Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of a transitional synthetic jet in quiescent external flow

The flow associated with a synthetic jet transitioning to turbulence in an otherwise quiescent external flow is examined using time-accurate three-dimensional numerical simulations. The incompressible Navier–Stokes solver uses a second-order accurate scheme for spatial discretization and a second-order semi-implicit fractional step method for time integration. The simulations are designed to model the experiments of C. S. Yao et al. (Proc. NASA LaRC Workshop, 2004) which have examined, in detail, the external evolution of a transitional synthetic jet in quiescent flow. Although the jet Reynolds and Stokes numbers in the simulations match with the experiment, a number of simplifications have been made in the synthetic jet actuator model adopted in the current simulations. These include a simpler representation of the cavity and slot geometry and diaphragm placement. Despite this, a reasonably good match with the experiments is obtained in the core of the jet and this indicates that for these jets, matching of these key non-dimensional parameters is sufficient to capture the critical features of the external jet flow. The computed results are analysed further to gain insight into the dynamics of the external as well as internal flow. The results indicate that near the jet exit plane, the flow field is dominated by the formation of counter-rotating spanwise vortex pairs that break down owing to the rapid growth of spanwise instabilities and transition to turbulence a short distance from the slot. Detailed analyses of the unsteady characteristics of the flow inside the jet cavity and slot provide insights that to date have not been available from experiments.
Accumulation of DNA Damage in Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells during Human Aging

Background Accumulation of DNA damage leading to adult stem cell exhaustion has been proposed to be a principal mechanism of aging. Here we tested this hypothesis in healthy individuals of different ages by examining unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells matured in their physiological microenvironment. Methodology/Principal Findings To asses DNA damage accumulation and repair capacities, γH2AX-foci were examined before and after exposure to ionizing irradiation. Analyzing CD34+ and CD34− stem/progenitor cells we observed an increase of endogenous γH2AX-foci levels with advancing donor age, associated with an age-related decline in telomere length. Using combined immunofluorescence and telomere-fluorescence in-situ hybridization we show that γH2AX-foci co-localize consistently with other repair factors such as pATM, MDC1 and 53BP1, but not significantly with telomeres, strongly supporting the telomere-independent origin for the majority of foci. The highest inter-individual variations for non-telomeric DNA damage were observed in middle-aged donors, whereas the individual DSB repair capacity appears to determine the extent of DNA damage accrual. However, analyzing different stem/progenitor subpopulations obtained from healthy elderly (>70 years), we observed an only modest increase in DNA damage accrual, most pronounced in the primitive CD34+CD38−-enriched subfraction, but sustained DNA repair efficiencies, suggesting that healthy lifestyle may slow down the natural aging process. Conclusions/Significance Based on these findings we conclude that age-related non-telomeric DNA damage accrual accompanies physiological stem cell aging in humans. Moreover, aging may alter the functional capacity of human stem cells to repair DSBs, thereby deteriorating an important genome protection mechanism leading to exceeding DNA damage accumulation. However, the great inter-individual variations in middle-aged individuals suggest that additional cell-intrinsic mechanisms and/or extrinsic factors contribute to the age-associated DNA damage accumulation.
An SF1 affinity model to identify branch point sequences in human introns

Splicing factor 1 (SF1) binds to the branch point sequence (BPS) of mammalian introns and is believed to be important for the splicing of some, but not all, introns. To help identify BPSs, particularly those that depend on SF1, we generated a BPS profile model in which SF1 binding affinity data, validated by branch point mapping, were iteratively incorporated into computational models. We searched a data set of 117 499 human introns for best matches to the SF1 Affinity Model above a threshold, and counted the number of matches at each intronic position. After subtracting a background value, we found that 87.9% of remaining high-scoring matches identified were located in a region upstream of 3′-splice sites where BPSs are typically found. Since U2AF65 recognizes the polypyrimidine tract (PPT) and forms a cooperative RNA complex with SF1, we combined the SF1 model with a PPT model computed from high affinity binding sequences for U2AF65. The combined model, together with binding site location constraints, accurately identified introns bound by SF1 that are candidates for SF1-dependent splicing.
Hierarchical data structures and algorithms for computer graphics. I. Fundamentals

The fundamentals of hierarchical data structures are reviewed and it is shown how they are used in the implementation of some basic operations in computer graphics. The properties of hierarchical structures are discussed, focusing on quadtrees and octrees. The latter are defined, some of the more common ways in which they are implemented are examined, and an explanation of the quadtree/octree complexity theorem is provided. Vector quadtrees and vector octrees are discussed. The performance of basic operations using quadtrees is considered. <<ETX>>
Postnatal Development of a Segmental Switch Enables Corticospinal Tract Transmission to Spinal Forelimb Motor Circuits

Development of skilled movements and the corticospinal tract (CST) begin prenatally and continue postnatally. Because the CST is required for skilled movements in maturity, it is accepted that motor skills cannot occur until the CST develops a mature organization. We recently showed that the CST plays an essential role in postnatal development of interneurons comprising the spinal circuits it engages. We proposed that CST signals are more effectively transmitted to ventral motor circuits after interneuron maturation, thereby enabling expression of CST motor functions, suggesting development of a segmental switch promoting transmission. We tested this by recording CST-evoked focal synaptic potentials, extracellularly, in the cervical enlargement of cats before and after interneuron maturation [postnatal week 5 (PW5) to PW7]. We compared monosynaptic CST amplitude input to segmental circuits with oligosynaptic ventral horn responses, as a measure of CST-evoked segmental response transmission from input to output. The M1 primary motor cortex was unilaterally inactivated between PW5 and PW7 to determine activity dependence. CST interneuron contacts were identified using confocal microscopy. CST terminals contact diverse interneuron classes. CST stimulation strongly activated ventral motor circuits at the ages when both interneurons and CST spinal terminations have developed a mature phenotype, supporting development of segmental transmission of CST signals. CST activity blockade impeded development of effective segmental transmission by the inactivated CST and created a novel path for transmission from the ipsilateral, unaffected, CST. Our findings show that development of segmental CST signal transmission regulates nascent CST motor control functions and provide insight into systems-level mechanisms for protracted motor skill development.
On-Chip Memory Hierarchy in One Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Architecture to Compress Memory Space and to Reduce Reconfiguration Time and Data-Reference Time

The coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture (CGRA) is proven to be energy efficient in several specific domains. In CGRAs, the on-chip memory hierarchy, which contains the context memory and the data memory organizations, should be well considered to achieve appropriate tradeoffs among three aspects: 1) performance; 2) area; and 3) power. In this paper, two techniques called the hierarchical configuration context (HCC) and the lifetime-based data-memory organization (LDO) focusing on the context memory and the data memory organizations are proposed to compress the on-chip memory space and to reduce the reconfiguration time and the data-reference time. In the HCC, the contexts are constructed in a hierarchical fashion to completely eliminate the repetitive portions of the contexts, not only reducing the overall context storage, but also alleviating the context transportation overhead. A fast context-indexing mechanism in the HCC is proposed to achieve fast reconfiguration, as the hierarchically organized contexts can be located and accessed conveniently. In the LDO, the on-chip data are classified into two types, based on the lifetime of data. The short-lifetime data are stored in the first in first out to increase the reuse ratio of memory space automatically, whereas the long-lifetime data are stored in the radom access memory for several time references. The HCC and the LDO are used in a CGRA core called as reconfigurable processing unit (RPU). Two RPUs are integrated in a reconfigurable computing processor (RCP) called as REconfigurable MUlti-media System, High-Performance Processor (REMUS_HPP). Because of the HCC, compared with a traditional nonhierarchical system, the total context storage required in H.264 decoding is reduced by 77%. Because of the LDO, the normalized on-chip data memory size at same performance level in the REMUS_HPP is only 23.8% and 14.8% of those in XPP-III (a high-performance RCP) and ADRES (a low-power RCP). REMUS_HPP is implemented on a 48.9-mm2 silicon with TSMC 65-nm technology, using a 200-MHz working frequency to achieve 1920 × 1088 at 30 fps H.264 high-profile decoding. Compared with XPP-III, the performance of the REMUS_HPP is 1.81× boosted, whereas the energy efficiency is 4.75× higher.
The role of nitric oxide in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective motor neuronal death. The cause of ALS is unclear, but accumulating evidence, such as the insufficient clearance of glutamate through the glutamate transporter, and the specific distribution of Ca 2+ -permeable AMPA receptors in spinal motor neurons, indicates that glutamate-induced neurotoxicity is involved in its pathogenesis. Interestingly, nitric oxide (NO), which has been identified as an endotheliumderived relaxing factor (EDRF), was found to be a pivotal inducer of glutamate-induced neuronal death. NO is generated by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), of which there are three subtypes: neuronal NOS expressed mainly in neurons, inducible NOS in astroglia, and endothelial NOS in vessels. NO-related toxicity is caused by peroxynitrite, formed by the reaction of NO with superoxide anions, resulting in the nitration of tyrosine residues in neurofilaments, irreversible inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and inhibition of the glutamate transporter. Clinically, the axonal spheroids of motor neurons are reported to be immunoreactive to anti-nitrotyrosine antibody, and there are elevated levels of the metabolites of NO in the cerebrospinal fluid of ALS patients. Since physiologically normal motor neurons express limited amounts of neuronal NOS, the source of NO is considered to be non-motor neurons expressing neuronal NOS, astroglia expressing inducible NOS, or motor neurons themselves inducing neuronal NOS. Conversely, neurons containing neuronal NOS are known to be resistant to toxic stimuli, which raises the possibility that such neurons are protected by NO. Several mechanisms have been reported to mediate the NO-related neuroprotection, including cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP), a downstream product of NO generation. This review summarizes previous studies on NO, focusing on its dual functions of neurotoxicity or neuroprotection, and discusses the putative roles of NO in relation to the pathogenesis of ALS.
Supporting international medical graduates’ transition to their host‐country: realist synthesis

Many health services and systems rely on the contribution of international medical graduates (IMGs) to the workforce. However, concern has grown around their regulation and professional practice. There is a need, in the absence of strong evidence and a robust theoretical base, for a deeper understanding of the efficacy of interventions used to support IMGs’ transition to their host countries. This study seeks to explore and synthesise evidence relating to interventions developed for IMGs. It aims to provide educators and policy makers with an understanding of how interventions should be developed to support IMGs in their transition to the workplace, particularly looking to identify how and why they are effective.
Genetic Team Composition and Level of Selection in the Evolution of Cooperation

In cooperative multiagent systems, agents interact to solve tasks. Global dynamics of multiagent teams result from local agent interactions, and are complex and difficult to predict. Evolutionary computation has proven a promising approach to the design of such teams. The majority of current studies use teams composed of agents with identical control rules (ldquogenetically homogeneous teamsrdquo) and select behavior at the team level (ldquoteam-level selectionrdquo). Here we extend current approaches to include four combinations of genetic team composition and level of selection. We compare the performance of genetically homogeneous teams evolved with individual-level selection, genetically homogeneous teams evolved with team-level selection, genetically heterogeneous teams evolved with individual-level selection, and genetically heterogeneous teams evolved with team-level selection. We use a simulated foraging task to show that the optimal combination depends on the amount of cooperation required by the task. Accordingly, we distinguish between three types of cooperative tasks and suggest guidelines for the optimal choice of genetic team composition and level of selection.
Multi-robot systems : from swarms to intelligent automata volume III : proceedings from the 2005 International Workshop on Multi-Robot Systems

Preface. Part I Task Allocation. The Generation of Bidding Rules for Auction-Based Robot Coordination. Craig Tovey, Michail G. Lagoudakis, Sonal fain, Sven Koenig. Issues in Multi-Robot Coalition Formation. Lovekesh Vig, Julie A. Adams. Sensor Network-Mediated Multi-Robot Task Allocation. Maxim A. Batalin and Gaurav S. Sukhatme. Part II Coordination in Dynamic Environments. Multi-Objective Cooperative Control of Dynamical Systems. Zhihua Qu, fing Wang, Richard A. Hull. Levels of Multi-Robot Coordination for Dynamic Environments. Cohn P. McMillen, Paul E. Rybski, Manuela M. Veloso. Parallel Stochastic Hill-Climbing with Small Teams. Brian P. Gerkey, Sebastian Thrun, Geoff Gordon. Toward Versatility of Multi-Robot Systems. Cohn Cherry and Hong Zhang. Part III Information/ Sensor Sharing and Fusion. Decentralized Communication Strategies. Maayan Roth, Reid Simmons, and Manuela Veloso. Improving Multirobot Multitarget Tracking. Matthew Powers, Ramp rasad Ravichandran, Frank Dehlaert, Tucker Baich. Enabling Autonomous Sensor-Sharing. Lynne E. Parker, Maureen Chandra, Fang Tang. Part IV Distributed Mapping and Coverage. Merging Partial Maps without Using Odometry. Francesco Amigoni, Simone Gasparini, Maria Gini. Distributed Coverage of Unknown/Unstructured Environments by Mobile Sensor Networks. Ioannis Rekleitis, Ai Peng New, Howie Choset. Part V Motion Planning and Control. Motion Planning with Safe Dynamics. James Bruce and Manuela Veloso. A Multi-Robot Testbed for Biologically-Inspired Cooperative Control. Rafael Fierro and Justin Clark, Dean Hougen and Sesh Commuri. Part VI Human-Robot Interaction. Task Switching and Multi-Robot Teams. Michael A. Goodrich, Morgan Quigley, Keryl Cosenzo. User Modeling for Principled Sliding Autonomy in Human-Robot Teams. Brennan Seilner, Reid Simmons, Sanjiv Singh. Part VII Applications. Multi-Robot Chemical Plume Tracing. Diana Spears, Dimitri Zarzhitsky, David Thayer. Deploying Air-Ground Multi-Robot Teamsin Urban Environments. L. Chaimowicz, A. Cowley, D. Gomez-Ibanez, B. Grochoisky, M.A. Hsieh, H. Hsu, J.F. Keller, V Kumar, R. Swaminathan, C.J. Taylor. Precision Manipulation with Cooperative Robots. Ashley Stroupe, Terry Huntsberger, Avi Okon, Hrand Aghazarian. Part VIII Poster Short Papers. A Robust Monte-Carlo Algorithm for Multi-Robot Localization. Vazha Amiranashvili, Gerhard Lakemeyer. A Dialogue-Based Approach to Multi-Robot Team Control. Nathanael Chambers, James Allen, Lucian Galescu, Hyuckchul Jung. Hybrid FSO/RF Networks for Mobile Robot Teams. Jason Derenick, Christopher Thorne, and John Spletzer. Swarming UAVS Behavior Hierarchy. Kuo-Chi Lin. The GNATs. Keith J. O'Hara, Daniel B. Walker, and Tucker R. Balch. Role Based Operations. Brian Satterfield, Heeten Choxi, and Drew Housten. Ergodic Dynamics by Design. Dylan A. Shell, Chris V. Jones, Maja J. Matarie.
Recovering Epipolar Geometry from Mutual Projections of Multiple Cameras

In this paper, we analyze the computation of epipolar geometry in some special cases where multiple cameras are projected each other in their images. In such cases, epipoles can be obtained directly from images as the projection of cameras. As the result, the epipolar geometry can be computed from less image correspondences with higher stability. In this paper, we analyze the number of corresponding points required for computing bifocal, trifocal and quadrifocal tensors in the case where cameras are projected mutually. We next study the stability of extracted epipolar geometry under mutual projections.
Schlaganfallprävention aus praktisch klinischer Sicht

Zusammenfassung Der Arzt steht oft vor dem Problem, dass er weiß, was die Leitlinien der DGN zur Sekundärprophylaxe des Schlaganfalles sagen. Nur muss der Arzt einen Patienten, den er z. B. nie in eine Studie hätte aufnehmen können, behandeln. Hierzu bedarf es eines Pragmatismus, der die Kosten für das System, aber vor allem die individuelle Situation des Patienten berücksichtigen muss. Hinzu kommt, dass Studien Fragen offen lassen. Für die Wahl des Aggregationshemmers ist die individuelle Situation des Patienten wichtig. Blutdrucksenkung bei Patienten, die zu wenig Flüssigkeit aufnehmen, muss hinterfragt werden. 24-Stunden- Blutdruckmessungen sollten zur Beurteilungsbasis werden, um nächtliche Blutdruckabfälle nicht zu übersehen. Lipidsenker sind statistisch zwar bei älteren Patienten in der Hirninfarktprophylaxe wirksam, dürften aber kaum die erste und wichtigste Maßnahme darstellen. Wichtig ist bei allen medikamentös möglichen Einzeleffekten die Machbarkeit in der Praxis, z. B. die Gesamtmenge der verordneten Medikamente im Auge zu behalten.
A 45-Year-Old Man With Recurrent Dyspnea and Hemoptysis during Exercise: Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage/Edema

A 45-year-old man presented with dyspnea and hemoptysis during exercise. A chest computed tomography (CT) revealed multifocal diffuse patchy ground glass opacity and interlobular septal thickening in both the lungs. Permeability pulmonary edema or pulmonary hemorrhage was suspected. Serologic studies for autoimmune disorders and vasculitis were negative. There was no laboratory evidence of coagulopathy, other hematopoietic disease or infectious disease. Considering correlation with exercise, we diagnosed exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) or exercise-induced pulmonary edema (EIPE). The patient was managed with antifibrinolytics, antibiotics, and antitussive agent. After a week, follow-up chest CT revealed completely resolved pulmonary hemorrhage. About 2 months after the first event, he visited again with dyspnea and hemoptysis during running. In the present study, we report a case of recurrent pulmonary hemorrhage after exercise.
Traffic engineering supported by Inherent Network Management: analysis of resource efficiency and cost saving potential

Future Internet, inherent traffic and network management as well as the corresponding business aspects are topics of intensive research activity. The combination of those areas is a main focus of Inherent Network Management (INM) as a management framework based on distributed, self‐organizing and autonomous approaches to address new challenges in a trend towards heterogeneous and dynamic future networking environments. We describe the INM design and behaviors especially with regard to advanced monitoring and fast failure response to enable more flexibility in traffic engineering, in order to improve the control and utilization of bandwidth and other network resources. We analyze a case study on the process of upgrading the links in broadband access networks, as a steadily ongoing planning procedure in operational fixed and mobile networks to keep pace with rapidly growing user demand and Internet traffic. Full mesh topologies are considered as a relevant core network structure that allows for an explicit analytical comparison of the resource and cost efficiency with and without optimized load balancing. The results indicate that flexible path design with INM support can increase the admissible throughput or, vice versa, reduce part of the over‐provisioning of routing and transmission capacity with corresponding savings in capital expenditure as well as for operational expenditure due to reduced energy consumption. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.