Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Home Sleeping Conditions and Sleep Quality in Low-Income Preschool Children

Proper sleep is important for children’s behavior, development, and optimal health.1,2 Environmental conditions, such as household size, socioeconomic status, noise, or brightness of the sleeping area could easily influence children’s sleep patterns.3,4 Children from low-income, as opposed to higher-income families tend to have shorter sleep duration, later bedtimes, and reduced opportunities for sleep.5-7 The ways in which household conditions in low-income families may be associated with children’s sleep are not well known. We recently reported that suboptimal sleep environments (sleeping in a place that is “too loud”, “too bright”, “too hot”, or “too cold”) were associated with shorter sleep durations and later times that low-income children fell asleep at night.8 However, it remains unknown whether sleep conditions and environments, such as room or bed sharing, sleeping on the floor, couch or chair, or media use in the bedroom among lowincome families may be related to children’s sleep quality beyond sleep durations and fallasleep times. Further understanding of the associations between sleep conditions in the home and sleep quality could contribute to the design of better interventions to improve children’s sleep quality and reduce existing sleep disparities.9 The aim of this study, therefore, was to test the hypothesis that home sleeping conditions are associated with poor sleep quality among low-income preschool children. Received: October 22, 2014 Revised: December 3, 2014 Accepted: December 16, 2014
Geometric Burrows-Wheeler Transform: Linking Range Searching and Text Indexing

We introduce a new variant of the popular Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) called geometric Burrows-Wheeler transform (GBWT). Unlike BWT, which merely permutes the text, GBWT converts the text into a set of points in 2-dimensional geometry. Using this transform, we can answer to many open questions in compressed text indexing: (1) can compressed data structures be designed in external memory with similar performance as the uncompressed counterparts? (2) Can compressed data structures be designed for position restricted pattern matching [16]? We also introduce a reverse transform, called Points2Text; which converts a set of points into text. This transform allows us to derive the first known lower bounds in compressed text indexing. We show strong equivalence between data structural problems in geometric range searching and text pattern matching. This provides a way to derive new results in compressed text indexing by translating the results from range searching.
Role of Yoga and Meditation In The Empowerment of Women ; an Ethical Perspective

Role of Yoga and Meditation in the Empowerment of Women Today, many people are taking up Yoga techniques for physical exercise, and most don"t know the history of yoga. They believe there is nothing wrong with implementing this form of exercise into their daily regiment to promote a more healthy body. However, the practice of yoga is much more then a system of physical exercise to health. Yoga is more a path of spiritual growth. The focus of this paper will be highlight power of meditation which can empower women, it will also bring up the issue of how we perceive our sexuality and our gender characteristics, and how their does and does not affect our true spiritual ideality. The paper will give more insight into the gender biases prevent in the society and also focus on the power of meditation in empowering women.
Analysis of IEEE 802.11e for Delay Sensitive Traffic in Wireless LANs

Mechanisms providing quality of services (QoS) in wireless LAN networks based on the 802.11e standard are described. OPNET software was used to model equivalent networks with and without QoS support. The resulting parameters of both networks, such as media access delay, end-to-end delay, packet queue size, queuing delay or bit error rate were compared. The influence of introducing the QoS mechanism on these parameters is discussed.
Chatbots' Greetings to Human-Computer Communication

Both dialogue systems and chatbots aim at putting into action communication between humans and computers. However, instead of focusing on sophisticated techniques to perform natural language understanding, as the former usually do, chatbots seek to mimic conversation. Since Eliza, the first chatbot ever, developed in 1966, there were many interesting ideas explored by the chatbots' community. Actually, more than just ideas, some chatbots' developers also provide free resources, including tools and large-scale corpora. It is our opinion that this know-how and materials should not be neglected, as they might be put to use in the human-computer communication field (and some authors already do it). Thus, in this paper we present a historical overview of the chatbots' developments, we review what we consider to be the main contributions of this community, and we point to some possible ways of coupling these with current work in the human-computer communication research line.
Is EM dead?

Summary Since electron microscopy (EM) first appeared in the 1930s, it has held centre stage as the primary tool for the exploration of biological structure. Yet, with the recent developments of light microscopy techniques that overcome the limitations imposed by the diffraction boundary, the question arises as to whether the importance of EM in on the wane. This Commentary describes some of the pioneering studies that have shaped our understanding of cell structure. These include the development of cryo-EM techniques that have given researchers the ability to capture images of native structures and at the molecular level. It also describes how a number of recent developments significantly increase the ability of EM to visualise biological systems across a range of length scales, and in 3D, ensuring that EM will remain at the forefront of biology research for the foreseeable future.
Formal analysis of e-cash protocols

Electronic cash (e-cash) aims at achieving client privacy at payment, similar to real cash. Several security protocols have been proposed to ensure privacy in e-cash, as well as the necessary unforgery properties. In this paper, we propose a formal framework to define, analyze, and verify security properties of e-cash systems. To this end, we model e-cash systems in the applied p-calculus, and we define two client privacy properties and three properties to prevent forgery. Finally, we apply our definitions to an e-cash protocol from the literature proposed by Chaum et al., which has two variants and a real implementation based on it. Using ProVerif, we demonstrate that our framework is suitable for an automated analysis of this protocol.
Self-Initiated Repatriation at the Interplay Between Field, Capital, and Habitus

Self-initiated repatriation (SIR) remains an under-researched topic. Applying Bourdieu's theory of practice (1972), we conducted a qualitative study and investigated SIR into the Danish, French, and German career field. We found that expatriation leads to a modification of the habitus and career capital. While economic capital issues were not found to play a major role, the modified habitus only appeared to affect the return into the Danish career field where self-initiated expatriation was valued negatively. Especially the modified set of cultural and social capital was pertinent for re-entering the French and German career field. Theoretical and practical implications are illustrated.
A Paradigm for Channel Assignment and Data Migration in Distributed Systems

In this manuscript, we consider the problems of channel assignment in wireless networks and data migration in heterogeneous storage systems. We show that a soft edge coloring approach to both problems gives rigorous approximation guarantees. In the channel assignment problem arising in wireless networks a pair of edges incident to a vertex are said to be conflicting if the channels assigned to them are the same. Our goal is to assign channels (color edges) so that the number of conflicts is minimized. The problem is NP-hard by a reduction from Edge coloring and we present two combinatorial algorithms for this case. The first algorithm is based on a distributed greedy method and gives a solution with at most $2(1-\frac{1}{k})|E|$ more conflicts than the optimal solution.The approximation ratio if the second algorithm is $1 + \frac{|V|}{|E|}$, which gives a ($1 + o(1)$)-factor for dense graphs and is the best possible unless P = NP. We also consider the data migration problem in heterogeneous storage systems. In such systems, data layouts may need to be reconfigured over time for load balancing or in the event of system failure/upgrades. It is critical to migrate data to their target locations as quickly as possible to obtain the best performance of the system. Most of the previous results on data migration assume that each storage node can perform only one data transfer at a time. However, storage devices tend to have heterogeneous capabilities as devices may be added over time due to storage demand increase. We develop algorithms to minimize the data migration time. We show that it is possible to find an optimal migration schedule when all $c_v$'s are even. Furthermore, though the problem is NP-hard in general, we give an efficient soft edge coloring algorithm that offers a rigorous $(1 + o(1))$-approximation guarantee.
Is face perception carried out by modules specialized only for processing faces? Or are faces perceived by domain-general mechanisms that can also operate on non-face stimuli? Considerable evidence supports the domain-specific view.

object recognition. Perhaps the strongest evidence that distinct mechanisms may be involved in the recognition of faces comes from the neuropsychological literature. In the syndrome of prosopagnosia 8 , patients are unable to recognize previously familiar faces, despite a largely preserved ability to recognize objects. Even more striking are patients with the opposite syndrome. Patient CK is severely impaired at reading and object recognition, yet completely normal at face recognition9. Importantly, CK’s face-recognition abilities are much more disrupted than those of normal subjects when faces are inverted or fractured into pieces, consistent with the idea that face-specific mechanisms are holistic and
Prognostic relevance of MOG antibodies in children with an acquired demyelinating syndrome

Objective: To assess the prognostic value of MOG antibodies (abs) in the differential diagnosis of acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS). Methods: Clinical course, MRI, MOG-abs, AQP4-abs, and CSF cells and oligoclonal bands (OCB) in children with ADS and 24 months of follow-up were reviewed in this observational prospective multicenter hospital-based study. Results: Two hundred ten children with ADS were included and diagnosed with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) (n = 60), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) (n = 12), clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) (n = 101), and multiple sclerosis (MS) (n = 37) after the first episode. MOG-abs were predominantly found in ADEM (57%) and less frequently in NMOSD (25%), CIS (25%), or MS (8%). Increased MOG-ab titers were associated with younger age (p = 0.0001), diagnosis of ADEM (p = 0.005), increased CSF cell counts (p = 0.011), and negative OCB (p = 0.012). At 24-month follow-up, 96 children had no further relapses. Thirty-five children developed recurrent non-MS episodes (63% MOG-, 17% AQP4-abs at onset). Seventy-nine children developed MS (4% MOG-abs at onset). Recurrent non-MS episodes were associated with high MOG-ab titers (p = 0.0003) and older age at onset (p = 0.024). MS was predicted by MS-like MRI (p < 0.0001) and OCB (p = 0.007). An MOG-ab cutoff titer ≥1:1,280 predicted a non-MS course with a sensitivity of 47% and a specificity of 100% and a recurrent non-MS course with a sensitivity of 46% and a specificity of 86%. Conclusions: Our results show that the presence of MOG-abs strongly depends on the age at disease onset and that high MOG-ab titers were associated with a recurrent non-MS disease course.
Determinants of quality of life in survivors of cardiac arrest.

OBJECTIVE To study factors related to quality of life after a hypoxic period due to cardiac arrest. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SUBJECTS Eighty-eight survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, admitted to a Dutch academic hospital between 2001 and 2006. METHODS Patients received a set of questionnaires at home. The main outcome measures were physical and mental quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey; SF-36). Potential determinants were cognitive complaints, emotional problems depression/anxiety), post-traumatic stress, fatigue, daily functioning and participation in society. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed with physical and mental quality of life as dependent variables. RESULTS Sixty-three (72%) patients responded. Mean time since cardiac arrest was 36 months (standard deviation (SD) 19). Backward regression analyses showed that physical quality of life was significantly (p < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.531) related to cognitive complaints (beta = -0.378), instrumental daily life activities (beta = 0.262), post-traumatic stress (beta = -0.246) and fatigue (beta = -0.226). Mental quality of life was significantly (p < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.664) explained by anxiety/depression (beta = -0.609), fatigue (beta = -0.177) and cognitive complaints (beta = -0.175). CONCLUSION Quality of life is related to cognitive complaints, fatigue, anxiety/depression, post-traumatic stress and difficulties in daily activities in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Rehabilitation programmes for this group should specifically address these topics.
Association between food intake frequency and obesity among adolescent girls in Saudi Arabia

Abstract The main objective of this study was to discover the association between the intake of certain foods and the occurrence of obesity among adolescent girls in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional multistage sampling method was conducted among girls aged 12–19 years in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The total sample was 512. Obesity was calculated based on the International Obesity Task Force standards. Findings revealed that obese girls were less likely to eat fruit, vegetables, meat, chicken and dairy products than non-obese girls, but the differences were not statistically significant. However, the risk of being obese was greater for those who consumed chocolates and sweets (odds ratio=1.57) and fast foods (odds ratio=1.35) more than three times a week. Thus, programs to promote a healthy lifestyle for schoolchildren should include appropriate intervention on changing dietary habits.
Decline in health for older adults: five-year change in 13 key measures of standardized health.

BACKGROUND The health of older adults declines over time, but there are many ways of measuring health. It is unclear whether all health measures decline at the same rate or whether some aspects of health are less sensitive to aging than others. METHODS We compared the decline in 13 measures of physical, mental, and functional health from the Cardiovascular Health Study: hospitalization, bed days, cognition, extremity strength, feelings about life as a whole, satisfaction with the purpose of life, self-rated health, depression, digit symbol substitution test, grip strength, activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, and gait speed. Each measure was standardized against self-rated health. We compared the 5-year change to see which of the 13 measures declined the fastest and the slowest. RESULTS The 5-year change in standardized health varied from a decline of 12 points (out of 100) for hospitalization to a decline of 17 points for gait speed. In most comparisons, standardized health from hospitalization and bed days declined the least, whereas health measured by activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, and gait speed declined the most. These rankings were independent of age, sex, mortality patterns, and the method of standardization. CONCLUSIONS All of the health variables declined, on average, with advancing age, but at significantly different rates. Standardized measures of mental health, cognition, quality of life, and hospital utilization did not decline as fast as gait speed, activities of daily living, and instrumental activities of daily living. Public health interventions to address problems with gait speed, activities of daily living, and instrumental activities of daily living may help older adults to remain healthier in all dimensions.
Myoclonus as an acute complication of low-dose hydromorphone in multiple system atrophy

Myoclonus has been described as a neuroexcitatory side effect of high doses of opioids. It has been seen almost exclusively in patients receiving palliative care after long-term administration of opioids. Gradual accumulation of opioid metabolites has been thought to cause opioid-induced myoclonus.1 Naloxone has usually been ineffective in resolving this condition. In this study, we present a case of severe generalised myoclonus after a patient with known multiple system atrophy received a low dose of intravenous hydromorphone. The generalised myoclonus reversed completely immediately after he received naloxone. A 75-year-old man with a history of multiple system atrophy with parkinsonism was admitted to the Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Canada, with a hip fracture. Drugs administered on admission were fludrocortisone, glicizide, intravenous immune globulin (for bullous pemphigoid) and midodrine. He was not taking levodopa because of severe orthostatic hypotension. To treat his pain, 1 mg of intravenous hydromorphone was given over 20 min. About 35 min after receiving the hydromorphone infusion, the patient had decreased …
A Xenopus Nonmuscle Myosin Heavy Chain Isoform Is Phosphorylated by Cyclin-p34 Kinase during Meiosis (*)

There are two vertebrate nonmuscle myosin heavy chain (MHC) genes that encode two separate isoforms of the heavy chain, MHC-A and MHC-B. Recent work has identified additional, alternatively spliced isoforms of MHC-B cDNA with inserted sequences of 30 nucleotides (chicken and human) or 48 nucleotides (Xenopus) at a site corresponding to the ATP binding region in the MHC protein (Takahashi, M., Kawamoto, S., and Adelstein, R. S.(1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 17864-17871) and Bhatia-Dey, N. , Adelstein, R. S. , and Dawid, I. B. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 90, 2856-2859). The deduced amino acid sequence of these inserts contains a consensus sequence for phosphorylation by cyclin-p34 (cdc2) kinase. In cultured Xenopus XTC cells, we have identified two inserted MHC-B isoforms and a noninserted MHC-A isoform by immunoblotting of cell extracts. When myosin was immunoprecipitated from XTC cells and phosphorylated in vitro with cdc2 kinase, the kinase catalyzed the phosphorylation of both inserted MHC-B isoforms but not MHC-A. Isoelectric focusing of tryptic peptides generated from MHC-B phosphorylated with cdc2 kinase revealed one major phosphopeptide that was purified by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography and sequenced. The phosphorylated residue was Ser-214, the cdc2 kinase consensus site within the insert near the ATP binding region. The same site was phosphorylated in intact XTC cells during log phase of growth and in cell-free lysates of Xenopus eggs stabilized in second meiotic metaphase but not interphase. Moreover, Ser-214 phosphorylation was detected during maturation of Xenopus oocytes when the cdc2 kinase-containing maturation-promoting factor was activated, but not in G2 interphase-arrested oocytes. These results demonstrate that MHC-B phosphorylation is tightly regulated by cdc2 kinase during meiotic cell cycles. Furthermore, MHC-A and MHC-B isoforms are differentially phosphorylated at these stages, suggesting that they may serve different functions in these cells.
Binary-decision-tree-based multiclass Support Vector Machines

In this paper, we propose Support Vector Machine classifiers utilizing binary decision tree to solve multiclass problems. In training process, we determine the hyperplane that separates the classes into two categories at the top node and this procedure is repeated until only one class remains. In order to obtain higher accuracy, easier separable class should be separated in the upper node. Hence a decision tree is constructed according to the degree of difficulty to classify classes which is measured by Euclidean distance and standard deviation. The proposed binary decision tree SVM is designed to obtain superior performance in classification accuracy and speed. Its performance is measured on the dataset of Sogou news corpus which has eight classes of news. The method is compared with some traditional methods like one-against-one and one-against-all. The results of the experiments indicate that it has comparative accuracy with other traditional methods and much faster recognition speed.
A CRISPR View of Biological Mechanisms

A decade ago, only six manuscripts would be found on a PubMed search for “CRISPR,” compared to 2,011 manuscripts in 2016. The purpose of this review is to discuss this emergent technology that has revolutionized molecular biological research in just a few years. Endogenous CRISPR mechanisms are harbored by bacteria and archaea as an adaptive defense system that targets foreign DNA from viruses and plasmids. CRISPR has been adapted as a genome editing tool in a plethora of organisms ranging from yeast to humans. This tool has been employed to create loss of function mutations, gain of function mutations, and tagged alleles in a wide range of settings. CRISPR is now extensively employed for genetic screens. CRISPR has also been adapted to study transcriptional regulation. This versatile and relatively facile technique has, and will be, tremendously impactful in research areas such as biomedical sciences, agriculture, and the basic sciences.
Dispelling Myths and Removing Barriers About Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes

The burden that diabetes has placed on the health care system as a result of increased morbidity, mortality, and economic costs has continued to increase with each new decade. A review of data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III; conducted 1988-1994) and the NHANES 1999-2000 shows that there is a smaller percentage of patients with diabetes that are at the American Diabetes Association glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) goal of 7% than there was 10 years ago (35.8% today vs 44.5% 10 years ago). When looking more broadly at the 3 main outcome measures from NHANES 1999-2000, only 7.3% of the participants surveyed were within target goals for A1C levels, blood pressure levels, and total serum cholesterol levels, despite newer medications, technologies, and knowledge that developed during the past decade. Of the 27% of surveyed patients with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin therapy, fewer than one half achieved the recommended A1C level of 7% or less. These findings suggest that a concerted effort with all members of the diabetes care team is needed to achieve and maintain the goals that will decrease complications, reduce costs, and increase patient quality of life. Insulin is safe, effective, and the most potent drug available to achieve glycemic targets. Unfortunately, it is not used early enough, often enough, or aggressively enough to cause patients to achieve glycemic goals that have been proven to reduce morbidity and mortality. A major reason for this is the many myths and barriers held by patients and health care providers alike regarding insulin use that can present challenges to starting insulin therapy. Diabetes educators play a major role in helping to dispel these myths by having conversations with patients that allay fears and misconceptions. Conversations about the role of insulin in the successful treatment of type 2 diabetes could be one of the missing Jerry Meece, RPh, FACA, CDE