Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rhinovirus stimulation of interleukin-8 in vivo and in vitro: role of NF-κB.

Neutrophil infiltration is a well-documented early event in the pathogenesis of rhinovirus (RV) infections. To further understand the mechanisms responsible for this neutrophilia, we determined whether interleukin (IL)-8 was present at sites of experimental RV infection in vivo and characterized the mechanism(s) by which RV stimulates IL-8 production in vitro. IL-8 was readily detectable in the nasal washings of all normal volunteers and did not increase with sham nasal inoculation. In contrast, RV infection caused a significant additional increase in nasal IL-8, the levels of which peaked 48-72 h after virus inoculation. RV was a potent stimulator of IL-8 protein production by A549 epithelial-like cells, MRC-5 fibroblasts, and normal human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. This induction was associated with a significant increase in IL-8 mRNA accumulation and gene transcription. RV also stimulated IL-8 promoter-driven luciferase activity. This stimulation was significantly decreased by mutation of the nuclear factor (NF)-IL-6 site and was completely abrogated by mutation of the NF-κB site in this promoter. In addition, NF-κB-DNA binding activity was rapidly induced in RV-infected cells. This inducible binding was made up of p65 and, to a lesser extent, p50 NF-κB moieties. These studies demonstrate that IL-8 is present in normal nasal secretions and that the levels of IL-8 are further increased after RV infection. They also demonstrate that RVs are potent stimulators of IL-8 production and that this induction is mediated, at least in part, by an NF-κB-dependent transcriptional activation pathway. IL-8 may contribute to the pathogenesis of RV infection, and NF-κB activation may be a central event in RV-induced pathologies.
Cardiac Arrest: Obstetric CPR/ACLS.

In contrast with other high-resource countries, maternal mortality has seen an increase in the United States. Caring for pregnant women in cardiac arrest may prove uniquely challenging given the rarity of the event coupled by the physiological changes of pregnancy. Optimization of resuscitative efforts warrants special attention as described in the 2015 American Heart Association's "Scientific Statement on Maternal Cardiac Arrest. " Current recommendations address a variety of topics ranging from the basic components of chest compressions and airway management to some of the logistical complexities and operational challenges involved in maternal cardiac arrest.
Coadministration of disulfiram and lorazepam in the treatment of alcohol dependence and co-occurring anxiety disorder: an open-label pilot study

ABSTRACT Background: Anxiety is common among persons with alcohol use disorder during early abstinence from alcohol. Although benzodiazepines are effective for short-term treatment of anxiety, they are rarely used beyond acute detoxification due to concerns about misuse or interactions with alcohol. Objectives: We conducted an open-label trial to explore the effects of coadministering lorazepam and disulfiram to alcohol-dependent patients with anxiety disorder symptoms. The rationale for this model is to minimize the risks of the benzodiazepine, while also potentially enhancing adherence to disulfiram. Methods: Forty-one participants with DSM-IV alcohol dependence who also met syndromal criteria for anxiety disorder with or without co-occurring major depressive syndrome initiated treatment with lorazepam (starting dose 0.5 mg three times daily) and disulfiram (starting dose 500 mg three times weekly). Participants received 16 weeks of monitored pharmacotherapy with manualized medical management. Results: Adherence to treatment decreased steadily with time (85.4% at 4 weeks, 36.6% at 16 weeks). Participants showed significant increases in percent abstinent days during treatment and at 24 weeks follow-up. Large reductions in anxiety, depression, and craving were observed during treatment, and improvement remained significant at 24 weeks. Duration of adherence with disulfiram strongly predicted abstinence at 16 weeks. There was no evidence of misuse of lorazepam or dose escalation during the study. Conclusion: Lorazepam can be safely used for short-term treatment of anxiety in combination with disulfiram treatment of alcohol use disorder. However, it is not clear that making lorazepam dispensing contingent on adherence to disulfiram enhances retention in disulfiram treatment.
The Cost of Compensation

Much recent attention has focused on the apparent benefit accrued by a plant through its partial destruction by grazing (Owen 1980; Belsky 1986; McNaughton 1986; Crawley 1987; Paige and Whitham 1987; Vail 1992; Belsky et al. 1993; Mathews 1994; Tuomi et al. 1994; Jaremo et al. 1996; Nilsson et al. 1996; Lennartsson et al. 1997). The subject has been characterized by heated debate on two related issues: the empirical question of whether fitness is, in fact, increased by the partial destruction of plant tissue (overcompensation; Paige and Whitham 1987; Bergelson and Crawley 1992; Crawley 1993; Bergelson et al. 1996) and, if overcompensation exists, whether claims that grazing is thus beneficial to a plant are justified (Crawley 1987; Belsky et al. 1993; Vail 1993, 1994; Mathews 1994). Empirical studies have concentrated on testing a plant’s capacity for compensation by comparing the performance of grazed plants to ungrazed controls (Paige and Whitham 1987; Maschinski and Whitham 1989; Bergelson and Crawley 1992; Paige 1992; Wegener and Odasz 1997) and the claim that plants benefit from herbivore damage has been made (Owen 1980; Paige and Whitham 1987; Paige 1992). As a result of differing interpretations of what constitutes a “benefit” (Crawley 1987), this claim is viewed by some as a paradox. A benefit of being partially destroyed might be observed in a population for two different reasons. First, grazing of aboveground tissue might alter the plant’s architecture such that fitness is increased by the removal of constraints. If partial destruction is truly beneficial to the plant through the removal of such obstacles as architectural constraints, the plant-herbivore association might be regarded as mutualistic (mutualism hypothesis).
Heritability of treadmill running endurance in rats.

Treadmill running was evaluated as a phenotype for selective breeding for high- and low-endurance performance from a starting population of 18 male and 24 female outbred Sprague-Dawley rats. Each rat was exercised to exhaustion once per day for 5 consecutive days. The treadmill was set at a constant 15° slope, and the initial velocity of 10 m/min was increased by 1 m/min every 2 min. The total distance run on the single best day out of the five trials was taken as the measure of endurance performance. The original population (males and females combined, n = 42) ran on average for 396 m. The two lowest-performing pairs and two highest-performing pairs were selectively bred through three successive generations. After three generations of selection, performance of the offspring from the high selected line averaged 659 ± 36 m ( n = 20), whereas low-performance offspring ( n = 13) averaged 388 ± 28 m. The narrow-sense heritability, calculated as the regression of individual offspring performance on midparental value for each family, was 0.39 across the three generations. This implies that 39% of the variation in running endurance performance between the low and high selected lines was determined by heritable factors.
Short-Term Recovery of Balance Control: Association With Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Pediatric Oncology

Purpose: To describe the incidence and short-term recovery of balance control in children and adolescents receiving neurotoxic treatment for noncentral nervous system cancers and to investigate the association of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and balance control. Methods: Sixty-five children and adolescents diagnosed with leukemia, lymphoma, or other solid tumors were tested 3 to 6 months into treatment and 3 and 6 months following treatment using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Balance Subscale and Pediatric Modified Total Neuropathy Scale scores of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Results: Seventy-eight percent of the participants scored 1 standard deviation or more below population means on the balance subscale while on treatment, and this improved to 53% by 6 months posttreatment, with the leukemia group performing worse at both time points. On-treatment balance scores were moderately associated with motor CIPN, while at 6 months posttreatment they were more closely associated with sensory CIPN. Conclusions: Mild to moderate balance impairments improve but can persist, even when CIPN has improved, 6 months after treatment for childhood cancer.
Nitric oxide triggers late preconditioning against myocardial infarction in conscious rabbits.

We tested the hypothesis that late preconditioning (PC) against myocardial infarction is triggered by the formation of nitric oxide (NO). Conscious rabbits underwent a 30-min coronary occlusion followed by 3 days of reperfusion. In group I (control group, n = 10), rabbits were not preconditioned, whereas in group II( n = 10), they were preconditioned 24 h earlier with a sequence of six 4-min occlusion/4-min reperfusion cycles. Myocardial infarct size (tetrazolium staining) was reduced by 50% by PC (28.6 ± 3.2% of the risk region in group II vs. 56.9 ± 5.9% in controls, P < 0.05). This reduction in cell death was associated with improved recovery of myocardial function [systolic thickening fraction (by sonomicrometry) at 3 days: 2.0 ± 11.0% of baseline in group II vs. -20.0 ± 2.8% in group I, P < 0.05]. Group III rabbits ( n = 11) underwent the same protocol as group II except that the rabbits received the NO synthase inhibitor N ω-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA, 13 mg/kg) before the PC ischemia. In these animals, infarct size did not differ significantly from that observed in control rabbits, indicating thatl-NNA completely blocked the development of late PC against myocardial infarction. In group IV( n = 9), rabbits receivedl-NNA as in group III, but without the six occlusion-reperfusion cycles, and were subjected to the 30-min occlusion 24 h later. In this group, infarct size did not differ from that observed in controls, demonstrating that pretreatment withl-NNA, in itself, did not affect the extent of cell death. Taken together, these results indicate that, in the conscious rabbit, the development of late PC against myocardial infarction is triggered by the generation of NO during the PC ischemia. It is proposed that NO plays a key role in the delayed myocardial adaptation to ischemic stress.
Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery for Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Undertaking High-Intensity Interval Exercise Versus Moderate-Intensity Exercise: A Randomized, Crossover Study.

BACKGROUND We aimed to compare closed-loop glucose control for people with type 1 diabetes undertaking high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) versus moderate-intensity exercise (MIE). METHODS Adults with type 1 diabetes established on insulin pumps undertook HIIE and MIE stages in random order during automated insulin delivery via a closed-loop system (Medtronic). Frequent venous sampling for glucose, lactate, ketones, insulin, catecholamines, cortisol, growth hormone, and glucagon levels was performed. The primary outcome was plasma glucose <4.0 mmol/L for ≥15 min, from exercise commencement to 120 min postexercise. Secondary outcomes included continuous glucose monitoring and biochemical parameters. RESULTS Twelve adults (age mean ± standard deviation 40 ± 13 years) were recruited; all completed the study. Plasma glucose of one participant fell to 3.4 mmol/L following MIE completion; no glucose levels were <4.0 mmol/L for HIIE (primary outcome). There were no glucose excursions >15.0 mmol/L for either stage. Mean (±standard error) plasma glucose did not differ between stages pre-exercise; was higher during exercise in HIIE than MIE (11.3 ± 0.5 mmol/L vs. 9.7 ± 0.6 mmol/L, respectively; P < 0.001); and remained higher until 60 min postexercise. There were no differences in circulating free insulin before, during, or postexercise. During HIIE compared with MIE, there were greater increases in lactate (P < 0.001), catecholamines (all P < 0.05), and cortisol (P < 0.001). Ketones increased more with HIIE than MIE postexercise (P = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS Preliminary findings suggest that closed-loop glucose control is safe for people undertaking HIIE and MIE. However, the management of the postexercise rise in ketones secondary to counter-regulatory hormone-induced insulin resistance observed with HIIE may represent a challenge for closed-loop systems.
A three-layer model on users’ interests mining

With the advent of big data era, social media plays an important role in many areas such as security and finance. Researchers pay more attention on mining users’ interests through the social media data. A three-layer model (TLM) based on keyword extracting is proposed to mine users’ interests, which includes candidate words extracting, semantic structures analysing and interest words ranking. The TLM mainly focuses on both self-importance and semantic-importance of interest words. In addition, the TLM also considers the interest drifting to track long-term and short-term interests of users. Experiments conducted on 10 SINA Weibo datasets show that TLM is more efficient than existing methods to identify users’ interests based on hit rate.
Vitamin D status among adolescents in Europe: the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study

An adequate vitamin D status is essential during childhood and adolescence, for its important role in cell growth, skeletal structure and development. It also reduces the risk of conditions such as CVD, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, infections and autoimmune disease. As comparable data on the European level are lacking, assessment of vitamin D concentrations was included in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study. Fasting blood samples were obtained from a subsample of 1006 adolescents (470 males; 46·8 %) with an age range of 12·5–17·5 years, selected in the ten HELENA cities in the nine European countries participating in this cross-sectional study, and analysed for 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) by ELISA using EDTA plasma. As specific reference values for adolescents are missing, percentile distribution were computed by age and sex. Median 25(OH)D levels for the whole population were 57·1 nmol/l (5th percentile 24·3 nmol/l, 95th percentile 99·05 nmol/l). Vitamin D status was classified into four groups according to international guidelines (sufficiency/optimal levels ≥ 75 nmol/l; insufficiency 50–75 nmol/l; deficiency 27·5–49·99 nmol/l and severe deficiency < 27·5 nmol/l). About 80 % of the sample had suboptimal levels (39 % had insufficient, 27 % deficient and 15 % severely deficient levels). Vitamin D concentrations increased with age (P < 0·01) and tended to decrease according to BMI. Geographical differences were also identified. Our study results indicate that vitamin D deficiency is a highly prevalent condition in European adolescents and should be a matter of concern for public health authorities.
Cinematographic and Geometric Criteria for Virtual Camera Path Generation for the Visualization of Shipwreck Data

This paper presents the use of cinematographic and geometric measures for determining the path of a virtual camera for the generation of computer graphics video sequences focused on showing an underwater shipwreck. This work rises from the applied challenge of mapping underwater shipwrecks, reconstructing a computer graphics model then creating an educational visualization of the wreck. The primary algorithm presented in this work computes the optimal camera pitch and height along a path utilizing a probabilistic roadmap (PRM) that weights nodes using a computational models of cinematographic and geometric principles. These principles were used to evaluate potential viewpoints and influence whether or not a view is used in the final path. Specifically, the algorithm uses a computational evaluation of the cinematographic ‘rule of thirds’ and a geometric evaluation of the model normals relative to the camera viewpoint. A user study of video output from the system suggests that our computed paths are ranked higher than simple circular or random paths and that the ‘rule of thirds’ is a more important criteria than the geometric principle explored.
Social functioning following pediatric stroke: contribution of neurobehavioral impairment

ABSTRACT Pediatric stroke can result in long-term neurobehavioral impairments including cognitive, language, and motor deficits, all of which may disrupt the normal development of social skills. This study aimed to examine specific components of social function at 5-year poststroke at a group and individual level and explore the contribution of neurobehavioral impairment. Thirty-one children with arterial ischemic stroke participated in the study. Assessment included parent-rated questionnaires measuring social adjustment and social participation as well as behavior and fatigue. Children underwent testing of social cognition and neurobehavioral abilities (intellectual function, attention, pragmatic language, motor function, and neurological impairment). Group means for social function were generally within the normal range, with social adjustment poorer than normative expectations. Examination of impairment rates showed a significant proportion of children had impaired function across social domains. Childhood stroke was associated with poorer social adjustment and a range of neurobehavioral outcomes, compared to neonatal stroke. Social function was found to be impacted by fatigue and intellectual function, but not by attention, pragmatic language, behavior, motor function, or neurological impairment.
Fertility Massage: an Unethical Practice?

Infertility is defined as not being able to get pregnant after one year of unprotected intercourse (or six months if a woman is 35 or older). (1-3) Women who can get pregnant but are unable to stay pregnant may also be infertile. (1-3) Reported prevalence of infertility rates vary, but most are around15% of couples after one year of unprotected intercourse. (2,3) Fertility decreases with age for both men and women, declining around 35 years. (3) For women, by the age of 40 their fertility has decreased significantly and some report this as falling by half. (3) Pregnancy success rates (or conception rates) can be reported by cycle (e.g., the rate per month) or cumulatively (chances of conceiving over a period of time). These rates are very different, and care needs to be taken to ensure clear reporting of rates so that confusion does not occur. Rates are also different for natural conceptions and assisted reproductive conceptions (e.g., in vitro fertilization (IVF)). Reported cumulative natural conception rates are used less in the literature and are based on having vaginal intercourse each month over a 12-month period. Both forms of reporting for natural and assisted conceptions show a similar trend, whereby younger women have a greater chance of conceiving and older women have less chance. (1,2) Infertility can affect the couples’ psychological well-being and sexual relationship(4) and cause significant personal anguish. (2) The overwhelming desire to conceive and the psychological stress that accompanies infertility mean that these couples/ individuals are a vulnerable group and, as such, there is an ethical, moral, and legal requirement for professional, open, and truthful promotion, marketing, and advertising about the benefits of infertility treatments. This includes the potential role of massage for the treatment of infertility. Massage specialization seems to be increasing as massage therapists hone their skills in a particular area and as they distinguish themselves from their competitors. One area of specialization is infertility massage. The aim of this commentary is to discuss the evidence, or lack thereof, for infertility massage, the implications for treatment, and the risks and ethical issues associated with the promotion, advertising, and treatment of fertility massage. Massage aND PsyChOlOgICal sTRessINDUCeD INfeRTIlITy
Reduction of MRI-targeted biopsies in men with low-risk prostate cancer on active surveillance by stratifying to PI-RADS and PSA-density, with different thresholds for significant disease

Background The fear of undergrading prostate cancer (PCa) in men on active surveillance (AS) have led to strict criteria for monitoring, which have resulted in good long-term cancer-specific survival, proving the safety of this approach. Reducing undergrading, MRI-targeted biopsies are increasingly used in men with low-risk disease despite their undefined role yet. The objective of this study is to investigate the rate of upgrading using MRI-targeted biopsies in men with low-risk disease on AS, stratified on the basis of PI-RADS and PSA-density, with the aim to reduce potential unnecessary repeat biopsy procedures. Methods A total of 331 men were prospectively enrolled following the MRI-PRIAS protocol. MR imaging was according to Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADSv2) guidelines. Suspicious MRI lesions (PI-RADS 3–5) were additionally targeted by MRI-TRUS fusion biopsies. Outcome measure was upgrading to Gleason score (GS) ≥3+4 with MRI-targeted biopsies, stratified for PI-RADS and PSA-density. Results In total, 25% (82/331) of men on AS showed upgrading from GS 3+3. Only 3% (11/331) was upgraded to GS ≥8. In 60% (198/331) a suspicious MRI lesion was identified, but in only 41% (82/198) of men upgrading was confirmed. PI-RADS 3, 4 and 5 categorized index lesions, showed upgrading in 30%, 34% and 66% of men, respectively. Stratification to PI-RADS 4–5, instead of PI-RADS 3–5, would have missed a small number of high volume Gleason 4 PCa in PI-RADS 3 category. However, further stratification into PI-RADS 3 lesions and PSA-density <0.15 ng/mL2 could result in a safe targeted biopsy reduction of 36% in this category, without missing any upgrades. Conclusions Stratification with the combination of PI-RADS and PSA-density may reduce unnecessary additional MRI biopsy testing. Overall, the high rate of detected upgrading in men on AS may result in an unintended tightening of continuing in AS. Since patients, included under current AS criteria showed extremely favorable outcome, there might be no need to further restrict continuing on AS with MRI and targeted biopsies.
Erythrocyte aggregation tendency and cellular properties in horse, human, and rat: a comparative study.

Horse blood has a higher tendency to form red blood cell (RBC) aggregates compared with human blood, with this enhanced aggregation previously attributed to differences in plasma factors. Our results confirm this observation and further indicate that washed horse RBC also have a significantly higher aggregation tendency in dextran 70 solutions (i.e., horse RBC have a higher "aggregability"). In contrast, the aggregation tendency of rat RBC, both in autologous plasma and in dextran 70, is significantly less compared with human and horse RBC. Other rheological findings for horse and rat RBC include smaller changes in RBC deformation indexes over the same shear stress range and a lower RBC shape recovery time constant. Rat RBC also had higher two-phase aqueous polymer partition coefficients, suggesting a higher surface charge. Membrane protein analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed marked differences: 1) band 4.2 protein was lacking in horse RBC membranes, and 2) carbohydrate groups have different distributions in human, rat, and horse RBC, as indicated by different patterns in periodic acid-Schiff-stained protein bands. Our results clearly indicate significant differences in RBC aggregability among the three species and indicate that cellular factors contribute importantly to these differences. Furthermore, they suggest that systematic studies of blood and RBC from different species should provide insight into the mechanism(s) of RBC aggregation.