Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Could a combinatorial optimization problem be solved with a differential equation

El Problema del Viajante puede plantearse a partir del modelo de red neuronal continuo de Hopfield, que determina una solucion de equilibrio para una ecuacion diferencial con parametros desconocidos. En el articulo se detalla el procedimiento de determinacion de dichos parametros con el fin de asegurar que la solucion de la ecuacion diferencial proporcione soluciones validas para el Problema del Viajante.
Security-aware adaptive dynamic source routing protocol

We present SADSR (security-aware adaptive DSR), a secure routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. SADSR authenticates the routing protocol messages using digital signatures based on asymmetric cryptography. The basic idea behind SADSR is to have multiple routes to each destination and store a local trust value for each node in the network. A trust value is assigned to each path based on trust values of the nodes which occur on that path. The paths with higher trust values are preferred for routing. We implemented our approach in ns2 simulator and compared the performance of SADSR and DSR. Our results show that in the presence of malicious nodes SADSR outperforms DSR in packet delivery ratio with an acceptable network load.
Role of Leptin in the Activation of Immune Cells

Adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ that secretes various humoral factors (adipokines), and its shift to production of proinflammatory cytokines in obesity likely contributes to the low-level systemic inflammation that may be present in metabolic syndrome-associated chronic pathologies such as atherosclerosis. Leptin is one of the most important hormones secreted by adipocytes, with a variety of physiological roles related to the control of metabolism and energy homeostasis. One of these functions is the connection between nutritional status and immune competence. The adipocyte-derived hormone leptin has been shown to regulate the immune response, innate and adaptive response, both in normal and pathological conditions. The role of leptin in regulating immune response has been assessed in vitro as well as in clinical studies. It has been shown that conditions of reduced leptin production are associated with increased infection susceptibility. Conversely, immune-mediated disorders such as autoimmune diseases are associated with increased secretion of leptin and production of proinflammatory pathogenic cytokines. Thus, leptin is a mediator of the inflammatory response.
The evolution of the timing properties of the black-hole transient GX 339-4 during its 2002/2003 outburst

We present the results of the timing and color analysis of more than two hundred RXTE/PCA observations of the bright black-hole transient GX 339-4 obtained during its 2002/2003 outburst. The color-intensity evolution of the system, coupled to the properties of its fast time variability, allow the identification of four separate states. Depending on the state, strong noise is detected, together with a variety of quasi-periodic oscillations at frequencies from 0.2 to 8 Hz. We present a characterization of the timing parameters of these states and compare them to what has been observed in other systems. These results, together with those obtained from energy spectra, point towards a common evolution of black-hole transients through their outbursts.
EBSD Microstructure Mapping of Zr47.5Cu45.5Al5Co2 Bulk Metallic Glass Matrix Composite to Ascertain the Effect of Inoculation in Promoting Crystallinity

Bulk metallic glass matrix composites have emerged as competent structural material of future bearing potential structural applications. However, the optimum percentage of crystallinity required to produce enough toughness that it can serve as structural component is still a matter of debate. In this study, an effort is made to address this problem by inoculation. A controlled amount of carefully selected inoculant is introduced in Zr47.5Cu45. 5Al5Co2 bulk metallic glass matrix composite during melting and solidification. Its effect in promoting crystallinity is checked by detailed electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) mapping. Proper pattern capture, background correction, binning, Hough space transformation, step size selection, indexing and matching with well-defined crystal structure files have shown to reflect upon map quality. This shows and bears direct relation with effect of inoculation. Results from two independent laboratories are reported. Inoculation treatment is shown to be advantageous.
Escaping from Blocking: A Dynamic Virtual Channel for Pipelined Routers

The virtual channel flow control approach provides an efficient way for the high throughput of the on-chip routers. However, allocating the virtual channels (VCs) statically results in a waste of the area and energy consumption. To remedy this drawback, we propose a novel dynamic virtual channel architecture (DVCA) in this paper. By inspecting the physical link state and speculating the packet transferring, it dispenses a variable number of VCs to escape the head-ofline (HOL) blockings to maximize the throughput, and avoids the useless VC allocations to reduce the packet latencies. In its implementation, the VC allocation unit, the switch allocation unit as well as the VC control unit are modified to complete the DVCA router design. Then, under the 90nm CMOS process, the proposed routers using 50% buffers provide 6.2% throughput increase and 4.1% latency decrease averagely with the savings of 30.9% area and 31.3% power consumption compared to traditional routers.
Mining a corpus of biographical texts using keywords

Using statistically derived keywords to characterize texts has become an important research method for digital humanists and corpus linguists in areas such as literary analysis and the exploration of genre difference. Keywords—and the associated concepts of 'keyness' and `key-keyness'-have inspired conferences and workshops, many and varied research papers, and are central to several modern corpus processing tools. In this article, we present evidence that (at least for the task of biographical sentence classification) frequent words characterize texts better than keywords or key-keywords. Using the naive Bayes learning algorithm in conjunction with frequency-, keyword-, and key-keyword-based text representation to classify a corpus of biographical sentences, we discovered that the use of frequent words alone provided a classification accuracy better than either the keyword or key-keyword representations at a statistically significant level. This result suggests that (for the biographical sentence classification task at least) frequent words characterize texts better than keywords derived using more computationally intensive methods.
Middle Ear Surgery in Thuringia, Germany: A Population-Based Regional Study on Epidemiology and Outcome

Objective To evaluate population-based data on incidence and efficiency of middle ear surgery. Study Design Retrospective review. Setting All otolaryngology departments in one federal state in Germany. Patients All 1,037 middle ear surgeries performed in Thuringia in 2005. Interventions Middle ear surgery. Main Outcome Measure Analysis of preoperative and postoperative audiometric results, preoperative diagnostics, and postoperative complications. Univariate statistical tests were used to analyze predictors for air-bone gap (ABG) improvement, complications, and need for resurgery. Population data were used to calculate incidences of middle ear diseases admitted for surgery and annual rates of middle ear surgeries. Results ABG improved after surgery for chronic otitis media without and with cholesteatoma, otosclerosis, trauma cases, or complication after acute otitis media/externa (p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001; p = 0.005; p = 0.004; respectively). Middle ear surgery significantly improved bone conduction in cases of otosclerosis (p = 0.008), sudden deafness (p = 0.006), and acute otitis media/externa with complication (p = 0.004). There was a trend of more complication in patients older than 60 years (p = 0.055). Surgery was indicated for chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma in 17.4/100,000 persons, for cholesteatoma in 15.0/100,000, for otosclerosis in 5.7/100,000, for sudden deafness with suspicion of perilymph fistula in 1.5/100,000, and for trauma with affection of the lateral cranial base and hearing loss or otitis media with complication in 1.3/100,000 habitants, respectively. A cochlear implant was indicated in 1.0/100,000 habitants. Conclusion This population based analysis is showing that middle ear surgery is performed country-wide with good results and low risk on important scale in daily routine by ear surgeons.
The predictive value of steatosis in hepatitis C virus infection

Steatosis is a complication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the mechanisms of its development are complex, involving viral and host factors. Steatosis that is prevalently viral is associated with HCV genotype 3, and steatosis that is prevalently metabolic is associated with non-3 genotypes. Viral steatosis is correlated with the level of HCV replication, whereas metabolic steatosis is related to insulin resistance. The two types of steatosis have a different impact on HCV disease and may have an additive effect. HCV infection is a multifaceted disease with hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations. There is a body of evidence indicating that HCV-related steatosis plays a role in many HCV manifestations and, thus, the presence of steatosis is a predictive factor for the development of such events. The current data show that HCV-related steatosis predicts an advanced liver disease and a more rapid progression of fibrosis, as well as an increased risk of development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Moreover, the presence of steatosis in a HCV patient has a high predictive value that the subject may have or may develop insulin resistance, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Recently, a strict association between HCV-related steatosis and development of atherosclerosis has been demonstrated. In addition, steatosis negatively impacts response rate to interferon-based treatment, even in HCV genotype-3 infection. Therapeutic strategies to improve steatosis and, consequently, response to standard antiviral therapy and outcome of disease are wanted. The authors summarize current knowledge of impact of steatosis on the above reported clinical conditions associated with HCV infection.
Normal mucus formation requires cAMP‐dependent HCO3− secretion and Ca2+‐mediated mucin exocytosis

• HCO3− is required for gel‐forming mucins to form normal mucus, but how? • Two apparently separate signalling pathways are activated concurrently to bring mucus formation to completion: a Ca2+‐mediated pathway mainly directs goblet cell exocytosis, and an independent cAMP‐mediated pathway stimulates HCO3− secretion to help discharge exocytosed mucus. • cAMP‐dependent HCO3− secretion fails, disrupting the normal formation and discharge of mucins in cystic fibrosis (CF) leading to pathologically viscous and tenacious mucus in affected organs. • This work advances our understanding of the role of cAMP (CFTR)‐dependent HCO3− secretion in forming normal mucus and underscores a new importance of addressing the defect in HCO3− secretion as a critical new therapeutic target in CF.
Martian surface/near‐surface water inventory: Sources, sinks, and changes with time

Today, a 34 m global equivalent water layer (GEL) lies in the Martian polar‐layered deposits and shallow ground ice. During the Amazonian, 3 m was outgassed, and 31 m was lost to space and to the surface, leaving 62 m at the end of Hesperian. During the Hesperian, volcanic outgassing added 5 m, 7 m was lost, and 40 m GEL of groundwater was added to form outflow channels, leaving 24 m carryover of surface water from the Noachian into the Hesperian. The Hesperian budget is incompatible with a northern ocean during this era. These figures are for near‐surface water; substantial amounts of water may have existed as deep ground ice and groundwater. Our estimate of approximately 24 m near‐surface water in the Late Noachian is insufficient to support an ocean at that time also and favors episodic melting of an icy highlands to produce the fluvial and lacustrine features.
Immunoneutralization of Inhibin in Cycling Rats Increases Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Secretion, Stimulates the Ovary and Attenuates Progesterone Receptor-Dependent Preovulatory Luteinizing Hormone Secretion

Passive immunization against inhibin with an anti-inhibin serum (AIS) during the diestrous phase in cycling rats increased follicle-stimulating hormone secretion, stimulated the ovaries and reduced the magnitude of the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in the afternoon of proestrus. The involvement of gonadotrope progesterone receptor (PR) expression/action in the inhibitory effects of the follicle-stimulating hormone-dependent putative ovarian factor gonadotropin surge-attenuating factor on preovulatory LH secretion was studied in the absence of circulating free inhibin. Proestrous pituitaries from rats injected with AIS or a non-immune serum (NIS) were studied for determination of PR-AB and PR-B mRNAs by RT-PCR and PR-B and PR-A isoform proteins by Western blot. In addition, pituitaries from AIS- and NIS-injected rats were incubated and studied for PR-dependent LH secretion parameters: LH-releasing hormone (LHRH)-stimulated LH secretion, progesterone-potentiated LHRH-stimulated LH secretion and LHRH self-priming. Also, the effects of the antiprogestagen RU486 on these LH secretion parameters were evaluated and compared with those of AIS. Finally, gonadotrope PR phosphorylation was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results showed that the hyperstimulated ovaries of AIS-injected rats produce a factor, different from inhibin, that blocked LHRH self-priming and P-potentiation of LHRH-stimulated LH secretion. These effects were not due to decreased pituitary PR mRNAs, PR protein expression or PR protein B/A ratio. The inhibitory effect of AIS on PR-dependent LH secretion seemed to be due to gonadotrope PR dephosphorylation. Taken together, the findings indicated that the putative gonadotropin surge-attenuating factor affected LH surge through an inhibition of PR phosphorylation/action but not PR expression.
Blocking Pro-Cell-Death Signal Pathways to Conserve Hearing

The programmed cell death of stress-damaged auditory hair cells can occur through a variety of signal pathways, and therapeutic modalities that block pro-cell-death pathways are being developed and evaluated for hearing preservation. Because of their ability to have both anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic actions, corticosteroids have long been used to protect against several types of acute sensorineural hearing loss. Other anti-apoptotic drugs that target the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/c-Jun-N terminal kinase (JNK) signal cascade, such as D-JNKI-1 (AM-111) and SP600125, have produced promising results both in vitro and in laboratory animal studies, with AM-111 showing promise in preliminary clinical trials. Antioxidant drugs, e.g. sodium thiosulfate, N-acetylcysteine, and D-methionine, have been shown in animal studies to attenuate permanent threshold shifts in hearing by reducing oxidative stress. In addition to reviewing selected therapeutic trends for the conservation of hearing, we review our experiences with dexamethasone and D-JNKI-1 and report results from our current research.
Bit-level partial evaluation of synchronous circuits

Partial evaluation has been known for some time to be very effective when applied to software; in this paper we demonstrate that it can also be usefully applied to hardware. We present a bit-level algorithm that supports the offline partial evaluation of synchronous digital circuits. Full PE of combinational logic is noted to be equivalent to Boolean minimisation. A loop unrolling technique, supporting both partial and full unrolling, is described. Experimental results are given, showing that partial evaluation of a simple micro-processor against a ROM image is equivalent to compiling the ROM program directly into low level hardware.
Design and Implementation of a Modular Self-Reconfigurable Robot

This paper presents the design and implementation of a new modular self-reconfigurable robot. The single module has three joints and can perform rectilinear motion, lateral shift, lateral rolling, and rotation. A flexible pin-hole-based docking mechanism is designed for self-assembly. With the proposed infrared-sensor-based docking method, multiple modules can be self-assembled to form versatile configurations. The modules communicate with each other through ZigBee protocols. The locomotion planning and geometry analysis of the single module are presented in detail and the efficiency of the single module's mobility is also demonstrated by experimental results. In automatic docking experiments with two modules, the proposed method is shown to be able to achieve an average success rate of 78% within the effective region. The average time of the docking process is reduced to 75 s. The maximum velocity of the I-shaped robot is up to 3.6 cm/s and the maximum velocity of the X-shaped robot is 4.8 cm/s. The detach-dock method for I-to-X transformation planning is also verified. The ZigBee-based communication system can achieve 100% receiving rate at 55 ms transformation interval.
Bidirectional transendothelial migration of monocytes across hepatic sinusoidal endothelium shapes monocyte differentiation and regulates the balance between immunity and tolerance in liver

Monocytes are versatile cells that can fulfill proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory functions when recruited to the liver. Recruited monocytes differentiate into tissue macrophages and dendritic cells, which sample antigens and migrate to lymph nodes to elicit T‐cell responses. The signals that determine monocyte differentiation and the role of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HSECs) in this process are poorly understood. HSECs are known to modulate T‐cell activation, which led us to investigate whether transendothelial migration of monocytes across HSECs influences their phenotype and function. Subsets of blood‐derived monocytes were allowed to transmigrate across human HSECs into a collagen matrix. Most migrated cells remained in the subendothelial matrix, but ∼10% underwent spontaneous basal to apical transendothelial migration. The maturation, cytokine secretion, and T‐cell stimulatory capacity of reverse transmigrating (RT) and subendothelial (SE) monocytes were compared. SE monocytes were mainly CD16–, whereas 75%‐80% of RT monocytes were CD16+. SE monocytes derived from the CD14++CD16− subset and exhibited high phagocytic activity, whereas RT monocytes originated from CD14++CD16+ and CD14+CD16++ monocytes, displayed an immature dendritic cell–like phenotype (CD11cposHLA‐DRposCD80loCD86lo), and expressed higher levels of chemokine (C‐C motif) receptor 8. Consistent with a dendritic cell phenotype, RT monocytes secreted inflammatory cytokines and induced antigen‐specific CD4+ T‐cell activation. In contrast, SE monocytes suppressed T‐cell proliferation and activation and exhibited endotoxin tolerance. Transcriptome analysis underscored the functional differences between SE and RT monocytes. Conclusions: Migration across HSECs shapes the subsequent fate of monocytes, giving rise to anergic macrophage‐like cells in tissue and the release of immunocompetent pre–dendritic cells into the circulation. (Hepatology 2016;63:233–246)
Linear Elastic Lateral Buckling (Including Shear Deformation) and Linear Elastic Lateral Torsional Buckling of Composite Beams - an Analytical Engineering Approach

This article outlines a concise and complete versatile novel analytical framework to quickly and effectively assess lateral shear (knik) and lateral torsional buckling (kip) of composite beams build of sections with different lengths. The adjective "composite" includes dissimilar beam cross-sections (beam profiles) and distinct beam materials. The major aim is to provide engineers with an accurate, simple but elegant, practically applicable and analytical beam buckling tool based on advanced solid theoretical propositions or background. The justification of the analytical theory is supplied by demonstration of executed numerical tests (i.e. finite element method), which affirm the validity of the proposed analytical buckling models adapted to the considered beam buckling cases.
Generic Models of Logic Programs

The notion of minima] Herbrand models can be generalized to goal-generic models A, which have the property that P (= V ( i i A • • • A L n ) iff A |= V(Li A • •• A Ln ) , where P is a program and + L i , . , L n is a goal. In the first part of this paper we characterize a large class of goal-generic models for definite Horn programs. These are minimal models which satisfy Clark's Equality Theory and which contain an infinite number of 'unnamed' elements. Predictably, the situation deteriorates when negation is allowed. There are simple stratified programs like Q = {p(0)+-; q(0)<—<p(x); r(0)«—'q(O) } with no perfect model A mch that, for all normal goals «—Li,. ,Ln, PERF(Q) |= V(Li A • • • A L n ) iff A \= V(Li A • • • A Ln). However, there do exist two models A, B such that PERF(Q) f= V(Li A • • • A Ln) iff {A, B} \= V(Li A • • • A £„) , suggesting the conjecture that all stratified programs P have finite goal-generic models sets in PERF(P). In the second part of this paper we show that this conjecture is false. The proof depends on a characterization of model domain elements by way of Cauchy term sequences, a finitary treatment of infinite terms. A model A realizes a Cauchy term sequence T = {U)ieN if there is some element in the domain of A which is an instance of every term in T, and A omits T otherwise. Basic results from model theory show that the models of Clark's Equality Theory display a rich variety in their realization and omission of Cauchy term sequences. We give a program P which can determine if a model rrjiir^ any given computable Cauchy sequence, and show that P is a counterexample to the conjecture.
Incidence of elbow dislocations in the United States population.

BACKGROUND There is minimal published information regarding the epidemiology of simple elbow dislocations. The purpose of this study was to report the estimated incidence of elbow dislocations in the United States, with use of the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database. METHODS The NEISS database includes 102 hospitals representing a random sampling of all patients presenting to U.S. emergency departments. The database was queried for elbow dislocation events. NEISS data for 2002 through 2006 were used for raw data and weighted injury counts. Incidence rates with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated by age group and sex, with use of U.S. census data. RESULTS One thousand and sixty-six elbow dislocations were identified, representing a weighted estimate of 36,751 acute dislocations nationwide. A calculated incidence of 5.21 dislocations per 100,000 person-years (95% CI, 4.74 to 5.68) was noted. The highest incidence of elbow dislocations (43.5%) occurred in those who were ten to nineteen years old (6.87 per 100,000 person-years; 95% CI, 5.97 to 7.76). The incidence rate ratio for the comparison of dislocations in males with those in females was 1.02 (5.26 per 100,000 for males and 5.16 per 100,000 for females). In patients ten years or older, 474 injuries (44.5% of total dislocations) were sustained in sports. Males dislocated elbows in football, wrestling, and basketball. Females sustained elbow dislocations most frequently in gymnastics and skating activities. CONCLUSIONS The estimated incidence of elbow dislocations in the U.S. population is 5.21 per 100,000 person-years, with use of a national database. Adolescent males are at highest risk for dislocation. Nearly half of acute elbow dislocations occurred in sports, with males at highest risk with football, and females at risk with gymnastics and skating activities.