Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estrogen Receptor-Beta Regulates Epithelial Cell Differentiation in the Mouse Ventral Prostate

The epithelium of the ventral prostate expresses high levels of ERβ (but no ERα). ERα is expressed in the stroma. Thus, in addition to the indirect effects of estrogen on the epithelium which are reported to be mediated by ERα, there is a direct estrogenic influence on prostatic epithelium mediated by ERβ. We have reported that loss of ERβ results in epithelial hypercellularity in the ventral prostate. In ERβ–/– mouse prostates, there is overexpression of the androgen receptor and of the antiapoptotic factor Bcl-2 in the prostate. Bcl-2 is an estrogen-regulated gene. It is normally expressed only in the basal cells in the prostate. This apparent expansion of the ‘stem cell-like population’ in the ERβ–/– mouse prostate has been further examined. We found a higher expression of cytokeratin 5 in ERβ–/– mouse prostates so that the ratio of cytokeratin 5 to that of 19 is much higher in ERβ–/– than in wild-type littermates. In addition, labeling of DNA with BrdU showed a 3.5-fold higher proliferation rate in ERβ–/– mouse prostate. Despite these clear differences, the piling up of epithelial cells never progressed to high-grade PIN-like lesions. Hyperplastic foci in ERβ–/– mice show accumulation of cells without signs of atypia, resembling low-grade PIN in humans. The reason for this appeared to be a high rate of cellular detachment and subsequent fall off into the lumen in ERβ–/– mice. The fall off phenomenon is possibly related to the finding that the expression of the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin was very reduced. We conclude that in ERβ–/– mouse prostates, the epithelial cell population contains more epithelial cells in the intermediate stage of differentiation, possessing both the ability to proliferate as the basal cells and the ability to secrete as the highly differentiated luminal epithelium.
Virtual Goal-Keeping: Understanding how perception influences decisions about action

According to Gibson’s theory of direct perception, humans and animals perceive and interact with surfaces (e.g. grass), places (e.g. pitch), objects (e.g. ball) and events (e.g. a set-play) (Gibson, 1966). All these so called properties of the surrounding environment provide opportunities for action. This relationship between the environment and player and the ensuing action possibilities are known as affordances. Affordances are essentially the starting point for psychologists trying to understand how humans perceive, learn, and decide to act upon events they perceive to be taking place in their surrounding environment (Turvey, 1992). This area of psychology assumes a player-environment mutuality and reciprocity. As Gibson said we “move to perceive and perceive to move”. Perceptual processes and action capabilities are therefore intricately linked and play a crucial role in the decision making process.
Indian nuclear fuel cycle decision-making: an analysis of influences

Early leaders of the Republic of India, including Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and prominent nuclear scientist Homi Bhabha, highly prioritized the development of nuclear technology. Nehru gave Bhabha much autonomy over the nuclear program, and Bhabha devised a three-stage nuclear program in the 1950s to utilize India’s domestic reserves of thorium and uranium. India has remained committed to the three-stage program and also developed nuclear explosives in the 1970s. This paper uses prospect theory to analyze India’s nuclear fuel cycle decision-making from 1948 to 1990. This analysis shows that India’s nuclear program served two of the country’s main strategic interests: self-sufficiency and attaining equal international standing with the great powers. Prospect theory helps explain how Indian leaders perceived these strategic interests and how the nuclear program fit into pursuing these interests. Indian leaders, in a risk averse gains frame, viewed signing the Non-Proliferation Treaty in the 1960s as risky because that could have reduced self-sufficiency. Indira Gandhi, in a risk acceptant losses frame, authorized the Pokhran-I nuclear explosive test in the early 1970s to demonstrate Indian capability, and India had to accept the isolation of its nuclear program from the global market as a result. Prospect theory allowed this analysis to focus on the frame of reference and perceptions of the decision-makers and then understand why certain policy options were selected over other policy options, rather than prescribing a particular model of nuclear decision-making.
Phytoplankton Cell Lysis Associated with Polyunsaturated Aldehyde Release in the Northern Adriatic Sea

Diatoms are able to react to biotic and abiotic stress, such as competition, predation and unfavorable growth conditions, by producing bioactive compounds including polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs). PUAs have been shown to act against grazers and either enhance or inhibit the growth of different phytoplankton and bacteria both in culture and in the field. Presence of nanomolar concentrations of dissolved PUAs in seawater has been reported in the North Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean), suggesting that these compounds are released in seawater following diatom cell lysis. However, the origin of the PUAs and their effects on natural phytoplankton assemblages remain unclear. Here we present data from four oceanographic cruises that took place during diatom blooms in the northern Adriatic Sea where concentrations of particulate and dissolved PUAs were monitored along with phytoplankton cell lysis. Cell lysis was positively correlated with both concentrations of particulate and dissolved PUAs (R = 0.69 and R = 0.77, respectively), supporting the hypothesis that these compounds are released by cell lysis. However, the highest concentration of dissolved PUAs (2.53 nM) was measured when cell lysis was high (0.24 d−1) but no known PUA-producing diatoms were detected, suggesting either that other organisms can produce PUAs or that PUA-producing enzymes retain activity extracellularly after diatom cells have lysed. Although in situ concentrations of dissolved PUAs were one to three orders of magnitude lower than those typically used in laboratory culture experiments, we argue that concentrations produced in the field could induce similar effects to those observed in culture and therefore may help shape plankton community composition and function in the oceans.
Ultrasound strain rate imaging of individual muscle motor units

Skeletal muscle is organized in motor units, each comprising a motor neuron and all its connected muscle fibres. The arrival of an action potential (a neural “impulse”) causes the fibers to contract, they exhibit a twitch. This study aimed for the spatiotemporal detection of individual twitches, which may allow for a more detailed real-time study of muscle physiology and higher fidelity in applications such as prosthesis control.
Extended Input Space Support Vector Machine

In some applications, the probability of error of a given classifier is too high for its practical application, but we are allowed to gather more independent test samples from the same class to reduce the probability of error of the final decision. From the point of view of hypothesis testing, the solution is given by the Neyman-Pearson lemma. However, there is no equivalent result to the Neyman-Pearson lemma when the likelihoods are unknown, and we are given a training dataset. In this brief, we explore two alternatives. First, we combine the soft (probabilistic) outputs of a given classifier to produce a consensus labeling for test samples. In the second approach, we build a new classifier that directly computes the label for test samples. For this second approach, we need to define an extended input space training set and incorporate the known symmetries in the classifier. This latter approach gives more accurate results, as it only requires an accurate classification boundary, while the former needs an accurate posterior probability estimate for the whole input space. We illustrate our results with well-known databases.
Crystal structure of 1-(2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylphenyl)ethanone

The title compound, C9H10O3, is a bioactive secondary metabolite, isolated from the endophytic fungus Nodulisporium sp. The compound exhibits an intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond between the phenolic H atom and the carbonyl O atom of the adjacent acetyl group. In the crystal, molecules are linked by hydrogen bonds involving the 4-phenolic H atom and a symmetry-related carbonyl O atom of a neighboring molecule, resulting in extended supramolecular chains along the a-axis direction. Aromatic π–π stacking interactions between the nearly parallel benzene rings of adjacent chains [centroid–centroid distance = 3.7478 (8) Å] further stabilize the three-dimensional supramolecular framework.
Design and impelmentation of a speaker verification system using i-vector and Support Vector Machines

In the recent years, design of robust and effective speaker verification algorithms has attracted significant research effort from academic and commercial institutions. Speaker verification is a procedure that uses voice properties to prove the identity of person. Speaker verification solutions offer a highly accurate and efficient method of authenticating a person's identity by analyzing his/her voice. It is widely believed that speaker verification systems perform better when there is sufficient background training data to deal with nuisance effects of transmission channels. For some applications however, training data from the same type of sound environment is scarce, whereas a considerable amount of data from a different type of environment is available. This paper, presents a new algorithm for text-independent speaker verification systems based on the extraction of parameters (i-vectors) model. Support Vector Machines is used as a classifier and the model is trained and tested using data of 100 human voices. Evaluation of the data shows acceptable performance of the implemented algorithm. Also implementation of this algorithm using HM 2007 board is part this work. All designed circuits for the latter are presented and results of the trained algorithm mentioned.
Malignant melanoma. Effects of an early structured psychiatric intervention, coping, and affective state on recurrence and survival 6 years later.

OBJECTIVES We evaluated recurrence and survival for 68 patients with malignant melanoma who participated in a 6-week structured psychiatric group intervention 5 to 6 years earlier, shortly after their diagnosis and initial surgical treatment. We also explored the role of several factors as possible predictors of outcome. DESIGN This was a randomized controlled experimental study. The Cox proportion hazards regression model was used to quantify the relationship between treatment and the outcomes adjusted by the covariates (age, sex, Breslow depth, tumor site, baseline Profile of Mood States Total Mood Disturbance, baseline active-behavioral coping, baseline natural killer cell activity, and treatment [ie, group intervention]). The stepwise procedure was used for covariate selection. RESULTS For control patients, there was a trend for recurrence (13/34) and a statistically significant greater rate of death (10/34) than for experimental patients (7/34 and 3/34, respectively). We found that being male and having a greater Breslow depth predicted greater recurrence and poorer survival. Analysis of multiple covariates found that only Breslow depth and treatment (ie, group intervention) were significant. Adjusting for Breslow depth, treatment effect remained significant. Finally, baseline affective distress and baseline coping were significant psychobehavioral predictors for recurrence and survival. Surprisingly, higher levels of baseline distress as well as baseline coping and enhancement of active-behavioral coping over time were predictive of lower rates of recurrence and death. CONCLUSION Psychiatric interventions that enhance effective coping and reduce affective distress appear to have beneficial effects on survival but are not proposed as an alternative or independent treatment for cancer or any other illness or disease. However, the exact nature of this relationship warrants further investigation.
On physical web browser

In this paper, we present the Physical Web Browser project for web applications depending on the environment. At this moment, many of users all over the world visit websites using their mobile devices only. Any mobile device (e.g., smartphone) has sensors to capture the environmental information. This information (context) could be analyzed and used within the web applications. There are, at least, two models for using this information. Firstly, we can use context information for data gathering requests in a web application. In this case, the output depends on the context. It is the classical model for context-aware data retrieval. In the second model, we can use context-aware data for improving user experience (for changing and tuning user interfaces). In other words, we present a way for the adaptation of web applications depending on the environment.
Functional Coupling of Cleavage and Polyadenylation with Transcription of mRNA*

Cleavage and polyadenylation define the 3′ ends of almost all eukaryotic mRNAs and are thought to occur during transcription. We describe a human in vitro system utilizing an immobilized template, in which transcripts in RNA polymerase II elongation complexes are efficiently cleaved and polyadenylated. Because the cleavage rate of free RNA is much slower, we conclude that cleavage is functionally coupled to transcription. Inhibition of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) had only a modest negative effect on cleavage, as long as transcripts were long enough to contain the polyadenylation signal. In contrast, removal of the carboxyl-terminal domain of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II had a dramatic negative effect on cleavage. Unexpectedly, the 5′ portion of transcript after cleavage remained associated with the template in a functional, polyadenylation-competent complex. Efficient cleavage required 5′ capping by the human capping enzyme, but the reduction of cleavage seen of transcripts in COOH-terminal domain-less polymerase elongation complexes, was not because of lack of capping.
Geometrical conditions for ballistic and visually controlled movements.

The ballistic movement is defined as a rapid voluntary movement which is motor programmed and in which visual feedback for path correction is not possible. A discrete ballistic movement is of short movement duration (less than about 200 msec) with a triphasic pattern in the electromyograph (EMG) for muscle activity and has an acceleration pattern which approximates a sinusoidal waveform. When the Index of Difficulty for such a movement is less than 3·0, the movement time is found to be related to the square root of the movement amplitude. The occurrence of ballistic movement is determined by the combined factors of Fitts' Index of Difficulty and movement amplitude.
Building effectiveness in teaching through targeted evaluation and response: connecting evaluation to teaching improvement in higher education

This paper describes the development of a model for integrating student evaluation of teaching results with academic development opportunities, in new ways that take into account theoretical and practical developments in both fields. The model is described in terms of five phases or components: (1) the basic student evaluation system; (2) an interpretive guidance system that helps lecturers understand and interpret their results; (3) a longitudinal reporting system that initiates opportunities for staff to engage in personal and professional development in the context of a learning community; (4) a structured professional development programme that builds a faculty learning community, in which the members utilise extended cycles of evaluation based on (5) a comprehensive evaluation model designed to develop and encourage the collection of evaluation data from a variety of sources concerning the quality and impact of teaching: the teacher; student learning outcomes; student experience; and the teacher’s peers.
Prospects for the manufacture of red cells for transfusion

Whilst red cell transfusion is a well established cellular therapy, the problems of insufficiency of supply, transfusion transmitted infections and the requirement for immunological matching persist. The possibility of generating large numbers of O Rh D negative red cells at Good Manufacturing Practice grade as a route to circumvent these issues is therefore an attractive proposition. Significant numbers of erythrocytes can be generated from somatic haematopoietic stem cells, but it seems unlikely that these can provide sufficient volumes for large scale manufacture. However, human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and, potentially, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), may provide a route to this objective. Red cell transfusion is an attractive goal for pluripotent stem cell‐derived therapeutics because it is a well‐characterised single cell suspension that lacks nucleated cells and has a low expression of human leucocyte antigen molecules, but many challenges remain in translating this cellular therapy to the clinic.
Structure, Function and Networks of Transcription Factors Involved in Abiotic Stress Responses

Transcription factors (TFs) are master regulators of abiotic stress responses in plants. This review focuses on TFs from seven major TF families, known to play functional roles in response to abiotic stresses, including drought, high salinity, high osmolarity, temperature extremes and the phytohormone ABA. Although ectopic expression of several TFs has improved abiotic stress tolerance in plants, fine-tuning of TF expression and protein levels remains a challenge to avoid crop yield loss. To further our understanding of TFs in abiotic stress responses, emerging gene regulatory networks based on TFs and their direct targets genes are presented. These revealed components shared between ABA-dependent and independent signaling as well as abiotic and biotic stress signaling. Protein structure analysis suggested that TFs hubs of large interactomes have extended regions with protein intrinsic disorder (ID), referring to their lack of fixed tertiary structures. ID is now an emerging topic in plant science. Furthermore, the importance of the ubiquitin-proteasome protein degradation systems and modification by sumoylation is also apparent from the interactomes. Therefore; TF interaction partners such as E3 ubiquitin ligases and TF regions with ID represent future targets for engineering improved abiotic stress tolerance in crops.
Love, Body and Change: A teacher's narrative reflections

'Love' was chosen as our topic after we had noticed that many teachers used the word 'love' when talking about relational ethics. One of them was Helena, the teacher to be discussed in this paper. We have been interested in how different stories can be used as reflective tools and what and how they tell about love. In Helena's autobiography, we discovered three critical phases at which love was manifested in her moral horizon: to learn to love by being loved, to learn to love pupils and love as struggle. In her diary, we identified two aspects of love that she reflected on through bodily descriptions: love as interaction with children and love of oneself. Based on Helena's interviews, we identified two dimensions through which love was reflected in the frame of change at the classroom level: the curriculum and time and power. The three different narrative ways to reflect on love indicated that, in order to understand reflection and the reflective practice, we need to hear different stories.
Decreased β‐cell insulin secretory function in aged rats due to impaired Ca2+ handling

Ageing is associated with an increased impairment in glucose homeostasis and an increased incidence of type 2 diabetes. In this study, we evaluated β‐cell function and its implications for glucose homeostasis in 24‐month‐old female Wistar rats. Aged rats showed lower plasma glucose levels in the fed and fasting states compared with control rats. In addition, insulinaemia in the fed state was reduced in the older rats. Insulin receptor β (IRβ) expression was lower in the livers of the aged animals, whereas IRβ and Akt1/2/3 protein expressions were higher in the muscles. These effects may contribute to the normal glucose tolerance observed in older rodents. Isolated islets from aged rats secreted less insulin in response to 8.3 and 16.7 mm glucose. Accordingly, this group presented a lower [Ca2+]i in the presence of glucose and a depolarizing stimulus (30 mm K+). In addition, islets from aged rats showed reduced insulin secretion in response to 100 μm carbachol (CCh), 10 nm phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate and 10 μm forskolin. The expressions of protein kinase C, protein kinase A and exocytotic proteins, such as syntaxin 1 and synaptosomal‐associated protein 25 kDa (SNAP‐25), were similar in islets from aged and control rats. In conclusion, our evidence suggests that the increased incidence of type 2 diabetes with age may be due to a progressive decline in β‐cell secretory capacity due to disruption of Ca2+ handling. Furthermore, the expression of proteins of the insulin transduction cascade showed an adaptive profile, with a compensatory increase in IRβ and Akt1/2/3 in gastrocnemius muscles, which may maintain normal glucose homeostasis in 24‐month‐old rats.
Public Policy toward Television: Mass Media and Education in American Society

Two key components of an urban industrial society are a common culture and national economy. By presenting popular national symbols, sponsored by nationally advertised brand names, the mass media in the United States have played a major role in encouraging and maintaining each of these. Television, in particular, provides a steady flow of information and images to which all are exposed. These influence our perceptions of the world and touch upon the lives of all Americans.
Using layout technique and direct-tunneling mechanism to promote DC performance of partially depleted SOI devices

This paper reports the dc performance enhancements of partially depleted (PD) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices with lower subthreshold swing and higher driving capability, kink-onset voltage, and transconductance simultaneously. Based on the measured results, by using layout technique, for floating-body PD SOI pMOSFETs with ultrathin gate-oxide thickness, H-gate configuration with the partial n/sup +/ poly-gate shows the best floating-body characteristics as compared to that in T-gate and three-terminal configurations. Owing to the direct-tunneling mechanism in the partial n/sup +/ poly-gate, the conduction-band electron tunneling current will make the floating-body potential biased in strong inversion region raised. In addition, due to the larger oxide voltage drop across the partial n/sup +/ poly-gate in subthreshold region, the valence-band hole substrate current will result in lower floating-body potential. These dc performance enhancements advantage in both digital and analog designs.
Explaining Mothers' Ambivalence Toward Their Adult Children

Interest in applying the concept of ambivalence to the study of intergenerational relations has increased in recent years. However, few empirical studies of this issue have been conducted. Using data from a study of 189 mothers aged 60 and over, the authors examine sources of ambivalence regarding the quality of their relationships with adult children. They hypothesized that adult children's failure to achieve and maintain normative adult statuses and financial independence and mother's developmental stage will predict ambivalent assessments of the relationship. Regression analyses supported these hypotheses and also revealed that the variables predicting ambivalence differed from those that predicted closeness and interpersonal stress.