Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A plethora of new R Coronae Borealis stars discovered from a dedicated spectroscopic follow-up survey

Context. It is more and more suspected that R Coronae Borealis (RCB) stars – rare hydrogen-deficient and carbon-rich supergiant stars – are the products of mergers of CO/He white-dwarf binary systems in the intermediate mass regime (0.6 < MTot < 1.2 M⊙). Following the merger, a short-lived cool supergiant phase starts. RCB stars are extremely rare as only 77 have hitherto been known in the Galaxy, while up to 1000 have been predicted from population synthesis models. Aims. The goal is to significantly increase the number of known RCB stars in order to better understand their evolutionary paths, their spatial distribution, and their formation rate in the context of population synthesis results. A list of 2356 RCB star candidates was selected using infrared colours from the all-sky 2MASS and WISE surveys. The objective is to follow them up spectroscopically to classify the candidates and, thus, to distinguish RCB stars from other dust-producing stars. Methods. A series of brightness and colour-colour cuts that were used as selection criteria were then tested using the sample of known Galactic and Magellanic RCB stars. RCB spectral energy distribution models were also used to understand the effects of each selection criterion in terms of circumstellar shell temperature. Optical, low-resolution spectra were obtained for nearly 500 of the candidate stars. These spectra were compared to synthetic spectra from a new grid of MARCs hydrogen-deficient atmospheric models. This allowed us to define a spectroscopic classification system for RCB stars depending on their effective temperature and photometric status. Results. This programme has found 45 new RCB stars, including 30 Cold (4000 < Teff < 6800 K), 14 Warm (6800 < Teff < 8500 K), and one Hot (Teff > 15 000 K). Forty of these belong to the Milky Way and five are located in the Magellanic Clouds. We also confirmed that the candidate KDM 5651 is indeed a new RCB star, increasing the total number of Magellanic RCB stars to 30. Conclusions. We increased the total number of RCB stars known by ∼50%, bringing it up to 147. In addition, we compiled a list of 14 strong RCB candidates, most certainly observed during a dust obscuration phase. From the detection efficiency and success rate so far, we estimate that there should be no more than 500 RCB stars existing in the Milky Way, all HdC stars included.
Magneto-transport and microstructure of Co2Fe(Ga0.5Ge0.5)/Cu lateral spin valves prepared by top-down microfabrication process

Heusler alloy-based lateral spin valves with ohmic contacts are prepared for the Co2Fe(Ga0.5Ge0.5)/Cu system by means of the top-down microfabrication process. The magneto-transport and microstructure are characterized to investigate the influence of the microfabrication route on the spin dependent transport of lateral spin valves systematically. A large non-local spin signal (△RS) of 17.3 mΩ is observed at room temperature, which is attributed to the highly spin-polarized Co2Fe(Ga0.5Ge0.5) ferromagnet and the clean Co2Fe(Ga0.5Ge0.5)/Cu interfaces confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Based on the general expression of one-dimensional spin diffusion model, we discuss the importance of interfacial spin polarization in Heusler alloy-based lateral spin valves.
Progress of the array of microwave background anisotropy (AMiBA)

The Academia Sinica, Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA) is installing the AMiBA interferometric array telescope at the Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii. The 6-meter carbon fiber fully steerable platform is mounted on the Hexapod Mount. After integration and equipment with dummy weights, the platform has been measured by photogrammetry to verify its behavior predicted by Finite Element Analysis. The Hexapod servo control is now operational and equipment of the platform with the initial 7 60-cm dishes, the correlator and electronics is underway. Pointing has started with the aid of the optical telescope. We present the status of the telescope after the servo and initial pointing tests have been carried out. We also present the results of platform measurements by photogrammetry.
Microwave imaging of two-dimensional objects using an enhancement method

A 2D complete identification algorithm for dielectric and multiple objects immersed in air is presented. The employed technique consists of initially retrieving the shape and position of the scattering object using a linear sampling method and then determining the electric permittivity and conductivity of the scatterer using adjoint sensitivity analysis. This inversion algorithm results in high computational speed and efficiency, and it can be generalized for any scatterer structure. Also, this method is robust with respect to noise. The numerical results clearly show that this hybrid approach provides accurate reconstructions of various objects.
Genetic Variants of ABO and SOX6 are Associated with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis in Chinese Han Population.

STUDY DESIGN A genetic association study. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether variants of ABO, SOX6, and CDH13 are associated with the susceptibility of AIS in Chinese Han population. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA A recent large-scale genome-wide association study reported three novel loci in CDH13, ABO, and SOX6 genes associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in Japanese population. However, the association of these three genes with AIS in other populations remains obscure. METHODS The SNPs rs4513093, rs687621, and rs1455114 were genotyped in 1208 female patients and 2498 healthy controls. Samples for the expression analysis in paraspinal muscles were collected from 49 AIS and 33 congenital scoliosis (CS) patients during surgical interventions. Chi-square analysis was used to assess the difference regarding genotype and allele frequency between cases and controls. Tissue expressions of ABO, CDH13, and SOX6 were compared between AIS and CS patients by the Student t test. RESULTS SNPs rs4513093 of CDH13 and rs687621 of ABO were found to be significantly associated with AIS with an odds ratio of 0.8691 and 1.203, respectively. There was no significant association of rs1455114 with AIS. Moreover, AIS patients were found to have significantly increased expression of ABO. As for expression of CDH13 and SOX6, no remarkable difference was found between the two groups. CONCLUSION The association of CDH13 and ABO variants with AIS was successfully replicated in the Chinese Han population. More studies are warranted to explore the functional role of ABO in the development of AIS. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
Conditions for renormalizability of quantum flavor dynamics

The presence of a new anomaly, in addition to the Adler-Bell-Jackiw (ABJ) anomaly, is shown for gauge theories with . gamma. /sub 5/ couplings. The ABJ anomaly is discussed first by shifting variable of a linearly-divergent integral, then by dimensional regularization. Using the second method, the general nonabelian case is considered, in the presence of an overlapping divergence. A new anomaly is discovered which is not, in general cancelled by the usual restrictions because fermion masses are involved, assuming no cancellation between different Feynman diagrams, and current-algebra quark masses, then leads to the conclusion that the standard model of quantum flavor dynamics (i.e., that of Glashow, Salam, Ward, Weinberg, Kobayashi and Maskawa) is non-renormalizable. Imposition of renormalizability dictates that new dynamical constraints be met. Hence, only that part of the quark mass corresponding to the lepton mass in the same quark-lepton generation is generated by the electroweak interactions. The remaining mass comes presumably from the strong interaction for which the dynamical theory must therefore have at least some flavor dependence; this is not the case for e.g., quantum chromodynamics which is totally flavor-blind. 48 references.
Using fish lateral line sensing to improve seismic acquisition and processing

Bioengineering, which studies the principles and design of biological systems, is a field that has inspired the development of several technologies that are currently in use. In this work, we use concepts from the fish lateral line sensing mechanism and apply them to seismic imaging processing. The lateral line is a sensory system composed of an integrated array of mechanical sensors spanning along the fish body. We compare the array of sensors along body fish with the seismic acquisition, which employs an array of equally spaced identical mechanical sensors to image the Earth’s subsurface. In both situations, the mechanical sensors capture and process mechanical vibrations from the environment to produce useful information. We explore the strategy of using the low-pass and high-pass sensors schema of fish lateral line to improve the seismic technique. We use the full-wave inversion method to compare the conventional acquisition procedure of identical sensors with alternative sets of different sensors, which mimics the fish lateral line. Our results show that the alternate sensors arrangement surpasses the performance of the conventional acquisition method, using just half of the input information. The results point at an image processing technique that is computationally more efficient and economical than the usual seismic processing method.
Spatial Modulation of Nonlinear Flexural Vibrations of Membrane Resonators.

We study the vibrational motion of mechanical resonators under strong drive in the strongly nonlinear regime. By imaging the vibrational state of rectangular silicon nitride membrane resonators and by analyzing the frequency response using optical interferometry, we show that, upon increasing the driving strength, the membrane adopts a peculiar deflection pattern formed by concentric rings superimposed onto the drum head shape of the fundamental mode. Such a circular symmetry cannot be described as a superposition of a small number of excited linear eigenmodes. Furthermore, different parts of the membrane vibrate at different multiples of the drive frequency, an observation that we denominate as "localization of overtones. " We introduce a phenomenological model that is based on the coupling of a small number of effective nonlinear resonators, representing the different parts of the membrane, and that describes the experimental observations correctly.
Thickness mode material constants of a supported piezoelectric film

New thick film ceramic processing techniques and microelectromechanical systems require material characterization of a piezoelectric film supported by a substrate. An analytical solution of the one-dimensional wave equation for multiple layered systems driven in the thickness mode is presented. The impedance across the piezoelectric layer is derived and expressed in terms of the material properties of the two materials. This includes the open-circuit elastic stiffness c33D, the clamped permittivity e33S and the h33 piezoelectric constant of the piezoelectric layer and the elastic stiffness csD of the substrate. The properties are expressed as complex variables in order to account for the losses within the materials. The material parameters of the solution are extracted from experimental results using a modified Levenberg–Marquardt technique. The capabilities of this nondestructive technique are demonstrated using experimental and simulated impedance spectra of lead zirconium titanate sol gel composite coa.
Dynamics of a system of articulated pipes conveying fluid - I.Theory

A general theory is derived to account for the free motions of a chain of articulated pipes through which there is a constant flow of incompressible fluid. It is assumed that the position of the joint at the inlet end of the chain is fixed, and that the pipes are subject to conservative forces, which might include their weights and the stresses in resilient joints between them. The motion is observed to be approximately independent of the effects of fluid friction, even when they are of considerable magnitude, and accordingly the fluid is taken to be frictionless in the theoretical model. The Lagrangian method of analysis is used, and a slightly unusual aspect of the method arises in that the complete physical system has unbounded energy; this approach to the problem incidentally provides a clear physical interpretation of the collective effects of the fluid upon the pipes. Lagrangian equations are established in a form where the main dependent variables are the potential and kinetic energies of the ‘finite part’ of the system, i. e. the pipes and the space enclosed by them; hence an appropriate statement of Hamilton’s principle is deduced. An elementary model for centrifugal pumps and turbines is noted to be a system of the present class though having only a single degree of feedom, and this is briefly considered as an illustration of energy transfer to or from the fluid. Infinitesimal motions about a state of equilibrium in which the pipes are alined are next investigated, and the stability of the equilibrium is discussed. In this connexion there appear some remarkable properties owing essentially to the fact that the hydrodynamical forces on the pipes are conservative when the outlet end of the chain is simply supported, whereas they are in general non-conservative when the end is free. Two different forms of instability are recognized; one is termed ‘buckling’, being similar to the failure of structures under static loading, and the other consists of self-excited oscillations. It is pointed out that a continuously flexible elastic tube comprises an extreme example of the present type of system in which the number of degrees of freedom is infinite, and Hamilton’s principle is shown in this case to imply that a certain partial differential equation is satisfied by the lateral displacement of a tube during bending motions; this derivation of the equation is a fairly delicate matter, and the only previous attempt at it is believed to be seriously in error. In §3 the conditions of stability for a particular system with two degrees of freedom are examined in detail.
Powerful AGN jets and unbalanced cooling in the hot atmosphere of IC 4296

We present new Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA, 1.5 GHz) radio data for the giant elliptical galaxy IC 4296, supported by archival radio, X-ray (Chandra, and XMM–Newton) and optical (SOAR, and HST) observations. The galaxy hosts powerful radio jets piercing through the inner hot X-ray emitting atmosphere, depositing most of the energy into the ambient intracluster medium (ICM). Whereas the radio surface brightness of the A configuration image is consistent with a Fanaroff–Riley Class I system, the D configuration image shows two bright, relative to the central region, large (${\sim } 160\, \rm {kpc}$ diameter), well-defined lobes, previously reported by Killeen et al., at a projected distance $r\gtrsim 230\, \rm {kpc}$. The XMM–Newton image reveals an X-ray cavity associated with one of the radio lobes. The total enthalpy of the radio lobes is ${\sim }7\times 10^{59}\, \rm {erg}$ and the mechanical power output of the jets is ${\sim } 10^{44}\, \rm {erg\, s}^{-1}$. The jets are mildly curved and possibly rebrightened by the relative motion of the galaxy and the ICM. The lobes display sharp edges, suggesting the presence of bow shocks, which would indicate that they are expanding supersonically. The central entropy and cooling time of the X-ray gas are unusually low and the nucleus hosts a warm Hα + [$\rm{N\,{\small II}}$] nebula and a cold molecular CO disc. Because most of the energy of the jets is deposited far from the nucleus, the atmosphere of the galaxy continues to cool, apparently feeding the central supermassive black hole and powering the jet activity.
STT MRAM patterning challenges

In this paper we report on the patterning challenges for the integration of Spin-Transfer Torque Magneto-Resistive- Random-Access Memory (STT MRAM). An overview of the different patterning approaches that have been evaluated in the past decade is presented. Plasma based etching, wet echting, but also none subtractive pattering approaches are covered. The paper also reports on the patterning strategies, currently under investigation at imec.
A PROPOSED STAGGERED-GRID SYSTEM FOR NUMERICAL INTEGRATION OF DYNAMIC EQUATIONS

Abstract A system is proposed for grid allocation and differencing of apparently general applicability to purely marching-type systems of equations of fluid dynamics. The method is based on casting of the equations into the conservation form, which then permits use of a staggered space-time grid system with interpolations required only in certain linear terms. The method is illustrated by application to two systems of equations, on one of which numerical experiments have been successfully performed. Advantages and drawbacks of the method are described in comparison to other currently used grid systems, and the possibility and desirability of parametric simulation of turbulent eddy exchange processes are discussed.
High temperature L- and H-mode confinement in JET

The energy confinement properties of low density, high ion temperature L- and H-mode plasmas are investigated. For L-mode plasmas it is shown that, although the global confinement is independent of density, the energy confinement in the central region is significantly better at low densities than at higher densities. The improved confinement appears to be associated with the steepness of the density gradient. For the H-mode phase, although the confinement at the edge is dramatically improved, which is once again associated with the steep density gradient in the edge region, the central confinement properties are essentially the same as for the standard L-mode. The results are compared in a qualitative manner with the predictions of the ion temperature gradient instability theory and appear to be in disagreement with some aspects of this theory.
Some Experiments with Stability Analysis of Discrete Incompressible Flows in the Lid-Driven Cavity

We present results of a stability analysis of the lid-driven cavity flow based on classical C 0 finite element discretizations of the Navier-Stokes system. Using arc length continuation and subspace iteration to compute the eigenvalues of the tangent operator, we study the dependence of the bifurcation diagram and of the spectrum on the chosen discretization.
Sample Quantiles in Statistical Packages

Abstract There are a large number of different definitions used for sample quantiles in statistical computer packages. Often within the same package one definition will be used to compute a quantile explicitly, while other definitions may be used when producing a boxplot, a probability plot, or a QQ plot. We compare the most commonly implemented sample quantile definitions by writing them in a common notation and investigating their motivation and some of their properties. We argue that there is a need to adopt a standard definition for sample quantiles so that the same answers are produced by different packages and within each package. We conclude by recommending that the median-unbiased estimator be used because it has most of the desirable properties of a quantile estimator and can be defined independently of the underlying distribution.
Study of various estimates of the macroscopic tangent operator in the incremental homogenization of elastoplastic composites

This paper contains a theoretical and numerical investigation of the incremental formulation for the mean-field homogenization of two-phase elastoplastic composites. We study several variants of the formulation and try to understand why some of them give good predictions while others do not. We define six instantaneous operators for a fictitious homogeneous reference matrix (two anisotropic, two isotropic, and two transversely isotropic) and various estimates of the macroscopic tangent operator. Theoretically, we present mathematical results that prove that some estimates are stiffer or softer than others. Numerically, we carry out a wide range of validated simulations with different types of inclusions under various loads. The findings confirm the theoretical results and shed new light on a rather complicated problem.
A. R.2 type measure of dependence for proportional hazards models

A measure of dependence for survival data was presented by Kent and O'Quigley (1988). The purpose of this present work is to show that an alternative, although less immediate specification of the problem, leads to great simplification and generality. This alternative specification is in fact more natural in the context of the semi-parametric proportional hazards regression. One consequence of this is that the alternative specification can imme diately accommodate time dependent covariates, a natural feature of the proportional hazards model and one that the Kent and O'Quigley specification was unable to deal with. This measure is invariant to monotonically increasing transformations on the time scale, such invariance being considered fundamental in the case of the regression coefficient β. Computational aspects involve only those quantities routinely calculated in a proportional hazards analysis. In practice our impressions are that the two measures will generally be close. A disadvantage of the alternati.
Comparative band alignment of plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposited high-k dielectrics on gallium nitride

Al2O3 films, HfO2 films, and HfO2/Al2O3 stacked structures were deposited on n-type, Ga-face, GaN wafers using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD). The wafers were first treated with a wet-chemical clean to remove organics and an in-situ combined H2/N2 plasma at 650 °C to remove residual carbon contamination, resulting in a clean, oxygen-terminated surface. This cleaning process produced slightly upward band bending of 0.1 eV. Additional 650 °C annealing after plasma cleaning increased the upward band bending by 0.2 eV. After the initial clean, high-k oxide films were deposited using oxygen PEALD at 140 °C. The valence band and conduction band offsets (VBOs and CBOs) of the Al2O3/GaN and HfO2/GaN structures were deduced from in-situ x-ray and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (XPS and UPS). The valence band offsets were determined to be 1.8 and 1.4 eV, while the deduced conduction band offsets were 1.3 and 1.0 eV, respectively. These values are compared with the theoretical calculations b.
A polynomial‐time approximation scheme for single‐machine sequencing with delivery times and sequence‐independent batch set‐up times

We investigate the single-machine sequencing problem in which each job has a processing time and a delivery time. The jobs are divided into families and a set-up time is incurred whenever there is a switch from a job in one family to a job in another family. This set-up only depends on the family of the job next to come and hence is sequence independent. The objective to to find a sequence of jobs that minimizes the time by which all jobs are delivered. The best polynomial-time approximation algorithm that was previously known for this problem is due to Zdrzalka and has a worst-case guarantee of 3 2. In this paper, we demonstrate the existence of a polynomial time approximation scheme for the problem. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strict Localization in Quantum Field Theory

A definition of strict localization of states in quantum field theory is presented. This definition is based on considering products of field operators as the primary measurable quantities of the theory. An example of a localized state is given, showing that such a state arises when a free field interacts with an external current that is limited to a bounded region of space‐time. It is shown by means of a graphical technique that a state having a finite number of particles cannot satisfy the definition of localization. A simple representation of localized states is investigated, and arguments are given to support its generality and uniqueness.