Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Does “Not Left” Become “Right”? Electrophysiological Evidence for a Dynamic Conflict-Bound Negation Processing Account

Human thought and language is traditionally considered as abstract, amodal, and symbolic. However, recent theories propose that high-level human cognition is directly linked to basic, modal biological systems such as sensorimotor areas. Despite this influential representational debate very little is known regarding whether the mechanisms involved in sensorimotor control are also shared with higher-level cognitive processes, such as language comprehension. We investigated negation as a universal of human language, addressing two key questions: (a) Does negation result in a conflict-like representation? (b) Does negation trigger executive control adjustments in a similar manner as standard information processing conflicts do (e.g., Simon, Flanker)? Electrophysiological data indicated that phrases such as “not left/not right” result in initial activation of the to-be-negated information and subsequently the outcome of the negation process. More importantly, our findings also suggest that negation triggers conflict-related adjustments in information processing in line with traditional conflict tasks. Trial-by-trial conflict adaptation patterns in both behavioral and electrophysiological data indicated that negation processing dynamically changes depending on the current cognitive state. In summary, negation processing results in cognitive conflict, and dynamic influences of the cognitive state determine conflict resolution, that is, negation implementation.
Debates in the House of Representatives

Volume XIV of this widely acclaimed series takes us to the third session of Congress in December 1790, when for the first time under the new Constitution Congress took up quarters at Philadelphia. House and Senate met in cramped Congress Hall, which, in tacit comment on the fragility of the new federal government, the nearby Pennsylvania State House overshadowed. During this session Congress debated the federal courts, state militias and the U.S. military, the postal system, navigation bills, and other issues fundamental to the new order-which had already begun to raise suspicions. The Virginia delegation denounced federal assumption of state debts. Congress heatedly discussed Alexander Hamilton's proposed national bank-including whether the Constitution implied federal authority to establish one. Congress followed the secretary of the treasury in placing an excise tax on distilled spirits, a measure that soon led to open rebellion in western Pennsylvania.
Resource Allocation for Multicell Device-to-Device Communications in Cellular Network: A Game Theoretic Approach

Device-to-Device (D2D) communication has recently emerged as a promising technology to improve the capacity and coverage of cellular systems. To successfully implement D2D communications underlaying a cellular network, resource allocation for D2D links plays a critical role. While most of prior resource allocation mechanisms for D2D communications have focused on interference within a single-cell system, this paper investigates the resource allocation problem for a multicell cellular network in which a D2D link reuses available spectrum resources of multiple cells. A repeated game theoretic approach is proposed to address the problem. In this game, the base stations (BSs) act as players that compete for resource supply of D2D, and the utility of each player is formulated as revenue collected from both cellular and D2D users using resources. Extensive simulations are conducted to verify the proposed approach and the results show that it can considerably enhance the system performance in terms of sum rate and sum rate gain.
Three‐dimensionally printed polyetherketoneketone scaffolds with mesenchymal stem cells for the reconstruction of critical‐sized mandibular defects

Additive manufacturing offers a tailored approach to tissue engineering by providing anatomically precise scaffolds onto which stem cells and growth factors can be supplied. Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), an ideal candidate biomaterial, is limited by a poor implant–bone interface but can be functionalized with adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSC) to promote integration. This in vivo study examined the interaction of a three‐dimensional printed PEKK/ADSC implant within the critical‐sized mandibular defect in a rabbit model.
Optimal choice of intermediate latching to maximize throughput in VLSI circuits

In many computational tasks, especially in signal processing, it is the throughput that is important, rather than the latency, or delay. If a special-purpose VLSI chip is designed for a particular signal processing task, such as FIR filtering, for example, the maximum clock rate, and hence throughput, is determined by the depth of the combinational logic between registers and the time required for the distribution and operation of the clock. If the combinational logic is sufficiently deep (in bit-parallel circuits, for example), the throughput can be increased by inserting intermediate stages of clocked latches. This is at the expense of increased area and delay to operate and clock the intermediate registers. Roughly speaking, the strategy amounts to using more of the chip area to store information useful for pipelining. This paper investigates the optimal tradeoff between the degree of intermediate latching and cost, using the measure AP, where A is the chip area and P is the period (the reciprocal of throughput). We derive expressions for the time and area before and after intermediate latching, using the Mead-Conway model, both for the cases of on-chip and off-chip clock drivers. The results show that significant reductions in AP product (reciprocal of throughput per unit area) can be achieved by intermediate latching in many typical signal processing applications, for a wide range of circuit parameters. The array multiplier is used as an example.
Six-Year Cost Trends at PPG Industries Paralleling the Introduction of Health Promotion Programs Directed at Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

Objective: Over the past several years, PPG Industries (PPG) implemented worksite health promotion programs aimed at improving employees' health and reducing overall medical costs as well as those specific to cardiovascular disease. Methods: Using medical claims data, we examined trends in these costs among PPG employees for a 6-year period, from 2005 to 2010. Results: Overall medical costs remained relatively flat, increasing by 1.2% compounded annually, unadjusted for inflation, while inflation-adjusted costs declined by 2.9%. Comparing worksites rated “high–high” on both program implementation and leadership support with worksites scoring highly on one or none of those dimensions, the “high–high” group experienced a decreasing cost trend, whereas the “other” group showed an increase. Conclusions: The analysis suggests that PPG's efforts to reconfigure and intensify its wellness program offerings may have resulted lower health care cost trends.
Front-to-back display of BSP trees

A technique for displaying binary space partitioning (BSP) trees that is faster than the usual back-to-front display method is presented. By combining polygon scan-conversion with a dynamic screen data structure, the technique, a front-to-back approach, provides significant speedup in the display time of polygonal scenes that depend on BSP trees, especially in cases where the number of polygons is large. This speedup is confirmed by applying the technique to randomly generated triangles. <<ETX>>
An empirical performance analysis of minimal and non-minimal routing in cube-based OTIS multicomputers

In this study, the performance of virtual cut-through switching in the cube-based OTIS architecture, an optoelectronic interconnection architecture for multicomputer systems, is empirically analyzed. Deadlock-free deterministic and adaptive minimal path routing algorithms for this architecture are introduced, and the effects of different network and traffic parameters on average message latency are investigated. This analysis presents a relatively more realistic view of the OTIS architecture than that presented in previous work by considering issues related to a lower level of abstraction (the routing and switching of messages). Among other results, the analysis indicates that depending on the traffic pattern, minimal path routing in these architectures may cause extreme congestion to occur over certain channels of the network, resulting in severe performance degradation. Alternative non-minimal path routing schemes are therefore suggested and their performance compared. One of the non-minimal approaches suggested is found to be able to sustain at least half the maximum possible bandwidth under all studied traffic patterns. Yet determining a single routing algorithm that is capable of attaining the highest possible throughput for all different traffic patterns remains an open problem. A constraint-based analysis of the effect of dimensionality on performance is also conducted.
Unobserved Factor Utilization, Technology Shocks and Business Cycles

We derive a measure of technological change using firm-level panel data and controlling for imperfect competition, increasing returns and unobserved factor utilization. We show that the latter variable accounts for a relevant portion of the cyclicality of the Solow residual. Our key finding is that technological shocks result in a contraction of inputs on impact. Whilst this result is hard to reconcile with the transmission mechanism of real business cycle models, it is consistent with simple sticky-price models. Using survey information on the frequency and size of price revisions, we show that the evidence on the contractionary effects of technology shocks is indeed much stronger for firms with stickier prices.
Isolation and Characterization of a Single-Stranded DNA Virus Infecting Chaetoceros lorenzianus Grunow

ABSTRACT Diatoms are one of the most significant primary producers in the ocean, and the importance of viruses as a potential source of mortality for diatoms has recently been recognized. Thus far, eight different diatom viruses infecting the genera Rhizosolenia and Chaetoceros have been isolated and characterized to different extents. We report the isolation of a novel diatom virus (ClorDNAV), which causes the lysis of the bloom-forming species Chaetoceros lorenzianus, and show its physiological, morphological, and genomic characteristics. The free virion was estimated to be ∼34 nm in diameter. The arrangement of virus particles appearing in cross-section was basically a random aggregation in the nucleus. Occasionally, distinctive formations such as a ring-like array composed of 9 or 10 spherical virions or a centipede-like array composed of rod-shaped particles were also observed. The latent period and the burst size were estimated to be <48 h and 2.2 × 104 infectious units per host cell, respectively. ClorDNAV harbors a covalently closed circular single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genome (5,813 nucleotides [nt]) that includes a partially double-stranded DNA region (979 nt). At least three major open reading frames were identified; one showed a high similarity to putative replicase-related proteins of the other ssDNA diatom viruses, Chaetoceros salsugineum DNA virus (previously reported as CsNIV) and Chaetoceros tenuissimus DNA virus. ClorDNAV is the third member of the closed circular ssDNA diatom virus group, the genus Bacilladnavirus.
Journal of Knowledge Management Knowledge strategies for environmental innovations : the case of Italian manufacturing firms

Purpose – This paper aims at investigating the rather unexplored issue of how green innovators address the knowledge needs emerging when initiating a sustainability path, comparing their knowledge strategies with those of non-green innovators. Design/methodology/approach – The authors investigate this issue using data from the 2008 Italian Community Innovation Survey (CIS). Focusing on manufacturing firms, they identify the main characteristics and knowledge assets of firms introducing environmental innovations (EIs) as opposed to those of other innovators. Findings – The authors’ results suggest that the development of EIs entails a higher recourse to external knowledge, in the form of use of external sources of information, acquiring R&D from external firms and cooperation. Relationships with partners that do not belong to the supply chain – including KIBS, universities, research institutions and competitors – are far more important than for other innovations. On the contrary, differences between the two categories are less marked when it comes to investments in internal knowledge resources. Finally, proactive environmental innovators have very different knowledge strategies than reactive ones, which resemble non-green innovators. Originality/value – The main contribution of this paper is that it investigates the unexplored issue of how firms assess and develop the knowledge needed to develop EIs. By comparing them with the strategies of non-green innovators, the analysis performed in the paper allows understanding the peculiarities of such innovations. Furthermore, the authors contribute to the literature by verifying how knowledge management strategies vary according to the differential importance that sustainability has for the firm’s innovative strategy.
Unfamiliar faces in recognition memory: spaced learning enhances subsequent recognition memory by reducing repetition priming

Although the spacing effect is one of most robust effects in learning, its cognitive and neural mechanisms are still under investigation. Whether the spacing effect is achieved by reducing neural repetition priming or depends on learning experience is still unclear. In this event-related potential study, participants were asked to memorize 140 novel faces, half under the massed learning condition and the other half under the spaced learning condition. The afterwards recognition tests indicated that participants recognized more items under the spaced learning condition than under the massed learning condition. The electroencephalography data suggested that spaced learning was associated with a reduced familiarity effect in frontal N400. Remembered faces showed smaller repetition priming than forgotten faces under both learning conditions and spaced learning significantly reduced repetition suppression. Although no direct association was found between repetition priming and episodic memory, the difference in quantity between spaced learning and massed learning in the repetition priming can predict the different quantities in the recognition memory. These results suggest that the neural mechanism of the spacing effect is influenced by experience; however, the impact is mainly repetition priming and the spacing effect is still very robust.
Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder and Antepartum Complications: a Novel Risk Factor for Gestational Diabetes and Preeclampsia

BACKGROUND Prior work shows that Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) predicts an increased risk of preterm birth, but the causal pathway(s) are uncertain. We evaluate the associations between PTSD and antepartum complications to explore how PTSD's pathophysiology impacts pregnancy. METHODS This retrospective cohort analysis of all Veterans Health Administration (VA)-covered deliveries from 2000-12 used the data of VA clinical and administration. Mothers with current PTSD were identified using the ICD-9 diagnostic codes (i.e. code present during the antepartum year), as were those with historical PTSD. Medical and administrative data were used to identify the relevant obstetric diagnoses, demographics and health, and military deployment history. We used Poisson regression with robust error variance to derive the adjusted relative risk estimates (RR) for the association of PTSD with five clinically relevant antepartum complications [gestational diabetes (GDM), preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, growth restriction, and abruption]. Secondary outcomes included proxies for obstetric complexity (repeat hospitalisation, prolonged delivery hospitalisation, and caesarean delivery). RESULTS Of the 15 986 singleton deliveries, 2977 (19%) were in mothers with PTSD diagnoses (1880 (12%) current PTSD). Mothers with the complication GDM were 4.9% and those with preeclampsia were 4.6% of all births. After adjustment, a current PTSD diagnosis (reference = no PTSD) was associated with an increased risk of GDM (RR 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2, 1.7) and preeclampsia (RR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1, 1.6). PTSD also predicted prolonged (>4 day) delivery hospitalisation (RR 1.2, 95% CI 1.01, 1.4), and repeat hospitalisations (RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2, 1.6), but not caesarean delivery. CONCLUSIONS The observed association of PTSD with GDM and preeclampsia is consistent with our nascent understanding of PTSD as a disruptor of neuroendocrine and cardiovascular health.
Chapter 2 Exploring the Unique Characteristics of LSPR Biosensing

Plasmonic biosensors based on the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of metal nanoparticles have been developed using both nanoparticle arrays and single nanoparticles. We introduce LSPR biosensing by describing the initial experiments performed using both model systems and disease biomarkers. LSPR shift-enhancement methods, exploitation of the short electromagnetic field decay length, and single nanoparticle sensors are discussed as pathways to further exploit the strengths of LSPR biosensing. Coupling molecular identification to LSPR spectroscopy is a significant aspect of biosensing. Therefore, examples from surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry are provided. This chapter highlights examples which emphasize the unique characteristics of LSPR biosensing.
Prospects on the evolutionary mitogenomics of plants: A case study on the olive family (Oleaceae)

The mitogenome is rarely used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of plants, contrary to nuclear and plastid markers. Here, we evaluate the usefulness of mitochondrial DNA for molecular evolutionary studies in Oleaceae, in which cases of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and of potentially contrasted organelle inheritance are known. We compare the diversity and the evolution of mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes by focusing on the olive complex and related genera. Using high‐throughput techniques, we reconstructed complete mitogenomes (ca. 0.7 Mb) and plastomes (ca. 156 kb) for six olive accessions and one Chionanthus. A highly variable organization of mitogenomes was observed at the species level. In olive, two specific chimeric genes were identified in the mitogenome of lineage E3 and may be involved in CMS. Plastid‐derived regions (mtpt) were observed in all reconstructed mitogenomes. Through phylogenetic reconstruction, we demonstrate that multiple integrations of mtpt regions have occurred in Oleaceae, but mtpt regions shared by all members of the olive complex derive from a common ancestor. We then assembled 52 conserved mitochondrial gene regions and complete plastomes of ten additional accessions belonging to tribes Oleeae, Fontanesieae and Forsythieae. Phylogenetic congruence between topologies based on mitochondrial regions and plastomes suggests a strong disequilibrium linkage between both organellar genomes. Finally, while phylogenetic reconstruction based on plastomes fails to resolve the evolutionary history of maternal olive lineages in the Mediterranean area, their phylogenetic relationships were successfully resolved with complete mitogenomes. Overall, our study demonstrates the great potential of using mitochondrial DNA in plant phylogeographic and metagenomic studies.
Political Capacity and Economic Behavior

* Introduction Marina Arbetman and Jacek Kugler. The Concept Of Political Capacity * Relative Political Capacity: Political Extraction and Political Reach J. Kugler and M. Arbetman. * Theoretical Link of Political Capacity to Development A.F. K. Organski. Economic Applications * Political Capacity and Economic Determinants of Inflation Fahim Al-Marhubi. * Political Capacity and the Use of Seigniorage Lorena Alcazar. * Political Capacity and Private Investment Yi Feng and Baizhu Chen. * Political Capacity and Economic Growth David A. Leblang. * Political Capacity, Macroeconomic Factors, and Capital Flows Slamet Seno Adji, Y. S. Ahn, Cheryl M. Holsey, and Thomas D. Willett. * Political Capacity and Black Market Premiums M. Arbetman and Dipak Ghosh. Political Applications * Political Capacity and Government Resource Transfers Daniel E. Ponder. * Political Capacity and Demographic Change M. Arbetman, J. Kugler, and A.F. K. Organski. * Political Capacity and Violence J. Kugler, Michelle Benson, Andy Hira, and Dimitry Panasevich. * Political Capacity, Growth, and Distributive Commitments Lewis W. Snider. Extending Political Capacity * Political Capacity and the Economic Frontier John H.Y. Edwards. * New Estimates of Political Capacity C. M. Holsey and Ling Cao. * Alternative Approaches to Estimating Political Capacity T. D. Willett. * The Unfinished Agenda J. Kugler and M. Arbetman.
Motivations for prescription drug misuse among young adults: Considering social and developmental contexts

Abstract Aims: This study aimed to explore motivations for prescription drug (i.e. prescription pain killers, stimulants and sedatives) misuse among young adults active in urban nightlife scenes in New York City. Prior research has established “recreation” and “self-medication” as the primary motivations among this age group, but, as prescription drug misuse continues to be a major public health concern in the US and rates of misuse are highest among young adults, a more nuanced analysis is necessary for developing meaningful interventions. As part of a larger study on prescription drug misuse among young adults active in urban nightlife scenes, we examined participants’ motivations for misuse. Prescription painkillers, stimulants and sedatives were the primary substances of interest. Methods: Participants were recruited from nightlife venues in New York using time-space sampling. Subjects completed a mixed-methods assessment at project research offices. The data presented here are from a subsample of 70 qualitative interviews conducted during the baseline assessment. Findings: We identified experimentation and a “work hard, play hard” ethos as key motivations for misusing prescription drugs and argue that these motivations are specific, though not necessarily unique, to the participants’ social location as young adults. These findings highlight the role of life stage and social context in the misuse of prescription drugs. Conclusion: Future studies of prescription drug misuse should pay attention to the larger social contexts in which users are embedded and, therefore, make decisions about how and why to misuse. Moving beyond the very broad concepts of “recreation” and “self-medication” presently established in the research, policies targeting young adults should include educational components focused on denormalising prescription drugs, and interventions should be tailored to transitional contexts and the associated motivations those contexts foster.
The Anatomy of a Teachable Moment: Implications for Teacher Educators

A university professor observes the use of a Native American stereotype by a cooperating teacher in an elementary art classroom while supervising a preservice teacher. She identifies ways that the teacher’s words potentially harmed her students and reflects on her own role. This “teachable moment” is described, and characteristics of institutionalized racism and white dominance are examined as a foundation for racist insensitivities in the classroom. The professor calls for preservice teachers to be prepared in their teacher education programs to be culturally responsive. She draws on a study of preservice teachers mentoring minority children to demonstrate how change can begin with restructuring teacher education pedagogy to embrace multiculturalism (Adams, Bondy, & Kuhel, (2005). Implications include practices that help educators identify assumptions about race and socio-cultural difference and overcome learned stereotypes.