Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychometric properties of the Hungarian version of the original and the short form of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS).

AIM Psychometric properties of the Hungarian version of the original and the short form of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) were investigated in the present study. METHODS Participants were undergraduate university students (N=1163) and patients visiting their General Practitioners (GPs) for various somatic complaints (N=466). RESULTS According to the confirmatory factor analysis, both versions showed adequate fit to the theoretical one-and-one (positive and negative affect) factor model. Internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach-alpha values) were above . 8 for the original positive and negative scales, . 73 and . 79 for the short positive scale, and . 65 and . 67 for the short negative scale in the student and the patient groups, respectively. The correlations between the original 10-item subscales and their 5-item counterparts were above . 9 in both groups. CONCLUSION The short PANAS scale represents a good and practical alternative for the original version, with lower but still acceptable internal consistency values.
Active Perception for Cyber Intrusion Detection and Defense

This paper describes an automated process of active perception for cyber defense. Our approach is informed by theoretical ideas from decision theory and recent research results in neuroscience. Our cognitive agent allocates computational and sensing resources to (approximately) optimize its Value of Information. To do this, it draws on models to direct sensors towards phenomena of greatest interest to inform decisions about cyber defense actions. By identifying critical network assets, the organization's mission measures interest (and value of information). This model enables the system to follow leads from inexpensive, inaccurate alerts with targeted use of expensive, accurate sensors. This allows the deployment of sensors to build structured interpretations of situations. From these, an organization can meet mission-centered decision-making requirements with calibrated responses proportional to the likelihood of true detection and degree of threat.
The International Sepsis Forum Consensus Conference on Definitions of Infection in the Intensive Care Unit

Objective:To develop definitions of infection that can be used in clinical trials in patients with sepsis. Context:Infection is a key component of the definition of sepsis, yet there is currently no agreement on the definitions that should be used to identify specific infections in patients with sepsis. Agreeing on a set of valid definitions that can be easily implemented as part of a clinical trial protocol would facilitate patient selection, help classify patients into prospectively defined infection categories, and therefore greatly reduce variability between treatment groups. Design and Methods:Experts in infectious diseases, clinical microbiology, and critical care medicine were recruited and allocated specific infection sites. They carried out a systematic literature review and used this, and their own experience, to prepare a draft definition. At a subsequent consensus conference, rapporteurs presented the draft definitions, and these were then refined and improved during discussion. Modifications were circulated electronically and subsequently agreed upon as part of an iterative process until consensus was reached. Result:Consensus definitions of infection were developed for the six most frequent causes of infections in septic patients: pneumonia, bloodstream infections (including infective endocarditis), intravascular catheter-related sepsis, intra-abdominal infections, urosepsis, and surgical wound infections. Conclusions:We have described standardized definitions of the common sites of infection associated with sepsis in critically ill patients. Use of these definitions in clinical trials should help improve the quality of clinical research in this field.
Quantum phase estimation with arbitrary constant-precision phase shift operators

While Quantum phase estimation (QPE) is at the core of many quantum algorithms known to date, its physical implementation (algorithms based on quantum Fourier transform (QFT)) is highly constrained by the requirement of high-precision controlled phase shift operators, which remain difficult to realize. In this paper, we introduce an alternative approach to approximately implement QPE with arbitrary constant-precision controlled phase shift operators. The new quantum algorithm bridges the gap between QPE algorithms based on QFT and Kitaev's original approach. For approximating the eigenphase precise to the nth bit, Kitaev's original approach does not require any controlled phase shift operator. In contrast, QPE algorithms based on QFT or approximate QFT require controlled phase shift operators with precision of at least Pi/2n. The new approach fills the gap and requires only arbitrary constant-precision controlled phase shift operators. From a physical implementation viewpoint, the new algorithm outperforms Kitaev's approach.
Decreasing Use of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs on a College Campus: Exploring Potential Factors Related to Change

High-risk alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) use has been a persistent problem on college campuses despite decades of prevention programming. However, some universities may begin to experience a lower prevalence of high-risk behaviors, not because of education efforts, but because of generational changes in the incoming student population. This study examined the ATOD use of incoming students (n = 5,964) at a large, southeastern, public university over a 5-year period. The data demonstrated an overall decrease in incoming students’ ATOD use, which may be connected to the defining characteristics of the Millennial generation—a need for structure, respect for authority, a tendency to follow rules and institutional policies, and an appreciation for the institution’s increasing focus on academic rigor—as well as increased ethnic diversity of the generation. As increasing numbers of Millennials enter college, these results become critically important for prevention work and policy development.
The interactive core of a random wireless sensor network model

For large scale wireless sensor networks, it is a fundamental challenge to extend the lifetime when the energy supply is limited. In this paper, we proposed a random-based wireless sensor network model which composed of sensor nodes and relay nodes as region heads upgraded from sensor nodes. In order to maximize the network lifetime, we present this optimal placement of relay nodes problem with a spin-glass model of minimal upgrading set of wireless sensor network with random-graph topology. By introducing the concept of interactive core, we study the statistical approach to estimate the solutions of the objective problem such that the maximal network lifetime can be achieved. As a further study of this model, we propose, from the theoretical point of view, a scheme to determine the key relay nodes while the minimum number of relay nodes has been determined by the first step. Our results show that the strategy to deal with the maximum lifetime problem of two-tied network model for large scale case from statistical physics can be help to design more efficient wireless sensor networks with random located sensors.
One-Side-Electrode-Type Fluid-Based Inclinometer Combined With CMOS Circuitry

In this study, electrical double layer theory is applied to realize one-side-electrode-type fluid-based inclinometer combined with CMOS circuitry. Charge-balanced capacitance-voltage conversion (C-V converter) circuit was designed as detection circuit and it was fabricated using 0.35 mum CMOS process. The sensor design and substrate penetration lithography method are demonstrated in sensor fabrication, and experiment to find a proper fluid for this application was implemented.
Class Discussion and One-To-One Interaction: Their Effect on the Decisions of Fourth Graders to Write

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the prewriting activities of class discussion and one-to-one student interaction on the voluntary writing decisions of fourth graders. The sample consisted of 185 boys and 170 girls. Class discussion, one-to-one interaction, and a control condition of no prewriting experience formed the three levels of the independent variable. The dependent variable consisted of whether or not the subject chose to work at a writing center. The chi-square test statistic for equality of three proportions was used. No significant difference was found among the proportions of boys choosing to write from the three treatment groups ip > . 05). There was a significant difference for girls ip < . 05). Post hoc analyses indicated that the proportion of girls choosing to write from the control group was significantly larger than the proportion of girls choosing to write from the class discussion group.
Desenvolvimento, Capital Social e Política Social: Estratégias de Combate à Pobreza e à exclusão Social no Brasil

This work searchs to present a study on the thematic ones: development and social capital, that come being thought, for different you discipline of the knowledge, as strategies of combat to the inaquality, the poverty and the social exclusion in Brazil. The accomplishment of this study becomes of basic importance for the country, a time that exists a great difficulty of the standard of adopted economic growth, based, over all, in economic variable, as, for example, the PIB, in equating these problems. This difficulty contributed for construction of a new conception of development and more just sustainable, where if it introduced the social capital as important element of this process. The social capital comes being thought as an element that can propitiate social welfare individuals and to improve the performance of the public institutions, mainly when generated through the social politics.
Datafication, dataism and dataveillance: Big Data between scientific paradigm and ideology

Metadata and data have become a regular currency for citizens to pay for their communication services and security—a trade-off that has nestled into the comfort zone of most people. This article deconstructs the ideological grounds of datafication. Datafication is rooted in problematic ontological and epistemological claims. As part of a larger social media logic, it shows characteristics of a widespread secular belief. Dataism, as this conviction is called, is so successful because masses of people — naively or unwittingly — trust their personal information to corporate platforms. The notion of trust becomes more problematic because people’s faith is extended to other public institutions (e.g. academic research and law enforcement) that handle their (meta)data. The interlocking of government, business, and academia in the adaptation of this ideology makes us want to look more critically at the entire ecosystem of connective media.
Relevance of the Number of Positive Bottles in Determining Clinical Significance of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in Blood Cultures

ABSTRACT Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are the most commonly isolated contaminants from blood cultures, yet they frequently cause true infections. Determining the clinical significance of CNS is difficult, and clinicians often consider the number of positive bottles within a set of blood culture bottles in their assessment. Therefore, in three separate studies, we counted the number of positive bottles within blood culture sets comprising two, three, or four bottles in order to predict whether or not CNS were clinically significant isolates (CSI) in adult patients with suspected sepsis. Each culture was evaluated by independent, published clinical criteria to determine its clinical importance. Of 486 positive sets that included two adequately filled bottles, 127 (26%) CNS were CSI, 329 (67%) were contaminants, and 30 (6%) were indeterminate as a cause of sepsis. Among CSI, 39 and 61% were isolated from one and two bottles, respectively. The positive predictive value for sepsis was 18% when one bottle was positive and 37% when both bottles were positive. Of 235 positive sets that included three adequately filled bottles, 81 (34%) were CSI, 109 (46%) were contaminants, and 45 (19%) were indeterminate as a cause of sepsis. Of CSI, 43, 38, and 19% were found in one, two, and three bottles, respectively. The positive predictive value for sepsis was 28, 52, and 30% when one, two and three bottles were positive. Of 303 positive blood culture sets that included four adequately filled bottles, 64 (21%) were considered CSI, 197 (65%) were contaminants, and 42 (14%) were indeterminate as a cause of sepsis. Of CSI, 27, 28, 19, and 27% were found in one, two, three, and four bottles, respectively. The positive predictive value for sepsis was 11, 30, 34, and 37% when one, two, three, and four bottles were positive. We conclude that the number of culture bottles positive in a given culture set cannot reliably predict the clinical significance of the CNS isolated and, therefore, should not be used as a criterion for determining whether or not an isolate represents true infection or contamination.
Case report: drug-induced gingival overgrowth associated with the use of a calcium channel blocker (amlodipine).

INTRODUCTION Many factors can contribute to the development of gingival overgrowth (hyperplasia), including: plaque control; periodontal variables; medications and their relative dose; age; sex; and, genetic factors. Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker commonly reported to result in drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO). This report outlines a case of gingival overgrowth induced by amlodipine (a calcium channel blocker less frequently reported to cause gingival hyperplasia), exacerbated by the presence of plaque. CASE REPORT A 63-year-old male presented to the dental outpatient clinic at the Dublin Dental University Hospital with severe DIGO. He reported that his gums had started to enlarge two years previously, but that he was now concerned as they were increasing in size and had become firmer. Medically, the patient had hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, was taking amlodipine 10mg once daily, and was a former smoker. Following initial oral hygiene instruction and local debridement to reduce the gingival inflammation, some of the remaining excess gingival tissues were removed surgically and sent for histopathological analysis. DISCUSSION Two possible causative agents were identified as: (i) amlodipine medication; and, (ii) poor plaque control. The removal of the pedunculated lump mesial to tooth 1-3 and the hyperplastic mandibular gingiva allowed for definite histopathological analysis of "fibroepithelial overgrowth showing moderate chronic inflammation". Following the excisional biopsies there was improved access for professional and at home cleaning, in addition to an improved aesthetic outcome. CONCLUSION It is important that we are aware that individuals taking calcium channel blockers need to demonstrate excellent plaque control to reduce their risk of developing DIGO, and to reduce its severity should it arise.
Phenytoin-induced cleft palate: evidence for embryonic cardiac bradyarrhythmia due to inhibition of delayed rectifier K+ channels resulting in hypoxia-reoxygenation damage.

BACKGROUND Phenytoin (PHT) teratogenicity has been related to embryonic arrhythmia due to the capacity of PHT to block I(K) channels pharmacologically, resulting in hypoxia-reoxygenation damage. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the proposed mechanism. METHODS Pregnant CD-1 mice were given PHT (85 mg/kg) or saline intraperitoneally on gestational days 10-11. Embryonic heart rhythm and presence of hemorrhage in orofacial region was recorded on day 12, fetuses were examined for malformations on day 18. Embryonic heart rate was also recorded on individual days after dosing days 9-16. In addition, PHT was given at doses of 10, 25, or 85 mg/kg on day 12 for analysis of plasma concentrations. RESULTS PTH-induced bradycardia and arrhythmia in approximately 20% of the embryos, 48% showed hemorrhage in the orofacial region; 39% of the fetuses had cleft palate. The region in which hemorrhages were visible in the embryo corresponded with the region where tissue deficiency (cleft palate) was visible in the fetus at term. None of the controls showed hemorrhages, dysrhythmia, or cleft palate. PHT affected embryonic heart rates on days 9-13, but not on days 14-16. Single dose administration on day 12, the most sensitive day, resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in embryonic heart rate (12-34%). Embryonic arrhythmia occurred at 25 and 85, but not at 10 mg/kg or in the controls. Mean maternal free plasma concentrations were 6 and 14 micromol/L in the 10- and 25-mg/kg groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS PHT-induced cleft palate was preceded by embryonic dysrhythmia and hemorrhage in the orofacial region. Embryonic heart rhythm was phase specifically affected, as described for selective I(Kr) channel blockers, at clinically relevant concentrations. The results support the idea that PHT teratogenicity is a consequence of pharmacologically induced dysrhythmia and hypoxia-related damage.
1. Implicit and Explicit Learning, Knowledge and Instruction

(1) Implicit learning proceeds without making demands on central attentional resources. As N. Ellis (2008: 125) puts it, ‘generalizations arise from conspiracies of memorized utterances collaborating in productive schematic linguistic productions’. Thus, the resulting knowledge is subsymbolic, reflecting statistical sensitivity to the structure of the learned material. In contrast, explicit learning typically involves memorizing a series of successive facts and thus makes heavy demands on working memory. As a result, it takes place consciously and results in knowledge that is symbolic in nature (i.e. it is represented in explicit form). (2) In the case of implicit learning, learners remain unaware of the learning that has taken place, although it is evident in the behavioral responses they make. Thus, learners cannot verbalize what they have learned. In the case of explicit learning, learners are aware that they have learned something and can verbalize what they have learned.
The proximity and the directional theories of issue voting: Comparative results for the USA and Germany

In several recent studies George Rabinowitz and his co-authors challenge the ‘classical’ spatial model of issue voting, the proximity model, by introducing a directional model. In this article we examine whether different measurement of perceived issue positions of candidates or parties leads to diverging judgments about the predictive power of the directional model (which is claimed to be empirically superior), as compared to the proximity model, using data from the USA and Germany. The results demonstrate that the measurement preferred by Rabinowitz et al. tends to bias empirical findings in favour of directional theory. If we use a more plausible operational definition of issue positions of candidates and parties the directional model in both countries fails to turn out superior.
[Effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide on airway inflammation and Th17/Treg balance in asthmatic mice].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on the airway inflammation and its regulatory effect on Th17/Treg imbalance in asthmatic mice. METHODS A total of 30 BALB/c mice were equally and randomly divided into three groups: control, asthma, and VIP. An acute asthmatic mouse model was established by sensitization and challenge with ovalbumin (OVA). The control group received normal saline instead of OVA. Before the challenge with OVA, the VIP group was administered VIP (20 μg/mL) by aerosol inhalation for 30 minutes. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the lung tissue were collected from mice. The pathological changes in the lung tissue were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of Th17/Treg-related cytokines in BALF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The histopathological results showed that the VIP group had milder symptoms of airway inflammation than the asthma group. The level of IL-17 in BALF in the asthma group was significantly higher than that in the control group and the VIP group (P<0.01), but the level of IL-17 in the control group was significantly lower than that in the VIP group (P<0.01). The level of IL-10 in BALF in the asthma group was significantly lower than that in the control group and the VIP group (P<0.01, but the level of IL-10 in the VIP group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The asthma group showed significantly higher expression levels of RORγt mRNA and protein in the lung tissue and significantly lower expression levels of Foxp3 mRNA and protein than the control group (P<0.01). The VIP group had significantly lower expression levels of RORγt mRNA and protein in the lung tissue and significantly higher expression levels of Foxp3 mRNA and protein than the asthma group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The Th17/Treg imbalance may be closely related to the airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. VIP can improve airway inflammation by regulating the Th17/Treg imbalance in asthmatic mice.
A survey of small RNA-encoding genes in Escherichia coli.

Small RNA (sRNA) molecules have gained much interest lately, as recent genome-wide studies have shown that they are widespread in a variety of organisms. The relatively small family of 10 known sRNA-encoding genes in Escherichia coli has been significantly expanded during the past two years with the discovery of 45 novel genes. Most of these genes are still uncharacterized and their cellular roles are unknown. In this survey we examined the sequence and genomic features of the 55 currently known sRNA-encoding genes in E.coli, attempting to identify their common characteristics. Such characterization is important for both expanding our understanding of this unique gene family and for improving the methods to predict and identify sRNA-encoding genes based on genomic information.
Language Ideology, Gender, and Varieties of Belizean Kriol

This article reports on a study of attitudes, gender, and prestige with respect to Kriol, the Afro-Belizean language of Belize. We ask a fundamental question of whether genders in two Belizean communities perceive prestige and prestigious linguistic objects in the same way. We used a verbal-guise test with 141 participants, collecting both quantitative and qualitative data in Belize City and Punta Gorda, and tested attitudes toward two varieties of Kriol. We found that the variety spoken in Belize City, which is closer to the traditional Kriol vernacular, is held in higher regard than that spoken in Punta Gorda, and that there is little difference between genders in this respect. This is interesting in terms of sociolinguistic thought, as stronger preference for the vernacular is generally associated with men. We attribute this to a rise of post-independence nationalism, globalization of the coastal economy, and the growing language rights movement in Belize.