Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What the Numbers Tell Us: A Review of Nursing Course Applications, Acceptances and Attrition Rates for British South Asian Men

Background: There is a recognised shortage of nurses globally and specifically in England. There is also a particular need to expand and diversify the current nursing workforce. Previous evidence shows that both South Asians and men have long been underrepresented on nursing courses and in the nursing workforce. This study aimed to carry out a secondary review of applications, acceptance and attrition data for nursing preregistration courses in England to understand the relationship between sex, ethnicity and success rates. Methods: Secondary descriptive analysis of national data on applications (n=150, 445 applicants), acceptances and attrition rates (n=416,457 enrolled students) in relation to nursing preregistration courses in England from 2013 to 2016. Study conducted in January 2018. The sample was restricted to undergraduate courses. Results: Using proportion ratios, using 95% confidence intervals, British South Asian men are significantly more likely to apply to nursing courses than their White counterparts. They are half as likely to be accepted for those nursing courses. British South Asian men are also significantly more likely to leave their nursing course without any award than British White men. These results have implications for nursing educators and specifically those involved in widening participation policy for minority groups and the nursing profession. Conclusion: These results indicate the need to further consider why British South Asian men are applying for nursing education courses in proportion to their prevalence in England, why are they so unlikely to be accepted on nursing courses in comparison to other groups? and why are they so likely to leave their nursing course without any award? This should be done to identify policy implications and organisational practice that may act as barriers for this cohort successfully completing their nursing education.
Dynamics of online social network based on parametric variation of relationship

The current research in opinion mining is largely based on content analysis of social interactions of users on a network. However social interactions are also governed by relationships existing between the various nodes. The role of relationship specific attributes on categorical influence prediction in a social network forms the basis of the presented work. This paper proposes a two phased collaborative model for predicting spread of influence in a social network by utilizing multiple relationship specific parameters. The initial phase identifies and visualizes the varied opinions based on relationships in a network which are then quantified through a distinct measure, the opinion metric, in the second phase. The metric takes in consideration the opinion and page rank centrality of respective nodes to generate the strength of node's negative influence factor. A high value is indicative of higher probability of spreading maximum negative influence. An experimental study on a sample network of ten nodes is conducted using Gephi, a social network analysis software. Using the opinion metric, the node capable of spreading the maximum negative influence in the network was identified. Early identification of malicious nodes in a network can be of immense help in various sectors such as Marketing, Defense, Stock markets, IT industry etc.
Leveraging Data-Driven Methods in Word-Level Language Identification for a Multilingual Alpine Heritage Corpus

This paper presents a data-driven, simple cluster-and-label approach using optimized count-based methods for word-level language identiﬁcation for a large domain-speciﬁc multilingual diachronic corpus of periodicals published at least yearly between 1864 and 2014 in Switzerland. Our system requires no annotated data or training, only minimal human effort in evaluating and labeling 50 clusters for a corpus of almost 40 million tokens. Despite being unsupervised, our results show an accuracy that is comparable to the corpus annotations which result from an existing code switching algorithm and the combined usage of two supervised systems using character and byte n-gram models (Volk and Clematide, 2014).
Treatment with the competitive NMDA antagonist GPI 3000 does not improve outcome after cardiac arrest in dogs.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We previously showed that treatment with a competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist GPI-3000 (GPI) improved short-term physiological recovery after incomplete global cerebral ischemia complicated by dense acidosis. We tested the hypothesis that GPI administered after resuscitation from cardiac arrest would improve a more long-term recovery as measured by neurobehavioral assessment and neuropathology 4 days after resuscitation. METHODS Anesthetized dogs were subjected to 7 minutes of cardiac arrest followed by vest cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Neurobehavioral outcomes were scored daily on a score ranging from 0 (normal) to 500 (worst). On the fourth day, the animals were killed, and neuropathology was evaluated in a blinded manner in the hippocampus and the neocortex by hematoxylin and eosin staining and by determination of percentage of injured neurons. Three groups of animals were treated in a randomized, blinded protocol with either saline (SAL), low-dose GPI (5 mg/kg followed by 1 mg/kg per hour for 2 hours), or high-dose GPI (25 mg/kg, followed by 5 mg/kg per hour for 2 hours). RESULTS The mortality rate was higher in animals receiving GPI than in saline-treated control animals (4 of 15 deaths in SAL, 6 of 15 in the low-dose GPI group, and 9 of 18 in the high-dose GPI group). Neurobehavioral scores were depressed in GPI-treated animals compared with saline-treated control animals in a dose-dependent manner, with 96-hour scores of essentially normal (9+/-2) in saline-treated animals compared with those animals with significant impairment (181+/-47) treated with high-dose GPI. Neuropathological damage in the neocortex was most severe in GPI-treated animals, with the percentage of injured neurons dependent on the dose: 8.3%+/-2.7% SAL, 13.2%+/-6.4% low-dose GPI, and 39.4%+/-10.1%, high-dose GPI. CA1 neuronal damage was severe regardless of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to results seen in experimental global and focal cerebral ischemia, in which NMDA receptor antagonism may improve responses to injury, receptor antagonism with GPI does not improve brain outcome after cardiac arrest and resuscitation in the dog. Behavioral and histological outcomes both were worsened by GPI treatment at two doses, and mortality was higher relative to saline control treatment. We speculate that systemic drug effects, as well as potential neurotoxicity of the drug under ischemic conditions, may be responsible for the deleterious outcomes observed in our cardiac arrest model.
COMPARISON and IMPLEMENTATION of COMPOUND MEMOOD MODEL and MEMOOD MODEL

Measuring software maintainability early in the development life cycle, especially at the design phase, may help designers to incorporate required enhancement and corrections for improving maintainability of the final software. Earlier MEMOOD model was developed which finds the maintainability of the class diagrams on the basis of Understandability and Modifiability on the basis of object oriented metrics of class diagrams This paper developed a multivariate linear model ‘Compound Maintainability Estimation Model for Object-Oriented software in Design phase’ (Compound MEMOOD), which estimates the maintainability of class diagrams in terms of their understandability, modifiability, Scalability and Level Of Complexity. While, in order to quantify class diagram’s Scalability and Level of Complexity the paper further developed two more multivariate models. These two models use design level object-oriented metrics, to quantify Scalability and Level of Complexity of class diagram. Understandability and modifiability models are taken from the previous MEMOOD model. Then, we make a comparison of MEMOOD model and Compound MEMOOD model and we find that Compound MEMOOD Model gives better results with the given dataset. All the models have been validated through appropriate statistical measures and contextual interpretation has been drawn. Keywords-scalability, maintainability, understandability, modifiability, maintenance, level of complexity
Surface Reconstruction: 3D Mesh Filtering with Feature Preserving Bi-Adaptive Algorithms

In this paper we define two bi-adaptive mesh filtering algorithms for efficient features preserving restoration of noisy models acquired from 3D scanners. The new filters are based on 2D image processing adaptive algorithms extended to 3D mesh processing. We combine two adaptive algorithms to design more efficient bi-adaptive algorithms. The first filter is applied on the mesh triangles normal vector orientation and the second filter is applied on the vertices normal vector orientation. Both filters are applied on adaptively selected local neighborhood based on a threshold angle between normal vectors. Then the algorithm to update the vertices position is also adaptive according to a local variance evaluation compared to a noise variance threshold. We compare our two bi-adaptive algorithms results to other filtering algorithms according to reliable error metrics and show the new filters outperform previous features preserving and adaptive mesh denoising methods.
Rapid Synapse Elimination after Postsynaptic Protein Synthesis Inhibition In Vivo

To examine the role of retrograde signals on synaptic maintenance, we inhibited protein synthesis in individual postsynaptic cells in vivo while monitoring presynaptic terminals. Within 12 h, axon terminals begin to atrophy and withdraw from normal postsynaptic sites. Structural similarities between this process and naturally occurring synapse elimination suggest that short-lived target derived factors not only participate in synaptic maintenance in adults, but also regulate elimination of connections during development.
In vivo T Cell Activation in Lymphoid Tissues is Inhibited in the Oxygen-Poor Microenvironment

Activation of immune cells is under control of immunological and physiological regulatory mechanisms to ensure adequate destruction of pathogens with the minimum collateral damage to “innocent” bystander cells. The concept of physiological negative regulation of immune response has been advocated based on the finding of the critical immunoregulatory role of extracellular adenosine. Local tissue oxygen tension was proposed to function as one of such physiological regulatory mechanisms of immune responses. In the current study, we utilized in vivo marker of local tissue hypoxia pimonidazole hydrochloride (Hypoxyprobe-1) in the flowcytometric analysis of oxygen levels to which lymphocytes are exposed in vivo. The level of exposure to hypoxia in vivo was low in B cells and the levels increased in the following order: T cells < NKT cells < NK cells. The thymus was more hypoxic than the spleen and lymph nodes, suggesting the variation in the degree of oxygenation among lymphoid organs and cell types in normal mice. Based on in vitro studies, tissue hypoxia has been assumed to be suppressive to T cell activation in vivo, but there was no direct evidence demonstrating that T cells exposed to hypoxic environment in vivo are less activated. We tested whether the state of activation of T cells in vivo changes due to their exposure to hypoxic tissue microenvironments. The parallel analysis of more hypoxic and less hypoxic T cells in the same mouse revealed that the degree of T cell activation was significantly stronger in better-oxygenated T cells. These observations suggest that the extent of T cell activation in vivo is dependent on their localization and is decreased in environment with low oxygen tension.
Seasonal variations in the color statistics of natural images

We examined how the distribution of colors in natural images varies as the seasons change. Images of natural outdoor scenes were acquired at locations in the Western Ghats, India, during monsoon and winter seasons and in the Sierra Nevada, USA, from spring to fall. The images were recorded with an RGB digital camera calibrated to yield estimates of the L, M, and S cone excitations and chromatic and luminance contrasts at each pixel. These were compared across time and location and were analyzed separately for regions of earth and sky. Seasonal climate changes alter both the average color in scenes and how the colors are distributed around the average. Arid periods are marked by a mean shift toward the +L pole of the L vs. M chromatic axis and a rotation in the color distributions away from the S vs. LM chromatic axis and toward an axis of bluish–yellowish variation, both primarily due to changes in vegetation. The form of the change was similar at the two locations suggesting that the color statistics of natural images undergo a characteristic pattern of temporal variation. We consider the implications of these changes for models of both visual sensitivity and color appearance.
Cooperative spectrum sharing with space time block coding and non-orthogonal multiple access

In this paper, we have proposed a novel two-phase cooperative spectrum sharing protocol on the basis of Alamouti space time block coded (STBC) non-orthogonal multiple access. The network scenario comprising of a primary transmitter-receiver pair and a secondary transmitter-receiver pair. During the first two time slots, the primary transmitter transmits two STBC primary symbols to the cooperative secondary transmitter. The secondary transmitter acting as a decode-and-forward relay for the primary system is allowed to transmit its own secondary signal superposed on the STBC coded primary signal in exchange of cooperation during the next two time slots. Simulation and theoretical results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed protocol compared to the conventional super positing coding based overlay scheme in terms of the outage probability and the ergodic capacity.
A receding-horizon multiple model based control scheme for nonlinear systems

A multiple model based nonlinear control scheme for nonlinear discrete-time systems is considered. A set of optimal receding-horizon feedback control functions is defined, based on a description of the nonlinear plant by means of interpolation of a set of local models, using a family of nonlinear validity functions. To obtain the control law to be applied to the plant, interpolation of the local control actions is done, using the same validity function family. This choice allows to carry out the stability analysis of the equilibrium of the multiple model control scheme.
Ansiedad social, adicción al internet y al cibersexo: su relación con la percepción de salud

A quantitative, descriptive and correlational research was done, with Cross – sectional design, with the aim to describe the possible significant relationship between the social anxiety, internet use addiction and Cybersex addiction, with the perception of subjective well-being and physical discomfort. Participants were 214 young adults, women and men with ages between 18 to 30 years old; all of them from the city of Bogota, Colombia. The results showed low level measures in all of the variables with significant relationships between them. Also, showed significant differences depending on gender. For women, the relationship was stronger and positive between the internet and cybersex addiction and their perception of physical discomfort, for men was stronger and negative between internet and cybersex addiction and their subjective well-being perception. The results are discussed and its implications, in order to improve the well-being and the quality of life of the young adults.
A Logic-Cell-Embedded PLA (LCPLA): An Area-Efficient Dual-Rail Array Logic Architecture

SUMMARY This paper describes an area-efficient dual-rail array logic architecture, a logic-cell-embedded PLA (LCPLA), which has 2-input logic cells in the structure. The 2-input logic cells composed of pass-transistors can realize any 2-input Boolean function and are embedded in a dual-rail PLA. The logic cells can be designed by connecting some local wires and do not require additional transistors over logic cells of the conventional dual-rail PLA. By using the logic cells, some classes of logic functions can be implemented efficiently, so that high-speed and low-power operations are also achieved. The advantages over the conventional PLAs and standard-cell-based designs were demonstrated by using benchmark circuits, and the LCPLA is shown to be effective to reduce the number of product terms. In a structure with a 64-bit input and a 1-bit output including 220 product terms, the LCPLA achieved an area reduction by 35% compared to the conventional high-speed dual-rail PLA, and the powerdelay product was reduced by 74% and 46% compared to the conventional high-speed single-rail PLA and the conventional high-speed dual-rail PLA, respectively. A test chip of this configuration was fabricated using a 0. 35µm, 3-metal-layer CMOS technology, and was verified with a functional test using a logic tester and an electron-beam tester at frequencies of up to 100 MHz with a supply voltage of 3.3 V.
Cryptochrome, Compound Eyes, Hofbauer-Buchner Eyelets, and Ocelli Play Different Roles in the Entrainment and Masking Pathway of the Locomotor Activity Rhythm in the Fruit Fly Drosophila Melanogaster

The fly Drosophila melanogaster possesses five photoreceptors and/or photopigments that appear to be involved in light reception and synchronization of the circadian clock: (1) the compound eyes, (2) the ocelli, (3) the Hofbauer-Buchner eyelets, (4) the blue-light photopigment cryptochrome, and (5) unknown photopigments in the clock-gene-expressing dorsal neurons. To understand the contributions of these photoreceptors and photopigments to synchronization, the authors monitored the flies' activity rhythms under artificial long and short days. They found that all the different photoreceptors and photo-pigments contribute significantly to entrainment under each photoperiod, but the compound eyes are especially important for entrainment to extreme photoperiods. The compound eyes are, furthermore, necessary for adjusting the phase of the activity rhythm, for distinguishing long days from constant light, and for the normal masking effects of light—namely, promotion of activity by lights-on and inhibition of activity by darkness. Cryptochrome is important for period lengthening under long days, although it is more important for entrainment to short days than to long days and is, furthermore, important for after effects of the photoperiod on the internal clock. The specific roles of the remaining photoreceptors are more difficult to assess.
Iterative version of the QRD for adaptive RLS filtering

A modified version of the QR—decomposition (QRD) is presented. It uses approximate Givens rotations instead of exact Givens rotations, i.e. , a matrix entry usually annihilated with an exact rotation by an angle q5 is only reduced by using an approximate rotation by an angle çf. The approximation of the rotations is based on the idea of CORDIC. Evaluating a CORDIC—based approximate rotation is to determine the angle = q5 = arctan 2, which is closest to the exact rotation angle . This angle q is applied instead of q5. Using approximate rotations for computing the QRD results in an iterative version of the original QRD. A recursive version of this QRD using CORDIC—based approximate rotations is applied to adaptive RLS filtering. Only a few angles of the CORDIC sequence, r say (r << b, where b is the word length), work as well as using exact rotations (r = b, original CORDIC). The misadjustment error decreases as r increases. The convergence of the QRD— RLS algorithm, however, is insensitive to the value of r. Adapting the approximation accuracy during the course of the QRD—RLS algorithm is also discussed. Simulations (channel equalization) confirm the results.
FReBIR : Fuzzy Region-Based Image Retrieval

FReBIR is a region-based image retrieval system, in which images are represented as adjacency graphs of fuzzy regions. An algorithm of fuzzy segmentation is first described. An algorithm to match subgraphs of fuzzy regions is then applied in order to retrieve images from partial queries, taking into account the image composition. Results are improved thanks to a relevance feedback which performs region classification by Support Vector Machine.
The Babel of multicenter exposure assessment.

Now the whole earth had one language and the same words. And as they migrated from the east, they came upon a plain in the land of Shinar and settled there. And they said to one another, ‘Come, let us make bricks, and burn them thoroughly’. And they had brick for stone, and bitumen for mortar. Then they said, ‘Come, let us build ourselves a city, and a tower with its top in the heavens, and let us make a name for ourselves; otherwise we shall be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth’.
At the origins and in the vanguard of peridynamics, non-local and higher-gradient continuum mechanics: An underestimated and still topical contribution of Gabrio Piola

Gabrio Piola’s scientific papers have been underestimated in mathematical physics literature. Indeed, a careful reading of them proves that they are original, deep and far-reaching. Actually, even if his contribution to the mechanical sciences is not completely ignored, one can undoubtedly say that the greatest part of his novel contributions to mechanics, although having provided a great impetus to and substantial influence on the work of many preeminent mechanicians, is in fact generally ignored. It has to be remarked that authors Capecchi and Ruta dedicated many efforts to the aim of unveiling the true value of Gabrio Piola as a scientist; however, some deep parts of his scientific results remain not yet sufficiently illustrated. Our aim is to prove that non-local and higher-gradient continuum mechanics were conceived already in Piola’s works and to try to explain the reasons for the unfortunate circumstance which caused the erasure of the memory of this aspect of Piola’s contribution. Some relevant differential relationships obtained in Piola (Memoria intorno alle equazioni fondamentali del movimento di corpi qualsivogliono considerati secondo la naturale loro forma e costituzione, 1846) are carefully discussed, as they are still too often ignored in the continuum mechanics literature and can be considered the starting point of Levi-Civita’s theory of connection for Riemannian manifolds.
Synergies and Sustainable Competitive Advantage

: Synergy is a concept fraught with ambiguity about its sources and effects, perhaps as a consequence of of previous literature on the subject not distinguishing between these. In this paper, the sources of synergy are separated from the sources of sustainable competitive advantage in order to analyze the competitive implications of different types of synergies, and thus be able to answer the question of when and under which circumstances synergy can be expected to generate sustainable competitive advantage.
Chinese FrameNet and OWL Representation

The Chinese FrameNet Project is creating an lexical resource for Chinese, based on the principles of Frame Semantics and supported by corpus evidence. Our description of each lexical item identifies the frames which underlie a given meaning and the ways in which the Frame Elements are realized in structures headed by the word, through manual annotation of example sentences and automatic summarization of the resulting annotations. It will be available in XML, and can be displayed and queried via the web and other interfaces. We are trying to translate the CFN data into the OWL Web Ontology Language, a revision of the DAML+OIL web ontology language, which can represent our ontologies and to make CFN information machine readable and understandable. This paper reports on our representation of this data in OWL.