Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Directors’ External Connections on Their Compensation

Based on a large sample of directors, I find that directors’ external connections are positively associated with the level of their compensation, suggesting that directors are compensated for the value they bring to the firm through their external connections. This association holds after controlling for the various factors such as firm and CEO characteristics, board related governance characteristics, directors’ attributes such as experience and education, industry and year fixed effects, used in prior studies. I also find that the association between the components of external connections and compensation is different for different types of directors. Director Compensation
Bipartite Time-Varying Prescribed Range Formation Control for a Class of Nonlinear Multiagent Systems With Unknown Disturbances

Formation control is a hot topic in multiagent systems (MASs). In this article, a bipartite time-varying prescribed range formation is developed for a class of nonlinear MASs with unknown disturbances. The time-varying prescribed range formation means that agents achieve a formation shape within a predefined region relative to their neighbors, and the region changes along with the time-varying formation distance. An error transformation is introduced to transform this bipartite prescribed range formation problem into a stabilization control one. A surface-error-based predictor is developed to generate prediction errors for update of neural networks (NNs), and this form decouples approximation of system dynamics and control signal. With prescribed range information and signed graph, a disturbance observer with predictor-based NNs is constructed to compensate external disturbances and NNs' approximation errors. Also, a normalization learning method is employed to reduce the number of NN's learning parameters. With Lyapunov-based stability analysis, it is proven that a bipartite time-varying formation is achieved within a prescribed range. Simulation results with a group of quadrotors verify the effectiveness of the proposed bipartite control scheme.
Deep X-ray spectroscopy and imaging of the Seyfert 2 galaxy, ESO 138-G001

We present a spectral and imaging analysis of the XMM-Newton and Chandra observations of the Seyfert 2 galaxy ESO138-G001, with the aim of characterizing the circumnuclear material responsible for the soft (0.3-2.0 keV) and hard (5-10 keV) X-ray emission. We confirm that the source is absorbed by Compton-thick gas. However, if a self-consistent model of reprocessing from cold toroidal material is used (MYTorus), a possible scenario requires the absorber to be inhomogenous, its column density along the line of sight being larger than the average column density integrated over all lines- of-sight through the torus. The iron emission line may be produced by moderately ionised iron (FeXII-FeXIII), as suggested by the shifted centroid energy and the low K{\beta}/K{\alpha} flux ratio. The soft X-ray emission is dominated by emission features, whose main excitation mechanism appears to be photoionisation, as confirmed by line diagnostics and the use of self-consistent models (CLOUDY).
Design a Speed Control for DC Motor Using an Optimal PID Controller Implementation of ABC Algorithm

The project purpose to implement Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm optimization technique for controlling the speed of the DC motor. The separately excited DC motor had been used to analyze the performance of the proposed technique. The boost converter has been selected to supply the required voltage to the terminal voltage of the DC motor. The PID controller was selected to control the desired performance of the converter. The determination of the best parameter is the main issue for this controller. The ABC algorithm was implemented to enhance the system performance by optimizing the PID gains. The objective function of error which is Integral-weight Time Absolute Error (ITAE) was used to minimize the index speed error of the motor. The proposed technique shows its capability to improve the speed response of the DC motor. Simulation model was developed using MATLAB/Simulink.
Modelling the variability of 1ES1218+30.4

The blazar 1ES1218+30.4 has been previously detected by the VERITAS and MAGIC telescopes in the very high energies. The new detection of VERITAS from December 2008 to April 2009 proves that 1ES1218+30.4 is not static, but shows short-time variability. We show that the time variability may be explained in the context of a self-consistent synchrotron-self Compton model, while the long time observation do not necessarily require a time-resolved treatment. The kinetic equations for electrons and photons in a plasma blob are solved numerically including Fermi acceleration for electrons as well as synchrotron radiation and Compton scattering. The light curve observed by VERITAS can be reproduced in our model by assuming a changing level of electron injection compared to the constant state of 1ES1218+30.4. The multiwavelength behaviour during an outburst becomes comprehensible by the model. The long time measurements of VERITAS are still explainable via a constant emission in the SSC context, but the short outbursts each require a time-resolved treatment.
grasil-3d: an implementation of dust effects in the SEDs of simulated galaxies

We introduce a new model for the spectral energy distribution of galaxies, GRASIL-3D, which includes a careful modelling of the dust component of the interstellar medium. GRASIL-3D is an entirely new model based on the formalism of an existing and widely applied spectrophotometric model, GRASIL, but specifically designed to be interfaced with galaxies with any arbitrarily given geometry, such as galaxies calculated by theoretical hydrodynamical galaxy formation codes. GRASIL-3D is designed to separately treat radiative transfer in molecular clouds and in the diffuse cirrus component. The code has a general applicability to the outputs of simulated galaxies, either from Lagrangian or Eulerian hydrodynamic codes. As an application, the new model has been interfaced to the P-DEVA and GASOLINE smoothed-particle hydrodynamic codes, and has been used to calculate the spectral energy distribution for a variety of simulated galaxies from UV to sub-millimeter wavelengths, whose comparison with observational data gives encouraging results. In addition, GRASIL-3D allows 2D images of such galaxies to be obtained, at several angles and in different bands.
Thermal‐induced Buckling analysis of microbeams with intermediate support under thermal load based on modified couple stress theory

This study investigates the buckling of microbeams with variable cross‐sections and middle supports in a thermal environment. Based on classical theories and modified couple stress, the size‐dependent behavior of the microbeam is modeled, and the intermediate support is simulated elastically. A temperature‐dependent relationship will also be assumed for the material properties of the microbeam. The governing equations will be derived using Hamilton's principle based on the modified Couple stress theory and the nonlinear thermal field. Using an analytical approach, buckling loads and deformation of microbeams will be determined. The accuracy of the answers will be investigated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method used and the correctness of the results obtained. A comparison will be made between the obtained results and the results available in the scientific literature to prove the accuracy of the formulation and the method used. A parametric study will then be conducted to determine the effect of boundary conditions, the flexibility of the middle support, temperature distribution, and geometric characteristics on the buckling loads of microbeams.
Digital Twin for a Mechatronics Line with Integrated Mobile Robotic Systems

The paper presents digital twin multi-functional technology for flexible production on an assembly, disassembly and repair (A/D/RML) mechatronics line assisted by a complex autonomous system (CAS). The real world consists of A/D/RML a mechatronic line (ML) with six workstations (WS) connected to a flexible cell (FC) equipped with an industrial robotic manipulator (IRM). The multifunctionality of the system is given by the three actions, assembly, disassembly and repair (the flexibility is due to the assembly of different types of products). After disassembly or repair, CAS picks up and transports the disassembled components to the appropriate storage positions for reuse. The technology works synchronously with signals from various sensors and a mobile visual servo system (VSS eye-in-hand). The virtual representation serving as a digital counterpart consists of task assignment, scheduling and A/D/RML synchronisation with integrated robotic systems. The virtual world also includes hybrid modeling and simulation with synchronized hybrid Petri nets (SHPN), VSS eye-in-hand modeling and implementation, simulation in MobileSim and graphical user interface (GUI) for real-time control monitoring, so that the whole system becomes fully automated.
Collapse of the quantum wavefunction and Welcher-Weg (WW) experiments

Absstract The 'collapse' of the wave function in a general measuring process is analyzed by a pure quantum mechanical (QM) approach. The problem of the delayed choice and Welcher-Weg (WW) experiments is analyzed for Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometer. The WW effect is related to complementarity principle and orthogonality of wavefunctions although it produces small momentum changes between the electromagnetic (EM ) field and the beam-splitters (BS's). For QM states for which we have a superposition of states and interference effects there is no reality before measurement, but by excluding such effects the system gets a real meaning already before measurement.
Effects of galaxy--satellite interactions on bar formation

Aims. We aim to show how encounters with low-mass satellite galaxies may alter the bar formation in a Milky Way-like disc galaxy. Methods. We use high-resolution N-body simulations of a disc galaxy prone to mild bar instability. For realistic initial conditions of satellites, we take advantage of cosmological simulations of Milky Way-like dark matter haloes. Results. The satellites may have a significant impact on the time of bar formation. Some runs with satellites demonstrate a delay, while others show an advancement in bar formation compared to the isolated run, with such time differences reaching $\sim$ 1 Gyr. Meanwhile, the final bar configuration, including its very appearance and the bar characteristics such as the pattern speed and the exponential growth rate of its amplitude are independent of the number of encounters and their orbits. The contribution of satellites with masses below $10^9 M_{\odot}$ is insignificant, unless their pericentre distances are small. We suggest that the encounters act indirectly via inducing perturbations across the disc that evolve to delayed waves in the central part and interfere with an emerging seed bar. The predicted effect for the present-day host galaxy is expected to be even more significant at redshifts $z \gtrsim 0.5$.
Bell Nonlocality

Nonlocality was discovered by John Bell in 1964, in the context of the debates about quantum theory, but is a phenomenon that can be studied in its own right. Its observation proves that measurements are not revealing pre-determined values, falsifying the idea of “local hidden variables” suggested by Einstein and others. One is then forced to make some radical choice: either nature is intrinsically statistical and individual events are unspeakable, or our familiar space-time cannot be the setting for the whole of physics. As phenomena, nonlocality and its consequences will have to be predicted by any future theory, and may possibly play the role of foundational principles in these developments. But nonlocality has found a role in applied physics too: it can be used for “device-independent” certification of the correct functioning of random number generators and other devices. After a self-contained introduction to the topic, this monograph on nonlocality presents the main tools and results following a logical, rather than a chronological, order.
The horizontal branch in the UV colour–magnitude diagrams – II. The case of M3, M13 and M79

We present a detailed comparison between far-ultraviolet (UV)/optical colour–magnitude diagrams obtained with high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope data and suitable theoretical models for three Galactic globular clusters: M3, M13 and M79.These systems represents a ‘classical’ example of clusters in the intermediate-metallicity regime that, even sharing similar metal content and age, show remarkably different horizontal branch morphologies. As a consequence, the observed differences in the colour distributions of horizontal branch stars cannot be interpreted in terms of either first (metallicity) or a second parameter such as age.We investigate here the possible role of variations of initial helium abundance (Y). Thanks to the use of a proper setup of far-UV filters, we are able to put strong constraints on the maximum Y (Y max ) values compatible with the data. We find differences $\Delta Y_{\rm max}\sim 0.02\text{--}0.04$ between the clusters with M13 showing the largest value (Y max ∼ 0.30) and M3 the smallest (Y max ∼ 0.27). In general, we observe that these values are correlated with the colour extensions of their horizontal branches and with the range of the observed NaO anticorrelations.
Swift J0513.4−6547 = LXP 27.2: a new Be/X-ray binary system in the Large Magellanic Cloud

An exceptionally bright new X-ray source in the Large Magellanic Cloud was discovered by the Swift/BAT telescope on MJD 54923 (2 April 2009), and shown to have a pulse period of 27s using follow-up observations by RXTE/PCA. We report here on detailed timing observations taken over the following weeks using Fermi/GBM which reveal an excellent orbital solution and indicate that the source flux peaked at $\sim10^{38}$ erg s$^{-1}$. In addition, we report on follow-up optical observations (spectroscopic and photometric) which permit a classification of the mass donor star as B1Ve, and furthermore reveal a strong optical modulation at a period consistent with the binary period found from the Fermi/GBM data - 27.4 d. The dynamical mass estimate for the Be star is not in agreement with that expected for a B1V star - a mismatch similar to this has been previously reported for the few other Magellanic Cloud stars that also have dynamical mass estimates. In addition, the neutron star magnetic field determination from the X-ray data ($\sim10^{13}$ G) adds further evidence to the possibility that many such stars in High Mass X-ray Binary systems may have magnetic fields greater than previously expected ($\sim10^{12}$ G).
Probing thermoelectric transport with cold atoms

We propose experimental protocols to reveal thermoelectric and thermal effects in the transport properties of ultracold fermionic atoms, using the two-terminal setup recently realized at ETH. We show in particular that, for two reservoirs having equal particle numbers but different temperatures initially, the observation of a transient particle number imbalance during equilibration is a direct evidence of thermoelectric (off-diagonal) transport coefficients. This is a time-dependent analogue of the Seebeck effect, and a corresponding analogue of the Peltier effect can be proposed. We reveal that in addition to the thermoelectric coupling of the constriction a thermoelectric coupling also arises due to the finite dilatation coefficient of the reservoirs. We present a theoretical analysis of the protocols, and assess their feasibility by estimating the corresponding temperature and particle number imbalances in realistic current experimental conditions.
Estimation of halo ellipticity as a function of radius with flexions

The cold dark matter theory predicts triaxial dark matter haloes. The radial distribution of halo ellipticity depends on baryonic processes and the nature of dark matter particles (collisionless or collisional). Here we show that we can use lensing flexion ratios to measure the halo ellipticity as a function of radius. We introduce a weight function and study the relationship between the first- and second-order statistics of flexion ratios, both of which can be used to reduce the bias in the estimation of ellipticity. We perform numerical tests for our method, and demonstrate that it can reduce the bias and determine the halo ellipticity as a function of radius. We also point out that the minimum mean flexion ratio can be used to trace the centres of galaxy clusters.
Photometric reverberation mapping of 3C 120

We present the results of a five month monitoring campaign of the local active galactic nuclei (AGN) 3C 120. Observations with a median sampling of two days were conducted with the robotic 15 cm telescope VYSOS-6 located near Cerro Armazones in Chile. Broad band (B, V) and narrow band (NB) filters were used in order to measure fluxes of the AGN and the Hβ broad line region (BLR) emission line. The NB flux is constituted by about 50% continuum and 50% Hβ emission line. To disentangle line and continuum flux, a synthetic Hβ light curve was created by subtracting a scaled V-band light curve from the NB light curve. Here we show that the Hβ emission line responds to continuum variations with a rest frame lag of 23.6 ± 1.69 days. We estimate a virial mass of the central black hole MBH = 57 ± 27 × 10 6 M� , by combining the obtained lag with the velocity dispersion of a single contemporaneous spectrum. Using the flux variation gradient method, we determined the host galaxy subtracted rest frame 5100 A luminosity at the time of our monitoring campaign with an uncertainty of 10% (LAGN = (6.94 ± 0.71) × 10 43 erg s −1 ). Compared with recent spectroscopic reverberation results, 3C 120 shifts in the RBLR − LAGN diagram remarkably close to the theoretically expected relation of R ∝ L 0.5 . Our results demonstrate the performance of photometric AGN reverberation mapping, in particular for efficiently determining the BLR size and the AGN luminosity.
Singlet-state creation and universal quantum computation in NMR using a genetic algorithm

The experimental implementation of a quantum algorithm requires the decomposition of unitary operators. Here we treat unitary-operator decomposition as an optimization problem, and use a genetic algorithm-a global-optimization method inspired by nature's evolutionary process-for operator decomposition. We apply this method to NMR quantum information processing, and find a probabilistic way of performing universal quantum computation using global hard pulses. We also demonstrate the efficient creation of the singlet state (a special type of Bell state) directly from thermal equilibrium, using an optimum sequence of pulses. Â© 2012 American Physical Society.
On the control system for the robotic assisted instruments used in percutaneous cancer treatment

The paper presents the control system of two medical instruments used in percutaneous cancer treatment. One instrument is designed for radiofrequency ablation and the other one for brachytherapy. The instruments may be attached to various robots capable of providing 5 Degrees of Freedom. Two robotic solutions are used for exemplifying this capability, namely the Kuka iiwa robot and the PARA-BRACHYROB. The developed control system is capable to communicate with both robots using MATLAB environment and different communication protocols to establish the connections between the robot control units.
Association of cigarette and water-pipe smoking with increased visceral adiposity, glycemic intolerance and hematological derangement in Iraqi healthy smokers

The present study aims to investigate the impacts of cigarette smoking (CS) and water-pipe smoking (WPS) on the visceral adiposity index (VAI), hematological characteristics, and glycemic tolerance in Iraqi healthy smokers. A total of 528 healthy males from different locations of Baghdad city were allocated to three groups; nonsmokers (176), cigarette smokers (178), and WP smokers (174). Baseline characteristics, anthropometric and hematological markers and were reported. Glycemic control was evaluated using the glucose tolerance test. The evidence of elevated VAI, disrupted hematological markers, and impaired glucose tolerance was significantly ( P <0.001) different compared with non-smokers and related to the duration of smoking. The impacts of WPS seem to be significantly greater than CS in certain parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrit, methemoglobin, and 2-hour glucose tolerance values). In conclusion, CS and WPS negatively impacted body fat distribution, glucose tolerance, and hematological markers. There is a positive association between the rate of smoking and obesity, glycemic intolerance in both groups.
Non-extremal and non-BPS extremal five-dimensional black strings from generalized special real geometry

We construct non-extremal as well as extremal black string solutions in minimal five-dimensional supergravity coupled to vector multiplets using dimensional reduction to three Euclidean dimensions. Our method does not assume that the scalar manifold is a symmetric space, and applies as well to a class of non-supersymmetric theories governed by a generalization of special real geometry. We find that five-dimensional black string solutions correspond to geodesics in a specific totally geodesic para-Kähler submanifold of the scalar manifold of the dimensionally reduced theory, and identify the subset of geodesics that corresponds to regular black string solutions in five dimensions. Extremal solutions are distinguished by whether or not the corresponding geodesics are along the eigendirections of the para-complex structure, which for supersymmetric theories reduces to the usual notion of BPS and non-BPS solutions. For non-extremal black strings the values of the scalars at the outer and inner horizon are not independent integration constants but determined by certain functions of the charges and moduli. By lifting solutions from three to four dimensions we obtain non-extremal versions of small black holes, and find that while the outer horizon takes finite size, the inner horizon is still degenerate.
The political economy of bordering and the reproduction of borders in the case of Frontex

The EU-border agency Frontex is one of the main actors involved in the bordering of the EU. Its practice reaches from the deployment of border police and equipment to the production of knowledge about the border and migration. Departing from a critical analysis of the documentaries "Frontex – Einsatz gegen Flüchtlinge – Festung Europa" (2013) and “Die Frontex-Recherche: Eine EU-Agentur und der Umgang mit Menschenrechtsverletzungen” (2019) on Frontex, this article examines the mutual interrelations of discursive and material bordering. Based on a combined reading of Laclau's work on difference and Mezzadra and Neilsons concept of borders as tools of structuring social reality through difference, the reproduction of the border is discussed. The border becomes the place where the border is enacted and reproduced on a material and discursive level. This practice of bordering is rooted in a reproduction of capital and of racist imaginations of refugees.