Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and diagnosis of an atmospheric pressure plasma torch for investigating magnetohydrodynamic instabilities

The development and diagnosis of an atmospheric pressure, non-transferred, DC arc plasma torch for investigating magnetohydrodynamic experiments is presented. Utilizing a custom AC starter circuit coupled with a high power DC power supply a long, laminar plasma jet was successfully generated by adjusting voltage and current characteristics, gas flow rates, and torch geometry (nozzle diameter and length). A complete and detailed description of the design and operation conditions of our torch is presented such that our results may be reproduced. Utilizing copper, aluminum, and tungsten alloy electrode components in conjunction with an electrically isolated water cooling system allows for continuous torch operation. The 50 kV AC starter circuit is coupled with a 15 kW DC power supply via a series injection transformer as a part of the custom arc starter circuit components. Axial and tangential gas flow, with nitrogen as the working gas, is regulated to generate a stable, laminar, atmospheric plasma torch with a jet length of over 80 cm under ideal operating conditions. To visualize the plasma interface in magnetohydrodynamics experiments, a technique was developed to image the cylindrical plasma jet in both the R-Z plane (axial) and R-θ plane (cross sectional) using planar-laser Mie scattering from particles added to the surrounding gas. Plasma emission wavelengths are filtered out allowing scattered light from the particle laden-flow field illuminated at 532 nm by an Nd:YAG laser, to be isolated. Plasma electron temperature and degree of ionization were estimated using a technique based on the well-known Fowler–Milne spectroscopic method. Electron temperatures of up to 14 000 K and degree of ionization up to 27% at the torch exit were obtained.
Family-Controlled Business Groups: An In-Depth Review and a Microfoundations-Based Research Agenda

It is now well-established that business groups (BGs)—an inimitable multifirm structure that enables legally distinct firms to take coordinated action—constitute a dominant organizational form in many economies around the world. The BG phenomenon has attracted sustained scholarly attention over the last three decades. Despite the shift in BG research toward BG heterogeneity and strategic performance outcomes, prior reviews and the last meta-analysis a decade ago focus narrowly on the question of whether BGs confer a financial performance advantage on affiliated firms. We provide a more extensive account of the BG effect and an in-depth review of the theoretical approaches used in prior work by focusing only on family-controlled business groups (FBGs)—the dominant type of BG. We make three contributions. First, we develop a parsimonious organizing framework to summarize extant FBG research in a nuanced way—specifying the relationships examined, theoretical explanations advanced, and empirical evidence adduced. This summary reveals that extant FBG theorizing is predominantly structurally focused. Second, we propose a reorientation of FBG research toward a microfoundations-based approach. We develop a scheme for theoretical “taking” and “giving” of relevant microfoundational frameworks from contiguous management subfields to systematically identify potential paths ahead for future FBG theorizing. Finally, we granularly discuss illustrative microfoundation-based frameworks, outlining how their application could both enrich and better integrate FBG research with contiguous management subfields such as entrepreneurship, family business, and strategy research. We thus consolidate our understanding of FBG research, identify gaps, and suggest promising pathways for future work.
A lipopolysaccharide-induced DNA-binding protein for a class II gene in B cells is distinct from NF-kappa B

Class II (Ia) major histocompatibility complex molecules are cell surface proteins normally expressed by a limited subset of cells of the immune system. These molecules regulate the activation of T cells and are required for the presentation of antigens and the initiation of immune responses. The expression of Ia in B cells is determined by both the developmental stage of the B cell and by certain external stimuli. It has been demonstrated previously that treatment of B cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) results in increased surface expression of Ia protein. However, we have confirmed that LPS treatment results in a significant decrease in mRNA encoding the Ia proteins which persists for at least 18 h. Within the upstream regulatory region of A alpha k, an NF-kappa B-like binding site is present. We have identified an LPS-induced DNA-binding protein in extracts from athymic mice whose spleens consist predominantly of B cells. Binding activity is present in low levels in unstimulated spleen cells and is increased by LPS treatment. This protein binds to two sites in a regulatory region of the Ia A alpha k gene, one of which contains the NF-kappa B-like binding site. DNA fragments containing these sites cross-compete for protein binding. Analysis by DNase I footprinting identified a target binding sequence, named the LPS-responsive element. Although this target sequence contains an NF-kappa B-like binding site, competition with a mutant oligonucleotide demonstrated that bases critical for NF-kappa B binding are not required for binding of the LPS-inducible protein. Therefore, we hypothesized that this inducible protein represents a new mediator of LPS action, distinct from NF-kappa B, and may be one mechanism to account for the decrease in mRNA encoding the Ia proteins.
Capturing the Complexities of Globalization in Fisheries: Gendered Divisions of Labour and Divisions of Labour and Difference

The gendered nature of globalization has received considerable analysis across several economic sectors, and much has been learned about its general impacts, although less about the specifics. Within a particular locale and/or general pattern of impact, what factors shape a person or group’s ability to adapt to changing economic contexts? Why are some groups and/or individuals more adversely impacted than others? Using the fisheries sector of Kerala, India, as a case study, this paper delineates a framework for understanding complexity and difference within general gendered patterns of economic processes. Combining feminist commodity chain analysis, livelihoods analysis, and insights from feminist studies of gender and development, I examine different impacts of globalization rooted in gender divisions of labour, and assess their implications for fisherfolk livelihoods. The results are usually complex and often paradoxical.
Alteration of the Function of the UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 1A Subfamily by Cytochrome P450 3A4: Different Susceptibility for UGT Isoforms and UGT1A1/7 Variants

Functional protein-protein interactions between UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)1A isoforms and cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 were studied. To this end, UGT1A-catalyzed glucuronidation was assayed in Sf-9 cells which simultaneously expressed UGT and CYP3A4. In the kinetics of UGT1A6-catalyzed glucuronidation of 5-HT, both K m and V max were increased by CYP3A4. When CYP3A4 was co-expressed either with UGT1A1 or 1A7, the V max for the glucuronidation of the irinotecan metabolite (SN-38) was significantly increased. The S 50 or K m was little affected by simultaneous expression of CYP3A4. This study also examined the catalytic properties of the allelic variants of UGT1A1 and 1A7, and their effects on the interaction with CYP3A4. While the UGT1A1-catalyzing activity of 4-methylumbelliferone glucuronidation was reduced in its variant, UGT1A1*6, the co-expression of CYP3A4 restored the impaired function to a level comparable with the wild-type. Similarly, simultaneous expression of CYP3A4 increased the V max of UGT1A7*1 (wild-type) and *2 (N129K and R131K), whereas the same was not observed in UGT1A7*3 (N129K, R131K and W208R). In the kinetics involving different concentrations of UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcUA), the K m for UDP-GlcUA was significantly higher for UGT1A7*2 and *3 than *1. The K m of UGT1A7*1 and *3 was increased by CYP3A4, whereas *2 did
In Gods We Trust: The Evolutionary Landscape of Religion

1. Introduction: An Evolutionary Riddle Part 1: Evolutionary Sources 2. The Mindless Agent: Evolutionary Adaptations and By-Products 3. God's Creation: Evolutionary Origins of the Supernatural Part 2: Absurd Commitments 4. Counterintuitive Worlds: The Most Mundane Nature of Religious Belief 5. The Sense of Sacrifice: Culture, Communication, and Commitment Part 3: Ritual Passions 6. Ritual and Relevation: The Emotional Mind 7. Waves of Passion: The Neuropsychology of Vision Part 4: Mindblind Theories 8. Culture without Mind: Sociobiology and Group Selection 9. The Trouble with Memes: Inference versus Imitation in Cultural Creation 10. Conclusion: Why Religion Seems Here to Stay
Predicting Quality Medical Drug Data Towards Meaningful Data using Machine Learning

—This research aims to improve the process of finding alternative drugs by utilizing artificial intelligence algorithms. It is not an easy task for human beings to classify the drugs manually, as this requires much longer time and more effort than doing it using classifiers. The study focuses on predicting high-quality medical drug data by considering ingredients, dosage forms, and strengths as features. Two datasets were generated from the original drug dataset, and four machine learning classifiers were applied to these datasets: Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes, and Decision Tree. The classification performance was evaluated under three different scenarios, which varied the ratio of the training and test data for both datasets, as follows: (i) 80% (training) and 20% (test dataset), (ii) 70% (training) and 30% (test dataset), and (iii) 50% (training) and 50% (test dataset). The results indicated that the Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, and Random Forest classifiers showed superior performance in terms of classification accuracy, with over 90% accuracy achieved in all scenarios. The results also showed that there was no significant difference between the results of the two datasets. The findings of this study have implications for streamlining the process of identifying alternative drugs.
Electron Microprobe dating of the ajitgarh and barodiya granitoids, NW India : Implications on the evolution of Delhi Fold Belt

Precise electron microprobe analysis has been carried out on zircons of two granite bodies from the North Delhi Fold Belt (NW India). Monazites and zircons from the country rocks (metasediments) were also analyzed for Th, U and Pb by electron microprobe. The zircons from granites gave ages of 1.751.72 Ga that have been interpreted as their emplacement age. The monazites from the country rocks gave three prominent ages with ranges of 1.9-1.7, 1.5-1.2, 1.0-0.8 Ga, whereas the zircons gave ages in the range of >2.0 Ga, 2.0-1.7 and 1.5-1.3 Ga. The 1.5-1.2 Ga age for the monazite and zircon grains probably correspond to the major reworking event in the region. The new geochronologic information on the North Delhi Fold Belt granitoids thus identifies a prominent thermal event around 1.81.7 Ga, suggesting a possible correlation with the post-Aravalli events, recorded further south. Key-words: Electron Microprobe, Zircon, North Delhi Fold Belt, Thermal event, Aravalli.
Forecasting Emergency Department Crowding with Advanced Machine Learning Models and Multivariable Input

Emergency department (ED) crowding is a significant threat to patient safety and it has been repeatedly associated with increased mortality. Forecasting future service demand has the potential patient outcomes. Despite active research on the subject, several gaps remain: 1) proposed forecasting models have become outdated due to quick influx of advanced machine learning models (ML), 2) amount of multivariable input data has been limited and 3) discrete performance metrics have been rarely reported. In this study, we document the performance of a set of advanced ML models in forecasting ED occupancy 24 hours ahead. We use electronic health record data from a large, combined ED with an extensive set of explanatory variables, including the availability of beds in catchment area hospitals, traffic data from local observation stations, weather variables, etc. We show that N-BEATS and LightGBM outpeform benchmarks with 11 % and 9 % respective improvements and that DeepAR predicts next day crowding with an AUC of 0.76 (95 % CI 0.69-0.84). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to document the superiority of LightGBM and N-BEATS over statistical benchmarks in the context of ED forecasting.
Reliability of the long-range correlations obtained from detrended fluctuation analysis of running stride intervals

Monitoring stride interval long-range correlations has been suggested as a method for coaches and clinicians to track changes in fatigue and injury risk. This study investigated the between-day reliability of stride interval long-range correlations during treadmill running. Stride interval long-range correlations were assessed on two occasions 1-week apart using detrended fluctuation analysis during 6 minutes of running at 11, 13 and 15 km·h-1. Stride interval long-range correlations demonstrated good absolute reliability (95% limits of agreement: 0.11-0.14 arbitrary units) and relative reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.74-0.87) at each running speed. The absolute reliability values reported in this study can be used by athletes, coaches and clinicians to determine real changes in stride interval long-range correlations.
CIFE Technical Report 198 : Communicating Design Processes Effectively and Efficiently 1

Industry struggles to efficiently implement design process management methodologies aimed at improving communication of design processes. Meanwhile, project information management methodologies enable efficient communication of product information but do not communicate design process information. The lack of methods for effective and efficient design process communication manifests as a struggle to effectively and efficiently: (1) collaborate within projects, (2) share processes between projects, and (3) understand processes across projects to strategically invest in improvement. These struggles motivate the paper’s first contribution: a set of metrics and accompanying test method for evaluating a design process management methodology’s ability to effectively and efficiently communicate design processes. As a second contribution, this paper applies the metrics and the test method to validate the Design Process Communication Methodology (DPCM). DPCM specifies elements and methods for exchanging and organizing digital information in the context of the design 1 A version of this paper was submitted as Chapter 4 of Reid Senescu’s PhD Dissertation, “Design Process Communication Methodology,” submitted to Stanford University, June 2011. 2 Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Stanford University, Center for Integrated Facility Engineering, Jerry Yang & Akiko Yamazaki Environment & Energy Building, 473 Via Ortega, Room 292, MC:4020 Stanford, CA 94305 (corresponding author). E-mail: rsenescu@stanford.edu 3 Founder, Design Process Innovation, 477 Vermont St., San Francisco, CA 94107. E-mail: johnrhaymaker@gmail.com Communicating Design Processes Reid R. Senescu and John R. Haymaker CIFE TR198 1 process. Results demonstrate that designers employing DPCM accurately capture processes with little effort. When collaborating, process clarity and information consistency result in little rework, and positive iteration enables consideration of multidisciplinary design trends. Designers share processes between project teams without committing process mistakes. DPCM enables the understanding of processes providing insights into the relationships between design integration and project performance; and opportunities for strategic investment in improved processes.
Numerical error analysis for nonsymmetric interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method of Cahn–Hilliard equation

In this paper, we derive a theoretical analysis of nonsymmetric interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin methods for solving the Cahn–Hilliard equation. We prove unconditional unique solvability of the discrete system and derive stability bounds with a generalized chemical energy density. Convergence of the method is obtained by optimal a priori error estimates. Our analysis is valid for both symmetric and nonsymmetric versions of the discontinuous Galerkin formulation.
Concept Maps: Making Learning Meaningful Proc. of Fourth Int. Conference on Concept Mapping Exploiting Concept Maps for the Representation of Computer Science Texts Based on a Text Comprehension Model

abstract. The basic objective of this work is the knowledge representation of the content of Computer Science texts on the basis of a text comprehension model, by using concept maps. According to this model, a reader of a text constructs microstructure and macrostructure of its knowledge content. Microstructure is considered as the relational structure, which describes the static relations among the entities involved in the content, as well as the transformational structure, which describes the events that cause the change of the relational structure over the time. Macrostructure is considered the construction of the microstructure, as well as the teleological structure, which describes the goals of functions performed by the microstructure.
Application of Improved Ant Colony Algorithm Integrating Adaptive Parameter Configuration in Robot Mobile Path Design

—Under the background of the continuous progress of Industry 4.0 reform, the market demand for mobile robots in major world economies is gradually increasing. In order to improve the mobile robot's movement path planning quality and obstacle avoidance ability, this research adjusted the node selection method, pheromone update mechanism, transition probability and volatility coefficient calculation method of the ant colony algorithm, and improved the search direction setting and cost estimation calculation method of the A* algorithm. Thus, a robot movement path planning model can be designed with respect to the improved ant colony algorithm and A* algorithm. The simulation experiment results on grid maps show that the planning model constructed in view of the improved algorithm, the traditional ant colony algorithm, the Tianniu whisker search algorithm, and the particle swarm algorithm designed in this study converged after 8, 37, 23, and 26 iterations, respectively. The minimum path lengths after convergence were 13.24m, 17.82m, 16.24m, and 17.05m, respectively. When the edge length of the grid map is 100m, the minimum planning length and total moving time of the planning model constructed in view of the improved algorithm, the traditional ant colony algorithm, the longicorn whisker search algorithm, and the particle swarm algorithm designed in this study are 49m, 104m, 75m, 93m and 49s, 142s, 93s, and 127s, respectively. This indicates that the model designed in this study can effectively shorten the mobile path and training time while completing mobile tasks. The results of this study have a certain reference value for optimizing the robot's movement mode and obstacle avoidance ability.
ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA COMMISSION ECONOMIQUE POUR L’AFRIQUE AFRICA AND THE INFORMATION ECONOMY: FOUNDATIONS, OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES AND RESEARCH AGENDA

ii EXCUTIVE SUMMARY Africa's Achilles heels are innumerable or may be not so as the enigmas and challenges we are facing emanate from our poverty if the latter is going to be considered a cause rather than an effect. While the continent is still grappling to provide its citizens with the most basic requirements of life, the rest of the world, especially the developed one, is fast heading towards a globally networked information economy (IE) and society. What does the information economy hold for Africa? What are its opportunities, challenges and impacts when in fact the continent is juxtaposed with the urgency to provide the most basic services of food, education, health, shelter, safe drinking water, etc? Is it prudent for Africa to go global, without successfully meeting its local obligations to its population by catering to their basic needs? Does Africa has a choice? Such are the nature, essence and magnitude of the questions that are haunting many involved in this discourse. The study presented here doesn't attempt to provide answers to the above challenges and to the gamut of issues that surround these questions. Rather, it is intended to pose many questions than it actually answers and hence functions to provoke discussions and spark debates. The diagram that follows depicts what we attempted to cover in this paper. CONCEPTUALIZING THE INFORMATION ECONOMY There are many definitions and understandings of the information economy. In its metaphorical sense, the term is used to describe the ongoing economic and social transformations following the pervasive applications of ICT. In its " sectoral " sense it represents an emerging and fast growing economic sector. These two views are yoked together and any attempt to conceptualize the information economy must have the robustness to address both. Hence we conceptualize the information economy to include the following: (1) the design, production and distribution of information and communications technology (ICT) goods, (2) the development and operation of network backbones and infrastructure and other telecommunications services (3) the design, production and distribution of software packages and application solutions (4) the design and provision of professional services (5) the design, packaging and distribution of contents (6) e-commerce related activities and (7) the informatization of the economy and society through the use of ICT and lastly the expected benefits to the whole economy from the above 7.
CONTACT TRACING OF THE COVID PATIENT TO OVERCOME MANUAL SURVEILLANCE

: A newly identified Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is spreading across the globe and emerged as a serious of death. India is in the midst of a deadly wave of the coronavirus pandemic, with more people are getting affecting by this virus. The main Aim of our project is to track the Covid-19 person who are got quarantine/Isolated for 15-20 days and their daily works like body temperature, heartbeat rate, and pulse rate. This device is in the form of band and this band will recognize the face of a particulate Covid-19 patient and also track the location of patient. COVID-19 is the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. The objective of this article is to review enabling technologies and systems with various application scenarios for handling the COVID-19 crisis. The article will focus specifically on
Women’s Disempowerment and Preference for Risky Skin Whitening Products: Experimental Evidence from India

A Working Paper is the author’s intellectual property. It is intended as a means to promote research to interested readers. Its content should not be copied or hosted on any server without written permission from publications.fb@insead.edu Find more INSEAD papers at https://www.insead.edu/faculty-research/research Women’s Disempowerment and Preference for Risky Skin Whitening Products: Experimental Evidence from India