Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distance and Beyond: Variables Influencing Conceptions of Food Store Accessibility in Baltimore, Maryland

This article is the result of a project conducted during my tenure with the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP). Before my hire, the director of EFNEP had hired a geographic information system (GIS) technician to create a GIS to spatially depict EFNEP clients' accessibility to food resources. By visually representing the relationship between low-income populations and the localities of food stores in Baltimore city, the GIS powerfully illustrated the relative lack of food resources in low-income areas of the city, suggesting serious obstacles to food access. However, when conceiving this type of GIS, it is essential to recognize that although geographic information systems can suggest potential hypotheses, drawing causal relationships between represented variables is problematic because GISs ignore the many behavioral and perceptual factors that affect human beings' decisions. For this reason, I was hired on a four-month contract to conduct an exploratory ethnographic project to compleme.
Hybrid Mobile Apps in the Google Play Store: An Exploratory Investigation

One of the most intriguing challenges in mobile apps development is its fragmentation with respect to mobile platforms (e.g., Android, Apple iOS, Windows Phone). Large companies like IBM and Adobe and a growing community of developers advocate hybrid mobile apps development as a possible solution to mobile platforms fragmentation. Hybrid mobile apps are consistent across platforms and built on web standards. How hybrid apps are performing in production settings is still highly debated, with limited objective evidence.In this paper, we present the first realistic investigation into mobile hybrid apps through a solid empirical strategy. Our goal is exploratory and we aim at identifying, analysing, and understanding the traits and distinctions of publicly available hybrid mobile apps within their real-life context. The study has been conducted by mining 11,917 free apps and 3,041,315 reviews from the Google Play Store, and analyzing them from both a technical and end users' perception perspective. The results of this study build an objective and reproducible snapshot about how hybrid mobile development is performing "in the wild" in real projects.
Investigation of Germanium Quantum-well Light Sources References and Links

In this paper, we report a broad investigation of the optical properties of germanium (Ge) quantum-well devices. Our simulations show a significant increase of carrier density in the Ge quantum wells. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements show the enhanced direct-bandgap radiative recombination rates due to the carrier density increase in the Ge quantum wells. Electroluminescence (EL) measurements show the temperature-dependent properties of our Ge quantum-well devices, which are in good agreement with our theoretical models. We also demonstrate the PL measurements of Ge quantum-well microdisks using tapered-fiber collection method and quantify the optical loss of the Ge quantum-well structure from the measured PL spectra for the first time. germanium/silicon avalanche photodiodes with 340 GHz gain–bandwidth product, " Nat. Room temperature 1.6 microm electroluminescence from Ge light emitting diode on Si substrate, " Opt. Room temperature direct gap electroluminescence from Ge/Si 0.15 Ge 0.85 multiple quantum well waveguide, " Appl. InGaAs/AlGaAs strained single quantum well diode lasers with extremely low threshold current density and high efficiency, " Appl. Effects of hydrogen annealing on heteroepitaxial-Ge layers on Si: surface roughness and electrical quality, " Appl. /ge quantum well light-emitting diode for monolithic integration in Si photonics chips, " E. 1.55 μm direct bandgap electroluminescence from strained n-Ge quantum wells grown on Si substrates, " Appl.
The Ergonomics of Dishonesty

Research in environmental sciences has found that the ergonomic design of human-made environments influences thought, feeling, and action. In the research reported here, we examined the impact of physical environments on dishonest behavior. In four studies, we tested whether certain bodily configurations—or postures—incidentally imposed by the environment led to increases in dishonest behavior. The first three experiments showed that individuals who assumed expansive postures (either consciously or inadvertently) were more likely to steal money, cheat on a test, and commit traffic violations in a driving simulation. Results suggested that participants’ self-reported sense of power mediated the link between postural expansiveness and dishonesty. Study 4 revealed that automobiles with more expansive driver’s seats were more likely to be illegally parked on New York City streets. Taken together, the results suggest that, first, environments that expand the body can inadvertently lead people to feel more powerful, and second, these feelings of power can cause dishonest behavior.
Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorders Pathology

Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGID) are characterized pathologically by excess eosinophils in mucosal biopsies of one or multiple sites in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, simultaneously or sequentially. Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is the best characterized EGID, and in most patients it is an abnormal immune-mediated response to food antigens. Current recommendations for diagnosis include signs and symptoms of esophageal dysfunction that do not respond to proton-pump inhibitor therapy, and esophageal biopsies that exhibit at least 15 intraepithelial eosinophils in at least one high power field (HPF). Therapy consists of swallowed glucocorticoids or dietary elimination. Eosinophilic gastritis (EG) is the second most common form of EGID, but like all forms of EGID except EoE consensus recommendations for either clinical or pathological diagnosis do not exist. EG may be associated clinically with peripheral blood eosinophilia, hypoalbuminemia, and anemia, and pathologically with marked expansion of lamina propria by dense eosinophilic infiltrates. Eosinophilic enteritis (EE) may be subdivided into eosinophilic duodenitis, eosinophilic jejunitis, and eosinophilic ileitis. Most investigators believe that EE rarely, if ever, exists as a solitary form of EGID and is encountered only in patients who have at least one other affected portion of the GI tract. Eosinophilic colitis (EC) is perhaps the most enigmatic EGID. Distinction of EC from inflammatory bowel disease may be problematic especially in children. Multiple possible etiologies for EGID include hypereosinophilic syndrome, drug reactions, etc. Currently, the only etiology that can be identified histologically is parasitic infestation, if a portion of an invasive parasite is found in mucosal biopsies. This review will provide guidelines for the pathologic diagnosis of the various forms of EGID.
Learning gaps in a learning organization: professionals' values versus management values

Purpose – The aim of this article is to challenge the concept of “the learning organization” as unproblematic and inherently good.Design/methodology/approach – The research looked at how teachers – as an example of public sector professionals in a work organization that claims to be a learning organization – view their conditions for learning.Findings – By using this approach, the normative values surrounding the concept of the learning organization were discussed. This approach identifies power‐relations: i.e. who has the priority of interpretation to define what learning is desired and considered relevant as well as when, how and where one learns. In addition, it gives indications to how and why the implementations of management concepts are not always successful.Originality/value – This article shows how the implementation of a governance concept (learning organization) in fact can be seen as bringing with it unintended consequences for the organization as a whole – and especially for the professionals.
Um equilíbrio delicado: a dinâmica das coligações do PT em eleições municipais (2000 e 2004)

The article analyzes the alliances established by the Workers' Party (PT) in the 2000 and 2004 elections in all Brazilian municipalities. Over the course of Brazil's current democratic experience, the PT has proven to be the country's most successful party in establishing a "party name". For important segments of the electorate, the PT acquired its identity based on its link to the Left and its rejection of corrupt methods in traditional Brazilian politics. Meanwhile, the Brazilian political system offers strong incentives for a strategy of broad and indiscriminate alliances. Through an analysis of alliances in the municipal elections, centered on government-opposition and Left-Right dichotomies, the article shows how the PT dealt with the opportunities created by (and constraints imposed by) its position in the political camp.
Anandamide enhances extracellular levels of adenosine and induces sleep: an in vivo microdialysis study.

STUDY OBJECTIVES The principal component of marijuana, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol increases sleep in humans. Endogenous cannabinoids, such as N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide), also increase sleep. However, the mechanism by which these molecules promote sleep is not known but might involve a sleep-inducing molecule such as adenosine. Microdialysis samples were collected from the basal forebrain in order to detect levels of adenosine before and after injection of anandamide. DESIGN Rats were implanted for sleep studies, and a cannula was placed in the basal forebrain to collect microdialysis samples. Samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. SETTINGS Basic neuroscience research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS Three-month-old male F344 rats. At the start of the lights-on period, animals received systemic injections of dimethyl sulfoxide (vehicle), anandamide, SR141716A (cannabinoid receptor 1 [CB1] antagonist), or SR141716A and anandamide. One hour after injections, microdialysis samples were collected (5 microL) from the basal forebrain every hour over a 20-minute period for 5 hours. The samples were immediately analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography for adenosine levels. Sleep was also recorded continuously over the same period. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Anandamide increased adenosine levels compared to vehicle controls with the peak levels being reached during the third hour after drug injection. There was a significant increase in slow-wave sleep during the third hour. The induction in sleep and the rise in adenosine were blocked by the CB1-receptor antagonist, SR141716A. CONCLUSIONS Anandamide increased adenosine levels in the basal forebrain and also increased sleep. The soporific effects of anandamide were mediated by the CB1 receptor, since the effects were blocked by the CB1-receptor antagonist. These findings identify a potential therapeutic use of endocannabinoids to induce sleep in conditions where sleep may be severely attenuated.
Envelope Tracking GaAs HBT PA performance characterization under high load mismatch conditions

Handset RF power amplifiers modules (PAM) are often operated into mismatched antenna loads due to reflections from nearby objects. We present experimental results comparing the performance of a GaAs HBT PAM operating in fixed supply and Envelope Tracking (ET) modes under high load mismatch conditions. For a load mismatch voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 3:1 at the PAM output plane, the maximum adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) compliant output power was >;2dB greater in ET mode than in fixed supply mode for a given DC input power, across all load phase angles. Furthermore, the PAM error vector magnitude (EVM) was found to be substantially independent of load mismatch and output power when operated in ET mode. The measured EVM in ET mode was less than 1.8% across all load phase angles for 3:1 VSWR over an output RF power range of 15 to 28dBm.
Interobserver Variability in Injury Severity Scoring After Combat Trauma: Different Perspectives, Different Values?

BACKGROUND Anatomic measures of injury burden provide key information for studies of prehospital and in-hospital trauma care. The military version of the Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS(M)] is used to score injuries in deployed military hospitals. Estimates of total trauma burden are derived from this. These scores are used for categorization of patients, assessment of care quality, and research studies. Scoring is normally performed retrospectively from chart review. We compared data recorded in the UK Joint Theatre Trauma Registry (JTTR) and scores calculated independently at the time of surgery by the operating surgeons to assess the concordance between surgeons and trauma nurse coordinators in assigning injury severity scores. METHODS Trauma casualties treated at a deployed Role 3 hospital were assigned AIS(M) scores by surgeons between 24 September 2012 and 16 October 2012. JTTR records from the same period were retrieved. The AIS(M), Injury Severity Score (ISS), and New Injury Severity Score (NISS) were compared between datasets. RESULTS Among 32 matched casualties, 214 injuries were recorded in the JTTR, whereas surgeons noted 212. Percentage agreement for number of injuries was 19%. Surgeons scored 75 injuries as "serious" or greater compared with 68 in the JTTR. Percentage agreement for the maximum AIS(M), ISS, and NISS assigned to cases was 66%, 34%, and 28%, respectively, although the distributions of scores were not statistically different (median ISS: surgeons: 20 [interquartile range (IQR), 9-28] versus JTTR: 17.5 [IQR, 9-31.5], p = . 7; median NISS: surgeons: 27 [IQR, 12-42] versus JTTR: 25.5 [IQR, 11.5-41], p = . 7). CONCLUSION There are discrepancies in the recording of AIS(M) between surgeons directly involved in the care of trauma casualties and trauma nurse coordinators working by retrospective chart review. Increased accuracy might be achieved by actively collaborating in this process.
Technology challenges for building Internet-scale ubiquitous computing

In the future, many of the physical objects that surround us will be augmented with microprocessors and wireless transceivers. They will communicate with each other, quietly monitor our daily activities and notify us of important events. Any piece of relevant information on the Internet will be available to us anytime and anywhere. We call this scenario the Internet-scale ubiquitous computing environment. In our current lifestyle, one of the most precious and scarce resources is human attention. Internet-scale ubiquitous computing environments have the potential to make our daily life more comfortable and attractive because they will allow us to focus only on the essential tasks, letting technology take care of itself. However, building Internet-scale ubiquitous computing environments requires us to address a variety of technical issues. In particular we have to take into account the software development costs to build such an attractive future. As a road to developing the necessary software in a timely fashion, we propose to base the system on existing infrastructural software components such as Linux, Java and CORBA. We identify several important architectural problems that builders of Internet-scale ubiquitous computing environments will have to address, and we present some recommendations on the basis of our analysis and implementation experience.
Extensive astrocyte infection is prominent in human immunodeficiency virus–associated dementia

Astrocyte infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is considered rare, so astrocytes are thought to play a secondary role in HIV neuropathogenesis. By combining double immunohistochemistry, laser capture microdissection, and highly sensitive multiplexed polymerase chain reaction to detect HIV DNA in single astrocytes in vivo, we showed that astrocyte infection is extensive in subjects with HIV‐associated dementia, occurring in up to 19% of GFAP+ cells. In addition, astrocyte infection frequency correlated with the severity of neuropathological changes and proximity to perivascular macrophages. Our data indicate that astrocytes can be extensively infected with HIV, and suggest an important role for HIV‐infected astrocytes in HIV neuropathogenesis. Ann Neurol 2009;66:253–258
Bullying is detrimental to health, but all bullying behaviours are not necessarily equally damaging

The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of ‘negative behaviours’ and ‘bullying’ in the workplace on the health and well-being of employees, to what extent the effects remain beyond the period of the experience as well as the extent to which they affect third-parties or witnesses. The paper also raises the question whether some behaviours associated with bullying may be more damaging than others. Potential sex differences and differences between occupational contexts are considered. To achieve these aims, a national cross-sectional study (N=5,388) was carried out. In absolute terms those who labelled their experience as bullying had substantially worse health than those who were not bullied. However, counter to what was expected, stronger associations were found between negative behaviour and adverse health effects than for self-reported (self-labelled) bullying and health. Previous targets as well as witnesses also reported worse health than those who were neither bullied nor had witnessed bullying. The findings also imply that some negative behaviours were more difficult to deal with than others. In all cases differences between the sexes and between occupational contexts emerged.
Brief Report: The Modifying Effects of Education and Income on Hispanics Reporting Perceived Discrimination

Research has shown that experiences of discrimination negatively affect health. However, little is known about whether socioeconomic position modifies the reporting of perceived discrimination. This cross-sectional study of 69 participants investigated the modifying effects of education and income on the reporting of perceived discrimination among Hispanics and Whites. Hispanics, compared to non-Hispanic Whites, of higher education (more than high school) and income ($30,000 or more per year) status are more than 4 times more likely to report perceived discrimination (odds ratio [OR] = 4.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31-12.72; OR = 4.43, 95% CI = 1.41-13.93, respectively). However, this difference was nonsignificant among those with lower education and income levels (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 0.27-10.92; OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 0.20-15.02, respectively). These results may affect future study sample and effect sizes.
When sex isn't special: Priming onto a sex decision

Recognition of famous faces is speeded by prior exposure. This repetition priming has been shown for familiarity judgements (familiar/unfamiliar), semantic judgements (British/American), and naming. However, no benefit of priming has been found onto a sex judgement made to an image of a face. The absence of priming is normally explained by appealing to the fact that sex judgements can be made to a face without needing to access memory for that person, and that priming has its effects within the memory system. Here we ask subjects to make sex judgements to famous people's surnames (e.g., Tyson, Geldof), a task that requires them to access their memories for people. Under these conditions we observe the normal pattern of priming. We argue that structural, rather than episodic models of processing fit the data most naturally.
INFRASTRUCTURE SHARING: A COST EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVE FOR RESILIENCY IN 4G-LTEMOBILE NETWORKS

With the fast growth of Internet and a new widespread interest in broadband networks, the unparalleled potential of Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is leading to further research and development efforts. One of those areas of research is Path Protection Mechanism. An aim of our ongoing research is to take pragmatic approach to the "last mile" issue and provide a solution to improve resiliency primarily for 4G-LTE mobile networks by infrastructure sharing by making use of this mechanism between operators' backhaul networks. Most previous research on multiprotocol label switching (MPLS)/generalized MPLS (GMPLS) recovery management has focused on efficient routing or signaling methods from single failures. However, in this paper, we present a strategy by means of infrastructure sharing between operators considering sharing the backhaul network infrastructure to improve resiliency among the operators. The paper discusses about the resiliency mechanisms that are adapted in the backhaul network of the operators and henceforth concludes that despite the resiliency mechanisms, there are occasions when the network resources are not available for the end users which necessitates the need for sharing another operator‟s backhaul, thus decreasing the overall unavailability time. This innovative solution offers significant advantages including fast recovery across multiple operators.
Comparison of survival analysis and palliative care involvement in patients aged over 70 years choosing conservative management or renal replacement therapy in advanced chronic kidney disease

Background: There are limited data on the outcomes of elderly patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing renal replacement therapy or conservative management. Aims: We aimed to compare survival, hospital admissions and palliative care access of patients aged over 70 years with chronic kidney disease stage 5 according to whether they chose renal replacement therapy or conservative management. Design: Retrospective observational study. Setting/participants: Patients aged over 70 years attending pre-dialysis clinic. Results: In total, 172 patients chose conservative management and 269 chose renal replacement therapy. The renal replacement therapy group survived for longer when survival was taken from the time estimated glomerular filtration rate <20 mL/min (p < 0.0001), <15 mL/min (p < 0.0001) and <12 mL/min (p = 0.002). When factors influencing survival were stratified for both groups independently, renal replacement therapy failed to show a survival advantage over conservative management, in patients older than 80 years or with a World Health Organization performance score of 3 or more. There was also a significant reduction in the effect of renal replacement therapy on survival in patients with high Charlson’s Comorbidity Index scores. The relative risk of an acute hospital admission (renal replacement therapy vs conservative management) was 1.6 (p < 0.05; 95% confidence interval = 1.14–2.13). A total of 47% of conservative management patients died in hospital, compared to 69% undergoing renal replacement therapy (Renal Registry data). Seventy-six percent of the conservative management group accessed community palliative care services compared to 0% of renal replacement therapy patients. Conclusions: For patients aged over 80 years, with a poor performance status or high co-morbidity scores, the survival advantage of renal replacement therapy over conservative management was lost at all levels of disease severity. Those accessing a conservative management pathway had greater access to palliative care services and were less likely to be admitted to or die in hospital.