Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CCAAT-Binding Factor Interfering with the Binding of Transcription Factor Causing Changes in Chromatin Conformation and Gene Expression by APC Promoter Methylation Inhibits

As an important regulator in Wnt-signaling pathway, the APC gene is involved in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The loss of APC function is observed in most familial adenomatous polyposis-associated and sporadic colorectal cancer. APC gene is frequently inactivated by DNA mutations. However, hypermethylation in APC gene promoter was also observed in different cancers. In this study, by analyzing the methylation status of APC promoter in 22 colorectal cancer cell lines with different APC expression levels, we identified Regions A and B in the promoter, where the methylation of CpG sites was invariably correlated with the loss of gene expression. By nuclease accessibility assay, we also observed a correlation between the closed chromatin conformation in APC promoter and loss of gene expression. When the nonexpressing cell lines were treated with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-Aza-2 -Deoxycytidine, the APC expression in these cells was induced, CpG sites were demethylated, and closed chromatin conformation was opened. However, when these cell lines were treated with a histone deacetylase inhibitor, Trichostatin A, no significant changes in APC expression, methylation status, and chromatin conformation were observed. Using transient transfection assay, a CCAAT box located in Region B was identified, which was involved in up-regulation of APC expression. Methylation of CpG sites around the CCAAT box resulted in a significant inhibition in the gene expression. The specific binding of a transcription factor CCAAT-binding factor (CBF) to the CCAAT box was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift analysis. The binding was inhibited after CpG sites close to the CCAAT box were methylated, indicating that DNA methylation can silence gene expression through interfering with the binding of transcription factors to the promoter. The biological function of CBF in APC gene regulation was further indicated by the decrease of luciferase activities in cells cotransfected with a plasmid carrying APC promoter/luciferase gene and a plasmid expressing dominant negative CBF mutant. In summary, methylation of CpG sites around CCAAT box in APC promoter inhibits the gene expression by changing the chromatin conformation and interfering with the binding of transcription factor CBF to CCAAT box.
Microscopic entropy of the most general four-dimensional BPS black hole

In a recent paper we have given the macroscopic and microscopic description of the generating solution of toroidally compactified string theory BPS black holes. In this note we compute its corresponding microscopic entropy. Since by definition the generating solution is the most general solution modulo U-duality transformations, this result accounts for the degeneracy of microstates determining the entropy of any regular BPS black holes of toroidally compactified string (or M) theory.
Astrocytes recognize intracellular polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid via MDA‐5

RNA virus replication results in expression of double‐stranded RNA (ds‐RNA) molecules that trigger innate immune responses through interactions with both intracellular and extracellular receptors. We investigated the contributions of the extracellular and intracellular pathways to innate immunity in murine astrocyte primary cultures using polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), a synthetic ds‐RNA molecule designed to mimic RNA virus infection. Whereas extracellular poly I:C (naked poly I:C) mainly induced the expression of regulated on activation normal T‐cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), interleukin‐8 (IL 8), and tumor necrosis factor a (TNF‐α), intracellular delivery of poly I:C (complexed poly I:C) chiefly induced expression of IFN‐β and IL‐6. Experiments with astrocytes from Toll‐like receptor 3 (TLR‐3) knockout mice indicated that naked poly I:C signals via a TLR‐3‐dependent NF‐κB pathway. Complexed poly I:C induced the expression of the intracellular ds‐RNA sensor proteins, retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG‐I), and melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5 (MDA‐5). However, transfection of astrocytes with dominant negative forms of the helicases implicated MDA‐5, but not RIG‐I, as the intracellular sensor of poly I:C. Complexed poly I:C‐mediated MDA‐5 stimulation transmitted “downstream” signals, resulting in activation of the transcription factors NF‐κB and IRF‐3. Our results illustrate the intricacy of extracellular and intracellular ds‐RNA recognition in viral infections of the central nervous system and indicate the importance of MDA‐5 helicase as an intracellular ds‐RNAsensor in astrocytes. De Miranda, J., Yaddanapudi, K. , Hornig, M. , Lipkin, W. I. Astrocytes recognize intracellular polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid via MDA‐5. FASEB J. 23, 1064–1071 (2009)
Smartphone adoption drivers and challenges in urban living: Cases from Seoul and Bangalore

This survey of 101 working-age professionals in Seoul, South Korea, and Bangalore, India, examines the drivers and impediments in the adoption and use of smartphonesamong visually impaired residents in two urban settings. Using in-depth interviews with 10 respondents in each city, we found three factors that influence technology use.These are the initial transition experience, the role of the community in supporting accessibility, and the mobile device's relationship to independence in accessible technology use.These in turn are related to ways in which the capabilities of a device and its broader environment such as its apps relate to social interactions such as transit navigation and economic opportunities. Through the voices of visually impaired mobile users in both countries, we propose that designers examine mobile technologies within a broader context thatincludesa device's usability for individuals and extends to the social networks and public spaces and institutions that these devices facilitate access to.
Generating Euler Diagrams from Existing Layouts

Euler diagrams have a wide variety of uses, from information visualiza- tion to logical reasoning. In the case of software engineeri ng, they form the basis of a number of notations, such as state charts and constraint diagrams. In all of their application areas, the ability to automatically layout Eul er diagrams brings consid- erable benefits. There have been several recent contributio ns towards the automatic generation and layout of Euler diagrams, all of which start from an abstract de- scription of the diagram and produce a collection of closed curves embedded in the plane. In this paper, we are concerned with producing layouts by modifying exist- ing ones. This type of layout approach is particularly useful in domains where we require an updated, or modified, diagram such as in a logical r easoning context. We provide two methods to add a curve to an Euler diagram in order to create a new diagram. The first method is guaranteed to produce layouts th at meet specified well- formedness conditions that are typically chosen by others who produced generation algorithms; these conditions are thought to correlate well accurate user interpreta- tion. We also overview a second method that can be used to produce a layout of any abstract description.
Near infrared spectroscopic search for the close orbiting planet HD 75289b

We present a search for the near infrared spectroscopic signature of the close orbiting extrasolar giant planet HD 75289b. We obtained »230 spectra in the wavelength range 2.18 „m -2.19 „m using the Phoenix spectrograph at Gemini South. By considering the direct spectrum, derived from irradiated model atmospheres, we search for the absorption profile signature present in the combined star and planet light. Since the planetary spectrum is separated from the stellar spectrum at most phases, we apply a phase dependent orbital model and tomographic techniques to search for absorption signatures. Because the absorption signature lies buried in the noise of a single exposure we apply a multiline deconvolution to the spectral lines available in order to boost the effective S/N ratio of the data. The wavelength coverage of 80 ˚ A is expected to contain » 100 planetary lines, enabling a mean line with S/N ratio of 800 to be achieved after deconvolution. We are nevertheless unable to detect the presence of the planet in the data and carry out further simulations to show that broader wavelength coverage should enable a planet like HD 75289b to be detected with 99.9 per cent (4 ae) confidence. We investigate the sensitivity of our method and estimate detection tolerances for mismatches between observed and model planetary atmospheres.
Radiosynthesis and in Vivo Evaluation of Two PET Radioligands for Imaging α-Synuclein

Two α-synuclein ligands, 3-methoxy-7-nitro-10H-phenothiazine (2a, Ki = 32.1 ± 1.3 nM) and 3-(2-fluoroethoxy)-7-nitro-10H-phenothiazine (2b, Ki = 49.0 ± 4.9 nM), were radiolabeled as potential PET imaging agents by respectively introducing 11C and 18F. The syntheses of [11C]2a and [18F]2b were accomplished in a good yield with high specific activity. Ex vivo biodistribution studies in rats revealed that both [11C]2a and [18F]2b crossed the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and demonstrated good brain uptake 5 min post-injection. MicroPET imaging of [11C]2a in a non-human primate (NHP) confirmed that the tracer was able to cross the BBB with rapid washout kinetics from brain regions of a healthy macaque. The initial studies suggested that further structural optimization of [11C]2a and [18F]2b is necessary in order to identify a highly specific positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand for in vivo imaging of α-synuclein aggregation in the central nervous system (CNS).
Does Static-99 Predict Recidivism Among Older Sexual Offenders?

Static-99 (Hanson & Thornton, 2000) is the most commonly used actuarial risk tool for estimating sexual offender recidivism risk. Recent research has suggested that its methods of accounting for the offenders’ ages may be insufficient to capture declines in recidivism risk associated with advanced age. Using data from 8 samples (combined size of 3,425 sexual offenders), the present study found that older offenders had lower Static-99 scores than younger offenders and that Static-99 was moderately accurate in estimating relative recidivism risk in all age groups. Older offenders, however, had lower sexual recidivism rates than would be expected based on their Static-99 risk categories. Consequently, evaluators using Static-99 should considered advanced age in their overall estimate of risk.
A MEDIAÇÃO EM ATIVIDADES ITINERANTES DE DIVULGAÇÃO DA CIÊNCIA NA PERSPECTIVA DA ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DO DISCURSO MEDIATION IN ITINERANT ACTIVITIES PROMOTION OF SCIENCE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

In this article, we present a brief reflection about human mediation in museums and science centers and theory of Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough , 2003) so that we can relate them to the discourses produced by mediators when they are itinerant actions dissemination of Science in intention to promote a discussion of mediation during this type of action . For both studies will be focused on the speeches and other semiotic elements produced by mediators during activities in pursuit of the main discourses used them . We analyze an action project Mobile Science : life and health for all four mediators in observing activities with different visitors on an interactive device called mini hydroelectric plant . According to what we observed, the four mediators presented a pedagogical discourse emphasizing description of the apparatus and conversation . In fact , what we see is that mediators reproduce a pedagogical discourse traversed by a speech from the everyday employee in an attempt to approach the apparatus interactive with the audience . Another issue observed in the discourse is the act of ' simplifying ' to encourage understanding of the experiment . Perhaps this is due to the difficulty of transforming certain concepts developed into an attractive and fun while equipment.
Long‐lasting effects on nitrogen cycling 12 years after treatments cease despite minimal long‐term nitrogen retention

Atmospheric deposition of biologically active nitrogen (N) has increased dramatically over the past 60 years, with far‐reaching impacts on the structure and function of many ecosystems. Much research has examined the initial impacts of N enrichment; however, few studies have been multidecadal, and even fewer long‐term studies have examined the longevity of N‐induced impacts on N cycling after inputs cease. Here, we address this gap by reporting the state of key N pools and fluxes in a Minnesota grassland for plots that received N addition for 10 years and then none for 12 years, in comparison with plots that received annual N treatment for the entire 22 years. We found weak evidence for long‐term N retention in plots that ceased receiving treatment; and in plots that continued to receive N over the 22‐year period, retention that was high after 12 years (50–100% of inputs) was greatly reduced after 22 years (to 15%). In spite of this, net N mineralization rates remained elevated in plots that ceased receiving treatment 12 years prior, likely because N‐rich litter maintained higher N‐cycling rates. These results suggest (1) some systems do not retain much deposited N, with potentially large impacts on downstream habitats; (2) the previously reported high retention efficiencies for this and many other terrestrial ecosystems may be relatively short‐lived as N sinks become saturated over time; and (3) the effects of even small amounts of retained N in N‐limited environments may be particularly long‐lasting. In total, these findings highlight the importance of long‐term studies in evaluating the impacts of chronic N deposition to ecosystems, and urge additional research examining dynamics following N cessation to evaluate the reversibility of these impacts.
“It’s freedom!”: examining the motivations and experiences of coastal freedom campers in New Zealand

Abstract Little is known about the motivations and experiences of freedom campers – travellers who choose to camp in open public spaces rather than formal campgrounds. In particular, the ‘freedom’ in their practices has not been examined – despite this concept being central to tourism, and leisure activities more generally. This article fills a gap in knowledge by describing the perspectives and behaviours of freedom campers, and by analysing the freedom(s) they experience. It focuses on the New Zealand context, where freedom camping is increasingly popular, especially at the coast. Over summer 2014–2015, we surveyed freedom campers at beachfront sites in three case study areas. The 61 participants characterised coastal freedom camping as a place-based activity, centred on locations offering views and leisure opportunities. Camping sites were typically selected on the basis of place appeal, recommendations and opportunity, rather than prior planning. Respondents indicated that freedom camping is a choice, and one that is often exercised alongside stays in formal campgrounds. Vehicle-based camping was understood to entail spontaneity, flexibility and mobility – inter-related benefits often labelled ‘freedom’. Participants valued the ability to travel without a fixed route, and to make opportunistic stops. They were also able to choose between sites offering privacy and spaciousness, and those offering social opportunities. The freedom of being able to camp without charge received inconsistent levels of emphasis. We conclude that freedom camping can be understood as offering a form of autonomy encompassing freedom from external constraints, as well as freedom to explore and to escape.
Synthesis of Vinylester-Clay Nanocomposites: Influence of the Nature ofClay on Mechanical, Thermal and Barrier Properties

The effects of organically modified montmorillonite clay nanoparticles in neat vinyl ester resin were investi- gated. Organically modified MMT clay particles, Cloisite10A and Cloisite30B were dispersed into neat organic vinyl es- ter resin by using a ultrasonic method. Morphology of the dispersed clay particles in the nanocomposites formed during polymerization, was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy and found that intercalated nanocomposites were formed. The thermal properties such as decomposition and glass transition temperatures, percent weight retention and tan δ were determined by thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer (DMTA). A decrease in glass transition temperature was found in both vinylester/Cliosite10A and vinylester/Cliosite30B nanocompo- sites. The tensile, flexural and impact properties of the nanocomposites were determined by universal testing machine (UTM) and Izod impact tester. Due to the incorporation of MMT nanoparticles in vinyl ester resin an improvement in mechanical properties was observed. The effect of water absorption on nanocomposites was investigated and a signifi- cant decrease in water absorption of the vinylester nanocomposites was found.
PAPR Reduction in OFDM: SLM-Based Scrambling without Explicit Side Information for PSK Inputs

In this paper, a scrambling scheme based on selected mapping (SLM) without explicit side information for peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) employing phase shift keying (PSK) is proposed. Different from phase weighting process employing complex multiplications in SLM, simple scrambling process is implemented in proposed scheme, and the side information is reliably associated inside the data block by using signal constellations in different shapes. Simulation results show that, compared with optimal SLM (O-SLM), proposed scheme can obtain the same performance for PAPR reduction and better error bit ratio (BER) performance.
Evolution and development of boys social behavior q

An evolutionary analysis of the dynamics of one-on-one and coalitional male–male competition provides a theoretical frame for conceptualizing the evolved functions and proximate developmental forms of the social behavior of boys, and for appreciating why the behavior of boys differs from that of girls. We propose the accompanying selection pressures favored the evolution of motivational and behavioral dispositions in boys and men that facilitate the development and maintenance of large, competitive coalitions and result in the formation of within-coalition dominance hierarchies. Empirical research on boys social development is reviewed using this frame and implications for interpreting boys social behavior are explored. 2003 Published by Elsevier Inc.
High-affhuty binding of melatonin by human circulating T lymphocytes ( CD 4 )

0892-6638/95/0009-1 331/$01 . 50. © FASEB 1331 ABSTRACT This paper shows the presence of highaffinity binding sites for melatonin in human circulating T lymphocytes, but not in B lymphocytes. The binding of melatonin to T cells was dependent on time, stable, reversible, saturable, specific, and inversely correlated to the production of melatomn, expressed as the nocturnal 12 h production of its urinary metabolite 6-sulfatoxymelatonin. The affinity of these binding sites (Kd = 0.27 nM) suggests that they may recognize the physiological concentrations of melatonin in serum. Moreover, among the lymphocyte subpopulations studied, binding of melatonin was mostly found in CD4” cells rather than in CD8’ cells. Results suggest that CD4 cells may be the target of melatonin among the human circulating lymphocytes. -Gonzalez-Haba, M. G. , GarciaMauri#{241}o, S. , Calvo, J. R. , Goberna, R. , Guerrero, J. M. High-affinity binding of melatoinn by human circulating T lymphocytes (CD4). F4SEB J. 9, 1331-1335 (1995)
Swing to SWT and back: Patterns for API migration by wrapping

Evolving requirements may necessitate API migration—re-engineering an application to replace its dependence on one API with the dependence on another API for the same domain. One approach to API migration is to replace the original API by a wrapper-based re-implementation that makes reuse of the other API. Wrapper-based migration is attractive because application code is left untouched and wrappers can be reused across applications. The design of such wrappers is challenging though if the two involved APIs were developed independently, in which case the APIs tend to differ significantly. We identify the challenges faced by developers when designing wrappers for object-oriented APIs, and we recover the solutions used in practice. To this end, we analyze two large, open-source GUI wrappers and compile a set of issues pervasive in their designs. We subsequently extract design patterns from the solutions that developers used in the GUI wrappers.
Locata’s VRay™ Antenna Technology – Multipath Mitigation for Indoor Positioning

VRay™ antenna technology developed by the Locata Corporation, is demonstrating unprecedented high-accuracy positioning under extreme multipath conditions - especially in indoor environments. This new technology is an extremely flexible and adaptable foundation platform upon which many variations can be built for different uses. It therefore offers a new suite of technology solutions which will allow the entire positioning industry to address the many safety and liability critical applications where a robust positioning capability is emerging as an essential requirement - especially indoors and in urban areas. This paper details the latest tests performed with Locata’s first commercial VRay technology antenna and electronics system which is today being integrated by commercial partners into industrial indoor positioning applications. The VRay multipath mitigation performance is quantified and the high-accuracy positioning capabilities in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) difficult environments is demonstrated. These results establish this new capability as a major technological advance which can help revolutionize positioning indoors, in urban canyons, and other difficult environments where GNSS does not work because of multipath and signal obstruction constraints.