Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Competing for the Future

Preface to the Paperback Edition Preface and Acknowledgments 1. Getting Off the Treadmill 2. How Competition for the Future Is Different 3. Learning to Forget 4. Competing for Industry Foresight 5. Crafting Strategic Architecture 6. Strategy as Stretch 7. Strategy as Leverage 8. Competing to Shape the Future 9. Building Gateways to the Future 10. Embedding the Core Competence Perspective 11. Securing the Future 12. Thinking Differently Notes Bibliography Index About the Authors
Time Squeeze, Partner Effect or Self-Selection?

This paper investigates the role of women’s education in the transition to the second child using data from the 1997 German micro-census. We begin our analysis with a simple model, which shows a positive effect of woman’s education on the transition rate to the second child for West German women. We argue that this effect is most likely confounded by various factors. Firstly, we assume that there is a time-squeeze effect, which increases the transition rate to the second child for more highly educated women. Secondly, titled as the partner hypothesis, we argue that more highly educated women often live with more highly educated partners who have the earning potential to afford a large family. Thirdly, titled as the selection hypothesis, we argue that the positive effect of women’s education can be attributed to a selection effect, i.e. family-oriented college graduates are more likely to select themselves into the group of women at risk of second birth. The empirical investigations particularly support the second and third hypotheses. After controlling for the partner’s characteristics and including unobserved heterogeneity factors, the positive effect of female education becomes strongly negative.
Corporate governance and environmental reporting: an Australian study

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between environmental reporting and corporate governance attributes of companies in Australia.Design/methodology/approach – The paper adopts a quantitative analysis approach. It examines the 2008 annual reports of the largest 100 Australian firms listed on the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) to determine the amount of environmental reporting – these data are compared with various corporate governance measures.Findings – Analysis found a significant positive relationship between the extent of environmental reporting and the proportions of independent and female directors on a board. The analysis did not, however, support a negative relationship between the extent of environmental reporting and institutional investors and board size as has been previously predicted, rather, it showed a positive relationship.Originality/value – This paper offers insights to both regulators and company strategists. Regulators such as the Australian Stock E.
Systematic Errors and the Theory of Natural Selection

This paper derives two main results. First, in a world where inheritance is sexual as opposed to asexual, second-best adaptations can be evolutionarily stable. That is, the adaptation selected need not be the optimal solution to the evolutionary problem at hand. Second, the author applies this result to show that natural selection provides a potential explanation for why, in many settings, humans commit errors that are systematic in nature. Copyright 1994 by American Economic Association.
On Measuring Poverty

This paper investigates the properties of various measures of poverty and of the “difficulty of alleviation of poverty”. It is found that the ranking properties of both kinds of indices can be quite counter-intuitive and that they could be misleading if used for policy evaluation. An alternative index is proposed; it is compared to the other indices and seems to fare rather well. To illustrate, a special reference is made to S. Anand's recent article on poverty in Malaysia.
Self-Enforcing Wage Contracts

We examine long-term wage contracts between a risk-neutral firm and a risk-averse worker when both can costlessly renege and buy or sell labour at a random spot market wage. A self-enforcing contract is one in which neither party ever has an incentive to renege. In the optimum self-enforcing contract, wages are sticky: they are less variable than spot market wages and positively serially correlated. They are updated by a simple rule: around each spot wage is a time invariant interval, and the contract wage changes each period by the smallest amount necessary to bring it into the current interval.
Molecular Analysis of the Microbial Diversity Present in the Colonic Wall, Colonic Lumen, and Cecal Lumen of a Pig

ABSTRACT Random clones of 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequences were isolated after PCR amplification with eubacterial primers from total genomic DNA recovered from samples of the colonic lumen, colonic wall, and cecal lumen from a pig. Sequences were also obtained for cultures isolated anaerobically from the same colonic-wall sample. Phylogenetic analysis showed that many sequences were related to those ofLactobacillus or Streptococcus spp. or fell into clusters IX, XIVa, and XI of gram-positive bacteria. In addition, 59% of randomly cloned sequences showed less than 95% similarity to database entries or sequences from cultivated organisms. Cultivation bias is also suggested by the fact that the majority of isolates (54%) recovered from the colon wall by culturing were related toLactobacillus and Streptococcus, whereas this group accounted for only one-third of the sequence variation for the same sample from random cloning. The remaining cultured isolates were mainly Selenomonas related. A higher proportion ofLactobacillus reuteri-related sequences than ofLactobacillus acidophilus- and Lactobacillus amylovorus-related sequences were present in the colonic-wall sample. Since the majority of bacterial ribosomal sequences recovered from the colon wall are less than 95% related to known organisms, the roles of many of the predominant wall-associated bacteria remain to be defined.
Ratiometric Singlet Oxygen Nano-optodes and Their Use for Monitoring Photodynamic Therapy Nanoplatforms

Abstract Ratiometric photonic explorers for bioanalysis with biologically localized embedding (PEBBLE) nanoprobes have been developed for singlet oxygen, using organically modified silicate (ORMOSIL) nanoparticles as the matrix. A crucial aspect of these ratiometric singlet-oxygen fluorescent probes is their minute size. The ORMOSIL nanoparticles are prepared via a sol-gel–based process and the average diameter of the resultant particles is about 160 nm. These sensors incorporate the singlet-oxygen–sensitive 9,10-dimethyl anthracene as an indicator dye and a singlet-oxygen–insensitive dye, octaethylporphine, as a reference dye for ratiometric fluorescence-based analysis. We have found experimentally that these nanoprobes have much better sensitivity than does the conventional singlet-oxygen–free dye probe, anthracene-9,10-dipropionic acid disodium salt. The much longer lifetime of singlet oxygen in the ORMOSIL matrix, compared to aqueous solutions, in addition to the relatively high singlet oxygen solubility because of the highly permeable structure and the hydrophobic nature of the outer shell of the ORMOSIL nanoparticles, results in an excellent overall response to singlet oxygen. These nanoprobes have been used to monitor the singlet oxygen produced by “dynamic nanoplatforms” that were developed for photodynamic therapy. The singlet oxygen nanoprobes could potentially be used to quantify the singlet oxygen produced by macrophages.
Inhibition of TANK Binding Kinase 1 by Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Facilitates Productive Infection

ABSTRACT The γ134. 5 protein of herpes simplex viruses (HSV) is essential for viral pathogenesis, where it precludes translational arrest mediated by double-stranded-RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR). Paradoxically, inhibition of PKR alone is not sufficient for HSV to exhibit viral virulence. Here we report that γ134. 5 inhibits TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) through its amino-terminal sequences, which facilitates viral replication and neuroinvasion. Compared to wild-type virus, the γ134. 5 mutant lacking the amino terminus induces stronger antiviral immunity. This parallels a defect of γ134. 5 for interacting with TBK1 and reducing phosphorylation of interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3. This activity is independent of PKR. Although resistant to IFN treatment, the γ134. 5 amino-terminal deletion mutant replicates at an intermediate level between replication of wild-type virus and that of the γ134. 5 null mutant in TBK1+/+ cells. However, such impaired viral growth is not observed in TBK1−/− cells, indicating that the interaction of γ134. 5 with TBK1 dictates HSV infection. Upon corneal infection, this mutant replicates transiently but barely invades the trigeminal ganglia or brain, which is a difference from wild-type virus and the γ134. 5 null mutant. Therefore, in addition to PKR, γ134. 5 negatively regulates TBK1, which contributes viral replication and spread in vivo.
When Does the Rule of Liability Matter?

TEE active interface between law and economics has been limited largely to antitrust and regulation, but recent work, primarily in economics, has revealed a much wider area of common interest. The new development, which deals with the definition and structure of property rights, has implications for central areas of the law, such as real property, torts, and contracts, although it originated in an economic analysis of the divergence between private and social cost. While still in its embryonic stage, the analysis has proceeded far enough for it to be called to the attention of a wider audience. The questions with which we shall be concerned are whether and under what conditions a legal decision about liability affects the uses to which resources will be put and the distribution of wealth between owners of resources. If ranchers are held liable for the damage done by their cattle to corn fields, how will the outputs of meat and corn be affected? If drivers or pedestrians, alternatively, are held liable for automobile-pedestrian accidents, how will the accident rate be affected? What implications for extortion (an extreme form of wealth redistribution) are found in the decision about who is liable for damages?
Aproliferin--a human plasma protein that induces the irreversible loss of proliferative potential associated with terminal differentiation.

Cellular proliferation is regulated not only by the action of growth factors and growth inhibitors whose effects are reversible but also by factors that induce the irreversible loss of proliferative potential associated with the terminal event in cellular differentiation. The authors have employed 3T3 T mesenchymal stem cells as a model system to study the terminal event in cellular differentiation because in these cells' distinct nonterminal and terminal states of differentiation can be identified and because transition from the nonterminal to the terminal states of differentiation can be induced by human plasma. In this paper is reported the 20,000-fold purification of a component of human plasma that induces the terminal event in differentiation. This factor is shown to have an apparent molecular weight of approximately 45,000 and an isoelectric point of approximately 7.6. It is trypsin-sensitive, acid and heat-labile, and is resistant to treatment with dithiothreitol and alkali. The ability of this human plasma protein to induce the irreversible loss of proliferative potential associated with the terminal event in differentiation serves as the basis for its designation "aproliferin. " The data in this paper in addition show that no other pharmacologic or physiologic agents have been identified that can mimic the biologic effect of aproliferin. Therefore, aproliferin appears to be a functionally distinct protein in human plasma.
Comparison of behavioral similarity use TARs and Naïve algorithm for calculating similarity in business process model

Every organization needs one or more business processes to support the analysis, redesign, and implementation of an activity. Problems that occur when one or more business processes have in common that should identify the effectiveness and efficiency of the models from different processes. A common process model is determined by calculating the similarity of some business process model using a specific algorithm. This observation aims to compare two algorithms to calculate the value of behavioral similarity using Transition Adjacency Relations (TARs) and Naïve. From that comparison, we will find a suitable algorithm to calculate the value of that behavioral similarity. In this experiment, the authors will analyze the similarity of process models based on their behavior by comparing them using TARs and Naïve. The result of the behavioral similarity calculation with TARs algorithm is 0.36. Whereas the similarity calculated using naïve algorithm is 0.3016. Looking at the calculation of the similarity between these two algorithms, the value of the naïve algorithm is lower. From that, we concluded that between TARs and Naïve, TARs is superior. There are many possible causes for a low similarity value in Naïve, one of them is because the two models of business process is different when viewed by behavioral standpoint. Furthermore, it is likely influenced by the structure of a more complex business process model.
Drag, Drafting, and Mechanical Interactions in Canopies of the Red Alga Chondrus crispus

Dense algal canopies, which are common in the lower intertidal and shallow subtidal along rocky coastlines, can alter flow-induced forces in their vicinity. Alteration of flow-induced forces on algal thalli may ameliorate risk of dislodgement and will affect important physiological processes, such as rates of photosynthesis. This study found that the force experienced by a thallus of the red alga Chondrus crispus (Stackhouse) at a given flow speed within a flow tank depended upon (1) the density of the canopy surrounding the thallus, (2) the position of the thallus within the canopy, and (3) the length of the stipe of the thallus relative to the height of the canopy. At all flow speeds, a solitary thallus experienced higher forces than a thallus with neighbors. A greater than 65% reduction in force occurred when the thallus drafted in the region of slower velocities that occurs in the wake region of even a single upstream neighbor, similar to the way racing bicyclists draft one behind the other. Mechanical interactions between thalli were important to forces experienced within canopies. A thallus on the upstream edge of a canopy experienced 6% less force than it did when solitary, because the canopy physically supported it. A thallus in the middle of a canopy experienced up to 83% less force than a solitary thallus, and forces decreased with increasing canopy density. Thus, a bushy morphology that increases drag on a solitary thallus may function to decrease forces experienced by that thallus when it is surrounded by a canopy, because that morphology increases physical support provided by neighbors.
Induction of Endometriosis by implantation of endometrial fragments in female rats

Background: Endometriosis is defined as the growth of endometrial tissues in ectopic places outside the uterus. This disease has an important effect on the health and fertility of affected women. It’s etiology is not clearly known. For better understanding the pathophysiology of this disease, many researchers study on several aspects of the disease on animals. Objective: In this experimental study endometriosis was induced in female rats surgically and then its side effects were investigated with special focus on adhesion formation that is a major problem in women with this disease. Materials and methods: In Protestrous phase, female rats were randomly divided into two groups. In both groups, under intra peritoneal anesthesia, laparotomy was done and left horn and associated fat were removed. In experimented group (A), the removed endometrium was cut to six square pieces (2mm each) and they were sutured to the peritoneum, near ovaries and subcutaneous. In sham group (B), the same procedure was done for the fat tissues around the removed horn and the pieces were sutured to the same places. After 8 weeks, in Protestrous phase, clinical adhesion and size of implants were evaluated. Results: The total mean size of implants was calculated in each group, and this was significantly larger in experimented group (25.4 mm versus 2 mm p=0.000). The mean diameter of implants that calculated for each site of implantation in experimented group were significantly larger in left peritoneum (p=0.002), followed by right (p=0.000) and left (p=0.000) ovaries. The endometrial tissues grew in 100% of implants in subcutaneous area. Clinical adhesions (Score ≥ 2) were detected in 7 out of 10 in experimented group and in 2 out 10 in control group. The number of Esterous cycle were similar in both groups. Conclusion: Our study showed that after inducing endometriosis by surgical approach, only endometrial implants grew as a cystic structures and this is a unique aspect of endometrial cells. Our results showed that endometriosis had a direct effect on adhesion formation, not surgery alone and induction of this disease didn't have any adverse effect on ovarian function in female rats.
Fat and Sucrose Intake Induces Obesity‐Related Bone Metabolism Disturbances: Kinetic and Reversibility Studies in Growing and Adult Rats

Metabolic and bone effects were investigated in growing (G, n = 45) and mature (M, n = 45) rats fed a high‐fat/high‐sucrose diet (HFS) isocaloric to the chow diet of controls (C, n = 30 per group). At week 19, a subset of 15 rats in each group (HFS or C, at both ages) was analyzed. Then one‐half of the remaining 30 HFS rats in each groups continued HFS and one‐half were shifted to C until week 27. Although no serum or bone marrow inflammation was seen, HFS increased visceral fat, serum leptin and insulin at week 19 and induced further alterations in lipid profile, serum adiponectin, and TGFβ1, TIMP1, MMP2, and MMP9, suggesting a prediabetic phenotype and cardiovascular dysfunction at week 27 more pronounced in M than G. These events were associated with dramatic reduction of osteoclastic and osteoid surfaces with accelerated mineralizing surfaces in both HFS age groups. Mineral metabolism and its major regulators were disturbed, leading to hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia. These changes were associated with bone alterations in the weight‐bearing tibia, not in the non‐weight‐bearing vertebra. Indeed in fat rats, tibia trabecular bone accrual increased in G whereas loss of trabecular bone in M was alleviated. At diaphysis cortical porosity increased in G and even more in M at week 27. After the diet switch, metabolic and bone cellular disturbances fully reversed in G, but not in M. Trabecular benefit of the obese was preserved in both age groups and in M the age‐related bone loss was even lighter after the diet switch than in prolonged HFS. At the diaphysis, cortical porosity normalized in G but not in M. Hypocalcemia in G and M was irreversible. Thus, the mild metabolic syndrome induced by isocaloric HFS is able to alter bone cellular activities and mineral metabolism, reinforce trabecular bone, and affect cortical bone porosity in an irreversible manner in older rats. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Peritonitis and exit site infections in First Nations patients on peritoneal dialysis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES First Nations (FN) patients on peritoneal dialysis experience poor outcomes. Whether discrepancies exist regarding the microbiology, rate of infections, and outcomes between FN and non-FN peoples remains unknown. Design, setting, participants, & measures: All adult peritoneal dialysis patients (n = 727) from 1997 to 2007 residing in Manitoba, Canada, were included. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used as necessary. Negative binomial regression was used to determine the relationship of rates of exit site infections (ESIs) and peritonitis between FN and non-FN peoples. RESULTS A total of 161 FN and 566 non-FN subjects were included in the analyses. The unadjusted relative rates of peritonitis and ESIs in FN subjects were 132.7 and 86.0/100 patient-years compared with 87.8 and 78.2/100 patient-years in non-FN populations, respectively. FN subjects were more likely to have culture-negative peritonitis (36.5 versus 20.8%, P < 0.0001) and Staphylococcus ESIs (54.1 versus 32.9%, P < 0.0001). The crude and adjusted rates of peritonitis were higher in FN subjects for total episodes and culture-negative and gram-negative peritonitis. Catheter removal because of peritonitis was similar in both groups (42.9 versus 38.1% for FN and non-FN subjects, respectively; P = 0.261). CONCLUSIONS FN patients experience higher rates of peritonitis and similar rates of ESIs compared with non-FN patients. Interventions to improve outcomes and prevent infections should specifically be targeted to the FN population.
The Sectoral Distribution of Money Supply in the Euro Area

The strong and prolonged deviation of money growth from its reference value since 2001 has caused concern among policy-makers about the upside risks to price stability from monetary developments. In this paper we provide evidence that these risks might be smaller than previously assumed. We provide a sectoral breakdown of money holdings and show that current excess liquidity conditions are in some measure related to the acceleration of non-bank financial intermediariesi? ½ money demand, as well as to the accumulation of marketable instruments. Such increases are likely to be related more to portfolio choices than to transaction motives. We also find evidence from balance sheet data on investment funds that points to a general increase of this sector in the economy, rather than to a higher degree of liquidity of their asset positions. This is likely to imply that recent dynamics reflect, to a large extent, a permanent change in the financial structure of the economy. Finally, our sectoral analysis suggests that the threat to price stability did not appear before the end of 2005, which is also when the ECB started to raise the official interest rates.
Common cycle lot-size scheduling for multi-product, multi-stage production

In this paper we study the Common Cycle Scheduling Problem (CCSP). This classic production problem is concerned with determining optimal production lot sizes for a given set of products using a common facility. CCSP is based on scheduling all products using a common (base) cycle time, so that the lot size for each product is the forecasted demand for that product over the base cycle time. This research provides an optimizing framework for CCSP for a multi-stage, multi-product, flow-shop environment under deterministic and stationary conditions, assuming a fixed sequence is maintained across all processing stages. The framework presented considers the costs of work-in-process inventory and determines a jointly optimal common cycle time and production schedule (start and finish times for each product's production lot-size) for the multi-stage facility in question. The paper also reports some results on the impact of alternative sequencing rules for the CCSP context.
Hydrogen bonding in C-substituted nitroanilines: a chain of R3 3(12)rings in 2-methanesulfonyl-4-nitroaniline.

The title compound, C(7)H(8)N(2)O(4)S, exhibits a markedly polarized molecular-electronic structure. The molecules are linked into a chain of edge-fused R(3)(3)(12) rings by two N-H.O[double bond]S hydrogen bonds [H.O = 2.10 and 2.21 A, N.O = 2.900 (2) and 2.878 (2) A, and N-H.O = 152 and 133 degrees ].