Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Messianic Sanctions for Terror

A most striking development in recent years has been the use of theological concepts to justify terrorist activity, a phenomenon which I have called "holy terror. "' The most notorious instance has occurred among the Shia, where the attempt to revive jihad (holy war) doctrines has produced some remarkable incidents in Lebanon and elsewhere. A major feature of the Shia episodes has been a striking willingness, even eagerness, to die, a disposition sustained by the belief that one who is killed while fighting in a jihad is guaranteed a place in paradise. This promise of an extraordinary personal benefit for assailants who die (a perversion, incidentally, of the traditional doctrine) gives Shia terror an awesome dimension in the eyes of potential victims.2 In the United States abortion clinic bombers regularly cite scripture to justify their deeds, and several scripture-based, messianic, right-wing terrorist groups have emerged in the last few years, the most prominent being "The Covenant, the Sword and the Arm of the Lord" and "The Order. "3
Fabrication of multilayer systems combining microfluidic and microoptical elements for fluorescence detection

This paper presents the fabrication of a microchemical chip for the detection of fluorescence species in microfluidics. The microfluidic network is wet-etched in a Borofloat 33 (Pyrex) glass wafer and sealed by means of a second wafer. Unlike other similar chemical systems, the detection system is realized with the help of microfabrication techniques and directly deposited on both sides of the microchemical chip. The detection system is composed of the combination of refractive microlens arrays and chromium aperture arrays. The microfluidic channels are 60 /spl mu/m wide and 25 /spl mu/m deep. The utilization of elliptical microlens arrays to reduce aberration effects and the integration of an intermediate (between the two bonded wafers) aluminum aperture array are also presented. The elliptical microlenses have a major axis of 400 /spl mu/m and a minor axis of 350 /spl mu/m. The circular microlens diameters range from 280 to 300 /spl mu/m. The apertures deposited on the outer chip surfaces are etched in a 3000-/spl Aring/-thick chromium layer, whereas the intermediate aperture layer is etched in a 1000-/spl Aring/-thick aluminum layer. The overall thickness of this microchemical system is less than 1.6 mm. The wet-etching process and new bonding procedures are discussed. Moreover, we present the successful detection of a 10-nM Cy5 solution with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 21 dB by means of this system.
Do Guns Provide Safety? At What Cost?

Many people feel that having a gun provides greater safety for them and their family. Actually, having a firearm in the home escalates the risk for death or injury, while using it to shoot someone who endangers the household is much less common. The resultant injuries, deaths, emotional turmoil, and/or disabilities lead to greater utilization of health care and legal/police services. Payment for these expenses is provided by higher insurance premiums and tax rates. This financial aspect has become a part of our country's current political concern over firearm ownership rights, gun violence or regulation, health care costs, the economy, and taxes.
Expression of glr (murI, dga) gene encoding glutamate racemase in Escherichia coli.

The murI (dga) gene of Escherichia coli is required for the biosynthesis of D-glutamate, an essential component of bacterial peptidoglycan (Doublet, P., van Heijetnoort, J., and Mengin-Lecreulx, D. (1992) J. Bacteriol. 174, 5772-5779; Dougherty, T. J., Thanassi, J. A. , and Pucci, M. J. (1993) J. Bacteriol. 175, 111-116), but its gene product has not been identified. We found that the amino acid sequence of protein deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the open reading frame of murI gene (ORF1) shows a significant homology with that of glutamate racemase of Pediococcus pentosaceus. The amino acid sequence of glutamate racemase of Lactobacillus fermenti recently reported also shows a homology with the deduced amino acid sequence of ORFI (Gallo, K. A., and Knowles, J. R. (1993) Biochemistry 32, 3981-3990). The murI (dga) gene was ligated into a plasmid, pKK223-3, with a designed ribosome binding site and expressed in E. coli JM109 cells. Glutamate racemase was produced by the transformant cells, whereas the enzyme was not found in the host cells. Accordingly, we newly termed the gene glr, which is more relevant than murI and dga. We partially purified the enzyme to characterize it. The enzyme consists of two identical subunits with a molecular weight of about 31,000 in contrast to the P. pentosaceus enzyme, a monomer protein.
Entrepreneurship in a Remote Sub-Arctic Community

This exploratory study attempts to provide a theoretical and empirically Informed Judgment about entrepreneurial activities In a small sub-Arctic Alaskan town. An Interdisciplinary literature review leads to the development of a theoretical typology of the entrepreneur, the framework of which Is used to analyze empirical findings. Having obtained, using ethnographic methodology, information onhowandwhypeople In that town become entrepreneurs, the author compares empirical findings with established theories. Evidence reveals that Eskimos and non-native respondents relate to opportunity quite differently. This supports the notion that entrepreneurship should not be viewed as a function of opportunity, but rather as a function of cultural perceptions of opportunity. Implications and topics for future research are discussed.
Alterations in serum MMP-8, MMP-9, IL-12p40 and IL-23 in multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferon-β1b

Background: Interferon-β1b (IFN-β1b), an effective treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS), lessens disease severity in MS patients. However, the mechanisms of its immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects in MS remain only partially understood. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) are involved in blood brain barrier disruption and formation of MS lesions. Th1/Th17 cytokines e.g. interleukins IL-12p40, IL-17, and IL-23, are associated with MS disease activity and are significant players in pathogenesis of MS. Objective: During a 1-year prospective study, we serially measured serum MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1, IL-12p40, IL-17, and IL-23 in 24 patients with relapsing—remitting MS. We compared the results to clinical course and to brain magnetic resonance imaging. IFN-β1b decreased serum MMP-8 and MMP-9 (not TIMP-1). Results: The sustained treatment with IFN-β1b attenuated the pro-inflammatory environment by significantly reducing the serum IL-12p40, IL-23, and showed a trend for decreasing IL-17. Decreased serum MMP-8, MMP-9, IL-12 and IL-23 levels were correlated with a decrease in the number of contrast-enhanced T2-weighted lesions. Conclusion: Early treatment of MS with IFN-β1b may stabilize clinical disease by attenuating levels of inflammatory cytokines and MMPs. Serial measurement of inflammatory mediators may serve as sensitive markers to gauge therapeutic responses to IFN-β1b during the first year of treatment.
`In Guise of a Congratulation': Political Symbolism in Zhou Xinfang's Play Hai Rui Submits his Memorial

The 'new historical drama' dominated the PRC literary stage between 1958 and 1963. It is my hypothesis that it provided the principal medium to depict the Great Leap years, to analyse who was responsible for its failings or achievements, and to suggest remedies to overcome the crisis or, alternatively, tobring the critics and slanderers to order. The Anti-Rightist Campaign which began in June 1957 had silenced the prose writers associated with Hu Yaobang's Communist Youth League, such as Liu Binyan, Wang Meng, and Gao Xiaosheng. The authors of the historical drama, by contrast, were senior cultural eaders like Tian Han, Guo Moruo, Zhou Xinfang, Meng Chao, or Wu Han. The plays were new or radically rewritten, and comprehension of their message required a substantial knowledge of wenyan, of history, and of top-level contention within the Party's leadership. Their intended audience comprised the senior members of the political class.
Activation of Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase (CaM-kinase) IV by CaM-kinase Kinase in Jurkat T Lymphocytes (*)

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaM-kinase IV), a member of the CaM-kinase family involved in transcriptional regulation, is stimulated by Ca2+/CaM but also requires phosphorylation by a CaM-kinase kinase for full activation. In this study we investigated the physiological role of a CaM-kinase cascade in Jurkat T human lymphocytes through antigen receptor (CD3) signaling. Total and Ca2+-independent CaM-kinase IV activities were increased 8-14-fold by anti-CD3 antibody. This CD3-mediated activation involved phosphorylation since the immunoprecipitated CaM-kinase IV from stimulated Jurkat cells could be subsequently inactivated in vitro by protein phosphatase 2A. CaM-kinase IV immunoprecipitated from unstimulated Jurkat cells or CD3-negative mutant Jurkat cells could be activated in vitro 10-40-fold by CaM-kinase kinase purified from rat brain or thymus, whereas CaM-kinase IV from CD3-stimulated wild-type Jurkat cells was only activated to 2-3-fold by exogenous CaM-kinase kinase. CaM-kinase IV activation was triggered by Ca2+ acting through calmodulin since activation could also be elicited by ionomycin treatment, and CD3-mediated activation was blocked by the calmodulin antagonist calmidazolium. These data are consistent with a CaM-kinase cascade in which CaM-kinase IV is activated by a CaM-kinase kinase cascade triggered by elevated intracellular calcium in Jurkat cells.
Performance comparison between non-binary LDPC codes and Reed-Solomon codes over noise bursts channels

In this paper, the performance of non-binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is investigated with high rates (R > 2/3), and small block lengths (N < 5000 bits) over noise bursts channels, and is compared with that of Reed-Solomon (RS) codes. Meanwhile, a new optimized encoding scheme of non-binary LDPC codes is presented, and a new decoding algorithm with reduced-complexity is introduced. The simulation results indicate that the non-binary LDPC codes are very effective against noise bursts, and are about 2.7 dB superior to the RS codes at a frame error rate (FER) of FER=10/sup -4/, even when the burst length is up to 144 bits long. It is of important value in magnetic recording systems.
Overview of prognostic factors in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

The non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are a biologically heterogeneous group of diseases with varying clinical presentations and outcomes. A number of studies have identified variables that carried independent prognostic significance. Although several staging systems had evolved that incorporated these prognostic variables, they were still unable to predict outcome. Ideally, the object of a staging system is to predict the likelihood of treatment response, time to progression or disease-free survival, and overall survival, and to provide a way to compare the outcome of similar groups of patients among various clinical trials. The need for such a system led to the creation of prognostic models such as the M.D. Anderson Tumor Score and, more recently, the International Prognostic Index. These prognostic models may identify those patients at highest risk for treatment failure, thereby identifying those patients who may require different therapeutic approaches.
Importance of CpG Dinucleotides in Activation of Natural IFN‐α‐Producing Cells by a Lupus‐Related Oligodeoxynucleotide

The oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ODN) 5'‐TTTTCAATTCGAAGATGAAT‐3' (ODN H), identified in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) serum, induced the production of interferon (IFN)‐α in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) when combined with lipofectin. Flow cytometric analysis with staining for surface antigens and intracellular IFN‐α, showed that the IFN‐α‐producing cells (IPC) were the natural IPC, also termed type 2 dendritic cell precursors (pDC2) or plasmacytoid monocytes. The importance of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides for the interferogenic activity of ODN was studied. Methylation of CpG impaired the activity of single‐stranded (ss) ODN H, but increased that of the complementary ssODN I. Furthermore, CpG‐methylated double‐stranded (ds) ODN Hmet‐Imet lost, but hemimethylated dsODN H‐Imet retained interferogenic activity. Inversion of the CpG to GpC had no effect on the interferogenic activity of ssODN H, increased that of ssODN I, however abolished the activity of dsODN H‐I. Alteration of the CpG in ODN H to ApG and in the ODN I to CpT destroyed their activity. The induction of IFN‐α is therefore sequence‐specific, but unmethylated CpGs are not always required, especially not in ssODNs. Interferogenic DNA sequences could therefore be more frequent in eukaryotic genomes than previously thought and their capacity to activate natural IPC may have implications for immune responses to microbial antigens and nuclear autoantigens.
A practical Si nanowire technology with nanowire-on-insulator structure for beyond 10nm logic technologies

This paper reports the design and fabrication of a practical Si nanowire (NW) transistor for beyond 10 nm logic devices application. The dependency of the DC and AC performances of Si NW MOSFETs on NW diameter (DNW) and gate oxide thickness has been investigated. A Si NW device with the scaled DNW of 9 nm and thin equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of 0.9 nm improved both on-current and electrostatic characteristics. Finally, a Nanowire-On-Insulator (NOI) structure has been proposed to enhance the AC performance of a multiple-stacked NWs structure, which improves DC performance but has the issue of high parasitic capacitance. As a result, the simulated AC performance of a triple-NOI structure was improved by around 20% compared to conventional triple NW structure.
Obesity: genes, glands or gluttony?

Distribution as well as amount of fat has health implications; central abdominal fat seems to be the major contributor to insulin resistance and risk of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Physical activity and diet affect overall adiposity; moreover, exercise specifically reduces visceral fat. The sexes differ in fat distribution; in particular, pre-menopausal women, despite greater overall adiposity, have much less visceral fat than men. There is a strong genetic determination of overall obesity and central abdominal adiposity. Genes regulating obesity (e.g. Ob) could modulate appetite, satiety, metabolic rate or physical activity. Moderate obesity probably results from interaction between genetic predisposition and an environment of abundant calories and reduced physical activity. Single gene mutations are being identified in a few morbidly obese people; however, the common genetic predisposition for obesity may relate to more subtle variations in regulatory controls. Diet and exercise are effective for some, but the response is often disappointing. Definition of pathways controlling appetite, metabolic rate and lipid metabolism may generate improved pharmacological compounds. Education and availability of lower-energy foods may help, but more radical approaches may be needed, such as environmental restructuring to increase physical activity. The problem is great, but failure will mean intolerably increased health costs.
Internationale Stellenbesetzungspolitik in Early Internationalizers: Jenseits inkrementeller Pfade?

Early Internationalizers haben seit Mitte der 90er Jahre zunehmende wissenschaftliche Aufmerksamkeit erfahren. Das Expatriate Management in Early Internationalizers hingegen ist kaum systematisch erforscht. Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrages ist es daher, erste konzeptionelle Überlegungen zur internationalen Stellenbesetzungspolitik von Early Internationalizers zu erarbeiten. Grundlage der Auseinandersetzung stellt das Perlmuttersche EPRG-Konzept dar, welches neben einer Typisierung unterschiedlicher Stellenbesetzungspolitiken auch Hinweise für eine (inkrementelle) Abfolge dieser Typen im Zeitverlauf anbietet. In Analogie zu den empirisch bewährten Determinanten von Early Internationalizers, nämlich Netzwerken, internationaler Erfahrung und Technologieintensität, die eine frühzeitige und strategisch-selektive Auslandsmarktbearbeitung begründen, wird diskutiert, ob entsprechende Konsequenzen für die Abfolge der internationalen Stellenbesetzungspolitiken zu erwarten sind.
Effect of early surgery after hip fracture on mortality and complications: systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Guidelines exist for the surgical treatment of hip fracture, but the effect of early surgery on mortality and other outcomes that are important for patients remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effect of early surgery on the risk of death and common postoperative complications among elderly patients with hip fracture. Methods: We searched electronic databases (including MEDLINE and EMBASE), the archives of meetings of orthopedic associations and the bibliographies of relevant articles and questioned experts to identify prospective studies, published in any language, that evaluated the effects of early surgery in patients undergoing procedures for hip fracture. Two reviewers independently assessed methodologic quality and extracted relevant data. We pooled data by means of the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model, which is based on the inverse variance method. Results: We identified 1939 citations, of which 16 observational studies met our inclusion criteria. These studies had a total of 13 478 patients for whom mortality data were complete (1764 total deaths). Based on the five studies that reported adjusted risk of death (4208 patients, 721 deaths), irrespective of the cut-off for delay (24, 48 or 72 hours), earlier surgery (i.e., within the cut-off time) was associated with a significant reduction in mortality (relative risk [RR] 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68–0.96, p = 0.01). Unadjusted data indicated that earlier surgery also reduced in-hospital pneumonia (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.37–0.93, p = 0.02) and pressure sores (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.34–0.69, p < 0.001). Interpretation: Earlier surgery was associated with a lower risk of death and lower rates of postoperative pneumonia and pressure sores among elderly patients with hip fracture. These results suggest that reducing delays may reduce mortality and complications.
OLOGEN® implant in the management of glaucoma in an unusual case of Axenfeld–Rieger syndrome

We report an unusual case of Axenfeld–Rieger Syndrome with secondary glaucoma managed with Ologen® implant. A 35-year-old male presented with complaints of decreased vision in both eyes of 22 years duration. His best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was no perception of light in right eye and 20/30 in left eye. Gonioscopy revealed anterior insertion of iris into trabecular meshwork, prominent iris processes and broad-based synechiae with prominent Schwalbe's line along the angle circumference with cord-like structures taking its origin at the level of Schwalbe's line in both eyes. Fundus examination revealed total glaucomatous optic atrophy in right eye with 0.9:1 cup disc ratio with bipolar notch in left eye. Humphrey visual field analysis showed superior and inferior arcuate scotoma in left eye. Intraocular pressure measured by Goldman applanation tonometry was 30 mmHg and 26 mmHg in right and left eye, respectively. After an unsuccessful medical management, he underwent trabeculectomy with Ologen® implant under local anesthesia in his left eye. Postoperatively, at the end of one year, intraocular pressure (IOP) in his left eye was controlled without medication. This case highlights the management of secondary angle closure glaucoma in Axenfeld–Rieger syndrome with Ologen® implant.
A compact meandered line microstrip antenna and observe effect of inverted U shape in ground plane for triple band

A meandered line antenna been designed and fabricated in the FR4 substrate for triple-band application. The aim of the work is to design and to implement meandered line antenna that fulfills the requirement of triple band operation in x-band (8 to 12 GHz) by using the T, S-shaped and an inverted U shape is incorporated in the ground plane which is shown in figure 1 and 2. The effects of altering the inverted U shape in-ground the radiation characteristics are assessed. To achieved proposed antenna, analyze design a & b. All the simulated and measured results are shown below. The fabricated antenna giving 90% accuracy w r t simulated result in terms of Sjj. The results show that the antenna achieves the gain of about 6.2dB to 9.1dB by changing the position of feed and resonates at desired frequencies ranging from 8 to 12 GHz for X-band. The performance analysis of all simulated and proposed modified antenna are carried out using ADS software.
The extent and determinants of precarious employment in Europe

Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent and determinants of the so-called precarious employment across Europe and using different measures and based on individual’s self-assessment. Design/methodology/approach - – Data on over two million workers across Europe (EU-15) from the European Union Labour Force Survey are utilised and a Heckman selection approach is adopted. Findings - – About one tenth of the total European workforce is in employment relationships that could be related to precariousness. The sources of precariousness are mainly involuntary part-time and temporary work. Less prominent as a source of precariousness is job insecurity related to fear of job loss. Vulnerable groups are found to have a higher risk of precariousness while significant country variations indicate that precariousness cannot be examined in isolation of the national context. Finally, signals of previous employment inability, such as lack of past working experience, as well as the state of labour market significantly increase the risk of precarious work. Originality/value - – The present study utilises a large-scale survey in order to investigate the incidence of precarious employment in a harmonised way and produce results that are comparable across EU-15 countries.
Ka-Band Gap Waveguide Coupled-Resonator Filter for Radio Link Diplexer Application

Gap waveguide technology represents an interesting alternative as low-loss, cost-effective, and high-performance transmission line and package of microwave and millimeter-wave systems. A Ka-band coupled-resonator filter for a radio link diplexer, which requires high selectivity to isolate transmit and receiving channels, is proposed and realized using gap waveguide technology. The band-pass filter, which has a central frequency of 37.37 GHz and a pass bandwidth of 560 MHz, is fabricated between two parallel metal plates, leaving an air gap between them. After milling one of the plates, silver-plating is applied on them. Measurements show a minimum in-band insertion loss of 1 dB and agree quite well with simulations.
High-Performance $\hbox{GeO}_{2}/\hbox{Ge}$  nMOSFETs With Source/Drain Junctions Formed by Gas-Phase Doping

We reveal that the MOVPE-based gas-phase doping can yield lower arsenic diffusion constant and lower leakage current n<sup>+</sup>/p junctions in Ge compared with conventional ion-implantation doping. Thus, the gas-phase doping is quite effective for realizing high-performance Ge n-channel MOSFETs. By using gas-phase doping for source/drain junction formation, the (100) GeO<sub>2</sub>/Ge nMOSFETs have achieved high electron mobility of 1020 cm<sup>2</sup>/V·s while maintaining low junction leakage current and high I<sub>on</sub>/I<sub>off</sub> ratio of 10<sup>5</sup>. Furthermore, the (110) GeO<sub>2</sub>/Ge nMOSFETs have also shown high electron mobility and high I<sub>on</sub>/I<sub>off</sub> ratio.