Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Concept for Evaluation of Long-Term Medication Effects on Gait Parameters

To have no side effects of medication is essential for the acceptance by the patient. Therefore the evaluation of possible side-effects of medication is an important part in drug development or after launch evaluations. But also on the primary effect, especially in pain killers, must be focused. Most of the methods are invasive or painful, like the CO2-Inflation into to nose to measure the cortex activity after pain killer application. A common side effect of drugs, especially pain killers, is the negative alteration of the gait in patients due to inconstancy or even falls due to side effects. Therefore the evaluation of the effects of drugs on gait parameters is of importance. Different drug application, e.g. neuropathic pain killers, opioids or Cox-2-inhibitors, may have different effects on the gait parameters. The new concept consists of noninvasive parameters which could be accomplished in different environments and with low side costs. The gait of the person to be evaluated is monitored by the system. The gait analysis consists of a walkway or treadmill in order to measure the velocity of gait. The other parameters are conducted by EMG of different leg muscles and a pressure distribution measurement. The present pilot study evaluates for the first time the long-term effect of a Cox-2 Inhibitor (Celecoxib 200mg, once a day) on the gait parameters during 4 weeks of application. The patients suffered from pain during walking or standing in one hip unilaterally. The gait velocity increased by 0.66km/h (SD 0,52) or 25.4% from baseline to the 4 weeks measurement. Effects on the EMG patters and the pressure distribution were seen in the pilot study, but numbers of patients were too few for a real statistically relevant effect. The new concept shows that the less cost effective parameter of gait velocity is a good parameter to show effects on gait. But the further parameters of pressure distribution and EMG may show in larger numbers of investigated patients more difficile effects of brain affecting drugs.
CHANDRA PHASE-RESOLVED X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY OF THE CRAB PULSAR

We present a new study of the X-ray spectral properties of the Crab Pulsar. The superb angular resolution of the Chandra X-Ray Observatory enables distinguishing the pulsar from the surrounding nebulosity. Analysis of the spectrum as a function of pulse phase allows the least-biased measure of interstellar X-ray extinction due primarily to photoelectric absorption and secondarily to scattering by dust grains in the direction of the Crab Nebula. We modify previous findings that the line of sight to the Crab is underabundant in oxygen and provide measurements with improved accuracy and less bias. Using the abundances and cross sections from Wilms et al. we find [O/H] = (5.28 ± 0.28) × 10−4 (4.9 × 10−4 is solar abundance). We also measure for the first time the impact of scattering of flux out of the image by interstellar grains. We find τscat = 0.147 ± 0.043. Analysis of the spectrum as a function of pulse phase also measures the X-ray spectral index even at pulse minimum—albeit with increasing statistical uncertainty. The spectral variations are, by and large, consistent with a sinusoidal variation. The only significant variation from the sinusoid occurs over the same phase range as some rather abrupt behavior in the optical polarization magnitude and position angle. We also compare these spectral variations to those observed in gamma-rays and conclude that our measurements are both a challenge and a guide to future modeling and will thus eventually help us understand pair cascade processes in pulsar magnetospheres. The data are also used to set new, and less biased, upper limits to the surface temperature of the neutron star for different models of the neutron star atmosphere. We discuss how such data are best connected to theoretical models of neutron star cooling and neutron star interiors. The data restrict the neutrino emission rate in the pulsar core and the amount of light elements in the heat-blanketing envelope. The observations allow the pulsar, irrespective of the composition of its envelope, to have a neutrino emission rate higher than ∼0.2 of the standard rate of a non-superfluid star cooling via the modified Urca process. The observations also allow the rate to be lower but now with a limited amount of accreted matter in the envelope.
Improving learning objects recommendation processes by using domain description models

Learning Objects (LOs) are widely used for teaching because these can be reused in alternative contexts to supportspecific learning goals. One of the most important challenges in this area is to provide accurate LOs recommendation tosimplify LOs search, description, composition, articulation and reuse. The current problem confronted by teachers in aneducational area is the large effort required to compose educational material based on LOs. Usually, LOs descriptionsare incomplete, inaccurate and/or contain unreliable information. This article presents an approach to improve the LOsrecommendation process based on a domain model (ontology) and a categorization method, reducing the effort requiredto find, reuse and compose LOs. The proposed approach was validated through a case study which allow to us the evaluationof the quality and effort of a posterior object composition process. This study was applied into the History and Geographydomain and compared our approach with an Ad-Hoc approach. Our results indicate that by using our approach teacherscomposed classes using the LOs recommended with a similar quality that using the Ad-Hoc approach, but with less effort inthe process.
Quantitative multiplex real-time PCR for detecting class 1, 2 and 3 integrons.

OBJECTIVES Integrons are bacterial genetic elements that can capture and express genes contained in mobile cassettes. Integrons have been described worldwide in Gram-negative bacteria and are a marker of antibiotic resistance. We developed a specific and sensitive Taqman probe-based real-time PCR method with three different primer-probe pairs for simultaneous detection of the three main classes of integron. METHODS Sensitivity was assessed by testing mixtures of the three targets (intI integrase genes of each integron class) ranging from 10 to 10(8) copies. Specificity was determined with a panel of integron-containing and integron-free control strains. The method was then applied to clinical samples. RESULTS The PCR method was specific and had a sensitivity of 10(2) copies for all three genes, regardless of their respective quantities. The method was quantitative from 10(3) to 10(7) copies, and was able to detect integrons directly in biological samples. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a rapid, quantitative, specific and sensitive method that could prove useful for initial screening of Gram-negative isolates, or clinical samples, for likely multidrug resistance.
Achieving Mixed Income Communities through Infill? The Effect of Infill Housing on Neighborhood Income Diversity

ABSTRACT: This study analyzes whether residential infill development promotes mixed income communities in the Orlando metropolitan area from 1990 to 2009. Compact development and more diverse housing options realized through infill can alleviate spatial segregation and promote social diversity in communities by attracting diverse new residents into the neighborhood. However, as infill housing reflects neighborhood conditions, the impacts of infill housing on neighborhood income diversity vary depending on neighborhood types. The results show that infill development is only positively associated with neighborhood income diversity in gentrifying communities. Therefore, a more direct guideline or incentive program for infill, which can ensure a broad range of housing prices in infill development, should be implemented to promote mixed income communities through infill.
Mixed type logical topology for wireless sensor networks

WSNs (wireless sensor networks) are often high-densely deployed and nodes are easy to fail. All these uncertainty preclude manual configuration and design-time pre-configuration. In the paper, MTLT (mixed type logical topology) is proposed, by which the whole sensor network is organized as mixed-type logical topology according to the local density and energy constraint. Simulation experiments proved that MTLT is a simple, robust and low-latency topology for different types of data dissemination in dense deployed WSNs.
Design Challenges of Analog-to-Digital Converters in Nanoscale CMOS

This paper discusses issues in the design of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) in nanoscale CMOS and introduces some experimental designs incorporating techniques to solve these issues. Technology scaling increases the maximum conversion rate, but it decreases the gain and the SNR. To maintain a high SNR level despite the low-voltage operation, the power consumption needs to be increased. Because of lowered supply voltages, the design of circuits based on operational amplifiers (OpAmps) has become more difficult. Designs without OpAmps have therefore received more attention. One way of realizing low-voltage pipeline ADCs is by using comparator-controlled current sources, instead of conventional OpAmps. Furthermore, successive approximation ADCs and sub-ranging ADCs do not require OpAmps and are therefore suitable for low-voltage operation. ADC designers are now searching for suitable architectures for future nanoscale CMOS processes.
Damage reduction of robot at the emergence crash by modifying stiffness

It is supposed that human and robot share living area in future. That time, the most important thing is security and safety of human. Robot have not injure human at any case. There are three ways for that. The first one is to control robot completely for fear that there is no emergency, which is almost impossible and dream of all engineers. The second one is to achieve smooth body like sponge. The third one is to insure soft joint actuation of robot like. Here the third method is studied using the pneumatic muscle actuators. The comparison between motor actuator and pneumatic muscle actuator is described and the method to configure robot manipulator using pneumatic muscle is also explained. Sliding mode control is applied to control 2-link manipulator. Finally impulse from crash on obstacle is studied to show the joint stiffness modification effects. Dual arm simulator is used to assure the controllability of 2-link manipulator and the property of impulse at a sudden crash.
Refinement patterns for rapid development of dependable systems

Although, it is widely recognised that formal methods is the single most important technique for building complex dependable systems, formal methods struggle to gain wide acceptance outside their few traditional application areas. In this paper we investigate a method for mechanised transformation of formal models. We argue that, applied to the vast catalogue of architectural and design patterns for dependable systems, this method can greatly contribute to the applicability of formal methods in development of dependable systems. The discussion is supported by a detailed analysis of the Triple Modular Redundancy pattern and a prototype plugin to the RODIN platform which adds the refinement mechanisation support to the Event-B formal framework.
The Metallicity Distribution Function of the Halo of the Milky Way

We report on the distribution of metallicities, [Fe/H], for very metal-poor stars in the halo of the Galaxy. Although the primary information on the nature of the Metallicity Distribution Function (MDF) is obtained from the two major recent surveys for metal-poor stars, the HK survey of Beers and collaborators, and the Hamburg/ESO Survey of Christlieb and collaborators, we also discuss the MDF derived from the publicly available database of stellar spectra and photometry contained in the third data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS DR-3). Even though the SDSS was not originally planned as a stellar survey, significant numbers of stars have been observed to date – DR-3 contains spectroscopy for over 70,000 stars, at least half of which are suitable for abundance determinations. There are as many very metal-poor ([Fe/H] $< -2.0$) stars in DR-3 as have been obtained from all previous survey efforts combined. We also discuss prospects for significant expansion of the list of metal-poor stars to be obtained from the recently funded extension of the SDSS, which includes the project SEGUE: Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Evolution.
Applying Game Theory to the Incremental Funding Method in Software Projects

Game theory has been successfully used to ana- lyze situations in several areas, such as economics, politics, sociology and biology. The Incremental Funding Method (IFM) is a well known technique for optimizing the financial return of software projects under monopolistic conditions. This paper presents a new approach for the maximization of software projects' financial returns under duopolistic situations, based on the application of game theory concepts to the IFM. It provides decision makers with policies, which demonstrate how and when the product, divided into modules, should be developed and launched in order to maximize return on investment of a project.
Radon Transformation and Principal Component Analysis Method Applied in Postal Address Recognition Task

In this paper a new method of handwritten characters recognition is introduced. The proposed algorithm is applied to classification of post mails on the basis of zip code information. In connection with this work the research was conducted with numeric characters used in real post code of mail pieces. Moreover article contains basic image processing for instance filtration binarization and normalization of the character. The main objective of this article is to use the Radon Transform and Principal Component Analysis methods to obtain a set of invariant features, on basis of which postal code will be recognized. The reported experiments results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. Furthermore sources of errors as well as possible improvement of classification results will be discussed.
The ultraviolet luminosity function and star formation rate of the Coma cluster

We present estimates of the GALEX NUV and FUV luminosity functions (LFs) of the Coma cluster, over a total area of ~9 deg^2 (~25 Mpc^2), i.e. from the cluster center to the virial radius. Our analysis represents the widest and deepest UV investigation of a nearby cluster of galaxies made to date. The Coma UV LFs show a faint-end slope steeper than the one observed in the local field. This difference, more evident in NUV, is entirely due to the contribution of massive quiescent systems (e.g. ellipticals, lenticulars and passive spirals), more frequent in high density environments. On the contrary, the shape of the UV LFs for Coma star-forming galaxies does not appear to be significantly different from that of the field, consistently with previous studies of local and high redshift clusters. We demonstrate that such similarity is only a selection effect, not providing any information on the role of the environment on the star formation history of cluster galaxies. By integrating the UV LFs for star-forming galaxies (corrected for the first time for internal dust attenuation), we show that the specific star formation rate of Coma is significantly lower than the integrated SSFR of the field and that Coma-like clusters contribute only <7% of the total SFR density of the local universe. Approximately 2/3 of the whole star-formation in Coma is occurring in galaxies with M_star < 10^10 M_sol. The vast majority of star-forming galaxies has likely just started its first dive into the cluster core and has not yet been affected by the cluster environment. The total stellar mass accretion rate of Coma is ~(0.6-1.8) x 10^12 M_sol Gyr^-1, suggesting that a significant fraction of the population of lenticular and passive spirals observed today in Coma could originate from infalling galaxies accreted between z~1 and z~0.
A Review: Person Recognition Based on Humming

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of different feature extraction techniques for humming based person recognition. Normally, speech is used as an input to the biometric system for recognition of a speaker, but over here, instead of using speech, hum of a person is used for the same purpose. Hum is a sound produced by the nose, in which the oral cavity is closed and the vocal tract is coupled with the nasal cavity. Humming is also more universally available on everyone than speech so it is also applicable for a deaf person as well as an infant with disorder in speech production mechanism. Different features like Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), Linear Predictive coefficients (LPC), Perceptual Linear Prediction (PLP) and all other feature vectors are used as an input to the classifier of Gaussian Mixture Model-Universal background Model (GMM-UBM) and polynomial classifier of 2 and 3 order. Measurement of a performance of a system is done based on the Identification/Success Rate and Equal Error rate (EER). Keywords—Speaker recognition, Hum, LPC, MFCC, polynomial classifier, GMM-UBM, EER.
Towards algorithm agility for wireless sensor networks: Comparison of the portability of selected Hash functions

Cryptographic hash functions are an important building block used in many cryptosystems. The flexibility and ability of a system designer to choose the most fitting function for a given system enables fast, efficient and secure designs. In this position paper we give preliminary results of porting three selected hash algorithms to Iris and MicaZ Sensor nodes in terms of achieved performance, memory requirements and the influence of different compiler optimizations on these measurements. Our main goal is to provide a sort of baseline approximation of how much effort is needed to port reference code of these algorithms to a new platform without trying to optimize it, leaving all this work to the compiler; enabling designers to not having to stick to already ported algorithms, when they might be suboptimally suited for a given environment.
Polsko-chińska współpraca gospodarcza po przystąpieniu Polski do Unii Europejskiej

The aim of the article is to analize polish-chinese economic relations after polish accession to the European Union structures. Studies carried out in the first part of the article concern trade rates between the two countries. Results show that polish import from China exceed export. The negative trends persist for many years and are continually deepening. From the geographical side, polish import from China flows mainly from the east coast part of China including Peking and Ningxia province. Polish export to China flows mainly to eastern and northern parts of the country. Concerning the commodity structure of the Polish-Chinese exchange, after the polish accession to the UE, polish products turned to be seen as high-quality as well as cheaper than in other UE countries. In 2009, electromechanical products accounted for more than 50% of the imported wares. Metallurgical, electromechanical and chemical products summed up to more than 76% of the polish export to China. The next part of the article analizes chinese investments in Poland and polish investments in China. In the end of 2007, chinese investments in Poland exceeded 120 mln USD. The biggest investments in Poland include building distribution center of GD Poland, Min Hoong Development company and TTL Poland – production center of TV LCD. In 2006, the polish investments in China reached 174 mln USD, investments included building Chinese-Polish Joint Stock Shipping Corporation “Chipolbrok” as well as Shanghai-Gdynia International Transportation Agency Co., Ltd. The last part of the article moved on to the topic of economic cooperation and barriers in access to Chinese market that include tariff and non- tariff barriers. To non-tariff barriers belongs: bureaucracy, weak protection of intellectual property rights as well as communication (language barrier).
Fault tolerant and testable designs of reversible sequential building blocks

With increasing high speed computation demand the power consumption, heat dissipation and chip size issues are posing challenges for logic design with conventional technologies. Recovery of bit loss and bit errors is other issues that require reversibility and fault tolerance in computation. The reversible computing is emerging as an alternative to conventional technologies to overcome above problems. Bit loss issue can be solved through unique input output mapping which require reversibility and bit error issue require capability of fault tolerance in design. In order to incorporate reversibility a number of combinational reversible logic based circuits have been developed. However, very few sequential reversible circuits have been reported in the literature. To make the circuit fault tolerant, a number of fault model and test approaches have been proposed for reversible logic. In this paper, we have attempted to incorporate fault tolerance in sequential reversible building blocks such as positive level D flip-flop, negative level D flip-flop, T flip-flop, JK flipflop, R-S flip-flop, Master-Slave D flip-flop and double edge triggered (DET) D flip-flop by making them parity preserving. The importance of this proposed work lies in the fact that it provides the design of reversible sequential circuits completely testable for any stuck-at fault and single bit fault. In our opinion our design of reversible building blocks is superior to existing designs in term of quantum cost, hardware complexity, constant input, garbage output, number of gates and design of online testable D flip-flop have been proposed for the first time. We hope our work can be extended for building complex reversible sequential circuits.
Virtual-Pressure Scheduling in IEEE 802.11 Wireless Mesh Networks

Back-pressure scheduling is known to play a crucial role in operating wireless mesh networks (WMNs). In this letter, we expand the back-pressure scheduling with broader control parameters for a selected practical domain. To solve this expanded problem, we propose a virtual-pressure scheduling algorithm that tries to find the control parameters for improving throughputs by monitoring the results of the back-pressure scheduling. From this, virtual-pressure scheduling achieves 5 times higher throughputs than the back-pressure scheduling in heavily congested IEEE 802.11 WMNs.
Using Prediction Markets to Support IT Project Management - Research in Progress

Developing obtainable, clear and measurable work expectations early in the project planning process is an important part of successful project management. Converting these expectations into project milestones and communicating openly about progress toward them is critical to every project’s success. Optimistic estimation biases of IT workers, poor estimating techniques and group politics can hamper communication and decrease the chances of success. A prediction market is a tool that might help project managers overcome these obstacles. Prediction markets are online marketplaces that adapt many of the same structures found in stock markets to aggregate information about the probability of future events. These markets have produced reliable estimates in a variety of settings including within corporations. This presentation will describe the design, implementation and evaluation of a prediction market to support the communication needs of an IT project manager overseeing the implementation of a software system within a distributed team environment.