Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UNITE AND CONQUER: A MULTIPLICATIVE INEQUALITY FOR CHOICE PROBABILITIES'

Two probabilistic theories of choice behavior (the model of independent random utility and the model of elimination by aspects) imply a testable property, the multiplicative inequality, according to which the probability of selecting an alternative x from an offered set A u B is at least as large as the product of the probabilities of selecting x from A and from B. WHEN FACED WITH a choice among complex alternatives (e.g., commodity bundles, investment plans, job offers) people often exhibit inconsistency. That is, they do not always select the same alternative under seemingly identical conditions. In order to accommodate this fact and obtain an adequate conception of choice behavior, psychologists and economists (e.g., Thurstone [18 and 19], GeorgescuRoegen [8], Luce [12], and Marschak [14]) developed models of choice in which the traditional concept of preference is replaced by the notion of choice probability. These models were investigated by many authors (e.g., Davidson and Marschak [5], Debreu [6], Chipman [4], Luce and Suppes [13], and Tversky [20]) from both mathematical and experimental standpoints, and they have also been applied to various aspects of economic theory such as equilibrium analysis (Hildenbrand [10] and Bhattacharya and Majumdar [2]) and consumer behavior (GeorgescuRoegen [9], Quandt [17], Mossin [16], and McFadden and Richter [15]). Two general forms of probabilistic choice models, called random utility and constant utility, were investigated (see Luce and Suppes [13]). In the random utility form, the subjective values undergo random fluctuations, and the alternative with the highest momentary value is selected. In the constant utility form, choice probability is expressed as a function of some (constant) scale values. Thus, the two forms differ regarding the locus of the random element in the choice process. The random utility form attributes uncertainty to the determination of subjective value, whereas the constant utility form attributes uncertainty to the application of the decision rule. (Some choice models, however, can be expressed in either form.) This paper investigates one prominent example of each form: the independent random utility model and the model of elimination by aspects. It shows that both models satisfy two testable properties which provide (fairly tight) upper and lower bounds for all choice probabilities. To formulate the results, we introduce the following definitions:
The ICON Earth System Model Version 1.0 1

* This work documents ICON-ESM 1.0, the first version of a coupled model based 19 on the ICON framework 20 * Performance of ICON-ESM is assessed by means of CMIP6 DECK experiments 21 at standard CMIP-type resolution 22 * ICON-ESM reproduces the observed temperature evolution. Biases in clouds, winds, 23 sea-ice, and ocean properties are larger than in MPI-ESM. Abstract 25 This work documents the ICON-Earth System Model (ICON-ESM V1.0), the first cou-26 pled model based on the ICON (ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic) framework with its un-27 structured, icosahedral grid concept. The ICON-A atmosphere uses a nonhydrostatic dy-28 namical core and the ocean model ICON-O builds on the same ICON infrastructure, but 29 applies the Boussinesq and hydrostatic approximation and includes a sea-ice model. The 30 ICON-Land module provides a new framework for the modelling of land processes and 31 the terrestrial carbon cycle. The oceanic carbon cycle and biogeochemistry are repre-32 sented by the Hamburg Ocean Carbon Cycle module. We describe the tuning and spin-33 up of a base-line version at a resolution typical for models participating in the Coupled 34 Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). The performance of ICON-ESM is assessed by 35 means of a set of standard CMIP6 simulations. Achievements are well-balanced top-of-36 atmosphere radiation, stable key climate quantities in the control simulation, and a good 37 representation of the historical surface temperature evolution. The model has overall bi-38 ases, which are comparable to those of other CMIP models, but ICON-ESM performs 39 less well than its predecessor, the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model. Problem-40 atic biases are diagnosed in ICON-ESM in the vertical cloud distribution and the mean 41 zonal wind field. In the ocean, sub-surface temperature and salinity biases are of con-42 cern as is a too strong seasonal cycle of the sea-ice cover in both hemispheres. ICON-43 ESM V1.0 serves as a basis for further developments that will take advantage of ICON-44 specific properties such as spatially varying resolution, and configurations at very high 45 resolution. 46 Plain Language Summary 47 ICON-ESM is a completely new coupled climate and earth system model that ap-48 plies novel design principles and numerical techniques. The atmosphere model applies 49 a non-hydrostatic dynamical core, both atmosphere and ocean models apply unstruc-50 tured meshes, and the model is adapted for high-performance computing systems. This 51 article describes how the component models for atmosphere, land, and ocean are cou-52 pled together and how we achieve a stable climate by setting certain tuning parameters 53 and performing sensitivity experiments. We evaluate the performance of our new model 54 by running a set of experiments under pre-industrial and historical climate conditions 55 as well as a set of idealized greenhouse-gas-increase experiments. These experiments were 56 designed by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) and allow us to
Technology Medicine Open Access book publisher

biological activity or the mode of action. These observations indicate that the anti-TB activity depends not only on the (cid:450) , (cid:451) -unsaturation but also on the functionalization of the carbonyl part of the cinnamoyl derivatives. Several hydrazone derivatives of cinnamaldehyde and chalcones have notable anti-TB activities. Importantly, substituents at the benzene ring of the cinnamic acids also play a crucial role in the biological activities. Notably, Isoprenyloxy cinnamoyl-triazolophthalazine derivative ( 68e ) and chalcone derived pyrazoline derivative ( 102d )
Intellectual Capital and Firm Performance: Value-Added Intellectual Coefficient

Objective – This article is concerned with the influence of IC and understanding the vital success factor of the components on firm performance. This study aims to deliver a complete review of existing evidence related to the effect of IC on firm performance.Methodology – A review of the literature was conducted based on the five components of intellectual capital: human capital, structural capital, capital employed, relational capital, and innovation capital. Using electronic searches in three databases (Emerald, Web of Science, and Scopus) and keywords to identify relevant studies, 48 published studies are identified from 2010-2020.Results – The results indicated that research focusing on IC and its impact on company performance has gained growing interest within scholarly works over recent decades. Furthermore, a steadier rise in interest can be observed from 2017 onwards, reaching its peak in 2019 with a 50% acceleration in the publication rate compared to the preceding year. In addition, the widely accepted method is the value-added intellectual coefficient approach without any modification or extension. Moreover, out of reviewed (48) studies only (12) of them utilized an adjusted VAIC model.Novelty/Originality – This paper contributes to IC literature by providing a unique review of the IC and firm performance field of research.
Genetic diversity analysis among pigeonpea genotypes adapted to South American regions based on microsatellite markers

The pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L) Millspaugh] is one of the most important perennial legume crops utilized in the food, fodder, soil conservation, crop-livestock integrated systems, reclaiming of degraded pastures and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Microsatellite markers were used to estimate the genetic diversity of 77 pigeonpea genotypes selected from the germplasm collections at Embrapa Cattle-Southeast and, to evaluate their transferability to Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna unguiculata species. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to12, with an average of 5.1 alleles. The PIC values ranged from 0.11 to 0.80 (average 0.49) and the D values from 0.23 to 0.91 (average 0.58). The averages of observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.25 and 0.47, respectively, showing a deficit in heterozygosity. A model-based Bayesian approach implemented in the software STRUCTURE was used to assign genotypes into clusters. A dendrogram was constructed based on the modified Roger's genetic distances using a neighbor-joining method (NJ). A total of four clusters were assembled by STRUCTURE and a strong tendency of correspondence between the Bayesian clusters in the NJ tree was observed. The genetic distance ranged from 0.09 to 0.62 (average 0.37), showing a low genetic diversity in the pigeonpea genotypes. Transferability of pigeonpea-specific microsatellites revealed a cross-amplification and the presence of polymorphic alleles in P. vulgaris and V. unguiculata.
Dynamique et génétique des populations de cistude d'Europe Emys orbicularis

La dispersion, caracterisee par les mouvements d’individus dans l’espace conduisant a la production d’un flux de genes, permet la connectivite des populations. L’etude de la dispersion est devenue d’une importance primordiale pour predire les consequences des changements globaux sur la structure et la dynamique des populations. Les especes a dispersion limitees, comme les cheloniens, sont particulierement menacees par ces phenomenes. Cette etude se propose d’analyser la dispersion chez la Cistude d’Europe (Emys orbicularis), en regression en Europe, dans un contexte de fragmentation d’habitats et de determiner les causes de ce comportement via l’analyse de la dynamique et de la genetique des populations. Nos resultats montrent, d’une part, que les temps de generations lents chez les cistudes (environ 12 ans) peuvent ralentir les phenomenes d’erosion genetique par derive. Cette erosion lente est accentuee en presence de grandes populations meme en milieu tres fragmente. D’autre part, la selection aurait favorisee la philopatrie chez les femelles cistudes dans les milieux peu riches en site de ponte et de faible densite d’individus car elles ont un avantage a la territorialite. A l’inverse, le cout a la dispersion diminuerait pour les mâles car ce comportement eviterait la consanguinite. Les cistudes semblent donc tres sensibles a la competition intra-specifique. En effet, la relaxation de la densite-dependance des adultes permet un recrutement important de juveniles. Cette dynamique favoriserait une recuperation rapide des effectifs apres une importante perturbation, ce qui est surprenant pour une espece longevive dont les temps de resilience sont supposes lents.
Turkish adaptation of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory-Schizoid Personality Disorder: Validity and reliability study

Objective: Criticisms and limitations of the categorical approach in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) are discussed. In recent years, it has been suggested that an alternative approach, such as the dimensional model, is more advantageous. The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP), which offers a dimensional-based framework, is presented as a new perspective. The study aimed to adapt the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory-Schizoid Personality Disorder (IDCP-SZPD), which was developed according to the HiTOP perspective and assesses schizoid personality disorder with a dimensional approach, into Turkish, and to examine its validity and reliability. Method: The Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire, Interpersonal Sensitivity Scale, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, The Interpersonal Attachment Styles Scale, Coolidge Axis II Inventory Plus Turkish Short Form, and Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised (DSM-III-R) Personality Questionnaire were used for convergent validity analyses. Convergent validity, exploratory, and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted for validity, while Cronbach’s Alpha and test-retest analyses were used for reliability. Results: The factor analysis determined that the 10 th , 17 th , 18 th , and 23 rd items should be removed from the scale, and the scale showed a five-factor structure. According to the reliability analysis, Cronbach’s alpha value was found to be 0.91 for the total scale and between 0.71 and 0.91 for the subscales. It was determined that the item-total item correlations of all items on the scale were above 0.30. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it is evident that the Turkish adaptation of the IDCP-SZPD has strong psychometric properties.
Quinney Sara (Orcid ID: 0000-0002-6554-0695) Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling in pregnancy: Model reproducibility and external validation

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling in pregnancy: Model reproducibility and external validation Larissa L Silva, Rebecca M Silvola, David M Haas, Sara K Quinney 1 Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 3 Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN LLS and RMS contributed equally to this work. Corresponding author: Dr. Sara K Quinney Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Indiana University School of Medicine 950 W Walnut St. R2 Room 476 Indianapolis, IN 46202 squinney@iupui.edu Running Title: Obstetric PBPK model reproducibility
Minesweeper is Difficult Indeed!

Various aspects of playing minesweeper have been proven to be (co-)NP-complete through reductions from circuit-SAT and UN-SAT. The proofs use quite involved minesweeper templates to simulate Boolean formulas and circuits. We provide a set of much simpler synthesis templates, leading to much smaller circuit simulations in minesweeper.
Sensitivity of MENA Tropical Rainbelt to Dust Shortwave Absorption : A 1 High Resolution AGCM Experiment

Shortwave absorption is one of the most important, but the most uncertain, components of direct radiative effect by mineral dust. It has a broad range of estimates from different observational and modeling studies and there is no consensus on the strength of absorption. To elucidate the sensitivity of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) tropical summer rainbelt to a plausible range of uncertainty in dust shortwave absorption, AMIP-style global high resolution (25 km) simulations are conducted with and without dust, using the High-Resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM). Simulations with dust comprise three different cases by assuming dust as a very efficient, standard and inefficient absorber. Inter-comparison of these simulations shows that the response of the MENA tropical rainbelt is extremely sensitive to the strength of shortwave absorption. Further analyses reveal that the sensitivity of the rainbelt stems from the sensitivity of the multi-scale circulations that define the rainbelt. The maximum response and sensitivity are predicted over the northern edge of the rainbelt, geographically over Sahel. The sensitivity of the responses over the Sahel, especially that of precipitation, is comparable to the mean state. Locally, the response in precipitation reaches up to 50% of the mean, while dust is assumed to be a very efficient absorber. Taking into account that Sahel has a very high climate variability and is extremely vulnerable to changes in precipitation, the present study suggests the importance of reducing uncertainty in dust shortwave absorption for a better simulation and interpretation of the Sahel climate. 9
A note on the impact of the internal organization on the accuracy of the information transmitted within the rm

We investigate the incentives sales managers have to transmit information on demand conditions to headquarters under di¤erent organizational structures, and its subsequent impact on rm performance. When headquarters chooses quantities, their interests are aligned and reliable information is transmitted. When the choice of quantities is delegated to the sales manager, instead, he prefers not to transmit reliable information and as a consequence, headquarters set transfer prices having poor information about demand. We then see that, due to this di¤erence in the quality of the information available to headquarters, the centralized organization frequently has the best performance. Keywords: Organizational structure, transfer pricing, information transmission, internal accounting system. JEL classi cation: D21, D81, M21
In silico Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ( Snps ) in Human FTO Gene

Obesity is a common and serious medical problem that adverse health consequences and associated with many serious disease. FTO gene plays a main role in obesity. Bioinformatics’ analysis of FTO gene initiated by Polyphen-2 and SIFT server was used to review 31pathological polymorphisms. Among these 31, 10 pathological polymorphisms were found to be very damaging, with higher Polyphen-2 score of the Polyphen-2 server (=1) and a SIFT tolerance index of 0.000-0.005. Protein structural analysis was done by modeling of amino acid substitutions using Project Hope server for all these pathological polymorphisms. 30 SNPs in the 3’URT containing 63 alleles can be disrupted by a conserved miRNA site. Hence, we hope our results will provide useful information that needed to help researchers to do further study to solve the obesity problem in the future. We considered this study a distinctive one, because there is no researches deal with matter in silico studies.
Incorporating 3-dimensional models in online

Assistant professor, De of Dentistry, University Associate professor, Fe CNPq Researcher and Michigan, Ann Arbor, M President, Kitware SAS Assistant professor, De of North Carolina, Chap Software engineer, Isom Software engineer, Neu of Psychiatry, University Associate professor, N ment of Psychiatry, Uni Assistant professor, Ne of Psychiatry, University Lucia H. S. Cevidanes, Antonio C. O. Ruellas, Julien Jomier, Tung Nguyen, Steve Pieper, Francois Budin, Martin Styner, and Beatriz Paniagua Ann Arbor, Mich, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Lyon, France, Chapel Hill, NC, and Cambridge, Mass
Longitudinal cohort protocol study of oropharyngeal dysphagia: relationships to gross motor attainment, growth and nutritional status in preschool children with cerebral palsy

Introduction The prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is estimated to be between 19% and 99%. OPD can impact on children's growth, nutrition and overall health. Despite the growing recognition of the extent and significance of health issues relating to OPD in children with CP, lack of knowledge of its profile in this subpopulation remains. This study aims to investigate the relationship between OPD, attainment of gross motor skills, growth and nutritional status in young children with CP at and between two crucial age points, 18–24 and 36 months, corrected age. Methods and analysis This prospective longitudinal population-based study aims to recruit a total of 200 children with CP born in Queensland, Australia between 1 September 2006 and 31 December 2009 (60 per birth-year). Outcomes include clinically assessed OPD (Schedule for Oral Motor Assessment, Dysphagia Disorders Survey, Pre-Speech Assessment Scale, signs suggestive of pharyngeal phase impairment, Thomas-Stonell and Greenberg Saliva Severity Scale), parent-reported OPD on a feeding questionnaire, gross motor skills (Gross Motor Function Measure, Gross Motor Function Classification System and motor type), growth and nutritional status (linear growth and body composition) and dietary intake (3 day food record). The strength of relationship between outcome and exposure variables will be analysed using regression modelling with ORs and relative risk ratios. Ethics and dissemination This protocol describes a study that provides the first large population-based study of OPD in a representative sample of preschool children with CP, using direct clinical assessment. Ethics has been obtained through the University of Queensland Medical Research Ethics Committee, the Children's Health Services District Ethics Committee, and at other regional and organisational ethics committees. Results are planned to be disseminated in six papers submitted to peer reviewed journals, and presentations at relevant international conferences.
Sputum Negative Tubercular Adults Spread Infection and Disease to Their Household Children

To examine whether tuberculosis sputum negative adults can spread disease to their household children. A patient based study was conducted over a time period of one year, on children of those adults who were suspected case of “sputum smear positive” as well as “sputum smear negative” diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis at JNMCH, India. Various investigations like tuberculin test, chest X-ray, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of lymph nodes, gastric aspirate, acid-fast bacilli (AFB) sputum smear examination and others were done to attain the goal of this study. Out of 129 children, 69 were in household contact of sputum smear positive and 60 in contact of sputum smear negative adults. Forty children were found to be Mantoux positive; of which the ratio of children that were in contact of sputum positive adult to those in contact of sputum negative adult was 2:1 (27 vs 13). A small percentage (6%) of asymptomatic children was found to be diseased. Sputum positivity, low socio-economic status as well as less than 3 years of age exhibited strong association with infection as well as disease; nonetheless the number of infected and diseased children in sputum smear negative group is not negligible. A considerable number of screened children that were in contact with sputum negative tubercular adult were found to be infected as well as diseased; hence this group should not be ignored. A portion of Mantoux positive children were found to be asymptomatic and one-third of diseased children were Mantoux negative, so Mantoux cannot be taken as a gold standard for diagnosis of tuberculosis.
classification from coded telephone speech using glottal features

This paper proposes a new dysarthric speech classiﬁcation method from coded telephone speech using glottal features. The proposed method utilizes glottal features, which are e ﬃ ciently estimated from coded telephone speech using a recently proposed deep neural net-based glottal inverse ﬁltering method. Two sets of glottal features were considered: (1) time-and frequency-domain parameters and (2) parameters based on principal component analysis (PCA). In addition, acoustic features are extracted from coded telephone speech using the openSMILE toolkit. The proposed method utilizes both acoustic and glottal features extracted from coded speech utterances and their corresponding dysarthric / healthy labels to train support vector machine classiﬁers. Separate classiﬁers are trained using both individual, and the combination of glottal and acoustic features. The coded telephone speech used in the experiments is generated using the adaptive multi-rate codec, which operates in two transmission bandwidths: narrowband (300 Hz - 3.4 kHz) and wideband (50 Hz - 7 kHz). The experiments were conducted using dysarthric and healthy speech utterances of the TORGO and universal access speech (UA-Speech) databases. Classiﬁcation accuracy results indicated the e ﬀ ectiveness of glottal features in the identiﬁcation of dysarthria from coded telephone speech. The results also showed that the glottal features in combination with the openSMILE-based acoustic features resulted in improved classiﬁcation accuracies, which validate the complementary nature of glottal features. The proposed dysarthric speech classiﬁcation method can potentially be employed in telemonitoring application for identifying the presence of dysarthria from coded telephone speech.