Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genital tract colonization with Ureaplasma spp. and its association with abnormal vaginal flora.

Intrauterine infection is a possible cause of preterm labour and preterm delivery (Hay et al., 1994; Lamont et al., 1986; Romero et al., 2006). It is presumed that the microorganisms from the lower genital tract can ascend towards the amniotic fluid causing intra-amniotic infection, which may lead to preterm labour and delivery. However, the reason why this occurs during pregnancy for a small group of women remains elusive. One of the micro-organisms commonly described as a risk factor for pregnancy complications is Ureaplasma spp. Well-defined case reports and studies have shown that Ureaplasma spp. may be considered as an agent able to cause adverse pregnancy outcome, such as preterm rupture of the membranes, low birth weight, late miscarriage and preterm birth (Abele-Horn et al., 1997; Breugelmans et al., 2010; Gerber et al., 2003; Oh et al., 2010; Vogel et al., 2006; Yoon et al., 1998). The high colonization rate of normal pregnant women with Ureaplasma spp. (40–80 %) impedes the study of the pathogenicity of this micro-organism in pregnancy complications. However, it emphasizes the importance of research on cofactors enabling Ureaplasma spp. to cause an ascending infection which ultimately interferes with normal foetal development. One of the cofactors which might facilitate an ascending infection is the association of an abnormal vaginal flora and the presence of Ureaplasma spp. colonization; such a combination was shown to be associated with a higher risk for preterm delivery [odds ratio (OR) 2.35] as compared with women with Ureaplasma spp. alone (OR 1.64) (Breugelmans et al., 2010). In the current study, we further analysed the association between the two human Ureaplasma spp. , i.e. Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum, and their presence in normal and abnormal vaginal flora. We sought to answer the following questions. Is there a species which is more often associated with an abnormal flora or not? Is the bacterial load of both Ureaplasma spp. different in normal versus abnormal vaginal flora?
European Integration in the Euro Crisis: The Limits of Postfunctionalism

Abstract The Euro crisis presents a puzzle to the post-functionalist approach to European integration. In spite of unprecedented social hardships, politicization, loss of popular support and political turmoil in the Eurozone, the Euro crisis has produced major new steps of technocratic supranational integration. This article shows that integration during the euro crisis can be sufficiently explained by a neofunctionalist account based on path dependency, endogenous preference change and functional spill over. Finally, it explores three mechanisms that have helped to shield EU-level reform from a constraining dissensus: euro-compatible government formation, avoidance of referendums and delegation to technocratic supranational organizations.
The market for audit services in the Netherlands.

Many studies have been conducted on the market for audit services in the Anglo-Saxon countries, but to date very few have focussed on continental Europe. This paper studies the audit services market in the Netherlands. The findings indicate similarities with respect to determining factors for the audit fee in the market for audit services in the Netherlands and countries previously studied. However, we have also found differences. Contrary to most of the other studies there is no fee premium for the Big Six as a group. Within the Big Six KMPG does earn a fee premium. With respect to intra-Big Six audit fee differences, it seems that some accounting firms do receive a fee premium in some countries. This could mean that the reputation of Big Six firms is typically country-related, rather than global. In addition to the existing literature we constructed a slightly different model for the financial services industry. None of the Big Six firms received a fee premium in this industry. This suggests that industry specialists in the financial services industry in the Netherlands do not earn a higher fee than non-specialists.
Urban Air Quality and Health in China

Urban air pollution is one of the most visible environmental problems in China. In this paper, we use emission inventory data to assess the air quality and health effects in the Chinese city of Shijiazhuang. A spatial model is developed to identify the sources of emissions and to estimate population exposure to high ambient concentrations. Dose-response functions are used to quantify the impact on human health. Our results show significant health costs associated with Shijiazhuang's high concentration of sulphate, a fine particulate matter originating mainly from coal consumption. Policy implications are explored by evaluating alternative pollution control options. The use of cleaner coal is found to be the most cost effective in improving urban air quality and reducing human exposure.
Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of cancer therapy–induced oral and gastrointestinal mucositis

Oral and gastrointestinal (GI) mucositis can affect up to 100% of patients undergoing high‐dose chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, 80% of patients with malignancies of the head and neck receiving radiotherapy, and a wide range of patients receiving chemotherapy. Alimentary track mucositis increases mortality and morbidity and contributes to rising health care costs. Consequently, the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer and the International Society for Oral Oncology assembled an expert panel to evaluate the literature and to create evidence‐based guidelines for preventing, evaluating, and treating mucositis.
Destination Image and Its Functional Relationships

Destination image is commonly accepted as an important aspect in successful tourism development and destination marketing due to its impact on both supply- and demand-side aspects of marketing. Despite the ample amount of literature, a comprehensive conceptualization of destination image comprising its intricate relationships with several other factors on the supply and demand sides of the market has yet to emerge. In this study, a large body of literature on destination image and related concepts is reviewed and a comprehensive conceptualization of destination image is modeled. It was concluded that there are still many facets of this complex construct yet to be investigated empirically.
Role of activating transcription factor 3 in the synthesis of latency-associated transcript and maintenance of herpes simplex virus 1 in latent state in ganglia

Significance A major unresolved issue confronting infectious diseases is the mechanism by which virulent, potentially lethal viruses remain silent (latent) in selected cells in the human body until induced to replicate and spread in response to stress. The establishment of latent infection by herpes simplex viruses in sensory or autonomic neurons is a common event in a large fraction of the human population. Here we report that activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is induced by stress both in infected cells in culture and in ganglia harboring latent virus. The function of ATF3 is to block the reactivation of virus induced by neuronal stress. A key property of herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) is their ability to establish latent infection in sensory or autonomic ganglia and to reactivate on physical, hormonal, or emotional stress. In latently infected ganglia, HSVs express a long noncoding RNA, a latency-associated transcript (LAT), which plays a key role in maintaining latently infected neurons, but not viral proteins. To investigate the events leading to reactivation, we examined the use of ganglionic organ cultures that enable rapid reactivation in medium containing antibody to nerve growth factor (NGF) or delayed reactivation in medium containing NGF and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Here we report the discovery that activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a stress response protein, profoundly affects the interaction of HSV with its host. Specifically, (i) ATF3 is induced by stress, such as inhibition of protein synthesis or infection; (ii) in infected cells, ATF3 enhances the accumulation of LAT by acting on the response elements in the promoter of the LAT precursor RNA; (iii) ATF3 is induced nearly 100-fold in ganglionic organ cultures; and (iv) ATF3 plays a key role in the maintenance of the latent state, inasmuch as expression of ATF3 bereft of the C-terminal activation domain acts as a dominant negative factor, inducing HSV gene expression in ganglionic organ cultures harboring latent virus and incubated in medium containing NGF and EGF. Thus, ATF3 is a component of a cluster of cellular proteins that together with LAT maintain the integrity of the neurons harboring latent virus.
The Trade Union Response to Agency Labour in Sweden

This article explores the possibilities for temporary agency workers to gain union representation at workplace level. Using Heery's classification of four different union responses to agency work—Exclusion, Regulation, Replacement and Engagement—we found that, even though the union wishes to represent agency workers, there are institutional conditions obstructing them from succeeding.
Free Reserves, Total Reserves, and Monetary Control

M OST textbooks and presumably money and banking courses present a fairy tale about Federal Reserve open-market operations. As the story goes, open-market transactions are made (1) to offset random or regular disturbances in the sources and uses of member-bank reserves or (2) to change member-bank reserves and permit monetary expansion or contraction. This is not just an oversimplification. It is wrong. The truth is that the Federal Reserve carries on open-market operations to cushion the money market from a variety of shocks that would, in the absence of offsetting actions, cause member-bank reserve positions to change from a policy-determined target level. The reserve position is defined as memberbank excess reserves less their borrowings from the Federal Reserve. It is termed free reserves when positive and net borrowed reserves when negative.
Currency Depreciation, Hoarding, and Relative Prices

This paper investigates the effects of devaluation in a two-commodity, two- country, and two-money model with full employment and price flexibility. Primary emphasis is placed on the effect of a change in the real value of money on real expenditure and on the effects on relative prices of a redistribution of expenditure between countries. The stability properties of the model are related to the transfer problem in barter theory and to the Marshall-Lerner condition. Given stability, it is shown that a devaluation will improve the balance of payments.
Identiﬁcation of Quantitative Trait Loci for Susceptibility to Mouse Adenovirus Type 1†

Adult SJL/J mice are highly susceptible to mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) infections, whereas other inbred strains, including BALB/cJ, are resistant (K. R. Spindler, L. Fang, M. L. Moore, C. C. Brown, G. N. Hirsch, and A. K. Kajon, J. Virol. 75:12039–12046, 2001). Using congenic mouse strains, we showed that the H-2 s haplotype of SJL/J mice is not associated with susceptibility to MAV-1. Susceptibility of MAV-1-infected (BALB/cJ (cid:1) SJL/J)F 1 mice was intermediate between that of SJL/J mice and that of BALB/cJ mice, indicating that susceptibility is a genetically controlled quantitative trait. We mapped genetic loci involved in mouse susceptibility to MAV-1 by analysis of 192 backcross progeny in a genome scan with 65 simple sequence length polymorphic markers. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL) was detected on chromosome 15 (Chr 15) with a highly signiﬁcant logarithm of odds score of 21. The locus on Chr 15 alone accounts for 40% of the total trait variance between susceptible and resistant strains. QTL modeling of the data indicated that there are a number of other QTLs with small effects that together with the major QTL on Chr 15 account for 54% of the trait variance. Identiﬁcation of the major QTL is the ﬁrst step in characterizing host genes involved in susceptibility to MAV-1.
The Creative Class and Economic Development

The Rise of the Creative Class, which was originally published in 2002, has generated widespread conversation and debate and has had a considerable impact on economic development policy and practice. This essay briefly recaps the key tenants of the creative class theory of economic development, discusses the key issues in the debate over it, and assesses its impacts on economic development policy.
Follicle stimulating hormone‐induced growth promotion and gene expression profiles on ovarian surface epithelial cells

Epidemiologic data have implicated reproductive follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) as a probable risk factor for ovarian cancer (OC) development. Although pituitary and sex hormones have been reported to regulate OC cell growth, no information is available on the influence of FSH on gene expression profiles during ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cell proliferation. This study evaluated the effect of FSH treatment on cell proliferation of various OSE cell lines and gene expression profiles with FSH treatment. Follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) was found at higher expression at both transcriptional and protein levels in ovarian cancerous tissues compared to normal tissues, and FSH was shown to promote cell growth in 3 OSE cell lines. Furthermore, it was also found that overexpression of FSHR in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells leads to cell proliferation. Using cDNA MicroArray analysis on MCV152 cells with FSH treatment, 91 genes were found upregulated and 68 genes downregulated for more than 2‐fold after FSH treatment. Most of the genes were related to metabolism, cell proliferation and oncogenes. Downregulated genes included tumor suppressor genes (RB1, BRCA1, BS69) and the genes related to cell proliferation control. Pathway analysis found that FSH activates certain important enzymes in sterol biosynthesis pathways. FSH‐induced gene expression profiles on MCV152 cells support the standing hypothesis that FSH is a probable risk factor for ovarian cancerous development. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Os efeitos da produtividade e escala no desempenho financeiro das empresas de tecnologia de informação

Are new economy companies really different? This papers aims at investigating the structure of variability in the financial performance of information technology (IT) companies in Brazil, and also at determining the relation between financial performance and two factors specific to companies, namely economies of scale and productivity. Secondary data of the 200 biggest IT companies of Brazil, referring to years 2000 to 2004, was used. The analysis used the techniques of components of variance and multiple regression. The structure of variability of performance was very similar to companies of other sectors, indicating the predominance of the individual firm effect and limited sector and year effects. These findings might raise a question over the "distinction" of the new economy. The results also indicated a significative effect of producitvity on performance, but the same could not be observed on scale. The practical significance of the relation between productivity and performance is discussed.
The Impact of the Affordable Care Act Young Adult Provision on Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from Tax Data

We use a panel data set of US tax records spanning 2008–2012 to study the impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) requirement to allow young adult dependents to be covered by their parents’ insurance policies on labor market-related outcomes. How health insurance expansions affect young adults through employment and education have important implications for public finance. Since tax data record access to employer-provided fringe benefits on W-2 forms, we are able to examine the impact of this coverage expansion by comparing young adults whose parents have access to benefits to other similar-aged young adults, before and after the law, and to young adults who are slightly older than the age threshold of the law. The use of tax data to identify families who have fringe benefits through their employer is an important advantage because the law was implemented during a labor market recovery in which outcomes could differ by age, even absent the law. Despite sizable increases documented elsewhere in insurance coverage resulting from this law, we find no meaningful changes in labor market-related outcomes. We examine a comprehensive set of outcomes (including measures of employment status, job characteristics, and postsecondary education), and are the first to use a triple-difference strategy to examine labor market effects of this law; we are also the first we know of to use tax data to examine the impact of the ACA on labor market outcomes. Although it is possible that labor market outcomes have changed in ways not captured by tax data (e.g., a change in hours of work while holding total wages constant, or a change in nonreported self-employment), our evidence suggests that the extension of health insurance to young adults did not substantially alter their labor market outcomes thus far.
What Can We Learn From 259 Years of Shipping Cycles

This paper has been written with the author's mind on the recent world banking crisis. Four million dwt of ships are about to be delivered by 2011. Using a very long time series indeed of 259 years for dry cargo freight rate index, we have tried to identify shipping cycles. We did not spot long waves of an average duration of 54 years known as Kondratieff waves. Medium cycles of ten and 20 years have been located between 1741 and 2007. For this purpose, we used the V statistic due to Einstein in 1905. Previous writers (Hampton, Stopford, Randers and Goluke) without nonlinear econometrics reached the same conclusion. The four-year cycle is a fact detected by us in another paper. We also tried to answer the question of the expected end of this crisis. We have chosen the 20 years duration instead of ten. This led us to 2028. Other cycles were also revealed.
Moving Up and Moving Out? Economic and Residential Mobility of Low-Income Chicago Families

This article examines the residential and income mobility of 403 low-income Chicago families within a context shaped by welfare and public-housing reforms implemented in the mid-1990s. We assess the extent to which sample members became less poor and less isolated in economically and racially segregated areas in the years following implementation of these reforms. Sample members experienced marked income gains between 1999 and 2002, but the average income reaches a plateau at less than $16,000 per year. Despite significant residential mobility, there was only a slight reduction in the economic segregation of sample members and no discernable change in racial segregation.
Integrating entrepreneurship and strategic management actions to create firm wealth

Creating wealth is at the heart of both entrepreneurship and strategic management. For general managers and entrepreneurs, a keen interest is to learn how to apply entrepreneurial and strategic tools, techniques, and concepts in ways that help the firm create increasing amounts of wealth. Many of the activities that organizations engage in to create wealth take place within six domains: innovation, networks, internationalization, organizational learning, top management teams and governance, and growth. Importantly, the entrepreneurship and strategic management literatures have insights for entrepreneurs and general managers about the value to be gained by paying attention to these six domains. We describe how these insights can be classified as entrepreneurial and strategic actions, and discuss how greater wealth can be created when firms integrate these actions when seeking to create wealth.
Accounting Graduates Perceptions of Skills Emphasis in Undergraduate Courses: An Investigation from Two Victorian Universities

This study investigated the emphasis placed on technical and generic skills developed during undergraduate accounting courses from the graduate perspective. It is motivated by two issues. First, calls by the accounting profession and international education committees regarding the professional adequacy of graduates. Second, the challenge facing educators and professional bodies to design accounting courses that address a diverse range of needs from students, the educational philosophy of the institution, and the changing dynamics of global business. Data obtained from 310 graduates from two Victorian universities provided insights into the types of skills development considered necessary for a successful accounting career.
Beyond “Information”: Integrating Consultation and Education for Water Recycling Initiatives

Recycling is starting to play a significant role in water management in drought-prone Australia. Public responses to recycling are still not well understood, and opportunities for public participation have been limited. We have experimented with a technique to explore responses qualitatively and to encourage deliberation. In small-group meetings, we provide information on recycling technologies and issues and integrate this with opportunities to discuss and question. We have trialed the approach in communities with different experiences of recycling. Our rationale comes from dissatisfaction with existing consultation processes, and with a prevalent technocratic view that people simply need technical information to correct misperceptions and overcome emotional responses; from issues in literatures on participation and social acceptance of technologies; and from a concern that apparent support for recycling is not robust. We illustrate insights from the work into processes of deliberation and possibilities for achieving a better understanding through such methods.
Indoor Power-Line Communications Channel Characterization up to 100 MHz—Part II: Time-Frequency Analysis

Estimations of coherence bandwidth and time-delay parameters from wideband channel sounding measurements made in the 30 kHz-100 MHz band in several indoor environments are described in and taken back in this paper. Powerline communications (PLC) modems rather see a channel which starts almost from 2 MHz . A comparison between coherence bandwidth and time-delay parameters estimated in both frequency bands 30 kHz-100 MHz and 2 MHz-100 MHz is elaborated in this paper. Results are intended for applications in high-capacity indoor power-line networks. The investigation is aimed to show that the PLC channel studies in a band starting from a frequency lower than 2 MHz distorts the real values that an implementer should take, as the PLC modem see only the frequencies from 2 MHz. The coherence bandwidth and the time delay parameters are estimated from measurements of the complex transfer functions of the PLC channels. For the 30 kHz-100 MHz frequency band, the 90 th percentile of the estimated coherence bandwidth at 0.9 correlation level stay above 65.5 kHz and below 691.5 kHz. It was observed to have a minimum value of 32.5 kHz. The maximum excess delay spread results show that 80% of the channels exhibit values between 0.6 s and 6.45 s. And a mean rms delay spread of 0.413 s is obtained. The passage to the 2 MHz-100 MHz frequency band induced an increase of the coherence bandwidth, whose min value is brought back to 43.5 kHz, and an important reduction of the time delay parameters: The min, max, mean, and standard deviation values of the maximum excess delay are almost divided by 2. For the twice frequency bands, this paper studies, also, the variability of the coherence bandwidth and time-delay spread parameters with the channel class , and thus with the location of the receiver with respect to the transmitter, and finally relates the rms delay spread to the coherence bandwidth.