Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Travelling with a Purpose: Understanding the Motives and Benefits of Volunteer Vacationers

With the growing trend of volunteer vacations, research has been warranted in regard to understanding the motivational factors of individuals who participate in such endeavors. With this understanding, the goal is to increase these travel offerings in the industry, which will bring better understanding between cultures. This study examines different travel motivation factors for someone who chooses to use part of their vacation participating in volunteer or humanitarian activities. Considering that ‘mission’ often has connotations of a religious purpose, the phrase ‘travelling with a purpose’ brings on even more significance as this concept expands. To understand travel motivation in general, a variety of scales and theories have been researched. Maslow, Dann, Iso-Ahola, Plog and Pearce are some included in the Literature Review. A qualitative focus group and semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted. The analysis of the data revealed that four main themes for why people traveled with a purpose emerged. Cultural immersion was a strong objective; the desire to give back; the camaraderie that occurs on volunteer vacations; and the fourth theme focused on family. Non-verbal communication and bonding occurs at several levels with the local people and family members. This is a good example of cultivating peace through tourism.
Value Regularization and Fenchel Duality

Regularization is an approach to function learning that balances fit and smoothness. In practice, we search for a function f with a finite representation f = Σi ci φi(·). In most treatments, the ci are the primary objects of study. We consider value regularization, constructing optimization problems in which the predicted values at the training points are the primary variables, and therefore the central objects of study. Although this is a simple change, it has profound consequences. From convex conjugacy and the theory of Fenchel duality, we derive separate optimality conditions for the regularization and loss portions of the learning problem; this technique yields clean and short derivations of standard algorithms. This framework is ideally suited to studying many other phenomena at the intersection of learning theory and optimization. We obtain a value-based variant of the representer theorem, which underscores the transductive nature of regularization in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. We unify and extend previous results on learning kernel functions, with very simple proofs. We analyze the use of unregularized bias terms in optimization problems, and low-rank approximations to kernel matrices, obtaining new results in these areas. In summary, the combination of value regularization and Fenchel duality are valuable tools for studying the optimization problems in machine learning.
Overdiagnosis: How Our Compulsion for Diagnosis May Be Harming Children

Overdiagnosis occurs when a true abnormality is discovered, but detection of that abnormality does not benefit the patient. It should be distinguished from misdiagnosis, in which the diagnosis is inaccurate, and it is not synonymous with overtreatment or overuse, in which excess medication or procedures are provided to patients for both correct and incorrect diagnoses. Overdiagnosis for adult conditions has gained a great deal of recognition over the last few years, led by realizations that certain screening initiatives, such as those for breast and prostate cancer, may be harming the very people they were designed to protect. In the fall of 2014, the second international Preventing Overdiagnosis Conference will be held, and the British Medical Journal will produce an overdiagnosis-themed journal issue. However, overdiagnosis in children has been less well described. This special article seeks to raise awareness of the possibility of overdiagnosis in pediatrics, suggesting that overdiagnosis may affect commonly diagnosed conditions such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bacteremia, food allergy, hyperbilirubinemia, obstructive sleep apnea, and urinary tract infection. Through these and other examples, we discuss why overdiagnosis occurs and how it may be harming children. Additionally, we consider research and education strategies, with the goal to better elucidate pediatric overdiagnosis and mitigate its influence.
The Portability of Family Therapy to Different Cultural and Socio-Economic Contexts

This paper addresses the question of the applicability of Western family therapy theories and techniques in different cultural and social-economic contests. The impact of ethnic and class factors on the family system, and its implications for practice are discussed. The conclusion drawn is that Western family therapy literature is insufficient to guide applications in other countries with different social, economic and political systems and that therapists should translate concepts and principles before using them.
Terminology for Benchmarking Link-State IGP Data-Plane Route Convergence

This document describes the terminology for benchmarking Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) Route Convergence. The terminology is to be used for benchmarking IGP convergence time through externally observable (black box) data plane measurements. The terminology can be applied to any link-state IGP, such as ISIS and OSPF. Link-State IGP Data Plane Route Convergence
Chronic thalamic stimulation for treatment of dystonic paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia

The authors report the effect of chronic stimulation of the ventrointermediate (Vim) thalamus for treatment of dystonic paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesias (PNKD). A 37-year-old patient had a 4-year history of severe and painful PNKD of the right arm. Chronic stimulation through a stereotactically implanted monopolar electrode in the left Vim resulted in a decrease of the frequency, duration, and intensity of the dystonic paroxysmal movement disorder. The benefit of stimulation has been maintained over 4 years of follow-up.
The common vaginal commensal bacterium Ureaplasma parvum is associated with chorioamnionitis in extreme preterm labor

Abstract Objective: To assess the association of vaginal commensal and low-grade pathogenic bacteria including Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Group B streptococcus (GBS), and Gardnerella vaginalis, in women who delivered preterm at less than 37-week gestation in the presence or absence of inflammation of the chorioamnionitic membranes. Methods: A case control study involving women who delivered before 37-week gestation with and without inflammation of chorioamnionitic membranes. A total of 57 placental samples were histologically examined for polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration of placental tissue for evidence of chorioamnionitis, and by type-specific nucleic acid amplification for evidence of infection with one or more of the target bacteria. Demographic data were collected for each mother. Results: Among the 57 placental samples, 42.1% had chorioamnionitis and 24.6% delivered in the second trimester of pregnancy; U. parvum, U. urealyticum, G. vaginalis, and GBS were all detected in the study with respective prevalence of 19.3%, 3.5%, 17.5%, and 15.8%; M. genitalium and M. hominis were not detected. U. parvum was significantly associated with chorioamnionitis (p = 0.02; OR 5.0; (95% CI 1.2–21.5) and was more common in women who delivered in the second (35.7%) compared to the third trimester of pregnancy (13.9%). None of the other bacteria were associated with chorioamnionitis or earlier delivery, and all G. vaginalis-positive women delivered in the third trimester of pregnancy (p = 0.04). Conclusions: The detection of U. parvum in placental tissue was significantly associated with acute chorioamnionitis in women presenting in extreme preterm labor.
From rhetoric towards a model of practical knowledge management systems

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the factors influencing the adoption and diffusion of knowledge management systems (KMSs) in Australia.Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative field study was undertaken, in which six Australian organizations of various sizes, all in various stages of KMS adoption and diffusion, were studied via face‐to‐face interviews with key personnel in the organizations.Findings – A comprehensive combined model of adoption and diffusion of KMS was developed and is presented in detail.Practical limitations/implications – This paper explains how the combined model can be used for practical applications in companies that are embarking on KMS adoption and diffusion.Originality/value – This study contributes to the KMS literature by taking a qualitative research approach to develop a comprehensive model.
On the 'Organizational Identity' Metaphor

This article reviews and evaluates the heuristic status of 'organizational identity' as a metaphor for the generation of knowledge about the subject that it supposedly illuminates. This is done by drawing out the general uses and utility of metaphors within organizational theory and research, on the basis of which the article assesses the 'organizational identity' metaphor with the objective of providing insight into whether this particular metaphor is warranted and has any heuristic value for our understanding of organizational life.
Social Distance and Misidentification

The present study examines the impact of national and ethnic divisions on misidentification. In that respect this study is the first of its kind. The study of misidentification on the national level involves a comparison of Israeli and Canadian samples, while the cross-ethnic aspect of the study relies on a comparison of three ethnic groups within the Israeli sample. The findings from the experimental test of identification ability reveal that national distinction (Canadian-Israeli), as well as the inter-society grouping (Ashkenazic-Sephardic-Arab), affect the amount of both types of errors: nonidentification and false identification. The comparison of the ethnic distance (within society) to the national distance (between societies) suggests that the national distance separating societies is far more powerful as a cause for both types of errors than the ethnic distance separating groups within a society.
Context-based recommendation to support problem solving in software development

During the software development process, developers are often faced with problem solving situations. For instance, it is common the occurrence of exceptions, that originate stack traces in the Console View of the IDE. These situations motivate the developer to use the Web to search for information. However, there is a gap between the IDE and the Web, requiring developers to spend significant time searching for relevant information and navigating through web pages in a Web browser. We propose to process the information of exception stack traces and retrieve question-answering web resources to help developers. We developed a tool that integrates recommendation of question/answer web resources in Eclipse, according to the context of these exception stack traces. The results of a preliminary experimentation are promising, showing that our approach performs better than a simple keyword-based approach.
Early Childhood Aetiology of Internalising Difficulties: A Longitudinal Community Study

Internalising problems affect one in seven children in the population and show stability from the pre-school years. This longitudinal study sought to detail early childhood development of internalising difficulties in a community sample including a substantial proportion at risk because of family stress. Two recruitment phases, the first with wellfunctioning families, the second with stressed parents, provided the community sample of two-year-old children (N = 163), who were followed to four years (96% retention). Primary caregiving parents completed validated questionnaires measuring parenting practices, family stress, parent symptoms of anxiety-depression, and child inhibition and internalising difficulties. The direct predictors of young children's internalising difficulties were inhibition, as well as over-involved/protective and less warmengaged parenting. Family stress and parent anxiety depression predicted little variance in early childhood internalising difficulties independent of parenting practices. The key risks can be addressed in designing and trialling prevention programmes for child anxiety and depression.
SemRelData ― Multilingual Contextual Annotation of Semantic Relations between Nominals: Dataset and Guidelines

Semantic relations play an important role in linguistic knowledge representation. Although their role is relevant in the context of written text, there is no approach or dataset that makes use of contextuality of classic semantic relations beyond the boundary of one sentence. We present the SemRelData dataset that contains annotations of semantic relations between nominals in the context of one paragraph. To be able to analyse the universality of this context notion, the annotation was performed on a multi-lingual and multi-genre corpus. To evaluate the dataset, it is compared to large, manually created knowledge resources in the respective languages. The comparison shows that knowledge bases not only have coverage gaps; they also do not account for semantic relations that are manifested in particular contexts only, yet still play an important role for text cohesion.
Language identification of person names using CF-IOF based weighing function

Information about the language of origin helps in generating pronunciation for foreign words, specially person names, in a text-to-speech synthesis system. It can be used to apply language specific letter-to-sound (LTS) rules to these words during synthesis. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for using substrings of a person name (called letter N-grams) to identify the language of its origin. We use a weight for the letter N-grams that is motivated by the techniques used in text document classification, different from the usual N-gram probabilities used in earlier approaches. We also propose a tree based approach to select the letter N-grams of different lengths for language identification. Several experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach and compare it with those of the earlier proposed approaches based on N-gram probabilities. We show an improvement in classification results over the earlier approaches without using any language specific rules.
Mutational Analyses of the Nonconserved Sequences in the Bunyamwera Orthobunyavirus S Segment Untranslated Regions

ABSTRACT Bunyamwera virus (BUNV) is the prototype of the genus Orthobunyavirus and the family Bunyaviridae. BUNV has a tripartite genome of negative-sense RNA composed of small (S), medium (M), and large (L) segments. Partially complementary untranslated regions (UTRs) flank the coding region of each segment. The terminal 11 nucleotides of these UTRs are conserved between the three segments and throughout the genus, while the internal regions are unique to each segment and largely nonconserved between different viruses. To investigate the functions of the UTR sequences, we constructed a series of BUNV S segment cDNA clones with deletions in the 3′ and/or 5′ UTR and then attempted to rescue these segments into recombinant viruses. We found that the genomic 5′ UTR was much more sensitive to mutation than the 3′ UTR and, in general, sequences proximal to the termini were more important than those flanking the coding region. Northern blot analyses of infected-cell RNA showed that the internal, nonconserved sequences of the S segment 3′ UTR play a role in the regulation of transcription and replication and the balance between these two processes. In contrast, deletions in the 5′ UTR caused attenuation of the recombinant virus but did not specifically affect levels of S segment RNAs or the encoded nucleocapsid protein. Thus, the internal regions of both UTRs are functional: most of the 5′ UTR is essential to viral growth, and, while nonessential, the internal 3′ UTR is important to the regulation of viral RNA synthesis.
Information Technology and Social Loafing: A Qualitative Investigation

While ICT-supported teams are increasingly popular, most suffer from a phenomenon called social loafing (SL). SL is the tendency to withhold one’s effort when working with others. Past research has examined various determinants and mechanisms of SL but the relationships between IT and SL have remained largely unexplored. Our objectives are to identify the key factors that play a role in SL in ICT-supported groups and to investigate how IT can influence SL. Drawing from the literature and on the basis of seven case studies, we identified four categories of factors related to personal, group, context and type of task. We will conduct additional cases to advance our theory development on the influence of IT on SL. The implications for research are important since this study will provide a better understanding of the determinants of SL and the role IT can play in influencing such behaviors in teams and organizations.
Framing through temporal metaphor: The “bridges” of Bob Dole and Bill Clinton in their 1996 acceptance addresses

This essay argues that Bill Clinton's 1996 Acceptance Address enacted rhetorical framing through skillful use of metaphor. Dole's Acceptance Address contained an off‐handed suggestion that he would be a bridge to an earlier time of tranquility; essentially, a bridge to the past. Two weeks later Clinton insistently proposed that he would help build a “bridge to the future,”; rejecting what he represented as Dole's “bridge to the past. ”; Clinton's metaphors effectively functioned as frames for favorably interpreting himself and his agenda—as well as for unfavorably interpreting Dole and his agenda. A new form of framing transformation (“metaphoric”) is identified and suggestions for effective use of metaphors are derived from the evaluation of Clinton's discourse. This case study illustrates now rhetorical critics can support claims of effects from rhetorical discourses.
A Power-Gating Scheme for MCML Circuits with Separable-Sizing Sleep Transistors

Power-efficient designs are essential for micro-power sensor systems. This paper presents a power-gating scheme for MCML (MOS Current Mode Logic) circuits with separable-sizing sleep transistors. In the proposed scheme, two high-threshold power-gating transistors are inserted between load transistors and outputs of the MCML circuits. The widths and lengths of sleep transistors in power-gated blocks are separately adjusted, which are independent of the bias circuit. Basic cells and a 1-bit full adder are used to verify the correctness of the proposed scheme. The power consuming comparisons between conventional MCML and proposed power-gating MCML circuits are carried out. The 1-bit MCML full adder based on the proposed scheme nearly saves 36% of energy dissipations with respect to no-power-gating MCML one, for a power-gating activity of 0.6. Moreover, the proposed power-gating MCML circuit also has a great advantage in power dissipations in high frequency regions compared with the power-gating static CMOS ones. The power consumption of the MCML 1-bit full adder based on the proposed scheme is 63.2%, 44.8%, and 36.97% compared with the power- gating static CMOS one when the operating frequency is 1GHz, 1.5GHz, and 2GHz, respectively.
Keeping Mozart in Mind

0 Keeping Mozart in Mind, 2nd ed. By Gordon Shaw. Elsevier Academic Press (200 Wheeler Road, 6th Floor, Burlington, MA 01803; 800-5452522; fax, 800-568-5136; http:// books.elsevier.com), 2004. 411 pp. Index, glossary, CD/CD-ROM, music examples, black-and-white and color illustrations. Hardback, $39.95. Keeping Mozart in Mind is written by Gordon Shaw, one of the researchers of the study that led to the coining of the phrase the "Mozart Effect. " His text serves to explain the research, both past and present, and also addresses the misuses of the research. The primary conclusion of his work is that music enhances spatial-temporal reasoning skills, important in math and science. The book is aptly named and brings to our attention the scientific research institute formed by Shaw with the goal of enhancing children's reasoning and creativity, the Musical Intelligence Neural Development (MIND) Institute. The text is divided into six parts, the last of which contains new and updated material since the first edition and discusses new
A. M. Schaerlaekens & S. Gillis. De taalverwerving van het kind. Een hernieuwde oriëntatie in het Nederlandstalig onderzoek . Groningen: Wolters-Noordhoff, 1987. Pp. 254.

De taalverwerving van het kind. Een hernieuwde orientatie in het Nederlandstalig onderzoek by Anne-Marie Schaerlaekens and Steven Gillis {The acquisition of language by children. A renewed orientation into Dutch research) is a heavily adapted and updated version of Schaerlaekens' widely read and much appreciated book of 1977 De taalontwikkeling van het kind. Een orientatie in het Nederlandstalig onderzoek {The development of language by children. An orientation into Dutch research). The 1977 publication was primarily a textbook aiming to inform a wide readership about the history of international child language research and to present a global view of the course of pre-school language development in children learning Dutch as a first language. Essentially, this new book is also a textbook and has basically the same aims as the earlier publication. However, apart from the fact that it takes into account data on Dutch child language that have come to the fore in the decade between 1977 and 1987, the main difference with the 1977 book is that the 1987 book presents an integrated picture of the acquisition process: a lot of emphasis is placed on interactional and communicative aspects and on the role of the input, and the authors stress the mutual dependence of phonetics, phonology, morphosyntax and semantics. The book starts off with a short survey of child language research in general. This survey offers a global view of how children acquire language and introduces a number of issues that have been of general concern in the field. It emerges from this survey that the authors see children's language as being closely linked to their social, emotional and cognitive development, and that they regard children's linguistic environments as paramount in the acquisition process. A brief historical overview of landmarks in the international study of child language rounds off this first introductory chapter. The next chapter examines the nature and role of the child's linguistic environment in more detail. Many general insights from studies of Englishspeaking caretakers are brought together in a very readable text, and applied to and exemplified by excerpts of conversations between a young Dutchspeaking boy, Maarten, and his mother (these excerpts are taken from a detailed longitudinal case study of the acquisition of linguistic reference carried out by the second author see Gillis, 1984). Specific syntactic and morphological features of Dutch motherese are discussed largely on the basis of Beheydt (1979). The following four chapters comprise a chronological overview of the language development of children growing up in a Dutch-speaking environment. The first of these concerns the preverbal period, which covers the child's first year of life. This short but well-written and lucid chapter centres
Developing a Morphological Segmenter for Russian America

This paper presents an algorithm for developing a morphological segmenter for Russian. The segmenter can find multiple prefixes and suffixes for any given word. Therefore it is more suitable for a highly inflected language than a segmenter that is limited to at most one prefix or suffix. The segmenter requires a small hand segmented corpus to bootstrap from, and a larger unsegmented corpus from which to learn. The algorithm uses trigram probabilities, and Witten-Bell smoothing to predict the correct segmentation of a word. A filtering step is also used to weed out bad segmentations.