Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Postmastectomy Pain: A Cross-sectional Study of Prevalence, Pain Characteristics, and Effects on Quality of Life

Background:Postmastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS) is defined as a chronic (continuing for 3 or more months) neuropathic pain affecting the axilla, medial arm, breast, and chest wall after breast cancer surgery. The prevalence of PMPS has been reported to range from 20% to 68%. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of PMPS among mastectomy patients, the severity of neuropathic pain in these patients, risk factors that contribute to pain becoming chronic, and the effect of PMPS on life quality. Methods:This cross-sectional study was approved by the Sakarya University, Medical Faculty Ethical Council and included 146 patients ranging in age from 18 to 85 years who visited the pain clinic, general surgery clinic, and oncology clinic and had breast surgery between 2012 and 2014. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they met PMPS criteria: pain at axilla, arm, shoulder, chest wall, scar tissue, or breast at least 3 months after breast surgery. All patients gave informed consent prior to entry into the study. Patient medical records were collected, and pain and quality of life were evaluated by the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, a short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), douleur neuropathique-4 (DN-4), and SF-36. Results:Patient mean age was 55.2 ± 11.8 years (33.0–83.0 years). PMPS prevalence was 36%. Mean scores on the VAS, SF-MPQ, and DN-4 in PMPS patients were 1.76 ± 2.38 (0–10), 1.73 ± 1.54 (0–5), and 1.64 ± 2.31 (0–8), respectively. Of these patients, 31 (23.7%) had neuropathic pain characteristics, and 12 (9.2%) had phantom pain according to the DN-4 survey. Patients who had modified radical mastectomy were significantly more likely to develop PMPS than patients who had breast-protective surgery (P = 0.028). Only 2 (2.4%) of PMPS patients had received proper treatment (anticonvulsants or opioids). Conclusions:PMPS seriously impacts patients’ emotional situation, daily activities, and social relationships and is a major economic burden for health systems. We conclude that the rate of PMPS among patients receiving breast cancer surgery in Turkey is 64.1% and that challenges to the proper treatment of these patients deserve further investigation.
OBSERVATIONS AND MODELING OF UNUSUAL PATTERNS IN HUMAN HEART RATE VARIABILITY

PCT No. PCT/GB86/00646 Sec. 371 Date Aug. 20, 1987 Sec. 102(e) Date Aug. 20, 1987 PCT Filed Oct. 21, 1986 PCT Pub. No. WO87/02453 PCT Pub. Date Apr. 23, 1987.A sensing system for sensing acoustic waves, the sensing system comprises one or more sensor elements for use underwater, a reference sensor, and compensation means for compensating noise generated in the sensing system in dependence upon signals provided by the sensor elements and the reference sensor.
Youth sport in China

This chapter provides an analysis of youth sport in China and considers the role played by the state in its development. It starts by briefly reviewing national government policies for youth sport, particularly in relation to physical education (PE) and school sport. The chapter then reviews the available empirical evidence on the levels and patterns of young people’s participation in sport and physical activity, and health more broadly, and explains how these are associated with the traditional values and ideology which underpin social life in China. The chapter concludes by reflecting upon the future of youth sport in China.
A Brief History Of Auditory Models

This work presents a brief description of the human auditory system together with the history of human comprehension of the auditory function, its main features, and classic models used to represent it. First, a historical view of the hearing apparatus is presented. After that, the physiology of the peripheral auditory system is described. The process of acoustic propagation through the outer, middle and inner ear, as well as the mechanism of transformation of cochlea inner hair cell motion into neuron spikes are explained. Next, Flanagan’s mathematical representation (based on physiological data acquired by von Bekesy) of the passive relation between the sound that reaches the outer ear and the motion of the cochlea basilar membrane. Flanagan’s model is followed by Lyon’s model of the cochlea, Meddis’ model of the inner hair cell, and Patterson’s Auditory Image Model. Finally, the IPEM Toolbox is introduced as an example of music analysis system that incorporates an auditory model to perform acoustic analysis of sound based on human perception.
A Review and Classification of Recommender Systems Research

To understand the trend of recommender system researches by examining the published literature, and to provide practitioners and researchers with insight and future direction on recommender systems, we reviewed 164 articles on recommender systems from 31 journals which were published from 2001 to 2009. The literature search on recommender systems was conducted from top 125 journals of the MIS Journal Rankings. Using our classification framework, we classify the review literature into eight categories each of recommendation fields and eight categories into data mining techniques. The review and classification framework was independently verified. Findings of this paper indicate that the research field of movie field received most research field. We hope that this paper helps anyone who is interested in recommender systems research to suggest insight for future research KeywordsRecommender systems; Literature review; Data mining technique; Classification
Understanding Working Memory (2nd edition)

The publication of a new book in the ﬁeld of working memory is timely, as there are few topics currently eliciting greater interest for practitioners working with children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental problems. Long identiﬁed as a key construct in cognitive psychology due to its relationship to intelligence, cognitive development and real world skills, much recent interest has been stirred by claims that speciﬁc interventions can directly enhance working memory functioning, thereby improving the academic and general outcome of children with developmental disorders. Authored by Tracy Alloway, a psychologist with a history of research in the ﬁeld, and Ross Alloway, a research scholar and developer of the Jungle Memory intervention, Understanding Working Memory is a revision of the ﬁrst author’s Improving Working Memory (Packiam Alloway, 2010). The revised work aims to introduce to practitioners the nature of working memory and its relationship with speciﬁc developmental conditions. An introductory chapter provides a brief overview of the concept of working memory, its relationship with intelligence and learning, and the importance of identifying deﬁcits in working memory. A second chapter examines the assessment of working memory, with a focus on Alloway’s Automated Working Memory Assessment and discussion of working memory measures on intelligence batteries. The following six chapters describe working memory problems proposed to accompany reading difﬁculties, mathematics difﬁculties, developmental coordination disorder, ADHD, autistic spectrum disorder, and anxiety disorders. A ﬁnal chapter brieﬂy describes strategies for encouraging learning in students with working memory difﬁculties. Generally,thebookprovidesabroadintroductiontoworkingmemoryinaccessible, non-technical language. It is likely to appeal to teachers and health professionals approaching the topic of working memory for the ﬁrst time, and its strength lies in the descriptive case examples that bring to life learning difﬁculties faced by children with diverse developmental cognitive disorders.
Improving the upper bounds on the covering radii of Reed-Muller codes

By deriving bounds on character sums of Boolean functions and by using the characterizations, due to Kasami and Tokura, of those elements of the Reed-Muller codes whose Hamming weights are smaller than twice the minimum distance, we derive an improved upper bound on the covering radius of the Reed-Muller code of order 2, and we deduce improved upper bounds on the covering radii of the Reed-Muller codes of higher orders
Native Language Identification with PPM

This paper reports on our work in the NLI shared task 2013 on Native Language Identification. The task is to automatically detect the native language of the TOEFL essays authors in a set of given test documents in English. The task was solved by a system that used the PPM compression algorithm based on an n-gram statistical model. We submitted four runs; word-based PPMC algorithm with normalization and without, character-based PPMC algorithm with normalization and without. The worst result was obtained on training and testing data during the evaluation procedure using the character-based PPM method and normalization: accuracy = 31.9%; the best one was macroaverage F-measure = 0.708 with the word-based PPMC algorithm without normalization.
The realization of face detection and fullness detection in medium by using Haar Cascade Classifiers

Today, Human face detection algorithms, digital video processing, video detection, computer vision etc. are used in many applications. There are different applications for face detection and many methods in studies. It has gained importance to know which face detection method will be used. This study aims to detect the number of the faces in an image and to figure the status of fullness of the medium by using a mobile device. Haar Cascade Classifiers are used to take instant images by the mobile device. The medium of the image are analyzed and faces of the people's are detected. Study shows that the system works successfully.
The Future of Computer Science

Computer science is undergoing a fundamental change and is reshaping our un- derstanding of the world. An important aspect of this change is the theory and applications dealing with the gathering and analyzing of large real-world data sets. In this paper, we introduce four research projects in which processing and interpreting large data sets is a cen- tral focus. Innovative ways of analyzing such data sets allow us to extract useful information that we would never have obtained from small or synthetic data sets, thus providing us with new insights into the real world.
0-1 knapsack problem approach for multicast agent in NEMO system

— Multicast provides an effective group communication mechanism in IP layer to reduce the redundant packets transmission compared with the unicast. The knapsack problem is a problem in combinatorial optimization when we have given a set of items, each with a weight and a value, determine the number of each item to include in a collection so that the total weight is less than or equal to a given limit and the total value is as large as possible. This paper discusses 0-1 Knapsack approach to use by NEMO’s multicast agent (MA) to ensure the forwarding data to their destinations in combinational optimize selection manner, and acceptable throughput
Automatic event-triggered call-forwarding mechanism for mobile phones

Call forwarding is a traditional telecom service that allows a user to forward incoming calls to another telephone number. This service requires the user to manually activate and deactivate the feature and therefore may not be very convenient. This paper proposes an automatic call-forwarding algorithm (CFA) for mobile phones. By installing a software in a smartphone, call forwarding is automatically triggered (e.g., when the phone is plugged in a charger or is turned off) or disabled (e.g., when the phone is unplugged from the charger or is turned on). We investigate the performance of the CFA through analytic analysis, simulation, and measurement. Our study indicates that CFA is very feasible for commercial usage. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying the Ocean, Freshwater and Human Effects on Year-to-Year Variability of One-Sea-Winter Atlantic Salmon Angled in Multiple Norwegian Rivers

Many Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, populations are decreasing throughout the species' distributional range probably due to several factors acting in concert. A number of studies have documented the influence of freshwater and ocean conditions, climate variability and human impacts resulting from impoundment and aquaculture. However, most previous research has focused on analyzing single or only a few populations, and quantified isolated effects rather than handling multiple factors in conjunction. By using a multi-river mixed-effects model we estimated the effects of oceanic and river conditions, as well as human impacts, on year-to-year and between-river variability across 60 time series of recreational catch of one-sea-winter salmon (grilse) from Norwegian rivers over 29 years (1979–2007). Warm coastal temperatures at the time of smolt entrance into the sea and increased water discharge during upstream migration of mature fish were associated with higher rod catches of grilse. When hydropower stations were present in the course of the river systems the strength of the relationship with runoff was reduced. Catches of grilse in the river increased significantly following the reduction of the harvesting of this life-stage at sea. However, an average decreasing temporal trend was still detected and appeared to be stronger in the presence of salmon farms on the migration route of smolts in coastal/fjord areas. These results suggest that both ocean and freshwater conditions in conjunction with various human impacts contribute to shape interannual fluctuations and between-river variability of wild Atlantic salmon in Norwegian rivers. Current global change altering coastal temperature and water flow patterns might have implications for future grilse catches, moreover, positioning of aquaculture facilities as well as the implementation of hydropower schemes or other encroachments should be made with care when implementing management actions and searching for solutions to conserve this species.
The Security Matrix Factorization Agreement with Two Parties

In the confidential computing issues of scientific computing, the confidential computing of matrix factorization is still no fruit home and abroad. This paper using Data perturbation assumption and Oblivious Transfer 1 out of k protocol, successfully construct confidential computing protocols of matrix general factorization and QR factorization. On the model of semi-honest, it can meet the confidentiality. At the same time, the method of this protocol is also suitable for confidential computing of matrix other factorizations.
Sift-based improvement of depth imagery

Depth Image Based Rendering (DIBR) is a widely used technique to enable free viewpoint television. It utilizes one or more reference texture images and their associated depth images to synthesize virtual camera views. The depth image plays a crucial role for DIBR. However, most of the conventional depth image estimation approaches determine the depth information from a limited set of nearby reference images. This leads to inconsistencies among multiple reference depth images, thus resulting in poor rendering quality. In this paper, we propose an approach that uses the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) to improve depth images at virtual viewpoints. We extract SIFT features in left and right reference images, and use feature correspondences to improve the consistency between reference depth images. By doing so, the quality of rendered virtual views can be enhanced.
Fast comparison of evolutionary trees

Abstract Constructing evolutionary trees for species sets is a fundamental problem in biology. Unfortunately, there is no single agreed upon method for this task, and many methods are in use. Current practice dictates that trees be constructed using different methods and that the resulting trees then be compared for consensus. It has become necessary to automate this process as the number of species under consideration has grown. We study the Unrooted Maximum Agreement Subtree Problem ( UMAST ) and its rooted variant ( RMAST ). The UMAST problem is as follows: given a set A and two trees T 0 and T 1 leaf-labeled by the elements of A , find a maximum cardinality subset B of A such that the restrictions of T 0 and T 1 to B are topologically isomorphic. Our main result is an O ( n 2 + o (1) ) time algorithm for the UMAST problem. We also derive an O ( n 2 ) time algorithm for the RMAST problem. The previous best algorithm for both these problems has running time O ( n 4.5 + o (1) ).
asymptotics for open-loop window flow control

An open-loop window flow-control scheme regulates the flow into a system by allowing at most a specified window size W of flow in any interval of length L. The sliding window considers all subintervals of length L, while the jumping window considers consecutive disjoint intervals of length L. To better understand how these window control schemes perform for stationary sources, we describe for a large class of stochastic input processes the asymptotic behavior of the maximum flow in such window intervals over a time interval [0, T] as T and L get large, with T substantially bigger than L. We use strong approximations to show that when T >> L > log T an invariance principle holds, so that the asymptotic behavior depends on the stochastic input process only via its rate and asymptotic variability parameters. In considerable generality, the sliding and jumping windows arc asymptotically equivalent. We also develop an approximate relation between the two maximum window sizes. We apply the asymptotic results to develop approximations for the means and standard deviations of the two maximum window contents. We apply computer simulation to evaluate and refine these approximations.
A new algorithm for structural decomposition of fast subsystems

In this paper, we develop the algorithm of He, Chen's structural decomposition for descriptor systems ([1], [2]). A new algorithm based on elementary operations is given to transform the fast subsystems so that we obtain the expected representation more easily. The result also simplifies the next step of the algorithm by our method.
Vitamin D Sub‐Set Analysis from the FLASH Study‐ a Longitudinal College Student Cohort

Vitamin D is important to the health of college students. Our objective was to measure sun exposure, skin pigmentation, vitamin D intake, and serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) in a subset of students from FLASH, a college health study. Participants (n = 49) were freshman who had their blood drawn in Spring 2009 at Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo, CA. (35.3 N). Vitamin D intake and sun exposure were measured using 30 day recall questionnaires that included date, time of day, location, activity, minutes in direct sun, clothing worn, and sunscreen use. Skin pigmentation was measured using a reflectance spectrophotometer. Serum 25(OH)D was measured at a local pathology lab. Means (SDs) were as follows: Reflectance of the forehead was 61 (3.5) Lightness, vitamin D intake was 296 (218) IU, time outside was 75 (43) mins, and serum 25(OH)D was 85 (24) nmol/L. We found that 35% of the subjects were vitamin D insufficient (less than 75 nmol/L). Thus, even in a sunny climate college students can experience vitamin D insufficiency.
User-generated-video summarization using Sparse Modelling

A novel key-frame extraction method is proposed in this paper. Our method focused on user-generated-videos which were captured by smartphones or tablets or other smart devices which can record acceleration values and orientation values during video capturing. Our method use Dissimilarity-based Sparse Modeling Representative Selection(DSMRS) on orientation information to extract key-frames instead of visual features used by traditional key-frame extraction methods. Acceleration value is used in our method to exclude outliers.
Construction of Conflict-Free Routes for Aircraft in Case of Free-Routing with Genetic Algorithms.

With the rising problems in mind a new idea evolved in the near past: Free−flight for en−route traffic. This would allow to use the whole airspace and therefore to increase the capacity of the airspace system. It would not be necessary any longer to force the use of the prescribed routing system and to leave the space between the routes unused. The main problems of free−flight are the construction of optimal conflict−free routes between given starting and destination points and the control of aircraft movements by the airspace controllers.
Surface-Exposed Adeno-Associated Virus Vp1-NLS Capsid Fusion Protein Rescues Infectivity of Noninfectious Wild-Type Vp2/Vp3 and Vp3-Only Capsids but Not That of Fivefold Pore Mutant Virions

ABSTRACT Over the past 2 decades, significant effort has been dedicated to the development of adeno-associated virus (AAV) as a vector for human gene therapy. However, understanding of the virus with respect to the functional domains of the capsid remains incomplete. In this study, the goal was to further examine the role of the unique Vp1 N terminus, the N terminus plus the recently identified nuclear localization signal (NLS) (J. C. Grieger, S. Snowdy, and R. J. Samulski, J. Virol 80:5199-5210, 2006), and the virion pore at the fivefold axis in infection. We generated two Vp1 fusion proteins (Vp1 and Vp1NLS) linked to the 8-kDa chemokine domain of rat fractalkine (FKN) for the purpose of surface exposure upon assembly of the virion, as previously described (K. H. Warrington, Jr., O. S. Gorbatyuk, J. K. Harrison, S. R. Opie, S. Zolotukhin, and N. Muzyczka, J. Virol 78:6595-6609, 2004). The unique Vp1 N termini were found to be exposed on the surfaces of these capsids and maintained their phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity, as determined by native dot blot Western and PLA2 assays, respectively. Incorporation of the fusions into AAV type 2 capsids lacking a wild-type Vp1, i.e., Vp2/Vp3 and Vp3 capsid only, increased infectivity by 3- to 5-fold (Vp1FKN) and 10- to 100-fold (Vp1NLSFKN), respectively. However, the surface-exposed fusions did not restore infectivity to AAV virions containing mutations at a conserved leucine (Leu336Ala, Leu336Cys, or Leu336Trp) located at the base of the fivefold pore. EM analyses suggest that Leu336 may play a role in global structural changes to the virion directly impacting downstream conformational changes essential for infectivity and not only have local effects within the pore, as previously suggested.
A convex representation for the vectorial Mumford-Shah functional

We propose the first tractable convex formulation of the vectorial Mumford-Shah functional which allows to compute high-quality solutions independent of the initialization. To this end, we generalize recently introduced convex formulations for scalar functionals to the vector-valued scenario in such a way that discontinuities in the different color channels preferably coincide. Furthermore, we propose an efficient solution which makes the overall optimization problem as tractable as in the scalar-valued case. Numerous experimental comparisons with the naive channel-wise approach, with the well-known Ambrosio-Tortorelli approximation, and with the classical total variation confirm the advantages of the proposed relaxation for contrast-preserving and edge-enhancing regularization.