Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dissipative heavy-ion collisions

This report is a compilation of lecture notes of a series of lectures held at Argonne National Laboratory in October and November 1984. The lectures are a discussion of dissipative phenomena as observed in collisions of atomic nuclei. The model is based on a system which has initially zero temperature and the initial energy is kinetic and binding energy. Collisions excite the nuclei, and outgoing fragments or the compound system deexcite before they are detected. Brownian motion is used to introduce the concept of dissipation. The master equation and the Fokker-Planck equation are derived. 73 refs., 59 figs. (WRF)
Optical performance and phase error budgeting of future ELTs

Next generation giant telescopes are under study around the world, with great variety in size and pupil segmentation scheme. We present performance calculations for different pupil segmentation geometries, in the presence of segment surface errors and residual atmospheric phase errors after Adaptive Optics correction. Optical performance is evaluated through point-spread function (PSF) calculation. Pupil segmentation parameters include segment size and shape, gap diffraction, and segment surface errors. We consider large, 8m-class, circular or polygonal segments, and small, 2m-class, hexagonal segments. These options represent the choices of the different telescopes design groups. Our segmentation scheme consists of eight polygonal petals forming a filled octagonal pupil. All segment and pupil edges are along four unique directions, minimizing the number of diffraction spikes in the PSF, creating large areas of low levels of scattered light close to the core. This is important for high-dynamic range imaging. Comparison between polygonal and circular petals shows that, in addition to the presence of low-scatter areas, the encircled energy is higher. One of the most challenging goal for these future ground-based telescopes is the exo-planet detection and observation. The integration in a single model of the telescope pupil shape, aberrations on the mirrors, AO residual wavefront errors provides an evaluation of the capacity of future extremely large telescopes in the key domain of high dynamical range imaging.
Optics of Thin Metal Films

The theory of reflectance and transmittance of light at oblique incidence on a thin metal film is developed in terms of the optical constants n and k. The appropriate substitutions of the complex quantity (n+ik) for the index of refraction in the standard formulas for a dielectric film are justified by physical considerations of energy conservation at the boundary and angle of propagation in the metal. The final formulas for this general case are very complicated, but the availability of computer techniques makes them of practical value for experimental determinations of the optical constants of a metal.
On Nonlinear Fractional Programming

The main purpose of this paper is to delineate an algorithm for fractional programming with nonlinear as well as linear terms in the numerator and denominator. The algorithm presented is based on a theorem by Jagannathan Jagannathan, R. 1966. On some properties of programming problems in parametric form pertaining to fractional programming. Management Sci.12 609--615. concerning the relationship between fractional and parametric programming. This theorem is restated and proved in a somewhat simpler way. Finally, it is shown how the given algorithm can be related to the method of Isbell and Marlow Isbell, J. R. , W. H. Marlow. 1956. Attrition games. Naval Res. Logist. Quart.3 71--93. for linear fractional programming and to the quadratic parametric approach by Ritter Ritter, K. 1962. Ein Verfahren zur Losung parameterabhangiger, nichtlinearer Maximum-Probleme. Unternehmensforschung, Band 6, S. 149--166. The Appendix contains a numerical example.
Multiscale variability of the evapotranspiration in eastern Amazonia

This article reports the characteristics of multiple time scales of signals, evapotranspiration (ET) and outgoing long‐wave radiation, in the eastern Amazonia. This has to apply the technique of mathematics Morlet wavelet transform. The results show a difference in the time scales between intraseasonal, synoptic and mesoscale for events. For the non‐flooded event (13 September 2004), hourly fluctuations in ET in scales from 2 to 5 h were more intense than those in the case of the flooded event (9 April 2005). This can be related to mesoscale circulations, possibly caused by local surface conditions, such as Lake Breeze. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Phonetic structure is similar across auditory and vibrotactile speech perception

Vibrotactile vocoders have long been viewed as a possible method for conveying speech information to deaf perceivers. However, modest levels of speech transmission have led to numerous alternative notions concerning limitations of vibrotactile devices. This study investigated whether perceived acoustic phonetic structure is preserved in the transformation of the F2 speech region via a linear vibrotactile vocoder array. In experiment 1, naive hearing subjects discriminated pairs of vibrotactile word stimuli immediately before and after 2 h of practice. At both times, relative vibrotactile discrimination levels were well predicted by identification of phonemes presented by an analogous F2 acoustic vocoder, suggesting that structure is preserved. In experiment 2, subjects separately rated auditory and vibrotactile consonant similarity of stimuli presented by auditory and vibrotactile vocoders, respectively. Analysis of phonological feature information showed similarities and differences in perceptual structu.
A COLLIDING-WIND MODEL FOR THE WOLF-RAYET SYSTEM HD 152270

New orbital elements for the binary system HD 152270 (WC7 + O6) are derived from high resolution observations and literature data, obtained between 1944 to 1989. Variations in position and structure of the peak profile, overlying the flat-topped C 3 569.59 nm line, are used to derive a colliding wind model (cone model) for the system. The model is used to construct synthetic line profiles which are compared with the observed profiles.
Statistical Inference Procedures for Bivariate Archimedean Copulas

Abstract A bivariate distribution function H(x, y) with marginals F(x) and G(y) is said to be generated by an Archimedean copula if it can be expressed in the form H(x, y) = ϕ–1[ϕ{F(x)} + ϕ{G(y)}] for some convex, decreasing function ϕ defined on [0, 1] in such a way that ϕ(1) = 0. Many well-known systems of bivariate distributions belong to this class, including those of Gumbel, Ali-Mikhail-Haq-Thelot, Clayton, Frank, and Hougaard. Frailty models also fall under that general prescription. This article examines the problem of selecting an Archimedean copula providing a suitable representation of the dependence structure between two variates X and Y in the light of a random sample (X 1, Y 1), …, (X n , Y n ). The key to the estimation procedure is a one-dimensional empirical distribution function that can be constructed whether the uniform representation of X and Y is Archimedean or not, and independently of their marginals. This semiparametric estimator, based on a decomposition of Kendall's tau statistic.
60% magnetoresistance at room temperature in Co–Fe/Al–O/Co–Fe tunnel junctions oxidized with Kr–O2 plasma

The influence of the mixed inert gas species for plasma oxidization process of a metallic Al layer on the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) was investigated for a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), Ta 50 A/Cu 200 A/Ta 200 A/Ni–Fe 50 A/Cu 50 A/Mn75Ir25 100 A/Co70Fe30 25 A/Al–O/Co70Fe30 25 A/Ni–Fe 100 A/Cu 200 A/Ta 50 A. Using Kr–O2 plasma, a 58.8% of TMR ratio was obtained at room temperature after annealing the junction at 300 °C, while the achieved TMR ratio of the MTJ fabricated with usual Ar–O2 plasma remained 48.6%. A faster oxidization rate of the Al layer by using Kr–O2 plasma is a possible cause to prevent the over oxidization of the Al layer, which depolarizes the surface of the underlaid ferromagnetic electrode, and to realize a large magnetoresistance.
A discrete queue with the markovian arrival process and phase type primary and secondary services

A discrete time queueing model with Markovian arrival process in which jobs require primary and possibly secondary service, is analysed. Under the assumptions of infinite waiting room for the primary queue and no waiting room for the secondary queue we show that the steady state queue length density is of the matrix-geometric type. Stationary waiting time distribution of an arriving job is derived explicitly. Efficient algorithmic procedures for the computation of the rate matrix and the waiting time distribution are given
The Naval Research Laboratory Ocean Surface Flux (NFLUX) System: Satellite-Based Turbulent Heat Flux Products

AbstractThe Naval Research Laboratory ocean surface flux (NFLUX) system provides satellite-based surface state parameter and surface turbulent heat flux fields operationally over the global ocean. These products are presented as an alternative to using numerical weather prediction models—namely, the U.S. Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM)—to provide the surface forcing to operational ocean models. NFLUX utilizes satellite sensor data records from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS), the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A), the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS), and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2 (AMSR-2) sensors as well as satellite environmental data records from WindSat, the Advanced Scatterometers (ASCAT), and the Oceansat scatterometer (OSCAT). The satellite data are processed and translated into estimates of surface specific humidity, surface air temperature, and 10-m scalar wind speed. Two-dimensional variational analyses of quality-controlled s.
A flux-limited diffusion theory

A diffusion theory for radiative transfer is derived which is naturally flux limited. i.e., the magnitude of the flux can be no greater than the density times the maximum transport speed. Numerical comparisons with exact solutions of the equation of transfer indicate that this approximate theory is significantly more accurate than classical isotopic diffusion theory (the Eddington approximation) and asymptotic diffusion theory.
Infinite degeneracy for a Landau Hamiltonian with Poisson impurities

We consider a single-band approximation to the random Schrodinger operator in an external magnetic field. The random potential consists of delta functions of random strengths whose positions have a Poisson distribution. We prove that if the magnetic field is sufficiently high compared to the density of scatterers, then with probability one there exists an infinitely degenerate eigenenergy coinciding with the first Landau level in the absence of a random potential.
Detection of CO(1-0) emission and optical imaging of the Seyfert galaxy/QSO Markarian 231

The detection of CO(J = 1-0) emission and optical imaging of the luminous infrared galaxy Markarian 231 are reported. The galaxy is extremely rich in molecular gas with MT(H2) approximately equal to 1.4 x 10 to the 10th solar masses, approximately 5 times the molecular gas content of the Galaxy. Markarian 231 is the most luminous object in the local universe (z approximately equal to or less than 0.1), with a far-infrared luminosity (lambda = 40-400 microns) of 2.1 x 10 to the 12th solar luminosities. THe CO detection yields a L(FIR)/M(H2) ratio of 150. A deep optical CCD image shows two striking tidal tails with total extent of about 75 kpc. The CCD image strongly suggests that Markarian 231 is an advanced merger system. If the molecular gas is highly concentrated in the nuclear region it may fuel an intense starburst and possibly feed the accretion onto an embedded QSO. The trigger for the intense activity observed in Markarian 231 appears to be the collision of two gas-rich spiral galaxies.
Identification automatique des régions d’intérêts sur des images tomographiques rénales

We propose, in this paper, an original approach in a statistical framework, for fully automatic delineation of kidneys (healthy and pathological) in 2D CT images. Our approach has two main steps : a localisation step followed by a delineation step. The localisation step is guided by a statistically learned prior spatial model in one hand and a grey level prior model in a second hand. The second step, utilizes the localisation results in order to precisely delineate the kidney’s regions using a set of learned IF-THEN rules. The proposed approach is tested on clinically acquired images and promising results are obtained.
Parametric Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonians: Quantum Dissipation, Irreversibility, and Pumping

In this thesis, we study interacting bosons on lattices consisting of a few sites. The main focus is on their response to external driving fields, their transport and decay properties. We address fundamental questions of quantum classical correspondence and investigate the implications of interactions in the transport properties of (ultra-)cold atom devices. Quantum mechanically, we describe bosons on lattices using a parametric Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian while the corresponding classical limit is described by the discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation.In the first part of this thesis we focus on the chaotic regime of the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian. We investigate the parametric change of eigenstates as the coupling strength between neighboring sites is varied, using perturbative and semiclassical methods. We then turn to the quantum evolution of driven interacting bosonic systems and study the resulting quantum dynamics and the irreversibility (fidelity) of the quantum motion.In the second part we initiate the study of quantum pumping/stirring in Bose-Einstein condensates with the aim to identify optimal pumping cycles and propose such a device in order to probe the interatomic interactions. Finally, in the last part we focus on the interplay of intrinsic dynamics with coupling to the continuum and investigate the structure of the resonance widths of a Bose-Hubbard dimer which is coupled to the continuum at one of the sites using an effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian formalism.
Bivariate Poisson and Diagonal Inflated Bivariate Poisson Regression Models in R

In this paper we present an R package called bivpois for maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters of bivariate and diagonal inflated bivariate Poisson regression models. An Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is implemented. Inflated models allow for modelling both over-dispersion (or under-dispersion) and negative correlation and thus they are appropriate for a wide range of applications. Extensions of the algorithms for several other models are also discussed. Detailed guidance and implementation on simulated and real data sets using bivpois package is provided.
On a random time series analysis valid for arbitrary spectral shape

Abstract While studying the problem of predicting freak waves it was realized that it would be advantageous to introduce a simple measure for such extreme events. Although it is customary to characterize extremes in terms of wave height or its maximum it is argued in this paper that wave height is an ill-defined quantity in contrast to, for example, the envelope of a wave train. Also, the last measure has physical relevance, because the square of the envelope is the potential energy of the wave train. The well-known representation of a narrow-band wave train is given in terms of a slowly varying envelope function ${\it\rho}$ and a slowly varying frequency ${\it\omega}=-\partial {\it\phi}/\partial t$ where ${\it\phi}$ is the phase of the wave train. The key point is now that the notion of a local frequency and envelope is generalized by also applying the same definitions for a wave train with a broad-banded spectrum. It turns out that this reduction of a complicated signal to only two parameters, namely envelope and frequency, still provides useful information on how to characterize extreme events in a time series. As an example, for a linear wave train the joint probability distribution of envelope height and period is obtained and is validated against results from a Monte Carlo simulation. The extension to the nonlinear regime is, as will be seen, fairly straightforward.
Distribution of Zeros of the Grand Partition Function

The distribution of zeros of the grand partition function is calculated in the thermodynamic limit for a class of one‐dimensional gas models in two ways: (1) from the equation of state and (2) directly from the partition function. In this way one obtains (for these cases) a verification of the assumptions we had to make in order to associate a unique distribution of zeros with a given equation of state. In the Appendix we present some numerical evidence for the validity of these assumptions also in the case of the van der Waals gas.
Light vector meson production at forward rapidity in pp collisions at the LHC with the ALICE detector

Low-mass vector mesons (ρ,ω and Φ) give us information on the hot and dense state of strongly interacting matter produced in heavy ion collisions. In fact, in the QGP an enhancement of the strange particle production should be present (strangeness enhancement), which means a No/Nρ+ω ratio increasing in A-A collisions with respect to pp colli- sions; pp collisions provide a reference for these studies. Vector meson production in pp collisions is also useful by itself, to study soft Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD) in the LHC energy range, since calculations in this regime are based on QCD inspired phenomenological models that must be tuned to the data. The ALICE experiment at the LHC can access vector mesons produced at forward rapidity through their decays in muon pairs. I show the ratio No/Nρ+ω vs pT , the ratios σρ/σω and σΦ/σω, and the Φ and ω pT and rapidity dierential cross sections for the data sample at 7 TeV. For the data sample at 2.76 TeV, because of the limited statistics, I have show only the No/Nρ+ω ratio and Φ and ω integrated cross sections.
Light field with its power flux circulating along a ring

Abstract. The trajectory of all nonparaxial accelerating two-dimensional (2-D) light beams known to date cannot bend higher than a semicircle. A recent paper by Alonso and Bandres suggested the use of an additional mirror to generate an accelerating beam’s path that would be curved greater than a semicircle but less than an entire circle. We, for the first time, show how to generate a 2-D light field with its power flux circulating about a ring. Also, we consider accelerating nonparaxial asymmetric 2-D Bessel beams, which are obtained from a conventional 2-D Bessel beam by shifting its center to the complex plane. We show numerically that with increasing asymmetry parameter of the Bessel beam, its curved path becomes shorter, whereas the side-lobes are suppressed with respect to the central peak.
Automatic Differentiation to Facilitate Maximum Likelihood Estimation in Nonlinear Random Effects Models

Maximum likelihood estimation in random effects models for non-Gaussian data is a computationally challenging task that currently receives much attention. This article shows that the estimation process can be facilitated by the use of automatic differentiation, which is a technique for exact numerical differentiation of functions represented as computer programs. Automatic differentiation is applied to an approximation of the likelihood function, obtained by using either Laplace's method of integration or importance sampling. The approach is applied to generalized linear mixed models. The computational speed is high compared to the Monte Carlo EM algorithm and the Monte Carlo Newton–Raphson method.
High‒degree gravity models from GRAIL primary mission data

We have analyzed Ka‒band range rate (KBRR) and Deep Space Network (DSN) data from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) primary mission (1 March to 29 May 2012) to derive gravity models of the Moon to degree 420, 540, and 660 in spherical harmonics. For these models, GRGM420A, GRGM540A, and GRGM660PRIM, a Kaula constraint was applied only beyond degree 330. Variance‒component estimation (VCE) was used to adjust the a priori weights and obtain a calibrated error covariance. The global root‒mean‒square error in the gravity anomalies computed from the error covariance to 320×320 is 0.77 mGal, compared to 29.0 mGal with the pre‒GRAIL model derived with the SELENE mission data, SGM150J, only to 140×140. The global correlations with the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter‒derived topography are larger than 0.985 between ℓ=120 and 330. The free‒air gravity anomalies, especially over the lunar farside, display a dramatic increase in detail compared to the pre‒GRAIL models (SGM150J and LP150Q) and, through degree 320, are free of the orbit‒track‒related artifacts present in the earlier models. For GRAIL, we obtain an a posteriori fit to the S‒band DSN data of 0.13 mm/s. The a posteriori fits to the KBRR data range from 0.08 to 1.5 μm/s for GRGM420A and from 0.03 to 0.06 μm/s for GRGM660PRIM. Using the GRAIL data, we obtain solutions for the degree 2 Love numbers, k20=0.024615±0.0000914, k21=0.023915±0.0000132, and k22=0.024852±0.0000167, and a preliminary solution for the k30 Love number of k30=0.00734±0.0015, where the Love number error sigmas are those obtained with VCE.
Modifying fuzzy association rules with linguistic hedges

We introduce linguistic hedges in data mining, especially in association rule mining, based on our recent work on fuzzy taxonomic structures where fuzzy rules like "expensive cosmetics /spl rArr/ tropical fruits" can be dealt with. In order to express the decision knowledge more naturally, the notion of fuzzy association rules with linguistic hedges is presented such as "very expensive goods /spl rArr/ sort of fruit". Furthermore, a method of mining all possible fuzzy association rules with a particular pool of linguistic hedges is discussed.