Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple neurovascular variations in the upper limb â a rare case report

Variation in the nerves and vessels of upper limb are not uncommon, but the presence of such multiple variations in a same case is very rare. Here we report a rare case with multiple variations in left upper limb noted in a 56-year-old male cadaver. There was complete absence of musculocutaneous nerve and its area was supplied by median nerve. A communicating branch was noted between the medial and lateral roots of median nerve overlying the third part of axillary artery. A high origin of superficial ulnar artery was noted on the left side, which terminated in the palm by forming incomplete superficial palmar arch. The brachial artery continued as radial artery below the level of elbow which is also found to be superficial throughout forearm and terminated in the palm by forming deep palmar arch. The common interosseous branch in this case arose from the radial artery just below the level of elbow. As this variation is concerned with anesthetic blocks and various surgical procedures, this case was studied and reported. A combination of these variations in a same case, to our knowledge, has not been previously described in the available literature.
Apprendre des règles de métier

Cette etude de cas longitudinale examine dans quelles circonstances un collectif de formateurs aide a l’apprentissage de regles de metier par une enseignante novice en education physique et sportive. S’appuyant sur une theorie generale de l’apprentissage et de l’action collective, cette etude montre tout d’abord que l’enseignement de ces regles est efficace lorsqu’il s’appuie sur des circonstances experientielles exemplaires pour l’enseignante novice. L’usage en classe de ces regles necessite toutefois un controle des formateurs qui pretent au novice les intentions dont il ne dispose pas (encore) et qu’il construit en enseignant.
Quantized predictive control over erasure channels

We study a control architecture for linear time-invariant plants which are affected by random disturbances. The distinguishing aspect of the situation at hand is that an unreliable data-rate limited network is placed between controller and the plant input. To achieve robustness with respect to i.i. d. dropouts, the controller transmits data packets containing quantized plant input predictions. These minimize a finite horizon cost function and are provided by an appropriate optimal entropy coded dithered lattice vector quantizer. Within this context, we derive an equivalent noise-shaping model of the closed loop system. This model is employed for the design and analysis of the vector quantizer used by the controller.
Technology and the Guilty Mind: When Do Technology Providers Become Criminal Accomplices?

The creators of today’s most successful technologies share an important willingness to push the envelope—a drive that propels digital industry forward. This same drive, however, can lead some technology purveyors to push the limits of legality or even become scofflaws in their pursuit of innovation or (more often) profit. The United States must figure out how to harness the important creative force at the heart of the hacker ethic while still deterring destructive criminal wrongdoers. Because it is often courts that must answer this question, it is essential to examine the legal doctrines prosecutors use to sweep up technology providers. This Article focuses on one type of criminal liability—accomplice liability—that can act as a dragnet on providers of technology that lends itself to criminal use. In particular, a violation of the federal statute for aiding and abetting, 18 U.S.C. § 2, can be implied in every charge for a federal substantive offense, and there is a potentially troubling strain of cases holding that knowing assistance can be enough to deem someone an aider and abettor, even without stronger evidence of a shared criminal purpose.This Article examines when the proprietors of technology with criminal uses aid and abet their users’ crimes. The aim is to help courts, prosecutors, and technologists draw the line between joining a criminal enterprise and merely providing technology with criminal uses. This Article explains the legal doctrines underlying this type of liability and provides examples of at-risk technologies, including spam software, file-sharing services, and anonymity networks like Tor. Ultimately, this Article concludes that the web of superficially conflicting rulings on the required mental state for aiding and abetting are best harmonized—and future rulings on liability for new technologies are best predicted—by looking to the existence of “substantial unoffending uses” for the product or service provided by the accused technologist.
Robust Multiuser Sequential Channel Sensing and Access in Dynamic Cognitive Radio Networks: Potential Games and Stochastic Learning

This paper studies the problem of multiuser sequential channel sensing and access in dynamic cognitive radio networks, in which the active-user set is randomly changing from slot to slot. Furthermore, each user only has its individual information with no information exchange among users. The goal of the users is to determine their channel sensing order. We first define a generalized interference metric to address the overlapping of channel sensing order and establish two optimization objectives: minimizing the aggregate interference for each active-user set and minimizing the expected aggregate interference for all potential users. It is challenging to solve the two optimization problems, even in a centralized manner, because the active-user set is randomly changing, and the probability distributions of the active-user sets are unknown to the users. We then propose two noncooperative game models to solve the optimization problems: a state-based one-shot game and a robust game. We prove that they are potential games and that the best Nash equilibrium of the two games corresponds to the optimal solutions of the two optimization problems, respectively. To cope with the uncertain, dynamic, and incomplete information constraints in the dynamic networks, we propose a stochastic learning algorithm, which is analytically proven to converge to Nash equilibria of the two formulated games in the presence of a changing active-player set. Finally, simulation results are presented to validate the convergence and superior performance of the proposed learning algorithm.
Radiological Evaluation of the Initial Fixation between Cortical Bone Trajectory and Conventional Pedicle Screw Technique for Lumbar Degenerative Spondylolisthesis

Study Design Retrospective study. Purpose To compare initial fixation using the cortical bone trajectory (CBT) technique versus conventional pedicle screws (PS) in radiographs of postsurgical lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis. Overview of Literature Few reports have documented the holding strength of CBT technique for spondylolisthesis cases. Methods From October 2009 to June 2014, 21 cases of degenerative spondylolisthesis were surgically treated in our institution. Ten were treated with conventional PS technique and 11 of with CBT technique. Mean lumbar lordosis and percent slippage were evaluated preoperatively, immediately after surgery, and 6 months and 1 year postoperatively using radiographs. We also investigated percent loss of slip reduction. Results There were statistically significant differences between preoperative percent slippage and postoperative slippage in both PS and CBT procedures over 1 year, and both techniques showed good slip reduction. On the other hand, lumbar lordosis did not change significantly in either the PS or CBT groups over 1 year. Conclusions CBT technique showed similarly good initial fixation compared with the PS procedure in the treatment of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis.
Sequential Metabolic Events During Encystment of Azobacter vinelandii

Cells of Azotobacter vinelandii are specifically induced to encyst by β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). The process of differentiation, which occurs over a period of 36 h, was characterized by an ordered sequence of biochemical events. Upon initiation of encystment, nitrogen fixation and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities decreased immediately to very low levels. This was followed by an increase in the specific activities of BHB dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, isocitrate lyase, and malate synthase first at 3 h and then again at 21 h. The peak activity of fructose 1,6-diphosphate aldolase occurred at 6 h, and the enzyme activity then decreased gradually. Fructose 1,6-diphosphatase had peak activities at 9 and 27 h. Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis ceased just prior to the final cell division at 4 to 6 h, but ribonucleic acid synthesis continued until the 12th h. From labeling studies and the appearance of new enzyme activities, it appeared that protein synthesis continued throughout encystment.
Waltham International Symposium: Pet Nutrition Coming of Age Selected Gelling Agents in Canned Dog Food Affect Nutrient Digestibilities and Fecal Characteristics of Ileal Cannulated Dogs 1

Pet owners often feed their dogs a canned diet because of its increased palatability and digestibility, as well as perceived added enjoyment for the dog (1). Most canned dog diets contain a gelling agent (GA) that is generally a carbohydrate with several functional properties including gel formation upon processing (2). Although GAs improve the appearance of a canned diet, little is known of their effects on nutrient digestibilities. When GAs are fed as a powder, they have been shown to hinder absorption of fat in dogs (3) and glucose in humans (4). Torrsdottir et al. (5) found that, after canning, guar gum no longer impeded glucose absorption in humans. There are little published data available on the nutritional effects of GA. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of GA in a canned dog food on ileal and total gastrointestinal tract nutrient digestibilities and fecal characteristics of the dog.
Low‐amplitude, low‐frequency electric field‐stimulated bone cell proliferation may in part be mediated by increased IGF‐II release

We have developed an in vitro model incorporating a low‐amplitude (10−7 V/cm), low frequency (f < 100 Hz), capacitively coupled electric field in order to study the mechanism through which an electric field may increase bone cell proliferation. Utilizing this model we have previously shown that electric field‐stimulated bone cell proliferation was dependent on release of mitogen activity into the culture medium from exposed cells. The current studies were intended to characterize this mitogen activity. In these studies we found that electric field‐stimulated human bone cell proliferation was associated with increased IGF‐II mRNA accumulation and IGF‐II secretion suggesting that IGF‐II may in part mediate the increase in bone cell proliferation following electric field exposure.
Encapsulated Cells Expressing a Chemotherapeutic Activating Enzyme Allow the Targeting of Subtoxic Chemotherapy and Are Safe and Efficacious: Data from Two Clinical Trials in Pancreatic Cancer

Despite progress in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, there is still a need for improved therapies. In this manuscript, we report clinical experience with a new therapy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer involving the implantation of encapsulated cells over-expressing a cytochrome P450 enzyme followed by subsequent low-dose ifosfamide administrations as a means to target activated ifosfamide to the tumor. The safety and efficacy of the angiographic instillation of encapsulated allogeneic cells overexpressing cytochrome P450 in combination with low-dose systemic ifosfamide administration has now been evaluated in 27 patients in total. These patients were successfully treated in four centers by three different interventional radiologists, arguing strongly that the treatment can be successfully used in different centers. The safety of the intra-arterial delivery of the capsules and the lack of evidence that the patients developed an inflammatory or immune response to the encapsulated cells or encapsulation material was shown in all 27 patients. The ifosfamide dose of 1 g/m2/day used in the first trial was well tolerated by all patients. In contrast, the ifosfamide dose of 2 g/m2/day used in the second trial was poorly tolerated in most patients. Since the median survival in the first trial was 40 weeks and only 33 weeks in the second trial, this strongly suggests that there is no survival benefit to increasing the dose of ifosfamide, and indeed, a lower dose is beneficial for quality of life and the lack of side effects. This is supported by the one-year survival rate in the first trial being 38%, whilst that in the second trial was only 23%. However, taking the data from both trials together, a total of nine of the 27 patients were alive after one year, and two of these nine patients were alive for two years or more.
Cambridge Handbook of Strategy as Practice

List of figures List of tables List of contributors Introduction: What is strategy-as-practice? Damon Golsorkhi, Linda Rouleau, David Seidl and Eero Vaara Part I. Epistemological Streams: 1. Practice in research: phenomenon, perspective and philosophy Wanda Orlikowski 2. Epistemological alternatives for researching strategy-as-practice: building and dwelling worldviews Robert Chia and Andreas Rasche 3. Practice, strategy making and intentionality: a Heideggerian onto-epistemology for strategy-as-practice Haridimos Tsoukas 4. Constructivist epistemologies in strategy-as-practice research Simon Grand, Johannes Ruegg-Sturm and Widar von Arx 5. Constructing contribution in 'strategy-as-practice' research Karen Golden-Biddle and Jason Azuma 6. The challenge of developing cumulative knowledge about strategy-as-practice Ann Langley Part II. Theoretical Directions: 7. Giddens, structuration theory and strategy-as-practice Richard Whittington 8. An activity-theory approach to strategy-as-practice Paula Jarzabkowski 9. A Wittgensteinian perspective on strategizing Saku Mantere 10. A Bourdieusian perspective on strategizing Marie-Leandre Gomez 11. A Foucauldian perspective on strategic practice: strategy as the art of (un)folding Florence Allard-Poesi 12. A narrative approach to strategy-as-practice: strategy-making from texts and narratives Valerie-Ines de La Ville and Eleonore Mounoud Part III. Methodological Tracks: 13. Broader methods to support new insights into strategizing Anne Sigismund Huff, Anne-Katrin Neyer and Kathrin Moslein 14. Critical discourse analysis as methodology in strategy-as-practice research Eero Vaara 15. Researching everyday practice: the ethnomethodological contribution Dalvir Samra-Fredericks 16. Researching strategists and their identity in practice: building close-with relationships Phyl Johnson, Julia Balogun and Nic Beech 17. Studying strategizing through narratives of practice Linda Rouleau Part IV. Application Variations: 18. Institutional change and strategic agency: an empirical analysis of managers' experimentation with routines in strategic decision-making Gerry Johnson, Stuart Smith and Brian Codling 19. Unpacking the effectivity paradox of strategy workshops: do strategy workshops produce strategic change? Robert MacIntosh, Donald MacLean and David Seidl 20. Struggling over subjectivity: a critical discourse analysis of strategic development Pikka-Maaria Laine and Eero Vaara 21. Strategizing and history Mona Ericson and Leif Melin Index.
17beta-estradiol stimulates proliferation of spermatogonia in experimental cryptorchid mice.

AIM To investigate whether estrogen stimulates the proliferation of spermatogonia or induces spermatogenesis in cryptorchid mice. METHODS Mice were surgically rendered cryptorchid, then treated with different doses of 17beta-estradiol (E2) s.c. once a day. Mice were killed at sexual maturity (45 days of age), and histological analysis and immunofluorescence were performed. Serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured. RESULTS Low doses of E2 had no notable effect on spermatogonia, but at higher doses, E2 stimulated the proliferation of spermatogonia. CONCLUSION E2 has a dose-related mitogenic effect on spermatogonia.
The Molecular Basis for Modulation of Human Vγ9Vδ2 T Cell Responses by CD277/Butyrophilin-3 (BTN3A)-specific Antibodies*

Background: Phosphoisoprenoid stimulation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can be modulated by anti-BTNA3 antibodies. Results: Agonist and antagonist antibodies associate differently with BTN3A structurally and biophysically. Conclusion: Differential binding of antibodies to BTN3A modulates its oligomerization on the cell surface. Significance: Defining how γδ T cells recognize antigen is critical for understanding their functions in the immune response. Human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are well known for their rapid and potent response to infection and tumorigenesis when in the presence of endogenous or exogenous phosphoisoprenoids. However, the molecular mechanisms behind the activation of this γδ T cell population remains unclear. Evidence pointing to a role for the CD277/butyrophilin-3 (BTN3A) molecules in this response led us to investigate the structures of these molecules and their modifications upon binding to an agonist antibody (20.1) that mimics phosphoisoprenoid-mediated Vγ9Vδ2 activation and an antagonist antibody (103.2) that inhibits this reactivity. We find that the three BTN3A isoforms: BTN3A1, BTN3A2, and BTN3A3, have high structural homology to the B7 superfamily of proteins and exist as V-shaped homodimers in solution, associating through the membrane proximal C-type Ig domain. The 20.1 and 103.2 antibodies bind to separate epitopes on the BTN3A Ig-V domain with high affinity but likely with different valencies based on their binding orientation. These structures directly complement functional studies of this system that demonstrate that BTN3A1 is necessary for Vγ9Vδ2 activation and begin to unravel the extracellular events that occur during stimulation through the Vγ9Vδ2 T cell receptor.
From Milan to Mumbai, Changing in Tel Aviv: Reflections on Progressive Taxation and 'Progressive' Politics in a Globalized But Still Local World

This article considers the future of progressive income taxation emphasizing the experience of three countries, Italy, Israel, and India, together with the U.S. After briefly describing the income tax system in each country, the article considers the debate on progressivity and its relationship to the broader discussion of economic equality and social justice in the countries at issue. The article concludes that - while the relationship above is often an uneasy one - essentially local factors including tax administration and the "tax culture" of the country at issue frequently play an equal or greater role in the progressivity debate. While noting the pressure applied by globalization for reduced tax rates, the article is thus skeptical about a unitary movement for or against progressivity in different countries.
Alcohol Feeding and Lipopolysaccharide Injection Modulate Apoptotic Effectors in the Rat Pancreas In Vivo

The purpose of this study was to determine if alcohol consumption and endotoxin injection change the rate of apoptosis in the pancreas. Rats were fed a Lieber–DeCarli diet for 14 weeks. At 14 weeks, the animals were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline and killed. The pancreata were resected and snap frozen. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. Caspase-3 activity, Bcl-2 (protein), and Fas ligand (mRNA) were assayed in pancreas extracts and &agr;-amylase in plasma. Alcohol feeding significantly decreased &agr;-amylase and caspase-3 activity, and significantly increased Bcl-2. LPS injection increased caspase-3 activity and decreased Bcl-2. Fas ligand mRNA was increased only in alcohol-fed, LPS-injected rats. TUNEL labeling was significantly increased only in alcohol-fed, LPS-injected rats. These data show that (a) long-term alcohol feeding suppresses apoptosis in the pancreas; (b) LPS increases the rate of apoptosis in the pancreas; (c) caspase-3 activity and Bcl-2 expression change in opposite directions; (d) TUNEL positivity and Fas ligand expression are increased, and Bcl-2 is decreased in ethanol-fed + LPS-injected rats. These results suggest that prolonged alcohol consumption may sensitize acinar cells to endotoxin-induced injury and raise the possibility that a similar mechanism may cause pancreatitis in human alcoholics.
Qu’est-ce que l’enseignement ? Quelques conditions nécessaires et suffisantes de cette activité

La philosophie de l’education puis le courant anglo-saxon de l’etude de l’enseignement (study of teaching) ont depuis longtemps travaille sur la notion d’activite d’enseignement. Plus recemment, les champs de recherche de la psychologie du developpement et de l’ethologie ont recueilli un ensemble de donnees sur cette activite, en s’eloignant de l’enseignement en milieu strictement scolaire. Dans cette note de synthese, nous recensons les differentes definitions de l’activite d’enseignement issues de ces differents champs de recherche et proposons une liste plus precise des conditions necessaires et suffisantes pour qu’il y ait enseignement. Tour a tour, les notions de langage, d’intentionnalite, d’attribution de buts ou de croyances, de cooperation, d’evaluation en direct et d’amenagement de l’environnement d’apprentissage sont examinees, ainsi que leur role dans l’activite d’enseignement. Enfin une synthese des definitions recensees conduit a une definition plus precise de cette derniere.
Eltern-Kind-Beziehung und Elternverhalten bei 13- und 16-Jährigen. Individuation oder Ablösung?

Die Individuationstheorie postuliert im Jugendalter zunehmende Abgrenzung und eine quantitativ gleichbleibende, jedoch zunehmend wechselseitig-partnerschaftliche Eltern-Kind-Beziehung. Dies wird an einer weitgehend reprasentativ nach Schulformen geschichteten querschnittlichen Stichprobe von 968 Schulerinnen und Schulern der Jahrgangsstufen 7 und 10 gepruft, wobei auserdem entsprechende Alterseffekte auf den Grad autoritativen Erziehungsverhaltens (Warme, Verhaltenskontrolle, Gewahrung psychischer Autonomie) untersucht werden. Im Vergleich der Siebt- und Zehntklassler stieg die beanspruchte Autonomie an und nahm das elterliche Wissen uber die Jugendlichen ab. Die Verbundenheit blieb weitgehend konstant, nahm also auch keine starker reziproken Formen an. Die vaterliche Unterstutzung war in der zehnten Klasse geringer als in der siebten. Eltern von Zehntklasslern ubten weniger Kontrolle aus; Vater zeigten zudem einen Ruckgang an Akzeptanz. Die Vaterbeziehung war weniger eng als die Mutterbeziehung, vor allem bei Madchen. Auserdem traten Effekte der Schulform auf. Die Befunde werden vor dem Hintergrund der Individuationstheorie und von Ablosungskonzepten diskutiert. (DIPF/Orig.) According to Individuation Theory, adolescents become more and more autonomous while the level of parent-adolescent connectedness is constant. However, connectedness is hypothesized to attain a more reciprocal, peer-like quality. These assumptions were tested using a sample of 968 students of ages 13 and 16. The sample was quite representative with respect to the various German school tracks. Besides effects of age on the relationship, corresponding age differences in the levels of authoritative parenting (affection, behavior control, and psychological autonomy granting) were investigated. At age 16, adolescents claimed more autonomy from parents, and parents had less knowledge of their offspring's life. The parent-adolescent connectedness remained fairly constant across age, that is, it did not change towards reciprocity. Older participants experienced less paternal support than younger subjects. With age, parental behavior control decreased. Fathers also were less affective with increasing age of participants. The father-adolescent relationship was less close than the mother-adolescent relationship, especially for girls. Furthermore, school track differences were revealed. The results are discussed with respect to Individuation Theory and notions of detachment. (DIPF/Orig.)