Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An improved Antarctic dataset for high resolution numerical ice sheet models (ALBMAP v1)

Abstract. The dataset described in this paper (ALBMAP) has been created for the purposes of high-resolution numerical ice sheet modelling of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. It brings together data on the ice sheet configuration (e.g. ice surface and ice thickness) and boundary conditions, such as the surface air temperature, accumulation and geothermal heat flux. The ice thickness and basal topography is based on the BEDMAP dataset (Lythe et al., 2001), however, there are a number of inconsistencies within BEDMAP and, since its release, more data has become available. The dataset described here addresses these inconsistencies, including some novel interpolation schemes for sub ice-shelf cavities, and incorporates some major new datasets. The inclusion of new datasets is not exhaustive, this considerable task is left for the next release of BEDMAP, however, the data and procedure documented here provides another step forward and demonstrates the issues that need addressing in a continental scale dataset useful for high resolution ice sheet modelling. The dataset provides an initial condition that is as close as possible to present-day ice sheet configuration, aiding modelling of the response of the Antarctic Ice Sheet to various forcings, which are, at present, not fully understood.
Protein Refolding Guided by High-Throughput Differential Scanning Fluorimetry: a case study of an 1 HtrA-Family Bacterial Protease 2

1 HtrA-Family Bacterial Protease 2 Michael Ronzetti 1,2, Bolormaa Baljinnyam 1, Utpal Pal 2, Anton Simeonov 1* 3 1 National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850 4 2 Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Maryland, 8075 Greenmead Drive, College Park, MD 5 20740 6 *Corresponding Author: asimeono@nih.gov 7
Predicting hydrofacies and hydraulic conductivity from direct‐push data using a data‐driven relevance vector machine approach: Motivations, algorithms, and application

The spatial heterogeneity of hydraulic conductivity (K) exerts a major control on groundwater flow and solute transport. The heterogeneous spatial distribution of K can be imaged using indirect geophysical data as long as reliable relations exist to link geophysical data to K. This paper presents a nonparametric learning machine approach to predict aquifer K from cone penetrometer tests (CPT) coupled with a soil moisture and resistivity probe (SMR) using relevance vector machines (RVMs). The learning machine approach is demonstrated with an application to a heterogeneous unconsolidated littoral aquifer in a 12 km2 subwatershed, where relations between K and multiparameters CPT/SMR soundings appear complex. Our approach involved fuzzy clustering to define hydrofacies (HF) on the basis of CPT/SMR and K data prior to the training of RVMs for HFs recognition and K prediction on the basis of CPT/SMR data alone. The learning machine was built from a colocated training data set representative of the study area that includes K data from slug tests and CPT/SMR data up‐scaled at a common vertical resolution of 15 cm with K data. After training, the predictive capabilities of the learning machine were assessed through cross validation with data withheld from the training data set and with K data from flowmeter tests not used during the training process. Results show that HF and K predictions from the learning machine are consistent with hydraulic tests. The combined use of CPT/SMR data and RVM‐based learning machine proved to be powerful and efficient for the characterization of high‐resolution K heterogeneity for unconsolidated aquifers.
Puzzlingly High Correlations in Fmri Studies of Emotion, Personality, and Social Cognition 1 Address Correspondence To

—Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of emotion, personality, and social cognition have drawn much attention in recent years, with high-profile studies frequently reporting extremely high (e.g., >.8) correlations between brain activation and personality measures. We show that these correlations are higher than should be expected given the (evidently limited) reliability of both fMRI and personality measures. The high correlations are all the more puzzling because method sections rarely contain much detail about how the correlations were obtained. We surveyed authors of 55 articles that reported findings of this kind to determine a few details on how these correlations were computed. More than half acknowledged using a strategy that computes separate correlations for individual voxels and reports means of only those voxels exceeding chosen thresholds. We show how this nonindependent analysis inflates correlations while yielding reassuring-looking scattergrams. This analysis technique was used to obtain the vast majority of the implausibly high correlations in our survey sample. In addition, we argue that, in some cases, other analysis problems likely created entirely spurious correlations. We outline how the data from these studies could be reanalyzed with unbiased methods to provide accurate estimates of the correlations in question and urge authors to perform such reanalyses. The underlying problems described here appear to be common in fMRI research of many kinds—not just in studies of emotion, personality, and social cognition. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of emotion, personality, and social cognition scarcely existed 10 years ago, and yet the field has already achieved a remarkable level of attention and prominence. Within the space of a few years, it has spawned several new journals (Social Neuroscience, Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience) and is the focus of substantial new funding initiatives (National Institute of Mental Health, 2007) while receiving lavish attention from the popular press (Hurley, 2008) and the trade press of the psychological research community (e.g., Fiske, 2003). Perhaps even more impressive, however, is the number of papers from this area that have appeared in such prominent journals as Science, Nature, and Nature Neuroscience. Although the questions and methods used in such research are quite diverse, a substantial number of widely cited papers in this field have reported a specific type of empirical finding that appears to bridge the divide between mind and brain: extremely high correlations between measures of individual differences relating to personality, emotion, and social cognition and measures of brain activity …
Valuing Climate Change: The Economics of the Greenhouse

PART 1: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW Economics and Climate Change PART 2: THE ECONOMIC COSTS OF GLOBAL WARMING Overview: Global Warming Damage The Economic Costs of CO2 Concentration Doubling The Marginal Social Costs per Unit Emitted The Costs of Adaptation: The Case of Sea Level Rise PART 3: GLOBAL WARMING POLICY The Costs of Greenhouse Gas Abatement Policy Instruments and Carbon Tax Discounting The Optimal Policy Response to Global Warming International Cooperation Conclusions: Open Questions and State of the Art
Production Networks in Asia: A Case Study from the Hard Disk Drive Industry

Production networks have been extensively developed in East Asia. Previous studies on production networks used international trade data or input–output tables, but such aggregate data cannot explain how the networks actually operate. With the aim of understanding the features and characteristics of East Asian production networks, this paper examines the procurement system of a hard disk drive assembler operating in Thailand. This micro-level case study found that this particular production network consists mostly of arm’s-length suppliers, who are independent and on an equal footing with the assembler.
Low back pain among Irish farmers.

BACKGROUND Despite farming being regarded as a high-risk activity for low back pain (LBP), little LBP research exists for this work sector. AIMS To establish LBP prevalence, beliefs regarding LBP, perceived LBP risk factors, related health service utilization, awareness and participation in manual-handling training among farmers in Ireland. METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was distributed to 200 farmers in Ireland via five Irish veterinary practices. Data were entered onto the Statistical package for the Social Sciences (version 12.0.1) and analysed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data were coded and analysed for common themes. RESULTS The response rate was 52% (n = 104). Lifetime, annual and point prevalence of LBP was 74% (n = 77), 54% (n = 56) and 27% (n = 28), respectively. Of respondents with a history of LBP, 72% (n = 55) stated that farming had contributed to their problem. Sixty-three per cent (n = 31) identified lifting as a contributory factor to their LBP. The majority of respondents (86%, n = 66) with LBP sought some form of treatment, with 73% (n = 56) of these having attended a general practitioner (GP). Few respondents (13%, n = 14) had ever attended a manual-handling course. CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence of LBP was found among farmers, with lifting being reported as the major contributing factor. GPs were the most commonly utilized healthcare practitioner for LBP. Farmers do not commonly attend manual-handling courses with many noting they were not widely accessible or adequately publicized. There is a need for high-quality studies to examine the effectiveness of different interventions to prevent LBP among the Irish farming population.
Specific binding of DnaA to the DnaA box motif in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus

In bacterial DNA replication, the initiator protein DnaA binds to the multiple DnaA box sequences 27 located at oriC to facilitate the unwinding of duplex DNA strands. The cyanobacterium 28 Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, which contains multiple chromosomal copies per cell, has 29 DnaA box − like sequences around the oriC region, which is located upstream of dnaN . We 30 previously observed the binding of DnaA around the oriC region; however, the DNA-binding 31 specificity of DnaA to DnaA box sequences has not been examined. Here, we analyzed the binding 32 specificity of DnaA protein to the DnaA box in S. elongatus by using bio-layer interferometry (BLI), 33 a method for monitoring intermolecular interactions. We observed that recombinant DnaA protein 34 recognized specifically the DnaA box sequence TTTTCCACA in vitro . In addition, DNA binding 35 activity was significantly increased by R328H mutation of DnaA. This is the first report to 36 characterize DnaA binding to the DnaA box sequence in cyanobacteria.
Estudio exploratorio sobre el fenómeno del "Bullying" en la ciudad de Cali, Colombia

This is the first study on the phenomenon of peer aggression or "bullying" in the city of Cali, Colombia. A survey of 2,542 students of 6th, 7th and 8th grade in 14 middle- and high-schools in the city was carried out with the purpose of identifying the presence or absence of this problem, and in case it existed, of establishing the specific forms of its manifestation, discriminating by age, gender and SES. Results showed that bullying occurs in 24.7% of all students in the survey, expressed as verbal, physical or psychological aggression or intimidation in both genders and all SES's. It was also found that the most frequent form of aggression is verbal, and that this form also happens in the presence of peers and teachers in classrooms.
Time-series measurements of stream and sediment temperature for understanding river–groundwater interactions: Border Rivers and Lower Richmond catchments, Australia

Monitoring of temperature in the stream sediment (0.25–1.2 m depth) as well as the stream itself was used to investigate groundwater–surface water interactions in two different Australian catchments (Border Rivers and Lower Richmond). When interpreted with hydrographic and hydraulic conductivity data, the temperature monitoring provided useful insights into the spatial and temporal variability of stream–aquifer connectivity. At one site, sediment temperatures fluctuated with the diurnal temperature variation of the stream, reflecting river leakage (losing conditions). No diurnal signal was detected in the sediment temperatures at other sites, which is a typical indicator of gaining conditions. However, with water-level measurements indicating negative gradients and the stream sediments dominated by clay at these sites, this lack of sediment temperature variability is interpreted to reflect very low rates of downward seepage. At one site, a transition from gaining to losing conditions was observed through time. In the field trials, operational issues such as timing the monitoring to coincide with reasonable diurnal variations of stream temperature, the requirement of understanding the shallow stratigraphy of the stream bed and separating out localised effects (such as weirs) were highlighted. The trials also highlighted that interpretation of the temperature data can be ambiguous when viewed in isolation. Results indicated that time-series measurements of sediment and stream temperatures can be a useful screening tool for identifying gaining and losing reaches and for identifying temporal variations in seepage flux. It is suggested that temperature loggers can be readily and cheaply incorporated into existing hydrographic networks to provide a greater understanding of stream–aquifer connectivity. It is also recommended that existing routine temperature logging (such as with pressure transducers) be upgraded to sufficient accuracy for seepage studies. Temperature monitoring would be particularly useful in estimating seepage from Australian ephemeral streams. These data also have relevance to the investigation and management of aquatic ecosystems, notably in the hyporheic zone.
Evaluation of liquid and vapor water flow in desert soils based on chlorine 36 and tritium tracers and nonisothermal flow simulations

The distribution of anthropogenic {sup 36}Cl and {sup 3}H was used along with numerical flow simulations to evaluate the relative importance of liquid and vapor flow in the shallow unsaturated zone of an area within the Chihuahuan Desert of Texas. Chlorine 36 is nonvolatile and is restricted to liquid phase flow, whereas tritiated water is volatile and can move in both liquid and vapor phases. Tritium penetrated 1 m deeper than {sup 36}Cl, although {sup 3}H fallout occurred later than that of {sup 36}Cl. Deeper penetration of {sup 3}H relative to that of {sup 36}Cl was attributed to enhanced downward movement of {sup 3}H in the vapor phase. The moisture flux calculated from the {sup 36}Cl/Cl peak at 0.5-m depth was 1.4 mm yr{sup {minus} 1}, whereas that based on the {sup 3}H peak at 1.4-m depth was 7 mm yr{sup {minus} 1}. The difference in moisture fluxes between the two tracers suggests a vapor flux of approximately 6 mm yr{sup {minus}1}. The vapor flux hypothesis was tested using nonisothermal liquid and vapor flow simulations with the computer code SPLaSH-WaTr. Simulations of 5-day periods in the winter and summer were conducted to represent the extremes in temperature gradients. The calculatedmore » vapor flux was two to eight orders of magnitude greater than the liquid flux for the periods simulated. Predicted vapor fluxes were upward in the top 0.04 m of the unsaturated zone in the summer and winter in response to steep water potential gradients induced by surface evaporation. Below the evaporation front, from depths of 0.15 to 1 m, downward vapor fluxes in the summer were much greater than generally upward vapor fluxes in the winter. These results suggest an annual net downward vapor flux that is consistent with the chemical tracer data. « less
Mathematical and experimental approaches to identify and predict the effects of chemotherapy on neuroglial precursors.

UNLABELLED The adverse effects of chemotherapy on normal cells of the body create substantial clinical problems for many cancer patients. However, relatively little is known about the effects, other than promotion of cell death, of such agents on the function of normal precursor cells critical in tissue homeostasis and repair. We have combined mathematical and experimental analyses to identify the effects of sublethal doses of chemotherapy on glial precursor cells of the central nervous system. We modeled the temporal development of a population of precursor and terminally differentiated cells exposed to sublethal doses of carmustine (BCNU), a classic alkylating chemotherapeutic agent used in treatment of gliomas and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, as a multitype age-dependent branching process. We fitted our model to data from in vitro clonal experiments using the method of pseudo-likelihood. This approach identifies several novel drug effects, including modification of the cell cycle length, the time between division and differentiation, and alteration in the probability of undergoing self-renewal division in precursor cells. These changes of precursor cell function in the chemotherapy-exposed brain may have profound clinic implications. MAJOR FINDINGS We applied our computational approach to analyze the effects of BCNU on clonal cultures of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells-one of the best-characterized neural progenitor cells in the mammalian brain. Our analysis reveals that transient exposures to BCNU increased the cell cycle length of progenitor cells and decreased their time to differentiation, while also decreasing the likelihood that they will undergo self-renewing divisions. By investigating the behavior of our mathematical model, we demonstrate that precursor cell populations should recover spontaneously from transient modifications of the timing of division and of differentiation, but such recovery will not happen after alteration of cell fate. These studies identify means by which precursor cell function can be critically compromised by transient exposure to chemotherapy with long-term consequences on the progenitor cell pool even in the absence of drug-induced apoptosis. These analyses also provide novel tools that apply broadly to identify effects of chemotherapeutic agents and other physiological stressors.
Study on convex grating in hyperspectral imaging spectrometers

The convex grating is one of the key elements in Offner hyperspectral imaging spectrometers. In this paper the design of the holographic convex grating focuses on the optimization of its recording parameters for aberration correction. Meantime, the diffraction efficiency of the convex grating is discussed by using rigorous coupled-wave theory. The results show: within the wavelength range from 0. 4μm to 0. 78μm, the diffraction efficiency can be over 20% and up to 40% through controlling the groove depth and duty cycle of rectangular grating; the diffraction efficiency can be over 35% through controlling the blaze degree of the blazed grating. The rectangular surface-relief convex grating with the period of 5μm in the center, and the ruled area - a convex with its radius 100mm and aperture 40mm has been fabricated by holographic-ion beam etching. A prototype blazed convex grating will be fabricated in late 2010.
Toward Integrated Scene Text Reading.

The growth in digital camera usage combined with a worldly abundance of text has translated to a rich new era for a classic problem of pattern recognition, reading. While traditional document processing often faces challenges such as unusual fonts, noise, and unconstrained lexicons, scene text reading amplifies these challenges and introduces new ones such as motion blur, curved layouts, perspective projection, and occlusion among others. Reading scene text is a complex problem involving many details that must be handled effectively for robust, accurate results. In this work, we describe and evaluate a reading system that combines several pieces, using probabilistic methods for coarsely binarizing a given text region, identifying baselines, and jointly performing word and character segmentation during the recognition process. By using scene context to recognize several words together in a line of text, our system gives state of the art performance on three difficult benchmark data sets.
Rejuvenating a Maturing Tourist Destination: The Case of the Gold Coast

Bill Faulkner passed away at his home on the Gold Coast,Queensland, Australia, early in the morning of Monday, 28 January 2002, after a battle with cancer. If there was one ‘visionary’ behind the Gold Coast Tourism Visioning project, it was Prof. Bill Faulkner. For most of the past two decades, Bill was a driving force in putting the need for tourism research on the agendas of industry and governments at the local, regional, state, national and international levels. It was not uncommon for Bill to be well ahead of his time, creating new models for tourism research, especially when it came to destination management and chaos/complexity theory. He set the pace. Usually, his foresight challenged his peers and extended their capabilities to produce even more considered, rigorous, professional and worthy outcomes. When Bill Faulkner invited eminent futurist, Dr Peter Ellyard to contribute to the work of this Gold Coast Tourism Visioning project just before Christmas, 2001, Dr Ellyard spoke of the ‘Janus effect’, which ‘causes us to dwell on the threshold, in order to look backwards and forwards over our life line, and contemplate our life’s journey thus far and where it could or should be headed’. Bill was doing just that with destination Gold Coast. As one of his last major contributions to tourism, Bill was leading a new journey of better understanding the past nature of tourism development on the Gold Coast, providing a detailed assessment of the current status of tourism as the largest single contributor to the Gold Coast regional economy, and crafting a process to achieve a common vision amongst key stakeholder groups for a sustainable tourism future for the place he called home. His year + battle with cancer did not impact on his resolve to continue to guide and contribute to this whole Gold Coast Tourism Visioning process. Up until a
Group Consensus of Multi-agent Systems with Additive Noises and Multiplicative Noises

In this paper, we study the group consensus problem of multi-agent systems with additive noises and multiplicative noises. The multi-agent systems are composed of two sub networks affected by additive noises and multiplicative noises, respectively. A consensus protocol is designed to guarantee the group consensus. Based on this protocol, the mean square weak consensus condition and mean square strong consensus condition are obtained by algebraic graph theory and stochastic stability theory. Finally, the numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the group consensus protocol in this paper.
Integrated Catchment Value Systems

Historic models of conservation are being superseded by the integration of ecological, economic and social dimensions into a simultaneously sustainable and supportive whole. This transition is evident as South Africa evolves from an apartheid history to novel governance including the equitable, sustainable and efficient use of water within an arid and increasingly climate-challenged landscape. The concept of ‘value chains’, established in industrial and government thinking, has been applied to wa-ter issues. We explore and extend ‘value chain’ thinking to cover various important dimensions of water management, taking account of both developed-world assumptions and developing world realities. This analysis exposes the limitations of linear ‘value chains’, and the need to join them up into cyclic sys-tems if they are to protect or improve the capacity of water systems to support the sustainable livelihoods and wellbeing of people dependent upon diverse ecosystem services within catchments. Informed by practical work by the authors in catchments within South Africa, we develop an integrated catchment value system model to support action research dialogues for the delivery of sustainable water ser-vices.