Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Common Binding Site Mediates Heterodimerization and Homodimerization of Bcl-2 Family Members*

Bcl-2 inhibits apoptosis induced by a wide variety of stimuli. In contrast, the Bcl-2 homologue, Bax, antagonizes Bcl-2's death protecting function. Bcl-2 forms protein-protein homodimers with itself and heterodimers with Bax, and previous experiments have shown that point mutations in Bcl-2 can abrogate Bax binding while leaving homodimerization intact. These mutagenesis results can be interpreted to suggest that Bcl-2 has separate binding sites that are responsible for homodimer and heterodimer formation. Results from yeast two-hybrid studies have also suggested that homodimerization and heterodimerization reflect distinct modes of interaction. However, using quantitative plate binding assays, we now show that Bax as well as peptides derived from the BH3 domains of Bax and Bak block both Bcl-2/Bax binding and Bcl-2/Bcl-2 binding. Similar assays demonstrate that Bcl-xL can form both homodimers and heterodimers and that these interactions are also inhibited by Bax and the BH3-derived peptides. These results demonstrate that the same binding motifs are responsible for both homodimerization and heterodimerization of Bcl-2 family members.
A Driver Assistance System Based on Mobile Device

The paper aims at providing an intelligent driver assistance system on mobile devices, which is mainly composed of the two parts - off road warning and distance warning of front vehicles. In this application, the paper proposes an efficient lane and front vehicles detection and tracking method which has been experiments on mobile phones. The method is proved to be efficient and practical even though the compute capacity is limited on mobile phones.
Analysis of New Modular Linear Flux Reversal Permanent Magnet Motors

In this paper, a new modular linear flux reversal permanent magnet (M-LFRPM) motor is proposed and analyzed. The key of the proposed motor is to adopt a new modular mover structure, hence offering the desired fault-tolerant capability and an improved force performance. Utilizing the new modular mover structure, the magnet utilization ratio of the proposed motor is significantly enhanced as compared with the existing one, resulting in a higher thrust force density. Moreover, the back electromotive force of the proposed motor is symmetrical and sinusoidal due to its complementary PM magnetic circuits. For a fair comparison, the proposed motor is designed and built based on an existing M-LFRPM motor with the similar electromagnetic and geometrical parameters. Then, their force ripples are analyzed and decomposed using the frozen permeability method due to its high accuracy for force separation, revealing that the cogging and reluctance force ripples of the proposed motor counteract each other and are significantly reduced. Finally, the electromagnetic performance of both the motors is analyzed and compared using the time-stepping finite-element method, verifying that the proposed motor definitely offers the desired fault-tolerant capability and the improved force performance viz., the reduced cogging force and the improved thrust force compared with the existing one.
Building the Value of Next-Generation Platforms: The Paradox of Diminishing Returns

Next-generation technology provides users with new, advanced functionality that often renders the past technology obsolete, opening a window of opportunity for challengers. Major benefits can accrue to technology leaders, but for platform technologies that require complementary innovation from external complementors to create value for users, those benefits are limited by the difficulty of securing complements. The focus of this article is on the value users derive from the variety and quality of platform complements and its impact on leaders’ performance over time relative to followers. The article shows that next-generation platform leaders that build in-house complements and encourage broader participation by external complementors can enhance platform value to users at early market stages. Yet, later on, when the market has taken off, continuing to leverage these strategies will negatively affect the variety and quality of their complements, constraining their growth capacity and performance relative to followers. Leaders may thus lock themselves into suboptimal performance patterns and eventually fall behind their followers. The analysis provided herein offers new insights about what drives platform competition by highlighting the challenges platform leaders face, particularly in the growth stage of a platform’s market evolution, and the critical role played by complement quality in shaping platform competition over time.
Changes in proliferation, differentiation, fibroblast growth factor 2 responsiveness and expression of syndecan‐4 and glypican‐1 with turkey satellite cell age

Myogenic satellite cells are heterogeneous multipotential stem cells that are required for muscle repair, maintenance, and growth. The membrane‐associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans syndecan‐4 and glypican‐1 differentially regulate satellite cell proliferation, differentiation, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) signal transduction, and expression of the myogenic regulatory factors MyoD and myogenin. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of age on syndecan‐4 and glypican‐1 satellite cell populations, proliferation, differentiation, FGF2 responsiveness, and expression of syndecan‐4, glypican‐1, MyoD, and myogenin using satellite cells isolated from the pectoralis major muscle of 1‐day‐old, 7‐week‐old and 16‐week‐old turkeys. Proliferation was significantly reduced in the 16‐week‐old satellite cells, while differentiation was decreased in the 7‐week‐old and the 16‐week‐old cells beginning at 48 h of differentiation. Fibroblast growth factor 2 responsiveness was highest in the 1‐day‐old and 7‐week‐old cells during proliferation; during differentiation there was an age‐dependent response to FGF2. Syndecan‐4 and glypican‐1 satellite cell populations decreased with age, but syndecan‐4 and glypican‐1 were differentially expressed with age during proliferation and differentiation. MyoD and myogenin mRNA expression was significantly decreased in 16‐week‐old cells compared to the 1‐day‐old and 7‐week‐old cells. MyoD and myogenin protein expression was higher during proliferation in the 16‐week‐old cells and decreased with differentiation. These data demonstrate an age‐dependent effect on syndecan‐4 and glypican‐1 satellite cell subpopulations, which may be associated with age‐related changes in proliferation, differentiation, FGF2 responsiveness, and the expression of the myogenic regulatory factors MyoD and myogenin.
Plausible Solutions to School Violence and Disturbance in America

This chapter discussed the overall reduction of crime and rise of violence in schools across America to include activities from bullying to school shootings. There was a definition of school violence provided along with the most common reasons why bulling occurs. The importance of warning signs was addressed and the significance of having key individuals such as teachers, coaches, counselors, SRO’s, parents and family members trained in recognizing these signs so that some type of orchestrated intervention can be applied to the situation and the children being bullied and those performing the bullying can be addressed. The fact of why many children do not report being bullied or ask for help and how it is connected to the issues of power was provided and information regarding teachers who would rather ignore bullying in their classrooms than to address it and be in a confrontational situation was examined. The four prominent theories which relate directly to learned behavior and violence, such as social learning theory, differential association, rational choice theory and Violentization were discussed due to them being the foundation for recognizing, understanding and effectively dealing with bullying and school violence for school officials, parents and SRO’s.
A rapid antenna selection for MIMO-diversity systems

The technology of antenna selection for MIMO diversity systems can keep most of the diversity gain, yet needs no more RF chains. This paper develops a rapid antenna selection method for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) diversity systems which use maximum ratio transmit (MRT) at the transmitter and Maximum Ratio Combine (MRC) at the receiver. In this method, at each step, a new antenna is added to the selected antenna subset to make sure that they can provide the largest SNR gain. Comparing to the optimum antenna selection, this method reduces the number of antenna subsets to be searched and the computation for each step, and thus, reduces the complexity. Computer simulations show that the BER, capacity and SNR gain performances of our algorithm are nearly the same as the optimum one which needs a full search of all the possible antenna subsets.
Nonholonomic motion planning for mobile manipulators

A nonholonomic motion planner for mobile manipulators moving in cluttered environments is presented. The approach is based on a discontinuous feedback law under the influence of a special potential field. Convergence is shown via Lyapunov's direct method. Utilizing redundancy, the methodology allows the system to perform secondary, configuration dependent, objectives such as singularity avoidance. It introduces an efficient feedback scheme for real time navigation of nonholonomic systems.
A programmable CMOS RF frequency synthesizer for multi-standard wireless applications

This paper deals with a new frequency synthesizer dedicated to multi-standard wireless applications. It converts a 50 MHz wave clock into two outputs in quadrature phase. It takes advantage of the DLL topology in terms of jitter and phase noise and has no external element. Simulations of the structure designed with a 130 nm SOI CMOS technology confirming the performance of the system are also presented.
Adenosine-induced late preconditioning in mouse hearts: role of p38 MAP kinase and mitochondrial K(ATP) channels.

We investigated the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and opening of the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K(+) [(K(ATP))(mito)] channel in the adenosine A(1) receptor (A(1)AR)-induced delayed cardioprotective effect in the mouse heart. Adult male mice were treated with vehicle (5% DMSO) or the A(1)AR agonist 2-chloro-N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA; 0.1 mg/kg ip). Twenty-four hours later, hearts were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion in the Langendorff mode. Genistein or SB-203580 (1 mg/kg i.p.) given 30 min before CCPA treatment was used to block receptor tyrosine kinase or p38 MAPK phosphorylation, respectively. 5-Hydroxydecanoate (5-HD; 200 microM) was used to block (K(ATP))(mito) channels. CCPA produced marked improvement in left ventricular function, which was partially blocked by SB-203580 and 5-HD and completely abolished with genistein. CCPA caused a reduction in infarct size (12.0 +/- 2.0 vs. 30.3 +/- 3.0% in vehicle), which was blocked by genistein (29.4 +/- 2.3%), SB-203580 (28.3 +/- 2.6%), and 5-HD (33.9 +/- 2.4%). CCPA treatment also caused increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK during ischemia, which was blocked by genistein, SB-203580, and 5-HD. The results suggest that A(1)AR-triggered delayed cardioprotection is mediated by p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Blockade of cardioprotection with 5-HD concomitant with decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation suggests a potential role of (K(ATP))(mito) channel opening in phosphorylation and ensuing the late preconditioning effect of A(1)AR.
Response Surface Methodology and its Application in Simulation

The contents of this paper reflect a portion of the conference tutorial on the application of response surface methodology to simulation. In this paper we will present an outline of the methodology and give a simple example of its application to a two variable optimization problem. In the tutorial itself we will discuss the methodology in greater detail and discuss an additional application to a six variable optimization problem. The examples are taken from the simulation of a semiconductor manufacturing line.
Brain structure, working memory and response inhibition in childhood leukemia survivors

Survival rates for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) approach 95%. At the same time, there is growing concern that chemotherapy causes alterations in brain development and cognitive abilities. We performed MRI measurements of white and gray matter volume to explore how variation in brain structure may be related to cognitive abilities in ALL survivors and healthy controls.
Evaluation of Automatic Hypernym Extraction from Technical Corpora in English and Dutch

In this research, we evaluate different approaches for the automatic extraction of hypernym relations from English and Dutch technical text. The detected hypernym relations should enable us to semantically structure automatically obtained term lists from domain- and user-specific data. We investigated three different hypernymy extraction approaches for Dutch and English: a lexico-syntactic pattern-based approach, a distributional model and a morpho-syntactic method. To test the performance of the different approaches on domain-specific data, we collected and manually annotated English and Dutch data from two technical domains, viz. the dredging and financial domain. The experimental results show that especially the morpho-syntactic approach obtains good results for automatic hypernym extraction from technical and domain-specific texts.
Don't be greedy when calculating hypervolume contributions

Most hypervolume indicator based optimization algorithms like SIBEA [Zitzler et al. 2007], SMS-EMOA [Beume et al. 2007], or MO-CMA-ES [Igel et al. 2007] remove the solution with the smallest loss with respect to the dominated hypervolume from the population. This is usually iterated λ times until the size of the population no longer exceeds a fixed size μ. We show that there are populations such that the contributing hypervolume of the λ solutions chosen by this greedy selection scheme can be much smaller than the contributing hypervolume of an optimal set of λ solutions. Selecting the optimal λ-set implies calculating (μ+λ over μ)conventional hypervolume contributions, which is considered computationally too expensive. We present the first hypervolume algorithm which calculates directly the contribution of every set of λ solutions. This gives an additive term of (μ+λ over μ)in the runtime of the calculation instead of a multiplicative factor of binomial(μ+λ over μ). Given a population of size <i>n</i>=μ+λ, our algorithm can calculate a set of λ≥ solutions with minimal <i>d</i>-dimensional hypervolume contribution in time <i>O</i>(<i>n</i><sup><i>d</i>/2</sup> log + <i>n</i> <sup>λ</sup>) for <i>d</i> > 2. This improves all previously published algorithms by a factor of order <i>n</i><sup>min(λ,<i>,d</i>/2</sup> for <i>d</i> >3. Therefore even if we remove the solutions one by one greedily as usual, we gain a speedup factor of <i>n</i> for all <i>d</i> > 3.
Small Bowel Bacterial Overgrowth in Children

Objectives: The aim of study was to perform a comprehensive review of the pathogenesis, available diagnostic procedures, prevalence, clinical manifestations, and consequences of small bowel bacterial overgrowth (SBBO) as well as treatment options in the pediatric population. Methods: A literature search including MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases was performed. Results: SBBO is found in a variety of childhood conditions in which the normal homeostatic mechanisms restricting bacterial colonization in the small bowel are disturbed by congenital or acquired anatomical abnormalities, diminished gastric acid secretion, congenital alteration of intestinal motility or acquired small bowel diseases, or other chronic disorders including primary or acquired immunodeficiency. Data show that SBBO may be an underrecognized cause of pediatric morbidity. Although several diagnostic tests for SBBO determination are available, each has its drawbacks and limitations. Indeed, there is still no “criterion standard” for SBBO diagnosis in the pediatric population. Owing to lack of established guidelines and few published interventional studies that assess the effectiveness of SBBO therapy, treatment of children with SBBO remains empiric and comprises antibiotic or probiotic therapy. Conclusions: Further research is needed to determine the clinical impact of SBBO and to establish diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines applicable to children.
In Vitro Fertilization in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patient: An Update

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients have posed significant challenges when treated for their infertility with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Their propensity for an exaggerated response to gonadotropin therapy places them at high risk for developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Early OHSS is seen because of their hyper-responsiveness and the persistence in the circulation of the exogenously administered human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Late OHSS develops because of these patients’ relatively good prognosis for pregnancy with assisted reproductive technologies and the emergence of increasing amounts of endogenous hCG as pregnancy is established. Moreover, as undesirable as it may be, it may be necessary to resort to cycle cancellation to avoid the development of OHSS in high responders, like in patients with PCOS. Indeed, a 10.5% incidence of moderate to severe OHSS has been seen in PCOS patients, which is greater than the 0.5% to 4% observed in the general IVF population. A recent meta-analysis noted an odds ratio of 6.8 [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.9-9.6] for the development of OHSS in ultrasounddetermined PCO patients compared with those with normal-appearing ovaries on baseline ultrasound.5 Therefore, at any given moment, a busy IVF practice must deal with the delicate balance of stimulation and response exemplified in the challenges of treating PCOS patients. The present manuscript represents an update of the issues facing the clinician who recommends and treats infertile PCOS patients with IVF and builds on information previously presented.
The Impact of Parental Operational Stress Injury on Child Mental Health and Well-Being: A Scoping Review

ABSTRACT Recognizing the impact of parental mental health on child development, the purpose of this scoping review was to identify and synthesize the research literature describing the impact of parental operational stress injury (OSI) on children and youth from military and veteran families. Arksey and O'Malley's 2005 guidelines for conducting scoping reviews were followed. A total of 18 separate databases were searched, in addition to three university-based discovery platforms. From this search, 506 potential sources were identified; 64 proceeded to full data extraction and analysis. This study identified two significant themes in the current literature. First, there are multiple ways in which parental OSIs can impact children and youth. Families need to renegotiate parenting roles and responsibilities, experience changes in spousal relationships that can cascade into parenting, and face shifting family dynamics. In addition, children and youth can experience secondary traumatization, be at risk for child maltreatment, and manifest general impacts on their mental health and development. Second, responding to the impacts through collaboration and innovation. Future directions include informing research with the voices of all members of the family. Knowledge translation strategies are necessary for collaboration across all areas to support this population.
Reengineering Real Time Outbreak Detection Systems for Influenza Epidemic Monitoring

In the wake of fears over pandemic influenza, triggered by concern about avian influenza, a top national priority is to adapt surveillance systems, such as Biosense, for influenza monitoring. While real time surveillance system architects have been largely focused on the problem of discrete outbreak detection, the data in these systems have been shown to have unique advantages for the timely detection of influenza. In this study, we evaluate the utility influenza detection by real-time surveillance as an adjunct to the traditional CDC surveillance systems.
Characterization and functional expression of the natriuretic peptide system in human lens epithelial cells

Purpose The family of natriuretic peptides (NPs); atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) as well as three associated receptors (NPRs); natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A), natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B), and natriuretic peptide receptor C (NPR-C) has never been documented in human lens epithelial cells. The study described herein was designed to demonstrate both expression and functionality of components of the natriuretic peptides and natriuretic peptide receptors in the human lens epithelial cell line, HLE-B3 and in normal human lens epithelial cell cultures (nHLE). Methods Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) along with confirmation by DNA sequencing and real-time quantitative RT–PCR was used to identify and demonstrate expression of mRNA for the natriuretic peptide family. Authentication of protein expression of the natriuretic peptide receptors was determined by using formaldehyde-fixed, Saponin-permeabilized cells (HLE-B3) or methanol:acetone-fixed and permeabilized cells (nHLE) using conventional immunofluorescence techniques. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine cyclic GMP (cGMP) activity as stimulated by exogenous addition of natriuretic peptides. Results Using RT–PCR with confirmation by DNA sequencing and real-time quantitative RT–PCR, HLE-B3 cells were shown to express mRNA for ANP, BNP, and CNP along with their associated receptors. Conventional immunofluorescence on the permeabilized cells confirmed positive diffuse staining indicating the presence of the three natriuretic peptide receptors in both HLE-B3 and nHLE cells. All three natriuretic peptides educe a cGMP response in the rank order CNP>>ANP≈BNP indicating that the natriuretic peptide family is functional in HLE-B3 cells. Conclusions The data indicates that ANP, BNP, and CNP and natriuretic peptide receptor transcripts are expressed and are functional in human lens epithelial cells. The cellular expression of NPs and NPRs, as well as the demonstration that all three NPs activate guanylyl cyclase suggests a potential role in maintaining lens epithelial cell homeostasis.
Improving Detection of Iron Deposition in Cirrhotic Liver Using Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging With Emphasis on Histopathological Correlation

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the value of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) for detection and quantification of iron deposition in cirrhotic liver. Methods Fifty-five cirrhotic patients underwent hepatic magnetic resonance imaging examination including SWI and multiecho T2*-weighted imaging (T2*WI). Detection of iron deposition and number of siderotic nodules were compared between SWI and T2*WI. Correlation among SWI phase value, T2* value, and hepatic iron concentration were determined. Results Susceptibility-weighted imaging significantly improved detection of iron deposition compared with T2*WI (90.7% vs 66.7%, P = 0.002), attributing to grade 1 (73.3% vs 26.7%, P = 0.027) and grade 2 (93.8% vs 56.3%, P = 0.037). Iron deposition of grade 3 and 4 could be detected by both SWI and T2*WI. The number of siderotic nodules visualized on SWI was significantly larger than that on T2*WI (107.5 ± 7.4 vs 62.7 ± 4.6, P = 0.002). There were significantly negative correlation between phase value and iron score (r = −0.803), and positive correlation between phase value and T2* value (r = 0.771). Conclusions Susceptibility-weighted imaging can improve detection of minimal and mild iron deposition in cirrhotic liver.