Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Keeping representations at bay

s Connectionist models provide a promising alternative to the traditional computational approach that has for several decades dominated cognitive science and artificial intelligence, although the nature of connectionist models and their relation to symbol processing remains controversial. Connectionist models can be characterized by three general computational features: distinct layers of interconnected units, recursive rules for updating the strengths of the connections during learning, and "simple" homogeneous computing elements. Using just these three features one can construct surprisingly elegant and powerful models of memory, perception, motor control, categorization, and reasoning. What makes the connectionist approach unique is not its variety of representational possibilities (including "distributed representations") or its departure from explicit rule-based models, or even its preoccupation with the brain metaphor. Rather, it is that connectionist models can be used to explore systematically the complex interaction between learning and representation, as we try to demonstrate through the analysis of several large networks.
Learning is Never Final

Many consider the community college to be the most dynamic institution in education today. As the demographics of the student body at community college change and as numerous forces inexorably force change throughout society, the community college graduates should reflect upon their community experiences and the process of lifelong learning. It is an appropriate time for them to consider these because one is an historical phenomenon and the other is an emerging national trend. More importantly, however, they are participants in each. Community college graduates have participated in one of the most dynamic and democratic educational movements in the history of mankind. People are part of major historical transformations and often are completely unaware of them. The grandparents of most community college students were born in the horse-andbuggy age but have lived to witness space travel and the landing of a man on the moon. Likewise, the parents of these students were part of a massive economic and social transformation in this country during the Depression and World War II. Electronics have changed the lives of all those in the community colleges today. Thus, people are often unconsciously the actors in a major play. So it is with recent graduates and the community college movement. By participating in this movement, the community college has changed their life, and the degree which they receive today can open new opportunities for them that would not have been available just two decades ago. Yes, the community college movement is barely as old as the median age of those now graduating from this institution. Although its roots can be dated back to Joliet Junior College in Illinois in 1902, the modern community college movement bloomed in the 1960's. What is meant by the community college movement? It is a movement of assessibility. The cornerstone of this movement was to make educational opportunity financially, geographically, and academically accessible to all segments of society. This was a massive expansion of democracy because educational credentials are the keys to social and economic advancement in our society and because the skills learned in achieving these credentials are the guarantees of long term economic security. How did Americans respond to this experiment in democracy? Others responded just as students are doing today. They came in massive numbers, and they turned out in every state offering programs. Between 1960 and 1980 enrollment in
A 38 GHz inverse class-F power amplifier with 38.5% peak PAE, 16.5 dB gain, and 50 mW Psat in 0.13-µm SiGe BiCMOS

This paper presents a 38 GHz 2-stage harmonic-tuned power amplifier consisted of a class-F<sup>-1</sup> output power amplifier proceeded by a class-AB driving stage in 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. In order to shape highly efficient class-F<sup>-1</sup> current and voltage waveforms, the PA adopts multi-resonance series and parallel load networks that modulate load impedance to generate an optimum 50-Ω for signal band, high impedance at the 2<sup>nd</sup> harmonic band and low impedance at the 3<sup>rd</sup> harmonic band. Inter-stage matching between the driver and output stage is also applied to deliver optimal power to the output stage with a maximum PAE, resulting in 38.5% of peak PAE with 50 mW P<sub>sat</sub> at 38 GHz, which is one of the highest PAEs in silicon technology at mm-wave. The chip size is 0.9×0.55 μm<sup>2</sup> including all pads.
Anti-PD-1 Antibody Therapy Potently Enhances the Eradication of Established Tumors By Gene-Modified T Cells

Purpose: To determine the antitumor efficacy and toxicity of a novel combination approach involving adoptive T-cell immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells with an immunomodulatory reagent for blocking immunosuppression. Experimental Design: We examined whether administration of a PD-1 blocking antibody could increase the therapeutic activity of CAR T cells against two different Her-2+ tumors. The use of a self-antigen mouse model enabled investigation into the efficacy, mechanism, and toxicity of this combination approach. Results: In this study, we first showed a significant increase in the level of PD-1 expressed on transduced anti-Her-2 CD8+ T cells following antigen-specific stimulation with PD-L1+ tumor cells and that markers of activation and proliferation were increased in anti-Her-2 T cells in the presence of anti-PD-1 antibody. In adoptive transfer studies in Her-2 transgenic recipient mice, we showed a significant improvement in growth inhibition of two different Her-2+ tumors treated with anti-Her-2 T cells in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody. The therapeutic effects observed correlated with increased function of anti-Her-2 T cells following PD-1 blockade. Strikingly, a significant decrease in the percentage of Gr1+ CD11b+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) was observed in the tumor microenvironment of mice treated with the combination therapy. Importantly, increased antitumor effects were not associated with any autoimmune pathology in normal tissue expressing Her-2 antigen. Conclusion: This study shows that specifically blocking PD-1 immunosuppression can potently enhance CAR T-cell therapy that has significant implications for potentially improving therapeutic outcomes of this approach in patients with cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 19(20); 5636–46. ©2013 AACR.
The SH3 domain of UNC-89 (obscurin) interacts with paramyosin, a coiled-coil protein, in Caenorhabditis elegans muscle

UNC-89 is a giant protein, homologous to vertebrate obscurin, located at the sarcomeric M-lines of Caenorhabditis elegans muscle. A yeast two-hybrid screen shows that the SH3 domain of UNC-89 interacts with paramyosin, a coiled-coil thick filament protein. The interaction is verified using biochemical and genetic approaches.
A Neurophysiological Assessment of Consumers’ Emotional Responses to Service Recovery Behaviors

Service marketers are particularly interested in consumers’ emotional response to service failure and recovery. However, efforts to measure emotional responses in these types of situations by means of post-encounter, self-report measures are far from satisfactory. In this study a neurophysiological approach is used to measure consumers’ emotional responses during a service encounter. This approach enables one to assess the impact that the physical features (ethnicity and gender) of service providers can have on consumers’ emotional responses to service recovery efforts throughout an entire service recovery interaction. It emerges that consumer responses to service recovery are characterized by both neutral (not statistically different from the baseline) and negative emotional responses as the service encounter unfolds. Individuals with high similarity to the service provider (in terms of gender and ethnicity) exhibit significantly more negative emotional responses than those with low similarity. However traditional measures of post-encounter satisfaction show no differences between high similarity and low similarity and consumers report fairly positive evaluations of the encounter. This discrepancy suggests that, in a situation where social desirability bias may play a role, consumers may exhibit negative emotional responses but may not report these negative responses. The results suggest a need to reconsider social identity theory and similarity-attraction theory in a service recovery situation because physical similarity between service provider and customer leads to significant negative emotional responses. Managerially, frontline service employees should be trained to ensure adequate sensitivity to potentially negative responses when the complainant is of the same gender and ethnicity as the service provider.
The Personal/Group Discrimination Discrepancy: Responses to Experimentally Induced Personal and Group Discrimination

Abstract Participants in research on discrimination consistently perceived a higher level of discrimination directed at their group as a whole than at themselves as individual members of that group. Explanations for this personal/group discrimination discrepancy are all based on the assumption that some form of perceptual distortion is operating. However, research has not allowed for any measure of the objective reality of people'S experiences with discrimination, and thus there has been no objective standard against which researchers can test for perceptual distortion. This study involved the experimental inducement of personal and group discrimination, alone and in combination, among female students. The results indicated that subjects responded to objective reality and that personal experiences with discrimination affected their perceptions at the group level more than the reverse.
Understanding the Human Side of Merger and Acquisition

In this article, the authors identify six theories (anxiety theory, social identity theory, acculturation theory, role conflict theory, job characteristics theory, and organizational justice theory) to explain problems in managing the merger and acquisition (M&A) organizational change process. These theories have implicitly or explicitly formed the basis for the past M&A literature. The authors integrate these theories into one conceptual framework that clearly delineates unique sources of problems that can emerge in different stages of M&A integration, their psychological and behavioral effects on employees, and prescriptions to address the problems. The framework can be used as a guide for M&A integration leaders to systematically plan interventions to smooth the human integration process. It also provides a foundation for future theoretical and empirical M&A integration research.
Identification of a functional role for lipid asymmetry in biological membranes: Phosphatidylserine-skeletal protein interactions modulate membrane stability

Asymmetric distribution of phospholipids is ubiquitous in the plasma membranes of many eukaryotic cells. The majority of the aminophospholipids are located in the inner leaflet whereas the cholinephospholipids are localized predominantly in the outer leaflet. Several functional roles for asymmetric phospholipid distribution in plasma membranes have been suggested. Disruption of lipid asymmetry creates a procoagulant surface on platelets and serves as a trigger for macrophage recognition of apoptotic cells. Furthermore, the dynamic process of phospholipid translocation regulates important cellular events such as membrane budding and endocytosis. In the present study, we used the red cell membrane as the model system to explore the contribution of phospholipid asymmetry to the maintenance of membrane mechanical properties. We prepared two different types of membranes in terms of their phospholipid distribution, one in which phospholipids were scrambled and the other in which the asymmetric distribution of phospholipids was maintained and quantitated their mechanical properties. We documented that maintenance of asymmetric distribution of phospholipids resulted in improved membrane mechanical stability. The greater difficulty in extracting the spectrin–actin complex at low-ionic strength from the membranes with asymmetric phospholipid distribution further suggested the involvement of interactions between aminophospholipids in the inner leaflet and skeletal proteins in modulating mechanical stability of the red cell membrane. These findings have enabled us to document a functional role of lipid asymmetry in regulating membrane material properties.
Staff Perspectives on a Tablet-Based Intervention to Increase HIV Testing in a High Volume, Urban Emergency Department

Emergency departments (EDs) frequently serve people who have limited, if any, additional interactions with health care, yet many ED patients are not offered HIV testing, and those who are frequently decline. ED staff (n = 13) at a high volume urban ED (technicians, nurses, physicians, and administrators) were interviewed to elicit their perspectives on the feasibility and acceptability of a tablet-based intervention designed to increase HIV test rates among patients who initially decline testing. Content-based thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews indicated overall support for interventions to increase HIV testing, but a lack of available staff resources emerged as a potential barrier to widespread implementation. Also, some ED staff questioned whether it was appropriate to shift responsibility for public health services, such as HIV testing, to the ED instead of a primary care setting. Although tablet-based interventions have been shown effective in high volume ED settings and can potentially increase HIV test rates among hard-to-reach populations, additional effort is now required to better integrate this type of intervention into existing workflows.
Learning from Dumbledore's Pensieve: metaphor as an aid in teaching reflexivity in qualitative research

This article suggests that the Pensieve — a magical instrument featured prominently in the Harry Potter books — is a useful metaphor for teaching qualitative researchers about reflexivity. Teaching naturalistic forms of inquiry poses many challenges. Drawing upon their experiences as teachers and students of qualitative research, the authors examine how a reflexive journal can serve as a much needed repository for a qualitative researcher's memories and reflections. The authors suggest that by documenting the researcher's perspective over time, the Pensieve can aid in the development of reflexivity by providing a space for metacognitive reflection on the research process, and creating an opportunity to engage others in the interpretation of data.
Candace Mitchell & Kathleen Weiler (eds.), Rewriting literacy: Culture and the discourse of the other . New York: Bergin & Garvey, 1991. Pp. xxx + 281.

This book is a collection of 16 articles previously published (most between 1982 and 1987); it asks readers to re-examine what literacy is, and who has access to it. These articles have been assembled conceptually to provide a basis for shifting the discourse of literacy away from a focus on illiteracy. Contributions to the volume are drawn from work in linguistics, sociolinguistics, anthropology, education, English as a second language, and reading and writing theory. The central argument presented by the editor of the series (Henry A. Giroux) and the volume editors is that, to move to a re-visioning of the argument, literacy must be seen as embedded in particular social, cultural, and historical contexts. Readers are asked to view literacy as a situated process defined by the social, political, and cultural actions of members of a society, rather than as a decontextualized, generic process within the heads of individuals (Bloome 1987) or a state of grace (Scribner 1984). This position is captured in the series preface by Giroux: "literacy cannot be viewed as merely an epistemological or procedural issue, but must be defined primarily in political and ethical terms" (x). After prefaces by Giroux and Mitchell, describing the relationship of literacy to society, the book is divided into four sections: Part I, "Literacy, discourse, and power"; Part II, "Multiple ways of constructing reality"; Part III, "The politics of reading and writing"; and Part IV, "Literacy, history, and ideology. " Throughout this volume, the authors argue that there is no single literacy; rather, multiple literacies must be considered, including reading the world. As Mitchell argues in her preface (xxvi), the volume provides
Homologs of the Shigella IpaB and IpaC invasins are required for Salmonella typhimurium entry into cultured epithelial cells

Entry into host cells is an essential feature in the pathogenicity of Salmonella spp. The inv locus of Salmonella typhimurium encodes several proteins which are components of a type III protein secretion system required for these organisms to gain access to host cells. We report here the identification of several proteins whose secretion into the culture supernatant of S. typhimurium is dependent on the function of the inv-encoded translocation apparatus. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the genes encoding two of these secreted proteins, SipB and SipC, indicated that they are homologous to the Shigella sp. invasins IpaB and IpaC, respectively. An additional gene was identified, sicA, which encodes a protein homologous to IpgC, a Shigella protein that serves as a molecular chaperone for the invasins IpaB and IpaC. Nonpolar mutations in sicA, sipB, and sipC rendered S. typhimurium unable to enter cultured epithelial cells, indicating that these genes are required for bacterial internalization.
360 degree assessments of team role behaviours in different contexts

Purpose – This article aims to present and discuss research findings on 360 degree assessments of team role behaviours in different contexts. In so doing, it brings together and develops two themes previously explored by the author, namely: the need to introduce a significant social dimension into thinking about team roles; the need to recognise that appropriate leadership behaviour is not universal but contingent upon context. Design/methodology/approach – A mixed sample of public sector managers in the UK completed a team role self-assessment questionnaire and had a 360 degree assessment completed on them. The research looked at the degree of correlation between the self-assessments and the 360 assessments and its statistical significance, exploring the ways in which the nine team roles are more or less valued in different contexts. Findings – Statistically significant relationships were found between measures of leadership contexts and team role behaviours. More importantly for this research, 360 degre.
Teachers' Sense of Efficacy and the Organizational Health of Schools

This study examined the relationships between 2 carefully specified dimensions of teacher efficacy (general and personal teaching efficacy) and aspects of a healthy school climate (institutional integrity, principal influence, consideration, resource support, morale, and academic emphasis). The sample was composed of 179 teachers, randomly selected from 37 elementary schools in New Jersey. A teacher efficacy scale and a version of the Organizational Health Inventory were administered to the teachers in their schools by a researcher. Correlation and regression analyses were used to examine relationships among variables. Our primary concern was with individual teacher efficacy; hence, individual teacher perception served as the unit of analysis. We found that a healthy school climate-one with a strong academic emphasis and a principal who has influence with superiors and is willing to use it on behalf of teachers-was conducive to the development of teachers' beliefs that they can influence student learning (personal teaching efficacy). Thus, teachers' confidence that they can reach students was supported by organizational factors that help teachers manage and teach students. Only institutional integrity (the ability of the school to protect faculty from un-reasonable outside demands) and teacher morale predicted general teaching efficacy. The data demonstrated that the constructs of general and personal teaching efficacy are separate sets of beliefs.
The Future of Double-Blind Review in Management

The double-blind review process – where authors do not know the identity of theirreviewers and reviewers do not know the identity of authors – has been viewed as criticalto the peer review process in top-tier management journals. This two-way anonymityhelps to facilitate objectivity by both reviewers and authors and to reduce the effects ofbias – either positive or negative – that may accompany known identities or afﬁliations. For example, several studies have documented bias in the review process in favour ofauthors from prestigious universities (Peters and Ceci, 1982), particularly when reviewerscome from similarly prestigious universities (Gordon, 1980). In addition, Broder (1993)found evidence of bias by female reviewers against female authors independent of paperquality and reviewer afﬁliation and experience.Preserving the anonymity of authors and reviewers can also reduce tendencies forreviewers to attempt to ingratiate themselves with prestigious authors or to be morecritical of the work of unknown scholars. Without anonymity, junior reviewers maybecome hesitant to offer critical evaluations for fear of career reprisals (McCook, 2006). Given these ﬁndings, it is hardly surprising that journals with double-blind reviewprocesses tend to have lower acceptance rates, even for articles from authors afﬁliatedwith high-prestige universities (Blank, 1991). Proponents of double-blind review suggestthat ‘. any factors that increase the probability of particularistic decisions or increasetheir consequences are not likely to beneﬁt the majority of scientists. A relatively smallproportion of such decisions spread over time may serve to give some groups andindividuals substantial cumulative advantage, because publication itself is convertibleinto the “scarce” evidence of competence that makes future selection for further advan-tage then based on competence, and therefore universalistic. Thus, a particularisticadvantage can soon be transformed into a universalistic one’ (Beyer, 1978, p. 75). Therapidly escalating cumulative advantages to ‘those that have’ have also been described byMerton (1968, p. 58), who calls it the Matthew effect: ‘The Matthew effect consists in theaccruing of greater increments of recognition for particular scientiﬁc contributions to