Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression and Interactions Between Cell Adhesion Molecules CD44v6 and E-Cadherin in Human Gliomas.

BACKGROUND Gliomas are a heterogenous group of tumors that show the same histological features but differ in their behavior. Gliomas are characterized by biological aggressiveness and extensive infiltrative growth into surrounding healthy brain tissue. OBJECTIVES In this study we estimated CD44v6 and E-cadherin expression and correlation between CD44v6 and E-cadherin in relation to glioma malignancy. We also analyzed simultaneous expression of CD44v6 and E-cadherin in the same tumor sample in order to determine the biological tumor behavior. MATERIAL AND METHODS Expression of CD44v6 and E-cadherin was evaluated on ninety-two formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded glioma tissue blocks using immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS CD44v6 expression was found in 71.6% of gliomas. There was a statistically significant difference between the frequency of positive cases for CD44v6 expression in low (grade I) vs. high (grade IV) as well as in grade I vs. grade II of glioma malignancy (p = 0.001). E-cadherin membrane staining was observed in 28.8% of gliomas. No significant differences were observed between E-cadherin expression and grade of gliomas (p > 0.05). However, re-expression of E-cadherin was found in grade II gliomas. In this group, E-cadherin expression was revealed in 43.3% of the cases. In order to define the relationship between CD44v6 expression and E-cadherin, we analyzed the simultaneous expression of CD44v6 and E-cadherin in the same glioma sample in the whole group and in respect to the degree of glioma malignancy. A positive correlation between studied biomarkers was observed in the analyzed gliomas (p = 0.004) but a simultaneous expression of CD44v6 and E-cadherin revealed no significant differences in respect to glioma malignancy. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that the level of E-cadherin might reflect different biological features of gliomas, whereas CD44v6 is associated with tumor cell malignancy. The simultaneous presence of CD44v6 and E-cadherin in a set of low-grade gliomas indicates that both these molecules might strengthen cell migration and may be a hallmark of glioma invasive growth.
Reputation and Power: Organizational Image and Pharmaceutical Regulation at the FDA

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ix LIST OF TABLES xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS xvii INTRODUCTION: The Gatekeeper 1 CHAPTER ONE: Reputation and Regulatory Power 33 PART ONE: ORGANIZATIONAL EMPOWERMENT AND CHALLENGE CHAPTER TWO: Reputation and Gatekeeping Authority: The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938 and Its Aftermath 73 CHAPTER THREE: The Ambiguous Emergence of American Pharmaceutical Regulation, 1944-1961 118 CHAPTER FOUR: Reputation and Power Crystallized: Thalidomide, Frances Kelsey, and Phased Experiment, 1961-1966 228 CHAPTER FIVE: Reputation and Power Institutionalized: Scientific Networks, Congressional Hearings, and Judicial Affirmation, 1963-1986 298 CHAPTER SIX: Reputation and Power Contested: Emboldened Audiences in Cancer and AIDS, 1977-1992 393 PART TWO: PHARMACEUTICAL REGULATION AND ITS AUDIENCES CHAPTER SEVEN: Reputation and the Organizational Politics of New Drug Review 465 CHAPTER EIGHT: The Governance of Research and Development: Gatekeeping Power, Conceptual Guidance, and Regulation by Satellite 544 CHAPTER NINE: The Other Side of the Gate: Reputation, Power, and Post-Market Regulation 585 CHAPTER TEN: The Detente of Firm and Regulator 635 CHAPTER ELEVEN: American Pharmaceutical Regulation in International Context: Audiences, Comparisons, and Dependencies 686 CHAPTER TWELVE: Conclusion: A Reputation in Relief 727 PRIMARY SOURCES AND ARCHIVAL COLLECTIONS 753 INDEX 759
Multifocal visual evoked potentials in amblyopia due to anisometropia

Purpose: To investigate multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEP) of the amblyopic and fellow eye in amblyopia due to anisometropia. Methods: We recorded mfVEP in both eyes of 15 anisometropic amblyopic patients and 15 normal control subjects. The responses from the central 7.0° arc of the visual field were measured, and changes in latency and amplitude were compared between the amblyopic, fellow, and normal control eyes. Results: There was a significant difference in the latency and amplitude of mfVEP between the amblyopic and fellow eyes. The responses in the central region of the visual field (rings 1 and 2) had a longer latency and smaller amplitude in the amblyopic eye. In contrast, there was no difference in mfVEP latency or amplitude between the fellow eye and normal control eyes. Conclusion: These results suggest that mfVEP may be used as an alternative objective method for diagnosis and monitoring of anisometropic amblyopia.
On the Incidence of Civil War in Africa

An econometric model of civil war is applied to the analysis of conflict in sub-Saharan Africa. Results show that Africa has had a similar incidence of civil conflict to other developing regions, and, with minor exceptions, its conflicts are consistent with the global pattern of behavior. However, the structure of risk differs considerably from other regions. Africa's economic characteristics have made it more vulnerable to conflict, but this has been offset by social characteristics that make its societies atypically safe. The contrasting trends of conflict are analyzed: rising in Africa and declining in other regions. Results show that these trends are predicted by the model. Africa's rising trend of conflict is due to its atypically poor economic performance.
Accounting Conservatism in Japan: Time Series Analysis of the Asymmetric Timeliness of Earnings

We examine time-series variations in accounting conservatism in the Japanese market. Previous studies have found that the Japanese market has low accounting conservatism. Over the last 30 years, however, the Japanese market has experienced significant institutional changes. Thus, we examine whether accounting conservatism in the Japanese market varied over the period 1979-2007. To quantify accounting conservatism, we use the model developed by Basu (1997), known as “asymmetric timeliness”. Because the market-to-book (MTB) ratio is an alternative measure of accounting conservatism, and Roychowdhury and Watts (2007) find a cause-and-effect relationship between asymmetric timeliness and MTB, we also investigate whether institutional changes affect this relationship.To assess institutional changes in the Japanese market, we highlight the code law origin and corporate governance, litigation risk, GAAP rules, the boom and bust economic cycle, and ownership structure. These factors are interrelated and mutually influence the asymmetric timeliness of earnings. We divide our sample period into four (1979-1984, 1985-1990, 1991-1999, 2000-2007), based on variations in these factors. We find that Japanese firms exhibit asymmetric timeliness, regardless of the investigation period, and the fourth period exhibits the highest asymmetric timeliness. Our analysis reveals that GAAP rule amendments around 2000 had considerable effects on this variation in asymmetric timeliness, although it seems unlikely that it was the only factor. Further analysis demonstrates that the boom and bust economic cycle weakened the cause-and-effect relationship between asymmetric timeliness and MTB.
NUMERICAL SOLUTION FOR THE FALKNER-SKAN EQUATION USING CHEBYSHEV CARDINAL FUNCTIONS

A numerical technique is presented for the solution of Falkner-Skan equation. The nonlinear ordinary differential equation is solved using Chebyshev cardinal functions. The method have been derived by first truncating the semi-infinite physical domain of the problem to a finite domain and expanding the required approximate solution as the elements of Chebyshev cardinal functions. Using the operational matrix of derivative, we reduce the problem to a set of algebraic equations. From the computational viewpoint, the solutions obtained by this method is in excellent agreement with those obtained by previous works and efficient to use. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 65D10; 65N35; 74G15.
Continous deployment of multi-cloud systems

In this paper we present our mechanism and tooling for the continuous deployment and resource provisioning of multi-cloud applications. In order to facilitate collaboration between development and operation teams as promoted in the DevOps movement, our deployment and resource provisioning engine is based on the Models@Runtime principles. This enables applying the same concepts and language (i.e., CloudML) for deployment and resource provisioning at development-and operation-time.
Overcoming Battery Life Problems of Smartphones When Creating Automated Travel Diaries

Gathering data using travel diaries has been a requirement to analyze travel behaviour data for decades. Smartphones can be used to collect travel data on a wide scale. Conserving the battery life in smartphones is a challenge to creating automated travel diaries. For a system to work, the travel diary application cannot be a burden to the user. In this paper the authors leverage work from the “everyday location monitoring” research community in a system to sparsely collect location data from smartphones in a battery efficient manner. With this sparse data, an algorithm is presented to generate trips, and suggest six metrics to analyze the quality of the trip determination system. The algorithm has been adapted to deal with problems encountered in the real world with a test of 125 users across 20 states and 23 different models of smartphones. The results show the accuracy of the automated system and how the results are significantly boosted with just a small amount of human input. There exists a trade-off between battery consumption and trip inference accuracy, and the metrics used in this paper are basic measures to be used to determine the quality of an automated trip diary system.
Modulators of Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation and Viability Identified by Short-Hairpin RNA Library Screening

There is significant need to identify novel prostate cancer drug targets because current hormone therapies eventually fail, leading to a drug-resistant and fatal disease termed castration-resistant prostate cancer. To functionally identify genes that, when silenced, decrease prostate cancer cell proliferation or induce cell death in combination with antiandrogens, we employed an RNA interference-based short hairpin RNA barcode screen in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. We identified and validated four candidate genes (AKT1, PSMC1, STRADA, and TTK) that impaired growth when silenced in androgen receptor positive prostate cancer cells and enhanced the antiproliferative effects of antiandrogens. Inhibition of AKT with a pharmacologic inhibitor also induced apoptosis when combined with antiandrogens, consistent with recent evidence for PI3K and AR pathway crosstalk in prostate cancer cells. Recovery of hairpins targeting a known prostate cancer pathway validates the utility of shRNA library screening in prostate cancer as a broad strategy to identify new candidate drug targets.
A model of voting with incomplete information and opinion polls

A one-dimensional model of spatial political competition with incomplete information is developed.It is assumed that voters care about the distribu-tion of votes among the two candidates. Votershave an incomplete infor-mation about the distribution of voters´ types. We provide conditions forwhich the publication of opinion polls may solve the informational problem voters face. The mainresult states that only when the distribution of voters is polarized we could expect that voters actas if they were fully informed.
The automatic indexing system AIR/PHYS - from research to applications

Since October 1985, the automatic indexing system AIR/PHYS has been used in the input production of the physics data base of the Fachinformationsentrum Karlsruhe/West Germany. The texts to be indexed are abstracts written in English. The system of descriptors is prescribed. For the application of the AIR/PHYS system a large-scale dictionary containing more than 600 000 word-descriptor relations reap. phrase-descriptor relations has been developed. Most of these relations have been obtained by means of statistical and heuristical methods. In consequence, the relation system is rather imperfect. Therefore, the indexing system needs some fault- tolerating features. An appropriate indexing approach and the corresponding structure of the AIR/PHYS system are described. Finally, the conditions of the application as well as problems of further development are discussed.
Development of UWB dual notch filter to reject IEEE 802.11a using ring resonator

A new Ultra-Wideband (UWB) dual notch filter is developed and studied for the purpose of reducing interference from the WLAN (802.11a) when it coexists with the UWB radio system. The filter is based on ring resonator with interdigital coupling at both sides. The interdigital coupling is used instead of direct coupling for the reason of strong coupling and to introduce capacitance effect to obtain flat passband. The notched band is designed to reject the both lower (5.15–5.35 GHz) and upper (5.725–5.825 GHz) bands of WLAN by introducing four open stubs at the coupling arms nearby the ring geometry. The dual notch is obtained at 5.1 GHz with −20 dB and at 5.9 GHz with −9 dB and group delay variation under 0.05 ns over the −10 dB operating band of 5.56 GHz. The overall size of the designed filter is 6 mm (length) × 39.2 mm (breadth) × 1.6 mm (height). The phase of S21 throughout the passband of presented filter is acceptably linear for UWB applications.
Efficient Key Authentication Protocol For Dynamic Group Communication

An important problem in secure group communication is key distribution. Most of the centralized group key management schemes employ rekeying cost. Instead of performing individual rekeying, these paper discuss an three interval based approach for updating the group key: (i) Rebuild (ii) Batch rekeying (iii) Queue batch algorithm. We mathematically analyze these interval based approaches and shown that Queue batch is best among three interval based algorithm. Moreover, the Queue-batch algorithm has the intrinsic property of balancing the computation and communication workload in a highly dynamic environment.
Bundling and Competition for Slots (Very Preliminary: Comments Welcome)

We consider competition among n upstream rms when each of them sells a portfolio of distinct products to a downstream rm having limited slots (or shelf space). We study how bundling a¤ects competition for slots. When the downstream has k number of slots, e¢ ciency requires that it purchase the best k products among all upstream rmsproducts. We nd that without bundling, equilibrium often does not exist and the outcome is often ine¢ cient. This is because each upstream rm faces both internal competition (i.e. competition among its own products) and the external competition (i.e. competition from other rmsproducts). On the contrary, bundling removes the internal competition and restores e¢ ciency: an e¢ cient equilibrium always exists. In particular, in the case of Digital good, the equilibrium outcome is unique if rms do not use slotting contracts. However, ine¢ cient equilibria can exist if rms use slotting contracts. In addition, in the case of physical good, ine¢ cient equilibria can exist due to full-line forcing as well. Key words: Bundling, Competition among Portfolios, Slots (or Shelf Space), FullLine Forcing, Slotting Contracts JEL Code: D4, K21, L13, L41, L82 We thank the seminar participants at University of Cergy-Pontoise. We also thank the comments from Jay Pil Choi, Denis Gromb and Régis Renault. Jeon gratefully acknowledges the nancial support from the Spanish government under SEJ2006-09993/ECON and Ramon y Cajal grant. This research was partially funded by the Net Institute whose nancial support is gratefully acknowledged. yUniversitat Pompeu Fabra, IESE (SP-SP) and Toulouse School of Economics doh-shin.jeon@upf.edu zUniversità degli Studi di Firenze, Italy. domenico.menicucci@dmd.uni . it
Analysis of Spatial Multiplexing for Cross-Layer Design of MIMO Ad Hoc Networks

We consider the application of spatial multiplexing to ad hoc networks where nodes have multiple antennas. At the physical level, we suppose that layered space-time multiuser detection (LAST-MUD) is applied to separate multiple streams arriving at the receiver simultaneously. Our contributions here consist first in the reproduction of the multiuser detection process performance by a simple analysis, where we also specify when the analytical results are expected to be accurate and why. Second, we use this approximation to perform a cross-layer design of a MIMO ad hoc network where physical layer and medium access control strategies are integrated to maximize the network throughput. We finally corroborate our conclusions, by comparing analysis with simulation results both at the link and the network level
Free radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of plum (Prunus domestica L.) in both fresh and dried samples

Objectives: Consumption of fruits, such as plums and prunes, is useful in treating blood circulation disorder, measles, digestive disorder, and prevention of cancer, diabetes, and obesity. The paper presents a description of antioxidant and antiradical capacity of plum (Prunus domestica L.) in both fresh and dried samples. Materials and Methods: Samples were mixed with methanol and ethanol (as solvents) and were extracted on magnetic shaker, separately. The experiments were carried out to measure the Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Reducing Power Assay (RPA), Chain Breaking Activity (CBA), and quantity of Malondialdehyde (MDA), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH),Nitric Oxide (NO),Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide(O2-) radicals inhibition. Results: The results showed that the highest values for the TPC, TFC,TAC, RPA, CBA, DPPH, and NO were related to ethanolic extractsof dried sample which showed statistically significant differences (p<0.01 and p<0.0001), while the maximum values for the H2O2 and O2-were related to ethanolic extracts of fresh sample. The correlations data were analyzed among all parameters and the TPC and TFC had a significant correlation (r2=0.977). Moreover, it was found that methanol was more successful in extraction procedure than ethanol (p<0.01). Conclusion: Findings suggest that the fresh samples are more successful in collecting oxygen free radicals such as superoxide (O2-) and peroxy radicals (ROO.) than dried.
The very local Hubble flow: Computer simulations of dynamical history

The phenomenon of the very local ( ≤ 3 Mpc) Hubble flow is studied on the basis of the data of recent precision observations. A set of computer simulations is performed to trace the trajectories of the flow galaxies back in time to the epoch of the formation of the Local Group. It is found that the “initial conditions” of the flow are drastically different from the linear velocity-distance relation. The simulations enable one also to recognize the major trends of the flow evolution and identify the dynamical role of universal antigravity produced by the cosmic vacuum.
Quorum: flexible quality of service for internet services

In this paper we describe Quorum, a non-invasive approach to scalable quality-of-service provisioning that uses traffic shaping, admission control, and response monitoring at the border of an Internet site to ensure throughput and response time guarantees. We experimentally compare an implementation of Quorum both to hardware over-provisioning and to leading software approaches using real world workloads. Our results show that Quorum can enforce the same QoS guarantees as either of the compared approaches, while achieving better resource utilization than over-provisioning and without the application rewriting overhead required by intrusive software approaches. We also demonstrate that our implementation can successfully handle extreme situations such as sudden traffic surges, application misbehavior and node failures. Furthermore, we demonstrate the flexibility of Quorum by providing QoS guarantees for a complex and heterogeneous Internet service that cannot be implemented by other current software approaches.
Comparability of Effort in International Climate Policy Architecture

The comparability of domestic actions to mitigate global climate change has important implications for the stability, equity, and efficiency of international climate agreements. We examine a variety of metrics that could be used to evaluate countries' climate change mitigation effort and illustrate their potential application for large developed and developing countries. We also explain how transparent measures of the comparability of effort can contribute to the design of international and domestic climate change policy along several dimensions. For example, such measures can facilitate participation and compliance in an agreement if they can illustrate that all parties are doing their "fair share. " Second, these measures can inform the bilateral linking of domestic cap-and-trade programs in a manner akin to how nations negotiate the lowering of trade barriers more generally in trade policy. Third, assessments of the comparability of effort can affect whether to implement and, if necessary, the stringency of unilateral border measures (e.g., a border tax). Finally, such assessments demonstrate the need for a well-functioning policy surveillance regime.
Towards context-aware task recommendation

Pervasive computing environments can provide a diverse range of computing capabilities. But they are overwhelming for us as we attempt to accomplish our daily tasks. We need to know what resources are at hand and what tasks a PCE supports. Our ongoing research aims to minimise this overload by proposing a context-aware task recommender system named TASKREC which can recommend or automatically accomplish feasible and relevant tasks for users according to user's situation and environment capabilities. This paper formalises the problem of task recommendation, presents a system architecture for TASKREC, and an early prototype implementation. Finally, we suggest open opportunities for future research on adaptation techniques for context-aware systems.