Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D Concentration and Motoric Cognitive Risk in Older Adults: Results from the Gait and Alzheimer Interactions Tracking (GAIT) Cohort

Background. Motoric Cognitive Risk (MCR) syndrome, which combines subjective memory complaint (SMC) and slower gait speed, is a newly-described predementia stage. Based on the involvement of vitamin D in the biology of both gait and cognition, we hypothesized that nondemented individuals with MCR would exhibit hypovitaminosis D more often compared to Cognitively Healthy Individuals (CHI). The objective of this cross-sectional analysis was to determine whether hypovitaminosis D was associated with MCR. Methods. Participants without dementia from the GAIT (Gait and Alzheimer Interactions Tracking) cohort study were classified into MCR or Cognitively Healthy Individuals (CHI) groups. Hypovitaminosis D was defined as the lowest quartile of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration compared to the other three combined. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) score, the Mini-Mental Short Examination (MMSE) score, education level, use of psychoactive drugs, and the number of chronic diseases were used as covariates. Results. Among 244 nondemented and nonMCInonMCR participants from the GAIT cohort (mean age 71.4 ± 3.7 years, 40.6% women), 66 participants were classified as MCR (36.9%) and 178 as CHI (63.1%). The lowest quartile of 25OHD concentration was directly associated with MCR (unadjusted OR = 2.85, p = 0.003) even after adjustment for studied potential confounders (fully adjusted OR = 2.61, p = 0.025). The BMI (adjusted OR = 6.65, p < 0.001), MMSE score (adjusted OR = 0.74, p = 0.009), FAB score (adjusted OR = 0.51, p < 0.001), number of chronic diseases (adjusted OR = 1.29, p = 0.043) and use of psychoactive drugs (adjusted OR = 2.55, p = 0.044) were also associated with MCR. Conclusions. Hypovitaminosis D was associated with MCR in older community-dwellers without dementia.
The X-ray emission of the high-mass X-ray binary IGR J17200−3116

The source IGR J17200-3116 was discovered in the hard X-ray band by INTEGRAL. A periodic X-ray modulation at ~326 s was detected in its Swift light curves by our group (and subsequently confirmed by a Swift campaign). In this paper, we report on the analysis of all the Swift observations, which were collected between 2005 and 2011, and of a ~20 ks XMM-Newton pointing that was carried out in 2013 September. During the years covered by the Swift and XMM-Newton observations, the 1-10 keV fluxes range from ~1.5 to 4E-11 erg/cm^2/s. IGR J17200-3116 displays spectral variability as a function of the pulse phase and its light curves show at least one short (a few hundreds of seconds) dip, during which the flux dropped at 20-30% of the average level. Overall, the timing and spectral characteristics of IGR J17200-3116 point to an accreting neutron star in a high-mass system but, while the pulse-phase spectral variability can be accounted for by assuming a variable local absorbing column density, the origin of the dip is unclear. We discuss different possible explanations for this feature, favouring a transition to an ineffective accretion regime, instead of an enhanced absorption along the line of sight.
Barriers to effective hypertension management in rural Bihar, India: A cross-sectional, linked supply- and demand-side study

Effective management of hypertension in low- and middle-income settings is a persistent public health challenge. This study examined supply- and demand-side barriers to receiving quality care and achieving effective hypertension management in rural Bihar, India. A state-representative household survey collected information from adults over 30 years of age on characteristics of the hypertension screening, diagnosis, and management services they received. A linked provider assessment determined the percent of providers who provided quality hypertension care (i.e., had a functioning BP measurement device, measured a patient’s BP, could correctly diagnose hypertension, had at least one first-line antihypertension medication, and could prescribe correctly based on standard guidelines). Patients were linked with their provider to determine the quality-adjusted coverage of hypertension management and logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine characteristics associated with receiving quality care. A total of 14,386 patients and 390 providers were studied. Nearly a quarter (22.5%) of adults had never had their BP measured before and 8.1% of adults reported a previous hypertension diagnosis. Less than one third (31.0%) of all interviewed providers demonstrated ability to provide quality hypertension care, and quality varied between provider types (14.8% of private homeopathic, 25.2% of informal, 40.0% of private modern medicine, and 60.0% of public providers gave quality care). While 95.8% of diagnosed individuals received some treatment, only 10.9% of patients received care from quality local providers. Nearly 45% of individuals with hypertension received care from non-local providers. Individuals from the general caste with comorbidities living in villages with more high-quality providers were most likely to receive quality care from a local provider. Whereas the coverage of services for individuals diagnosed with hypertension is high, the quality of these services is suboptimal for economically and socially vulnerable populations, which limits effective management and control of hypertension in rural Bihar. Efforts should be targeted towards providers to initiate quality treatment upon diagnosis, including correct prescription of antihypertensives.
Self-assembling ferroelectric Na0.5K0.5NbO3 thin films by pulsed-laser deposition

Highly [100]-axis oriented single-phase Na0.5K0. 5NbO3 (NKN) thin films have been grown on polycrystalline Pt80Ir20 (Pt) and SiO2 (native oxide)/Si (111) substrates using KrF excimer laser ablation of a stoichiometric ceramic target. X-ray diffraction θ–2θ scan and rocking curve data are evidence of the strong effect of film self-assembling along the [100] direction regardless of the substrate texture. Furthermore, multiple-cell structuring along the polar axis has been observed in NKN films grown onto the Pt substrate. Ferroelectric measurements yield remnant polarization Pr of 10 μC/cm2 and spontaneous polarization Ps of 17.5 μC/cm2 at 80 kV/cm. The electrical resistivity of the Na0.5K0. 5NbO3 film was in the order of 1010 Ω cm at 10 kV/cm. Dielectric permittivity e′ and dissipation factor tan δ have been found to vary 480–440 and 0.028–0.024, respectively, in the frequency range 0.4–100 kHz.
Premixed flame propagation in vertical tubes

Analytical treatment of premixed flame propagation in vertical tubes with smooth walls is given. Using the on-shell flame description, equations describing quasi-steady flame with a small but finite front thickness are obtained and solved numerically. It is found that near the limits of inflammability, solutions describing upward flame propagation come in pairs having close propagation speeds, and that the effect of gravity is to reverse the burnt gas velocity profile generated by the flame. On the basis of these results, a theory of partial flame propagation driven by the gravitational field is developed. A complete explanation is given of the intricate observed behavior of limit flames, including dependence of the inflammability range on the size of the combustion domain, the large distances of partial flame propagation, and the progression of flame extinction. The role of the finite front-thickness effects is discussed in detail. Also, various mechanisms governing flame acceleration in smooth tubes are identified. Acceleration of methane-air flames in open tubes is shown to be a combined effect of the hydrostatic pressure difference produced by the ambient cold air and the difference of dynamic gas pressure at the tube ends. On the other hand, a strong spontaneous acceleration of the fast methane-oxygen flames at the initial stage of their evolution in open-closed tubes is conditioned by metastability of the quasi-steady propagation regimes. An extensive comparison of the obtained results with the experimental data is made.
Measurement of fission cross-section of actinides at n_TOF for advanced nuclear reactors

The subject of this thesis is the determination of high accuracy neutron-induced fission cross-sections of various isotopes - all of which radioactive - of interest for emerging nuclear technologies. The measurements had been performed at the CERN neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF. In particular, in this work, fission cross-sections on 233U, the main fissile isotope of the Th/U fuel cycle, and on the minor actinides 241Am, 243Am and 245Cm, have been analyzed. Data on these isotopes are requested for the feasibility study of innovative nuclear systems (ADS and Generation IV reactors) currently being considered for energy production and radioactive waste transmutation. The measurements have been performed a high performance Fission Ionization Chamber (FIC), in conjunction with an innovative data acquisition system based on Flash-ADCs. The first step in the analysis has been the reconstruction of the digitized signals, in order to extract the information required for the discrimination between fission fragments and the background, as well as for the determination of the neutron's energy from its time-of-flight. Fission cross-sections for the various isotopes have been determined relative to the 235U(n,f) reaction, which is considered a standard of measurement in a wide energy range. In order to minimize systematic uncertainties, this reaction has been measured with the same detector and at the same time of the reactions subject of this thesis. A fundamental part of the thesis work has been the analysis of the 235U(n,f) reaction, which has allowed to study the response of the fission chamber, thanks also to the use of detailed Monte Carlo simulations, performed with state-of-the-art codes for neutron transport and interaction. Moreover, the analysis of the 235U(n,f) reaction has allowed the energy calibration of the neutron beam, the determination of the incident neutron flux and an accurate estimate of the background. In the present thesis the final results for the 233U(n,f) cross-section are shown, as well as the preliminary results for the 241Am(n,f), 243Am(n,f) and 245Cm(n,f) cross-sections. The characteristics of the n_TOF neutron beam have allowed to obtain results in a wide energy range, from about 30 meV to 1 MeV, in a single measurement. For the 233U(n,f) case, the final uncertainties on the cross-section are slightly larger than 3\%, a value required for the development of innovative nuclear systems. In order to reach such an accuracy, corrections for sample-dependent efficiencies, as well as for reaction-related dead-time effects, have been applied.
A Review of Recent Advances in Vital Signals Monitoring of Sports and Health via Flexible Wearable Sensors

In recent years, vital signals monitoring in sports and health have been considered the research focus in the field of wearable sensing technologies. Typical signals include bioelectrical signals, biophysical signals, and biochemical signals, which have applications in the fields of athletic training, medical diagnosis and prevention, and rehabilitation. In particular, since the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a dramatic increase in real-time interest in personal health. This has created an urgent need for flexible, wearable, portable, and real-time monitoring sensors to remotely monitor these signals in response to health management. To this end, the paper reviews recent advances in flexible wearable sensors for monitoring vital signals in sports and health. More precisely, emerging wearable devices and systems for health and exercise-related vital signals (e.g., ECG, EEG, EMG, inertia, body movements, heart rate, blood, sweat, and interstitial fluid) are reviewed first. Then, the paper creatively presents multidimensional and multimodal wearable sensors and systems. The paper also summarizes the current challenges and limitations and future directions of wearable sensors for vital typical signal detection. Through the review, the paper finds that these signals can be effectively monitored and used for health management (e.g., disease prediction) thanks to advanced manufacturing, flexible electronics, IoT, and artificial intelligence algorithms; however, wearable sensors and systems with multidimensional and multimodal are more compliant.
Variational average atom in quantum plasmas (VAAQP)—first numerical results

A new code called VAAQP (variational average atom in quantum plasmas) is briefly described and its first results in the case of aluminium at solid density and temperatures between 0.05 and 12 eV are reported. The code is based on a new fully variational approach to plasmas at local equilibrium with both bound and free electrons treated quantum mechanically. This model which is derived from two first terms of the cluster expansion appears to be the quantum extension of the well-known atom-in-cell model based on the Thomas–Fermi theory (Thomas–Fermi average atom) that has been proposed in 1949 by Feynman, Metropolis and Teller. Similar to the case of Feynman et al's model the VAAQP approach, due to its fully variational character, respects the virial theorem and uses a simple formula for the electronic pressure. Comparisons to results obtained using other approaches are also shown and discussed in the aluminium case. The results confirm the feasibility of the quantum variational model in the warm dense matter regime. Effects of the variational treatment can lead in this regime to significant differences with respect to existing non-variational models.
The UV spectrum of the Galactic Bulge

Abstract The aim of this work is to investigate the possible existence of the UV-excess in the Milky Way bulge and its correlation with the presence of sdB stars in the bulge. The integrated spectrum of a bulge region from the UV to the optical was constructed. Results show that this bulge region has only a very weak UV excess
associated with differential expression of elements

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are ancestorial retroviral elements that were integrated into the mammalian genome through germline infections and insertions during evolution. While increased ERV expression has been repeatedly implicated in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, recent evidence suggests that aberrant endogenous retroviral activity may contribute to biologically defined subgroups of psychotic disorders with persisting immunological dysfunctions. Here, we explored whether ERV expression is altered in a mouse model of maternal immune activation (MIA), a transdiagnostic environmental risk factor of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. MIA was induced by maternal administration of poly(I:C) on gestation day 12 in C57BL/6N mice. Murine ERV transcripts were quantified in the placentae and fetal brains shortly after poly(I:C)-induced MIA, as well as in adult offspring that were stratified according to their behavioral profiles. We found that MIA increased and reduced levels of class II ERVs and syncytins, respectively, in placentae and fetal brain tissue. We also revealed abnormal ERV expression in MIA-exposed offspring depending on whether they displayed overt behavioral anomalies or not. Taken together, our findings provide a proof of concept that an inflammatory stimulus, even when initiated in prenatal life, has the potential of altering ERV expression across fetal to adult stages of development. Moreover, our data highlight that susceptibility and resilience to MIA are associated with differential ERV expression, suggesting that early-life exposure to inflammatory factors may play a role in determining disease susceptibility by inducing persistent alterations in the expression of endogenous retroviral elements. for a role of in susceptibility to overexpression of may confer susceptibility to long-term behavioral effects in and developmentally regulated downregulation of ERVs may protect female MIA offspring from developing overt in adult life. is at the present stage of investigation, but at the same time, it offers a theoretical framework for future studies aiming to molecular underlying the sex-specific effects of on ERV expression in behaviorally stratified offspring.
High-redshift JWST predictions from IllustrisTNG: dust modelling and galaxy luminosity functions

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) promises to revolutionize our understanding of the early Universe, and contrasting its upcoming observations with predictions of the Λ cold dark matter model requires detailed theoretical forecasts. Here, we exploit the large dynamic range of the IllustrisTNG simulation suite, TNG50, TNG100, and TNG300, to derive multiband galaxy luminosity functions from z = 2 to z = 10. We put particular emphasis on the exploration of different dust attenuation models to determine galaxy luminosity functions for the rest-frame ultraviolet (UV), and apparent wide NIRCam bands. Our most detailed dust model is based on continuum Monte Carlo radiative transfer calculations employing observationally calibrated dust properties. This calibration results in constraints on the redshift evolution of the dust attenuation normalization and dust-to-metal ratios yielding a stronger redshift evolution of the attenuation normalization compared to most previous theoretical studies. Overall we find good agreement between the rest-frame UV luminosity functions and observational data for all redshifts, also beyond the regimes used for the dust model calibrations. Furthermore, we also recover the observed high-redshift (z = 4–6) UV luminosity versus stellar mass relation, the H α versus star formation rate relation, and the H α luminosity function at z = 2. The bright end (MUV > −19.5) cumulative galaxy number densities are consistent with observational data. For the F200W NIRCam band, we predict that JWST will detect ∼80 (∼200) galaxies with a signal-to-noise ratio of 10 (5) within the NIRCam field of view, $2.2\times 2.2 \, {\rm arcmin}^{2}$, for a total exposure time of $10^5\, {\rm s}$ in the redshift range z = 8 ± 0.5. These numbers drop to ∼10 (∼40) for an exposure time of $10^4\, {\rm s}$.
Cold flow simulation for a S.I. engine with shrouded intake valve

The aim of the work is to analyse the impact of the intake valve design on the cold flow of internal combustion engines. Two shrouded intake valves and one basic intake valve were used for the analysis. Tests have been carried out for a wide range of speeds. The two models of shrouded valves use different concepts, and to increase swirl and tumble turbulence respectively. The results of the simulation show a clear increase in turbulence, sometimes at the cost of decreasing the volume efficiency.
Eddy current assessment of flaw severity of cylindrical products

This paper proposes the use of specific procedures of electromagnetic nondestructive testing method for evaluation of flaw severity in cylindrical products. The phenomena of mechanical and / or thermal fatigue as well as accidental handling can generate the appearance of flaws followed by the increase of these in the metal tubes. This paper proposes the use of specific procedures of electromagnetic nondestructive testing method for evaluation of flaw severity in cylindrical products, which included in a database, makes it useful for the operation of automatic classification of the severity of discontinuities, being based on the method of neural network “learning” to remain immune to certain signal-to-noise ratio. With this, inner circumferential discontinuities with 1mm depth can be detected with probability of detection more than 89% for 90% confidence level.
THREE CANDIDATE CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES AT REDSHIFT ∼1.8: THE “MISSING LINK” BETWEEN PROTOCLUSTERS AND LOCAL CLUSTERS?

We present three candidate clusters of galaxies at redshifts most likely between 1.7 and 2.0, which corresponds to a fundamentally unexplored epoch of cluster evolution. The candidates were found by studying the environment around our newly selected sample of “beacons” low-luminosity (FR I) radio galaxies in the COSMOS field. In this way, we intend to use the fact that FR Is at low z are almost invariably located in clusters of galaxies. We use the most accurate photometric redshifts available to date, derived by the COSMOS collaboration using photometry with a set of 30 filters, to look for three-dimensional space overdensities around our objects. Three out of the five FR Is in our sample which possess reliable photometric redshifts between zphot = 1.7 and 2.0 display overdensities that together are statistically significant at the 4σ level, compared to field counts, arguing for the presence of rich clusters of galaxies in their Mpc environment. These first results show that the new method for finding high-z clusters we recently proposed, which makes use of low-power FR I radio galaxies instead of the more powerful FR II sources often used in the literature to date, is returning very promising candidates.
Prediction of safe bearing capacity for settlement criteria using neuro-fuzzy inference system for Clayey soils

Safe bearing capacity (SBC) may be estimated for cohesive soil using the IS Code it is essential to conduct shear tests in order to identify the angle of internal friction and cohesion, SPT tests in order to determine the N-value of the soil, as well as tests in order to determine the dry density of the soil and the relative density of the soil. The SBC of soil is estimated as per settlement criteria using laboratory evaluations of its essential properties. This study suggests the use of ANFIS to predict the Safe Bearing Capacity of cohesive soil as a function of foundation depth, foundation depth, dry density, liquid limit, plasticity index, percentage fine fraction, width/length ratio (in case of square/rectangular footing), and N-Value. An attempt is in the present work with inputs such as foundation depth, dry density, liquid limit, plasticity index, percentage fine fraction, width/length ratio, and N-Value and output as safe bearing capacity. Each input parameter has a different number of membership functions and gaussbell is used in five ANFIS models. The most accurate model, MODEL-IV, with an RMSE of 9.762 and an R2 of 0.9485. For cohesive soil, the results indicate that ANFIS can be used to predict the SBC.
Paths, flows, matchings

Introduction. - Paths and Flows. - Bipartite Matching and Covering. - Nonbipartite Matching and Covering. - Matroids and Submodular Functions. - Trees, Branchings, and Connectors. - Cliques, Stable Sets and Colouring. - Multiflows and Disjoint Paths. - Hypergraphs. - Survey of Problems, Questions and Conjectures. - References. - Name Index. - Subject Index.