Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Between-word speech errors in conduction aphasia

Abstract Comparisons have been made between the segmental speech errors of conduction aphasics and normal speakers, despite the fact that the aphasic data have involved single-word production and the normal data have involved multi-word production. To provide a more appropriate aphasic database, the sentence repetition of a conduction aphasic (CM) is presented. Errors that resulted from an interaction between the phonemes of two words were examined and compared with past reports of such errors in normal speakers. Comparisons between the errors of CM and normal speakers revealed similarities, as well as differences. The similarities support the notion that, as with normal speakers, CM's word-interaction errors reflect disruption at the stage of phonemic string construction. For example, the errors of both CM and normal speakers usually involve the interaction of single segments of words from major lexical categories. However, differences exist in the way that such errors are constrained. For example, CM's .
UWB bevel slotted planar printed antenna loaded with annular ring slot

A simple and compact planar printed monopole antenna for ultra wideband application is presented. The proposed antenna comprising of bevel slots in the lower parts of the antenna with annular ring slot. Partial ground plane has been used to enhance the impedance bandwidth. The simulated results show that the proposed antenna exhibits UWB for 2.7 GHz to 11.22 GHz with -10dB return loss and VSWR <; 2. Antenna gain and radiation pattern plots for different frequencies are also investigated. The performance characteristics of the proposed antenna are simulated using Ansoft HFSS.
The Trapped Administrator: Effects of Job Insecurity and Policy Resistance upon Commitment to a Course of Action.

September 1 979, volume 24 This study operationalizes and tests Campbell's trapped administrator effect. In an experimental simulation, job insecurity and policy resistance were manipulated and their effects were measured upon commitment to a course of action. Results showed that as job insecurity and policy resistance increased, so did commitment to a previously chosen course of action. These results support the idea that the trapped administrator is one who is most likely to become committed to a policy position and remain inflexible to change in the face of negative consequences.
: An Innovative Shift in Pedagogical Theory and Practice From paper to the web: the ELP in the digital era

The Council of Europe’s European Language Portfolio (ELP) was originally designed as a structured compilation of forms and self-assessment grids language learners in Europe could use to document their linguistic and cultural experiences and to reflect on them. It was a paper-based portfolio and continues to be replicated as such. Despite quick changes in the portfolio landscape in recent years, nowadays only a few electronic versions of the ELP have been created. This chapter reflects on the main characteristics and issues around the original conception of the ELP and suggests that the full potential of this portfolio has yet to be realised in a digital environment. Based on the experience gained from the development of an electronic ELP for adults at the Open University in the United Kingdom, it is argued that the ELP as a learning guide, self-reflection instrument and self-assessment tool can be significantly enhanced and made more relevant and accessible to new generations of learners with the help of technology.
Evidence from Meta-Analyses of the Facial Width-to-Height Ratio as an Evolved Cue of Threat

The facial width-to-height ratio (FWHR) is the width of the face divided by the height of the upper face. There is mixed evidence for the hypothesis that the FWHR is a cue of threat and dominance in the human face. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses of all peer-reviewed studies (and 2 unpublished studies) to estimate the magnitude of the sex difference in the FWHR, and the magnitude of the relationship between the FWHR and threatening and dominant behaviours and perceptions. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the authors reported an analysis involving the FWHR. Our analyses revealed that the FWHR was larger in men than in women (d¯ = .11, n = 10,853), cued judgements of masculinity in men (r¯ = .35, n of faces = 487; n of observers = 339), and was related to body mass index (r¯ = .31, n = 2,506). Further, the FWHR predicted both threat behaviour in men (r¯ = .16, n = 4,603) and dominance behaviour in both sexes (r¯ = .12, n = 948) across a variety of indices. Individuals with larger FWHRs were judged by observers as more threatening (r¯ = .46, n of faces = 1,691; n of observers = 2,076) and more dominant (r¯ = .20, n of faces = 603; n of observers = 236) than those with smaller FWHRs. Individuals with larger FWHRs were also judged as less attractive (r¯ = -.26, n of faces = 721; n of observers = 335), especially when women made the judgements. These findings provide some support for the hypothesis that the FWHR is part of an evolved cueing system of intra-sexual threat and dominance in men. A limitation of the meta-analyses on perceptions of threat and dominance were the low number of stimuli involving female and older adult faces.
Why ‘The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers’ was wrong

In 1987, Paul Kennedy predicted in his best-selling book, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, that the Pacific region, especially Japan and China, would rise in power, while the then Soviet Union, the United States and Europe would decline in power. Except for Russia, his predictions have not fared well. Why? His realist model of international politics ignored the role of national identities. National identities involve domestic institutions and policies that motivate citizens to create and use wealth and power. Nations compete through domestic reforms as well as international military and economic rivalries. Domestic changes in the United States and Europe revitalized American and European power, while delays in domestic reforms doomed Soviet/Russian power and dramatically slowed Japanese and Asian growth.
Performance Evaluation of Overhead Reduction Method for Cyclostationarity-Inducing Transmission

This paper proposes an overhead reduction method for cyclostationarity-inducing transmission which enables the receiver to distinguish among different signals that use a common orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based air interface. Although the proposed method dedicates some subcarriers to give the specific feature to the OFDM signal as well as our previous proposal, this new proposed method even with half amount of overhead can create various cyclic auto-correlation function (CAF) peak patterns and achieve the detection probability almost equal to that of the previous proposed method. Both previous and new proposed methods are evaluated by computer simulations and test-bed experiments.
Hyperhomocysteinemia after an oral methionine load acutely impairs endothelial function in healthy adults.

BACKGROUND Elevated plasma homocysteine is a risk factor for arteriosclerosis, but a cause-and-effect relationship remains to be fully established. Endothelial dysfunction, an early event in the atherogenic process, has been shown to be associated with hyperhomocysteinemia in experimental and human studies. To further establish a direct relationship between changes in plasma homocysteine and endothelial dysfunction, we investigated whether moderate hyperhomocysteinemia induced by an oral methionine load would acutely impair flow-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in healthy adults. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-four healthy volunteers completed a randomized crossover study in which an oral methionine load (0.1 g/kg) was administered on 1 of 2 study days, 7 days apart. At each visit, plasma homocysteine and brachial artery endothelium-dependent and -independent dilatation were measured at baseline and at 4 hours. To further elucidate the temporal relationship between methionine, homocysteine, and endothelial function, an oral methionine load was administered in 10 subjects on a separate visit, and the time courses of plasma methionine, homocysteine, and flow-mediated brachial artery dilatation were measured at baseline and after 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 hours. After oral methionine, plasma homocysteine increased from 7. 9+/-2.0 micromol/L at baseline to 23.1+/-5.4 micromol/L at 4 hours (P<0.0001, n=24) and was associated with a decrease in flow-mediated brachial artery dilatation from 0.12+/-0.09 to 0.06+/-0.09 mm (P<0. 05). The time course of the impairment of flow-mediated vasodilatation mirrored the time course of the increase in homocysteine concentration. CONCLUSIONS Oral methionine loading raises plasma homocysteine and impairs flow-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. This supports the view that homocysteine may promote vascular disease by inducing endothelial dysfunction.
Bacterial membrane structure.

MEMBRANES 453 MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE OF BACTERIAL MEMBRANES . 458 Macromolecular Protein Structures of Membranes 460 Membrane Probes 463 Cross-Linking Reactions 464 Crossed Immunoelectrophoresis . 466 Ferritin-Labeled Antibody 470
Measurement and evaluation of the material metabolism capability in typical Chinese cities

Based on neoclassical economic theories, such as the production possibility curve (production possibility frontier) and the social welfare indifferent curve, a model to measure urban material metabolism was proposed and an urban development mode was determined in this paper. Taking twelve typical Chinese cities as study subjects, the metabolic flux and eco-efflciency of water, energy and waste were calculated with a measurement model and their metabolic capabilities were evaluated extensively on their eco-efflciency and eco-equity ability. On the basis of material metabolism capability evaluated with the index of eco-efflciency and eco-equity, policymakers can determine the root cause of urban eco-environmental problems and take measures to optimize the process of urban material metabolism to achieve healthy urban ecosystem.
Epistemological Pluralism: Styles and Voices within the Computer Culture

The prevailing image of the computer represents it as a logical machine and computer programming as a technical, mathematical activity. Both the popular and technical culture have constructed computation as the ultimate embodiment of the abstract and formal. Yet the computer's intellectual personality has another side: our research finds diversity in the practice of computing that is denied by its social construction. When we looked closely at programmers in action we saw formal and abstract approaches; but we also saw highly successful programmers in relationships with their material that are more reminiscent of a painter than a logician. They use concrete and personal approaches to knowledge that are far from the cultural stereotypes of formal mathematics.1
Sensitivity of channel capacity

In some channels subject to crosstalk or other types of additive interference, the noise is the sum of a dominant Gaussian noise and a relatively weak non Gaussian contaminating noise. Although the capacity of such channels cannot be evaluated in general, the authors analyze the decrease in capacity, or sensitivity of the channel capacity to the weak contaminating noise. The main result is that for a very large class of contaminating noise processes, explicit expressions for the sensitivity of a discrete-time channel capacity do exist. Moreover, in those cases the sensitivity depends on the contaminating process distribution only through its autocorrelation function and so it coincides with the sensitivity with respect to a Gaussian contaminating noise with the same autocorrelation function.
An Active Learning Interface for Bootstrapping Robot ’ s Generalization Abilities in Learning from Demonstration

We consider combining thenon-linear dynamicalsystems’ motion representation with theactive learning paradigm as an approach to enhance motion learning and generalization abilities in robots. We suggest to design the learning process so that a robot can gradually expandits generalizationcapacities by requesting new demonstrations that extend a region of the applicability of the learned dynamics of a motion; see Figure 1. To allow for such a learning process, we extend our previous work on learning motion dynamics [ 1] with the iterative algorithm for estimating the region of applicability and the algorithm for estimating the consistency of new demonstrations with respect to the learned model. In the previous work of ours [ 1], we propose an algorithm for estimating thenon-linear dynamicsof motion in thestate-space . Our system encapsulates local correlation patterns between the motion’s variables and provides the actual temporal robustness. The dynamics learned this way has a local character due to its nonlinear form (local stability) and the limited generalization power of the statistical inference (farther from the demonstrated data the reliability of the inferences degrades.) 1 To be efficiently applied in practice, the learned dynamical model requires an estimate of its region of applicability, i.e. the estimate of the boundaries of the invariant sub-space where all trajectories converge to the target and where the confidence of the statistical inference allows generating the relevant trajectories. The size of this region determines the generalization abilities of the learned representation. Here we discuss how this region can be systematically expanded through additional demonstrations obtained with support of the suggested active learning interface. Our approach to motion learning combines several demonstrations and, therefore, introduces a view on motion learning which is essentially different than the one, adopted in the other approaches to learning motion dynamics, where the authors consider learning from a single demonstration [ 2]. It has been acknowledged that combining several demonstrations is advantageous for motion learning [3]. Indeed, in our case, this allows a robot to generalize its knowledge from sub-optimal demonstrations and accurately reproduce the task’s trajectories, starting from any point in the region of applicability. However, while introducing the advantages in terms of improved generalization, learning from multiple demonstrations requires more efforts from a human teacher. In addition to repeating a motion several times, he/she should control the variability and consistency of the demonstrations. As an attempt to support the human during the teaching process, we present a generic interface for robot active learning that allows the robot learner to become
Gender Differences and Gender-Related Constructs in Dating Aggression

This study examined frequency and severity of physical, symbolic, and psychological aggression between college men and women in 85 heterosexual dating relationships and the extent to which gender role constructs predicted reports of aggression. Although there were no differences on self-reports of perpetration, men reported higher victimization levels than women and higher physical and psychological victimization levels than perpetration levels, whereas women reported higher symbolic perpetration levels than victimization levels. As a result, averaging reports from both partners suggested that women in existing college dating relationships are more aggressive than men. For both genders, stereotypically negative masculine (i.e., instrumental) characteristics were the best predictors of aggressive acts. Perpetrators’ positive masculinity and femininity predicted self-reports of decreased aggression that were not confirmed by their partners. Whereas men’s traditional attitudes about the male role predicted greater male aggression, women’s less traditional attitudes predicted increased severity of female physical aggression.
Prospective two year follow up study comparing novel and conventional imaging procedures in patients with arthritic finger joints

Objective: To carry out a prospective two year follow up study comparing conventional radiography, three-phase bone scintigraphy, ultrasonography (US), and three dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with precontrast and dynamic postcontrast examination in detecting early arthritis. The aim of the follow up study was to monitor the course of erosions during treatment with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs by different modalities and to determine whether the radiographically occult changes like erosive bone lesions of the finger joints detected by MRI and US in the initial study would show up on conventional radiographs two years later. Additionally, to study the course of soft tissue lesions depicted in the initial study in comparison with the clinical findings. Methods: The metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal joints (14 joints) of the clinically more severely affected hand (soft tissue swelling and joint tenderness) as determined in the initial study of 49 patients with various forms of arthritis were examined twice. The patients had initially been divided into two groups. The follow up group I included 28 subjects (392 joints) without radiographic signs of destructive arthritis (Larsen grades 0–1) of the investigated hand and wrist, and group II (control group) included 21 patients (294 joints) with radiographs showing erosions (Larsen grade 2) of the investigated hand or wrist, or both, at the initial examination. Results: (1) Radiography at the two year follow up detected only two erosions (two patients) in group I and 10 (nine patients) additional erosions in group II. Initial MRI had already detected both erosions in group I and seven (seven patients) of the 10 erosions in group II. Initial US had depicted one erosion in group I and four of the 10 erosions in group II. (2) In contrast with conventional radiography, 3D MRI and US demonstrated an increase in erosions in comparison with the initial investigation. (3) The abnormal findings detected by scintigraphy were decreased at the two year follow up. (4) Both groups showed a marked clinical improvement of synovitis and tenosynovitis, as also shown by MRI and US. (5) There was a striking discrepancy between the decrease in the soft tissue lesions as demonstrated by clinical findings, MRI, and US, and the significant increase in erosive bone lesions, which were primarily evident at MRI and US. Conclusions: Despite clinical improvement and a regression of inflammatory soft tissue lesions, erosive bone lesions were increased at the two year follow up, which were more pronounced with 3D MRI and less pronounced with US. The results of our study suggest that owing to the inadequate depiction of erosions and soft tissue lesions, conventional radiography alone has limitations in the intermediate term follow up of treatment. US has a high sensitivity for depicting inflammatory soft tissue lesions, but dynamic 3D MRI is more sensitive in differentiating minute erosions.
ErbB4 reduces synaptic GABAA currents independent of its receptor tyrosine kinase activity

Significance We identify a mode of Neuregulin signaling through ErbB4, requiring the receptor but not its canonical tyrosine kinase activity, that selectively decreases fast synaptic GABAA currents on hippocampal interneurons. Neuregulin promotes the clustering and association of ErbB4 with α1-containing GABA receptors, and results in the selective internalization of α1-containing receptors via a mechanism that requires PKC activity and clathrin-dependent endocytosis. These findings emphasize the diverse modes of Neuregulin signaling that can regulate interneuron network activity and which may contribute to the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders and epilepsy. ErbB4 signaling in the central nervous system is implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders and epilepsy. In cortical tissue, ErbB4 associates with excitatory synapses located on inhibitory interneurons. However, biochemical and histological data described herein demonstrate that the vast majority of ErbB4 is extrasynaptic and detergent-soluble. To explore the function of this receptor population, we used unbiased proteomics, in combination with electrophysiological, biochemical, and cell biological techniques, to identify a clinically relevant ErbB4-interacting protein, the GABAA receptor α1 subunit (GABAR α1). We show that ErbB4 and GABAR α1 are robustly coexpressed in hippocampal interneurons, and that ErbB4-null mice have diminished cortical GABAR α1 expression. Moreover, we characterize a Neuregulin-mediated ErbB4 signaling modality, independent of receptor tyrosine kinase activity, that couples ErbB4 to decreased postsynaptic GABAR currents on inhibitory interneurons. Consistent with an evolving understanding of GABAR trafficking, this pathway requires both clathrin-mediated endocytosis and protein kinase C to reduce GABAR inhibitory currents, surface GABAR α1 expression, and colocalization with the inhibitory postsynaptic protein gephyrin. Our results reveal a function of ErbB4, independent of its tyrosine kinase activity, that modulates postsynaptic inhibitory control of hippocampal interneurons and may provide a novel pharmacological target in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders and epilepsy.
Multiple RNA Processing Defects and Impaired Chloroplast Function in Plants Deficient in the Organellar Protein-Only RNase P Enzyme

Transfer RNA (tRNA) precursors undergo endoribonucleolytic processing of their 5’ and 3’ ends. 5’ cleavage of the precursor transcript is performed by ribonuclease P (RNase P). While in most organisms RNase P is a ribonucleoprotein that harbors a catalytically active RNA component, human mitochondria and the chloroplasts (plastids) and mitochondria of seed plants possess protein-only RNase P enzymes (PRORPs). The plant organellar PRORP (PRORP1) has been characterized to some extent in vitro and by transient gene silencing, but the molecular, phenotypic and physiological consequences of its down-regulation in stable transgenic plants have not been assessed. Here we have addressed the function of the dually targeted organellar PRORP enzyme in vivo by generating stably transformed Arabidopsis plants in which expression of the PRORP1 gene was suppressed by RNA interference (RNAi). PRORP1 knock-down lines show defects in photosynthesis, while mitochondrial respiration is not appreciably affected. In both plastids and mitochondria, the effects of PRORP1 knock-down on the processing of individual tRNA species are highly variable. The drastic reduction in the levels of mature plastid tRNA-Phe(GAA) and tRNA-Arg(ACG) suggests that these two tRNA species limit plastid gene expression in the PRORP1 mutants and, hence, are causally responsible for the mutant phenotype.
Early hemorrhage growth in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The goal of the present study was to prospectively determine how frequently early growth of intracerebral hemorrhage occurs and whether this early growth is related to early neurological deterioration. METHODS We performed a prospective observational study of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage within 3 hours of onset. Patients had a neurological evaluation and CT scan performed at baseline, 1 hour after baseline, and 20 hours after baseline. RESULTS Substantial growth in the volume of parenchymal hemorrhage occurred in 26% of the 103 study patients between the baseline and 1-hour CT scans. An additional 12% of patients had substantial growth between the 1- and 20-hour CT scans. Hemorrhage growth between the baseline and 1-hour CT scans was significantly associated with clinical deterioration, as measured by the change between the baseline and 1-hour Glasgow Coma Scale and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores. No baseline clinical or CT prediction of hemorrhage growth was identified. CONCLUSIONS Substantial early hemorrhage growth in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage is common and is associated with neurological deterioration. Randomized treatment trials are needed to determine whether this early natural history of ongoing bleeding and frequent neurological deterioration can be improved.