Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Collagen type IV alpha 1 (COL4A1) and collagen type XIII alpha 1 (COL13A1) produced in cancer cells promote tumor budding at the invasion front in human urothelial carcinoma of the bladder

Current knowledge of the molecular mechanism driving tumor budding is limited. Here, we focused on elucidating the detailed mechanism underlying tumor budding in urothelial cancer of the bladder. Invasive urothelial cancer was pathologically classified into three groups as follows: nodular, trabecular, and infiltrative (tumor budding). Pathohistological analysis of the orthotopic tumor model revealed that human urothelial cancer cell lines MGH-U3, UM-UC-14, and UM-UC-3 displayed typical nodular, trabecular, and infiltrative patterns, respectively. Based on the results of comprehensive gene expression analysis using microarray (25 K Human Oligo chip), we identified two collagens, COL4A1 and COL13A1, which may contribute to the formation of the infiltrative pattern. Visualization of protein interaction networks revealed that proteins associated with connective tissue disorders, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, growth hormone, and estrogen were pivotal factors in tumor cells. To evaluate the invasion pattern of tumor cells in vitro, 3-D collective cell invasion assay using Matrigel was performed. Invadopodial formation was evaluated using Gelatin Invadopodia Assay. Knockdown of collagens with siRNA led to dramatic changes in invasion patterns and a decrease in invasion capability through decreased invadopodia. The in vivo orthotopic experimental model of bladder tumors showed that intravesical treatment with siRNA targeting COL4A1 and COL13A1 inhibited the formation of the infiltrative pattern. COL4A1 and COL13A1 production by cancer cells plays a pivotal role in tumor invasion through the induction of tumor budding. Blocking of these collagens may be an attractive therapeutic approach for treatment of human urothelial cancer of the bladder.
A QoS-aware resource allocation algorithm based on dynamic virtual cluster for PFTTH network

The appearance of power and fiber to the home (PFTTH) network combining optical fiber composite low-voltage cable (OPLC) and passive optical network (PON) is crucial in both construction and operation of a smart grid, so it is an essential part to the success of the emerging smart grid. To achieve the purposes of accommodating more users, improving resource utilization and enhancing the flexibility of management and control in PFTTH network, we propose a PFTTH network based on dynamic virtual cluster and corresponding QoS-aware resource allocation algorithm in this paper. Furthermore, the performances of proposed network and algorithms are simulated and evaluated，the results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Indoor Dusts of Guizhou, Southwest of China: Status, Sources and Potential Human Health Risk

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed for 136 indoor dust samples collected from Guizhou province, southwest of China. The ∑18PAHs concentrations ranged from 2.18 μg•g-1 to 14.20 μg•g-1 with the mean value of 6.78 μg•g-1. The highest Σ18PAHs concentration was found in dust samples from orefields, followed by city, town and village. Moreover, the mean concentration of Σ18PAHs in indoor dust was at least 10% higher than that of outdoors. The 4–6 rings PAHs, contributing more than 70% of ∑18PAHs, were the dominant species. PAHs ratios, principal component analysis with multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were applied to evaluate the possible sources. Two major origins of PAHs in indoor dust were identified as vehicle emissions and coal combustion. The mean incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) due to human exposure to indoor dust PAHs in city, town, village and orefield of Guizhou province, China was 6.14×10−6, 5.00×10−6, 3.08×10−6, 6.02×10−6 for children and 5.92×10−6, 4.83×10−6, 2.97×10−6, 5.81×10−6 for adults, respectively.
Electrostatic Gating of Ultrathin Films

Electrostatic gating of ultrathin films can be used to modify electronic and magnetic properties of materials by effecting controlled alterations of carrier concentration while, in principle, not changing the level of disorder. As such, electrostatic gating can facilitate the development of novel devices and can serve as a means of exploring the fundamental properties of materials in a manner far simpler than is possible with the conventional approach of chemical doping. The entire phase diagram of a compound can be traversed by changing the gate voltage. In this review, we survey results involving conventional field effect devices as well as more recent progress, which has involved structures that rely on electrochemical configurations such as electric double-layer transistors. We emphasize progress involving thin films of oxide materials such as high-temperature superconductors, magnetic oxides, and oxides that undergo metal-insulator transitions.
A Probabilistic Framework for Location Inference from Social Media

We study the extent to which we can infer users' geographical locations from social media. Location inference from social media can benefit many applications, such as disaster management, targeted advertising, and news content tailoring. In recent years, a number of algorithms have been proposed for identifying user locations on social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook from message contents, friend networks, and interactions between users. In this paper, we propose a novel probabilistic model based on factor graphs for location inference that offers several unique advantages for this task. First, the model generalizes previous methods by incorporating content, network, and deep features learned from social context. The model is also flexible enough to support both supervised learning and semi-supervised learning. Second, we explore several learning algorithms for the proposed model, and present a Two-chain Metropolis-Hastings (MH+) algorithm, which improves the inference accuracy. Third, we validate the proposed model on three different genres of data - Twitter, Weibo, and Facebook - and demonstrate that the proposed model can substantially improve the inference accuracy (+3.3-18.5% by F1-score) over that of several state-of-the-art methods.
Learning Computational Models of Video Memorability from fMRI Brain Imaging

Generally, various visual media are unequally memorable by the human brain. This paper looks into a new direction of modeling the memorability of video clips and automatically predicting how memorable they are by learning from brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We propose a novel computational framework by integrating the power of low-level audiovisual features and brain activity decoding via fMRI. Initially, a user study experiment is performed to create a ground truth database for measuring video memorability and a set of effective low-level audiovisual features is examined in this database. Then, human subjects' brain fMRI data are obtained when they are watching the video clips. The fMRI-derived features that convey the brain activity of memorizing videos are extracted using a universal brain reference system. Finally, due to the fact that fMRI scanning is expensive and time-consuming, a computational model is learned on our benchmark dataset with the objective of maximizing the correlation between the low-level audiovisual features and the fMRI-derived features using joint subspace learning. The learned model can then automatically predict the memorability of videos without fMRI scans. Evaluations on publically available image and video databases demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Problems on Titanium Castings for Clinical Use.

Although titanium has been a popular metal in dentistry, it was not actively applied in the clinic. Some of the reason were most importantly a hardened layer formed on the casting surface with a reaction between mold material and molten titanium that had different physical and chemical properties than titanium. Moreover, fit of prostheses is lost due to the removal of the reacted layer. On the other hand, internal defects are often observed by X-ray photography of titanium castings. Bubble-like defects formed by gas inclusion will lead to worse durability.In order to obtain sound titanium castings, it is important to maintain surface transcription with high quality during the casting procedure and decrease casting error. A new investment may be a key to success. A development of titanium alloy seemed to be effective as prosthetic materials.
Lanthanide-doped ultrasmall yttrium fluoride nanoparticles with enhanced multicolor upconversion photoluminescence

Ultrasmall upconversion (UC) nanoparticles with efficient multicolor photoluminescence (PL) are quite desirable for high contrast in vitro and in vivo bioimaging. Here, we present a simple and reproducible thermolysis approach to synthesize 3.7 nm sized lanthanide-doped YF3 UC nanocrystals. The PL intensity of these ultrasmall nanoparticles was found to be about ten times brighter than that of 4.5 nm sized CaF2 counterparts, which were reported to be one of the smallest efficient upconversion nanoparticles. We also showed that the color output of these nanocrystals can all be simply modulated by adjusting the sensitizer Yb3+ concentration. Moreover, to further enhance the PL output, a one nm thick epitaxial layer was grown onto the YF3 nanocrystals. These lanthanide-doped ultrasmall upconversion YF3 nanocrystals with modulated and enhanced multicolor output are ideal for a variety of in vitro and in vivo biological imaging applications.
Effective Subnetwork Topology for Synchronizing Interconnected Networks of Coupled Phase Oscillators

A system consisting of interconnected networks, or a network of networks (NoN), appears diversely in many real-world systems, including the brain. In this study, we consider NoNs consisting of heterogeneous phase oscillators and investigate how the topology of subnetworks affects the global synchrony of the network. The degree of synchrony and the effect of subnetwork topology are evaluated based on the Kuramoto order parameter and the minimum coupling strength necessary for the order parameter to exceed a threshold value, respectively. In contrast to an isolated network in which random connectivity is favorable for achieving synchrony, NoNs synchronize with weaker interconnections when the degree distribution of subnetworks is heterogeneous, suggesting the major role of the high-degree nodes. We also investigate a case in which subnetworks with different average natural frequencies are coupled to show that direct coupling of subnetworks with the largest variation is effective for synchronizing the whole system. In real-world NoNs like the brain, the balance of synchrony and asynchrony is critical for its function at various spatial resolutions. Our work provides novel insights into the topological basis of coordinated dynamics in such networks.
Evidence of sinks and sources in the phospholipase C‐activated PIP2 cycle

In many eukaryotic signalling cascades, receptor‐mediated phospholipase C (PLC) activity triggers phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2) hydrolysis, leading to information transfer. Coupled with PLC activation is a sequence of reactions spread across multiple compartments which resynthesize PIP2, a process essential for supporting sustained PLC signalling. The biochemical strategies coordinating these reactions and, in particular, whether this is a closed cycle with no net addition or loss of metabolites, are poorly understood. Using mathematical models, we find that most closed PIP2 cycles cannot explain experimentally observed changes in key metabolic intermediates in particular mutants. Thus, we propose that the PIP2 cycle likely includes at least one metabolic source and one sink whose net activity results in the experimentally observed regulation of this key signalling pathway.
Physiologically Attentive User Interface for Robot Teleoperation - Real Time Emotional State Estimation and Interface Modification using Physiology, Facial Expressions and Eye Movements

We developed a framework for Physiologically Attentive User Interfaces, to reduce the interaction gap between humans and machines in life critical robot teleoperations. Our system utilizes emotional state awareness capabilities of psychophysiology and classifies three emotional states (Resting, Stress, and Workload) by analysing physiological data along with facial expression and eye movement analysis. This emotional state estimation is then used to create a dynamic interface that updates in real time with respect to user’s emotional state. The results of a preliminary evaluation of the developed emotional state classifier for robot teleoperation are presented, along with its future possibilities are discussed.
Review on toxicity of graphene following pulmonary exposure

Graphene which has only recently been identified has drawn attention of many scientists due to its exclusive properties particularly the platelet-like shape which it exhibits . This shape seems to be pivotal to its toxicity potential. [8] This fairly novel material can cause unusual risks to the health of workers following pulmonary exposure in the occupational environment. This study combines literature review of the toxicity potential of graphene materials with different characterizations following pulmonary exposure. The studies use two different exposure techniques namely instillation and inhalation, therefore a comparison was made to see which of the two was a more effective method. Moreover, experimental data from an ongoing study assessing short and long term inflammation and total protein concentration in BAL fluid of Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide(rGO) was included and compared to the results from the literature studies. The results obtained from our study showed that from exposure to rGO there occurred increased inflammation 1 day post exposure, compared to VC and Carbon Black (CB). The inflammation decreased afterwards up to 3 months Whereas, from exposure to GO, there was an increase in inflammation, until Day 2,which then decreased until after 3 months. Further, the results showed that GPs which went up to 25μm in diameter caused inflammation and frustrated phagocytosis. [8, 10] Currently, only a few literary studies using inhalation as the exposure technique exist. This technique simulates real life exposure therefore more research needs to be conducted in future to further investigate the medium term and long term effects of exposure to graphene materials. Pulmonary exposure to graphene materials in the working enviornment
A Re-Evaluation of the Viral Hypothesis: Is Psychosis the Result of Retroviral Integration at a Site Close to the Cerebral Dominance Gene?

Summary The extent to which concordance rates for schizophrenia in monozygotic twins (between 36 and 58%) fall short of 100% is often taken as an index of the role of an environmental factor in schizophrenia, but such an agent remains elusive. That schizophrenic symptoms are observed in some viral illnesses suggests that schizophrenia might be due to a gene-virus interaction, but analysis of age of onset in pairs of siblings with the disease rules out horizontal transmission. An alternative hypothesis is proposed that onset of disease is due to the expression of a ‘provirus', which is integrated in the genome, having been acquired either by prenatal infection or in the germ-line from an affected parent; this could explain why the season of birth effect is accentuated in, and perhaps confined to the group of patients without a family history of the disease. Germ-line integration is known to occur following infection with agents of the retrovirus class. ∗ Such agents can integrate at many sites in the host genome, but their interactions with proto-oncogenes (cellular genes which may act as growth factors) identify one type of integration site, and are. associated with some of their pathogenic effects. Some characteristics of schizophrenic illness, particularly their selectivity for the dominant hemisphere, can be understood on the assumption that the virus (perhaps a retrovirus) responsible for the disease interacts with a proto-oncogene, which induces the asymmetrical brain growth responsible, for laterality and cerebral dominance. The aetiologies of manic-depressive illness and schizophrenia may be related (the season of birth and onset effects are the same for the two conditions) and there is some evidence that the former transmutes into the latter in succeeding generations. The persistence of the functional psychoses may be due to the ability of the psychosis gene (or ‘provirus’) to induce change in the genetic mechanisms responsible for the development of laterality. (∗ See postscript pp 253).
Dynamic optimality in real-time: A learning framework for near-optimal robot motions

Elastic robots have a distinct feature that makes them especially interesting to optimal control: their ability to mechanically store and release potential energy. However, solving any kind of optimal control problem for such highly nonlinear dynamics is feasible only numerically, i.e. offline. In turn, optimal solutions would only contribute a clear benefit for dynamic environments/tasks (apart from rather general insights), if they would be accessible/generalizable in real-time. In this paper, we propose a framework for executing near-optimal motions for elastic arms in real-time. We approach the problem as follows. First, we define a set of prototypical optimal control problems. These represent a reasonable set of motions that an intrinsically elastic robot arm is sought to execute. Exemplary, we solve the optimal control problem for some of these prototypes in a roughly covered task space. Then, we encode the resulting optimal trajectories in a dynamical system via Dynamic Movement Primitives (DMPs). Finally, a distance and cost function based metric forms the basis to generalize from the learned parameterizations to a new unsolved optimal control problem in real-time. In short, we intend to overcome the well known problems of optimal control and learning with associated generalization: being offline and being suboptimal, respectively.
Options for CDC's Cancer Screening Programs: Implications of the Affordable Care Act

Screening to promote early detection of cancer is a fundamental tool in preventive medicine and public health that facilitates earlier treatment and reductions in cancer mortality. Systematic reviews of the research demonstrate that early detection and treatment for breast and cervical cancers can reduce cancer-related mortality. 2 One of the most important barriers to women being screened is the lack of health insurance coverage. 4 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) administers two programs designed to increase screening, particularly among low-income and vulnerable populations: the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) and the Colorectal Cancer Control Program (CRCCP). NBCCEDP operates through a series of grants provided to state, territorial, and tribal agencies that help fund screening and related promotion/prevention interventions, particularly aimed at low-income uninsured and underinsured women who would otherwise be unable to afford the costs of clinical breast exams, mammograms, Pap smears, cervical exams, and related screening and diagnostic tests. CRCCP operates on a similar basis and serves low-income uninsured and underinsured men and women who cannot afford fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy and related tests.
Anatomy of medial plantar superficial branch artery perforators: Facilitation of medial plantar superficial branch artery perforator (MPAP) flap harvesting and design for finger pulp reconstruction

Medial plantar artery perforator (MPAP) flap was proposed as proper option for finger pulp reconstruction. To provide the previously unavailable vessel information required for this small flap design, this study aimed to gather all necessary anatomy of MPA, MPAP, and their territories of blood supply to apply in clinical MPAP flap reconstruction minimizing perforator injury.
Signaling cascades in thyroid cancer: Increasing the armory of archers to hit bullseye

Thyroid cancer is a multifaceted and therapeutically challenging disease and rapidly accumulating experimentally verified findings have considerably improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms which underlie its development. Substantial fraction of information has been added into existing landscape of molecular oncology and we have started to develop a sharper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of thyroid cancer. Wealth of information demystified different intracellular signaling cascades which are frequently deregulated in thyroid cancer. In vitro assays and xenografted mice based studies have helped us to identify drug targets and different synthetic and natural products are currently being tested to effectively treat thyroid cancer. Cabozantinib and vandetanib have been approved to treat medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) and two agents (lenvatinib and sorafenib) are also being used to treat radioactive‐iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. This review comprehensively summarizes most recent advancements in our knowledge related to dysregulated intracellular signaling cascades in thyroid cancer and how different proteins can be therapeutically exploited. (1) We discuss how loss of TRAIL mediated apoptosis occurred in thyroid cancer cells and how different strategies can be used to restore apoptosis in resistant cancer cells; (2) We provide detailed account of seemingly opposite roles of NOTCH signaling in thyroid cancers; (3) TGF/SMAD mediated signaling also needs detailed research because of context dependent role in thyroid cancer. Researchers have only begun to scratch the surface of how TGF signaling works in thyroid cancer and metastasis; and (4) Role of SHH signaling in thyroid cancer stem cells is also well appreciated and targeting of SHH pathway will be an important aspect in treatment of thyroid cancer. Better concepts and improved knowledge will be helpful for clinicians in getting a step closer to individualized medicine.
Fabrication of wrist-like SMA-based actuator by double smart soft composite casting

A new manufacturing method for smart soft composite (SSC) actuators that consists of double casting a SSC actuator to produce an actuator with non-linear shape memory alloy (SMA) wire positioning is proposed. This method is used to manufacture a tube-shaped SSC actuator in which the SMA wires follow the curvature of the tube and is capable of pure-twisting deformations while sustaining a cantilever load. The concept is tested by measuring the maximum twisting angle and a simple control method is proposed to control the twisting angle of the actuator. Then, a soft robotic wrist with a length of 18 cm is built, its load-carrying capability is tested by measuring the cantilever force required for deforming the actuator, and its load-carrying capability during actuation is tested by loading one end with different objects and actuating the actuator. This wrist actuator shows good repeatability, is capable of twisting deformations up to 25° while holding objects weighing 100 g, and can sustain loads above 2 N without undergoing buckling.