Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metabolic modification of some neurologic disorders.

Some of the most spectacular drugs in the history of medicine (digitalis, quinine, penicillin) were discovered when at least two events collided randomly: a biological accident and an observer who happened to be in a perceptive state. Since such discoveries depend on an improbable happenstance, society has not yet proved capable of promoting them willfully to an appreciable degree. By sharp contrast, insulin and cortisone were developed after a slow accumulation of data, that were subjected later to novel interpretation. This approach is not a spectacular one. It is, however, readily amenable to promotion by the sequential testing of hypotheses in the laboratory and on the wards. This latter consideration may justify the personal character of the present account. Background My colleagues and I have long been interested in the metabolism of biogenic amines 1,2 and in that of essential trace metals like manganese. 3,4 Both classes of substances are
Metal cutting machines and machining methods

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make available metal cutting machines and machining methods, in which the risk of damages to a workpiece by a chip or chips is minimized and/or the removal of the chip or the chips is simplified.SOLUTION: A metal cutting machine (10) is provided that comprises: a tool head (14) which rotates in a machining area (12); a stationary workpiece (16); an externally accessible machine hood (20) which encloses the machining area (12) and has a hood opening (18) for introducing the workpiece (16) into the machining area (12); and a screen (22) for preventing fluid from escaping through the hood opening (18). In the metal cutting machine (10), a chip collector (24) is arranged in the machining area (12) behind the hood opening (18)SELECTED DRAWING: None
Consumers' Understanding and Concerns About Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE): Comparison Among Canadian, American, and Japanese Consumers

In spite of much analysis of the impact of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) on consumer perceptions and meat purchases, there has been little explicit analysis of the level of BSE knowledge. In this study the role of knowledge about BSE was examined in Canada, the United States, and Japan. In addition, the level of knowledge was linked to human health concerns regarding BSE and whether there is agreement with paying a premium for beef with BSE animal tests. From a public policy perspective, understanding whether higher or lower knowledge is linked to public concern and desire for market intervention might help in the design of risk communication in any future animal disease outbreak. Should lack of knowledge about the disease be related to a public desire for market intervention (animal testing, for example), then an increase in detailed information about how humans might contract the disease might change public pressure for intervention. As compared to U.S. and Canadian respondents, Japanese respondents are more knowledgeable regarding the ways in which humans might be exposed to the human variant of BSE (variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, vCJD) and are more concerned about the disease. However, U.S. respondents are more willing to pay a premium for beef tested to ensure that it will not result in vCJD. Japanese respondents who are more knowledgeable about BSE are more concerned about the risk of BSE to human health. In Canada, subjects who are more knowledgeable about the ways in which humans attain vCJD are less concerned about the risk of BSE to human health. Knowledge of the ways in which humans develop vCJD does not significantly influence concerns about the risk of BSE to human health in the United States or willingness to pay for BSE-tested beef in any of the three countries. The links between knowledge and concerns about BSE and between knowledge and agreement with paying premiums for BSE-tested beef were estimated for each country using ordered probit regressions.
Cannabis abuse and anaesthesia

We were interested to read the letter entitled Consent for anaesthesia (Chapman & Wolff. Anaesthesia 2002; 57: 710) as we grapple with the problem of what and how much to tell patients about their anaesthetic. As a follow up to the audit of Drs Chapman and Wolff, we asked a group of 100 patients the same questions before and then after surgery and whether, in retrospect, they felt they had received an appropriate amount of information. Before surgery, the patients were asked to indicate their preference as follows: 1. I would like to be given a full and detailed explanation of the anaesthetic, any possible alternatives, together with all the risks and benefits of each technique. 2. I would like a simple description of the anaesthetic together with an explanation of the main risks and benefits. 3. I expect that my best interests will be followed and I would like to be told as little as possible about the anaesthetic. The postoperative questions were: 1. Did you receive an appropriate amount of information about the anaesthetic prior to the operation? 2. If no, would you have liked less information or more information either written or verbal? We also collected basic demographic data of age, gender and occupation. Of the 100 patients presenting for general or urological surgery, 88 were elective and 12 urgent. The gender ratio was male 44, female 56, and the age distribution is shown in Table 1. The results of the audit are summarised in Tables 2 and 3: When broken down by gender, there was little difference in the amount of information desired or received. When analysed by age, the majority in each age group wanted Level 2 information except in the over 80s who preferred Level 3 (minimal) information. There were more in the 40–59 age group who wanted Level 1 than in other age groups, but a consistent one-third in each group between 20 and 80 years only wanted Level 3. No trends emerged with regard to occupational group. In contrast to the audit by Chapman and Wolff, the majority of our patients wanted Level 2 information, i.e. a simple explanation of the procedure and main risks and benefits (which perhaps reflects our more elderly population). Patients wanting Level 1 information were in a minority regardless of age. Nevertheless, it was gratifying that 83% of those wanting Level 1 and over 90% of those wanting partial or minimal information were satisfied with what they were told. At present, all our patients get a pamphlet about coming to theatre but not one purely dedicated to anaesthesia, although we are planning to introduce new ones based on the Royal College of Anaesthetists published booklets. However, this audit reminds us that about a third of our patients only want minimal information anyway and are happy with what they are getting. More detailed written information probably should be offered
Oral bexarotene for post‐transplant cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma

Organ transplant recipients receiving immunosuppression have an increased risk of developing post‐transplant lymphoproliferative diseases (PTLDs). Traditionally, PTLDs refer to Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐induced B‐cell lymphoma. However, post‐transplant T‐cell lymphoma may also occur and tends to have a poorer response to reduced immunosuppressive therapy. As such, additional therapy is often needed for post‐transplant T‐cell lymphoma, including post‐transplant cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (PT‐CTCL). We present only the third case of PT‐CTCL occurring after liver transplantation. The patient was diagnosed with stage IB mycosis fungoides (MF). His lesions were refractory to multiple skin‐directed therapies, and so he was given oral bexarotene 150 mg daily and his oral tacrolimus dose was decreased to 2 mg daily. Remarkably, his MF patches have demonstrated a complete response to oral bexarotene 75 mg daily without recurrence over 11 years of follow‐up. He developed hypertriglyceridemia with bexarotene 150 mg, so his dose was decreased to 75 mg, without loss of response. Our report is the second to describe PT‐CTCL demonstrating a long‐term complete response to oral bexarotene. Given its anti‐carcinogenic properties and favorable toxicity profile, oral bexarotene represents an appealing treatment option for PT‐CTCL refractory to skin‐directed therapies.
Organization of Data Warehousing in Large Service Companies - A Matrix Approach Based on Data Ownership and Competence Centers

Most work on data warehousing is dominated by architectural and data modeling issues. Although often key to the success of data warehousing projects, organizational issues are rarely covered. Based on project experiences in several large service companies, organizational requirements for data warehousing are derived. As a foundation for the development of organizational structures and organizational rules for data warehousing, the data ownership concept is specified. Based on that concept, a two-dimensional organizational structure is presented that allows to combine infrastructural competencies and content competencies. The proposed concept was implemented in a large Swiss bank.
A histogram-based color consistency test for voxel coloring

Voxel coloring has become a popular technique for reconstructing a 3D scene from a set of 2D images. While many different variants of this technique exist, all rely on a test to determine if each voxel is projecting to regions of consistent color in all views of that voxel. A number of color consistency tests can be used and the specific choice has a large influence on the quality of the reconstruction. Earlier work has used variance or the L/sub 1/ norm. We propose a new form of consistency test based on histograms that: is more robust at reconstructing textured surfaces, 2) deals properly with RGB color information, and 3) does not require fine tuning of parameters.
Porous metal-organic framework based on mu4-oxo tetrazinc clusters: sorption and guest-dependent luminescent properties.

A three-dimensional, highly porous metal-organic framework [Zn 4O(bdc)(bpz) 2]. 4DMF.6H 2O ( 1) (bdc = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate, bpz = 3,3',5,5'-tetramethyl-4,4'-bipyrazolate) constructed by Zn 4O clusters with bdc and bpz linkers, has been prepared and structurally characterized. The N 2 sorption measurements reveal that 1 exhibits high porosity with a Langmuir surface area of 1908 m (2)/g and a pore volume of 0.58 cm (3)/g. Compound 1 features hydrophobic channels with a free passage of approximately 8.2 A defined by the methyl groups from bpz, and it exhibits nice sorption capability for benzene and toluene and interesting two-step sorption behavior for methanol. Meanwhile, 1 also exhibits interesting guest-dependent luminescent properties.
The Role of Atopy in Corneal Graft Survival in Keratoconus

Purpose: To compare the prevalence of endothelial rejection episodes and the probability of graft survival after initial and repeat penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in patients with keratoconus with and without atopy. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of all patients receiving PK for keratoconus at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas from 1988 to 2009. Inclusion criteria involved those with both an International Classification of Diseases-9 code for keratoconus and a Current Procedural Terminology code for PK based on a computer database search. Patients younger than 18 years were excluded. These records were then reviewed for a history of atopic disorders. The main outcome measures included the prevalence of endothelial rejection episodes and the probability of graft survival. The probability of corneal graft survival in patients with and without a history of atopy was compared using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: There were 168 grafts in 122 patients. There were 66 (39.2%) and 102 (60.8%) grafts with and without a history of atopy, respectively. Bilateral first grafts were required in 32 patients, 14 and 18 patients with and without a history of atopy, respectively. The atopic and nonatopic groups had no significant differences with respect to age, preexisting ocular conditions, concomitant surgical procedures, and length of follow-up. Men received first grafts significantly more frequently than women in the nonatopic group (P = 0.029); however, there was no sex difference in repeat grafts. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of endothelial rejection episodes after the first (P = 0.716), second (P > 0.999), and third or further grafts (P > 0.999). Graft survival between the atopic and nonatopic groups did not differ significantly in the first (P = 0.881), second (P = 0.752), or third or further graft (P = 0.157). Among first grafts in the atopic group, no statistically significant difference in survival existed among patients analyzed with different manifestations of atopy (P = 0.061). One episode of allograft endothelial rejection created a statistically significant difference in ultimate graft survival probability in both the atopic (P = 0.003) and nonatopic (P = 0.002) groups. Conclusions: Among patients with keratoconus receiving PK, there is no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of endothelial graft rejection episodes or probability of graft survival between patients with and without a clinical history of atopy.
Toward microscale flow control using non-uniform electro-osmotic flow

We present a novel method that allows establishing desired flow patterns in a Hele-Shaw cell, solely by controlling the surface chemistry, without the use of physical walls. Using weak electrolytes, we locally pattern the chamber's ceiling and/or floor, thus defining a spatial distribution of surface charge. This translates to a non-uniform electric double layer which when subjected to an external electric field applied along the chamber, gives rise to non-uniform electroosmotic flow (EOF). We present the theory that allows prediction and design of such flows fields, as well as experimental demonstrations opening the door to configurable microfluidic devices.
Evolution of specimen strain rate in split Hopkinson bar test

The specimen strain rate in the split Hopkinson bar (SHB) test has been formulated based on a one-dimensional assumption. The strain rate is found to be controlled by the stress and strain of the deforming specimen, geometry (the length and diameter) of specimen, impedance of bar, and impact velocity. The specimen strain rate evolves as a result of the competition between the rate-increasing and rate-decreasing factors. Unless the two factors are balanced, the specimen strain rate generally varies (decreases or increases) with strain (specimen deformation), which is the physical origin of the varying nature of the specimen strain rate in the SHB test. According to the formulated strain rate equation, the curves of stress–strain and strain rate–strain are mutually correlated. Based on the correlation of these curves, the strain rate equation is verified through a numerical simulation and experiment. The formulated equation can be used as a tool for verifying the measured strain rate–strain curve simultaneously with the measured stress–strain curve. A practical method for predicting the specimen strain rate before carrying out the SHB test has also been presented. The method simultaneously solves the formulated strain rate equation and a reasonably estimated constitutive equation of specimen to generate the anticipated curves of strain rate–strain and stress–strain in the SHB test. An Excel® program to solve the two equations is provided. The strain rate equation also indicates that the increase in specimen stress during deformation (e.g., work hardening) plays a role in decreasing the slope of the strain rate–strain curve in the plastic regime. However, according to the strain rate equation, the slope of the strain rate–strain curve in the plastic deformation regime can be tailored by controlling the specimen diameter. Two practical methods for determining the specimen diameter to achieve a nearly constant strain rate are presented.
Injury-Induced Type I IFN Signaling Regulates Inflammatory Responses in the Central Nervous System

Innate glial response is critical for the induction of inflammatory mediators and recruitment of leukocytes to sites of the injury in the CNS. We have examined the involvement of type I IFN signaling in the mouse hippocampus following sterile injury (transection of entorhinal afferents). Type I IFNs signal through a receptor (IFNAR), which involves activation of IFN regulatory factor (IRF)9, leading to the induction of IFN-stimulated genes including IRF7, that in turn enhances the induction of type I IFN. Axonal transection induced upregulation of IRF7 and IRF9 in hippocampus. Induction of IRF7 and IRF9 mRNAs was IFNAR dependent. Double-labeling immunofluorescence showed that IRF7 selectively was induced in Mac-1/CD11b+ macrophages/microglia in hippocampus after axonal transection. IRF7 mRNA was also detected in microglia sorted by flow cytometry. Lack of type I IFN signaling resulted in increased leukocyte infiltration into the lesion-reactive hippocampus. Axonal lesion-induced CXCL10 gene expression was abrogated, whereas matrix metalloproteinase 9 mRNA was elevated in IFNAR-deficient mice. Our findings point to a role for type I IFN signaling in regulation of CNS response to sterile injury.
Reducing the Bitterness of Tuna (Euthynnus pelamis) Dark Meat with Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei ATCC 393

During the process of canning tuna fish, considerable amounts of dark tuna meat are left over because of its bitterness, which are then used in the production of animal food. Fermentation with Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei ATCC 393 was used as an alternative to reduce this bitter taste. Samples of meat were prepared, vacuum packed and then stored at –18 °C. The frozen dark meat was used immediately after defrosting and the experiment was carried out with 2 and 4 % of NaCl with the addition of 2 and 4 % of glucose, respectively. The dark tuna meat was inoculated with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and fermented at 10 °C for 30 days. The fermentation process was monitored through bacteriological and chemical analyses, when an increase of acidity and the corresponding decrease of pH were observed due to the prevalence of LAB. Sensorial analysis, using a test of multiple comparison, was carried out with pastes of fermented dark tuna meat and presented a significant difference when compared to the paste control, indicating the reduction of bitter taste.
Electronic Companion — “ Responding to Unexpected Overloads in Large-Scale Service Systems ” by

In this online e-companion we present additional material supplementing the main paper. The topics are ordered as they arise in the paper. In §EC.1 we discuss the way the transient distribution approaches its steady-state limit, both at the beginning and the end of an overload incident. In §EC.2 we provide additional discussion about the FQR and FQR-T controls, supplementing §4. In §EC.3 we present additional details about the optimal solution for the deterministic fluid model during the overload, supplementing §5. Finally, in §EC.5 we present additional simulation results about the performance of the control. In §EC.5. 1 we present a table of detailed simulation results supporting Figure 5. In §EC.5. 2 we present additional simulation results about the performance of FQR-T under normal loading. We perform a sensitivity analysis for the thresholds there. An important aspect of our QR-T and FQR-T controls is the transient behavior of the system. When the overload incident occurs, the system must shift from steady state under normal loading to steady state under the overload. Afterwards, at the end of the overload period, there is a recovery period, during which the system shifts back to the original steady state. From analysis and extensive simulations, we conclude that these two transient periods do not dominate, so that it is possible to use steady-state analysis as a reasonable approximation. In this section, we provide some supporting simulation results and discuss the supporting mathematical results. We start by doing a simulation experiment of an overload incident, including all five regimes: (i) steady state before the overload, (ii) transition to new steady state at the beginning of the overload, (iii) new steady state under the overload, (iv) recovery period and (v) original steady state again after the overload. Our example is based on Example 1 in the main paper and the associated typical overload incident described at the end of §3. We assume that there is an overload incident that lasts 5 hours when the mean service times are 5 minutes. Given that we measure time in units of mean service e-companion to Perry and Whitt: Responding to Unexpected Overloads ec3 times, the overload incident lasts 60 time units. Thus, we simulate the system over the time interval [0, 150], and have the overload begin at time 80 and end at time 140. Thus, the initial transient begins at time 80, while the recovery period begins at time 140. We consider …
Hyperspectral image classification via local receptive fields based random weights networks

This paper proposes a classification approach for hyperspectral image using the local receptive fields based random weights networks. The local receptive field concept originates from research in neuroscience. Considering the local correlations of spectral features, it is promising to improve the performance of HSI classification by introducing the local receptive fields. The proposed classification framework consists of four layers, i.e., input layer, convolution layer, pooling layer, and output layer. The convolution and pooling layer are used for feature extracting and the last layer is used as the classifier. Experimental results on the ROSIS Pavia University dataset confirm the effectiveness of the proposed HSI classification method.
Characterization of lung inflammation and its impact on macrophage function in aging

Systemic inflammation that occurs with increasing age (inflammaging) is thought to contribute to the increased susceptibility of the elderly to several disease states. The elderly are at significant risk for developing pulmonary disorders and infectious diseases, but the contribution of inflammation in the pulmonary environment has received little attention. In this study, we demonstrate that the lungs of old mice have elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and a resident population of highly activated pulmonary macrophages that are refractory to further activation by IFN‐γ. The impact of this inflammatory state on macrophage function was determined in vitro in response to infection with M.tb. Macrophages from the lungs of old mice secreted more proinflammatory cytokines in response to M.tb infection than similar cells from young mice and also demonstrated enhanced M.tb uptake and P‐L fusion. Supplementation of mouse chow with the NSAID ibuprofen led to a reversal of lung and macrophage inflammatory signatures. These data indicate that the pulmonary environment becomes inflammatory with increasing age and that this inflammatory environment can be reversed with ibuprofen.