Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Safety and Efficacy of High Protein Diet Versus GFR-based Protein Diet in Non-obese Advanced Heart Failure Patients with Renal Insufficiency: Randomized Controlled Trial Study Design

Introduction: Inadequate nutritional status has been linked to poor outcomes in heart failure patients. Generally, high protein intake is recommended for sarcopenic and malnourished patients. On the other hand, protein restriction is recommended in patients with renal damage. We found no clinical trial considering protein intake in HF patients with renal insufficiency. Methods: The present study is a randomized, parallel-arm, controlled pilot study. The effect of a high protein diet versus glomerular filtration rate (GFR)-based protein intake in non-obese advanced HF patients will be assessed. Muscle mass will be assessed as the main outcome. Re-hospitalization, quality of life, renal function, physical performance, appetite and mortality are the second outcomes. Conclusions: In the present clinical trial, for the first time, we will evaluate the effect of high protein diet in patients with advanced HF who have pre-existing renal impairment. The result of the present trial may shed light on the methods for the nutritional intervention in this group of patients.
Passivity Analysis of Replicator Dynamics and Its Variations

In this article, we focus on studying the passivity properties of different versions of replicator dynamics (RD). The RD represents a deterministic monotone nonlinear dynamic, which allows incorporation of the distribution of population types through a fitness function. We use tools for control theory, in particular, the passivity theory, to study the stability of the RD when it is in action with evolutionary games. The passivity theory allows us to identify the class of evolutionary games in which stability with RD is guaranteed. We show that several variations of the first order RD satisfy the standard loseless passivity property. In contrary, the second-order RD does not satisfy the standard passivity property; however, it satisfies a similar dissipativity property known as negative imaginary property.
On spectral properties of Neuman–Poincaré operator and plasmonic resonances in 3D elastostatics

We consider plasmon resonances and cloaking for the elastostatic system in $\mathbb{R}^3$ via the spectral theory of Neumann-Poincar\'e operator. We first derive the full spectral properties of the Neumann-Poincar\'e operator for the 3D elastostatic system in the spherical geometry. The spectral result is of significant interest for its own sake, and serves as a highly nontrivial extension of the corresponding 2D study in [8]. The derivation of the spectral result in 3D involves much more complicated and subtle calculations and arguments than that for the 2D case. Then we consider a 3D plasmonic structure in elastostatics which takes a general core-shell-matrix form with the metamaterial located in the shell. Using the obtained spectral result, we provide an accurate characterisation of the anomalous localised resonance and cloaking associated to such a plasmonic structure.
AMFFNet: attention-guided multi-level feature fusion network for land cover classification of remote sensing images

Abstract. In the field of remote sensing, the classification of land cover is a pivotal and challenging issue. Standard models fail to capture global and semantic information in remote sensing images despite the fact that a convolutional neural network provides robust support for semantic segmentation. In addition, owing to disparities in semantic levels and spatial resolution, the simple fusion of low-level and high-level features may diminish the efficiency. To address these deficiencies, an attention-guided multi-level feature fusion network (AMFFNet) is proposed in this study. The proposed AMFFNet approach is designed as an encoder–decoder network with the inclusion of a multi-level feature fusion module (MFF) and a dual attention map module (DAM). A DAM models the semantic association of features from a spatial and channel perspective, and an MFF bridges the semantic and resolution gaps between high-level and low-level features. Furthermore, we propose a residual-based boundary refinement upsample module to further optimize the object boundaries. The experimental results indicate that the proposed strategy can considerably enhance the accuracy of land cover classification, achieving a mean intersection over union of 90.39% on the LandCover.ai dataset and 63.14% on the Gaofen Image Dataset with 15 categories (GID-15).
A metric interpretation of reflexivity for Banach spaces

We define two metrics $d_{1,\alpha}$ and $d_{\infty,\alpha}$ on each Schreier family $\mathcal{S}_\alpha$, $\alpha<\omega_1$, with which we prove the following metric characterization of reflexivity of a Banach space $X$: $X$ is reflexive if and only if there is an $\alpha<\omega_1$, so that there is no mapping $\Phi:\mathcal{S}_\alpha\to X$ for which $$ cd_{\infty,\alpha}(A,B)\le \|\Phi(A)-\Phi(B)\|\le C d_{1,\alpha}(A,B) \text{ for all $A,B\in\mathcal{S}_\alpha$. }$$ Secondly, we prove for separable and reflexive Banach spaces $X$, and certain countable ordinals $\alpha$ that $\max(\text{ Sz}(X),\text{ Sz}(X^*))\le \alpha$ if and only if $({\mathcal S}_\alpha, d_{1,\alpha})$ does not bi-Lipschitzly embed into $X$. Here $\text{Sz}(Y)$ denotes the Szlenk index of a Banach space $Y$.
Molecular Identifications of Hyalomma dromedarii Infecting Camels and Theileria annulata from Ticks by 18S rRNA Gene in Al Disah valley, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

obligate intracellular protozoon, is transmitted by hard ticks and induces moderate to severe diseases in vertebrate hosts. The hard ticks Hyalomma dromedarii and Hyalomma anatolicum were collected from a camel in Saudi Arabia in October 2021. A total of 140 dromedary camels were selected by a simple random selection procedure. A total of 310 two different ixodid tick species, such as H. dromedarii and H. anatolicum were identified in camels. The infection rate of H. dromedarii was 78 % (242 /310) and that of H. anatolicum was 22% (68 /310). To identify H. dromedarii and Theileria sp. , polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the COI gene and the 18S rRNA gene was done . The PCR-amplified 660-bp-long H. dromedarii and 400-bp-long Theileria sp. genes were analyzed with phylogenetic trees. H. dromedarii had a single genotype that was completely the same as that registered for H. dromedarii . The genotype of Theileria sp. found in H. dromedarii was highly similar to T. annulata by (99.9) %. This study may contribute to understanding the epidemiology of tick-borne diseases, thus, enhancing the detection and control of the diseases in Saudi Arabia.
Spectral stability of bi-frequency solitary waves in Soler and Dirac-Klein-Gordon models

We construct bi-frequency solitary waves of the nonlinear Dirac equation with the scalar self-interaction, known as the Soler model (with an arbitrary nonlinearity and in arbitrary dimension) and the Dirac-Klein-Gordon with Yukawa self-interaction. These solitary waves provide a natural implementation of qubit and qudit states in the theory of quantum computing. We show the relation of \begin{document}$± 2ω\mathrm{i}$\end{document} eigenvalues of the linearization at a solitary wave, Bogoliubov \begin{document}$\mathbf{SU}(1,1)$\end{document} symmetry, and the existence of bi-frequency solitary waves. We show that the spectral stability of these waves reduces to spectral stability of usual (one-frequency) solitary waves.
An insertion algorithm over staircase tableaux compatible with the ASEP's matrix ansatz

Based on the matrix ansatz of Derrida, Evans, Hakim and Pasquier, we prensent a new way of computing the stationary probability of a state of the asym- metric simple exclusion process (ASEP). Through an insertion algorithm over staircase tableaux, we give a combinatorial proof to the current interpretation of the ASEP by these tableaux of Corteel and Williams. The insertion algorithm induces a recursive structure which implies nice factorised formulas for the generating polynomials of staircase tableaux, as well as a bijection with some coloured inversion tables. In addi- tion, we adapt the insertion algorithm to the case of type B symmetric tableaux and we define a new matrix ansatz compatible with it.
Cindese: Computing Indirect Effects and Standard Errors in the Jöreskog Covariance Structure Model

Users of structural equation models have found it useful to consider both the direct and indirect effects in a covariance structure model. However, the study of indirect effects has been hampered by the absence of a known statistical distribution for these effects. Recently, Sobel (1986) has derived general expressions for obtaining the standard errors for total indirect effects in the Jöreskog covariance structure model, or the LISREL model (Jöreskog and Sörbom, 1981). The purpose of this paper was to introduce a FORTRAN computer program for implementing Sobel's procedures. The computer program can accomodate structural models which feature feedback conditions, latent variables, and equality constraints among the direct effects.
Polarization of strained BaTiO3∕SrTiO3 artificial superlattice: First-principles study

We performed first-principles calculation to investigate the effect of epitaxial strain on lattice instabilities and polarization behavior of BaTiO3∕SrTiO3 artificial lattice with very short stacking period, i.e., BaTiO31unitcell∕SrTiO31unitcell(BTO∕STO). The structural analysis of BTO∕STO artificial superlattice under in-plane compressive state showed enhanced stability of the tetragonal phase. On the other hand, the stability of monoclinic phase was enhanced when the BTO∕STO was in the in-plane tensile state. The phase transition from tetragonal to the monoclinic phase occurs at the misfit strain of −0.25%. As the misfit strain of BTO∕STO superlattice increases from −0.25%to−1.5% (in-plane compressive state), the tetragonal superlattice exhibits an increasing polarization along the [001] direction. In the monoclinic phase, the polarization of the superlattice rotates progressively toward [110] direction with increasing the misfit strain, and the magnitude of the polarization simultaneously increases wit.
Effects of Insect Formulated Feeds on Performance and Nutrient Retention Characteristics of Caged Cobb Broilers

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effects of varying grades of insect-formulated feeds (IFF) on finishing-phase performance and nutrient retention of caged Cobb broilers. Materials and Methods: Cobb broilers (n=1050) were randomly assigned 50 per treatment in triplicates to African palm weevil (APW), housefly maggot (HFL) and Cockroach (CKR) formulated meals for six weeks respectively. Meals were formulated with larval stages of APW, HFL and adult CKR in single and combined forms, and commercial hybrid feed served as control. Birds were raised in an experimental animal house dimensioned 21.34-meter length by 3.05-meter breadth and divided into seven squared compartments. These seven compartments were further partitioned into three compartments each using wood, ply boards and net gauze which served as the triplicates for the experiment. Meals and water were served ad libitum and feeding was done twice daily. Weekly readings of body length, weight, breast width, feed efficiency and nutrient retention analysis were done using fecal samples. Results and Discussion: Growth performance increased weekly and was highest in broilers fed African palm weevil meals (p< 0.05). Nutrient retention equally increased (p< 0.05). The retention of dry matter, crude protein and calcium, ether extract, crude ash and phosphorus increased in housefly and African palm weevil and commercial hybrid feed respectively. Implications and Applications: Using these insects can result in improved performance and greater nutrient retention; however, an increased number of weeks is required to assess more growth performance. A formulated feed meal of African palm weevils could be adopted as a viable alternative meals for commercial production of broiler meat.
Primal-dual interior-point Methods for Semidefinite Programming from an algebraic point of view, or: Using Noncommutativity for Optimization.

Since more than three decades, interior-point methods proved very useful for optimization, from linear over semidefinite to conic (and partly beyond non-convex) programming; despite the fact that already in the semidefinite case (even when strong duality holds) "hard" problems are known. We shade a light on a rather surprising restriction in the non-commutative world (of semidefinite programming), namely "commutative" paths and propose a new family of solvers that is able to use the full richness of "non-commutative" search directions: (primal) feasible-interior-point methods. Beside a detailed basic discussion, we illustrate some variants of "non-commutative" paths and provide a simple implementation for further (problem specific) investigations.
PROTOCOL: The experiences of adults experiencing homelessness when accessing and using psychosocial interventions: A systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis

Abstract The systematic review set out in this protocol is part of a broader evidence synthesis which intends to produce two systematic reviews to address a significant gap in the evidence base identified by Luchenski et al. (2018) and by White and Narayanan (2021). This review (the focus of this protocol) will be of the experiences of adults experiencing homelessness when accessing and using psychosocial interventions. This review of qualitative data will use thematic synthesis to analyse these experiences as faced by this population when accessing and using psychosocial interventions.
The Riesz Capacity in Metric Spaces

We study a capacity theory based on a definition of a Riesz potential in metric spaces with a doubling measure. In this general setting, we study the basic properties of the Riesz capacity, including monotonicity, countable subadditivity and several convergence results. We define a modified version of the Hausdorff measure and provide lower bound and upper bound estimates for the capacity in terms of the modified Hausdorff content.
Arbaclofen extended-release tablets for spasticity in multiple sclerosis: randomized, controlled clinical trial

Abstract Baclofen, a racemic GABA-B (GABAB) receptor agonist, is commonly used for the management of multiple sclerosis-related spasticity but is associated with frequent dosing and poor tolerability. Arbaclofen, the active R-enantiomer of baclofen, exhibits 100- to 1000-fold greater specificity for the GABAB receptor compared with the S-enantiomer and ∼5-fold greater potency compared with racemic baclofen. Arbaclofen extended-release tablets have a dosing interval of 12 hours and have shown a favourable safety and efficacy profile in early-phase clinical development. The current Phase 3 study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of arbaclofen extended-release tablets in patients with multiple sclerosis-related spasticity. In this multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, adults with multiple sclerosis-related spasticity were randomized to arbaclofen extended-release 40 mg/day, arbaclofen extended-release 80 mg/day or placebo for 12 weeks. The co-primary end-points were the change from baseline to Week 12 in the Total Numeric-transformed Modified Ashworth Scale in the Most Affected Limb score and the Clinical Global Impression of Change score. A hierarchical testing procedure was used to evaluate the co-primary end-points; analyses for the 80 mg/day group were considered inferential only if the arbaclofen extended-release 40 mg/day and placebo groups demonstrated a statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) for both end-points. Five hundred thirty-six patients were included in the study. At Week 12, the least squares mean change from baseline in Total Numeric-transformed Modified Ashworth Scale in the Most Affected Limb score was −1.67 (95% confidence interval: −1.97 to −1.36) and −1.28 (95% confidence interval: −1.57 to −0.99) in the arbaclofen extended-release 40 mg/day and placebo groups, respectively (least squares mean difference: −0.39; P < 0.048). Improvements were seen in the mean Clinical Global Impression of Change scores for both the arbaclofen extended-release 40 mg/day and placebo groups; however, no statistically significant difference was observed between them (least squares mean difference: −0.10; P = 0.43). Most adverse events were of mild-moderate severity. Arbaclofen extended-release 40 mg/day for 12 weeks significantly reduced multiple sclerosis-related spasticity compared with placebo and was safe and well tolerated over the 12-week treatment period. Although arbaclofen extended-release 40 mg/day improved Clinical Global Impression of Change scores, a significant difference from placebo was not observed.
Glacial lake outburst flood hazard under current and future conditions: worst-case scenarios in a transboundary Himalayan basin

Abstract. Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) are a major concern throughout High Mountain Asia, where societal impacts can extend far downstream. This is particularly true for transboundary Himalayan basins, where risks are expected to further increase as new lakes develop. Given the need for anticipatory approaches to disaster risk reduction, this study aims to demonstrate how the threat from a future lake can be feasibly assessed alongside that of worst-case scenarios from current lakes, as well as how this information is relevant for disaster risk management. We have focused on two previously identified dangerous lakes (Galongco and Jialongco), comparing the timing and magnitude of simulated worst-case outburst events from these lakes both in the Tibetan town of Nyalam and downstream at the border with Nepal. In addition, a future scenario has been assessed, whereby an avalanche-triggered GLOF was simulated for a potential large new lake forming upstream of Nyalam. Results show that large (>20×106 m3) rock and/or ice avalanches could generate GLOF discharges at the border with Nepal that are more than 15 times larger than what has been observed previously or anticipated based on more gradual breach simulations. For all assessed lakes, warning times in Nyalam would be only 5–11 min and 30 min at the border. Recent remedial measures undertaken to lower the water level at Jialongco would have little influence on downstream impacts resulting from a very large-magnitude GLOF, particularly in Nyalam where there has been significant development of infrastructure directly within the high-intensity flood zone. Based on these findings, a comprehensive approach to disaster risk management is called for, combining early warning systems with effective land use zoning and programmes to build local response capacities. Such approaches would address the current drivers of GLOF risk in the basin while remaining robust in the face of worst-case, catastrophic outburst events that become more likely under a warming climate.
Ensemble time‐stepping algorithms for the heat equation with uncertain conductivity

Motivated by applications to 3D printing, this article presents two algorithms for calculating an ensemble of solutions to heat conduction problems. The ensemble average is the most likely temperature distribution and its variance gives an estimate of prediction reliability. Solutions are calculated by solving a linear system, involving a shared coefficient matrix, for multiple right‐hand sides at each timestep. Storage requirements and computational costs to solve the system are thereby reduced. Stability and convergence of the methods are proven under a condition involving the ratio between fluctuations of the thermal conductivity and the mean. A series of numerical tests are provided which confirm the theoretical analyses and illustrate uses of ensemble simulations.
A discrete scheme of Landweber iteration for solving nonlinear ill-posed problems

In this paper we consider the finite dimensional approximation of Landweber iteration for nonlinear ill-posed problems and propose an a posteriori stopping rule to choose the termination index of the iteration. Under certain conditions, we obtain convergence, a pseudo-optimality estimate, and rates of convergence. A numerical example is given to test the theoretical assertions.
TREM-1 governs NLRP3 inflammasome activation of macrophages by firing up glycolysis in acute lung injury

The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is a pro-inflammatory immune receptor potentiating acute lung injury (ALI). However, the mechanism of TREM-1-triggered inflammation response remains poorly understood. Here, we showed that TREM-1 blocking attenuated NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and glycolysis in LPS-induced ALI mice. Then, we observed that TREM-1 activation enhanced glucose consumption, induced glycolysis, and inhibited oxidative phosphorylation in macrophages. Specifically, inhibition of glycolysis with 2-deoxyglucose diminished NLRP3 inflammasome activation of macrophages triggered by TREM-1. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a critical transcriptional regulator of glycolysis. We further found that TREM-1 activation facilitated HIF-1α accumulation and translocation to the nucleus via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Inhibiting mTOR or HIF-1α also suppressed TREM-1-induced metabolic reprogramming and NLRP3/caspase-1 activation. Overall, the mTOR/HIF-1α/glycolysis pathway is a novel mechanism underlying TREM-1-governed NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Therapeutic targeting of the mTOR/HIF-1α/glycolysis pathway in TREM-1-activated macrophages could be beneficial for treating or preventing inflammatory diseases, such as ALI.
Stroke prediction based on improved machine learning algorithm

With the development of society, people's life pressure is increasing, and the number of stroke patients is also increasing year by year. At present, stroke has become the second leading cause of death in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to predict whether a person is more likely to have a stroke. At present, studies around the world have established a variety of stroke prediction models based on genetic or pathological indicators. However, the accuracy of the prediction models derived from these studies is still insufficient. This study designed a new method to predict stroke. After the datasets are collected and processed, the SMOTE method is used to balance the datasets in order to obtain better results in the future prediction. In the stage of constructing new patient features, eight complex new features with different correlations were created. After completing the construction of new features, this study uses the machine learning model algorithm built in the Sklearn function library in Python to train and predict the processed datasets. Experimental results show that the prediction accuracy of most algorithms has reached more than 95%, which has been greatly improved compared with previous studies. Finally, this study uses PyQt5 and QtDesigner to build a simple GUI, which can be easily operated by users who have the need to predict stroke.
Energy stability and convergence of SAV block-centered finite difference method for gradient flows

We present in this paper construction and analysis of a block-centered finite difference method for the spatial discretization of the scalar auxiliary variable Crank-Nicolson scheme (SAV/CN-BCFD) for gradient flows, and show rigorously that scheme is second-order in both time and space in various discrete norms. When equipped with an adaptive time strategy, the SAV/CN-BCFD scheme is accurate and extremely efficient. Numerical experiments on typical Allen-Cahn and Cahn-Hilliard equations are presented to verify our theoretical results and to show the robustness and accuracy of the SAV/CN-BCFD scheme.