Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of patchy metabolic labeling in the somatosensory cortex of cats: a possible role for intrinsic inhibitory circuitry

Despite repeated experimental demonstration that somatic stimulation leads to an intermittent, “column-like” pattern of 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) label in the somatosensory cortex, the functional significance of this pattern remains uncertain. A number of recent studies have suggested that the putative inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA may play an influential role in the cortical processing of sensory information. To test the possibility that GABA-mediated inhibitory processes might participate in the formation of the 2DG patches, the 2DG pattern obtained under “normal” experimental conditions was compared with the pattern observed when cortical inhibition was modified by topical application of the GABA antagonist, bicuculline methiodide (BIC). Under “normal” experimental conditions, we found that somatic stimulation led to an intermittent, patch like distribution of 2DG uptake in cat somatosensory cortex, which exhibited consistent features in animals studied using the same stimulus and experimental condition. Reconstructions of the stimulus-evoked activity patterns revealed that the label was confined to territories known to receive input from the stimulated body region and was organized into elongated strips. Topical application of BIC to the somatosensory cortex dramatically altered the dimension of the metabolic patches, which were often embedded in a field of elevated 2DG uptake. In BIC-treated hemispheres the average width of 2DG patches was 1266 microns, whereas the average width of patches in the opposite untreated hemisphere (elicited by identical stimuli) was 713 microns. Unfolded maps of the labeling pattern revealed that in the BIC-treated hemispheres adjacent “strips” of 2DG label tended to fuse, leading to a less intermittent distribution than that observed in the untreated hemispheres. An important role for GABA in the formation of the normal cortical response to somatic stimulation is suggested.
An Automated Flow to Map Throughput Constrained Applications to a MPSoC

This paper describes a design flow to map throughput constrained applications on a Multi-processor System-on-Chip (MPSoC). It integrates several state-of-the-art mapping and synthesis tools into an automated tool flow. This flow takes as input a throughput constrained application, modeled with a synchronous dataflow graph, a C-based implementation for each actor in the graph, and a template based architecture description. Using these inputs, the tool flow generates an MPSoC platform tailored to the application requirements and it subsequently maps the application to this platform. The output of the flow is an FPGA programmable bit file. An easily extensible template based architecture is presented, this architecture allows fast and flexible generation of a predictable platform that can be synthesized using the presented tool flow. The effectiveness of the tool flow is demonstrated by mapping an MJPEG-decoder onto our MPSoC platform. This case study shows that our flow is able to provide a tight, conservative bound on the worst-case throughput of the FPGA implementation. The presented tool flow is freely available at http://www.es. ele.tue.nl/mamps.
Seeing To it That: A Canonical Form for Agentives

J. L. Austin told us that “The beginning of sense, not to say wisdom, is to realize that ‘doing an action’, as used in philosophy, is a highly abstract expression — it is a stand-in used in the place of any (or almost any) verb with a personal subject. ” [Austin56; p. 178]. 1 In that paper he tried to throw light on the question of “doing an action” by looking at the range of cases in which excuses are offered both in everyday usage and in the law, and to arrive at a proper vocabulary for action by “induction” on the proper uses of words. Many years have passed, the lesson has been learned, and it is time for philosophy to go beyond the mere beginnings of sense and progress toward a deeper understanding of an agent doing an action. How should we proceed? Our suggestion is that the next step in the progression toward greater sense and wisdom is to have available the sort of clean and well honed linguistic resource that Austin, and other philosophers, have realized to be necessary. We think that the most promising path to a deeper understanding of an agent making a choice among alternatives that lead to action is to augment the language with a class of sentences whose fundamental syntactic and semantic structures are so well designed and easily understood that they illuminate not only their own operations but the nature and structure of the linguistic settings in which they function.
Evolutionary algorithms for clustering gene-expression data

This work deals with the problem of automatically finding optimal partitions in bioinformatics datasets. We propose incremental improvements for a clustering genetic algorithm (CGA) culminating in the evolutionary algorithm for clustering (EAC). The CGA and its modified versions are evaluated in five gene-expression datasets, showing that the proposed EAC is a promising tool for clustering gene-expression data.
Mining Atomic Chinese Abbreviation Pairs with a Probabilistic Single Character Word Recovery Model

An HMM-based Single Character Recovery (SCR) Model is proposed in this paper to extract a large set of “atomic abbreviation pairs”from a text corpus. By an “atomic abbreviation pair,”it refers to an abbreviated word and its root word (i.e., unabbreviated form) in which the abbreviation is a single Chinese character. This task is important since Chinese abbreviations cannot be enumerated exhaustively but the abbreviation process for Chinese compound words seems to be“compositional”; one can often decode an abbreviated word, such as “台大”(Taiwan University), character-by-character back to its root form, “台灣”plus “大 學”. With a large “atomic abbreviation dictionary,”one may be able to handle problems associated with multiple-character abbreviations more easily based on the compositional property of abbreviations.
A multi-scale tumor detection algorithm in whole breast sonography incorporating breast anatomy and tissue morphological information

A computerized whole breast ultrasound tumor detection method is proposed in this study. This algorithm can assist physicians to locate potential tumors when reading numerous 2D slices of ultrasound images. The proposed algorithm is composed of five steps. First, the modified fuzzy C-means bias correction method is applied to facilitate the second step of blob-like structrue detection. At the third step, the anomotically-impossible blob structures are eliminated with the aid of plate-like structure identification in the sonographic volume. At the fourth step, we conduct feature selection to find out useful features to profile the breast lesions. With the five selected useful features, at the last step, we adopt the logistic regression classifier to identify the real lesions from the pool of blob structure candidates. The proposed method is tested on 45 volume images acquired from 27 patients with totally 86 lesions. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) is used as the assessment metric to compare our method with the state-of-the-art detection method. The experimental results suggest that the proposed method has better detection performance for the 45 volume images.
Bootstrapping Language Neutral Term Extraction

A variety of methods exist for extracting terms and relations between terms from a corpus, each of them having strengths and weaknesses. Rather than just using the joint results, we apply different extraction methods in a way that the results of one method are input to another. This gives us the leverage to find terms and relations that otherwise would not be found. Our goal is to create a semantic model of a domain. To that end, we aim to find the complete terminology of the domain, consisting of terms and relations such as hyponymy and meronymy, and connected to generic wordnets and ontologies. Terms are ranked by domain-relevance only as a final step, after terminology extraction is completed. Because term relations are a large part of the semantics of a term, we estimate the relevance from its relation to other terms, in addition to occurrence and document frequencies. In the KYOTO project, we apply language-neutral terminology extraction from a parsed corpus for seven languages.
Co-Citation Analyses of Science: An Evaluation

For the past several years, Henry Small and collaborators1 have been arguing strongly on behalf of the utility of a technique called 'co-citation analysis' as a tool for understanding the specialty structure of science. Data which we have collected over the past two years on a specialty in elementary particle physics, the study of weak interactions,2 allow an evaluation of co-citation analysis, and we report the results in this Note. A series of claims for the technique of co-citation analysis have been made by Small and his colleagues. The first and most important claim is that co-citation clusters 'reflect the . cognitive structures of research specialties. '3 A second claim is that the 'current population of publishing specialists is . the group of citing authors for the cluster. '4 In other words, by using the Science Citation Index (SCI) to identify a cluster of papers which are then held to represent a narrow subject matter grouping or specialty, one can get back to the population of authors in the specialty as a whole by discovering who cites at least one pair of the papers in the cluster for a given year. A third claim, related to the second, is that 'using the same thresholds each year the growth of the specialty can be gauged in terms of the growth of the cluster. '5
ACCELERATING STRUGGLING READERS' PROGRESS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EXPERT OPINION AND CURRENT RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS

In this article, we review the findings of Rona Flippo's (1998) “Expert Study” within the comparative context of recently published reading research reports such as the National Reading Panel report ( National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2000 ) and Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children ( Snow, Burns, & Griffin, 1998 ). Does expert opinion square with research recommendations for helping young, struggling readers? Instructional practices that the experts categorized as either “making learning to read difficult” or “facilitating learning to read” are distilled into summary form. Areas of convergence and divergence between “expert opinion” and recent reading research recommendations are identified and discussed. Finally, recommendations of the “Expert Study” and recommendations of recent reading research reports are synthesized into a single set of instructional recommendations for accelerating the progress of struggling readers.
The entrepreneurial university: a strategy for institutional development

An entrepreneurial university must undertake two tasks: it must train future entrepreneurs, persons who will found their own businesses, and also develop an entrepreneurial spirit in students in all subject areas. Second, it must operate in an entrepreneurial manner itself, organizing business incubators, technology parks, and the like, involving students in these organizations and, through them, assisting students and graduates in the founding of businesses. Financial assistance to start‐ups should eventually be repaid to the given university from the profits made by the maturing companies and then be reinvested in new start‐ups. Thus the entrepreneurial university will contribute to the development of its region, and through co‐operation with other entities, to economic development in general.
Business conceptions of sustainable development: a perspective from critical theory

The discourse of sustainable development reflects the particular interests and ‘stakes in the ground’ of groups, including corporates, who contest the definition of the concept. Perspectives from critical theory, supplemented by Foucauldian concepts, expose the role of power and hegemony in that contestation. Applied to understandings of sustainable development held by corporate managers, they reveal conceptions largely based in eco-modernism and ‘political sustainability’. The preliminary outcomes of research in progress that is taking a dialectical approach to the examination of the discourse of sustainable development in New Zealand companies are discussed. A case is made for maintaining greater discursivity in corporations and the broader setting, since, in a Foucauldian sense, it is the discourse that is producing sustainable development. It is argued that the predominating ‘green business’ discourse engages only superficially with sustainable development, and that what is now needed is a discourse of business and sustainable development framed in critical theory. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
IFRS Adoption and Accounting Quality: A Review

Literature on IFRS adoption by countries concerning high quality, understandable and applicable IFRS in order to be worldwide accepted has generated a pertinent discussion, since the results presented in the literature are not unanimous on the adoption of IFRS and accounting quality. Soderstrom and Sun (2007) analyzed a research published in leading accounting journals selected from 1990’s on the consequences of IFRS adoption and found that the determinants of accounting quality after the adoption of these standards are articulated in: quality of the standards; political and judicial system in the country; financial reporting incentives. Based on Soderstrom and Sun (2007) study, this work aims to analyze literature on IFRS adoption and the accounting quality from 2006. In order to achieve this goal, a systematic search of the literature focused on a "Web of Science" database associated with a bibliometric analysis was done, aiming to understand the discussion on IFRS adoption and accounting quality in literature. As a result, it was found that the adoption of IFRS related to the accounting standard factors, political and judicial systems of the countries and the financial reporting incentives discussed by Soderstrom and Sun (2007) to determine the quality of accounting remains persistent. Overall, this analysis concludes that the quality of accounting cannot be evaluated only in terms of IFRS adoption, either on a voluntary or mandatory basis. The results of this study present at least two limitations: The studies on IFRS adoption researched, despite tackling institutional issues, do not show the real complexity of the reality, due to reduce the quality of the social context to the quality of economic rationality; and the alleged quality of standards based on principles is not enough to determine the quality of accounting.
A Parallel Framework for Image Segmentation Using Region Based Techniques

Segmentation is the partitioning of an image into multiple regions (sets of pixels) according to a given criterion. The goal of segmentation is typically to locate objects of interest within the image. A wide variety of methods and algorithms are available to deal with the problem of the segmentation of images (Fu and Mui, 1981; Haralick and Shapiro, 1985; Pal and Pal, 1993). These methods can be broadly classified into four categories (Zhu and Yuille, 1996): • Edge-based techniques. • Region-based techniques. • Deformable models. • Global optimization approaches. The edge-based techniques are based on information about the boundaries of the image. Therefore, they try to locate the points in which abrupt changes occur in the levels of some property of the image, typically brightness (Canny, 1986; Rosenfeld and Kak, 1982). On the other hand, those methods that use spatial information of the image (e.g. color or texture) to produce the segmented image fit into the region-based techniques (Chen et al., 1992; Sahoo et al., 1988). These methods depend on the consistency of some relevant property in the different regions of the image. The deformable models are based on curves or surfaces defined within an image that moves due to the influence of certain forces. They can be classified into various groups, principally snakes, deformable templates and active contours (Blake and Isard, 1998; Kass et al., 1988). All of these techniques avoid the use of a global criterion when segmenting the image, which is contrary to the global optimization approaches (Geman and Geman, 1984; Kanungo et al., 1994). In this work a unified framework for image segmentation is proposed. The technique consists of two stages: a parallel seeded region growing algorithm (PSRG) and a region merging heuristic (RM). In Figure 1 the functional scheme of the proposed algorithm is shown. In the first step, different segmentations, performed in parallel, of the same input image are obtained. Each of these segmentations, which from now on will be called partial segmentations, are also generated in parallel using different number of processors. This way, the region growing algorithm uses a two level parallelism. Next, a region merging heuristic is applied to the oversegmented image created as result of combining the different initial
A Model-Based Scalable Reliable Multicast Transport Protocol for Wireless/Mobile Networks

In this paper, we propose the design of a scalable reliable mobile multicast scheme-SRMoM. SRMoM uses well-known Scalable Reliable Multicast (SRM) in the wired networks and a NAK-based ARQ with adaptive Forward Error Correction (AFEC) in the wireless networks. In AFEC, the probability of needing retransmission of original multicast packets after FEC recovery is selectable. This selective property enables the control of channel utilization in the wireless segment for different numbers of Mobile Hosts (MHs). Using this property, the channel utilization of SRMoM is made to be virtually independent of the number of MHs, thus making it extremely scalable. The performance of SRMoM is analyzed with three adaptive FEC algorithms based on three wireless loss models, namely a Gilbert-Elliott channel, a simplified Cilbert-Elliott channel, and a binary symmetric channel, analytically as well as through simulation. Furthermore, the performance of SRMoM is compared with SRM and MRMoM (NAK-based protocol without FEC) through simulation. Using the average number of transmissions per original multicast packet, and wireless link utilization as metrics, we demonstrate that the performance of SRMoM is indeed virtually independent of the number of MHs, and that it results in the lowest number of packet transmissions and lowest channel utilization of reliable mobile multicast protocols thai have been proposed to date.
Immunoregulation in human lymphatic filariasis: the role of interleukin 10

In humans with lymphatic filariasis microfilaremia is associated with a parasite antigen‐specific hyporesponsive‐ness when assessed by cell proliferation and secretion of interleukin‐2 and interferon‐γ. Hyporesponsiveness in these individuals is not only parasite antigen‐specific but appears to be limited to Th1‐type responses. Th2 mediated responses such as IL‐5 secretion and IgE antibody production to parasite antigens are generally strong and usually no different than those seen in immunologically more reactive amicrofilaremic individuals with chronic lymphatic pathology. The mechanisms by which Th1 responses are inhibited have not yet been elucidated, but some studies suggest that down‐regulatory cytokines such as IL‐10 may be involved in this process. Mononuclear cells from microfilaremic individuals have been found to secrete greater quantities of IL‐10 spontaneously and in response to parasite antigens. In this review, mechanisms by which IL‐10 may be induced by the parasite and the mode by which IL‐10 may regulate parasite antigen‐specific Th1 responses in these individuals are discussed.
Relationship between Self-Typicality and the In-Group Subtypes Effect

According to previous research, members of a social category draw a greater number of subtype distinctions within their own category than nonmembers do. But do category members themselves differ in the number of in-group subtype distinctions that they draw? In Study 1, students who considered themselves relatively typical of their fraternity or sorority listed a greater number of subtypes for their own than for other fraternities or sororities; students who considered themselves relatively atypical did not. In Study 2, athletes listed a greater number of subtypes for their own sports team if they were considered relatively typical by both themselves and teammates than if they were considered relatively typical only by themselves, only by teammates, or by neither. Possible explanations for the "in-group subtypes effect" are discussed.
The role of mitochondrial aconitate (ACO2) in human sperm motility

Abstract Deficiencies in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes have been shown to cause a wide spectrum of human diseases, including malignancies and neurological and cardiac diseases. In mammalian spermatozoa mitochondria, the TCA cycle is known to be a crucial metabolic pathway that contributes to produce ATP. There is little known about the role and mechanism of mitochondrial aconitase (ACO2), which is an important regulatory enzyme of the TCA cycle, in asthenozoospermia. In the current study, immunofluorescence staining localized ACO2 to the human sperm mid-piece. By immunoblotting, we demonstrated that the level of ACO2 protein in asthenozoospermic samples was significantly decreased compared with that in normal fertile men. Importantly, we first observed that co-incubation of isocitrate with low motile sperm suspensions significantly improved sperm motility, which might be due to elevated intracellular ATP. The improvement of the sperm motility by isocitrate may have important clinical implications in the treatment of asthenozoospermia and certainly warrants further investigation.
Monitoring system to keep suitable physical strength in exercise by body area network sensing system

Facilities for travel are developing conveniently in recent years. A lot of people do not exercise sufficiently in daily life. As a result, the life-style related diseases like high blood pressure and obesity increase. A moderate exercise is very important to keep a healthy body for them but it is too difficult to know how to exercise moderately. Then, this paper shows the audio advising system and method to keep a moderate exercise with heart rate (HR). Additionally, a user is able to choose the exercise level from light exercise to heavy exercise.
Differential Search Algorithm-based Parametric Optimization of Fuzzy Generalized Eigenvalue Proximal Support Vector Machine

Support Vector Machine (SVM) is an effective model for many classification problems. However, SVM needs the solution of a quadratic program which require specialized code. In addition, SVM has many parameters, which affects the performance of SVM classifier. Recently, the Generalized Eigenvalue Proximal SVM (GEPSVM) has been presented to solve the SVM complexity. In real world applications data may affected by error or noise, working with this data is a challenging problem. In this paper, an approach has been proposed to overcome this problem. This method is called DSA-GEPSVM. The main improvements are carried out based on the following: 1) a novel fuzzy values in the linear case. 2) A new Kernel function in the nonlinear case. 3) Differential Search Algorithm (DSA) is reformulated to find near optimal values of the GEPSVM parameters and its kernel parameters. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is able to find the suitable parameter values, and has higher classification accuracy compared with some other algorithms.