Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Dry Deposition on Near-Surface Concentrations of SO2 during Medium-Range Transport

Abstract The method for estimating dry deposition velocity using local routine surface measurements with some empirical constants used in the Regional Acid Deposition Model is developed and implemented to the Lagrangian particle dispersion model to more accurately estimate near-surface concentrations of the SO2 pollutant. A test is performed for the synoptic case of a weak westerly geostrophic wind at 850 hPa with the cloud amount of less than 5/10. Hourly surface data from 64 sites located in South Korea are hourly averaged for five spring seasons from 1989 to 1993 for the chosen synoptic situation and used to construct 3D meteorological fields and turbulent fields in the boundary layer. The dry deposition velocity of SO2 estimated by the present model ranges from 0.01 to 1.4 cm s−1 with relatively large values in the daytime. The estimated near-surface concentrations at the height of 1.5 m above the ground through the Lagrangian particle dispersion model including the effect of dry deposition indicate t.
Partial Symbolic Transfer Entropy

In this paper, we introduce the partial symbolic transfer entropy (PSTE), an extension of the symbolic transfer entropy that accounts only for the direct causal effects among the components of a multivariate system. It is an information theoretic measure, and as such does not suffer from model mis-specification bias. The PSTE is defined on the ranks of vectors that are formed from the reconstructed vectors, instead of the original time series values. The statistical significance of PSTE is assessed by randomization test making use of surrogate time series. The PSTE is evaluated on multivariate time series of different types of coupled and uncoupled systems and compared with conditional Granger causality index (CGCI). It is shown that the PSTE is not affected by the existence of outliers, it is directly applicable to time series that are non-stationary in mean and in variance, and it is also not affected by data filtering. As a real application, the causal effects among three economic indexes are investigated. Computations of PSTE and CGCI on both the initial returns and the VAR filtered returns, and only of PSTE on the original indexes, showed consistency of the PSTE in estimating the causal effect.
Improved shape context based on 1-D fourier transformation

A new shape feature descriptor was proposed,which considers shape context features as an array of 1-D signals.The 1-D Fourier transformation was then performed on every signal.The new feature descriptor has been proved theoretically to be invariant for scaling,translation and rotation,with acceptable computational complexity.Shape point matching experiment shows the efficiency and effectiveness of the new feature descriptor.
SLEEPLESS IN SEATTLE - FOR HOW MANY CONSECUTIVE NIGHTS?

Looking for the number of consecutive events is an important edit check to find irregularities in otherwise normal data or a key derivation step for important analysis of variables. In this paper, we demonstrate a simple algorithm to find consecutive sleepless events, a common measurement used in Central Nervous System (CNS) studies, in sample data that meets certain criteria.
Hexagonal Hybrid Bismuthene by Molecular Interface Engineering

High-quality devices based on layered heterostructures are typically built from materials obtained by complex solid-state physical approaches or laborious mechanical exfoliation and transfer. Meanwhile, wet-chemically synthesized materials commonly suffer from surface residuals and intrinsic defects. Here, we synthesize using an unprecedented colloidal photocatalyzed, one-pot redox reaction a few-layers bismuth hybrid of “electronic grade” structural quality. Intriguingly, the material presents a sulfur-alkyl-functionalized reconstructed surface that prevents it from oxidation and leads to a tuned electronic structure that results from the altered arrangement of the surface. The metallic behavior of the hybrid is supported by ab initio predictions and room temperature transport measurements of individual nanoflakes. Our findings indicate how surface reconstructions in two-dimensional (2D) systems can promote unexpected properties that can pave the way to new functionalities and devices. Moreover, this scalable synthetic process opens new avenues for applications in plasmonics or electronic (and spintronic) device fabrication. Beyond electronics, this 2D hybrid material may be of interest in organic catalysis, biomedicine, or energy storage and conversion.
Analytic and Asymptotic Analysis of

In this paper, we present a closed-form expression of a Bayesian Cramlower bound for the estimation of a dynamical phase offset in a non-data-aided BPSK transmitting context. This kind of bound is derived considering two different scenarios: a first expression is obtained in an off-line context and then, a second expression in an on-line context logically follows. The SNR-asymptotic expressions of this bound drive us to introduce a new asymptotic bound, namely the Asymptotic Bayesian Cram´ er-Rao Bound. This bound is close to the classical Bayesian bound but is easier to evaluate.
Narrative identity does not predict well-being when controlling for emotional valence

ABSTRACT Narrative identity refers to a person’s internalized and evolving life story. It is a rapidly growing research field, motivated by studies showing a unique association with well-being. Here we show that this association disappears when controlling for the emotional valence of the stories told and individuals’ general experience of autobiographical memory. Participants (N = 235) wrote their life story and completed questionnaires on their general experience of autobiographical memory and several dimensions of well-being and affect. Participants’ life stories were coded for standard narrative identity variables, including agency and communion. When controlling for emotional valence of the life story, the general experience of autobiographical memory was a significant predictor of most well-being measures, whereas agency was a predictor of one variable only and communion of none. These findings contradict the claim of an incremental association between narrative identity and well-being, and have important theoretical and practical implications for narrative identity as an outcome measure in interventions.
Effective Modalities of Periodontitis Induction in Rat Model

Induction of periodontal disease using the rat model is the preferred model for human periodontal disease studies that are related to gene expression, mechanisms of inflammatory regulation, microbial and host responses, resolution, and the healing process. There are 3 methods that are frequently used to induce periodontal disease, which are: ligature application, oral bacterial inoculation, and the lipopolysaccharide injection technique. In the ligature model, sterile non-absorbable sutures or orthodontic wires are widely used to induce local irritation and bacterial plaque accumulation. Secondly, mono and mixed cultures of periodontal bacteria are inoculated orally by gavage or topical application. Lastly, lipopolysaccharide extracted from pathogenic bacteria can be directly injected into the gingival sulcus to induce inflammation and stimulate osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone loss. Among these methods, ligature application induces inflammation and alveolar bone resorption more promptly compared to other methods. This review will provide an overview of the main induction methods in experimental periodontal disease, with their advantages and disadvantages.
Effect of Sway Frequency on the Joint Angle and Center of Pressure in Voluntary Sway

Abstract Voluntary sway is the periodic movement of one’s body back and forth. The study aimed to clarify the effects of sway frequency on center of pressure and joint angle during voluntary sway. We measured 10 unrestricted voluntary sway conditions with different frequencies and natural pace conditions. The frequencies ranged from 0.1 to 1 Hz in 0.1-Hz increments. The joint angles and centers of pressure during voluntary sway were compared between the conditions. The joint angle amplitude of the trunk and knee were greater in the slow frequency condition than in the fast frequency condition. The trunk and knee joint angles during voluntary sway were considered to change according to the sway frequency.
A Diagnostic Dataset for Sentiment and Negation Modeling for Norwegian

Negation constitutes a challenging phenomenon for many natural language processing tasks, such as sentiment analysis (SA). In this paper we investigate the relationship between negation and sentiment in the context of Norwegian professional reviews. The first part of this paper includes a corpus study which investigates how negation is tied to sentiment in this domain, based on existing annotations. In the second part, we introduce NoReC-NegSynt, a synthetically augmented test set for negation and sentiment, to allow for a more detailed analysis of the role of negation in current neural SA models. This diagnostic test set, containing both clausal and non-clausal negation, allows for analyzing and comparing models’ abilities to treat several different types of negation. We also present a case-study, applying several neural SA models to the diagnostic data.
The DA-ELEXIS Corpus - a Sense-Annotated Corpus for Danish with Parallel Annotations for Nine European Languages

In this paper, we present the newly compiled DA-ELEXIS Corpus, which is one of the largest sense-annotated corpora available for Danish, and the first one to be annotated with the Danish wordnet, DanNet. The corpus is part of a European initiative, the ELEXIS project, and has corresponding parallel annotations in nine other European languages. As such it functions as a cross-lingual evaluative benchmark for a series of low and medium resourced European language. We focus here on the Danish annotation process, i.e. on the annotation scheme including annotation guidelines and a primary sense inventory constituted by DanNet as well as the fall-back sense inventory namely The Danish Dictionary (DDO). We analyse and discuss issues such as out of vocabulary (OOV) problems, problems with sense granularity and missing senses (in particular for verbs), and how to semantically tag multiword expressions (MWE), which prove to occur very frequently in the Danish corpus. Finally, we calculate the inter-annotator agreement (IAA) and show how IAA has improved during the annotation process. The openly available corpus contains 32,524 tokens of which sense annotations are given for all content words, amounting to 7,322 nouns, 3,099 verbs, 2,626 adjectives, and 1,677 adverbs.
Alienation and Activism

Does alienation draw individuals toward social movements? Midcentury sociologists argued this to be the case, but scholars from the 1970s onward broke from this consensus. The evidentiary basis for this turn was sparse, however, with research seldom measuring different forms of alienation or addressing stages before mobilization. The current study uses four-wave panel data from the National Study of Youth and Religion (2003–13) to examine how alienation and social relationships during the transition from adolescence into young adulthood predict eventual social movement participation. The analysis finds that, while powerlessness dissuades individuals from movements, alienation in the forms of meaninglessness and social isolation is a strong predictor of participation in movements across the political spectrum (Occupy Wall Street and Tea Party Movement). Group involvement is not found to distinguish participants until stages proximal to mobilization. The study underscores the importance of early life socialization for understanding who protests.
Obstructed free-surface viscoplastic flow on an inclined plane

Abstract The interaction of steady free-surface flows of viscoplastic material with a surface-piercing obstruction of square cross-section on an inclined plane is investigated theoretically. The flow thickness increases upstream of the obstruction and decreases in its lee. The flow depends on two dimensionless parameters: an aspect ratio that relates the flow thickness, the obstruction width and the plane inclination; and a Bingham number that quantifies the magnitude of the yield stress relative to the gravitationally induced stresses. Flows with a non-vanishing yield stress always form a static ‘dead’ zone in a neighbourhood of the upstream and downstream stagnation points. For relatively wide obstructions, a deep ‘ponded’ region develops upstream with a small dead zone, while the deflected flow reconnects over relatively long distances downstream. The depth of the upstream pond increases with both the dimensionless yield stress and width of the obstruction, while the unyielded dead zone varies primarily with the yield stress. Both are predicted asymptotically by balancing the volume flux of fluid into and out of the ponded region. When the obstruction is narrow, the perturbation to the depth of the oncoming flow is reduced. It exhibits fore–aft antisymmetry, while the dead zone is symmetric to leading order. Increasing the yield stress leads to larger dead zones that eventually encompass all of the upstream- and downstream-facing boundaries of the obstruction and fully divert the flow. Results for obstructions with circular and rhomboidal cross-sections are also presented and illustrate the effects of boundary shape on the properties of the steady flow.
Adaptive Streaming of Visual Volumetric Video-based Coding Media

High-quality 3D point clouds have recently emerged as an advanced representation of immersive media, enabling new forms of interaction in virtual environments and augmented reality applications. A point cloud consists of a set of points represented in the 3D space using coordinates indicating the location of each point along with one or more attributes, such as the color associated with each point, transparency, time of acquisition, reflectance, or material property. This demo paper presents an adaptive streaming system for visual volumetric video-based coding (V3C) content running on NReal Light AR glasses. The streaming system includes real-time HEVC decoding, DASH streaming, composition on to a scene, and view-dependent rendering. The presented system is implemented based on the latest V3C coding and carriage technologies developed by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) and DASH-based adaptive streaming techniques to provide the immersive experience while reducing the overall transmission bandwidth.
Riming Electrification as a Charge Generation Mechanism in Thunderstorms

Abstract Riming electrification was studied in cold room experiments simulating thunderstorm conditions. When both ice crystals and supercooled droplets coexist in the experimental chamber, high electric charge occurs on the riming probes. Both the sign and magnitude of riming electrification are highly dependent on the temperature and cloud water content. Electric charge of the order of 10−4 esu (33 fC) is separated on riming with each ice crystal collision under conditions typical of the in-cloud environment of continental thunderstorms. This amount of charge is sufficient to produce the high electrification required for lightning discharge within reasonably short periods of time. The effect of the electrical field on charge separation during the riming and effect of the freezing potential of drops of rime also were examined. It appears that these effects play only a secondary role for charge separation in thunderstorms. Three different physical mechanisms of charge separation during riming are proposed.
Prolegomena to an Evolutionary Theory of Development Banking for a Sustainable Future

Abstract This article argues that an evolutionary theory of development banking should focus on its double role as provider of long-term financing for sustainable development and vehicle of institutional change. In this sense, Commons’ “reasonable value” theory provides a comprehensive approach to the lender-borrower relationship which takes into account public purpose. Besides, his view of reform in the presence of limiting factors renders the institutional connotation of development banks’ lending more explicit. Furthermore, Veblen’s theory of institutional change in the interaction between technological change, institutions, and habits of thought sheds light on the role of public development banks in institutional development and change with social and ecological concerns. Hence, an evolutionary theory of development banking transcends mainstream allegations of inefficiency and integrates economic development with social and ecological sustainability.
On the coherent drag-reducing and turbulence-enhancing behaviour of polymers in wall flows

Numerical simulations of turbulent polymer solutions using the FENE-P model are used to characterize the action of polymers on turbulence in drag-reduced flows. The energetics of turbulence is investigated by correlating the work done by polymers on the flow with turbulent structures. Polymers are found to store and to release energy to the flow in a well-organized manner. The storage of energy occurs around near-wall vortices as has been anticipated for a long time. Quite unexpectedly, coherent release of energy is observed in the very near-wall region. Large fluctuations of polymer work are shown to re-energize decaying streamwise velocity fluctuations in high-speed streaks just above the viscous sublayer. These distinct behaviours are used to propose an autonomous regeneration cycle of polymer wall turbulence, in the spirit of Jiménez & Pinelli (1999).
Adolescent gulls have the opportunity for social development at breeding colonies

Most seabirds delay reproduction for multiple years. The long-standing ecological hypothesis is that seabirds delay reproduction until they pass a foraging efficiency threshold. This foraging development hypothesis is puzzling for seabirds with progressive delayed plumage maturation, such as American Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus smithsonianus). Young American Herring Gulls pass through a distinct series of predefinitive plumages in their early years, suggesting a process of adolescence rather than a binary switch between energetic immaturity and maturity. Drawing on facts from both colonial seabirds and tropical lekking birds, I propose an additional life history hypothesis: young gulls undergo a phase of social development—rather than foraging development alone—during which time predefinitive plumages function as signals that reduce the costs of social engagement at breeding colonies. I tested one facet of the hypothesis: predefinitive gulls have an opportunity for social development at colonies before breeding. A unique prediction is that predefinitive gulls are common at breeding colonies, socially engaged, and not breeding. I conducted counts, quantitative tests of territoriality and conflict, and qualitative behavioral observations of American Herring Gulls at two northwest Atlantic breeding colonies in the summer of 2022. Results supported all three prediction criteria. Birds in an advanced predefinitive plumage stage were common at colonies (2.0-5.8% of census) even while birds in earlier plumage stages were nearly absent (generally <1% of census). These predefinitive birds were socially engaged while loafing on—and losing fights in—foreign territories. Yet only one out of hundreds of predefinitive birds held a territory or nest. This phenomenon suggests the social conditions of breeding colonies can set the stage for social development that, in turn, sets the stage for life history and plumage evolution.
The Evidence of Cough Contagion in Human Beings

There is the evidence for cough contagion in human beings caused by empathy rather than physiology.Due to limited study on cough contagion,researchers have doubted whether cough was contagious from emtional contagion like yawn contagion.To deal with the doubts,we observed coughs from 34 adults in Ocean University of China in real time and recorded individual ‘s gender and local time.Then we developed a mathematical model to divide the cough process into several bouts and set a threshold for contagion to construct a response graph.With the graph,we first saw a strong effect of contagion for around 30 seconds no matter how long the bin(< 30s) was.Afterwards with mutiple measures,we extracted seven features(e.g.,duration) to describe the transmission chain and then found that there ‘s no time difference in cough contagion.Moreover,we also discovered tthe gender difference that males were more likely to be induced by triggers.Thus,cough contagion seems to be a normal phenomenon in human beings providing support to the experimental studies of empathy theory.
Similarity index of ex-Gaussian reaction time signatures

In psychology and cognitive neuroscience, reaction time (RT) series and their ex-Gaussian distributions are commonly used to explore the time course of cognitive processes. This study investigated the hypothesis that successive triads of ex-Gaussian mu, sigma, and tau parameters of reaction-time variability across time can be used to construct a geometrical object we termed ex-Gaussian RT-signature, which could help characterize interindividual differences between congruent and incongruent stimuli. To test this hypothesis, we calculated the similarity index of these geometrical objects in young adult participants without detectable neurological disorders. Our findings show that each participant displayed distinct ex-Gaussian RT-signatures in a Cartesian 3D plot, thus exhibiting distinct psychophysical fingerprints. Furthermore, our results revealed that the ex-Gaussian RT-signatures for incongruent stimuli demonstrated a significantly higher similarity index across participants than congruent stimuli (p<0.001; Cohen d=0.4). We suggest that visualizing this psychophysical signature could serve as a valuable tool in characterizing differences in cognitive functioning between individuals, thus providing insights into the development of personalized medicine.
An Open-Source Tool for Automated Human-Level Circling Behavior Detection

Quantifying behavior and relating it to underlying biological states is of paramount importance in many life science fields. Although barriers to recording postural data have been reduced by progress in deep-learning-based computer vision tools for keypoint tracking, extracting specific behaviors from this data remains challenging. Manual behavior coding, the present gold standard, is labor-intensive and subject to intra-and inter-observer variability. Automatic methods are stymied by the difficulty of explicitly defining complex behaviors, even ones which appear obvious to the human eye. Here, we demonstrate an effective technique for detecting one such behavior, a form of locomotion characterized by stereotyped spinning, termed ’circling’. Though circling has an extensive history as a behavioral marker, at present there exists no standard automated detection method. Accordingly, we developed a technique to identify instances of the behavior by applying simple postprocessing to markerless keypoint data from videos of freely-exploring (Cib2-/-;Cib3-/-) mutant mice, a strain we previously found to exhibit circling. Our technique agrees with human consensus at the same level as do individual observers, and it achieves >90% accuracy in discriminating videos of wild type mice from videos of mutants. As using this technique requires no experience writing or modifying code, it also provides a convenient, noninvasive, quantitative tool for analyzing circling mouse models. Additionally, as our approach was agnostic to the underlying behavior, these results support the feasibility of algorithmically detecting specific, research-relevant behaviors using readily-interpretable parameters tuned on the basis of human consensus.