Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stem Rust Resistance in a Geographically Diverse Collection of Spring Wheat Lines Collected from Across Africa

Following the emergence of the Ug99 lineage of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) a collective international effort has been undertaken to identify new sources of wheat stem rust resistance effective against these races. Analyses were undertaken in a collection of wheat genotypes gathered from across Africa to identify stem rust resistance effective against the Pgt races found in Eastern and Southern Africa. The African wheat collection consisted of historic genotypes collected in Kenya, South Africa, Ethiopia, Sudan, Zambia, Morocco, and Tunisia, and current South African breeding lines. Both Bayesian cluster and principal coordinate analyses placed the wheat lines from Sudan in a distinct group, but indicated a degree of genetic relatedness among the other wheat lines despite originating from countries across Africa. Seedling screens with Pgt race PTKST, pedigree information and marker haplotype analysis confirmed the presence of Sr2, Sr36, Sr24, Sr31, and Lr34/Yr18/Sr57 in a number of the lines. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) undertaken with Diversiry Arrays Technology (DArT) and stem rust (Sr) gene associated markers and Stem Area Infected (SAI) and Reaction Type (RT) field phenotypes, collected from trials carried out across two seasons in Kenya in 2009 and in South Africa in 2011, identified 29 marker-trait associations (MTA). Three MTA were in common between SAI and RT, with the biggest effect MTA being found on chromosome 6AS. Two wheat lines, W1406 and W6979 that exhibited high levels of adult plant stem rust resistance were selected to generate bi-parental mapping populations. Only the MTA on chromosomes 6AS and 3BS, and the locus Lr34/Yr18/Sr57 were confirmed following QTL mapping. Additional stem rust resistance QTL, not detected by the GWAS, were found on chromosomes 2BS, 2DL, 3DL, and 4D.
The Effects of Previous Search Committee Experience on Perceptions of Importance for Strategies Used to Hire Community College Faculty.

A study was undertaken to gather information on strategies valued by faculty search committee members at a midwestern community college. In the first phase of the study, 48 statements or search strategies were developed from a review of campus documents and interviews conducted with 20 faculty experienced in the hiring process. In the second phase, 25 faculty and staff members involved in the search process were asked to rate the importance of each of the 48 strategies. The 25 participants included the college president plus 12 who had participated in 6 or more searches and 12 who had participated in fewer than 6 searches. Responses were analyzed to determine differences in the perceived importance of the strategies between the more and the less experienced faculty. The study found that the more experienced faculty ranked "communication," including such strategies as asking faculty members to identify potential candidates and making certain that candidates' visits were pleasant, as the most important factor, while this strategy was ranked fifth by the less experienced faculty. Conversely, the less experienced faculty ranked "diversity training," including enhancing diversity training programs and educating the board of trustees on the importance of diversity, as the most important strategy, while the more experienced faculty ranked diversity fifth. Strategy ratings are appended. (Contains 10 references.) (BCY) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ********************************************************************************
APPLICATION OF ABSTRACT DATA TYPE IN DYNAMIC PLA APPROACH

This paper presents the definition of abstract data type (ADT) in dynamic Piece-Linear Aggregate (PLA) model. The introduced ADT permits to describe structural changes in the hierarchical dynamic PLA (dynPLA). In order to formalize the specification of abstract data type, the Z language is used. The application of ADT in specification of dynPLA is demonstrated by an example - the transaction processing system.
Anticipating and Managing Risks in the 21st Century

My subject today is the universe of risks. There is currently a lot of talk about finance and banking, distribution channels and new technologies that may disrupt or circumvent insurance. But I propose that today we talk about risks, and the universe of risks which is, in fact, our universe. It is important to keep in mind that risk is the raw material of the insurance industry. And we would not be in business if this raw material did not exist. By the same token, any change in the nature of this raw material is bound to have an impact on ourbusiness.
Mobile Ad hoc Networks: Challenges, Applications & their Routing Protocols

As the popularity of mobile devices (MDs) and wireless networks significantly increased over the past years, wireless ad hoc networks has now become one of the most vibrant and active fields of communication and networking research. A MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc Network) is a collection of wireless nodes that can dynamically form a network to exchange information without using any preexisting fixed network infrastructure. In order to facilitate communication within the network, a routing protocol is used to discover routes between nodes. Due to severe challenges, the special features of MANET bring this technology great opportunistic together. This paper describes the fundamental problems of ad hoc network by giving its related research background including the concept, features, status, and applications of MANET. This paper presents an overview and the comparative study of the routing protocols. Also include the several challenging issues and the future work.
The Fiscal Effects of Aid in Zambia

Working Paper 10 forms part of a set of four ESAU papers on the fiscal effects of aid in African countries. The others are on Malawi (Working Paper 7), on Uganda (Working Paper 9) and a literature Survey and Synthesis (Working Paper 11). The first, historical and analytical background, part of the paper charts the course of Zambia’s economic decline and impoverishment from the high point reached in the early 1970s to the 1990s, when a tentative recovery began in the wake of radical but incomplete reforms. The fall in mining revenues caused a fall in real public expenditure only partly offset by substantial aid inflows, and public services declined. The second part, devoted to the analysis of time-series data from the early 1970s to the late 1990s, shows that the main effect of aid has been to augment the capital budget, though it has also temporarily raised recurrent expenditure. Large aid inflows have not produced satisfactory development results because they have been overwhelmed by adverse economic circumstances and uncertain economic and public expenditure management.
Uma mensuração do fenômeno de integração entre mercados de capitais de países emergentes

Revista de Administração, São Paulo v.37, n.4, p.30-37, outubro/dezembro 2002 Desde os anos 1980, os fluxos financeiros vêm-se intensificando no âmbito internacional. Os avanços tecnológicos nas áreas de transferência de dados e comunicação em geral possibilitaram crescentes integração e interação de diferentes mercados. Processos de desregulamentação aconteceram em vários países, catalisados por reduções ou eliminações de barreiras comerciais, alfandegárias, de transferências de capital e tecnologias. Esse período foi, ainda, marcado por generalizada difusão do conceito de livre mercado e pela expansão econômica de muitos países emergentes. Os fluxos financeiros intensificaram-se como conseqüência natural da globalização das atividades econômicas. Houve crescente demanda por dólares e acirramento da competitividade internacional dos agentes financeiros, principalmente os bancos. A tendência de redução dos vínculos nacionais vem-se expressando também pelo número crescente de processos de fusão, incorporação, joint venture e alianças estratégicas entre empresas, governos e mercados. Com as mudanças provocadas pelo fenômeno da integração de mercados financeiros e com os novos aspectos do cenário de negócios internacionais, a capacidade de compreender o comportamento conjunto dos mercados nacionais tornou-se crucial. A quantificação do risco associado a ativos e decisões de investimento em mercados internacionais é muito mais complexa. Além da questão do câmbio, há outra que escapa do âmbito do mercado interno nas finanças convencionais: o nível de integração do mercado do país com os mercados mundiais. O levantamento bibliográfico feito para este trabalho revelou que pouco se estudou sobre os níveis de integração existentes entre os mercados asiáticos e os mercados de países da América Latina. A última grande crise mundial, de 1997, mostrou que é importante conhecer as interferências que o país pode sofrer de outros mercados, em especial as dos mercados do Sudeste Asiático. A literatura sobre o assunto sinaliza para a necessidade de mais pesquisas que se aprofundem no estudo de mercados emergentes. Visando à expansão e ao aprimoramento do conhecimento sobre o comportamento relacionado dos mercados acionários de países emerUma mensuração do fenômeno de integração
Why are Swedes sick but Finns unemployed

While the Finnish and Swedish social security systems are structurally quite similar, the two countries show marked differences both in the recipiency rates of sickness and work disability benefits and in the level of open un­employment. In Sweden, the usage of sickness-related benefits since the beginning of the 1990s has varied in inverse relation to the level of registered unemployment, whereas in Fin­land, recipiency rates of sickness and work disability benefits have remained fairly constant, registered unemployment having typically been more than twice the Swedish level. Using the available statistical data, the article explores the differences in the prevalences of sickness, work disability and unemployment benefits between Sweden and Finland. Factors that may explain the divergence between the two countries are sought and interpreted from the long-term differences in welfare-state strategies and the structural features of the social security systems under investigation.
Wacc, Value of Tax Savings and Terminal Value for Growing and Non Growing Perpetuities

Although perpetuities are somewhat artificial in the sense that in practice they do not exist, they are relevant because no matter how detailed and complex a forecasted financial plan for a firm or project could be terminal value usually is calculated as perpetuity. This terminal value might be a growing or a non growing perpetuity. On the other hand, usually terminal value is a substantial part of the firm value. In this note we examine in detail the proper discount rate for cash flows in perpetuity, the present value of tax savings and the calculation of terminal value. The findings contradict what is generally accepted in the literature.
Large Margin Dimensionality Reduction for Time Series

Dimensionality reduction techniques are widely used in time series data mining. Dimensionality reduction can not only speed up the computation but also lead to improved performance. Most available techniques implement the reduction process without supervised information. This operation can be used to de-noise the insignificance detail, or blur the discriminative information which is important for supervised learning. To solve the problem, we design a framework of dimensionality reduction method, called the Large Margin Dimensionality Reduction (LMDR), based on large margin criterion. It is shown empirically that the LMDR significantly improves the performance in terms of time series data mining.
An Assessment of Models in Large

This paper presents a numerical comparison between a rational LES model introduced by Galdi and Layton (2000) and a classical LES model. The new LES model is based on a rational approximation of the Fourier transform of the Gaussian lter while the classical LES model uses a Taylor polynomial approximation. The numerical experiments for the 2D driven cavity test problem show a clear improvement in solution quality for the rational LES model. This improvement is consistent with the new closure approximation which provides better attenuation of high frequencies.
Detail operating characteristics of Bi-directional LLC resonant converter

In renewable energy systems such as the PV system, the batteries are connected to ensure a stable supply of energy. Therefore, the bi-directional power conditioners have a key role in renewable power systems. In this paper, bi-directional LLC resonant converter as the power conditioner is proposed. The ac analysis and operating characteristics of bi-directional LLC resonant converter are investigated.
Spatial Proximity for Innovation Activity in Regional Industrial Systems in a Transition Country - Some Evidence from Empirical Research

From the viewpoint of various western theoretical concepts on agglomeration economy discussed in this paper, we can notice the difficulties in their direct implementation in Polish conditions. A low level of technological development in industry and the potential of knowledge resources at regional agglomerations’ disposal do not support innovation activity in enterprises, thus spatial proximity weakens rather than improves innovativeness. A dichotomy of phenomena is observed in this case, however. On the one hand, a low potential of knowledge combined with its limited quality (in terms of its up-to-dateness and applicability) is incapable of generating a critical mass of auto-dynamism of an innovation system. On the other hand, however, the rising costs of agglomeration discourage potential investors from locating their enterprises within the boundaries of the agglomeration, especially that the solutions applied may be considered high tech on the national scale whereas according to international methodological standards they may be perceived as medium high tech instead. In industrial systems at their early phases of development, high tech solutions are usually ow
Accepted for Publication in the Astrophysical Journal

We present a study of the morphological fractions and color–magnitude relation in the most distant X-ray selected galaxy cluster currently known, XMMXCS J2215.9 − 1738 at z = 1.46, using a combination of optical imaging data obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys, and infrared data from the Multi-Object Infrared Camera and Spectrograph, mounted on the 8.2m Subaru telescope. We find that the morphological mix of the cluster galaxy population is similar to clusters at z ∼ 1. Within the central 0.5 Mpc, approximately ∼ 62% of the galaxies identified as likely cluster members are ellipticals or S0s; and ∼ 38% are spirals or irregulars. Therefore early type galaxies were already entrenched as the dominant galaxy population in at least some clusters approximately ∼ 4.5 Gyr after the Big Bang. We measure the color–magnitude relations for the early type galaxies, finding that the slope in the z 850 − J relation is consistent with that measured in the Coma cluster, some ∼ 9 Gyr earlier, although the uncertainty is large. In contrast, the measured intrinsic scatter about the color–magnitude relation is more than three times the value measured in Coma, after conversion to rest frame U − V. From comparison with stellar population synthesis models, the intrinsic scatter measurements imply mean luminosity weighted ages for the early type galaxies in J2215.9 − 1738 of ≈ 3 Gyr, corresponding to the major epoch of star formation coming to an end at z f ≈ 3 − 5. We find that the cluster exhibits evidence of the 'downsizing' phenomenon: the fraction of faint cluster members on the red sequence expressed using the Dwarf-to-Giant Ratio (DGR) is 0.32 ± 0.18 within a radius of 0.5R 200. This is consistent with extrapolation of the redshift evolution of the DGR seen in cluster samples at z < 1. In contrast to observations of some other z > 1 clusters, we find a lack of very bright galaxies within the cluster. The galaxy populations of clusters are dominated by galaxies of early morphological type, ellipticals and S0s, which form a tight color–magnitude relation (CMR) or 'red sequence'. For decades, this relation was interpreted as evidence that the stars in early type galaxies in clusters are uniformly old, being formed at redshift z f > 2, with the slope of the relation being primarily due to a mass-metallicity relation (Larson 1974; Tinsley 1978; Gallazzi …
Gate C-V characteristics of Si MOSFETs with uniaxial strain along 〈110〉 direction

Gate C-V characteristics of nMOSFETs fabricated on 100 silicon and subjected to a uniaxial strain applied along the <110> direction are studied. MOS electrostatics is calculated by solving self-consistent Schrodinger-Poisson equations including wave-function penetration into the gate dielectrics. It is observed that the gate capacitance increases in strong inversion with strain, but is relatively unaffected by strain in depletion region. This is due to the changes in the electron quantization mass and density of states effective mass with strain. We have also found that the effect of strain on the gate capacitance is not sensitive to changes in the substrate doping density.
Residual Energy Effects on Wireless Sensor Networks (REE-WSN)

This study presents the effect of residual energy of nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). There are many issues and challenges that still need to be solved in this area especially for energy contrain. This factor considered during clustering and routing approached to maximize network lifetime. To prolong network lifetime, there is a need for efficient power control mechanisms to reduce power consumption in sensor nodes. At the same time, energy efficient techniques should be employed at all layers of the network. This paper proposed an approach for WSNs energy conservation in order to maximize network lifetime by investigating Residual Energy Effects on Wireless Sensor Networks (REE-WSN). The performance and efficiency of REE-WSA are measured through simulation results and analysis.
Sameness and Difference

Abstract In their mission statements, universities are trying to differentiate themselves from other universities that are perceived as their competitors as well as highlight organizational specificities and brand unique images. However, at the same time, mission statements rely heavily on institutional specificities. On the basis of a combined discourse analysis, sequential analysis, and content analysis of mission statements of German universities, this article provides empirical evidence to the conclusion that mission statements allow universities to position themselves in particular niches and competitive groups, in which group similarities are highlighted vis-à-vis other groups’ differences.
Subquadratic algorithms for the weighted maximin facility location problem

Let S be a set of n points in the plane, and let each point p of S have a positive weight w(p). We consider the problem of positioning a point x inside a compact region R ⊆ R such that min{ w(p)−1 · d(x, p) ; p ∈ S } is maximized. Based on the parametric search paradigm, we give the first subquadratic algorithms for this problem, with running time O(n log n). Furthermore, we shall introduce the concept of ‘exact approximation’ as the bit model counterpart to parametric search. Exploiting ideas from exact computation, we show that the considered problem can be solved in time O(Lμ(L)n log n), where L denotes the maximal bit-size of input numbers, and μ(L) the complexity of multiplying two L-bit integers.
Efficient DOA estimation method employing refined improved polynomial rooting

Finding the direction of arrival (DOA) of several target signals is the most sought after problem in high resolution array signal processing. In this paper, a refined improved polynomial rooting (RIPR) method is proposed to track the directions of multiple targets using an array of sensors. The RIPR method estimates the covariance matrix of the sensor output. The matrix is transformed from a complex-valued covariance matrix to the real-valued matrix using unitary transformations, and then the IPR method can be applied to determine the DOA of the targets. Simulation results provide substantiate evidence for the improvement over many existing methods, namely MUSIC, Root-MUSIC, and ESPRIT.
Requirements and challenges in body sensor networks: A survey

Recent advances in wireless sensor networks have provided many opportunities for researchers on wireless networks around the body such as Body Area Network (BAN) or Body Sensor Network (BSN). A BSN allows health monitoring of patients whereby caregivers receive feedback from them without disrupting their normal activities. This monitoring requires the employment of the low-power sensor nodes implanted in or worn on the human body. This paper presents a discussion of BSNs, communication standards and their characteristics. Energy, quality of service and routing are among the crucial requirements and challenges facing BSNs which are studied. The paper also provides an investigation of many existing solutions and technologies for the challenges and requirements at physical, MAC, network, transport, and application layers. Finally, some open research issues and challenges for each layer are discussed to be addressed in further research.
Managing short postings lists

Previous work has examined space saving and throughput increasing techniques for long postings lists in an inverted file search engine. In this contribution we show that highly sporadic terms (terms that occur in 1 or 2 documents) are a high proportion of the unique terms in the collection and that these terms are seen in queries. The previously known space saving method of storing their short postings lists in the vocabulary is compared to storing in the postings file. We quantify the saving as about 6.5%, with no loss in precision, and suggest the adoption of this technique.
Wireless broadcast models and their performance

The smooth and proper flow of information is the backbone of any system either it is social, industrial, commercial or technical or educational. With the advancement in technology the face of communication is changing. Data dissemination through wireless technologies has become prime need of current era of Information Technology. There are various data dissemination techniques to be used over wireless networks out of which broadcasting is of prime utility. Various researches are going on to optimize broadcasting techniques in different parts of the world. Plenty of broadcasting schemes have been proposed. Different broadcasting schemes gives different results depending upon indexing scheme used and the number of channels for broadcasting. Indexing is used to minimize the tuning time. This paper emphasizes on the quality parameters of broadcasting models and a detailed comparative study is performed based on these parameters.