Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The transmission of knowledge, emerging networks, and the role of universities: An evolutionary approach

Research organizations within enterprises and universities are part of a (regional) innovation system (RIS). An important question concerns the nature of the relation between an RIS and regional economic growth. To be more specific: how to organize the transfer of information and knowledge? How is this related to embeddedness? Networks are organizational configurations that perform two functions: co-ordination and transmission. Both are important for the generation and transfer of knowledge. Networks consist of 'nodes', 'connections' and 'intensities of transfer'. Firms can be conceived of as 'nodes' consisting of 'bundles' of functions, forms of organizations, and technologies. Different parts of firms can participate differently in different networks. The transfer of knowledge is only one aspect of the functioning of firms and networks. Relations between firms are not static; 'embedded relational dynamics' would be a better description. The changing 'selection environment' requires the continuous adjustment of 'nodes', which in turn influence the connections and the intensities. Networks develop as 'emergent and embedded structures' with new varieties of innovation. Planning is an exception. Competition, the heterogeneous distribution of knowledge, and the diffusion of innovation are the prime movers of relations, resulting in economic growth. The structure of a network and its dynamics influence the diffusion of innovation. The precise nature of the transfer of information and knowledge also depends on the technology trajectory, the stage of a particular technological development path, and the nature of embeddedness. Universities can be important 'nodes' in the emerging innovation networks, in particular as 'producers' of human capital.
Specific heat discontinuity, ΔC, at Tc in BaFe2(As0.7P0.3)2—consistent with unconventional superconductivity

We report the specific heat discontinuity, ΔC/Tc, at Tc = 28.2 K of a collage of single crystals of BaFe2(As0.7P0.3)2 and compare the measured value of 38.5 mJ mol − 1 K − 2 with other iron pnictide and iron chalcogenide (FePn/Ch) superconductors. This value agrees well with the trend established by Bud’ko, Ni and Canfield, who found that for 14 examples of doped Ba1 − xKxFe2As2 and BaFe2 − xTMxAs2, where the transition metal TM = Co and Ni. We extend their analysis to include all the FePn/Ch superconductors for which ΔC/Tc is currently known and find and a = 0.083 mJ mol − 1 K − 4. A comparison with the elemental superconductors with Tc > 1 K and with A-15 superconductors shows that, contrary to the FePn/Ch superconductors, electron–phonon-coupled conventional superconductors exhibit a significantly different dependence of ΔC on Tc, namely . However ΔC/γTc appears to be comparable in all three classes (FePn/Ch, elemental and A-15) of superconductors with, for example, ΔC/γTc = 2.4 for BaFe2(As0.7P0.3)2. A discussion of the possible implications of these phenomenological comparisons for the unconventional superconductivity believed to exist in the FePn/Ch is given.
Innovation in Artworks and its Reception: A Phenomenological Approach

This paper seeks to explain the reception of a novel idea in artworks from a phenomenological perspective, with special reference to creativity in oil painting. It argues that whether a new idea in artwork is accepted or not by the community is a matter of subjective interpretation. Based on human agency theories put forwarded by Max Weber and Alfred Schutz, this paper uses the concept of intersubjective understanding to explain how innovative works are interpreted and accepted by the community. The phenomenological approach to understand an artwork is illustrated by oil paintings of Pablo Picasso and Vincent van Gogh.
Transitions into Permanent Employment in Spain: An Empirical Analysis for Young Workers

We analyze the Spanish temporary workers’ transitions into permanent employment and to what extent those who become unemployed are able to achieve a permanent job. Our focus is placed on the role of the individual’s sequence of temporary contracts on the probability of moving from temporary into permanent employment. We apply multiple-spell duration techniques to a longitudinal dataset of temporary workers obtained from Social Security records for the period 1996-2003. We basically find that even though transitions into permanent employment increase with tenure, temporary jobs do not constitute stepping stones towards permanent employment, since the probability of obtaining a permanent job decreases with repeated temporary jobs. Results also show that individuals with high duration of unemployment flow into permanent work less frequently.
Private Funder Perspectives on Local Social and Environmental Impacts in ‘Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation+’

Abstract ‘Reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation' (REDD+) is a mechanism for developed countries to compensate developing countries for reducing forest loss. At present, REDD+ is underfunded, due in part to a lack of private funding caused by the absence of a compliance market for REDD+ credits. One of the obstacles in creating a compliance market is a concern that private funders will capture profits for themselves at the expense of local welfare. To date, however, little research has been done to assess this risk. This study helps to fill this gap by investigating the motives of current and potential future private REDD+ funders. Interview results indicate that most current funders have sought positive local social impacts, both to mitigate the risk of deforestation and to demonstrate social benefits for marketing purposes. The risk mitigation motive could exist in a compliance market, depending on how contractual arrangements distribute risk along the supply chain. However, respondents suggested that the social marketing motive would be diminished in a compliance market, because compliance buyers would prioritize credit price and volume over reputational benefits. There is a need for further research that examines whether these reported motives correlate with actual firm behaviour and how this might inform future REDD+ governance.
Long-Term Follow-Up in Children with Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome

A prospective study was performed in order to evaluate the efficacy of oral cyclophosphamide and chlorambucil in inducing a remission in children with steroid-resistant primary nephrotic syndrome (NS). Out of 215 children with steroid-resistant primary NS, 164 had been followed from one to 10 years. The children had a mean age of 8.2 years, with a range from one to 16 years. Steroid resistance was more common in children over six years of age compared with the other age groups. Hematuria was seen in 68 of the 164 children (41%); hypertension in 41 (25%); and hyperlipidemia in 112 (68%). Hypocomplementemia was noted in 24 of the 65 (37%) children in whom complement concentrations were determined. Renal biopsy was performed in 117 of the children. Pathologic changes consisted of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) in 14 children (12%), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) in 45 (38%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in 20 (25%), mesangial proliferation (MP) in 23 (20%), and membranous glomerulonephritis in six children (5%). Cyclophosphamide (2 mg/kg/day) was given to 164 patients, with complete remission and partial remission rates of 20.7% (34 of 164 children) and 24.4% (40 of 164 children), respectively. In this group, sustained remission and sustained partial remission rates were found in 20% (32 children) and 13% (21 children), respectively. Chlorambucil was given to 40 children with steroid- and cyclophosphamide-resistant nephrotic syndrome, with total remission and partial remission rates of 20% (eight children), and 12.5% (five children), respectively. These rates did not change during the follow-up. Thus, cyclophosphamide is valuable in the treatment of children with steroid-resistant NS with a variety of histologic changes.
Teen Drinking and Education Attainment: Evidence from Two-Sample Instrumental Variables (Tsiv) Estimates

Recent research has suggested that one of the important consequences of teen drinking is reduced scholastic achievement and that state excise taxes on beer and minimum legal drinking ages (MLDA) as policy instruments can have a positive impact on educational attainment. But there is reason to ask whether the results are empirically sound. Prior research as assumed the decision to drink is made independently of schooling decisions and estimations that have recognized potential simultaneity in these decisions may be poorly identified since they rely only on the cross-state variation in beer taxes and MLDA as exogenous determinants of teen drinking. A more convincing strategy would rely on the within-state variation in alcohol availability over time. We use the increases in the state MLDA during the late 70&apos;s and 80&apos;s as an exogenous source of variation in teen drinking. Using data from the 1977-92 Monitoring the Future (MTF) surveys, we show that teens with an MLDA of 18 were more likely to drink than teens with a higher drinking age. If teen drinking did reduce educational attainment then it should have risen within a state after the MLDA was increased. Using data from over 1.3 million respondents from the 1960-1969 birth cohorts in the 1990 Public-Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) we find that changes in the MLDA had small effects on educational attainment measured by high school completion, college entrance and completion. A new method developed by Angrist and Krueger (1992, 1995) lets us tie these results together. Using matched cohorts from the MTF and PUMS data sets, we report two-sample instrumental variables (TSIV) estimates of the effect of teen drinking on educational attainment. These estimates are smaller than corresponding single-equation probit estimates, indicating that teen drinking does not have an independent effect on educational attainment.
Towards patterns tree of gene coexpression in eukaryotic species

MOTIVATION Cellular pathways behave coordinated regulation activity, and some reported works also have affirmed that genes in the same pathway have similar expression pattern. However, the complexity of biological systems regulation actually causes expression relationships between genes to display multiple patterns, such as linear, non-linear, local, global, linear with time-delayed, non-linear with time-delayed, monotonic and non-monotonic, which should be the explicit representation of cellular inner regulation mechanism in mRNA level. To investigate the relationship between different patterns, our work aims to systematically reveal gene-expression relationship patterns in cellular pathways and to check for the existence of dominating gene-expression pattern. By a large scale analysis of genes expression in three eukaryotic species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans and Human, we constructed gene coexpression patterns tree to systematically and hierarchically illustrate the different patterns and their interrelations. RESULTS The results show that the linear is the dominating expression pattern in the same pathway. The time-shifted pattern is another important relationship pattern. Many genes from the different pathway also present coexpression patterns. The non-linear, non-monotonic and time-delayed relationship patterns reflect the remote interactions between the genes in cellular processes. Gene coexpression phenomena in the same pathways are diverse in different species. Genes in S.cerevisiae and C.elegans present strong coexpression relationships, especially in C.elegans, coexpression is more universal and stronger due to its special array of genes. However in Human, gene coexpression is not apparent and the human genome involves more complicated functional relationships. In conclusion, different patterns corresponding to different coordinating behaviors coexist. The patterns trees of different species give us comprehensive insight and understanding of genes expression activity in the cellular society.
Policy Polarization among Party Elites and the Significance of Political Awareness in the Mass Public

This article analyzes opinions about abortion, racial, and social welfare policies, comparing their determinants among citizens with different levels of political information over the past several decades. Hypothesizing that growing elite partisan polarization may have exacerbated the political implications of differences in political awareness, the authors examine how increasing clarity of party—policy linkages among political elites influences party—policy linkages in the mass public. The results show that only the well informed responded to the growing elite polarization by becoming more partisan in their opinions. Apparently, in the absence of the motivation to develop coherent opinions, even a simplification of the political environment does not close the gaps between those who are more and less aware about politics.
INTERLEUKIN-9 AND -13 INHIBIT SPONTANEOUS AND CORTICOSTEROID INDUCED APOPTOSIS OF NORMAL AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS

The airway epithelium is the target of physical and allergic insults. The resulting inflammatory signals from Th2 cytokines including interleukin (IL)-9 and IL-13 have pleiotropic activities and have been implicated in airway remodeling in asthmatics. The objective of this study was to determine the role of IL-9 and IL-13 in the regulation of normal airway epithelial cell death and epithelial repair. In a cell culture model, a normal human airway epithelial cell line and primary airway epithelial cells were treated with IL-9 or IL-13 alone and in combination. Apoptosis was determined by multiple techniques, including enrichment of nucleosomes released into the cytoplasm, mitochondrial membrane polarity perturbation, cytosolic cytochrome c released and the detection of cleaved p85-poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP). Proliferation was quantified by BrdU incorporation. IL-9 and IL-13 treatment, alone and in combination, resulted in a significant reduction in spontaneous airway epithelial cell apoptosis when compared to controls. The cytoprotective effect of IL-9 was associated with up-regulation of the antiapoptotic molecule Bcl-2. IL-13 also demonstrated coordinate pro-proliferative activity . Dexamethasone induces apoptosis in airway epithelial cells. Coincubation with IL-9 or IL-13 was protective against this corticosteroid-induced apoptosis by up-regulation of Bcl-2. These data demonstrate that IL-9 and IL-13 may be critical to normal cellular homeostasis in the setting of airway epithelial injury. A dysregulated response to these cytokines may contribute to airway remodeling in asthma.
Should I Stay or Should I Go? The Impact of Natural Disasters and Regulation on U.S. Property Insurers’ Supply Decisions

In this article, we identify the main factors that drive insurers’ willingness to offer coverage in catastrophe‐prone property insurance lines. We compare insurers’ supply decisions in personal and commercial lines, with an emphasis on insurers’ responses in the aftermath of natural disasters. Our empirical results suggest important policy implications with regard to improving the availability of insurance against catastrophic threats. Concerning the impact of regulatory constraints, we present empirical evidence that certain regulatory responses may unintentionally impede insurers’ willingness to provide coverage against natural disasters.
Lyme disease presenting with multiple erythema migrans lesions: an illustrative case

A 39‐year‐old, previously healthy male park ranger presented to the emergency room with a 24‐h history of a rapidly progressive, widespread, painful skin eruption associated with severe viral illness‐like symptoms of fever as high as 40 °C, generalized migratory arthralgias, exhaustion, and malaise with prostration. On physical examination, confluent urticarial plaques, many with dusky and bruise‐like central discoloration, were observed involving approximately 90% of the skin, sparing the scalp, palms, and soles ( Fig. 1 ). He was febrile with a temperature of 39 °C, and had signs of dehydration with orthostatic hypotension. Physical examination, including cardiovascular and neurologic examination, was otherwise normal. There was no evidence of lymphadenopathy.
Applying Capability Index to the Supply Network Analysis

Abstract Supply Chain Management (SCM) adopts a systematic and integrative approach to managing the operations and relationships of various parties in a supply chain. The objective of the SCM is to reduce inventory costs and increase customer satisfaction levels. Supply chains span from raw materials to manufacturing, distribution, transportation, warehousing, and retailers for product sales. The ultimate goal of supply chain coordination is to maximize the benefits of the whole supply chain. One way of doing that is to synchronize delivery performance. To evaluate the delivery performance of a supply chain network, the supply chain process can be decomposed into detailed business processes. This paper investigates supply chain performance based on the capability index, Spk, which establishes the relationship between customer specification and actual process performance, providing an exact measure of process yield. A case from the thin-film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) industry is used to demonstrate the proposed methodology.
Subchannel and Transmission Mode Scheduling for D2D Communication in OFDMA Networks

We study an opportunistic subchannel scheduling and transmission mode selection problem for the OFDMA system with device-to-device (D2D) communication. We allow D2D users to opportunistically select its transmission mode between two transmission modes: direct transmission between D2D users (direct one- hop transmission) and indirect transmission through the BS (indirect two-hop transmission). We develop a framework with which opportunistic transmission mode selection can be modeled as opportunistic subchannel scheduling, which enables our problem to be reduced to an opportunistic subchannel scheduling problem. We formulate a stochastic optimization problem that aims to maximize the average sum-rate of the system, while satisfying the quality-of-service (QoS) requirement of each user. By solving the problem, we develop an optimal opportunistic subchannel scheduling algorithm, which enables us to perform both subchannel scheduling and transmission mode selection opportunistically.
Regional attachment and support for European integration

The European Union has evolved into a system of multilevel governance. EU actions have facilitated the involvement of regional/subnational authorities in EU policy formulation and implementation, thus enabling a downward shift in competencies toward subnational authorities. In this article, I argue that regional attachment facilitates support for European integration. Specifically, I show that individuals holding inclusive regional attachment sentiments perceive EU policies that result in the empowerment of subnational authorities in a positive light. In the process, these individuals are more likely to be supportive of European integration. This article’s findings contribute to the literature on public opinion and European integration by exploring regionalist sources of support for European integration. Moreover, these findings contribute to the growing research on the emergence of a ‘Europe of the regions. ’
Fatal Scopulariopsis brumptii in a Pediatric Immunocompromised Host

ABSTRACT Scopulariopsis species cause a broad range of disease, from superficial skin infections to often fatal disseminated disease in the immunocompromised that is refractory to standard antifungal treatment. This report describes the first case of fatal disseminated Scopulariopsis brumptii in a pediatric patient with hyper-IgM syndrome status post bone marrow transplant.
Abatacept: A Novel Treatment for Moderate‐to‐Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that often leads to functional disability and reduced quality of life. The pathogenesis of synovial inflammation that is associated with this disease is thought to result from T‐cell activation. To become fully activated, T cells require an antigen‐specific signal through the T‐cell receptor and a second signal through a costimulatory receptor. Abatacept is the first drug in a new class of disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) known as selective costimulation modulators. Costimulation modulators block the second signal and decrease T‐cell activation. Abatacept has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for reducing signs and symptoms, inducing major clinical response, slowing the progression of structural damage, and improving physical function in adults with moderate‐to‐severe active rheumatoid arthritis who have had an inadequate response to at least one other DMARD, such as methotrexate or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α inhibitors. Randomized controlled trials have shown that abatacept improves both clinical outcomes and health‐related quality of life in patients who have had an inadequate response to other DMARDs. Abatacept has been shown to be well tolerated. In clinical trials, however, abatacept treatment was associated with a higher rate of infections compared with placebo. This finding was compounded when abatacept was used with TNF‐α inhibitors; thus, this combination should be avoided. Abatacept appears to be a useful treatment option for patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have previously failed other DMARDs. However, additional clinical trials evaluating its long‐term effect on patient safety and disease outcomes are needed.
Early Subchondral Bone Loss at Arthritis Onset Predicted Late Arthritis Severity in a Rat Arthritis Model

Synovitis is usually observed before loss of articular function in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In addition to the synovium and according to the “Inside–Outside” theory, bone compartment is also involved in RA pathogenesis. Then, we investigated time dependent articular bone loss and prediction of early bone loss to late arthritis severity on the rat adjuvant‐induced arthritis (AIA) model. Lewis female rats were longitudinally monitored from arthritis induction (day 0), with early (day 10) and late (day 17) steps. Trabecular and cortical microarchitecture parameters of four ankle bones were assessed by microcomputed tomography. Gene expression was determined at sacrifice. Arthritis occurred at day 10 in AIA rats. At this time, bone erosions were detected on four ankle bones, with cortical porosity increase (+67%) and trabecular alterations including bone volume fraction (BV/TV: −13%), and trabecular thickness decrease. Navicular bone assessment was the most reproducible and sensitive. Furthermore, strong correlations were observed between bone alterations at day 10 and arthritis severity or bone loss at day 17, including predictability of day 10 BV/TV to day 17 articular index (R2 = 0.76). Finally, gene expression at day 17 confirmed massive osteoclast activation and interestingly provided insights on strong activation of bone formation inhibitor markers at the joint level. In rat AIA, bone loss was already observed at synovitis onset and was predicted late arthritis severity. Our results reinforced the key role of subchondral bone in arthritis pathogenesis, in favour to the “Inside–Outside” theory. Mechanisms of bone loss in rat AIA involved resorption activation and formation inhibition changes. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1318–1325, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.