Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society

Categorical perception involves our perceptual system creating sharp boundaries along an objectively continuous stimulus property, such as the discrete colors of the rainbow being perceived despite continuous change in wavelength. The same mechanism is thought to take place in facial emotion perception. But how are emotions at these boundaries perceived? We presented participants with morphed emotional faces made by blending different emotional expressions in equal proportions. Next, we asked participants to respond freely to these ambiguous face morphs and examined these responses via natural language processing methods. The results showed that participants used many more labels than those related to the categories which went into the morphs. These results can inform theories on categorical facial perception as well as the mental representation of facial expressions.
Apo and Calcium-bound Crystal Structures of Alpha-11 Giardin , an Unusual Annexin from Giardia lamblia

0022-2836/$ see front matter © 2007 E Alpha-11 giardin is a member of the multi-gene alpha-giardin family in the intestinal protozoan, Giardia lamblia. This gene family shares an ancestry with the annexin super family, whose common characteristic is calciumdependent binding tomembranes that contain acidic phospholipids. Several alpha giardins are highly expressed during parasite-induced diarrhea in humans. Despite being amember of a large family of proteins, little is known about the function and cellular localization of alpha-11 giardin, although giardins are often associated with the cytoskeleton. It has been shown that Giardia exhibits high levels of alpha-11 giardin mRNA transcript throughout its life cycle; however, constitutive over-expression of this protein is lethal to the parasite. Determining the three-dimensional structure of an alphagiardin is essential to identifying functional domains shared in the alphagiardin family. Here we report the crystal structures of the apo and Ca2+bound forms of alpha-11 giardin, the first alpha giardin to be characterized structurally. Crystals of apo and Ca-bound alpha-11 giardin diffracted to 1.1 Å and 2.93 Å, respectively. The crystal structure of selenium-substituted apo alpha-11 giardin reveals a planar array of four tandem repeats of predominantly α-helical domains, reminiscent of previously determined annexin structures, making this the highest-resolution structure of an annexin to date. The apo alpha-11 giardin structure also reveals a hydrophobic core formed between repeats I/IVand II/III, a region typically hydrophilic in other annexins. Surprisingly, the Ca-bound structure contains only a single calcium ion, located in the DE loop of repeat I and coordinated differently from the two types of calcium sites observed in previous annexin structures. The apo and Ca-bound alpha-11 giardin structures assume overall similar conformations; however, Ca-bound alpha-11 giardin crystallized in a lower-symmetry space group with four molecules in the asymmetric unit. Vesicle-binding studies suggest that alpha-11 giardin, unlike most other annexins, does not bind to vesicles composed of acidic phospholipids in a calcium-dependent manner. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Learning With Subquadratic Regularization : A Primal-Dual Approach

Subquadratic norms have been studied recently in the context of structured sparsity, which has been shown to be more beneficial than conventional regularizers in applications such as image denoising, compressed sensing, banded covariance estimation, etc. While existing works have been successful in learning structured sparse models such as trees, graphs, their associated optimization procedures have been inefficient because of hard-to-evaluate proximal operators of the norms. In this paper, we study the computational aspects of learning with subquadratic norms in a general setup. Our main contributions are two proximal-operator based algorithms ADMM-η and CP-η, which generically apply to these learning problems with convex loss functions, and achieve a proven rate of convergence of O(1/T) after T iterations. These algorithms are derived in a primal-dual framework, which have not been examined for subquadratic norms. We illustrate the efficiency of the algorithms developed in the context of tree-structured sparsity, where they comprehensively outperform relevant baselines.
Implementation of a Virtual Switch Monitor System Using OpenFlow on Cloud

As a next generation networking protocol, the OpenFlow mechanism speeds up network performance by separating the control plane and the data plane. It can be implemented for QoS functions: users in need of network resources or with higher priority defined by the system are allotted with ample resources. In addition to the communication protocol, another two elements are needed to implement a complete OpenFlow system: the switch, either being physical or virtual, which supports OpenFlow, and the controller, which sends flow setting packets to control the switch flow table. With OpenFlow, users are not restricted to functions provided by the specific switch or router, such as RIP, OSPF, EGP routing protocol, firewall, QoS, Anti Virus, and NAT, since it provides a standard Application Programming Interface to let users have the freedom to define their needed functions instead of predefined functions bundled in the manufacturer's proprietary operating system. The main goal of this paper is to create an OpenFlow switch monitoring system, which can monitor all hosts and traffic pass through switches under the controller, and provide a simple web page by which the network administrator can modify the priority of each flow and manage the whole network with ease.
Implications of upper-mantle seismicity for deformation in the continental collision zone beneath the Alpine Fault, South Island, New Zealand

ABSTRACT We review the state of knowledge regarding lower-crustal and upper-mantle deformation in the continental collision zone beneath the Alpine Fault in the central South Island. Existing lithospheric deformation models based on a variety of geophysical observations and different interpretations of tectonic reconstructions range from intra-continental subduction to lithospheric mantle thickening. We derive independent information in the 40–80 km depth range from a new catalogue of 78 upper mantle earthquakes, after almost a decade’s observations (2006–2016). The events occur in both the Australian and Pacific plates, are clustered in distinct locations that coincide with positive magnetic anomalies and follow an inferred structural trend differing from the current plate boundary orientation. For two event clusters 13 new well-constrained focal mechanism solutions are used for stress field inversion. This yields a common, sub-horizontal maximum compressive stress orientation (120° ± 27° and 120° ± 22°) but suggests different intermediate and minimum principal stress orientations. Based on this we cannot unequivocally distinguish published mantle deformation models but we can evaluate certain model features. Strong upper-mantle anisotropy together with a VP-VS-ratio of 1.73 ± 0.08 for upper-mantle earthquakes suggests that a proposed eclogite layer is unlikely to be present at upper mantle depths. We conclude that seismicity at depths ≥40 km reflects inherited heterogeneous strength distributions in the upper mantle and delineates areas in which deformation occurs along a (structural) convergence axis in the continental collision zone.
Measuring Disagreement in UK Consumer and Central Bank Inflation Forecasts

We provide a new perspective on disagreement in inflation expectations by examining the full probability distributions of UK consumer inflation forecasts based on an adaptive bootstrap multimodality test. Furthermore, we compare the inflation forecasts of the Bank of England's Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) with those of UK consumers, for which we use data from the 2001-2007 February GfK NOP consumer surveys. Our analysis indicates substantial disagreement among UK consumers, and between the MPC and consumers, concerning one-year- ahead inflation forecasts. Such disagreement persisted throughout the sample, with no signs of convergence, consistent with consumers' inflation expectations not being "well-anchored" in the sense of matching the central bank's expectations. UK consumers had far more diverse views about future inflation than the MPC. It is possible that the MPC enjoyed certain information advantages which allowed it to have a narrower range of inflation forecasts.
Detection of abnormal movement of industrial robots using image sequence

In this paper, a monitoring system for industrial robots working in factories is proposed. This system automatically detects different movement from reference and immediately reports to the operator. It has the advantage that there is no need to receive any signal from the robot controller because it only observes with a simple camera such as CCD. For the detection method, an eigenspace method is used which is excellent in compression of image data and calculation of the correlation among images. Parametric eigenspace method (PEM) is also used to detect abnormalities such as the speed of movement. Some experiments using 2-axis robot show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Topic Detection and Summarization of Events on Social Media Data

Millions of Internet users use social sites for sharing and storing data, blogs for connecting with people and sharing information. Twitter is one of the fastest growing social sites. Short-text messages are being posted and shared at a unique rate. Twitter collects millions of tweets, which contain lots of noise and redundancy, un-structured tweets. As redundancy leads to inconsistency and less accurate result, users are unable to understand current topics of discussion. Due to time constraints readers are unable to read each and every tweet, so user requires summary to understand important information on social media. To generate summary for large amount of data, a new summarization method is proposed, namely sequential summarization, which provides a topic detection of social media and generate ordered short sub-summaries for a trending topic in order to convey the important information in few sentences. The system will implement two approaches, stream-based and semantic-based, for detecting the necessary and non-redundant subtopics within trending information.
Big Data Visualization and Analytics: Future Research Challenges and Emerging Applications

In the context of data visualization and analytics, this report outlines some of the challenges and emerging applications that arise in the Big Data era. In particularly, fourteen distinguished scientists from academia and industry, and diverse related communities, i.e., Information Visualization, Human-Computer Interaction, Machine Learning, Data management & Mining, and Computer Graphics have been invited to express their opinions.
Fitting Curves and Surfaces With Constrained Implicit Polynomials

A problem which often arises while fitting implicit polynomials to 2D and 3D data sets is the following: although the data set is simple, the fit exhibits undesired phenomena, such as loops, holes, extraneous components, etc. Previous work tackled these problems by optimizing heuristic cost functions, which penalize some of these topological problems in the fit. The paper suggests a different approach-to design parameterized families of polynomials whose zero-sets are guaranteed to satisfy certain topological properties. Namely, we construct families of polynomials with star-shaped zero-sets, as well as polynomials whose zero-sets are guaranteed not to intersect an ellipse circumscribing the data or to be entirely contained in such an ellipse. This is more rigorous than using heuristics which may fail and result in pathological zero-sets. The ability to parameterize these families depends heavily on the ability to parameterize positive polynomials. To achieve this, we use some powerful results from real algebraic geometry.
The basement morphology under Tongariro National Park, southern Taupo Volcanic Zone

ABSTRACT Gravity data recorded across Tongariro National Park during the 1950s and 1960s are interpreted in terms of the morphology of the basement underlying the younger surficial sediments and volcanics. The gravity data were processed to Bouguer anomalies at a height of 500 m (the average elevation of the survey region). These anomalies were then separated into regional and residual anomalies after deriving a smoothly varying regional anomaly based on observed values at stations on greywacke outcrops in the region. Density-depth relations for sediments were derived from measured values in boreholes. Simple 2D gravity models using these density relationships were used to derive a 3D structural model for the region. The final model shows a deep asymmetric trough with a steep eastern margin running from the south end of Lake Taupo (2.5 km deep) and under Mt Tongariro (1 km deep) before fading away as a major feature near Mt Ruapehu.
Comparing Tree-Simplification Procedures

Induced decision trees are frequently used by researchers in the machine learning and statistics communities to solve classification tasks (Breiman et al. 1984; Quinlan 1993). However, their practical utility is limited by difficulties users have in comprehending them due to their size and complexity. Many methods have been proposed to simplify decision trees, but their relative capabilities are largely unknown; their evaluation is usually limited to comparisons with "bench-mark" systems (e.g., C4.5, CART). This paper presents a categoriZation framework for tree-simplification methods and focuses on the empirical comparison of selected methods.
ESTIMASI EROSI DAN POTENSI SEDIMEN DAM BATUTEGI DI DAS SEKAMPUNG HULU DENGAN METODE SDR (SEDIMENT DELIVERY RATIO)

Watershed The process of River Flow (DAS) conducted by humans is incorrect, causing damage and bad conditions to the environment on the downstream. Unregulated land use with land and air formulations in the Upper DAS section contains the amount of erosion. One of the main problems occurring in the Sekampung Hulu Basin is the magnitude of erosion. The erosion will increase the rate of erosion and the amount of sediment entering the river. The study aims to (1) estimate sediment potential in DAM Batutegi and (2) estimate erosion in Sekampung Hulu Basin with SDR method (Sediment Delivery Ratio). Based on the analysis result, the total value of sediment potential in DAM Batutegi is 83.478,74 ton/year or equivalent with sediment thickness of 5.04 mm/year and the average value obtained by SDR method in Sekampung Hulu Basin is on average 140,31 ton/ha/year.Proses perlakuan pemanfaatanDaerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) yang dilakukan oleh manusia secara tidak benar, menimbulkan kerusakan dan kondisiyang buruk terhadap lingkungan pada bagian hilir. Pemakaian pada lahan yang tidak setaraf dengan rumusan-rumusan konservasi tanah dan air di bagian hulu DAS menimbulkanbesarnya erosi. Salah satu permasalahan utama yang sering terjadi di DAS Sekampung Hulu adalah besarnya erosi. Erosi yang terjadi akan meningkatkan laju erosi dan jumlah sedimen yang masuk ke sungai. Penelitian bertujuan (1) memperkirakan besarnya potensi sedimen di DAM Batutegi dan (2) memperkirakan erosi di DAS Sekampung Hulu dengan metode SDR (Sediment Delivery Ratio). Diketahui berdasarkan hasil analisis, nilai total potensisedimen di DAM Batutegi sebesar 83.478,74 ton/tahun atau sepadan dengan ketebalan sedimen sebesar 5,04 mm/tahun dan nilai estimasierosi yang didapatkan dengan metode SDR di DAS Sekampung Hulu rata-rata sebesar 140,31 ton/ha/tahun.
On Balancing Event and Area Coverage in Mobile Sensor On Balancing Event and Area Coverage in Mobile Sensor Networks Networks

Abstract In practice, the mobile sensor networks have two important tasks: firstly, sensors should be able to locate themselves close to where major events are happening so that event tracking becomes possible; secondly, the sensor networks should also maintain a good area coverage over the environment in order to detect new events. Because these two tasks are usually conflicting with each other, a coverage control policy should be able to balance the event and area coverage of the environment. However, most existing work is to achieve either optimal event coverage or optimal area coverage over the environment. In this thesis, a Voronoi-based coverage control with task assignment is introduced: each sensor is allowed to switch between event and area coverage depending on the intensity of events within its Voronoi cell, and both continuous-time and discrete-time control for sensor positions are discussed.
Codon Pair-Specific Translation Defects Trigger Ribosome-Associated Quality Control to Avoid Proteotoxic Stress

tRNA modifications tune translation rates and codon optimality, thereby optimizing co-translational protein folding, but how codon optimality defects trigger cellular phenotypes remains unclear. Here, we show that ribosomes stall at specific modification-dependent codon pairs, triggering ribosome collisions and inducing a coordinated and hierarchical response of cellular quality control pathways. Ribosome profiling reveals an unexpected functional diversity for wobble-uridine (U34) modifications during decoding. The same modification can have different effects at the A and P sites. Furthermore, modification-dependent stalling codon pairs induce ribosome collisions, triggering ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) to prevent protein aggregation by degrading aberrant nascent peptides and mRNAs. RQC inactivation stimulates the expression of molecular chaperones to remove protein aggregates. Our results show that loss of tRNA modifications primarily disrupts translation rates of suboptimal codon pairs and reveal the coordinated regulation and adaptability of cellular surveillance systems to ensure efficient and accurate protein synthesis and maintain protein homeostasis.
Digesting the data: Proper validation in ancient metagenomic studies is essential

In a recent publication in this journal, Reynoso-García et al. [1] used shotgun sequencing to analyze human coprolites (paleofeces) from two pre-Columbian contexts in Puerto Rico to reconstruct the diet of the island’s Indigenous population before the arrival of Europeans. Based on the results, the team claim to have identified various edible New World plant species, including maize (Zea mays), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), chili pepper (Capsicum annuum), peanut (Arachis spp.), papaya (Carica papaya), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), as well as other cultivars such as cotton (Gossypium barbadense) and tobacco (Nicotiana sylvestris) [1]. Reynoso-García et al. [1] also claim to have identified edible fungi, including Ustilago spp. , which according to the authors, further supports their findings and points to the consumption of huitlacoche or corn smut, a known delicacy in Mexico today that is believed to have originated in Aztec times [2]. Shotgun DNA sequencing of archaeological samples, such as dental calculus or coprolites, provides a powerful tool to reconstruct ancient microbial communities and to study the evolution of the human microbiome [e.g. 3,4–6]. In some instances, shotgun sequencing results can also provide insights into the diet and subsistence strategies of past communities [e.g. 7,8]. However, identifying DNA from dietary sources in complex shotgun metagenomic datasets is far from straightforward. As has been discussed previously [9,10], and as we demonstrate below, one of the main challenges is the risk of false positives. Any potential dietary signals should, therefore, be carefully assessed. Unfortunately, we feel that Reynoso-García et al.’s study [1] falls short in that regard and we conclude that while it is entirely possible (and even likely, based on other evidence [e.g. 11,12]) that the Indigenous inhabitants of Puerto Rico subsisted on a diet that included some, or even all of the edible plant taxa the team identified, the DNA results they present do not, in and of themselves, support that claim.
Biogenesis of circular RNAs in vitro and in vivo from the Drosophila Nk2.1/scarecrow gene

scarecrow (scro) encodes a fly homolog of mammalian Nkx2.1 that is vital for early fly development as well as for optic lobe development. Interestingly, scro was reported to produce a circular RNA (circRNA). In this study, we identified 12 different scro circRNAs, which are either mono- or multi-exonic forms. The most abundant forms are circE2 carrying the second exon only and bi-exonic circE3-E4. Levels of circE2 show an age-dependent increase in adult heads, supporting a general trend of high accumulation of circRNAs in aged fly brains. Aligning sequences of introns flanking exons uncovered two pairs of intronic complementary sequences (ICSs); one pair residing in introns 1 and 2 and the other in introns 2 and 4. The first pair was demonstrated to be essential for the circE2 production in cell-based assays; furthermore, deletion of the region including potential ICS components in the intron-2 reduced in vivo production of circE2 and circE3-E4 by 80%, indicating them to be essential for the biogenesis of these isoforms. Besides the ICS, the intron regions immediately abutting exons seemed to be responsible for a basal level of circRNA formation. Moreover, the replacement of scro-ICS with those derived from laccase2 was comparably effective in scro-circRNA production, buttressing the importance of the hairpin-loop structure formed by ICS for the biogenesis of circRNA. Lastly, overexpressed scro affected outcomes of both linear and circular RNAs from the endogenous scro locus, suggesting that Scro plays a direct or indirect role in regulating expression levels of either or both forms.