Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting change propagation in complex design

In redesign and design for customization, products are changed. During this process a change to one part of the product will, in most cases, result in changes to other parts. The prediction of such change provides a significant challenge in the management of redesign and customization of complex products where many change propagation paths may be possible. This paper reports on an analysis of change behavior based on a case study in Westland Helicopters of rotorcraft design; the development of mathematical models to predict the risk of change propagation in terms of likelihood and impact of change; and the development of a prototype computer support tool to calculate such information for a specific product. With knowledge of likely change propagation paths and their impact on the delivery of the product, design effort can be directed towards avoiding change to "expensive" sub-systems and, where possible, allowing change where it is easier to implement while still achieving the overall changes required.
Research on analysis routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

This paper discusses the analysis and evaluation of routing protocols in wireless sensor network, routing protocol for wireless sensor network based on the topology structure can be divided into planar and hierarchical. WSN communication protocol stack can be divided into physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transports layer and application layer. Finally this paper introduces the typical algorithm for planar and hierarchical routing protocols and experiment and Simulation of routing protocol for wireless sensor networks.
No-load Features of T-LSMs With Quasi-Halbach Magnets: Application to Free Piston Engines

The paper is devoted to the prediction followed by the enhancement of the no-load features of tubular linear synchronous machines (T-LSMs) with quasi-Halbach magnetized PMs in the mover. The study is initiated by the prediction of the spatial repartition of the no-load air gap flux density. Then, a formulation of the back-EMF and the cogging force, based on the predicted spatial repartition of the no-load air gap flux density, is developed, considering 1) the case of an infinite length machine and 2) the case of a finite length one. A case study, corresponding to an initial concept, is treated with the prediction of its no-load features. The study is extended to the enhancement of these features with emphasis on the effects of two influent sizing parameters, assuming an infinite length machine. This enables the identification of a preoptimized concept. The back-EMF and the cogging force of this latter are then predicted in the case of a finite length machine. A further enhancement of these features is gained, thanks to a quasicancellation of the end effect. The prediction of the back-EMF and the cogging force of the optimized T-LSM with quasi-Halbach magnetized PMs has clearly demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Classification of psychotropic drugs in a high dimensional space: Some preliminary results on hypothesis stability and power function

In this paper, we propose an approach to classify psychotropic drugs from the events related potential (ERP) signals using the P300 components. The difficulties of the problem reside essentially in the fact that traditional methods do not apply when observations are in a high dimensional space, which is a common case in biomedical engineering. Our objective is to propose new hypothesis tests that give p-values reflecting the reality of the efficacy criterion of drugs. Our test is based on a pattern recognition approach. We first study the stability of different training algorithms. We then exhibit a relationship between stability and power functions of the corresponding tests. We finally apply our method to test the efficacy of Lorazepam versus placebo to modify generators of brain activity.
Human Reactions to Uncontrollable Outcomes: Further Evidence for Superstitions Rather than Helplessness

Recent research has shown superstitious behaviour and illusion of control in human subjects exposed to the negative reinforcement conditions that are traditionally assumed to lead to the opposite outcome (i.e. learned helplessness). The experiments reported in this paper test the generality of these effects in two different tasks and under different conditions of percentage (75% vs. 25%) and distribution (random vs. last-trials) of negative reinforcement (escape from uncontrollable noise). All three experiments obtained superstitious behaviour and illusion of control and question the generality of learned helplessness as a consequence of exposing humans to uncontrollable outcomes.
Genome-Wide Identification of MicroRNAs in Response to Low Nitrate Availability in Maize Leaves and Roots

Background Nitrate is the major source of nitrogen available for many crop plants and is often the limiting factor for plant growth and agricultural productivity especially for maize. Many studies have been done identifying the transcriptome changes under low nitrate conditions. However, the microRNAs (miRNAs) varied under nitrate limiting conditions in maize has not been reported. MiRNAs play important roles in abiotic stress responses and nutrient deprivation. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we used the SmartArray™ and GeneChip® microarray systems to perform a genome-wide search to detect miRNAs responding to the chronic and transient nitrate limiting conditions in maize. Nine miRNA families (miR164, miR169, miR172, miR397, miR398, miR399, miR408, miR528, and miR827) were identified in leaves, and nine miRNA families (miR160, miR167, miR168, miR169, miR319, miR395, miR399, miR408, and miR528) identified in roots. They were verified by real time stem loop RT-PCR, and some with additional time points of nitrate limitation. The miRNAs identified showed overlapping or unique responses to chronic and transient nitrate limitation, as well as tissue specificity. The potential target genes of these miRNAs in maize were identified. The expression of some of these was examined by qRT-PCR. The potential function of these miRNAs in responding to nitrate limitation is described. Conclusions/Significance Genome-wide miRNAs responding to nitrate limiting conditions in maize leaves and roots were identified. This provides an insight into the timing and tissue specificity of the transcriptional regulation to low nitrate availability in maize. The knowledge gained will help understand the important roles miRNAs play in maize responding to a nitrogen limiting environment and eventually develop strategies for the improvement of maize genetics.
An Externality-Robust Auction: Theory and Experimental Evidence

Behavioral robustness is essential in mechanism design. Existing papers focus on robustness as captured by dominant strategies. This paper studies the novel concept of externality-robustness, which addresses players' motives to affect other players' monetary payoffs. One example is externalities due to spite, which has been used to explain overbidding in second-price auctions. We show theoretically and experimentally that a trade-off exists between dominant-strategy implementation and externality-robust implementation. In particular, we derive the externality-robust counterpart of the second-price auction. Our experiments replicate the earlier finding of overbidding in the second-price auction, but we find that average bids equal value in the externality-robust auction. Our data also reveal that both auctions produce the same level of efficiency, suggesting that both dimensions of robustness are equally important. Our results are relevant for mechanism design in general, because the concept of externality-robustness is applicable to arbitrary mechanism design problems.
Ablation of Neuropilin 1 from glioma-associated microglia and macrophages slows tumor progression

Gliomas are the most commonly diagnosed primary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Median times of survival are dismal regardless of the treatment approach, underlying the need to develop more effective therapies. Modulation of the immune system is a promising strategy as innate and adaptive immunity play important roles in cancer progression. Glioma associated microglia and macrophages (GAMs) can comprise over 30% of the cells in glioma biopsies. Gliomas secrete cytokines that suppress the anti-tumorigenic properties of GAMs, causing them to secrete factors that support the tumor's spread and growth. Neuropilin 1 (Nrp1) is a transmembrane receptor that in mice both amplifies pro-angiogenic signaling in the tumor microenvironment and affects behavior of innate immune cells. Using a Cre-lox system, we generated mice that lack expression of Nrp1 in GAMs. We demonstrate, using an in vivo orthotopic glioma model, that tumors in mice with Nrp1-deficient GAMs exhibit less vascularity, grow at a slower pace, and are populated by increased numbers of anti-tumorigenic GAMs. Moreover, glioma survival times in mice with Nrp1-deficient GAMs were significantly longer. Treating wild-type mice with a small molecule inhibitor of Nrp1's b1 domain, EG00229, which we show here is selective for Nrp1 over Nrp2, yielded an identical outcome. Nrp1-deficient or EG00229-treated wild-type microglia exhibited a shift towards anti-tumorigenicity as evident by altered inflammatory marker profiles in vivo and decreased SMAD2/3 activation when conditioned in the presence of glioma-derived factors. These results provide support for the proposal that pharmacological inhibition of Nrp1 constitutes a potential strategy for suppressing glioma progression.
ALS as a distal axonopathy: molecular mechanisms affecting neuromuscular junction stability in the presymptomatic stages of the disease

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is being redefined as a distal axonopathy, in that many molecular changes influencing motor neuron degeneration occur at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) at very early stages of the disease prior to symptom onset. A huge variety of genetic and environmental causes have been associated with ALS, and interestingly, although the cause of the disease can differ, both sporadic and familial forms of ALS show a remarkable similarity in terms of disease progression and clinical manifestation. The NMJ is a highly specialized synapse, allowing for controlled signaling between muscle and nerve necessary for skeletal muscle function. In this review we will evaluate the clinical, animal experimental and cellular/molecular evidence that supports the idea of ALS as a distal axonopathy. We will discuss the early molecular mechanisms that occur at the NMJ, which alter the functional abilities of the NMJ. Specifically, we focus on the role of axon guidance molecules on the stability of the cytoskeleton and how these molecules may directly influence the cells of the NMJ in a way that may initiate or facilitate the dismantling of the neuromuscular synapse in the presymptomatic stages of ALS.
Therapeutic potential of RQ-00311651, a novel T-type Ca2+ channel blocker, in distinct rodent models for neuropathic and visceral pain

Abstract T-type Ca2+ channels (T channels), particularly Cav3.2 among the 3 isoforms, play a role in neuropathic and visceral pain. We thus characterized the effects of RQ-00311651 (RQ), a novel T-channel blocker, in HEK293 cells transfected with human Cav3.1 or Cav3.2 by electrophysiological and fluorescent Ca2+ signaling assays, and also evaluated the antiallodynic/antihyperalgesic activity of RQ in somatic, visceral, and neuropathic pain models in rodents. RQ-00311651 strongly suppressed T currents when tested at holding potentials of −65 ∼ −60 mV, but not −80 mV, in the Cav3.1- or Cav3.2-expressing cells. RQ-00311651 also inhibited high K+-induced Ca2+ signaling in those cells. In mice, RQ, administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at 5 to 20 mg/kg or orally at 20 to 40 mg/kg, significantly suppressed the somatic hyperalgesia and visceral pain-like nociceptive behavior/referred hyperalgesia caused by intraplantar and intracolonic administration of NaHS or Na2S, H2S donors, respectively, which involve the enhanced activity of Cav3.2 channels. RQ-00311651, given i.p. at 5 to 20 mg/kg, exhibited antiallodynic or antihyperalgesic activity in rats with spinal nerve injury–induced neuropathy or in rats and mice with paclitaxel-induced neuropathy. Oral and i.p. RQ at 10 to 20 mg/kg also suppressed the visceral nociceptive behavior and/or referred hyperalgesia accompanying cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis and cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in mice. The analgesic and antihyperalgesic/antiallodynic doses of oral and i.p. RQ did not significantly affect the locomotor activity and motor coordination. Together, RQ is considered a state-dependent blocker of Cav3.1/Cav3.2 T channels and may serve as an orally available analgesic for treatment of neuropathic and inflammatory pain including distinct visceral pain with minimum central side effects.
Writing in the Margins: An interview with Bob Davis

Bob Davis is Editor of the Journal of Philosophy of Education and is Head of School and Professor of Religious and Cultural Education in the School of Education Administration at the University of Glasgow. As far as intellectual conversations and engagements go, this interview was nothing short of delightful. Bob, as he insisted I call him, spoke with such eloquence, humour, and generosity that in the interests of space and to fully appreciate the impact of his insights—in areas such as the role of learned societies in philosophy of education, engagements with new publishing formats in a digital age, and the future relevance of philosophy of education broadly—I have foregone the need for extended explanatory detail outside the perimeters of the interview. There is much I want to pursue further: the way the act of reading has historically interacted with the technologies through which it is mediated and its implications for new forms of publishing, the radical lineage of the salon to learned societies, and the revolution of the publishing world and its effects on academia. In the meantime, however, I will pass it over to Bob and let the conversation speak for itself. Enjoy.
Glassy roughness of a crystalline surface upon a disordered substrate.

The discrete Gaussian model for the surface of a crystal deposited on a disordered substrate is studied by Monte Carlo simulations. A continuous transition is found from a phase with a thermally-induced roughness to a glassy one in which the roughness is driven by the disorder. The behavior of the height-height correlations is consistent with the one-step replica symmetry broken solution of the variational approximation. The results differ from the renormalization group predictions and from recent simulations of a 2D vortex-glass model which belongs to the same universality class.
Dielectrophoretic assembly of 2 nm gold particles for nano-sensing applications

This paper describes the assembly of 2 nm gold nanoparticles between micro-fabricated planar electrodes by using dielectrophoresis (DEP). The optimal conditions for effectively dieletrophoretic manipulation have been established through theoretical analysis and experimental validation. In the theoretical analysis, the effect of Brownian motion was taken into consideration, as well as the electrothermal flow and the AC electroosmosis flow. For effective manipulation of nanoparticles using DEP, proper high electric field strength is desired to give rise to dominate DEP effect, since the higher electric field strength increases the Joule heating and the lower strength reduces the DEP force. The current results indicate that the input voltage of 16Vp-p, 150 kHz leads to effective assembly of 2 nm gold nanoparticles. Our study proved that the DEP is capable of consistently assembling gold nanoparticles down to 2 nm in diameter with micro-fabricated electrodes, which was thought to be extremely difficult in the past.
Maternal Depressive Symptoms, Mother-Child Interactions, and Children’s Executive Function

This study examined the independent and mediated associations between maternal depression symptoms (MDS), mother-child interaction, and child executive function (EF) in a prospective longitudinal sample of 1,037 children (50% boys) from predominantly low-income and rural communities. When children were 6, 15 and 24 months of age, mothers reported their level of depressive symptomatology. At 24 and 36 months of age, mother-child interactions during play were rated for warmth-sensitivity and harsh-intrusiveness, and dyadic joint attention and maternal language complexity were assessed from a book sharing activity. Children’s EF (i.e., inhibitory control, working memory, and set shifting) were assessed at ages 36 and 48 months using a battery of six tasks. Results indicated that MDS at ages 15 and 24 months were negatively associated with children’s EF at age 48 months. Additionally, harsh-intrusive mother-child interactions partially mediated this link. Although warmth-sensitivity, dyadic joint attention and maternal language complexity were all longitudinally related to EF, they did not serve as mediating mechanisms between MDS and EF. These results were obtained while controlling for multiple demographic factors, children’s earlier cognitive abilities, maternal general distress and childcare experiences. Findings from this study identify 1 mechanism through which early exposure to MDS could be related to children’s EF.
Measuring Term Informativeness in Context

Measuring term informativeness is a fundamental NLP task. Existing methods, mostly based on statistical information in corpora, do not actually measure informativeness of a term with regard to its semantic context. This paper proposes a new lightweight feature-free approach to encode term informativeness in context by leveraging web knowledge. Given a term and its context, we model contextaware term informativeness based on semantic similarity between the context and the term’s most featured context in a knowledge base, Wikipedia. We apply our method to three applications: core term extraction from snippets (text segment), scientific keywords extraction (paper), and back-of-the-book index generation (book). The performance is state-of-theart or close to it for each application, demonstrating its effectiveness and generality.
Codifiable Languages and the Parikh Matrix Mapping

We introduce a couple of families of codifiable languages and investigate properties of these families as well as interrelationships between different families. Also we develop an algorithm based on the Earley algorithm to compute the values of the inverse of the Parikh matrix mapping over a codifiable context-free language. Finally, an attributed grammar that computes the values of the Parikh matrix mapping is defined.
SPEECH EMOTION CLASSIFICATION USING SVM AND MLP ON PROSODIC AND VOICE QUALITY FEATURES

In this paper, a comparison of emotion classification undertaken by the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) Neural Network, using prosodic and voice quality features extracted from the Berlin Emotional Database, is reported. The features were extracted using PRAAT tools, while the WEKA tool was used for classification. Different parameters were set up for both SVM and MLP, which are used to obtain an optimized emotion classification. The results show that MLP overcomes SVM in overall emotion classification performance. Nevertheless, the training for SVM was much faster when compared to MLP. The overall accuracy was 76.82% for SVM and 78.69% for MLP. Sadness was the emotion most recognized by MLP, with accuracy of 89.0%, while anger was the emotion most recognized by SVM, with accuracy of 87.4%. The most confusing emotions using MLP classification were happiness and fear, while for SVM, the most confusing emotions were disgust and fear.
A New Approach for a Kinematic-Dynamic Determination of Low Satellite Orbits Based on GNSS Observations

Dedicated to my wonderful parents, my mother Soghra and my father Najib, in love and gratitude. Summary A new approach for the integrated kinematical-dynamical orbit determination of low flying satellites based on high-low GPS-SST observations is proposed. These observations are code and carrier phase measurements between a Low Earth Orbiter (LEO) and the satellites of any of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) such as GPS, GLONASS or in future GALILEO. The orbit determination in this investigation is restricted to short arcs. The orbit determination technique is characterized by the fact that the satellite's arcs are represented by a semi-analytical series, consisting of a linear combination of the boundary vectors of the satellite's arc, a linear combination of Euler and Bernoulli polynomials up to a specific upper degree and a sine series up to a properly selected upper summation index. This kind of orbit representation does not only allow to determine arbitrary functionals of the satellite's orbits, such as velocities and accelerations of the satellite, it covers also the possibility to introduce geometrical and kinematical as well as dynamical observables for the determination of the orbit parameters. Furthermore, besides a pure kinematical orbit determination it is possible to introduce dynamical force function restrictions to realize a reduced-kinematical orbit determination – or in case of restricting each free orbit parameter – a pure dynamical orbit determination. The accuracy of the orbit representation depends primarily on the quality of the GPS-SST observation accuracy, the GPS satellite configuration and the number of GPS satellites at every individual observation epoch. The orbit determination approach has been tested based on simulation data sets and with real GPS observations of the satellite CHAMP. The proposed integrated kinematical-dynamical orbit determination opens a wide field of applications such as the orbit determination of satellite formation flight configurations and its application for the Earth system research. The development of orbit determination techniques especially for the bodies of our Solar System was one of the main topics of research during the last two centuries. Famous astronomers, physicists and mathematicians such as Gauss, Legendre, Lagrange and later Poincaré contributed significantly to the development and the progress of these techniques. This was also the time when many problems of Celestial Mechanics initiated the development of new mathematical methods. Only one example, important especially for the geodetic sciences, was the development of the least squares adjustment technique by Carl Friedrich Gauss as important …
Predictors of Inpatient PTSD Treatment Noncompletion Among OEF/OIF/OND Veterans

ABSTRACT Veterans returning from Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), and Operation New Dawn (OND) display high rates of noncompletion from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment. The present study included 282 male OEF/OIF/OND veterans and examined predictors of noncompletion from inpatient evidence-based treatment (EBT) for PTSD. Logistic regression analyses identified younger age, higher military rank, less improvement in symptom reduction, less improvement in overall functioning, and greater concurrent drug use at admission as significant and unique predictors of noncompletion. Overall, these findings reveal clinically relevant predictors of noncompletion and provide information that may increase PTSD treatment completion.