Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plastic deformation of tungsten under fusion-plasma exposure conditions

Using Nuclear Fusion to produce price-competitive electricity is an important element in the European Research and Development Agenda. The next big step is to create ‘first plasma’ in ITER – the key facility for development of commercial fusion power. While this fusion test-bed is under construction, a number of technical and scientific challenges remain problems that must be solved to enable the efficient and safe operation of ITER. Ensuring proper functioning of the divertor is one of those challenges. The field lines of a diverted plasma deflect particles, in particular impurities, in the scrape-off layer (the region from the vessel region up to the magnetic separatrix, which is the boundary of the confined plasma region) towards the divertor, where they are to be neutralized and removed through a pumping system. The divertor exhausts the heat produced by the fusion reactions and enables the removal of helium and other impurities by apumping system, hence it is a vital component of the whole system.
Endophytic lesions: a predictor of failure in laparoscopic renal cryoablation.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Laparoscopic renal cryoablation is an emerging minimally invasive management option for T(1) renal lesions. In an analysis of patients treated with laparoscopic cryoablation for renal lesions, our objective was to compare the treatment outcomes in patients with exophytic/partially exophytic and endophytic (peripheral but completely intrarenal) lesions. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 32 consecutive patients with anterior renal lesions who were treated with laparoscopic renal cryoablation between 2003 and 2005. Biopsy samples were obtained from the majority of lesions intraoperatively. The lesions were managed with 17 gauge needles and two freeze/thaw cycles. Follow-up was performed with CT scans at 3, 6, and 12 months, and then yearly. Treatment failures were defined as continued enhancement on CT or growth of the lesion. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test, correlative, and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 35 lesions in 32 patients were identified. Median lesion size was 1.9 cm. Median age was 67 years, with most patients having significant comorbidities. The median preoperative and postoperative creatinine level was 1.3 and 1.5 mg/dL (P = 0.38). Of the biopsy samples from 27 of 35 lesions, 18 showed renal cell carcinoma, 5 were found to be benign, and findings from 4 were inconclusive. Three lesions were completely endophytic. The median follow-up was 18 months, with treatment failures noted in 2 of 35 lesions (6%), both of which were endophytic (P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that only the endophytic status of a lesion was a predictor of failure (P < 0.05). These were lesions that relied entirely on intraoperative ultrasonography for targeting, which suggests that failure was a technical error. CONCLUSIONS Experience with renal cryoablation is still evolving. Our series further defines the role of laparoscopic renal cryoablation and its limitations in managing peripheral endophytic tumors. Completely endophytic lesions have a significantly higher risk of treatment failure. Reliance solely on intraoperative ultrasonography with no visual cues is a risk factor for treatment failure.
A Gross-Zagier formula for quaternion algebras over totally real fields

We prove a higher dimensional generalization of Gross and Zagier's theorem on the factoriza- tion of differences of singular moduli. Their result is proved by giving a counting formula for the number of isomorphisms between elliptic curves with complex multiplication by two different imaginary quadratic fields K and K ' , when the curves are reduced modulo a supersingular prime and its powers. Equivalently, the Gross-Zagier formula counts optimal embeddings of the ring of integers of an imaginary quadratic field into particular maximal orders in Bp,∞, the definite quaternion algebra over Q ramified only at p and infinity. Our work gives an analogous counting formula for the number of simultaneous embeddings of the rings of integers of primitive CM fields into superspecial orders in definite quaternion algebras over totally real fields of strict class number 1. Our results can also be viewed as a counting formula for the number of isomorphisms modulo p|p between abelian varieties with CM by different fields. Our counting formula can also be used to determine which superspecial primes appear in the factorizations of differences of values of Siegel modular functions at CM points associated to two different CM fields, and to give a bound on those supersingular primes which can appear. In the special case of Jacobians of genus 2 curves, this provides information about the factorizations of numerators of Igusa invariants, and so is also relevant to the problem of constructing genus 2 curves for use in cryptography.
First-principles Study of Lattice-defect Multiferroics and Strain Engineering

Multiferroics in nanoscale dimensions are promising for novel functional device paradigms, such as magnetoelectric memory, due to intriguing cross-coupling between coexisting ferroelectric and (anti-)ferromagnetic order parameters. However, the ferroic order is inevitably destroyed below the critical dimension of several nanometers. Here, we demonstrate a new path toward realization of ultimately small multiferroics while resolving the controversial origin of dilute ferromagnetism that unexpectedly emerges in nanoparticles of nonmagnetic ferroelectric PbTiO3. Systematic exploration using state-of-the-art hybrid Hartree-Fock density functional calculations[1] as well as the DFT+U calculations with a theoretical Hubbard U derived from the constrained random phase approximation (cRPA) successfully identifies that oxygen vacancies formed at surfaces/grain boundaries induce (anti-)ferromagnetism due to local non-stoichiometry and orbital symmetry breaking [2]. The localized character of emerged magnetization allows an individual oxygen vacancy to act as an atomic-scale multiferroic object with a nonlinear magnetoelectric effect that involves rich FM-AFM-NM phase transitions in response to switching spontaneous polarization. Moreover, we also demonstrate that the local (anti-)ferromagnetism can emerge at dislocations as a line defect. Therefore, defects in ferroelectric oxides can behaver as atomic-scale low-dimensional multiferroics. Engineering these multiferroic features opens a new avenue to the design of ultrahigh-density integration for atomic-scale multiferroics [3].
A posteriori error estimates for the Crank-Nicolson method for parabolic equations

We derive optimal order a posteriori error estimates for time discretizations by both the Crank-Nicolson and the Crank-Nicolson-Galerkin methods for linear and nonlinear parabolic equations. We examine both smooth and rough initial data. Our basic tool for deriving a posteriori estimates are second-order Crank-Nicolson reconstructions of the piecewise linear approximate solutions. These functions satisfy two fundamental properties: (i) they are explicitly computable and thus their difference to the numerical solution is controlled a posteriori, and (ii) they lead to optimal order residuals as well as to appropriate pointwise representations of the error equation of the same form as the underlying evolution equation. The resulting estimators are shown to be of optimal order by deriving upper and lower bounds for them depending only on the discretization parameters and the data of our problem. As a consequence we provide alternative proofs for known a priori rates of convergence for the Crank-Nicolson method.
Flexible MEMS-IC Microsystem by a Wafer-Level F-eSiFO Integration Process

This paper reports a novel F-eSiFO fabrication strategy of flexible microsystems based on the mature eSiFO (Embedded Silicon Fan-Out) technology. Heterogeneous dielets were embedded onto a silicon interposer and flexibly interconnected by the Parylene-MEMS process. The electrical wiring between different dielets realized ultra-fine line width and ultra-small pitches (L/S≤2μm). The F-eSiFO prepared high-density flexible microsystem presented stretchability at 33.3% ± 4.41% and Si areal coverage at 76%. The micro-Kirigami structures were fabricated, enhancing the stretchability to 50.7%± 3.71%. The F-eSiFO prepared flexible microsystem has shown great potential in MEMS-IC wafer-level manufacturing and packaging with the excellent electrical conduction capability to conform to complex and dynamic surfaces, which shows a promising future for more applications in flexible microsystems.
Pseudomonas eradication in cystic fibrosis: who will join the ELITE?

Arguably, the most significant event in the life of a person with cystic fibrosis (CF) is the acquisition of chronic pulmonary infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It heralds, in many cases, more hospitalisations,1 a more rapid decline in pulmonary function and a shorter life expectancy.2 P aeruginosa has the ability to form biofilms which are composed of non-motile organisms embedded in an exopolysaccharide matrix and which confer resistance to antibiotics.3 In individuals with CF, biofilms have been observed in lungs examined at autopsy and explanted lungs from transplant recipients.4 The extraordinary persistence of infection with P aeruginosa in the CF lung is thought to derive from biofilm formation. The mucoid phenotype of P aeruginosa is a marker of biofilm formation,4 and this phenotype is in turn associated with a worse prognosis compared with non-mucoid organisms.5 However, in the initial stages of infection when the organism is mainly in planktonic form, there is an opportunity to eradicate the infection before it becomes persistent. The first randomised controlled trial of an eradication regimen for early P aeruginosa infection was reported by Valerius and Koch in 1991.6 This evaluated a 3-week regimen of nebulised colistin and oral ciprofloxacin …
Time to Re-focus onto Cognitive Symptoms in Schizophrenia

Clinicians always feel helpless when faced with a person with residual symptoms of schizophrenia. Though the available antipsychotic agents have definitely reduced the disease burden and disability due to positive psychotic symptoms, the cognitive symptoms keep the affected person disabled and lead to poor functional outcomes. It is a cause of concern in routine clinical psychiatric practice. It has led to the FDA/NIMH initiative of Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) in 2004. [1] The multidisciplinary group which convened for MATRICS initiative proposed the clinical trial guidelines for the development of novel cognitive‐enhancing agents in schizophrenia. They also designed the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, as a measurement tool[2] in research to find novel procognitive agents. In this article, we will review the current status of research into cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia and their management.
Comparison of Physical Pretreatment Regimens to Enhance Protoporphyrin IX Uptake in Photodynamic Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance Skin pretreatment is recommended for adequate penetration of topical photosensitizing agents and subsequent protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) accumulation in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Objective To compare the relative potential of different physical pretreatments to enhance PPIX fluorescence in normal skin. Design, Setting, and Participants This intraindividual, randomized clinical trial was performed from November 28 to December 20, 2014, at Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, among 12 healthy volunteers 18 years or older. Analysis was based on intention to treat. All participants completed the study protocol. Interventions Participants were each exposed to standardized skin preparation with curettage, microdermabrasion with abrasive pads, microneedling with dermarollers, ablative fractional laser (AFXL), non-AFXL, and no pretreatment, followed by 3 hours of methyl aminolevulinate hydrochloride incubation and subsequent red light illumination. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome measure was methyl aminolevulinate–induced PPIX fluorescence accumulation. Secondary outcome measures were PPIX photobleaching and clinical local skin reactions, supported by noninvasive reflectance measurements of percentage of skin redness, transepidermal water loss, and participant-assessed pain. Results Among the 12 healthy study participants (8 men; 4 women; mean [SD] age, 33 [15] years), histologic findings confirmed standardization of interventions with partial removal of the stratum corneum after curettage and microdermabrasion and similar vertical penetration depths for microneedling, AFXL, and non-AFXL (median, 125 &mgr;m). PPIX fluorescence reached highest intensities in skin pretreated with AFXL (median, 8661 arbitrary units [AU]) compared with microdermabrasion (median, 6731 AU), microneedling (median, 5609 AU), and curettage (median, 4765 AU) (P < .001), among which similar enhancement was shown. Comparatively lower fluorescence levels were demonstrated for skin pretreated with non-AFXL (median, 2898 AU), methyl aminolevulinate–treated controls (median, 2254 AU), and untreated controls (median, 239 AU) (P < .03). Increasing laser densities (2% vs 4% vs 6%) and the number of pretreatment passes (1, 2, and 3 passes) did not enhance PPIX fluorescence. Local skin reactions were most intensified in AFXL-pretreated skin and correlated with PPIX fluorescence and degree of PPIX photobleaching. Conclusions and Relevance Under standardized conditions, PPIX accumulation was most enhanced after AFXL pretreatment, followed by microdermabrasion, microneedling, and curettage. Increasing the number of pretreatment passes and laser densities did not further augment PPIX accumulation. These results may indicate relatively enhanced PDT response by AFXL pretreatment in diseased skin. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02372370
ANALYSIS OF A CONTACTLESS AIR FILM CONVEYOR USING A VISCOUS TRACTION PRINCIPLE

Many industries require contactless transport of delicate or clean products. In this study, a contactless air film conveyor for flat objects is introduced. The object is supported by a thin film formed between the object and the conveyor surface and transported by viscous traction which is generated by controlled airflow underneath the object. Experiments are conducted to investigate the viscous force, which decreases as the increase of gap thickness. A simplified model is established to help characterize the viscous force. The calculated results show a good agreement with the experimental data. It is revealed that the viscous force is the resultant of an actuating force in the pocket and side areas and a drag force from airflow across the dam area. Simulation and experiments are conducted using a hybrid controller for one dimension position control. The results verify the effectiveness of the theoretical modeling and the control method.
Modeling of rheological behaviour of tomato spreads

The knowledge of the rheological properties of a material is very useful in the quality control of f oods, equipment design and analysis of the structural cha nges produced during the processing/storage. In addition , it plays an important role in the consumer acceptance d can be used in the development of new products sinc e allows to evaluate the effect of new ingredients/elaboration methods on its structure. T he aim of this work was to model the rheological behaviour of tomato spreads elaborated under differ ent processing variables (type of sugar, elaboration me thod and pectin percentage). All the products presented a non-Newtonian behaviour and the results could be fi tt d to Herschel-Bulkley model with a yield stress betwe en 4.3 and 71.2 Pa. The statistical analysis showed hi gher consistency for the parameters obtained in the sucr o e spreads compared to the products elaborated with isomaltulose. Finally, different equations are pres ented for predicting the rheological parameters as a func tio of the type of sugar and pectin percentage.
QoS-Aware Dynamic Composition of Web Services Using Numerical Temporal Planning

Web service composition (WSC) is the task of combining a chain of connected single services together to create a more complex and value-added composite service. Quality of service (QoS) has been mostly applied to represent nonfunctional properties of web services and differentiate those with the same functionality. Many research has been done on QoS-aware service composition, as it significantly affects the quality of a composite service. However, existing methods are restricted to predefined workflows, which can incur a couple of limitations, including the lack of guarantee for the optimality on overall QoS and for the completeness of finding a composite service solution. In this paper, instead of predefining a workflow model for service composition, we propose a novel planning-based approach that can automatically convert a QoS-aware composition task to a planning problem with temporal and numerical features. Furthermore, we use state-of-the-art planners, including an existing one and a self-developed one, to handle complex temporal planning problems with logical reasoning and numerical optimization. Our approach can find a composite service graph with the optimal overall QoS value while satisfying multiple global QoS constraints. We implement a prototype system and conduct extensive experiments on large web service repositories. The experimental results show that our proposed approach largely outperforms existing ones in terms of solution quality and is efficient enough for practical deployment.
Mining the Quantified Self: Personal Knowledge Discovery as a Challenge for Data Science

The last several years have seen an explosion of interest in wearable computing, personal tracking devices, and the so-called quantified self (QS) movement. Quantified self involves ordinary people recording and analyzing numerous aspects of their lives to understand and improve themselves. This is now a mainstream phenomenon, attracting a great deal of attention, participation, and funding. As more people are attracted to the movement, companies are offering various new platforms (hardware and software) that allow ever more aspects of daily life to be tracked. Nearly every aspect of the QS ecosystem is advancing rapidly, except for analytic capabilities, which remain surprisingly primitive. With increasing numbers of qualified self participants collecting ever greater amounts and types of data, many people literally have more data than they know what to do with. This article reviews the opportunities and challenges posed by the QS movement. Data science provides well-tested techniques for knowledge discovery. But making these useful for the QS domain poses unique challenges that derive from the characteristics of the data collected as well as the specific types of actionable insights that people want from the data. Using a small sample of QS time series data containing information about personal health we provide a formulation of the QS problem that connects data to the decisions of interest to the user.
Effect of Taurine on Hemodiafiltration in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure

Taurine, an important factor in the living body, is essential for cardiovascular function and development and function of skeletal muscle, retina and central nervous system. In the present study, its effect on cardiovascular function was specifically taken into consideration. In hemodiafiltration (HDF) patients, the effect of taurine on patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), in whom dry weight was difficult to control, was evaluated. All patients who were subjected to regular HDF for 4 h three times per week at Joban hospital were included in this study. Patients with chronic heart failure, in whom dry weight was difficult to control (N = 4), were included in the evaluation of clinical status. X‐ray and echocardiography were determined before and after taurine treatment. Almost all patients were taking nitric acid, warfarin, anti‐platelet agents and vasopressors. Because vital signs were unstable in chronic heart failure, all cases withheld antihypertensive drugs during HDF. For unstable vital signs during HDF, pulmonary congestion was chronically recognized. After taurine was started, vital signs stabilized and lowering of dry weight was possible. In addition, X‐ray and cardiac diastolic failure on echocardiography improved. Taurine was effective for CHF patients on HDF in whom dry weight was difficult to control in spite of various medications.
The microbiome of uncontacted Amerindians

Fecal, oral, and skin biomes of isolated Amerindians show higher human bacterial diversity including antibiotic resistance genes. Most studies of the human microbiome have focused on westernized people with life-style practices that decrease microbial survival and transmission, or on traditional societies that are currently in transition to westernization. We characterize the fecal, oral, and skin bacterial microbiome and resistome of members of an isolated Yanomami Amerindian village with no documented previous contact with Western people. These Yanomami harbor a microbiome with the highest diversity of bacteria and genetic functions ever reported in a human group. Despite their isolation, presumably for >11,000 years since their ancestors arrived in South America, and no known exposure to antibiotics, they harbor bacteria that carry functional antibiotic resistance (AR) genes, including those that confer resistance to synthetic antibiotics and are syntenic with mobilization elements. These results suggest that westernization significantly affects human microbiome diversity and that functional AR genes appear to be a feature of the human microbiome even in the absence of exposure to commercial antibiotics. AR genes are likely poised for mobilization and enrichment upon exposure to pharmacological levels of antibiotics. Our findings emphasize the need for extensive characterization of the function of the microbiome and resistome in remote nonwesternized populations before globalization of modern practices affects potentially beneficial bacteria harbored in the human body.
Using spread spectrum techniques to combat multipath interference in mobile random accessed networks

A study on the use of spread spectrum techniques to reduce the damage caused by multipath interference in random accessed mobile packet radio networks is conducted. Basically the reception of a packet is affected by three types of interference: channel noise, multipath interference, and multiuser interference. To reflect reality, signal capture due to near-far field effect is incorporated in the study. Two types of capture effect are considered. In addition to the great reduction of multipath and multiuser interference at the expense of bandwidth and the proper realization of the capture effect, it is further observed that the two types of capture effect behave quite differently. One of them seems too optimistic and behaves counter-intuitively. <<ETX>>