Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phylogenomic Analysis Resolves the Formerly Intractable Adaptive Diversification of the Endemic Clade of East Asian Cyprinidae (Cypriniformes)

Despite their great diversity and biological importance, evolutionary relationships among the endemic clade of East Asian Cyprinidae remain ambiguous. Understanding the phylogenetic history of this group involves many challenges. For instance, ecomorphological convergence may confound morphology-based phylogenetic inferences, and previous molecular phylogenetic studies based on single genes have often yielded contradictory and poorly supported trees. We assembled a comprehensive data matrix of 100 nuclear gene segments (∼ 71132 base pairs) for representative species of the endemic East Asian cyprinid fauna and recovered a robust phylogeny from this genome-wide signal supported by multiple analytical methods, including maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Relaxed molecular clock analyses indicated species radiations of this clade concentrated at approximately 1.9–7.6 MYA. We provide evidence that the bursts of diversification in this fauna are directly linked to major paleoenvironmental events associated with monsoon evolution occurring from late Miocene to Pliocene. Ancestral state reconstruction reveals convergent morphological characters are hypothesized to be independent products of similar selective pressures in ecosystems. Our study is the first comprehensive phylogenetic study of the enigmatic East-Asian cyprinids. The explicit molecular phylogeny provides a valuable framework for future research in genome evolution, adaptation and speciation of cyprinids.
Classifying Financial News With Neural Networks

One of the biggest challenges facing financial research and trading organizations is how to well exploit unstructured financial information such as textual announcements. The automatic classification of this type of data poses many challenges for learning systems because the feature vector used to represent a document must capture some of the complex semantics of natural language. In this paper we discuss the use of neural networks in the classification of financial news. The input dimensionality has been reduced using the 2 χ statistic. The generalization was controlled using a number of cross-validation sets, one for each experiment.
Designing a Physical Aid to Support Active Reading on Tablets

Tablet computers and portable eReaders are gradually becoming the preferred platform for the consumption of textual materials. However, although these technologies are powerful, it is widely acknowledged that print documents better support the advanced active reading tasks necessary to gain a deep understanding of a text. While prior work to address this issue has aimed improve digital eReaders by either leveraging familiar physical affordances or by extending paper's capabilities with digital tools, in this paper we propose a juncture of these two approaches. We first present a formative study that captures the needs and requirements of users during active reading tasks with tablets. We instantiate the findings in the design of a simple physical aid to support active reading: a smart bookmark. We then define an interaction space for this device, describe a set of interfaces designed to facilitate active reading and close with a user study that assesses the potential of the bookmark device and interaction techniques.
Performance of Speckle Noise Reduction Filters on Active Radar and SAR Images

Reduction of speckle noise is one of the most important processes to increase the quality of radar coherent images. Image variances or speckle is a granular noise that inherently exists in and degrades the quality of the active radar and SAR images. Before using active radar and SAR imageries, the very first step is to reduce the effect of Speckle noise. Most of speckle reduction techniques have been studied by researchers; however, there is no comprehensive method that takes all the constraints into consideration. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images are becoming more widely used in remote sensing applications. SAR uses microwave radiation to illuminate the earth's surface. The coherent microwave illumination, however, suffers from fading effects result in generating a multiplicative speckle noise that corrupts SAR images. Filtering is one of the common methods which is used to reduce the speckle noises. This paper compares six different speckle reduction filters quantitatively using both simulated and real imageries. The results have been presented by filtered images, statistical tables and diagrams. Finally, the best filter has been recommended based on the statistical and experimental results.
Heterogeneity of subjective health changes after retirement transition: is meaning in life a protective resource?

Background: Subjective health (SH) is an important indicator of well-being, particularly due to its prediction of mortality among older adults. Meaning in life(MiL) may serve a protective resource towards its deterioration when facing critical life events. Thus, the aim of the study was to examine trajectories of SH within one year after transition to retirement. Changes in MiL and its cross-lagged relationships with SH were hypothesized to differ significantly between these trajectories. Methods: As a part of larger project subjective health and meaning in life were assessed four times within 12 months among 596 newly retirees (n=266 Polish, n=330 German) aged between 53-74 years. Findings: Latent class growth curve modeling with sociodemographic variables as covariates revealed four trajectories of subjective health change: 1. high and stable SH (resiliency, n= 162); 2. and 3. different intercepts but similar quadratic slopes, i.e. first decrease then increase of SH (adaptation, n = 161 and 130, respectively) and 4. low and linearly decreasing SH (deterioration, n = 143). As expected, these trajectories differ in terms of MiL changes, however MiL and SH did not influence each other (all cross-lagged paths equal to zero). Discussion: Pattern of SH change after normative life event was heterogeneous with a baseline SH as predictor of further changes over time of the study. MiL neither protected from deterioration nor supported adaptation although its higher values were related to better SH trajectories. The time frame of the study, sample characteristics and situational context are possible explanations to be considered.
Brief Notes

Cell Wall and Cytoplasmic M e m b r a n e of Escherichia coli. * BY EDOUAm) K~LLE~mEROER arm Azcro~Ea'rE RYTER. The existence of two envelopes in bacteria has been postulated to account for numerous observations related to the presence of an osmotic barrier with differential permeability (1, 2), the occurrence of free, metabolizing protoplasts (3), and the possibility of producing plasmolysis (1, 4). All of these observations are easily explained by assuming both a cytoplasmic membrane as the sdective osmotic barrier, and a rigM cell wall conferring mechanical strength and defined form to the bacterial cell. In ultrathin sections of bacteria, systems of layered envelopes have actually been observed (5-10). These have been interpreted either as a double-structured cell wall, or as wall and cyto-plasmic membrane. It has not been possible to clarify further these differences in interpretation either by ultrathin sectioning of free protoplasts (11) or by the study of isolated cytoplasmic membranes, which, in contrast to the cell walls, are very difficult to isolate and purify (12). Since the existence of a visible cytoplasmic membrane was not evident, it could be postulated that the functionally defined cytoplasmic membrane was constituted of a so called pseudomembrane. Such a membrane might be formed at the interface of cytoplasm with surrounding medium, by the polarized arrangement of a common constituent of the cytoplasm, in a way comparable to that of detergents at the liquid gas interface. During investigations on the fixation of the bacterial nucleus and on the intracellular development of bacterial viruses (13, 14), we had the opportunity to make some morphological observations which may contribute to the understanding of integument organization in the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Material and Methods Several strains of E. toll have been used: B for investigations of development of phages of the T-*This investigation was supported by a research grant from the Fonds National Suisso de la Recherche. series; K12S, a non-lysogenic variant of K12; C, obtained as No. 122 of the National Collection of Type Cultures, London. The methods for fixation and embedding of bacteria are described at length in another publication (13). Here only the main points are given: fixation in a 1 per cent solution of OsO4 in veronal buffer, pH 6, with calcium added; embedding in soft agar (so that blocks may be cut) with subsequent washing in veronal buffer; further treatment with La(NO3)a or uranyl acetate in some …
A Victim Who Hasn't Been Wronged Yet: Can Events in the Future Make Us Selfish in the Present?

In two experiments, the researchers expanded on previous findings by examining the behavioral effects brought about when participants were asked to imagine and then write about a potential future event in which they would be wronged or treated unfairly. After writing about a future victimizing event (control condition: future boring event), participants were expected to have heightened levels of entitlement. This heightened entitlement was hypothesized to lead to more selfish decision making, as tested by an assignment task in which participants were asked to assign themselves and another participant to one of two second tasks, one of which was clearly more desirable than the other. The goal of this research was to determine whether simply considering a future victimizing event would give individuals an inflated sense of entitlement, and whether these individuals would act on this feeling of entitlement by making more selfish assignments even though they had not yet actually experienced the victimizing event.
Associations between conventional cardiovascular risk factors and risk of peripheral artery disease in men.

CONTEXT Previous studies have examined the associations of individual clinical risk factors with risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD), but the combined effects of these risk factors are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To estimate the degree to which the 4 conventional cardiovascular risk factors of smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and type 2 diabetes are associated with the risk of PAD among men. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective study of 44,985 men in the United States without a history of cardiovascular disease at baseline in 1986; participants in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study were followed up for 25 years until January 2011. The presence of risk factors was updated biennially during follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Clinically significant PAD defined as limb amputation or revascularization, angiogram reporting vascular obstruction of 50% or greater, ankle-brachial index of less than 0.90, or physician-diagnosed PAD. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 24.2 years (interquartile range, 20.8-24.7 years), there were 537 cases of incident PAD. Each risk factor was significantly and independently associated with a higher risk of PAD after adjustment for the other 3 risk factors and confounders. The age-adjusted incidence rates were 9 (95% CI, 6-14) cases/100,000 person-years (n = 19 incident cases) for 0 risk factors, 23 (95% CI, 18-28) cases/100,000 person-years (n = 99 incident cases) for 1 risk factor, 47 (95% CI, 39-56) cases/100,000 person-years (n = 176 incident cases) for 2 risk factors, 92 (95% CI, 76-111) cases/100,000 person-years (n = 180 incident cases) for 3 risk factors, and 186 (95% CI, 141-246) cases/100,000 person-years (n = 63 incident cases) for 4 risk factors. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for each additional risk factor was 2.06 (95% CI, 1.88-2.26). Men without any of the 4 risk factors had a hazard ratio of PAD of 0.23 (95% CI, 0.14-0.36) compared with all other men in the cohort. In 96% of PAD cases (95% CI, 94%-98%), at least 1 of the 4 risk factors was present at the time of PAD diagnosis. The population-attributable risk associated with these 4 risk factors was 75% (95% CI, 64%-87%). The absolute incidence of PAD among men with all 4 risk factors was 3.5/1000 person-years. CONCLUSION Among men in this cohort, smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and type 2 diabetes account for the majority of risk associated with development of clinically significant PAD.
Comparison of Both Legs EMG Symmetry during Over-Ground Walking and Stair Walking in Stroke Patients

Purpose: Gait is the most basic element when evaluating the quality of life with activities of daily living under ordinary life circumstanc-es. Symmetrical use of the lower extremities requires complicated coordination of all limbs. Thus, this study examined asymmetry of muscle activity quadriceps femoris and tibialis anterior as a baseline for training during over-ground walking and stair walking of stroke patients. Methods: Subjects were 14 stroke patients included as one experimental group. Gait speed used in this study was determined by the subject. Low extremity paretic and non-paretic EMG was compared using the surface EMG system. Results: The low extremity EMG difference was statistically significant during over-ground walking and stair walking (p<0.05). The result of low extremity EMG substituted symmetry ratio formula was compared to EMG symmetry ratio in both legs during over-ground walking and stair walking. The average symmetry ratio of quadriceps femoris during over-ground walking was 0.65, and average symmetry ratio of quadriceps femoris during stair walking was 0.47, with significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusion: EMG data was higher in stair walking than over-ground walking. However, in the comparison of symmetry ratio, asymmetric EMG of quadriceps femoris was significantly increased during stair walking. These findings suggested that application of stair walking for strengthening of both legs can be positive, but the key factor is maintaining asymmetrical posture of both legs. Therefore, physical therapists should make an effort to reduce asymmetry of quadriceps femoris power during stair walking by stroke patients.
Airflow modeling and Fire Smoke propagation in the new Ecole Polytechnique building

This paper addresses the application of fire and smoke simulation and computational fluid dynamics tools to events taking place in the new engineering building on the campus of the University of Montreal. The development steps include 3D CAD modeling of the entire building, geometry transfer and airflow, and fire simulation with enhanced rendering considering the optical properties of smoke and fire. The Fire Dynamics Simulator solver developed at NIST has been used to generate the necessary data for the fire visualization. The commercial software Fluent has been used to carry out the calculate airflow simulation.
Serial measurement of lipid profile and inflammatory markers in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Serum concentration of lipids and lipoproteins changes during the course of acute coronary syndrome as a consequence of the inflammatory response. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) on the levels of lipid profile and inflammatory markers. We investigated 400 patients with AMI who were admitted within 24 h of onset of symptoms. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were determined by standard enzymatic methods along with high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (latex enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay) and cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 (quantitative ''sandwich'' enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The results indicate a trend of reduced TC, LDL, and HDL, and elevated TG levels, along with pro- and anti-inflammatory markers (p < 0.001), between day 1 and the day 2 serum samples of AMI patients. However, corrections in the serum levels have been observed at day 7. Our results demonstrate significant variations in the mean lipid levels and inflammatory markers between days 1, 2 and 7 after AMI. Therefore, it is recommended that the serum lipids should be assessed within 24 hours after infarction. Early treatment of hyperlipidemia provides potential benefits. Exact knowledge regarding baseline serum lipids and lipoprotein levels as well as their varying characteristics can provide a rational basis for clinical decisions about lipid lowering therapy.
Hyperbranched polyethylenimine bearing cyclodextrin moieties showing temperature and pH controlled dye release

The release of anthraquinone dyes from β-cyclodextrin modified, hyperbranched polyethylenimine (PEI-CD) was investigated. 5,8-Dichloro-1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone (AQ-OH) was enclosed simply by ionic attraction between the phenolate groups of AQ-OH and the protonated amino groups of polyethylenimine (PEI). Additionally, the adamantyl moieties of 1,4-bis-N-adamantylaminoanthraquinone (AQ-Ada) were encapsulated by the cavity of CD modified PEI. Due to these different types of interaction, the dyes can be controllably released from the CD-cavity (AQ-Ada) by temperature variation or from salt encapsulation by pH variation (AQ-OH), as monitored by UV–vis spectroscopy.
Multiplicity one Theorems

In the local, characteristic 0, non archimedean case, we consider distributions on GL(n+1) which are invariant under the adjoint action of GL(n). We prove that such distributions are invariant by transposition. This implies that an admissible irreducible representation of GL(n+1), when restricted to GL(n) decomposes with multiplicity one. Similar Theorems are obtained for orthogonal or unitary groups.
A machine-driven process for human limb length estimation using inertial sensors

The computer based human motion tracking systems are widely used in medicine and sports. The accurate determination of limb lengths is crucial for not only constructing the limb motion trajectories which are used for evaluation process of human kinematics, but also individually recognising human beings. Yet, as the common practice, the limb lengths are measured manually which is inconvenient, time-consuming and requires professional knowledge. In this paper, the estimation process of limb lengths is automated with a novel algorithm calculating curvature using the measurements from inertial sensors. The proposed algorithm was validated with computer simulations and experiments conducted with four healthy subjects. The experiment results show the significantly low root mean squared error percentages such as upper arm - 5.16%, upper limbs - 5.09%, upper leg - 2.56% and lower extremities - 6.64% compared to measured lengths.
Understanding Symptoms of Schizophrenia

In examining the heterogeneity of symptomatology in schizophrenia, several theoretical models have been advanced. These models are useful in understanding the psychopathology of the disease, as well as possibly guiding treatment and determining prognosis. This paper discusses the two-syndrome and three-syndrome models for the primary symptoms of schizophrenia and their relationship to other symptoms often encountered. In addition, their significance and relevance for treatment are explored.
A Treebank-Driven Approach to Semantic Lexicons Creation

In this paper we aim at showing how the information from a richly annotated treebank can be used for facilitating the construction of a semantic lexicon when such a lexicon lacks for a certain language. We demonstrate this idea with the Bulgarian treebank (BulTreeBank). The structure of the paper is as follows: the next section briefly describes the levels of linguistic interpretation in the treebank. In section 3 we present the model of a semantic lexicon which we are using. Section 4 outlines the algorithm for the extraction of the semantic information from the treebank. The last section concludes the paper.
Highly available virtual machines with network coding

Erasure coding has been proposed in distributed storage systems for both high data reliability and low storage redundancy. With virtualization, virtual machines (VMs) are essentially defined by software and by their memory states, and erasure coding can be used in the same manner as in storage for high reliability and availability. Each VM can backup its memory state to a hot spare, and multiple memory states are coded at the hot spare to provide data reliability and low redundancy. This poses a new set of challenges. Both synchronization and recovery of the VMs consume significant bandwidth which may impede the performance of a data center. To guarantee high availability, recovery from a machine failure (decoding) at the hot spare must be fast. When (de)coding is done in-network, computation can be distributed over hosts, routers or switches and bandwidth for synchronization and recovery can be reduced significantly. We show the conditions needed to support optimal rates for synchronization and recovery for many-to-one backup in arbitrary networks. Furthermore, we propose routing and code construction algorithms that run in polynomial-time.
Under the Influence of Genetics: How Transdisciplinarity Leads Us to Rethink Social Pathways to Illness1

This article describes both sociological and genetic theories of illness causation and derives propositions expected under each and under a transdisciplinary theoretical frame. The authors draw propositions from three theories—fundamental causes, social stress processes, and social safety net theories—and tailor hypotheses to the case of alcohol dependence. Analyses of a later wave of the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism reveal a complex interplay of the GABRA2 gene with social structural factors to produce cases meeting DSM/ICD diagnoses. Only modest evidence suggests that genetic influence works through social conditions and experiences. Further, women are largely unaffected in their risk for alcohol dependence by allele status at this candidate gene; family support attenuates genetic influence; and childhood deprivation exacerbates genetic predispositions. These findings highlight the essential intradisciplinary tension in the role of proximal and distal influences in social processes and point to the promise of focusing directly on dynamic, networked sequences that produce different pathways to health and illness.
Longitudinal polarized parton densities updated

We have reanalyzed the world data on inclusive polarized DIS, in both NLO and LO QCD, including the new HERMES and COMPASS data. The updated NLO polarized densities are given in both the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ and JET schemes. The impact of the new data on the results is discussed.
Effect of Load and Sliding Speed on Wear and Friction of Aluminum – Silicon Casting Alloy Riyadh

The effect of load and speed on sliding friction coefficient and performance tribology of aluminum–silicon casting alloy was evaluated using a pin-on-disc with three different loads (10, 20, and 30 N) at three speeds (200, 300, and 400 r/min) and relative humidity of 70%. Factors and conditions that had significant effect were identified. Experiments showed that the load and the speed affect the coefficient of friction and wear rate of the alloy. The results showed that the wear rate increased with increasing load and decreased with increasing sliding distance, whereas the friction coefficient decreased with increasing sliding speed before a stable state was reached. The friction coefficient also decreased with increasing load.