Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Inhibition Mechanism of Sarcoplasmic or Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPases by Cyclopiazonic Acid*

Ca2+-ATPase inhibition by stoichiometric and substoichiometric concentrations of cyclopiazonic acid was studied in sarcoplasmic reticulum preparations from rabbit fast-twitch muscle. The apparent affinity of the nonphosphorylated enzyme for ATP showed a Kd of ∼3 μM in the absence of cyclopiazonic acid and ∼28 μM in the presence of the drug. Fractional saturation of the enzyme by cyclopiazonic acid was accompanied by the appearance of two ATP-binding populations (enzyme with and without drug) and a progressive increase in the half-maximal concentration for saturating the ATP-binding sites. Enzyme turnover in the presence of stoichiometric concentrations of cyclopiazonic acid displayed lower apparent affinity for ATP and lower maximal hydrolytic activity than in the absence of the drug. When cyclopiazonic acid is in the substoichiometric range, the observed kinetic parameters will correspond to the simultaneous contribution of two different reaction cycles sustained by the enzyme with and without drug. The inhibition could be elicited by adding ATP to allow the enzyme turnover when cyclopiazonic acid was preincubated with the enzyme in the presence of Ca2+. The onset of inhibition during enzyme cycling was observed over a period of seconds, revealing the existence of a low inhibition rate constant. It is concluded that cyclopiazonic acid decreases enzyme affinity for ATP in non-turnover conditions by approximately one order of magnitude. This allows enzyme cycling after drug binding, provided that a high ATP concentration is used. Cyclopiazonic acid and ATP do not compete for the same binding site.
Inappropriate Selection of First-line Managers Can Be Hazardous to the Health of Organizations

Inappropriate selection decisions that occur when individuals are hired or promoted into first-line managerial positions without full consideration of their qualifications can create major problems for health care organizations. This article examines the perceptions that employees may have regarding new managers who are ineffective and the problems resulting from inappropriate selection decisions and offers suggestions for avoiding these problems.
Integrating Event Frame Annotation into the Open Ontology Forge Annotation Tool

In this paper, we propose a scheme for event frame annotation integrated into the Open Ontology Forge (OOF) annotation tool. This is a key requirement for realization of knowledge description on the Semantic Web. Semantic information contained in each event frame is a set of relationships between a predicate and its arguments. As our aim is to keep OOF flexible for various types of annotation projects, the scheme proposed in this paper is designed based on the specialization three popular schemes: MUC-7’s template relation, PropBank’s predicate-argument structure and FrameNet’s semantic frame.
Supplementary data: Combined biotic and abiotic stress resistance in tomato

Abiotic and biotic stress factors are the major constrains for the realization of crop yield potential. As climate change progresses, the spread and intensity of abiotic as well as biotic stressors is expected to increase, with increased probability of crops being exposed to both types of stress. Shielding crops from combinatorial stress requires a better understanding of the plant’s response and its genetic architecture. In this study, we evaluated resistance to salt stress, powdery mildew and to both stresses combined in tomato, using the S. habrochaites LYC4 introgression line (IL) population. The IL population segregated for both salt stress tolerance and powdery mildew resistance. Using SNP array marker data, QTLs were identified for salt tolerance as well as Na+ and Cl- accumulation. Salt stress increased the susceptibility of the population to powdery mildew in an additive manner. Phenotypic variation for disease resistance was reduced under combined stress as indicated by the coefficient of variation (CV). No correlation was found between disease resistance and Na+ and Cl- accumulation under combined stress Most genetic loci were specific for either salt stress tolerance or powdery mildew resistance. These findings increase our understanding of the genetic regulation of responses to abiotic and biotic stress combinations and can provide leads to more efficiently breeding for tomatoes and other crops with a high level of disease resistance while maintaining their performance in combination with abiotic stress.
Detection of Demagnetization Faults in Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motors Under Nonstationary Conditions

This paper presents the results of our study of the permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) running under demagnetization. We examined the effect of demagnetization on the current spectrum of PMSMs with the aim of developing an effective condition-monitoring scheme. Harmonics of the stator currents induced by the fault conditions are examined. Simulation by means of a two-dimensional finite-element analysis (FEA) software package and experimental results are presented to substantiate the successful application of the proposed method over a wide range of motor operation conditions. Methods based on continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) have been successfully applied to detect and to discriminate demagnetization faults in PMSM motors under nonstationary conditions. Additionally, a reduced set of easy-to-compute discriminating features for both CWT and DWT methods has been defined. We have shown the effectiveness of the proposed method by means of experimental results.
Effect of Oxygen Free Radicals on Mg2+ Efflux from Erythrocytes

Hydrogen peroxide destroyed the Na+/Mg2+ antiport in Mg(2+)-loaded human and rat erythrocytes and increased the leakage of intracellular Mg2+ and K+. These effects are opposite to the increase of Na+/Mg2+ antiport and unchanged Na(+)-independent Mg2+ efflux from erythrocytes of patients with cystic fibrosis score 3. Thus, the increase of Na+/Mg2+ antiport in these patients is not caused by increased formation of free radicals.
Boundary-induced pattern formation from temporal oscillation: Spatial map analysis

Boundary-induced pattern formation is investigated using spatially one-dimensional, two-component reaction-diffusion equations. Temporal oscillation is successively transformed into a spatial pattern, triggered by diffusion from the fixed boundary. We introduced a spatial map, whose temporal sequence, under selection criteria from multiple stationary solutions, can completely reproduce the emergent pattern, by replacing the time with space. The relationship of the pattern wavelength with the period of oscillation is also obtained The pattern wavelength is proportional to the period of the oscillation when the emergent pattern is periodic. The generality of the pattern selection process and algorithm is discussed with possible relevance to biological morphogenesis.
Modelling sintering at different length scales

Abstract Recent developments in modelling the sintering process of powder compacts are critically reviewed. Both free sintering and pressure assisted sintering are considered. The review approaches the sintering models from the point of view of an end user of the models and sets out to: assess how useful and accurate the existing models are, discuss what is missing from the existing models, and suggest the way forward. This naturally leads to the challenges and opportunities in industrial practice and scientific research of the sintering process. The structure of the review is arranged around the length scales of the various models, i.e. the atomic scale, the particle/grain scale and the component/continuum scale. At each scale, a black box description of the models is given and then the details and the issues of the models are discussed. As a secondary aim, the various numerical techniques for computer simulation of sintering are also reviewed. The review is not intended to explain the numerical techniques in detail, but to guide the reader in the right direction and point to appropriate literature.
Single Dose Corticosteroid Therapy After Surgical Repair of Fallot’s Tetralogy; A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Background: Inflammatory reaction can produce several complications after cardiac surgery. Many attempts have been made to reduce these complications; perioperative corticosteroid therapy is one of the simplest methods. Objectives: We conducted a randomized study to evaluate the efficacy of single dose methylprednisolone, prescribed after surgery, for reducing the complications. Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot was chosen as a homogenous large group for the study. Patients and Methods: One hundred children who underwent total repair of Tetralogy of Fallot were enrolled in this study. After the surgery, all patients were transferred to pediatric ICU and were randomized (in a double-blind fashion) in 2 groups (A and B); a single dose of methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg of body weight) was injected to participants of group “A” just at the time of ICU entrance. Group “B” received no drug. Then, clinical outcomes and laboratory data were compared between the two groups. Results: The only significant differences were lower incidence of bacteremia and higher incidence of hyperglycemia in the group who were used methylprednisolone. Conclusions: Using a single postsurgical dose of methylprednisolone does not significantly alter the clinical outcome after repairing Tetralogy of Fallot.
Template-Based Surface Realization for Referring Expression Generation in the TUNA-REG Challenge 2009

This paper describes the template-based surface realizer which was used by the GRAPH team in the TUNA-REG Challenge 2009 in combination with an attribute selection algorithm used in previous editions of the TUNA challenges. The new template-based realizer is compared to the realizer used by the GRAPH team in the REG 2008 Challenge and to an improved version of the 2008 realizer. Results show no improvement for the relatively simple furniture domain. However, for the more complicated people domain there was a clear improvement on the one hand due to the use of the template-based realizer, on the other hand due to better lexical choices compared to the 2008 realizer.
Adaptive Subspace Based Online PCA Algorithm for Mobile Robot Scene Learning and Recognition

The learning method for visual scene recognition that compute a space of eigenvectors by Principal Component Analysis(PCA) traditionally require a batch computation step, in which the only way to update the subspace is to rebuild the subspace by the scratch when it comes to new samples. In this paper, we introduce a new approach to scene recognition based on online PCA algorithm with adaptive subspace, which allows for complete incremental learning. We propose to use different subspace updating strategy for new sample according to the degree of difference between new sample and learned sample, which can improve the adaptability in different situations, and also reduce the time of calculation and storage space. The experimental results show that the proposed method can recognize the unknown scene, realizing online scene accumulation and updating, and improving the recognition performance of system.
Polymorphonuclear Cell Transmigration Induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Requires the Eicosanoid Hepoxilin A31

Lung inflammation resulting from bacterial infection of the respiratory mucosal surface in diseases such as cystic fibrosis and pneumonia contributes significantly to the pathology. A major consequence of the inflammatory response is the recruitment and accumulation of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) at the infection site. It is currently unclear what bacterial factors trigger this response and exactly how PMNs are directed across the epithelial barrier to the airway lumen. An in vitro model consisting of human PMNs and alveolar epithelial cells (A549) grown on inverted Transwell filters was used to determine whether bacteria are capable of inducing PMN migration across these epithelial barriers. A variety of lung pathogenic bacteria, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are indeed capable of inducing PMN migration across A549 monolayers. This phenomenon is not mediated by LPS, but requires live bacteria infecting the apical surface. Bacterial interaction with the apical surface of A549 monolayers results in activation of epithelial responses, including the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and secretion of the PMN chemokine IL-8. However, secretion of IL-8 in response to bacterial infection is neither necessary nor sufficient to mediate PMN transepithelial migration. Instead, PMN transepithelial migration is mediated by the eicosanoid hepoxilin A3, which is a PMN chemoattractant secreted by A549 cells in response to bacterial infection in a protein kinase C-dependent manner. These data suggest that bacterial-induced hepoxilin A3 secretion may represent a previously unrecognized inflammatory mechanism occurring within the lung epithelium during bacterial infections.
A Review of the Ingredients Contained in Over the Counter (OTC) Cough Syrup Formulations in Kenya. Are They Harmful to Infants?

Background Cough syrups are widely used in the developing world, but safety of their use in infants and children less than two years has not been well documented. Some syrups contain multiple combinations of such drugs as promethazine, diphenhydramine and ephedrine; which are individually now contraindicated in children less than two years. Despite this, the syrups are available as over the counter drugs and may be dispensed to mothers who are unaware of the potentially hazardous effects to their infants. A descriptive cross-sectional study was used to investigate suitability of cough syrups sold within Eldoret municipality for use in children less than two years of age based on their formulations and available literature. Methods Two semi-structured questionnaires were administered to pharmacy attendants and mothers attending sick child clinic at a referral hospital to establish whether cough syrups containing more than one active ingredient of compounds, now contraindicated in children are administered to infants, and awareness of potential serious adverse effects. Data from labeled contents of cough syrups from retail pharmacies was recorded and corroborated with information from literature to determine those deemed to contain the ingredients. The second questionnaire was administered to mothers with children less than two years to ascertain whether they had used the identified syrups. A total of 260 mothers and 55 pharmacy attendants were interviewed. Results There was widespread use of the syrups in children, including infants, with 192 (74%) of the respondents having used identified syrups and over 90% of these on children less than 2 years including those less than three months.146 (76%) mothers had administered the syrup at double the recommended dose. Conclusion The regulatory authorities should make concerted efforts to discourage use of cough syrups containing ingredients that pose adverse events to infants, including campaigns to educate pharmacy workers and mothers.
Influence of Carbon Nanotubes on the Mechanical Properties and Morphology of the Thermoplastic Polymer Matrix of the Polyamide 6

This paper examines mechanical properties of composites with thermoplastic polymer matrix and carbon nanotubes. Polyamide 6 was used as a basic matrix, to which nanoparticles in the form of nanotubes were added in a described proportion to the weight. Granulate was prepared by cold granulation in the worm extruder. Dried granulate was injected into the Arburg injection molding machine. Mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile and hardness test. These results were then compared with results achieved by polyamide 6 to which no fillers were added. Discussion analyses what is the influence of nanotubes fillers on crystallinity degree of the polymer matrix of polyamide 6. Conclusion evaluates and compares influence of presence of fillers on the mechanical properties of polypropylene matrix.
Sphingolipid Metabolism Is a Crucial Determinant of Cellular Fate in Nonstimulated Proliferating Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) Cells*

The present report was addressed to study the influence of sphingolipid metabolism in determining cellular fate. In nonstimulated proliferating Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, sphingolipid de novo synthesis is branched mainly to a production of sphingomyelin and ceramide, with a minor production of sphingosylphosphocholine, ceramide 1-phosphate, and sphingosine 1-phosphate. Experiments with 32P as a radioactive precursor showed that sphingosine 1-phosphate is produced mainly by a de novo independent pathway. Enzymatic inhibition of the de novo pathway and ceramide synthesis affected cell number and viability only slightly, without changing sphingosine 1-phosphate production. By contrast, inhibition of sphingosine kinase-1 activity provoked a significant reduction in both cell number and viability in a dose-dependent manner. When sphingolipid metabolism was studied, an increase in de novo formed ceramide was found, which correlated with the concentration of enzyme inhibitor and the reduction in cell number and viability. Knockdown of sphingosine kinase-1 expression also induced an accumulation of de novo synthesized ceramide, provoking a slight reduction in cell number and viability similar to that induced by a low concentration of the sphingosine kinase inhibitor. Taken together, our results indicate that the level of de novo formed ceramide is controlled by the synthesis of sphingosine 1-phosphate, which appears to occur through a de novo synthesis-independent pathway, most probably the salvage pathway, that is responsible for the MDCK cell fate, suggesting that under proliferating conditions, a dynamic interplay exists between the de novo synthesis and the salvage pathway.
Motor skills and school performance in children with daily physical education in school – a 9‐year intervention study

The aim was to study long‐term effects on motor skills and school performance of increased physical education (PE). All pupils born 1990–1992 from one school were included in a longitudinal study over nine years. An intervention group (n = 129) achieved daily PE (5 × 45 min/week) and if needed one extra lesson of adapted motor training. The control group (n = 91) had PE two lessons/week. Motor skills were evaluated by the Motor Skills Development as Ground for Learning observation checklist and school achievements by marks in Swedish, English, Mathematics, and PE and proportion of pupils who qualified for upper secondary school. In school year 9 there were motor skills deficits in 7% of pupils in the intervention group compared to 47% in the control group (P < 0.001), 96% of the pupils in the intervention group compared to 89% in the control group (P < 0.05) qualified for upper secondary school. The sum of evaluated marks was higher among boys in the intervention group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The sum of marks was also higher in pupils with no motor skills deficit than among pupils with motor skills deficits (P < 0.01), as was the proportion of pupils who qualified for upper secondary school (97% vs 81%, P < 0.001). Daily PE and adapted motor skills training during the compulsory school years is a feasible way to improve not only motor skills but also school performance and the proportion of pupils who qualify for upper secondary school.
Improved Classification of Orthosiphon stamineus by Data Fusion of Electronic Nose and Tongue Sensors

An improved classification of Orthosiphon stamineus using a data fusion technique is presented. Five different commercial sources along with freshly prepared samples were discriminated using an electronic nose (e-nose) and an electronic tongue (e-tongue). Samples from the different commercial brands were evaluated by the e-tongue and then followed by the e-nose. Applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA) separately on the respective e-tongue and e-nose data, only five distinct groups were projected. However, by employing a low level data fusion technique, six distinct groupings were achieved. Hence, this technique can enhance the ability of PCA to analyze the complex samples of Orthosiphon stamineus. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was then used to further validate and classify the samples. It was found that the LDA performance was also improved when the responses from the e-nose and e-tongue were fused together.
A Decade of Advances in Military Trauma Care

Background: While combat casualty care shares many key concepts with civilian trauma systems, its unique features mandate certain practices that are distinct from the civilian ones. Methods: This is a review of the most current literature on combat casualty care, based on computer database searches for studies on combat casualty care and military medicine. Studies were selected for inclusion in this review based on their relevance and contribution. Results: Over the last decade, meticulous, international data collection and research efforts have led to significant improvements in military trauma care. Combat medicine has focused on the causes of preventable deaths and targeted on bleeding control and resuscitation strategies, as well as improved evacuation. En route care and forward surgical interventions have resulted in unprecedented low fatality rates and the saving of more lives. Conclusion: This overview of the developments in combat casualty care in recent years emphasizes medical practices that are characteristic of combat medicine, yet with the potential to save lives in other scenarios, as well.