Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Special issue on transformation optics

The transformation behavior of physical ﬁ elds is important both in physics and in engineering. For electromagnetic ﬁ elds, the natural invariance of Maxwell ’ s equations under coordinate transformations was ﬁ rst proposed by Weyl as early as 1902 [ 1 ] , where the equivalence between geometry and medium was discussed. According to the theory, light in a medium de ﬁ ned by a particular coordinate system can propagate as if in a second medium de ﬁ ned by a different coordinate system. This kind of invariance not only leads to a better understanding of physics, but also provides a powerful method to deal with electromagnetic problems in complex geometries [ 2 ] . However, the theory remained in the stages of theoretical research, or as an interesting simulation tool, until the metamaterial concept [ 3, 4 ] and its experimental realization [ 5 – 9 ] was introduced. In 2006, Pendry, Schurig, and Smith proposed a strategy to design an electromagnetic ‘ invisibility cloak ’ that would exclude all electromagnetic ﬁ elds from a given volume of space and eliminate all scattering. The cloak design was based on a coordinate transformation combined with the invariance of Maxwell ’ s equation, and also leveraged the expanded range of material properties unique to metamaterials [ 10 ] . The design technique was dubbed ‘ transformation optics ’ , and quickly applied to the design of various electromagnetic devices. At the same time, the concept of ‘ transformation optics ’ has been extended into many other branches of physics, including acoustics, elasticity and thermal ﬂ ow. This special issue contains 29 papers that highlight the ﬁ eld of transformation optics, from theoretical analysis to experimental realization.
Effects of variations in simulated changes in soil carbon contents and dynamics on future climate projections

Climatic variables have major effects on all components and processes of the global carbon (C) cycle, including soil C contents and dynamics, which in turn have significant feedback effects on the global climate. We have investigated the interactive effects between soil C and projected climatic changes using the Institute of Numerical Mathematics Climate Model (INMCM) climate–C cycle model coupled to three soil organic matter dynamics models [the Lund–Potsdam–Jena (LPJ) soil biogeochemistry, ROMUL and Q models] based on three markedly differing conceptual interpretations of soil organic matter transformation (biochemical, discrete succession and continuous quality, respectively). According to simulations using all these couplings the positive effect of CO2 fertilization on plant productivity outweighed the negative effects of increased soil temperature on soil C, consequently soils were projected to contain 10–104 Pg more C in 2100 than in the preindustrial period. However, the projected soil respiration rates tended to be higher and additional C storage lower when the LPJ soil biochemistry model was used rather than either the ROMUL or Q models. Global temperatures for 2100 predicted by the INMCM coupled to either the ROMUL or Q models were almost identical, but 0.4 °C lower than those predicted by the INMCM coupled to the LPJ soil biochemistry model. The differences in global predictions obtained with the ROMUL and Q models were smaller than expected given the fundamental difference in their formulations of the relationship between the quality and temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition.
Development of PCA-MLP Model Based on Visible and Shortwave Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Authenticating Arabica Coffee Origins

Arabica coffee, one of Indonesia’s economically important coffee commodities, is commonly subject to fraud due to mislabeling and adulteration. In many studies, spectroscopic techniques combined with chemometric methods have been massively employed in classification issues, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analyses, compared to machine learning models. In this study, spectroscopy combined with PCA and a machine learning algorithm (artificial neural network, ANN) were developed to verify the authenticity of Arabica coffee collected from four geographical origins in Indonesia, including Temanggung, Toraja, Gayo, and Kintamani. Spectra from pure green coffee were collected from Vis–NIR and SWNIR spectrometers. Several preprocessing techniques were also applied to attain precise information from spectroscopic data. First, PCA compressed spectroscopic information and generated new variables called PCs scores, which would become inputs for the ANN model. The discrimination of Arabica coffee from different origins was conducted with a multilayer perceptron (MLP)-based ANN model. The accuracy attained ranged from 90% to 100% in the internal cross-validation, training, and testing sets. The error in the classification process did not exceed 10%. The generalization ability of the MLP combined with PCA was superior, suitable, and successful for verifying the origin of Arabica coffee.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as an Important Factor Enabling the Adaptation of Anthyllis vulneraria L. to Zn-Pb-Polluted Tailings

The old Zn-Pb-contaminated (calamine) tailings in southern Poland are spontaneously colonized by metal-tolerant Anthyllis vulneraria L. (Fabaceae), which can form simultaneously symbiotic association with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and phosphorus-acquiring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). So far, fungal colonization and the AMF diversity of calamine-inhabiting legumes have been poorly studied. Thus, we determined AMF spore density in the substratum and the mycorrhizal status of nodulated A. vulneraria plants occurring on calamine tailings (M) and on a reference non-metallicolous (NM) site. The results indicate the presence of the Arum-type of arbuscular mycorrhiza in the roots of both Anthyllis ecotypes. Despite the presence of AM fungi in M plant roots, the dark septate endophyte (DSE) fungi (hyphae and microsclerotia) were occasionally also detected. Metal ions were accumulated mainly in the nodules and intraradical fungal structures rather than thick plant cell walls. Mycorrhization parameters (frequency of mycorrhization and intensity of root cortex colonization) for M plants were markedly higher and differed in a statistically significant manner from the parameters for NM plants. Heavy metal excess had no negative effect on the number of AMF spores, the amounts of glomalin-related soil proteins and AMF species composition. Molecular identification of AMF using PCR-DGGE analysis based on the 18S rDNA ribosomal gene by nested-PCR with primers AM1/NS31 and NS31-GC/Glo1 revealed similar genera/species of AMF in the roots of both Anthyllis ecotypes: Rhizophagus sp. , R. fasciculatus, and R. iranicus. The results of this work indicate the presence of unique fungal symbionts, which may enhance A. vulneraria tolerance to heavy metal stress and plant adaptation to extreme conditions on calamine tailings.
In/Visibility and the (post-soviet) ‘queer closet’

ABSTRACT This article discusses in/visibility regarding sexual identities, the ‘gay closet’, and ‘coming-out’ within the post-soviet context from a queer feminist perspective. Contemporary western-oriented global queer political culture favours individualized visual representation to fight for social acceptance. In many post-soviet and western contexts, however, LGBTIQ+ visibility is increasingly threatened. Accordingly, many choose strategies to sustain their queer lives beyond visibility and public representation. Queer and feminist theory does not offer adequate concepts to account for these forms of resistance. Building on Édouard Glissant, the decolonial and anti-imperialist philosopher, with his demand for the right to opacity, and off queer theory that reconceptualizes the gay closet, such as that of Anna T. I rethink visual in/visibility and the queer closet as space for relationality and recuperation. While Glissant and T. use the concept of opacity primarily on the level of the verbal, I will re-conceptualize opacity as in/visibility on the level of visual discourses. Engaging with the artistic practice of multimedia artist Ruthie Jenrbekova and filmmaker Masha Godovannaya, both of whom play with the in/visibilisation of queerness as artistic strategies, I show how visual opacity can facilitate coalitions beyond identity politics based on nationality, sexuality and/or gender.
Explicit formulas for projections onto intersection of a finite number of halfspaces in Hilbert spaces

We provide explicit formulas for projections onto the intersection of a finite number of halfspaces. To this aim we formulate the problem of finding the projection as a convex optimization problem and we solve explicitly sufficient and necessary optimality conditions. This approach has already been successfully applied in deriving explicit formulas for projection onto the intersection of two halfspaces.
Cross-resonance interactions between superconducting qubits with variable detuning

Cross-resonance interactions are a promising way to implement all-microwave two-qubit gates with fixed-frequency qubits. In this work, we study the dependence of the cross-resonance interaction rate on qubit-qubit detuning and compare with a model that includes the higher levels of a transmon system. To carry out this study we employ two transmon qubits--one fixed frequency and the other flux tunable--to allow us to vary the detuning between qubits. We find that the interaction closely follows a three-level model of the transmon, thus confirming the presence of an optimal regime for cross-resonance gates.
Digested Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl) Bark Extract Modulates Claudin-2 Gene Expression and Protein Levels under TNFα/IL-1β Inflammatory Stimulus

Epigenetic changes, host–gut microbiota interactions, and environmental factors contribute to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) onset and progression. A healthy lifestyle may help to slow down the chronic or remitting/relapsing intestinal tract inflammation characteristic of IBD. In this scenario, the employment of a nutritional strategy to prevent the onset or supplement disease therapies included functional food consumption. Its formulation consists of the addition of a phytoextract enriched in bioactive molecules. A good candidate as an ingredient is the Cinnamon verum aqueous extract. Indeed, this extract, subjected to a process of gastrointestinal digestion simulation (INFOGEST), exhibits beneficial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in an in vitro model of the inflamed intestinal barrier. Here, we deepen the study of the mechanisms related to the effect of digested cinnamon extract pre-treatment, showing a correlation between transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) decrement and alterations in claudin-2 expression under Tumor necrosis factor-α/Interleukin-1β (TNF-α/IL-1) β cytokine administration. Our results show that pre-treatment with cinnamon extract prevents TEER loss by claudin-2 protein level regulation, influencing both gene transcription and autophagy-mediated degradation. Hence, cinnamon polyphenols and their metabolites probably work as mediators in gene regulation and receptor/pathway activation, leading to an adaptive response against renewed insults.
Cyclic processes in the uterine tubes, endometrium, myometrium, and cervix: pathways and perturbations

Abstract This review leads the 2023 Call for Papers in MHR: ‘Cyclical function of the female reproductive tract’ and will outline the complex and fascinating changes that take place in the reproductive tract during the menstrual cycle. We will also explore associated reproductive tract abnormalities that impact or are impacted by the menstrual cycle. Between menarche and menopause, women and people who menstruate living in high-income countries can expect to experience ∼450 menstrual cycles. The primary function of the menstrual cycle is to prepare the reproductive system for pregnancy in the event of fertilization. In the absence of pregnancy, ovarian hormone levels fall, triggering the end of the menstrual cycle and onset of menstruation. We have chosen to exclude the ovaries and focus on the other structures that make up the reproductive tract: uterine tubes, endometrium, myometrium, and cervix, which also functionally change in response to fluctuations in ovarian hormone production across the menstrual cycle. This inaugural paper for the 2023 MHR special collection will discuss our current understanding of the normal physiological processes involved in uterine cyclicity (limited specifically to the uterine tubes, endometrium, myometrium, and cervix) in humans, and other mammals where relevant. We will emphasize where knowledge gaps exist and highlight the impact that reproductive tract and uterine cycle perturbations have on health and fertility.
Effective Identification for DOA Aggressions by Multivariate Correlation Analysis

DenialofService (DoA) attacks are a critical threat to the Internet. It is very laborious to trace back the attackers for the reason that of memory less feature of the web routing mechanism. In this result, there's no effective and economical technique to handle this issue. In this project, traces back of the attackers are efficiently identified and also to protect the data from the attackers using Multivariate Correlation Analysis (MCA) by estimate accurate network traffic characterization. MCA based DoA threat detection system employs the principle of anomalybased detection in attack recognition. This makes our resolution capable of detective work glorious and unknown DoA attacks effectively by learning the patterns of legitimate network traffic merely. In Proposed, we use a peculiar trace reverse method for DoA attacks that is based on MCA between normal and DoA attack traffic, which is basically differs from commonly used packet marking techniques. This technique is employed to spot the attackers with efficiency and supports an oversized quantifiability. Furthermore, a triangle-areabased technique is used to enhance and to speed up the process of MCA. This technique is applied to bang the attackers in an exceedingly wide sSection of network that was a lot of economical and shield the info from the attackers.
Elastic Stack and GRAPHYP Knowledge Graph of Web Usage: A Win-Win Workflow for Semantic Interoperability in Decision Making

The use of Elastic Stack (ELK) solutions and Knowledge Graphs (KGs) has attracted a lot of attention lately, with promises of vastly improving business performance based on new business insights and better decisions. This allows organizations not only to reap the ultimate benefits of data governance but also to consider the widest possible range of relevant information when deciding their next steps. In this paper, we examine how data management and data visualization are used in organizations that use ELK solutions to collect integrated data from different sources in one place and visualize and analyze them in near-real time. We also present some interpretable Knowledge Graphs, GRAPHYP, which are innovative by processing an analytical information geometry and can be used together with an ELK to improve data quality and visualize the data to make informed decisions in organizations. Good decisions are the backbone of successful organizations. Ultimately, this research is about integrating a combined solution between ELK and SKG GRAPHYP and showing users the advantages in this area.
Legume Overseeding and P Fertilization Increases Microbial Activity and Decreases the Relative Abundance of AM Fungi in Pampas Natural Pastures

Natural grasslands provide a valuable resource for livestock grazing. In many parts of South America, legume overseeding and P fertilization are commonly used to enhance primary productivity. The effect of this practice on the plant community is well established. However, how this management regime affects the soil microbiome is less known. Here, to contribute to filling this knowledge gap, we analyzed the effect of Lotus subbiflorus overseeding, together with P fertilization, on soil microbial community diversity and activity in the Uruguayan Pampa region. The results showed that plant communities in the natural grassland paddocks significantly differed from those of the managed paddocks. In contrast, neither microbial biomass and respiration nor microbial diversity was significantly affected by management, although the structure of the bacterial and fungal communities were correlated with those of the plant communities. AM Fungi relative abundance, as well as several enzyme activities, were significantly affected by management. This could have consequences for the C, N, and P content of SOM in these soils, which in turn might affect SOM degradation.
Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation in Organotypic Hippocampal Cultures Leads to Cytoskeleton Rearrangement and Immune Activation: Link to the Potential Pathomechanism of Ischaemic Stroke

Ischaemic stroke is characterized by a sudden loss of blood circulation to an area of the brain, resulting in a corresponding loss of neurologic function. As a result of this process, neurons in the ischaemic core are deprived of oxygen and trophic substances and are consequently destroyed. Tissue damage in brain ischaemia results from a complex pathophysiological cascade comprising various distinct pathological events. Ischaemia leads to brain damage by stimulating many processes, such as excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, acidotoxicity, and apoptosis. Nevertheless, less attention has been given to biophysical factors, including the organization of the cytoskeleton and the mechanical properties of cells. Therefore, in the present study, we sought to evaluate whether the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) procedure, which is a commonly accepted experimental model of ischaemia, could affect cytoskeleton organization and the paracrine immune response. The abovementioned aspects were examined ex vivo in organotypic hippocampal cultures (OHCs) subjected to the OGD procedure. We measured cell death/viability, nitric oxide (NO) release, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) levels. Next, the impact of the OGD procedure on cytoskeletal organization was evaluated using combined confocal fluorescence microscopy (CFM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Concurrently, to find whether there is a correlation between biophysical properties and the immune response, we examined the impact of OGD on the levels of crucial ischaemia cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-4) and chemokines (CCL3, CCL5, CXCL10) in OHCs and calculated Pearsons’ and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients. The results of the current study demonstrated that the OGD procedure intensified cell death and nitric oxide release and led to the potentiation of HIF-1α release in OHCs. Moreover, we presented significant disturbances in the organization of the cytoskeleton (actin fibers, microtubular network) and cytoskeleton-associated protein 2 (MAP-2), which is a neuronal marker. Simultaneously, our study provided new evidence that the OGD procedure leads to the stiffening of OHCs and a malfunction in immune homeostasis. A negative linear correlation between tissue stiffness and branched IBA1 positive cells after the OGD procedure suggests the pro-inflammatory polarization of microglia. Moreover, the negative correlation of pro- and positive anti-inflammatory factors with actin fibers density indicates an opposing effect of the immune mediators on the rearrangement of cytoskeleton induced by OGD procedure in OHCs. Our study constitutes a basis for further research and provides a rationale for integrating biomechanical and biochemical methods in studying the pathomechanism of stroke-related brain damage. Furthermore, presented data pointed out the interesting direction of proof-of-concept studies, in which follow-up may establish new targets for brain ischemia therapy.
Arctic ecosystem restoration with native tundra bryophytes

ABSTRACT Bryophytes are ecologically essential to northern ecosystem restoration after disturbance. In this study, native bryophytes were used to revegetate two Arctic restoration sites. Different propagation types (small, medium, large fragments) and substrates (crushed rock, lake sediment, processed kimberlite in Canada; volcanic silt loam and crushed lava rock in Iceland) with two erosion control treatments (with and without cheesecloth) were evaluated. After two growing seasons, large bryophyte fragments resulted in the greatest density and total and live cover with erosion control and medium fragments resulted in the highest density and species occurrence without erosion control. Erosion control significantly increased live cover, total cover, species occurrence, and density, including a tempering effect on soil volumetric water content and temperature. Substrates with more heterogeneous surfaces (crushed rock, volcanic silt loam, crushed lava rock) yielded higher live cover, density, and spontaneous colonization than more homogeneous substrates (processed kimberlite, lake sediment) and can be more suitable for use in arctic ecosystems revegetation. The positive outcomes in both Canada and Iceland led to the conclusion that bryophyte propagation with large to medium fragments, erosion control with cheesecloth, and substrates with heterogeneous surfaces would be effective restoration approaches where bryophyte revegetation is a focus.
Factors affecting IPO Performance in the Stock Market: An Analytical Perspective

Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) have long been considered a crucial step in a company's growth trajectory. IPOs offer an opportunity for companies to raise capital and expand their business operations. However, the success of an IPO is not guaranteed, and several factors can impact its performance in the stock market. This study seeks to explore the factors that can affect IPO performance from an analytical perspective. The economic conditions prevailing at the time of an IPO can have a significant impact on its performance. Factors such as inflation, interest rates, and GDP growth can influence investor sentiment and, in turn, impact IPO performance. Similarly, industry-specific factors such as competition, technological changes, and regulatory changes can also impact IPO performance. Company-specific factors such as financial performance, management quality, and growth potential can also play a critical role in determining IPO success. Furthermore, the regulatory environment surrounding IPOs, including legal and compliance requirements, can affect investor sentiment and the success of an IPO. Through an analytical approach, this study aims to identify and analyse the critical factors that can impact IPO performance in the stock market. The research can provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms driving IPO performance and can be useful for investors, issuers, and policymakers in making informed decisions regarding IPO investments and regulations.