Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficiency Analysis of Local Government Expenditures Based On Islamic Human Development Index

The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficiency of local government expenditure based on Islamic Human Development Index (I-HDI) in Local Government at the Indonesian’s Province using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). DEA is a non parametic method that was developed to measure the level of efficiency compared to the Decision Making Unit (DMU). This method can measure the efficiency of a government entity by using multi-input and multi-output. DEA result also can be used to identify wich input or output must be increased by Decision Making Unit (DMU) to reach optimum efficiency. The result from this study showed that the average of efficiency score in local government at Indonesian’s Province is increasing from 2015 until 2018. This study also indicates that North Sumatera, East Java, and Yogyakarta’s government spending were efficient in 4 years. While Bangka Belitung and West Papua achieve the lowest efficiency score, and should optimize input and increase the number of output to improve the efficiency. Morever, the main source of inefficiency is in Life birth rate indicators.
Toward the Implementation of MPTCP Over mmWave 5G and Beyond: Analysis, Challenges, and Solutions

5G and beyond 5G networks are going to be an inseparable part of human lives in the future. They will dominate any aspects of everyday activities from smart homes, remote surgery, and smart cities to autonomous driving, which demand high throughput through low latency end-to-end communication. Consequently, employing higher frequencies in millimeter-wave for the coming cellular networks will be inevitable. On the one hand, millimeter-wave can provide massive data rates; on the other hand, it suffers from some shortcomings such as blockage and misalignment that can occur because of the susceptible characteristic of the high frequencies. These flaws can mislead TCP in adjusting its sending rate efficiently and reduce the connection quality that a user discerns. Deploying Multipath TCP (MPTCP) is one of the schemes that can relieve the aforementioned issues and assist in utilizing the new generation mobile networks’ high potential by leveraging its features in exploiting diverse paths in networks such as NR or LTE. A well-designed MPTCP can select the best path among the available ones, so it can enhance the perceived user experience. This paper fills the gap of having a comprehensive overview of MPTCP and its deployment over 5G and beyond 5G networks. It analyses millimeter-wave-based cellular networks, MPTCP procedures and parameters, state-of-the-art MPTCP congestion control mechanisms and schedulers, and the probable solutions that may enhance the protocol’s functionality in cellular communication.
Investigation on cone jetting regimes of liquid droplets subjected to pyroelectric fields induced by laser blasts

Electrical conductivity and viscosity play a major role in the tip jetting behaviour of liquids subjected to electrohydrodynamic (EHD) forces, thus influencing significantly the printing performance. Recently, we developed a nozzle- and electrode-free pyro-EHD system as a versatile alternative to conventional EHD configurations and we demonstrated different applications, including inkjet printing and three-dimensional lithography. However, only dielectric fluids have been used in all of those applications. Here, we present an experimental characterization of the pyro-EHD jetting regimes, induced by laser blasts, of sessile drops in case of dielectric and conductive liquids in order to extend the applicability of the system to a wider variety of fields including biochemistry and biotechnology where conductive aqueous solutions are typically used.
An integrative and prospective approach to regional material flow analysis: Modeling the decarbonization of the North Rhine‐Westphalian steel industry

North‐Rhine Westphalia is the center of the German and European steel production. Its steel industry is heavily based on the primary production route and emits up to 30 Mt CO2 annually. One possible and increasingly prominent alternative to reduce these emissions is the hydrogen‐based direct reduction. While this technology allows for a near climate‐neutral production of primary steel, it poses substantial impacts on regional energy and material flows. Hence, the aim of this paper is to quantify the alterations in energy and material flows over time via integrating top‐down energy and material flow models with bottom‐up process models. The resulting values of emissions, energy, and material flows are then used to develop prospective scenarios that depict the requirements and consequences of potential pathways toward a climate‐neutral steel production by 2045. The outcomes show that decarbonizing the North Rhine‐Westphalian steel industry leads to an additional demand for renewable energies of up to 52.5 TWh per year, which represents 10% of the current electricity production in Germany. As securing the green electricity demand is a large challenge, the study also analyzes the impact of a partial recourse to natural gas as a reducing agent in combination with other measures like carbon capture and utilization/storage. The results show that such a recourse would reduce the electricity demand to 36.8 TWh. Hence, the paper illustrates relevant implications of the different scenarios, which can be used by policymakers to develop more realistic and resilient strategies for reaching carbon neutrality.
Protein-Based Fat Replacers: A Focus on Fabrication Methods and Fat-Mimic Mechanisms

The increasing occurrence of obesity and other non-communicable diseases has shifted the human diet towards reduced calorie intake. This drives the market to develop low-fat/non-fat food products with limited deterioration of textural properties. Thus, developing high-quality fat replacers which can replicate the role of fat in the food matrix is essential. Among all the established types of fat replacers, protein-based ones have shown a higher compatibility with a wide range of foods with limited contribution to the total calories, including protein isolate/concentrate, microparticles, and microgels. The approach to fabricating fat replacers varies with their types, such as thermal–mechanical treatment, anti-solvent precipitation, enzymatic hydrolysis, complexation, and emulsification. Their detailed process is summarized in the present review with a focus on the latest findings. The fat-mimic mechanisms of fat replacers have received little attention compared to the fabricating methods; attempts are also made to explain the underlying principles of fat replacers from the physicochemical prospect. Finally, a future direction on the development of desirable fat replacers in a more sustainable way was also pointed out.
Acceptability, Feasibility, and Effectiveness of Immersive Virtual Technologies to Promote Exercise in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Context: This review aimed to synthesize the literature on the acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of immersive virtual technologies to promote physical exercise in older people. Method: We performed a literature review, based on four databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus; last search: 30 January 2023). Eligible studies had to use immersive technology with participants aged 60 years and over. The results regarding acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of immersive technology-based interventions in older people were extracted. The standardized mean differences were then computed using a random model effect. Results: In total, 54 relevant studies (1853 participants) were identified through search strategies. Concerning the acceptability, most participants reported a pleasant experience and a desire to use the technology again. The average increase in the pre/post Simulator Sickness Questionnaire score was 0.43 in healthy subjects and 3.23 in subjects with neurological disorders, demonstrating this technology’s feasibility. Regarding the effectiveness, our meta-analysis showed a positive effect of the use of virtual reality technology on balance (SMD = 1.05; 95% CI: 0.75–1.36; p < 0.001) and gait outcomes (SMD = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.14–0.80; p < 0.001). However, these results suffered from inconsistency and the number of trials dealing with these outcomes remains low, calling for further studies. Conclusions: Virtual reality seems to be well accepted by older people and its use with this population is feasible. However, more studies are needed to conclude its effectiveness in promoting exercise in older people.
Color Texture Image Inpainting Using the Non Local CTV Model

The classical TV (Total Variation) model has been applied to gray texture image denoising and inpainting previously based on the non local operators, but such model can not be directly used to color texture image inpainting due to coupling of different image layers in color images. In order to solve the inpainting problem for color texture images effectively, we propose a non local CTV (Color Total Variation) model. Technically, the proposed model is an extension of local TV model for gray images but we take account of the coupling of different layers in color images and make use of concepts of the non-local operators. As the coupling of different layers for color images in the proposed model will in-crease computational complexity, we also design a fast Split Bregman algorithm. Finally, some numerical experiments are conducted to validate the performance of the proposed model and its algorithm.
Two new warp drive equations based on parallel 3 + 1 ADM formalisms in contravariant and covariant forms applied to the Natario spacetime geometry

Warp Drives are solutions of the Einstein Field Equations that allows superluminal travel within the framework of General Relativity. There are at the present moment two known solutions: The Alcubierre warp drive discovered in 1994 and the Natario warp drive discovered in 2001. However the major drawback concerning warp drives is the huge amount of negative energy density able to sustain the warp bubble.In order to perform an interstellar space travel to a ”nearby” star at 20 lightyears away in a reasonable amount of time a ship must attain a speed of about 200 times faster than light.However the negative energy density at such a speed is directly proportional to the factor 10 which is 1.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000 times bigger in magnitude than the mass of the planet Earth! With the correct form of the shape function the Natario warp drive can overcome this obstacle at least in theory.Other drawbacks that affects the warp drive geometry are the collisions with hazardous interstellar matter(asteroids,comets,interstellar dust etc)that will unavoidably occurs when a ship travels at superluminal speeds and the problem of the Horizons(causally disconnected portions of spacetime). The geometrical features of the Natario warp drive are the required ones to overcome these obstacles also at least in theory. Some years ago starting from 2012 to 2014 a set of works appeared in the current scientific literature covering the Natario warp drive with an equation intended to be the original Natario equation however this equation do not obeys the original 3 + 1 Arnowitt-Dresner-Misner(ADM) formalism and hence this equation cannot be regarded as the original Natario warp drive equation.However this new equation satisfies the Natario criteria for a warp drive spacetime and as a matter of fact this equation must be analyzed under a new and parallel contravariant 3+1 ADM formalism.In this work we introduce also a second new Natario equation but using a parallel covariant 3 + 1 ADM formalism. We compare both the original and parallel 3+1 ADM formalisms wether in contravariant or covariant form using the approach of Misner-Thorne-Wheeler(MTW ) and Alcubierre and while in the 3+1 spacetime the parallel equations differs radically from the original one when we reduce the equations to a 1+1 spacetime all the equations becomes equivalent.We discuss the possibilities in General Relativity for these new equations. ∗spacetimeshortcut@yahoo.com
Does Digital Economy Development Successfully
Drive the Quality of Green Innovation in China?

Based on the systematic analysis of the development trend of the digital economy and regional structure, we focused on the heterogeneous influence mechanism of digital economy development on regional green innovation quality. The research finds that, on the whole, the development of the digital economy has a significant promoting effect on the improvement of regional green innovation quality. Interestingly, with the improvement of the development level of the digital economy, there are differences in its driving mechanisms for the quality of regional green innovation. A lesser level of digital economy development is not conducive to improving the quality of regional green innovation. But when digital economy development rises, it can positively drive the quality of regional green innovation. Once the level of digital economy development breaks through the critical scale. In other words, the higher the level of inter-regional digital economy development, the more beneficial it is to promote the quality of green innovation.
Lasing characteristics of self-formed quantum-dot lasers with multistacked dot layer

Room-temperature continuous-wave (CW) operation at the ground state has been achieved in self-formed quantum-dot lasers with multistacked dot layer. By systematic investigation, discontinuous shifts of lasing wavelength from the high-order subbands to the ground state are clearly demonstrated for the first time by varying the number of dot layers and the cavity loss. Lasers oscillating at different subbands exhibit different behaviors against temperature both in the spectral characteristics and in the threshold currents, which are strongly related to emission efficiency of quantum dots and thermal excitation of carriers to higher order subbands. High characteristic temperature over 300 K has been achieved in a laser with high-reflection coating on both facets in the temperature range 60-200 K. Future prospects of improvement in the laser characteristics are also discussed.
Realistic fabric rendering with yarn models

Modeling fabrics with yarn models makes the fabric structure more realistic in detail. In this paper, a fiber-level rendering method is proposed to simulate different yarns and fabrics. The fibers are divided into three categories: the ply, the loop hairiness and the short hairiness. Geometric tubes are modeled to match these fibers according to the input yarn parameters. Different fibers can be selected depending on the yarn type, which is flexible to reduce the computation amount. Texture mapping is applied to simulate the yarn surface, reducing the memory and time cost of rendering large numbers of fibers. Several single yarns and fabric with different structures are simulated, demonstrating that this is an effective method for fabric modeling and rendering.
Digital media image automatic recognition system based on mean clustering algorithm

In recent years, with the popularity of the Internet, digital media has become an indispensable part of people's life. Image acquisition equipment is widely used in daily life and work. However, due to technical problems, it can not meet the performance requirements of users. At the same time, a large number of data and information are difficult to be effectively processed, which also reduces the image quality, reduces the storage space and increases the image distortion. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new algorithms to improve these defects. Therefore, this paper designs and develops an automatic digital media image recognition system based on mean clustering algorithm. Firstly, this paper describes the concept and characteristics of digital media. Then, this paper also studies the application of mean clustering algorithm. Based on this, an automatic digital media image recognition system is designed, and the performance of the system is tested by simulation. Finally, the test results show that the algorithm can accurately identify media images. In general, the performance of the digital media image automatic recognition system based on mean clustering algorithm can meet the needs of target users.
Novel diffraction properties of high-contrast gratings

High contrast sub-wavelength gratings (HCGs) possess unique diffraction properties such as steep angle diffraction, high diffraction efficiency with large spectral bandwidth. Here, we discuss the application of diffraction optimized HCG's as security tags with color shifting properties. Simulations of the gratings carried out using rigorous coupled wave analysis clearly show distinguishable color features for different angles of viewing. The designed security tags find application in documents which are prone to risk of counterfeiting.
The next hype in social media advertising: Examining virtual influencers’ brand endorsement effectiveness

Virtual influencers are gaining prominence as a way of attracting people’s attention on social media, but limited research has been conducted on this subject. In this research, we explore the effects of human-like virtual influencers (HVIs) vs. anime-like virtual influencers (AVIs) and sponsorship disclosure on message credibility perception and message attitudes. Conducted with a 2 (virtual influencer type: HVI vs. AVI) x 2 (sponsorship disclosure: absent vs. present) between-subjects experiment, our findings suggest that HVI endorsements produce greater perception of message credibility and message attitudes than AVI endorsements, but the superior effect of HVIs (vs. AVIs) vanishes when sponsorship is disclosed. The results also show that message credibility plays a significant mediating role only when sponsorship is not disclosed. We believe our research offers interesting insights to both researchers and practitioners on the topic of virtual influencers.
Nocturnal Continental Low-Level Stratus over Tropical West Africa: Observations and Possible Mechanisms Controlling Its Onset

AbstractSome spatiotemporal characteristics and possible mechanisms controlling the onset of the widespread, low-level nocturnal stratiform clouds that formed during May–October 2006 over southern tropical West Africa are investigated using cloudiness observations from surface weather stations, data from various satellite platforms, and surface-based remote sensing profiles at Nangatchori in central Benin. It is found that the continental stratus is lower than the maritime stratus over the Gulf of Guinea and persists well into the noon hours. For the study period, a clear seasonal cycle was documented, as well as a dependence on latitude with the cloudiest zone north of the coastal zone and south of approximately 9°N. It is also shown that nonprecipitating clear and cloudy nights observed at Nangatchori in central Benin often reflect clearer and cloudier than normal conditions over a wide region of southern West Africa. At Nangatchori, on average the stratus developed at 0236 UTC (about local time) with a.
CW operation of a 1.064-/spl mu/m pumped Tm-Ho-doped silica fiber laser

The results from experiments relating to the CW operation of a Tm-Ho-doped silica fiber laser which is pumped with the fundamental output from a Nd:YAG laser are presented. The measured maximum output power from the fiber laser of 11 mW was generated at a slope efficiency of approximately 1.8% for a fiber length of 0.574 m and an output coupling of 10%. An output wavelength of 2170 nm (one of the longest lasing wavelengths to be achieved with the use of a silica host material) was also generated from the Tm-Ho-doped fiber laser when the fiber length was extended to 1.240 m and a 5% output coupling incorporated. The reduced efficiency and increased threshold for the Nd:YAG-pumped Tm-Ho-doped silica fiber laser when compared to previous reports of Ti:sapphire pumping is discussed in detail with the aid of a comprehensive numerical model. The numerical model solves the rate equations for the Tm-Ho-doped silica fiber laser system by taking into account the cross relaxation, energy transfer, and upconversion mechanisms, and it utilizes all published spectroscopic parameters relevant to Tm-Ho-doped silica and Tm-Ho:ZBLAN glass materials. It is established that the excited state absorption relevant to Nd:YAG pumping severely depletes the /sup 3/H/sub 4/ energy level of Tm/sup 3+/ and consequently hinders the energy transfer process to the /sup 5/I/sub 7/ energy level of Ho/sup 3+/. Optimum dopant concentrations are also established for both Nd:YAG and Ti:sapphire pump schemes.
On Limiting Distributions for One-dimensional Diffusion Processes

The purpose of this paper is to show the existence of the limit of transition probabilities P( t, x, • ) as t---) co. That the limiting distributions satisfy certain differential equations was stated by A. KOLMOGOROV [7]. ') S. BERNSTEIN [1] has discussed the existence of the limits for the processes determined by the stochastic difference equations under somewhat stronger conditions on diffusion coefficients which imply EIX(t);A} < L for all large t with some positive constants 2 and L. Theorem 1 asserts that if the mean of the first passage time f rom any one point to another is finite, then the limiting distribution exists which can be given explicitly as the solution of a certain differential equation. We use the strong Markov property and then apply a renewal theorem. The author expresses his hearty thanks to Prof. T. KITAGAWA, Prof. G. MARUYAMA and Prof. 'I'. ONOYAMA for their kind encouragements and advices throughout the preparation of this paper.
Rational number and proportional reasoning in early secondary school: towards principled improvement in mathematics

Reflecting concerns about student attainment and participation in mathematics and science, the Effecting Principled Improvement in STEM Education (epiSTEMe) project attempted to support pedagogical advancement in these two disciplines. Using principles identified as effective in the research literature (and combining these in a novel fashion), the project developed topic modules for early secondary-school teaching in the UK, arranged for their implementation in classrooms, and evaluated the results. This article reports the development, implementation and evaluation of the epiSTEMe mathematics module entitled Fractions, Ratios and Proportions. The module covers aspects of rational number and proportional reasoning relevant to the early secondary curriculum, and was developed in collaboration with teachers, implemented in 11 classrooms, and evaluated through comparison with 16 control classrooms where the topic was addressed using established methods. Students who used the epiSTEMe materials made significantly greater progress than control students as regards topic mastery, while holding positive opinions about their teaching and learning experiences.
Kinesthetic empathic witnessing in relation to embodied and extended cognition in inclusive dance audiences

Abstract This paper explores the connection between kinesthetic empathy, embodied cognition, and abstract thought and language as a form of extended cognition in audiences of inclusive dance. The exploration grounds itself in the analysis of primary data collected from interviews with audience members of an inclusive dance performance that studied their critical engagement with the concept of disability. Drawn from the interviews are specific choreographic moments and emotions evoked in those audience members, and associates the choreography and emotions with possible experiences of kinesthetic empathy and ways of understanding ability and disability in the context of dance. The analysis contributes to a greater understanding of the impact that takes place when watching inclusive dance performances, and other dance performances that resist or challenge dominant social identity categories. The research contributes to the reduction of the intrinsic instrumental divide in creative work, expanding the spaces into which cultural value can be considered.