Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short proofs for the determinant identities

We study arithmetic proof systems P<sub>c</sub>(F) and P<sub>f</sub>(F) operating with arithmetic circuits and arithmetic formulas, respectively, that prove polynomial identities over a field F. We establish a series of structural theorems about these proof systems, the main one stating that P<sub>c</sub>(F) proofs can be balanced: if a polynomial identity of syntactic degree d and depth k has a P<sub>c</sub>(F) proof of size s, then it also has a P<sub>c</sub>(F) proof of size poly(s,d) and depth O(k+log<sup>2</sup> d + log d• log s). As a corollary, we obtain a quasipolynomial simulation of P<sub>c</sub>(F) by P<sub>f</sub>(F), for identities of a polynomial syntactic degree. Using these results we obtain the following: consider the identities: det(XY) = det(X)•det(Y) and det(Z)= z<sub>11</sub> ••• z<sub>nn</sub>, where X,Y and Z are n x n square matrices and Z is a triangular matrix with z<sub>11</sub>,. , z<sub>nn</sub> on the diagonal (and det is the determinant polynomial). Then we can construct a polynomial-size arithmetic circuit det such that the above identities have P<sub>c</sub>(F) proofs of polynomial-size and O(log<sup>2</sup>n) depth. Moreover, there exists an arithmetic formula det of size n<sup>O(log n)</sup> such that the above identities have P<sub>f</sub>(F) proofs of size n<sup>O(log n)</sup>. This yields a solution to a basic open problem in propositional proof complexity, namely, whether there are polynomial-size NC<sup>2</sup>-Frege proofs for the determinant identities and the <i>hard matrix identities</i>, as considered, e.g. in Soltys and Cook (2004) (cf., Beame and Pitassi (1998). We show that matrix identities like AB=I -> BA=I (for matrices over the two element field) as well as basic properties of the determinant have polynomial-size NC<sup>2</sup>-Frege proofs, and quasipolynomial-size Frege proofs.
Can Serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone Level and LH / FSH Ratio Be Predictive of Clinical Pregnancy Through Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection - Embryo Transfer?

Objective: To compare clinical pregnancy rate through ICSI-ET between polycystic ovarian syndrome patients and women with normal ovaries (control group). We also investigated whether serum Anti-Mullerian hormone level or LH/FSH ratio may predict clinical pregnancy rate in both groups. Study Design: In this retrospective study, endocrine/ clinical parameters and cycle characteristics of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (n=32) and women with normal ovaries (n=115) aged 0.05, respectively). The LH/FSH ratio was significantly higher in women who conceived compared to women who did not in the polycystic ovarian syndrome group (0.9 vs. 0.6, respectively, p=0.4). The cut-off value of 0.6 in the LH/FSH ratio predicted clinical pregnancy with a specificity of 76% and a sensitivity of 65% in the polycystic ovarian syndrome group. Anti-Mullerian hormone was significantly higher in women who conceived compared to women who did not in the control group (4.0 ng/mL vs. 2.1 ng/mL, respectively, p=0.4). Conclusion: Polycystic ovarian syndrome patients have a similar clinical pregnancy rate with women having normal ovaries through ICSI-ET. The LH/FSH ratio assessed prior to ovulation induction was significantly higher in pregnant polycystic ovarian syndrome patients compared to polycystic ovarian syndrome patients who did not conceive. Anti-Mullerian hormone level was significantly higher in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women with normal ovaries.
Birth weights smaller or larger than the placenta predict BMI and blood pressure at age 7 years

We hypothesized that the altered placental proportions that influence birth weight affect childhood body proportions, and that these effects would be independent of birth weight. We also hypothesized that altered placental proportions might affect the fetal cardiovascular system, and may be reflected in variation in childhood blood pressure. By using linear regression with birth weight as the dependent variable, placental variables were entered as predictors. The predicted birth weights based on placental factors were then obtained. The ratio of the actual birth weight to that predicted by placental parameters (observed/expected ratio, OER) was used as the independent variable in analyses of age 7 year body mass index (BMI) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the 15,902 singleton liveborns delivered between 34 and 43 weeks. The standardized residual birth weight was also used as a variable to examine the effects of birth weight that is not consistent with placental parameters. For each unit increase in the OER, BMI at 7 years increased 1 kg/m2 (P < 0.0001). The OER also had a significant effect on DBP (β = 4.52, P < 0.001) at 7 years of age but only among African-American children. Results for the standardized residual birth weight variable were consistent with the OER. All results were adjusted for gestational age, sex, socioeconomic status, African-American race and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI. Being larger or smaller than predicted by one’s placenta affects childhood body composition and blood pressure. The placental measurements provide insight into pathophysiological mechanisms of the developmental origins of adult disease.
Design and implementation of DRFCN in-depth network for military target identification

Automatic target recognition (ATR) technology has always been the key and difficult point in the military field. This paper designs and implements a new DRFCN in-depth network for military target identification. Firstly, the part of DRPN is densely connected by the convolution module to reuse the features of each layer in the deep network model to extract the high quality goals of sampling area; Secondly, in the DFCN part, we fuse the information of the semantic features of the high and low level feature maps to realize the prediction of target area and location information in the sampling area; Finally, the deep network model structure and the parameter training method of DRFCN are given. Further, we conduct experimental analysis and discussion on the DRFCN algorithm: 1) Based on the PASCAL VOC dataset for comparison experiments, the results show that DRFCN algorithm is obviously superior to the existing algorithm in terms of average accuracy, real-time and model size because of the convolution module dense connection method. At the same time, it is verified that the DRFCN algorithm can effectively solve the problem of gradient dispersion and gradient expansion. 2) Using the self-built military target dataset for experiments, the results show that the DRFCN algorithm implements the military target recognition task in terms of accuracy and real-time.
Using Genetic Algorithm for Hybrid Modes of Collaborative Filtering in Online Recommenders

Online recommenders are usually referred to those used in e-Commerce websites for suggesting a product or service out of many choices. The core technology implemented behind this type of recommenders includes content analysis, collaborative filtering and some hybrid variants. Since they all have certain strengths and limitations, combining them may be a promising solution provided there is a way of overcoming a large amount of input variables especially from combining different techniques. Genetic algorithm (GA) is an ideal optimization search function, for finding a best recommendation out of a large population of variables. In this paper we presented a GA-based approach for supporting combined modes of collaborative filtering. In particular, we show that how the input variables can be coded into GA chromosomes in various modes. Insights of how GA can be used in recommenders are derived through our experiments with the input data taken from Movielens and IMDB.
Segway : simultaneous segmentation of multiple functional genomics data sets with heterogeneous patterns of missing data

New functional genomics methods enabled by high-throughput DNA sequencing have begun to produce an unprecedented amount of data anchored to the genome of humans and other species. We have developed a method to identify joint patterns in the results of multiple classes of functional genomics experiments. The method partitions the genome into variable-length segments using a dynamic Bayesian network where the dynamic (or “time”) axis represents genomic position. Segments are assigned one of a finite number of labels such that the vectors of observations are similar in segments with the same label. A multinet switching structure allows inference on sequences with combinations of missing data in different tracks that vary at each position, without downsampling or interpolation. This permits us to take full advantage of the high-resolution data generated by sequencing assays, working at up to 1-base-pair resolution. Our system can also incorporate other kinds of data into its classification, including lower-resolution continuous data such as microarray data, or discrete data such as the dinucleotide sequence beginning at each position. We demonstrate the use of the method in both unsupervised and semisupervised training of segment parameters.
Antibodies and Antibody-Secreting Cells in the Female Genital Tract after Vaginal or Intranasal Immunization with Cholera Toxin B Subunit or Conjugates

ABSTRACT We studied the antibody response including antibody-secreting cells (ASC) in the female genital tract of mice after mucosal immunizations with the recombinant B subunit of cholera toxin (rCTB) perorally, intraperitoneally, vaginally, and intranasally (i.n.). The strongest genital antibody responses as measured with a novel perfusion-extraction method were induced after vaginal and i.n. immunizations, and these routes also gave rise to specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG ASC in the genital mucosa. Specific ASC in the iliac lymph nodes, which drain the female genital tract, were seen only after vaginal immunization. Progesterone treatment increased the ASC response in the genital tissue after all mucosal immunizations but most markedly after vaginal immunization. We also tested rCTB as a carrier for human gamma globulin (HGG) and the effect of adding cholera toxin (CT) as an adjuvant for the induction of systemic and genital antibody responses to HGG after vaginal and i.n. immunizations. Vaginal immunizations with HGG conjugated to rCTB resulted in high levels of genital anti-HGG antibodies whether or not CT was added, while after i.n. immunization the strongest antibody response was seen with the conjugate together with CT. In summary, vaginal and i.n. immunization give rise to a specific mucosal immune response including ASC in the genital tissue, and vaginal immunization also elicits ASC in the iliac lymph nodes. We have also shown that rCTB can act as an efficient carrier for a conjugated antigen for induction of a specific antibody response in the genital tract of mice after vaginal or i.n. immunization.
KScons: a Bayesian approach for protein residue contact prediction using the knob-socket model of protein tertiary structure

MOTIVATION By simplifying the many-bodied complexity of residue packing into patterns of simple pairwise secondary structure interactions between a single knob residue with a three-residue socket, the knob-socket construct allows a more direct incorporation of structural information into the prediction of residue contacts. By modeling the preferences between the amino acid composition of a socket and knob, we undertake an investigation of the knob-socket construct's ability to improve the prediction of residue contacts. The statistical model considers three priors and two posterior estimations to better understand how the input data affects predictions. This produces six implementations of KScons that are tested on three sets: PSICOV, CASP10 and CASP11. We compare against the current leading contact prediction methods. RESULTS The results demonstrate the usefulness as well as the limits of knob-socket based structural modeling of protein contacts. The construct is able to extract good predictions from known structural homologs, while its performance degrades when no homologs exist. Among our six implementations, KScons MST-MP (which uses the multiple structure alignment prior and marginal posterior incorporating structural homolog information) performs the best in all three prediction sets. An analysis of recall and precision finds that KScons MST-MP improves accuracy not only by improving identification of true positives, but also by decreasing the number of false positives. Over the CASP10 and CASP11 sets, KScons MST-MP performs better than the leading methods using only evolutionary coupling data, but not quite as well as the supervised learning methods of MetaPSICOV and CoinDCA-NN that incorporate a large set of structural features. CONTACT qiwei.li@rice.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Quality of life from the viewpoint of patients with spinal cord lesions

: Before the existence is negotiating of individuals that present lesion medular, we came across the problem involved in the daily of those people after a situation of sudden and unexpected trauma. With the intention of rendering effective cares to these people worried, in this study, in identifying the situation for the which they are passing, there were been changes and which were them, so much in psychic level as physicist and social. For so much, he/she/it opted for the accomplishment of a semi-structured individual interview, being used the resource of the recording, the instrument of collection of data consists of identification data and data regarding the interviewee's life. The speech free with recording and posterior transcription characterizes a study of case of nature, above all, exploratory. The obtained data received a thematic analysis using conceptions about life quality according to FORATTINI (1991). In this study they were identified a physical deficiency and a series of inabilities. The deambulacao is the first loss noticed by the patient after the lesion and its first subject to the professional closer of him, it is that settles down a communication channel that allows this expression. But we should remember the possible process of rehabilitation that doesn't approach only the search for the locomocao, permeating the re-learning in this new life situation. We verified modifications in all the spheres (physics, social, psychological), and the most affected. according to the picked data, went the psychological and to social due to the physical alterations. The main loss sensation refers to the social paper, and this is characterized, mainly, for the impossibility of coming back to the work. The changes in the solemnity-image conceptions and self-esteem were also identified, in smaller degree, for the sensation of inability. The more important and comprehensibly told physical loss refers the sensibility loss and motive capacity of the members.
Lower tourniquet cuff pressure reduces postoperative thigh pain in obese patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty

Background: The use of high tourniquet pressures in obese patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty increases the risk of postoperative thromboembolic events and skin complications. Measurement of limb occlusion pressure (LOP) before surgery may lead to the use of lower tourniquet cuff pressure during surgery and thereby reduce the risk of postoperative pain and complications.Methods: Eighty-six obese patients scheduled for total knee arthroplasty were randomized to a control group (n=43) with tourniquet pressures at 300 mmHg or the LOP group (n=43) where a recommended tourniquet pressure was determined based on the patient’s limb occlusion pressure. The primary outcome measure was postoperative thigh pain; the secondary outcome measures were the quality of bloodless field, postoperative drop in haemoglobin, postoperative complications and Oxford knee scores.Results: The tourniquet cuff pressure was significantly lower in the LOP group than in the control group (p<0.001). Patients in the LOP group showed significantly lower postoperative thigh pain scores till postoperative day 3. Our study did not show any difference in intraoperative quality of bloodless field (p<0.103), postoperative complications and Oxford knee scores (p<0.775) at six months after surgery.Conclusions: Our results show that the use of limb occlusion pressure method results in decreased postoperative thigh pain without reducing the quality of the bloodless field. We believe that this method in tourniquet application is safe and beneficial for the subset of obese patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.
Pollinator preference and pollen viability mediated by flower color synergistically determine seed set in an Alpine annual herb

Abstract Gentiana leucomelaena manifests dramatic flower color polymorphism, with both blue‐ and white‐flowered individuals (pollinated by flies and bees) both within a population and on an individual plant. Previous studies of this species have shown that pollinator preference and flower temperature change as a function of flower color throughout the flowering season. However, few if any studies have explored the effects of flower color on both pollen viability (mediated by anther temperature) and pollinator preference on reproductive success (seed set) in a population or on individual plants over the course of the entire flowering season. Based on prior observations, we hypothesized that flower color affects both pollen viability (as a function of anther temperature) and pollen deposition (as a function of pollinator preference) to synergistically determine reproductive success during the peak of the flowering season. This hypothesis was tested by field observations and hand pollination experiments in a Tibetan alpine meadow. Generalized linear model and path analyses showed that pollen viability was determined by flower color, flowering season, and anther temperature. Anther temperature correlated positively with pollen viability during the peak of the early flowering season, but negatively affected pollen viability during the peak of the mid‐ to late flowering season. Pollen deposition was determined by flower color, flowering season (early, or mid‐ to late season), and pollen viability. Pollen viability and pollen deposition were affected by flower color that in turn affected seed set across the peak of the flowering season (i.e., when the greatest number of flowers were being pollinated). Hand pollination experiments showed that pollen viability and pollen deposition directly influenced seed set. These data collectively indicate that the preference of pollinators for flower color and pollen viability changed during the flowering season in a manner that optimizes successful reproduction in G. leucomelaena. This study is one of a few that have simultaneously considered the effects of both pollen viability and pollen deposition on reproductive success in the same population and on individual plants.
EMD-Based Electrocardiogram Delineation for a Wearable Low-Power ECG Monitoring Device

A novel algorithm for subtracting the artifacts from an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal and detecting the QRS complex based on empirical mode decomposition has been designed, tested, and evaluated. This method can remove both the noise of the power line interference and baseline wander from the ECG signal with minimum distortion, and R peaks can be exactly detected. The method is tested and evaluated using the records from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database and the ECG signal data acquired from a wearable low-power ECG monitoring device. In the experiments, the correlation coefficient between the clean signal and denoised signal can be up to 0.997, and it is greater than 0.970 even in severely contaminated situations. The detection algorithm for the wearable monitoring device shows that the QRS detection rate is over 99.8% and that the sensitivity is over 99.9%. When compared with other detection methods, this proposed algorithm holds the best performance in severely noise-contaminated situations. The experiment's results demonstrate that the algorithm can effectively delineate the ECG signal under different sampling rates as expected.
The roles of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the development of nasal chemoreceptor neurons.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the neurotrophins, and known to facilitate differentiation, growth and maturation of neurons. BDNF binds to the high-affinity receptor, tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) to initiate signal transduction (Korsching, 1993; Lindsay et al., 1994). Olfactory and vomeronasal receptor neurons (ORNs and VRNs, respectively) are chemoreceptors located in the nasal cavity of most mammalian species (Graziadei, 1977). In the olfactory epithelium (OE) lining the olfactory mucosa (OM), progenitor cells differentiate into immature and mature ORNs; a single dendrite extending from the apical pole of each soma reaches the surface of the OE to form a dendritic ending, and a single axon from the base of the soma runs downward to pass through the basement membrane of the OE to reach the brain. Similar bipolar neurons are also contained in the vomeronasal sensory epithelium (VSE) of the vomeronasal organ (VNO), and designated as VRNs or vomeronasal sensory cells/ neurons (Graziadei, 1977; Takami, 2002). Although several neurotrophic factors including neurotrophins are thought to be involved in the development, maturation, and regeneration of ORNs (Carter and Roskams, 2002; Schwob, 2002), the functional roles of BDNF remain to be understood. In the case of the VRNs, we were the first to report the distribution of BDNF and TrkB at both domestic (Takami et al., 2001) and international (Takami and Nishiyama, 1997b) meetings. In this paper, we present summary of our recent studies concerning BDNF and TrkB in the rat OM and VNO. Our overall research goal is to clarify functional roles of BDNF in the differentiation and maturation of ORNs and VRNs.
Spontaneous Bacterial Pericarditis with Tamponade Due to Ureaplasma spp

ABSTRACT Infectious pericardial effusion with tamponade is an uncommon but life-threatening disease. We report an unusual case of spontaneous Ureaplasma pericardial effusion with tamponade associated with pneumonia, pleural effusion, and urinary tract infection. All published cases of clinically invasive Ureaplasma infections in the adult population are also reviewed.
All Quiet on the Eastern Front? Disruption Scenarios of Russian Natural Gas Supply to Europe

The 2014 Russian–Ukrainian crisis reignited European concerns about natural gas supply security recalling the experiences of 2006 and 2009. However, the European supply situation, regulation and infrastructure have changed, with better diversified import sources, EU member states being better connected and a common regulation on the security of supply has been introduced. Nevertheless, European dependency on natural gas remained high. This paper investigates different Russian natural gas export disruptions scenarios and analyses short- and long-term reactions in Europe. We use the Global Gas Model (GGM), a large-scale mixed complementarity representation of the natural gas sector with a high level of technical granularity with respect to storage and transportation infrastructure. While we find that most of the EU member states are not severely affected by Russian disruptions, some East European countries are very vulnerable. Prioritizing the removal of infrastructure bottlenecks is critical for securing a sufficient natural gas supply to all EU member states.
Three Years of Use of a CSCW Platform by the Preservice Teachers and the Trainers of the Reunion Island Teacher Training School

During three years, teachers trainers and preservice teachers have shared a CSCW platform. In this article we present their work, we see how it was structured, we study its evolution over the three years and, for one year, we classify it in categories. To do so, we use a multimodal analysis based on the higher level shared folder