Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electron-impact cross sections of SiH 2 using the R -matrix method at low energy

The electron-impact collision cross sections are calculated for a SiH2 molecule using the R-matrix approach in the low-energy range. The elastic and electron-excited inelastic cross sections are calculated in the correlated and uncorrelated approximations. All electronic states arising due to single-electron transitions from Hartree-Fock configurations up to threshold are considered in the target wave-function expansion. Partial waves up to l = 4 are used to represent continuum electron orbitals. The Born corrected converged cross sections are obtained for the radical with a nonzero dipole moment by considering the contributions of higher partial waves (l > 4). The effect of a small dipole moment on cross sections is analyzed. Besides determining the cross sections, the role of active space in the target and scattering problem, including the resonances is discussed. This work reports elastic, inelastic, and differential cross sections and few-electron-collision energy-transfer parameters. In particular, we show the viscosity cross sections and rate coefficients for elastic and electron-excited processes.
Analysis of factors influencing the use of accounting information on SMEs in Badung Regency

This study aims to analyze the level of education, business scale, accounting training, accounting knowledge, and the use of accounting information in micro, small, and medium enterprises in the Badung district. This research is quantitative in nature, and the data used consists of primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires to MSME actors in the Badung regency. The population of this study comprises all MSMEs registered in the Badung Regency who have paid their annual taxes, amounting to 3,350 MSMEs. The sample for this study was selected through simple random sampling, utilizing the Slovin formula. The results revealed that the level of education, accounting training, and accounting knowledge had a positive effect on the use of accounting information in micro, small, and medium enterprises in the Badung district. However, business scale exhibited a negative effect on the use of accounting information in micro, small, and medium enterprises in the Badung district.
Continuous/discrete non parametric Bayesian belief nets with UNICORN and UNINET

Hanea et al. (2006) presented a method for quantifying and computing continuous/discrete non parametric Bayesian Belief Nets (BBN). Influences are represented as conditional rank correlations, and the joint normal copula enables rapid sampling and conditionalization. Further mathematical background is in Kurowicka and Cooke (2007). This article sketches the current stage of development. The driving application currently involves 133 continuous and discrete probabilistic nodes, and 330 functional nodes. Boolean functions enable fault trees to be fully represented as functional nodes in a BBN. Repeated nodes are easily handled with the identity function. Current perspectives and challenges conclude the paper.
Preliminary Study of Gender-Based Brain Lateralization Using Multi-Channel Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

It has been thought that males tend to use their brain hemispheres more laterally than females. However, recent fMRI studies have shown that there may be no difference in brain lateralization between genders. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) presents a unique opportunity to acquire real time measurements of blood oxygenation changes to observe neural activity specific to the brain's left and right hemispheres. Using an in-house built multichannel fNIRS system, brain lateralization was observed from seven males and four females according to specially designed tasks for left and right hemisphere activation. The Pearson correlation coefficient and a modified Lateralization Index metric for continuous wave fNIRS systems were calculated to quantify brain lateralization. The preliminary results point to no significant difference in lateral hemodynamic changes between the genders. However, the correlation of symmetrical channel pairs decreased as the experiments progressed. To further develop this study, the subject's performance and the removal of global interference must be implemented for an improved study of brain lateralization.
A Hybrid Skin Lesions Segmentation Approach Based on Image Processing Methods

Presently image segmentation remains the most crucial stage in the image processing system. The main idea ofimage segmentation is to partition or divide a random image into several partitions depending on the problem to solve. In this paper, we will be presenting a new method of skin cancer detection based on Otsu’s thresholding algorithm and markercontrolled watershed method. This hybridization process is first of all started by segmenting the input image using fuzzy c-means algorithm which is a clustering method that gives the possibility to a pixel to belong to one or more clusters. After that, we will apply multi-Otsu which is a thresholding algorithm that separates the pixels of an image into a variety of classes depending on the intensity of the gray levels. The next step of this proposed method is the marker-controlled watershedalgorithm that divides the image into homogenous areas or regions by using edge-detection concepts including mathematical morphology. The proposed technique was applied and experienced using several images of different types of skin cancer that were collected and gathered from the web and also from the Kaggle dataset. To assess the worth of the achieved results, we used several evaluation metrics like dice coefficient, sensitivity, specificity as well as Jaccard similarity that all have shown good and satisfactory results.
Spoof Detection using Sequentially Integrated Image and Audio Features

: Analyzing the intricate nature of an audio signal often requires the extraction of relevant features, which serve as informative descriptors of the signal. It entails studying the signal and determining how signals are related to one another. As a result, the performance of audio spoofing detection in Automatic Speaker Verification (ASV) systems is strongly reliant on front-end feature extraction. In this paper, three types of successively integrated features have been proposed. First, Acoustic Ternary Pattern (ATP) image features are sequentially fused with di ff erent audio features such as MFCC, CQCC, GTCC, BFCC and PLP, individually. Second, LBP image features are combined with all these audio features similarly. Then, the sequential integration of ATP-LBP features is combined individually with MFCC, CQCC, GTCC, BFCC and PLP features. Finally, these front-end hybrid feature sets are classified using di ff erent ML and deep learning algorithms based acoustic models at the back-end. The state-of-the-art ASVspoof 2019 dataset has been used to implement various front-end and back-end combinations. The research outcomes reveal that the proposed approach achieved the best results with ATP-LBP-GTCC at the front end with LSTM-based acoustic model at the back-end.
LOW COST HARDWARE IN THE LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM USING MICROCONTROLLERS

Control systems engineering is a very interesting engineering disciplines. It requires proper tools to teach it effectively, one of the tools is experimental setups. They are needed to understand and apply different control strategies and to connect theory with application. However, such setups might not be easy to reach for a number of reasons such as their relatively high prices. Hardware in the Loop (HIL) is a way to replace an experimental setup to be studied with an equivalent hardware, such as a PC or a microcontroller. In this paper a microcontroller is used to replace two different physical systems. In addition to simulating the systems, another microcontroller is also used to replace the control loop, i.e. the summing node and the controller. The simulation of the systems and the whole control loop on the microcontroller was carried out using difference equation method and Ordinary Differential Equations method whenever it is applicable. The interface between the two microcontrollers was established using serial communication protocol and ESP NOW. The performance of the control system is compared with MATLAB and showed very high accuracy. The simulation was run in real time, with a sample time of 10ms
A Refinement of Logit Quantal Response Equillibrium

Unlike the Nash equilibrium, logit quantal response equilibrium is affected by positive affine transformations of players’ von Neumann–Morgenstern utility payoffs. This paper presents a modification of a logit quantal response equilibrium that makes this equilibrium solution concept invariant to arbitrary normalization of utility payoffs. Our proposed modification can be viewed as a refinement of logit quantal response equilibria: instead of obtaining a continuum of equilibria (for different positive affine transformations of utility function) we now obtain only one equilibrium for all possible positive affine transformations of utility function. We define our refinement for simultaneous-move noncooperative games in the normal form.
Packing a Square Lattice with a Rectangle-Free Set of Points

This paper originated when I was perusing the book Mathematical Gems III [2] by Ross Honsberger. Honsberger has an engaging way of writing, but even better than this, he has excellent taste in his choice of problems. I have had a long-term interest in the construction of problems for undergraduate and high school mathematical contests. One of the techniques that I and many others have used is to take some topic of modem mathematics and to construct a sufficiently simple example so that a solution can be found which does not require the solver to have a knowledge of the theory on which the problem is based. As a corollary, when I look at problems composed by others, I have a dual interest, namely: first to solve the problem and second, to try and find out what led the composer to the problem. With this in mind, I looked at two problems which appeared in Mathematical Gems III. These problems and their solutions appear on pages 2-6. They are both problems that appeared in the 1974 USSR National Olympiad (high school).
Studying the time histogram of a terrestrial electron beam detected from the opposite hemisphere of its associated TGF

Terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes are bursts of X/gamma photons, correlated to thunderstorms. By interacting with the atmosphere, the photons produce a substantial number of electrons and positrons. Some of these reach a sufficiently high altitude that their interactions with the atmosphere become negligible, and they are then guided by geomagnetic field lines, forming a Terrestrial Electron Beam. On 9 December 2009, the Gamma‐Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) instrument on board the Fermi Space Telescope made a particularly interesting measurement of such an event. To study this type of event in detail, we perform Monte‐Carlo simulations and focus on the resulting time histograms. In agreement with previous work, we show that the histogram measured by Fermi GBM is reproducible from a simulation. We then show that the time histogram resulting from this simulation is only weakly dependent on the production altitude, duration, beaming angle, and spectral shape of the associated terrestrial gamma‐ray flash. Finally, we show that the time histogram can be decomposed into three populations of leptons, coming from the opposite hemisphere, and mirroring back to the satellite with or without interacting with the atmosphere, and that these populations can be clearly distinguished by their pitch angles.
Higher Order Thinking (HOTS) Skills Assessment Model in Arabic Language Skills Learning in Madrasah

One of the goals of learning Arabic is to master the four skills of Arabic: listening skills, speaking skills, reading skills, and writing skills. The HOTS assessment of the four skills aims for students to achieve various competencies that align with the times. These competencies include critical, creative, innovative thinking, communication skills, collaboration, and self-confidence. The five things conveyed by the government, which is the target character of students, are attached to the assessment system and are 21st-century skills. This research is a qualitative study that produces descriptive data. The type of this research is library research. The data analysis used is content analysis. The HOTS assessment of the four Arabic language skills can be carried out by aligning the forms of assessment and the HOTS thinking process dimensions: creating, evaluating, and analyzing, which are then outlined in competency achievement indicators elaboration of essential competencies.
Fixed Effects and Causal Inference

IZA DP No. 16202 JUNE 2023 Fixed Effects and Causal Inference* Across many disciplines, the fixed effects estimator of linear panel data models is the default method to estimate causal effects with nonexperimental data that are not confounded by time-invariant, unit-specific heterogeneity. One feature of the fixed effects estimator, however, is often overlooked in practice: With data over time t ∈ {1,. ,T} for each unit of observation i ∈ {1,. ,N}, the amount of unobserved heterogeneity the researcher can remove with unit fixed effects is weakly decreasing in T. Put differently, the set of attributes that are time-invariant is not invariant to the length of the panel. We consider several alternatives to the fixed effects estimator with T > 2 when relevant unit-specific heterogeneity is not timeinvariant, including existing estimators such as the first-difference, twice first-differenced, and interactive fixed effects estimators. We also introduce several novel algorithms based on rolling estimators. In the situations considered here, there is little to be gained and much to lose by using the fixed effects estimator. We recommend reporting the results from multiple linear panel data estimators in applied research. JEL Classification: C23, C51, C52
Situation Method In Learning Arabic In The Era Of Industrial Revolution 4.0

This research is motivated by several problems in the teaching and learning process without where a teacher or lecturer uses the method, it will not progress and develop and will have difficulty achieving a goal expected from the teaching and learning process. Departing from this problem, the author wishes to describe the learning methods in Arabic courses and analyze these learning methods, of course, the learning method used is a method that is very relevant and up to date and suitable in this 4.0 Industrial Revolution Era. The Arabic language course can be said to have quite complicated characteristics, so in this learning it needs a lot of memorization that allows students to master the Arabic language material. However, it should be noted that in the teaching and learning process there should be no emphasis because this will make the student's psyche weak. For this reason, the authors consider the Situation Method as the answer. This method is applied to make it easier for students to learn Arabic in general.Keywords: Situation Method, Learning Approach, Arabic
Measurement of the muon neutrino charged current pion production cross-section on water using the T2K near detector

T2K is a long baseline neutrino experiment which uses a beam of muon neutrinos, produced at J-PARC and detected at Super-Kamiokande, to study the neutrino oscillation parameters. The measurement of cross-sections in the T2K energies can constrain the uncertainties on the model predictions and help the oscillation analyses reach the necessary sensitivity to measure CP violation in the lepton sector. This thesis describes the measurement of the νμ CC1π + cross-section in water using Run II-IV T2K data. The T2K near detector, ND280, is used to select a sample of νμ CC1π + events having vertices in the water layers of the downstream fine-grained detector (FGD). The Time Projection Chambers (TPC) are used for the particle identification and to measure their momenta. The Electromagnetic Calorimeters (ECals) are used to reject events that produce electromagnetic showers coming from neutral pions. A Bayesian unfolding method with background subtraction and two control samples is used to extract the cross-section. The control samples constrain the background coming from interactions on carbon and deep inelastic scattering. The single differential cross-section is presented as a function of the muon kinematics, the pion kinematics, the angle between the muon and the pion, and the reconstructed neutrino energy. A future long baseline experiment between J-PARC and Hyper-Kamiokande is presented as a natural continuation to the T2K experiment. HyperKamiokande will be a next generation water Cherenkov detector with a total (fiducial) mass of 0.99 (0.56) million metric tons. A total exposure of 7.5 MW × 107 sec integrated beam power will lead to the measurement of δCP to better than 19 degrees for all possible values of δCP . CP violation in the lepton sector could be established at better than 3σ (5σ) for 76% (58%) of the δCP parameter space.
Novel beam delivery fibers for delivering flat-top beams with controlled BPP for high power CW and pulsed laser applications

Single-mode (SM) kW-class fiber lasers are the tools of choice for material processing applications such as sheet metal cutting and welding. However, application requirements include a flat-top intensity profile and specific beam parameter product (BPP). Here, Nufern introduces a novel specialty fiber technology capable of converting a SM laser beam into a flat-top beam suited for these applications. The performances are demonstrated using a specialty fiber with 100 μm pure silica core, 0.22 NA surrounded by a 120 μm fluorine-doped layer and a 360 μm pure silica cladding, which was designed to match the conventional beam delivery fibers. A SM fiber laser operating at a wavelength of 1.07 μm and terminated with a large-mode area (LMA) fiber with 20 μm core and 0.06 NA was directly coupled in the core of the flat-top specialty fiber using conventional splicing technique. The output beam profile and BPP were characterized first with a low-power source and confirmed using a 2 kW laser and we report a beam transformation from a SM beam into a flat-top intensity profile beam with a 3.8 mm*mrad BPP. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first successful beam transformation from SM to MM flat-top with controlled BPP in a single fiber integrated in a multi-kW all-fiber system architecture.
How family firms can avoid the trap of strong social ties and still achieve innovation: critical roles of market orientation and transgenerational intent

PurposeTo extend family business research, this article proposes and tests a curvilinear relationship between social ties and family firm innovation, with the firm's market orientation and transgenerational intent as moderators.Design/methodology/approachRepresentatives from a sample of 150 family firms in the United Arab Emirates completed self-administered questionnaires. Regression analyses on the collected data test the conceptual model and proposed hypotheses.FindingsThe empirical study reveals an inverted U-shaped relationship, such that a high market orientation mitigates the diminishing returns of social ties on enhancing family firm innovation. Similarly, at high levels of transgenerational intent, family firm innovation increases due to social ties, instead of exhibiting diminishing returns.Originality/valueThese results help explain contradictory outcomes previously attributed to social ties and offer clear guidelines for how family firms can leverage these ties more effectively to enhance their own innovation.
A segmentation of fresh meat shoppers based on revealed preferences

Meat ‐ focused diets are highly debated considering their environmental and health consequences. A change in consumption patterns in industrialized countries seems inevitable. To inform marketers and policymakers on how to mitigate meat consumption as a means of obtaining sustainability goals, the present study identifies consumer segments based on their actual purchases of fresh meat cuts using German household scanner data for the year 2014. Our revealed ‐ preference approach suggests that pork and beef traditionalists and convenience ‐ oriented pork buyers may react to financial incentives. Poultry and premium red meat lovers may be influenced by targeted labeling and quality signals. Overall, low ‐ meat consumption patterns seem to be less prevalent in Germany than commonly portrayed. [EconLit Citations: C38, D12, E21, Q18].
Discrete Wavelet Spectrum’s Characherization and Its Parameter Estimating for Multifractal Network Traffic

Recent studies on rapid Internet traffic have shown that aggregate traffic is multipfractal. To characterize the properties and construction of multipfractal products of stochastic processes is important for capturing the traffic behavior at all time scales. This paper defines a spectrum function, obtained from a discrete wavelet transform (DWT), to represent all-order statistic properties of multifractal process. The existence of the spectrum is given as well as its characterization properties and the corresponding conditions. Based on these, this paper gives a method of spectrum estimating and analyzes the real network data using it at last.
Tips for Using Photovoice in Evaluation of Extension Programs

Photovoice is a technique in which a facilitator guides a participant to produce a photograph and accompanying caption that reflects the participant's unique views regarding a topic. The photovoice process is designed to be used with a wide range of audiences. This article describes ways Extension educators can incorporate photovoice into the evaluation of Extension programs and identifies issues they should consider when doing so.
Construction of Confidence Intervals for Quantitative Trait Loci Location in F 2 Populations

This paper is concerned with the construction of a confidence interval for the quantitative trait loci (QTL) location parameter in an F2 population. As usual for QTLs having small effects, this method is developed in the local asymptotic framework. A maximum likelihood ratio test is built up from statistics whose asymptotic distribution under the null hypothesis does not depend on the nuisance parameters. Simulations show that our confidence interval gives the correct probability of containing the true location of the QTL. An example using experimental data from an F2 progeny of maize is presented to illustrate this methodology.
Efeitos das práticas de ESG no custo de capital das empresas brasileiras

O reconhecimento da necessidade de ações para fazer frente aos impactos das mudanças climáticas, de diversidade e regras de compliance leva a um aumento dos investimentos pelas empresas que adotam práticas de sustentabilidade que vêm se tornando relevantes para as decisões de investidores. No Brasil, a percepção sobre o valor da adoção das práticas de ESG é mais recente e vem crescendo, havendo o reconhecimento de que o desenvolvimento econômico deve ocorrer com avanço sustentável no país. Este estudo verifica se a adoção de práticas de sustentabilidade acarreta numa redução do custo de capital de 96 empresas – não financeiras – brasileiras, de capital aberto, e com informações de pontuação ESG de, ao menos, 3 anos no período de 2016 a 2020 utilizando regressões múltiplas lineares por pooled ou painel. Verifica-se a existência de uma relação negativa entre o componente ambiental e o custo do capital de terceiros que confirma uma preocupação crescente dos países sobre as questões ambientais. Porém com a não ratificação da hipótese de redução de custo de capital próprio, indica-se que os credores possuem maior sensibilidade às práticas ambientais das empresas que seus acionistas. Dessa forma, diferentemente dos países desenvolvidos, empresas e investidores brasileiros ainda não conseguem perceber os benefícios financeiros advindos da adoção de práticas de sustentabilidade, apontando oportunidades para tais investimentos.