Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A School-Based Study with Rome III Criteria on the Prevalence of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Chinese College and University Students

Background Functional gastrointestinal disorders, including functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome and functional constipation are very common worldwide. Objective This research aims to estimate the prevalence and associated factors involved in functional gastrointestinal disorders in Chinese college and university students using the Rome III criteria. Methods A total of 5000 students from Shandong University in China were asked in January-May 2012 to complete questionnaires, including the Rome III questionnaire, hospital anxiety and depression scale, and negative life events scale. Results Based on the 4638 students who completed the questionnaire, the prevalence of functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome and functional constipation in college and university students of North China worked out to be 9.25%, 8.34% and 5.45% respectively. They were more frequent in female students. The factors of anxiety (OR 1.07; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.16, P = 0.002<0.05) and depression (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.15 to 1.05, P = 0.045<0.05) indicated a high risk of causing irritable bowel syndrome. Conclusion Functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome and functional constipation were common in college and university students of North China. Psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression provide significant risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome patients.
Closing the gaps on the viral photosystem‐I  psaDCAB gene organization

Summary Marine photosynthesis is largely driven by cyanobacteria, namely Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus. Genes encoding for photosystem (PS) I and II reaction centre proteins are found in cyanophages and are believed to increase their fitness. Two viral PSI gene arrangements are known, psaJF→C→A→B→K→E→D and psaD→C→A→B. The shared genes between these gene cassettes and their encoded proteins are distinguished by %G + C and protein sequence respectively. The data on the psaD→C→A→B gene organization were reported from only two partial gene cassettes coming from Global Ocean Sampling stations in the Pacific and Indian oceans. Now we have extended our search to 370 marine stations from six metagenomic projects. Genes corresponding to both PSI gene arrangements were detected in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans, confined to a strip along the equator (30°N and 30°S). In addition, we found that the predicted structure of the viral PsaA protein from the psaD→C→A→B organization contains a lumenal loop conserved in PsaA proteins from Synechococcus, but is completely absent in viral PsaA proteins from the psaJF→C→A→B→K→E→D gene organization and most Prochlorococcus strains. This may indicate a co‐evolutionary scenario where cyanophages containing either of these gene organizations infect cyanobacterial ecotypes biogeographically restricted to the 30°N and 30°S equatorial strip.
Dispersion constraints in optical burst switched metropolitan networks with WDM/OCDM technology

In this work we study the influence of Chromatic Dispersion (CD) and Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) in the performance of Optical Burst Switched (OBS) Metropolitan networks using the hybrid WDM/OCDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing/Optical Code Division Multiplexing) technology with Optical Orthogonal Codes (OOC). The analysis is carried on the context of a metropolitan network, since its resources are limited and the WDM/OCDM technology is becoming an interesting way to improve the utilization of wavelengths. However, the pulse broadening is also increased when using WDM/OCDM technology, since the chip rates are higher than the bit user rates due to the process of code construction, and the dispersion mechanisms must be taken into account even when modeling metropolitan optical networks, in which the route distances are much smaller than that in a core optical network.
A SYSTEM FOR MULTIMODAL DIALOGUE AND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

Human-computer interaction can be enhanced by employing multiple modalities in the dimensions of sound, sight, and touch. The integration of speech with gestures, can make the human-computer dialogue more natural and efficient. However, even for limited domain applications, computer dialogue systems impose a constraint upon the language rules and vocabulary that users can employ. This is because of the difficulty of accounting for all the surface linguistic forms that end-users might utilize. In this paper we present a system for multimodal dialogue capable of acquiring new vocabulary items, at run-time, from end-users. The system contains a multimodal interface based on speech, typing, pointing, drawing, mouse clicking and image capturing. Information from different input modalities is combined to interpret user’s intent and solve ambiguities from incomplete, anaphoric, or elliptical utterances such as, ‘Move this to there’ and ‘Now here’. The system can acquire, through a set of learning rules, new vocabulary items and the related semantics. The grammar can thus be adapted and personalized by the end-users according to their needs and preferences.
An interdisciplinary survey and introduction

Preface. List of Contributors. The International Award for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Research A. Lundstrom. Part I: Introduction to Entrepreneurship. 1. Editors' Introduction Z.J. Acs, D.B. Audretsch. 2. Entrepreneurship: The Past, the Present, the Future A. Cooper. Part II: The Entrepreneurial Process. 3. Risk and Uncertainty S. Gifford. 4. Innovation and Technological Change Z.J. Acs, D.B. Audretsch. 5. Market Processes and Entrepreneurial Studies R. Koppl, M. Minniti. Part III: Opportunity and the Nature of Exploitation. 6. The Cognitive Psychology of Entrepreneurship N.F. Krueger Jr. 7. Three Views of Entrepreneurial Opportunity S.D. Sarasvathy, N. Dew, S. Ramakrishna Velamuri, S. Venkataraman. 8. The Individual-Opportunity Nexus S. Shane, J. Eckhardt. Part IV: The Emergence of New Ventures. 9. Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Firm Organizing Processes W.B. Gartner, N.M. Carter. 10. Entrepreneurship, Business Culture and the Theory of the Firm M. Casson. 11. Resources and Hierarchies: Intersections between Entrepreneurship and Business Strategy S.A. Alvarez. Part V: Financing the New Venture. 12. Equity Financing P. Gompers, J. Lerner. 13. Small Business and Debt Finance A.N. Berger, G.F. Udell. Part VI: The Social Context. 14. The Social Psychology of Entrepreneurial Behaviour K.G. Shaver. 15. Entrepreneurship as Social Construction: A Multi-level Evolutionary Approach H.E. Aldrich, M. Martinez. 16. Entrepreneurship, Networks and Geographies P.H. Thornton, K.H. Flynn. Part VII: Entrepreneurship, Economic Growth and Policy. 17. The Impact of Entrepreneurship on Economic Growth M.A. Carree, A.R. Thurik. 18. Entrepreneurship, Small and Medium Sized Enterprises and Public Policies D.J. Storey. Part VIII: Epilogue. 19. Connecting the Study of Entrepreneurship and Theories of Capitalist Progress. An Epilogue R. Gunther McGrath. Index.
Compliance in sleep apnoea therapy: influence of home care support and pressure mode

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is an effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrom (OSAS) but therapy adherence is often low. The hypothesis that CPAP-adherence and clinical outcomes can be improved by either using an autoadjusting-CPAP (APAP) device or an intensive support was tested. A controlled parallel group study was performed with 100 newly diagnosed OSAS patients, randomised into 4 groups (n = 25 each): standard or intensive support plus either APAP or CPAP. Intensive support included education and monthly home visits for 6 months. Clinical outcome was monitored by polysomnography at CPAP initiation and, after 3 and 9 months, compliance data were downloaded from the CPAP devices. After 9 months, intensively supported patients returned for follow-up in 88 versus 68% in the standard-support-group. Daily usage (mean±sem 5.7±0.2 for intensive support versus 4.6±0.4 h for standard support), percentage of days used (80.4±2.8 versus 57.0±5.9%) and proportion of individual sleep time (80.6±3.2 versus 64.9±6.2%) were also higher. There was no significant difference between APAP or CPAP, (daily usage 5.2±0.4 versus 5.1±0.3 h, percentage of days 67.9±5.0 versus 69.2±4.9%, proportion of sleep time 72.5±5.0% versus 72.1±5.2%, for APAP and CPAP) but retention rate was higher with CPAP. In summary, intensive support after continuous positive airway pressure initiation, rather than the application of autoadjusting-continuous positive airway pressure, increased therapy adherence.
Efficient view synthesis for multi-view video plus depth

Depth-image based rendering is a popular technique for rendering virtual views for the multi-view video plus depth (MVD) 3DTV format. Instead of transmitting a high number of views to the receiver, only a few views are transmitted along with their corresponding depth maps and the missing views are interpolated from these transmitted views. This process is called view synthesis and has been the focus of a lot of research in recent times. In addition to the obvious quality constraints of view synthesis, focus needs to be laid on the efficiency and speed of the view synthesis process. In this paper, we propose a simple, highly efficient view synthesis process that utilizes a separable look-up table based technique to speed up the 3D warping process. We also develop a reliability-based weighting scheme for blending the candidate views into the final synthesized view. Simulation results show that the proposed method is approximately 6 times faster than VSRS 3.5 and has comparable objective quality. The proposed method is inherently parallel thus making it suitable to act as a framework for implementing high-speed view synthesis on a GP-GPU.
Monetary Policy Reaction Functions in the OECD

Monetary policy reaction functions can provide insights into the factors influencing monetary policy decisions. Empirical estimates suggest that differences exist across countries as to whether monetary policy reacts solely to expected inflation or also takes into account expected output developments. A range of other factors, such as monetary policy in large economies, can also influence monetary policy reactions in smaller ones. On the other hand, monetary policy has reacted less to contemporaneous measures of the output gap, while asset price developments do not generally appear to have influenced monetary policy decisions.
Le contrôle a posteriori des concentrations peut-il augmenter l'efficacité des politiques de concurrence ?

A recent French merger case involving two large water companies seems to toll the death of ex-post merger control. This paper aims at highlighting the interest of that type of control by showing its crucial role for competition authorities as a complement of the current notification system. Stressing the limits of an exclusively ex-ante control, we show that the possibility to act ex-post on market structures would lead to more virtuous behaviors in the ex-ante control by reducing adverse selection effects. The ex-post merger control would also permit new means of action on agents’ behaviors after the merger. Despite those positive effects, the implementation of an ex-post merger control should be attentively carried out in particular because some legal security problems could emerge. However, those issues might be offset by increasing the competence of the French competition authority in merger cases.
Nutritional studies of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.)Penz. and Sacc. the incitant of mango anthracnose.

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. ) Penz. and Sacc. is one of the most important diseases of mango. The nutritional studies were taken up to know the best source of carbon and nitrogen required for the growth and sporulation of the fungus. The study indicated that out of six different carbon sources tried, mannitol was found to be the best source of carbon for the growth followed by fructose and sucrose. Heavy sporulation was observed where maltose was used as carbon source followed by moderate sporulation in fructose and lactose. Among the different nitrogen sources tested, ammonium nitrate supported good growth and sporulation. Potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate also showed good growth but with moderate sporulation.
The zero set of semi-invariants for extended Dynkin quivers

We show that the set of common zeros Z Q,d of all semi-invariants vanishing at 0 on the variety rep(Q, d) of all representations with dimension vector d of an extended Dynkin quiver Q under the group GL(d) is a complete intersection if d is "big enough". In case rep(Q, d) does not contain an open GL(d)-orbit, which is the case not considered so far, the number of irreducible components of Z Q,d grows with d, except if Q is an oriented cycle.
Applying disturbance observer to the motor side of flexible joint robots with PD control

This paper demonstrates DOB-based PD+gravity compensation control for flexible joint robots (FJRs). By virtue of the DOB, the controller can recover global asymptotic stability under the friction. One important difference from the typical DOB implementation is that the nominal signal feedback is required, instead of the real (measured) signal feedback.
Mechanisms of suppression in the transfer of contact sensitivity. Analysis of an I-J+ molecule required for Ly2 suppressor cell activity

The passive transfer of contact sensitivity (CS) by immune cells can be inhibited with an antigen-specific T suppressor factor. This factor is composed of two subfactors: an antigen-specific subfactor made by an Ly1+ cell (PC1-F) and a antigen nonspecific subfactor made by an Ly2+ T cell (TNBSA-F). The suppressive activity of the complete factor can be eliminated by depleting the assay population of Ly2+ cells, even though it is the Ly1+ cell in the population that transfers the adoptive immunity. This suggests that the Ly2+ cell in the assay population is needed to transduce the suppressive signal to the Ly1+ effector cell of DTH. We found that an Ly2+ cell from immune animals could be induced to produce a cell free subfactor that overcame the requirement for this Ttrans cell in the suppression of CS by TsF. The induction required only PC1-F, TNP-coupled spleen cells, and resulted in the production of an antigen-nonspecific I-J+ subfactor by immune Ly2+, I-J+ cells. The need for the Ly2+ transducer cell could also be overcome by addition of an I-J+ molecule secreted by Ly1 T cells hyperimmunized to SRBC. A suppressor complex made from mixing the I-J+ molecule with TNBSA-F could directly suppress the functional activity of immune T cells not only to transfer CS, but also to deliver help to B cells in an in vitro PFC response. This suppressive complex is antigen-nonspecific and does not require Ly2+ T cells in the assay population for suppressive activity. These results indicate that effector factors of the suppressor circuit require two molecules; one that contains the functional suppressor material and one that serves as a "schlepper," a molecule needed to deliver the suppression to the appropriate target cell. The ability to construct a functional suppressor complex from two subfactors raised against different antigens, using different immunization procedures, which were isolated from factors exhibiting different functional activities suggests that certain cells of the immune system may play a universal role in "transducing" the suppressive signal.
Character matters : perceptions of teachers and administrators

In a time when school violence and insensitivity to others have become everyday realities, many educators are seeking an all-encompassing solution. Simultaneously, interest is growing in efforts to instil values in youth, to help families by reinforcing a sense of right and wrong, and to show students the kind of people we hope they will become. Teachers and administrators today are challenged to educate children morally as well as academically. Character education programs can provide our youth with the information and skills they need to mature into ethical and virtuous people. One School's response to this current issue was to implement the Community of Caring program. To gain a better understanding of the implementation of the Community of Caring program and its effects on a school community, this study explores the perceptions of teachers and administrators in a large urban school. This case study focuses on one particular school that implemented the Community of Caring program in September 2003. Results show that teachers and administrators through their involvement in and support of the program were able to impact school climate and student character development. Analysis of preand post-survey data determined that the implementation of the program had made a positive effect on the critical elements of school culture and the strong support of administrators and teachers is crucial to the success of the program.
Long-term risk management

Abstract. In this paper financial risks for long time horizons are investigated. As measures for these risks, value-at-risk and expected shortfall are considered. In a first part, questions concerning a two-week horizon are addressed. For GARCH-type processes and stochastic volatility models with jumps, methods to estimate quantiles of financial risks for two-week periods are introduced, and compared with the widely used square-root-of-time rule, which scales one-day risk measures by √ 10 to get ten-day risk measures. In the second part of the paper, a framework for the measurement of one-year risks is developed. Several models for financial time series are introduced, and compared with each other. The various models are tested for their appropriateness for estimating one-year expected shortfall and value-at-risk on 95% and 99% confidence levels.
Trends in Peer Learning

Developments in forms of peer learning 1981–2006 are reviewed, focusing mainly on peer tutoring, cooperative learning, and peer assessment. Types and definitions of peer learning are explored, together with questions of implementation integrity and consequent effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness. Benefits to helpers are now emphasised at least as much as benefits to those helped. In this previously under‐theorised area, an integrated theoretical model of peer learning is now available. Peer learning has been extended in types and forms, in curriculum areas and in contexts of application beyond school. Engagement in helping now often encompasses all community members, including those with special needs. Social and emotional gains now attract as much interest as cognitive gains. Information technology is now often a major component in peer learning, operating in a variety of ways. Embedding and sustainability has improved, but further improvement is needed.
Development and Implementation of a Discourse Model for Newspaper Texts

In this paper, we will focus on the development, implementation, and evolution of a discourse model which is used to computationally instantiate a discourse structure in individual texts. This discourse model was developed for use in a Text Structuring module that recognizes discourse-level structure within a large-scale information retrieval system, DR-LINK (Liddy Myaeng, 1993). The Text Structurer produces an enriched representation of each document by computationally decomposing it into smaller, conceptually labelled components. This delineation of the discourse-level organization of each document’s contents facilitates retrieval of those documents which convey the appropriate discourse semantics that are responsive to the user’s query. The recognition of the existence of text-type models derives from research in discourse linguistics which has shown that writers who repeatedly produce texts of a particular type are influenced by the schema of that texttype and, when writing, consider not only the specific content they wish to convey but also what the usual structure is for that type of text based on the purpose it is intended to serve (Jones, 1983). As a result, texts of particular type evidence the schema that exists in the minds of those who produce the texts. These schema can be delineated, and as such provide models of their respective text-types which are of use in automatically structuring texts. A text schema explicates a discernible, predictable structure, the global schematic structure that is filled with different meaning in each particular example of that text-type (van Dijk, 1980). Among the text-types for which schemas or models have been developed are: folk-tales (Propp, 1958), newspaper articles (van Dijk, 1980), arguments (Cohen, 1987), historical journal articles (Tibbo, 1989), editorials (Alvarado, 1990), empirical abstracts (Liddy, 1991), theoretical abstracts (Francis & Liddy, 1991).
Human Malaria in Immunocompromised Mice

We have recently described that sustained Plasmodium falciparum growth could be obtained in immunodeficient mice. We now report the potential of this new mouse model by assaying the effect of the passive transfer of antibodies (Abs) which in humans have had a well-established effect. Our results show that the total African adult hyperimmune immunoglobulin Gs (HI-IgGs) strongly reduce P. falciparum parasitemia similarly to that reported in humans, but only when mice are concomitantly reconstituted with human monocytes (HuMNs). In contrast, neither HI-IgGs nor HuMNs alone had any direct effect upon parasitemia. We assessed the in vivo effect of epitope-specific human Abs affinity-purified on peptides derived either from the ring erythrocyte surface antigen (RESA) or the merozoite surface protein 3 (MSP3). The inoculation of low concentrations of anti-synthetic peptide from MSP3, but not of anti-RESA Abs, consistently suppressed P. falciparum in the presence of HuMNs. Parasitemia decrease was stronger and faster than that observed using HI-IgGs and as fast as that induced by chloroquine. Our observations demonstrate that this mouse model is of great value to evaluate the protective effect of different Abs with distinct specificity in the same animal, a step hardly accessible and therefore never performed before in humans.
Integrated Analyses of Copy Number Variations and Gene Expression in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Numerous efforts have been made to elucidate the etiology and improve the treatment of lung cancer, but the overall five-year survival rate is still only 15%. Identification of prognostic biomarkers for lung cancer using gene expression microarrays poses a major challenge in that very few overlapping genes have been reported among different studies. To address this issue, we have performed concurrent genome-wide analyses of copy number variation and gene expression to identify genes reproducibly associated with tumorigenesis and survival in non-smoking female lung adenocarcinoma. The genomic landscape of frequent copy number variable regions (CNVRs) in at least 30% of samples was revealed, and their aberration patterns were highly similar to several studies reported previously. Further statistical analysis for genes located in the CNVRs identified 475 genes differentially expressed between tumor and normal tissues (p<10−5). We demonstrated the reproducibility of these genes in another lung cancer study (p = 0.0034, Fisher's exact test), and showed the concordance between copy number variations and gene expression changes by elevated Pearson correlation coefficients. Pathway analysis revealed two major dysregulated functions in lung tumorigenesis: survival regulation via AKT signaling and cytoskeleton reorganization. Further validation of these enriched pathways using three independent cohorts demonstrated effective prediction of survival. In conclusion, by integrating gene expression profiles and copy number variations, we identified genes/pathways that may serve as prognostic biomarkers for lung tumorigenesis.