Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stratigraphic Noise in Time Series Derived from Ice Cores

Because of snow drifting, two time series of any variable derived from two adjacent ice cores will differ considerably. The size and statistical nature of this noise element is discussed for two kinds of measured substance. A theory is developed and compared to data from Greenland and Canadian Arctic ice cores. In case 1, the measured substance can diffuse and the seasonal cycle degrade with time and depth, e.g. δ(18O). In case 2, the measured substance cannot diffuse, e.g. microparticles. The case 2 time series contain drift noise proportional to that in the accumulation series. For accumulation series, the spectral power is concentrated at the high frequencies, i.e. is “blue”. Such noise can be easily reduced by taking relatively short time averages. The noise in the case 1 time series, however, starts out “blue” but quickly diffuses to have a “red” character with significant power at longer wavelengths, and many decades of such series must be averaged to reduce the noise level. Because the seasonal amplitude of any given variable is an important input to the drift noise and because the seasonal amplitudes of some variable types are latitude-dependent, some sites have inherently less drift noise than others.
A Sand County Almanac: With Essays on Conservation

Aldo Leopold's A Sand County Almanac has enthralled generations of nature lovers and conservationists and is indeed revered by everyone seriously interested in protecting the natural world. Hailed for prose that is "full of beauty and vigor and bite" (The New York Times), it is perhaps the finest example of nature writing since Thoreau's Walden. Now this classic work is available in a completely redesigned and lavishly illustrated gift edition, featuring over one hundred beautiful full-color pictures by Michael Sewell, one of the country's leading nature photographers. Sewell, whose work has graced the pages of Audubon and Sierra magazines, walked Leopold's property in Wisconsin and shot these photographs specifically for this edition, allowing readers to see Sand County as Leopold saw it. The resulting layout is spectacular. But the heart of the book remains Leopold's carefully rendered observations of nature. Here we follow Leopold throughout the year, from January to December, as he walks about the rural Wisconsin landscape, watching a woodcock dance skyward in golden afternoon light, or spying a rough-legged hawk dropping like a feathered bomb on its prey. And perhaps most important are Leopold's trenchant comments throughout the book on our abuse of the land and on what we must do to preserve this invaluable treasure. This edition also includes two of Leopold's most eloquent essays on conservation, "The Land Ethic" and "Marshland Elegy. " With this gift edition of A Sand County Almanac, a new generation of readers can walk beside one of America's most respected naturalists as he conveys the beauty of a marsh before sunrise or the wealth of history to be found in an ancient oak.
Variability of fault slip behavior along the San Andreas Fault in the San Juan Bautista Region

An improved understanding of the time history of fault slip at depth is an essential step toward understanding the underlying mechanics of the faulting process. Using a waveform cross‐correlation approach, we document spatially and temporally varying fault slip along the northernmost creeping section of the San Andreas Fault near San Juan Bautista (SJB), California, by systematically examining spatiotemporal behaviors of characteristically repeating earthquakes (CREs). The spatial distribution of pre‐1998 SJB earthquake (1984–1998) fault slip rate inferred from the CREs reveals a ~15 km long low creep or partially locked section located near the 1998 Mw 5.1 SJB earthquake rupture. A finite‐fault slip inversion reveals that the rupture of the 1998 SJB earthquake is characterized by the failure of a compact ~4 km2 asperity with a maximum slip of about 90 cm and corresponding peak stress drop of up to 50 MPa, whereas the mean stress drop is about 15 MPa. Following the 1998 earthquake, the CRE activity was significantly increased in a 5–10 km deep zone extending 2–7 km northwest of the main shock, which indicates triggering of substantial aseismic slip. The postseismic slip inferred from the CRE activity primarily propagated to the northwest and released a maximum slip of 9 cm. In this 5–10 km depth range, the estimated postseismic moment release is 8.6 × 1016 N m, which is equivalent to Mw 5.22. The aseismic slip distribution following the 1998 earthquake is not consistent with coseismic stress‐driven afterslip but represents a triggered, long‐lasting slow earthquake.
Screening in brief intervention trials targeting excessive drinkers in general practice: systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Objective To determine the effectiveness of programmes of screening in general practice for excessive alcohol use and providing brief interventions. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials that used screening as a precursor to brief intervention. Setting General practice. Main outcome measures Number needed to treat, proportion of patients positive on screening, proportion given brief interventions, and effect of screening. Results The eight studies included for meta-analysis all used health questionnaires for screening, and the brief interventions included feedback, information, and advice. The studies contained several sources of bias that might lead to overestimates of the effects of intervention. External validity was compromised because typically three out of four people identified by screening as excessive users of alcohol did not qualify for the intervention after a secondary assessment. Overall, in 1000 screened patients, 90 screened positive and required further assessment, after which 25 qualified for brief intervention; after one year 2.6 (95% confidence interval 1.7 to 3.4) reported they drank less than the maximum recommended level. Conclusions Although even brief advice can reduce excessive drinking, screening in general practice does not seem to be an effective precursor to brief interventions targeting excessive alcohol use. This meta-analysis raises questions about the feasibility of screening in general practice for excessive use of alcohol.
Federated Deep Equilibrium Learning: A Compact Shared Representation for Edge Communication Efficiency

Federated Learning (FL) is a prominent distributed learning paradigm facilitating collaboration among nodes within an edge network to co-train a global model without centralizing data. By shifting computation to the network edge, FL offers robust and responsive edge-AI solutions and enhance privacy-preservation. However, deploying deep FL models within edge environments is often hindered by communication bottlenecks, data heterogeneity, and memory limitations. To address these challenges jointly, we introduce FeDEQ, a pioneering FL framework that effectively employs deep equilibrium learning and consensus optimization to exploit a compact shared data representation across edge nodes, allowing the derivation of personalized models specific to each node. We delve into a unique model structure composed of an equilibrium layer followed by traditional neural network layers. Here, the equilibrium layer functions as a global feature representation that edge nodes can adapt to personalize their local layers. Capitalizing on FeDEQ's compactness and representation power, we present a novel distributed algorithm rooted in the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) consensus optimization and theoretically establish its convergence for smooth objectives. Experiments across various benchmarks demonstrate that FeDEQ achieves performance comparable to state-of-the-art personalized methods while employing models of up to 4 times smaller in communication size and 1.5 times lower memory footprint during training.
User testing to modify the MyHealthyGut digital health application for inflammatory bowel disease

Introduction Inflammatory bowel disease, characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation, can be subcategorized into Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The treatment for these conditions is unique to each patient and may include lifestyle changes, pharmaceutical intervention, and surgery. Lifestyle changes, such as dietary intervention, are a cornerstone of inflammatory bowel disease symptom management. Given the daily burden of this disease, self-management is paramount in coping with and/or minimizing symptoms. The MyHealthyGut application, successfully proven to be a self-management tool for celiac disease, shows promise for use in an inflammatory bowel disease patient population. Objective To conduct user testing to gather valuable insights for the development of an IBD-focused version of the existing MyHealthyGut app. Methods Participants included inflammatory bowel disease patients and healthcare practitioners. Participants used the application for a 2-week period, followed by participation in a focus group or individual interview to provide feedback. Qualitative questionnaires were administered verbally and feedback was recorded. Thematic analysis techniques were used for data quantification and analysis. Results 15 participants were recruited and enrolled. Of these, 14 participants took part in the focus group and/or individual interviews. The feedback suggested changes related to clinical uses, food and symptom tracking, ease of use, and educational content. All (100%) participants reported that they would either use the application themselves or recommend it to patients, once their suggestions were implemented. Conclusion Through user testing and feedback collection, priorities for app modification were identified. Areas for modification in the app functions and features, ease of use, and content were identified. Once updated to meet the needs of inflammatory bowel disease patients, the MyHealthyGut app may be a useful tool for IBD self-management.
Polarisation et internationalisation des activités d'innovation: incidences sur la spécialisation technologique des nations

At the level of both national and local territories, the cumulative processes of the technological specialization of countries accompany the tendency towards a spatial polarization of innovative activities. Until the eighties, the technological specialization of regions was not thwarted by the process of globalization, since firms integrated their innovative activities in their home country. However, since the nineties, the establishment of R&D activities abroad partly corresponds to consideration concerning the access to competences. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the globalization of technology will have destabilizing effects on the technological specialization profiles of countries. Our contention is that it will not, as countries are the latter being strongly path-dependent since innovation and production systems remain deeply rooted in territories. In this perspective, the process of globalization will rather deepen the cognitive dimension of the international division of labor.
Lyra: Orchestrating Dual Correction in Automated Theorem Proving

Large Language Models (LLMs) present an intriguing avenue for exploration in the field of formal theorem proving. Nevertheless, their full potential, particularly concerning the mitigation of hallucinations and refinement through prover error messages, remains an area that has yet to be thoroughly investigated. To enhance the effectiveness of LLMs in the field, we introduce the Lyra, a new framework that employs two distinct correction mechanisms: Tool Correction (TC) and Conjecture Correction (CC). To implement Tool Correction in the post-processing of formal proofs, we leverage prior knowledge to utilize predefined prover tools (e.g., Sledgehammer) for guiding the replacement of incorrect tools. Tool Correction significantly contributes to mitigating hallucinations, thereby improving the overall accuracy of the proof. In addition, we introduce Conjecture Correction, an error feedback mechanism designed to interact with prover to refine formal proof conjectures with prover error messages. Compared to the previous refinement framework, the proposed Conjecture Correction refines generation with instruction but does not collect paired (generation, error&refinement) prompts. Our method has achieved state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance on both miniF2F validation (48.0% ->55.3%) and test (45.5% ->51.2%). We also present 3 IMO problems solved by Lyra. We believe Tool Correction (post-process for hallucination mitigation) and Conjecture Correction (subgoal adjustment from interaction with environment) could provide a promising avenue for future research in this field.
Amostragem de terra para fins de fertilidade em função da ferramenta de amostragem

Embora existam indicacoes de que a pa de corte proporcione melhor qualidade de amostragem de terra para fins de analise de fertilidade, seu manuseio demanda muito tempo. No presente trabalho foram comparados os resultados da analise quimica de terra proveniente de 15 areas distintas, cujas amostras foram obtidas com cinco tipos de trado e com pa de corte. Tambem foram comparados o tempo demandado para a realizacao do trabalho e o volume de terra coletado com as diferentes ferramentas, em dois solos de texturas distintas. O tempo medio de amostragem foi estimado, avaliando-se o tempo gasto por seis pessoas para tomar dez amostras. Para o estudo de qualidade de resultados foram amostradas 15 areas, com solos, manejos e niveis de fertilidade distintos, de modo a se obter grande variacao entre os valores das caracteristicas avaliadas. As amostragens constaram da estratificacao por profundidades e amostras de 0 a 20 cm de profundidade no teste de tempo. A amostragem com a pa de corte demora de 1,3 a 2,3 vezes mais do que com os trados. Para os valores de pH, materia orgânica, acidez do solo, Al trocavel e P disponivel, os resultados foram equivalentes para todas as ferramentas empregadas. Entretanto, para as bases do solo (Ca, Mg e K), as ferramentas empregadas resultaram, na maioria das vezes, em resultados diferentes dos obtidos pela pa de corte.
Internal Ecologies and the Limits of Local Biologies: A Political Ecology of Tuberculosis in the Time of AIDS

South Africa is known for its high rates of HIV and tuberculosis (TB), where HIV has provided fertile ground for the transmission of TB. Indeed, HIV–TB coinfection is widely understood as one of the, if not the, biggest health problems in the country. In practice, doctors and nurses understand that unusual cases of tuberculosis indicate HIV and they make diagnosis and treatment plans accordingly. International treatment standards and protocols inform this practice as doctors pay little attention to individual people and the political–economic, cultural, social, and environmental contexts in which they live. Political ecology, with its nested, place-based analysis, provides an excellent framework for understanding health in South Africa in the context of poverty; local understandings; and global policies, protocols, and priorities. To develop a political ecology of health, this article builds on the concept of local biologies, which understands health at the community scale as simultaneously biological, cultural, and social. Illustrated with the story of one HIV-negative woman's case of miliary TB, this article incorporates local biologies into a political ecology of health that mobilizes scales from the global to the “internal ecologies” of individual bodies. Centering its analysis on the place of the body, this article offers surprising insights into the HIV/AIDS epidemic. By examining the science of miliary tuberculosis alongside population-scale understandings of HIV–TB coinfection in a specific context, this article challenges the way we understand the health impacts of HIV/AIDS, suggesting that the epidemic has negative health implications even for those who are HIV negative.
Molecular insights into differentiated ligand recognition of the human parathyroid hormone receptor 2

Significance The high-resolution cryogenic electron microscopy structure of the human parathyroid hormone receptor 2 (PTH2R), in complex with an endogenous tuberoinfundibular peptide (TIP39) and a heterotrimeric Gs protein, reveals that the unique loop conformation at the N terminus of TIP39 is indispensable for PTH2R activation, as the deletion of which results in a potent PTH2R antagonist TIP(7-39). The naturally occurring mutation G258D impairs the receptor signaling such as cAMP accumulation. This finding provides a potential molecular mechanism for syndromic short stature. The parathyroid hormone receptor 2 (PTH2R) is a class B1 G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) involved in the regulation of calcium transport, nociception mediation, and wound healing. Naturally occurring mutations in PTH2R were reported to cause hereditary diseases, including syndromic short stature. Here, we report the cryogenic electron microscopy structure of PTH2R bound to its endogenous ligand, tuberoinfundibular peptide (TIP39), and a heterotrimeric Gs protein at a global resolution of 2.8 Å. The structure reveals that TIP39 adopts a unique loop conformation at the N terminus and deeply inserts into the orthosteric ligand-binding pocket in the transmembrane domain. Molecular dynamics simulation and site-directed mutagenesis studies uncover the basis of ligand specificity relative to three PTH2R agonists, TIP39, PTH, and PTH-related peptide. We also compare the action of TIP39 with an antagonist lacking six residues from the peptide N terminus, TIP(7-39), which underscores the indispensable role of the N terminus of TIP39 in PTH2R activation. Additionally, we unveil that a disease-associated mutation G258D significantly diminished cAMP accumulation induced by TIP39. Together, these results not only provide structural insights into ligand specificity and receptor activation of class B1 GPCRs but also offer a foundation to systematically rationalize the available pharmacological data to develop therapies for various disorders associated with PTH2R.
The Depsipeptide Romidepsin Reverses HIV-1 Latency In Vivo

Pharmacologically-induced activation of replication competent proviruses from latency in the presence of antiretroviral treatment (ART) has been proposed as a step towards curing HIV-1 infection. However, until now, approaches to reverse HIV-1 latency in humans have yielded mixed results. Here, we report a proof-of-concept phase Ib/IIa trial where 6 aviremic HIV-1 infected adults received intravenous 5 mg/m2 romidepsin (Celgene) once weekly for 3 weeks while maintaining ART. Lymphocyte histone H3 acetylation, a cellular measure of the pharmacodynamic response to romidepsin, increased rapidly (maximum fold range: 3.7–7.7 relative to baseline) within the first hours following each romidepsin administration. Concurrently, HIV-1 transcription quantified as copies of cell-associated un-spliced HIV-1 RNA increased significantly from baseline during treatment (range of fold-increase: 2.4–5.0; p = 0.03). Plasma HIV-1 RNA increased from <20 copies/mL at baseline to readily quantifiable levels at multiple post-infusion time-points in 5 of 6 patients (range 46–103 copies/mL following the second infusion, p = 0.04). Importantly, romidepsin did not decrease the number of HIV-specific T cells or inhibit T cell cytokine production. Adverse events (all grade 1–2) were consistent with the known side effects of romidepsin. In conclusion, romidepsin safely induced HIV-1 transcription resulting in plasma HIV-1 RNA that was readily detected with standard commercial assays demonstrating that significant reversal of HIV-1 latency in vivo is possible without blunting T cell-mediated immune responses. These finding have major implications for future trials aiming to eradicate the HIV-1 reservoir. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov NTC02092116
Home hours in the United States and Europe

Abstract Using data from the Multinational Time Use Study, this paper documents the trend and level of time allocation, with a focus on home hours, for the US and European countries. Three patterns emerge. First, home hours per person have declined in both the US and European countries over the past 50 years. Second, female time allocation contributes more to the difference in time allocation per person between the US and European countries than does male time allocation. Third, the time allocation between the US and European countries is more similar for prime-age individuals than for young and old individuals.
Thomas Cook 150 Years of Popular Tourism

Drawing on original material, this is an account of the founders of popular tourism, Thomas Cook and his son John, and of the firm they created, which is now 150 years old. The growth of tourism, with all its benefits and dangers, comedies and snobberies, is a central theme of the book.
Structural and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility records of granitoid sheets emplacement during growth of a continental gneiss dome (Central Sudetes, European Variscan Belt)

Granitoid magmatic sheets emplaced syntectonically during growth of the Orlica‐Śnieżnik mantled gneiss dome (Central Sudetes, European Variscan belt) were examined by means of structural geology, quartz, and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) fabric studies. Magmatic emplacement was localized along the eastern transpressive margin of the high metamorphic core and below the low‐grade detached mantle rimming the southern margin of the dome. In the first area, the magmatic sheets were emplaced parallel to the dilated subhorizontal foliation of an anisotropic pre‐orogenic block. The resulting melt‐host rock multilayer localized the transpressive zone along which the bulk of magma was emplaced. The AMS study shows an across‐strike fabric zonation underlying a strongly transpressive solid‐state deformation in the hanging‐wall, magmatic subhorizontal fabric in the foot‐wall and a transitional fabric in the center of the intrusion. In contrast, along the southern dome margin, magmatic sheets intruded along steep foliations of weakly metamorphic mantle rocks, and are affected by recumbent folding and subhorizontal shearing. The bulk of the sheets present a shallow‐dipping magmatic foliation and an along‐strike magmatic lineation. The variations of the quartz and magnetic fabrics are attributed to superimposition of pure shear‐dominated ductile thinning followed by simple shear‐dominated detachment onto the original steep fabric. AMS modeling confirms the role of variation of orientation of pre‐intrusive anisotropy during progressive deformation on the resulting fabric pattern and helps explaining observed variations in fabric orientations and symmetries. This study highlights contrasting mechanical behavior of syntectonically emplaced magmas in different parts of a growing crustal‐scale mantled gneiss dome.
‘Travel in parallel with us for a while’: sensory geographies of autism

Drawing on autobiographies by authors with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs), we consider how ASD authors use travel analogies and spatial metaphors to explore questions of difference in autistic sensory experience. ASD authors often appeal to the geographical imagination in an effort to communicate with ‘neuro-typical’ others for whom autistic behaviour can seem so peculiar as to be almost alien. Blurring the boundaries between pathology and normality, ASD authors counter typically negative and/or dismissive assessments of deficiency, disability and deviance with explanations of reasonable difference in environmental response. This paper takes up the challenge of ASD authors to ‘travel in parallel’, circumventing biomedical ‘checkpoints’, if only temporarily, in order to better understand the construction and experience of autistic lifeworlds, wherein spatial and embodied coherence is challenged at every turn and ‘sensory mapping’ is a means of survival. Rather than viewing perceptual and processing challenges characteristic of ASDs as problems to be fixed, we suggest non-autistic others might instead attempt to understand and appreciate sensory diversity in, and on, authors' own terms.