Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Separation of anxiety and depressive disorders

Editor—Shorter and Tyrer's conclusion that failure to advance (drug) treatment of anxiety and depression is related to wrong (disease) classification seems to be based on several false premises.1​1 Figure 1 Inverse relation between number of new drugs patented for mood and anxiety disorders and number of anxiety and depressive diagnoses in DSM revisions Firstly, precise diagnosis is possible in mental disorders. Secondly, drug licensing authorities require disease indications in standard (coded) diagnostic terms. Thirdly, drugs are used only to treat disease (cause) not symptoms (effect). Fourthly, drugs are the principal treatment agent in anxiety and depression. Diagnosis in patients, particularly in mental illness, is simply a shortcut categorisation prompting further elucidation. Full appraisal of patients in the context of their environment, beliefs, and many other factors is a more appropriate guide to therapeutic choices, of which drug treatment is only one option. The specification of product characteristics for the benzodiazepine librium lists among its licensed indications symptomatic treatment of anxiety, anxiety with other conditions (many diseases listed here), muscle spasm, symptomatic relief of acute alcohol withdrawal.2 Clearly not the language of disease classification, this example refutes the second premise above. Most clinicians know that anxiety and depression are symptoms (alone or together) found in situations (not necessarily disease) and conditions including schizophrenia, mood disorders, and phobic disorders. Calling symptoms disease is like telling a patient with headache that they have “cephalgia. ” I am amazed that, to pursue its otherwise excellent scrutiny of the pharmaceutical industry's influence on medical practice, the BMJ has suspended its normal rules of critical evaluation to publish this paper, which sees conspiracy where clearly none exists.
Profit Sharing and Productivity: Further Evidence from the Chemicals Industry

Profit sharing potentially augments productivity by affecting motivational variables that promote group norms favoring effort. A factor augmentation model of production is developed to measure the impact of profit sharing on productivity using a test industry in U.S. manufacturing. The model is applied using alternative exogenous and endogenous specifications for the profit-sharing incentive variable. The results are consistent with those obtained in other recent studies and suggest that profit sharing results in improvements in productivity.
Safety and feasibility of a PAclitaxel-eluting balloon angioplasty in Primary Percutaneous coronary intervention in Amsterdam (PAPPA): one-year clinical outcome of a pilot study.

AIMS In primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), stenting has been shown to reduce the need for repeat target lesion revascularisation (TLR) compared to balloon angioplasty alone, but did not result in a reduction of recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) or cardiac death. Meanwhile, stent-related adverse events such as stent thrombosis continue to be of concern. Our aim was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of drug- coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty without stenting in PPCI. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred patients presenting with ST-elevation MI were prospectively enrolled in this pilot study. They underwent PPCI with DCB angioplasty; additional stenting was allowed only in case of type C to F coronary dissection or residual stenosis >50%. All patients were treated with i.v. bivalirudin. The primary endpoint was the composite of cardiac death, recurrent MI and TLR. A total of 59 patients received treatment with DCB angioplasty alone, whereas additional stenting was required in 41 patients. One-year clinical follow-up was completed in 98 patients. A total of five major adverse cardiac events were reported (5%). Cardiac death was seen in two patients, while three patients underwent TLR. CONCLUSIONS This first study of a DCB angioplasty-only strategy in the setting of PPCI showed good one-year clinical results.
Utilizing Online Social Media for Disaster Relief: Practical Challenges in Retrieval

In recent years, several disaster events (e.g., earthquakes in Nepal-India and Italy, terror attacks in Paris and Brussels) have proven the crucial role of Online Social Media (OSM) in providing actionable situational information. However, in such media, the crucial information is typically obscured by a lot of insignificant information (e.g., personal opinions, prayers for victims). Moreover, when time is critical, owing to the rapid speed and huge volume of microblogs, it is infeasible for human subjects to go through all the tweets posted. Hence, automated IR methods are needed to extract the relevant information from the deluge of posts. Though several methodologies have been developed for tasks like classification, summarization, etc. of social media data posted during disasters [5], there are still several research challenges that need to be addressed for effectively utilising social media data (e.g., microblogs) for aiding disaster relief operations
Acquisition of Employability Skills by High School Students

Much of the debate about enhancing the employability skills of Canadian youth is premised on untested assumptions. This paper examines Alberta high school students' self-reports of the employability skills they have acquired in high school courses, formal work-experience programs, paid part-time employment, and volunteer work. Certain types of employability skills are considerably more likely to be acquired in some settings than in others. Most students do not see the labour market relevance of analytic skills or of a basic high school education. In addition, the skills that employers typically indicate they are seeking are not the same as the skills that students believe employers want. Such findings suggest that the different stakeholders may not be communicating effectively with each other. In particular, educators and employers must demonstrate more clearly to students the link between core secondary school curriculum and employment outcomes.
Social Choice and Intensity of Preference

Much of the dissatisfaction with Professor Arrow's formulation (1963) of the problem of social choice rests on Arrow's imposition of the controversial "independence of irrelevant alternatives" condition (A3). Arrow himself has ceased to insist upon this condition in its strong original form (Arrow 1967). The chief objection to A3 is that it prevents the collectivechoice rule from responding to intensity of individual preference, making the choice rule unacceptable on a priori grounds (Kemp and Asimakopulos 1952; Hildreth 1953; Coleman 1966; Quirk and Saposnik 1968; Sen 1970). This view is not correct if intensity of preference is measured by an ability to make side payments in order to influence collective decision making. I show that a modified version of A3 which takes explicit account of intensity of preference actually implies the original independence condition for realistic environment sets. This will be true no matter how side payments of private goods and services are evaluated. A modest amount of notation is required before the independence condition can be given formal expression. The set X, the nonnegative orthant of m-dimensional Euclidean space, is the space of hypothetical states of the economy. There are n individuals whose preferences are to be considered by any collective decision-making process, and to each individual i there corresponds a binary relation Ri which is complete on X. The term
Relationships of deterrence and law enforcement to drug-related harms among drug injectors in US metropolitan areas

Objective:To understand associations of punitive policies to the population prevalence of injection drug users and to HIV seroprevalence among injectors. Design and methods:A lagged-cross-sectional analysis of metropolitan statistical area data. Estimates of drug injectors per capita and of HIV seroprevalence among injectors in 89 large US metropolitan areas were regressed on three measures of legal repressiveness (hard drug arrests per capita; police employees per capita; and corrections expenditures per capita) controlling for other metropolitan area characteristics. Results:No legal repressiveness measures were associated with injectors per capita; all three measures of legal repressiveness were positively associated with HIV prevalence among injectors. Conclusions:These findings suggest that legal repressiveness may have little deterrent effect on drug injection and may have a high cost in terms of HIV and perhaps other diseases among injectors and their partners – and that alternative methods of maintaining social order should be investigated.
Solidarity at Last? International Trade Unionism Approaching the Millennium

The analysis of supranational union organization has been a neglected area for many years. However, the construction of trading blocs and the accelerating internationalization of capital has increased the motivation for labour movements to cooperate, and provided some new opportunities for such efforts. In order to assess the prospects for success, five different approaches to analysis of international unionism are distilled from a fragmented literature, evaluated critically, and the subsequent insights are applied to the prospects for the future. The assessment concentrates on the European scene, where the pace of change and the efforts to construct a continental industrial relations area have been most in evidence. Conclusions are mixed: while there are some real advances and areas of improved outlook for international unions, there are growing challenges from management and a double-edged shift to an enterprise focus in many areas of activity.
From past to present: traditional herbs used in the treatment of nephrologic diseases in southeast Turkey.

The use of plants for health care is as old as human history. In cases of disease, the first thing that comes to mind is usually herbs, recommended by older family members who have a knowledge and experience passed down through the generations. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than three quarters of the world population trust in herbs as a traditional medicine for health care (1). Unfortunately, most of these plants are consumed as if “harmless. ” However, each plant has side effects and toxic properties besides the intended positive effect. A herb may contain hundreds of components having additive or synergistic effects. Root, leaf and flower of the same plant may contain different chemicals. The acidity, mineral content and heavy metal contamination of the plant’s soil would also effect its contents (2). The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) with herbs has been maintaining its popularity since ancient times at an increasing rate, especially in chronic, recurrent and/or incurable diseases. As a Mediterranean country, Turkey has a rich flora and therefore has vast experience of the use of plants for therapeutic purposes. Gaziantep is one of the major cities located on the historical Silk Road in southeast Turkey. It hosted various civilizations, and it inhabitants have a long experience of the use of herbs. In this article, the mostly used traditional plants in the treatment of nephrologic diseases in that region will be discussed. The duties of health professionals to create awareness about the side effects, interactions and toxicities of herbal treatments will be highlighted. The main diseases for CAM in nephrology are hypertension, urolithiasis, recurrent urinary tract infections and enuresis. Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep Turkey Ayse Balat From past to present: traditional herbs used in the treatment of nephrologic diseases in southeast Turkey originAl ArTicle
A new method to design multi-standard analog baseband low-pass filter

Multi-standard transceivers allow to process different protocols in a single chip. These type transceivers need reconfigurable analog elements. In this work reconfigurable Analog Baseband low-pass filter is designed to support the application of Bluetooth, CDMA2000, Wideband CDMA, and IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n wireless LANs and 2G/3G/4G. The designed filter operates between 20kHz-40MHz. The filter is designed with cell-based variable transconductance amplifier. The minimum value of the designed filter'sthird order intersection point is 17.8dBm. The performance of the designed circuit is tested with TSMC 0. 1μm technology in CADENCE environment.
Subgap Leakage in $\hbox{Nb/Al}$– $\hbox{AlO}_{\rm x}\hbox{/Nb}$ Josephson Junctions and Run-to-Run Reproducibility: Effects of Oxidation Chamber and Film Stress

Many applications of Nb/Al-AlO<sub>x</sub>/Nb Josephson junctions (JJs) in superconducting electronics require high-quality tunnel barriers with low subgap leakage that is usually characterized by figure of merit V<sub>m</sub> = I<sub>c</sub> R<sub>sg</sub>, where I<sub>c</sub> is the critical current and R<sub>sg</sub> is the subgap resistance at 2 mV and 4.2 K. It is widely believed, and there is considerable literature suggesting, that quality and reproducibility of JJs critically depend on the intrinsic stress in Nb/Al-AlO<sub>x</sub>/Nb trilayers, and the stress therefore should be carefully minimized and controlled. Contrary to this belief, we show that JJ quality V<sub>m</sub> and reproducibility do not depend on the stress in the trilayer, at least in the studied range from -300 to 300 MPa. In this range, V<sub>m</sub> depends neither on the stress in a Nb/Al base electrode nor in a Nb counter electrode. We have found, however, that V<sub>m</sub> crucially depends on the way the tunnel barrier formation by thermal oxidation of Al is done. For instance, room-temperature dynamic oxidation (in O<sub>2</sub> flow at low pressures) in a cryopumped chamber leads to poor run-to-run reproducibility of V<sub>m</sub> and reduced V<sub>m</sub> values, whereas dynamic oxidation at the same parameters but in a chamber with a turbomolecular pump results in high V<sub>m</sub> values and excellent run-to-run reproducibility.
Structural tissue organization in the beak of Java and Darwin's finches

Birds are well known for occupying diverse feeding niches, and for having evolved diverse beak morphologies associated with dietary specialization. Birds that feed on hard seeds typically possess beaks that are both deep and wide, presumably because of selection for fracture avoidance, as suggested by prior studies. It follows then that birds that eat seeds of different size and hardness should vary in one or more aspects of beak morphology, including the histological organization of the rhamphotheca, the cellular interface that binds the rhamphotheca to the bone, and the organization of trabeculae in the beak. To explore this expectation we here investigate tissue organization in the rhamphotheca of the Java finch, a large granivorous bird, and describe interspecific differences in the trabecular organization of the beak across 11 species of Darwin's finches. We identify specializations in multiple layers of the horny beak, with the dermis anchored to the bone by Sharpey's fibers in those regions that are subjected to high stresses during biting. Moreover, the rhamphotheca is characterized by a tight dermo‐epidermal junction through interdigitations of these two tissues. Herbst corpuscles are observed in high density in the dermis of the lateral aspect of the beak as observed in other birds. Finally, the trabecular organization of the beak in Darwin's finches appears most variable in regions involved most in food manipulation, with the density of trabeculae in the beak generally mirroring loading regimes imposed by different feeding habits and beak use in this clade.
The Political Economy of Reforming the Anti-Dumping Laws

In the idealised economic world in which economists usually begin their theoretical analyses, the first-best international policy for dealing with dumping is to eliminate the economic distortions that make dumping possible, e.g., tariffs, subsidies and monopoly power, and deal with relevant equity considerations through lump-sum income redistribution. But this combination of policies generally is not politically feasible, and the use of second-best policies is the only realistic option. Consequently, for academic economists seeking achievable AD reform, the most promising approach may be to work toward the elimination of the many current administrative practices that unfairly injure groups not directly involved in the petitioning process but accept that there can be practical circumstances where the equity concerns of petitioners trump overall efficiency objectives.
Life or death? Autophagy in anticancer therapies with statins and histone deacetylase inhibitors

Autophagy, which could be either cytoprotective or cytotoxic, is often observed in tumor cells in response to chemotherapy. Understanding the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of autophagy represents a new direction in the development of anticancer therapies. Our recent studies investigate the role of autophagy in the anticancer effects of statins and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). Inhibition of autophagy enhances the efficacy of statins, whereas autophagic cell death in cancer cells is induced by HDACi. Here, we will discuss the differential signaling pathways elicited by statins and HDACi. We find that AMPK, cytoplasmic p21 and Akt signaling are crucial determinants of cell fates (i.e., life or death) while autophagy is induced.
Balancing work and family: The role of high-commitment environments

Recently, researchers have begun to recognize that the nature of jobs, the workplace environment, and more generally, the culture of the workplace can have a significant impact on the ability of workers to balance their work and family lives. This article examines the effect of high-performance work practices, job characteristics, and the work environment on workers’ views about whether the company helps them balance work and family. Using data from a survey of workers across three manufacturing industries, we show that a high-commitment environment—characterized by high-performance work practices, intrinsically rewarding jobs, and understanding supervisors—positively influences employees’ perceptions that the company is helping them achieve this balance. This article reinforces the view that helping workers balance work and family responsibilities is not just a matter of benefits and formal family-friendly policies. Rather, it also depends on the characteristics of jobs within the business enterprise. A merican families are being pulled in many directions. The number of dual-earner families has increased, as has the combined hours parents are working, while the time-consuming demands of maintaining a family and caring for dependents are unchanged. With more people working for pay and family work hours rising, balancing work and family life is an increasingly critical issue. Partly in response to these concerns, employers have begun to adopt a range of family-oriented policies, and some have expanded the scope of their work and family programs to include assistance with elder care and a range of flexible work arrangements. More recently, researchers have begun to recognize that the nature
Synergistic antitumor effect of TRAIL and doxorubicin on colon cancer cell line SW480.

AIM TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) has been reported to specifically induce apoptosis of cancer cells although only a small percentage of cell lines were sensitive to it. Cell lines not responding to TRAIL in vitro were said to be more prone to apoptosis when TRAIL was combined with another anticancer agent. Generally, factors affecting drug-sensitivity involve many apoptosis-related proteins, including p53. The expression of wild-type p53 gene was proposed as an important premise for tumor cells responding to chemotherapy. The present study was to investigate the cell killing action of TRAIL on colon cancer cell line SW480, its synergistic effect with doxorubicin, and the possible mechanisms. METHODS SW480 cells were cultured in the regular condition and incubated with different levels of agents. Morphologic changes in these cells after treatment were observed under phase-contrast microscope and cytotoxicity by TRAIL alone and in combination with doxorubicin was quantified by a 1-day microculture tetrazolium dye (MTT) assay. In addition, flow cytometry assay (FCM) and transmission electron microscopy were used to detect apoptosis among these cells. Variation of p53 protein level among different groups according to concentrations of agents was measured by Western blot assay. RESULTS (1) SW480 cells were not sensitive to TRAIL, with IC(50)>1 mg/L(-1) and dose-independent cytotoxicity. (2) SW480 cells were sensitive to doxorubicin at a certain degree, with dose-dependent cytotoxicity and IC(50)=65.25+/-3.48 micromol/L(-1). (3) TRAIL could synergize with doxorubicin to kill SW480 cells effectively, which was represented by the boosted killing effect of doxorubicin on theses cells. IC(50) of doxorubicin against SW480 cells sharply reduced when it was combined with TRAIL. (4) Subtoxic TRAIL (100 microg/L(-1)), combined with subtoxic doxorubicin (0.86 micromol/L(-1)), could kill SW480 cells sufficiently. Cytotoxicity by MTT assay arrived at 80.12+/-2.67 %, which was significantly higher than that by TRAIL or doxorubicin alone, with P=0.006 and 0.003 respectively. This killing effect was partly due to apoptosis. It was proved by large amounts of apoptotic cells under phase-contrast microscopy, cell apoptosis rate of 76.82+/-1.93 % by FCM assay and typical apoptotic morphology observed through transmission electron microscopy. Increase of apoptosis after combined treatment had no relation with protein level of p53 (P>0.05). CONCLUSION SW480 cells are not sensitive to TRAIL, but TRAIL can synergize with lower concentration of doxorubicin to induce apoptosis effectively. The status of p53 protein is not involved in the mechanism of synergistic apoptosis. It suggests the potential therapeutic applicability of the combination of TRAIL with doxorubicin against colon cancers.
Experiences That Lead to Growth for Educators and Learners

The commonplace of education—teacher, learner, curriculum and milieu (Schwab, 1970)—exist in all schools, but the experience is educative only to the degree that these commonplaces interact to spark learning. The authors of the articles in this issue of Brock Education all puzzle over the experiences of teachers and/or learners. In each case, their aim is to improve practice and, through this, contribute to a better world.
Negative Labour Values And The Production Possibility Frontier

Steedman's theoretical finding of negative labour values associated with positive equilibrium prices has been criticised on the grounds that this situation obtains only in inefficient economies. A recent paper by Hosoda claims that this criticism is valid only in two-dimensional joint-product systems. It is argued here that the dimensionality of the system is of no relevance to the “inefficiency critique” of Steedman. Rather, the validity of the critique turns on matters relating to the growth rate and the rate of profit. The argument that processes inefficient in a static context may be viable in the context of von Neumann growth is considered, and the implications for the labour theory of value are assessed. Marx's critique of capitalist economic calculation is supported by reference to the divergence of Sraffian prices and Samuelsonian values when the rate of profit is in excess of the rate of growth.