Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sudden Bilateral Hearing Impairment in Vertebrobasilar Occlusive Disease

Background Bilateral hearing impairment is rare in vertebrobasilar occlusive disease. Summary of Comment Between 1986 and 1991, we encountered seven patients (four men, three women; median age, 61 years; range, 46–71 years) who had sudden bilateral hearing impairment among 503 patients with vertebrobasilar occlusive disease. The main initial neurological symptoms were sudden bilateral hearing impairment, tinnitus, and vertigo. Acute labyrinthitis or Ménière's disease was the initial diagnosis until subsequent brain stem or cerebellar signs appeared. Brain stem auditory evoked potentials were abnormal bilaterally in six patients but had unilateral attenuation of the IV–V complex in the remaining one patient. Computed tomographic scans in all six patients showed multiple hypodense lesions in the brain stem and the cerebellum. Cerebral angiography showed complete occlusion on both vertebral arteries in one patient, occlusion on the left with small caliber on the right in another, and severe stenosis on both sides in a third. There was no opacification of internal auditory arteries in these three patients. The remaining patient had arteriosclerotic changes with faint opacification of the bilateral internal auditory arteries. Five patients had a poor prognosis, with locked-in state in four and severe truncal ataxia in one. Conclusions We conclude that sudden bilateral hearing impairment in vertebrobasilar occlusive disease is more common than previously recognized and that it may indicate a grave prognosis.
Cross-platform mobile applications for android and iOS

Generally, there are three types of mobile application development, which are native mobile application, cross-platform mobile application and hybrid application. However, there are numbers of mobile devices that runs with different operating systems and languages in the current mobile market. Android and iOS is the most leading representative as the whole of current market. Developing application in different platforms has generated many problems, a lot of time; cost and man power is needed if there is no significant porting work. In order to avoid re-implementing the same type of application separately to fulfil the diverse platform needs, several tools are proposed. For example: XMLVM, PhoneGap, PhoneXML, DragonRad and RhoMobile, each with their own strength. Cross-platform is necessary in current mobile market. Besides that, we have proposed a cross mobile platform for Android and iOS games development using XMLVM.
Epithelial and Mesenchymal Cell Biology Hepatic Hyperplasia Associated with Discordant Xenogeneic Parenchymal-Nonparenchymal Interactions in Human Hepatocyte-Repopulated Mice

From the Yoshizato Project, Cooperative Link of Unique Science and Technology for Economy Revitalization (CLUSTER),* Hiroshima Prefectural Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Hiroshima; the Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo; the Hiroshima University Liver Project Research Center, Hiroshima; PhoenixBio Co., Hiroshima; the Department of Surgery, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima; Liver Research Center, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka; and the Department of Biological Science,** Developmental Biology Laboratory and Hiroshima University 21st Century COE Program for Advanced Radiation Casualty Medicine, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
Evaluation of a joint adult and pediatric clinic for cancer survivorship care

The best model of care for long‐term follow‐up of survivors of childhood cancer is uncertain. We describe the care experience provided by the joint adult/pediatric AfterCare Clinic at the McMaster Children's Hospital. Secondary outcomes include an evaluation of cancer worry, self‐management skills, and loss to follow‐up rates.
Microstructure evolution and torsional fretting fatigue damage mechanism of 316L austenitic stainless steel at different torques

In this study, the torsional fretting fatigue experiments are carried out on a multiaxis fatigue testing machine under a sinusoid torque to investigate the fretting damage mechanism of 316L austenitic stainless steel. The S-N curve of torsional fretting fatigue displays different characteristics than that of the plain fatigue curve. After test, the fretting damage zones are analyzed in detail using scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The transmission electron microscopic analyses show that there are two types of evolution in the dislocation structures: deformation twin system and cellular structure. With the increase in the torsional stress amplitudes, the dislocation structure changes from deformation twin system into walls-and-channel structures, finally evolving into cellular structures.
The incomplete natural history of mitochondria

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been used to study molecular ecology and phylogeography for 25 years. Much important information has been gained in this way, but it is time to reflect on the biology of the mitochondrion itself and consider opportunities for evolutionary studies of the organelle itself and its ecology, biochemistry and physiology. This review has four sections. First, we review aspects of the natural history of mitochondria and their DNA to show that it is a unique molecule with specific characteristics that differ from nuclear DNA. We do not attempt to cover the plethora of differences between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA; rather we spotlight differences that can cause significant bias when inferring demographic properties of populations and/or the evolutionary history of species. We focus on recombination, effective population size and mutation rate. Second, we explore some of the difficulties in interpreting phylogeographical data from mtDNA data alone and suggest a broader use of multiple nuclear markers. We argue that mtDNA is not a sufficient marker for phylogeographical studies if the focus of the investigation is the species and not the organelle. We focus on the potential bias caused by introgression. Third, we show that it is not safe to assume a priori that mtDNA evolves as a strictly neutral marker because both direct and indirect selection influence mitochondria. We outline some of the statistical tests of neutrality that can, and should, be applied to mtDNA sequence data prior to making any global statements concerning the history of the organism. We conclude with a critical examination of the neglected biology of mitochondria and point out several surprising gaps in the state of our knowledge about this important organelle. Here we limelight mitochondrial ecology, sexually antagonistic selection, life‐history evolution including ageing and disease, and the evolution of mitochondrial inheritance.
The breathing effect of the LF/HF ratio in the heart rate variability measurements of athletes

Abstract The purpose of this study was to measure the influence of breathing frequency (BF) on heart rate variability (HRV) and specifically on the Low Frequency/High Frequency (LF/HF) ratio in athletes. Fifteen male athletes were subjected to HRV measurements under six randomised breathing conditions: spontaneous breathing frequency (SBF) and five others at controlled breathing frequencies (CBF) (0.20; 0.175; 0.15; 0.125 and 0.10 Hz). The subjects were divided in two groups: the first group included athletes with SBF <0.15 Hz (infSBF) and the second athletes with SBF higher than 0.15 Hz (supSBF). Fatigue and training load were evaluated using a validated questionnaire. There was no difference between the two groups for the fatigue questionnaire and training load. However, the LF/HF ratio during SBF was higher in infSBF than in supSBF (6.82±4.55 vs. 0.72±0.52; p<0.001). The SBF and LF/HF ratio were significantly correlated (R=−0.69; p=0.004). For the five CBF, no differences were found between groups; however, LF/HF ratios were very significantly different between sessions at 0.20; 0.175; 0.15 Hz and 0.125; 0.10 Hz. In this study, BF was the main modulator of the LF/HF ratio in both controlled breathing and spontaneous breathing. Although, none of the subjects of the infSBF group were overtrained, during SBF they all presented LF/HF ratios higher than four commonly interpreted as an overtraining syndrome. During each CBF, all athletes presented spectral energy mainly concentrated around their BF. Consequently, spectral energy was located either in LF or in HF band. These results demonstrate that the LF/HF ratio is unreliable for studying athletes presenting SBF close to 0.15 Hz leading to misclassification in fatigue.
Effect of Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) on the Expression of IGF-I Messenger Ribonucleic Acid and Peptide in Rat Tibial Growth Plate and Articular Chondrocytes in Vivo.

Conflicting data exist as to whether insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) messenger RNA (mRNA) and peptide are expressed within chondrocytes. This question is pertinent to the mode of GH action on longitudinal bone growth. We have, therefore, investigated this issue in normal rats and in hypophysectomized rats treated for 24 h with GH or IGF-I using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Serum IGF-I, body weight, and tibial growth plate, but not articular cartilage, height increased with both treatments. Both IGF-I mRNA and IGF-I immunoreactivity occurred in all chondrocyte layers of growth plate and articular cartilage. The percentage of cells with IGF-I mRNA correlated well with IGF-I immunoreactivity under all experimental conditions. In normal rats, IGF-I expression was highest in the upper hypertrophic zone in growth plate (68–71%) and articular cartilage (32–34%). Hypophysectomy, GH, or IGF-I did not significantly affect this percentage. In the stem cell and proliferative and lower hypertro.
Traumatic brain injury: relation to executive dysfunction and the frontal lobes.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review examines the applicability of a framework of frontal lobe functioning to understand the sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI). RECENT FINDINGS TBI research illustrates the need for improved phenotyping of TBI outcome. The functions of the frontal lobes are divisible into four distinct anatomically discrete categories: executive functions, speed of processing, personality changes, and problems with empathy and social cognition. Research on the outcome after TBI demonstrates several different types of impairment that map onto this framework. SUMMARY TBI predominantly causes damage to the frontal/temporal regions, regardless of the pathophysiology. Limiting the spotlight to the frontal lobes, a model is presented describing four separate general categories of functions within the frontal lobes, with specific types of processes within each category. A selective review of TBI literature supports the importance of evaluating TBI patients with this framework in mind. In addition, there is growing evidence that rehabilitation of TBI patients must consider this broader approach to direct rehabilitation efforts and improve outcome.
A local perception filter for distributed virtual environments

Dynamic multi-user interactions within a distributed collaborative virtual environment (CVE) suffer from abrupt state transitions due to communication delays-an action by one user only becoming apparent to another user after the delay. This results in a divergence of the environment for the duration of the delay, followed by an abrupt jump to resynchronise, so that the current state of the virtual world is displayed. Such discontinuities do not occur in the real world and thus appear unnatural and disconcerting to the users. This paper develops the concept of a 3 1/2 D perception model, as an alternative to prediction, which locally filters the underlying model, ensuring that each user views a continuous version of the environment, such that no jumps occur, despite delays arising from remote user interaction. Each user's 3 1/2 D filter is specific to their own circumstances, so that each user's perception of the environment is slightly different from that of other users.
Numerical investigation of AC electrokinetically induced fluid flow in a circular microchannel

AC-driven electrothermal flow is used to enhance the chaotic mixing through vortex flow in micro-fluidic systems by nearly an order of magnitude. Diffusion of heat and momentum can be increased because of the electrothermal force acting on the fluid through the applied AC electric field. Numerical simulation of vortex-assisted mixing in circular microchannel flow is investigated by solving a set of governing partial differential equations with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software
Texture driven pose estimation

This article presents a 2D-3D pose estimation algorithm, which relies on texture information on the surface mesh of an object model. The textured surface mesh is rendered in a virtual image and a modified block matching algorithm is applied to determine correspondences between midpoints of surface patches to points in an image. This is used in a point-based 2D-3D pose estimation algorithm to determine the pose and orientation of a 3D object with respect to given image data. We present experiments on various image sequences and show advantages of the chosen approach (e.g. in the context of varying backgrounds, noise or partial occlusions).
Theory of Input Spike Auto- and Cross-Correlations and Their Effect on the Response of Spiking Neurons

Spike correlations between neurons are ubiquitous in the cortex, but their role is not understood. Here we describe the firing response of a leaky integrate-and-fire neuron (LIF) when it receives a temporarily correlated input generated by presynaptic correlated neuronal populations. Input correlations are characterized in terms of the firing rates, Fano factors, correlation coefficients, and correlation timescale of the neurons driving the target neuron. We show that the sum of the presynaptic spike trains cannot be well described by a Poisson process. In fact, the total input current has a nontrivial two-point correlation function described by two main parameters: the correlation timescale (how precise the input correlations are in time) and the correlation magnitude (how strong they are). Therefore, the total current generated by the input spike trains is not well described by a white noise gaussian process. Instead, we model the total current as a colored gaussian process with the same mean and two-point correlation function, leading to the formulation of the problem in terms of a Fokker-Planck equation. Solutions of the output firing rate are found in the limit of short and long correlation timescales. The solutions described here expand and improve on our previous results (Moreno, de la Rocha, Renart, & Parga, 2002) by presenting new analytical expressions for the output firing rate for general IF neurons, extending the validity of the results for arbitrarily large correlation magnitude, and by describing the differential effect of correlations on the mean-driven or noise-dominated firing regimes. Also the details of this novel formalism are given here for the first time. We employ numerical simulations to confirm the analytical solutions and study the firing response to sudden changes in the input correlations. We expect this formalism to be useful for the study of correlations in neuronal networks and their role in neural processing and information transmission.
Design and Development of the Trash Spliter with Three Different Sensors

Abstract. Trash has become a major problem in everyday life. Until now there is no right method to handle it. This paper discusses a method of development of the trash splitter with three different sensors. There are three sensors are used infrared, metal, and light sensors. The results obtained are more effective with the results obtained show the devices have similar accuracy garbage sorting is a metal (98%), organic (26.67%), paper (32%), and plastics (58%). The accuracy of the mixed waste sorting is a metal (94.67%), organic (28%), paper (12%), and plastics (41.3%).
Dynamic appointment scheduling with patient preferences and choices

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to maximize the expected revenue of the outpatient department considering patient preferences and choices. Design/methodology/approach – Patient preference refers to the preferred physician and time slot that patients hold before asking for appointments. Patient choice is the appointment decision the patient made after receiving a set of options from the scheduler. The relationship between patient choices and preferences is explored. A dynamic programming (DP) model is formulated to optimize appointment scheduling with patient preferences and choices. The DP model is transformed to an equivalent linear programming (LP) model. A decomposition method is proposed to eliminate the number of variables. A column generation algorithm is used to resolve computation problem of the resulting LP model. Findings – Numerical studies show the benefit of multiple options provided, and that the proposed algorithm is efficient and accurate. The effects of the booking horizon and arri.
Genetic recombination in bacteria: a discovery account.

For the past four decades, bacteria have been favored objects for molecular genetic research. Along with bacteriophages and other plasmids, they have also been instrumental in the contemporary revolution in biotechnology. The importance of bacteria as agents of infectious disease was clearly established by 1876, but this motivated little interest in their fundamental biology until about sixty-five years later. For most of that interval, the genetics of bacteria was a particularly neglected no-man’s-land between the disciplines of genetics and of medical bacteriology. Bacteria could not be adopted as models for genetic research until there was some substantiation of the view that they had a genetic system like other organisms. On the contrary, Julian Huxley had once suggested of bacteria that “the entire organism appears to function both as soma and germ plasm and evolution must be a matter of alteration in the reaction system as a whole” (34). Other influential figures like Hinshelwood (32) and Darlington (15) voiced similar views. (Darlington and Huxley, but not Hinshelwood. quickly embraced a more modem perspective when new evidence emerged.) The question reached closure in 1946 with the demonstration of sexual crossing in the bacterium Escherichia coli strain K-12 (66). A brief reminiscence has been published for the fortieth anniversary of that publication (60). That article was joined with some reflections on whether this was a postmature discovery and whether the same inquiry might have been made at a much earlier historical epoch, perhaps promptly after the rediscovery of Mendelism at the turn of the century (103). The present account concentrates on the scientific milieu and convergent personal histories of Francis J. Ryan (19161963) (76, 80), Edward L. Tatum (1909-1975) (59, 611, and myself, Joshua Lederberg (1925) at Columbia
Shape Code Based Word-Image Matching for Retrieval of Indian Multi-lingual Documents

In the current scenario retrieving information from document images is a challenging problem. In this paper we propose a shape code based word-image matching (word-spotting) technique for retrieval of multilingual documents written in Indian languages. Here, each query word image to be searched is represented by a primitive shape code using (i) zonal information of extreme points (ii) vertical shape based feature (iii) crossing count (with respect to vertical bar position) (iv) loop shape and position (v) background information etc. Each candidate word (a word having similar aspect ratio and topological feature to the query word) of the document is also coded accordingly. Then, an inexact string matching technique is used to measure the similarity between the primitive codes generated from the query word image and each candidate word of the document with which the query image is to be searched. Based on the similarity score, we retrieve the document where the query image is found. Experimental results on Bangla, Devnagari and Gurumukhi scripts document image databases confirm the feasibility and efficiency of our proposed approach.
Fate of antibiotic resistance genes and class 1 integrons in soil microcosms following the application of treated residual municipal wastewater solids.

Substantial quantities of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are discharged with treated residual municipal wastewater solids and subsequently applied to soil. The objective of this work was to determine the decay rates for ARGs and class 1 integrons following simulated land application of treated wastewater solids. Treated residual solids from two full-scale treatment plants were applied to sets of triplicate soil microcosms in two independent experiments. Experiment 1 investigated loading rates of 20, 40, and 100 g kg(-1) of residual solids to a sandy soil, while experiment 2 investigated a loading rate of 40 g kg(-1) to a silty-loamy soil. Five ARGs (erm(B), sul1, tet(A), tet(W), and tet(X)), the integrase of class 1 integrons (intI1), 16S rRNA genes, 16S rRNA genes of all Bacteroides spp. , and 16S rRNA genes of human-specific Bacteroides spp. were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. ARGs and intI1 quantities declined in most microcosms, with statistically significant (P < 0.05) half-lives varying between 13 d (erm(B), experiment 1, 100 g kg(-1)) and 81 d (intI1, experiment 1, 40 g kg(-1)). These kinetic rates were much slower than have been previously reported for unit operations used to treat wastewater solids (e.g., anaerobic digestion). This research suggests that the design and operation of municipal wastewater treatment facilities with the explicit goal of mitigating the release of ARGs should focus on using technologies within the treatment facility, rather than depending on attenuation subsequent to land application.
The Influence of (Dis)belief in Free Will on Immoral Behavior

One of the hallmarks of human existence is that we all hold beliefs that determine how we act. Amongst such beliefs, the idea that we are endowed with free will appears to be linked to prosocial behaviors, probably by enhancing the feeling of responsibility of individuals over their own actions. However, such effects appear to be more complex that one might have initially thought. Here, we aimed at exploring how induced disbeliefs in free will impact the sense of agency over the consequences of one’s own actions in a paradigm that engages morality. To do so, we asked participants to choose to inflict or to refrain from inflicting an electric choc to another participant in exchange of a small financial benefit. Our results show that participants who were primed with a text defending neural determinism – the idea that humans are a mere bunch of neurons guided by their biology – administered fewer shocks and were less vindictive toward the other participant. Importantly, this finding only held for female participants. These results show the complex interaction between gender, (dis)beliefs in free will and moral behavior.