Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrotreating of Sunan Candlenut (Reutealis trisperma Airy Shaw) Oil by Using NiMo-γAl2O3 as Renewable Energy

Hydrotreating process of Sunan candlenut oil by using NiMo-γAl2O3 catalyst has been successfully investigated. Preparation of NiMo-γAl2O3 catalyst by using dipping impregnation method generated catalyst used for hydrotreating process. This method consists of three stages: support activation, impregnation, and calcination. This factors influencing the process including temperature, pressure, and the ratio of Sunan candlenut oil to the H2 gas factor were examined. The hydrotreating product of fuel similar to oil was obtained at a minimum temperature of 380 °C, a pressure of 30–60 bar, and the ratio of the sample to H2 gas of 0.5–1. The diesel fuel from physical properties range for the density of 0.82–0.86 g/cm3, and kinematic viscosity of 2–6 cSt have been fulfilled by hydrotreating result. Gasoline, naphtha, diesel oil, and gas oil products of Sunan candlenut oil were obtained by distillation from hydrotreating process. Sunan candlenut oil fuel qualified fuel requirement.
Neuroprotection and antioxidants

Ischemia as a serious neurodegenerative disorder causes together with reperfusion injury many changes in nervous tissue. Most of the neuronal damage is caused by complex of biochemical reactions and substantial processes, such as protein agregation, reactions of free radicals, insufficient blood supply, glutamate excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress. The result of these processes can be apoptotic or necrotic cell death and it can lead to an irreversible damage. Therefore, neuroprotection and prevention of the neurodegeneration are highly important topics to study. There are several approaches to prevent the ischemic damage. Use of many modern therapeutical methods and the incorporation of several substances into the diet of patients is possible to stimulate the endogenous protective mechanisms and improve the life quality.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ANESTHETIC AQUI-S® 20E IN MARINE FINFISH AND ELASMOBRANCHS

Abstract Immersion anesthetics are used in hatchery settings by veterinarians, field biologists, and laboratory researchers to aid in handling finfish for medical procedures, research purposes, and moderating perceived stress responses. The only Food and Drug Administration– (FDA) approved anesthetic for food fish, tricaine methanesulfonate, requires a 21-d withdrawal period prior to harvest. Ten percent eugenol (AQUI-S® 20E) has been gaining momentum for FDA approval because of its 0-d withdrawal time if fish are not of harvestable size within 72 h of exposure. We performed two trials to determine appropriate anesthetic doses for two cultured marine finfish: Atractoscion nobilis (white seabass, WSB) and Seriola lalandi (California yellowtail, YT). Fish were held in a treated water bath for 10 min or until opercular beat rate slowed to a rate of <2 beats/min. Based on these results, we conducted a field trial with wild Paralabrax maculatofasciatus (spotted bay bass), Paralabrax nebulifer (barred sand bass), Paralichthys californicus (California halibut), Triakis semifasciata (leopard shark), and Mustelus californicus (grey smooth-hound) at a single dosing regime, with animals held 5–10 min in anesthetic baths. Anesthetic dosing of 35–55 mg L−1 provided relatively fast induction and good anesthetic maintenance in cultured and wild finfish. Anesthetic induction times were comparable among S. lalandi and A. nobilis at 35–mg L−1 to 75–mg L−1 doses, but recovery times were variable. Mortality rates of 20-90% were observed at higher doses (75 mg L−1 and 100 mg L−1, A. nobilis; 55 mg L−1 and 75 mg L−1, S. lalandi). The apparent increase in sensitivity of S. lalandi may have been associated with nutritional stress in the fish tested. There were no differences in time to anesthesia or recovery among wild finfish species tested at a single dose. Anesthetic induction, maintenance, and recovery were less predictable in the elasmobranch species tested and additional trials are needed to determine optimal dosing.
Efficient adaptive array receiver for OFDM based wireless local area networks (WLAN)

The paper considers low complexity and suboptimal frequency-domain process technology for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) adaptive array system. To reduce complexity, a novel receiver scheme is proposed which is a single beamformer in combination with channel equalization. The scheme computes a set of beamforming weight vector from the samples of a particular subcarrier, and applies the weight vector to all the subcarriers. In the frequency selective fading environment, in order to mitigate performance degradation arising from different channel fading across subcarriers, frequency domain channel estimation and equalization for the post-beamforming channel are employed at individual subcarrier. As an application case, the OFDM-based wireless local area networks (WLAN) standard IEEE 802.11a is considered. Simulation results show that the proposed method can achieve comparable performances with very low complexity.
Replication of hepatitis C virus in B lymphocytes (CD19+)

To the Editor: In recent years, the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genomic sequences (plus-strand) and replicative intermediate (minus-strand) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) has been reported. [1][1] To clarify which PBMC subpopulation is infected, and to evaluate active
Myosin and paramyosin are organized about a newly identified core structure

Myosin isoforms A and B are differentially localized to the central and polar regions, respectively, of thick filaments in body wall muscle cells of Caenorhabditis elegans (Miller, D. M. III, I. Ortiz, G. C. Berliner, and H. F. Epstein, 1983, Cell, 34:477-490). Biochemical and electron microscope studies of KCl-dissociated filaments show that the myosin isoforms occupy a surface domain, paramyosin constitutes an intermediate domain, and a newly identified core structure exists. The diameters of the thick filaments vary significantly from 33.4 nm centrally to 14.0 nm near the ends. The latter value is comparable to the 15.2 nm diameter of the core structures. The internal density of the filament core appears solid medially and hollow at the poles. The differentiation of thick filament structure into supramolecular domains possessing specific substructures of characteristic stabilities suggests a sequential mode for thick filament assembly. In this model, the two myosin isoforms have distinct roles in assembly. The behavior of the myosins, including nucleation of assembly and determination of filament length, depend upon paramyosin and the core structure as well as their intrinsic molecular properties.
Ontology-based generated learning objects for mobile language learning

Adaptivity is an essential quality for any mobile learning process. When learning on the move, in short time intervals, the learning process is often limited, and content needs to be adapted in order to keep the interactions with the user simple, effective, and motivating. This paper presents a model for mobile adaptive language learning, with the main goal of improving the mobile language learning process using adaptive techniques. The presented model is designed in such a way to utilize unique opportunities for delivery of learning content in authentic learning situations. In order to allow adaptivity based on several parameters, an ontological framework is presented along with a format of lightweight learning objects for content delivery. A cloud and web-service based system for adaptation is envisioned on top of the ontological framework and presented, with some implementation suggestions and possibilities discussed. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 174031]
homalg – A META-PACKAGE FOR HOMOLOGICAL ALGEBRA

The central notion of this work is that of a functor between categories of finitely presented modules over so-called computable rings, i.e. rings R where one can algorithmically solve inhomogeneous linear equations with coefficients in R. The paper describes a way allowing one to realize such functors, e.g. HomR, ⊗R, , , as a mathematical object in a computer algebra system. Once this is achieved, one can compose and derive functors and even iterate this process without the need of any specific knowledge of these functors. These ideas are realized in the ring independent package homalg. It is designed to extend any computer algebra software implementing the arithmetics of a computable ring R, as soon as the latter contains algorithms to solve inhomogeneous linear equations with coefficients in R. Beside explaining how this suffices, the paper describes the nature of the extensions provided by homalg.
The Cation-π Interaction in Small-Molecule Catalysis.

Catalysis by small molecules (≤1000 Da, 10(-9) m) that are capable of binding and activating substrates through attractive, noncovalent interactions has emerged as an important approach in organic and organometallic chemistry. While the canonical noncovalent interactions, including hydrogen bonding, ion pairing, and π stacking, have become mainstays of catalyst design, the cation-π interaction has been comparatively underutilized in this context since its discovery in the 1980s. However, like a hydrogen bond, the cation-π interaction exhibits a typical binding affinity of several kcal mol(-1) with substantial directionality. These properties render it attractive as a design element for the development of small-molecule catalysts, and in recent years, the catalysis community has begun to take advantage of these features, drawing inspiration from pioneering research in molecular recognition and structural biology. This Review surveys the burgeoning application of the cation-π interaction in catalysis.
Accurate modeling of multilayer packaging structures with a hybrid FDTD method

This paper presents a method of coupling a static electromagnetic field solver with the fmite-difference timedomain method for the more efficient modeling of multilayer packaging Structures. Lossy metal characteristics are fxst simulated with a dense static grid and the resulting field correction factors are then used to enhance the accuracy of a much coarser FDTD mesh.
Spoken-Language Machine Translation in Limited Domains: Can it be Achieved by Finite-State Models?

Subsequential transducers constitute a formal model for translation that may be considered perhaps too simple to model translation between natural languages. However, their capability can suffice in limited-domain translation tasks. The finitestate nature of subsequential transducers makes their integration with well-known Continuous Speech Recognition technology both easy and efficient. A recent algorithm allows the automatic learning of these transducers, given a sufficiently large set of examples of sentences and their corresponding translations, and it also allows the incorporation of syntactic restrictions of the input and/or output languages. In this paper, we describe an implementation of a Speech Translation System for limited domains which is fully trainable and capable of real time translation from speech input.
Determinants of Population Change in Regional Economies: A Study of the Colorado Front Range

Households and businesses are distributed across regional economies based on a number of factors including location-specific natural and fiscal amenities and local and regional employment conditions. Very different hypotheses are proposed in past research to explain the determinants of this spatial distribution. In particular, it is argued that households must weigh the benefits of potential amenities against the costs of employment losses, lower wages or higher housing prices. The relative strength of these two categories determines the potential for government intervention in the market. This research project analyzes this issue in the specific case of the Denver labor market area. This region has experienced large swings in economic activity over the past decade, but more recently, has been one of the fastest growing metropolitan areas in the United States. As growth occurs, the role of fiscal amenities in this process needs to be understood since governments may inhibit, promote or have no effect on regional population and employment growth.
Interactions of Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, Vaccinal Poliovirus Type 1, and Bacteriophages φX174 and MS2 with a Drinking Water Biofilm and a Wastewater Biofilm

ABSTRACT Biofilms colonizing surfaces inside drinking water distribution networks may provide a habitat and shelter to pathogenic viruses and parasites. If released from biofilms, these pathogens may disseminate in the water distribution system and cause waterborne diseases. Our study aimed to investigate the interactions of protozoan parasites (Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia [oo]cysts) and viruses (vaccinal poliovirus type 1, φX174, and MS2) with two contrasting biofilms. First, attachment, persistence, and detachment of the protozoan parasites and the viruses were assessed with a drinking water biofilm. This biofilm was allowed to develop inside a rotating annular reactor fed with tap water for 7 months prior to the inoculation. Our results show that viable parasites and infectious viruses attached to the drinking water biofilm within 1 h and persisted within the biofilm. Indeed, infectious viruses were detected in the drinking water biofilm up to 6 days after the inoculation, while viral genome and viable parasites were still detected at day 34, corresponding to the last day of the monitoring period. Since viral genome was detected much longer than infectious particles, our results raise the question of the significance of detecting viral genomes in biofilms. A transfer of viable parasites and viruses from the biofilm to the water phase was observed after the flow velocity was increased but also with a constant laminar flow rate. Similar results regarding parasite and virus attachment and detachment were obtained using a treated wastewater biofilm, suggesting that our observations might be extrapolated to a wide range of environmental biofilms and confirming that biofilms can be considered a potential secondary source of contamination.
Large-scale protein interactome mapping: strategies and opportunities

Interactions between proteins are central to any cellular process, and mapping these into a protein network is informative both for the function of individual proteins and the functional organization of the cell as a whole. Many strategies have been developed that are up to this task, and the last 10 years have seen the high-throughput application of a number of those in large-scale, sometimes proteome-wide, interactome mapping efforts. Although initially the quality of the data produced in these screening campaigns has been questioned, quality standards and empirical validation schemes are now in place to ensure high-quality data generation. Through their integration with other ‘omics’ data, interactomics datasets have proven highly valuable towards applications in different areas of clinical importance.
uORFdb—a comprehensive literature database on eukaryotic uORF biology

Approximately half of all human transcripts contain at least one upstream translational initiation site that precedes the main coding sequence (CDS) and gives rise to an upstream open reading frame (uORF). We generated uORFdb, publicly available at http://cbdm.mdc-berlin.de/tools/uorfdb, to serve as a comprehensive literature database on eukaryotic uORF biology. Upstream ORFs affect downstream translation by interfering with the unrestrained progression of ribosomes across the transcript leader sequence. Although the first uORF-related translational activity was observed >30 years ago, and an increasing number of studies link defective uORF-mediated translational control to the development of human diseases, the features that determine uORF-mediated regulation of downstream translation are not well understood. The uORFdb was manually curated from all uORF-related literature listed at the PubMed database. It categorizes individual publications by a variety of denominators including taxon, gene and type of study. Furthermore, the database can be filtered for multiple structural and functional uORF-related properties to allow convenient and targeted access to the complex field of eukaryotic uORF biology.
Anticholinergic Activity and Alzheimer's Disease

AA cascade in AD’ or ‘progression of AD by its own mechanism’. Although there are AA-inducing factors other than downregulation of ACh (e.g. drugs, febrile illness or mental stress), upregulation of ACh is possible if the ACh system is not depressed or overloaded. Thus, upregulation of the ACh system can inhibit AA even in the presence of other factors ( fig. 1 ). The appearance of AA would then suggest that the ACh system is impaired in some way or that disease other than AD is responsible for the AA. Third, downregulation of ACh in the central nervous system (CNS) causes upregulation of inflammation in the CNS and other organ systems. It is, therefore, conceivable that AD, a disease of the CNS, and diabetes mellitus, a disease that affects the peripheral nervous system, have some aspects of pathogenesis in common. Moreover, downregulation of the ACh system seems to be responsible for the simultaneous appearance of AA in the CNS and other organ systems. A correlation between AA in both systems can be explained, then, not only by the permeability of AA through the blood-brain barrier, but also by this simultaneous appearance of AA in both systems. Dr. Tomioka, MD, PhD, Dr. Hachisu, PhD, and Dr. Hori, MD, PhD, conceived the contents of this special issue. We are extremely grateful to all authors for their As members of the Showa University Dementia Study Group (Wade Study Group), we greatly appreciate the opportunities we have to write about the relationship between anticholinergic activity (AA) and neuropsychiatric disorders, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in particular. In this special issue, we review our previous articles concerning the endogenous hypothesis of AA in AD that we originally proposed and here extend the hypothesis to various neurocognitive disorders such as Lewy body disease (LBD), delirium and neuropsychiatric disorders including depression and schizophrenia. In this issue, we emphasize the following 3 points with regard to our hypothesis. First, AA not only depresses the acetylcholine (ACh) system through antagonization of ACh receptors, but also accelerates the accumulation of insoluble amyloids in the brain. The resulting dysfunction of the ACh system is not always reversible. Second, downregulation of ACh can also induce AA by way of inflammation. Therefore, the relationships between AA and this dysfunction of the ACh system are bidirectional. Given that downregulation of the ACh system is an essential feature of AD, we consider that endogenous AA accelerates AD pathology. We refer to these bidirectional effects of AA and downregulation of ACh as either the ‘hypothesis of endogenous AA in AD’, ‘the endogenous Published online: June 30, 2015
Assessment of Hepatic Function with Gd-EOB-DTPA-Enhanced Hepatic MRI

Assessment of hepatic function is essential in determining the prognosis and clinical management of a patient who has chronic liver disease or undergoes liver surgery. For a patient with locally varying hepatic parenchymal abnormalities, a regional assessment of hepatic function mapped onto hepatic anatomy is clinically more meaningful than conventional global metrics of hepatic function. Of late, hepatic magnetic resonance imaging has been increasingly used because of its superb tissue contrast and delineation of hepatic morphology and underlying abnormalities. The introduction of hepatocyte-specific contrast agents such as Gd-EOB-DTPA allows us to view not only the hepatic anatomy but also assess regional hepatic function. In this article, we review and discuss recently published studies that used Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate hepatic function.
Influence of Silane Treatment of All-Ceramic Surfaces (e-Max) on the Cementation with Tooth Dentine

The influence of the treatment of the surface of IPS Empress II (e-max) glass-ceramic dental material with different silane agents on the surface roughness of this glass-ceramic was evaluated. IPS Empress II (e-max) cores were treated with five different commercial silane agents used in dentistry nowadays, for several periods of time and were finally air dried. After silanization, the surfaces of the glass-ceramic cores were observed with a light profilometer, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and an atomic force microscope (AFM). The values of surface roughness (Ra) were also measured with the light profilometer. The results showed an important effect of silane treatment applied for different periods of time, especially for prolonged treatment for 24 hours, on the surface roughness of IPS Empress II (e-max). These results can have an important impact on the deep understanding of the cementation protocols applied in modern dentistry.
Prosthetic Dentistry

This chapter relates to unit DN20`Provide chairside support during prosthetic dental treatment'. It covers the three elements:. DN20.1 `Prepare patients, environments, equipment and materials for prosthetic dental treatment'. DN20.2 `Facilitate the preparation and fitting of fixed prostheses'. DN20.3 `Support the oral healthcare team in the design, construction and fitting of removable prostheses' The equipment, materials and methods, laboratory role, dental nurse support and oral health information is given for the following fixed prostheses: .
Basal cells as stem cells of the mouse trachea and human airway epithelium

The pseudostratified epithelium of the mouse trachea and human airways contains a population of basal cells expressing Trp-63 (p63) and cytokeratins 5 (Krt5) and Krt14. Using a KRT5-CreERT2 transgenic mouse line for lineage tracing, we show that basal cells generate differentiated cells during postnatal growth and in the adult during both steady state and epithelial repair. We have fractionated mouse basal cells by FACS and identified 627 genes preferentially expressed in a basal subpopulation vs. non-BCs. Analysis reveals potential mechanisms regulating basal cells and allows comparison with other epithelial stem cells. To study basal cell behaviors, we describe a simple in vitro clonal sphere-forming assay in which mouse basal cells self-renew and generate luminal cells, including differentiated ciliated cells, in the absence of stroma. The transcriptional profile identified 2 cell-surface markers, ITGA6 and NGFR, which can be used in combination to purify human lung basal cells by FACS. Like those from the mouse trachea, human airway basal cells both self-renew and generate luminal daughters in the sphere-forming assay.