Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phased-MIMO Radar: A Tradeoff Between Phased-Array and MIMO Radars

We propose a new technique for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with colocated antennas which we call phased-MIMO radar. The new technique enjoys the advantages of the MIMO radar without sacrificing the main advantage of the phased-array radar which is the coherent processing gain at the transmitting side. The essence of the proposed technique is to partition the transmit array into a number of subarrays that are allowed to overlap. Then, each subarray is used to coherently transmit a waveform which is orthogonal to the waveforms transmitted by other subarrays. Coherent processing gain can be achieved by designing a weight vector for each subarray to form a beam towards a certain direction in space. Moreover, the subarrays are combined jointly to form a MIMO radar resulting in higher angular resolution capabilities. Substantial improvements offered by the proposed phased-MIMO radar technique as compared to the phased-array and MIMO radar techniques are demonstrated analytically and by simulations through analyzing the corresponding beam patterns and the achievable output signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratios. Both analytical and simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed phased-MIMO radar.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibition by the KLF 6 Tumor Suppressor Protein through Interaction with Cyclin D 1

Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) is a tumor suppressor gene inactivated in prostate and colon cancers, as well as in astrocytic gliomas. Here, we establish that KLF6 mediates growth inhibition through an interaction with cyclin D1, leading to reduced phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) at Ser. Furthermore, introduction of KLF6 disrupts cyclin D1-cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) 4 complexes and forces the redistribution of p21 onto cdk2, which promotes G1 cell cycle arrest. Our data suggest that KLF6 converges with the Rb pathway to inhibit cyclin D1/cdk4 activity, resulting in growth suppression.
Maintaining the Forest and Burning out the Underbrush in XTAG

In this paper we report on the recent advancements and current status of the XTAG Project, housed at the University of Pennsylvania. We discuss the current coverage of the system, as evaluated on the TSNLP English sentences, hierarchical organization of the grammar, and the new and more portable implementation of the X-interface to the grammar and all of the supporting tools in CLISP, which is freely available. We also present a methodology for specializing our grammar to a particular domain, and give some results on this effort. 1 D e v e l o p m e n t a n d C u r r e n t S t a t u s
Cosine Similarity Entropy: Self-Correlation-Based Complexity Analysis of Dynamical Systems

The nonparametric Sample Entropy (SE) estimator has become a standard for the quantification of structural complexity of nonstationary time series, even in critical cases of unfavorable noise levels. The SE has proven very successful for signals that exhibit a certain degree of the underlying structure, but do not obey standard probability distributions, a typical case in real-world scenarios such as with physiological signals. However, the SE estimates structural complexity based on uncertainty rather than on (self) correlation, so that, for reliable estimation, the SE requires long data segments, is sensitive to spikes and erratic peaks in data, and owing to its amplitude dependence it exhibits lack of precision for signals with long-term correlations. To this end, we propose a class of new entropy estimators based on the similarity of embedding vectors, evaluated through the angular distance, the Shannon entropy and the coarse-grained scale. Analysis of the effects of embedding dimension, sample size and tolerance shows that the so introduced Cosine Similarity Entropy (CSE) and the enhanced Multiscale Cosine Similarity Entropy (MCSE) are amplitude-independent and therefore superior to the SE when applied to short time series. Unlike the SE, the CSE is shown to yield valid entropy values over a broad range of embedding dimensions. By evaluating the CSE and the MCSE over a variety of benchmark synthetic signals as well as for real-world data (heart rate variability of three different cardiovascular pathologies), the proposed algorithms are demonstrated to be able to quantify degrees of structural complexity in the context of self-correlation over small to large temporal scales, thus offering physically meaningful interpretations and rigor in the understanding the intrinsic properties of the structural complexity of a system, such as the number of its degrees of freedom.
On the delay of a throughput optimal flow allocation scheme for random access WMNs

In this paper we consider random access wireless mesh networks with multi-packet reception capabilities where multiple flows are forwarded to the gateways through node disjoint paths. We address the issue of aggregate throughput optimal flow rate allocation with bounded delay guarantees for flows exhibiting both intra- and inter-path interference. In our prior work we have suggested a distributed flow allocation scheme that maximizes the average aggregate throughput of all flows also providing bounded delay guarantees. In this work we evaluate this scheme in terms of delay and compare its performance with the following schemes: a scheme that utilizes paths on a round-robin fashion, one that optimally utilizes the best path only and another one that assigns the maximum possible flow on each path. For the evaluation process Ns2 simulations of several random wireless scenarios are employed.
An intermittent control model of flexible human gait using a stable manifold of saddle-type unstable limit cycle dynamics

Stability of human gait is the ability to maintain upright posture during walking against external perturbations. It is a complex process determined by a number of cross-related factors, including gait trajectory, joint impedance and neural control strategies. Here, we consider a control strategy that can achieve stable steady-state periodic gait while maintaining joint flexibility with the lowest possible joint impedance. To this end, we carried out a simulation study of a heel-toe footed biped model with hip, knee and ankle joints and a heavy head-arms-trunk element, working in the sagittal plane. For simplicity, the model assumes a periodic desired joint angle trajectory and joint torques generated by a set of feed-forward and proportional-derivative feedback controllers, whereby the joint impedance is parametrized by the feedback gains. We could show that a desired steady-state gait accompanied by the desired joint angle trajectory can be established as a stable limit cycle (LC) for the feedback controller with an appropriate set of large feedback gains. Moreover, as the feedback gains are decreased for lowering the joint stiffness, stability of the LC is lost only in a few dimensions, while leaving the remaining large number of dimensions quite stable: this means that the LC becomes saddle-type, with a low-dimensional unstable manifold and a high-dimensional stable manifold. Remarkably, the unstable manifold remains of low dimensionality even when the feedback gains are decreased far below the instability point. We then developed an intermittent neural feedback controller that is activated only for short periods of time at an optimal phase of each gait stride. We characterized the robustness of this design by showing that it can better stabilize the unstable LC with small feedback gains, leading to a flexible gait, and in particular we demonstrated that such an intermittent controller performs better if it drives the state point to the stable manifold, rather than directly to the LC. The proposed intermittent control strategy might have a high affinity for the inverted pendulum analogy of biped gait, providing a dynamic view of how the step-to-step transition from one pendular stance to the next can be achieved stably in a robust manner by a well-timed neural intervention that exploits the stable modes embedded in the unstable dynamics.
Steered optimization strategy for automatic cell planning of UMTS networks

The paper aims at answering the question of how local a UMTS network optimization problem should be defined in order to guarantee an effective optimization by an automatic cell planner (ACP). Based on the interference matrix approach, sets of base stations, denoted as influence sets, which are those most coupled with the problematic ones, are identified and introduced to the ACP for optimization. The size of an influence set is a key issue: under-sizing the set reduces the effectiveness of the optimization; over-sizing it increases the cost of implementing the solution. Comparison of the steered optimization with a global one illustrates the robustness of the proposed approach.
The Treatment of Acetabular Bone Defects with an Associated Pelvic Discontinuity

Pelvic discontinuity is encountered frequently during acetabular revision in patients with severe acetabular bone loss. Prompt recognition of the discontinuity and appropriate intraoperative treatment are essential for a successful clinical outcome. The treatment of the discontinuity is dependent on the remaining host bone, the potential for healing of the discontinuity, and the potential for biologic ingrowth of acetabular components. If healing potential of the discontinuity exists, the discontinuity should be treated in compression with a posterior column plate and structural allograft or with the use of trabecular metal acting as an internal plate. If healing potential for the discontinuity does not exist, the discontinuity should be bridged and treated in distraction with an acetabular transplant supported with a cage, a trabecular metal component with trabecular metal augmentation, or with the use of a custom triflange implant. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level III-1 (case-control study). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Measuring Software Redundancy

Redundancy is the presence of different elements with the same functionality. In software, redundancy is useful (and used) in many ways, for example for fault tolerance and reliability engineering, and in self-adaptive and self-checking programs. However, despite the many uses, we still do not know how to measure software redundancy to support a proper and effective design. If, for instance, the goal is to improve reliability, one might want to measure the redundancy of a solution to then estimate the reliability gained with that solution. Or one might compare alternative solutions to choose the one that expresses more redundancy and therefore, presumably, more reliability. We first formalize a notion of redundancy whereby two code fragments are considered redundant when they achieve the same functionality with different executions. On the basis of this abstract and general notion, we then develop a concrete method to obtain a meaningful quantitative measure of software redundancy. The results we obtain are very positive: we show, through an extensive experimental analysis, that it is possible to distinguish code that is only minimally different, from truly redundant code, and that it is even possible to distinguish low-level code redundancy from high-level algorithmic redundancy. We also show that the measurement is significant and useful for the designer, as it can help predict the effectiveness of techniques that exploit redundancy.
A bargaining model for social status in informal groups and formal organizations.

Apart from economic payoffs, social status (social rank) seems to be the most important incentive and motivating force of social behavior. This concern for social status is perhaps more conspicuous in those societies, like the American, where the ruling ideology encourages a striving for upward social mobility, for movement to higher social status positions. But it seems to be no less important in those societies, like the traditional Indian caste society, which prevent or strongly discourage upward mobility—for at least downward mobility is possible in every society as punishment for nonfulfillment or certain social obligations. Thus the only difference is that in such less mobile societies, people’s concern for social status will take the form of simply trying to maintain their existing status and caste positions and of avoiding all types of nonconformist behavior possibly endangering these positions.
Sensation-Seeking and Impulsivity as Predictors of Reactive and Proactive Aggression in Adolescents

In adolescence, such matters as substance use and impulsiveness may give rise to problematic behavior repertoires. This study was therefore done to analyze the predictive value of sensation-seeking and impulsiveness dimensions related to the functions of aggression (reactive/proactive) and types of expression (physical/relational). A total of 822 high school students in Almeria (Spain) aged 13–18, were administered the Sensation-Seeking Scale, the State Impulsiveness Scale and Peer Conflict Scale. The results show the existence of a positive correlation of the majority of factors analyzed, both in impulsiveness and sensation-seeking, with respect to the different types of aggression. Furthermore, aggressive behavior is explained by the combination of a sensation-seeking factor (Disinhibition) and two impulsiveness factors (Gratification and Automatism). This study shows the need to analyze aggression as a multidimensional construct.
Mithramycin in the treatment of metastatic ewing's sarcoma

Five patients with progressive, metastatic Ewing's sarcoma were treated with infusions of mithramycin. Two had excellent regressions of their tumors; one patient has no clinical evidence of tumor more than 7 years after mithramycin was given. Patients who are resistant to cyclophosphamide may respond to mithramycin and vice versa. The exact role of mithramycin in patients with Ewing's sarcoma is not known. Further experimental trials are indicated with mithramycin alone and in combination both as adjunctive therapy and for the treatment of metastatic disease.
A general framework for tackling the output regulation problem

Output regulation aims to achieve, in addition to closed-loop stability, asymptotic tracking and disturbance rejection for a class of reference inputs and disturbances. Thus, it poses a more challenging problem than stabilization. For over a decade, the nonlinear output regulation problem has been one of the focuses in nonlinear control research, and active research on this problem has generated many fruitful results. Nevertheless, there are two hurdles that impede the further progress of the research on the output regulation problem. The first one is the assumption that the solution or the partial solution of the regulator equations is polynomial. The second one is the lack of a systematic mechanism to handle the global robust output regulation problem. We establish a general framework that systematically converts the robust output regulation problem for a general nonlinear system into a robust stabilization problem for an appropriately augmented system. This general framework, on one hand, relaxes the polynomial assumption, and on the other hand, offers a greater flexibility to incorporate recent new stabilization techniques, thus setting a stage for systematically tackling the robust output regulation with global stability.
Phase transition and finite‐size scaling for the integer partitioning problem

We consider the problem of partitioning n randomly chosen integers between 1 and 2m into two subsets such that the discrepancy, the absolute value of the difference of their sums, is minimized. A partition is called perfect if the optimum discrepancy is 0 when the sum of all n integers in the original set is even, or 1 when the sum is odd. Parameterizing the random problem in terms of κ=m/n, we prove that the problem has a phase transition at κ=1, in the sense that for κ<1, there are many perfect partitions with probability tending to 1 as n→∞, whereas for κ>1, there are no perfect partitions with probability tending to 1. Moreover, we show that this transition is first‐order in the sense the derivative of the so‐called entropy is discontinuous at κ=1.
Dificultades de aprendizaje de conceptos de farmacología en estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia , Unad: Caracterización y búsqueda de alternativas para superarlas

This issue contributes to the study of “learning difficulties” for students of Regency of Pharmacy Technology, associated with the learning of pharmacology, particularly related to mental capacity (M) of the students and the demand (Z) of the task and others. This investigation was based on the concepts of learning disabilities, mental capacity of human beings, the demand of the task and issues pertaining to cognitive theory, proposed by Kempa (1991), Johnstone and El-Banna (1986) and Pascual-Leone (1971). The research was conducted with 15 students of Regency of Pharmacy Technology in the National Open and Distance University, UNAD, who attended during the 2009 - II period, in the course of Pharmacology. Standard instruments were used, as test on figures of intersection, the test of the digits reversed and the test of teaching and learning styles of Grasha - Riechmann. The results showed no learning difficulties arising from the relationship style of teaching- learning styles, or forceful in what happens with the relation M - Z. Nevertheless, it was found that some students develop strategies to properly address different questions and thus improve their grades. Also, it was found that external and internal factors, different from the relationship M-Z, as possible factors that hinder the learning of pharmacology topics.
An unusual cause of pleural effusion in a haemodialysis patient

Pleural effusion in patients receiving long-term haemodialysis is a common finding with an incidence of ∼20%. The effusion is unilateral in up to 50% of cases. The most frequent causes of unilateral effusion are hypervolaemia and parapneumonic effusion. In our case, an unexpected and rare cause of the pleural effusion was established.
Hapbelt: haptic display for presenting vibrotactile and force sense using belt-winding mechanism

We developed a haptic display that drives the skin via a lightweight belt with a DC motor. AC signals to the two DC motors generated vibration of the belt, and the vibration is directly presented to the skin in contact with the belt, while DC signals to the motors wind up the belt, and force sense is presented by causing skin deformation. By combining these two driving modes, high-fidelity vibration and directional force sensation can be presented simultaneously, with compact and low energy setups, which can be extended to various parts of the body.1
The role of reduced oxygen in the developmental physiology of growth and metamorphosis initiation in Drosophila melanogaster

SUMMARY Rearing oxygen level is known to affect final body size in a variety of insects, but the physiological mechanisms by which oxygen affects size are incompletely understood. In Manduca sexta and Drosophila melanogaster, the larval size at which metamorphosis is initiated largely determines adult size, and metamorphosis is initiated when larvae attain a critical mass. We hypothesized that oxygen effects on final size might be mediated by oxygen effects on the critical weight and the ecdysone titers, which regulate growth rate and the timing of developmental transitions. Our results showed that oxygen affected critical weight, the basal ecdysone titers and the timing of the ecdysone peak, providing clear evidence that oxygen affected growth rate and developmental rate. Hypoxic third instar larvae (10% oxygen) exhibited a reduced critical weight, slower growth rate, delayed pupariation, elevated baseline ecdysone levels and a delayed ecdysone peak that occurred at a lower larval mass. Hyperoxic larvae exhibited increased basal ecdysone levels, but no change in critical weight compared with normoxic larvae and no significant change in timing of pupariation. Previous studies have shown that nutrition is crucial for regulating growth rate and the timing of developmental transitions. Here we show that oxygen level is one of multiple cues that together regulate adult size and the timing and dynamics of growth, developmental rate and ecdysone signaling.
Scleroderma renal crisis following pericardial effusion in a Japanese female

Scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) occurs in 4–5% of Japanese patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and is one of the most severe complications, along with interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary hypertension, which lead to a poor outcome. The factors predicting SRC include diffuse progressive skin thickening, a duration of SSc of 4 years or less, having autoantibodies against RNA polymerase III, systemic corticosteroid (CS) administration and recent cardiac events, including pericarditis. We herein report a female case of SRC preceded by pericardial effusion during the treatment with CS for rapidly progressive skin thickening. She had none of the known autoantibodies and was successfully treated with an angiotensin II receptor blocker.
Process engineering: A necessary step to a better public health system

With its primary focus on community health, the public health system focuses on intervention and prevention of disease and injury to protect entire populations. As a federation of city, county and state entities operating independently under a complicated array of local, state and federal laws, public health can best be understood as a complex adaptive system. The dynamic nature of this system and the need for public health agencies to relate and respond to numerous stimuli in terms of new regulations, changing health status, emerging threats and shifting policy, can mask the commonality of underlying business processes performed within the public health sector. Heightened demand for interoperable, adaptive information systems across the broader US health system necessitates the recognition of this commonality and highlights the need for comprehensive analysis and understanding of these core business processes. In turn, this analysis paves the way for public health to apply proven systems engineering techniques to streamline, automate and facilitate those processes. Here, we look at the nature of the public health system and the evolution of a purpose-built methodology for process engineering within public health. We also present a case study based on the application of the methodology to develop requirements for public health laboratory information management systems.
Analysis of task-based gestures in human-robot interaction

New developments, innovations, and advancements in robotic technology are paving the way for intelligent robots to enable, support, and enhance the capabilities of human workers in manufacturing environments. We envision future industrial robot assistants that support workers in their tasks, advancing manufacturing quality and processes and increasing productivity. However, this requires new channels of fine-grained, fast and reliable communication. In this research we examined the communication required for human-robot collaboration in a vehicle door assembly scenario. We identified potential communicative gestures applicable to this scenario, implemented these gestures on a Barrett WAMTM1 manipulator, and evaluated them in terms of human recognition rate and response time in a real-time interaction. Response time analysis reveals insights into the communicative structure of robot motions; namely, key short gesture segments include the bulk of the communicative information. These results will help us design more efficient and fluid task flow in human-robot interaction scenarios.