Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grief Casualties on Skid Row

Case study research in a southwestern shelter for homeless men revealed a small, but notable, minority suffering from unresolved grief. The grief of these men was due to the death of a spouse, a child, a parent, or other member of their immediate family, or to a particularly painful divorce, earlier in their lives. Their relationship loss and the consequent grief that they were unable to complete appeared to have robbed them of the will to maintain their social standing in society. The result was drastic downward mobility to a life on the street. Their failure to cope with grief would appear to be due to a dearth of primary relationships in their former and present lives.
Just and Unjust Punishment: Influences on Subordinate Performance and Citizenship

This justice-theory-based study of punishment surveyed supervisors and their disciplined subordinates about specific punishment events. Path analysis results suggested that two personality traits—belief in a just world and negative affectivity—were associated with the subordinates' perceptions of the events. Perceived harshness, a distributive characteristic of the events, was associated with the supervisors' perceptions of the subordinates' subsequent performance. Subordinate control, a procedural characteristic of the events, was associated with the supervisors' perceptions of subsequent citizenship behaviors.
Social stress up-regulates inflammatory gene expression in the leukocyte transcriptome via β-adrenergic induction of myelopoiesis

Significance Chronic exposure to adverse social environments is associated with increased risk of disease, and stress-related increases in the expression of proinflammatory genes appear to contribute to these effects. The present study identifies a biological mechanism of such effects in the ability of the sympathetic nervous system to up-regulate bone marrow production of immature, proinflammatory monocytes. These effects are mediated by β-adrenergic receptors and the myelopoietic growth factor GM-CSF, and suggest new targets for interventions to protect health in the context of chronic social stress. Across a variety of adverse life circumstances, such as social isolation and low socioeconomic status, mammalian immune cells have been found to show a conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA) involving increased expression of proinflammatory genes. The present study examines whether such effects might stem in part from the selective up-regulation of a subpopulation of immature proinflammatory monocytes (Ly-6chigh in mice, CD16− in humans) within the circulating leukocyte pool. Transcriptome representation analyses showed relative expansion of the immature proinflammatory monocyte transcriptome in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from people subject to chronic social stress (low socioeconomic status) and mice subject to repeated social defeat. Cellular dissection of the mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cell transcriptome confirmed these results, and promoter-based bioinformatic analyses indicated increased activity of transcription factors involved in early myeloid lineage differentiation and proinflammatory effector function (PU.1, NF-κB, EGR1, MZF1, NRF2). Analysis of bone marrow hematopoiesis confirmed increased myelopoietic output of Ly-6chigh monocytes and Ly-6cintermediate granulocytes in mice subject to repeated social defeat, and these effects were blocked by pharmacologic antagonists of β-adrenoreceptors and the myelopoietic growth factor GM-CSF. These results suggest that sympathetic nervous system-induced up-regulation of myelopoiesis mediates the proinflammatory component of the leukocyte CTRA dynamic and may contribute to the increased risk of inflammation-related disease associated with adverse social conditions.
Association between job stress and occupational injuries among Korean firefighters: a nationwide cross-sectional study

Objective We aimed to assess the nature of association between job stress and occupational injuries among firefighters in Korea. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting We conducted a nationwide survey using self-reported questionnaires in South Korea. Participants A survey was conducted among 30 630 firefighters; 25 616 (83.6%) responded. Our study included firefighters who were 20–59 years old. Individuals with <12 months of current job experience and those with missing data were excluded; ultimately, 14 991 firefighters were analysed. Results Among fire suppression personnel, high job demands (OR=1.49, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.77), high interpersonal conflicts (OR=1.18, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.37), a poor organisational system (OR=1.33, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.55), and a negative workplace environment (OR=1.41, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.64) were associated with the occurrence of occupational injury; high job demands (OR=1.22, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.47) were also associated with the frequency of injuries. Among emergency medical services personnel, high job demands (OR=1.26, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.54), high interpersonal conflicts (OR=1.40, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.66), a poor organisational system (OR=1.55, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.85), lack of reward (OR=1.43, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.69) and a negative workplace environment (OR=1.30, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.54) were associated with the occurrence of occupational injury; low job control (OR=1.20, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.38), high interpersonal conflicts (OR=1.18, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.36), lack of reward (OR=1.17, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.35) and a negative workplace climate (OR=1.16, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.34) were also associated with a greater number of injuries. Among officers, high job demands (OR=1.96, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.85) and a negative workplace environment (OR=1.54, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.10) were associated with the occurrence of occupational injuries; however, there was no significant correlation between job stress and the number of injuries. Conclusions High job stress among firefighters was associated with both the occurrence of occupational injury, and also with an increased frequency of injuries. Therefore, job stress should be addressed to prevent occupational injuries among firefighters.
Quantitative assessment of optic nerve head morphology and retinal nerve fibre layer in non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy with optical coherence tomography and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoloscopy

Background/aims: To compare the optic disc parameters between patients with non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and normal controls, using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph III (HRT), and to evaluate the structure–function relationship in NAION eyes. Methods: Both eyes of 22 patients with typical unilateral NAION of ⩾6 months’ duration and 52 eyes from 52 randomly selected normal subjects underwent Humphrey visual field (HVF) examination and measurement of optic disc and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT). Results: For the NAION-affected eyes, NAION fellow eyes and normal controls, the ocular magnification-corrected OCT disc areas were respectively 1.849 (SD 0.343) mm2, 1.809 (0.285) mm2 and 1.964 (0.386) mm2; the cup areas were 0.246 (0.187) mm2, 0.172 (0.180) mm2 and 0.469 (0.332) mm2. On HRT, the disc areas were 2.11 (0.38) mm2, 2.06 (0.40) mm2 and 2.16 (0.42) mm2; and the cup areas were 0.28 (0.34) mm2, 0.25 (0.18) mm2 and 0.48 (0.32) mm2. On both OCT and HRT, the cup areas and cup–disc area ratios (CDAR) of both eyes of NAION patients were significantly smaller than controls (p⩽0.01), but the disc areas were not (p⩾0.21). There was a significant correlation between HVF mean deviation and OCT RNFLT (r = 0.44, p = 0.04) but not with HRT RNFLT (p = 0.30) in NAION-affected eyes. Conclusion: NAION patients have smaller optic cups and CDARs in both eyes compared with controls. A larger sample size is necessary to demonstrate if disc size affects the risk of developing NAION. The NAION-affected eyes’ OCT RNFLT correlated with HVF mean deviation but the HRT RNFLT did not.
Ten-year risk of dementia in subjects with mild cognitive impairment

Objective: To investigate the 10-year risk of dementia in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) ages 40 to 85 years. Methods: We selected subjects from a memory clinic if they met one of the following definitions of MCI: cognitive complaints (n = 181), aging-associated cognitive decline (AACD) (n = 163), mild functional impairment (n = 86), or amnestic MCI (n = 64). Subjects were reassessed after 2, 5, and 10 years. The risk of dementia was calculated with Kaplan-Meier statistics. Analyses were conducted in the entire sample and in subgroups of subjects aged 40 to 54 years, 55 to 69 years, and 70 to 85 years. Results: The 10-year risk of dementia was 0.27 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.34) in subjects with cognitive complaints, 0.28 (95% CI 0.21 to 0.35) in subjects with AACD, 0.44 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.56) in subjects with mild functional impairment, and 0.48 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.61) in subjects with amnestic MCI. Ninety-one percent of the demented subjects had probable AD. The risk of dementia increased with increasing age for all MCI definitions (p < 0.001). Depending on the MCI definition used, the risk for dementia ranged from 0 to 0.06 in subjects aged 40 to 54 years, from 0.37 to 0.52 in subjects aged 55 to 69 years, and from 0.77 to 1.0 in subjects aged 70 to 85 years. Conclusions: The majority of subjects with MCI do not progress to dementia at the long term. Age strongly influences the dementia risk. MCI often represents the predementia stage of a neurodegenerative disorder in elderly subjects but rarely in younger subjects.
Examining Self‐Presentational Exercise Motives and Social Physique Anxiety in Men and Women1

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-presentational exercise motives and social physique anxiety (SPA), and the secondary purpose was to examine if gender moderated the relationship between self-presentational exercise motives and SPA. Female (n = 320) and male (n = 154) undergraduate students completed the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS) and five subscales of the Exercise Motivation Inventory-2 conceptually linked to self-presentation. Correlational analyses revealed patterns of relationships between measures of self-presentational exercise motives and SPA. Regression analyses revealed that the interaction between weight management and gender was a positive predictor of SPA. Potential applications of the results and future research directions are discussed.
Patterns of relatedness in maltreated and nonmaltreated children: Connections among multiple representational models

Abstract This study examined children's reports of relatedness to multiple relationship figures in a population of low SES maltreated (N = 115) and nonmaltreated (N = 100) children, ranging in age from 7 to 13 years old. Relatedness scales were administered to children as part of individual interviews given in the context of a summer day camp. Consistent with prior normative research, it was found that the two dimensions of relatedness–emotional quality and psychological proximity-seeking–are negatively correlated with each other. Moreover, patterns of relatedness, based on the configuration of children's scores on both dimensions, reflect group differences, with maltreated children more likely to have confused patterns of relatedness and nonmaltreated children more likely to have optimal patterns. Connections were examined among children's self-reported feelings of relatedness for different relationship figures. Substantial concordance was found among the children's reports of relatedness with their mothers, their teachers, and their best friends. Evidence is presented to support the claim that children form both global and specific models of relationships. The findings are discussed in terms of attachment and self-system theory.
FGF-2- and TGF-β1-induced downregulation of lumican and keratocan in activated corneal keratocytes by JNK signaling pathway.

PURPOSE Downregulation of lumican and keratocan expression is an undesirable phenotypic change that occurs during corneal wound healing. The present study was intended to determine whether the activation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-signaling pathway is involved in their downregulation in TGF-β1- and FGF-2-activated keratocytes. METHODS Keratocytes, isolated from rabbit corneal stroma, and cultured in a serum-free medium, pretreated or not treated with JNK inhibitor (SP600125), were activated with FGF-2/heparin sulfate (HS) or TGF-β1 in the presence or absence of SP600125. In another set of experiments, keratocytes were transfected with JNK1/2 Dicer-substrate RNA (DsiRNA) and then activated with TGF-β1 or FGF-2/HS. Specific phenotypic changes were analyzed immunocytochemically and correlated with Western blot analyses. The relative levels of specific mRNAs were estimated by quantitative RT-PCR using specific reagents. RESULTS The FGF-2/HS- or TGF-β-induced activation of corneal stromal keratocytes to fibroblast- or myofibroblast-phenotype, respectively, resulted in marked decreases in cell surface-associated and secreted keratan sulfate proteoglycans (KSPGs). Both keratocan and lumican proteins and their mRNAs were downregulated in the activated keratocytes. However, JNK inhibition during the activation of keratocytes, pretreated with the JNK inhibitor, suppressed the reduction in the cell-surface associated and secreted KSPGs (lumican and keratocan), and their mRNA transcripts. Downregulation of total KSPGs and their mRNAs was also inhibited by decreasing JNK1 and JNK2 levels via JNK1/2 DsiRNA transfection of keratocytes before their activation. CONCLUSIONS Extrapolating from the present study, FGF-2- and TGF-β1-activation of JNK signaling pathway may be partly responsible for the downregulation of keratocan and lumican expression in activated corneal keratocytes observed during corneal stromal wound healing.
Software architecture for vehicle personal area networks

This paper discusses an innovative extension of a platform that integrates external intelligent environments into state-of-the-art vehicles. The platform is dedicated to automotive environments for sensor networks focusing on distribution along a personal area vehicle network. Since the platform infrastructure is currently limited and forms a non scalable process unit, an embedded OSGi-based UPnP platform extension is designed and implemented that registers devices and sensors located in a car network. This extension also supports service provisioning and connections to external and remote network services.
PiCPoT: a small satellite with educational goals

PicPot is a small satellite designed and built at Politecnico di Torino, as a cooperation between the Electronics and the Aerospace Departments. The goal of the project is mainly didactic: a real satellite is a good example of complex system, with specific constraints and requirements. Such a project makes possible to have students, in the final graduation work, going through the complete design and realization of a complex system. The satellite includes power handling, three cameras, UHF radio links, and all related service electronics. The on-board electronics used commercial devices (COTS), achieving reliability through redundancy. The paper is focused on the benefits achieved in engineering education by inclusion of aerospace system design in the curricula. A description of satellite architecture and some specific solution for on-board electronics are also described.
characteristics of mother-infant communicative interaction

The present article reports a study of communicative behaviour among mothers and infants who were grouped according to the ratings of sensitivity and co-operation, respectively. The participants were 27 Finnish-speaking mothers and their 10-month-old first-born infants (13 boys and 14 girls). The study is descriptive by nature, and the data were therefore treated in terms of descriptive parameters. According to the results, maternal sensitivity was associated with general activity in communication as well as the frequency of responses, while infant co-operation was associated with the frequency of intentional communicative acts. As for more detailed aspects of communicative style, for example, the use of different kinds of communicative means, only some slight associations were found between them and the ratings of sensitivity and co-operation. The dyadic nature of maternal sensitivity is emphasized in interpreting the findings.
How building physical models can reduce and guide the abstraction of nature

Animals detect and acquire resources through a sequence of shape changes. This process is tightly coupled to the sensory and mechanical ecology of the animal. Building physical models allow us to prescind from modeling these aspects of the environment, which may not yet be described or suitably abstracted. The significance of this hybrid of physical modeling and experimentation to the acquisition of scientific knowledge is discussed.
Checkpointing and its applications

The paper describes our experience with the implementation and applications of the Unix checkpointing library libckp, and identifies two concepts that have proven to be the key to making checkpointing a powerful tool. First, including all persistent states, i.e., user files, as part of the process state that can be checkpointed and recovered provides a truly transparent and consistent rollback. Second, excluding part of the persistent state from the process state allows user programs to process future inputs from a desirable state, which leads to interesting new applications of checkpointing. We use real-life examples to demonstrate the use of libckp for bypassing premature software exits, for fast initialization and for memory rejuvenation. <<ETX>>
Distributed processing of pain and vibration by the human brain

Pain is a diverse sensory and emotional experience that likely involves activation of numerous regions of the brain. Yet, many of these areas are also implicated in the processing of nonpainful somatosensory information. In order to better characterize the processing of pain within the human brain, activation produced by noxious stimuli was compared with that produced by robust innocuous stimuli. Painful heat (47–48 degrees C), nonpainful vibratory (110 Hz), and neutral control (34 degrees C) stimuli were applied to the left forearm of right-handed male subjects. Activation of regions within the diencephalon and telencephalon was evaluated by measuring regional cerebral blood flow using positron emission tomography (15O-water-bolus method). Painful stimulation produced contralateral activation in primary and secondary somatosensory cortices (SI and SII), anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula, the supplemental motor area of the frontal cortex, and thalamus. Vibrotactile stimulation produced activation in contralateral SI, and bilaterally in SII and posterior insular cortices. A direct comparison of pain and vibrotactile stimulation revealed that both stimuli produced activation in similar regions of SI and SII, regions long thought to be involved in basic somatosensory processing. In contrast, painful stimuli were significantly more effective in activating the anterior insula, a region heavily linked with both somatosensory and limbic systems. Such connections may provide one route through which nociceptive input may be integrated with memory in order to allow a full appreciation of the meaning and dangers of painful stimuli. These data reveal that pain-related activation, although predominantly contralateral in distribution, is more widely dispersed across both cortical and thalamic regions than that produced during innocuous vibrotactile stimulation. This distributed cerebral activation reflects the complex nature of pain, involving discriminative, affective, autonomic, and motoric components. Furthermore, the high degree of interconnectivity among activated regions may account for the difficulty of eliminating pathological pain with discrete CNS lesions.
A Survey of Power and Energy Predictive Models in HPC Systems and Applications

Power and energy efficiency are now critical concerns in extreme-scale high-performance scientific computing. Many extreme-scale computing systems today (for example: Top500) have tight integration of multicore CPU processors and accelerators (mix of Graphical Processing Units, Intel Xeon Phis, or Field Programmable Gate Arrays) empowering them to provide not just unprecedented computational power but also to address these concerns. However, such integration renders these systems highly heterogeneous and hierarchical, thereby necessitating design of novel performance, power, and energy models to accurately capture these inherent characteristics. There are now several extensive research efforts focusing exclusively on power and energy efficiency models and techniques for the processors composing these extreme-scale computing systems. This article synthesizes these research efforts with absolute concentration on predictive power and energy models and prime emphasis on node architecture. Through this survey, we also intend to highlight the shortcomings of these models to correctly and comprehensively predict the power and energy consumptions by taking into account the hierarchical and heterogeneous nature of these tightly integrated high-performance computing systems.
Sudden cardiac death: Prevalence, pathogenesis, and prevention

Sudden cardiac death (SCD), also known as sudden arrest, is a major health problem worldwide. It is usually defined as an unexpected death from a cardiac cause occurring within a short time in a person with or without preexisting heart disease. The pathogenesis of SCD is complex and multifaceted. A dynamic triggering factor usually interacts with an underlying heart disease, either genetically determined or acquired, and the final outcome is the development of lethal tachyarrhythmias or, less frequently, bradycardia. It has increasingly been highlighted that a reliable clinical and diagnostic approach might be effective to unmask the most important genetic and environmental factors, allowing the construction of a rational personalized medicine framework that can be applied in both the preclinical and clinical settings of SCD. The aim of the present article is to provide a concise overview of prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and diagnostic approach to this challenging disorder.
What Is the Relationship Between Myocardial Perfusion Imaging and Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors and Markers of Inflammation?

The treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD) is clinically measured by monitoring changes in venous lipids and inflammatory markers. There is currently no established quantified relationship between coronary flow reserve and markers of inflammatory CAD. A total of 120 men and women underwent quantified measurement of coronary blood flow using SPECT imaging at baseline and 1 year later. They had fasting venous blood work obtained at baseline and 1 year later. These markers of lipids and inflammation included, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein-a, homocysteine, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6. Regression analysis reveals no general statistical relationship between these markers and coronary blood flow as measured by myocardial perfusion imaging. However, when changes in indices are considered and changes in risk factors are compared with changes in ischemia, blood factor based estimates yield an adjusted R 2 = 0.31, R = 0.57, P < . 0001. Initial levels of coronary ischemia cannot be diagnostically inferred from baseline values in lipid and inflammatory markers of coronary artery disease. When change in coronary blood flow is quantified using SPECT imaging, 6 independent underlying blood factors provided statistically useful information in identifying changes in coronary blood flow. Although the relationship of changes is statistically significant ( P < .0001), quantification of coronary blood flow by SPECT imaging provides physiologic status information, which cannot be inferred from fasting markers of lipids and inflammation status.