Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neural functions in cancer: Data analyses and database construction

Recent studies have revealed that neural functions are involved in possibly every aspect of a cancer development, serving as bridges connecting microenvironmental stressors, activities of intracellular subsystems, and cell survival. Elucidation of the functional roles played by the neural system could provide the missing links in developing a systems-level understanding of cancer biology. However, the existing information is highly fragmented and scattered across the literature and internet databases, making it difficult for cancer researchers to use. We have conducted computational analyses of transcriptomic data of cancer tissues in TCGA and tissues of healthy organs in GTEx, aiming to demonstrate how the functional roles by the neural genes could be derived and what non-neural functions they are associated with, across different stages of 26 cancer types. Several novel discoveries are made, including i) the expressions of certain neural genes can predict the prognosis of a cancer patient; ii) cancer metastasis tends to involve specific neural functions; iii) cancers of low survival rates involve more neural interactions than those with high survival rates; iv) more malignant cancers involve more complex neural functions; and v) neural functions are probably induced to alleviate stresses and help the associated cancer cells to survive. A database, called NGC, is developed for organizing such derived neural functions and associations, along with gene expressions and functional annotations collected from public databases, aiming to provide an integrated and publicly available information resource to enable cancer researchers to take full advantage of the relevant information in their research, facilitated by tools provided by NGC.
Effect of electric field distribution uniformity on electrospinning

Recent experiments demonstrated that the essential electrospinning mechanism is a rapidly whipping dielectric liquid jet in an electric field. The effects of three kinds of electric field distributions including a very nonuniform electric field, a slightly nonuniform electric field, and a uniform electric field were studied to analyze the influence of the electric field distribution on the electrospinning process and the fiber morphology. The average electric field strength Eav and the electric field nonuniformity coefficient f were used to describe the electric field. The results show that the length range of the straight jet path for stable electrospinning process was a function of the electric field distribution. The length of the jet straight part increased with the decreasing f. The initial angle of the looping envelope and the helical pitch decreased with decreasing f. The results also show that higher voltages can be used at the nozzle for a stable electrospinning when f is small. A higher voltage .
Establishment of a Highly Efficient In Vitro Propagation System of Diospyros lotus

Persimmon (Diospyros) is an economically important tree widely cultivated for woody grain production in China, and Diospyros lotus is mainly used as the grafting stock of persimmon. However, the breeding of stress-resistant rootstocks of D. lotus using molecular means has yet to be achieved; in particular, an efficient blade-regeneration system has not been perfected to date. This study examined the effects of different plant-growth regulators and concentrations on the primary culture of stems with buds, the induction of leaf callus, the differentiation of adventitious shoots, and rooting culture of D. lotus. The optimal formula for inducing axillary buds from stems with buds was 1/2 Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 0.5 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), in which the induction rate of axillary buds approached 67.1%. The best medium formula for leaf callus induction was 1/2 MS medium containing 2.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.5 mg/L NAA. Then callus was transferred to 1/2 MS medium containing 2.0 mg/L 6-(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino)purine (2iP), 2.0 mg/L thidizuron (TDZ), and 40 g/L sucrose to induce adventitious shoots after dark culture for 48 h, resulting in 7.9 shoots per explant and a 75.2% induction frequency of adventitious shoots. In addition, it was difficult to induce adventitious shoots from callus after six times of continuous transfer and differentiation. The adventitious shoots were transferred to 1/2 MS medium containing 2.0 mg/L zeatin (ZT) and 2.0 mg/L 2iP for proliferation culture, in which the multiplication coefficient approached 7.6. The adventitious shoots after multiplication were inoculated into 1/2 MS + 1.0 mg/L IBA + 0.5 mg/L NAA medium, the rooting rate was 70.2%, and the average number of heels was 9.6. Thus, studies in this area are expected to facilitate rapid and excellent growth, as well as theoretical support for factory saplings’ care and molecular breeding.
Effects of a Rehabilitation Program Combined with Pain Management That Targets Pain Perception and Activity Avoidance in Older Patients with Acute Vertebral Compression Fracture: a Randomised Controlled Trial

This study aimed to investigate the effect of a rehabilitation program combined with pain management targeting pain perception and activity avoidance on multifaceted outcomes in older patients with acute vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). We randomised 65 older adults with acute VCFs to either an intervention group (n = 32), involving usual rehabilitation combined with pain management that targeted pain perception and activity avoidance, or a control group (n = 33), involving only usual rehabilitation. The usual rehabilitation was initiated immediately after admission. All patients were treated conservatively. Pain management aimed to improve the patients' daily behaviour by increasing their daily activities despite pain, rather than by focusing on eliminating the pain. Pain intensity and psychological statuses such as depression, pain catastrophising, and physical activity levels were assessed on admission. Two weeks postadmission and at discharge, physical performance measures were assessed along with the above-given measurements. A significant main effect of the group was observed for the intensity of lower back pain, favouring the intervention group (F = 5.135, p = 0.027). At discharge, it was significantly better in the intervention group than in the control group (p = 0.011). A time-by-group interaction emerged for magnification of the pain catastrophising scale (p = 0.012), physical activity levels (p < 0.001), and six-minute walking distance (p = 0.006), all favouring the intervention group. Rehabilitation programs combined with pain management targeting pain perception and activity avoidance could be an effective conservative treatment for older patients with acute VCFs.
Pharmaceutical Company Targets and Strategies to Address Climate Change: Content Analysis of Public Reports from 20 Pharmaceutical Companies

The pharmaceutical industry produces a large proportion of health system greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, contributing to climate change. This urgently needs to be addressed. We aimed to examine pharmaceutical company climate change targets, GHG emissions, and strategies to reduce them. We performed content analysis of the 20 largest pharmaceutical companies’ publicly available 2020/2021 reports, focusing on extracting information on their reported climate change targets, GHG emissions (and whether companies had demonstrated any reduction in emissions over their reporting period), and strategies being implemented to reduce company emissions and meet their targets. Nineteen companies have committed to reducing GHG emissions, ten to carbon neutrality and eight to net zero emissions between 2025 and 2050. Companies showed largely favorable reductions in scope 1 (in-house) and scope 2 (purchased energy), with variable results in scope 3 (supply chain) emissions. Strategies to reduce emissions included optimizing manufacturing and distribution, and responsible sourcing of energy, water, and raw materials. Pharmaceutical companies are setting climate change targets and reporting reduced emissions via a range of strategies. This varies, with scope to track actions and accountability to targets, improve consistency of reporting, especially of scope 3 emissions, and collaborate on novel solutions. There is need for further mixed methods research on progress with achieving reported climate change targets, as well as implementation of strategies to reduce emissions within the pharmaceutical industry.
Synthesis of Disubstituted Carboxonium Derivatives of Closo-Decaborate Anion [2,6-B10H8O2CC6H5]−: Theoretical and Experimental Study

A comprehensive study focused on the preparation of disubstituted carboxonium derivatives of closo-decaborate anion [2,6-B10H8O2CC6H5]− was carried out. The proposed synthesis of the target product was based on the interaction between the anion [B10H11]− and benzoic acid C6H5COOH. It was shown that the formation of this product proceeds stepwise through the formation of a mono-substituted product [B10H9OC(OH)C6H5]−. In addition, an alternative one-step approach for obtaining the target derivative is postulated. The structure of tetrabutylammonium salts of carboxonium derivative ((C4H9)4N)[2,6-B10H8O2CC6H5] was established with the help of X-ray structure analysis. The reaction pathway for the formation of [2,6-B10H8O2CC6H5]− was investigated with the help of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This process has an electrophile induced nucleophilic substitution (EINS) mechanism, and intermediate anionic species play a key role. Such intermediates have a structure in which one boron atom coordinates two hydrogen atoms. The regioselectivity for the process of formation for the 2,6-isomer was also proved by theoretical calculations. Generally, in the experimental part, the simple and available approach for producing disubstituted carboxonium derivative was introduced, and the mechanism of this process was investigated with the help of theoretical calculations. The proposed approach can be applicable for the preparation of a wide range of disubstituted derivatives of closo-borate anions.
Nanobiotechnology-Enabled mRNA Stabilization

mRNA technology has attracted enormous interest due to its great therapeutic potential. Strategies that can stabilize fragile mRNA molecules are crucial for their widespread applications. There are numerous reviews on mRNA delivery, but few focus on the underlying causes of mRNA instability and how to tackle the instability issues. Herein, the recent progress in nanobiotechnology-enabled strategies for stabilizing mRNA and better delivery is reviewed. First, factors that destabilize mRNA are introduced. Second, nanobiotechnology-enabled strategies to stabilize mRNA molecules are reviewed, including molecular and nanotechnology approaches. The impact of formulation processing on mRNA stability and shelf-life, including freezing and lyophilization, are also briefly discussed. Lastly, our perspectives on challenges and future directions are presented. This review may provide useful guidelines for understanding the structure–function relationship and the rational design of nanobiotechnology for mRNA stability enhancement and mRNA technology development.
Carbon Dioxide Retrievals From NOMAD‐SO on ESA's ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter and Temperature Profiles Retrievals With the Hydrostatic Equilibrium Equation: 1. Description of the Method

The Solar Occultation (SO) channel of the Nadir and Occultation for Mars Discovery (NOMAD) instrument has been scanning the Martian atmosphere for almost 2 Martian years. In this work, we present a subset of the NOMAD SO data measured at the mesosphere at the terminator. From the data set, we investigated 968 vertical profiles of carbon dioxide density and temperature covering the Martian Year (MY) 35 as well as MY 36 up to a solar longitude (Ls) of 135° and altitudes around 60–100 km. While carbon dioxide density profiles are directly retrieved from the spectral signature in the spectra, temperature profiles are more challenging to retrieve as unlike density profiles, temperature profiles can present some spurious features if the regularization is not correctly managed. Comparing seven regularization methods, we found that the expected error estimation method provides the best regularization parameters. The vertical resolution of the profiles is on average 1.6 km. Numerous warm layers and cold pockets appear in this data set. The warm layers are found in the Northern hemisphere at dawn and dusk as well as in the Southern hemisphere at dawn. Strong warm layers are present in more than 13.5% of the profiles. The Southern hemisphere at dusk does not present any warm layer between Ls 50° and 150°. The height and latitudinal distribution of those warm layers were similar in MY 35 and MY 36 during the first half of the year (Ls = 0°–135°).
Inverse problems and conformal mapping

In this exposition we give a unified presentation of the conformal mapping technique that was developed over the last decade by Akduman et al. [I. Akduman and R. Kress, Electrostatic imaging via conformal mapping, Inverse Probl. 18 (2002), pp. 1659–1672; R. Kress, Inverse Dirichlet problem and conformal mapping, Math. Comput. Simul. 66 (2004), pp. 255–265; H. Haddar and R. Kress, Conformal mappings and inverse boundary value problems, Inverse Probl. 21 (2005), pp. 935–953; H. Haddar and R. Kress, Conformal mapping and an inverse impedance boundary value problem, J. Inverse Ill-Posed Probl. 14 (2006), pp. 785–804; H. Haddar and R. Kress, Conformal mapping and impedance tomography, Inverse Probl. 26 (2010), p. 074002] for the inverse problem to recover three different types of inclusions in a homogeneous conducting background medium from Cauchy data on the accessible exterior boundary. The main ingredient of this method is a nonlinear and nonlocal ordinary differential equation for boundary values of a holomorphic function in an annulus bounded by two concentric circles that maps this annulus conformally onto the unknown domain. Furthermore, in a concluding section we illustrate how this differential equation also can be applied to numerically construct conformal mappings for doubly connected domains including numerical examples.
Therapeutic targeting of HCMV-encoded chemokine receptor US28: Progress and challenges

The pervasive human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes significant morbidity in immunocompromised individuals. Treatment using the current standard-of-care (SOC) is limited by severe toxic adverse effects and anti-viral resistance development. Furthermore, they only affect HCMV in its lytic phase, meaning viral disease is not preventable as latent infection cannot be treated and the viral reservoirs persist. The viral chemokine receptor (vCKR) US28 encoded by HCMV has received much attention in recent years. This broad-spectrum receptor has proven to be a desirable target for development of novel therapeutics through exploitation of its ability to internalize and its role in maintaining latency. Importantly, it is expressed on the surface of infected cells during both lytic and latent infection. US28-targeting small molecules, single-domain antibodies, and fusion toxin proteins have been developed for different treatment strategies, e.g. forcing reactivation of latent virus or using internalization of US28 as a toxin shuttle to kill infected cells. These strategies show promise for providing ways to eliminate latent viral reservoirs and prevent HCMV disease in vulnerable patients. Here, we discuss the progress and challenges of targeting US28 to treat HCMV infection and its associated diseases.
Treatment with Soteria-elements in acute psychiatry—Effectiveness for acutely ill and voluntarily treated patients

Objective This article aims at evaluating the treatment outcomes of acute psychiatric patients before and after the implementation of Soteria-elements in an acute psychiatric ward. The implementation process resulted in an interconnected small locked and much larger open area, enabling continuous milieu therapeutic treatment by the same staff in both areas. This approach enabled the comparison of structural and conceptual reconstruction regarding treatment outcomes of all voluntarily treated acutely ill patients before (2016) and after (2019). A subgroup analysis focused on patients suffering from schizophrenia. Methods Using a pre-post design, the following parameters were examined: total treatment time, time in locked ward, time in open ward, antipsychotic discharge medication, re-admissions, discharge circumstances, and treatment continuation in day care clinic. Results Compared to 2016, there was no significant difference in the total time of stay in the hospital. However, data show a significant decrease of days spent in locked ward, a significant increase of days in open ward, a significant increase of treatment discontinuation but without an increase of re-admissions, and a significant interaction of diagnosis and year regarding the medication dosage, resulting altogether in a reduction of antipsychotic medication for patients suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Conclusion The implementation of Soteria-elements in an acute ward facilitates less potentially harmful treatments of psychotic patients, likewise enabling lower dosages of medication.
Antiperiodontitis Effects of Siegesbeckia glabrescens In Vitro

Siegesbeckia glabrescens is generally grown in fields or roadsides in Korea and used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The effects of S. glabrescens on periodontitis are unknown. In this study, we determined the effects of an S. glabrescens 30% EtOH extract (SGE) on periodontitis and analyzed the antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and SOD), antimicrobial (disc diffusion, MIC, and MBC), inhibition of GTFs, biofilm formation, and the anti-inflammation of lipopolysaccharide from P. gingivalis (LPS-PG)-induced primary equine periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs). We report that SGE increased DPPH, ABTS, and SOD antioxidant activities in a dose-dependent manner. SGE caused a clear zone with a diameter of 15 mm or more against periodontal pathogens. SGE (2.50 mg/mL) inhibited GTFs and biofilm by 89.07% and 85.40%, respectively. SGE treatment (100 µg/mL) also significantly decreased the secretion of inflammatory mediators in sensitized PDLF, including cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, -8, -9, and -13. Overall, we confirmed that SGE had excellent antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects against periodontal pathogens. These results suggest that it has the potential to develop as a prophylactic agent for periodontitis.
Perspective on the Application of Machine Learning Algorithms for Flow Parameter Estimation in Recycled Concrete Aggregate

The constantly expanding civilization and construction industry pose new challenges for a sustainable development economy. Aiming to protect the environment is often associated with waste management, thereby reducing the number of landfills. The management of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) from building demolition and its reuse in construction perfectly fits into this trend. The characteristics of post-industrial and recycled materials are not homogeneous as is usually the case with natural materials. This leads to a search for solutions to determine the parameters in the simplest possible manner and with as few resources as possible, while eliminating estimation risks. This task can be solved using machine learning, whose algorithms are increasingly used and developed in many areas of life and industry. The research in this study is aimed at comparing the effectiveness of k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithms in determining the permeability coefficient to a linear regression model. This parameter has an important role from the perspective of the application of RCA in civil engineering, particularly in earth construction. Two different RCA materials with different origins and properties were used in the study. The filtration test for each sample was pre-prepared using different compaction energies of 0.17 and 0.59 J/cm3 and for loosely packed samples. Differences in the structures of the test results are presented for both materials. The lowest prediction errors were obtained for the k-NN model. This algorithm obtained for the training sample a coefficient of determination (R2) equal to 0.947 and for the test sample an R2 equal to 0.980. In the case of ANN, the coefficient of determination was in the range of 0.877–0.936. An important part of the study was the interpretation with SHAP of the obtained models, allowing insight into which parameters influenced the predictions. That is significant and novel, considering the heterogeneity of the materials studied, and provides a rationale for further research in this area.
Boundary Conditions and Calculation of Surface Values for the General Two-Dimensional Electromagnetic Induction Problem

Summary General boundary conditions for the problem of electromagnetic induction in a two-dimensional model of a conductor with an arbitrary sub-surface conductivity structure are considered. Program subroutines for both E-polarization and H-polarization cases are given. These boundary condition subroutines can be used to replace the previously presented subroutines and allow the solution of any conductivity configuration within the conducting region by use of the same numerical technique. An example of a particular model with a sub-surface step structure is illustrated. Also, an improved method of calculating the surface values of the tangential component of the H-field (E-case) and the tangential component of the E-field (H-case) at the surface of the conducting region is given for the numerical solution. This new method uses a derivative approximated from the true functional form of the fields instead of a linear approximation and may be applied when a layered or subsurface anomaly is modelled. Some general discussion of the numerical method is given. At present there is considerable interest in the solution of the problem of electromagnetic induction in the Earth and the local perturbations of the fields when a lateral inhomogeneity is encountered. Jones & Price (1970) considered a twodimensional problem with a conducting half-space made up of two quarter-spaces of different conductivity, and Jones & Price (1971) considered a surface or buried region of rectangular cross-section of one conductivity surrounded by a region of different conductivity. Jones & Pascoe (1971) extended this work to consider a region of arbitrary shape and of several conductivities surrounded by a region of different conductivity and gave computer programs for the numerical solution of this problem for both the E-polarization (E parallel to the strike of the structure) and the H-polarization (H parallel to the strike of the structure) cases. The programs given by Jones & Pascoe (1971) may be used to consider long cylinders composed of several conductivities and of arbitrary cross-section embedded in a region of uniform conductivity, but cannot be used to solve the problem in which the surrounding region is not uniform. It is important to be able to solve the more general case in which the surrounding medium is a layered one and is not necessarily the same at great distances from the conductivity inhomogeneities on both sides. In