Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RNomics in Drosophila melanogaster: identification of 66 candidates for novel non-messenger RNAs

By generating a specialised cDNA library from four different developmental stages of Drosophila melanogaster, we have identified 66 candidates for small non-messenger RNAs (snmRNAs) and have confirmed their expression by northern blot analysis. Thirteen of them were expressed at certain stages of D.melanogaster development, only. Thirty-five species belong to the class of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), divided into 15 members from the C/D subclass and 20 members from the H/ACA subclass, which mostly guide 2'-O-methylation and pseudouridylation, respectively, of rRNA and snRNAs. These also include two outstanding C/D snoRNAs, U3 and U14, both functioning as pre-rRNA chaperones. Surprisingly, the sequence of the Drosophila U14 snoRNA reflects a major change of function of this snoRNA in Diptera relative to yeast and vertebrates. Among the 22 snmRNAs lacking known sequence and structure motifs, five were located in intergenic regions, two in introns, five in untranslated regions of mRNAs, eight were derived from open reading frames, and two were transcribed opposite to an intron. Interestingly, detection of two RNA species from this group implies that certain snmRNA species are processed from alternatively spliced pre-mRNAs. Surprisingly, a few snmRNA sequences could not be found on the published D.melanogaster genome, which might suggest that more snmRNA genes (as well as mRNAs) are hidden in unsequenced regions of the genome.
Mycobacteraemia among HIV-1-infected patients in São Paulo, Brazil: 1995 to 1998

From July 1995 to August 1998, mycobacterial blood cultures were obtained from 1032 HIV-infected patients seen at the Centro de Referência e Treinamento de AIDS (CRTA), Hospital São Paulo (HSP), and Centro de Referência de AIDS de Santos (CRAS). Overall, 179 episodes of mycobacteraemia were detected: 111 (62·0%) at CRTA, 50 (27·9%) at HSP, and 18 (10·1%) at CRAS. The frequency of positive cultures declined sharply from 22·6% in 1995 to 6·9% in 1998, consistent with the decrease in opportunistic infections following the publicly funded distribution of highly active antiretroviral therapy. In 1995, mycobacteraemia was more frequently due to Mycobacterium avium complex (59·2%) than Mycobacterium tuberculosis (28·6%), whereas in 1998 the relative frequencies were reversed (28·6 vs. 64·3% respectively), probably justified by the increased virulence of M. tuberculosis and the greater risk of invasive infection in less-immunocompromised patients, including patients unaware they are infected with HIV.
BANK REGULATIONS AND INTEREST RATE RISK : AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE

The recent turmoil in global financial markets has once again accentuated the need for a better understanding of the risks that banks face, and highlighted the inefficacy of existing regulatory arrangement. Motivated by this idea, this study examines the link between risks faced by financial intermediaries in the G-10 group of countries, their balance sheet composition and national bank regulation. Particularly, we concentrate on interest rate risk, decidedly the most important sources of banks’ market risk, yet commonly overlooked in the literature. Utilising a panel data approach with controls for the agentand periodheterogeneity, we demonstrate that national regulatory and supervisory characteristics, and notably international diversity among these provisions, are as important as firm-level accounting variables in explaining the risk taking behaviour of individual banks. From the perspective of policy makers the reported results provide considerably improved information for formulating banking sector policies.
Management and Leadership Development in Norway: Discrepancies Between Talk and Action

The problem and the solution. The majority of contemporary theories about management and leadership development suggest techniques and best practices for improving management and leadership to optimize organizational performance. Despite the abundance of advice and the manifestly instrumental intention, most organizations struggle to achieve this connection between management development (MD) and improved performance. This article switches attention from the actual MD methods employed to the stories that managers tell about their experience of development. Drawing on 10 case studies in Norway, the focus is on how managers talk about management and leadership development and the degree to which this matches how such development actually happens in their organizations. In doing so, the article presents a better understanding of why some MD activities achieve little, why some succeed, and why some change shape beyond recognition.
Patterns for Three-Tier Client/Server Applications

The three-tier client/server architecture is an evolution of the traditional two-tier model, and is receiving increased interest, particularly for large business applications. The main difference is that in a three-tier architecture, most of the functionality is separated out in a middle layer, called application servers, as shown in figure 1. Also, each client can use several application servers, each of which in turn can work against several databases.
The Evolution of Small and Medium Enterprise in Digital Business Ecosystem; Accelerating The Evolution and The Need for Web 2.0 and Visualization

The pursuit of digital business ecosystem (DBE) means to digitally socialize, collaborate, negotiate, operate and automatically orchestrate business services in an open and self organizing environment. The essence of this paper is to suggest a stage based evolution of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) added to a list of interrelated techniques and concepts that would accelerate DBE environments evolution. DBE Distributed Knowledge Base (DKB) and Web 2.0, via its breakthrough capabilities (i.e. attractiveness of voluntarily participation, Open API, service mashup [13], social networks, knowledge sharing and more), are the backbone of the suggested techniques.
Distributed TDoA Estimation for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Frequency-Hopping in Multipath Environment

A novel distributed TDoA (Time-Difference-of-Arrival) estimation method for wireless sensor networks (WSN) in multipath environment is proposed in this paper. For the conventional narrow band system usually adopted in the wireless sensors, the frequency-hopping technique can be utilized to perform the estimation of the wide band frequency-domain channel response, by which the super-resolution TDoA estimation is conducted independently at each sensor to detect range difference from the sensor to the two anchors. The proposed method only relies on the conventional narrow band radio transceiver and each sensor conducts range estimation independently without any information exchange or time synchronization requirement, which is a distributed range estimation method more suitable for WSN.
Semantic understanding of Image content

— Large amounts of spatial data are becoming available today due to the rapid development of remote sensing techniques. Several retrieval systems are proposed to retrieve necessary, interested and effective information such as key-word based image retrieval and content based image retrieval. However, the results of these approaches are generally unsatisfactory, unpredictable and don’t match human perception due to the well gap between visual features and semantic concepts [1]. In this paper, we propose a new approach allowing semantic satellite image retrieval, describing the semantic image content and managing uncertain information. It’s based on ontology model which represents spatial knowledge in order to provide semantic understanding of image content. Our retrieval system is based on two modules: ontological model merging and semantic strategic image retrieval. The first module allows developing ontological models which represent spatial knowledge of the satellite image, and managing uncertain information. The second module allows retrieving satellite images basing on their ontological model. In order to improve the quality of retrieval system and to facilitate the retrieval process, we propose two retrieval strategies which are the opportunist strategy and the hypothetic strategy. Our approach attempts to improve the quality of image retrieval, to reduce the semantic gap between visual features and semantic concepts and to provide an automatic solution for efficient satellite image retrieval.
Size space tradeoffs for resolution

We investigate tradeoffs of various important complexity measures such as size, space and width. We show examples of CNF formulas that have optimal proofs with respect to any one of these parameters, but optimizing one parameter must cost an increase in the other. These results, the first of their kind, have implications on the efficiency (or rather, inefficiency) of some commonly used SAT solving heuristics.Our proof relies on a novel and somewhat surprising connection of the variable space of a proof, to the black white pebbling measure of an underlying graph.
Anthrax-protective effects of yeast beta 1,3 glucans.

CONTEXT The recent events increasing the threat of bioterrorism have prompted a widespread search for defenses against this peril. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the anthrax-protective effect of beta1,3-glucan immune modulators (PGG-glucan and WGP beta glucan) in an experimental animal model. DESIGN Beta1,3-glucan immune modulators were administered by subcutaneous injection to Balb/c mice 2 days prior to anthrax challenge. WGP beta glucan was administered by daily oral gavage for 7 days prior to challenge, or in drinking water for 10 days postchallenge with a lethal dose of Bacillus anthracis spores. Survival, survival time, and microbial bioburden relative to an infected, untreated control group were assessed. RESULTS A single injected dose of PGG-glucan or WGP beta glucan immune modulators given 2 days before challenge significantly: (a) increased the survival rate of infected mice (2.5-fold), (b) diminished the bacterial load in the lungs of infected mice (4-8-fold), and (c) increased the proportion of bacteria-free animals 10 days after challenge (2-fold). In mice prophylactically administered oral WGP beta glucan for 1 week prior to infection, survival increased from 50% to 100%; therapeutic administration of oral WGP beta glucan for 10 days postinfection increased survival from 30% up to 90% in treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the potential for beta1,3-glucan immune modulators to provide a significant degree of protection against anthrax, a potential biological warfare (BW) agent in a mouse model of anthrax infection. Further studies are needed to optimize protection, evaluate activity in combination with other treatment options, demonstrate activity in a validated primate model of infection, and determine if protection is effective against other potential BW agents.
Specifying a Concurrent Program in Java using Separation Logic

When building software to be used in critical environments, it is important that the software behaves as intended. Permission based separation logic is a way to specify a concurrent program so that the behavior can be verified. In this paper we describe the building of a ski lift program and specify it using permission based separation logic. We use this case study to see what problems arise when trying to use separation logic to specify a realistic program. This paper starts with an introduction into permission based separation logic, after which it describes the building of the ski-lift program. After this it explains how we specified the program. We explain which choices we made and why we made them, after which we explain which problems we found while specifying the program and what solutions we used to solve the problems.
A ACP e a tomada de decisão em investimentos

Decisoes de investimentos em renda variavel sao tomadas pelos investidores todos os dias com base nas suas expectativas futuras, e estas decisoes formam os precos no mercado acionario. Pesquisas realizadas pelas financas comportamentais vem estudando os aspectos cognitivos da tomada de decisao e mostrado que nem sempre o comportamento individual ocorre como propoe a teoria economica. Este artigo pretende inovar ao apresentar uma forma de compreensao dos aspectos emocionais da decisao humana atraves da abordagem centrada na pessoa. Este enfoque mostra como as decisoes sao tomadas de modos diferentes de acordo com o sentido que cada investidor atribui a realidade. O sentido varia de acordo com a percepcao de cada um sobre sua experiencia. Investidores com maior maturacao psicologica conseguem tomar decisoes mais assertivas e flexiveis, modificando-as com mais rapidez quando novos dados da realidade forem surgindo.
Effect of compatibility between decision target and processing strategy on postdecision satisfaction

We conducted 2 experiments to examine the effect of compatibility between decision target (making a decision for oneself vs. another person) and processing strategy (alternative- vs. attribute-based) on postdecision satisfaction. The results showed that participants who were making decisions for themselves were more likely to prefer an alternative-based to an attribute-based processing strategy, whereas this effect was reversed for participants who were making decisions for others. A high degree of compatibility between self/other decision and alternative-based/attribute-based processing strategy increased postdecision satisfaction. Moreover, this effect was found to be mediated by decision confidence. Implications and suggestions related to these findings are discussed.
Endobronchial mass formation after endobronchial ultrasound–transbronchial needle aspiration mimicking implantation metastasis

Endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) has been widely used for diagnosing intrathoracic lymphadenopathy. Here, we present two cases of endobronchial polyp formation after an EBUS‐TBNA for suspicious malignant lymph nodes. An inflammatory polyp should be considered as a possible differential diagnosis for a newly developed mass after an EBUS‐TBNA.
Methane-Consuming Archaea Revealed by Directly Coupled Isotopic and Phylogenetic Analysis

Microorganisms living in anoxic marine sediments consume more than 80% of the methane produced in the world's oceans. In addition to single-species aggregates, consortia of metabolically interdependent bacteria and archaea are found in methane-rich sediments. A combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization and secondary ion mass spectrometry shows that cells belonging to one specific archaeal group associated with theMethanosarcinales were all highly depleted in13C (to values of –96‰). This depletion indicates assimilation of isotopically light methane into specific archaeal cells. Additional microbial species apparently use other carbon sources, as indicated by significantly higher13C/12C ratios in their cell carbon. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of simultaneous determination of the identity and the metabolic activity of naturally occurring microorganisms.
Concrete ensemble Kalman filters with rigorous catastrophic filter divergence

Significance Understanding ensemble-based data assimilation methods, including their performance when applied to high-dimensional nonlinear models with low ensemble size, is a crucial problem in science and engineering. Catastrophic filter divergence is a well-documented but mechanistically mysterious phenomenon whereby ensemble-state estimates explode to machine infinity despite the true state remaining in a bounded region. We provide breakthrough insight into the phenomenon by proposing a simple forecast model that experiences catastrophic filter divergence under all ensemble-based methods. This is the first instance to our knowledge of a forecast model that plainly and rigorously illustrates that simple mechanisms can lead to such a drastic filter malfunction and thereby sheds light on when catastrophic filter divergence should be expected and how it can be avoided. The ensemble Kalman filter and ensemble square root filters are data assimilation methods used to combine high-dimensional, nonlinear dynamical models with observed data. Ensemble methods are indispensable tools in science and engineering and have enjoyed great success in geophysical sciences, because they allow for computationally cheap low-ensemble-state approximation for extremely high-dimensional turbulent forecast models. From a theoretical perspective, the dynamical properties of these methods are poorly understood. One of the central mysteries is the numerical phenomenon known as catastrophic filter divergence, whereby ensemble-state estimates explode to machine infinity, despite the true state remaining in a bounded region. In this article we provide a breakthrough insight into the phenomenon, by introducing a simple and natural forecast model that transparently exhibits catastrophic filter divergence under all ensemble methods and a large set of initializations. For this model, catastrophic filter divergence is not an artifact of numerical instability, but rather a true dynamical property of the filter. The divergence is not only validated numerically but also proven rigorously. The model cleanly illustrates mechanisms that give rise to catastrophic divergence and confirms intuitive accounts of the phenomena given in past literature.
Adaptation or Paradigm Shift?

Even scholars who have no interest in economics may find the debate about behavioral economics (beh.ec.) of great interest because it points to a major meta-theoretical, empirical, and normative divide in the social sciences. While social science textbooks, professional associations, and the academic job market are still largely organized by the oldfashioned division among disciplines, social sciences are often conducted in terms of one of two paradigms that cut across these disciplines. On one side are those who hold that all behavior can be studied in neoclassical terms, as mainstream economics does—on the other, those who hold that behavior should be studied as if the actors were homo sapiens, not homo economicus. One paradigm assumes that actors are rational individuals, seeking to maximize their self interests whether they buy, sell, vote, pray or love. The other paradigm, adopted by other members of the same disciplines, draws on a variety of conceptions that focus on cultural, historical, and structural forces, and assumes that people often act non-rationally and heed complex motives. Behavioral economics is an excellent place to compare these two paradigms and to explore where the social sciences are headed. Beh.ec. took off in the late 1970s. Its first major stars are widely recognized as the psychologists, Daniel Kahneman (winner of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Economics) and the late Amos Tversky. Previous work along similar lines had been carried out by Herbert Simon and long before that, by Adam Smith (Theory of Moral Sentiments), among others, but Kahneman and Tversky were the first to provide beh.ec. with a strong empirical backing. Scores of other scholars have since contributed to beh.ec. , including some whose work has captured the public imagination, topping best-seller lists (e.g., Freakonomics by Steven Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner, and Irrational Exuberance by Robert Shiller). Three recent contributions to this field further strengthen the case that people do not and cannot behave the way the neoclassical paradigm assumes. In reviewing these works, the key question is whether the neoclassical paradigm can be corrected, and whether the mixed bag of conceptions associated with the homo sapien model can be consolidated to provide a better paradigm. To put it starkly, if the first approach is wrong (or at least deeply flawed), and the second provides none but myriad answers—where do we go from here? Dan Ariely’s Predictably Irrational employs original studies and anecdotes to show that people are congenitally unable to process information and make the calculations that utility maximization and otherwise rational conduct requires. His results are very much in line with previous findings of beh.ec. , and thus add to their robustness. Many of Ariely’s findings, and those of beh.ec. in general, are centered around three axes:
Studies on the influence of gonadotrophin levels in the early follicular phase on the ovarian response to stimulation.

The gonadotrophic regulation of folliculogenesis has been extensively investigated but little attention has been paid to the influence of early follicular phase levels of endogenous FSH and the FSH/LH ratio when planning ovulation stimulation therapy for IVF. The influence of these factors was investigated in the three studies reported in this paper. A fixed schedule of ovulation stimulation therapy which employed standard treatment regimens, irrespective of the ovarian response, was used to eliminate variation due to treatment factors. Cycles were pretreated with an oestrogen-progestogen contraceptive pill or a progestogen (norethisterone). It was found that both oestrogen-progestogen and progestogen alone decreased the plasma FSH level, although the FSH/LH ratio was significantly reduced only by oestrogen-progestogens. In clinical IVF studies, oestrogen-progestogen pretreatment was associated with a significant reduction in the preovulatory concentration of oestradiol in plasma and the number of aspirated follicles, compared to norethisterone. The administration of FSH for 2 days following oestrogen-progestogen pretreatment and prior to the fixed schedule of ovulation stimulation normalized ovarian steroidogenesis and follicular development. Early follicular phase supplementation with FSH had no influence on progestogen pretreated cycles. The final experiment investigated the influence of FSH/LH levels in the early follicular phase on the outcome of ovarian stimulation. The preovulatory oestradiol concentration was reduced when baseline FSH/LH levels were low compared with when these values were high. Administration of FSH for 2 days in the early follicular phase improved the preovulatory level of oestradiol when baseline FSH/LH was low but had no effect when baseline FSH/LH levels were high. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Yeast Nuclei Display Prominent Centromere Clustering That Is Reduced in Nondividing Cells and in Meiotic Prophase

Chromosome arrangement in spread nuclei of the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization with probes to centromeres and telomeric chromosome regions. We found that during interphase centromeres are tightly clustered in a peripheral region of the nucleus, whereas telomeres tend to occupy the area outside the centromeric domain. In vigorously growing cultures, centromere clustering occurred in ∼90% of cells and it appeared to be maintained throughout interphase. It was reduced when cells were kept under stationary conditions for an extended period. In meiosis, centromere clusters disintegrated before the emergence of the earliest precursors of the synaptonemal complex. Evidence for the contribution of centromere clustering to other aspects of suprachromosomal nuclear order, in particular the vegetative association of homologous chromosomes, is provided, and a possible supporting role in meiotic homology searching is discussed.