Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Letter Form as a Constraint for Errors in Neglect Dyslexia and Letter Position Dyslexia

Does letter-form constrain errors in peripheral dyslexia? In Hebrew, 5 of the 22 letters have two different letter forms, one is used only when the letter occurs in word-final position, the other form is used in initial and middle positions. Is the information on final-forms encoded in the letter identity information and used for word identification, or is it discarded? The current research explored this question through the effect of final vs. non final letter form on the error pattern in neglect dyslexia (neglexia) and letter position dyslexia (LPD). Left word-based neglexia results in errors of omission, substitution and addition of letters in the left side of words, which in Hebrew is the end of the word. We examined whether final letter form blocks the addition of letters to the end of the word and whether omissions of letters after letters in non-final form are avoided. The predominant error type in LPD is migration of letters within words. We tested whether migrations also occur when they cause form change of either final-form letters that move to middle position or middle-form letters that move to final position. These questions were assessed in both acquired and developmental neglexia and LPD. The results indicated a strong effect of final letter-form on acquired neglexia and on acquired and developmental LPD, which almost completely prevented form-changing errors. This effect was not found in developmental neglexia, where words that end in final-form letters were actually more impaired than other words, probably because final-form letters appear only on the neglected side of the word for Hebrew-reading children with left developmental neglexia. These data show that early visuo-orthographic analysis is sensitive to final letter form and that final letter form constrains errors in peripheral dyslexia.
NetShield: Protocol Anomaly Detection with Datamining Against DDoS Attacks

This article presents a new defense system to protect network servers, network routers, and client hosts from becoming the handlers, Zombies, and victims of distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) flood attacks. The NetShield system was developed at USC to protect any IP-based public network over the Internet. We explore preventive and deterrent controls to remove system vulnerabilities on target machines. Adaptation techniques are suggested to launch protocol anomaly detection and corrective intrusion responses. In particular, we propose a new datamining approach to detect protocol anomaly against DDoS flooding attacks. Suggestions are made to enforce dynamic security policies on the NetShield security system. At present, the NetShield is specially tailored for protecting network resources against DDoS flood attacks. Some analytical results on the detection performance are reported. Open research issues are identified for further work.
Tokens of Kindness: Explorations in design as a bridge for societal gaps

Graphic design has long been considered a profession for people interested in creating glossy magazines, posters, and other ephemera. Can graphic design do more for society? Through analysis of social design, wicked problems, and gift economies, this study aims to begin to understand graphic design as a method to bridge societal gaps. This study uses principles of social design, behavior change theory, and immersive community research to experiment within the local communities of Ames and Des Moines, Iowa. Several experimental methods are explored, such as the use of design to create pockets of kind acts through a pseudo gift economy, and pop-up booths that attempt to engage the community in discussion about frank issues through the gifting of food. Although this study starts to uncover valuable information about the aforementioned techniques, more research is needed to refine these methods for use in the professional sector.
The Emergence of Ambulatory Measurement of Arterial Stiffness and Central Blood Pressure. A Promising Novelty of Clinical Importance or Just Another Marker

Whereas brachial blood pressure (BP) is still considered the gold standard for the estimation of cardiovascular risk in all clinical trials and guidelines, scientific interest is shifting towards central hemodynamics and the scientific community is experiencing a whole new revolution with the emergence of novel cardiovascular markers such as the am- bulatory measurement of central BP and arterial stiffness. Central BP has already started to demonstrate its superiority over peripheral BP as a better and more reliable predictor of end-organ damage in cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, ambulatory measurement of central BP and pulse wave velocity are expected to add much more useful information to- wards a more integrated assessment of cardiovascular risk and profile. However, more research is required before these novel markers could be incorporated in the everyday practice of BP measurement.
Peer-Mediated Multimodal Intervention Program for the Treatment of Children with ADHD in India: One-Year Followup

The objective was to assess the efficacy of a one-year, peer-mediated interventional program consisting of yoga, meditation and play therapy maintained by student volunteers in a school in India. The population consisted of 69 students between the ages of 6 and 11 years, previously identified as having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A program, known as Climb-Up, was initially embedded in the school twice weekly. Local high school student volunteers were then trained to continue to implement the program weekly over the period of one year. Improvements in ADHD symptoms and academic performance were assessed using Vanderbilt questionnaires completed by both parents and teachers. The performance impairment scores for ADHD students assessed by teachers improved by 6 weeks and were sustained through 12 months in 46 (85%) of the enrolled students. The improvements in their Vanderbilt scores assessed by parents were also seen in 92% (P < 0.0001, Wilcoxon). The Climb-Up program resulted in remarkable improvements in the students' school performances that were sustained throughout the year. These results show promise for a cost-effective program that could easily be implemented in any school.
Induction of transplantation tolerance converts potential effector T cells into graft-protective regulatory T cells

Naturally occurring FOXP3+CD4+ Treg have a crucial role in self‐tolerance. The ability to generate similar populations against alloantigens offers the possibility of preventing transplant rejection without indefinite global immunosuppression. Exposure of mice to donor alloantigens combined with anti‐CD4 antibody induces operational tolerance to cardiac allografts, and generates Treg that prevent skin and islet allograft rejection in adoptive transfer models. If protocols that generate Treg in vivo are to be developed in the clinical setting it will be important to know the origin of the Treg population and the mechanisms responsible for their generation. In this study, we demonstrate that graft‐protective Treg arise in vivo both from naturally occurring FOXP3+CD4+ Treg and from non‐regulatory FOXP3−CD4+ cells. Importantly, tolerance induction also inhibits CD4+ effector cell priming and T cells from tolerant mice have impaired effector function in vitro. Thus, adaptive tolerance induction shapes the immune response to alloantigen by converting potential effector cells into graft‐protective Treg and by expanding alloreactive naturally occurring Treg. In relation to clinical tolerance induction, the data indicate that while the generation of alloreactive Treg may be critical for long‐term allograft survival without chronic immunosuppression, successful protocols will also require strategies that target potential effector cells.
THE INTERPLAY OF PERFECTIONISM AND ATTENTION SPAN AMONG IRANIAN EFL MAJORS

The present research aimed at identifying any possible relationship between perfectionism (positive and negative) and attention span among EFL students from both state and private universities (Payam Noor University, Azad University, and Shiraz University) of Shiraz, Fars province. One hundred and fifty six EFL students (male and female) were selected non-randomly. Terry-Short, Owens, Slade, and Dewey‘s (1995) Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale (PANP) and Brown and Ryan’s (2003) Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) were used as research instruments for collecting the necessary data. Data were analyzed using correlation coefficient, regression analysis and independent-samples t-test. The Results indicated that there were significant relationships between negative perfectionism and attention span while there is a non-significant relationship between positive perfectionism and attention span of EFL learners. Regression analysis showed that negative perfectionism could predict attention span significantly among learners. Finally, no differences were found between male and female participants in terms of positive/negative perfectionism and a very small difference was found regarding their attention span.
Review on Improving Security Mechanism for MANET Using Adaptive IDS

communication mechanisms. Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETS) is a collection of wireless nodes without any infrastructure support, every single node works as both transmitter and receiver . Nodes communicates directly with each other when they are in a same communication range. The self-configuring ability of nodes in MANET makes them popular among vital mission applications like military use or emergency recovery. However the open medium allows MANET vulnerable to attacks. Because of MANET’s distributed architecture and changing topology a traditional centralized monitoring system is no longer feasible in MANET . In this case detection should be focused as another part before an attacker can damage the structure of the system. So, this work presents various intrusion detection system named as TWOACK, AACK, ACK and Enhanced Adaptive Acknowledgement (EAACK). Enhanced intrusion detection system use digital signature technique to digitally sign packets before they are transmitted to ensure integrity and confidentiality.
Advanced solution for delivering educational multimedia content based on content management system

The paper deals with the design and implementation of solution for delivering multimedia content in form of educational videos, presentations, spreadsheets or other documents. Based on analysis of the state of art streaming technologies it was created the concept of multimedia web portal based on content management system. The overall solution was implemented together with creating custom components, which are interconnecting the abilities of streaming technologies with web interface. In the near future the resulting web portal is going to provide the service of delivery educational content produced by people related to local university.
The Impact of Supervisory Inputs on Postgraduate Students

Pengawasan telah menjadi isu utama dalam studi di sekolah pascasarjana. Pengawasan dapat didefinisikan sebagai hubungan orang per orang secara intensif dan interpersonal. Pengawas dirancang untuk dapat memfasilitasi perkembangan akademik mahasiswa baik terkait dengan tugas maupun penelitian mereka. Paper ini menunjukkan betapa kompleksnya bidang pengawasan terhadap mahasiswa, yang dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, di antaranya latar belakang sosial, kepribadian pengawas dan mahasiswa, hubungan yang berkembang di antara mereka, keahlian pengawas, dan masalah-masalah yang dihadapi oleh para mahasiswa. Paper ini mendiskusikan pentingnya input-input kepengawasan dalam proses pengawasan, dan juga meneropong hakikat interaksi sosial antara pengawas dengan mahasiswa. Sasaran yang dituju dalam paper ini adalah untuk mengembangkan pengawasan yang efektif terhadap mahasiswa sekolah pascasarjana guna menghasilkan modal sumber daya manusia yang unggul. Kata kunci : pengawasan, mahasiswa pascasarjana, input kepengawasan, dan pengawasan efektif
Population-Based Resequencing of Experimentally Evolved Populations Reveals the Genetic Basis of Body Size Variation in Drosophila melanogaster

Body size is a classic quantitative trait with evolutionarily significant variation within many species. Locating the alleles responsible for this variation would help understand the maintenance of variation in body size in particular, as well as quantitative traits in general. However, successful genome-wide association of genotype and phenotype may require very large sample sizes if alleles have low population frequencies or modest effects. As a complementary approach, we propose that population-based resequencing of experimentally evolved populations allows for considerable power to map functional variation. Here, we use this technique to investigate the genetic basis of natural variation in body size in Drosophila melanogaster. Significant differentiation of hundreds of loci in replicate selection populations supports the hypothesis that the genetic basis of body size variation is very polygenic in D. melanogaster. Significantly differentiated variants are limited to single genes at some loci, allowing precise hypotheses to be formed regarding causal polymorphisms, while other significant regions are large and contain many genes. By using significantly associated polymorphisms as a priori candidates in follow-up studies, these data are expected to provide considerable power to determine the genetic basis of natural variation in body size.
On Adaptive-ECMS strategies for hybrid electric vehicles

The problem of adapting the equivalence factor of the Equivalent Consumption Mini- mization Strategy (ECMS) to achieve a real time implementable sub-optimal solution of the problem of energy management in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has been the object of extensive research over the last decade. Contributions in the open literature range from methods based on prediction of driving cycle to driving pattern recognition to feedback from state of charge. In this paper, we first propose a classification of the methods that have been proposed to design an Adaptive-ECMS (A-ECMS) controller and then we carry out a comparative analysis in simulation of three adaptation laws falling into the class of algorithms of adaptation through feedback of SOC. Simulation results are performed on a parallel hybrid vehicle and show the performances of the three adaptation laws as compared to the optimal ECMS (a suitable proxi for the global optimal solution given by the dynamic programming algorithm).
Classification of Periodic Activities Using the Wasserstein Distance

In this paper, we introduce a novel nonparametric classification technique based on the use of the Wasserstein distance. The proposed scheme is applied in a biomedical context for the analysis of recorded accelerometer data: the aim is to retrieve three types of periodic activities (walking, biking, and running) from a time-frequency representation of the data. The main interest of the use of the Wasserstein distance lies in the fact that it is less sensitive to the location of the frequency peaks than to the global structure of the frequency pattern, allowing us to detect activities almost independently of their speed or incline. Our system is tested on a 24-subject corpus: results show that the use of Wasserstein distance combined with some supervised learning techniques allows us to compare with some more complex classification systems.
Bandwidth efficient adaptive forward error correction mechanism with feedback channel

Multimedia content is very sensitive to packet loss and therefore multimedia streams are typically protected against packet loss, either by supporting retransmission requests or by adding redundant forward error correction (FEC) data. However, the redundant FEC information introduces significant additional bandwidth requirements, as compared to the bitrate of the original video stream. Especially on wireless and mobile networks, bandwidth availability is limited and variable. In this article, an adaptive FEC (A-FEC) system is presented whereby the redundancy rate is dynamically adjusted to the packet loss, based on feedback messages from the client. We present a statistical model of our A-FEC system and validate the proposed system under different packet loss conditions and loss probabilities. The experimental results show that 57-95% bandwidth gain can be achieved compared with a static FEC approach.
Computation in anonymous networks

We identify and investigate a computational model arising in molecular computing, social computing and sensor network. The model is made of of multiple agents who are computationally limited and posses no global information. The agents may represent nodes in a social network, sensors, or molecules in a molecular computer. Assuming that each agent is in one of $k$ states, we say that {\em the system computes} $f:[k]^{n} \to [k]$ if all agents eventually converge to the correct value of $f$. We present number of general results characterizing the computational power of the mode. We further present protocols for computing the plurality function with $O(\log k)$ memory and for approximately counting the number of nodes of a given color with $O(\log \log n)$ memory, where $n$ is the number of agents in the networks. These results are tight.
Citation Impact Categorization: For Scientific Literature

Citation counting is a method to compute impact factor in scientific literature, many authors have criticized this only counting methods because they consider all citation as equal. If a paper's reputation is simply evaluated according to the number of its citations, then incomplete, incorrect or controversial articles may be promoted regardless of their relevance. We developed an annotated corpus with our own scheme and then classify citation function and polarity. Afterwards, in this paper, we present an approach to categorize citation impact using these data and other information extracted from a paper. We compared our results with responses from a citation impact survey addressed to authors. Author's feedback closely correlates with our outcomes.
Detailed Analysis of the Microbial Population in Malaysian Spontaneous Cocoa Pulp Fermentations Reveals a Core and Variable Microbiota

The fermentation of cocoa pulp is one of the few remaining large-scale spontaneous microbial processes in today's food industry. The microbiota involved in cocoa pulp fermentations is complex and variable, which leads to inconsistent production efficiency and cocoa quality. Despite intensive research in the field, a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the microbiota is still lacking, especially for the expanding Asian production region. Here, we report a large-scale, comprehensive analysis of four spontaneous Malaysian cocoa pulp fermentations across two time points in the harvest season and two fermentation methods. Our results show that the cocoa microbiota consists of a “core” and a “variable” part. The bacterial populations show a remarkable consistency, with only two dominant species, Lactobacillus fermentum and Acetobacter pasteurianus. The fungal diversity is much larger, with four dominant species occurring in all fermentations (“core” yeasts), and a large number of yeasts that only occur in lower numbers and specific fermentations (“variable” yeasts). Despite this diversity, a clear pattern emerges, with early dominance of apiculate yeasts and late dominance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our results provide new insights into the microbial diversity in Malaysian cocoa pulp fermentations and pave the way for the selection of starter cultures to increase efficiency and consistency.
Mechanical properties of symmetric and asymmetric DNA A-tracts: implications for looping and nucleosome positioning

A-tracts are functionally important DNA sequences which induce helix bending and have peculiar structural properties. While A-tract structure has been qualitatively well characterized, their mechanical properties remain controversial. A-tracts appear structurally rigid and resist nucleosome formation, but seem flexible in DNA looping. In this work, we investigate mechanical properties of symmetric AnTn and asymmetric A2n tracts for n = 3, 4, 5 using two types of coarse-grained models. The first model represents DNA as an ensemble of interacting rigid bases with non-local quadratic deformation energy, the second one treats DNA as an anisotropically bendable and twistable elastic rod. Parameters for both models are inferred from microsecond long, atomic-resolution molecular dynamics simulations. We find that asymmetric A-tracts are more rigid than the control G/C-rich sequence in localized distortions relevant for nucleosome formation, but are more flexible in global bending and twisting relevant for looping. The symmetric tracts, in contrast, are more rigid than asymmetric tracts and the control, both locally and globally. Our results can reconcile the contradictory stiffness data on A-tracts and suggest symmetric A-tracts to be more efficient in nucleosome exclusion than the asymmetric ones. This would open a new possibility of gene expression manipulation using A-tracts.
A trace inequality for the column spaces of the matrices

Trace inequalities naturally arise in control theory and in communication systems with multiple input and multiple output. One application of Belmega's (2009) trace inequality has already been identified. Wang (2010[8]) extend the symmetric positive definite matrices of his inequality to symmetric nonnegative definite matrices, and the inverse matrices to Penrose-Moore inverse matrices. However, the conditions of his theorems are too strong, and suitable aspect is narrow. In this paper, we give more weaken conditions.
A method for color classification of fruits based on machine vision

A dominant color histogram matching method for fruits classification was presented in this paper. In classification of fruits based on machine vision, image was acquired with a color CCD camera that outputted color information in three channels, red, green, and blue. Because traditional RGB color space couldn't meet subjective color sensation of human being, so color image needed to be transformed from RGB to HSV color space which represented human being's subjective color knowledge. However, the conversion result was still three-dimensional information that made determining color grades very difficult. A new color space conversion technique that could be implemented for high-speed real-time processing for color grading was introduced in this paper. The result of this technique was a simple one-dimensional array that represented different color levels. These colors were known as dominant colors of fruits. The technique reduced computation consumption greatly. Color histogram as a statistical feature had visual invariance and high robustness. The dominant color histogram matching method was used for color grading. Grade judgment result was given by calculating and comparing the similarity between the inspected sample histogram and standard template histogram for every grade, fruit sample would be assigned to the grade whose template had the biggest similarity with it. Experiment results show that dominant color histogram matching method has high accuracy in fruits' color classification.