Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of lexical variables in the visual recognition of Chinese characters: A megastudy analysis

Logographic Chinese orthography partially represents both phonology and semantics. By capturing the online processing of a large pool of Chinese characters, we were able to examine the relative salience of specific lexical variables when this nonalphabetic script is read. Using a sample of native mainland Chinese speakers (N = 35), lexical decision latencies for 1560 single characters were collated into a database, before the effects of a comprehensive range of variables were explored. Hierarchical regression analyses determined the unique item-level variance explained by orthographic (frequency, stroke count), semantic (age of learning, imageability, number of meanings), and phonological (consistency, phonological frequency) factors. Orthographic and semantic variables, respectively, accounted for more collective variance than the phonological variables. Significant main effects were further observed for the individual orthographic and semantic predictors. These results are consistent with the idea that skilled readers tend to rely on orthographic and semantic information when processing visually presented characters. This megastudy approach marks an important extension to existing work on Chinese character recognition, which hitherto has relied on factorial designs. Collectively, the findings reported here represent a useful set of empirical constraints for future computational models of character recognition.
Adaptive Control of Robot Manipulators With Uncertain Kinematics and Dynamics

In this note, we investigate the adaptive control problem for robot manipulators with both the uncertain kinematics and dynamics. We propose two adaptive control schemes to realize the objective of task-space trajectory tracking irrespective of the uncertain kinematics and dynamics. The proposed controllers have the desirable separation property, and we also show that the first adaptive controller with appropriate modifications can yield the improved performance, without the expense of the conservative gain choice. The performance of the proposed controllers is shown by numerical simulations.
Agrin Binds to the Nerve–Muscle Basal Lamina via Laminin

Agrin is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is required for the formation and maintenance of neuromuscular junctions. During development, agrin is secreted from motor neurons to trigger the local aggregation of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) and other proteins in the muscle fiber, which together compose the postsynaptic apparatus. After release from the motor neuron, agrin binds to the developing muscle basal lamina and remains associated with the synaptic portion throughout adulthood. We have recently shown that full-length chick agrin binds to a basement membrane-like preparation called Matrigel™. The first 130 amino acids from the NH2 terminus are necessary for the binding, and they are the reason why, on cultured chick myotubes, AChR clusters induced by full-length agrin are small. In the current report we show that an NH2-terminal fragment of agrin containing these 130 amino acids is sufficient to bind to Matrigel™ and that the binding to this preparation is mediated by laminin-1. The fragment also binds to laminin-2 and -4, the predominant laminin isoforms of the muscle fiber basal lamina. On cultured myotubes, it colocalizes with laminin and is enriched in AChR aggregates. In addition, we show that the effect of full-length agrin on the size of AChR clusters is reversed in the presence of the NH2-terminal agrin fragment. These data strongly suggest that binding of agrin to laminin provides the basis of its localization to synaptic basal lamina and other basement membranes.
World Knowledge and Word Meaning

We use words to talk about the world. Therefore, to understand what words mean, we must have a prior explication of how we view the world. In a sense, efforts in the past to decompose words into semantic primitives were attempts to link word meaning to a theory of the world, where the set of semantic primitives constituted the theory of the world. With the advent of naive physics and research programs to formalize commonsense knowledge in a number of areas in predicate calculus or some other formal language, we now have at our disposal means for building much richer theories of varlous aspects of the world, and consequently, we are in a much better position to address the problems of le~cal semantics. In the TACITUS project for using commonsense.knowledge in the understanding of texts about mechanical devices and their failures, we have been developing various commonsense theories that are needed to mediate between the way we talk about the behavior of such devices and causal models of their operation (Hobbs et M., 1986). The theories cover a number of areas that figure in virtually every domain of discourse, such as scalar notions, granularity, structured systems, time, space, material, physical objects, causality, functionality, force, and shape. Our approach has been to construct core t h e o r i e s of each of these areas. These core theories may use English words as their predicates, but the principal criterion for adequacy of the core theory is elegance, whatever that is, and this can usually be achieved better using predicates that are not lexically realized. It is easier to achieve elegance if one does not have to be held responsible to linguistic evidence. Predicates that are lexically realized are then pushed to the periphery of the theory. A large number of lexical items can be defined, or at least characterized, in terms provided by the core theories. The hypothesis is that once these core theories have been formulated in the right way, it will be straightforward to explicate the meanings of a great many words. The phrase "in the right way" is key in this strategy. The world is
A general joint component framework for realistic articulation in human characters

We present a general joint component framework model that is capable of exhibiting complex behavior of joints in articulated figures. The joints are capable of handling non-orthogonal, non-intersecting axes of rotation and changing joint centers that are often found in the kinematics of real anatomical joints. The adjustment of joint articulation is done with a relatively small set of intuitive parameters compared to the number of articulations in the motions they parameterize. This is done by making various linear and nonlinear joint dependencies implicit within our framework. An animator is restricted from putting the skeleton in an infeasible pose. We have used our joint framework model to successfully model highly-articulated complex joints such as the human spine and shoulder.
Stochastic game model for information dissemination of emergency events in social network

Information dissemination of emergency events can be considered quickly proliferate over social network, the basic fact is a complex course of interactions of numerous participants. In this paper, we first analyze the information features of emergency events in social network. Then propose users' utility to describe the effect and present a stochastic game for the information interaction between users in social network has. Finally, a case to observe the information dissemination of emergency events is presented to show that users with different personality have different dissemination scale in social network.
Enforcing secure and robust routing with declarative policies

Internet routers must adhere to many polices governing the selection of paths that meet potentially complex constraints on length, security, symmetry and organizational preferences. Many routing problems are caused by their misconfigura-tion, usually due to a combination of human errors and the lack of a high-level formal language for specifying routing policies that can be used to generate router configurations. We describe an approach that obviates many problems by using a declarative language for specifying network-wide routing policies to automatically configure routers and also inform software agents that can diagnose and correct networking problems. Our policy language is grounded in ontologies encoded in the Semantic Web language OWL, supporting machine understanding and interoperability. Polices expressed in it can be automatically compiled into low-level router configurations and intelligent agents can reason with them to diagnose and correct routing problems. We have prototyped the approach and evaluated the results both in a simulator and on a small physical network. Our results show that the framework performs well on a number of use cases, including checking for policy coherence, preventing asymmetric routing patterns, applying organizational preferences, and diagnosing and correcting failures.
A comparison of techniques for the prediction of epileptic seizures

EEG signal analysis has been proposed for early warning of an epileptic seizure. A number of different signal analysis techniques are examined and compared using an example EEG signal. The objective of this comparison is to determine which analysis technique to use in an automatic, real time early warning system for epileptic patients. <<ETX>>
A Checklist to Evaluate Augmented Reality Applications

Augmented reality applications merge virtual content with the real world, with real-time interaction and they have inherent characteristic, such as the lighting conditions, use of sensors, and the user position. These applications are very different from conventional applications that use mouse and keyboard, so they require a usability evaluation to verify whether they achieve their goals and satisfy users. We developed a checklist to measure the usability of augmented reality applications in a practical manner. This checklist was developed adapting the ISO 9241-11 and Nielsen Heuristics for an augmented reality context, and criteria created by us. Five experts evaluated two applications to test the checklist. In both cases, the evaluation clearly identified key problems in the application design. They also evaluated the checklist. Analyzing the results, we could determine that the checklist appears to be a possible solution to evaluate usability of augmented reality applications.
Established the Evaluation Index System of Food Security in State Farms of Heilongjiang Province

At present, there are still a number of global population faces food crisis in the background of food security. Many developing countries are fighting the food crisis in a different way in particular. Food security is related to our life, the rapid development of our countries, and formulates long-term development strategy of national. This paper has established the evaluation index system of food security in state farms of Heilongjiang province from six aspects.
Investigations on Flexible Multiferroic Composites

Multiferroic ceramics are one of the most attractive materials for the next generation computer memories, smart sensors, and high frequency microelectronic devices. As compared to single phase multiferroic, piezoelectric‐magnetostrictive composite materials exhibit larger magnetoelectric coefficients and therefore better suited for practical applications. In the present paper, we have provided a brief introduction on the multiferroic electro‐ceramics followed by the outline of recent research trends on these materials. The potentials of flexible polymer‐magnetostrictive composite materials, synthesized by economic chemical based processing routes, has been outlined. To make flexible multiferroic composites, cobalt iron oxide (CoFe2O4) (CFO) spinel powders were synthesized by a polymer assisted decomposition route. The cation mixing in as prepared as well as calcined CFO powders were investigated by XRD Rietveld refinement. Guided by the structural refinement results the processing conditions of the powder.
University of Groningen A two-dimensional magnetic hybrid material based on intercalation of a cationic Prussian blue analog in montmorillonite

A highly ordered two-dimensional hybrid magnetic nanocomposite has been prepared by synthesizing and intercalating a new cationic aluminum-hydroxy ferric ferrocyanide compound into a cation-adsorbing nanoclay (montmorillonite). Chemical and structural properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoemission, and Mössbauer spectroscopies. Elemental analysis was based on proton-induced gamma ray emission and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy data, N/C elemental ratios, and cation-exchange capacity measurements. Magnetic properties were studied by SQUID magnetometry. The results suggest: (i) that the cationic Prussian blue analog comprises Al-hydroxy cations embedded into a monolayer thick two-dimensional ferric ferrocyanide array; and (ii) that the clay-Prussian blue nanohybrid consists of such arrays stacked between the clay layers. The latter material orders ferromagnetically at 5 K showing a hundred times higher remanence than that of the starting material, soluble Prussian blue (ammonium ferric ferrocyanide). 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
A method for separation of overlapping partials based on similarity of temporal envelopes in multichannel mixtures

In a situation where multiple sound sources are concurrently active, the signals of the individual sources often overlap in time and in frequency. This is particularly likely for voiced instruments where the frequencies of some of the partials of one single note coincide with the frequencies of some of the partials of another instrument playing a harmonically related note. A source separation algorithm suitable for musical applications must address the problem of overlapping partials. A method is proposed for the separation of overlapping narrow-band partials in multichannel mixtures. The method is based on the observation that, for many instruments, all the partials of a single note have similar temporal envelopes. For narrow band partials these similarities can be exploited in order to estimate demixing matrices in the frequency domain. Effectively, one can recover estimates of the original partials from a multichannel mixture where they overlap. The method is computationally efficient in that it works on highly downsampled narrow frequency bands. It performs well for closely spaced and colliding partials, and (to some extent) also for frequency modulations such as vibrato effects.
A Pentaplex PCR Assay for the Detection and Differentiation of Shigella Species

The magnitude of shigellosis in developing countries is largely unknown because an affordable detection method is not available. Current laboratory diagnosis of Shigella spp. is laborious and time consuming and has low sensitivity. Hence, in the present study, a molecular-based diagnostic assay which amplifies simultaneously four specific genes to identify invC for Shigella genus, rfc for S. flexneri, wbgZ for S. sonnei, and rfpB for S. dysenteriae, as well as one internal control (ompA) gene, was developed in a single reaction to detect and differentiate Shigella spp. Validation with 120 Shigella strains and 37 non-Shigella strains yielded 100% specificity. The sensitivity of the PCR was 100 pg of genomic DNA, 5.4 × 104 CFU/ml, or approximately 120 CFU per reaction mixture of bacteria. The sensitivity of the pentaplex PCR assay was further improved following preincubation of the stool samples in Gram-negative broth. A preliminary study with 30 diarrhoeal specimens resulted in no cross-reaction with other non-Shigella strains tested. We conclude that the developed pentaplex PCR assay is robust and can provide information about the four target genes that are essential for the identification of the Shigella genus and the three Shigella species responsible for the majority of shigellosis cases.
p120 nucleolar‐proliferating antigen is a direct target of G‐CSF signaling during myeloid differentiation

Granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) is an essential cytokine, which contributes to proliferation and differentiation of granulocyte precursor cells in the bone marrow. Despite recent progress in understanding G‐CSF signaling events, the mechanisms that underlie the distinct spectrum of biological functions attributed to G‐CSF‐mediated gene expression remain unclear. Previous studies have identified a number of genes, which are up‐regulated in G‐CSF‐stimulated myeloid precursor cells. In this study, we sought to identify additional target genes of G‐CSF‐mediated proliferation and/or differentiation. cDNA representational difference analysis was used with the 32Dcl3 cell line as a model system to isolate genes, which are up‐regulated in an immediate‐early manner upon G‐CSF stimualtion. We isolated p120 nucleolar‐proliferation antigen (NOL1), a highly conserved, nucleolar‐specific, RNA‐binding protein of unknown function, and confirmed its expression by Northern blot analysis in 4‐h, G‐CSF‐induced 32Dcl3 cells. Isolation of a mouse p120 genomic clone revealed the presence of a signal tranducer and activator of transcription (STAT)‐binding site in the first intron of the gene. We demonstrate the importance of STAT3 and STAT5 in mediating the G‐CSF response with respect to p120 expression by transient transfection analysis, oligonucleotide pull‐down assays, and the loss of p120 expression in the bone marrow of mice lacking normal STAT3 signaling. In addition, overexpression of p120 in G‐CSF‐induced 32D cells revealed normal, morphologic maturation and growth characteristics but loss of lactoferrin expression, a marker of normal neutrophil maturation, suggesting that inappropriate expression of the p120 gene can result in aberrant neutrophil maturation.
Knee Flexion after Total Knee Arthroplasty

Purpose. To identify factors related to knee flexion after total knee arthroplasty in a Chinese population. Methods. Records of 242 total knee arthroplasties were retrospectively reviewed. The parameters evaluated were age, gender, diagnosis, preoperative knee flexion and extension, preoperative flexion arc, tibiofemoral angle, Knee Society knee score and functional score, and implant design. Results. Advanced age, female gender, and good preoperative flexion and flexion arc were related to better postoperative flexion. Postoperative flexion tended to migrate to the middle range despite different ranges of preoperative flexion. Preoperative tibiofemoral malalignment had no significant effect on postoperative flexion. Conclusion. Contemporary designs of posterior stabilised prostheses with right and left femoral components were superior to older designs.
Chinese and Japanese Word Segmentation Using Word-Level and Character-Level Information

In this paper, we present a hybrid method for Chinese and Japanese word segmentation. Word-level information is useful for analysis of known words, while character-level information is useful for analysis of unknown words, and the method utilizes both these two types of information in order to effectively handle known and unknown words. Experimental results show that this method achieves high overall accuracy in Chinese and Japanese word segmentation
Quench Characteristics of the ATLAS Central Solenoid

A thin superconducting solenoid has been constructed for ATLAS, one of the four LHC experiments at CERN. The single layer coil wound with an Al stabilized NbTi superconductor, with overall dimensions of 5.3 m length and 2.6 m diameter and operating at 7.6 kA provides the 2 T magnetic field for the inner detector. The coil was successfully tested at the company before shipment and re-tested at CERN on surface in its final configuration before commencing the installation in the ATLAS cavern 100 m underground. The tests include an extensive study of the quench evolution and in particular the normal zone propagation through the coil windings and in the superconducting bus-lines. A special feature of this coil is the use of aluminum quench propagation strips glued to the windings inner surface. This design enhances the turn-to-turn normal zone propagation velocity, reaching up to 0.8 m/s, and limits the hot spot temperature to 110 K. Along the conductor, normal zone propagation reaches velocities up to 14 m/s at nominal current
The impact of oral health on the academic performance of disadvantaged children.

OBJECTIVES We measured the impact of dental diseases on the academic performance of disadvantaged children by sociodemographic characteristics and access to care determinants METHODS We performed clinical dental examinations on 1495 disadvantaged elementary and high school students from Los Angeles County public schools. We matched data with academic achievement and attendance data provided by the school district and linked these to the child's social determinants of oral health and the impact of oral health on the child's school and the parents' school or work absences. RESULTS Students with toothaches were almost 4 times more likely to have a low grade point average. About 11% of students with inaccessible needed dental care missed school compared with 4% of those with access. Per 100 elementary and high school-aged children, 58 and 80 school hours, respectively, are missed annually. Parents averaged 2.5 absent days from work or school per year because of their children's dental problems. CONCLUSIONS Oral health affects students' academic performance. Studies are needed that unbundle the clinical, socioeconomic, and cultural challenges associated with this epidemic of dental disease in children.
A Sub-mW Fully-Integrated Pulse Oximeter Front-End

This paper presents the implementation of the first fully integrated pulse oximeter front-end with a power consumption lower than 1 mW. This is enabled by system- and block-level noise optimisation, also detailed in the manuscript. The proposed design features an analogue feedback loop that enables fast and accurate regulation of the detected photocurrent level and a serial-to-parallel interface allowing for extensive programmability of several operation parameters. The front-end was fabricated in the AMS 0.35 μm technology and occupies an area of 1.35 mm2 . Extensive measured results, both electrical and physiological from human subjects are reported, demonstrating an estimated SNR of 39 dB and ability to detect 2% changes in SpO2, similar to commercial pulse oximeters. This is despite the constrained power consumption which amounts to 0.31 mW for the LEDs and 0.53 mW for the rest of the front-end from a 3.3 V supply. Statistical results from 20 chips verify good matching across the Red and Infrared channels of the front-end and the accurate operation of the proposed analogue feedback loop.
Elliptic curve based key generation for symmetric encryption

With the explosion of networks and the huge amount of data transmitted along, securing data content is becoming more and more important. Data encryption is widely used to ensure security in open networks such as the internet. This paper presents the implementation of stream cipher, where the key stream is generated based on the properties of Linear Feedback Shift Register and cyclic Elliptic Curve over a finite prime field. In this paper we illustrate the process of encryption/decryption of an image in spatial domain and also encrypt key file parameters needed for generating the key stream to other parties using Elliptic Curve Cryptography. Therefore the encrypted key file parameters are only transmitted and not the entire full-length key. Since Elliptic Curve Cryptography is replacing RSA for key exchange and Elliptic Curve based stream cipher offers a good choice for encryption in real time application. The strength of the proposed cipher lies in the generation of random sequence using Linear Feedback Shift Register over GF(p), difficulty of Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithmic Problem and the entire key need not be transmitted in the encryption process. This paper also discusses the security aspects of the proposed cipher which is secure against all kinds of attacks.