Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-Mutilation and Suicide Attempts: Relationships to Bipolar Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, Temperament and Character

Objective: Self-mutilation has traditionally been associated with borderline personality disorder, and seldom examined separately from suicide attempts. Clinical experience suggests that self-mutilation is common in bipolar disorder. Methods: A family study was conducted on the molecular genetics of depression and personality, in which the proband had been treated for depression. All probands and parents or siblings were interviewed with a structured interview and completed the Temperament and Character Inventory. Results: Fourteen per cent of subjects interviewed reported a history of self-mutilation, mostly by wrist cutting. Self-mutilation was more common in bipolar I disorder subjects then in any other diagnostic groups. In multiple logistic regression self-mutilation was predicted by mood disorder diagnosis and harm avoidance, but not by borderline personality disorder. Furthermore, the relatives of non-bipolar depressed probands with self-mutilation had higher rates of bipolar I or II disorder and higher rates of self-mutilation. Sixteen per cent of subjects reported suicide attempts and these were most common in those with bipolar I disorder and in those with borderline personality disorder. On multiple logistic regression, however, only mood disorder diagnosis and harm avoidance predicted suicide attempts. Suicide attempts, unlike self-mutilation, were not familial. Conclusions: Self-mutilation and suicide attempts are only partially overlapping behaviours, although both are predicted by mood disorder diagnosis and harm avoidance. Self-mutilation has a particularly strong association with bipolar disorder. Clinicians need to think of bipolar disorder, not borderline personality disorder, when assessing an individual who has a history of self-mutilation.
An Accurate FDD-Based Approach for Discovering Distributed Firewalls Misconfigurations

Problems arising from firewalls are common, cost time and money and have dramatic consequences for the operations of networks, especially in multi-firewall enterprise network. In fact, any misconfiguration that can arise between rules creates ambiguity in classification and filtering of the traffic. The discovery and removal of these misconfigurations is a serious and complex problem to solve. Several solutions have been proposed, though these methods are useful for discovering anomalies, most of them identify each overlap between two rules with different actions as a configuration error while, in some cases, network administrator add, intentionally, overlapping rules. Also, in a distributed environment, they deal only with pair-wise filtering rules in a simple firewall and they consider relations between only two firewalls even if a network path could contain more than two firewalls and anomaly could happen between different rules from different firewalls. In this paper, we present (1) a new classification of anomalies in multi-firewall environment bringing out real configurations errors, (2) we use a data structure (FDD) to represent relations between different rules in different firewalls in the network, (3) a new approach to rule-set optimization and clean-up by removing superfluous rules from a simple firewall and firewalls in a distributed environment and (4) formal specification and validation of proposed techniques, we also proved its correctness and completeness and demonstrated its scalability and applicability.
Evolving Treatment Strategies for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract:It is well known that improved metabolic control significantly reduces both micro- and macrovascular complications in diabetes. As it relates to specific treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, clinicians have traditionally initiated lifestyle intervention and progressed therapy using various drug treatments first as monotherapy and then as combination therapy throughout the course of the disease. This “stepwise” strategy has not always achieved the desired outcome of normal glycemic control; consequently, several clinical problems, such as hypoglycemia, weight gain and postprandial hyperglycemia, persist. However, new therapies that improve glycemic control and have favorable effects to address the unmet clinical problems have recently been developed or are still in development. These therapies include 2 classes of incretin-directed therapy, the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and the glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, which help restore physiologic levels and activity of the incretin glucagon-like peptide-1. Also in development are additional therapies that have effects on the kidney to promote glucose excretion. These therapies are proposed to treat the key metabolic abnormalities associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and minimize the side effects noted with conventional therapies.
Developmental changes in diaphragm muscle function in the preterm and postnatal lamb

The preterm diaphragm is structurally and functionally immature, potentially contributing to an increased risk of respiratory distress and failure. We investigated developmental changes in contractile function and susceptibility to fatigue of the costal diaphragm in the fetal lamb to understand factors contributing to the risk of developing diaphragm dysfunction and respiratory disorders. We hypothesized that the functional capacity of the diaphragm will vary with maturational stage as will its susceptibility to fatigue.
Epidermal growth factor improves nutritional outcome in a rat model of short bowel syndrome.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE This study investigates the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on nutrient absorption in a rat model of short bowel syndrome (SBS). METHODS Male juvenile rats underwent either transection (Sham) or ileocecal resection leaving a 20-cm jejunal remnant. Animals underwent follow-up for 10 days, and resected animals were treated with placebo or recombinant human EGF (1-53). Animals were pair fed; in vivo nutrient absorption, intestinal permeability, morphology, and total intestinal DNA and protein content were measured. RESULTS Resected EGF-treated animals lost significantly less weight than those in the placebo group (-4.2 +/- 3 v -13.7 +/- 6.9%), absorbed significantly more 3-0 methylglucose (76.8 +/- 6.6 v 64.9 +/- 10.1%), and had reduced permeability (lactulose/mannitol ratio, 0.35 +/- 0.19 v 0.60 +/- 0.20; P <.05 for all comparisons). CONCLUSIONS These findings show that treatment of short bowel syndrome animals with EGF reduced weight loss and improved carbohydrate absorption and intestinal permeability. These findings suggest that enteral EGF may be a useful therapy for short bowel syndrome; further studies are indicated.
Interleukin-31 and Oncostatin-M Mediate Distinct Signaling Reactions and Response Patterns in Lung Epithelial Cells*

Lung epithelial cells are primary targets of oncostatin M (OSM) and, to a lower degree, of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-31, all members of the IL-6 cytokine family. The OSM receptor (OSMR) signals through activation of STAT and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways to induce genes encoding differentiated cell functions, reduce cell-cell interaction, and suppress cell proliferation. IL-31 functions through the heteromeric IL-31 receptor, which shares with OSMR the OSMRβ subunit, but does not engage gp130, the common subunit of all other IL-6 cytokine receptors. Because the response of epithelial cells to IL-31 is unknown, the action of IL-31 was characterized in the human alveolar epithelial cell line A549 in which the expression of the ligand-binding IL-31Rα subunit was increased. IL-31 initiated signaling that differed from other IL-6 cytokines by the particularly strong recruitment of the STAT3, ERK, JNK, and Akt pathways. IL-31 was highly effective in suppressing proliferation by altering expression of cell cycle proteins, including up-regulation of p27Kip1 and down-regulation of cyclin B1, CDC2, CDK6, MCM4, and retinoblastoma. A single STAT3 recruitment site (Tyr-721) in the cytoplasmic domain of IL-31Rα exerts a dominant function in the entire receptor complex and is critical for gene induction, morphological changes, and growth inhibition. The data suggest that inflammatory and immune reactions involving activated T-cells regulate functions of epithelial cells by IL-6 cytokines through receptor-defined signaling reactions.
Limit cycle control and its application to the animation of balancing and walking

work of [16, 5, 30, 35] is a good survey of recent techniques aimed at making the most flexible use of existing motion-capture and key-frame data. The advantages of motion capture are obvious: the immediate generation of realistic human motions. However, motion capture does not provide us with sufficient understanding to create more general walking motions, especially when conditions are unpredictable, when new motions need to be generated, or when dealing with non-human characters. Developing methods to control physical simulations can potentially provide us with a more general tool
T Cell Subsets and In Vitro Immune Regulation in “Infectious” Transplantation Tolerance1

CD4-targeted mAb therapy results in permanent acceptance of cardiac allografts in rat recipients, in conjunction with features of the infectious tolerance pathway. Although CD4+ T cells play a central role, the actual cellular and molecular tolerogenic mechanisms remain elusive. This study was designed to analyze in vitro alloimmune responses of T lymphocytes from CD4 mAb-treated engrafted hosts. Spleen, but not lymph node, cells lost proliferative response against donor alloantigen in MLR and suppressed test allograft rejection in adoptive transfer studies, suggesting compartmentalization of tolerogenic T cells in transplant recipients. A high dose of exogenous IL-2 restored the allogeneic response of tolerogenic T cells, indicating anergy as a putative mechanism. Vigorous proliferation of the tolerogenic T cells in in vivo MLR supports the existence of alloreactive lymphocytes in tolerogenic T cell repertoire and implies an active operational suppression mechanism. The tolerogenic splenocytes suppressed proliferation of naive splenocytes in vitro, consistent with their in vivo property of dominant immune regulation. Finally, CD45RC+ but not CD45RC− T cells from tolerant hosts were hyporesponsive to alloantigen and suppressed the proliferation of normal T cells in the coculture assay. Thus, nondeletional, anergy-like regulatory mechanisms may operate via CD4+CD45RC+ T cells in the infectious tolerance pathway in transplant recipients.
On-line Handwritten Signature Verification Based on Two Levels Back Propagation Neural Network

A new algorithm for on-line handwriting signature verification is proposed. 15 statistic features is used for representing the signature, which extracted from the handwritten signature, at the same time, applied as the input of Back Propagation Neural Network. Via the Daubechies-6 wavelet transforming, 32 wavelet decomposition coefficients of X coordinate and Y coordinate are selected as wavelet features. The two levels verification method is considered. The first level adopts statistic features, and wavelet features as the second. Through verifying five groups signature, FRR (False Rejection Rate) of the whole samples verification arrives at 6%, and FAR (False Acceptance Rate) is 1.07%. The experimental results show the efficiency and feasibility of this algorithm.
Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome through the lens of transcription

Lamins are nuclear intermediate filaments. In addition to their structural roles, they are implicated in basic nuclear functions such as chromatin organization, DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and cell‐cycle progression. Mutations in human LMNA gene cause several diseases termed laminopathies. One of the laminopathic diseases is Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), which is caused by a spontaneous mutation and characterized by premature aging. HGPS phenotypes share certain similarities with several apparently comparable medical conditions, such as aging and atherosclerosis, with the conspicuous absence of neuronal degeneration and cancer rarity during the short lifespan of the patients. Cell lines from HGPS patients are characterized by multiple nuclear defects, which include abnormal morphology, altered histone modification patterns, and increased DNA damage. These cell lines provide insight into the molecular pathways including senescence that require lamins A and B1. Here, we review recent data on HGPS phenotypes through the lens of transcriptional deregulation caused by lack of functional lamin A, progerin accumulation, and lamin B1 silencing.
Pyramids are guides not rules: the evolution of the evidence pyramid

Soon after the inception of the evidence-based medicine (EBM) movement in the 1990s, the evidence pyramid rose from the sand.1 As more evidence resources and resources for finding evidence were developed it became necessary to provide guidance on their use. The original ‘4S’ system (systems (eg, computerised decision support), synopses, syntheses, studies) soon evolved into the ‘5S’ system by adding summaries (‘evidence-based textbooks’), which incorporated information from the lower levels of the pyramid into a more comprehensive evidence base for managing a given condition.2 The latest evolution of this model by Haynes and colleagues, the ‘6S’ model, recognised that not all synopses (succinct, structured summaries of clinically important, methodologically sound studies published in evidence-based journal like this one) are equal, and synopses were further divided into two levels (synopses of studies and synopses of syntheses). 3 A further complexity of these pyramids is a hierarchy or pyramid of individual studies, which are located at the base of the ‘4S’ through ‘6S’ pyramids. This pyramid within a pyramid begins with in vitro studies at its base followed by ideas and opinions, case reports and case series, case–control studies, cohort studies, randomised controlled trials (RCT), and culminating with systematic reviews/meta-analysis at its apex.4 Inherent in all of these pyramids is the concept (while not always true) of a hierarchy; that less valid (higher risk of bias) evidence is at the bottom of the pyramid and more valid at the top. Also …
Support system for pocket billiards — Estimation of 3D cue direction

A support system for beginners of pocket billiards has been developed. The system exhibits all the guiding lines, which mean the directions to shoot the cue ball in order to sink any of the balls into a pocket, and helps the player to know the easiest shot to sink a ball. The player, however, can not know if the direction is correct or not when shooting the cue ball because the player can not watch the display monitor. This problem can be solved by a function to inform the player the error of the cue direction in real time. However, the error between the cue direction in a captured image and the guiding line is not appropriate to use because the cue direction in the image (2D cue direction) changes depending on the position and the tilt angle of the cue stick. We therefore realized a function to estimate the 3D direction of a cue stick (3D cue direction). The 3D cue direction was parallel projected on the billiard table, and can be compared with the guiding line to know if the cue direction is correct or not. Experimental results show the average error of the parallel projected directions was 0.77 deg, which, we think, is effective for beginners.
Criteria for Finite Difference Gröbner Bases of Normal Binomial Difference Ideals

In this paper, we give decision criteria for normal binomial difference polynomial ideals in the univariate difference polynomial ring F{y to have finite difference Gröbner bases and an algorithm to compute the finite difference Gröbner bases if these criteria are satisfied. The novelty of these criteria lies in the fact that complicated properties about difference polynomial ideals are reduced to elementary properties of univariate polynomials in Z[x].
Wife abuse prevalence and predisposing factors in women.

BACKGROUND Spouse abuse so called intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common problem in the world. This survey was conducted to identify IPV prevalence and related factors in district health centers in Hamadan, western Iran, in hope that, by identifying risk factors, preventive guidelines could be understood. METHODS In this descriptive analytic cross sectional study, 600 married women from six district health centers in Hamadan, western Iran were randomly enrolled in 2007. For gathering information we used a questionnaire which included demographic and specific questions about IPV, based on WHO guidelines. For increasing validity of results, questionnaires were nameless and participants were ensured about concealment of their identities. Finally data analyzed by SPSS software (version15). RESULTS Wife abuse was identified in 34.2% of participants. For understanding IPV risk factors, we used logistic regression method and 27 variables were enrolled in the equation and finally 4 variables were statistically significant to wife abuse (P< 0.05). These variables were: weak religious believe of men, history of wife abuse in participant's mothers, men's criminal history and finally men's alcoholic abuse CONCLUSION Wife abuse was prevalent in this survey, so that 1 from 3 women was abused by their husbands. Other similar investigations in different countries also verify this result. Because of so many women who disclaim violence due to cultural texture and religious believe, it is believed that, intimate partner violence is more than those being reported.
Korean listeners’ perception of L2 English phoneme contrast

The current study investigates how Korean L2 listeners identify English minimal pairs contrasting in voicing and manner and attempts to testify the essential tenets of the Perceptual Assimilation Model. Another purpose of our research is to explore other factors which might affect the identification patterns within the identical contrast categories proposed by PAM. Identification tasks were performed with target vowel and consonant contrasts within real word and nonce word conditions. Identification accuracy and reaction time were measured to evaluate the relative difficulty of L2 sound identification. First, we found that Korean listeners encountered the most difficulty in identifying L2 English minimal pairs in the Single Category contrast, followed by those in the Category Goodness contrast, and those in the TC contrast were most accurately and rapidly identified in accordance with the predictions of the PAM model. Next, it was shown that there were varying levels of difficulty in identification tasks within the TC and SC contrast. This finding suggests that PAM is not sufficient to predict L2 identification accuracy and other factors should be taken into consideration, including the Speech Learning Model, and other phonological factors such as manner of articulation, the vocalicity of the segments, individual contrast type, etc.
European Conference on Information Systems ( ECIS ) 2000 Enhancing Government Decision Making through Knowledge Discovery from Data

A major challenge facing management in developed countries is improving the performance of knowledge and service workers, i.e. the decision makers. In a developing country such as South Africa, with a welldeveloped business sector, the need to improve the performance of decision makers, especially in government, is even more crucial. South Africa has to face many new challenges in the 21 century growing environmental concerns, massive social and economic inequalities, an ageing population, low productivity, massive unemployment and the nation's evolving role in Africa. The importance of science and technology to address these pressing issues cannot be overemphasised. This paper discussed the development of a knowledge-base to aid government decision makers in interpreting the results of the National Research and Technology (NRT) Audit that was undertaken by the South African Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology. An intelligent data analysis tool is employed to construct a knowledge-base, using a data-driven rather than a knowledge-driven approach to knowledge-base con-struction. The knowledge-base is constructed directly from the data as contained in the NRT Audit data warehouse. The rules contained in the knowledge-base are produced by a team of data mining techniques that cooperate as members of a learning system. This knowledge-base is used to augment the knowledge of the human experts. Results show that the information, as discovered during the knowledge-base construction process, either enhanced or contradicted the finding of the human experts.
Temporal corneal phacoemulsification combined with superior trabeculectomy. A retrospective case-control study.

OBJECTIVE To determine the results of temporal corneal phacoemulsification combined with separate-incision superior trabeculectomy plus low-dose 5-fluorouracil compared with trabeculectomy plus low-dose 5-fluorouracil. DESIGN Retrospective case-control study. PATIENTS Forty consecutive case patients who underwent temporal corneal phacoemulsification combined with superior trabeculectomy plus low-dose 5-fluorouracil (case [combined surgery] group) and 40 control patients, matched for age race, preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), number of preoperative antiglaucoma medications, and number of 5-fluorouracil injections, who underwent trabeculectomy alone plus low-dose 5-fluorouracil (control [trabeculectomy] group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Survival analyses for IOP control compared between the 2 groups. METHODS The medical records of 40 consecutive case patients were reviewed to determine the effect of their treatment on IOP, visual acuity, and requirement for glaucoma medications. In the control group, 40 eyes (1 eye per patient) were randomly selected for comparison with the case group. In both groups, the trabeculectomy was located superiorly and performed with the same technique and using a limbus-based conjunctival flap. In the case group, temporal corneal phacoemulsification immediately preceded trabeculectomy and used a 3.2-mm incision and a 1-piece silicone intraocular lens. All patients received 3 or 4 subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil injections of 5 mg each within the first 11 postoperative days. Patients were followed up for at least 1 year. Success of surgery was defined as an IOP of less than 22 mm Hg and a 20% or more reduction from the preoperative level on 2 consecutive follow-up visits, regardless of the use of antiglaucoma medications. RESULTS The mean (+/-SD) postoperative IOP was statistically higher in the case group than in the control group at each follow-up interval (P < .05). The mean (+/-SD) IOP reductions at 1 year were 6.8 +/- 5.5 mm Hg and 10.3 +/- 7.6 mm Hg (39.2% +/- 18.8%) in the case and control groups, respectively (P = .04). The reductions in the mean (+/-SD) number of antiglaucoma medications at 1 year were 1.6 +/- 0.9 and 2.0 +/- 1.0 in the case and control groups, respectively (P = .06). In the case group, the mean visual acuity beyond the first postoperative month was significantly better than at baseline (P < .001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the cumulative success rates at 2 years were 62.1% and 85.8% in the case and control groups, respectively. The survival time to failure was significantly shorter (P = .04) in the case group by the log-rank test. CONCLUSIONS Combined surgery for cataract and glaucoma is associated with less long-term IOP reduction compared with trabeculectomy alone despite identical trabeculectomy techniques used in both groups. Nevertheless, combined surgery lowers IOP and reduces the long-term requirement for antiglaucoma medications. This technique is appropriate in selected patients with coexisting cataract and glaucoma.