Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Pol V–Mediated Silencing, Independent of RNA–Directed DNA Methylation, Applies to 5S rDNA

The plant-specific RNA polymerases Pol IV and Pol V are essential to RNA–directed DNA methylation (RdDM), which also requires activities from RDR2 (RNA–Dependent RNA Polymerase 2), DCL3 (Dicer-Like 3), AGO4 (Argonaute), and DRM2 (Domains Rearranged Methyltransferase 2). RdDM is dedicated to the methylation of target sequences which include transposable elements, regulatory regions of several protein-coding genes, and 5S rRNA–encoding DNA (rDNA) arrays. In this paper, we have studied the expression of the 5S-210 transcript, a marker of silencing release at 5S RNA genes, to show a differential impact of RNA polymerases IV and V on 5S rDNA arrays during early development of the plant. Using a combination of molecular and cytological assays, we show that Pol IV, RDR2, DRM2, and Pol V, actors of the RdDM, are required to maintain a transcriptional silencing of 5S RNA genes at chromosomes 4 and 5. Moreover, we have shown a derepression associated to chromatin decondensation specific to the 5S array from chromosome 4 and restricted to the Pol V–loss of function. In conclusion, our results highlight a new role for Pol V on 5S rDNA, which is RdDM–independent and comes specifically at chromosome 4, in addition to the RdDM pathway.
Le succès de carrière perçu par les cadres : l'importance des critères subjectifs

Au cours des dernieres decennies, la notion de carriere a chemine d’une conception traditionnelle caracterisee par une mobilite ascendante au sein d’une seule organisation vers de nouvelles conceptions contemporaines : les carrieres proteiformes, les carrieres sans frontiere, les carrieres post-organisationnelles, etc. Les recherches distinguent deux dimensions. D’une part, la carriere objective represente la suite des postes occupes par un individu tout au long de sa vie professionnelle et, d’autre part, la carriere subjective est l’interpretation faite par l’individu de son parcours. Cette distinction est importante dans le sens ou une meme carriere objective peut etre interpretee differemment par deux personnes. En ce sens, le « succes de carriere percu » constitue une dimension importante de la carriere subjective. Il renvoie a la perception, par un individu, du fait que sa carriere peut etre consideree comme un succes, comme un parcours « normal » ou comme un echec, soit dans l’absolu, soit par rapport a des objectifs initiaux qu’il s’etait fixe. Le but de cette etude est de mesurer le sentiment de succes de carriere d’une population de cadres et d’en identifier les determinants. Un deuxieme objectif est d'etudier comment les ancres de carriere et l’auto-efficacite professionnelle predisent le succes objectif et la satisfaction de carriere. Le dernier objectif est d’etudier l’influence du succes de carriere sur la satisfaction de vie et l’intention de depart. Notre modele de recherche a ete conceptualise par une etude quantitative dans laquelle 362 cadres ont participe. Nous avons trouve que la satisfaction de carriere predit plus le succes de carriere percu, la satisfaction de vie et l’intention de depart que le succes objectif. Les resultats montrent egalement que l’auto-efficacite professionnelle influence positivement la satisfaction de carriere et que seules l’ancres Management et Technique sont liees au succes objectif
Master equations and the theory of stochastic path integrals

This review provides a pedagogic and self-contained introduction to master equations and to their representation by path integrals. Since the 1930s, master equations have served as a fundamental tool to understand the role of fluctuations in complex biological, chemical, and physical systems. Despite their simple appearance, analyses of master equations most often rely on low-noise approximations such as the Kramers–Moyal or the system size expansion, or require ad-hoc closure schemes for the derivation of low-order moment equations. We focus on numerical and analytical methods going beyond the low-noise limit and provide a unified framework for the study of master equations. After deriving the forward and backward master equations from the Chapman–Kolmogorov equation, we show how the two master equations can be cast into either of four linear partial differential equations (PDEs). Three of these PDEs are discussed in detail. The first PDE governs the time evolution of a generalized probability generating function whose basis depends on the stochastic process under consideration. Spectral methods, WKB approximations, and a variational approach have been proposed for the analysis of the PDE. The second PDE is novel and is obeyed by a distribution that is marginalized over an initial state. It proves useful for the computation of mean extinction times. The third PDE describes the time evolution of a ‘generating functional’, which generalizes the so-called Poisson representation. Subsequently, the solutions of the PDEs are expressed in terms of two path integrals: a ‘forward’ and a ‘backward’ path integral. Combined with inverse transformations, one obtains two distinct path integral representations of the conditional probability distribution solving the master equations. We exemplify both path integrals in analysing elementary chemical reactions. Moreover, we show how a well-known path integral representation of averaged observables can be recovered from them. Upon expanding the forward and the backward path integrals around stationary paths, we then discuss and extend a recent method for the computation of rare event probabilities. Besides, we also derive path integral representations for processes with continuous state spaces whose forward and backward master equations admit Kramers–Moyal expansions. A truncation of the backward expansion at the level of a diffusion approximation recovers a classic path integral representation of the (backward) Fokker–Planck equation. One can rewrite this path integral in terms of an Onsager–Machlup function and, for purely diffusive Brownian motion, it simplifies to the path integral of Wiener. To make this review accessible to a broad community, we have used the language of probability theory rather than quantum (field) theory and do not assume any knowledge of the latter. The probabilistic structures underpinning various technical concepts, such as coherent states, the Doi-shift, and normal-ordered observables, are thereby made explicit.
Probing the Interstellar Medium in Early-Type Galaxies withInfrared Space Observatory Observations

Four IRAS-detected early-type galaxies were observed with the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). With the exception of the 15 μm image of NGC 1052, the mid-IR images of NGC 1052, NGC 1155, NGC 5866, and NGC 6958 at 4.5, 7, and 15 μm show extended emission. Mid-IR emission from NGC 1052, NGC 1155, and NGC 6958 follows a de Vaucouleurs profile. The ratio of 15 μm/7 μm flux decreases with radius in these galaxies, approaching the values empirically observed for purely stellar systems. In NGC 5866, the 7 and 15 μm emission is concentrated in the edge-on dust lane. All the galaxies are detected in the [C II] (158 μm) line, and the S0s NGC 1155 and NGC 5866 are detected in the [O I] (63 μm) line as well. Previous detections of neutral interstellar medium (ISM) are sparse: only NGC 1052 had been detected in H I and NGC 5866 in CO. The ISO long-wavelength spectrograph observations of the [C II] line are more sensitive measures of cool neutral ISM than H I and CO by about a factor of 10-100. Comparison of [C II] with Hα shows that [C II] does not arise in H II regions and therefore must arise in the neutral medium. Three of four early-type galaxies, namely, NGC 1052, NGC 6958, and NGC 5866, have low ratios of far-infrared to blue luminosity and show a lower L/LFIR, which is explained by postulating a softer radiation field from old stellar populations in early-type galaxies, compared to spirals and irregulars, where young stars are present. While optical photons are effective in heating the dust, UV radiation is needed to heat the gas by the grain photoelectric mechanism. The low [C II]/CO ratio in NGC 5866 [L/LCO(1-0) ≤ 570] confirms this scenario. We estimate the UV radiation expected from the old stellar populations in these galaxies and compare it to that needed to heat the gas to account for the cooling observed [C II] and [O I] lines. In three out of four galaxies, NGC 1052, NGC 5866, and NGC 6958, the predicted UV radiation falls short by a factor of 2-3 of that required to sufficiently heat the gas. In view of the observed intrinsic scatter in the "UV upturn" in elliptical galaxies and its great sensitivity to age and metallicity effects, this difference is not significant. However, the much larger difference (about a factor of 20) between the UV radiation from old stars and that needed to produce the far-infrared lines for NGC 1155 is strong evidence for the presence of an additional UV source, probably young stars, in NGC 1155.
Nonlinear model predictive control of a smart-scale emulsion polymerization process

In this article a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) scheme for a smart-scale emulsion polymerization process is presented. The control objective is to maintain the product quality specifications and safe operating conditions even when the process is subject to disturbances or the product quality setpoint changes. The total monomer conversion and the polymer composition are used as a measure of product quality and the reactor temperature is used as a measure of process safety. The model is a set of differential algebraic equations, which captures the polymerization kinetics, mass transfer and heat transfer in the reactor as well as the dynamics of the auxiliary equipment namely thermostats, pumps and mixing chambers. An extended Kalman filter is used to estimate unmeasured states, from measurements of temperature and mass of reactant fed to the reactor. The performance of the NMPC scheme is demonstrated in simulation case studies.
A Study of Localized On-Demand Data Collection in Sensor Networks

In sensor networks, users can collect the sensing data in an on-demand manner. Upon receiving a user's query message, each sensor node that is corresponding to the query delivers the sensing data to the sink node. However, directly forwarding query message throughout the network will cause a large traffic overhead and high energy consumption. In addition, directly forwarding all sensing data toward the sink node via many independent paths might be inefficient with regards to energy consumption and energy distribution. In this paper, we propose a localized query forwarding and data collection scheme based on the processing of the attribute content of the query's name. In contrast to the conventional distributions of data query, a query's name is resolved into the IDs and the locations of corresponding group of sensor nodes before being distributed to the network. Therefore, the query is efficiently forwarded into the network within a localized area. Furthermore, the sensing data are collected and aggregated at intermediate nodes that reside among the corresponding sensor nodes, before being forwarded to the sink node. We also attempt to extensively study the performance on an 802.15. 4 integrated ns-2 simulator. The simulation results reveal that the proposed approaches highly reduce the energy consumption of data query and data collection in the network and the energy distribution is more efficiently distributed among sensor nodes than conventional approaches.
Interpretability Assessment in Fuzzy Rule Based Systems

Rule based systems are basically knowledge base systems. They imitate the functionalty of human decision making process in machines. The knowledge is stored in the Knowledge Base of the fuzzy rule based systems. The knowledge is expressed, manipulated and processed by using fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic represents the human knowledge very well because its mathematical framework is very strong to deal with uncertainity and vaguness inherent with human knowledge. Interpreatbility is the subjective feature of the fuzzy rule based system that quantifies the understandability of the system functioning by a user. Due to its subjective nature, it is not easy to quantify the interpretability. No global index has been developed till now to deal with interpretability assessment. In this paper the authors have proposed a new interpretability assement index. The experimental activities are carried out by using open access software "Guaje".
Stability analysis and experiments for a force augmenting device

We present preliminary results of a one degree of freedom (DOF) linear moving force augmenting device (FAD) with a force sensor for enhancing the lifting capabilities of a human user. We perform a stability test of the feedback loop formed by the device and a model of the human operator. It is shown that the operator lifts a small fraction of the total weight of the load. The proposed control scheme is illustrated using numerical simulations and an experiment.
Multicenter evaluation of proposed standardized procedure for antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi

A multicenter study was conducted to expand the generation and analysis of data that supports the proposal of a reference method for the antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi. Broth microdilution MICs of amphotericin B and itraconazole were determined in 11 centers against 30 coded duplicate pairs of Aspergillus spp. , Fusarium spp. , Pseudallescheria boydii, and Rhizopus arrhizus. The effect of inoculum density (approximately 10(3) and 10(4) CFU/ml), incubation time (24, 48, and 72 h), and procedure of MIC determination (conventional and colorimetric [Alamar Blue] evaluation of growth inhibition) on intra- and interlaboratory agreement was analyzed. Based on intra- (97 to 100%) and interlaboratory (94 to 95%) agreement for both drugs, the overall optimal testing conditions identified were determination of colorimetric MICs after 48 to 72 h of incubation with an inoculum density of approximately 10(4) CFU/ml. These testing conditions are proposed as guidelines for a reference broth microdilution method.
Superluminal tunneling through two successive barriers(

We study the phenomenon of one-dimensional non-resonant tunneling through two successive (opaque) potential barriers, separated by an intermediate free region R ,b y analyzing the relevant solutions to the Schroedinger equation. We find that the total traversal time does not depend not only on the barrier widths (the so-called "Hartman effect"), but also on the R width: so that the effective velocity in the region R, between the two barriers, can be regarded as practically infinite. This agrees with the results known from the corresponding waveguide experiments, which simulated the tunneling experiment herein considered due to the known formal identity between the Schroedinger and the Helmholtz equation.
Single channel time-varying amplitude LFM interference blind separation based on improved particle filter

Two methods are proposed for single channel blind separation problem of communication signal and LFM interference based on genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimized particle filtering. Proposed algorithms aim to obtain the maximum a posterior (MAP) estimate of communication code and the unknown parameters using particle filtering by establishing the state space model for the interfered signal, Specially, in order to overcome the sample impoverishment problem, genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimized is introduced to the re-sampling process in particle filtering. In such a way, the number of needed particles is reduced and the variety of particles is retained during the sequential estimation process, moreover, the proposed algorithm has superior performance under time-varying amplitude LFM interference. Simulation results show that particle swarm optimized resample method is effective to separate communication signal and interference when the ISR is less than 15dB and SNR is more than 14dB.
Experiences made with the design and development of a message-passing kernel for a dual-processor-node parallel computer

This paper presents the experiences made with the design and implementation of the Peace message-passing kernel. Peace is the object-oriented parallel operating system developed for the Manna parallel computer. Manna is a dual-processor-node distributed-memory machine using crossbar technology for node interconnection. Performance figures of the Peace kernel configurations are presented and their implications with respect to communication latency hiding are discussed.
Use of carbon nanostructures for hydrogen storage for environmentally safe automotive applications

Carbon nanostructures are considered materials with a high potential for hydrogen storage. CCVD technique was used to grown nanotubes with diameters ranging from 50 to 100 nm on a Ni:Cu catalyst and nanofibers with diameters ranging from 10 to 100 nm on a Pd/La/sub 2/O/sub 3/ catalyst. The hydrogen uptake experiments performed volumetrically in a Sievert-type installation, showed the quantity of desorbed hydrogen (for pressure intervals ranging from 1 to 100 bars) by the nanotubes was less than 1 % by weight. The hydrogen sorption capacities of the carbon nanofibers show saturation value of about 1.5 wt. % and to be in a good correlation with the Pd/C ratio, revealing a catalytic effect of Pd that supplies atomic H.
Towards Optimal and Scalable Non-functional Service Matchmaking Techniques

Service-orientation paves the way for the Internet of Services (IoS), where millions of services will be available for building novel applications. As such, the service non-functional aspect should be considered for filtering and selecting among the great number of functionally-equivalent services that will be available for a specific user task. Until now, the state-of-the-art work in non-functional service discovery has exploited constraint solving techniques to optimize the matchmaking time between a non-functional service offer and demand pair. However, as matchmaking time is proportional to the offer number, this work does not scale well so it is not yet appropriate for the IoS. To this end, two alternative techniques are proposed to improve the overall matchmaking time. Both techniques were theoretically and experimentally evaluated. The results show that both techniques optimize the matchmaking time without sacrificing accuracy, while the second technique is quite scalable.
Expression and Clinical Significance of Androgen Receptor in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a poor prognosis because of frequent recurrence. Androgen receptor (AR) is involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, but its role is not clearly defined. The aim of this study was to explore the expression of AR and its relationship with clinicopathologic features in TNBC. Methods: This study investigated 1036 cases of sporadic invasive breast carcinoma. Immunohistochemical assays were performed to determine the expression of AR in 190 TNBC samples. The relationships between AR expression and clinicopathologic data and prognosis were analyzed. Results: In 190 TNBC cases, the prognosis of AR-positive patients was significantly better (p = 0.019, log-rank) than AR-negative patients, and in multivariate analysis, AR expression was an independent indicator of good prognosis (p = 0.039, hazard ratio = 0.36). In patients with disease relapse, AR positivity was significantly correlated with better prognosis (p = 0.034, log-rank). Conclusions: AR expression may be useful as a subclassification marker for prognosis in TNBC.
An asynchronous parallel approach to sparse recovery

Asynchronous parallel computing and sparse recovery are two areas that have received recent interest. Asynchronous algorithms are often studied to solve optimization problems where the cost function takes the form Σ<inf>i=1</inf><sup>M</sup>ƒ<inf>i</inf>(x), with a common assumption that each ƒ<inf>i</inf> is sparse; that is, each ƒ<inf>i</inf> acts only on a small number of components of x ∈ ℝ<sup>n</sup>. Sparse recovery problems, such as compressed sensing, can be formulated as optimization problems, however, the cost functions ƒ<inf>i</inf> are dense with respect to the components of x, and instead the signal x is assumed to be sparse, meaning that it has only s non-zeros where s ≪ n. Here we address how one may use an asynchronous parallel architecture when the cost functions ƒ<inf>i</inf> are not sparse in x, but rather the signal x is sparse. We propose an asynchronous parallel approach to sparse recovery via a stochastic greedy algorithm, where multiple processors asynchronously update a vector in shared memory containing information on the estimated signal support. We include numerical simulations that illustrate the potential benefits of our proposed asynchronous method.
Did the notochord evolve from an ancient axial muscle? The axochord hypothesis

The origin of the notochord is one of the key remaining mysteries of our evolutionary ancestry. Here, we present a multi‐level comparison of the chordate notochord to the axochord, a paired axial muscle spanning the ventral midline of annelid worms and other invertebrates. At the cellular level, comparative molecular profiling in the marine annelids P. dumerilii and C. teleta reveals expression of similar, specific gene sets in presumptive axochordal and notochordal cells. These cells also occupy corresponding positions in a conserved anatomical topology and undergo similar morphogenetic movements. At the organ level, a detailed comparison of bilaterian musculatures reveals that most phyla form axochord‐like muscles, suggesting that such a muscle was already present in urbilaterian ancestors. Integrating comparative evidence at the cell and organ level, we propose that the notochord evolved by modification of a ventromedian muscle followed by the assembly of an axial complex supporting swimming in vertebrate ancestors.
Document identifier reassignment and run-length-compressed inverted indexes for improved search performance

Text search engines are a fundamental tool nowadays. Their efficiency relies on a popular and simple data structure: the inverted indexes. Currently, inverted indexes can be represented very efficiently using index compression schemes. Recent investigations also study how an optimized document ordering can be used to assign document identifiers (docIDs) to the document database. This yields important improvements in index compression and query processing time. In this paper we follow this line of research, yet from a different perspective. We propose a docID reassignment method that allows one to focus on a given subset of inverted lists to improve their performance. We then use run-length encoding to compress these lists (as many consecutive 1s are generated). We show that by using this approach, not only the performance of the particular subset of inverted lists is improved, but also that of the whole inverted index. Our experimental results indicate a reduction of about 10% in the space usage of the whole index docID reassignment was focused. Also, decompression speed is up to 1.22 times faster if the runs must be explicitly decompressed and up to 4.58 times faster if implicit decompression of runs is allowed. Finally, we also improve the Document-at-a-Time query processing time of AND queries (by up to 12%), WAND queries (by up to 23%) and full (non-ranked) OR queries (by up to 86%).
AB INITIO Molecular Orbital Theory

Describes and discusses the use of theoretical models as an alternative to experiment in making accurate predictions of chemical phenomena. Addresses the formulation of theoretical molecular orbital models starting from quantum mechanics, and compares them to experimental results. Draws on a series of models that have already received widespread application and are available for new applications. A new and powerful research tool for the practicing experimental chemist.