Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Status of the GDT Experiment and Future Plans

In the recent experiments, on-axis transverse beta exceeding 0.4 in the fast ion turning points near the end mirrors has been achieved in the GDT experiment with 4 MW injection of 15-17 keV deuterium neutral beams at the center of the device. Neither enhanced transverse losses of the plasma nor anomalies in the fast ion scattering and slowing down were observed. The measured beta value is close to that needed in the versions of the GDT-based 14 MeV neutron source. At the same time, the electron temperature for given injection power and pulse duration is limited to 100-130eV. Its further increase is planned after upgrade of the injection system and increase of the magnetic field at the center of device up to 0.3T. Upgrade of the injection system assumes that neutral beam power incident on to the plasma will be increased up to 9-10 MW and pulse duration is extended from 1.2 to 5 ms. According to the results of numerical simulations, for the extended pulse duration a plasma steady state will be achieved with electron temperature of 250-320 eV, depending upon the assumptions on the transverse energy loss rate. Future experiments on the GDT-upgrade are discussed in the paper.
Synthesis of tapered resistive strips

A technique for synthesizing a resistive taper that generates desired bistatic scattering and backscattering patterns from a strip is outlined. Antenna synthesis techniques relate the scattered field to the induced surface current density. Physical optics approximations then relate the induced current to the resistivity. The taper is checked by computing the surface current density and scattered fields of the tapered resistive strip using the integral equation formulation and comparing with the physical optics results.
Regulation of 3′ splice site selection after step 1 of splicing by spliceosomal C* proteins

Alternative precursor messenger RNA splicing is instrumental in expanding the proteome of higher eukaryotes, and changes in 3′ splice site (3'ss) usage contribute to human disease. We demonstrate by small interfering RNA–mediated knockdowns, followed by RNA sequencing, that many proteins first recruited to human C* spliceosomes, which catalyze step 2 of splicing, regulate alternative splicing, including the selection of alternatively spliced NAGNAG 3′ss. Cryo–electron microscopy and protein cross-linking reveal the molecular architecture of these proteins in C* spliceosomes, providing mechanistic and structural insights into how they influence 3'ss usage. They further elucidate the path of the 3′ region of the intron, allowing a structure-based model for how the C* spliceosome potentially scans for the proximal 3′ss. By combining biochemical and structural approaches with genome-wide functional analyses, our studies reveal widespread regulation of alternative 3′ss usage after step 1 of splicing and the likely mechanisms whereby C* proteins influence NAGNAG 3′ss choices.
Thick GaN Epitaxial Growth with Low Dislocation Density by Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy

Thick GaN layers were grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) with the aim of using these layers as a homoepitaxial substrate to improve device quality of laser diodes or light emitting diodes. HVPE is very useful for thick layer growth since the growth rate can reach from several ten up to one hundred micron per hour. In this experiment, the growth began as selective growth through openings formed in a SiO2 mask. Facets consisting of {1101} planes were formed in the early stage and a continuous film developed from the coalescence of these facets on the SiO2 mask. As a result, GaN layers with a dislocation density as low as 6×107 cm-2 were grown on 2-inch-diameter sapphire wafers. These GaN layers were crack-free and had mirror-like surface.
Assessing the diagnostic utility of a test

Given the sensitivity and specificity of a binary test, Lindley and Novick's criterion of diagnostic utility is characterized by the range R of prevalence values in which opposing test results are in correct correspondence to opposing posterior odds on the disease. If the utility range of a new test includes the utility range R of an alternative test, then the new test is uniformly at least as useful as the standard, for all prevalence levels in R. A descriptive interpretation of the criterion is suggested and its statistical analysis is discussed.
Two-phase optimized inverse kinematics for motion replication of real human models

This paper proposes a novel two-phase optimization method to solve the joint variables of a real human model using captured motion data. A dual-mode 3D vision system was used to generate a body geometric model. Twenty-three link segments were separated from the body model. Markers were then affixed on each link for motion capturing by the same vision system. A body kinematic model was then constructed from the geometric model by assigning joint constraints between every two adjacent links. The model contains five kinematic chains with 48 joint freedoms. Joint variables were solved by the first-phase optimization to obtain an appropriate initial posture between two adjacent links. For each kinematic chain, redundant joint variables were solved using the second-phase optimization. By setting proper weightings, the resulting postures of the kinematic model closely match up with those of the motion captured data, while the endpoints can trace the original trajectories as well. Furthermore, the kinematic model offers more reasonable motions than the geometric model that replicates the raw motion data since some excessive movements are corrected by the joint constraints.
TORSIONAL VIBRATIONS OF THE DRIVE SHAFTS OF MECHANISMS

Abstract A study on the torsional vibrations of the drive shafts of mechanisms having variable inertia has been presented in a previous paper by the authors. The drive shaft has been assumed to be a continuous element with distributed mass. Continuous element modelling of the shaft leads to a different mathematical formulation. In this previous paper, the boundary value problem of torsional vibrations of a drive shaft has been formulated and the forced response has been examined. In the analysis, a simpler form of boundary condition for the motor side of the shaft has been considered. In this paper, the analysis is extended to a more general boundary condition of the motor side of the shaft. For this purpose, two solution techniques, a series solution method and a perturbation solution, are given and the effects of motor characteristics on the behavior of the drive shaft are examined.
Quantum approach to1fnoise

On the basis of the known experimental properties of $\frac{1}{f}$ noise, some previous models are analyzed. The presence of $\frac{1}{f}$ noise in the simplest systems such as beams of charged particles in vacuum, the existence of $\frac{1}{f}$ noise in currents limited by the surface recombination rate, bulk recombination rate, or by the finite mobility determined by interaction with the phonons in solids, suggests a fundamental fluctuation of the corresponding elementary cross sections. This leads to fluctuations of the kinetic transport coefficients such as mobility $\ensuremath{\mu}$ or recombination speed, observable both in equilibrium and nonequilibrium. In the first case the available Johnson noise power $\mathrm{kT}$, determined by the Nyquist theorem, is free of this type of $\frac{1}{f}$ fluctuation. An elementary calculation is presented which shows that any cross section, or process rate, involving charged particles, exhibits $\frac{1}{f}$ noise as an infrared phenomenon. For single-particle processes, the experimental value of Hooge's constant is obtained as an upper limit, corresponding to very large velocity changes of the current carriers, close to the speed of light. The obtained ${sin}^{2}(\frac{\ensuremath{\theta}}{2})$ dependence on the mean scattering angle predicts much lower $\frac{1}{f}$ noise for (low-angle) impurity scattering, showing a strong ($\ensuremath{\sim}\frac{{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{2}}{{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{latt}}^{2}}$) noise increase with temperature at the transition to lattice scattering. This is in qualitative agreement with measurements on thin films and on heavily doped semiconductors, or on manganin. The theory is based on the infrared quasidivergence present in all cross sections (and in some autocorrelation functions) due to interaction of the current carriers with massless infraquanta: photons, electron-hole pair excitations at metallic Fermi surfaces, generalized spin waves, transverse phonons, hydrodynamic excitations of other quanta, very low-energy excitations of quasidegenerate states observed, e.g., in disordered materials, at surfaces, or at lattice imperfections, etc. The observed $\frac{1}{f}$ noise is the sum of these contributions, and can be used to detect and study new infraquanta.
Quasistatic characteristics of slotted parallel-plate waveguides

The quasistatic characteristics of a parallel-plate waveguide with multiple slots of infinite extension in its upper plate are investigated in this paper. The analysis utilises the characteristic currents for the slots determined under the quasistatic approximation. The equivalent magnetic currents on the slots and the radiation pattern are determined when the array of slots is illuminated by a transverse electromagnetic wave incident in the waveguide, or by a transverse electric plane wave incident in the upper half-space. Analytic expressions, in the case of a single slot, are also given.
Ensemble spread‐based assessment of observation impact: application to a global ocean analysis system

This article explores an ensemble strategy for evaluating the impact of different observing networks. The impact is represented by the relative ensemble spread increase, in model space, of data‐denial ensemble simulations with respect to an ‘all‐observation’ ensemble experiment, evaluated independently for each observing network. The forecast‐error covariance intercomparison reduces to the ensemble spread intercomparison; thus, the method can be applied to any assimilation system and requires only the proper construction of an ensemble system, although the impact assessment results depend on the specific configuration of the investigated analysis system. Our approach allows us to determine the impact of the observing networks in model space (unlike Observing System Experiments) and for different forecast ranges of the ocean general circulation model. No tangent‐linear and adjoint coding of the ocean model are required. The method is applied for demonstration to a large‐scale global ocean variational analysis system. The ensemble members are generated by (i) perturbing the observations within the 3D‐Var assimilation scheme, (ii) perturbing the surface forcing, and (iii) stochastically perturbing the ocean model parametrisation tendencies. The impact is calculated for CTDs, XBTs, moorings, Argo, sea‐level anomaly observations and sea‐surface temperature measurements from space‐borne microwave instruments within the three‐year period from January 2003 to December 2005. It turns out, on the global scale, that altimetry exhibits the largest impact on near‐surface temperature and sea‐surface height. In contrast, deep‐ocean impacts are led by the Argo float network. As expected, space‐borne observations (sea‐level anomaly and sea‐surface temperature observations) increase their impact in the Southern Ocean, due to the lack of a robust network of in situ observations. The results of the impact on the salinity indicate the great importance of Argo floats, especially in the northern Extratropics.
Thermally stimulated current studies on neutron irradiation induced defects in GaN

The evaluation of the neutron irradiation induced defects in GaN is studied using a thermally stimulated current (TSC) method with excitation above (below) the energy band gap using ultraviolet (blue, green, red, and infrared) emitting diodes. Annealing at 1000°C, a broad TSC spectrum for excitation by the ultraviolet light is resolved by five traps, P1 (ionization energy is 200meV), P2 (270meV), P3 (380meV), P4 (490meV), and P5 (595meV). Infrared illumination shows a remarkable reduction in TSC for the P2 and P3 traps, indicating the photoquenching behavior. The possible origins of the observed five traps are discussed.
NUCLEAR SPIN RELAXATION IN GASEOUS METHANE AND ITS DEUTERATED MODIFICATIONS.

The spin-lattice relaxation time T1 for protons and deuterons in CH4, CH3D, CH2D2, CHD3, and CD4 has been measured as a function of density ρ and temperature T for 0.1 Amagat Amagats and The results are interpreted, using the approximation that the correlation function of each operator in the angular momentum coordinates is expressed as a product of the free molecule correlation function and an exponentially decaying function of time. The proton spin relaxation is found to be due to the spin-rotation interaction, while the deuteron spin relaxation is due to the intramolecular quadrupolar interaction.
KeJia: towards an autonomous service robot with tolerance of unexpected environmental changes

KeJia is a domestic service robot, consisting of a mobile base, an arm, two cameras, and a set of software components for perception, manipulation, natural language understanding, motion and task planning, and decision making. With on-line running of these functions, a robot can adapt to dynamic environments which may have unexpected changes. In this paper, we propose a novel hierarchical method which combines motion planning with a neural network, so that the robot can tolerate errors from sensors, wear of parts, and human disturbances during motion execution. We evaluate our work on KeJia that cooks popcorn using a microwave oven, where humans try to disturb KeJia during the operation.
Synthesis and Extension of One‐Dimensional Nonlinear Hysteretic Models

Structures under dynamic loading usually exhibit nonlinear hysteretic behavior, especially under strong earthquake excitation. The exact nature of this behavior may vary greatly from structure to structure. Therefore, a lot of one-dimensional hysteretic models have been developed, including the smooth-varying and piecewise-linear (PWL) varieties. In this paper, we present a synthesis and extension of the myriad hysteretic structural models into a general nonlinear hysteretic model, which is mathematically tractable and covers smooth-varying hysteretic models and various PWL hysteretic models. Because the formulation developed to describe the equation of motion is a nonlinear state equation, we can find the dynamic response explicitly, based on the explicit-integration approach, and dependably in both deterministic and stochastic ways. Based on the formulation, we also demonstrate the similarity of the responses of the PWL and smooth-varying hysteretic models. Finally, we add some comments on the extension of stochastic equivalent linearization techniques by smoothing the PWL hysteric models.
Achieving minimum length scale in topology optimization using nodal design variables and projection functions

A methodology for imposing a minimum length scale on structural members in discretized topology optimization problems is described. Nodal variables are implemented as the design variables and are projected onto element space to determine the element volume fractions that traditionally define topology. The projection is made via mesh independent functions that are based upon the minimum length scale. A simple linear projection scheme and a non‐linear scheme using a regularized Heaviside step function to achieve nearly 0–1 solutions are examined. The new approach is demonstrated on the minimum compliance problem and the popular SIMP method is used to penalize the stiffness of intermediate volume fraction elements. Solutions are shown to meet user‐defined length scale criterion without additional constraints, penalty functions or sensitivity filters. No instances of mesh dependence or checkerboard patterns have been observed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First bioanthropological evidence for Yamnaya horsemanship

The origins of horseback riding remain elusive. Scientific studies show that horses were kept for their milk ~3500 to 3000 BCE, widely accepted as indicating domestication. However, this does not confirm them to be ridden. Equipment used by early riders is rarely preserved, and the reliability of equine dental and mandibular pathologies remains contested. However, horsemanship has two interacting components: the horse as mount and the human as rider. Alterations associated with riding in human skeletons therefore possibly provide the best source of information. Here, we report five Yamnaya individuals well-dated to 3021 to 2501 calibrated BCE from kurgans in Romania, Bulgaria, and Hungary, displaying changes in bone morphology and distinct pathologies associated with horseback riding. These are the oldest humans identified as riders so far.
Airway delivery of Streptococcus salivarius is sufficient to induce experimental pulmonary hypertension in rats

The causal relationship between altered host microbiome composition, especially the respiratory tract microbiome, and the occurrence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) has not yet been studied. An increased abundance of airway streptococci is seen in patients with PH compared with healthy individuals. This study aimed to determine the causal link between elevated airway exposure to Streptococcus and PH.
Conditions for convergence of Monte Carlo EM sequences with an application to product diffusion modeling

Intractable maximum likelihood problems can sometimes be finessed with a Monte Carlo implementation of the EM algorithm. However, there appears to be little theory governing when Monte Carlo EM (M C E M) sequences converge. Consequently, in some applications, convergence is assumed rather than proved. Motivated by this problem in the context of modeling market penetration of new products and services over time, we develop (i) high-level conditions for rates of almost-sure convergence and convergence in distribution of any M C E M sequence and (ii) primitive conditions for almost-sure monotonicity and almost-sure convergence of an M C E M sequence when Monte Carlo integration is carried out using independent Gibbs runs. We verify the main primitive conditions for the Bass product diffusion model and apply the methodology to data on wireless telecommunication services.
Hybrid petacomputing meets cosmology: The Roadrunner Universe project

The target of the Roadrunner Universe project at Los Alamos National Laboratory is a set of very large cosmological N-body simulation runs on the hybrid supercomputer Roadrunner, the world's first petaflop platform. Roadrunner's architecture presents opportunities and difficulties characteristic of next-generation supercomputing. We describe a new code designed to optimize performance and scalability by explicitly matching the underlying algorithms to the machine architecture, and by using the physics of the problem as an essential aid in this process. While applications will differ in specific exploits, we believe that such a design process will become increasingly important in the future. The Roadrunner Universe project code, MC3 (Mesh-based Cosmology Code on the Cell), uses grid and direct particle methods to balance the capabilities of Roadrunner's conventional (Opteron) and accelerator (Cell BE) layers. Mirrored particle caches and spectral techniques are used to overcome communication bandwidth limitations and possible difficulties with complicated particle-grid interaction templates.
Integrals involving products of G-function and Gauss's hypergeometric function

1. The main object of this note is to evaluate two definite integrals involving the product of Meijer's G-function with Gauss's hypergeometric function. The first result established in this paper is the extension of the results recently given by Saxena ((3), page 490) in these proceedings and includes both of his results given there as particular cases.
Prediction of chaperonin GroE substrates using small structural patterns of proteins

Molecular chaperones are indispensable proteins that assist the folding of aggregation‐prone proteins into their functional native states, thereby maintaining organized cellular systems. Two of the best‐characterized chaperones are the Escherichia coli chaperonins GroEL and GroES (GroE), for which in vivo obligate substrates have been identified by proteome‐wide experiments. These substrates comprise various proteins but exhibit remarkable structural features. They include a number of α/β proteins, particularly those adopting the TIM β/α barrel fold. This observation led us to speculate that GroE obligate substrates share a structural motif. Based on this hypothesis, we exhaustively compared substrate structures with the MICAN alignment tool, which detects common structural patterns while ignoring the connectivity or orientation of secondary structural elements. We selected four (or five) substructures with hydrophobic indices that were mostly included in substrates and excluded in others, and developed a GroE obligate substrate discriminator. The substructures are structurally similar and superimposable on the 2‐layer 2α4β sandwich, the most popular protein substructure, implying that targeting this structural pattern is a useful strategy for GroE to assist numerous proteins. Seventeen false positives predicted by our methods were experimentally examined using GroE‐depleted cells, and 9 proteins were confirmed to be novel GroE obligate substrates. Together, these results demonstrate the utility of our common substructure hypothesis and prediction method.
The Prevalence of Periodontitis Among US Adults with Multimorbidity Using NHANES Data 2011–2014

Introduction: Often misperceived as solely a dental disease, periodontitis is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation of the support structures of the tooth and associated with chronic systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Despite affecting almost 40% of US adults 30 years of age or older, periodontitis is rarely considered when quantifying the multimorbidity (the presence of 2 or more chronic conditions in an individual) burden for our patients. Multimorbidity represents a major challenge for primary care and is associated with increasing health care expenditure and increased hospitalizations. We hypothesized that periodontitis was associated with multimorbidity. Methods: To interrogate our hypothesis, we performed a secondary data analysis of a population-based cross-sectional survey, the NHANES 2011 to 2014 dataset. The study population included US adults aged 30 years or older who underwent a periodontal examination. Prevalence of periodontitis in individuals with and without multimorbidity was calculated using likelihood estimates and adjusting for confounding variables with logistic regression models. Results: Individuals with multimorbidity were more likely than the general population and individuals without multimorbidity to have periodontitis. However, in adjusted analyses, there was no independent association between periodontitis and multimorbidity. Given the absence of an association, we included periodontitis as a qualifying condition for the diagnosis of multimorbidity. As a result, the prevalence of multimorbidity in US adults 30 years and older increased from 54.1% to 65.8%. Discussion: Periodontitis is a highly prevalent, preventable chronic inflammatory condition. It shares many common risk factors with multimorbidity but was not independently associated with multimorbidity in our study. Further research is required to understand these observations and whether treating periodontitis in patients with multimorbidity may improve health care outcomes.