Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
elrm: Software Implementing Exact-Like Inference for Logistic Regression Models

Exact inference is based on the conditional distribution of the sufficient statistics for the parameters of interest given the observed values for the remaining sufficient statistics. Exact inference for logistic regression can be problematic when data sets are large and the support of the conditional distribution cannot be represented in memory. Additionally, these methods are not widely implemented except in commercial software packages such as LogXact and SAS. Therefore, we have developed elrm, software for R implementing (approximate) exact inference for binomial regression models from large data sets. We provide a description of the underlying statistical methods and illustrate the use of elrm with examples. We also evaluate elrm by comparing results with those obtained using other methods.
Anti-reflective boundary conditions and re-blurring

Anti-reflective boundary conditions have been introduced recently in connection with fast de-blurring algorithms: in the noise-free case, it has been shown that they reduce substantially artefacts called ringing effects with respect to other classical choices (zero Dirichlet, periodic, Neumann) and lead to algorithms costing O(ndlog(n)) arithmetic operations where nd is the size of the signal if d = 1 or of the image if d = 2. Here we limit our analysis to the case of signals i.e. d = 1. More precisely, our study considers the role of the noise and how to connect the choice of appropriate boundary conditions with classical regularization schemes. It turns out that a successful approach is close to the Tikhonov technique: we call it re-blurring where the normal equations product ATA is replaced by A2 with A being the blurring operator. A wide numerical experimentation confirms the effectiveness of the proposed idea.
Income precarity and child and parent weight change during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional analysis of the Ontario Parent Survey

Objectives To describe child and parent weight change during the pandemic, overall and by income precarity. Design A cross-sectional online survey was conducted. Setting Caregivers of children 0–17 years of age living in Ontario, Canada, during the COVID-19 pandemic from May 2021 to July 2021. Participants A convenience sample of parents (n=9099) with children (n=9667) living in Ontario were identified through crowdsourcing. Primary outcome measure Parents recalled, for themselves and their child, whether they lost weight, gained weight or remained the same over the past year. OR and 95% CI were estimated using multinomial logistic regression for the association between income precarity variables and weight loss or gain, adjusted for age, gender and ethnicity. Results Overall, 5.5% of children lost weight and 20.2% gained weight. Among adolescents, 11.1% lost weight and 27.1% gained weight. For parents, 17.1% reported weight loss and 57.7% reported weight gain. Parent weight change was strongly associated with child weight change. Income precarity measures, including job loss by both parents (OR=7.81, 95% CI 5.16 to 11.83) and disruption to household food supply (OR=6.05, 95% CI 4.77 to 7.68), were strongly associated with child weight loss. Similarly, job loss by both parents (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.37 to 3.03) and disruption to household food supply (OR=2.99, 95% CI 2.52 to 3.54) were associated with child weight gain. Conclusions Weight changes during the COVID-19 pandemic were widespread and income precarity was strongly associated with weight loss and weight gain in children and parents. Further research is needed to investigate the health outcomes related to weight change during the pandemic, especially for youth, and the impacts of income precarity.
Linear Identification Of Linear Rational-Expectations Models By Exogenous Variables Reconciles Lucas And Sims

Linear rational-expectations models (LREMs) are conventionally "forwardly" estimated as follows. Structural coefficients are restricted by economic restrictions in terms of deep parameters. For given deep parameters, structural equations are solved for "rational-expectations solution" (RES) equations that determine endogenous variables. For given vector autoregressive (VAR) equations that determine exogenous variables, RES equations reduce to reduced-form VAR equations for endogenous variables with exogenous variables (VARX). The combined endogenous-VARX and exogenous-VAR equations comprise the reduced-form overall VAR (OVAR) equations of all variables in a LREM. The sequence of specified, solved, and combined equations defines a mapping from deep parameters to OVAR coefficients that is used to forwardly estimate a LREM in terms of deep parameters. Forwardly-estimated deep parameters determine forwardly-estimated RES equations that Lucas (1976) advocated for making policy predictions in his critique of policy predictions made with reduced-form equations.
Ion abundances and implications for photochemistry in Comets Halley (1986 III) and Bradfield (1987 XXIX)

Spectra of the plasma tails of comets P/Halley (1986 III) and P/Bradfield (1987 XXIX, also 1987s) were recorded using the Ohio State University Image Dissector Scanner (IDS) on the Perkins 1.8 m telescope at the Lowell Observatory. The ionic species CO+, N2+, CH+, and H2O+ were identified in these spectra and column densities for them were calcd. from measured fluxes. The obsd. abundance ratios of CO+/H2O+ in comets Halley and Bradfield are consistent with predictions by photochem. models, provided that CO+ and H2O+ are produced primarily from photoionization of CO and H2O, resp. However, the obsd. N2+/H2O+ ratios are at least an order of magnitude lower and the obsd. CH+/H2O+ ratios are a factor of 100 higher, than theor. results. The abundance ratio N2/CO was derived in the plasma tail of Bradfield from N2+ and CO+ data, and found to be an order of magnitude higher than a value measured in Halley. The relative ion abundances of CH+, N2+, and H2O+ in Halley are consistent with in situ measurements obtained from the Giotto spacecraft. Fluorescence efficiencies have been recalcd. for optical transitions of N2+, CH+, NH, CH, OH+, and CO and are also presented. [on SciFinder(R)]
Three-dimensional micro-printing of temperature sensors based on up-conversion luminescence

The pronounced temperature dependence of up-conversion luminescence from nanoparticles doped with rare-earth elements enables local temperature measurements. By mixing these nanoparticles into a commercially available photoresist containing the low-fluorescence photo-initiator Irgacure 369, and by using three-dimensional direct laser writing, we show that micrometer sized local temperature sensors can be positioned lithographically as desired. Positioning is possible in pre-structured environments, e.g., within buried microfluidic channels or on optical or electronic chips. We use the latter as an example and demonstrate the measurement for both free space and waveguide-coupled excitation and detection. For the free space setting, we achieve a temperature standard deviation of 0.5 K at a time resolution of 1 s.
Transfer function method of measuring acoustic intensity in a duct system with flow

A new method of measuring the acoustic intensity of plane waves in a duct with flow is described. In this method, the acoustic transfer function between two locations in the duct is used to determine the acoustic intensity. In the case of no flow, the transfer‐function formulation reduces to a cross‐spectral relation similar to the relation used to measure acoustic intensity in three dimensions. In contrast to the relation in three dimensions, however, the cross‐spectral formulation for a duct is not limited in accuracy by the microphone spacing. The new method has been verified experimentally with a series of laboratory tests. Test results obtained by the transfer function method reveal that the net acoustic power transmitted along the pipe increases as the Mach number increases. The acoustic power radiated from the pipe opening, however, remains unchanged with increasing Mach number. This difference between the transmitted and the radiated power appears to be due to sound absorption caused by vorticity .
Sensor Based Algorithm for Self-Navigating Robot Using Internet of Things (IoT)

Abstract— The purpose of this paper is to show the design technique and programming of an autonomous robot prototype that can go to a predetermined location and return to its starting place utilizing the Global Positioning System (GPS). An HD camera along with an ultrasonic sensor and two IR sensors is used to provide necessary data from the real world to the robot to avoid obstructions, by following GPS Waypoints. A smart algorithm was introduced for path planning and re-planning. The robot can modify its direction using a digital compass reading and input from sensors by computing the heading angle from the current GPS point. This self-navigation mobile robot's accuracy was evaluated in several locations and is quantified in terms of heading angle and path length from the starting point to the goal point.
Multiscale modeling for gas flow in pipe networks

We consider a multiscale network of natural gas pipelines. Different arcs of the network are to be modeled by possibly different models depending on the requisite qualitative detail required: an isothermal Euler system of equations; linearized model derived from the isothermal Euler system or a steady‐state model of gas flow also referred to as an algebraic model. At the vertices (or joints) of the network coupling conditions are defined. An analysis of the well posedness of the hierarchial coupling conditions is presented. The analytical results are tested numerically on different network configurations including a real‐world network based on the Canadian mainline gas network. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High yield production of lipid and carotenoids in a newly isolated Rhodotorula mucilaginosa by adapting process optimization approach

Abstract Rhodotorula sp. is a robust microbe, which can synthesize a wide range of products such as lipids and carotenoids. In the present study, we have attempted to enhance the production of lipids and carotenoids from a newly isolated Rhodotorula mucilaginosa using a process optimization approach. Among the carbon source screened, glucose showed enhanced lipid and carotenoid production of 46.19% (w/w) and 36.2 mg/g, respectively. The low C/N has influenced lipid production by 43.5% and the high C/N ratio favored carotenoid production (41.06 µg/g). The sodium acetate with 1.5% (w/v) concentration showed a lipid content of 48.28% and carotenoid of 41.16 mg/g. Further with the optimum levels of RPM (180), pH (6), and temperature (30 °C), the maximum lipid and carotenoid were found to be 51.89%, and 43.34 µg/g, respectively. In a batch bioreactor, MSM medium with sodium acetate showed a maximum lipid content of 54%. The lipid and carotenoid were successfully characterized by laser Raman spectroscopy, a label-free method and the FAME analysis clearly showed the high content of palmitic acid (C16:0) 21.05 (% w/w), oleic acid (C18:1) 56.18 (%w/w) and linoleic acid (C18:2) 12.25 (% w/w), which is suitable for biodiesel preparation. Graphical Abstract Highlights The process parameters were fine-tuned using PCA to get maximum lipid and carotenoid yield. Low C/N ratio elevated lipid content while a high C/N ratio induced carotenoids. Batch bioreactor using sodium acetate resulted in 54% of lipid content. Simultaneous estimation of lipid and carotenoid was done using Raman laser spectroscopy The lipid profiling using FAME showed excellent biodiesel characteristics.
Virgo dwarfs: new light on faint galaxies

Description d'un echantillon de galaxies de l'amas Virgo selectionne par une technique d'amplification photographique a partir de plaques de Schmidt. La combinaison d'observations photometriques CCD a n couleurs et d'observations radio a 21 cm permet de discuter l'âge, le contenu stellaire, la fonction de luminosite et les differentes proprietes de structure de ces galaxies
A Novel 3-D Half-Mode SICC Resonator for Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Applications

In this paper, a new kind of 3D resonators based on half mode substrate integrated circular cavity (HSICC) is proposed. The HSICC resonator has low loss and can be easily integrated into low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) and multilayer PCB circuits. What's more, it can reduce nearly half the size of the normal SICC resonator. Three traditional topologies of feeding structures used for X-band HSICC resonators are investigated and compared respectively. Simulation results of these resonators with different feeding structures (slot excitation with shorting via, slot excitation with λ/4 open stub and probe excitation) are used here to prove the feasibility of this novel resonator.
Thermally assisted magnetic recording on flux-detectable RE-TM media

We studied a thermally assisted magnetic recording on flux-detectable RE-TM media. This recording scheme has a close affinity with near-field optics such as solid immersion lens (SIL) optics and scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM)-type optics. The requirements for high-density thermo-magnetic recording and a novel near-field optical head were discussed.
A digital panorama mapping system with soft-IMU technology: experience with a Chinese low-cost mobile mapping system

Mobile mapping systems (MMSs) provide capability for direct geo-referencing, and rapid and convenient acquisition of geographic data elements. Combining global positioning system/inertial measurement unit/distance measurement indicator (GPS/IMU/DMI) data is one of the most attractive methodologies for such systems. Inertial measurement unit data give attitude information, but the equipment is expensive and faces technological blockade by foreign companies. To overcome this limitation, the current paper explores a soft-IMU technique based on panorama vision, which can acquire more information from the environment because of its wide instantaneous field of view (IFOV) compared with traditional cameras. The proposed soft-IMU technology automatically extracts and tracks image registration points (IRPs) in panorama data, and corrects paths using correction points. The development history of the mobile mapping system, the software and hardware configuration of our prototype digital panorama mapping DPM™ products, the system calibration model principle and object measurement are described. Finally, it is demonstrated that the system precision meets the demands of daily data acquisition in field experimental studies.
Focus and alignment using out-of-focus stellar images at the Dark Energy Camera

The focus and alignment system of the prime focus Dark Energy Camera (DECam), for the Dark Energy Survey at the CTIO 4 meter Blanco telescope, is described. DECam includes eight 2K by 2K CCDs placed 1.5mm extra- and intra-focally for active control of focus and alignment, as well as for wavefront measurement. We describe an algorithm for out-of-focus star (donut) image analysis and present results on the use of donuts for focus and alignment. Results will be presented for both simulated DECam images and for images taken at the Blanco 4 meter with the current MosaicII camera.
Competitive adsorption of alkali metal ions onto Prussian blue

Prussian blue (PB) is an effective adsorbent for separating Cs + . However, the competitive adsorp- tion behavior of alkali metal ions onto PB was unknown, and the Cs + adsorption mechanism of the PB was controversial. In this work, the adsorption behaviors of alkali metal ions onto prepared PB were investigated in single-element and multi-element solutions. The equilibrium adsorption capacity was in the sequence of Cs + > Rb + > Na + , while Li + and K + were not adsorbed. Kinetic curves of Na + , Rb + and Cs + were all better fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The adsorption isotherms data of Rb + and Cs + agreed with the Freundlich model while Na + followed the Langmuir model. It was found that the mechanism for the adsorption of M + (Na + , Rb + and Cs + ) onto PB was H + -exchange and K + -exchange according to ∆ C (M + ) = ∆ C (K + ) + ∆ C (H + ).
The association between iron deficiency and outcomes: a secondary analysis of the intravenous iron therapy to treat iron deficiency anaemia in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery (PREVENTT) trial

In the intravenous iron therapy to treat iron deficiency anaemia in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery (PREVENTT) trial, the use of intravenous iron did not reduce the need for blood transfusion or reduce patient complications or length of hospital stay. As part of the trial protocol, serum was collected at randomisation and on the day of surgery. These samples were analysed in a central laboratory for markers of iron deficiency. We performed a secondary analysis to explore the potential interactions between pre‐operative markers of iron deficiency and intervention status on the trial outcome measures. Absolute iron deficiency was defined as ferritin <30 μg.l−1; functional iron deficiency as ferritin 30–100 μg.l−1 or transferrin saturation < 20%; and the remainder as non‐iron deficient. Interactions were estimated using generalised linear models that included different subgroup indicators of baseline iron status. Co‐primary endpoints were blood transfusion or death and number of blood transfusions, from randomisation to 30 days postoperatively. Secondary endpoints included peri‐operative change in haemoglobin, postoperative complications and length of hospital stay. Most patients had iron deficiency (369/452 [82%]) at randomisation; one‐third had absolute iron deficiency (144/452 [32%]) and half had functional iron deficiency (225/452 [50%]). The change in pre‐operative haemoglobin with intravenous iron compared with placebo was greatest in patients with absolute iron deficiency, mean difference 8.9 g.l−1, 95%CI 5.3–12.5; moderate in functional iron deficiency, mean difference 2.8 g.l−1, 95%CI −0.1 to 5.7; and with little change seen in those patients who were non‐iron deficient. Subgroup analyses did not suggest that intravenous iron compared with placebo reduced the likelihood of death or blood transfusion at 30 days differentially across subgroups according to baseline ferritin (p = 0.33 for interaction), transferrin saturation (p = 0.13) or in combination (p = 0.45), or for the number of blood transfusions (p = 0.06, 0.29, and 0.39, respectively). There was no beneficial effect of the use of intravenous iron compared with placebo, regardless of the metrics to diagnose iron deficiency, on postoperative complications or length of hospital stay.
Relationship of the aerosol condensation activity with concentration of particles in the nanometer size range

When studying the condensation growth of atmospheric aerosol, many researchers note the dependence of hygroscopic properties on the particle size. In this work we consider the relationship between the parameter of condensation activity and the parameters of particle size distribution in the nanometer range on the example of test measurements. Due to the small amount of data, the results are preliminary.
SHAPE FROM POLARIZATION FOR FEATURELESS AND SPECULAR OBJECTS

Abstract. Objects with textureless and specular surfaces are commonplace in manmade environments. Their reconstruction challenges optical 3-D metrology methods typically yielding incomplete and noisy results. Existing solutions, including structured light, shape from shading, and learning-based specular removal methods, place a high demand on projection patterns, the number of light sources and cameras, or training data. While requiring elaborate setups, these solutions are not general enough, and their success in handling these surfaces is only partial. To address this reconstruction challenge, we study in this paper the application of shape from polarization for the 3-D reconstruction of textureless objects. Using a single view and a known light source, polarization-based constraints can be expressed as a set of linear equations for the unknown depth. We then estimate depth directly as an optimization problem constrained by the linear polarization equations. Results demonstrate complete and accurate 3-D reconstructions of typical glossy featureless objects, suggesting that shape from polarization is a valuable strategy for generating dense 3-D surface models.
Retention mechanisms and binding states of deuterium implanted into beryllium

The retention of 1 keV D+ ions implanted into clean and oxidized single crystalline Be at room and elevated temperatures is investigated by a combination of in situ analytical techniques including temperature programmed desorption (TPD), nuclear reaction analysis, low-energy ion spectroscopy (LEIS) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For the first time, the whole temperature regime for deuterium release and the influence of thin oxide films on the release processes are clarified. The cleaned and annealed Be sample has residual oxygen concentration equivalent to 0.2 monolayer (ML) BeO in the near-surface region as the only contamination. LEIS shows that Be from the volume covers thin BeO surface layers above an annealing temperature of 1000 K by segregation, forming a pure Be-terminated surface, which is stable at lower temperatures until again oxidized by residual gas. No deuterium is retained in the sample above 950 K. By analyzing TPD spectra, active retention mechanisms and six energetically different binding states are identified. Activation energies (EA) for the release of D from binding states in Be are obtained by modelling the experimental data. Two ion-induced trap sites with release temperatures between 770 and 840 K (EA= 1.88 and 2.05 eV, respectively) and two trap sites (release between 440 and 470 K) due to supersaturation of the bulk above the steady state fluence of 2×1017 cm-2 are identified. None of the release steps shows a surface recombination limit. A thin BeO surface layer introduces an additional binding state with a release temperature of 680 K. Implantation at elevated temperatures (up to 530 K) changes the retention mechanism above the saturation limit and populates a binding state with a release temperature of 570 K.
Validation of the Slovene Functions of Identity Scale with a sample of emerging adults

The Function of Identity Scale (FIS) is a self-report measure of five identity functions: structure, harmony, goals, control, and future. The purpose of the study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Slovenian version on a sample of emerging adults. 287 participants between the ages of 18 and 29 years participated in the study. Confirmatory factor analysis provided support for the proposed five-factor structure of the scale. Furthermore, strict measurement invariance across genders was demonstrated. Convergent validity was only partially established. With the exception of the Control subscale, the internal reliability coefficients were satisfactory for the other four subscales. Shortcomings of the Control subscale were discussed along with recommendations for future revisions. Overall, the results of the study are consistent with those observed in other validation studies and support the usefulness of the scale for assessing the identity functions among emerging adults.
Generation of time-bin-encoded photons in an ion-cavity system

We investigate two single-photon generation schemes and compare their suitability for use in time-bin entanglement encoding. A trapped ion coupled to an optical cavity produces single photons through a cavity-assisted Raman transition. By manipulating the phase relationship between time-bins of successive photons, distinct features in the interference pattern of a Hong–Ou–Mandel measurement emerge. Through careful selection of the initial state, detrimental effects of spontaneous emission can be significantly reduced. We demonstrate that this reduction allows us to impart a measurable phase profile onto the emitted photons making time-bin entanglement encoding feasible with an ion-cavity system.