Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discussion of “The effect of surface head on infiltration rates based on the performance of ring infiltrometers and ponds”

The readily available published literature on the use of infiltrometer data indicates that a semiqualitative approach is being used generally for both data collection and application of the analytical results to prototype structures. Although Schiff's paper serves admirably well for emphasizing the effect of surface head on infiltration rates, it seems possible to extend his approach to a more quantitative analysis. With the proper equation for analysis of infiltrometer data, it should be possible to determine directly the vertical permeability of the soil column, and the “coefficient of saturation. ” Then the effects of surface head for prototype infiltration installations can be predicted and the variation of infiltration rate with time can be computed from the known hydraulic characteristics of the soil.
Coordination-Based Power Management Strategy for Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid

In this article, a coordination-based power management strategy based on the concept of consensus algorithm and consensus index for hybrid ac/dc microgrid is proposed for achieving three objectives: 1) accurate and precise active/reactive power sharing between all ac distributed generations (DGs) in the ac subgrid, ac voltage regulation, and ac frequency restoration; 2) accurate and precise power/current sharing between all dc DGs in dc subgrid and dc voltage regulation; 3) accurate power sharing among all the participating ac/dc DGs in the hybrid ac/dc microgrid. The distributed secondary control within the ac/dc subgrids generates the consensus index, and the power management inside the two subgrids is achieved via the distributed control and the consensus index. Moreover, the bidirectional interlinking converter (BIC) control effectively operates with solely two consensus indexes, one from each ac/dc subgrid. Using these two consensus indexes, BIC establishes a dynamic interconnection between all participating DGs within the respective ac/dc subgrids, facilitating seamless power management among them. Compared to the existing strategies, the proposed strategy achieves accurate and proportional power sharing between all the participating ac and dc DGs in the system, rather than only achieving accurate and proportionate power sharing inside the two subgrids. Finally, the proposed power management strategy can considerably reduce communication data, complexity, and bandwidth.
On the meridional structure of long-lived tropospheric constituents

We consider the general problem of the meridional distribution and seasonal variability of long-lived atmospheric constituents. Here “long-lived” means that the time scale of the constituent exceeds the atmospheric exchange time across the region of interest. The relevant time scale is the “dynamic lifetime,” defined here as the ratio of the total atmospheric loading of the constituent to the total global source. Provided that this quantity is large (greater than about 5 years for the troposphere), the constituent attains a “gradient equilibrium” in which spatial gradients of mixing ratio are weak and the meridional and seasonal structure take on a form which, for a given source, is independent of the dynamic lifetime. Analysis of this structure involves clarification of the nature of atmospheric exchange processes and leads us to highlight the nonuniqueness of such concepts as “interhemispheric exchange times. ” These results are illustrated using a two-dimensional transport model to conduct simulations of idealized long-lived constituents with, in most cases, a simple mid-latitude northern hemisphere source and a sink with uniform decay rate. It is suggested that these results will aid the synthesis of observations of long-lived tropospheric constituents and will simplify the validation of transport models. More generally, this kind of approach might help to identify the effects of transport on trace constituent structures and thereby contribute to the understanding of the distributions of constituents which are not “long-lived” in the sense used here.
FIELD AND LABORATORY MULTI‐TECHNIQUE ANALYSIS OF PIGMENTS AND ORGANIC PAINTING MEDIA FROM AN EGYPTIAN COFFIN (26TH DYNASTY)

This paper describes the physico-chemical analyses performed on an Egyptian wood coffin on the occasion of its restoration in the hall of the National Archaeological Museum of Parma (Italy), with the aim of investigating the pigments and organic materials originally used. Pigment determination was performed both in situ by a portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer and in the laboratory using a micro-Fourier-transform-infrared (micro-FTIR) and a Fourier-transform (FT) Raman spectrometer. The identification of organic materials was performed through gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and micro-FTIR analysis. Amongst the pigments, special attention was paid to the green, which appeared to be severely degraded and was examined using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy – energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX) in addition to the above-cited techniques. Other materials used in the polychromatic decorations are Egyptian blue, cinnabar and possibly orpiment, while calcium carbonate was used for the ground layer. The organic materials were identified as beeswax, mastic and gum arabic, sometimes as mixtures.
Holocene coastal evolution and evidence for paleotsunami from a tectonically stable region, Tasmania, Australia

Stratigraphic investigations of three coastal waterbodies in southeastern Tasmania reveal major paleoenvironmental phases related to sea level change and anomalous deposits consistent with tsunami inundation. Twenty-two short sediment cores were examined for their sedimentology and fossil diatom, foraminifera and macrofossil assemblages; nine radiocarbon ages were obtained. Despite diverse Holocene histories at each site, four common phases of Holocene paleoenvironmental evolution can be distinguished. In Phase I (pre-8000 yr BP) terrestrial environments existed. During Phase II (8000–6500 yr BP) ponded freshwater environments formed behind transgressive coastal barriers. In Phase III (6500–2000 yr BP) the sites were subject to varying degrees of marine influence, resulting in environments ranging from current-swept tidal inlets to sheltered brackish-marine lagoons. In Phase IV (2000 yr BP to present) there was a decrease in marine influence, one site changed to a freshwater wetland environment while the other two changed to ephemeral salt pans. This study suggests that postglacial sea level rise culminated after c. 7300 cal. yr BP in southeastern Tasmania and that there was probably a late-Holocene fall in sea level. These paleoenvironmental histories provide a framework within which to identify anomalous deposits and assess them for likely causes. Five anomalous deposits are identified, three of which are considered likely to have been deposited by tsunami occurring at c. 4000 cal. yr BP, c. 2000 cal. yr BP and <2000 cal. yr BP, although deposition by large storms cannot be ruled out.
Wave Climate and Nearshore Processes on the Mediterranean Coast of Egypt

Abstract The climates of wave-related nearshore processes important to coastal erosion have been investigated based on analyses of wave data measured at six sites along the Mediterranean coast of Egypt, spanning 0.92 to 5.25 years. Wave climates along this 900-km coastline are nearly identical in their significant wave heights, periods, and directions. The evaluated nearshore processes that depend on combinations of deep-water wave heights and periods are found to respond to seasonal changes in wave conditions. These processes include the climates of breaker heights on beaches, beach face slopes, the morphodynamic classification of beaches, swash runup elevations induced by storm waves, the depth of closure of beach profiles, and calculated sediment transport rates. The seasonal changes observed in the wave-related nearshore processes are ultimately responsible for the episodic morphologic changes identified in the beach and seabed environments of the Nile Delta. The largest storm waves measured during the study period had deep-water significant wave heights of 7.7 and 6.8 m at the Dabba and Abu Qir coastlines, respectively.
Aerosol size distributions in air masses advecting off the east coast of the United States

Accurate measurements of the size distribution of atmospheric aerosols in the size (radius) range from 0.006 to 2.5 μm made from a ship within 300 km of the east coast of the United States are presented. As air advects from land to sea, there is a rather rapid decay of particles smaller than 0.05 μm during the first day or so. After this initial decay of small particles the size distribution was often found to remain remarkably stable for hours. Significant changes in the size distribution were often associated with changes in air masses and meteorological conditions. Some of the changes can be explained qualitatively. Others, such as a pronounced double peak which occurred occasionally in the fine-particle range, are more difficult to understand. Possible physical mechanisms which might produce a double-peaked distribution are discussed, including the increase in the mass of cloud condensation nuclei as a result of the chemical formation of new material from gases absorbed in cloud droplets during a cloud formation-evaporation cycle. Using the measured size distributions, volume extinction coefficients were calculated for the wavelength range 0.3–10 μm. The calculations compare favorably to the measured scattering coefficients at 0.55-μm wavelength. Particles in the radius range 0.1–0.3 μm made the largest contribution to the total extinction at optical wavelengths on nearly all occasions.
Historical Drought Events of the Great Plains Recorded by Native Americans

We identified prolonged dry (or drought) events during the 1777 to 1869 interval that were depicted in Native American annual pictographic records (winter counts) from several documents for a retrospective analysis with supplementary data and information. Based on available information related to the keeper (author) of the winter count, we approximated the locations of the drought episodes. Based on the locational information, we retrieved and reviewed historical temperature and precipitation data observed at US Army forts during the time interval of the winter count–documented drought episodes. Additionally, we examined Palmer Drought Severity Index data from the North American Drought Atlas, which includes annual drought estimates reconstructed from tree-ring chronologies, for the years and location of the documented droughts. We spatially and temporally compared the Native American drought-related winter counts to the available weather, drought information, and other ancillary information in an effort to cross-validate these relatively sparse and disparate historical climate records. Generally, we found the Native American observations of prolonged dry intervals were in agreement with other observations or available documentation. Thus, winter count observations of other climate-related events may provide an additional source of information for other historic climate analyses.
Oceanic application of the active controlled flux technique for measuring air‐sea transfer velocities of heat and gases

[1] Detailed understanding of the hydrodynamic mechanisms controlling the air-sea exchange of heat and gas requires a method for rapid measurement of the associated transfer velocities. The active controlled flux technique (ACFT), where the temperature decay of a small patch of water heated by an infrared laser is tracked using an infrared imager, has been proposed as a method for making these fast noninvasive measurements of the heat and gas transfer velocities. Here, we report on ACFT measurements of the transfer velocity of heat, kH, made in the ocean during the Fluxes, Air-sea Interactions and Remote Sensing (FAIRS) experiment (September/October, 2000) and GasEx-01 (January/February, 2001). The results for kH from both FAIRS and GasEx-01 compare favorably when plotted versus wind speed. However, when scaled to a Schmidt number of 660, the measured kH values were found to be a factor of two larger than gas transfer velocities measured during GasEx-01. The ACFT-derived kH values were combined with direct measurements of the bulk-skin oceanic temperature difference to calculate net air-sea heat fluxes during both experiments. Comparison of these values with heat fluxes determined by direct measurements of the latent, sensible, and radiative heat fluxes showed that the ACFT measurements are a factor of seven larger than the direct measurements. One possible theory explaining both the overprediction of the gas transfer velocities and the scale factor between the measured and calculated net heat fluxes is that air-sea exchange is best described by surface penetration rather than surface renewal.
Applicability of artificial intelligence to reservoir induced earthquakes

This paper proposes to use least square support vector machine (LSSVM) and relevance vector machine (RVM) for prediction of the magnitude (M) of induced earthquakes based on reservoir parameters. Comprehensive parameter (E) and maximum reservoir depth (H) are used as input variables of the LSSVM and RVM. The output of the LSSVM and RVM is M. Equations have been presented based on the developed LSSVM and RVM. The developed RVM also gives variance of the predicted M. A comparative study has been carried out between the developed LSSVM, RVM, artificial neural network (ANN), and linear regression models. Finally, the results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the LSSVM and RVM models.
Successful surgical closure and continence rate of obstetric fistula in Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis

Background A female genital fistula is an abnormal connection between a woman's reproductive tract and her urinary tract or rectum. While numerous studies have aimed to determine the success rate of obstetric fistula closure in different health settings, there remains a significant scarcity of data on closure success rates and incontinence rates for various types of fistulas at the regional and sub-regional levels. The success rate reflects the continent's healthcare setup in regard to the World Health Organization standards. Thus, this study aims to determine the success of surgical closure and the continence rate of obstetric fistula in Africa. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis review includes studies conducted up to February 2023. Search engines like EMBBASE, Medline, Google, PubMed, Google Scholar, African Journals Online, and ScienceDirect databases were utilized to find articles. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical evaluation checklist was used to evaluate the quality of our review, which was conducted in accordance with PRISMA criteria. Heterogeneity was indicated by a p-value for I2 statistics of less than 0.05. Publication bias was assessed using the Egger regression asymmetry test. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using STATA 16. Result This review includes 85 studies. A total of 24 countries from East, West, Central, North, and Southern African sub-regions were included. The overall pooled estimated rate of successful obstetric fistula closure is 86.15 (95% CI: 83.88–88.42). Moreover, the pooled estimated rate of successfully closed vesico-vaginal fistulas but with ongoing or residual incontinence (wet) was revealed as 13.41% (95% CI: 11.15–15.68). The pooled estimated rate of successfully closed rectovaginal fistulas and combined VVF and RVF are 91.06% (95% CI: 86.08–96.03) and 62.21% (95% CI: 48.94–75.49), respectively. Conclusions The rate of successful obstetric fistula closure in Africa is 86.15, which is higher than the WHO target. However, the surgical closure rate of a combined VVF and RVF is 62.2%, which is significantly lower than the WHO target.
Effect of Soil Environment on Species Diversity of Desert Plant Communities

Desert ecosystems possess an astonishing biodiversity and are rich in endangered species. This study investigated characteristics of species diversity and soil environmental factors in three major deserts of China’s Alxa Plateau. The Alxa Desert included 183 plant species belonging to 109 genera and 35 families. The highest numbers of plant species belonged to the Compositae, Gramineae, and Chenopodiaceae families. The research area belongs to the semi-shrub and small semi-shrub deserts in temperate deserts. Species diversity was low, with the Shannon–Wiener index (H′) of shrub-herb = shrub > herb > tree. The Pielou evenness index (E) of shrub herb vegetation was the lowest, indicating more enriched species and fewer sparse species in the community, and that these types of vegetation had the characteristics of rich and obviously dominant species. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and correlations between the comprehensive plant community biodiversity index and soil factors indicated that soil-available phosphorus (NP), organic matter (SOM), and electrical conductivity (EC) had significant impacts on community species diversity. The herbaceous shrub community exhibited the highest H′, Simpson index (D), species richness index (S), soil moisture (SW), and soil nutrients. Planting Calligonum mongolicum, Ephedra membranacea, Artemisia annua, and Phragmites australis to form a typical desert shrub community for community diversity protection is recommended to effectively protect and restore desert ecosystems.
Investigation of ULF magnetic pulsations, air conductivity changes, and infra red signatures associated with the 30 October Alum Rock M5.4 earthquake

Abstract. Several electromagnetic signal types were observed prior to and immediately after 30 October 2007 (Local Time) M5.4 earthquake at Alum Rock, Ca with an epicenter ~15 km NE of San Jose Ca. The area where this event occurred had been monitored since November 2005 by a QuakeFinder magnetometer site, unit 609, 2 km from the epicenter. This instrument is one of 53 stations of the QuakeFinder (QF) California Magnetometer Network-CalMagNet. This station included an ultra low frequency (ULF) 3-axis induction magnetometer, a simple air conductivity sensor to measure relative airborne ion concentrations, and a geophone to identify the arrival of the P-wave from an earthquake. Similar in frequency content to the increased ULF activity reported two weeks prior to the Loma Prieta M7.0 quake in 1989 (Fraser-Smith, 1990, 1991), the QF station detected activity in the 0.01–12 Hz bands, but it consisted of an increasing number of short duration (1 to 30 s duration) pulsations. The pulsations peaked around 13 days prior to the event. The amplitudes of the pulses were strong, (3–20 nT), compared to the average ambient noise at the site, (10–250 pT), which included a component arising from the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) operations. The QF station also detected different pulse shapes, e.g. negative or positive only polarity, with some pulses including a combination of positive and negative. Typical pulse counts over the previous year ranged from 0–15 per day, while the count rose to 176 (east-west channel) on 17 October, 13 days prior to the quake. The air conductivity sensor saturated for over 14 h during the night and morning prior to the quake, which occurred at 20:29 LT. Anomalous IR signatures were also observed in the general area, within 50 km of the epicenter, during the 2 weeks prior to the quake. These three simultaneous EM phenomena were compared with data collected over a 1–2-year period at the site. The data was also compared against accounts of air ionization reported to be associated with radon emission from the ground (Ouzounov, 2007), and a series of laboratory rock stressing experiments (Freund, 2006, 2007a, b, c) to determine if field data was consistent either of these accounts. We could not find a data set with pre-earthquake radon measurements taken near the Alum Rock epicenter to compare against our field data. However, based on the Alum Rock data set example and another data set at Parkfield, the field tests are at least consistent with the lab experiments showing currents, magnetic field disturbances, air conductivity changes, and IR signatures. This is encouraging, but more instrumented earthquake examples are needed to prove a repeating pattern for these types of pre-earthquake EM signatures. For more information on QuakeFinder please view http://www.quakefinder. com .
Robotic Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Coronary Heart Disease: Applications and Recent Advances

Traditional percutaneous coronary intervention (T-PCI) has long been an effective method for treating coronary heart disease (CHD), but the radiation hazards and orthopedic injuries among T-PCI operators are concerning. These problems have been mitigated with the emergence of robotic percutaneous coronary intervention (R-PCI), which is expected to increase intervention accuracy and safety. In this review, we first summarize the current status of PCI development, including robot systems, and PCI application and evaluation. Second, we compare T-PCI and R-PCI to identify the benefits for patients and physicians. In addition, we describe a new R-PCI system, R-PCI WSER-CD01, which incorporates multi-instrument collaborative delivery and provides full-process assistance in minimally invasive vascular intervention. This system introduces three key innovations that address safety concerns, and improve the accuracy, wire compatibility, and remote operation capabilities of existing of vascular intervention robot systems. Finally, we discuss prospects for the development of R-PCI. As an emerging technology, R-PCI aligns well with the trends of precision medicine and telemedicine, and therefore warrants continued innovation.
LOW-MOLECULAR COMPONENTS OF COLOSTRUM PERFORM THE FUNCTION OF ANTIDOTE IN COPPER SULPHATE TOXICATION OF THE BODY

The important action of low-molecular-weight components of colostrum (LCC) as an antidote for intoxication of the body with metal ions was studied. We used the analysis of the dynamics of body weight and body temperature, the indicators of redox systems (the number of lipid hydroperoxides and the activity of glutathione peroxidase), as well as the number and morphotype of bone marrow cells. It was shown that the administration of LCC at a dose of 0.1 mg / 100 g of body weight against the background of intoxication was accompanied by the restoration of body weight and body temperature to the control value, and the indicators of the redox system shifted towards antioxidants, which also corresponds to the control. At the same time, the functional characteristics of the bone marrow remained practically unchanged.