Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Properties of Thiamethoxam and Related Compounds

The neonicotinoids are the most successful chemical class of insecticides reaching sales of more than $1 billion in 2003, mainly due to the excellent market performance of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam. This paper describes the discovery, the synthesis and the insecticidal activity of thiamethoxam and related compounds and reports the hydrolytic stability and the degradation pathways of thiamethoxam together with the synthesis of the degradation products
Surgical Treatment of Metopic Synostosis

Metopic synostosis is characterized by keel-shaped forehead (trigonocephaly), prominent midline ridge of the forehead, bitemporal narrowing, bilateral retrusion of supraorbits, egg-shaped orbits, low nasal dorsum, and reduced volume of the anterior cranial fossa. The mainstay treatment is early surgical intervention before the age of 12 months, which usually consists of bifrontal craniotomy with bilateral recontouring, lateral advancement, and lateral displacement of the superior orbital rims. Here, we have developed a new simplified technique for surgical treatment of trigonocephaly.A total of 60 cases of trigonocephaly were operated on between January 1995 and January 2010 by the first author. Surgical outcomes were evaluated 6 months after surgery using postoperative photographs and clinical examination notes, and scaling was made using the Whitaker classification. The evaluation showed that 85% of them were in class I, 11.6% were in class II, and 3.3% were in class III. No case was in class IV. Only the last 10 cases received the new surgical technique, and all were in class I.Complication rate was 38.3% for all cases and was only 20% for the last 10 cases, that is, the new technique group. Revision rate for trigonocephaly surgery was 13.3%, and the most common reason was hardware removal. None of the patients from the new technique group underwent revision surgery.We believe that our new technique is fast and easy, can provide sufficient bone graft, and is more useful for older patients (>1 y). Early postoperative results have been promising.
Kooperation im Unternehmen : Organisation und Steuerung von Innovationen

Die Innovationsfahigkeit von Untemehmen und die Effizienz der Forschung und Entwicklung sind zu wesentlichen Wettbewerbsfaktoren geworden und determi nieren Richtung und Verlauf des technologischen Fortschritts und der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung. Uber die Realisierung strategischer Posi tionen im Innovationswettbewerb der verschiedenen Branchen entscheiden nicht zuletzt eine wirtschaftlich effiziente Organisation und Steuerung der Durchfiih rung von Innovationsprojekten und die Forschungs- und Entwicklungskosten. Die laterale Kooperation der maBgeblich an Innovationsprojekten beteiligten Funktionsbereiche: Forschung und Entwicklung, Marketing und Produktion, mit weitgehend eigenverantwortlicher Steuerung der Projektdurchfiihrung und Ab stimmung von Funktionsbereichsstrategien, gehOrt zu jenen Organisations formen, die in der Untemehmenspraxis zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnen und in den Mittelpunkt betriebswirtschaftlicher Organisations- und Innovationsfor schung riicken. Eine okonomisch effiziente Organisation lateraler Kooperation, die Koordination von Funktionsbereichsstrategien und die Steuerung der Kooperations- und Innovationsprozesse mit betriebswirtschaftlichen Steuerungsinstrumenten, die Evaluation des Projekterfolgs und der Leistungs beitdige der kooperierenden Funktionsbereiche sowie die Einrichtung effektiver Anreiz- und Belohnungssysteme fiir kooperatives und innovatives Verhalten, organisatorische und personelle MaBnahmen zur LOsung von Abstimmungs problemen und Kooperationskonflikten und eine koordinationskostenminimale Durchfiihrung von Innovationsprojekten - das sind zentrale Problemschwer punkte untemehmerischer Innovationsforschung. Kooperationsmanagement hat die Bewaltigung der organisatorischen und personellen Probleme bei der Durch fiibrung von Innovationsprojekten zur Aufgabe. Die mikrookonomische und empirische Analyse der Voraussetzungen und Konsequenzen der Organisation und Steuerung von Innovationen sowie die Konzeptualisierung eines mikrooko nomisch fundierten Kooperationsmanagements ist Gegenstand dieser Monogra phie.
Development of a powered mobile module for the ArmAssist home-based telerehabilitation platform

The ArmAssist, developed by Tecnalia, is a system for at-home telerehabilitation of post-stroke arm impairments. It consists of a wireless mobile base module, a global position and orientation detection mat, a PC with display monitor, and a tele-rehabilitation software platform. This paper presents the recent development results on the mobile module augmenting its functionality by adding actuation components. Three DC servo motors were employed to drive the mobile module and a position control algorithm based on the kinematic model and velocity mode control was implemented such that the module tracks a path defined in the training software. Pilot tests of the powered mobile module were performed in experiments with different load conditions and two unimpaired subjects. Both test results show that the module is able to follow the predefined path within an acceptable error range for reach movement training. Further study and testing of the system in realistic conditions following stroke will be a future topic of research.
Navigation planning for legged robots in challenging terrain

This paper presents a framework for planning safe and efficient paths for a legged robot in rough and unstructured terrain. The proposed approach allows to exploit the distinctive obstacle negotiation capabilities of legged robots, while keeping the complexity low enough to enable planning over considerable distances in short time. We compute typical terrain characteristics such as slope, roughness, and steps to build a traversability map. This map is used to assess the costs of individual robot footprints as a function of the robot-specific obstacle negotiating capabilities for steps, gaps and stairs. Our sampling-based planner employs the RRT* algorithm to optimize path length and safety. The planning framework has a hierarchical architecture to frequently replan the path during execution as new terrain is perceived with onboard sensors. Furthermore, a cascaded planning structure makes use of different levels of simplification to allow for fast search in simple environments, while retaining the ability to find complex solutions, such as paths through narrow passages. The proposed navigation planning framework is integrated on the quadrupedal robot StarlETH and extensively tested in simulation as well as on the real platform.
Angiogenesis in the Bone Marrow of Patients with Breast Cancer

Purpose: Pathologic angiogenesis has been correlated with tumor growth, dissemination, metastasis, and prognosis in solid tumors including breast cancer. Angiogenesis has also been implicated in the pathophysiology of, and shown to be a therapeutic target in tumors arising in the bone marrow. The status of angiogenesis in the bone marrow of breast cancer patients is unknown. The aim of this study was to estimate the extent of bone marrow angiogenesis in this subset of patients. Experimental Design: We studied 42 women with breast cancer in whom a bone marrow biopsy was done. Bone marrow samples were sorted according to their infiltration status by breast cancer cells. In all bone marrow sections, blood vessels were highlighted by staining endothelial cells with an antibody directed against the CD34-related antigen. A hematopathologist blind to the status of infiltration of breast cancer did the bone marrow vessel count. Results: Nineteen patients (45%) had bone marrow metastasis. The bone marrow microvessel density was significantly higher in patients with bone marrow metastases compared with patients without bone marrow metastases (P < 0.0005). Median bone marrow microvessel density was 2 for the negative bone marrow group, and 15 for the positive bone marrow group. An increased microvessel density was correlated with presence of disease at last follow-up. Conclusions: This is the first study showing that bone marrow microvessel density is significantly higher in breast cancer patients with bone marrow metastases, when compared with breast cancer patients without evidence of bone marrow metastatic disease. Further research is needed to shed light into the prognostic and therapeutic relevance of this finding.
Trust computation using D-S in sector based area to detect or preventing worm hole in MANET

Worm hole attack create most crucial condition in network by which network performance degrade. In this paper we study about several technique to prevent wormhole attack, in our proposed work we divide a network into cluster and compute the trust using dempster shaper theory so that node communicate each other on the basis of trust.
PEROXIDASE-ASSOCIATED BINDING OF ESTRADIOL BY THE RAT UTERUS

It has been shown that the addition of hydrogen peroxide to the incubation medium greatly increases the in vitro binding of tritiated estradiol or its degradation products to uterine tissue. The binding probably is covalent. It involves a hemoprotein which can be demonstrated histochemically by a peroxidase reaction. In light and electron microscopic radioautographs, the sites of radioactivity in uterine tissues after incubation with tritiated estradiol are mainly the specific granules of eosinophils and the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. The possible significance of an interaction between estradiol and a peroxidative hemoprotein is discussed.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Total Isoflavones from Pueraria lobata on Cerebral Ischemia in Rats

Puerariae radix, the dried root of Pueraria lobata Ohwi, is one of earliest and most important edible crude herbs used for various medical purposes in Oriental medicine. The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of Total Isoflavones from P. lobata (TIPL), which contains the unique isoflavone puerarin, in ischemia in vivo models. Oral administration of TIPL (100 mg/kg) reduced the brain infarct volume and attenuated ischemia-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) up-regulation at 2 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in rats. Moreover, TIPL reduced activation of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and CD11b antibody (OX-42) at 7 days after MCAo in hippocampal CA1 region. These results show that TIPL can protect the brain from ischemic damage after MCAo. Regarding the immunohistochemical study, the effects of TIPL may be attributable to its anti-inflammatory properties by the inhibition of COX-2 expression, astrocyte expression, and microglia.
The Malmö Food Study: the relative validity of a modified diet history method and an extensive food frequency questionnaire for measuring food intake.

OBJECTIVE To assess the relative validity of two diet assessment methods, an extensive quantitative food frequency questionnaire (method A) and a novel shorter quantitative food frequency questionnaire with a 14 day food record (method B). DESIGN A randomized prospective cohort study. SETTING General community. SUBJECTS 206 residents of the town of Malmö, aged between 50-69 years, 101 men and 105 women who completed the methods during one year. METHODS Both diet methods were designed to cover the whole diet and portion sizes were estimated using a booklet with 120 photographs; method A comprised 250 items and method B combined a two-week food record measuring lunch and dinner meals and a shorter 130 item quantitative food frequency questionnaire for average consumption of foods, snacks and beverages during the past year. An 18 day dietary record comprising six 3-day weighed records evenly distributed over one year served as a reference method. RESULTS Pearson's correlation coefficients varied from 0.25 for fat intake to 0.84 for milk products for method A and from 0.32 for fish to 0.88 for meat for method B. Correlations for most food groups ranged between 0.50-0.80, and were higher for method B. Only small changes were noted after adjustment for energy intake. On average for most food groups categorization of subjects into quartiles, 55% of subjects belonging to the lowest quartile, and 57-59% of those belonging to the highest quartile for method A and B were correctly classified. CONCLUSION A combined food record with a quantitative food frequency questionnaire is a better tool for food assessment than an extensive food frequency questionnaire.
The effect of alpha4 beta1-integrin binding sequences of fibronectin on growth of cells from human hematopoietic progenitors.

Highly regulated interactions between adhesion receptors on progenitor cells and their extracellular matrix ligands are essential for the control of hematopoiesis in bone marrow stroma. We have examined the relationship between alpha4beta1-integrin-mediated adhesion and growth of CD34(+) cells by assessing their adhesive and migratory patterns of proliferation in a mixture of hematopoietic growth factors in the presence of different recombinant fragments of the HepII/IIICS region of fibronectin. CD34(+) cells were isolated from cord blood and placed in culture wells containing serum-free medium and growth factors. Wells were precoated with either the H120 fragment of fibronectin, which contains three alpha4beta1-integrin binding sites, or the H0 fragment, which lacks the two highest affinity alpha4beta1 binding sequences. Proliferation of single cells of CD34(+)38(+)DR+ and CD34(+)38(-)DR+ phenotypes occurred in contact with the H120 substrate and was associated with migration. Larger numbers of cells were used to quantitate proliferative responses. Cells growing in wells coated with H120 formed attachments to the base of the wells throughout the culture period. Higher total cell counts were consistently found in wells coated with H120 compared with H0 and bovine serum albumin controls. The difference was first apparent at day 8 of culture and reached a maximum at days 11 through 13, when expansion with H120 was a mean of 1.8-fold higher than that seen with H0 (P</= .0001). The greatest expansion (2.25-fold) with H120 compared with H0 was seen when the growth factor concentrations were reduced to 1/16 of the standard levels (P </= .001). The increase in total cell numbers was not at the expense of CD34(+) cells as numbers of these were similar in H120 and control cultures. These results provide evidence for synergy between growth factors and integrins that may be relevant to understanding hematopoiesis in marrow stroma.
Self-similar fractal sets: theory and procedure

The presented algorithm generates approximations of self-similar fractal sets. The algorithm is based on a pattern rewriting system that draws a geometric pattern repeatedly after suitable mappings. A program developed from the algorithm reproduces Mandelbrot's self-similar fractals. We begin by discussing fractals and dimension theory, then present the algorithm, and conclude by using fractal set theory to calculate the dimensions of self-similar sets from their generators. <<ETX>>
Hierarchical test generation and design for testability methods for ASPPs and ASIPs

In this paper, we present design for testability (DFT) and hierarchical test generation techniques for facilitating the testing of application-specific programmable processors (ASPPs) and application-specific instruction processors (ASIPs). The method utilizes the register-transfer level (RTL) circuit description of an ASPP or ASIP to come up with a set of test microcode patterns which can be written into the instruction read-only memory (ROM) of the processor. These lines of microcode dictate a new control/data flow in the circuit and can be used to test modules which are not easily testable. The new control/data flow is used to justify precomputed test sets of a module from the system primary inputs to the module inputs and propagate output responses from the module output to the system primary outputs. The testability analysis, which is based on the relevant control/data flow extracted from the RTL circuit, is symbolic. Thus, it is independent of the bit-width of the data path and is extremely fast. The test microcode patterns are a by-product of this analysis. If the derived test microcode cannot test all untested modules in the circuit, then test multiplexers are added (usually to the off-critical paths of the data path) to test these modules. This is done to guarantee the testability of all modules in the circuit. If the control microcode memory of the processor is erasable, then the test microcode lines can be erased once the testing of the chip is over. In that case, the DFT scheme has very little overhead (typically less than 1%). Otherwise, the test microcode lines remain as an overhead in the control memory. The method requires the addition of only one external test pin. Application of this technique to several examples has resulted in a very high fault coverage (above 99.6%) for all of them. The test generation time is about three orders of magnitude smaller compared to an efficient gate-level sequential test generator. The average area overhead (without assuming an erasable ROM) is 3.1% while the delay overheads are negligible. This method does not require any scan in the controller or data path. It is also amenable to at-speed testing.
Survey of information visualization techniques for exploitation in KDD

The last years witnessed a continued growth of the amount of data. The data analysis and exploration has become more and more difficult. So, it seems important to find means to visually represent this flood of data. Information visualization can help any user to get and understand information efficiently and implicate him/her in the data mining process thanks to our perception possibilities. The visualization domain proposes a large number of information visualization techniques which have been developed over the last decade to support the exploration of large data sets. In this paper, we propose a classification of information visualization techniques. We present also each technique, its advantages and disadvantages.
Nerve Injury Evoked Loss of Latexin Expression in Spinal Cord Neurons Contributes to the Development of Neuropathic Pain

Nerve injury leads to sensitization mechanisms in the peripheral and central nervous system which involve transcriptional and post-transcriptional modifications in sensory nerves. To assess protein regulations in the spinal cord after injury of the sciatic nerve in the Spared Nerve Injury model (SNI) we performed a proteomic analysis using 2D-difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) technology. Among approximately 2300 protein spots separated on each gel we detected 55 significantly regulated proteins after SNI whereof 41 were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Out of the proteins which were regulated in the DIGE analyses after SNI we focused on the carboxypeptidase A inhibitor latexin because protease dysfunctions contribute to the development of neuropathic pain. Latexin protein expression was reduced after SNI which could be confirmed by Western Blot analysis, quantitative RT-PCR and in-situ hybridisation. The decrease of latexin was associated with an increase of the activity of carboxypeptidase A indicating that the balance between latexin and carboxypeptidase A was impaired in the spinal cord after peripheral nerve injury due to a loss of latexin expression in spinal cord neurons. This may contribute to the development of cold allodynia because normalization of neuronal latexin expression in the spinal cord by AAV-mediated latexin transduction or administration of a small molecule carboxypeptidase A inhibitor significantly reduced acetone-evoked nociceptive behavior after SNI. Our results show the usefulness of proteomics as a screening tool to identify novel mechanisms of nerve injury evoked hypernociception and suggest that carboxypeptidase A inhibition might be useful to reduce cold allodynia.
Symptom patterns and causes of somatization in men: II. Genetic and environmental independence from somatization in women

The genetic and environmental antecedents of clinically distinct disorders leading to somatization were compared in 807 Swedish men and 859 Swedish women adopted at an early age by non‐relatives. Asthenic somatization, the predominant form in men, was a neurotic disorder associated with a lower incidence of criminality in the somatizers' biological parents than in the biological parents of non‐somatizers of either sex. In contrast, most female somatizers and a minority of men with diversiform somatization had disorders that were associated with a higher incidence of criminality in their biological parents than in other biological parents. Likewise, female somatizers, but not male somatizers, had an excess of alcoholic biological fathers when compared to other adoptees. In addition, different postnatal environmental background factors contributed to the risk for somatization in each sex. These findings support the distinctions among the different types of somatizers and show that the usual causes of somatization are fundamentally different in men and women. This illustrates the utility of the adoption paradigm in resolving genetic and environmental contributions to the familial aggregation of developmentally complex phenotypes.
Information Extraction Model based on Semantic Role and Conceptual Graph

Because lack of semantic information in traditional information extraction, the accuracy is not high in extraction. In order to solve the problem, this article proposes a novel method in information extraction which is based on Semantic role and conceptual graphs. On one hand, the process transforms the shallow semantic information into conceptual graphs, and accurately describes the main meaning of sentence. On the other hand, the calculator computes the similarity of conceptual graphs so as to distinguish the different domains of information. Meanwhile, the mapping rules will be obtained by using semantic role to improve the quality of extraction, this result to 80%
Finding Structure via Compression

A statistical language model may be used to segment a data sequence by thresholding its instantaneous entropy. In this paper we describe how this process works, and we apply it to the problem of discovering separator symbols in a text. Our results show that language models which bootstrap themselves with structure found in this way undergo a reduction in perplexity. We conclude that these techniques may be useful in the design of generic grammatical inference systems.