Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Over-educated, over-exuberant and over here? The impact of students on cities

Although it may seem that higher education is in an almost constant state of expansion in the UK, the 1990s saw an increase in student numbers that dwarfed earlier ones. In 1987, the then Secretary of State for Education Kenneth Baker set a target of 35% of all 18to 19-year-olds to be experiencing higher education by the mid-1990s (Department of Education and Science, 1987). Over the decade, there was a near doubling in full time equivalent student numbers in England: from around 690 000 at the start of the decade to over 1.2 million at its end (Department of Education and Science, 1993; HESA, 2002). Thus an extra 510 000 students were introduced into the system. This was seen as being driven from the supply side: it was in the interests of universities to recruit more students since their funding is tied to student numbers. The majority of these students will have required accommodation close to their places of study. This may be considered to have had a major impact on such areas over a short timescale; an impact that is often presented negatively. This article will suggest how cities have come to absorb the increase in student populations in certain very tightly-defined areas; investigate the reasons for the ‘clustering’ of students in such areas of cities; and consider the impacts on the ‘indigenous population’ of these areas; and the implications for the general vitality of the cities where they are found.
A "4R" Environmental Model for Andaman and Nicobar

Because the ecosystems of mid-ocean archipelagos are relatively simple, it is easy to see improvements caused by favorable environmental practices. Working on a financial shoestring, the management of the Welcomgroup Bay Island hotel, at Port Blair on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, established an environmental-improvement program based on four "Rs": reduce, reuse, recycle, and rethink. For example, the resort dealt in turn with a shortage of potable water by altering its system to use seawater; soil erosion by mulching the ground with coconut husks; disposal of cooking oil by converting it into soap; and paper waste by shredding it and turning it into horticultural mulch. The resort also engaged its guests in an educational effort regarding the islands' fragile ecosystem. Beyond that, the hotel's management encouraged other operators on Andaman and Nicobar to follow ecologically sound policies. Among other outcomes, the Welcomgroup chain adopted the Port Blair property's environmental policies system-wide.
Change management for sub-Saharan Africa's rural tourism development

Managing transition from traditional livelihood activities to rural tourism in a local community is a sensitive process. The purpose of this paper is to point out and address risks and contingencies associated with rural tourism development in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), as a change process. This study conducted descriptive analysis of change management for SSA's rural tourism development. It is exploratory in nature and by no means conclusive. The occasional review of internal strengths and weaknesses combined with external threats and opportunities with regard to rural tourism development can act as a creative spur for action. This will enable a rural community to highlight their skills and capabilities, their sources of leverage and knowledge necessary to embark on a change process as regards tourism development. Stakeholders, with local people at the core can collaborate and manage this development proactively and retain revenue generated from tourism within rural communities. An effective vision for rural tourism development should have a reference to an idealistic future but be based in the present, with a value proposition to differentiate the particular products and services the local community is offering. Measuring the impacts of the change process should be done in both informal and formal manner.
The Breastfeeding Controversy and Facebook: Politicization of Image, Privacy and Protest

Facebook’s decision to invoke its obscenity clause to bar users from posting pictures of breastfeeding ignited a controversy. Members protested against the ban both offline and online. The controversy raised various issues between our lived offline experiences and the rules of engagement in social networking sites. Image economies on the Internet present new problems and challenges. Although they are crucial in the construction of profiles and identities in social networking sites and may therefore function as a referent of social values and norms, there may be disparities in the ways they are gazed at and interpreted as published content online. This paper examines the salient issues which emerged in the breastfeeding controversy with relevance to the image economy in social networking sites. In particular, it discusses the politicisation of the image, users’ notions and construction of public and private spaces in social networking sites
Deregulation of the German Industrial Relations System via Foreign Direct Investment: Are the Subsidiaries of Anglo-Saxon MNCs a Threat for the Institutions of Industrial Democracy in Germany?

This article asks whether the subsidiaries of American and British MNCs operating in Germany act as forces that endanger the traditional German system of industrial democracy by `importing' typical Anglo-Saxon style industrial relations practices into their host nation. In a mail survey based on responses from 297 foreign-owned and local German firms, little evidence was found that Anglo-Saxon-owned subsidiaries act as a threat to the central pillars of Germany's IR system, i.e. codetermination and collective bargaining. This finding contradicts a widely held belief of the erosion of the German IR system and suggests that this system is still strong: foreign companies adapt to local standards so as to retain legitimacy within their host nation's environment.
Lyt-2- T cell-independent functions of Lyt-2+ cells stimulated with antigen or concanavalin A.

Approximately 30% of cytolytic Lyt-2+ clones from primed mice are able to proliferate autonomously, i.e., independent of IL 2 derived from Lyt-2- cells after antigenic stimulation. H-2K- or -D-restricted induction of Lyt-2+ cells to autonomous proliferation requires Ia+ stimulator cells. A strict correlation was observed between the ability of Lyt-2+ clones to proliferative autonomously and to induce DH. Eventually, the growth of all Lyt-2+ cytolytic clones becomes dependent on exogenous IL 2, and their ability to induce DH is lost. Small Lyt-2+ cells can also be induced in primary cultures by antigen or concanavalin A to proliferate in the absence of exogenous IL 2. The frequency of autonomously proliferating small Lyt-2+ cells is the same as that of small Lyt-2+ cells proliferating in the presence of exogenous IL 2. IL 2 derived from Lyt-2- cells can augment proliferation of Lyt-2+ cells, but is not obligatory.
Predicting Entrepreneurship from Ideation and Divergent Thinking

In order to find out why certain entrepreneurs are successful we administered two measures of ideational skill to 47 successful entrepreneurs. The first asked about the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) to their own businesses; it assessed the participants' ideational productivity (i.e. fluency) and originality. The second measure was a self-report of ideational tendencies in the natural environment. Statistical analyses indicated that the more successful entrepreneurs did indeed have particular ideational tendencies. This was especially apparent in the self-report measure of ideation. The two groups did not differ in terms of secondary criterion questions (e.g. profitable years within the last five, number of employees), nor in their SWOT scores. This last finding with the SWOT was unexpected but easy to understand, given the paper-and-pencil format of the test. The significant difference that were uncovered suggest that ideation is an important talent for entrepreneurs. Predictions about entrepreneurial success may, for example, be improved if an individual's ideational skills are assessed. Furthermore, it would be reasonable to encourage and support entrepreneurial potentials via programmes that target ideation.
The Greenhouse Gas Inventory of Louisiana State University: A Case Study of the Energy Requirements of Public Higher Education in the United States

Higher education institutions play a leading role in sustainability efforts nationwide. Not only do these institutions require large quantities of energy to function but also their research role often lays the groundwork for social transformation. The purpose of this study was to estimate the annual greenhouse gas emissions primarily from energy usage at Louisiana State University. Total energy use is 2.43 million MMBtu resulting in per capita GHG emissions of 6.1 Metric Tons CO2e, which is low compared to many other universities because of lower utility costs. This calculation does not account for total indirect energy use by the university community. Several alternatives for reducing energy use and emissions are considered.
28.1 A programmable 0.7-to-2.7GHz direct ΔΣ receiver in 40nm CMOS

The software-defined radio paradigm calls for increasingly digital-intensive programmable receivers, ideally placing the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) right at the antenna. Such an RF ADC should be tunable over several GHz, have programmable gain, low noise, be blocker-tolerant, and consume minimal power. As an attempt to satisfy these requirements, delta-sigma (ΔΣ) modulation close to the antenna interface has been proposed in both bandpass [1], [2] and downconverting [3], [4] configurations. The latter technique enables simpler GHz-range wideband (WB) operation with low power consumption, but such receivers navigate a tradeoff between sensitivity and blocker toleration. The narrowband (NB) direct ΔΣ structure introduced in [3] combined RF N-path filtering, upconverted ΔΣ RF feedback, and a second RF gain stage to obtain acceptable noise and linearity simultaneously. In this paper we present a WB direct ΔΣ receiver, designed for programmable, inductorless operation in the long-term evolution (LTE) frequency division duplexing bands from 0.7 to 2.7 GHz. The 40 nm CMOS circuit uses a supply of 1.1 V and provides RF channel bandwidths up to 20 MHz, 37 dB maximum gain, NF of 5.9 to 8.8 dB, and -2 dBm IIP3. A design strategy that emphasizes ΔΣ coefficient programmability ensures good performance throughout the frequency range.
Antifungal stewardship in invasive Candida infections.

Bloodstream and other invasive infections due to Candida species (invasive fungal diseases = IFD) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized adults and children in many countries worldwide. The high infection-related morbidity and mortality associated with invasive Candida infection/candidaemia (IC/C), combined with suboptimal diagnostic tools, have driven the overuse of antifungal drugs. Antifungal stewardship (AFS) may be regarded as subentity of the more general term Anti-infective or Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (AIS/AMS). The high costs and high contribution of antifungal agents to the management of IFDs along with their recognized toxicities have been addressed as the principal justification for antifungal stewardship. AFS programmes should be organized by an interdisciplinary team of clinicians, pharmacists, microbiologists and infection control experts with the lead of an infectious disease specialist preferably in each large hospital/institution dealing with high-risk patients for invasive fungal infections. These programmes should consider various aspects of IC/C including (i) the local fungal epidemiology, (ii) information on antifungal resistance rates, (iii) establishing and application of therapeutic guidelines, (iv) implementation of treatment strategies for empirical, pre-emptive therapy including PK/PD data for antifungal drugs, de-escalation and 'switch and step-down strategies' (from intravenous to oral medication) in defined patient populations, (v) catheter management together with the application of routine diagnostic procedures such as ophthalmological and cardiac evaluations and (vi) the best available diagnostic tests for diagnosing IC and candidaemia.
Beauty in the eyes of the beholders: colour vision is tuned to mate preference in the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata)

A broad range of animals use visual signals to assess potential mates, and the theory of sensory exploitation suggests variation in visual systems drives mate preference variation due to sensory bias. Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata), a classic system for studies of the evolution of female mate choice, provide a unique opportunity to test this theory by looking for covariation in visual tuning, light environment and mate preferences. Female preference co‐evolves with male coloration, such that guppy females from ‘low‐predation’ environments have stronger preferences for males with more orange/red coloration than do females from ‘high‐predation’ environments. Here, we show that colour vision also varies across populations, with ‘low’‐predation guppies investing more of their colour vision to detect red/orange coloration. In independently colonized watersheds, guppies expressed higher levels of both LWS‐1 and LWS‐3 (the most abundant LWS opsins) in ‘low‐predation’ populations than ‘high‐predation’ populations at a time that corresponds to differences in cone cell abundance. We also observed that the frequency of a coding polymorphism differed between high‐ and low‐predation populations. Together, this shows that the variation underlying preference could be explained by simple changes in expression and coding of opsins, providing important candidate genes to investigate the genetic basis of female preference variation in this model system.
Using relative movement to support ANN-based stock forecasting in Thai stock market

Over the years, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have become a popular and seemingly accurate model to forecast stock prices. This paper proposes data preprocessing using relative movement to improve performance of ANN-based stock forecasting. Both fundamental and technical indicators are chosen as inputs to the system. The evaluation metrics include hit ratio and total return. The k-fold cross validation is utilised on a dataset of stocks in the banking sector in the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET). The experiments show that the proposed model outperforms a traditional model, a random walk model, and a buy & hold strategy for both hit ratio and total return.
Seasonal variation in body mass and locomotor kinetics of the fat‐tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius)

The fat‐tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius) is unusual among primates in storing large amounts of fat subcutaneously prior to hibernating during the winter months. In doing so, it increases its body mass by more than 50%, with a substantial weight gain in the tail. This seasonal increase in mass provides a unique natural experiment to examine how changes in body mass affect substrate reaction forces during locomotion. As body mass increases, it is expected that the limbs of the fat‐tailed dwarf lemur will be subjected to greater peak vertical substrate reaction forces during quadrupedal walking. However, whether or not these peak substrate reaction forces will increase proportionally across forelimbs and hindlimbs as body mass increases is unknown. Substrate reaction forces were collected on four adult C. medius walking quadrupedally on a 28‐mm pole attached to a force platform. Peak vertical substrate reaction forces (Vpk) (N) were analyzed and compared for a cross‐sectional sample of different body masses (180–300 g). Forelimb and hindlimb Vpk were positively correlated with body mass, with hindlimb Vpk always higher than forelimb Vpk. However, the rate at which Vpk increased relative to body mass was higher for the hindlimb than the forelimb. This disproportion in weight distribution between the forelimbs and hindlimbs as body mass increases appears to be linked to the accumulation of fat in the tail. It is likely that storing fat in the tail region may shift the center of mass more caudally, from a more cranial position when the tail is thinner. Such a caudal shift of the center of mass—either morphological or dynamic—is believed to have played an important role in the functional differentiation of the limbs and the evolution of locomotor modes of several tetrapod groups, including dinosaurs and primates. J. Morphol. 260:65–71, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Survey of Face Recognition from Sketches

Face recognition has become one of the important application in today’s life. It is basically used for digital entertainment, security and law enforcement. Face recognition can be for entire or partial face, the complete face considered for the entire face detection and specific features considered for the partial face detection. In most of the criminal cases, the investigation depends upon the sketches drawn according to the description provided by the eyewitnesses. The automatic retrieval of the photos matching to that description from the police mug-shot database can help reduce the number of suspects potentially. Basically, this process relies upon the recollection of the face by an eye-witness and accuracy of the sketch artist in catching those details. So, a stronger algorithm for even partial face recognition can be useful.
Housing Assets and Consumer Spending: A Regional Analysis

CARRUTH A. And HENLEY A. (1993) Housing assets and consumer spending: a regional analysis, Reg. Studies 27, 611–621. This paper is concerned with the relationship between the housing market and consumer spending for the eleven standard regions of the UK. Pooled regional cross-sectional and annual time-series data are used to appraise the effect of housing assets on regional consumer spending in the 1980s. A fixed effects estimator imposing common slope coefficients across the regions is employed, and this assumption is tested using the SURE estimator. Estimates of a DHSY specification of the consumption function and a model augmented with housing assets are compared. The fixed effects models perform quite well indicating that the growth in regional housing equity has had a positive impact on regional consumer spending. The SURE results indicate that the assumption of common regional responses of consumer spending to the explanatory variables is not valid, and that the housing wealth effect is strongest in.
Growth as a monitor of nutritional status

1. Methods of monitoring growth of individuals in a population, and average growth in height and other measurements of populations or subpopulations must be distinguished. 2. Individual monitoring of nutritional status should be by growth velocity charts, for height, chiefly, and weight, if interpreted correctly. Growth velocity may be reduced by psychological stress; it monitors a total micro-ecological situation, not just a nutritional one. 3. Population monitoring requires defined and repeated samples. The secular trend and the differences in height for age and in age at menarche related to occupational class and number of siblings reflect nutritional differences, but only as part of the same micro-ecology. Height for age and weight-for-height-irrespective-of-age have been recommended as monitors, especially for populations in developing countries. The latter poses methodological problems and is probably only legitimate between the ages of 1-0 and 9-9 years.
Efficacy of brief couples support groups developed to manage the stress of in vitro fertilization treatment.

OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of brief couples support groups offered concurrently with in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Couples in IVF treatment were given the option of participating in a biweekly support group at the IVF clinic at Wilford Hall Medical Center, San Antonio, Tex. At least 1 member of 26 couples participated in the brief couples support groups, and at least 1 member of 19 other couples completed the questionnaires but did not attend the support group sessions and so comprised the control group. Facilitators used cognitive behavioral techniques to help participants process their feelings and cognitions about their infertility. Emotional and cognitive factors were assessed both before and after group attendance by using the Beck Depression Inventory; the Beck Anxiety Inventory; the Life Orientation Test, which assesses optimism and pessimism; the Survey of Personal Views, which measures irrational beliefs; and the Social Provisions Scale, which measures social support. RESULTS Women who attended group sessions were significantly less anxious after the IVF treatment than they were before the cycle (P < .001). Men who attended the group sessions were more optimistic than nongroup men or the women at the completion of the IVF cycle (P < .001) but endorsed greater numbers of irrational beliefs (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Despite the fact that the service was relatively inexpensive compared with IVF in the civilian community, the complexity of IVF treatment and the logistic and psychological stress experienced by couples made it hard to form and maintain such groups. Nevertheless, both men and women derived psychological benefit from the group: women reported less anxiety and men greater optimism on completion of the group sessions.
Arsenate and Chromate Retention Mechanisms on Goethite. 2. Kinetic Evaluation Using a Pressure-Jump Relaxation Technique

The kinetics of arsenate and chromate adsorption/desorption on goethite (α-FeOOH) were investigated using a pressure-jump (p-jump) relaxation technique. Information provided by this technique was used to elucidate the fate of arsenate and chromate in natural environments. Chemical relaxations resulting from rapidly induced pressure changes were monitored via conductivity detection. The adsorption/desorption of these oxyanions on goethite involved a double relaxation event. The proposed mechanism for the adsorption of arsenate and chromate on goethite is a two-step process resulting in the formation of an inner-sphere bidentate surface complex. The first step, associated with the fast τ values, involved an initial ligand exchange reaction of aqueous oxyanion species H2AsO4- or HCrO4- with OH ligands at the goethite surface forming an inner-sphere monodentate surface complex. The subsequent step, associated with the slow τ values, involved a second ligand exchange reaction, resulting in the formation of an .
A logistics and supply chain management approach to port performance measurement

Although there is widespread recognition of the potential of ports as logistics centres, widely accepted performance measurements for such centres have yet to be developed. The essence of logistics and supply chain management is an integrative approach to the interaction of different processes and functions within a firm extended to a network of organizations for the purpose of cost reduction and customer satisfaction [1]. The logistics approach often adopts a cost trade-off analysis between functions, processes and even supply chains [2]. This approach could be beneficial to port efficiency by directing port strategy towards relevant value-added logistics activities. This paper seeks to show that through conceptualizing ports from a logistics and supply chain management approach, it is possible to suggest a relevant framework of port performance. A proposed framework is tested in a survey of port managers and other international experts.