Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leukocyte cytoskeletal structure determines capillary plugging and network resistance.

Leukocyte plugging in capillaries may play an important role in microvascular hemodynamics under pathological conditions that result in leukocyte activation. Previous studies have quantified the effects of transient capillary plugging on microvascular resistance for control and activated leukocytes, but have not focused on the intracellular mechanisms responsible. The frequency and duration of leukocyte-capillary plugging were measured throughout capillary networks in spinotrapezius muscle of anesthetized rats under normal physiological conditions and after leukocyte activation coupled with cytoskeletal F-actin depolymerization, using superfusion with 10(-7) M N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and 0.3 microM cytochalasin D (CD). These data were used to estimate the increase in microvascular flow resistance due to leukocyte plugging. The increase was 1.1% in control and 0.7% in the activated FMLP-CD state and was not significantly different. CD abolished the previously reported 16% resistance increase caused by FMLP activation [Harris and Skalak, Am. J. Physiol. 264 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 31): H909-H916, 1993. ], suggesting that leukocyte plugging in capillaries is primarily determined by leukocyte cytoplasmic viscosity and is not significantly affected by cell adhesion. Thus F-actin-mediated cytoskeletal reorganization during leukocyte activation has significant impact on microvascular resistance.
Technological Entrepreneurship : Modeling and Forecasting the Diffusion of Innovation in LCD Monitor Industry

Following the optoelectronics industry is the development of the semiconductor industry strongly after the high-tech industry, a “two trillion, two star” one of the focal points. Recent years, the government putting in a lot of painstaking effort in Taiwan, let us LCD industry have brisk results, therefore, the LCD industry have the first place in the global market share. The wealth of research into modelling and forecasting the diffusion of innovations is impressive and confirms its continuing importance as a research topic. One of the earliest and most widely used models describing the diffusion of innovation is that of Bass (1969, 2004). This study will build Bass Models and KK models based on Bass (1969) and Kumar and Krishna (2002), application methods of Nonlinear least squares (NLS) for LCD TV market to estimate diffusion parameters in the multinational models, which by KK Models into a multinational parameters effect, this study expect to find these parameter between multinational influence. Further to compare Bass Models and KK models explained in the multinational market for consumers to buy a new product of differences, and the impact on the multinational market based on the rise of the Internet to help enterprises develop more effective marketing strategies. KeywordsInnovation Diffusion Model, Bass Model, KK Model, Multinational Diffusion Model, LCD Industry.
Invisible practices; innovative outcomes: intrapreneurship within the academy

Across the world, higher education is facing new challenges as governments cut subsidies, new technologies enable ‘massively open’ online courses, students are accessed from global locations, and the centuries-old mission of universities is commercialised. In spite of these profound changes, most institutions of higher education have remained unaltered in terms of how they are structured and governed. Similarly, the consequent commodification of knowledge has not been challenged in general even though the lack of the deep knowledge that underpins competent professional practice is periodically lamented. This paper outlines an experiment in an alternative form of academic programme management; one which is perhaps more appropriate in current times. It describes an initiative at an Australian university where an action-research approach is being used to engage the full spectrum of stakeholders in the governance and execution of the strategic intent of a particular ‘flagship’ postgraduate programme. In this way, it demonstrates how knowing (knowledge manifesting in practice) is achieved through a form of praxis that continuously refines, through interactive ‘creatively abrasive’ forums, the enactment of mission-pertinent practices. However, as an initiative that threatens the political status quo within the university, much of the action, until recently, has had to be conducted ‘invisibly’.
Exploiting the closest productive area: geographical segregation of foraging grounds in a critically endangered seabird

While breeding, seabirds are limited to exploiting resources within a restricted area around their breeding site and should exploit the closest productive marine areas within their distri- bution range. We investigated this hypothesis in one of the most endangered European seabirds, the Balearic shearwater Puffinus mauretanicus (ca. 3200 breeding pairs), restricted to the Balearic Islands. Our aims were (1) to assess whether isotopic evidence (i.e. stable isotopes of � 13 C and � 15 N) of foraging habitat partitioning occurs among northern, central and southern populations, (2) to geo- graphically locate population-specific potential foraging grounds along the Iberian continental shelf, and (3) to assess whether oceanographic conditions could explain observed patterns of stable iso- topes (SI). SI values showed a latitudinal gradient, with birds from the northern population having lower � 15 N and � 13 C values than central and southern populations. Potential foraging grounds of northern, central and southern populations were centred in Cape Creus, Ebro Delta and Cape La Nao, respectively, results which were supported by habitat models. Oceanographic conditions in each potential foraging ground were different; the northern population used richer, colder and deeper waters compared to the central and southern populations. Chlorophyll a was the main oceanographic variable that explained variation in SI values. We hypothesised that SI differences among Balearic shearwater populations might be a consequence of differences in baseline isotopic values among potential foraging grounds rather than real differences in diet. Our comprehensive study also provides important information for management strategies to conserve this critically endangered shearwater.
Feature Induction of Linear-chain Conditional Random Fields - A Study based on a Simulation

Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) is a probabilistic framework for labeling sequential data. Several approaches were developed to automatically induce features for CRFs. They have been successfully applied in real-world applications, e.g. in natural language processing. The work described in this paper was originally motivated by processing the sequence data of table soccer games. As labeling such data is very time consuming, we developed a sequence generator (simulation), which creates an extra phase to explore several basic issues of the feature induction of linear-chain CRFs. First, we generated data sets with different configurations of overlapped and conjunct atomic features, and discussed how these factors affect the induction. Then, a reduction step was integrated into the induction which maintained the prediction accuracy and saved the computational power. Finally, we developed an approach which consists of a queue of CRFs. The experiments show that the CRF queue achieves better results on the data sets in all the configurations.
Variety and frequency scales of antisocial involvement: Which one is better?

Purpose. The aim of this study was to examine whether a scale including frequency scores of antisocial behaviour is a more sensitive and better measure of antisocial involvement than a variety scale. Methods. Data from a representative sample of 1,292 Norwegian students aged 13 and 14 years was used to compare a 17-item variety scale with two versions of a frequency scale covering the same 17 items. Internal consistency of the scales, stability coefficients (for 1-year and 2-year intervals), and associations with conceptually related variables (e.g. aggression, opposition, alcohol consumption) were examined. Results. Results indicated that using a scale including the (raw) frequencies of antisocial acts committed instead of a variety scale would result in reduced internal consistency, lower stability over time, smaller group differences and weaker associations with conceptually related variables. Similarly, in regression analyses the (raw) frequency scale contributed little to the explained variance in conceptually related variables over and beyond that contributed by the variety scale. Conclusions. Although the results for a log-transformed frequency scale were about as good as for the variety scale, both practical, methodological, and to some extent, conceptual considerations argued against replacing the variety scale with the transformed frequency scale. However, there may be some minor benefits from using an appropriately transformed frequency scale as a supplement to a variety scale, and there are also situations where inclusion of frequency scores in antisocial scales may be essential.
Characterization of primary culture of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) skin explants: Growth, cell composition, proliferation, and apoptosis

SummaryA trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) epidermal skin primary explant system was evaluated over 8 d by light and electron microscopy. Three distinct regions of the explant outgrowth were identified on the basis of cell composition. The area immediately adjacent to the founder tissue contained mainly small migrating cells and mucous cells. Of the former, about 20% were mitotic and 6% apoptotic. The middle area was characterized by differentiated pavement cells and mucous cells, with fewer small migrating cells. Proliferation was approximately 30% and apoptosis 5%. Over time, total cell numbers halved as more pavement cells differentiated. The growing front contained many mucous and small migrating cells initially, with few pavement cells. About 50% of the cells were in the proliferative phase, and 5% were apoptotic. Later, there were fewer migrating and mucous cells, with a higher number of pavement cells. About 9% of the cells were apoptotic, and 70% of the cells were proliferating. As in vivo, pavement cells had apical microridges, although they were vacuolated and contained phagocytosed apoptotic bodies. The data and observations are based on the numbers of cell cultures prepared from separate trout giving the sample size n=7. As this culture system is reproducible and closely approximates the epidermis of trout, it is a powerful tool to study the effects of pollutants, parasites, and endocrine factors on fish skin, eliminating whole-animal factors and reducing the number of experimental animals required.
Operational duality between Gelfand-Pinsker and Wyner-Ziv coding

We explore the duality between the Gelfand-Pinsker problem of channel coding with side information at the transmitter and the Wyner-Ziv problem of lossy compression with side information at the decompressor in the operational sense: whether a capacity-achieving encoder-decoder sequence achieves the rate distortion function of the dual problem when the channel decoder (resp. encoder) is the source compressor (resp. decompressor). We show that there exist capacity-achieving channel coding schemes that also achieve the rate-distortion function for the dual problem. However, this duality does not hold for every capacity-achieving channel coding scheme. In particular, we show that the original capacity-achieving encoder-decoder scheme of Gelfand-Pinsker operates far from the Wyner-Ziv rate-distortion function.
Effectiveness of Mosquito Traps in Measuring Species Abundance and Composition

Abstract Mosquito species abundance and composition estimates provided by trapping devices are commonly used to guide control efforts, but knowledge of trap biases is necessary for accurately interpreting results. We tested the hypothesis that commercially available traps (Mosquito Magnet–Pro, the Mosquito Magnet–X) would be significant improvements over the CDC Miniature Light Trap with respect to abundance, species diversity, and measures of recruitment in a wooded area of the Bronx Zoo in New York City, NY. The Mosquito Magnet–Pro collected significantly more mosquitoes (n = 1,117; mean per night, 124 ± 28.3) than the CDC Miniature Light Trap (n = 167; mean per night, 19 ± 5.5). The Simpson’s diversity index was greatest for the Mosquito Magnet–Pro. A CDC light trap from a simultaneous surveillance project was located 15 m away and used as a control trap to test for significant differences in mosquito counts on nights with or without the experimental traps. There were no significant differences between nights, indicating the test traps did not recruit beyond 15 m. The traps differed significantly in abundance, but they had similarly limited sampling areas. Measured differences in abundance were independent of differences in diversity. This study highlights how differences between traps might affect species abundance and composition estimates.
COMPUTER ASSISTED SPEECH TRANSCRIPTION SYSTEM FOR EFFICIENT SPEECH ARCHIVE

This paper addresses computer assisted speech transcription (CAST) system for making archives such as meeting minutes and lecture notes. For such system, automatic speech recognition (ASR) is promising, but ASR errors are inevitable. Therefore, it is significant to design a good interface with which we can correct errors easily. Moreover, to make a better system, we should know what kind of recognition error is significant and how much accuracy of ASR we need in correcting errors. From these points of view, we design a CAST system with several correction interfaces; 1) pointing device for selection from confusion pairs, 2) microphone for re-speaking, and 3) keyboard. With some subject experiments, we confirmed that the system could reduce a transcription time by about half at the best case. We also found that 75% or more ASR accuracy should be achieved for users to feel ASR system is convenience in correction task.
Reforming "Woman's True Profession": A Case for "Feminist Pedagogy" in Teacher Education?

In this article, Susan Laird makes the powerful argument that reform efforts which do not examine their own rationalistic underpinnings perpetuate philosophical and practical dilemmas for the education of teachers. She critiques the ahistorical and so-called gender-neutral proposals of such groups as the Carnegie Forum's Task Force on Teaching and the Holmes Group, which neither acknowledge nor examine critically the traditional conception of schoolteaching as "woman's true profession. " Her own analysis of the contradictory and ambiguous theses signified in the slogan "woman's true profession" lays the foundation for "taking women students seriously" and for reconceptualizing teaching itself. Laird goes beyond a critique to challenge those concerned with transforming teacher education to consider both the difficulties and the promise of feminist pedagogy for "educating — not simply training — schoolteachers. "
Chemically distinct transition states govern rapid dissociation of single L-selectin bonds under force

Carbohydrate–protein bonds interrupt the rapid flow of leukocytes in the circulation by initiation of rolling and tethering at vessel walls. The cell surface carbohydrate ligands are glycosylated proteins like the mucin P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), which bind ubiquitously to the family of E-, P-, and L-selectin proteins in membranes of leukocytes and endothelium. The current view is that carbohydrate–selectin bonds dissociate a few times per second, and the unbinding rate increases weakly with force. However, such studies have provided little insight into how numerous hydrogen bonds, a Ca2+ metal ion bond, and other interactions contribute to the mechanical strength of these attachments. Decorating a force probe with very dilute ligands and controlling touch to achieve rare single-bond events, we have varied the unbinding rates of carbohydrate–selectin bonds by detachment with ramps of force/time from 10 to 100,000 pN/sec. Testing PSGL-1, its outer 19 aa (19FT), and sialyl LewisX (sLeX) against L-selectin in vitro on glass microspheres and in situ on neutrophils, we found that the unbinding rates followed the same dependence on force and increased by nearly 1,000-fold as rupture forces rose from a few to ≈200 pN. Plotted on a logarithmic scale of loading rate, the rupture forces reveal two prominent energy barriers along the unbinding pathway. Strengths above 75 pN arise from rapid detachment (<0.01 sec) impeded by an inner barrier that requires a Ca2+ bond between a single sLeX and the lectin domain. Strengths below 75 pN occur under slow detachment (>0.01 sec) impeded by the outer barrier, which appears to involve an array of weak (putatively hydrogen) bonds.
Mechanism of relapse in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Relapse following initial chemotherapy remains a barrier to survival in approximately 20% of children suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Recently, to investigate the mechanism of relapse, we analysed clonal populations in 27 pairs of matched diagnosis and relapse ALL samples using PCR-based detection of multiple antigen receptor gene rearrangements. These clonal markers revealed the emergence of apparently new populations at relapse in 13 patients. In those cases where the new ‘relapse clone’ could be detected in the diagnosis population, there was a close correlation between length of first remission and quantity of the relapse clone in the diagnosis sample. A shorter length of time to first relapse correlated with a higher quantity of the relapsing clone at diagnosis. This observation, together with demonstrated differential chemosensitivity between sub-clones at diagnosis, indicates that relapse in ALL patients may commonly involve selection of a minor intrinsically resistant sub-clone that is undetectable by routine PCR-based methods. From a clinical perspective, relapse prediction may be improved with strategies to detect minor potentially resistant sub-clones early during treatment, hence allowing intensification of therapy. Together with the availability of relevant in vivo experimental models and powerful technology for detailed analysis of patient specimens, this new information will help shape future experimentation towards targeted therapy for high-risk ALL.
Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, and X-linked inheritance (IPEX), a syndrome of systemic autoimmunity caused by mutations of FOXP3, a critical regulator of T-cell homeostasis

Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, and X-linked inheritance (IPEX) is one of a group of clinical syndromes that present with multisystem autoimmune disease suggesting a phenotype of immune dysregulation. Clinically, IPEX manifests most commonly with diarrhea, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, and eczema. FOXP3, the gene responsible for IPEX, maps to chromosome Xp11.23-Xq13.3 and encodes a putative DNA-binding protein of the forkhead family. Recent data indicate that FOXP3 is expressed primarily in the CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cell subset, where it may function as a transcriptional repressor and key modulator of regulatory T-cell fate and function. This review describes the clinical features of IPEX and the structure, function, and known mutations of FOXP3 that provide important insights into its role in maintenance of immune homeostasis.
Optimum Power Selection Algorithms in Aloha Networks: Random and Deterministic Approaches

In this paper, we discuss the optimum random and deterministic power selection algorithms in Aloha networks, where nodes run Exponential Backoff (EB) for contention resolution. In random case, the transmission power of a packet is selected from the available power levels, based on a predetermined probability mass function, while with the deterministic algorithms the transmission power of a packet is a deterministic function of the number of collisions the packet has experienced. Most of the related works in the literature have not addressed the power-throughput characteristics of the power selection algorithms for use in practical system designs and, therefore, this subject has been the major motivation of this paper. For the random case, we will derive optimum random power selection algorithms for unconstrained and constrained power budget scenarios and the corresponding optimum power-throughput characteristics will be presented for the latter case based on perfect capture model. Next, we will introduce a method to extend these results to SIR-based capture model, which will result in sub- optimum power steps and the sub-optimum power-throughput characteristics for the random case. This characteristic will reveal power budget requirements for the target throughput values. In the next step, deterministic power selection algorithms will be introduced and discussed with unconstrained and constrained power budget scenarios and sub-optimum power-throughput characteristic will be derived based on the perfect model. Similar methods, introduced for the random case, may be used to adapt the results to SIR-based model. Finally, by comparing the presented power-throughput characteristics, it will be demonstrated that optimum random and sub-optimum deterministic power selection algorithms have very similar behaviors. Therefore, noting that deterministic algorithms do not require any random power generator block, they may be preferred to random algorithms in similar scenarios.
Determination of microRNAs in mouse preimplantation embryos by microarray

Expression profile of microRNA (miRNA) in mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos has been revealed by a novel high throughput microarray assay. A total of 97 (43 “new” and 54 known) including mouse, human, and predicted miRNAs have been discovered in the preimplantation mouse embryos which can be classified into developmental stage‐dependent groups and non–stage‐dependent group according to the statistical analysis of the expression patterns. Potential gene targets of each group of miRNAs are estimated by TargetsScan system and significantly changed signaling pathways and biological processes underlying these gene targets are searched by PANTHER classification system between the stage‐dependent miRNAs and the non–stage‐dependent miRNAs. Expression of some miRNAs is confirmed by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. It is shown that dynamic synthesis and degradation of miRNAs coexists in the preimplantation development of mouse embryos. However, the overall quantity of miRNAs and percentage of the stage‐dependent miRNAs increase as the preimplantation embryos develop. Developmental Dynamics 237:2315–2327, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Topic tracking based on Naive bayes

Text classification is the key technology for topic tracking, and bayesian algorithm is a simple and efficient text classification model. So we use bayesian text classification model as key technology for topic tracking and vector space model as topic pre-process model to develop a topic tracking system. The experimental results show that the system has good performance. Therefore, the Naive Bayes text classification model as key technology for topic tracking to deal with topic tracking problems is effective.