Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extensibility and Data Sharing in evolving multi-tenant databases

Software-as-a-Service applications commonly consolidate multiple businesses into the same database to reduce costs. This practice makes it harder to implement several essential features of enterprise applications. The first is support for master data, which should be shared rather than replicated for each tenant. The second is application modification and extension, which applies both to the database schema and master data it contains. The third is evolution of the schema and master data, which occurs as the application and its extensions are upgraded. These features cannot be easily implemented in a traditional DBMS and, to the extent that they are currently offered at all, they are generally implemented within the application layer. This approach reduces the DBMS to a ‘dumb data repository’ that only stores data rather than managing it. In addition, it complicates development of the application since many DBMS features have to be re-implemented. Instead, a next-generation multi-tenant DBMS should provide explicit support for Extensibility, Data Sharing and Evolution. As these three features are strongly related, they cannot be implemented independently from each other. Therefore, we propose FLEXSCHEME which captures all three aspects in one integrated model. In this paper, we focus on efficient storage mechanisms for this model and present a novel versioning mechanism, called XOR Delta, which is based on XOR encoding and is optimized for main-memory DBMSs.
Three-Year-Olds’ Understanding of the Consequences of Joint Commitments

Here we investigate the extent of children’s understanding of the joint commitments inherent in joint activities. Three-year-old children either made a joint commitment to assemble a puzzle with a puppet partner, or else the child and puppet each assembled their own puzzle. Afterwards, children who had made the joint commitment were more likely to stop and wait for their partner on their way to fetch something, more likely to spontaneously help their partner when needed, and more likely to take over their partner’s role when necessary. There was no clear difference in children’s tendency to tattle on their partner’s cheating behavior or their tendency to distribute rewards equally at the end. It thus appears that by 3 years of age making a joint commitment to act together with others is beginning to engender in children a “we”-intentionality which holds across at least most of the process of the joint activity until the shared goal is achieved, and which withstands at least some of the perturbations to the joint activity children experience.
Detection and Characterization of New Influenza B Virus Variants in 2002

ABSTRACT One-hundred five influenza B-positive specimens obtained from southeast Asia in 2002 were categorized on the basis of DNA sequencing of HA1 gene as well as real-time PCR analysis of the NA gene. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA1 gene sequences showed that the majority of the viruses (96.2%) belonged to the B/Victoria/2/87 lineage, while a smaller percentage of the viruses (3.8%) belonged to the B/Yamagata/16/88 lineage. The B/Yamagata/16/88 viruses displayed significant antigenic drift in the deduced amino acid sequences of the HA1 protein, and the B/Victoria/2/87-like viruses consisted of B/Hong Kong/1351/02-like (72.3%) and B/Hong Kong/330/01-like (27.7%) viruses. The B/Hong Kong/1351/02-like viruses were reassortants with the HA gene belonging to the B/Victoria/2/87 lineage and the NA gene belonging to the B/Yamagata/16/88 lineage, whereas both the HA and NA genes of B/Hong Kong/330/01 virus belonged to the B/Victoria/2/87 lineage. In this study, however, all the B/Hong Kong/330/01-like isolates exhibited the B/Yamagata/16/88-like NA gene, which likely resulted from reassortment of B/Hong Kong/330/01 and B/Hong Kong/1351/02 viruses during coinfection. Additional molecular characterization of the six internal genes showed that the M, NS, PA, and PB2 genes of the new variants were B/Hong Kong/1351/02 in origin, whereas the NP and PA genes retained the B/Hong Kong/330/01 origin. Interestingly, these new variants all appeared late in the year 2002. These results support the notion that influenza B viruses continued to evolve through antigenic drift and shift.
Relaying EMV Contactless Transactions using Off-The-Shelf Android Devices

Dutch banks introduced contactless payments in April 2014, and have been promoting the use of contactless cards since then. Contactless payments are based on the EMV specification, the worldwide standard for contact and contactless transactions. EMV Contact is a well-researched field and many vulnerabilities have been found. Although EMV Contactless is newer and less researched, a few vulnerabilities have already been identified. All known EMV Contactless vulnerabilities exist in legacy modes that EMV provides. These modes, however, are not supported in the Netherlands and thus these vulnerabilities are not applicable to Dutch cards or terminals. We present the first vulnerabilities in EMV Contactless that are applicable to Dutch cards and terminals. We show that a relay attack can be performed with very limited resources and widely available off-the-shelf hardware. Our proof-ofconcept relay attack proves that a criminal can pay at a Point-of-Sale terminal, using the card inside a wallet of a victim, while the victim is arbitrary far away from the terminal. All Dutch cards are vulnerable to our proof-of-concept relay attack.
Clade-specific morphological diversification and adaptive radiation in Hawaiian songbirds

The Hawaiian honeycreepers are a dramatic example of adaptive radiation but contrast with the four other songbird lineages that successfully colonized the Hawaiian archipelago and failed to undergo similar diversification. To explore the processes that produced the diversity dichotomy in this insular fauna, we compared clade age and morphological diversity between the speciose honeycreepers and the comparatively depauperate Hawaiian thrushes. Mitochondrial–DNA–based genetic distances between these Hawaiian clades and their continental sister taxa indicate that the ancestral thrush colonized the Hawaiian Islands as early as the common ancestor of the honeycreepers. This similar timing of colonization indicates that the marked difference in diversity between the Hawaiian honeycreeper and thrush clades is unlikely to result from differences in these clades' tenures within the archipelago. If time cannot explain the contrasting diversities of these taxa, then an intrinsic, clade–specific trait may have fostered the honeycreeper radiation. As the honeycreepers have diversified most dramatically in morphological characters related to resource utilization, we used principal components analyses of bill characters to compare the magnitudes of morphological variation in the ancestral clades from which the Hawaiian honeycreeper and thrush lineages are derived, the Carduelini and Turdinae respectively. Although the Carduelini share a more recent common ancestor and have a lower species diversity than the Turdinae, these finch–like relatives of the honeycreepers exhibit significantly greater variation in bill morphology than do the continental relatives of the Hawaiian thrushes. The higher magnitude of morphological variation in the non–Hawaiian Carduelini suggests that the honeycreepers fall within a clade exhibiting a generally high evolutionary flexibility in bill morphology. Accordingly, although the magnitude of bill variation among the honeycreepers is similar to that of the entire passerine radiation, this dramatic morphological radiation represents an extreme manifestation of a general clade–specific ability to evolve novel morphologies.
Inosine Alters Gene Expression and Axonal Projections in Neurons Contralateral to a Cortical Infarct and Improves Skilled Use of the Impaired Limb

Recovery after stroke and other types of brain injury is restricted in part by the limited ability of undamaged neurons to form compensatory connections. Inosine, a naturally occurring purine nucleoside, stimulates neurons to extend axons in culture and, in vivo, enhances the ability of undamaged neurons to form axon collaterals after brain damage. The molecular changes induced by inosine are unknown, as is the ability of inosine to restore complex functions associated with a specific cortical area. Using a unilateral injury model limited to the sensorimotor cortex, we show that inosine triples the number of corticospinal tract axons that project from the unaffected hemisphere and form synaptic bouton-like structures in the denervated half of the spinal cord. These changes correlate with improved recovery in animals' ability to grasp and consume food pellets with the affected forepaw. Studies using laser-capture microdissection and microarray analysis show that inosine profoundly affects gene expression in corticospinal neurons contralateral to the injury. Inosine attenuates transcriptional changes caused by the stroke, while upregulating the expression of genes associated with axon growth and the complement cascade. Thus, inosine alters gene expression in neurons contralateral to a stroke, enhances the ability of these neurons to form connections on the denervated side of the spinal cord, and improves performance with the impaired limb.
Positive and compartmental systems

When dealing with compartmental systems, an important question is: given an experiment, i.e., an input-output sequence, and supposing there is no error in the data, is the sequence compatible with the compartmental assumption? If the process under analysis is linear, then the previous question is obviously equivalent to asking whether a given transfer function is that of a compartmental system. In this note we provide an answer to the latter question giving necessary and sufficient conditions for a transfer function to be that of a compartmental system of some finite order (i.e., number of compartments). Another problem tackled in this note originates from the observation that in many cases one wants to determine the number of compartments involved in the process. In this note we report a step toward the solution of this fundamental problem by proving necessary and sufficient conditions for a given third order transfer function with real poles to be that of a compartmental system with three compartments.
Fuzzy logic system to detect pump faults from motor current spectra

Faults in pumping systems can be caused through the changes in flow regimes, such as cavitation, that lead to impeller degradation or corruption of pumped material, and ultimately to the deterioration and breakdown of pumps themselves. Results are presented of experiments using spectral analysis of motor current to diagnose and predict specific failures in pumps. Fault signatures were established by relating spectral features to individual faults, and by analysing their behaviour in the presence of faults. Faults investigated were cavitation, blockage and impeller damage. A fuzzy logic system was built as a final decision making module.
Anthracycline cardiotoxicity in the elderly cancer patient: a SIOG expert position paper.

BACKGROUND Comorbidities and risk factors likely to complicate treatment are common in elderly cancer patients. Anthracyclines remain the cornerstone of first-line therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and metastatic and early breast cancer but can cause congestive heart failure. Elderly patients are at increased risk of this event and measures to reduce it should be considered. METHODS A committee of experts in breast cancer and NHL met under the auspices of the International Society for Geriatric Oncology to review the literature and make recommendations, based on level of evidence, for the assessment, treatment and monitoring of elderly patients requiring anthracyclines. RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Use of anthracycline-based chemotherapy illustrates many of the dilemmas facing elderly cancer patients. Age in itself should not prevent access to potentially curative treatment or treatment that prolongs life or improves its quality. The risk of cardiotoxicity with conventional anthracyclines is increased by the following factors: an existing or history of heart failure or cardiac dysfunction; hypertension, diabetes and coronary artery disease; older age (independent of comorbidities and performance status); prior treatment with anthracyclines; higher cumulative dose of anthracyclines and short infusion duration. The fact that cumulative and irreversible cardiotoxicity is likely to be greater in this population than among younger patients calls for effective pretreatment screening for risk factors, rigorous monitoring of cardiac function and early intervention. Use of liposomal anthracycline formulations, prolonging the infusion time for conventional anthracyclines and cardioprotective measures should be considered. However, when treatment is being given with curative intent, care should be taken to ensure reduced cardiotoxicity is not achieved at the expense of efficacy.
An investigation on the sesamoids and supernumerary bones of wrestlers by CT and 3D-reconstruction

The sesamoid bones of feet are quite small but they play very important roles in regulating pressure. In this study, 9 male wrestlers from Guangdong Greco-Roman wrestling team served as the subjects. CT scanning image of feet and data have been used to reconstruct the three-dimensional structures of feet, based on which the investigation and measurements of the sesamoid bones and supernumerary bones have been completed. The result shows that every foot of the subjects has 2 or 3 sesamoid bones (only one case with 2 sesamoid bones and all the rest with 3 sesamoid bones). The occurrence rate of the first metatarsal sesamoids is 100% and that of the interphalangeal joint sesamoids is 94.4%, which is much higher than the results reported by previous studies. The occurrence rate of accessory navicular bone is 16.7% and that of the triquetral sesamoid bones is 22.2%. The occurrence rate of sesamoid bones and supernumerary bones in the second calcaneumi also are higher than the results in previous reports. It is concluded in our study that the occurrence rate of sesamoid bones and supernumerary bones and their morphological features are closely related to the acquired influence of exercise.
The incidence of Facebook overuse in the academic performance of freshman students at the Foreign Languages Department of the University of el Salvador during semester I/2013

Facebook overuse causes an impact on the academic performance. Students of the Foreign Language Department communicate and network with each other through Facebook, in some cases more than the normal face-to face communication. Among the variety of Social Networks sites, students prefer to use Facebook because they are able to freely express their thoughts and their feelings. There are over 500 million active users on its website every month in El Salvador. The problem is that students appear to be using Facebook excessively and during times when they should be working on coursework or studying. Facebook affects student‟s academic scores. University students in this study have grades that are compiled into an overall grade point average (GPA) and therefore, academic performance will be determined by the student„s college cumulative GPA and grades along as unit. Long hours spent on Facebook decrease student‟s academic performance and thus their grades. Students are aware that the web site is a distractor and time consuming; most of them consider that they cannot live without checking Facebook profile at every moment because they like it and some of them are addicted to it. This addiction causes distraction while they are in class or doing their academic tasks. Therefore, this research perceives the effects on student‟s achievements and physiological effects on the basis of flow theory and the cognitive absorption on Facebook. The goal of this study is to gather information about freshman student‟s Facebook use and to analyze the incidence between Facebook use and academic performance.
Chapter 1 BUILDING , TESTING , AND APPLYING CONCEPT HIERARCHIES

A means of automatically deriving a hierarchical organization of concepts from a set of documents without use of training data or standard clustering techniques is presented. Using a process that extracts salient words and phrases from the documents, these terms are organized hierarchically using a type of co-occurrence known as subsumption. The resulting structure is displayed as a series of hierarchical menus. When generated from a set of retrieved documents, a user browsing the menus gains an overview of their content in a manner distinct from existing techniques. The methods used to build the structure are simple and appear to be effective. The formation and presentation of the hierarchy is described along with a study of some of its properties, including a preliminary experiment, which indicates that users may find the hierarchy a more efficient means of locating relevant documents than the classic method of scanning a ranked document list.
Electronically Switchable Bandpass Filters Using Loaded Stepped-Impedance Resonators

Stepped-impedance resonators with diodes loaded at one end are used to develop switchable bandpass filters in this paper. The loaded diodes are used to switch the resonance conditions of the stepped-impedance resonators. The equations for resonance conditions of the stepped-impedance resonators with different loads at one end are derived and discussed. With these derived equations, the switchable filters can be easily designed and synthesized using the coupled-resonator filter theory. When the switchable filter is switched on, a bandpass filter response with a wide stopband rejection is achieved by making the on-state coupled resonators have the same fundamental resonant frequency, but different higher order resonant frequencies. When switched off, a high and wideband isolation is obtained by properly misaligning the resonant modes of the off-state resonators. The design concept is demonstrated by two single-pole-single-throw fourth-order Butterworth-type switchable microstrip bandpass filters, which utilize two and three switched stepped-impedance resonators, respectively. Finally, a compact single-pole-double-throw switchable microstrip bandpass filter using common resonators is demonstrated for wireless communication applications
Power saving techniques to improve efficiency of a parallel-connected negative DC-DC converter

A parallel-connected negative DC-DC converter using power saving techniques has been proposed in this paper. Unlike conventional negative converters, the proposed converter consists of four negative heap converters connected in parallel, where the power switch is driven by non-overlapped four-phase pulses cyclically. In two of the four negative heap converters, a part of the electric charge in parasitic capacitances is reused in each clock cycle. For this reason, the proposed converter can reduce energy loss than the conventional converters. The validity of the proposed technique was confirmed by simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) simulations and theoretical analysis. When the output load is 1 kΩ, the proposed converter was able to improve power efficiency more than 11% compared to the conventional converter.
A fingerprint identification algorithm by clustering similarity

This paper introduces a fingerprint identification algorithm by clustering similarity with the view to overcome the dilemmas encountered in fingerprint identification. To decrease multi-spectrum noises in a fingerprint, we first use a dyadic scale space (DSS) method for image enhancement. The second step describes the relative features among minutiae by building a minutia-simplex which contains a pair of minutiae and their local associated ridge information, with its transformation-variant and invariant relative features applied for comprehensive similarity measurement and for parameter estimation respectively. The clustering method is employed to estimate the transformation space. Finally, multi-resolution technique is used to find an optimal transformation model for getting the maximal mutual information between the input and the template features. The experimental results including the performance evaluation by the 2nd International Verification Competition in 2002 (FVC2002), over the four fingerprint databases of FVC2002 indicate that our method is promising in an automatic fingerprint identification system (AFIS).
Analytical extraction of thermal conductivities of low k dielectrics for advanced technologies

As the dimensions of IC structures shrink and dissipated power densities increase, thermal considerations have a growing importance in the development of advanced microelectronic components. Optimal thermal management requires the accurate knowledge of the thermal conductivities of their constitutive thin films. Actually, a precise knowledge of these material parameters is essential to predict the thermal behavior of the IC and then to take it into account in reliability issues. The present paper provides an analytical thermal resistance model used to extract the conductivities of fluorinated silicate glass (FSG), phosphorous silicate glass (PSG) and silicate carbide oxide (SiOCH). Joule heating measurements at 25/spl deg/C performed on embedded copper lines have validated this model. Various dielectric stack configurations have been studied to isolate the contribution of each material in the thermal model. From these results, root mean square (rms) currents have been predicted to limit Joule heating in interconnects.
A Survey of Mapping Systems for Locator/Identifier Split Internet Routing

The locator/identifier split is a core principle of many recently proposed routing architectures for a scalable future Internet. It splits the function of today's IP addresses into two separate pieces. End-hosts are addressed using identifiers which are not globally routable while network attachment points have globally routable locators assigned. In most architectures, either the sending host or an intermediate node has to query a mapping system to obtain locators for identifiers. Such a mapping system must be fast, reliable, secure, and may be able to relay data packets. In this paper, we propose requirements and a general taxonomy for mapping systems and use it to provide a survey on recent proposals. We address general aspects of mapping systems and point out remaining research opportunities.
A neuropsychologic 'image' of bipolar disorder

Converging neuropsychologic and neuroimaging findings from investigations of patients with bipolar disorder suggest that in addition to deficits associated with the various phases of the illness, patients also have discernible trait deficits. This review integrates the findings from functional neuroimaging with neuropsychologic studies that have examined patients with bipolar disorder. A systematic review of the literature pertaining to these fields was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PSYCHLIT, and bibliographies of papers were scrutinized for further relevant references along with literature known to the authors. The key findings are summarized, and then briefly discussed. Investigations confirm that bipolar patients, even when 'well', have discernible functional deficits that may, potentially, serve as diagnostic markers, and also shed light on the pathophysiologic substrates of the disorder.