Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence on Subjective Happiness of University Students

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of job-seeking stress, career decision-making self-efficacy and self-esteem on subjective happiness of university students. Methods: The participants were 281 university students in D city. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 19.0 using one-way ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression. Results: Subjective happiness showed positive association with career decision-making self-efficacy, self-esteem and negative association with job-seeking stress. Factors that had an influence on subjective happiness were monthly family income (less than two million won ß =-.263, p<.001, between two million won and four million won ß =-.207, p<.001), major satisfaction (very unsatisfied ß =-.221, p<.001, satisfied ß =.161, p=.003), gender (female ß =-.154, p=.005), subjective health (unhealthy ß =-.134, p=.013), and school year (sophomore ß =-.123, p=.024). These factors explained 22.6% of the variance in their subjective happiness. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that more positive career decision-making self-efficacy, self-esteem and more negative job-seeking stress were needed for their subjective happiness. This study also indicated that economic status, major satisfaction, gender, and subjective health were very important in predicting their subjective happiness. Thus, to improve their happiness, it would be necessary to consider both intrinsic factors such as major satisfaction and extrinsic factors such as general characteristics.
Factors Associated with Coping Mechanisms among Egyptian Patients with End Stage Renal Disease and on Haemodialysis

This study intends to identify factors that influence coping with physical and emotional impacts of haemodialysis on patients in Egypt. A questionnaire was administrated to a random sample of 162 participants, 87 men and 75 women, who had received outpatient treatment in health care clinics in seven Egyptian cities. A regression model was used with four independent variables (view of medical treatment, effect of pain, adjustment to treatment, and satisfaction with life) to explain variance in satisfaction with self and coping. Results show about half the variance in the patients' ability to cope and express satisfaction with the self was explained by the independent variables (R2=–.55, R2=.45). Implications contributing to adjustment and coping are presented, showing the need to advance medical service and enhance patients' ability to develop effective strategies.
The influence of linguistic content on the Lombard effect.

PURPOSE The Lombard effect describes the tendency for speakers to increase pitch, intensity, and duration in the presence of noise. It is unclear whether these modifications are uniformly applied across all words within an utterance or whether information-bearing content words are further enhanced compared with function words. In the present study, the authors investigated the influence of linguistic content on acoustic modifications made to speech in noise. METHOD Sixteen speaker-listener pairs engaged in an interactive cooperative game in quiet, 60 dB of multitalker noise, and 90 dB of multitalker noise. Speaker productions were analyzed to examine differences in fundamental frequency (F(0)), intensity, and duration of target words in sentences across noise conditions. RESULTS Proportional increases in F(0,) intensity, and duration were noted for all word types as noise increased from quiet to 60 dB. From quiet to 90 dB, content words that referred to agents, objects, and locations were disproportionately elongated compared with function words. Additionally, agents were further enhanced by increased F(0). CONCLUSIONS At moderate noise levels, most word types appear to be uniformly boosted in F(0), intensity, and duration. As noise increases, linguistic content shapes the extent of the Lombard effect, with F(0) and duration serving as primary cues for marking information-bearing word types.
Effect of facilitation of sensation from plantar foot-surface boundaries on postural stabilization in young and older adults.

BACKGROUND One of the more pervasive effects of aging is loss of cutaneous sensation, which appears to correlate with impaired postural control and increased risk of falling. This study examined the potential for compensating for the destabilizing effects of reduced cutaneous sensitivity by placing a raised edge underneath the perimeter of the plantar foot surface, so as to facilitate sensation from the stability boundaries of the base of support. METHODS The main experiment involved 14 healthy older adults (aged 65-73) selected because they were known, from a previous study, to have moderate plantar cutaneous insensitivity. We also report results of an initial experiment involving 7 healthy young adults (aged 23-31). In both experiments, we studied effects of the plantar facilitation on control of rapid stepping reactions evoked by unpredictable postural perturbation, applied via sudden platform movement in forward, backward, and lateral directions. We also studied effects on "feet-in-place" responses evoked by continuous pseudorandom platform motion in mediolateral and anteroposterior directions. Subjects were blindfolded in all tests. RESULTS Plantar facilitation reduced the incidence of "extra" limb movements, beyond the initial step, during forward-step reactions in the older adults. There also appeared to be an improved ability to control feet-in-place reactions: young subjects were better able to recover balance without stepping when falling backward (given instructions to "try not to step"), and both young and older subjects reduced the extent to which the center of foot pressure approached the posterior foot boundary during continuous anteroposterior platform motion. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that mechanical facilitation of sensation from the boundaries of the plantar surface of the foot can improve the efficacy of certain types of stabilizing reactions evoked by unpredictable postural perturbation. The results may be directly transferable to the design of special footwear insoles to reduce instability and risk of falling in older adults.
Urinary Leukotriene E4 Is Associated with Renal Function but Not with Endothelial Function in Type 2 Diabetes

Leukotrienes are inflammatory and vasoactive mediators implicated in endothelium-dependent relaxations and atherosclerosis. Urinary leukotriene E4 (U-LTE4) is a validated disease marker of asthma and increases also in diabetes and acute coronary syndromes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of U-LTE4 and CRP with endothelial function. Urine samples were obtained from 30 subjects (80% males; median age 65) with type 2 diabetes of at least two years duration and a median glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 71 (14–129) mL/min. Reactive hyperemia index (RHI) was used as a measure of microvascular endothelial function, whereas macrovascular endothelial function was determined be means of flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery (FMD). Decreased renal function was associated with lower concentrations of U-LTE4. In addition, U-LTE4 was correlated with serum creatinine (R = −0.572; P = 0.001) and eGFR (R = 0.517; P = 0.0036). A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis identified eGFR as an independent predictor of U-LTE4 concentrations. In conclusion, the present results did not establish an association of U-LTE4 with endothelial dysfunction. However, eGFR was an independent predictor of U-LTE4, but not CRP, in this cohort, suggesting that GFR should be considered in biomarker studies of U-LTE4.
Combined In fl uence of Insulin Resistance , Overweight / Obesity , and Fatty Liver As Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes

RESEARCH DESIGNANDMETHODSdWe examined 12,853 subjects without diabetes from a South Korean occupational cohort, and insulin resistance (IR) (homeostasis model assessment-IR $75th centile, $2.0), fatty liver (defined by standard ultrasound criteria), and overweight/obesity (BMI $25 kg/m) identified at baseline. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident diabetes at 5-year follow-up were estimated using logistic regression.
Identification of Fecal Escherichia colifrom Humans and Animals by Ribotyping

ABSTRACT Fecal pollution of water resources is an environmental problem of increasing importance. Identification of individual host sources of fecal Escherichia coli, such as humans, pets, production animals, and wild animals, is prerequisite to formulation of remediation plans. Ribotyping has been used to distinguish fecalE. coli of human origin from pooled fecal E. coli isolates of nonhuman origin. We have extended application of this technique to distinguishing fecal E. coli ribotype patterns from human and seven individual nonhuman hosts. Classification accuracy was best when the analysis was limited to three host sources. Application of this technique to identification of host sources of fecal coliforms in water could assist in formulation of pollution reduction plans.
Interaction of liposomes with subviral particles of poliovirus type 2 and rhinovirus type 2

Subviral particles ("A particles") were produced from rhinovirus type 2 by treatment with acid and from poliovirus type 2 by incubation at 37 degrees C in a low-ionic-strength buffer. A particles, but not virions, adsorbed to liposomes. It is proposed that these reactions may provide an in vitro model for two early steps of infection.
Spitzer Observations of High-Redshift QSOs

We have observed 13 z ≥ 4.5 QSOs using the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer, nine of which were also observed with the Infrared Array Camera. The observations probe rest wavelengths ~0.6-4.3 μm, bracketing the local minimum in QSO spectral energy distributions (SEDs) between strong optical emission associated directly with accretion processes and thermal emission from hot dust heated by the central engine. The new Spitzer photometry combined with existing measurements at other wavelengths shows that the SEDs of high-redshift QSOs (z ≥ 4.5) do not differ significantly from typical QSOs of similar luminosity at lower redshifts (z ≲ 2). This behavior supports other indications that all the emission components and physical structures that characterize QSO activity can be established by z = 6.4. The similarity also suggests that some QSOs at high redshift will be very difficult to identify because they are viewed along dust-obscured sight lines.
Childhood Studies: A sustainable paradigm?

This article interrogates what are frequently taken to be central commitments of Childhood Studies: the idea that children are worthy of study ‘in their own right’, that childhood is a ‘social construction’, that children are and must be treated as active agents, and that participatory methods are the gold standard. It is argued that while these ideas have been fruitful in some respects, they involve fundamental problems.
Prazosin + Naltrexone Decreases Alcohol Drinking More Effectively Than Does Either Drug Alone in P Rats with a Protracted History of Extensive Voluntary Alcohol Drinking, Dependence, and Multiple Withdrawals.

BACKGROUND Prazosin (PRZ; an α1 -adrenergic receptor antagonist) and naltrexone (NTX; a nonspecific opioid receptor antagonist) each decrease alcohol drinking when administered to rats selectively bred for high voluntary alcohol drinking (alcohol-preferring or "P"), and the combination of PRZ + NTX decreases alcohol drinking more effectively than does either drug alone. As drug responsiveness can depend on history of alcohol drinking and dependence, we investigated whether various schedules of PRZ and NTX administration, alone or in combination, are effective in decreasing alcohol drinking in male P rats with a history of protracted voluntary alcohol drinking, dependence, and repeated withdrawals closely resembling human alcoholism. METHODS Male P rats became alcohol-dependent during 1 year of ad libitum 24 h/d access to food, water, and 20% alcohol with repetitive temporary alcohol withdrawals. Four sequential studies then addressed effects of oral PRZ (2 mg/kg) and NTX (10 mg/kg), alone or together, on alcohol drinking during: (i) daily alcohol access with daily drug treatment, (ii) intermittent alcohol access with daily drug treatment, (iii) intermittent alcohol access with occasional drug treatment, and (iv) postdeprivation reinstatement of alcohol access. RESULTS The combination of PRZ + NTX consistently suppressed alcohol drinking during daily or intermittent alcohol access conditions and when drug treatment was either daily or occasional. PRZ + NTX was consistently more effective than either drug alone. The reduction in alcohol drinking was not due to sedation, motor effects, or malaise. CONCLUSIONS Both daily and "as-needed" treatment with PRZ + NTX are highly effective in suppressing daily, intermittent, and postdeprivation alcohol drinking in male P rats with a protracted history of alcohol dependence and repeated withdrawals. This drug combination may be especially effective for treating individuals with long histories of heavy alcohol abuse, dependence, and repeated relapse, as commonly encountered in clinical practice.
Dawn of the Epi-LncRNAs: new path from Myheart.

Myheart is a cardiac-specific long-noncoding (lnc) RNA with targeted modulation of chromatin- modifying switching–defective/sucrose–nonfermenting complex via direct interaction with Brg1. Genetic induction of Myheart in mouse heart has a significant protective effect against the pathogenesis of heart failure. LncRNAs are emerging epigenetic regulators with potentially important roles in cardiac development and diseases. Recent advances in genomics studies have revealed a profound new insight: the vast majority of our genome is no longer viewed as gene wasteland but actually littered with previously unrecognized harbors where many species of noncoding transcripts are produced.1 Among the different species of noncoding transcripts, lncRNAs, arbitrarily defined as transcripts longer than 200 nt with no or little translation propensity, represent a relatively new and understudied class. To date, majority of the nuclear lncRNAs are identified as histone modifiers that can epigenetically regulate transcriptome.1 These lncRNAs, which we refer here as Epi-lncRNAs, define a new paradigm of epigenetic regulation implicated in development and human diseases. In a recent report in Nature , Han et al identify the myosin heavy-chain–associated RNA transcripts (Myheart, or Mhrt) as an important regulator of cardiac hypertrophy and pathological remodeling through direct interaction with Brg1, the ATPase catalytic subunit of the switching defective/sucrose nonfermenting complex.2,3 This finding brings new spotlight to Epi-lncRNAs in cardiac gene regulation and pathogenesis and reveals Brg1 as a new lncRNA-regulated histone modifier (Figure). Figure. Epigenetic regulations by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Regulatory circuit of α- and β-myosin heavy …
Pollen and seed dispersal among dispersed plants

The ecological significance of spacing among plants in contributing to the maintenance of species richness, particularly in tropical forests, has received considerable attention that has largely focussed on distance ‐ and density‐dependent seed and seedling mortality. More recently it has become apparent that plant spacing is also relevant to pollination, which often constrains seed production. While seed and seedling survival is reduced at high conspecific densities, pollination success, by contrast, is positively correlated to local conspecific density. Distance‐dependent mechanisms acting on pollination and seed production have now been described for a variety of plants, with relatively isolated plants or fragmented populations generally suffering reduced fecundity due to pollen limitation. Yet there is considerable variability in the vulnerability of plant species to pollination failure, which may be a function of breeding system, life history, the pollination vector, the degree of specialisation among plants and their pollinators, and other indirect effects of habitat change acting on plants or pollinators. As reduced tree densities and population fragmentation are common outcomes of anthropogenically altered landscapes, understanding how pollination processes are affected in such degraded landscapes can inform effective conservation and management of remaining natural areas.
Sexual assault trauma during the acute phase: an exploratory model and multivariate analysis.

An exploratory model of variables affecting sexual assault trauma during the acute phase is proposed and tested, using a multivariate statistical analysis. As predicted, trauma level is affected by variables relating to the attack, the victim's demographics, and social support systems, but most important are the prior-stress variables. Some demographic variables of the victim affect trauma directly, others indirectly. Thus, sexual assault trauma is a complex phenomenon resulting from an interplay of various independent variables. Implications of these results are discussed in terms of the victimization literature, prevailing stereotypes about rape, methodology of rape studies, and treatment-related issues.
Antidumping

We review the growing literature on the effects of antidumping, a trade policy that has emerged as the most serious impediment to international trade. Over the past 25 years countries have increasingly turned to antidumping in order to offer protection to import-competing industries. Antidumping is a trade policy where the institutional process surrounding the investigation and determinations has significant impacts beyond the antidumping duty we observe, and where the filing decision, the legal determination, and the protective impact are all endogenous with firms' decisions in the market, leading to a wealth of potential strategic actions and distorted market outcomes. This theme underlies our discussion as we review the literature in three broad areas connected with different phases of the antidumping trade policy process: 1) pre-investigation, 2) investigation, and 3) post-investigation.
Morphological variations of sciatic nerve and piriformis muscle in gluteal region during fetal period

SUMMARY Intramuscular drug injection in the gluteal region is often the most frequent cause of sciatic nerve injury in preterm newborns. Local anatomic variation is one of the predisposing causes of iatrogenic sciatic nerve injury . The aim of this morphological study was to assess the relationship of sciatic nerve with the piriformis muscle and to elucidate variations of fusion of piriformis with neighboring muscles in the gluteal region of Indian human preterm fetuses. Four types of relationship of the sciatic nerve with the piriformis muscle were observed in one hundred gluteal regions of fifty spontaneously aborted, formalin-fixed fetuses, aged 20 to 36 week (24 males and 26 females). In 85% of the gluteal regions, the classic pattern was found, in which the two components of the sciatic nerve fuse with each other proximal to the piriformis, and the fused sciatic nerve emerges at the lower border of the piriformis. In the remaining 15% of the gluteal regions, variations in relationship were found. The most common variation, characterized by the passage of the common peroneal component through the piriformis and the emergence of the tibial part at the lower border of the piriformis, was seen in 9% of the gluteal regions. Common peroneal and tibial components passed above and below the muscle respectively in 3%, and the unsplit sciatic nerve passed through the piriformis in 3% of the gluteal regions. Four types of fusion of the piriformis with the neighboring muscles were seen: namely, no fusion; fusion with superior gamellus; fusion with gluteus medius, or fusion with gluteus medius and obturator internus complex in 28%, 43%, 26% and 3% of the gluteal regions respectively. Anatomical variations of the sciatic nerve in relation to the piriformis muscle should be kept in mind while performing medical or surgical interventions in this region.
Long‐Term Thresholds of Nonsteroidal Permanent Pacing Leads: A 5‐Year Study

The present commercial market supports many nonsteroidal endocardial pacing leads of differing construction. In order to compare the performance of these configurations, we studied the long‐term pacing properties of three representative lead types by randomized clinical trial in 99 patients undergoing a first elective VVl implant. Thirty‐one patients received sintered platinum leads, 36 activated pyrolytic carbon leads, and 32 vitreous carbon leads. All received generators capable of noninvasive threshold testing. Acute sensing parameters were R wave amplitude and ST segment elevation measured from the endocardial electrogram. Noninvasive voltage thresholds were measured at implantation, 2 days, 1, 3, and 6 months, and yearly thereafter for 5 years. There were no significant differences between leads in pacing or sensing capabilities at implantation. All three demonstrated similar increases in thresholds, peaking at 1 month, then falling to a plateau by 6 months and did not vary significantly thereafter. There were no significant differences in thresholds between leads during 5 years of follow‐up. The lowest mean threshold at 5 years was 0.93 V at 0.5 ms. This study suggests that: (1) although these lead types all perform well, none offers any particular clinical advantage over another; (2) the degree of early threshold peaking precludes immediate postimplant output reduction, but later thresholds are sufficiently low to enable reductions in pacing output; (3) safe low energy pacing requires greater attention to the lead‐generator combinations; (4) data obtained at subsequent annual follow‐up provided no additional useful clinical information to that obtained at 1 year, and (5) in the absence of other differences, cost can be the deciding factor in lead selection.
Using growth velocity to predict child mortality

Background: Growth assessment based on the WHO child growth velocity standards can potentially be used to predict adverse health outcomes. Nevertheless, there are very few studies on growth velocity to predict mortality. Objectives: We aimed to determine the ability of various growth velocity measures to predict child death within 3 mo and to compare it with those of attained growth measures. Design: Data from 5657 children ,5 y old who were enrolled in a cohort study in the Democratic Republic of Congo were used. Children were measured up to 6 times in 3-mo intervals, and 246 (4.3%) children died during the study period. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models informed the mortality risk within 3 mo for weight and length velocity z scores and 3-mo changes in midupper arm circumference (MUAC). We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to present balance in sensitivity and specificity to predict child death. Results: GEE models showed that children had an exponential increase in the risk of dying with decreasing growth velocity in all 4 indexes (1.2to 2.4-fold for every unit decrease). A length and weight velocity z score of ,23 was associated with an 11.8and a 7.9-fold increase, respectively, in the RR of death in the subsequent 3-mo period (95% CIs: 3.9, 35.5, and 3.9, 16.2, respectively). Weight and length velocity z scores had better predictive abilities [area under the ROC curves (AUCs) of 0.67 and 0.69] than did weight-for-age (AUC: 0.57) and length-for-age (AUC: 0.52) z scores. Among wasted children (weight-for-height z score ,22), the AUC of weight velocity z scores was 0.87. Absolute MUAC performed best among the attained indexes (AUC: 0.63), but longitudinal assessment of MUAC-based indexes did not increase the predictive value. Conclusion: Although repeated growth measures are slightly more complex to implement, their superiority in mortality-predictive abilities suggests that these could be used more for identifying children at increased risk of death. Am J Clin Nutr 2016;103:801–7.