Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Activity and Glucose Diffusion Relationship of Traditional Medicinal Antihyperglycemic Plant Extracts

Plants with hypoglycemic properties are important in the treatment of diabetes. One of the mechanisms in reducing blood glucose is preventing the digestive absorption of glucose. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of some traditional medicinal plants collected from different regions of Iran and their effects on glucose diffusion decrease. The amounts of phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total polysaccharides, antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation were determined respectively by folin ciocalteu, querceting, sulfuric acid, FRAP and thiobarbituric acid - reactive substanses (TBARS) in eleven confirmed traditional antihyperglycemic medicinal plants prepared at 50g/l concentrations using the boiling method. Phenolic compounds of Eucalyptus globules (100.8± 0.01 mg /g), total flavonoids content of Juglans regia (16.9± 0.01 mg /g) and total polysaccharide amount of Allium satirum (0.28± 0.05) were the highest. Significant relationship was observed between the polyphenols and flavonoids (p <0.05). The grape seed extract showed the highest antioxidant activity (133± 0.02 mg/g) together with decreased glucose diffusion as well as increased polyphenols (p <0.05), but the increase in antioxidant activity was not related to glucose diffusion. Antihyperglycemic plant extracts containing higher polyphenols showed more efficiently in vitro glucose diffusion decrease, but no significant relationship was observed between antioxidant activity increase and glucose diffusion.
Acoustic direction finding in highly reverberant environment with single acoustic vector sensor

We propose a novel wideband acoustic direction finding method for highly reverberant environments using measurements from a single Acoustic Vector Sensor (AVS). Since an AVS is small in size and can be effectively used within the full acoustic frequency bands, the proposed solution is suitable for wideband acoustic source localization. In particular, we introduce a novel approach to extract the signal portions that are not distorted with multipath signals and noise. We do not make any stochastic and sparseness assumptions regarding the underlying signal source. Hence, our approach can be applied to a wide range of wideband acoustic signals. We present experiments with acoustic signals that are specially exposed to long reverberations, where the Signal-to-Noise Ratio is as low as 0 dB. In these experiments, the proposed method reliably estimates the source direction with less than 5 degrees of error even under the introduced significantly high reverberation conditions.
Energy-balanced Time Synchronization Algorithm Based on Flooding for Multi-hop Wireless Sensor Networks

To achieve network-wide time synchronization in multi-hop wireless sensor networks (WSN), this paper proposes an accurate and energy-balanced time synchronization algorithm based on flooding. Flooding Time-Synchronization Protocol (FTSP) has advanced features, such as implicitly dynamic topology and high time accuracy, which can't be affected by some node's losing. FTSP propagates its time information of the reference node without concern about the network topology. However, in large-scale WSN applications, the efficiency of FTSP will be reduced drastically because of serious network storm. Meanwhile, the energy consumption of the network breaks the energy balance. In this paper, our aim is to solve the problems of synchronization error accumulation and unbalanced energy consumption. Our theoretical findings and experimental results show that forbidding possibly invalid forwarding among the sensor nodes drastically improves the synchronization accuracy and performance of energy-balanced.
Datenmodellierung mittels verschiedener Frequenzreihen

Zusammenfassung In der Geodäsie treten häufig diskrete Messwerte auf, die Punkten eines mehrdimensionalen Raumes zugeordnet sind. Für die Modellierung solcher Daten wird eine Frequenzreihe, bestehend aus Frequenzen, die nicht in ganzzahligen Verhältnissen zueinander stehen, eingeführt. Anhand eines Beispiels wird gezeigt, inwieweit eine Datenmodellierung mit dieser Reihe, die sich von einer traditionellen zweidimensionalen Fourierreihe unterscheidet, erfolgen kann. Dabei wird speziell auf die unterschiedliche Vorgehensweise bei der Bestimmung der jeweiligen unbekannten Parameter bei Verwendung dieser Frequenzreihen eingegangen sowie auf die erreichbaren Genauigkeiten in und zwischen den Stützpunkten.
Crystal structure of iron(III) perchlorate nonahydrate

Since the discovery of perchlorate salts on Mars and the known occurrence of ferric salts in the regolith, there is a distinct possibility that the title compound could form on the surface of Mars. [Fe(H2O)6](ClO4)3·3H2O was crystallized from aqueous solutions at low temperatures according to the solid–liquid phase diagram.
Interaction of PLP with GFP-MAL2 in the Human Oligodendroglial Cell Line HOG

The velocity of the nerve impulse conduction of vertebrates relies on the myelin sheath, an electrically insulating layer that surrounds axons in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, enabling saltatory conduction of the action potential. Oligodendrocytes are the myelin-producing glial cells in the central nervous system. A deeper understanding of the molecular basis of myelination and, specifically, of the transport of myelin proteins, will contribute to the search of the aetiology of many dysmyelinating and demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis. Recent investigations suggest that proteolipid protein (PLP), the major myelin protein, could reach myelin sheath by an indirect transport pathway, that is, a transcytotic route via the plasma membrane of the cell body. If PLP transport relies on a transcytotic process, it is reasonable to consider that this myelin protein could be associated with MAL2, a raft protein essential for transcytosis. In this study, carried out with the human oligodendrocytic cell line HOG, we show that PLP colocalized with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-MAL2 after internalization from the plasma membrane. In addition, both immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays, indicated the existence of an interaction between GFP-MAL2 and PLP. Finally, ultrastructural studies demonstrated colocalization of GFP-MAL2 and PLP in vesicles and tubulovesicular structures. Taken together, these results prove for the first time the interaction of PLP and MAL2 in oligodendrocytic cells, supporting the transcytotic model of PLP transport previously suggested.
Mechanisms of prostate cancer cell survival after inhibition of AR expression

Recent reports have shown that the AR is the key determinant of the molecular changes required for driving prostate cancer cells from an androgen‐dependent to an androgen‐independent or androgen depletion‐independent (ADI) state. Several recent publications suggest that down‐regulation of AR expression should therefore be considered the principal strategy for the treatment of ADI prostate cancer. However, no valid data is available about how androgen‐dependent prostate cancer cells respond to apoptosis‐inducing drugs after knocking down AR expression and whether prostate cancer cells escape apoptosis after inhibition of AR expression. This review will focus on mechanisms of prostate cancer cell survival after inhibition of AR activity mediated either by androgen depletion or by targeting the expression of AR by siRNA. We have shown that knocking down AR expression by siRNA induced PI3K‐independent activation of Akt, which was mediated by calcium/calmodulin‐dependent kinase II (CaMKII). We also showed that the expression of CaMKII genes is under AR control: active AR in the presence of androgens inhibits CaMKII gene expression whereas inhibition of AR activity results in an elevated level of kinase activity and in enhanced expression of CaMKII genes. This in turn activates the anti‐apoptotic PI3K/Akt pathways. CaMKII also express anti‐apoptotic activity that is independent from the Akt pathway. This may therefore be an important mechanism by which prostate cancer cells escape apoptosis after androgen depletion or knocking down AR expression. In addition, we have found that there is another way to escape cell death after AR inhibition: DNA damaging agents cannot fully activate p53 in the absence of AR and as a result p53 down stream targets, for example, microRNA‐34, cannot be activated and induce apoptosis. This implies that there may be a need for re‐evaluation of the therapeutic approaches to human prostate cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 363–371, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Health and re-employment in a two year follow up of long term unemployed.

STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to examine re-employment and changes in health during a two year follow up of a representative sample of long term unemployed. DESIGN--This was a cross sectional study and a two year follow up. Health was measured by psychometric testing, Hopkins symptom checklist, General health questionnaire, and medical examination. Health related selection to continuous unemployment and recovery by re-employment was estimated by logistic regression with covariances deduced from the labour market theories of human capital and segmented labour market. SETTING--Four municipalities in Greenland, southern Norway. SUBJECTS--Participants were a random sample of 17 to 63 year old people registered as unemployed for more than 12 weeks. MAIN RESULTS--In the cross sectional study, the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and somatic illness was from four to 10 times higher than in a control group of employed people. In the follow up study, there was considerable health related selection to re-employment. A psychiatric diagnosis was associated with a 70% reduction in chances of obtaining a job. Normal performance on psychometric testing showed a two to three times increased chance of re-employment. Recovery of health following re-employment was less than expected from previous studies. CONCLUSIONS--Health related selection to long term unemployment seems to explain a substantial part of the excess mental morbidity among unemployed people. An increased proportion of the long term unemployed will be vocationally handicapped as years pass, putting a heavy burden on social services.
Causality in Linear Nongaussian Acyclic Models in the Presence of Latent Gaussian Confounders

LiNGAM has been successfully applied to some real-world causal discovery problems. Nevertheless, causal sufficiency is assumed; that is, there is no latent confounder of the observations, which may be unrealistic for real-world problems. Taking into the consideration latent confounders will improve the reliability and accuracy of estimations of the real causal structures. In this letter, we investigate a model called linear nongaussian acyclic models in the presence of latent gaussian confounders (LiNGAM-GC) which can be seen as a specific case of lvLiNGAM. This model includes the latent confounders, which are assumed to be independent gaussian distributed and statistically independent of the disturbances. To tackle the causal discovery problem of this model, first we propose a pairwise cumulant-based measure of causal directions for cause-effect pairs. We prove that in spite of the presence of latent gaussian confounders, the causal direction of the observed cause-effect pair can be identified under the mild condition that the disturbances are simultaneously supergaussian or subgaussian. We propose a simple and efficient method to detect the violation of this condition. We extend our work to multivariate causal network discovery problems. Specifically we propose algorithms to estimate the causal network structure, including causal ordering and causal strengths, using an iterative root finding-removing scheme based on pairwise measure. To address the redundant edge problem due to the finite sample size effect, we develop an efficient bootstrapping-based pruning algorithm. Experiments on synthetic data and real-world data have been conducted to show the applicability of our model and the effectiveness of our proposed algorithms.
Emerging and Re-emerging Arboviral Diseases as a Global Health Problem

Newly emerging or re-emerging infections continue to pose significant global public health threats. This chapter provides an overview of the combinations of factors that led to the emergence of arthropod-borne viruses as human and veterinary health threats, in order to understand the risk associated and how this can be mitigated. Considering the history of emergence of some arboviruses, these epidemics have occurred globally as a result of climate and socioeconomic changes that have allowed the spread to new geographical areas of viruses previously confined to specific ecological niches such as West Nile and Chikungunya, or viruses considered under control such as Dengue, Japanese encephalitis, and Yellow fever. Moreover, the greatest risk for humans derives from the ability of these viruses to adopt transmission cycles involving highly anthropophilic mosquito species. Finally, many other arboviruses are largely ignored despite their potential to emerge glob - ally. The recent epidemic spread of Zika virus throughout the Americas is the evidence that arboviruses are likely to continually emerge and re-emerge and that improved scien - tific technologies and knowledge is essential to deal with future vector-borne epidemics. Research priorities should therefore focus on surveillance systems and vector control tools, as well as on the development of antiviral molecules or candidate vaccine.
Multilayer concentrated windings for axial flux PM machines

Coreless axial flux machines with airgap concentrated windings are of interest due to their high torque density. One of the main challenges with such a winding is that the torque producing MMF component that corresponds to the fundamental of the permanent magnet excitation is accompanied by harmonics. At least one of them is of substantial amplitude. The other harmonics are asynchronous and cause losses in the rotor core and magnets. The lower order harmonics, due to their higher magnitude, are of especial harm. This paper proposes a new multilayer winding arrangement to reduce the non torque producing MMF harmonics. This winding is applied to a 12 coil 16 pole coreless axial flux machine. The efficacy of the winding is established by 3D finite element analysis.
Prevalence of hearing loss in the United States by industry.

BACKGROUND Twenty-two million workers are exposed to hazardous noise in the United States. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of hearing loss among U.S. industries. METHODS We examined 2000-2008 audiograms for male and female workers ages 18-65, who had higher occupational noise exposures than the general population. Prevalence and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) for hearing loss were estimated and compared across industries. RESULTS In our sample, 18% of workers had hearing loss. When compared with the Couriers and Messengers industry sub-sector, workers employed in Mining (PR = 1.65, CI = 1.57-1.73), Wood Product Manufacturing (PR = 1.65, CL = 1.61-1.70), Construction of Buildings (PR = 1.52, CI = 1.45-1.59), and Real Estate and Rental and Leasing (PR = 1.61, CL = 1.51-1.71) [corrected] had higher risks for hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS Workers in the Mining, Manufacturing, and Construction industries need better engineering controls for noise and stronger hearing conservation strategies. More hearing loss research is also needed within traditional "low-risk" industries like Real Estate.
An evaluation of the reactivity of the card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis (CATT) reagent in the Fontem sleeping sickness focus, Cameroon.

The TestrypR Card Agglutination Test for Trypanosomiasis (CATT) used for the serodiagnosis of gambiense trypanosomiasis is based on the variant antigen type (VAT) LiTat 1.3. This antigen is rarely expressed by trypanosomes in the Fontem focus of Cameroon, but the CATT has been used for serodiagnosis in the focus since 1985. We give here a summary of results obtained with the CATT in Fontem from 1985 to 1989. The CATT is specific for trypanosome antibodies since: (a) sera from persons with other parasitoses from areas non endemic for trypanosomiasis fail to react and (b) an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the detection of antibodies to somatic antigens of T.b gambiense from Fontem concorded with the CATT. CATT reactions in Fontem seem to be specific for the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) since absorption of CATT reactive sera with formalin fixed bloodstream T. gambiense from Fontem and with culture produced procyclics of T. gambiense from Fontem failed to abrogate CATT reactivity. CATT on serum failed to confirm 37% of CATT positive cases on whole blood. Although immunoconglutinin (IK), anti-human red blood cell (RBC) antibodies and complement fixing immune complexes (ICs) were found in sera from Fontem, our results failed to incriminate immunoconglutination of RBCs, reactions of RBCs with their autoantibodies and immune adherence hemagglutination as contributory factors in this lack of agreement between CATT on serum and whole blood. Further, comparison of whole blood and serum CATT results of parasitologically confirmed patients leads to the conclusion that screening with the CATT in the Fontem focus should be done on whole blood, not serum or plasma. CATT reactions in Fontem are based on cross-reactions with as yet undefined VATs.
Abundant expression of translation initiation factor EIF-4E in post-meiotic germ cells of the rat testis.

BACKGROUND Eukaryotic translation initiation factor EIF-4E is a key component in the regulation of translational efficiency of MRNAs and its increased expression may accelerate cell growth and division. EIF-4E has the potential to transform rat embryo fibroblast cells by cooperation with v-Myc or adenovirus E1A. Our previous study showed that a variety of tumor cells examined exhibited elevated levels of eIF-4E gene expression. Thus it is thought that overexpression of EIF-4E can result in aberrant growth and cell transformation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To characterize rat EIF-4E, a clone containing rat eIF-4E cDNA was isolated from a rat testis cDNA library by screening with a synthetic probe prepared by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Based on the conserved nucleotide sequences between mouse and human eIF-4E cDNA, two oligonucleotide primers for RT-PCR were synthesized chemically. The cloned cDNA was sequenced and used as a probe for analysis of the expression level of eIF-4E mRNA in normal, differentiated rat tissues by Northern blot analysis. In situ hybridization analysis with digoxigenin-labeled antisense eIF-4E RNA as a probe was carried out to identify the eIF-4E-expressing sites in rat tissues. In addition, to analyse the phosphorylation level of EIF-4E, the proteins were fractionated from rat tissues by affinity column chromatography followed by isoelectric focusing (IEF)-gel electrophoresis. RESULTS The nucleotide sequence of the eIF-4E cDNA is highly conserved in human, rat, and mouse. Extraordinarily elevated expression, more than 50-fold compared with that in the adult rat prostate, of eIF-4E was observed in testicular germ cells of rats of reproductive age, which was much greater than that in any tumor cell lines examined so far. The amount of EIF-4E fractionated from the adult rat testis was approximately 10 times higher than that from the adult rat liver. At least half of the purified testicular EIF-4E proteins were phosphorylated, a ratio similar to that in other rat tissues such as liver. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrated that elevated expression of eIF-4E mRNA was mainly observed in post-meiotic germ cells. CONCLUSIONS Full activity of EIF-4E in translation requires the phosphorylation of the protein on a specific serine residue. Thus the elevated level of EIF-4E observed in the adult rat testis should be reflected in increase of the functional activity of EIF-4E. Based on the results of in situ hybridization analysis and characterization of EIF-4E, it was concluded that abundant EIF-4E in the testis may play an important role in spermatogenesis through translational regulation of stage-specific mRNAs during germ cell development.
Irradiance and the elemental stoichiometry of marine phytoplankton

We analyzed the elemental composition (C, N, P, S, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Mo, and Ni) of five marine phytoplankton species representing the four major marine phyla grown over a range of growth irradiances. We found substantial variability in the elemental composition between different species, which is consistent with previously reported differences associated with evolutionary history. We found that many elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, and Mo) are enriched relative to phosphorus by about two to three orders of magnitude under irradiances that are limiting for growth, and net steady‐state uptake of element : P is often elevated under lower irradiances. For most elements, the variability in element : P due to irradiance is comparable to the variability due to phylogenetic differences at any irradiance, but often the interaction between genetic differences and the phenotypic response to irradiance amplifies the differences in elemental composition between species. The fractionation of trace elements relative to phosphorus into phytoplankton biomass under low light is consistent with depleted levels of Cu2+ and Mn2+ in deep chlorophyll maxima, suggesting that the export of lowlight‐ acclimated phytoplankton is a major source of trace element flux to the deep ocean and an important factor in the biogeochemical cycles of many of the biologically limiting elements in the oceans.
Simulations of Graphene Base Transistors With Improved Graphene Interface Model

A simulation study of the graphene base heterojunction transistor (GBHT) is presented based on a novel realistic graphene-Si interface model, calibrated on the experimental graphene-Si Schottky diodes, whose current-voltage-temperature characteristics are well reproduced. The GBHT simulations predict fT in the tens-of-gigahertz range and confirm the need for an improved quality of the graphene interface for the terahertz operation to be reached.