Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of the ECMWF reanalysis soil water on forecasts of the July 1993 Mississippi flood

We reexamine the impact of soil water on the precipitation for the United States for July 1993 (the time of the Mississippi flood), previously discussed by Beljaars et al. [1996], using soil moisture from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA). Ensembles of three precipitation forecasts for the month of July, initialized on July 1, 2, and 3, using different initial soil water fields, are compared with the 12 to 24 hour ERA precipitation forecasts for the month and the observed precipitation. Both the 12 to 24 hour forecasts and the July integrations depict the July mean anomaly field well, although the mid-West precipitation maximum is displaced northward in both the ECMWF short and long-term forecasts. The July 1993 ERA soil water anomaly does not account for the anomalous July precipitation, but replacing the July 1, 1993, soil water with the much drier soil water from June 1988 reduces the July 1993 ensemble forecast precipitation by about 40%. It is probable that soil water nudging has reduced the variability of soil water in the ERA fields.
Managing innovation for growth in high technology small firms

This paper studies ways to support sustainable growth in high technology small firms by managing innovation. The paper examines technology based and knowledge intensive business service firms (KIBS) and their innovation management in Finland. The goal is to find at least one meaningful innovation process for a small KIBS firm that takes growth into consideration. In the paper incremental, radical, disruptive, open and systemic innovation are seen from small KIBS firm perspective a model that combines these types of innovation is presented. Two cases of small technology based small KIBS firms are also selected to closer examination.
Design of backfill as support in Polish coal mines

Longwalling is used in most Polish coal seams, with backfilling to support the roof, to create an artificial hangingwall to prevent movement of the rockmass, and to eliminate the fire hazard in abandoned mine workings. This paper discusses the results of tests conducted on 7 different backfill mixtures, and gives equations for the estimation of the flow of backfill slurries through gravitational pipelines.
The effect of nominal shock uncertainty on output growth

This paper tests some empirical implications of a theoretical model which proposes that the relationship between growth and its uncertainty depends fundamentally on whether the stochastic shocks causing fluctuations are real or nominal and on the presence of nominal rigidities in the economy. Shock uncertainty associated with cyclical variation is captured by a dynamic conditional variance model that estimates the time-varying, unpredictable volatility of nominal and real shocks and their effects on growth. In the context of a bivariate GARCH-in-Mean model we test the empirical conditional mean and variance relationships of nominal money and production growth rates in the G7 countries. We find that growth uncertainty has an insignificant effect but nominal money shock uncertainty exerts a negative and significant influence on growth for some of the G7. This is considered as supportive empirical evidence of the theoretical model predictions particularly on the link between nominal shock uncertainty and output growth. Another implication of the theoretical model that gains empirical support is that an increase in the average rate of money growth has a positive effect on the average output growth rate.
Advance of the Researches on the Variations of Mean-Sea-Level (MSL) in the Coastal Waters of China

In this paper, the recent researches on MSL variations in the coastal waters of China are reviewed and summed up. The summarization includes the causes of MSL variations, the development of the means for obtaining MSL data, the methods for analyzing MSL variations, and the main results in studying the rise speed of MSL. The significance and conclusions of the MSL balanced datum correction are briefly elucidated. Research on the 1985 National Elevation Datum and the results obtained are highlighted.
Palinspastic reconstruction of synsedimentary tectonics of Neogene and Quaternary sediments in the Kloštar Field (Sava Depression, Pannonian Basin, Croatia) [Palinspastische Rekonstruktion des Feldes Kloštar (Kroatien).]

The Klostar Oil and Gas Field lies approximately 35 km east of Zagreb in the Sava Depression, near the SW margin of the Pannonian Basin. According to detailed palinspastic reconstruction, based on well log data, the Miocene de- posits are up to 1600 m thick and transgressive over Paleozoic magmatites and metamorphites. Oil reservoirs are within Miocene sandstones and tectonised Paleozoic basement. About 7 × 106 m3 of oil have been recovered to date. The field struc- ture is anticlinal, striking NW–SE, and is cut by transverse and longitudinal faults. Different tectonic styles through the Neogene and Quaternary, palinspastically restored, resulted in 20 tectonic blocks in the field forming separate hydrody- namic units. The main longitudinal fault is part of the Northern marginal fault of the Sava Depression and crosses the central field area. The fault’s character changes along strike, from normal in the north to reverse in the south. The vertical displace- ments along formation boundaries average up to 50 m (generally larger in younger sediments) with maximum displacement in the Late “Pontian” due to long-lasting transtension gradually changing to transpression. Cumulative displacement during the Neogene and Quaternary was about 600 m.
Variabilitat genètica i estructura poblacional en tres espècies de la família Scombridae, Sarda sarda, Thunnus alalunga i Thunnus thynnus, basada en la regió control del DNA mitocondrial

El bonito (Sarda sarda9, la albacora (Thunnus alalunga) y el atun rojo /T. Thynnus) son tres especies de la familia Scombriade con una de las pesquerias mas importantes en el Atlantico noroccidental y del Mediterraneo. A pesar de esta importancia economica, poco se conoce acerca de la estructura genetica de estas especies en las zonas mencionadas. Mediante el estudio de la variabildiad de secuencia de la region control del DNA mitocondrial se ha analizado la estructura y el patron de evolucion de dicho segmento mitocondrial de las especies. Todas las especies analizadas comparten una region control relativamente corta, con una estructura y el patron de evolucion de dicho semento mitocondrial de las especies. Todas las especies analizadas comparten una region control relativamente corta con una estructura muy parecida a la de consenso descrita para otros peces y mamiferos. Una carateristica comun a estas regiones control es la rapida saturacion de los cambios transicionales con respecto los cambios transversionales en las comparaciones interspecificas. La presencia de la mayoria de la variabilidad en el primer dominio provoca que este segmento de la region control sea un marcador genetico util para resolver estudios de estructura poblacional. Los estudios del polimorfismo en las secuencias de este dominio indica que la estrctutura poblacional de estas especies parece estar relacionada con la capacidad migratoria y la historia biogeografica particular de cada una. El bonito es la unica que presenta estructuracion en el Mediterraneo. La comparacion de las muestras de albacora entre el Mediterraneo y el Atlantico indica un asilamiento de la respectivas poblaciones, esta situacion no se detecta en el atun rojo, especie con mayor capacidad de migracion. Las tres especies exhiben genalogias con linajes intraespecificos diferenciados. En el atun rojo, en uno de los linajes se detectan secuencias de la alba
The differences in the marketability of organic products in Greece and the Czech Republic

and Greece. The results will then be processed using statistical methods and procedures. The paper’s main objective is, based on the results obtained, to set up marketing strategies for advertising, with young people (16 to 25 years of age) being the key target group. Next, statistical analysis is used to make recommendations to the producers of and merchants with organic products on how to enhance the appeal of these products to increase their sales.
Scaled chrysophytes in Middle Eocene lake sediments from Northwestern Canada, including descriptions of six new species

Although chrysophyte stomatocysts have a fossil record that likely extends to the lower Cre­ taceous, to date neither scales nor bristles of the scaled chrysophyte genera older than Holocene have been reported. This leaves the origin of this imp0l1ant group of freshwater algae a mystery. We discov­ ered abundant and diverse scaled chrysophyte microfossils in ca. 47 Ma sediments (Middle Eocene, Lutetian) deposited as the post-eruptive infill of a crater fonned during intrusion of the Giraffe Pipe kim­ berlite, in the Northwest Territories of Canada. The microfossils are exceptionally well preserved and represent at least eleven different scaled chrysophyte taxa, including 7 species of Ma/lomonas, I of S.YIl­ lira, 2 of Spinijeromonas and 1 of Chrysosphaerella. Six of these arc herein described as new species. Although some taxa do not appear to have modern analogs, others can be readily traced to, or are mor­ phologically identical with, extant species. Our findings prove definitively that the most common genera of scaled chrysophytes found in freshwater habitats worldwide today were well established by the mid­ dle Eocene, and that these organisms are most likely much older than 47 Ma. Simple as well as highly complex scale morphologies are equally represented among Eocene chrysophytes. Furthermore, our ob~, servations lead us to hypothesize that bristles and domes associated with Mallomonasevolved well after the genus had become an established component of lake phytoplankton. NB: 47 Ma = 47 million years
Radiocarbon Chronology of Prehistoric Campsites in Alpine and Subalpine Zones at Haleakalā, Maui Island, USA

A chronological synthesis of prehistoric campsites in alpine and subalpine zones (∼2–3 km asl) at Haleakalā, Maui Island, USA, is based on relative stratigraphy from 24 test excavations, associated artifacts of known or probable time periods, and 12 radiocarbon dates. The results indicate intensive use of the unfavorable high-altitude environment in the range of AD 1400–1600, with very limited use slightly earlier. Numerous campsites were used repeatedly near the Haleakalā crater rim and scattered on the lower western mountain slope. Prior to this time, activity in this inhospitable setting was infrequent and occurred on a small scale.
Struktur dan Sifat Mekanis Film Bacterial Cellulose dengan Disintegrasi Mekanis

The film structure was greatly affected by the mechanical properties of Bacterial Cellulose (BC). An engineering effort on the Bacterial Cellulose Fibers (BCF) structure was changing the size and distribution of BCF through the mechanical disintegrator process using a High Speed Blender (HSB). This study aimed to show the effect of disintegrator on the structure and mechanical properties of BCF film. In this study, the BCF was synthesized by fermentation of pineapple peel waste with incubation of Acetobacter xylinum ( A. xylinum ) for 14 days. BC pellicle was soaked by using 1% NaOH for 24 hours then distrusted using the HSB with code speed variation of L (18000 rpm), M (21000 rpm), and H (26000 rpm) for 5 min. Then film formed by a casting method and dried in the oven at a temperature of 60°C for 8 hours. The study result showed that the morphology of BCF formed pores, the crystallinity decreased so the tensile strength was decreased by 94%. The results of this study are expected to provide engineering information on the BCF structure potentially for filters and for sensors.
Ab initio electronic structure and magnetism in Sr2XMoO6 (X = Fe or Co) double perovskite systems: a GGA and GGA+U comparative study

Using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave ab initio method, we investigate bulk magnetic properties of Sr2XMoO6 (X = Fe, Co) double perovskites by comparing the results obtained with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and GGA+U methods in order to discuss their magnetic configuration in relation with the experiments. We show that both methods lead to significantly different results and that a good agreement with experimental results—antiferromagnetic insulator for X = Co—can be obtained only when the GGA+U method is used. For X = Fe, we exhibit the role played by oxygen vacancies in the stabilization of a negative magnetic moment on the Fe antisite with preserved half-metallicity. We show that such a negative moment can be obtained only when an oxygen vacancy occurs in the direct neighbourhood of the Fe antisite with the GGA+U method.
Gene function prediction based on sequence or expression data

One of the primary goals of bioinformatics is the identification of the function of genes. The most reliable way of doing this is through experimentation. However, this is a very slow and expensive process. While this is necessary in the beginning and will continue to be necessary for special cases, it becomes impractical when one considers the number of different genes encoded in the genomes of every living organism. A faster way is to instead identify the function of genes by comparing them to the smaller set of genes with known function. This comparison may be based on many different kinds of data, including sequence similarity and gene expression data (Hawkins and Kihara, 2007). The goal of this dissertation is to provide tools to aid in the identification of the function of unknown genes. To that end, we first present a study in which gene expression data was used to annotate many unknown genes by clustering the expression data. We then present a tool for clustering gene expression data while also identifying short areas of high sequence similarity (motifs) among members of the clusters. Finally, we present a tool for identifying the functionally relevant sub-sections of protein sequences. These sub-sections can then be used to find proteins containing similar sub-sections, even though the rest of the protein may be quite different. This tool can thus find more distantly related proteins sharing functionally relevant features.
Exploring errors in paleoclimate proxy reconstructions using Monte Carlo simulations: paleotemperature from mollusk and coral geochemistry

Quantitative reconstructions of the past climate statistics from geochemical coral or mollusk records require quantified error bars in order to properly interpret the amplitude of the climate change and to perform meaningful comparisons with climate model outputs. We introduce here a more precise categorization of reconstruction errors, differentiating the error bar due to the proxy calibration uncertainty from the standard error due to sampling and variability in the proxy formation process. Then, we propose a numerical approach based on Monte Carlo simulations with surrogate proxy-derived climate records. These are produced by perturbing a known time series in a way that mimics the uncertainty sources in the proxy climate reconstruction. A freely available algorithm, MoCo, was designed to be parameterized by the user and to calculate realistic systematic and standard errors of the mean and the variance of the annual temperature, and of the mean and the variance of the temperature seasonality reconstructed from marine accretionary archive geochemistry. In this study, the algorithm is used for sensitivity experiments in a case study to characterize and quantitatively evaluate the sensitivity of systematic and standard errors to sampling size, stochastic uncertainty sources, archive-specific biological limitations, and climate non-stationarity. The results of the experiments yield an illustrative example of the range of variations of the standard error and the systematic error in the reconstruction of climate statistics in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Thus, we show that the sample size and the climate variability are the main sources of the standard error. The experiments allowed the identification and estimation of systematic bias that would not otherwise be detected because of limited modern datasets. Our study demonstrates that numerical simulations based on Monte Carlo analyses are a simple and powerful approach to improve the understanding of the proxy records. We show that the standard error for the climate statistics linearly increases with the climate variability, which means that the accuracy of the error estimated by MoCo is limited by the climate non-stationarity.
Bone sarcomas: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up Incidence and epidemiology Primary bone tumours are rare, accounting for <0.2% of malignant neoplasms

(Article begins on next page) Anyone can freely access the full text of works made available as "Open Access". Works made available under a Creative Commons license can be used according to the terms and conditions of said license. Use of all other works requires consent of the right holder (author or publisher) if not exempted from copyright protection by the applicable law. Availability: This is a pre print version of the following article:
Apionidae from North and Central America. Part 6. Description of new species of Apionion Kissinger, Coelocephalapion Wagner and Trichapion Wagner (Coleoptera)

Two new species of Trichapion. Wagner, T. baranowskii and T. santaritae, are described from Madera Canyon, near Tucson, Arizona. Six new species of Coelocephalapion Wagner are described: C. dilox (Mexico), C.goldilox (Costa Rica, Panama), C.johnsoni (Panama) with host Vatairea erythrocarpa Ducke (Fabaceae), C. nirostrum (Mexico), C. tellum (Texas, Mexico), and C. turnbowi (Mexico). Apionion opetion is described from Mexico. A closely similar species, Apionion bettyae (Kissinger), new combination, with probable host plant Lonchocarpus sp. (Fabaceae), is transferred from Trichapion.
A mechanistic model for river incision into bedrock by saltating bed load

Abrasion by bed load is a ubiquitous and sometimes dominant erosional mechanism for fluvial incision into bedrock. Here we develop a model for bedrock abrasion by saltating bed load wherein the wear rate depends linearly on the flux of impact kinetic energy normal to the bed and on the fraction of the bed that is not armored by transient deposits of alluvium. We assume that the extent of alluvial bed cover depends on the ratio of coarse sediment supply to bed load transport capacity. Particle impact velocity and impact frequency depend on saltation trajectories, which can be predicted using empirical functions of excess shear stress. The model predicts a nonlinear dependence of bedrock abrasion rate on both sediment supply and transport capacity. Maximum wear rates occur at moderate relative supply rates due to the tradeoff between the availability of abrasive tools and the partial alluviation of the bedrock bed. Maximum wear rates also occur at intermediate levels of excess shear stress due to the reduction in impact frequency as grain motion approaches the threshold of suspension. Measurements of bedrock wear in a laboratory abrasion mill agree well with model predictions and allow calibration of the one free model parameter, which relates rock strength to rock resistance to abrasive wear. The model results suggest that grain size and sediment supply are fundamental controls on bedrock incision rates, not only by bed load abrasion but also by all other mechanisms that require bedrock to be exposed in the channel bed.
PREVALENCE OF DISCLOSURE OF HIV POSITIVE STATUS AND ITS PREDICTORS AMONG CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH HIV INFECTION ATTENDING THE PAEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINIC AT TIKUR ANBESSA SPECIALIZED TEACHING HOSPITAL, ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA

Background: With the advent of antiretroviral therapy(ART), there has been a significant re-duction in morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected children and many of the children are sur-viving through childhood and into adolescence. Despite emerging evidence of the benefits of disclosure, when and how to disclose the diagnosis of HIV to children remains a clinical dilem-ma.Objective: We investigated the prevalence and factors associated with disclosure of HIV posi-tive status to children and effects of disclosure among children with HIV infection.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 233 HIV positive children aged 6-18 years from May- July 2013. Data on Socio-demography, disclosure status, age at disclosure and caregivers profile were collected by direct interviewing of caregivers and children. Medi-cal diagnosis, WHO clinical staging, treatment compliance and CD4+ count was obtained from medical records directly. Data was analysed using SPSS version 17.0 software. Descriptive sta-tistics such as frequency, mean, median, standard deviation and range were used to summarize the results. Significance tests and odds ratio were calculated using logistic regression models to examine the predictors and effects of HIV disclosure.Results: The prevalence of disclosure was 32%. The most common reason for non-disclosure was that the child was not mature enough to understand and/or cope with their diagnosis (64.4%). Almost all caregivers agreed that HIV positive status should be disclosed to the chil-dren in the future. More than half (52.3%)preferred disclosure to be done by health-care pro-viders only. Age of child >10 years at disclosure, the level of education of the child, longer du-ration on HIV medication were significantly associated with disclosure. (P≤0.05). Fewer ad-mission rate and administration of owns medication among the disclosed group was identified as significant positive effect of disclosure. Conclusion: Prevalence of disclosure is very low accounting only in one third of children on follow up clinic and among them only one third of the disclosure was initiated by health work-ers. Caregivers from non-disclosed group prefer the disclosure to be by health professional on-ly. It is recommended to address the barrier of disclosure in the perspective of health workers and a longitudinal study to be conducted to see health impact of disclosure is recommended.
Paper Chromatographic Separation of Plant Pigments a New Approach by using Akshya-Swagatika Solvent and Mobile Chromatogram Detection System (MCDS)

Chromatography is a term that refers to a group of laboratory techniques for separating mixtures. Chromatography works on the premise of solute partitioning between two phases or solvents. The technique of paper chromatography is commonly used to separate plant pigments based on their molecular weight. Plant pigments include chlorophyll-b, chlorophyll-a, carotenoid, and xanthophyll, which all have various molecular weights, colours, and absorption maxima. In this study, an attempt was made to see how a new solvent (Akshya-Swagatika solvent) can be used to separate plant pigments using paper chromatography, as well as a new detection method developed by us known as Mobile chromatogram detection system (MCDS) that can be used for compound identification and photographing. As shown in the table and photograph, pigments are separated by molecular weight and band colour, with carotenoid having the highest RF value and chlorophyll-b having the lowest. It was obvious that the Akshya-Swagatika solution could be used to separate plant pigments in paper chromatography. Photograph taken with a mobile chromatogram detection system that is much clearer than normal one. In developing countries, both solvent and detection systems are useful in explaining paper chromatography in a cost-effective manner. The MCDS detection system is cost-effective fast method which replaces traditional sophisticated detection procedures.