Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling and analysis of non-functional requirements as aspects in a UML based architecture design

The problem of effectively designing and analyzing software system to meet its nonfunctional requirements such as performance, security, and adaptability is critical to the system's success. The significant benefits of such work include detecting and removing defects earlier, reducing development time and cost while improving the quality. The formal design analysis framework (FDAF) is an aspect-oriented approach that supports the design and analysis of non-functional requirements for distributed, real-time systems. In the FDAF, nonfunctional requirements are defined as reusable aspects in the repository and the conventional UML has been extended to support the design of these aspects. FDAF supports the automated translation of extended, aspect-oriented UML designs into existing formal notations, leveraging an extensive body of formal methods work. In this paper, the design and analysis of response time performance aspect is described. An example system, the ATM/banking system has been used to illustrate this process.
PSPACE using Error Correcting Codes Or

The IP theorem, which asserts that IP = PSPACE (Lund et. al., and Shamir, in J. ACM 39(4)), is one of the major achievements of complexity theory. The known proofs of the theorem are based on the arithmetization technique, which transforms a quantified Boolean formula into a related polynomial. The intuition that underlies the use of polynomials is commonly explained by the fact that polynomials constitute good error correcting codes. However, the known proofs seem tailored to the use of polynomials, and do not generalize to arbitrary error correcting codes. In this work, we show that the IP theorem can be proved by using general error correcting codes. We believe that this establishes a rigorous basis for the aforementioned intuition, and sheds further light on the IP theorem.
Affordances as Probabilistic Functions: Implications for Development, Perception, and Decisions for Action

We propose a new way to describe affordances for action. Previous characterizations of affordances treat action possibilities as binary categories—either possible or impossible—separated by a critical point. Here, we show that affordances are probabilistic functions, thus accounting for variability in motor performance. By measuring an affordance function, researchers can describe the likelihood of success for every unit of the environment. We demonstrate how to fit an affordance function to performance data using established psychophysical procedures and illustrate how the threshold and variability parameters describe different possibilities for action. Finally, we discuss the implications of probabilistic affordances for development, perception, and decision making.
Development of robust antibody purification by optimizing protein‐A chromatography in combination with precipitation methodologies

To be administered to patients, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies must have very high purity, with process related impurities like host‐cell proteins (HCPs) and DNA reduced to <100 ppm and <10 ppb, respectively, relative to desired product. Traditionally, Protein‐A chromatography as a capture step has been the work horse for clearing a large proportion of these impurities. However, remaining levels of process and product related impurities still present significant challenges on the development of polishing steps further downstream. In this study, we have incorporated high throughput screening to evaluate three areas of separation: (i) Harvest treatment; (ii) Protein‐A Chromatography; and (iii) Low pH Viral Inactivation. Precipitation with low pH treatment of cell culture harvest resulted in selective removal of impurities while manipulating the pH of wash buffers used in Protein‐A chromatography and incorporating wash additives that disrupt various modes of protein–protein interaction resulted in further and more pronounced reduction in impurity levels. In addition, our study also demonstrate that optimizing the neutralization pH post Protein‐A elution can result in selective removal of impurities. When applied over multiple mAbs, this optimization method proved to be very robust and the strategy provides a new and improved purification process that reduces process related impurities like HCPs and DNA to drug substance specifications with just one chromatography column and open avenues for significant decrease in operating costs in monoclonal antibody purification. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2292–2304. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Copy Number Variations Detection: Unravelling the Problem in Tangible Aspects

In the midst of the important genomic variants associated to the susceptibility and resistance to complex diseases, Copy Number Variations (CNV) has emerged as a prevalent class of structural variation. Following the flood of next-generation sequencing data, numerous tools publicly available have been developed to provide computational strategies to identify CNV at improved accuracy. This review goes beyond scrutinizing the main approaches widely used for structural variants detection in general, including Split-Read, Paired-End Mapping, Read-Depth, and Assembly-based. In this paper, (1) we characterize the relevant technical details around the detection of CNV, which can affect the estimation of breakpoints and number of copies, (2) we pinpoint the most important insights related to GC-content and mappability biases, and (3) we discuss the paramount caveats in the tools evaluation process. The points brought out in this study emphasize common assumptions, a variety of possible limitations, valuable insights, and directions for desirable contributions to the state-of-the-art in CNV detection tools.
A UDDI Extension for Web Service-based Business Process Management Systems

The Universal Description Discovery & Integration (UDDI) is a specification for XML registry that enables functionality-based publication and discovery of Web services. This paper presents a UDDI extension to support Quality of Service (QoS) management in the context of Business Process Management Systems (BPMSs). To allow service selection according to functional and nonfunctional requirements, a BPMS architecture should include brokers to match consumer policies with policies stored in UDDI repositories and monitors to update QoS attributes. The main contributions of this approach are the use of the Web Services Policy Framework specification to describe policies for Web services and a UDDI extension to include QoS attributes.
Cortrak‐Assisted Feeding Tube Insertion: A Comprehensive Review of Adverse Events in the MAUDE Database

Background Electromagnetic devices to guide feeding tube placement such as the CORTRAK Enteral Access System have shown promising results; however, researchers in recent studies have expressed concern that a higher level of user expertise may be required for safe use. Objectives To review adverse events related to CORTRAK‐assisted feeding tube insertion reported in the Food and Drug Administration's Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database. Methods A retrospective, secondary analysis of the MAUDE database was performed to evaluate adverse events (ie, injury or death of patient) related to CORTRAK. Results Fifty‐four adverse events between January 1, 2006 and February 29, 2016 were identified and reviewed. Most events (98%) involved feeding tube placement in the lungs (37%, left lung; 46%, right lung; 15%, not specified). Lung complications included pneumothorax (77%) and pneumonitis (21%). Death occurred in 17% of lung placements. Clinicians failed to recognize placement in 89% of CORTRAK insertion tracings reviewed. Conclusions Lung placement is not unique to CORTRAK and is an inherent risk of all feeding tube insertions. In known or suspected lung placement, feeding tubes should be removed and radiography performed to assess for pneumothorax. Clinicians must observe closely for lung placement and discriminate lung from gastric placement on insertion tracings. Clinicians require specialized training and experience to develop competency in using the CORTRAK device, although the exact amount of experience needed is unknown.
Australian children's understanding of display rules

Cultural display rules govern the manifestation of emotional expressions. In compliance with display rules, the facial expressions displayed (i.e. apparent emotion) may be incongruent with the emotion experienced (i.e. real emotion). This study investigates Australian Caucasian children's understanding of display rules. A sample of 80 four year olds and 96 six year olds was presented with hypothetical stories in which display rules would govern whether or not apparent emotion should match real emotion. Children were then asked to identify the real and apparent emotion corresponding to the story from an array of facial expressions of emotion. Results indicated that children gave non‐regulated responses to story that allowed the genuine expression of real emotion and to stories that required emotional dissemblance, indicating no attempt to hide the expression of real emotion. No gender difference was found in this sample. It seems likely that both cognitive and socialisation factors could account for the results.
The Demise of New Labour? The British 'Mid-Term' Elections of 2008

The annual local elections in Britain are closely scrutinised for the clues they offer about the current state of public opinion. The 2008 contests attracted particular attention. The governing Labour party recorded its worst local election performance for 40 years; the Conservative opposition its best since John Major's electoral honeymoon in 1992. These elections, and other evidence, appear to have shifted the political narrative so that a Conservative victory at the next general election (due before mid-2010) is now seen as increasingly possible.
Low-profile cavity-backed slot antenna using UC-PBG substrate

A low-profile cavity-backed slot antenna is proposed using a uniplanar compact photonic band-gap (UC-PBG) structure, which is a 2D periodic metallic pattern loaded on a thin dielectric slab backed with a ground plane. The UC-PBG substrate behaves like an open boundary at the resonant frequency and this property is exploited to reduce the cavity size while keeping good antenna performance.
Middleware for Secure Home Access and Control

User adaptive systems in the context of pervasive computing can only unveil their power if based on a generic middleware managing private data and context information in combination with flexible device access and control. However, managing those data poses severe privacy problems both legally and from a trust perspective. Therefore we propose a home automation middleware for secure management of user and context data that gives access to services just for the authorized users and devices. The middleware has been successfully tested at the ambient computing (AC-LAB) at the University of Paderborn
Violence in a Religiously Divided City: Kaduna, Nigeria—From the Shari'a Riots of 2000 to the Post-election Clashes of 2011

Abstract This paper examines why frictions developed in Kaduna between Muslims and Christians, how they turned violent, and the outcomes. The frictions were caused by a combination of the effects of colonial policies that established the north/south, Muslim/Christian divide, added to unequal treatment of ethnic groups within Nigerian state structures, and Nigeria's position as a rentier oil-producing state, making it a valuable property for elite capture, and structural adjustment that increased unemployment. Hostilities between Reform Islam and Pentecostal Christianity helped fuel conflict and the configuration of masculinities among unemployed youths facilitated participation in violence. The outcomes included death, destruction and mutual suspicion.
Viral dynamics: a model of the effects of size shape, motion and abundance of single-celled olanktonic organisms and other particles

The transport of aquatic viruses to particles can be described in terms of diffusive transport from solution. Such transport is influenced by motion of the water relative to the particle. Because transport rate is determined purely by physical factors it is independent of whether the particle is a host or non-host organism. The low viral diffusivity relative to that for dissolved nutrients makes transport enhancement from organism swimming more important for viruses. The virus contact rate with bacteria is relatively unaffected by such motions because of small bacterial sizes. Transport rates for phytoplankton and protozoa can increase over an order of magnitude when swimming motions are considered. Although larger organisms have much higher transport rates per individual, their far lower concentrations In sea water should make small organisms the preferred targets for viruses. Rates of host-virus interactions in culture are closely related to predictions from transport theory. There is a fairly close relationship between bacterial populations and virus disappearance rates in the marine environment, suggesting that non-host organisms are a major cause of viral mortality at the higher ionic strengths typical of sea water. Other factors, such as UV radiation, must also be included when estimating viral mortality in seacvater.
Bare Code: Net Art and the Free Software Movement’

In September 1999, the GNU/Linux operating system was awarded a prize by the jury of the art and technology festival Ars Electronica. This award - for the‘. net’ category - converted a computer operating system, developed throughopen collaboration, into an artwork. Setting aside the question of the jury’sDuchampian gesture of nominating a tool of production as a work of art, theevent could be said to signal the popularisation of the analogy, now frequently drawn, between avant-garde art practice and free software production. Thisanalogy insists upon the recognition that the activities of making art and softwareare both deﬁned by the necessarily collective nature of creative and intellectualproduction.
Identity Formation, Outness, and Sexual Risk Among Gay and Bisexual Men

Research on HIV among men who have sex with men has focused on individual behavioral and biomedical factors driving transmission risks, but these cannot be fully understood without also understanding the social context within which sexual minorities live. Using data from 703 gay and bisexual men in Atlanta, this study explores the factors associated with homosexual identity formation and disclosure (“outness”) and examines how these constructs are associated with sexual risk taking. In multivariable regression models, sexual identity and outness were associated with age, race, education, employment, and experience of discrimination. Independent of these factors, having a more established and open homosexual identity was associated with lower sexual risk behaviors. These results highlight the need to address discriminatory policies and values in society and call for programs to provide support and promote healthy identity development among vulnerable groups.
Experience of Photopneumatic Therapy in Taiwanese Acne Patients

Acne is a disease of the pilosebaceous unit affecting both teenagers and adults. The treatment of acne is sometimes frustrating due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, skin irritation and lack of novel therapy. Light and vacuum devices, also known as photopneumatic therapy, have been shown promising as a generally well-tolerated adjunctive treatment of acne vulgaris. We conducted a clinical study using such device to assess the efficacy and safety as an adjunctive treatment of acne in Taiwanese patients. Twenty patients received six sequential treatments every one to two weeks in the facial region. A 4 × 4 cm2 area on cheek was chosen as a control area and was not treated with photopneumatic device. Safety parameters and adverse events were recorded. VISIA Complexion Analysis System was used for image analysis on the improvement of four parameters, namely, pigmentation, pore reduction, redness and porphyrin levels. There was an overall improvement in pigmentation, pore size, redness and porphyrin levels on treatment areas. The treatment areas showed statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) in pigmentation and pore sizes compared with the control areas using paired samples T-test. Mild and self-limiting localized adverse events, mostly focal petechiae or mild irritation, were reported. Our study has demonstrated that photopneumatic therapy is an effective, safe and relatively well-tolerated procedure in Taiwanese acne patients.
Cognitive Creative Abilities and Self-Esteem across the Adult Life-Span

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between divergent thinking and self-esteem in age groups across the adult life-span. A total of 218 subjects ranging in age from 18 to 84 years responded to a personal data inventory, a self-esteem measure, and a taped auditory free-response exercise in divergent thinking. Scores were obtained for fluency, flexibility, and originality of thought, and for self-esteem. Self-esteem significantly predicts divergent thinking across age groups; age does not account for a significant amount of the variance in divergent thinking scores. Middle-aged adults score highest on measures of divergent thought and self-esteem. Self-esteem is significantly associated with the expression of divergent thinking in middle-aged adults and elderly persons.
A logical framework for reasoning about policies with trust negotiations and workflows in a distributed environment

We propose in this paper a framework in which the security policies of services in a distributed environment can be expressed. Services interact by exchanging credentials. Each service is made up of an access control policy protecting the access to the service, and of a trust negotiation policy controlling the accessibility of the credentials for other services. We add a workflow layer for each service to model its dynamic evolution with respect to the performed accesses. Unlike most of the access control policies which are uniquely based on roles, we choose an attribute based framework leading to more flexibility in the characterization of users. The strengths of this framework are its ability to control and check the access control aspect of the services and its dynamic evolution based on an exchange of credentials. We provide a unified framework for reasoning on access control policies, trust negotiation policies and workflows.
Geodesic based hybrid similarity criteria for approximate spectral clustering of remote sensing images

Spectral clustering has been successfully used in many applications thanks to its ability to extract clusters with various characteristics without a parametric model and its easy implementation. However, due to its computational cost and memory requirement, it is infeasible for big data such as remote sensing images and it can only be applied through data representatives (obtained by quantization). This approach, approximate spectral clustering (ASC), not only exploits the advantages of spectral clustering for big data, but also enables representing detailed data characteristics in different aspects including topology, local density distribution, Euclidean or geodesic distance. This study presents geodesic based hybrid similarity criteria harnessing different types of information for ASC and shows their performance in extraction of agricultural lands.
Studies on the roles of ATP, adenosine and nitric oxide in mediating muscle vasodilatation induced in the rat by acute systemic hypoxia.

1. In Saffan‐anaesthetized rats, we have further investigated the mechanisms underlying the vasodilatation induced by adenosine in skeletal muscle by acute systemic hypoxia (breathing 8% O2 for 5 min). 2. In eleven rats the nitric oxide (NO) synthesis inhibitor nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME, 10 mg kg‐1, i.v.) reduced the increase in femoral vascular conductance (FVC) induced by hypoxia by approximately 50%. L‐NAME had similar effects on the increase in FVC induced by intra‐arterial (I.A.) infusion of adenosine (at 1.2 mg kg‐1 min‐1 for 5 min via the tail artery) and by ATP (I.A., 1 mg kg‐1 min‐1 for 5 min). Subsequent administration of the adenosine receptor antagonist 8‐sulphophenyl theophylline (8‐SPT, 20 mg kg‐1, i.v.) virtually abolished the adenosine‐ and ATP‐induced increase in FVC. 3. In a further nine rats, 8‐SPT reduced the increase in FVC induced by hypoxia by approximately 50%. This remaining increase in FVC was substantially reduced by L‐NAME. 4. In an additional nine rats, alpha,beta‐methyleneADP (160 micrograms kg‐1, i.v.) which inhibits the 5'‐ectonucleotidase that degrades AMP to adenosine, reduced the peripheral vasodilatation (fall in arterial blood pressure, ABP) induced by ATP infusion, but had no effect on the increase in FVC or decrease in ABP evoked by systemic hypoxia. 5. These results provide the first evidence that the muscle vasodilatation induced by adenosine during systemic hypoxia is mainly dependent on NO synthesis. They also suggest that adenosine is released as such rather than being formed extracellularly from AMP. Given evidence that extraluminal adenosine acts in an NO‐independent fashion we propose that hypoxia releases adenosine from the endothelium. Our results also indicate that hypoxia induces muscle vasodilatation that is adenosine independent but NO dependent: they allow the possibility that this is partly mediated by ATP released from the endothelium.
Apolipoprotein structural organization in high density lipoproteins: belts, bundles, hinges and hairpins

Purpose of review To summarize recent advances towards an understanding of the three-dimensional structures of the apolipoprotein components of HDL with a specific focus on high resolution models of apolipoprotein A-I. Recent findings Since the primary sequence was first reported, various models have been advanced for the structure of apolipoprotein A-I, the major protein constituent of HDL, in its lipid-free and lipid-bound forms. Unfortunately, the generation of experimental data capable of distinguishing among the competing models has lagged far behind. However, recent experimental strategies, including X-ray crystallography, applications of resonance energy transfer and mass spectrometry, have combined with sophisticated theoretical approaches to develop three-dimensional structural models of apolipoprotein A-I with previously unavailable resolution. Summary The recent synergy of sophisticated computer modeling techniques with hard experimental data has generated new models for apolipoprotein A-I in certain subclasses of HDL produced in vitro. The challenge now is to adapt and test these models in the more complex forms of HDL isolated directly from human plasma.
Response to Comment on “Aneurysmal Lesions of Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Contain Clonally Expanded T Cells”

We appreciate Dr. Kroon and Dr. Taanman’s interest and comments on our manuscript demonstrating the presence of clonally expanded T cells in aneurysmal lesions of patients with aortic abdominal aneurysm (AAA) ([1][1]). The current treatment modalities for AAA involve surgical treatment which
Exploring managers' implicit theories of atmospheric music: comparing academic analysis to industry insight

A total of 90 hotel, restaurant, and pub managers completed unstructured telephone interviews exploring their implicit theories of how atmospheric music affects consumer behavior. Many of the implicit theories emerging in the interviews were grounded in previous research, but others had no obvious counterparts in the literature. The more novel theories suggested that atmospheric music: must follow circadian rhythms to be effective; encourages or discourages anti‐social behavior; and blocks out annoying and intrusive background noise. Each of the 14 industry‐based explanations of the effects of music is compared with results reported in the academic literature, and directions for future research on the effects of atmospheric music are identified.