Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Answer Ranking in Community Question Answer (QA) System and Questions Recommendation

There are many question-answer forum but still when a user wants an answer to his/her question, posting it on the forum or manually searching the answer on the forum is a tedious task. Also, when it comes to searching for the answer that a user wants, make it even more difficult. On top of that, every other person can form the similar meaning question differently and if that question isn't present in the forum it will add it and may create redundancy in the database and also on the forum. So, our proposed system which not only will remove the redundancy of the similar meaning question but also will rank the answer based on like and comments. We also added various features like bookmark the answer a user likes and also send those question and answer to the user via e-mail. Above all, we are also helping the user to get a recommendation based on the user activity. The system is a domain specific. So, we will be using three domain of 1. Programming Languages 2. Higher Studies 3. In-Car Assistance for the question-answer forum and the date i.e. questions and answers to them will be created dynamically.
Clinical Utility of Viral Load in Management of Cytomegalovirus Infection after Solid Organ Transplantation

SUMMARY The negative impact of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on transplant outcomes warrants efforts toward improving its prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. During the last 2 decades, significant breakthroughs in diagnostic virology have facilitated remarkable improvements in CMV disease management. During this period, CMV nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) evolved to become one of the most commonly performed tests in clinical virology laboratories. NAT provides a means for rapid and sensitive diagnosis of CMV infection in transplant recipients. Viral quantification also introduced several principles of CMV disease management. Specifically, viral load has been utilized (i) for prognostication of CMV disease, (ii) to guide preemptive therapy, (iii) to assess the efficacy of antiviral treatment, (iv) to guide the duration of treatment, and (v) to indicate the risk of clinical relapse or antiviral drug resistance. However, there remain important limitations that require further optimization, including the interassay variability in viral load reporting, which has limited the generation of standardized viral load thresholds for various clinical indications. The recent introduction of an international reference standard should advance the major goal of uniform viral load reporting and interpretation. However, it has also become apparent that other aspects of NAT should be standardized, including sample selection, nucleic acid extraction, amplification, detection, and calibration, among others. This review article synthesizes the vast amount of information on CMV NAT and provides a timely review of the clinical utility of viral load testing in the management of CMV in solid organ transplant recipients. Current limitations are highlighted, and avenues for further research are suggested to optimize the clinical application of NAT in the management of CMV after transplantation.
Effect of Islanding and Telecontrolled Switches on Distribution System Reliability Considering Load and Green-Energy Fluctuations

To improve electrical distribution network reliability, some portions of the network could operate in autonomous mode, provided that the related technical issues are addressed. More specifically, when there is not a path from those portions to the primary substation due to a fault in the network, such portions could be disconnected from the main network and supplied by local generation only. Such a mode of operation is known as “intentional islanding” and its effectiveness, in terms of adequacy, depends on the ability of the local generation to meet the island’s load. In fact, the ratio between the available local generation and load demand can frequently change during islanding due to load variations and, especially, due to the strongly irregular behavior of the primary energy sources of renewable generators. This paper proposes an analytical formulation to assess local generation adequacy during intentional islanding, accounting for the aforementioned variations. More specifically, the fluctuations of load and green-energy generators during islanding are modeled by means of Markov chains, whose output quantities are encompassed in the proposed analytical formulation. Such a formulation is used by the analytical equations of load points’ outage rate and duration. The evaluation of the reliability indices accounts for a protection scheme based on an appropriate communication infrastructure. Therefore, a brief overview on the telecommunications technologies has been presented with reference to their suitability for the specific application. In particular, distribution network safety issues have been considered as the main concern. The results show that neglecting load and generation fluctuations leads to a strong overestimation of the ability of distributed generators to meet the island load. Through a case study it is observed that the error on the load point outage rate is greater than the one affecting the outage duration.
Supplementation of the Diet with High-Viscosity Beta-Glucan Results in Enrichment for Lactobacilli in the Rat Cecum

ABSTRACT BBn (BioBreeding) rats were fed casein-based diets supplemented with barley flour, oatmeal flour, cellulose, or barley β-glucans of high [HV] or low viscosity [LV] in order to measure the prebiotic effects of these different sources of dietary fiber. The dietary impact on the composition of the cecal microbiota was determined by the generation of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene sequences. The DGGE profiles produced from the cecal microbiota of rats within each dietary group were similar, but consensus profiles generated from pooled bacterial DNAs showed differences between rat groups. Animals fed HV glucans (HV-fed rats) had DGGE consensus profiles that were 30% dissimilar from those of the other rat groups. A 16S rRNA gene fragment that was more conspicuous in the profiles of HV-fed animals than in those of cellulose-fed rats had sequence identity with Lactobacillus acidophilus. Measurements of L. acidophilus rRNA abundance (DNA-RNA hybridization), the preparation of cloned 16S rRNA gene libraries, and the enumeration of Lactobacillus cells (fluorescent in situ hybridization) showed that lactobacilli formed a greater proportion of the cecal microbiota in HV-fed rats. In vitro experiments confirmed that some lactobacilli utilize oligosaccharides (degree of polymerization, 3 or 4) present in β-glucan hydrolysates. The results of this study have relevance to the use of purified β-glucan products as dietary supplements for human consumption.
Learning "verb-object" concepts for semantic image annotation

In real-world image understanding and retrieval applications, there exists a large number of images containing "verb-object" semantic. The most existing image annotation approaches which mainly focus on annotating images with "object" concepts may not well describe the image semantics. In this paper, we propose a novel image annotation approach by learning "verb-object" concepts. The "verb-object" concept learning method is developed based on the assumption that the classifiers of the "verb-object" concepts which contain the same object usually share a common structure. We formulate each "verb-object" concept classifier as a combination of a private part and a common part shared by all the "verb-object" concepts containing the same object. These classifiers are learned simultaneously through a joint optimization process. Experiments on a Web image data set containing 22,812 images with 28 concepts demonstrate that the proposed approach achieved promising performance compared to the baseline method.
Historical contingency and ecological determinism interact to prime speciation in sticklebacks, Gasterosteus

Historical contingency and determinism are often cast as opposing paradigms under which evolutionary diversification operates. It may be, however, that both factors act together to promote evolutionary divergence, although there are few examples of such interaction in nature. We tested phylogenetic predictions of an explicit historical model of divergence (double invasions of freshwater by marine ancestors) in sympatric species of three–spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) where determinism has been implicated as an important factor driving evolutionary novelty. Microsatellite DNA variation at six loci revealed relatively low genetic variation in freshwater populations, supporting the hypothesis that they were derived by colonization of freshwater by more diverse marine ancestors. Phylogenetic and genetic distance analyses suggested that pairs of sympatric species have evolved multiple times, further implicating determinism as a factor in speciation. Our data also supported predictions based on the hypothesis that the evolution of sympatric species was contingent upon ‘double invasions’ of postglacial lakes by ancestral marine sticklebacks. Sympatric sticklebacks, therefore, provide an example of adaptive radiation by determinism contingent upon historical conditions promoting unique ecological interactions, and illustrate how contingency and determinism may interact to generate geographical variation in species diversity.
Ultra High Step-up DC-DC Converter Based on Switched Inductor-Capacitor Cells

In this paper, a high step-up dc-dc converter is proposed. The main feature of the proposed converter is its flexibility in developing and achieving different high voltage gains. This converter comprises of inductor-capacitor cells and with a higher number of cells, voltage gain increases. The proposed converter's operation principle is based on charging in parallel and discharging in series paths. Operation analysis and voltage gain and voltage stresses of semiconductors are calculated and contrasted with other converters to illustrate the prominent attributes of the proposed converter. Simulation results, which have been implemented via PSCAD-EMTDC, are presented to validate the performance of this converter.
Depression in older adults

#### Summary points Depression is a major contributor to healthcare costs and is projected to be the leading cause of disease burden in middle and higher income countries by the year 2030.w1 Depression in later life, traditionally defined as age older than 65, is associated with disability, increased mortality, and poorer outcomes from physical illness. Most clinicians will encounter older patients with depression in their day to day practice, but although treatment is as effective for older patients as for younger adults, the condition is often under-recognised and under-treated. According to WHO data, proportionately more people aged over 65 commit suicide than any other age group, and most have major depression. Older people who attempt suicide are more likely to die than younger people, while in those who survive, prognosis is worse for older adults.1 With a progressively ageing population worldwide, identification and treatment of depression in older adults becomes increasingly important, especially as older patients may have different presentations and needs than younger ones. We consider recent systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomised controlled trials to …
Split ring loaded dielectric resonator antenna

Dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) can be miniaturized by using high-permittivity (high-ε) and/or high-permeability (high-μ) materials. Given the same miniaturization ratio, the one with high-μ allows for a wider bandwidth. However, the loss of a natural high-μ material is unacceptably high at microwave frequencies. Alternatively, low-loss permeability can be artificially engineered for microwave applications. In this paper, the high-μ is obtained by embedding split ring resonators (SRRs) in a host dielectric. Parametric studies on DRAs with different sized SRRs are performed to provide an optimal antenna design guideline.
Mobile phones modulate response patterns of human brain activity

MOBILE phones emit a pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic field (PEMF) which may penetrate the scalp and the skull. Increasingly, there is an interest in the interaction of this pulsed microwave radiation with the human brain. Our investigations show that these electromagnetic fields alter distinct aspects of the brain's electrical response to acoustic stimuli. More precisely, our results demonstrate that aspects of the induced but not the evoked brain activity during PEMF exposure can be different from those not influenced by PEMF radiation. This effect appears in higher frequency bands when subjects process task-relevant target stimuli but was not present for irrelevant standard stimuli. As the induced brain activity in higher frequency bands has been proposed to be a correlate of coherent high-frequency neuronal activity, PEMF exposure may provide means to systematically alter the pattern fluctuations in neural mass activity.
A patent review of bisphosphonates in treating bone disease

ABSTRACT Introduction: Bisphosphonates (BPs) are widely used to manage a variety of bone disorders, including osteoporosis, metastatic bone disease and myeloma bone disease. The nitrogen-containing BPs (NBPs) target osteoclast activity by disrupting protein prenylation via inhibition of farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS). Areas covered: This review summarizes the recent advances in BPs with a focus on the latest patents (2015–2018). Patents involving novel BPs, new modes of BP delivery, as well as use of BPs to deliver other drugs to bone are discussed. A review of phosphonate-based drugs targeting geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGDPS) or geranylgeranyl transferase II (GGTase II) as alternative strategies to disrupt protein geranylgeranylation is provided. Expert opinion: While the NBPs remain the mainstay of treatment for most bone disorders, further understanding of their pharmacological properties could lead to further refinement of their chemical structures and optimization of efficacy and safety profiles. In addition, the development of NBP analogs or drug delivery mechanisms that allow for nonbone tissue exposure could allow for the use of these drugs as direct anticancer agents. The development of GGDPS and GGTase II inhibitors represents alternative heterocycle phosphonate-based strategies to disrupt protein geranylgeranylation and may have potential as anticancer agents and/or as bone-targeted therapies.
First record of Eastern Cloud Forest Rat Nephelomys nimbosus (Rodentia: Cricetidae) for Colombia

Currently, four species of Nephelomys (N. childi, N. maculiventer, N. meridiensis and N. pectoralis) are known from Colombia. Here we present the first records of a fifth species, the rare Eastern Cloud Forest rat N. nimbosus, previously considered endemic to Ecuador and so far recorded only at five localities in the forests of the Eastern Cordillera. Four individuals of N. nimbosus were captured with Sherman traps at National Natural Park Cueva de los Guacharos in Huila Department, southern Colombia. Individuals were captured at two locations, a subandine primary forest at 2,000 m and at small cave ‘Cueva de los Guacharos’, at 1,900 m. Individuals were identified as N. nimbosus according to the following characteristics: ventral patche of self - colored white hairs in the gular region, ventral pelage ochraceous yellow with a golden tone, medium head-body size between 122 to 140 mm, incisive foramina between 4.6 and 5.1 mm with lateral margins rounded, posterolateral palatal pits small to big shallow and simple, hourglass shaped interorbital region, with supraorbital margins rounded or squared and a thin and delicate face. These new records increase the known species distribution by 760 kilometers to the north and present the first record of the species in Colombia. This first record of N. nimbosus for Colombia potentially extends the species distribution for northeastern Ecuadorian Cordillera and southern Colombian Cordillera. These results show the need to continue with the collection of specimens in poorly known species as N. nimbosus and in poorly known areas in Colombia, such as montane forests.
Effect of sodium nitroprusside on ischemia-reperfusion injuries of the rat liver.

BACKGROUND/AIMS The role of NO (nitric oxide) in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury remains controversial, therefore the effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), as NO donor on ischemia-reperfusion injuries of the rat liver was studied. METHODOLOGY Warm ischemia (68% of total liver) of the rat liver was induced for 30 min, followed by reperfusion for 60 min. A dose of 1 or 10 microg/kg/min SNP were continuously administered during the reperfusion period. We performed the following assessments: (i) hepatic microcirculation, (ii) nitrosyl-hemoglobin (Hb-NO, a product of interactions between hemoglobin and NO) levels, (iii) NO2-/NO3- (end products of NO oxidation) levels, and (iv) the serum lactate-dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. RESULTS Hepatic microcirculation at 5 and 15 min after start of SNP infusion was significantly improved, compared with that in the control group. NO2-/NO3- and Hb-NO levels in both SNP groups were gradually elevated after reperfusion. Serum LDH levels at 60 min after start of reperfusion in both SNP groups were significantly lower than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS In the early phase of the reperfusion period, SNP injected increased hepatic microcirculation and reduced hepatocyte damage, suggesting that the administration of SNP may help present ischemia-reperfusion injuries.
Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of 7-Hydroxystaurosporine and Carboplatin in Advanced Solid Tumors

Purpose: Based on preclinical data showing synergy between 7-hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01) and platinum agents, a phase I trial of carboplatin with UCN-01 administered as a 3 h infusion in patients with advanced solid tumors was done. The primary goals of this trial were to evaluate the tolerability of this combination and the pharmacokinetics of UCN-01 when administered over 3 h and to compare the tolerability and pharmacokinetics with previously described schedules. Patients and Methods: Patients with advanced solid tumors, good performance status, normal organ function, and no potentially curative therapy were eligible for the trial. Carboplatin was escalated from an area under the curve (AUC) of 3 to an AUC of 5. UCN-01 was escalated from 50 to 90 mg/m2. Results: Twenty-three patients with advanced solid tumors (20 with prior platinum treatment) received a total of 60 cycles of therapy. Full doses of both agents (carboplatin AUC 5, UCN-01 90 mg/m2 in cycle 1, 45 mg/m2 in subsequent cycles) could be administered. The major toxicity noted was hypotension, which could be abrogated with the use of saline prehydration and posthydration. No responses were seen; however, seven patients were able to receive more than two courses of therapy. Of note, two of three patients with refractory, progressive small cell lung cancer were able to receive six cycles of therapy without evidence of progression. One patient experienced resolution of paraneoplastic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. The pharmacokinetic variables Cmax and t1/2 of the 3 h infusion were essentially identical to those previously observed when UCN-01 was administered over 72 h. The average t1/2 for cycle 1 was 506 ± 301 h, and the mean Cmax for all dose levels was >30 μmol/L. The mean AUC over the dosing interval for each dose level ranged from ∼6,000 to 9,000 μmol/L h. Thus, the AUC of UCN-01 after the 3 h infusion was lower than was observed after a 72 h infusion. Conclusion: The regimen of carboplatin and UCN-01 (administered as a 3 h infusion) was well tolerated. Further development of this combination, particularly in small cell lung cancer, is warranted.
Third-Party Authentication Using Secure-Engine

In this modern era no part of the data is safe and secure. The privacy of the data is being breached every hour by the intruders. Therefore user authentication and access control is very crucial in data storage environment in cloud. Therefore, maintaining the integrity of the data has become a major issue nowadays, to safe guard the data we have introduced a unique network authentication protocol. Our system provides powerful authentication for client-server models by using double encryption. The ticket generated by secure-engine is used for true authentication in the security system. Ticket generated during the process is valid for certain amount of time which is long enough for the hacker to breach, so we introduce the concept of dynamic time stamp, which chooses a specific time window according to the usage of the client. This paper proposes to use Diffie-Hellman key encryption[11] as double encryption to strengthen the security of authentication protocol. To limit the number of sessions through which the data can be accessed, it is restricted to one session per user.
Nash Equilibrium and Decentralized Pricing for QoS Aware Service Composition in Cloud Computing Environments

QoS aware service composition necessitates an effective pricing mechanism in regulating service providers in public cloud computing environments. However, due to the fact that service providers are usually autonomous, strategic and self-motivated, it is far from trivial to deal with the pricing issues between them. In this paper we formulate a non-cooperative service pricing game to understand the performance of a QoS aware service composition model, for which multiple providers strategically bid how to provide and price their elementary services and establish the Nash equilibrium as the final service composition scheme. We also develop a proportional revenue division rule to incentivize elementary service providers to contribute in improving the QoS of the final composite service delivered to end users. Concerning privacy conservation, we develop a decentralized and recursive bidding algorithm, allowing service providers to reach an equilibrium without disclosing their private information. Through theoretical analysis, we show that a Nash equilibrium exists in a QoS aware service composition game. Through extensive simulations, we show that the proposed recursive bidding process can converge quickly to a Nash equilibrium service composition scheme, and its efficiency is generally high.
Hypoxia Is Important in the Biology and Aggression of Human Glial Brain Tumors

We investigated whether increasing levels of tissue hypoxia, measured by the binding of EF5 [2-(2-nitro-1-H-imidazol-1-yl)-N-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl) acetamide] or by Eppendorf needle electrodes, were associated with tumor aggressiveness in patients with previously untreated glial brain tumors. We hypothesized that more extensive and severe hypoxia would be present in tumor cells from patients bearing more clinically aggressive tumors. Hypoxia was measured with the 2-nitroimidazole imaging agent EF5 in 18 patients with supratentorial glial neoplasms. In 12 patients, needle electrode measurements were made intraoperatively. Time to recurrence was used as an indicator of tumor aggression and was analyzed as a function of EF5 binding, electrode values and recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) classification. On the basis of EF5 binding, WHO grade 2 tumors were characterized by modest cellular hypoxia (pO2s ≈ 10%) and grade 3 tumors by modest-to-moderate hypoxia (pO2s ≈ 10%- 2.5%). Severe hypoxia (≈0.1% oxygen) was present in 5 of 12 grade 4 tumors. A correlation between more rapid tumor recurrence and hypoxia was demonstrated with EF5 binding, but this relationship was not predicted by Eppendorf measurements.