Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiscale Methods for Stiff and Constrained Mechanical Systems

We suggest multiscale methods for the integration of systems of second-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) whose solutions include components that oscillate with large frequencies and small amplitudes. The methods do not need to integrate completely the fast oscillations and may employ step-sizes determined by the rate of change of the slow motions of the system. The technique may be used with any standard ODE method with ﬁxed step-size and also in conjunction with off-the-shelf, variable-step ODE software. Alternatively, the ideas presented here may be used to integrate constrained mechanical systems by means of conventional ODE codes.
PowerField: A transient temperature-to-power technique based on Markov random field theory

Transient temperature-to-power conversion is as important as steady-state analysis since power distributions tend to change dynamically. In this work, we propose PowerField framework to find the most probable power distribution from consecutive thermal images. Since the transient analysis is vulnerable to spatio-temporal thermal noise, we adopted a maximum-a-posteriori Markov random field framework to enhance the noise immunity. The most probable power map is obtained by minimizing the energy function which is calculated using an approximated transient thermal equation. Experimental results with a thermal simulator shows that PowerField outperforms the previous method in transient analysis reducing the error by half on average. We also applied our method to a real silicon achieving 90.7% accuracy.
Co-evolutionary learning : lessons for human education ?

The goal of this paper is to build a bridge from co-evolutionary machine learning and game theory to education policy. A learning system can be modeled as a metagame between teacher and student, to which we can apply a game theory analysis. In some cases, learning may be sti ed by various forms of collusion, which appear as suboptimal equilibria in the meta-game of learning. Some recent results in coevolutionary machine learning suggest that these opportunities for collusion may be avoided if certain features are incorporated into the learning environment, raising important issues for the future of education paradigms and policy.
Education and debate

Epidemiologists look for modifiable causes of common diseases to improve population health. However, epidemiological studies may identify spurious “causes. ” For example, the epidemiological findings that hormone replacement therapy protects against coronary heart disease, carotene prevents lung cancer, and vitamin E and vitamin C reduce risk of cardiovascular disease have all been refuted by randomised controlled trials and have raised concerns about the value of epidemiological studies. The misleading findings were probably due to confounding by behavioural, physiological, and socioeconomic factors related both to exposures and to disease end points. 3 One solution to these problems is mendelian randomisation. 4 5
Depression, Anxiety and Self-concept of Middle School Students

Objective:to study depression, anxiety and self-concept of middle school students.Method:Self-description Questionnaire, CES-D and Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale were used to assess 500 middle school students of Nanchong, Sichuan province.Result:the total score of self-concept was negatively correlated with anxiety and depression. Factors predicting anxiety and depression included general self-concept, general expressive self-concept, parenthood self-concept and peer relation self-concept.Conclusion:anxiety and depression of middle school students are associated with their self-concept.
GAUGING THE PUBLIC RESPONSE TO PRESIDENTIAL LEADERSHIP

Methods of measuring the ability of the President to influence public opinion on policy issues are beset by any number of shortcomings. A simple new technique for gauging presidential opinion leadership is introduced and demonstrated here. It is widely understood that the Presi dent of the United States exercises consid erable influence over public opinion on important policy issues. Unfortunately, this widespread understanding rests on evidence which proves upon inspection to be less than entirely convincing. This brief paper attempts to show why this is the case, and also demonstrates a simple new means of estimating the President's im pact on public opinion. A Criterion The measurement of presidential influ ence presupposes a decision rule: in any particular situation we need to be able to apply a criterion which will indicate how influential the President is. The criterion used here follows directly from Robert Dahl's (1957) classic analysis of power re lationships. According to Dahl, "A has power over B to the extent that he can get B to do something that B would not other wise do. " Following Dahl, let us use Pi to designate the probability that B will un dertake a certain action, given A's at tempt to get him to do so; p2 to designate the probability that B will undertake the same action, given no such attempt on A's part; and M (for the German Macht) to designate A's power over B. Dahl's for mulation then gives us a clearcut criterion for gauging A's influence: M = p, - p2. For example, if pi = p2, then we would say that A had exercised no power over B. The closer M gets to 1, the greater the power than A would be said to have exer cised. It is a simple matter to substitute "the President" into Dahl's conceptualization in place of A, and "the public" in place of B; but it is more challenging to estimate M empirically: what we usually have is Pi or p2, but not p, and p2. Some previous treatments of presidential influence have not even confronted this problem. Others have confronted it, but have not satisfac torily resolved it.
Structural Robustness in Peer to Peer Botnets

Due to the steady evolution and increase in sophistication of peer to peer botnets, it is necessary to understand the structural potential in this type of intruder tool. We formally model the P2P botnets with the help of complex systems. We propose metrics to measure the structural potential of different types of P2P botnets. We also propose a simulative framework to investigate the robustness of P2P botnets in face of various targeted response. In particular, We have shown that naive defenses don’t work. Simply randomly remove infected nodes does not slow down the attacker much, regardless of whether the connectivity between peer bots follows a random or scale-free pattern. We found that the degree based response on P2P botnets offer best approach. Our works also show that the simulation approach revealed some invariant properties of the P2P botnets and open an insight about functional aspects of their topology in terms of robustness and communication efficiency.
The shape of instantons: cross-section of supertubes and dyonic instantons

We explore the correspondence between Yang-Mills instantons and algebraic curves. The curve is defined by Higgs zero locus of dyonic instantons in 1+4 dimensional Yang-Mills-Higgs theory, and it is identified in string theory with the cross-section of supertubes connecting parallel D4-branes. To present evidence for the identification, we show that with total charges fixed, the supertube angular momentum computed from the Higgs zero locus is maximized when the locus is circular, which has been proven for the cross-section of the supertubes. This leads to a consistent dictionary between the charges in two pictures. We also consider a T-dual version of the story, identifying the profiles of the wavy instanton strings with those of the supercurves/D-helices. Based on this observation, we then argue a novel correspondence between ADHM data of instantons and algebraic curves defining the locus. The degree of the curve is related to the instanton number, and splitting property of the curve is physically manifested by well-separated instantons.
The impact of patient shortage and service provision on patient movements in a list patient system

We study physician characteristics that contribute to patients switching physicians. In particular we are interested in studying whether physician characteristics that contribute to patient dissatisfaction also contribute to a high number of patient switches. We find that physicians who experience a shortage (deficit) of patients experience more patient switching. This result is in accordance with Lurås (2005) who finds that patient shortage is associated with patient dissatisfaction, as expressed in a nationwide survey. From theory we predict that physicians with a shortage of patients would compensate for unfavorable characteristics by providing more services, as longer and more frequent consultations, to their patients. Although GPs with patient shortage in general provide more services to their patients compared with GPs who have enough patients, we do not find that the level of service provision has an impact on the number of patients who decides to switch. We conclude that extra service provision does not compensate for negative characteristics (patients’ impression of competence, empathy etc) of less popular GPs. Hence, patients’ revealed preferences show that benefits are less than costs at the margin, and we suggest that the extra service provision is socially inefficient. JEL Classification: H42; I11; I18
MapPSO and MapEVO results for OAEI 2011

This paper presents and discusses the results produced by the alignment systems MapPSO and MapEVO for the 2011 Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI). The two systems implement two variants of population-based optimisation algorithms applied to the ontology alignment problem. MapPSO is based on discrete particle swarm optimisation, while MapEVO is based on evolutionary programming. Both systems optimise the same objective function, i.e. a function reflecting the quality of an alignment. Firstly, specific characteristics of the systems and their relation to the results obtained in the OAEI are discussed. Secondly, the results for the single tracks are presented and discussed.
Viewpoint-based legibility optimization

Much robotics research has focused on intent-expressive (legible) motion. However, algorithms that can autonomously generate legible motion have implicitly made the strong assumption of an omniscient observer, with access to the robot's configuration as it changes across time. In reality, human observers have a particular viewpoint, which biases the way they perceive the motion. In this work, we free robots from this assumption and introduce the notion of an observer with a specific point of view into legibility optimization. In doing so, we account for two factors: (1) depth uncertainty induced by a particular viewpoint, and (2) occlusions along the motion, during which (part of) the robot is hidden behind some object. We propose viewpoint and occlusion models that enable autonomous generation of viewpoint-based legible motions, and show through large-scale user studies that the produced motions are significantly more legible compared to those generated assuming an omniscient observer.
Improved Algorithms for Vertex Cover with Hard Capacities on Multigraphs and Hypergraphs

In this paper, we consider the minimum unweighted Vertex Cover problem with Hard Capacity constraints (VCHC) on multigraphs and hypergraphs. Given a graph, the objective of VCHC is to ﬁnd a smallest multiset of vertices that cover all edges, under the constraints that each vertex can only cover a limited number of incident edges, and the number of available copies of each vertex is bounded. This problem generalizes the classical unweighted vertex cover problem. Here we restrict our attention to unweighted instances, since the weighted version of VCHC is as hard as the set cover problem, as shown by Chuzhoy and Naor (FOCS 2002). We obtain improved approximation algorithms for VCHC on multigraphs and hypergraphs. This problem has ﬁrst been studied by Saha and Khuller (ICALP 2012). They proposed a 38-approximation for multigraphs, and a max { 6 f, 65 } -approximation for hypergraphs, where f is the size of the largest hyperedge. In this paper, we signiﬁcantly improve these approximation ratios to 1+2 / √ 3 < 2 . 155 and 2 f respectively. In the case of multigraphs, our approximation ratio is very close to the longstanding bound of 2 for the classical vertex cover problem. Our algorithms consist of a two-step process, each based on rounding an appropriate linear program. In particular, for multigraphs, the analysis in the second step relies on identifying a matching structure within any extreme point solution. Furthermore, we consider the partial VCHC problem in which one only needs to cover all but (cid:96) edges. We propose a generic reduction from partial VCHC on f -hypergraphs to VCHC on ( f + 1)-hypergraphs, with a small loss in the approximation factor. In particular, we present a (2 f + 2)(1 + (cid:15) )-approximation algorithm for partial VCHC on f -hypergraphs.
Precoder Design for Blind Channel Estimation in Multiple OFDM Systems

The problem of blind channel estimation for multiple single-antenna orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems coexisting in the same band is considered. Based on the previous work on linear precoding for blind channel estimation for OFDM systems, a new precoder design based on zero-hole matrices is proposed and optimal design is derived. Numerical results show the validity of our design. The proposed method can be used to design precoders to separate and estimate the channels from multiple basestations to a terminal station in cell edge even in case of colliding pilot tones in full frequency reuse.
The Deformational Characteristics of the Left Ventricle in the Conscious Dog

We studied left ventricular minor and major axis diameters and equatorial wall thickness in eleven conscious dogs with chronically implanted pulse-transit ultrasonic dimension transducers. Left ventricular tranemural pressure was measured with micromanometers. Left ventricular volume was varied by inflation of implanted vena caval or aortic occluders. The geometry of the left ventricle was represented as a three-dimensional ellipsoidal shell. Left ventricular eccentricity was found to be a linear function of ventricular volume during both diastole and ejection. However, the relationship was not the same for diastole and ejection, and during diastole the left ventricle was more spherical at large volumes and more elliptical at small volumes than during ejection. The rearrangements in geometry observed during isovolumic contraction appeared to be transitional stages from the diastolic to the ejection-phase relationship. Thus, during isovolumic contraction, the left ventricle became more elliptical at large volumes and more spherical at small volumes. These relationships were not altered significantly by increased afterload or inotropic interventions. We also observed that the diastolic deformation of the ventricular chamber occurred in a set and predictable manner that seemed to be determined by the three-dimensional mechanical properties of the myocardium. The geometric inter- relationships of the ventricular wall determined the relationship between diastolic transmural pressure and mural stress. These findings probably reflect basic structural characteristics of the myocardium and provide a convenient method for quantitatively representing the dynamic geometry of the left ventricle.
A data platform based on web service for wireless sensor network

In Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) the data and resource management and sharing have become a key issue. Currently, data management platforms for different wireless sensor network application systems in general are developed independently. Different platforms are relatively isolated. Data access interfaces of different platforms are incompatible, which results in data cannot be effectively shared and used. Therefore the cost of deployment and maintenance of data management platform is high. These issues limit the applications of wireless sensor networks in large scale. To solve the problems, we design and implement a data platform that has unified data access interface based on Web Services.
Filament-based smoke with vortex shedding and variational reconnection

Simulating fluids based on vortex filaments is highly attractive for the creation of special effects because it gives artists full control over the simulation using familiar tools like curve editors or the scripted generation of new vortex filaments over time. Because filaments offer a very compact description of fluid flow, real time applications like games or virtual reality are also possible. We present a complete model that includes moving obstacles with vortex shedding, all represented as filaments. Due to variational reconnection the long-time behavior of our method is excellent: Energy and momentum stay constant within reasonable bounds and computational complexity does not increase over time.
Deformation of Network Connectivity in the Inferior Olive of Connexin 36-Deficient Mice Is Compensated by Morphological and Electrophysiological Changes at the Single Neuron Level

Compensatory mechanisms after genetic manipulations have been documented extensively for the nervous system. In many cases, these mechanisms involve genetic regulation at the transcription or expression level of existing isoforms. We report a novel mechanism by which single neurons compensate for changes in network connectivity by retuning their intrinsic electrical properties. We demonstrate this mechanism in the inferior olive, in which widespread electrical coupling is mediated by abundant gap junctions formed by connexin 36 (Cx36). It has been shown in various mammals that this electrical coupling supports the generation of subthreshold oscillations, but recent work revealed that rhythmic activity is sustained in knock-outs of Cx36. Thus, these results raise the question of whether the olivary oscillations in Cx36 knock-outs simply reflect the status of wild-type neurons without gap junctions or the outcome of compensatory mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that the absence of Cx36 results in thicker dendrites with gap-junction-like structures with an abnormally wide interneuronal gap that prevents electrotonic coupling. The mutant olivary neurons show unusual voltage-dependent oscillations and an increased excitability that is attributable to a combined decrease in leak conductance and an increase in voltage-dependent calcium conductance. Using dynamic-clamp techniques, we demonstrated that these changes are sufficient to transform a wild-type neuron into a knock-out-like neuron. We conclude that the absence of Cx36 in the inferior olive is not compensated by the formation of other gap-junction channels but instead by changes in the cytological and electroresponsive properties of its neurons, such that the capability to produce rhythmic activity is maintained.
Quality of information for data fusion in net centric publish and subscribe architectures

This paper examines data fusion and target tracking issues involved within net centric publish and subscribe architectures with respect to the quality of information (QOI) provided to the end user. These architectures are commonly selected in shared knowledge environments to enable access to all information by all users. DoD, DOJ, FAA, and other government organizations are pushing net centric concepts to move from stovepiped, closed architectures with limited data accessibility toward open architectures where dissemination of new data sources is intrinsically supported. Although these net centric initiatives (such as DoD's GIG) promise tremendous aggregate bandwidth, sensor-to-user bandwidth, end-user processing power and storage capacity, and other real world issues are expected to impact operations. For example, the soldier of the future may require moving target updates on a bandwidth-limited wireless PDA. This paper examines how the Air Force Research Laboratory's Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI), a publish-and-subscribe system in conjunction with the OGC's sensor Web enablement (SWE) initiative, can be used to update clients in a quality-of-information (QOI) paradigm rather than a quality-of-service (QOS) paradigm. We conclude that net centric architectures can support operational flows that improve the quality of information while reducing resource usage over traditional stovepipe systems. We also conclude that net centric tool implementations should specifically address QOI.
Stool Antigen Tests for the Detection of Helicobacter Pylori in Children

Objective Reliable non-invasive methods for detection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection are required to investigate the incidence, transmission, and clearance of infection in childhood. Detecting bacterial antigens in stool offer an alternative noninvasive diagnostic test. However its accuracy in developing countries is not well established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of stool antigen test for H pylori in Iranian children with recurrent abdominal pain necessitating endoscopy. Methods One hundred three children enrolled in this study. Endoscopy and biopsy was done on all patients providing a criterion standard for validation of the H. pylori stool antigen (HpSA) tests. The presence of H. pylori organisms in stool was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a commercially available polyclonal antibody. HpSA sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were determined with reference to the results of cultures of gastric biopsy. Findings Of the 103 children tested 41 (39.8%) and 39 (37.8%) were positive for H. pylori according to the results of cultures of gastric biopsy and HpSA, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of HpSA were found to be 85%, 93%, 89.7%, and 90%, respectively. Conclusion In this pilot study, a low-cost and rapid diagnostic technique, stool antigen test proved to be highly sensitive and specific for detecting H pylori infection in children with recurrent abdominal pain. Our results are comparable to those reported elsewhere in children and demonstrate that the HpSA test can replace endoscopy and biopsy for detecting H. pylori infection.