Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Artificial Neural Network Towards the Number of Particles of Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filter using Laser Distance Sensor

—Rao-Blackwellized particle filter (RBPF) algorithm aims to solve the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) problem. The performance of RBPF is based on the number of particles. The higher the number of particles, the better the performance of RBPF. However, higher number of particles required high memory and computational cost. Nevertheless, the number of particles can be reduced by using high-end sensor. By using high-end sensor, high performance of RBPF can be achieved and reduced the number of particles. But the development of the robot came at a high cost. A robot can be equipped with low-cost sensor in order to reduce the overall cost of the robot. However, low-cost sensor presented challenges of creating good map accuracy due to the low accuracy of the sensor measurement. For that reason, RBPF is integrated with artificial neural network (ANN) to interpret noisy sensor measurements and achieved better accuracy in SLAM. In this paper, RBPF integrated with ANN is experimented by using Turtlebot3 in real-world experiment. The experiment is evaluated by comparing the resulting maps estimated by RBPF with ANN and RBPF without ANN. The results show that RBPF with ANN has increased the performance of SLAM by 25.17% and achieved 10 out of 10 trials of closed loop map by using only 30 particles compared to RBPF without ANN that needs 400 particles to achieve closed loop map. In conclusion, it shows that, SLAM performance can be improved by integrating RBPF algorithm with ANN and reduces the number of particles.
The Influence of Light and Physical Activity on the Timing and Duration of Sleep: Insights from a Natural Model of Dance Training in Shifts

Environmental, social, and behavioral variables influence sleep timing and duration. Using wrist-worn accelerometers, we recorded 31 dancers (age = 22.6 ± 3.5) for 17 days and who trained either in the morning (n = 15) or in the late evening (n = 16). We estimated the dancers’ daily sleep pattern: onset, end, and duration. In addition, their minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and mean light illuminance were also calculated daily and for the morning-shift and late-evening-shift time windows. On training days, the shifts involved differences in sleep timing, alarm-driven waking frequency, and the pattern of light exposure and MVPA duration. Sleep was strongly advanced when dancers trained in the morning and when alarms were used, while morning light had a low influence. Sleep was delayed when dancers were more exposed to light and displayed longer MVPA during the late evening. Sleep duration was strongly reduced on weekends and when alarms were used. A small reduction in sleep duration was also observed when morning illuminance was lower or when late evening MVPA was longer. Training in shifts influenced the timing of environmental and behavioral factors, which added up to shape dancers’ sleep timing and duration.
Excited‐state absorption of Tm3+‐doped single crystals at photon‐avalanche wavelengths

Excited‐state absorption (ESA) spectra calibrated in units of cross sections are reported in the case of Tm3+‐doped YAG, YAP, and Y2O3 single crystals around wavelengths at which photon‐avalanche absorptions were observed recently. The peak ESA cross sections are compared with those obtained theoretically by using the Judd–Ofelt approach.
Validity and Reliability of the COVID-19 Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior Scale

Background: The aim of this research is to develop a scale that will evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of employees about COVID-19 and to test its validity and reliability. Methodology: The methodological type of research was used between August–November 2020, under observation in organized industrial zones. Information was collected from a total of 543 employees. Confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis were performed for the value, item–total correlations and construct validity. SPSS 25.0 (IBM Inc., Armonk, NY, USA), Jasp 0.14 (University of Amsterdam) and Lisrel 9.1(Scientific Software International, Inc., Chapel Hill, NC, USA) programs were used in the analysis. Results: 83.1% of the participants in the study are male, the average age is 37.4 ± 8.0, 76.1% are married, and 49.4% are high school graduates. The Cronbach alpha value of the COVID-19 information part is 0.86 in total, the contamination information dimension is 0.71 and the protection information dimension is 0.84. The COVID-19 attitude section consists of four sub-dimensions and 13 items classified within the framework of the health belief model. In summary, the goodness of fit values for the knowledge, attitude and behavior sections, respectively, are: RMSEA values 0.05, 0.03 and 0.04; CFI values 0.98, 0.98 and 0.99; GFI values 0.97, 0.97 and 0.99. Conclusions: It has been determined that the internal consistency of the COVID-19 knowledge, attitude and behavior scale conducted on employees is high and compatible, and its validity findings are sufficient. The scale is recommended as an applicable tool to measure COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes and behaviors.
Dual and plural in languages of Vanuatu

Abstract Oceanic languages have rich systems of number marking, most including formal exponence of a dual, and very many also marking trial and/or paucal. In most Vanuatu languages number marking combines with person marking, including clusivity, in both independent pronoun paradigms and subject referencing paradigms. This study of pairs of these two kinds of paradigms in 34 Vanuatu languages shows that, in contrast to person values which can have fewer contrasting forms only in a subject referencing paradigm, contrasts in number values may be fewer either in the independent pronoun paradigm or in the corresponding subject referencing paradigm.
A new reconstruction scheme for the computation of inviscid compressible flows on 3D unstructured grids

A finite‐volume method for the solution of three‐dimensional inviscid compressible flows on cell‐vertex tetrahedral meshes is proposed. A higher‐order‐accurate upwind discretization is obtained by using a new linear reconstruction and a standard flux‐difference‐splitting scheme. The method is validated by computing the subsonic flow in a 90° rectangular elbow with a total pressure gradient imposed at inlet. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tenebrio molitor as a Clean Label Ingredient to Produce Nutritionally Enriched Food Emulsions

Simple Summary Tenebrio molitor flour, a sustainable source of protein and bioactive compounds, was used as a clean label ingredient in order to reformulate a commercial hummus sauce. The impact of different concentrations of insect meal on the sauce rheological properties, texture profile and microstructure were determined. An analysis of the nutritional profile and bioactivity was carried out, namely the total phenolic content (TPC) and the antioxidant capacity (using the DPPH and FRAP methods). A sensory analysis was also performed. At low concentrations (up to 7.5% of T. molitor flour) the structure of the sauce remained practically unchanged. However, for higher levels of T. molitor (10% and 15%), structure parameters such as elastic modulus (G’) at 1 Hz of the sauces with 10% and 15% were significantly lower than the commercial sauce, indicating a loss of structure caused by the incorporation of Tenebrio flour. Texture parameters also decreased with higher incorporations of insect meal. The formulation with 7.5% T. molitor flour showed the highest concentration of TPC and of antioxidant capacity, significantly increased protein content and more minerals compared to the standard. Although the improvement in nutritional quality was noticed, sensory analysis showed reluctance from the consumer towards these new products. Abstract Tenebrio molitor flour, a sustainable source of protein and bioactive compounds, was used as a clean label ingredient in order to reformulate a commercial hummus sauce, replacing egg yolk and modified starch, improving its nutritional quality. For this purpose, the impact of different concentrations of insect flour on the sauce was studied. Rheology properties, texture profile analysis, and the microstructure of the sauces were analyzed. Nutritional profile analysis was carried out, as well as bioactivity, namely the total phenolic content and the antioxidant capacity. Sensory analysis was conducted to determine the consumer’s acceptance. At low concentrations (up to 7.5% of T. molitor flour) the sauce structure remained practically unchanged. However, for higher additions of T. molitor (10% and 15%), a loss of firmness, adhesiveness and viscosity was observed. Structure parameters such as elastic modulus (G’) at 1 Hz of the sauces with 10% and 15% were significantly lower than the commercial sauce, indicating a loss of structure caused by Tenebrio flour incorporation. Although the formulation with 7.5% T. molitor flour was not the best rated in the sensory analysis, it showed a higher antioxidant capacity compared to the commercial standard. In addition, this formulation also presented the highest concentration in total phenolic compounds (16.25 mg GAE/g) and significantly increased the content of proteins (from 4.25% to 7.97%) and some minerals, compared to the standard.
Ultrasmooth microfabricated mirrors for quantum information

In this paper, we realize a scalable micromirror suitable for atom chip based cavity quantum electrodynamics applications. A very low surface roughness of 2.2 A rms on the silicon cavity mirrors is achieved using chemical dry etching along with plasma and oxidation smoothing. Our Fabry–Perot cavity comprised of these mirrors currently demonstrates the highest finesse, F=64 000, using microfabricated mirrors. We compute a single atom cooperativity for our cavities of more than 200, making them promising candidates for detecting individual atoms and for quantum information applications on a chip.
Sustainability and the Thoroughbred Breeding and Racing Industries: An Enhanced One Welfare Perspective

Simple Summary This article addresses the problems that face Thoroughbred breeding and racing globally as the sector seeks to become sustainable. It considers the benefits and deleterious impacts of the sector on three broad groups of stakeholders: horses, humans within the sector, and the physical environment. The authors propose an “Enhanced One Welfare Framework” to guide discussions that revisit the way horses are used for sport and moderate racing’s effects on humans and the planet. Using the Five Domains model that has become established as a framework through which to assess animal welfare, we identify the effects of the physical impacts of horse management and training on the mental state of horses. In a novel step, we apply the same model to consider the sector’s impact on its personnel. In contrast to sustainability approaches that focus primarily on animals and call to ban horseracing, we explore pathways that could allow the beneficiaries and sponsors of racing to encourage incremental improvements in practice across the sector. Abstract As society debates the use of animals in sport, entertainment, and leisure, there is an increasing focus on the welfare, social, and ecological impacts of such activities on the animals, human participants, people close to them, and the physical environment. This article introduces the “Enhanced One Welfare Framework” to reveal significant costs and benefits associated with Thoroughbred breeding and racing globally. In addition, relative to calls to ban horseracing and similar activities as part of sustainability approaches that focus chiefly on animals, the “Enhanced One Welfare Framework” is better positioned politically to guide discussions that renegotiate the conditions under which horses are used for sport and the impact racing has on humans and the planet. In 2020, the International Federation of Horseracing Authorities issued its minimum horse welfare standards based on the Five Domains model, positioning lifelong horse welfare as “fundamentally important to the viability and sustainability of the industry”. In this article, we critique the One Welfare framework’s historic lack of focus on sport and enhance it by including sport, leisure, and entertainment and framing it within the Five Domains model. We offer a novel extension of the Five Domains model beyond animal welfare to consider human welfare and the physical environmental impacts of the sport, leisure, and entertainment industries and propose innovations that may help thoroughbred breeding and racing assure a sustainable future.
Negative tone development: gaining insight through physical simulation

A simple analysis of aerial image quality reveals that negative tone imaging is superior to positive tone for small dimension contacts and trenches. Negative Tone Development (NTD) of positive chemically amplified (de-protecting) photoresist is currently the favored method for realizing such images on the wafer. When experimental process windows are determined for NTD systems, it is apparent that the results far exceed the upper limit predicted using current physical modeling. Since real data transcends the capabilities of the current model to predict, some important physical process is clearly missing. In this work, we explore whether resist shrinkage during PEB can account for the observed discrepancies. Two very simple shrinkage models are developed and tested. Results show that shrinkage in the vertical direction explains some profile artifacts observed in actual NTD processes but has negligible impact on conventional positive tone processes. The horizontal shrinkage model reveals that this type of phenomenon can significantly increase the exposure latitude of a negative tone process but has marginal impact on positive tone exposure latitude only introducing a small CD offset. While horizontal shrinkage does enhance exposure latitude appreciably, the effect does not seem large enough on its own to account for the entire increase observed in the experimental results. Further work is ongoing to investigate other potential mechanisms for observed behavior.
A Spectral Method for Polar Coordinates

A new set of polynomial functions that can be used in spectral expansions of C∞ functions in polar coordinates (r, ? ) is defined by a singular Sturm-Liouville equation. With the use of the basis functions, the spectral representations remain analytic at the pole despite the coordinate singularity because the pole condition is exactly satisfied at the origin for ag azimuthal modes, not just a few of the gravest modes (which is the usual case). Based on recurrence relations, fast and stable numerical operators for 1/r, r(d/dr), the Laplacian and Helmholtz operators and their inverses are developed. Although the spacings in the azimuthal direction of the collocation points near the origin are small (i.e., ? 1/M2, where M is the number of radial modes), the explicit numerical method for Euler's equation is not stiff at the origin. Namely, the CFL number ? is O(1) where the grid size in is defined as ? /M (i.e., the maximum allowable timestep is proportional to 1/M, not 1/M2).
Propagation and excitation of graphene plasmon polaritons

We theoretically investigate the propagation of graphene plasmon polaritons in graphene nanoribbon waveguides and experimentally observe the excitation of the graphene plasmon polaritons in a continuous graphene monolayer. We show that graphene nanoribbon bends do not induce any additional loss and nanofocusing occurs in a tapered graphene nanoriboon, and we experimentally demonstrate the excitation of graphene plasmon polaritonss in a continuous graphene monolayer assisted by a two-dimensional subwavelength silicon grating.
A Modern Computer Application to Model Rare Earth Element Ion Behavior in Adsorptive Membranes and Materials

The following paper offers a modern REE 1.0 computer application designed to model the behavior of REE ions in adsorptive materials and membranes. The current version of the application is based on several models, such as the Lagergren pseudo-first order, pseudo-second-order and Elovich kinetic models, and the intraparticle diffusion model, the diffusion-chemisorption model, and the Boyd model. The application has been verified on a sample of four different types of adsorptive materials and membranes. The proposed application allowed the analysis of kinetics, but also the mechanisms of the adsorption process, especially those responsible for the rate-determining steps. It was found that Lagergren pseudo-second-order kinetic model was the best-fit model to describe the adsorption behavior of REE ions onto the novel materials and membranes. Other models determined the process of chemisorption was in force for the analyzed cases, and the mechanisms controlling the adsorption processes are diffusion-chemisorption and adsorption is mostly controlled by film diffusion. Additionally, characteristic parameters, such as qe designated from two different models, showed very similar values, which indicates the correctness of the analysis.
Input Shape Effect on Classification Performance of Raw EEG Motor Imagery Signals with Convolutional Neural Networks for Use in Brain—Computer Interfaces

EEG signals are interpreted, analyzed and classified by many researchers for use in brain–computer interfaces. Although there are many different EEG signal acquisition methods, one of the most interesting is motor imagery signals. Many different signal processing methods, machine learning and deep learning models have been developed for the classification of motor imagery signals. Among these, Convolutional Neural Network models generally achieve better results than other models. Because the size and shape of the data is important for training Convolutional Neural Network models and discovering the right relationships, researchers have designed and experimented with many different input shape structures. However, no study has been found in the literature evaluating the effect of different input shapes on model performance and accuracy. In this study, the effects of different input shapes on model performance and accuracy in the classification of EEG motor imagery signals were investigated, which had not been specifically studied before. In addition, signal preprocessing methods, which take a long time before classification, were not used; rather, two CNN models were developed for training and classification using raw data. Two different datasets, BCI Competition IV 2A and 2B, were used in classification processes. For different input shapes, 53.03–89.29% classification accuracy and 2–23 s epoch time were obtained for 2A dataset, 64.84–84.94% classification accuracy and 4–10 s epoch time were obtained for 2B dataset. This study showed that the input shape has a significant effect on the classification performance, and when the correct input shape is selected and the correct CNN architecture is developed, feature extraction and classification can be done well by the CNN architecture without any signal preprocessing.
Some Economical, Explicit Finite-Difference Schemes for the Primitive Equations

Abstract The methods discussed in this paper are based on time-staggered schemes which are made unstaggered by means of an interpolation procedure. The advantages of time-staggered schemes are discussed, and it is shown by theoretical arguments and numerical experiments that the proposed interpolation method can be used without any serious loss of accuracy. For every short waves the interpolation will cause a retardation which results in greater stability and allows longer time steps. Due to their simplicity, combined with relatively high efficiency and stability, the schemes seem to provide an interesting alternative to existing methods.
Brain Targeting by Intranasal Drug Delivery: Effect of Different Formulations of the Biflavone “Cupressuflavone” from Juniperus sabina L. on the Motor Activity of Rats

The polar fractions of the Juniperus species are rich in bioflavonoid contents. Phytochemical study of the polar fraction of Juniperus sabina aerial parts resulted in the isolation of cupressuflavone (CPF) as the major component in addition to another two bioflavonoids, amentoflavone and robustaflavone. Biflavonoids have various biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, hypoglycemic, neuroprotective, and antipsychotic effects. Previous studies have shown that the metabolism and elimination of biflavonoids in rats are fast, and their oral bioavailability is very low. One of the methods to improve the bioavailability of drugs is to alter the route of administration. Recently, nose-to-brain drug delivery has emerged as a reliable method to bypass the blood–brain barrier and treat neurological disorders. To find the most effective CPF formulation for reaching the brain, three different CPF formulations (A, B and C) were prepared as self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). The formulations were administered via the intranasal (IN) route and their effect on the spontaneous motor activity in addition to motor coordination and balance of rats was observed using the activity cage and rotarod, respectively. Moreover, pharmacokinetic investigation was used to determine the blood concentrations of the best formulation after 12 h. of the IN dose. The results showed that formulations B and C, but not A, decreased the locomotor activity and balance of rats. Formula C at IN dose of 5 mg/kg expressed the strongest effect on the tested animals.
The H I content of the local group dwarf (spheroidal or irregular?) galaxy phoenix

Neutral hydrogen was detected in the Local Group dwarf galaxy Phoenix. The 21 cm H I line emission, observed at a heliocentric radial velocity of 56 km/s, is clearly separated from a much larger scale component at ∼140 km/s which was previously asociated with the Magellanic Stream. The profile width ΔV 50 ⇒ 21 km/s, combined with the high inclination of the system, suggests that not much rotation is present in this system which would then be mainly supported by turbulent motions. Using a newly determined distance estimate, the integrated profile gives a total H I mass of ⇒1.0 × 10 5 M ⊙ for an M HI /L v ⇒ 0.07 M ⊙ /L ⊙ . Most of the known properties of Phoenix imply that it is intermediate between typical dwarf irregular and dwarf spheroidal galaxies
SCALAR: Self-Calibrated Acoustic Ranging for Distributed Mobile Devices

Acoustic ranging has been viewed as a promising Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) technology in many scenarios, such as Augmented Reality (AR)/Virtual Reality (VR) and smart appliances. Most ranging systems with distributed devices undergo an extra calibration process to remove the timing errors. However, the calibration process needs user intervention. Furthermore, it should assume that the clock drifts are linear and stable, which is disabled within tens of minutes. In this paper, we introduce a self-calibrated acoustic ranging system that achieves sub-millimeter accuracy on distributed asynchronous devices. Based on our theoretical timing model, we precisely cancel both the system delay and the nonlinear clock drift with carefully designed Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) ranging signals. Our synchronization scheme achieves a timing accuracy of 1.9 microseconds, which allows us to build large-scale virtual acoustic arrays. Based on such a calibration scheme, our localization system achieves a ranging error of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{0.39}\;mm$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>0.39</mml:mtext><mml:mspace width="0.166667em"/><mml:mi>m</mml:mi><mml:mi>m</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="wang-ieq1-3241304.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> within three meters in real-world experiments.