Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A robust sagittal plane hexapedal running model with serial elastic actuation and simple periodic feedforward control

In this article we present a sagittal plane, sprawled posture hexapedal running model with distributed body inertia, massless legs and serial elastic actuation at the hips as well as along the telescoping legs. We show by simulation that simple, periodic, feedforward controlled actuation is sufficient to obtain steady period 1 running gaits at twice the actuation frequency. We observe a nearly linear relation of average running speed and actuation frequency. The ground reaction profiles of the legs show leg specialization as observed in running insects. Interleg phasing has a strong influence on the foot fall sequence and thus the overall body dynamics. While the single leg ground reaction force profiles show little dependency on interleg actuation phase the total reaction force does. Thus, depending on the interleg actuation phase body motions without flight phase are observed as well as body motions and total ground reaction forces that show similarities to those obtained for the spring loaded inverted pendulum model. Further, we show that including leg damping and a ground friction model the periodic orbits have a large region of attraction with respect to the initial conditions. Additionally, the model quickly rejects step up and step down disturbances as well as force impulses. Finally, we briefly discuss the energetics of the hexapedal running model.
Graph-Based Time Token Recognition using Graph Neural Networks and Stanza Library Chronological classification on Publications with Environmental Relevance

: This publication aims to explore the capabilities of the Stanza NLP library on one hand and Graph Neural Networks on the other hand by combining them in a time token classification task. After providing information on the German ”WikiWarsDE” dataset that is used for training, the evaluation dataset consisting of environmental documents as well as the transformations applied to both datasets to enhance the model, the setup of the Neural Network is presented. Afterwards, some early test results are evaluated before possible enhancements to the model are suggested.
A 13.56 MHz high power and high efficiency RF source

This paper describes design and implementation of highly efficient, low cost 13.56 MHz, 1.5kW RF source for ICP-AES. The design is based on current mode class-D power amplifier built using push-pull hybrid DRF1300. Prototype power amplifier achieves drain efficiency of 90% for power output above 1kW. Design shows that CMCD can achieve better efficiency compared to VMCD.
Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling Open Access Scale-free Flow of Life: on the Biology, Economics, and Physics of the Cell

The present work is intended to demonstrate that most of the paradoxes, controversies, and contradictions accumulated in molecular and cell biology over many years of research can be readily resolved if the cell and living systems in general are re-interpreted within an alternative paradigm of biological organization that is based on the concepts and empirical laws of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. In addition to resolving paradoxes and controversies, the proposed re-conceptualization of the cell and biological organization reveals hitherto unappreciated connections among many seemingly disparate phenomena and observations, and provides new and powerful insights into the universal principles governing the emergence and organizational dynamics of living systems on each and every scale of biological organizational hierarchy, from proteins and cells to economies and ecologies.
The use of ATR IR spectroscopy in the study of structural changes

ger-Abstract In the present study the application of an ATR IR spectroscopic technique on the structural changes of the cellulose fibres was studied. Two examples of the cellulose modification were studied, i.e. the finishing of cotton fibres with a novel silane precursor and the biodegradation of cotton fibres with microorganisms. It was demonstrated that the analysis of the ATR IR spectra is an appropriate method for determining the chemical properties of the thin (< 100 nm) nanocomposite film, as well as for determining its structural changes after repeated washing of finished fibres. We also showed that the ATR IR spectroscopy is appropriate for investigating the biodegradation study of cellulose fibres, as interred from the changes of crystal-linity and amorphous regions of the fibres, hydrolytic and oxidative degradation of the cellulose, as well as microbial growth on the fibres.
Disentangling visual exploration differences in cognitive impairment

Objective: Compared to individuals without cognitive impairment (CI), those with CI exhibit differences in both basic oculomotor functions and complex viewing behaviors. However, the characteristics of the differences and how those differences relate to various cognitive functions have not been widely explored. In this work, we aimed to quantify those differences and assess general cognitive impairment and specific cognitive functions. Methods: A validated passive viewing memory test with eye-tracking was administered to 348 healthy controls and CI individuals. Spatial, temporal, semantic, and other composite features were extracted from the estimated eye-gaze locations on the corresponding pictures displayed during the test. These features were then used to characterize viewing patterns, classify cognitive impairment, and estimate scores in various neuropsychological tests using machine learning. Results: Statistically significant differences in spatial, spatiotemporal, and semantic features were found between healthy controls and individuals with CI. CI group spent more time gazing at the center of the image, looked at more regions of interest (ROI), transitioned less often between ROI yet in a more unpredictable manner, and had different semantic preferences. A combination of these features achieved an area under the receiver-operator curve of 0.78 in differentiating CI individuals from controls. Statistically significant correlations were identified between actual and estimated MoCA scores and other neuropsychological tests. Conclusion: Evaluating visual exploration behaviors provided quantitative and systematic evidence of differences in CI individuals, leading to an improved approach for passive cognitive impairment screening. Significance: The proposed passive, accessible, and scalable approach could help with earlier detection and a better understanding of cognitive impairment.
WLC01-2: Resource Allocation and Scheduling for Multiuser MIMO Systems: A Beamforming-Based Strategy

A resource allocation policy using transmit Beam- forming is proposed for the downlink of multiuser systems. Users to be selected for transmission in a given time slot are examined from groups of users to which the proposed algorithm determines the resources to be allocated in terms of antennas and power. The transmit beam-vectors are computed according to a zero-forcing criterion. Users are selected from different groups so as to achieve a desired balance between maximizing throughput and achieving a high degree of fairness among groups of users as well as between users within a group. Such grouping allows the proposed algorithm to make full usage of the resources and to dynamically allocate these while avoiding the complexity of the NP-complete resource reservation and users' scheduling. Computational complexity is reduced by first estimating the resources to be allocated to the groups of users and then distributing these fairly among the selected users in each group. Such an approach allows the base station to assign its antenna and power resources to groups of users for which transmission would alleviate the interference that would result in neighboring cells, or to direct the resources toward overloaded regions in the cell. Simulation results and comparisons show that the proposed dynamic resource allocation strategy achieves multiuser diversity and a high efficiency in terms controlling the tradeoff between throughput and fairness.
The magnitude of exercise-induced hypoalgesia can be improved and correlated with endogenous pain modulation following a 4-week treadmill running in female

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the changes in pain perceptions, acute exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH), and endogenous pain modulation responses following 4-week treadmill running exercises with different intensities in females. Methods: Forty-two female individuals were randomly assigned to two groups (TRL and TRH) and performed 12 sessions of treadmill running within 4 weeks. Running intensities for each group is 55% of reserve heart rate (HRR) in TRL or 70% HRR in TRH. Before and after each running sessions, the pressure pain thresholds (PPT) and mechanical pain thresholds (MPT) were measured and the difference between pre- and post-running results were calculated as EIH responses. The conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and temporal summation (TS) were also measured at baseline and 24h after final running session. Results: Treadmill running only induced acute EIH responses with all pre-running PPT and MPT remained unaltered. However, the value EIH responses were significantly positively correlated with running sessions in TRL group, and negatively correlated with running sessions in TRH group. And running at low-intensity also showed greater EIH and CPM responses, and lower TS responses than running at high intensity. Besides, the EIH were positively correlated with CPM, and negatively correlated with TS after 12 running sessions. Conclusion: Four-week low-intensity treadmill running may improve acute EIH responses with the enhancement of endogenous pain modulation in healthy females. Meanwhile, CPM and TS may be correlated with EIH and be changed after exercise training, respectively. However, the individuals baseline pain thresholds may remain unaltered and not be affected by EIH or endogenous pain modulation.
Impact of the Timing of Mechanical Circulatory Support on the Outcomes in Myocardial Infarction-Related Cardiogenic Shock: Subanalysis of the PREPARE CS Registry

(1) Background: Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in myocardial infarction-associated cardiogenic shock is subject to debate. This analysis aims to elucidate the impact of MCS’s timing on patient outcomes, based on data from the PREPARE CS registry. (2) Methods: The PREPARE CS prospective registry includes patients who experienced cardiogenic shock (SCAI classes C–E) and were subsequently referred for cardiac catheterization. Our present analysis included a subset of this registry, in whom MCS was used and who underwent coronary intervention due to myocardial infarction. Patients were categorized into an Upfront group and a Procedural group, depending on the timing of MCS’s introduction in relation to their PCI. The endpoint was in-hospital mortality. (3) Results: In total, 71 patients were included. MCS was begun prior to PCI in 33 (46%) patients (Upfront), whereas 38 (54%) received MCS during or after the initiation of PCI (Procedural). The groups’ baseline characteristics and hemodynamic parameters were comparable. The Upfront group had a higher utilization of the Impella® device compared to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (67% vs. 33%), while the Procedural group exhibited a balanced use of both (50% vs. 50%). Most patients suffered from multi-vessel disease in both groups (82% vs. 84%, respectively; p = 0.99), and most patients required a complex PCI procedure; the latter was more prevalent in the Upfront group (94% vs. 71%, respectively; p = 0.02). Their rates of complete revascularization were comparable (52% vs. 34%, respectively; p = 0.16). Procedural CPR was significantly more frequent in the Procedural group (45% vs. 79%, p < 0.05); however, in-hospital mortality was similar (61% vs. 79%, respectively; p = 0.12). (4) Conclusions: The upfront implantation of MCS in myocardial infarction-associated CS did not provide an in-hospital survival benefit.
Behavioral Neuroscience

pattern generator (CPG) (Kemenes et al., 2006). Now we examine an additional mechanism that might underlie the conditioned response that reduces the tonic inhibitory synaptic modulation of the CPG. This type of tonic or maintained inhibition is known to suppress feeding in quiescent animals in the absence of food or in satiated animals (Staras et al., 2003) but its modulation could also play a role in learning. We hypothesize that if the tonic inhibition is reduced by conditioning then it would make the feeding CPG and the CPG-driven motoneurons more easily activated by the CS. The inhibitory synaptic input that modulates feeding is known to originate from a CPG interneuron known as N3t. This N3t neuron has a monosynaptic inhibitory connection with N1M (Figure 1), a CPG interneuron whose required activation to produce a feeding rhythm depends on a reduction of N3t tonic inhibition (Staras et al., 2003). The reduction in the N3t inhibitory input leads to plateauing activity in the N1M and subsequent firing in the N2 and N3 CPG interneurons that fire in sequence (N1, N2, and N3) to drive a three phase feeding rhythm in the motoneurons. Under these circumstances the N3t fires phasically and becomes part of the CPG rhythm. We use an in vitro version of the one-trial chemical conditioning procedure (Marra et al., 2006; Harris et al., 2010) to monitor changes in the frequency of N3t tonic activity in the first few hours after conditioning. We show that there is a reduction in the N3t
Effects of butylated hydroxytoluene on blood liver enzymes and liver glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzymes in rats

This study was aimed to detect the effect of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on the liver glutathione level and glutathione-dependent enzyme activities in female Wistar albino rats. BHT was administered by oral gavage at a dose of 250 mg/kg (Group I) and 500 mg/kg (Group II) for 28 days, 1000 mg/kg (Group III) and 1500 mg/kg (Group IV) for 4 days. The serum ALT, AST and LDH activities were measured on an autoanalyzer, and liver gluthathione (GSH), gluthathione peroxidase (GPx), gluthathione S-transferase (GST), and gluthathione reductase (GR) activities were analysed with commercial ELISA kits. The ALT activity was significantly higher in Groups III and IV (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively) compared to the control group. Blood AST and LDH activities were significantly increased in Group IV (P<0.05). The GSH, GPx, GST and GR in the liver tissue were determined to be statistically low in Groups II, III and IV (P<0.001) in comparison with control group. In microscopic examination, BHT caused histopathological changes in the rat liver tissue in Groups II, III and IV depending on the dose and duration of exposure. It can be concluded that BHT plays a role in producing liver damage in rats with depressed hepatic antioxidant defense. The hepatotoxic response seemed to be doseand time-dependent.
Evaluation of Wound Healing Activity of Hydromethanolic Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Root of Verbascum Sinaiticum Benth. (Scrophulariaceae) in Swiss Albino Mice

Background The roots of Verbascum sinaiticum have been used traditionally for the management of wound in different regions of Ethiopia. Despite the presence of several claims and in vitro studies regarding its role in wound healing, no scientific studies have been conducted so far. Therefore, this study aims to scientifically evaluate the wound healing activities of the crude extract and solvent fractions of the roots of Verbascum sinaiticum in Swiss albino mice. Methods The dried root powder of Verbascum sinaiticum was extracted using 80% methanol by maceration technique. This was then fractionated with chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water. These extracts were formulated as ointment at 5% and 10% concentration by using simple base. Acute dermal toxicity was performed on mice. The wound healing potential was evaluated using excision, incision, and burn wound models. Results In excision wound, 10% and 5% of crude extract ointment provided a significant (P<0.001) percentage of contraction starting from day 4 and day 6 onwards respectively. Moreover, the rate of epithelialization was significantly (P<0.001) improved in 10% crude extract. In burn wound, 10% and 5% crude extract showed significant (P<0.001) wound contraction starting from day 4 and 8 onwards respectively. In both excision and burn wounds, a moderate concentration of fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition was observed on the 10% crude extract. The 5% and 10% aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions produced a significant (P<0.001) percentage of wound contraction and shortening of epithelialization at different time points compared to simple ointment. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrated that the 80% methanolic crude extract, aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions of Verbascum sinaiticum root have wound healing potential which assimilates its traditional use.
Control of Aluminum and Titanium Contents in the Electroslag Remelting of ATI 718PlusTM Alloy

The burning loss of Al and Ti elements in superalloys during electroslag remelting has become a prevalent issue. And the existing slag system is not suitable for smelting the ATI 718PlusTM alloy. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a new slag system for smelting the ATI 718PlusTM alloy. To mitigate this issue, a thermodynamic model of the oxidation reaction of Al and Ti at the slag and alloy interface was established based on the ion and molecule coexistence theory (IMCT). The thermodynamic model was used to investigate the correlation between the equilibrium content of Al and Ti, slag composition, smelting temperature, and initial Al and Ti content of the electrode. The results indicate that while increasing the smelting temperature can effectively inhibit the burning loss of Al, it will exacerbate the burning loss of Ti. Increasing CaO and Al2O3 contents can inhibit the Al burning loss, while an increase in the TiO2 content can inhibit the Ti burning loss. Although an increase in the MgO content results in the burning loss of Al, its impact on the Al is minimal. The burning loss of Al and Ti was not affected by the change in the CaF2 content. The high Al content in ATI 718PlusTM makes it prone to burning loss of Al during the electroslag remelting. The combustion loss of Al can be reduced by increasing the Ti content in the electrode or adding a suitable amount of aluminum powder to the slag system. The accuracy of the model had been validated through experimental verification.
Reconstruct & Crush Network

This article introduces an energy-based model that is adversarial regarding data: it minimizes the energy for a given data distribution (the positive samples) while maximizing the energy for another given data distribution (the negative or unlabeled samples). The model is especially instantiated with autoencoders where the energy, represented by the reconstruction error, provides a general distance measure for unknown data. The resulting neural network thus learns to reconstruct data from the first distribution while crushing data from the second distribution. This solution can handle different problems such as Positive and Unlabeled (PU) learning or covariate shift, especially with imbalanced data. Using autoencoders allows handling a large variety of data, such as images, text or even dialogues. Our experiments show the flexibility of the proposed approach in dealing with different types of data in different settings: images with CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 (not-in-training setting), text with Amazon reviews (PU learning) and dialogues with Facebook bAbI (next response classification and dialogue completion).
Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate versus Simulants: A Differential Diagnosis Growing in Clinical Impact

Simple Summary Though intraductal carcinoma of the prostate has been observed and recognized for years, more recently this process has emerged, to become simultaneously both a consensus, major prognostic factor and controversial parameter as relates to potential impact on the histologic grading in prostate cancer. Due to the increasing incorporation of intraductal carcinoma into risk stratification approaches and management considerations in this disease, the differential diagnoses of this lesion have become of increasing importance. Herein, we review the background of recognition of and evolution of the criteria for intraductal carcinoma, emphasizing its differential diagnoses, both neoplastic and non-neoplastic. We furthermore recommend useful immunohistochemical markers to help correctly recognize and diagnose this key process. Abstract Despite its first recognition even longer ago, in the past nearly 20 years, intraductal carcinoma of the prostate has become a standard histopathologic reporting parameter conveying a strong negative prognostic factor for prostatic adenocarcinoma. When seen at biopsy, intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is associated with risk for aggressive prostatectomy outcomes, including frequently high-grade, high-stage, high-volume disease, with increased risk for recurrence and progression. Multiple organizations, including the uropathology subspecialty societies to the World Health Organization, recognize and recommend reporting the presence of intraductal carcinoma, whether sampled in “pure” form or present with concomitant invasive adenocarcinoma. Moreover, emerging scholarship relates intraductal carcinoma to higher prevalence of homologous recombination repair deficiency mutations in prostatic adenocarcinoma, whether somatic or germline, which serve as indications for approved targeted therapies. Taken together, this is a diagnosis for the histopathologist not to miss. In view of these elevated stakes and the opportunity to further precision medicine, this review details neoplastic and non-neoplastic simulants in the differential diagnosis of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate.
Small‐Sample Adjustments for Wald‐Type Tests Using Sandwich Estimators

Summary. The sandwich estimator of variance may be used to create robust Wald‐type tests from estimating equations that are sums of K independent or approximately independent terms. For example, for repeated measures data on K individuals, each term relates to a different individual. These tests applied to a parameter may have greater than nominal size if K is small, or more generally if the parameter to be tested is essentially estimated from a small number of terms in the estimating equation. We offer some practical modifications to these robust Wald‐type tests, which asymptotically approach the usual robust Wald‐type tests. We show that one of these modifications provides exact coverage for a simple case and examine by simulation the modifications applied to the generalized estimating equations of Liang and Zeger (1986), conditional logistic regression, and the Cox proportional hazard model.