Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence: Use in Clinical and Genomic Diagnostics

The development of computer systems that are capable of carrying out tasks that typically require human intelligence is known as artificial intelligence (AI). Recent and quickly rising interest in medical AI applications is a result of AI software and technology improvements, especially deep learning algorithms and the graphics processing units (GPUs) that enable their training. While other AI subtypes have started to show similar promise in different diagnostic modalities, AI-based computer vision methods are poised to change image-based diagnostics in clinical diagnostics. Large and complicated genomic datasets are processed using a particular form of AI algorithm known as deep learning in various fields, such as clinical genomics. In this review, we first provide an overview of the primary categories of issues that AI systems are best adapted to address, followed by a description of the clinical diagnostic tasks that are aided by these solutions. Then, we concentrate on recently developed techniques for certain clinical genomics applications, such as variant calling, genome annotation and variant categorization, and phenotype-to-genotype correlation. We conclude by talking about the future potential of AI in individualized medicine applications, particularly for risk prediction in common complex diseases, as well as the issues, constraints, and biases that must be carefully addressed for the successful deployment of AI in medical applications, particularly those using data from genomics and human genetics.
Spitzer Microlensing of MOA-2016-BLG-231L: A Counter-rotating Brown Dwarf Binary in the Galactic Disk

We analyze the binary microlensing event MOA-2016-BLG-231, which was observed from the ground and from Spitzer. The lens is composed of very-low-mass brown dwarfs (BDs) with and , and it is located in the Galactic disk . This is the fifth binary brown dwarf discovered by microlensing, and the BD binary is moving counter to the orbital motion of disk stars. Constraints on the lens physical properties come from late-time, non-caustic-crossing features of the Spitzer light curve. Thus, MOA-2016-BLG-231 shows how Spitzer plays a crucial role in resolving the nature of BDs in binary BD events with short timescales (≲10 days).
Power spectral distribution of the BL Lacertae object S5 0716+714

Observational data in the BVRI bands of the variable BL Lacertae object S5 0716+714 are discussed from the point of view of its power spectral distribution (PSD). A model of the type P (f) = βf–1 [1 + (f /δ)α–1]–1 + γ is fitted to the data for four null hypothesis and the Bayesian p parameter for the fits is calculated. Spectral slopes with values ranging from 1.083 to 2.65 are obtained, with medium values for each band of = 2.028, = 1.809, = 1.932 and = 1.54 respectively. These values confirm conclusions of previous studies, namely that the source is turbulent. Two disk models, the standard prescription of the Shakura-Sunyaev disk and magnetized disks exhibiting magneto-rotational instabilities, were discussed. We found that it is unlikely that they explain this set of observational data (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Loss of the Nuclear Envelope Protein LAP1B Disrupts the Myogenic Differentiation of Patient-Derived Fibroblasts

Lamina-associated polypeptide 1 (LAP1) is a ubiquitously expressed inner nuclear membrane protein encoded by TOR1AIP1, and presents as two isoforms in humans, LAP1B and LAP1C. While loss of both isoforms results in a multisystemic progeroid-like syndrome, specific loss of LAP1B causes muscular dystrophy and cardiomyopathy, suggesting that LAP1B has a critical role in striated muscle. To gain more insight into the molecular pathophysiology underlying muscular dystrophy caused by LAP1B, we established a patient-derived fibroblast line that was transdifferentiated into myogenic cells using inducible MyoD expression. Compared to the controls, we observed strongly reduced myogenic differentiation and fusion potentials. Similar defects were observed in the C2C12 murine myoblasts carrying loss-of-function LAP1A/B mutations. Using RNA sequencing, we found that, despite MyoD overexpression and efficient cell cycle exit, transcriptional reprogramming of the LAP1B-deficient cells into the myogenic lineage is impaired with delayed activation of MYOG and muscle-specific genes. Gene set enrichment analyses suggested dysregulations of protein metabolism, extracellular matrix, and chromosome organization. Finally, we found that the LAP1B-deficient cells exhibit nuclear deformations, such as an increased number of micronuclei and altered morphometric parameters. This study uncovers the phenotypic and transcriptomic changes occurring during myoconversion of patient-derived LAP1B-deficient fibroblasts and provides a useful resource to gain insights into the mechanisms implicated in LAP1B-associated nuclear envelopathies.
Dynamical symmetry breaking in models with strong Yukawa interactions

The primary aim of the thesis is to explore the possibility of spontaneous symmetry breaking by strong Yukawa dynamics. Technically, the symmetry is assumed to be broken by formation of symmetry-breaking parts of both the scalar and the fermion propagators, rather than by the scalar vacuum expectation values. The idea is first introduced on an example of a toy model with the underlying symmetry being an Abelian one and later applied to a realistic model of electroweak interaction. In addition, the thesis also deals with some more general, model-independent issues, applicable not only to the discussed model of strong Yukawa dynamics, but to a wider class of models with dynamical mass generation. First of these issues is the problem of fermion flavor mixing in the presence of fermion self-energies with a general momentum dependence. It is in particular shown how to define the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix in such models and argued that it can come out in principle non-unitary. Second issue is the problem of calculating the gauge boson masses when the symmetry is broken by fermion self-energies. On top of deriving the formula for the gauge boson mass matrix we also find corrections to the related Pagels-Stokar formula.
The Influence of Malnutrition Measured by Hypalbuminemia and Body Mass Index on the Outcome of Geriatric Patients with a Fracture of the Proximal Femur

Background and Objectives: Fractures of the proximal femur are a life-changing and life-threatening event for older people. Concomitant malnutrition has been described as an independent risk factor for complications and mortality. Therefore, we examined the influence of albumin and body mass index (BMI) as parameters for the nutritional state on the outcome after geriatric hip fracture surgery. Materials and Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from hospital information systems, and complications and all other parameters were obtained from patient charts. We included patients aged 70 years or above with a fracture of the proximal femur. We excluded periprosthetic and peri-implant fractures and patients with a missing BMI or albumin value. Results: Patients with a BMI below 20 kg/m2 were more likely to be female but did not differ from the normal BMI group in terms of baseline parameters. Patients with hypoalbuminemia had a higher ASA grade and Charlson Comorbidity Index, as well as a lower hemoglobin value and prothrombin time compared to those with normal albumin values and low BMI. Hypoalbuminemia was associated with significantly increased rates of complications (57.9% vs. 46.7%, p = 0.04) and mortality (10.3% vs. 4.1%, p = 0.02). Blood loss and transfusion rates were higher in the hypoalbuminemia group. Patients with a BMI below 20 kg/m2 had a higher risk of intraoperative cardiac arrest (2.6% vs. 0.4%, p = 0.05) but did not show higher mortality rates than patients with a BMI above 20 kg/m2. However, the outcome parameter could not be confirmed in the regression analysis. Conclusions: Hypoalbuminemia might be an indicator for more vulnerable patients with a compromised hemoglobin value, prothrombin time, and ASA grade. Therefore, it is also associated with higher mortality and postoperative complications. However, hypoalbuminemia was not an independent predictor for mortality or postoperative complications, but low albumin values were associated with a higher CCI and ASA grade than in patients with a BMI below 20 kg/m2.
Laser Spot Centering Algorithm of Double-Area Shrinking Iteration Based on Baseline Method

High-precision laser spot center detection occupies an important position in optical measurement technology. In this paper, we propose a laser spot centering method to improve positioning accuracy. This method is an iterative double-area shrinkage approach based on the baseline method. The background noise baseline is calculated from the noise statistics of multiple background image frames acquired, and then the background noise is subtracted during the calculation while retaining the effective information of the spot region. The real spot area is located in the end by double-area shrinkage iteration to calculate the position of the spot center. Simulation and experimental results showed that our proposed method has strong anti-background noise interference ability, as well as higher positioning accuracy in locating the spot center than commonly used approaches; the maximum localization accuracy could reach 0.05 pixels, meeting the real-time requirements of the algorithm. The fluctuation range of measurement results was small when continuously detecting the center of the same laser spot, which could reach 0.04 and 0.03 pixels in the x- and y-directions, respectively. The result indicates that the method can meet the requirements of laser high-precision positioning.
Central exclusive production of K+K− pairs in proton-proton collisions

We discuss central exclusive diffractive production of light mesons in the reactions $pp \to pp{\pi ^ + }{\pi ^ - }$ and $pp \to pp{K^ + }{K^ - }$. The calculation is based on a tensor-pomeron approach. We include a purely diffractive dipion continuum, and the scalar f0(980), f0(1500), f0(1710) and tensor f2(1770), ${f^{\prime}_2}(1525)$ resonances decaying into pseudoscalar meson pairs. We include also photoproduction mechanisms for the nonresonant (Drell-Söding) and the ϕ(1020) resonance contributions. The theoretical results are compared with existing CDF experimental data and predictions for being carried out LHC experiments are presented. The distributions in dimeson invariant mass and in a special "glueball filter variable" including the interference effects of resonance and dimeson continuum are presented.
Coarse-graining free theories with gauge symmetries: the linearized case

Discretizations of continuum theories often do not preserve the gauge symmetry content. This occurs in particular for diffeomorphism symmetry in general relativity, which leads to severe difficulties in both canonical and covariant quantization approaches. We discuss here the method of perfect actions, which attempts to restore gauge symmetries by mirroring exactly continuum physics on a lattice via a coarse graining process. Analytical results can only be obtained via a perturbative approach, for which we consider the first step, namely the coarse graining of the linearized theory. The linearized gauge symmetries are exact also in the discretized theory; hence, we develop a formalism to deal with gauge systems. Finally, we provide a discretization of linearized gravity as well as a coarse graining map and show that with this choice the three-dimensional (3D) linearized gravity action is invariant under coarse graining.
Spark Plasma Sintered Soft Magnetic Composite Based on Fe-Si-Al Surface Oxidized Powders

Soft magnetic composites (SMCs) need a stable matrix to apply heat treatments for enhancing their magnetic characteristics. A stable matrix can be offered by alumina, but the densification of the ferromagnetic particles covered by this oxide (by sintering) can be very difficult. This paper proposes a feasible synthesis route for obtaining alumina matrix SMCs. An Fe-Si-Al alloy with nominal composition Fe85Si9Al6 was obtained by mechanical alloying of elemental Fe, Si, and Al powders, and further, the as-milled powders were superficially oxidized by immersion in HCl solution. The oxide layer was composed of iron, silicon, and aluminum oxides, as the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy technique revealed. The Fe-Si-Al@oxide powder was densified by the spark plasma sintering technique—SPS. Upon sintering, a continuous matrix of oxide (mainly alumina) was formed by the reaction of the Fe-Si-Al powder coreswith their oxide layer. The main part of the composite compacts after sintering consisted of an Fe3Si-ordered phase dispersed in an oxide matrix. The DC and AC tests of magnetic composite compacts showed that upon increasing the sintering temperature, the density, magnetic induction, and magnetic permeability increased. The initial magnetic permeability was constant in the entire range of testing frequencies and the magnetic losses increased linearly. The stability of the magnetic characteristics in frequency is promising for developing further such types of magnetic composite.
Micropolitics in the Workplace among Secondary School Teachers: Causes, Consequences, and Insights

This paper explored the experiences of teachers who have witnessed or experienced firsthand the manifestation of micropolitics in the workplace. This employed a phenomenological approach and utilized in-depth interviews to gather data on teachers' challenges, and coping, and insights and results were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings of the study revealed that micropolitics in the workplace is prevalent. Four themes emerged in the life experiences of the teachers, namely: no freedom in the workplace; exploitation of newly-appointed teachers; favoritism in the workplace, and; affected motivation for promotion. On the other hand, results also indicated that teachers continue to thrive on working on themselves and overcoming their challenges through acceptance, self-trust, and development. Meanwhile, the prevalence of micropolitical actions in teachers' workplaces creates an unhealthy environment and causes bias in the workplace that may cause a rise among peers. Nonetheless, the results have implications for the current system of DepEd and the local offices that handle the division. Thus, appropriate interventions must help teachers secure better-quality education for students.
Magnetohydrodynamics dynamical relaxation of coronal magnetic fields - II. 2D magnetic X-points

Context. Magnetic neutral points are potential locations for energy conversion in the solar corona. 2D X-points have been widely studied in the past, but only a few of those studies have taken finite plasma beta effects into consideration, and none of them look at the dynamical evolution of the system. At the moment there exists no description of the formation of a non-force-free equilibrium around a two-dimensional X-point. Aims. Our aim is to provide a valid magnetohydrostatic equilibrium from the collapse of a 2D X-point in the presence of a finite plasma pressure, in which the current density is not simply concentrated in an infinitesimally thin, one-dimensional current sheet, as found in force-free solutions. In particular, we wish to determine if a finite pressure current sheet will still involve a singular current, and if so, what is the nature of the singularity. Methods. We use a full MHD code, with the resistivity set to zero, so that reconnection is not allowed, to run a series of experiments in which an X-point is perturbed and then is allowed to relax towards an equilibrium, via real, viscous damping forces. Changes to the magnitude of the perturbation and the initial plasma pressure are investigated systematically. Results. The final state found in our experiments is a “quasi-static” equilibrium where the viscous relaxation has completely ended, but the peak current density at the null increases very slowly following an asymptotic regime towards an infinite time singularity. Using a high grid resolution allows us to resolve the current structures in this state both in width and length. In comparison with the well known pressureless studies, the system does not evolve towards a thin current sheet, but concentrates the current at the null and the separatrices. The growth rate of the singularity is found to be t D , with 0 < D < 1. This rate depends directly on the initial plasma pressure, and decreases as the pressure is increased. At the end of our study, we present an analytical description of the system in a quasi-static non-singular equilibrium at a given time, in which a finite thick current layer has formed at the null. The dynamical evolution of the system and the dependence of the final state on the initial plasma and magnetic quantities is discussed, as are the energetic consequences.
How School Climate Affects Student Performance: A Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis Based on the Perspective of Education System

School climate’s dynamic effect on student is widely explored in the study in different subjects; however, quietly, a few types of research concentrate on comparing different dimensions of school climate’s effect on student and the influence path in different countries. To analyze and compare the school climate’s mechanism in different countries’ basic education system, this article used a comparative method to explore the explanation of school climate on school students’ performance. With the application of 73 countries’ panel data from the PISA database, the author calculated the different school climate combinations’ consistency and coverage in relation to school students’ performance by fs-QCA. The author found that the punctuality of students and the classroom discipline can explain the good performance of students. It also found that the combination of multidimensional school climate has a higher explanatory power than a single factor. Finally, this study ends with countermeasures and suggestions which include improving the school climate of the regional education system and improving the utility of school climate through the appropriate mix of school climate.
New Equation for Bending Development of Arbitrary Rods and Application to Palm Fronds Bending

A new general equation to explain bending of arbitrary rods (from arbitrary materials, cross sections, densities, strengthnesses, bending angles, etc) was proposed. This equation can solve several problems found in classical equations, which have many limitations such as only applies for small bending angles or must be solved using very complex schemes. Experiments were also conducted to confirm the theoretical predictions. The equation might be used to explain bending of palm fronds in a very simple way. The proposed equation may be used to obtain solution of several problems which are usually obtain with iteration procedures.
Modelling linewidths of Kepler red giants in NGC 6819

We present a comparison between theoretical, frequency-dependent, damping rates and linewidths of radial-mode oscillations in red-giant stars located in the open cluster NGC 6819. The calculations adopt a time-dependent non-local convection model, with the turbulent pressure profile being calibrated to results of 3D hydrodynamical simulations of stellar atmospheres. The linewidths are obtained from extensive peakbagging of Kepler lightcurves. These observational results are of unprecedented quality owing to the long continuous observations by Kepler. The uniqueness of the Kepler mission also means that, for asteroseismic properties, this is the best data that will be available for a long time to come. We therefore take great care in modelling nine RGB stars in NGC 6819 using information from 3D simulations to obtain realistic temperature stratifications and calibrated turbulent pressure profiles. Our modelled damping rates reproduce well the Kepler observations, including the characteristic depression in the linewidths around the frequency of maximum oscillation power. Furthermore, we thoroughly test the sensitivity of the calculated damping rates to changes in the parameters of the nonlocal convection model.
Building an Augmented Reality Experience on Top of a Smart Pavement Management System

Pavement Management Systems (PMS) offers a systematic collection, storage, analysis, and modeling of road condition data to optimize resources across a road network. Adding artificial intelligence (AI) and augmented reality (AR) to PMS could improve their technical or visual aspects. This paper tries to identify a method to improve the understanding of the consequences of the city council’s decisions in the urban pavement management system field. This paper establishes the potential of AR. It provides future maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) actions needed based on the recommendation of the future distress in the study area. The road cracks are discovered through technical analysis, and a CityEngine model is established based on the PMS results. Additionally, in terms of visualization, this paper’s unique feature delivers the result as an AR experience. Applying the Unity game engine and importing the built CityEngine model and the embedded textures as input empowered us to provide a dynamic product in terms of data and analysis and a real-time Decision Support System (DSS) for the final users. This paper concludes that researchers need many different modules to design and implement an efficient PMS to move toward a smart PMS. The smart city concept is meaningless without a tight collaboration between all distinctive parts of each urban infrastructure management system. Additionally, this paper attempts to provide answers for researchers and an outlook for future research, the development of the proposed method, and its application in other fields
Multiwavelength Observations of a New Redback Millisecond Pulsar Candidate: 3FGL J0954.8–3948

We present a multiwavelength study of the unassociated Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) source, 3FGL J0954.8−3948, which is likely the γ-ray counterpart of a 9.3 hr binary in the field. With more than 9 years of Pass 8 LAT data, we updated the γ-ray spectral properties and the LAT localization of the γ-ray source. While the binary lies outside the cataloged 95% error ellipse, the optimized LAT ellipse is 0. °1 closer and encloses the binary. The system is likely spectrally hard in X-rays (photon index ) with orbital modulations detected in optical, ultraviolet, and possibly X-rays. A steep spectrum radio counterpart (spectral index α ≈ −1.6) is also found in the TIFR GMRT Sky Survey, implying that it is a pulsar system. We obtained a series of SOAR and Gemini spectroscopic observations in 2017/2018, which show a low-mass secondary orbiting in a close circular orbit with K2 = 272 ± 4 km s−1 under strong irradiation by the primary compact object. All the observations as well as the modeling of the X/γ-ray high-energy emission suggest that 3FGL J0954.8−3948 is a redback millisecond pulsar in a rotation-powered state.
A three-dimensional Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator for water waves over topography

Surface water waves are considered propagating over highly variable non-smooth topographies. For this three-dimensional problem a Dirichlet-to-Neumann (DtN) operator is constructed reducing the numerical modelling and evolution to the two-dimensional free surface. The corresponding discrete Fourier integral operator is defined through a matrix decomposition. The topographic component of the decomposition requires special care, and a Galerkin method is provided accordingly. One-dimensional numerical simulations, along the free surface, validate the DtN formulation in the presence of a large-amplitude rapidly varying topography. An alternative conformal-mapping-based method is used for benchmarking. A two-dimensional simulation in the presence of a Luneburg lens (a particular submerged mound) illustrates the accurate performance of the three-dimensional DtN operator.