Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revealing the Hidden Relationship by Sparse Modules in Complex Networks with a Large-Scale Analysis

One of the remarkable features of networks is module that can provide useful insights into not only network organizations but also functional behaviors between their components. Comprehensive efforts have been devoted to investigating cohesive modules in the past decade. However, it is still not clear whether there are important structural characteristics of the nodes that do not belong to any cohesive module. In order to answer this question, we performed a large-scale analysis on 25 complex networks with different types and scales using our recently developed BTS (bintree seeking) algorithm, which is able to detect both cohesive and sparse modules in the network. Our results reveal that the sparse modules composed by the cohesively isolated nodes widely co-exist with the cohesive modules. Detailed analysis shows that both types of modules provide better characterization for the division of a network into functional units than merely cohesive modules, because the sparse modules possibly re-organize the nodes in the so-called cohesive modules, which lack obvious modular significance, into meaningful groups. Compared with cohesive modules, the sizes of sparse ones are generally smaller. Sparse modules are also found to have preferences in social and biological networks than others.
Toward an understanding of fluency: A microanalysis of nonnative speaker conversations

There have been few attempts to specify precisely what fluency is, although it is a term that is used and understood by both laypeople and linguists. With one objective being to achieve a greater understanding of what comprises fluency, this study explores the speech of six nonnative speakers of English who had been rated by English instructors as either “fluent” or “nonfluent. ” Excerpts of audiotaped dialogues were analyzed, both at the utterance level and at the discourse level, in terms of the frequency and possible function of features that have often been ascribed to fluency (hesitation phenomena, repair, and rate of speech). More functionally oriented pragmatic features that relate to topic control and initiation were also examined. Comparison of subgroups on the basis of perceived fluency or lack of fluency provided few statistically significant results, although the findings of qualitative analyses suggest that fluency is a complex, high‐order linguistic phenomenon and that intuitive judgments abo.
A online boosting approach for traffic flow forecasting under abnormal conditions

In this paper, we propose a online boosting non-parametric regression (OBNR) model for traffic flow forecasting, which can work effectively under abnormal traffic conditions. The model is composed of two part: the base part and the boosting part. The base part deals with normal prediction, while the boosting part constructed in a gradient boosting way adapts the model with abnormal conditions and updates in real time. When the traffic state turns back to normal, the boosting part is disabled and the base part works well again. Experiments on highway station output flow show that OBNR is much more effective than traditional online learning models in dealing with abnormal traffic conditions.
Reprogrammed Mouse Fibroblasts Differentiate into Cells of the Cardiovascular and Hematopoietic Lineages

Forced expression of the four transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, c‐Myc, and Klf4 is sufficient to confer a pluripotent state upon the murine fibroblast genome, generating induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Although the differentiation potential of these cells is thought to be equivalent to that of embryonic stem (ES) cells, it has not been rigorously determined. In this study, we sought to identify the capacity of iPS cells to differentiate into Flk1‐positive progenitors and their mesodermal progeny, including cells of the cardiovascular and hematopoietic lineages. Immunostaining of tissues from iPS cell‐derived chimeric mice demonstrated that iPS cells could contribute in vivo to cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and hematopoietic cells. To compare the in vitro differentiation potential of murine ES and iPS cells, we either induced embryoid body (EB) formation of each cell type or cultured the cells on collagen type IV (ColIV), an extracellular matrix protein that had been reported to direct murine ES cell differentiation to mesodermal lineages. EB formation and exposure to ColIV both induced iPS cell differentiation into cells that expressed cardiovascular and hematopoietic markers. To determine whether ColIV‐differentiated iPS cells contained a progenitor cell with cardiovascular and hematopoietic differentiation potential, Flk1‐positive cells were isolated by magnetic cell sorting and exposed to specific differentiation conditions, which induced differentiation into functional cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and hematopoietic cells. Our data demonstrate that murine iPS cells, like ES cells, can differentiate into cells of the cardiovascular and hematopoietic lineages and therefore may represent a valuable cell source for applications in regenerative medicine.
Droits linguistiques et droits de l’homme: Le cas de la Côte d’Ivoire

En depit de la Declaration des Droits de l’Homme et du Citoyen (1789, article 11), suivie de la Charte des Nations Unies (1945), de la Declaration universelle des droits de l’homme (1948 : article 2) et de la Convention europeenne des droits de l’homme (1950 : articles 4, 6, 10 11, et 14) dont plusieurs articles renvoient a la langue ou presentent une pertinence specifique a ce propos, de nombreux pays africains, dont la Cote d’Ivoire, ont choisi la langue de l’ancien colonisateur comme langue officielle au moment de leur acces a l’independance. Toutes leurs institutions, tous leurs textes juridiques et tous les droits fondamentaux de leurs citoyens sont formules uniquement et exclusivement dans une langue que la majorite de la population ne parle pas et ne comprend pas. Les droits de l’homme et du citoyen ne trouveraient-ils leur expression que dans la langue de l’ancienne puissance coloniale ? Nous nous proposons ici, apres un bref apercu historique, de repondre a cette question du point de vue de la sociolinguistique du developpement : c’est-a-dire, du point de vue de l’impact de la politique des langues, ou de l’absence de celle-ci, sur le quotidien du citoyen, et tout particulierement dans le cas de la Cote d’Ivoire et terminons cet article avec une reflexion plus generale sur le comportement et les attitudes linguistiques de l’Etat de Cote d’Ivoire et de ses citoyens.
New Computations Concerning the Cohen-Lenstra Heuristics

Let h(p) denote the class number of the real quadratic field formed by adjoining √P; where p is a prime, to the rationals. The Cohen-Lenstra heuristics suggest that the probability that h(p) = k (a given odd positive integer) is given by C w (k)/k, where C is an explicit constant and w(k) is an explicit arithmetic function. For example, we expect that about 75.45% of the values of h(p) are 1, 12.57% are 3, and 3.77% are 5. Furthermore, a conjecture of Hooley states that where the sum is taken over all primes congruent to 1 modulo 4. In this paper, we develop some fast techniques for evaluating h(p) where p is not very large and provide some computational results in support of the Cohen-Lenstra heuristics. We do this by computing h(p) for all p (≡ 1 mod 4) and p < 2. 1011. We also tabulate H(x) up to 2.1011.
A New Interleaved Bidirectional Zero Voltage Switching DC/DC Converter with High Conversion Ratio

In this paper, a new interleaved nonisolated bidirectional zero voltage switching (ZVS) dc–dc converter by using one three-windings coupled inductor is proposed. The proposed topology can provide high step-up and high step-down conversion ratios for boost and buck operations, respectively. Moreover, because of interleaving, the proposed converter has low input current ripple at low voltage side in both buck and boost operations. The proposed converter uses lower number of switches to have bidirectional power flow in comparison with other interleaved bidirectional converters. All used switches in the proposed converter are turned on under ZVS. The advantages of the proposed converter in comparison with the conventional interleaved converters are included in the capability of bidirectional power flow, ZVS operation for all switches and high step-up and high step-down voltage gain for boost and buck operations. In this paper, the proposed converter is analyzed completely and all equations of components are extracted as well as the ZVS conditions of all switches. Moreover, a comprehensive comparison between the proposed converter and conventional topologies is presented. To verify the accuracy performance of the proposed converter, the experimental results are given.
D-optimal plans in observational studies

This paper investigates the use of Design of Experiments in observational studies in order to select informative observations and features for classification. D-optimal plans are searched for in existing data and based on these plans the variables most relevant for classification are determined. The adapted models are then compared with respect to their predictive accuracy on an independent test sample. Eight different data sets are investigated by this method.
Active modular elastomer sleeve for soft wearable assistance robots

A proposed adaptive soft orthotic device performs motion sensing and production of assistive forces with a modular, pneumatically-driven, hyper-elastic composite. Wrapping the material around a joint will allow simultaneous motion sensing and active force response through shape and rigidity control. This monolithic elastomer sheet contains a series of miniaturized pneumatically-powered McKibben-type actuators that exert tension and enable adaptive rigidity control. The elastomer is embedded with conductive liquid channels that detect strain and bending deformations induced by the pneumatic actuators. In addition, the proposed system is modular and can be configured for a diverse range of motor tasks, joints, and human subjects. This modular functionality is accomplished with a decentralized network of self-configuring nodes that manage the collection of sensory data and the delivery of actuator feedback commands. This paper mainly describes the design of the soft orthotic device as well as actuator and sensor components. The characterization of the individual sensors, actuators, and the integrated device is also presented.
Computing Longest Common Substring/Subsequence of Non-linear Texts

A non-linear text is a directed graph where each vertex is labeled with a string. In this paper, we introduce the longest common substring/subsequence problems on non-linear texts. Firstly, we present an algorithm to compute the longest common substring of non-linear texts G1 and G2 in O(|E1||E2|) time and O(|V1||V2|) space, when at least one of G1 and G2 is acyclic. Here, Vi and Ei are the sets of vertices and arcs of input non-linear text Gi, respectively, for 1 ≤ i ≤ 2. Secondly, we present algorithms to compute the longest common subsequence of G1 and G2 in O(|E1||E2|) time and O(|V1||V2|) space, when both G1 and G2 are acyclic, and in O(|E1||E2|+|V1||V2| log |Σ|) time and O(|V1||V2|) space if G1 and/or G2 are cyclic, where, Σ denotes the alphabet.
Linguistically Fuelled Text Similarity

This paper describes TEXTSIM, a system for determining the similarity between texts. Further, we show the results of a comparison between two various configurations of TEXTSIM; one with and one without any deeper linguistic analysis. To evaluate and compare the two models of TEXTSIM we used two sets of examples: a set of automatically generated examples and a set of examples acquired from two assessors. Depending on the type of documents, we found the model using linguistic analysis to perform equally well or better than the model not using linguistic analysis.
A review of tissue-engineered skin bioconstructs available for skin reconstruction

Situations where normal autografts cannot be used to replace damaged skin often lead to a greater risk of mortality, prolonged hospital stay and increased expenditure for the National Health Service. There is a substantial need for tissue-engineered skin bioconstructs and research is active in this field. Significant progress has been made over the years in the development and clinical use of bioengineered components of the various skin layers. Off-the-shelf availability of such constructs, or production of sufficient quantities of biological materials to aid rapid wound closure, are often the only means to help patients with major skin loss. The aim of this review is to describe those materials already commercially available for clinical use as well as to give a short insight to those under development. It seeks to provide skin scientists/tissue engineers with the information required to not only develop in vitro models of skin, but to move closer to achieving the ultimate goal of an off-the-shelf, complete full-thickness skin replacement.
Pulmonary chemoreflexes elicited by intravenous injection of lactic acid in anesthetized rats.

Experiments were carried out to characterize the cardiorespiratory reflex responses to intravenous injection of lactic acid and to determine the involvement of vagal bronchopulmonary C-fiber afferents in eliciting these responses in anesthetized rats. Bolus injection of lactic acid (0.2 mmol/kg i.v.) immediately elicited apnea, bradycardia, and hypotension, which were then followed by a sustained hyperpnea. The immediate apneic and bradycardiac responses to lactic acid were completely abolished by bilateral vagotomy and were absent when the same dose of lactic acid was injected into the left ventricle. The subsequent hyperpneic response was substantially attenuated by denervation of carotid body chemoreceptors. After a perineural capsaicin treatment of both vagus nerves to block the conduction of C fibers, lactic acid no longer evoked the immediate apnea and bradycardia, whereas the hyperpneic response became more pronounced and sustained, presumably because of the removal of the inhibitory effect on breathing mediated by pulmonary C-fiber activation. Single-unit electrophysiological recording showed that intravenous injection of lactic acid consistently evoked an abrupt and intense burst of discharge from the vagal C-fiber afferent endings in the lungs. In conclusion, the cardiorespiratory depressor responses induced by lactic acid are predominantly elicited by activation of vagal pulmonary C fibers.
Women Growing Older:

This article considers the extent to which gerontological theories, that highlight the problems associated with later life, reflect the experiences of older women across ethnic and cultural difference. It is based on an ESRC research study examining women's experiences of growing old across ethnicity and culture. Concepts that are often used to measure these experiences include `quality of life' and `successful ageing'. These are linked to other culturally related concepts such as agency, self-autonomy, independence and dis/empowerment. Yet, while it is the case that the meanings attached to these concepts change according to locality and context, they are often applied in a way that reifies dominant values and perceptions. Central to this article is the contention that gerontological approaches have often made ethnic and cultural experiences of later life invisible. Further, such approaches have assumed that agency is something that is either present or absent and that this is linked almost exclusively to income, housing, and other structures. A key argument is that this has led to an overstatement of the effects of structural disadvantage and a neglect of the diverse individual and collective strategies women use to maintain agency and control in later life. Empirical evidence presented in the article suggests there are significant cultural differences in the meanings older women attach to self-fulfilment and `successful ageing'.
Spoligotyping and drug resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from five provinces of Iran

Tuberculosis (TB) persists as a public health problem in Iran. Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates circulating in this area will contribute to understand and control the spread of the strains. The aims of this study were to understand the genetic diversity and drug susceptibility of M. tuberculosis isolates circulating in Iran and to analyze the relationship between genotype and drug resistance. A total of 291 M. tuberculosis isolates collected from TB patients were genotyped by spoligotyping. Drug susceptibility testing was performed using proportion method. Spoligotyping resulted in 75 distinct patterns. 86.2% of isolates were grouped in 35 clusters while the remaining isolates were unique. Ural was found to be the most predominant lineage (34.3%) followed by Central Asian strain (CAS) (24%), T (18.2%), Manu2 (7.5%) and Latin American‐Mediterranean (LAM) (6.1%). The five largest clusters were Ural/Spoligotype International Type (SIT)127 (15.8%), CAS1/SIT26 (9.2%), T1/SIT53 (6.1%), T1/SIT284 (5.4%), and CAS1/SIT25 (4.4%). About 5% of isolates had multidrug resistance (MDR) and 10% had other resistance. MDR was significantly associated with Beijing strains, but not with Ural family. This study highlights dominance of Ural, CAS, and T families in Iran. Biogeographic specificity of CAS and T families to border provinces of Iran including Sistan‐Baluchestan and Kermanshah, respectively, suggested that this family strains might be transmitted from these regions to other provinces of the country.
Optimal-Time Text Indexing in BWT-runs Bounded Space

Indexing highly repetitive texts --- such as genomic databases, software repositories and versioned text collections --- has become an important problem since the turn of the millennium. A relevant compressibility measure for repetitive texts is $r$, the number of runs in their Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT). One of the earliest indexes for repetitive collections, the Run-Length FM-index, used $O(r)$ space and was able to efficiently count the number of occurrences of a pattern of length $m$ in the text (in loglogarithmic time per pattern symbol, with current techniques). However, it was unable to locate the positions of those occurrences efficiently within a space bounded in terms of $r$. Since then, a number of other indexes with space bounded by other measures of repetitiveness --- the number of phrases in the Lempel-Ziv parse, the size of the smallest grammar generating the text, the size of the smallest automaton recognizing the text factors --- have been proposed for efficiently locating, but not directly counting, the occurrences of a pattern. In this paper we close this long-standing problem, showing how to extend the Run-Length FM-index so that it can locate the $occ$ occurrences efficiently within $O(r)$ space (in loglogarithmic time each), and reaching optimal time $O(m+occ)$ within $O(r\log(n/r))$ space, on a RAM machine of $w=\Omega(\log n)$ bits. Within $O(r\log (n/r))$ space, our index can also count in optimal time $O(m)$. Raising the space to $O(r w\log_\sigma(n/r))$, we support count and locate in $O(m\log(\sigma)/w)$ and $O(m\log(\sigma)/w+occ)$ time, which is optimal in the packed setting and had not been obtained before in compressed space. We also describe a structure using $O(r\log(n/r))$ space that replaces the text and extracts any text substring of length $\ell$ in almost-optimal time $O(\log(n/r)+\ell\log(\sigma)/w)$. (.continues.)
NAADP MEDIATED CALCIUM SIGNALLING AND ARRHYTHMIAS IN THE HEART EVOKED BY β-ADRENERGIC STIMULATION

The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany, Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Dept. of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK, Institute of Pharmacology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria Inserm U974, Paris, F-75013, France University Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR-S974, CNRS UMR7215 (L.C.), Institut de Myologie, IFR14, Paris, F75013, France
Biological Filtration Limits Carbon Availability and Affects Downstream Biofilm Formation and Community Structure

ABSTRACT Carbon removal strategies have gained popularity in the mitigation of biofouling in water reuse processes, but current biofilm-monitoring practices based on organic-carbon concentrations may not provide an accurate representation of the in situ biofilm problem. This study evaluated a submerged microtiter plate assay for direct and rapid monitoring of biofilm formation by subjecting the plates to a continuous flow of either secondary effluent (SE) or biofilter-treated secondary effluent (BF). This method was very robust, based on a high correlation (R2 = 0.92) between the biomass (given by the A600 in the microtiter plate assay) and the biovolume (determined from independent biofilms developed on glass slides under identical conditions) measurements, and revealed that the biomasses in BF biofilms were consistently lower than those in SE biofilms. The influence of the organic-carbon content on the biofilm community composition and succession was further evaluated using molecular tools. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S rRNA genes revealed a group of pioneer colonizers, possibly represented by Sphingomonadaceae and Caulobacter organisms, to be common in both SE and BF biofilms. However, differences in organic-carbon availabilities in the two water samples eventually led to the selection of distinct biofilm communities. Alphaproteobacterial populations were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization to be enriched in SE biofilms, while Betaproteobacteria were dominant in BF biofilms. Cloning analyses further demonstrated that microorganisms adapted for survival under low-substrate conditions (e.g., Aquabacterium, Caulobacter, and Legionella) were preferentially selected in the BF biofilm, suggesting that carbon limitation strategies may not achieve adequate biofouling control in the long run.
Dynamic testing of below-knee prosthesis: Assembly and components

Prosthetic assemblies for lower limb amputees are highly engineered and consist of several components each with its own failure mechanism. This paper describes the dynamic testing of HDPE rotational moulded sockets in a specially designed machine which mimics normal gait. Thus the components are subjected to all main loadings occurring during a stride such as axial loading and A-P bending about the knee and ankle. Machine details as well as the other components of the system are described. SACH feet appear to be vulnerable by rapid wear and structural component failures at less than 100,000 cycles were observed. The sockets are much less vulnerable and stand up to simulated loading of 1350 N for approximately 400,000 cycles. Metal components such as the foot bolt may also fail in fatigue if not properly tightened. References to proposed ISO standards are also included.