Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Recrystallization of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu Pb-Free Solder Alloy

This study examines microstructural recrystallization in Sn3.0Ag0. 5Cu (SAC305) solder joints due to isothermal, mechanical cycling. It is well known that after reflow SAC solder joints at length scales of 200 μm consist of only a few grains [1–3]. This coarse microstructure makes the joint mechanically inhomogeneous and anisotropic, and non-repeatable. Creep tests conducted on modified lap-shear SAC305 solder joints therefore show significant scatter in their results, because of piece-to-piece variability in the microstructural morphology [1]. However, results of cyclic fatigue tests of the same SAC305 solder joints show less significant scatter [4]. One possible hypothesis is that dynamic recrystallization occurs during the cycling, resulting in a much finer (and hence more isotropic, homogeneous and repeatable) microstructure. Recrystallization of solder has been reported to occur under thermal cycling [5–6]. The objective of this study is to assess the extent of recrystallization of SAC305 solder during isothermal mechanical cycling fatigue. Focused ion beam technology is used to prepare a very clean and even surface to reveal the SAC305 grains in modified lap-shear test specimens, both before and after isothermal mechanical cycling. Polarized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and focused ion beam microscopy are used to reveal the microstructure of these SAC305 solder joints. The results show that mechanical cycling produces the same type of recrystallization behavior of SAC solder, as has been reported in the literature for thermally cycled specimens [5–6]. The number of grains in the SAC305 solder joint changes from a few to hundreds, during mechanical cycling. As expected, the recrystallization is observed to be localized around cracks in the solder joint, where the local stresses are the highest. The minimal grain size near the cracked region is approximately 4–6 μm and the average grain size increases significantly with increasing distance from the crack face. The transition of solder from very few (non-homogeneous and anisotropic) to a homogenous recrystallized state may be one possible explanation for differences in the extent of scatter in the data from creep tests and isothermal mechanical fatigue tests.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Semi-analytical model for triangular skewed permanent magnet axial flux machine

Various design techniques are available for cogging torque reduction of permanent magnet radial flux machines. Most of them are applicable for axial flux permanent magnet machines. Due to the manufacturing ease of magnet for axial machine, additional freedom of magnet shaping for cogging reduction can be exploited. To achieve the reduction of the cogging torque, the magnet pole is varied from inner radius to outer radius, which results a shape of triangular magnet. In this paper, semi-analytical analysis for field solution is developed. The field solution is achieved by combining multi slice method and sub domain magnetic field analysis approach. Four different types of semi closed slots viz. parallel slots with parallel openings, parallel slots with trapezoidal openings, trapezoidal slots with parallel openings, and trapezoidal slots with trapezoidal openings are used for cogging torque investigation. The analytically obtained solution is validated with finite element analysis (FEA). It is found that the influence of slot's opening shape dominates on shape of slots.
Multi-controller Based Software-Defined Networking: A Survey

Software-defined networking (SDN) is a novel network paradigm that enables flexible management for networks. As the network size increases, the single centralized controller cannot meet the increasing demand for flow processing. Thus, the promising solution for SDN with large-scale networks is the multi-controller. In this paper, we present a compressive survey for multi-controller research in SDN. First, we introduce the overview of multi-controller, including the origin of multi-controller and its challenges. Then, we classify multi-controller research into four aspects (scalability, consistency, reliability, and load balancing) depending on the process of implementing the multi-controller. Finally, we propose some relevant research issues to deal with in the future and conclude the multi-controller research.
A 1- $\mu$ m Cylindrical Vector Beam Fiber Ring Laser Based on a Mode Selective Coupler

We propose and demonstrate a continuous-wave all-fiber ring laser generating cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) using a mode selective coupler (MSC) as transverse mode converter and mode splitter. The MSC is fabricated by a novel method free of pre-tapering, achieving LP11 mode with a high purity of >96% near the wavelength of 1064 nm. The CVB fiber laser operates at a center wavelength of 1053.9 nm, with a 3-dB linewidth of less than 0.04 nm and a signal-to-background ratio of >60 dB. The laser slope efficiency is >9%. The radially and azimuthally polarized beams can be switched by adjusting the polarization controllers in the fiber ring cavity, with a high mode purity measured to be >96%.
User Identification across Social Networks Based on Global View Features

Nowadays, people prefer to take part in multiple social networks to enjoy different kinds of services. Consequently, a significant task is to identify users across networks. Most state-of-the-art works on this issue exploit user local structure features (e.g., friend, follow and followed). In this paper, we first proposes the notion of user global view features, which represent the location of users in the network. Then, we present an iterative two-stage algorithm (GAUI) using Global view features with user Attribute features to solve User Identification. In GAUI, we iteratively update pairwise similarity and predict new matching users. Certainly, we present a community based core anchor link filter strategy to reduce the computation cost, and present a stable matching based mapping strategy to improve the accuracy. At last, the experiments conducted on two real-world aligned networks demonstrate that our method has better performance on precision and recall.
A Carbohydrate Moiety of Secreted Stage-Specific Glycoprotein 4 Participates in Host Cell Invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi Extracellular Amastigotes

Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiologic agent of Chagas’ disease. It is known that amastigotes derived from trypomastigotes in the extracellular milieu are infective in vitro and in vivo. Extracellular amastigotes (EAs) have a stage-specific surface antigen called Ssp-4, a GPI-anchored glycoprotein that is secreted by the parasites. By immunoprecipitation with the Ssp-4-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) 2C2 and 1D9, we isolated the glycoprotein from EAs. By mass spectrometry, we identified the core protein of Ssp-4 and evaluated mRNA expression and the presence of Ssp-4 carbohydrate epitopes recognized by mAb1D9. We demonstrated that the carbohydrate epitope recognized by mAb1D9 could promote host cell invasion by EAs. Although infectious EAs express lower amounts of Ssp-4 compared with less-infectious EAs (at the mRNA and protein levels), it is the glycosylation of Ssp-4 (identified by mAb1D9 staining only in infectious strains and recognized by galectin-3 on host cells) that is the determinant of EA invasion of host cells. Furthermore, Ssp-4 is secreted by EAs, either free or associated with parasite vesicles, and can participate in host-cell interactions. The results presented here describe the possible role of a carbohydrate moiety of T. cruzi surface glycoproteins in host cell invasion by EA forms, highlighting the potential of these moieties as therapeutic and vaccine targets for the treatment of Chagas’ disease.
The Signs and Significance of Personality Coherence in Personal Stories and Strivings

The concept of personality coherence refers to the extent of psychological unity and wholeness embodied within each individual. In the present research, we examined the extent to which the narrative, functional, and organismic conceptualizations of personality coherence interrelate, as well as their associations with psychological abilities and personal adjustment. College students (N = 391) narrated accounts of three personal memories; listed five personal strivings that they subsequently compared and evaluated; completed performance measures of their intelligence, wisdom, and creativity; and rated their hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Individuals who coherently organized their autobiographical memories were protected against feeling pressured or compelled in their personal strivings and against being steered toward need-detracting futures. Narrative indicators of coherence were otherwise independent of the functional and organismic indicators, although all indicators of personality coherence correlated with personal adjustment. Wisdom and creativity predicted narrative coherence, which partially mediated the associations they demonstrated with eudaimonic well-being.
Elastic buckling of gradient thin films on compliant substrates

Spontaneous buckling of films with either a thickness gradient or a material gradient offers a new opportunity for creating a variety of non-uniform undulating surface features with wide potential applications. The fundamental buckling mechanisms are explored both numerically and analytically in this article. When the loading direction is perpendicular to the gradient direction, Y-branched wrinkled channels are formed. When the load is parallel to the gradient direction, a transition from local to global buckle is observed as the load increases, and the resulting wavelength and amplitude are non-uniform in the loading direction. An analytical model is established which can effectively predict the buckling characteristics.
The miRNA Plasma Signature in Response to Acute Aerobic Exercise and Endurance Training

MiRNAs are potent intracellular posttranscriptional regulators and are also selectively secreted into the circulation in a cell-specific fashion. Global changes in miRNA expression in skeletal muscle in response to endurance exercise training have been reported. Therefore, our aim was to establish the miRNA signature in human plasma in response to acute exercise and chronic endurance training by utilizing a novel methodological approach. RNA was isolated from human plasma collected from young healthy men before and after an acute endurance exercise bout and following 12 weeks of endurance training. Global miRNA (742 miRNAs) measurements were performed as a screening to identify detectable miRNAs in plasma. Using customized qPCR panels we quantified the expression levels of miRNAs detected in the screening procedure (188 miRNAs). We demonstrate a dynamic regulation of circulating miRNA (ci-miRNA) levels following 0 hour (miR-106a, miR-221, miR-30b, miR-151-5p, let-7i, miR-146, miR-652 and miR-151-3p), 1 hour (miR-338-3p, miR-330-3p, miR-223, miR-139-5p and miR-143) and 3 hours (miR-1) after an acute exercise bout (P<0.00032). Where ci-miRNAs were all downregulated immediately after an acute exercise bout (0 hour) the 1 and 3 hour post exercise timepoints were followed by upregulations. In response to chronic training, we identified seven ci-miRNAs with decreased levels in plasma (miR-342-3p, let-7d, miR-766, miR-25, miR-148a, miR-185 and miR-21) and two miRNAs that were present at higher levels after the training period (miR-103 and miR-107) (P<0.00032). In conclusion, acute exercise and chronic endurance training, likely through specific mechanisms unique to each stimulus, robustly modify the miRNA signature of human plasma.
Frailty and chronic kidney disease: current evidence and continuing uncertainties

Abstract Frailty, the state of increased vulnerability to physical stressors as a result of progressive and sustained degeneration in multiple physiological systems, is common in those with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In fact, the prevalence of frailty in the older adult population is reported to be 11%, whereas the prevalence of frailty has been reported to be greater than 60% in dialysis-dependent CKD patients. Frailty is independently linked with adverse clinical outcomes in all stages of CKD and has been repeatedly shown to be associated with an increased risk of mortality and hospitalization. In recent years there have been efforts to create an operationalized definition of frailty to aid its diagnosis and to categorize its severity. Two principal concepts are described, namely the Fried Phenotype Model of Physical Frailty and the Cumulative Deficit Model of Frailty. There is no agreement on which frailty assessment approach is superior, therefore, for the time being, emphasis should be placed on any efforts to identify frailty. Recognizing frailty should prompt a holistic assessment of the patient to address risk factors that may exacerbate its progression and to ensure that the patient has appropriate psychological and social support. Adequate nutritional intake is essential and individualized exercise programmes should be offered. The acknowledgement of frailty should prompt discussions that explore the future care wishes of these vulnerable patients. With further study, nephrologists may be able to use frailty assessments to inform discussions with patients about the initiation of renal replacement therapy.
A generation method of filtering rules of Twitter via smartphone based Participatory Sensing system for tourist by interactive GHSOM and C4.5

Mobile Phone based Participatory Sensing (MPPS) systems involve a community of users sending personal information and participating in autonomous sensing through their mobile phones. Sensed data can also be obtained from external sensing devices that can communicate wirelessly to the phone. We have developed the tourist subjective data collection system with Android smartphone. The tourist can tweet the information of sightseeing spots by using the application. The application can determine the filtering rules to provide the important information of sightseeing spot. The rules are automatically generated by Interactive Growing Hierarchical SOM and C4.5.
Towards Interactive Mining of Understandable State Machine Models from Embedded Software

State machines are an established formalism for specifying the behavior of a software component. Unfortunately, such design models often do not exist at all, especially for legacy code, or they are lost or not kept up to date during software evolution – although they would be very helpful for program comprehension. Therefore, it is desirable to extract state machine models from code and also from legacy models. The few existing approaches for that – when applied to real-world systems written in C – deliver models that are too complex for being comprehensible to humans. This is mainly because C functions are typically much longer than object oriented methods, for which these approaches were originally intended. In this paper, we propose and investigate different measures to reduce the complexity of such mined models to an understandable degree. Since the code alone does not contain all required information for abstraction, user interaction is essential. Also, different users will be interested in different aspects of the code. Therefore, we introduce several possibilities for influencing the state machine extraction process, such as providing additional constraints for reducing the state space. We show the effectiveness of these interactions in several case studies. The combination of these interactions gives the user a rich set of possibilities for exploring the functionality of the software.
COMPOSITE RECONFIGURABLE ’ WIRELESS NETWORKS : THE EU R & D DIRECTIONS TOWARD 4 G 1 Empowering Next-Generation Wireless Personal Communication Networks

Next-generation wireless systems should provide to the user access to a broad range of services in a transparent way, independent of user location by making the technology invisible and embedded in the natural surroundings. Reaching this goal requires efficient cooperation between heterogeneous networking technologies and different protocols. Wireless personal networks are an integral part of such an emerging heterogeneous infrastructure. It is highly desirable, and in fact required due to economical constraints, to incorporate the present wireless systems in building the new paradigm. The key “protocol glue” between systems is the use of IP. Based on this scenario, we describe an architecture suited for the present and future personal mobile communications networks and services.
Framework for a chemical substance reporting system

Chemical regulations exist to control hazardous chemical substance use within society. As more chemical substances become more regulated, industry must adapt and develop mechanisms to analyze and report data on substances used on their own, in mixtures or within materials. A chemical substance reporting system is required to ensure compliance by identifying the chemical substances used within a product, which can then be compared against regulated chemical substance lists to identify potential business risks, as well as providing safety data to consumers. This paper contributes to material compliance reporting literature by identifying a research gap and presenting a framework model to enable chemical substance information to be collated (internal and external) to allow for accurate chemical substance reporting.
Developing sustainable research careers for KL2 scholars: The importance of an inclusive environment and mentorship

Introduction The National Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Consortium 2.0 has developed common metrics as a collaborative project for all participating sites. Metrics address several important aspects and functions of the consortium, including workforce development. The first workforce development metrics to be proposed for all CTSA hubs include the proportion of CTSA-supported trainees and scholars with sustainable careers in translational research and the diversity and inclusiveness of programs. Methods and results The University of Utah Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS), a CTSA hub, has been actively engaged in mentoring translational scientists for the last decade. We have developed programs, processes, and institutional policies that support translational scientists, which have resulted in 100% of our KL2 scholars remaining engaged in translational science and in increasing the inclusion of individuals under-represented in medicine in our research enterprise. In this paper, we share details of our program and what we believe are evidence-based best practices for developing sustainable translational research careers for all aspiring junior faculty members. Conclusions The University of Utah Center for Clinical and Translational Science has been integral in catalyzing interactions across the campus to reverse the negative trends seen nationally in sustaining clinician scientists. Our programs and processes can serve as a model for other institutions seeking to develop translational scientists.
Azo Dyes: Characterization and Toxicity- A Review

The emission of effluents from textile industries has been a major concern of the modern world, due to the great pollution that these effluents promote on the water resources. Among the synthetic dyes released in effluents from textile industries, azo dyes is one of the more detrimental classes because it is highly persistent in the aquatic environment, due to its chemical compositions, involving aromatic rings, azoic linkages and amino groups. This review aimed to gather information on the importance of the production and industrial use of azo dyes, as well as present some studies that have been developed to evaluate the toxicity of such chemical compounds and their metabolites on different living organisms. This paper presents some considerations on the importance of the biological treatment of textile effluents, the discovery of microorganisms capable of degrading azo dyes efficiently in order to reduce potential risks of these dyes to organisms and environment.
Design and Deployment of Low-Cost Sensors for Monitoring the Water Quality and Fish Behavior in Aquaculture Tanks during the Feeding Process

The monitoring of farming processes can optimize the use of resources and improve its sustainability and profitability. In fish farms, the water quality, tank environment, and fish behavior must be monitored. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a promising option to perform this monitoring. Nevertheless, its high cost is slowing the expansion of its use. In this paper, we propose a set of sensors for monitoring the water quality and fish behavior in aquaculture tanks during the feeding process. The WSN is based on physical sensors, composed of simple electronic components. The system proposed can monitor water quality parameters, tank status, the feed falling and fish swimming depth and velocity. In addition, the system includes a smart algorithm to reduce the energy waste when sending the information from the node to the database. The system is composed of three nodes in each tank that send the information though the local area network to a database on the Internet and a smart algorithm that detects abnormal values and sends alarms when they happen. All the sensors are designed, calibrated, and deployed to ensure its suitability. The greatest efforts have been accomplished with the fish presence sensor. The total cost of the sensors and nodes for the proposed system is less than 90 €.
Early Identification of Patients in Need of Palliative Care in Slovenian General Practice

Abstract Background To help general practitioners (GPs) in early identification of patients with palliative care (PC) needs, this pilot study aimed to determine the potential of the combined original surprise question (SQ1) (‘Would I be surprised if this patient died within the next 12 months? ’) and the second surprise question (SQ2) (‘Would I be surprised if this patient was still alive after 12 months? ’). We hypothesized that answering these SQs would trigger them to make a multidimensional care plan. Methods 26 Slovenian GPs, randomized into 4 groups, were invited to write a care plan for each of the four patients described in case vignettes (2 oncologic, 1 organ failure and 1 frailty case). GPs in group 1 were only asked to write a care plan for each patient. GPs in group 2 answered SQ1 and GPs in groups 3 and 4 answered SQ1 and SQ2 before writing the care plan. The type and number of PC aspects mentioned in the respective care plans were quantified into a numeric RADboud ANTicipatory (RADIANT) score. Results Mean RADIANT scores in groups 1-4 were 2.2, 3.6, 2.5 and 3.1, respectively. When comparing the different vignettes, vignette B (terminal oncologic patient) scored best (3.6). Mean RADIANT scores in groups 3 and 4 were slightly higher for GPs who would be surprised compared to GPs who would not be surprised if the patient was still alive in 12 months. Conclusion The combined SQs were considered helpful in the early identification of patients in need of PC in Slovenian general practice.
A Consumer Perspective on Digital Games: Factors for Successful Game Development

Contemporary digital game development companies offer a variety of games for diverse consumer tastes. One important game-development factor is considering the consumer perspective. Game development is a complex task, and measuring the consumer experience of games poses an additional challenge. For the successful development of high-quality digital games, the developer must consider and explore all related dimensions as well as discuss aspects with the stakeholders involved. The main contribution of this article is to investigate key consumer factors for digital games that have been reported in studies from the literature.