Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On hyperbolic laws of capacitor discharge through self‐timed digital loads

A new model to predict the dynamic behavior of a self‐timed autonomous digital system powered by a capacitor is derived. The model demonstrates the hyperbolic shape of the discharging process on the capacitor. It allows a symbolic analysis of the discharging process for complex digital loads comprised of series (stack) and parallel configurations of digital circuits. For example, for a stack configuration, important non‐trivial relationships between the hyperbolic discharging rates have been derived based on the knowledge of the velocity saturation index (alpha) of the semiconductor devices used in the digital part. For a realistic (modern complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices) value of alpha = 1.5, the discharging process for a stack of two identical circuits proceeds nearly three times slower than that of any of the stand‐alone circuits. This shows a potential way of extending the lifetime of the energy sources by means of stacking self‐timed circuits. Although the analysis is based on configurations consisting of ring oscillators in CMOS technology, the analysis method can be extended to other types of self‐timed systems and other semiconductor technologies in which the instantaneous switching activity of the digital load is determined by the instantaneous voltage levels provided by the capacitive power transfer mechanism. The analytical derivations have been validated by simulations and experiments carried out with real hardware. © 2014 The Authors. International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subchondral cystic lesions of the proximal extremity of the tibia in horses: 12 cases (1983-2000).

OBJECTIVE To determine clinical and radiographic features of subchondral cystic lesions (SCL) of the proximal extremity of the tibia in horses that could be used to classify these lesions as being related to osteochondrosis or osteoarthritis and to evaluate results of surgical debridement. DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS 12 horses with 14 SCL. PROCEDURE Medical records and radiographs obtained before and after treatment were reviewed. RESULTS In 6 young horses (8 lesions), SCL were considered to be related to osteochondrosis; all involved the lateral tibial condyle. The remaining 6 horses were mature and had radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis in addition to SCL. Arthroscopic debridement was performed in 4 horses in which lesions were considered to be a result of osteochondrosis and in 3 horses with osteoarthritis. Three horses in which SCL were considered to be a result of osteochondrosis performed athletically after debridement. Two horses with moderate osteoarthritis returned to work after arthroscopic debridement but at a lower level of athletic performance. One horse with SCL related to osteochondrosis responded to medical treatment and went on to race. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggest that arthroscopic debridement of SCL is feasible in horses in which lesions involve the cranial portion of the lateral or medial tibial condyle, and that treated horses may be able to perform athletically.
Graph-based semi-supervised learning with genomic data integration using condition-responsive genes applied to phenotype classification

Objective Data integration methods that combine data from different molecular levels such as genome, epigenome, transcriptome, etc., have received a great deal of interest in the past few years. It has been demonstrated that the synergistic effects of different biological data types can boost learning capabilities and lead to a better understanding of the underlying interactions among molecular levels. Methods In this paper we present a graph-based semi-supervised classification algorithm that incorporates latent biological knowledge in the form of biological pathways with gene expression and DNA methylation data. The process of graph construction from biological pathways is based on detecting condition-responsive genes, where 3 sets of genes are finally extracted: all condition responsive genes, high-frequency condition-responsive genes, and P-value-filtered genes. Results The proposed approach is applied to ovarian cancer data downloaded from the Human Genome Atlas. Extensive numerical experiments demonstrate superior performance of the proposed approach compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms, including the latest graph-based classification techniques. Conclusions Simulation results demonstrate that integrating various data types enhances classification performance and leads to a better understanding of interrelations between diverse omics data types. The proposed approach outperforms many of the state-of-the-art data integration algorithms.
The effect of music type on emotion regulation: An emotional-Stroop experiment

Introduction: Emotion regulation, the process of changing one’s emotion or one’s response to emotion, is necessary for efficiency when performing cognitive tasks, and is often measured using a Stroop-like task that provides conflict between emotional and factual information. Researchers have found that listening to music increases performance on cognitive tasks. For the present research it was hypothesized that listening to music samples that evoke different arousal and valence levels would affect participants’ emotion regulation skills. Method: While completing an emotional-Stroop task, 38 Georgia State University undergraduates listened to three-minute excerpts of film scores known to evoke a particular mood and arousal state. Results: A repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant difference between the types of music and an interaction between music type and word context. Discussion: These results provide evidence that different types of music may place different demands on attention, differentially disrupting Stroop performance, at least for the color-naming of nonacademic words. However, the absence of valence effects in these results suggest that the findings likely reflect arousal rather than mood induction. THE EFFECT OF MUSIC TYPE ON EMOTION REGULATION 3
Imeglimin - A New Oral Anti-Diabetic that Targets the Three Key Defects of type 2 Diabetes

Study background: The objective of this collated research paper is to highlight the anti-diabetic effects and mode of action of imeglimin, the first in a new tetrahydrotriazine-containing class of oral anti-diabetic agents: the glimins. Imeglimin acts on both insulin resistant organs (liver and muscle) and pancreatic β-cells (insulin secretion in response to glucose and protection against apoptosis). Methods: The aim of the investigations reported here is to present data on the mode of action of imeglimin and its anti-diabetic effects, demonstrating that it represents a promising treatment for type 2 diabetes by acting on the three key pathological defects of the disease, namely excessive hepatic glucose production, impaired peripheral glucose uptake by skeletal muscle, and insufficient insulin secretion. Results: Imeglimin significantly lowered fasting plasma glucose concentrations in a dose-dependent manner in STZ rats. HbA1c was significantly reduced ( P <0.01) by imeglimin (6.2%) compared with controls (9.83%). At a 150 mg·kg -1 dose, imeglimin significantly improved glucose tolerance compared with controls (AUC 0-3h 2,402 vs 3,449 mmol·L·h -1 respectively). With regards to its mode of action, imeglimin significantly decreased the rate of hepatic gluconeogenesis, stimulated muscle glucose uptake, induced a potentiation of glucose-dependent insulin secretion, and decreased β-cell apoptosis. Conclusion: Our investigations found that imeglimin uniquely targets the three key defects of type 2 diabetes. It could provide more durable, sustained glycemic control than currently achieved with oral anti-diabetics and has the potential to be used at any stage in the disease continuum. Imeglimin’s potential for combination with other oral anti- diabetics is also under investigation.
STRUCTURE AND MAGNETISM OF Mn-DOPED Si THIN FILMS GROWN BY MOLECULAR BEAM EPITAXY

xv List of Abbreviations and Symbols Used . xvi Acknowledgements . xxiv Chapter
Advanced iterative channel coding schemes: When Shannon meets Moore

The continuous demands on increased spectral efficiency, higher throughput, lower latency and lower energy in communication systems imposes large challenges on appropriate channel coding schemes and their efficient hardware implementation. Consequently, channel coding is not only a matter of information theory but also more and more knowledge on efficient parallel hardware architectures and underlying semiconductor technology is required. Finally, a deep understanding of the strong interrelation of code structure, decoding algorithms, communications performance and efficient implementation in state-of-the-art semiconductor technology is mandatory. In this paper, we will highlight this strong interrelation on some advanced iterative channel coding techniques, i.e. turbo codes and LDPC codes and demonstrate challenges and limitations with respect to throughput and latency.
Light emitting diodes and photodetectors based on III-nitride and colloidal quantum dot materials

In this work, we first proposed the tandem architecture for solution-processed near infrared PbSe colloidal quantum dot (CQD)-based photodetectors to address the high dark current issue. The tandem architecture not only absorbs the virtue of tandem solar cell by means of efficient photon-to-current conversion, but also functions as the effective barrier that can block the leakage current. More than three orders of magnitude reduction in dark current has been observed, along with an elevated photocurrent. The low temperature current-voltage characteristics revealed that the tandem architecture posed a high energy barrier which effectively blocks the dark current. Our results suggest that tandem architecture can be employed to developing high-performance solution-processed photodetector. The application of tandem photodetectors was further extended to sensors on flexible substrates where little study has been reported to date. Our results on flexible tandem photodetectors validate the high efficiency and detectivity of the tandem architecture. Two different bending states have been studied which revealed the small critical bend radii of ~8mm and ~3mm for tensile and compressive bending, respectively. The photodetector performance remains stable under mechanical stress which offers great potential of CQDs-based tandem photodetectors for flexible device applications. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the chip level integration of flip-chip light emitting diode (LED) with current rectifying GaN Schottky barrier diodes constituting the Wheatstone bridge circuitry for alternating current (AC) driving. The flip-chip LED scheme offers better pcontact, high light extraction efficiency and fast heat dissipation. The reflectance and turn-on
Therapeutic Effects of Doxycycline on the Quality of Repaired and Unrepaired Achilles Tendons

Background: Achilles tendon tears are devastating injuries, especially to athletes. Elevated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity after a tendon injury has been associated with deterioration of the collagen network and can be inhibited with doxycycline (Doxy). Hypothesis: Daily oral administration of Doxy will enhance the histological, molecular, and biomechanical quality of transected Achilles tendons. Additionally, suture repair will further enhance the quality of repaired tendons. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Randomized unilateral Achilles tendon transection was performed in 288 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The injured tendons were either unrepaired (groups 1 and 2) or surgically repaired (groups 3 and 4). Animals from groups 2 and 4 received Doxy daily through oral gavage, and animals from groups 1 and 3 served as controls (no Doxy). Tendons were harvested at 1.5, 3, 6, and 9 weeks after the injury (n = 18 per group and time point). The quality of tendon repair was evaluated based on the histological grading score, collagen fiber orientation, gene expression, and biomechanical properties. Results: In surgically repaired samples, Doxy enhanced the quality of tendon repair compared with no Doxy (P = .0014). Doxy had a significant effect on collagen fiber dispersion, but not principal fiber angle. There was a significant effect of time on the gene expression of MMP-3, MMP-9 and TIMP1, and Doxy significantly decreased MMP-3 expression at 9 weeks. Doxy treatment with surgical repair increased the dynamic modulus at 6 weeks but not at 9 weeks after the injury (P < .001). Doxy also increased the equilibrium modulus and decreased creep strain irrespective of the repair group. Doxy did not have a significant effect on the histology or biomechanics of unrepaired tendons. Conclusion: The findings indicate that daily oral administration of Doxy accelerated matrix remodeling and the dynamic and equilibrium biomechanics of surgically repaired Achilles tendons, although such enhancements were most evident at the 3- to 6-week time points. Clinical Relevance: The inhibition of MMPs at the optimal stage of the repair process may accelerate Achilles tendon repair and improve biomechanical properties, especially when paired with surgical management.
An Adjustable Gas-Mixing Device to Increase Feasibility of In Vitro Culture of Plasmodium falciparum Parasites in the Field

A challenge to conducting high-impact and reproducible studies of the mechanisms of P. falciparum drug resistance, invasion, virulence, and immunity is the lack of robust and sustainable in vitro culture in the field. While the technology exists and is routinely utilized in developed countries, various factors–from cost, to supply, to quality–make it hard to implement in malaria endemic countries. Here, we design and rigorously evaluate an adjustable gas-mixing device for the in vitro culture of P. falciparum parasites in the field to circumvent this challenge. The device accurately replicates the gas concentrations needed to culture laboratory isolates, short-term adapted field isolates, cryopreserved previously non-adapted isolates, as well as to adapt ex vivo isolates to in vitro culture in the field. We also show an advantage over existing alternatives both in cost and in supply. Furthermore, the adjustable nature of the device makes it an ideal tool for many applications in which varied gas concentrations could be critical to culture success. This adjustable gas-mixing device will dramatically improve the feasibility of in vitro culture of Plasmodium falciparum parasites in malaria endemic countries given its numerous advantages.
Curcumin prevents reperfusion injury following ischemic stroke in rats via inhibition of NF-κB, ICAM-1, MMP-9 and caspase-3 expression

Reperfusion is the only approved therapy for acute ischemic stroke; however, it can cause excessive inflammation responses and aggravate brain damage. Therefore, supplementary treatment against inflammation caused by reperfusion is required. In a previous study from our group, curcumin was demonstrated to decrease infarction volume, brain edema and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study was conducted to understand whether curcumin protects against cerebral I/R injury through anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties. Ischemia for 1 h was induced in vivo in Wistar rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), followed by reperfusion for 24 h, and curcumin was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min prior to reperfusion. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the expression levels of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and caspase-3. The findings revealed that inflammation (NF-κB, ICAM-1 and MMP-9) and apoptosis (caspase-3)-related markers were significantly downregulated in the curcumin-treated MCAO group compared with the vehicle-treated MCAO group. Furthermore, brain infarction size, brain edema and neurological dysfunction were attenuated in the curcumin-treated MCAO group compared with the vehicle-treated MCAO group. Taken together, the present results provided evidence that the protective effect of curcumin against cerebral I/R injury might be mediated by anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Therefore, curcumin may be a promising supplementary agent against cerebral I/R injury in the future.
MicroRNA-187 Inhibits Growth and Metastasis of Osteosarcoma by Downregulating S100A4

ABSTRACT Abnormal expression and dysfunction of microRNAs are correlated with osteosarcoma (OS). This study demonstrated that the miR-187 level in OS tissues and cell lines was decreased. The proliferation and metastatic abilities of U-2OS cells were inhibited by miR-187 overexpression and promoted by miR-187 knockdown. Moreover, miR-187 also inhibited growth and metastasis of OS cells in vivo. Furthermore, we revealed that miR-187 could interact with S100A4 3′-UTR and inhibit S100A4 expression in OS cells. In summary, miR-187 inhibits growth and metastasis of OS cells by downregulating S100A4, which might be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target of OS.
Legacy Effect of Delayed Blood Pressure-Lowering Pharmacotherapy in Middle-Aged Individuals Stratified by Absolute Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Protocol for a Systematic Review

Background Many national and international guidelines recommend that the initiation of blood pressure (BP)-lowering drug treatment for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) should no longer be based on BP level alone, but on absolute cardiovascular risk. While BP-lowering drug treatment is beneficial in high-risk individuals at any level of elevated BP, clinicians are concerned about legacy effects on patients with low-to-moderate risk and mildly elevated BP who remain “untreated”. Objective We aim to investigate the legacy effect of delayed BP-lowering pharmacotherapy in middle-aged individuals (45-65 years) with mildly elevated BP (systolic BP 140-159 mmHg and/or diastolic BP 90-99 mmHg) stratified by absolute risk for primary prevention of CVD, but particularly in the low-risk (<10% five-year absolute risk) group. Methods Randomized trials of BP-lowering therapy versus placebo or pretreated subjects in active comparator studies with posttrial follow-up will be identified using a 2-step process. First, randomized trials of BP-lowering therapy will be identified by (1) retrieving the references of trials included in published systematic reviews of BP-lowering therapy, (2) retrieving studies published by the Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration (BPLTTC), and (3) checking studies referenced in the 1993 World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension meeting memorandum on BP management. Posttrial follow-up studies will then be identified by forward citation searching the randomized trials identified in step 1 through Web of Science. The search will include randomized controlled trials with at least 1-year in-trial period and a posttrial follow-up phase. Age is the major determinant of absolute cardiovascular risk, so the participants in our review will be restricted to middle-aged adults who are more likely to have a lower cardiovascular risk profile. The primary outcome will be all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes will include cardiovascular mortality, fatal stroke, fatal myocardial infarction, and death due to heart failure. Results The searches for existing systematic reviews and BPLTTC studies were piloted and modified. The study is expected to be completed before June 2018. Conclusions The findings of this study will contribute to the body of knowledge concerning the beneficial, neutral, or harmful effects of delayed BP-lowering drug treatment on the primary prevention of CVD in patients with mildly elevated BP and low-to-moderate CVD risk. Trial Registration PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews: CRD42017058414; https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/PROSPERO/display_record. asp? ID=CRD42017058414 (Archived by WebCite® at http://www.webcitation.org/6t6sa8O2Q)
Amniotic fluid oxidant–antioxidant status in foetal congenital nervous system anomalies

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the oxidant–antioxidant status of amniotic fluid in pregnant women with foetal congenital malformations of the central nervous system. Methods We studied pregnant women with foetal congenital nervous system anomalies at 16–22 weeks’ gestation (n = 36). The control group (n = 30) consisted of pregnant women at the same gestational age who underwent amniocentesis, resulting in a normal karyotype. We analysed glutathione, catalase, and malondialdehyde levels in amniotic fluid. Enzyme activation was measured by spectrophotometry. Results The demographic features of the groups were similar in terms of age, parity, body mass index, and gestational weeks. We detected lower glutathione and catalase levels in the foetal congenital anomaly group than in the control group. We detected higher malondialdehyde levels in the foetal congenital anomaly group than in the control group. Conclusion In the organism, the rate of formation of free radicals and their rate of removal are balanced, and this is called oxidative balance. As long as oxidative stability is achieved, the organism is not affected by free radicals. This fact should be kept in mind to avoid any type of teratogenic agent that could lead to congenital disorders.
Collaborative relation annotation and quality analysis in Markyt environment

Abstract Text mining is showing potential to help in biomedical knowledge integration and discovery at various levels. However, results depend largely on the specifics of the knowledge problem and, in particular, on the ability to produce high-quality benchmarking corpora that may support the training and evaluation of automatic prediction systems. Annotation tools enabling the flexible and customizable production of such corpora are thus pivotal. The open-source Markyt annotation environment brings together the latest web technologies to offer a wide range of annotation capabilities in a domain-agnostic way. It enables the management of multi-user and multi-round annotation projects, including inter-annotator agreement and consensus assessments. Also, Markyt supports the description of entity and relation annotation guidelines on a project basis, being flexible to partial word tagging and the occurrence of annotation overlaps. This paper describes the current release of Markyt, namely new annotation perspectives, which enable the annotation of relations among entities, and enhanced analysis capabilities. Several demos, inspired by public biomedical corpora, are presented as means to better illustrate such functionalities. Markyt aims to bring together annotation capabilities of broad interest to those producing annotated corpora. Markyt demonstration projects describe 20 different annotation tasks of varied document sources (e.g. abstracts, twitters or drug labels) and languages (e.g. English, Spanish or Chinese). Continuous development is based on feedback from practical applications as well as community reports on short- and medium-term mining challenges. Markyt is freely available for non-commercial use at http://markyt.org. Database URL: http://markyt.org