Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Facilitation with Non-Human Agents: Possible or not?

As interactions with non-human agents increase, it is important to understand and predict the consequences of human interactions with them. Social facilitation has a longstanding history within the realm of social psychology and is characterized by the presence of other humans having a beneficial effect on performance on easy tasks and inhibiting performance on difficult tasks. While social facilitation has been shown across task types and experimental conditions with human agents, very little research has examined whether this effect can also be induced by non-human agents and, if so, to what degree the level of humanness and embodiment of those agents influences that effect. In the current experiment, we apply a common social facilitation task (i.e., numerical distance judgments) to investigate to what extent the presence of agents of varying degrees of humanness benefits task performance. Results show a significant difference in performance between easy and difficult task conditions, but show no significant improvement in task performance in the social presence conditions compared to performing the task alone. This suggests that the presence of others did not have a positive effect on performance, at least not when social presence was manipulated via still images. Implications of this finding for future studies, as well as for human-robot interaction are discussed.
Validation of the Malay Version of the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) among Malaysian Cancer Patients

It is important to study optimism as it is negatively correlated with anxiety and depressive and positively correlated with quality of life in cancer patients. This study translated and investigated the psychometric properties of the Malay version of the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) among Malaysian cancer patients. The validated Malay version of the LOT-R will be used for assessing level of optimism among Malaysian cancer patients in future studies and determine factors associated with it in order to design effective psychosocial intervention which will enhance level of optimism in cancer patients. Concurrent translation and back translation of original English version of the LOT-R to Malay was performed and the Malay version was administered to 195 cancer patients of different cancer diagnoses at baseline assessment and repeated 2 months later at follow up. Reliability was assessed with internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient), validity was assessed with face, content, convergent, and discriminant validities. Construct validity was examined with exploratory factor analysis. Two third of the participants (n = 129/195; 66%) were of middle age, three forth were females (n = 142/195; 72.8%) and eight tenth were Malays (n = 160/195; 82.1%). The LOT-R (Malay) total score (Cronbach’s α = 0.58; ICC = 0.62) and its domains (Cronbach’s α [Optimism) = 0.60; Cronbach’s α [Pessimism) = 0.42; ICC [Optimism] = 0.61; ICC [Pessimism] = 0.59) demonstrated questionable internal consistencies but acceptable test-retest reliability. Convergent and discriminant validities were achieved by the LOT-R (Malay). Construct validity was also demonstrated by the LOT-R (Malay) as exploratory factor analysis showed that all the items had factor loadings > 0.4. The LOT-R (Malay) has acceptable psychometric properties and suitable to assess optimism in Malaysian cancer patients. It should be validated for use in other Malaysian populations.
Improving V2I Edge Communication by Performance Maps

Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication is important for the collection of probe vehicle data and traffic information. When using IEEE 802.11 as access technology (ITS-G5 or WAVE), the communication between moving vehicles and fixed infrastructure, such as roadside stations, is most efficient when the passing vehicle reaches a window of opportunity that is characterized by high frame success rates. If the approaching vehicle does not know this window, it might receive a message from a roadside station announcing its presence while at the same time it needs several transmission attempts to transfer data to this roadside station. In this paper we propose a method to overcome this problem: As standard ITS beacon messages contain the geographic locations of the sending vehicles, the roadside station can use this information to create a performance map, which is basically a data structure that shows at which distance a certain frame success ratio can be expected. By disseminating this information (piggybacked to its own beacons), the roadside station can inform approaching vehicles to start transmissions only at those positions, where the expected success rate is high.
Gibraltar: Exposing Hardware Devices to Web Pages Using AJAX

Gibraltar is a new framework for exposing hardware devices to web pages. Gibraltar's fundamental insight is that Java-Script's AJAX facility can be used as a hardware access protocol. Instead of relying on the browser to mediate device interactions, Gibraltar sandboxes the browser and uses a small device server to handle hardware requests. The server uses native code to interact with devices, and it exports a standard web server interface on the localhost. To access hardware, web pages send device commands to the server using HTTP requests; the server returns hardware data via HTTP responses. Using a client-side JavaScript library, we build a simple yet powerful device API atop this HTTP transfer protocol. The API is particularly useful to developers of mobile web pages, since mobile platforms like cell phones have an increasingly wide array of sensors that, prior to Gibraltar, were only accessible via native code plugins or the limited, inconsistent APIs provided by HTML5. Our implementation of Gibraltar on Android shows that Gibraltar provides stronger security guarantees than HTML5; furthermore, it shows that HTTP is responsive enough to support interactive web pages that perform frequent hardware accesses. Gibraltar also supports an HTML5 compatibility layer that implements the HTML5 interface but provides Gibraltar's stronger security.
STUDI TENTANG LATAR BELAKANG PELAKU Self Injury

Guilty and suppressed feeling and who want to overcome their emotional stress, become a surprising phenomenon. How could someone injure his/her own body to break his/her stress or anger? Actually, there are still many other ways to overcome those guilty, suppressed or angry feelings. This research is conducted because of many people do self-injury and this action is very dangerous. Researcher feels that it is necessary to conduct this research. Based on the research background and the few of study on this self-injury matter, researcher is interested to study more the reason why someone injure his/her self and review it deeper. Researcher uses qualitative design research with study case method. The research subject is two respondents, male and female in sex. Interpretation method is used to analyze data. Data collecting technique is interview and the application of psychological test instrument, namely Rorschach. And for data validity method, triangulation method is used. Based on the research result, it shows that factors underlying both subjects in injuring their selves are a physic violence who has accepted by subject, unconsistent of educate pattern and the subject often requested to defer in many condition from their brothers caused both of subject do the emotion repretion from their stressed feeling. Then,it created a resistance to express their emotion. From the physic violence that are accepted when they were child. Both of subject never learn to find a good problem solving. The known problem solving by both of subject is just in aggression form. And when they confronted with a stressor, because of the resistance in expressing emotion, so they choose to release the emotion to themselves. The releasing form is in self injury. And something to strength that habit become repetitive was there is a positive strengthening from reinforcement, that is, strengthed positively by giving the attention by other people to subject 1 or strengthed positively with satisfy feeling after distribute their emotion to subject 2 and to dissapear the unpleased feeling emotion condition who felt by both of subject
A Robust Distance with Correlated Metric Learning for Multi-Instance Multi-Label Data

In multi-instance data, every object is a bag that contains multiple elements or instances. Each bag may be assigned to one or more classes, such that it has at least one instance corresponding to every assigned class. However, since the annotations are at bag-level, there is no direct association between the instances within a bag and the assigned class labels, hence making the problem significantly challenging. While existing methods have mostly focused on Bag-to-Bag or Class-to-Bag distances, in this paper, we address the multiple instance learning problem using a novel Bag-to-Class distance measure. This is based on two observations: (a) existence of outliers is natural in multi-instance data, and (b) there may exist multiple instances within a bag that belong to a particular class. In order to address these, in the proposed distance measure (a) we employ L1-distance that brings robustness against outliers, and (b) rather than considering only the most similar instance-pair during distance computation as done by existing methods, we consider a subset of instances within a bag while determining its relevance to a given class. We parameterize the proposed distance measure using class-specific distance metrics, and propose a novel metric learning framework that explicitly captures inter-class correlations within the learned metrics. Experiments on two popular datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed distance measure and metric learning.
Gradually Increased Training Intensity Benefits Rehabilitation Outcome after Stroke by BDNF Upregulation and Stress Suppression

Physical training is necessary for effective rehabilitation in the early poststroke period. Animal studies commonly use fixed training intensity throughout rehabilitation and without adapting it to the animals' recovered motor ability. This study investigated the correlation between training intensity and rehabilitation efficacy by using a focal ischemic stroke rat model. Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion surgery. Sixty rats with successful stroke were then randomly assigned into four groups: control (CG, n = 15), low intensity (LG, n = 15), gradually increased intensity (GIG, n = 15), and high intensity (HG, n = 15). Behavioral tests were conducted daily to evaluate motor function recovery. Stress level and neural recovery were evaluated via plasma corticosterone and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration, respectively. GIG rats significantly (P < 0.05) recovered motor function and produced higher hippocampal BDNF (112.87 ± 25.18 ng/g). GIG and LG rats exhibited similar stress levels (540.63 ± 117.40 nM/L and 508.07 ± 161.30 nM/L, resp.), which were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that (716.90 ± 156.48 nM/L) of HG rats. Training with gradually increased intensity achieved better recovery with lower stress. Our observations indicate that a training protocol that includes gradually increasing training intensity should be considered in both animal and clinical studies for better stroke recovery.
Cytotoxicity of Intracellular Aβ42 Amyloid Oligomers Involves Ca2+ Release from the Endoplasmic Reticulum by Stimulated Production of Inositol Trisphosphate

Oligomeric forms of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) disrupt cellular Ca2+ regulation by liberating Ca2+ into the cytosol from both extracellular and intracellular sources. We elucidated the actions of intracellular Aβ42 by imaging Ca2+ responses to injections of Aβ oligomers into Xenopus oocytes. Two types of signal were observed: (1) local, “channel-like” transients dependent on extracellular Ca2+ influx, which resembled signals from amlyoid pores formed by extracellular application of oligomers; and (2) local transients and global Ca2+ waves, resembling Ca2+ puffs and waves mediated by inositol trisphosphate (IP3). The latter responses were suppressed by antagonists of the IP3 receptor (caffeine and heparin), pretreatment with the Gi/o-protein inhibitor pertussis toxin, and pretreatment with lithium to deplete membrane inositol lipids. We show that G-protein-mediated stimulation of IP3 production and consequent liberation of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum by intracellular Aβ oligomers is cytotoxic, potentially representing a novel pathological mechanism in AD which may be further exacerbated by AD-linked mutations in presenilins to promote opening of IP3 receptor/channels.
Performance problems online detection in cloud computing systems via analyzing request execution paths

It is quite a headache for developers to online detect performance problems in large-scale cloud computing systems. The behavior and the hidden connections among the huge amount of runtime request execution paths in cloud computing systems usually contain useful information for performance problem detection. In this paper, we propose an approach to rapidly diagnose the source of performance degradation in large-scale non-stop cloud computing systems. The approach first groups the user requests into categories with a fast clustering algorithm; then applies the principal components analysis to extract the primary methods; finally compares the normal and abnormal behaviors of the primary methods to localize the main cause of performance problems. We conduct extensive experiments over a real-world enterprise system providing services for the public. The results show that our approach can locate the prime causes of performance problems accurately and efficiently.1
A New Contour Detection Approach in Mammogram Using Rational Wavelet Filtering and MRF Smoothing

This paper presents a new approach to detect breast contour in mammogram. Formed from a class of rational orthogonal wavelets (ROWs), a 2-D image filter is constructed for prefiltering of the mammogram. The filtered image facilitates a simple binarisation of the mammogram. An initial breast contour is then extracted from the binarised image with a simple boundary scan technique. Based on Markov Random Field (MRF) modelling and iterated conditional modes (ICM) relaxation, a smoothing algorithm is developed to further smooth the initial contour. The proposed smoothing algorithm has a unique advantage of smoothing the breast contour while the nipple is preserved with high fidelity. In comparison with contour detection techniques relying on the calculation of varying thresholds based on histgram analysis, a single fixed ROW image filter is sufficient for all mammograms being analysed. The ROW filter is adaptive to varying statistics of mammograms regarding the pixel intensity. Results prove the robustness of the proposed detection algorithm for 82 mammograms from the Mini-MIAS database.
Reactive and real power compensation in distribution line using D-STATCOM with energy storage

In this paper, Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (D-STATCOM) using a control strategy based on instantaneous symmetrical component theory, has been utilized to provide reactive and real power compensation in the distribution line. Reactive power compensation is required in the distribution line to reduce the reactive power burden and to mitigate other undesirable effects being caused by the inductive type load, while real power compensation is also required to be provided to reduce the effect of voltage drop being caused due to the comparatively higher resistance of the distribution line. Generally, no compensation is provided in distribution line; even the conventional devices which are used for compensation suffer from many limitations. D-STATCOM is a power electronics based shunt connected compensating device which proves to be very useful to provide reactive and real power compensation in the distribution line. In this paper, using D-STATCOM, first reactive power compensation and then real power compensation is provided in the distribution line. To provide only reactive power compensation a capacitor is used, while to provide real power compensation a battery energy storage system is used. The simulation results prove that the D-STATCOM with the proposed control strategy provides full reactive power compensation and also partial real power compensation in the distribution line for different values of loads.
A Multi Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for the Quadratic Assignment Problem

Quadratic assignment problem (QAP) is one of the hardest combinatorial optimization problems which can model many real life problems. Because of its theoretical and practical importance, QAP has attracted attention of many researchers. In this paper, a multi hybrid genetic algorithm for solving QAP is proposed. The key feature of our approach is the hybridization of three metaheuristics, tabu search, simulated annealing and ant system with genetic algorithm. These metaheuristics are used to create a good initial population and later to improve individuals in future generations. Our proposed approach is applied to a number of standard test problems and our computational results are compared with those of three metaheuristics when applied on the same problems alone. It is understood that our approach is one of best algorithms which deals with QAP.
Molecular dosimetry of ethylene oxide: formation and persistence of 7-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine in DNA following repeated exposures of rats and mice.

The formation of 7-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine (7-HEG) in DNA of target and nontarget tissues was investigated in male B6C3F1 mice (20/group) and F344 rats (10/group) exposed to 0, 3, 10, 33, 100, or 300 (rats only) ppm ethylene oxide (ETO) by inhalation for 6 h/day for 4 weeks (5 days/week) and mice exposed to 100 ppm ETO for 1 or 3 days or 1, 2, or 4 weeks (5 days/week). The persistence of 7-HEG was studied in mice killed up to 7 days after cessation of the 4-week time-course study. In addition, the formation of O6-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine and 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)adenine was evaluated in rats exposed to 300 ppm ETO. DNA samples from control and treated animals were analyzed for 7-HEG using neutral thermal hydrolysis, microconcentration, and high-performance liquid chromatography separation with fluorescence detection. Fluorescence-linked high-performance liquid chromatography was used for O6-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine quantitation, and immunochromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used for 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)adenine detection. Analysis of DNA from tissues of control mice and rats revealed the presence of peaks equivalent to 2-6 pmol 7-HEG/mg DNA. In mice exposed to 100 ppm ETO, 7-HEG accumulated to a similar extent in target and nontarget tissues, with adduct concentrations ranging from 17.5 +/- 3.0 (SE) (testis) to 32.9 +/- 1.9 (lung) pmol adduct/mg DNA after 4 weeks of exposure. Concurrent exposures of mice and rats to 100 ppm ETO for 4 weeks led to 2- to 3-fold lower concentrations of 7-HEG in mouse DNA in all tissues compared to rat DNA. 7-HEG disappeared slowly in a nearly linear fashion from the DNA of mouse kidney (t1/2 = 6.9 days) and rat brain and lung (t1/2 = 5.4-5.8 days), which was consistent with the loss of adduct mainly by chemical depurination. In contrast, a more rapid removal of 7-HEG from other mouse (t1/2 = 1.0-2.3 days) and rat (t1/2 = 2.9-4.8 days) tissues was consistent with adduct loss by depurination and DNA repair. Dose-response relationships for 7-HEG were nonlinear in both mice and rats, with the alkylating efficiency of ETO increasing at high exposures. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Point Symmetries of Generalized Toda Field Theories

A class of two-dimensional field theories with exponential interactions is introduced. The interaction depends on two ``coupling'' matrices and is sufficiently general to include all Toda field theories existing in the literature. Lie point symmetries of these theories are found for an infinite, semi-infinite and finite number of fields. Special attention is accorded to conformal invariance and its breaking.
Computing challenges of the cosmic microwave background

The authors address the challenge of extracting high-precision measurements of cosmological parameters from upcoming megapixel cosmic-microwave data sets. They discuss the computational challenges associated with current methods for going from the time streams to multifrequency sky maps, from these maps to the different sky signals, and from there to the statistical properties of the cosmic microwave background.
In vitro selection and characterization of a bleomycin-resistant subline of B16 melanoma.

A subline of B16 melanoma cells which is 10-fold resistant to bleomycin (BLM) was developed by exposure of the parental cell line to sequential increases in BLM concentration. This resistance to BLM is stable for over 30 passages in drug-free medium. Neither double minute chromosomes nor homogeneously staining regions were evident in karyotypes of the resistant cells. The subline, B16/BLM-R1, was slightly radioresistant, with a D0 ratio of 1.4 compared to the parental cells. No cross-resistance was observed to a number of cytotoxic drugs, including doxorubicin, melphalan, cisplatin, carmustine, dactinomycin, mitomycin C, and vinblastine. However, slight cross-resistance (2-fold) was noted with etoposide. Marked resistance to BLM also was demonstrated in vivo in mice bearing B16/BLM-R1 implanted s.c. Possible mechanisms of BLM resistance in these cells were explored through examination of the degree of drug inactivation by BLM hydrolase and measurement of single- and double-strand DNA scission, as well as repair of single strand breaks by the alkaline elution technique. The specific activity of BLM hydrolase was 70% higher in the resistant subline, commensurate with a 50% increase in protein content in these cells. Because this is insufficient to account for the 10-fold resistance, BLM hydrolase activity does not appear to be a major determinant of resistance in B16/BLM-R1. The overall number of single and double strand breaks in DNA produced by bleomycin treatment did not differ in the sensitive and resistant cells. The cross-resistance with ionizing radiation and etoposide suggests an enhanced capability of B16/BLM-R1 cells to withstand or repair single strand breaks in DNA. However, this was not evident by measuring repair of single strand scission by alkaline elution.
Universality of Power-of-d Load Balancing Schemes

We consider a system of <i>N</i> parallel queues with unit exponential service rates and a single dispatcher where tasks arrive as a Poisson process of rate λ(<i>N</i>). When a task arrives, the dispatcher assigns it to a server with the shortest queue among <i>d</i>(<i>N</i>) ≤ <i>N</i> randomly selected servers. This load balancing policy is referred to as a power-of-<i>d</i>(<i>N</i>) or JSQ(<i>d</i>(<i>N</i>)) scheme, and subsumes the Join-the-Shortest Queue (JSQ) policy as a crucial special case for <i>d</i>(<i>N</i>) = <i>N</i>. We construct a coupling to bound the difference in the queue length processes between the JSQ policy and an arbitrary value of <i>d</i>(<i>N</i>). We use the coupling to derive the fluid limit in the regime where λ(<i>N</i>)/<i>N</i> → λ < 1 and <i>d</i>(<i>N</i>)→ ∞ as <i>N</i> → ∞, along with the corresponding fixed point. The fluid limit turns out not to depend on the exact growth rate of <i>d</i>(<i>N</i>), and in particular coincides with that for the JSQ policy. We further leverage the coupling to establish that the diffusion limit in the regime where (<i>N</i>--λ(<i>N</i>))/ √<i>N</i> → β > 0 and <i>d</i>(<i>N</i>)/ √ <i>N</i> log<i>N</i> → ∞ as <i>N</i> → ∞ corresponds to that for the JSQ policy. These results indicate that the stochastic optimality of the JSQ policy can be preserved at the fluid-level and diffusion-level while reducing the overhead by nearly a factor O(<i>N</i>) and O(√ <i>N</i>), respectively.