Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Tax and Transfer Systems on Children in the European Union

The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of fiscal policy on the economic resources available to children, and on the child poverty rate. A static microsimulation model specifically designed for the purposes of comparative fiscal analysis in the European Union, EUROMOD, is used to study the age incidence of government taxes and transfers in 2001 in 15 EU countries. Three related questions are addressed. First, what priorities are currently embodied in government budgets across age groups, and in particular to what degree do cash transfer and tax systems benefit children relative to older groups? Second, what fractions of the needs of children are supported by elements of the tax and transfer systems directed explicitly to them? And third, what impact do measures of public resources for children have on child poverty rates?
Multi-class autonomous vehicles for mobility-on-demand service

Mobility-on-Demand (MoD) services can be enhanced through use of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) to reduce manpower costs (among other benefits), and use of multiple classes of vehicles to expand service coverage and accessibility. This work presents a functional proof of concept MoD system accessible via mobile phone to utilize three classes of vehicles in combination: a road car, buggy, and mobility scooter. A common software architecture and primary sensor suite allows for flexible replication to additional vehicles regardless of vehicle model or even class type. Benefits of using these three classes in a combined service are discussed, and details are provided concerning the unique aspects of the conversion and systems integration for each vehicle. Various safety features are implemented to ensure safe user interaction with all AVs. The complete MoD system is tested in uncontrolled pedestrian environments as well as on road with real vehicular traffic.
Alexitimia, familia y trastornos alimentarios

Title: Alexithymia, family and eating disorders. Abstract: Objective: to contrast the differences in the level of TAS-20 among families with a daughter with eating disorders (ED) and a control group. Method: 64 women with (ED) (according to criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, IV edition, (Ameri- can Psychiatric Association, 1994)). (26 with restrictive anorexia nervosa (RAN), 14 with bulimic anorexia nervosa (AN-BN) and 29 with bulimia nervosa (BN), and a control group, 55 women and their parents, with similar sociode- mographic characteristic were evaluated with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the Eating Attitude Test (EAT). Results: The daughters with ED, and their parents, present bigger scores in the TAS-20. the daughter's Alexithymia is associated to this their parents. Discussion: the Alexithymia could be a characteristic of families with a ED, but we can not to affirm if is a trait or a state due to the ED.
Activation Tagging in Tomato Identifies a Transcriptional Regulator of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis, Modification, and Transport Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.012963.

We have developed a high-throughput T-DNA insertional mutagenesis program in tomato using activation tagging to identify genes that regulate metabolic pathways. One of the activation-tagged insertion lines (ant1) showed intense purple pigmentation from the very early stage of shoot formation in culture, reflecting activation of the biosynthetic pathway leading to anthocyanin accumulation. The purple coloration resulted from the overexpression of a gene that encodes a MYB transcription factor. Vegetative tissues of ant1 plants displayed intense purple color, and the fruit showed purple spotting on the epidermis and pericarp. The gene-to-trait relationship of ant1 was confirmed by the overexpression of ANT1 in transgenic tomato and in tobacco under the control of a constitutive promoter. Suppression subtractive hybridization and RNA hybridization analysis of the purple tomato plants indicated that the overexpression of ANT1 caused the upregulation of genes that encode proteins in both the early and later steps of anthocyanidin biosynthesis as well as genes involved in the glycosylation and transport of anthocyanins into the vacuole.
Climate change causing starvation in harbour porpoises?

Recently, [MacLeod et al . (2007)][1] analysed data from harbour porpoises ( Phocoena phocoena ) stranded on Scottish North Sea coasts in March–May of 1993–2003. Comparing 2002–2003 data against baseline data from previous years, they suggest that reductions in sandeel prey have increased the
Automatic speed reference generator for electric vehicles with induction motors under slip constraints

An innovative cruise control algorithm for electric vehicles (trains, cars) powered by induction motors has been recently proposed in [12]. It achieves vehicle speed regulation to a given constant reference by incorporating a suitable rotor speed generator into a highly efficient adaptive indirect field oriented control. The aim of this paper is to solve an analogous regulation problem in which automatic, feedback-based variations in the vehicle speed reference are required to be on-line performed by the control algorithm in order to take into account constraints on the tire longitudinal slip. CarSim simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in performing challenging manoeuvres, even in the presence of complex vehicle dynamics that have been neglected in the control design steps.
AGGRESSIVE INTRACRANIAL DURAL ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA PRESENTING WITH CEREBROSPINAL FLUID RHINORRHEA: CASE REPORT

OBJECTIVEThis is the first report of an aggressive dural arteriovenous fistula presenting with rhinorrhea. It demonstrates the importance of recognizing increased intracranial pressure, and its underlying cause, as the predisposing factor to a spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak because this carries implications for management. CLINICAL PRESENTATIONTen years after minor trauma and directly after an intercontinental flight, a 43-year-old woman presented with rhinorrhea. Right-sided pulsatile tinnitus had been present for the past 9 years. Imaging demonstrated an intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula of the right transverse sinus with cortical venous reflux. Magnetic resonance imaging findings indicated long-standing increased intracranial pressure. INTERVENTIONThe fistula was treated by endovascular means, using both transvenous and transarterial approaches, which led to immediate relief of the tinnitus and resolution of the rhinorrhea within 4 days. CONCLUSIONA dural arteriovenous fistula should be included in the differential diagnosis of underlying causes of increased intracranial pressure when examining a patient with a cerebrospinal fluid leak. Treatment of the fistula should precede attempts to treat the rhinorrhea, especially if the fistula has cortical venous reflux.
Advances in the Management of Treatment-Resistant Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety disorders are among the most common and disabling mental illnesses. While effective treatments exist, many patients—possibly even 50–60%—remain symptomatic despite first-line treatments. With the exception of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), there are generally no universal definitions of treatment resistance and many treatments (both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic) have not been tested specifically in refractory cases. This article reviews the evidence for possible medication, psychotherapy, brain stimulation, and neurosurgical approaches—including some promising novel treatments—for managing treatment-resistant anxiety.
Localization of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) Granule-Associated Proteins during PHB Granule Formation and Identification of Two New Phasins, PhaP6 and PhaP7, in Ralstonia eutropha H16

ABSTRACT Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) granules are covered by a surface layer consisting of mainly phasins and other PHB granule-associated proteins (PGAPs). Phasins are small amphiphilic proteins that determine the number and size of accumulated PHB granules. Five phasin proteins (PhaP1 to PhaP5) are known for Ralstonia eutropha. In this study, we identified three additional potential phasin genes (H16_B1988, H16_B2296, and H16_B2326) by inspection of the R. eutropha genome for sequences with “phasin 2 motifs. ” To determine whether the corresponding proteins represent true PGAPs, fusions with eYFP (enhanced yellow fluorescent protein) were constructed. Similar fusions of eYFP with PhaP1 to PhaP5 as well as fusions with PHB synthase (PhaC1), an inactive PhaC1 variant (PhaC1-C319A), and PhaC2 were also made. All fusions were investigated in wild-type and PHB-negative backgrounds. Colocalization with PHB granules was found for all PhaC variants and for PhaP1 to PhaP5. Additionally, eYFP fusions with H16_B1988 and H16_B2326 colocalized with PHB. Fusions of H16_B2296 with eYFP, however, did not colocalize with PHB granules but did colocalize with the nucleoid region. Notably, all fusions (except H16_B2296) were soluble in a ΔphaC1 strain. These data confirm that H16_B1988 and H16_B2326 but not H16_B2296 encode true PGAPs, for which we propose the designation PhaP6 (H16_B1988) and PhaP7 (H16_B2326). When localization of phasins was investigated at different stages of PHB accumulation, fusions of PhaP6 and PhaP7 were soluble in the first 3 h under PHB-permissive conditions, although PHB granules appeared after 10 min. At later time points, the fusions colocalized with PHB. Remarkably, PHB granules of strains expressing eYFP fusions with PhaP5, PhaP6, or PhaP7 localized predominantly near the cell poles or in the area of future septum formation. This phenomenon was not observed for the other PGAPs (PhaP1 to PhaP4, PhaC1, PhaC1-C319A, and PhaC2) and indicated that some phasins can have additional functions. A chromosomal deletion of phaP6 or phaP7 had no visible effect on formation of PHB granules.
Effects of therapeutic Tai chi on functional fitness and activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson disease

The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of therapeutic Tai chi (TTC) on the functional fitness status and activities of daily living (ADL) of patients with Parkinson disease (PD). The participants were clinically stable PDs in Hoehn and Yahr stage 1–2. These patients were randomly assigned to either the TTC group (n=11) or the control (CON) group (n=9). The TTC exercised at the clinic 2 times a week and performed home-based activity 1 time per week for 12 weeks. All the PDs were evaluated for functional fitness test and ADL screen before and after the 12-week trial. There was a significant Time × group interaction effect on the arm curl (P<0.01), functional reach (P<0.05), and stand on foot with eyes opened (P<0.05) of the functional fitness as compared to the CON. The results of the functional reach test in the CON worsened significantly during the 12-week intervention in comparison with those of the TTC (P<0.01). Also ADL showed significant changed in TCC (P<0.05). Tai chi training showed good effects on the functional fitness in PDs. This study suggests that further research into the based such as Tai chi intervention must be developed PD’s quality of life in the future.
Formal Modeling and Analysis of Wireless Sensor Network Algorithms in Real-Time Maude ( Invited Paper )

Advanced wireless sensor network algorithms pose challenges to their formal modeling and analysis, such as mo deling probabilistic and real-time behaviors and novel forms of communication, and analyzing both correctness and performanc e. In this paper, we propose using Real-Time Maude to formally model, simulate, and further analyze such algorithms. The RealTime Maude formalism is expressive yet intuitive, and the tol provides a spectrum of analysis methods, including simulat ion, reachability analysis, and temporal logic model checking. We have used Real-Time Maude to analyze the sophisticated OGDC algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a formal tool has been applied to such a complex wireless sensor network algorithm. We have modeled the OGDC algorithm in Real-Time Maude at a suitable level of abstract ion, and could perform all the analyses performed by the OGDC developers using the simulation tool ns-2, as well as furthe r analyses which are beyond the capabilities of simulation to ols. Furthermore, we believe that modeling and simulating the OGDC algorithm in Real-Time Maude require significantly less effort than implementing it on a simulation tool. This paper shows how typical features of wireless sensor networks can be modeled in Real-Time Maude, and briefly summarizes our modeling and analysis of the OGDC algorithm.
Structuring Effective Worked Examples

Under some conditions, substituting worked examples for problems or exercises enhances learning and subsequent problem solving. Under other conditions, worked examples are no more effective, and possibly less effective, than solving problems. Using cognitive load theory, we hypothesize that the critical factors for enhanced learning are whether the worked examples can direct attention appropriately and reduce cognitive load. It is suggested that worked examples requiring students to mentally integrate multiple sources of information are not effective because they fail with respect to both of these factors. The results of five experiments using geometric optics and kinematics under classroom conditions provided evidence for these hypotheses. Worked examples, formatted to reduce the need for students to mentally integrate multiple sources of information, resulted in test performance superior to either conventional problems or to worked examples requiring students to split their attention between, for exampl.
Calculation of electronic coupling matrix elements for ground and excited state electron transfer reactions: Comparison of the generalized Mulliken-Hush and block diagonalization methods

Two independent methods are presented for the nonperturbative calculation of the electronic coupling matrix element (Hab) for electron transfer reactions using ab initio electronic structure theory. The first is based on the generalized Mulliken–Hush (GMH) model, a multistate generalization of the Mulliken Hush formalism for the electronic coupling. The second is based on the block diagonalization (BD) approach of Cederbaum, Domcke, and co-workers. Detailed quantitative comparisons of the two methods are carried out based on results for (a) several states of the system Zn2OH2+ and (b) the low-lying states of the benzene–Cl atom complex and its contact ion pair. Generally good agreement between the two methods is obtained over a range of geometries. Either method can be applied at an arbitrary nuclear geometry and, as a result, may be used to test the validity of the Condon approximation. Examples of nonmonotonic behavior of the electronic coupling as a function of nuclear coordinates are observed for Zn2O.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: the potential to immunise against infection

Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains a serious pathogen for specific cohorts of patients where chronic infection is a poor prognostic indicator, such as those with cystic fibrosis, burn wounds or those who are immunocompromised. Significant disease burden is associated with a diverse spectrum of both nosocomial and community-acquired infections. To date, vaccines against P. aeruginosa have shown limited and often conflicting efficacy data, especially against heterologous strains, which are increasingly identified as co-colonisers of biofilms. While few studies have gone beyond Phase II clinical trials, a particular concern is the ability of P. aeruginosa to evade the immune system while provoking an immune response that contributes to the destructive nature of infection. Therefore, vaccine development needs to focus on preventing attachment and colonisation, as well as preventing conversion to a mucoid phenotype that is characteristic of the chronic condition that promotes pathology.
Cultural capital and agency: connecting critique and curriculum in higher education

This paper explores some of the unresolved tensions in higher education systems and the contradiction between widening participation and the consolidation of social position. It shows how concepts of capital derived from Bourdieu, Coleman and Putnam provide a powerful basis for critique, but risk a deficit view of students from less privileged backgrounds. These students are more likely to attend lower‐status institutions and engage with an externally focused curriculum. The paper argues for greater attention to agency, and community and familial capital, in conceptualising the resilience of those from less privileged backgrounds. While the recognition of ‘voice’ is important, a curriculum that acknowledges the context independence of knowledge is essential if these students are not to be further disadvantaged.
New tools and series for forward and inverse scattering problems in lossy media

A convenient rewriting of the pertinent integral equation is exploited to introduce a new model for two-dimensional electromagnetic scattering by dielectric objects in lossy media. Exploiting this latter, a new series expansion is introduced to solve the forward problem accurately and effectively. The first term of such a series coincides, in particular situations, with the well-known extended Born approximation. Theoretical tools and results are given on the range of applicability and rate of convergence of the series, which favorably compares with the traditional Born one. These tools allow noticing that the new model exhibits a lower "degree of nonlinearity" with respect to parameters embedding dielectric characteristics as compared to the traditional model, thus suggesting its exploitation in the solution of the inverse problem. Numerical examples assessing effectiveness and convenience of the proposed models, tools and inversion methods are presented.
Influence at Work: A 25-Year Program of Research

Organization of any kind, from prehistorichunting societies to companies working through theworldwide web, operate with a distribution of influenceand power among their members. This distribution of influence has consequences at three levels: forthe people working in the organization, for theorganization itself, and, from time to time, for membersof society outside the organization. A series of action- and policy-oriented projects on thedistribution of influence were developed by or incollaboration with the Centre for Decision MakingStudies of The Tavistock Institute over a quarter of acentury. They started with a seven-country comparativeresearch on top management decision making, followed bytwo 12-country studies on Industrial Democracy and a5-year longitudinal program in seven companies in three countries. These and two longitudinalprojects in Britian, one on a motor car manufacturer andthe other on an airport, used a similar conceptualframework. The article draws on the evidence from this program of work, describes the evolvingtheoretical model and concludes that organizationalinfluence sharing appears to have made only limitedprogress during the last 50 years. Four explanations are put forward: overidealistic expectations;a tendency to ignore the need for certain necessaryantecedents, like competence; a tendency to act as ifinfluence sharing is not subject to contingencies like the nature of tasks; and probably mostimportantly, the almost universal tendency to designinfluence sharing measures through uncoordinatedmechanistic social engineering.
Geographic Random Forwarding (GeRaF) for Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks: Energy and Latency Performance

In this paper, we study a novel forwarding technique based on geographical location of the nodes involved and random selection of the relaying node via contention among receivers. We provide a detailed description of a MAC scheme based on these concepts and on collision avoidance and report on its energy and latency performance. A simplified analysis is given first, some relevant trade offs are highlighted, and parameter optimization is pursued. Further, a semi-Markov model is developed which provides a more accurate performance evaluation. Simulation results supporting the validity of our analytical approach are also provided.
Mucoadhesive films as perspective oral dosage form.

UNLABELLED Mucoadhesion is a specific phenomenon of creating bonds during intimate contact between biological surfaces covered by a mucus layer and a mucoadhesive material. In recent years come to the forefront of interest in the pharmaceutical industry modern dosage forms based on this specific process. Films (discs, patches) composed of mucoadhesive polymers (cellulose derivatives, polyacrylates, polyoxyethylene, etc.) prepared by established methods (solvent casting, hot melt extrusion, etc.) could be perspective candidates for oral administration of many drugs due to their flexibility and comfortable use. In addition, they can circumvent the relatively short residence time of conventional oral dosage forms on the mucosa and provide a precisely measured drug dose to the application site. Moreover, they can also help to protect the wound surface, thus help to reduce pain and improve effectiveness of the therapy. The aim of this article is to give an overview about the principles of creation of mucoadhesive bonds and about novel dosage form - mucoadhesive films in terms of their composition, preparation and practical usage. KEYWORDS oral mucosa mucoadhesion principles mucoadhesive dosage forms films patches discs.
Generalized scale independence through incremental precomputation

Developers of rapidly growing applications must be able to anticipate potential scalability problems before they cause performance issues in production environments. A new type of data independence, called scale independence, seeks to address this challenge by guaranteeing a bounded amount of work is required to execute all queries in an application, independent of the size of the underlying data. While optimization strategies have been developed to provide these guarantees for the class of queries that are scale-independent when executed using simple indexes, there are important queries for which such techniques are insufficient. Executing these more complex queries scale-independently requires precomputation using incrementally-maintained materialized views. However, since this precomputation effectively shifts some of the query processing burden from execution time to insertion time, a scale-independent system must be careful to ensure that storage and maintenance costs do not threaten scalability. In this paper, we describe a scale-independent view selection and maintenance system, which uses novel static analysis techniques that ensure that created views do not themselves become scaling bottlenecks. Finally, we present an empirical analysis that includes all the queries from the TPC-W benchmark and validates our implementation's ability to maintain nearly constant high-quantile query and update latency even as an application scales to hundreds of machines.