Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Designing Less-Structured P2P Systems for the Expected High Churn

We address the problem of highly transient populations in unstructured and loosely structured peer-to-peer (P2P) systems. We propose a number of illustrative query-related strategies and organizational protocols that, by taking into consideration the expected session times of peers (their lifespans), yield systems with performance characteristics more resilient to the natural instability of their environments. We first demonstrate the benefits of lifespan-based organizational protocols in terms of end-application performance and in the context of dynamic and heterogeneous Internet environments. We do this using a number of currently adopted and proposed query-related strategies, including methods for query distribution, caching, and replication. We then show, through trace-driven simulation and wide-area experimentation, the performance advantages of lifespan-based, query-related strategies when layered over currently employed and lifespan-based organizational protocols. While merely illustrative, the evaluated strategies and protocols clearly demonstrate the advantages of considering peers' session time in designing widely-deployed P2P systems.
Cultural translation of mobile telephones: mediation of strained communication among Ethiopian married couples*

ABSTRACT Primarily aiming to highlight and exemplify how a technology can be socially and culturally appropriated, this article draws attention to the role of mobile phone communication in straining relations between married couples on the basis of material from Ethiopia. The findings show that mobile phone-mediated interactions between spouses are filled with monitoring and controlling activities, expressed in such forms as checking call logs, text messages, making casual calls, and switching-off phones, leading to highly strained relations that may result in the marital relation as a whole falling apart. These findings show how a technology can actively shape or influence interactions, and reveal interactions that might otherwise be concealed.
Effects of a Robot's Long-Term Cognitive Developments on Its Social Presence and People's Social Responses Toward It

This study tests the effect of long-term artifi cial development of a robot on users’ feelings of social presence and social responses toward the robot. The study is a 2 (developmental capability: developmental versus fully matured) x 2 (number of participants: individual versus group) between-subjects experiment (N = 40) in which participants interact with Sony’s robot dog, AIBO, for a month. The results showed that the developmental capability factor had signifi cant positive impacts on (a) perceptions of AIBO as a lifelike creature, (b) feelings of social presence, and (c) social responses toward AIBO. The number of participants factor, however, affected only the parasocial relationship and the buying intention variables. No interaction between the two factors was found. The results of a series of path analyses showed that feelings of social presence mediated participants’ social responses toward AIBO. We discuss implications of the current study on human–robot interaction, the computers are social actors (CASA) paradigm, and the study of (tele)presence.
Sex Differences in the Expression of Hepatic Drug Metabolizing Enzymes

Sex differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics characterize many drugs and contribute to individual differences in drug efficacy and toxicity. Sex-based differences in drug metabolism are the primary cause of sex-dependent pharmacokinetics and reflect underlying sex differences in the expression of hepatic enzymes active in the metabolism of drugs, steroids, fatty acids and environmental chemicals, including cytochromes P450 (P450s), sulfotransferases, glutathione transferases, and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Studies in the rat and mouse liver models have identified more than 1000 genes whose expression is sex-dependent; together, these genes impart substantial sexual dimorphism to liver metabolic function and pathophysiology. Sex differences in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics also occur in humans and are due in part to the female-predominant expression of CYP3A4, the most important P450 catalyst of drug metabolism in human liver. The sexually dimorphic expression of P450s and other liver-expressed genes is regulated by the temporal pattern of plasma growth hormone (GH) release by the pituitary gland, which shows significant sex differences. These differences are most pronounced in rats and mice, where plasma GH profiles are highly pulsatile (intermittent) in male animals versus more frequent (nearly continuous) in female animals. This review discusses key features of the cell signaling and molecular regulatory mechanisms by which these sex-dependent plasma GH patterns impart sex specificity to the liver. Moreover, the essential role proposed for the GH-activated transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5b, and for hepatic nuclear factor (HNF) 4α, as mediators of the sex-dependent effects of GH on the liver, is evaluated. Together, these studies of the cellular, molecular, and gene regulatory mechanisms that underlie sex-based differences in liver gene expression have provided novel insights into the physiological regulation of both xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism.
Multi‐media research and the consumption of popular culture

Purpose – The purpose of this editorial is to introduce six audio‐visual and written pieces that communicate research findings about contemporary popular culture.Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides a summary overview of the papers in the special issue, highlighting similarities across submissions as well their distinctive contributions.Findings – The authors conclude that researchers apply audio‐visual material to communicate their research findings in at least two ways: as stand‐alones to convey key messages; and to validate and/or dramatize highlights of their written work.Originality/value – The paper provides an introduction to a special issue that features the application of multi‐media to communicate research findings associated with contemporary popular culture.
Development and Validation of Leadership Skill Assessment Scale for Secondary School Principals

This study was designed to develop and validate principals’ Leadership Skill Assessment Scale. It is an instrumentation study. The sample for the study comprised all the secondary school principals in Enugu State. Two research questions guided the study. Data were collected using a draft copy of the Principals Leadership Skill Assessment Scale. The data were subjected to construct validation using factor analysis with varimax rotation and Cronbach Alpha(α). Results of data analysis reveal that out of the thirty six items subjected to construct validation, only thirty-one items had a minimum loading of up to 0.35 (acceptance level for factor loading according to Menedith, 1969) on the six factors extracted. Five items did not attain the minimum loading on any of the six factors. One item was loaded on factors 3 and 4 and was considered factorially complex and was discarded along side the other five items that did not attain the minimum loading of 0.35 on any of the six factors. Result of factor analysis also reveals that some factors have fewer than four items loaded on them. Because it is not easy to explain such factors, the four items were also discarded. Out of the thirty six items, a total of ten items (items 14, 21, 22, 24, 27, 28, 32, 33, 34 and 36) were dropped as invalid items. Test of internal consistency for the surviving twenty-six items reveal that the instrument has an internal consistency index of 0.958. Based on the findings, the researcher recommends that measurement of principals leadership skill should constitute a regular practice of the Post Primary Schools Management Board especially now that a valid and reliable instrument for the exercise has been developed. The researcher further recommends that researchers in the field of leadership should adopt this instrument in situations that require a clear assessment of principals’ leadership skills. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2013. v3n5p9
Avaliação da fluência verbal em crianças com transtorno da falta de atenção com hiperatividade: um estudo comparativo

PURPOSE: to compare the performances of individuals with ADHD and control group, in verbal fluency tests, from 7 to 12 years, without cognitive deficit. METHODS: 22 children with ADHD and 34 control group had been evaluated, students of a public school in the State of Rio de Janeiro. A verbal fluency test was applied, subdivided in evaluation of the phonological fluency, using the letter F and semantics, using Animal category in the semantic test. The verbal fluency tests evaluate the number of verballyproduced words, in just one minute period. Four intervals of 15 seconds had been created looking for setting up the relation of words said in each interval for each group. The participants had been divided by age to make easier the analysis of the results. RESULTS: no difference between genders was found. The average number of words in phonological and semantics tests had been compared. The performance of the phonological test had been lower than semantics in both groups. The ADHD group presented similar results to the control group in both tests, but with different latency periods. CONCLUSION: the performances of ADHD in phonological verbal fluency and semantics had been similar to the control group, and the higher results had occurred in the semantics tests in both groups.
Speech enhancement by speech intelligibility index in sensor network

Speech enhancement aims to improve speech quality by using various algorithms. The main objective of enhancement is to improvement in intelligibility and overall perceptual quality of degraded speech signal using audio signal processing techniques. In the field of speech enhancement, enhancing of speech means degraded by noise in its wide range of applications such as mobile phones, VoIP, teleconferencing systems etc. In general there are three different methods used to estimate speech intelligibility. Namely, Speech Intelligibility Index (SII), Speech Transmission Index (STI) and Articulation Index (AI). Here it is proposed that SII is most robust physical measure and the comparison between Speech Intelligibility index in presence of stationary noise (White Gaussian Noise) and non-stationary noise (Speech noise) is done. Simulation result shows that SII is better in presence of non-stationary noise (a female voice of sampling frequency 16 KHz). Here two wideband speech signals are considered for performance evaluation since it brings the improvement over traditional narrowband such as increases the intelligibility and enables the spatial auditory displays etc. The speech signal are generated and simulated with the MATLAB environment. The real time speech signals are recorded with the help of acoustic sensor present inside the microphone.
Perceived Demands of Social Change and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents From Different Educational Tracks

We analyzed whether perceived demands associated with social change and coping with these demands are related to depressive symptoms in German adolescents from the highest versus middle/lowest educational track. Demands reflected an increase in uncertainty (e.g., risk for getting no job). Adolescents on the highest educational track perceived fewer demands in the field of education/work and reported lower levels of depression than adolescents on lower educational tracks. In addition, work-related demands were associated with depressive symptoms only in students on lower educational tracks. Whereas problem-focused coping with these demands was associated with lower depressive symptoms in all students, we found that associations of distancing from demands with depression varied by educational track. We conclude that increased uncertainty associated with social change serves as a stressor that relates to adolescents’ depressive symptoms. However, educational attainment is an important resource for dealing with these stressors.
Improving Educational Administration Preparation Programs: What We Have Learned Over the Past Decade.

The past decade has been one of great ferment for those of us concerned with the preparation of educational administrators. The press for educational reform that began in the early 1980s with the National Commission on Excellence in Education's (1983) report, A Nation at Risk, soon spread to the recognition of the need to improve leadership in our country's schools. That demand inevitably led to concerns about how these leaders were being prepared. The University Council for Educational Administration, which represents many of the leading higher education leadership preparation programs, highlighted these concerns when it established the National Commission on Excellence in Educational Administration (1987). The commission concluded that preparation programs were marked by "lack of a definition of good educational leadership . lack of collaboration between school districts and universities . lack of systemic professional
Impact of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy with Proton Pump Inhibitors on the Outcome of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation

This study aimed to assess if proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may reduce the effectiveness of clopidogrel, than H2 antagonist (anti-H2) in order to determine rehospitalization for acute coronary syndrome (re-ACS), target vessel revascularization (TVR) and cardiac death. This case-control study included 176 patients with ACS undergoing angioplasty (PCI) with drug-eluting stent implantation. The population was divided into two groups: PPI group (n = 121) consisting of patients receiving at discharge dual antiplatelet therapy (DAT) plus PPI and anti-H2 group (n = 55), consisting of patients receiving at discharge DAT + H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA). In a followup of 36 months the prevalence of ACS event (P = 0.014), TVR (P = 0.031) was higher in the PPI group than in the anti-H2 group; instead there was no statistically significant difference between groups for death. The variables independently associated with ACS were the diabetes, omeprazole, and esomeprazole; instead the variables independently associated with TVR were only omeprazole. Our data shows that the use of omeprazole and esomeprazole, with clopidogrel, is associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes after PCI with drug-eluting stent implantation.
Educating and Training the Workforce to Work with People with Dementia: Two Projects from the United Kingdom

Educating and training the dementia workforce is a global challenge, given the expected increasing number of people living with dementia across the world as the population ages. Two projects from the UK (one regionally and one locality based) investigated courses available to the workforce and mapped the content of identified courses against a locally developed dementia care pathway. The locality project included a survey of what percentage of staff time was spent with people living with dementia, and what percentage of staff caseloads were devoted to people living with dementia. There was a great variation in the extent of education and training available, with some stages of the dementia care pathway poorly addressed. An educational strategy for the dementia workforce in the UK might include four categories of education and training: basic dementia awareness, intermediate level, advanced level, and dementia awareness for managers. Staff requiring education and training might be divided into three groups: those employed to work specifically with people living with dementia and their families; those working with people who have other conditions but some of whom will have a coincidental dementia; those working with other conditions but in settings where a high proportion of their patients have a comorbid dementia. To improve workforce skills in dementia care will require actions across the whole of education and training for professionals and untrained workers who provide services to this group.
Identity, embodied culture and physical exercise

The article has two closely connected aims. The first is to illuminate some embodied aspects of identity that might contribute to the understanding of the underrepresentation of girls with immigrant parents in sports clubs. The second, and most important aim, is to discuss some recent identity theories. Roughly speaking two approaches dominate studies of, and public debates on, the lives and identities of young girls with immigrant parents; hybridity and Creole identity perspectives on the one hand, and power perspectives addressing control and restrictions by parents and persons from power elites on the other. Advantages and problems with these perspectives are discussed in the light of stories about physical exercise told by girls with immigrant parents. Even though they provide some important insights, the two perspectives are criticized for lacking a grip of the non-reflexive parts of identities. The article concludes by suggesting that practice perspectives could contribute to a more complete understanding of the lives and identities of young minority girls.
Further Evidence for the Division of Attention Among Non-contiguous Locations

Models of visual attention have, with few exceptions, suggested that attention is deployed to unitary regions of visual space. Kramer and Hahn (1995) recently reported that attention is considerably more flexible than previously believed, such that under some conditions attention may be focused on multiple non-contiguous areas of the visual field. In the five studies reported here, we examined the boundary conditions on the ability to divide attention among different locations in visual space. In each of the studies, subjects performed a same-different matching task with target letters that were presented on opposite sides of a set of distractor letters. Experiments 1, 2 and 3 provide further support for our proposal that subjects can concurrently attend to non-contiguous locations as long as new objects do not appear between the attended areas. Experiment 4 examined whether the disruption of multiple attentional foci was the result of the capture of attention by new objects per se, or by task-irrelevant .
Brief mindfulness training for attentional problems after traumatic brain injury: A randomised control treatment trial

A mindfulness meditation technique has been shown to be effective in reducing self-reports of pain and mood disorder in chronic pain patients. Although a pilot study on traumatic brain injury patients showed improvement in self-report of cognitive impairment, a larger scale randomised control treatment trial found no differences on objective or self-report measures of cognitive function, mood or symptom reporting. Brief exposure to mindfulness meditation cannot be recommended as a treatment technique for traumatic brain injury cases.
CXCR7 maintains osteosarcoma invasion after CXCR4 suppression in bone marrow microenvironment

The major cause of death in osteosarcoma is the invasion and metastasis. Better understanding of the molecular mechanism of osteosarcoma invasion is essential in developing effective tumor-suppressive therapies. Interaction between chemokine receptors plays a crucial role in regulating osteosarcoma invasion. Here, we investigated the relationship between CXCR7 and CXCR4 in osteosarcoma invasion induced by bone marrow microenvironment. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were co-cultured with osteosarcoma cells to mimic actual bone marrow microenvironment. Osteosarcoma cell invasion and CXCL12/CXCR4 activation were observed within this co-culture model. Interestingly, in this co-culture model, osteosarcoma cell invasion was not inhibited by suppressing CXCR4 expression with neutralizing antibody or specific inhibitor AMD3100. Downstream signaling extracellular signal–regulated kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 were not significantly affected by CXCR4 inhibition. However, suppressing CXCR4 led to CXCR7 upregulation. Constitutive expression of CXCR7 could maintain osteosarcoma cell invasion when CXCR4 was suppressed. Simultaneously, inhibiting CXCR4 and CXCR7 compromised osteosarcoma invasion in co-culture system and suppressed extracellular signal–regulated kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signals. Moreover, bone marrow microenvironment, not CXCL12 alone, is required for CXCR7 activation after CXCR4 suppression. Taken together, suppressing CXCR4 is not enough to impede osteosarcoma invasion in bone marrow microenvironment since CXCR7 is activated to sustain invasion. Therefore, inhibiting both CXCR4 and CXCR7 could be a promising strategy in controlling osteosarcoma invasion.
Speeded tests of implicit knowledge.

Three experiments tested the hypothesis that implicit and explicit tasks involve distinct modes of processing. Ss observed rule-ordered letter strings and were asked either to memorize the strings or to try to discover the underlying rules. In Experiment 1, they then made well-formedness judgments of novel strings under long-deadline and short-deadline conditions. Rule-discovery Ss, but not memory Ss, were impaired by the short deadline. In Experiment 2, all Ss made "similarity" judgments of the novel strings instead of the traditional "rule-based" judgments; there were now no differences between the rule-discovery and memory groups. In Experiment 3, Ss explicitly instructed in the rules were significantly more impaired under short deadlines than were memory Ss. An analysis of decision times to individual strings for the rule-trained versus memory groups also showed qualitative differences consistent with the implicit-explicit distinction. Implicit learning is described as an unconscious, passive process that results in knowledge that is abstract, powerful, yet unavailable to conscious awareness (Reber, 1989). It shows itself to be superior to explicit knowledge when making judgments under conditions of great complexity. In this view, implicit learning involves a separate mode of processing that is qualitatively different from conscious, explicit learning. Recently, however, this notion of separate and distinct modes of learning has been challenged on both methodological and theoretical grounds (Dulany, Carlson, & Dewey, 1984; Perruchet & Pacteau, 1990).