Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Une bijection entre les polyominos convexes dirigés et les mots de Dyck bilatères

Nous appliquons la methodologie DSV, introduite par Schutzenberger, pour expliquer un resultat de Lin et Chang relatif a l'enumeration des polyominos convexes diriges selon le perimetre : le nombre de polyominos convexes diriges de perimetre 2n+4 est le coefficient binomial ( n 2n ). Cette methodologie consiste a construire un codage de ces polyominos par les mots d'un langage algebrique. En fait, ce langage est ici le langage de Dyck bilatere (sur deux lettres)
Sample Attrition in the Canadian Survey of Labor and Income Dynamics

This paper provides an analysis of the effects of attrition and non-response on employment and wages using the Canadian Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics. We consider a structural model composed of three freely correlated equations for non-attrition/response, employment and wages. The model is estimated using microdata from 22,990 individuals who provided sufficient information in the first wave of the 1996-2001 panel. The main findings of the paper are that attrition is not random. Attritors and non-respondents likely are less attached to employment and come from low-income population. The correlation between non-attrition and employment is positive and statistically significant, though small. Also, wage estimates are biased upwards. Observed wages are on average higher than wages that would be observed if all the individuals initially selected in the panel remained in the sample.
Suppression of multi‐drug resistance gene expression in the mouse liver by 1,4‐bis[2,(3,5‐dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene

P‐glycoproteins encoded by the (multi‐drug resistance) mdr genes play a central role in the resistance of tumor cells to a wide range of anti‐cancer drugs. Modulation of P‐glycoprotein function could therefore provide a means of sensitising tumor cells to chemotherapy. Studies in this context have centred around the use of compounds which antagonise the P‐glycoprotein membrane transport system. To investigate the possibility of modulating P‐glycoprotein expression at a transcriptional level, we investigated the effects of hormonal factors and cytochrome P450‐inducing agents on hepatic expression of murine mdr I, mdr 2 and mdr 3. Hepatic mdr 2 and mdr 3 expressions were significantly suppressed in hypophysectomised animals, indicating that pituitary hormones activate the hepatic expression of these genes. Many of the foreign compounds and anti‐cancer drugs tested did not significantly induce mdr 1, 2 or 3 expression. However, it was of particular interest that a potent cytochrome P450 inducer, 1,4‐bis[2‐(3,5‐dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene, almost completely suppressed hepatic mdr 2 and 3 expressions.
Pneumocystis pneumonia--Los Angeles.

This article describes 5 cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurring in homosexual men in Los Angeles California. All 5 patients had previous or current cytomegalovirus and candidal mucosal infection. The men 2 of whom have died ranged from 29-36 years of age. The patients did not know each other and had no known common contacts or knowledge of sexual partners with similar illnesses. The 5 did not have comparable histories of sexually transmitted disease. 4 had serologic evidence of past hepatitis B infection but no evidence of current hepatitis B surface antigen. 2 of the men reported frequent homosexual contact with various partners. All 5 reported use of inhalant drugs. The 3 patients in whom lymphocyte studies were performed had profoundly depressed in vitro proliferative responses to mitogens and antigens. The occurrence of pneumocystosis in these 5 previously healthy men without a clinically apparent underlying immunodeficiency is unusual but seems to reflect some association with a homosexual lifestyle or disease acquired through sexual contact. Cytomegalovirus infection has been shown to induce transient abnormalities of in vitro cellular immune function in healthy homosexual men with and without antibody and a high prevalence of cytomegalovirus infections has been reported among male homosexuals. In additon there is some evidence that seminal fluid may be an important vehicle of cytomegalovirus transmission. Although the role of cytomegalovirus infection in the pathogenesis of pneumocystosis reamins unknown the possibility of P. carinii infection should be carefully considered in previously healthy homosexuals with dyspnea and pneumonia.
Maple Syrup Urine Disease Variant Form: Presentation with Psychomotor Retardation and CT Scan Abnormalities

ABSTRACT. A female infant with an intermediate variant of maple syrup urine disease is described. The patient had psychomotor retardation and high plasma levels of branched chain aminoacids. Leucine decarboxylation rate in leukocytes was diminished. Cranial computed tomography showed decreased density in the cerebral white matter. After starting dietary treatment the infant resumed her psychomotor development and the abnormal images previously seen on computed tomography disappeared.
Introduction to Special Section: Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project

Intraplate or "hot spot" volcanic island chains, exemplified by Hawaii, play an important role in plate tectonic theory as reference points for absolute plate motions, but the origin of these volcanoes is not explained by the plate tectonic paradigm [Engebretson et al., 1985; Molnar and Stock, 1987; Morgan, 1971, 1981, 1983; Wilson, 1963]. The most widely held view is that these chains of volcanoes form from magma generated by decompression melting of localized, buoyant upwellings in the mantle [Ribe and Christensen, 1994; Richards et al., 1988; Sleep, 1990; Watson and McKenzie, 1991] . These upwellings, or "plumes," are believed to originate at boundary layers in the mantle (e.g., at the core-mantle boundary or near the boundary at-670 km between the upper and lower mantle), and the cause of the buoyancy may be both compositional and thermal [Campbell and Griffiths, 1990; Griffiths, 1986; Richards et al., 1988; Watson and McKenzie, 1991]. Mantle plumes are responsible for about 10% of the Earth's heat loss and constitute an important mechanism for cycling mass from the deep mantle to the Earth's surface. Studies of the chemical and isotopic compositions of lavas from intraplate volcanoes, especially ocean island volcanoes, have contributed significantly to our knowledge of magma genesis in the mantle [Carmichael et al., 1974; Macdonald et al., 1983] and the compositional heterogeneity of the mantle [Allegre et al., 1983; Hart, 1988; Hart et al., 1986; Kurz et al., 1983]. Of particular importance is the identification of distinct compositional end members in the mantle, the origin and distribution of which provide insight into the long-term differentiation of the mantle-crust system, the recycling of oceanic crust and continental sediment into the mantle, and the history of the lithosphere [Allegre et al., 1995; Farley et al., 1992; Hart, 1988; Hofmann and White, 1982; McKenzie and O'Nions, 1983; Weaver, 1991; Zindler and Hart, 1986].
Social Aspects of CSCL Environments: A Research Framework

Although there are research findings supporting the positive effects of computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL), problems have been reported regarding the learning process itself, group formation, and group dynamics. These problems can be traced back to impeded social interaction between group members. Social interaction is necessary (a) for group members to learn from each other in a CSCL environment and (b) for socioemotional processes to help create a social space where trust, sense of community, and strong interpersonal relationships exist. This article introduces a theoretical framework consisting of three core elements: sociability, social space, and social presence, along with their relationships with group members’ mental models, social affordances and learning outcomes. It postulates that the three core elements influence the social interaction needed for both learning and the emergence of a social space. This framework serves as a basis for a research agenda for systematic social CSCL research.
Predictors of Hospital Admission Two Months after Emergency Department Evaluation of COPD Exacerbation

Background: Limited information is available regarding the factors related to short-term hospital admission following an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (eCOPD). Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify variables related to short-term admission in patients with an eCOPD. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of patients with an eCOPD who attended an emergency department (ED) at 1 of 16 hospitals. Information on possible predictor variables was recorded during the ED stay, 24 h after admission to the hospital or after ED discharge home, and at hospital discharge or 1 week later if discharged home from the ED. An admission after an eCOPD within 2 months was the outcome of interest. Multivariate models were employed for patients admitted to the hospital or discharged home from the ED. Results: For patients discharged home from the ED, eCOPD-related hospital admissions in the previous year [odds ratio (OR) 1.98 and 2.33], pCO2 at ED admission (ORs 2.02 and 2.90), the number of ED visits within 1 week of the index ED visit (OR 5.14) and dyspnea level 1 week after the index ED visit (ORs 2.66 and 1.40) were predictors of short-term admission [area under the curve (AUC) 0.82]. For patients admitted to the hospital during the index ED visit, baseline FEV1% (ORs 1.32 and 1.88), eCOPD-related hospital admissions in the previous year (ORs 1.28 and 2.51), severe baseline dyspnea (OR 2.57) and dyspnea level 1 week after the index ED visit (ORs 2.15 and 1.74) were predictors of short-term readmission (AUC 0.73). Conclusions: Just a few easily recorded parameters may allow clinicians to identify patients at a higher risk of short-term readmission and establish preventive strategies.
Folic Acid in Obstetric Practice: A Review

Folic acid is one of the B complex vitamins and is now recognized as a major component of the periconceptional care of women in the reproductive age group. Deficiency of folic acid can lead to neural tube defects in the fetus and megaloblastic anemia in the mother. Due to its lower bioavailability from natural foods, many countries have adopted mandatory folic acid food fortification programs. Although these programs have been a public health triumph in reducing the burden of neural tube defects, there have been growing concerns about the role played by folic acid supplementation in the rising colon cancer rates over the past decade. The majority of the evidence available to date is reassuring, and until further long-term population as well as laboratory studies are completed, folic acid will continue to play a vital role in early pregnancy care. It is important for healthcare professionals to be aware of the recent evidence that has accumulated, suggesting higher folic acid requirements in certain groups of women and offer correct advice on the use of folic acid supplements. This review looks at some of the existing evidence on folic acid supplementation and summarizes the recommendations on the use of folic acid supplements by obstetricians, family physicians, and others providing prenatal care. Target Audience: Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Family physicians Learning Objectives: After completing this CME activity, physicians should be better able to evaluate the need for folic acid supplementation in various patient groups to lower the risk of neural tube defects due to folate deficiency; recommend common, natural and fortified food sources rich in folic acid; and distinguish the effects of folate deficiency in the mother and fetus.
Controlling impedance at the man/machine interface

Recent work on the dynamics of interactions between humans and machined is reviewed. An experimental apparatus for simulating virtual environments and investigating the man/machine interface is described. Relevant experiments on the mechanical impedance of the human arm are reviewed. Despite active neuromuscular feedback control, the human arm exhibits the impedance of a passive object. Preliminary results of some experiments on the adaptability of human arm impedance are presented. These results indicate limitation in the rapidity of parameter adaptation in humans. <<ETX>>
The structure of the graviton self-energy at finite temperature

We study the graviton self-energy function in a general gauge, using a hard thermal loop expansion which includes terms proportional to T^4, T^2 and log(T). We verify explicitly the gauge independence of the leading T^4 term and obtain a compact expression for the sub-leading T^2 contribution. It is shown that the logarithmic term has the same structure as the ultraviolet pole part of the T=0 self-energy function. We argue that the gauge-dependent part of the T^2 contribution is effectively canceled in the dispersion relations of the graviton plasma, and present the solutions of these equations.
X-linked locus associated with hypertensive renal disease susceptibility in Dahl rats

Objective There is increasing evidence that genetic factors contribute to renal disease susceptibility associated with essential hypertension. To what extent these genetic factors act independently of hypertension susceptibility remains undetermined. The present study was undertaken to assess the potential chromosome X influence on target organ renal disease in the Dahl rat model of salt-sensitive hypertension. Subjects and methods Dahl S, Dahl R, F1(RXS), F1(SXR) and F2(RXS) rat male populations were phenotyped for hypertensive renal disease by measuring the percent of incidence of the Grade IV Raij renal pathology score. Six chromosome X markers informative for our (RXS) intercross were analyzed in our F2 rat population (n = 105) for co-segregation with hypertensive renal disease and blood pressure characterized by radiotelemetry. Results Comparison of the incidence of renal disease (histologically determined) between F1 reciprocal intercross male progenies reveals a significant chromosome X effect on renal disease [percent incidence of Grade IV Raij renal pathology score in F1 (R female × S male) male rats = 2.75 ± 0.66, and in F1 (S female × R male) male rats = 0.67 ± 0.42; P = 0.02]. QTL analysis on an F2(RXS) male population phenotyped for renal disease susceptibility (percent incidence of Grade IV Raij renal pathology score) detects significant linkage to DXRat98 (likelihood ratio statistic = 9.4, P = 0.00223) on chromosome X, corroborating X-linkage of renal disease susceptibility in Dahl rats. Conclusions Our results demonstrate the existence of an X-linked locus associated with hypertensive renal disease susceptibility in Dahl rats. Furthermore, the chromosome X markers tested did not co-segregate with hypertension, indicating that the gene(s) on chromosome X influence renal disease susceptibility independent of blood pressure.
Sustainable heritage management practices at visited heritage sites in Devon and Cornwall

Sustainability is a key challenge facing society in the twenty-first century, although its implementation at heritage sites can present some significant challenges for the custodians. This paper investigates progress in the adoption of sustainable practices in the management of a sample of 416 heritage properties and sites in Devon and Cornwall. The findings are based on the compilation of an inventory of selected heritage resources; an extensive questionnaire survey of managers of historic houses, churches and museums, which investigated the extent of, and opinions about, sustainable management approaches; and targeted, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with a small number of heritage managers that probed key issues in greater depth. The results indicate that very few heritage sites produce sufficient surpluses to facilitate investment in sustainable practices that might ultimately enhance their financial viability and fund enhanced conservation activities. It is argued that future strategies for the management of heritage resources must therefore not only deal with capacity-building, such as access to information and training on sector-specific sustainable management, but also address institutional factors governing heritage in the UK, such as strategic leadership, the most effective models for governance and funding mechanisms for sustainability, and the creation of local and regional heritage networks.
Natural language question answering over RDF data

As more and more RDF data becomes available, such as DBpedia, Yago and Freebase, it is desired to provide users with simple interfaces to access the datasets. Although the SPARQL query language is a standard way to query RDF data, it remains tedious and difficult even for expert users because of the formality of the language and the complexity of the underlying schema of RDF data. An ideal system should allow users to express queries in their own languages. In this work, we propose a methodology to translate natural language questions into SPARQL queries, which can be answered by existing RDF engines and fulfill users? information need.
Cognitive screening of nursing home residents: Factor structure of the modified mini‐mental state (3MS) examination

We examined factor structures of the Modified Mini‐Mental State Examination in a sample of nursing home residents (N=892; observation‐to‐variable ratio 59.5:1). Using principal components analysis and orthogonal equamax rotation, a five‐factor structure was derived. This solution, which explained 58.9% of the variance, consisted of the following factors: psychomotor skills, memory, identification and association, orientation, and concentration and calculation. This factor solution shows that, notwithstanding previous claims to the contrary, cognitive screening tests may be able to make stable and independent distinctions between psychomotor and perceptual‐organizational processes. The factors derived map well onto commonly recognized dimensions of neurocognitive ability. The proposed five‐factor solution offers a stable, intuitively sound, and statistically supported framework for differentiation of cognitive screening data into independent dimensions.
KAON SERVER - A Semantic Web Management System

The growing use of ontologies in applications creates the need for an infrastructure that allows developers to more easily combine different software modules like ontology stores, editors, or inference engines towards comprehensive ontology-based solutions. We call such an infrastructure Ontology Software Environment. The papers discusses requirements and design issues of such an Ontology Software Environment. In particular, we present this discussion in light of the ontology and (meta)data standards that exist in the Semantic Web and present our corresponding implementation, the KAON SERVER.
Prevalence and clinical features of psoriatic arthritis and joint complaints in 2009 patients with psoriasis: results of a German national survey

Background Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory disorder characterized by the association of arthritis with psoriasis. Patients with PsA may have a heterogeneous and variable clinical course. Evidence that affected patients can have significant radiographic joint damage, functional impairment, reduced quality of life and long‐term work disability is increasing.
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Measurement for Brain Activity Analysis during Ergometer Pedal Exercise

The goal of this research is to develop a rehabilitation system based on a brain-machine interface (BMI) for paraplegic patients. This requires the ability to detect a patient’s desire on the basis of his or her brain activity. In the work reported here, the authors used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure the brain activity of healthy subjects while they exercised on a bicycle ergometer. Analysis results showed that the oxy-Hb level increased at the start of the exercise. This variation in the oxy-Hb level occurred a few seconds after the start of exercise. On the basis of the analysis results, the authors considered a pedaling exercise state discrimination that uses the oxy-Hb level and its time derivative. The discrimination results for three healthy subjects showed over 72% accuracy. For a paraplegic patient’s pedal exercise imagery, this discrimination scheme still had 74% accuracy.
Polynomial constraint satisfaction problems, graph bisection, and the Ising partition function

We introduce a problem class we call Polynomial Constraint Satisfaction Problems, or PCSP. Where the usual CSPs from computer science and optimization have real-valued score functions, and partition functions from physics have monomials, PCSP has scores that are arbitrary multivariate formal polynomials, or indeed take values in an arbitrary ring. Although PCSP is much more general than CSP, remarkably, all (exact, exponential-time) algorithms we know of for 2-CSP (where each score depends on at most 2 variables) extend to 2-PCSP, at the expense of just a polynomial factor in running time. Specifically, we extend the reduction-based algorithm of Scott and Sorkin [2007]; the specialization of that approach to sparse random instances, where the algorithm runs in polynomial expected time; dynamic-programming algorithms based on tree decompositions; and the split-and-list matrix-multiplication algorithm of Williams [2004]. This gives the first polynomial-space exact algorithm more efficient than exhaustive enumeration for the well-studied problems of finding a maximum bisection of a graph, and calculating the partition function of an Ising model. It also yields the most efficient algorithm known for certain instances of counting and/or weighted Maximum Independent Set. Furthermore, PCSP solves both optimization and counting versions of a wide range of problems, including all CSPs, and thus enables samplers including uniform sampling of optimal solutions and Gibbs sampling of all solutions.
Girls’ Schooling Empowerment in Rural China: Identifying Capabilities and Social Change in the Village

This study proposes an elaboration of the human development capability approach by theorizing empowerment capabilities as an essential aspect of the education of excluded village girls. Seeking to explain Chinese village girls' demand for schooling, the article identifies intangible and instrumental capabilities that have often been overlooked and their indirect influence on social changes in gender roles, in the fertility and domestic transitions, accelerated educational attainment and urbanization. The linkage between village habitus and, one, the poor quality of basic and junior high education, and, two, the high cost of senior high school presented the greatest limitation, which cemented the urban-rural gap and inequality in urban employment. Policy to expand and regulate vocational secondary schools and non-formal skills education would counter the alarming increase in systemic rural-urban inequalities that disproportionately affect village girls and women, and would release pent up aspirations and agency of excluded village girls.
Multivalent, Biodegradable Polyglycerol Hydrogels

In this paper we describe the preparation of disulfide crosslinked polyglycerol hydrogels by the ring-opening crosslinking polymerization of glycerol and polyethylene glycol-based polyepoxides and Na2S2. Multivalent polyglycerol hydrogels were prepared by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of remaining epoxide functionalities. Additionally, a near infrared fluorescent dye was encapsulated in the hydrogel network. Our hydrogels show complete degradation in reducing environments and a controlled release of the fluorescence dye was observed. These hydrogels are interesting scaffolds for bioactive substances, which can be released, triggered by the hydrogel degradation.