Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON

As the physician assistant (PA) profession has matured, it has become a significant factor in the nation’s health care delivery system. Quality of care stakeholders are increasingly concerned about the medical care being delivered by non-physician providers. Stakeholders include local and national government, health care delivery organizations, health care provider education programs, the health insurance industry, and the general public. Each is affected by the liability of physician assistant medical practice. While PAs are being trained and hired at a rate that assumes adequate competence, quality and safety, current research is absent of a comprehensive analysis of PA malpractice over time. This study examined 17 years of data related to unsafe medical practice (i.e., practice that harms patients or the public). The study analyzed and compared a variety of markers (e.g., civil lawsuits and Medicare program exclusions filed with the National Practitioner Data Bank) of safety between physicians, PAs, and advanced practice nurses (APNs). Results of the study suggested that: a) the overall incidence and ratio of malpractice claims per provider was no greater for PAs and APNs than for physicians over a 17 year period; b) the average and median malpractice payments of PAs were less than that of physicians while that of APNs were greater; c) the trend in median payment increases was less for PAs than physicians and APNs, and higher for APNs than physicians; d) PAs did not negate their cost effectiveness through the costs of malpractice; e) the rate of malpractice incidence increased for PAs and APNs over the study period but remained steady for physicians; and f) the reasons for disciplinary actions against PAs were similar to that of physicians and APNs. Other study findings included gender differences in both malpractice payment incidence and malpractice payment amount and disparities between states regarding the frequency of disciplinary actions as compared to malpractice incidence.
All Roads Lead To Rome

This short article presents a class of projection-based solution algorithms to the problem considered in the pioneering work on compressed sensing - perfect reconstruction of a phantom image from 22 radial lines in the frequency domain. Under the framework of projection-based image reconstruction, we will show experimentally that several old and new tools of nonlinear filtering (including Perona-Malik diffusion, nonlinear diffusion, Translation-Invariant thresholding and SA-DCT thresholding) all lead to perfect reconstruction of the phantom image.
Comment on “Generalized James' effective Hamiltonian method”

In the paper carried out by Wenjun et al. \cite{Shao2017}, a generalization of the James effective dynamics theory based on a first version of the James method was presented. This however, is not a very rigorous way of deriving the effective third-order expansion for an interaction Hamiltonian with harmonic time-dependence. In fact, here we show that the third-order Hamiltonian obtained in \cite{Shao2017} is not Hermitian for general situations when we consider time-dependence. Its non-Hermitian nature arises from the foundation of the theory itself. In this comment paper, the most general expression of the effective Hamiltonian expanded up to third order is obtained. Our derived effective Hamiltonian is Hermitian even in situations where we have time-dependence.
Strathprints Institutional Repository

Dependently typed programming languages allow sophisticated properties of data to be expressed within the type system. Of particular use in dependently typed programming are indexed types that reﬁne data by computationally useful information. For example, the N -indexed type of vectors reﬁnes lists by their lengths. Other data types may be reﬁned in similar ways, but programmers must produce purpose-speciﬁc reﬁnements on an ad hoc basis, developers must anticipate which reﬁnements to include in libraries, and implementations must often store redundant information about data and their reﬁnements. In this paper we show how to generically derive inductive characterisations of reﬁnements of inductive types, and argue that these characterisations can alleviate some of the afore-mentioned diﬃculties associated with ad hoc reﬁnements. Our characterisations also ensure that standard techniques for programming with and reasoning about inductive types are applicable to reﬁnements, and that reﬁnements can themselves be further reﬁned.
EUI Working Papers

European Monetary Union was expected to have many consequences for the economies of participant countries. Theory suggested that through a higher volume of trade and stronger competition in the Eurozone, a single currency would lead to a reduction in price dispersion. As far as prices are concerned, two effects were expected: an immediate effect due to the technical characteristics of the changeover process, and a long-term one leading to price convergence. Both Euro effects are evaluated using difference-in-difference (DD) methodology. DD estimation is commonly used in the evaluation of the effects of policy programmes. Applied to the issue of introducing a single currency, the Euro effects identified are the estimated differences in price changes, price dispersion and convergence rates preand post-Euro between two groups of countries: Euro and non-Euro.
TEACHERS' OPINIONS ON UNETHICAL CONDUCTS OF EDUCATION ADMINISTRATORS

The purpose of this study is to determine teachers' opinions on unethical conducts of education administrators and on individual or organizational reflections of such behaviours in terms of various independent variables. The study is a qualitative study with a holistic multiple-case pattern. The study group of the study consisted of 10 teachers who were employed in official training-education institutions located in Kepez District, Antalya Province and voluntarily participated in the study. Interview data were attempted to be analysed using descriptive and content analysis methods. It was determined as a result of the study that education administrators were in unethical conducts. Furthermore, it was found out that unethical conducts of education administrators had negative effects on organizational structure and functioning and that ethical conducts of education administrators increased organizational and academic success and positively affected organizational commitment. Article visualizations:
The impact of climate change on agricultural crop distribution in South Africa

iii Acknowledgements iv List of Figures vi List of Tables vi Chapter 1 1 Literature Review 1 Climate change 1 Niche theory 2 Chapter 2 9 Introduction 9 Aims and Objectives 10 Questions 11 Methods 11 Study area 11 Data sources 12 Environmental variables 12 Modelling assumptions 13 Data Analyses 14 Range shift analyses 15 Niche overlap between current and predicted climate changes (Maize) 15 Results 17 Niche overlap results 21 Discussion 25 Conclusion 28 References 29 Appendices 39
Effects of compaction on soil surface water repellency

Water repellency can reduce the infiltration capacity of soils over timescales similar to those of precipitation events. Compaction can also reduce infiltration capacity by decreasing soil hydraulic conductivity, but the effect of compaction on soil water repellency is unknown. This study explores the effect of compaction on the wettability of water repellent soil. Three air‐dry (water content ∼4 g 100 g−1) silt loam samples of contrasting wettability (non‐repellent, strongly and severely water repellent) were homogenized and subjected to various pressures in the range 0–1570 kPa in an odeometer for 24 h. Following removal, sample surface water repellency was reassessed using the water drop penetration time method and surface roughness using white light interferometry. An increase in compaction pressure caused a significant reduction in soil surface water repellency, which in turn increases the soil's initial infiltration capacity. The difference in surface roughness of soils compacted at the lowest and highest pressures was significant (at P > 0.2) suggesting an increase in the contact area between sessile water drops and soil surfaces was providing increased opportunities for surface wetting mechanisms to proceed. This suggests that compaction of a water repellent soil may lead to an increased rate of surface wetting, which is a precursor to successful infiltration of water into bulk soil. Although there may be a reduction in soil conductivity upon compaction, the more rapid initiation of infiltration may, in some circumstances, lead to an overall increase in the proportion of rain or irrigation water infiltrating water repellent soil, rather than contributing to surface run‐off or evaporation.
THE ABDUS SALAM INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS ELECTROMAGNETIC SPATIAL COHERENCE WAVELETS

The recently introduced concept of spatial coherence wavelets is generalized for describing the propagation of electromagnetic fields in the free space. For this aim, the spatial coherence wavelet tensor is introduced as an elementary amount, in terms of which the formerly known quantities for this domain can be expressed. It allows analyzing the relationship between the spatial coherence properties and the polarization state of the electromagnetic wave. This approach is completely consistent with the recently introduced unified theory of coherence and polarization for random electromagnetic beams, but it provides a further insight about the causal relationship between the polarization states at different planes along the propagation path. MIRAMARE – TRIESTE October 2005 1 Regular Associate of ICTP. rcastane@unalmed.edu. co 2 jigarcia@unalmed.edu. co
The Relationship Between Parenting Style and Self-Efficacy To Premarital Sexual Behavior Of High School Students In Gunungkidul

Introduction: The teenage age group is the most vulnerable category to various negative behaviors, such as risky sexual behavior. Consequently, there is an increase in adolescent health issues, such as the spread of sexually transmitted infections, unwanted pregnancies, early marriages, and abortions. Parents play a crucial role in providing the foundations of teenagers' personalities and guiding them to make responsible decisions, including those related to their sexuality. All forms of interaction between parents and teenagers manifest in the form of parenting styles. In addition to the role of parents, teenagers themselves must also have high self-efficacy to avoid premarital sexual behavior. Objective: This study aims to examining the relationship between parenting styles and self-efficacy with premarital sexual behavior among high school adolescents in Gunungkidul Regency. Method: This study is a quantitative research employing a cross-sectional study design. Results: Adolescents engaging in premarital sexual behavior have a risk of 36.21%. There is a significant relationship between parenting styles and premarital sexual behavior among high school adolescents (p < 0.05). There is also a significant relationship between self-efficacy and premarital sexual behavior. Gender and peer influence are significantly associated with premarital sexual behavior (p < 0.05), while exposure to information is not related to premarital sexual behavior (p > 0.05). The study concludes that adolescents who receive permissive parenting styles and have low self-efficacy are more likely to engage in risky premarital sexual behavior.
Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Malay version of the painDETECT Questionnaire

Background: The painDETECT questionnaire (PDQ) is a useful tool for screening of patients with neuropathic pain. This study aimed to translate the PDQ into the Malay language (PDQ-M) and to achieve cross-cultural adaptation of the questionnaire for use in Malaysia. Methods: The translation and cultural adaptation process of the English version of PDQ was performed based on international guidelines. Subsequently, 97 patients with neuropathic and nociceptive pain based on clinician’s diagnoses were recruited to complete three-type numeric rating scale (NRS) of pain followed by PDQ-M. Results: On the basis of cognitive debriefing, several changes of the translated PDQ-M were made. A total of 53 patients with neuropathic pain and 44 with nociceptive pain (54.6% females, 45.4% males, mean age 52.4 years ± 14.2) were recruited into this study. The most common class of analgesia prescribed for patients with neuropathic pain was anti-convulsant, whereas co-analgesic therapy, which includes NSAID and COX-2 inhibitor, was the most prescribed for patients with nociceptive pain. Combination analgesia was used in 32.1% of those with neuropathic pain, and 11.4% of patients with nociceptive pain. The median time taken for respondents to complete the questionnaire was 420 seconds. In regression analysis, active smoking (beta 0.586, p<0.001) and female gender (beta -0.422, p=0.008) were associated with higher PDQ-M scores only among those with neuropathic pain. Conclusions: The Malay version of the painDETECT questionnaire was translated and cross-culturally adapted for ease of understanding among the local population via careful face-to-face interview.
List of Papers

This thesis is based on the following papers, which are referred to in the text by their Roman numerals. For each paper, the authors are ordered according to their individual contributions. In Paper I, and Paper II, the author has had the major responsibility of method development , its implementation, and write-up. While in Paper III, all other authors were mainly involved in the data acquisition process and write-up. In Paper V, the contribution was mainly on the implementation. Reprints were made with permission from the publishers. (2010) Velocity and pressure-based partitions of horizontal and vertical trajectories for on-line signature verification. (2010) The effect of drugs with ion channel-blocking activity on the early embryonic rat heart. Acknowledgements First and foremost, all praises are due to Allah, who has given me the strength, knowledge and patience to accomplish my goals. Without His blessings, mercy and grace, this dissertation would not have been possible. I am blessed to have so many people around me who have helped me throughout these years. Without their guidance and support, this thesis would not have been possible. Every individual played a key role and it gives me great pleasure to thank them all. First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Ewert Bengsston, who kept me motivated and led me throughout the whole process both through good and bad days. His excellent guidance, encouragement and moral support always kept me going for more. I owe my deepest gratitude to my co-supervisor, Prof. Ingela Nyström, who has stood by me since day one and who has always been willing to discuss and share her ideas with me. Her friendly and active participation has been a major boost to achieve my goals. Without any doubt, I can easily state that she is a master in the art of supervising. Working with my co-authors, M. has been a pleasure for me. Frequent discussions with them has always provided me with numerous valuable ideas. I am grateful to L. Wadelius who has always provided us with a home-like environment and always been there when in need of any administrative help. Heartiest thanks to O. Eriksson, whose job to keep the computer network up to date and running, made my life so much easier. Many thanks to my colleagues past and current, who have made this journey so much more interesting and knowledgeable for …
Saving for the future self : Neural measures of future self-continuity predict temporal discounting

LIST OF PAPERS The role of self-connectedness in short run losses and long run gains, Suzanne Shu*, UCLA How the perceived (dis)continuity of identity affects intertemporal choice, Daniel M. Bartels* and Oleg Urminsky, University of Chicago; Lance J. Rips, Northwestern University Saving for the future self: Neural measures of future self-continuity predict temporal discounting, Hal Ersner-Hershfield*, G. Elliott Wimmer and Brian Knutson, Stanford University Goals or means: How psychological distance influences depletion effects, Nidhi Agrawal*, Kellogg; Echo Wen Wan, University of Hong Kong Presenters (*) agree to present if accepted, and data collection is complete for all the papers.
Eddy‐driven recirculation of Atlantic Water in Fram Strait

Eddy‐resolving regional ocean model results in conjunction with synthetic float trajectories and observations provide new insights into the recirculation of the Atlantic Water (AW) in Fram Strait that significantly impacts the redistribution of oceanic heat between the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean. The simulations confirm the existence of a cyclonic gyre around the Molloy Hole near 80°N, suggesting that most of the AW within the West Spitsbergen Current recirculates there, while colder AW recirculates in a westward mean flow south of 79°N that primarily relates to the eastern rim of the Greenland Sea Gyre. The fraction of waters recirculating in the northern branch roughly doubles during winter, coinciding with a seasonal increase of eddy activity along the Yermak Plateau slope that also facilitates subduction of AW beneath the ice edge in this area.
Working Paper Series

Inflows of foreign knowledge are key for developing countries to catch up with the world technology frontier. In this paper, I construct a model to analyze the entry decisions of foreign firms that bring their know-how into a developing country, as well as the incentives of domestic firms to invest in their own know-how, given the exposure to foreign ideas and competition. The model embeds two diffusion mechanisms typically considered separately in the literature: externalities and markets. I find that their relative preponderance of markets vs. externalities substantially changes the dynamic implications of openness. Notably, openness allows developing countries to fully catch up only when market transactions dominate the diffusion of ideas. Externalities are never enough to catch up, and, in their presence, openness may even lead to losses in income and welfare. However, with a simple quantitative extension of the model, I argue that the dynamic gains of openness are large.
Working Paper Series

Some financial stress events lead to macroeconomic downturns, while others appear to be isolated to financial markets. We identify financial stress regimes using a model that explicitly links financial variables to macroeconomic outcomes. The stress regimes are identified using an unbalanced panel of financial variables with an embedded method for variable selection. Our identified stress regimes are associated with corporate credit tightening and with NBER recessions. An exogenous deterioration in our financial condition index has strong negative effects in economic activity, and negative amplification effects on inflation in the stress regime. We employ a novel factor-augmented vector autoregressive model with smooth regime changes (FASTVAR).
SUB-PIXEL SNOW COVERAGE AND CORRELATION FACTORS ANALYSIS BASED ON MODIS AND HJ-1-B DATA

Using HJ-1-B 30-m observation as "ground truth" to calculate the percentage of snow cover for MODIS 480-m cells,this paper present an algorithm for MODIS data to obtain sub-pixel snow cover information based on a regression relationship between MODIS 480-m NDSI observation and fractional snow cover.The application of this method is tested in three regions located in Yushu,Qinghai province.The overall results indicate that the relationship between fractional snow cover and NDSI is reasonably robust with a mean absolute error less than 0.2. Fanally,based on snow cover information,this paper puts forward the land surface temperature(LST) and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) as the two correlation factors related to percentage of snow cover.The analysis indicates that there is a significant negative correlation between them.Therefore,the results lays a foundation for extracting snow cover information based on multi-factor.
SEED BANKING AND VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE IN PASTURE RESTORATION IN CENTRAL FLORIDA

of Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science SEED BANKING AND VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE IN PASTURE RESTORATION IN CENTRAL FLORIDA By Amy Miller Jenkins December 2003 Chair: Doria R. Gordon Major Department: Natural Resources and Environment Increasing efforts to restore longleaf pine systems that have been converted to non-native pasture grasses are underway in Florida. Native vegetation does not recover quickly in abandoned pastures unless restoration efforts are introduced. The goal of this study was to examine the contribution of relict seed banks and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) fungi in pasture restoration sites in central Florida. I compared the seed bank in a restoration site and an adjacent flatwoods and evaluated the mycorrhizal inoculation potential (MIP) of three restoration areas in different stages of progress. In Chapter 2, I investigated the species composition of the soil seed bank in a pasture restoration area and adjacent pine flatwoods. In this study, I examined the seed bank with germination and direct count assays and evaluated the aboveground vegetative species composition of the restoration area 6 months post-sowing. The restoration and flatwoods seed banks differed in species composition. The restoration soils had more non-native and weedy native species, while the flatwoods had more native species
Filling in the Gaps: Efficient Event Coreference Resolution using Graph Autoencoder Networks

We introduce a novel and efficient method for Event Coreference Resolution (ECR) applied to a lower-resourced language domain. By framing ECR as a graph reconstruction task, we are able to combine deep semantic embeddings with structural coreference chain knowledge to create a parameter-efficient family of Graph Autoencoder models (GAE). Our method significantly outperforms classical mention-pair methods on a large Dutch event coreference corpus in terms of overall score, efficiency and training speed. Additionally, we show that our models are consistently able to classify more difficult coreference links and are far more robust in low-data settings when compared to transformer-based mention-pair coreference algorithms.
Good Governance: Reforming Civil Service of Pakistan

An effective and proficient civil service is cornerstone for good governance in the country. Civil Service Reforms not only include recruitment and training but also involves deliberate changes to the structures and processes of public sector organizations with the purpose of good governance in political realm, economic, legislative, judicial and humans’ governance. It is a continuous process with no general starting point, and equally no end. The reform package begins with redefining the role of the state including an objective assessment of current political needs, capability and effectiveness of the state from where must flow institutional and civil service reforms rather than isolated arbitrary decisions. Moreover, their recommendations usually covered short-term priorities without addressing key issues faced by the civil services. A gradual holistic restructuring of the existing bureaucratic institutions is recommended which is well integrated and time bound in all tiers of government. Specific reforms pertaining to realignment of Public Service Commission, human resource management, civil services hiring procedure, civil officers’ training and performance appraisal system, promotion mechanism, civil servants’ compensation and accountability have been stipulated.