Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reversible Watermarking Using Gaussian Weight Prediction and Genetic Algorithm

Abstract—This paper represents a high performance reversible watermarking technique which involve adaptable predictor and sorting parameter to suit each image and each payload in order get lowest image distortion. Our proposed method relies on a well-known prediction error (PE) expansion technique. Having small PE values and a harmonious PE sorting parameter will greatly decrease distortion. In order to get adaptable tools, Gaussian weight predictor and expanded variance mean were used as parameters in this work. A genetic algorithm has also been introduced to optimize all parameters and produce the best results possible. Implementation showed a significantly improved result compared to previous work.
A novel function for the Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 complex in base excision repair

The Mre11/Rad50/Xrs2 (MRX) complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has well-characterized functions in DNA double-strand break processing, checkpoint activation, telomere length maintenance and meiosis. In this study, we demonstrate an involvement of the complex in the base excision repair (BER) pathway. We studied the repair of methyl-methanesulfonate-induced heat-labile sites in chromosomal DNA in vivo and the in vitro BER capacity for the repair of uracil- and 8-oxoG-containing oligonucleotides in MRX-deficient cells. Both approaches show a clear BER deficiency for the xrs2 mutant as compared to wildtype cells. The in vitro analyses revealed that both subpathways, long-patch and short-patch BER, are affected and that all components of the MRX complex are similarly important for the new function in BER. The investigation of the epistatic relationship of XRS2 to other BER genes suggests a role of the MRX complex downstream of the AP-lyases Ntg1 and Ntg2. Analysis of individual steps in BER showed that base recognition and strand incision are not affected by the MRX complex. Reduced gap-filling activity and the missing effect of aphidicoline treatment, an inhibitor for polymerases, on the BER efficiency indicate an involvement of the MRX complex in providing efficient polymerase activity.
RELIABLY DETERMINING THE OUTCOME OF COMPUTER NETWORK ATTACKS

Organizations frequently rely on the use of Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) to identify and prevent intrusions into their computer networks. While NIDSs have proven reasonably successful at detecting attacks, they have fallen short in determining if attacks succeed or fail. This determination is often left to the security analyst or system administrator. Large-scale networks pose a particular challenge for IDS analysts. The process of manually checking systems to determine if an attack is successful becomes burdensome as the size and geographic location of the network increases. Many analysts use network data alone, in particular the server response, to determine the outcome of the attack. Intuitively, the server response is the packet or packets the target computer returns after an attack. However, in the case of buffer overflows, the attacker has the ability to forge or modify this response. This paper examines two key aspects of network defense: the ability to circumvent detection devices and how network analysts respond to evasion techniques. We examine how social engineering can be used to influence an analyst’s decisions and we recommend ways to counter this threat. The intended audience will be responsible for either developing IDS signatures, or analyzing network IDS results. The technical detail is moderate, but does assume some exposure to network traffic analysis, intrusion detection, and exploits in general.
Domains of Heterochromatin Protein 1 Required for Drosophila melanogaster Heterochromatin Spreading

Centric regions of eukaryotic genomes are packaged into heterochromatin, which possesses the ability to spread along the chromosome and silence gene expression. The process of spreading has been challenging to study at the molecular level due to repetitious sequences within centric regions. A heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) tethering system was developed that generates “ectopic heterochromatin” at sites within euchromatic regions of the Drosophila melanogaster genome. Using this system, we show that HP1 dimerization and the PxVxL interaction platform formed by dimerization of the HP1 chromo shadow domain are necessary for spreading to a downstream reporter gene located 3.7 kb away. Surprisingly, either the HP1 chromo domain or the chromo shadow domain alone is sufficient for spreading and silencing at a downstream reporter gene located 1.9 kb away. Spreading is dependent on at least two H3K9 methyltransferases, with SU(VAR)3-9 playing a greater role at the 3.7-kb reporter and dSETDB1 predominately acting at the 1.9 kb reporter. These data support a model whereby HP1 takes part in multiple mechanisms of silencing and spreading.
Adeno-Associated Virus Gene Therapy for Liver Disease

The field of adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy has progressed rapidly over the past decade, with the advent of novel capsid serotype and organ-specific promoters, and an increasing understanding of the immune response to AAV administration. In particular, liver-directed therapy has made remarkable strides, with a number of clinical trials currently planned and ongoing in hemophilia A and B, as well as other liver disorders. This review focuses on liver-directed AAV gene therapy, including historic context, current challenges, and future developments.
A hierarchical method for pedestrian detection with random forests

Due to many uncontrolled factors, pedestrian detection is one of the most challenging problems in computer vision. In this paper, a fast and accurate hierarchical method for pedestrian detection with random forests is proposed, which can combine holistic information and local information based on image pyramid model. Image pyramid can effectively realize multi-layer information fusion and hierarchical detection. At the first low spatial resolution layer, a holistic random forests classifier is trained with dominant orientation templates (DOT), which is used for detecting candidate pedestrian area. At the second high spatial resolution layer, local image patches and their offset vectors relative to object center are extracted which are used for learning visual words and geometric constraints by parts-based hough forests. Accurate pedestrian detection is implemented in corresponding candidate area at the second layer by means of hough voting. We test the proposed method with two challenging pedestrian databases: INRIA and TUD-pedestrian. According to the theory analysis and experimental results, our method obtains lower computation complexity and higher precisions than previous works.
Vlasov and Poisson Equations in the Context of Self‐Gravitating Systems

Abstract We present Vlasov's equation and its association with Poisson's equation in the context of modelling self‐gravitating systems such as globular clusters or galaxies. We first review the classical hypotheses of the model. We continue with a presentation of the Hamilton‐Morrison structure of Vlasov's equation to study the equilibrium and the stability of self‐gravitating systems. Finally, we present some preliminary results concerning some properties of the time‐dependent solutions of the Vlasov‐Poisson system.
Subcellular mRNA Localization in Animal Cells and Why It Matters

Subcellular localization of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) can give precise control over where protein products are synthesized and operate. However, just 10 years ago many in the broader cell biology community would have considered this a specialized mechanism restricted to a very small fraction of transcripts. Since then, it has become clear that subcellular targeting of mRNAs is prevalent, and there is mounting evidence for central roles for this process in many cellular events. Here, we review current knowledge of the mechanisms and functions of mRNA localization in animal cells.
RNA Trafficking and Local Protein Synthesis in Dendrites: An Overview

It is now widely accepted that mRNAs localize to dendrites and that translation of these mRNAs is regulated in response to neuronal activity. Recent studies have begun to reveal the underpinnings of these processes and to underscore the importance of local protein synthesis to synaptic remodeling and plasticity. When Steward and Levy (1982) first reported their observation of polyribosomes at the base of spines, the prevailing view was that all proteins were synthesized in the cell body and then transported to distal compartments of neurons. Steward and Levy's discovery, however, raised the intriguing possibility that mRNAs could be transported to synapses and locally translated in response to synaptic stimulation. This provided an elegant mechanism for spatially restricting gene expression within the neuron, such that individual synapses could independently regulate their morphology and efficacy, in a persistent, protein synthesis-dependent manner, in response to specific stimuli. It is now widely accepted that mRNAs do localize to dendrites and that translation of these mRNAs contributes to synaptic plasticity. As is evident from the collection of Mini-Reviews on dendritic protein synthesis in this issue of The Journal of Neuroscience, the field has evolved to focus on a series of key questions, including the following: (1) what mRNAs are present in dendrites? (2) How are these mRNAs transported from the nucleus into the dendrite? (3) How is translation of these mRNAs regulated by neuronal activity? and (4) What is the function of local translation of specific transcripts? In this brief introductory overview, we will consider each of these questions in turn.
Transmission internationale des politiques budgtaires et imparfaite mobilit du capital

Dans un modele a deux pays et a horizon infini, dans lequel la mobilite du capital est imparfaite, on presente une analyse dynamique de la transmission internationale des chocs qui affectent les depenses publiques. Trois types de financements d'une augmentation des depenses publiques sont compares : l'imposition des salaires, l'imposition des revenus du capital a la source et l'imposition des revenus du capital selon le principe de taxation a la residence. L'imposition des salaires ou des revenus du capital a la source cree une reduction du produit dans le pays qui mene cette politique et une augmentation du produit a court terme a l'etranger. L'imposition des revenus du capital de tous les residents conduit, en introduisant un canal supplementaire de transmission internationale, a une baisse de la production mondiale. Malgre cette baisse, le bien-etre progresse dans le pays qui augmente ses depenses publiques.
PolyMeCo - a polygonal mesh comparison tool

Polygonal meshes are used in many areas to model different objects and structures. Depending on their applications, they sometimes have to be processed to, for instance, reduce their complexity (simplification). This mesh processing introduces error, whose evaluation is important when choosing the kind of processing that is to be done for a particular application. Although some mesh comparison tools are described in the literature, little attention has been given to the way results are presented. A tool is presented which enhances the way users perform mesh analysis and comparison, by providing an environment where several visualization options are available and can be used in a coordinated way.
Insulin Resistance and Hyperinsulinemia

Insulin resistance, recently recognized as a strong predictor of disease in adults, has become the leading element of the metabolic syndrome and renewed as a focus of research. The condition exists when insulin levels are higher than expected relative to the level of glucose. Thus, insulin resistance is by definition tethered to hyperinsulinemia. The rising prevalence of medical conditions where insulin resistance is common has energized research into the causes. Many causes and consequences have been identified, but the direct contributions of insulin itself in causing or sustaining insulin resistance have received little sustained attention. We examine situations where insulin itself appears to be a proximate and important quantitative contributor to insulin resistance. 1) Mice transfected with extra copies of the insulin gene produce basal and stimulated insulin levels that are two to four times elevated. The mice are of normal weight but show insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. 2) Somogyi described patients with unusually high doses of insulin and hyperglycemia. Episodes of hypoglycemia with release of glucose-raising hormones, postulated as the culprits in early studies, have largely been excluded by studies including continuous glucose monitoring. 3) Rats and humans treated with escalating doses of insulin show both hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. 4) The pulsatile administration of insulin (rather than continuous) results in reduced requirements for insulin. 5) Many patients with insulinoma who have elevated basal levels of insulin have reduced (but not absent) responsiveness to administered insulin. In summary, hyperinsulinemia is often both a result and a driver of insulin resistance.
Automatic Speech Emotion Recognition Using Auditory Models with Binary Decision Tree and SVM

Affective computing is a term for the design and development of algorithms that enable computers to recognize the emotions of their users and respond in a natural way. Speech, along with facial gestures, is one of the primary modalities with which humans express their emotions. While emotional cues in speech are available to an interlocutor in a dyadic conversation setting, their subjective recognition is far from accurate. This is due to the human auditory system which is primarily non-linear and adaptive. An automatic speech emotion recognition algorithm based on a computational model of the human auditory system is described in this paper. The devised system is tested on three emotional speech datasets. The results of a subjective recognition task is also reported. It is shown that the proposed algorithm provides recognition rates that are comparable to those of human raters.
Postbeamformer weak signal extraction with a strong interference colse to the signal's direction

In the paper, we consider the problem of extracting the weak signal in the presence of a strong interference which is close to the signal's direction. In our concerned situation, the strong interference is often caused by a cooperative ship, and its direction can be accurately obtained by GPS or Automated Identification System (AIS). A post-beamformer process procedure is proposed to deal with the problem. Beams are densely formed in the adjacent region of the strong interference's direction. These beam outputs are processed by the beamspace MVDR using the ideal beamspace interference signal model and the post-beamformer interference canceller (PIC) using the beam output in the exact interference's direction to extract the weak signal information. Some computer simulations were used to analyze the performance of the two methods using the proposed processing procedure.
Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication PrinciplesEffective visual fire detection in video sequences using probabilistic approach

The objective is to develop a probabilistic approach for vision-based fire detection in videos. The proposed method analyzes the frame-to-frame changes of specific low-level features describing potential fire regions. These features are color, area size, surface coarseness, boundary roughness, and skewness within estimated fire regions. Because of flickering and random characteristics of fire, these features are powerful discriminants. The behavioral change of each one of these features is evaluated, and the results are then combined according to the Bayes classifier for robust fire recognition. Temporal matching concept is used to reduce the computational complexity and also to allow fast processing of videos. Early vision-based fire detection techniques target surveillance applications with static cameras and consequently reasonably controlled or static background. In contrast, the proposed method can be applied not only to surveillance but also to automatic video classification for retrieval of fire catastrophes in databases of newscast content.
Novel sensitive object-oriented cohesion metric

The production of well-developed software reduces the cost of the software maintainability. Therefore, many software metrics have been developed to measure the quality of the software design. Measuring class cohesion is considered as one of the most important software quality measurements. Unfortunately, most of approaches that have been proposed on cohesion metrics do not consider the different intersections between class elements in measuring class cohesion. This paper proposes a novel class cohesion metric that considers the different cohesion intersections. Experiments are carried out on more than 35K classes from more than 16 open-source projects using the well known cohesion metrics. The obtained results illustrate that the proposed cohesion metric has the highest discrimination power with a vast difference over all the existing cohesion metrics. Therefore, it is highly recommended to use the proposed metric for evaluating the software design quality.
Thin scintillators and position sensitive photomultiplier tubes for hard X-ray imaging in space

Monolithic CsI(TI) scintillators coupled to a position sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT) have been tested for imaging and environmental performance necessary for hard X-ray astrophysics missions. Using a crossed-wire PSPMT and individual anode-wire readout, a spatial resolution of 1-2 mm rms at 60 keV over the entire photo-cathode imaging surface is obtained out to near the edges of the scintillator. A PSPMT mapping correction was used to obtain an energy resolution close to what is expected from CsI(TI) scintillators. We have also tested pixellated scintillators and find an equivalent spatial resolution but with an energy resolution which is unacceptable for our applications.
Visual Orientation Inhomogeneity Based Convolutional Neural Networks

The details of oriented visual stimuli are better resolved when they are horizontal or vertical rather than oblique. This "oblique effect" has been researched and confirmed in numerous research studies, including behavioral studies and neurophysiological and neuroimaging findings. Although the "oblique effect" has influence in many fields, little research integrated it into computational models. In this paper, we try to explore this inhomogeneity of visual orientation based on Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in image recognition. We validate that visual orientation inhomogeneity CNNs can achieve comparable performance with higher computational efficiency on various datasets. We can also get the conclusion that, compared with the cardinal information, oblique information is indeed less useful in natural color image recognition. Through the exploration of the proposed model on image recognition, we gain more understanding of the inhomogeneity of visual orientation. It also illuminates a wide range of opportunities for integrating the inhomogeneity of visual orientation with other computational models.
Cell based therapies in Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. It is characterized by bradykinesia, hypokinesia/ akinesia, rigidity, tremor, and postural instability, caused by dopaminergic (DA) striatal denervation. The prevalence of PD increases from 50 years of age with steep rise after age 60 years. Current treatment of PD relies heavily on replacing lost dopamine either with its precursor L-dopa or dopamine agonists (ropinirole, pramipexole, bromocriptine, lisuride etc). Other pharmacological measures like catechol-O-methyltrasferase (COMT) inhibitors like entacopone, telcapone and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors like selegiline and rasagiline are also useful, while L-dopa remains the gold standard in the treatment of PD. Emerging therapies are focusing on cell based therapeutics derived from various sources.
Design Challenges of Scalable Operating Systems for Many-Core Architectures

Computers will move from the multi-core reality of today to many-core. Instead of only a few cores on a chip, we will have thousands of cores available for use. This new architecture will force engineers to rethink OS design. It is the only way for operating systems to remain scalable even as the number of cores increases. Presented here are three design challenges of operating systems for many-core architectures: (1) Locks which do not scale, (2) poor locality offered by the traditional approach of sharing processor cores between application and OS and (3) no more cache coherent shared memory available to the OS. This elaboration discusses why these challenges impact scalability, introduces proposed solutions and evaluates them.
Online Social Networks On-The-Go: An Exploration of Facebook on the Mobile Phone

University students are tech-savvy and heavy users of both mobile phones and online social networks. Facebook is particularly popular and research has addressed many different questions regarding use of this specific online social network. In this Horizon paper we look into how university students use online social networks from mobile devices, a topic that has yet to receive significant attention. Through a series of semistructured interviews we specifically looked into uses and motivations for using Facebook through mobile devices. We found the main watchword to be ‘convenience’ and present three aspects that contribute to this motivation.
An Empirical Study of Diversity of Word Alignment and its Symmetrization Techniques for System Combination

The present work reports system combination task for the Chinese-English statistical machine translation systems. We focus on the strategy to build the candidate systems to enhance the gain of BLEU score by introducing diversity at the early stage of the system combination. One of the most effective strategies is to carry out system combination of the various systems with different word alignment algorithm. Our approach differs from previous work in one important aspect that we report on the diversity of the alignment refinement heuristics of word alignment techniques that are complementary to each other for the system combination. This approach could harness several word alignment possibilities and proved to be beneficial in generating consensus translation where the acting backbone which determines the word order is permitted to switch after each word. We carried out experiments on candidate systems of phrasal and hierarchical paradigms and system combination of both the paradigms as well. To our surprise, the combo systems using the various word alignments with various symmetrization techniques of both the MT paradigms show gain of 0.8 to 2.07 absolute BLEU score against the best candidates of the respective test sets.
Spontaneously hypertensive rats have more orexin neurons in their medial hypothalamus than normotensive rats

What is the central question of this study? Blockade of orexin receptors reduces blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) but not in normotensive Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats, suggesting that upregulation of orexin signalling underlies the hypertensive phenotype of the SHR. However, it is not known what causes this upregulation. What is the main finding and its importance? Using orexin immunolabelling, we show that SHRs have 20% more orexin neurons than normotensive WKY and Wistar rats in the medial hypothalamus, which is a good match to their blood pressure phenotype. In contrast, there is no such match for the orexin neurons of the lateral hypothalamus. Essential hypertension may be linked to an increase in orexin neurons in the medial hypothalamus.