Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Uzbek converb constructions expressing motion events

Converbs, which are widely used in Turkic languages, constitute a number of converb constructions conveying aspectual and Aktionsart meanings. These constructions, often called 'auxiliary verb constructions', have been well studied. In this article, however, which is restricted to Uzbek, we will study in detail a different kind of converb construction, that until today mainly went unnoticed by turcologists: the 'converb construction of motion' (CCM). It is defined as a succession of verbs, linked with the converb suffix -(i)b, in which each verb expresses a separate semantic component of the same motion event. Our research based on a monolingual Uzbek corpus showed that three Main Types and one Extra Type can be distinguished. These are made up of verbs belonging to well-defined semantic verbal categories, combinations of which constitute specific subtypes. It can be concluded that Uzbek has an elaborate system of CCMs.
Dental abnormalities of the southern thorny skate Amblyraja doellojuradoi (Chondrichthyes, Rajidae)

Teeth morphology has been widely used in taxonomic, biological and fossil teeth studies of Chondrichthyes. Herein, dental abnormalities in Amblyraja doellojuradoi are described. Almost 10% of 182 specimens sampled presented any of these types of dental anomalies: (1) an additional incomplete tooth row between two complete rows, (2) an increasing tooth base size and division of its cusps until the complete splitting of teeth in the same row, and (3) an irregular tooth arrangement on the right side of the lower jaw. Possible causes producing these malformations such as mutation, damage by feeding or reproductive behavior are discussed.
Evidence for healing of periodontal defects 5 years after conventional and regenerative therapy: digital subtraction and bone level measurements.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to compare radiographic assessment of bony fill by digital subtraction analyses (DSA) after periodontal surgery of infrabony and furcation defects with bone level measurements. METHODS For 19 patients with 19 infrabony lesions and 20 degree II furcation defects, five defects were treated conventionally and 34 defects were treated by regenerative periodontal surgery. At baseline and 60 +/- 3 months after surgery, clinical measurements (GI, PPD, PAL-V, PAL-H, PlI) and standardized radiographs were obtained. Furthermore, intrasurgically after reflection of a mucoperiosteal flap and 60 months after surgery after local anesthesia without flap reflection, the distance from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to bottom of the bony defect (BD) was measured vertically (PBL-V) and, in furcation defects, horizontally (PBL-H). Pre- and postsurgical radiographs were analyzed by digital subtraction. Bone level gain and DSA results were compared by simple regression analysis. RESULTS Surgical treatment revealed significant PPD reduction (- 3.45 +/- 1.56 mm; P < 0.001), PAL-V gain (2.84 +/- 1.36 mm; P < 0.001), and PBL-V gain (1.68 +/- 1.20 mm; P < 0.001) in infrabony defects, as well as PPD reduction (- 1.68 +/- 1.73 mm; P = 0.001) and PAL-H gain [1.43 +/- 1.70 mm (P = 0.001)] in furcation defects after 5 years. A correlation could be found in furcation defects between PBL-H gain and DSA (R2 = 0.34, P = 0.003), whereas the study failed to demonstrate a consistent correlation between PBL-V and DSA in infrabony defects (R2 = 0.12, P = 0.149). CONCLUSIONS DSA correlates significantly with PBL-H measurements in furcation defects. Thus, either method is a sufficient tool to evaluate bony fill within furcation defects. On the other hand, DSA did not correlate significantly with PBL-V measurements in infrabony defects. This discrepant contribution of DSA in the evaluation of these two types of defects may be explained by the fact that DSA primarily evaluates change in a buccolingual direction.
Heaven's Door: Immigration Policy and the American Economy. By George J. Borjas. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999. Pp. xvii, 263. $16.95, paper.

Since the middle of the 1980s George Borjas has made significant contributions to our understanding of the economics of immigration to the United States. This book synthesizes those contributions, makes them accessible to an audience of nonspecialists, and is likely to shape the debate over the nation's future immigration policy. Borjas explicitly ties his previous work on the changing skill composition of immigrants, the costs and benefits of immigration, and the long-run patterns of immigration assimilation to specific recommendations for lawmakers. He finds that the changing mix of source countries since the 1960s has led to the arrival of less-skilled immigrants who have adversely impacted less-skilled native workers, that the net benefits of immigration are small, and that the disadvantages suffered by immigrants last through several generations of their offspring. He advocates a “point” system that would admit a larger fraction of more highly-skilled workers, and a reduction in the overall number of immigrants to 500,000 per year, 33 percent fewer than were admitted in the 1980s and 1990s.
SGLT2 Inhibitor

Recently, EMPA-REG OUTCOME study and CANVAS program have shown that treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors significantly improved renal outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, these renoprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors are independent of their effects on blood sugar, body weight and blood pressure levels. It has been suggested that SGLT2 inhibitors will decrease glomerular pressure and improve glomerular hyperfiltration, because a rapid eGFR decline is often observed by treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors during the first weeks of treatment. It is also speculated that SGLT2 inhibitor-induced reduction in glomerular pressure is associated with an activation of tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism by an increase in solute delivery at the macula densa. Indeed, many clinical studies have also shown that treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors significantly decrease albuminuria independent of reductions in blood sugar, body weight and blood pressure levels. However, during treatment with SGLT2 inhibitor, there is no relationship between reductions in albuminuria and eGFR. In addition, recent animal studies have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors do not improve albuminuria in 5/6 nephrectomized glomerular hypertensive rats, indicating that renoprotective effects of SGLT2 cannot solely be explained by reduction in glomerular pressure. In this regard, we have recently shown that SGLT2 inhibition protects proximal tubular cells and peritubular capillaries. These data suggest that SGLT2 inhibitors elicit their renoprotective effects through multiple mechanisms.
[Gene expression during lens transdifferentiation from pigmented epithelial cells].

Pigmented epithelial cells of chicken and human dedifferentiate in the medium containing phenylthiourea and testicular hyaluronidase, and then trans-differentiate into lens cells in vitro. To understand the molecular mechanisms of transdifferentiation, gene expression during lens transdifferentiation was analyzed. As the first step, pigment cell and lens specific genes were isolated and expression of these gene was analyzed by Northern blotting . These results clearly shown that lens transdifferentiation proceeds via neutral cell state in which both pigment and lens specific genes are repressed. Oncogene expression was also analyzed. An elevated expression of the c-myc gene was observed during dedifferentiation process. It is expected that elevated expression of c-myc gene might prevent the cells from entering the G0 phase and thus lead to dedifferentiated state.
Improving TCP over wireless through adaptive link layer setting

Consider a communication link where the last hop is wireless and TCP is used as transport protocol over the end-to-end connection. We study the capability of the link layer to hide losses over the wireless link to TCP in spite of the time varying transmission quality. We focus on link-layer retransmission mechanisms and determine their parameter setting in such a way that a reliable communication link is provided. In particular, we choose a significant QoS metric at the transport layer and fixed its targeted value, and we adapt the maximum number of link-layer transmissions to the characteristics of the wireless link so that the desired QoS at the transport layer is provided. Results showing the impact of the link-layer retransmissions on the TCP performance are derived by using analytical models based on Markovian techniques.
Hereditary Differentiation of Anxiety and Affective Neuroses

Summary One hundred and fifty anxiety neurotic and neurotic depressive twin probands were differentiated into three groups by means of discriminant analysis, 50 in each group. The groups were named: pure anxiety neurosis, mixed anxiety-depression, and pure neurotic depression. Analysis of concordance rates indicated that only pure anxiety neurosis seemed to be influenced by hereditary factors.
Efficient MIMO Transmission of PSK Signals With a Single-Radio Reconfigurable Antenna

Crucial developments to the recently introduced signal-space approach for multiplexing multiple data symbols using a single-radio switched antenna are presented. First, we introduce a general framework for expressing the spatial multiplexing relation of the transmit signals only from the antenna scattering parameters and the modulating reactive loading. This not only avoids tedious far-field calculations, but more importantly provides an efficient and practical strategy for spatially multiplexing PSK signals of any modulation order. The proposed approach allows ensuring a constant impedance matching at the input of the driving antenna for all symbol combinations, and as importantly uses only passive reconfigurable loads. This obviates the use of reconfigurable matching networks and active loads, respectively, thereby overcoming stringent limitations of previous single-feed MIMO techniques in terms of complexity, efficiency, and power consumption. The proposed approach is illustrated by the design of a realistic very compact antenna system optimized for multiplexing QPSK signals. The results show that the proposed approach can bring the MIMO benefits to the low-end user terminals at a reduced RF complexity.
Comparative Study Between Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy (PSO) and Closing-Opening Wedge Osteotomy (Fish-Mouth PSO) for Sagittal Plane Deformity Correction

Study Design. A retrospective study. Objective. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of closing-opening wedge osteotomy (fish-mouth pedicle subtraction osteotomy [PSO]), for sagittal plane deformity correction and to compare the radiographical outcomes for patients undergoing conventional- and fish-mouth PSO. Summary of Background Data. The closing-opening wedge osteotomy has been developed to achieve a large magnitude of correction at a single level for patients with severe fixed sagittal imbalance. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and the radiographs of patients who underwent PSO by a single surgeon between June 2012 and December 2015. Forty patients were included and were divided into 2 groups according to surgical technique (fish-mouth– vs. conventional PSO group). Radiographical measurements included pelvic incidence, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, global kyphosis (GK), sagittal vertical axis, osteotomized vertebra angle (OVA), and the height of the osteotomized vertebra (HOV). Results. The preoperative, immediate postoperative, ultimate follow-up and correction of thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, thoracolumbar junction, and sagittal vertical axis did not show significant differences between the groups. Preoperative GK and OVA were significantly larger in fish-mouth group (GK: 47.1° ± 28.8° vs. 23.7° ± 16.0°, P < 0.05 and OVA: 31.7° ± 14.5° vs. 9.0° ± 11.4°, P < 0.05). The correction of GK and OVA were significantly larger in fish-mouth PSO group (GK: 48.8° ± 24.5° vs. 34.8° ± 17.4°, P < 0.05 and OVA: 42.9° vs. 25.0°, P < 0.05). Preoperative HOV between the groups was not significantly different; however, postoperative HOV was significantly greater in fish-mouth PSO group (2.3 vs. 1.7 cm, P < 0.05). Postoperative transient paraparesis occurred in 3 (20%) and 6 (24%) patients of fish-mouth PSO and PSO group, respectively. Conclusion. Fish-mouth PSO can provide a larger magnitude of correction compared to classic PSO without compromising spinal cord function for fixed sagittal plane deformity. Level of Evidence: 3
Fabrication, Modeling and Characterization of Multi-Crosslinked Methacrylate Copolymeric Nanoparticles for Oral Drug Delivery

Nanotechnology remains the field to explore in the quest to enhance therapeutic efficacies of existing drugs. Fabrication of a methacrylate copolymer-lipid nanoparticulate (MCN) system was explored in this study for oral drug delivery of levodopa. The nanoparticles were fabricated employing multicrosslinking technology and characterized for particle size, zeta potential, morphology, structural modification, drug entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release. Chemometric Computational (CC) modeling was conducted to deduce the mechanism of nanoparticle synthesis as well as to corroborate the experimental findings. The CC modeling deduced that the nanoparticles synthesis may have followed the mixed triangular formations or the mixed patterns. They were found to be hollow nanocapsules with a size ranging from 152 nm (methacrylate copolymer) to 321 nm (methacrylate copolymer blend) and a zeta potential range of 15.8–43.3 mV. The nanoparticles were directly compressible and it was found that the desired rate of drug release could be achieved by formulating the nanoparticles as a nanosuspension, and then directly compressing them into tablet matrices or incorporating the nanoparticles directly into polymer tablet matrices. However, sustained release of MCNs was achieved only when it was incorporated into a polymer matrix. The experimental results were well corroborated by the CC modeling. The developed technology may be potentially useful for the fabrication of multi-crosslinked polymer blend nanoparticles for oral drug delivery.
Etudes et recherches sur la distribution

Cet ouvrage propose des axes de reflexion autour de quelques grandes questions posees par la gestion d'une enseigne de distribution : les strategies de couverture geographique et la mesure de la performance, la definition de l'assortiment et l'etendue du choix offert, la construction d'une marque-enseigne a travers la communication et les marques de distributeur, les strategies multi-canaux, l'analyse du portefeuille de clientele, la fidelisation, le design d'environnement et la gestion de l'ambiance au point de vente (foule, musique), la cooperation avec les industriels, la communication promotionnelle, le management des categories de produits. Il suggere egalement des pistes interessantes pour analyser les comportements des clients, donnant aux variables psychologiques une place importante et colmplementaire aux variables socio-demographiques et geographiques (recherche de variete, reactions face a la foule, besoin de stimulation.).
Représentation et manipulation de structures topologiques dans un langage fonctionnel

Spatial computing is a research field that is aimed at developing formalisms, lan- guages and architectures in order to take into account the notion of space in computer science. We present MGS, a programming language dedicated to the representation and the handling of arbitrary complex spatial organizations. To achieve this goal, we defin e an unconventional formalism based on two notions: topological collections, a new data structure relying on the notion of cellular complex developed in algebraic topology, andtransformations, an original kind of case-based definition of functions to handle topological collections b y rewriting. We illustrate this formalism by describing the representation in terms of topological collections a particular class of spaces, the quasi-manifolds, and by implementing with transformations a standart mesh refinement algorithm. MOTS-CL´ ES : Systde r´´ collection topologique, transformation,MGS
Estimation of a drone's rotational dynamics with piloted Android flight data

In this paper, we estimate the continuous-time nonlinear rotational dynamics of a DJI F450 quadcopter which is controlled and stabilized by an onboard unrooted Android phone with a PID controller. Since the Android phone contains the only IMU in the system, we only have measurements provided by the Android Java API for estimation, which are subject to significant latencies because Android is not realtime system. Although prediction error methods are typically preferred for estimating general continuous-time nonlinear models, we show that the standard prediction error estimates are highly sensitive to the initial guess, and hence we introduce a total least-squares approach for estimating the initial model. Finally, we compare the estimated models to the model obtained from a traditional inertia measurement device, namely, a Bifilar test stand.
Antigen-Specific B Cells Are Required as APCs and Autoantibody-Producing Cells for Induction of Severe Autoimmune Arthritis1

B cells play an important role in rheumatoid arthritis, but whether they are required as autoantibody-producing cells as well as APCs has not been determined. We assessed B cell autoantibody and APC functions in a murine model of autoimmune arthritis, proteoglycan (PG)-induced arthritis, using both B cell-deficient mice and Ig-deficient mice (mIgM) mice that express an H chain transgene encoding for membrane-bound, but not secreted, IgM. The IgH transgene, when paired with endogenous λ L chain, recognizes the hapten 4-hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl acetyl and is expressed on 1–4% of B cells. B cell-deficient and mIgM mice do not develop arthritis after immunization with PG. In adoptive transfer of PG-induced arthritis into SCID mice, T cells from mIgM mice immunized with PG were unable to transfer disease even when B cells from PG-immunized wild-type mice were provided, suggesting that the T cells were not adequately primed and that Ag-specific B cells may be required. In fact, when PG was directly targeted to the B cell Ig receptor through a conjugate of 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl-PG, T cells in mIgM mice were activated and competent to transfer arthritis. Such T cells caused mild arthritis in the absence of autoantibody, demonstrating a direct pathogenic role for T cells activated by Ag-specific B cells. Transfer of arthritic serum alone induced only mild and transient arthritis. However, both autoreactive T cells and autoantibody are required to cause severe arthritis, indicating that both B cell-mediated effector pathways contribute synergistically to autoimmune disease.
PDK4 Inhibits Cardiac Pyruvate Oxidation in Late Pregnancy

Rationale: Pregnancy profoundly alters maternal physiology. The heart hypertrophies during pregnancy, but its metabolic adaptations, are not well understood. Objective: To determine the mechanisms underlying cardiac substrate use during pregnancy. Methods and Results: We use here 13C glucose, 13C lactate, and 13C fatty acid tracing analyses to show that hearts in late pregnant mice increase fatty acid uptake and oxidation into the tricarboxylic acid cycle, while reducing glucose and lactate oxidation. Mitochondrial quantity, morphology, and function do not seem altered. Insulin signaling seems intact, and the abundance and localization of the major fatty acid and glucose transporters, CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36) and GLUT4 (glucose transporter type 4), are also unchanged. Rather, we find that the pregnancy hormone progesterone induces PDK4 (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4) in cardiomyocytes and that elevated PDK4 levels in late pregnancy lead to inhibition of PDH (pyruvate dehydrogenase) and pyruvate flux into the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Blocking PDK4 reverses the metabolic changes seen in hearts in late pregnancy. Conclusions: Taken together, these data indicate that the hormonal environment of late pregnancy promotes metabolic remodeling in the heart at the level of PDH, rather than at the level of insulin signaling.
Oncogenic activation of the Lck protein accompanies translocation of the LCK gene in the human HSB2 T-cell leukemia

The tyrosine protein kinase p56lck transduces signals important for antigen-induced T-cell activation. In transgenic mice, p56lck is oncogenic when overexpressed or expressed as a mutant, catalytically activated enzyme. In humans, the LCK gene is located at the breakpoint of the t(1;7)(p34;q34) chromosomal translocation. This translocation positions the beta T-cell receptor constant region enhancer upstream of the LCK gene without interrupting the LCK coding sequences, and a translocation of this sort occurs in both the HSB2 and the SUP-T-12 T-cell lines. We have found that, although the level of the p56lck protein in HSB2 cells is elevated approximately 2-fold in comparison with that in normal T-cell lines, total cellular tyrosine protein phosphorylation is elevated approximately 10-fold. Increased levels of phosphotyrosine in HSB2 cells resulted from mutations in the LCK gene that activated its function as a phosphotransferase and converted it into a dominant transforming oncogene. The oncogenic p56lck in HSB2 cells contained one amino acid substitution within the CD4/CD8-binding domain, two substitutions in the kinase domain, and an insertion of Gln-Lys-Pro (QKP) between the SH2 and kinase domains. In NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, three of these mutations cooperated to produce the fully oncogenic form of this p56lck variant. These results suggest that mutation of LCK may contribute to some human T-cell leukemias.
Molecular Cloning and Functional Expression of Human Parathyroid Calcium Receptor cDNAs (*)

Parathyroid cells express a cell surface receptor, coupled to the mobilization of intracellular Ca, that is activated by increases in the concentration of extracellular Ca and by a variety of other cations. This “Ca receptor” (CaR) serves as the primary physiological regulator of parathyroid hormone secretion. Alterations in the CaR have been proposed to underlie the increases in Ca set-point seen in primary hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid adenoma. We have isolated human CaR cDNAs from an adenomatous parathyroid gland. The cloned receptor, expressed in Xenopus oocytes, responds to extracellular application of physiologically relevant concentrations of Ca and other CaR agonists. The rank order of potency of CaR agonists displayed by the native receptor (Gd > neomycin B > Ca > Mg) is maintained by the expressed receptor. The nucleotide sequence of the human CaR cDNA predicts a protein of 1078 amino acids with high sequence similarity to a bovine CaR, and displays seven putative membrane-spanning regions common to G protein-coupled receptors. The deduced protein sequence shows potential sites for N-linked glycosylation and phosphorylation by protein kinase C and has a low level of sequence similarity to the metabotropic glutamate receptors. Comparison of the cDNA sequence to that of the normal human CaR gene showed no alteration in the coding region sequence of the CaR in this particular instance of parathyroid adenoma. Human cDNA clones with differing 5′-untranslated regions were isolated, suggesting alternative splicing of the parathyroid CaR mRNA. A rare variant cDNA clone representing a 10 amino acid insertion into the extracellular domain was also isolated. Northern blot analysis of normal and adenomatous parathyroid gland mRNA identified a predominant transcript of 5.4 kilobases, and less abundant transcripts of 10, 4.8 and 4.2 kilobases in RNA from the adenoma. While there is no evidence for alteration of the primary amino acid sequence of the CaR in this adenoma, modulation of CaR biosynthesis through alternative RNA processing may play a role in set-point alterations.