Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coexistence scheme of licensed-assisted access using long-term evolution and wireless local area network for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks have continuously evolved to provide better services and satisfy user demands. Through this, the number of wireless sensors and the amount of mobile traffic are exponentially growing every year. Long-term evolution technology can effectively resolve the problems caused by traffic growth; however, there are still limitations. Licensed-assisted access using long-term evolution technology has greatly improved the performance of existing long-term evolution heterogeneous networks with carrier aggregation. However, the existing wireless local area network sensor nodes remain a challenge. The licensed-assisted access using long-term evolution access point should efficiently handle the problem of monopolizing spectrum resources used by existing wireless local area network sensor nodes. In this article, we investigate an optimized time slot allocation technique for the coexistence of wireless local area network and licensed-assisted access using long-term evolution sensor nodes. In order to maximize the throughput of each wireless local area network and licensed-assisted access using long-term evolution sensor node in the proposed algorithm, we designed an objective function based on the number of wireless local area network/licensed-assisted access using long-term evolution sensor nodes and the queue size of each sensor, after which we developed the optimal parameters using Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions. Through extensive simulations, we show that the proposed scheme can significantly outperform the other existing techniques with respect to the throughput, channel utilization, delay, and transmission fairness.
Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Dairy Cattle in the Northeast of China: Genetic Diversity of ITS Gene and Evaluation of Zoonotic Transmission Potential

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most frequently diagnosed microsporidian species in humans. It has been found in a wide range of animals and is considered an important zoonotic pathogen. To date, little information is available on the role that cattle play in the epidemiology of human microsporidiosis caused by E. bieneusi in China. In this study, 133 fecal specimens from dairy cattle were collected in Heilongjiang Province, China. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was identified and genotyped by nested PCR analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene, with 30.1% positive. Nine ITS genotypes were identified: six known genotypes—O (n = 26), EbpA (n = 2), I (n = 2), J (n = 2), D (n = 1) and BEB4 (n = 1)—and three novel genotypes named as CC‐I to CC‐III (two each). Genotype O was identified in cattle for the first time. The observation of all the six known genotypes here reported previously in humans, and also the fact of all the three novel genotypes (CHN‐DC1 to CHN‐DC3) falling into zoonotic group 1, indicate the possibility of cattle in the transmission of E. bieneusi to humans.
Schistosomiasis from S. mansoni in mice: the relationship between acquired immunity and serum levels of lethal antibody

Acquired immunity to Schistosoma mansoni induced by a primary infection with cercariae of one or both sexes was assessed in mice by the recovery of parasites of a challenge infection from the lungs or the liver. In addition, the antibody‐dependent complement‐mediated cytotoxicity against schistosomula in vitro was titrated in sera obtained from both groups of animals. The degree of immunity as detected by the lung recovery technique in mice infected with a mixture of male and female cercariae was variable and lower than 50%. In contrast, no immunity was observed in the group of animals infected with 40 ‘single‐sex’cercariae. The titre of lethal antibody in a pool of sera from these animals was about 10, whereas it was about 640 in a pool of sera from bisexually infected animals. Lethal antibody titres ranged from 20 to 120 for unisexual infection and 240 to 1920 for bisexually infected mice. In some cases a significant degree of immunity was detected by liver perfusion in mice with a primary unisexual infection. However, the lethal antibody titre of sera from mice with a 'single‐sex’infection remained low, even when the immunity was apparent.
α,β‐Dehydrophenylalanine containing cecropin–melittin hybrid peptides: conformation and activity

Synthesis and conformational studies of a cecropin–melittin hybrid pentadecapeptide CA(1–7)MEL(2–9), and its three α, β‐dehydrophenylalanine (ΔPhe) containing analogs in water‐TFE mixtures are described. ΔPhe is placed at strategic positions in order to preserve the amphipathicity of the molecule. The wild type CAMEL0 and its three analogs, containing one, two and three ΔPhe residues namely CAMELΔPhe1, CAMELΔPhe2 and CAMELΔPhe3 respectively were synthesized in solid phase and their conformation determined by CD and NMR. CAMELΔPhe2 and CAMELΔPhe3 peptides exhibit the presence of 310‐helix and β‐turns in the former and only turns in the latter. CAMELΔPhe1 peptide was found to have a largely extended conformation. Antibacterial and hemolytic activities of the peptides were also evaluated. CAMELΔPhe2 peptide is maximally potent against both Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 259230 and Escherichia coli ATCC 11303. CAMELΔPhe1 with a single ΔPhe at the center shows minimal hemolysis. Copyright © 2007 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On low-complexity full-diversity detection of multi-user space-time coding

The incorporation of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) schemes in recent wireless communication standards paved the way to exploit the newly introduced dimension (i.e. space) to efficiently cancel the interference without requiring additional resources. In this paper, we focus on multiple input multiple ouitput (MIMO) multiple access channel (MAC) case and we answer the question about whether it is possible to suppress the interference in a MIMO MAC channel for completely blind users while achieving full-diversity with a simplified decoder in the affirmative. In fact, this goal can be attained by employing space-time block codes (STBC)s that achive full-diversity under partial interference cancellation (PIC). We derive sufficient conditions for a wide range of STBCs to achieve full-diversity under PIC group decoding with or without successive interference cancellation (SIC). Based on the provided design criteria we derive an upper-bound on the achievable rate for a class of codes. A two-user MIMO MAC interference cancellation scheme is presented and proved to achieve full-diversity under PIC group decoding. We compare our scheme to existing beamforming schemes with full or limit feedback.
Sex work and the public health impacts of the 2010 Olympic Games

Objectives The authors examined the impact of exposure to the 2010 Winter Olympics time period on outcomes measuring disruption of local sex work environments in Vancouver, Canada. Methods The authors conducted a before-and-after study, using multivariable logistic regression, to assess the relationship between exposure to the Olympics period (19 January–14 March 2010) versus the post-Olympics period (1 April–1 July 2010) and outcomes. Results This study included 207 youth (14+ years) and adult sex workers (SWs) (Olympics: n=107; post-Olympics: n=100). SWs in the two periods were statistically similar, with an overall median age of 33 years (IQR: 28–40), and 106 (51.2%) of indigenous ancestry or ethnic minority. In separate multivariable logistic regression models, the Olympics period remained statistically significantly associated with perceived heightened police harassment of SWs without arrest (adjusted ORs (AOR): 3.95, 95% CIs 1.92 to 8.14), decreased availability of clients (AOR: 1.97, 95% CIs 1.11 to 3.48) and increased difficulty meeting clients due to road closures/construction (AOR: 7.68, 95% CIs 2.46 to 23.98). There were no significantly increased odds in perceived reports of new (0.999), youth (0.536) or trafficked SWs (zero reports) in the Olympic period. Conclusions To reduce potential adverse public health impacts of enhanced police harassment and displacement of local sex work markets, results suggest that evidence-based public health strategies need to be adopted for host cities of future events (eg, the London 2012 Olympic Games), such as the removal of criminal sanctions targeting sex work and the piloting and rigorous evaluation of safer indoor work spaces.
The Drosophila Claudin Kune-kune Is Required for Septate Junction Organization and Tracheal Tube Size Control

The vertebrate tight junction is a critical claudin-based cell–cell junction that functions to prevent free paracellular diffusion between epithelial cells. In Drosophila, this barrier is provided by the septate junction, which, despite being ultrastructurally distinct from the vertebrate tight junction, also contains the claudin-family proteins Megatrachea and Sinuous. Here we identify a third Drosophila claudin, Kune-kune, that localizes to septate junctions and is required for junction organization and paracellular barrier function, but not for apical-basal polarity. In the tracheal system, septate junctions have a barrier-independent function that promotes lumenal secretion of Vermiform and Serpentine, extracellular matrix modifier proteins that are required to restrict tube length. As with Sinuous and Megatrachea, loss of Kune-kune prevents this secretion and results in overly elongated tubes. Embryos lacking all three characterized claudins have tracheal phenotypes similar to any single mutant, indicating that these claudins act in the same pathway controlling tracheal tube length. However, we find that there are distinct requirements for these claudins in epithelial septate junction formation. Megatrachea is predominantly required for correct localization of septate junction components, while Sinuous is predominantly required for maintaining normal levels of septate junction proteins. Kune-kune is required for both localization and levels. Double- and triple-mutant combinations of Sinuous and Megatrachea with Kune-kune resemble the Kune-kune single mutant, suggesting that Kune-kune has a more central role in septate junction formation than either Sinuous or Megatrachea.
M2M Encountering: Collaborative Localization via Instant Inter-Particle Filter Data Fusion

Much research has addressed indoor localization by integrating portable/wearable sensing and communication technologies. While GPS has dominated the outdoor environments, indoor localization schemes have to consider different observations, such as radio-frequency signals, vision or motions data, and apply data fusion to combine various sensor inputs. In this paper, we observe that when two devices meet up, which we call machine-to-machine (M2M) encountering, they can collaboratively calibrate each other's potential locations via M2M communications. We apply this technique to particle filter (PF), a common fusion technique, and show how to take the M2M encountering opportunities, which may happen frequently in crowded areas, to allow user devices to collaboratively calibrate their locations. Hence, the PF technique, which normally fuses observations from individual devices, is extended to an inter-PF, cross-device domain. We validate our inter-PF solution by simulations as well as a prototype system with smartphones and ZigBee infrastructure deployed in an office building. It is verified that the inter-PF helps converge the positioning results more rapidly, and improves location quality. Also, the proposed encountering mechanism has potential to be applied to other localization algorithms to improve their accuracy.
Strategies to achieve fit in implant prosthodontics: a review of the literature.

PURPOSE This paper reviews the literature on advanced strategies that attempt to improve fit in implant prosthodontics with reference to the concept of the "distortion equation. " MATERIALS AND METHODS The majority of the articles reviewed were either clinical or technique articles that advocated strategies to improve fit in implant prosthodontics. A limited number of retrospective and prospective clinical trial studies were included as they related to the topic. Reviewed articles were limited to those that addressed advanced strategies to improve fit. All of the scientific studies included in this review used an in vitro experimental design. The advanced strategies were categorized into methods that address intraoral indexing and methods that use the implant master cast. RESULTS Relatively few methods have been scientifically proven to improve fit in implant prosthodontics. Most of the tested strategies still resulted in a slight misfit of the frameworks to the implant abutments/analogues. CONCLUSION Multiple factors preclude that the concept of "passive fit" can be achieved in implant prosthodontics, even with the use of advanced strategies. The use of meticulous, accurate implant prosthodontic procedures and the appropriate use of advanced strategies continue to be the recommended means of achieving precise fit of the implant prosthesis to the intraoral abutments.
International Review of Economics and Finance

Available online xxxx We explain stable growth performance in democracies by characterizing political systems in terms of the distribution of political power across groups, and show when the qualities of policy alternatives are uncertain, greater democracy (decentralization of authority) leads to more stable policy choices. We empirically test this mechanism by creating measures of the intertemporal variability in fiscal and trade policies. In an array of specifications (cross-sectional, panel with fixed-effects, matching models, instrumental variables, difference-in-difference), we show that policy choices are significantly more stable over time in democracies. This mechanism explains a large part of the negative link between democracy and output volatility.
Response to First AED

Effectiveness of First Antiepileptic Drug Kwan P, Brodie MJ Epilepsia 2001;42:1255–1260 Purpose To investigate the interaction among efficacy, tolerability, and overall effectiveness of the first antiepileptic drug (AED) in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy. Methods The 470 patients were diagnosed, treated and followed up from January 1984 at a single center. Outcome was classified as seizure freedom for at least the last year or failure of initial treatment because of inadequate seizure control, adverse events, or for other reasons. Results Overall, 47% of patients became seizure free with the first prescribed AED. A higher proportion (p = 0.025) of patients with symptomatic or cryptogenic epilepsy changed treatment because of intolerable side effects (17%), and a lower proportion (p = 0.007) became seizure free (43.5%) compared with those with idiopathic epilepsy (8.5 and 58%, respectively). Most patients (83%) received carbamazepine (CBZ; n = 212), sodium valproate (VPA; n = 101), or lamotrigine (LTG; n = 78). The majority of seizure-free patients required only a moderate daily AED dose (93.1% with ≤800 mg CBZ, 91.3% with ≤1,500 mg VPA, 93.8% with ≤300 mg LTG), with commonest dose ranges being 400–600 mg for CBZ, 600–1,000 mg for VPA, and 125–200 mg for LTG. Most discontinuations due to poor tolerability also occurred at or below these dose levels (CBZ, 98%; VPA, 100%; LTG, 75%). Patients taking CBZ (27%) had a higher incidence of adverse events necessitating a change of treatment than did those treated with VPA (13%) or LTG (10%), resulting in fewer becoming seizure free (CBZ vs. VPA, p = 0.02; CBZ vs. LTG, p = 0.002). Conclusions Nearly 50% of newly diagnosed patients became seizure free with the first-ever AED, with >90% doing so at moderate or even modest dosing. Tolerability was as important as efficacy in determining overall effectiveness.
Effects of Policy-Related Variables on Traffic Fatalities: An Extreme Bounds Analysis Using Time-Series Data*

The determinants of automobile-related fatalities have been of great interest among economists, statisticians and government officials lately. Statistical models and techniques of various degrees of sophistication have been employed to evaluate the potential contributing effects of a host of socioeconomic and policy-related variables on motor vehicle fatality rates. ' Loeb [17; 18; 19; 20], Loeb and Gilad [21], Fuchs and Leveson [10] and Crain [5] evaluated the impact of motor vehicle inspection on fatality rates. The Loeb and Loeb and Gilad studies found inspection to have a significant impact on reducing various measures of fatalities as measured by the significance and stability of the coefficient associated with the inspection variable across various specifications. Furthermore, both Crain and Fuchs and Leveson also found some support for the effectiveness of inspection, although Crain does not favor inspection. More recently, Keeler [12] found inspection to be effective in reducing fatalities in 1970 but not in 1980. The effect of raising the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) was evaluated by Cook and Tauchen [4], Asch and Levy [1; 2] and Loeb [19]. Cook and Tauchen found that reducing the MLDA resulted in an increase of fatality rates among youthful drivers. Asch and Levy, as well as Loeb, found the effect of the MLDA on fatality rates either smaller or less significant than reported by others.2 In general, alcohol consumption has been found to have the expected effect on fatality rates, i.e., higher alcohol consumption is associated with higher fatality rates [19; 26]. Interestingly, Fowles and Loeb [8] found an interactive effect of altitude and alcohol on traffic-fatality rates.
Residential appliance identification and future usage prediction from smart meter

Energy management for residential homes and/or offices requires both identification and prediction of the future usages or service requests of different appliances present in the buildings. The aim of this work is to identify residential appliances from aggregate reading at the smart meter and to predict their states in order to minimize their energy consumption. For this purpose, our work is divided in two distinct modules: Appliance identification and future usage prediction. Both identification and prediction are based on multi-label learners which takes inter-appliance co-relation into account. The first part of the paper concerns the identification of electrical appliance usages from the smart meter monitoring. The main objective is to be able to identify individual loads from the aggregate power consumption in a non-intrusive manner. In this work, high energy consuming appliances are identified at 1-hour sampling rate using novel set of meta-features for this domain. The second part of the paper concerns future usage prediction. A comparison of algorithms for future appliance usage prediction using identification and direct consumption reading is presented. This work is based on a real residential dataset, called IRISE: 100 houses monitored every 10 minutes to one hour during one year (including weather informations).
Force Distribution for Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Advances in technology have led to the creation of many nano-scale devices and carbon nanotubes are representative materials to construct these devices. Double-walled carbon nanotubes with the inner tube oscillating can be used as gigahertz oscillators and form the basis of possible nano-electronic devices. Such gigahertz oscillating devices made from carbon nanotubes might be instrumental in the micro-computer industry, which is predominantly based on electron transport phenomena. There are many experiments and molecular dynamics simulations which show that a wave is generated on the outer cylinder by the oscillation of the carbon nanotubes and that the frequency of this wave is also in the gigahertz range. However, conventional applied mathematical modelling techniques are generally lacking. In order to analyse and model such devices, it is necessary to estimate accurately the resultant force distribution due to the inter-atomic interactions. Here, we find the van der Waals force using the Lennard-Jones potential to calculate the oscillation frequency using Newton's second law for double-walled carbon nanotubes of any length of the inner and the outer tubes, 2L1 and 2L2, respectively. These results are based on work by the present authors derived in (Baowan and Hill).
Biofilm formation by bacteria isolated from upper respiratory tract before and after adenotonsillectomy

Drago L, De Vecchi E, Torretta S, Mattina R, Marchisio P, Pignataro L. Biofilm formation by bacteria isolated from upper respiratory tract before and after adenotonsillectomy. APMIS 2012; 120: 410–6.
Association of clinical characteristics of patients presenting with influenza like illness or severe acute respiratory illness with development of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Clinical judgement and suspicion of influenza based on signs and symptoms of influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory illness are critical for better patient outcome. Whether clinical characteristics of patients are associated with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and PCR positivity of samples was the aim of this study. We included all patients (n=37) presenting with influenza like illness (ILI) or severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) to a tertiary care hospital in northwest Pakistan during December 2015 until the end of January 2016. Each patient was assessed for signs and symptoms, clinical features, treatment, complications and outcome of ILI and SARI. Throat or nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from 36 patient and analyzed for the presence of Influenza virus by quantitative PCR. Patients presenting with ILI or SARI were febrile (p<0.001, one sample t-test), significantly tachypneic (p<0.001) and had critically lower oxygen saturation (p<0.001). Nasal congestion at presentation (p=0.006, chi-square test for association) and infiltrates on chest radiographs (p=0.025) were significantly associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Likelihood of the occurrence of ARDS was significantly increased with decrease in oxygen saturation (Odds ratio; 0.75, 95% CI; 0.46, 1.21, p=0.048) and marginally significantly increased in lower age (Odds ratio; 0.82, 95% CI; 0.58, 1.15, p=0.055) and higher white cell count (Odds ratio; 1.001, 95% CI; 0.99, 1.002, p=0.054). The presence of Influenza type A/H1N1pdm09 strains was confirmed in 7/11 patients. However no significant difference was observed in the clinical features and complications of PCR positive and negative patients. Clinical signs and symptoms of influenza-like illness or severe acute respiratory illness significantly predict the development of complications irrespective of the positivity or negativity of laboratory qPCR reports.