Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of solid particle transport in atmospheric boundary-layer over obstacles

Afin de mieux comprendre les mecanismes lies a l’erosion du sol sous l’effet du vent, le transport de particules solides dans un ecoulement de couche limite turbulente a l’echelle d’une soufflerie est etudie a l’aide de simulations numeriques. La presence d’une ou plusieurs collines Gaussiennes au sol permet d’etudier les effets de la topographie sur le transport, le depot et la reemission de particules solides. L’ecoulement du fluide porteur est resolu par la Simulation des Grandes Echelles (SGE). Des modeles de paroi pour la vitesse du fluide sont implementes afin de mieux representer l’ecoulement proche d’une colline. Le mouvement des particules est pris en compte par un suivi Lagrangien. Des modeles d’envol et de rebond sont developpes et utilises pour prendre en compte l’emission et l’impact au sol des particules. Dans la premiere partie, l’ecoulement au-dessus de collines transversales est simule et valide par des comparaisons avec differentes experiences. Selon Oke [1988], l’ecoulement dans la canopee urbaine peut etre schematiquement caracterise par differents regimes en fonction du positionnement relatif des obstacles. Ce concept est applique au cas des dunes, assimilees a des collines dans notre etude. L’accent est mis sur la zone de recirculation (ZR) formee derriere ces collines. Les variations de la ZR sont examinees en fonction de differents parametres dont la configuration des collines et le nombre de Reynolds. De plus, une etude portant sur la sous couche rugueuse est effectuee de facon a determiner l’effet de la rugosite due a la couche de particules solides au sol. La seconde partie du travail porte sur la simulation des particules au-dessus des collines. L’objectif est l’amelioration des modelisations concernant l’envol, le rebond et le couplage entre le fluide et les particules. Un premier travail de validation est realise en utilisant le modele complet de transport des particules solides. En particulier, l’evolution du flux d’emission des particules, estime par le modele d’envol, en fonction du nombre de Shields, donne des resultats comparables aux modeles classiques de saltation et aux experiences de la litterature. Au-dessus des collines, le transport des particules solides est etudie par des profils de concentration et de vitesse moyenne. Pour analyser les resultats, deux cartographies sont realisees. La premiere donne l’intensite des evenements locaux et instantanes qui seraient a l’origine de l’evacuation des particules piegees au sein de la ZR. La seconde montre la distribution des particules deposees au sol. Ces resultats permettent d’identifier des zones sujettes a l’erosion et a l’accumulation autour des collines. Enfin, les flux des particules piegees et deposees a l’interieur de la ZR sont quantifies et compares aux flux des particules emises en amont. Ces flux, bien que faibles par rapport au flux entrant, contribueraient aux migrations des dunes et a l’avancee des deserts.
Improved Approximation Algorithms for the Joint Replenishment Problem with Outliers, and with Fairness Constraints

The joint replenishment problem (JRP) is a classical inventory management problem. We consider a natural generalization with outliers, where we are allowed to reject (that is, not service) a subset of demand points. In this paper, we are motivated by issues of fairness - if we do not serve all of the demands, we wish to ``spread out the pain'' in a balanced way among customers, communities, or any specified market segmentation. One approach is to constrain the rejections allowed, and to have separate bounds for each given customer. In our most general setting, we consider a set of C features, where each demand point has an associated rejection cost for each feature, and we have a given bound on the allowed rejection cost incurred in total for each feature. This generalizes a model of fairness introduced in earlier work on the Colorful k-Center problem in which (analogously) each demand point has a given color, and we bound the number of rejections of each color class. We give the first constant approximation algorithms for the fairness-constrained JRP with a constant number of features; specifically, we give a 2.86-approximation algorithm in this case. Even for the special case in which we bound the total (weighted) number of outliers, this performance guarantee improves upon bounds previously known for this case. Our approach is an LP-based algorithm that splits the instance into two subinstances. One is solved by a novel iterative rounding approach and the other by pipage-based rounding. The standard LP relaxation has an unbounded integrality gap, and hence another key element of our algorithm is to strengthen the relaxation by correctly guessing key attributes of the optimal solution, which are sufficiently concise, so that we can enumerate over all possible guesses in polynomial time - albeit exponential in C, the number of features.
Coseismic and early postseismic deformation due to the 25 April 2015, Mw 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake from InSAR and GPS measurements

Analysis of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Global Positioning System (GPS) data reveals coseismic and early postseismic (4–88 days) surface displacements associated with the 25 April 2015, Mw 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake. The pattern of early postseismic surface uplift and subsidence is found to be opposite to that of the coseismic motion. InSAR and GPS data were jointly inverted for coseismic and postseismic slip on the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT). We consider a complex ramp‐flat‐ramp‐flat subsurface structure of the MHT with four connected fault planes dipping toward north from the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT). The inverted coseismic slip distribution follows an elliptical pattern, extending east‐southeastward from the hypocenter with maximum amplitude of 5.7 m above the upper edge of the midcrustal ramp. We infer early postseismic afterslip (4–16 days) of 0.2–0.47 m toward downdip of the coseismic slip asperity and another patch with 0.1–0.2 m slip toward east. The shallow portion of the MHT toward south is found to have remained unruptured during the earthquake, nor did it slip aseismically after the earthquake, suggesting possibility of large events in the future.
Trial Watch

The expression “adoptive cell transfer” (ACT) is commonly employed to indicate an immunotherapeutic regimen involving the isolation of autologous blood-borne or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, their selection/expansion/activation ex vivo, and their reinfusion into the patient, most often in the context of lymphodepleting pre-conditioning and in combination with immunostimulatory treatments. Optionally, the cellular material for ACT is genetically manipulated before expansion to (1) target specific tumor-associated antigens; (2) endogenously express immunostimulatory molecules; and/or (3) persist for long periods upon reinfusion. Consistent efforts have been dedicated at the amelioration of this immunotherapeutic regimen throughout the past decade, resulting in the establishment of ever more efficient and safer ACT protocols. Accordingly, the number of clinical trials testing ACT in oncological indications does not cease to increase. In this Trial Watch, we summarize recent developments in this exciting area of research, covering both high-impact studies that have been published during the last 12 months and clinical trials that have been launched in the same period to evaluate the safety and therapeutic potential of ACT in cancer patients.
Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning for Temporal Pattern Prediction

In this work, we explore the use of hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) for the task of temporal sequence prediction. Using a combination of deep learning and HRL, we develop a stock agent to predict temporal price sequences from historical stock price data and a vehicle agent to predict steering angles from first person, dash cam images. Our results in both domains indicate that a type of HRL, called feudal reinforcement learning, provides significant improvements to training speed and stability and prediction accuracy over standard RL. A key component to this success is the multi-resolution structure that introduces both temporal and spatial abstraction into the network hierarchy.
Subgoal Discovery for Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning Using Learned Policies

SUBGOAL DISCOVERY FOR HIERARCHICAL REINFORCEMENT LEARNING USING LEARNED POLICIES Publication No. ______ Sandeep Kumar Goel, MS The University of Texas at Arlington, 2003 Supervising Professor: Dr. Manfred Huber Reinforcement learning has proven to be an effective method for creating intelligent agents in a wide range of applications. However, it suffers from the need for a large number of training episodes, a problem that is especially noticeable in large domains. Although the utility of hierarchy is commonly accepted, there has been relatively little research on autonomously discovering or creating useful hierarchies. A system is desirable that can scale reinforcement learning to complex real-world tasks and autonomously discover hierarchical structures within their learning and control systems. v This thesis introduces a method that allows a reinforcement learning agent to autonomously discover and create hierarchy from a learned policy model. A hierarchy of actions helps to create an abstraction which is an encapsulation of a set of actions into a single higher level action that allows an agent to learn while ignoring details that appear at finer levels. The main idea is to find subgoals in a learned policy model by searching for states that exhibit certain structural properties. These subgoals are used to create hierarchies of actions. The hierarchies of actions help the agent to explore more effectively and accelerate learning in other tasks in the same or similar environments where the same subgoals are useful. It is demonstrated that the hierarchical action sequences created with autonomously discovered subgoals can facilitate learning and enable effective knowledge transfer to related tasks.
HIERARCHICAL REINFORCEMENT LEARNING FOR EPIDEMIC CONTROL ON NETWORKS WITH UNKNOWN STRUCTURES

Epidemics such as COVID-19 pose serious threats to public health and our society, and it is critical to investigate effective methods to control the spread of epidemics over networks. Prior works on epidemic control often assume complete knowledge of network structures, a presumption seldom valid in real-world situations. In this paper, we study epidemic control on networks with unknown structures, and propose a hierarchical reinforcement learning framework for joint network structure exploration and epidemic control. To reduce the action space and achieve computation tractability, our proposed framework contains three modules: the Policy Selection Module, which determines whether to explore the structure or remove nodes to control the epidemic; the Ex-plore Module, responsible for selecting nodes to explore; and the Remove Module, which decides which nodes to remove to stop the epidemic spread. Simulation results show that our proposed method outperforms baseline methods.
COMPARISON OF POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS OF MERIONES UNGUICULATUS ADAPTING FARMLAND AND GRASSLAND

This paper deals with two gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) populations from the sites of the farmland and the grassland in Siziwang Banner north to Yin Mountains,Inner Mongolia. 243 gerbils were obtained from the farmland population and 271 from the grassland population in June, then 222 and 185 in September, respectively. The distance from one site to the other is about sixty km. and there is no topographic difference between them. Population densities in the two sites are similar. In summer (June) the body length and the body weight in all age classes of the grassland population were higher than that of the farmland population, and in autumn (September) there were no significant differences between them. It meant that from summer to autumn the growth of the gerbils in the farmland was greater than that in the grassland. In autumn the percentage of the pregnant females, the percentage of the males with enlarged seminal vesical and the testis length of the adult in the farmland were bigger than those in the grassland, respectively, and there were no significant differences in these parameters between the two populations in summer. The litter size in the grassland population was higher than that in the farmland population in summer and no significant difference was found in autumn. There was significant difference in age structure between the two populatons in autumn, the juvenile and subadult occupied 58.10% in the farmland population, while only 13.52% in the grassland populatiou and the age structure of the two populations was rather similar in summer. It meant that the reproductive intensity of the farmland population decreased slowly from summer to autumn wheras the reproductive intensity of the grassland population decreased quickly. The planting of crops provided the gerbil population in the farmland with a favourable supply of food from summer to autumn while the ploughing after harvest made the farmland an unfavourable place for living and food from winter to spring. In the grassland which was seldom disturbed by human activities the living condition of the gerbil was more stable than that in the farmland.This resulted in the differences in the adaptive characteristics between the two populations.
Sedimentation History of the Sand Bars in the Entrance of Tofutsu Lake Evaluated by Means of MASW

調査は大潮に当たる2008年7月3日(木)と4日(金) の2日間にわたって,砂州の干出時間帯に実施した. 北 海道のオホーツク海沿岸では大潮時に1日あたり1回の 潮汐変動となるのが特徴である. 調査期間中の周辺海域 における干満の潮位差は約1. 4mであったが,湖口が狭い ために湖内の潮位変動はこれよりも小さくなる. 調査地点周辺の地図を図-1に示す. 湖口から河口まで の距離はわずか400m程度である. 鉄道や道路は湖を締 め切る海岸砂州上を通っている. MASWによる探査は, 図-2に示すように,河口砂州上に設定したA~Fの6測線 で実施した. 湖口から湖奥に向かった砂州の縦断方向に 濤沸湖における湖口周辺砂州の 表面波探査を活用した堆積形成史の復元 Sedimentation History of the Sand Bars in the Entrance of Tofutsu Lake Evaluated by Means of MASW
Modelling the potential root water extraction ratio in soil: application to sugar cane on the Island of Reunion

While very little is yet known about the root system depth of sugar cane, the study set out to model the potential root extraction ratio in soil (PRER), by counting root intersections (RI) obtained using the trench? profile method (TPM), to infer the spatial distribution of sugar cane root length densities (RLD) and root distances (RD). The experiment was conducted in a deep clayey cambisol in Reunion. RI values were counted using a grid with a 5 x 5 cm mesh, down to a depth of 4 m over a 1.5 m wide soil profile. The results revealed: i) wide variability in root distribution between the soil surface and root front (4 m), with many competing roots and other rootless zones over distances of more than 5 cm, ii) the PRER, calculated as the ratio of the volume of soil available to a root for water uptake to the volume of soil assigned to that root, ranged from 80% near the surface to values between 30% and 1% between 1 and 3 m, iii) if RLD mean values were used to estimate usable water, as is often the case in crop models, the values were overestimated, with an even greater gap when only depth of the root front was accounted for. It is thought that the PRER approach may be an indicator of crop functioning under water stress and may facilitate the identification of genotypes able to withstand drought, as reported by Nidichao et al., (2011) for oil palm. (Resume d'auteur)
Digging for the Disappeared: Forensic Science after Atrocity

The mass graves from our long human history of genocide, massacres, and violent conflict form an underground map of atrocity that stretches across the planet's surface. In the past few decades, due to rapidly developing technologies and a powerful global human rights movement, the scientific study of those graves has become a standard facet of post-conflict international assistance. Digging for the Disappeared provides readers with a window into this growing but little-understood form of human rights work, including the dangers and sometimes unexpected complications that arise as evidence is gathered and the dead are named.Adam Rosenblatt examines the ethical, political, and historical foundations of the rapidly growing field of forensic investigation, from the graves of the "disappeared" in Latin America to genocides in Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia to post-Saddam Hussein Iraq. In the process, he illustrates how forensic teams strive to balance the needs of war crimes tribunals, transitional governments, and the families of the missing in post-conflict nations. Digging for the Disappeared draws on interviews with key players in the field to present a new way to analyze and value the work forensic experts do at mass graves, shifting the discussion from an exclusive focus on the rights of the living to a rigorous analysis of the care of the dead. Rosenblatt tackles these heady, hard topics in order to extend human rights scholarship into the realm of the dead and the limited but powerful forms of repair available for victims of atrocity.
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment Study for the Eastern Caribbean Region

The aim of this paper is to illustrate the results of a probabilistic seismic hazard study that has been carried out in the Eastern Caribbean Region (9-19°N, 58-65°W). The analysis was implemented using a standard logic tree approach which allowed taking into account systematically the model-based (i.e. epistemic) uncertainty. Hazard computations were performed for a grid with a space resolution of 0.025 degrees, with an average spacing of the nodes of about 2.8 km, using the standard Cornell-McGuire approach based on the definition of appropriate seismogenic zones. A comprehensive earthquake catalogue was updated for the region from a merger of available databases. A thorough investigation was undertaken to identify the most suitable ground motion prediction equations to be used. Uniform hazard spectra were calculated for horizontal component (stiff soil site and level ground condition), 4 return periods (95, 475, 975, 2475 years) and 22 structural periods (from 0 to 3 sec.).
Isotopes in global change science : from isotope analytics to earth system research

he aim of this paper is to emphasize some of the studies of JeanCharles Fontes and his role in Our scientific community. Isotopes represent a powerful tool for the understanding of the Earth's past environment and defining the envelope of natural environmental variability within which we can assess anthropogenic impact on the Earth's biosphere, geosphere and atmosphere. The reconstruction impacts of past climatic change on the Earth's system are a basis to validate models of the possible impacts of future climate change. Oceanic sediments, polar ice caps, continental sedimentary sequences and groundwater are archives of past climate. Their quantitative study is developed within the IGBP (International Geosphere-Biosphere Program) Pages project, which strongly emphasizes an optimum use of isotope tools.
Mtac : A Monad for Typed Tactic Programming in Coq Reference Manual

Effective support for custom proof automation is essential for largescale interactive proof development. However, existing languages for automation via tactics either (a) provide no way to specify the behavior of tactics within the base logic of the accompanying theorem prover, or (b) rely on advanced type-theoretic machinery that is not easily integrated into established theorem provers. We present Mtac, a lightweight but powerful extension to Coq that supports dependently-typed tactic programming. Mtac tactics have access to all the features of ordinary Coq programming, as well as a new set of typed tactical primitives. We avoid the need to touch the trusted kernel typechecker of Coq by encapsulating uses of these new tactical primitives in a monad, and instrumenting Coq so that it executes monadic tactics during type inference.
A Numerical Model of Hydraulic Fracturing Observed During Injection Testing of a Well in Adventdalen, Svalbard

Direct observations of propagating hydraulic fractures are currently not possible. Therefore, models of injection operations are needed for the understanding of the fracturing process. We have developed a simple finite element model of hydraulic fracturing based on Biot’s linear poroelasticity and a criterion for fracture propagation. The model is non-linear due to the feed-back from the fracture propagation on the pressure field. The model is calibrated against pressure observations from a well drilled and tested in the valley Adventdalen at Svalbard. The simulation results capture the qualitative behaviour of the observed well pressure. The simulations assume an average lateral permeability in the interval of measured sandstone permeabilities, but the modelling suggests that only 1/5 of the reservoir layer is permeable. The final linear fracture that develops during the injection test extends nearly 1000m long on each side of the injection well.
Under Consideration for Publication in J. Functional Programming Flexible Dynamic Information Flow Control in the Presence of Exceptions Sequential Lio

We describe a language-based, dynamic information flow control (IFC) system called LIO. Our system presents a new design point for IFC, influenced by the challenge of implementing IFC as a Haskell library, as opposed to the more typical approach of modifying the language runtime system. In particular, we take a coarse-grained, floating-label approach, previously used by IFC Operating Systems, and associate a single, mutable label—the current label—with all the data in a computation's context. This label is always raised to reflect the reading of sensitive information and it is used to restrict the underlying computation's effects. To preserve the flexibility of fine-grained systems, LIO also provides programmers with a means for associating an explicit label with a piece of data. Interestingly, these labeled values can be used to encapsulate the results of sensitive computations which would otherwise lead to the creeping of the current label. Unlike other language-based systems, LIO also bounds the current label with a current clearance, providing a form of discretionary access control that LIO programs can use to deal with covert channels. Moreover, LIO provides programmers with mutable references and exceptions. The latter, exceptions, are used in LIO to encode and recover from monitor failures, all while preserving data confidentiality and integrity—this addresses a longstanding concern that dynamic IFC is inherently prone to information leakage due to monitor failure.
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection increases Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection increases the sensitivity of macrophages and THP-1 cells to cytotoxicity by the sensitivity of macrophages and THP-1 cells to cytotoxicity by cationic liposomes cationic liposomes

: The crucial function of macrophages in a variety of biological processes and pathologies render these cells important targets for gene therapeutic interventions. Commonly used synthetic gene delivery vectors have not been successful in trans-fecting these non-dividing cells. A combination strategy involving cationic liposomes to condense and carry DNA, transferrin to facilitate cellular uptake, and the pH-sensitive peptide GALA to promote endosome destabilization, resulted in significant expression of a luciferase gene. Transfection of macrophages was dependent on the degree of differentiation of the cells. The quaternary complexes of cationic liposomes, DNA, transferrin, and GALA exhibited a net negative charge, which may obviate a limitation of cationic synthetic vectors in vivo . The lack of cytotoxicity and the expected lack of immunogenicity of these complexes may render them useful for gene delivery to macrophages in vivo . J. Leukoc. Biol. 65: 270– 279; 1999.