Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Three-Dimensional Guidance for Impact Time and Angle Control With Field-of-View Constraint

This article presents a nonlinear 3-D guidance law for homing missiles with a field-of-view (FOV) constraint to achieve impact time and angle control against a stationary target. Specifically, a guidance error vector and its nonlinear error dynamics are first developed. The desired impact time and angle can be satisfied as long as the guidance error converges to zero before the interception. The proposed nonlinear error dynamics is then enhanced with an auxiliary function to address the FOV constraint, and the prescribed-time control technique is employed to obtain a feedback guidance law. The guidance framework in this article is rigorously derived under the original 3-D missile–target kinematics model, without decoupling the engagement geometry into two mutually orthogonal planes. Furthermore, different from the existing similar studies, the proposed guidance law does not require explicit time-to-go estimation and numerical iterations, which avoids estimation error and allows for convenient implementation.
Research on the Service Condition Monitoring Method of Rolling Bearings Based on Isomorphic Data Fusion

In order to solve the problem that it is difficult for a single sensor to accurately characterize the running state of rotating bearings under complex working conditions, this paper proposes a data-level fusion method based on multi-source isomorphic sensors to monitor spindle bearings. First, new vibration signals in the X,Y,Z direction were obtained through the process of decomposing, de-noise, and reconstructing. Second, the PCA algorithm was used to select the time-domain and frequency-domain features of the vibration signals, construct the feature matrix, and perform dimensionality reduction in the feature matrix. Finally, the entropy weight method was introduced to obtain the initial weights of the three directions as the inputs of the adaptive function. The chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm proposed in this paper helps particles jump out of the local optimum. Chaotic mapping is used to initialize the velocity and position of the particles, which calculates globally optimal weights in three directions. In order to extract bearing signal features more accurately and efficiently, a DenseNet and Transformer (DAT) feature extraction model is proposed to deal with the complex changes and noise interference of bearing signals. Through the open data set of Jiangnan University and the data collected by our own experimental platform, the maximum accuracy of the DAT model was verified to be 100%.
Use of IKONOS satellite data to identify informal settlements in Dehradun, India

This research highlights the potential of IKONOS satellite data to identify the temporary structures in a part of Dehradun, India. Houses with plastic roof covers reveal dark grey tone in merged IKONOS product, which helps to extract information about the people living below poverty line. Extent of these areas can be quantified using classification technique successfully. Mixing of shadow pixels with temporary structures poses limitation and need further research.
Protocol for a quasi-experimental study to ascertain the effectiveness of using eKnee School approach to impart self-care education to patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis during COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients seek improvement in their quality of life by attaining independence in activities of daily living. Literature recommends nonpharmacological intervention as first-line treatment for KOA. The study aims to ascertain the effectiveness of online supervised nonpharmacological intervention sessions of virtual knee school (eKS) training among mild and moderate KOA patients in comparison to routine care during COVID-19 pandemic and assessment of cost-effectiveness of eKS against the routine care for KOA patients during COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A quasi-experimental pre-post with control group, enrolling 50 participants each in two groups: usual/routine KOA care or usual care plus KS interventions via virtual mode. Our primary outcome measures are pain, quality of life, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Secondary outcomes include performance-based tests (30-second chair test, timed up and go test, 6-minute walk test) and patient satisfaction. Intervention fidelity will be assessed with a priori checklist tailored to eKS assessing adherence, dose, quality, and user engagement in the key components. Quantitative data collection will be conducted at baseline and 6 months. Descriptive data analysis will be carried for quantitative data. For qualitative data, the thematic analysis will be performed; we propose to undertake a deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis to address the issue of uncertainty in the present cost-effectiveness analysis model. CONCLUSION: The management of KOA through virtual mode emphasizes the concepts of patient-as-person, family-centered, with socially interactive approach. The study will provide information on the effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions for improving the quality of life of patients suffering from KOA through virtual knee school. Nevertheless, pitfalls in running eKS will be noted, which will help improve all aspects of online medical communications in the future.
Long-range, time-varying statistical prediction of annual precipitation in a Mediterranean remote site

In the Mediterranean basin, climate change signals are often representative of atmospheric transients in precipitation patterns. Remote mountaintop rainfall stations are far from human influence and can more easily unveil climate signals to improve the accuracy of long-term forecasts. In this study, the world’s longest annual precipitation time-series (1884–2021) from a remote station, the Montevergine site (1284 m a.s.l.) in southern Italy, was investigated to explain its forecast performance in the coming decades, offering a representative case study for the central Mediterranean. For this purpose, a Seasonal AutoRegressive-exogenous Time Varying process with Exponential Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (SARX(TVAR)-EGARCH) model was developed for the training period 1884–1991, validated for the interval 1992–2021, and used to make forecasts for the time-horizon 2022–2051, with the support of an exogenous variable (dipole mode index). Throughout this forecast period, the dominant feature is the emergence of an incipient and strong upward drought trend in precipitation until 2035. After this change-point, rainfall increases again, more slightly, but with considerable values towards the end of the forecast period. Although uncertainties remain, the results are promising and encourage the use of SARX(TVAR)-EGARCH in climate studies and forecasts in mountain sites.
Developing a generic model of program accreditation in Iran

INTRODUCTION: Higher education plays an important role in the development of countries in social, economic, cultural, and scientific aspects. Also, the field of healthcare is changing rapidly, and to provide better care, health professional students need to be trained at a higher level. This situation has placed demands on academic and clinical settings responsible for training professional health students. The main objectives of this research project can be defined as 1 —to investigate important issues of accreditation and assessment process of health professional education worldwide and 2—to design and develop a uniform, transparent, and scientific accreditation framework for health professional programs in Iran. METHODS AND MATERIAL: The research methodology for the design of a generic accreditation framework in health professional education is outlined by the following step-by-step (1 to 7) procedure according to the developmental research methodology and three phases considering analysis, development, and evaluation. RESULTS: The findings of the analysis phase showed that there is no specific structure and process for accreditation in Iran compared to other countries. The three most common actions of the accreditation include the following: 1. self- assessment, 2. peer-review and site visits, and 3. evaluation and reports. A review of the relevant literature and websites indicate that various assessment frameworks have been developed regionally, as well as internationally, to accredit professional health programs. However, most of these frames seem to be non-uniform, too complex, and non-transparent. In addition to these results, three themes were extracted from the interview analysis, “accreditation barrier,” “theoretical foundation of accreditation,” and “specific structure and process of accreditation” which indicates the need for education at various levels of educational managers and faculty members. Therefore, these issues were taken into consideration in the design of the accreditation framework of health professional educational programs. After two stages of evaluation from the point of view of specialists and experts of the educational secretariats of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, the final version of the program's accreditation framework and policy will be finalized. CONCLUSION: In Iran, despite the challenges and valuable activities in different educational secretariats, there was no coherent process that can be considered accreditation. In this study, self-study evaluation guide, external evaluation, standard development, and ethical guide for the programs accreditation were developed. The results of this study can help the educational secretariats of the Health and Medical Education Ministry that is based on the documents developed and operationalize their accreditation process and structure.
Improved stability of a deeply anchored geodetic monument for deformation monitoring

A test of two different monument designs used in geodetic networks shows that monuments installed to depths of 5 to 10 meters, and laterally braced, exhibit less environmentally caused displacement than those installed to 2 meters depth. At Parkfield, California, we have been monitoring the lengths of 17 baselines over the past decade with a 2 to 3 day interval between measurements using a two-color geodimeter with a nominal precision of 0.5 mm over 5 km long baselines. Significant variations are observed on many of these baselines which appear to be related to the seasonally occurring rainfall, with the larger variations approaching 10 mm over the past decade. To test whether we could improve upon the measurements on some of the more susceptible lines, at two sites we installed new monuments within about 30 meters of the original monuments. After 1.5 years of measurements it is evident that the new monuments significantly attenuate the seasonal displacements to less than 1 mm. The use of deeply anchored monuments should improve the ability of fault-scale geodetic monitoring arrays to detect small tectonic displacements.
Atlantic sources of the Arctic Ocean surface and halocline waters

Data obtained during the last 20 years from selected hydrographic stations throughout the Arctic Ocean basins and at the continental slopes and northern parts of the surrounding shelf seas are examined to estimate the contribution of Atlantic water to the upper part of the Arctic Ocean water column, and to follow the circulation of the Atlantic derived halocline waters around the Arctic Ocean basins. A substantial fraction of the Atlantic water entering the Arctic Ocean in the two inflow branches, the Fram Strait branch and the Barents Sea branch, is transformed into less dense waters. The inflow through Fram Strait encounters and melts sea ice. Its upper part becomes less saline, and in winter, ice formation homogenizes this low salinity upper part into a winter mixed layer, which follows the boundary flow eastward. The inflow over the Barents Sea mainly becomes colder, less saline and denser due to cooling and net precipitation, but melting of sea ice also here creates a less dense upper layer, which is subsequently homogenized by haline convection. Both these components enter the Nansen Basin via the St. Anna Trough and flow eastward along the Siberian continental slope. A third component of the Barents Sea inflow, mainly comprising Norwegian Coastal Current water, remains on the shelf, where it absorbs the runoff from the large Siberian rivers and evolves into low salinity shelf water. This part continues as far east as the Laptev Sea before a major inflow to the deep Arctic Ocean basins occurs. Winter convection, which in most of the Nansen Basin extends to the Atlantic layer, then becomes limited to the injected low salinity shelf water, and the more saline upper layers of the Fram Strait and the Barents Sea branches are transformed into halocline waters. The Fram Strait branch supplies the halocline water of the Amundsen, Makarov and part of the Canada basins, while the upper part of the Barents Sea branch, initially confined to the Siberian continental slope, becomes the main source of the lower halocline below the Pacific water in the Canada Basin beyond the Chukchi Cap. Less dense Pacific water close to the North American continent prevents the Atlantic derived upper layers from fl owing through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and their main exit is Fram Strait. Only some of the Barents Sea branch halocline water passes through Nares Strait and may occasionally renew the deep and bottom waters of Baffin Bay.
Optimally solving Dec-POMDPs as Continuous-State MDPs: Theory and Algorithms

Decentralized partially observable Markov decision processes (Dec-POMDPs) provide a general model for decision-making under uncertainty in cooperative decentralized settings, but are difficult to solve optimally (NEXP-Complete). As a new way of solving these problems, we introduce the idea of transforming a Dec-POMDP into a continuous-state deterministic MDP with a piecewise-linear and convex value function. This approach makes use of the fact that planning can be accomplished in a centralized offline manner, while execution can still be distributed. This new Dec-POMDP formulation, which we call an occupancy MDP, allows powerful POMDP and continuous-state MDP methods to be used for the first time. When the curse of dimensionality becomes too prohibitive, we refine this basic approach and present ways to combine heuristic search and compact representations that exploit the structure present in multi-agent domains, without losing the ability to eventually converge to an optimal solution. In particular, we introduce feature-based heuristic search that relies on feature-based compact representations, point-based updates and efficient action selection. A theoretical analysis demonstrates that our feature-based heuristic search algorithms terminate in finite time with an optimal solution. We include an extensive empirical analysis using well known benchmarks, thereby demonstrating our approach provides significant scalability improvements compared to the state of the art.
DİSTANCE EDUCATİON İN THE COVİD-19 PANDEMİC PROCESS İN THE CONTEXT OF TEACHER OPİNİONS

The aim of this study is to determine teachers' views on the COVID-19 pandemic process. The research was designed in phenomenology design in accordance with the qualitative research approach. The participants of the study consisted of 15 teachers working in Siirt and Bolu provinces. Maximum diversity and criterion sampling methods were preferred in determining the participants. The data obtained as a result of semi-structured interviews were analysed by content analysis. According to the results of the research, it was determined that the participant teachers made sense of the distance education process in terms of alternative, necessity, difficulty and technological context, stated that it has disadvantages as well as advantages and that it has different effects, especially psychological. In addition, it was determined in the study that teachers suggested solutions to the problems they encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic process in terms of infrastructure and technical support and training on the use of technology.
A Miniaturized High-Power Integrated Front-End for Phased Array Antenna

A miniaturized high-power integrated passive front-end is proposed in this article. A two-way power combiner, a cascaded four-port <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-plane waveguide circulator, and a power limiter are incorporated into the front-end. The combined power is incident to the four-port waveguide circulator, and the forward output power of the circulator is incident to the antenna element, while the received power from the antenna is incident to the receiver with a limited range by the power limiter. The cross section size of the passive front-end is small as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.85\times 0.8\,\,\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which makes it suitable for high-power active array antenna applications. The experiments show that from 8 to 9 GHz, the insertion loss in the transmitting path is 0.25 dB, the insertion loss in the receiving path is smaller than 1.4 dB, the return loss is larger than 20 dB, and the isolation is higher than 20 dB. High-power tests indicate that the power capacity of the passive front-end is no less than 5 kW with a 50-ns pulsewidth and a 0.5% duty cycle.
Submarines, Quarks, and Radioisotope Dating 1

My path to the invention of accelerator mass spectrometry—now just called AMS—was quirky and extraordinary, and it is a saga worth telling, particularly for young people who may have an oversimplified image of how progress in science is actually made. It was an adventurous journey, and like many adventures, it was often uncomfortable, haphazard, and frequently characterized by a feeling of being lost. In retrospect, the only reason I set out on this journey was my belief that I didn't know much about finding my path in physics, and that the best I could do was to follow the lead of the great physicist Luis Alvarez. He had an incredible ability to create new and ingenious projects that led in new directions, and I wanted to understand how he did that. So I had decided that I would work with him on any new idea he came up with, even if it inconvenienced the rest of my life. And true to my expectations, while working with Luie (that's what he wanted everyone to call him), I often felt like Odysseus, tossed between distant shores by capricious gods.
BED DEFORMATION AROUND GROINS IN A RIVER RESTORATION PROJECT

This paper investigates the flow and bed deformation around groins under flood conditions in a river restoration project with both experimental and numerical methods. The experiments are based on a large-scale physical model and are able to resolve the local flow and sediment transport phenomena with a relatively high accuracy. The numerical models are formulated on an unstructured mesh and allow the exact representation of complex geometries, in particular the restoration structures such as groins. The numerical results have been compared with those of the experimental measurements. Reasonable agreements have been obtained in terms of both flow patterns and bed variations. The study suggests that the flood had significant impacts on the bed morphologies with quantitative evidences. The numerical models may serve as a promising tool for the decision-making and post-assessment in river restoration.
Autonomy in Local Digital News: An Exploration of Organizational and Moral Psychology Factors

ABSTRACT This mixed-methods study examines autonomy and shifts in the evolving digital news industry. Autonomous agency of news workers is an essential indicator of how journalism work is fulfilling its role as the Fourth Estate in American democracy. This work responds to calls in media ethics, media sociology and moral ecology to better understand how organizational structure and individual moral psychology factors influence the levels at which digital news workers exhibit autonomy within their digital news organizations. Using participant observation, a unique survey and respondent interviewing, I worked for one year with a digitally native hyper-local news organization to examine how organizational structure, leadership, socialization, and individual factors influenced autonomy levels in the staff. Results found overall high levels of autonomy in the editorial staff, but with many constraints such as financial pressures, perceived lack of time, a high pressure to perform multiple jobs and duties outside of the scope of typical legacy journalism job descriptions.
Effect of Seed Source and Watering Intervals on Growth and Dry Matter Yield of Shea Butter Tree ( Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn F.) Seedlings

Shea butter tree seeds obtained from five locations in Guinea and Sudan savanna zones of Nigeria were evaluated for seedling growth under three watering intervals. The accessions were named after the site of collection, which included Makurdi, Minna, Jalingo, Yola and Kano while the watering intervals included 3, 6, and 9 day-intervals. Factorial combinations of the accessions and the watering intervals were laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) replicated three times. Data on growth pattern, dry matter yield and distribution were collected between July 2006 and April 2007. Result indicated that accession had significant (P Keywords : Shea butter tree seeds, Accession, Watering intervals, Seedling growth, Dry matter Bio-Research Vol. 6 (1) 2008: pp. 303-307
On the darkest pixel atmospheric correction algorithm: a revised procedure applied over satellite remotely sensed images intended for environmental applications

Atmospheric correction is an essential part of the pre-processing of satellite remote sensing data. Several atmospheric correction approaches can be found in the literature ranging from simple to sophisticated methods. The sophisticated methods require auxiliary data, however the simple methods are based only on the image itself and are served to be suitable for operational use. One of the most widely used and well-known simple atmospheric correction methods is the darkest pixel (DP). Despite of its simplicity, the user must be aware of several key points in order to avoid any erroneous results. Indeed, this paper addresses a new strategy for selecting the suitable dark object based on the proposed analysis of digital number histograms and image examination. Several case studies, in which satellite remotely sensed image data intended for environmental applications have been atmospherically corrected using the DP method, are presented in this article.
Delayed dynamic triggering of deep tremor along the Parkfield‐Cholame section of the San Andreas Fault following the 2014 M6.0 South Napa earthquake

Large, distant earthquakes are known to trigger deep tectonic tremor along the San Andreas Fault and in subduction zones. However, there are relatively few observations of triggering from regional distance earthquakes. Here we show that a small tremor episode about 12–18 km NW of Parkfield was triggered during and immediately following the passage of surface waves from the 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa main shock. More notably, a major tremor episode followed, beginning about 12 h later, and centered SE of Parkfield near Cholame. This major episode is one of the largest seen over the past several years, containing intense activity for ~3 days and taking more than 3 weeks to return to background levels. This episode showed systematic along‐strike migration at ~5 km/d, suggesting that it was driven by a slow‐slip event. Our results suggest that moderate‐size earthquakes are capable of triggering major tremor and deep slow slip at regional distances.