Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heritability of amygdala reactivity to angry faces and its replicable association with the schizophrenia risk locus of miR-137

Background: Among healthy participants, the interindividual variability of brain response to facial emotions is associated with genetic variation, including common risk variants for schizophrenia, a heritable brain disorder characterized by anomalies in emotion processing. We aimed to identify genetic variants associated with heritable brain activity during processing of facial emotions among healthy participants and to explore the impact of these identified variants among patients with schizophrenia. Methods: We conducted a data-driven stepwise study including samples of healthy twins, unrelated healthy participants and patients with schizophrenia. Participants approached or avoided pictures of faces with negative emotional valence during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Results: We investigated 3 samples of healthy participants — including 28 healthy twin pairs, 289 unrelated healthy participants (genome-wide association study [GWAS] discovery sample) and 90 unrelated healthy participants (replication sample) — and 1 sample of 48 patients with schizophrenia. Among healthy twins, we identified the amygdala as the brain region with the highest heritability during processing of angry faces (heritability estimate 0.54, p < 0.001). Subsequent GWAS in both discovery and replication samples of healthy non-twins indicated that amygdala activity was associated with a polymorphism in the miR-137 locus (rs1198575), a micro-RNA strongly involved in risk for schizophrenia. A significant effect in the same direction was found among patients with schizophrenia (p = 0.03). Limitations: The limited sample size available for GWAS analyses may require further replication of results. Conclusion: Our data-driven approach shows preliminary evidence that amygdala activity, as evaluated with our task, is heritable. Our genetic associations preliminarily suggest a role for miR-137 in brain activity during explicit processing of facial emotions among healthy participants and patients with schizophrenia, pointing to the amygdala as a brain region whose activity is related to miR-137.
A Bayesian Hidden Markov Model of Daily Precipitation over South and East Asia

AbstractA Bayesian hidden Markov model (HMM) for climate downscaling of multisite daily precipitation is presented. A generalized linear model (GLM) component allows exogenous variables to directly influence the distributional characteristics of precipitation at each site over time, while the Markovian transitions between discrete states represent seasonality and subseasonal weather variability. Model performance is evaluated for station networks of summer rainfall over the Punjab region in northern India and Pakistan and the upper Yangtze River basin in south-central China. The model captures seasonality and the marginal daily distributions well in both regions. Extremes are reproduced relatively well in the Punjab region, but underestimated for the Yangtze. In terms of interannual variability, the combined GLM–HMM with spatiotemporal averages of observed rainfall as a predictor is shown to exhibit skill (in terms of reduced RMSE) at the station level, particularly for the Punjab region. The skill is lar.
Geohydrology and water resources of the Tucson basin, Arizona

El Introduction. 2 Location. 4 Scope. 4 Methods. 5 Well-numbering system. 7 Acknowledgments. 7 Hydrologic system . 9 Geohydrologic characteristics of the basin. 11 Rock units along the margin of the basin. 13 Sedimentary units in the basin. 15 Pantano Formation. 16 Tinaja beds. 20 Fort Lowell Formation. 25 Surficial deposits. 30 Structure of sedimentary units in the basin. 33 Hydrologic characteristics of the aquifer system. 36 Ground-water pumpage and water-level declines. 37 Relation between hydraulic head, lithology, and faults. 42 Transmissivity. 44 Relation of transmissivity to ground-water movement. 45 Areal and vertical reliability of the transmissivity pattern 46 Storage. 48 Aquifer . compaction and land subsidence. 51 Streamflow. 54 Chemical quality of water. 56 Water budget. 59 Aquifer recharge. 60 Underflow. 60 Recharge along the mountain fronts. 61 Streamflow infiltration and recharge. 62 Irrigation, sewage, and industrial return water. 66 Discharge from the basin. 68 Streamflow. 69 Underflow. 69 Natural evapotranspiration losses. 70 Consumptive use of pumped ground water. 71 Budget summary. 72 Summary. 72 References cited. 75 Index. 79
Identifying mechanisms that underlie links between COMT genotype and aggression in male adolescents with ADHD

Background: There is a known strong genetic contribution to aggression in those with ADHD. In a previous investigation of a large population cohort, impaired ‘emotional/social cognitive’ processing, assessed by questionnaire, was observed to mediate the link between COMT Val158Met and aggression in individuals with ADHD. We set out to replicate and extend this ﬁnding in a clinical sample, using task-based and physiological assessments of emotional and cognitive processing. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that directly assessed emotional processing mediates the link between COMT Val158Met and aggression in young people with ADHD. Methods: Males aged 10 – 17 years with ADHD were recruited from UK community clinics ( n = 194). Research diagnostic interviews (parent and child) were used to assess psychopathology and generate DSM-IV Conduct Disorder symptom scores. Participants completed tasks assessing executive function (response inhibition and set shifting), empathy for fear, sadness and happiness, and fear conditioning [measured using skin conductance responses (SCR) to aversive stimuli]. Results: COMT V al allele carriers showed poorer response inhibition ( F = 5.27, p = .02) and set shifting abilities ( F = 6.45, p = .01), reduced fear empathy ( F = 4.33, p = .04) and reduced autonomic responsiveness (lower SCRs) to the conditioned aversive stimulus ( F = 11.74, p = .001). COMT Val158Met did not predict impairments in recognising others’ emotions or affective empathy for happiness or sadness. Mediation analysis revealed that impaired fear-related mechanisms indirectly mediated the link between COMT Val158Met and aggression. Conclusion: Our ﬁndings suggest fear mechanisms as possible targets for psychological interventions to disrupt links between genetic risk and aggressive outcomes in ADHD. Our ﬁndings also reveal the potential of hypothesis-driven approaches for identifying neuropsychological mechanisms that mediate genetic risk effects on behaviour and psychopathology. mediator variables on the pathway between COMT Val158Met genotype and aggression in ADHD. Mediation analyses were undertaken according to the criteria proposed by MacKinnon, Lockwood, Hoffman, West, and Sheets (2002). This approach enables statistical tests of the indirect pathway (x - > m - > y) where the independent variable ( COMT Val158Met genotype; x) and dependent variable (the dimensional measure of aggression symptom score; y) are both signiﬁcantly associated with the putative mediator (e.g. executive function or fear conditioning; m). Signiﬁcance of the indirect pathway was consid- ered if the bias corrected 95% conﬁdence interval did not cross zero (Preacher & Hayes, 2008).
La cuestión del gobierno representativo en el Distrito Federal mexicano

Numero 4 Enero - Junio 2001 Revista Mexicana de Derecho Constitucional ISSN 1405-9193 LA CUESTION DEL GOBIERNO REPRESENTATIVO EN EL DISTRITO FEDERAL MEXICANO* Ignacio MARVAN LABORDE** This work deals with the political-juridical evolution in Mexico"s Federal Constitutions of the Federal Dis-trict and its municipalities (based on 1928 "delegations"). Another comment in the same manner are the main deficiencies and contradictions existing within the current Constitutional framework with respect to the consolidation of a Federal District government. Finally, the basic problems which must be resolved in designing representative governments of what Federal District inhabitants know as dele-gations are discussed, from this viewpoint, analyzing the initiatives presented in this connection, together with the problems arising from the current solution. The author concludes that, in view of the crea-ted maladjustment, this matter has not yet been closed, and is therefore one calling for further discussion. * Nota: Debido que la traduccion es automatica podra ser inexacta o contener errores.
Fast Pedestrian Detection by Cascaded Random Forest with Dominant Orientation Templates

In this paper, we present a new pedestrian detection method combining Random Forest and Dominant Orientation Templates(DOT) to achieve state-of-the-art accuracy and, more importantly, to accelerate run-time speed. DOT can be considered as a binary version of Histogram of Oriented Gradients(HOG) and therefore provides time-efficient properties. However, since discarding magnitude information, it degrades the detection rate, when it is directly incorporated. We propose a novel template-matching split function using DOT for Random Forest. It divides a feature space in a non-linear manner, but has a very low complexity up to binary bit-wise operations. Experiments demonstrate that our method provides much superior speed with comparable accuracy to state-ofthe-art pedestrian detectors. By combining a holistic and a patch-based detectors in a cascade manner, we accelerate the detection speed of Hough Forest, a prior-art using Random Forest and HOG, by about 20 times. The obtained speed is 5 frames per second for 640×480 images with 24 scales.
Using Geographically Weighted Regression to Detect Housing Submarkets: Modeling Large-Scale Spatial Variations in Value

Many researchers and mass appraisal practitioners have established the benefit of segmenting a study area into two or more submarkets as a means of incorporating the large-scale effects of location within mass valuation models. The techniques applied for identifying locational submarkets or segments are quite varied, and often arbitrary. This article describes a segmentation technique based on the use of geographically weighted regression (GWR) which could be applied within the mass appraisal environment. The efficacy of the procedure is established by demonstrating improvements in predictive accuracy of the resultant segmented market models as compared to a baseline global unsegmented model for each of the study areas and then using the segmented markets in a series of spatially aware valuation models.
Active tectonics of the Adriatic region from GPS and earthquake slip vectors

[1] To investigate the kinematics of the Adriatic region, we integrate continuous and episodic GPS measurements with Mw > 4.5 earthquake slip vectors selected from the Regional Centroid Moment Tensor catalogue. Coherent motion of GPS sites in the Po Valley, in Apulia, and in the Hyblean Plateau allows us to estimate geodetically constrained angular velocities for these regions. The predictions of the GPS-inferred angular velocities are compared with the earthquake slip vectors, showing that the seismically expressed deformation at the microplate boundaries is consistent with the observed geodetic motion. The remarkable consistency between geodetic, seismological, and geological evidence of active tectonics suggests that active deformation in the central Adriatic is controlled by the relative motion between the Adria and Apulia microplates. The microplates' angular rotation rates are then compared with the rotation rates calculated with a simple block model supporting the hypotheses (1) that Apulia forms a single microplate with the Ionian Sea and possibly with the Hyblean region and (2) that Adria and Apulia rotate in such a way as to accommodate the Eurasia-Nubia relative motion. We suggest that the present-day microplate configuration follows a recent fragmentation of the Adriatic promontory that during the Neogene rigidly transferred the Africa motion to the orogenic belts that now surround the Adriatic region.
catena-Poly[[bis(nitrato-κO)cadmium]bis[μ-1,4-bis(pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)benzene-κ2 N:N′]]

In the title compound, [Cd(NO3)2(C18H16N2O2)2]n, the six-coordinated CdII ion is located on an inversion center and has a distorted octahedral environment defined by four N atoms from four 1,4-bis(pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)benzene ligands and two O atoms from two nitrate anions. The ligands link the CdII ions into a ribbon-like structure running along [201]. One O atom of the nitrate anion is disordered over two positions with site-occupancy factors of 0.59 (2) and 0.41 (2).
Current Transformer-Based System for Measuring Leakage Current

Insulators are crucial components in high-voltage electrical systems, and their failure can result in substantial economic losses exceeding acquisition and installation costs. Failures can also overload transmission lines and cause power outages in large areas. Pollution, particularly in coastal regions, is a leading cause of insulator failure. Soluble salts like NaCl and Na2SO4 adhere to the insulator surface, creating an alternative conductive path for current leakage. In this work, a current transformer was used to develop a measurement system. The system underwent core characterization experiments and signal post-processing. The constructed prototype successfully measured and recovered the signal, demonstrating its suitability and viability for measuring leakage current in insulators. The system is capable of measuring currents ranging from hundreds of microamperes to tens of milliamperes within the frequency range of 60 Hz to 540 Hz. It enables continuous monitoring and analysis of the current in insulators.
Chromium Toxicity Test for Fall Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Using Hanford Site Groundwater: Onsite Early Life-Stage Toxicity Evaluation

The objective of this study was to evaluate site-specific effects for early life-stage (eyed eggs to free swimming juveniles) fall chinook salmon that might be exposed to hexavalent chromium from Hanford groundwater sources. Our exposure conditions included hexavalent chromium obtained from Hanford groundwater wells near the Columbia River, Columbia River water as the diluent, and locally adapted populations of fall chinook salmon. This report describes both a 96-hr pretest using rainbow trout eggs and an early life-stage test beginning with chinook salmon eggs.
Charged-particle distributions in pp interactions at $$\sqrt{s}=8 \mathrm {\, TeV}$$ measured with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of distributions of charged particles which are produced in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √ s = 8 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. A special dataset recorded in 2012 with a small number of interactions per beam crossing (below 0.004) and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 160 µ b − 1 was used. A minimum-bias trigger was utilised to select a data sample of more than 9 million collision events. The multiplicity, pseudorapidity, and transverse momentum distributions of charged particles are shown in di ﬀ erent regions of kinematics and charged-particle multiplicity, including measurements of ﬁnal states at high multiplicity. The results are corrected for detector e ﬀ ects and are compared to the predictions of various Monte Carlo event generator models which simulate the full hadronic ﬁnal state.
K-Ar ages of biotite and muscovite from Pangong metamorphic complex, Shyok suture zone, India : Implications for the youngest post-collision metamorphic event in Ladakh Himalaya

The garnet-kyanite-staurolite and garnet-biotite-staurolite gneisses were collected from a locality within Lukung area that belongs to the Pangong metamorphic complex in Shyok valley, Ladakh Himalaya. The kyanite-free samples have garnet and staurolite in equilibrium, where garnets show euhedral texture and have flat compositional profile. On the other hand, the kyanite-bearing sample shows equilibrium assemblage of garnet-kyanite-staurolite along with muscovite and biotite. In this case, garnet has an inclusion rich core with a distinct grain boundary, which was later overgrown by inclusion free euhedral garnet. Garnet cores are rich in Mn and Ca, while the rims are poor in Mn and rich in Fe and Mg, suggesting two distinct generations of growth. However, the compositional profiles and textural signature of garnets suggests the same stage of P -T evolution for the formation of the inclusion free euhedral garnets in the kyanite-free gneisses and the inclusion free euhedral garnet rims in the kyanite-bearing gneiss. Muscovites from the four samples have consistent K-Ar ages, suggesting the cooling age (∼ 10 Ma) of the gneisses. These ages make a constraint on the timing of the youngest post-collision metamorphic event that may be closely related to an activation of the Karakoram fault in Pangong metamorphic complex.
Investigation of Nano-and Micro-Sized Amorphous Materials under the Influence of High-Energy Radiation

— This research explored the behavior of glass when bombarded by high-energy radiation, especially electron beams inside transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Six types of glasses are investigated under e-beam. The work is conducted using three types of TEMs of energies of 120, 200, and 300 keV. The findings show that these microscopies have a significant impact on the glass, as various observations were documented. Using a wide electron beam, morphology changes combined with bubble formation are observed in the glass. These changes are rounding and smoothening of glass edges and surfaces. In addition, the findings show that there is no material loss due to irradiation as confirmed by the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results also show that high silica glass is very sensitive, while high boron glass is found to be less sensitive to irradiation. Using a smaller size electron beam, on the other hand, resulted in the fabrication of a nanoring/nanocrater in glass. The possible applications of this research can be in the protection and packaging of three-dimensional electronic equipment and nanoscale pattern formation through roughening of the external glass contour through phase separation and the opposite through local changing of a part of the glass through the pseudo-melting and the stability of loaded and un-loaded glasses to the irradiation. Furthermore, by generating a nanoring or a nanocrater through e-beam, the lithography process is successfully performed, as the effect of the electron beam is solely at the irradiation region, while the regions outside the e-beam remain unaffected.
Does Size Matter? Knowledge-Based Development of Second-Order City-Regions in Finland

Abstract Achieving knowledge-based urban development (KBUD) depends profoundly on not only encouraging the development of economic activities, but also strengthening the societal, environmental and governance bases of city-regions. In recent years, a number of global city-regions have been investigated from the angle of this multidimensional perspective, which has provided a new comprehension of the development processes of primate city-regions. However, there is a knowledge gap in understanding how KBUD works in the second-order city-region (SOCR) context. This warrants more attention as SOCRs potentially help secure balanced development and territorial cohesion. This paper aims to empirically investigate KBUD performances of SOCRs in order to generate new insights. An assessment framework is utilised in the Finnish context, where the findings provide a nationally bench-marked snapshot of the degree of achievements of SOCRs based on numerous KBUD performance areas. The results shed light on the unique Finnish urban and regional development process, and provide lessons for other SOCRs.
Channel characteristics study for future indoor millimeter and submillimeter wireless communications

This paper presents a preliminary study of channel characteristics in the frequency ranges of 75-110 GHz and 270-320 GHz. We select a small office as a typical application scenario and carried out extensive measurements with the Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and frequency extension units in the room. A ray tracing simulator is applied for reproduction of the measurement results and a good match in spatial distribution of propagation paths between measurement and simulation is achieved.
Genetic Variation and Biogeographic History in the Restricted Southwestern Australian Shrub, Banksia Hookeriana

Banksia hookeriana (Proteaceae) is an endemic, fire-killed, shrub of southwestern (SW) Australian Mediterranean-type shrublands restricted to acid sandplains and dunes over a geographic range of only 80 x 30 km. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to characterize genetic variation within and among six populations encompassing the species extant geographic range. Populations from the north, east, and south of the species range were located on deep sands over laterite on the Gingin Scarp (90-180 m a.s.l.), while three populations were on lowland dunes of the Eneabba Plain (50-80 m a.s.l.). The geomorphic history of the acid sands upon which the species occurs is poorly understood. Regardless of their origins, at least some of these sands may have been mobile during the arid phase of the last glacial-interglacial cycle. A high level of genetic variation was detected, with 94.4% of 231 AFLP markers polymorphic. Significant genetic differentiation among most populations suggested an overall low level of gene flow and the accumulation of genetic differences within relatively genetically isolated populations. A phylogeographic analysis produced a clear dichotomy between upland and lowland populations. Preliminary interpretation suggests that populations on the Eneabba Plain may have expanded there from refugia on the Gingin Scarp following postglacial climate amelioration and dune stabilization. However, the tree is unrooted and differences between upland and plains populations may also reflect different selection pressures reflecting habitat variation.
Simultaneous observations at Darwin of equatorial bubbles by ionosonde‐based range/time displays and airglow imaging

Airglow observations of ionospheric electron density depletions made at Darwin, Australia have demonstrated that the tree‐like structure of bubbles developed at the magnetic equator are mapped along magnetic field lines with considerable accuracy to the base of the ionosphere at higher latitudes. Ionosonde range‐time displays made at Darwin and other equatorial sites in the Australian region show characteristic approaching and receding echoes which converge on a typical spread‐F event. These off‐angle echoes have often been referred to in the literature as satellite traces and associated with spread F with little recognition of their true significance. All four optical depletions previously reported in the literature as being seen at Darwin are found in this paper to be accompanied by such typical off‐angle/spread F events. The zonal drift velocity of the moving reflectors can be measured from the speed at which such echoes approach and recede. Since digital ionosondes in equatorial sites have existed for many years, existing ionogram data, when suitably processed into range‐time displays, may allow the occurrence of such events over several sunspot cycles to be found. A question remains as to whether all or only some of such equatorial range‐time events correspond to electron density depletions.