Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From therapeutic patient education principles to educative attitude: the perceptions of health care professionals – a pragmatic approach for defining competencies and resources

Educative attitude is an essential, if implicit, aspect of training to acquire competency in therapeutic patient education (TPE). With multiple (or nonexistent) definitions in the literature, however, the concept needs clarification. The primary aim of this study was to analyze the representations and transformations experienced by health care professionals in the course of TPE training in order to characterize educative attitude. We conducted an exploratory qualitative study using several narrative research-based tools with participants of two TPE continuing education courses. We then performed an inductive thematic analysis. Thirty-three people participated in the study; the majority were women (n=29), nurses (n=17) working in a hospital setting (n=28). Seven categories of statements were identified: time-related (“the right moment, how much time it takes”), the benefits of TPE (to health care professionals’ personal well-being), emotions and feelings (quality of exchanges, sharing), the professional nature of TPE (educational competencies required), the holistic, interdisciplinary approach (complexity of the person and value of teamwork), the educational nature of the care relationship (education an integral part of care) and the ethical dimension (introspection essential). The first three components appear fairly innovative, at least in formulation. The study’s originality rests primarily in its choice of participants – highly motivated novices who expressed themselves in a completely nontheoretical way. Health models see attitude as critical for adopting a behavior. Best TPE practices should encourage personal work on this, opening professionals to the social, experiential and emotional aspects of managing chronic illness.
Type I Interferons, Autophagy and Host Metabolism in Leprosy

For those with leprosy, the extent of host infection by Mycobacterium leprae and the progression of the disease depend on the ability of mycobacteria to shape a safe environment for its replication during early interaction with host cells. Thus, variations in key genes such as those in pattern recognition receptors (NOD2 and TLR1), autophagic flux (PARK2, LRRK2, and RIPK2), effector immune cytokines (TNF and IL12), and environmental factors, such as nutrition, have been described as critical determinants for infection and disease progression. While parkin-mediated autophagy is observed as being essential for mycobacterial clearance, leprosy patients present a prominent activation of the type I IFN pathway and its downstream genes, including OASL, CCL2, and IL10. Activation of this host response is related to a permissive phenotype through the suppression of IFN-γ response and negative regulation of autophagy. Finally, modulation of host metabolism was observed during mycobacterial infection. Both changes in lipid and glucose homeostasis contribute to the persistence of mycobacteria in the host. M. leprae-infected cells have an increased glucose uptake, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate generation by pentose phosphate pathways, and downregulation of mitochondrial activity. In this review, we discussed new pathways involved in the early mycobacteria–host interaction that regulate innate immune pathways or metabolism and could be new targets to host therapy strategies.
Lean GHTorrent: GitHub data on demand

In recent years, GitHub has become the largest code host in the world, with more than 5M developers collaborating across 10M repositories. Numerous popular open source projects (such as Ruby on Rails, Homebrew, Bootstrap, Django or jQuery) have chosen GitHub as their host and have migrated their code base to it. GitHub offers a tremendous research potential. For instance, it is a flagship for current open source development, a place for developers to showcase their expertise to peers or potential recruiters, and the platform where social coding features or pull requests emerged. However, GitHub data is, to date, largely underexplored. To facilitate studies of GitHub, we have created GHTorrent, a scalable, queriable, offline mirror of the data offered through the GitHub REST API. In this paper we present a novel feature of GHTorrent designed to offer customisable data dumps on demand. The new GHTorrent data-on-demand service offers users the possibility to request via a web form up-to-date GHTorrent data dumps for any collection of GitHub repositories. We hope that by offering customisable GHTorrent data dumps we will not only lower the "barrier for entry" even further for researchers interested in mining GitHub data (thus encourage researchers to intensify their mining efforts), but also enhance the replicability of GitHub studies (since a snapshot of the data on which the results were obtained can now easily accompany each study).
Matrix metalloproteinases in exercise and obesity

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc- and calcium-dependent endoproteinases that have the ability to break down extracellular matrix. The large range of MMPs’ functions widens their spectrum of potential role as activators or inhibitors in tissue remodeling, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity. In particular, MMP-1, -2, and -9 may be associated with exercise and obesity. Thus, the current study reviewed the effects of different types of exercise (resistance and aerobic) on MMP-1, -2, and -9. Previous studies report that the response of MMP-2 and -9 to resistance exercise is dependent upon the length of exercise training, since long-term resistance exercise training increased both MMP-2 and -9, whereas acute bout of resistance exercise decreased these MMPs. Aerobic exercise produces an inconsistent result on MMPs, although some studies showed a decrease in MMP-1. Obesity is related to a relatively lower level of MMP-9, indicating that an exercise-induced increase in MMP-9 may positively influence obesity. A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between exercise, obesity, and MMPs does not exist yet. Future studies examining the acute and chronic responses of these MMPs using different subject models may provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that are associated with exercise, obesity, and cardiovascular disease.
Type 1 Diabetes and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents

The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) often occurs in childhood; age and maturation of that patient come with elevated risk of developing microvacular complications and cardiac disease. Insulin treatment, diet control and physical activity are incorporated in T1D treatment, and childhood should be a time at which good diabetes control habits should be developed. Exercise clearly offers many health and psychological benefits, improves body composition, insulin sensitivity, glycemic control and quality of life. Unfortunately, T1D adolescents often do not achieve the recommended physical activity level and are sometimes less active than healthy adolescents. A clear statement about expected beneficial effects is required in order to encourage and to provide opportunities for engaging in physical activity since childhood foster the maintenance of an active lifestyle in adulthood. This review highlights the beneficial effects of physical activity in T1D children and adolescents and provides some guidance on how physical activity should be managed in this patient population.
Multiscale Coupling of Molecular Dynamics and Hydrodynamics: Application to DNA Translocation through a Nanopore

We present a multiscale approach to the modeling of polymer dynamics in the presence of a fluid solvent. The approach combines Langevin molecular dynamics (MD) techniques with a mesoscopic lattice Boltzmann (LB) method for the solvent dynamics. A unique feature of the present approach is that hydrodynamic interactions between the solute macromolecule and the aqueous solvent are handled explicitly, and yet in a computationally tractable way due to the dual particle‐field nature of the LB solver. The suitability of the present LB‐MD multiscale approach is demonstrated for the problem of polymer fast translocation through a nanopore. We also provide an interpretation of our results in the context of DNA translocation through a nanopore, a problem that has attracted much theoretical and experimental attention recently.
Variation in Xylem Structure and Function in Stems and Roots of Trees to 20 M Depth

• To assess hydraulic architecture and limitations to water transport across whole trees, we compared xylem anatomy, vulnerability to cavitation (Ψ 50) and specific hydraulic conductivity (K s) of stems, shallow roots and deep roots (from caves to 20 m depth) for four species: Juniperus ashei , Bumelia lanuginosa , Quercus fusiformis and Quercus sinuata. • Mean, maximum and hydraulically weighted (D h) conduit diameters and K s were largest in deep roots, intermediate in shallow roots, and smallest in stems (P < 0.05 for each). Mean vessel diameters of deep roots were 2.1– 4.2-fold greater than in stems, and K s was seven to 38 times larger in the deep roots. • Ψ 50 also increased from stems to roots with depth, as much as 24-fold from stems to deep roots in B. lanuginosa. For all species together, Ψ 50 was positively correlated with both D h and K s , suggesting a potential trade-off exists between conducting efficiency and safety. • The anatomical and hydraulic differences documented here suggest that the structure of deep roots minimizes flow resistance and maximizes deep water uptake.
Effects of VEGF and VEGFR polymorphisms on the outcome of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib: a systematic review and meta-analysis

To summarize and clarify the association between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) polymorphisms and the outcome in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with sunitinib. A total of 8 studies including 900 patients were analyzed in this systematic review after screening the database of PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the strength of the association. VEGFR1 rs9582036 AA/AC carriers and rs9554320 CC/AC carriers had more favorable overall survival (OS) in patients with mRCC treated with sunitinib (n = 3), but not in progression-free survival (PFS). In addition, VEGFA rs2010963 was associated with poorer PFS of mRCC (n = 1). VEGFA rs699947 was significant in predicting PFS by univariate analysis, but showed no statistical significance in OS (n = 1). VEGFR2 rs1870377 was verified to be associated with sunitinib OS (n = 1). Furthermore, patients with VEGFR3 rs307826 and rs307821 had shorter PFS and OS during sunitinib therapy (n = 2, respectively). Our results suggested that VEGF and VEGFR polymorphisms were associated with outcomes in sunitinib treated mRCC patients, especially VEGFR1 polymorphisms. However, considering the limited study numbers, its clinical application in sunitinib treated mRCC still needs further confirmation.
Cardiovascular toxicities of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia: preventive strategies and cardiovascular surveillance

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have revolutionized the treatment and outcomes of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Despite their significant impact on the management of CML, there is growing evidence that TKIs may cause cardiovascular and/or metabolic complications. In this review, we present the current evidence regarding the cardiovascular safety profiles of BCR-ABL TKIs. Methodological challenges of studies that reported the cardiovascular safety of TKIs are discussed. We also propose management strategies for cardiovascular surveillance and risk factor modification during treatment with these agents.
Adaptive listening room compensation for spatial audio systems

Various kinds of spatial audio systems have been developed that go beyond the current 5.1 standard. Although the approaches are different, they are capable of delivering acoustic immersion to a large number of listeners simultaneously without restricting their activities by headphones, trackers, or alike. In particular, the sweet spot limitation well known from current consumer market systems is repealed. However, these attractive properties could only be realized in listening rooms without any noticeable reverberation. Otherwise, measures have to be taken for the digital compensation of wall reflections. This contribution presents an adaptive compensation technique which is based on the decomposition of sound fields into plane waves. Various advantages are discussed, e.g. improved multichannel adaptation by decoupling of the compensation filters. Finally, results for a specific spatial reproduction method (wave field synthesis) are presented.
Evidence for Light Wavelength-Specific Photoelectrophysiological Signaling and Memory of Excess Light Episodes in Arabidopsis[W][OA]

This work examines light wavelength–specific electrophysiological signaling and cellular light memory in Arabidopsis. Animals have their network of neurons, synapses, electrophysiological circuits and memory, but plants have their network of chloroplasts (connected by stromules), photoelectrophysiological signals transduced by bundle sheath cells, and cellular light memory. Although light is essential for photosynthesis, excess light can damage the photosynthetic apparatus and deregulate other cellular processes. Thus, protective integrated regulatory responses that can dissipate excess of absorbed light energy and simultaneously optimize photosynthesis and other cellular processes under variable light conditions can prove highly adaptive. Here, we show that the local and systemic responses to an excess light episode are associated with photoelectrophysiological signaling (PEPS) as well as with changes in nonphotochemical quenching and reactive oxygen species levels. During an excess light incident, PEPS is induced by quantum redox changes in photosystem II and in its proximity and/or by changes in glutathione metabolism in chloroplasts. PEPS is transduced, at least in part, by bundle sheath cells and is light wavelength specific. PEPS systemic propagation speed and action potential are dependent on ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE2 function. Excess light episodes are physiologically memorized in leaves, and the cellular light memory effect is specific for an excess of blue (450 nm) and red (650 nm) light of similar energy. It is concluded that plants possess a complex and dynamic light training and memory system that involves quantum redox, reactive oxygen species, hormonal, and PEPS signaling and is used to optimize light acclimation and immune defenses.
HPMC AS CAPSULE SHELL MATERIAL: PHYSICOCHEMICAL, PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PROPERTIES

The most common instability problem of gelatin capsules arises from negative impact of extremes of temperature and especially atmospheric relative humidity on the mechanical integrity of the capsule shells with adverse effect extended even to the fill material. Moreover, choice of fill materials is highly restricted either due to their specific chemical structure, physical state or hygroscopicity. Additional reports of unpredictable disintegration and dissolution of filled hard gelatin capsules in experimental studies have prompted the search for a better alternative capsule shell material. The present review aims to provide an overview on the physicochemical, pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical properties of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as capsule shell material and perform comparative evaluation of HPMC and gelatin in terms of in vitro / in vivo performance and storage stability. HPMC capsule provides a highly flexible and widely acceptable platform capable of solving numerous challenges currently facing the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries and expands the possibilities for selection of different types of fill materials. The current topic introduces a new section on influence of various factors on in vitro dissolution of HPMC capsules. Delayed in vitro disintegration/dissolution of HPMC capsules in aqueous medium does not produce any negative effect in vivo . However, advancements in the processes of production and filling of HPMC capsule shells and detailed studies on effects of various parameters on their in vitro / in vivo dissolution would establish their supremacy over hard gelatin capsules in future.
A Comparative Analysis of Ontology and Schema Matching Systems

In a distributed and open system, such as the semantic web and many other applications like information integration, peerpeer communication, etc., the heterogeneity among the data increases enormously. To solve the heterogeneity issue various matching techniques are proposed and large-scale matching needs especially to be supported for different kinds of ontologies and XML schemas due to their increasing use and size, e.g., in life science applications, e-business and web. In this paper the techniques which are scalable like early pruning, partitioning, parallelization and some renowned scalable matching techniques are discussed. In addition to it, a brief comparison of the discussed matching techniques is also presented. General Terms Artificial Intelligence, Semantic Web, Knowledge sharing, Knowledge Representation.
Adsorption of heavy metals in slow sand filters

Chemical contaminants at low concentrations are difficult to remove from water. Chemical precipitation, reverse osmosis and other methods become inefficient when contaminants are present in trace concentrations. The process of adsorption is one of the few alternatives available for such situations (Huang and Morehart, 1991). A number of adsorbent materials have been studied for their capacity to remove heavy metals, including activated carbon, activated alumina, ion exchange resins, crushed coals etc. Some of these materials, such as ion exchange resins are totally effective but expensive and others, such as coal and straw, are inexpensive but ineffective. Activated carbon is very effective in removing heavy metals, but is readily soluble under extreme pH conditions (Huang and Blankenship, 1989). Peat moss has been found as very effective in adsorbing heavy metals (Ho, 1995). In the present study Slow Sand Filters (SSFs) are tried to remove heavy metals and found very effective (Muhammad et al, 1997). Experimental results on the influences of process variables in removing heavy metals by SSFs demonstrated that adsorption was one of the mechanisms of the removal of heavy metals (Muhammad et al, 1997). To confirm this prediction/hypothesis, batch adsorption tests were carried out. This paper deals with the results of the batch adsorption tests to establish adsorption isotherms and adsorption capacity of the sand for the selected heavy metals.
Drug-drug interactions associated with kinase inhibitors: highlighting a new resource for oncologists and clinical pharmacists.

Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) in patients using anticancer drugs are common. These DDIs may have serious consequences for either the toxicity or efficacy of treatment [1, 2]. Over the past decade, one of the most promising groups of anticancer drugs are the oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Although the oral route of administration with these agents is convenient, it also brings many new challenges. Most notably, as TKIs are administered orally on a chronic basis and as they are predominately metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, cancer patients on TKI therapy are at considerable risk for DDIs [3]. Although patients on TKI therapy are substantially at risk for DDIs, there is a general lack of up-to-date guidelines on the assessment and management of clinically relevant DDIs associated with TKI therapy in the literature. In addition, with the increasing number of kinase inhibitors being approved, there is a further need for heightened awareness of DDI among health care professionals, especially for such drugs that are administered on a quite long-term, chronic, basis [3, 4]. We thus developed a comprehensive overview providing information on the management of kinase inhibitor-associated DDI, which can be found on the OncologyPRO website in collaboration with the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO): http://oncologypro.esmo. org/Guidelines-Practice/Drug-Drug-Interactions-with-KinaseInhibitors. The educational objectives of this website are: first, to aid understanding of clinically relevant DDI associated with kinase inhibitors; second, to explore the type and mechanism of the interaction, including altered bioavailability due to altered stomach pH, metabolism by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, and prolongation of the QTc interval; and more importantly, to provide specific recommendations to guide physicians and clinical pharmacists in the management of DDIs during treatment with kinase inhibitors in daily clinical practice. An overview of known literature on this topic is given. The website also includes quick access to specific commonly used kinase inhibitors as well as details on types of drug interactions, including CYP3A4 inhibitors/inducers, QT prolongation and acid reducing agents. We believe this website is a valuable resource to the oncology community and encourage its use by oncologists, (clinical) pharmacists and other health care specialists in daily clinical practice.
Salt is not only sodium—How extracellular fluid volume homoeostasis depends on chloride recovery by the kidneys

The Acta Physiologica Prize winners Grill et al.1 address a fundamental issue in renal and circulatory physiology, namely how the kidneys accomplish maintenance of extracellular fluid volume (ECV) by conservation of the freely filtered solutes Na+ and Cl-. In an elegant comprehensive investigation in mice, they show that the chloride channel ClC-K2 is necessary for ECV homeostasis. The study sheds light on how the human kidneys regain 20 moles or 0.5 kg of chloride ions per day. Maintenance of ECV is essential for effective circulating volume, constant perfusion pressure and adequate organ perfusion. The extracellular fluid volume is some 20% of body weight - ca. 14 liters in a 70 kg subject. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Causal association between cannabis and psychosis: examination of the evidence

Background Controversy remains as to whether cannabis acts as a causal risk factor for schizophrenia or other functional psychotic illnesses. Aims To examine critically the evidence that cannabis causes psychosis using established criteria of causality. Method We identified five studies that included a well-defined sample drawn from population-based registers or cohorts and used prospective measures of cannabis use and adult psychosis. Results On an individual level, cannabis use confers an overall twofold increase in the relative risk for later schizophrenia. At the population level, elimination of cannabis use would reduce the incidence of schizophrenia by approximately 8%, assuming a causal relationship. Cannabis use appears to be neither a sufficient nor a necessary cause for psychosis. It is a component cause, part of a complex constellation of factors leading to psychosis. Conclusions Cases of psychotic disorder could be prevented by discouraging cannabis use among vulnerable youths. Research is needed to understand the mechanisms by which cannabis causes psychosis.