Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The 40Ar/39Ar and K/Ar dating of lavas from the Hilo 1‐km core hole, Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project

Mauna Kea lava flows cored in the Hilo hole range in age from <200 ka to about 400 ka based on 40Ar/39Ar incremental heating and K-Ar analyses of 16 groundmass samples and one coexisting plagioclase. The lavas, all subaerially deposited, include a lower section consisting only of tholeiitic basalts and an upper section of interbedded alkalic, transitional tholeiitic, and tholeiitic basalts. The lower section has yielded predominantly complex, discordant 40Ar/39Ar age spectra that result from mobility of 40Ar and perhaps K, the presence of excess 40Ar, and redistribution of 39Ar by recoil. Comparison of K-Ar ages with 40Ar/39Ar integrated ages indicates that some of these samples have also lost 39Ar. Nevertheless, two plateau ages of 391 ± 40 and 400 ± 26 ka from deep in the hole, combined with data from the upper section, show that the tholeiitic section accumulated at an average rate of about 7 to 8 m/kyr and has a mean recurrence interval of 0.5 kyr/flow unit. Samples from the upper section yield relatively precise 40Ar/39Ar plateau and isotope correlation ages of 326 ± 23, 241 ± 5, 232 ± 4, and 199 ± 9 ka for depths of −415.7 m to −299.2 m. Within their uncertainty, these ages define a linear relationship with depth, with an average accumulation rate of 0.9 m/kyr and an average recurrence interval of 4.8 kyr/flow unit. The top of the Mauna Kea sequence at −280 m must be older than the plateau age of 132 ± 32 ka, obtained for the basal Mauna Loa flow in the corehole. The upward decrease in lava accumulation rate is a consequence of the decreasing magma supply available to Mauna Kea as it rode the Pacific plate away from its magma source, the Hawaiian mantle plume. The age-depth relation in the core hole may be used to test and refine models that relate the growth of Mauna Kea to the thermal and compositional structure of the mantle plume.
A fast and accurate operational model of ionospheric electron density

High dimensional model representation (HDMR), a technique useful for reducing the computational burden of complex geophysical models, is applied to a global first principles model of the ionosphere/thermosphere system. HDMR captures the input‐output relationship of a model with a series of correlation functions that accurately represents the original model. The resulting Fully Equivalent Operational Model (FEOM) of ionospheric electron density ([e]) described herein is derived from the Integrated Space Weather Prediction Model (ISM). It reproduces ISM [e] with errors of less than 3% over 97% of the three‐dimensional ISM grid. The observed factor of 103 speed up in CPU time demonstrates the feasibility of using HDMR to construct a fast and accurate ionospheric model based on first principles model output.
Utilization of Lightning Energy As a Lightning Power Plant to Optimize Lightning Potential in Medan City

In addition to solar, wind, and water waves, there are other sources of energy that are renewable. Researchers are currently testing the use of these energies with a device that can draw electricity from the air. The new energy is electricity in the air that triggers the formation of lightning & lightning. The need for electrical energy is increasing day by day. Electrical energy supply in Indonesia itself is usually supplied from power plants such as Hydroelectric Power (PLTA), Air (PLTU), Solar (PLTS), Diesel (PLTD), and Geothermal (PLTG) whose existence still does not meet electricity needs. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research by literature study use 10 journals. The purpose of this work is to utilize lightning as an energy source in order to maximize the potential of Indonesia's natural resources, especially in the city of Medan. The results show that lightning can be used as an alternative energy source, because lightning is a renewable energy and will not run out even if it is used continuously.
An empirical model of TEC over the continent of China

An empirical model based on Fourier harmonic analysis for calculating ionospheric total electron content (TEC) over Xinxiang, China (35.3 degrees N, 113.9 degrees E), is presented for the period November 1981 to June 1985. The data used are from observation of the radio beacon satellite ETS-2 during the descending half of the solar cycle from 1981 to 1985. The harmonic components and annual coefficients of the TEC are examined. The representative diurnal variations of modeled and observed TEC for four months in the different seasons in Xinxiang are shown. <<ETX>>
Image Retrieval Performance Tuning Using Optimization Algorithms

NThe relentlessness of modern life's pace has pushed many people to look for ways to save time so they may continue living the way they choose. The management of traffic presents a considerable obstacle due to the fact that a large proportion of persons have difficulties associated with transportation. As a result, fixing traffic problems becomes an absolute need. Machine learning stands out as a useful resource in this setting, providing deeper understanding and better analytical tools for sifting through complicated statistical data. The feasibility of travel for both large and light vehicles may be quickly assessed by experts, allowing for more timely and well-informed decisions. These evaluations serve as the basis for developing separate roadways, laws and sets of rules for various classes of vehicles. This study examines six characteristics of vehicular traffic and travel situations over 38,114 occurrences. Our goal is to improve traffic management through prediction and optimization using six different optimizers from the deep learning area. Based on observed patterns of truck traffic over a certain time period, these methods help determine optimal distribution paths for sent commodities. Six different deep learning optimizer models are compared and contrasted in this study. The objective is to use these examples to determine which optimizer is best. It's not easy to pick the best optimizer for use in deep learning. To this goal, we conducted an in-depth analysis of six industry-leading optimizers to identify the best tool for predicting traffic accidents. We ran extensive tests using a dataset that had 30,492 training examples (80%) and 7,622 testing instances (20%). Different seed values, ranging from 20 to 100, were used in each iteration of the experiment. We tested and compared the following optimizers: the Adaptive Gradient (AG) Algorithm, the Adaptive Learning Rate (ALR) Method, the Root Mean Squared (RMS) Propagation, the Adaptive Moment (AM) Estimation, the Nesterov-accelerated Adaptive Moment (NAM) Estimation, and the Stochastic Gradient (SG) Descent, taking into account processing times, prediction accuracy, and error analysis. The results of the experiment showed that the NAM Estimation Optimizer was much superior. Time spent processing data was cut down, and errors were kept to a minimum (0.03%). Prediction accuracy was also exceptionally high at 99.85%. This result reaffirms NAM Estimation's promise as a leading method for improving traffic management and making accurate trip predictions.
Anomalously high porosities in the proto‐decollement zone of the Barbados Accretionary Complex: Do they indicate overpressures?

Elevated pore pressures have been hypothesized to play a key role in the development of the decollement zones of accretionary complexes. Drilling within the proto‐decollement zone of the Barbados accretionary complex revealed anomalously high porosities up to 6 km seaward of the deformation front. Defining whether the high porosities are a reflection of overpressures is critical for understanding the seaward propagation of the decollement zone. In this investigation, we used numerical modeling to assess whether the high porosities reflect overpressures due to sedimentation. From this work, we concluded that reported permeabilities are not low enough to produce overpressures, even if additional fluid were contributed from areas of greater sedimentation. Furthermore, overpressures within the proto‐decollement zone are demonstrated to be inconsistent with normally compacted underlying sediments. Locally anomalous sediment strength provides a more likely explanation for the observed high porosities.
Photometric analysis and light curve modeling of apparent transient 2020pni

By meticulously observing and analyzing the characteristics of individual cosmic events, we are better suited to understand the universe on a broader scale. Specifically, astronomers are often drawn to examine transient astronomical events whose duration may range from days to several years. This relatively short timescale, in contrast to the billions of years over which our universe has evolved, makes these events highly valuable as snapshots of how our universe is shaped. Spurred by this prospect, our team searched catalogues of these transient astronomical events and decided to investigate apparent transient 2020pni from galaxy UGC 9684. We hypothesized that the transient was a supernova—a powerful stellar explosion caused by the gravitational collapse of a massive star. Thus, we observed the transient over a four-week period to test this hypothesis by measuring changes in the intensity of light radiated by the event—a process known as photometric analysis. Through this study, our team was able to confirm our hypothesis and classify 2020pni as a Type II-L supernova. In addition, we unraveled key insights about the supernova’s distance from Earth, stellar composition, luminosity, and more.
The Long-Term Effect of CBD Crystals and CBD Oil on Depressive-Associated Rat Behaviors

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a chemical extracted from cannabis and shown by some studies to alleviate the symptoms of many mental disorders, especially major depressive disorder. Many researchers have explored how acute CBD treatment impacts the attitude of depressive patients, but few researchers have examined how chronic CBD consumption influences the mood of people without depression. To simulate the effect of CBD on people, we used male Wistar Rats as experimental models, divided into three groups: the control group received peanut oil (vehicle), the CBD oil group received CBD oil and vehicle, and the CBD crystal group received CBD crystals and vehicle. We hypothesized that chronic treatments with purified CBD through oral administration would relieve depression-associated behaviors in normal healthy rats under adverse conditions. The CBD oil used in this study was made from crude oil of hemp by molecular distillation, and the CBD crystals were further processed from CBD oil by crystallization. We used forced swimming test and sucrose preference test to assess the characters associated with the diagnosis of depression: despair-like behavior and anhedonia. Furthermore, we used the weight of the rats to assess appetite. A statistical analysis of the experimental data suggested that long-term consumption of CBD could elicit depression associated symptoms in normal rats without depression. The results imply that people should consume CBD-containing products with extreme caution and highlight the need to carefully monitor the use of CBD in health care products.
Breast cancer mammographic screening by different guidelines among women of different races/ethnicities

Mammographic screening is a common diagnostic tool for breast cancer among average-risk women. However, breast cancer screening guidelines differ between societies and organizations. Appropriate adherence to screening guidelines helps early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, which subsequently improves breast cancer survival. We used three national guidelines to define adherence recommended by US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), American Cancer Society (ACS), and American College of Radiology (ACR), which included different criteria for age and frequency. (USPSTF: 50–74, biennial; ACS: 45–54, yearly, 55+ biennial; ACR: 40+, yearly) We hypothesized that adherence rates for mammographic screening may be lower among minorities (non-Hispanic black (NHB) and Hispanic/Latino) than among non-Hispanic whites (NHW) regardless of the guideline applied. We conducted a cross-sectional study using nationally representative survey data from the 2020 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). Adherence to mammographic screening among NHW, NHB, and Hispanic/Latino populations were calculated. A total of 1,751 survey samples were used in the final analysis. Adherence rates of each guideline for average-risk woman in this study were as follows: USPSTF - 77.37%, ACS - 68.41%, and ACR - 57.71%. Additionally, our results demonstrated that the adherence rate was higher among NHB when compared with NHW women regardless of which guideline was applied. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that both NHB ethnicity and insurance coverage exhibited strong positive associations with adherence to breast cancer screening. Our findings support other studies’ results that different racial/ethnic and socio-demographic factors can affect screening adherence. Therefore, healthcare providers should promote breast cancer screening especially among NHW/Hispanic women and women lacking insurance coverage.
Tectono-sedimentary development of an extensional basin: the Neogene Megara Basin, Greece

The ? Miocene/Pliocene to Pleistocene succession exposed in the Megara Basin comprises a grossly coarsening-upwards sequence at least 1 km thick. The oldest strata, exposed in the NW, record the establishment of alluvial fans and axial streams. These drained into a lacustrine environment subject to minor wave and, possibly, tidal action. The lower part of the central basin fill is comprised of marls, siltstones, sandstones and conglomerates. They record the pulsed infill of the predominantly freshwater ‘Lake Megara’ by progradation of a network of shallow multichannel streams, which drained a western hinterland containing ultrabasic rocks, cherts and limestones. Frequent examples of large-scale soft sediment deformation structures and stratigraphic thickening into hangingwall rolloven indicate active fault control of sedimentation. The lake/river interface featured Gilbert deltas, which were subject to periodic transgression by ? climatically-controlled lake expansions. The upper part of the ? Pliocene basin fill largely comprises fluviatile gravels, but with two important marine transgressional horizons and renewed calcareous mar1 deposition, including a basinwide tufa horizon, towards the top. The overlying ? Pleistocene alluvial clastics were deposited by a NW-flowing system and thicken markedly into a major basin-bounding fault. Deposition of these fluvial deposits was interrupted towards the top of the sequence by the rapid deposition of monomict limestone breccias of debris flow origins, which are believed to mark a catastrophic event. At some time in the late Pleistocene (c. 1 Ma), the basin bounding faults became inactive and the entire basin fill was inverted in response to uplift in the footwall of the active major fault strand that bounds the SE margin of the Alkyonides Gulf.
On the forecast of cumulative precipitation at subseasonal time‐scales over the Sahel

The Sahel, which is considered to be amongst the climate sensitive regions for its history of droughts and famine, and excessive precipitation and disease, is also a source for easterly waves, which upon encountering favorable conditions over the Atlantic Ocean, transform into hurricanes. Benefits from the successful forecast of key variables at subseasonal time scales are obvious. We demonstrate the capacity of the current operational version of the Climate Forecasting System (CFS) of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) to provide skillful forecasts of cumulative precipitation at subseasonal time‐scales over the Sahel region. For this we use the database of subseasonal‐to‐seasonal retrospective forecasts conducted at NCEP for the period from 1982 to 2004. Both measures of deterministic and probabilistic scores are used.
Thyroid dysfunction in children and adolescents affected by undernourished and overnourished eating disorders

Eating disorders (ED) are one of the most prevalent chronic disorders in adolescents and young adults, with a significantly increasing prevalence in younger children, particularly in girls. Even if obesity in essence is not framed as an eating disorder and has always been considered a separate pathology, ED and obesity could be considered part of a continuum. It has become evident that one condition can lead to another, such as binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa, and that they share the same repercussions in terms of psychosocial, metabolic, and nutritional health. This narrative review aims to investigate the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in undernourished and overnourished patients with ED, including obesity, in order to highlight the relationship between weight control and thyroid function and its effects and to consider therapeutic and preventive strategies in children and adolescents. Literature data report that thyroid alterations occur in patients with ED, both underweight and overweight, and represent a continuum of changes depending on the severity and time course of the disease involving the endocrine system. Considering the relevant role thyroid hormones (TH) play not only in energy expenditure (EE) but also in metabolic control and cardiovascular risks related to dysmetabolism and mood regulation, continuous monitoring of thyroid homeostasis in patients with ED is mandatory to prevent severe complications and to start early treatment when necessary.
Optimization and Isothermal Studies of Antibiotics Mixture Biosorption From Wastewater Using Palm Kernel, Chrysophyllum albidum, and Coconut Shells Biocomposite

The presence of persistent pharmaceutical products in water bodies is a significant problem that obstructs wastewater reuse. This study investigated the adsorption process for removing the recalcitrant antibiotics, including tetracycline (TC), ampicillin (AMP), and amoxicillin (AMOX) from an aqueous solution using a composite biosorbent made from a mixture of palm kernel shell (PKS), Chrysophyllum albidum (CAS), and coconut shell (CS). Simplex centroid design in the Design of Expert (12.0.1.0) was applied to optimize the percentage composition (20-55%) of the composite biosorbent precursor and to remove TC-AMP-AMOX mixtures from the aqueous solution in a batch study. The equilibrium data were fitted to 12 isotherm models and analyzed statistically. The maximum adsorption capacity of 9.12 mg/g, 8.66 mg/g, and 7.11 mg/g was achieved for TC, AMP, and AMOX, respectively, using the biocomposite biosorbent with an optimal mixture of 55% PKS, 20% CAS, and 25% CS. The adsorption behavior of TC, AMP, and AMOX was well-described by the Langmuir/Elovich isotherm (R2=1.000), Hill-DeBoer (R2=0.9953), and Freundlich/ Halsey (R2=0.9898) models, respectively. The obtained results showed that the biocomposite PKS-CAS-CS leverages the individual adsorptive capacity of each constituent to enhance the adsorption process. Moreover, the composite biosorbent demonstrated excellent potential for removing recalcitrant pharmaceuticals from wastewater effectively.
The Mediator Role of Individual Motivation in The Relationship Between Digital Leadership and Organizational Agility

This research studies the relationship between digital leadership and organizational agility and the role of individual leadership in this relationship. It also studied if demographic features vary for digital leadership, organizational agility, and individual motivation. The survey form is made up of the “Digital Leadership Scale”, “Organizational Agility Scale”, and “Individual Motivation Scale”. The research universe comprises 480 private and public sector employees in the Istanbul district from May 2021 to July 2021. The obtained data were analyzed through t-test, ANOVA, and Process Analysis. Analysis results suggest that individual motivation has a mediator role in the impact of digital leadership and organizational agility. Besides, digital leadership, organizational agility, and individual motivation vary depending on such demographic features as gender, marital status, education status, employment sector, status, management type, and professional seniority. The conclusion highlights that digital improvement is necessary for successful leadership and suggests ways to boost agility and individual motivation in a workplace environment.
A propos de la crise de découvert des résineux : analyse d'un cas en Lorraine

On admet généralement que lorsque les résineux installés depuis plusieurs années à l'abri d'un taillis sont exposés brusquement à une plus vive lumière par enlèvement du couvert, ils subissent une crise de développement appelée « crise de découvert » . Cette période plus ou moins longue (3 à 4 ans) se caractériserait par la chute des aiguilles d'ombre et se traduirait par un arrêt de la croissance des arbres . Pendant cette période, les arbres seraient plus vulnérables à la sécheresse et aux parasites animaux et végétaux.
Ecohydrologic impacts of climate and land use changes on watershed systems: A multi-scale assessment for policy.

Maintaining flows and quality of water resources is critical to support ecosystem services and consumptive needs. Understanding impacts of changes in climate and land use on ecohydrologic processes in a watershed is vital to sustaining water resources for multiple uses. This study completes a continental and regional scale assessment using statistical and simulation modeling to investigate ecohydrologic impacts within watershed systems.
Determination of the three‐dimensional seismic structure of the lithosphere

A new three-dimensional earth modeling is proposed as a framework to obtain more detailed and accurate information about the earth's interior. We start with a layered medium of classic seismology but divide each layer into many blocks and assign a parameter to each block which describes the velocity fluctuation from the average for the layer. Our data are the teleseismic P travel time residuals observed at an array of seismographs distributed on the surface above the earth's volume we are modeling. By isolating various sources of errors and biases we arrive at a system of equations to determine the model parameters. The solution was obtained by the use of generalized inverse and stochastic inverse methods. Our method also gives a lower limit of the true rms slowness fluctuation in the earth under the assumption of ray theory. Using P wave residual data from the Norwegian Seismic Array (Norsar), we have obtained the map of velocity anomalies at various depths up to a depth of 126 km. The rms slowness fluctuation was found to be at least 3.1%. This is in agreement with estimates obtained from statistical analysis of P time fluctuations based on the Chernov theory. The three-dimensional velocity anomalies are presented both by the generalized inverse and by the stochastic inverse solutions. We prefer the dual presentation because it gives the reader greater freedom in judging the results than a single ‘optimal’ solution. Both methods gave essentially the same results. The discrepancies, when they existed, were always explainable in terms of differences in the smoothing procedure which is explicitly given in the resolution matrix. The dominant features in the obtained three-dimensional velocity image of the lithosphere beneath the Norsar array are low velocities to the west and high velocities to the east. The latter feature may be attributed to rocks of the Baltic shield which are undisturbed by the Caledonian orogeny or by Permian volcanism. Our result conclusively demonstrates the existence of strong small-scale inhomogeneities to the bottom of the lithosphere. More theoretical and experimental works are needed to relate these velocity anomalies with the magma ascent mechanism which caused the Oslo graben.