Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression and localization of the conjugate export pump encoded by the MRP2 (cMRP/cMOAJ) gene in liver

The liver converts endogenous and xenobiotic lipophilic compounds into anionic conjugates with glutathione, glucuronate, or sulfate. These conjugates are transported across the canalicular (apical) membrane into bile by a 190 kDa membrane glycoprotein that has been cloned recently. This apical conjugate‐transporting ATPase has been termed canalicular multidrug resistance protein (cMRP) because of the similarity in substrate specificity and sequence with the multidrug resistance protein (MRP1), canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT), or multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2). The amino acid sequence identity of human MRP2 and MRP1 is 49%. MRP2 is predominantly expressed in hepatocytes and localized to apical membrane domains. MRP2 is not expressed in the human Dubin‐Johnson syndrome, which is therefore associated with an inherited deficiency in the secretion of amphiphilic anionic conjugates into the bile. The rat homolog Mrp2 is absent in two mutant strains of rats with different point mutations in the corresponding gene. These mutant rats are hyperbilirubinemic and deficient in the ATP‐dependent transport of conjugates from hepatocytes into bile. Impairment of bile flow (cholestasis) can be associated with a down‐regulation of the expression of the conjugate export pump, and MRP2 contributes to bile flow as an important driving force. —Keppler, D. , König, J. Expression and localization of the conjugate export pump encoded by the MRP2 (cMRP/cMOAT) gene in liver. FASEB J. 11, 509–516 (1997)
In-Phase and Quadrature Timing Mismatch Estimation and Compensation in Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems

The emerging millimeter-wave (mm-wave) MIMO systems are subject to strong radio frequency (RF) distortions and their compensation is crucial to realize such systems. In the existing literature, several estimation and compensation schemes have been proposed for RF distortions, such as carrier frequency offset, phase noise, and in-phase and quadrature amplitude and phase imbalance (IQI). However, in-phase and quadrature timing mismatch (IQTM) is largely ignored. This paper investigates the effect of the IQTM on mm-wave system performance and reveals that IQTM causes a specific image rejection ratio characteristic, which is substantially different from the regular frequency-dependent IQI and it substantially prolongs the effective channel length. If not compensated, the IQTM can degrade system performance significantly. As a solution to this IQTM problem, this paper proposes novel pilot designs for transmit and receive IQTM estimation, and develops corresponding estimators, transmission protocol, and compensation schemes. MIMO averaging is also proposed, which substantially enhances the IQTM estimation performance. Simulation results show that our proposed pilot designs and estimators offer an efficient solution to the IQTM problem.
Clonal Diversity of Chilean Isolates of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli from Patients with Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome, Asymptomatic Subjects, Animal Reservoirs, and Food Products

ABSTRACT To determine clonal relationship among Chilean enterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli (EHEC) strains from different sources (clinical infections, animal reservoirs, and food), 54 EHEC isolates (44 of E. coli O157, 5 of E. coli O111, and 5 of E. coli O26) were characterized for virulence genes by colony blot hybridization and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). By colony blotting, 12 different genotypes were identified among the 44 E. coli O157 isolates analyzed, of which the genetic profile stx1+stx2+hly+eae+ was the most prevalent. All human O157 strains that were associated with sporadic cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) carried both the stx1 andstx2 toxin-encoding genes and wereeaeA positive. Only 9 of 13 isolates from human controls were stx1+stx2+, and 8 carried theeaeA gene. Comparison of profiles obtained by PFGE ofXbaI-digested genomic DNA showed a great diversity among the E. coli O157 isolates, with 37 different profiles among 39 isolates analyzed. Cluster analysis of PFGE profiles showed a wide distribution of clinical isolates obtained from HUS cases and asymptomatic individuals and a clonal relationship among O157 isolates obtained from HUS cases and pigs. Analysis of virulence genes showed that a correlation exists among strains with the genotypestx1+stx2+eae+and pathogenic potential. A larger difference in the PFGE restriction patterns was observed among the EHEC strains of serogroups O26 and O111. These results indicate that several different EHEC clones circulate in Chile and suggest that pigs are an important animal reservoir for human infections by EHEC. Guidelines have been proposed for better practices in the slaughter of animals in Chile.
High Baseline Serum Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Level is Related to Delayed Psychomotor Development in Very Low Birth Weight Premature Infants

Objective: Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase, is specifically related with cranial small vessel disease. We aim to investigate the baseline level of serum ADMA in correlation to neurodevelopmental outcomes in a cohort of very low birth weight premature infants. Method: A total of 50 very low birth weight (VLBW, <1500 g) preterm (gestational age â¦ 30 weeks) infants were included and assigned to a High or Low ADMA baseline level group according to the plasma ADMA levels obtained within 6-12 hours after birth. All patients were followed prospectively for the neurodevelopmental outcomes. Causes of morbidities were analysed and compared. Results: No differences in gestational age, birth body weight, 1’ and 5’ Apgar scores, gender prevalence, and serum creatinine level were noted between study groups. Premature infants with high ADMA baseline level had a higher incidence of periventricular echogenecity persisting longer than 2 weeks (p= 0.013), and a higher ratio of delayed psychomotor development at 6 and 12 months corrected age (p=0.041 and 0.012). ADMA baseline level is inversely correlated to the Psychomotor Developmental Index at 6 and 12 months corrected age within the high ADMA baseline level group (p=0.02, p=0.027 respectively). The occurrence of retinopathy of prematurity, chronic lung disease, and patent ductus arteriosus requiring medication intervention were of no significant differences between study groups. Conclusion: Premature infants with high ADMA baseline levels tended to have a higher ratio of delayed psychomotor development at corrected age of 6 and 12 months old. Further studies on perinatal factors related with high ADMA baseline levels are warranted.
Influence of milking units type on somatic cells count and total bacterial count in cow ' s milk

Application of two types of milking unit are studied and compared by quality parameters of obtained raw milk. The first type of milking unit is with a conventional cylindrical type of teat cup (round milking shell and round milking liner) and the second type is a modern (modified) type with complex form of teat cup (tri-circle milking shell and triangular milking liner). Milking is done in the same manner with a pulsation rate of 60 min -1 , power vacuum of 50 kPa and pulsation ratio 60/40. Cows are milked with pipeline system. Milk quality is monitored by somatic cell count and total bacterial count. It has been found that in a modern type of milking unit with a triangular liner shape milk quality is improved. After a period of 3 months use of the modified units a reduction of 23% of the bacterial count and 10% of the somatic cells count is achieved.
Significant association of Rho/ROCK pathway with invasion and metastasis of bladder cancer.

PURPOSE The small GTP-binding protein Rho and its best-characterized downstream effector Rho-associated serine-threonine protein kinase, ROCK, participate in actin cytoskeleton organization, and are linked to pathogenesis and progression of several human tumors. We investigated the roles of Rho and ROCK in bladder cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using Western blotting, we quantitated Rho and ROCK protein expression in paired tumor and nontumor surgical samples from 107 consecutive Japanese patients with bladder cancer. RESULTS RhoA, RhoC, and ROCK were more abundant in tumors and metastatic lymph nodes than in nontumor bladder and uninvolved lymph nodes (P < 0.0001). Amounts of RhoA and RhoC protein, and ROCK protein expression correlated positively with one another (P < 0.0001). High RhoA, RhoC, and ROCK expression were related to poor tumor differentiation (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.01, respectively), muscle invasion (P < 0.001), and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier plots linked high RhoA, RhoC, and ROCK protein expression to shortened disease-free and overall survival (P < 0.0001). By univariate analysis, high RhoA, RhoC, and ROCK protein expression predicted shortened disease-free and overall survival (P < 0.0001). By multivariate analysis, only RhoC was independently influenced in disease-free survival (P < 0.05), and RhoA and RhoC in overall survival (P < 0.001). In contrast, RhoB expression was inversely related to the grade and stage (P < 0.05), and its higher expression is associated with better overall survival (P < 0.05). In superficial tumors (Ta or T1; 63 patients), RhoA, RhoC, and ROCK were unrelated with recurrence-free survival. Overall survival in tumors invading muscle (T2 to T4; 44 patients) was significantly influenced by RhoA, RhoC, and ROCK in a Kaplan-Meier analysis (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.01, respectively). Whereas RhoA, RhoC, and ROCK independently predicted shortened overall survival in patients with invasive tumor by univariate analysis (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.01, respectively), only RhoC did so by multivariate analysis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Rho/ROCK pathway apparently involved in occurrence and progression of bladder cancer may be valuable prognostic markers.
Practical tracing traitors

In this paper we discuss tracing traitors systems, with a focus on a particular problem we have encountered in building a commercial system. "Tracing traitors" is a cryptographic technology that determines, when an unauthorized copy of copyrighted content is encountered, which user or users were the source of the copy by examining the copy itself. In tracing traitors systems, it has been widely assumed that any two devices in the system should have as few cryptographic keys in common as possible: then, when the variation the key decrypts is discovered in the unauthorized copy, the number of devices that could have produced that variation is minimal. This assumption is so pervasive it often is not even stated explicitly. However, tracing traitors schemes also often ignore the likely next step-once the compromised device(s) are identified, their keys must be revoked so they cannot be further used in the system. In this paper we will show that the traceability of any minimal-key-overlap system inevitably begins to degrade once some of the keys are revoked. This has caused us to question the basic value of minimal key overlap. In fact, we think that very revocation-efficient key schemes, like broadcast-encryption key trees, in which some keys are highly shared, might actually provide better traceability over the life of a practical system with actual revocation.
Adaptive wireless channel probing for shared key generation

Generating a shared key between two parties from the wireless channel is of increasing interest. The procedure for obtaining information from wireless channel is called channel probing. Previous works used a constant channel probing rate to generate a key, but they neither consider the tradeoff between the bit generation rate (BGR) and channel resource consumption, nor adjust the probing rate according to different scenarios. In order to satisfy users' requirement for BGR and to use the wireless channel efficiently, we first build a mathematical model of channel probing and derive the relationship between BGR and probing rate. Second, we introduce an adaptive channel probing system based on Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZ76) and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. Our scheme uses LZ76 to estimate the entropy rate of the channel statistics, e.g. the Received Signal Strength (RSS), and uses the PID controller to control the channel probing rate. Our experiments show that this system is able to dynamically adjust its probing rate to achieve a desired BGR under different moving speeds, different mobile types, and different sites. Our results also show that the standard deviation of the LZ76 calculator is less than 0.15 bits/s. The PID controller is able to stabilize the bit generation rate at a desired value with mean error of less than 0.9 bits/s.
The distributed V kernel and its performance for diskless workstations

The distributed V kernel is a message-oriented kernel that provides uniform local and network interprocess communication. It is primarily being used in an environment of diskless workstations connected by a high-speed local network to a set of file servers. We describe a performance evaluation of the kernel, with particular emphasis on the cost of network file access. Our results show that over a local network: 1. Diskless workstations can access remote files with minimal performance penalty. 2. The V message facility can be used to access remote files at comparable cost to any well-tuned specialized file access protocol. We conclude that it is feasible to build a distributed system with all network communication using the V message facility even when most of the network nodes have no secondary storage.
Reforestation in Poland: History, Current Practice and Future Perspectives

In the past, the entire region of Poland was overgrown by forests. Due to economic changes, the forest cover was reduced to 40% in the 18th century and 21% after the Second World War. After the war, Polish foresters undertook considerable efforts to increase the forest cover to 30.8% by 2015. Polish forests are characterized by the dominance of oligo- and mesotrophic coniferous species (68.7%). This include the pioneer species, Scots pine. It covers approximately 60% of the area. The species composition of Polish forests determined the dominance of artificial regenerations. However, the currently prevailing direction of forest culture is natural regeneration. This tendency is related to â€œgreeningâ€ of the forest management, the priority of durability over productivity and culture of multifunctional forests. A natural or seminatural direction of forest culture is being promoted. Renewal of the species such as fir, beech, oak, or spruce from the last stages of succession have always taken place in a natural manner, whereas the statistics are generated by the dominant species preferring open areas during renewal. Currently, the scale of natural regenerations of the pine is increasing. It is increasingly common to value the favorable economic aspect of natural renewal of the species, and the experience of practitioners supported by scientific research increase the likelihood for success. In Poland, the majority of methods of regeneration proceedings (forest cutting) and the law are directed at obtaining and promoting natural renewal. Independent of the concept of natural renewal promotion, the location of Poland in the intermediate climate zone, between the influence of oceanic and continental climates, resulted in the formation of valuable tree stands with high flexibility and tolerance to growth conditions. They are divided into seed stands, excluded stands, and timberlands. Thus, Poland is in possession of a great base for seed collection. At the beginning of 1990s, a rapid need for container seedlings occurred due to numerous disasters (wind-broken trees, gradations). Currently, in Poland, 17 field nurseries are in operation producing 1â€“10 m seedlings. In 1992, Poland received a loan from the World Bank to conduct afforestations and the â€œNational Program for Increasing the Forest Coverâ€ was started. The main objective of the plan is to increase the forest cover to 30% in 2020 and 33% in 2050. Within the program, it is planned to include vegetation of the natural succession in the area of approximately 80,000 ha.
Transcriptional Control of Monocyte Gene Expression in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) confers an increased risk for disorders with an inflammatory etiology. PTSD-related dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and associated alterations in inflammatory activity may contribute to this increased risk. However, little is known about convergent SNS, HPA and inflammatory signaling at the level of the immune cell transcriptome in PTSD. To explore such signaling, we examined the prevalence of specific transcription factor binding motifs in the promoter regions of differentially expressed genes in monocytes from individuals with PTSD and matched controls. Participants included 49 men (24 PTSD+ and 25 trauma-exposed controls) and 18 women (10 PTSD+ and 8 controls). Men with PTSD showed up-regulation of target genes for the NF-κB/Rel family of transcription factors, which convey inflammatory signals, up-regulation of target genes for CREB/ATF transcription factors, which convey adrenergic signals from the SNS, and down-regulation of target genes for the glucocorticoid receptor, which conveys glucocorticoid signals from the HPA axis. Women with PTSD also showed significant up-regulation of target genes for NF-κB and non-significant down-regulation of target genes for GR, but significant down-regulation of target genes for CREB/ATF. Altered transcriptional control of monocyte gene expression could contribute to exaggerated inflammatory activity in PTSD.
Potential Role of the Bovine Rumen Microbiome in Modulating Milk Composition and Feed Efficiency

Ruminants are completely dependent on their microbiota for feed digestion and consequently, their viability. It is therefore tempting to hypothesize a connection between the composition and abundance of resident rumen bacterial taxa and the physiological parameters of the host. Using a pyrosequencing approach, we characterized the rumen bacterial community composition in 15 dairy cows and their physiological parameters. We analyzed the degree of divergence between the different animals and found that some physiological parameters, such as milk yield and composition, are highly correlated with the abundance of various bacterial members of the rumen microbiome. One apparent finding was a strong correlation between the ratio of the phyla Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and milk-fat yield. These findings paralleled human studies showing similar trends of increased adiposity with an increase in Bacteroidetes. This correlation remained evident at the genus level, where several genera showed correlations with the animals' physiological parameters. This suggests that the bacterial community has a role in shaping host physiological parameters. A deeper understanding of this process may allow us to modulate the rumen microbiome for better agricultural yield through bacterial community design.
Structural relationship between the primary crystal formations and the matrix macromolecules in different hard tissues. Discussion of a general principle.

For many years we have investigated the earliest crystal formations of different developing hard tissues (matrix vesicle, bone, dentine, enamel, etc.) by different electron microscopic measurements. It was observed that primarily Ca-phosphate (apatite) "chains," composed of nanometer sized particles (dots, islands), exist, which coalesce rapidly to needles. For the mineralization of collagen (e.g., bone, dentine) the center to center distances between the dots in the mineral chains represent the distances between nucleating sites, so-called "active sites" of collagen which bind primarily Ca for a subsequent nucleation. For the mineralization of noncollagen macromolecules (e.g., enamel) the same principle of mineral nucleation at such "active sites" exists being represented indirectly by corresponding center to center distances between the dots in the mineral chains.
Integrated Risk Estimation in Fujiang River Basin in Sichuan by Using Information Diffusion Technology

The earthquake and flood damage data of the families in villages and towns along Fujiang River in Sichuan are collected by using Internet of intelligences. The information diffusion technology is used to estimate the integrated risk caused by earthquake and flood. The villages and towns have suffered a large loss of integrated risk caused by the two hazards, with an average annual loss of 5.758 million Yuan. Through the comprehensive suppression and blocking intervention combined with the village watershed management and post-disaster reconstruction, the 基金项目:本文为中央高校项目(2014SZYTD01)、国 家社科基金(16BJL115)、国家自然科学基金项目 (41671502)等项目的阶段性研究成果。 作者简介: 潘小军,西南民族大学经济学院、北京师范 大学减灾研究院博士研究生。 1002343190@QQ.com,Tel:13261666399 黄崇福,北京师范大学,环境演变与自然灾 害教育部重点实验室教授、博士生导师。 张领雁,北京师范大学,环境演变与自然灾 害教育部重点实验室、硕士研究生。 *通讯作者:hchongfu@bnu.edu. cn frequency and the degree of disaster occurrence have gradually decreased in the past decades.
Distributed Dominating Set Approximations beyond Planar Graphs

The Minimum Dominating Set (MDS) problem is a fundamental and challenging problem in distributed computing. While it is well known that minimum dominating sets cannot be well approximated locally on general graphs, in recent years there has been much progress on computing good local approximations on sparse graphs and in particular on planar graphs. In this article, we study distributed and deterministic MDS approximation algorithms for graph classes beyond planar graphs. In particular, we show that existing approximation bounds for planar graphs can be lifted to bounded genus graphs and more general graphs, which we call locally embeddable graphs, and present (1) a local constant-time, constant-factor MDS approximation algorithm on locally embeddable graphs, and (2) a local O(log*n)-time (1+ε)-approximation scheme for any ε > 0 on graphs of bounded genus. Our main technical contribution is a new analysis of a slightly modified variant of an existing algorithm by Lenzen et al. [21]. Interestingly, unlike existing proofs for planar graphs, our analysis does not rely on direct topological arguments but on combinatorial density arguments only.
Low-power audio classification for ubiquitous sensor networks

In the past researchers have proposed a variety of features that are based on the human auditory system. However none of these features have been able to replace mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) as the preferred feature for audio classification problems, either because of computational costs involved or because of their poor performance in the presence of noise. In this paper we present new features derived from a model of the early auditory system. We compare the performance of the new features with MFCC in a four-class audio classification problem and show that they perform better. We also test the noise robustness of the new features in a two-way audio classification problem and show that it outperforms the MFCC. Further, these new features can be implemented in low-power analog VLSI circuitry making them ideal for low-power sensor networks.