Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The in�uence of gingival phenotype on the morphology of the maxillary central papilla

Background Preservation of the interdental papilla is an essential part of the functional and esthetic rehabilitation of dental treatment. It has been described that thicker gingival tissues are more resistant to recession. The main objective of this investigation was to analyze whether a thin gingival phenotype represents a potential risk indicator affecting interdental papilla �ll, height, or width in an esthetic region between maxillary central incisors. The secondary goals were: 1) to analyze parameters describing the papilla – �ll, height, width, and effect of papilla base width on the vertical papillary dimension; 2) to determine correlation between different non-invasive measurements of gingival thickness; 3) to compare both sexes. Methods A total of 54 periodontally healthy students (20–30 years old) were included in the study. Gingival thickness was measured using Pirop Ultrasonic Biometer. Gingival phenotype was also assessed by gingival probe transparency. Papilla height and width were measured, and the degree of papilla recession was classi�ed. Results No signi�cant relationship between papilla �ll, height, width and gingival probe transparency or gingival thickness was found. Gingival thickness and gingival probe transparency showed a signi�cant relationship (P < 0.001). There was a signi�cant relationship between papilla height and papilla �ll (P = 0.028). A papilla which �lled the interdental space completely seemed to be shorter. A strong positive correlation between papilla height and papilla width was found (P <0.0001). The papilla between maxillary central incisors was signi�cantly higher in males (P = 0.01). Conclusion The appearance of the interdental papilla may be in�uenced by various factors. Within the limitations of this study, the results showed that the thin gingival phenotype alone is no potential risk indicator affecting interdental papilla �ll, height, or width. It seems that there may be some effect of papilla base width on its vertical dimension. Gingival probe transparency is a simple reliable method of assessment of
Pleistocene glaciations and interglacials in the Vistula, the Oder, and the Elbe drainage basins (Central European Lowland)

Extents of Scandinavian glaciations within the three main river drainage basins of the Central European Lowland exhibit principal similarities, but also outstanding peculiarities. Most glacial events during the Pleistocene are well pronounced in the Vistula drainage basin, less so in the Oder, and the least - in the Elbe one. Such pattern is thought to have resulted from location of the Vistula drainage basin at the southern termination of the Baltic Channel. The latter has controlled many a time the main route of the Scandinavian icesheets that advanced the Central European Lowland. Normal 0 21 false false false PL X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Standardowy; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
High resolution marine seismic surveying in the Sudbury Basin

Summary The Sudbury basin in Ontario, Canada has been historically studied due to its economic mineral deposits and unique geology. High resolution marine seismic surveying was conducted in two lakes to explore sediments for imbedded neo-tectonic indicators providing evidence of neo-tectonic activity prior to anthropogenic influence. Seismic profiles revealed four distinct acoustic facies correlating to sediment facies described and cored in the encompassing Huron basin. Utilizing these interpretations a rudimentary chronology was established for the sediment stratigraphy based on the timing of significant regional events such as deglaciation and the warm/arid Hypsithermal climatic event. Faulting was confined to older (> 8000 ybp) sediments while sediment slumping was recorded throughout the succession, revealing persistent neo-tectonic activity since deglaciation. This study demonstrates the use of shallow marine seismic surveying for reconstructing late and post glacial environments, and how this information can be applied for investigating on-going natural hazards such as neo-tectonic activity.
@Western Scholarship@Western

Su Jin Kim and coworkers from Korea published an important study on the relationship of residual renal function (RRF) and cystatin in pediatric peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients in this issue of Pediatric Nephrology , both in anuric patients and patients with RRF. Based on a lack of correlation between cystatin C and standard small solute-based dialysis adequacy parameters such as Kt/V urea but a significant correlation with RRF, the authors concluded that cystatin C may be a good tool to monitor RRF. The editorial reviews the available literature in adults, the different handing between urea and cystatin C, and the determinants of cystatin C clearance in dialysis patients. In adults, cystatin C levels are determined predominantly by RRF, but not exclusively. In anephric hemodialysis and PD patients, there is a correlation with standard weekly Kt/V urea . Cystatin C levels will also depend on ultrafiltration. Despite these factors that affect cystatin C levels beyond RRF, cystatin C is a useful parameter for monitoring PD patients that may be more closely related to long-term outcomes than small solute adequacy parameters.
Different transcriptome pro�les between human retinoblastoma Y79 cells and an etoposide-resistant subline reveal a chemoresistance mechanism

Background: Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most frequent pediatric retinal tumor. In the present study, to elucidate chemoresistance mechanisms and identify potential biomarkers in RB, we utilized RNA sequencing (RNAseq) technological platforms to reveal transcriptome pro�les and identify any differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between an etoposide drug-resistant subline (Y79/EDR) and parental Y79 cells. Methods: To test whether Y79/EDR cells showed resistance to antineoplastic agents for RB, we treated the cells with etoposide, carboplatin and vincristine and analyzed them with a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Y79/EDR and parental Y79 cells were used for RNAseq and bioinformatics analysis to enable a genome-wide review of DEGs between the two lines using the DESeq R package (1.10.1). Then, DEG enrichment in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways was analyzed with KOBAS software. Next, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real time QRT-PCR) and cytotoxicity assays were performed to experimentally and functionally validate the identi�ed candidate biomarkers. Results: Y79/EDR cells showed resistance to etoposide, carboplatin and vincristine at different concentrations. In total, 524 transcripts were differentially expressed in Y79/EDR cells based on analysis of fragments per kilobase of transcript per million fragments mapped (FPKM); among these, 57 genes were downregulated and 467 genes were upregulated in Y79/EDR cells compared to parental Y79 cells. We selected candidate DEGs, including ARHGAP9 , HIST1H4H , RELN , DDIT4 , HK2 , STC1 and PFKFB4, for mRNA expression validation with real time QRT-PCR assays and found that the expression levels determined by real time QRT-PCR were consistent with the RNAseq data. Further studies involving downregulation of ARHGAP9 with a speci�c siRNA showed that ARHGAP9 altered the cellular sensitivity of Y79 cells to etoposide and carboplatin. Conclusion: Our initial �ndings provided a genomic view of the transcription pro�les of etoposide-induced acquired resistance in RB. Follow-up studies indicated that ARHGAP9 might be a chemoresistance biomarker in RB, providing insight into potential therapeutic targets for overcoming acquired chemoresistance in RB. These �ndings can aid in understanding and overcoming chemoresistance during treatment of RB in the clinic
Overview of methods for source attribution for human illness from food-borne microbiological hazards

For food safety policy, it is important to know not only the fraction of incidence of human illness due to specific pathogens that is attributable to specific foods, but also what is attributable to other sources like environmental exposure, direct animal contact and human to human contact. This is a difficult process that can be based on different information sources that do not necessarily give the same answers. On this basis, and after dialog and interaction between EFSA and the European Commission, EFSA decided to produce a document with the aim of providing an overview of methods for source attribution of human illness from foodborne microbiological hazards. Thus, the present report summarises the methods available for source attribution for human illness, identifies strengths and weaknesses, as well as data requirements for each of the methods.
Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effect of Fenugreek in Different Forms on Experimental Rats

: Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of fenugreek was investigated on forty-two Sprague Dawley adult male rats. Seven rats kept as control (-ve) and 35 Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The diabetic rats were classified into control (+ve) and four treated groups which were fenugreek powder (5% in diet), aqua extract, methanolic extract (3mg/kg body weight) and oil (5% in diet). The experiment period was 60 days. Fenugreek powder, aqua extract, methanolic extract and oil groups showed improvement in nutritional status and liver and renal function of diabetic rats. Compared with control (+ve) group, the four treated groups showed significant decrease in glucose, glucosalated heamoglobin (HbA %) and fructoseamine (FA) values, but IC significant increased in insulin. Also, they produced a significant fall in various serum lipids like total cholesterol, triglycerides, low and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc &VLDLc) and increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) in the diabetic rats. On the other side, they showed a significant decrease in liver cholesterol and total lipids and a significant increase in liver triglyceride and glycogen compared to control (+ve) group.
. Exposure Data

During coal gasification, coal is reacted with oxygen, steam and carbon dioxide to form a gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. During this process, which is essentially incomplete combustion, the heat evolved is consumed and the sulfur and nitrogen in the coal are converted to hydrogen sulfide (rather than sulfur dioxide) and ammonia (rather than nitrogen oxides), respectively. These reduced forms of sulfur and nitrogen are easily isolated, captured and used, making gasification a clean-coal technology with a better environmental performance than coal combustion (Shadle et al., 2002). Depending on the type of gasifier (e.g. air-blown, enriched oxygen-blown) and the operating conditions, gasification can be used to produce a fuel gas that is suitable for several applications (e.g. low heating-value fuel gas for use as industrial fuel and for power production ; medium heating-value fuel gas for use as a synthesis gas in the production of chemicals such as ammonia and methanol, and for transportation fuel; or high heating-value gas) (Shadle et al., 2002). Gasification takes place in fixed-bed, fluid-ized-bed, moving-bed, and entrained-flow gasi-fiers. The earliest gasification processes were developed by use of a counter-current, fixed-bed gasifier, in which coal was fed onto the top of the bed and travelled downwards against the flow of gases. Atmospheric fixed-bed gasifiers of various designs are still occasionally found in small-scale industries. On a large scale, several Lurgi fixed-bed pressurized gasification plants are currently operating commercially, e.g. in the Republic of South Africa and in the USA (Shadle et al., 2002; Crelling et al., 2005). Fluidized-bed gasification, invented in 1922 by Winkler at BASF in Germany, has the advantage of a fairly simple reactor design. In this process, the air and steam flow required for gasification is sufficient to fluidize the bed of coal, char and ash. Fluidization occurs when the gas-flow velocity lifts the particles and causes the gas–solid mixture to flow like a fluid (Shadle et al., 2002; Crelling et al., 2005). Entrained-flow gasification takes place in a flame-like reaction zone, usually at a very high temperature, to produce a liquid slag. For economical operations, a high-standard heat-recovery system is mandatory , but the gas product typically has a very low methane content and is free of tars, oils and phenols, which thereby considerably simplifies gas and water treatment. Entrained-flow gasi-fiers of the Koppers-Totzek design are operated at atmospheric pressure. They are used industrially in many countries to produce hydrogen or
DIAGNOSIS AND ASSESSMENT Paradoxical Changes in Alcohol Consumption and CAGE Ratings Between 1996 and 2006 in the General Population of Geneva

Aims: To assess changes between 1996 and 2006 in alcohol use and dependence in the general population of Geneva, Switzerland. Methods: Postal surveys of alcohol consumption patterns in representative samples of the general population were com- pared. The four-item CAGE (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener) screener was used to estimate alcohol dependence. Results: There were 742 participants in 1996 (response rate 75%) and 1487 in 2006 (76%). The proportions of daily drinkers (1996: 18%; 2006: 10%; P 14 drinks/week) decreased between 1996 (13%) and 2006 (7%; P< 0.001). However, decreases in heavy drinking were limited to men aged 30+ and women aged 30-49. The average number of drinks/week decreased from 6.4 in 1996 to 5.0 in 2006 (P< 0.001). Perception of safe drinking levels decreased between 1996 (4 drinks/day) and 2006 (3 drinks/day, P< 0.001). The prevalence of alcohol dependence, defined as a CAGE score ≥2, increased among women (1996: 6%; 2006: 14%; P= 0.001), but not among men (1996: 18%, 2006: 19%). Two of the CAGE items were endorsed more fre- quently by women in 2006 than in 1996: 'guilty' (1996: 9%; 2006: 15%; P= 0.018) and 'should cut down' (1996: 12%; 2006: 18%; P= 0.04). Drinking and driving did not change significantly over time (2006: 21% of men, 9% of women). Conclusion: Alcohol consumption, heavy drinking and perceived levels of safe drinking decreased over these 10 years, but not drink driving or alcohol dependence. Paradoxically, alcohol dependence even increased among women, driven by CAGE items 'guilty' and 'should cut down', suggesting that changes in CAGE scores reflected changes in the social acceptability of drinking rather than changes in dependence.
Mixing and Compaction Temperatures for Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete

According to Superpave mixture design, gyratory specimens are mixed and compacted at equiviscous binder temperatures corresponding to viscosities of 0.17 and 0.28 Pa*s, respectively. These were the values previously used in the Marshal mix design method to determine the mixing and compaction temperatures. In order to estimate the appropriate mixing and compaction temperatures for Superpave mixture design, a temperature-viscosity relationship for the binder should be developed (ASTM D 2493, Calculation of Mixing and Compaction Temperatures). This approach is simple and provides reasonable temperatures for unmodified binders. However, some modified binders have exhibited unreasonably high temperatures for mixing and compaction using this technique. These high temperatures could result in construction problems, asphalt damage, and fume production. ASTM D 2493 was established for unmodified asphalt binders, which are Newtonian fluids at high temperatures. For these materials, viscosity does not depend on shear rate. However, most of the modified asphalt binders exhibit a phenomenon known as pseudoplasticity, in which viscosity depends on shear rate. Thus, at the high shear rates that occur during mixing and compaction, it is not necessary to use very high temperatures. A research study was undertaken to determine the shear rate during compaction so that the effect of this parameter could be included during viscosity measurements. The use of practical shear rate results in reasonable mixing and compaction temperatures for hot mix asphalt design and construction with modified asphalt binders. It was found that application of the shear rate concept rather than the traditional approach used for unmodified binders can reduce the mixing and compaction temperatures between roughly 14 to 38 degrees C for the former and 10 to 27 degrees C for the latter, depending on the type and the amount of modifier.
Exploring the Duality between Product and Organizational Architectures : A Test of the “ Mirroring ” Hypothesis Corresponding

Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. Copies of working papers are available from the author. Abstract A variety of academic studies argue that a relationship exists between the structure of an organization and the design of the products that this organization produces. Specifically, products tend to " mirror " the architectures of the organizations in which they are developed. This dynamic occurs because the organization's governance structures, problem solving routines and communication patterns constrain the space in which it searches for new solutions. Such a relationship is important, given that product architecture has been shown to be an important predictor of product performance, product variety, process flexibility and even the path of industry evolution. We explore this relationship in the software industry. Our research takes advantage of a natural experiment, in that we observe products that fulfill the same function being developed by very different organizational forms. At one extreme are commercial software firms, in which the organizational participants are tightly-coupled, with respect to their goals, structure and behavior. At the other, are open source software communities, in which the participants are much more loosely-coupled by comparison. The mirroring hypothesis predicts that these different organizational forms will produce products with distinctly different architectures. Specifically, loosely-coupled organizations will develop more modular designs than tightly-coupled organizations. We test this hypothesis, using a sample of matched-pair products. We find strong evidence to support the mirroring hypothesis. In all of the pairs we examine, the product developed by the loosely-coupled organization is significantly more modular than the product from the tightly-coupled organization. We measure modularity by capturing the level of coupling between a product's components. The magnitude of the differences is substantial – up to a factor of eight, in terms of the potential for a design change in one component to propagate to others. Our results have significant managerial implications, in highlighting the impact of organizational design decisions on the technical structure of the artifacts that these organizations subsequently develop.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Genome-wide RNAi selection identifies a regulator of transmission stage-enriched gene families and cell-type differentiation in Trypanosoma brucei

Trypanosoma brucei , causing African sleeping-sickness, exploits quorum-sensing (QS) to generate the ‘stumpy forms’ necessary for the parasite’s transmission to tsetse-flies. These quiescent cells are generated by differentiation in the bloodstream from proliferative slender forms. Using genome-wide RNAi selection we screened for repressors of transmission stage-enriched mRNAs in slender forms, using the stumpy-elevated ESAG9 transcript as a model. This identified REG9 . 1 , whose RNAi-silencing alleviated ESAG9 repression in slender forms and tsetse-midgut procyclic forms. Interestingly, trypanosome surface protein Family 5 and Family 7 mRNAs were also elevated, which, like ESAG9 , are T . brucei specific and stumpy-enriched. We suggest these contribute to the distinct transmission biology and vector tropism of T . brucei from other African trypanosome species. As well as surface family regulation, REG9 . 1 -depletion generated QS-independent development to stumpy forms in vivo , whereas REG9 . 1 overexpression in bloodstream forms potentiated spontaneous differentiation to procyclic forms in the absence of an external signal. Combined, this identifies REG9 . 1 as a regulator of developmental cell fate, controlling the expression of Trypanosoma brucei -specific molecules elevated during transmission.
THE PROCESS : ENHANCING THE IMPACT OF CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION ON PRACTICE

The impact of global health trends (WHO, 2013), such as the rise in chronic and degenerative conditions and the growing threat of non-communicable diseases (Oxford Martin School, 2013), mean that effective continuing professional education (CPE) is vital to enable HCPs to respond to the needs of contemporary health services. Working in increasingly complex and varied environments, it is essential that HCPs are appropriately educated and supported throughout their careers to develop the knowledge and skills to respond effectively to the needs of patients, service users and the wider public (Taylor et al., 2010). Recent healthcare reviews in the UK (such as Francis, 2013; Keogh, 2013) have revealed the devastating impact on patient care when healthcare systems and HCPs fail in their duty to maintain high standards of care.
The Nonlinear Impact of Financial Development and Institutions Quality on Green GDP: A Case Study of OIC Countries

Our study investigates the linear and nonlinear impacts of financial development and institutional quality on green GDP using some macroeconomic factors, with an emphasis on OIC countries. We evaluate the effects of financial development, institutional quality, investment, trade openness, and population on green GDP from 2016 to 2019 using the System GMM (SYS-GMM) estimator. According to the study's empirical findings, institutional quality positively correlates with green GDP. In addition, we found that financial development, investment, and trade openness significantly negatively affect green GDP. According to our research, a 1% increase in institutional quality leads to a 0.047% increase in green GDP. Accordingly, a 1% rise in investment and trade openness decreases green GDP by 0.018% and 0.097%, respectively. Despite the linear nexus, the projected data visualisation reveals a U-shaped relationship between institutional quality and green GDP. The results validate the link as a higher degree of institutional quality contributes positively to green GDP in OIC countries. Even though financial development contributed negatively to green GDP, OIC governments should emphasise preserving and expanding the quality of their institutions to increase and promote green GDP in effort to minimize environmental degradation.
USE OF GIS MODELLING IN ASSESSMENT OF FORESTRY LAND'S POTENTIAL IN THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE OF CENTRAL VIETNAM

Land suitability assessment is a prerequisite for sustainable forestry production. It involves simultaneous consideration of geo-morphological and ecological factors and environmental and socio-economic aspect land potential maps for developmen f forestry production. These factors and remotely sensed data have been integrated through GIS modellin e potentia reas and identif better and mor es for predetermined forest trees. s of Landsat ETM data acquired on 31 January an