Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling behavioral factors ininteractive information retrieval

In real-life, information retrieval consists of sessions of one or more query iterations. Each iteration has several subtasks like query formulation, result scanning, document link clicking, document reading and judgment, and stopping. Each of the subtasks has behavioral factors associated with them. These factors include search goals and cost constraints, query formulation strategies, scanning and stopping strategies, and relevance assessment behav-ior. Traditional IR evaluation focuses on retrieval and result presentation methods, and interaction within a single-query session. In the present study we aim at assessing the effects of the behavioral factors on retrieval effectiveness. Our research questions include how effective is human behavior employing search strategies compared to various baselines under various search goals and time constraints. We examine both ideal as well as fallible human behavior and wish to identify robust behaviors, if any. Methodologically, we use extensive simulation of human behavior in a test collection. Our findings include that (a) human behavior using multi-query sessions may exceed in effectiveness comparable single-query sessions, (b) the same empirically observed behavioral patterns are reasonably effective under various search goals and constraints, but (c) remain on average clearly below the best possible ones. Moreover, there is no behavioral pattern for sessions that would be even close to winning in most cases; the information need (or topic) in relation to the test collection is a determining factor.
Hypergraph isomorphism and structural equivalence of Boolean functions

We show that hypergraph isomorphism can be tested in time O(c”), where n is the sire of the vertex set. In general, input of a hypergraph could require n(2”) space, in which case the isomorphism test is in polynomial time. As a consequence, we put into polynomial time the classic problem of testing whether two Boolean functions, given by truth tables, are related via permutations and complementations of the variables, and therefore have structurally identical network realizations. In fact, the method is parallelizable and we put the problem even into NC. We obtain similarly an NC test of equivalence of truth tables under permutation of variables alone.
Host-Based Data Exfiltration Detection via System Call Sequences

The host-based detection of malicious data exfiltration activities is currently a sparse area of research and mostly limited to methods that analyze network traffic or signature based detection methods that target specific processes. In this paper we explore an alternative method to host-based detection that exploits sequences of system calls and new collection methods that allow us to catch these activities in real time. We show that system calls sequences can be found to reach a steady state across processes and users, and explore the viability of new methods as heuristics for profiling user behaviors.
An Application of the Dynamic Pattern Analysis Framework to the Analysis of Spatial-Temporal Crime Relationships

Dynamic pattern analysis refers to analyzing the relationship of spatial patterns at different time points. Traditional spatial pattern analysis such as data clustering can find the spatial patterns extant at a geographical location at a particular time point but failing to identify spatial dynamics, or changes that occur over time in a particular place. In this paper, we present a dynamic pattern analysis framework, the DPA framework. This framework allows user to identify three types of dynamic patterns in spatial-temporal data: 1) similar spatial patterns at different time points, 2) interactive relationship between two geographical locations as a result of a specific reason and 3) frequent association rules related to particular types of events, geographical locations, and time points. To evaluate the proposed framework, we used it to analyze a set of reported crime data for a district of Hong Kong and compared the identified patterns with some expectations of field experts and prior empirical studies for this kind of data and patterns. In line with expert predictions, we found strong correlations between school holidays and crime clusters. On the contrary, in our data set, we could not find obvious seasonal dependency. These findings are corroborated by related empirical crime studies.
The effect of the hexanic extracts of fig (Ficus carica) and olive (Olea europaea) fruit and nanoparticles of selenium on the immunogenicity of the inactivated avian influenza virus subtype H9N2

Influenza is a contagious viral disease that is seen in avian, human and other mammals, so its control is important. Vaccination against influenza virus subtype H9N2 is one of the ways in controlling program, for this reason several vaccines has been produced. Recently, application of inactivated oil-emulsion vaccines in poultry for controlling low pathogenic avian influenza is increasing. At present, oils that are used as adjuvant in commercial vaccines are mineral oils, which not only lack immunizing effect, but also produce some detriments. The aim of this study is the evaluation the immunogenicity of vegetable oils, which are more metabolizable and safer than mineral oils. In this study the efficacy of hexanic extracts of fig (Ficus carica) and olive (Olea europaea) fruit and also nano-selenium on the immunogenicity of the inactivated avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 was evaluated in broiler chickens. The results indicated that the prepared emulsions could elicit a little degree of immunity, but they could not inhibit the anamnestic response and infection. With regard to the results, it seems that the intact mixture of fig and olive fruit hexanic extracts could not be administered as an immunoadjuvant in the vaccine, and about nano-selenium. In spite of positive effect on the immunogenicity of avian influenza virus subtype H9N2, it still needs more work.
Owner-Occupied Housing: Life-Cycle Implications for the Household Portfolio

The paper constructs a model of optimal portfolio allocation incorporating the role of housing as collateral. Current house value is a state variable in the portfolio decision due to a nonconvex adjustment cost. Holding risk aversion constant, the percentage of the portfolio held in stocks is decreasing in the ratio of house value to net wealth; thus an older household with a lower ratio of house value to net wealth will generally hold more its portfolio in stocks than younger households. Empirical results using the Survey of Consumer Finances confirm the quantitative and statistical significance of the housing state variable.
Enhancement Through Coordination

Recent work in perceptual psychology, neuroscience, and philosophy challenges the independence of our senses. Cross-modal effects, such as illusions triggered using the intersensory discrepancy paradigm, demonstrate that stimulation to one sensory system can affect another and reshape perceptual experience. Neural processes associated with one sense interact extensively with those associated with others, and integrating information across senses recruits ample cognitive resources. Matthen (this volume) describes this 21st-century boom in experimental research on multisensory perception in his introduction (see also O’Callaghan 2012).
Literature review.

The following is a review of the fourth section of the report, "Mechanics of Composites and Adhesive Bonded Joints. " The work applies a global-local approach to the analysis of edge delamination in composite laminates by introducing a failure philosophy, and checks the results against the results of an extensive experimental program. This review highlights two aspects of the work of special importance, particularly in the context of establishing the controlling concepts in this important problem and of applying the results to rational design. The first part of the work to be highlighted is the stress analysis, which is based on a formulation of the Reissner variational equations originally introduced by Pagano [1,2] and extended by Pagano and Soni [3]. The analysis is reformulated to include a global region g and local region I in order to facilitate the solution of problems involving laminates with many plies. Different variational functionals in the two regions are used such that
Dynamic changes in translational efficiency are deduced from codon usage of the transcriptome

Translation of a gene is assumed to be efficient if the supply of the tRNAs that translate it is high. Yet high-abundance tRNAs are often also at high demand since they correspond to preferred codons in genomes. Thus to fully model translational efficiency one must gauge the supply-to-demand ratio of the tRNAs that are required by the transcriptome at a given time. The tRNAs’ supply is often approximated by their gene copy number in the genome. Yet neither the demand for each tRNA nor the extent to which its concentration changes across environmental conditions has been extensively examined. Here we compute changes in the codon usage of the transcriptome across different conditions in several organisms by inspecting conventional mRNA expression data. We find recurring dynamics of codon usage in the transcriptome in multiple stressful conditions. In particular, codons that are translated by rare tRNAs become over-represented in the transcriptome in response to stresses. These results raise the possibility that the tRNA pool might dynamically change upon stress to support efficient translation of stress-transcribed genes. Alternatively, stress genes may be typically translated with low efficiency, presumably due to lack of sufficient evolutionary optimization pressure on their codon usage.
Virtual Reality-Based Simulation of Endoscopic Surgery

Virtual reality (VR)-based surgical simulator systems offer a very elegant approach to enriching and enhancing traditional training in endoscopic surgery. However, while a number of VR simulator systems have been proposed and realized in the past few years, most of these systems are far from being able to provide a reasonably realistic surgical environment. We explore the current limits for realism and the approaches to reaching and surpassing those limits by describing and analyzing the most important components of VR-based endoscopic simulators. The feasibility of the proposed techniques is demonstrated on a modular prototype system that implements the basic algorithms for VR training in gynaecologic laparoscopy.
Inhibition of NANOG/NANOGP8 Downregulates MCL-1 in Colorectal Cancer Cells and Enhances the Therapeutic Efficacy of BH3 Mimetics

Purpose: High levels of BCL-2 family members in colorectal carcinoma cause resistance to treatment. Inhibition of NANOG or its paralog NANOGP8 reduces the proliferation, stemness, and tumorigenicity of colorectal carcinoma cells. Our hypothesis was that inhibition of NANOG/NANOGP8 enhances the cytotoxic effect of BH3 mimetics targeting BCL-2 family members in colorectal carcinoma cells through reducing expression of MCL-1, a prosurvival BCL-2 protein. Experimental Design: Lentiviral vector (LV) shRNA to NANOG (shNG-1) or NANOGP8 (shNp8-1) transduced colorectal carcinoma cells that were also exposed to the BH3 mimetics ABT-737 or ABT-199 in vivo in colorectal carcinoma xenografts and in vitro where proliferation, protein and gene expression, and apoptosis were measured. Results: Clone A and CX-1 were sensitive to ABT-737 and ABT-199 at IC50s of 2 to 9 μmol/L but LS174T was resistant with IC50s of 18 to 30 μmol/L. Resistance was associated with high MCL-1 expression in LS174T. LVshNG-1 or LVshNp8-1 decreased MCL-1 expression, increased apoptosis, and decreased replating efficiency in colorectal carcinoma cells treated with either ABT-737 or ABT-199 compared with the effects of either BH3 mimetic alone. Inhibition or overexpression of MCL-1 alone replicated the effects of LVshNG-1 or LVshNp8-1 in increasing or decreasing the apoptosis caused with the BH3 mimetic. The combination therapy inhibited the growth of LS174T xenografts in vivo compared with untreated controls or treatment with only LV shRNA or ABT-737. Conclusions: Inhibition of NANOGP8 or NANOG enhances the cytotoxicity of BH3 mimetics that target BCL-2 family members. Gene therapy targeting the NANOGs may increase the efficacy of BH3 mimetics in colorectal carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res; 20(21); 5446–55. ©2014 AACR.
A trend study on the impact of social media on advertisement

Article history: Received: October 29, 2018 Received in revised format: January 21, 2019 Accepted: February 8, 2019 Available online: February 8, 2019 This paper presents a comprehensive scientometric study for the impact of social networks on advertisement. The study uses the Scopus database as a search engine to accomplish the survey. To better understand the evolution and identity of this category, the study covers 1216 most cited data over the period 1983-2019. Qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques are applied to determine author distribution, country, individual and institutional-level productivity rankings. In terms of keywords, the study indicates that social media was jointly studied with gender and behavior and researchers from the United States maintained the highest rate of contribution. The survey also indicates that there were strong collaboration between the researchers from China and United States. Moreover, there were also remarkable collaborations between the researchers in United States from one side and other countries. © 2019 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada.
Microstrip Antenna with Centrally Loaded Inductive Discontinuity for Dual Band Operation

A conventional microstrip antenna on grounded PTFE substrate with centrally loaded inductive discontinuity is proposed for dual band operation. The discontinuity has been produced by two thin metallic plates centrally beneath the rectangular patch to form an inductive window. The proposed antenna has been studied methodically and the results are verified with commercially available software package (High Frequency Structure Simulator, V. 10). The specialty of the proposed antenna is to excite a new resonant mode with good impedance bandwidth while the usual dominant TM10 mode is kept unaltered. Moreover, the salient feature of the new antenna is that it produces the radiation pattern exactly similar to dominant TM10 mode at its new resonant mode.
Democracy against Capitalism: The separation of the ‘economic’ and the ‘political’ in capitalism

The original intention of historical materialism was to provide a theoretical foundation for interpreting the world in order to change it. This was not an empty slogan. It had a very precise meaning. It meant that Marxism sought a particular kind of knowledge, uniquely capable of illuminating the principles of historical movement and, at least implicitly, the points at which political action could most effectively intervene. This is not to say that the object of Marxist theory was to discover a ‘scientific’ programme or technique of political action. Instead, the purpose was to provide a mode of analysis especially well equipped to explore the terrain on which political action must take place. Marxism since Marx has often lost sight of his theoretical project and its quintessentially political character. In particular, there has been a tendency to perpetuate the rigid conceptual separation of the ‘economic’ and the ‘political’ which has served capitalist ideology so well ever since the classical economists discovered the ‘economy’ in the abstract and began emptying capitalism of its social and political content. These conceptual devices do reflect, if only in a distorting mirror, a historical reality specific to capitalism, a real differentiation of the ‘economy’; and it may be possible to reformulate them so that they illuminate more than they obscure, by reexamining the historical conditions that made such conceptions possible and plausible. The purpose of this reexamination would not be to explain away the ‘fragmentation ’ of social life in capitalism, but to understand exactly what it is in the historical nature of capitalism that appears as a differentiation of ‘spheres’, especially the ‘economic’ and the ‘political’.
A Unified Model for Human Behavior Modeling Using a Hierarchy with a Variable Number of States

Human behavior modeling enables many applications for smart cities, smart homes, mobile phones and other domains. We present a hierarchical hidden Markov model for human activity recognition that uses semi-supervised learning to automatically learn the model parameters using only labeled data of the top-layer of the hierarchy. This significantly reduces the annotation requirements for such a model and simplifies the design of such a model, since the inherent structure of the activity is automatically learned from data. The design consideration that remains is the number of states used for representing the actions that an activity consists of. Using multiple real world datasets we show that the same model works both for the recognition of activities of daily living in a smart home and for recognizing office activities from audio data. We show how a variable number of action states per activity can result in a significant increase in performance over using a fixed number per activity. Finally, we show how the use of Bayesian and Akaike information criterion results in models using a sub-optimal set of action states, since a model using intuitively chosen set states is able to outperform them.
The Neglected Dimension of Patent Law's PHOSITA Standard

A patent cannot issue on an invention that would have been obvious from the perspective of a “person having ordinary skill in the art” (a “PHOSITA”). One critical dimension of the PHOSITA’s perspective — the activity in which she is presumed to be ordinarily skilled — has remained largely unexamined despite being fundamentally important to patent law’s animating purposes. Traditionally, the PHOSITA has been presumed to be skilled, within a given field, at repetitive processes that produce expected results. Over the last half century, however, this “ordinary mechanic” characterization of the PHOSITA has been transformed by judicial opinions such as KSR International v. Teleflex Inc. to one that comes dangerously close to that of “ordinary inventor. ” This unacknowledged conceptual shift threatens to undermine fundamental patent law objectives.
Continuous space language modeling techniques

This paper focuses on comparison of two continuous space language modeling techniques, namely Tied-Mixture Language modeling (TMLM) and Neural Network Based Language Modeling (NNLM). Additionally, we report on using alternative feature representations for words and histories used in TMLM. Besides bigram co-occurrence based features we consider using NNLM based input features for training TMLMs. We also describe how we improve certain steps in building TMLMs. We demonstrate that TMLMs provide significant improvements of over 16% relative and 10% relative in Character Error Rate (CER) for Mandarin speech recognition, over the trigram and NNLM models, respectively in a speech to speech translation task.
Probability density function estimators applied to non-stationary signals

This manuscript deals with the estimation of probability density functions. This topic is very important in applied mathematics due to its various applications: Blind identification, blind Separation of Sources, risk theory, game theory, statistical modeling, etc. Since the mid of the 20th century, various solutions have been proposed in order to estimate probability density functions of latent variables and random variables. Hereinafter, a brief survey of major approaches is presented. Meanwhile, we prove that most of proposed methods could be considered as kernel density estimation methods. Theoretical proof for a previously used simulation model is also presented. The application of classic estimators to non-stationary signals is also considered. Finally, simulations are presented and discussed.
Constrained Fine-Grain Parallel Sparse Matrix Distribution

We consider how to distribute sparse matrices among processors to reduce communication cost in parallel sparse matrix computations, in particular, sparse matrix-vector multiplication. We allow 2d distributions, where the distribution (partitioning) is not constrained to just rows or columns. The fine-grain model is a 2d distribution introduced in [2] where nonzeros can be assigned to processors in an arbitrary general way. They proposed a hypergraph model and showed it can significantly reduce the communication volume compared to 1d distributions. We define a constrained version of this problem, where the input and output vector distributions are given. We propose two combinatorial models. The first is based on vertex cover in the bipartite graph, and the second on hypergraph partitioning with fixed vertices. Though NP-hard, both models can be solved heuristically using existing algorithms and software. Sparse matrix-vector multiplication is usually parallelized such that the processor that owns element aij computes the contribution aijxj . This is a local operation if xj , yi and aij all reside on the same processor; otherwise communication is required. In general, the following four steps are performed:
On Evolutionary Approaches to Wind Turbine Placement with Geo-Constraints

Wind turbine placement, i.e., the geographical planning of wind turbine locations, is an important first step to an efficient integration of wind energy. The turbine placement problem becomes a difficult optimization problem due to varying wind distributions at different locations and due to the mutual interference in the wind field known as wake effect. Artificial and environmental geological constraints make the optimization problem even more difficult to solve. In our paper, we focus on the evolutionary turbine placement based on an enhanced wake effect model fed with real-world wind distributions. We model geo-constraints with real-world data from OpenStreetMap. Besides the realistic modeling of wakes and geo-constraints, the focus of the paper is on the comparison of various evolutionary optimization approaches. We propose four variants of evolution strategies with turbine-oriented mutation operators and compare to state-of-the-art optimizers like the CMA-ES in a detailed experimental analysis on three benchmark scenarios.
Integrating Security Policy Design into the Software Development Process Technical Report B – 01 – 06

Security is an integral part of most modern software systems , but it is still not considered as an explicit part in the development process. Security mechani sms and policies are generally added to existing systems as an afterthought, with all the problem s of unsatisfied security requirements, integration difficulties, and mismatches between design mo dels. We propose to integrate the design of application-oriented access control policies ea rly into the development process. The standard language for modeling the design of systems is the U nified Modeling Language (UML) and the paper shows how existing UML model elements can be use d to specify access control policies for distributed object systems. The proposed exte nsions of the UML model support the automatic generation of a policy specification to configure a CORBA-based infrastructure for view-based access control. keywords: Access control, policy design, UML, CORBA