Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Local Support Vector Machine based on Cooperative Clustering for very large-scale dataset

Local support vector machine (LSVM) has been attracting more and more attention because of its consistency. In LSVM, the training of a standard SVM is transformed to the construction of a set of local model of SVM, each of which is obtained by the training on the neighborhood of a certain sample. This strategy reduces the number of samples in every turn of training for the construction of SVM, but increased the number of local model to be trained. Some methods had been proposed to reduce the number of local model which is needed to be trained. However, theses reduction is not enough for very large-scale dataset. In this paper, we present a new Local Support Vector Machine algorithm based on Cooperative Clustering, namely C2LSVM and do the description of the C2LSVM algorithm and experiment In C2LSVM, the data of training subset will be reduced from thousands down to tens. At the same time, the classification accuracy will be preserved even improved.
Task-Based Instruction

In the last twenty years or so, language teaching has changed to incorporate a higher proportion of meaning-based activities, in contrast to the era in which form was primary and a concern for meaning only followed the establishment of control over specific forms. Now, a wide range of classroom options are available for participant organization, content incorporation, and the units by which teaching is organized. In order to locate task-based work within such a range of options, it is necessary to address definitional issues at the outset, since many different contemporary options give task a central role. For the purposes of this chapter, a task is regarded as an activity which satisfies the following criteria:
Dynamics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa genome evolution

One of the hallmarks of the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is its ability to thrive in diverse environments that includes humans with a variety of debilitating diseases or immune deficiencies. Here we report the complete sequence and comparative analysis of the genomes of two representative P. aeruginosa strains isolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients whose genetic disorder predisposes them to infections by this pathogen. The comparison of the genomes of the two CF strains with those of other P. aeruginosa presents a picture of a mosaic genome, consisting of a conserved core component, interrupted in each strain by combinations of specific blocks of genes. These strain-specific segments of the genome are found in limited chromosomal locations, referred to as regions of genomic plasticity. The ability of P. aeruginosa to shape its genomic composition to favor survival in the widest range of environmental reservoirs, with corresponding enhancement of its metabolic capacity is supported by the identification of a genomic island in one of the sequenced CF isolates, encoding enzymes capable of degrading terpenoids produced by trees. This work suggests that niche adaptation is a major evolutionary force influencing the composition of bacterial genomes. Unlike genome reduction seen in host-adapted bacterial pathogens, the genetic capacity of P. aeruginosa is determined by the ability of individual strains to acquire or discard genomic segments, giving rise to strains with customized genomic repertoires. Consequently, this organism can survive in a wide range of environmental reservoirs that can serve as sources of the infecting organisms.
A compact narrow band microstrip bandpass filter with defected ground structure (DGS)

In this paper, a compact narrow band bandpass filter is proposed with hexagonal dumbbell shaped defected ground structure in ground plane of a 50Ω microstrip line and a closed loop resonator in the conducting strip. This arrangement provides better coupling in pass band. Using DGS structure, forward transmission loss (S21) is -0.5 dB and return loss (S11) is -26.7 dB at the centre frequency 5.4 GHz with narrow bandwidth of 500 MHz. A conventional parallel coupled line bandpass filter has also been implemented with exactly same design goals for the sake of comparison. The proposed bandpass filter with DGS is quite promising with 60% size reduction.
Behavioural difficulties and cued recall of adaptive behaviour in dementia: Experimental and clinical evidence

The remarkably widespread belief that people with dementia are incapable of new learning is manifestly false. Results are briefly reviewed of experimental list-learning findings, based on the levels of processing framework, which suggest ways to optimise a grossly impaired but still residual capacity to learn limited amounts of new information in mild to moderate dementia. Studies of a more clinical bent are dealt with in some detail, demonstrating that is possible to utilise the methods of spaced retrieval and fading cues to train persons with dementia to associate a behaviour with contextual cues, and retain the information over time. Two case studies are also presented to illustrate clinical application to serious behavioural problems in dementia. It is suggested that research such as this, at the problem-specific level, may be more relevant for cognitive and behavioural scientists at this stage of the research enterprise than attempts, so far unsuccessful, to produce generalised cognitive improvement of any practical value in dementia.
Ex-Mon : An Architectural Framework for Dynamic Program Monitoring on Multicore Processors

For modern software systems that operate in complex execution environments, reliability is key. The ability for observing the internal states of an executing program can facilitate a spectrum of program execution monitors to enhance software reliability; and modern multicore processors provide the computing power needed by such monitors. This paper presents Ex-Mon, novel hardware and software supports that enable efficient and flexible dynamic program execution monitoring. In Ex-Mon, a hardwarebased extraction logic that can be configured dynamically by the monitoring software, is integrated onto each processor core. The extraction logic forwards events that are of interests to the monitoring software for correctness ver ification. We evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed system by using it to detect memory-bugs in the SPEC2000 benchmark suite. The experiments show that performance overhead of Ex-Mon is 15% on average and 41.4% in the worst case. The bandwidth requirement of the proposed system is below 10 bits per cycle, which is acceptable considering the bandwidth capacity of today’s state-of-the-art on-chip interconnect network.
A DISAGGREGATED TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS OF EXPORT-BASE MODELS: A CASE STUDY ON ELKO COUNTY OF NEVADA

An important issue of debate in economic base literature is whether the export-base theory applies best to the short run, the long run, or both. An attempt is being made here in answering this crucial question by applying a two-step test for cointegration on quarterly employment data, and in gaining insights as to whether or not any unequivocal judgment can be made regarding the validity of the economic base hypothesis.
Extrachromosomal Double Minutes and Chromosomal Homogeneously Staining Regions as Probes for Chromosome Research

Gene amplification in human cancer cells generates two cytogenetically identifiable structures: extrachromosomal double minutes (DMs) and the chromosomal homogeneously staining region (HSR). DMs are composed of autonomously replicating circular DNA of genomic origin, and they tell us about how the extrachromosomal elements may behave in the cells, how they were entrapped by the micronuclei and how they were eliminated from the cells. On the other hand, the episome model predicts that extrachromosomal elements excised from the chromosome arm might generate DMs, and the breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycle model explains the generation of the HSR. In accordance with this, a plasmid bearing a mammalian replication initiation region (IR) and a matrix attachment region (MAR) mimics gene amplification and generates DMs and HSRs de novo. The IR/MAR gene amplification system extends our understanding on the mechanism of gene amplification and the behavior of amplified genes. Furthermore, the system may suggest the way how extrachromosomal elements in general may alter the chromosome architecture and function.
Removal of serum from primary cultures of cerebellar granule neurons induces oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation: Protection with antioxidants and glutamate receptor antagonists

Cerebellar granule neurons undergo apoptosis when deprived of chronic depolarization; serum deprivation has not been considered as a trigger of apoptosis in this culture. Here we report that serum removal triggers cell injury, which is characterized by signs of apoptosis. Actual cell death (trypan blue permeability) occurred 24 and 48 hr after serum removal. At earlier times (6 and 8 hr after serum removal) we found significant impairment of mitochondrial functioning [3‐(4,5‐dimethyl thiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay] and an increase in the percentage of neurons showing signs of DNA fragmentation (in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase assay, fluorescent assay). Protection was obtained by inhibiting RNA synthesis with actinomycin D and by antioxidants [1 mM: 1,4‐diazobicyclo(2.2.2)octane, histidine, mannitol; 1% dimethyl sulfoxide; 0.01–1 μM ascorbic acid]. We also measured neuronal oxidation utilizing the oxidation‐sensitive fluorescent dye 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescin diacetate, and found a significant increase in the rate of neuronal oxidation as early as 15 min after serum deprivation. The blockade of glutamate receptors by (+)‐5‐methyl‐10,11‐dihydroxy‐5H‐dibenzo(a,d)cyclohepten‐5,10‐imine (MK‐801) and 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione also provided neuroprotection. However, oxidative stress appears to precede glutamate receptor activation: within the 8 hr period of serum deprivation, mannitol was protective when present either during only the first or last 4 hr; MK‐801 was protective only when present for the entire 8 hr period or in the last, but not first 4 hr of serum deprivation. Serum deprivation of mature cerebellar granule neurons can be used to study mechanisms of oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
‘I don’t feel like ‘a student’, I feel like ‘me’!’: the over‐simplification of mature learners’ experience(s)

Many studies of mature students within further and higher education portray them as a distinct social category with particular shared characteristics. Such representations are sometimes sub‐divided further along lines of social division. For instance, attempts to determine ‘types’ of mature learners have variously identified class, ethnicity, gender and age as being of key importance. This paper examines the utility of such attempts to categorise older learners by drawing upon data from a longitudinal study of students on a further education ‘Access to HE’, and subsequent university courses. It demonstrates that mature students are a diverse and heterogeneous group, with the ‘reality’ of their experience(s) being too complex, too individually situated, for meaningful representation otherwise.
Friendship, Sociology and Social Structure

This article is concerned with the contribution that sociology has made to our understanding of the ways in which friendships are socially patterned. Rather than treating these ties as individual or dyadic constructions, it examines how the social and economic contexts in which they develop influence their form. It focuses particularly on the impact that social location has on friendship, arguing that both class and status divisions are important for understanding the character of informal solidarities. However, both of these must be seen as dynamic, for neither class nor status characteristics are fixed; both alter biographically and historically, and as they alter they pattern the friendships individuals sustain. The final section of the article attempts to explicate how structural change at the end of the 20th century will affect friendship. While some theories of privatization imply that informal relationships are becoming less significant socially, the argument developed here is that the transformations of late modernity are likely to result in informal solidarities of friendship becoming more central.
Human Monocyte Heat Shock Protein 72 Responses to Acute Hypoxic Exercise after 3 Days of Exercise Heat Acclimation

The aim of this study was to determine whether short-term heat acclimation (STHA) could confer increased cellular tolerance to acute hypoxic exercise in humans as determined via monocyte HSP72 (mHSP72) expression. Sixteen males were separated into two matched groups. The STHA group completed 3 days of exercise heat acclimation; 60 minutes cycling at 50% V˙O2peak in 40°C 20% relative humidity (RH). The control group (CON) completed 3 days of exercise training in 20°C, 40% RH. Each group completed a hypoxic stress test (HST) one week before and 48 hours following the final day of CON or STHA. Percentage changes in HSP72 concentrations were similar between STHA and CON following HST1 (P = 0.97). STHA induced an increase in basal HSP72 (P = 0.03) with no change observed in CON (P = 0.218). Basal mHSP72 remained elevated before HST2 for the STHA group (P < 0.05) and was unchanged from HST1 in CON (P > 0.05). Percent change in mHSP72 was lower after HST2 in STHA compared to CON (P = 0.02). The mHSP72 response to hypoxic exercise was attenuated following 3 days of heat acclimation. This is indicative of improved tolerance and ability to cope with the hypoxic insult, potentially mediated in part by increased basal reserves of HSP72.
Technology and journalism-as-labour: Historical perspectives

Technological determinism is common among journalists when reflecting on changes in their profession; several studies show that journalists ascribe great power and independent agency to technology. There are at least two reasons for the persistence of technological determinism as an explanatory factor among journalists vis-a-vis their own work: first, technology is a highly integrated and therefore very tangible part of the everyday working life of journalists; and second, the technological paradigm for explaining change in journalism has deep historical roots. It is argued that analysing journalism as labour presents a way to address both the integration of technology in the everyday working practices of journalists, and the history of the inter-relations between journalism and technology. It is further argued that journalism studies as a field has not paid much attention to journalism as labour. This article is concerned with the second part of this programme for research, i.e. the historical analysis of journalism as labour. The framework of analysis is based on labour process theory, focusing on four themes in the history of journalism: (1) the importance of the separation of conception and execution of labour; (2) the increased differentiation of the labour process; (3) the use of technology to increase productivity; and (4) the deskilling of labour.
Digital Civics: Citizen Empowerment With and Through Technology

The current economic crisis has thrown the relationship between citizens, communities and the state into sharp relief. Digital Civics is an emerging cross-disciplinary area of research that seeking to understand the role that digital technologies can play in supporting relational models of service provision, organization and citizen empowerment. In particular, how digital technologies can scaffold a move from transactional to relational service models, and the potential of such models to reconfigure power relations between citizens, communities and the state. Through examples of Digital Civics systems. that question conventional models of service provision, this SIG aims to bring together researchers and practitioners to critically discuss and explore the theoretical underpinnings, development and deployment of digital tools, platforms and processes within a Digital Civics research agenda.
Induction of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase, SIRT1, and Catalase by Statins Inhibits Endothelial Senescence Through the Akt Pathway

Objective—Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl–coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) have pleiotropic vascular protective effects besides cholesterol lowering. Recently, experimental and clinical studies have indicated that senescence of endothelial cells is involved in endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis. Therefore, the present study was performed to determine whether statins would reduce endothelial senescence and to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the antisenescent property of statins. Methods and Results—Senescent human umbilical vein endothelial cells were induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as judged by senescence-associated &bgr;-galactosidase assay and cell morphological appearance. Atorvastatin, pravastatin, and pitavastatin inhibited the oxidative stress induced-endothelial senescence. These statins phosphorylated Akt at Ser473 and subsequently led to increased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), SIRT1, and catalase. Treatment with LY294002 or Akt short interfering RNA decreased the eNOS activation, SIRT1 expression, and antisenescent property of atorvastatin. Moreover, in streptozotocin-diabetic mice, administration of pitavastatin increased eNOS, SIRT1, and catalase expression and decreased endothelial senescence, but levels remained unaltered in Sirt1 knockout mice. Conclusion—Our results indicate that treatment with statins inhibits endothelial senescence and that enhancement of SIRT1 plays a critical role in prevention of endothelial senescence through the Akt pathway, a direct target of statins.
Surface Myoelectric Signal Analysis: Dynamic Approaches for Change Detection and Classification

Toward the goal of elbow and wrist prostheses control by characterizing events in surface myoelectric signals, this paper presents a dynamic method to simultaneously detect and classify such events. Dynamic cumulative sum of local generalized likelihood ratios using wavelet decomposition of the myoelectric signal is used for on-line detection. Frequency as well as energy changes are detected with this hybrid approach. Classification is composed of using multiresolution wavelet analysis and autoregressive modeling to extract signal features while polynomial classifiers are used for pattern modeling and matching. The results of detecting and classifying four elbow and wrist movements show that, in average, 91% of the events are correctly detected and classified using features obtained from multiresolution wavelet analysis while 95% accuracy is achieved with AR modeling. The classification accuracy decreases, however, if short prostheses response delay is desired. This paper also shows that the performance of the polynomial classifiers is better than that of the commonly used neural networks since it gives higher classification accuracy and consistent classification outcomes. In comparison to the well known support vector machine classification, the polynomial classifier gives similar results without the need to optimize and search for classifier parameters
Strong Link Establishment in Wireless Ad hoc Network using Position based Reconfiguration

Abstract––In this paper, we analyze the nature of links among various sensor nodes which is subjected to dynamic reconfiguration . This may arise due to occurrence of adverse constraints in the deployed environment. As a result the communication frame-work gets influenced and needs to be modified from time to time. The suggested scheme deals with finding the number of strong and weak links for each node to every other node. The network characteristic is studied over a period of time and displacement of nodes assumed to be random. This information can be further utilized to modify the routing table for transmission across the strong links so that the node saves energy and remain active for a longer period of time.
Production , Manufacturing and Logistics A benchmark solution for the risk-averse newsvendor problem

In this paper, we derive the first order conditions for optimality for the problem of a risk-averse expected-utility maximizer newsvendor. We use these conditions to solve a special case where the utility function is any increasing differentiable function, and the random demand is uniformly distributed. This special case has a simple closed form solution and therefore it provides an insightful and practical interpretation to the optimal point. We show some properties of the solution and also demonstrate how it can be used for assessing the newsvendor utility function parameters. 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Internal migration of the foreign-born in Canada.

This article uses the Public Use Sample file of the 1986 Canadian census to characterize and explain the interprovincial migration patterns of the foreign-born in Canada. Simple overall in- and outmigration rates are calculated for the foreign-born and compared to the interprovincial migration rates for Canadian-born migrants, specifically primary, return and onward migrants. A two-level nested logit model is then applied for foreign-born migrants age 20–64 to study the effects of personal factors and provincial attributes on their interprovincial migration patterns. The foreign-born have higher in- and outmigration rates than primary migrants, with Ontario having a strong ability to attract and retain the foreign-born. Despite these differences, the foreign-born respond to economic variables in a rational way and relatively little of the migration decision process can be explained by place-of-birth effects. Selectivity with respect to personal factors (i.e., education, age, sex, family type) is similar t.
State versus Action Orientation and the Theory of Reasoned Action: An Application to Coupon Usage

This article investigates how the individual difference variable of state versus action orientation moderates the pattern of relationships among constructs in the theory of reasoned action. State orientation refers to a low capacity for the enactment of action-related mental structures, whereas action orientation refers to a high capacity for this type of enactment. A field study was conducted in the context of consumers self-reported usage of coupons for grocery shopping. The results showed that state versus action orientation moderates the relative importance of determinants of intentions; specifically subjective norms become more important as people become state oriented whereas the relative importance of attitudes increases as people become action oriented. In addition, the study showed that past behavior is a determinant of intentions to use coupons. Copyright 1992 by the University of Chicago.