Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influences on proxemic behaviors in human-robot interaction

As robots enter the everyday physical world of people, it is important that they abide by society's unspoken social rules such as respecting people's personal spaces. In this paper, we explore issues related to human personal space around robots, beginning with a review of the existing literature in human-robot interaction regarding the dimensions of people, robots, and contexts that influence human-robot interactions. We then present several research hypotheses which we tested in a controlled experiment (N=30). Using a 2 (robotics experience vs. none: between-participants) × 2 (robot head oriented toward a participant's face vs. legs: within-participants) mixed design experiment, we explored the factors that influence proxemic behavior around robots in several situations: (1) people approaching a robot, (2) people being approached by an autonomously moving robot, and (3) people being approached by a teleoperated robot. We found that personal experience with pets and robots decreases a person's personal space around robots. In addition, when the robot's head is oriented toward the person's face, it increases the minimum comfortable distance for women, but decreases the minimum comfortable distance for men. We also found that the personality trait of agreeableness decreases personal spaces when people approach robots, while the personality trait of neuroticism and having negative attitudes toward robots increase personal spaces when robots approach people. These results have implications for both human-robot interaction theory and design.
Header encryption of IEEE802.15.4

In this paper, we mainly focus on the security of 802.15. 4 MAC (Media Access Control) which used in Zigbee technology. Today, 802.15. 4 Medium Access Control (MAC) is used in personal area networks, for example industrial automation, medical, home automation. However, encryption on MAC data payload have been introduced, but Medium Access Control (MAC) header is still non-encrypted. Authentication of MAC header is certainly done with the use of Data Integrity by giving Message Authentication Code or Message Integrity Code (MIC). Medium Access Control (MAC) header frame has three fields: frame control, addresses and auxiliary security. Among all of these fields of MAC header which includes frame control, sequence number, source and destination addresses and auxiliary security header (ASH) must be encrypted to secure it against some attacks like ACK attack, replay protection attack, snooping attack, denial of service attack, CTS replay, RTS replay. Auxiliary security header have the details about the security of data payload which must not be known to intruders. Our aim for securing it is multi level security. This header field has a total of 40 bytes. For encryption of these 40 bytes of Medium Access Control (MAC) header, we have used Advance Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm, which creates best confusion and diffusion. Advance Encryption Standard algorithm has three types of frame structure: 128 bits, 192 bits, 256 bits. To encrypt these 40 bytes of Medium Access Control (MAC) header we have used two Advance Encryption Standard (AES) algorithms of 192 bits and 128 bits which both are working parallel together.
Genetic change and continuity from fourteen to twenty months: the MacArthur Longitudinal Twin Study.

Genetic change as well as continuity was investigated within the domains of temperament, emotion, and cognition/language for 200 pairs of twins assessed at 14 and 20 months of age in the laboratory and home. The second year of life is marked by change rather than continuity: correlations from 14 to 20 months averaged about . 30 for observational measures of temperament and emotion, about . 40 for language measures, and about . 50 for mental development. 2 types of genetic change were examined: changes in the magnitude of genetic influence (heritability) and genetic contributions to change from 14 to 20 months. In general, heritability estimates were similar at 14 and 20 months. Evidence for genetic influence on change from 14 to 20 months emerged for several measures, implying that heritability cannot be equated with stability. Analyses of continuity indicated that genetic factors are largely responsible for continuity from 14 to 20 months.
Rationally engineered biotransformation of p‐nitrophenol

An operon encoding enzymes responsible for degradation of the EPA priority contaminant para‐nitrophenol (PNP) from Pseudomonas sp. ENV2030 contains more genes than would appear to be necessary to mineralize PNP. To determine some necessary genes for PNP degradation, the genes encoding the proposed enzymes in the degradation pathway (pnpADEC) were assembled into a broad‐host‐range, BioBricks‐compatible vector under the control of a constitutive promoter. These were introduced into Escherichia coli DH10b and two Pseudomonas putida strains, one with a knockout of the aromatic transport TtgB and the parent with the native transporter. The engineered strains were assayed for PNP removal. E. coli DH10b harboring several versions of the refactored pathway was able to remove PNP from the medium up to a concentration of 0.2 mM; above which PNP was toxic to E. coli. A strain of P. putida harboring the PNP pathway genes was capable of removing PNP from the medium up to 0.5 mM. When P. putida harboring the native PNP degradation cluster was exposed to PNP, pnpADEC were induced, and the resulting production of β‐ketoadipate from PNP induced expression of its chromosomal degradation pathway (pcaIJF). In contrast, pnpADEC were expressed constitutively from the refactored constructs because none of the regulatory genes found in the native PNP degradation cluster were included. Although P. putida harboring the refactored construct was incapable of growing exclusively on PNP as a carbon source, evidence that the engineered pathway was functional was demonstrated by the induced expression of chromosomal pcaIJF. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 2010
The Body Action Coding System II: muscle activations during the perception and expression of emotion

Research into the expression and perception of emotions has mostly focused on facial expressions. Recently, body postures have become increasingly important in research, but knowledge on muscle activity during the perception or expression of emotion is lacking. The current study continues the development of a Body Action Coding System (BACS), which was initiated in a previous study, and described the involvement of muscles in the neck, shoulders and arms during expression of fear and anger. The current study expands the BACS by assessing the activity patterns of three additional muscles. Surface electromyography of muscles in the neck (upper trapezius descendens), forearms (extensor carpi ulnaris), lower back (erector spinae longissimus) and calves (peroneus longus) were measured during active expression and passive viewing of fearful and angry body expressions. The muscles in the forearm were strongly active for anger expression and to a lesser extent for fear expression. In contrast, muscles in the calves were recruited slightly more for fearful expressions. It was also found that muscles automatically responded to the perception of emotion, without any overt movement. The observer's forearms responded to the perception of fear, while the muscles used for leaning backwards were activated when faced with an angry adversary. Lastly, the calf responded immediately when a fearful person was seen, but responded slower to anger. There is increasing interest in developing systems that are able to create or recognize emotional body language for the development of avatars, robots, and online environments. To that end, multiple coding systems have been developed that can either interpret or create bodily expressions based on static postures, motion capture data or videos. However, the BACS is the first coding system based on muscle activity.
Collaborative Discovering Influences of News in Social Network Sites

In many cases, news articles are shared in Online Social Network (OSN) sites by their members. Disparate kinds of information are often propagated from the news media to the online social networks. Little efforts were devoted to measure or estimate the social influences of news media on the online social networks when compared to the identifications of their connectivity. In this paper, we took references on measurements of social influences among individuals in online social network and derived absolute, relative and combined measurements in order to deduce the social influences of single news article. Those measurements can be extended to a set of news articles and a social medium hence they can be used to evaluate and compare the social influences of the numerous news media. Experiments to compare the performances of the proposed measurements will also be demonstrated and discussed.
A group assessment procedure as a predictor of on-the-job performance of teachers.

The predictive power of a streamlined group assessment (GA) procedure (derived from assessment center methodology) for evaluating candidates for a teacher education program was investigated. Results were compared with principals' evaluations of on-the-job teaching success and with college faculty evaluations. The study population included 231 graduates of a teacher's college, who had been assessed by the procedure at time of admission. Ss were reevaluated by college faculty 3 years later at graduation and again by principals 2-5 years after graduation. Of the original Ss, 122 were traced after graduation; 78 were employed. Results indicate that the GA procedure was significantly predictive of success on the job, as well as in the training program. The study demonstrates the meaningful, long-term predictive validity of the GA procedure
The relation between socioeconomic status and academic achievement.

Although it is widely believed that socioeconomic status (SES) is strongly correlated with measures of academic achievement, weak and moderate correlations are frequently reported. Using meta-analysis techniques, almost 200 studies that considered the relation between SES and academic achievement were examined. Results indicated that as SES is typically defined (income, education, and/or occupation of household heads) and typically used (individuals as the unit of analysis), SES is only weakly correlated (r = .22) with academic achievement, With aggregated units of analysis, typically obtained correlations between SES and academic achievement jump to . 73. Family characteristics, such as home atmosphere, sometimes incorrectly referred to as SES, are substantially correlated with academic achievement when individuals are the unit of analysis (r = .55). Factors such as grade level at which the measurement was taken, type of academic achievement measure, type of SES measure, and the year in which the data were collected are significantly correlated statistically with the magnitude of the correlation between academic achievement and SES. Variables considered in the meta-analysis accounted for 75% of the variance in observed correlation coefficients in the studies examined.
Genetic evidence for different migration routes of freshwater fish into Norway revealed by analysis of current perch (Perca fluviatilis) populations in Scandinavia

To elucidate the colonization of freshwater fish into Norway following the last deglaciation of Europe 10 000 years ago, we have performed a survey using mitochondrial DNA variation (20 populations) and multilocus DNA fingerprinting (14 populations) of the widely distributed perch (Perca fluviatilis) from the Scandinavian peninsula and the Baltic Sea. Sequence analysis of a 378 bp segment of the perch mitochondrial control region (D‐loop) revealed 12 different haplotypes. A nested clade analysis was performed with the aim of separating population structure and population history. This analysis revealed strong geographical structuring of the Scandinavian perch populations. In addition, the level of genetic diversity was shown to differ considerably among the various populations as measured by the bandsharing values (S‐values) obtained from multilocus DNA fingerprinting, with intrapopulation S‐values ranging from 0.19 in Sweden to 0.84 in the central part of Norway. Analysis of the intrapopulation S‐values, with S‐value as a function of lake surface area and region, showed that these differences were significant. The mitochondrial and DNA fingerprinting data both suggest that the perch colonized Norway via two routes: one from the south following the retreating glacier, and the other through Swedish river systems from the Baltic Sea area. Perch utilizing the southern route colonized the area surrounding Oslofjord and the lakes which shortly after deglaciation were close to the sea. Fish migrating from the Baltic Sea seem to have reached no further than the east side of Oslofjord, where they presumably mixed with perch which had entered via the southern route. It seems likely that the migration events leading to the current distribution of perch also apply to other species of freshwater fish showing a similar distribution pattern.
Polarization of Interpersonal Attraction: The Effect of Perceived Potency

Support for the hypothesis that the effect of opinion congruence on interpersonal attraction is greater when perceived potency is higher was found in 2 experiments using different ways of varying perceived potency and different ways of varying opinion congruence. In the first experiment, being perceived as assertive resulted in less attraction than being perceived as unassertive when the other was seen as disagreeing, and tended to result in more attraction when the other was seen as like-minded. In the second experiment, being perceived as highly competent resulted in less attraction than being perceived as less competent when the other was seen as disagreeing, and tended to result in more attraction when no-opinion information was given.
The cognitive-enhancing effects of Bacopa monnieri: a systematic review of randomized, controlled human clinical trials.

OBJECTIVES Traditional knowledge suggests that Bacopa monnieri enhances cognitive performance. Such traditional beliefs have now been scientifically tested through a handful of randomized, controlled human clinical trials. The current systematic review aimed to examine the scientific evidence as to whether Bacopa can enhance cognitive performance in humans. DESIGN A systematic review of randomized controlled trials is presented. Multiple databases were systematically searched by multiple authors. Relevant trials were objectively assessed for methodological quality. SUBJECTS The subjects studied were adult humans without dementia or significant cognitive impairment. INTERVENTIONS B. monnieri, including Bacopa extracts, were administered over long-term supplementation periods. OUTCOME MEASURES Any validated cognitive test, whether a primary or secondary outcome. RESULTS Six (6) studies met the final inclusion criteria and were included in review. Trials were all conducted over 12 weeks. Across trials, three different Bacopa extracts were used at dosages of 300-450 mg extract per day. All reviewed trials examined the effects of Bacopa on memory, while other cognitive domains were less well studied. There were no cognitive tests in the areas of auditory perceptual abilities or idea production and only a paucity of research in the domains of reasoning, number facility, and language behavior. Across studies, Bacopa improved performance on 9 of 17 tests in the domain of memory free recall. There was little evidence of enhancement in any other cognitive domains. CONCLUSIONS There is some evidence to suggest that Bacopa improves memory free recall with evidence for enhancement in other cognitive abilities currently lacking perhaps due to inconsistent measures employed by studies across these cognitive domains. Research into the nootropic effects of Bacopa is in its infancy, with research still yet to investigate the effects of Bacopa across all human cognitive abilities. Similarly, future research should examine the nootropic effects of Bacopa at varied dosages and across different extracts.
Teacher Empowerment and Receptivity in Curriculum Reform in China

This study explores the relationships between teacher empowerment, teacher receptivity toward, and perceived outcomes of, a system-wide curriculum change, particularly national curriculum reform in basic education in China. The results of a survey of 1,646 teachers from six provinces indicate that teachers were positive in their receptivity and perception of reform outcomes in general. Female teachers reported that they were more empowered and more receptive to the curriculum reform. Teachers' professional growth was found to enhance the perceived outcomes of curriculum reform, whereas their participation in decision making reflected a negative influence. These findings lead to some suggestions for improved understanding and management of curriculum reform in schools in China.
Aberrant Function of Learning and Cognitive Control Networks Underlie Inefficient Cognitive Flexibility in Anorexia Nervosa: A Cross-Sectional fMRI Study

Objectives People with Anorexia Nervosa exhibit difficulties flexibly adjusting behaviour in response to environmental changes. This has previously been attributed to problematic behavioural shifting, characterised by a decrease in fronto-striatal activity. Additionally, alterations of instrumental learning, which relies on fronto-striatal networks, may contribute to the observation of inflexible behaviour. The authors sought to investigate the neural correlates of cognitive flexibility and learning in Anorexia Nervosa. Method Thirty-two adult females with Anorexia Nervosa and thirty-two age-matched female control participants completed the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task whilst undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Event-related analysis permitted the comparison of cognitive shift trials against those requiring maintenance of rule-sets and allowed assessment of trials representing learning. Results Although both groups performed similarly, we found significant interactions in the left middle frontal gyrus, precuneus and superior parietal lobule whereby blood-oxygenated-level dependent response was higher in Anorexia Nervosa patients during shifting but lower when maintaining rule-sets, as compared to healthy controls. During learning, posterior cingulate cortex activity in healthy controls decreased whilst increasing in the Anorexia Nervosa group, whereas the right precuneus exhibited the opposite pattern. Furthermore, learning was associated with lower blood-oxygenated-level dependent response in the caudate body, as compared to healthy controls. Conclusions People with Anorexia Nervosa display widespread changes in executive function. Whilst cognitive flexibility appears to be associated with aberrant functioning of the fronto-parietal control network that mediates between internally and externally directed cognition, fronto-striatal alterations, particularly within the caudate body, were associated with instrumental learning. Together, this shows how perseverative tendencies could be a substrate of multiple high-order processes that may contribute to the maintenance of Anorexia Nervosa.
Reliability estimation from test data using two different approaches

This paper compares two different approaches to estimate the reliability of mechanical components subject to degradation (wear, fatigue, etc.). This estimate is realized by considering the degradation drift (periodic or continuous measurement of the degradation level) from tests or exploitation. Two approaches are presented in this article. The first approach is based on a deterministic mechanical model given by the study of physical facts coupled with a Monte Carlo simulation to propagate the uncertainties of input parameters on the degradation. The second approach, based on the stochastic process, uses the Wiener process to model the evolution of degradation over time. A nonlinear formulation is developed in this paper. We compare these two approaches on an industrial case: the wear in rolling contact. The drift of degradation is estimated by the two approaches. We then calculate the failure distribution and associated reliability. Analysis of the results obtained with both approaches is made to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each.
Is it the Way She Moves? New Evidence on the Gender Wage Growth Gap in the Early Careers of Men and Women in Italy

This paper explores newly available Italian data derived from a 1:90 sample of social security administrative records (INPS) to investigate gender differences in pay during the initial stages of a worker’s career. We find that a significant and growing pay differential between men and women emerges during the first years of labour market experience, and that gender differences are highest when workers move across firms. In particular, we find that the most significant gender gap in log wage growth is associated with job moves which take place within a very short period of time, involve positive wage growth and result in the highest salary increases. Moreover, this gender mobility penalty occurs mainly when workers move to larger firms and we show that this is most likely explained by the fact that women value more than men some of the characteristics of these jobs or employers. Overall our results suggest that job and firm characteristics, rather than differences in worker characteristics or across-the-board discrimination, are the most important determinants of the gender wage growth differential in the Italian labour market.
Inherited Thrombophilia in Ischemic Stroke and Its Pathogenic Subtypes

Background and Purpose— One or more of the inherited thrombophilias may be causal risk factor for a proportion of ischemic strokes, but few studies have addressed this association or the association between thrombophilia and pathogenic subtypes of stroke. Methods— We conducted a case-control study of 219 hospital cases with a first-ever ischemic stroke and 205 randomly selected community control subjects stratified by age, sex, and postal code. With the use of established criteria, cases of stroke were classified by pathogenic subtype in a blinded fashion. The prevalence of conventional vascular risk factors; fasting plasma levels of protein C, protein S, antithrombin III; and genetic tests for the factor V Leiden and the prothrombin 20210A mutation were determined in cases and control subjects. Results— The prevalence of any thrombophilia was 14.7% (95% CI, 9.9% to 19.5%) among cases and 11.7% (95% CI, 7.4% to 17.0%) among control subjects (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.7% to 2.3%). The prevalence of individual thrombophilias among cases ranged from 0.9% (95% CI, 0.1% to 3.4%) for protein S deficiency to 5.2% (95% CI, 0.3% to 9.1%) for antithrombin III deficiency; among control subjects, the prevalence ranged from 1.0% (95% CI, 0.1% to 3.6%) for protein S deficiency to 4.1% (95% CI, 0.2% to 7.8%) for antithrombin III deficiency. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of thrombophilia between cases and control subjects or between pathogenic subtypes of ischemic stroke. Conclusions— One in 7 patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke will test positive for one of the inherited thrombophilias, but the relation is likely to be coincidental rather than causal in almost all cases, irrespective of the pathogenic subtype of the ischemic stroke. These results suggest that routine testing for thrombophilia in most patients with acute ischemic stroke may be unnecessary. Whether the thrombophilias may still be important in younger patients with ischemic stroke or in predicting complications (eg, venous thrombosis) and stroke outcome remains uncertain.