Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Detection and Removal of Ineffective Mutants for the Mutation Analysis of Relational Database Schemas

Data is one of an organization's most valuable and strategic assets. Testing the relational database schema, which protects the integrity of this data, is of paramount importance. Mutation analysis is a means of estimating the fault-finding “strength” of a test suite. As with program mutation, however, relational database schema mutation results in many “ineffective” mutants that both degrade test suite quality estimates and make mutation analysis more time consuming. This paper presents a taxonomy of ineffective mutants for relational database schemas, summarizing the root causes of ineffectiveness with a series of key patterns evident in database schemas. On the basis of these, we introduce algorithms that automatically detect and remove ineffective mutants. In an experimental study involving the mutation analysis of 34 schemas used with three popular relational database management systems—HyperSQL, PostgreSQL, and SQLite—the results show that our algorithms can identify and discard large numbers of ineffective mutants that can account for up to 24 percent of mutants, leading to a change in mutation score for 33 out of 34 schemas. The tests for seven schemas were found to achieve 100 percent scores, indicating that they were capable of detecting and killing all non-equivalent mutants. The results also reveal that the execution cost of mutation analysis may be significantly reduced, especially with “heavyweight” DBMSs like PostgreSQL.
Using model‐data fusion to interpret past trends, and quantify uncertainties in future projections, of terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling

Uncertainties in model projections of carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems stem from inaccurate parameterization of incorporated processes (endogenous uncertainties) and processes or drivers that are not accounted for by the model (exogenous uncertainties). Here, we assess endogenous and exogenous uncertainties using a model‐data fusion framework benchmarked with an artificial neural network (ANN). We used 18 years of eddy‐covariance carbon flux data from the Harvard forest, where ecosystem carbon uptake has doubled over the measurement period, along with 15 ancillary ecological data sets relative to the carbon cycle. We test the ability of combinations of diverse data to constrain projections of a process‐based carbon cycle model, both against the measured decadal trend and under future long‐term climate change. The use of high‐frequency eddy‐covariance data alone is shown to be insufficient to constrain model projections at the annual or longer time step. Future projections of carbon cycling under climate change in particular are shown to be highly dependent on the data used to constrain the model. Endogenous uncertainties in long‐term model projections of future carbon stocks and fluxes were greatly reduced by the use of aggregated flux budgets in conjunction with ancillary data sets. The data‐informed model, however, poorly reproduced interannual variability in net ecosystem carbon exchange and biomass increments and did not reproduce the long‐term trend. Furthermore, we use the model‐data fusion framework, and the ANN, to show that the long‐term doubling of the rate of carbon uptake at Harvard forest cannot be explained by meteorological drivers, and is driven by changes during the growing season. By integrating all available data with the model‐data fusion framework, we show that the observed trend can only be reproduced with temporal changes in model parameters. Together, the results show that exogenous uncertainty dominates uncertainty in future projections from a data‐informed process‐based model.
['Red yeast rice' as a cholesterol-lowering substance?Caution is warranted].

- In various non-medical publications, red yeast rice (red fermented rice, RYR) is recommended as a cholesterol-lowering substance. This supplement contains a naturally occurring statin, namely monacolin K. - Patients who wish to use RYR should be advised to only take products from reputable pharmaceutical companies. Pharmacists can provide advice on this. - Users of RYR should be alerted to the potential drug interactions and serious risks associated with its use during pregnancy. - RYR appears to be better tolerated than statins. This difference in tolerance can be traced back to the applied dosages. On average, the daily RYR dosage contains less statin than the standard dosage for statins. - The Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority should urgently test the RYR supplements available in the Netherlands to gain more insight into the quality of said products. - Mandatory registration of RYR as an herbal medicine appears necessary to guarantee the quality of, and monacolin levels in, the products and to reduce health risks.
A object tracking method in two cameras with common view field

A object tracking method is proposed in this paper by utilizing the repetitive information in two cameras with common view field. First, the background will be built using Gaussian background modeling for the images of different cameras with common view field. Second, the foreground objects can be attained and extracted using the background subtraction method. SIFT(Scale-Invariant Feature Transform) feature points will be matched for the objects extracted from the images of the different cameras. Then RANSAC(RANdom SAmple Consensus) algorithm is used to filter the SIFT feature matching, and the same object of two images will be attained. The results demonstrate that this method is better for far field object from different cameras with common view field. It has potential and important applications in object matching and tracking of multicameras.
Modeling for influenza vaccines and adjuvants profile for safety prediction system using gene expression profiling and statistical tools

Historically, vaccine safety assessments have been conducted by animal testing (e.g., quality control tests and adjuvant development). However, classical evaluation methods do not provide sufficient information to make treatment decisions. We previously identified biomarker genes as novel safety markers. Here, we developed a practical safety assessment system used to evaluate the intramuscular, intraperitoneal, and nasal inoculation routes to provide robust and comprehensive safety data. Influenza vaccines were used as model vaccines. A toxicity reference vaccine (RE) and poly I:C-adjuvanted hemagglutinin split vaccine were used as toxicity controls, while a non-adjuvanted hemagglutinin split vaccine and AddaVax (squalene-based oil-in-water nano-emulsion with a formulation similar to MF59)-adjuvanted hemagglutinin split vaccine were used as safety controls. Body weight changes, number of white blood cells, and lung biomarker gene expression profiles were determined in mice. In addition, vaccines were inoculated into mice by three different administration routes. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine the expression changes of each biomarker. The results showed that the regression equations clearly classified each vaccine according to its toxic potential and inoculation amount by biomarker expression levels. Interestingly, lung biomarker expression was nearly equivalent for the various inoculation routes. The results of the present safety evaluation were confirmed by the approximation rate for the toxicity control. This method may contribute to toxicity evaluation such as quality control tests and adjuvant development.
Decomposition of tensors of cardio-vascular signals using CANDECOMP / PARAFAC algorithms

In the processing of biological signals of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and Arterial Diameter Variation (ADV) there are several methods for the extraction of cardiovascular event characteristics. In this case, the canonical polyadic decomposition of CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) tensors is used in the processing of the mixed signals of ECG-ADV; the ECG-ADV signals are extracted from each patient simultaneously and the detection quality of the ECG complex is verified. To do this, the ECG complex and the systolic wave of the ADV wave are aligned with Gaussian noise, and then the tensors were constructed for both signals. Five algorithms of CP were applied and the quality of the factorization of each one of the algorithms was checked with four indices. Both signals were shown to be non-collinear, and the algorithms that have the minimum number of iterations at the convergence were determined.
Sensitivity and Variability Redux in Hot-Jupiter Flow Simulations

We revisit the issue of sensitivity to initial flow and intrinsic variability in hot-Jupiter atmospheric flow simulations, originally investigated by Cho et al. (2008) and Thrastarson & Cho (2010). The flow in the lower region (~1 to 20 MPa) `dragged' to immobility and uniform temperature on a very short timescale, as in Liu & Showman (2013), leads to effectively a complete cessation of variability as well as sensitivity in three-dimensional (3D) simulations with traditional primitive equations. Such momentum (Rayleigh) and thermal (Newtonian) drags are, however, ad hoc for 3D giant planet simulations. For 3D hot-Jupiter simulations, which typically already employ strong Newtonian drag in the upper region, sensitivity is not quenched if only the Newtonian drag is applied in the lower region, without the strong Rayleigh drag: in general, both sensitivity and variability persist if the two drags are not applied concurrently in the lower region. However, even when the drags are applied concurrently, vertically-propagating planetary waves give rise to significant variability in the ~0.05 to 0.5 MPa region, if the vertical resolution of the lower region is increased (e.g. here with 1000 layers for the entire domain). New observations on the effects of the physical setup and model convergence in `deep' atmosphere simulations are also presented.
Identifying Textual Features of High-Quality Questions: An Empirical Study on Stack Overflow

Background: Stack Overflow (SO) is a programming-specific Q&A website that serves as a valuable repository of software engineering knowledge. For SO members, formulating a good question is the first step towards eliciting satisfactory responses. Aims: To guide SO members on how to make a good question, we conduct an empirical study using the publicly available Stack Overflow Data Dump for the period of 2008-2016. Method: We first choose 25 features along 5 dimensions to represent the textual characteristics that we are interested in. Making use of the Boruta algorithm, we then capture all features that are either strongly or weakly relevant to the question quality. Results: The results show that the number of tags and code snippets are the most discriminative features, whereas there is only a weak correlation between the question quality and the sentiment-related factors. Based on the empirical evidence, we provide useful and usable suggestions to SO members on how to optimize their questions. Conclusions: We consider that our findings will provide SO members with a better understanding of the patterns behind high-quality questions, this is to support effective and efficient utilization of Q&A websites as the ultimate goal.
Phase-Delay Versus Phase-Rotation Cells for Circular Polarization Transmit Arrays—Application to Satellite Ka-Band Beam Steering

Planar transmit arrays (TAs) have been an attractive solution as gain enhancers for various applications, e.g., satellite communications. The TA performance directly depends on its composing unit-cell characteristics. Planar unit cells can be categorized into two main types: phase-rotation (PR) and phase-delay (PD) cells. There is no hint in the literature about the relative merits of these two types of cells for circular polarization when assessing the final TA performance. This paper offers a systematic comparison between the cells’ working principles and analyzes their impacts on TA performance. Examples of a PR-based TA and a PD-based TA are designed for single-band wide-angle beam steering operating at the satellite Ka-band. They are evaluated by simulation and measurement to quantify performance differences. No previous work employed a PR TA for wide-angle beam steering. This paper shows that PR TA offers a filtering effect toward the cross-polarization component of the source. This leads to better axial ratio and combined 3 dB axial ratio and 3 dB gain bandwidth. However, PD cells are easier to design and insensitive to feed polarization. The analysis in this paper allows a more informed decision when selecting the unit-cell category for any given TA application.
Autocrine expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor ligand heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor in cervical cancer

In cervical cancer, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in 70–90% of the cases and has been associated with poor prognosis. EGFR-based therapy is currently being explored in cervical cancer. We investigated which EGFR ligand is primarily expressed in cervical cancer and which cell type functions as the major source of this ligand. We hypothesized that macrophages are the main source of EGFR ligands and that a paracrine loop between tumor cells and macrophages is responsible for ligand expression. mRNA expression analysis was performed on 32 cervical cancer cases to determine the expression of the EGFR ligands amphiregulin, β-cellulin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), epiregulin, heparinbinding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and transforming growth factor α (TGFα). Subsequently, protein expression was determined immunohistochemically on 36 additional cases. To assess whether macrophages are the major source of EGFR ligands, immunohistochemical double staining was performed on four representative tissue slides. Expression of the chemokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) was determined by mRNA in situ hybridization. Of the known EGFR ligands, HB-EGF had the highest mRNA expression and HB-EGF and EGFR protein expression were highly correlated. Tumor specimens with high EGFR expression showed higher numbers of macrophages, and higher expression of GM-CSF and CCL2, but only a small subset (9%) of macrophages was found to be HB-EGF-positive. Strikingly, 78% of cervical cancer specimens were found to express HB-EGF. Standardized assessment of staining intensity, using spectral imaging analysis, showed that HB-EGF expression was higher in the tumor compartment than in the stromal compartment. These results suggest that HB-EGF is an important EGFR ligand in cervical cancer and that cervical cancer cells are the predominant source of HB-EGF. Therefore, we propose an autocrine EGFR stimulation model in cervical carcinomas.
Decoding facial expressions based on face‐selective and motion‐sensitive areas

Humans can easily recognize others' facial expressions. Among the brain substrates that enable this ability, considerable attention has been paid to face‐selective areas; in contrast, whether motion‐sensitive areas, which clearly exhibit sensitivity to facial movements, are involved in facial expression recognition remained unclear. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study used multi‐voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) to explore facial expression decoding in both face‐selective and motion‐sensitive areas. In a block design experiment, participants viewed facial expressions of six basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, and surprise) in images, videos, and eyes‐obscured videos. Due to the use of multiple stimulus types, the impacts of facial motion and eye‐related information on facial expression decoding were also examined. It was found that motion‐sensitive areas showed significant responses to emotional expressions and that dynamic expressions could be successfully decoded in both face‐selective and motion‐sensitive areas. Compared with static stimuli, dynamic expressions elicited consistently higher neural responses and decoding performance in all regions. A significant decrease in both activation and decoding accuracy due to the absence of eye‐related information was also observed. Overall, the findings showed that emotional expressions are represented in motion‐sensitive areas in addition to conventional face‐selective areas, suggesting that motion‐sensitive regions may also effectively contribute to facial expression recognition. The results also suggested that facial motion and eye‐related information played important roles by carrying considerable expression information that could facilitate facial expression recognition. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3113–3125, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New chemical constituents from the Piper betle Linn. (Piperaceae)

Abstract The phytochemical investigation of chloroform extract from Piper betle var. haldia, Piperaceae, leaves has resulted in the isolation of two new chemical constituents which were identified as 1-n-dodecanyloxy resorcinol (H1) and desmethylenesqualenyl deoxy-cepharadione-A (H4), on the basis of spectroscopic data 1D NMR (1H and 13C) and 2D NMR (1H-1H COSY and HMBC) as well as ESI-MS, FT-IR and HR-ESI-MS analyses. Compounds H1 and H4 showed excellent antioxidant DPPH free radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 7.14 μg/mL and 8.08 μg/mL compared to ascorbic acid as a standard antioxidant drug with IC50 value of 2.52 μg/mL, respectively. Evaluation of cytotoxic activity against human hepatoma cell line (PLC-PRF-5) showed moderate effect with the GI50 values of 35.12 μg/mL for H1, 31.01 μg/mL for H4, compared to Doxorubicin® as a standard cytotoxic drug with GI50 value of 18.80 μg/mL.
Development of a 2-Nitrobenzoate-Sensing Bioreporter Based on an Inducible Gene Cluster

Based on the sole information of structural genes of the 2-nitrobenzoate (2NBA) utilizing catabolic gene cluster (onbX1X2FCAR1EHJIGDBX3), 2NBA-sensing bioreporters were constructed by incorporating egfp into the onb gene cluster of Cupriavidus sp. strain ST-14. Incorporation of reporter gene in proximal to the hypothesized promoter region in conjunction with the disruption of the gene encoding inducer-metabolizing enzyme was turned out to be advantageous in reporter gene expression at low inducer concentration. The bioreporter strain was capable of expressing EGFP from the very 1st hour of induction and could detect 2NBA at (sub) nanomolar level exhibiting a strict specificity toward 2NBA, displaying no response to EGFP expression from its meta- and para-isomers as well as from a number of structurally related compounds. The present study is a successful demonstration of the development of a 2NBA-sensing bioreporter with respect to ease of construction, inducer specificity, and sensitivity, without prior knowledge of the associated inducer-responsive promoter-regulator elements. The present approach can be used as a model for the development of bioreporters for other environmental pollutants.
A cross sectional analysis of the relationship between childhood obesity and craniofacial dimensions in a population receiving orthodontic treatment.

A CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHILDHOOD OBESITY AND CRANIOFACIAL DIMENSIONS IN A POPULATION RECEIVING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT Daniel M. Eves, D.M.D. April 7, 2005 The purpose of this study was to determine if obesity impacts craniofacial dimensions in adolescent and teenage subjects. Twenty-one cephalometric measurements were selected as a basis for comparison between normal weight, overweight and obese children. The subjects were weighed, measured, and placed into one of the three groups based on their Body Mass Index (BMI). Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken, traced and digitized on all patients. The various measurements were analyzed to determine if there were any statistically significant differences between any of the measurements when compared on the basis of BM! The following seven measurements showed a statistically significant difference when evaluated on the basis of BM! : SNA, maxillary unit length, SNB, corpus length, mandibular unit length, soft tissue convexity and soft tissue facial height ratio. Comparisons were also made on the basis of gender and age. Three of the measurements for gender showed a statistically significant difference: S-N, maxillary unit length and mandibular unit length. Similarly, three of the
Vision based lane detection and departure warning system

The increasing number of road accidents is a serious issue in front of modern society. Driver inattention, fatigue and drowsiness are the major causes of road accidents. Numerous methods have been proposed for lane detection and tracking. The main objective of this paper is comparison of three widely used lane detection techniques depending upon their similarities and differences, advantages and disadvantages. Hough transform, Road model and Fuzzy logic based techniques. Hough transform is most effective technique for detection of straight line with the advantage of having reduced logic area and memory utilization and high reliability. Model based techniques uses mathematical model for lane boundary fitting and requires very few parameters for lane representation because of this these systems are more robust against occlusion and missing data than feature based techniques. Fuzzy logic is very useful for drawing precise conclusions from imprecise input data and for solving problems which are difficult or impossible to model using exact mathematical model but can be easily solved by experience of human operator.
Teilflächenspezifische N-Düngung nach datenbankgestützten Entscheidungsregeln

Es wird ein Feldversuch vorgestellt, bei dem vier unterschiedliche Stickstoffdüngesysteme miteinander verglichen wurden. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Vorstellung einer Methode, zu der mit Hilfe von neuronalen Netzen aus Datenbankinformationen Entscheidungsregeln abgeleitet werden. Unter ökonomischen Gesichtspunkten erreicht diese Düngemethode das beste Ergebnis.
Morphology of the Bearded Seal (Erignathus barbatus) Muscular–Vibrissal Complex: A Functional Model for Phocid Subambient Pressure Generation

Bearded seals possess a broad muscular snout with large mystacial vibrissal fields that are involved in tactile sensation and prey identification. Although the microstructure of bearded seal vibrissae and their feeding performance have been investigated their orofacial morphology has not. Such morphological studies are important to understand the underlying mechanisms of feeding performance and to test proposed functional hypotheses. Therefore, the facial musculature was examined in bearded seals to test functional hypotheses regarding feeding performance. The orofacial musculature is composed primarily of three enlarged muscular layers, the M. levator nasolabialis, M. orbicularis oris, and M. buccinatorius (superficial), M. maxillonasolabialis (intermediate), and the M. lateralis nasi and M. dilator nasi (deep). The expansion of these muscles, the three dimensionality of the entire muscular array, the soft tissue insertions, and constant volume fit the model of a muscular hydrostat, and explains the detailed and varied mobility of their snout. An anastomosing network of CN VII innervates these facial muscles. The disproportionately large infraorbital nerve of CN V courses toward the snout and divides into numerous branches that penetrate the external capsule of every Follicle Sinus‐Complex. The anatomical evidence support that the M. orbicularis oris, M. buccinatorius, and M. maxillonasolabialis form a robust lateral lip complex that can occluded lateral gape during subambient pressure generation. The rostral portion of the M. orbicularis oris, M. dilator nasi, and M. mentalis function to pursue the rostral lips to form a circular aperture important for projecting steep pressure gradients rostral to the lips for prey acquisition. Anat Rec, 299:1043–1053, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.