Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The magnetic strip(s) in the advanced phases of stellar evolution - Theoretical convective turnover timescale and Rossby number for low- and intermediate-mass stars up to the AGB at various metallicities

Recent spectropolarimetric observations of otherwise ordinary G, K, and M giants revealed localized magnetic strips in the HRD coincident with the regions where the first dredge-up and core He-burning occur. We seek to understand the origin of magnetic fields in such late-type giant stars. In analogy with late-type dwarf stars, we focus primarily on parameters known to influence the generation of magnetic fields in the outer convective envelope. We compute the classical dynamo parameters along the evolutionary tracks of low- and intermediate-mass stars at various metallicities using stellar models that have been extensively tested by spectroscopic and asteroseismic observations. These include convective turnover timescales and convective Rossby numbers, computed from the PMS to the tip of the RGB or the early AGB. To investigate the effects of the very extended outer convective envelope, we compute these parameters both for the entire convective envelope and locally, that is, at different depths within the envelope. We also compute the turnover timescales and corresponding Rossby numbers for the convective cores of intermediate-mass stars on the main sequence. Our models show that the Rossby number of the convective envelope becomes lower than unity in the well-delimited locations of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram where magnetic fields have indeed been detected. We show that alpha-omega dynamo processes might not be continuously operating, but that they are favored in the stellar convective envelope at two specific moments along the evolution tracks, that is, during the first dredge-up at the base of the RGB and during central helium burning in the helium-burning phase and early-AGB. This general behavior can explain the so-called magnetic strips recently discovered by dedicated spectropolarimetric surveys of evolved stars.
CO2 infrared emission as a diagnostic of planet-forming regions of disks

Context. The infrared ro-vibrational emission lines from organic molecules in the inner regions of protoplanetary disks are unique probes of the physical and chemical structure of planet-forming regions and the processes that shape them. These observed lines are mostly interpreted with local thermal equilibrium (LTE) slab models at a single temperature. Aims. We aim to study the non-LTE excitation effects of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) in a full disk model to evaluate: (i) what the emitting regions of the different CO2 ro-vibrational bands are; (ii) how the CO2 abundance can be best traced using CO2 ro-vibrational lines using future JWST data and; (iii) what the excitation and abundances tell us about the inner disk physics and chemistry. CO2 is a major ice component and its abundance can potentially test models with migrating icy pebbles across the iceline.Methods. A full non-LTE CO2 excitation model has been built starting from experimental and theoretical molecular data. The characteristics of the model are tested using non-LTE slab models. Subsequently the CO2 line formation was modelled using a two-dimensional disk model representative of T Tauri disks where CO2 is detected in the mid-infrared by the Spitzer Space Telescope.Results. The CO2 gas that emits in the 15 μ m and 4.5 μ m regions of the spectrum is not in LTE and arises in the upper layers of disks, pumped by infrared radiation. The v 2 15 μ m feature is dominated by optically thick emission for most of the models that fit the observations and increases linearly with source luminosity. Its narrowness compared with that of other molecules stems from a combination of the low rotational excitation temperature (~ 250 K) and the inherently narrower feature for CO2 . The inferred CO2 abundances derived for observed disks range from 3 × 10-9 to 1 × 10-7 with respect to total gas density for typical gas/dust ratios of 1000, similar to earlier LTE disk estimates. Line-to-continuum ratios are low, in the order of a few percent, stressing the need for high signal-to-noise (S /N > 300) observations for individual line detections.Conclusions. The inferred CO2 abundances are much lower than those found in interstellar ices (~ 10-5 ), indicating a reset of the chemistry by high temperature reactions in the inner disk. JWST-MIRI with its higher spectral resolving power will allow a much more accurate retrieval of abundances from individual P - and R -branch lines, together with the 13 CO2 Q -branch at 15 μ m. The 13 CO2 Q -branch is particularly sensitive to possible enhancements of CO2 due to sublimation of migrating icy pebbles at the iceline(s). Prospects for JWST-NIRSpec are discussed as well.
Validation Criteria for PETCO2 Kinetics during the Hyperventilation Provocation Test in the Diagnosis of Idiopathic Hyperventilation Syndrome

Background: The hyperventilation provocation test (HPTest) is a diagnostic tool for idiopathic hyperventilation syndrome (HVS), encountered in some long-COVID patients. However, interpretation of the HPTest remains unclear regarding the relevant PETCO2 values to focus on and whether subjective symptoms should be considered. This study aimed to re-evaluate objective HPTest results for diagnosing HVS by determining accurate PETCO2 kinetics in two groups of patients previously screened via the Nijmegen questionnaire (NQ). Methods: The kinetics of PETCO2 during the HPTest were mathematically modeled and compared between 37 HVS patients (NQ ≥23/64) and 37 healthy controls (NQ <23/64) matched for gender, age, and body dimensions. AUC values with sensitivity and specificity were calculated, and analysis was monitored in a validation cohort of 152 routine HPTests. Results: A threshold value of a less than 12.8 mmHg increment of PETCO2 at the 5th minute of the recovery phase of the HPTest diagnosed HVS patients with excellent sensitivity (0.92) and specificity (0.84). These results were confirmed in the validation cohort, highlighting the presence of 24% false positives/negatives when diagnosing on the basis of complaints in the NQ. Conclusions: For HVS diagnosis, we suggest considering the HPTest, which can more reliably reflect the mechanisms of CO2 homeostasis and the response of the respiratory center to a stimulus, regardless of the subjective onset of symptoms.
Perturbation theories for the S = 1 2 spin ladder with a four-spin ring exchange

The isotropic S = ½ antiferromagnetic spin ladder with additional four-spin ring exchange is studied per-turbatively in the strong coupling regime with the help of cluster expansion technique, and by means of bosonization in the weak coupling limit. It is found that a sufficiently large strength of ring exchange leads to a second-order phase transition, and the shape of the boundary in the vicinity of the known exact transition point is obtained. The critical exponent for the gap is found to be η≃1, in agreement both with exact results available for the dimer line and with the bosonization analysis. The phase we determined after crossing the critical line is gapped and spontaneously dimerized. The results for the transition line from strong coupling and from weak coupling match with each other naturally.
Generating Maximal Entanglement between Spectrally Distinct Solid-State Emitters

Quantum entanglement is an important and often necessary resource for quantum information processing e.g. the measurement-based quantum computer [1]. Current protocols for generating entanglement between emitters assume near identical spectral properties [2–3], which is a major obstacle for using integrated solid-state emitters in photonic structures as a scalable platform. The solid-state emitters can vary significantly from one another in terms of both lifetimes and central energies due to imperfections during fabrication and therefore need to be tuned into resonance e.g. electrically [4]. The requirement for local tuning of emitters provides a barrier to scalability.
Attitudes towards staff mentoring by senior leaders of a College of Education in Ghana

ABSTRACT Ten interviews of senior leaders gave a clear picture about what they considered mentoring should be in a College of Education in Ghana – a coaching model of directive instruction and a hierarchical transfer of skills and knowledge. While mentoring was viewed as a central part of a training teacher’s course, funds, attitudes and workload did not allow for in-house mentoring of staff. These findings are discussed with observations of how gender and religious cultural expectation affected the responses of the senior leaders and how the management structure at the college may be inhibiting it from implementing a system of mentoring. This paper was written as a collaboration between educational lecturers in Ghana and the UK and brings a global perspective on the situation. It concludes with recommendations to managers of educational institutions to implement a mentoring structure and widen the definition of what it means to be a mentor.
Karhunen-Loève Eigenvalue Problems in Cosmology: How Should We Tackle Large Data Sets?

Since cosmology is no longer “the data-starved science,” the problem of how to analyze large data sets best has recently received considerable attention, and Karhunen-Loève eigenvalue methods have been applied to both galaxy redshift surveys and cosmic microwave background (CMB) maps. We present a comprehensive discussion of methods for estimating cosmological parameters from large data sets, which includes the previously published techniques as special cases. We show that both the problem of estimating several parameters jointly and the problem of not knowing the parameters a priori can be readily solved by adding an extra singular value decomposition step. It has recently been argued that the information content in a sky map from a next-generation CMB satellite is sufficient to measure key cosmological parameters (h, Ω, Λ, etc.) to an accuracy of a few percent or better—in principle. In practice, the data set is so large that both a brute force likelihood analysis and a direct expansion in signal-to-noise eigenmodes will be computationally unfeasible. We argue that it is likely that a Karhunen-Loève approach can nonetheless measure the parameters with close to maximal accuracy, if preceded by an appropriate form of quadratic “precompression. ” We also discuss practical issues regarding parameter estimation from present and future galaxy redshift surveys and illustrate this with a generalized eigenmode analysis of the IRAS 1.2 Jy survey optimized for measuring β ≡ Ω0. 6/b using redshift space distortions.
Scoring the Sit-to-Stand Performance of Parkinson’s Patients with a Single Wearable Sensor

Monitoring disease progression in Parkinson’s disease is challenging. Postural transfers by sit-to-stand motions are adapted to trace the motor performance of subjects. Wearable sensors such as inertial measurement units allow for monitoring motion performance. We propose quantifying the sit-to-stand performance based on two scores compiling kinematics, dynamics, and energy-related variables. Three groups participated in this research: asymptomatic young participants (n = 33), senior asymptomatic participants (n = 17), and Parkinson’s patients (n = 20). An unsupervised classification was performed of the two scores to differentiate the three populations. We found a sensitivity of 0.4 and a specificity of 0.96 to distinguish Parkinson’s patients from asymptomatic subjects. In addition, seven Parkinson’s patients performed the sit-to-stand task “ON” and “OFF” medication, and we noted the scores improved with the patients’ medication states (MDS-UPDRS III scores). Our investigation revealed that Parkinson’s patients demonstrate a wide spectrum of mobility variations, and while one inertial measurement unit can quantify the sit-to-stand performance, differentiating between PD patients and healthy adults and distinguishing between “ON” and “OFF” periods in PD patients is still challenging.
The density-matrix renormalization group

The density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) is a numerical algorithm for the efficient truncation of the Hilbert space of low-dimensional strongly correlated quantum systems based on a rather general decimation prescription. This algorithm has achieved unprecedented precision in the description of one-dimensional quantum systems. It has therefore quickly become the method of choice for numerical studies of such systems. Its applications to the calculation of static, dynamic, and thermodynamic quantities in these systems are reviewed here. The potential of DMRG applications in the fields of two-dimensional quantum systems, quantum chemistry, three-dimensional small grains, nuclear physics, equilibrium and nonequilibrium statistical physics, and time-dependent phenomena is also discussed. This review additionally considers the theoretical foundations of the method, examining its relationship to matrix-product states and the quantum information content of the density matrices generated by the DMRG.
A generalization of Norton's theorem

A general framework for aggregation and decomposition of product form queueing networks with state dependent routing and servicing is presented. By analogy with electrical circuit theory, the stations are grouped into clusters or subnetworks such that the process decomposes into a global process and a local process. Moreover, the local process factorizes into the subnetworks. The global process and the local processes can be analyzed separately as if they were independent. The global process describes the behaviour of the queueing network in which each cluster is aggregated into a single station, whereas the local process describes the behaviour of the subnetworks as if they are not part of the queueing network. The decomposition and aggregation method formalized in this paper allows us to first analyze the global behaviour of the queueing network and subsequently analyze the local behaviour of the subnetworks of interest or to aggregate clusters into single stations without affecting the behaviour of the rest of the queueing network. Conditions are provided such that: the global equilibrium distribution for aggregated clusters has a product form; this form can be obtained by merely monitoring the global behaviour; the computation of a detailed distribution, including its normalizing constant, can be decomposed into the computation of a global and a local distribution; the marginal distribution for the number of jobs at the stations of a cluster can be obtained by merely solving local behaviour. As a special application, Norton's theorem for queueing networks is extended to queueing networks with state dependent routing such as due to capacity constraints at stations or at clusters of stations and state dependent servicing such as due to service delays for clusters of stations.
Estimation of Functional Reserve in Patients with Hospital-Associated Deconditioning

Background: This study aimed to analyze the applicability of sit-to-stand (STS) muscle power tests for evaluating functional reserve in patients with hospital-associated deconditioning (HAD). Methods: This study is a single group preliminary observational study. STS tests were performed in the early stages of comprehensive rehabilitation treatment, and the interval changes in the clinical indicators were assessed after four weeks of clinical observation. A STS capacity ratio was estimated by the time duration of five STS repetitions (5r-STS) and the maximum number of STS repetitions over 30 s (30s-STS); the activities were measured using a three-dimension motion capture system and force plate. Results: After 4 weeks of comprehensive rehabilitation, the 10 m gait speed (p = 0.004), hand grip power (p = 0.022), hip extensor power (p = 0.002), Berg balance scale (p < 0.001), and modified Barthel index (MBI) (p = 0.001), respectively, were significantly improved. The force plate-derived (FPD) 30s-STS power and the number of repeats in the FPD 30s-STS showed a positive correlation with improvements in the hand grip power (Spearman’s Rho = 0.477, p = 0.045), hip extensor power (Spearman’s Rho = 0.482, p = 0.043), and MAI (Spearman’s Rho = 0.481, p = 0.043), respectively. The STS capacity ratio was correlated with higher improvements in the 10 m gait speed (Spearman’s Rho = 0.503, p = 0.034), hip extensor power (Spearman’s Rho = 0.494, p = 0.037), and MBI (Spearman’s Rho = 0.595, p = 0.009). Despite individual variability in the differences between the FPD and estimated STS power, the results for the correlation between the STS capacity ratio and clinical outcomes were consistent. Conclusions: The STS capacity ratio showed a positive correlation with the clinical outcomes, including gait speed, and may reflect a part of the functional reserve excluding the individual variability of performance.
Learning to Label Stack Exchange Questions

Many websites now allow users to create content for others to see. This results in content being added at a high rate making it difficult to navigate. To address this, websites have opted to allow tagging mechanisms to capture relevant topics or keywords of the content and attaching it. However, this brings new problems as users have to deal with the tagging, which becomes more difficult the more tags there are. Hence, research has focused on developing approaches that try to predict the tags that a given content may have. In particular, we use data from a Kaggle competition from StackOverflow to predict the tags of questions. We treat the data to improve our results (e.g. no stopwords, no HTML tags, use a specific wordvec set); and we use 2-layer and 3-layer LSTM architectures and evaluate our results with further restrictions on the input data like titles only or cropping questions at a given word-size. We are able to achieve a subset accuracy of 0.6557 that is significantly better than a baseline uni-gram and bi-gram approach that attains a 0.518 accuracy.
STRATEGI GURU DALAM MENDIDIK AKHLAK PESERTA DIDIK DI SEKOLAH DASAR

This research is aimed to find the teachers‘ strategies in educating the student’s moral in primary school. The research used a qualitative method with the case study approach. The research data source was gotten by doing the interview, using a set interview protocol with fifteen respondents-the teacher of Islamic education, Quran teacher and the students. The data was analyzed thematically by using the software qualitative Nvivo 12. Overall, the results of the research got five themes relate to the teachers‘strategies in educating morals, such as: Conducting weekly lectures, Set a good example at the school, Giving advice to the students individually, Teach the moral lesson at the school, and Giving a warning and punishment to the students that doing the bad thing. All of those strategies was done by the teachers based on the result of this research. It can be a reference to others in educating students‘moral.
Optimal User Scheduling in Multi Antenna System Using Multi Agent Reinforcement Learning

Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems have been gaining significant attention from the research community due to their potential to improve data rates. However, a suitable scheduling mechanism is required to efficiently distribute available spectrum resources and enhance system capacity. This paper investigates the user selection problem in Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO) environment using the multi-agent Reinforcement learning (RL) methodology. Adopting multiple antennas’ spatial degrees of freedom, devices can serve to transmit simultaneously in every time slot. We aim to develop an optimal scheduling policy by optimally selecting a group of users to be scheduled for transmission, given the channel condition and resource blocks at the beginning of each time slot. We first formulate the MU-MIMO scheduling problem as a single-state Markov Decision Process (MDP). We achieve the optimal policy by solving the formulated MDP problem using RL. We use aggregated sum-rate of the group of users selected for transmission, and a 20% higher sum-rate performance over the conventional methods is reported.
Valorization of Common (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) and Tartary (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) Buckwheat in Gluten-Free Polenta Samples: Chemical-Physical and Sensory Characterization

In recent years, increasing attention has been addressed to buckwheat, an interesting minor crop with an excellent nutritional profile that contributes to the sustainability and biodiversity of the agri-food system. However, the high content of rutin and quercitin present in this pseudocereal can elicit undesirable sensory properties, such as bitterness and astringency, that can limit its exploitation in food formulations. The aim of the present study was to characterize six gluten-free porridge-type formulations (called polenta) prepared using corn and buckwheat flour. Specifically, polenta samples were prepared adding common (CB) or Tartary buckwheat (TB) flour at 20% (CB20; TB20), 30% (CB30; TB30), and 40% (CB40; TB40) to corn flour. Product characterization included sensory and instrumental analyses (electronic tongue, colorimeter, and Texture Analyzer). Products containing Tartary buckwheat were darker, firmer, and characterized by a higher intensity of bitter taste and astringency than those prepared with common buckwheat. In this context, the impact of buckwheat species seems to be more important at 30% and 40% levels, suggesting that lower additions may mask the differences between the species. The gathered information could support the food industry in re-formulating products with buckwheat. Finally, findings about the relationship between instrumental and sensory data might be exploited by the food industry to decide/choose what indices to use to characterize new formulations and/or new products.
Improved Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Parameters Are Not Correlated with VO2peak or Running Economy and Are Not Affected by Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Endurance Runners

Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) is one of the most reliable parameters of exercise capacity; however, maximum effort is required to achieve this. Therefore, alternative, and repeatable submaximal parameters, such as running economy (RE), are needed. Thus, we evaluated the suitability of oxygen uptake efficiency (OUE), oxygen uptake efficiency plateau (OUEP) and oxygen uptake efficiency at the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (OUE@VAT) as alternatives for VO2peak and RE. Moreover, we evaluated how these parameters are affected by endurance training and supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids. A total of 26 amateur male runners completed a 12-week endurance program combined with omega-3 fatty acid supplementation or medium-chain triglycerides as a placebo. Before and after the intervention, the participants were subjected to a treadmill test to determine VO2peak, RE, OUE, OUEP and OUE@VAT. Blood was collected at the same timepoints to determine eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in erythrocytes. OUE correlated moderately or weakly with VO2peak (R2 = 0.338, p = 0.002) and (R2 = 0.226, p = 0.014) before and after the intervention, respectively. There was a weak or no correlation between OUEP, OUE@VAT, VO2peak and RE despite steeper OUE, increased OUEP and OUE@VAT values in all participants. OUE parameters cannot be treated as alternative parameters for VO2peak or RE and did not show changes following supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids in male amateur endurance runners.