Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review of Instruments Measuring Nurse‐Physician Collaboration

Objective To review instruments used to measure nurse-physician collaboration and compare the strengths and potential opportunities of each instrument. Background Nurse-physician collaboration has been studied using a variety of instruments. The ability to generalize the outcomes of studies and build on the findings is predicated on acceptable validity and reliability metrics of these instruments. Methods A literature search using PubMed® and Health and Psychological Instruments databases was conducted for articles published between 1990 and May 2004 to identify instruments measuring staff nurse–physician collaboration. After the instruments were identified, a second search was conducted to identify at least one peer-reviewed article describing the psychometrics of the instrument. Articles identified were then entered into the ISI Web of Science® Citation Index to identify the instruments that had been used in at least 2 other studies. These selected instruments were then reviewed for the following information: background for the development of the tool, description of the tool, initial psychometric testing, and strengths and potential applications for each instrument. Results Five instruments met study criteria: the Collaborative Practice Scale, Collaboration and Satisfaction About Care Decisions, ICU Nurse-Physician Questionnaire, Nurses Opinion Questionnaire, and the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician Nurse Collaboration. Conclusions The identified instruments have undergone initial reliability and validity testing and are recommended for future research on nurse-physician collaboration.
Transnational security issues in the Asian maritime environment: responding to maritime piracy

Asian waters are geographically positioned as a lifeline for international maritime trade and commerce. Individual coastal state maritime interests aside, there is a legitimate international interest in ensuring international straits are safe for the vast volumes of merchant shipping transiting the region each day. The willingness of states external to the Asian region to become involved when maritime stability is threatened is well illustrated through an examination of the incidence of maritime piracy. The fact that the Asian states, particularly Indonesia and Malaysia, bristled at the principally Western interest in seeking enhanced maritime security indicates that at least in this instance, regional cooperation was driven more by a desire to keep Western powers out than a desire to work with neighbouring governments. This article examines the pattern of piracy and the regional initiatives which have been successful in reducing the number of reported incidents. It concludes that not only are effective regional responses to transnational security issues such as maritime piracy and illegal fishing in Asia unlikely, in the absence of intervention from the international community, but that states with sovereign interests at stake in the issue prevent the kind of broader international interest and participation needed to compel more cooperative regional action.
Intracellular and extracellular acid-base status as a function of temperature in the freshwater channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus.

The relationship between acid-base status and temperature was studied in the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. The change in blood pH with temperature had a slope of -0.0132/degrees C and involved both a decrease in total CO2 at higher temperatures, and a significant rise in arterial PCO2. The acid-base changes in the intracellular compartment were similar to those in the blood, except that for red and white muscle the slope of the change in pH with temperature had a slightly higher value (-0.0185 and -0.0147, respectively), and for heart muscle it had a smaller value (-0.0117). The net whole-body excretion of acid or base in response to temperature change was relatively small: 0.40 m-mole . kg-1 net OH- was excreted in response to an increase from 22 to 31 degrees C, and 0.31 m-mole . kg-1 net H+ was excreted in response to change from 25 to 15 degrees C. In both cases approximately half was excreted renally and half branchially. Using information on the volumes and buffer capacities of the various body fluid compartments as well as the information above, the ratio of imidazole to phosphate intracellular buffers was calculated to be 5.1 to 1. The amount of intercompartmental (active) transfer required to make temperature adjustments is strongly dependent on the buffer ratio, and on the PCO2. Without the observed changes in PCO2 with temperature, the transfer requirement would have been 3 to 4 times larger.
Housing, Home and Neighbourhood Renewal in the Era of Superdiversity: Some Lessons from the West Midlands

Following two decades of new migration, the EU is now home to the most diverse population ever. Much new migration has occurred into superdiverse escalator areas already experiencing high levels of deprivation. In the UK, housing market renewal areas (HMRA) had a particular challenge to address housing market failure and the high population turnover often associated with new migration while meeting the needs of established residents. Lack of knowledge about the diverse housing needs of residents risked hampering renewal efforts. This paper uses qualitative data collected from a superdiverse sample of settled and new residents located in the Urban Living HMRA in the West Midlands to examine the ways in which they conceptualise home. The paper argues that understanding the ways in which diverse residents conceptualise home and home making, offers potential for policymakers to understand how residents' needs can be met.
From centriole biogenesis to cellular function: Centrioles are essential for cell division at critical developmental stages

Centrioles are essential for the formation of cilia, flagella and centrosome organization. Abnormalities in centrosome structure and number in many cancers can be associated with aberrant cell division and genomic instability.1,2 Canonical centriole duplication occurs in coordination with the cell division cycle, such that a single new “daughter” centriole arises next to each “mother” centriole. If destroyed, or eliminated during development, centrioles can form de novo.3-5 Here we discuss our recent data demonstrating a molecular pathway that operates in both de novo and canonical centriole biogenesis involving SAK/PLK4, SAS-6 and SAS-4.6 We showed that centriole biogenesis is a self-assembly process locally triggered by high SAK/PLK4 activity that may or not be associated with an existing centriole. SAS-6 acts downstream of SAK/PLK4 to organize nine precentriolar units, which we call here enatosomes, fitting together laterally and longitudinally, specifying a tube-like centriole precursor.7,8 The identification of mutants impaired in centriole biogenesis has permitted the study of the physiological consequences of their absence in the whole organism. In Drosophila, centrioles are not necessary for somatic cell divisions.9,10 However, we show here that mitotic abnormalities arise in syncytial SAK/PLK4-derived mutant embryos resulting in lethality. Moreover male meiosis fails in both SAK/PLK4 and DSAS-4 mutant spermatids that have no centrioles. These results show diversity in the need for centrioles in cell division. This suggests that tissue specific constraints selected for different contributions of centrosome-independent and dependent mechanisms in spindle function. This heterogeneity should be taken into account both in reaching an understanding of spindle function and when designing drugs that target cell division.
Recent Status and Progress on HTS Cables for AC and DC Power Transmission in Korea

The direction of the development of large-scale electric power networks has very much coincided with the history of increasing voltage values ever since the advent of Joule heat loss. However, a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) technology has changed the direction of that history. Furthermore, the HTS technology will rapidly accelerate the speed of such change due to its extremely high current density with no Joule heat loss. For these reasons, many different types of HTS electric power transmission applications have been being discussed, and selected items have been developed. Within a few decades, the technology of HTS ac and dc power transmission applications had already been developed and close to the required level for industrialization. Moreover, some of these applications have been installed, energized, and are operating within real power networks. In this paper, we report on the current status and progress in HTS applications of ac and dc power transmission. In particular, this paper focuses on the application field of superconducting cable among various HTS power applications. In South Korea, the Korea Electric Power Corporation, Naju, aims to introduce more new technologies in order to develop the Korean power network, and it believes that an HTS is a key factor in the development of the next generation of power grid, which will be discussed in detail in this paper.
In Praise of Belief Bases: Doing Epistemic Logic Without Possible Worlds

We introduce a new semantics for a logic of explicit and implicit beliefs based on the concept of multi-agent belief base. Differently from existing Kripke-style semantics for epistemic logic in which the notions of possible world and doxastic/epistemic alternative are primitive, in our semantics they are non-primitive but are defined from the concept of belief base. We provide a complete axiomatization and a decidability result for our logic.
Competing Institutional Logics in the Biopharmaceutical Industry: The Move Away from the Small Molecules Therapies Model in the Post‐Genomic Era

The concept of institutional logics has been introduced as the totality of beliefs and assumptions guiding actors in a specific institutional field. While an institutional logic provides actors with guidance for action and an integrated worldview, it is possible for two or more institutional logics to coexist, even over longer periods of time. This study demonstrates how actors in the biopharmaceutical industry are conceiving of a shift from the incumbent small molecules/one target model for new drug development, predominant in the pharmaceutical industry during the post‐World War period, to a more complex model where both genomic and post‐genomic research methods and new forms of in silico biocomputation methods are constituting a new drug development regime where biological entities such as stem cells, biologics (larger molecules such as vaccines) and antibodies play a role in the new therapies. The study concludes (1) that institutional logics are never devoid of struggle and controversy and must be understood as outcomes of complex social processes, and (2) that linear periodizations of the life sciences into, for example, ‘traditional’, ‘genomic’ and ‘post‐genomic’ eras impose an overly simplistic image of how new drug development is organized and technologically embedded in the contemporary period.
School-age hearing screening: identification of hearing impairments in first grade students

PURPOSE: to characterize the audiological profile of first grade students from municipal elementary schools in Caxias do Sul (RS), Brazil, using electroacoustic measures to investigate and identify the occurrence of hearing impairments in this population. METHODS: prospective descriptive quantitative cross-sectional study of 391 first grade students from municipal elementary schools in Caxias do Sul (RS), Brazil. Students were submitted to four audiological procedures for the hearing screening: meatoscopy, Transient Evoked Otoacustic Emissions, Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions, and tympanometry. Furthermore, caregivers answered a questionnaire regarding each child's development and otologic history. The students who presented hearing deficits on the hearing screening were referred for otorhinolaryngological and/or complete audiological evaluation. RESULTS: from the 782 ears evaluated, 85.4% presented normal results, and 14.6% showed alterations. In the meatoscopy, 6.3% of the ears showed alterations, while 94.8% passed the Transient Evoked Otoacustic Emissions and 95.8%, the Product-Distortion Otoacoustic Emissions. The tympanometry showed predominance of type A curves, followed by type C. Referrals were made for 14.6% of the students. CONCLUSION: the sample of this study was composed mostly by male school-age children with six years of age. From the 782 ears evaluated, 85.4% had normal results on the screening, and 14.6% showed alterations.
Integrating Materials Engineering and Design for Fusion

Fusion demonstration (DEMO) concepts are facing challenges in safety and licensing in part due to uncertainties with in-vessel components validation, which relate directly to the materials and design criteria used for assessments. These challenges come from the designed operation under unprecedented operational conditions and reliance on the performance of complex in-vessel components over time spans of years. There are key differences in the structural integrity requirements and associated design criteria for DEMOs and future fusion reactors compared to existing nuclear systems. In this paper, we highlight the justification behind developing DEMO and fusion-specific design criteria by overviewing key shortfalls in existing design codes. Importantly, the key current approaches being undertaken within the EU are described including the development of elastoplastic design rules, evaluation of probabilistic assessments, and multiscale modeling of fusion irradiation effects on materials. Finally, thoughts on potential internationalization of new fusion-specific design codes are postulated.
Temporal Bone Imaging

Abstract Temporal bone imaging is performed for a variety of clinical conditions addressed in the outpatient and acute care setting ranging from hearing loss to trauma. Recent advances in magnetic resonance technology have enhanced the assessment of fine anatomic temporal bone detail and improved the diagnostic sensitivity for important pathology. For example, non–echo planar diffusion weighted imaging increases detection rate and diagnostic confidence of recurrent cholesteatoma. This chapter will focus on relevant temporal bone clinical entities and new MR developments that have come into clinical practice.
H1 Linker Histones Are Essential for Mouse Development and Affect Nucleosome Spacing In Vivo

ABSTRACT Most eukaryotic cells contain nearly equimolar amounts of nucleosomes and H1 linker histones. Despite their abundance and the potential functional specialization of H1 subtypes in multicellular organisms, gene inactivation studies have failed to reveal essential functions for linker histones in vivo. Moreover, in vitro studies suggest that H1 subtypes may not be absolutely required for assembly of chromosomes or nuclei. By sequentially inactivating the genes for three mouse H1 subtypes (H1c, H1d, and H1e), we showed that linker histones are essential for mammalian development. Embryos lacking the three H1 subtypes die by mid-gestation with a broad range of defects. Triple-H1-null embryos have about 50% of the normal ratio of H1 to nucleosomes. Mice null for five of these six H1 alleles are viable but are underrepresented in litters and are much smaller than their littermates. Marked reductions in H1 content were found in certain tissues of these mice and in another compound H1 mutant. These results demonstrate that the total amount of H1 is crucial for proper embryonic development. Extensive reduction of H1 in certain tissues did not lead to changes in nuclear size, but it did result in global shortening of the spacing between nucleosomes.
Unlicensed pharmaceutical preparations for clinical patient care: Ensuring safety

Most medicinal products dispensed to patients have marketing authorization (MA) to ensure high quality of the product, safety, and efficacy. However, in daily practice, to treat patients adequately, there is a medical need for drugs that do not hold MA. To meet this medical need, medicinal products are used in clinical care without MA (unlicensed), such as products prepared by (local) pharmacies: the pharmaceutical preparations. Three types of pharmaceutical preparations are distinguished: (i) reconstitution in excess of summary of product characteristics; (ii) adaptation of a licensed medicinal product (outside its official labeling); (iii) medicinal products from an active pharmaceutical ingredient. Although unlicensed, patients may expect the same quality for these unlicensed pharmaceutical preparations as for the licensed medicinal products. To assure this quality, a proper risk‐benefit assessment and proper documentation in (centralized) patient registries and linking to a national pharmacovigilance database should be in place. Based on a risk assessment matrix, requirements for quality assurance can be determined, which has impact on the level of documentation of a pharmaceutical preparation.
Legitimate Diversity: the New Challenge of European Integration

European public policy has succeeded in its economic goals of integrating theinternal market and creating the monetary union. But it is now confronted with criticalchallenges which cannot be effectively resolved within the Union’s present governingmodes. While these governing modes differ from one another, they share two essentialrequirements: effective European policy depends on high levels of consensus amongmember governments, and it must, at least in principle, provide for uniform rules acrossall member states. By and large, these requirements could be simultaneously satisfied inthe policy processes that brought about economic integration. That is no longer true ofthe present set of new challenges — among which I have discussed the need for rapidpeace-keeping and peace-making interventions in conflicts affecting common Europeansecurity, the need to facilitate the economic, social and political development of accessionstates in Central and Eastern Europe, and the need for protecting the plurality ofEuropean social models against the constraints and pressures of integrated markets. Ineach of these areas, I have tried to show, the dual conditions of broad consensus anduniform policy cannot be satisfied at the same time.
Minimal Solvers for Monocular Rolling Shutter Compensation Under Ackermann Motion

Modern automotive vehicles are often equipped with a budget commercial rolling shutter camera. These devices often produce distorted images due to the inter-row delay of the camera while capturing the image. Recent methods for monocular rolling shutter motion compensation utilize blur kernel and the straightness property of line segments. However, these methods are limited to handling rotational motion and also are not fast enough to operate in real time. In this paper, we propose a minimal solver for the rolling shutter motion compensation which assumes known vertical direction of the camera. Thanks to the Ackermann motion model of vehicles which consists of only two motion parameters, and two parameters for the simplified depth assumption that lead to a 4-line algorithm. The proposed minimal solver estimates the rolling shutter camera motion efficiently and accurately. The extensive experiments on real and simulated datasets demonstrate the benefits of our approach in terms of qualitative and quantitative results.
Molecular basis of thyrotropin and thyroid hormone action during implantation and early development.

BACKGROUND Implantation and early embryo development are finely regulated processes in which several molecules are involved. Evidence that thyroid hormones (TH: T4 and T3) might be part of this machinery is emerging. An increased demand for TH occurs during gestation, and any alteration in maternal thyroid physiology has significant implications for both maternal and fetal health. Not only overt but also subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with infertility as well as with obstetric complications, including disruptions and disorders of pregnancy, labor, delivery, and troubles in early neonatal life. METHODS We searched the PubMed and Google Scholar databases for articles related to TH action on ovary, endometrium, trophoblast maturation and embryo implantation. In addition, articles on the regulation of TH activity at cellular level have been reviewed. The findings are hereby summarized and critically discussed. RESULTS TH have been shown to influence endometrial, ovarian and placental physiology. TH receptors (TR) and thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone: TSH) receptors (TSHR) are widely expressed in the feto-maternal unit during implantation, and both the endometrium and the trophoblast might be influenced by TH either directly or through TH effects on the synthesis and activity of implantation-mediating molecules. Interestingly, due to the multiplicity of mechanisms involved in TH action (e.g. differential expression of TR isoforms, heterodimeric receptor partners, interacting cellular proteins, and regulating enzymes), the TH concentration in blood is not always predictive of their cellular availability and activity at both genomic and nongenomic level. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the known role of TH on the hormonal milieu of the ovarian follicle cycle, which is essential for a woman's fertility, evidence is emerging on the importance of TH signaling during implantation and early pregnancy. Based on recent observations, a local action of TH on female reproductive organs and the embryo during implantation appears to be crucial for a successful pregnancy. Furthermore, an imbalance in the spatio-temporal expression of factors involved in TH activity might induce early arrest of pregnancy in women considered as euthyroid, based on their hormonal blood concentration. In conclusion, alterations of the highly regulated local activity of TH may play a crucial, previously underestimated, role in early pregnancy and pregnancy loss. Further studies elucidating this topic should be encouraged.
Transiting Planets in the Galactic Bulge from SWEEPS Survey and Implications

Abstract The SWEEPS (Sagittarius Window Eclipsing Extrasolar Planet Search) program was aimed at detecting planets around stars in the Galactic bulge, not only to determine their physical properties, but also to determine whether the properties of planets found in the solar neighborhood, such as their frequency and the metallicity dependence, also hold for the planets in the Galactic bulge. We used the Hubble Space Telescope to monitor 180,000 F, G, K, and M dwarfs in the Galactic bulge continuously for 7 days in order to look for transiting planets. We discovered 16 candidate transiting extrasolar planets with periods of 0.6 to 4.2 days, including a possible new class of ultra-short period planets (USPPs) with P < 1 day. The facts that (i) the coverage in the monitoring program is continuous, (ii) most of the stars are at a known distance (in the Galctic bulge), (iii) monitoring was carried out in 2 passbands, and (iv) the images have high spatial resolution, were crucial in minimizing and estimating the false positive rates. We estimate that at least 45% of the candidates are genuine planets. Radial velocity observations of the two brightest host stars further support the planetary nature of the transiting companions. These results suggest that the planet frequency in the Galactic bulge is similar to that in the solar neighborhood. They also suggest that higher metallicity favors planet formation even in the Galactic bulge. The USPPs occur only around low-mass stars which may suggest that close-in planets around higher-mass stars are irradiately evaporated, or that planets are able to migrate to and survive in close-in orbits only around such old and low-mass stars.