Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Note on Higher Dimensional Instantons and Supersymmetric Cycles

We discuss instantons in dimensions higher than four. A generalized self-dual or antiself-dual instanton equation in n-dimensions can be defined in terms of a closed (n�4) form Ω and it was recently employed as a topological gauge fixing condition in higher dimensional generalizations of cohomological Yang-Mills theory. When Ω is a calibration which is naturally introduced on the manifold of special holonomy, we argue that higher dimensional instanton may be locally characterized as a family of four dimensional instantons over a supersymmetric (n � 4) cycle Σ with respect to the calibration Ω. This is an instanton configuration on the total space of the normal bundle N(Σ) of the submanifold Σ and regarded as a natural generalization of point-like instanton in four dimensions that plays a distinguished role in a compactification of instanton moduli space.
New insights into replication origin characteristics in metazoans

We recently reported the identification and characterization of DNA replication origins (Oris) in metazoan cell lines. Here, we describe additional bioinformatic analyses showing that the previously identified GC-rich sequence elements form origin G-rich repeated elements (OGREs) that are present in 67% to 90% of the DNA replication origins from Drosophila to human cells, respectively. Our analyses also show that initiation of DNA synthesis takes place precisely at 160 bp (Drosophila) and 280 bp (mouse) from the OGRE. We also found that in most CpG islands, an OGRE is positioned in opposite orientation on each of the two DNA strands and detected two sites of initiation of DNA synthesis upstream or downstream of each OGRE. Conversely, Oris not associated with CpG islands have a single initiation site. OGRE density along chromosomes correlated with previously published replication timing data. Ori sequences centered on the OGRE are also predicted to have high intrinsic nucleosome occupancy. Finally, OGREs predict G-quadruplex structures at Oris that might be structural elements controlling the choice or activation of replication origins.
Inhibition of PPARα Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis, and Synergizes with Glycolysis Inhibition in Kidney Cancer Cells

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the sixth most common cancer in the US. While RCC is highly metastatic, there are few therapeutics options available for patients with metastatic RCC, and progression-free survival of patients even with the newest targeted therapeutics is only up to two years. Thus, novel therapeutic targets for this disease are desperately needed. Based on our previous metabolomics studies showing alteration of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) related events in both RCC patient and xenograft mice materials, this pathway was further examined in the current study in the setting of RCC. PPARα is a nuclear receptor protein that functions as a transcription factor for genes including those encoding enzymes involved in energy metabolism; while PPARα has been reported to regulate tumor growth in several cancers, it has not been evaluated in RCC. A specific PPARα antagonist, GW6471, induced both apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 in VHL(+) and VHL(−) RCC cell lines (786-O and Caki-1) associated with attenuation of the cell cycle regulatory proteins c-Myc, Cyclin D1, and CDK4; this data was confirmed as specific to PPARα antagonism by siRNA methods. Interestingly, when glycolysis was blocked by several methods, the cytotoxicity of GW6471 was synergistically increased, suggesting a switch to fatty acid oxidation from glycolysis and providing an entirely novel therapeutic approach for RCC.
Propositional Proof Complexity: Past, Present and Future

area of study that is fundamentally onne ted both to major open questions of omputational omplexity theory and to pra ti al properties of automated theorem provers. In the last de ade, there have been a number of signi ant advan es in proof omplexity lower bounds. Moreover, new onne tions between proof omplexity and ir uit omplexity have been un overed, and the interplay between these two areas has be ome quite ri h. In addition, attempts to extend existing lower bounds to ever stronger systems of proof have spurred the introdu tion of new and interesting proof systems, adding both to the pra ti al aspe ts of proof omplexity as well as to a ri h theory. This note attempts to survey these developments and to lay out some of the open problems in the area.
Delay discounting and the alcohol Stroop in heavy drinking adolescents.

AIMS To investigate whether adolescent heavy drinkers exhibit biased cognitive processing of alcohol-related cues and impulsive decision making. DESIGN A between-subjects design was employed. SETTING Classrooms in a single sixth-form college in Merseyside, UK. PARTICIPANTS Ninety adolescent students (mean age 16.83 years), of whom 38% were identified as heavy drinkers and 36% were identified as light drinkers, based on a tertile split of their weekly alcohol consumption. MEASUREMENTS Participants provided information about alcohol consumption before completing measures of alcohol craving, delay discounting and an "alcohol Stroop" in which they were required to name the colour in which alcohol-related and matched control words were printed. FINDINGS Compared to light drinkers, heavy drinkers showed more pronounced discounting of delayed hypothetical monetary and alcohol rewards, which is indicative of a more short-term focus in decision making in heavy drinkers. Heavy drinkers were also slower to colour-name alcohol-related words, which indicates an attentional bias for alcohol-related cues. In all participants, measures of delay discounting and attentional bias were correlated moderately with each other, and also with the level of alcohol consumption and with alcohol craving. CONCLUSIONS In adolescents, heavy alcohol use is associated with biased attentional processing of alcohol-related cues and a shorter-term focus in decision making.
Appling real time RT-PCR for bluetongue virus detection in Iran

During 2009-10, real time RT-PCR and conventional RT-PCR techniques Used for detecting BTVs RNA in 310 blood samples. For real time and gel based RT-PCR segment-1 and segment-10 selected as conserve genes to search any BTV strains. Using these methods, 58 (%18.7) and 14 (%4.5) positive samples were detected among the clinically suspected sheep. Sensitivity of both molecular techniques evaluated by log-10 serial dilutions of BTV16 RNA, and determined 101.8 and 103.8 TCID50/ml in rRT-PCR and conventional RT-PCR respectively. This report confirmed rRT-PCR assay could detect weak BTV positive samples even at end stage of infection. In this study Virus isolation from selected positive samples failed by inoculation to embryonated chicken egg, Vero and KC cell.
Dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities of Ni II and parameters of an effective potential for Ni I Rydberg states

The relativistic configuration interaction method has been used to evaluate the bound and continuum portions of summation expressions for the dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities, yielding the Ni II results αD,0 = 7.686 au for 3d9 2D3/2 and αQ,0 = 61.940 au for 3d9 2D5/2. The experimental value for the latter is estimated to be 55(8) au. From the reduced matrix elements, we have evaluated the first non-adiabatic scalar dipole polarizability βD,0 for 2D5/2 to be 9.243 au (experimental estimate is 8.9 (1.2)) and the off-diagonal tensor dipole polarizability αD,2 to be = −0.220 au (experimental estimate is −0.04 au). Significant cancellations occur in this last quantity (see text).
A comparison of spectral estimators for real data

Spectral estimation of real data can be performed by a number of algorithms. This paper compares four methods of estimation. The comparisons are based on three examples which are evaluated in terms of the quality of the estimate, the complexity of the algorithm, and the noise immunity of the estimate. The four estimators are the well-known periodogram, Burg's maximum entropy (AR modelling) method, and two autoregressive-moving average (ARMA) models that have been developed recently here at the University of Colorado [1,2]. The examples chosen contain a smooth spectrum, a spectrum with "high peaks" and "deep valleys", and two sinusoids in white noise. Our results indicate that the ARMA methods are superior in a majority of cases.
Decision support for test management in iterative and evolutionary development

Testing resources and time are usually limited, especially by schedules for market-driven products and in fast-paced software development projects. In this paper the author presents his PhD proposal about a framework to support rapid and informed decision-making for test management in the context of iterative and evolutionary development. The objective is to continually focus testing on the value it provides for the project and, thus, enable effective and efficient testing even under uncertainty and schedule pressure
Situational Awareness for Low Resource Languages: the LORELEI Situation Frame Annotation Task

The objective of the LORELEI Situation Frame task is to aggregate information from multiple data streams – including social media – into a comprehensive, actionable understanding of the basic facts needed to mount a response to an emerging situation. Rather than evaluating these capabilities in English, LORELEI is particularly concerned with advancing human language technology performance for low resource languages. The combination of domain, genre and language requirements make creation of linguistic resources for LORELEI in general, and the Situation Frame task in particular, especially challenging. Data is by definition relatively scarce for these languages, and real operational data may be impossible to come by, necessitating the use of “proxy” data sources. The annotation task itself, while superficially straightforward, requires navigating many difficult decisions involving the use of inference and the presence of widespread ambiguity and under-specification in the source data. We introduce the Situation Frame annotation task in the context of the goals of the larger LORELEI program, explore some of the most prevalent annotation challenges, and discuss the impact of various data types on annotation consistency. The data described in this paper will be made available to the wider research community after its use in LORELEI program evaluations.
Genetic and functional analysis of the phosphorylcholine moiety of commensal Neisseria lipopolysaccharide

Phosphorylcholine (ChoP) is a common surface feature of many mucosal organisms, including Neisseria spp. , in which it is present exclusively on pili of pathogenic Neisseria and on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of commensal Neisseria (Cn). Its presence in Cn has been confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance. It appears that choline is the main source for the production of ChoP by Cn. We have sequenced a locus, containing four genes (licA–D) with 47–73% identity to the lic1 locus of Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) and 21–40% identity to lic genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae, involved in the production and incorporation of ChoP. The arrangement of the Cn genes and the presence of CAAT repeats, responsible for phase variation of ChoP expression, resemble Hi and differ from S. pneumoniae. Cn DNA flanking the lic locus contains genes ilvE and NMA2149 with >85% identity to the pathogenic Neisseria genes. However, there are no lic genes in the corresponding location or elsewhere in pathogenic Neisseria. This suggests either the loss of the locus from pathogenic Neisseria or a horizontal transfer of genes to Cn, perhaps from H. influenzae spp. As in Hi, ChoP enhances adherence to and invasion of human epithelial cells via the receptor for platelet‐activating factor. However, ChoP expression also increases susceptibility to serum killing mediated by complement and C‐reactive protein. Taken together, these observations support the hypothesis that the ability of many organisms to switch off ChoP expression rapidly represents an important adaptation to dif‐ferent environments encountered during the colonization/infection process and that the ChoP moiety apparently synthesized by distinct means in pathogenic and commensal Neisseria represents an advantage in the colonization properties of these bacteria.
LEGClust—A Clustering Algorithm Based on Layered Entropic Subgraphs

Hierarchical clustering is a stepwise clustering method usually based on proximity measures between objects or sets of objects from a given data set. The most common proximity measures are distance measures. The derived proximity matrices can be used to build graphs, which provide the basic structure for some clustering methods. We present here a new proximity matrix based on an entropic measure and also a clustering algorithm (LEGCIust) that builds layers of subgraphs based on this matrix and uses them and a hierarchical agglomerative clustering technique to form the clusters. Our approach capitalizes on both a graph structure and a hierarchical construction. Moreover, by using entropy as a proximity measure, we are able, with no assumption about the cluster shapes, to capture the local structure of the data, forcing the clustering method to reflect this structure. We present several experiments on artificial and real data sets that provide evidence on the superior performance of this new algorithm when compared with competing ones.
Semisupervised, Multilabel, Multi-Instance Learning for Structured Data

Many classification tasks require both labeling objects and determining label associations for parts of each object. Example applications include labeling segments of images or determining relevant parts of a text document when the training labels are available only at the image or document level. This task is usually referred to as multi-instance (MI) learning, where the learner typically receives a collection of labeled (or sometimes unlabeled) bags, each containing several segments (instances). We propose a semisupervised MI learning method for multilabel classification. Most MI learning methods treat instances in each bag as independent and identically distributed samples. However, in many practical applications, instances are related to each other and should not be considered independent. Our model discovers a latent low-dimensional space that captures structure within each bag. Further, unlike many other MI learning methods, which are primarily developed for binary classification, we model multiple classes jointly, thus also capturing possible dependencies between different classes. We develop our model within a semisupervised framework, which leverages both labeled and, typically, a larger set of unlabeled bags for training. We develop several efficient inference methods for our model. We first introduce a Markov chain Monte Carlo method for inference, which can handle arbitrary relations between bag labels and instance labels, including the standard hard-max MI assumption. We also develop an extension of our model that uses stochastic variational Bayes methods for inference, and thus scales better to massive data sets. Experiments show that our approach outperforms several MI learning and standard classification methods on both bag-level and instance-level label prediction. All code for replicating our experiments is available from https://github.com/hsoleimani/MLTM.
Rotating black holes at future colliders. III. Determination of black hole evolution

TeV scale gravity scenario predicts that the black hole production dominates over all other interactions above the scale and that the Large Hadron Collider will be a black hole factory. Such higher-dimensional black holes mainly decay into the standard model fields via the Hawking radiation whose spectrum can be computed from the greybody factor. Here we complete the series of our work by showing the greybody factors and the resultant spectra for the brane-localized spinor and vector field emissions for arbitrary frequencies. Combining these results with the previous works, we determine the complete radiation spectra and the subsequent time evolution of the black hole. We find that, for a typical event, well more than half a black hole mass is emitted when the hole is still highly rotating, confirming our previous claim that it is important to take into account the angular momentum of black holes.
On the Application of Experimental Results in Dynamic Graph Drawing

A number of experiments have looked at various factors when visualizing dynamic graphs. Animation, small multiples, drawing stability (also known as the mental map) have been investigated. In this paper, we examine these results from the perspective of presentation method— mainly animation and small multiples. We also present findings of recent empirical studies on drawing stability and how these results interact with these presentations methods. Finally, we discuss the challenges of applying these results in various application areas.
Ancestral Genomes, Sex, and the Population Structure of Trypanosoma cruzi

Acquisition of detailed knowledge of the structure and evolution of Trypanosoma cruzi populations is essential for control of Chagas disease. We profiled 75 strains of the parasite with five nuclear microsatellite loci, 24Sα RNA genes, and sequence polymorphisms in the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene. We also used sequences available in GenBank for the mitochondrial genes cytochrome B and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1. A multidimensional scaling plot (MDS) based in microsatellite data divided the parasites into four clusters corresponding to T. cruzi I (MDS-cluster A), T. cruzi II (MDS-cluster C), a third group of T. cruzi strains (MDS-cluster B), and hybrid strains (MDS-cluster BH). The first two clusters matched respectively mitochondrial clades A and C, while the other two belonged to mitochondrial clade B. The 24Sα rDNA and microsatellite profiling data were combined into multilocus genotypes that were analyzed by the haplotype reconstruction program PHASE. We identified 141 haplotypes that were clearly distributed into three haplogroups (X, Y, and Z). All strains belonging to T. cruzi I (MDS-cluster A) were Z/Z, the T. cruzi II strains (MDS-cluster C) were Y/Y, and those belonging to MDS-cluster B (unclassified T. cruzi) had X/X haplogroup genotypes. The strains grouped in the MDS-cluster BH were X/Y, confirming their hybrid character. Based on these results we propose the following minimal scenario for T. cruzi evolution. In a distant past there were at a minimum three ancestral lineages that we may call, respectively, T. cruzi I, T. cruzi II, and T. cruzi III. At least two hybridization events involving T. cruzi II and T. cruzi III produced evolutionarily viable progeny. In both events, the mitochondrial recipient (as identified by the mitochondrial clade of the hybrid strains) was T. cruzi II and the mitochondrial donor was T. cruzi III.
Screening for autism in toddlers: A follow-up study

The present study follows children who were originally screened for an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) as toddlers through a large community-based pediatric practice. We evaluated the children after their 3 rd birthday to examine their diagnostic course and clinical presentation. Of the 796 families screened at Time 1, 51 families were eligible for an in-person screening based on questionnaire results; 30 chose to participate. All 51 families were recontacted and asked to participate in a follow-up evaluation (Time 2). Twenty-four families participated in a 3-hour diagnostic assessment including cognitive and adaptive testing and parent interviews. Overall accuracy (Positive Predictive Values; PPV) of the study was calculated and group cognitive and adaptive profiles were examined. The PPV for the screening process as a whole was 0.90 for ASD (9 of 10 children were correctly identified as Early Autism; EAD). PPV from questionnaire scores alone (i.e., positive screen scores on either the Modified Checklist for Autism and Toddlers; M-CHAT or Infant Toddler Checklist; ITC) would have been 0.06 (9/145), and PPV from the phone-follow-up would have been 0.43 (9/24). The ASD group demonstrated lower scores on the nonverbal domains of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning and on the Socialization domain of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Our results suggest that a systematic screening process in a large, community-based pediatric practice accurately identified toddlers who would go on to meet Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria for Autistic
Análisis psicosocial de las tipologías de vinculación política de Dalton en la Argentina post 2001

The main purpose of the research is to compare the variables political knowledge, sense of political efficacy (internal and external) and political confidence among the following type of citizen: apolitical, apartisans, ritual partisans and cognitive partisans, Dalton�s typology of political mobilization. Furthermore, the article presents a comparison with a similar research carried out in 1997. The obtained results allow affirming that psychosocial variables have a good discriminatory power of the different dimensions that characterize political articulation in relation to Dalton�s typology.
Optimal scheduling method of controllable loads in smart house considering forecast error

From the perspective of global warming suppression and depletion of energy resources, renewable energies, such as the solar collector (SC) and photovoltaic generation (PV), are getting attention in distribution systems. Houses with PV and heat pump (HP) systems are also gaining wide use recently in residential areas recently because of using time-of-use electricity pricing. Thus, optimal scheduling of the distributed energy resources (DER) is required to reduces the operational cost for the consumers, however DERs of then deviate from forecast data. Hence, optimal scheduling of these appliances may not be achieved due to uncertainty of the weather. In this paper, we propose an optimal scheduling method of controllable loads considering forecast error in the smart house, where HP, fixed battery and EV systems are used as controllable loads. The scenario based approach is applied in roder to solve the optimization problem involving the uncertainty. Furthermore, a novel electricity pricing system is also suggested in this paper. In order to confirm the proposed method is useful, and in to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system, MATLAB® is used for simulations.