Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Femoral Nerve Palsy After Pelvic Fracture Treated With INFIX: A Case Series

Objective: The treatment of some pelvic injuries has evolved recently to include the use of a subcutaneous anterior pelvic fixator (INFIX). We present 8 cases of femoral nerve palsy in 6 patients after application of an INFIX to highlight this potentially devastating complication to pelvic surgeons using this technique and discuss how it might be avoided in the future. Design: Retrospective chart review. Case series. Setting: Five level 1 and 2 trauma centers, tertiary referral hospitals. Patients/Participants: Six patients with anterior pelvic ring injury treated with an INFIX who experienced 8 femoral nerve palsies (2 bilateral). Intervention: Removal of internal fixator, treatment for femoral nerve palsy. Main Outcome Measurements: Clinical and electromyographic evaluation of patients. Results: All 6 patients with a total of 8 femoral nerve palsies had their INFIX removed. Variable resolution of the nerve injuries was observed. Conclusions: Application of an INFIX for the treatment of pelvic ring injury carries a potentially devastating risk to the femoral nerve(s). Despite early implant removal after detection of nerve injury, some patients had residual quadriceps weakness, disturbance of the thigh's skin sensation, and/or gait disturbance attributable to femoral nerve palsy at the time of early final follow-up. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Overcoming the Lack of Identification in Bowman’s Paradox Tests: Heteroskedastic Behavior of Returns

To date, the validity of the empirical tests that employ the mean‐variance approach for testing the risk‐return relationship in the research stream named Bowman’s paradox is inherently unverifiable, and the results cannot be generalized. However, this problem can be solved by developing an econometric model with two fundamental characteristics: first, the use of a time‐series model for each firm, avoiding the traditional cross‐sectional analysis; and, second, the estimation of a model with a single variable (firm’s rate of return), whose expectation and variance are mathematically related according to behavioral theories, forming a heteroskedastic model similar to GARCH (generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity). The application of this methodology for Bowman’s paradox is new, and its main advantage is that it solves the previous criticism of the lack of identification. With this model, we achieve results that agree with behavioral theories and show that these theories can also be carried out with market measures.
Study on dual delta bank for harmonic reduction in 3-phase TCR

In this paper the conventional ‘Delta’ connected TCR bank is split into two identical ‘Delta’ banks each having kVAr capacity half of the total TCR capacity. The study presented shows that such combination of two identical ‘Delta’ connected reactor banks, one with phase switching by thyristors and the other with line switching thyristor arrangement can effectively reduce the harmonic generation of TCR. Since both the three phase banks are connected in delta, the zero sequence triplen harmonics generated due to phase control of thyristors remain trapped inside the delta, thus reducing the harmonic injection into the power system. Further, some other major characteristic harmonics are also minimized in the TCR line current. Thus the new TCR yields a low current THD which meets the requisite harmonics standards and it can therefore be used as an economic solution for reactive power control over a reasonable range in high power grid without using any external harmonic filter or special phase shifting transformer. This paper describes in detail the modeling, analysis and performance assessment of the proposed scheme. Simulation results are also furnished to evaluate the output characteristics of the model under varying operating conditions. Finally, experimental results are presented, which proves the theoretical proposition.
How does entrepreneurial activity affect the supply of informal investors?

This paper examines the prevalence and the determinants of informal entrepreneurial investment activity (including investors in firms of family and friends, and business angels), using a dataset of more than 175,000 individuals – including some 4000 informal investors – in 28 highly developed countries over the period 2002–04. We distinguish between micro-level and macro-level determinants. The results uncover a positive virtuous circle where the demand for informal investment tends to generate its own supply as a result of micro and macro factors. Our results also suggest that higher levels of entrepreneurial activity at the country level increase the probability that venture capital and informal investment work in tandem with one another as complements rather than substitutes. Overall, we find that entrepreneurial activity whether ongoing or having resulted in exit appears to boost the supply of informal investors. This effect applies to both friends and family (F&F) and business angel investor types.
Papilloedema and Increased Intracranial Pressure as a Result of Unilateral Jugular Vein Thrombosis

Abstract Intracranial hypertension and papilloedema are known to develop secondary to cerebral sinus or bilateral jugular vein thrombosis. However, in rare cases, unilateral jugular vein thrombosis may lead to increased intracranial pressure and papilloedema with resultant headache and vision changes. We describe a 45-year-old patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx that developed right jugular vein thrombosis after chemoradiation therapy with cetuximab. This was later complicated by intracranial hypertension and papilloedema. The normal cerebral venous drainage, the potential role of chemoradiation therapy on the aetiology of jugular vein thrombosis, and the mechanism of increased intracranial pressure secondary to unilateral jugular vein occlusion are discussed.
Rewards in a Global Context

Comparisons of compensation across internation-al boundaries may not be as straightforward as they appear. Organizations with employees in multiple countries must balance local country tax-ation and social welfare structures, indigenous pay delivery mechanisms and social and cultural expectations against organizational needs for cross-country equity and fairness. This article reviews current rates of pay in several major economies, as well as trends in compensation in those countries.
Improved Classification Ability in Littoral Environments by Decision Fusion

In this paper we investigate if the classification ability in littoral environments can be improved by decision fusion. We design and evaluate classifiers for discrimination of two ship types. The data was recorded with an underwater multisensor system at a sea trial conducted in the Baltic Sea off the east coast of Sweden. The sensor system consisted of both electrode sensors and hydrophones. The electrode sensors recorded extremely low frequency electric (ELFE) signatures and the hydrophones recorded underwater acoustic signatures of passing surface ships. Classification is performed separately on each signature and finally the separate decisions are fused into one unified decision. In addition, the possible benefits of temporal decision fusion are investigated.
Mode of Delivery and Risk of Childhood Leukemia

Background: Childhood infection and immune response have long been suspected in the etiology of childhood leukemia, specifically acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Normal primary inoculation of the core human microbiome is circumvented by cesarean section (CS) delivery, which is a proposed modulator of both immune response and early-life infection. Methods: In this study, we examined CS delivery and the risk of childhood leukemia using data from the California Childhood Leukemia Study (CCLS) case–control study and additive logistic regression models. Results: We observed no association between CS and acute myelogenous leukemia [OR, 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.52–1.55]. We observed a suggestive association for ALL and CS (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.97–1.54). When examining common ALL (cALL), defined as ALL with expression of CD10 and CD19 surface antigens and diagnosis occurring between 2 and 5.9 years of age, we found a significant association with CS (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.0–2.06). ALL subjects that are not cALL showed a similar risk as ALL overall (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.91–1.44). Because of previous findings suggesting effect modification, we stratified cALL subjects by Hispanic status. Although we observed no relationship for CS in non-Hispanics (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.72–1.79), we did observe a strong association between cALL and CS in Hispanics (OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.23–4.46). Conclusion: Within the CCLS, CS delivery seems to be associated with cALL and Hispanic subjects may be driving the association. Impact: Further research combined with investigations into response to early infection and the microbiome is warranted. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(5); 876–81. ©2014 AACR.
The European Contribution to International Financial Stability

This Paper considers how the European Union, and more specifically the euro area, can contribute to international financial stability. It sets the issues in the broader framework of financial globalization and international capital mobility. Sections 1-3 discuss globalization, international financial stability, and current threats to it – notably, potential crises in key emerging market countries and a possible ‘hard landing’ for the US dollar. In that context, EMU has clearly increased internal stability in the euro area and has promoted a dynamic development of capital markets. But in some respects, monetary union may have exacerbated systemic risks. Section 4 discusses financial supervision and regulation and procedures for dealing with liquidity crises. Section 5 turns to issues raised by EU enlargement. Section 6 considers aspects of EMU and the international financial system that relate to international financial stability. It stresses the need for coherent European positions on exchange-rate policy, the international financial architecture, and the euro as an international currency.
Leaving money on the table: evidence of underpricing in the Brazilian privatization auctions

The Brazilian privatization program raised about US$100 billion as a result of the sale of state-owned firms and assets over the period 1990 to 2001. Despite official claims that the privatization auctions were successful in revenue raising, statistical evidence suggests that the buyers, not the government, profited from the auctions. Using an event-study methodology and financial market data, I estimated the abnormal returns realized by the winning bidders on the days of the Brazilan privatization auctions. Statistically significant evidence suggests that the acquirers accrued, on average, positive 0.70% abnormal returns on those days. In other words, if the privatization auctions had been able to extract the entire surplus from the buyers, the Brazilian government could have raised another US$ 13 billion. This finding contrasts with two branches of literature related to mergers and acquisitions in the private sector and to the privatization programs in other countries
Individual differences in adaptive coding of face identity are linked to individual differences in face recognition ability.

Despite their similarity as visual patterns, we can discriminate and recognize many thousands of faces. This expertise has been linked to 2 coding mechanisms: holistic integration of information across the face and adaptive coding of face identity using norms tuned by experience. Recently, individual differences in face recognition ability have been discovered and linked to differences in holistic coding. Here we show that they are also linked to individual differences in adaptive coding of face identity, measured using face identity aftereffects. Identity aftereffects correlated significantly with several measures of face-selective recognition ability. They also correlated marginally with own-race face recognition ability, suggesting a role for adaptive coding in the well-known other-race effect. More generally, these results highlight the important functional role of adaptive face-coding mechanisms in face expertise, taking us beyond the traditional focus on holistic coding mechanisms.
In Vivo and In Vitro Characterization of a Novel MAO-B Inhibitor Radioligand, 18F-Labeled Deuterated Fluorodeprenyl

The aim of this study was to radiolabel a novel bis-deuterium substituted l-deprenyl analog (fluorodeprenyl-D2) with 18F and to evaluate its potential to visualize and quantify monoamine oxidase (MAO) B activity in vivo. Methods: The precursor compound (5a + 5b) and reference standard (6) were synthesized in multistep syntheses. Recombinant human MAO-B and MAO-A enzyme preparations were used to determine inhibitory concentrations of 50%. Radiolabeling was accomplished by a nucleophilic substitution reaction. Whole-hemisphere autoradiography was performed with 18F-fluorodeprenyl-D2. A PET study was performed on a cynomolgus monkey. Radiometabolites were measured in monkey plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: The 50% inhibitory concentration of compound 6 for MAO-B was 227 ± 36.8 nM. Radiolabeling was accomplished with high radiochemical yield, purity, and specific radioactivity. The autoradiography binding density of 18F-fluorodeprenyl-D2 was consistent with known MAO-B expression in the human brain. In vivo, 18F-fluorodeprenyl-D2 showed favorable kinetic properties, with relatively fast washout from the brain. Regional time–activity curves were better described by the 2-tissue-compartment model. Administration of a 1 mg/kg dose of l-deprenyl yielded 70% inhibition of MAO-B in all regions. Radiometabolite studies demonstrated 20% unchanged radioligand at 120 min after injection. 18F-fluorodeprenyl-D2 showed less irreversibility than did previously reported MAO-B radioligands. Conclusion: The results suggest that 18F-fluorodeprenyl-D2 is a suitable PET radioligand for visualization of MAO-B activity in the human brain.
Sensitivity of executive wealth to stock price, corporate governance and earnings management

Purpose – This paper seeks to investigate whether executive wealth sensitivity to stock price fluctuations serves as an incentive for earnings management. Design/methodology/approach – Using a sample of 475 chief executive officers (CEOs) from 410 randomly selected Standard and Poor's (S&P) 1500 firms, the relation between executive stock-based compensation, corporate governance, and earnings management is empirically examined. Findings – CEO wealth sensitivity is positively associated with abnormal accrual usage and the relation is consistent with income-smoothing. Also find that governance does not significantly influence the association between CEO stock-based wealth sensitivity and earnings smoothing. Research limitations/implications – This study has several limitations. First, it is assumed that the accruals models used provide accurate measures of abnormal accruals. Several recent studies question the reliability of these models. Second, the wealth sensitivity measures in this paper are based on Black Scholes option pricing. A number of the assumptions underlying Black Scholes do not hold for executive options. Finally, governance factors that influence the examined relations may not be effectively captured by the measures in this paper. Practical implications – The findings have implications for compensation design. Unintended consequences of high CEO exposure to firm-specific risk may not be effectively mitigated by governance. These results also have potential policy implications. In the wake of recent accounting scandals regulators tightened governance standards for corporate. The findings suggest that reliance on these standards as deterrents to earnings management may not be warranted. Originality/value – The study contributes to both the earnings management and corporate governance literatures. The results of this study suggest that CEO stock-based wealth sensitivity is an earnings management incentive.
Association between serum biochemical levels, related to bone metabolism and Parkinson's disease

Background: Vitamin D insufficiency and serum calcium disturbance have been reported to be more common in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients than in healthy control subjects, which may be due to a chronic disease or reduced mobility contributes to these relatively disturbances. Because of the high-vitamin D insufficiency in our population, we aimed to compare a biochemical levels which are related to bone metabolism, in PD patients in comparison with age-matched healthy controls, for the 1st time in a Middle East population. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was involved 105 (20 were excluded) PD patients, who were age- and -sex matched with 112 controls. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and parathyroid hormone analyzed by enzyme immunoassay; another laboratory data including, calcium, phosphorous, and alkaline phosphatase were performed by spectrophotometric methods. Results: There was no significant difference in 25OHD between PD patients and control group (P = 0.071). 25OHD level was not significantly different in PD patients compared to controls {odds ratio 1.003, (confidence interval [CI], 0.98-1.02), P value 0.793}. None of the other biochemical levels did not induce more chance for PD, only we observed in men has more risk of PD than women (odds ratio 2.53, [CI, 1.27-5.03], P value 0.008). Conclusion: Our data do not support a possible role of vitamin D insufficiency in PD. Regarding to variable changes in biochemical markers in PD patients than in controls; further studies are suggested to determine any plausibility role of them as a causal relationship or as an outcome of PD.
Speech and language outcomes in children with auditory neuropathy/dys-synchrony managed with either cochlear implants or hearing aids

The aim of this study was to assess the receptive language and speech production abilities of a group of school-aged children with auditory neuropathy/dys-synchrony-type hearing loss. Ten children who had received a cochlear implant in one or both ears participated. Findings for this group were compared with those for a matched cohort of implanted children with other forms of sensorineural hearing loss and with those for a group of auditory neuropathy/dys-synchrony children who were long-term hearing aid users. Results for 9 of the ten implanted children with auditory neuropathy/dys-synchrony were similar to those of the general population of paediatric implant recipients. (One child, who gained little perceptual benefit from his device, showed severely delayed spoken language development). Results for the group of aided auditory neuropathy/dys-synchrony subjects were comparable to those for their implanted counterparts suggesting that affected children should not automatically be considered cochlear implant candidates.
Integrins in the optic nerve head: potential roles in glaucomatous optic neuropathy (an American Ophthalmological Society thesis).

PURPOSE To demonstrate that specific distributions of integrin-based focal mechanoreceptors exist in primate optic nerve heads, suitable for translating stress and strain into the cellular responses of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. METHODS Normal human (N = 20) and rhesus monkey (N = 14) optic nerve heads and 32 glaucomatous optic nerve heads were processed for immunohistochemistry to determine the structural distribution of integrin subunits alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, alpha4, alpha5, alpha6, alphav, beta1, beta2, beta3, and beta4. Labeling patterns in glaucoma specimens were compared with those of normal eyes. RESULTS In all specimens, cells within collagenous laminar beams and sclera failed to label with any integrin antibodies. In normal eyes, alpha2, alpha3, alpha6, beta1, and beta4 antibodies localized to astrocytes along the margins of laminar beams and within glial columns. alpha3, alpha5, alpha6, alphav, beta1, and beta4 labeled vascular endothelial cells. In severely damaged glaucoma specimens, cells anterior to the compressed lamina cribrosa displayed persistent label for alpha2, alpha3, beta1, and beta4, whereas label for alpha4 increased and alpha6 was decreased. CONCLUSIONS Integrins alpha2beta1, alpha3beta1, alpha6beta1, and alpha6beta4 may provide attachment for astrocytes to basement membranes via laminin, providing opportunities to sense changes in stress and strain within and anterior to the lamina cribrosa. Vascular endothelial cell stress may be mediated by integrins alpha3beta1, alpha6beta1, and alpha6beta4, along with alpha5beta1 and alphavbeta1. In advanced damage, reduced alpha6 label and variable label for betabeta 4 anterior to the lamina cribrosa suggests astrocyte migration. Increased label for alpha4 subunits suggests activation of microglia.
Type I interferons.

Type I interferons (IFNs) constitute a family of structurally related proteins that are all derived from the same ancestral gene and act on a common cell-surface receptor. Contrary to many other cytokines, the production of type I IFNs is not a specialized function, and all cells in the organism can produce them, usually as a result of induction by viruses, via the formation of double-stranded RNA. Type I IFNs are indeed responsible for the first line of defense during virus infection and act through the induction of a great number of proteins. Of these, at least thirty have been characterized, and there are probably many more. In addition to their direct antiviral effect, type I IFNs exert a wide variety of other activities, such as for example the induction of various cytokines and the stimulation of different effector cells of the immune system. Due to these pleiotropic effects, recombinant interferons are used in the clinic to treat a variety of diseases, among which cancer, viral hepatitis and multiple sclerosis.
Using comparative genomics to uncover new kinds of protein‐based metabolic organelles in bacteria

Bacterial microcompartment (MCP) organelles are cytosolic, polyhedral structures consisting of a thin protein shell and a series of encapsulated, sequentially acting enzymes. To date, different microcompartments carrying out three distinct types of metabolic processes have been characterized experimentally in various bacteria. In the present work, we use comparative genomics to explore the existence of yet uncharacterized microcompartments encapsulating a broader set of metabolic pathways. A clustering approach was used to group together enzymes that show a strong tendency to be encoded in chromosomal proximity to each other while also being near genes for microcompartment shell proteins. The results uncover new types of putative microcompartments, including one that appears to encapsulate B12‐independent, glycyl radical‐based degradation of 1,2‐propanediol, and another potentially involved in amino alcohol metabolism in mycobacteria. Preliminary experiments show that an unusual shell protein encoded within the glycyl radical‐based microcompartment binds an iron‐sulfur cluster, hinting at complex mechanisms in this uncharacterized system. In addition, an examination of the computed microcompartment clusters suggests the existence of specific functional variations within certain types of MCPs, including the alpha carboxysome and the glycyl radical‐based microcompartment. The findings lead to a deeper understanding of bacterial microcompartments and the pathways they sequester.