Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monitoring the Socio-Economic Conditions in Uruguay

This document is the first of a series of reports on the socio-economic situation in Uruguay. It is mainly based on a wide range of distributional, labor and social statistics computed from microdata collected by the Encuesta Continua de Hogares (ECH) from 1989 to 2003. Data has also been drawn from other sources and the existing literature. In contrast to the significant advances in poverty reduction recorded since the mid-eighties, in the last years Uruguay witnessed a deterioration of distributional, labor and social conditions. However, the country’s social performance is still one of the best in the region.
On the response of the atomic oxygen red line emission rates to the Sun's energy input: an empirical model deduced from WINDII/UARS global measurements

In a previous paper by Zhang and Shepherd, an empirical model for the peak volume emission rate (Vp) and the integrated volume emission rate of the O(1D) (630 nm) dayglow was deduced from more than 130,000 daytime emission rate profiles observed by the Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII) on the Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite (UARS) during 1991-1995. In the model, the emission rates are given as functions of the solar zenith angle (χ) and solar irradiance using the F10.7 cm flux as a proxy. This paper extends the daytime empirical model into the twilight zone and includes the height of the peak emission rate and the width of the emission layer. For a given day, the O(1D) emission layer during both daytime and twilight-time is found to be sensitive to the solar zenith angle when solar irradiance is treated as a constant. Positive linear relationships are found between the daytime emission rate and cos1/eχ at χ < 87° the twilight-time emission rate and cos(χ+0.25)1.8 at 87° less than or equal to χ less than or equal to 104.5°, and the width of the emission layer and cosχ at χ < 87°. A negative linear relationship is found between the peak emission rate and its height at χ < 104.5°. In the long-term, the emission layer varies according to the solar cycle in that both the emission rate and the height of the emission layer increase with increasing solar irradiance. The empirical model provides the peak volume emission rate and its height, and the integrated emission rate, for both daytime and twilight zones, and the width of the daytime emission layer as functions of the solar zenith angle and solar irradiance using F10.7, E10.7, and Lyman-β as proxies. The profiles of the volume emission rate and global morphology of the red line emission therefore can be constructed using the model. Effects of solar storms, and physical precesses and photochemical reactions other than that due to the direct solar energy deposition in the thermosphere can be derived by comparing to the model.
Interhemispheric plasma flows in the equatorial topside ionosphere

Latitudinal, longitudinal, and seasonal variations in the field-aligned and perpendicular flows measured at an altitude near 830 km, by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F10 satellite are examined. These profiles are studied during the nighttime (2100 magnetic local time) for solstice periods in 1991 when the solar activity is high. Latitude and longitude variations show the influence of F region winds in modulating the observed field-aligned flows. At night, large downward field-aligned flows of the order 400–600 ms−1 are observed in the winter hemisphere and coincide in longitude with the location of previously identified adiabatic heating effects studied by Venkatraman and Heelis [1999a], Interhemispheric flows at 2100 hours local time are seen to extend up to apex heights of ∼ 1000 km during times of high solar activity. Perpendicular drifts, however are relatively invariant with latitude as expected.
Historical environmental changes at phalasarna harbor, West Crete

The ongoing archaeological excavations that started in 1986 on the site of the harbor of Phalasarna have confirmed that the ancient port described as a closed harbor by ancient geographers is, due to the regional uplift of west Crete, now situated on dry land, about 6.6 m above sea level. In this paper, after summarizing the geological background, the main historical sources and recent archaeological results, new stratigraphical data obtained from the sediments filling the harbor basin are presented and discussed. The harbor was fortified in the second part of the 4th century B.C. It was a military port, probably a base for pirates, and was destroyed and abandoned in the second part of the first century B.C. After that time the harbor basin was rapidly silted by marine then terrestrial sedimentation. Deposits corresponding to two tsunami waves have been identified and ascribed to events occurring in 66 A.D. and 365 A.D., respectively. About 1530 ± 40 yr B.P., probably in 365 A.D., when west Crete was suddenly uplifted by 6–9 m, Phalasarna harbor was removed permanently from marine influence. Radiometric dating confirms that the harbor could not have been in use in Roman times, in contradiction with ancient Periploi, which continue to mention Phalasarna port until at least the second or third century A.D.
Challenges in the diagnosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

ABSTRACT Introduction Immune-mediated TTP (iTTP) is a rare condition without pathognomonic signs and symptoms. For this reason, the diagnosis of iTTP may be delayed or even missed, with potentially catastrophic consequences. Areas covered The authors performed an extensive literature review on the diagnosis of iTTP and its challenges combined with their own experience in a referral center for patients with iTTP. Expert opinion Although a definitive diagnosis of iTTP depends on the ADAMTS13 activity result, timely testing is rarely available at many centers to which patients present. If less complex tests were to become available, they would decrease the chances of late and/or missed diagnoses of iTTP throughout the world. While clinical scores to estimate the likelihood of iTTP exist, they are not well known, and can be misleading if used in the wrong context. Furthermore, the three scoring systems (PLASMIC, Bentley, and French) only moderately correlate with each other, which further complicates the landscape. The existence of these scores and how they should be used in practice is but one opportunity that can be seized through more robust programs to educate nonspecialist clinicians on how to recognize and treat patients with iTTP.
Genome-wide association study of antisocial personality disorder diagnostic criteria provides evidence for shared risk factors across disorders

Introduction While progress has been made in determining the genetic basis of antisocial behaviour, little progress has been made for antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), a condition that often co-occurs with other psychiatric conditions including substance use disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and anxiety disorders. This study aims to improve the understanding of the genetic risk for ASPD and its relationship with other disorders and traits. Methods We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the number of ASPD diagnostic criteria data from 3217 alcohol-dependent participants recruited in the UK (UCL, N = 644) and the USA (Yale-Penn, N = 2573). Results We identified rs9806493, a chromosome 15 variant, that showed a genome-wide significant association (Z-score = −5.501, P = 3.77 × 10−8) with ASPD criteria. rs9806493 is an eQTL for SLCO3A1 (Solute Carrier Organic Anion Transporter Family Member 3A1), a ubiquitously expressed gene with strong expression in brain regions that include the anterior cingulate and frontal cortices. Polygenic risk score analysis identified positive correlations between ASPD and smoking, ADHD, depression traits, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Negative correlations were observed between ASPD PRS and alcohol intake frequency, reproductive traits, and level of educational attainment. Conclusion This study provides evidence for an association between ASPD risk and SLCO3A1 and provides insight into the genetic architecture and pleiotropic associations of ASPD.
Presupposition Accommodation of the German Additive Particle auch (= “too”)

Presupposition triggers differ with respect to whether their presupposition is easily accommodatable. The presupposition of focus-sensitive additive particles like also or too is often classified as hard to accommodate, i.e., these triggers are infelicitous if their presupposition is not entailed by the immediate linguistic or non-linguistic context. We tested two competing accounts for the German additive particle auch concerning this requirement: First, that it requires a focus alternative to the whole proposition to be salient, and second, that it merely requires an alternative to the focused constituent (e.g., an individual) to be salient. We conducted two experiments involving felicity judgments as well as questions asking for the truth of the presupposition to be accommodated. Our results suggest that the latter account is too weak: mere previous mention of a potential alternative to the focused constituent is not enough to license the use of auch. However, our results also suggest that the former account is too strong: when an alternative of the focused constituent is prementioned and certain other accommodation-enhancing factors are present, the context does not have to entail the presupposed proposition. We tested the following two potentially accommodation-enhancing factors: First, whether the discourse can be construed to be from the perspective of the individual that the presupposition is about, and second, whether the presupposition is needed to establish coherence between the host sentence of the additive particle and the preceding context. The factor coherence was found to play a significant role. Our results thus corroborate the results of other researchers showing that discourse participants go to great lengths in order to identify a potential presupposition to accommodate, and we contribute to these results by showing that coherence is one of the factors that enhance accommodation.
Chemical Weathering of Fluvial Sediments During Alluvial Storage: The Macuapanim Island Point Bar, Solimoes River, Brazil

ABSTRACT Modification of sediment composition by chemical weathering depends both on the overall intensity of weathering and on its duration. At Macuapanim Island, Solimboes River (Amazon main channel), Brazil, a number of alluvial deposits have been exposed to intense tropical weathering for differing lengths of time. In the very fine sand fraction, the detrital component shows a steady and marked increase in compositional maturity with increasing sediment age: immature sands of arkosic to litharenitic composition show a progressive loss of lithic fragments, feldspars, and accessory minerals, with a concomitant enrichment in quartz. This process produces first-cycle sands whose detrital component is of quartz arenite composition. Among the salts, quartz is enriched over time relative to more nstable phases, particularly plagioclase. This enrichment is probably largely caused by the destruction of plagioclase through chemical weathering, but silt-size quartz may also be "produced" through the breakdown of sedimentary and metasedimentary lithic fragments in the sand fraction. In the clay fraction, an increase in the relative abundance of smectite accompanies the breakdown of volcanic lithic fragments in the sand fraction, and probably reflects the degradation of volcanic glass. The clay fractions of the oldest samples examined contain less smectite, somewhat more kaolinite, and markedly more vermiculite as compared to younger samples, but an extensively-leached, cation-poor clay fraction analogous to the quartz-dominated silts and sands is never attained. The compositional mat rity of the clay fraction is everywhere lower than that of associated silts and sands, perhaps because of a continual influx into the clay fraction of immature cation-rich clays derived from the physical breakdown of lithic fragments in coarser size fractions. This effect is enhanced by the translocation of fines, whereby younger, less-weathered fine material is juxtaposed with older, more mature coarse material in the lower levels of the alluvial stratigraphy. Reworking of floodplains during channel migration results in the reincorporation of older material stored on the floodplains into the sediment load. If sediments have been intensely weathered during storage on the floodplain, then the result will be a net dilution and replacement of younger, relatively immature sands transported by the river by older, more mature material from the floodplain. The relative proportion of the older sands in the bedload will increase downstream, resulting in a progressive downstream increase in the compositional maturity of the bedload of the river.
EFFECTIVE DEPTH OF SOIL COMPACTION UNDER A CONTROLLED COMPACTIVE EFFORT AT LABORATORY SCALE

EFFECTIVE DEPTH OF SOIL COMPACTION UNDER A CONTROLLED COMPACTIVE EFFORT AT LABORATORY SCALE Andres R. Tascon Under supervision of Associate Professor Dante Fratta Geological Engineering Program University of Wisconsin Madison Embankment construction specifications in the State of Wisconsin indicate that compaction lifts cannot be thicker than 20 cm. This specification was established several years ago based on field experience when compactors were lighter and smaller than the equipment used today. Lift thickness may be increased to save construction time and cost when heavier and larger compaction equipment is used. In this research effort, the possibility of increasing lift thickness specifications in the construction industry without compromising the embankment stability is explored by developing a methodology to evaluate engineering properties of compacted soils. A laboratory soil compaction test was designed to compact soil under controlled compactive efforts while monitoring mechanical soil properties before, during and after compaction. The soil underwent eight compaction passes. The soil properties were monitored using techniques including nuclear density gauge (NDG), soil stiffness gauge (SSG), dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP), P-wave velocity tests, and MEMS-accelerometers rotations. Soil density, stiffness, shear strength, and deformation profiles were thus measured as a function of the compactive effort, soil type, water content, and lift thickness. Thicker lifts results in greater soil surface displacement but less volume change and less uniform compaction than thin lifts. Furthermore, thin lifts undergo larger strains and yield greater stiffnesses than thick lifts. A comparison of the laboratory tests performed in this study with a real soil compaction monitoring experiment shows that, despite the differences in scale, density in thick lifts decreases with depth, and shows regions of low density at the bottom of the lift. Soils with larger shear strength results when are compacted closer of the optimum water content. Analysis of the stiffness measurements shows that the use of the SSG in embankment construction using thin lift should consider the influence of the stiffness ratio between the lift and the underlying layer. The effective depth of influence of the compactor used in this laboratory study reached about 15 cm; where, as for field operations using a compactive force that is 22 times larger, the influence reaches 30 to 40 cm.
Landslide mapping in the coastal area between the Strymonic Gulf and Kavala (Macedonia, Greece) with the aid of remote sensing and geographical information systems

The main aim of this study is to photointerpret land cover change along hill slopes in order to detect existing landslides with the aid of methodologies such as false colour composites (FCCs), principal component analysis (PCA) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Then, by combining geological data (lithology, vegetation cover), and geomorphologic factors (slope, aspect, distance from the rivers), landslide susceptibility maps were produced. The region where the study took place was the coastal area between the Strymonic Gulf and southwest Kavala prefecture, which was selected because of its intense landslide activity. The identification of locations where landslides occurred was achieved with the use and processing of TERRA/ASTER satellite images, while the data, which were mainly collected from the digitization of contours from topographical maps at 1 : 50 000 scale, were used to construct the final landslide susceptibility maps. The resulting FCC images provided satisfactory information about the locations of landslide sites and the landslide susceptibility maps indicated areas that were more prone to produce such phenomena.
Trace Metal Leaching from Embankment Soils Amended with High-Carbon Fly Ash

AbstractThe use of fly ash in highway applications as a stabilizing agent and soil amendment for embankments has become very common owing to its economical advantages. However, fly ash may contain toxic constituents that may pose environmental risk if they leach through the soil and reach groundwater. A series of water leach tests (WLTs), toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) tests, and column leach tests (CLTs) were conducted to define the leaching of aluminum, arsenic, chromium, and zinc from a self-cementitious fly ash and four different off-spec high-carbon ashes. Laboratory results indicated that an increase in fly ash contents generally yields an increase in pH and leached metal concentrations regardless of the type of fly ash and metals. Furthermore, it was determined that there were significant differences in the leached metal concentrations measured in the three different laboratory tests, i.e., CCLT>CTCLP>CWLT. Analyses conducted using a numerical groundwater model indicated that pre.
Recommendations for using XRF core scanning as a tool in tephrochronology

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanning is a relatively new arrangement of a classic analytical technique which allows for non-destructive, in situ XRF analysis of sediment cores from submillimetre resolution upwards. In this contribution we explore the use of XRF core scanning for tephrochronology based on the analysis of three gyttja-rich sediment cores from the Faroe Islands. Using a combination of optical and radiographic images, analytical parameters and elemental profiles (Si, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Sr and Zr), higher concentration basaltic tephra layers (>1000 shards/cm3) were positively identified. The XRF core scanning did not capture the lower concentration (<850 shards/cm3) rhyolitic layers found in the core. The elemental data generated for the detected tephra layers using XRF core scanning was not comparable to individual shard analysis by electron microprobe. We recommend using XRF core scanning for tephra screening in order to localize depths for high-resolution subsampling and to avoid depths where sediment mixing has caused tailing/mixing of the tephra signal. At the studied site the basaltic Saksunarvatn ash as well as a tephra belonging to the Askja-S/10 ka eruption were identified.
UZ Flow Models and Submodels

The purpose of this report is to document the unsaturated zone (UZ) flow models and submodels, as well as the flow fields that have been generated using the UZ flow model(s) of Yucca Mountain, Nevada. In this report, the term ''UZ model'' refers to the UZ flow model and the several submodels, which include tracer transport, temperature or ambient geothermal, pneumatic or gas flow, and geochemistry (chloride, calcite, and strontium) submodels. The term UZ flow model refers to the three-dimensional models used for calibration and simulation of UZ flow fields. This work was planned in the ''Technical Work Plan (TWP) for: Unsaturated Zone Flow Analysis and Model Report Integration'' (BSC 2004 [DIRS 169654], Section 1.2.7). The table of included Features, Events, and Processes (FEPs), Table 6.2-11, is different from the list of included FEPs assigned to this report in the ''Technical Work Plan for: Unsaturated Zone Flow Analysis and Model Report Integration'' (BSC 2004 [DIRS 169654], Table 2.1.5-1), as discussed in Section 6.2. 6. The UZ model has revised, updated, and enhanced the previous UZ model (BSC 2001 [DIRS 158726]) by incorporating the repository design with new grids, recalibration of property sets, and more comprehensive validation effort. The flow fields describe fracture-fracture, matrix-matrix, and fracture-matrix liquid flow rates, and their spatial distributions as well as moisture conditions in the UZ system. These three-dimensional UZ flow fields are used directly by Total System Performance Assessment (TSPA). The model and submodels evaluate important hydrogeologic processes in the UZ as well as geochemistry and geothermal conditions. These provide the necessary framework to test hypotheses of flow and transport at different scales, and predict flow and transport behavior under a variety of climatic conditions. In addition, the limitations of the UZ model are discussed in Section 8.11.
Augmenting transformers with recursively composed multi-grained representations

We present ReCAT, a recursive composition augmented Transformer that is able to explicitly model hierarchical syntactic structures of raw texts without relying on gold trees during both learning and inference. Existing research along this line restricts data to follow a hierarchical tree structure and thus lacks inter-span communications. To overcome the problem, we propose a novel contextual inside-outside (CIO) layer that learns contextualized representations of spans through bottom-up and top-down passes, where a bottom-up pass forms representations of high-level spans by composing low-level spans, while a top-down pass combines information inside and outside a span. By stacking several CIO layers between the embedding layer and the attention layers in Transformer, the ReCAT model can perform both deep intra-span and deep inter-span interactions, and thus generate multi-grained representations fully contextualized with other spans. Moreover, the CIO layers can be jointly pre-trained with Transformers, making ReCAT enjoy scaling ability, strong performance, and interpretability at the same time. We conduct experiments on various sentence-level and span-level tasks. Evaluation results indicate that ReCAT can significantly outperform vanilla Transformer models on all span-level tasks and baselines that combine recursive networks with Transformers on natural language inference tasks. More interestingly, the hierarchical structures induced by ReCAT exhibit strong consistency with human-annotated syntactic trees, indicating good interpretability brought by the CIO layers.
Registration of vehicle based panoramic image and LiDAR point cloud

Higher quality surface information would be got when data from optical images and LiDAR were integrated, owing to the fact that optical images and LiDAR point cloud have unique characteristics that make them preferable in many applications. While most previous works focus on registration of pinhole perspective cameras to 2D or 3D LiDAR data. In this paper, a method for the registration of vehicle based panoramic image and LiDAR point cloud is proposed. Using the translation among panoramic image, single CCD image, laser scanner and Position and Orientation System (POS) along with the GPS/IMU data, precise co-registration between the panoramic image and the LiDAR point cloud in the world system is achieved. Results are presented under a real world data set collected by a new developed Mobile Mapping System (MMS) integrated with a high resolution panoramic camera, two laser scanners and a POS.