Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of Mathematical Model Parameters of Stationary Process

In work the problem of synthesis of mathematical model of stationary process is examined in deterministic statement. It is supposed that the amount of measurements by each variable minimally and coincides with number of variable in model. The some possible variants of statement of such problem are considered. The calculations on real measurements were executed for comparison with known methods.
Development of a two-dimensional nano-displacement measuring system utilizing a combined optical and x-ray interferometer

We have developed a two-dimensional nano-displacement measuring system utilizing a combined optical and x-ray interferometer (COXI). The system consists of optical interferometers for two-dimensional displacements and an x-ray interferometer. The x-ray interferometer was used to calibrate the non-linearity of the optical interferometers. The x-ray interferometer can subdivide the optical interference signal with 0.2 nm linear scales. The measured non-linearity of the heterodyne optical interferometer was less than 2 nm. The calibrated optical interferometers were used to measure two dimensional nanoscale displacements, and the accuracy of the optical interferometers was reduced to sub-nanometer after the compensation. To demonstrate the application of the system, we have measured the non-linearity of capacitive sensors using the calibrated optical interferometers.
Optimization Design of PID Controller for Middle and High Frequency Ranges

This paper presents a method of designing PID controller for both middle frequency range with typical signals input and high frequency range with ramp input. Based on the principle of approximate model matching, the design of PID controller can be converted into the problem of calculating optimal solution of a particular norm with the form of inequality for restricted frequency ranges. With the help of Kalman-Yakubovic-Popov (KYP) lemma, the frequency domain inequalities are transformed to linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) in the state space realization. Finally, a simulation example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the main results.
Association between Environmental Cadmium Exposure and Osteoporosis Risk in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Osteoporosis is a common and serious health issue among postmenopausal women. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis study to determine whether environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd) is a risk factor for postmenopausal osteoporosis. A PROSPERO-registered review of the literature was performed on studies evaluating the relationship between urinary Cd (UCd) concentration, an indicator of long-term Cd exposure, and bone mineral density or osteoporosis in women aged 50 years and older. PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, and B-on databases were searched for articles published between 2008 and 2021. The association between UCd levels and osteoporosis risk was assessed by pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using random-effect models. Ten cross-sectional studies were included in the qualitative analysis, of which five were used for meta-analysis. We separately assessed the risk of osteoporosis in women exposed to Cd at low environmental levels (n = 5895; UCd ≥ 0.5 μg/g creatinine versus UCd < 0.5 μg/g creatinine) and high environmental levels (n = 1864; UCd ≥ 5 μg/g creatinine versus UCd < 5 μg/g creatinine). The pooled OR for postmenopausal osteoporosis was 1.95 (95% CI: 1.39–2.73, p < 0.001) in the low exposure level group and 1.99 (95% CI: 1.04–3.82, p = 0.040) in the high exposure level group. This study indicates that environmental Cd exposure, even at low levels, may be a risk factor for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Further research based on prospective studies is needed to validate these findings.
Numerical Study of The Effect of Wall Injection on The Cavitation Phenomenon In Diesel Injector

Abstract Cavitation has an important effect on the performance of diesel injectors. It influences the nature of the fuel spray and formation of emissions. In contrast, cavitation increases the hydraulic resistance of the nozzle, creates flow instability, produces noise, and erodes the nozzle wall. In the present study, the effect of wall injection on the boundary layer separation in the cavitating and turbulent flow developing inside a diesel injector has been investigated numerically using two-phase mixture model. Simulations have been performed for different cavitation numbers, injection ratios and injection angles. Furthermore, the effects of various wall injection locations have been investigated and the results have been compared. The results indicated that for a particular injection angle, the highest discharge coefficient and the lowest number of cavitation bubbles were observed at a specific range of cavitation numbers. Also, with the injection from the orifice wall, the critical cavitation number diminishes, and only for a small interval of cavitation numbers, the discharge coefficient becomes a function of pressure difference between the two ends of injector. The idea of the current work could be a starting point for application of wall injection in injectors in order to increase the discharge coefficient, and, at the same time, to decrease the undesired effects of the cavitation phenomenon.
Innovating Multi-Objective Optimal Message Routing for Unified High Mobility Networks

Futuristic applications of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) highly rely on ad-hoc connectivity between the stochastic vehicular networks (ground and airborne). Message routing in ITS faces several challenges in the dynamic environment of highly mobile networks in the form of obstacles, propagation, and stability of the connection. Unlike vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs) have a flexible and robust configuration with line-of-sight links, and can provide message relaying services to VANETs. However, constant FANET usage depletes residual energy, leading to a shorter network lifetime. In this study, we propose UniFaVa, a routing scheme that considers a combined and unified paradigm of FANETs and VANETs, where a routing decision prefers a higher transmission rate of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with ample residual energy as a relay. The proposed scheme guarantees the reliability of a complete transmission by analytically predicting the connectivity time. Moreover, an analytical approach is formulated for the proposed multi-objective optimal routing using hypervolume. Our extensive simulation results using real traffic traces of Seoul and New York City from OpenStreetMap and simulation of urban mobility (SUMO) indicate significant achievements over the three existing contemporary routing methods. The proposed UniFaVa multi-objective optimal routing achieves a packet delivery ratio of 90% and a connectivity time of $3\sim 6$ sec for established multi-hop routes, and short hop distances for a reliable propagation with only one extra hop on average.
Critical Magnetic Neutron Scattering from Ferrous Fluoride

A detailed investigation of the static and dynamic correlations in the nearly ideal uniaxial anisotropic antiferromagnet Fe${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ has been carried out using quasielastic and inelastic neutron scattering. The scattering from transverse and longitudinal fluctuations can be determined separately in this compound, and the measurements test recent scaling theory and model calculations for anisotropic antiferromagnets. The transverse fluctuations are only weakly dependent on temperature, the inverse transverse correlation length ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}=(0.145\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.040)$ ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at ${T}_{N}$, and the transverse relaxation rate ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}(q=0, {T}_{N})=(1.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4)$ meV. The inverse longitudinal correlation length ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}(T)$ and the staggered longitudinal susceptibility ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}(q=0, T)$ are described above ${T}_{N}$ by the critical exponents $\ensuremath{\nu}=0.67\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}=1.38\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08$, respectively. Below ${T}_{N}$ these remain unchanged within the experimental error. The longitudinal relaxation rates are three to five times smaller than those found in the weakly anisotropic Mn${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$. They obey a homogeneous scaling relation in ($q, {\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$) of degree close to 2, as predicted by scaling theory. The scaling function $\ensuremath{\Omega}(\frac{q}{{\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}})=\frac{{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}(q, {\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}})}{{\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}^{2}}$ bears a close resemblance to that found for Mn${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$.
A KINETIC TRANSPORT THEORY FOR PARTICLE ACCELERATION AND TRANSPORT IN REGIONS OF MULTIPLE CONTRACTING AND RECONNECTING INERTIAL-SCALE FLUX ROPES

Simulations of particle acceleration in turbulent plasma regions with multiple contracting and merging (reconnecting) magnetic islands emphasize the key role of temporary particle trapping in island structures for the efficient acceleration of particles to form hard power-law spectra. Statistical kinetic transport theories have been developed that capture the essential physics of particle acceleration in multi-island regions. The transport theory of Zank et al. is further developed by considering the acceleration effects of both the mean and the variance of the electric fields induced by the dynamics of multiple inertial-scale flux ropes. A focused transport equation is derived that includes new Fokker–Planck terms for particle scattering and stochastic acceleration due to the variance in multiple flux-rope magnetic fields, plasma flows, and reconnection electric fields. A Parker transport equation is also derived in which a new expression for momentum diffusion appears, combining stochastic acceleration by particle scattering in the mean multi-flux-rope electric fields with acceleration by the variance in these electric fields. Test particle acceleration is modeled analytically considering drift acceleration by the variance in the induced electric fields of flux ropes in the slow supersonic, radially expanding solar wind. Hard power-law spectra occur for sufficiently strong inertial-scale flux ropes with an index modified by adiabatic cooling, solar wind advection, and diffusive escape from flux ropes. Flux ropes might be sufficiently strong behind interplanetary shocks where the index of suprathermal ion power-law spectra observed in the supersonic solar wind can be reproduced.
Phylogenetic, Structural and Functional Evolution of the LHC Gene Family in Plant Species

Light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (LHC) superfamily proteins play a vital role in photosynthesis. Although the physiological and biochemical functions of LHC genes have been well-characterized, the structural evolution and functional differentiation of the products need to be further studied. In this paper, we report the genome-wide identification and phylogenetic analysis of LHC genes in photosynthetic organisms. A total of 1222 non-redundant members of the LHC family were identified from 42 species. According to the phylogenetic clustering of their homologues with Arabidopsis thaliana, they can be divided into four subfamilies. In the subsequent evolution of land plants, a whole-genome replication (WGD) event was the driving force for the evolution and expansion of the LHC superfamily, with its copy numbers rapidly increasing in angiosperms. The selection pressure of photosystem II sub-unit S (PsbS) and ferrochelatase (FCII) families were higher than other subfamilies. In addition, the transcriptional expression profiles of LHC gene family members in different tissues and their expression patterns under exogenous abiotic stress conditions significantly differed, and the LHC genes are highly expressed in mature leaves, which is consistent with the conclusion that LHC is mainly involved in the capture and transmission of light energy in photosynthesis. According to the expression pattern and copy number of LHC genes in land plants, we propose different evolutionary trajectories in this gene family. This study provides a basis for understanding the molecular evolutionary characteristics and evolution patterns of plant LHCs.
Factors Measuring Client Satisfaction on Stock Broker Services in Pokhara Valley

Customer satisfaction is very important for the success of the business. This study measured the client satisfaction with broker services in Pokhara valley. Convenience sampling technique is used for selection of sample and 385 respondents who were trading stock in secondary market were taken as sample. Different twelve items were used to measure the clients’ satisfaction. Means score, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were used for data analysis. The study found majority of the clients are satisfied with the stock brokers’ services in Pokhara valley. Further, responsiveness and trustworthiness were found as the major factors related to clients' satisfaction with stockbroker services. This study concluded that stockbrokers should be more responsive to the clients and their services should be trustworthy to increase the client's satisfaction.
Constrained control for systems on matrix Lie groups with uncertainties

In this paper, the constrained control of systems evolving on matrix Lie groups with uncertainties is considered. The proposed methodology is composed of a nominal Model Predictive Control (MPC), and a feedback controller. The previous work on the control of systems on manifolds is applied to design the nominal MPC, which generates the nominal trajectory. In the nominal MPC, the state and input constraints on the Lie group are transformed into the constraints on the Euclidean space. While to deal with uncertainties, the feedback control used to track the nominal trajectory is designed directly on the Lie group. The tracking error in the feedback control is proved to be bounded in invariant sets, which are further used to revise the constraints in nominal MPC. We prove that the input‐to‐state stability of the entire system under the proposed control methodology with respect to the disturbances can be achieved. The proposed methodology is applied to the constrained attitude control of rigid bodies with uncertainties. In the application example, the detailed mathematical proof and the comparative numerical simulation are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed methodology.
Detecting misidentifications of strawberry cultivars in the Philippines using single nucleotide polymorphism markers

ABSTRACT In the Philippines, misidentification of strawberry cultivars is highly likely because of inadequate methods of identification by farmers. An attempt was made to develop single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and use them to detect possible misidentification among commercially grown strawberry cultivars. Leaf samples from several cultivars were obtained from strawberry farmers in La Trinidad, Benguet, the Philippines. Expressed sequence tags from the anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) gene were screened for putative SNPs. Eleven SNP markers were developed and used to discriminate among the collected samples. The SNP markers grouped the cultivars into five genotypic clusters with seven distinct genotypic identities. Clustering analysis revealed inconsistencies between the farmers’ identification and the molecular classification. ‘Sweet Charlie’ samples were assigned to four genotypic clusters and ‘Strawberry Festival’ samples were grouped into three separate clusters. There is a high probability that cultivar misidentification has indeed occurred. The molecular markers developed in this study could assist in future cultivar verification efforts, germplasm management, and breeding programmes.
Application of Cryogenic Electrical Substitution Radiometers in the Calibration of Solar-Terrestrial Remote Sensing Instruments

We describe two recent applications of cryogenic Electrical Substitution Radiometers (ESRs), which can provide significantly improved accuracy and sensitivity in the calibration of solar-terrestrial remote sensing instruments. In the first, a portable UV filter radiometer was calibrated at 257 nm using a cryogenic ESR and an intensity-stabilized laser. This filter radiometer was then used to measure the UV irradiance at 257 nm of deuterium lamps and of the SURF II synchrotron. Our results indicate that the accuracy of these measurements is three to eight times better than presently achieved with calibrations of these source standards, at this wavelength. Improvement of UV calibrations is critical to the success of NASA remote sensing of ozone, and of related solar UV irradiance variations. In the second application, a fast cryogenic ESR was developed for use at TRW as a spectrally flat transfer standard, to provide radiometric calibrations of the CERES spectroradiometer with accuracies of better than 1% in the short-wave band and 0,5% in the long-wave and total bands. The CERES instrument is designed to provide improved measurements of the Earth's radiation budget for climate studies.
Full Stokes Spectropolarimetry of Hα in Prominences

We report on spectropolarimetric observations of Hα in prominences made with the Télescope Héliographique pour l'Etude du Magnétisme et des Instabilités Solaires and the High Altitude Observatory/Advanced Stokes Polarimeter. Stokes Q and U show the expected profile shape from resonance scattering polarization and the Hanle effect. In contrast, most of the time, Stokes V does not show the antisymmetric profile shape typical of the Zeeman effect but a profile that indicates the presence of strong atomic orientation in the hydrogen levels, to an extent that cannot be explained by invoking the alignment-to-orientation transfer mechanism induced by the prominence magnetic field. We found that the largest signal amplitudes of Stokes V (comparable to that of Stokes Q and U) could be produced by a process of selective absorption of circularly polarized radiation from the photosphere, which requires that the prominence be in the vicinity of an active region. Although recent observations of active region filaments indicate such a selective absorption mechanism as a plausible explanation of the anomalous signals observed, the particular set of conditions that must be met suggest that a different explanation may be required to explain the almost ubiquitous symmetric V signal observed in Hα prominences. Therefore, we speculate that an alternative mechanism inducing strong atomic orientation at the observed level could be due to the presence of electric fields inducing an electric Hanle effect on Hα. Although we are still working toward a careful modeling of this effect, including both electric and magnetic fields, we present some preliminary considerations that seem to support this possibility.
An explicit description of the symplectic structure of moduli spaces of flat connections

The moduli space of flat connections on a principal G‐bundle over a compact oriented surface of genus g≥1 is considered herein. Using the holonomies around noncontractible loops, the moduli space is described as a quotient of a submanifold of G2g. An explicit expression is obtained for the symplectic form on the smooth part of moduli space, and several properties of this form are established.
Pancreatic Islet Cells Response to IFNγ Relies on Their Spatial Location within an Islet

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an auto-immune disease characterized by the progressive destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. While beta cells are the target of the immune attack, the other islet endocrine cells, namely the alpha and delta cells, can also be affected by the inflammatory milieu. Here, using a flow cytometry-based strategy, we compared the impact of IFNγ, one of the main cytokines involved in T1D, on the three endocrine cell subsets isolated from C57BL/6 mouse islets. RNA-seq analyses revealed that alpha and delta cells exposed in vitro to IFNγ display a transcriptomic profile very similar to that of beta cells, with an increased expression of inflammation key genes such as MHC class I molecules, the CXCL10 chemokine and the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), three hallmarks of IFNγ signaling. Interestingly, at low IFNγ concentration, we observed two beta cell populations (responders and non-responders) based on PD-L1 protein expression. Our data indicate that this differential sensitivity relies on the location of the cells within the islet rather than on the existence of two different beta cells subsets. The same findings were corroborated by the in vivo analysis of pancreatic islets from the non-obese diabetic mouse model of T1D, showing more intense PD-L1 staining on endocrine cells close to immune infiltrate. Collectively, our work demonstrates that alpha and delta cells are as sensitive as beta cells to IFNγ, and suggests a gradual diffusion of the cytokine into an islet. These observations provide novel insights into the in situ inflammatory processes occurring in T1D progression.