Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topographical Distribution of γ‐Aminobutyric Acid Within the Cat Thalamus in Relation to the Basal Ganglia, as Determined by Mass Fragmentometry

Abstract: Chemical ionization mass spectrometry was introduced for the assay of GABA in the cat brain. The method is quite simple, sensitive, and specific for quantitative analysis. Study of the regional distribution of the GABA content within the thalamus disclosed that the ventromedial nucleus (VM) of the thalamus had a high concentration of GABA. The VM receives the afferent projection from the zona reticulata of the substantia nigra. The result, together with the results obtained by physiological as well as pharmacological studies, supports the hypothesis that the transmitter substance of the nigrothalamic pathway is GABA.
Charge Allocation Concept for Fairer Resource Sharing in Best-Effort Network

The potential increase in the popularity of greedy software such as download accelerator software and greedy application such as P2P leads to a significant demands for reconstruction of the old fashion max-min fairness definition. Furthermore, these applications and software monopolize network bandwidth and hence result in magnificent degradation in the performance of real-time application such as VOIP, video conferencing and IPTV. This paper intends to introduce new fairness concept based on charge allocation in oppose of bandwidth allocation. This idea is discussed and analyzed conceptually and analytically with comparison to the famous Weighted Fair Queueing. The result shows impressive increases in fairness and protection of resource sharing. This research stimulates and redirects researcher attention to another dimension.
Balancing Reliability and Utilization in Dynamic Spectrum Access

Future wireless networks will dynamically access spectrum to maximize its utilization. Conventional design of dynamic spectrum access focuses on maximizing spectrum utilization, but faces the problem of degraded reliability due to unregulated demands and access behaviors. Without providing proper reliability guarantee, dynamic spectrum access is unacceptable to many infrastructure networks and services. In this paper, we propose SPARTA, a new architecture for dynamic spectrum access that balances access reliability and spectrum utilization. SPARTA includes two complementary techniques: proactive admission control performed by a central entity to determine the set of wireless nodes to be supported with only statistical information of their spectrum demands, and online adaptation performed by admitted wireless nodes to adjust their instantaneous spectrum usage to time-varying demand. Using both theoretical analysis and simulation, we show that SPARTA fulfills the reliability requirements while dynamically multiplexing spectrum demands to improve utilization. Compared to conventional solutions, SPARTA improves spectrum utilization by 80%-200%. Finally, SPARTA also allows service providers to explore the tradeoff between utilization and reliability to make the best use of the spectrum. To our best knowledge, our work is the first to identify and address such a tradeoff.
Distributed Image Processing On A Network Of Workstations

Abstract In distributed computing systems, a critical concern is to efficiently partition and schedule the tasks among available processors in such a way that the overall processing time of the submitted tasks is at a minimum. On a network of workstations, using parallel virtual machine communication library, we conducted distributed image-processing experiments following two different scheduling and partitioning strategies. In this article, following the recently evolved paradigm, referred to as divisible load theory (DLT), we conducted an experimental study on the time performance to process a very large volume of image data on a network of workstations. As a case study, we use edge detection using Sobel operator as an application to demonstrate the performance of the strategy proposed by DLT. Them we present our program model and timing mechanism ibr the distributed image processing. Following our system models, we compare two different partitioning and scheduling strategies: the partitioning and scheduling strategy following divisible load theory (PSSD) and the traditional equal-partitioning strategy (EQS). From the experimental results and performance analysis using different image sizes, kernel sizes, and number of workstations, we observe that the time performance using 1*881) is much better than that obtained using EQS. We also demonstrate the speed-up achieved by these strategies. Furthermore, we observe that the theoretical analysis using DLT agrees with the experimental results quite well, which verifies the feasibility of DLT in practical applications.
Whither the Region? Periods and Periodicity in Planning History

The principal argument of this article is that for a century and more the region has been a significant scale for planning practice, for the provision of basic services, and more recently for citizen activism. Yet within planning history, attention to regions and regionalism has waxed and waned. When practitioners, historians, and social scientists have considered regions retrospectively, they have tended to view events and endeavors as episodic; they have assigned the region to particular moments or movements (a City Beautiful, the New Deal, a “new regionalism”), to discrete eras or decades (ecological regionalism, regional science), and to particular localities. Often those who study practice have seen regions when those they write about organized their efforts, framed their plans, implemented policies, and constituted these explicitly as regional in scale and scope. Because the attention of those who write planning history has been more periodic than comprehensive, scholars and practitioners who seek to understand the development over time of region as a concept, an ideal, and a space of analysis and intervention have turned to geography and allied disciplines for theory and empirics.
Design and simulation of mobile and hopping robot

In order to adapt to the complex unstructured environment, a novel mobile and hopping robot is introduced in this paper based on the combination of wheel structure and hopping structure. The robot could choose its motion mode according to the detected landforms, which increases energy utilization efficiency and the ability of adaptation, as well as extending its motion range. The structure of the robot, which includes the mobile mechanism, taking-off pose adjustment mechanism, hopping mechanism and main frame, is designed. Then the movement performance of the robot is analyzed and the simulation is conducted to prove the correctness and effectiveness of the structure design of the robot and the theoretical analysis. The research results show that this robot can adapt to complex terrain, and it can be used in planetary exploration and battlefield reconnaissance in the future.
The focal adhesion protein PINCH-1 associates with EPLIN at integrin adhesion sites

ABSTRACT PINCH-1 is a LIM-only domain protein that forms a ternary complex with integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and parvin (to form the IPP complex) downstream of integrins. Here, we demonstrate that PINCH-1 (also known as Lims1) gene ablation in the epidermis of mice caused epidermal detachment from the basement membrane, epidermal hyperthickening and progressive hair loss. PINCH-1-deficient keratinocytes also displayed profound adhesion, spreading and migration defects in vitro that were substantially more severe than those of ILK-deficient keratinocytes indicating that PINCH-1 also exerts functions in an ILK-independent manner. By isolating the PINCH-1 interactome, the LIM-domain-containing and actin-binding protein epithelial protein lost in neoplasm (EPLIN, also known as LIMA1) was identified as a new PINCH-1-associated protein. EPLIN localized, in a PINCH-1-dependent manner, to integrin adhesion sites of keratinocytes in vivo and in vitro and its depletion severely attenuated keratinocyte spreading and migration on collagen and fibronectin without affecting PINCH-1 levels in focal adhesions. Given that the low PINCH-1 levels in ILK-deficient keratinocytes were sufficient to recruit EPLIN to integrin adhesions, our findings suggest that PINCH-1 regulates integrin-mediated adhesion of keratinocytes through the interactions with ILK as well as EPLIN.
Toward a Model of Emotional Contagion Influence on Agile Development for Mission Critical Systems

This position paper provides a framework to test positive and negative emotional contagion between agile teams for producing mission critical systems in order to enhance agile teams' cooperativeness and performance, lower conflicts, and to make decisions more accurate. Due to human errors in analyzing, designing, implementing, and testing phases for producing mission critical systems, losses and risks are significantly higher than other systems; while the adoption of agile development processes in mission critical systems has shown promising results of minimizing risks and costs. However, agile processes are people-oriented where human error is the main contributor to the success or failure of the system. Within the software industry, studies have investigated developers' conation and cognition to enhance their performance and communication within teams, while the role of affect (emotions and moods) was neglected for decades. Emotional contagion, as a factor of affect influence, has only been tested in studies at the managerial decision-making level; while no evidence of such studies that investigate whether or not the emotional contagion influences behavioural groups in agile developments which is the main concern of this paper.
NKT Cells from Normal and Tumor-Bearing Human Livers Are Phenotypically and Functionally Distinct from Murine NKT Cells 1

A major group of murine NK T (NKT) cells express an invariant Vα14Jα18 TCR α-chain specific for glycolipid Ags presented by CD1d. Murine Vα14Jα18+ account for 30–50% of hepatic T cells and have potent antitumor activities. We have enumerated and characterized their human counterparts, Vα24Vβ11+ NKT cells, freshly isolated from histologically normal and tumor-bearing livers. In contrast to mice, human NKT cells are found in small numbers in healthy liver (0.5% of CD3+ cells) and blood (0.02%). In contrast to those in blood, most hepatic Vα24+ NKT cells express the Vβ11 chain. They include CD4+, CD8+, and CD4−CD8− cells, and many express the NK cell markers CD56, CD161, and/or CD69. Importantly, human hepatic Vα24+ T cells are potent producers of IFN-γ and TNF-α, but not IL-2 or IL-4, when stimulated pharmacologically or with the NKT cell ligand, α-galactosylceramide. Vα24+Vβ11+ cell numbers are reduced in tumor-bearing compared with healthy liver (0.1 vs 0.5%; p < 0.04). However, hepatic cells from cancer patients and healthy donors release similar amounts of IFN-γ in response to α-galactosylceramide. These data indicate that hepatic NKT cell repertoires are phenotypically and functionally distinct in humans and mice. Depletions of hepatic NKT cell subpopulations may underlie the susceptibility to metastatic liver disease.
A foveated wide angle lens for active vision

We present a novel design and implementation of a foveated wide angle lens. It is strongly motivated towards applications for active vision in complex and dynamic environments. The projection curve is designed so that it facilitates active vision algorithms for motion analysis, object identification, and precise fixation. The implementation achieves small size and light weight so that the lens can be swung at a high speed.
Regulation of Glial Cell Functions by PPAR-γ Natural and Synthetic Agonists

In the recent years, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), a well known target for type II diabetes treatment, has received an increasing attention for its therapeutic potential in inflammatory and degenerative brain disorders. PPAR-γ agonists, which include naturally occurring compounds (such as long chain fatty acids and the cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy Δ12,14 prostaglandin J2), and synthetic agonists (among which the thiazolidinediones and few nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) have shown anti-inflammatory and protective effects in several experimental models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis and stroke, as well as in few clinical studies. The pleiotropic effects of PPAR-γ agonists are likely to be mediated by several mechanisms involving anti-inflammatory activities on peripheral immune cells (macrophages and lymphocytes), as well as direct effects on neural cells including cerebral vascular endothelial cells, neurons, and glia. In the present article, we will review the recent findings supporting a major role for PPAR-γ agonists in controlling neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration through their activities on glial cells, with a particular emphasis on microglial cells as major macrophage population of the brain parenchyma and main actors in brain inflammation.
First Grade and Educational Attainment by Age 22: A New Story1

Studies of the persistence of social stratification rely heavily on students’ experience in secondary schools. In this study, outcomes for a randomly selected panel of Baltimore children, followed from age 6 to age 22, demonstrate that first graders’ social contexts and personal resources explain educational attainment levels in early adulthood about as well as do similar resources measured in adolescence. Years of schooling and the highest level of school attempted respond most strongly to family SES, but parental psychological support and the child’s own temperament/disposition had substantial effects on first‐grade academic outcomes. The predictive power of race, gender, SES, and neighborhood quality measured in first grade on educational status at age 22 supports Lucas’s “effectively maintained inequality. ”
Transcriptional Regulation of the Human Biglycan Gene*

The small leucine-rich proteoglycan biglycan is involved in several physiological and pathophysiological processes through the ability of its core protein to interact with other extracellular matrix molecules and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). To learn more about the regulation of biglycan core protein expression, we have cloned and sequenced 1218 base pairs from the 5′-flanking region of the human biglycan gene, demonstrated functional promoter activity, and investigated the molecular mechanisms through which various agents modulate its transcriptional activity. Sequencing revealed the presence of several cis-acting elements including multiple AP-2 sites and interleukin-6 response elements, a NF-κB site, a TGF-β negative element, and an E-box. The TATA and CAAT box-lacking promoter possesses many features of a growth-related gene, e.g. a GC-rich immediate 5′ region, many Sp1 sites, and the use of multiple transcriptional start sites. Transient transfections of the tumor cell lines MG-63, SK-UT-1, and T47D with various biglycan 5′-flanking region-luciferase reporter gene constructs showed that the proximal 78 base pairs are sufficient for full promoter activity. Several agents among them interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. were capable of altering biglycan promoter activity. However, in MG-63 cells, TGF-β1 failed to increase either activity of the biglycan promoter constructs or specific transcription from the endogenous biglycan gene. Since TGF-β1 also did not alter the stability of cytoplasmic biglycan mRNA as determined from Northern analysis after inhibition of transcription with 5,6-dichloro-1β-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, an as yet unidentified nuclear post-transcriptional mechanism was considered responsible for the TGF-β effect in this cell type. These results might help to elucidate the molecular pathways leading to pathological alterations of biglycan expression observed in atherosclerosis, glomerulonephritis, and fibrosis.
The Use of 3-D Cultures for High-Throughput Screening: The Multicellular Spheroid Model

Over the past few years, establishment and adaptation of cell-based assays for drug development and testing has become an important topic in high-throughput screening (HTS). Most new assays are designed to rapidly detect specific cellular effects reflecting action at various targets. However, although more complex than cell-free biochemical test systems, HTS assays using monolayer or suspension cultures still reflect a highly artificial cellular environment and may thus have limited predictive value for the clinical efficacy of a compound. Today’s strategies for drug discovery and development, be they hypothesis free or mechanism based, require facile, HTS-amenable test systems that mimic the human tissue environment with increasing accuracy in order to optimize preclinical and preanimal selection of the most active molecules from a large pool of potential effectors, for example, against solid tumors. Indeed, it is recognized that 3-dimensional cell culture systems better reflect the in vivo behavior of most cell types. However, these 3-D test systems have not yet been incorporated into mainstream drug development operations. This article addresses the relevance and potential of 3-D in vitro systems for drug development, with a focus on screening for novel antitumor drugs. Examples of 3-D cell models used in cancer research are given, and the advantages and limitations of these systems of intermediate complexity are discussed in comparison with both 2-D culture and in vivo models. The most commonly used 3-D cell culture systems, multicellular spheroids, are emphasized due to their advantages and potential for rapid development as HTS systems. Thus, multicellular tumor spheroids are an ideal basis for the next step in creating HTS assays, which are predictive of in vivo antitumor efficacy.
On MAP Inference by MWSS on Perfect Graphs

Finding the most likely (MAP) configuration of a Markov random field (MRF) is NP-hard in general. A promising, recent technique is to reduce the problem to finding a maximum weight stable set (MWSS) on a derived weighted graph, which if perfect, allows inference in polynomial time. We derive new results for this approach, including a general decomposition theorem for MRFs of any order and number of labels, extensions of results for binary pairwise models with submodular cost functions to higher order, and an exact characterization of which binary pairwise MRFs can be efficiently solved with this method. This defines the power of the approach on this class of models, improves our toolbox and expands the range of tractable models.
The State of the Art of Applications of Atmospheric-Pressure Nonequilibrium Plasma Jets in Dentistry

Due to several urgent applications such as plasma medicine, atmospheric-pressure nonequilibrium plasma jets (APNP-Js) have attracted lots of attention in the past two decades. Researchers found that APNP-Js could be used in various applications of dentistry. In this paper, first, a brief review on APNP-Js is presented. Second, the details about the application of the APNP-Js in the oral cavity, one of the important practices of dentistry, are described, which include a short description of common oral disease, plasma kill bacteria in planktonic culture, on Petri dish, in simulated root canal, and in teeth root canal. Besides, the safety of APNP-Js in the applications of dentistry is discussed, and the first prototype of plasma for root canal treatment is sketched. Third, the applications of APNP-Js in tooth bleaching and in surface treatment of dental implants are reviewed. Finally, a short conclusion is drawn, and the future of the applications of APNP-Js in dentistry is proposed.
Septin 9 amplification and isoform-specific expression in peritumoral and tumor breast tissue

Abstract Septins are a large family of GTP-binding proteins abnormally expressed in many solid tumors. Septin 9 (SEPT9) in particular has been found overexpressed in diverse human tumors including breast, head and neck, ovarian, endometrial, kidney, and pancreatic cancer. Although we previously reported SEPT9 amplification in breast cancer, we now show specifically that high-grade breast carcinomas, the subtype with worst clinical outcome, exhibit a significant increase in SEPT9 copy number when compared with other tumor grades. We also present, for the first time, a sensitive and quantitative measure of seven (SEPT9_v1 through SEPT9_v7) isoform variant mRNA levels in mammary epithelial cells. SEPT9_v1, SEPT9_v3, SEPT9_v6, and SEPT9_v7 isoforms were expressed at the highest levels followed by SEPT9_v2 and SEPT9_v5, whereas SEPT9_v4 was almost undetectable. Although most of the isoforms were upregulated in primary tumor tissues relative to the patient-matched peritumoral tissues, SEPT9_v4 remained the lowest expressing isoform. This comprehensive analysis of SEPT9 provides substantial evidence for increased SEPT9 expression as a consequence of genomic amplification and is the first study to profile SEPT9_v1 through SEPT9_v7 isoform-specific mRNA expression in tumor and nontumor tissues from patients with breast cancer.
Does the child’s actual participation make a difference? Positive and negative emotion states mentioned by mothers of young children during narrative construction

The study examined the rate that mothers mentioned positive and negative emotion states and emotion calls during narrative construction from a text-free children’s picture book illustrating happy and emotionally charged situations. Ninety-three mothers of 3- to 4-year-old kibbutz children were divided into three groups: (1) the child was not present and not mentioned; (2) the child was not present, but was mentioned by the experimenter; and (3) the child co-constructed the narrative with his/her mother. Mothers mentioned significantly more negative emotion states in the co-construction group than in the two other groups; no difference was found for positive emotion states. Findings for emotion calls differed: mothers used more positive emotion calls in the second group than in the other groups, and they used more negative emotion calls in the second and third group than in the first group.
AHP-based assessment of emergency response agencies

Advanced emergency management agency or not, directly related to the handling of public emergency is in place in time. At present, the management level of domestic emergency response agencies between provinces exists irregularity, in order to solve this problem, this paper proposed an emergency response agencies assessment method based on Analytic Hierarchy Process, used AHP to quantity evaluating indicator, assessed emergency response agencies between Henan Hunan and Shanxi provinces, finally we can get a more accurate evaluation result. Which will improve management level of emergency response agencies at the same time evaluate emergency response agencies scientifically and objectively.