Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Type Inference for Resynthesis on Hardware Description Languages

Reconfigurable architectures are object of many studies that try to find tools for a more efficient way of programming, and friendly for software engineers. In spite of the recent advances, there are some applications in which the generated circuits are quite far from optimal. In this paper, we describe a resynthesis methodology, which is suitable for usual multimedia applications. This method transforms the whole algorithm, written in Small Talk, in a graph of LUTs that implements the required operations without the use of library components. The quality of the obtained circuitry is guaranteed by the use of "type inference", a context dependent technique that is the focus of current research on the design of high level circuit generators. Type inference technique comprises two stages: forward and backward data propagation, which allows a high level resynthesis of the algorithm. Thus, our environment automatically optimizes the word length and size of operators, and reduces their internal data paths and switching activity.
An inf-sup Stable and Residual-Free Bubble Element for the Oseen Equations

We investigate the residual-free bubble method for the linearized incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Starting with a nonconforming inf-sup stable element pair for approximating the velocity and pressure, we enrich the velocity space by discretely divergence-free bubble functions to handle the influence of strong convection. An important feature of the method is that the stabilization does not generate an additional coupling between the mass equation and the momentum equation as is the case for the streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin method applied to equal-order interpolation. Furthermore, the discrete solution is piecewise divergence-free, a property which is useful for the mass balance in transport equations coupled with the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations.
A Two-Stream Approach for Priority Management and Adaptive Rate Control in Multimedia Applications

In this paper, we propose a two-stream approach for adaptive rate control in multimedia applications. By monitoring a low-rate monitoring stream, we keep track of the available bandwidth (AB) of the network path and dynamically adjust the sending rate of the traffic stream close to the optimal rate. We also assure the higher priority of the monitoring stream in that the traffic stream is not allowed to affect the transmission of the monitoring stream. The proposed two-stream approach perfectly meets the requirements of the current best-effort Internet and fits well in multimedia applications. For example, there is no bandwidth overhead for the monitoring stream in peer-to-peer video conferencing, because the monitoring stream is the audio stream. We show in our experiments that both the network and the application can benefit from this approach. The proposed two-stream approach is applicable to monitor the sending rate of the traffic stream over UDP as well as over TCP.
INFERENCE BASED ON THE EMPIRICAL PROBABILITY GENERATING FUNCTION FOR MIXTURES OF POISSON DISTRIBUTIONS

Tail asymptotics of certain mixtures of Poisson distributions show that they are Paretian, their tail index being one of the parameters deening these laws. Estimators similar to those proposed by Press 15] for continuous stable laws are then used for the estimation of the parameters of such laws and asymptotic properties are proved. Inference is based on the empirical probability generating function. As special cases the discrete stable distribution, the discrete Linnik distribution, and the Sibuya distribution are examined.
1 2 M ay 2 00 5 κ-generalization of Gauss ’ law of error

Based on the κ-deformed functions (κ-exponential and κ-logarithm) and associated multiplication operation (κ-product) introduced by Kaniadakis (Phys. Rev. E 66 (2002) 056125), we present another one-parameter generalization of Gauss’ law of error. The likelihood function in Gauss’ law of error is generalized by means of the κ-product. This κ-generalized maximum likelihood principle leads to the so-called κ-Gaussian distributions.
Oceano-SLA based management of a computing utility

Oceano is a prototype of a highly available, scaleable, and manageable infrastructure for an e-business computing utility. It enables multiple customers to be hosted on a collection of sequentially shared resources. The hosting environment is divided into secure domains, each supporting one customer. These domains are dynamic: the resources assigned to them may be augmented when the load increases and reduced when load dips. This dynamic resource allocation enables flexible service level agreements (SLAs) with customers in an environment where peak loads are an order of magnitude greater than the normal steady state.
Functional Redundancy of Class I Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) Isoforms in Signaling Growth Factor-Mediated Human Neutrophil Survival

We have investigated the contribution of individual phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) Class I isoforms to the regulation of neutrophil survival using (i) a panel of commercially available small molecule isoform-selective PI3K Class I inhibitors, (ii) novel inhibitors, which target single or multiple Class I isoforms (PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kδ, and PI3Kγ), and (iii) transgenic mice lacking functional PI3K isoforms (p110δKOγKO or p110γKO). Our data suggest that there is considerable functional redundancy amongst Class I PI3Ks (both Class IA and Class IB) with regard to GM-CSF-mediated suppression of neutrophil apoptosis. Hence pharmacological inhibition of any 3 or more PI3K isoforms was required to block the GM-CSF survival response in human neutrophils, with inhibition of individual or any two isoforms having little or no effect. Likewise, isolated blood neutrophils derived from double knockout PI3K p110δKOγKO mice underwent normal time-dependent constitutive apoptosis and displayed identical GM-CSF mediated survival to wild type cells, but were sensitized to pharmacological inhibition of the remaining PI3K isoforms. Surprisingly, the pro-survival neutrophil phenotype observed in patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was resilient to inactivation of the PI3K pathway.
rest of the binding theory

This paper examines the distribution of English self-pronouns (himself, herself, etc.) in contrast with personal pronouns. We confirm that there are factors affecting the acceptability of self-pronouns at the syntactic, semantic, and discourse levels, and devise a Principle A with three distinct clauses to account for all of them. Each clause is crucially ordered with respect to the others, with syntax taking precedence over semantics, which in turn takes precedence over discourse constraints.
Aspect Orientation Based Test Case Selection Strategy for Service Composition

Software testing is an important part of software maintenance, but it can also be very expensive. To reduce this expense, software testers may select part of their test cases so that those that are more important are run earlier in the testing process. However, the methods that can be used to select test cases for service composition and its analysis are still lacking at present. This paper proposes an aspect orientation based test case selection strategy for service composition. Aspect-orientation is used to weave testing crosscutting concerns of service composition, which includes component testing concern and testing concern of service composition, the weaving mechanism dynamically integrates these schemas into a testing enforcement model. Based on this, the test cases selection strategy for service composition is given, and abstract it as a crosscutting concern to weave into testing model, the corresponding enforcement algorithm is also given, the operation semantics and related theories of Petri nets help prove its effectiveness and feasibility. A case study explains the testing process of service composition, and a series of experiments are done to explain that the use of aspects for testing Web service is more efficient than conventional techniques, which can improve the testing quality and efficiency.
A hybrid routing algorithm against routing attacks in Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs)

Dynamically changing network conditions pose a challenge for routing in Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs). The network conditions like topology, node density, energy constraint makes difficult to decide which protocol suits best for the scenario. The routing in MANETs exploits Proactive and Reactive Routing. Proactive routing provides better packet delivery while Reactive routing has low overheads. Thus, Hybrid routing approach is needed to carry out the routing using both proactive and reactive approaches. The paper proposes a Hybrid Routing algorithm which utilizes the benefits of both reactive and proactive routing in MANETs. The protocol mainly focuses on trust factor of the node which uses frequency of the node and number of retransmissions from the node. The protocol changes its behavior according to different applications in MANETs.
Predictors of Symptomatic Vasospasm After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Single Center Study of 457 Consecutive Cases.

AIM We set forth to identify predictors of symptomatic vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). MATERIAL AND METHODS We used multivariate logistic regression analysis of the prospective, hospital based, single center register of the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Debrecen, Hungary. Evaluated patients' characteristics were: sex, age, Hunt-Hess grade on admission, location of aneurysm, thickness of blood clot on initial CT scan (Fisher grade), hypertension. RESULTS Between 1987 and 2004, 567 SAH cases were registered, 457 were included in this study. Symptomatic vasospasm developed in 22.5% of the cases. In univariate analysis, Hunt-Hess grades 2 and 3 and female sex were predictive for symptomatic vasospasm. In multivariate analysis, female sex remained a significant predictor: OR: 1.8 (1.005-3.2). CONCLUSION Women are at more danger of developing symptomatic vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Solar power enhancement using concentration method, tracking system and fuzzy based control system

This research paper carries out a realistic experimental approach to enhance the solar output power to a significant level with the application of solar concentrator and tracking system and also proposes a fuzzy based control system for the utilization of the duration for which solar power is available. By using only a solar panel, the theoretical value is supposed to be around 40% more. The method is arranged using ‘Double Sun Technology’ and ‘Solar Tracker’. In addition to ‘Double Sun Technology’, four flat mirrors have been used to increase the output power. A remarkable enhancement in the output power is achieved with this method. Rather than using only a solar panel, the output power increases by 58.32% by using a photovoltaic (PV) panel with four flat mirrors with solar tracker system. The concentrators are designed to collect the incident light from the sun and concentrate them on the PV panel so that the solar irradiance is more. The experiment is conducted in four different setups. In the first setup, the output power is calculated without the use of Double Sun and solar tracker. In the second setup, power is measured with Double Sun but without solar tracker. Both Double Sun and solar tracker are used in the third setup. Then four flat mirrors and solar tracker are considered. Output power has been calculated using open circuit voltage and short circuit current. Finally, the proposed system improves the total output by maximum utilization of available photovoltaic energy and maximum utilization of the duration for which solar power is available based on fuzzy logic.
A temperature stabilized multi-path gated ring oscillator based TDC

A temperature stabilized and high timing resolution time-to-digital converter (TDC) using a variable power supply control multi-path gated ring oscillator is presented in this paper. To achieve a sub-gate delay resolution, a multi-path ring oscillator is used. The temperature stabilized gated ring oscillator is based on measuring the frequency of the gated ring oscillator by a frequency-to-voltage converter (FVC) and locking that voltage to a stable voltage reference. The frequency of the gated ring oscillator was approximately 2.1 GHz, achieving a resolution of 5 ps. Its inaccuracy is -0.15ps~0.38ps under temperature range -40°C~150°C.
Chromosome architecture in the decondensing human sperm nucleus

Whereas recent studies demonstrated a well-defined nuclear architecture in human sperm nuclei, little is known about the mode of DNA compaction above the elementary structural unit of nucleoprotamine toroids. Here, using fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) with arm-specific DNA probes of chromosomes 1, 2 and 5, we visualized arm domains and established hierarchical levels of sperm chromatin structures. The compact chromosome territories, which in sperm have a preferred intranuclear localization, have an extended conformation represented by a 2000 nm chromatin fiber. This fiber is composed of a 1000 nm chromatin thread bent at 180° near centromere. Two threads of 1000 nm, representing p-arm and q-arm chromatin, run in antiparallel fashion and join at the telomeres. Each 1000 nm thread, in turn, resolves into two rows of chromatin globules 500 nm in diameter interconnected with thinner chromatin strands. We propose a unified comprehensive model of chromosomal and nuclear architecture in human sperm that, as we suggest, is important for successful fertilization and early development.
Asymmetric information in the hong kong forward property market

Use of forward contracts for pre‐selling uncompleted properties is becoming popular in many countries. However, there have been limited researches investigating the risks arising from asymmetric information specific to buying a presale property and the critical factors required for the development of an effective forward property market. Hong Kong is one of the largest forward property markets in the world and it has been getting mature after half‐a‐century long development. This paper therefore aims to study the asymmetric information problem found in the forward property markets in different areas and explores the set of factors that are critical to the development of a forward property market by referencing the development of the Hong Kong forward property market.
Coordinated Control Strategy of Wind Turbine Generator and Energy Storage Equipment for Frequency Support

With the increasing penetration of wind power in power systems, it is desirable for wind turbines to have similar characteristics as conventional synchronous generators. Conventional generators provide frequency support to the grid through the methods of inertial response and primary and secondary frequency regulation, whereas variable-speed wind turbine generators (WTGs) do not have those desired abilities because they are integrated into the power grid via power electronic converters. Although many different control strategies have already been published to enable WTGs to temporarily support the transient frequency, the published strategies may bring various negative effects to the system. This paper proposes a new control strategy to compensate for inertia of the wind farm. It can improve WTGs' temporary frequency support based on the coordinated control of the WTGs and the energy storage (ES) system. The simulation results show that this strategy could provide better performance of temporary frequency support and overcome problems such as system frequency oscillation and a secondary frequency drop. The proposed control strategy can be realized in all wind speed conditions with a small-scale ES system.
Exposure to HIV-1 Directly Impairs Mucosal Epithelial Barrier Integrity Allowing Microbial Translocation

While several clinical studies have shown that HIV-1 infection is associated with increased permeability of the intestinal tract, there is very little understanding of the mechanisms underlying HIV-induced impairment of mucosal barriers. Here we demonstrate that exposure to HIV-1 can directly breach the integrity of mucosal epithelial barrier, allowing translocation of virus and bacteria. Purified primary epithelial cells (EC) isolated from female genital tract and T84 intestinal cell line were grown to form polarized, confluent monolayers and exposed to HIV-1. HIV-1 X4 and R5 tropic laboratory strains and clinical isolates were seen to reduce transepithelial resistance (TER), a measure of monolayer integrity, by 30–60% following exposure for 24 hours, without affecting viability of cells. The decrease in TER correlated with disruption of tight junction proteins (claudin 1, 2, 4, occludin and ZO-1) and increased permeability. Treatment of ECs with HIV envelope protein gp120, but not HIV tat, also resulted in impairment of barrier function. Neutralization of gp120 significantly abrogated the effect of HIV. No changes to the barrier function were observed when ECs were exposed to Env defective mutant of HIV. Significant upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, were seen in both intestinal and genital epithelial cells following exposure to HIV-1. Neutralization of TNF-α reversed the reduction in TERs. The disruption in barrier functions was associated with viral and bacterial translocation across the epithelial monolayers. Collectively, our data shows that mucosal epithelial cells respond directly to envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1 by upregulating inflammatory cytokines that lead to impairment of barrier functions. The increased permeability could be responsible for small but significant crossing of mucosal epithelium by virus and bacteria present in the lumen of mucosa. This mechanism could be particularly relevant to mucosal transmission of HIV-1 as well as immune activation seen in HIV-1 infected individuals.
Reaction kernels: predicting enzyme functions you have never seen before

Motivation: Enzyme function prediction is an important problem in post-genomic bioinformatics. There are two general methods for solving the problem: annotation transfer from a similar annotated protein, and machine learning approaches that treat the problem as classification against a fixed taxonomy, such as Gene Ontology or the EC hierarchy. These methods are suitable in cases where the function of the new protein is indeed previously characterized and included in the taxonomy. However, given a new function that is not previously described, these approaches arguably do not offer adequate support for the human expert. Results: In this paper, we explore a structured output learning approach, where enzyme function—an enzymatic reaction—is described in fine-grained fashion with so called reaction kernels which allow interpolation and extrapolation in the output (reaction) space. A structured output model is learned via Maximum Margin Regression to predict enzymatic reactions from sequence motifs. We bring forward several choices for constructing reaction kernels and experiment with them in the remote homology case where the functions in the test set have not been seen in the training phase. Our experiments demonstrate the viabilty of our approach. Availability: Software and datasets will be made available by the time of the conference. Computing Reviews (1998)
The association between leukocyte telomere length and cigarette smoking, dietary and physical variables, and risk of prostate cancer

Telomeres consist of nucleotide repeats and a protein complex at chromosome ends that are essential to maintaining chromosomal integrity. Several studies have suggested that subjects with shorter telomeres are at increased risk of bladder and lung cancer. In comparison to normal tissues, telomeres are shorter in high‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer. We examined prostate cancer risk associated with relative telomere length as determined by quantitative PCR on prediagnostic buffy coat DNA isolated from 612 advanced prostate cancer cases and 1049 age‐matched, cancer‐free controls from the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial. Telomere length was analyzed as both a continuous and a categorical variable with adjustment for potential confounders. Statistically significant inverse correlations between telomere length, age and smoking status were observed in cases and controls. Telomere length was not associated with prostate cancer risk (at the median, OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.67, 1.08); associations were similar when telomere length was evaluated as a continuous variable or by quartiles. The relationships between telomere length and inflammation‐related factors, diet, exercise, body mass index, and other lifestyle variables were explored since many of these have previously been associated with shorter telomeres. Healthy lifestyle factors (i.e., lower BMI, more exercise, tobacco abstinence, diets high in fruit and vegetables) tended to be associated with greater telomere length. This study found no statistically significant association between leukocyte telomere length and advanced prostate cancer risk. However, correlations of telomere length with healthy lifestyles were noted, suggesting the role of these factors in telomere biology maintenance and potentially impacting overall health status.
Infectious Diseases and Extinction Risk in Wild Mammals

Abstract: Parasite‐driven declines in wildlife have become increasingly common and can pose significant risks to natural populations. We used the IUCN Red List of Threatened and Endangered Species and compiled data on hosts threatened by infectious disease and their parasites to better understand the role of infectious disease in contemporary host extinctions. The majority of mammal species considered threatened by parasites were either carnivores or artiodactyls, two clades that include the majority of domesticated animals. Parasites affecting host threat status were predominantly viruses and bacteria that infect a wide range of host species, including domesticated animals. Counter to our predictions, parasites transmitted by close contact were more likely to cause extinction risk than those transmitted by other routes. Mammal species threatened by parasites were not better studied for infectious diseases than other threatened mammals and did not have more parasites or differ in four key traits demonstrated to affect parasite species richness in other comparative studies. Our findings underscore the need for better information concerning the distribution and impacts of infectious diseases in populations of endangered mammals. In addition, our results suggest that evolutionary similarity to domesticated animals may be a key factor associated with parasite‐mediated declines; thus, efforts to limit contact between domesticated hosts and wildlife could reduce extinction risk.
Microwaves and low dimension carbon: Characterisation and applications

Single and two dimensional carbon materials represent a major development in advanced materials of the past two decades, with potential major disruptive applications across ICT, high frequency electronics. The microwave interactions of these materials has only much more recently been investigated. In this paper we present details of a very sensitive non-invasive method to characterize the electrical properties of graphene at the large scale, also the investigation of carbon nanotubes as high frequency interconnects and graphene nano-electromechanical resonators driven and detected by a microwave resonator near-field technique. We speculate on future microwave and reduced dimension carbon applications.