Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of cerebral blood flow after asphyxia in neonatal lambs.

In a postasphyxia neonatal lamb model, the responses of the cerebral circulation to hypoxic hypoxia and changes in systemic arterial blood pressure were examined. Ventilated newborn lambs (n = 14) were subjected to a gradual asphyxial insult, resuscitated, and returned to control ventilator settings. During the time 2-5 hours after asphyxia, the responses of cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral oxygen delivery (OD), cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRO2), and cerebral fractional oxygen extraction (E) to changes in either arterial oxygen content (CaO2) or mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were assessed. These data were compared with measurements from nonasphyxiated lambs (n = 7). With hypoxia (n = 7), cerebral blood flow increased (CBF = 646/CaO2 + 44) compared with nonasphyxiated lambs (CBF = 1121/CaO2 + 11). In asphyxiated lambs, cerebral oxygen delivery decreased (OD = 0.41 CaO2 + 6.87), but cerebral oxygen consumption remained stable due to a proportional increase in cerebral fractional oxygen extraction (E = -0.014 CaO2 + 0.65). In nonasphyxiated lambs, cerebral oxygen delivery, consumption, and fractional extraction were unchanged with hypoxia. In response to alterations in blood pressure, both cerebral blood flow (CBF = 0.84 MAP + 6.62) and oxygen delivery (OD = 0.13 MAP + 0.77) were pressure-passive. With hypotension, cerebral fractional oxygen extraction increased (E = -0.003 MAP + 0.69) but not enough to prevent a decrease in cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRO2 = 0.042 MAP + 1.79). In nonasphyxiated lambs, cerebral blood flow, oxygen delivery, consumption, and fractional extraction did not vary with blood pressure. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nonlinear Dynamics of Ion Concentration Polarization in Porous Media: The Leaky Membrane Model

The conductivity of highly charged membranes is nearly constant, due to counterions screening pore surfaces. Weakly charged porous media, or “leaky membranes,” also contain a significant concentration of coions, whose depletion at high current leads to ion concentration polarization and conductivity shock waves. To describe these nonlinear phenomena in the absence of electro-osmotic flow, a simple leaky membrane model is formulated, based on macroscopic electroneutrality and Nernst–Planck ionic fluxes. The model is solved in cases of unsupported binary electrolytes: steady conduction from a reservoir to a cation-selective surface, transient response to a current step, steady conduction to a flow-through porous electrode, and steady conduction between cation-selective surfaces in cross flow. The last problem is motivated by separations in leaky membranes, such as shock electrodialysis. The article begins with a tribute to Neal Amundson, whose pioneering work on shock waves in chromatography involved similar mathematics. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 3539–3555, 2013
Validating two-dimensional leadership models on three-dimensionally structured fish schools

Identifying leader–follower interactions is crucial for understanding how a group decides where or when to move, and how this information is transferred between members. Although many animal groups have a three-dimensional structure, previous studies investigating leader–follower interactions have often ignored vertical information. This raises the question of whether commonly used two-dimensional leader–follower analyses can be used justifiably on groups that interact in three dimensions. To address this, we quantified the individual movements of banded tetra fish (Astyanax mexicanus) within shoals by computing the three-dimensional trajectories of all individuals using a stereo-camera technique. We used these data firstly to identify and compare leader–follower interactions in two and three dimensions, and secondly to analyse leadership with respect to an individual's spatial position in three dimensions. We show that for 95% of all pairwise interactions leadership identified through two-dimensional analysis matches that identified through three-dimensional analysis, and we reveal that fish attend to the same shoalmates for vertical information as they do for horizontal information. Our results therefore highlight that three-dimensional analyses are not always required to identify leader–follower relationships in species that move freely in three dimensions. We discuss our results in terms of the importance of taking species' sensory capacities into account when studying interaction networks within groups.
An enhanced normalisation technique for wavelet shape descriptors

Wavelet shape descriptors are widely used in shape recognition and retrieval due to their multi-resolution nature and ability to maintain local shape features. Unfortunately, this extra information creates significant problems in the generation of a suitable normalized descriptor for shape matching. Several techniques have been proposed to alleviate this problem, but all have weaknesses which decrease the discriminating capacity. In this paper, a new combined strategy is proposed, which uses shape normalization prior to wavelet processing for translation and scaling, and descriptor normalization for starting point and rotation. Shape reconstruction ability and retrieval capabilities are assessed experimentally and compared to existing approaches using a small database of shapes derived from trademark retrieval research. The combined normalization technique is shown to produce a descriptor that is more perceptually aligned, and hence more accurate for retrieval tasks. In addition this process is lossless; hence the original shape can be perfectly reconstructed.
Changes in the prevalence of pre‐eclampsia in Akershus County and the rest of Norway during the past 35 years

Background. Pre‐eclampsia, the etiology of which is unknown, is an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. In Norway there has been a substantial change in lifestyle since 1970. Akershus is a growing urban county. The aim of this study was to identify changes in the prevalence of pre‐eclampsia in Akershus County and the rest of Norway during the past 35 years. Methods. The study is population‐based and retrospective. Deliveries are registered per inhabitant and pre‐eclampsia per delivery. Prevalence and prevalence ratios are calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Poisson regression analysis is used for assessment of trends. Results. The frequency of deliveries declined from 1.9% to 1.4% for Akershus County and from 1.7% to 1.3% in the rest of Norway. The prevalence of pre‐eclampsia increased from 3.1% to 3.7% for Akershus County and from 3.3% to 4.5% in the rest of Norway. Conclusions. The increase in the prevalence of pre‐eclampsia and the difference between Akershus and the rest of Norway are not likely to be explained by changes in genetic material. Altered registration routines throughout Norway since 1998 may influence the observations, and better registration routines may contribute to the observed lower prevalence in Akershus. Changes in lifestyle factors most likely explain the overall increase in the prevalence of pre‐eclampsia.
Characterization and clinical relevance of circulating and biopsy-derived endothelial progenitor cells in lymphoma patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) have been proven to be essential for tumor angiogenesis and growth in animal tumor models. However, the involvement and relevance of EPC in human cancers remain poorly studied. We, therefore, investigated the presence, differentiation potential and molecular characteristics of EPC in lymphoma patients. DESIGN AND METHODS EPC (CD133+CD34+KDR+ cells) were detected in peripheral blood (PB) and lymph node (LN) biopsy samples of 70 lymphoma patients by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometry. Magnetically isolated EPC (PB and LN-derived) were tested, in vitro, for endothelial differentiation potential and RNA was collected to study their gene expression profiles by Affymetrix oligonucleotide arrays. Lymphoma patients were classified according to disease aggressiveness (indolent vs aggressive lymphoma) and their data (tumor angiogenesis, tumor stage and clinical treatment) were related to the presence or absence of EPC in the circulation or in tumor samples. RESULTS Circulating EPC (CEPC) were more frequent in patients than in healthy controls and more frequent in younger patients than in older patients and in those with aggressive lymphomas. The levels of CEPC decreased in patients with complete response to treatment, but were sustained or increased in the non- or partial- responders to lymphoma therapy. Notably, EPC in the LN (LN-EPC) were more frequently detected than CEPC; LN-EPC were detected in vascular structures and also in the stroma, and after isolation differentiated into endothelial cells in vitro. The presence of LN-EPC correlated with lesion size and with increased angiogenesis in indolent lymphomas. CEPC and LN-EPC share endothelial markers but can be identified and quantified separately, since they express different CD133 isoforms. Gene expression profiling of isolated LN-EPC revealed the expression of pro-angiogenic and tumor growth factors that may influence lymphoma growth. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS EPC are present in the circulation and in tumor samples from patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Since there are relationships between EPC and various characteristics of lymphoma, our research has demonstrated the clinical and biological relevance of studying CEPC and LN-EPC in lymphoma patients.
Protein kinase C (cid:1) enhances the transcriptional activity of the porcine P -450 side-chain cleavage insulin-like response element

Protein kinase C (cid:1) enhances the transcriptional activity of the porcine P -450 side-chain cleavage insulin-like response element. 00520.2003. —IGF-I enhances steroidogenesis in granulosa cells by stimulating the expression of the rate-limiting steroidogenic enzyme, cytochrome P -450 side-chain cleavage ( P- 450 scc ). This effect is mediated through an IGF response element (IGFRE) that binds polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB)-associated splicing factor (PSF) and Sp1. Sp1 is essential for activation of the IGFRE, and PSF functions as a repressor. We investigated mechanisms of modulation of the IGFRE by the atypical protein kinase C (PKC) (cid:1) in a porcine stable granulosa cell line, JC-410. PKC (cid:1) was found in nuclear extracts, and levels were increased by IGF-I after 24 and 48 h of treatment. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that PSF and PKC (cid:1) associated with each other in nuclear extracts from JC-410 cells. of and activity of the IGFRE regardless of kinase catalytic activity. Depletion of PKC (cid:1) protein by small interfering RNA suppressed basal IGFRE activity but did not prevent IGF-I stimulation of the IGFRE. We conclude that PKC (cid:1) enhances transcriptional activity of the porcine P -450 scc IGFRE independently of kinase activity by a mechanism involving protein-protein interaction with PSF.
Mean-field hard-core model of interference in ad-hoc wireless networks

In this paper we present a mean-field hardcore model of interference in wireless networks using CSMA. We consider d-regular random graph ensembles in which the edges are drawn randomly and an edge in a graph represents hard-core interaction such that the two nodes connected by the edge cannot be simultaneously active, or transmitting. We present an analysis of average activity in the presence of hard-core interactions in conflict graphs sampled from regular random graph ensembles. We also present experimental data obtained using Monte-Carlo simulations. A surprising conclusion of experimental results is that the average activity is not always monotonic in d.
Bifurcation-based mass sensing using piezoelectrically-actuated microcantilevers

In conventional implementations, resonant chemical and biological sensors exploit chemomechanically-induced frequency shifts, which occur in linear systems, for analyte detection. In this letter, an alternative sensing approach, based upon dynamic transitions across saddle-node bifurcations is investigated. This technique not only has the potential to render improved sensor metrics but also to eliminate frequency tracking components from final device implementations. The present work details proof-of-concept experiments on bifurcation-based sensing, which were conducted using selectively functionalized, piezoelectrically-actuated microcantilevers. Preliminary results reveal the proposed sensing technique to be a viable alternative to existing resonant sensing methods.
Structural-linguistic approach to assessment of functional states of organism of elite sportsmen, who have symptoms of chronic tiredness

Purpose: assessment of functional states of sportsmen’s, having symptoms of chronic tiredness, organism with the help of structural-linguistic approach. Material: Sportsmen of different kinds of sports participated in the research. For determination of degree of chronic tiredness questionnaire by Leonova was applied. For classification of functional states of sportsmen’s organism structural-linguistic approach was applied. Results: in 41% of the questioned sportsmen chronic tiredness was found. Appearance of their not stable states can be caused by reduction of organism’s resistance to loads and high risk of chronic tiredness syndrome. Conclusions: in sportsmen with chronic tiredness we observed functional tension of organism’s regulatory systems in rest and over-tension - after loads. We determined types of functional states of sportsmen’s with chronic tiredness organism.
Differential Effects of Furnidipines’ Metabolites on Reperfusion-Induced Arrhythmias in Rats In Vivo

We previously established that furnidipine (FUR) and oxy dihydropyridines prevent rats mortality by strong reduction of the lethal arrhythmias in reperfusion. Therefore we decided to study the influence of three main metabolites (M-2, M-3, M-8) of FUR on ischemia-and reperfusion- induced arrhythmias and hemodynamic parameters in rat model to examine their independent activity. The metabolites (M-2, M-3, M-8) were given orally 20 mg/kg (24 and 1 h before ischemia). Mortality was significantly diminished in M-2 and M-3 treated groups with M-3 preventing animal mortality entirely. All three examined substances significantly reduced the duration and incidence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) with M-3, once again, completely preventing VF. Moreover, only M-3 significantly decreased the duration of ventricular tachycardia but had no influence on their incidence. Through the occlusion and reperfusion periods, M-2 and M-3 were markedly less hypotensive than M-8 and did not influence on heart rate. We conclude that two tested metabolites of FUR, M-3 and M-2 exhibited the most pronounced anti-arrhythmic effect being at the same time the most normotensive and therefore caused the most beneficial effects.
Predicting the Strongest Domain-Domain Contact in Interacting Protein Pairs

Experiments to determine the complete 3-dimensional structures of protein complexes are difficult to perform and only a limited range of such structures are available.In contrast, large-scale screening experiments have identified thousands of pairwise interactions between proteins, but such experiments do not produce explicit structural information.In addition, the data produced by these high through-put experiments contain large numbers of false positive results, and can be biased against detection of certain types of interaction.Several methods exist that analyse such pairwise interaction data in terms of the constituent domains within proteins, scoring pairs of domain superfamilies according to their propensity to interact.These scores can be used to predict the strongest domain-domain contact (the contact with the largest surface area) between interacting proteins for which the domain-level structures of the individual proteins are known.We test this predictive approach on a set of pairwise protein interactions taken from the Protein Quaternary Structure (PQS) database for which the true domain-domain contacts are known.While the overall prediction success rate across the whole test data set is poor, we shown how interactions in the test data set for which the training data are not informative can be automatically excluded from the prediction process, giving improved prediction success rates at the expense of restricted coverage of the test data.
A Veteran Goes to College

EYVEN in the most remote part of the world, wherever there are American soldiers, news of educational planning and benefits during the postwar era has been disseminated. The question is whether educators at home will have a thorough understanding of the problems of the American soldier unless some of them have shared at least a few of the trying experiences which soldiers meet at the fighting front. Obviously, it is not practicable to ask our educators at home to visit the battle areas of the Burma jungle, the hot spots in India, the rice fields in China, or the firing lines of Italy and France. Nevertheless, on all of the fighting fronts there are many teachers who are also good soldiers. These teachers have led youth in peace and are now leading men in war. Their hope is to return to teaching, in a free world. Their experience on the fighting fronts has proved a dynamic and challenging re-inforcement of their formal university training. They have shared in the experiences of their future students, thereby establishing a common basis for understanding the problems and the needs of the veterans in the postwar years. The proposal made here is that a representation of educators who have served with the armed forces in various combat areas be called upon to aid in the planning of curriculum and in determining the aims and methods of instruction in higher education, both general and specialized. These educators, working with experts at home, would find surveys of the opinions of military personnel of great value in determining their postwar needs and facilitating their postwar adjustments. If general education is to be fostered in the American colleges, the traditional isolated series of courses distributed among various departments will not suffice. The purpose of general education, as stated by Mr. Kellv of the United States Office of Education, is to "advance the public welfare. " The public welfare cannot be advanced nor can the needs of the veterans be fulfilled by giving a series of lectures in English, social studies, science, mathematics, and languages. Instead, the college curriculum should be integrated to offer study of vital problems and their solutions whenever possible. This type of curriculum construction would unite professors from all departments in a concerted attack
CD8+ Enriched “Young” Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes Can Mediate Regression of Metastatic Melanoma

Purpose: Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and interleukin (IL)-2 administered following lymphodepletion can cause the durable complete regression of bulky metastatic melanoma in patients refractory to approved treatments. However, the generation of a unique tumor-reactive TIL culture for each patient may be prohibitively difficult. We therefore investigated the clinical and immunologic impact of unscreened, CD8+ enriched “young” TIL. Experimental Design: Methods were developed for generating TIL that minimized the time in culture and eliminated the individualized tumor-reactivity screening step. Thirty-three patients were treated with these CD8+ enriched young TIL and IL-2 following nonmyeloablative lymphodepletion (NMA). Twenty-three additional patients were treated with CD8+ enriched young TIL and IL-2 after lymphodepletion with NMA and 6 Gy of total body irradiation. Results: Young TIL cultures for therapy were successfully established from 83% of 122 consecutive melanoma patients. Nineteen of 33 patients (58%) treated with CD8+ enriched young TIL and NMA had an objective response (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) including 3 complete responders. Eleven of 23 patients (48%) treated with TIL and 6 Gy total body irradiation had an objective response including 2 complete responders. At 1 month after TIL infusion the absolute CD8+ cell numbers in the periphery were highly correlated with response. Conclusions: This study shows that a rapid and simplified method can be used to reliably generate CD8+ enriched young TIL for administration as an individualized therapy for advanced melanoma, and may allow this potentially effective treatment to be applied at other institutions and to reach additional patients. Clin Cancer Res; 16(24); 6122–31. ©2010 AACR.
Analysis and Synthesis of Structural Textures

With the advent of image based modeling techniques, it becomes easier to apply textures extracted from reality onto virtual worlds. Many repetitive patterns (structural textures) in human constructions can be parametrized with procedural textures. These textures offer a powerful alternative to traditional color textures, but they require the artist to program the desired effects. We present a system to automatically extract from photographs values for parameters of structural textures, giving the user the possibility to guide the algorithms. Two common classes of procedural textures are studied : rectangular tilings and wood. The results demonstrate that synthesizing textures similar to their real counterpart can be very interesting for computer-augmented reality applications.
Segmentational analysis of retinal thickness after vitrectomy in diabetic macular edema.

PURPOSE To measure the inner and outer retinal thicknesses on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and evaluate their association with logMAR after vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS In this retrospective case series, there were 55 consecutive eyes with DME for which vitrectomy was performed. The total retinal thickness, the inner thickness (from the innermost of the retina to the inner nuclear layer), and the outer thickness (from the outer plexiform layer to the retinal pigment epithelium) in the parafoveal subfields were measured manually, and the association with logMAR was evaluated. RESULTS The total retinal thicknesses in the central, nasal, and inferior subfields were significantly (r = 0.37, P = 0.005; r = 0.29, P = 0.032; r = 0.33, P = 0.015, respectively) associated with the baseline logMAR; no subfield thickness was correlated with the logMAR at the final visit. However, segmentational analysis showed that the outer retinal thickness of the temporal subfield was associated with disruption of the junction between the inner and outer segments at the fovea (P = 0.021 and P = 0.005) and negatively correlated with the logMAR (r = -0.37, P = 0.006 and r = -0.28, P = 0.042) at the 6-month and final visit. The inner thickness of the nasal subfield did not change after vitrectomy compared with the other subfields and the outer thickness of all subfields in the parafoveal area; the baseline nasal total thickness was correlated most significantly with the logMAR (r = 0.40, P = 0.002 and r = 0.37, P = 0.006) at the 6-month and final visits. CONCLUSIONS Segmentational analysis provided useful information for considering the prognosis and pathogenesis after vitrectomy for DME.
N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyl-N,N′-dipropylethane-1,2-diaminium tetrachloridocobaltate(II)

The crystal structure of the title compound, (C12H30N2)[CoCl4], is composed of discrete (C12H30N2)2+ cations and [CoCl4]2− anions. The asymmetric unit contains a half-cation and a half-anion. The atoms of the cation occupy general positions about an inversion centre, which is located at the midpoint of the central C—C bond. The Co atoms lie on a twofold rotation axis. The slightly distorted tetrahedral coordination environment around the metal atom consists of two Cl atoms and their symmetry-related pairs.