Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and Metabolic Profile of Free, Conjugated, and Total Silymarin Flavonolignans in Human Plasma after Oral Administration of Milk Thistle Extract

Silymarin, a mixture of polyphenolic flavonoids extracted from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), is composed mainly of silychristin, silydianin, silybin A, silybin B (SBB), isosilybin A (ISBA), and isosilybin B. In this study, the plasma concentrations of free (unconjugated), conjugated (sulfated and glucuronidated), and total (free and conjugated) silymarin flavonolignans were measured using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, after a single oral dose of 600 mg of standardized milk thistle extracts to three healthy volunteers. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that silymarin flavonolignans were rapidly eliminated with short half-lives (1–3 and 3–8 h for free and conjugated, respectively). The AUC0→∞ values of the conjugated silymarin flavonolignans were 4- to 30-fold higher than those of their free fractions, with SBB (mean AUC0→∞ = 51 and 597 μg · h/l for free and conjugated, respectively) and ISBA (mean AUC0→∞ = 30 and 734 μg · h/l for free and conjugated, respectively) exhibiting higher AUC0→∞ values in comparison with other flavonolignans. Near the plasma peak times (1–3 h), the free, sulfated, and glucuronidated flavonolignans represented approximately 17, 28, and 55% of the total silymarin, respectively. In addition, the individual silymarin flavonolignans exhibited quite different plasma profiles for both the free and conjugated fractions. These data suggest that, after oral administration, silymarin flavonolignans are quickly metabolized to their conjugates, primarily forming glucuronides, and the conjugates are primary components present in human plasma.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of subcutaneously administered U40 and U100 formulations of regular human insulin.

Action profiles of 12 U of regular human insulin (Actrapid HM) administered subcutaneously as a U40 or U100 formulation were studied. Euglycaemic glucose clamps were performed on two separate days in 8 healthy subjects (basal i.v. insulin infusion 0.1 mU/kg/min, plasma glucose 5.0 mmol/l, mean +/- SD age 25 +/- 2 years, BMI 22.7 +/- 1.4 kg/m2). Serum insulin concentrations increased after injection of U40 or U100 from similar baseline values to maximal individual concentrations of 305 +/- 79 vs. 285 +/- 62 pmol/l (NS) after 90 +/- 33 vs. 114 +/- 58 min (NS). Ten, 15, and 20 min post injection insulin concentrations were significantly higher by an average of 30 pmol/l after U40 insulin vs. U100 insulin (p less than 0.05). Glucose infusion rates increased from comparable baseline rates to maximal individual glucose infusion rates of 10.7 +/- 2.4 vs. 10.9 +/- 3.0 mg/kg/min (NS) after 172 +/- 51 vs. 169 +/- (39) min (NS). At the three time points when significantly different serum insulin concentrations occurred soon after insulin injection, glucose infusion rates were not significantly different between U40 and U100. Although small differences in insulin pharmacokinetics were detected early after s.c. insulin injection (U40 was absorbed faster than U100 insulin) the pharmacodynamics of the U40 and U100 formulation of regular human insulin appear to be comparable in healthy subjects.
ELMD: An Automatically Generated Entity Linking Gold Standard Dataset in the Music Domain

In this paper we present a gold standard dataset for Entity Linking (EL) in the Music Domain. It contains thousands of musical named entities such as Artist, Song or Record Label, which have been automatically annotated on a set of artist biographies coming from the Music website and social network Last.fm. The annotation process relies on the analysis of the hyperlinks present in the source texts and in a voting-based algorithm for EL, which considers, for each entity mention in text, the degree of agreement across three state-of-the-art EL systems. Manual evaluation shows that EL Precision is at least 94%, and due to its tunable nature, it is possible to derive annotations favouring higher Precision or Recall, at will. We make available the annotated dataset along with evaluation data and the code.
Alzheimer's, national bankruptcy, and hegemonic masculinities in Greece

This paper experiments with the tension between self-exploration and the production of scientific knowledge. It positions itself at the junction of ethnography and autobiography, with a bit of fiction added in. I interweave autobiographical narrative concerning my father in the period pre-dating a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s, with reflection, and hypothesis formulation, concerning my current research project on an ostensibly unrelated subject. My fieldwork focuses on the sovereign debt crisis in Athens, Greece and its impact on gendered and disparately nationalized subjectivities. I draw from personal life in yet another way here, as my research ‘field’ is where I currently live and work. Thus, the paper traces some of the ways with which emergent narratives based on physicalized crisis in ‘personal’ life, both my father’s Alzheimer’s and my own experience of national crisis discourse and austerity measures, produce ideas and writing that fuel ethnographic work on larger social realities, and their politics. Part of what surfaces at critical junctions, with some irony to be sure, is a broader process of self-exploration. Yet, part of the project here is to suggest that the ‘personal’ self, as we have come to know it in any case, as it is normalized and naturalized that is, should not be memorialized. The ability of individuals to adjust and survive, physically and emotionally, and the sharpening of critical theory aimed at resisting politics that totalize, whether the latter target people suffering from Alzheimer’s or populations in financial duress, are both contingent on the acknowledgement of the possibility that ‘preservation’ of a former sense of self is not necessarily beneficial. This paper argues that the self really is not something worthy of that much attention in those terms. [Alzheimer’s, autoethnography, hegemonic masculinity, subjectivity, Greece]
Caracterização da carga física de trabalho na cafeicultura do sul de Minas

O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi caracterizar a carga fisica de trabalho na cafeicultura familiar do sul de Minas Gerais. Doze trabalhadores tiveram suas frequencias cardiacas monitoradas e foram filmados na execucao de cada uma das subtarefas caracteristicas da cafeicultura, em condicoes de terreno plano e em declive. A avaliacao das posturas corporais adotadas e das acoes operacoes efetuadas foi obtida atraves do software "Captiv". Para identificacao das principais areas dolorosas foi utilizado o diagrama de Corlett e a escala RPE Borg foi o instrumento usado para realizar a avaliacao subjetiva do esforco percebido nas subtarefas da cafeicultura. Buscou-se correlacionar os resultados das avaliacoes e interpreta-los a luz da observacao das atividades dos trabalhadores. As exigencias cardiovasculares mais significativas ocorreram nas subtarefas de adubacao foliar, adubacao a lanco, secagem e armazenamento, classificando-as como trabalho moderado. A colheita e a desbrota foram as subtarefas que apresentaram maior variabilidade de combinacoes posturais: a colheita devido a variedade de acoes operacionais; a desbrota, apesar de uma unica acao operacional relevante, por conta da propria natureza da tarefa. Tanto os indicadores cardiovasculares como os biomecânicos nao revelaram diferencas estatisticamente significativas entre as subtarefas desenvolvidas pelos trabalhadores em condicoes de terreno plano e em declive. Os resultados sugerem que o metodo adotado para avaliar as subtarefas com a combinacao de diferentes indicadores ? frequencia cardiaca, combinacoes posturais, manifestacao de desconforto corporal e esforco percebido ? , mostrou-se adequado para caracterizar a carga fisica de trabalho da cafeicultura familiar do sul de Minas Gerais. Abstract
Relationship of early life stress and psychological functioning to blood pressure in the CARDIA study.

OBJECTIVE Low childhood socioeconomic status (CSES) and a harsh early family environment have been linked with health disorders in adulthood. In this study, the authors present a model to help explain these links and relate the model to blood pressure change over a 10-year period in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults sample. DESIGN Participants (N = 2,738) completed measures of childhood family environment, parental education, health behavior, and adult negative emotionality. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES These variables were used to predict initial systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively) and the rate of blood pressure change over 10 years. RESULTS Structural equation modeling indicated that family environment was related to negative emotions, which in turn predicted baseline DBP and SBP and change in SBP. Parental education directly predicted change in SBP. Although African American participants had higher SBP and DBP and steeper increases over time, multiple group comparisons indicated that the strength of most pathways was similar across race and gender. CONCLUSION Low CSES and harsh family environments help to explain variability in cardiovascular risk. Low CSES predicted increased blood pressure over time directly and also indirectly through associations with childhood family environment, negative emotionality, and health behavior.
An Analysis on Commissive Utterances in the Film Entitled “The Gods Must Be Crazy” and Its Implication on Teaching Speaking

Rizqi Arum Prastuti. K2210075. Analysis on Commissive Utterances in the Film Entitled “The Gods Must be Crazy” and Its Implication on Teaching Speaking. Thesis. English Department. Teacher Training and Education Faculty. Sebelas Maret University. Surakarta. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The sources of the data are the film entitled “The Gods Must be Crazy” and its transcript. The aims of this research are 1) to find out the types of commissive utterances used by the characters in the film entitled “The God Must be Crazy”, 2) to describe how the characters use the strategy in uttering commissive utterances, and 3) to describe the context of situation in which each commissive utterance is used by the characters of the film entitled “The Gods Must be Crazy”. To achieve the aims, the data are analyzed using (1) Austin’s three acts to infer the illocutionary act of each utterance, (2) Searle’s theory to identify the type of the commissive utterances, and (3) Beebe et al. and Charter’s theories to describe the strategy in employing the commissive utterances. The writer also uses Ethnography of Communication with SPEAKING formula as the guideline to describe the context of situation. The findings of this research are 1) the types of commissive utterances employed by the characters of the film entitled “The Gods Must be Crazy” are promise, refusal, threat, and offer; 2) most of characters in the film entitled “The Gods Must be Crazy” use indirect speech acts in general, and in employing commissive utterances, most of the characters uses explanation, excuse or reason in employing refusals, using If-then in employing threat, using interrogative with modal and justification in employing offers; 3) the factors like social status of the interlocutors, the relationship between the participants, and the situation when the conversation occurs do influence the way of the characters in the film entitled “the Gods Must be Crazy” in choosing the strategy of employing the utterances. Keywords: pragmatic, speech act, commissive
Acteoside inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 cells through ERK activation and tyrosinase down‐regulation

Objectives Acteoside is a phenylpropanoid glycoside extracted from the leaves of Rehmannia glutinosa that displays various biological activities. In this study, we tested the effects of acteoside on tyrosinase activity and melanin biosynthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. We also explored molecular mechanisms for the inhibition of melanogenesis observed, focusing on the signalling pathway of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK).
Budget balanced mechanisms for the multicast pricing problem with rates

Multicast transmissions allow huge savings of network traffic compared to unicast transmissions when the same data is sent to a lot of users. These savings are achieved by the fact that users may “share” links, since each node in a multicast network can send an incoming transmission to an arbitrary number of neighbours. If there are costs incurred when using an edge, then this sharing is an obstacle for pricing. Formally, the (binary) multicast pricing problem is defined as follows: Let G = (V, E) be an edge weighted undirected graph. The graph G models the underlying network, edge weight ce represents the costs for using edge e. There is a distinguished set N ⊆ V of users. Furthermore, there is a node r / ∈ N , the service provider. A cost-sharing mechanism determines which users receive the transmission and assigns a price to each of these users. Each user i ∈ N has a (secret) utility ui. He derives utility ui from getting the transmission. If i gets the transmission at price xi, his individual welfare is ui−xi. If i does not get the transmission, his welfare is −xi. However, the cost-sharing mechanism does not a priori know the values ui. It has to rely on the users to report these ∗A full version of this work is available as SIIM-TR-A-03-02 from www.tcs. uni-luebeck.de/pages/blaeser/. †Supported by DFG research grant BL 511/5-1.
Scene-level Programming by Demonstration

Scene-level Programming by Demonstration (PbD) is faced with an important challenge - perceptual uncertainty. Addressing this problem, we present a scene-level PbD paradigm that programs robots to perform goal-directed manipulation in unstructured environments with grounded perception. Scene estimation is enabled by our discriminatively-informed generative scene estimation method (DIGEST). Given scene observations, DIGEST utilizes candidates from discriminative object detectors to generate and evaluate hypothesized scenes of object poses. Scene graphs are generated from the estimated object poses, which in turn is used in the PbD system for high-level task planning. We demonstrate that DIGEST performs better than existing method and is robust to false positive detections. Building a PbD system on DIGEST, we show experiments of programming a Fetch robot to set up a tray for delivery with various objects through demonstration of goal scenes.
Charge Injection From Carbon Nanofibers Into Hexane Under Ambient Conditions

The observation of charge injection from carbon nanofibers (CNFs) into liquid hexane under ambient conditions is reported. A CNF-coated electrode and a counter electrode are brought into micrometer proximity in a quasi-parallel geometry using a strain-gauge-based proximity sensor. Controlled charge injection is obtained at interelectrode distances of 4, 6, 9, and 15 μm. The resulting emission current shows an onset of about 3 V/μm , and it follows the Fowler-Nordheim behavior. The work reported here opens new applications for free electron chemistry in liquids and novel liquid field emitter devices.
Effects and dose–response relationships of resistance training on physical performance in youth athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives To quantify age, sex, sport and training type-specific effects of resistance training on physical performance, and to characterise dose–response relationships of resistance training parameters that could maximise gains in physical performance in youth athletes. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies. Data sources Studies were identified by systematic literature search in the databases PubMed and Web of Science (1985–2015). Weighted mean standardised mean differences (SMDwm) were calculated using random-effects models. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Only studies with an active control group were included if these investigated the effects of resistance training in youth athletes (6–18 years) and tested at least one physical performance measure. Results 43 studies met the inclusion criteria. Our analyses revealed moderate effects of resistance training on muscle strength and vertical jump performance (SMDwm 0.8–1.09), and small effects on linear sprint, agility and sport-specific performance (SMDwm 0.58–0.75). Effects were moderated by sex and resistance training type. Independently computed dose–response relationships for resistance training parameters revealed that a training period of >23 weeks, 5 sets/exercise, 6–8 repetitions/set, a training intensity of 80–89% of 1 repetition maximum (RM), and 3–4 min rest between sets were most effective to improve muscle strength (SMDwm 2.09–3.40). Summary/conclusions Resistance training is an effective method to enhance muscle strength and jump performance in youth athletes, moderated by sex and resistance training type. Dose–response relationships for key training parameters indicate that youth coaches should primarily implement resistance training programmes with fewer repetitions and higher intensities to improve physical performance measures of youth athletes.
The cdx Genes and Retinoic Acid Control the Positioning and Segmentation of the Zebrafish Pronephros

Kidney function depends on the nephron, which comprises a blood filter, a tubule that is subdivided into functionally distinct segments, and a collecting duct. How these regions arise during development is poorly understood. The zebrafish pronephros consists of two linear nephrons that develop from the intermediate mesoderm along the length of the trunk. Here we show that, contrary to current dogma, these nephrons possess multiple proximal and distal tubule domains that resemble the organization of the mammalian nephron. We examined whether pronephric segmentation is mediated by retinoic acid (RA) and the caudal (cdx) transcription factors, which are known regulators of segmental identity during development. Inhibition of RA signaling resulted in a loss of the proximal segments and an expansion of the distal segments, while exogenous RA treatment induced proximal segment fates at the expense of distal fates. Loss of cdx function caused abrogation of distal segments, a posterior shift in the position of the pronephros, and alterations in the expression boundaries of raldh2 and cyp26a1, which encode enzymes that synthesize and degrade RA, respectively. These results suggest that the cdx genes act to localize the activity of RA along the axis, thereby determining where the pronephros forms. Consistent with this, the pronephric-positioning defect and the loss of distal tubule fate were rescued in embryos doubly-deficient for cdx and RA. These findings reveal a novel link between the RA and cdx pathways and provide a model for how pronephric nephrons are segmented and positioned along the embryonic axis.
(S)-(−)-1-Phenylethanaminium 4-(4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-3a,4a-diaza-4-borata-s-indacen-8-yl)benzoate

The title compound, C8H12N+·C20H18BF2N2O2 −, crystallizes with a significant amount of void space [4.0 (5)%] in the unit cell. The structure displays N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding between the components. The plane formed by the benzoic acid moiety of the BODIPY-CO2 − is twisted by 80.71 (6)° relative to the plane formed by the ring C and N atoms of the tetramethyldipyrrin portion of the molecule.
CMOS Compatible Fast Switching RF MEMS Varactors

This paper presents fast switching RF-MEMS CMOS compatible varactors. By introducing bended sides on a conventional air bridge, it is shown experimentally that the resonance frequency of aluminum bridges is increased by a factor 2.5. Based on miniature bridges design (around ten times smaller than standard MEMS varactors), presented devices allow to reach higher mechanical resonance frequencies, resulting in faster switching times. Several designs are presented with recorded resonance frequencies between 1 and 3 MHz and measured switching time under 600 ns
Covariance fields

We introduce and study covariance fields of distributions on a Riemannian manifold. At each point on the manifold, covariance is defined to be a symmetric and positive definite (2,0)-tensor. Its product with the metric tensor specifies a linear operator on the respected tangent space. Collectively, these operators form a covariance operator field. We show that, in most circumstances, covariance fields are continuous. We also solve the inverse problem: recovering distribution from a covariance field. Surprisingly, this is not possible on Euclidean spaces. On non-Euclidean manifolds however, covariance fields are true distribution representations.
Discontinuities in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus corresponding to the optic disc: A comparative study

A cylindrical cellular discontinuity commonly occurs in lateral geniculate layers that are innervated by the contralateral eye. Such a discontinuity has been found in a variety of mammalian species, including carnivores, primates, a rodent and a marsupial. Electrophysiological evidence obtained from some of these species shows that the discontinuity corresponds to the blind spot. It is concluded that the representation of the retina within the lateral geniculate nucleus is extremely accurate, since the retinal receptor layer and the geniculate layers have corresponding holes.
Assessing Personal Qualities in Medical School Admissions

The authors analyze the challenges to using academic measures (MCAT scores and GPAs) as thresholds for admissions and, for applicants exceeding the threshold, using personal qualities for admission decisions; review the literature on using the medical school interview and other admission data to assess personal qualities of applicants; identify challenges of developing better methods of assessing personal qualities; and propose a unified system for assessment. The authors discuss three challenges to using the threshold approach: institutional self-interest, inertia, and philosophical and historical factors. Institutional self-interest arises from the potential for admitting students with lower academic credentials, which could negatively influence indicators used to rank medical schools. Inertia can make introducing a new system complex. Philosophical and historical factors are those that tend to value maximizing academic measures. The literature identifies up to 87 different personal qualities relevant to the practice of medicine, and selecting the most salient of these that can be practically measured is a challenging task. The challenges to developing better personal quality measures include selecting and operationally defining the most important qualities, measuring the qualities in a cost-effective manner, and overcoming “cunning” adversaries who, with the incentive and resourcefulness, can potentially invalidate such measures. The authors discuss potential methods of measuring personal qualities and propose a unified system of assessment that would pool resources from certification and recertification efforts to develop competencies across the continuum with a dynamic, integrated approach to assessment.
2 8 M ay 2 00 8 Approximate spacetime symmetries and conservation laws

A notion of geometric symmetry is introduced which generalizes the classical concepts of Killing fields and other affine collineations. There is a sense in which flows under these new vector fields minimize deformations of the connection near a specified observer. Any exact affine collineations that may exist are special cases. The remaining vector fields can all be interpreted as analogs of Poincaré and other well-known symmetries near timelike worldlines. Approximate conservation laws generated by these objects are discussed for both geodesics and extended matter distributions. One example is a generalized Komar integral that may be taken to define the linear and angular momenta of a spacetime volume as seen by a particular observer. PACS numbers: 02.40. -k, 04.20. Cv, 04.25. -g