Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In vivo importance of heparan sulfate-binding glycoproteins for murid herpesvirus-4 infection

Many herpesviruses bind to heparan sulfate (HS). Murid herpesvirus-4 (MuHV-4) does so via its envelope glycoproteins gp70 and gH/gL. MuHV-4 gp150 further regulates an HS-independent interaction to make that HS-dependent too. Cell binding by MuHV-4 virions is consequently strongly HS-dependent. Gp70 and gH/gL show some in vitro redundancy: an antibody-mediated blockade of HS binding by one is well tolerated, whereas a blockade of both severely impairs infection. In order to understand the importance of HS binding for MuHV-4 in vivo, we generated mutants lacking both gL and gp70. As expected, gL−gp70− MuHV-4 showed very poor cell binding. It infected mice at high dose but not at low dose, indicating defective host entry. But once entry occurred, host colonization, which for MuHV-4 is relatively independent of the infection dose, was remarkably normal. The gL−gp70− entry deficit was much greater than that of gL− or gp70− single knockouts. And gp150 disruption, which allows HS-independent cell binding, largely rescued the gL−gp70− cell binding and host entry deficits. Thus, it appeared that MuHV-4 HS binding is important in vivo, principally for efficient host entry.
Replication of the Human Hepatitis Delta Virus Genome Is Initiated in Mouse Hepatocytes following Intravenous Injection of Naked DNA or RNA Sequences

ABSTRACT As early as 5 days after DNA copies of the hepatitis delta virus (HDV) genome or even in vitro-transcribed HDV RNA sequences were injected into the mouse tail vein using the hydrodynamics-based transfection procedure of F. Liu et al. (Gene Ther. 6:1258–1266, 1999), it was possible to detect in the liver by Northern analyses of RNA, immunoblots of protein, and immunostaining of liver sections what were considered typical features of HDV genome replication. This transfection strategy should have valuable applications for in vivo studies of HDV replication and pathogenesis and may also be useful for studies of other hepatotropic viruses.
Molecular and Clinical Characterization of Mutations in Transcription Factors

� -Cell transcription factor genes are important in the pathophysiology of the � -cell, with mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1� , HNF-4� , insulin promoter factor (IPF)-1, HNF-1� , and NeuroD1/BETA2, all resulting in early-onset type 2 diabetes. We assessed the relative contribution of these genes to early-onset type 2 diabetes using linkage and sequencing analysis in a cohort of 101 families (95% U.K. Caucasian). The relative distribution of the 90 families fitting maturityonset diabetes of the young (MODY) criteria was 63% HNF-1� , 2% HNF-4� , 0% IPF-1, 1% HNF-1� , 0% NeuroD1/ BETA2, and 20% glucokinase. We report the molecular genetic and clinical characteristics of these patients including 29 new families and 8 novel HNF-1� gene mutations. Mutations in the transactivation domain are more likely to be protein truncating rather than result in amino acid substitutions, suggesting that a relatively severe disruption of this domain is necessary to result in diabetes. Mutations in the different transcription factors result in clinical heterogeneity. IPF-1 mutations are associated with a higher age at diagnosis (42.7 years) than HNF-1� (20.4 years), HNF-1� (24.2 years), or HNF-4� (26.3 years) gene mutations. Subjects with HNF-1� mutations, in contrast to the other transcription factors, frequently present with renal disease. A comparison of age at diagnosis between subjects with different types and locations of HNF-1� mutations did not reveal genotype-phenotype correlations. In conclusion, mutations in transcription factors expressed in the � -cell are the major cause of MODY, and the phenotype clearly varies with the gene that is mutated. There is little evidence to indicate that different mutations within the same gene have different phenotypes. Diabetes 50 (Suppl. 1):S94‐S100, 2001
The measurement of dynamic poverty with geographical and intertemporal price variability: evidence from Rwanda

Little attention has been devoted to the effects of absolute and relative prices variability at local and seasonal levels, for the measurement of living standards in LDCs. In particular, it is not known if a substantial share of welfare or poverty indicators may be the consequence of price differences rather than of differences in living standards across households and seasons. With exogenous poverty lines, we show how the directions of effects of accounting for price variability can be theoretically established for popular poverty indices. With endogenous poverty lines, using data from Rwanda, we show that the composition of the population of the poor can be notably modified by accounting for price variability. The change in aggregate living standards due to price correction is moderate although significant in every quarter, in contrast with the change in poverty which can be considerable. The correction yields generally a larger transient seasonal share of annual poverty. In terms of impact of the price correction on the assessment of poverty, the poverty line or the quarter are generally more influential than the formula of the poverty indicator. Though, poverty indicators giving a high importance to the severity of poverty are more likely to lead to a strong effect of prices. However, the sign of change in poverty indicator is not systematically related with parameters of poverty indices or with poverty lines. These results support the necessity in poverty measurement, of an accurate correction for geographical and seasonal price effects, whose directions cannot be easily predicted. Nonetheless with exogenous poverty lines, for an important class of axiomatically valid poverty indices, the change in poverty with compensation for keeping the harmonic aggregate mean of price indices constant, is always positive.
Safety Evaluation of Alcoholic Extract of Boswellia ovalifoliolata Stem-bark in Rats

The safety profile of alcoholic extract of stem-bark of B. ovalifoliolata was investigated in male Wistar albino rats as per OECD guidelines 407. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of six rats each. Group 1 served as control and was given 0.3% carboxymethylcellulose, groups 2, 3 and 4 were given alcoholic extract of B. ovalifoliolata @ 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg respectively in 0.3% carboxymethylcellulose orally for 28 days. The animals were observed daily for clinical signs, mortality, physiological and behavioral changes. Body weights were measured at weekly intervals and various hematological parameters like Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC and serum biochemical profile which included AST, ALT, creatine phosphokinase, creatinine, total protein and antioxidant parameters like TBARS and GSH in liver were estimated at the end of experimental period. There were no clinical signs of abnormality. The weekly body weights, organ weights and hematological parameters did not vary significantly amongst the groups. The mean activity of AST, ALT and CPK, and the concentration of serum creatinine, total protein, TBARS and GSH did not differ significantly among the groups. Histological abnormalities of toxicological significance were not detected in groups 2 and 3. However, mild histopathological alterations were observed in higher dose group 4. In conclusion, the present study revealed that the alcoholic extract of stem-bark of B. ovalifoliolata is safe at lower doses of 100 and 500 mg/kg. Hence, alcoholic extract of stem bark of B. ovalifoliolata is safe and no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) is found to be 500 mg/kg following repeated oral administration for 28 days in rats.
Commentary on the scope for rehabilitation in severely disabled stroke patients

Health services in developed countries face an increasing dilemma in the management and care of severely disabled people. Improved clinical standards have resulted in a reduction in mortality but greater costs. There is nowhere this is seen more than in stroke management. The Health of the Nation (1992) made speci® c targets to reduce mortality in stroke " and the latest green paper `Our Healthier Nation ’ has proposed reducing this by a further third. # The combination of this and an ever ageing populationheralds the scenario of more severely disabled people surviving in greater numbers. What should we be doing for them? Gladman and Sackley (1998) have recently published a paper questioning the scope of our ability to respond to these patients and this commentary attempts to widen the discussion of this important issue, which in ̄ uences on our society in terms of health, ® nancial, moral and ethical considerations. $ Our health services have not really addressed the implications of managing this group of patients in terms of providing rehabilitation, what should be done and for how long, what should or should not be provided in comparison to less severely disabled people and what proportion of resources should be directed? Gladman and Sackley describe four situations which are referred to as drawbacks to rehabilitation. They are :$
Variation-aware evaluation of MPSoC task allocation and scheduling strategies using statistical model checking

To maximize the overall performance yield, variation-aware analysis is becoming a key step in Multiprocessor System-on-Chip (MP-SoC) Task Allocation and Scheduling (TAS). Although various approaches have been investigated to improve performance yields, most of them cannot perform quantitative comparison among existing TAS heuristics, which is important for MPSoC designers to make decisions. Based on the statistical model checker UPPAAL-SMC, we propose a framework that can automatically evaluate the performance yield of TAS strategies under time and power constraints with variations. Experimental results show that our approach can not only filter inferior strategies efficiently, but also support the automated tuning of architecture and constraint parameters to achieve the required performance yield.
Simulation of drop testing at extremely high accelerations

Advances in drop tower technology have extended the range of obtainable accelerations in drop testing from 5,000 Gs to as much as 100,000 Gs. To achieve excitations in excess of the conventional 5,000 Gs, a mechanical accelerator, called the Dual Mass Shock Amplifier (DMSA), is mounted on the drop table. This device produces extremely high, short duration shock amplitudes, by using secondary impacts. In this study, we use transient finite element analysis with nonlinear contact elements, to assess the DMSA table acceleration response profile (height and width) as a function of different system parameters like DMSA design parameters, programmer configuration, drop height, etc. DMSA design variables include table weight, height of the rebound travel rods, stiffness of rebound springs, and rebound damper materials. The programmer configuration includes: (i) height, diameter, material and surface shape of the programmer cylinder that is placed between the drop table and the shock table; (ii) thickness and damping coefficients of the programmer layers placed between the DMSA base and DMSA table; (iii) programmer tubes between the DMSA table and the DMSA rebound stopper bar. Contact elements in the finite element analysis (FEA) are introduced between the shock and drop tables and also between the DMSA base, DMSA table and DMSA rebound stopper bar. Specimen fixtures of different weights are introduced on the DMSA table to see the effect of the payload weight. The effect of these variables in the DMSA table acceleration profile are parametrically explored.
Adaptive reuse as a strategy towards conservation of cultural heritage: a literature review

The paper presents a survey of scholarly literature on the subject of adaptive reuse within the discipline of heritage conservation and architecture. The different theories are compared and classified according to their approach towards adaptive reuse. Three main approaches can be distinguished: typological, technical and architectural strategies. Each approach is discussed separately and an overview of relevant literature is presented in a schematic way. To conclude, we indicate four important gaps in existing theories on adaptive reuse of historic buildings.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction—Not Exactly a One-Way Ticket Back to the Preinjury Level

Context: A recently updated meta-analysis of return-to-sport rates after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction demonstrated that 65% of athletes returned to their preinjury level of sport after surgery. The aim of this clinical review was to explore contextual factors associated with returning or not returning to the preinjury level after ACL reconstruction. Evidence Acquisition: Data were obtained from peer-reviewed literature via a search of the electronic databases Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus from database inception to January 2015. The keywords anterior cruciate ligament and return to sport were used. Additional literature was identified via hand-searching of the reference lists of relevant articles and the ePublication lists of key scientific journals. Random effects meta-analyses were used to pool the results of modifiable contextual factors and to examine their association with returning or not returning to the preinjury level of sport after surgery. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Results: Lower fear of reinjury (standardized mean difference, 0.7), greater psychological readiness to return to sport (standardized mean difference, 1.0), and a more positive subjective assessment of knee function (standardized mean difference, 0.9) favored return to the preinjury level after surgery. Conclusion: Returning or not returning to the preinjury level after ACL reconstruction is complex and multifactorial. Screening for potentially modifiable contextual factors, particularly psychological factors, early after ACL injury may help clinicians identify athletes who could be at risk of not returning to the preinjury level of sport and institute interventions that could improve returning to sport.
The Clash of Family Values: The PLA's Grassroots Officer Couples

This article explores the opposing perceptions of Chinese family values, confronted by the grassroots officer couples of the People's Liberation Army (PLA). Individual freedom-centered family values, associated with reforms, emphasize the importance of private family life. Yet, the PLA continues to impose institutional control-centered family values, sustained by Confucian culture, on the grassroots officer couples to compel them to self-sacrifice for public life. The clash of family values has dysfunctionalized their families, eroded their morale, and undermined their career commitment. Without the properly refined family values, however, the grassroots officer couples will not meet PLA needs and expectations in the twenty-first century.
Ovarian Changes in Ataxia Telangiectasia

Ataxia telangiectasia is a well recognized syndrome involving several body systems [l, 5, 61. Recently, attention has been drawn t o the frequency of immunologic involvement in this disorder [lo]. The purpose of this report is to describe the occurrence of ovarian follicular agenesis in a child with ataxia telangiectasis and t o emphasize the frequency of ovarian abnormalities occurring in this syndrome.
Analysis of periodicity of extinction using the 2012 geological timescale

Abstract Analysis of two independent data sets with increased taxonomic resolution (genera rather than families) using the revised 2012 timescale reveals that an extinction periodicity first detected by Raup and Sepkoski (1984) for only the post-Paleozoic actually runs through the entire Phanerozoic. Although there is not a local peak of extinction every 27 Myr, an excess of the fraction of genus extinction by interval follows a 27-Myr timing interval and differs from a random distribution at the p ∼ 0.02 level. A 27-Myr periodicity in the spectrum of interval lengths no longer appears, removing the question of a possible artifact arising from it. Using a method originally developed in Bambach (2006) we identify 19 intervals of marked extinction intensity, including mass extinctions, spanning the last 470 Myr (and with another six present in the Cambrian) and find that ten of the 19 lie within ±3 Myr of the maxima in the spacing of the 27-Myr periodicity, which differs from a random distribution at the p = 0.004 level. These 19 intervals of marked extinction intensity also preferentially occur during decreasing diversity phases of a well-known 62-Myr periodicity in diversity (16 of 19, p = 0.002). Both periodicities appear to enhance the likelihood of increased severity of extinction, but the cause of neither periodicity is known. Variation in the strength of the many suggested causes of extinction coupled to the variation in combined effect of the two different periodicities as they shift in and out of phase is surely one of the reasons that definitive comparative study of the causes of major extinction events is so elusive.
Src family kinases and lipid mediators in control of allergic inflammation

Summary: The Src family kinases Fyn and Lyn are important modulators of the molecular events initiated by engagement of the high‐affinity IgE receptor (FcɛRI). These kinases control many of the early signaling events and initiate the production of several lipid metabolites that have an important role in regulating mast cell responses. The intracellular level of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)‐trisphosphate (PIP3), which is produced by phosphatidylinositol 3‐OH kinase, plays an important role in determining the extent of a mast cells response to a stimulus. Enhanced levels lead to a hyperdegranulating phenotype (as seen in SHIP‐1−/− and Lyn−/− mast cells), whereas decreased levels cause hypodegranulation (as seen in Fyn−/− mast cells). Downregulation of mast cell phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosone 10 expression, a phosphatase that reduces cellular levels of PIP3, caused constitutive cytokine production, demonstrating that this response is particularly sensitive to PIP3 levels. Lyn and Fyn are also intimately linked to other lipid kinases, like sphingosine kinases (SphK). By producing sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P), SphKs contribute to mast cell chemotaxis and degranulation. In vivo studies now reveal that circulating S1P as well as that found within the mast cell is important in determining mast cell responsiveness. These studies demonstrate the connection between Src protein tyrosine kinases and lipid second messengers that control mast cell function and allergic responses.
Lignocellulose degradation and humus modification by the fungus Paecilomyces inflatus

Abstract Composting is the biological conversion of solid organic waste into usable end prod-ucts such as fertilizers, substrates for mushroom production and biogas. Although com-posts are highly variable in their bulk composition, composting material is generally based on lignocellulose compounds derived from agricultural, forestry, fruit and veg-etable processing, household and municipal wastes. Lignocellulose is very recalcitrant; however it is rich and abundant source of carbon and energy. Therefore lignocellulose degradation is essential for maintaining the global carbon cycle. In compost, the active component involved in the biodegradation and conversion processes is the resident mi-crobial population, among which microfungi play a very important role. In composting pile the warm, humid, and aerobic environment provides the optimal conditions for their development. Microfungi use many carbon sources, including lignocellulosic poly-mers and can survive in extreme conditions. Typically microfungi are responsible for compost maturation. In order to improve the composting process, more information is needed about the microbial degradation process. Better knowledge on the lignocellulose degradation by microfungi could be used to optimize the composting process. Thus, this thesis focused on lignocellulose and humic compounds degradation by a microfungus
Effect of Waveform Tilt on Defibrillation Thresholds in Humans

Effect of Tilt on Defibrillation Threshold. Introduction: Despite the common use of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator to treat patients with life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmias, the mechanism of defibrillation and the optimal waveform for implanted devices are poorly understood. All of the currently available pulse generators deliver exponentially declining pulses that are either automatically or manually truncated to achieve tilts of about 50% to 65%. Although this value was chosen based on experimental animal data, several theoretical models have been developed to describe defibrillation, which raise into question this choice of waveform shape. Accordingly, the present study was designed to test the effect of waveform tilt on defibrillation efficacy in humans.
Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) Signaling Network Is Modulated by a Novel Poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent Pathway in the Early Response to DNA-damaging Agents*

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a post-translational modification that is instantly stimulated by DNA strand breaks creating a unique signal for the modulation of protein functions in DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint pathways. Here we report that lack of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis leads to a compromised response to DNA damage. Deficiency in poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation metabolism induces profound cellular sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, particularly in cells deficient for the protein kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM). At the biochemical level, we examined the significance of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis on the regulation of early DNA damage-induced signaling cascade initiated by ATM. Using potent PARP inhibitors and PARP-1 knock-out cells, we demonstrate a functional interplay between ATM and poly(ADP-ribose) that is important for the phosphorylation of p53, SMC1, and H2AX. For the first time, we demonstrate a functional and physical interaction between the major DSB signaling kinase, ATM and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation by PARP-1, a key enzyme of chromatin remodeling. This study suggests that poly(ADP-ribose) might serve as a DNA damage sensory molecule that is critical for early DNA damage signaling.
Balancing and Walking Control for a Torque-controlled Humanoid Robot

Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. has been developing humanoid robots for years. Roboray, the latest developed humanoid robot in Fig. 1, has many different characteristics from the previous robots, e.g. Mahru series [1]. The main difference is that Roboray can be torque-controlled with torque sensors at all joints in the lower limbs. There exist some released biped robots which have torque/force controlled joints, like DLR biped [2], M2V2 [3], CB [4], and PETMAN. These robots showed their good performance on balancing, push recovery, stepping or walking on uneven terrain, and so on. In this study, we have tried several new ideas and developed walking and balancing algorithms for Roboray. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to introduce one of our walking algorithms, which shows the characteristic of torque-controlled hardware well.