Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Progress and Application of Halide Perovskite Materials for Solar Cells and Light Emitting Devices

Halide perovskite materials have attracted worldwide attention in the photovoltaic area due to the rapid improvement in efficiency, from less than 4% in 2009 to 26.1% in 2023 with only a nanometer lever photo-active layer. Meanwhile, this nova star found applications in many other areas, such as light emitting, sensor, etc. This review started with the fundamentals of physics and chemistry behind the excellent performance of halide perovskite materials for photovoltaic/light emitting and the methods for preparing them. Then, it described the basic principles for solar cells and light emitting devices. It summarized the strategies including nanotechnology to improve the performance and the application of halide perovskite materials in these two areas: from structure–property relation to how each component in the devices affects the overall performance. Moreover, this review listed the challenges for the future applications of halide perovskite materials.
CNN-based image style transformation--Using VGG19

eural Style Transfer is a widely used approach in the field of computer vision, which aims to generate visual effects by integrating the information contained in one image into another. In this paper, this work presents an implementation of neural style transfer using TensorFlow and the VGG19 model. The proposed method involves loading and preprocessing the content and style images, extracting features from both images using the VGG19 model, and computing Gram matrices to capture the style information. A StyleContentModel class is introduced to encapsulate the style and content extraction process. The optimization process is performed using the Adam optimizer, where gradients are applied to iteratively update the generated image. The number of epochs and steps per epoch can be adjusted to control the optimization process and achieve desired results. Experiments show that we are effective in generating an image that is able to integrate the content of one image into the other. The generated images exhibit visually appealing characteristics and showcase the potential of neural style transfer as a creative tool in image synthesis. Future work may involve exploring different variations of the style transfer algorithm, optimizing hyperparameters, and evaluating the performance on a wider range of image datasets. Additionally, the integration of other deep learning architectures and techniques could further enhance the capabilities of neural style transfer.
The Power of Context: A Novel Hybrid Context-Aware Fake News Detection Approach

The detection of fake news has emerged as a crucial area of research due to its potential impact on society. In this study, we propose a robust methodology for identifying fake news by leveraging diverse aspects of language representation and incorporating auxiliary information. Our approach is based on the utilisation of Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) to capture contextualised semantic knowledge. Additionally, we employ a multichannel Convolutional Neural Network (mCNN) integrated with stacked Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units (sBiGRU) to jointly learn multi-aspect language representations. This enables our model to effectively identify valuable clues from news content while simultaneously incorporating content- and context-based cues, such as user posting behaviour, to enhance the detection of fake news. Through extensive experimentation on four widely used real-world datasets, our proposed framework demonstrates superior performance (↑3.59% (PolitiFact), ↑6.8% (GossipCop), ↑2.96% (FA-KES), and ↑12.51% (LIAR), considering both content-based features and additional auxiliary information) compared to existing state-of-the-art approaches, establishing its effectiveness in the challenging task of fake news detection.
Resilience in the face of adversity: Exploring junior high learners’ perspectives and experiences of blended learning during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted education, revealing inadequacies and inequalities within the educational arena. This led to the emergence of blended learning as a necessary response, driven by integrating digital technology into teaching and learning. This paper explores the perspectives and experiences of junior high learners in the implementation of blended learning modality at a particular public high school institution in Eastern Visayas, Philippines. A qualitative approach using a single case study design was utilized, and the participants were selected using a purposive sampling procedure. Using Braun and Clarke’s thematic data analysis method, the study generated three themes regarding learners’ perspectives: the advantages of blended learning, limitations of blended learning for optimum learning, and ambivalent perceptions of learners towards blended learning. Moreover, five themes emerged regarding learners’ experiences of blended learning: affective issues in learning, distractive learning environment, time constraints as a learning barrier, internet connectivity issues, and challenges of quality education in blended learning implementation. As a result, school administrators, teachers, parents, and the entire academic community should strengthen their collaboration to promote and ensure the attainment of quality education in the blended learning setup. The results of this study can also assist future related research in knowing how blended learning modality can be better implemented.
Scorched Earth: how will changes in the strength of the vegetation sink to ozone deposition affect human health and ecosystems?

Abstract. This study investigates the effect of ozone (O 3 ) deposition on ground level O 3 concentrations and subsequent human health and ecosystem risk under hot summer "heat wave" type meteorological events. Under such conditions, extended drought can effectively "turn off" the O 3 vegetation sink leading to a substantial increase in ground level O 3 concentrations. Two models that have been used for human health (the CMAQ chemical transport model) and ecosystem (the DO 3 SE O 3 deposition model) risk assessment are combined to provide a powerful policy tool capable of novel integrated assessments of O 3 risk using methods endorsed by the UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. This study investigates 2006, a particularly hot and dry year during which a heat wave occurred over the summer across much of the UK and Europe. To understand the influence of variable O 3 dry deposition three different simulations were investigated during June and July: (i) actual conditions in 2006, (ii) conditions that assume a perfect vegetation sink for O 3 deposition and (iii) conditions that assume an extended drought period that reduces the vegetation sink to a minimum. The risks of O 3 to human health, assessed by estimating the number of days during which running 8 h mean O 3 concentrations exceeded 100 μg m −3 , show that on average across the UK, there is a difference of 16 days exceedance of the threshold between the perfect sink and drought conditions. These average results hide local variation with exceedances between these two scenarios reaching as high as 20 days in the East Midlands and eastern UK. Estimates of acute exposure effects show that O 3 removed from the atmosphere through dry deposition during the June and July period would have been responsible for approximately 460 premature deaths. Conversely, reduced O 3 dry deposition will decrease the amount of O 3 taken up by vegetation and, according to flux-based assessments of vegetation damage, will lead to a reduction in the impact of O 3 on vegetation across the UK. The new CMAQ-DO 3 SE model was evaluated by comparing observation vs. modelled estimates of various health related metrics with data from both urban and rural sites across the UK; although these comparisons showed reasonable agreement there were some biases in the model predictions with attributable deaths at urban sites being over predicted by a small margin, the converse was true for rural sites. The study emphasises the importance of accurate estimates of O 3 deposition both for human health and ecosystem risk assessments. Extended periods of drought and heat wave type conditions are likely to occur with more frequency in coming decades, therefore understanding the importance of these effects will be crucial to inform the development of appropriate national and international policy to mitigate against the worst consequences of this air pollutant.
What If I Were the Exile? Linking Past and Present for Democratic History Teaching with Pre-Service Educators

The academic literature has fostered a debate in recent decades regarding the concept of historical empathy and the typology of activities that can help to treat and develop it, although there is no consensus as to the real effectiveness of narrative activities of a descriptive type that involve the projection of the person into the past. The aim of this research was to check whether the implementation of a programme that uses historical contextualisation, contact with primary testimonies, the use of sources and historical empathy, linking the situation of the exiles of the Spanish Civil War with the current refugees, can contribute to the development of tolerant attitudes towards the figure of the displaced in pre-service teachers and the degree to which these attitudes are modified after the application of the programme. The research design is quantitative and corresponds to a quasi-experimental design with a control and experimental group. A questionnaire was used to measure the attitudes of 101 pre-service teachers at a Spanish university towards refugees. The questionnaire was completed at two different times, before and after a historical empathy exercise on the exiles of the Spanish Civil War. The results indicate that programmes using historical contextualisation, testimonies close to refugees and historical empathy relating the situation of refugees to that of the exiles of the Spanish Civil War can contribute to increasing and/or reinforcing positive attitudes towards refugees in pre-service teachers.
Perioperative nutritional assessment and management of patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery

Malnutrition is a major issue in gastrointestinal perioperative situations, as only 40% of malnourished patients are finally treated. This literature review investigates the inconsistencies regarding the diagnostic approach to both preoperative and postoperative patients and the various underlying causes, as well as the efficiency of the various therapeutic regimens. A literature search was conducted until August 2023 in MEDLINE and Scopus. Clinical studies involving perioperative nutritional assessment in adult gastrointestinal surgery patients during the last 10 years were included in the present review. Finally, 19 articles were included in the study. Preoperative nutritional therapy is increasingly recognized as a key component of surgical care. Malnourished patients who are hospitalized and operated on, have significantly worse clinical results. Gastrointestinal postoperative malnutrition coexists with metabolic stress, as patients usually suffer from minor chronic inflammations; therefore, postoperative malnutrition is the result of a combination of the effects of inflammation and a lack of food intake. Postoperative malnutrition leads to prolonged hospitalizations and hospital complications and therefore the need to treat it is essential. There are many recognized tools for detecting malnutrition. However, all tools showed inconsistent results regarding their validity. Per os feeding after surgery, and dietary supplements when necessary, have been recommended. Therefore, it is very important to reduce malnutrition and define clear strategies towards that direction.
Antibiotic administration aggravates asthma by disrupting gut microbiota and the intestinal mucosal barrier in an asthma mouse model

In humans, gut microbiota can determine the health status. The regulatory mechanisms of the gut microbiota in asthma must be elucidated. Although antibiotics (ABXs) can clear infections, they markedly alter the composition and abundance of gut microbiota. The present study used ABX-treated mice to examine the time-dependent effects of ABX administration on the gut microbiota and intestinal mucosal barrier. The mouse asthma model was established using ovalbumin (OVA) and gavaged with an ABX cocktail for different durations (1 or 2 weeks) and stacked sequences. The pathology of the model, model 2, OVA-ABX, OVA-ABX 2, ABX-OVA and ABX-OVA was severe when compared with the control group as evidenced by the following results: i) significantly increased pulmonary and colonic inflammatory cell infiltration; ii) enhanced pause values and iii) OVA-induced immunoglobulin E (IgE) and TGF-β expression levels, and significantly downregulated Tight Junction Protein 1 (TJP1), claudin 1 and Occludin expression levels. Furthermore, the intestinal bacterial load in the OVA-ABX and OVA-ABX 2 groups was significantly lower than that in the ABX-OVA and ABX-OVA 2 groups, respectively. The predominant taxa were as follows: phyla, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, genera, Escherichia-Shigella, Lactobacillus and Lachnospira. The abundances of Lachnospira and Escherichia-Shigella were correlated with the expression of OVA-induced IgE and TJPs. These findings indicated that ABX administration, which modifies microbiome diversity and bacterial abundance, can disrupt colonic integrity, downregulate TJ proteins, damage the intestinal barrier, enhance enterocyte permeability, and promote the release of inflammatory factors, adversely affecting asthma alleviation and long-term repair.
Nonlinear Responses of Vegetation Phenology to Climate Change and Urbanization: A Case Study in Beijing, China

Vegetation serves as an indicator of ecological change, and phenology is an important indicator for evaluating vegetation growth and development. Analyzing the spatiotemporal characteristics of vegetation phenology and its driving factors is of great significance for analyzing the carbon, water, and energy balance of terrestrial ecosystems. To better assess the impact of external environmental changes on vegetation phenology and comprehend the changing trends of phenology, this study employed phenological parameters as response variables and incorporated meteorological and urbanization factors as explanatory variables. A generalized additive model (GAM) was constructed meticulously to investigate how vegetation phenology responds to climate change and urbanization in Beijing, as well as to predict vegetation phenology. The results showed that there were nonlinear relationships between the vegetation phenological parameters, i.e., start of season (SOS) and end of season (EOS), and external environmental changes. $R^{2}$ of the GAM predicted SOS and EOS with respect to the observed data increased to 0.622 and 0.756, respectively. The prediction effects in each region of the urban–rural gradient zone were better with the root-mean-square error of approximately 4–7 days. This study demonstrates that the GAM considers the nonlinear relationships between vegetation phenology and external environmental factors. The validation results based on the observed data show that the models are reliable, and the findings can provide theoretical references for urban development planning and ecological environmental protection in Beijing.
Spike Glycoprotein 1 Partial Gene Analysis of GI-19 (QX-like) Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolated and Propagated from Breeder, Broiler, and Layer Chickens in Java Region

This study aims to identify and characterize receptor binding sites (RBS) and antigenic sites (HVR-I and II) of the S1 gene fragment of the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolated and propagated from commercial chickens in Java Region to monitor recent circulating virus. The samples in this study were the organs which indicated infectious bronchitis infection. The stages of this research consisted of making virus suspensions, isolation, and propagation, as well as molecular detection and characterization of viruses. Virus isolation and propagation were carried out on chicken embryonated eggs aged 11 days via the allantoic route. Culture confirmation was performed by RT-PCR of the S1 gene fragment, followed by sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The 168-hour propagation was observed in both dwarfed and curled embryos of two isolates from 11 isolates detected as IBV-positive. Phylogenetic tree construction resulted in all isolates being grouped as GI-19 genotype (QX-like). Amino acid identity among QX-like strains was calculated at 87–100%. A total of 210 predicted amino acid residues were observed, including 31 substitutions and 2 deletions. Conclusions of this study were identified and characterized as GI-19 genotype (QX-like) IBV with amino acid changes on S1 fragment from breeder, broiler, and layer chickens in Java Region.
Metagenomic analysis of fecal samples in colorectal cancer Egyptians patients post colectomy: A pilot study

One of the most prevalent malignancies that significantly affects world health is colorectal cancer (CRC). While genetics are involved in a portion of CRC patients, most cases are sporadic. The microbiome composition could be a new source of tumor initiation and progression. This research was conducted to investigate the microbiota composition of CRC patients post colectomy at taxonomic and functional levels. Using a next-generation sequencing approach, using an Illumina Novaseq 6000, the fecal samples of 13 patients were analyzed and the obtained data was subjected to a bioinformatics analysis. The bacterial abundance and uniqueness varied in CRC patients alongside differences in bacterial counts between patients. Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Escherichia coli, and Fusobacterium nucleatum were among the pro-cancerous microorganisms found. Concurrently, bacteria linked to CRC progression were detected that have been previously linked to metastasis and recurrence. At the same time, probiotic bacteria such as Bifidobacterium dentium, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Akkermansia muciniphila increased in abundance after colectomies. Additionally, numerous pathways were deferentially enriched in CRC, which emerged from functional pathways based on bacterial shotgun data. CRC-specific microbiome signatures include an altered bacterial composition. Our research showed that microbial biomarkers could be more usefully employed to explore the link between gut microbiota and CRC using metagenomic techniques in the diagnosis, prognosis, and remission of CRC, thereby opening new avenues for CRC treatment.
An Analysis of a Shallow Cold Front and Wave Interactions from the PLOWS Field Campaign

The Profiling of Winter Storms (PLOWS) field campaign IOP-19 occurred February 14-15, 2010. During this IOP a shallow cold front associated with a weak cyclone moved through southern Indiana and was followed by and upper level boundary as well as a secondary but weaker cold front. Several wave features were also seen during the IOP after the passage of the shallow cold front. This paper present the impact of the front and wave features on the enchantment of precipitation over southern Indiana during IOP 19.
The Role of the Upper Tidal Estuary in Wetland Blue Carbon Storage and Flux

Carbon (C) standing stocks, C mass balance, and soil C burial in tidal freshwater forested wetlands (TFFW) and TFFW transitioning to low‐salinity marshes along the upper estuary are not typically included in “blue carbon” accounting, but may represent a significant C sink. Results from two salinity transects along the tidal Waccamaw and Savannah rivers of the U.S. Atlantic Coast show that total C standing stocks were 322–1,264 Mg C/ha among all sites, generally shifting to greater soil storage as salinity increased. Carbon mass balance inputs (litterfall, woody growth, herbaceous growth, root growth, and surface accumulation) minus C outputs (surface litter and root decomposition, gaseous C) over a period of up to 11 years were 340–900 g C · m−2 · year−1. Soil C burial was variable (7–337 g C · m−2 · year−1), and lateral C export was estimated as C mass balance minus soil C burial as 267–849 g C · m−2 · year−1. This represents a large amount of C export to support aquatic biogeochemical transformations. Despite reduced C persistence within emergent vegetation, decomposition of organic matter, and higher lateral C export, total C storage increased as forests converted to marsh with salinization. These tidal river wetlands exhibited high N mineralization in salinity‐stressed forested sites and considerable P mineralization in low‐salinity marshes. Large C standing stocks and rates of C sequestration suggest that TFFW and oligohaline marshes are considerably important globally to coastal C dynamics and in facilitating energy transformations in areas of the world in which they occur.
SSR assisted identification of mango (Mangifera indica L.) hybrids and development of DNA barcodes

The importance of varietal identification has grown dramatically on a global scale, particularly in the context of plant variety protection. To address the same, 100 new hyper-variable mango simple sequence repeats (HMSSRs) markers were screened for polymorphism among 24 mango hybrids bred at ICAR- IARI, New Delhi. Out of which, 89 polymorphic HMSSRs were used for the generation of DNA barcodes of mango hybrids. A total of 1,861 alleles with an amplicon size of 130 to 450 bp have been detected. The average number of alleles was 2.60 per locus, and PIC ranged from 0.04 (HMSSR1382) to 0.72 (HMSSR1289) with an average of 0.39. UPGMA analysis grouped these mango hybrids into two major clusters broadly representing the parental influence in hybrids. Cluster II comprised of 14 hybrids and cluster I had 10 hybrids. Model-based structure analysis revealed two gene pools, and AMOVA indicated that higher molecular variation is due to individuals (82%). The generated allelic variations of these polymorphic markers were translated into DNA barcodes by separating the allele size for each polymorphic HMSSR locus. A total 11 unique and 35 rare alleles from amplified alleles have been observed. Validation of these hybrid-specific alleles was attempted on a set of four tree replicates of the same genotypes grown at different places, of which seven hybrid-specific alleles could be validated in the present study. Overall, the present set of HMSSRs convincingly revealed to be highly informative and useful for future molecular research in mango. Furthermore, identifying hybrid-specific alleles would be highly useful in identifying and protecting mango hybrids.