Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Minimizing Isotropic Total Variation without Subiterations

Total variation (TV) is one of the most popular regularizers in the context of ill-posed image reconstruction problems. Due to its particular structure, minimization of a TV-regularized function with a fast iterative shrinkage/thresholding algorithm (FISTA) requires additional sub-iterations, which may lead to a prohibitively slow reconstruction when dealing with very large scale imaging problems. In this work, we introduce a novel variant of FISTA for isotropic TV that circumvents the need for subiterations. Specifically, our algorithm replaces the exact TV proximal with a componentwise thresholding of the image gradient in a way that ensures the convergence of the algorithm to the true TV solution with arbitrarily high precision. International Traveling Workshop on Interactions Between Sparse Models and Technology (iTWIST) This work may not be copied or reproduced in whole or in part for any commercial purpose. Permission to copy in whole or in part without payment of fee is granted for nonprofit educational and research purposes provided that all such whole or partial copies include the following: a notice that such copying is by permission of Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc.; an acknowledgment of the authors and individual contributions to the work; and all applicable portions of the copyright notice. Copying, reproduction, or republishing for any other purpose shall require a license with payment of fee to Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright c © Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc., 2016 201 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Minimizing Isotropic Total Variation without Subiterations
A definition of the extended Jacobian inverse kinematics algorithm for mobile robots

Using control theoretic concepts we present a definitional procedure of extended Jacobian inverse kinematics algorithms for mobile robots. As a point of departure we assume a representation of the mobile robot kinematics as the end point map of a driftless control system with outputs. The space of admissible control functions of this system plays the role of the configuration space of the mobile robot, the system output space corresponds to the taskspace, so that the mobile robot kinematics transform the configuration space into the taskspace. The extended Jacobian inverse kinematics algorithm is obtained by means of the continuation method, and is based on the extended Jacobian inverse. The main step of its derivation consists in extending the original mobile robot kinematics to a map of the configuration space into itself. To this aim the configuration space is decomposed into a finite dimensional subspace, isomorphic to the taskspace, and the remaining quotient subspace. In compliance with this decomposition an augmenting kinematics map is introduced. The original kinematics and the augmenting kinematics constitute the extended kinematics. In a region free from singularities the inverse of the derivative of the extended kinematics defines the extended Jacobian inverse. By design, the extended Jacobian inverse kinematics algorithm has the property of repeatability. In the paper, the general procedure is exemplified by a derivation of the extended Jacobian inverse for a chained form system that is feedback equivalent to the kinematics of the kinematic car type mobile robot. An examination of algorithmic singularities of this algorithm is carried out. Computer simulations illustrate the performance of the algorithm.
Developmental regulation of DNA-topoisomerases during Drosophila embryogenesis.

Type I and type II DNA-topoisomerases are essential enzymes that mediate replication, transcription, recombination, and mitosis in multicellular eukaryotes but the extent of their interchange for specific reactions in vivo is controversial. Expression patterns for topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II during the embryogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster were compared with patterns of DNA replication and expression of the histone genes. In late oogenesis the maternally supplied top2 mRNA was evenly distributed throughout the egg with elevated levels at the posterior tip, a pattern that is maintained in syncytial blastoderm embryos. During gastrulation, top2 mRNA became differentially localized only to regions of DNA replication, including new expression in the gonads preceding mitosis/meiosis. Significantly higher levels of top2 mRNA were found in mitotic compared to endoreplicating tissues. The total histone mRNA was exclusively associated with DNA replication but, in contrast to top2 mRNA, mitotic and endoreplicating cells contained similar expression levels with no expression in the gonads. Striking differences exist between the distribution of the top2 mRNA and topoisomerase II protein. The protein localizes to all evolving nuclei where it persists throughout embryogenesis. A high level of top1 mRNA transcript was present without differential tissue distribution throughout embryogenesis.
Enhancing Psychosocial Support for HIV Positive Adolescents in Harare, Zimbabwe

Background There is a recognized gap in the evidence base relating to the nature and components of interventions to address the psycho-social needs of HIV positive young people. We used mixed methods research to strengthen a community support group intervention for HIV positive young people based in Harare, Zimbabwe. Methods A quantitative questionnaire was administered to HIV positive Africaid support group attendees. Afterwards, qualitative data were collected from young people aged 15–18 through tape-recorded in-depth interviews (n = 10), 3 focus group discussions (FGDs) and 16 life history narratives. Data were also collected from caregivers, health care workers, and community members through FGDs (n = 6 groups) and in-depth interviews (n = 12). Quantitative data were processed and analysed using STATA 10. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results 229/310 young people completed the quantitative questionnaire (74% participation). Median age was 14 (range 6–18 years); 59% were female. Self-reported adherence to antiretrovirals was sub-optimal. Psychological well being was poor (median score on Shona Symptom Questionnaire 9/14); 63% were at risk of depression. Qualitative findings suggested that challenges faced by positive children include verbal abuse, stigma, and discrimination. While data showed that support group attendance is helpful, young people stressed that life outside the confines of the group was more challenging. Caregivers felt ill-equipped to support the children in their care. These data, combined with a previously validated conceptual framework for family-centred interventions, were used to guide the development of the existing programme of adolescent support groups into a more comprehensive evidence-based psychosocial support programme encompassing caregiver and household members. Conclusions This study allowed us to describe the lived experiences of HIV positive young people and their caregivers in Zimbabwe. The findings contributed to the enhancement of Africaid’s existing programme of support to better promote psychological well being and ART adherence.
Physics of the Mind

Is it possible to turn psychology into “hard science”? Physics of the mind follows the fundamental methodology of physics in all areas where physics have been developed. What is common among Newtonian mechanics, statistical physics, quantum physics, thermodynamics, theory of relativity, astrophysics… and a theory of superstrings? The common among all areas of physics is a methodology of physics discussed in the first few lines of the paper. Is physics of the mind possible? Is it possible to describe the mind based on the few first principles as physics does? The mind with its variabilities and uncertainties, the mind from perception and elementary cognition to emotions and abstract ideas, to high cognition. Is it possible to turn psychology and neuroscience into “hard” sciences? The paper discusses established first principles of the mind, their mathematical formulations, and a mathematical model of the mind derived from these first principles, mechanisms of concepts, emotions, instincts, behavior, language, cognition, intuitions, conscious and unconscious, abilities for symbols, functions of the beautiful and musical emotions in cognition and evolution. Some of the theoretical predictions have been experimentally confirmed. This research won national and international awards. In addition to summarizing existing results the paper describes new development theoretical and experimental. The paper discusses unsolved theoretical problems as well as experimental challenges for future research.
Ac-Ac three-phase drive system based on twelve-leg de-link converter

This paper presents a three-phase AC drive system to cope with three-phase applications in which high performance and reliability are required with reduced dc-link and switch voltages. The proposed topology employs a single isolation transformer processing only part of the total system power. Another interesting characteristic of the system is to adapt its configuration as a function of the machine speed: series mode, the machine is side converter operates in a series configuration at high speed and high voltage and parallel mode, the machine is side converter operates in a parallel configuration at low speed and low voltage. The parallel mode allows for a more balanced modulation index and becomes the drive capable to furnish high current at low speed, interesting for constant mechanical load power applications. The comprehensive model of the proposed systems and modulation strategies are presented. Simulated and experimental results are also presented.
Schizotypal personality traits and attitudes towards Hinduism among Balinese Hindus

The study explored the relationship between schizotypal personality traits and attitude of Hindus towards their faith. A total of 309 Balinese Hindus responded to the Santosh–Francis Scale of Attitude towards Hinduism, the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire Brief, and a number of external indicators and religious practices. Attitude towards Hinduism, frequency of prayer, and temple attendance had a rather weak positive relationship with each other, while prayer behaviour exhibited negative low-to-moderate relationships with schizotypal traits. A hierarchical multiple linear regression model identified the disorganised elements of schizotypy as the primary predictor of the attitude towards Hinduism. Finally, age showed negative associations with schizotypy and positive ones with Hinduism, while women were less schizotypal and had more positive attitude towards their faith than men. These findings suggest the presence of both underlying cross-faith elements and the strong influence of faith- and culture-specific forces on the relationship between religiosity and schizotypy.
Epidemiology of Human Metapneumovirus

SUMMARY Since the discovery of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) in 2001, the virus has been identified worldwide. hMPV is a common respiratory pathogen, particularly in infants and young children. The virus is associated with both upper and lower respiratory tract infections and may be a trigger for asthma. At least two major genotypes of hMPV circulate during community outbreaks. Whether these genotypes represent distinct serotypes remains controversial. The major challenges faced by the medical and scientific communities are the understanding of the pathogenesis of hMPV disease and the development of a safe and effective vaccine to protect against infection and disease caused by this newly recognized respiratory virus.
Ph.D. programs in action research: Can they be housed in universities?

Can universities ever become a greenhouse for education in Action Research? Would it be possible to create Ph.D. programs in Action Research that are loyal to the genuine characteristics of Action Research? The hegemony of conventional researcher education has dominated university activities. Action Research has inherent characteristics that break radically with the academic tradition. The core challenge is to assess whether high-level training in Action Research can find a home in universities. Training action researchers in conventional academic institutions will in itself be an action research project. The paper presents three different AR projects, all aimed at training cohorts of students to become professional Action Researchers through obtaining a Ph.D. The first program started in 1989, the second in 1995, and the new program began in May 2003. The main conclusion is that it is a feasible strategy to create action research learning opportunities within a conventional academic context. This is partly due to a change in conceptualization of what constitutes knowledge, adding onto a stronger demand for practical and useful knowledge. At the local design and implementation level, curriculum design — both collective learning processes and theses that were closely connected to real life change activities — were important factors for success.
Similarity as the Basis for Children's Friendships: The Roles of Sociometric Status, Aggressive and Withdrawn Behavior, Academic Achievement and Demographic Characteristics

The purpose of the present study was to examine similarity in demographic, behavioral, academic and social attributes as descriptors and predictors of children's friendships. The characteristics of all possible pairs of unique classroom dyads (N = 4725) were used to predict reciprocated school, home and best friendship choices among 554 third (M = 9.38 years old) and fourth (M = 10.47 years old) graders. Peer reports of aggressive and withdrawn behavior and sociometric status, teacher reports of poverty, and archival reports of sex, race and academic achievement were obtained. The main finding was that as similarity increased, the likelihood of being friends also increased. Specifically, patterns of gender, race, poverty, aggression, withdrawn behavior, achievement and sociometric status between dyad members were descriptive and predictive of children's friendships.
Circulating transforming growth factor-beta1 levels in asymptomatic carotid plaques.

To the Editor: It was with great interest we read the report by Cipollone et al1 on the role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the process of plaque stabilization. The authors demonstrate that TGF-β mRNA levels are increased up to 3-fold in asymptomatic as compared with symptomatic plaques, with a parallel increase in protein expression at immunocytochemistry and Western blot analyses.1 In addition, TGF-β1 expression was associated with a comparable increase in plaque procollagen and collagen content, thus providing a tangible mechanism of plaque stabilization.1 As Cipollone et al acknowledge in their discussion, one important issue would be to measure systemic levels of TGF-β1 to verify whether a correlation exist between the localized expression and circulating levels of this cytokine; this correlation would suggest a systemic process in these patients rather than a local phenomenon, and probably might add prognostic information to the management of patients with carotid plaques. We have only recently completed reviewing the data collected in a 10-year prospective study of the incidence of major cardiovascular events in 42 patients with asymptomatic low-grade carotid stenosis. Patients were consecutively enrolled over a 1-year period from those presenting at the Department of Internal Medicine of the Palermo University Hospital for ultrasound evaluation (high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography using a 7.5-MHz duplex-type probe; Toshiba) of carotid atherosclerotic involvement because of the presence of at least 1 cardiovascular risk factor. Percent carotid lumen stenosis was graded as low-grade lumen stenosis because of plaque >15% but <50% (intima-media thickness …
Microstructure and Stress Aspects of Electromigration Modeling

The modifications and extensions of standard continuum models used for a description of material transport due to electromigration with models for the copper microstucture are studied. Copper grain boundaries and interfaces are modeled as a network of high diffusivity paths. Additionally, grain boundaries act as sites of vacancy recombination. The connection between mechanical stress and material transport is established for the case of strain build up induced by local vacancy dynamics and the anisotropy of the diffusivity tensor caused by these strains. High diffusivity paths are set on the surfaces of polyhedral domains representing distintcive grains. These polyhedral domains are connected by diffusive, electrical, and mechanical interface models. For a numerical solution a three‐dimensional finite element method is used.
Effects of Light Quality on Morphology, Enzyme Activities, and Bioactive Compound Contents in Anoectochilus roxburghii

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of light quality on the morphological traits, leaf anatomical characteristics, antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase) activities, photosynthetic pigments content, and bioactive compounds (phenols, flavonoids, and polysaccharides) content in Anoectochilus roxburghii. Plants of A. roxburghii were grown under light filtered through four differently colored films for 8 months. The four treatments were red film (RF), blue film (BF), yellow film (YF), and colorless plastic film (control, CK). Compared with the A. roxburghii plants in CK, those in the BF treatment showed significantly greater stem diameter, fresh weight, leaf area, stomatal frequency, chlorophyll content (Chl a, Chl b, Chl a+b), antioxidant enzyme activities, and active compound (polysaccharides, flavones) content. The plants in the RF treatment showed the greatest plant height and phenolics contents. These results show that growing A. roxburghii plants under blue film is a useful technique to improve quality. This technique is conducive to achieving large-scale sustainable production of high-quality plant materials.
Successor Type and Organizational Change in the Corporate Enterprise.

This research examines the hypothesis that corporate organizations experiencing inside succession in the office of the president exhibit less organizational change than firms undergoing outside succession. The type of succession is related to a combined measure of organizational change based on position shifts and personnel turnover in the executive role constellation. The research also controls for background effects from five potentially confounding variables: organizational performance, successor's style of leadership, intensity of operations, organizational size, and administrative growth in the industry. Measurable events of the succession process of the organization are emphasized, rather than the direct observation of social organizational patterns that emerge in the executive group itself. The data base is derived from 208 chemical and allied product corporations which have experienced presidential succession at least once in the ten-year period of analysis. The analysis of the data using the partial gamma coefficient and a modification of the chi-square statistic supports the basic hypothesis.
Language learnability and specific language impairment in children

ABSTRACT Theories of language learnability have focused on “normal” language development, but there is a group of children, termed “specifically language-impaired,” for whom these theories are also appropriate. These children present an interesting learnability problem because they develop language slowly, the intermediate points in their development differ in certain respects from the usual developmental stages, and they do not always achieve the adult level of language functioning. In this article, specifically language-impaired children are treated as normal learners dealing with an input that is distorted in principled ways. When the children are viewed from this perspective, Pinker's (1984) theory can account for many of the features of their language.
Cell-accurate optical mapping across the entire developing heart

Organogenesis depends on orchestrated interactions between individual cells and morphogenically relevant cues at the tissue level. This is true for the heart, whose function critically relies on well-ordered communication between neighbouring cells, which is established and fine-tuned during development. For an integrated understanding of the development of structure and function, we need to move from isolated snap-shot observations of either microscopic or macroscopic parameters to simultaneous and, ideally continuous, cell-to-organ scale imaging. We introduce cell-accurate three-dimensional Ca2+-mapping of all cells in the entire heart during the looping stage in live embryonic zebrafish, using high-speed light sheet microscopy and tailored image processing and analysis. We show how myocardial region-specific heterogeneity in cell function emerges during early development and how structural patterning goes hand-in-hand with functional maturation of the entire heart. Our method opens the way to systematic, scale-bridging, in vivo studies of vertebrate organogenesis by cell-accurate structure-function mapping across entire organs.
Research Paper: Recombinant Temporal Aberration Detection Algorithms for Enhanced Biosurveillance

OBJECTIVE Broadly, this research aims to improve the outbreak detection performance and, therefore, the cost effectiveness of automated syndromic surveillance systems by building novel, recombinant temporal aberration detection algorithms from components of previously developed detectors. METHODS This study decomposes existing temporal aberration detection algorithms into two sequential stages and investigates the individual impact of each stage on outbreak detection performance. The data forecasting stage (Stage 1) generates predictions of time series values a certain number of time steps in the future based on historical data. The anomaly measure stage (Stage 2) compares features of this prediction to corresponding features of the actual time series to compute a statistical anomaly measure. A Monte Carlo simulation procedure is then used to examine the recombinant algorithms' ability to detect synthetic aberrations injected into authentic syndromic time series. RESULTS New methods obtained with procedural components of published, sometimes widely used, algorithms were compared to the known methods using authentic datasets with plausible stochastic injected signals. Performance improvements were found for some of the recombinant methods, and these improvements were consistent over a range of data types, outbreak types, and outbreak sizes. For gradual outbreaks, the WEWD MovAvg7+WEWD Z-Score recombinant algorithm performed best; for sudden outbreaks, the HW+WEWD Z-Score performed best. CONCLUSION This decomposition was found not only to yield valuable insight into the effects of the aberration detection algorithms but also to produce novel combinations of data forecasters and anomaly measures with enhanced detection performance.