Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
downloaded from King’s Research Portal

Objective: To estimate the proportion of older adults who have used mental health services in the past 12 months among those who meet the criteria for one or more Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), Fourth Edition, 12-month psychiatric disorders. We also examine the factors associated with mental health care use in this population. Method: We used secondary data from the Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Well-Being (CCHS 1.2). We first estimated the proportion of adults aged 55 years and older who used a range of mental health services. Next, using logistic regression, we examined the relative contribution of predisposing, enabling, and need characteristics in predicting any service use in this population. Results: Among the 12 792 adults aged 55 years and older in the CCHS 1.2, 513 (4.23%, 95% CI 3.89% to 4.95%) met the criteria for at least one 12-month DSM-IV disorder. Among these respondents, 37% (95% CI 31% to 43%) saw at least one type of mental health care provider in the past 12 months. Visits to a general health care provider for mental health reasons were most common, followed by specialist care. Only psychological distress was significantly and positively associated with using mental health care services. Conclusions: Over 60% of the older adults who met the criteria for a DSM-IV disorder were not using mental health care services. Social and demographic factors did not predict service use in this population. Can J Psychiatry. 2010;55(3):157–164.
Perceptions of Self-Employment Among Mid-Career Executives in the People’s Republic of China

Policy makers in transitional economies have recognized the importance of self-employment as a mechanism for economic growth. Institutional support, however, lags this recognition. Individuals, therefore, must draw on their personal characteristics to venture into self-employment. We used a variety of individual characteristics to capture an important antecedent of the transition to self-employment using data from 133 mid-career Chinese executives. At the most aggregate level, hierarchical regression showed that views on self-employment are positively related to having a self-employed relative and openness to experience. A more refined analysis indicated that a variety of individual characteristics are related to perceptions of self-employment. Using these findings, we conclude that public policy will create an environment of inter-generational entrepreneurial activity. We argued, moreover, that the continued transition from state-owned enterprises (SOEs) to privately owned enterprises will require the identification, training, and development of a new breed of self-employed individual.
Activation of rabbit oocytes: the impact of the Ca2+ signal regime on development.

Postfertilization manipulation of mammalian embryos results in various developmental alterations. To determine whether the manipulation of the Ca2+ regime causing oocyte activation is a valuable experimental means in helping understand the biological process by which embryos integrate signals from outside and later regulate gene expression, we linked Ca2+ signal parameters i.e. amplitude, number and frequency, with the efficiency and quality of postimplantation development. Freshly ovulated rabbit oocytes were subjected to repetitive and modulated Ca2+ influx. The results provide three major pieces of information. Firstly, the Ca2+ stimulus is the most efficient signal activating mammalian eggs when it is applied in a repetitive manner, the amplitude being the crucial factor. Secondly, the dynamics of early cleavage does not appear to be determined by either the frequency or the amplitude of modulation of the Ca2+ signal that activates the oocyte. Thirdly, amplitude and temporal modulation of the Ca2+ signal in the early minutes influences the developmental performance and the morphology of the rabbit parthenogenetic conceptus at day 11.5 of pregnancy. The results demonstrate the importance of epigenetic events during postfertilization as well as the possible uses of Ca2+ modulation in studying long term developmental effects.
Policing Weak States: Citizen Safety And State Responsibility

This paper confronts the challenge of providing policing services that ensure citizen safety in "weak states" - countries in which police have historically been ineffective and/or repressive in their dealings with ordinary citizens. It looks at endogenous and exogneous factors in weak state environments that deflect police institutions from providing a threshold of public safety. The paper argues that states should, and must, retain primacy in ensuring public safety, despite and often because of the alternatives to state police. It concludes with a plea for the need for more "grey analysis" in making sense of policing challenges in weak states. It is critical of human rights analyses that adopt a Manichean perspective of the challenges.
Applied Participatory Ethics: Bridging the Social Justice Chasm Between Counselor and Client

The authors introduce an applied participatory ethics paradigm consistent with the contemporary focus on social justice in the practice of counseling, emphasizing participation of all rightful parties, including the client, in ethical decision-making processes. The paradigm is an adaptation and expansion of the work of Prilleltensky, Rossiter, and Walsh-Bowers (1996) and rests on their conceptualization of restrictive and participatory orientations. The origins of the model's added elements in 4 areas of rehabilitation and counseling literature (i.e., ethical knowledge and practices, the therapeutic alliance or relationship, client involvement, and client empowerment) are described. Finally, interrelationships between the different phases and elements of the model are discussed.
Cooperating with your romantic partner

Romantic partners’ emotions become coordinated in various ways and this may have implications for well-being (Butler (2011) Temporal interpersonal emotion systems: The “TIES” that form relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15, 367–393. ). The present study uses a community sample of 44 committed heterosexual couples to examine whether cooperation, a generally beneficial relational process, is associated with emotional coordination and whether the pattern differs when men’s emotions are coordinated with their female partners’ prior emotions or vice versa. Using behavioral observations of cooperation and second-to-second measures of emotional experience during a face-to-face conversation, men showed the most positive emotional experience at high levels of mutual cooperation. As predicted, cooperation was associated with different coordination patterns for men and women, with high mutual cooperation predicting an inphase pattern for men (emotions changing in unison with their partners) and an antiphase pattern for women (emotions changing in opposite directions from their partners). Our results suggest that men and women may experience cooperation differently, despite engaging in similar behaviors.
A feedback system for graphics video coding and networking

This paper presents feedback design of a desktop visual communications system. The system consists of video coding using a 3-D graphics model and video transmission over the Internet. To reduce the overall video quality degradation in visual communications caused by coding and networking errors, we jointly researched the compression and transmission of video signals. In building the 3-D graphics model-based coding structure, instead of using feedforward based on pixel intensity, we develop a three-level signal representation and an analysis-by-synthesis feedback framework. In prototyping the video over IP in desktop conferencing, we adapt the video encoders coding rates based on feedback of the network states and receivers. We therefore contribute to the analysis, modeling, and transmission of multimedia signals for desktop visual communications.
Persistent Epithelial Defects and Corneal Opacity After Collagen Cross-Linking With Substitution of Dextran (T-500) With Dextran Sulfate in Compounded Topical Riboflavin

Purpose: Collagen cross-linking (CXL) is a commonly performed procedure to prevent the progression of keratoconus. Riboflavin is an essential part of the procedure, which facilitates both the cross-linking process and protection of intraocular structures. Dextran can be added to riboflavin to create an isotonic solution. This case report highlights the importance of compounding riboflavin with the correct dextran solution. Methods: A retrospective case series. Results: Six eyes of 4 male patients with keratoconus aged from 20 to 38 years underwent CXL with substitution of 20% dextran (T-500) with 20% dextran sulfate in a compounded riboflavin 0.1% solution. Postoperatively, persistent corneal epithelial defects, stromal haze, and then scarring occurred. Corneal transplantation was performed for visual rehabilitation but was complicated by graft rejection followed by failure (n = 1 eye), dehiscence (n = 4), cataract (n = 2), post-laser ablation haze (n = 1), and steroid-induced glaucoma (n = 2). The visual outcome was <6/18 in all 6 cases because of irregular astigmatism and stromal haze. Thinning, vascularization, and scarring of the residual host tissue were noted. Conclusions: Substitution of dextran (T-500) with dextran sulfate in riboflavin solutions during CXL results in loss of vision from permanent corneal opacity. Residual host changes may compromise the results of corneal transplantation.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bloodstream Infection: Importance of Appropriate Initial Antimicrobial Treatment

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection is a serious infection with significant patient mortality and health-care costs. Nevertheless, the relationship between initial appropriate antimicrobial treatment and clinical outcomes is not well established. This study was a retrospective cohort analysis employing automated patient medical records and the pharmacy database at Barnes-Jewish Hospital. Three hundred five patients with P. aeruginosa bloodstream infection were identified over a 6-year period (January 1997 through December 2002). Sixty-four (21.0%) patients died during hospitalization. Hospital mortality was statistically greater for patients receiving inappropriate initial antimicrobial treatment (n = 75) compared to appropriate initial treatment (n = 230) (30.7% versus 17.8%; P = 0.018). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified inappropriate initial antimicrobial treatment (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42 to 2.92; P = 0.048), respiratory failure (AOR, 5.18; 95% CI, 3.30 to 8.13; P < 0.001), and circulatory shock (AOR, 4.00; 95% CI, 2.71 to 5.91; P < 0.001) as independent determinants of hospital mortality. Appropriate initial antimicrobial treatment was administered statistically more often among patients receiving empirical combination antimicrobial treatment for gram-negative bacteria compared to empirical monotherapy (79.4% versus 65.5%; P = 0.011). Inappropriate initial empirical antimicrobial treatment is associated with greater hospital mortality among patients with P. aeruginosa bloodstream infection. Inappropriate antimicrobial treatment of P. aeruginosa bloodstream infections may be minimized by increased use of combination antimicrobial treatment until susceptibility results become known.
Quantitative Assessment of Peripheral Arteries in Ultrasound Images

Ultrasound imaging is widely used to assess carotid, brachial, femoral, as well as other ar‐ teries. There are major advantages of using ultrasound in comparison to other imaging tech‐ niques, such as its non invasiveness and its capability to produce real-time visualization of the arterial lumen and vessel wall that is not possible with any other imaging modality [1]. Recent clinical studies have benefited from continuous improvements in ultrasound image quality, new imaging techniques and signal processing algorithms with the aim of identify‐ ing the vulnerable carotid plaque based on the mechanical wall motion behavior [2,3].
The roles of ATP in the dynamics of the actin filaments of the cytoskeleton

Abstract In contrast to the actin filaments of muscle, which are stabilized by special proteins, actin filaments of the cytoskeleton are highly dynamic. In vitro observations at room temperature have led to the conclusion that the hydrolysis of ATP, which accompanies the polymerization of ATP-containing monomers, destabilizes the filaments of the actin skeleton. Many functions of this skeleton, such as signal transduction, the anchoring of cell adhesion complexes, and the transfer and generation of pulling forces, can obviously only be adequately performed by stable filaments. Here it is assumed that, at room temperature, the interaction of ADP-containing monomers is impaired by complexed water molecules that partly shield the binding surfaces. The possibility that, at higher temperatures, the interaction of the monomers is strong enough to prevent spontaneous filament depolymerization is explored. Using mechanical models that take into account binding forces and energies, the polymerization cycle expected under these conditions is described. It is shown that ATP serves primarily to prevent incorrect binding of the incoming monomer to the end of the filament (‘adjusted fit’). In addition, it provides the free energy needed for disassembly of the expected stable filaments.
Thinking locally, acting globally? Stakeholder conflicts over UNESCO World Heritage inscription in Western Australia

This study will evaluate three World Heritage initiatives in Western Australia; Shark Bay and Ningaloo Reef, both isolated and near-pristine natural areas, and Fremantle, a historic townscape within a large metropolitan region. In all the three cases, sections of the local communities have campaigned against World Heritage designation, not because they failed to see the heritage value of the areas under consideration, but because they saw the ‘fallout’ from such designations as a threat to various aspects of their ways of life. A range of official, academic and media sources and direct input from stakeholders are used to illustrate issues of concern and, on occasion, conflict at these three sites. While this was clearly not the intention of those seeking the World Heritage designations, sections of the community at all three locations feared that such designations would exacerbate, rather than ameliorate, what they saw as the negative impacts of the rapid social and economic changes that are, in any case, occurring across the state.
Is a College Degree Still the Great Equalizer? Intergenerational Mobility across Levels of Schooling in the United States1

A quarter century ago, an important finding in stratification research showed that the intergenerational occupational association was much weaker among college graduates than among those with lower levels of education. This article provides a comprehensive assessment of the “meritocratic power” of a college degree. Drawing on five longitudinal data sets, the author analyzes intergenerational mobility in terms of class, occupational status, earnings, and household income for men and women. Findings indicate that the intergenerational association is strong among those with low educational attainment; it weakens or disappears among bachelor’s degree holders but reemerges among those with advanced degrees, leading to a U-shaped pattern of parental influence. Educational and labor market factors explain these differences in mobility: parental resources influence college selectivity, field of study, and earnings more strongly for advanced-degree holders than for those with a bachelor’s degree alone.
Perspectives on the Study of Work-life Balance

This article reviews aspects of contemporary theory and research on work-life balance. It starts by exploring why work-life balance has become an important topic for research and policy in some countries and after outlining traditional perspectives examines the concept of balance and its implications for the study of the relation between work and the rest of life. A model outlining the causes, nature and consequences of a more or less acceptable work-life balance is presented and recent research is cited to illustrate the various dimensions. Finally, the topic is linked to the field of work and organizational psychology and a number of theoretical and conceptual issues of relevance to research in Europe are raised.
Investigation of System Performance of Quantum Cryptography Key Distribution in Network Security

For the past decade progress in quantum cryptography changed the status of quantum key distribution (QKD) from laboratory to the practical innovation technology. Quantum cryptography is an emerging technology in which two parties can secure network communications by applying the phenomena of quantum physics. Quantum cryptography applies the uncertainty principle and the no-cloning theorem of quantum mechanics to provide ultra-secure encryption key distribution between two parties. Conventional secret-key cryptography techniques require the communication of a secret key prior to message exchange, and does not detect eavesdropping, and quantum principles can be used to detect eavesdropping probabilistically when it occurs. But there are challenges, and limitations to implement practical quantum cryptography such as detector performance for measuring photons, or optical sources which, enforce by the state-ofthe-art components crucial for the system performance of quantum cryptography, and fiber optical distance range affect the system performance of quantum cryptography For that reason, the goal of this research is to investigate the system performance of quantum cryptography key distribution in network security, and this investigation develops a theoretical integrated research model or conceptual model framework concerning (figure 4) parameters which affect QKD system performance, and generates a key that affects by those variables. To support the research the experimental data are performed, collected, and analyzed at MagiQ Technology in the Research & Development Lab. The rate of cryptography key or sifted key rate and the quantum bit error rate (QBER) are used to gauge the performance. The research presents a guideline to improve the system performance of the quantum cryptography. Keywords-component; Quantum Crytography, QKD System Performance; System Conceptual Model;
Personalized modeling of prostate deformation based on elastography for MRI-TRUS registration

Fusion of pre- and intra-operative imaging modalities allows the accurate targeting of prostate interventions. We propose a personalized statistical motion model (PSMM) for the deformable registration of prostate magnetic resonance (MR) and 3D transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) images. Comparing to traditional statistical motion model (SMM) methods, for the first time, the biomechanical information obtained from elastography is incorporated into a finite element (FE) model, which is created from preoperative MR images. PSMM is then constructed from training data generated by simulating the prostate deformation from the personalized FE model with realistic boundary conditions. Finally, prostate MR and TRUS images are registered by integrating the PSMM into a robust point matching (RPM) framework. Using data acquired from phantoms, the efficiency of the PSMM and the accuracy of MRI-TRUS registration were evaluated. The mean target registration error was less than 1.7mm, which demonstrates our PSMM can achieve more physically plausible deformation estimation and accurate registration.
A dedicated controller design for uncertain Volterra-type systems

Recently, different algorithms for identification of several uncertain nonlinear models, referred to as Volterra-type models, were introduced in the literature. This work deals with the development of a suitable model-based control algorithm able to cope with the uncertain characterization of those types of models. Particularly, a robust model predictive control (MPC) scheme for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) Volterra-type models is presented. A MPC paradigm is used to control the process under the presence of uncertainties and constraints on the manipulated and controlled variables. A simulation example is given to illustrate the capabilities of the proposed control methodology.
Early and Late Recurrence After Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications

Objective:To evaluate the predictive factors, the therapy, and the prognosis of intrahepatic recurrence (IR) after surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Summary Background Data:The predictive factors of IR are debated. To class the recurrence according to the modality of presentation may help to find a correlation and to select the right therapy for the recurrence. Methods:A total of 213 patients were evaluated. Risk factors for recurrence were related to time (<2 years and >2 years) and type of presentation (marginal, nodular, and diffuse). Prognosis and therapy for the recurrence were studied in each group of patients. Results:IR was observed in 143 patients; 109 were early (group 1) and 34 late recurrences (group 2). Cirrhosis, chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and HCV positivity were independently related to the risk of recurrence with a cumulative effect (92.5% of recurrences in patients with 3 prognostic factors). For group 1, the neoplastic vascular infiltration together with cirrhosis, HCV positivity, CAH, and transaminases were significant; all the 11 patients with 5 negative prognostic factors showed an early recurrence. On the contrary, only cirrhosis was related to a late recurrence. Survival rate was significantly better in late than in early recurrence (61.9%, 27.1% and 25.7%, 4.5% at 3–5 years); a curative procedure was performed in 67.6% in group 1 and 29.3% in group 2. After a radical treatment of IR, the survival was comparable with the group of patients without recurrence. Conclusions:Early and late recurrences are linked to different predictive factors. The modality of presentation of the recurrence together with the feasibility of a radical treatment are the best determinants for the prognosis.
Growth of injected melanoma cells is suppressed by whole body exposure to specific spatial-temporal configurations of weak intensity magnetic fields

Purpose: To measure the effect of exposure to a specific spatial-temporal, hysiologically-patterned electromagnetic field presented using different geometric configurations on the growth of experimental tumours in mice. Methods: C57b male mice were inoculated subcutaneously with B16-BL6 melanoma cells in two blocks of experiments separated by six months (to control for the effects of geomagnetic field). The mice were exposed to the same time-varying electromagnetic field nightly for 3 h in one of six spatial configurations or two control conditions and tumour growth assessed. Results: Mice exposed to the field that was rotated through the three spatial dimensions and through all three planes every 2 sec did not grow tumours after 38 days. However, the mice in the sham-field and reference controls showed massive tumours after 38 days. Tumour growth was also affected by the intensity of the field, with mice exposed to a weak intensity field (1–5 nT) forming smaller tumours than mice exposed to sham or stronger, high intensity (2–5 μT) fields. Immunochemistry of tumours from those mice exposed to the different intensity fields suggested that alterations in leukocyte infiltration or vascularisation could contribute to the differences in tumour growth. Conclusions: Exposure to specific spatial-temporal regulated electromagnetic field configurations had potent effects on the growth of experimental tumours in mice.