Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examen critique Augmentation of olanzapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia

409 Objective: Up to 40% of patients with schizophrenic psychoses have symptoms that are resistant to monotherapy with antipsychotic drugs. In consequence, combinations of drugs are often used, especially based on the antipsychotic agents clozapine and olanzapine because of their broad receptor-interaction profile. The aim of this review was to provide a critical overview of the published results of olanzapine augmentation. Methods: A systematic database search was performed of MEDLINE and BIOSIS (Ovid), looking for publications on augmented therapeutic approaches involving olanzapine. The search terms used were “augmentation,” “combination,” “schizophrenia,” ”olanzapine,” and the names of other antipsychotic drugs and non-antipsychotic agents, including brand names, spanning publications from 1966 until the end of December 2004. Results: Of 14 reports dealing with 8 different antipsychotic augmentation strategies (83 patients), only 1 trial, of sulpiride–olanzapine therapy, was performed in a randomized manner. Based on clinical observation, a significant number of the treatments led to favourable results. In contrast to adjuvant therapy with antipsychotic drugs, augmentation of olanzapine with glycine, antidepressants or mood stabilizers was evaluated in well-designed clinical trials (8 publications, 989 patients), with distinct improvements of positive and/or negative symptoms reported. Conclusions: The combination of olanzapine with antidopaminergic atypical antipsychotic agents seems to follow a neurobiological rationale. The augmentation trials with non-antipsychotic agents, for example, mood stabilizers, were successful and showed that randomized and placebo-controlled trials are feasible. Therefore, systematic evaluations of antipsychotic agents as adjuvant therapy are possible as well as necessary to determine the benefits and risks of any new treatment strategy.
Vimentin Is a Novel Anti-Cancer Therapeutic Target; Insights from In Vitro and In Vivo Mice Xenograft Studies

Background Vimentin is a ubiquitous mesenchymal intermediate filament supporting mechano-structural integrity of quiescent cells while participating in adhesion, migration, survival, and cell signaling processes via dynamic assembly/disassembly in activated cells. Soft tissue sarcomas and some epithelial cancers exhibiting “epithelial to mesenchymal transition” phenotypes express vimentin. Withaferin-A, a naturally derived bioactive compound, may molecularly target vimentin, so we sought to evaluate its effects on tumor growth in vitro and in vivo thereby elucidating the role of vimentin in drug-induced responses. Methods and Findings Withaferin-A elicited marked apoptosis and vimentin cleavage in vimentin-expressing tumor cells but significantly less in normal mesenchymal cells. This proapoptotic response was abrogated after vimentin knockdown or by blockade of caspase-induced vimentin degradation via caspase inhibitors or overexpression of mutated caspase-resistant vimentin. Pronounced anti-angiogenic effects of Withaferin-A were demonstrated, with only minimal effects seen in non-proliferating endothelial cells. Moreover, Withaferin-A significantly blocked soft tissue sarcoma growth, local recurrence, and metastasis in a panel of soft tissue sarcoma xenograft experiments. Apoptosis, decreased angiogenesis, and vimentin degradation were all seen in Withaferin-A treated specimens. Conclusions In light of these findings, evaluation of Withaferin-A, its analogs, or other anti-vimentin therapeutic approaches in soft tissue sarcoma and “epithelial to mesenchymal transition” clinical contexts is warranted.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: meta-analysis of efficacy and acceptability.

OBJECTIVE--To examine the evidence for using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors instead of tricyclic antidepressants in the first line treatment of depression. DESIGN--Meta-analysis of 63 randomised controlled trials comparing the efficacy and acceptability of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors with those of tricyclic and related antidepressants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Improvement in mean scores on Hamilton depression rating scale for 53 randomised controlled trials. Pooled drop out rates from the 58 trials which reported drop out by treatment group. RESULTS--Among the 20 studies reporting standard deviation for the Hamilton score no difference was found in efficacy between serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic and related antidepressants (standardised mean difference 0.004, 95% confidence interval -0.096 to 0.105). The difference remained insignificant when the remaining 33 studies that used the 17 item and 21 item Hamilton score were included by ascribing weighted standard deviations. The odds ratio for drop out rate in patients receiving serotonin reuptake inhibitors compared with those receiving tricyclic antidepressants was 0.95 (0.86 to 1.07). Similar proportions in both groups cited lack of efficacy as the reason for dropping out but slightly more patients in the tricyclic group cited side effects (18.8% v 15.4% in serotonin reuptake group). CONCLUSIONS--Routine use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors as the first line treatment of depressive illness may greatly increase cost with only questionable benefit.
Force per active area and muscle injury during electrically stimulated contractions.

UNLABELLED Multiple mechanical factors have been implicated in the initiation of exercise-induced muscle injury. Although high absolute force levels are associated with greater injury, the importance of high force per active area independent of absolute force remains to be determined, especially in humans. PURPOSE This study sought to examine the role of specific force in muscle injury when peak eccentric force and total eccentric force were matched between two exercise bouts. METHODS Ten subjects (six men, four women) performed 80 electrically stimulated (EMS) eccentric contractions of the right and left quadriceps femoris (QF) through a 90 degree arc at approximately 45 degrees x s(-1). Specific force was manipulated by applying 25-Hz EMS to one thigh and 100-Hz EMS to the contralateral thigh, whereas force production was matched by lowering the EMS amplitude during the 100-Hz bout. T2 magnetic resonance images of the QF were collected before and 3 d after the eccentric exercise bouts. Injury was assessed via changes in isometric force and ratings of soreness in the QF over the course of 28 d after exercise and by determining changes in T2 relaxation time and muscle volume 3 d after exercise. RESULTS The 100-Hz EMS induced a greater force loss (P < 0. 05), soreness (P < 0.05), change in muscle volume (P = 0.03), and volume of muscle demonstrating an increase in T2 (P = 0.005) compared with 25-Hz EMS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that in humans, high specific force potentially plays an important role in the initiation of exercise-induced muscle injury.
Congruence Between Roles and Actions of Secondary Special Educators in Co-Taught and Special Education Settings

We examined co-teaching in secondary classrooms by interviewing and observing special education teachers in co-taught and special education classrooms. Using qualitative methods and a grounded theory (constant—comparative) method of data analysis, we identified salient, recurrent patterns that suggested a description of co-teaching definitions, roles, and instructional actions and then compared this description to roles and actions in special education classrooms. We found that special educators take on various roles when co-teaching that are different from the roles that they reportedly assume when they are teaching in special education classrooms; the differences between these roles are influenced by personal definitions of co-teaching and perceived pressures from the classroom, administration, and professional community. During co-taught classes, special educators may simply provide support for students in the general education classroom, teach the same content in a separate classroom, teach a separate part of the content in the same classroom, or teach as a team with the general educator. In co-teaching situations, teachers engaged in actions that helped students get through assignments and instruction given to the entire class. In special education classrooms, however, special educators engaged in different strategic and explicit forms of these actions.
QseC Mediates Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Virulence In Vitro and In Vivo

ABSTRACT The autoinducer-3 (AI-3)/epinephrine (Epi)/norepinephrine (NE) interkingdom signaling system mediates chemical communication between bacteria and their mammalian hosts. The three signals are sensed by the QseC histidine kinase (HK) sensor. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a pathogen that uses HKs to sense its environment and regulate virulence. Salmonella serovar Typhimurium invades epithelial cells and survives within macrophages. Invasion of epithelial cells is mediated by the type III secretion system (T3SS) encoded in Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1), while macrophage survival and systemic disease are mediated by the T3SS encoded in SPI-2. Here we show that QseC plays an important role in Salmonella serovar Typhimurium pathogenicity. A qseC mutant was impaired in flagellar motility, in invasion of epithelial cells, and in survival within macrophages and was attenuated for systemic infection in 129x1/SvJ mice. QseC acts globally, regulating expression of genes within SPI-1 and SPI-2 in vitro and in vivo (during infection of mice). Additionally, dopamine β-hydroxylase knockout (Dbh−/−) mice that do not produce Epi or NE showed different susceptibility to Salmonella serovar Typhimurium infection than wild-type mice. These data suggest that the AI-3/Epi/NE signaling system is a key factor during Salmonella serovar Typhimurium pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Elucidation of the role of this interkingdom signaling system in Salmonella serovar Typhimurium should contribute to a better understanding of the complex interplay between the pathogen and the host during infection.
The “Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology” Journal Club Series: Highlights on Recent Papers in Movement Analysis

We are pleased to introduce the fourth Journal Club. This edition is focused on several relevant studies published in the last years in the field of movement analysis, chosen by our Editorial Board members. We hope to stimulate your curiosity in this field and to share with you the passion for the sport seen also from the scientific point of view.
Using flow cytometry for counting natural planktonic bacteria and understanding the structure of planktonic bacterial communities

Flow cytometry is rapidly becoming a routine methodology in aquatic microbial ecology. The combination of simple to use bench-top flow cytometers and highly fluorescent nucleic acid stains allows fast and easy determination of microbe abundance in the plankton of lakes and oceans. The different dyes and protocols used to stain and count planktonic bacteria as well as the equipment in use are reviewed, with special attention to some of the problems encountered in daily routine practice such as fixation, staining and absolute counting. One of the main advantages of flow cytometry over epifluorescence microscopy is the ability to obtain cell-specific measurements in large numbers of cells with limited effort. We discuss how this characteristic has been used for differentiating photosynthetic from non-photosynthetic prokaryotes, for measuring bacterial cell size and nucleic acid content, and for estimating the relative activity and physiological state of each cell. We also describe how some of the flow cytometrically obtained data can be used to characterize the role of microbes on carbon cycling in the aquatic environment and we prospect the likely avenues of progress in the study of planktonic prokaryotes through the use of flow cytometry.
Articulatory and acoustic effects of lip-plate speech in Chai and its implications for phonological theory

The custom of lip-plate insertion, as practiced by the Chai people, has an effect on the speech of women since it alters articulators needed for speech production: the lower lip and the lower incisors. Due to the effect of this practice, women cannot produce bilabial and dental consonants in their own language. Vowels are also affected, but the presence of the lip-plate does not affect the tonal system. This study further examines ways in which the lower lip and lower incisor mutilations are compensated for, and the acoustic effects involved in the ‘lip-plate speech’ as well as its implications for phonological theory.
Improved TDOA disambiguation techniques for sound source localization in reverberant environments

Given a single sound source in a non reverberant environment, an estimate of the Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA) between microphones can be obtained by observing the time value at which the cross correlation of the two microphone signals displays a maximum. In the presence of reverberation, however, the cross correlation function displays a great number of local maxima caused by reflected signals blending unpredictably. This results in TDOA estimation ambiguity, making correct source localization impossile. The aim of this work is to present an improved disambiguation algorithm and compare it to existing algorithms in terms of estimation accuracy and processing time.
Teaching, Learning, and School Organization: Principles of Practice and the Regularities of Schooling

This artick sets out a way of thinking about the connection between our ideas of best practice, school organization, and policy. It develops six principles of best practice in teaching and learning: (a) the object of teaching is to nurture understanding, (b) understanding occurs in the context of specific bodies of knowkledge, (c) understanding requires the active construction of knowledge by learners, (d) understanding requires the development of basic and higher order knowledge simultaneously, (e) learners differ substantially in what they bring to understanding specific bodies of knowledge, and (f) learning is a social, as well as an individual process. These ideas of best practice connect to organization and policy through the solution of four recurring problems, or regularities, of schooling: (a) how students are grouped for purposes of instruction, (b) how teachers' work is defined vis-l-vis groups of students, (c) how content is allocated to time, and (d) how students' progress is assessed. Translating principles of best practice into organization and policy requires changing traditional solutions to these problems.
A Modified Pseudo-Voter Identity ( PVID ) Scheme for e-Voting Preparation Stage

In this paper, a modified PVID has been proposed and analyzed. The modified PVID scheme includes some improvements in the used PVID Scheme. In the proposed scheme, the PVID authority issues a voter certificate obtained only once for each eligible voter. This certificate will increase the security in any e-voting scheme that uses the PVID scheme. In addition to that, this certificate only issued once and verified by responder (an additional entity has been added to the PVID) in an attempt to prevent double voting. The issued voter certificate will be multi-encrypted with voter public key (ev) and PVID authority private key (PRPVID-Authority). A Password Generator (PG) has been added for the voter to generate a unique password for each eligible voter, instead of using the traditional voter password, as an attacker may keep track of the voters' password and compromise it. Security requirement analysis has been given Keywords-component; e-voting, PVID, Pseudo Voter Identity, Blind Signature, e-voting Scheme
Reconfiguring Agency and Responsibility in the Governance of Social Housing in Scotland

The construction of identities for subjects as self-regulating agents characterises processes of governance in advanced liberal democracies. Such identities implicate subjects within moral bonds of responsibility and agency to prescribed ethics of normalised consumption and duties to community. Within this 'ethopolitics' of social housing in the UK, the conduct of tenants and practitioners is framed within a conceptual triangle of consumerism, communitarianism and managerialism. This paper examines specific technologies used by Scottish social housing agencies to construct identities of agency, self-regulation and responsibility amongst their tenants. It identifies the rationales, processes and implications of these techniques for tenants and practitioners and suggests that emergent ambiguities in the reconfiguration of governing identities reflect conflicting conceptualisations about the role for social housing.
Occupational Income and the Effects of Minority Competition and Segregation: A Re-analysis and Some new Evidence.

This paper investigates the causal dynamics underlying the negative relationship between occupational income and concentrations of minority (female and black male) workers. In particular, the study examines competition (entrance of minorities depresses occupational income) versus segregation (minority workers are excluded from higher paying occupations) arguments, which have not been adequately addressed in previous empirical research. Regression analyses of 1950 through 1970 U.S. Census data on detailed occupations indicate that competition and segregation are race or sex specific processes. Females appear to compete with white males, but there is no support for wage segregation of women. Conversely, the findings show segregation but not competition in the case of black men. However, neither competition nor segregation is empirically very important during the period covered by the Census data. Instead, "historical" factors which have largely determined the occupational distributions of income and minorities (in the lower paying jobs) are identified as the most important sources of the lesser economic rewards of heavily black or female occupations. Historical analyses are therefore suggested for further investigation of these issues.
Working Papers Working Papers Working Papers Working Papers Growth and Risk-sharing with Private Information Growth and Risk-sharing with Private Information

for helpful comments. All remaining errors are our sole responsibility. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia or of the Federal Reserve System. Abstract We examine the impact of incomplete risk-sharing on growth and welfare. The source of market incompleteness in our economy is private information: a household's idiosyncratic productivity shock is not observable by others. Risk-sharing between households occurs through long-term contracts with intermediaries. We find that incomplete risk-sharing tends to reduce the rate of growth relative to the complete risk-sharing benchmark. Numerical examples indicate that the welfare cost and the growth effect of private information are small.
Eye Can Hear Clearly Now: Inverse Effectiveness in Natural Audiovisual Speech Processing Relies on Long-Term Crossmodal Temporal Integration

Speech comprehension is improved by viewing a speaker's face, especially in adverse hearing conditions, a principle known as inverse effectiveness. However, the neural mechanisms that help to optimize how we integrate auditory and visual speech in such suboptimal conversational environments are not yet fully understood. Using human EEG recordings, we examined how visual speech enhances the cortical representation of auditory speech at a signal-to-noise ratio that maximized the perceptual benefit conferred by multisensory processing relative to unisensory processing. We found that the influence of visual input on the neural tracking of the audio speech signal was significantly greater in noisy than in quiet listening conditions, consistent with the principle of inverse effectiveness. Although envelope tracking during audio-only speech was greatly reduced by background noise at an early processing stage, it was markedly restored by the addition of visual speech input. In background noise, multisensory integration occurred at much lower frequencies and was shown to predict the multisensory gain in behavioral performance at a time lag of ∼250 ms. Critically, we demonstrated that inverse effectiveness, in the context of natural audiovisual (AV) speech processing, relies on crossmodal integration over long temporal windows. Our findings suggest that disparate integration mechanisms contribute to the efficient processing of AV speech in background noise. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The behavioral benefit of seeing a speaker's face during conversation is especially pronounced in challenging listening environments. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, known as inverse effectiveness, have not yet been established. Here, we examine this in the human brain using natural speech-in-noise stimuli that were designed specifically to maximize the behavioral benefit of audiovisual (AV) speech. We find that this benefit arises from our ability to integrate multimodal information over longer periods of time. Our data also suggest that the addition of visual speech restores early tracking of the acoustic speech signal during excessive background noise. These findings support and extend current mechanistic perspectives on AV speech perception.
Probabilistic Inference on Multiple Normalized Signal Profiles from Next Generation Sequencing: Transcription Factor Binding Sites

With the prevalence of chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) with sequencing (ChIP-Seq) technology, massive ChIP-Seq data has been accumulated. The ChIP-Seq technology measures the genome-wide occupancy of DNA-binding proteins in vivo. It is well-known that different DNA-binding protein occupancies may result in a gene being regulated in different conditions (e.g. different cell types). To fully understand a gene's function, it is essential to develop probabilistic models on multiple ChIP-Seq profiles for deciphering the gene transcription causalities. In this work, we propose and describe two probabilistic models. Assuming the conditional independence of different DNA-binding proteins' occupancies, the first method (SignalRanker) is developed as an intuitive method for ChIP-Seq genome-wide signal profile inference. Unfortunately, such an assumption may not always hold in some gene regulation cases. Thus, we propose and describe another method (FullSignalRanker) which does not make the conditional independence assumption. The proposed methods are compared with other existing methods on ENCODE ChIP-Seq datasets, demonstrating its regression and classification ability. The results suggest that FullSignalRanker is the best-performing method for recovering the signal ranks on the promoter and enhancer regions. In addition, FullSignalRanker is also the best-performing method for peak sequence classification. We envision that SignalRanker and FullSignalRanker will become important in the era of next generation sequencing. FullSignalRanker program is available on the following website: http://www.cs. toronto.edu/~wkc/FullSignalRanker/.
Pregabalin-induced hepatotoxicity.

Pregabalin (Lyrica; Pfizer, Brooklyn, New York, USA) is used in neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, adjunctive therapy for adult patients with partial onset [1], and fibromyalgia [2]. It binds with high affinity to the a2–d site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues. It does not inhibit human cytochrome P450 enzyme systems [1]. Herein we report the second case of a patient with pregabalininduced hepatotoxicity.