Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
fMRI of Thermal Pain: Effects of Stimulus Laterality and Attention

Brain activity was studied by fMRI in 18 healthy subjects during stimulation of the thenar eminence of the hand with either warm (non-painful, 40 degrees C) or hot (painful, 46-49 degrees C) stimuli using a contact thermode. Experiments were performed on the right and left hand independently and with two attentional contexts: subjects either attended to pain or attended to a visual global motion discrimination task (to distract them from pain). Group analysis demonstrated that attended warm stimulation of the right hand did not produce any significantly activated clusters. Painful thermal stimulation of either hand elicited significant activity over a large network of brain regions, including insula, inferior frontal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, secondary somatosensory cortex, cerebellum, and medial frontal gyrus (corrected P < 0.05). Insula activity was distributed along its anterior-posterior axis and depended on the hand stimulated and attentional context. In particular, activity within the posterior insula was contralateral to the site of stimulation, tested using regions of interest (ROI) analysis: significant side x site interaction (P = 0.001). With attention diverted from the painful stimulus bilateral anterior insula activity moved posteriorly to midinsula and decreased in extent (ROI analysis: significant main effect of attention (P = 0.03)). The role of the insula in thermosensation and attention is discussed.
Visualizing Sixteen Years of Data About Portuguese Leisure-Cultural Activities

This paper describes an interactive data visualization application that aims to show how the Portuguese people spent culturally their leisure time between 1994 and 2009. The leisure trend is displayed to the end-user through the use of different visualization techniques and visual cues. The authors developed the visual representations based on the use of simple and regular visual shapes that could be easily combined, interpreted, memorized and used. To better evaluate their results, the authors tested their prototype against a preselected group of subjects.
Research Article A Robust Adaptive Sliding Mode Control for PMLSM with Variable Velocity Profile Over Wide Range

An adaptive robust variable structure speed controller is designed for wide range of desired velocity control of a Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor (PMLSM). This is performed for comprehensive nonlinear model of PMLSM including non idealities such as detent force, parameter uncertainty, unpredicted disturbance and nonlinear friction. The proposed method is based on the robust Sliding Mode Control (SMC) in combination with an adaptive strategy for a wide range of velocity. The simulation results are provided for the above mentioned comprehensive model of PMLSM with a variable velocity profile. Moreover, as an evaluation criterion, a Proportional Integral (PI) controller is designed whose parameters are optimally tuned by the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm for better comparison.
Nonsecretory multiple myeloma

Among 186 patients with multiple myeloma (MM), five women were diagnosed as having MM without M‐component in serum and or urine at the diagnosis and along the evolution. Bone marrow plasmacytosis at greater than 30% was found in all patients and bone x‐rays showed lytic lesions in all but one case, osteoporosis in all, and pathologic fractures in two. Serum electrophoresis showed a striking hypogammaglobulinemia in all, and polyclonal immunoglobulin levels were markedly reduced. The immunofluorescence of plasma cells in bone marrow was positive for monoclonal light chain polypeptides in four patients, and the ultrastructure showed mature plasmocytes with a wide rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and an intact Golgi apparatus. In three patients, therapy with melphalan plus prednisone was started. The remaining two were treated with an M‐2 protocol. Death was an early event in two patients; the response was good in the remaining patients, without differences regarding secretory MM. Despite some reports stressing an unfavourable prognosis in MM without M‐component, in our series it is roughly the same as in MM with secretion.
STUDY OF FAMILY ENVIRONMENT AND ADOLESCENTS' POSITIVE MENTAL STATES VIZ. HAPPINESS, OPTIMISM AND HOPE: A CROSS-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE

The present research aimed to study perceived family environment and positive mental states viz. happiness, optimism and hope among the adolescents of two different cultures, Iran and India. The total sample comprised 400 adolescents aged 16-19 from Iran and India; Out of which, half were males and half were females. Family environment scale, The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Adult Trait Hope Scale, and The Life Orientation Test were performed and raw scores were subjected for various statistical analyses viz. Results clearly show that the family environment dimensions viz. Relationship, Personal Growth (Goal Oriented), and System Maintenance, are correlated with positive mental states viz. happiness, optimism and hope among the adolescents of the two above-mentioned cultures. It was also shown that there are cultural and gender differences among the studied variables.
New codes on graphs constructed by connecting spatially coupled chains

A novel code construction based on spatially coupled low-density parity-check (SC-LDPC) code chains is presented. The proposed code ensembles are described by graphs in which individual SC-LDPC code chains of various lengths serve as edges. We demonstrate that connecting several appropriately chosen SC-LDPC code chains results in improved iterative decoding thresholds compared to those of a single coupled chain in addition to reducing the decoding complexity required to achieve a specific bit error probability.
Efficiently collecting relevance information from clickthroughs for web retrieval system evaluation

Various click models have been recently proposed as a principled approach to infer the relevance of documents from the clickthrough data. The inferred document relevance is potentially useful in evaluating the Web retrieval systems. In practice, it generally requires to acquire the accurate evaluation results within minimal users' query submissions. This problem is important for speeding up search engine development and evaluation cycle and acquiring reliable evaluation results on tail queries. In this paper, we propose a reordering framework for efficient evaluation problem in the context of clickthrough based Web retrieval evaluation. The main idea is to move up the documents that contribute more for the evaluation task. In this framework, we propose four intuitions and formulate them as an optimization problem. Both user study and TREC data based experiments validate that the reordering framework results in much fewer query submissions to get accurate evaluation results with only a little harm to the users' utility.
Detection of human papillomavirus infection in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a cohort study of Japanese patients.

OBJECTIVE Recent evidence suggests that human papillomavirus (HPV)-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a separate HNSCC subgroup with distinct epidemiology, histopathological characteristics, therapeutic response to chemotherapy and radiation, and clinical outcome. This study aimed to investigate the role of HPV infection in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and the correlation between HPV infection, tumor suppressor protein p16 expression, and clinicopathological features in Japanese patients. METHODS In total, 174 OSCC specimens were examined for p16 levels by immunohistochemistry, and p16-positive OSCCs were analyzed for HPV DNA by in situ hybridization (ISH) and HPV genotypes by real-time PCR. The results were evaluated for the association with clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC patients. RESULTS Twenty-four OSCC samples were found positive for p16 expression; all of them were well-differentiated tumors. P16 immunoreactivity was significantly associated with the invasion depth and tended to correlate with sex, site in the oral cavity, stromal reaction, TNM stage, and survival. HPV DNA was detected in 13 of 24 (54%) p16-positive OSCC by real-time PCR; HPV 16, 18, and other high-risk genotypes were the most prevalent. However, ISH failed to detect HPV DNA in p16-positive OSCCs. CONCLUSION P16 immunoreactivity and HPV genotyping by real-time PCR may be useful markers of HPV infection in OSCC. However, although HPV-related OSCC showed good outcomes, HPV infection may have a minor role in oral oncogenesis in Japanese patients.
Objective Analysis of Face Feature and Expression in Traditional Chinese Medicine

Inspection, auscultation and olfaction, inquiring, palpation, called si-zhen in Chinese, are four diagnostic methods in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) which reflect a general identification to the variation of human body done by subjective thinking. Face diagnosis is one of the most precious and widely used diagnostic methods in inspection, but with a great deal of subjective information and experiential knowledge of medical physicians in the past. In order to meet the requirement of face diagnosis objectivity, combining with TCM theory and Chinese medical physicians' clinical experience, the framework of assistant face diagnosis is designed, and several methods are proposed to do the objective analysis of face feature and expression, including facial zang-fu respective localization, complexion extraction and classification, complexion transfer and eye expression analysis and eye-sight brightness computing, making use of biometric technology and computer image processing. Experimental results show that these methods are effective and have practical significant for assisting Chinese medical physicians to analyze diagnostic information objectively, as well as a theoretical and methodological support for the quantification, analysis and processing on the face diagnostic information in TCM.
Letter: Horner's syndrome following obstetric extradural block analgesia.

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Design considerations of a low-noise receiver front-end and its spiral coil for portable NMR screening

This paper reports the co-design of a low-noise receiver front-end and its exciting-sensing coil for portable nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) screening of chemical/biological droplets operating at 21.3MHz (0.5T magnet). To minimize the noise contribution of the receiver front-end and its coil compared to the induced signal, EM analysis is involved to optimize the geometry of the off-chip coil with the input-referred noise of the receiver front-end taken into account. By choosing a proper geometry of the coil, the resulted SNR of the receiver front-end was shown to be maximized with the dedicated input-referred noise of the receiver. Simulated in 180nm CMOS, the receiver front-end shows an input-referred noise as low as 920.11pV/√Hz at 25.2mW of power, and the estimated die area is ~2mm2.
Assessment of severe malnutrition among hospitalized children in rural Kenya: comparison of weight for height and mid upper arm circumference.

CONTEXT Severe malnutrition has a high mortality rate among hospitalized children in sub-Saharan Africa. However, reports suggest that malnutrition is often poorly assessed. The World Health Organization recommends using weight for height, but this method is problematic and often not undertaken in practice. Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) and the clinical sign "visible severe wasting" are simple and inexpensive methods but have not been evaluated in this setting. OBJECTIVES To evaluate MUAC and visible severe wasting as predictors of inpatient mortality at a district hospital in sub-Saharan Africa and to compare these with weight-for-height z score (WHZ). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cohort study with data collected at admission and at discharge or death. Predictive values for inpatient death were determined using the area under receiver operating characteristic curves. Participants were children aged 12 to 59 months admitted to a district hospital in rural Kenya between April 1, 1999, and July 31, 2002. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE MUAC, WHZ, and visible severe wasting as predictors of inpatient death. RESULTS Overall, 4.4% (359) of children included in the study died while in the hospital. Sixteen percent (1282/8190) of admitted children had severe wasting (WHZ < or =-3) (n = 756), kwashiorkor (n = 778), or both. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for predicting inpatient death did not significantly differ (MUAC: 0.75 [95% confidence interval, 0.72-0.78]; WHZ: 0.74 [95% confidence interval, 0.71-0.77]) (P = .39). Although sensitivity and specificity for subsequent inpatient death were 46% and 91%, respectively, for MUAC less than or equal to 11.5 cm, 42% and 92% for WHZ less than or equal to -3, and 47% and 93% for visible severe wasting, the 3 indices identified different sets of children and were independently associated with mortality. Clinical features of malnutrition were significantly more common among children with MUAC less than or equal to 11.5 cm than among those with WHZ less than or equal to -3. CONCLUSIONS MUAC is a practical screening tool that performs at least as well as WHZ in predicting subsequent inpatient mortality among severely malnourished children hospitalized in rural Kenya. Visible severe wasting is also a potentially useful sign at this level, providing appropriate training has been given.
Sonography of greater trochanteric pain syndrome and the rarity of primary bursitis.

OBJECTIVE Greater trochanteric pain syndrome is a common condition with clinical features of pain and tenderness at the lateral aspect of the hip. Diagnosing the origin of greater trochanteric pain is important because the treatment varies depending on the cause. We hypothesized that sonographic evaluation of sources for greater trochanteric pain syndrome would show that bursitis was not the most commonly encountered abnormality. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective review of musculoskeletal sonographic examinations performed at our institution over a 6-year period for greater trochanteric pain syndrome; completed a tabulation of the sonographic findings; and assessed the prevalence of trochanteric bursitis, gluteal tendon abnormalities, iliotibial band abnormalities, or a combination of findings. Prevalence of abnormal findings, associations of bursitis, gluteal tendinosis, gluteal tendon tears, and iliotibial band abnormalities were calculated. RESULTS The final study population consisted of 877 unique patients: 602 women, 275 men; average age, 54 years; and age range, 15-87 years). Of the 877 patients with greater trochanteric pain, 700 (79.8%) did not have bursitis on ultrasound. A minority of patients (177, 20.2%) had trochanteric bursitis. Of the 877 patients with greater trochanteric pain, 438 (49.9%) had gluteal tendinosis, four (0.5%) had gluteal tendon tears, and 250 (28.5%) had a thickened iliotibial band. CONCLUSION The cause of greater trochanteric pain syndrome is usually some combination of pathology involving the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus tendons as well as the iliotibial band. Bursitis is present in only the minority of patients. These findings have implications for treatment of this common condition.
Critical-Area-Aware Test Pattern Generation and Reordering

Advances in semiconductor device manufacturing technology, which have enabled reduced feature size and higher integration, have resulted in a gap between the defect level estimated at the design stage and that reported for fabricated devices. As one possible strategy to accurately estimate defect level, the authors have proposed weighted bridge fault coverage estimation. In this study, we establish unified weighted fault coverage, which takes both bridge and open faults into account, and we propose fast and compact test pattern set generation. The proposed scheme applies two-step test pattern generation where only second pattern set is reordered with search window for speed-up. Compared to simple greedy-based reordering, the experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme with a 10% initial target fault size and a 10% window size achieves approximately 10 times processing time reduction in exchange for a 10% pattern count increment.
TURBULENT STRESSES IN LOCAL SIMULATIONS OF RADIATION-DOMINATED ACCRETION DISKS, AND THE POSSIBILITY OF THE LIGHTMAN–EARDLEY INSTABILITY

We present the results of a series of radiation MHD simulations of a local patch of an accretion disk, with a fixed vertical gravity profile but with different surface mass densities and a broad range of radiation to gas pressure ratios. Each simulation achieves a thermal equilibrium that lasts for many cooling times. After averaging over times that are long compared to a cooling time, we find that the vertically integrated stress is approximately proportional to the vertically averaged total thermal (gas plus radiation) pressure. We map out—for the first time on the basis of explicit physics—the thermal equilibrium relation between stress and surface density: the stress decreases (increases) with increasing surface mass density when the simulation is radiation (gas) pressure dominated. The dependence of stress on surface mass density in the radiation pressure dominated regime suggests the possibility of a Lightman–Eardley inflow instability, but global simulations or shearing box simulations with much wider radial boxes will be necessary to confirm this and determine its nonlinear behavior.
Mitochondrial biogenesis is required for axonal growth

During early development, neurons undergo complex morphological rearrangements to assemble into neuronal circuits and propagate signals. Rapid growth requires a large quantity of building materials, efficient intracellular transport and also a considerable amount of energy. To produce this energy, the neuron should first generate new mitochondria because the pre-existing mitochondria are unlikely to provide a sufficient acceleration in ATP production. Here, we demonstrate that mitochondrial biogenesis and ATP production are required for axonal growth and neuronal development in cultured rat cortical neurons. We also demonstrate that growth signals activating the CaMKKβ, LKB1-STRAD or TAK1 pathways also co-activate the AMPK–PGC-1α–NRF1 axis leading to the generation of new mitochondria to ensure energy for upcoming growth. In conclusion, our results suggest that neurons are capable of signalling for upcoming energy requirements. Earlier activation of mitochondrial biogenesis through these pathways will accelerate the generation of new mitochondria, thereby ensuring energy-producing capability for when other factors for axonal growth are synthesized. Summary: Mitochondrial biogenesis and ATP production are required for axonal growth and neuronal development in cultured rat cortical neurons.
Schemata, Acculturation, and Cognition: Expatriates in Japan’s Software Industry

This multiple case based empirical study expands the knowledge around North American software and IT workers in Japan as well as the expatriate literature and discussion of cognitive schemata in cross cultural settings. The study includes eleven individuals, nine of them in software. Evidence of selection, rejection, and adjustment of cognitive schemata found in Japan's business world is presented. Changes in schemata drive cultural adjustment and acculturation. North American software and IT workers in Japan must maneuver through unfamiliar and often complex schemata to motivate, lead, manipulate, and communicate with coworkers and partners and thereby gain success.
Railway region detection based on Haar-like features

Safety is one of the most significant issues in railway operations, and obstacle on the railway regions is the most frequent reason why an accident takes place. In this paper, we present a learning based algorithm to detect railway regions, which is a fundamental and necessary research for obstacle detection on the railway. A Haar-like feature is proposed to describe railway regions, and we employ Support Vector Machine to classify railway regions from non-railway regions. The proposed method is evaluated on a number of challenging images and experiments demonstrate that the proposed method is an effective solution to railway region detection.
Linguistic Diversity in South Asia: Studies in Regional, Social and Functional Variation

be that of a village and its region, we know what the village is, but not what the region is, as the two types of regions have not been related. Mayer presents the structure of the village synchronically. He does include much fascinating data on the changes which have taken place in the village over the past fifty years, but in a fashion which has little relation to his structural description. The structure of the village is presented as an abstraction, and change as disparate events. The effects of these events on the structure are presented as a series of accidents, yet it is also clear that die structure as presented may also be an accident of the particular locus of the village and the time at which Mayer studied the village. Malwa is a historic region, which traditionally provided linkages between macro-regions of the North and Northwest and the Deccan and Western India, an area through which armies have marched and fought, subject to famine and open to trade. In the last hundred and fifty years, Mayer mentions in passing that invasion, famine, epidemic, rising populations, migration, legal changes, and political changes have affected the structure of the village. Change in this village and region is not epiphenomenal, but part of the structure. As a good British social anthropologist, Mayer has excluded from his study any consideration of culture. For example, what data on ritual are presented are seen as an expression of structural principles, and are not analyzed in cultural terms at all. It is important to see the uses of ritual in this fashion, but also some suggestion needs to be made that it is through some aspects of the culture that this village is linked not only structurally to its region but culturally to its region and to a civilization. Mayer's work puts those of us social anthropologists concerned with South Asia a major step forward. He has shown us both the strengths and weaknesses of our traditional method of problem selection, field work, and analysis which grows out of several generations of work in Africa, Oceania, and North America. Caste and Kinship in Central India provides a challenge for other social anthropologists to develop methods, and forms of analysis which can encompass the historical and culJOURNAL OF ASIAN STUDIES