Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
G-SC-IRSA: Graph-Based Spatially Coupled IRSA for Age-Critical Grant-Free Massive Access

In this article, we focus on a grant-free massive access setup and analyze its Age of Information (AoI), where a large number of user equipments (UEs) are randomly activated and attempt to transmit status update packets to a base station (BS) over a common shared channel. To support this age-critical grant-free massive access, we propose a graph-based spatially coupled irregular repetition slotted ALOHA (G-SC-IRSA) random access protocol, which utilizes the pseudo-random access pattern (PRAP), coupled frames, and sliding window decoder (SWD) to improve the packet loss rate (PLR) and AoI performance. Specifically, we derive the approximate expressions to the normalized Average AoI (AAoI) as a function of the PRAP and system load. Then, we establish the problem of minimizing the AAoI under the G-SC-IRSA protocol. Furthermore, we utilize the density evolution (DE) with a bipartite graph to evaluate the system load threshold of G-SC-IRSA in asymptotic regime, achieve an optimal degree distribution via the differential evolution algorithm, and finally obtain the optimal PRAP with progressive edge-growth algorithm. Simulation results validate the accuracy of our theoretical derivations and show that the G-SC-IRSA can achieve the minimum AAoI with the optimal PRAP and outperforms the existing benchmark schemes in terms of PLR and AAoI.
An edge detection method based on Gamma distribution function for power line aerial images

The criteria of detection and localization are always a pair of contradiction in edge detection, e.g. Canny. Due to the optimal geometry property of the Gamma probability density function (PDF), it is introduced in this paper as a kernel function after its definition is complemented at the origin. Besides, an edge preserving parameter ε is added to make the pair of contradiction to be adjustable independently. With Gaussian kernel function substituted by the modified Gamma PDF, an improved edge detection algorithm is proposed. For a given edge detection criterion, the localization criterion of Gamma detector is better than that of Canny. The advantage has been analyzed theoretically and validated through the experiments on airborne remote sensing power line images.
Practical Aspects in the Study of Biological Photosensitization Including Reaction Mechanisms and Product Analyses: A Do's and Don'ts Guide †

The interaction of light with natural matter leads to a plethora of photosensitized reactions. These reactions cause the degradation of biomolecules, such as DNA, lipids, proteins, being therefore detrimental to the living organisms, or they can also be beneficial by allowing the treatment of several diseases by photomedicine. Based on the molecular mechanistic understanding of the photosensitization reactions, we propose to classify them in four processes: oxygen‐dependent (type I and type II processes) and oxygen‐independent [triplet‐triplet energy transfer (TTET) and photoadduct formation]. In here, these processes are discussed by considering a wide variety of approaches including time‐resolved and steady‐state techniques, together with solvent, quencher, and scavenger effects. The main aim of this survey is to provide a description of general techniques and approaches that can be used to investigate photosensitization reactions of biomolecules together with basic recommendations on good practices. Illustration of the suitability of these approaches is provided by the measurement of key biomarkers of singlet oxygen and one‐electron oxidation reactions in both isolated and cellular DNA. Our work is an educational review that is mostly addressed to students and beginners.
Coincidence in time-of-flight aerosol spectrometers : phantom particle creation

When using time-of-flight aerosol spectrometers, particle size measurement is based upon a particle's transit time between two laser beams. The particle's transit time is assumed to be the time difference between the two pulses of light that are produced as the particle passes through the two laser beams. Particle coincidence, which occurs when a second particle crosses the first laser beam before the first particle crosses the second laser beam, has a complex effect upon the measured size distribution. As a result of coincidence, time-of-flight aerosol spectrometers can replace real particles of one size with spurious, or phantom, particles of a different size in the measured distribution. When partial detection of a particle occurs, i.e., only one pulse from a particle is detected, another particle producing a pulse that occurs while the timer is open can cause the recording of a randomly sized phantom particle. The creation of these phantom particles, which we termed “open-timer” phantom particles, has.
Biodegradation of Carbofuran and Paraquat by Indigenous Soil Microorganisms

Aim: It aimed at the biodegradation of Carbofuran and Paraquat using the active microbial population resident in a farmyard soil in the Federal University of Petroleum Resources (FUPRE), Ugbomoro Community, Delta State. Study Design: Microcosms were set-up in triplicates; sampling for pesticides’ loss and microbial counts were done bi-weekly. Place and Duration of Study: Study was done in Environmental Management and Toxicology Department, FUPRE and Chemistry Department, University of Benin between June 2019 and July 2019. Methodology: Carbofuran and Paraquat were applied to farmyard soil containing active microbial population at recommended and four times the recommended doses. A sterile control was equally setup. Biodegradation was monitored with the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Microbial counts were monitored using standard methods. Results: Carbofuran decreased from 108.6 ± 0.69 μg/kg (day 0) to 39.2 ± 3.8 μg/kg (day 28) and 301.4 ± 1.29 μg/kg (day 0) to 241.4 ± 2.83 μg/kg (day 28) for recommended and four times recommended rates, respectively. Also, there were complete removal of Paraquat in treatments with the recommended rate while it decreased from 268.3 ± 5. 21μg/kg (day 0) to 144.4 ± 2.38 μg/kg (day 28) at four times the recommended rate. In the abiotic control, were little losses of both pesticides. Total heterotrophic bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes counts increased (day 14 to 21) in contaminated soils. Significant differences in degradation with respect to pesticides treatment and time were observed. Conclusion: The microorganisms grew at different concentrations reducing both Carbofuran and Paraquat in contaminated soils. Their presence and high numbers confirmed that they are ubiquitous, diverse and can adjust to any harsh environment. Increased microbial counts showed that they grew in presence of the chemicals and degraded them. Thus, these indigenous microbial population can be used for the clean-up of these pesticides pollution in farms to improve such environment.
Psychological Violence Within a Partner Relationship and Alcohol Abuse of Portuguese Women: The Mediating Role of Resilience

In this study, we explored how psychological violence within a partner relationship relates to resilience and alcohol abuse of Portuguese women, particularly, testing the mediating role of resilience. A cross-sectional sample of 464 Portuguese women with a partner relationship was screened for psychological violence, alcohol abuse, and resilience. Results showed differences in terms of age, marital status, and current employment situation. Psychological violence was negatively related to resilience and positively related to alcohol consumption. Resilience also showed a negative relationship with alcohol consumption. A partial mediation was found between psychological violence and alcohol consumption through resilience, supporting the crucial role of resilience to break the negative “chain” between psychological violence and alcohol consumption.
WOLF-RAYET STARS AND AN EXTRAORDINARY STAR-FORMING REGION IN THE BARRED SPIRAL GALAXY NGC 5430.

A strong emission knot 20 arcsec southeast of the nucleus of NGC 5430 shows spectral features attributable to Wolf-Rayet stars. If they are like those seen nearby, the knot contains 30,000 Wolf-Rayet stars, as well as a still larger number of O stars. Abundances of heavy elements in the ionized gas around the stars may be lower than expected for such a galaxy. A scenario is proposed in which this object results from the collision of a dwarf irregular galaxy with the disk and bar of NGC 5430 and ensuring star formation.
Study on Chinese Farmland Ecosystem Service Value Transfer Based on Meta Analysis

An analytic database was built based on meta-regression analysis (MRA) method, mainly including ecosystem service type, farmland division, cultivated land type, value assessment method, and farmland characteristics. The feasible weighted least square (FWLS) method was adopted to comprehensively investigate the seventy observations from empirical studies. The results indicate that: (1) except the negative impact of farmland area on farmland value, such factors as paddy field, good soil conservation function, mainly providing agricultural products, and using market value method for assessment all produce positive effect on the promotion of farmland value. (2) In meta-regression analysis, the average transfer error is 36.74%, and the median transfer error is 14.59%. (3) Under the A1B, A2, B1, and B2 scenarios of IPCC SRES, it is discovered from calculation that the value changes under different scenarios have some differences, in which, the total value rises significantly under A2 scenario and will reach to 15,220 billion yuan until the year of 2100; while the total value loss is the greatest under B1 scenario and will fall to 6320 billion yuan until the year of 2100. Finally, this paper gives some suggestions for scholars to deeply study the service value of farmland ecosystem as well as for the government to formulate differentiation policies.
Predictors of Self-Harm Types in Members of Online Communities: Age As a Moderating Variable

BACKGROUND: Deliberate self-harm includes direct and indirect behaviors that cause harm to the body. Various manifestations of such behavior (e.g., non-suicidal self-injuries) are prevalent in adolescent and youth populations, and they often serve as precursors of subsequent suicidal behavior. The interpersonal dynamics that lead to self-harm behavior remain understudied. Interpersonal sensitivity, defined as an anticipation of criticism and fear of rejection in ones relationships with other people, may become one such factor. AIM: The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity, psychopathological symptoms, and types of self-harm. METHODS: The sample (n=804, 1735 years, M=23.34.6 years) was recruited in online communities. A survey developed by the authors was used to measure the types of self-harm. Other measures included the Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure and Symptom Checklist-90-R. RESULTS: It was discovered that superficial self-injuries could be related to more severe types of self-harm, destructive for the body on the whole (e.g., risk-taking, deprivation, fasting, substance abuse). Fear of rejection and psychopathological symptoms emerged as predictors of both superficial self-injuries and self-destructive behavior. Although younger respondents (1719 years old) were more likely to inflict on themselves superficial self-injuries, those who scored high on fear of rejection were more likely to report more severe self-destructive behavior. Acute psychological distress elevated this risk for both younger and older participants (2735 years old). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study point at the important role the dynamics of interpersonal relationships plays in perpetuating self-harm.
The Effect of Semantic Structure on First Graders' Strategies for Solving Addition and Subtraction Word Problems.

In a longitudinal investigation, data were collected on the problem representations and solution strategies of 30 first graders who were given a series of simple addition and subtraction word problems (Verschaffel, 1984). The children were interviewed three times during the school year, and data obtained on their solution strategies and on the influence of problem structure on the strategies. The results complement those of recent related research, especially the work of Carpenter and Moser (1982, 1984). More precisely, the influence of problem structure on children's solution strategies appears even more extensive and decisive than that described by previous researchers.
Rigorous estimates of quantization error for A/D converters based on beta-map

: A β -encoder, a non-binary analog-to-digital converter that is based on the β - expansion, is reported to be robust to large process variations and widespread environment ﬂuctuations. However, the quantization error of the β -encoder is complicatedly distributed and hard to be estimated due to the chaotic nature of the β -transformation. In this work, we propose an analysis method for determining an upper bound of the mean squared error of the quantization. We also provide an evaluation of the signal-to-quantization-noise ratio, which is useful for designing β -encoders.
Polynomial Model Set and its Interacting Multiple Model Algorithms

From the maneuvering target orbit on the geometrical properties, according to different motion modes track corresponding to different order number polynomial curve, using the least squares fitting structure, this paper gives out a group of various motion modes matching the mathematical model—polynomial model set (PMS), and gives distinct mathematical process. PMS covers all the motion modes theoretically, easy to choose according to the practical situation and expand, especially suitable for single model can not accurately describe the complex sports scene. The model need not consider sampling interval, without lowering the filter performance at the same time, reduced prior knowledge dependence. Finally, simulation results indicate that the correctness and validity and practicality.
Resonances of polyatomic molecules in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation

We study the spectral properties of polyatomic molecules near a scattering level. We prove that in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation this study can be reduced to the one of a family of finite matrices of semiclassical pseudodifferential operators. More precisely, we show that any resonance of the molecule which is close enough to the real axis can be obtained from the discrete spectrum of one of these matrixes.
Optimization of linear-quadratic regulator systems in the presence of parameter perturbations

The problem of LQ optimality under parameter perturbations is discussed and a sufficient condition is given for insensitivity of the optimality of a closed-loop system to parameter variations. The permitted region (PR) of parameter perturbations is further introduced so that a perturbed closed-loop system will still be optimal to the parameter variations within PR and an algorithm is given for its construction. The possible ways are then suggested for expanding the size of PR.
The Effectiveness of Mindfulness based Cognitive Therapy on Stress and balance in Older Men

Aim and Background: Aging is associated with changes in physical, motor and mental functions and can affect people's lifestyles; therefore, the aim of this study was the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on stress and balance in older men. Methods and Materials: The present study is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population includes men aged 60 to 70 years who referred to rehabilitation and psychology centers in Shahrud in 2020. Purposeful sampling method and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study, 24 qualified people were randomly identified and randomly assigned to 2 groups of 12 people. Finally, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study, the number of subjects was reduced to 21 people, including the cognitive-behavioral therapy group based on mindfulness 11 people and the control group 10 people. Research instruments included Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Cohen et al. (1983) Perceived Stress. In this study, SPSS statistical software version 25 was used to analyze the data as well as One-way analysis of covariance. Findings: The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapy had a significant effect on balance and stress in older men (P≤0.001). Conclusions: It seems that mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral interventions affect research variables. However, in order to increase the external validity of the research, it is suggested that more research be done.
Staged suppression of microglial autophagy facilitates regeneration in CNS demyelination by enhancing the production of linoleic acid

Significance This study sought to assess the impact of microglial autophagic–lysosomal pathway on demyelination. Consequently, various assessments were carried out in an animal model of CNS demyelination. Our results demonstrated that the inhibition of excessive activation of autophagic–lysosomal pathway during the acute demyelination could result in enhanced cellular lipid metabolism and better neurological outcomes. We also confirmed that supplementation with certain lipid metabolites, such as conjugated linoleic acid, could mimic these protective effects, including improving autophagic–lysosomal overactivation and cellular dysfunction in microglia and yielding critical regenerative properties beyond myelin debris clearance. Our study proposes that pharmacological inhibition targeting microglial autophagic–lysosomal overactivation or supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid could be a potential therapeutic strategy in CNS demyelinated disorders.
Chemical Profile and Antifungal Activity of Leaf Extract of Tabernaemontana divaricata against Macrophomina phaseolina

Macrophomina phaseolina is a highly problematic fungus that causes diseases in hundreds of plant species. In order to search for an alternative to chemical fungicides for the control of this devastating pathogen, leaf extract of Tabernaemontana divaricata was assessed for the control of M. phaseolina. Five concentrations of leaf extract in methanol viz. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% (w/v), were checked against M. phaseolina. All these concentrations significantly suppressed the fungal growth resulting in 34–74% decreased biomass of M. phaseolina over control. GC-MS analysis of this extract showed the presence of 54 compounds. Squalene was the predominant compound with 24.11% peak area followed by vitamin E (8.96%). Other important compounds were hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester (6.21%), thiophene, tetrahydro-2-methyl- (5.68%), cyclopentanol (5.61%), neophytadiene (6.25%), 1-tert-butoxypropan-2-yl 2-methylbutanoate (6.03%), ibogamine-18-carboxylic acid, 12-methoxy-, methyl ester (2.95%), phytol (2.26%), and n-hexadecanoic acid (2.20%). Some of these major compounds might be responsible for antifungal property of methanolic leaf extract of T. divaricata against M. phaseolina.
Potentialities of multivariate approaches in genome‐based cancer research: identification of candidate genes for new diagnostics by PLS discriminant analysis

Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) provides a sound statistical basis for the selection, from an original 9605‐data set, of a limited number of gene transcripts most effective in discriminating different tumour histotypes. The potentialities of the PLS‐DA approach are pointed out by its ability to identify genes which, according to current knowledge, are associated with cancer development. Moreover, PLS‐DA was able to identify MUC 13 and S100P proteins as candidates for the development of new colon cancer diagnostics. Various genes with unknown function and ESTs (expressed sequence tags), found to be important in discriminating genes for colon, leukaemia, renal and central nervous system tumour cells, are indicated as deserving high priority in future molecular studies. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
N = 8 supergravity breaks down to N = 1

The field equations of N = 1 supergravity in d = 11 dimensions admit a spontaneous compactification on the seven-sphere to an N = 8 theory in d = 4 with local SO(8) invariance. A spontaneously broken version of this theory is provided by another solution of the field equations for which the metric on S/sup 7/ is distorted. The isometry group of this new solution is SO(5)xSU(2), the relevant holonomy group is G/sub 2/, and the N = 8 supersymmetry is broken down to N = 1 at the Planck scale. The implications for grand unified theories are briefly discussed.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aerial Part Extract of the Anthemis pseudocotula Boiss. Plant and Their Biological Activity

Green syntheses of metallic nanoparticles using plant extracts as effective sources of reductants and stabilizers have attracted decent popularity due to their non-toxicity, environmental friendliness and rapid nature. The current study demonstrates the ecofriendly, facile and inexpensive synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AP-AgNPs) using the extract of aerial parts of the Anthemis pseudocotula Boiss. plant (AP). Herein, the aerial parts extract of AP performed a twin role of a reducing as well as a stabilizing agent. The green synthesized AP-AgNPs were characterized by several techniques such as XRD, UV-Vis, FT-IR, TEM, SEM and EDX. Furthermore, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of as-prepared AP-AgNPs were examined by a standard two-fold microbroth dilution method and tissue culture plate methods, respectively, against several Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains and fungal species such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PA) and Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) strains. The antimicrobial activity results clearly indicated that the Gram-negative bacteria MDR-PA was most affected by AgNPs as compared to other Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and fungi C. albicans. Whereas, in the case of antibiofilm activity, it has been found that AgNPs at 0.039 mg/mL, inhibit biofilms formation of Gram-negative bacteria i.e., MDR-PA, E. coli, and MDR-AB by 78.98 ± 1.12, 65.77 ± 1.05 and 66.94 ± 1.35%, respectively. On the other hand, at the same dose (i.e., 0.039 mg/mL), AP-AgNPs inhibits biofilm formation of Gram-positive bacteria i.e., MRSA, S. aureus and fungi C. albicans by 67.81 ± 0.99, 54.61 ± 1.11 and 56.22 ± 1.06%, respectively. The present work indicates the efficiency of green synthesized AP-AgNPs as good antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents against selected bacterial and fungal species.
High-mobility AlGaN/GaN heterostructures grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on GaN templates prepared by hydride vapor phase epitaxy

We report on the growth and transport properties of high-mobility two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) confined at the AlGaN/GaN interface grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy on GaN templates prepared by hydride vapor phase epitaxy. We have grown samples over a broad range of electron densities ranging from ns=6.9×1011 to 1.1×1013 cm−2, and at T=4.2 K, observe a peak mobility of 53 300 cm2/V s at a density of 2.8×1012 cm−2. Magnetotransport studies on these samples display exceptionally clean signatures of the quantum Hall effect. Our investigation of the dependence of 2DEG mobility on carrier concentration suggests that the low-temperature mobility in our AlGaN/GaN heterostructures is currently limited by the interplay between charged dislocation scattering and interface roughness.