Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Religion and dual-process cognition: a continuum of styles or distinct types?

Over the last two decades, various lines of research within cognitive science and social psychology have converged to create dual-process theory. The received view of this theory suggests two distinct cognitive processes: one is intuitive and the other reflective. But the defining features of these two types have been called into question by recent critiques. In response, new constraints have refined the distinctive features of each type, and distinguished between distinct types of processes and differing modes of the same type. This reformulation of dual-process theory bears upon the cognitive science of religion by reorganizing our understanding of religious cognition in relation to these two types of processes. Religious belief has been traditionally associated with type 1, intuitive, processes. This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on dual-process theory and religion in order to suggest that while these basic intuitive processes may support religious beliefs, we must also expand our view to understand belief in relation to varying cognitive modes. These modes exist on a continuum, and are properly understood as type 2, reflective, processes. Thus they present a more nuanced and complex framework for understanding the relationship between varying types of religious belief and cognitive styles.
An efficient data structure for network anomaly detection

Despite the rapid advance in networking technologies, detection of network anomalies at high-speed switches/routers is still far from maturity. To push the frontier, two major technologies need to be addressed. The first one is efficient feature-extraction algorithms/hardware that can match a line rate in the order of Gb/second; the second one is fast and effective anomaly detection schemes. In this paper, we focus on design of efficient data structure and algorithms for feature extraction. Specifically, we propose a novel data structure that extracts the so-called two-directional (2D) matching features, which are shown to be effective indicators of network anomalies. Our key idea is to use a Bloom filter array (BFA) to trade-off a small amount of accuracy in feature extraction, for much less space and time complexity, so that our data structure can catch up with a line rate in the order of Gb/second. Different from the existing work, our data structure has the following properties: (1) it dynamic Bloom filter, (2) combination of a it sliding window with Bloom filter, and (3) using an insertion–removal pair to enhance Bloom filter with a removal operation. Our analysis and simulation demonstrate that the proposed data structure has a better space/time trade-off than conventional algorithms. For example, for a fixed time complexity, the conventional algorithm (i.e., hash table [1—8]) requires a memory of 1.01 Gbits while our data structure requires a memory of only 62.9 Mbits, at the cost of losing 1% accuracy in feature extraction. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Career decision-making difficulties of British and Chinese international university students

ABSTRACT This study explored cultural and gender differences in career decision-making difficulties (CDMD) experienced by 109 British and 86 Chinese international university students, and the impact of cross-cultural adjustment on the CDMD of Chinese international students. Results showed no significant cultural differences in overall CDMD, and that the cross-cultural adjustment of Chinese participants was not correlated with their difficulty in career decision-making. Significant cultural differences on the sub-categories of the Career Decision-making Difficulties Questionnaire (e.g. Chinese participants were significantly less ready than British participants to make career decisions) and some significant gender differences (e.g. male participants generally experienced fewer difficulties than female participants in career decision-making) were identified. Age and degree level were negatively related to the level of difficulty the participants experienced in career decision-making. Implications for career counselling and future research directions are discussed.
Behavioral contingencies determine changes in drug‐induced neurotransmitter turnover

Evidence from several research areas suggests that response‐dependent and independent presentation of environmental events have different neurobiological consequences. Investigations of neurotransmitter turnover rates and cholinergic muscarinic receptor densities in brain regions of rats receiving contingent and noncontingent intravenous morphineresulted in the identification of two neuronal networks that are involved in response dependent morphine presentation. These circuits are concordant with brain regions showing increased glucose utilization in animals receiving response‐dependent electrical stimulation of either the substantia nigra or ventral tegmental area. These data indicate substantial differences between contingent and noncontingent presentation of environmental events and suggest that neurobiological investigations of reinforcement that use response independent delivery of a putative reinforcer must be interpreted with some caution.
Slaying the Dragon: The Use of Male/Female Co-Therapists for Adult Survivor Group Therapy.

Controversy exists whether survivors of childhood sexual abuse are better served in group treatment by therapists who share their gender. The experience of a male/female co-therapy team is described working with single gender groups of males and females. The themes discussed in therapy directly impacted by therapist gender included initial joining, trust, anger, sexuality, and competence. The process of the therapists working as a mixed gender team is also addressed. The authors conclude that mixed gender cotherapy has a definite role in the treatment of adults sexually victimized as children.
Asset Returns in an Endogenous Growth Model with Incomplete Markets

This paper studies the testable implications of consumption-based asset pricing models with incomplete markets when idiosyncratic income shocks are permanent and not lognormally distributed. It is shown that the theory places no testable restrictions (beyond absence of arbitrage) on either the macroeconomic data or the first N moments of the cross-sectional distribution of consumption (income) growth. More precisely, this paper shows that any "observed" joint process of aggregate consumption, arbitrage-free asset returns, and N moments of the cross-sectional distribution of consumption growth is an equilibrium outcome for some incomplete-markets economy (some pure discount factor and process of individual income). The proof is based on the construction of a personal-disaster process (process of extreme idiosyncratic events) which allows for arbitrary variations in idiosyncratic risk without affecting the first N moments of the cross-sectional distribution of consumption growth.
What Price Smalltalk?

In anticipation of the promise of tremendous hardware advances, software researchers have fashioned expansive programming environments to improve programmer productivity. Even with the march of technology, exploratory programming environments such as Smalltalk-80 require such expensive computers that few programmers can afford them. With the hope of increasing that community, a research project at the University of California created a reduced instruction set computer for Smalltalk called SOAR, which stands for Smalltalk on a RISC. The authors are now able to estimate the performance implications of the Smalltalk-80 programming environment. In the next section the authors list the demands that Smalltalk-80 places on traditional computer systems, then present software and hardware ideas that answer those demands.
Toucher affectif et estime de soi des personnes âgées

L’hopital est un milieu qui accueille les personnes âgees et dans lequel ces dernieres ont a faire des apprentissages a un moment ou elles ne sont pas en pleine possession de toutes leurs capacites physiques, psychologiques et cognitives. Elles peuvent alors y vivre des situations humiliantes qui generent des sentiments d’inconfort, de gene et de honte. La presence d’intervenants peu chaleureux, manquant de compassion et empreints de prejuges negatifs envers les personnes âgees, est un autre facteur qui s’ajoute pour les amener a ne pas se sentir a l’aise, entrainant, entre autres consequences, une baisse de leur estime de soi. Or, le toucher affectif est une strategie qui aurait le potentiel d’agir sur la valeur personnelle des personnes âgees et d’ameliorer ainsi leur estime de soi. C’est dans la perspective de vulgariser l’utilisation du toucher affectif dans la pratique infirmiere qu’une etude a ete realisee afin de verifier ses effets sur l’estime de soi des personnes âgees. Les resultats obtenus confirment que le toucher affectif influence positivement l’estime de soi des personnes âgees. Les auteurs de l’etude recommandent donc la systematisation du toucher affectif dans la pratique infirmiere.
Smooth is better than sharp: a random mobility model for simulation of wireless networks

This paper presents an enhanced random mobility model for simulation-based studies of wireless networks. Our approach makes the movement trace of individual mobile stations more realistic than common approaches for random movement. After giving a survey of mobility models found in the literature, we give a detailed mathematical formulation of our model and outline its advantages. The movement concept is based on random processes for speed and direction control in which the new values are correlated to previous ones. Upon a speed change event, a new target speed is chosen, and an acceleration is set to achieve this target speed. The principles for a direction change are similar. Moreover, we propose two extensions for modeling typical movement patterns of vehicles. Finally, we consider strategies for the nodes' border behavior (i.e., what happens when nodes move out of the simulation area) and point out a pitfall that occurs when using a bounded simulation area.
MASSPA-Modeller: A Spatial Stochastic Process Algebra modelling tool

We introduce MASSPA–Modeller, a visual modelling tool for the recently developed spatial stochastic process algebra MASSPA which describes Markovian Agent Models (MAM)s. The major advantage of using a visual editor to generate MASSPA models is that the laborious task of modelling the communication between agents is partially automated by the tool. Furthermore the tool can separately check the correctness of local and spatial aspects of the model and thereby help users to find mistakes. For the analysis of the resulting models MASSPA–Modeller uses the powerful GPA–analyser engine. Additionally we briefly summarise the latest developments in spatial stochastic process algebras.
Activation of an imprinted Igf 2 gene in mouse somatic cell cultures

The mouse insulin-like growth factor II gene (Igf 2), located on distal chromosome 7, is parentally imprinted such that the paternal allele is expressed while the maternal allele is transcriptionally silent. We derived a cell line from a mouse embryo maternally disomic and paternally deficient for distal chromosome 7 (MatDi7) to determine the stability of gene repression in culture. MatDi7 cells maintained Igf2 in a repressed state even after immortalization, except for one randomly picked clone which spontaneously expressed the gene. Igf 2 was expressed in a cell culture derived from a normal littermate; this expression was growth regulated, with Igf 2 mRNA levels increasing in the stationary phase of growth. Analysis of the methylation status of 28 sites distributed over 10 kb of the gene did not show consistent differences associated with expression level in the normal and MatDi7 cell lines, and the CpG island in the Igf 2 promoter remained unmethylated in all of the cell lines. Only with an oncogenically transformed cell line did the promoter become extensively methylated. We attempted to derepress the imprinted gene in MatDi7 cells by treatments known to alter gene expression. Expression of the Igf 2 allele in MatDi7 cells was increased in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine or bromodeoxyuridine, agents known to change DNA methylation patterns or chromatin conformation. Treatment of the cells with 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, 2'-deoxycytidine, calcium ionophore, heat shock, cold shock, or sodium butyrate did not result in increases in the levels of Igf 2 expression. It seems likely that the mechanism of the Igf 2 imprint involves subtle changes in the methylation or chromatin conformation of the gene which are affected by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and bromodeoxyuridine.
StructMAn: annotation of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the structural context

The next generation sequencing technologies produce unprecedented amounts of data on the genetic sequence of individual organisms. These sequences carry a substantial amount of variation that may or may be not related to a phenotype. Phenotypically important part of this variation often comes in form of protein-sequence altering (non-synonymous) single nucleotide variants (nsSNVs). Here we present StructMAn, a Web-based tool for annotation of human and non-human nsSNVs in the structural context. StructMAn analyzes the spatial location of the amino acid residue corresponding to nsSNVs in the three-dimensional (3D) protein structure relative to other proteins, nucleic acids and low molecular-weight ligands. We make use of all experimentally available 3D structures of query proteins, and also, unlike other tools in the field, of structures of proteins with detectable sequence identity to them. This allows us to provide a structural context for around 20% of all nsSNVs in a typical human sequencing sample, for up to 60% of nsSNVs in genes related to human diseases and for around 35% of nsSNVs in a typical bacterial sample. Each nsSNV can be visualized and inspected by the user in the corresponding 3D structure of a protein or protein complex. The StructMAn server is available at http://structman.mpi-inf.mpg. de.
An evaluation of structural parameters for probabilistic reasoning: Results on benchmark circuits

Many algorithms for processing probabilistic networks are dependent on the topological properties of the problem's structure. Such algorithms (e.g., clustering, conditioning) are effective only if the problem has a sparse graph captured by parameters such as tree width and cycle-outset size. In this paper we initiate a study to determine the potential of structure-based algorithms in real-life applications. We analyze empirically the structural properties of problems coming from the circuit diagnosis domain. Specifically, we locate those properties that capture the effectiveness of clustering and conditioning as well as of a family of conditioning+clustering algorithms designed to gradually trade space for time. We perform our analysis on 11 benchmark circuits widely used in the testing community. We also report on the effect of ordering heuristics on tree-clustering and show that, on our benchmarks, the wellknown max-cardinality ordering is substantially inferior to an ordering called raindegree.
Metacognition, cultural psychological capital and motivational cultural intelligence

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the concept of cultural psychological capital, its impact on motivational cultural intelligence (CQ), the influence of motivational cultural intelligence on metacognitive awareness, and the moderating role of perspective taking on the relationship between motivational cultural intelligence and metacognition. Design/methodology/approach – Collected data from international management program alumni to test the hypotheses. Findings – The results show that cultural psychological capital has a positive relationship with motivational cultural intelligence, which in turn relates to metacognitive awareness, and perspective taking does not moderate the relationship between motivational cultural intelligence and metacognition. Research limitations/implications – The data were collected from a single source. The study supports broaden-and-build theory (Fredrickson, 2001) by demonstrating that cultural psychological capital has an important association with motivation.
The uncountable spectra of countable theories

Let T be a complete, flrst-order theory in a flnite or countable language having inflnite models. Let I(T;•) be the number of isomorphism types of models of T of cardinality •. We denote by „ (respectively ^ „) the number of cardinals (respectively inflnite cardinals) less than or equal to •.
An intelligent fuzzy-based recommendation system for consumer electronic products

Developing an intelligent recommendation system is a good way to overcome the problem of overloaded products information provided by the e-commerce enterprises. As there are a great number of products on the Internet, it is impossible to recommend all kinds of products in one system. We believe that the personalized recommendation system should be built up according to the special features of a certain sort of product, and forming professional recommendation systems for different products. In this paper, based on the consumer’s current needs obtained from the system-user interactions, we propose a fuzzybased system for consumer electronics to retrieve optimal products. Experimental results show the system is feasible and effective.
Gas1-induced growth suppression requires a transactivation-independent p53 function

In normal cells, induction of quiescence is accompanied by the increased expression of growth arrest-specific genes (gas). One of them, gas1, is regulated at the transcriptional level and codes for a membrane-associated protein (Gas1) which is down regulated during the G0-to-S phase transition in serum-stimulated cells. Gas1 is not expressed in growing or transformed cells, and when overexpressed in normal fibroblasts, it blocks the G0-to-S phase transition. Moreover, Gas1 blocks cell proliferation in several transformed cells with the exception of simian virus 40- or adenovirus-transformed cell lines. In this paper, we demonstrate that overexpression of Gas1 blocks cell proliferation in a p53-dependent manner and that the N-terminal domain-dependent transactivating function of p53 is dispensable for Gas1-induced growth arrest. These data therefore indicate that the other intrinsic transactivation-independent functions of p53, possibly related to regulation of apoptosis, should be involved in mediating Gas1-induced growth arrest.
Enhancing the recall of text: Knowledge mapping training promotes implicit transfer.

Spatial-semantic displays, such as knowledge maps, are becoming more prevalent in educational settings (D. F. Dansereau & D. Newbern, 1997). In particular, knowledge maps have been found to be effective communication aids and study devices. Although explicit use of these displays can be effective, it has not been clear whether or not experience with these displays improves the manner in which people interact with other information formats. These experiments were designed to investigate whether mapping training helped people learn from text when not explicitly using a mapping strategy. In Experiment 1, college students trained with knowledge maps recalled more macro level ideas from two text passages compared with participants who were not given the training. In Experiment 2, training facilitated recall of both macro- and micro-level ideas.
Polyprescription médicamenteuse et polypathologies chroniques : ce qu'en disent les médecins généralistes.

Dans un contexte de depenses de sante croissantes, de scandales pharmaceutiques, d’emergence de patients polypathologiques chroniques, la prescription des medecins generalistes est regulierement remise en cause. Mais la gestion au quotidien du patient polypathologique par ces praticiens est mal connue. Nous avons donc reunis 60 medecins generalistes, pendant une journee, pour, d’une part, reflechir sur leur pratique et, d’autre part, discuter en groupes de pairs autour de diagnostics et de prescriptions reelles de patients polypathologiques chroniques. Les resultats presentes ici montrent le reseau complexe qui se noue en arriere fond de la relation medecin-malade dans ce contexte. La conclusion est qu’il ne sera pas possible d’ameliorer la prise en charge de ces patients en ambulatoire sans une reorganisation majeure du systeme de soins et un changement culturel dans la cooperation entre professionnels de sante.
Automated layer segmentation of optical coherence tomography images

OCT images have now become a very popular topic in the field of image processing. By measuring the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, such diseases like glaucoma or cataract can be diagnosed. An automated boundary segmentation algorithm is proposed for fast and reliable quantification of six intra-retinal boundaries in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. The algorithm includes four steps. First of all, the image will be filtered by a bilateral filter which suppress the local image noise but keep the global image variation across the retinal layer boundary. Secondly, the image will be cut into several nonvessel sections according to the retinal blood vessels. Thirdly, segmentations in different layers based on gradient information are utilized. In the end, a shortest path search is applied to optimize the edge selection. The segmentation algorithm was validated with independent manual segmentation and demonstrates high accuracy and reproducibility in segmenting normal OCT volumes.
Should the Public Schools Be Entrusted with Preschool Education: A Critique of the AFT Proposals

-Any parent who has struggled with the bureaucracy to secure special services for a child 'just knows" that the schools cannot provide early child development services. -Any parent who has a creative child can tell you that the public schools are generally inflexible. -Anyone who has sought educational alternatives for children will tell you that a public school system is slow to accept change. -Everyone (at least everyone over 20) knows that parents only come to school for assemblies or if they've been called in to talk about their child's problem. -Everyone knows that school buildings are open when "school is open. " Where would anyone find a door unlocked at 6 A.M. (except for the high school football team practice! )? Hold a meeting in the school at night? Who would pay the custodian? Why then is the American Federation of Teachers (AFT), one of the most powerful unions in the country, recommending that the very programs which require special services, flexibility, long hours, and (most important) parent involvement-early childhood programsbe sponsored by the public schools? In the preface to a 1976 AFT task force report to state and local union leaders (Putting Early Childhood and Day Care Services into the Public Schools: The Position of the American Federation of Teachers and an Action Plan for Promoting It), Albert Shanker asserts that "the best way to insure quality programs and to clear away the confusion and overlap that result from multiple federal delivery" is to put all early childhood and day-care services in the public schools (p. i.)