Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Progressive Journey from Ductal Carcinoma in situ into Invasive Breast Cancer: An Extensive Systematic Literature Review on Biomarkers

Breast Cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women, and second most cancer worldwide. It is a progressive and fatal disease that affects women of all ages, and is divided into several subtypes with distinct histological, genomic and transcriptomic profiles, outcomes, and responses to therapy. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a pre-invasive stage in the development of invasive breast carcinoma. DCIS presents a clinical problem, with high risk of potential progressive disease. A subset of patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) will develop Invasive Breast Cancer (IBC). Thus, biomarkers are pivotal important to help identify DCIS/ IBC genes that might probably lead to potential rational treatment therapies. While biomarkers are defined as indicators of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to therapeutic intervention, cancer biomarkers provide diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic information about a particular cancer and show their ever-increasing importance in early detection and diagnosis of the disease. Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), antigen KI-67 (Ki67), Her2, and cytokeratin’s are among the approved biomarkers by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy selection. Up to now, little is known/or there is still a lot to know about molecular biomarkers (BM) that may help to determine the likelihood that DCIS identified on diagnostic biopsy would remain contained in situ or become invasive. This review elaborates and emphasizes on biomarkers that have the potential to identify cancer progression, and it enlightens research in breast cancer biomarkers related to DCIS and IBC.
Distributional Effects of Corruption When Enforcement is Biased: Theory and Evidence from Bribery in Schools in Bangladesh

In many models of corruption where enforcement is unbiased and the official maximizes her income, the rich are more likely to pay bribes for their children's education, implying that corruption reduces educational inequality. We develop models of bribery that reflect the fact that, in developing countries, anti-corruption enforcement is not unbiased, and higher income of a household is associated with higher bargaining power and better quality of institutions. In models of biased enforcement, the rich are less likely to pay bribes, making bribery regressive. The OLS estimates of the effects of household income are likely to find spurious progressivity in the incidence of bribery in schools. We exploit temporary rainfall shocks to identify the ability to pay effect, while long-term rainfall differences identify the combined `poor people' and `poor area' effects. The IV estimates show that the poor are more likely to pay bribes, and the amount paid does not depend on household income. The evidence rejects the ability to pay and related models based on unbiased enforcement, and is consistent with the ``refusal to pay model'' of bargaining power where the rich decline to pay bribes. ``Free schooling'' is free only for the rich, and corruption makes the playing field skewed against the poor.
多系统萎缩;认知障碍;磁共振氢质子波谱 1 H-proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with multiple system atrophy and cognitive dysfunction

Objective: To detect metabolic changes of bilateral frontal lobe in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) and cognitive dysfunction by H-proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS). 收稿日期(Date of reception):2014-12-08 第一作者(First author):向小爽,Email: 1752900403@qq.com;侯漩为并列第一作者,Email: 839840611@qq.com 通信作者(Corresponding author):江泓,Email: jianghong73868@126.com 基金项目(Foundation item):国家自然科学基金(81271260,81471156);湖南省自然科学基金(14JJ1008);湖南省科学技术厅一般项目基金 (2013FJ3139)。 Th is work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81271260, 81471156), the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Fundation, P.R. China (14JJ1008), and the Science and Technology Department Foundation of Hunan Province, P. R. China (2013FJ3139). DOI:10.11817/j.issn. 1672-7347.2015. 06.011 www.csumed. org/xbwk/fi leup/PDF/201506639.pdf 中南大学学报 ( 医学版 ), 2015, 40(6) http://www.csumed. org 640 Methods: N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine(Cr), choline (Cho)/Cr, myoinositol (mI)/Cr in three sides of frontal lobe were detected by H-MRS in 48 healthy controls, 23 patients with MSA and cognitive dysfunction and 19 patients with MSA but without cognitive dysfunction. Results: NAA/Cr of bilateral frontal lobes in patients with MSA and cognitive dysfunction was significantly decreased compared with MSA patients without cognitive dysfunction and healthy controls (P<0.05). mI/Cr of right frontal lobes was significantly increased in patients with MSA and cognitive dysfunction compared with healthy controls (P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between NAA/Cr of bilateral frontal lobes and duration while a positive correlation between NAA/ Cr of bilateral frontal lobes and MoCA score in patients with MSA and cognitive dysfunction. Conclusion: There is a decrease in NAA/Cr and an increase in mI/Cr in frontal lobes in patients with MSA and cognitive dysfunction, which may be associated with cognitive dysfunction in MSA patients.
The “ Measurable ” of Tomorrow : Providing a Better Perspective on Complex Systems May 11-14 , 2015

This paper investigates to compare the Photoplythsmography (PPG) signals based on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) criteria for two different age groups. This paper demonstrates the variation of PPG and HRV signals for subjects of age group in the twenties and fifties. The so used Easy Pulse Sensor module making use of the photo sensing technique to collect the amount of infra red light passing through the respective body part (finger tip in this case). After processing this signal through a series of condition stages involving low pass and high pass filter, a noise free PPG signal of adequate level is produced. The shape, frequency components and amplitude of this PPG signal depend upon the physiological condition as well age. This signal is then further processed by using the Arduino based processing board for being interfaced to a PC for display on the Graphical User Interface (GUI). The results are clear indicative of the physical conditions and age groups. Keywords-PPG; HRV; Optical sensor; Kubios; HRV
MacroSS: macro-SIMDization of streaming applications

SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) engines are an essential part of the processors in various computing markets, from servers to the embedded domain. Although SIMD-enabled architectures have the capability of boosting the performance of many application domains by exploiting data-level parallelism, it is very challenging for compilers and also programmers to identify and transform parts of a program that will benefit from a particular SIMD engine. The focus of this paper is on the problem of SIMDization for the growing application domain of streaming. Streaming applications are an ideal solution for targeting multi-core architectures, such as shared/distributed memory systems, tiled architectures, and single-core systems. Since these architectures, in most cases, provide SIMD acceleration units as well, it is highly beneficial to generate SIMD code from streaming programs. Specifically, we introduce MacroSS, which is capable of performing macro-SIMDization on high-level streaming graphs. Macro-SIMDization uses high-level information such as execution rates of actors and communication patterns between them to transform the graph structure, vectorize actors of a streaming program, and generate intermediate code. We also propose low-overhead architectural modifications that accelerate shuffling of data elements between the scalar and vectorized parts of a streaming program. Our experiments show that MacroSS is capable of generating code that, on average, outperforms scalar code compiled with the current state-of-art auto-vectorizing compilers by 54%. Using the low-overhead data shuffling hardware, performance is improved by an additional 8% with less than 1% area overhead.
Non-Hebbian Learning Implementation in Light-Controlled Resistive Memory Devices

Non-Hebbian learning is often encountered in different bio-organisms. In these processes, the strength of a synapse connecting two neurons is controlled not only by the signals exchanged between the neurons, but also by an additional factor external to the synaptic structure. Here we show the implementation of non-Hebbian learning in a single solid-state resistive memory device. The output of our device is controlled not only by the applied voltages, but also by the illumination conditions under which it operates. We demonstrate that our metal/oxide/semiconductor device learns more efficiently at higher applied voltages but also when light, an external parameter, is present during the information writing steps. Conversely, memory erasing is more efficiently at higher applied voltages and in the dark. Translating neuronal activity into simple solid-state devices could provide a deeper understanding of complex brain processes and give insight into non-binary computing possibilities.
Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty in Sweden: a GARCH Modelling Approach

This essay investigates inflation and inflation uncertainty in Sweden from 1970:Q1 to 2014:Q4. GARCH models are used to generate a measure of inflation uncertainty estimated under the distributional assumption of Student's t-distribution and GED. The preferable model found for Swedish inflation was a EGARCH(1,1) estimated with Student's t-distribution. The coefficient of the asymmetry in the conditional variance of the Swedish inflation series was found to be negative, thereby implying that a positive shock to the Swedish inflation leads to less uncertainty about inflation. Relating these results to the two competing hypotheses about the causal relationship between inflation and its uncertainty, the results in this essay does not support the Friedman-Ball hypothesis. With regards to the Cukierman-Meltzer hypothesis, the results seem to support a version of this hypothesis put forward by Holland (1995), referred to as the "stabilisation hypothesis" (Less)
Risk ratings and stock prices : the causal nexus in BRICS countries

This paper investigates the nature of causal relations between risk (economic risk, financial risk and political risk) and stock prices in five BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa), applying the Granger causality test over a period of 20 years from 1992 to 2012. The study bridges a gap in the literature, as prior macroeconomic empirical investigation has been limited to a possible link between risk ratings and stock prices. Our modelling includes BRICS stock price indices and three risk ratings, namely economic risk ratings, financial risk ratings, and political risk ratings. To achieve our objective, two econometric methodologies were adopted: cross-country regressions and time series regressions. The empirical results of this study indicate that for Russia and China (and the BRICS counties as a group), there is a unidirectional causality between political risk and economic risk. Another noteworthy result was the fact that a unidirectional causality between economic risk and share prices were found for India and China (and the BRICS countries as a group), but not for the other countries under review. This indicates the important role that the stock market plays in the economies of India and China and hence provides an extra caution for prospective investors in these countries.
Targeting the Wnt signaling pathway in colorectal cancer

Introduction: The treatment of patients with advanced colorectal cancer still remains challenging, and identification of new target molecules and therapeutic avenues remains a priority. The great majority of colorectal cancers have mutations in one of two genes involved in the Wnt signaling pathway: the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and β-catenin (CTNNB1) genes. Up to now, however, no therapeutics for targeting this pathway have been established. Areas covered: This review article begins with a brief summary of Wnt signaling from the viewpoints of genetics, cancer stem cell biology, and drug development. We then overview current attempts to develop drugs directed at various components of the Wnt signaling pathway. Expert opinion: APC is a tumor suppressor, and therefore only downstream signal transducers of the APC protein can be considered as targets for pharmaceutical intervention. TRAF2 and NCK-interacting protein kinase (TNIK) was identified as the most downstream regulator of Wnt signaling by two independent research groups, and several classes of small-molecule inhibitors targeting this protein kinase have been developed. TNIK is a multifunctional protein with actions that extend beyond Wnt signaling regulation. Such TNIK inhibitors are expected to have a large variety of clinical applications.
Multiresolution image VQ compression by color codebook reordering

In this paper, a method to reach multiresolution VQ is proposed. A reordering process of color vectors from the codebook is performed. This yields to obtain an index image very close to the initial luminance image that can be obtained from any color image, but at a lower resolution. That way, the VQ technique can be applied once again on this new index image. In other words, a hierarchical and multiresolution VQ is defined. At each stage of the VQ compressed image, one is able to reconstruct it using the initial color codebook and the index one.A comparison of the proposed method and classical Hierarchical VQ (HVQ) scheme at different compression levels is performed to judge the performance and the robustness of the hybrid method. B oth objective and subjective measures are used.This work is a preliminary work to compress high dimension images at different levels.
LOCATION AND COMPOSITION OF SPORE MUCOPEPTIDE IN BACILLUS SPECIES

Spore integuments of Bacillus coagulans were prepared containing nearly all the hexosamine and α, ε-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) present in intact spores. Subsequent autolytic action resulted in the destruction and removal of the residual cortical structure and "cortical membrane" leaving the appearance of the inner and outer spore coats unchanged in electron micrographs. Concurrently, all the hexosamine and DAP in the preparation was released mainly as non-diffusible mucopeptide containing alanine, glutamic acid, DAP, and all the glucosamine and muramic acid. Some diffusible peptides containing alanine, glutamic acid, and DAP were also present but there was little protein or carbohydrate. Lysozyme digestion of integument preparations from heated spores of Bacillus 636, B. subtilis, B. coagulans, and B. stearothermophilus specifically removed the residual cortex and cortical membrane with the release of the mucopeptide. In B. cereus T, only the residual cortex and part of the mucopeptide were solubilized by lysozyme. The effect of several reagents and enzymes upon the appearance and removal of hexosamine from B. coagul ans spore integuments is reported. The results show that spore mucopeptide is mainly located in the residual cortex and cortical membrane and suggest that these structures consist essentially of mucopeptide. The implications of these results in relation to the "contractile cortex" theory of heat resistance in spores are discussed.
"Mehr Dinge zur gleichen Zeit"

Zusammenfassung. Insbesondere im Kontext der Nutzung ‘klassischer‘ Massenmedien sowie der Internetnutzung erfahrt die adaquate Messung simultaner Aktivitaten neue Aufmerksamkeit. Unterschiedliche Methoden der Erfassung von Nebenbeiaktivitaten im Bereich der Fernsehnutzung werden in diesem Beitrag gegenubergestellt und hinsichtlich ihrer Zielsetzungen und Qualitat diskutiert. Formen der Tagebuchmethode und der aktivitatsorientierten Befragung werden miteinander verglichen. Im Zentrum steht die Frage, ob eine adaquate Erfassung des Nebenbei-Fernsehens uberhaupt mit herkommlichen Befragungsmethoden erreicht werden kann, die bei den Teilnehmer/inne/n eine moglichst hohe Aufmerksamkeit wahrend der Dokumentation voraussetzen. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass mit unterschiedlichen Formen der Tagebuchmethode sowie der aktivitatsorientierten Befragung annahernd gleiche Ergebnisse erzielt werden, was die Dauer des Nebenbei-Fernsehens betrifft. Auf dieser Grundlage lassen sich allerdings kaum Aussagen zu Rezeptions-Qual.
An FPGA-based accelerator for multiple real-time template matching

Object tracking with multiple dense templates is a challenging problem in the context of continuous monitoring video cameras. Applications of the multiple match template technique range from tracking of multiple independent objects to several pose variations of a single object. Due to its high accuracy and tolerance to brightness and contrast changes, the zero mean normalized cross-correlation(ZNCC) was selected as similarity measure. This paper proposes an FPGA architecture that explores a full pipeline implementation and maximizes the internal data reuse to calculate several ZNCC-based template matching in an efficient approach. Experimental results shows that the proposed implementation achieves the real-time performance reaching up to 30fps running ten parallel ZNCCs in a single Stratix IV FPGA.
Recruitment and Training Issues from Selected Lay Health Advisor Programs among African Americans: A 20-Year Perspective

The use of lay health advisors (LHAs) to address the health disparity among African Americans is well documented and considered a culturally appropriate model of community health promotion. The recruitment and training of LHAs are important components of the model but have not been fully explored in the LHA literature. Recruitment and training of LHAs should reflect both the existing roles they have in their respective communities and those proposed by the programs to which they are recruited. This article reviews and describes the components of recruitment and training as implemented in selected LHA programs among African Americans. The article will address the role and purpose of LHAs in health promotion among African Americans, a historical perspective of recruitment and training, recruitment and training methods in selected LHAs programs for African Americans, and recommendations for the recruitment and training of LHAs for health promotion among African Americans.
Vagueness, Ambiguity, and the Cost of Mutual Understanding

We suggest that vague and ambiguous natural language is commonly used to serve the needs of the linguistic community. Specifically, some social dilemmas can he solved by variability in the participants’ behavior, which will occur among self-interested individuals only if they differentially interpret available information. Because imprecise communications are not understood identically by everyone, they benefit society in certain situations by facilitating heterogeneous choices. An experiment demonstrates that the frequency of vague communication increases in a controlled social setting when its use is beneficial for the group.
Low‐dose food contaminants trigger sex‐specific, hepatic metabolic changes in the progeny of obese mice

Environmental contaminants are suspected to be involved in the epidemic incidence of metabolic disorders, food ingestion being a primarily route of exposure. We hypothesized that life‐long consumption of a high‐fat diet that contains low doses of pollutants will aggravate metabolic disorders induced by obesity itself. Mice were challenged from preconception throughout life with a high‐fat diet containing pollutants commonly present in food (2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin, polychlorinated biphenyl 153, diethylhexyl phthalate, and bisphenol A), added at low doses in the tolerable daily intake range. We measured several blood parameters, glucose and insulin tolerance, hepatic lipid accumulation, and gene expression in adult mice. Pollutant‐exposed mice exhibited significant sex‐dependent metabolic disorders in the absence of toxicity and weight gain. In males, pollutants increased the expression of hepatic genes (from 36 to 88%) encoding proteins related to cholesterol biosynthesis and decreased (40%) hepatic total cholesterol levels. In females, there was a marked deterioration of glucose tolerance, which may be related to the 2‐fold induction of estrogen sulfotransferase and reduced expression of estrogen receptor α (25%) and estrogen target genes (> 34%). Because of the very low doses of pollutants used in the mixture, these findings may have strong implications in terms of understanding the potential role of environmental contaminants in food in the development of metabolic diseases. —Naville, D. , Pinteur, C. , Vega, N. , Menade, Y. , Vigier, M. , Le Bourdais, A. , Labaronne, E. , Debard, C. , Luquain‐Costaz, C. , Bégeot, M. , Vidal, H. , Le Magueresse‐Battistoni, B. , Low‐dose food contaminants trigger sex‐specific, hepatic metabolic changes in the progeny of obese mice. FASEB J. 27, 3860–3870 (2013). www.fasebj. org
Therapeutic Hypothermia and Neuroprotection in Acute Neurological Disease.

Therapeutic hypothermia has consistently been shown to be a robust neuroprotectant in many labs studying different models of neurological disease. Although this therapy has shown great promise, there are still challenges at the clinical level that limit the ability to apply this routinely to each pathological condition. In order to overcome issues involved in hypothermia therapy, understanding of this attractive therapy is needed. We review methodological concerns surrounding therapeutic hypothermia, introduce the current status of therapeutic cooling in various acute brain insults, and review the literature surrounding the many underlying molecular mechanisms of hypothermic neuroprotection. Because recent work has shown that body temperature can be safely lowered using pharmacological approaches, this method may be an especially attractive option for many clinical applications. Since hypothermia can affect multiple aspects of brain pathophysiology, therapeutic hypothermia also could be considered a neuroprotection model in basic research, which would be used to identify potential therapeutic targets. We discuss how research in this area carries the potential to improve outcome from a various acute neurological disorders.
Formation of single-crystalline CuS at the organic–aqueous interface

We report here the results of a study to understand the formation mechanism of single crystals of the transition metal chalcogenide, CuS, at the water–toluene interface through an interfacial reaction. Systematic measurements carried out using synchrotron x-ray scattering, electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and calorimetric techniques clearly show that nano-crystallites of CuS form within a few minutes at the interface as the reagents are brought from the organic (upper) and aqueous (lower) layers to the interface, then crystallization of CuS proceeds over a few hours only by reorganization, despite the large excess available in both upper and lower liquid phases. The interface confinement and passivation by organics is critical here in the formation of single crystals having sizes of 6 and 200 nm along the normal and in-plane directions of the liquid–liquid interface.