Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributed Fault Detection Method and Diagnosis of Fault Type in Clustered Wireless Sensor Networks

Due to the resource restrictions in sensor nodes of wireless sensor networks and because of their deployment in harsh and inaccessible environments, sensor nodes may be prone to failure. Thus, fault management is essential in these networks. Otherwise, faulty nodes will be used as intermediate nodes and will cause disturbance in the routing process and expected operations. In most fault detection algorithms, each sensor compares its information with the information of its neighbors. The status of sensors is determined using the results of this comparison. Many comparison-based methods will not work correctly if more than half of the neighbors are faulty and cannot detect common mode failures. In this paper, we have proposed a new fault detection method to solve the above-mentioned problems. In the proposed method four cases happen where each case is discussed and a query message was used to reduce the incorrect decisions. The results of simulations show that the detection accuracy and false alarm rate in the proposed method even when the probability of faulty nodes is high, is acceptable in comparison with existing algorithms. (Shahram Babaie, Ahmad Khadem-zadeh and Kambiz Badie. Distributed Fault Detection Method and Diagnosis of Fault Type in Clustered Wireless Sensor Networks. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3410-3422). (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 506
Fuzzy-Based Evolutionary Robot Vision for People Tracking

Abstract This paper deals with evolutionary robot vision based on a genetic algorithm and fuzzy evaluation in order to realize people tracking. Active robot vision is an important research topic, and we must improve the performance of the visual perception. First, we discuss the concept of evolutionary robot vision in dynamic environments. Next, we apply growing neural gas for preprocessing as a bottom-up processing, and a local genetic algorithm based on clustering for template matching in human face recognition as a top-down processing. Furthermore, in order to improve the performance of the human face detection, we use fuzzy evaluation for evaluating the degree of human face. Finally, we show several experimental results of the proposed method and discuss the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Functional Differences between Mitochondrial Haplogroup T and Haplogroup H in HEK293 Cybrid Cells

Background Epidemiological case-control studies have revealed associations between mitochondrial haplogroups and the onset and/or progression of various multifactorial diseases. For instance, mitochondrial haplogroup T was previously shown to be associated with vascular diseases, including coronary artery disease and diabetic retinopathy. In contrast, haplogroup H, the most frequent haplogroup in Europe, is often found to be more prevalent in healthy control subjects than in patient study groups. However, justifications for the assumption that haplogroups are functionally distinct are rare. Therefore, we attempted to compare differences in mitochondrial function between haplogroup H and T cybrids. Methodology/Principal Findings Mitochondrial haplogroup H and T cybrids were generated by fusion of HEK293 cells devoid of mitochondrial DNA with isolated thrombocytes of individuals with the respective haplogroups. These cybrid cells were analyzed for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) enzyme activities, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, growth rate and susceptibility to reactive oxygen species (ROS). We observed that haplogroup T cybrids have higher survival rate when challenged with hydrogen peroxide, indicating a higher capability to cope with oxidative stress. Conclusions/Significance The results of this study show that functional differences exist between HEK293 cybrid cells which differ in mitochondrial genomic background.
The Design and Implementation of Urban Rail Transit Optimal Transfer System Based on Improved Ant Colony Algorithm

In this paper, the improved ant colony optimization algorithm is applied to solution of urban rail transit multi-mode optimal transfer. With illustration of Shanghai rail transit system, the urban rail transit multi-mode optimal transfer system is designed and developed in the visual studio environment, the main purpose of the system is to optimize transfer mode, convenient for passengers, thus effectively promote the dynamic traffic distribution, maximize traffic network transport stream.
Effects of urban land expansion on the regional meteorology and air quality of eastern China

Abstract. Rapid urbanization throughout eastern China is imposing an irreversible effect on local climate and air quality. In this paper, we examine the response of a range of meteorological and air quality indicators to urbanization. Our study uses the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF/Chem) to simulate the climate and air quality impacts of four hypothetical urbanization scenarios with fixed surface pollutant emissions during the month of July from 2008 to 2012. An improved integrated process rate (IPR) analysis scheme is implemented in WRF/Chem to investigate the mechanisms behind the forcing–response relationship at the process level. For all years, as urban land area expands, concentrations of CO, elemental carbon (EC), and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) tend to decrease near the surface (below ~ 500 m), but increase at higher altitudes (1–3 km), resulting in a reduced vertical concentration gradient. On the other hand, the O3 burden, averaged over all newly urbanized grid cells, consistently increases from the surface to a height of about 4 km. Sensitivity tests show that the responses of pollutant concentrations to the spatial extent of urbanization are nearly linear near the surface, but nonlinear at higher altitudes. Over eastern China, each 10 % increase in nearby urban land coverage on average leads to a decrease of approximately 2 % in surface concentrations for CO, EC, and PM2.5, while for O3 an increase of about 1 % is simulated. At 800 hPa, pollutants' concentrations tend to increase even more rapidly with an increase in nearby urban land coverage. This indicates that as large tracts of new urban land emerge, the influence of urban expansion on meteorology and air pollution would be significantly amplified. IPR analysis reveals the contribution of individual atmospheric processes to pollutants' concentration changes. It indicates that, for primary pollutants, the enhanced sink (source) caused by turbulent mixing and vertical advection in the lower (upper) atmosphere could be a key factor in changes to simulated vertical profiles. The evolution of secondary pollutants is further influenced by the upward relocation of precursors that impact gas-phase chemistry for O3 and aerosol processes for PM2.5. Our study indicates that dense urbanization has a moderate dilution effect on surface primary airborne contaminants, but may intensify severe haze and ozone pollution if local emissions are not well controlled.
Determinants of Employment in India’s National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme

Using household level data this paper provides systematic evidence on the employment impact of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme in three Indian states: Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra. We model this as a two stage Heckman procedure where we model selection for NREGS in the first phase and the determinants of hours worked in the second. A number of significant insights into the employment impact of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme are obtained.
Effects of scale-dependent non-Gaussianity on cosmological structures

The detection of primordial non-Gaussianity could provide a powerful means to test various inflationary scenarios. Although scale-invariant non-Gaussianity (often described by the fNL formalism) is currently best constrained by the CMB, single-field models with changing sound speed can have strongly scale-dependent non-Gaussianity. Such models could evade the CMB constraints but still have important effects at scales responsible for the formation of cosmological objects such as clusters and galaxies. We compute the effect of scale-dependent primordial non-Gaussianity on cluster number counts as a function of redshift, using a simple ansatz to model scale-dependent features. We forecast constraints on these models achievable with forthcoming datasets. We also examine consequences for the galaxy bispectrum. Our results are relevant for the Dirac–Born–Infeld model of brane inflation, where the scale dependence of the non-Gaussianity is directly related to the geometry of the extra dimensions.
New Heuristic Algorithms for Solving Single-Vehicle and Multi-Vehicle Generalized Traveling Salesman Problems (GTSP)

Among numerous NP-hard problems, the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) has been one of the most explored, yet unknown one. Even a minor modification changes the problem’s status, calling for a different solution. The Generalized Traveling Salesman Problem (GTSP) expands the TSP to a much more complicated form, replacing single nodes with a group or cluster of nodes, where the objective is to find a minimum-length tour containing exactly one node from each cluster. In this paper, a new heuristic method is presented for solving singlevehicle single-depot GTSP with the ability of controlling the search strategy from conservative to greedy and vice versa. A variant algorithm is then developed to accommodate the multi-vehicle single-depot condition, which is modified afterwards to accommodate the multi-vehicle multi-depot GTSP.
THE CORRELATION-NEUTRAL MEASURE FOR PORTFOLIO CREDIT

A process is provided for preparing cis-(+)-hydroxy-5-[2-(dimethylamine)ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one that is a useful intermediate in the preparation of diltiazem. It has been found that the requisite N-alkylation reaction proceeds rapidly and with an excellent yield when the solvent is a mixture of toluene and N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one and the base is finely-divided sodium carbonate under anhydrous conditions. Such diltiazem commonly is used in the treatment of angina pectoris.
Money, Markets, Meltdown: The 21st-Century Crisis of Labour

Analyses of the global crisis that erupted in 2007 in bank failures, liquidity shortages and business bankruptcies have obscured the connections between the real and monetary economies. Money market fetishism dominates. In the past, theories of economic crisis assigned a key causal role to labour's growing strength. In Britain, the focus of debate was trades unions' allegedly unregulated power at workplace level, but labour's presence and influence in state, business and workplace institutions has since receded. This article attempts to re-insert labour into the contemporary analysis of the crisis and highlights the shifting relations between states, capital and labour in the age of austerity.
Bumetanide Inhibition of the Blood-Brain Barrier Na-K-Cl Cotransporter Reduces Edema Formation in the Rat Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Stroke

Increased transport of Na+ across an intact blood-brain barrier (BBB) participates in edema formation during the early hours of cerebral ischemia. In previous studies, the authors showed that the BBB Na-K-Cl cotransporter is stimulated by factors present during ischemia, suggesting that the cotransporter may contribute to the increased brain Na+ uptake in edema. The present study was conducted to determine (1) whether the Na-K-Cl cotransporter is located in the luminal membrane of the BBB, and (2) whether inhibition of the BBB cotransporter reduces brain edema formation. Perfusion-fixed rat brains were examined for cotransporter distribution by immunoelectron microscopy. Cerebral edema was evaluated in rats subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging and calculation of apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC). The immunoelectron microscopy studies revealed a predominant (80%) luminal membrane distribution of the cotransporter. Magnetic resonance imaging studies showed ADC ratios (ipsilateral MCAO/contralateral control) ranging from 0.577 to 0.637 in cortex and striatum, indicating substantial edema formation. Intravenous bumetanide (7.6–30.4 mg/kg) given immediately before occlusion attenuated the decrease in ADC ratios for both cortex and striatum (by 40–67%), indicating reduced edema formation. Bumetanide also reduced infarct size, determined by TTC staining. These findings suggest that a luminal BBB Na-K-Cl cotransporter contributes to edema formation during cerebral ischemia.
MJO in the NCAR CAM2 with the Tiedtke Convective Scheme

Abstract The boreal winter Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) remains very weak and irregular in the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Atmosphere Model version 2 (CAM2) as in its direct predecessor, the Community Climate Model version 3 (CCM3). The standard version of CAM2 uses the deep convective scheme of Zhang and McFarlane, as in CCM3, with the closure dependent on convective available potential energy (CAPE). Here, sensitivity tests using several versions of the Tiedtke convective scheme are conducted. Typically, the Tiedtke convection scheme gives an improved mean state, intraseasonal variability, space–time power spectra, and eastward propagation compared to the standard version of the model. Coherent eastward propagation of MJO-related precipitation is also much improved, particularly over the Indian–western Pacific Oceans. A composite life cycle of the model MJO indicates that over the Indian Ocean wind-induced surface heat exchange (WISHE) functions, while over the western/c.
An asymmetric cable-driven mechanism for force control of exoskeleton systems

In this paper, an asymmetric cable-driven mechanism is proposed for accurate force control of exoskeleton systems with a compact structure. Inspired by the fact that the required forces in human motions are not symmetric in many cases, a spring-actuator type cable-drive mechanism is adopted, which enables a compact cable routing structure. The joint is connected with the exoskeleton frame through a rotary series elastic mechanism to transmit the desired force to the human user. High performance in force control is achieved by advanced control algorithms, which combine a proportional and differential (PD) controller optimized with a linear quadratic (LQ) method with a disturbance observer (DOB) and a zero phase error tracking (ZPET) feedforward filter. The proposed system was tested for the elbow joint. Experimental results confirmed that the proposed system was able to generate and deliver accurate force to the human user even with external disturbances and modeling uncertainties introduced by human motions.
Analytical and Simulation Performance of a Typical User in Random Cellular Network

Spatial Poisson Point Process (PPP) network, whose Base Stations (BS)s are distributed according to a Poisson distribution, is currently used as a accurate model to analyse the performance of a cellular network. Most current work on evaluation of PPP network in Rayleigh fading channels are usually assumed that the BSs have fixed transmission power levels and there is only a Resource Block (RB) or a user in each cell. In this paper, the Rayleigh-Lognormal fading channels are considered, and it is assumed that each cell is allocated $N$ Resource Blocks (RB) to serve M users. Furthermore, the serving and interfering BS of a typical user are assumed to transmit at different power levels. The closed-form expression for the network coverage probability for both low and high SNR is derived by using Gauss-Legendre approximation. The analytical results indicates that the performance of the typical user is proportional to the transmission power and density of BSs when SNR 10 dB or {\lambda}>1. The variance of Monte Carlo simulation is considered to verify the stability and accuracy of simulation results.
Glutamate signalling via a MEKK1 kinase-dependent pathway induces changes in Arabidopsis root architecture

A chemical genetic approach has been used to investigate the mechanism by which external glutamate (l–Glu) is able to trigger major changes in root architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana L. An initial screen of 80 agonists and antagonists of mammalian glutamate and GABA receptors, using a specially developed 96-well microphenotyping system, found none that replicated the response of the root to l–Glu or antagonized it. However, a larger screen using >1500 molecules bioactive in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) identified two groups that interfered with the l–Glu response. One of the antagonists, 2–(4–chloro-3-methylphenyl)-2-oxoethyl thiocyanate (CMOT), has been reported to target Ste11, an evolutionarily conserved MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) in yeast. This led to the discovery that root growth in a triple mekk1 mekk2 mekk3 mutant (mekk1/2/3), defective in a set of three tandemly arranged MAP3Ks, was almost insensitive to l–Glu. However, the sensitivity of mekk1/2/3 roots to inhibition by other amino acids reported to act as agonists of glutamate receptor-like (GLR) channels in Arabidopsis roots (Asn, Cys, Gly and Ser) was unaffected. The l–Glu sensitivity of the mekk1/2/3 mutant was restored by transformation with a construct carrying the intact MEKK1 gene. These results demonstrate that MEKK1 plays a key role in transducing the l–Glu signal that elicits large-scale changes in root architecture, and provide genetic evidence for the existence in plants of an l–Glu signalling pathway analogous to that found in animals.
Towards Semantic Matching of Attributes in Multi-domain Access Control

While applying attribute based access control in dynamic open multi-domain environments, an important critical problem is how to make these domains know each other about the semantics of attributes defined by them. Towards this problem, a novel method of attribute matching is proposed in this paper. This matching is based on other domains’ knowledges of the specific concept relationship. The knowledge involves five different concept relationships. Compared with the numerical similarity between two concepts, these concept relationships are more applicable in access control. In addition, the proposed method does not need the overall information of ontologies to which the matched concepts belong. For this, examples are given to illustrate applications of the method.
Biosynthesis of mannosylinositolphosphoceramide in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is dependent on genes controlling the flow of secretory vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi

Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains several abundant phosphoinositol- containing sphingolipids, namely inositolphosphoceramides (IPCs), mannosyl-inositolphosphoceramide (MIPC), which is substituted on the headgroup with an additional mannose, and M(IP)2C, a ceramide substituted with one mannose and two phosphoinositol groups. Using well- defined temperature-sensitive secretion mutants we demonstrate that the biosynthesis of MIPC, M(IP)2C, and a subclass if IPCs is dependent on genes that are required for the vesicular transport of proteins from the ER to the Golgi. Synthesis of these lipids in intact cells is dependent on metabolic energy. A likely but tentative interpretation of the data is that the biosynthesis of these sphingolipids is restricted to the Golgi apparatus, and that one or more substrates for the biosynthesis of these sphingolipids (phosphatidylinositol, IPCs, or MIPC) are delivered to the Golgi apparatus by an obligatory vesicular transport step. Alternative models to explain the data are also discussed.
Health, social change & communities

PART I: HEALTH AND SOCIAL CHANGE 1. The Health System, Participation and Community Groups 2. Consumers and Health Policy Reform 3. Incorporating Voices from the Community into Policy 4. Altruism or Entrepreneurialism: Competing Ideologies in the Voluntary Sector 5. Unemployment and Individualism: Community and Health in Australian Unemployment Policy 6. Public Health Challenges in the Care of the Dying 7. Policy Reform in the Psychiatric Sector: Service Responses after Deinstitutionalism PART II: COMMUNITIES 8. Women and Health: An Ongoing Agenda 9. Promoting Men's Health: From Pathologies to Partnerships 10. The Health of Children 11. Healthy Ageing: A New Focus on Older People's Health and Well-Being 12. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Social Aspects and the Role of Community Groups 13. Aboriginal Australians, Governments, and Participation in Health Systems 14. 'Our Shame, Blacks Live Poor, Die Young': Indigenous Health Practice and Ethical Possibilities for Reform 15. Living in a Different Place at a Different Time: Health Policy and Australian Ethnic Communities 16. Queering Health: The Health of Young Same-Sex-Attracted Men and Women 17. Drugs: A Contested Policy Area 18. Suicidality in the Community
P120-Catenin Isoforms 1 and 3 Regulate Proliferation and Cell Cycle of Lung Cancer Cells via β-Catenin and Kaiso Respectively

Background The different mechanisms involved in p120-catenin (p120ctn) isoforms' 1/3 regulation of cell cycle progression are still not elucidated to date. Methods and Findings We found that both cyclin D1 and cyclin E could be effectively restored by restitution of p120ctn-1A or p120ctn-3A in p120ctn depleted lung cancer cells. When the expression of cyclin D1 was blocked by co-transfection with siRNA-cyclin D1 in p120ctn depleted cells restoring p120ctn-1A or 3A, the expression of cyclin E was slightly decreased, not increased, implying that p120ctn isoforms 1 and 3 cannot up-regulate cyclin E directly but may do so through up-regulation of cyclin D1. Interestingly, overexpression of p120ctn-1A increased β-catenin and cyclin D1 expression, while co-transfection with siRNA targeting β-catenin abolishes the effect of p120ctn-1A on up-regulation of cyclin D1, suggesting a role of β-catenin in mediating p120ctn-1A's regulatory function on cyclin D1 expression. On the other hand, overexpression of p120ctn isoform 3A reduced nuclear Kaiso localization, thus decreasing the binding of Kaiso to KBS on the cyclin D1 promoter and thereby enhancing the expression of cyclin D1 gene by relieving the repressor effect of Kaiso. Because overexpressing NLS-p120ctn-3A (p120ctn-3A nuclear target localization plasmids) or inhibiting nuclear export of p120ctn-3 by Leptomycin B (LMB) caused translocation of Kaiso to the nucleus, it is plausible that the nuclear export of Kaiso is p120ctn-3-dependent. Conclusions Our results suggest that p120ctn isoforms 1 and 3 up-regulate cyclin D1, and thereby cyclin E, resulting in the promotion of cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in lung cancer cells probably via different protein mediators, namely, β-catenin for isoform 1 and Kaiso, a negative transcriptional factor of cyclin D1, for isoform 3.
Time on Camera: An Alternative Explanation of NASCAR Tournaments

NASCAR’s reward structure for rank order tournaments has been considered the exception to the rule in tournament theory due to the linear payout structure. We suggest that the rewards for drivers are nonlinear when you take into consideration the value of sponsorship time on camera and sponsor mentions during a race on TV. Given the importance of corporate sponsorship in NASCAR, we suggest that performance in a race provides additional benefits that are not captured in traditional tournament payments. Key Words: