Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gabor-YOLONet: A lightweight and efficient detection network for low-voltage power lines from unmanned aerial vehicle images

Maintaining and monitoring low-voltage overhead power lines are of great importance because such lines are the key link between the power system and low-voltage power users. At present, few networks can be detected accurately on intelligent edge identification devices because of the complex backgrounds and limited characteristics in unmanned aerial vehicle images as well as the low computing abilities of hardware. In order to give consideration to accuracy and speed, a novel power line detection method was proposed, denoted by Gabor-YOLONet, used for intelligent edge identification devices available to UAV. Unlike existing methods, the proposed method uses the Gabor algorithm to extract foreground of power lines from cluttered backgrounds automatically and predict power lines and their auxiliary targets such as insulators in the foreground scene. In addition, a new inference method was introduced, which can summarize the average location and orientation of auxiliary targets by clustering to verify the rationality of the predicted results for power lines. The experiment results showed that the proposed method had the higher accuracy and consumed less computing resources; compared with other methods, the mAP of identification for power lines was 86.6% and the running time was only 25 ms, with excellent performance on intelligent edge devices.
Diversity patterns and conservation of the Vigna spp. in Mozambique: A comprehensive study

Mozambique supports a high diversity of native legume species, including many Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs). Among them, the still understudied genus Vigna is a particularly notable and promising donor of favorable traits for crop improvement. This study aims to provide an updated overview of Vigna CWRs diversity in Mozambique, defining a conservation strategy for priority target taxa and areas. A checklist of Vigna taxa was prepared and using five criteria (taxonomic group, ethnobotanical value, global and regional distributions, and ex situ conservation status), the prioritization of each taxon was determined. The distribution of Vigna native to Mozambique was studied and diversity hotspots were detected; gaps in in situ conservation were analyzed by overlaying species distribution with Mozambique’s Protected Areas Network. Maps predicting the differences between future conditions and baseline values were performed to investigate expected changes in temperature and precipitation in Vigna’s occurrence areas. There are 21 Vigna native taxa occurring in Mozambique, with the Chimanimani Mountains and Mount Gorongosa, as diversity hotspots for the genus. Following the IUCN Red List criteria, 13 taxa are of Least Concern, while the remaining eight are currently Not Evaluated. According to their priority level for further conservation actions, 24% of the taxa are of high priority, 67% of medium priority, and 9% of low priority. The important hotspot of Chimanimani Mountains is among the areas most affected by the predicted future increase in temperature and reduction of rainfall. The obtained distribution and species richness maps, represent a relevant first tool to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of Protected Areas and IPAs of Mozambique for the conservation of Vigna CWRs. The in situ gap analysis showed that 52% of the Vigna taxa are unprotected; this could be overcome by establishing reserves in Vigna diversity centers, considering the different types of habitats to which the different taxa are adapted, and by increasing in situ protection for the high priority ones. The ex situ conservation of Vigna is very limited and storing seed collections of these CWRs, is an essential component in global food security, as some taxa seem suitable as donors of genetic material to increase resistance to pests and diseases, or to drought and salinity. Overall, we provide recommendations for future research, collecting, and management, to conserve Vigna CWR in Mozambique, providing new data for their sustainable use in crop enhancement, as well as proposing measures for future conservation programs.
Optimum heating of cylindrical pressure components weakened by holes

A method for determining time-optimum medium temperature changes is presented. The heating of the pressure elements will be conducted so that the circumferential stress caused by pressure and ﬂuid temperature variations at the edge of the opening at the point of stress concentration, do not exceed the allowable value. In contrast to present standards, two points at the edge of the opening are taken into consider-ation. The ﬁrst point, P 1 , is located at the cross section and the second, P 2 , at the longitudinal section of the vessel. It will be shown that the optimum temperature courses should be determined with respect to the total circumferential stress at the point P 2 , and not, as in the existing standards due to the stress at the point P 1 . Optimum ﬂuid temperature changes are assumed in the form of simple time functions. For practical reasons the optimum temperature in the ramp form is preferred. It is possible to increase the ﬂuid temperature stepwise at the beginning of the heating process and then increase the ﬂuid temperature with the constant rate. Allowing stepwise ﬂuid temperature increase at the beginning of heating ensures that the heating time of a thick-walled component is shorter than heating time resulting from the calculations according to EN 12952-3 European Standard.
Magnetization curves of plastically deformed Fe metals and alloys

The hysteresis loop of plastically deformed Fe metals and alloys was measured for single crystals, polycrystalline iron, and A533B steel samples, and the dislocation density and structure of these samples were observed by electron microscopy. The relation between structure-sensitive properties and applied stress σ was analyzed in connection with grain boundaries and dislocations. The coercive force Hc increases with σ and is represented by one curve in all the samples. The magnetic susceptibility χc above the coercive field can be described by a simple relation to the magnetic field H. χc=c/H3 in a limited region of H. The parameter c depends only on lattice defects such as dislocations and the grain size and has a simple relation to them, but is independent of the kinds of samples or of the process of plastic deformation. The susceptibility χc is explained in comparison with the susceptibility χr in the range of approach to saturation. The magnetic properties c and Hc are discussed considering the disloc.
Examples of braided groups and braided matrices

Matrix braided groups are developed as an analog of the ‘‘coordinate functions’’ on a group or supergroup. The ±1 in the super case is replaced by braid statistics. There are braided group analogs of all the classical simple Lie groups as well as braided matrix groups and braided matrices B(R) for every regular solution R of the quantum Yang–Baxter equations. A direct verification of B(R) is provided and some of the simplest examples are computed in detail.
A New Approach to Cycling in a 2-locus 2-allele Genetic Model

In the reproductive process new genetic types arise due to crossing over and recombination at the meiotic stage. A simplified biological model will be developed which incorporates this effect and the effect of selection. Although a chromosome may contain thousands of genes we will consider a simplified model consisting of two genetic loci, each containing two alleles of some gene. The model will be then turned into a difference equation or mapping model x* = G(x,r) where x represents the frequency distribution of genotypes in a certain infinite population, x* is this distribution one generation later and r is the recombination parameter. For a certain choice of fitness and recombination parameters the mapping exhibits several fixed points. As r is varied one of the fixed points of the mapping loses its stability due to a conjugate pair of eigenvalues of the linearized mapping leaving the unit disk. It is shown that the required non-resonance conditions and “nonlinear damping” condition are satisfied and thus the fixed point undergoes a Neimark–Sacker bifurcation to a cycling or oscillatory state. Once a cycling orbit is established one can conclude that genetic variation (over time) of the population can be maintained. This work reformulates and proves earlier observations of Alan Hastings in a way that makes the treatment of chromosomes with more genetic loci more straightforward.
Optical properties of rocksalt and zinc blende AlN phases: First-principles calculations

We investigate the electronic structures and optical properties of the wurtzite, zinc blende, and rocksalt AlN phases at their structural phase transition pressures by the ultrasoft pseudopotential density functional method. We employ the Perdew–Burke–Eruzerhof form of the generalized gradient approximation available in the CASTEP code with the plane-wave basis sets to expand the periodic electron density. The dielectric function and optical properties such as reflectivity, absorption coefficient, refractive index, and electron energy-loss function are presented in a wide energy range between 0 and 50eV. Our results reveal that for rocksalt AlN phase, the intensity of N 2p orbitals in the conduction bands obviously decreases when the pressure increases from 15to17GPa. The calculated optical properties indicate that the zinc blende and wurtzite AlN phases have some similar features but the rocksalt AlN phase has other characteristics.
Applications of the Simple Multi-Fluid Model to Correlations of the Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Refrigerant Mixtures Containing Carbon Dioxide

This study presents a simple multi-fluid model for Helmholtz energy equations of state. The model contains only three parameters, whereas rigorous multi-fluid models developed for several industrially important mixtures usually have more than 10 parameters and coefficients. Therefore, the model can be applied to mixtures where experimental data is limited. Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of the following seven mixtures have been successfully correlated with the model: CO2 + difluoromethane (R-32), CO2 + trifluoromethane (R-23), CO2 + fluoromethane (R-41), CO2 + 1,1,1,2- tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), CO2 + pentafluoroethane (R-125), CO2 + 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a), and CO2 + dimethyl ether (DME). The best currently available equations of state for the pure refrigerants were used for the correlations. For all mixtures, average deviations in calculated bubble-point pressures from experimental values are within 2%. The simple multi-fluid model will be helpful for design and simulations of heat pumps and refrigeration systems using the mixtures as working fluid.
Self-Accommodation of Ionic Size-Effect Atomic Displacements in Antiferroelectric Order in Relaxor Lead Scandium Niobate

Local antiferroelectric order of lattice distortion caused by an ionic size difference has been discovered in relaxor lead scandium niobate, Pb(Sc{sub 1/2}Nb{sub 1/2})O{sub 3} , using an x-ray diffuse scattering technique. This ordering nature is thought to produce a glassy motion of ions in response to an applied electric field. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
Theories, Models, and Standard Systems of Measurement

Measurement theories in psychology may be classi fied in terms of whether they begin from a general measurement framework or from a specific area of measurement. Points of contact between theories and different specific measurement areas have been limited by the choice of focus in discussions of general mea surement theories and specific theories or models. This presentation outlines a metatheoretical framework that begins with the obvious common factor in all areas, the standard system of measurement. Just as a stan dard is a commonly accepted unit of measurement, a standard system is a commonly accepted mechanism of measurement for a given area. The concept of a standard system amplifies general definitions of mea surement and clarifies metatheoretical statements con cerning the requirements for measurement. Differences between measurement situations may be categorized by the type of standard system used and by features of the attribute measured. Identification of different stan dard systems and elements of the measurement process provides a focus for comparisons between measure ment theories and models in different measurement situations. Index terms: applied measurement models, comparison of measurement models, definition of measurement, measurement process, measurement theory, metatheoretical framework for applied mea surement models, standard systems of measurement.
On scaling linear programs—some experimental results

We consider the possibility of preprocessing linear programs by row and column scaling in order to reduce the number of simplex iterations required for solving the programs when Dantzig's original entering variable rule is used. It is conjectured that an appropriate scaling objective should be to try to give all nonzero coefficients of the linear program the same magnitude. This objective is quantified by the introduction of different optimal scaling models. Optimality conditions are derived for each model, and based on these a number of scaling methods are developed. The scaling methods have been applied to two classes of small-size randomly generated linear programs, one dense class and one sparse. The results of these experiments are promising, and motivate further research in this direction
The Altitude Coverage of the Colorado Wind Profilers at 50, 405 and 915 MHz

Abstract The maximum height performance of the 50, 405 nd 915 MHz Colorado wind profiles is computed from the wind profiler database. Results show that even though the 50 MHz profiler has the largest seasonal variation in the maximum height coverage, it also has the greatest height coverage. In addition, it also has a greater increase in height for the same increase in sensitivity. On the basis of thew measurements we predict the height coverage of the 405 MHz wind profiler for the proposed wind profiler network.
A combinatorial problem and congruences for the Rayleigh function

Let z be a positive integer and let m be the number of nonzero terms in the base 2 expansion of z. Define f(z, s) as the number of positive integers r_z/2 such that the number of non- zero terms in the base 2 expansion of r plus the number of nonzero terms in the base 2 expansion of z-r is equal to m+s. We find formulas for f(z, s) and show how these formulas can be used in proving congruences for the Rayleigh function.
BAND GAPS AND BAND OFFSETS IN STRAINED GAAS1-YSBY ON INP GROWN BY METALORGANIC CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION

Metastable GaAs1−ySby with 0.22<y<0.70 has been grown pseudomorphically strained on (001) InP substrates using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The Sb concentration and layer thicknesses, ranging from 24 to 136 nm, were determined by high resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) measurements. Low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy revealed spatially indirect band-to-band emission of electrons localized in the InP and holes in the GaAs1−ySby. At increased excitation power densities samples with layer thicknesses above 65 nm showed, also, spatially direct PL across the band gap of the strained GaAs1−ySby. From the PL data the band gap energy and the band offsets of GaAs1–ySby relative to InP were derived and compared with the predictions of the Model Solid Theory.
A viscoelastic model for dielectric elastomers based on a continuum mechanical formulation and its finite element implementation

Smart materials are active and multifunctional materials, which play an important part for sensor and actuator applications. These materials have the potential to transform passive structures into adaptive systems. However, a prerequisite for the design and the optimization of these materials is, that reliable models exist, which incorporate the interaction between the different combinations of thermal, electrical, magnetic, optical and mechanical effects. Polymeric electroelastic materials, so-called electroactive polymer (EAP), own the characteristic to deform if an electric field is applied. EAP's possesses the benefit that they share the characteristic of polymers, these are lightweight, inexpensive, fracture tolerant, elastic, and the chemical and physical structure is well understood. However, the description "electroactive polymer" is a generic term for many kinds of different microscopic mechanisms and polymeric materials. Based on the laws of electromagnetism and elasticity, a visco-electroelastic model is developed and implemented into the finite element method (FEM). The presented three-dimensional solid element has eight nodes and trilinear interpolation functions for the displacement and the electric potential. The continuum mechanics model contains finite deformations, the time dependency and the nearly incompressible behavior of the material. To describe the possible, large time dependent deformations, a finite viscoelastic model with a split of the deformation gradient is used. Thereby the time dependent characteristic of polymeric materials is incorporated through the free energy function. The electromechanical interactions are considered by the electrostatic forces and inside the energy function.
A study of the stellar population in the Chamaeleon dark clouds

The properties of the stellar population in the Chamaeleon dark clouds are discussed. Spectral energy distributions, based on the extant photometric and spectroscopic data base and IRAS fluxes measured from coadded data taken at the position of each star, and spectral types allow placement of the stars in an H-R diagram. The age and mass distributions and the luminosity function for the Chamaeleon stars are compared to those in the Taurus-Auriga dark clouds and are found to be similar. A small subsample (eight of 36) of the Chamaeleon stars show unusual spectral energy distributions which seem best interpreted as arising from circumstellar disks whose inner regions (R(in)) is less than 30-50 stellar radii) area devoid of material. The X-ray properties of this sample of premain-sequence objects are compared to those of other premain-sequence samples, as well as to the Hyades and the Pleiades main-sequence stars.
Research Note Prediction for the first generation stars from a Galactic halo chemical evolution model with Miller-Scalo initial mass function

A model of supernova-driven chemical evolution of the Galactic halo proposed by Tsujimoto et al. ([CITE]) (TSY) is used to investigate the observations of the first generation stars (FGS). We assume in this paper that a star with a metallicity ${\rm [Fe/H]}\le -6$ is truly a FGS. We obtain FGS probabilities with the Miller-Scalo form of the stellar initial mass function and limit our model parameters to values consistent with the observed metallicity distributions of metal-poor stars in the range of $-4.0 7 to $1 10^8 M_\odot$, our model suggests that the probability of identifying FGS in the halo is about 6.14 10 -5 to 6.14 10 -6 .
Stimulus-response compatibility versus Information-Action compatibility

Stimulus-response compatibility experiments usually employ simple stimuli (e.g., colored lights) and simple responses (e.g., keypresses). The ecological approach to perception and action, on the other hand, emphasizes higher order quantities, information, and action. The three choice reaction time experiments reported here demonstrate the utility of the higher order descriptors for understanding compatibility effects. In Experiment 1, proximal-distal responses were shown to be compatible with the approach-withdrawal information embodied in a two-dimensional kinematic pattern. In Experiment 2, compatibility effects reflected unique combinations of stimulus location, geometric information about distance, and the response. In Experi- ment 3, a compatibility effect was shown to be a function of an action rather than a mere movement. These results favor an informational description of stimuli and emphasize the functional significance of responses.
The CLIO project

The CLIO project including a 100 m baseline cryogenic gravitational wave laser interferometer and a 100 m baseline geophysical strain meter was conducted in the Kamioka mine in Japan to investigate the technical feasibility of the large-scale cryogenic gravitational wave telescope (LCGT), which is planned to be constructed in the same Kamioka mine with 30 times longer baseline than CLIO, and to demonstrate the collaborative operation between these instruments about long-term continuous operation and gravitational wave signal veto analysis. About the cryogenic gravitational wave interferometer, the whole vacuum system and four cryostats, which house and cool sapphire mirrors, were constructed, and the required vacuum level of 10−6 mbar and the temperature of 8 K at the inner radiation shield in the cryostat were achieved. About the geophysical strain meter, the obtained geophysical strain in the Kamioka mine was successfully simulated with a finite element model with a good agreement with less than 5% error. The strain meter also verified a permanent ground step change of micrometre order due to some earthquakes. We present the recent progress about the CLIO project.
Copositive realxation for genera quadratic programming

We consider general, typically nonconvex, Quadratic programming Problem. The Semidefinite relaxation proposed by Shor provides bounds on the optimal solution, but it does not always provide sufficiently strong bounds if linear constraintare also involved. To get rid of the linear side-constraints, another, stronger convex relaxation is derved. This relaxation uses copositive matrices. Special cases are dicussed for which both relaxations are equal. At end of the paper, the complexity and solvablility of the relaxation are discussed.
A study of the stellar population in the Lynds 1641 dark cloud: deep near-infrared imaging

Deep H and K photometry of a selection of IRAS point sources in the L1641 cloud is presented. Using these data in combination with IRAS data and previously published near-infrared photometry for sources in this region, it is found that the L1641 cloud contains newly born stars embedded within cores of unusually large visual extinction. A comparison of the properties of cores in L1641 with those in the Taurus-Auriga star-forming complex reveals that L1641 contains cores with higher visual extinctions, larger ammonia (J, K) = (1, 1) line widths, greater kinetic temperatures, and probably higher optical depths at 100 microns than any cores in Taurus-Auriga. These results are qualitatively consistent with recent suggestions that the process of protostellar collapse in cores in the L1641 cloud is dominated by gravity while this process is dominated by magnetic fields in Taurus-Auriga. 20 refs.
Stellar Kinematic Groups. I. The URSA Major Group

The Ursa Major Group (UMaG) is studied as a test case for the authenticity of Stellar Kinematic Groups, using Coravel radial velocities, recent compilations of astrometric data, and new spectroscopic observations. Spectroscopic age indicators, particularly indices of the strength of chromospheric emission, are applied to solar-type candidate members of UMaG, and it is shown that stars that meet the spectroscopic criteria also have kinematics that agree better with the space motions of the nucleus of UMaG than does the starting sample as a whole. The primary limitation on the precision of kinematics is now parallaxes instead of radial velocities. These more restrictive kinematic criteria are then applied to other UMaG candidates and a list summarizing membership is presented. UMaG is also examined as a cluster, confirming its traditional age of 0.3 Gyr, and a mean Fe/H of -0.08 +/- 0.09 for those stars most likely to be bona fide members.