Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A secure routing mechanism in AODV for Ad Hoc networks

Ad hoc network is particularly vulnerable due to the lack of any centralized infrastructure. However, the typical on-demand routing protocols for ad hoc networks such as AODV and DSR have no security considerations and trust all the participants to correctly forward routing and data traffic. In this paper, the foundational conception of ad hoc networks and the routing attacks in them are introduced. A secure routing solution based on watchdog mechanism and credence value mechanism is proposed over the AODV. The watchdog mechanism is defined to judge whether a node has abnormal behavior in process of forwarding information. The credence value mechanism is used to evaluate a node's credit standing. The performance of average end-to-end delay, packet drop ratio, routing load and average throughput are proved well by computer simulation.
Compact three phase inverter in Silicon Carbide technology for auxiliary converter used in railway applications

The low switching losses of the Silicon Carbide (SiC) components enable power converter to operate at higher switching frequencies and higher junction temperature. Operating at high switching frequencies enables to reduce volume and weight of passive component. Operating at high junction temperature helps to reduce size and weight of the cooling system or even enables the use of a natural cooling system. As a result, reduction of end-system cost can be achieved. This paper explains difficulties of using Silicon Carbide Power switch working at high switching rate and high junction temperatures. The paper explains how to overcome these difficulties. It demonstrates that it is not obligatory to use high technology gate driver or high temperature power capacitor in a Silicon Carbide converter. The paper demonstrates that if the design of the complete system is “well done”, classical technology could be used. So a “low cost” Silicon Carbide power converter is achievable. Target applications are auxiliary converter for railway applications. An optimized SiC three phase inverter is built. This inverter uses a Silicon Carbide power MOSFET of 1200V and 100A from Cree. Some design and optimization points of the inverter are demonstrated. Experimental results are shown at the end of the paper.
The Role of Extracellular Regulated Kinases I/II in Late-Phase Long-Term Potentiation

Extracellular regulated kinases (ERKI/II), members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family, play a role in long-term memory and long-term potentiation (LTP). ERKI/II is required for the induction of the early phase of LTP, and we show that it is also required for the late phase of LTP in area CA1 in vitro, induced by a protocol of brief, repeated 100 Hz trains. We also show that ERKI/II is necessary for the upregulation of the proteins encoded by the immediate early genes Zif268 andHomer after the induction of LTP in the dentate gyrus by tetanic stimulation of the perforant path in vivo or by BDNF stimulation of primary cortical cultures. To test whether the induction of persistent synaptic plasticity by stimuli such as BDNF is associated with nuclear translocation of ERKI/II, we expressed enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-ERKII in PC12 cell lines and primary cortical cultures. In both preparations, we observed translocation of EGFP-ERKII from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in cells exposed to neurotrophic factors. Our results suggest that the induction of late LTP involves translocation of ERKI/II to the nucleus in which it activates the transcription of immediate early genes. The ability to visualize the cellular redistribution of ERKII after induction of long-term synaptic plasticity may provide a method for visualizing neuronal circuits underlying information storage in the brain in vivo.
Design of a wearable vibrotactile display waist belt

In this paper, the design of a wearable vibrotactile display waist belt that can impart situation awareness information on the user's waist were presented. The hardware of the vibrotactile display consists of 12 tactors attached to an elastic belt and the associated control and drive circuit. A technical overview and experiments of the system is presented as well as preliminary results on tactile perception to evaluate its performance on information transmission. These experiments show that the vibrotactile code scheme for direction is effective in increasing the users' situation awareness.
Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils and Their Isolated Constituents against Cariogenic Bacteria: A Systematic Review

Dental caries remains the most prevalent and costly oral infectious disease worldwide. Several methods have been employed to prevent this biofilm-dependent disease, including the use of essential oils (EOs). In this systematic review, we discuss the antibacterial activity of EOs and their isolated constituents in view of a potential applicability in novel dental formulations. Seven databases were systematically searched for clinical trials, in situ, in vivo and in vitro studies addressing the topic published up to date. Most of the knowledge in the literature is based on in vitro studies assessing the effects of EOs on caries-related streptococci (mainly Streptococcus mutans) and lactobacilli, and on a limited number of clinical trials. The most promising species with antibacterial potential against cariogenic bacteria are: Achillea ligustica, Baccharis dracunculifolia, Croton cajucara, Cryptomeria japonica, Coriandrum sativum, Eugenia caryophyllata, Lippia sidoides, Ocimum americanum, and Rosmarinus officinalis. In some cases, the major phytochemical compounds determine the biological properties of EOs. Menthol and eugenol were considered outstanding compounds demonstrating an antibacterial potential. Only L. sidoides mouthwash (1%) has shown clinical antimicrobial effects against oral pathogens thus far. This review suggests avenues for further non-clinical and clinical studies with the most promising EOs and their isolated constituents bioprospected worldwide.
Laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA): a nonscanning, full-field technique for monitoring capillary blood flow.

A new noninvasive technique for monitoring capillary blood flow has been developed. Based on the phenomenon of time-varying laser speckle, it is a digital version of single-exposure speckle photography. It provides a velocity map of the area of interest in real time without the need for scanning. The results of some initial experiments on volunteers are presented.
IMA Genome-F 4

The genomes of Chrysoporthe austroafricana, Diplodia scrobiculata, Fusarium nygami, Leptographium lundbergii, Limonomyces culmigenus, Stagonosporopsis tanaceti, and Thielaviopsis punctulata are presented in this genome announcement. These seven genomes are from endophytes, plant pathogens and economically important fungal species. The genome sizes range from 26.6 Mb in the case of Leptographium lundbergii to 44 Mb for Chrysoporthe austroafricana. The availability of these genome data will provide opportunities to resolve longstanding questions regarding the taxonomy of species in these genera, and may contribute to our understanding of the lifestyles through comparative studies with closely related organisms.
Near-infrared polarimetric study of the bipolar nebula IRAS 19312+1950

Aims. We have investigated the properties of the central star and dust in the bipolar nebula IRAS 19312+1950, which is an unusual object showing the characteristics of a supergiant, a young stellar object, and an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star. Methods. We obtained H-band polarimetric data of IRAS 19312+1950 using the near-infrared camera (CIAO) on the 8 m Subaru telescope. In order to investigate the physical properties of the central star and the nebula, we performed radiative transfer modeling and compared the model results with the observed spectral energy distributions (SEDs), the radial profiles of the total intensity image, and the fraction of linear polarization map. Results. The total intensity image shows a nearly spherical core with ∼3 �� radius, an S-shaped arm extending ∼10 �� in the northwest to southeast direction, and an extended lobe towards the southwest. The polarization map shows a centro-symmetric vector alignment in almost the entire nebula and low polarizations along the S-shaped arm. These results suggest that the nebula is accompanied by a central star, and the S-shaped arm has a physically ring-like structure. From our radiative transfer modeling, we estimated the stellar
Disease outbreak detection through clique covering on a weighted ICPC-coded graph

Even after a decade of increased research into the problem of detecting disease outbreaks, we lack a system that can limit the number of patients affected by a potential epidemic by recognising its existence at an early stage. In this paper we suggest the use of a weighted graph representing symptoms with an exceptionally high prevalence. Cliques with high weighted edges in such a graph will represent groups of symptoms that occur together more often than usual. As a result each clique will represent the main symptoms of a disease with a high incidence rate. This will make it easier to diagnose the nature of an outbreak, to reach the affected patients at an early stage and to distinguish between outbreaks occurring simultaneously.
PARCEL-BASED APPROACHES TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF FINE SPATIAL RESOLUTION IMAGERY: EXAMPLE METHODOLOGIES USING HRSC-A DATA

Large amounts of remotely sensed data are collected from airborne platforms with spatial resolutions from 2 m down to 15 cm and similar satellite systems are coming on line. Conventionally they have been analysed by manual airphoto interpretation techniques, which are time-consuming, subjective and expensive, therefore it is likely that semi- automated approaches will be attempted. Data with a fine spatial resolution would appear to be a major advantage for mapping as the proportion of mixed land cover pixels is reduced. It does, however, present a new set of problems related to how these types of data should be analysed using automated and semi-automated techniques.
The effect of physical activity on serum IL-6 and vaspin levels in late elementary school children

[Purpose] This study investigates the effects of physical activity on serum IL-6 and vaspin in late elementary school children. [Methods] Those who (n = 220) completed the 7-day physical activity monitoring underwent a second round of measurements including body fat, serum glucose and insulin, and serum IL-6 and vaspin. One way ANOVAs followed by LSD post hoc tests were used to test for significant differences in dependent variables across incremental physical activity levels at p=0.05. Multivariate stepwise linear regression analyses were used to determine significant predictors for serum IL-6 and vaspin levels at p=0.05. [Results] The results showed significant inverse linear trends for body fat parameters across incremental physical activity levels (from low to high); the lower the body fat, the higher the physical activity levels. On the other hand, there were no significant linear trends for insulin resistance markers or dietary intake across incremental physical activity levels. Multiple stepwise linear regression analyses were used to determine significant predictors for individual variations in serum IL-6 and vaspin in the study population. We found that body mass index (p=0.002) and low- and moderate-intensity physical activities (p=0.002 and p=0.0045, respectively) were significant determinants of serum IL-6. In addition, low- and moderate-intensity physical activities (p=0.01 & p=0.022, respectively) were significant determinants of serum vaspin levels in this study population. [Conclusion] In summary, the findings of the current study suggest that promotion of physical activity along with a healthy diet should be key components of lifestyle interventions to improve serum cytokine profiles associated with insulin resistance syndrome in late elementary school children.
Nonserial dynamic programming is optimal

We show that nonserial dynamic programming is optimal among one class of algorithms for an important class of discrete optimization problems. We consider discrete, multivariate, optimization problems in which the objective function is given as a sum of terms. Each term is a function of only a subset of the variables. We first consider a class of optimization algorithms which eliminate suboptimal solutions by comparing the objective function on “comparable” partial solutions. A large, natural subclass of comparison algorithms in which the subproblems considered are either nested or nonadjacent (i.e., noninteracting) is then defined. It is shown that a variable-elimination procedure, nonserial dynamic programming, is optimal in an extremely strong sense among all algorithms in the subclass. The results' strong implications for choosing deterministic, adaptive, and nondeterministic algorithms for the optimization problem, for defining a complexity measure for a pattern of interactions, and for describing general classes of decomposition procedures are discussed. Several possible extensions and unsolved problems are mentioned.
Necrotic Cells Actively Attract Phagocytes through the Collaborative Action of Two Distinct PS-Exposure Mechanisms

Necrosis, a kind of cell death closely associated with pathogenesis and genetic programs, is distinct from apoptosis in both morphology and mechanism. Like apoptotic cells, necrotic cells are swiftly removed from animal bodies to prevent harmful inflammatory and autoimmune responses. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, gain-of-function mutations in certain ion channel subunits result in the excitotoxic necrosis of six touch neurons and their subsequent engulfment and degradation inside engulfing cells. How necrotic cells are recognized by engulfing cells is unclear. Phosphatidylserine (PS) is an important apoptotic-cell surface signal that attracts engulfing cells. Here we observed PS exposure on the surface of necrotic touch neurons. In addition, the phagocytic receptor CED-1 clusters around necrotic cells and promotes their engulfment. The extracellular domain of CED-1 associates with PS in vitro. We further identified a necrotic cell-specific function of CED-7, a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family, in promoting PS exposure. In addition to CED-7, anoctamin homolog-1 (ANOH-1), the C. elegans homolog of the mammalian Ca2+-dependent phospholipid scramblase TMEM16F, plays an independent role in promoting PS exposure on necrotic cells. The combined activities from CED-7 and ANOH-1 ensure efficient exposure of PS on necrotic cells to attract their phagocytes. In addition, CED-8, the C. elegans homolog of mammalian Xk-related protein 8 also makes a contribution to necrotic cell-removal at the first larval stage. Our work indicates that cells killed by different mechanisms (necrosis or apoptosis) expose a common “eat me” signal to attract their phagocytic receptor(s); furthermore, unlike what was previously believed, necrotic cells actively present PS on their outer surfaces through at least two distinct molecular mechanisms rather than leaking out PS passively.
Evaluation of an Embodied Conversational Agent with Affective Behavior

The aim of the experimental study described in this paper is to investigate the effect of an Embodied Conversational Agent (ECA) on the affective state of users. The agent expresses affect by verbal and nonverbal behaviors such as linguistic style and gestures. In this study, we focus on users’ emotional state that is derived from physiological signals of the user. Our results suggest that an agent with appropriate verbal and nonverbal behaviors may decrease the intensity of users’ negative emotions.
A perceptual kalman filtering-based approach for speech enhancement

A new approach for single channel speech enhancement based on Kalman filtering and masking properties of the human auditory system is proposed in the paper. A standard time-varying Kalman filtering method is extended by combining the calculation of noise masking thresholds during the process of parameter updating. Simulation results of a traditional spectral subtraction method, an extended spectral subtraction with masking properties method, a standard Kalman filtering based method, and the new proposed approach are computed and compared. The new approach has no delay and better perceptual evaluation of speech quality scores (PESQ, ITU-T P.862), with no voice activity detection (VAD) required. The PESQ score improvement obtained by the proposed method is about 0.3 compared with the original noisy signal. The new approach can produce PESQ scores of 0.1 to 0.2 better than the standard Kalman filtering method.
Influence of Interleukin-1 Beta on Platelet-Poor Plasma Clot Formation: A Potential Impact on Early Bone Healing

Objectives Hematoma quality (especially the fibrin matrix) plays an important role in the bone healing process. Here, we investigated the effect of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) on fibrin clot formation from platelet-poor plasma (PPP). Methods Five-milliliter of rat whole-blood samples were collected from the hepatic portal vein. All blood samples were firstly standardized via a thrombelastograph (TEG), blood cell count, and the measurement of fibrinogen concentration. PPP was prepared by collecting the top two-fifths of the plasma after centrifugation under 400 × g for 10 min at 20°C. The effects of IL-1β cytokines on artificial fibrin clot formation from PPP solutions were determined by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), confocal microscopy (CM), turbidity, and clot lysis assays. Results The lag time for protofibril formation was markedly shortened in the IL-1β treatment groups (243.8 ± 76.85 in the 50 pg/mL of IL-1β and 97.5 ± 19.36 in the 500 pg/mL of IL-1β) compared to the control group without IL-1β (543.8 ± 205.8). Maximal turbidity was observed in the control group. IL-1β (500 pg/mL) treatment significantly decreased fiber diameters resulting in smaller pore sizes and increased density of the fibrin clot structure formed from PPP (P < 0.05). The clot lysis assay revealed that 500 pg/mL IL-1β induced a lower susceptibility to dissolution due to the formation of thinner and denser fibers. Conclusion IL-1β can significantly influence PPP fibrin clot structure, which may affect the early bone healing process.
Heterocyclic compounds useful as mk2 inhibitors

The present invention describes tetracyclic compounds of formula (IA) or (IB), wherein the symbols R, X, A, Y, R2, R3 and D are as defined in the specification, their use in the treatment of certain diseases, e.g. depending on MK-2 or TNF activity, and ways of manufacturing them.
Study on Sentence Relations in the Automatic Detection of Argumentation in Legal Cases

We report the results of experiments which prove that the analysis of relations between sentences increase the accuracy in the automatic detection of arguments in legal cases. We treat the search of arguments as a classification problem. Our corpus is a human-annotated and automatically-extracted test set from a collection of legal cases of the European Court of Human Rights. We obtain an increment around 8% in the general accuracy compared to previous experiments due to the addition of new features that study the relations between the text sentences.
Recent Developments in Superresolution

Super resolution imaging refers to inferring the missing high resolution image from low resolution image(s). Super resolution methods are generally classified into reconstruction based and learning based methods. This paper focuses on recent developments in Image Superresolution in both reconstruction based and learning based methods and also discusses about the research in Superresolution algorithm evaluation using image quality measures. Keywords-Reconstruction based Super-Resolution; Learning based Super-Resolution; Super-Resolution.
Neurotrophins act at presynaptic terminals to activate synapses among cultured hippocampal neurons

We have recently demonstrated that embryonic E16 hippocampal neurons grown in cultures are unable to form fast synaptic connections unless treated with BDNF or NT‐3. This experimental system offers an opportunity to define the roles of neurotrophins in processes leading to formation of functional synaptic connections. We have used ultrastructural and electrophysiological methods to explore the cellular locations underlying neurotrophin action on synaptic maturation. The rate of spontaneous miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) evoked by hyperosmotic stimulation was 7–16‐fold higher in neurotrophin‐treated cells than in controls. In addition, the potent neurotransmitter‐releasing drug α‐latrotoxin was virtually ineffective in the control cells while it stimulated synaptic events in neurotrophin‐treated cells. Likewise, the membrane‐bound dye FM1‐43 was taken up by terminals in neurotrophin‐treated cultures five‐fold more than in controls. Both the total number and the number of docked synaptic vesicles were increased by neurotrophin treatment. Activation of synaptic responses by neurotrophins occurred even when postsynaptic glutamate receptors and action potential discharges were pharmacologically blocked. These results are consistent with a presynaptic locus of action of neurotrophins to increase synaptic vesicle density which is critical for rapid synaptic transmission. They also suggest that neurotrophins can activate synapses in the absence of pre‐ and postsynaptic neuronal activity.
Parallel Distributed Processing of Constrained Skyline Queries by Filtering

Skyline queries are capable of retrieving interesting points from a large data set according to multiple criteria. Most work on skyline queries so far has assumed a centralized storage, whereas in practice relevant data are often distributed among geographically scattered sites. In this work, we tackle constrained skyline queries in large-scale distributed environments without the assumption of any overlay structures, and propose a novel algorithm named PaDSkyline (Parallel distributed Skyline query processing). PaDSkyline significantly shortens the response time by performing parallel processing over site groups produced by a partition algorithm. Within each group, it locally optimizes the query processing over distributed sites. It also drastically enhances the network transmission efficiency by performing early reduction of skyline candidates with deliberately selected multiple filtering points. Results of extensive experiments demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of our proposals.
Conversation Analysis at the fair

The authors of the ‘Conversational Rollercoaster’ article give a vivid and engaging account of a difficult but worthwhile exercise: bringing live Conversation Analysis (CA) to the public in a Science Fair. Part of their motivation is a claim that CA is uniquely qualified for such exhibition: as a mode of enquiry, it has what they call a ‘public ethos’. I examine that part of their case and suggest that it might not be as waterproof as it appears. But, such qualms ought not detract from the positive benefits of sharing CA’s attractions with the public. The manifest success of the event, and its grounding in solid CA practice, is enough reason to hope that others will be inspired to follow in these pioneers’ footsteps.