Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Changes in Anthropometric Variables in Adult Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Background Randomized controlled trials provide conflicting results on the effects of increased fruit and vegetable consumption on changes in body weight. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies on fruit and vegetable consumption in relation to changes in anthropometric measures. Methods PubMed and EMBASE were searched up to July 2015 for prospective studies reporting on habitual fruit and/or vegetable consumption in relation to changes in body weight or waist circumference or to risk of weight gain/overweight/obesity in adults. Random-effects meta-analysis was applied to pool results across studies. Findings Seventeen cohort studies (from 20 reports) including 563,277 participants met our inclusion criteria. Higher intake of fruits was inversely associated with weight change (decrease) (beta-coefficient per 100-g increment, -13.68 g/year; 95% CI, -22.97 to -4.40). No significant changes could be observed for combined fruit and vegetable consumption or vegetable consumption. Increased intake of fruits was inversely associated with changes (decrease) in waist circumference (beta: -0.04 cm/year; 95% CI, -0.05 to -0.02). Comparing the highest combined fruit & vegetable, fruit, and vegetable intake categories were associated with a 9%, 17%, and 17% reduced risk of adiposity (odds ratio [OR]: 0.91, 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.99), (OR: 0.83, 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.99), and (OR: 0.83, 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.99), respectively. Conclusion This meta-analysis showed several inverse associations between fruit and vegetable intake and prospective improvements in anthropometric parameters, and risk of adiposity. The present meta-analysis seems to be limited by low study quality. Nevertheless, when combined with evolutionary nutrition and epidemiological modeling studies, these findings have public health relevance and support all initiatives to increase fruit and vegetable intake.
Decision trees for inter-word context dependencies in Spanish continuous speech recognition tasks

Context Dependent Units are broadly used in Continuous Speech Recognition (CSR) system, being decision trees a suitable clustering technique to obtain this kind of units. This work was aimed to extend the decision tree based clustering to model inter-word context dependencies in Spanish CSR tasks. We first used a set of previously defined context dependent units to model word boundaries. A decision tree derived pair grammar was then used at decoding time to prune each network connecting pairs of words. Then, specific sets of decision tree based inner context dependent units were obtained to model word boundaries. Both approaches were experimentally evaluated and compared to classical approaches over a Spanish CSR task. Experimental results showed the potential contribution of modelling between-word contexts to CSR systems. These units were selected by decision trees and provided full coverage while keeping a suitable computational cost.
Bridging the Gap between Distance and Generalisation

Distance-based and generalisation-based methods are two families of artificial intelligence techniques that have been successfully used over a wide range of real-world problems. In the first case, general algorithms can be applied to any data representation by just changing the distance. The metric space sets the search and learning space, which is generally instance-oriented. In the second case, models can be obtained for a given pattern language, which can be comprehensible. The generality-ordered space sets the search and learning space, which is generally model-oriented. However, the concepts of distance and generalisation clash in many different ways, especially when knowledge representation is complex (e.g. structured data). This work establishes a framework where these two fields can be integrated in a consistent way. We introduce the concept of distance-based generalisation, which connects all the generalised examples in such a way that all of them are reachable inside the generalisation by using straight paths in the metric space. This makes the metric space and the generality-ordered space coherent (or even dual). Additionally, we also introduce a definition of minimal distance-based generalisation that can be seen as the first formulation of the Minimum Description Length (MDL)/Minimum Message Length (MML) principle in terms of a distance function. We instantiate and develop the framework for the most common data representations and distances, where we show that consistent instances can be found for numerical data, nominal data, sets, lists, tuples, graphs, first-order atoms and clauses. As a result, general learning methods that integrate the best from distance-based and generalisation-based methods can be defined and adapted to any specific problem by appropriately choosing the distance, the pattern language and the generalisation operator.
Optimality Conditions for Optimization Problems with Complementarity Constraints

Optimization problems with complementarity constraints are closely related to optimization problems with variational inequality constraints and bilevel programming problems. In this paper, under mild constraint qualifications, we derive some necessary and sufficient optimality conditions involving the proximal coderivatives. As an illustration of applications, the result is applied to the bilevel programming problems where the lower level is a parametric linear quadratic problem.
Effect of Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy vs Total Abdominal Hysterectomy on Disease-Free Survival Among Women With Stage I Endometrial Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance Standard treatment for endometrial cancer involves removal of the uterus, tubes, ovaries, and lymph nodes. Few randomized trials have compared disease-free survival outcomes for surgical approaches. Objective To investigate whether total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) is equivalent to total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) in women with treatment-naive endometrial cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants The Laparoscopic Approach to Cancer of the Endometrium (LACE) trial was a multinational, randomized equivalence trial conducted between October 7, 2005, and June 30, 2010, in which 27 surgeons from 20 tertiary gynecological cancer centers in Australia, New Zealand, and Hong Kong randomized 760 women with stage I endometrioid endometrial cancer to either TLH or TAH. Follow-up ended on March 3, 2016. Interventions Patients were randomly assigned to undergo TAH (n = 353) or TLH (n = 407). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was disease-free survival, which was measured as the interval between surgery and the date of first recurrence, including disease progression or the development of a new primary cancer or death assessed at 4.5 years after randomization. The prespecified equivalence margin was 7% or less. Secondary outcomes included recurrence of endometrial cancer and overall survival. Results Patients were followed up for a median of 4.5 years. Of 760 patients who were randomized (mean age, 63 years), 679 (89%) completed the trial. At 4.5 years of follow-up, disease-free survival was 81.3% in the TAH group and 81.6% in the TLH group. The disease-free survival rate difference was 0.3% (favoring TLH; 95% CI, −5.5% to 6.1%; P = .007), meeting criteria for equivalence. There was no statistically significant between-group difference in recurrence of endometrial cancer (28/353 in TAH group [7.9%] vs 33/407 in TLH group [8.1%]; risk difference, 0.2% [95% CI, −3.7% to 4.0%]; P = .93) or in overall survival (24/353 in TAH group [6.8%] vs 30/407 in TLH group [7.4%]; risk difference, 0.6% [95% CI, −3.0% to 4.2%]; P = .76). Conclusions and Relevance Among women with stage I endometrial cancer, the use of total abdominal hysterectomy compared with total laparoscopic hysterectomy resulted in equivalent disease-free survival at 4.5 years and no difference in overall survival. These findings support the use of laparoscopic hysterectomy for women with stage I endometrial cancer. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00096408; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: CTRN12606000261516
Whole-Genome Sequencing of Trypanosoma brucei Reveals Introgression between Subspecies That Is Associated with Virulence

ABSTRACT Human African trypanosomiasis is caused by two subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense is found in East Africa and frequently causes acute disease, while Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is found in West Africa and is associated with chronic disease. Samples taken from a single focus of a Ugandan outbreak of T. b. rhodesiense in the 1980s were associated with either chronic or acute disease. We sequenced the whole genomes of two of these isolates, which showed that they are genetically distinct from each other. Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism markers in a panel of 31 Ugandan isolates plus 32 controls revealed a mixture of East African and West African haplotypes, and some of these haplotypes were associated with the different virulence phenotypes. It has been shown recently that T. b. brucei and T. b. rhodesiense populations undergo genetic exchange in natural populations. Our analysis showed that these strains from the Ugandan epidemic were intermediate between the reference genome sequences of T. b. gambiense and T. b. brucei and contained haplotypes that were present in both subspecies. This suggests that the human-infective subspecies of T. brucei are not genetically isolated, and our data are consistent with genomic introgression between East African and West African T. b. brucei subspecies. This has implications for the control of the parasite, the spread of drug resistance, and understanding the variation in virulence and the emergence of human infectivity. IMPORTANCE We present a genetic study of the acute form of “sleeping sickness” caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense from a single outbreak in Uganda. This represents an advance in our understanding of the relationship between the T. b. rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense subspecies that have previously been considered geographically distinct. Our data suggest that introgression of West African-derived T. brucei haplotypes may be associated with differences in disease presentation in the East African disease. These findings are not only of scientific interest but also important for parasite control, as they suggest that the human-infective T. brucei subspecies are not genetically isolated. We present a genetic study of the acute form of “sleeping sickness” caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense from a single outbreak in Uganda. This represents an advance in our understanding of the relationship between the T. b. rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense subspecies that have previously been considered geographically distinct. Our data suggest that introgression of West African-derived T. brucei haplotypes may be associated with differences in disease presentation in the East African disease. These findings are not only of scientific interest but also important for parasite control, as they suggest that the human-infective T. brucei subspecies are not genetically isolated.
Molecular Cloning, Tissue Distribution, and Functional Characterization of Marmoset Cytochrome P450 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a New World monkey, has potential to be an animal model for drug metabolism studies. In this study, we identified and characterized cytochrome P450 (P450) 1A1 and 1B1 in addition to the known P450 1A2 in marmosets. Marmoset P450 1A1 and 1B1 cDNA contained open reading frames encoding 512 and 543 amino acids, respectively, with high sequence identities (90%–93%) to other primate P450 1A1s and 1B1s. A phylogenetic tree based on amino acid sequences showed close evolutionary relationships among marmoset, macaque, and human P450 1A and 1B enzymes. By mRNA quantification and immunoblot analyses in five marmoset tissues, P450 1A1 was mainly expressed in lungs and small intestines, and P450 1A2 was expressed predominantly in livers. In contrast, P450 1B1 was expressed in all tissues tested. Marmoset P450 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1 heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli catalyzed 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation, 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation, and phenacetin O-deethylation, similar to those of humans and cynomolgus monkeys. Notably, marmoset P450 1A1 and 1A2 more efficiently catalyzed 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation than those of the human homologs, but were comparable to those of the cynomolgus monkey homologs. Additionally, marmoset P450 1B1 preferentially catalyzed estradiol 4-hydroxylation; however, rat P450 1B1 more favorably catalyzed estradiol 2-hydroxylation, indicating that the estradiol hydroxylation specificity of marmoset P450 1B1 was similar to those of human and cynomolgus monkey P450 1B1. These results indicated that marmoset P450 1A and 1B enzymes had functional characteristics similar to those of humans and cynomolgus monkeys, suggesting that P450 1A and 1B–dependent metabolism was similar among marmosets, cynomolgus monkeys, and humans.
Autonomous Distributed V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) Satisfying Scheduled Charging

To integrate large scale renewable energy sources in the power grid, the battery energy storage performs an important role for smoothing their natural intermittency and ensuring grid-wide frequency stability. Electric vehicles have not only large introduction potential but also much available time for control because they are almost plugged in the home outlets as distributed battery energy storages. Therefore, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is expected to be one of the key technologies in smart grid strategies. This paper proposes an autonomous distributed V2G control scheme. A grid-connected electric vehicle supplies a distributed spinning reserve according to the frequency deviation at the plug-in terminal, which is a signal of supply and demand imbalance in the power grid. As a style of EV utilization, it is assumed that vehicle use set next plug-out timing in advance. In such assumption, user convenience is satisfied by performing a scheduled charging for the plug-out, and plug-in idle time is available for the V2G control. Therefore a smart charging control is considered in the proposed scheme. Satisfaction of vehicle user convenience and effect to the load frequency control is evaluated through a simulation by using a typical two area interconnected power grid model and an automotive lithium-ion battery model.
Classical fields method for a relativistic interacting Bose gas

We formulate a classical fields method for the description of relativistic interacting bosonic particles at nonzero temperatures. The method relies on the assumption that at low temperatures the Bose field can be described by a $c$-number function. We discuss a very important role of the cutoff momentum which divides the field into a dominant classical part and a small quantum correction. We illustrate the method by studying the thermodynamics of a relativistic Bose field which is governed by the Klein-Gordon equation with a $\ensuremath{\lambda}{\ensuremath{\psi}}^{4}$ term responsible for the interactions.
Title Extending BORPH for shared memory reconfigurable computers

We extend BORPH for shared memory reconfigurable computers in this paper. BORPH is an operating system designed for FPGA based reconfigurable computers. BORPH introduced the concept of hardware process in contrast to software process. With our extension, hardware processes are supported to communicate with other processes based on shared memory. In our system, the program of hardware process is not just hardware design, but the software program running on embedded processor in FPGA. Our experiment shows the overhead of shared memory segments management is acceptable. And with independent virtual memory access, bandwidth of repeated shared memory access is high.
Efficient Online Multi-robot Exploration via Distributed Sequential Greedy Assignment

—This work addresses the problem of efﬁcient on-line exploration and mapping using multi-robot teams via a distributed algorithm for planning for multi-robot exploration— distributed sequential greedy assignment (DSGA)—based on the sequential greedy assignment (SGA) algorithm. SGA permits bounds on suboptimality but requires all robots to plan in series. Rather than plan for robots sequentially as in SGA, DSGA assigns plans to subsets of robots during a ﬁxed number of rounds. DSGA retains the same suboptimality bounds as SGA with the addition of a term describing suboptimality introduced due to redundant sensor information. We use this result to extend a single-robot planner based on Monte-Carlo tree search to the multi-robot domain and evaluate the resulting planner in simulated exploration of a conﬁned and cluttered environment. The experimental results show that suboptimality due to redundant sensor information introduced by the distributed planning rounds remains near zero in practice when using as few as two or three distributed planning rounds and that DSGA achieves similar or better objective values and entropy reduction as SGA while providing a 2–6 times computational speedup for multi-robot teams ranging from 4 to 32 robots.
ILP turns 20 - Biography and future challenges

Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) is an area of Machine Learning which has now reached its twentieth year. Using the analogy of a human biography this paper recalls the development of the subject from its infancy through childhood and teenage years. We show how in each phase ILP has been characterised by an attempt to extend theory and implementations in tandem with the development of novel and challenging real-world applications. Lastly, by projection we suggest directions for research which will help the subject coming of age. Editors: Paolo Frasconi and Francesca Lisi. S. Muggleton ( ) Imperial College London, London, UK e-mail: s.muggleton@imperial.ac. uk L. De Raedt Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium e-mail: Luc.DeRaedt@cs.kuleuven. be D. Poole University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada url: http://www.cs. ubc.ca/~poole/ I. Bratko University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia e-mail: bratko@fri.uni-lj.si P. Flach University of Bristol, Bristol, UK e-mail: Peter.Flach@bristol.ac. uk K. Inoue National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan e-mail: ki@nii.ac. jp A. Srinivasan South Asian University, New Delhi, India e-mail: ashwin.srinivasan@wolfson.oxon. org
Expression of the Epstein‐Barr virus BHRF1 gene, a homologue of Bcl‐2, in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue

Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection is associated closely with the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The EBV gene product, BHRF1, has been demonstrated in vitro and is structurally and functionally similar to the oncogene bcl‐2, that is able to protect cells from programmed cell death. To determine whether the BHRF1 gene is expressed in vivo, BHRF1 mRNA or protein were sought in tissues from NPC and non‐NPC patients. BHRF1 transcripts were specifically detected in the NPC tumours (32 out of 44, 72.7%) rather than the non‐NPC tissues (0 out of 25) by reverse transcription, polymerase chain reaction and Southern hybridization. Other EBV genes, such as the lytic gene BZLF1 and latent genes EBNA1 and LMP2A, were also investigated. BZLF1 transcripts also were found specifically in NPC tumours (33 out of 44, 75%). EBNA1 was expressed in 79.5% of NPC, and 28% of non‐ NPC, tissues and LMP2A was expressed in 70.5% of NPC, and 88% of non‐NPC, tissues. BHRF1 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in 4 metastatic NPC, of 36 NPC tissue sections available. The BHRF1 protein was distributed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of the neoplastic epithelial cells. IgG antibody against the BHRF1 protein was detected in 6 of 17 (35.3%) NPC plasma, but the protein and IgG were both absent from the non‐NPC controls. BHRF1 DNA sequences were determined for 11 NPC and 3 non‐NPC samples. No sequence was specific for the EBV isolates from NPC tissue. Amino acids 79 and 88 always appeared in the same form, however, for every tested isolate and both were valine or leucine. This particular characteristic was not present in the B95‐8 strain or in the corresponding regions of homologues, Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐Xl, and was regarded as unique to Oriental EBV strains. J. Med. Virol. 61:241–250, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antecedents and outcome of very early neonatal seizures in infants born at or after term

Recent experimentally derived evidence has confirmed earlier suggestions that seizures which occur within 48 h of birth in babies born at or later than 37 completed weeks gestation are particularly likely to reflect intrapartum asphyxia. We have compared 54 cases of such seizures with 41 090 controls in a geographically defined population. Nulliparity, hydramnios, postterm pregnancy, oxytocin augmentation of labour, abnormalities of fetal heart rate and/or meconiumstained amniotic fluid, prolonged second stage of labour, emergency caesarean section, assisted vaginal delivery, low Apgar score and resuscitation at delivery and subsequent ventilatory support were all statistically significantly more common among cases than among controls. Five of the 54 babies who developed seizures died within 28 days of birth and 11 of the 49 survivors had an impairment diagnosed by 3 years of age which was usually associated with some degree of cerebral palsy. Comparison of the frequency of antecedent perinatal risk factors in the seizure babies who died, those who survived with disabilities and normal survivors failed to reveal any clear pattern.
Four clinical cases of recurrent surgery addiction (polyoperes): diagnostic classification in the DSM-IV-TR vs DSM-5

The article presents four clinical cases of patients with the common history of recurrent surgery. These conditions are interesting first of all for general medicine and surgery, apart from psychiatry. Indeed, patients with these characteristics are almost invariably subjected to psychiatric evaluation by internal doctors and surgeons and this is evident in our case reports, despite the rarity of the phenomenon in latest decades aside from plastic surgery. The first aim of the study is to compare diagnostic classifications between DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 in reference to the case reports of recurrent surgery in order to observe the changes occurring in the diagnostic criteria and classification and the different attitude of the two manuals towards these disorders. The second endpoint is to describe the common features and the differences between the cases that could motivate a different prognostic evolution to raise a hypothesis that could be a starting point for further research. According to previous classification of mental disorders in the DSM IV-TR, patients addicted to recurrent surgery are included in the diagnostic category of “Factitious Disorder with Predominantly Physical Signs and Symptoms”. In the DSM-5 typical clinical manifestations of recurrent surgery are excluded from diagnostic criterions of “Factitious Disorder”. The new manual moves away from the classic nosography tradition and highlights a bigger importance of an objective clinical observation of patients in comparison with the sole clinical history: the most suitable diagnosis is the “Somatic Symptom Disorder”.