Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In vivo time-course changes in ethanol levels sampled with subcutaneous microdialysis.

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to determine time-course changes in in vivo ethanol (EtOH) concentrations using a novel subcutaneous (s.c.) microdialysis sampling technique. The hypothesis to be tested was that EtOH concentrations in the s.c. fluid would reflect blood EtOH concentrations. If this is the case, then s.c. microdialysis could allow a more detailed analysis of changes in in vivo levels of EtOH under different drinking paradigms. METHODS Adult male and female Wistar rats and male alcohol-preferring (P) rats were used in this study. A loop-style microdialysis probe was designed for s.c. applications. After initial in vitro characterization, probes were implanted under the skin between the shoulder blades. Animals were allowed to recover 4 to 24 hours prior to microdialysis collection (2.0 microl/min flow rate with isotonic saline). In vivo microdialysis experiments were then conducted to determine (i) the extraction fraction (or clearance) using EtOH no-net-flux (NNF) coupled with the alcohol clamp method, (ii) the dose-response and time-course effects after systemic EtOH administration and to compare with blood EtOH levels, and (iii) the time-course changes in EtOH levels during and after an EtOH drinking episode. RESULTS In vivo probe recovery (extraction fraction) obtained using the alcohol clamp method was 69 +/- 3%, and was comparable to the in vitro recovery of 73 +/- 2%. For the EtOH dose-response experiment, rats injected i.p. with 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg EtOH showed a clear dose-response effect in the s.c. dialysate samples. Peak concentrations (70, 123, and 203 mg%, respectively) were reached by 15 minutes after injection. In an experiment comparing levels of EtOH in s.c. dialysis and arterial blood samples in rats administered 1.0 g/kg EtOH, similar time-course changes in in vivo EtOH concentrations were observed with both i.g. and i.p. EtOH administration. In P rats drinking 15% EtOH during a 1-hour scheduled access period, EtOH levels in s.c. microdialysates rose rapidly over the session and peaked at approximately 50 mg% at 60 to 80 minutes. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these experiments indicate that s.c. EtOH and blood EtOH concentrations follow a similar time course. Moreover, s.c. microdialysis can be useful as an experimental approach for determining detailed time-course changes in in vivo EtOH concentrations associated with alcohol drinking episodes.
The CD34 Molecule and Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Studies ‐ a Challenge in Clinical Medicine

The CD34 molecule, which is expressed at various levels on virtually all human hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC), is a heavy glycosylated molecule with many different epitopes. A large series of CD34‐specific monoclonal antibodies specific for different epitopes has been generated. Some of these antibodies do not react with particular HPC subpopulations. Thus, the antibodies used for HPC enumeration and isolation have to be carefully chosen with respect to what is aimed at.
Improving utterance verification using additional confidence measures in isolated speech recognition interfaces

A major problem with speech recognition interfaces is the detection and correct rejection of words that lie outside of the command vocabulary. Given the limited resources provided to an interface, any method that is used to detect out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words should ideally require minimal computational resources. A new utterance verifier is proposed which detects OOV words efficiently using confidence measures calculated for additional words in the N-best list. This approach can be used with any existing confidence measure. We implement this utterance verifier with three different confidence measures and obtain a 3-16% improvement over their standard implementation.
A New Iteration-Complexity Bound for the MTY Predictor-Corrector Algorithm

In this paper we present a new iteration-complexity bound for the Mizuno--Todd--Ye predictor-corrector (MTY P-C) primal-dual interior-point algorithm for linear programming. The analysis of the paper is based on the important notion of crossover events introduced by Vavasis and Ye. For a standard form linear program min{cTx:Ax = b, x \ge 0} with decision variable $x\in \Re^n$, e show that the MTY P-C algorithm, started from a well-centered interior-feasible solution with duality gap $n \mu_0$, finds an interior-feasible solution with duality gap less than $n\eta$ in ${\cal O}(T(\mu_0/\eta)+n^{3.5}\log({{\bar\chi^*_A}}))$ iterations, where $T(t)\equiv\min\{n^2\log(\log t) ,\log t\}$ for all $t>0$ and ${{\bar\chi^*_A}}$ is a scaling invariant condition number associated with the matrix $A$. More specifically, ${{\bar\chi^*_A}}$ is the infimum of all the conditions numbers ${\bar\chi}_{AD}$, where D varies over the set of positive diagonal matrices. Under the setting of the Turing machine model, our analysis yields an ${\cal O}(n^{3.5}L_A+ \min\{n^2\log L,L\})$ iteration-complexity bound for the MTY P-C algorithm to find a primal-dual optimal solution, where LA and L are the input sizes of the matrix A and the data (A,b,c), respectively. This contrasts well with the classical iteration-complexity bound for the MTY P-C algorithm, which depends linearly on L instead of log L.
Sexual function after radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer.

INTRODUCTION For early-stage cervical cancer, treatment with radical surgery appears effective with excellent survival. However, the treatment is associated with significant morbidities. Sexual dysfunction is the leading cause of symptom-induced distress after the treatments for early-stage cervical cancer. There has been no study that evaluates the effect of surgical treatments for cervical cancer on sexual function in the Eastern/Asian patients. AIM To examine the effect of radical hysterectomy on postoperative sexual function in women with early-stage cervical cancer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES. The visual analog score on seven aspects of sexual function: overall satisfaction with sexual intercourse, sexual desire, vaginal lubrication, vaginal elasticity, orgasmic satisfaction, patient-perceived partner satisfaction, and associated anxiety. METHODS Thirty patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IB cervical cancer undergoing radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy at the Chiang Mai University Hospital were recruited. All of the patients were interviewed by questionnaire on sexual function at preoperative hospital admission and then at 3 and 6 months after surgery. Relevant clinical and pathologic data were also prospectively collected. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 45.3 +/- 6 years (range 28-59). Seven (23%) of the patients were postmenopausal. Almost all (97%) had FIGO stage IB1 disease. Fourteen (46.7%) patients had bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and one (3.3%) patient had unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Squamous-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were diagnosed in 83% and 17%, respectively. At 3 and 6 months after operation, 63% and 93% of the patients had sexual intercourse, respectively. Considering the overall sexual satisfaction, the patient-rated visual analog score appeared comparable at preoperative and 6-month postoperative assessment (4.2 +/- 2.5 vs. 3.6 +/- 2.2, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Radical hysterectomy using the current technique has a minimal short-term impact on sexual function. A comparative study with long-term follow-up would provide clearer information on permanent effect of radical hysterectomy on sexual function.
Research of Background Segmentation Method in Sports Video

Human motion image segmentation is the first step in the process of human motion analysis; it is low-level processing part of the visual analysis of human movement. The processing results of the stage of quality directly affects the progress of the follow-up work, the segmentation result has enormous influence on the final results human of movement analysis. Human motion image segmentation research is an important goal similar to the visual perception of the human, which make the computer feel the movement of human body, and make computers easier to understand the feelings of sports behavior. Deviation information based on Gaussian mixture model to join the chroma and brightness of background segmentation method is not only suitable for ordinary static scene, but also it is suitable for the special environment such as reflective of ice, fuzzy shadow, moving object reflection. According to experiments results, it is shown that the proposed algorithm has strong robustness. DOI : http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i6. 5120
Morally Disengaged and Unempathic: Do Cyberbullies Fit These Definitions? An Exploratory Study

In recent years, the phenomenon of cyberbullying has been gaining scholars' growing interest under various aspects, including its overlap with face-to-face bullying. Nevertheless, its relationships with cognitive and affective empathy, proactive and reactive aggression, and moral disengagement, constructs that proved to be crucial in distinguishing aggressive subjects from their targets and nonaggressive peers in traditional bullying, still represent, to some extent, an unexplored domain. The main purpose of the present exploratory study was to investigate the associations between cyberbullying and the mentioned constructs among Italian adolescents. 819 high-school students (mean age 16.08) were administered a battery of standardized tools, along with Cyberties, a new instrument created to assess the prevalence of (and the type of involvement in) different forms of electronic assaults. Analyses of variance were conducted to compare four roles ("pure" bullies, "pure" victims, bully victims, and noninvolved subjects). Participants who identified themselves as cyberbullies or cyberbully victims showed significantly higher levels of overall moral disengagement and of both types of aggression. Cyberbullies also displayed a lack of affective empathy. Our findings are in line with the ones in extant literature about correlates of traditional and electronic forms of bullying. Implications for prevention strategies are discussed.
Why do corporate elites form cohesive networks in some countries, and do not in others? Cross-national analysis of corporate elite networks in Latin America

This article analyzes, compares, and explains the corporate elite networks formed by interlocking directorates across five Latin American economies in order to comprehend why corporate elites are interconnected by cohesive networks in some countries and not in others. Results show cohesive elite networks in Mexico, Chile, and to some extent in Peru, but not in Brazil and Colombia. After testing and rejecting the hypotheses from existing theories, the author identifies complementarities among cohesive corporate elite networks, state–business relations through strong encompassing business associations, and market openness. In economies where state–business relations are mediated by strong encompassing business associations and open up to free trade with developed economies, corporate elites form cohesive networks, whereas in economies with weak encompassing business associations and low trade openness, corporate elites do not form cohesive networks. These novel explanations are useful to understand corporate elite networks in emerging economies, and a benchmark for future studies on corporate elites.
A resource binding technique for TSV number minimization in high-level synthesis of 3D ICs

Three dimensional integrated circuits allow multiple devices to be stacked on multiple layers. Therefore, utilize the area of each layer efficiently and minimize the number of through silicon vias (TSVs) are crucial to the 3D IC design. In this paper, we propose an integer linear programming (ILP) model to perform simultaneous resource binding and layer assignment in high-level synthesis of 3D ICs. Our objective is to minimize the number of TSVs under both the layer number constraint and the footprint area constraint. By means of duplicating hardware resources properly during resource binding and layer assignment, our approach has obvious improvement in reducing the number of TSVs while not increasing the footprint area. Experimental results show that our methodology is effective indeed for this 3D ICs synthesis problem.
MIMO Mode Switching Scheme for Rate Adaptation in 802.11n Wireless Networks

Multiple MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) modes are the salient characteristics of 802.11n wireless networks. An efficient MIMO mode switching scheme is highly desirable for rate adaptation, which can optimize combination of MIMO mode and MCS (Modulation Coding Scheme) to achieve the maximum system throughput. In this paper, we have proposed and verified three design guidelines for the MIMO mode switching through real experiments. Based on these guidelines, we then present a simple and efficient MImo mode Switching Scheme, called MISS, and implement it into the Atheros-based device driver. MISS uses a crossover step-based searching algorithm to find the appropriate MIMO mode for rate adaptation. The efficiency of MISS has been evaluated through real experiments conducted in the indoor environments.
Parallele Algorithmen und ihre Abbildung auf parallele Rechnerarchitekturen / Parallel Algorithms and their Mapping on Parallel Computer Architectures

Prof. Dr. Ulrich Trottenberg, Inhaber eines Lehrstuhls für Angewandte Mathematik an der Universität Köln und Institutsleiter in der GMD in St. Augustin, ist seit 1984 Leiter des nationalen SUPRENUMVerbundvorhabens und seit 1986 Geschäftsführer der SUPRENUM GmbH in Bonn. Arbeitsgebiete: Numerik, insbes. Mehrgitterverfahren für Partielle Differentialgleichungen, numerische Strömungsmechanik, parallele Algorithmen und Superrechner-Anwendungen.
Prevalence and risk factors for development of delirium in surgical and trauma intensive care unit patients.

BACKGROUND Although known to be an independent predictor of poor outcomes in medical intensive care unit (ICU) patients, limited data exist regarding the prevalence of and risk factors for delirium among surgical (SICU) and trauma ICU (TICU) patients. The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of and risk factors for delirium in surgical and trauma ICU patients. METHODS SICU and TICU patients requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) >24 hours were prospectively evaluated for delirium using the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) and the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU). Those with baseline dementia, intracranial injury, or ischemic/hemorrhagic strokes that would confound the evaluation of delirium were excluded. Markov models were used to analyze predictors for daily transition to delirium. RESULTS One hundred patients (46 SICU and 54 TICU) were enrolled. Prevalence of delirium was 73% in the SICU and 67% in the TICU. Multivariable analyses identified midazolam [OR 2.75 (CI 1.43-5.26, p = 0.002)] exposure as the strongest independent risk factor for transitioning to delirium. Opiate exposure showed an inconsistent message such that fentanyl was a risk factor for delirium in the SICU (p = 0.007) but not in the TICU (p = 0.936), whereas morphine exposure was associated with a lower risk of delirium (SICU, p = 0.069; TICU p = 0.024). CONCLUSION Approximately 7 of 10 SICU and TICU patients experience delirium. In keeping with other recent data on benzodiazepines, exposure to midazolam is an independent and potentially modifiable risk factor for the transitioning to delirium.
A Dynamic Fuzzy Controller to Meet Thermal Comfort by Using Neural Network Forecasted Parameters as the Input

Heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems are typical non-linear time-variable multivariate systems with disturbances and uncertainties. In this paper, an approach based on a combined neuro-fuzzy model for dynamic and automatic regulation of indoor temperature is proposed. The proposed artificial neural network performs indoor temperatures forecasts that are used to feed a fuzzy logic control unit in order to manage the on/off switching of the HVAC system and the regulation of the inlet air speed. Moreover, the used neural network is optimized by the analytical calculation of the embedding parameters, and the goodness of this approach is tested through MATLAB. The fuzzy controller is driven by the indoor temperature forecasted by the neural network module and is able to adjust the membership functions dynamically, since thermal comfort is a very subjective factor and may vary even in the same subject. The paper shows some experimental results, through a real implementation in an embedded prototyping board, of the proposed approach in terms of the evolution of the inlet air speed injected by the fan coils, the indoor air temperature forecasted by the neural network model and the adjusting of the membership functions after receiving user feedback.
Extracting Structured Scholarly Information from the Machine Translation Literature

Understanding the experimental results of a scientific paper is crucial to understanding its contribution and to comparing it with related work. We introduce a structured, queryable representation for experimental results and a baseline system that automatically populates this representation. The representation can answer compositional questions such as: “Which are the best published results reported on the NIST 09 Chinese to English dataset? ” and “What are the most important methods for speeding up phrase-based decoding? ” Answering such questions usually involves lengthy literature surveys. Current machine reading for academic papers does not usually consider the actual experiments, but mostly focuses on understanding abstracts. We describe annotation work to create an initial hscientific paper; experimental results representationi corpus. The corpus is composed of 67 papers which were manually annotated with a structured representation of experimental results by domain experts. Additionally, we present a baseline algorithm that characterizes the difficulty of the inference task.
Efficient sampling methods for truncated multivariate normal and student-t distributions subject to linear inequality constraints

Sampling from a truncated multivariate distribution subject to multiple linear inequality constraints is a recurring problem in many areas in statistics and econometrics, such as the order-restricted regressions, censored data models, and shape-restricted non-parametric regressions. However, the sampling problem remains nontrivial due to the analytically intractable normalizing constant of the truncated multivariate distribution. We first develop an efficient rejection sampling method for the truncated univariate normal distribution, and analytically establish its superiority in terms of acceptance rates compared to some of the popular existing methods. We then extend our methodology to obtain samples from a truncated multivariate normal distribution subject to convex polytope restriction regions. Finally, we generalize the sampling method to truncated scale mixtures of multivariate normal distributions. Empirical results are presented to illustrate the superior performance of our proposed Gibbs sampler in terms of various criteria (e.g., mixing and integrated auto-correlation time).
Local refinement techniques for elliptic problems on cell-centered grids

SummaryAlgebraic multilevel analogues of the BEPS preconditioner designed for solving discrete elliptic problems on grids with local refinement are formulated, and bounds on their relative condition numbers, with respect to the composite-grid matrix, are derived. TheV-cycle and, more generally,v-foldV-cycle multilevel BEPS preconditioners are presented and studied. It is proved that for 2-D problems theV-cycle multilevel BEPS is almost optimal, whereas thev-foldV-cycle algebraic multilevel BEPS is optimal under a mild restriction on the composite cell-centered grid. For thev-fold multilevel BEPS, the variational relation between the finite difference matrix and the corresponding matrix on the next-coarser level is not necessarily required. Since they are purely algebraically derived, thev-fold (v>1) multilevel BEPS preconditioners perform without any restrictionson the shape of subregions, unless the refinement is too fast. For theV-cycle BEPS preconditioner (2-D problem), a variational relation between the matrices on two consecutive grids is required, but there is no restriction on the method of refinement on the shape, or on the size of the subdomains.
Photodissociation Regions and H II Regions in NGC 6334

Using the VLA at 8.485 GHz, we have imaged the southern portion of the star-forming ridge of molecular gas in NGC 6334. The diffuse radio source G351.20+0.70, discovered by Moran et al. (1990), is now resolved into a roughly spherical shell of radius ~1' (0.5 pc). The distribution of molecular gas (traced by CO emission), of photodissociated gas (traced by [C II] 158 μm emission), and of ionized gas (traced by radio continuum emission), is precisely that expected for a photodissociation region—the ionized gas lies on the interior of the shell, the photodissociated gas just outside the ionized gas, and the molecular gas just outside the photodissociated gas. We also detected faint radio counterparts to the strong infrared sources NGC 6334 IV IRS 20 and NGC 6334 V. If these objects are zero-age main-sequence stars, they produce far less radio free-free emission than would be expected for the observed infrared flux. Some possible explanations for this discrepancy are the following: (1) the radio free-free emission is optically thick, (2) the stellar ionizing radiation is obscured by dust, (3) the objects are not single OB stars but very compact clusters of later type stars, or (4) the objects are protostars. For both NGC 6334 V and NGC 6334 IV IRS 20, the radio spectrum for the unresolved sources is inconsistent with optically thick free-free emission or dust obscuration from a homogeneous H II region. The radio spectral index for NGC 6334 IV IRS 20 is consistent with the value of 0.6 expected for an optically thick H II region for a star undergoing mass loss, but that of NGC 6334 V is not. Because the IR sources in NGC 6334 V are very compact (≲0.02 pc), the stellar volume densities for a cluster of later-type stars would be unreasonably large. The objects in NGC 6334 V are probably protostars.
Documenting and sharing knowledge about code

Software engineers spend a considerable amount of time on program comprehension. Current research has primarily focused on assisting the developer trying to build up his understanding of the code. This knowledge remains only in the mind of the developer and, as time elapses, often “disappears”. In this research, we shift the focus to the developer who is using her Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for writing, modifying, or reading the code, and who actually understands the code she is working with. The objective of this PhD research is to seek ways to support this developer to document and share her knowledge with the rest of the team. In particular, we investigate the full potential of micro-blogging integrated into the IDE for addressing the program comprehension problem.