Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Percepção de idosos sobre o uso de AASI concedido pelo Sistema Único de Saúde

OBJETIVO: conhecer a percepcao de idosos sobre o uso de aparelhos de amplificacao sonora individuais (AASI) concedidos pelo Sistema Unico de Saude (SUS). METODOS: estudo de carater qualitativo. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 19 idosos, entre 60 e 86 anos, com adaptacao binaural e tempo de uso de AASI entre seis meses e um ano. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas para posterior leitura e analise tematica. As categorias estabelecidas foram: dificuldades de comunicacao sem AASI; o acesso ao AASI e o processo de adaptacao ao uso; o impacto do uso do AASI na comunicacao. RESULTADOS: a dificuldade para se comunicar foi maior em situacoes em que ha varias pessoas conversando; a dificuldade esta em entender e nao em ouvir, demonstrando uma preocupacao em ressaltar o que sentem em ser surdo. A maioria dos participantes nao realizou a adaptacao do AASI anteriormente por nao ter condicoes financeiras e revela que o que possibilitou o acesso foi a implantacao do Servico de Atencao a Saude Auditiva. As dificuldades encontradas no processo de adaptacao foram: mudanca na percepcao da propria voz, dificuldade de percepcao de fala em ambiente ruidoso e no telefone. Relataram beneficio com o uso de AASI na comunicacao com familiares e com estranhos. CONCLUSAO: destaca-se a importância do processo de acompanhamento para que as dificuldades de adaptacao possam ser detectadas e minimizadas, para que efetivamente o sujeito obtenha beneficio e satisfacao com este tratamento.
Tumour necrosis factor receptor II (p75) signalling is required for the migration of Langerhans' cells

Langerhans' cells (LC) represent the major antigen‐presenting cells within the epidermis. Following exposure of the skin to antigen, LC take up antigen, migrate into draining lymph nodes (DLN) and present processed antigen to T lymphocytes, thereby initiating an immune response. The molecular mechanisms responsible for LC migration remain unclear. Cytokines, in particular tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) have been suggested to influence LC migration. There are two distinct membrane receptors for TNF‐α, TNF receptor I (TNF‐R1, p55) and TNF receptor II (TNF‐R2, p75), thought to be responsible for distinct TNF‐α activities. It is believed that most of TNF biological activities are mediated via TNF‐R1. In order to examine the role of TNF‐R1 signalling in LC migration, we utilized TNF‐R1 gene‐targeted mutant mice. Following application of the hapten fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), FITC‐bearing cells in DLN were examined by flow cytometry. A normal number of FITC+/Ia+ cells (LC) were found in DLN from TNF‐R1‐deficiency mice, suggesting that TNF‐R1‐dependent signalling is not crucial for LC migration. To investigate the possibility of signalling through TNF‐R2, blocking studies using a neutralizing anti‐TNF‐α antibody were performed. The results revealed that anti‐TNF‐α antibody significantly inhibited LC accumulation in DLN in TNF‐R1‐deficient mice, thus suggesting that TNF‐R2 signalling is involved in LC migration from skin to DLN and that murine LC express TNF‐R2.
Prospective cohort study of cannabis use, predisposition for psychosis, and psychotic symptoms in young people

Abstract Objective To investigate the relation between cannabis use and psychotic symptoms in individuals with above average predisposition for psychosis who first used cannabis during adolescence. Design Analysis of prospective data from a population based sample. Assessment of substance use, predisposition for psychosis, and psychotic symptoms was based on standardised personal interviews at baseline and at follow up four years later. Participants 2437 young people (aged 14 to 24 years) with and without predisposition for psychosis. Main outcome measure Psychotic symptoms at follow up as a function of cannabis use and predisposition for psychosis at baseline. Results After adjustment for age, sex, socioeconomic status, urbanicity, childhood trauma, predisposition for psychosis at baseline, and use of other drugs, tobacco, and alcohol, cannabis use at baseline increased the cumulative incidence of psychotic symptoms at follow up four years later (adjusted odds ratio 1.67, 95% confidence interval 1.13 to 2.46). The effect of cannabis use was much stronger in those with any predisposition for psychosis at baseline (23.8% adjusted difference in risk, 95% confidence interval 7.9 to 39.7, P = 0.003) than in those without (5.6%, 0.4 to 10.8, P = 0.033). The risk difference in the “predisposition” group was significantly greater than the risk difference in the “no predisposition” group (test for interaction 18.2%, 1.6 to 34.8, P = 0.032). There was a dose-response relation with increasing frequency of cannabis use. Predisposition for psychosis at baseline did not significantly predict cannabis use four years later (adjusted odds ratio 1.42, 95% confidence interval 0.88 to 2.31). Conclusion Cannabis use moderately increases the risk of psychotic symptoms in young people but has a much stronger effect in those with evidence of predisposition for psychosis.
The Transformation of a Neutral Lake Landscape into a Meaningful Experience – Interpreting Tourist Photos

The purpose of this article is to present the mental images of the Finnish lakeland held by potential Italian and German tourists. Image analysis was used in order to find the attributes tourists connect to pictures of lake landscape and to their own mental images of the places shown. The attributes found were classified under categories through which the touristic potential of the lake could be approached. The mental images evoked by the pictures emerging in the present study are individual and cultural at the same time. Although the individual nature of the mental images became prominent in the analysis, there were identifiable similarities in them. From the marketing point of view, each picture proved to have a special function in a given country. The respondents approached the pictures both as outside observers and as participating actors. The transformation of a neutral lake landscape into a meaningful experience depended on the mental images evoked by both the aesthetic content of the picture and its internal elements. The neutral lake landscape was turned into a meaningful place through the experiences and sensations the respondents attached to the pictures.
The Role of Discrimination and Acculturative Stress in the Physical Health of Mexican-Origin Adults

The authors propose that perceived discrimination has an effect on self-reported health statuses, which are known to affect future morbidity and mortality. A sample of 3,012 Mexican-origin adults from the Mexican American Prevalence and Services Study in California is utilized to test this hypothesis. Dependent variables include a self-rating of health and a count of self-reported chronic conditions; the key independent variable is a scale of overall discrimination specific to one’s Mexican origin. Results indicate that discrimination is related to poor physical health—net of controls for acculturation stress, national heritage, sociodemographic variables, and social support. Depression is identified as a major mechanism through which discrimination may affect physical health. Notably, job market stress/discrimination has a very strong association with poorer physical health, net of depression. Individual-level effects of discrimination found in this study, as well as institutional-level conditions and contextual effects, should be treated as crucial to future studies of individual-level physical health differentials.
Belief in a Just World, Religiosity and Victim Blaming

This study investigates the relations between “Belief in a Just World” (BJW), religiosity and victim-blaming attitudes. In particular, the influence of BJW and religiosity on social attitudes is probed. Recent theoretical and psychometric developments in the BJW construct are considered. Thus, 176 Turkish subjects completed measures for BJW-Self (BJW-S)/BJW-Other (BJW-O), “Belief in Immanent/Ultimate Justice,” attitudes towards the poor, and religiosity. Results show that Belief in Ultimate Justice and BJW-S are uniquely related to religiosity. As hypothesized, BJW-O and Belief in Immanent Justice are strongly related to harsh attitudes towards the poor. However, contrary to our expectation, results do not indicate a positive link between religiosity and negative attitudes towards the poor. Study findings also provide strong cross-cultural support for the conceptual and psychometric revisions of the Just-World construct (BJW-S/BJW-O and Immanent/Ultimate Justice).
National Feelings or Rational Dealings? The Role of Procedural Priming On The Perceptions of Cross-border Acquisitions

Cross-border transactions are often perceived by the general public as national threats instead of rational business deals. We propose two interpretational mindsets that attenuate (transactional mindset) and agitate (categorization mindset) these culturally motivated responses. Three studies were conducted in Singapore and the United States with various cross-border acquisition scenarios. As predicted, transactional mindset, which centers around cost–benefit calculations, nudged participants to evaluate the foreign acquisition more rationally and evoked fewer social–cultural considerations than categorization mindset, which focuses on categorizing and comparison procedures, and when no mindset was primed. Furthermore, the effects of categorization mindset are particularly strong when one perceives the two transacting parties as dissimilar and when he/she identifies closely with the local culture. We conclude that while economic activities such as cross-border acquisitions can inadvertently evoke nationalistic reactions, it is possible to mitigate them or even encourage rational evaluations by influencing people's interpretational mindset.
Climate change and evolution: disentangling environmental and genetic responses

Rapid climate change is likely to impose strong selection pressures on traits important for fitness, and therefore, microevolution in response to climate‐mediated selection is potentially an important mechanism mitigating negative consequences of climate change. We reviewed the empirical evidence for recent microevolutionary responses to climate change in longitudinal studies emphasizing the following three perspectives emerging from the published data. First, although signatures of climate change are clearly visible in many ecological processes, similar examples of microevolutionary responses in literature are in fact very rare. Second, the quality of evidence for microevolutionary responses to climate change is far from satisfactory as the documented responses are often — if not typically — based on nongenetic data. We reinforce the view that it is as important to make the distinction between genetic (evolutionary) and phenotypic (includes a nongenetic, plastic component) responses clear, as it is to understand the relative roles of plasticity and genetics in adaptation to climate change. Third, in order to illustrate the difficulties and their potential ubiquity in detection of microevolution in response to natural selection, we reviewed the quantitative genetic studies on microevolutionary responses to natural selection in the context of long‐term studies of vertebrates. The available evidence points to the overall conclusion that many responses perceived as adaptations to changing environmental conditions could be environmentally induced plastic responses rather than microevolutionary adaptations. Hence, clear‐cut evidence indicating a significant role for evolutionary adaptation to ongoing climate warming is conspicuously scarce.
Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a C-type lectin in the rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus

C-type lectins are crucial for pathogen recognition, innate immunity, and cell-cell interactions. In this study, a C-type lectin gene was cloned from the rock bream. The full-length RbCTL cDNA was 729 bp with a 429 bp ORF encoding a 164-residue protein. The deduced amino acid sequence of RbCTL had all of the conserved features crucial for its fundamental structure, including the four cysteine residues involved in sulfide bridge formation and potential Ca 2 +/carbohydrate-binding sites. RbCTL contains a signal peptide one single carbohydrate recognition domain. It showed 29.4% similarity to the C-type lectin of rainbow trout. RbCTL mRNA was predominately expressed in gill and head-kidney tissue and expressed less in peripheral blood leukocytes, trunk-kidney, spleen, liver, intestine and muscle. Expression of RbCTL was differentially upregulated in rock bream stimulated with LPS, Con A/PMA and poly I:C.
Analysis of Deliberate Self-Wrist-Cutting Episodes Presenting to the Emergency Department.

BACKGROUND Previous suicide attempts increase the risk of a completed suicide. However, a large proportion of patients with deliberate self-wrist cutting (DSWC) are often discharged without undergoing a psychiatric interview. AIMS The aims of this study were to investigate the differences in the characteristics and outcomes of patients with DSWC and those with deliberate self-poisoning (DSP) episodes. The results of this study may be used to improve the efficacy of treatment for DSWC patients. METHOD We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 598 patients with DSWC and DSP who were treated at the emergency department of Seoul Saint Mary's Hospital between 2008 and 2013. We assessed sociodemographic information, clinical variables, the reasons for the suicide attempts, and the severity of the suicide attempts. RESULTS A total of 141 (23.6%) patients were included in the DSWC group, and 457 (76.4%) were included in the DSP group. A significantly greater number of patients in the DSWC group had previously attempted suicide (p = .014). A total of 63 patients (44.7%) in the DSWC group and 409 patients (89.5%) in the DSP group underwent psychiatric interviews. CONCLUSION More DSWC patients had previously attempted suicide, but fewer of them underwent psychiatric interviews compared with the DSP patients.
Global Warming, Elevational Range Shifts, and Lowland Biotic Attrition in the Wet Tropics

Many studies suggest that global warming is driving species ranges poleward and toward higher elevations at temperate latitudes, but evidence for range shifts is scarce for the tropics, where the shallow latitudinal temperature gradient makes upslope shifts more likely than poleward shifts. Based on new data for plants and insects on an elevational transect in Costa Rica, we assess the potential for lowland biotic attrition, range-shift gaps, and mountaintop extinctions under projected warming. We conclude that tropical lowland biotas may face a level of net lowland biotic attrition without parallel at higher latitudes (where range shifts may be compensated for by species from lower latitudes) and that a high proportion of tropical species soon faces gaps between current and projected elevational ranges.
Group Membership and Belief Similarity As Determinants of Interpersonal Attraction in Peru

College students in two universities in Arequipa, Peru, rated target persons differing in terms of group membership and belief similarity on a series of scales designed to measure various aspects of interpersonal attraction. The results indicated that, whereas belief similarity was a reliable determinant of interpersonal attraction, group membership accounted for significantly more variance, even when interpersonal attraction was assessed on dimensions which imply low levels of intimacy. These results were contrasted with those obtained in the United States in connection with the so-called race versus belief controversy. The differences between the two sets of results were attributed to the strong group norms in economically less advanced countries.
ROOT13: Spotting Hypernyms, Co-Hyponyms and Randoms

In this paper, we describe ROOT13, a supervised system for the classification of hypernyms, co-hyponyms and random words. The system relies on a Random Forest algorithm and 13 unsupervised corpus-based features. We evaluate it with a 10-fold cross validation on 9,600 pairs, equally distributed among the three classes and involving several Parts-Of-Speech (i.e. adjectives, nouns and verbs). When all the classes are present, ROOT13 achieves an F1 score of 88.3%, against a baseline of 57.6% (vector cosine). When the classification is binary, ROOT13 achieves the following results: hypernyms-co-hyponyms (93.4% vs. 60.2%), hypernyms-random (92.3% vs. 65.5%) and co-hyponyms-random (97.3% vs. 81.5%). Our results are competitive with state-of-the-art models.
Agreement and reproducibility of Tono-Pen XL tip covered with ocufilm and fingertip of surgical glove in intra-ocular pressure measurement.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of using the fingertip of a surgical glove over Ocufilm (Reichert Technologies, NY, USA) on the agreement and reproducibility of measuring intra-ocular pressure (IOP) by the Tono-Pen XL (Reichert Technologies, NY USA). STUDY DESIGN Experimental, clinical study. MATERIAL AND METHOD Patients were randomized into two groups to receive IOP measurements using Tono-Pen XL with two different types of tip covers. In Group 1, the IOP of the right eyes were first measured using Ocufilm as the tip cover followed by using the fingertip of a surgical glove. As for the left eyes, the tip of the surgical glove was used first, followed by use of Ocufilm. In Group 2, the IOP of the right eyes was first measured using the tip of the surgical glove,followed by use of Ocufilm, while for the left eye the latter was used first, followed by the tip of the surgical glove. A single operator measured the IOP in each eye twice using each type of tip cover. Agreement between the Tono-Pen XL measurements using the two different tip covers was analyzed using the Bland-Altman analysis. The difference between the repeated measures was assessed for reproducibility of the Tono-Pen XL measurements with regard to each type of tip covers. RESULTS 100 patients (200 eyes) were recruited into the present study. The mean difference of IOP taken by the Tono-Pen XL covered with Ocufilm and the fingertip of a surgical glove was -0.21 mmHg (95% CI: -0.36 to -0.05). The limits of agreement (confidence interval 95%) as calculated by the Bland-Altman plots for Ocufilm-Fingertip of a surgical glove was -2.43 to +2.02 mmHg. The coefficient of repeatability of the Ocufilm vs. the surgical glove was nearly the same (1.74 vs. 2.37, respectively). CONCLUSION A significant agreement exists between using Ocufilm and the fingertip of a surgical glove to cover the tip of a Tono-Pen XL for measuring IOP The coefficient of repeatability was comparable between the two different types of tip covers. When measuring IOP the tip of a Tono-Pen XL could therefore be covered by either Ocufilm or the fingertip of a surgical glove without compromising accuracy.
Construction of a Library of Human Glycosyltransferases Immobilized in the Cell Wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

ABSTRACT Fifty-one human glycosyltransferases were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as immobilized enzymes and were assayed for enzymatic activities. The stem and catalytic regions of sialyl-, fucosyl-, galactosyl-, N-acetylgalactosaminyl-, and N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases were fused with yeast cell wall Pir proteins, which anchor glycosyltransferases at the yeast cell wall glucan. More than 75% of expressed recombinant glycosyltransferases retained their enzymatic activities in the yeast cell wall fraction and will be used as a human glycosyltransferase library. In increasing the enzymatic activities of immobilized glycosyltransferases, several approaches were found to be effective. Additional expression of yeast protein disulfide isomerase increased the expression levels and activities of polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases and other glycosyltransferases. PIR3 and/or PIR4 was more effective than PIR1 as a cell wall anchor when the Pir-glycosyltransferase fusions were expressed under the control of the constitutive glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter. Oligosaccharides such as Lewis x, Lewis y, and H antigen were successfully synthesized using this immobilized glycosyltransferase library, indicating that the Pir-fused glycosyltransferases are useful for the production of various human oligosaccharides.
Joint Design of Emission Tax and Trading Systems

This paper analyzes the joint design of fiscal and cap-and-trade instruments in climate policies under uncertainty. Whether the optimal mechanism is a mixed policy (with some firms subject to a tax and others to a cap-and-trade) or a uniform one (with all firms subject to the same instrument) depends on parameters reecting preferences, production, and, most importantly, the stochastic structure of the shocks affecting the economy. This framework is then used to address the issue of the non-cooperative design of climate regulation systems in various areas worldwide under uncertainty. We characterize the resulting ineficiency, we show how the Pareto argument in favor of merging ETS of different regions is reinforced under uncertainty, and we discuss the non-cooperative design of mixed systems.
On bad decisions and disconfirmed expectancies: The psychology of regret and disappointment

Decision outcomes sometimes result in negative emotions. This can occur when a decision appears to be wrong in retrospect, and/or when the obtained decision outcome does not live up to expectations. Regret and disappointment are the two emotions that are of central interest in the present article. Although these emotions have a lot in common, they also differ in ways that are relevant to decision making. In this article we review theories and empirical findings concerning regret and disappointment. We first discuss how regret and disappointment differ with respect to their antecedent conditions, appraisals, and phenomenology. We also discuss possible behavioural consequences of experiencing these emotions. Next, we consider how the anticipation of regret and disappointment may influence decision making. We use regret and disappointment theory, developed by the economists Bell (1982, 1985), and Loomes and Sugden (1982, 1986, 1987), as a framework for our discussion. Finally, we argue that combining the theoretical approaches and research paradigms of behavioural decision theory with emotion theories will significantly increase our knowledge of antecedents and consequences of emotions.
Asset-Based Dynamic Impact Assessment of Cyberattacks for Risk Analysis in Industrial Control Systems

With the evolution of information, communications, and technologies, modern industrial control systems (ICSs) face more and more cybersecurity issues. This leads to increasingly severe risks in critical infrastructure and assets. Therefore, risk analysis becomes a significant yet not well investigated topic for prevention of cyberattack risks in ICSs. To tackle this problem, a dynamic impact assessment approach is presented in this paper for risk analysis in ICSs. The approach predicts the trend of impact of cybersecurity dynamically from full recognition of asset knowledge. More specifically, an asset is abstracted with properties of construction, function, performance, location, and business. From the function and performance properties of the asset, object-oriented asset models incorporating with the mechanism of common cyberattacks are established at both component and system levels. Characterizing the evolution of behaviors for single asset and system, the models are used to analyze the impact propagation of cyberattacks. Then, from various possible impact consequences, the overall impact is quantified based on the location and business properties of the asset. A special application of the approach is to rank critical system parameters and prioritize key assets according to impact assessment. The effectiveness of the presented approach is demonstrated through simulation studies for a chemical control system.