Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-uniformity in English secondary stress: the role of ranked and lexically specific

A vaporizer apparatus efficiently vaporizes difficult-to-vaporize materials such as complex feed materials for producing a high dielectric or ferroelectric material. The vaporizer apparatus includes a vaporizing passage formed by a pair of opposed walls separated by a minute spacing to a liquid feed entrance provided at one end of the vaporizing passage, a vaporized feed exit provided at an opposite end of the vaporizing passage, and a heating arrangement for heating the walls to a temperature in excess of a vaporizing temperature of the liquid feed so that the liquid feed material may be guided into the vaporizing passage to be vaporized.
Baseline Estimation Algorithm of InSAR with Block Adjustment

A new baseline estimation algorithm with block adjustment considering phase offset for multiple InSAR data that cover large areas is proposed to reduce the number of needed ground control points and the difference between heights derived from different data.The experiments of baseline estimation with block adjustment are done with multiple pairs of InSAR data obtained by airborne InSAR system researched by Institute of Electronics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.It uses less ground control points.The difference between heights in overlap areas is reduced,which validates the proposed baseline estimation algorithm.
Verbal protocol accuracy in fault diagnosis

The study reported here examined whether concurrent and retrospective verbal protocols possess the potential to provide a non-reactive and valid account of the cognitive processes involved in fault diagnosis . With this goal in mind, a group of subjects performed a fault diagnosis task under concurrent and retrospective verbalization and in a silent control condition as well . In the task, concurrent verbalization led to a considerable increase in time to completion but exerted no effect on overall accuracy and the adopted strategy . Retrospective verbalization did not have any effect on performance . The strategy-related data obtained under concurrent verbalization proved to be more valid than those obtained under retrospective verbalization . The implications of these results are discussed from a practical, theoretical, and methodological point of view . 'Portions of this report were first published in 1990 in the author's Ph . D . thesis "The analysis of fault diagnosis tasks : Do verbal reports speak for themselves? " . The experimental results reported here differ in a number of respects from those reported in the thesis . This is because the data analyses are based on a partly different sample of subjects and the algorithm used for identifying the subjects' strategies has been simplified . These differences, however, are small and do not affect the conclusions drawn .
On the role of space geodetic measurements for global changes monitoring

One of the most important and unique task of space geodesy is a development and control of the global terrestrial reference coordinate frame – ITRF, accurate and stable within millimeter level. Small movements of the ITRF origin (geocenter), which conventionally coincides with the Earth’s center of mass, provide important information about mass redistribution in the Earth system. An accuracy of the geocenter position estimation is strongly dependent on the geodetic network size and stations distribution over the Earth’s surface. From this point of view Doppler Orbit determination and Radiopositioning Integrated on Satellites (DORIS) system has an advantage, as its ground network of beacons consists of about 70 sites, equally distributed over the Earth’s surface. The IDC Analysis Center of the Institute of astronomy, RAS, performs DORIS data analysis since 1995. Estimated amplitudes of annual and semiannual variations of the geocenter positions are in the limits of 2–10 mm for horizontal components and 8–30 mm for vertical component. The ﬁrst attempt to develop a mathematical model of the geocenter motion has been made with the use of Dynamic Regression Modelling approach for spectral analysis of the long set (16 years) of geocenter coordinates, estimated by DORIS measurements at the Institute of Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INASAN). In the issue of these studies a possibility to predict the preliminary geocenter positions with the accuracy about 2–4 mm seems feasible over time period up to 10 weeks by the use of mathematical models. Further improvement of the contemporary ITRF could be possible only with dense and equally distributed tracking networks equipped with diﬀerent measurement techniques. A development of the precise fundamental geodetic network, based on the combined use of GNSS, SLR and VLBI measurements, is now carried out in Russia. Monitoring of secular movements (velocities) of the permanent GPS-stations, located in Russia, already provided an improvement of the reference coordinate frame for North Eurasia. Studies of the seismic belts of Eurasia and velocities of the crust movement, estimated with the use of GPS measurements, showed that only a northern part of the continent could be classiﬁed as an indivisible lithosphere plate. It could be named the North Eurasian Plate unlike the Eurasian Plate, which doesn’t exist now as an indivisible tectonic block.
Accurate Expression Profiling of Very Small Cell Populations

Background Expression profiling, the measurement of all transcripts of a cell or tissue type, is currently the most comprehensive method to describe their physiological states. Given that accurate profiling methods currently available require RNA amounts found in thousands to millions of cells, many fields of biology working with specialized cell types cannot use these techniques because available cell numbers are limited. Currently available alternative methods for expression profiling from nanograms of RNA or from very small cell populations lack a broad validation of results to provide accurate information about the measured transcripts. Methods and Findings We provide evidence that currently available methods for expression profiling of very small cell populations are prone to technical noise and therefore cannot be used efficiently as discovery tools. Furthermore, we present Pico Profiling, a new expression profiling method from as few as ten cells, and we show that this approach is as informative as standard techniques from thousands to millions of cells. The central component of Pico Profiling is Whole Transcriptome Amplification (WTA), which generates expression profiles that are highly comparable to those produced by others, at different times, by standard protocols or by Real-time PCR. We provide a complete workflow from RNA isolation to analysis of expression profiles. Conclusions Pico Profiling, as presented here, allows generating an accurate expression profile from cell populations as small as ten cells.
Geostatistical Analysis of Soil Properties of Mid-West Taiwan Soils

Analysis and interpretation of soil survey data are very important for effective management of agricultural fields. In this study, kriging and cokriging methods were applied to estimate the spatial distribution of soil properties from available large-scale survey data of Taiwan. The data were derived from soils in a 10-km 2 area divided into 250 m X 250 m node intervals. The soil properties examined included the extractable P, Ca, Mg, and Fe contents, the sum of exchangeable bases (SEB), %sand, %silt, and %clay. The sum of exchangeable bases and particle-size distribution were regarded as the primary and auxiliary variables, respectively, in the cokriging procedure. The ratio of nugget to total variation was about 57 to 80%, indicating that the spatial correlation of the tested soil properties at the large scale was moderately (cross-)dependent.The estimated spatial distributions of the soil properties by kriging, under decreasing sampling densities, all correlated significantly (P < 0.1%) with those obtained from original data. Furthermore, with the over-sampled particle-size distribution, the overall estimation of SEB quality by cokriging was superior to that by kriging. The results suggested that by kriging and cokriging, the existing sampling density could be decreased under the large-scale sampling interval by nearly half and that sufficient spatial information about the soil properties could still be retained. The information obtained could be used to improve the long-term sampling designs of soil surveys in Taiwan. It also may be useful for identifying the appropriate sampling densities for these scales of soil surveys.
Effect of Study Design on Sample Size in Studies Intended to Evaluate Bioequivalence of Inhaled Short‐Acting β‐Agonist Formulations

Pharmacodynamic studies that use methacholine challenge to assess bioequivalence of generic and innovator albuterol formulations are generally designed per published Food and Drug Administration guidance, with 3 reference doses and 1 test dose (3‐by‐1 design). These studies are challenging and expensive to conduct, typically requiring large sample sizes. We proposed 14 modified study designs as alternatives to the Food and Drug Administration–recommended 3‐by‐1 design, hypothesizing that adding reference and/or test doses would reduce sample size and cost. We used Monte Carlo simulation to estimate sample size. Simulation inputs were selected based on published studies and our own experience with this type of trial. We also estimated effects of these modified study designs on study cost. Most of these altered designs reduced sample size and cost relative to the 3‐by‐1 design, some decreasing cost by more than 40%. The most effective single study dose to add was 180 μg of test formulation, which resulted in an estimated 30% relative cost reduction. Adding a single test dose of 90 μg was less effective, producing only a 13% cost reduction. Adding a lone reference dose of either 180, 270, or 360 μg yielded little benefit (less than 10% cost reduction), whereas adding 720 μg resulted in a 19% cost reduction. Of the 14 study design modifications we evaluated, the most effective was addition of both a 90‐μg test dose and a 720‐μg reference dose (42% cost reduction). Combining a 180‐μg test dose and a 720‐μg reference dose produced an estimated 36% cost reduction.
A Flexible Compute and Memory Infrastructure for High-level Language to Hardware Compilation

We present a low-level infrastructure for use by high-level language to hardware compiler back-ends. It consists of the highly parameterizable, technology-independent module library Modlib and the LMEM framework for localizing variables in fast on-chip memories. Modlib not only supports all high-level language operators (including memory accesses), but also provides a wide spectrum of usage modes: covering static and dynamic scheduling, speculative predicated execution, pipeline balancing, and explicit canceling of mis-speculated computations. We examine the performance of the infrastructure for a number of automatically compiled kernels, including an MD5 kernel that significantly profits from using LMEM.
Evaluating Voluntary Stormwater Management Initiatives in Urban Residential Areas: Making Recommendations for Program Development in the City of Vancouver

As riparian and aquatic areas experience continued degradation from the pressures of human development, there is an increasing realization by watershed managers that measures must be taken to restore the urban hydrological cycle. Voluntary stormwater management and water conservation practices, such as those advocated by the Engineering Services Department (ESD) in Vancouver, British Columbia, provided an opportunity for homeowners to participate in the management of their water resources. Unfortunately, due to a number of unknown factors, the stormwater pilots in this city failed to receive the widespread adoption that was required for their subsequent expansion. To inform the design of an integrated water management program that is capable of attracting a sufficient number of participants, a program evaluation framework was developed to assess the Downspout Disconnection Pilot Project, the Perforated Sump Pilot Project and the Rain Barrel Program in Vancouver, as well as the more popular Downspout Disconnection Program in Toronto, Ontario. Interviews of government staff and program participants, as well as reviews of theoretical and program literature, were used to understand the program variables that may have contributed to the different rates of program uptake observed in each city. The results of the evaluations have been used to inform the design and implementation of future stormwater management initiatives in urban residential areas, as well as to recommend specific areas of program improvement for the City of Vancouver. The specific areas of program improvement identified include: i) dedication of adequate program resources, ii) implementation of complementary policies, iii) exploitation of opportunities for interdepartmental collaboration, iv) innovative program promotion, v) facilitation of homeowner participation, and finally, vi) monitoring of program performance over time and adoption of change. Through the design and implementation of an integrated water management program, the City of Vancouver would be able to demonstrate a commitment to innovative problem mitigation and environmental leadership, while helping to limit the impacts of urban (residential) runoff on the quality of its receiving waters.
Generative Capacities of Grammars Codification for Evolution of Nn Architectures

Designing the optimal architecture can be formulated as a search problem in the architectures space, where each point represents an architecture. The search space of all possible architectures is very large, and the task of finding the simplest architecture may be an arduous and mostly a random task. Methods based in indirect encoding have been used to reduce the chromosome length. In this work a new indirect encoding method is proposed and an analysis of the generative capacity of the method is presented.
Memory and emotion

Although the concept of memory has existed for thousands of years, its systematic study was launched in the 1880s by the seminal experiments of the German philosopher Hermann Ebbinghaus. Through careful assessments of his own memory, Ebbinghaus forged the way for the field of memory research by demonstrating that humans' ability to retain information over time could be studied scientifically. It is telling that Ebbinghaus' studies involved the intentional memorization of nonsense syllables: He believed that to understand memory processes, one should study retention of information void of meaning or personal importance. Although memory researchers seemed to embrace Ebbinghaus' views on this issue for nearly a century, over the past couple of decades there has been increased emphasis on examining memory for personally important experiences and for events that evoke emotional reactions. Throughout this chapter, we will use terms like " emotional stimuli " as a shorthand to denote information in the environment that elicits a change in the internal, affective state of the organism. The focus of this chapter is on how these internal changes affect memory. Behavioral examinations of explicit (conscious) memory for emotional experiences have revealed three broad influences of emotion on memory: on the number (quantity) of events remembered, the subjective vividness (quality) of the remembered events, and the amount of accurate detail remembered about prior experiences. This chapter will explore these three lines of investigation, highlighting both the general conclusions that have emerged from the research and the open questions that remain. We will conclude with a brief discussion of recent research suggesting an effect of emotion on implicit (unconscious) memory. In addition to presenting the behavioral data and cognitive theories of emotional memory, this chapter also will include discussion of relevant neuroimaging and Memory and Emotion 2 neuropsychological research that has been influential in examining the extent to which memory for emotional experiences is supported by processes distinct from those that support memory for nonemotional events. Individuals often remember more emotional events than nonemotional ones. Within the laboratory, recall rates are higher for positive and negative stimuli than for neutral stimuli noted within the autobiographical memory literature. For example, when individuals are asked to generate memories in response to cue words, the retrieved memories often will be rated as personally significant and emotional (e.g., Conway, 1990; Rubin & Kozin, 1984). There also are many instances in which positive and negative events are more likely …
Learning DFA: evolution versus evidence driven state merging

Learning deterministic finite automata (DFA) is a hard task that has been much studied within machine learning and evolutionary computation research. This paper presents a new method for evolving DFAs, where only the transition matrix is evolved, and the state labels are chosen to optimize the fit between final states and training set labels. This new procedure reduces the size and in particular, the complexity, of the search space. We present results on the Tomita languages, and also on a set of random DFA induction problems of varying target size and training set density. The Tomita set results show that we can learn the languages with far fewer fitness evaluations than previous evolutionary methods. On the random DFA task we compare our methods with the evidence driven state merging (EDSM) algorithms, which is one of the most powerful known DFA learning algorithms. We show that our method outperforms EDSM when the target DFA is small (less than 32 states) and the training set is sparse.
A note on input-to-state stability of networked control systems

A new class of uniformly globally asymptotically stable (UGAS) protocols in networked control systems (NCS) is considered. It shown that if the controller is designed without taking into account the network so that it yields input-to-state stability (ISS) with respect to external disturbances (not necessarily with respect to the error that will come from the network implementation), then the same controller will achieve semi-global practical ISS for the NCS when implemented via the network with a UGAS protocol. The adjustable parameter with respect to which semi-global practical ISS is achieved is the so-called maximal allowable transfer interval (MATI) between transmission times.
Concentrações de U, Th e outros elementos de origem natural : possíveis implicações no uso do solo = Natural occurrences of uranium, thorium and other elements : possible implications in land use

E-mail (s) 1 adolfo@estgp.pt; joao.batista@ineti.pt; daniel.oliveira@ineti.pt; mmo@uevora.pt SUMÁRIO A observação das concentrações de elementos químicos como o urânio e o tório e dos valores radiométricos na região de Alegrete-Assumar, no concelho de Portalegre, mostrou que é nos quartzitos radioactivos que estes se encontram mais elevados. O tratamento estatístico, nomeadamente geostatístico, de dados da prospecção mineral, e o cruzamento com variáveis como a ocupação do solo, permitirá obter informação que pode ser pertinente em termos de saúde pública.
Different Ownership, Same Organizational Culture: A Case of Iranian Auditors

One of the main duties of managers is to attempt to establish a proper organizational culture, as well as to prepare and propagate the financial information of the company. In developed countries, numerous researches were conducted in order to clarify the effective factors in establishing organizational culture of the institutes and companies, but on the whole, research on this topic in the Iranian context is severely lacking. The present study is an attempt at closing this gap by studying some important aspects affecting the organizational culture, which are ownership focus and structure as the main factors in the deference of organizational culture. In this research, factor analysis approach has been used to determine the cultural difference. The results indicate that despite differences in governing ownership type, there is no meaningful difference in cultural values of private audit firms (IACPAs) and Audit Organization (governmental institute). This difference could be explained using the Organizational Culture Profile (OCP) questionnaire as a criterion to determine the values presented by audit firms.
Relationship between liquid structure and property I— Kinematic viscosity of magnesium melt and its relationship with the microstructure

The method of crucible rotating oscillation damping was employed to measure the kinematic viscosity of magnesium melt and the curve of viscosity v versus temperature T from 935 K to 1190 K was obtained. It is exponential increase (decrease) law of viscosity with the temperature during heating and cooling process; Besides, based on the physical model for evolution behavior of atomic cluster in liquid structure, the main structural information of magnesium melt in this temperature interval — the curve of size d of atomic cluster versus temperature T was obtained; By analyzing the experimental and calculated data, it is found that both kinematic viscosity and size of atomic cluster of magnesium melt are monodrome function of the temperature and the relation between them is linear function, i.e., v=v 0 + K · d ( T ) . This relation reveals the change characteristic of viscosity for magnesium melt microstructure, which presents a new way for calculating kinematic viscosity of metal melt and understanding the micro-nature deeply.
Enable++: a second generation FPGA processor

In the computing community field, programmable processors are going to fill the niche for special purpose computing devices. A typical example is ultra fast pattern recognition in experimental particle physics, a task for which we constructed two years ago (1993), Enable 1, an FPGA processor rather specialized for pattern recognition algorithms in /spl mu/s domain, but also provided with modest features for coping with more general applications. The paper presents the follow up model Enable++, a 2nd generation FPGA processor that offers several substantial enhancements over the previous system for a wider range of applications: Enable++ is structured into three different state of the art modules for providing computing power, flexible and high speed I/O communication and powerful intermodule communication with a raw bandwidth of 3.2 GByte/s by an active backplane. The technical realization of all three modules is guided by the maximum usage of field programmable logic. The actual demand of computing and I/O power can be satisfied by the number of modules plugged into the crate. Enhanced features of Enable++ comprise the configurable processor topology provided by programmable crossbar switches. In combination with the 4/spl times/4 FPGA array and 12 MByte distributed RAM, the Enable++ computing core offers a strongly increased and scalable computing power. For building new applications, the system offers a comfortable programming and debugging environment consisting of a compiler for the C like hardware description language spC, a simulator and a source level debugger for hardware design.