Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
2 Antagonisms over Path Control

The current Internet is characterized by a growing tension between the “core” (the Internet service providers) and the ”edge” (the operators of edge networks and distributed applications). Much of this tension concerns path visibility and control – where traffic goes (route control), where traffic comes from (path identification and filtering), and what happened in between (monitoring and accountability). We argue that this conflict harms both the core and the edge and that, to resolve it, we have to expose the Autonomous System (AS) as a first-class Internet object. This would map the functional structure of the Internet (the granularity at wh ich edge systems can observe and control their traffic) to the organizational one (a graph of ASes). We argue that providing a well-defined interface between core and edge ASes offers significant benefits to both of them.
Utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks for Medical Image Registration

Many traditional computer vision tasks, such as segmentation, have seen large step-changes in accuracy and/or speed with the application of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Image registration, the alignment of two or more images to a common space, is a fundamental step in many medical imaging workflows. In this paper we investigate whether these techniques can also bring tangible benefits to the registration task. We describe and evaluate the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for both monoand multimodality registration and compare their performance to more traditional schemes, namely multi-scale, iterative regis-
Endonuclease heteroduplex mismatch cleavage for detecting mutation genetic variation of trypsin inhibitors in soybean

The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic variation of trypsin inhibitor in cultivated (Glycine max L.) and wild (Glycine soja Siebold & Zucc.) soybean varieties. Genetic variations of the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor, represented by a 21‐kD protein (KTI), and of the Bowman‐Birk trypsin–chymotrypsin inhibitor (BBI) were evaluated in cultivated (G. max) and wild (G. soja) soybean varieties. Endonuclease heteroduplex mismatch cleavage assays were performed to detect mutations in the KTI gene, with a single‐stranded specific nuclease obtained from celery extracts (CEL I). The investigated soybean varieties showed low level of genetic variation in KTI and BBI. PCR‐RFLP analysis divided the BBI‐A type into subtypes A1 and A2, and showed that Tib type of KTI is the dominant type. Digestion with restriction enzymes was not able to detect differences between ti‐null and other types of Ti alleles, while the endonuclease heteroduplex mismatch cleavage assay with CEL I could detect ti‐null type. The digestion method with CEL I provides a simple and useful genetic tool for SNP analysis. The presented method can be used as a tool for fast and useful screening of desired genotypes in future breeding programs of soybean.
Memorize or generalize? Searching for a compositional RNN in a haystack

Neural networks are very powerful learning systems, but they do not readily generalize from one task to the other. This is partly due to the fact that they do not learn in a compositional way, that is, by discovering skills that are shared by different tasks, and recombining them to solve new problems. In this paper, we explore the compositional generalization capabilities of recurrent neural networks (RNNs). We first propose the lookup table composition domain as a simple setup to test compositional behaviour and show that it is theoretically possible for a standard RNN to learn to behave compositionally in this domain when trained with standard gradient descent and provided with additional supervision. We then remove this additional supervision and perform a search over a large number of model initializations to investigate the proportion of RNNs that can still converge to a compositional solution. We discover that a small but non-negligible proportion of RNNs do reach partial compositional solutions even without special architectural constraints. This suggests that a combination of gradient descent and evolutionary strategies directly favouring the minority models that developed more compositional approaches might suffice to lead standard RNNs towards compositional solutions.
Mechanisms of Hydrodynamically Induced In-Plane Deformation of Reinforcement Textiles in Resin Injection Processes

The effects of hydrodynamically induced textile deformation during resin injection in Liquid Composites Molding processes have been experimentally investigated for various fiber volume fractions in a rectangular flow channel with linear injection gate. For layups from bi-directional ±45° engineered glass fiber fabric, three deformation effects have been identified: Wrinkling of the topmost fabric layer for low fiber volume fractions, instantaneous in-plane compression of the layup during fiber wetting for intermediate fiber volume fractions, delayed in-plane compression of the wetted part of the fabric for high fiber volume fractions. The deformation behavior is determined by the fabric stiffness and the fixation in the flow channel due to clamping. The fabric has been experimentally characterized with respect to compressibility and coefficient of static friction in order to understand the clamping effect. The injection pressure, which is critical for deformation, has been determined as function of the fiber volume fraction, i.e. as function of the clamping pressure. The characteristics of the function have been correlated with the three observed deformation effects. A simple mechanical model for description of layup displacement and compression, implying visco-elastic behavior of the fabric and clamping with friction on the flow channel walls for various impregnation states, is presented.
Glandular Lesions of the Cervix on Thin-Layer Pap Tests

OBJECTIVE To determine the cytologic features that are most helpful in characterizing significant glandular lesions of the cervix observed on the ThinPrep (TP) Pap test (Cytyc Corp., Boxborough, Massachusetts, U.S.A.) and to compare these features with those published for conventional smears. STUDY DESIGN Thirty-nine TP preparations with cytologic evidence of glandular lesions of the cervix and histologic and/or clinical correlation were studied. These lesions included (1) 11 cases of benign/reactive conditions; (2) 10 cases of adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), of which 1 had both AIS and carcinoma in situ; (3) 1 case of invasive adenocarcinoma; (4) 15 cases of squamous intraepithelial lesions and squamous cell carcinoma, including 4 with glandular involvement, and (5) 2 cases of adenosquamous cell carcinoma. These cases were reviewed by the first author without knowledge of the histologic diagnosis. Twenty-five previously published cytologic criteria were used to evaluate glandular cells on TP slides. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test to determine the significance of the features studied. RESULTS All glandular lesions had cytologic features on TP similar to those previously described on conventional smears. However, TP slides demonstrated enhanced nuclear features but less-preserved architectural patterns. Reactive lesions showed minimal overlapping without hyperchromasia or mitotic figures and with normal nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios. AIS and invasive adenocarcinoma cases had similar features. Increased cellularity and overcrowding were prominent, whereas feathering, rosettes and cell strips were present but subtle. CONCLUSION Glandular lesions of the cervix on TP slides shared many of the characteristic features reported for conventional smears. However, nuclear details were more pronounced in TP slides, while architectural patterns, although present, were relatively subtle.
Genomes of Fasciola hepatica from the Americas Reveal Colonization with Neorickettsia Endobacteria Related to the Agents of Potomac Horse and Human Sennetsu Fevers

Food borne trematodes (FBTs) are an assemblage of platyhelminth parasites transmitted through the food chain, four of which are recognized as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Fascioliasis stands out among the other NTDs due to its broad and significant impact on both human and animal health, as Fasciola sp. , are also considered major pathogens of domesticated ruminants. Here we present a reference genome sequence of the common liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica isolated from sheep, complementing previously reported isolate from cattle. A total of 14,642 genes were predicted from the 1.14 GB genome of the liver fluke. Comparative genomics indicated that F. hepatica Oregon and related food-borne trematodes are metabolically less constrained than schistosomes and cestodes, taking advantage of the richer millieux offered by the hepatobiliary organs. Protease families differentially expanded between diverse trematodes may facilitate migration and survival within the heterogeneous environments and niches within the mammalian host. Surprisingly, the sequencing of Oregon and Uruguay F. hepatica isolates led to the first discovery of an endobacteria in this species. Two contigs from the F. hepatica Oregon assembly were joined to complete the 859,205 bp genome of a novel Neorickettsia endobacterium (nFh) closely related to the etiological agents of human Sennetsu and Potomac horse fevers. Immunohistochemical studies targeting a Neorickettsia surface protein found nFh in specific organs and tissues of the adult trematode including the female reproductive tract, eggs, the Mehlis’ gland, seminal vesicle, and oral suckers, suggesting putative routes for fluke-to-fluke and fluke-to-host transmission. The genomes of F. hepatica and nFh will serve as a resource for further exploration of the biology of F. hepatica, and specifically its newly discovered trans-kingdom interaction with nFh and the impact of both species on disease in ruminants and humans.
Research of Emotion Recognition Based on Speech and Facial Expression

The paper introduced the present status of speech emotion recognition. In order to improve the single-mode emotion recognition rate, the bimodal fusion method based on speech and facial expression was proposed. The emotional databases of Chinese speech and facial expressions were established with the noise stimulus and movies evoking subjects' emtion. On the foundation, we analyzed the acoustic features of Chinese speech signals under different emotional states, and obtained the general laws of prosodic feature parameters. We discussed the single-mode speech emotion recognitions based on the prosodic features and the geometric features of facial expression. Then, the bimodal emotion recognition was obtained by the use of Gaussian Mixture Model. The experimental results showed that, the bimodal emotion recognition rate combined with facial expression was about 6% higher than the single-model recognition rate merely using prosodic features. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i1. 1873
Prediction of Depression among Senior Citizens using Machine Learning Classifiers

Depression among elderly population is an emerging problem of public health. Various socio demographic factors like age, sex, earning status, living spouse and family type etc are responsible for depression among senior people. Some co morbid conditions like visual problem, hearing difficulties, mobility problem also influence the disease. But depression can be diagnosed at earliest using predictive modeling with various influencing input variables. WEKA is a data mining tool used for prediction based on machine learning classifiers. In this paper five machine learning classifiers are compared with respect to three test options. A best method for depression prediction in aged persons also has been chosen among these five methods through comparison study.
Approval Voting Behavior in Doodle Polls

Doodle is a simple and popular online system for scheduling events. It is an implementation of the approval voting mechanism, where candidates are the time slots and each responder approves a subset of the slots. We analyze all the Doodle polls created in the US from JulySeptember 2011 (over 340,000 polls), consisting of both hidden polls (where you cannot see other people’s votes) and open polls (where you can see all the previous responses). By analyzing the differences in behavior in hidden and open polls, we gain unique insights into strategies that people apply in natural voting settings. Responders in open polls are more likely to approve slots that are very popular or very unpopular, but not intermediate slots. We show that this behavior is inconsistent with models that have been proposed in the voting literature, and propose a new model based on combining personal and social utilities to explain the data.
Light‐induced regulation of ligand‐gated channel activity

The control of ligand‐gated receptors with light using photochromic compounds has evolved from the first handcrafted examples to accurate, engineered receptors, whose development is supported by rational design, high‐resolution protein structures, comparative pharmacology and molecular biology manipulations. Photoswitchable regulators have been designed and characterized for a large number of ligand‐gated receptors in the mammalian nervous system, including nicotinic acetylcholine, glutamate and GABA receptors. They provide a well‐equipped toolbox to investigate synaptic and neuronal circuits in all‐optical experiments. This focused review discusses the design and properties of these photoswitches, their applications and shortcomings and future perspectives in the field.
Chronic stress, hippocampus and parvalbumin-positive interneurons: what do we know so far?

Abstract The hippocampus is a brain structure involved in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and stress response. It plays an important role in the formation of declarative, spatial and contextual memory, as well as in the processing of emotional information. As a part of the limbic system, it is a very susceptible structure towards the effects of various stressors. The molecular mechanisms of structural and functional alternations that occur in the hippocampus under chronic stress imply an increased level of circulating glucocorticoids (GCs), which is an HPA axis response to stress. Certain data show that changes induced by chronic stress may be independent from the GCs levels, opening the possibility of existence of other poorly explored mechanisms and pathways through which stressors act. The hippocampal GABAergic parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons represent an especially vulnerable population of neurons in chronic stress, which may be of key importance in the development of mood disorders. However, cellular and molecular hippocampal changes that arise as a consequence of chronic stress still represent a large and unexplored area. This review discusses the current knowledge about the PV+ interneurons of the hippocampus and the influence of chronic stress on this intriguing population of neurons.
Pressure sensing with optical fiber-tip air bubbles

Optical fiber-tip air bubbles are demonstrated for pressure sensing with ultrahigh sensitivity. The air bubble locates in the end facet of a single mode fiber (SMF) that spliced with a silica tube, which is naturally formed and acts as a compressible Fabry-Pérot interferometer (FPI) cavity when immersing the silica tube into liquid. The proposed device exhibits pressure sensitivity of <1000 nm/kPa. This kind of compressible FPI cavity may find potential applications in highly sensitive pressure and/or acoustic sensing.
Beware! Reduced Functional Capacity and Quality of Life with Increased Fatigue Level among the Breast Cancer Survivors Undergoing Chemotherapy in India

Sir, Breast cancer impact affects physical, social, psychological, and many other aspects of life among the cancer survivors. For the past two decades, there has been increasing number of studies highlighting the importance of physical activity and prevention, reduction, and reoccurrence of cancer. There is a paucity of information available on the functional capacity and quality of life (QoL) among the breast cancer survivors (BCS). The objective of this study is to determine the postchemotherapy changes on functional capacity and QoL among BCS. The functional capacity was determined by 6-min walk test (6MWT). [1] QoL was measured by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) breast cancer-specific QoL questionnaire (QLQ-BR23) (EORTC QLQ-BR23). [2] The EORTC QLQ-BR23 questionnaire consists of 23 items under two sections, function and symptom. The answers for each question are in a Likert scale format. This questionnaire contains two scales, namely, the functional scale and the symptom scale. In addition to the above, the fatigue level was monitored by Schwartz Cancer Fatigue Scale (SCFS). [3]
Towards Measuring the Effectiveness of Telephony Blacklists

The convergence of telephony with the Internet has led to numerous new attacks that make use of phone calls to defraud victims. In response to the increasing number of unwanted or fraudulent phone calls, a number of call blocking applications have appeared on smartphone app stores, including a recent update to the default Android phone app that alerts users of suspected spam calls. However, little is known about the methods used by these apps to identify malicious numbers, and how effective these methods are in practice. In this paper, we are the first to systematically investigate multiple data sources that may be leveraged to automatically learn phone blacklists, and to explore the potential effectiveness of such blacklists by measuring their ability to block future unwanted phone calls. Specifically, we consider four different data sources: user-reported call complaints submitted to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), complaints collected via crowd-sourced efforts (e.g., 800notes.com), call detail records (CDR) from a large telephony honeypot [1], and honeypot-based phone call audio recordings. Overall, our results show that phone blacklists are capable of blocking a significant fraction of future unwanted calls (e.g., more than 55%). Also, they have a very low false positive rate of only 0.01% for phone numbers of legitimate businesses. We also propose an unsupervised learning method to identify prevalent spam campaigns from different data sources, and show how effective blacklists may be as a defense against such campaigns.
Evaluation of a low-cost open-source gaze tracker

This paper presents a low-cost gaze tracking system that is based on a webcam mounted close to the user's eye. The performance of the gaze tracker was evaluated in an eye-typing task using two different typing applications. Participants could type between 3.56 and 6.78 words per minute, depending on the typing system used. A pilot study to assess the usability of the system was also carried out in the home of a user with severe motor impairments. The user successfully typed on a wall-projected interface using his eye movements.
Deep Packet Inspection as a Service

Middleboxes play a major role in contemporary networks, as forwarding packets is often not enough to meet operator demands, and other functionalities (such as security, QoS/QoE provisioning, and load balancing) are required. Traffic is usually routed through a sequence of such middleboxes, which either reside across the network or in a single, consolidated location. Although middleboxes provide a vast range of different capabilities, there are components that are shared among many of them. A task common to almost all middleboxes that deal with L7 protocols is Deep Packet Inspection (DPI). Today, traffic is inspected from scratch by all the middleboxes on its route. In this paper, we propose to treat DPI as a service to the middleboxes, implying that traffic should be scanned only once, but against the data of all middleboxes that use the service. The DPI service then passes the scan results to the appropriate middleboxes. Having DPI as a service has significant advantages in performance, scalability, robustness, and as a catalyst for innovation in the middlebox domain. Moreover, technologies and solutions for current Software Defined Networks (SDN) (e.g., SIMPLE [41]) make it feasible to implement such a service and route traffic to and from its instances.
The Dual RAF/MEK Inhibitor CH5126766/RO5126766 May Be a Potential Therapy for RAS-Mutated Tumor Cells

Although melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer, recent advances in BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors against BRAF-mutated melanoma have improved survival rates. Despite these advances, a treatment strategy targeting NRAS-mutated melanoma has not yet been elucidated. We discovered CH5126766/RO5126766 as a potent and selective dual RAF/MEK inhibitor currently under early clinical trials. We examined the activity of CH5126766/RO5126766 in a panel of malignant tumor cell lines including melanoma with a BRAF or NRAS mutation. Eight cell lines including melanoma were assessed for their sensitivity to the BRAF, MEK, or RAF/MEK inhibitor using in vitro growth assays. CH5126766/RO5126766 induced G1 cell cycle arrest in two melanoma cell lines with the BRAF V600E or NRAS mutation. In these cells, the G1 cell cycle arrest was accompanied by up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 and down-regulation of cyclinD1. CH5126766/RO5126766 was more effective at reducing colony formation than a MEK inhibitor in NRAS- or KRAS-mutated cells. In the RAS-mutated cells, CH5126766/RO5126766 suppressed the MEK reactivation caused by a MEK inhibitor. In addition, CH5126766/RO5126766 suppressed the tumor growth in SK-MEL-2 xenograft model. The present study indicates that CH5126766/RO5126766 is an attractive RAF/MEK inhibitor in RAS-mutated malignant tumor cells including melanoma.
Additively manufactured 3D porous Ti-6Al-4V constructs mimic trabecular bone structure and regulate osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and local factor production in a porosity and surface roughness dependent manner

Additive manufacturing by laser sintering is able to produce high resolution metal constructs for orthopedic and dental implants. In this study, we used a human trabecular bone template to design and manufacture Ti-6Al-4V constructs with varying porosity via laser sintering. Characterization of constructs revealed interconnected porosities ranging from 15–70% with compressive moduli of 2579–3693 MPa. These constructs with macro porosity were further surface-treated to create a desirable multi-scale micro-/nano-roughness, which has been shown to enhance the osseointegration process. Osteoblasts (MG63 cells) exhibited high viability when grown on the constructs. Proliferation (DNA) and alkaline phosphatase specific activity, an early differentiation marker, decreased as porosity increased, while osteocalcin, a late differentiation marker, as well as osteoprotegerin, vascular endothelial growth factor and bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 increased with increasing porosity. Three-dimensional (3D) constructs with the highest porosity and surface modification supported the greatest osteoblast differentiation and local factor production. These results indicate that additively manufactured 3D porous constructs mimicking human trabecular bone and produced with additional surface treatment can be customized for increased osteoblast response. Increased factors for osteoblast maturation and differentiation on high porosity constructs suggest the enhanced performance of these surfaces for increasing osseointegration in vivo.
HEVC fast CU mode decision using spatial SKIP mode information

HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) standard is ready to be launched for consumer electronics. With better coding efficiency, the coding complexity is high. We propose a fast CU (Coding Unit) depth decision algorithm based on SKIP mode information in the neighboring block to early terminate the CU splitting. Compared to the HEVC standard software, the proposed method can save by up to 41% of the time. The proposed method also saves by up to 16% of the time compared to a state-of-the-art work. The proposed method introduces very negligible losses in the video PSNR and bitrate.