Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbohydrates as antigenic determinants of glycoproteins.

Antibodies are being used increasingly as reagents in biochemical and biological studies of glycoproteins, for example, in the search for glycoproteins with important roles in embryonic development, cell differentiation and oncogenesis, and as a means of monitoring the biosynthesis and subcellular location of specific glycoproteins such as enzymes and receptors. Crucial for the proper application of antibodies in such experiments is knowledge of the determinants they recognize. A glycoprotein may contain many antigenic determinants, each consisting ofup to seven monosaccharides or amino acids in consecutive sequence (Kabat, 1976) or, in the case of polypeptides, in non-continuous sequence brought together by chain folding (Lerner, 1984; Walter, 1986). Unravelling the specificities contained in conventional (polyclonal) antisera raised against glycoproteins often presents problems due to the mixture of antibodies present with different combining specificities. It is often difficult to distinguish specificities directed against peptide determinants from those directed against carbohydrate structures on a glycoprotein. Monoclonal antibodies have the advantage in this respect since each is a single antibody population with a narrow specificity. As a result ofwork with naturally-occurring monoclonal autoantibodies and the widespread use of hybridomaderived antibodies, there has been an increased awareness of carbohydrates as antigenic determinants of glycoproteins, since it has become apparent that many differentiation antigens ofnormal and neoplastic cells are oligosaccharide determinants of glycoproteins and glycolipids rather than peptide determinants (Feizi, 1985, 1987; Hakomori, 1985). Thus, carbohydrate antigens which were previously the interest of specialist immunochemists are now of wide relevance to both biochemists and cell biologists. We do not intend here to make an exhaustive review of antigens found to date on glycoprotein oligosaccharides; rather we shall discuss some examples of whole cells (haematopoietic and embryonic) and specific glycoproteins (a receptor and a glycosyltransferase) where carbohydrate structures have been found to be major antigenic determinants. We shall also discuss approaches to the study of antigenicity (reactivity with antibodies) and immunogenicity (ability to elicit antibodies) of the oligosaccharides of glycoproteins and the opportunities now available for exploiting antibodies with defined carbohydrate specificities as probes of the structure, tissue distribution and function of glycoprotein oligosaccharides. We also include in this article a hypothesis which considers the biological relevance and possible inter-relationships of three areas of knowledge: (a) the occurrence of the same carbohydrate antigens/structures on diverse and unrelated glycoproteins, (b) marked
The place of patient satisfaction in quality assessment of lung cancer thoracic surgery.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To compare the quality of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) surgical care with patient satisfaction. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Academic hospital departments of thoracic oncology and surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients presenting with recently diagnosed NSCLC and eligible for front-line thoracic surgery were eligible. Patient satisfaction was assessed using the Questionnaire of Satisfaction of Hospitalized Patients. Quality of surgical care was evaluated using an original score built accordingly to British Thoracic Society guidelines. Univariate analysis used parametric (Pearson correlation, t test) and nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney U test) according to test conditions. Probability of survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Seventy patients (mean age, 63.7 years) were included. Lobectomy was performed in 62 cases, and pneumonectomy was performed in 8 cases. In all, 28 patients had a postoperative complication. One-year survival rates for patients with stage I-II and stage IIIA NSCLC were 84% and 58%, respectively. Mean patient satisfaction was 78 +/- 13/100 and 69 +/- 13/100 for global staff and structure index, respectively (+/- SD). Mean score for quality of surgical care was 88.7/100 (range, 51 to 100). The absence of postoperative complication was significantly related to a high level of satisfaction regarding the structure (r = 0.30, p < 0.05). Other features of patient satisfaction did not show a significant correlation with the quality of the preoperative selection process or the surgical procedure itself (r < 0.20). CONCLUSIONS Considering the lack of significant correlation, the present study does not support a shortcut between quality of care and patient satisfaction. Nonetheless, patient satisfaction should be integrated into rather than substituted for the quality of health-care assessment, which also needs further development.
Learning Coordinate Gradients with Multi-Task Kernels

Coordinate gradient learning is motivated by the problem of variable selection and determining variable covariation. In this paper we propose a novel unifying framework for coordinate gradient learning (MGL) from the perspective of multi-task learning. Our approach relies on multi-task kernels to simulate the structure of gradient learning. This has several appealing properties. Firstly, it allows us to introduce a novel algorithm which appropriately captures the inherent structure of coordinate gradient learning. Secondly, this approach gives rise to a clear algorithmic process: a computational optimization algorithm which is memory and time efficient. Finally, a statistical error analysis ensures convergence of the estimated function and its gradient to the true function and true gradient. We report some preliminary experiments to validate MGL for variable selection as well as determining variable covariation.
Hepatitis B virus genotypes: Do they play a role in the outcome of HBV infection?

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been classified into 8 genotypes (A-H) based on an intergroup divergence of 8% or more in the complete nucleotide sequence.1,2 Figure 1 illustrates the geographic distribution of HBV genotypes, but existing information is incomplete, as data in many parts of the world are not available or are based on very small numbers of patients studied. Additionally, the distribution of HBV genotypes may vary with time and with population migration, as demonstrated in a recent study in the United States.3 Furthermore, subtypes have now been identified within some genotypes. In the 2.5 years since our last editorial,1 there has been an explosion of knowledge in the literature on the epidemiology of HBV genotypes, and their association with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion, activity of liver disease, and treatment response.
A preliminary study for development of an inactivated Chuzan virus vaccine.

A preliminaly study for development of an inactivated vaccine for Chuzan virus was performed. The best propagation of the virus was observed in BHK21 cell cultures. The culture fluid after treatment with formalin had good immunogenicity in cattle and guinea pigs. Immunized calves did not develop leukopenia and viremia, which were observed in a control calf, after challenge inoculation.
Influence of Handling Conditions on the Establishment and Propagation of Head and Neck Cancer Patient Derived Xenografts

Background Patient derived xenografts (PDXs) for head and neck cancer (HNC) and other cancers represent powerful research platforms. Most groups implant patient tissue into immunodeficient mice immediately although the significance of this time interval is anecdotal. We tested the hypothesis that the time from tumor excision to implantation is crucial for PDX passaging and establishment. Methods We examined whether time or storage medium affected PDX viability for passaging two established HNC PDXs (UW-SCC34, UW-SCC52). Tumors were harvested, stored in ice-cold media or saline for 0–48 hours, and implanted into new mice. Tumor growth was compared by two-way ANOVA with respect to time and storage condition. Three new HNC PDXs (UW-SCC63-65) were generated by implanting patient tissue into mice immediately (Time 0) and 24 hours after receiving tissue from the operating room. Results Similar quantities of tumor were implanted into each mouse. At the end of the experiment, no significant difference was seen in mean tumor weight between the media and saline storage conditions for UW-SCC34 or UW-SCC52 (p = 0.650 and p = 0.177, respectively). No difference in tumor formation prevalence was seen on the basis of time from harvest to implantation (≥13 of 16 tumors grew at every time point). Histological analysis showed strong similarity to the initial tumor across all groups. Tumors developed at both Time 0 and 24 hours for UW-SCC63 and UW-SCC64. Conclusions We demonstrated that neither storage medium nor time from tumor excision to implantation (up to 48 hours) affected viability or histological differentiation in a subsequent passage for two HNC PDXs. Moreover, we revealed that fresh patient tissue is viable up to 24 hours post-resection. This information is important as it applies to the development and sharing of PDXs.
Dynamical Localization of Gravity

We show that the thin wall limit of the thick domain wall associated with a sine-Gordon soliton in a single non-compactified patch of 5-dimensional spacetime explicitly yields the Randall-Sundrum localized gravity two patch brane, with its discrete Z2 symmetry arising from the discrete symmetry of the potential, and with the thin Minkowski brane �5 +� 2 � 2 /6 = 0 relation between bulk and brane cosmological constants arising naturally without any need for fine tuning. Additionally we show that for an embedded thin de Sitter brane, localization of gravity is again possible provided the 5-space is compactified, with the now non-zero net cosmological constant �5 +� 2� 2 /6 on the brane being found to vary inversely with the compactification radius.
Negotiating in an Anarchy: Faculty Collective Bargaining and Organizational Cognition. ASHE Annual Meeting Paper.

Symbolic and cognitive organizational perspectives were used to analyze a case study of a complete academic bargaining cycle. The researcher, as participant-observer, had access to all bargaining sessions and to both union and administration caucuses. Although bargaining is often considered a rational process, this case illuminated the processes and outcomes of negotiation under conditions of loose coupling and bounded rationality. Negotiations showed the three major characteristics of organized anarchies, and had outcomes more symbolic than instrumental. People bargained to get what they wanted, but also bargained so that they wanted what they got; attitudes followed as well as preceded behavior, and although the bargaining was in part goal-directed, goals were also bargain-directed. Bargaining did not affect institutional operations, but it did help participants arrive at more consistent interpretations of institutional life. Includes 17 references.
USING ORGANIZATION THEORY FOR INTER-ORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH

This paper considers inter-organizational systems (IOSs) as links between organizations and their environment. The organization theory literature is reviewed to address the organizationenvironment interaction, and the three views of IOS environments are put forward: the deterministic model; the proactive model; and the information model. Each model is based on different assumptions about the role that an IOS can play in dealing with the environment. These three models are used to develop different propositions about the characteristics of environments suitable for IOSs. In addition, research propositions are developed along two other broad research questions: the organizational impact of IOSs, and the success factors for establishing IOSs. Although the resulting propositions are not intended to be an exhaustive test, they reflect how the findings in the literature can contribute to IOS thinking. This paper attempts to fill a theoretical void in the inter-organizational systems (IOS) literature by using organizational theory as a reference discipline. Since its main contribution is in the area of hypothesis generation, it should be viewed as a first step in IOS theory development. * Professor, Information Systems, IESE Caveat: This paper is based on research that I did in 1986 when I was in the doctoral program at the Harvard Business School. Therefore, the review of the organization theory literature does not account for work that has been carried out in recent years.
Structural colouration of mammalian skin: convergent evolution of coherently scattering dermal collagen arrays

SUMMARY For more than a century, the blue structural colours of mammalian skin have been hypothesized to be produced by incoherent, Rayleigh or Tyndall scattering. We investigated the colour, anatomy, nanostructure and biophysics of structurally coloured skin from two species of primates – mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) and vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) – and two species of marsupials – mouse opossum (Marmosa mexicana) and wooly opossum (Caluromys derbianus). We used two-dimensional (2-D) Fourier analysis of transmission electron micrographs (TEMs) of the collagen arrays in the primate tissues to test whether these structural colours are produced by incoherent or coherent scattering (i.e. constructive interference). The structural colours in Mandrillus rump and facial skin and Cercopithecus scrotum are produced by coherent scattering by quasi-ordered arrays of parallel dermal collagen fibres. The 2-D Fourier power spectra of the collagen arrays from Mandrillus and Cercopithecus reveal ring-shaped distributions of Fourier power at intermediate spatial frequencies, demonstrating a substantial nanostructure of the appropriate spatial frequency to produce the observed blue hues by coherent scattering alone. The Fourier power spectra and the observed reflectance spectra falsify assumptions and predictions of the incoherent, Rayleigh scattering hypothesis. Samples of blue Marmosa and Caluromys scrotum conform generally to the anatomy seen in Mandrillus and Cercopithecus but were not sufficiently well preserved to conduct numerical analyses. Colour-producing collagen arrays in mammals have evolved multiple times independently within the two clades of mammals known to have trichromatic colour vision. Mammalian colour-producing collagen arrays are anatomically and mechanistically identical to structures that have evolved convergently in the dermis of many lineages of birds, the tapetum of some mammals and the cornea of some fishes. These collagen arrays constitute quasi-ordered 2-D photonic crystals.
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Functional Approach to Assessment and Treatment

Although numerous terms have been used to describe Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) during the past several decades, it has continued to be conceptualized from a biological or neurological perspective. Consequently, much research has accumulated investigating possible biological and neurological causes, developing better diagnostic criteria, and accumulating medication protocols. Despite voluminous amounts of research, little consensus has been reached as to the best way to define and diagnose ADHD. Consequently, it becomes difficult to generate and test hypotheses related to the etiology, characteristics, and treatment of this disorder. One problem relates to how ADHD is conceptualized. In approaching ADHD as a psychiatric condition, assessment usually focuses on improving diagnostic precision. Similarly, most treatment research has dealt with the use of psychopharmacological agents, such as Ritalin. Yet, there are many ways to conceptualize “disorders. ” We begin this article by suggesting that ADHD has become reified as a result of social and cultural factors. We present an alternative conceptualization based on a functional approach to the assessment and treatment of ADHD. Based on this functional approach, we present a model for classifying performance problems that can be used to guide the selection of appropriate intervention techniques.
Estimating spatial covariance using penalised likelihood with weighted L 1 penalty

In spatial statistics, the estimation of covariance matrices is of great importance because of its role in spatial prediction and design. In this paper, we propose a penalised likelihood approach with weighted L 1 regularisation to estimate the covariance matrix for spatial Gaussian Markov random field models with unspecified neighbourhood structures. A new algorithm for ordering spatial points is proposed such that the corresponding precision matrix can be estimated more effectively. Furthermore, we develop an efficient algorithm to minimise the penalised likelihood via a novel usage of the regularised solution path algorithm, which does not require the use of iterative algorithms. By exploiting the sparsity structure in the precision matrix, we show that the LASSO type of approach gives improved covariance estimators measured by several criteria. Asymptotic properties of our proposed estimator are derived. Both our simulated examples and an application to the rainfall data set show that the proposed method performs competitively.
A deterministic frequency-domain model for the indoor power line transfer function

The characterization of the transfer function of the power line (PL) channel is a nontrivial task that requires a truly interdisciplinary approach. Until recently, a common attribute and limitation of existing models for the PL channel transfer function lay in the phenomenological or statistical approach usually followed. This approach allows one to describe the channel only partially, e.g., as dominated by multipath-like effects, and prevents one from unveiling special properties of it. Multiconductor transmission line (MTL) theory was recently found by the authors to be a useful and accurate tool in modeling the PL transfer function while, at the same time, taking into account the wiring and grounding practices mandated by several regulatory bodies for commercial and residential premises. Crossing several layers of abstraction and following a bottom-up approach, complex circuit-level models originating from MTL theory can be manipulated and represented in terms of cascaded two-port networks (2PNs), thus allowing one to compute a priori and in a deterministic fashion the transfer function of any PL link. In the present contribution, we present additional analysis and data that validate the accuracy of the MTL approach and further justify its use in the PL channel context. Moreover, we also describe in detail the methodology to follow for modeling both grounded and ungrounded PL links in a unified framework. A consequence of the validity of the proposed modeling is that it can facilitate the process of standardization of the PL transfer function, an important step toward the availability of a commonly agreed upon (set of) channel transfer functions.
Non-polysomal poly(A)-containing messenger ribonucleoproteins of cryptobiotic gastrulae of Artemia salina.

Non-polysomal poly(A)-containing messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) of Artemia salina has been isolated by thermal chromatography on oligo(dT)-cellulose in moderate (250 mM) and low (50 mM NaCl and 5 mM MgCl2) ionic strength. The purified particles sedimented between 5 S and 30 S and banded at a density of 1.38-1.40 g/cm3 and 1.26-1.27 g/cm3 in CsCl and sucrose isopycnic centrifugation, respectively. The translatability of the mRNP in a cell-free system depended on the conditions of isolation. The protein composition of the free mRNP is independent of the conditions used in oligo(dT)-cellulose chromatography. The proteins have Mr of 87,000, 76,000, 65,000, 50,000, 45,000, 38,000 and 23,500. A specific set of proteins is associated wtih different ribonucleoproteins, although some proteins are present on multiple particles. The main 17 +/- 2-S particle is composed of proteins with Mr of 87,000, 76,000, 45,000 and 38,000. Approximately the same proteins were present on free mRNP and mRNP isolated from non-polysomal mRNP-ribosome complexes. Poly(A)-binding proteins have Mr of 38,000 and 23,500. The 38,000-Mr protein comprised at least 60% of the total mRNP protein. Poly(A)-binding proteins with Mr of 38,000 and 76,000 are also present in a free state in the cytoplasm. A relation between the main poly(A)-binding mRNP protein and the helix-destabilizing protein HD40 [Marvil, D. K. , Nowak, L. , and Szer, W. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 6466-6472] is discussed.
A novel planar wireless power transfer system with strong coupled magnetic resonances

A novel wireless power transfer system using strongly coupled magnetic resonances is proposed. In the proposed design, both the transmitter coil set and the receiver coil set are fully planar, comprising of two printed spiral resonator coils and co-planar source and load loops. Comparisons in both quality factor and power transfer efficiency of the design with self-resonant printed spirals and with capacitor-loaded printed spirals are made. In addition, the power transfer efficiency of the planar design with small inductances is also discussed. Measurement results show that the proposed design exhibits a power transfer efficiency of 74.1% at the distance of 200 mm. The planar structure and high transfer efficiency make the proposed design a suitable candidate for wireless power transfer of small portable electronic devices. Finally, the effects of ferrite material and conductive objects on the proposed system are also investigated.
Optimizing a machine learning based glioma grading system using multi-parametric MRI histogram and texture features

Current machine learning techniques provide the opportunity to develop noninvasive and automated glioma grading tools, by utilizing quantitative parameters derived from multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. However, the efficacies of different machine learning methods in glioma grading have not been investigated.A comprehensive comparison of varied machine learning methods in differentiating low-grade gliomas (LGGs) and high-grade gliomas (HGGs) as well as WHO grade II, III and IV gliomas based on multi-parametric MRI images was proposed in the current study. The parametric histogram and image texture attributes of 120 glioma patients were extracted from the perfusion, diffusion and permeability parametric maps of preoperative MRI. Then, 25 commonly used machine learning classifiers combined with 8 independent attribute selection methods were applied and evaluated using leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) strategy. Besides, the influences of parameter selection on the classifying performances were investigated. We found that support vector machine (SVM) exhibited superior performance to other classifiers. By combining all tumor attributes with synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE), the highest classifying accuracy of 0.945 or 0.961 for LGG and HGG or grade II, III and IV gliomas was achieved. Application of Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) attribute selection strategy further improved the classifying accuracies. Besides, the performances of LibSVM, SMO, IBk classifiers were influenced by some key parameters such as kernel type, c, gama, K, etc. SVM is a promising tool in developing automated preoperative glioma grading system, especially when being combined with RFE strategy. Model parameters should be considered in glioma grading model optimization.