Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The personal, societal, and economic burden of schizophrenia in the People’s Republic of China: implications for antipsychotic therapy

Background This article describes the personal, societal, and economic burden attributable to schizophrenia in the People’s Republic of China and highlights the potential for effective outpatient treatment to reduce this burden given recent changes in the Chinese health care system. The importance of effective antipsychotic therapy in reducing the burden of schizophrenia is also examined. Methods Published research on the burden, disability, management, and economic costs of schizophrenia in the People’s Republic of China was examined in the context of the larger body of global research. Research written in English or Chinese and published before June 2012 was identified using PubMed, CNKI, and Wanfang Med database searches. The contribution of effective antipsychotic therapy in reducing the risk for relapse and hospitalization and improving patients’ functioning is described. Results Schizophrenia imposes a substantial burden on Chinese society, with indirect costs accounting for the majority of the total cost. Functional impairment is high, leading to lost wages and work impairment. In the People’s Republic of China, schizophrenia is the most common diagnosis among hospitalized psychiatric patients. Ongoing changes in the Chinese health care system may reduce some barriers to effective relapse prevention in schizophrenia and potentially reduce hospitalizations. The use of antipsychotics for acute episodes and maintenance treatment has been shown to decrease symptom severity and reduce the risk for relapse and hospitalization. However, discontinuing antipsychotic medication appears common and is a strong predictor of relapse. Cost-effectiveness research in the People’s Republic of China is needed to examine the potential gains from improved outpatient antipsychotic treatment. Conclusion Schizophrenia is a very costly mental illness in terms of personal, economic, and societal burden, both in the People’s Republic of China and globally. When treated effectively, patients tend to persist longer with antipsychotic treatment, have fewer costly relapses, and have improved functioning. Further research examining the long-term effects of reducing barriers to effective treatments on the societal burden of schizophrenia in the People’s Republic of China is needed.
Building a potential field to provide real-time transmission in wireless sensor network

The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is embracing an increasing number of real-time applications subject to strict delay constraints. Utilizing the methodology of potential field in physics, we present an effective way to address the challenges in real-time transmission. We propose the Potential based Real-Time Routing (PRTR) protocol, which provides real-time transmission using multi-path routing algorithm based on a composite potential field. PRTR features a delay-minimized real-time routing as well as alleviating congestion simultaneously.
Independence of Firing Correlates of Anatomically Proximate Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells

In neocortex, neighboring neurons frequently exhibit correlated encoding properties. There is conflicting evidence whether a similar phenomenon occurs in hippocampus. To assess this quantitatively, a comparison was made of the spatial and temporal firing correlations within and between local groups of hippocampal cells, spaced 350-1400 microm apart. No evidence of clustering was found in a sample of >3000 neurons. Moreover, cells active in two environments were uniformly interspersed at a scale of <100 microm, as assessed by the activity-induced gene Arc. Independence of encoding characteristics implies uncorrelated inputs, which could enhance the capacity of the hippocampus to store arbitrary associations.
ENORM: An Essential Notation for Object-Relational Mapping

Despite the growing adoption of object-relational mapping frameworks, UML and its most widespread extensions do not represent these mappings in a platform independent way. Maintaining mappings scattered in the code is difficult and error prone, specially if the schema is large and serves several systems. This paper proposes ENORM, a notation that extends class models representing all the essential mappings. ENORM is platform independent, providing a meta-model based on design patterns employed by three frameworks of Java, Ruby, and Python languages. An empirical evaluation indicates that ENORM performs well in comparison to separated models.
DB-quiz: a DBpedia-backed knowledge game

We developed a quiz game that uses questions automatically generated from the Czech and English DBpedia. The game uses class membership and categorization to split DBpedia resources into domains of questions, such as persons or films. Difficulty of questions is estimated by using the indegree graph metric based on links between Wikipedia pages. Surface forms of the DBpedia resources including inbound link labels and select properties are used to remove potential spoilers from questions. We evaluate the relation of indegree to answer success rate and the contribution of semantic features for spoiler removal using online evaluation during game sessions with actual users. Our findings indicate that answer success rate correlates with indegree, but it has a stronger correlation with page views. The evaluation also suggests that additional surface forms improve spoiler detection.
Implications of hyperglycaemia and ethnicity in patients with acute coronary syndromes in New Zealand

Background: Admission blood glucose (ABG) is an independent predictor of death in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In New Zealand, mortality following myocardial infarction is disproportionally higher in Maori. Little information, however, exists concerning the predictive value of ABG in non‐ST elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTEACS) events or indeed if similar ethnic differences exist in outcome in this patient population.
Genotyping of German sheep with respect to scrapie susceptibility

HAHN, E. C. , PIERCE, S. K. & GIBBS, E. P. J. (1996) Proceedings of the 14th IPVS Congress, Bologna, Italy, July 7-10 HAHN, E. C. , PAGE, G. R. , HAHN, P. S. , GILLIS, K. D. , ROMERO, C. & GIBBS, E. P. J. (1997) Veterinary Microbiology 55, 123 HERMANN, S. , HEPPNER, B. & LUDWIG, H. (1984) Current Topics in Veterinary Animal Science 27, 387 KUKEDI, A. , JANOS, T. , ZSAK, L. & LOMNICZI, B. (1990) Magyar Allartorvosok Lapja 45, 467 LOMNICZI, B. , BLANKENSHIP, M. & BEN-PORAT, T. (1984) Journal of Virology 49, 181 LOMNICZI, B. , NAGY, E. , KUKEDI, A. & ZSAK, L. (1989) Vaccination and Control of Aujesky's Disease. Brussels and Luxemburg, ECSC, EEC, EAEC. p 93 LUTZ, W. & WURM, R. (1996) Zeitschriftfir Jagdwissenschaften 42, 123 McFERRAN, J. B. & DOW, C. (1964) Research in Veterinary Science 5, 405 MULLER, T. , TEUFFERT, J., ZIEDLER, K. , POSSARDT, C. , KRAMER, M. , STAUBACH, C. & CONRATHS, F. J. (1998) Journal of Wildlife Diseases 34, 251 MULLER, T. , TEUFFERT, J., ZELLMER, R. , STAUBACH, C. , KLUPP, B. , OTTE, J. & CONRATHS, F. J. (1997) Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, July 8-11, Paris. Epidemiology et sante animale. p 31-32, 01.08 NAGY, E. , GAB6R, V. , LASZL6, V. , SZABOLCSNE, S. & LOMNICZI, B. (1985) Magyar Allartorvosok Lapja 40, 713 NETTLES, V. F. (1991) Proceedings ofthe United States Animal Health Association 95, 551 NEUMANN, W. & BECHMANN, G. (1981) Berliner Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 94, 128 ORMISTON, R. R. (1989) Proceedings of the United States Animal Health Association 93, 441 OSLAGE, U. , DAHLE, J., MULLER, T. , KRAMER, M. , BEIER, D. & LIESS, B. (1994) Deutsche Tierdrztliche Wochenschrift 101, 33 RIXON, F. J. & BEN-PORAT, T. (1979) Virology 97, 151 ROMERO, C. H. , MEADE, P., SANTAGATA, J., GILLIS, K. , LOLLIS, G. , HAHN, E. C. & GIBBS, E. P. J. (1997) Veterinary Microbiology 55, 131 SAMBROOK, J., FRITSCH, E. F. & MANIATIS, T. (1989) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor, New York, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory VAN DER LEEK, M. L. , BECKER, H. N. , PIRTLE, E. C. , HUMPHREY, P., ADAMS, C. L. , ALL, B. P., ERICKSON, G. A. , BELDEN, R. C. , FRANKENBERGER, W. B. & GIBBS, E. P. J. (1993) Journal of Wildlife Diseases 29,403 WITTMAN, G. , BAUER, K. , COMMICHAU, C. , FROST, J. W. , GLENDE, W. , HENTSCHKE, J., KOCH, K. , LIEBKE, H. , SCHAWEL, R. & WERNERY, U. (1987) Tierdrztliche Umschau 42, 41 YAMADA, S. , NISHIMORI, T. & SHIMIZU, M. (1992) Journal of Veterinary and Medical Science 54, 541
Feasibility Study of Social Media for Public Health Behaviour Changes

Social networking sites such as Twitter and Facebook have been shown to function as effective social sensors that can "feel the pulse" of a community. The aim of the current study is to test the feasibility of designing, implementing and evaluating a bespoke social media-enabled intervention that can be effective for sharing and changing knowledge, attitudes and behaviours in meaningful ways to promote public health, specifically with regards to prevention of skin cancer. We present the design and implementation details of the campaign followed by summary findings and analysis.
Interleukin-7 is necessary to maintain the B cell potential in common lymphoid progenitors

Interleukin-7 (IL-7) promotes survival and expansion of lymphoid precursors. We show here that, in addition, IL-7 has a fundamental role, as early as the stage of the multipotent (B/T/NK) common lymphoid progenitor (CLP), in maintaining the B cell differentiation program open. CLPs generated in the absence of IL-7 have normal T/NK differentiation potential, but severely impaired B potential. Accordingly, CLPs from IL-7-deficient mice express lower amounts of early B cell factor (EBF) and Pax5 than wild-type CLPs, but similar amounts of GATA-3. Importantly, induced overexpression of EBF is sufficient to restore the B potential in these cells. These results indicate that IL-7 directs commitment of CLPs by modulating EBF expression. This is the first example of a cytokine influencing lymphoid lineage commitment in multipotent progenitors and highlights the relevance of the expression of a functional IL-7 receptor at the CLP stage.
Directed polymers in random environment are diffusive at weak disorder

In this paper, we consider directed polymers in random environment with discrete space and time. For transverse dimension at least equal to 3, we prove that diffusivity holds for the path in the full weak disorder region, i.e., where the partition function differs from its annealed value only by a non-vanishing factor. Deep inside this region, we also show that the quenched averaged energy has fluctuations of order 1. In complete generality (arbitrary dimension and temperature), we prove monotonicity of the phase diagram in the temperature.
Differential response of fetal and adult fibroblasts to cytokines: cell migration and hyaluronan synthesis.

Previous studies have indicated that fetal skin fibroblasts display an elevated level of migratory activity compared to adult cells and that this may result from inherent differences in the production of hyaluronan (HA) by these cells. Data presented in this communication indicate that the elevated level of fetal fibroblast migration into 3D-collagen gels and HA synthesis by these cells were not affected by epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). In contrast, both cell migration and HA synthesis by fetal fibroblasts were inhibited by transforming growth factor-betal (TGF-beta1). Adult fibroblasts responded to these cytokines in a distinct fashion: i.e. cell migration and HA synthesis were stimulated by EGF, PDGF, aFGF and bFGF, but remained unaffected by TGF-beta1. Gel-filtration chromatography revealed that these effects of cytokines on HA synthesis were predominantly confined to the production of high molecular mass (>106 kDa) species. Co-exposure of cells to both cytokines and Streptomyces hyaluronidase revealed that (1) the elevated migration of control fetal fibroblasts was inhibited by hyaluronidase, (2) this inhibition was partially restored by co-exposure to EGF, PDGF, aFGF and bFGF, but remained unaffected by TGF-beta1, (3) the migration of control adult fibroblasts was unaffected by hyaluronidase and partially stimulated by EGF, aFGF and bFGF (when compared to the effects of these cytokines on cells cultured in the absence of hyaluronidase) and (4) neither PDGF nor TGF-beta1 affected the migration of hyaluronidase-treated adult cells. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between cell migration and HA synthesis by both fetal and adult fibroblasts in the presence and absence of cytokines (r2=0.9277, P<0.0001), with the exception of adult fibroblasts exposed to PDGF. Taken together, these findings suggest that (1) the migration of fetal and adult fibroblasts is differentially modulated by exogenous cytokines and (2) with the possible exception of the effects of PDGF on adult fibroblasts, cytokine-induced modulation of cell migration appears to utilise both HA-dependent and HA-independent pathways.
Edge-carboxylated graphene nanosheets via ball milling

Low-cost, high-yield production of graphene nanosheets (GNs) is essential for practical applications. We have achieved high yield of edge-selectively carboxylated graphite (ECG) by a simple ball milling of pristine graphite in the presence of dry ice. The resultant ECG is highly dispersable in various solvents to self-exfoliate into single- and few-layer (≤ 5 layers) GNs. These stable ECG (or GN) dispersions have been used for solution processing, coupled with thermal decarboxylation, to produce large-area GN films for many potential applications ranging from electronic materials to chemical catalysts. The electrical conductivity of a thermally decarboxylated ECG film was found to be as high as 1214 S/cm, which is superior to its GO counterparts. Ball milling can thus provide simple, but efficient and versatile, and eco-friendly (CO2-capturing) approaches to low-cost mass production of high-quality GNs for applications where GOs have been exploited and beyond.
Terrestrial pyrogenic carbon export to fluvial ecosystems: Lessons learned from the White Nile watershed of East Africa

Pyrogenic carbon (PyC) is important because of its role in the global organic C (OC) cycle and in modifying soil properties. However, our understanding of PyC movement from terrestrial to fluvial ecosystems is not robust. This study examined (i) whether erosion or subsurface transport was more important for PyC export from headwaters, (ii) whether PyC was exported preferentially to total OC (TOC), and (iii) whether the movement of PyC from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems provides an explanation for the coupling of PyC and non‐PyC observed in rivers at a global scale. In the Guineo‐Congolian highland forest region of western Kenya, duplicate catchments with sizes of 1–12 ha were equipped with stream gauges in primary forest and adjacent mixed agricultural landscapes that were cleared by fire 10, 16, or 62 years before. Stream water samples were taken weekly throughout 1 year and compared with runoff to assess PyC movement. Additional stream samples were taken from all major tributaries of the White Nile watershed of Lake Victoria. PyC was not found to be preferentially eroded relative to TOC or non‐PyC, as topsoil (0–0.15 m) PyC concentrations (6.3 ± 0.3% of TOC; means and standard errors) were greater than runoff sediment (1.9 ± 0.4%) and dissolved PyC concentrations (2.0 ± 0.4%, n = 252). In addition, PyC proportions in eroded sediment were lower than and uncorrelated (r2 = 0.04; P = 0.14) with topsoil PyC. An enrichment of PyC was found with depth in the soil, from 6.3 ± 0.3% of TOC in the topsoil (0–0.15 m) to 12.3 ± 0.3% of TOC at 1–2 m. Base flow PyC proportions of TOC correlated well with subsoil PyC (r2 = 0.57; P < 0.05) but not with topsoil PyC (r2 = 0.18; P > 0.05). Similar PyC proportions were found in the studied headwater streams (2.7 ± 0.2%), their downstream inflow into Lake Victoria (3.7%), the other nine major rivers into Lake Victoria (4.9 ± 0.8%), and its outflow into the White Nile (1.1%). A strong positive correlation between dissolved PyC and non‐PyC (r2 = 0.91; P < 0.0001) in the headwater streams reflect relationships previously seen for a range of globally important rivers, and contrasts with a negative relationship for suspended sediments (r2 = −0.5; P < 0.0001). The estimated PyC export from the Lake Victoria watershed of 11 Gg yr−1 may therefore originate to a large extent from subsoil pathways in dissolved form that appeared to be an important source of PyC in aquatic environments and may explain the coupling of PyC and non‐PyC at a global scale.
Incoming human papillomavirus type 16 genome resides in a vesicular compartment throughout mitosis

Significance Following egress from the endocytic compartment, nonenveloped DNA viruses have a distinct cytoplasmic phase whereupon the viral genome is transported into the nucleus of infected cells via nuclear pores. In contrast, the human papillomavirus (HPV) waits for nuclear envelope breakdown during mitosis to gain access to the nucleus. Here we provide evidence that the HPV genome resides continuously in a transport vesicle until mitosis is completed. This suggests that membrane-bound vesicles can temporally exist in the nucleus. Because vesicles are not normally detected in the nucleus, this also points to the existence of an unrecognized cell pathway for the disposal of nuclear vesicles. During the entry process, the human papillomavirus (HPV) capsid is trafficked to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), whereupon it enters the nucleus during mitosis. We previously demonstrated that the minor capsid protein L2 assumes a transmembranous conformation in the TGN. Here we provide evidence that the incoming viral genome dissociates from the TGN and associates with microtubules after the onset of mitosis. Deposition onto mitotic chromosomes is L2-mediated. Using differential staining of an incoming viral genome by small molecular dyes in selectively permeabilized cells, nuclease protection, and flotation assays, we found that HPV resides in a membrane-bound vesicle until mitosis is completed and the nuclear envelope has reformed. As a result, expression of the incoming viral genome is delayed. Taken together, these data provide evidence that HPV has evolved a unique strategy for delivering the viral genome to the nucleus of dividing cells. Furthermore, it is unlikely that nuclear vesicles are unique to HPV, and thus we may have uncovered a hitherto unrecognized cellular pathway that may be of interest for future cell biological studies.
3D Diff: an interactive approach to mesh differencing and conflict resolution

We present an open source tool, 3D Diff, that supports differencing and merging of 3D models. As modeling software grows in use, and as 3D models get more complex and require input from more users, there is an emerging problem of maintaining large scenes over time. A scene might be concurrently edited by different users and thus there is a need to merge different versions of a 3D model. We frame this problem in a way that is analogous to software merging: firstly, we automatically detect differences in 3D models by noting correspondences and discrepancies between them; secondly we provide an interactive tool to select between such changes in order to effect a merge. To achieve this we introduce the notions of explicit and implicit conflicts in 3D models and develop a prototype implementation to support the differencing and merging processes. We evaluate this tool with users and find the 3D Diff to be an effective way of merging 3D models. We claim that such tools have an important role to play in the maintenance of large models.
Mechanism of Growth and Rupture in Cerebral Berry Aneurysms*

cies shown emphasize the complenientary nature of each procedure. In the assessment of patients with lung disease for surgery, as opposed to physiological research, the bronchoscopic technique is the more useful because it is on an anatomical lobar or segmental basis, rather than being topographical like the xenon, and because it is possible not only to measure the distribution of the tidal volume into different lobes but to assess the ventilation and blood-flow balance in them,aswellasgetting information about the mechanical chances in the lung at a lobar level (Hugh-Jones and West, 1960 ; McGrath and Hugh-Jones, 1963). The radioactive-gas studies, along with whole-lung tomographs, afford a valuable screening procedure, for the detection of areas with a poor blood-flow, before bronchoscopy. A major difficulty has been the selection of patients suitable for operation. The recognition of the degree to which chronic bronchitis contributes to a patient's disability has been of the utmost importance. Further, the contribution of this factor to post-operative mortality has been indicated. We would consider any form of untreated bronchitis a contraindication to assessment or recommendation for surgery. On the other hand, we have shown that, in spite of gross disability and generalized emphysema, dramatic subjective and functional improvement may occur. A further difficulty has been the assessment of the surgical result due to the variation in the procedures performed. As the appearances at thoracotomy do not necessarily confirm the expected radiological or regional functional findings, decision regarding the most suitable procedure must be decided when the lung is exposed. For this reason no clear recommendation for the type of procedure can be given at present. Further investigation of mechanical events in the lung before and after surgery is required, particularly their relation to the presence of tracheobronchial collapse as observed on the spirogram and at bronchoscopy. Some standardization of the type of operation is clearly necessary in addition to careful pathological study of resected material to correlate the type of emphysema with the functional result.
Audio Object Separation Using Microphone Array Beamforming

Audio production is moving toward an object-based approach, where content is represented as audio together with metadata that describe the sound scene. From current object definitions, it would usually be expected that the audio portion of the object is free from interfering sources. This poses a potential problem for object-based capture, if microphones cannot be placed close to a source. This paper investigates the application of microphone array beamforming to separate a mixture into distinct audio objects. Real mixtures recorded by a 48-channel microphone array in reflective rooms were separated, and the results were evaluated using perceptual models in addition to physical measures based on the beam pattern. The effect of interfering objects was reduced by applying the beamforming techniques.
Natural and Artificial Superwettable Surfaces-Superficial Phenomena: An Extreme Wettability Scenario

With the help of biomimetics, superficial characteristics were transposed, through various methods, onto artificially obtained materials. Many industrial fields applied surface architecture modifications as improvements of classic materi-als/methods. The medico-pharmaceutical, biochemical, transportation, and textile fields are few examples of industrial areas welcoming a “structural change. ” Anti-bioadhesion was widely exploited by means of antibacterial or self-cleaning fabrics and cell culturing/screening/isolation. Anti-icing, antireflective, and anticorrosion materials/coatings gained attention in the transportation and optical device fields. Interdisciplinary approaches on extreme wettability include “solid-fluid” formations called liquid marbles, which will be further discussed as a superhydrophobic behavior exponent.