Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maternal Care and Individual Differences in Defensive

ABSTRACT— Familial transmission of mental illness iscommon. Recent studies in behavioral neuroscience andbiological psychiatry reveal the importance of epigeneticmechanisms of transmission that center on the develop-mentalconsequencesofvariationsinparentalcare.Studieswith rats suggest that environmental adversity results inpatterns of parent–offspring interactions that increasestress reactivity through sustained effects on gene expres-sion in brain regions known to regulate behavioral, endo-crine,andautonomicresponsestostress.Whilesucheffectsmightbeadaptive,theassociatedcostinvolvesanincreasedrisk for stress-related illness. KEYWORDS— maternal care; stress responses; epigenesis;stress hormones; individual differencesTo explain the relation between family function and health inadulthood, researchers have proposed stress-diathesis models(Repetti, Taylor, & Seeman, 2002). These models suggest thata decreased quality of parental care alters the development ofneural and endocrine systems, increasing the magnitude ofemotional, autonomic, and endocrine responses to stress (col-lectively referred to here as defensive responses) and thus pre-disposing individuals to illness. The term diathesis refers to theinteraction between development—including the potential in-ﬂuence of genetic variations—and the prevailing level of stressexperienced by an individual in predicting health outcomes.Such models have considerable appeal, and could identify boththeoriginsofillnessandthenatureofunderlyingvulnerabilities.A critical assumption of stress-diathesis models is that theincreased expression of defensive responses endangers health.In response to neural signals associated with the perception of astressor, there is an increased release into the bloodstream ofstress hormones, including glucocorticoids from the adrenalgland and catecholamines, particularly norepinephrine, fromthe sympathetic nervous system. These hormones increase theavailability of energy (such as derived from fat and glucosemetabolism) to maintain the normal cellular output and organefﬁciency and protect against catastrophies such as hypotensiveshock (a crash in blood pressure). These stress hormones, alongwith the release of catecholamines in the brain, increase vigi-lance and fear and enhance adaptive processes such as avoid-ance learning and fear conditioning. However, there are costsassociated with chronic activation of stress hormones: chroni-cally enhanced emotional arousal, persistent increases in bloodsugarsandfats,anddisruptionofsleepandnormalcognitiveandemotional function. For this reason, chronic activation of de-fensiveresponsescanpredisposeindividualstoillnessessuchasdiabetes, heart disease, and mood disorders, and individualswith enhanced stress reactivity are at greater risk for chronicillness. However, insufﬁcient activation of defensive responsesunder appropriate conditions also compromises health and isassociated with chronic fatigue, chronic pain, and hyperin-ﬂammation. People walk a ﬁne line.
Urban web crawling

Local search is increasingly becoming a major focus point of research interest. It is a widely-recognized speciality search with a large application area. Its data is usually aggregated from a variety of sources. One as yet largely untapped source of location data is the WWW. Today, the Web does not explicitly reveal its location-relation; rather this information is hidden somewhere within pages' contents. To exploit such location information, we need to find, extract and geo-spatially index relevant Web pages. For an effective retrieval of such content, this paper examines the application of focused Web crawling to the geospatial domain. We describe our approach for a geo-aware focused crawling of urban areas and other regions with a high building density. We present our experimental results that give us insight into spatial Web information such as location density and link distance between topical pages. Our crawls and evaluations back our hypothesis that geospatially focused crawling is suitable for the urban geospatial topic.
Design of a wideband equal power divider and multiple phase shifter for variable polarization

A hybrid microwave passive network having equal power division and variable phase shifting ability within a wideband is proposed. The hybrid network consists of a wideband noncoupled-line microstrip balun network and two 90° phase shifters derived from the same balun. The microstrip network has an advantage of equal power division and 10 dB return loss within a wide bandwidth from 2.6 GHz to 4.1 GHz. The four output ports of the network provide 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° phase shift with respect to the input signal throughout the operating band. The amplitude and phase imbalance between the four output ports are within 0.9 dB and ±8°, respectively, along with the port isolations are below -15 dB. The overall dimensions of the device are made compact (3.2λ × 2λ × 0.032λ) at the center frequency of 3.3 GHz and designed on low cost FR-4 (εr = 4.4) substrate.
Head pose Estimation Using Convolutional Neural Networks

Head pose estimation is a fundamental problem in computer vision. Several methods has been proposed to solve this problem. Most existing methods use traditional computer vision methods and existing method of using neural networks works on depth bitmaps. In this project, we explore using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that take RGB image as input to estimate the head pose. We use regression as the estimation approach. We explored the effect of different regularization strength and face alignment in our estimation. By using a CNN whose architecture is similar to VGG-nagadomi to train on IHDB head pose dataset, we can get a test regression euclidean loss of less than 0.0113, equivalent to average error of 20◦ of spherical distance, 4 times smaller than not using face alignment. We also proved that proper regularization strength could prevent overfitting thus reduce test loss.
Distribution of words with a predefined range of mismatches to a DNA probe in bacterial genomes

MOTIVATION Hybridization of oligonucleotides with longer nucleotide sequences is an essential step in nucleic acid biosynthesis in vitro and in vivo, in oligonucleotide-based diagnostics, and in therapeutic applications of oligonucleotides. A major factor determining sensitivity and selectivity of hybridization is the number of base pair mismatches that occur in an ungapped alignment of the oligonucleotide (probe) and a longer sequence (target). RESULTS The k-distance match count between the probe and the target is defined as the number of ungapped alignments between the two sequences that have exactly k mismatches, and the k-neighbor match count is defined as the sum of the j-distance match counts for j between 0 and k. We derive a novel formula for the probability of a k-distance match. This formula is based on the assumption that the target is strand-symmetric Bernoulli text (i.e. nucleotides are independently, identically distributed in the target and satisfy Chargaff's second parity rule). Our model predicts that the GC-content in both the probe and the target significantly affects the match count expectation. The ratio of k-neighbor match counts in two distinct genomes for a given probe is a measure of its specificity. We calculated such ratios for pairs of bacterial genomes with different combinations of length, GC-content and phylogenetic distance. Examination of the extreme values of these ratios indicates that probes with a high discriminative power exist for each tested pair.
Validity and reliability of the EQ-5D self-report questionnaire in Chinese-speaking patients with rheumatic diseases in Singapore.

OBJECTIVE We assessed the psychometric properties of a Singaporean Chinese version of the EQ-5D, a health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument. MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive outpatients with rheumatic diseases seen for routine follow-up consultations at the National University Hospital, Singapore were interviewed twice within 2 weeks using a standardised questionnaire containing the EQ-5D, the Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), the Learned Helplessness Subscale, a pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and assessing demographic and psychosocial characteristics. To assess the validity of the EQ-5D, 13 hypotheses relating the EQ-5D self-classifier (5 dimensions) or visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) to SF-36 scores or other variables were examined using the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis or Spearman's correlation coefficient. Test-retest reliability was assessed using Cohen's kappa. RESULTS Forty-eight subjects were studied (osteoarthritis: 16; rheumatoid arthritis: 22; systemic lupus erythematosus: 8; spondyloarthropathy: 2; female: 93.8%; mean age: 56.4 years). Seven of 13 a-priori hypotheses relating EQ-5D to external variables were fulfilled, supporting the validity of the EQ-5D. For example, subjects reporting moderate or extreme problems for EQ-5D dimensions generally had lower median SF-36 scores than those without such problems. Cohen's kappa for test-retest reliability of the self-classifier ranged from 0.41 to 1.00 (n = 42; median interval: 7 days, interquartile range: 7 to 11 days). CONCLUSIONS The Singaporean Chinese EQ-5D self-classifier appears to be a valid measure of HRQoL in Singaporeans with rheumatic diseases; however, the reliability of the EQ-VAS requires further investigation. These data provide a basis for further studies of the Singaporean Chinese EQ-5D.
Aligning Sentences in Bilingual Texts French - English and French - Arabic

In this paper, we will tackle the problem raised by the automatic alignment of sentences belonging to bilingual text pairs. "[he method that we advocate here is inspired by what a person with a fair knowledge of the other langage would do intuitively. It is based on rite matching of the elements which are similar in both sentences. However, to match these elements correctly, we first have to match the sentences that contain them. There seems to be a vicious circle here. We will show how to break it. On the one hand, we will describe the hypotheses we made, and, nn the other hand, the algorithms which ensued. The experiments are carried out with French-English and French-Arabic text pairs• We will show that matching sentences and, later, expressions, amounts to raising a new problem in the machine translation field, i. e. the problem of recognition instead of that of translation, strictly speaking. REMERCIEMENTS : Le travail pr&~entg a b~n~fici4 de l'aide de nombreuses personne~. Nous les remercions routes, en particulier E. Souissi et A. Zribi pour leurs contributions ; E. Mackaay, L NaddeoSouriau, J.-L. Lemoigne et la revue Pour la Science pour la gentillesse avec laquelle ils ont accept4 de nous donner sur disquettes des textes ou fragments de textes monolingues ou bilingues ; J. Kouloughli et J.-B. Berthelin pour les dis~nssions et critiques qu'ils sont mujours pr~ts it faire. L ~ L ~ ~ I ~++. ,. l+,. Jl . ~E . J J I ~t. ~t. ~ +Uji ~ J ~ ,. :,t_,d4Jl ,J.st_~ o~ ++,,-w~+ + . L ~ . ~ . ,. ¢:Uf 4,~. I ~ t _ ~ j 4~ . 1 4sL~ ~ , ' , t _ _ . 4 ~ I ~. +. ~ ~st_~JI 4 s t ~ ~ 4~ . 1 . +pJI ,::,L~. +M.JI c.A+"J ~ M ++Jr ~+. ~_Jt • r,. ~lj.dl ,::, . L~. , j , i ~ J I . JJ:~j ~L:,. ,. ,~l
I ’ ll know it when I see it : Toward cognitively plausible recommendations

This paper introduces GURU, a system that informatively and flexibly helps people find an item they are likely to enjoy. Our thesis is that a recommendation system can be cognitively plausible and collaborate with its users in real time. Like people, GURU retrieves supplementary data and considers similarity along multiple dimensions. Its representation is analogous to the ways that people recognize similarity, with overlapping sets of items and their prototypes. This paper provides empirical evidence from human subjects that GURU’s approach to recommendation is both reasonable and effective for a large dataset of movies.
Component analysis of self-regulated strategy development : effects of self-statements on student writing

The Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) model of writing instruction, which has been successfully used to improve student writing, is a multi-component, instructional model that combines explicit writing task strategy instruction with implicit instruction on self-regulation. One component of self-regulation identified in the model is self-instruction (i.e., students’ use of self-statements to regulate their emotions and behavior during the writing process). Recent research is unclear regarding the effectiveness of explicit instruction on self-statement use. The current study used a between groups design across six instructional pairs of students in grades 5 to 7 to determine if self-instruction is a critical component of the SRSD model. Three pairs of students received explicit instruction on the use of self-statements (SRSD+ group), the other three pairs did not (SRSD- group). Between groups differences in change were examined using a mixed effects, repeated measures ANOVA with a random intercept at the pair level. Results indicated that all groups showed significant improvements across most measures over time; however, there were no statistically significant differences in change between the SRSD+ and SRSD- groups. When effect sizes were examined, students in the SRSD- group showed large improvements relative to the SRSD+ group in self-efficacy, and small improvements in writing duration, Correct Writing Sequences (CWS), Percent Correct Writing Sequences (PCWS) and scores from British Columbia Performance Standards in Written Expression (BCPS-W) when compared to the SRSD+ group.
Electrochemical Windows of Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids from Molecular Dynamics and Density Functional Theory Calculations

We investigated the cathodic and anodic limits of six room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) formed from a combination of two common cations, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (BMIM) and N,N-propylmethylpyrrolidinium (P13), and three common anions, PF6, BF4, and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI), using an approach that combines molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. All interion interactions were taken into account by explicitly modeling the entire liquid structure using classical MD, followed by DFT computations of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies. The relative cathodic and anodic limits of BMIM PF6, BMIM BF4, BMIM TFSI, and P13 TFSI obtained from our approach are in fairly good agreement with existing experimental data. From our DFT calculations, we also obtained the cation- and anion-projected density of states (DOS), which provide information on the likely species contributing to reductiv.
An efficient group authentication for group communications

Group communication implies a many-to-many communication and it goes beyond both one-to-one communication (i.e., unicast) and one-to-many communication (i.e., multicast). Unlike most user authentication protocols that authenticate a single user each time, we propose a new type of authentication, called group authentication, that authenticates all users in a group at once. The group authentication protocol is specially designed to support group communications. There is a group manager who is responsible to manage the group communication. During registration, each user of a group obtains an unique token from the group manager. Users present their tokens to determine whether they all belong to the same group or not. The group authentication protocol allows users to reuse their tokens without compromising the security of tokens. In addition, the group authentication can protect the identity of each user.
Involvement of calmodulin and calmodulin-like proteins in plant responses to abiotic stresses

Transient changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration have been well recognized to act as cell signals coupling various environmental stimuli to appropriate physiological responses with accuracy and specificity in plants. Calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) are major Ca2+ sensors, playing critical roles in interpreting encrypted Ca2+ signals. Ca2+-loaded CaM/CMLs interact and regulate a broad spectrum of target proteins such as channels/pumps/antiporters for various ions, transcription factors, protein kinases, protein phosphatases, metabolic enzymes, and proteins with unknown biochemical functions. Many of the target proteins of CaM/CMLs directly or indirectly regulate plant responses to environmental stresses. Basic information about stimulus-induced Ca2+ signal and overview of Ca2+ signal perception and transduction are briefly discussed in the beginning of this review. How CaM/CMLs are involved in regulating plant responses to abiotic stresses are emphasized in this review. Exciting progress has been made in the past several years, such as the elucidation of Ca2+/CaM-mediated regulation of AtSR1/CAMTA3 and plant responses to chilling and freezing stresses, Ca2+/CaM-mediated regulation of CAT3, MAPK8 and MKP1 in homeostasis control of reactive oxygen species signals, discovery of CaM7 as a DNA-binding transcription factor regulating plant response to light signals. However, many key questions in Ca2+/CaM-mediated signaling warrant further investigation. Ca2+/CaM-mediated regulation of most of the known target proteins is presumed based on their interaction. The downstream targets of CMLs are mostly unknown, and how specificity of Ca2+ signaling could be realized through the actions of CaM/CMLs and their target proteins is largely unknown. Future breakthroughs in Ca2+/CaM-mediated signaling will not only improve our understanding of how plants respond to environmental stresses, but also provide the knowledge base to improve stress-tolerance of crops.
Pollen, Tapetum, and Orbicule Development in Colletia paradoxa and Discaria americana (Rhamnaceae)

Tapetum, orbicule, and pollen grain ontogeny in Colletia paradoxa and Discaria americana were studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ultrastructural changes observed during the different stages of development in the tapetal cells and related to orbicule and pollen grain formation are described. The proorbicules have the appearance of lipid globule, and their formation is related to the endoplasmic reticulum of rough type (ERr). This is the first report on the presence of orbicules in the family Rhamnaceae. Pollen grains are shed at the bicellular stage.
Malaria Parasite cGMP-dependent Protein Kinase Regulates Blood Stage Merozoite Secretory Organelle Discharge and Egress

The malaria parasite replicates within an intraerythrocytic parasitophorous vacuole (PV). Eventually, in a tightly regulated process called egress, proteins of the PV and intracellular merozoite surface are modified by an essential parasite serine protease called PfSUB1, whilst the enclosing PV and erythrocyte membranes rupture, releasing merozoites to invade fresh erythrocytes. Inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PfPKG) prevents egress, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here we show that PfPKG activity is required for PfSUB1 discharge into the PV, as well as for release of distinct merozoite organelles called micronemes. Stimulation of PfPKG by inhibiting parasite phosphodiesterase activity induces premature PfSUB1 discharge and egress of developmentally immature, non-invasive parasites. Our findings identify the signalling pathway that regulates PfSUB1 function and egress, and raise the possibility of targeting PfPKG or parasite phosphodiesterases in therapeutic approaches to dysregulate critical protease-mediated steps in the parasite life cycle.
Spatial channels of visual processing in cortical blindness

Blindsight is the ability of some cortically blind patients to discriminate visual events presented within their field defect. We have examined a fundamental aspect of visual processing, namely the detection of spatial structures presented within the field defect of 10 cortically blind patients. The method outlined is based on the detection of high‐contrast stimuli and is effective in flagging a ‘window of detection’ in the spatial frequency spectrum, should it exist. Here we report on the presence of a narrowly tuned psychophysical spatial channel optimally responding to frequencies less than 4 cycles/° in eight out of 10 patients tested. The two patients who did not show any evidence of blindsight appear to have intact midbrain structures, but have lesions that extend from the occipital cortex to the thalamus. In addition, we have recorded subjective reports of awareness of the visual events in each trial. Detection scores of eight blindsight patients were subsequently subdivided based on the subjective reports of awareness. It appears that the psychophysical spatial channel‐mediating responses in the absence of any awareness of the visual event have a narrower frequency response than those involved when the patients report some awareness of the visual event. The findings are discussed in relation to previous reports on the incidence of blindsight and performance on tasks involving spatial processing.
Microbiota of the ground air layers in natural and industrial zones of the Kola Arctic

ABSTRACT The fungi and bacteria number, as well as the species composition of the fungi in the ground air layer in the European Arctic region of Russia, primarily in the tundra (the Rybachy Peninsula), in the subzone of the northern taiga (the Pasvik State Nature Reserve) and in the industrial areas (the Copper-Nickel Plant “Pechenganickel,” the Kandalaksha Aluminum Plant) have been studied. One hundred and ninety-two atmosphere air samples of various ecosystems have been analyzed. The sample collection took place in the summer-autumn period (June, July, September, in 2012–2015) with the aspirator, precipitating microorganisms on the surface of media. The number of microorganisms per 1 m3 of air was calculated. The portion of the airborne fungi in the ground air layer both in the tundra and in the taiga was higher in comparison with the bacteria, and amounted to 60–77% of the total number colony forming units (CFU). The least number of microorganisms in the investigated period was registered in the Barents Sea coastal atmospheric air, only 11–15 microbial CFU per 1 m3. The airborne fungi diversity in the taiga zone was richer than in the tundra. The fungi of the g. Penicillium predominated in both zones air. Bacteria gram-positive (the division Fermicutes) predominated within the bacterial biota. The species Penicillium decumbens, P. raistrickii prevailed in the air of the background tundra zone regions. The representatives of the genus Torula and Sterilia mycelia, P. raistrickii predominated in the taiga zone. Close by the Copper–Nickel Plant (about 3 km), the air bacterial contamination (100–600 CFU per 1 m3) was revealed, with prevailing bacteria gram-negative (the division Gracilicutes). The species Cladosporium oxysporum predominated in the air to the greatest possible extent of the contaminated region due to the emissions of the Kandalaksha Aluminum Plant. The species Gongronella butleri were uppermost due to the emissions of the Copper–Nickel Plant «Pechenganickel». The quantity of the dark-pigmented fungi in the air for both zones amounted to 25% of the total amount within the emphasized species. The composition of the air industrial emissions stimulated the development of specific airborne fungi which are essentially different from those of the background regions.