Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The compartmental restriction of cerebellar interneurons

The Purkinje cells (PC's) of the cerebellar cortex are subdivided into multiple different molecular phenotypes that form an elaborate array of parasagittal stripes. This array serves as a scaffold around which afferent topography is organized. The ways in which cerebellar interneurons may be restricted by this scaffolding are less well-understood. This review begins with a brief survey of cerebellar topography. Next, it reviews the development of stripes in the cerebellum with a particular emphasis on the embryological origins of cerebellar interneurons. These data serve as a foundation to discuss the hypothesis that cerebellar compartment boundaries also restrict cerebellar interneurons, both excitatory [granule cells, unipolar brush cells (UBCs)] and inhibitory (e.g., Golgi cells, basket cells). Finally, it is proposed that the same PC scaffold that restricts afferent terminal fields to stripes may also act to organize cerebellar interneurons.
Three-Terminal Nonvolatile Resistive-Change Device Integrated in Cu-BEOL

A diode-inserted complementary atom switch with two resistive-change junctions coupled with the diode-inserted gate is proposed. The atom switch serves the nonvolatile resistive-change junction, where the two atom switches are connected in series with opposite direction and transfer or cutoff the signals. The gate is placed between them through the diode, where back-end-of-the-line- Ta2O5-x diode is directly stacked on the two of atom switches, achieving high rectifying separation of the gate. The developed device realizes the three-terminal operation and potentially enables to replace the CMOS routing switch composed of SRAM and transmission gate with nonvolatility.
Green light for greener supply

The supply chain management function is currently undergoing a dramatic change: it is adopting an increasingly strategic role. However, this growing financial importance is matched in only a handful of exemplary companies by a greater contribution to environmental protection initiatives in the supply chain. This paper explores some of the obstacles to greater supply chain management involvement in environmental protection and offers suggestions for greener supply. At a personal level, the gap between public opinion on the environment and managerial values needs to be closed, and the support offered by management education and by professional bodies needs to be improved. Within the organisation, the reward structure for supply chain managers needs to move away from narrow economic criteria. Greener supply would also benefit from a larger supply chain management role in corporate strategy making; the function could even be offered a seat on the Board of Management. Changes to the mode of supply chain management, including improvements to the information flow on environmental issues, the decision–making tools used in the face of complex environmental challenges and novel approaches to supply chain management need to receive urgent attention.
Neuronal Regulation of Glutamate Transporter Subtype Expression in Astrocytes

GLT-1, GLAST, and EAAC1 are high-affinity, Na+-dependent glutamate transporters identified in rat forebrain. The expression of these transporter subtypes was characterized in three preparations: undifferentiated rat cortical astrocyte cultures, astrocytes cocultured with cortical neurons, and astrocyte cultures differentiated with dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dBcAMP). The undifferentiated astrocyte monocultures expressed only the GLAST subtype. Astrocytes cocultured with neurons developed a stellate morphology and expressed both GLAST and GLT-1; neurons expressed only the EAAC1 transporter, and rare microglia in these cultures expressed GLT-1. Treatment of astrocyte cultures with dBcAMP induced expression of GLT-1 and increased expression of GLAST. These effects of dBcAMP on transporter expression were qualitatively similar to those resulting from coculture with neurons, but immunocytochemistry showed the pattern of transporter expression to be more complex in the coculture preparations. Compared with astrocytes expressing only GLAST, the dBcAMP-treated cultures expressing both GLAST and GLT-1 showed an increase in glutamate uptake Vmax, but no change in the glutamate Km and no increased sensitivity to inhibition by dihydrokainate. Pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid andthreo-β-hydroxyaspartic acid caused relatively less inhibition of transport in cultures expressing both GLAST and GLT-1, suggesting a weaker effect at GLT-1 than at GLAST. These studies show that astrocyte expression of glutamate transporter subtypes is influenced by neurons, and that dBcAMP can partially mimic this influence. Manipulation of transporter expression in astrocyte cultures may permit identification of factors regulating the expression and function of GLAST and GLT-1 in their native cell type.
Book Review: Crossing the Mainstream: Ethical and Methodological Issues in Economics

Alchian, A. 1950. Uncertainty, evolution and economic theory. Journal of Political Economy 58: 2111–221. Dugger, W. , and H. J. Sherman. 2000. Reclaiming evolution: A dialogue between Marxism and institutionalism on social change. London: Routledge. Hodgson, G. 1993. Economics and evolution: Bringing life back into economics. Cambridge: Polity. Nelson, R. , and S. Winter. 1982. An evolutionary theory of economic change. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Sherman, H. J. 2003. Evolutionary economics from a radical perspective. Journal of Economic Issues 37 (1) (March): 75–83.
Kink Characterization and Modeling in Transmembrane Protein Structures

Kinks have been observed to provide important functional and structural features for membrane proteins. Despite their ubiquity in membrane proteins, and their perceived importance, no protein modeling methods explicitly considers kinks. In spite of the limited data for transmembrane proteins, we were able to develop a knowledge-based modeling method for introducing kinks, which we demonstrate can be exploited in modeling approaches to improve the quality of models. The work entailed a thorough analysis of the available high resolution membrane protein structures, concomitantly demonstrating the complexity of the structural considerations for kink prediction. Furthermore, our results indicate that there are systematic and significant differences in the sequence as well as the structural environment between kinked and nonkinked transmembrane helices. To the best of our knowledge, we are reporting a method for modeling kinks for the first time.
Assessment of Critical Thinking: ETS's Tasks in Critical Thinking

The purpose of this study was to analyze the Educational Testing Service's Tasks in Critical Thinking as a measure of college student critical thinking skills. The results indicated that difficulty levels of the Tasks and Skills were not consistent. Task and Skill performance had little relationship with verbal or math performance, and was also found to have weak relationships with General Education course performance. Overall, the number of General Education courses taken did not affect student performance on the Tasks, and students' content specific knowledge did not influence performance on content specific Tasks.
Reproductive history of women dying of sudden cardiac death: a case-control study.

Reproductive history events may be risk factors for sudden coronary death (SCD) among women. A retrospective case-control study of SCD among women aged 25-64 was conducted in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. The present analysis focused on a description and analysis involving the childbearing and reproductive history of 67 ever-married female SCD cases and 73 ever-married neighbourhood controls with a mean age of 54.6 and 53.4 years respectively. Information included: age and number of years married, number of children, age at first birth, cardiovascular risk factors, obstetric and gynaecological history. Age and the risk factors, history of hypertension or diabetes, cigarette intake, death of significant other and psychiatric disease, were controlled for in the analysis. More cases than controls experienced their first birth before age 20 (14 of the SCD and 7 controls). However, after adjustment for cigarette smoking status, a strong predictor of sudden cardiac death, the effect of early childbearing did not remain significant for this population. In women less than or equal to 50 years of age, childlessness was not a risk factor for SCD (1 of 16 cases and 2 of 26 controls were childless). However in women greater than 50 years of age, childlessness was a significant predictor of SCD (OR = 6.7 (1.3-32] 12 of 51 cases were childless compared to 2 of 46 controls. After adjustment for aged and other coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors, the relationship of nulliparity with sudden cardiac death remained in this age group. There was no difference in hysterectomy or miscarriage history or in the total years married between cases and controls. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Co-expression of sCD40LIg and CTLA4Ig mediated by adenovirus prolonged mouse skin allograft survival

Objective: To investigate the role of simultaneous blockade of CD40/CD40L and B7/CD28 pathways in the immune tolerance via co-expression of sCD40LIg and CTLA4Ig mediated by replication-defective adenovirus. Methods: Ad-sCD40LIg-IRES2-CTLA4Ig, replication-defective adenovirus co-expressing sCD40LIg and CTLA4Ig, was constructed and identified. The co-expression of sCD40LIg and CTLA4Ig was evaluated with confocal laser scanning microscope and Western blotting. Skin transplantations of C57BL/6 to BALB/c mice were performed. PBS, Ad-Shuttle-CMV and Ad-sCD40LIg-IRES2-CTLA4Ig were administered. Skin graft survival was monitored and the mRNA expression of both genes was evaluated in the skin allografts. Results: Ad-sCD40LIg-IRES2-CTLA4Ig was constructed successfully and identified. The co-expression of sCD40LIg and CTLA4Ig was identified with confocal laser scanning microscopy and Western blotting. Compared to the skin graft mean survival time (MST) of non-treated group ((5.75±0.71) d) or Ad-Shuttle-CMV-treated group ((5.50±0.53) d), the skin graft MST was dramatically prolonged in the Ad-sCD40LIg-IRES2-CTLA4Ig-treated group ((16.38±1.19) d, P<0.001). The mRNA expression of both genes was detected. Conclusion: Ad-sCD40LIg-IRES2-CTLA4Ig, a replication-defective adenovirus carrying genes encoding sCD40LIg and CTLA4Ig, was constructed. Simultaneous blockade of CD40/CD40L and B7/CD28 costimulatory pathway mediated by replication-defective adenovirus significantly prolonged skin allograft survival in mice.
Heterogeneous UGV-MAV exploration using integer programming

This paper presents a novel exploration strategy for coordinated exploration between unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) and micro-air vehicles (MAV). The exploration is modeled as an Integer Programming (IP) optimization problem and the allocation of the vehicles(agents) to frontier locations is modeled using binary variables. The formulation is also studied for distributed system, where agents are divided into multiple teams using graph partitioning. Optimization seamlessly integrates several practical constraints that arise in exploration between such heterogeneous agents and provides an elegant solution for assigning task to agents. We have also presented comparison with previous methods based on distance traversed and computational time to signify advantages of presented method. We also show practical realization of such an exploration where an UGV-MAV team efficiently builds a map of an indoor environment.
Modeling bilingual word recognition: Past, present and future

The detailed comments of our colleagues on our keynote article suggest that they all value the integration of various sorts of empirical data into one formalized model of bilingual word recognition. Taking this position, our peers propose further specifications or adaptations of the proposed BIA+ model with respect to its representations, processes or control structure; and they indicate what, in their view, should be the next step in model development or empirical testing. We are grateful for their contributions, which we will carefully think through in the coming time and use as a basis for future implementations.
Reflections on industry trends and experimental research in dependability

Experimental research in dependability has evolved over the past 30 years accompanied by dramatic changes in the computing industry. To understand the magnitude and nature of this evolution, this paper analyzes industrial trends, namely: 1) shifting error sources, 2) explosive complexity, and 3) global volume. Under each-of these trends, the paper explores research technologies that are applicable either to the finished product or artifact, and the processes that are used to produce products. The study gives a framework to not only reflect on the research of the past, but also project the needs of the future.
Towards Predicting the Runtime of Iterative Analytics with PREDIcT

Machine learning algorithms are widely used today for analytical tasks such as data cleaning, data categorization, or data filtering. At the same time, the rise of social media motivates recent uptake in large scale graph processing. Both categories of algorithms are dominated by iterative subtasks, i.e., processing steps which are executed repetitively until a convergence condition is met. Optimizing cluster resource allocations among multiple workloads of iterative algorithms motivates the need for estimating their resource requirements and runtime, which in turn requires: i) predicting the number of iterations, and ii) predicting the processing time of each iteration. As both parameters depend on the characteristics of the dataset and on the convergence function, estimating their values before execution is difficult. This paper proposes PREDIcT, an experimental methodology for predicting the runtime of iterative algorithms. PREDIcT uses sample runs for capturing the algorithm's convergence trend and per-iteration key input features that are well correlated with the actual processing requirements of the complete input dataset. Using this combination of characteristics we predict the runtime of iterative algorithms, including algorithms with very different runtime patterns among subsequent iterations. Our experimental evaluation of multiple algorithms on scale-free graphs shows a relative prediction error of 10%-30% for predicting runtime, including algorithms with up to 100x runtime variability among consecutive iterations.
Tissue-Specific Accumulation of Sulfur Compounds and Saponins in Different Parts of Garlic Cloves from Purple and White Ecotypes

This study set out to determine the distribution of sulfur compounds and saponin metabolites in different parts of garlic cloves. Three fractions from purple and white garlic ecotypes were obtained: the tunic (SS), internal (IS) and external (ES) parts of the clove. Liquid Chromatography coupled to High Resolution Mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), together with bioinformatics including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Clustering (HCL) and correlation network analyses were carried out. Results showed that the distribution of these metabolites in the different parts of garlic bulbs was different for the purple and the white ecotypes, with the main difference being a slightly higher number of sulfur compounds in purple garlic. The SS fraction in purple garlic had a higher content of sulfur metabolites, while the ES in white garlic was more enriched by these compounds. The correlation network indicated that diallyl disulfide was the most relevant metabolite with regards to sulfur compound metabolism in garlic. The total number of saponins was almost 40-fold higher in purple garlic than in the white variety, with ES having the highest content. Interestingly, five saponins including desgalactotigonin-rhamnose, proto-desgalactotigonin, proto-desgalactotigonin-rhamnose, voghieroside D1, sativoside B1-rhamnose and sativoside R1 were exclusive to the purple variety. Data obtained from saponin analyses revealed a very different network between white and purple garlic, thus suggesting a very robust and tight coregulation of saponin metabolism in garlic. Findings in this study point to the possibility of using tunics from purple garlic in the food and medical industries, since it contains many functional compounds which can be exploited as ingredients.
The Kentucky Principalship: Model of School Leadership Reconfigured by ISLLC Standards and Reform Policy Implementation

This article provides perspectives about influences on the principalship following a state's 1998 adoption—without modification—of the Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium Standards for School Leaders. Using literature about reconceptualizing school leadership as the framework, the paper summarizes changes in state-regulated administrator certification, state-approved preservice preparation, state-mandated first-year induction of new principals, and district-designed administrator performance evaluation that have occurred since adoption of the Standards. Perspectives about policy and contextual issues that challenge and enhance opportunities for Kentucky to achieve its goal of reshaping administrative practice are shared. Recommendations for future research about the implementation of the Standards include (a) studies about the practice of contemporary school leadership, (b) longitudinal and cross-case inquiries about implementation, and (c) explorations of the influences of school leadership on student performance through backward mapping to principal preparation.
On architectural qualities and tactics for mobile sensing

Mobile sensing denotes the use of mobile devices and their integrated sensors for sensing and learning physical and social phenomena, and to use derived information for sharing, informing, and persuading humans. From the perspective of software architecture, mobile sensing bears several design challenges regarding, e.g., use of battery powered mobile devices, and collection and processing of sensor data. In this paper, we present tactics to address these architecture design challenges. We discuss the two architectural qualities energy efficiency and resource adaptability, and describe them using general scenario-generation tables to support the systematic specification of architecture requirements. Furthermore, we develop a catalog of architectural tactics distilled from literature to enable developers to systematically apply proven methods. For each tactic, we provide examples to relate the respective tactics to particular cases illustrating their use in practice. Finally, we provide a preliminary validation of the proposed systematized tactics catalog, which was conducted with student teams. Our preliminary findings show that the tactics are beneficial to provide a guideline and to create awareness of the special challenges of energy-efficient and resource-adaptable architecture design.
Mood-Optimizing Strategies in Aesthetic-Choice Behavior

In two experiments, we examined the manner in which people sequence and chunk their exposure to artistic and nonartistic stimuli differing in pleasingness. A new forced-choice paradigm with fixed time allotments for five choice alternatives was used in both studies. In Experiment 1, subjects made repeated choices among four types of music and an aversive tone, whereas in Experiment 2, the choices were made among Hvc types of slides ranging from nude females to assault victims. In both studies, subjects had to be exposed to 2 min each of the five alternatives, but the order and chunking, in 15-sec intervals, was up to them. For both auditory and visual stimuli, subjects chose the aversive ones early in the session and reserved the most pleasing stimuli for the end. Runs of aversive stimuli were interspersed with exposure to the moderately pleasing ones. For music, but not visual stimuli, the most pleasing type was chosen in the longest runs. The results were interpreted in terms of global and local aesthetic- choice strategies people use to optimize mood.
InnoDB Database Forensics: Reconstructing Data Manipulation Queries from Redo Logs

InnoDB is a powerful open-source storage engine for MySQL that gained much popularity during the recent years. This paper proposes methods for forensic analysis of InnoDB databases by analyzing the redo logs, primarily used for crash recovery within the storage engine. This new method can be very useful in forensic investigations where the attacker got admin privileges, or was the admin himself. While such a powerful attacker could cover tracks by manipulating the log files intended for fraud detection, data cannot be changed easily in the redo logs. Based on a prototype implementation, we show methods for recovering Insert, Delete and Update statements issued against a database.
Empowering software defined wireless Networks through Media Independent Handover management

Internet access and service utilization has been exploding in mobile devices, through the leverage of WLAN, 3G and now LTE connections. It is this explosion as well that is stressing the underlying fabric of the Internet, and motivating new solutions, such as Software Defined Networking (SDN), to build the controlling support and extension capabilities of the Future Internet. However, SDN has yet to reach the necessary traction to be deployed, and has been more relayed towards experimentation supporting frameworks and away from wireless environments. This paper explores SDN mechanisms and increments them with Media Independent Handover services from the IEEE 802.21 standard, coupling them in a single framework for the dynamic optimized support of OpenFlow path establishment and wireless connectivity establishment. The framework was implemented over open-source software in a physical testbed, with results showing the benefits that this solution brings in terms of performance and signaling overhead, when compared with more basic approaches.
Widely Linear Multiuser Simultaneous Information and Power Transfer with One-Dimensional Signaling

Emerging wireless technologies require the support for a massive number of low data rate battery operated devices. With this motivation, this paper employs widely linear processing in simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) systems. By considering the transmission of low-rate one-dimensionally modulated signals in the downlink of a SWIPT broadcast channel, a widely linear zero forcing (ZF) precoder and a widely linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) precoder are proposed which are capable of offering service to more users than the number of transmit antennas. Semi closed-form solutions are obtained for both scenarios and iterative dual ascent based algorithms are presented to obtain the transmit precoding (beamforming) matrices. Simulation results demonstrate the effect of widely linear processing in increasing the number of information decoding devices.
A Machine Learning Approach for Recognizing Textual Entailment in Spanish

This paper presents a system that uses machine learning algorithms for the task of recognizing textual entailment in Spanish language. The datasets used include SPARTE Corpus and a translated version to Spanish of RTE3, RTE4 and RTE5 datasets. The features chosen quantify lexical, syntactic and semantic level matching between text and hypothesis sentences. We analyze how the different sizes of datasets and classifiers could impact on the final overall performance of the RTE classification of two-way task in Spanish. The RTE system yields 60.83% of accuracy and a competitive result of 66.50% of accuracy is reported by train and test set taken from SPARTE Corpus with 70% split.