Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information Processing in a Simulated Stock Market Environment

This paper describes three studies aimed toward the understanding of human information processing within a simulated stock market environment. Initially, a series of studies in Human Information Processing (HIP) in accounting are summarized, key stating the various approaches, key concepts, and variables. In addition a symbolic model with which to analyze HIP processes in an experimental setting is proposed. Secondly, the stock market simulation is described, with emphasis on its inain methodological advantages and shortcomings. The third section presents details of three implementations of the simulation, summarizing the main similarities and differences. The fourth part analyzes, in a comparative framework, the experimental results obtained for the three experiments performed. The last part of the paper discusses the implications and potential generalizability of these results and outlines paths for future research. The tentative results favor the utilization of a cross-experimental methodology as conclusions are similar for the three stock market simulations. Effects are found concernng subject motivation toward financial rewards and subject attitude changes during the experiment, while little, if any, effects of cognitive style on the decision process are observed. A series of regression modeling attempts are described with mixed results. ACCOUNTING INFORMATION PROCthe development of HIP, several authors, ESS[NG IN A SIMULATED STOCK Libby and Lewis (1981), Driscoll and Mock MARKET ENVIRONMENT (1976), Libby (1981), and the American Accounting Association (1977), surveyed The study of Human Information Processstudies in accounting psychology, attempting in Accounting has added a new dimening to organize relevant studies and place sion to enhance the understanding of them in a context identifying the state of accounting phenomena. In summarizing the art. *The author wishes to acknowledge the comments of Profesors T.J. Mock and W.T. Lin of the University of Southern California, and Professor D. H. Bao and Jan Bell of Columbia University, as well as Messrs. B. N. Srinidhi and David B. Wright of Columbia University. This paper is in preliminary form and should not be quoted without the explicit consent of the author.
Accuracy of novel diagnostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma: An update for clinicians (Review)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Accurate detection and differential diagnosis of early HCC can significantly improve patient survival. Currently, detection of HCC in clinical practice is performed by diagnostic imaging techniques and determination of serum biomarkers, most notably α-fetoprotein (AFP), fucosylated AFP and des-γ-carboxyprothrombin. However, these methods display limitations in sensitivity and specificity, especially with respect to early stages of HCC. Recently, high-throughput technologies have elucidated many new pathways involved in hepatocarcinogenesis and have led to the discovery of a plethora of novel, non-invasive serum biomarkers. In particular, the combination of AFP with these new candidate molecules has yielded promising results. In this review, we aimed at recapitulating the most recent (2013–2015) developments in HCC biomarker research. We compared promising novel diagnostic serum protein biomarkers, such as annexin A2, the soluble form of the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl and thioredoxin, as well as their combinations with AFP. High diagnostic performance (area under the curve >0.75) as shown by threshold-independent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was a prerequisite for inclusion in this review. In addition, we discuss the role and potential of microRNAs in HCC diagnosis and associated methodological challenges.
New supersymmetric string compactifications

We describe a new class of supersymmetric string compactifications to 4d Minkowski space. These solutions involve type II strings propagating on (orientifolds of) non Calabi-Yau spaces in the presence of background NS and RR fluxes. The simplest examples have descriptions as cosets, generalizing the three-dimensional nilmanifold. They can also be thought of as twisted tori. We derive a formula for the (super) potential governing the light fields, which is generated by the fluxes and certain "twists" in the geometry. Detailed consideration of an example also gives strong evidence that in some cases, these exotic geometries are related by smooth transitions to standard Calabi-Yau or G(2) compactifications of M-theory.
Small RNAs Originated from Pseudogenes: cis- or trans-Acting?

Pseudogenes are significant components of eukaryotic genomes, and some have acquired novel regulatory roles. To date, no study has characterized rice pseudogenes systematically or addressed their impact on the structure and function of the rice genome. In this genome-wide study, we have identified 11,956 non-transposon-related rice pseudogenes, most of which are from gene duplications. About 12% of the rice protein-coding genes, half of which are in singleton families, have a pseudogene paralog. Interestingly, we found that 145 of these pseudogenes potentially gave rise to antisense small RNAs after examining ∼1.5 million small RNAs from developing rice grains. The majority (>50%) of these antisense RNAs are 24-nucleotides long, a feature often seen in plant repeat-associated small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) produced by RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDR2) and Dicer-like protein 3 (DCL3), suggesting that some pseudogene-derived siRNAs may be implicated in repressing pseudogene transcription (i.e., cis-acting). Multiple lines of evidence, however, indicate that small RNAs from rice pseudogenes might also function as natural antisense siRNAs either by interacting with the complementary sense RNAs from functional parental genes (38 cases) or by forming double-strand RNAs with transcripts of adjacent paralogous pseudogenes (2 cases) (i.e., trans-acting). Further examinations of five additional small RNA libraries revealed that pseudogene-derived antisense siRNAs could be produced in specific rice developmental stages or physiological growth conditions, suggesting their potentially important roles in normal rice development. In summary, our results show that pseudogenes derived from protein-coding genes are prevalent in the rice genome, and a subset of them are strong candidates for producing small RNAs with novel regulatory roles. Our findings suggest that pseudogenes of exapted functions may be a phenomenon ubiquitous in eukaryotic organisms.
A New Model for Storytelling Complex Learning Objects

This paper focuses the attention on a particular complex learning resource, namely storytelling that is characterized by its capability to support high-level learning processes thanks to a remediation of languages, strategies and roles. In the traditional forms of storytelling, a story is told to learners in a predefined way (also known as plot). This approach is called plot-based. An alternative approach is known as character-based. The plot-based approach fails to model the dynamic behaviors of virtual characters. On the other hand, the character-based approach focuses on designing the specific behaviors or actions of the virtual characters. In this work a Storytelling Design Model is defined in order to provide pedagogy-based guidelines to the design of Storytelling Complex Learning Objects taking care of both the plot-based and character-based approaches.
Accurate simulation of multiple cross-correlated fading channels

Vector autoregressive stochastic models are proposed for the synthesis of multiple Rayleigh fading processes with specified autocorrelation and cross-correlation functions. This capability is desirable, for example, to permit realistic performance assessments of space-time modem designs by enabling the simulation of space-time-selective mobile radio channel models. The utility of the simulation approach is demonstrated by the accurate generation of some bandlimited vector Rayleigh processes.
Abstract—the Technique of K-anonymization Has Been Proposed

to obfuscate private data through associating it with at least k identities. This paper investigates the basic tabular structures that underline the notion of k-anonymization using cell suppression. These structures are studied under idealized conditions to identify the essential features of the k-anonymization notion. We optimize data k-anonymization through requiring a minimum number of anonymized values that are balanced over all columns and rows. We study the relationship between the sizes of the anonymized tables, the value k, and the number of attributes. This study has a theoretical value through contributing to develop a mathematical foundation of the k-anonymization concept. Its practical significance is still to be investigated. I. INTRODUCTION O protect individual privacy, personal identifying information must be appropriately processed before releasing data. Personal identifying information is private information that links a record to an identified person. It is commonly known, that de-identifying the data does not provide a satisfactory mechanism to guarantee the anonymity of the released private information [14] [8]. De-identifying data refers to stripping it of personal identifying information. In general, many privacy-protecting methods can be utilized in this context including randomization, cryptography, and anonymity. Information anonymity can be classified into two categories: private information anonymity and non-private information anonymity [1]. We are concerned here with private information anonymity; that is, the anonymity of information that refers to an identifiable individual (person). The k-anonymization method involves restricting the release of information in a relational table to ensure data privacy while preserving the integrity of the released data. The problem is how to disclose personal identifying data, while preventing identity disclosure [1]. The notion of identity disclosure originated in the area of statistical databases [5]. The columns of a relational table can be categorized into three types: columns that explicitly identify individuals, columns containing potentially identifying information that could be linked with other data sets to re-identify (quasi-identifying columns) and columns containing no identifying information [13]. Quasi-identifying columns are these attributes that in combination can be used to identify an individual. In the k-anonymization technique quasi-identifying columns are transformed through such techniques as
CHAPTER 8 A randomized controlled trial to the effect of two-year vitamin B 12 and folic acid supplementation on physical performance , strength , and falling : additional findings from the B-PROOF study

A randomized controlled trial to the effect of two-year vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation on physical performance, strength, and falling: additional findings from the B-PROOF study Abstract Background Elevated homocysteine concentrations are associated with a decline in physical function in elderly persons. Homocysteine-lowering therapy may slow down this decline.
Generation of training database using a noise model for OCR systems

In this paper, we present a noise model for generating synthetic character databases to train Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems. Nowadays, the emergence of new font typefaces requires an imperative task to automatically and rapidly generate synthetic training character databases. In addition, since the accuracy of the OCR systems deeply depends on the number of training samples, a lot of character samples should be generated to retrain OCR systems. However, it is time consuming and laborious to achieve a large size of training samples from real images. Therefore, we develop a noise model to automatically generate synthetic character images in such a way that are very lifelike, without any miserable process of getting images in real life, such as printing, scanning, copying and so on. First, our system generates digital character images. After that, pepper noise, scale noise, and other kind of noises are superimposed to the character images. Since the shape of characters may be distorted through real processing steps, some geometric transformations are applied to the images to mimic this characteristic. As we measure the OCR accuracies, we have observed that the quality of training data obtained either from real world data or by our noise model are comparable. Thus, we believe that using our noise model is a convenient and appropriate way for generating synthetic database to train OCR systems.
Author ' s personal copy Privacy-aware routing in sensor networks

A typical sensor network application is to monitor objects, including wildlife, vehicles and events, in which information about an object is periodically sent back to the sink. Many times, the object needs to be protected for security reasons. However, an adversary can detect message flows and trace the message back to its source by moving in the reverse direction of the flows. This paper aims to maximize source location privacy, which is evaluated by the adversary’s traceback time, by designing routing protocols that distribute message flows to different routes. First, we give the performance bound for any routing scheme. Then, we present our routing schemes, which maximize the adversary’s average traceback time and achieve max–min traceback time given certain energy constraints. We then propose WRS, a suboptimal but practical privacy-aware routing scheme, and provide simulation results. Finally, we extend the discussion to an extreme adversary model, which allows the adversary to deploy an adversary sensor network to monitor the message routing activities. Accordingly, we propose a random schedule scheme to confuse the adversary. To reduce the message delivery time, we give an approximation algorithm for
A comparison of six photometric redshift methods applied to 1.5 million luminous red galaxies

We present an updated version of MegaZ-LRG (Collister et al. 2007) with photometric redshifts derived with the neural network method ANNz as well as five other publicly available photometric redshift codes (HyperZ, SDSS, Le PHARE, BPZ and ZEBRA) for ∼1.5 million luminous red galaxies (LRGs) in SDSS DR6. This allows us to identify how reliable codes are relative to each other if used as described in their public release. We compare and contrast the relative merits of each code as well as the different templates using ∼13 000 spectroscopic redshifts from the 2SLAQ sample, and note that this comparison is only valid for LRGs. We find that the performance of each code depends on the figure of merit used to assess it, and note that all codes suffer from a redshift-dependent bias. As expected, the availability of a complete training set means that the training method performs best in the intermediate redshift bins where there are plenty of training objects. Codes such as Le PHARE, which use new observed templates, perform best in the lower redshift bins. All codes produce reasonable photometric redshifts, the 1σ scatters ranging from 0.057 to 0.097 if averaged over the entire redshift range. We also perform tests to check whether a training set from a small region of the sky such as 2SLAQ produces biases if used to train over a larger area of the sky. We conclude that this is not likely to be a problem for future wide-field surveys. The complete photometric redshift catalogue including redshift estimates and errors on these from all the six methods as well as the configuration files used to run the various codes can be found at http://www.ast. cam.ac. uk/~mbanerji/Research/MegaZLRGDR6/megaz.html.
Fixational eye movements across vertebrates: comparative dynamics, physiology, and perception.

During visual fixation, human eyes are never still. Instead, they constantly produce involuntary "fixational eye movements. " Fixational eye movements overcome neural adaptation and prevent visual fading: thus they are an important tool to understand how the brain makes the environment visible. The last decade has seen a growing interest in the analysis of fixational eye movements in humans and primates, as well as in their perceptual and physiological consequences. However, no comprehensive comparison of fixational eye movements across species has been offered. Here we review five decades of fixational eye movement studies in non-human vertebrates, and we discuss the existing evidence concerning their physiological and perceptual effects. We also provide a table that summarizes the physical parameters of the different types of fixational eye movements described in non-human vertebrates.
Analysis and experiment of transition between micro-strip and a miniaturization substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)

The paper firstly study dispersion characteristics of the miniaturization SIW, and then study the problem of transition between this structure and micro-strip. This paper mostly researched the directly transit form, then designed a Ku-band planar transition between micro-strip and the miniaturization SIW. The results of simulation show that the insertion loss excelled than 0.5 dB in the designed frequency band, so it has the applied worthiness.
The olfactory hole-board test in rats: a new paradigm to study aversion and preferences to odors

Odors of biological relevance (e.g., predator odors, sex odors) are known to effectively influence basic survival needs of rodents such as anti-predatory defensiveness and mating behaviors. Research focused on the effects of these odors on rats’ behavior mostly includes multi-trial paradigms where animals experience single odor exposures in subsequent, separated experimental sessions. In the present study, we introduce a modification of the olfactory hole-board test that allows studying the effects of different odors on rats’ behavior within single trials. First, we demonstrated that the corner holes of the hole-board were preferentially visited by rats. The placement of different odors under the corner holes changed this hole preference. We showed that holes with carnivore urine samples were avoided, while corner holes with female rat urine samples were preferred. Furthermore, corner holes with urine samples from a carnivore, herbivore, and omnivore were differentially visited indicating that rats can discriminate these odors. To test whether anxiolytic treatment specifically modulates the avoidance of carnivore urine holes, we treated rats with buspirone. Buspirone treatment completely abolished the avoidance of carnivore urine holes. Taken together, our findings indicate that the olfactory hole-board test is a valuable tool for measuring avoidance and preference responses to biologically relevant odors.
Effective spectrum sensing with antenna diversity for cognitive radio systems

Cognitive radio (CR), which is proposed as a technology that utilizes the frequency resources effectively, has studied to relive scarcity of the frequency resources. CR provides opportunistically under-utilize licensed frequency to the secondary user. Spectrum sensing is the most important technology to detect primary user. However, in the wireless channels, according to the effect of fading and shadowing environments spectrum sensing performance is compromised. Therefore, in this paper, we apply diversity scheme that is a useful technique for combating multipath fading in wireless communications. There are several classes of diversity scheme, which are time diversity, antenna diversity, multipath diversity, frequency diversity, and so on. In this paper, we adopt antenna diversity that is a kind of space diversity. By using the proposed method, we can improve spectrum sensing performance. Also the simulation results show that the performance of spectrum sensing using antenna diversity improves compared with cooperative spectrum sensing.
Joint torques in biped gait following changes in leg length

Extending leg length in a biped entity may improve some gait factors such as speed, worsening some others. This study is undertaken to better understand the kinetic and kinematic aspects of human gait following changes in the geometry of lower extremities. An artificial structure is built to be attached and fixed to one's leg. Using a two-sensor motion capture system practical walking data with the extended leg is collected for three different walking patterns, for which gait parameters are calculated. Particularly, joints internal forces and torques as well as the ground reaction force are targeted, compared and discussed.
Studying social relations cross-culturally

In this paper, we report on an experimental study of social structure in three cultures: Mormon (Utah), Paiute (Arizona), and Ponapean (Micronesia). There are many ways to define social structure. Our position follows that of Radcliffe-Brown (1948) and Blau (1977), rather than that of Levi-Strauss (1963). That is, structure is the observable result of ordered behavior among people, rather than a model built up after the fact of human interaction. We reason that all human interaction (based on kinship, friendship, sexuality, debt, commerce, etc.) produces ordered (i.e., structured) relations. Any or all of these social structures may or may not be an important object for study. The rules that produce patterns surely must be. Since all human relations are based on people knowing each other, our research is designed to look for the rules that govern who people know and how they know each other. We can learn about these rules by studying a variety of cultures. When results from these cultures are similar, we have the first step toward rules that are culture-independent. When the results differ between cultures, we have a clear signal that what was being measured was insufficient to determine the rules; other, nonmeasured factors were at work. In previous studies (Killworth and Bernard 1978, hereafter KB; Bernard, Killworth, and McCarty 1982, hereafter BKM; Killworth, Bernard, and McCarty 1984, hereafter KBM), we developed a method of collecting and analyzing data about social structure. Our previous studies have been in university towns (Morgantown, West Virginia and Gainesville, Florida). In our current research, we compare data from the studies we have done so far, and we focus on the similarities and dissimilarities in the results. This line of study is based on three questions posed by Pool and Kochen (1978). 1) How many people does an individual know (without defining what know means)? 2) Who are the people known by an individual, and why does he or she know them? 3) How likely is it that any two persons in a population of a given size will know each other, or, have at least one acquaintance in common, and so on? Milgram (1967) sought to test these questions with the ingenious "small world" experiment. Several informants are asked to get a folder to a single "target. " The informants are told that they can pass or send the folder directly to the target, but only if the target is a personal acquaintance. Otherwise, informants have to send the folder to
Household Food Purchase Patterns: The Case of Vegetables

A household’s purchase pattern for food can be described along three dimensions: how much food is bought, what types of food are bought, and how often food is bought. We have proposed a model in which these three facets of purchase behavior are simultaneously determined. Among other things, our model allows us to ask whether a household’s frequency of purchase influences how much food is bought on any shopping occasion. This was not possible with past studies. We find that, in fact, the more time has elapsed between purchases, the greater the quantity of product a household will buy on its next shopping occasion.