Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review of basic Mathematical Transformation used in Image Processing

Mathematics is a very important tool to solve many engineering problems. Almost in every field of engineering mathematics play an important role. Digital Image Processing also such a field that use mathematics as an important tool such as array operation to store image in digital format, to perform geometrical changes in image geometrical transformations are used, in lossy image compression process frequency transformation play an important role. This paper deals with study of basic mathematical transformation (Geometric Transformation, Frequency Transformation) used in image processing.
Improvement of Performance Related to Cross Dataset Handwritten Recognition Based on Transfer Learning

Given the escalating diversity and intricacy of handwritten samples, it remains challenging to enhance the accuracy and robustness of recognition algorithms. This study proposed a solution to this problem by optimizing a pre-existing Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model for handwritten recognition us-ing a new dataset. Initially, the model was trained on the MNIST dataset. It was then fine-tuned using a self-collected dataset with diverse handwritten styles, employing transfer learning to capitalize on existing knowledge and alleviate the training load. This approach involved freezing certain layers in the pre-trained model to prevent overfitting and encourage more generalized feature extraction. The model exhibited high accuracy on the MNIST dataset, with a training accuracy of 99.07% and a testing accuracy of 99.29%. However, when tested on the self-collected dataset, the accuracy dropped to 11.89%. After applying transfer learning, the model achieved an improved testing accuracy of 38.46% on the self-collected dataset. Despite this improvement, the significant gap between training and testing accuracy indicated overfitting, suggesting the need for additional strategies to enhance model generalization. This study establishes a foundation for future work on improving CNN model performance on diverse handwritten digit datasets.
A Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Mitochondrial Peroxynitrite

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are pivotal signaling molecules that control a variety of physiological functions. As a member of the ROS family, peroxynitrite (ONOO−) possesses strong oxidation and nitrification abilities. Abnormally elevated levels of ONOO− can lead to cellular oxidative stress, which may cause several diseases. In this work, based on the rhodamine fluorophore, we designed and synthesized a novel small-molecule fluorescent probe (DH-1) for ONOO−. Upon reaction with ONOO−, DH-1 exhibited a significant fluorescence signal enhancement (approximately 34-fold). Moreover, DH-1 showed an excellent mitochondria-targeting capability. Confocal fluorescence imaging validated its ability to detect ONOO− changes in HeLa and RAW264.7 cells. Notably, we observed the ONOO− generation during the ferroptosis process by taking advantage of the probe. DH-1 displayed good biocompatibility, facile synthesis, and high selectivity, and may have potential applications in the study of ONOO−-associated diseases in biosystems.
Airway ciliated cells in adult lung homeostasis and COPD

Cilia are organelles emanating from the cell surface, consisting of an axoneme of microtubules that extends from a basal body derived from the centrioles. They are either isolated and nonmotile (primary cilia), or grouped and motile (motile cilia). Cilia are at the centre of fundamental sensory processes and are involved in a wide range of human disorders. Pulmonary cilia include motile cilia lining the epithelial cells of the conductive airways to orchestrate mucociliary clearance, and primary cilia found on nondifferentiated epithelial and mesenchymal cells acting as sensors and cell cycle keepers. Whereas cilia are essential along the airways, their regulatory molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood, resulting in a lack of therapeutic strategies targeting their structure or functions. This review summarises the current knowledge on cilia in the context of lung homeostasis and COPD to provide a comprehensive overview of the (patho)biology of cilia in respiratory medicine with a particular emphasis on COPD. Tweetable abstract This review describes the diversity of ciliated cells in the airways and highlights their origin, function, regulation and alteration in respiratory diseases such as COPD. https://bit.ly/46O1RO8
Arthroscopic and open approaches for autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis repair of the knee have similar results: a meta-analysis

Background: Cartilage defects are debilitating injuries that can reduce quality of life in patients. However, the poor regenerative properties of cartilage mean that cartilage repair remains challenging, and many methods have arisen to address that. Autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC ® ) is a popular technique to manage cartilage defects. Recent advances have allowed AMIC ® to be done arthroscopically, instead of a mini-open arthrotomy approach. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate whether the arthroscopic approach to AMIC ® provides better clinical outcomes than does the mini-open approach, in hopes of delineating a gold standard in cartilage repair. Methods: With reference to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines, a systematic search of the following databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) was performed on 26th October 2022 using a combination of the following search terms: “ autologous matrix induced ” , “ chondro-genesis ” , and “ knee ” . A total of 390 studies were identi ﬁ ed, of which, 24 studies were included in our ﬁ nal analysis. Results: The arthroscopic approach achieves lower Visual Analogue Scale for pain scores. The International Knee documentation Committee) score and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score were comparable between arthroscopic and open approaches. The open approach achieves a higher Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue score. Incidence of reported postoperative complications of revision surgery and knee stiffness was higher for the open approach than for the arthroscopic approach, whereas deep vein thrombosis was higher in the arthroscopic approach. Conclusion: The AMIC ® repair outcomes indicate that the arthroscopic approach does not hold a distinct advantage over the open approach. The choice of approach should consider surgeon expertise, location of lesion, and patient-speci ﬁ c factors. Level of evidence: Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level III.
A Case Study of Using Domain Analysis for the Conflation Algorithms Domain

This paper documents the domain engineering process for much of the conflation algorithms domain. Empirical data on the process and products of domain engineering were collected. Six conflation algorithms of four different types: three affix removal, one successor variety, one table lookup, and one n-gram were analyzed. Products of the analysis include a generic architecture, reusable components, a little language and an application generator that extends the scope of the domain analysis beyond previous generators. The application generator produces source code for not only affix removal type but also successor variety, table lookup, and n-gram stemmers. The performance of the stemmers generated automatically was compared with the stemmers developed manually in terms of stem similarity, source and executable sizes, and development and execution times. All five stemmers generated by the application generator produced more than 99.9% identical stems with the manually developed stemmers. Some of the generated stemmers were as efficient as their manual equivalents and some were not. IN the early 1980s software companies started the systematic reuse process through domain engineering to improve software productivity and quality. There has been insuffic ient empirical study of the domain engineering process and domain products such as reusable components and generators. This paper addresses this problem by documenting and empirically evaluating a domain engineering project for the conflation algorithms do main. This domain is important for many types of systems such as information retrieval systems, search engines, and word processors. The application generator developed for this study extends the domain scope compared to previous ones.
Physical exercise reduces physical disability and psychological suffering in patients with chronic low back pain: a quasi-experimental study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of segmental systemic stabilization in low back pain patients on the physical disability, psychological stress, and inflammatory profile of patients with Chronic Low Back Pain. We evaluated the effect of patients with Chronic Low Back Pain diagnosis (caused by spondylodiscoarthrosis and herniated lumbar disc) treated with segmental spine stabilization. Physical disability (performed by the Oswestry disability index), psychological distress (performed by patient health ques-tionnaire-9) and concentrations of IL-1  , pro-inflammatory, and IL-10, anti-inflammatory, in the plasma and culture supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (performed by ELISA) were evaluated before and at the end of the sessions of physiotherapy (16 sessions; twice a week with an average duration of 60 minutes). The patients with Chronic Low Back Pain who underwent spine stabilization exercises had a reduction of physical disability, psychological stress, an increase of IL-10 production and reduction of IL-1  production when compared to basal level. The regular practice of segmental spine stabilization exercises decreased physical disability
 Performance of 9T SRAM Cell using Boolean algebra and Arithmetic Operations

This work aims to implement the Boolean and Arithmetic functions with Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) Cell made by nine CMOS Transistor for In-Memory computation. Normally the Von-Neumann architecture is used for current computing system where data and programs are placed in a single memory by sharing and a single Bus is used for memory access, ALU and for controlling of program. This results in minimizing the efficiency of computing when there is high eminence on Data tactless applications. The Von-Neumann architecture is made more efficient by Computation in Memory (CIM) architecture which overcome the drawback of Memory barrier, the power utilization and in the resemblance of wall structure. Here is presented an inside the memory computation method and co-designs of arithmetic circuitry using 9T SRAM cell. The Boolean algebra and Arithmetic operations are illustrated with 9T SRAM cell designed by CMOS technology in 180 nm process. The Boolean algebra for AND-NAND, OR-NOR logic gates are illustrated using 9T SRAM cells with the Latch type sense amplifier to verify the capability of computation in Memory of 9T SRAM cell. To illustrate the arithmetic circuit an array of memory has been made by the 9T SRAM cell and proposed sensing amplifier which is latch type and finally is mapped with circuit of half-adder and half-subtraction.
Transient CD4+ T cell depletion during suppressive ART reduces the HIV reservoir in humanized mice

Lifelong treatment is required for people living with HIV as current antiretroviral therapy (ART) does not eradicate HIV infection. Latently infected cells are essentially indistinguishable from uninfected cells and cannot be depleted by currently available approaches. This study evaluated antibody mediated transient CD4+ T cell depletion as a strategy to reduce the latent HIV reservoir. Anti-CD4 antibodies effectively depleted CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood and tissues of humanized mice. We then demonstrate that antibody-mediated CD4+ T cell depletion of HIV infected ART-suppressed animals results in substantial reductions in cell-associated viral RNA and DNA levels in peripheral blood cells over the course of anti-CD4 antibody treatment. Recovery of CD4+ T cells was observed in all tissues analyzed except for the lung 26 days after cessation of antibody treatment. After CD4+ T cell recovery, significantly lower levels of cell-associated viral RNA and DNA were detected in the tissues of anti-CD4 antibody-treated animals. Further, an 8.5-fold reduction in the levels of intact HIV proviral DNA and a 3.1-fold reduction in the number of latently infected cells were observed in anti-CD4-antibody-treated animals compared with controls. However, there was no delay in viral rebound when ART was discontinued in anti-CD4 antibody-treated animals following CD4+ T cell recovery compared with controls. Our results suggest that transient CD4+ T cell depletion, a long-standing clinical intervention that might have an acceptable safety profile, during suppressive ART can reduce the size of the HIV reservoir in humanized mice.
BVOC emissions and SOA burden in a global aerosol-climate model

It has been reported that different land cover representations influence the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) (e.g. Guenther et al., 2006). But the land cover forcing used in model simulations is quite uncertain (e.g. Jung et al., 2006). As a consequence the simulated emission of BVOCs depends on the applied land cover map. To test the sensitivity of global and regional estimates of BVOC emissions on the applied land cover map we applied 3 different land cover maps into our global aerosol-climate model ECHAM6-HAM2.2. We found a high sensitivity for tropical regions. BVOCs are a very prominent precursor for the production of Secondary Organic Aerosols (SOA). Therefore the sensitivity of BVOC emissions on land cover maps impacts the SOA burden in the atmosphere. With our model system we are able to quantify that impact.
Sex-dependent effects of Canagliflozin on kidney protection in mice with combined hypertension-type 1 diabetes

Canagliflozin (CANA) is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with blood glucose lowering effects. CANA also promotes kidney protection in patients with cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes (T2D), as well as in normoglycemic patients with hypertension or heart failure. Clinical studies, although conduct in both sexes, do not report sex-dependent differences in T2DM treated with CANA. However, the impact of CANA in type 1 diabetes, as well in sex-dependent outcomes in such cohort needs further understanding. To analyze the effects of CANA in mice with combined hypertension and type 1 diabetes, diabetes was induced by STZ injection (5 days, 50mg/kg/day) in both male and female 8 weeks old genetic hypertensive mice (Lin), whereas the control (Lin) received 0.1M sodium citrate injections. 8 weeks after STZ. Mice were fed either regular or CANA-infused diet for 4 weeks. 8 weeks after STZ, hyperglycemia was present in both male and female mice. CANA reversed BG increase mice fed regular diet. Male LinSTZ mice had elevated water intake, urine output, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), kidney lesion score, and creatinine clearance compared to the Lin control group. Kidney injury was improved in male LinSTZ + CANA group in male mice. Water intake and urine output were not statistically significantly different in female LinSTZ compared to female LinSTZ+ CANA. Moreover, CANA did not improve kidney injury in female mice, showing no effect in creatinine clearance, lesion score and fibrosis when compared to LinSTZ fed regular diet. Here we show that Canagliflozin might exert different kidney protection effects in male compared to female mice with hypertension and type 1 diabetes. Sex-dimorphisms were previously found in the pathophysiology of diabetes induced by STZ. Therefore, we highlight the importance of in-depth investigation on sex-dependent effects of CANA, taking in consideration the unique characteristics of disease progression for each sex.
CORRECTION AND DENSIFICATION OF UAS-BASED PHOTOGRAMMETRIC THERMAL POINT CLOUD

Abstract. Photogrammetric processing algorithms can suffer problems due to either the initial image quality (noise, low radiometric quality, shadows and so on) or to certain surface materials (shiny or textureless objects). This can result in noisy point clouds and/or difficulties in feature extraction. Specifically, dense point clouds which are generated with photogrammetric method using a lightweight thermal camera, are more noisy and sparse than the point clouds of high-resolution digital camera images. In this paper, new method which produces more reliable and dense thermal point cloud using the sparse thermal point cloud and high resolution digital point cloud was considered. Both thermal and digital images were obtained with UAS (Unmanned Aerial System) based lightweight Optris PI 450 and Canon EOS 605D camera images. Thermal and digital point clouds, and orthophotos were produced using photogrammetric methods. Problematic thermal point cloud was transformed to a high density thermal point cloud using image processing methods such as rasterizing, registering, interpolation and filling. The results showed that the obtained thermal point cloud - up to chosen processing parameters - was 87% more densify than the original point cloud. The second improvement was gained at the height accuracy of the thermal point cloud. New densified point cloud has more consistent elevation model while the original thermal point cloud shows serious deviations from the expected surface model.
NMDA receptor-mediated calcium inﬂux plays an essential role in myoblast fusion

Ca 2+ inﬂux is known to be prerequisite for myoblast fusion during skeletal muscle diﬀerentiation. Here, we show that the N -methyl- DD -aspartate (NMDA) receptor is involved in the Ca 2+ inﬂux of C2C12 myoblasts. NMDA receptor (NR) 1 and NR2D were expressed in the myoblasts during muscle diﬀerenti-ation. Using Ca 2+ imaging analysis, Ca 2+ inﬂux through NRs was directly measured at a single-cell level. LL -Glutamate increased myoblast fusion as well as intracellular Ca 2+ levels, and both eﬀects were completely blocked by MK801, a selective antagonist of NRs. Furthermore, treatment with the Ca 2+ ionophore A23187 recovered MK801-mediated inhibition of myo-blast fusion. These results suggest that the NRs may play an important role in myoblast fusion by mediating Ca 2+ inﬂux.
Stressors, Coping Strategies, and Achievement During Teaching Practicum in a Nigerian Public University

Objectives: This study assessed pre-service teacher stressors, coping strategies, and achievement during teaching practicum in a Nigerian public university. Method: The study adopted the quantitative case study approach. The population consisted of all 300-level students in the faculty of education in the university who had completed their teaching practicum for the first semester of the 2020
University of Memphis Digital Commons University of Memphis Digital Commons

Philosophers, psychologists and neuroscientists have proposed various forms of a “self” in humans and animals. All of these selves seem to have a basis in some form of consciousness. The Global Workspace Theory (GWT) [1 - 3] suggests a mostly unconscious, many layered self-system. In this paper we consider several issues that arise from attempts to include a self-system in a software agent/cognitive robot. We explore these issues in the context of the LIDA model [4], [15] which implements the Global Workspace Theory.
Relationship between ENSO Cycle and Abundant or Low Runoff in the Upper Yellow River

El Nino phenomenon is a strong signal of global weather change, and it only occurs in the Equator Pacific Ocean. However, its effect exceeds far away. According analysis to historical data El Nino phenomenon has appeared 14 times in this area since 1950's, in which the one taking place in 1997 is the strongest in the 20th century. Affected by the El Nino phenomenon in1997, it happens in 1997-1998 that the climate of the areas between from the Northern Hemisphere to the Southern Hemisphere, from Africa to Latin America changed sorely. To a great extent, the floods of the Yantse River happened in 1954 and in 1998 have some relations with the El Nino phenomenon occurred in 1951-1953 and in 1997-1998. Because of the Yellow River and the Yantse River both originated from the northeast Tibetan Plateau, then what are the responses of the precipitation and runoff in the Yellow River to El Nino phenomenon? We conclude that El Nino Phenomenon should have a close relationship with the precipitation and runoff in the Yellow River basin, and El Nino Phenomenon is the main reason bringing on the runoff in the Yellow River decreasing continuously during the period from 1920 to 1930 and since 1990 based on a large of measured data. So the influence of El Nino phenomenon to the runoff in the upper Yellow River above the Tangnag Hydrometric Station and the climate features at Tibetan Plateau are analyzed and discussed. The results show that El Nino phenomenon is one of the main factors affecting runoff in the Yellow River above the Tangnag, undoubtedly. As a result, studying the responses of runoff to the El Nino phenomenon is of very important significance to long-term runoff prediction and water resources use etc for all. In the upper Yellow River if El Nino phenomenon occurs in winter of last year or in spring of this year, the probability happening the low-flow is large in the year; if El Nino phenomenon occurs in summer, the high-flow year may be happen, and the probability happening low-flow in the next year is larger. The longer the continuous period of El Nino, the lower the runoff is. If El Nino ends in spring, the probability happening dry year will be larger. If El Nino ends in summer, the high-flow year may happen in this year. If La Nina phenomenon occurs in this year, the high-flow year may happen, and perhaps the larger floods will occurs in this year or the next year.
Reproduction of Endangered Big-Headed Turtle, Reproduction of Endangered Big-Headed Turtle, Platysternon megacephalum (Reptilia: Testudines: Platysternidae) (Reptilia: Testudines: Platysternidae)

; The big-headed turtle ( Platysternon megacephalum ) is heavily harvested to support tremendous demands from food and pet markets, and thus its ecology remains poorly understood. The presence of self-sustaining populations in Hong Kong (22°09’-22°37’N, 113°50’-114°30’E) provides important opportunities to advance our understanding of this species. We employed mark-recapture surveying, radio-tracking of two gravid females, and directed streamside searches to document the reproductive ecology of the species between September 2009 and June 2011 in Hong Kong. We found seven gravid females between 20-27 June 2010 and 2011, and which subsequently oviposited on average three eggs (range 2-8), with mean length and width of 36 mm and 21 mm, in early July. There was positive correlation between the size of females and clutch sizes. We found one clutch in leaf litter 1.6 m away from the stream, which hatched between 14 to 18 October. The incubation period was estimated to be between 103 and 110 days. The results of this study provide important information to formulate conservation plan for this endangered species.