Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
(Mis)Alignment of Challenges and Strategies in Promoting Inclusive Racial Climates in STEM Graduate Departments

This descriptive qualitative study used racialized organizations (Ray, 2019) as a lens to examine how 27 faculty, administrators, and postdoctoral fellows in STEM departments at two institutions understood the problems that underlie negative racial climate, the strategies they used to improve racial climate, and the alignment between problems and solutions. Participants did not discuss racism and White supremacy as factors that contribute to negative racial climate. Instead, they indicated a weak STEM pipeline, and lack of faculty engagement created negative climate. Because participants did not attend to how racism and White supremacy fostered negative climate, their strategies (e.g., increased recruitment, committees, workshops) left systemic racism intact and (un)intentionally amplified labor for racially minoritized graduate students and faculty champions who often led change efforts with little support. These findings can help move departments away from intervention-centered models of change and toward more systemic approaches that contest how racialized organizations operate.
Forward-Central Jet Correlations in $pp$ Collisions at CMS

The azimuthal correlation between central and forward jets has been measured in proton proton collisions at the LHC recorded with the CMS detector at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. Both jets were required to have a minimum transverse momentum of 35 GeV. The forward jet was reconstructed in the hadronic forward calorimeter within the pseudo rapidity range 3.2 < |η| < 4.7, while the central jet was limited to |η| < 2.8. The measurement is performed inclusively and also di erentially for di erent separations in pseudo rapidity, the largest separation allowed by the CMS detector being ∆η = 7.5 units. The analysis is carried out for inclusive dijet events which is then divided into two sub-samples. In one of these sub-samples, an additional jet with pT > 20 GeV in the pseudo rapidity interval between the forward and the central jet is required, while in the second sub-sample events containing such jets are explicitly vetoed. Furthermore, observables describing additional jets outside of the pseudo-rapidity interval spanned by the dijet system are measured. Most of the results are found to be well described by DGLAP based Monte Carlo event generators.
An Online-Optimization-Based High-Frequency Link Control of an MMC-Driven Power Electronic Transformer for Wind-Energy Systems

Wide-scale grid integration of wind-energy renewable systems at the utility scale has sparked interest in novel power-electronic architectures for the interface at medium-voltage (MV) grid. A recent effort in this direction involves a Power Electronic Transformer (PET) comprising back-to-back connected Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs); here, one MMC interfaces with the MV grid, and the other so-called High-Frequency MMC (HF-MMC) interacts with the wind-energy system via an HF transformer and a low-voltage (LV) 2 L voltage-source converter (VSC). In this paper, a novel control architecture for operating the PET is presented, that achieves superior power transfer characteristics across the HF transformer. On the HF-MMC end, an online optimization-based modulation scheme is developed that ensures unity displacement power factor (DPF) operation and current harmonics minimization; while at the 2 L VSC end, the voltage phase angle is controlled to maintain the LV dc-bus. To achieve these and the desired performance improvements, two actions are performed: (a) the target control variables—voltage magnitude of HF-MMC and phase angle of 2L-VSC voltage—are enforced via appropriate control loops, and (b) the switching instances of the HF MMC sub-modules are engineered by solving an optimization problem online using the coordinate-gradient-descent method. Detailed simulation results on analysis and control are presented in MATLAB-SIMULINK. Furthermore, verification of LV dc-bus regulation, unity DPF operation during power transfer, and minimization of HF-link current harmonics are carried out in OPAL-RT-based hardware-in-loop (HIL) real-time simulations and experimental results on a scaled hardware prototype.
Design Analysis of Impinging Jet Array Heat Transfer From a Surface With V-Shaped and Convergent–Divergent Ribs by the Taguchi Method

In this work, the effects of the impingement plate geometry, Reynolds number, jet-plate distance-to-jet diameter ratio, and the jet diameter-to-rib height ratio on the impingement jets were investigated using the Taguchi experimental design method. The heat transfer measurements over a surface with V-shaped ribs (V-SR) and convergent-divergent shaped ribs (CD-SR) by a circular impinging jet array were investigated using a thermal infrared camera. Both V-SR and CD-SR configurations, with an angle of 45°, were considered. Both projected and total Nusselt numbers were considered as performance statistics. After the data on each quality characteristic were obtained from the orthogonal arrays, a main effect analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted to determine the parameters that had significant effects on these quality characteristics. The L32 (21 × 43) orthogonal array was selected as an experimental plan for the four parameters. The Taguchi method was applied with an optimization process to reach the maximum heat transfer. Experimental results validated the suitability of the proposed approach. The best heat transfer performance was obtained with the V-SR arrangements.
Restricted Versus Liberal Versus Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy for Non-vascular Abdominal Surgery: A Network Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Optimal perioperative fluid management is crucial, with over- or under-replacement associated with complications. There are many strategies for fluid therapy, including liberal fluid therapy (LFT), restrictive fluid therapy (RFT) and goal-directed fluid therapy (GDT), without a clear consensus as to which is better. We aimed to find out which is the more effective fluid therapy option in adult surgical patients undergoing non-vascular abdominal surgery in the perioperative period. This study is a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) with node-splitting analysis of inconsistency, sensitivity analysis and meta-regression. We conducted a literature search of Pubmed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Google Scholar and Web of Science. Only studies comparing restrictive, liberal and goal-directed fluid therapy during the perioperative phase in major non-cardiac surgery in adult patients will be included. Trials on paediatric patients, obstetric patients and cardiac surgery were excluded. Trials that focused on goal-directed therapy monitoring with pulmonary artery catheters and venous oxygen saturation (SvO2), as well as those examining purely biochemical and laboratory end points, were excluded. A total of 102 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and 78 studies (12,100 patients) were included. NMA concluded that goal-directed fluid therapy utilising FloTrac was the most effective intervention in reducing the length of stay (LOS) (surface under cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) = 91%, odds ratio (OR) = -2.4, 95% credible intervals (CrI) = -3.9 to -0.85) and wound complications (SUCRA = 86%, OR = 0.41, 95% CrI = 0.24 to 0.69). Goal-directed fluid therapy utilising pulse pressure variation was the most effective in reducing the complication rate (SUCRA = 80%, OR = 0.25, 95% CrI = 0.047 to 1.2), renal complications (SUCRA = 93%, OR = 0.23, 95% CrI = 0.045 to 1.0), respiratory complications (SUCRA = 74%, OR = 0.42, 95% CrI = 0.053 to 3.6) and cardiac complications (SUCRA = 97%, OR = 0.067, 95% CrI = 0.0058 to 0.57). Liberal fluid therapy was the most effective in reducing the mortality rate (SUCRA = 81%, OR = 0.40, 95% CrI = 0.12 to 1.5). Goal-directed therapy utilising oesophageal Doppler was the most effective in reducing anastomotic leak (SUCRA = 79%, OR = 0.45, 95% CrI = 0.12 to 1.5). There was no publication bias, but moderate to substantial heterogeneity was found in all networks. In preventing different complications, except mortality, goal-directed fluid therapy was consistently more highly ranked and effective than standard (SFT), liberal or restricted fluid therapy. The evidence grade was low quality to very low quality for all the results, except those for wound complications and anastomotic leak.
Integrated vehicle control using adaptive control allocation

The focus of this paper is an integrated, fault‐tolerant vehicle control algorithm for the overall stability of ground vehicles. The proposed scheme comprises a high‐level controller that creates a virtual control input and a low‐level adaptive control allocator that distributes the virtual control effort among redundant actuators. The proposed control framework distinguishes itself from earlier results in the literature by its ability to blend active suspension, steering and traction control channels, in the presence of uncertainties and time‐varying dynamics, without the need for fault identification. The control structure is validated in the simulation environment using a fourteen‐degree‐of‐freedom non‐linear vehicle model. The integrated controller is compared to the case of a conventional control approach where each control problem is solved separately. Our results show that, compared to the conventional approach, the proposed method ensures that the vehicle follows driver inputs with up to 33$$ \mathbf{33} $$ % higher longitudinal maneuver velocity, despite the presence of actuator failures and slippery road conditions. Furthermore, to demonstrate the benefit of integrating active suspension control to the overall control scheme, we replaced the suspension control of the proposed approach with an independent suspension control system for comparison purposes. We then showed that the integrated case provided 24$$ \mathbf{24} $$ % lower roll angle deviation, and 20$$ \mathbf{20} $$ % lower pitch angle deviation, in the presence of actuator effectiveness loss and adverse road conditions.
Thermo-Mechanical Modeling and Simulation of Impact and Solidification of an Aluminum Particle

In the thermal spray procedure described in this research, a single aluminum particle is deposited and flattened using thermomechanical modeling and simulation. The explicit software Abaqus is used to conduct the numerical analysis. In this approach, the thermomechanical characteristics of the particle and the substrate are regarded as temperature-dependent. Only heat transmission through conduction is taken into account in this investigation
Evaluating the Impact of High and Low Kilning Temperatures on Popular American Aroma Hops

Abstract Hop drying is an important step during the hop harvest, where hops must be quickly dried from 70–80% to 8–12% moisture to prevent deterioration of hop cones. Collaborating with hop growers in Oregon and Washington, U.S.A. , the study employed commercial-scale drying experiments to investigate the impact of drying hops using static 130 °F (54 °C) and 150 °F (65 °C) air-on temperatures with six popular American aroma hop varieties (Amarillo®, Cascade, Centennial, Citra®, Mosaic®, and Simcoe®) over two harvest years, 2020 and 2021. Hop kilning temperature did not significantly impact the chemical and sensory properties of the hops. However, hop dextrin-reducing enzymes responsible for hop creep were reduced with higher kiln temperatures for all varieties over both harvest years. Drying times were significantly reduced by an average of 20-42% (2–4 h) when drying at 150 °F (65 °C) versus 130 °F (54 °C), depending on the variety. These results could benefit the hop industry by allowing hop growers greater flexibility during hop harvest and offer potential energy savings via reduced drying times.
Utilitarian and Hedonic Motivation in E-Commerce Online Purchasing Intentions

ABSTRACT This study uses the theory of social learning to investigate the relationship between hedonic and utilitarian motivation and e-commerce online shopping intentions. Based on a literature review, four hypotheses and eight sub-hypotheses are proposed. The study’s novelty derives from the study region and the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results indicate a correlation between utilitarian and hedonic motivation and online shopping intentions, while information searching is a significant predictor of online purchase intentions. This paper contributes to both the academic and practical fields, and e-vendors can use it as a framework to manage website activity.
Customers' purchase intention of renewable energy in Jordan: the case of solar panel systems using an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB)

Purpose This study aims to examine the influence of various factors on the customers’ purchase intention of renewable energy in Jordan. The hypotheses and model of the study were adopted from previous studies. Design/methodology/approach The present study was undertaken based on an online survey of 428 Jordanians who are nonusers of renewable energy. The sample was selected using a stratified random sampling method using a structured questionnaire method. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Findings The results indicated that attitudes, subjective norms (social influence), perceived price, knowledge and perceived behavioral control significantly affect the purchase intention of Jordanian customers to adopt renewable energy. Moreover, the study confirms that there are statistically significant differences between demographic variables such as age, income and education about renewable energy purchasing intentions, whereas gender was not significant. Research limitations/implications Some limitations have been identified. First, the generalizability of the findings is one of the common limitations of scientific research, and this study is not an exception. In this regard, the current study has been carried out in the south of Jordan. Therefore, to expand the validity of the findings, future studies need to be attempted in other places in Jordan. Second, the existing study focused on solar panel systems as a form of renewable energy. Future studies could focus on other kinds of renewable energy, such as wind energy. Third, although the sample size of this study was appropriate and sufficient, future studies could use larger samples to enhance the robustness of the results. Practical implications The findings of the current study could help practitioners in the renewable energy industry by identifying the key factors that motivate Jordanian customers to purchase and use such technology. They may use the findings of this study in the formulation of marketing policies and the development of marketing strategies to attract more customers to purchase and use renewable energy appliances like solar panels. Originality/value This is one of the few studies in the energy industry of Jordan devoted to developing and testing a model of determinants of purchasing intentions for solar panel systems that focuses on renewable energy purchasing behavior. Further, this study used demographic variables as control variables, which makes the study different from other studies by investigating the role of demographic characteristics in the context of the purchase intention for solar panel systems.
An empirical study on the influence of institutional cross-shareholding on the innovation of listed companies

In this paper, we study the impact of cross-shareholdings of listed companies institutions innovation and mechanism of action, and use computer and related technology combined with econometrics, adopt OLS regression analysis and intermediary effect inspection and so on model, based on China’s a-share listed companies from 2007 to 2020 data, cross-shareholdings of listed companies to institutional innovation influence the empirical analysis. It is found that institutional cross-shareholding mainly improves innovation input and output by alleviating financing constraints, and the conclusion is still robust after considering the endogeneity problem.
A hemispheric hetero-core fiber optic tactile sensor for texture and hardness detection

This paper describes a hemispheric tactile sensor based on a hetero-core optical fiber for texture and hardness detection in a small contact area. The hetero-core fiber optic sensors developed in our laboratory have been proved to have several attractive advantages such as high sensitivity to soft bending, immunity to temperature fluctuation and cost-effective scheme. The hemisphere-shaped hetero-core fiber optic tactile sensor converts the applied force into the bending curvature on a hetero-core optical fiber. To evaluate the detection performance of minute-structured rough surface, the proposed sensor was tested for scanning on a cloth with the periodic pattern of 0.74 mm. Additionally, it was confirmed that the sensor was able to detect local hardness distributions of hard plastic lumps which were embedded into silicone rubbers. It was furthermore discussed that the sensor can be applied for precise discrimination of such household objects as several kinds of papers with different texture and hardness.
A Review on Ultrafast Laser Enabled Excellent Superhydrophobic Anti-Icing Performances

Fabricating and developing superhydrophobic anti-icing surfaces have been a research hotspot for eliminating undesired icing issues. Among various fabricating strategies, ultrafast laser micro-nano fabrication is regarded as a greatly promising technique owing to its advantages of high geometric accuracy, highly flexible microstructure or dimension availability, no contact, and no material limitation. A number of diverse micro-nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces have been developed by ultrafast lasers and demonstrated extraordinary anti-icing properties. They are collectively known as ultrafast laser-fabricated superhydrophobic anti-icing surfaces (ULSASs). In this article, we reviewed the recent advances in ULSASs from micro-nano structure fabricating to anti-icing performances and to potential applications. The surface wettability and mechanisms of ultrafast laser micro-nano fabrication are first introduced, showing the strong ability of ultrafast laser for fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces. Then the deepened understanding of the relationship between superhydrophobicity and icephobicity is discussed in detail, including Cassie–Baxter stability, surface durability and environmental adaptability. Eventually, the passive anti-icing technique, the passive/active combined anti-icing technique and their practical applications are presented together with current challenges and future prospects.
Construction and Maintenance of Building Geometric Digital Twins: State of the Art Review

Most of the buildings that exist today were built based on 2D drawings. Building information models that represent design-stage product information have become prevalent in the second decade of the 21st century. Still, it will take many decades before such models become the norm for all existing buildings. In the meantime, the building industry lacks the tools to leverage the benefits of digital information management for construction, operation, and renovation. To this end, this paper reviews the state-of-the-art practice and research for constructing (generating) and maintaining (updating) geometric digital twins. This paper also highlights the key limitations preventing current research from being adopted in practice and derives a new geometry-based object class hierarchy that mainly focuses on the geometric properties of building objects, in contrast to widely used existing object categorisations that are mainly function-oriented. We argue that this new class hierarchy can serve as the main building block for prioritising the automation of the most frequently used object classes for geometric digital twin construction and maintenance. We also draw novel insights into the limitations of current methods and uncover further research directions to tackle these problems. Specifically, we believe that adapting deep learning methods can increase the robustness of object detection and segmentation of various types; involving design intents can achieve a high resolution of model construction and maintenance; using images as a complementary input can help to detect transparent and specular objects; and combining synthetic data for algorithm training can overcome the lack of real labelled datasets.
Advanced Engine Dynamics Using MBS and a Mixed Nonlinear FEM and Super Element Approach

Dynamic simulations of a twin-cylinder boxer engine are carried out with rigid and flexible multibody models. Pistons and connecting rods are considered as rigid bodies while the crankshaft is modeled as a flexible part and meshed with brick elements. With this model, calculation of crankshaft stresses and displacements is possible. For constant speed studies, flexible simulations are carried out on one or two engine cycles but simulations with a variable rotation speed has to be performed on a larger number of engine revolutions. Due to the complex shape of the crankshaft, the simulation times become important and it is difficult to keep on working with the complete crankshaft model. Thus several simplified models, including super element models, are developed. In this paper, a particular method, using also the super element technique, is proposed. A large part of the crankshaft is substructured and modeled with super elements. While a critical area, identified by a simulation performed with a coarse crankshaft mesh, is not modified and modeled by nonlinear finite element. Several methods of linking the super elements and the finite element mesh are experimented. Once the best connection method determined, results and computation time of the simulation using this model will be compared to those obtained with the complete crankshaft model and the other simplified models.
Identification of Nine Gastropod Species with Three New Records using Cytochrome Oxidase Sub-Unit 1 Marker

Qurat-ul-Ain Ijaz1, Amna Sulaman1, Dost Muhammad Baloch2, Muhammad Shafi2, Faiz Muhammad1* and Shahnaz Rashid1 1Center of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan 2Lasbella University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Lasbella, Uthal Article Information Received 01 July 2022 Revised 15 August 2022 Accepted 14 September 2022 Available online 27 April 2023 (early access)
High-Power Millimeter-Wave Calorimetric Beam Absorbers

Abstract Beam absorbers play an important role both in electron cyclotron heating systems at high power and in millimeter-wave diagnostics that need a low level of stray or reflected power. In the first case short- and long-pulse loads are used, whose back-reflection can be kept within a few percent with proper techniques. In the second case, absorbers or scramblers are envisaged, to be put in hostile environments. At Istituto di Fisica del Plasma in Milan, a number of calorimetric loads have been developed, adopting several techniques for overall reflectivity reduction, which are suitable for beam sinking with calorimetric capability. They achieve a low overall reflectivity and high-power capability by a properly chosen power distribution in the absorbing wall provided by a dispersing mirror, by a smooth geometrical shape, by heat-resistant absorbing coatings of optimized thickness, and by accurate trapping of most of the escaping radiation with preload structures. Fundamental, when it becomes impossible to diffuse the incoming beam by the mirror alone, mostly because of side lobes at large angles, is the use of a newly developed phase-scrambling surface presented in this paper. It provides the necessary spreading, complementing all the other techniques into a set that can be helpful in designing millimeter-wave systems and diagnostics, in order to reduce spurious or unwanted signals.