Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Attentional Costs of Interrupting Task Performance at Various Stages

The visual occlusion technique has received considerable attention in recent years as a method for measuring the interruptible aspects of in-vehicle information system (IVIS) task performance. Because the visual occlusion technique lacks a loading task during “occluded” periods, an alternate method was adopted to provide increased sensitivity to the attentional costs of interruptions on IVIS-style task performance. Participants alternated between performing a VCR programming task and a simple tracking task. Results indicate that it does matter at which point the VCR task is interrupted in terms of time to resume the VCR task. Specifically, the resumption time, or lag, was lowest right before beginning a new task stage such as entering the show end-time, or when performing a repetitive scrolling task. The results suggest that it might be appropriate to include measures of resumption lag when testing the interruptability of IVIS-style tasks.
A List Simulated Annealing Algorithm for Task Scheduling on Network-on-Chip

In this paper, a List Simulated Anneal (LSA) algorithm is proposed for the DAG tasks scheduling on the Network-on-chip to simultaneously optimize makespan, load balance and average link load. A task list is first created for the DAG tasks, and the task-to-processor assignment is performed using Best Fit rule. Then the generated schedule is further optimized using LSA. In LSA, the task execution order is determined by the task list, and the task mapping solution is optimized using simulated annealing. By conducting series of simulation, the performance of our proposal is validated . Comparing to the list Best Fit and list random mapping algorithm, our LSA has 9% and 25.4% shorter makespan, 31.1% and 79.4% better load balance and 18% smaller average link load.
The need for capability policies

The object-capability model is one of the industry standards adopted for the implementation of security policies for web-based software. Object-capabilities in various forms are supported by programming languages such as E, Joe-E, Newspeak, Grace, and the newer versions of Javascript. Unfortunately, code written using capabilities tends to concentrate on the low-level mechanism rather than the high-level policy. In this position paper, we argue that current specification methodologies cannot adequately capture all aspects of the capability policies required to support object-capability systems. We outline informally the features that such security policies should support, and we demonstrate (also informally) how we can reason that examples satisfy the capability policies.
Whānau Ora Hauora

This paper explores whānau ora (family well-being) as a contemporary embodiment of Māori-created hauora (health and wellbeing) initiatives towards the realization of kotahitanga (co-operative co-existence) with non-Māori. Over 200 Māori health and disability organizations have been created within the public health systems in New Zealand since the 1990s. In 2002 a Māori health strategy—He Korowai Oranga—was collaboratively produced by the Māori health sector and the Minister of Health. The overall aim of He Korowai Oranga is “whānau ora” (family wellbeing) (Ministry of Health, 2002). This paper explores not the policy but the practice of whānau ora by several hauora Māori organizations. It provides examples of how Māori organizations inform service delivery of whānau ora through the use of Māori models of health—models created to be inclusive of non-Māori practitioners and service receivers.
How phenobarbital revolutionized epilepsy therapy: The story of phenobarbital therapy in epilepsy in the last 100 years

Phenobarbital (phenobarbitone) was first used as an antiepileptic drug 100 years ago, in 1912. This article tells the story of the discovery of its antiepileptic action, its early development, and the subsequent course of its clinical use over the 100‐year period. The side effects, pharmacokinetics, and misuse of barbiturates are considered, along with the more recent clinical trials and the drug’s current clinical utilization. The introduction of controlled drug regulations, the comparative cost of phenobarbital, and its inclusion on the World Health Organization (WHO) essential drug list are discussed. It is one of the few drugs on the formulary in 1912 that is still listed today, and remarkably its efficacy in epilepsy has not been significantly bettered. The current recommendation by the WHO is that phenobarbital should be offered as the first option for therapy for convulsive epilepsy in adults and children if availability can be ensured. This is rated as a strong recommendation because of the proven efficacy and low cost of phenobarbital, and despite its perceived side‐effect profile and the practical problems of access. Whether this recommendation puts “a hierarchy on the brain,” as has been suggested, is arguable. Much still needs to be learned about the drug’s effects, and the issues raised by phenobarbital have lessons for all antiepileptic drug therapy.
Cultural value, consumption value, and global brand image: A cross-national study

In expanding their market to the global level with clear and consistent global brand images across nations, marketers are ever confronting the issue of how to deal with different cultural values. Cultural value is identified as an influential factor on brand image and is widely accepted as one of the crucial concepts in understanding consumer consumption value, which determines choices of consuming everyday products and services. Most firms endeavoring to establish and maintain consistent global brand images, however, adopt a standardized brand image strategy that usually does not consider individual target markets” characteristics, including the concepts of cultural value and consumption value. This study developed a conceptual framework which incorporated cultural value not only as a direct antecedent of brand image, but also as an indirect antecedent of brand image through consumption value, and empirically tested it using the category of apparel. Following this framework, this study hypothesized the differences in brand image, cultural value, and consumption value between the U.S. and South Korea. Data were gathered through surveying university students residing in the San Francisco and Seoul metropolitan areas using a convenience sampling method. A total of 329 completed questionnaires were used in factor analysis, discriminant analysis, and structural equation modeling. The results provide insights into standardized brand image strategies and suggest some implementable tools that might prove effective in both countries. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cell as a possible modulator of hepatic regeneration: Potential role of biliary epithelial cell for hepatic remodeling in vivo

Background: During liver regeneration, the process of hepatic wound healing, a complex cascade of inflammatory signals, recruit inflammatory cells, stimulate hepatobiliary cell proliferation, direct cell migration and induce vascularization to restore tissue integrity, irrespective of its etiology. This might also be the case in cholangiopathies, in which the initial target is the branch of the intrahepatic biliary tree; that is, primary biliary cirrhosis. Previous studies about biliary wound healing focused mainly on the inducers of compensatory biliary proliferation following bile duct insult. Nevertheless, the microenvironment around biliary wound healing responses, which in turn might affect hepatic remodeling, possibly by biliary epithelial cells themselves via paracrine manner, is still less known.
Isolation and Characterization of Complement Receptor Type 1 ( CR 1 ) Storage Vesicles From Human Neutrophils Using Antibodies to the Cytoplasmic Tail of CR 1

Neutrophil (PMN) activation is associated with increased FcgRIII, and CR3; whereas HLA class I was not detectable in these vesicles. Enzyme assay of specifically isolated vesicles surface expression of several membrane proteins that are translocated from intracellular pools. Indirect evidence sugafter treatment with Triton X-100 showed that these vesicles contained most of the cells’ latent alkaline phosphatase. An gests that the intracellular storage pools of complement receptor type 1 (CR1) in resting PMN are distinct from tradiadditional population of vesicles containing albumin, but not CR1, and that did not bind to anti-CR1 adsorbent was also tional granules and may be the secretory vesicles in which albumin is also stored, but it is not known if this compartidentified. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that the specifically isolated vesicles had mean diameters of 0.086 to ment is homogeneous or heterogeneous. To isolate and characterize the CR1-containing vesicles, we used antibod0.1 mm and stained positive for CR1 and albumin. These results indicate that CR1 storage vesicles can be isolated ies against unique sequences in the cytoplasmic tail of CR1. Affinity-purified IgG was used to adsorb CR1 storage vesicles with antibodies against the cytoplasmic tail of CR1 and show that these vesicles also contain albumin as well as glycosylfrom the light membrane fraction (g-band) of nitrogen cavitates of resting PMN. The immunoadsorbent could quantitaphosphatidyl inositol-anchored proteins. These results are most compatible with the hypothesis that CR1-containing tively remove the CR1-containing vesicles, whereas control adsorbents with nonimmune IgG showed no specific bindvesicles have arisen by endocytic retrieval of proteins that had been on the plasma membrane. ing of CR1. Immunoblots of specifically isolated vesicles also showed enrichment of albumin, decay-accelerating factor, q 1997 by The American Society of Hematology.
Distinct Roles for Protein Kinase C Isoforms in Regulating Platelet Purinergic Receptor Function

ADP is a critical regulator of platelet activation, mediating its actions through two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), P2Y1 and P2Y12. We have shown previously that the receptors are functionally desensitized, in a homologous manner, by distinct kinase-dependent mechanisms in which P2Y1 is regulated by protein kinase C (PKC) and P2Y12 by G protein-coupled receptor kinases. In this study, we addressed whether different PKC isoforms play different roles in regulating the trafficking and activity of these two GPCRs. Expression of PKCα and PKCδ dominant-negative mutants in 1321N1 cells revealed that both isoforms regulated P2Y1 receptor signaling and trafficking, although only PKCδ was capable of regulating P2Y12, in experiments in which PKC was directly activated by the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). These results were paralleled in human platelets, in which PMA reduced subsequent ADP-induced P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptor signaling. PKC isoform-selective inhibitors revealed that novel, but not conventional, isoforms of PKC regulate P2Y12 function, whereas both novel and classic isoforms regulate P2Y1 activity. It is also noteworthy that we studied receptor internalization in platelets by a radioligand binding approach showing that both receptors internalize rapidly in these cells. ADP-induced P2Y1 receptor internalization is attenuated by PKC inhibitors, whereas that of the P2Y12 receptor is unaffected. Both P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors can also undergo PMA-stimulated internalization, and here again, novel but not classic PKCs regulate P2Y12, whereas both novel and classic isoforms regulate P2Y1 internalization. This study therefore is the first to reveal distinct roles for PKC isoforms in the regulation of platelet P2Y receptor function and trafficking.
Empirical Investigation on the Performance of the Malaysian Real Estate Investment Trusts in Pre-Crisis, During Crisis and Post-Crisis Period

This study examines the performance of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) or listed property trusts in Malaysia using three standard performance measurement methods (Sharpe Index, Treynor Index and Jensen Index) for 1995 to 2005. In addition, it investigates the degree of systematic risks of REITs and to determine whether REITs give higher returns than the market portfolio. The results indicate that the risk-adjusted performance of REITs vary over time. REITs in general outperformed the market portfolio during the financial crisis but underperformed in the pre-crisis and post-crisis period. This study also found that the average systematic risks of REITs were slightly higher than the market portfolio during the pre-crisis and crisis period but were significantly lower in the post-crisis period. Keywords: Real Estate Investment Trusts, Risk-adjusted Performance, Systematic Risk, Malaysia
Risk of End‐Stage Renal Disease in Patients With Lupus Nephritis, 1971–2015: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta‐Analysis

End‐stage renal disease (ESRD) is a major consequence of lupus nephritis, but how this risk has changed over time is unknown. We conducted this systematic review to examine changes in ESRD among adults with lupus nephritis from 1971 to 2015 and to estimate risks of ESRD among contemporary patients.
Validating Mobile Phone Design Guidelines: Focusing on the Elderly in a Developing Country

Designing a usable mobile phone interface is a non-trivial task, especially when it is intended for use by a special needs group. The group we focus on here is composed of the elderly in developing countries. To inform specialised design, researchers produce and refine sets of tailored guidelines. In this case there is surprisingly little empirical evidence attesting to the value or efficacy of such guidelines. Corroborating evidence, in the form of endorsements of designs that have resulted from their implementation, would constitute such evidence. The aim of this paper is to evaluate existing mobile interface design guidelines for the elderly in developing countries by means of implementation. Guided by the design science research methodology, published guidelines were used to design and implement a mobile phone interface tailored to the needs of elderly South Africans. The resulting prototype was evaluated with two groups of South African elderly mobile phone users. Besides validating and refining the guidelines, the challenges experienced in implementing guidelines were noted together with some conclusions about the viability and usefulness of the specific guidelines, as well as mobile interface design guidelines in general. The unique contribution of this paper lies in the reflection on crossing the research-action divide by also considering the challenges of the developers in implementing the guidelines.
Diffusion of energetic compounds through biological membrane: Application of classical MD and COSMOmic approximations

Computational studies of the potential biological impact of several energetic compounds were performed. The most commonly used explosives were considered in the present studies: trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), and 5-Nitro-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (NTO). The effect of such factors as ionic strength and presence of DMSO in the water solution on the structure of the membrane were considered using the POPC lipid bilayer as an example. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that, even on a short-time scale, the influence of those additives is noticeable, and therefore those factors should always be taken into account. The MD and the COSMOmic approaches were used to elucidate the ability of the energetic compounds to penetrate the living cell. Calculated free energy profiles and partitioning coefficients revealed distributions of the compounds in the lipid bilayer as well as an overall ability to enter the cell. MD in this case provides a better representation of the free energy profile, while the COSMOmic approach works better to predict log(Klipw) values. The effect of the functional group was observed for the profiles that were obtained using the MD method.
Increasing on‐task behavior in the classroom: Extension of self‐monitoring strategies

We examined the effectiveness of a tactile self-monitoring prompt to increase on-task behaviors among 3 elementary-aged students in a special education classroom. Students were taught to self-monitor their attention by using the MotivAider (MotivAider, 2000), an electronic beeper that vibrates to provide a tactile cue to self-monitor. An ABAB reversal design was used for each participant. Results indicated that upon implementation of the self-monitoring intervention, students increased on-task behavior from a mean of 55% to more than 90% of the intervals observed. Additionally, teachers and students provided high ratings of treatment acceptability of this self-monitoring intervention. Limitations, implications, and future directions of these findings are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 211–221, 2006.
Rank Aggregation for Similar Items

The problem of combining the ranked preferences of many experts is an old and surprisingly deep problem that has gained renewed importance in many machine learning, data mining, and information retrieval applications. Effective rank aggregation becomes difficult in real-world situations in which the rankings are noisy, incomplete, or even disjoint. We address these difficulties by extending several standard methods of rank aggregation to consider similarity between items in the various ranked lists, in addition to their rankings. The intuition is that similar items should receive similar rankings, given an appropriate measure of similarity for the domain of interest. In this paper, we propose several algorithms for merging ranked lists of items with defined similarity. We establish evaluation criteria for these algorithms by extending previous definitions of distance between ranked lists to include the role of similarity between items. Finally, we test these new methods on both synthetic and real-world data, including data from an application in
Polyadenylation of a functional mRNA controls gene expression in Escherichia coli

Although usually implicated in the stabilization of mRNAs in eukaryotes, polyadenylation was initially shown to destabilize RNA in bacteria. All the data are consistent with polyadenylation being part of a quality control process targeting folded RNA fragments and non-functional RNA molecules to degradation. We report here an example in Escherichia coli, where polyadenylation directly controls the level of expression of a gene by modulating the stability of a functional transcript. Inactivation of poly(A)polymerase I causes overexpression of glucosamine–6-phosphate synthase (GlmS) and both the accumulation and stabilization of the glmS transcript. Moreover, we show that the glmS mRNA results from the processing of the glmU-glmS cotranscript by RNase E. Interestingly, the glmU-glmS cotranscript and the mRNA fragment encoding GlmU only slightly accumulated in the absence of poly(A)polymerase, suggesting that the endonucleolytically generated glmS mRNA harbouring a 5′ monophosphate and a 3′ stable hairpin is highly susceptible to poly(A)-dependent degradation.
Accreditation of Management Communication and Information Systems in Public Hospitals of Sabzevar City, Iran

Objective: Information systems are “computer systems that collect, store, process, retrieve, show, and provide timely information required in practice, education, management, and research”. The purpose of these systems is to support hospital activities in practical, tactical, and strategic levels in order to provide better service to patients. This study aimed to evaluate the communication and information system (MCI) in public hospitals in Sabzevar city in 2014 from the perspective of human resources according to international standards of the Joint Commission Accreditation Hospital (JCAH). Methods: This study was a practical, descriptive, cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of Sabzevar nurses who used hospital information system. Sampling was done by classification method and in proportion to the number of nurses in each health care units in hospitals in 2014. The sample size was 200 and after referring to hospitals, 200 questionnaires were completed. Sample size was calculated by the formula n=Z2P (1-P)/d2 with P=0.5, α=0.05, d=0.05, and Z=1.96. Data collection tool was the questionnaire of assessment of hospital information systems of JCAH, which has 124 specific questions, including 6 areas. To assess the effect of demographic variables with MCI standards of two questionnaires (feasibility and implementation), the following steps were taken. 1. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine whether responses were normal or not. 2. In case of normal data, t-test was used for dual groups and one-way ANOVA test for groups of three or more. 3. If not normal, Mann-Whitney test was used for dual groups and Kruskal-Wallis test for groups of three or more. Results: Research findings show the mean results of feasibility and implementation of all 6 areas of international standards MCI have feasibility in three hospitals in Sabzevar in 20 sections (H1=105.01±10.468), (H1=196.31±4.662), (H2=104.26±9.099), (H2=195.33±3.778) (H3=106.48±11.545) and (H3=197.57±4.943), respectively. Conclusion: The results showed that the mean feasibility and implementation of all six areas of MCI international standards is practical in three hospitals in Sabzevar in 20 wards. Also, 50% of users in clinical departments, physicians, and nurses agreed to appropriateness of the hospital information and communication systems for doing their duties.
Epidemic increases in cocaine and opiate use by trauma center patients: documentation with a large clinical toxicology database.

BACKGROUND Although reports have documented alcohol and other drug use by trauma patients, no studies of long-term trends have been published. We assessed substance use trends in a large cohort of patients admitted to a regional Level I adult trauma center between July 1984 and June 2000. METHODS Positive toxicology results, collected via retrospective database review, were analyzed for patients admitted directly to the center. Data were abstracted from a clinical toxicology database for 53,338 patients. Results were analyzed for alcohol, cocaine, and opiates relative to sex, age (< 40/> or = 40 years), and injury type (nonviolence/violence). Positive toxicology test result trends were assessed for the 3 years at the beginning and end of the period (chi2). Testing biases were assessed for sex, race, and injury type. RESULTS The patient profile was as follows: men, 72%; age < 40 years, 69%; nonviolence victims, 77%. Alcohol-positive results decreased 37%, but cocaine-positive and opiate-positive results increased 212% and 543%, respectively (all p < 0.001). Cocaine-positive/opiate-positive results increased 152%/640% for nonviolence and 226%/258% for violence victims, respectively (all p < 0.001). In fiscal year 2000, cocaine-positive and opiate-positive results were highest among violence victims (27.4% for both drugs). Cocaine-positive and opiate-positive results among nonviolence victims were 9.4% and 17.6%, respectively. Patients who were minorities or victims of violence were not tested more frequently than other patients. CONCLUSION Epidemic increases in cocaine and opiate use were documented in all groups of trauma patients, with the greatest increases being in violence victims. Alcohol use decreased for all groups.