Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lu-Fano plot for interpretation of the photoassociation spectra

Recently, the method of Lu-Fano plots was extended to potentials with general R - n asymptotic behavior. The aim of this paper is to discuss the efficiency of this method for the interpretation of experimental vibrationalspectra of long-range diatomic molecules when two channels are coupled. A Lu-Fano analysis is implemented on experimental data for the Cs 2 0 + u (6S+6P 1 / 2 , 3 / 2 ) photoassociation spectra below the 6S+P 1 / 2 and 6S+P 3 / 2 dissociation limits. The parameters are fitted on level energies and predissociation widths, giving information about the asymptotic coefficients C 3 for both channels and about a coupling parameter which determines the variation of predissociation widths as a function of detuning. This parameter can be extrapolated above the 6S+P 3 / 2 threshold to yield the fine-structure transition cross section between the two channels. The probability for such a transition in a model where hyperfine structure effects are neglected is found to be 0.54.
Modifications in turbulence and edge electric fields at the L–H transition in the DIII‐D tokamak

The L to H transition in the DIII‐D tokamak [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1986 (IAEA, Vienna, 1987), Vol. I, p. 159] is associated with two clear signatures: edge density fluctuations are abruptly suppressed (in ≊100 μsec), while the edge poloidal rotation velocity vθ increases, implying that the radial electric field Er becomes more negative. Detailed new spectroscopic profile measurements show that the changes in vθ and Er generate a region of sheared electric field and poloidal flow of width ≊3–5 cm. This region develops simultaneously with, and has the same spatial extent as, the edge fluctuation suppression zone as measured using a reflectometer system. Furthermore, the radial extent of the shear and fluctuation suppression zones encompass the location of the H‐mode edge transport barrier. These observations are consistent with recent theoretical models of the L–H transition, and a comparison with these theories is presented. Data are also presented on the evolution of edge .
Current Advantages in the Application of Microencapsulation in Functional Bread Development

Bread is one of the most widely embraced food products and is highly accepted by consumers. Despite being rich in complex carbohydrates (i.e., starch), bread is generally poor in other micro- and macronutrients. Rising consumer demand for healthier food has resulted in the growth of studies focused on bread fortification with bioactive ingredients (i.e., vitamins, prebiotics, and vegetable extracts). However, the baking process leads to the reduction (or even lessening) of the added substance. In addition, the direct inclusion of bioactive compounds and additives in bread has other limitations, such as adverse effects on sensory characteristics and undesirable interaction with other food ingredients. Encapsulation allows for overcoming these drawbacks and at the same time improves the overall quality and shelf-life of bread by controlling the release, protection, and uniform distribution of these compounds. In the last ten years, several studies have shown that including micro/nano-encapsulated bioactive substances instead of free compounds allows for the enrichment or fortification of bread, which can be achieved without negatively impacting its physicochemical and textural properties. This review aims to identify and highlight useful applications in the production of new functional bread through encapsulation technology, summarizing the heath benefit and the effect of microcapsule inclusion in dough and bread from a technological and sensory point of view.
On the Evolutionary Trajectory of SARS-CoV-2: Host Immunity as a Driver of Adaptation in RNA Viruses

Host immunity can exert a complex array of selective pressures on a pathogen, which can drive highly mutable RNA viruses towards viral escape. The plasticity of a virus depends on its rate of mutation, as well as the balance of fitness cost and benefit of mutations, including viral adaptations to the host’s immune response. Since its emergence, SARS-CoV-2 has diversified into genetically distinct variants, which are characterised often by clusters of mutations that bolster its capacity to escape human innate and adaptive immunity. Such viral escape is well documented in the context of other pandemic RNA viruses such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza virus. This review describes the selection pressures the host’s antiviral immunity exerts on SARS-CoV-2 and other RNA viruses, resulting in divergence of viral strains into more adapted forms. As RNA viruses obscure themselves from host immunity, they uncover weak points in their own armoury that can inform more comprehensive, long-lasting, and potentially cross-protective vaccine coverage.
Impulsive control for a Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model with time-delay and its application to chaotic systems

A control approach where the fuzzy logic methodology is combined with impulsive control is developed for controlling some time-delay chaotic systems in this paper. We first introduce impulses into each subsystem with delay of the Takagi–Sugeno (TS) fuzzy IF–THEN rules and then present a unified TS impulsive fuzzy model with delay for chaos control. Based on the new model, a simple and unified set of conditions for controlling chaotic systems is derived by the Lyapunov–Razumikhin method, and a design procedure for estimating bounds on control matrices is also given. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of this method.
Challenges faced in developing an ideal chronic wound model

ABSTRACT Introduction Chronic wounds are a major drain on healthcare resources and can lead to substantial reductions in quality of life for those affected. Moreover, they often precede serious events such as limb amputations and premature death. In the long run, this burden is likely to escalate with an ageing population and lifestyle diseases such as obesity. Thus far, the identification of beneficial therapeutics against chronic wounds have been hindered by the lack of an ideal chronic wound animal model. Although animal models of delayed healing have been developed, none of these models fully recapitulate the complexity of the human chronic wound condition. Furthermore, most animals do not develop chronic wounds. Only the thoroughbred racehorse develops chronic ulcers. Areas covered In this review, the different characteristics of chronic wounds that highlight its complexity are described. In addition, currently available models reflecting different aspects of chronic wound pathology and their relevance to human chronic wounds are discussed. This article concludes by listing relevant features representative of an ideal chronic wound model. Additionally, alternative approaches for the development of chronic wound models are discussed. Expert opinion Delayed models of healing, including the streptozotocin diabetic model, skin flap model and magnet-induced IR models have emerged. While these models have been widely adopted for preclinical therapeutic testing, their relevance towards human chronic wounds remains debatable. In particular, current delayed healing models often fail to fully incorporate the key characteristics of chronic ulcers. Ultimately, more representative models are required to expedite the advancement of novel therapeutics to the clinic.
Genetic Diversity and Expanded Host Range of J Paramyxovirus Detected in Wild Small Mammals in China

J paramyxovirus (JPV) is a rodent-borne Jeilongvirus isolated from moribund mice (Mus musculus) with hemorrhagic lung lesions trapped in the 1972 in northern Queensland, Australia. The JPV antibodies have been detected in wild mice, wild rats, pigs, and human populations in Australia. Here, by next-generation sequencing (NGS), we detected JPV from M. musculus in Shandong Province of China. Molecular detection of JPV was performed to survey to survey the infection among 66 species of wild small mammals collected from six eco-climate regions in China by applying JPV specific RT-PCR and sequencing. Altogether, 21 out of 3070 (0.68%) wild small mammals of four species were positive for JPV, including 5.26% (1/19) of Microtus fortis, 3.76% (17/452) of M. musculus, 1.67% (1/60) of Apodemus peninsulae, and 0.48% (2/421) of Apodemus agrarius, which captured three eco-climate regions of China (northeastern China, northern China, and Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang). Sequence analysis revealed the currently identified JPV was clustered with other 14 Jeilongvirus members, and shared 80.2% and 89.2% identity with Australia’s JPV partial RNA polymerase (L) and glycoprotein (G) genes, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the separation of three lineages of the current JPV sequences. Our results show three new hosts (A. agrarius, A. peninsulae, and M. fortis) for JPV, most of which were widely distributed in China, and highlight the potential zoonotic transmission of JPV in humans. The detection of JPV in wild small mammals in China broaden the viral diversity, geographical distribution, and reservoir types of JPV. Future studies should prioritize determining the epidemiological characteristics of JPV, so that potential risks can be mitigated.
First Evidence of the Protective Effects of 2-Pentadecyl-2-Oxazoline (PEA-OXA) in In Vitro Models of Acute Lung Injury

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious inflammatory lung disorder and a complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, the transition to ARDS is principally due to the occurrence of a cytokine storm and an exacerbated inflammatory response. The effectiveness of ultra-micronized palmitoylethanolamide (PEA-um) during the earliest stage of COVID-19 has already been suggested. In this study, we evaluated its protective effects as well as the effectiveness of its congener, 2-pentadecyl-2-oxazoline (PEA-OXA), using in vitro models of acute lung injury. In detail, human lung epithelial cells (A549) activated by polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid (poly-(I:C)) or Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) were treated with PEA-OXA or PEA. The release of IL-6 and the appearance of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) were measured by ELISA and immunofluorescence assays, respectively. A possible mechanism of action for PEA-OXA and PEA was also investigated. Our results showed that both PEA-OXA and PEA were able to counteract poly-(I:C)-induced IL-6 release, as well as to revert TGF-β-induced EMT. In addition, PEA was able to produce an “entourage” effect on the levels of the two endocannabinoids AEA and 2-AG, while PEA-OXA only increased PEA endogenous levels, in poly-(I:C)-stimulated A549 cells. These results evidence for the first time the superiority of PEA-OXA over PEA in exerting protective effects and point to PEA-OXA as a new promising candidate in the management of acute lung injury.
Predicted profiles of ultraviolet interstellar absorption lines

In this paper, values of the column density, line width parameter, and velocity are determined for as many components derived from optical interstellar absorption-line profiles of Na I and K I as needed to reproduce the observed high-resolution optical profiles of the D lines of Na I toward eight lightly reddened stars and of the 7698 A line of K I toward six moderately reddened stars. The derived component structures are then used to predict UV absorption-line profiles due to C I, Mg I, S I, Si I, and Fe I along the same lines of sight. Comparison of the predicted profiles with existing lower resolution line profiles and equivalent width data suggests that this simple scaling procedure can in many cases fairly reliably predict the UV profiles from the observed optical ones. 64 refs.
Recent Progresses in Solution-Processed Tandem Organic and Quantum Dots Light-Emitting Diodes

Solution processes have promising advantages of low manufacturing cost and large-scale production, potentially applied for the fabrication of organic and quantum dot light-emitting diodes (OLEDs and QLEDs). To meet the expected lifespan of OLEDs/QLEDs in practical display and lighting applications, tandem architecture by connecting multiple light-emitting units (LEUs) through a feasible intermediate connection layer (ICL) is preferred. However, the combination of tandem architecture with solution processes is still limited by the choices of obtainable ICLs due to the unsettled challenges, such as orthogonal solubility, surface wettability, interfacial corrosion, and charge injection. This review focuses on the recent progresses of solution-processed tandem OLEDs and tandem QLEDs, covers the design and fabrication of various ICLs by solution process, and provides suggestions on the future challenges of corresponding materials and devices, which are anticipated to stimulate the exploitation of the emerging light technologies.
Sparse unmixing analysis for hyperspectral imagery of space objects

Spectral unmixing analysis for hyperspectral images aims at estimating the pure constituent materials (called endmembers) in each mixed pixel and their corresponding fractional abundances. In this article, we use a semi-supervised approach based on a large spectral database. It aims at finding the optimal subset of spectral signatures in a large spectral library that can best model each mixed pixel in the scene and computes the fractional abundance which every spectral signal corresponds to. We use l2 - l1 sparse regression technical which has the advantage of being convex. Then we adopt split Bregman iteration algorithm to solve the problem. It converges quickly and the value of regularization parameter could remain constant during iterations. Our experiments use simulated pure and mixed pixel hyperspectral images of Hubble Space Telescope. The endmembers selected in the solution are the real materials' spectrums in the simulated data and the approximations of their corresponding fractional abundances are close to the true situation. The results indicate the algorithm works well.
Liquid crystal mixtures with the chiral benzoate dopant

ABSTRACT The results of studies conducted by means complementary methods: differential scanning calorimetry, transmitted light intensity measurements, polarized optical microscopy and electrooptical methods of two new liquid crystal mixtures are presented. The investigated mixtures consist of achiral thiosobenzoates, 7OS5 and 8OS5, and a chiral addition of benzoate, MHOBCO6. In all mixtures there is a wide low temperature range of the existence of the ferroelectric SmC* phase.
Detail-preserving morphological filters in noise suppression

We present an impulsive noise suppression scheme using morphological filters. These filters are composed of directional morphological opening and closing both by reconstruction. A series of structuring elements with different geometrical forms in directional morphological opening and closing are investigated and different masks in grayscale image reconstruction are evaluated. The comparisons in the noise suppression and detail preservation abilities between our scheme and other nonlinear filters are studied. Investigations are also given in the reconstruction abilities by using different structuring elements in geodesic erosion and dilatation.
Multiple coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering due to phonon grating in K Nb O 3 induced by crossed beams of two-color femtosecond pulses

Multiple coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering signals of the phase-matched SHG light were observed in $\mathrm{K}\mathrm{Nb}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, by using a pair of crossed beams of two near-infrared femtosecond pulses under the resonant pumping of a particular optical phonon. Angle-resolved spectroscopy reveals that the phonon grating induced by the crossed beams is responsible for the signals up to the eleventh order covering a broad wavelength region, with the intensities of the same order. A theoretical explanation for the present phenomenon is presented. The result is compared with similar but collinear ones due to vibration or rotation modes in molecular gases in literatures. The significance of the present work is discussed from the viewpoints of Raman coherence and of developing ultrafast pulses in a condensed matter.
Water Deficit-Induced Changes in Phenolic Acid Content in Maize Leaves Is Associated with Altered Expression of Cinnamate 4-Hydroxylase and p-Coumaric Acid 3-Hydroxylase

The amino acid phenylalanine is a precursor to phenolic acids that constitute the lignin biosynthetic pathway. Although there is evidence of a role of some phenolic acids in plant responses to pathogens and salinity, characterization of the involvement of phenolic acids in plant responses to drought is limited. Drought reduces water content in plant tissue and can lead to decreased cell viability and increased cell death. We thus subjected maize seedlings to water deficit and evaluated relative water content and cell viability together with p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid contents in the leaves. Furthermore, we measured the enzymatic activity of cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.11) and p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.17.2) and associated these with the expression of genes encoding cinnamate 4-hydroxylase and p-coumarate-3 hydroxylase in response to water deficit. Water deficit reduced relative water content and cell viability in maize leaves. This corresponded with decreased p-coumaric acid but increased caffeic and ferulic acid content in the leaves. Changes in the phenolic acid content of the maize leaves were associated with increased enzymatic activities of cinnamate 4-hydroxylase and p-coumarate hydroxylase. The increased enzymatic activity of p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase was associated with increased expression of a gene encoding p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase. We thus conclude that metabolic pathways involving phenolic acids may contribute to the regulation of drought responses in maize, and we propose that further work to elucidate this regulation may contribute to the development of new maize varieties with improved drought tolerance. This can be achieved by marker-assisted selection to select maize lines with high levels of expression of genes encoding cinnamate 4-hydroxylase and/or p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase for use in breeding programs aimed and improving drought tolerance, or by overexpression of these genes via genetic engineering to confer drought tolerance.
Assessment Study on the Solvent Resistance of Low-Density Polyethylene with Pumpkin Seed Hulls

When designing products that are made of composite materials and that contain natural fillers, it is particularly important to consider the long-term exposure of these materials to caustic liquids and substances (concentrated acids, bases), and to ensure that these products meet strict requirements for reliability and operational safety. This study investigated the effects of different solvents on the mass, mechanical, thermal, surface, and structural properties of polymer composites containing natural fillers in the form of pumpkin seed hulls. Experiments were conducted using four different filler contents (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) and grain sizes ranging from 0.2 to 0.4 mm and 0.6 to 0.8 mm. Hybrid injection-moulded pieces were immersed in distilled water (H2O), 1% NaOH solution, acetone (C3H6O), and toluene (C7H8) for 84 days. After that, their mechanical and thermal properties as well as their structure geometries were analysed statistically. Changes in the properties of the tested composite materials were assessed depending on the solvent type, and the statistical significance of these changes were determined. The results showed that the nature of degradation depended on the applied solvent type. It was observed that the polymer matrix of the toluene-immersed samples absorbed the liquid to a significant extent first and then underwent a gradual degradation with time. In contrast, the samples immersed in water showed a slight increase in their mass. It was found that all tested properties of the composite samples deteriorated irrespective of the solvent type.
Binary optoacoustic holography with a spatial light modulator

A purely optical method to generate and to steer an ultrasonic beam is presented. The generation of the ultrasonic beam in the kilohertz to megahertz regime is achieved by using the optoacoustic effect in a layer attached to the surface of a water tank, which absorbs time-modulated laser pulses. In order to tailor the emitted acoustic wave, diffractive optics concepts are applied to acoustics. To this end, the laser light intensity distribution at the absorbing surface is controlled by sending a computer-calculated pattern to a transmissive high-resolution liquid-crystal display in the beam path. This results in an acoustic analog to the “diffractive optical elements” in laser optics, with the emitted ultrasonic wave emerging in a predetermined way. The proof of principle is demonstrated for examples such as phase gratings and binary Fresnel lenses. The optoacoustic ultrasound generation with holographic diffractive steering is a flexible method with the potential of new applications in ultrasound diagnos.
Temperature fluctuations in interstellar grains. I. Computational method and sublimation of small grains

A technique is presented for calculating the temperature distribution of interstellar dust grains in the presence of a radiation field or collisional heating by a hot gas, or both. The distribution functions are computed for grain sizes ranging from 0.02 micron to 2.5 A for graphite and silicate grains. Five different radiation fields are considered: one and three times the average interstellar radiation in the solar neighborhood, the radiation field 0.3 pc from a B3V star appropriate for visual reflection nebulae, and the radiation fields in interstellar clouds at optical depths corresponding to visual extinctions of A(V) = 0.25 mag and A(V) = 0.50 mag. For the interstellar radiation field in the solar neighborhood, a minimum grain size N(crit) of roughly 23 for graphite grains and N(crit) of roughly 37 for silicate grains, where N(crit) is the number of atoms in a grain for which the lifetime against sublimation is 10 to the 13th s. 27 refs.
Endophyte Enhanced the Antioxidant Capacity
of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Drought Stress

The mitigation mechanism of endophytic fungus EF0801 on rice seedlings under PEG stress was examined in the present study. Rice seedlings were divided into endophyte infection (E+) group and non-infection (E-) group under 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% PEG stress for 6 days. The results showed that plant height, aboveground dry weight, the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), and the contents of ascorbic acid (ASC), total ascorbic acid (TASC), glutathione (GSH) and total glutathione (TGSH) of E- group decreased significantly, while root length and underground dry weight first increased and then decreased, but electrical conductivity (EC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and superoxide anion (O 2– ) contents increased with the increasing PEG concentrations. However, compared to E- group, the increases in the activities of GR, and APX, and the contents of Pro, TASC, TGSH and GSH result in the decreases in the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), O 2– and MDA, and the increases in plant height and aboveground dry weight in E+ group. These results suggested that endophytic infection promoted ascorbic acid-glutathione cycle, thereby inhibiting oxidative stress to a certain extent, and subsequently improving the resistance of rice seedlings to PEG stress.