Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IRRIGATION VOLUME AND FERTILIZER RATE INFLUENCE GROWTH AND LEACHING FRACTION FROM CONTAINER-GROWN GARDENIA JASMINOIDES©

INTRODUCTION Over irrigating is a common problem in container-plant production because of poor uniformity and efficiency of irrigation systems (Fare et al., 1992) and the preference of growers to deal with the consequences of applying too much water vs. too little (Yeager et al., 2010). Along with this, many growers apply large amounts of fertilizer out of concern that lower fertilizer applications could negatively impact growth (Owen et al., 2008; Tyler et al., 1996). The combination often excessive irrigation and high fertilizer rates leads to significant leaching of fertilizers, which has a negative environmental impact as the leachate enters local ecosystems (Lea-Cox and Ross, 2001). Many states now have laws and regulations regarding nutrient runoff from nurseries necessitating that growers better manage the irrigation and fertilization applications (Beeson et al., 2004). Growers have already adopted more effective irrigation practices including cyclic irrigation, drip irrigation, and grouping similar sized containers (Yeager et al., 2010; Tyler et al., 1996). Better management practices for fertilization and nutrient leaching have also been adopted, including using controlled-release fertilizers that last throughout the production period and monitoring substrate nutrient levels (Yeager et al., 2010). However, to irrigate and fertilize more efficiently more research is needed examining how plant growth is affected by reduced irrigation and fertilization. It seems likely that fertilizer inputs can be reduced if irrigation is applied more efficiently because more efficient irrigation reduces leaching. With reduced leaching, more fertilizer remains in the container and available to the plant. Our objective was to determine how irrigation volume and fertilizer rate affect growth and leaching fraction of Gardenia jasminoides. Our hypothesis is that more efficient irrigation can reduce the fertilizer requirements without impacting plant growth, while reducing the leaching fraction.
Origination, survivorship, and extinction of rudist taxa

Rudists arose in the Late Jurassic and survived for nearly 100 m.y. before becoming extinct at the end of the Cretaceous. Over this interval they diversified gradually during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, rapidly in the mid-Cretaceous, then more slowly in the Late Cretaceous. Total rates of origination and extinction during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous were uniform and comparable to those reported for other groups. The Late Cretaceous, however, was characterized by high and widely fluctuating total origination and extinction rates. Per taxon rates reveal a similar pattern except for high and variable rates in the Jurassic. The number of genera increased from the Oxfordian to a peak in the Cenomanian, decreased in the Turonian and Coniacian coinciding with a minor mass extinction event, and rose to a zenith in the Maastrichtian. Unlike other groups investigated, the rudists were at their highest level of diversity immediately prior to their disappearance. Rudist genera survived for a mean of 12 m.y. , whereas families survived for a mean of 48 m.y. Survivorship curves for generic cohorts, based upon survival of all rudist genera that evolved during each stage, exhibit a concave shape when the effects of mass extinction and variance at low diversities are considered. Causal factors involved in the final disappearance of the rudists remain unclear; however, their tropical provinciality in the Late Cretaceous contributed to their vulnerability to mass extinction.
Security of 6G-Enabled Vehicle-to-Everything Communication in Emerging Federated Learning and Blockchain Technologies

Sixth-generation (6G) communication is emerging as a seamless and massive connection of almost all digital devices. Vehicles, which are extensively linked with human mobility, must keep up with a certain technological pace to maintain compatibility with the 6G era. 6G is also expected to potentially revolutionize Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication. However, this modernization will surface several security challenges in the complex heterogeneous architecture of V2X communication in 6G. Similarly, the expansion of V2X is expected to introduce its own unconventional security risks and vulnerabilities. Therefore, the current paper aims to provide an overview of the security challenges associated with and solutions for V2X communication in the upcoming 6G era to visualize the future of this research domain. This paper discusses the architecture and standards utilized in 6G-enabled V2X communications and provisions a comprehensive analysis of V2X security in the Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability, Authentication, and Access Control (CIA3) domains. Through this process, we analyze the impact of the emerging technological concepts of Blockchain and Federated Learning (FL) in 6G-enabled V2X communication. Therefore, we propose a Blockchain-enabled FL-based generic security architecture for V2X communication in 6G networks. Ultimately, this review highlights the key lessons that have been learned and the future research directions in the domain of security of V2X communications in the 6G including Privacy in 3D Fog Computing, Privacy in Augmented Reality, Secure Software Defined Networking (SDN), Physical Layer Security in the THz Spectrum, SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility), and Intrusion Detection using AI.
A study of earthquake mechanism using S wave data

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to determine from the seismograms of a tectonic earthquake the line of the motion which generated the observed S waves (tectonically, the A axis). By noting certain geometrical relationships between the faulting motion and the emitted S waves, it is possible to derive a method which determines the line of the generating motion from observations of the generated S waves. The results of the application of the proposed method of S wave analysis should, theoretically, make it possible to determine which of the two solutions given by the P wave method of analyzing the tectonic mechanism of earthquakes is the correct solution. The proposed procedure is applied to data collected from the original seismograms of four earthquakes as recorded at seismic observatories throughout the world. There is such poor agreement between the S wave results and the previous P wave solutions that it is necessary to conclude that one or more of the following is true: either the mechanism assumed is not the type actually occurring; the phase identified as the S wave does not correspond to the first P wave motion; the P wave method is incorrect or inadequate; or the S wave method is incorrect or inadequate. To select among the various possibilities necessitates a discussion of the relative merits, defects, and potentialities of the two methods.
Analysis of lateral running of small crawler transporter on slope

The lateral climbing force of a crawler transporter is analyzed with the help of relevant theoretical formulas. Discrete element software and multi-body dynamics software were used to carry out coupling simulation for tracked vehicles, and orthogonal test was used to analyze the main and secondary factors affecting the lateral climbing of tracked vehicles. The results show that the main factors affecting the lateral climbing of tracked transporters are respectively the track gauge, the lateral deviation of the center of gravity and the vertical height of the center of gravity.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANEMIA IN PREGNANT WOMEN AND THE RISK OF STUNTING

Pregnant women who are anemic are one of the opportunities for the risk prevalence of stunting. This research was conducted to determine the relationship between anemia in pregnant women and the risk of stunting in Bima Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. This type of research is Correlative Analytical with a cross-sectional study approach. The population in this study was all pregnant women with anemia from September 2022 to May 2023, namely 54 people, with an accidental sampling technique, so the number of samples obtained was 48 people. This research consists of a dependent variable and an independent variable. The dependent variable is the risk of stunting, while the independent variable is Anemia in Pregnant Women. To determine anemia in pregnant women, a measuring instrument in the form of a pregnancy control book is used, while to determine the risk of stunting, a questionnaire is used. The data collection technique used is by using primary data and secondary data. The type of primary data collected in this research is measured directly on respondents using a questionnaire. Meanwhile, secondary data consists of data on the number of anemic pregnant. Data analysis in this study consisted of univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. Bivariate analysis used the chi-square statistical test. The results of the study show that there is a relationship between anemia in pregnant women and the risk of stunting with a P value = 0.03 Keywords: Anemia, Pregnancy, Stunting Risk
Analysis of the Operation Mechanism of Superjunction in RC-IGBT and a Novel Snapback-Free Partial Schottky Collector Superjunction RC-IGBT

This paper explores the operation mechanism of the superjunction structure in RC-IGBTs based on carrier distribution and analyzes the advantages and challenges associated with its application in RC-IGBTs for the first time. A Partial Schottky Collector Superjunction Reverse Conduction IGBT (PSC-SJ-RC-IGBT) is proposed to address these issues. The new structure eliminates the snapback phenomenon. Furthermore, by leveraging the unipolar conduction of the Schottky diode and its fast turn-off characteristics, the proposed device significantly reduces the turn-off power consumption and reverse recovery charge. With medium pillar doping concentration, the turn-off loss of the PSC-SJ-RC-IGBT decreases by 54.1% compared to conventional superjunction RC-IGBT, while the reverse recovery charge is reduced by 52.6%.
Sox10-Deficient Drug-Resistant Melanoma Cells Are Refractory to Oncolytic RNA Viruses

Targeted therapy resistance frequently develops in melanoma due to intratumor heterogeneity and epigenetic reprogramming. This also typically induces cross-resistance to immunotherapies. Whether this includes additional modes of therapy has not been fully assessed. We show that co-treatments of MAPKi with VSV-based oncolytics do not function in a synergistic fashion; rather, the MAPKis block infection. Melanoma resistance to vemurafenib further perturbs the cells’ ability to be infected by oncolytic viruses. Resistance to vemurafenib can be induced by the loss of SOX10, a common proliferative marker in melanoma. The loss of SOX10 promotes a cross-resistant state by further inhibiting viral infection and replication. Analysis of RNA-seq datasets revealed an upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in SOX10 knockout populations and targeted therapy-resistant cells. Interestingly, the induction of ISGs appears to be independent of type I IFN production. Overall, our data suggest that the pathway mediating oncolytic resistance is due to the loss of SOX10 during acquired drug resistance in melanoma.
The Trend of Diarrhea in Kodi and Kodi Utara Subdistricts, Sumba Barat Daya District in 2013 and Its Related Factors

Diarrhea is one of the most frequent diseases occur globally, including Indonesia, with mostly infected children under five years old. Sumba Barat Daya (SBD) is one of area in Nusa TenggaraTimur (NTT) with limited water sources, including Kodi and Kodi Utara subdistricts. Kodi has riverthat is accessible for the population, while Kodi Utara has no clean water sources. The purpose ofthis study was to know the trend and prevalence of diarrhea in 2013, and its relation with age andthe availability of water sources Kodi and Kodi Utara, SBD district. This study used cross sectionaldesign using secondary data taken from local health service of SBD. This study found that numberof diarrhea cases in 2013 in the two subdistricts were fluctuated, with the highest cases belongedto population less than five years old. Prevalence of diarrhea in Kodi Utara (1.76%) was higherthan in Kodi (1.68%). Analytical test using chi square showed that prevalence of diarrhea in the twosubdistricts was significantly related to age (p 0.05). In conclusion, prevalence of diarrhea in Kodi and Kodi Utara was related to age, howeverit was not related with availability of water sources.
Modeling Human Interactions in Indoor Environments

A laser range-finder-based system for tracking people in indoor environments and detecting interactions between them is presented. The system does not use identities of people for tracking. Each track obtained from the laser is converted into a sequence of discrete displacements. Activities are represented as probability distributions over the discrete space of displacements. An entropy-based measure (Jensen-Shannon divergence [17]) is used to recursively segment tracks of individuals into distinct activities. Pairs of co-occurring activities are compared using the KullbackLeibler divergence [9] between their corresponding probability distributions and similar distributions are flagged as representing possible interactions. This system thus enables us to build a model of the pattern of human interactions that occur in an indoor environment. Experimental results from two environments (a laboratory and a corridor) are described.
Sonographic and clinicopathologic features of metaplastic breast carcinoma and infiltrating ductal carcinoma: a comparative single-center cohort study

Background The rarity of metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) has resulted in limited sonographic data. Given the inferior prognosis of MBC compared to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), accurate preoperative differentiation between the two is imperative for effective treatment planning and prognostic prediction. The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of MBC and differentiate it from IDC by analyzing sonographic and clinicopathologic features. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 197 women comprising 200 IDC lesions were enrolled between January 2012 and December 2021 and 20 women comprising 20 pure MBC lesions were enrolled between January 2019 and December 2019. A comparison was made between the sonographic and clinicopathologic characteristics of MBC and IDC. Results The results indicated that patients with MBC had a higher proportion of tumor grade 3 (95.0% vs. 32.5%; P<0.001), high Ki-67 expression (100.0% vs. 75.0%; P<0.001), and the triple-negative subtype (90.0% vs. 13.0%; P<0.001) as compared to those with IDC. On ultrasound (US) findings, MBC lesions tended to have a larger size (≥5 cm: 45.0% vs. 1.5%; P<0.001), regular shape (45.0% vs. 1.5%, P<0.001), circumscribed margin (40.0% vs. 0.5%, P<0.001), a complex cystic and solid echo pattern (50.0% vs. 3.5%; P<0.001), and posterior acoustic enhancement (95.0% vs. 14.5%; P<0.001). Additionally, MBC was more likely to be misinterpreted as a benign lesion by sonographers than was IDC (30.0% vs. 4.5%; P<0.001). Multilayer perceptron analysis revealed posterior acoustic enhancement, circumscribed margins, and size as distinguishing factors between these two tumor types. The estimated rates of local recurrence, distant metastasis, and 5-year overall survival in 19 cases with MBC were found to be 10.5%, 31.6%, and 65.0%, respectively. Conclusions MBC typically presents as a large breast mass with more benign US features in older women, findings which may facilitate its accurate diagnosis and differentiation from other breast masses.
The filament winding method’s finishing process impact on high-fidelity specimens: homogenity of density, fiber volume fraction, outer surface roughness and tensile strength

Filament winding is a widely used method for producing tubes and pressure vessels from composite materials. However, overlapping of fibers during the winding process can lead to rough surface and increased voids in the finished product. To improve the quality of CFRP materials produced through filament winding, the structure is cured either at room temperature or in an oven with a controlled heat profile, depending on the type of resin used. Various finishing techniques, including shrink tape, compression molding, and vacuum compression molding, have been attempted to improve the quality of the specimen. Among these techniques, vacuum compression molding has been found to deliver the best results in terms of surface roughness, with average roughness (Ra) values of 0.35 μm in the fiber direction and 0.61 μm in the transverse direction. This level of roughness is comparable to that achieved through milling machine manufacturing. Moreover, this technique ensures uniformity in fiber composition and volume fraction, achieving a homogeneous density of 1364.49 kg/m3 and the highest fiber volume fraction of 63 %. As a result, remarkable mechanical attributes, such as a tensile strength of 926.07 MPa and a stiffness of 21.35 GPa, can be obtained. In addition, by utilizing various finishing techniques, the tensile strength of these properties can be increased by up to 80 %. CFRP is a versatile material with unique characteristics, and selecting appropriate finishing techniques such as vacuum compression molding can significantly enhance its overall quality and mechanical properties. However, one drawback of the filament winding method is the poor outer surface finish which can be improved by vacuum compression molding
Physical Activity Is Associated with Physical Fitness and Executive Function among School Children in the Jiangxi Region of China

Previous studies have suggested that a positive relationship exists between physical activity (PA), physical fitness, and cognitive function in children and adolescents. However, research remains limited on the relationship among these three variables in Chinese individuals not living in big cities or specific regions. Therefore, this study investigated the association of PA with physical fitness and cognitive function (specifically, executive function) among 1100 children aged 9–12 years living in the Jiangxi region of China. Participants’ PA levels were measured using the PA questionnaire for older children. Physical fitness was assessed based on cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body mass index (BMI). Executive function was assessed using the Behavior Rating in Inventory of Executive Function questionnaire. Data were analyzed using one-way analyses of variance, Scheffé tests, one-way analyses of covariance, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients. The results showed that PA is significantly associated (p < 0.01) with cardiorespiratory endurance (r = 0.460), muscular endurance (r = 0.270), muscle strength (r = 0.190), BMI (r = −0.114), and executive function (r = −0.140). Moreover, all components of physical fitness and executive function differed significantly based on PA level, with and without age and sex as covariates (p < 0.05). Overall, our results highlight the importance of higher PA levels during childhood to improve physical fitness and cognitive function. Including the goal of improving health-related fitness factors, such as cardiorespiratory endurance and muscle strength, is particularly important in PA programs for children.
Pathways and mechanisms of offshore water intrusions on the Espírito Santo Basin shelf (18°S–22°S, Brazil)

The pathways and physical mechanisms associated with intrusions of cold, nutrient-rich South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) on the continental shelf of the Esp ırito Santo Basin (ESB), off southeast Brazil (188S–228S), are investigated. To this end, a set of process-oriented, Primitive-Equation (PE) numerical models are used, together with an independent and more complete PE model, available observations and simple theoretical ideas. SACW enters the model ESB shelf mostly through two preferential pathways along the Tubar~ao Bight (TB, 19.58S–228S). These pathways are found to be locations where an equatorward alongisobath pressure gradient force (PGFy*) of Oð1026 m s) develops in response to steady wind forcing. This equatorward PGFy* is essentially in geostrophic balance, inducing onshore flow across the shelf edge, and most of the shelf proper. The Brazil Current (BC) imparts an additional periodic (in the along-shelf direction) PGFy* on the shelf. The intrinsic pycnocline uplifting effect of the BC in making colder water available at the shelf edge is quantified. The BC also induces local intrusions by inertially overshooting the shelf edge, consistent with estimated Rossby numbers of 0.3–0.5. In addition, the planetary b-effect is related to a background equatorward PGFy*. A modified Arrested Topographic Wave model is shown to be a plausible rationalization for the shelf-wide spreading of the pressure field imparted by the BC at the shelf edge. The deep-ocean processes examined here are found to enhance the onshore transport of SACW, while wind forcing is found to dominate it at leading order.
Long-Term Survival Benefits of Porcine versus Pericardial Bioprostheses in Elderly Patients Undergoing Isolated Aortic Valve Replacement: A 32-Year Study.

BACKGROUND The elderly population is growing at an unprecedented rate. Aortic valve disease increases with age. Bioprostheses are the valves of choice for older patients; however, the optimal tissue valve remains undetermined. The purpose of this investigation was to perform a life-of-patient survival comparison of the prototypical porcine and pericardial prostheses in elderly patients. METHODS The study population (N = 1480) consisted of patients 65 years of age and older who underwent isolated aortic valve replacement from 1990 through 2005 with a Carpentier-Edwards Porcine (n = 650) or Pericardial (n = 830) bioprosthesis. Propensity score-matched groups were created. RESULTS Valve selection was not associated with operative mortality. Survival estimates at 10 years were better for Pericardial (41.8%; 95% CI: 37.9 to 45.7) than Porcine (32.6%; 95% CI: 28.8 to 36.3); and 5.2% (95% CI: 3.2 to 7.1) versus 2.0%; (95% CI: 0.8 to 3.2) at 20 years (p < 0.001). E-value analysis found minimal influence of unknown study confounders. Factors associated with long-term mortality were porcine valve (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001), preop renal insufficiency (p < 0.001), peripheral artery disease (p = 0.011), congestive heart failure (p = 0.003), New York Heart Association Class III or IV (p = 0.004), surgical history-reoperation (p = 0.012), transient ischemic attack (p = 0.009), prolonged ventilation (p = 0.010), postop renal insufficiency (p < 0.001), and atrial fibrillation (p = 0.009). The indexed Effective Orifice Area (EOAi) was assessed and did not influence observed long-term survival differences. CONCLUSIONS This unusual lifetime study provided substantial evidence for the superiority of the pericardial over the porcine bioprosthesis in the aortic position in elderly patients. It demonstrated enhanced long-term survival benefits for elderly patients without any increase in perioperative mortality. It is intended to inform future investigation into aortic valve design.