Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying Need for Mental Health Services in Substance Abuse Clients

Objective: Counselor detection of co-occurring disorders is critical to ensuring that clients with mental disorders entering substance abuse treatment receive appropriate care. This study sought to (a) examine correspondence between client-reported psychiatric symptoms and client and counselor ratings of need for mental health treatment and (b) explore client- and program-level characteristics associated with client and counselor underrating. Methods: Psychiatric symptoms and client and counselor ratings of need for mental health services were collected using the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) among 3,972 clients entering outpatient substance abuse treatment at 30 treatment programs across the U.S. Kappa statistics were used to determine level of agreement between client-reported symptoms and client and counselor ratings of need for mental health treatment. Multilevel modeling was used to examine characteristics associated with underrating. Results: While agreement between symptoms and ratings of need for mental health treatment was fairly high (kappas = .62–.73), there was a substantial amount of underrating. Approximately 54% (n = 2,128) of clients had at least some psychiatric problems based on symptoms reported in the ASI, and 30% (n = 630) of these clients underrated their need for mental health services. Counselors also underrated need for mental health services in 32% (n = 691) of clients who reported psychiatric problems, even though 36% of them (250 of 691) indicated that obtaining treatment for mental health problems was important to them. Two factors emerged from the multivariate model for both client and counselor underrating of need for mental health services. Clients with psychiatric problems and a drug disorder were more likely than clients without a drug disorder (OR = 1.30, p < .05) to underrate their need for mental health services (as were counselors), and clients with psychiatric problems who were assessed at programs that were licensed by an outside agency were less likely (OR = 0.59, p < .01) to underrate their need for mental health services (as were counselors). Conclusions: Many clients entering substance abuse treatment also need mental health services, but this need may go unrecognized. It is imperative that counselors receive the training, supervision, and support necessary to appropriately identify mental disorders and help their clients access needed care.
Domain Specific Named Entity Recognition Referring to the Real World by Deep Neural Networks

In this paper, we propose a method for referring to the real world to improve named entity recognition (NER) specialized for a domain. Our method adds a stacked autoencoder to a text-based deep neural network for NER. We first train the stacked auto-encoder only from the real world information, then the entire deep neural network from sentences annotated with NEs and accompanied by real world information. In our experiments, we took Japanese chess as the example. The dataset consists of pairs of a game state and commentary sentences about it annotated with gamespecific NE tags. We conducted NER experiments and showed that referring to the real world improves the NER accuracy.
Measures of success for lone‐user management support systems

Abstract. Management support sytems (MSS) are systems that involve the use of information technologies to support management lone‐user MSS are such systems used by managers acting alone, whether the systems have been developed for an individual's exclusive use or for more than one user. Information systems research has been hampered by the lack of widely agreed measures of success. There are two main reasons for this. First, there has been a lack of rigour in the presentation of research findings, particularly in the definition of the types of system that have been investigated. This is particularly the case with MSS. Second, there is often no direct way of determining the effect of an MSS on the goals of an organization in the midst of many other concurrent factors. A classification of lone‐user MSS is first given. The many, often indirect, measures of success that have been suggested are then charted. These are then incorporated into a hierarchical framework of organizational goals and intra‐MSS measures. Finally, appropriate measures of success to use with the two major classes of MSS are suggested.
Haplotype information and linkage disequilibrium mapping for single nucleotide polymorphisms.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human genome have become an increasingly popular topic in that their analyses promise to be a key step toward personalized medicine. We investigate two related questions, how much the haplotype information contributes to linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping and whether an in silico haplotype construction preceding the LD analysis can help. For disease gene mapping, using both simulated and real data sets on cystic fibrosis and the Alzheimer disease, we reached the following conclusions: (1) for simple Mendelian diseases, in which case a tractable full statistical model can be developed, the loss of haplotype information for either control or disease data do not have a great impact on LD fine mapping, and haplotype inference should be carried out jointly with LD mapping; (2) for complex diseases, inferring haplotype phases for individuals prior to LD mapping helps achieve a better accuracy. An improved version of the linkage disequilibrium mapping program, BLADE v2, is available at http://www.fas. harvard.edu/junliu/TechRept/03folder/bladev2.tgz.
Genetic Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Elite Controllers: Lack of Gross Genetic Defects or Common Amino Acid Changes

ABSTRACT Despite reports of viral genetic defects in persons who control human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the absence of antiviral therapy, the extent to which such defects contribute to the long-term containment of viremia is not known. Most previous studies examining for such defects have involved small numbers of subjects, primarily focused on subjects expressing HLA-B57, or have examined single viral genes, and they have focused on cellular proviral DNA rather than plasma viral RNA sequences. Here, we attempted viral sequencing from 95 HIV-1 elite controllers (EC) who maintained plasma viral loads of <50 RNA copies/ml in the absence of therapy, the majority of whom did not express HLA-B57. HIV-1 gene fragments were obtained from 94% (89/95) of the EC, and plasma viral sequences were obtained from 78% (61/78), the latter indicating the presence of replicating virus in the majority of EC. Of 63 persons for whom nef was sequenced, only three cases of nef deletions were identified, and gross genetic defects were rarely observed in other HIV-1 coding genes. In a codon-by-codon comparison between EC and persons with progressive infection, correcting for HLA bias and coevolving secondary mutations, a significant difference was observed at only three codons in Gag, all three of which represented the historic population consensus amino acid at the time of infection. These results indicate that the spontaneous control of HIV replication is not attributable to shared viral genetic defects or shared viral polymorphisms.
Art Therapy. Prevention Against the Development of Depression

Depression er blevet et stort problem i Vesten og starter ofte med en darlig livskvalitet, som kan fore til depression hvis der ikke tilbydes (effektiv) behandling i tide. Malet i dette forskningsprojekt har vaeret at fokusere pa kunstterapi som en metode til at udforske det indre liv som en forebyggelse imod depression og at adressere muligheden for at kunstterapi kan bruges som en metode der kan anvendes i den indledende fase nar et menneske forst begynder at vaere opmaerksom pa en utilfredshed i tilvaerelsen. Forventningen er, at kunstterapi kan bruges til at forebygge en sadan udvikling ved i stedet at bruge den darlige livskvalitet som en motivation til en personlig udviklingsproces.
Enzymatic Antioxidant Responses of Plants in Saline Anthropogenic Environments

Plants under natural conditions are frequently exposed to combined stressors including drought stress and desiccation, salt stress, chilling, heat shock, heavy metals, ultraviolet, radiation, air pollutants such as ozone and SO2, mechanical stress, nutrient deprivation, pathogen attack and high light stress [1]. A common result of most abiotic and biotic stresses is an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which frequently result in oxidative stress [2], [3]. The production of ROS results from pathways such as photorespiration, from the photosynthetic apparatus and from mitochondrial respiration [1].
Athletic “ Womanhood ” : Exploring Sources for Female Sport in Victorian and Edwardian England

In her 1984 review essay on the scholarship of American women’s sport history, Nancy Struna notes that we still know relatively little about what sportswomen actually did. She proceeds to argue that if we are to push back the boundaries of our knowledge we must seek out fresh source material. These comments are equally applicable to the scholarship on the history of British women’s sport. Research by several scholars illustrates how educators, the medical profession, and various social commentators of the nineteenth century viewed the issue of women and sport, and, thanks to the excellent work of Kathleen McCrone, there exists a very clear picture of developments within private schools and women’s colleges in Victorian and Edwardian England.
A measure of restorative quality in environments

Restorative environments help renew psychological resources depleted in environments that do not fully support intended functions. The design of restorative environments can be aided and underlying theory elaborated with a means for measuring psychological factors thought to work in restorative experiences. This paper reports on four studies carried out to develop such a measure, the Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS). Each study employed several strategies for assessing reliability and validity. Factor analysis was used to examine the stability of the measure's factor structure across different sites and studies. To assess criterion, convergent, and discriminant validities, measures of emotional states and other environmental qualities were also completed for each site. The sites selected for evaluation differed on theoretically relevant dimensions (natural‐urban; outdoor‐indoor), enabling checks on the PRS's sensitivity to meaningful differences among environments. The results were consistent across .
When Reports Depress Rather Than Inspire: A Field Experiment Using Age Cohorts as Reference Groups

A large field experiment sent mail to randomly selected low–turnout propensity, young Latino voters in Colorado during the 2008 presidential election. One treatment reported that 90% of young Latinos intended to vote in the election. A second treatment added the fact that only 20% of young Latinos actually voted in 2006. A third treatment provided the additional fact that 40% of older Latinos voted in 2006. Compared to the control group, the treatment reporting low levels of prior turnout decreased participation in the 2008 election. This unintended consequence of the campaign provides evidence of the effectiveness of descriptive social norms for purposes of electoral mobilization.
A Network Analogue Method for Computing the TEM Characteristics of Planar Transmission Lines

A network analogue method for calculation of the capacitance matrix of certain two-dimensional multiconductor systems is presented. The system is contained in a finite or infinite conducting rectangular boundary. An arbitrary number of parallel dielectric layers can be present, and the conductors consist of an arbitrary number of conducting strips at one or more of the dielectric interfaces. The strips are assumed to have zero thickness.
The effect of parental gender on the GAA dynamic mutation in the FRDA gene.

Within a cooperative study, we recently isolated the defective gene (X25) causing Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder. X25 encodes a 210-amino acid protein, frataxin, whose function is unknown. Frataxin mRNA levels are reduced in FRDA patients. The most frequent mutation is the expansion of a (GAA){sub n} trinucleotide repeat in the first X25 intron. Normal chromosomes contain 8-22 copies of the triplet, whereas FRDA chromosomes contain >200 copies. In addition, we described few patients with point mutations. The expansion of trinucleotide repeats has been previously demonstrated to be the mutational mechanism associated with eight human diseases. Trinucleotide repeats occur both in coding and noncoding regions of the gene. Although trinucleotide repeats in the normal size range are relatively stable, expanded repeats are highly variable when transmitted from one generation to the next. For the eight previously described diseases, meiotic instability is generally associated with a mutational bias toward an increase in repeat number. Here, we analyze intergenerational variability in FRDA chromosomes in parent-carrier child pairs. In addition, we studied the stability of FRDA expanded alleles in male gametogenesis, directly analyzing male germ cells. 9 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
Use of artificial sweeteners to promote alcohol consumption by rats

Summary Cirrhosis may be reliably produced in rats by exposing them intermittently to low levels of carbon tetrachloride vapour while feeding alcohol in the Lieber‐DeCarli liquid diet. Providing the alcohol in drinking water that has been sweetened with sucrose is a cheaper and more convenient method but it does not yield reliable results. This study aimed to determine whether alcohol in drinking water sweetened with artificial sweeteners would give adequate alcohol intake to achieve the desired hepatic effects. Rats were fed alcohol (8% v/v) in drinking water sweetened with sucrose (5% w/v) (n = 12), or with one of the artificial sweeteners aspartame (0.025%), saccharin (0.025%) or cyclamate (0.05%) (n = 8 per agent). During the alcohol treatment the animals were exposed to carbon tetrachloride vapour, 40 ppm, six hours per night for five nights per week, over a period of 14 weeks. All groups achieved good alcohol intakes of 5–6 g/kg/day. Only one rat, in the aspartame group, became cirrhotic; all the others had varying degrees of fibrosis which did not differ significantly among the treatments. Although it was not effective in reliably achieving cirrhosis, sweetening the alcohol solution with artificial sweeteners led to reasonable alcohol intakes with resultant hepatic fibrosis, and without the high carbohydrate intake which occurs when sucrose is used.
Fundamental Questions in Personality †

The network perspective represents a novel contribution to personality theory by conceptualising personality traits as emerging from the mutual dependencies between fundamental and causal affective, behavioural, and cognitive components. We argue that incorporating a more nuanced biological and developmental perspective to causality and a more precise approach to affective, behavioural, cognitive and motivational components may serve to enrich the network perspective. Although the graphical approach to modelling personality is aesthetically pleasing, analytic techniques are not yet available to put network models to the (quantitative) test. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on the capital operating performance and efficiency of Chinese cross-listed firms

We study the capital operating performance and efficiency of Chinese firms after cross-listed. We find that the advantages of market environments and institutions will improve the capital operating performance and efficiency of Chinese cross-listed firms, therefore protect the investor's interests and improve the corporate governance of cross-listed firms. We also find that: for those Chinese cross-listed firms which need not comply with overseas related laws, regulations, institutions and listing guidelines, not only their capital operating performance and efficiency are lower than those of Chinese cross-listed firms which comply but also their capital operating efficiency is lower than that of Chinese non-cross-listed counterparts. Also, their capital operating performance isn't higher than that of Chinese non-cross-listed counterparts. Therefore, if Chinese firms are preparing for an overseas cross-listed, they should cross-list in those overseas securities markets with more market environment and institution advantage, complying with the laws, regulations, institutions and guidelines in overseas markets. Only in this way it would be helpful to improve the capital operating performance and efficiency and the corporate governance.
Dynamic Land-Use Map Based on Twitter Data

Location-based social media allows people to communicate and share information on a popular landmark. With millions of data records generated, it provides new knowledge about a city. The identification of land use intends to uncover accurate positions for future urban development planning. The purpose of this research is to investigate the use of social networking check-in data as a source of information to characterize dynamic urban land use. The data from this study were obtained from the social media application i.e., Twitter. Three kinds of data that are prioritized in this research are check-ins (specific location), timestamps, and a user’s status text or post activities. In this study, we propose a grid-based aggregation method to divide the urban area. Two different approaches are compared—rank and clustering methods to group the place’s activities. Then we utilize time distribution frequency to attain the land-use function. In this case, Makassar City, Indonesia, has been selected as the case study. An analysis shows that the check-in activity and the method we proposed can be used to group the actual land-use types.
Mitigate the Impact of CFO Phenomena for an MC-CDMA System over the Short-term Fading by Applying Multi-dimension Combining Receiver

Based on the scenario assumed that the CFO (carrier frequency offset), which is caused by the ICI (inter-carrier interference), exists in the environments of short-term fading, a multi-dimension combining (M-D combining) receiver for an MC-CDMA (multi-carrier coded-division multiple-access) system is designed and proposed considerably to overcome the system performance degradation. It is worthwhile claiming that is not only the fading parameter of the correlated-fading model dominates the system performance of an MC-CDMA system, but the number of antenna with the M-D combining receiver also definitely affects the system performance.
Design for human interaction: communication as a special case of misunderstanding

In order to engineer effective and usable interactive computing systems we need to consider not just the human-system interface but the human-human interface. The success of many technologies depends not just on how easy they are to understand and operate but also on how effectively they integrate with the wider ecology of our interactions with others. This point has been made especially clearly by ethnomethodological studies of the use of technology in workplace contexts (e.g. Heath and Luff, 2000). It also helps to explain why, for example, the evolution of video and music technology has been driven as much by ease of sharing as it has been by image or audio quality and why some technologies, such as SMS messaging succeed despite having a poor human-system interface. As Kang (2000) succinctly put it "The killer application of the internet is other people" (p. 1150, cited in Bargh and McKenna 2004). If technology acts, by accident or by design, as an interface between people then we might try to generalise human-system approaches to design by treating them as the basic building blocks of the larger human-system-human interface. This talk will argue, however, that this kind of 'scaling-up' approach is insufficient. In particular, the generalization of human-system models to contexts which involve multiple participants leads us to ignore some critical processes that underpin the effectiveness of human-human interaction. More specifically, a focus on the cognitive, behavioural or communicative capabilities of individual human beings does not provide an adequate understanding of how different people co-ordinate their understanding of what they are doing through communication. This line of argument suggests that in addition to understanding the broader social context of interactive systems we can also benefit from focusing on the specific low level mechanisms that underpin human interaction. The recurrent need to co-ordinate understanding amongst multiple participants, across a variety of contexts, highlights the importance of the processes by which people collaborate to detect and recover from misunderstandings using whatever resources are to hand (Sacks, Schegloff, and Jefferson, 1974; Clark 1996, Healey, 2008). This approach can feed into the design of interactive systems in a number of ways. It moves our understanding of human interaction beyond 'informational bandwith' and 'psychological bandwidth' approaches. It brings into focus co-ordination processes that are often impeded even by tools that are specifically designed to support human communication. This can provide new ideas for design, a diagnostic process for requirements gathering and formative analysis and comparative metrics for assessing how a technology impacts on the success of communication (Healey, Colman and Thirlwell, 2005).
Recognizing Daily and Sports Activities in Two Open Source Machine Learning Environments Using Body-Worn Sensor Units

This study provides a comparative assessment on the different techniques of classifying human activities performed while wearing inertial and magnetic sensor units on the chest, arms and legs. The gyroscope, accelerometer and the magnetometer in each unit are tri-axial. Naive Bayesian classifier, artificial neural networks (ANNs), dissimilarity-based classifier, three types of decision trees, Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) and support vector machines (SVMs) are considered.A feature set extracted from the raw sensor data using principal component analysis is used for classification. Three different cross-validation techniques are employed to validate the classifiers. A performance comparison of the classifiers is provided in terms of their correct differentiation rates, confusion matrices and computational cost. The highest correct differentiation rates are achieved with ANNs (99.2%), SVMs (99.2%) and a GMM (99.1%). GMMs may be preferable because of their lower computational requirements. Regarding the position of sensor units on the body, those worn on the legs are the most informative. Comparing the different sensor modalities indicates that if only a single sensor type is used, the highest classification rates are achieved with magnetometers, followed by accelerometers and gyroscopes. The study also provides a comparison between two commonly used open source machine learning environments (WEKA and PRTools) in terms of their functionality, manageability, classifier performance and execution times.
Pharmakologische Möglichkeiten der Rückfallprophylaxe bei Nikotinabhängigkeit

Zusammenfassung Die Nikotinersatztherapie (Pflaster, Kaugummi oder Spray) hat einen wichtigen Stellenwert in der Behandlung der Nikotinsucht. Die damit erzielten Abstinenzquoten nach sechs bis zwölf Monaten schwanken je nach Darreichungsform zwischen 5 und 25%. Die Wirksamkeit dieser Verfahren beruht auf einer Reduktion von Entzugserscheinungen durch Stimulation der nikotinischen ACh-Rezeptoren. Als erste nicht-nikotinhaltige Substanz erhielt Bupropion SR (»slow release«) die Zulassung zur Raucherentwöhnung. In einer kontrollierten Studie waren ein Jahr nach Therapieende mit diesem selektiven Dopamin- und Noradrenalin-Wiederaufnahmehemmer noch 30% der Patienten abstinent. Somit stehen nun mehrere viel versprechende Ansätze zur Rückfallprophylaxe bei Nikotinabhängigkeit zur Verfügung.