Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
WEAK SEMISTABLE REDUCTION IN CHARACTERISTIC 0

0. INTRODUCTION Regretfully, we work over an algebraically closed eld k of characteristic 0. 0.1. The problem. Roughly speaking, the semistable reduction problem we address here asks for the following: Let X ! B be a surjective morphism of projective varieties with geometrically integral generic ber. Find a generically nite proper surjective morphism (that is, an alteration) B 1 ! B, and a proper birational morphism (that is, a modiication) Y ! X B B 1 , such that the morphism Y ! B 1 is nice. Of course, one needs to decide what a \nice morphism" means. The question was posed, among other places, in the introduction of KKMS], p. vii. It can be viewed as a natural extension of Hironaka's theorem on resolution of singularities, which is in a sense \the general ber" of semistable reduction. 0.2. Brief history. The case dimB = 1; dimX = 2 is very old, see D-M], A-W]. When dimB = 1; semistable reduction was obtained in KKMS], in the best possible sense: Y is nonsingular, and all the bers are reduced, strict divisors of normal crossings. Using a result of Kawamata on ramiied covers (see Kawa], theorem 17), one can obtain semistable reduction \in codimension 1" over a base of arbitrary dimension. Below, we will refer to the result of Kawamata as \Kawamata's trick". We will discuss it in detail in section 5. The case where dimX = dimB + 1 has recently been proven by de Jong dJ]. Here one shows that any family of curves can be made into a family of nodal curves, which are indeed as \nice" as one may expect. Using recent diicult results of Alexeev, Kolll ar and Shepherd-Barron (see Al], Al1]), one obtains a version of the case dimX = dimB+2. Here each ber is a semi-log-canonical surface. Up until recently, not much has been known about the case dimX > dimB + 2. Often one nds remarks of the following avor: \since we do not have a semistable reduction result over a base of higher dimension, we will work around it in the following technical manner. ". 0.3. Deenition of semistable families. We give here a description of the best possible kind of morphisms we have in mind. Let f : X ! B be a at morphism of nonsingular projective varieties with connected bers. Somewhat informally, we say that f is semistable if for …
Adaptive Control of the Translational Oscillator with a Rotational Actuator System

Aimed at the stabilization problem of the translational oscillator with a rotational actuator system(TORA) with unknown parameters, an adaptive state feedback controller with explicit form is proposed. The proposed controller is constituted by a feedback controller and an adaptive law of unknown parameters. The stability of the TORA under the proposed controller is proved. Finally, the effectiveness and performance of the proposed controllers is shown through simulations for the stabilization of the translational oscillator with a rotational actuator system.
Greedy search for descriptive spatial face features

Facial expression recognition methods use a combination of geometric and appearance-based features. Spatial features are derived from displacements of facial landmarks, and carry geometric information. These features are either selected based on prior knowledge, or dimension-reduced from a large pool. In this study, we produce a large number of potential spatial features using two combinations of facial landmarks. Among these, we search for a descriptive subset of features using sequential forward selection. The chosen feature subset is used to classify facial expressions in the extended Cohn-Kanade dataset (CK+), and delivered 88.7% recognition accuracy without using any appearance-based features.
Warped AdS3 black holes

Three dimensional topologically massive gravity (TMG) with a negative cosmological constant ? 2 and positive Newton constant G admits an AdS3 vacuum solution for any value of the graviton mass ? These are all known to be perturbatively unstable except at the recently explored chiral point ? = 1. However we show herein that for every value of ? 3 there are two other (potentially stable) vacuum solutions given by SL(2,) ? U(1)-invariant warped AdS3 geometries, with a timelike or spacelike U(1) isometry. Critical behavior occurs at ? = 3, where the warping transitions from a stretching to a squashing, and there are a pair of warped solutions with a null U(1) isometry. For 3$>? > 3, there are known warped black hole solutions which are asymptotic to warped AdS3. We show that these black holes are discrete quotients of warped AdS3 just as BTZ black holes are discrete quotients of ordinary AdS3. Moreover new solutions of this type, relevant to any theory with warped AdS3 solutions, are exhibited. Finally we note that the black hole thermodynamics is consistent with the hypothesis that, for 3$>? > 3, the warped AdS3 ground state of TMG is holographically dual to a 2D boundary CFT with central charges and .
A Verifying Compiler for a Multi-threaded Object-Oriented Language

A verifying compiler automatically verifies the correctness of a source program before compiling it. Founded on the definition of the source language and a set of rules (a methodology) for using the language, the program’s correctness criteria and correctness argument are provided in the program text by interface specifications and invariants. This paper describes the program-verifier component of a verifying compiler for a core multi-threaded object-oriented language. The verifier takes as input a program written in the source language and generates, via a translation into an intermediate verification language, a set of verification conditions. The verification conditions are first-order logical formulas whose validity implies the correctness of the program. The formulas can be analyzed automatically by a satisfiabilitymodulo-theory (SMT) solver. The paper defines the source language and intermediate language, the translation from the former into the latter, and the generation of verification conditions from the latter. The paper also builds a methodology for writing and verifying singleand multi-threaded code with object invariants, and encodes the methodology into the intermediate-language program. The paper is intended as a student’s guide to understanding automatic program verification. It includes enough detailed information that students can build their own basic program verifier.
Histamine and tryptase modulate asthmatic airway smooth muscle GM-CSF and RANTES release

Degranulating mast cells are increased in the airway smooth muscle (ASM) of asthmatics, where they may influence ASM function. The aim of the present study was to determine whether histamine and tryptase modulate ASM cell granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted) release and also to examine which receptors are involved in this release. Confluent, quiescent ASM cells from asthmatic and nonasthmatic donors were treated with histamine (1 μM–100 μM) with and without histamine receptor antagonist pre-treatment, or the protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 agonists tryptase (0.5–5 nM) and SLIGKV (100 and 400 μM). The cells were then stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β and/or tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α (10 ng·mL−1) or left unstimulated for 24 h. Release of GM-CSF and RANTES was determined by ELISA and prostaglandin (PG)E2 measured by enzyme immunoassay. Neither histamine nor tryptase induced ASM GM-CSF or RANTES secretion. However, histamine increased IL-1β-induced GM-CSF release and markedly reduced TNF-α-induced RANTES release by both asthmatic and nonasthmatic cells to a similar extent, but did not modulate PGE2 release. All changes involved activation of the histamine H1 receptor as they were partially or fully blocked by chlorpheniramine, but not ranitidine. Tryptase, via its proteolytic activity, also potentiated GM-CSF, but not RANTES, release from asthmatic and nonasthmatic ASM cells induced by both cytokines. PAR-2 involvement in the tryptase potentiation was unlikely because SLIGKV had no effect. In conclusion, mast cells, through histamine and tryptase, may locally modulate airway smooth muscle-induced inflammation in asthma.
O PROCESSO INTERATIVO ENTRE A DINÂMICA MACROECONÔMICA E OS BANCOS: UMA PERSPECTIVA ACERCA DO RISCO DE CRÉDITO ALÉM DO SPREAD

The credit in Brazil is characterized by its excessive cost and limited supply. The main reason is the high default risk embedded in the spread. This paper analyzes how macroeconomic factors influence the credit portfolio risk in the Brazilian financial system. The paper concludes that the level of economic activity and the basic interest rates are factors with great influence on the default risk. Additionally, this paper also analyses the reaction of the financial sector to conjuncture risks, suggesting a new approach to the credit risk. The assumption that the risks of banks’portoflios are a result of an interactive process among the banks and the economic environment is confirmed for the period of March, 2000 to July, 2006. The results also point to differences in the behavior of private and public banks. Key Words: Credit Risk, banks, macroeconomics and spread. Área ANPEC: 3 (Macroeconomia, Economia Monetária e Finanças) JEL classification: C32, G21, G32. ∗ Funcionário do Banco do Brasil S.A. e Mestre em Economia pela UFF. As opiniões expressas no artigo são exclusivamente do autor não refletindo, necessariamente, a visão do Banco do Brasil S.A. E-mail: gustavojgs@gmail.com. ∗∗ Professora do Curso de Pós-Graduação em Economia – UFF e Pesquisadora do CNPq. E-mail: cfeijo@terra.com. br.
Blockers of the L‐Arginine–Nitric Oxide–Cyclic GMP Pathway Facilitate Baroreceptor Resetting

We investigated the role of nitric oxide on rapid (25- and 40-minute) baroreceptor resetting during the onset of acute hypertension in rats treated with NG-nitro-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, and methylene blue, an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase. The effect of treatment with glibenclamide, an ATP-dependent K+ channel blocker, was also investigated. Arterial hypertension was provoked in a ramp progression by the drug NG-nitro-L-arginine alone or in association with aortic coarctation. Whole aortic nerve activity and carotid pressure were recorded in the anesthetized rats. The extent of rapid resetting was evaluated by means of the ratio (ΔSystolic Threshold Pressure/ΔControl Diastolic Pressure) × 100 as well as by the extent of displacement of the pressure-nerve activity curve denned by the ratio (A Mean Arterial Pressure at 50% of maximum activity/Δ Mean Arterial Pressure) × 100. All groups gave the same increase in mean arterial pressure at 25 and 40 minutes after the onset of hypertension. A greater extent of resetting to hypertensive levels was observed in the treated groups compared with coarctation alone. At 40 minutes after the onset of hypertension, the coarctation and nitro-L-arginine groups exhibited a further increase in the extent of resetting. The rats submitted to glibenclamide plus coarctation presented a slight but significant decrease in gain. These findings suggest that an active L-arginine-nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway blunts rapid resetting during the onset of hypertension. In addition, they also indicate that ATP-dependent K± channels can also modulate rapid resetting of the baroreceptors to hypertensive levels.
Menu Selection with a Rotary Device Founded on Haptic and/or Graphic Information

The purpose of the study reported in this paper was to compare three different types of interfaces providing: haptic information, graphic information, or combined haptic and graphic information in an easy menu selection task. The results suggested that the combined haptic and graphic interface was preferable to the graphic interface regarding accuracy, while both interfaces were fundamentally equal concerning completion time. The results also indicated that the combined haptic and graphic interface was less mentally demanding than either the graphic or the haptic interface. Solely haptic feedback obtained, without exception, worse results than the other cases.
Detection of aberrant methylation of a six-gene panel in serum DNA for diagnosis of breast cancer

Detection of breast cancer at an early stage is the key for successful treatment and improvement of outcome. However the limitations of mammography are well recognized, especially for those women with premenopausal breast cancer. Novel approaches to breast cancer screening are necessary, especially in the developing world where mammography is not feasible. In this study, we examined the promoter methylation of six genes (SFN, P16, hMLH1, HOXD13, PCDHGB7 and RASSF1a) in circulating free DNA (cfDNA) extracted from serum. We used a high-throughput DNA methylation assay (MethyLight) to examine serum from 749 cases including breast cancer patients, patients with benign breast diseases and healthy women. The six-gene methylation panel test achieved 79.6% and 82.4% sensitivity with a specificity of 72.4% and 78.1% in diagnosis of breast cancer when compared with healthy and benign disease controls, respectively. Moreover, the methylation panel positive group showed significant differences in the following independent variables: (a) involvement of family history of tumors; (b) a low proliferative index, ki-67; (c) high ratios in luminal subtypes. Additionally the panel also complemented some breast cancer cases which were neglected by mammography or ultrasound. These data suggest that epigenetic markers in serum have potential for diagnosis of breast cancer.
Genetic Instability Induced by Overexpression of DNA Ligase I in Budding Yeast

Recombination and microsatellite mutation in humans contribute to disorders including cancer and trinucleotide repeat (TNR) disease. TNR expansions in wild-type yeast may arise by flap ligation during lagging-strand replication. Here we show that overexpression of DNA ligase I (CDC9) increases the rates of TNR expansion, of TNR contraction, and of mitotic recombination. Surprisingly, this effect is observed with catalytically inactive forms of Cdc9p protein, but only if they possess a functional PCNA-binding site. Furthermore, in vitro analysis indicates that the interaction of PCNA with Cdc9p and Rad27p (Fen1) is mutually exclusive. Together our genetic and biochemical analysis suggests that, although DNA ligase I seals DNA nicks during replication, repair, and recombination, higher than normal levels can yield genetic instability by disrupting the normal interplay of PCNA with other proteins such as Fen1.
Knowledge representation of the Quran through frame semantics: a corpus-based approach

In this paper, we present our in-progress research tasks for building lexical database of the verb valences in the Arabic Quran using FrameNet frames. We study the verbs in their context in the Quran, and compare that with matching frames and frame evoking verbs in the English FrameNet. We analyze the gaps and make appropriate amendments to the FrameNet by adding new frame elements and relations.
Grid Resource Allocation and Control Using Computational Economies

In this chapter, we describe the use of economic principles as the basis for Grid resource allocation policies and mechanisms. A computational economy in which users “buy” resources from their owners is an attractive method of controlling Grid resource allocation for several reasons. Economies are intuitively easy to understand, they fit the model of flexible resource usage under local control (which is fundamental to Grid computing), and they can be analyzed through a considerable body of extant theory. We discuss many of the fundamental characteristics of computational economies, particularly as they pertain to Grid computing. We also present G-commerce — a framework that we have used to investigate Grid resource economies — as an example of the type of results that are possible. Finally, we discuss several of the issues associated with empirical investigation of Grid economies as a motivation for future work.
Ford and the Global Strategies of Multinationals: The North American Auto Industry

1. Introduction 2. Ford Motor Company's Multi-Domestic Strategy 3. Ford of Canada: Confluence of Interest in a Liberal Approach to Automotive Development 4. Ford of Mexico: Confronting a Nationalistic Approach to Industrialization 5. The 1970s: An Era of Structural Constraints and Narrowed Strategic Options 6. Ford's Survival Strategy 7. Ford's Global Strategy 8. Successful Bargaining in a Situation of Increasing Interdependence 9. Export Dynamism: Reconciling the Mexican and the US Big Three's Interests 10. A North American System of Production 11. Conclusion
Effect of Hypoxia on the Calcium and Magnesium Content, Lipid Peroxidation Level, and Ca2+-ATPase Activity of Syncytiotrophoblast Plasma Membranes from Placental Explants

In the current study the possible relationship between the Ca2+/Mg2+ ratio of human syncytiotrophoblast plasma membranes and their lipid peroxidation and Ca2+-ATPase activity was determined. Syncytiotrophoblast plasma membranes of placental explants cultured under hypoxia increased their lipid peroxidation and Ca2+ content, diminished their Ca2+-ATPase activity, and kept their Mg2+ content unchanged. Membranes preincubated with different concentrations of Ca2+ increased their Ca2+ content without changes in their Mg2+ content. There is a direct relationship between Ca2+ content and lipid peroxidation of the membranes, as well as an inverse relationship between their Ca2+ content and Ca2+-ATPase activity. On the contrary, preincubation of membranes with different concentrations of Mg2+ showed a higher Mg2+ content without changing their lipid peroxidation and Ca2+-ATPase activity. Explants cultured under hypoxia in the presence of 4 mM MgSO4 showed similar values of lipid peroxidation and Ca2+-ATPase activity of their membranes compared to those of explants cultured under normoxia. Increased Ca2+ content of the membranes by interacting with negatively charged phospholipids could result in destabilizing effects of the membrane structure, exposing hydrocarbon chains of fatty acids to the action of free radicals. Mg2+ might exert a stabilizing effect of the membranes, avoiding their exposure to free radicals.
A long Saharan dust event over the western Mediterranean: Lidar, Sun photometer observations, and regional dust modeling

A long Saharan dust event affected the western Mediterranean in the period 12– 28 June 2002. Dust was present mainly between 1- and 5-km height affecting most parts of the Iberian Peninsula and reaching western/central Europe. Intensive backscatter lidar observations over Barcelona (Spain) and Sun photometer data from two stations (El Arenosillo, Spain, and Avignon, France) are used to evaluate different configurations the Dust Regional Atmospheric Modeling (DREAM) system. DREAM currently operates dust forecasts over the Mediterranean region (http://www.bsc.es/projects/earthscience/ DREAM/) considering four particle size bins while only the first two are relevant for long-range transport analysis since their life time is larger than 12 hours. A more detailed bin method is implemented, and two different dust distributions at sources are compared to the operational version. Evaluations are performed at two wavelengths (532 and 1064 nm). The dust horizontal and vertical structure simulated by DREAM shows very good qualitative agreement when compared to SeaWIFS satellite images and lidar height-time displays over Barcelona. When evaluating the modeled aerosol optical depth (AOD) against Sun photometer data, significant improvements are achieved with the use of the new detailed bin method. In general, the model underpredicts the AOD for increasing A ° ngstro¨m exponents because of the influence of anthropogenic pollution in the boundary layer. In fact, the modeled AOD is highly anticorrelated with the observed A ° ngstro¨m exponents. Avignon shows higher influence of small anthropogenic aerosols which explains the better results of the model at the wavelength of 1064 nm over this location. The uncertainties of backscatter lidar inversions (20–30%) are in the same order of magnitude as the differences between the model experiments. Better model results are obtained when comparing to lidar because most of the anthropogenic effect is removed.
'Ballen Silica' in Impactites and Magmatic Rocks

Introduction and background: Ballen silica, in the modification of α-quartz (‘ballen quartz’) or α-cristobalite, has been regarded as an impactcharacterstic microscopic feature for decades. The report of ballen silica in impact melt rocks from the Mien impact structure (Sweden; the impact melt rocks were formerly considered as rhyolites) was the first description of ballen silica in impactites [1]. Later, ballen silica was noted in impactites from a number of impact structures worldwide; currently, ballen silica is known from 38 terrestrial impact structures. A thorough review and listing of ballen silica in impact breccias is given by [2-3]; we briefly add ballen silica in Wabar glass (Saudi Arabia; Fig. 1a) and impact melt rocks from Suvasvesi South (Finland; Fig. 1b) to the current database. Recent studies pointed out that ballen quartz is ‘an impact signature’ [4] and that ‘in nature, ballen silica has not been found anywhere else but associated with impact structures and, thus, these features could be added to the list of impact-diagnostic criteria’ [2]. However, ballen-textured α-cristobalite was also reported in rocks not related to impact (see also [5]). Discussion and suggestions: As a result of volume shrinkage upon the high-low inversion of cristobalite [6-7], the ballen texture was described as a microscopic feature characteristic for α-cristobalite a priori (ballen texture variably described as Germ. ‘Schuppenstruktur’=‘[fish] scale structure’ [8], ‘Ballenstruktur’=‘ballen structure’ [8-11], ‘Dachziegel-Textur’=‘roof tile texture’ [12], as well as ‘crackled texture’ [13] in thin section, respectively). In particular, ballen-textured α-cristobalite is known to occur, for example, in andesites of the Citlaltépetl (Pico de Orizaba) volcano, Mexico (Fig. 1c), in latiandesite from the Puracé volcano, Colombia [10] (their p. 49; Fig. 1d), and in sandstones altered by the hydrothermal interaction with volcanic basalt intrusions at the Marda Pass in the Harar Highlands, Ethiopia [8] (his p. 218). Furthermore, ballen-textured α-cristobalite was noted in Lunar basalts [12-13]. According to these reports (e.g., [8] with a petrographical description of the ballen-textured silica very similar to that given by [7]) and to photomicrographs [10-12], ballen-textured α-cristobalite in impactites and ‘endogenic’ silica-saturated volcanic rocks exhibit the same optical appearance. As the majority of ballen silica grains was observed in impact breccias, we suggest that ballen silica can be considered as an impact-characteristic microscopic feature, amongst others. Nevertheless, we propose that the definition of ballen silica as an ‘impact-diagnostic’ feature – in the strict sense – should be used with care.
A Probabilistic Translation Method for Dictionary-based Cross-lingual Information Retrieval in Agglutinative Languages

School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,College of Engineering,University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. {dadashkarimi,shakery,hfaili}@ut.ac. irAbstract. Translation ambiguity, out of vocabulary words and missingsome translations in bilingual dictionaries make dictionary-based Cross-language Information Retrieval (CLIR) a challenging task. Moreover,in agglutinative languages which do not have reliable stemmers, miss-ing various lexical formations in bilingual dictionaries degrades CLIRperformance. This paper aims to introduce a probabilistic translationmodel to solve the ambiguity problem, and also to provide most likelyformations of a dictionary candidate. We propose Minimum Edit Sup-port Candidates (MESC) method that exploits a monolingual corpusand a bilingual dictionary to translate users’ native language queries todocuments’ language. Our experiments show that the proposed methodoutperforms state-of-the-art dictionary-based English-Persian CLIR.