Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistical Anomaly Detection in Human Dynamics Monitoring Using a Hierarchical Dirichlet Process Hidden Markov Model

Understanding of human dynamics has drawn attention to various areas. The wide spread of positioning technologies, such as GPS facilitates location information to be obtained with high spatio-temporal resolution as well as at low costs. By collecting individual location information in real time, monitoring of human dynamics has recently become possible and is expected to the area of dynamic traffic control. In this monitoring, detecting anomalous states of human dynamics become important. This research aims to define an anomaly detection problem of the human dynamics monitoring with time-series gridded population data and develop an anomaly detection method for this problem. According to the result of a review we have conducted, we discussed the characteristics of the anomaly detection in human dynamics monitoring and categorized our problem to a semi-supervised anomaly detection problem that detects contextual anomalies behind time-series data. We developed an anomaly detection method based on a sticky hierarchical Dirichlet process hidden Markov model, which is able to estimate the number of latent states according to the input data. Results of the experiment with synthetic data showed that our proposed method has good fundamental performance with respect to the detection rate. Through the experiments with real gridded population data, anomalies were detected when and where an actual social event had occurred.
Prospective Study of 68Ga-DOTATATE Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Detecting Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors and Unknown Primary Sites.

PURPOSE Gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEPNETs) are increasing in incidence, and accurate staging is important for selecting the appropriate treatment. (68)Ga-DOTATATE imaging is a promising approach for detecting GEPNETs and could help in selecting optimal therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study was to prospectively determine the clinical utility of (68)Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in detecting unknown primary and metastatic GEPNETs. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred thirty-one patients were enrolled in a prospective study of patients undergoing (68)Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, (111)In-pentetreotide single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT and multiphasic CT scan, and/or magnetic resonance imaging in a blinded fashion with comprehensive biochemical testing. The primary outcome measure was the detection of lesions by each imaging study. RESULTS (68)Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT imaging detected 95.1% of lesions (95% CI, 92.4% to 96.8%) with an average maximum standardized uptake value of 65.4 ± 47 (range, 6.9 to 244), anatomic imaging detected 45.3% of lesions (95% CI, 37.9% to 52.9%), and (111)In-pentetreotide SPECT/CT detected 30.9% of lesions (95% CI, 25.0% to 37.5%), with a significant difference between imaging modalities (P < .001). In four of 14 patients (28.6%), (68)Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT found a previously unknown primary tumor, and detected primary GEPNET, lymph node, and distant metastases correctly in 72 of 113 lesions (63.7%) when compared with histopathology, with 22.1% and 38.9% detected by using (111)In-pentetreotide SPECT/CT and anatomic imaging, respectively. On the basis of findings with (68)Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, 43 of 131 patients (32.8%) had a change in management recommendation. In patients with carcinoid symptoms but negative biochemical testing, (68)Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT detected lesions in 65.2% of patients, 40% of which were detected neither by anatomic imaging nor by (111)In-pentetreotide SPECT/CT. CONCLUSION (68)Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT imaging provides important information for accurate staging of GEPNETs and selection of appropriate treatment interventions even in the absence of biochemical evidence of disease in symptomatic patients.
Marked Thrombosis and Calcification of Porcine Heterograft Valves

Prosthetic valvular dysfunction resulting in clinically significant complications occurred in six patients with Hancock porcine heterografts. In one patient with a prosthetic valve in the aortic position, massive prosthetic thrombosis resulted in sudden death. In two patients who had a mitral prosthesis, thrombosis resulted in congestive heart failure and systemic embolization; in one of the latter patients, the thrombi were infected with Candida sp. Calcification of organizing thrombi and cusp tissue resulted in valvular stenosis and congestive heart failure in one patient with an aortic prosthesis and in two patients with mitral prostheses. Four of the six patients died. The prosthetic valves had been in place for 6 months to 3 years before onset of complications. During the same 4-year interval, over 400 porcine prostheses were inserted. This report provides further clarification of the nature and frequency of clinical complications related to degeneration and thrombosis of Hancock porcine heterograft valves.
A comparison of MLP, RNN and ESN in determining harmonic contributions from nonlinear loads

With the wide use of power electronics devices, harmonic currents are being injected into the power system, known as ldquoharmonic pollutionrdquo. Although IEEE standards have required the utilities and customers to limit the amount of harmonic current and voltage, the practical evaluation is complicated, as it is difficult to separate the contributions from the utilities and customers. A neural-network-based harmonic current prediction scheme was previously proposed by the authors to estimate the true harmonic current attributed to the nonlinearity of the load, instead of the distorted power supply. To test the feasibility of different types of neural networks in this application, this paper compares the performances and computational effort of three types of neural networks: Multilayer perceptron networks (MLP), simple recurrent network (RNN) and echo state network (ESN).
MAC protocols analysis for Cognitive Radio in a network MANET

This paper presents a comparative analysis between the mechanisms of media access control IEEE 802.11 and MMAC-CR (Multichannel MAC protocol for Cognitive Radio) in MANETs (Mobile Ad Hoc Networks). The IEEE 802.11 standard allows the use of multiple channels available at the physical layer, but its MAC protocol is designed for a single channel. However, a MAC protocol of a single channel does not work well in a multichannel environment due to the hidden terminal problem. The simulation results show how the MMAC-CR protocol allows a better use of spectral opportunities thereby increasing the throughput of the MANET network.
Investigations of the preparation technology for polyglycolic acid fiber with perfect mechanical performance

Polyglycolic acid (PGA) fibers were prepared by melt-spinning process in this report. The effects of spinning parameters, such as windup rates and drawn ratio, on the mechanical properties of the fibers were discussed by analyzing the internal stress of as-spun fibers, axial sound velocity, fiber tenacity, etc. The results showed that windup rate had a slight effect on the macromolecular orientation degree of the as-spun fibers, which was quite unusual for melt spinning, whereas, the subsequent drawing process effectively increased the macromolecular orientation degree of the PGA fibers and consequently increased the tensile strength of the fibers. Low internal stress of as-spun fibers obtained at lower windup rate led to higher drawing ratio, and the drawn fibers possessed relatively excellent mechanical properties. As a contrast, higher windup rate resulted in the strong internal stress of the as-spun fibers, which had a negative influence on the drawing process, and so the tensile strength of the drawn fibers was relatively poor. Therefore, PGA fiber with perfect mechanical performance could be prepared at the technical parameters of lower windup rate and higher drawing multiples as well as slow drawing rate. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Interpretation and Physiological Significance of Diastolic Coronary Artery Pressure‐Flow Relationships in the Canine Coronary Bed

We analyzed the relationship between diastolic coronary artery pressure and flow in the canine coronary bed, using an electrical analog model of the coronary circulation based on the theory of critical closure. The model contains a voltage-dependent nonlinear resistance and capacitance. The behavior of the resistive element was described using experimental diastolic pressure-flow curves obtained in the absence of compliance effects. Compliance free zero flow pressure intercepts (Pf0) exceeded coronary venous pressure (Pv) by 2- to 5-fold and were related to initial diastolic coronary artery pressure Pa(0) and flow F(0), and Pv by: Pf0 = 14.3 [(Pa(0) - Pv)/F(0)] + PV + 4.0 (r = 0.93). When coronary artery pressure was suddently lowered to values less than or equal to the compliance-free Pfo, diastolic flow abruptly decreased and, after a transient reversal, remained at zero for up to 8 seconds. In the model, zero flow pressure represents critical closing pressure and the resistance regulating flow is the difference between coronary artery and venous pressure divided by flow. Theoretically predicted pressure-flow curves were in good agreement with existing experimental data, including the effects of elevating coronary venous pressure on zero flow pressure. Differences between compliance-free pressure-flow curves and those obtained with pressure gradually decreasing were explained by a coronary arterial compliance whose magnitude varies inversely with pressure and is dependent on vasomotor tone. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate the existence of a diastolic pressure gradient across the canine coronary bed at zero flow which is dependent on coronary vasomotor tone. A theoretical model of the coronary circulation based on the concept of critical closure describes the observed relationship between diastolic coronary artery pressure and flow during various experimental conditions.
The outcome of rectal cancer after early salvage surgery following transanal endoscopic microsurgery seems promising.

INTRODUCTION Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) allows locally complete resection of early rectal cancer as an alternative to conventional radical surgery. In patients with unfavourable post-TEM histology, salvage surgery can be performed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of early radical surgery after TEM for rectal cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS From 1997 to 2010, 86 TEM procedures were performed in 79 patients due to rectal cancer. Early salvage surgery was performed in 25 patients. Data were obtained from the patients' charts and reviewed retrospectively. Perioperative data and oncological outcome were analysed. RESULTS No patients received preoperative chemotherapy. The median time to salvage surgery was 37 days. Five patients underwent laparoscopic surgery. The median operative time was 165 min (range: 101-341 min, 95% confidence interval (CI): 156-214 min) and the median blood loss 275 ml (range: 0-1,275 ml, 95% CI: 232-530 ml). The 30-day mortality was 8% (95% CI: 1-19%, n = 2). Intraoperative perforation occurred in 20% (95% CI: 3-37%, n = 5). The median number of harvested lymph nodes was 12 (range: 3-25, 95% CI: 9-14) and the median circumferential resection margin (CRM) was 10 mm (range: 0-20 mm, 95% CI: 5-12 mm). Only one patient (4%, 95%CI: 1-12%) had a positive CRM. The median follow-up time was 25 months (range: 3-80 months). There was no local recurrence. Distant metastasis occurred in 4% (95% CI: 1-12%, n = 1). CONCLUSION Early salvage surgery after TEM seems to be safe despite a high risk of specimen perforation during the operation. FUNDING not relevant. TRIAL REGISTRATION not relevant.
Exploring the Framing Effects of Emotion

The persuasive effects of emotions have been the focus of burgeoning interest in recent years. Rather than considering how emotions function within traditional paradigms of attitude change, this research explores the possibility that emotions serve as frames for issues, privileging certain information in terms of accessibility and thus guiding subsequent decision making. This study’s results offer evidence that fear and anger can differentially affect information accessibility, desired information seeking, and policy preference, though these effects may be contingent on schema development. These findings support not only the relationship between emotions and frames but also the importance of the discrete emotion perspective in persuasive contexts.
Phenotypic constraints and community structure: Linking trade‐offs within and among species

Trade‐offs are central to many topics in biology, from the evolution of life histories to ecological mechanisms of species coexistence. Trade‐offs observed among species may reflect pervasive constraints on phenotypes that are achievable given biophysical and resource limitations. If so, then among‐species trade‐offs should be consistent with trade‐offs within species. Alternatively, trait variation among co‐occurring species may reflect historical contingencies during community assembly rather than within‐species constraints. Here, we test whether a key trade‐off between relative growth rate (RGR) and water‐use efficiency (WUE) among Sonoran Desert winter annual plants is apparent within four species representing different strategies in the system. We grew progeny of maternal families from multiple populations in a greenhouse common garden. One species, Pectocarya recurvata, displayed the expected RGR–WUE trade‐off among families within populations. For other species, although RGR and WUE often varied clinally among populations, among‐family variation within populations was lacking, implicating a role for past selection on these traits. Our results suggest that a combination of limited genetic variation in single traits and negative trait correlations could pose constraints on the evolution of a high‐RGR and high‐WUE phenotype within species, providing a microevolutionary explanation for phenotypes that influence community‐level patterns of abundance and coexistence.
How Frequent are Small Price Changes?

Abstract Recent empirical work suggests that small price changes are relatively common. This evidence has been used to criticize classic menu-cost models. In this paper, we use scanner data from a national supermarket chain and micro data from the Consumer Price Index to reassess the importance of small price changes. We argue that the vast majority of these changes are due to measurement error. We conclude that the evidence on the prevalence of small price changes is much too weak to be used as a litmus test of nominal rigidity models. (JEL C82, E31, L11, L81)
On the Null Space Constant for ${\ell _p}$ Minimization

The literature on sparse recovery often adopts the lp “norm” ( p ∈ [0,1]) as the penalty to induce sparsity of the signal satisfying an underdetermined linear system. The performance of the corresponding lp minimization problem can be characterized by its null space constant. In spite of the NP-hardness of computing the constant, its properties can still help in illustrating the performance of lp minimization. In this letter, we show the strict increase of the null space constant in the sparsity level k and its continuity in the exponent p. We also indicate that the constant is strictly increasing in p with probability 1 when the sensing matrix A is randomly generated. Finally, we show how these properties can help in demonstrating the performance of lp minimization, mainly in the relationship between the the exponent p and the sparsity level k.
Cellulose fiber and nano-fiber composites based on castor oil-polyurethane matrix

The bimodal combination of cellulose fibre dimensions resulted in complementary properties from the same chemical composition. The nano-cellulose fibers provided thixotropy to the castor oil based reactants. The composites exhibited strength, toughness and a modulus suitable for application as cladding. The appearance can be improved by formation with one or both outer layers laminated with wood veneer, decorative paper board or metal foil. These micro-nano cellulose composites consist predominantly of materials derived from natural resources, they are structurally strong and resistant to water and common cleaning agents over a potential lifetime, while ultimately biodegradable. They can be formed into various shapes using various compression molds, and once cured they retain their shape due to their thermoset chemistry.
A Hybrid Machining Process Combining Micro-EDM and Laser Beam Machining of Nickel–Titanium-Based Shape Memory Alloy

Micro-electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a slow process as compared to laser machining, on the contrary laser machining lacks good surface quality. To overcome the drawbacks of both these processes, this paper suggests a hybrid machining process which combines laser and micro-EDM processes for drilling microholes in advanced engineering materials such as Nickel–Titanium (Ni–Ti)-based shape memory alloy. To achieve the objective of the suggested hybrid process, pilot holes are drilled with laser machine and rimmed out by micro-EDM drilling. The suggested process requires investigation of various combinations of micro-EDM drilling process conditions to obtain optimum machining parameters for the hybrid process. It has been found that the proposed hybrid machining process resulted in 50–65% reduction in machining time without affecting the quality of microholes as compared to the standard micro-EDM process.
Acculturative and Psychological Predictors of Academic-Related Outcomes Among Cambodian American High School Students.

This study examined the acculturative and psychosocial predictors of academic-related outcomes among Cambodian American high school students from an urban school district in the state of Massachusetts. Student participants (N = 163) completed an anonymous survey that assessed demographic characteristics, acculturative experiences, intergenerational conflict, depression, and academic-related outcomes. The main results indicated that acculturative and psychosocial variables were significant predictors of academic-related outcomes. Specifically, students' Cambodian cultural orientation was positively associated with their beliefs about the utility of education and sense of school membership, while students' Anglo/White cultural orientation was positively associated with their grade point average, educational aspirations, and sense of school membership. Results also indicated that Cambodian cultural orientation was negatively associated with intergenerational conflict, which in turn was associated with depression. This study provides important information to developers of school-based and family-based prevention and intervention programs by highlighting the acculturative challenges and how academic success can be fostered for Cambodian American students.
Study on the Changes of Land Use in Xinjiang Altay Region in Recent 15 Years

In this paper, We obtain the data of the temporal and spatial dynamic change of land use of three phrases (the end of 1980’s, the end of 1990’s, 2005), and the distribution of the salinized cultivated land use in 2005 in the area of Aletai by using the methods of remote sensing and geography information systems, and carry on the spatial statistics analysis on the change process which reflects the characters of changes of land use in Aletai. The results are as follows within the 5 years from the end of 1990’s to 2005 in Aletai, the areas of grassland and water were obviously reduced, the area of farmlands was significantly enlarged, On the whole other change degrees are smaller than that from the end of 1980’s to the end of 1990’s.
The Dependence of Effective Planning Horizon on Model Accuracy

For Markov decision processes with long horizons (i.e., discount factors close to one), it is common in practice to use reduced horizons during planning to speed computation. However, perhaps surprisingly, when the model available to the agent is estimated from data, as will be the case in most real-world problems, the policy found using a shorter planning horizon can actually be better than a policy learned with the true horizon. In this paper we provide a precise explanation for this phenomenon based on principles of learning theory. We show formally that the planning horizon is a complexity control parameter for the class of policies to be learned. In particular, it has an intuitive, monotonic relationship with a simple counting measure of complexity, and that a similar relationship can be observed empirically with a more general and data-dependent Rademacher complexity measure. Each complexity measure gives rise to a bound on the planning loss predicting that a planning horizon shorter than the true horizon can reduce overfitting and improve test performance, and we confirm these predictions empirically.
Healthcare Service Utilization by Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Population-Based Study

Objective Although obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is not a life-threatening disease, very few studies have compared differences in healthcare service utilization between patients with and those without OSA in an Asian population according to different age groups. This study attempted to investigate differences in healthcare service utilization between patients with and those without OSA in different age groups in Taiwan. Methods Sampled subjects and data on their health service utilization were retrieved from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005. We included 568 patients with OSA and 2840 subjects without OSA. Each subject was followed for a 1-year period to evaluate their healthcare resource utilization. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were performed to compare differences in healthcare utilization between patients with and those without OSA during the 1-year follow-up period. Results As to all healthcare service utilization, patients with OSA had significantly more outpatient visits (30.3 vs. 18.6), outpatient costs (US$1231.2 vs. US$764.8), inpatient days (1.8 vs. 1.2), inpatient costs (US$563.6 vs. US$276.7), and total costs (US$1794.8 vs. US$1041.5) than comparison subjects during the 1-year follow-up period. Moreover, patients with OSA aged 40~49 and 50~59 years respectively incurred 2.11- and 2.02-fold higher total costs compared to patients without OSA. However, patients with OSA aged over 70 years did not have higher total costs compared to those without OSA. Conclusions This study found that patients with OSA had greater healthcare service utilization than those without OSA. Additionally, patients with OSA in the 40~49- and 50~59-year age groups had about 2-fold higher total costs of healthcare services than those without OSA.
A Taxonomy of Security Attacks and Issues in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs)

VANET has turned into an effective area of research, standardization and advancement, because it has impressive potential to raise vehicle and road safety, welfare, as well as convenience to both drivers and passengers and traffic adaptability. A lot of VANET Research work has been centered on particular areas including broadcasting, routing, surveillance and quality of service. The security benchmarks of vehicular Ad hoc network are examined here. Due to the unguarded nature of the VANET system routing protocols, such networks are also unsafe from the malicious mobile nodes in the structure itself. Hence the fundamental objective of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), i.e., safe transmission of the time critical data, is possible only if a sturdy framework provides this insurance at all times. In this paper, various security protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks and achievement of mechanisms are discussed to give security. In this paper various types of security complications and objections of VANET have been figured out and examined.