes in the earlier stages are less costly and therefore more frequent.
The Effect of Legal Environment on Voluntary Disclosure: Evidence from Management Earnings Forecasts Issued in U.S. and Canadian Markets

Citing fear of legal liability as a partial explanation, prior research documents (1) managers' reluctance to voluntarily disclose management earnings forecasts, and (2) greater forecast disclosure frequencies in periods of bad news. We provide evidence on how management earnings forecast disclosure differs between the United States (U.S.) and Canada, two otherwise similar business environments with different legal regimes. Canadian securities laws and judicial interpretations create a far less litigious environment than exists in the U.S. We find a greater frequency of management earnings forecast disclosure in Canada relative to the U.S. Further, although U.S. managers are relatively more likely to issue forecasts during interim periods in which earnings decrease, Canadian managers do not exhibit that tendency. Instead, Canadian managers issue more forecasts when earnings are increasing, and their forecasts are of annual rather than interim earnings. Also consistent with a less litigious environment, Ca.
Accounting Publications and Research in Spain: First Half of the 20th Century

In this survey we present (after an Introduction) a guide to the major doctrinal trends of Spanish accounting of the period, classified in various categories: different views of the scientific nature of accounting, dominant theories, purposes of accounting, special areas, views on classification and on the recording of transactions, views on valuation and depreciation, cost accounting, inflationary issues, auditing, accounting terminology, historical concerns, and the practical orientation of publications. A separate section offers further details about prominent Spanish scholars; it is followed by the conclusion. The latter indicates that during the period under investigation, Spanish accountants contributed little to novel accounting thought, but strongly relied on French and Italian doctrines, though neglecting German ideas. Despite of this, Spanish accountants were aware of many theoretical and instrumental novelties of the day, and applied them without substantial delay to their own environment.
Changes in the Audit Environment and Auditors’ Propensity to Issue Going-Concern Opinions

SUMMARY: The high-profile collapses during the period 2000 to 2002 resulted in increased litigation against auditors, higher insurance costs, increased media scrutiny, and increased regulatory review of the auditing profession. Prior research suggests that auditors’ decisions were more conservative after this period. We compare auditors’ propensity to issue going-concern opinions before and after 2000–2002. Consistent with increased auditor conservatism, we find that auditors were more likely to issue going-concern opinions to financially stressed companies immediately after the crisis period. The increase in going-concern modifications issued resulted in a few less companies observed to fail without a going-concern modification, but only at the cost of more modifications issued to companies that did not fail. The results do not, however, support continued auditor conservatism beyond 2003.
Collaborative leadership: it's good to talk

It’s often said if you want something done right, you have to do it yourself. After all, our society traditionally rewards individual achievement over cooperative effort; we celebrate the great leader as a charismatic heroic figure standing alone taking the tough decisions. Maybe so, but you’d be missing out on one of the greatest resources available to help you advance your agenda—other people. Leadership is changing; the coercive command and control approach with its linear, hierarchical restrictions is being replaced by a more flexible collaborative co-production. This article explores the collaborative approach to leadership; what it is; what it isn’t; where it adds value; and what critical skills and capacities today’s collaborative healthcare leaders should exemplify.
Stochastic Shopping and Consumer Heterogeneity

The problem of the spatial monopolist is well known where, facing a spatial distribution of consumers with the same tastes and resources, the firm seeks to optimize. Shopping behavior is invariably assumed to be deterministic but in this paper a version of stochastic behavior is used instead. Specifically, the density parameter of the Poisson distribution is adopted to represent the expected demand of those spatial households. So consumers found at different locations generate different frequencies of shopping trips to the spatial firm. In turn, these location - specific trip frequencies vary with the firm’s optimizing price, which is determined in the usual way. Subsequent aggregation over all possible locations allows for the identification of the trip volume and the market demand for each feasible trip frequency. The paper also assesses how consumer heterogeneity, a feature of all advanced societies, will affect the various solutions. Three groups (poor, average, and rich) of consumers with different demand attributes are considered. The spatial monopolist now sets an optimizing price that weights each group’s specific demand parameters. The stochastic distribution of shopping trips necessarily shifts to reflect this modification to spatial demand. Numerical comparative statics indicate how market solutions shift for small changes in marginal cost, household demand, transportation cost, and consumer heterogeneity. JEL Classification : D11, D21, R22
Susceptibility of clover species to fungal infection: the interaction of leaf surface traits and environment.

Many foliar pathogens require free water to germinate; therefore, disease pressure should favor plants that are able to repel water. For a suite of 18 sympatric clover species (Trifolium and Medicago, Fabaceae), we evaluated leaf traits affecting leaf wetness and susceptibility to infection by the fungal pathogen Stemphylium sp. , causal agent of Stemphylium leaf spot. Spore germination increased with time in free water, and the relative susceptibility of host plants to infection was proportional to the duration of water retention on leaves. Larger leaves captured more water and retained it longer. Unexpectedly, trichomes and leaf wettability did not affect water capture. For clovers planted within natural clover populations at two sites, infection was threefold greater at the wetter site. At the drier site, water retention on the leaf surface was an important predictor of infection rates across host species, but persistent fog and dew at the wetter site reduced the importance of rapid leaf drying. Our results suggest that plant adaptations that reduce water retention on leaves may also reduce disease incidence, but the selective advantage of these traits will vary among habitats.
Comparative review of coverage algorithms in wireless mobile sensor networks

WMSNs are extensively used in various fields such as environmental monitoring, survellience, national security and health care. Wireless networks are composed of sensor nodes having capability of sensing environmental conditions, sink node and connected via internet to remote controller. Maximun coverage is one of the basic objective of WMSNs. So the current document presents review as well as comparision of sensor deployment algorithms. It considers the various performance metrics such as time, conserved energy and distance travelled. This paper throws light on renowned strategies used for sensor deployment. So this study ends up with suitable future scope in order to improve the results of existing deployment techniques.
Clinical and diagnostic comparison of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia to non‐immune cases of thrombocytopenia

Affected patients with neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (AIT) are often severely thrombocytopenic and, if so, may suffer an intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). This study was undertaken to compare the outcome of cases of AIT to cases of neonatal thrombocytopenia shown not to be AIT and to identify clinical features that would facilitate the diagnosis.
EMPIRICAL RESULTS FROM VAR PREDICTION USING PEARSON?S TYPE IV DISTRIBUTION

Two most important characteristics of equity returns time series data are volatility clustering and non-normality. GARCH model has been widely used to forecast dynamic volatilities and hence has been used for value-at-risk (VaR) estimation. (Bhattacharyya et al 2008) has developed a new VaR estimation model for equity return time series using a combination of the Pearson’s Type IV distribution and the GARCH(1,1) approach which showed superior predictive abilities. This new model was tested on indices of eighteen countries [3] on daily return up to March 1st, 2005. In this project, we replicate the results in [3], and test the model for its predictive power over a more volatile period (i.e. 350 trading days prior to July 18th, 2008). We backtest the validity of the VaR estimations and compare the predictive power of this model over both of the above time periods on indices of eight countries. We discover that the Pearson’s type IV model still remains a good predictive ability during the more volatile period.
Tactical Asset Allocation and Stock Issuance in the Korean Stock Market

Stock issuance predicts future stock returns in the Korean market. This creates profitable trading opportunities. Abnormal returns exist in the zero-cost portfolio that short the firms issuing large numbers of shares and longs those issuing small numbers of shares. Their average abnormal return is 12 percent per annum, which is highly significant even after controlling for market, size, value, and momentum factors as well as transaction costs. The authors suggest the possibility of fixed costs in equity market timing. Only the sizable benefit from market timing over fixed costs motivates firms to increase net equity shares.