Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serious Complications Related to Regional Anesthesia: Results of a Prospective Survey in France

Background Serious complications related to regional anesthesia have previously been described primarily in case reports and retrospective surveys. The authors prospectively evaluated a multicenter series of regional anesthetics, using preplanned criteria to measure the incidence and characteristics of associated serious complications. Methods Requests were sent to 4,927 French anesthesiologists in advance of a subsequent 5-month study period. Participating anesthesiologists were asked for detailed reports of serious complications occurring during or after regional anesthetics performed by them during the study interval. Details regarding each complication then were obtained via a second questionnaire. Results The number of responding anesthesiolgists was 736. The number of regional anesthetics performed was 103,730, corresponding to 40,640 spinal anesthetics, 30,413 epidural anesthetics, 21,278 peripheral nerve blocks, and 11,229 intravenous regional anesthetics. Reports of 98 severe complications were received, with follow-up information being obtained for 97. In 89 cases, complications were attributed fully or partially to regional anesthesia. Thirty-two cardiac arrests, seven of which were fatal, occurred during the study. Of these, 26 occurred during spinal anesthesia, with 6 being fatal, 3 occurred during epidural anesthesia, and 3 more occurred during peripheral blocks. The higher incidence of cardiac arrest during spinal anesthesia (6.4 +/- 1.2 per 10,000 patients) compared with all other regional anesthesia (1.0 +/- 0.4 per 10,000 patients) was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Of 34 neurologic complications (radiculopathy, cauda equina syndrome, paraplegia), 21 were associated either with paresthesia during puncture (n = 19) or with pain during injection (n = 2), suggesting nerve trauma or intraneural injection. Twelve patients who had neurologic complications after spinal anesthetics had no paresthesia during needle placement and no pain on injection. Of these 12 patients (7 with radiculopathy and 5 with cauda equina syndrome), 9 received intrathecal hyperbaric lidocaine, 5%. The incidence of neurologic injury was significantly greater after spinal anesthesia (6 +/- 1 per 10,000 cases; P < 0.05) than after each of the other types of regional procedures (1.6 +/- 0.5 per 10,000 cases for the weighted average). Seizures attributed to elevated serum levels of local anesthetics occurred in 23 patients, but none suffered a cardiac arrest. Conclusions (1) The incidence of cardiac arrest and neurologic injury related to regional anesthesia were very low, but both were more than three SDs greater after spinal anesthesia than after other regional procedures. (2) Two thirds of the patients with neurologic deficits had either a paresthesia during needle placement or pain on injection. (3) Seventy-five percent of the neurologic deficits after nontraumatic spinal anesthesia occurred in patients who had received hyperbaric lidocaine, 5%.
Antimicrobial stewardship in the management of community-acquired pneumonia

Purpose of review Antimicrobial stewardship can be applied to the management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) to optimize management while maintaining or improving the quality of patient outcomes. We discuss such applications, in general, and review the relevant recent literature. Recent findings Clinical pathways or care plans are a means to standardize care for a given disease state and thus improve or optimize the utilization of treatment modalities while at the same time maintaining or improving patient outcomes. Most recent publications describe the application of clinical pathways for the management of CAP in both pediatric and adult populations, reporting success in achieving compliance with national treatment guidelines. As a variation of clinical management pathways, audit tools have also been described that assist in determining the location and length of therapy and proper route of administration of antimicrobial agents with the aim of optimal resource utilization. Emerging rapid diagnostic tools allowing for early identification of pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility have great promise for early optimization of therapy for CAP. Summary There is a growing body of evidence that antimicrobial stewardship initiatives can be applied successfully and effectively to the management of CAP, benefiting both healthcare systems and patients. Such successful applications will likely grow as new techniques and technologies continue to evolve.
Treatment of childhood and adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

In the last 30 years the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia has radically changed and intensified and has resulted in improvements in the chances of cure in children to up to 70% but in adults only 30% will achieve long‐term disease‐free survival. Data from large therapeutic trials have determined good and poor prognostic risk factors which have been of use in planning risk‐directed treatment protocols and can influence the chance of cure. However intensification of treatment has also been associated with increased toxicity and significant late effects, particularly in children. In the future it will be necessary for more international collaboration and a more uniform approach to treatment in order to achieve continued improvements in the survival from this disease. In children it will be necessary to focus efforts on improving treatment of relapsed patients: chemotherapy protocols in those with a first remission of >36 months, or for the high‐risk patients with a shorter first remission, new transplantation approaches directed towards enhancing the graft‐versus‐leukaemia effect are going to be of increasing importance. In adults, continued efforts will be directed towards improving first remission rates with the use of increasingly intensive chemotherapeutic protocols and growth factors. The use of unrelated donor transplantation is also likely to increase, particularly in patients with ‘poor‐risk’ disease.
Exploiting intra-warp address monotonicity for fast memory coalescing in GPUs

Rodŕıguez-Simmonds, Héctor Enrique M.S.E.C. E. , Purdue University, May 2015. Exploiting Intra-Warp Address Monotonicity for Fast Memory Coalescing in GPUs. Major Professor: Mithuna S. Thottethodi. Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are growing increasingly popular as general purpose compute accelerators. GPUs are best suited for applications which have abundant data parallelism wherein the computation expressed as a single thread can be applied over a large set of data items. One key constraint that affects application performance on GPUs is that the underlying hardware is single-instruction, multiple data (SIMD) hardware which requires parallel instructions from the multiple threads to execute in a lock-step manner. The benefits of lock-step execution can be seriously degraded if the threads diverge (because of memory or branches). Specifically in the case of memory, the addresses from each thread in a SIMD ”wavefront/warp” must be coalesced to enable parallel memory access to minimize divergence. The general problem of coalescing assumes arbitrary address distribution which can be slow. This thesis aims to exploit intra-warp address monotonicity (as measured in a recent study by Holic) to achieve fast memory coalescing. Holic’s study reveals the intra-warp addresses are monotonically increasing or decreasing in the common case. The key contributions of this thesis are twofold. First, I design novel hardware coalescing mechanisms to achieve fast-coalescing and quantify the area/delay of my coalescing designs. Second, I quantify the impact of fast-coalescing on overall GPU performance for a suite of GPU benchmarks.
TOWARDS AUTONOMOUS MARS ROVER LOCALIZATION : OPERATIONS IN 2003 MER MISSION AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS FOR FUTURE MISSIONS

During the 2003 Mars Exploration Rover (MER) mission, onboard rover localization has been performed primarily by IMU, wheelodometry, and sun-sensing technologies. In cases where the rover experiences slippage caused by traversing loose soil or steep slopes, particularly in a crater, the onboard visual odometry (VO) technique is applied. A bundle adjustment (BA) method has been performed on Earth to achieve a high-accuracy solution of rover positions by building and adjusting an image network containing all panoramas and traversing images along the entire traverse. An innovative method has been developed to automate cross-site tiepoint selection so that BA-based rover localization can be performed autonomously onboard the rover. Recent results of MER mission operations and field test results are reviewed to demonstrate the effectiveness of this autonomous rover localization technology. * Corresponding author.
Gastrointestinal lymphoma: where morphology meets molecular biology

Primary gastrointestinal lymphomas are best exemplified by mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the stomach and enteropathy‐type T‐cell lymphoma (ETL). Both lymphomas were initially recognized on morphological grounds and their identification as distinct clinicopathological entities has subsequently been vindicated following integrated immunophenotypic, molecular, and cellular biological investigations. Delineation of the phenotypic, molecular, and biological properties of these lymphomas at various clinicopathological stages of their development has also provided critical information for the clinical management of patients with these diseases. Here, the histopathology and recent advances in phenotypic and molecular characterization of gastric MALT lymphoma and ETL and their applications in diagnosis and clinical management are reviewed. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Segmentation of object surfaces using the Haar wavelet at multiple resolutions

The paper addresses the idea of using Haar wavelets to generate multiresolution versions of a binary object's surface and to determine the dominant points of that surface. Finding the dominant points is equivalent to segmenting the surface into its piecewise linear components. Two dimensional and three dimensional segmentation algorithms are described and segmentation results are presented for simple 2D and 3D objects. The performance of this approach is compared for the 2D case to two other established methods. <<ETX>>
Wasserstein Metric Based Adaptive Fuzzy Clustering Methods for Symbolic Data

Given the current limitations in fuzzy clustering metric, the aim of this paper is to present new wasserstein metric based adaptive fuzzy clustering methods for partitioning symbolic interval data. Wasserstein metric shows adavantages in digging distribution information in symbolic interval data. Besides, the proposed fuzzy clustering methods also emphasize correlation structure between indices. Based on it, fuzzy partitions and prototypes for clusters are determined by optimizing adequacy criteria. Finally, the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed methods are validated through experiments with synthetic data sets. SDA (Symbolic Data Analysis) is a new research field in knowledge discovery and data management, and is closely related with multi-dimensional data analysis, pattern recognition and artificial intelligence. It aims to use appropriate methods to analyze, dig implicit information in different symbolic data. Fuzzy clustering is an important branch of fuzzy pattern recognition, it is an unsupervised pattern recognition method, and was widely used in many fields. At present, fuzzy clustering method is generally divided into 5 categories in the international academic research: clustering method based on similarity relation, clustering method based on objective function, based on the transitive closure of fuzzy relation, clustering neural network and clustering method based on advanced algorithm. With the development of computer and the actual problem, clustering method based on objective function has become the mainstream of fuzzy clustering method. Many scholars have made a useful research. Souza, De Carvalho and Diday (1-3) respectively use city-block distance, Hausdorff distance and the Euclidean distance to study the fuzzy clustering of interval data. The three distance formula above are often used in clustering algorithm. But the distance above give too much emphasis to endpoints of interval data, and neglect concentration and discrete distribution of data, the results may be easy to lose information in data distribution. In this paper, we will be the first study of fuzzy clustering using wasserstein measure into interval data, and through the CR index contrasted with other methods, we get the superiority of the method. Research also shows that, if we pay equal attention to indices of interval data, we may ignore the index itself and the inherent correlation structure between indices. In this paper, the first and the second part introduce constraint relationship between indices, and give fuzzy clustering theory model of single index and double index of interval data based on wasserstein measure. The third part identify the relevant methods through simulation experiment and get advantages compared with prior classic methods. Finally gives the conclusion and the improvements discussed.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences the Complexity of Amphibian Population Declines: Understanding the Role of Cofactors in Driving Amphibian Losses

Population losses and extinctions of species are occurring at unprecedented rates, as exemplified by declines and extinctions of amphibians worldwide. However, studies of amphibian population declines generally do not address the complexity of the phenomenon or its implications for ecological communities, focusing instead on single factors affecting particular amphibian species. We argue that the causes for amphibian population declines are complex; may differ among species, populations, and life stages within a population; and are context dependent with multiple stressors interacting to drive declines. Because amphibians are key components of communities, we emphasize the importance of investigating amphibian declines at the community level. Selection pressures over evolutionary time have molded amphibian life history characteristics, such that they may remain static even in the face of strong, recent human-induced selection pressures.
Two Strikingly Different Signaling Pathways Are Induced by Meningococcal Type IV Pili on Endothelial and Epithelial Cells

ABSTRACT Following adhesion on brain microvasculature, Neisseria meningitidis is able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by recruiting the polarity complex and the cell junction proteins, thus allowing the opening of the paracellular route. This feature is the consequence of the activation by the type IV pili of the β2-adrenergic receptor/β-arrestin signaling pathway. Here, we have extended this observation to primary peripheral endothelial cells, and we report that the interaction of N. meningitidis with the epithelium is strikingly different. The recruitment of the junctional components by N. meningitidis is indeed restricted to endothelial cell lines, and no alteration of the cell-cell junctions can be seen in epithelial monolayers following meningococcal type IV pilus-mediated colonization. Consistently, the β2-adrenergic receptor/β-arrestin pathway was not hijacked by bacteria adhering on epithelial cells. In addition, we showed that the consequences of the bacterial signaling on epithelial cells is different from that of endothelial cells, since N. meningitidis-induced signaling which protects the microcolonies from shear stress on endothelial cells is unable to do so on epithelial cells. Finally, we report that the minor pilin PilV, which has been shown to be essential for endothelial cell response, is not a required bacterial determinant to induce an epithelial cell response. These data demonstrate that even though pilus-mediated signaling induces an apparently similar cortical plaque, in epithelial and endothelial cell lineages, the signaling pathways are strikingly different in both models.
Transfer Understanding from Head Queries to Tail Queries

One of the biggest challenges of commercial search engines is how to handle tail queries, or queries that occur very infrequently. Frequent queries, also known as head queries, are easier to handle largely because their intents are evidenced by abundant click-through data (query logs). Tail queries have little historical data to rely on, which makes them difficult to be learned by ranking algorithms. In this paper, we leverage knowledge from two resources to fill the gap. The first is a general knowledgebase containing different granularities of concepts automatically harnessed from the Web. The second is the click-through data for head queries. From the click-through data, we obtain an understanding of queries that trigger clicks. Then, we show that by extracting single or multi-word expressions from both head and tail queries and mapping them to a common concept space defined by the knowledgebase, we are able to transfer the click information of the head queries to the tail queries. To validate our approach, we conduct large scale experiments on two real data sets. One is a mixture of head and tail queries, and the other contains pure tail queries. We show that our approach effectively improves tail query search relevance.
Smoking Outcome Expectancies among College Students.

Alcohol expectancies have been found to predict later onset of drinking among adolescents. This study examined whether the relationship between level of alcohol use and expectancies is paralleled with cigarette smoking, and attempted to identify the content of smoking expectancies. An instrument to measure the sub3ective expected utility of smokiqg was developed by administering an 80-item questionnaire to 382 undergraduate smokers and exsmokers. A principal components analysis yielded four interpretable factors: negative consequences, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and appetite/weight control. Fifty items with high loadings on these factors were retained to create the four scales of the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire. Coefficient alpha reliabilities, calculated from a separate subject sample, averaged . 94. As predicted, the scales were able to differentiate between daily smokers and less frequent smokers. Heavier smokers had more positive expectancies about the effects of smoking, and less negative expectancies. Females had more positive expectancies than me.les on the appetite/weight control scale. Female exsmokers reported much more positive expectancies than male exsmokers on the negative reinforcement scale, suggesting a possible risk factor for females who quit smoking. (Author/NB) ***********************************************************L*********** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ***********************************************************************
FTFD: an informatics pipeline supporting phylogenomic analysis of fungal transcription factors

SUMMARY Genomes of more than 60 fungal species have been sequenced to date, yet there has been no systematic approach to analyze fungal transcription factors (TFs) kingdom widely. We developed a standardized pipeline for annotating TFs in fungal genomes. Resulting data have been archived in a new database termed the Fungal Transcription Factor Database (FTFD). In FTFD, 31,832 putative fungal TFs, identified from 62 fungal and 3 Oomycete species, were classified into 61 families and phylogenetically analyzed. The FTFD will serve as a community resource supporting comparative analyses of the distribution and domain structure of TFs within and across species. AVAILABILITY All data described in this study can be browsed through the FTFD web site at http://ftfd.snu. ac.kr/.
Design of the optimal separating hyperplane for the decision feedback equalizer using support vector machines

The conventional decision feedback equalizer (DFE) separates the different signal classes using a single hyperplane. It is well known that the popular minimum mean square error (MMSE) design is generally not the optimal minimum bit error rate (MBER) solution. We propose a method of designing the separating hyperplane for the conventional DFE based on support vector machines (SVMs). The SVM design achieves asymptotically the MBER solution and can be computed efficiently.
Human kinematic factor for haptic manipulation : the wrist to thumb

The range of human kinematic motion as well as force resolution should be known for design of a haptic device. In addition, a haptic interface can be designed more easily when master and slave devices are the same kinematically. However, human kinematic factors have not been analyzed and applied deeply because of their complexity. Although calibration techniques have been developed, there is a limit to describe the dexterous motion. In this paper haptic manipulation which uses the tactile sensing more often than the visual sensing is defined and analyzed. During haptic manipulation, thumb and the wrist are the most important. The thumb model described has only two variables to be calibrated and successfully expresses opposition which is a unique thumb motion of human. Through this model, the workspace of thumb and three finger grasping haptic manipulation are determined. Especially, this result can be a criterion to design a haptic device which expresses human dexterous motion.
The major histocompatibility complex determines susceptibility to cytotoxic T cells directed against minor histocompatibility antigens

Cytotoxic cells were generated by immunizing one strain of mouse with cells from an allogeneic strain which carries the same H-2 region. The effector cells assayed in a 4 h 51Cr release assay were shown to be T cells and indistinguishable, except in specificity, from cytotoxic T cells directed at H-2 alloantigens. Although the genetic differences between responder and stimulator cells responsible for the immunization did not code in H-2, the H-2 complex did restrict susceptibility of target cells. For example, BALB.B cytotoxic cells (H-2b) immunized against and capable of lysing C57BL/6 cells (H-2b) would not lyse B6.C/H-2d target cells. C57BL/6 and B6.C/H-2d are congenic and differ in the H-2 region. Two hypotheses are considered to explain the H-2 restriction of susceptibility to cytotoxic T cells generated by an H-2 identical alloimmunization. (a) The dual (self) recognition hypothesis states that the cytotoxic cell has two recognition units, one for H-2- coded structures and another clonally restricted receptor for the minor alloantigen. (b) The interaction antigen hypothesis states that all the surface alloantigenic determinants recognized by cytotoxic T cells are the result of interaction between H-2- and non-H-2-coded gene products. Two lines of evidence, one with F1 effector cells and the other a cold target competition experiment, are presented which argue strongly in favor of the interaction antigen hypothesis. The regions of H-2 required to be histocompatible were mapped to the D region and to the left of IC, probably the K region. These results, and recent work on the response to virus-infected and TNP-modified syngeneic cells, suggest that cytotoxic cells are restricted in specificity to preferentially recognizing alterations in structures that are coded in the major histocompatibility complex.