Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The spectrum of the variable planetary nebula IC 4997

The compact, dusty, presumably young planetary nebula (PN) IC 4997 has been studied extensively since the variability of the lambda 4363/lambda 4340 ratio was established in 1956. Since 1938, other nebular lines have shown changes. IC 4997 is also unique because of the great density range revealed by its spectrum which goes in excitation from Mg I to (Ar IV). We present a detailed listing of spectral lines from 360 to 1005 nm. The diagnostic diagram shows that the spectrum can be interpreted only in terms of strata with a huge density gamut. Essential spectral features can be reproduced approximately by a model consisting of a geometrically thin shell of density around 10(exp 7) atoms cm(exp -3), surrounded by a much larger shell with a density of about 10(exp 4) atoms cm(exp -3). The actual, certainly more complex structure can be evaluated only when high resolution spatial imaging is at hand. The usual method of getting abundances from N(ion)/N(H(+)) and ionization correction factors (ICFs) cannot be applied here. It is argued that a reasonable theoretical model that represents the spectrum provides a valid initial approximation to nebular abundances. We propose that the chemical composition of IC 4997 does not differ greatly from that of the Sun. The finally adopted model suggests that the ejection of the material destined to form the inner shell occurred between 1900 and 1960, but observational evidence of such an ejection event is lacking. Perhaps the shell was accelerated. A need for further study is emphasized, especially the role of dust which appears to contribute 2% of the total mass. More attention to this object is recommended. An accurate measurement of its distance is especially desirable.
ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF LEADER-MEMBER EXCHANGE (LMX) TOWARDS EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE MEDIATED BY THE EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT

: Indonesia is an archipelagic country with a long history as a maritime country. In the past, the maritime archipelago had many kingdoms, such as Sriwijaya, Majapahit, and the kingdoms in Maluku had once held a vital route for world trade through the sale of spices. Merchants from Gujarat and China took herbs and spices from the Maluku Islands and then sent them via merchant ships to China, the Arabian Peninsula, Europe, and Madagascar. Maritime leadership can be defined as the ability of maritime leaders to influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute to the effectiveness and success of maritime organizations. Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) can be a way to promote better leader-follower relationships and, ultimately, improve performance in public sector organizations. Social Exchange Theory (SET) argues that employees can improve performance with high-quality LMX. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of LMX on organizational commitment and employee performance and to determine the impact of LMX on employee performance by mediating organizational commitment variables. The results prove that LMX affects organizational commitment; LMX has a beneficial effect on employee performance; organizational commitment is significantly positive. Effective LMX is beneficial for employee performance with organizational commitment as a mediating variable.
An Assessment of E-Service Quality for Online Food Delivery Services in Yangon, Myanmar

The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between e-service quality and customer satisfaction, the trust and revisit intentions toward potential businesses, for Online Food Delivery services in Yangon, Myanmar. This study assesses e-service quality to examine its influence on customer satisfaction and trust. Also, the study explores the relationship between customer satisfaction, and trust and revisit intentions towards Online Food Delivery services. Regression analysis was used to find the relationship between the variables. The findings reveal that Fulfillment (FUL) has the strongest influence on customer satisfaction and that Contact (CON) is the strongest predictor of customer trust. Likewise, customer’s satisfaction and trust have a positive relationship with customer intention to visit Online Food Delivery services again. Therefore, online food delivery service providers should focus on fulfilling customer satisfaction by providing a user-friendly app. Also, they should improve customer service and ensure customers’ needs are fulfilled in order to increase customer satisfaction. Finally, they should focus on trust which leads to customers revisiting the service.
Doppler-shifting Effects on Frequency Spectra of Gravity Waves Observed near the Summer Mesopause at High Latitude

Abstract Frequency spectra of horizontal and vertical velocities were inferred from MST radar observations near the summer mesopause at Poker Flat, Alaska. Height variations of the frequency spectra revealed only slight growth of wave amplitudes with increasing height. However, the observed vertical velocity spectra were influenced strongly by Doppler-shifting effects. Whereas horizontal velocity spectra were found to be relatively insensitive to horizontal wind speed, vertical velocity spectra acquired more negative slopes and larger energy densities at lower frequencies as the horizontal wind speed increased. Observed spectra were compared with several Doppler-shifted model spectra, consisting of separable intrinsic frequency and wavenumber spectra. The observed spectrum of horizontal velocity provides a measure of p, the negative slope of the intrinsic frequency spectrum, while the observed vertical velocity spectrum is more sensitive to the form of the vertical wavenumber spectrum, wavefield anisotrop.
Experimental Spectroscopic, DFT, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Investigations on m-Phenylenediamine (Monomer and Trimer)

Abstract The DFT approach has studied experimental spectroscopic molecular docking simulations of m-Phenylenediamine (m-PD) with quantum calculations. A molecular dynamics simulation is used to explore biomolecular stability. VEDA successfully carried out complete tasks for the distribution of potential energy. 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR shifts were assessed by the GIAO method, and results were compared with experimental spectra. TDDFT method and PCM solvent model were used to analyze electronic properties such as UV-Vis (in the gas phase, ethanol, and DMSO) and compared with the experimental UV-Vis spectra. The HOMO/LUMO energy results emphasize adequate charge transfer within the molecule. The electron excitation analysis was completed. Studies of donor-acceptor connections were performed using NBO analysis. The MEP surface analysis was carried out to show the charge distribution in the molecule. The degree of relative localization of electrons was analyzed using the ELF diagram. The Fukui functional analysis to find probable sites of attack by various substituents. Hirshfeld surface showed m-PD was stabilized primarily by forming H–H/H–N/C–H contacts. Biological studies like molecular docking were done with eight different receptors to find the best ligand-protein interactions. Molecular Dynamic Simulation was used to calculate the binding free energy of complex and to validate the inhibitory potency. This study helps in understanding the structural properties of compounds which in turn aids in elucidating the mechanism of a chemical reaction and helps in designing new reactions and catalysts. The main objective is to study structures and their properties by simulating chemical systems to provide accurate, reliable, and comprehensive data at an atomic level.
Phase diagrams of epitaxial BaTiO3 ultrathin films from first principles

Using a first-principles-based scheme, we determine the qualitative and quantitative effects of surface∕interface, thickness and electrical boundary conditions on the temperature-misfit strain phase diagrams of epitaxial (001) BaTiO3 ultrathin films. The microscopic reasons leading to such effects are also revealed.
Exact scalar field cosmologies

The authors consider exact cosmological solutions of the Einstein gravitational equations with a non-interacting combination of a classical scalar field and isotropic radiation as source. They show how a potential function for the scalar field can be found leading to desired volume behaviour of Robertson-Walker universes, and give a number of exact solutions of the coupled equations. These solutions in general do not obey the 'slow-rolling' approximation usually assumed in inflationary universe models.
A yeast‐based tool for screening mammalian diacylglycerol acyltransferase inhibitors

Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is associated with obesity and metabolic diseases but there is also increasing evidence of a relationship between lipid body excess and cancer. Lipid body synthesis requires diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs) which catalyze the last step of triacylglycerol synthesis from diacylglycerol and acyl‐coenzyme A. The DGATs and in particular DGAT2, are therefore considered potential therapeutic targets for the control of these pathologies. Here, the murine and the human DGAT2 were overexpressed in the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica deleted for all DGAT activities, to evaluate the functionality of the enzymes in this heterologous host and DGAT activity inhibitors. This work provides evidence that mammalian DGATs expressed in Y. lipolytica are a useful tool for screening chemical libraries to identify potential inhibitors or activators of these enzymes of therapeutic interest.
On Greenberg's Two-Step Model of Criminal Recidivism

With more than two million people currently incarcerated in U.S. prisons and jails, many of them repeat offenders, there is widespread agreement that criminal recidivism is a serious and costly problem in both human and economic terms. In this article, a stochastic model, which is a somewhat simplified version of a model first proposed by Greenberg, is discussed. An argument for the model is made based on recent theoretical and empirical studies that demonstrate the importance of social bonds in both the commission of and the abstinence from crime. This argument provides a stronger theoretical basis for the model, since it suggests that the model's trichotomization of a cohort of released prisoners reflects truly discrete differences and not just a convenient simplification imposed on a continuous variable. The model is shown to fit trial data sets very well, enabling the measurement of asymptotic recidivism—the ultimate percentage of a release cohort who will recidivate.
A New Capacitive / Resistive Probe Method for Studying Magnetic Surfaces

A new capacitive/resistive probe method for mapping the magnetic surfaces from resistance or capacitance between a magnetic surface and a vacuum vessel was developed and tested. Those resistances and capacitances can be regarded as components of a simple electrical bridge circuit. This method exploits electrical transient response of the bridge circuit for a square pulse. From equiresistance or equicapacitance points, the magnetic surface structure can be deduced. Measurements on the Tohoku University Heliac, which is a small-size standard heliac, show good agreement with numerical calculations. This method is particularly useful for pulse-operated machines.
Intention to provide ridesharing services: Determinants from the perspective of driver-partners in a gig economy

Research on ridesharing platforms under the gig economy has focused much on the incentives and barriers of users, leaving many gaps in understanding drivers’ intention to provide ridesharing services. This paper aims to explore, from the perspective of driver-partners, motives that encourage them to continue being gig workers. Data for the study are based on a cross-sectional survey of ridesharing drivers in three metropolitan areas in three regions (North, Central, and South) of Vietnam, conducted from June to July 2022. The paper regresses behavioral intention to continue being a gig driver on their demographic characteristics and self-estimation of economic benefit, time preference, and enjoyment of being a gig driver via ordered probit models. For all three regions, the result suggests that economic benefit, time preference, and enjoyment are good predictors of drivers’ intention to provide the services. Specifically, the probability of remaining in gig work among drivers decreases with their educational and economic status. Higher economic benefit does not predict a higher intention of drivers to stay longer in gig work. Similarly, those with higher levels of enjoyment of traveling and vehicles have a lower intention to remain in this sphere. In the North, the interaction terms between time preference and enjoyment level are significant, suggesting that the effect of enjoyment levels becomes less damaging with an increase in time preference. In other words, time preference is vital in keeping gig drivers in this type of work.
Long Period Grating Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Based Immunosensor with Temperature and Bulk Refractive Index Compensation

A long period grating Mach–Zehnder interferometer (LPGMZI) that consists of two identical long period gratings (LPGs) in a single fibre was developed to measure immunoglobulin M (IgM). The measured spectrum has fringes due to the interference between the core mode and cladding mode. This immunosensor inherits the advantages of an LPG and has the potential to compensate for unwanted signal changes due to bulk refractive index (RI) and temperature fluctuations by analysing interference fringes and their envelope. The external RI was measured from 1.3384 to 1.3670 in two different cases: (i) only the connecting section between the two LPGs is immersed or (ii) the whole LPGMZI is immersed. The fringes shift with an external RI in both scenarios, whereas the envelope stays still in case (i) or shifts at the same rate as the fringes in case (ii). The LPGMZI was also characterised at different temperatures between 25 °C and 30 °C by placing the whole LPGMZI in a water bath. The fringes and envelope shift at the same rate with temperature. The LPGMZI platform was then used to create an IgM immunosensor. The connecting section between the two LPGs was functionalised with anti-IgM and immersed into solutions with IgM concentrations from 20 μg/mL to 320 μg/mL. The fringes shift with IgM concentration and the envelope remains static. The results from this work show that LPGMZI has the potential to compensate for the temperature and bulk RI fluctuations and perform as a portable biosensor platform.
MBMT-Net: A Multi-Task Learning Based Convolutional Neural Network Architecture for Dense Prediction Tasks

Recently proposed improvements in the field of Computer Vision refer to enhancing the feature processing capabilities of Single-Task Convolutional Neural Networks. A typical Single-Task network consists of a backbone and a head, where the feature extractor is usually optimised using the gradient provided by the head. Inevitably, the backbone specialises for the given task. This sort of approach does not scale well for learning multiple tasks at once while having the same input. As a response, there is an increasing interest in Multi-Task formulations. Since most Multi-Task architectures employ a single shared backbone, when gradients from different tasks are propagated back to it, it can result in its oversaturation. Thus, this problem may be solved using Multi-Backbone feature extractors. Hence, as a strategy proposed to compensate for these shortcomings, we introduce MBMT-Net, a Multi-Backbone-Multi-Task-Network architecture based on a development strategy that infuses backbones with more diverse and specialised processing capabilities. MBMT-Net consists of parallel pre-trained backbones whose outputs are concatenated and offered to the Multi-Task heads that shall benefit from richer and more diverse features with decreased number of network parameters when compared to traditional Multi-Task architectures. Our strategy is architecture independent, and it can be applied to different types of backbones and parsing heads, which greatly extends the domain of configurable features, finally enhancing existing Single- and Multi-Task model building strategies and outperforming them when using the Multi-Backbone design. As a result, while having a deficit of 12.16M parameters, MBMT-Net reaches state-of-the-art performances, and surpasses the previously best semantic segmentation Multi-Task model in terms of Mean Intersection over Union when evaluated on NYUv2 data set.
Effective thermal conductivity of particulate composites with interfacial thermal resistance

A methodology is introduced for predicting the effective thermal conductivity of arbitrary particulate composites with interfacial thermal resistance in terms of an effective medium approach combined with the essential concept of Kapitza thermal contact resistance. Results of the present model are compared to existing models and available experimental results. The proposed approach rediscovers the existing theoretical results for simple limiting cases. The comparisons between the predicted and experimental results of particulate diamond reinforced ZnS matrix and cordierite matrix composites and the particulate SiC reinforced Al matrix composite show good agreement. Numerical calculations of these different sets of composites show very interesting predictions concerning the effects of the particle shape and size and the interfacial thermal resistance.
Modeling particle redeposition in ion-beam erosion processes under normal incidence

A conceptually simple mesoscopic solid-on-solid type block model for the potential redeposition effect during spatio-temporal evolution of surfaces under normal ion-beam erosion is developed and investigated in considerable detail. This model focuses on redeposition only while neglecting other surface effects and is kept one-dimensional to allow for an analysis of large systems on long timescales. After introducing the model we discuss the evolution of the mean height and the root mean square roughness for different initial surface profiles and process parameters. The results are then compared to experiments and the recently proposed non-locally stabilized Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation in order to discuss whether particle redeposition might be the potential origin of the non-local damping term in that equation.
QUALITY CRITERIA IN MARITIME EDUCATION AND TRAINING

It is crucial to implement quality standards systems to achieve and maintain the requirements in maritime education and training stipulated by the International Maritime Organization and Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping Convention and Code. The study offers suggestions for analysing and improving the understanding of quality and quality criteria in maritime education. For this purpose, in line with the literature review and expert opinions, 38 sub-criteria were determined under five main criteria, and these criteria were prioritised using the Best Worst Method through the agency of 10 experts. The results of the study showed that the most fundamental criteria in the quality of maritime education and training are professional and personal development, sense of professional ethics, publication and research, and compliance with and effective use of course hours, respectively. The results of the study have also enabled educational institutions to evaluate their strengths and weaknesses in terms of quality.
An Analysis of Seasonal and Decadal-long Variations of Aerosols over the Asian Pacific Region using NOAA/AVHRR Data

Seasonal and decadal-long variations of aerosols in the Asia Pacific region, over the seas east off the Asian continent, have been analyzed using AVHRR data from NOAA-11 and NOAA-14 satellites. The aerosol optical thickness at wavelength 0.5 mm and A° ngstro¨m exponent were retrieved by means of the so-called two-channel algorithm for the period of about 12 years, between November 1988 and January 2001. Evident seasonal variation was found in the geographical distributions of aerosols over the region. Excepting the interval of strong influence by the Pinatubo volcanic eruptions, the aerosol optical thickness has gradually increased almost all over the region during the analyzed period. The present results verified the fact that the Asian Pacific region is under significant influence of natural and anthropogenic aerosols from the Asian continent.
Remaining Opportunities in Capacitive Power Transfer Based on Duality With Inductive Power Transfer

Wireless power transfer (WPT) has proven to be an effective solution for electric vehicle charging. As two mainstream near-field WPT technologies, inductive and capacitive power transfer (IPT and CPT) have many similarities. This article aims to explore the remaining opportunities in CPT systems, not yet reported in existing literature, based on duality with the mature IPT technology. First, a generic modeling method based on two-port network theory is proposed, which contributes to unified modeling and analysis for both inductive and capacitive couplings. Then, power transfer mechanism of IPT and CPT couplers is compared, and unified transfer efficiency is derived, promoting CPT theory developments. Last, the duality between existing IPT and CPT circuits is demonstrated in two aspects: compensation circuit configuration and resonant relationship. The 14 CPT topologies are derived based on duality with the existing seven mainstream IPT circuits, of which 11 circuits do not exist in literature, offering future opportunities in CPT. Detailed comparison and evaluation of the derived 14 CPT circuits are conducted, and high-performance circuits are recommended. As a demonstration, a case study of a 2.1-kW, 3-MHz CPT system is implemented in hardware based on the newly proposed $M_{1}$ -SS topology. This example system achieves a peak efficiency of 93.19% with the predicted circuit properties of load-independent constant-voltage (CV) output and zero-phase-angle (ZPA) property.
The Intelligibility of Speech Processed by Delayed Long‐Time‐Averaged Compression Amplification

Conventional compression amplification introduces undesirable distortion when brief (several milliseconds or less) time constants are utilized, and reacts too sluggishly for longer time constants. We have devised a method of processing speech in which the average power of the waveform over intervals of several tens of milliseconds is measured continuously and is used to determine the gain to be applied to the waveform at the center of each interval. The resulting amplitude‐compressed signal is delayed by one‐half the length of the averaging interval. Tape‐recorded monosyllabic word lists are processed by a digital computer and the resulting tapes are compared with originals for intelligibility, in quiet and in noise, by hearing‐impaired and by normal subjects. Preliminary results show that the intelligibility of the processed tapes is selectively superior under some conditions to that of the original tapes. [This study was supported by a grant from the Research Development Fund and by the cooperation of t.
On the Depth of the Nocturnal Boundary Layer

Abstract The depth of the nocturnal boundary layer, modeled by diagnostic functions of surface fluxes, is only weakly related to “observed” depths estimated from observed profiles of either wind or temperature as has been shown in previous studies. This is partly due to influences of nonstationarity and large errors in the estimate of the small surface fluxes. However, the weak relationship between the modeled and profile-derived depths also is due to the inability of the profile-derived depths to represent the actual depth of the turbulence. The diagnostic models perform significantly better when tested against an improved estimate of the actual depth of the turbulence as computed from profiles of the Richardson number.