Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The vanishing flexible: ambition, self-realization and flexibility in the career perspectives of young Belgian adults

The cultural interpretation of career models, that links a preference for the flexible career to the quest for self-realization, and a preference for the linear, stable to the traditional work ethic, turns out to be empirically correct for the population considered in this analysis (inhabitants of Belgium, 19 to 36 years old). In contrast to what is posited by many authors, the traditional work ethic is, however, still quite strong. Moreover the career model that is both flexible and ambitious appears as a projection of the quest for self-realization onto the future career, but does not withstand experience with work and family life. As a consequence, many of the young people with a flexible career model shift towards either a traditional linear perspective or an ambitionless flat and rigid perspective as more life transitions are completed.
Passive localization for emitter with unknown LFM signal based on signal parameter estimation

This paper considers the localization of an emitter with an unknown linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal in the passive radar systems based on the direct position determination (DPD) method. To improve the localization accuracy, a novel strategy, wherein the position of the emitter and the unknown transmitted signal are jointly estimated, is proposed. As a result, a six-dimensional estimation problem is formulated, which is, however, computationally intractable for any general application scenario. By combining the DPD algorithm with short time Fourier transform (STFT), a fast and practical suboptimal algorithm, i.e., DPD-STFT, is also designed here to achieve the joint estimation for the emitter position and the unknown parameters of the LFM signal. Simulation results show that the localization performance of the DPD-STFT method is much better than the existing DPD algorithms which do not estimate the transmitted signal.
Studies of the Retinal Circulation in Man: Observations on Vessel Diameter, Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference, and Mean Circulation Time

By photographic techniques measurements have been made in the human retina of vessel size, arteriovenous oxygen difference across the retina, and mean retinal circulation time. By combination of these methods estimates can be made of relative changes in retinal blood flow rate and in the rate of oxygen delivery from the retinal vascular system. Observations are presented on the response of the normal and diseased retinal circulation to a variety of stimuli, particularly changes in blood oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions.
Contested Childhood: Diversity and Change in Japanese Preschools

1. Contested Cultural Models of Schooling 2. Caring for Young Children in Japan 3. Relationship-oriented Preschools: Fun and Friends 4. Ame to Muchi: Sweetness and the Whip 5. Child-Oriented Preschools: 'Strong Individuals, Good Groups' 6. Preschools and Social Class: Early Experiences of a Stratified Society 7. Shinto, Buddhist, and Christian Preschools 8. The Slow Demise of Public Preschools 9. Finding Our Way 10. References
Long‐term impact of neonatal inflammation on demyelination and remyelination in the central nervous system

Perinatal inflammation causes immediate changes of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and thus may have different consequences in adult life including an impact on neurological diseases such as demyelinating disorders. In order to determine if such a perinatal insult affects the course of demyelination in adulthood as “second hit,” we simulated perinatal bacterial inflammation by systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to either pregnant mice or newborn animals. Demyelination was later induced in adult animals by cuprizone [bis(cyclohexylidenehydrazide)], which causes oligodendrocyte death with subsequent demyelination accompanied by strong microgliosis and astrogliosis. A single LPS injection at embryonic day 13.5 did not have an impact on demyelination in adulthood. In contrast, serial postnatal LPS injections (P0‐P8) caused an early delay of myelin removal in the corpus callosum, which was paralleled by reduced numbers of activated microglia. During remyelination, postnatal LPS treatment enhanced early remyelination with a concomitant increase of mature oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, the postnatal LPS challenge impacts the phenotype of microglia since an elevated mRNA expression of microglia related genes such as TREM 2, CD11b, TNF‐α, TGF‐β1, HGF, FGF‐2, and IGF‐1 was found in these preconditioned mice during early demyelination. These data demonstrate that postnatal inflammation has long‐lasting effects on microglia functions and modifies the course of demyelination and remyelination in adulthood. GLIA 2014;62:1659–1670
The ontogeny of color: developmental origins of divergent pigmentation in Drosophila americana and D. novamexicana

Pigmentation is a model trait for evolutionary and developmental analysis that is particularly amenable to molecular investigation in the genus Drosophila. To better understand how this phenotype evolves, we examined divergent pigmentation and gene expression over developmental time in the dark‐bodied D. americana and its light‐bodied sister species D. novamexicana. Prior genetic analysis implicated two enzyme‐encoding genes, tan and ebony, in pigmentation divergence between these species, but questions remain about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we describe stages of pupal development in both species and use this staging to determine when pigmentation develops and diverges between D. americana and D. novamexicana. For the developmental stages encompassing pigment divergence, we compare mRNA expression of tan and ebony over time and between species. Finally, we use allele‐specific expression assays to determine whether interspecific differences in mRNA abundance have a cis‐regulatory basis and find evidence of cis‐regulatory divergence for both tan and ebony. cis‐regulatory divergence affecting tan had a small effect on mRNA abundance and was limited to a few developmental stages, yet previous data suggests that this divergence is likely to be biologically meaningful. Our study suggests that small and developmentally transient expression changes may contribute to phenotypic diversification more often than commonly appreciated. Recognizing the potential phenotypic impact of such changes is important for a scientific community increasingly focused on dissecting quantitative variation, but detecting these types of changes will be a major challenge to elucidating the molecular basis of complex traits.
Information Routing Using a Corpus Distribution

The research goal of information routing (IR) is to retrieve and rank a collection of text documents that coincide with a user profile (Harman 1995). Ideally, the profile can be derived automatically from a set of documents the user has identified as relevant to a particular topic of interest. The assumption for this work is a user has provided this small set of documents. It is then our goal to rank a previously unseen set . With other researchers trying to solve this problem, the focus has. become a question of which paradigm is able to rank these documents appropriately (Harman 1995). Approaches vary from conventional probabilistic models and vector space models, to Boolean models and complex weighting schemes (Salton 1989). Methods from all fields have been able to effectively retrieve the appropriate documents. The variability in performance, however, comes from their ability to rank them (Harman 1995). This led researchers to focus on weighting methods in order to artificially push more relevant documents toward the top of the list. However, there is no theoretical basis to suggest this approach will generalize. Our methods, on the other hand, have a theoretical foundation in mathematics. With the exception of the Boolean model, all other approaches rely on term frequency in one form or another. This suggests a statistical distribution comparison of the collection of relevant documents to a general corpus. Words of significance should stand out from the much larger broad topic collection. Preliminary study suggests by using a vast collection of documents covering a range of topics as a baseline for term statistics, we can appropriately weight terms for our routing collection in order to effectively rank and retrieve.
Idiopathic acute recurrent pancreatitis

Acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) results most commonly from alcohol abuse or gallstone disease. Initial evaluation fails to detect the cause of ARP in 10–30% of patients, and as a result the diagnosis of “idiopathic” ARP is given. In these patients, a more extensive evaluation including specialized labs, ERCP, endoscopic ultrasound, or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography typically leads to a diagnosis of microlithiasis, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, or pancreas divisum. Less commonly, hereditary pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, a choledochocele, annular pancreas, an anomalous pancreatobiliary junction, pancreatobiliary tumors, or chronic pancreatitis are diagnosed. Determining the etiology is important, as it helps to direct therapy, limits further unnecessary evaluation, and may improve a patient's long term prognosis.
The Psychology of Ownership

This study explored a potential mediating role of psychological ownership (of the job and the organization) in the relationship between levels of work environment structure and employee responses, in a diverse sample of 239 New Zealand workers and their managers. It was reasoned that low levels of work environment structure permit employees to exercise more personal control, have greater knowledge (of their job and organization), and invest themselves more extensively into their work. Hence, less structured work environments are more conducive to the development of feelings of psychological ownership for the job and organization than are more highly structured work environments that allow less personal control. Results from this investigation suggest that psychological ownership (especially feelings of ownership for the organization) mediates the relationship of work environment structure with employee citizenship behaviors and organizational commitment.
Comment on "memory effects in an interacting magnetic nanoparticle system".

Recently, Sun et al reported that striking memory effects had been clearly observed in their new experiments on an interacting nanoparticle system [1]. They claimed that the phenomena evidenced the existence of a spin-glass-like phase and supported the hierarchical model. No doubt that a particle system may display spin-glass-like behaviors [2]. However, in our opinion, the experiments in Ref. [1] cannot evidence the existence of spin-glass-like phase at all. We will demonstrate below that all the phenomena in Ref. [1] can be observed in a non-interacting particle system with a size distribution. Numerical simulations of our experiments also display the same features.
QACTIS Enhancements in TREC QA 2006

The QACTIS system has been tested in previous years at the TREC Question Answering Evaluations. This paper describes new enhancements to the system specific to TREC-2006, including basic improvements and thresholding experiments, filtered and Internet-supported pseudo-relevance feedback for information retrieval, and emerging statistics-driven question-answering. For contrast, we also compare our TREC-2006 system performance to that of our top systems from TREC-2004 and TREC-2005 applied to this year’s data. Lastly, we analyze evaluator-declared unsupportedness of factoids and nugget decisions of “other”questions to understand major negative changes in performance for these categories over last year.
Information structure in discourse: Towards an integrated for-mal theory of pragmatics

For many linguists interested in pragmatics, including the Prague School theorists, Halliday (1967), and Vallduvf (1992,1993), information structure is a sentence-level structure. It is generally characterized as a variation of sentential structure along certain parameters to modulate the presentation of the information imparted by the sentence in such a way as to relate that information to prior context. The factors in that relationship are characterized· in terms of primitive functional roles such as theme/rheme, focus/(back)ground, topic/link, old/new, etc. These primitives and the correlated information structure of sentences are used to explain the roles of intonational focus and of particular syntactic focus constructions, of topicalization and other displacement transformations, and of a fairly wide range of other phenomena, including, e.g., word order in relatively free word order languages such as German, the functions of distinguished structural positions in Catalan or Hungarian, definiteness in Slavic languages, specificity in Turkish, use of specific affixes such as Japanese -wa, etc.
The Essential tacF Gene Is Responsible for the Choline-Dependent Growth Phenotype of Streptococcus pneumoniae

ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae has an absolute nutritional requirement for choline, and the choline molecules are known to incorporate exclusively into the cell wall and membrane teichoic acids of the bacterium. We describe here the isolation of a mutant of strain R6 in which a single G→T point mutation in the gene tacF (formerly designated spr1150) is responsible for generating a choline-independent phenotype. The choline-independent phenotype could be transferred to the laboratory strain R6 and to the encapsulated strain D39 by genetic transformation with a PCR product or with a plasmid carrying the mutated tacF gene. The tacF gene product belongs to the protein family of polysaccharide transmembrane transporters (flippases). A model is presented in which TacF is required for the transport of the teichoic acid subunits across the cytoplasmic membrane. According to this model, wild-type TacF has a strict specificity for choline-containing subunits, whereas the TacF present in the choline-independent mutant strain is able to transport both choline-containing and choline-free teichoic acid chains. The proposed transport specificity of parental-type TacF for choline-containing subunits would ensure the loading of the cell wall with teichoic acid chains decorated with choline residues, which appear to be essential for the virulence of this pathogen.
Histone deacetylase SIRT1 modulates neuronal differentiation by its nuclear translocation

Neural precursor cells (NPCs) differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in response to intrinsic and extrinsic changes. Notch signals maintain undifferentiated NPCs, but the mechanisms underlying the neuronal differentiation are largely unknown. We show that SIRT1, an NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase, modulates neuronal differentiation. SIRT1 was found in the cytoplasm of embryonic and adult NPCs and was transiently localized in the nucleus in response to differentiation stimulus. SIRT1 started to translocate into the nucleus within 10 min after the transfer of NPCs into differentiation conditions, stayed in the nucleus, and then gradually retranslocated to the cytoplasm after several hours. The number of neurospheres that generated Tuj1+ neurons was significantly decreased by pharmacological inhibitors of SIRT1, dominant-negative SIRT1 and SIRT1-siRNA, whereas overexpression of SIRT1, but not that of cytoplasm-localized mutant SIRT1, enhanced neuronal differentiation and decreased Hes1 expression. Expression of SIRT1-siRNA impaired neuronal differentiation and migration of NPCs into the cortical plate in the embryonic brain. Nuclear receptor corepressor (N-CoR), which has been reported to bind SIRT1, promoted neuronal differentiation and synergistically increased the number of Tuj1+ neurons with SIRT1, and both bound the Hes1 promoter region in differentiating NPCs. Hes1 transactivation by Notch1 was inhibited by SIRT1 and/or N-CoR. Our study indicated that SIRT1 is a player of repressing Notch1-Hes1 signaling pathway, and its transient translocation into the nucleus may have a role in the differentiation of NPCs.
Lactobacillus zeae Protects Caenorhabditis elegans from Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-Caused Death by Inhibiting Enterotoxin Gene Expression of the Pathogen

Background The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has become increasingly used for screening antimicrobials and probiotics for pathogen control. It also provides a useful tool for studying microbe-host interactions. This study has established a C. elegans life-span assay to preselect probiotic bacteria for controlling K88+ enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), a pathogen causing pig diarrhea, and has determined a potential mechanism underlying the protection provided by Lactobacillus. Methodology/Principal Findings Life-span of C. elegans was used to measure the response of worms to ETEC infection and protection provided by lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB). Among 13 LAB isolates that varied in their ability to protect C. elegans from death induced by ETEC strain JG280, Lactobacillus zeae LB1 offered the highest level of protection (86%). The treatment with Lactobacillus did not reduce ETEC JG280 colonization in the nematode intestine. Feeding E. coli strain JFF4 (K88+ but lacking enterotoxin genes of estA, estB, and elt) did not cause death of worms. There was a significant increase in gene expression of estA, estB, and elt during ETEC JG280 infection, which was remarkably inhibited by isolate LB1. The clone with either estA or estB expressed in E. coli DH5α was as effective as ETEC JG280 in killing the nematode. However, the elt clone killed only approximately 40% of worms. The killing by the clones could also be prevented by isolate LB1. The same isolate only partially inhibited the gene expression of enterotoxins in both ETEC JG280 and E. coli DH5α in-vitro. Conclusions/Significance The established life-span assay can be used for studies of probiotics to control ETEC (for effective selection and mechanistic studies). Heat-stable enterotoxins appeared to be the main factors responsible for the death of C. elegans. Inhibition of ETEC enterotoxin production, rather than interference of its intestinal colonization, appears to be the mechanism of protection offered by Lactobacillus.
Efficient Multiple-Trait Association and Estimation of Genetic Correlation Using the Matrix-Variate Linear Mixed Model

Multiple-trait association mapping, in which multiple traits are used simultaneously in the identification of genetic variants affecting those traits, has recently attracted interest. One class of approaches for this problem builds on classical variance component methodology, utilizing a multitrait version of a linear mixed model. These approaches both increase power and provide insights into the genetic architecture of multiple traits. In particular, it is possible to estimate the genetic correlation, which is a measure of the portion of the total correlation between traits that is due to additive genetic effects. Unfortunately, the practical utility of these methods is limited since they are computationally intractable for large sample sizes. In this article, we introduce a reformulation of the multiple-trait association mapping approach by defining the matrix-variate linear mixed model. Our approach reduces the computational time necessary to perform maximum-likelihood inference in a multiple-trait model by utilizing a data transformation. By utilizing a well-studied human cohort, we show that our approach provides more than a 10-fold speedup, making multiple-trait association feasible in a large population cohort on the genome-wide scale. We take advantage of the efficiency of our approach to analyze gene expression data. By decomposing gene coexpression into a genetic and environmental component, we show that our method provides fundamental insights into the nature of coexpressed genes. An implementation of this method is available at http://genetics.cs. ucla.edu/mvLMM.
A missense mutation in the gammaD-crystallin gene CRYGD associated with autosomal dominant congenital cataract in a Chinese family.

PURPOSE To identify the genetic defect in autosomal dominant congenital cataracts in a six generation Chinese family. METHODS Clinical and ophthalmological examinations were performed on the affected and unaffected family members. All the members were genotyped with microsatellite markers at loci which were considered to be associated with cataracts. A two-point LOD score was calculated using the Linkage package after genotyping. A mutation was detected by direct sequencing using gene specific primers. RESULTS Clinical heterogeneity was observed within this family, three affected individuals showed nuclear cataract and others had coralliform cataracts. Significant evidence of linkage was obtained at markers D2S325 (LOD score [Z]=3.10, recombination fraction [theta]=0.0) and D2S1782 (Z=5.97, theta=0.0), respectively. Haplotype analysis indicated that the cataract gene was close to those two markers. Sequencing of the gammaD-crystallin gene (CRYGD) revealed a C>T transition in exon 2, that causes a conservative substitution of Arg to Cys at codon 14 (R14C). This mutation co-segregated with all affected individuals and was not observed in unaffected or 100 normal unrelated individuals. Bioinformatic analyses also showed that a highly conserved region was located at Arg14. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first reported case with phenotype of coralliform/nuclear cataract that associated with the mutation of Arg14Cys (R14C) CRYGD.
Relay Selection for Two-Way Relaying With Amplify-and-Forward Protocols

In this paper, we propose a relay selection amplify-and-forward (RS-AF) protocol in general bidirectional relay networks with two sources and N relays. In the proposed scheme, the two sources first simultaneously transmit to all the relays, and then, a single relay with a minimum sum symbol error rate (SER) will be selected to broadcast the received signals back to both sources. To facilitate the selection process, we propose a simple suboptimal min-max criterion for relay selection, where a single relay that minimizes the maximum SER of two source nodes will be selected. Simulation results show that the proposed min-max selection has almost the same performance as the optimal selection with lower complexity. We also present a simple asymptotic SER expression and make a comparison with the conventional all-participate AF relaying scheme. The analytical results are verified through simulations. To improve the system performance, optimal power allocation (OPA) between the sources and the relay is determined based on the asymptotic SER. Simulation results indicate that the proposed RS-AF scheme with OPA yields considerable performance improvement over an equal-power-allocation scheme, particularly with a large number of relay nodes.
La cohabitation et le mariage, deux mondes à part? Un examen des caractéristiques démographiques, individuelles et relationnelles.

Cohabitation is well implemented in conjugal lifestyles. Usually, studies comparing marriage and cohabitation draw a mostly negative picture of cohabitants. However, most studies so far examined cohabitant couples at an early stage of their relationship. That is, the results are not necessarily representative of cohabitation as a long-term choice. The present study aims at comparing cohabitant couples and married couples invested in a long-term relationship. A sample composed of 105 couples (72 married couples and 33 cohabitant couples) participated to a longitudinal study conducted on a four-years period. Individually, each partner completed the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, and a demographic questionnaire. Variance analysis showed that both types of couples differ as for demographic and personality variables, while they are similar on the relational sphere. The present study contributes to drawing a more nuanced and positive picture of free union.