Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are All Sources Equal? Examining the Roles of Aging and the Frontal Lobes on Multiple Types of Source Memory Using a Repeated-Measures Design

This paper reports a series of experiments designed to compare memory for multiple kinds of source information in young and older adults. The older adults in these studies were classified as having well or poorly functioning frontal lobes. In EXPERIMENTS 1-3, three different sources that provided independent cues to item information were examined using a repeated-measures design. In particular, participants’ memory for voice source information, spatial source information, and temporal source information was tested in separate blocks. The results indicated that the performance of both young and older adults depended upon the type of source tested: Voice source memory was superior to spatial source and temporal source memory, which did not differ. There was also an age effect that was mediated by frontal functioning. Only the low frontal older adults showed impairments in source memory. High frontal older adults were equivalent to young. In EXPERIMENT 4, sources that provided redundant cues to item information were investigated. Voice sources and spatial sources were perfectly matched during encoding such that Voice A always came from Location 1 and Voice B always came from Location 2. When sources provided redundant information in this manner, young and high frontal older adults improved their spatial source memory by making use of redundant voice information, whereas the low frontal older adults not only performed more poorly than both young and high frontal older adults, but were unable to benefit from the redundancy. No differences in item memory were found. The findings were interpreted in terms of the executive and working memory functions involved in the integration of various contextual elements of an experience with its content.
Universal lattice decoding: principle and recent advances

The idea of formulating the detection of a lattice-type modulation, such as M-PAM and M-QAM, transmitted over a linear channel as the so-called universal lattice decoding problem dates back to at least the early 1990s. The applications of such lattice decoders have proliferated in the last few years because of the growing importance of some linear channel models such as multiple-antenna fading channels and multi-user CDMA channels. The principle of universal lattice decoding can trace its roots back to the theory and algorithms developed for solving the shortest/closest lattice vector problem for integer programming and cryptoanalysis applications. In this semi-tutorial paper, such a principle as well as some related recent advances will be reviewed and extended. It will be shown that the lattice basis reduction algorithm of Lenstra, Lenstra and Lovasz (LLL) can significantly improve the performance of suboptimal lattice decoders such as the zero-forcing and VBLAST detectors. In addition, new implementation of the optimal lattice decoder that is particularly efficient at moderate signal-to-noise ratios will also be presented. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visual impairment among 10–14-year school children in Puducherry: A cross-sectional study

Introduction: According to the 2010 estimates by the World Health Organization, nearly 285 million (4.24% of total population) people of all ages worldwide are visually impaired. Almost 18.9 million children under 15 years of age are visually impaired globally. In developing countries, 7%–31% of childhood blindness and visual impairment is avoidable. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study among 1884 school students in Puducherry, in the age group of 10–14 years. A child with presenting maximum vision ≤6/12 Snellen equivalent in the better eye is considered visually impaired. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2013 and analyzed using the statistical software SPSS version 21.0. Chi-square test was applied for testing difference in proportion and a P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The overall prevalence of visual impairment (vision ≤6/12) among the study participants was 6.37% (95% confidence interval = 5.27–7.47). The prevalence of visual impairment increased with age and it was found to be high among male students (6.6%) when compared to female students (6%). Presenting vision of 6/6 was observed in 79.8% of the children while with pinhole correction, the proportion increased to 94.6%. Conclusion: The prevalence of visual impairment in our study population was found to be 6.37% and the prevalence was even higher among children who belonged to schools of urban region or private schools. Children with a positive family history of spectacle use were more likely to have visual impairment.
Digital image inpainting using Monte Carlo method

Image inpainting refers to the ill-posed problem of filling in the missing data in digital images by interpolating from the vicinity. It is shown in this paper how inpainting can be performed by means of random simulation of boundary integral, which we call the Monte Carlo method. Our method is computationally less taxing than the classical diffusion methods and yields a solution that may have strong edges.
Activated hepatic stellate cells mediate the differentiation of macrophages

Liver macrophages play integral roles in both the progression and resolution of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, comprising opposing functions that largely coincide with the activation state of nearby hepatic stellate cells (HSC). While cross‐talk between HSC and macrophages may be essential at various stages of inflammation and fibrogenesis, many facets of this interaction have yet to be thoroughly explored. Here, we examine the potential roles of HSC‐derived signaling molecules as mediators of liver macrophage differentiation.
Reconciling the Tensions of New Teachers' Socialisation into School Culture: A Review of the Research.

The study reviews the research from 1969 to 2005 describing pre-service candidates' transition from student teacher to professional educator during their socialisation into school culture. Despite the educational reforms in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia over the last three decades, this review argues that new teachers experience many of the same initial concerns that have been documented about beginning teachers for over 35 years. The paper also examines the core themes that emerged in each of the respective periods identified in the review, including: teachers' perceptions of self (1969 to mid 1980s); professional sustainability (mid 1980s to late 1990s); and emerging identity during the process of their socialisation into school culture (2000 to 2005). Based on this examination, the paper suggests that the tension between new teacher identity formation and socialisation into school culture can be reconciled by a post-industrial perspective of how individuals formulate concepts of self.
Gender Classification Using a Min-Max Modular Support Vector Machine with Incorporating Prior Knowledge

Gender classification based on facial images is a large-scale, complicated two-class classification problem by nature. The reason is that few knowledge is known about the mechanism of human beings discriminating male and female from facial images, and a large number of various facial images is required to train the gender classifier. This paper presents a method for dealing with the gender classification problem using min-max modular support vector machines. The main contributions of this work are twofold. One is that some explicit domain or prior knowledge concerning the problem to be solved can be easily incorporated into the procedure of dividing the gender classification problem into a series of relatively smaller and simpler two-class subproblems. The other is that the gender classification problem can be efficiently solved by using highperformance computers such as cluster computing systems. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, we perform some experiments on the CAS-PEAL face database, which contains 14,384 facial images of 1,040 individuals with different poses. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method has several attractive features. 1) Incorporation of domain or prior knowledge into decomposition of the gender classification problem can both speed up training and improve generalization performance. 2) The method is appreciably faster than the existing approaches that are based on conventional support vector machines and multi-layer perceptrons. 3) The method scale up to large-scale, complex gender classification problems. 4) The gender classifier implemented by the method has more powerful capability of incremental learning in comparison with the existing approaches.
La recepción de balón en niños con edades comprendidas entre los 3 y los 12 años / Ball reception skills in children between the ages of three and twelve

La finalidad de este estudio es analizar la recepcion estatica de balon en ninos/as con edades comprendidas entre los 3 y los 12 anos. Para ello disenaremos un modelo en fases sucesivas que hemos denominado VCAP. La muestra estuvo formada por 365 estudiantes (184 chicos y 181chicas) de un Colegio de Educacion Infantil y Primaria. Este modelo ha permitidoclasificar a los participantes en niveles de habilidad y ayuda a entender los procesos que operan. Tambien observamos niveles de habilidad en cada una de estas fases en la medida en que anticipan las fases siguientes y que son consistentes con los procesos madurativos de los ninos/as. Se han observado diferencias en funcion del genero y de la edad de los participantes. Finalmente se discuten los resultados y se proponen lineas de investigacion. PALABRAS CLAVE: Desarrollo motor, habilidades motrices, recepcion de moviles ABSTRACT The main goal of this study is to analyze the static reception of the ball in boys and girls between the ages of three and twelve. We designed a stages model that we termed VCAP. The sample was composed by 365 students (184 boys, and 181 girls) from an Elementary and Junior High School. This model allows the classification of the participants into levels of ability and it helps understand the operative processes. It can also be observed the leves of ability in each of these stages, the extent to which they predict the following phase and its consistency with the children’s developmental processes. Differences were observed in relation to the gender and the age of the participants. At the end we discuss the results and propose new lines of investigation. KEY WORDS : Motor development, motor skills, reception of mobiles.
Emotion Classification by Incremental Association Language Features

The Major Depressive Disorder has been a burden of medical expense in Taiwan as well as the situation around the world. Major Depressive Disorder can be defined into different categories by previous human activities. According to machine learning, we can classify emotion in correct textual language in advance. It can help medical diagnosis to recognize the variance in Major Depressive Disorder automatically. Association language incremental is the characteristic and relationship that can discovery words in sentence. There is an overlapping-category problem for classification. In this paper, we would like to improve the performance in classification in principle of no overlapping-category problems. We present an approach that to discovery words in sentence and it can find in high frequency in the same time and can't overlap in each category, called Association Language Features by its Category (ALFC). Experimental results show that ALFC distinguish well in Major Depressive Disorder and have better performance. We also compare the approach with baseline and mutual information that use single words alone or correlation measure.
Searching for a link between the magnetic nature and other observed properties of Herbig Ae/Be stars and stars with debris disks

Context. Recently, evidence for the presence of weak magnetic fields in Herbig Ae/Be stars has been found in several studies. Aims. We seek to expand the sample of intermediate-mass pre-main sequence stars with circular polarization data to measure their magnetic fields, and to determine whether magnetic field properties in these stars are correlated with mass-accretion rate, disk inclination, companions, silicates, PAHs, or show a correlation with age and X-ray emission as expected for the decay of a remnant dynamo. Methods. Spectropolarimetric observations of 21 Herbig Ae/Be stars and six debris disk stars have been obtained at the European Southern Observatory with FORS 1 mounted on the 8 m Kueyen telescope of the VLT. With the GRISM 600B in the wavelength range 3250–6215 A we were able to cover all hydrogen Balmer lines from Hβ to the Balmer jump. In all observations a slit width of 0. �� 4 was used to obtain a spectral resolving power of R ≈ 2000. Results. Among the 21 Herbig Ae/Be stars studied, new detections of a magnetic field were achieved in six stars. For three Herbig Ae/Be stars, we confirm previous magnetic field detections. The largest longitudinal magnetic field, � Bz� = −454 ± 42 G, was detected in the Herbig Ae/Be star HD 101412 using hydrogen lines. No field detection at a significance level of 3σ was achieved in stars with debris disks. Our study does not indicate any correlation of the strength of the longitudinal magnetic field with disk orientation, disk geometry, or the presence of a companion. We also do not see any simple dependence on the mass-accretion rate. However, it is likely that the range of observed field values qualitatively supports the expectations from magnetospheric accretion models giving support for dipole-like field geometries. Both the magnetic field strength and the X-ray emission show hints of a decline with age in the range of ∼2–14 Myr probed by our sample, supporting a dynamo mechanism that decays with age. However, our study of rotation does not show any obvious trend of the strength of the longitudinal magnetic field with rotation period. Furthermore, the stars seem to obey the universal power-law relation between magnetic flux and X-ray luminosity established for the Sun and main-sequence active dwarf stars.
Probing Episodic Accretion in Very Low Luminosity Objects

Episodic accretion has been proposed as a solution to the long-standing luminosity problem in star formation; however, the process remains poorly understood. We present observations of line emission from N2H+ and CO isotopologues using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in the envelopes of eight very low luminosity objects (VeLLOs). In five of the sources the spatial distribution of emission from N2H+ and CO isotopologues shows a clear anticorrelation. It is proposed that this is tracing the CO snow line in the envelopes: N2H+ emission is depleted toward the center of these sources, in contrast to the CO isotopologue emission, which exhibits a peak. The positions of the CO snow lines traced by the N2H+ emission are located at much larger radii than those calculated using the current luminosities of the central sources. This implies that these five sources have experienced a recent accretion burst because the CO snow line would have been pushed outward during the burst because of the increased luminosity of the central star. The N2H+ and CO isotopologue emission from DCE161, one of the other three sources, is most likely tracing a transition disk at a later evolutionary stage. Excluding DCE161, five out of seven sources (i.e., ∼70%) show signatures of a recent accretion burst. This fraction is larger than that of the Class 0/I sources studied by Jørgensen et al. and Frimann et al., suggesting that the interval between accretion episodes in VeLLOs is shorter than that in Class 0/I sources.
Friends or Foes: Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Multifaceted Roles in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neurodegeneration is a chronic progressive loss of neuronal cells leading to deterioration of central nervous system (CNS) functionality. It has been shown that neuroinflammation precedes neurodegeneration in various neurodegenerative diseases. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a protein family of zinc-containing endopeptidases, are essential in (neuro)inflammation and might be involved in neurodegeneration. Although MMPs are indispensable for physiological development and functioning of the organism, they are often referred to as double-edged swords due to their ability to also inflict substantial damage in various pathological conditions. MMP activity is strictly controlled, and its dysregulation leads to a variety of pathologies. Investigation of their potential use as therapeutic targets requires a better understanding of their contributions to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review MMPs and their roles in neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). We also discuss MMP inhibition as a possible therapeutic strategy to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
A programmable axonal propagation delay circuit for time-delay spiking neural networks

We present an implementation of a programmable axonal propagation delay circuit which uses one first-order log-domain low-pass filter. Delays may be programmed in the 5–50ms range. It is designed to be a building block for time-delay spiking neural networks. It consists of a leaky-integrate-and-fire core, a spike generator circuit, and a delay adaptation circuit.
The SBASE domain library: a collection of annotated protein segments.

SBASE is a database of annotated protein domain sequences representing various structural, functional, ligand binding and topogenic segments of proteins. The current release of SBASE contains 27,211 entries which are provided with standardized names in order to facilitate retrieval. SBASE is cross-referenced to the major protein and nucleic acid databanks as well as to the PROSITE catalog of protein sequence patterns [Bairoch, A. (1992) Nucleic Acids Res., 20, Suppl., 2013-2118]. SBASE can be used to establish domain homologies through database search using programs such as FASTA [Lipman and Pearson (1985) Science, 227, 1436-1441], FASTDB [Brutlag et al. (1990) Comp. Appl. Biosci. , 6, 237-245] or BLAST3 [Altschul and Lipman (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87, 5509-5513], which is especially useful in the case of loosely defined domain types for which efficient consensus patterns cannot be established. The use of SBASE is illustrated on the DNA binding protein Brain-4. The database and a set of search and retrieval tools are freely available on request to the authors or by anonymous 'ftp' file transfer from < ftp.icgeb. trieste.it >.
Access to Historical Newspapers

Newspapers are rich records of U.S. history. Due to the deterioration of older newspapers, the National Endowment for the Humanities is archiving 19th century newspapers on microfilm. Although microfilm is a good preservation method, it provides limited access to researchers and the general public. We are building a system to provide universal access to digital images and full-text content of historical newspapers. The system has three main components: (a) An Optical Character Recognition (OCR) module that converts digitized images into searchable text and identifies regions. (b) An Information Retrieval module that applies linguistic information to aid in segmentation, indexing, and retrieval of the noisy OCR’d text. (c) A User Interface module that allows historians and educators to query and view retrieved documents. Thus far, we have developed two OCR techniques targeted to processing historical newspapers and we have built a user interface to search the OCR output and superimpose matches on a page image from the newspaper. This research was funded in part by the Department of Defense and the Army Research Laboratory under Contract MDA 9049-6C-1250.
Evidence for a Mechanism of Repression of Heat Shock Factor 1 Transcriptional Activity by a Multichaperone Complex*

In the absence of stress, human heat shock factor 1 (hHSF1) is in its unactivated form. hHSF1 polypeptide is in a dynamic heterocomplex with Hsp90 and is incapable of specifically binding DNA. When cells are stressed, heterocomplex assembly is disrupted. Unbound hHSF1 homotrimerizes, acquires DNA binding activity, and concentrates in the nucleus, but remains transcriptionally inactive. A subsequent reaction converts this inactive, trimeric form into the active, hyperphosphorylated transcription factor. Subsequent to the stressful event, hHSF1 is deactivated and eventually returned to its unactivated form. Evidence is presented herein that trimeric hHSF1 has the propensity to dynamically associate with an Hsp90-immunophilin-p23 complex through its regulatory domain. Formation of this heterocomplex results in repression of the transcriptional activity of trimeric hHSF1. Stress-denatured proteins effectively compete with trimeric hHSF1 for Hsp90-immunophilin-p23 complex, counteracting assembly of the heterocomplex and repression of hHSF1 transcriptional activity. This repression mechanism may be required for a proportional transcriptional response to stress. Formation of the heterocomplex may also represent the first step toward returning the hHSF1 to its unactivated form.
The effects of a hearing education program on recreational noise exposure, attitudes and beliefs toward noise, hearing loss, and hearing protector devices in young adults

Excessive recreational noise exposure in young adults might result in noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and tinnitus. Inducing behavioral change in young adults is one of the aims of a hearing conservation program (HCP). The goal of the current study was to evaluate the effect of a hearing education program after 6 months in young adults in relation to knowledge regarding their individual hearing status. The results of a questionnaire regarding the weekly equivalent recreational noise exposure, attitudes and beliefs toward noise, and hearing loss and hearing protector devices (HPDs) were compared between both sessions. Seventy-eight young adults completed the questionnaire concerning recreational noise exposure, youth attitude to noise scale (YANS), and beliefs about hearing protection and hearing loss (BAHPHL). Their hearing status was evaluated based on admittance measures, audiometry, transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs), and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). The main analysis consisted of a mixed model analysis of variance with dependent variables of either the noise exposure or the scores on (subscales of) YANS and BAHPHL. The independent variables were hearing status and session one versus session two. There was a significant decrease in recreational noise exposure and several (sub) scales of YANS and BAHPHL between both the sessions. This behavioral change resulted in a more frequent use of HPDs in 12% of the participants. However, the behavioral change was not completely related to the knowledge of young adults′ individual hearing status. To prevent hearing damage in young people, investing in HCPs is necessary, apart from regulating sound levels and its compliance at various leisure-time activities. Also, the long-term effect of HCPs and their most cost-efficient repetition rates should be further investigated.