Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stability Evaluation of Route Assignment Strategy by a Foresight-Route under a Decentralized Processing Environment

We propose a foresight-route-providing method based on anticipatory stigmergy for collecting near-future traffic positions. Even though traffic flow information is better than no traffic information, drivers still face dangerous congested traffic flow. Several approaches have addressed short-term traffic information in which a stigmergy-based approach is employed as an indirect communication method for cooperation among distributed agents and for managing traffic congestion. Recently, advances in Intelligent Transport Systems suggest a future in which vehicles handle their own positions. Our foresight-route-providing method combines a previous method that utilized the past travel times of vehicles for decentralized traffic congestion management. We assume that all vehicles collect dynamic traffic conditions in decentralized processing environments as real implementation environments during the simulations. In our simulations, we demonstrate that our assignment route strategies have the potential for significant efficiency and stability for traffic flow in decentralized processing environments that can collect dynamic traffic conditions from the previous few minutes and estimate the vehicle positions after a few minutes in only limited links. In this paper, we evaluate the differences between centralized and decentralized processing environments and investigate how the ratio of probe vehicles that are equipped with such devices as navigation systems is related to efficient and stable traffic flow. We confirmed that a route assignment strategy contributes to the stable efficiency of the total travel time. With more probe vehicles, assignment route strategies becomes efficient in our approach.
Classifying Web Pages with Visual Features

To automatically classify and process web pages, current systems use the textual content of those pages, including both the displayed content and the underlying (HTML) code. However, a very important feature of a web page is its visual appearance. In this paper, we show that using generic visual features we can classify the web pages for several different types of tasks. The features used in this document are simple color and edge histograms, Gabor and texture features. These were extracted using an off-the-shelf visual feature extraction method. In three experiments, we classify web pages based on their aesthetic value, their recency and the type of website. Results show that these simple, global visual features already produce good classification results. We also introduce an online tool that uses the trained classifiers to assess new web pages.
The Second Fundamental Theorem of Asset Pricing ? A New Approach

This article presents a new definition of market completeness that is independent of the notions of no arbitrage and equivalent martingale measures. Our definition has many advantages, all shown herein. First, it preserves the Second Fundamental Theorem of Asset Pricing, even in complex economies. Second, under our definition, the market can be complete yet arbitrage opportunities exist. This is important in practice, and stands in contrast to the traditional definitions. Third, under the assumptions of no arbitrage and when used in the standard models, our definition is equivalent to the traditional one. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.
Xylem structure and connectivity in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) shoots provides a passive mechanism for the spread of bacteria in grape plants.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bacterial leaf scorch occurring in a number of economically important plants is caused by the xylem-limited bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Xf). In grapevine, Xf systemic infection causes Pierce's disease and is lethal. Traditional dogma is that Xf movement between vessels requires the digestion of inter-vessel pit membranes. However, Yersinia enterocolitica (Ye) (a bacterium found in animals) and fluorescent beads moved rapidly within grapevine xylem from stem into leaf lamina, suggesting open conduits consisting of long, branched xylem vessels for passive movement. This study builds on and expands previous observations on the nature of these conduits and how they affect Xf movement. METHODS Air, latex paint and green fluorescence protein (GFP)-Xf were loaded into leaves and followed to confirm and identify these conduits. Leaf xylem anatomy was studied to determine the basis for the free and sometimes restricted movement of Ye, beads, air, paint and GFP-Xf into the lamina. KEY RESULTS Reverse loading experiments demonstrated that long, branched xylem vessels occurred exclusively in primary xylem. They were observed in the stem for three internodes before diverging into mature leaves. However, this stem-leaf connection was an age-dependent character and was absent for the first 10-12 leaves basal to the apical meristem. Free movement in leaf blade xylem was cell-type specific with vessels facilitating movement in the body of the blade and tracheids near the leaf margin. Air, latex paint and GFP-Xf all moved about 50-60% of the leaf length. GFP-Xf was never observed close to the leaf margin. CONCLUSIONS The open vessels of the primary xylem offered unimpeded long distance pathways bridging stem to leaves, possibly facilitating the spread of bacterial pathogens in planta. GFP-Xf never reached the leaf margins where scorching appeared, suggesting a signal targeting specific cells or a toxic build-up at hydathodes.
Inhibition of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) by Medicinal Plants in Relation to Their Phenolic Content

The cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) is one of the potential targets for anti-inflammatory drugs, since this enzyme plays a key role in the inflammation processes seen in health disorders, like asthma, allergic reactions, arthritis and neuronal diseases. In this study, cPLA2α inhibition by 43 methanol extracts from medicinal plants rich in polyphenols was determined. The eight most active extracts were derived from Ribes nigrum (IC50 of 27.7 µg/mL), Ononis spinosa (IC50 of 39.4 µg/mL), Urtica dioica (IC50 of 44.32 µg/mL), Betula sp. (IC50 of 58.02 µg/mL), Sanguisorba officinalis (IC50 of 76.25 µg/mL), Orthosiphon stamineus (IC50 of 78.83 µg/mL), Petasites hybridus (IC50 of 81.02 µg/mL) and Tussilago farfara (IC50 of 123.28 µg/mL). Additionally, the antioxidant activities of these extracts were determined with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and their phenolic content with the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. Antioxidant activity showed a non-linear, positive correlation to the phenolic content, but no correlation of PLA2α inhibition with phenolic content could be established. This study provides evidence that cPLA2α may be a relevant target for anti-inflammatory agents.
On the computation of graded components of Laurent polynomial rings

In this paper, we present several algorithms for dealing with graded components of Laurent polynomial rings. To be more precise, let $S$ be the Laurent polynomial ring $k[x_1,. ,x_{r},x_{r+1}^{\pm 1},. , x_n^{\pm 1}]$, $k$ algebraicaly closed field of characteristic 0. We define the multigrading of $S$ by an arbitrary finitely generated abelian group $A$. We construct a set of fans compatible with the multigrading and use this fans to compute the graded components of $S$ using polytopes. We give an algorithm to check whether the graded components of $S$ are finite dimensional. Regardless of the dimension, we determine a finite set of generators of each graded component as a module over the component of homogeneous polynomials of degree 0.
A novel "pearl box" cataract associated with a mutation in the connexin 46 (GJA3) gene

Purpose To undertake mutation screening in the connexin 46 (GJA3) gene in seven congenital cataract families of Indian origin. Methods Seven Indian families with congenital cataract were analyzed by detailed family history and clinical evaluation. Each family had two to five affected members. Mutation screening was carried out in the candidate gene, connexin 46 (GJA3), using bidirectional sequencing of amplified products. Segregation of the observed change with the disease phenotype was further tested by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Results Sequencing of the coding region of GJA3 showed the presence of a novel, heterozygous C260T change in one family (CC-472) who had two affected members. The cataract phenotype gave the appearance like a "pearl box" in these two affected individuals of this family. The observed C260T substitution created a novel restriction enzyme site for NlaIII and resulted in substitution of highly conserved threonine at position 87 by methionine (T87M). NlaIII restriction digestion analysis revealed this nucleotide change was not in unaffected members of this family or in 100 unrelated control subjects (200 chromosomes) with the same ethnic background. Conclusions This is a novel mutation identified in the second transmembrane domain of the connexin 46. These findings thus expand the mutation spectrum of the GJA3 in association with congenital cataract.
Enhancing QoS of voice over WLANs

Voice over IP (VoIP) service is emerging as a popular application in wireless local area networks (WLANs). However, the existing rate adaptation (or link adaptation) schemes for WLANs have been developed to improve the throughput of data traffic, not the quality of service (QoS) of VoIP traffic. In this paper, we investigate the characteristics of VoIP traffic and the limitations of state-of-the-art rate adaptation schemes, and then enhance the QoS of voice over WLANs (VoWLANs) by ameliorating the existing rate adaptation schemes. Specifically, we design fast decrease to control the transmission rate of retransmissions, and retry scheduling to avoid the deep fading of the wireless channel as well as hidden terminal interference. We comparatively evaluate the QoS of the revised rate adaptation schemes via ns-3 simulations and MadWiFi implementations in various communication environments, and demonstrate that the proposed scheme improves the R-score performance by up to 80% depending on the network scenarios.
Kinetics of muller's ratchet from adaptive landscape viewpoint

Background: The accumulation of deleterious mutations of a population directly contributes to the fate as to how long the population would exist. Muller's ratchet provides a quantitative framework to study the effect of accumulation. Adaptive landscape as a powerful concept in system biology provides a handle to describe complex and rare biological events. In this article we study the evolutionary process of a population exposed to Muller's ratchet from the new viewpoint of adaptive landscape which allows us estimate the single click of the ratchet starting with an intuitive understanding.
Ghost Pulse Suppression in Quasi-Linear Optical Data Transmission Systems via Constrained Coding

Nonlinear effects play an essential role in modern high-speed dispersion-managed optical links. In this paper, a popular class of systems limited by the so-called "ghost pulses" resulting from intrachannel four-wave mixing (IFWM) is considered. In previous work, a potential data rate improvement of about 50% was demonstrated through the application of constrained coding. Here, we show that the choice of the coding scheme is important. Since IFWM is highly pattern-dependent, codes with certain statistical properties reduce the ghost pulse formation and yield a lower probability of error. Our qualitative conclusions are confirmed by numerical simulations
Behavioral Responses to Pain Are Heightened After Clustered Care in Preterm Infants Born Between 30 and 32 Weeks Gestational Age

ObjectiveTo compare biobehavioral pain responses of preterm infants born at differing gestational ages (GAs) when pain was preceded by a rest period or by a series of routine nursing interventions. MethodsIn a randomized, within subjects, cross-over design, facial (Neonatal Facial Coding System), sleep/wake state and heart rate (HR) responses of 43 preterm infants [mean birth weight: 1303 g (range 590 g to 2345 g); mean GA at birth: 30 weeks (range 25 to 32)] were examined across 3 phases of blood collection (Baseline, Lance, and Recovery) under 2 conditions: pain after a 30-minute rest period versus pain after a series of routine nursing interventions (clustered care). Infant behavioral responses were coded from continuous bedside videotapes. HR was analyzed using custom physiologic signal processing software. ResultsInfants born at earlier GA (<30 wk) had equally intense facial responses during the Lance phase regardless of condition. However, later born infants (≥30 wk GA) showed heightened facial responses indicative of sensitized responses during blood collection when it was preceded by clustered care (P=0.05). Moreover, later born infants had significantly lower facial (P=0.05) and HR (P=0.04) reactivity during Recovery when blood collection followed clustered care. DiscussionEarlier born preterm infants showed heightened states of arousal and poor ability to modulate HR during Recovery when an invasive procedure was preceded by routine tactile nursing procedures. Alternatively, later born infants exhibited sensitized responses when clustered care preceded blood collection. Our findings support the importance of cue based individualized approaches to care.
The Different Effects on Recognition Memory of Perirhinal Kainate and NMDA Glutamate Receptor Antagonism: Implications for Underlying Plasticity Mechanisms

To investigate the involvement of different types of glutamate receptors in recognition memory, selective antagonists of NMDA and kainate receptors were locally infused into the perirhinal cortex of the rat temporal lobe. Such infusion of a selective kainate receptor antagonist produced an unusual pattern of recognition memory impairment: amnesia after a short (20 min) but not a long (24 h) delay. In contrast, antagonism of perirhinal NMDA glutamate receptors by locally infused AP-5 (2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid) impaired recognition memory after the long but not the short delay. For both drugs, impairment was found when the drug was present during acquisition but not when it was present during retrieval. Experiments in vitro indicate that selective antagonism of NMDA receptors containing NR2A subunits blocks perirhinal long-term potentiation (LTP), whereas antagonism of NMDA receptors containing NR2B subunits blocks long-term depression (LTD). However, recognition memory after a 24 h delay was impaired only when both an NR2A and an NR2B antagonist were infused together, not when either was infused separately. These results establish that kainate receptors have a role in recognition memory that is distinct from that of NMDA receptors, that there must be at least two independent underlying memory mechanisms in the infused region, that this region and no other is necessary for both short-term and long-term familiarity discrimination, and that perirhinal-dependent long-term recognition memory does not rely solely on processes used in NMDA-dependent LTP or LTD (although it might be independently supported by components of each type of process with one substituting for the other).
Joint European League Against Rheumatism and European Renal Association–European Dialysis and Transplant Association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of adult and paediatric lupus nephritis

Objectives To develop recommendations for the management of adult and paediatric lupus nephritis (LN). Methods The available evidence was systematically reviewed using the PubMed database. A modified Delphi method was used to compile questions, elicit expert opinions and reach consensus. Results Immunosuppressive treatment should be guided by renal biopsy, and aiming for complete renal response (proteinuria <0.5 g/24 h with normal or near-normal renal function). Hydroxychloroquine is recommended for all patients with LN. Because of a more favourable efficacy/toxicity ratio, as initial treatment for patients with class III–IVA or A/C (±V) LN according to the International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society 2003 classification, mycophenolic acid (MPA) or low-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide (CY) in combination with glucocorticoids is recommended. In patients with adverse clinical or histological features, CY can be prescribed at higher doses, while azathioprine is an alternative for milder cases. For pure class V LN with nephrotic-range proteinuria, MPA in combination with oral glucocorticoids is recommended as initial treatment. In patients improving after initial treatment, subsequent immunosuppression with MPA or azathioprine is recommended for at least 3 years; in such cases, initial treatment with MPA should be followed by MPA. For MPA or CY failures, switching to the other agent, or to rituximab, is the suggested course of action. In anticipation of pregnancy, patients should be switched to appropriate medications without reducing the intensity of treatment. There is no evidence to suggest that management of LN should differ in children versus adults. Conclusions Recommendations for the management of LN were developed using an evidence-based approach followed by expert consensus.
Panel Data Analysis of the FDI Spillover Effect on Economic Growth of 12 Asian Countries

Using cross-section data relating to a sample of 12 Asian developing countries with relative higher FDI inflows from 1980-2005, we show that FDI by itself contributes to the economic growth. But the regression result of the inward FDI flows as a percentage of Gross Fixed Capital Formation, that is, the variable SHARE is not so robust related to the economic growth. Other factors also work in the economic growth.
Design and control of switched reluctance motor drive for electric vehicles

Switched reluctance motor (SRM) has the features of large starting torque, wide speed range and high reliability, which are appropriate for electric vehicles (EVs). A three-phase 12/8 pole SRM is designed for EVs application. The dynamic simulation model of SRM is built in Matlab/Simulink based on the flux linkage and torque characteristics. The EV simulation model is built combining SRM dynamic simulation model with vehicle dynamics equations by the forward simulation algorithm. Fix angle current chopping control (FA-CCC) is adopted in constant torque area, and adaptive variable angle current chopping control (AVA-CCC) is proposed in constant power area to widen the constant power speed range. Simulation analysis and experiment test results have been presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed control strategies.
Mixed covering arrays on graphs

Covering arrays have applications in software, network and circuit testing. In this article, we consider a generalization of covering arrays that allows mixed alphabet sizes as well as a graph structure that specifies the pairwise interactions that need to be tested. Let k and n be positive integers, and let G be a graph with k vertices v1,v2,…, vk with respective vertex weights g1 ≤ g2 ≤ … ≤ gk. A mixed covering array on G, denoted by $CA( {n,G,\;\prod\nolimits_{i = 1}^k {g_i } } )$, is an n × k array such that column i corresponds to vi, cells in column i are filled with elements from ℤgi and every pair of columns i,j corresponding to an edge vi,vj in G has every possible pair from ℤgi × ℤgj appearing in some row. The number of rows in such array is called its size. Given a weighted graph G, a mixed covering array on G with minimum size is called optimal. In this article, we give upper and lower bounds on the size of mixed covering arrays on graphs based on graph homomorphisms. We provide constructions for covering arrays on graphs based on basic graph operations. In particular, we construct optimal mixed covering arrays on trees, cycles and bipartite graphs; the constructed optimal objects have the additional property of being nearly point balanced. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 15: 393–404, 2007
Studies on the antioxidant and free radical-scavenging effect of sinapic acid: An in vivo and in vitro model

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the circulating antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E and GSH in arsenic induced toxicity in rats and in vitro free radical scavenging assay. In this investigation, arsenic (5 mg/kg body weight (b.w) was administered orally for 30 days to induce toxicity. Sinapic acid was administered orally (40 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days with oral administration of arsenic. The toxic effect of arsenic was indicated by significantly decreased levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants like vitamin C, vitamin E and reduced glutathione. Treatment with sinapic acid exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) reversal of arsenic induced toxicity in rats. The free radical scavenging properties of sinapic acid at different concentrations (10-50uM) were investigated with various in vitro methods such as 2, 2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2, 2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion scavenging activity and reducing power. Among the different concentrations, 50 μM of sinapic acid was more effective compared to other concentrations in all in vitro assays. Based on these findings, sinapic acid possesses potent in vivo and in vitro antioxidant activity and also effective free radical scavenger, augmenting its therapeutic value.
Behavior-Aware Integrated CPU-GPU Power Management for Mobile Games

Since game applications have spilled over on the modern mobile platforms equipped with Multiprocessor Systemon-Chips and highlighted the power consumption and battery life problem of these platforms, reducing the game power for mobile devices becomes meaningful. The design of independent CPU-GPU power managements in contemporary platforms results in power consumption waste due to the failure of consideration of CPU-GPU interaction and game workload behaviors. Through analyzing the Application-Operating System (APP-OS) interaction and CPU-GPU interaction, we extract the system-call information and OpenGL API information to characterize the game workload in a low-complexity way. In this paper, based on identifying the game workload behavior and performance bottleneck, we propose a behavior-aware integrated CPU-GPU power management approach for mobile games. We also implement our power saving policy in the real platform, where the evaluation results show that our behavior-aware policy can significantly reduce power and improve game performance. Our policy provides 18% and 5% higher power-efficiency on average compared with the current policy used in our platform and the state-of-the-art policy respectively.
Geometric Algebra-The mathematical language for Computational Engineering ?

This work reviews some current engineering applications of geometric algebra and observes the potential of this mathematical language to become a basis for a wide range of computational engineering applications. Geometric algebra unifies many other mathematical concepts like quaternions and projective geometry and is able to easily deal with geometric objects, operations and transformations. For computational engineering, not only these nice properties are important, but also the computational point-of-view. We describe the big potential of geometric algebra for optimizations leading to highly efficient implementations.