Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Root‐zone soil moisture estimation using data‐driven methods

The soil moisture state partitions both mass and energy fluxes and is important for many hydro‐geochemical cycles, but is often only measured within the surface layer. Estimating the amount of soil moisture in the root‐zone from this information is difficult due to the nonlinear and heterogeneous nature of the various processes which alter the soil moisture state. Data‐driven methods, such as artificial neural networks (ANN), mine data for nonlinear interdependencies and have potential for estimating root‐zone soil moisture from surface soil moisture observations. To create an ANN root‐zone model that was nonsite‐specific and physically constrained, a training set was generated by forcing HYDRUS‐1D with meteorological observations for different soil profiles from the unsaturated soil hydraulic database. Ensemble ANNs were trained to provide soil moisture at depths of 10, 20, and 50 cm below the surface using surface soil moisture observations and local meteorological information. Insights into the processes represented by the ANNs were derived from a clamping sensitivity analysis and by changing the ANNs input data. Further model testing based on synthetic soil moisture profiles from three McMaster Mesonet and three USDA soil climate analysis network sites suggests that ANNs are a flexible tool capable of predicting root‐zone soil moisture with good accuracy. It was found that ANNs could well represent soil moisture as estimated by HYDRUS‐1D, but performance was reduced in comparison to in situ soil moisture observations outside the training conditions. The transferability of the model appears limited to the same geographic region.
Distributed under Creative Commons Cc-by 4.0 Ddocent: a Radseq, Variant-calling Pipeline Designed for Population Genomics of Non-model Organisms

Restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) has become a powerful and useful approach for population genomics. Currently, no software exists that utilizes both paired-end reads from RADseq data to efficiently produce population-informative variant calls, especially for non-model organisms with large effective population sizes and high levels of genetic polymorphism. dDocent is an analysis pipeline with a user-friendly, command-line interface designed to process individually barcoded RADseq data (with double cut sites) into informative SNPs/Indels for population-level analyses. The pipeline, written in BASH, uses data reduction techniques and other stand-alone software packages to perform quality trimming and adapter removal, de novo assembly of RAD loci, read mapping, SNP and Indel calling, and baseline data filtering. Double-digest RAD data from population pair-ings of three different marine fishes were used to compare dDocent with Stacks, the first generally available, widely used pipeline for analysis of RADseq data. dDocent consistently identified more SNPs shared across greater numbers of individuals and with higher levels of coverage. This is due to the fact that dDocent quality trims instead of filtering, incorporates both forward and reverse reads (including reads with INDEL polymorphisms) in assembly, mapping, and SNP calling. The pipeline and a comprehensive user guide can be found at http://dDocent.wordpress. com.
PART OF A SPECIAL ISSUE ON THE PLANT CELL CYCLE Analyses of phylogeny, evolution, conserved sequences and genome-wide expression of the ICK/KRP family of plant CDK inhibitors

† Background and Aims The cell cycle is controlled by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and CDK inhibitors are major regulators of their activities. The ICK/KRP family of CDK inhibitors has been reported in several plants, with seven members in arabidopsis; however, the phylogenetic relationship among members in different species is unknown. Also, there is a need to understand how these genes and proteins are regulated. Furthermore, little information is available on the functional differences among ICK/KRP family members. † Methods We searched publicly available databases and identified over 120 unique ICK/KRP protein sequences from more than 60 plant species. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using 101 full-length sequences from 40 species and intron‐exon organization of ICK/KRP genes in model species. Conserved sequences and motifs were analysed using ICK/KRP protein sequences from arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), rice (Orysa sativa) and poplar (Populus trichocarpa). In addition, gene expression was examined using microarray data from arabidopsis, rice and poplar, and further analysed by RT-PCR for arabidopsis. † Key Results and Conclusions Phylogenetic analysis showed that plant ICK/KRP proteins can be grouped into three major classes. Whereas the C-class contains sequences from dicotyledons, monocotyledons and gymnosperms, the A- and B-classes contain only sequences from dicotyledons or monocotyledons, respectively, suggesting that the A- and B-classes might have evolved from the C-class. This classification is also supported by exon‐intron organization. Genes in the A- and B- classes have four exons, whereas genes in the C-class have only three exons. Analysis of sequences from arabidopsis, rice and poplar identified conserved sequence motifs, some of which had not been described previously, and putative functional sites. The presence of conserved motifs in different family members is consistent with the classification. In addition, gene expression analysis showed preferential expression of ICK/KRP genes in certain tissues. A model has been proposed for the evolution of this gene family in plants.
The upper talocalcanean join

The upper talocalcanean join (articulatio talocruralis) 1 is the join of the shin bone (tibia) and the ankle bone (talus). The tibia and the an- kle bone are in contact at the facies articularis inferior tibiae 2 and the facies articularis superior trochleae tali 3 . In order to build protheses that simulate the motion of the UTJ we study the geometry of the two surfaces FAIT and FAST, respectively. We are looking for kinematic surfaces that approximate FAIT and FASTT best. For that we use line geometric methods to t best approximating linear line complexes and compute the axis of the thus determined helical motion. Further we registrate FAIT and FASTT in order to nd congurations such that they are in contact. Measuring deviations of the registered surfaces helps to decide if FAIT and FASTT can be in line contact. The detection of possible contact curves will be a topic of future re- search.
Applicability Test of UK Design Flood Estimation Model FEH-ReFH to Korean Namcheon Watershed

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to evaluate the applicability of UK design flood estimation model, FEH-ReFH through rainfall-runoff simulation of Korean watershed. For the Nam stream watershed(165.12㎢), the model was calibrated using 6 storm events. The watershed and hydrological characteristics for the model requirements was prepared by developing input data pre-processors based on open GIS. The parameters of rainfall loss rate and unit hydrograph were calibrated from the observed data. The results can be used for improving and standardizing the Korean design flood estimation method. 2013년 6월 6일 접수 Received on June 6, 2013 / 2013년 8월 19일 수정 Revised on August 19, 2013 / 2013년 9월 3일 심사완료 Accepted on September 3, 2013* 본 연구는 국토교통부 물관리연구사업의 연구비지원(11기술혁신C06)에 의해 수행되었음. 1 건국대학교 사회환경시스템공학과 Dept. of Civil & Environmental Systems Engineering, Konkuk University2 한국건설기술연구원 수자원연구실 Water Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Construction Technology※ Corresponding Author E-Mail : kimsj@konkuk.ac. kr
Using graphone models in automatic speech recognition

This research explores applications of joint letter-phoneme subwords, known as graphones, in several domains to enable detection and recognition of previously unknown words. For these experiments, graphones models are integrated into the SUMMIT speech recognition framework. First, graphones are applied to automatically generate pronunciations of restaurant names for a speech recognizer. Word recognition evaluations show that graphones are effective for generating pronunciations for these words. Next, a graphone hybrid recognizer is built and tested for searching song lyrics by voice, as well as transcribing spoken lectures in a open vocabulary scenario. These experiments demonstrate significant improvement over traditional word-only speech recognizers. Modifications to the flat hybrid model such as reducing the graphone set size are also considered. Finally, a hierarchical hybrid model is built and compared with the flat hybrid model on the lecture transcription task. Thesis Supervisor: James R. Glass Title: Principal Research Scientist Thesis Co-Supervisor: I. Lee Hetherington Title: Research Scientist
Strokes in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients Diagnosed After Deep Sedation: A Single-Center Case Series

In the Philippines, acute cerebrovascular disease is a common neurologic complication in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Because of sedation and limited neurological examination, the diagnosis of stroke in critically ill patients with COVID-19 may be delayed. This retrospective analysis was done on the medical records of adult patients with critical COVID-19 in 2021-2022 who were brought to a tertiary hospital in the Philippines, placed on mechanical ventilation, and later discovered to have had an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke while under deep sedation. The study aimed to explore the delayed diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease clinically concealed by deep sedation and emphasizes the importance of a collaborative, multi-specialty approach to managing such patients. There were nine patients with strokes discovered on imaging after deep sedation due to severe COVID-19 infection. The median age of the cases was 63 years, and 55.5% (n=5) were males. Three of the nine patients had an ischemic stroke with hemorrhagic conversion, three with ischemic infarction, and the other three had a primary intracerebral hemorrhage. This series shows a pattern of delayed diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease clinically concealed by deep sedation that was essential in managing acute respiratory distress syndrome in the background of severe COVID-19 infection before the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) variants and the discovery of COVID-19 vaccines. The study demonstrates the significance of managing this unique population of patients in a collaborative and multi-specialty manner. With the continuing threat of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, there is a need to strike a balance between the risks of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in COVID-19 infection and the care of this patient population.
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS

This report explores the development of exploitation theory in mathematical Marxian economics by reviewing the main controversies surrounding the definition of exploitation since the contribution of Okishio (1963). The report first examines the robustness and economic implications of the debates on the Fundamental Marxian Theorem, developed mainly in the 1970s and 1980s, followed by the property relation theory of exploitation by Roemer (1982). Then, the more recent exploitation theory proposed by Vrousalis (2013) and Wright (2000) is introduced, before examining its economic implications using a simple economic model. Finally, the report introduces and comments on recent axiomatic studies of exploitation by focusing on the work of Veneziani and Yoshihara (2013a). JEL classification: D63; D51.
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS

This paper investigates whether one’s effort to keep up with the Joneses has any effect on labor supply behavior. We provide a simple model and empirical evidence that labor supply decisions of married women are influenced by relative as well as absolute income of their husbands. We find, after controlling for husbands’ absolute income and other individual characteristics, that married women are more likely to be in labor force when their husbands’ relative income is low. Results are robust across various settings and measures of relative income and the size of the effect is economically meaningful. We also show that income inequality of reference group of husbands in age-regional cross sections can be a predictor of their wives’ labor supply.
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science , Engineering and Technology

Nutritional intake is the procedure to find out what somebody consumes throughout the route of a day time offers treasured nearby for arranging intrusion programs for anticipation of several unrelieved diseases. Quantifying correct dietary consumption is deliberated to be an exposed research obstruction in the food and health fields. It is an important step in the success of a healthy diet. This paper gives a brief review of different methods designed for dietary assessment to mechanically recognize and discover the type of food from large quantity of images and volume estimation is made for calorie and food intake. PDA, TADA, DDRS, IMG 2 calorie, DLW, FFQ and FRS all these systems propose an efficient manner to quantify and manage every day food intake for dieticians. The objective is to describe the different methods used in dietary assessment approach for segmentation and classification. The system will capture food images before and after eating events. Then pre-processes, segmented and classified for the detection of the food type and amount, making use of look-up table every food item is corresponds to a pre-defined quantity of calories, derived from numerous parameters for instance food shape, color or texture. From all these methods few methods developed especially for children or for standard food stuff and some of them needed assumptions to proceed.
International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering

The wide availability of huge amounts of agriculture data has generated an urgent need for the research of data mining. Generating rules with higher accuracy for Agriculture databases can be done using different techniques of data mining. As the analysis of agriculture dataset is usually a complex work. Two different techniques were demonstrated for mining agriculture dataset, Association rule mining and Classification technique. Both of them are successful. It is always difficult to select the appropriate data mining algorithm for the specific database, there can be many algorithms through which rules can be generated but it is always a problem to get rules with higher accuracy. Research mainly emphasizes on different algorithm for mining agriculture data.
Evidence from northwest European bogs shows ‘Little Ice Age’ climatic changes driven by variations in solar activity

Fluctuations in Holocene atmospheric radiocarbon concentrations have been shown to be due to variations in solar activity. Analyses of both 10Be and 14C nuclides con” rm that production-rate changes during the Holocene were largely modulated by solar activity. Analyses of peat samples from two intact European ombrotrophic bogs show that climatic deteriorations during the ‘Little Ice Age’ are associated with transitions to increasing atmospheric 14C content due to greater 14C production. Both ombrotrophic mires, which are positioned c. 800 km apart, register reactions to globally recorded 14C ‘ fluctuations between ad 1449 and 1464 and an almost identical reaction between ad 1601 and 1604.
Post-starburst Galaxies in SDSS-IV MaNGA: Two Broad Categories of Evolutionary Pathways

We study the size–mass relation (SMR) and recent star formation history (SFH) of post-starburst (PSB) galaxies in the local Universe using spatially resolved spectroscopy from the final data release of MaNGA. Our sample includes 489 PSB galaxies: 94 cPSB galaxies with central PSB regions, 85 rPSB galaxies with ringlike PSB regions, and 310 iPSB galaxies with irregular PSB regions. When compared to control galaxies of similar star formation rate, redshift, and mass, a similar SMR is found for all types of PSB samples except the cPSB galaxies, which have smaller sizes at intermediate masses ( 9.5 ≲ log 10 ( M * / M ⊙ ) ≲ 10.5 ). The iPSB galaxies in the star-forming sequence (iPSB-SF) show no/weak gradients in D n (4000), EW(Hδ A ), and EW(Hα), consistent with the global star-forming status of this type of galaxy, while the quiescent iPSB (iPSB-Q) sample shows negative gradients in D n (4000) and positive gradients in EW(Hδ A ), indicating older stellar populations in the inner regions. Both the cPSB and rPSB samples show positive gradients in D n (4000) and negative gradients in EW(Hδ A ), indicating younger stellar populations in the inner regions. These results imply that the four types of PSB galaxies can be broadly divided into two distinct categories in terms of evolutionary pathway: (1) iPSB-SF and iPSB-Q, which have SMRs and SFHs similar to control galaxies, preferring an inside-out quenching process, and (2) rPSB and cPSB, which appear to be different stages of the same event and likely to follow the outside-in quenching process driven by disruption events such as mergers that result in a more compact structure as quenching proceeds.
Analysis on a Typical Squall Line Case with Doppler Weather Radar Data

A typical case of squall line occurred in Anhui Province on 24th August 2002 is analyzed,using the Hefei Doppler weather radar data,routine upper-air and surface data,and intense surface observation data.The synoptic background is featured by the southward invasion of mid-level troposphere dry and cold air behind the westward moving trough,lower level convergence,extreme unstable air and moderate vertical wind shear.The squall line produced high wind in a very large area,hail and heavy rain in some areas.The radar echo displays \! bow\" shape,with a clear outflow boundary(gust front) in front of it.Corresponding to the bow echo in reflectivity image,the velocity image shows significant mid-level radial convergence(MARC),indicating strong wind in surface afterwards.Furthermore,above the leading edge of the bow echo,there is a weak echo region and a echo overhang above it,and the strong echo extend up above the-20℃ level,implying strong updraft in the storms,favorable for the severe hail and heavy precipitation.The analysis also shows that the variation of the distance between the gust front and thunderstorm can,to some degree,indicate the future trend of the thunderstorm.
Network Security: A Decision and Game-Theoretic Approach

Covering attack detection, malware response, algorithm and mechanism design, privacy, and risk management, this comprehensive work applies unique quantitative models derived from decision, control, and game theories to understanding diverse network security problems. It provides the reader with a system-level theoretical understanding of network security, and is essential reading for researchers interested in a quantitative approach to key incentive and resource allocation issues in the field. It also provides practitioners with an analytical foundation that is useful for formalising decision-making processes in network security.
Rational Criterion for Designing Opening of Slit-Check Dam

This paper presents a theoretical approach to the problem of designing the opening in a slit-check dam. The approach is based on the conservation of the mass of water and sediments and on the energy balance under steady conditions. It leads to a relationship among opening width, sediment characteristics, mountain river geometry, and water and sediment discharge. The final relationship can be simplified to make it suitable for practical applications. Also, the problem of unsteadiness of both water and sediment is considered, as well as the possibility of treating the unsteady flow as a sequence of steady states. The results of the theory were checked in a laboratory investigation using a scale model. Different opening widths were tested under conditions of steady and unsteady supplies of water and sediment. The mean grain size of the sediment, as well as the rates of sediment and water discharge, were changed in the experiments. The results of the experiments confirm the theory quite well.
Correspondence Analysis of the Global Epidemiology of Cutaneous andVisceral Leishmaniasis

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is mostly prevalent in the western and central Asia, North Africa, Southeastern Europe, Central and South America while visceral leishmaniasis is most prevalent in Central, South and Western Asia, the Mediterranean countries, East Africa, Southeastern Europe and South America. Result from the correspondence analysis showed that the number of reported cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis is increasing moderately while visceral leishmaniasis is increasing slightly. The plots showed that countries that are clustered together have similar trend while isolated countries have irregular trend.Correspondence analysis has helped to reveal many hidden patterns of the data and the models are significant even with though the model was able to explain small amount of variation of the data. The research concluded with some suggested policy statements and recommendation
Statistical Properties of Partial Duration Series: Case Study of North Island, New Zealand

AbstractThe partial duration series (PDS) model is preferable for hydrological frequency analysis when dealing with values exceeding a certain threshold, and the model is capable of capturing more information about extreme events than the rival annual maximum series (AMS) model. However, the use of PDS in hydrological application encounters the difficulty of determining the exceedance threshold attributable to physical and statistical complexity. An inverse relationship exists between the threshold value and the number of peaks selected above a threshold, and a fixed number of average peaks per year is an option to define the threshold value. Additionally, a PDS is generated under the assumption that the series is best described by a generalized Pareto (GP) distribution. To date, the question arises as to how many peaks should be appropriate for modeling the PDS. This paper investigates the optimum number of peaks for integer values on the basis of the variability of the GP/PDS parameters with an increase.