Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Discriminative Model for Joint Morphological Disambiguation and Dependency Parsing

Most previous studies of morphological disambiguation and dependency parsing have been pursued independently. Morphological taggers operate on n-grams and do not take into account syntactic relations; parsers use the "pipeline" approach, assuming that morphological information has been separately obtained. However, in morphologically-rich languages, there is often considerable interaction between morphology and syntax, such that neither can be disambiguated without the other. In this paper, we propose a discriminative model that jointly infers morphological properties and syntactic structures. In evaluations on various highly-inflected languages, this joint model outperforms both a baseline tagger in morphological disambiguation, and a pipeline parser in head selection.
On the impact of interference on data protocol performance in multicellular wireless packet networks with MIMO links

We study here the performance of the data transmission protocol in a multicell SDMA/TDMA MIMO system running a distributed throughput-driven slot allocation algorithm, as a function of reuse distance, propagation exponent, and network load. Multiple antenna elements are used at both transmitter and receiver side, and perfect channel state information (CSI) is available at the receiver only. A simplified scenario with two access points is considered. We find that the capacity of the network is heavily affected by the presence of interference and we show that the joint use of an estimation of interference covariance matrix and adaptive stream-limited antenna selection prevents capacity degradation when the offered load increases. The results show that the adaptive stream-limited antenna selection introduces a considerable performance improvement over the traditional approach of frequency reuse.
Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance: A Population Perspective

The need to stem the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance has prompted multiple, sometimes conflicting, calls for changes in the use of antimicrobial agents. One source of disagreement concerns the major mechanisms by which antibiotics select resistant strains. For infections like tuberculosis, in which resistance can emerge in treated hosts through mutation, prevention of antimicrobial resistance in individual hosts is a primary method of preventing the spread of resistant organisms in the community. By contrast, for many other important resistant pathogens, such as penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium resistance is mediated by the acquisition of genes or gene fragments by horizontal transfer; resistance in the treated host is a relatively rare event. For these organisms, indirect, population-level mechanisms of selection account for the increase in the prevalence of resistance. These mechanisms can operate even when treatment has a modest, or even negative, effect on an individual host’s colonization with resistant organisms.
Sparse Model and Sparse Recovery with Ultra-wideband SAR Applications

This paper presents a simple yet very effective timedomain sparse representation and the associated sparse recovery techniques that can robustly capture raw ultra-wideband (UWB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) records. Unlike previous approaches in compressed sensing for SAR, we take advantage of the sparsity and the correlation directly in the raw received pulses before even attempting image formation. Recovery results from real-world data collected by ARL’s ultra-wideband (UWB) SAR system illustrate the robustness as well as effectiveness of our proposed framework on three diverse applications: subNyquist sampling of raw SAR data records, recovery of missing spectral information in multiple frequency bands, and extraction as well as suppression of radio frequency interference (RFI) signals from SAR data records. Keywords-UWB, SAR, compressed sensing (CS), sparse recovery, sparse noise, sub-Nyquist, missing spectrum, RFI
MLP-aware dynamic instruction window resizing for adaptively exploiting both ILP and MLP

It is difficult to improve the single-thread performance of a processor in memory-intensive programs because processors have hit the memory wall, i.e., the large speed discrepancy between the processors and the main memory. Exploiting memory-level parallelism (MLP) is an effective way to overcome this problem. One scheme for exploiting MLP is aggressive out-of-order execution. To achieve this, large instruction window resources (i.e., the reorder buffer, the issue queue, and the load/store queue) are required; however, simply enlarging these resources degrades the clock cycle time. While pipelining these resources can solve this problem, this leads to instruction issue delays, which prevents instruction-level parallelism (ILP) from being exploited effectively. As a result, the performance of compute-intensive programs is degraded dramatically. This paper proposes an adaptive dynamic instruction window resizing scheme that enlarges and pipelines the window resources only when MLP is exploitable, and shrinks and de-pipelines the resources when ILP is exploitable. Our scheme changes the size of the window resources by predicting whether MLP is exploitable based on the occurrence of last-level cache misses. Our scheme is very simple and hardware change is accommodated within the existing processor organization, it is thus very practical. Evaluation results using the SPEC2006 benchmark programs show that, for all programs, our dynamic instruction window resizing scheme achieves performance levels similar to the best performance achieved with fixed-size resources. On average, our scheme produces a performance improvement of 21% in comparison with that of a conventional processor, with an additional cost of only 6% of the conventional processor core or 3% of the entire processor chip, thus achieving a significantly better cost/performance ratio that is far beyond the level that can be achieved based on Pollack's law. The evaluation results also show an 8% better energy efficiency in terms of 1/EDP (energy-delay product).
The DEBS 2016 grand challenge

The DEBS Grand Challenge is a series of challenges which address problems in event stream processing. The focus of the Grand Challenge in 2016 is on processing of data streams that originate from social networks. Hence, the data represents an evolving graph structure. With this challenge we take up the general scenario and data source from the 2014 SIGMOD contest. However, in contrasts to the SIGMOD contest, the DEBS grand challenge explicitly focuses on continuous processing of streaming data and thus dynamic changes in graphs. This paper describes the specifics of the data streams and continuous queries that define the DEBS Grand Challenge 2016.
Efficient STT-RAM last-level-cache architecture to replace DRAM cache

Recent research has proposed die-stacked Last Level Cache (LLC) to overcome the Memory Wall. Lately, Spin-Transfer-Torque Random Access Memory (STT-RAM) caches have been recommended as they provide improved energy efficiency compared to DRAM caches. However, the recently proposed STT-RAM cache architecture unnecessarily dissipates energy by fetching unneeded cache lines into the row buffer. In this paper, we propose a Selective Read Policy for STT-RAM. This is policy only fetches those cache lines into the row buffer that are likely to be reused. This is reduces the number of cache line reads and thereby reduces the energy consumption. Further, we propose two key performance optimizations namely Row Buffer Tags Bypass Policy and LLC Data Cache. Both optimizations reduce the LLC access latency and therefore improve the overall performance. For evaluation, we implement our proposed architecture in the Zesto simulator and run different combinations of SPEC2006 benchmarks on an 8-core system. We show that our synergetic policies reduce the average LLC dynamic energy consumption by 72.6% and improve the system performance by 1.3% compared to the recently proposed STT-RAM LLC. Compared to the state-of-the-art DRAM LLC, our architecture reduces the LLC dynamic energy consumption by 90.6% and improves system performance by 1.4%.
Modulation of CXCR4, CXCL12, and Tumor Cell Invasion Potential In Vitro by Phytochemicals

CXCR4 is a chemokine receptor frequently overexpressed on primary tumor cells. Organs to which these cancers metastasize secrete CXCL12, the unique ligand for CXCR4, which stimulates invasion and metastasis to these sites. Similar to our previous work with the chemoprotective phytochemical, 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM), we show here that genistein also downregulates CXCR4 and CXCL12 and subsequently lowers the migratory and invasive potentials of breast and ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, genistein and DIM elicit a significantly greater cumulative effect in lowering CXCR4 and CXCL12 levels than either compound alone. Our data suggest a novel mechanism for the protective effects of phytochemicals against cancer progression and indicate that in combination, these compounds may prove even more efficacious.
Energy Metabolic Phenotype of the Cardiomyocyte During Development, Differentiation, and Postnatal Maturation

Dramatic maturational changes occur in cardiac energy metabolism during cardiac development, differentiation, and postnatal growth. These changes in energy metabolism have important impacts on the ability of the cardiomyocyte to proliferate during early cardiac development, as well as when cardiomyocytes terminally differentiate during later development. During early cardiac development, glycolysis is a major source of energy for proliferating cardiomyocytes. As cardiomyocytes mature and become terminally differentiated, mitochondrial oxidative capacity increases, with fatty acid β-oxidation becoming a major source of energy for the heart. The increase in mitochondrial oxidative capacity seems to coincide with a decrease in the proliferative ability of the cardiomyocyte. The switch from glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative metabolism during cardiac development includes both alterations in the transcriptional control and acute alterations in the control of each pathway. Interestingly, if a hypertrophic stress is placed on the adult heart, cardiac energy metabolism switches to a more fetal phenotype, which includes an increase in glycolysis and decrease in mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation. In this article, we review the impact of alterations in energy substrate metabolism on cardiomyocyte proliferation, differentiation, and postnatal maturation.
A test statistic in the complex Wishart distribution and its application to change detection in polarimetric SAR data

When working with multilook fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, an appropriate way of representing the backscattered signal consists of the so-called covariance matrix. For each pixel, this is a 3/spl times/3 Hermitian positive definite matrix that follows a complex Wishart distribution. Based on this distribution, a test statistic for equality of two such matrices and an associated asymptotic probability for obtaining a smaller value of the test statistic are derived and applied successfully to change detection in polarimetric SAR data. In a case study, EMISAR L-band data from April 17, 1998 and May 20, 1998 covering agricultural fields near Foulum, Denmark are used. Multilook full covariance matrix data, azimuthal symmetric data, covariance matrix diagonal-only data, and horizontal-horizontal (HH), vertical-vertical (VV), or horizontal-vertical (HV) data alone can be used. If applied to HH, VV, or HV data alone, the derived test statistic reduces to the well-known gamma likelihood-ratio test statistic. The derived test statistic and the associated significance value can be applied as a line or edge detector in fully polarimetric SAR data also.
The Pro-Neurotrophin Receptor Sortilin Is a Major Neuronal Apolipoprotein E Receptor for Catabolism of Amyloid-β Peptide in the Brain

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the major risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Among other functions, APOE is proposed to sequester neurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the brain, delivering them to cellular catabolism via neuronal APOE receptors. Still, the receptors involved in this process remain controversial. Here, we identified the pro-neurotrophin receptor sortilin as major endocytic pathway for clearance of APOE/Aβ complexes in neurons. Sortilin binds APOE with high affinity. Lack of receptor expression in mice results in accumulation of APOE and of Aβ in the brain and in aggravated plaque burden. Also, primary neurons lacking sortilin exhibit significantly impaired uptake of APOE/Aβ complexes despite proper expression of other APOE receptors. Despite higher than normal brain APOE levels, sortilin-deficient animals display anomalies in brain lipid metabolism (e.g., accumulation of sulfatides) seen in APOE-deficient mice, indicating functional deficiency in cellular APOE uptake pathways. Together, our findings identified sortilin as an essential neuronal pathway for APOE-containing lipoproteins in vivo and suggest an intriguing link between Aβ catabolism and pro-neurotrophin signaling converging on this receptor.
Active Minds: Creating Peer-to-Peer Mental Health Awareness

Utilizing student peers is one vital avenue for improving the prevention, detection, and treatment of mental health disorders on college campuses (The Campus Suicide Prevention Center of Virginia, 2011). This article will briefly review research findings indicating the importance of student peers and then focus on a promising model and growing movement, established by Active Minds Inc., an organization dedicated to engaging students in mental health promotion and prevention on campus. We will describe Active Minds’ history, goals, model, and programming, and give indications about future directions. After a decade of existence, Active Minds has seen firsthand the challenges and rewards of utilizing student peers to change the conversation about mental health on college campuses.
EBV and HIV-Related Lymphoma

HIV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders represent a heterogeneous group of diseases, arising in the presence of HIV-associated immunodeficiency. The overall prevalence of HIV-associated lymphoma is significantly higher compared to that of the general population and it continues to be relevant even after the wide availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (1). Moreover, they still represent one of the most frequent cause of death in HIV-infected patients. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), a γ-Herpesviruses, is involved in human lymphomagenesis, particularly in HIV immunocompromised patients. It has been largely implicated in the development of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders as Burkitt lymphoma (BL), Hodgkin disease (HD), systemic non Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NC). Virus-associated lymphomas are becoming of significant concern for the mortality of long-lived HIV immunocompromised patients, and therefore, research of advanced strategies for AIDS-related lymphomas is an important field in cancer chemotherapy. Detailed understanding of the EBV lifecycle and related cancers at the molecular level is required for novel strategies of molecular-targeted cancer chemotherapy The linkage of HIV-related lymphoma with EBV infection of the tumor clone has several pathogenetic, prognostic and possibly therapeutic implications which are reviewed herein.
μ-(Acetic acid)-di-μ-chlorido-bis[triphenyltellurium(IV)] monohydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C38H34Cl2O2Te2·H2O, contains two independent TeIV cations, each coordinated by three phenyl ligands, two Cl− anions and one acetic acid molecule in a distorted octahedral C3Cl2O geometry; the longer Te⋯Cl distances ranging from 3.2007 (11) to 3.4407 (11) Å and the longer Te⋯O distances of 3.067 (3) and 3.113 (3) Å indicate the weak bridge coordination. The Cl− anion and acetic acid molecule bridge the two independent TeIV cations, forming the dimeric complex molecule, in which the Te⋯Te separation is 3.7314 (4) Å. In the crystal, the water molecules of crystallization link the TeIV complex molecules into chains running along the b-axis direction via O—H⋯O and O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds.
1 Impulsive Inputs for Feedback Control and Hybrid System Modeling

This paper gives a concise description of feedback control theory in the class of impulsive inputs which allow higher derivatives of delta-functions. It indicates a related version of Hamiltonian techniques in the dynamic programming form. Further described are physically realizable approximations of the “ideal” impulse-type solutions, which may also serve as “fast” feedback controls. The high-order impulsive inputs may be also implemented as virtual controls which describe instantaneous switchings and resets in hybrid system models.
Flexible over-moded resonators based on P(VDF-TrFE) thin films with very high temperature coefficient

This work presents for the first time a flexible over-moded resonator (OMR) based on P(VDF-TrFE) thin films. The devices were manufactured on commercially available elastic substrate with inkjet-printed electrodes. The sensing copolymer films used in the devices were polarized by the corona method after electrode deposition. The main performance parameters of the component were then determined. The manufactured OMRs on P(VDF-TrFE) exhibited a linear variation of frequency versus temperature and a very large value of temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF > 1600 ppm/°C). These properties suggest a great potential for using such components as low-cost and high-precision temperature sensors. The electromechanical coupling coefficient and the quality factor of the resonator were also characterized versus temperature.
Demystifying democratisation: the global constitution of (neo)liberal polities in Africa

Abstract The contest to define ‘democracy’ has become a fundamental concern of global politics. As Noam Chomsky has argued, the guardians of world order have sought to establish democracy in one sense of the term, while blocking it in others. The article interrogates the theoretical and material underpinnings of the great-power-defined agenda of democratisation. It argues that the democratisation project seeks to constitute (neo)liberal polities with a procedural notion of democracy, through coveted transformations in three domains: the minimal ‘neutral’ state, the liberal public sphere or ‘civil society’, and the liberal ‘self’. The impetus to constitute African social relations in its own particular image may be attributable to liberalism's universalist pretensions. But ideas have materiality. Liberal democracy qua liberalism maintains a strong historical association with the birth and evolution of the modern capitalist world. The article contends that the democratisation project endeavours to reproduce within Africa (and elsewhere) the patterns of transformation that characterised the transition to capitalist modernity in north-west Europe.
A literature review on vulvodynia and distress

Distress about a sexual problem is a necessary part of diagnosing female sexual dysfunction. It is an important way to distinguish between a sexual problem and normal sexual variation and has implications for treatment seeking, motivation for therapy and prognosis. The concept of distress, however, has not been clearly defined and is complex and poorly understood. Furthermore, there has been limited research into distress related to genital pain disorders. This paper explores the concept of distress within the field of vulvodynia research, specifically the distress that results from genital pain. Due to the limited research into distress relating specifically to genital pain this review will contextualise the available literature within the larger context of distress related to other female sexual dysfunctions. The discussion includes the current and future Diagnostic and Statistical Manual definitions for genital pain, as well as general definitions of distress. It also explores distress in the genital pain and general female sexual dysfunction literature and discusses its diagnostic, research and clinical implications.
T-helper type 2-driven inflammation defines major subphenotypes of asthma.

RATIONALE T-helper type 2 (Th2) inflammation, mediated by IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, is considered the central molecular mechanism underlying asthma, and Th2 cytokines are emerging therapeutic targets. However, clinical studies increasingly suggest that asthma is heterogeneous. OBJECTIVES To determine whether this clinical heterogeneity reflects heterogeneity in underlying molecular mechanisms related to Th2 inflammation. METHODS Using microarray and polymerase chain reaction analyses of airway epithelial brushings from 42 patients with mild-to-moderate asthma and 28 healthy control subjects, we classified subjects with asthma based on high or low expression of IL-13-inducible genes. We then validated this classification and investigated its clinical implications through analyses of cytokine expression in bronchial biopsies, markers of inflammation and remodeling, responsiveness to inhaled corticosteroids, and reproducibility on repeat examination. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Gene expression analyses identified two evenly sized and distinct subgroups, "Th2-high" and "Th2-low" asthma (the latter indistinguishable from control subjects). These subgroups differed significantly in expression of IL-5 and IL-13 in bronchial biopsies and in airway hyperresponsiveness, serum IgE, blood and airway eosinophilia, subepithelial fibrosis, and airway mucin gene expression (all P < 0.03). The lung function improvements expected with inhaled corticosteroids were restricted to Th2-high asthma, and Th2 markers were reproducible on repeat evaluation. CONCLUSIONS Asthma can be divided into at least two distinct molecular phenotypes defined by degree of Th2 inflammation. Th2 cytokines are likely to be a relevant therapeutic target in only a subset of patients with asthma. Furthermore, current models do not adequately explain non-Th2-driven asthma, which represents a significant proportion of patients and responds poorly to current therapies.
Performance analysis and predictability of the software layer in dynamic binary translators/optimizers

Dynamic Binary Translators and Optimizers (DBTOs) have been established as a common architecture during the last years. They are used in many different systems, such as emulation, instrumentation tools and innovative HW/SW co-designed microarchitectures. Although many researchers worked on characterizing and reducing the emulation overhead, there are no published results that explain how the DBTO behaves from the microarchitectural prospective and how its behavior may be predicted based on high-level, guest application statistics. Such results are important for guiding design decisions and system optimization. In this paper we study the DBTO as an independent application by dividing its functionality into modules. We show that the behavior of the DBTO is not constant at all. The contribution of the different modules in the total overhead, the overhead itself, the microarchitectural interaction with the emulated application and the microarchitectural profile of the different modules changes significantly based on the emulated application. This result comes in contrast to numerous papers that consider this behavior constant and exclude the DBTO from the simulation. Throughout this paper we detail this variance, we quantify it and we explain the reasons behind it. The insights presented in this work can be exploited towards the design of more efficient DBTOs and their early performance evaluation.