Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of the northward-directed (sub)surface limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation during the 8.2 ka event

Abstract. The so-called "8.2 ka event" is widely regarded as a major Holocene climate perturbation. It is most readily identifiable in the oxygen-isotope records from Greenland ice cores as an approximately 160-year-long cold interval between 8250 and 8090 years BP. The prevailing view has been that the cooling over Greenland, and potentially over the northern North Atlantic at least, was triggered by the catastrophic final drainage of the Agassiz–Ojibway proglacial lake as part of the remnant Laurentide Ice Sheet collapsed over Hudson Bay at around 8420 ± 80 years BP. The consequent freshening of surface waters in the northern North Atlantic Ocean and the Nordic Seas resulted in weaker overturning, and hence reduced northward ocean heat transport. We have reconstructed variations in the strength of the eastern branch of the Atlantic Inflow into the Nordic Seas around the time of the lake outbursts. While the initial freshwater forcing may have been even larger than originally thought, as the lake outbursts may have been accompanied by a major iceberg discharge from Hudson Bay, our proxy records from the mid-Norwegian Margin do not evidence a uniquely large slowdown in the eastern branch of the Atlantic Inflow at the time. Therefore, its main role in the 8.2 ka event may have been the (rapid) advection of fresh and cold waters to high northern latitudes, initiating rapid sea-ice expansion and an increase in surface albedo.
Subtypes and Symptomatology of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A School-based Survey Using Rome III Criteria

Background/Aims This study was conducted with objectives of assessing subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in children aged 10-16 years, their symptomatology and gender differences. Methods For this survey, 107 children who fulfilled Rome III criteria for IBS and 1,610 healthy controls were recruited from 8 randomly selected schools, in 4 provinces in Sri Lanka. Data was collected using a previously validated, self administered questionnaire. Results Constipation predominant, diarrhea predominant and mixed type IBS were almost equally distributed (27%-28%), while unsubtyped IBS had a lower prevalence (17.8%). IBS was more common in girls (59.8% vs 40.2% in boys, P = 0.001). Bloating, flatulence, burping, headache and limb pain were significantly higher in affected children (P < 0.05). Conclusions This study highlights the distribution of IBS subtypes among Sri Lankan children and adolescents and its female preponderance. This study also shows a higher prevalence of other intestinal-related and extraintestinal somatic symptoms among affected children.
Altered metabolism of orally administered loxoprofen in human subjects after an oral administration of loxoprofen for three consecutive days followed by a seven-day washout.

The effect of pretreatment (i.e., oral administration of loxoprofen for 3 consecutive days followed by a 7-day washout) on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the drug was studied in humans. In a control study, a Loxonin tablet (60 mg as loxoprofen anhydrous) was administered orally to 6 healthy male Korean subjects. In a pretreatment study, a Loxonin tablet was administered orally to the subjects once daily for 3 consecutive days. On the 10(th) day, a Loxonin tablet was administered orally to the subjects, and the concentrations of loxoprofen and the trans- and cis-alcohol metabolites in the plasma and urine were measured as a function of time. Using this pretreatment, the area under the curve (AUC) of the trans-alcohol metabolite of loxoprofen in the plasma, but not those of loxoprofen and the cis-alcohol metabolite, was increased (1.5-fold, p < 0.05), leading to increased contribution of the trans-alcohol metabolite to the total urinary recovery of loxoprofen (1.3-fold, p < 0.05). The urinary recovery of total metabolites, which was largely (> 90%) comprised of conjugate metabolites, was also increased as a result of the pretreatment (1.5-fold, p < 0.05). These results indicate that stereoselective reduction to trans-alcohol metabolites as well as the phase II metabolism of loxoprofen may be increased by such a pretreatment in human subjects.
Entry and survival of Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes within phagolysosome-like vacuoles that shelter Coxiella burnetii in Chinese hamster ovary cells

Coxiella burnetii, a rickettsia, and Leishmania amazonensis, a protozoan flagellate, lodge in their host cells within large phagolysosome-like vacuoles. In the present study, C. burnetii-infected Vero or CHO cells were superinfected with L. amazonensis amastigotes to determine if these parasites can home to and survive within heterologous vacuoles. Six hours after superinfection, Leishmania amastigotes were located almost exclusively within large Coxiella-containing vacuoles. Thereafter, the numbers of parasites in the vacuoles increased at the same rate as those in cells infected with L. amazonensis alone. Furthermore, in cultures shifted to 25 degrees C, some of the amastigotes transformed into promastigote-like forms that moved their flagella within the adoptive vacuoles. Thus, L. amazonensis amastigotes not only entered Coxiella vacuoles, most likely by fusion of donor and recipient vacuoles, but temporarily survived, differentiated, and replicated therein. This appears to be the first account of the temporary cohabitation of two living pathogens within the same vacuole in a mammalian cell.
TAXONOMIC REVISION AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE SUBGENUS SARGASSUM (FUCALES, PHAEOPHYCEAE) IN THE WESTERN AND CENTRAL PACIFIC ISLANDS BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR ANALYSES 1

The species diversity of the subgenus Sargassum was reassessed for the southwestern Pacific with special focus on the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, and Wallis. Five taxa were recognized on the basis of morphological characters and corroborated by DNA analyses of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS‐2), chloroplastic partial rbcLS‐operon, and mitochondrial cox3. Based on the study of diagnoses and type specimens, four taxa were identified to S. polyphyllum J. Agardh, S. polycystum C. Agardh, S. aquifolium (Turner) C. Agardh, and S. ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agardh, while one taxon remained unidentified. We present a key for identification that includes detailed descriptions of the species and illustrations of their morphological variability. In light of our findings, we propose to consider several new synonymies for S. aquifolium, S. ilicifolium, S. polycystum, and S. polyphyllum. We also include a review of Sargassum floras from Samoa, Tonga, and Nauru and discuss species distribution in the southwest and central Pacific. Finally, DNA phylogenies pointed to the polyphyly of section Acanthocarpicae and underlined the need for a new section in which to place S. polycystum, S. herporhizum Setch. et N. L. Gardner, and S. stolonifolium Phang et T. Yoshida. The new section Polycystae Mattio et Payri is described to fit species of the subgenus Sargassum with stolon‐like branches.
Fertility, Family Planning and Population Policy in China

Fertility, Family Planning and Population Policy in China, edited by Dudley L. Poston, Jr., Che-Fu Lee, Chiung-Fang Chang, Sherry L. McKibben and Carol S. Walther. London: Routledge, 2006. xvi + 192 pp. £65.00 (hardcover). A baby boom took place in many parts of the world following the end of the second World War. This, combined with rapid mortality decline, led to an extraordinary population growth. As a response to this change, family planning was promoted in many countries. Family planning began in China in the 1950s, although initially on a smaller scale, mainly in large cities, and was seriously interrupted first by a political campaign in the late 1950s and then in the early years of the Cultural Revolution. Facing its sharp population growth, China launched a nationwide family planning program in the early 1970s which has been in place for more than 30 years. China's family planning has many profound demographic, social and economic effects. While it has been widely accepted that this effort has slowed down population growth in both China and the world, many questions about the campaign, its impacts and the steep fall in fertility have not been adequately investigated. Edited by Dudley L. Poston, Jr.-a prolific demographer-and his colleagues, this book addresses some of these issues. Consisting of twelve chapters, it starts with a brief review of the development of Chinese population policies and the family planning program. This is followed by Part 1, with two chapters that concentrate on abortion and sterilization, the use of which differentiate China's family planning program from those in many other countries. Part 2 of the book has four chapters examining the impact of family and marriage patterns on fertility and changes in desired fertility in recent decades. The third part uses the general heading of biological and social determinants of fertility. It investigates questions such as the link between the age at menarche and the timing of the first birth, the effects of migration on fertility, and the impact of language dialects on fertility. Finally, Part 4 of the book discusses the future of China's population and addresses the implications of fertility transition in rural areas on population changes and the impact of rising sex ratios at birth on the marriage market. The book is useful for those who are interested in China's family planning, fertility decline and population changes in general. …
Major Information Visualization Authors, Papers and Topics in the ACM Library

The presented work aims to identify major research topics, co-authorships, and trends in the IV Contest 2004 dataset. Co-author, paper-citation, and burst analysis were used to analyze the dataset. The results are visually presented as graphs, static Pajek [1] visualizations and interactive network layouts using Pajek’s SVG output feature. A complementary web page with all the raw data, details of the analyses, and high resolution images of all figures is available online at http://iv.slis. indiana.edu/ref/iv04contest/.
A Digital Footprint From Birth: New Mothers’ Decisions to Share Baby Pictures Online

x Chapter 1: Introduction: Inheriting a Digital Footprint . 1 Chapter 2: Related Work . 8 Family Photography and Online Photo Sharing . 8 Self-Presentation and Identity . 13 Audience, Information Disclosure, and Privacy. 18 Motherhood and Technology. 23 Chapter 3: Methods . 27 Interview Protocol. 27 IRB Approval. 30 Recruitment . 30 Interviews . 31 Participants . 32 Transcription and Analysis . 35 Chapter 4: Findings: What Is and Is Not Shared? 36 Photography and Photo-Sharing Habits. 36
Embryonic stem cell-derived tissues are immunogenic but their inherent immune privilege promotes the induction of tolerance

Although human embryonic stem (ES) cells may one day provide a renewable source of tissues for cell replacement therapy (CRT), histoincompatibility remains a significant barrier to their clinical application. Current estimates suggest that surprisingly few cell lines may be required to facilitate rudimentary tissue matching. Nevertheless, the degree of disparity between donor and recipient that may prove acceptable, and the extent of matching that is therefore required, remain unknown. To address this issue using a mouse model of CRT, we have derived a panel of ES cell lines that differ from CBA/Ca recipients at defined genetic loci. Here, we show that even expression of minor histocompatibility (mH) antigens is sufficient to provoke acute rejection of tissues differentiated from ES cells. Nevertheless, despite their immunogenicity in vivo, transplantation tolerance may be readily established by using minimal host conditioning with nondepleting monoclonal antibodies specific for the T cell coreceptors, CD4 and CD8. This propensity for tolerance could be attributed to the paucity of professional antigen-presenting cells and the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2. Together, these factors contribute to a state of acquired immune privilege that favors the polarization of infiltrating T cells toward a regulatory phenotype. Although the natural privileged status of ES cell-derived tissues is, therefore, insufficient to overcome even mH barriers, our findings suggest it may be harnessed effectively for the induction of dominant tolerance with minimal therapeutic intervention.
Hemispheric asymmetries of limb-kinetic apraxia

Objectives: Unlike patients with ideomotor apraxia who make temporal and spatial errors and patients with ideational or conceptual apraxia who make content errors, patients with limb-kinetic apraxia have loss of deftness, including fine and precise movements, independent finger movements, and difficulty coordinating simultaneous movements. This study was conducted to learn the relationship between limb-kinetic apraxia and hemisphere dysfunction by using selective hemisphere anesthesia, the Wada test. Methods: Subjects were 90 patients undergoing Wada testing for intractable epilepsy. They were divided into typical (right-handed with left hemisphere language dominance) and atypical (nonright-handed, or without left hemisphere language dominance). Before and during Wada testing, subjects were shown line drawings of tools, four for each hand tested. After being shown each picture, subjects pantomimed the use of this tool. A behavioral neurologist and neuropsychologist scored the pantomimes for the presence of limb-kinetic errors. Results: For the typical group, during left hemisphere anesthesia, the limb-kinetic errors made by the right and left hands did not differ, but during right hemisphere anesthesia the left hand made more errors than the right. Unlike the typical subjects, when the left hemisphere was anesthetized, the atypical subjects made more errors with their right hands than left. However, similar to the typical subjects with right hemisphere anesthesia, the atypical subjects made more left- than right-hand limb-kinetic errors. Conclusions: For people with typical brain organization, the left hemisphere mediates motor deftness for both hands, but the right hemisphere primarily controls deftness for the left hand. For people with atypical brain organization, each hemisphere primarily controls deftness for the contralateral hand.
Entering America Northeast Asia and the Beringia Before the Last Glacial Maximum

Where did the first Americans come from and when did they get here? That basic question of American archaeology, long thought to have been solved, is re-emerging as a critical issue as the number of wellexcavated sites dating to pre-Clovis times increases. It now seems possible that small populations of human foragers entered the Americas prior to the creation of the continental glacial barrier. While the archaeological and paleoecological aspects of a post-glacial entry have been well studied, there is little work available on the possibility of a pre-glacial entry.
Influence of the speaking style and the noise spectral tilt on the lombard reflex and automatic speech recognition

To study the Lombard reflex, more realistic databases representing real world conditions need to be recorded and analyzed. In this paper we 1) propose a procedure to record Lombard data which provides a good approximation of realistic conditions and 2) present a comparison between two sets of experiments where subjects are in communication with a device while listening to noise through open-ear headphones and where subjects are reading a list. By studying acoustic correlates of the Lombard reflex and performing off-line speaker-independent recognition experiments it is shown that the communication factor affects the Lombard reflex . We also show evidence that several types of noise differing mainly by their spectral tilt induce different acoustic changes . This result reinforces the notion that it is difficult to separate the speaker from the environment stressor (in this case the noise) when studying the Lombard reflex.
Asymmetry Effects in Numerical Simulation of Supersonic Flows with Upstream Separated Regions

ASYMMETRY EFFECTS IN NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SUPERSONIC FLOWSWITH UPSTREAM SEPARATED REGIONSC.G. Rodriguez*National Research Council, Hampton, VA 23681Abstract NomenclatureThe present paper studies the numerical simulation of flowswith shock/boundary-layer upstream interaction, under con-ditions of symmetry in geometry, boundary conditions, andgrid. For this purpose, a series of two- and three-dimensionalnumerical test-cases were carded out. The tests showed thatstandard numerical schemes, which appear to be symmetry-preserving under most flow configurations, produce non-symmetric perturbations when large separated regions arepresent. These perturbations are amplified when the coreflow is under compression. If the flow-blockage due to sepa-ration is sufficiently large, the symmetry of the flow may col-lapse altogether. Experimental evidence of this numericalbehavior is also considered.HkMPTV
Improvement of a permanent magnet synchronous motor for an electrical compressor

All electrical vehicle (EV) components are subject to significant constraints in term of efficiency, noise, performances and weight. This is notably the case of electrical compressors used for battery cooling and EV cabin thermal comfort. To drive such applications, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are considered as attractive structures. That is why in previous work [1], a PMSM was designed and prototyped for an electrical compressor. In this paper, structural and cogging torque improvements of the studied PMSM are proposed in order to reduce the compressor total noise. A finite element method is used for this study.
CLAN Photo Presenter: Multi-modal Summarization Tool for Image Collections

Effective management of multimedia data is becoming vital for success in the modern era of omnipresent data. Summarization tools, which allow users to quickly get the gist of a given data collection and have proven their usefulness in text domain, are now gaining popularity also in multimedia processing. However, existing algorithms provide visual-only summaries for image collections, which are difficult to index and search. This paper introduces a prototype software tool that automatically creates multi-modal summaries of personal image collections by enriching the visual collage with keyword annotation. The result is presented as a web page that allows users to browse and share the summarized data.
Towards a Model of Fair and Unfair Semaphores in MoDeST

Synchronisation and communication of concurrent processes can have a strong influence on their performance, e.g. throughput and response time. The selection policy of waiting processes is usually not described in performance prediction methods such as stochastic process algebras and stochastic Petri nets, but plays a major role for the response time of real software systems. In this paper, we demonstrate how different selection policies of Java semaphores can be modelled using the specification language MoDeST. In a case study, we first compare the performance of Java’s fair and unfair semaphores. Based on the results, we create an initial behavioural model of semaphores in MoDeST. Finally, a comparison of measurements and predictions shows that the operating system’s scheduler strongly influences performance and thus has to be modelled as well.
Moving Towards Generally Applicable Redirected Walking

Walking is the most natural way of moving within a virtual environment (VE). Mapping the user’s movement one-to-one to the real world clearly has the drawback that the limited range of the tracking sensors and a rather small working space in the real word restrict the users’ interaction. In this paper we introduce concepts for virtual locomotion interfaces that support exploration of large-scale virtual environments by redirected walking . Based on the results of a user study we have quantified to which degree users can unknowingly be redirected in order to guide them through an arbitrarily sized VE in which virtual paths differ from the paths tracked in the real working space. We describe the concepts of generic redirected walking in detail and present implications that have been derived from the initially conducted user study. Furthermore we discuss example applications from different domains in order to point out the benefits of our approach.
Infrared Star-Count Models and Their Application to the Subaru Deep Field

We construct infrared star-count models of the Galaxy, applicable at faint magnitudes, based on the models and luminosity functions (LFs) obtained at V. Two types of models are derived. First, we derive infrared versions of the disk and halo models by Gould et al., who obtained the local LFs and functional forms of the models based on Hubble Space Telescope (HST) star counts. Second, we construct a double exponential disk model based on the LF of nearby stars by Reid & Gizis and a halo model based on the nearby-subdwarf LF of Dahn et al. In addition to the dwarfs and subdwarfs included in the original models, we also take into account L dwarfs, T dwarfs, and white dwarfs of both disk and halo. As a test case for the models, we analyze the infrared imaging data at J and K′ obtained during the Subaru Deep Field survey to study stellar objects. Out of about 350 objects, 14 stellar objects are selected in a 2′ × 2′ field based on a morphological criterion applied to the J-band image. Both the completeness and the contamination associated with the selection criterion are evaluated by simulations. The J-band image is 57% complete at J = 24, and the number of contaminants is estimated to be negligible. The prediction of the HST-based models agrees with the observed count at -0.8 σ, and that of the nearby-star LF–based models also agrees with the observations at +1.0 σ. The observed count is between the predictions of the two types of models, which have contradictory local LFs. With our limited statistics, the observational data do not favor a particular type of model. The infrared star-count models we have obtained predict that the Next Generation Space Telescope will see primarily T dwarfs, M subdwarfs, and old halo white dwarfs at faint magnitudes.