Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Personality and Social Psychology Bulle- Tin Chen, Bargh / Consequences of Automatic Evaluation Immediate Behavioral Predispositions to Approach or Avoid the Stimulus

Research on automatic attitude activation has documented a pervasive tendency to nonconsciously classify most if not all incoming stimuli as either good or bad. Two experiments tested a functional explanation for this effect. The authors hypothesized that automatic evaluation results directly in behavioral predispositions toward the stimulus, such that positive evaluations produce immediate approach tendencies, and negative evaluations produce immediate avoidance tendencies. Par tici-pants responded to attitude object stimuli either by pushing or by pulling a lever. Consistent with the hypothesis, participants were faster to respond to negatively valenced stimuli when pushing the lever away (avoid) than when pulling it toward them (approach) but were faster to respond to positive stimuli by pulling than by pushing the lever. This pattern held even when evaluation of the stimuli was irrelevant to the participants conscious task. The automatic classification of stimuli as either good or bad appears to have direct behavioral consequences. Therelation between ones attitude and ones behavior toward the attitude object has long been a focus of social psychological research (for a review, see Eagly & Chaiken, 1993, pp. 155-218). One of the earliest and very influential definitions of attitude characterized it as a state of preparedness to respond to any and all related objects and situations (Allport, 1935, p. 810). Another popular view of attitudes also defined them as acquired tendencies to behave in certain ways toward the attitude object (Campbell, 1963). Attitude researchers, therefore , took quite seriously the growing criticisms by 1970 that the predictive relation between measured attitude and measured behavior was often weak or nonexistent In the face of such evidence, several theoretical and methodological explanations were generated to account for the apparent inconsistency (see Eagly & Chaiken, 1993; Fazio, 1986). One approach was to improve the measurement of the attitude (the behavioral side of the equation). For instance, instead of predicting single instances of behavior, some researchers collected multiple measures of broad classes of behaviors to obtain higher attitude-behavior correlations (Fishbein & Azjen, 1974). Another approach was to focus on potential modera-tors of the attitude-behavior relation to understand the conditions under which it was stronger versus weaker. Among the most prominent of the suggested modera-tors have been the strength of the attitude (e. All of these approaches to the attitude-behavior relation have assumed that the effect of the attitude is on the conscious choice of behavior in the situation. Even those models that propose …
Supplementary Material : Traction Force Microscopy in Physics and Biology

Robert W. Style, Rostislav Boltyanskiy, Guy K. German, 2 Callen Hyland, Christopher W. MacMinn, 3 Aaron F. Mertz, 4 Larry A. Wilen, Ye Xu, and Eric R. Dufresne ∗ Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA Department of Bioengineering, Binghamton University, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford 0X1 3PJ, UK Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, Box 300, New York, NY 10065, USA University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA (Dated: April 3, 2014)
Emotion in the speech of children with autism spectrum conditions: prosody and everything else

Children with Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) may experience significant difficulties to recognise and express emotions. The ASC-Inclusion project is setting up an internet-based digital gaming experience that will assist children with ASC to improve their socio-emotional communication skills, combining voice, face, and body gesture analysis, and giving corrective feedback regarding the appropriateness of the child’s expressions. The present contribution focuses on the recognition of emotion in speech and on feature analysis. For this purpose, a database of prompted phrases was collected in Hebrew, inducing nine emotions embedded in short-stories. It contains speech of children with ASC and typically developing children under the same conditions. We evaluate the emotion task over the nine categories including the binary valence/arousal discrimination. We further investigate the discrimination of each emotion against neutral. The results show performances for arousal and valance of up to 86.5% and for nine emotions including neutral of up to 42% unweighted average recall. Moreover we compare and analyse manually selected prosodic features with automatic selected features with respect to their relevance for discriminating each of the eight emotion classes.
Approximation Algorithms for Generalized Assignment Problems

We consider a class of max-profit scheduling problems that occur naturally in many different applications, all involving assignment of jobs to multiple resources under a set of constraints. In the Max-Profit Generalized Assignment Problem (Max-GAP), we are given a set J of m bins (knapsacks), and a set I of n items. Each bin j ∈ J has capacity c(j). Each item i ∈ I has in bin j size `(i, j) and profit p(i, j). The objective is to find a maximum profit feasible assignment. The problem admits a 1/2approximation algorithm. Our main result is a (1− 1/e)-approximation algorithm for Max-GAP with fixed profits when each item i has a fixed profit p(i, j) = p(i) in every bin j. A particular case of Max-GAP with fixed profits is the Multiple Knapsack with Assignment Restrictions (MKAR) problem, where each bin j ∈ J has capacity c(j) and a specified set I(j) of items that can be assigned to it, and each item i has size `(i) and profit p(i). We show that this version is APX-hard, and give a fast 1/2-approximation algorithm.
Individual Differences in Social Cognitive Processes between Neurotypical College Students High and Low in Autistic Traits

The autism spectrum may extend into the general population, as previous work has suggested that there is a normal distribution of subclinical autistic traits among neurotypical individuals. Individuals with high levels of autistic traits display interpersonal challenges that are qualitatively similar to those exhibited by individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In ASD, social challenges may be mediated by differences in social cognition. The current study investigated to what extent social cognitive differences exist between individuals with high and low levels of subclinical autistic traits. Participants were 171 undergraduate students who scored high or low on the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Differences were found between High AQ and Low AQ participants along several social cognitive and behavioral dimensions. High AQ participants reported higher levels of social anxiety and fewer daily conversations than Low AQ participants. Accuracy on a Theory of Mind task was lower in High AQ than Low AQ participants, but only when stimulus eye gaze was averted. Patterns of preferential attention to faces also varied between High AQ and Low AQ participants, contingent on configural and temporal factors. Low AQ participants exhibited a stronger attentional preference for upright faces versus cars and inverted faces at 100ms. When a competing car stimulus was presented, High AQ participants preferentially attended to faces more strongly than did Low AQ participants at 200ms and 500ms. Inverted face distractor stimuli elicited a stronger attention bias to upright faces by Low AQ than High AQ participants at 500ms. Emotion complexity did not differentially affect preferential attention to faces between the two groups. These results build on previous literature by characterizing specific patterns of social cognitive processing differences associated with subclinical autistic traits.
Disruption of Vitamin D and Calcium Signaling in Keratinocytes Predisposes to Skin Cancer

1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), the active metabolite of vitamin D, and calcium regulate epidermal differentiation. 1,25(OH)2D exerts its effects through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a transcription factor in the nuclear hormone receptor family, whereas calcium acts through the calcium sensing receptor (Casr), a membrane bound member of the G protein coupled receptor family. We have developed mouse models in which the Vdr and Casr have been deleted in the epidermis (epidVdr−∕− and epidCasr−∕−). Both genotypes show abnormalities in calcium induced epidermal differentiation in vivo and in vitro, associated with altered hedgehog (HH) and β–catenin signaling that when abnormally expressed lead to basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and trichofolliculomas, respectively. The Vdr−∕− mice are susceptible to tumor formation following UVB or chemical carcinogen exposure. More recently we found that the keratinocytes from these mice over express long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) oncogenes such as H19 and under express lncRNA tumor suppressors such as lincRNA-21. Spontaneous tumors have not been observed in either the epidVdr−∕− or epidCasr−∕−. But in mice with epidermal specific deletion of both Vdr and Casr (epidVdr−∕−/epidCasr−∕− [DKO]) tumor formation occurs spontaneously when the DKO mice are placed on a low calcium diet. These results demonstrate important interactions between vitamin D and calcium signaling through their respective receptors that lead to cancer when these signals are disrupted. The roles of the β–catenin, hedgehog, and lncRNA pathways in predisposing the epidermis to tumor formation when vitamin D and calcium signaling are disrupted will be discussed.
Neuroinflammation and Copper in Alzheimer's Disease

Inflammation is the innate immune response to infection or tissue damage. Initiation of proinflammatory cascades in the central nervous system (CNS) occurs through recognition of danger associated molecular patterns by cognate immune receptors expressed on inflammatory cells and leads to rapid responses to remove the danger stimulus. The presence of activated microglia and astrocytes in the vicinity of amyloid plaques in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and mouse models implicates inflammation as a contributor to AD pathogenesis. Activated microglia play a critical role in amyloid clearance, but chronic deregulation of CNS inflammatory pathways results in secretion of neurotoxic mediators that ultimately contribute to neurodegeneration in AD. Copper (Cu) homeostasis is profoundly affected in AD, and accumulated extracellular Cu drives Aβ aggregation, while intracellular Cu deficiency limits bioavailable Cu required for CNS functions. This review presents an overview of inflammatory events that occur in AD in response to Aβ and highlights recent advances on the role of Cu in modulation of beneficial and detrimental inflammatory responses in AD.
Using Object Role Modelling to Design Relational Databases

Most database design courses teach database design using the Entity-Relationship (E-R) approach. Indeed, most of the available database design textbooks are based on E-R modelling. This article describes an alternative methodology, Object Role Modelling (ORM), and argues that it may be more accessible for novice database designers. The basis of the technique is as follows. The first stage involves the identification of entities in the application domain. Entities are defined as a thing in the real world which has an independent existence[Elmasri and Navathe 94]. Once the entities have been identified, the next stage is to identify relationships between them. For instance, if Warehouse and Part are recognised as entities in the application domain then there will probably be a relationship 'is stored in' between them. Relationships are classified in terms of their cardinality (one to one, many to many etc.) and the participation of the entities in the relationship (optional or mandatory). Once the entities and relationships have been identified then attributes may be assigned to them. Attributes are properties that describe entities and are equivalent to fields in a record. For each entity a single attribute or a collection of attributes is designated as the key of the entity. The final stage of the technique is mapping the entities and relationships to tabular structures. This is achieved by following a set of predefined steps, the complexity of the steps depending on the semantic richness of the variety of E-R modelling in use. Introduction
Superimposed training based doubly selective channel estimation for OFDM modulated amplify-and-forward relay networks

This paper is concerned with the problem of superimposed training based channel estimation for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulated amplify-and-forward (AF) relay networks in doubly selective environment. A `subblockwise' linear assumption based channel model is proposed to represent the mobile-to-mobile doubly selective channels. We then propose novel strategy that allows the destination node to separately obtain the channel information of the source to relay link and the relay to destination link, from which the optimal ST signals are derived by minimizing the channel mean-square-error. Extensive numerical results are provided to corroborate the proposed studies.
DEBS Grand Challenge: Continuous Analytics on Geospatial Data Streams with WSO2 Complex Event Processor

DEBS Grand Challenge is a yearly, real-life data based event processing challenge posted by Distributed Event Based Systems conference. The 2015 challenge uses a taxi trip data set from New York city that includes 173 million events collected over the year 2013. This paper presents how we used WSO2 CEP, an open source, commercially available Complex Event Processing Engine, to solve the problem. With a 8-core commodity physical machine, our solution did about 350,000 events/second throughput with mean latency less than one millisecond for both queries. With a VirtualBox VM, our solution did about 50,000 events/second through-put with mean latency of 1 and 6 milliseconds for the ﬁrst and second queries respectively. The paper will outline the solution, present results, and discuss how we optimized the solution for maximum performance.
A dynamic approach for the vehicle routing problem with stochastic demands

The Vehicle Routing Problem with Stochastic Demands (VRPSD) is a variation of the classical Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) in which the demand of each customer is modeled as a random variable and its realization is only known upon vehicle arrival to the customer site. Under this uncertain scenario, a possible outcome is that the demand of a customer ends up exceeding the remaining capacity of the vehicle, leading to a route failure. In this study we will focus on the single vehicle VRPSD in which the fleet is limited to one vehicle with finite capacity, that can execute various routes sequentially. Traditional approaches for this problem involve a two-phase procedure [1, 3]. In the first phase, the problem is solved a-priori with the goal of finding a set of robust routes ; while in the second phase routes failures are handled by means of recourse actions, such as forcing the vehicle to go back to the depot and restore its capacity, to then visit the client again and serve the remaining demand. Recently, new approaches were developped based on the dynamic re-optimization of the vehicle routes [6, 7, 5]. In this context the routing is no longer done a-priori but instead performed (and re-optimized) throughout the day : as soon as the vehicle becomes idle, a decision has to be taken regarding the next customer visit. The algorithms proposed by the aforementioned authors offer greater flexibility in comparison with two-stage approaches, allowing significant cost reductions. However, they assume discrete uniform demand distributions and have to be run every time a decision has to be taken, which can be time consuming for large instances. The present work is based on an adaptation of an optimization framework developed initially for the vehicle routing problem with dynamic customers (i.e., customers appear while the vehicles are executing their routes).
A Framework to Evaluate Interface Suitability for a Given Scenario of Textual Information Retrieval

Visualization of search results is an essential step in the textual Information Retrieval (IR) process. Indeed, Information Retrieval Interfaces (IRIs) are used as a link between users and IR systems, a simple example being the ranked list proposed by common search engines. Due to the importance that takes visualization of search results, many interfaces have been proposed in the last decade (which can be textual, 2D or 3D IRIs). Two kinds of evaluation methods have been developed: (1) various evaluation methods of these interfaces were proposed aiming at validating ergonomic and cognitive aspects; (2) various evaluation methods were applied on information retrieval systems (IRS) aiming at measuring their effectiveness. However, as far as we know, these two kinds of evaluation methods are disjoint. Indeed, considering a given IRI associated to a given IRS, what happens if we associate this IRI to another IRS not having the same effectiveness. In this context, we propose an IRI evaluation framework aimed at evaluating the suitability of any IRI to different IR scenarios. First of all, we define the notion of IR scenario as a combination of features related to users, IR tasks and IR systems. We have implemented the framework through a specific evaluation platform that enables performing IRI evaluations and that helps end-users (e.g. IRS developers or IRI designers) in choosing the most suitable IRI for a specific IR scenario.
Heart Rate Variability Reflects Self-Regulatory Strength, Effort, and Fatigue

Experimental research reliably demonstrates that self-regulatory deficits are a consequence of prior self-regulatory effort. However, in naturalistic settings, although people know that they are sometimes vulnerable to saying, eating, or doing the wrong thing, they cannot accurately gauge their capacity to self-regulate at any given time. Because self-regulation and autonomic regulation colocalize in the brain, an autonomic measure, heart rate variability (HRV), could provide an index of self-regulatory strength and activity. During an experimental manipulation of self-regulation (eating carrots or cookies), HRV was elevated during high self-regulatory effort (eat carrots, resist cookies) compared with low self-regulatory effort (eat cookies, resist carrots). The experimental manipulation and higher HRV at baseline independently predicted persistence at a subsequent anagram task. HRV appears to index self-regulatory strength and effort, making it possible to study these phenomena in the field as well as the lab.
A context-aware preference database system

A photoelectric converter element is constituted by an electrical charge storage capacitor and a photodiode connected in parallel with the capacitor. A plurality of the photoelectric converter elements are aligned or arranged in a line, each of the photoelectric converter elements has one end thereof connected in series with a switch, a plurality of the photoelectric converter elements have the other ends thereof commonly connected with a line, and the common line is connected with a series circuit including a resistor and a d-c power source. When the switch is turned off, an electric charge stored in the storage capacitor is discharged correspondingly to amount of light received by the photodiode. On the contrary, when the switch is selectively turned on, the storage capacitor is charged with an electric charge corresponding to amount of discharge. Electric signals representing the amount of charge is then supplied to the common line.
Prognostic value of preoperative intratumoral FDG uptake heterogeneity in early stage uterine cervical cancer

Objective We investigated the prognostic value of intratumoral [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake heterogeneity (IFH) derived from positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with cervical cancer. Methods Patients with uterine cervical cancer of the International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) stage IB to IIA were imaged with [18F]FDG PET/CT before radical surgery. PET/CT parameters such as maximum and average standardized uptake values (SUVmax and SUVavg), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and IFH were assessed. Regression analyses were used to identify clinicopathological and imaging variables associated with progression-free survival (PFS). Results We retrospectively reviewed clinical data of 85 eligible patients. Median PFS was 32 months (range, 6 to 83 months), with recurrence observed in 14 patients (16.5%). IFH at an SUV of 2.0 was correlated with primary tumor size (p<0.001), SUVtumor (p<0.001), MTVtumor (p<0.001), TLGtumor (p<0.001), depth of cervical invasion (p<0.001), and negatively correlated with age (p=0.036). Tumor recurrence was significantly associated with TLGtumor (p<0.001), MTVtumor (p=0.001), SUVLN (p=0.004), IFH (p=0.005), SUVtumor (p=0.015), and FIGO stage (p=0.015). Multivariate analysis identified that IFH (p=0.028; hazard ratio, 756.997; 95% CI, 2.047 to 279,923.191) was the only independent risk factor for recurrence. The Kaplan-Meier survival graphs showed that PFS significantly differed in groups categorized based on IFH (p=0.013, log-rank test). Conclusion Preoperative IFH was significantly associated with cervical cancer recurrence. [18F]FDG based heterogeneity may be a useful and potential predicator of patient recurrence before treatment.
Large deviations and stochastic volatility with jumps: asymptotic implied volatility for affine models

Let denote the implied volatility at maturity t for a strike , where and is the current value of the underlying. We show that has a uniform (in x) limit as maturity t tends to infinity, given by the formula , for x in some compact neighbourhood of zero in the class of affine stochastic volatility models. Function is the convex dual of the limiting cumulant-generating function h of the scaled log-spot process. We express h in terms of the functional characteristics of the underlying model. The proof of the limiting formula rests on the large deviation behaviour of the scaled log-spot process as time tends to infinity. We apply our results to obtain the limiting smile for several classes of stochastic volatility models with jumps used in applications (e.g. Heston with state-independent jumps, Bates with state-dependent jumps and Barndorff-Nielsen–Shephard model).
On the characterization of the regions of feasible trajectories in the workspace of parallel manipulators

It was shown recently that parallel manipulators with several inverse kinematic solutions have the ability to avoid parallel singularities [Chablat 1998a] and self-collisions [Chablat 1998b] by choosing appropriate joint configurations for the legs. In effect, depending on the joint configurations of the legs, a given configuration of the end-effector may or may not be free of singularity and collision. Characterization of the collision/singularity-free workspace is useful but may be insufficient since two configurations can be accessible without collisions nor singularities but it may not exist a feasible trajectory between them. The goal of this paper is to define the maximal regions of the workspace where it is possible to execute trajectories. Twodifferent families of regions are defined : 1. those regions where the end-effector can move between any set of points, and 2. the regions where any continuous path can be tracked. These regions are characterized from the notion of aspects and free-aspects recently defined for parallel manipulators [Chablat 1998b]. The construction of these regions is achieved by enrichment techniques and using an extension of the octree structures to spaces of dimension greater than three. Illustrative examples show the interest of this study to the optimization of trajectories and the design of parallel manipulators.