Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interaction between bunk management and monensin concentration on finishing performance, feeding behavior, and ruminal metabolism during an acidosis challenge with feedlot cattle.

Two commercial feedlot experiments and a metabolism study were conducted to evaluate the effects of monensin concentrations and bunk management strategies on performance, feed intake, and ruminal metabolism. In the feedlot experiments, 1,793 and 1,615 steers were used in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively, in 18 pens for each experiment (six pens/treatment). Three treatments were evaluated: 1) ad libitum bunk management with 28.6 mg/kg monensin and clean bunk management strategies with either 2) 28.6 or 3) 36.3 mg/kg monensin. In both experiments, 54 to 59% of the clean bunk pens were clean at targeted clean time, or 2200, compared with 24 to 28% of the ad libitum pens. However, only 13% of the pens were clean by 2000 in Exp. 1 (summer), whereas 44% of the pens in Exp. 2 (winter) were clean by 2000. In Exp. 1, bunk management and monensin concentration did not affect carcass-adjusted performance. In Exp. 2, steers fed ad libitum had greater DMI (P < 0.01) and carcass-adjusted ADG (P < 0.01) but feed efficiency (P > 0.13) similar to that of clean bunk-fed steers. Monensin concentration had no effect on carcass-adjusted performance (P > 0.20) in either experiment. A metabolism experiment was conducted with eight fistulated steers in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square acidosis challenge experiment. An acidosis challenge was imposed by feeding 125% of the previous day's DMI, 4 h later than normal. Treatments consisted of monensin concentrations (mg/kg) of 0, 36.7, 48.9, or 36.7 until challenged and switched to 48.9 on the challenge day and 4 d following. Each replicate of the Latin square was managed with separate bunk management strategies (clean bunk or ad libitum). Feeding any concentration of monensin increased number of meals and decreased DMI rate (%/h) (P < 0.12) for the 4 d following the acidosis challenge. Meal size, pH change, and pH variance were lower (P < 0.10) for steers fed monensin with clean bunk management. However, no monensin effect was observed for steers fed ad libitum. Bunk management strategy has the potential to decrease DMI and ADG when steers managed on a clean bunk program are restricted relative to traditional, ad libitum bunk programs. Monensin helps control intake patterns for individuals, but increasing concentration above currently approved levels in this study seemed to have little effect.
Key generation exploiting MIMO channel evolution: Algorithms and theoretical limits

An emerging area of research in wireless communications is the generation of secret encryption keys based on the shared (or common) randomness of the wireless channel between two legitimate nodes in a communication network. However, to date, little work has appeared on methods to use the increased randomness available when the network nodes have multiple antennas. This paper provides theoretical performance bounds associated with using multi-antenna communications and proposes two practical methods for generating secret keys exploiting the increased randomness. Performance simulations reveal the efficiency of the methods.
Asynchronous Climate Changes in the North Atlantic and Japan During the Last Termination

Pollen records from the annually laminated sediment sequence in Lake Suigetsu, Japan, suggest a sequence of climate changes during the Last Termination that resembles that of the North Atlantic region but with noticeable differences in timing. An interstadial interval commenced a few centuries earlier [∼15,000 years before the present (yr B.P.)] than the North Atlantic GI-1 (Bölling) event. Conversely, the onset of a Younger Dryas (YD)–like cold reversal (12,300 to 11,250 yr B.P.) postdated the North Atlantic GS-1 (YD) event by a few centuries. Climate in the Far East during the Last Termination reflected solar insolation changes as much as Atlantic influences.
Renal histological heterogeneity and functional progress in normoalbuminuric and microalbuminuric Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes

Background and objectives Renal histological injury patterns in type 2 diabetes are heterogeneous. We compared renal histological injury patterns using renal biopsy findings with renal function and followed up renal functional changes in normoalbuminuric and microalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes to determine whether renal function progresses according to injury patterns. Design, setting, participants, and measurements We examined 111 patients with type 2 diabetes with percutaneous renal biopsy (78 men, 52±11 years old, 59 normoalbuminuria, 52 microalbuminuria) and followed up 37 cases for 11 years. Light microscopy of tissues revealed renal injury patterns as: category I (CI), normal or near-normal structure; category II (CII), typical diabetic glomerulopathy; category III (CIII), atypical (disproportionately severe tubulointerstitial/vascular damage with no/mild glomerulopathy). Results There were 29 CI, 62 CII, and 20 CIII patients. CII patients had a higher frequency of chronic kidney disease (CKD) G3-4, while the injury pattern distribution was not different among the albuminuria stages. The mean glomerular volume and volume fraction of cortical interstitium were larger than those of controls. The arteriolar hyalinosis index was larger in CII and CIII, while the percent global glomerular sclerosis was larger in CKD G3-4 compared with CKD G1-2. Renal function at follow-up was decreased in CII and CIII compared with the baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), while the GFR decline rate was faster in CII. Conclusions In normoalbuminuric and microalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes, loss of GFR could indicate typical diabetic glomerulosclerosis and a high frequency of global glomerular sclerosis. Urinary biomarkers identifying histological patterns of renal injury are necessary because GFR decline rates differed according to histological injury patterns.
TAGALOG RELATIVE CLAUSE PRODUCTION : DATA FROM ADULTS AND CHILDREN

The notes and articles in this series are progress reports on work being carried on by students and faculty in the Department. Because these papers are not finished products, readers are asked not to cite from them without noting their preliminary nature. The authors welcome any comments and suggestions that readers might offer. Tagalog uses a focus system, where verbal affixation and case marking work in coordination to mark the syntactically prominent argument. Whether Tagalog has a nominative-accusative system or an ergative-absolutive system has long been a matter of discussion among linguists. The current study investigates the acquisition of relative clauses in Tagalog using an elicited production task and asks whether the acquisition of Tagalog relativization follows previously reported findings for nominative-accusative languages or ergative-absolutive languages. The results show that the overall pattern fits that of nominative-accusative languages. The study's child participants, however, showed a bimodal distribution, indicating that some children treat the language as nominative-accusative, while others analyze it as an ergative-accusative language.
The Rebirth of Neuroscience in Psychosomatic Medicine, Part II: Clinical Applications and Implications for Research

During the second half of the last century, biopsychosocial research in psychosomatic medicine largely ignored the brain. Neuroscience has started to make a comeback in psychosomatic medicine research and promises to advance the field in important ways. In this paper we briefly review select brain imaging research findings in psychosomatic medicine in four key areas: cardiovascular regulation, visceral pain in the context of functional gastrointestinal disorders, acute and chronic somatic pain and placebo. In each area, there is a growing literature that is beginning to define a network of brain areas that participate in the functions in question. Evidence to date suggests that cortical and subcortical areas that are involved in emotion and emotion regulation play an important role in each domain. Neuroscientific research is therefore validating findings from previous psychosomatic research and has the potential to extend knowledge by delineating the biological mechanisms that link mind and body more completely and with greater specificity. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of this work for how research in psychosomatic medicine is conducted, the ways in which neuroscientific advances can lead to new clinical applications in psychosomatic contexts, the implications of this work for the field of medicine more generally, and the priorities for research in the next 5 to 10 years. ACC = anterior cingulate cortex; aMCC = anterior midcingulate cortex; CAD = coronary artery disease; CVD = cardiovascular diseases; DBS = deep brain stimulation; DLPFC = dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; ECG = electrocardiographic; FGID = functional gastrointestinal disorder; fMRI = functional magnetic resonance imaging; IBS = irritable bowel syndrome; MCC = midcingulate cortex; MEG = magnetoencephalography; MPFC = medial prefrontal cortex; NAC = nucleus accumbens; OFC = orbitofrontal (or orbital prefrontal) cortex; pACC = pregenual anterior cingulate cortex; PAG = periacqueductal gray; PET = positron emission tomography; PCC = posterior cingulate cortex; PI-IBS = post infectious irritable bowel syndrome; S1 = primary somatosensory cortex; S2 = secondary somatosensory cortex; sACC = subgenual anterior cingulate cortex; sTMS = slow transcranial magnetic stimulation; TMS = transcranial magnetic stimulation; VNS = vagus nerve stimulation.
Micronutrient Intakes in 553 Dutch Elite and Sub-Elite Athletes: Prevalence of Low and High Intakes in Users and Non-Users of Nutritional Supplements

This study investigated whether athletes meet micronutrient recommendations and whether the adequacy of their intake is related to the use of dietary supplements, sport nutrition products or a combination. Micronutrient intakes of 553 Dutch (sub-) elite athletes were assessed using web-based 24-h dietary recalls with accompanying nutritional supplement questionnaires. In the majority of both users and non-users of dietary supplements, vitamin D intake was below the estimated average requirement (AR) if supplements were not included in the analysis. Including dietary supplements improved vitamin D intake, but still a part of the athletes, both men and women, reported an intake below the AR. Non-users of dietary supplements were particularly at risk for low intakes of vitamins B1, B2, B3 and vitamins A, C and selenium. Mean iron intake was reported below the AR in a substantial group of women, both users and non-users. The use of sport nutrition products contributed only slightly to micronutrient intake. A small prevalence of athletes using dietary supplements showed intakes of some micronutrients above the Upper Level. In conclusion, both users and non-users of nutritional supplements reported inadequate intake of micronutrients. For most micronutrients, use of nutritional supplements does not completely compensate for intakes below AR. Athletes should consider making better food choices and the daily use of a low-dosed multivitamin supplement.
Toward Principled Browser Security

To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of web content, modern web browsers enforce isolation between content and scripts from different domains with the same-origin policy (SOP). However, many web applications require cross-origin sharing of code and data. This conflict between isolation and sharing has led to an ad hoc implementation of the SOP that has proven vulnerable to such attacks as cross-site scripting, cross-site request forgery, and browser privacy leaks. In this paper, we argue that information flow control (IFC) not only subsumes the same-origin policy but is also more flexible and sound. IFC not only provides stronger confidentiality and integrity for today's web sites, but also better supports complex sites such as mashups, which are notoriously difficult to implement securely under the SOP.
Análisis exploratorio de comportamientos de ciclistas voluntarios mediante minería de patrones espacio-temporales en Cuenca, Ecuador.

Data mining techniques combined with space-time cubes empower the analysis of multidimensional data. A study area in which these advanced analysis techniques can be applied pre-eminently is urban mobility, where investigation of non-motorized mobility patterns is a main priority for several cities around the world. The presented work aimed to extract spatio-temporal patterns from a human movement database containing volunteer-generated cycling data in Cuenca (Ecuador) with the objective to detect places and times where strategies can be applied that promote urban cycling. The methodology takes advantage of the capabilities of the space-time pattern mining toolbox in ArcGIS. The results demonstrate the viability of the proposed methodology for the characterization of non-motorized mobility patterns and its potential for analyzing other mobility datasets. Resumen El uso de tecnicas de mineria de datos combinadas con metodologias como los cubos espacio-temporales potencian en gran medida el analisis de bases de datos multidimensionales. Una de las areas de aplicacion mas importantes es el estudio de la movilidad no motorizada, la cual constituye una de las prioridades mas importantes de la mayor parte ciudades alrededor del mundo. Este estudio busca extraer patrones en una base de datos de movilidad de ciclistas voluntarios en Cuenca (Ecuador) para identificar lugares y momentos relevantes para el diseno y aplicacion de estrategias para mejorar la movilidad en bicicleta. La metodologia esta basada en la caja de herramientas para la mineria de patrones espacio-temporales de ArcGIS. Los resultados demuestran la viabilidad de la metodologia propuesta para la caracterizacion de la movilidad no motorizada y su potencial uso en otros conjuntos de datos de movilidad.
Rapid Frequency Response Measurement of Power Conversion Products with Coherence-Based Confidence Analysis

Switched-mode converters play now a significant role in modern society. Their operation are often crucial in various electrical applications affecting the every day life. Therefore, the quality of the converters needs to be reliably verified. Recent studies have shown that the converters can be fully characterized by a set of frequency responses which can be efficiently used to validate the proper operation of the converters. Consequently, several methods have been proposed to measure the frequency responses fast and accurately. Most often correlation-based techniques have been applied. The presented measurement methods are highly sensitive to external errors and system nonlinearities. This fact has been often forgotten and the necessary uncertainty analysis of the measured responses has been neglected. This paper presents a simple approach to analyze the noise and nonlinearities in the frequency-response measurements of switched-mode converters. Coherence analysis is applied to form a confidence interval characterizing the noise and nonlinearities involved in the measurements. The presented method is verified by practical measurements from a high-frequency switchedmode converter. Keywords—Switched-mode converters, Frequency analysis, Coherence Analysis.
High-Order State and Parameter Transition Tensor Calculations

*† ‡ Most mathematical models governing physical systems are described by first-order ordinary differential equations. The local phase space flows of such nonlinear differential equations are described by state and parameter transition tensors. This paper presents a mixed numeric/symbolic algorithm for automating the derivation, coding, and computation of tensor-based generalizations of such flows. Automatic differentiation algorithms provide the partial derivative models required for assembling the tensor differential equations for the state and parameter transition tensors. The tensor equations are described by implicit differential equations. Complicated analytic models are available through the use of Faa di Bruno’s formula for differentiation of composite functions. A simple vector generalization for Faa di Bruno’s formula is presented that builds on a recursive integer algorithm. An array-of-arrays data structure is introduced for (1) tracking the derivative terms arising during a derivation of the tensor necessary conditions, and (2) assembling a generalized state space model for integrating the state and tensor differential equation models. Pell exponential numbers model the total number of implicit derivative calculations performed at each expansion order. The integer codes that describe the derivative derivation for the tensors are transformed automatically into FORTRAN by a Fortran-based string manipulation routine. The goal of the analysis is to generate a perturbation model, based on the local flow of solutions for the nonlinear system, for general-purpose applications in uncertainty analysis, quantification of state estimate uncertainty for use in navigation algorithms and construction of neighboring extremal solutions in guidance problems. The new algorithms presented herein are expected to expedite the computation of the perturbation descriptions of such departure motion nonlinear systems by a systematic exploitation of the structure and symmetry of the tensor fields.
Endogenous Vitronectin and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Promote Neointima Formation in Murine Carotid Arteries

We examined the roles of vitronectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in neointima development. Neointima formation after carotid artery ligation or chemical injury was significantly greater in wild-type mice than in vitronectin-deficient (Vn−/−) mice. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation did not differ between groups, suggesting that vitronectin promoted neointima development by enhancing VSMC migration. Neointima formation was significantly attenuated in PAI-1–deficient (PAI-1−/−) mice compared with control mice. Because intravascular fibrin may function as a provisional matrix for invading VSMCs, we examined potential mechanisms by which vitronectin and PAI-1 regulate fibrin stability and fibrin-VSMC interactions. Inhibition of activated protein C by PAI-1 was markedly attenuated in vitronectin-deficient plasma. The capacity of PAI-1 to inhibit clot lysis was significantly attenuated in vitronectin-deficient plasma, and this effect was not explained simply by the PAI-1–stabilizing properties of vitronectin. The adhesion and spreading of VSMCs were significantly greater on wild-type plasma clots and PAI-1–deficient plasma clots than on vitronectin-deficient plasma clots. We conclude that endogenous levels of vitronectin and PAI-1 enhance neointima formation in response to vascular occlusion or injury. Their effects may be mediated to a significant extent by their capacity to promote intravascular fibrin deposition and by the capacity of vitronectin to enhance VSMC-fibrin interactions.
Preexposure prophylaxis to prevent bacterial sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men.

Rates of bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States are probably at an all-time high. In King County, WA, the rate of syphilis among MSM is now almost 3 times that calculated in 1981 at the outset of the HIV epidemic, with an estimated 3% of HIV-infected MSM in the area acquiring syphilis each year. (To our knowledge, a similarly high incidence of syphilis has never been documented in any defined population.) King County is not unique; researchers and public health officials have observed similar trends nationally and internationally, and a recent analysis showed that the national incidence of primary and secondary syphilis in 15to 24-year-old MSM rose from near zero in 1994 to 404 cases per 100,000 seven years later. Trends in gonorrhea are similar. The explosive increase in bacterial STI among MSM is, in many ways, a consequence of our success fighting HIV. Antiretroviral therapy has rendered that infection treatable, and many MSM have adopted seroadaptive behaviors that likely diminish their HIV risk while driving up their risk of bacterial STI. Although the population-level effects of HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are still unknown, the intervention has the potential to further promote divergent trends in HIV and bacterial STI. So the sexual health landscape for MSM is complex. There are reasons for optimism, including efficacious new interventions, reduced HIV associated mortality, and declining HIV incidence in some geographic areas and population groups. But there are also causes for concern. In the United States, new HIV infections are increasingly concentrated among southern African American MSM, and HIV threatens to replicate the national experience with syphilis and gonorrhea in heterosexuals in whom uneven prevention success has exacerbated profound racial and geographic disparities. Moreover, we in the STI prevention community increasingly feel that we face an out of control STI epidemic in MSM, and that we do not have a viable plan to deal with it. In this context, we need creative thinking. In this issue of the journal, Bolan and colleagues present a study that reflects creative thinking and that suggests a novel approach to STI prevention: STI PrEP. They conducted a small randomized trial designed to assess the feasibility of doxycycline prophylaxis to prevent bacterial STI, particularly syphilis, among HIV-infectedMSM at high risk for recurrent STI. The trial is interesting and provocative and challenges the STD community to think about whether, when, and how to use prophylactic antimicrobials to prevent bacterial STIs among MSM.
Potential of Helianthus annuus for phytoremediation of multiple pollutants in the environment: A Review

The development of various industrial contaminants especially heavy metals poses a severe environmental threat. Heavy metals are continuously polluting the ecosystem and these are harmful to the human being and other biota of the ecosystem. Phytoremediation is a cost-effective method for remediation of the polluted soil and water. The review represents the status of this technique with special emphasis on phytaccumulation of the multi-pollutants like heavy metals, hydrocarbons and other pollutants using Helianthus annuus, a hyperaccumulator plant. Various mechanisms are known for absorption and transportation of heavy metals inside the plant body through metal binding proteins viz. metallotheiones, phytochelatins and antioxidant enzymes which enhance the accumulation of metal. Microbial association with plants also plays a significant role in the enhancement of remediation of these pollutants and employ of genetic engineering also enhances the phytoaccumulation of heavy metals.
On the sample complexity of sparse dictionary learning

In the synthesis model signals are represented as a sparse combinations of atoms from a dictionary. Dictionary learning describes the acquisition process of the underlying dictionary for a given set of training samples. While ideally this would be achieved by optimizing the expectation of the factors over the underlying distribution of the training data, in practice the necessary information about the distribution is not available. Therefore, in real world applications it is achieved by minimizing an empirical average over the available samples. The main goal of this paper is to provide a sample complexity estimate that controls to what extent the empirical average deviates from the cost function. This estimate then provides a suitable estimate to the accuracy of the representation of the learned dictionary. The presented approach exemplifies the general results proposed by the authors in [1] and gives more concrete bounds of the sample complexity of dictionary learning. We cover a variety of sparsity measures employed in the learning procedure.