Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is handwriting causally related to learning to write? Treatment of handwriting problems in beginning writers

The contribution of handwriting to learning to write was examined in an experimental training study involving beginning writers with and without an identified disability. First-grade children experiencing handwriting and writing difficulties participated in 27 fifteen-min sessions designed to improve the accuracy and fluency of their handwriting. In comparison to their peers in a contact control condition receiving instruction in phonological awareness, students in the handwriting condition made greater gains in handwriting as well as compositional fluency immediately following instruction and 6 months later. The effects of instruction were similar for students with and without an identified disability. These findings indicate that handwriting is causally related to writing and that explicit and supplemental handwriting instruction is an important element in preventing writing difficulties in the primary grades.
INTERFERENCE EFFECTS OF POSSIBLE-WORD CONSTRAINTS (PWC) IN CANTONESE SPEECH SEGMENTATION

As reported in Yip (2004), the Possible-Word Constraint (PWC), a mechanism proposed by Norris, McQueen, Cutler, and Butterfield (1997), could effectively operate in Cantonese speech segmentation. In this study, a word-spotting experiment was conducted to further examine how the mechanism works in segmenting Cantonese speech. In the word-spotting experiment, listeners were asked to spot out the target Cantonese word from a series of nonsense sound strings. In general, results suggested that listeners found it more difficult to spot out the target Cantonese word [po:k3si:6] from the nonsense sound strings, which attached or embedded with a single consonant context [npo:k3si:6], than from the nonsense sound strings, which attached or embedded with either a vowel context [a:1po:k3si:6] or a pseudo-syllable context [khi:m1po:k3si:6]. Different locations of the context (initial; intermediate; final) produced different degrees of interference effects. Together with my previous findings, the present results further supported that the PWC appears to be a useful mechanism in segmenting Cantonese speech.
A Capped Trimming Hard-Mask Patterning Technique for Integration of Nano-Devices and Conventional Integrated Circuits

Capped trimming hard-mask (CTHM) patterning technique has been developed based on standard materials and processing equipments. By using the CTHM technique, sub-50nm feature sized pattern can be realized based on 0. 5μm lithography technology. Imaging layer for capping and hard-mask layer shoul d have different etching selectivity and good contiguity to each other. Good control of trimming etching and hard-mask etching processes enable patterning of features with ultra-small dimension.
Crucial Ignored Parameters on Nanotoxicology: The Importance of Toxicity Assay Modifications and “Cell Vision”

Until now, the results of nanotoxicology research have shown that the interactions between nanoparticles (NPs) and cells are remarkably complex. In order to get a deep understanding of the NP-cell interactions, scientists have focused on the physicochemical effects. However, there are still considerable debates about the regulation of nanomaterials and the reported results are usually in contradictions. Here, we are going to introduce the potential key reasons for these conflicts. In this case, modification of conventional in vitro toxicity assays, is one of the crucial ignored matter in nanotoxicological sciences. More specifically, the conventional methods neglect important factors such as the sedimentation of NPs and absorption of proteins and other essential biomolecules onto the surface of NPs. Another ignored matter in nanotoxicological sciences is the effect of cell “vision” (i.e., cell type). In order to show the effects of these ignored subjects, we probed the effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs), with various surface chemistries, on various cell lines. We found thatthe modification of conventional toxicity assays and the consideration of the “cell vision” concept are crucial matters to obtain reliable, and reproducible nanotoxicology data. These new concepts offer a suitable way to obtain a deep understanding on the cell-NP interactions. In addition, by consideration of these ignored factors, the conflict of future toxicological reports would be significantly decreased.
Limited Ability of Antigen-Specific Th1 Responses to Inhibit Th2 Cell Development In Vivo1

Th1 and Th2 cells mutually antagonize each other’s differentiation. Consequently, allergen-specific Th1 cells are believed to be able to suppress the development of Th2 cells and to prevent the development of atopic disorders. To determine whether a pre-existing Ag-specific Th1 response can affect the development of Th2 cells in vivo, we used an immunization model of Ag-pulsed murine dendritic cell (DC) transfer to induce distinct Th responses. When transferred into naive mice, Ag-pulsed CD8α+ DCs induced a Th1 response and the production of IgG2a, whereas CD8α− DCs primed a Th2 response and the production of IgE. In the presence of a pre-existing Ag-specific Th2 environment due to Ag-pulsed CD8α− DC transfer, CD8α+ DCs failed to prime Th1 cells. In contrast, CD8α− DCs could prime a Th2 response in the presence of a pre-existing Ag-specific Th1 environment. Moreover, exogenous IL-4 abolished the Th1-inducing potential of CD8α+ DCs in vitro, but the addition of IFN-γ did not effectively inhibit the potential of CD8α− DCs to prime IL-4-producing cells. Thus, Th1 and Th2 cells differ in their potential to inhibit the development of the other. This suggests that the early induction of allergen-specific Th1 cells before allergy sensitization will not prevent the development of atopic disorders.
The Child's Attitude Towards Religion: A Review of Research

Summary Rosen (1965) argues that the study of the child's attitude towards religion is ‘possibly one of the least researched areas in contemporary American life’. The more recent studies by Bealer and Willetts (1967), Friend (1971) and Hepburn (1971), as well as the comprehensive review assembled by Strommen (1971), confirm that this remains the case. In England some interesting research findings have been produced in this area, but these findings have tended to remain scattered. The present paper proposes to organize the scattered research into two sections. The first section is concerned with the place that religious education holds in the child's estimation in comparison with other school subjects. The second section is concerned with the wider issue of the factors associated with the child's attitude towards religion.
Initial ‘TTP Map-Defect’ of Computed Tomography Perfusion as a Predictor of Hemorrhagic Transformation of Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background: Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) following acute ischemic stroke is a major problem, especially for the indication of reperfusion therapy including intravenous administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV rt-PA). The specific predictive factors of HT have not yet been established. The present study evaluated the findings of computed tomography perfusion (CTP) images as predictors of subsequent HT to identify patients with low HT risk for reperfusion therapy such as IV rt-PA. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 68 consecutive stroke patients (41 males; mean age 72.9 years) with steno-occlusive lesions in the major trunk, including 10 patients who underwent IV rt-PA. Each HT was detected on a follow-up T2*-weighted magnetic resonance image until 2 weeks after stroke onset and categorized into four groups [hemorrhagic infarction (HI) type 1 and 2, and parenchymal hematoma (PH) type 1 and 2] according to the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS) classification. We assessed clinical features and radiological findings between the HT and non-HT groups or the PH2 and non-PH2 groups. The efficacy of initial time to peak (TTP) mapping of CTP for predicting HT or PH2 was evaluated. Results: Thirty-four patients (50%) developed subsequent HT: 18 (52.9%) had HI and 16 (47.1%) had PH, including 9 PH2 patients (13.2%). IV rt-PA was not significantly associated with HT or PH2 occurrence. Forty of the 68 patients (59%) revealed defect areas on the initial TTP mapping (TTP map-defect), and 34 of these 40 patients (85%) developed secondary HT and 9 patients (22.5%) developed PH2. Initial ‘TTP map-defect’ was significantly associated with the occurrence of HT (p < 0.0001) and PH2 (p = 0.0070). Thirty of the 34 patients (88.2%) in the HT group experienced delayed recanalization of the occluded vessels, in contrast to only 8 of the 34 patients (23.6%) in the non-HT group. All patients of the PH2 group showed recanalization (p = 0.0042). In 40 ‘TTP map-defect’-positive patients, delayed recanalization was associated with the occurrence of HT (p < 0.0001) and PH2 (p = 0.0491). All 28 patients without ‘TTP map-defect’ did not develop HT, including 8 patients (28.6%) with delayed recanalization. Conclusions: Initial ‘TTP map-defect’ of CTP could accurately predict HT risk including PH2 risk and identify low-risk patients even in the delayed period.
A self-tuning exact solution and the non-existence of horizons in 5d gravity-scalar system

We present an exact thick domain wall solution with naked singularities to five-dimensional gravity coupled with a scalar field with exponential potential. In our solution we found exactly the special coefficient of the exponent as coming from compactification of string theory with cosmological constant. We show that this solution is self-tuning when a 3-brane is included. In searching for a solution with horizon we found a similar exact solution with fine-tuned exponent coefficient with an integration constant. Failing to find a solution with horizon we prove the nonexistence of horizons. These naked singularities actually cannot be resolved by horizon. We also comment on the physical relevance of this solution.
Terrain Classification with Markov Random Fields on fused Camera and 3D Laser Range Data

In this paper we consider the problem of interpreting the data of a 3D laser range finder. The surrounding terrain is segmented into a 2D grid where each cell can be an obstacle or negotiable region. A Markov random field models the relationships between neighboring terrain cells and classifies the whole surrounding terrain. This allows us to add context sensitive information to the grid cells where sensor noise or uncertainties could lead to false classification. Camera images provide a perfect complement to the laser range data because they add color and texture features to the point cloud. Therefore camera images are fused with the 3D points and the features from both sensors are considered for classification. We present a novel approach for online terrain classification from fused camera and laser range data by applying a Markov random field. In our experiments we achieved a recall ratio of about 90% for detecting streets and obstacles and prove that our approach is fast enough to be used on an autonomous mobile robot in real time.
Clinical, radiologic, and genetic features of Korean patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA

Purpose Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (MPS IVA; Morquio A syndrome) is rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (GALNS) deficiency. Only a few MPS IVA cases have been reported in the Korean literature; there is a paucity of research about clinical or radiologic findings for this disorder. Therefore, we studied clinical findings, radiological features, and genetic data of Korean MPS IVA patients for determining factors that may allow early diagnosis and that may thus improve the patients' quality of life. Method MPS IVA was confirmed via assay for enzymatic activity of leukocytes in 10 patients. The GALNS gene was analyzed. Patients' charts were retrospectively reviewed for obtaining clinical features and evaluated for radiological skeletal surveys, echocardiography, pulmonary function test, and ophthalmologic test results. Result Nine patients had severe clinical phenotype, and 1 had an intermediate phenotype, on the basis of clinical phenotype criteria. Radiologic findings indicated skeletal abnormalities in all patients, especially in the hips and extremities. Eight patients had an odontoid hypoplasia, and 1 showed mild atlantoaxial subluxation and cord myelopathy. Genetic analysis indicated 10 different GALNS mutations. Two mutations, c.451C>A and c.1000C>T, account for 37.5% (6/16) and 25% (4/16) of all mutations in this samples, respectively. Conclusion An understanding of the clinical and radiological features involved in MPS IVA may allow early diagnosis of MPS IVA. Adequate evaluations and therapy in the early stages may improve the quality of life of patients suffering from skeletal abnormalities and may reduce life-threatening effects of atlantoaxial subluxation.
Classical simulations of noisy commuting quantum computations

As research on building a scalable quantum computer is advancing, it is important to be able to check such a device’s correctness. One way to achieve verification is through classical simulations. Due to their exponential complexity, we can only perform smaller computations and then extrapolate results to the domain of quantum supremacy. In this project we extend the usual perfect simulations by also considering the architectural constraints and noise of a particular physical implementation. We aim to provide a general framework for constructing such experimentally realistic simulations. Two particular problems are described in order to exemplify how the more general methodology can be applied to specific scenarios. In our concrete examples we focus on fully commuting Instantaneous Quantum Polynomial-time (IQP) algorithms executed on the NQIT Q20:20 machine. The first example estimates the partition functions of random 2D complex-temperature Ising models in the circuit model of computation. The second example solves instances of IQP X-programs using measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC). We observe significantly different behaviour between the two in regards to their responses to noise.
Effects of body position and time after feeding on gastric residuals in LBW infants.

PURPOSE To examine the effects of body position and time after feeding on gastric residuals in low birth weight infants(LBW). METHODS A repeated measures design was conducted. Twenty LBW infants being fed via indwelling nasogastric tubes were randomly assigned to one of 5 different position orderings. In each position, gastric residuals were measured at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes after feeding. RESULTS In comparisons of gastric residuals with position and time, the main effects of position and time were statistically significant (F = 5.038, p = 0.001; F = 429.763, p < 0.001, respectively), but the interaction between position and time was found not to be significant. In pairwise comparisons, the gastric residuals were more reduced in the right anterior oblique and prone positions compared with the left lateral position (p < 0.05) and the differences across time periods were significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The body position after feeding has a significant affect on gastric residuals over time in LBW infants. The right anterior oblique or prone position is recommended rather than left lateral position after feeding. Knowledge of the proper position and the pattern of gastric emptying over time after feeding may lead to the development of evidence-based nursing care.
STUDY ON PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT

MIUR enacted last year the new Guidelines of Physical Education and Sport to improve the sport activit y into the school through the sport school associatio n and gives, for this aim, only 33% of amount of economical resources that, in the past years, alloc ated for extra activity of physical education and s port. From a case study to compare data between 2 years of a sample of 10 schools of Naples, 6 schools decreased sports activity, 4 schools increased litt le bit and only 1 increased because had added own economical resource. Furthermore this one also deli berated a school sport association in collaboration to sport association as suggests new Guidelines. The a im of this study is to know which process the schoo l adopted. Method is case study to describe the proce ss and steps. All 10 schools confirm the past sport activities in different forms with several percenta ges among the schools are very good in consideratio n of the bad actual context of public school. But the si gnificant decrease of number of students, which are generally distributed in every school, must do a re flection on general situation of high sport left. T he 7 schools utilized only the economical ministerial re source and only 2 schools utilized economical minis terial resources is the demonstration of low culture in ph ysical education and sport into school. Furthermore , the low additional own economical resources is relevant to demonstrate the gravity of situation. The datum of only 1 school added own economical resource in congruent amount means that just the 10% of schools understand the spirit of change according to the new Guideline s of Physical Education and Sport. The study sugges ts to start an investigation on public sport education se rvice offered by school and by sport association an d to establish a specific committee to research on this phenomenon to carry out the data to know every aspect of it.
[The surgical treatment of chronic otitis media].

Ce travail decrit les resultats du traitement de l'otite moyenne chronique par une attico-antrotomie avec conservation de la paroi posterieure osseuse du conduit et du pont, au curetage de la caisse par voie sous-tympanale et avec comblement de la cavite mastoidienne par un greffon adipeux autogene. Ces resultats sont compares a ceux que nous avons obtenus avec la tympanoplastie et l'evidement. Des 108 oreilles qui ont subi une attico-antrotomie, 82 sont gueries; par contre, des 58 oreilles qui ont subi une tympanoplastie ou un evidement, 22 seulement sont seches.
Crossmodal Integration: an Emerging Field in Psychopathology towards a Crossmodal Exploration of Cognitive Deficits in Psychopathology

In our daily life, we are constantly immerged in a stream of stimulations coming from different sensorial modalities, and these stimulations have to be integrated in a coherent and unitary percept (Campanella & Belin, 2007). This integration ability, which offers ψ %HOJLFD 3V\FKRORJLFD Face-voice integration has been extensively explored among healthy participants during the last decades. Nevertheless, while binding alterations constitute a core feature of many psychiatric diseases and have been thoroughly investigated in schizophrenia and autism, these crossmodal processes have been little explored in other psychiatric populations, and notably in addictions. As an illustration, alcohol-dependence is associated with a wide range of psychological, cognitive and cerebral consequences, among which affective disturbances hold a crucial position. Indeed, it has been shown during the last decade that alcohol-dependent individuals present important emotional impairments, particularly in the decoding of affective faces and voices. In view of the role they play in the development and maintenance of alcohol-dependence, it appears crucial to deepen the understanding of these deficits, and notably to determine their evolution in more ecological settings. Indeed, these decoding deficits have up to now been exclusively explored in unimodal studies (i.e. focusing on one sensorial modality) while in real life situations, emotional stimulations are most often multimodal. The central objective of the present paper is thus to present recent studies using an integrative approach combining behavioural, electrophysiological and neuroimaging techniques to explore the audiovisual integration of emotional stimuli in alcohol-dependence. These results, clearly showing that alcohol-dependence leads to altered crossmodal processing of affective faces and voices, constitute a first step towards a multidisciplinary exploration of crossmodal processing in psychiatry, extending to other stimulations, sensorial modalities and populations. Finally, the fundamental and clinical implications of this research perspective will also be underlined. Maurage and Campanella: Towards a Crossmodal Exploration of Cognitive Deficits in Psychopathology 283 us the opportunity to understand our social and perceptual environment and to produce adapted behavioural responses, relies on crossmodal processing (Driver & Spence, 2000). For instance, we are able to integrate the auditory information of what is said and the visual information of who is saying it, so that we can attribute a particular speech to a particular person (Kerlin et al., 2010) and thus take part in a conversation. In view of the obvious importance of these crossmodal processes, many studies have investigated their behavioural and cerebral correlates among healthy participants, notably leading to the identification …
Ion Exchangers NHX1 and NHX2 Mediate Active Potassium Uptake into Vacuoles to Regulate Cell Turgor and Stomatal Function in Arabidopsis[W][OA]

Intracellular Na+,K+/H+ antiporters (NHXs) play central roles in maintaining ion homeostasis and pH control. Tonoplast-localized proteins NHX1 and NHX2 are critical for active K+ uptake into the vacuole, a process that is required to create osmotic potential for cell expansion and turgor regulation. These proteins are abundantly expressed in guard cells, where they contribute to stomata function. Intracellular NHX proteins are Na+,K+/H+ antiporters involved in K+ homeostasis, endosomal pH regulation, and salt tolerance. Proteins NHX1 and NHX2 are the two major tonoplast-localized NHX isoforms. Here, we show that NHX1 and NHX2 have similar expression patterns and identical biochemical activity, and together they account for a significant amount of the Na+,K+/H+ antiport activity in tonoplast vesicles. Reverse genetics showed functional redundancy of NHX1 and NHX2 genes. Growth of the double mutant nhx1 nhx2 was severely impaired, and plants were extremely sensitive to external K+. By contrast, nhx1 nhx2 mutants showed similar sensitivity to salinity stress and even greater rates of Na+ sequestration than the wild type. Double mutants had reduced ability to create the vacuolar K+ pool, which in turn provoked greater K+ retention in the cytosol, impaired osmoregulation, and compromised turgor generation for cell expansion. Genes NHX1 and NHX2 were highly expressed in guard cells, and stomatal function was defective in mutant plants, further compromising their ability to regulate water relations. Together, these results show that tonoplast-localized NHX proteins are essential for active K+ uptake at the tonoplast, for turgor regulation, and for stomatal function.
$\hbox{MAWA}^{\ast}$—A Memory-Bounded Anytime Heuristic-Search Algorithm

This paper presents a heuristic-search algorithm called Memory-bounded Anytime Window A*(MAWA*), which is complete, anytime, and memory bounded. MAWA* uses the window-bounded anytime-search methodology of AWA* as the basic framework and combines it with the memory-bounded A* -like approach to handle restricted memory situations. Simple and efficient versions of MAWA* targeted for tree search have also been presented. Experimental results of the sliding-tile puzzle problem and the traveling-salesman problem show the significant advantages of the proposed algorithm over existing methods.