Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The relationship between child- and parent-reported shared decision making and child-, parent-, and clinician-reported treatment outcome in routinely collected child mental health services data

Objective: Shared decision making (SDM) between service users and providers is increasingly being suggested as a key component of good healthcare. The aim of this research was to explore whether child- and parent-reported experience of SDM was associated with child- and parent-reported improvement in psychosocial difficulties and clinician-reported functioning at the end of treatment in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). Method: The sample comprised N = 177 children (62% female; 31% aged 6–12 and 69% aged 13–18) with a variety of mental health problems from 17 services where routinely collected data consisted of presenting problems at outset, child- and parent-reported change in symptoms between Time 1 and Time 2 (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; SDQ), clinician-reported change in functioning between Time 1 and Time 2 (Children’s Global Assessment Scale; CGAS), and experience of SDM at Time 2 (as measured by responses to the Experience of Service Questionnaire; ESQ). Results: Analysis revealed that both child- and parent-reported experience of SDM were associated with higher levels of child- and parent-reported improvement in psychosocial difficulties. However, child-reported experience of SDM was only associated with higher levels of child-reported improvement when their parents also reported higher levels of SDM. Conclusion: In CAMHS, involving both children and parents in decision making may contribute to enhanced treatment outcomes.
Research on antipsychotics in India

Antipsychotic as a class of medications became available for treatment of various psychiatric disorders in the early 1950’s. Over the last 60 years many antipsychotics have become available. In line with the west, Indian researchers have evaluated the efficacy of antipsychotics in various conditions. Additionally, researchers have also evaluated the important safety and tolerability issues. Here, we review data originating from India in the form of drug trials, effectiveness, usefulness, safety and tolerability of antipsychotics. Additionally, data with respect to other important treatment related issues is discussed.
An improved version of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth.

The present study aimed to provide a version of the Cervical Vertebral Maturation (CVM) method for the detection of the peak in mandibular growth based on the analysis of the second through fourth cervical vertebrae in a single cephalogram. The morphology of the bodies of the second (odontoid process, C2), third (C3), and fourth (C4) cervical vertebrae were analyzed in six consecutive cephalometric observations (T1 through T6) of 30 orthodontically untreated subjects. Observations for each subject consisted of two consecutive cephalograms comprising the interval of maximum mandibular growth (as assessed by means of the maximum increment in total mandibular length, Co-Gn), together with two earlier consecutive cephalograms and two later consecutive cephalograms. The analysis consisted of both visual and cephalometric appraisals of morphological characteristics of the three cervical vertebrae. The construction of the new version of the CVM method was based on the results of both ANOVA for repeated measures with post-hoc Scheffé's test (P < .05) and discriminant analysis. The new CVM method presents with five maturational stages (Cervical Vertebral Maturation Stage [CVMS] I through CVMS V, instead of Cvs 1 through Cvs 6 in the former CVM method). The peak in mandibular growth occurs between CVMS II and CVMS III, and it has not been reached without the attainment of both CVMS I and CVMS II. CVMS V is recorded at least two years after the peak. The advantages of the new version of the CVM method are that mandibular skeletal maturity can be appraised on a single cephalogram and through the analysis of only the second, third, and fourth cervical vertebrae, which usually are visible even when a protective radiation collar is worn.
Almost Periodic Configurations on Linear Cellular Automata

We study computational properties of linear cellular automata on configurations that differ from spatially periodic ones in only finitely many places. It is shown that the degree structure of the orbits of cellular automata is the same on these configurations as on the space of finite configurations. We also show that it is undecidable whether the cellular automaton exhibits complicated behavior on configurations of sufficiently long spatial periods and exhibit cellular automata with undecidable orbits whose orbits on backgrounds of all fixed sizes are decidable.
Studying medium effects on children's creative processes

The Fourth Grade Slump, whereby children's creativity drops precipitously at around fourth grade, is a developmental phenomenon that begs for research to be done on ways to nurture children's creativity. We posit that due to its form and formal features, the use of the animated medium for creative activities can positively sustain the child's creativity throughout the Slump. We present a study that investigated how the animated medium (animation) mediates and influences the creative process of children in the third and fourth grade, using the digital print medium (storybook) as comparison. Analysis of the process was done at the structural and production level using mainly the method of discourse analysis. Children were observed to go through different stages and sequences when creating stories using animation as opposed to the storybook medium. The strategies that the children adopted to create differed along six themes: the prevalence of micro-activities, an integrated and activity-driven process of story generation, a focus on qualitative details producing richer stories, a broader imagination in terms of the story world, the occurrence of serendipitous creativity, and a higher degree of convergence and divergence despite a low seeding level of ideas in story generation. While animation was seen to have certain limitations in the act of creating, it had a largely positive impact on the children's motivation and enthusiasm to engage in the creative activity. Our results have implications for the understanding of the creative process among elementary school children, a necessary first step for the proper design of systems to nurture and sustain children's creativity throughout the Fourth Grade Slump.
Gene expression profiling of Polycomb, Hox and Meis genes in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia

The Polycomb group (PcG) of genes is important for differentiation and cell‐cycle regulation and is aberrantly expressed in several cancers. To analyse the role of deregulated PcG genes in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), we determined by RQ‐PCR the expression of the PcG genes BMI‐1, MEL18, SCML2, YY1 and EZH2, and the downstream PcG targets HOXA4, HOXA9 and MEIS1 in diagnostic bone marrow samples from 126 AML patients. There was a general overexpression of the genes in AML patients compared to 20 healthy donors, except of HOXA4 and MEL18, which both displayed a wide range of expression levels within the AML subgroups. Among the AML patients with normal karyotype, a low HOXA4 level was associated with a shorter overall survival (P = 0.005). In addition, expression levels of MEL18 and EZH2 were significantly (P < 0.025) higher in patients with complex karyotype and lower in CBF‐mutated patients. The t(8;21) vs. inv(16) positive patients showed significantly different expression of SCML2, BMI‐1, YY1, HOXA9 and MEIS1 (P ≤ 0.01). Comparisons between the PcG and PcG‐regulated genes and a number of clinical and molecular data revealed correlations to genes involved in DNA methylation (DNMT1, DNMT3B), apoptosis (BAX, CASPASE 3) and multidrug‐resistance (MDR1, MRP ) (P < 0.01). In conclusion, our data suggest that the role of PcG and PcG‐regulated genes in leukaemogenesis varies between, as well as within karyotypic subgroups.
Relationship between scapular position and structural strength of rib cage in quadruped animals

Determining scapular position is a major issue in reconstructing the skeletal systems of extinct quadruped archosaurs and mammals, because the proximal portion of the scapulae has no direct skeletal joint with the vertebrae or ribs. When quadrupeds stand or walk, their trunk is suspended between the forelimbs by the serratus muscles, which arises from the lateral sides of the “thoracic” ribs and inserts into the proximal portion of the costal surface of the scapula. Therefore, the “thoracic” ribs are subjected to a static or dynamic vertical compression between the lifting force from the muscle and the gravitational force from the vertebral column. To investigate the body support function of the ribs, we analyzed the mechanical strength of the ribs of extant tetrapods by the two‐dimensional finite element method, and compared the degree of strength through their craniocaudal scapular positions. The result of this simulation showed that the “thoracic” ribs of quadrupeds, to which the serratus muscles attach, have a relatively higher strength against compaction than the other ribs. In bipeds, however, we did not find a similar correlation between the strength of ribs and the serratus muscle. This implies that the location of robust ribs is associated with the arrangement of the serratus muscle, and provides a probable candidate for determination of the scapular position for extinct quadruped archosaurs and mammals. J. Morphol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ganciclovir and Penciclovir, but Not Acyclovir, Induce Apoptosis in Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinasetransformed Baby Hamster Kidney Cells

The efficacies of ganciclovir (GCV), penciclovir (PCV) and acyclovir (ACV) in inducing cell death in the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSVTK) system were compared. HSVTK-transformed baby hamster kidney cells treated with GCV, PCV or ACV were monitored for growth by viable count, and for death by TUNEL assay, propidium iodide staining, detection of phosphatidyl serine translocation and detection of DNA laddering. All compounds delayed growth or reduced viability of HSVTK-transformed cells. Drug treatment reduced levels of cyclin B1 message (which normally peaks in G2/M-phase of the cell cycle) and induced a four- to fivefold upregulation of GADD45 message. Treatment with GCV or PCV induced rapid accumulation of cells in S-phase and apoptotic death. Treatment with ACV, however, was associated with sustained S-phase arrest. GCV (and to a lesser extent PCV) increased phosphatidyl serine translocation, induced positive TUNEL results with alterations in cell morphology, caused marked propidium iodide staining and induced DNA laddering. By contrast, up to 7 days' exposure to ACV did not induce DNA laddering, with very little TUNEL staining. ACV treatment had little effect on phosphatidyl serine translocation and propidium iodide staining was markedly reduced compared with treatment with the other compounds. Thus, by all criteria, GCV was the most potent inducer of cell death. The current theories regarding apoptosis or necrosis as the preferred form of cell death in prodrug gene therapy are considered and the suitability of PCV or ACV as potential alternatives to GCV in the HSVTK system is discussed.
Viscoelastic Properties of Gallium-indium Alloy

Abstract The viscoelastic properties of a gallium-indium alloy in the pre-yield region make it easier to understand their characteristics, particularly the varying degrees of stiffness and damping properties. These viscoelastic properties were measured with a strain-controlled rheometer, where both strain amplitude sweep mode and the angular frequency sweep mode were conducted. Three groups of experiments were carried out in the strain amplitude sweep mode. In the angular frequency sweep mode, the storage modulus G′ and the loss modulus G″ were investigated at the linear region, the critical region, and the non-linear region. Experimental results indicate that the gallium-indium alloy exhibited similar viscoelastic properties. The linear viscoelastic region takes place when the strain amplitude is less than the critical strain amplitude of 1 %. At the critical regime, the gallium-indium alloy has the strongest relative elasticity. These results are helpful to understand the intrinsic properties of gallium-indium alloys and find their application in flexible circuits, soft robotics, self-healing, and mechanical shock absorption.
IGF-1 protects retinal ganglion cells from hypoxia-induced apoptosis by activating the Erk-1/2 and Akt pathways

Purpose Hypoxia-induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis has been implicated in many optic neuropathies. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is important in maintaining neuronal survival, proliferation, and differentiation. The purpose of this study is to explore whether IGF-1 can protect RGCs from hypoxia-induced apoptosis and to determine the precise mechanisms that regulate this process. Methods Purified RGC cultures were obtained from the retinas of neonatal Sprague Dawley (SD) rats using a two-step panning method. Primary cultured RGCs were cultured in a closed hypoxic chamber (5% O2, 5% CO2, and 90% N2) for 12 h with or without IGF-1. The degree of apoptosis in the RGCs was detected by caspase-3 expression and TUNEL and JC-1 staining assays. The expression and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt), p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 [Erk-1/2]), Bad, and caspase-3 was investigated with immunoblot analysis. Results Hypoxia induces apoptosis in primary Sprague Dawley rat RGCs, as detected by caspase-3 expression and TUNEL and JC-1 staining assays, and that IGF-1 treatment could significantly reduce this effect in RGCs. Interestingly, pretreatment of RGCs with AG1024 (an IGF-1 inhibitor), U0126 (an Erk-1/2 inhibitor), and LY294002 (an Akt inhibitor) markedly attenuated the effects of IGF-1 treatment. Furthermore, western blot analysis suggested that the Erk-1/2 and Akt signaling pathways play a role in the protective effects of IGF-1 on RGCs exposed to hypoxia. Conclusions These data indicate that IGF-1 can protect primary cultured RGCs against hypoxia-induced apoptosis via the Erk-1/2 and Akt signaling pathways, suggesting that IGF-1 treatment is a potential therapeutic approach for treating hypoxia-induced neurodegeneration in the retina.
Y Chromosome Binary Markers to Study the High Prevalence of Males in Sardinian Centenarians and the Genetic Structure of the Sardinian Population

We have analyzed a sample of 40 centenarians and 116 young controls from Sardinia, with a set of new Y chromosome binary markers, to evaluate if Y chromosome genes are involved in the high prevalence of males among centenarian Sardinians (1/2 vs. 1/4 in other populations studied). The results indicate that none of the seven lineages that account for >97% of the Y chromosome diversity in Sardinia provide an advantage with respect to the extreme longevity. However, our results, although based on the male-specific Y chromosome polymorphisms, give a clear profile of the pattern of genetic variability in Sardinia. Indeed they indicate that the Sardinian population had two main founder populations that have evolved in isolation for at least the last 5,000 years. These findings set the stage for future studies on longevity and other complex traits in Sardinia.
Negative sequence control of DFG based wind turbines

The paper deals with the control of negative sequence voltages and currents in wind turbine systems caused by grid fault or unsymmetrical system operation. The ensuing stator and rotor currents lead to additional thermal stress. Moreover, the interaction between the different sequence components of the current and voltage in the stator as well as rotor cause oscillating torque leading to mechanical strain on the drive-train. A control approach for limiting or eliminating the negative sequence current and the resulting alternating torque is discussed. This is followed by the description and derivation of the rotor side converter (RSC) for the positive as well as negative sequence current controllers. The procedure is repeated for the grid side converter (GSC), and the limitations imposed on the controllers by practical operational considerations are explained. On the basis of simulation examples using representative wind turbine system data, the effectiveness of the proposed control methods has been demonstrated.
Business Intelligence Adoption in Developing Economies: A Case Study of Ghana

In this era of competitive market and ever sharply changing market trends, there is a need for timely and integrated engagement of information systems for effective decision making. Developed countries and developed economies are evolving their information systems by aligning them to incorporate adaptive approaches to business models in realtime with forecasting capabilities. This has seen changes leading to the adoption of service-based system integration to big data platforms. Developing economies and developing countries, to some extent, incorporate business intelligence techniques in evaluating their data to make informed decisions. In our work, we considered the banking sector in developing economies with focus on Ghana as a case study in assessing the impact of the adoption of business intelligence tools with respect to its usefulness in the competitive emerging financial market. At the end of our study, those who adapted the approaches in business intelligence have experienced effective competitive advantage and dominance in the market and have excelled in their product delivery to customer satisfaction. General Terms Information Systems, Business Intelligence, Information Technology Management, Market Intelligence
Reduction of Bromo- and Iodo-2,6-bis(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)benzene with Magnesium and Calcium

Arylmagnesium and -calcium reagents are easily accessible; however, ether degradation processes limit storability, especially of the calcium-based heavy Grignard reagents. Ortho-bound substituents with phosphanyl donor sites usually block available coordination sites and stabilize such complexes. The reaction of bromo-2,6-bis(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)benzene (1a) with magnesium in tetrahydrofuran yields [Mg{C6H3-2,6-(CH2PPh2)2}2] (2) after recrystallization from 1,2-dimethoxyethane. However, the similarly performed reduction of bromo- (1a) and iodo-2,6-bis(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)benzene (1b) with calcium leads to ether cleavage and subsequent degradation products. α-Deprotonation of tetrahydrofuran (THF) yields 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)benzene. Furthermore, the insoluble THF adducts of dimeric calcium diphenylphosphinate halides, [(thf)3Ca(X)(µ-O2PPh2)]2 [X = Br (3a), I (3b)], precipitate verifying ether decomposition and cleavage of P–C bonds. Ether adducts of calcium halides (such as [(dme)2(thf)CaBr2] (4)) form, supporting the initial Grignard reaction and a subsequent Schlenk-type dismutation reaction.
Influence of detomidine and xylazine on spleen dimensions and on splenic response to epinephrine infusion in healthy adult horses.

OBJECTIVE To compare the changes in splenic length and thickness and in packed cell volume (PCV) following detomidine or xylazine administration and subsequent epinephrine infusion. HYPOTHESIS Spleen relaxation occurs following xylazine or detomidine administration and interferes with subsequent splenic contractile response to epinephrine. STUDY DESIGN Randomized non-blinded crossover experimental study. ANIMALS 6 healthy adult mares. METHODS The mares received an intravenous (IV) epinephrine infusion (1 μg kg(-1 ) minute(-1) over 5 minutes) one hour after IV administration of detomidine (0.01 mg kg(-1) ), xylazine (0.5 mg kg(-1) ) or no drug (control), with a withdrawal period of at least 7 days between experiments. The splenic length measured in two different axes, the splenic thickness, and the PCV were measured prior to sedation (T0), 30 minutes later, and at 5-minute intervals from the start of the epinephrine infusion (T1) until T1 + 40 minutes. Changes from base-line and between treatments were compared using a two-way anova for repeated measures. Significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Splenic length was significantly increased and PCV was significantly decreased after detomidine administration compared to baseline. Epinephrine infusion resulted in a significant decrease in splenic length and thickness, and a significant increase in PCV, irrespective of prior treatment with detomidine or xylazine. CONCLUSIONS Detomidine administration was followed by a sonographically detectable increase of splenic length. Neither detomidine nor xylazine interfered with the ability of the spleen to contract following subsequent administration of an epinephrine infusion given one hour later. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Previous sedation with alpha-2 agonists does not preclude the efficiency of epinephrine as a medical treatment of left dorsal displacement of the large colon, but further investigations are required with other drug doses and different time intervals between administrations.
Microencapsulation Approach for Orally Extended Delivery of Glipizide: In vitro and in vivo Evaluation

Glipizide is an effective antidiabetic agent, however, it suffers from relatively short biological half-life. To solve this encumbrance, it is a prospective candidate for fabricating glipizide extended release microcapsules. Microencapsulation of glipizde with a coat of alginate alone or in combination with chitosan or carbomer 934P was prepared employing ionotropic gelation process. The prepared microcapsules were evaluated in vitro by microscopical examination, determination of the particle size, yield and microencapsulation efficiency. The filled capsules were assessed for content uniformity and drug release characteristics. Stability study of the optimised formulas was carried out at three different temperatures over 12 weeks. In vivo bioavailability study and hypoglycemic activity of C9 microcapsules were done on albino rabbits. All formulas achieved high yield, microencapsulation efficiency and extended t1/2. C9 and C19 microcapsules attained the most optimised results in all tests and complied with the dissolution requirements for extended release dosage forms. These two formulas were selected for stability studies. C9 exhibited longer shelf-life and hence was chosen for in vivo studies. C9 microcapsules showed an improvement in the drug bioavailability and significant hypoglycemic activity compared to immediate release tablets (Minidiab® 5 mg). The optimised microcapsule formulation developed was found to produce extended antidiabetic activity.
A mathematical information retrieval system based on RankBoost

Mathematical Information Retrieval (MIR) systems are designed to help users to find related formulae and further understand the formulae in scientific documents. However, in existing MIR systems, nearly all the ranker models of MIR systems are based on tf-idf model, and few efforts have been made to discover the features besides the relevance between the query formula and related formulae. In this paper, we investigate a supervised ranking approach (RankBoost) in an MIR system, and we consider not only the relevance between a query formula and related formulae, but also the features of the query formula itself and plentiful features about the documents where the related formulae appear. Experimental results show that our system achieves better performance by comparing with state-of-the-art MIR systems.