Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of preparatory patient education for radiation oncology patients

Sixty cancer patients undergoing their first course of radiotherapy were assigned to one of two patient education conditions as they entered treatment: patients in the high‐information condition were shown an audiovisual program, presenting procedural and sensory information about radiotherapy; patients in the low‐information condition received standard care without exposure to the patient education program. On the basis of psychologic testing, patients were also classified on “vigilant—avoidant” and “repression—sensitization” coping style dimensions. Outcome variables, assessed during the first and last weeks of treatment (T1 and T2, respectively) included ratings of treatment‐related knowledge, state anxiety, and total mood disturbance. Preparatory patient education produced positive results regardless of coping style. Patients in the high‐information condition showed significantly greater treatment‐related knowledge (at T1) and less emotional distrss (at T2). There was no significant main effect for coping style, nor was there an interaction effect (coping style by intervention condition). Results are discussed in terms of the manifest need for preparatory information in radiation therapy settings, the role of coping style factors, and the clinical utility of patient education interventions.
HISTOMONAS WENRICHI N. SP. (MASTIGOPHORA: MASTIGAMOEBIDAE), A NONPATHOGENIC PARASITE OF GALLINACEOUS BIRDS.

SYNOPSIS. A nonpathogenic histomonad, morphologically identical to that found in pheasants by Wenrich in 1943, is described as Histomonas wenrichi n. sp. Its dimensions are about 1.5 × those of H. meleagridis. It has 4 flagella instead of the 1 or 2 that characterize the latter species. It does not multiply in the host tissues nor produce visible responses to its presence there, and it does not exist as the clear “tissue form” that is common in active H. meleagridis infections. Histomonas wenrichi n. sp. can be transmitted to turkeys, chickens, and pheasants by either rectal inoculation or by feeding embryonated eggs of Heterakis gallinarum grown in birds harboring the nonpathogenic histomonad in the ceca. Usually fewer than half the female heterakids so grown produce eggs capable of transmitting this histomonad, and a total of 200 to several thousand eggs from worms recovered from Histomonas-infected birds may be required to produce one Histomonas infection. Histomonas wenrichi n. sp. has been propagated in more than 2000 chickens and turkeys over an 8-year period, during which time it has been transmitted by 18 generations of Heterakis. It has frequently been grown in birds in which H. meleagridis was also present, and upon reisolation it maintained all of its original characteristics. It has not yet been cultivated in vitro.
Evidence that the Thy‐1 molecule is the target for T cell mitogenic antibody against brain‐associated antigens

Rabbit anti‐mouse brain (RaMBr) antiserum can induce Lyt‐1+, Lyt‐2−, T cells to proliferate and stimulates the same T cell subset to induce B cell proliferation. The aim of this report is to demonstrate that the mitogenic determinant recognized on the T cell surface by RaMBr antiserum is located on the Thy‐1 molecule expressing the products of the Thy‐1a and Thy‐1b alleles. Evidence is drawn from serological and genetic experiments. The brain T cell cross‐reactive, mitogenic determinant is not expressed on Thy‐1− mutants of the BW5147 T cell lymphoma that fail to express the Thy‐1 molecule but do express other T cell surface proteins such as T‐200 and gp 69, 71. Monoclonal anti‐Thy‐1.1 and anti‐Thy‐1.2 antibodies block the binding to the appropriate T cells of the majority of the serum antibody from RaMBr antiserum. The absorption of mitogenic antibody was blocked in a similar fashion, thus demonstrating the close association of the determinant and the Thy‐1 antigen defined by monoclonal alloantibodies. The mitogenic and Thy‐1.1 determinants are probably located on the same molecule because of the data obtained with the BW5147 Thy‐1− mutants and the observation that Thy‐1a T cells, which express a lower level of surface Thy‐1 than Thy‐1b T cells, also express lower levels of the determinant recognized by RaMBr antiserum. Furthermore, in (AKR × DBA/2)F1 mice (Thy‐1a/b) which express less Thy‐1.1 antigen than Thy‐1.2 at the surface, the mitogenic determinant was found to be prefentially associated with Thy‐1.2. The coordinated genetic control of the surface levels of the Thy‐1 determinant and the mitogenic determinant suggests that both determinants are situated on the same molecule in the T cell membrane.
Short daily haemodialysis: survival in 415 patients treated for 1006 patient-years.

BACKGROUND Survival statistics for daily haemodialysis are lacking as most centres providing this have treated only a small number of patients for short observation times. We pooled our 23-year, 1006-patient-year, five-centre experience of 415 patients treated by short daily haemodialysis. METHODS One hundred and fifty patients were treated in-centre, most because of medical complications and 265 by home or self-care haemodialysis. Patients were on daily haemodialysis for 29 +/- 31 (0-272) months. Forty-two percent had primary and 31% had secondary renal failure. Treatment time was 136 +/- 35 min, frequency 5.8 +/- 0.5 times/week and weekly stdKt/V 2.7 +/- 0.55. RESULTS Eighty-five patients (20%) died; 5-year cumulative survival was 68 +/- 4.1% and 10-year survival was 42 +/- 9%. Age, secondary renal failure and in-centre dialysis were associated with mortality, while gender, frequency of dialysis (5, 6 or 7 per week), continent, country and blood access were not. Survival was compared with matched patients from the USRDS 2005 Data Report using the standardized mortality ratio and cumulative survival curves. Both comparisons showed that the survival of the daily haemodialysis patients was 2-3 times higher and the predicted 50% survival time 2.3-10.9 years longer than that of the matched US haemodialysis patients. Survival of patients dialyzing daily at home was similar to that of age-matched recipients of deceased donor renal transplants. CONCLUSIONS Survival of patients on short daily haemodialysis was 2-3 times better than that of matched three times weekly haemodialysis patients reported by the USRDS.
Debugging Program Loops Using Approximate Modeling

Developing model-based automatic debugging strategies has been an active research area for several years. We analyze shortcomings of previous modeling approaches when dealing with object-oriented languages and present a revised modeling approach. We employ Abstract Interpretation, a technique borrowed from program analysis, to improve the debugging of programs including loops, recursive procedures, and heap data structures. Together with heuristic model refinement, our approach delivers superior results than the previous models. The principle of our approach is demonstrated on a running example.
The influence of network quality fluctuations on Web QoE

Although web applications are well known for performance variations during a session, the impact of network quality fluctuations on user-perceived quality has been neglected so far in QoE research. In this paper, we present the results of two subjective lab experiments which investigated the influence of outages, throughput alternations and increasing/decreasing throughput on Web QoE. We found that interactive applications like Google Maps are heavily impaired by outages, whereas less interactive scenarios like browsing a News Site are more tolerant. Surprisingly, the alternation frequency had no significant effect on subjective quality evaluation. Our results represent a first step towards reliable assessment and modeling of the impact of quality fluctuations on Web QoE.
Relationships among Acculturation, Sociodemographic Characteristics and Social Supports in Mexican American Adults

The relationship of acculturation and sociodemographic characteristics to social supports was studied in a representative sample of adult Mexican Americans. The relationship between network characteristics and personal distress was also examined for subgroups who had varied in acculturation. Mexican American adults (N=259) living in one of three suburban communities in Southern California were selected by way of a multistage, random-digit telephone sampling method. Respondents named those persons on whom they depended when personal problems arose, and provided responses to a standardized measure of psychological distress. More acculturated (English-speaking and later-generation) Mexican Americans reported larger support networks, more contact with network members, more reciprocal helping, and more often cited primary kin, friends, and neighbors as support providers than did less acculturated (Spanish-speaking-only and earlier-generation) Mexican Americans. Variations in sociodemography primarily accounted for the observed differences in social supports across the acculturated subgroups. Increased number of friends and neighbors in networks was accompanied by more personal distress in only the Spanish-speaking subgroup. Results are discussed in relation to findings of previous studies investigating social supports among Mexican Americans.
Short-term traffic predictions on large urban traffic networks: Applications of network-based machine learning models and dynamic traffic assignment models

The paper discusses the issues to face in applications of short-term traffic predictions on urban road networks and the opportunities provided by explicit and implicit models. Different specifications of Bayesian Networks and Artificial Neural Networks are applied for prediction of road link speed and are tested on a large floating car data set. Moreover, two traffic assignment models of different complexity are applied on a sub-area of the road network of Rome and validated on the same floating car data set.
Security Analysis of wrNAF and SPA Resistant Scalar Multiplication

Signed digit radix-r representation (such as omegarNAF) is used for the efficient implementation of the pairing based cryptosystems. The side channel attack, which uses the leaked information such as power consumption and timing information from a cryptographic device, is a serious threat to the implementations of a cryptosystem. In this paper, we utilize the simple power analysis technique to analyze the security of the scalar multiplication using omegarNAF representation and we can see that the omegarNAF is not a SPA resistant receding. In order to resist against SPA, we present two integer recodings (right-to-left and left-to-right) using two special digit sets respectively. The two recodings can be used to perform the scalar multiplication with a fixed sequence of operations without inserting dummy operations. Compared to Han's fixed pattern scheme, the proposed schemes can reduce about 16.7% to 37.5% table sizes (the number of precomputed and needed to be stored points) for r = 3, 5 and w = 2, 3,4, 5.
The Effects of Hsp90α1 Mutations on Myosin Thick Filament Organization

Heat shock protein 90α plays a key role in myosin folding and thick filament assembly in muscle cells. To assess the structure and function of Hsp90α and its potential regulation by post-translational modification, we developed a combined knockdown and rescue assay in zebrafish embryos to systematically analyze the effects of various mutations on Hsp90α function in myosin thick filament organization. DNA constructs expressing the Hsp90α1 mutants with altered putative ATP binding, phosphorylation, acetylation or methylation sites were co-injected with Hsp90α1 specific morpholino into zebrafish embryos. Myosin thick filament organization was analyzed in skeletal muscles of the injected embryos by immunostaining. The results showed that mutating the conserved D90 residue in the Hsp90α1 ATP binding domain abolished its function in thick filament organization. In addition, phosphorylation mimicking mutations of T33D, T33E and T87E compromised Hsp90α1 function in myosin thick filament organization. Similarly, K287Q acetylation mimicking mutation repressed Hsp90α1 function in myosin thick filament organization. In contrast, K206R and K608R hypomethylation mimicking mutations had not effect on Hsp90α1 function in thick filament organization. Given that T33 and T87 are highly conserved residues involved post-translational modification (PTM) in yeast, mouse and human Hsp90 proteins, data from this study could indicate that Hsp90α1 function in myosin thick filament organization is potentially regulated by PTMs involving phosphorylation and acetylation.
An efficient compression scheme for data communication which uses a new family of self‐organizing binary search trees

In this paper, we demonstrate that we can effectively use the results from the field of adaptive self‐organizing data structures in enhancing compression schemes. Unlike adaptive lists, which have already been used in compression, to the best of our knowledge, adaptive self‐organizing trees have not been used in this regard. To achieve this, we introduce a new data structure, the partitioning binary search tree (PBST) which, although based on the well‐known binary search tree (BST), also appropriately partitions the data elements into mutually exclusive sets. When used in conjunction with Fano encoding, the PBST leads to the so‐called Fano binary search tree (FBST), which, indeed, incorporates the required Fano coding (nearly equal probability) property into the BST. We demonstrate how both the PBST and the FBST can be maintained adaptively and in a self‐organizing manner. The updating procedure that converts a PBST into an FBST, and the corresponding new tree‐based operators, namely the shift‐to‐left and the shift‐to‐right operators, are explicitly presented. The encoding and decoding procedures that also update the FBST have been implemented and rigorously tested. Our empirical results on the files of the well‐known benchmarks, the Calgary and Canterbury Corpora, show that the adaptive Fano coding using FBSTs, the Huffman, and the greedy adaptive Fano coding achieve similar compression ratios. However, in terms of encoding/decoding speed, the new scheme is much faster than the latter two in the encoding phase, and they achieve approximately the same speed in the decoding phase. We believe that the same philosophy, namely that of using an adaptive self‐organizing BST to maintain the frequencies, can also be utilized for other data encoding mechanisms, even as the Fenwick scheme has been used in arithmetic coding. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p16 in Alzheimer's disease

RECENT evidence indicates that an impairment of neuronal adaptive and reparative processes might be a key feature of the pathomechanism of Alzheimer's disease. Aberrations in the reparative neuronal response are likely to result from alterations of intracellular signal transduction cascades. As a consequence of abnormal intracellular signalling, the activation of those molecular events might be triggered in neurones which, in dividing cells, would lead to cellular transformation. In the present study, changes in the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16, a regulator of the orderly progression through the cell cycle, were investigated by immunocytochemical methods in the temporal cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Both neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic components of plaques showed strong p16 immunoreactivity. These findings support the hypothesis that an aborted attempt of terminally differentiated neurones to re-enter the cell cycle might be a critical event in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease.
Carbon partitioning in Arabidopsis thaliana is a dynamic process controlled by the plants metabolic status and its circadian clock

Abstract Plant growth involves the coordinated distribution of carbon resources both towards structural components and towards storage compounds that assure a steady carbon supply over the complete diurnal cycle. We used 14CO2 labelling to track assimilated carbon in both source and sink tissues. Source tissues exhibit large variations in carbon allocation throughout the light period. The most prominent change was detected in partitioning towards starch, being low in the morning and more than double later in the day. Export into sink tissues showed reciprocal changes. Fewer and smaller changes in carbon allocation occurred in sink tissues where, in most respects, carbon was partitioned similarly, whether the sink leaf assimilated it through photosynthesis or imported it from source leaves. Mutants deficient in the production or remobilization of leaf starch exhibited major alterations in carbon allocation. Low-starch mutants that suffer from carbon starvation at night allocated much more carbon into neutral sugars and had higher rates of export than the wild type, partly because of the reduced allocation into starch, but also because of reduced allocation into structural components. Moreover, mutants deficient in the plant’s circadian system showed considerable changes in their carbon partitioning pattern suggesting control by the circadian clock. This work focusses on the temporal changes in the allocation and transport of photoassimilates within Arabidopsis rosettes, helping to fill a gap in our understanding of plant growth. Using short pulses of 14C-labelled carbon dioxide, we quantified how much carbon is used for growth and how much is stored as starch for use at night. In source leaves, partitioning is surprisingly dynamic during the day, even though photosynthesis is relatively constant, while in sink leaves, utilisation is more constant. Furthermore, by analysing metabolic mutants and clock mutants, and by manipulating the growth conditions, we show that partitioning is responsive to endogenous signals such as carbon starvation and the plant’s circadian rhythm. Commentary: Understanding carbon partitioning and its role in determining plant growth
Construction of consumer choice in the market: challenges for environmental policy

Drawing from the literature on the analytics of government, the paper discusses marketing as a form of government, elaborating and illustrating the many ways in which consumer choice is shaped, modified and directed in the market through practices and techniques of consumer marketing. The aim is to critically reflect upon and render problematic the individualistic ideas of the green consumer as a powerful market force and to provoke discussion on the conceptualization – and construction – of consumer subjectivity and social problems in marketing. Taking examples particularly from the fashion and clothing industry, the paper discusses the ways in which marketing activities come to shape consumer conduct by operating through the choice of individuals who freely pursue their needs and desires, and by working on the environment within which this freedom of choice is exercised. The paper contributes to the literature on green consumerism by systematically interrogating and elaborating on the modes and practices of marketing thought and expertise through which consumers and consumption are rendered intelligible and actionable in the market.
Pleistocene survival on central Alpine nunataks: genetic evidence from the jumping bristletail Machilis pallida

Mechanisms of survival during the Pleistocene glaciation periods have been studied for more than a century. Until now, molecular studies that confirmed animal survival on Alpine nunataks, that is, ice‐free summits surrounded by glaciers, were restricted to peripheral areas. Here, we search for molecular signatures of inner‐Alpine survival of the narrow endemic and putatively parthenogenetic Alpine jumping bristletail Machilis pallida combining mitochondrial and AFLP data from its three known populations. The mitochondrial data indicate survival on both peripheral and central nunataks, the latter suggesting that refugia in the centre of the Alpine main ridge were more widespread than previously recognized. Incongruences between mitochondrial and AFLP patterns suggest a complex evolutionary history of the species and may be explained via parallel fixation of parthenogenesis of different origins during the last glacial maximum. We suggest that the inferred parthenogenesis may have been essential for central nunatak survival, but may pose a serious threat for M. pallida in consideration of the present climatic changes.
Beatriz R. Lavandera, Curso de lingüística para el análisis del discurso . Buenos Aires: Centro Editor de América Latina, 1985. Pp. 163.

This book may interest at least three kinds of readers of this journal: (i) linguists who may be looking for an up-to-date introduction to contemporary linguistics for Spanish-speaking students at U.S. universities; (ii) professional sociolinguists in the United States or Europe; (iii) Latin American students in Latin American universities. This review will therefore be presented from these three points of view. As a Potential Textbook in Contemporary Linguistics. In 1983 (we are told in the Preface), the author gave a course in Buenos Aires for advanced students in language-related disciplines who needed background on different linguistic schools or models that contributed to the development of discourse analysis. The lectures were taped, and this book is a slightly edited transcription of the tapes, with the addition of a bibliography which had been the reading list for the course. The author warns the student that the readings are essential for a full understanding of the book. Knowledge of these circumstances is important for the reader who might expect a more conventional text on discourse analysis or on contemporary linguistics as it bears on the problems of discourse analysis. The author herself says that her course could have been called "Introduction a la lingulstica contempordnea: aplicacion al andlisis del texto" (15). But I want to emphasize again that this is not a regular textbook. What we find, instead, is a very lively discussion in 155 pages of many important works on many discourse-related topics, such as the ethnography of speaking and its background (Ch. 1); discourse analysis as practiced by van Dijk and by Petofi (Ch. 2) as well as by Halliday (as in Halliday [1978]; Halliday & Hasan [1976]) and Labov (as in Labov & Fanshel [1977]; Labov & Waletzky [1967]) (Chs. 2 & 8); speech act theory (Grice and Searle) (Ch. 5); pragmatics and the problem of establishing a borderline between pragmatics and semantics (Ch. 6); ethnomethodology and conversational analysis (Ch. 9); verbal and nonverbal interaction as studied, for example, by Goffman (116, 118). What I have just mentioned may give the impression that each chapter deals neatly with each topic, but such is not the case. The author, or let us say, the teacher (since Lavandera was trying to reach her students orally and she knew what the gaps in their knowledge were or could be) has to address questions of varying sorts. We find, for instance, very brief summaries of certain specialized topics (e.g., Bresnan's criticisms of Chomsky) as well as remarks which may seem obvious or distracting or out of place to some of the scholars who are readers of this journal, such as "Labov studied with Weinreich" or "Chomsky studied with Harris. " This is still useful information, however, to someone who has not been trained in the United States.