Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hysteresis without Hope: investigating unemployment persistence in South Africa

This paper investigates hysteresis in South Africa’s unemployment. First we test the presence of hysteresis in unemployment both by traditional stationarity tests and by using non-linear transformation methods to identify two further characteristics of hysteresis, namely remanence and selective memory. In the second part of the paper we estimate a simple insider-outsider model using a Bayesian VAR methodology to identify the shocks driving the unemployment dynamics. The main ﬁnding is that shocks to nominal wages and mark-up shocks as the main drivers of unemployment. Demand shocks do not play a dominant role. These results point to the diﬃculty of absorbing the current level of unemployment without signiﬁcant positive shocks in market structure and wage setting behaviour. The strong hysteresis present in the data shows that this excessive level of unemployment can become ”equilibrium”: the South African labour market presents features of the worst kind of hysteresis, a hysteresis without ”hope”.
Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol to Methyl Lactate over Au-CuO/Sn-Beta: The Roles of Sn-Beta

: The production of methyl lactate as a degradable polymer monomer from biomass was an important topic for a sustainable society. In this manuscript, glycerol was oxidated to methyl lactate catalyzed by the combination of Au-CuO and Sn-Beta. The inﬂuence of Sn content, Sn source, and the preparation conditions for Sn- β was studied. The Au content in Au/CuO was also investigated by varying the Au content in Au/CuO. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, FTIR spectroscopy of pyridine adsorption, and TEM to study the role of Sn and the inﬂuence of different parameters for catalyst preparation. After the optimization of reaction parameters, the yield of methyl lactate from glycerol reached 59% at 363 K after reacting in 1.6 MPa of O 2 for 6 h.
SELF-OTHER ASYMMETRY AND COVID ANXIETY

24 Self-favoring beliefs (e.g., that one tends to perform better than peers) are generally 25 associated with positive psychological outcomes like increased self-esteem and resilience. 26 However, this tendency may be problematic in the context of collective action problems, wherein 27 individuals are reliant on others’ pro-social behaviors to achieve larger goals. We examined this 28 question in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, and recruited participants (n = 1023) from a 29 university community in Spring 2020. We found evidence for a self-peer asymmetry, such that 30 participants reported that they were doing more to stop the spread of the disease and were more 31 pro-socially motivated than peers. Actual peer reports indicated that these were overestimations. 32 This self-enhancement tendency comes with a cost: the perceived self-peer asymmetry mediated 33 the relationship between Covid-specific worry and general anxiety during the early lockdown 34 period. This indicates that while believing one is doing more than others may be maladaptive in 35 collective action problems. 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted October 12, 2022. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02. 26.21252547 doi: medRxiv preprint
Least Squares Theory and the Hausman Specification Test

The geometry of least squares is exploited to develop an exact test of the Hausman (1978) type of a linear hypothesis. This leads to necessary and sufficient conditions for the equivalence of Hausman and classical tests. The geometrical theory is then extended to the general problem of specification testing, revealing new perspectives and a synthesis of a wide range of existing results.
Quantitative Assessment on Frictions in Technology Market

In this paper, I first document several novel stylized facts from Chinese patent transaction data matched with manufacturing firm data. A key finding is that Chinese patent market is significantly less developed than the U.S. To understand the causes and consequences, I build a model that endogenizes firm R&D investment, patent trading decision and productivity growth. I structurally estimate the model and find the following two main results. First, Chinese patent market plays a small role in growth. It only accounts for 5% of China’s GDP growth rate, as opposed to 17% in the U.S. Second, I evaluate the importance of three frictions calibrated to Chinese patent market: search cost, fixed transaction cost and information asymmetry. Search cost turns out to be the main friction to explain the gap of patent market size. If search cost was reduced to the US level, China’s productivity growth would increase by 0.16 percentage points.
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

Received Mar 15, 2022 Revised Sep 12, 2022 Accepted Sep 19, 2022 Built on neighborhood correlation, a 2-stage identification technique was offered to incorporate on the irregularity reduction algorithm for random magnitude impulse outlier (RMIO). As a result, this algorithm has an ultimate efficacy thereby a 2-stage identification technique becomes to be one of the high efficacy identification technique. Accordingly, this paper attempts to propose an alternative irregularity reduction algorithm built on a 2-stage identification and adaptive median filter (AMF) with under fix magnitude impulsive outlier (FMIO) at little, mild and immense massiveness. First, by examining great number of depictions, the optimized window dimension for 2-stage scheme from computation and performance is disposed. Second, comprehensive examinations represent that the 2-stage identification technique is disposed to identify between regular and irregular pixels at all massiveness, especially little and mild massiveness. Third, the identification efficacy on great depictions at all massiveness is examined on regular, irregular, regular-irregular efficacy perspective to estimate the optimal window size and optimal 2-stage constant value. Finally, the overall outlier reduction efficacy of an outlier reduction built on 2-stage technique and AMF is examined on great depictions at all massiveness related with other up-to-the-minute outlier reductions. From these results, the outlier reduction has remarkable efficacy than other up-to-the-minute outlier reductions.
High-Gain Wideband Circularly Polarised Fabry–Perot Resonator Array Antenna Using a Single-Layered Pixelated PRS for Millimetre-Wave Applications

In this paper, a wideband and high-gain circular polarised Fabry–Perot Resonator Antenna (FPRA) with a single partially reflective surface (PRS) layer is automatically generated and optimised using a VBA-based interface system between CST Microwave studio and Matlab. The proposed PRS layer is a promising superstrate for wideband and high-gain FP resonator antennas due to its relatively high reflection coefficient magnitude and positive phase gradient, which resemble that of the optimum PRS over the relevant frequency band. The circular polarisation was achieved using a sequential feeding network for a 2 × 2 array air-gapped slot-coupled elliptical patch antenna. The proposed design achieved an impedance bandwidth of 48.58% (15.3 GHz) ranging from 23.84 GHz to 39.14 GHz, and the −3 dB gain bandwidth was 22.42% (6.25 GHz) from 24.75 to 31 GHz, with a peak gain of 17.12 dB at 29 GHz, and an axial ratio bandwidth of 21.75% (6.2 GHz). In addition, the achieved radiation efficiency was 90%. Consistent and almost invariant radiation patterns are achieved over the millimetre-wave frequency band of interest. The experimental and simulated results are in good agreement, justifying the feasibility of the proposed design as a high-gain and wideband FP resonator array antenna for Mm-wave applications.
Development of a Hybrid Biomimetic Enamel-Biocomposite Interface and a Study of Its Molecular Features Using Synchrotron Submicron ATR-FTIR Microspectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis Techniques

Using a biomimetic strategy and bioinspired materials, our work proposed a new technological approach to create a hybrid transitional layer between enamel and dental biocomposite. For this purpose, an amino acid booster conditioner based on a set of polar amino acids (lysine, arginine, hyaluronic acid), calcium alkali, and a modified adhesive based on BisGMA and nanocrystalline carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite are used during dental enamel restoration. The molecular properties of the hybrid interface formed using the proposed strategy were understood using methods of multivariate statistical analysis of spectral information collected using the technique of synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy. The results obtained indicate the possibility of forming a bonding that mimics the properties of natural tissue with controlled molecular properties in the hybrid layer. The diffusion of the amino acid booster conditioner component, the calcium alkali, and the modified adhesive with nanocrystalline carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite in the hybrid interface region creates a structure that should stabilize the reconstituted crystalline enamel layer. The developed technology can form the basis for an individualized, personalized approach to dental enamel restorations.
The dynamic programming approach to the multicriterion optimization problem.

Abstract : Decision makers are often confronted with problems for which there exist several distinct measures of success. Such problems can often be expressed in terms of linear or nonlinear programming models with several 'criterion' functions instead of single objective functions. A variety of techniques have been applied to multicriterion problems, but the approach used here, 'The Dynamic Programming Approach to Multicriterion Optimization Problem,' is based on the concept that the ideal solution to a multiobjective problem must be a pareto optimal solution. In many cases simply narrowing the set of candidate solutions to the set of all pareto optimal solutions may enable the decision maker to find the compromise being sought. The determination of nondominated points and corresponding nondominated values (pareto optimal solution) related to the multicriterion optimization problem is approached through the use of dynamic programming. The dynamic programming approach has an attractive property which provides the basis for generation of nondominated solutions at each stage by the decomposition method. By using recursive equations we can find out the nondominated points and corresponding nondominated solutions of multiaggregate return function. (Author)
THE WOLFE-MARKOWITZ ALGORITHM FOR NONHOLONOMIC ELASTOPLASTIC ANALYSIS

Four basic formulations are presented for the elastoplastic analysis of framed structures. Each has the mathematical form of a parametric linear complementarity program (plcp) and reduces to a familiar set of linear equations for the analysis of linear elastic frames. For solving the plcp the Wolfe-Markowitz algorithm is introduced, and its operation is described by application to a simple example. This example, although subject to proportional loading, exhibits the unstressing of a section which had previously suffered plastic deformation. In holonomic (reversible) behaviour the plastic deformation is recovered before unstressing can occur, whereas in nonholonomic response the unstressing occurs before any plastic deformation is recovered. The more realistic, latter case necessitates a slight modification to the algorithm, while the imposition of holonomic behaviour upon the present example results in a sudden pseudomechanism motion as the frame snaps through into a new equilibrium configuration. The Wolfe-Markowitz algorithm traces the complete response of a structure to its loading programme, giving a sequence of solutions to correspond with the activation of each successive plastic hinge. At its terinaton, the algorithm also provides a complete plastic limit analysis. (a) /TRRL/
Zero-modes of non-Abelian solitons in three-dimensional gauge theories

We study non-Abelian solitons of the Bogomol'nyi type in (d = 2 + 1) supersymmetric Chern–Simons (CS) and Yang–Mills (YM) theory with a generic gauge group. In CS theory, we find topological, non-topological and semi-local (non-)topological vortices of non-Abelian kinds in unbroken, broken and partially broken vacua. We calculate the number of zero-modes using an index theorem and then we apply the moduli matrix formalism to realize the moduli parameters. For the topological solitons we exhaust all the moduli while we study several examples of the non-topological and semi-local solitons. We find that the zero-modes of the topological solitons are governed by the moduli matrix H0 only and those of the non-topological solitons are governed by both H0 and the gauge invariant field Ω. We prove local uniqueness of the master equation in the YM case and finally compare all results between the CS and YM theories.
Dark matter and Higgs boson in a model with discrete gauge symmetry

In view of ongoing measurements of the Higgs-like boson at the LHC and direct searches for dark matter, we explore the possibility of accommodating the potential results in a simple new-physics model with discrete gauge symmetry as well as light neutrino masses. Specifically, we study collider and relic-density constraints on the new gauge coupling, predict the cross section of the dark matter scattering off nucleons, and compare it with current direct search data. We also discuss some of the implications if the dark matter is light. The new gauge sector of the model allows it to be compatible with the latest LHC information on the Higgs-like particle and simultaneously satisfy the requirements in its dark matter sector.
Implications of phyto-feed additives supplementation in buffalo calves on rumen fermentation pattern and microbial population

Natural phyto-feed additives have been identified as a potential rumen fermentation modifier by in vitro studies and by few short-term in vivo trials. However, information on impact on animal performance by their long-term administration is still inadequate. In light of this, the present study was undertaken to examine the rumen fermentation pattern, rumen microbial enzymes and microbial profiles as influenced by long term supplementation of phyto-feed additives to buffalo calves. A six months feeding trial was conducted on 20 male buffaloes (165±4 kg body weight), divided into four groups and fed on diet supplemented with no additive (T0, control), with feed additive FAI @ 1% of dry matter intake (DMI) (T1), with FAII @ 1 ml/kg DMI (T2) and with FAI and FAII switched alternatively after every 15 days (T3). No significant effect was observed on rumen fermentation pattern as well as carboxymethylcellulase, avicelase, xylanase, acetyl esterase, and protease activities in the rumen of buffalo calves. The population density of methanogens, fungi, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and R. albus decreased significantly in T3 where FAI and FAII were fed alternately, but Fibrobacter succinogenes decreased significantly in T2 where FAII was fed. When compared to the control, the microscopic count of protozoa decreased in all the three supplemented groups. It can be concluded that rumen fermentation, including rumen metabolites and microbial enzymes, were unaffected; however, phyto-feed additives exhibited changes in rumen microbes.
METALLICITIES, DUST, AND MOLECULAR CONTENT OF A QSO-DAMPED Lyα SYSTEM REACHING log N(H i) = 22: AN ANALOG TO GRB-DLAs

We present the elemental abundance and H2 content measurements of a damped Lyα (DLA) system with an extremely large H i column density, log N(H i) (cm−2) = 22.0 ± 0.10, at zabs = 3.287 toward the QSO SDSS J081634+144612. We measure column densities of H2, C i, C i⋆, Zn ii, Fe ii, Cr ii, Ni ii, and Si ii from a high signal-to-noise and high spectral resolution VLT-UVES spectrum. The overall metallicity of the system is [Zn/H] = −1.10 ± 0.10 relative to solar. Two molecular hydrogen absorption components are seen at z = 3.28667 and 3.28742 (a velocity separation of ≈52 km s−1) in rotational levels up to J = 3. We derive a total H2 column density of log N(H2) (cm−2) = 18.66 and a mean molecular fraction of f = 2N(H2)/[2N(H2) + N(H i)] = 10−3.04 ± 0.37, typical of known H2-bearing DLA systems. From the observed abundance ratios we conclude that dust is present in the interstellar medium of this galaxy, with an enhanced abundance in the H2-bearing clouds. However, the total amount of dust along the line of sight is not large and does not produce any significant reddening of the background QSO. The physical conditions in the H2-bearing clouds are constrained directly from the column densities of H2 in different rotational levels, C i and C i⋆. The kinetic temperature is found to be T ≈ 75 K and the particle density lies in the range nH = 50–80 cm−3. The neutral hydrogen column density of this DLA is similar to the mean H i column density of DLAs observed at the redshift of γ-ray bursts (GRBs). We explore the relationship between GRB-DLAs and the high column density end of QSO-DLAs finding that the properties (metallicity and depletion) of DLAs with log N(H i) > 21.5 in the two populations do not appear to be significantly different.
Insights from the Interplay of K -> pi nu anti-nu and epsilon_K on the New Physics Flavour Structure

In certain new physics (NP) models, such as the Littlest Higgs model with T-parity, a strict correlation between the K_L -> pi0 nu anti-nu and K+ -> pi+ nu anti-nu branching ratios has been observed, allowing essentially only for two branches of possible points, while in other NP frameworks, such as the general MSSM or warped extra dimensional models, no visible correlation appears. We analyse the origin of the correlation in question and show it to be a direct consequence of the stringent experimental constraint on epsilon_K, provided that the NP enters with comparable strength and a universal weak phase in both Delta S = 2 and Delta S = 1 transitions. This happens in many NP scenarios with either only SM operators, or where the NP induces exclusively right-handed currents while the left-right Delta S = 2 operators are absent. On the other hand, if the NP phases in Delta S = 2 and Delta S = 1 processes are uncorrelated, epsilon_K has no power to put constraints on the K -> pi nu anti-nu system. The latter appears in particular in those NP models where K^0 - anti-K^0 mixing receives contributions from the chirally enhanced left-right operators. We discuss the stability of the correlation in question against small deviations from the assumption of universal Delta S = 2 and Delta S = 1 weak phases, and in the presence of non-negligible NP contributions to epsilon_K.
Magnetic moment manipulation by triplet Josephson current

The induced magnetic moment, provided by the bands electrons, is calculated in a variety of Josephson junctions with multilayered ferromagnetic weak link. The noncollinear magnetization of the layers provides the conditions necessary to generate triplet superconducting correlations. It leads to the long-range induced magnetic moment, emerging in the superconducting layers and depending on the Josephson phase. By tuning the Josephson current, one may control the long-range induced magnetic moment. Alternatively, applying the voltage we can generate an oscillatory magnetic moment. The proposed mechanism seems to be attractive for superconducting spintronic devices with low dissipation.
DWARF GALAXIES WITH OPTICAL SIGNATURES OF ACTIVE MASSIVE BLACK HOLES

We present a sample of 151 dwarf galaxies (108.5 ≲ M⋆ ≲ 109.5 M☉) that exhibit optical spectroscopic signatures of accreting massive black holes (BHs), increasing the number of known active galaxies in this stellar-mass range by more than an order of magnitude. Utilizing data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 8 and stellar masses from the NASA-Sloan Atlas, we have systematically searched for active BHs in ∼25,000 emission-line galaxies with stellar masses comparable to the Magellanic Clouds and redshifts z < 0.055. Using the narrow-line [O iii]/Hβ versus [N ii]/Hα diagnostic diagram, we find photoionization signatures of BH accretion in 136 galaxies, a small fraction of which also exhibit broad Hα emission. For these broad-line active galactic nucleus (AGN) candidates, we estimate BH masses using standard virial techniques and find a range of 105 ≲ MBH ≲ 106 M☉ and a median of MBH ∼ 2 × 105 M☉. We also detect broad Hα in 15 galaxies that have narrow-line ratios consistent with star-forming galaxies. Follow-up observations are required to determine if these are true type 1 AGN or if the broad Hα is from stellar processes. The median absolute magnitude of the host galaxies in our active sample is Mg = −18.1 mag, which is ∼1–2 mag fainter than previous samples of AGN hosts with low-mass BHs. This work constrains the smallest galaxies that can form a massive BH, with implications for BH feedback in low-mass galaxies and the origin of the first supermassive BH seeds.
Perceived Neighborhood Safety and Active Transportation in Adults from Eight Latin American Countries

Neighborhood built environment is associated with domain-specific physical activity. However, few studies with representative samples have examined the association between perceived neighborhood safety indicators and domain-specific active transportation in Latin America. This study aimed to examine the associations of perceived neighborhood safety with domain-specific active transportation in adults from eight Latin American countries. Data were obtained from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (n = 8547, aged 18–65). Active transportation (walking and cycling) was assessed using the long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Specifically, traffic density and speed as well as street lightening, visibility of residents regarding pedestrians and bicyclists, traffic lights and crosswalks, safety of public spaces during the day and at night, crime rate during the day and at night were used to evaluate perceived neighborhood safety. Slow traffic speeds, unsafe public spaces during the day, and crime during the day were associated with ≥10 min/week vs. <10 min/week of walking. Furthermore, drivers exceeding the speed limit and crime rate during the day were associated with reporting ≥10 min/week vs. <10 min/week of cycling. These results indicate a stronger association of the perceived neighborhood safety with walking compared to cycling.