Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Scheme for Quasi-Dynamic RCS Estimation of Multiple Targets Based on Polarization Scattering Matrices

The radar cross section (RCS) of multiple maneuvering targets is essential for radar design. However, it is challenging to make an accurate and real-time estimation for large problems. This letter proposes a novel scheme for efficient quasi-dynamic RCS estimation for multiple targets based on offline polarization scattering matrices (PSMs) of each target. It exploits the fact that the scattering characteristics of each target remain unchanged when they are in motion, and the PSM can be treated as its transfer function. The scattering fields of multiple targets are approximated by first calculating the response of each target separately and then synthesizing them. Therefore, the multiple targets scattering problem is decomposed into small subproblems, and the transfer function of each target can be reused. An error estimate is also derived to assess the effectiveness of the results. Two numerical examples involving several missiles and airplanes demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Results show that the proposed scheme can significantly reduce memory consumption and enhances online computational efficiency while maintaining a high level of accuracy in the RCS estimation compared with the traditional full-wave methods.
On Nonlinear Resonant Oscillations of a Rigid Body Generated by Its Conical Precession

The motion of a dynamically symmetric rigid body relative to its center of mass in the central Newtonian gravitational field in a circular orbit is investigated. This problem involves motion (called conical precession) where the dynamical symmetry axis of the body is located all the time in the plane perpendicular to the velocity vector of the center of mass of the body and makes a constant angle with the direction of the radius vector of the center of mass relative to the attracting center. This paper deals with a special case in which this angle is π/4 and the ratio between the polar and the equatorial principal central moments of inertia of the body is equal to the number 2/3 or is close to it. In this case, the conical precession is stable with respect to the angles that define the position of the symmetry axis in an orbital coordinate system and with respect to the time derivatives of these angles, and the frequencies of small (linear) oscillations of the symmetry axis are equal or close to each other (that is, the 1:1 resonance takes place). Using classical perturbation theory and modern numerical and analytical methods of nonlinear dynamics, a solution is presented to the problem of the existence, bifurcations and stability of periodic motions of the symmetry axis of a body which are generated from its relative (in the orbital coordinate system) equilibrium corresponding to conical precession. The problem of the existence of conditionally periodic motions is also considered.
Pedestrian Crossing Characteristics on Exclusive Right-Turn Lane with Island

In order to study the pedestrian crossing characteristics on exclusive right-turn lane in right-turn treatment with island, this study considers the arrival rule of right-turning vehicles on exclusive right-turn lane, meanwhile, the change of the headway of the right-turning vehicles on the exclusive right-turn lane during the saturated or unsaturated release from the upstream intersection of the right-turning vehicles is surveyed in China. On the basis of this, by comparing the priorities of the pedestrian and the right-turning vehicles in the saturated and unsaturated releasing period, the models of pedestrian delay are developed. Finally, the theoretical pedestrian delay calculated through the models is compared with the observed delay by using the field data, and then, the paper analyzes the differences of the pedestrian crossing characteristics of the saturated and unsaturated releasing modes. Conclusions are drawn that the maximum relative error between the calculated data and the observed data is 20% and that the delays of the pedestrian during the saturated and unsaturated releasing are obvious different, the vehicle volumes and the degree of congestion have a great effect on the probability that an acceptable gap occurs and the waiting time of the pedestrian.
The Role of Nonlinear Energy Advection in Forming Asymmetric Structure of ENSO Teleconnections Over the North Pacific and North America

In boreal winter, the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)‐induced Pacific‐North American (PNA) teleconnection pattern is farther westward during La Niña relative to that in El Niño, causing discernible distinct climate implications. However, there has been a lack of consensus regarding the underlying mechanism driving this asymmetric structure. This study highlights the contribution of nonlinear kinetic energy advection (nKA) to this asymmetry. The zonally symmetric responses to ENSO, specifically the anomalies in zonal mean zonal flow, generate opposing nKA patterns by advecting anomalous eddy kinetic energy in the North Pacific, which leads to the shift of the PNA teleconnection pattern. In addition to nKA, transient eddy activities responded to changes of baroclinicity help maintain the asymmetry through a feedback effect. These findings underscore the importance of considering extratropical factors, such as nonlinear energy processes and synoptic‐scale transient eddies, in understanding the mechanism responsible for the asymmetric structure of the PNA teleconnection pattern.
A SOIL WATER CLIMATOLOGY FOR KANSAS

Regional climate models suggest that summers in the Great Plains may become increasingly dry during this century, raising concern about the availability of water resources for irrigation and municipal water supplies. While the models predict drier conditions across the region, the impact of climate change on water availability at the local scale will depend largely upon the soils and their ability to store water during dry periods. This study presents a soil water climatology for Kansas using a climatic water balance approach. Monthly observations of temperature and precipitation for the period 1950–2006 are used to calculate climatologies of actual evapotranspiration, soil water utilization and recharge, and runoff at the soil unit level. Results indicate that actual evapotranspiration rates are small across the state during the winter and spring, reaching a maximum during summer. Soil water utilization is greatest during summer in eastern Kansas; soil water recharge is greatest in the spring in central Kansas and during the fall in eastern Kansas. Soil moisture surplus (runoff) is most pronounced in eastern Kansas during spring and early summer, and soil water shortages (deficit) are common year-round in western Kansas and in soils with low field capacities during the summer months.
Design of a Modular Pipeline Robot Structure and Passing Ability Analysis

To date, scholars have only conducted theoretical research on pipeline robots with cylindrical shapes over bends. However, not all pipeline robots are cylindrical in shape. This paper presents a theoretical investigation of a rectangular pipeline robot’s bending-passing ability using geometric and vector approaches and addresses dimensional limitations. Considering the shortcomings of most existing pipeline robots, such as the limited range of pipe diameters that are allowed, the inability to climb vertical pipes, and the single purpose, this study suggests a multi-functional modular pipeline robot that can support a wide range of pipe diameters. The drive module was constructed as a rectangular structure, which confirmed the accuracy of the bend-through theory. The driving module, as the central component of the pipeline robot, can accommodate pipe diameters ranging from 250 to 450mm. It was demonstrated that it can generate a traction force of approximately 600N, which can be used to drive other working modules.
Federated Learning-based Financial Risk Early Warning Model for Baijiu Enterprises

As the development of economic globalization deepens, the early warning and management of corporate financial risks have become increasingly crucial. This paper addresses the characteristics of the baijiu (Chinese liquor) industry and proposes a federated learning-based financial risk early warning model to achieve a balance between data sharing and risk prediction among baijiu enterprises. Through federated learning, different enterprises can collaboratively train an early warning model while safeguarding data privacy, thereby enhancing prediction accuracy and comprehensiveness. This paper begins by reviewing federated learning and the field of financial risk early warning. It subsequently presents the model's design and implementation, and concludes by demonstrating the model's effectiveness and superiority in baijiu enterprise financial risk early warning through experiments.
Simulating Dynamic Roots in the Energy Exascale Earth System Land Model

Roots are important contributors to plant development, functioning to provide nutrients and water for plant growth. However, roots and their functions are often simplified in Earth system models, which limit the feedback of root foraging strategy on plant productivity, and their impacts on the carbon cycle. The goal of this study is to introduce a new method to resolve the vertical structure of roots over time. The method allows plasticity of rooting depth distribution under nonuniform profiles of water and nitrogen, which influences aboveground dynamics. The dynamic root model optimizes root distribution for both water and nitrogen uptake but gives priority to plant water demands. I implement this new method in the Energy Exascale Earth System model. The resulting root distribution maintains agreement with observations in most ecosystems and marginally improves the gross primary productivity estimated by the model, compared to satellite observations. Increases in gross primary productivity are simulated in desert and boreal ecosystems. However, the model does not capture deep roots in the dry tropics, and therefore, productivity losses are observed in parts of the Amazon and the African savannah. I discuss details of the model algorithm, along with some sensitivity studies that shed light on the model behavior in water‐limited ecosystems. The study shows that additional model processes, such as climate dependent root depth, root hydraulics, root form and function, and better nitrogen uptake, should be considered to improve the root water uptake in the Energy Exascale Earth System Land Model (ELM).
Comparison of procedural characteristics of percutaneous annuloplasty and edge-to-edge repair for the treatment of severe tricuspid regurgitation

Background In recent years, new interventional therapies for tricuspid regurgitation (TR) demonstrated their effectiveness in reducing TR severity and improving symptoms. Currently, tricuspid transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (T-TEER) and percutaneous annuloplasty are the most widely used techniques in Europe. In this retrospective study, we compared procedural characteristics and learning curves of both TR devices in a real-world cohort. Material and methods Eligible patients with severe to torrential TR underwent either percutaneous annuloplasty or T-TEER as recommended by the local heart team. Patients with combined mitral and tricuspid interventions were excluded from the analysis. The study focused on procedural characteristics, TR reduction and learning curves. Results A total of 122 patients underwent either percutaneous annuloplasty (n = 64) or T-TEER (n = 58) with a technical and device success rate of 98% and 97%, respectively. Reasons for technical failure included right coronary artery (RCA) dissection prior to percutaneous annuloplasty, and two single leaflet device attachments (SLDA) during T-TEER implantation. The mean improvement of TR severity was 2.4 ± 0.8 degrees after T-TEER and 2.5 ± 0.8 after percutaneous annuloplasty. T-TEER procedures were shorter in terms of both procedure time and radiation exposure, while percutaneous annuloplasty, although taking longer, showed a significant reduction in procedure time over the course of the analysed period. Conclusion In summary, both interventional therapies reduce TR severity by approximately two degrees when used in the appropriate anatomy. The learning curve for annuloplasty group showed a significant decrease of procedure times.
The potential of novel native plant materials for the restoration of novel ecosystems

Extensive ecological change has been sustained by many dryland ecosystems throughout the world, resulting in conversion to so-called novel ecosystems. It is within such ecological contexts that native plant materials destined for ecological applications must be able to function. In the Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. wyomingensis [Beetle & A.M. Young] S.L. Welsh) ecosystems of the Intermountain West, for example, novel ecosystem structure and functioning are pervasive. Invasive species, particularly annual grasses, fuel repeated wildfires that drive previously stable ecosystem states across thresholds to less desirable states that are highly recalcitrant to restoration efforts. Structural changes include reductions of native flora, damage to biological soil crusts, and alterations to soil microbiota. Functional changes include altered hydrologic and nutrient cycling, leading to permanent losses of soil organic matter and nitrogen that favor the invaders. We argue that there is an important place in restoration for plant materials that are novel and/or non-local that have been developed to be more effective in the novel ecosystems for which they are intended, thus qualifying them as “ecologically appropriate. ” Such plant materials may be considered as an alternative to natural/local “genetically appropriate” plant materials, which are sometimes deemed best adapted due to vetting by historical evolutionary processes.
Impact of Organizational Trust and Empowering Leadership on Knowledge Sharing

The rationale of this study is to examine the impact of organizational trust and empowering leadership on the knowledge sharing of employees in Pakistan . This study also explores the intervening role of organizational commitment and attitude of employees towards knowledge sharing. In this study the data is collected from many private and government organizations. Almost 170 questionnaires were filled by employees. Regression and correlation techniques are used to test the hypothesis. The results have shown that organizational trust and empowering leadership have direct and indirect impact on knowledge sharing. The sample size of this study and Pakistani context might border the generalizability of outcome. This research adds to the past research and gives better understanding of knowledge sharing in the context of Pakistan. Practically this work will help the organizations to understand how to enhance knowledge sharing in the work place for getting competitive advantage. In setting where employees have trust on each other and are led by empowering leadership, knowledge sharing will better.
RESEARCH OF HIGH-FREQUENCY REMAGNETIZATION MODEL IN LAMINATED MAGNETIC CORES OF ELECTROMECHANICAL AND ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY CONVERTERS

The object of research in the work is charged magnetic conductors of electric machines and transformers.Laminated magnetic wire together with windings are important active parts of electric machines that participate in electromechanical energy conversion. The reliability of the entire machine is mainly determined by the actual condition of the inter-sheet insulation. Violation of the insulation causes parasitic eddy current circuits, which increases the specific losses, and also significantly affects the additional heating of the magnet wire and winding. The normative method for determining the quality of the charged core is the assessment of specific losses at a frequency of 50 Hz and an induction of 1 T, which should not exceed 2.5–4 W/kg. To determine local damage to the core, methods of local heating and fixation of overheating sites are used, which should not exceed 45 °C compared to the main part of the magnetic core. In the work, a two-dimensional field mathematical model of a charged magnetic circuit is developed. This makes it possible to carry out electromagnetic calculations in a near-real magnetic conductor, taking into account the variability of magnetic permeability, hysteresis, and the interaction of currents in adjacent plates of the magnetic conductor with each other, the so-called "proximity effect". On the basis of the developed models, graphs of current distribution and distribution of magnetic induction in one, two and three sheets were obtained. The resulting graphs show how the effect of current displacement increases with increasing frequency, where at a frequency of 100 kHz the magnetic induction density in the middle of the sheet goes to zero. The results of the research confirm the correctness of the model development in comparison with the classical calculation models also given, which allows them to be used for further research of high-frequency processes in charged magnetic circuits of electric machines
Land use regulation and welfare§

We estimate the effect of land use regulation on the value of land by exploiting variation in regulation and land values across municipal borders. Since the value of land gives us the market’s measure of the attractiveness of a location, our estimates allow us to draw conclusions about the effect of land use regulation on welfare. Reductions to an aggregate measure of regulatory intensity are welfare improving. Looking at a more detailed description of regulation leads to a more subtle prescription. complexity of the planning process and a planning process subject to political manipulation are most harmful. Not all land use regulation is harmful, however. Regulation which requires minimum lot sizes for residential development increases land values.
Estimating the Crustal Power Spectrum From Vector Magsat Data: Crustal Power Spectrum

The Earth's magnetic field can be subdivided into core and crustal components and we seek to characterize the crustal part through its spatial power spectrum (R(sub l)). We process vector Magsat data to isolate the crustal field and then invert power spectral densities of flight-local components along-track for R(sub l) following O'Brien et al. [1999]. Our model (LPPC) is accurate up to approximately degree 45 (lambda=900 km) - this is the resolution limit of our data and suggests that global crustal anomaly maps constructed from vector Magsat data should not contain features with wavelengths less than 900 km. We find continental power spectra to be greater than oceanic ones and attribute this to the relative thicknesses of continental and oceanic crust.
Potential of Dusts of Eugenia aromatica Baill. Dry Flower Buds and Piper guineense Schum & Thonn Dry Fruits Formulated with Three Organic Flours for Controlling Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Bruchidae).

Powders made from dryflower buds of Eugenia aromatica Baill. and dry fruits of Piper guineense Schum and Thonn. were formulated using cassava (Manihot esculenta L.), yam (Dioscorea rotunda L.) or plantain{Musa sapientum L. ) flour as carrier to give formulations of 10-100% active material (a.m.). Each formulation was tested at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0,1.2 and 2% a.m. for protecting cowpea seeds against Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius. The inert carriers were also tested at 2% to determine their activity against C. maculatus. Irrespective of inert carrier, E. aromatica at 0.8~2.0% caused 100% mortality of introduced adults’ of C. maculatus in 48 hr and prevented perforation of protected grain. P. guineense at 1.0-2.0% similarly caused 100% mortality within 48 hr. The organic carriers did not cause mortality of adult C. maculatus in 48 hr, but significantly reduced oviposition and seed perforation compared with the control. Mean percentage of C. maculatus Fl adult emergence was significantly higher in treatments involving use of carrier than the’ control.
Effects of Table Grape Cultivars on Fruit Quality and Aroma Components

The basic physical and chemical qualities, nutrition, aroma components, and sensory evaluation of 17 varieties of table grapes were studied. The quality evaluation system of different table grape varieties was preliminarily determined. Our results show that the soluble solid content in Ruby Seedless was 21.17%, which was higher than that of other varieties. The black varieties Aishenmeigui and Sweet Sapphire had the highest total phenol content. Aishenmeigui had high levels of tannin and vitamin C. In addition, the aroma contents in Meixiangbao, Ruby Seedless, and Shine-Muscat were higher than those in other varieties. Manicure Finger and Ruby Seedless had higher levels of C6 compounds. Moreover, the “Kyoho” series of grape Meixiangbao, Sunmmer Black, Jumeigui, Hutai 8 hao, and Black Beet were high in ester content, while Muscat varieties, including Zaoheibao, Aishenmeigui, Jumeigui, and Shine-Muscat were rich in terpene substances. Ruby Seedless, Shine-Muscat, and Heibaladuo had higher comprehensive scores in sensory evaluation. Hence, the comprehensive quality of Shine-Muscat, Ruby Seedless, and Aishenmeigui was better. These results may serve as references for determining the quality differences between table grape varieties.
Performance Analysis and Prospect of Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Transducers Based on Vibration Modes

With the maturity of ultrasonic transducer technology, as a traditional ultrasonic transducer, piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer has leaped into the public view. This article briefly summarizes the development of ultrasonic transducers and the classification of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers. In practical applications, different piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers are mostly selected based on the different sound source vibrations in the application scenarios. The principle analysis and structure introduction of longitudinal vibration type ultrasonic transducers, longitudinal bending vibration mode conversion type ultrasonic transducers, and torsional vibration piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic transducers are conducted respectively, and the application fields are pointed out. Besides, heat dissipation is an important link that affects the energy transfer efficiency of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers. For traditional air-cooled heat dissipation and phase change heat dissipation, the heat dissipation ability is investigated and analyzed separately, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two are compared. It is concluded that phase change heat dissipation can effectively solve the impact caused by excessive temperature difference inside the transducer, while traditional heat dissipation methods cannot solve this problem.
COMPUTER TOOLS FROM SLF TO SUPPORT LOCAL SWISS AVALANCHE AND ROAD OFFICIALS

This paper presents computer tools and models developed at the Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research and used by authorities in charge of avalanche safety in Switzerland. The tools are: the statistical model of local avalanche danger NXD-Lawinen which searches a data base for similar situations in the past and presents the associated avalanche activity; the snow cover model SNOWPACK, simulating the detailed structure of the snow cover; the avalanche dynamics model AVAL-ID calculating runout distances and impact pressures associated with powder and dense-flow avalanches; and the InfoBOX, an information system connecting specialists throughout Switzerland and collecting weather and snow data from different sources.