Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of magic come in from the cold: Pictorial evidence of placebo effect

Known as the song of Muu and published by Holmer and Wassen in 1947 [1], it was the first magical religious text to attract interest in the West. Erland Nordenskiold, a Swedish pioneer in the study of alien cultures, had drawn attention to it in 1938 [2]. The song concerns a female patient who is physically involved through the shaman’s manipulations, which are designed to extract the cause of her illness. For an observer to understand what happens, the ritual needs to be seen as an endeavour to bring the patient into the myth that all those present trust. The ‘medicine’ here is the text of Muu’s incantation – the shaman neither touches the woman’s body nor performs any physical treatment. The song invokes the pathological condition and its location directly and explicitly. To a Western mind, it represents a psychological manipulation of a sick organ and it is just because of this manipulation that a cure is expected. The songs focus is on what might be called the changeover in the myth’s description from the physical to the mental, from the external world to the domain of the body. When the shaman’s intense and lively narrative dramatizes the myth in the internal body, the woman experiences her pathological condition inside herself. The shaman comes to her aid by relating the familiar myth and thereby clothing the unknown and unexpected in a guise she recognizes, understands, believes in, and can handle. When this enables the woman to come to terms with her pain, the pain disappears. The song of Muu, a classic anthropological account, represents a search for answers to questions not yet explored in our world. It involves a shaman who uses an interpretive framework that he shares with the person who comes to him for assistance and with the community to which she belongs. This narrative tells us something about how a trustful verbal situation can elicit marked physiological reactions. The brief recapitulation of this ritual will serve as a primary example of magical treatment as a prelude to discussing the relationship between magic and the cerebral images of placebo effects. The legitimacy of placebo effects is altering and expanding on its pejorative nineteenth-century definition as a medicine adapted more to please than to benefit the patient, to one that encompasses many features occurring in the course of patient–provider interactions that can positively affect health and well-being. The classical question of how the mind and body interact in orchestrating human experience has taken some steps forward due to the advances in such medical experiments. The problems raised by placebo phenomena in a medical context are epistemological. They haunt objectivity and the definition of the real and active factors in treatment. They were first ignored, then controlled for their presumed contaminating effects, and finally studied as important phenomenon in their own right.
Immunometabolism: Cellular Metabolism Turns Immune Regulator*

Immune cells are highly dynamic in terms of their growth, proliferation, and effector functions as they respond to immunological challenges. Different immune cells can adopt distinct metabolic configurations that allow the cell to balance its requirements for energy, molecular biosynthesis, and longevity. However, in addition to facilitating immune cell responses, it is now becoming clear that cellular metabolism has direct roles in regulating immune cell function. This review article describes the distinct metabolic signatures of key immune cells, explains how these metabolic setups facilitate immune function, and discusses the emerging evidence that intracellular metabolism has an integral role in controlling immune responses.
Purchasing Behavior of Tourists Towards Tennessee-Made Products

Abstract Purchasing behaviors of tourists for Tennessee-made food products were examined. Amount of units purchased, approximate expenditures, and where products were purchased were recorded. Over 95% of the individuals purchased Tennessee-made food products for themselves and 64% purchased the products as gifts. The majority of the products were purchased at speciality stores or tourist sites. Products most often purchased included candies/confections and chocolates. Quality of the products was the most important factor in the decision to purchase. The average tourist visiting Tennessee purchased 4.9 items and spent $34.60 on these products. Processors of state-made products and tourism departments need to market the quality and uniqueness of their products at speciality shops and tourist sites.
The state of corporate citizenship in Brazil

Purpose – This paper aims to present the state of corporate citizenship in Brazil. Design/methodology/approach – The results of a survey of Brazilian companies is used to analyze the state of corporate citizenship in Brazil. The survey was constructed using the methodology developed by Mirvis & Googins on measuring the stage of corporate citizenship, and 172 valid responses from Brazilian companies were received. Findings – Data suggest that Brazilian companies have an advanced understanding of corporate citizenship and the strategic intention to integrate citizenship into their business. When it comes to leadership, structures, issue management, stakeholder relationships and transparency, however, their maturity in terms of citizenship stays in less advanced stages. In sum, Brazilian companies are advanced in the concept but less developed in the practice of corporate citizenship. Research limitations/implications – The sample consists of 172 valid responses from companies in Brazil acting in various sec.
From nationalism to nation-building: Latvian politics and minority policy*

With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the subsequent independence of Latvia, a minority group became a majority and a majority group became a minority. This has been the situation for Latvians and Russians after August 1991. The Baltic States led the way towards first autonomy and then independence. The nationalist movement in the Latvian SSR was primarily a minority nationalist movement. Why do minorities mobilise? Gurr finds that minorities rebel for two reasons: relative deprivation and group mobilisation. Relative deprivation answers the question of why and it characterizes the status of the Latvian language and culture vis-à-vis that of Russia during the Soviet period. While relative deprivation has come under considerable criticism because of its inability to explain when a group will mobilise, the notion can be found in the nationalist rhetoric before and since the restoration of Latvian independence. Group mobilisation goes further in explaining when minorities may assert political claims. Considered in terms of changes in the political opportunity structure, the changing politics of glasnost allowed the nationalist movements to mobilise in the Baltic States.
The use of cycles? explaining employee involvement in the 1990s

Drawing on evidence from twenty-five case studies from different sectors and parts of the country, the authors challenge Ramsay's influential ‘cycles of control’ theory of participation as a managerial response to industrial relations pressures from below. Through a series of ‘ideal type’ scenarios, they indicate the range of management motives behind the new ‘wave’ of employee involvement schemes.
Flexibility – A Manufacturing Conundrum

The word “flexible”, when viewed in an industrial context, although accepted by users and suppliers equally, does not bear uniformity of meaning, as different types of flexibility require different manufacturing responses. Change can be capacity‐related, induced by customers or equipment‐related, and a manufacturing strategy may involve price, and/or speed and reliability of delivery. However, although types of flexibility may interrelate and conflict with one another, organisations must ensure that their investments produce the benefits appropriate to their markets.
Hilton Hotels

Like many companies, Hilton Hotels has set a goal of creating value for its stakeholders. To deliver on this goal, Hilton's leadership developed a step-by-step program to define and then measure value creation in its operations. Integral to the success of this value-creation strategy was the premise that tracking corporate performance must go beyond hard financial indicators to includ other factors that drive profitable growth, and ultimately, increase shareholder value. To do this, Hilton Hotels adopted a diagnostic measure called the balanced scorecard, which assesses the effectiveness of Hilton's business design by linking short-term tactics with long-term strategic objectives. In addition to typical financial measures (e.g., RevPAR, EBITDA), the balanced scorecard also considers results from guest surveys and employee surveys, as well as reports from mystery shoppers. The diagnostic results are communicated in a simple and effective manner using a green-yellow-red rubric. Items that fall in the red zone need immediate attention, while those scoring in the yellow zone still need improvement. Green indicates a job well done. The result has been steady improvement in guest-survey results and strong financial results.
Biomechanical Comparison Between Sprint Start, Sled Pulling, and Selected Squat-Type Exercises

Abstract Okkonen, O and Häkkinen, K. Biomechanical comparison between sprint start, sled pulling, and selected squat-type exercises. J Strength Cond Res 27(10): 2662–2673, 2013—The purpose of this study was to compare kinetics, kinematics, and muscle activity among sprint start, sled pulling, and selected squat-type exercises (countermovement jumps [CMJs] and 1/2-squats with various loads) and also to examine how these exercises correlate with the performance time of the block start (10 m). Nine male athletes (4 sprinters, 3 decathlonists, 1 long jumper, and 1 triple jumper: age = 24.9 ± 3.9 years; 100-m record = 11.35 ± 0.29 seconds; track and field training years = 11.8 ± 3.1 years) volunteered as subjects. The comparisons were made with regard to the block phase (the phase of force production toward starting blocks) of the block start. In nearly all exercises, the activity of the gluteus maximus was significantly (p ⩽ 0.05) higher than that during the block phase. Ground reaction forces were larger (p ⩽ 0.05) during the 1/2-squats and CMJs. The angular velocity of the knee was significantly (p ⩽ 0.05) higher during the CMJs than during the block phase and, in general, the kinematic values of the sled pulling and CMJs were closest to the values of the block start. The highest correlation existed between the performance time in the block start (10 m) and the takeoff velocity during the CMJ without a load (r = −0.950, p ⩽ 0.001). In conclusions, the sled pulling and CMJs can be recommended to be used in the training of the block start because both velocity and movement specificity with regard to the block start and, hence, good transfer of training adaptations to the block start can be expected.
Patients as experts: Consumer appraisal of health services

Consumer appraisal is a key aspect of quality assurance and its use in the National Health Service (NHS) is growing. Most appraisal looks at aspects of service not involving professional judgement, which consumers are best placed to judge, although it may also be right for aspects involving professional judgement, such as when medical efficacy is not the only criterion for success. This article discusses the techniques associated with consumer appraisal and argues that the aims of the Citizen's Charter and Patient's Charter will not be fully achieved without widespread adoption of them in the NHS.
Evidence of symptom profiles consistent with posttraumatic stress disorder and complex posttraumatic stress disorder in different trauma samples

Background The International Classification of Diseases, 11th version (ICD-11), proposes two related stress and trauma-related disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD). A diagnosis of CPTSD requires that in addition to the PTSD symptoms, an individual must also endorse symptoms in three major domains: (1) affective dysregulation, (2) negative self-concepts, and (3) interpersonal problems. This study aimed to determine if the naturally occurring distribution of symptoms in three groups of traumatised individuals (bereavement, sexual victimisation, and physical assault) were consistent with the ICD-11, PTSD, and CPTSD specification. The study also investigated whether these groups differed on a range of other psychological problems. Methods and Results Participants completed self-report measures of each symptom group and latent class analyses consistently found that a three class solution was best. The classes were “PTSD only,” “CPTSD,” and “low PTSD/CPTSD. ” These classes differed significantly on measures of depression, anxiety, dissociation, sleep disturbances, somatisation, interpersonal sensitivity, and aggression. The “CPTSD” class in the three samples scored highest on all the variables, with the “PTSD only” class scoring lower and the “low PTSD/CPTSD” class the lowest. Conclusion This study provides evidence to support the diagnostic structure of CPTSD and indicted that CPTSD is associated with a broad range of other psychological problems.
Cumulative and Combinatorial Micro-dynamics of Knowledge: The Role of Space and Place in Knowledge Integration

The changing nature of innovation processes is a significant feature of the global structural transformation towards knowledge economies. Much more than in the past, innovation processes require the integration of highly specialized knowledge bases distributed over heterogeneous actors. Hence, we claim that there is a hidden qualitative shift in knowledge dynamics towards combinatorial knowledge. The geography of these knowledge dynamics on the micro-level is at the centre of this article. It explores the ways in which space and place shape cumulative and combinatorial knowledge dynamics by proximity economies and the institutional embeddedness of actors and in turn reshape territory and territorial configurations of actors. Knowing more about these interrelations may provide an improved basis for regional policy-making regarding the reform of established institutions and practices.
The cost of risk and option hedging in incomplete markets

In practice the hedging process does not satisfy the assumptions of the Black-Scholes model. Traders do not hedge continuously because of transaction costs and time constraints and often do not choose low risk over a high but risky profit. The goal of this thesis is to construct a model reflecting these aspects of option hedging in real life.
Is the Full-Time Housewife a Symbol of a Wealthy Family?

Do wives with high-earning husbands tend to choose to be full-time housewives? Are the households in which both spouses earn high incomes increasing? This article answers these questions. It also shows what kinds of impacts such changes in household income composition are having on income inequality among all households, and discusses the effects of the tax system. The analysis shows, at least with regard to younger households, that (1) high husband incomes have only a weak effect on restraining their wives' employment, and (2) the number of households in which both spouses earn high incomes is increasing. These changes in household income composition have contributed about 5 percent of the growth in overall inequality among households. The existence of the spousal deduction constrains the employment of wives with high-earning husbands, but its effects on equalizing overall household incomes is declining.
Informationless Investing and Hedge Fund Performance Measurement Bias

Asset managers have the ability to engage in essentially “informationless” investment strategies that can produce the appearance of return enhancement without necessarily providing any value to an investor. Statistical estimates of risk, return, and association therefore frequently mischaracterize investment returns. These mischaracterizations, the author argues, have significant negative implications for both the asset allocation process and the validity of related academic research. He presents three specific informationless investment strategies, which he believes are endemic to the hedge fund industry, and assesses their consequences with respect to performance measurement and asset allocation.
Military TBI During the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important source of morbidity in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Although penetrating brain injuries are more readily identified, closed brain injuries occur more commonly. Explosion or blast injury is the most common cause of war injuries. The contribution of the primary blast wave (primary blast injury) in brain injury is an area of active research. Lessons learned from the sports concussion and civilian mild TBI literature are useful. Individuals with TBI and posttraumatic stress disorder require treatment of both conditions. Families and communities need to be cognizant of the needs of these returning veterans.
Human factors in critical care: towards standardized integrated human-centred systems of work

Purpose of reviewImprovements in safety and quality benefit from a systems approach. Human factors is the study and practice of the relationship between humans and systems. This review examines recent advances in human factors in healthcare. Recent findingsEarly studies focused on understanding incidents, and on the translation of principles from aviation to healthcare, which demonstrated a useful but limited application of the human factors approach. More recent studies have begun to address the complexity of the relationship between human behaviour and technology, tasks, environment and organization. Human factors frameworks have been usefully applied that aid in these complex considerations, providing a better understanding of the healthcare system, and a much broader range of solutions to problems than checklists, protocols or training. In particular, in improving equipment design and procurement; improving job design by understanding the demands and tasks of individual healthcare practitioners; in improving what and when training is delivered; and the integration of these complex system components into a coherent whole. SummaryThe human factors approach is not yet mature in healthcare, but the importance is being increasingly recognized, and the breadth of application continually expanded.
Effect of parasitic sex‐ratio distorters on host gene frequencies in a mainland–island context

It was previously argued that infection by parasitic sex‐ratio distorters can enhance both random genetic drift and genetic influx from outside the population. However, these two enhancement effects have been studied independently. Here, we study the equilibrium frequencies of alleles (neutral and selected) in a mainland–island scenario where both genetic drift and genetic influx are enhanced due to infection by a cytoplasmic feminizing element. Interestingly, our model reveals that at neutral loci, the two effects almost exactly cancel each other out, such that infection has only a very minor effect on the equilibrium frequency distributions of alleles. At selected loci, in contrast, the two effects are unbalanced and infection has conspicuous effects. Despite the cryptic effects of infection at neutral loci, we demonstrate that temporally spaced data can be used to evaluate the effect of infection on genetic drift and that on gene flow separately.
Radicalism and corporate social responsibility: unlikely partners?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the dichotomy of radicalism and reformism in the corporate social responsibility (CSR)/sustainability literature, where the reform position is described as mainstream, where sustainability is delivered by governance mechanisms, regulation and planning, internalising costs, and redesigning industrial processes. Radical critiques of this position argue that reformists have “claimed” the CSR debate and therefore disempowered those who would bring about more fundamental changes. The alternative radical position is described as a countercurrent, an ecocentric approach requiring change in economic and political systems.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews some of the thinking in this area to assess whether a truly radical position is possible to affect change or whether the forces of incrementalism allow gentle resistance to the status quo, which will be more effective in closing the sustainability gap.Findings – The paper maps some of the models desc.
SHIP1, an SH2 Domain Containing Polyinositol-5-phosphatase, Regulates Migration through Two Critical Tyrosine Residues and Forms a Novel Signaling Complex with DOK1 and CRKL*

SHIP1 is an SH2 domain containing inositol-5-phosphatase that appears to be a negative regulator of hematopoiesis. The tyrosine kinase oncogene BCR/ABL drastically reduces expression of SHIP1. The major effect of re-expressing SHIP1 in BCR/ABL-transformed cells is reduction of hypermotility. To investigate the potential signaling pathways involving SHIP1 in hematopoietic cells, we overexpressed SHIP1 in a murine BCR/ABL-transformed Ba/F3 cell line and identified SHIP1-associated proteins. SHIP1 was found to form a novel signaling complex with BCR/ABL that includes DOK1 (p62DOK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and CRKL, each of which has been previously shown to regulate migration in diverse cell types. We found that DOK1 binds directly through its PTB domain to SHIP1. Direct interaction of SHIP1 with CRKL was mediated through the CRKL-SH2 domain. Co-precipitation experiments suggest that Tyr917 and Tyr1020 in SHIP1 are likely to mediate interactions with DOK1. In contrast to wild type SHIP1, expression of tyrosine mutant SHIP1 by transient transfection did not alter migration. PI3K was likely linked to this complex by CRKL. Thus, this complex may serve to generate a very specific set of phosphoinositol products, possibly involved in regulating migration. Overall, these data suggest that proteins that interact with SHIP1 through Tyr917 and Tyr1020, such as DOK1 and SHC, are likely to be involved in the regulation of SHIP1 dependent migration.
Dendritic cell activity against primary tumors: an overview.

Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC) function as antigen presenting cells (APC). Little is known of their capability to exert regulatory effects on the epithelial cells in various organs. It was reported that injection of the bacterial cell wall preparation OK432 into mouse skin resulted in the activation of IL-1 and TNF-alpha gene expression in Langerhans cells (LC). In addition to studies on LC/DC in normal tissues, numerous investigators reported that DC can infiltrate primary tumors in experimental animals and humans and cause tumor regression. Human tumors in which DC infiltrates were detected did not develop metastases. The presence of DC in tumor biopsies correlated with the survival of patients. Absence of DC from tumors suggested poor prognosis. Activation of DC by immunomodulators seemed to enhance the ability of DC to prevent the development of metastatic tumors. Information on the role of DC as anticancer cells was recently reviewed, but information on the molecular basis of the anticancer activity of DC is needed. Another problem which needs to be answered is the ability of some tumors to prevent DC from entering the tumor. It is possible that DC and tumor cells, interact and counteract by releasing cytokines which abrogate tumor cells or DC, respectively. In the present analysis the DC responses to extrinsic cytokines and immunomodulators will be discussed. The ability of DC to induce the expression of the nitric oxide synthase gene will be discussed in relation to the anticancer activity of DC and in comparison with the reported anticancer activity of macrophages. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)