Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Schools and Deprived Communities: A Case Study of a Community-Oriented School

The increase in intra-urban polarisation in Britain has seen the inter-linking of multiple problems amongst certain sections of society (Hills et al., 2010; Aldridge et al., 2012). Within the context of these processes, schools have frequently been positioned as a local regeneration delivery mechanism (Lupton, 2006) with the expectation that they can mobilise a response. However when compared to the totality of other social and economic factors at work, their capacity to do so is weak (Bernstein, 1970). Schools thus occupy a difficult position; rather than driving social change, they struggle to mitigate the relationship between deprivation, poor educational outcomes and poor life chances in general (Fabian Commission on Life Chances and Child Poverty, 2006; Cassen & Kingdon, 2007; Wilkinson and Pickett, 2009; Dyson, 2012). The community-oriented school approach has been adopted across a number of countries in an effort to tackle these issues (Dryfoos & Maguire, 2002; Dyson & Raffo, 2007). This thesis addresses the relationship between schools and their communities using the distinctive example of a school which took a community-oriented approach in an effort to tackle issues which beset the deprived community.Weston Academy opened in 2008 and was sponsored by the main social housing provider in the area, Weston Housing Trust. The school sought to not only improve standards of education but also provide services and support through a joined up approach. This study forms part of a three-year development and research partnership between Weston Academy and the University of Manchester. As a member of the research team, I conducted a longitudinal case study to explore the development of the school and used family case studies to track the impact of their efforts on community members? lives. The research reveals that despite their promising approach, Weston Academy had limited impact. I recognise that although Weston Academy sought to improve standards, this over-shadowed their more community-focused efforts, meaning that they developed on two separate tracks. However, this study shows the effects of these actions were increasingly intertwined. I thus argue that the standardised nature of how schools operate ultimately restricts the extent they are able to tackle issues which beset deprived communities. I close with a consideration for what kinds of differences community-oriented schools might be expected to make in the future.
Contested Space

At the center of Chicago’s large-scale public housing transformation is a stated emphasis on economic integration. Based on interviews, field observations, and documentary research in three new, mixed-income communities that were built on the footprint of former public housing developments in Chicago, this article examines how design choices and regulatory regimes militate against the effective integration of public housing residents in these contexts. We find that the strategies used to maintain social order contribute to redirecting the integrationist aims of the development policy toward a kind of incorporated exclusion, in which physical integration reproduces marginalization and leads more to withdrawal and alienation than to the engagement and inclusion of relocated public housing residents and other low-income residents.
Dealing with geospatial information in the semantic web

Geospatial information plays a critical role to the military user. Geospatial Web Services promise to make such information more readily available. Searching for the right Geospatial information, however, is a difficult task. The Semantic Web promises to facilitate this process by improving the capability to search for information by better expressing the context and meaning of the search query. Meshing the two approaches to create a Geospatial Semantic Web is an idea that is gaining prominence in both areas of Geospatial Information Science and Semantic Web Services. The Defence Science and Technology Organisation is also working to develop a system to explore and develop the Geospatial Semantic Web as a concept. We report our initial thoughts about the feasibility of such a program.
IRAK-1 Expression in CD4 T Helper Cells by Differential Regulation of Foxp3 and IL-17

Host immune responses are ﬁnely regulated by the opposing effects of Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells. Treg cells help to dampen inﬂammatory processes and Th17 cells facilitate various aspects of immune activation. The differentiation of Th cells depends on a unique combination of stimulants and subsequent activation of diverse transcription factors. In particular, cooperative activation of NFAT and Smad3 leads to the induction of Treg cells, and cooperation among STAT3 and Smad3 switches to the induction of Th17 cells. We have previously shown that the IL-1 receptor associated kinase 1 (IRAK-1) selectively activates STAT3 and inactivates NFAT. Physiological studies have shown that IRAK-1 (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice are protected from developing various inﬂammatory diseases, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and atherosclerosis with unknown mechanism. In this study, we demonstrate that IRAK-1 plays a critical modulatory role in the differentiation of Th17 and Treg cells. Following stimulation with TCR agonists and TGF (cid:2) , IRAK-1 (cid:1) / (cid:1) CD4 Th cells display elevated nuclear NFATc2 levels and increased interaction of NFATc2 and Smad3, resulting in increased expression of Foxp3, a key marker for Treg cells. IRAK-1 (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice have constitutively higher populations of Treg cells. In contrast, when stimulated with TCR agonists together with IL-6 and TGF- (cid:2) , IRAK-1 (cid:1) / (cid:1) CD4 Th cells exhibit attenuated STAT3 Ser727 phosphorylation and reduced expression of IL-17 and ROR (cid:3) t compared with wild-type cells. Correspondingly, IRAK-1 deletion results in decreased IL-17 expression and dampened inﬂammatory responses in acute and
SP3/SP1 Transcription Activity Regulates Specific Expression of Collagen Type X in Hypertrophic Chondrocytes*

Previously, we have shown that two non-canonical specificity protein (SP)-binding sites within the proximal promoter (nucleotide (nt) –139 to +5) of the chicken Col10a1 gene are involved in conferring tissue-specific expression of type X collagen to hypertrophic chondrocytes. In the present study, we examined the role of SP3/SP1 transcription factors in the regulation of the Col10a1 promoter. The SP3/SP1 ratio is higher in hypertrophic versus non-hypertrophic chondrocytes, due to the significant decrease in SP1 in hypertrophic cells detected by real-time PCR and Western blot analyses. Functional analyses by transfection-mediated overexpression of SP1 and SP3 suggest that SP1 inhibits the Col10a1 promoter. This effect is negated by an interaction with SP3 in hypertrophic chondrocytes. Additionally, mutation analysis showed that the 40-bp intervening sequence (nt –115 to –75) is required for expression of the Col10a1 gene. In this sequence, a binding site for Dlx5/6 transcription factors (nt –99 to –87) retards a protein specific for hypertrophic chondrocytes in electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Endogenous levels of Dlx5 are 3-fold higher in hypertrophic versus non-hypertrophic cells by real-time PCR analysis, and overexpression of Dlx5 in non-hypertrophic chondrocytes activates the proximal Col10a1 promoter 3-fold. These results indicate that the SP3/SP1 ratio and Dlx5 are important regulators of the proximal Col10a1 promoter in hypertrophic cartilage and suggest that interactions between SP3 and SP1 regulate expression of different types of collagen during chondrocyte differentiation.
Scheduling Algorithm Design for Virtualized Hardware Accelerator in C-RAN

In order to improve energy efficiency of computation-intensive workloads in Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN), virtualized hardware accelerators (HA) are proposed in this paper. In C-RAN architecture, the base stations (BS) are running in the virtual machines. Virtualization mechanism of HA makes each BS feel like owning a HA exclusively, but actually BSs sharing the HAs. To tackle the problem of efficiently sharing HA by multiple BSs in the cloud platform, a scheduling algorithm with pipelined first-come-first-service (FCFS) was proposed in this paper, named PL-FCFS. PL-FCFS sets up two queues for tasks aiming to fully utilize HA with pipelining model. With this design, multiple virtual BSs can access the HA simultaneously and efficiently. To evaluate the performance of PL-FCFS, we use HA to accelerate turbo decoding of LTE physical layer(LTE PHY), and implement this scheduling algorithm for virtuaized HA in Xen paravirtualization environment. Experimental results indicate that four virtual BSs running LTE PHY with 5M bandwidth can be supported well by the PL-FCFS based evaluation system, and the performance is improved by 25% compared with FCFS scheduling algorithm.
Boardtalker: Initial experiences and open problems in prototyping a talking digital whiteboard to assist visually impaired students

BoardTalker is an assistive technology system that is designed to help visually impaired students by allowing them to hear material that is written extemporaneously on a whiteboard during class. The system uses a touch -sensitive electronic whiteboard that the teacher can write on with his or her finger. Material written by the teacher is converted to ASCII text and displayed on the surface of the board where it can be read by the fully-sighted students in the class. The visually impaired student can press a button that causes the current contents of the board to be spoken into an earpiece or small speaker. Several prototypical systems were developed by students in the author's Human Computer Interaction class; common themes, lessons learned and open problems are presented based on these prototypes.
Volume-preserving free-form solids

Some important trends in geometric modeling are the reliance on solid models rather than surfaceba.swd models and the enhancement of the expressive power of models, by using free-form objects in addition to the usual geometric primitives and by incorporating physical principles. An additional trend is the emphasis on interactive performance. In this paper we integrate all of these requirements in a single geometric primitive by endowing the tri-variate tensor product free-form solid with several important physical properties, including volume and internal deformat ion energy, l~olurne preservation is of benefit in several application areas of geometric modeling, including computer animation, industrial design and mechanical rngiueeri ug. However, previous physics-based methods, which usually have used some forms of ‘energy’, have neglected the issue of volume (or area) preservation, We present a novel method for modeling an object composed of several tensor-product solids while preserving the desired volume of each primitive and ensuring high-order continuity constraints between the primitives. The nlethod utilizes the Uzawa algorithm for non-linear optimization, with objective functions based 011deformation energy or least squares. We show how the algorithm can be used in an interactive environment by relaxing exactness requirements while the user interactively manipulates free-form solid primitives On current, workstations, the algorithm runs ill real-time for tri-quadratic volumes and close to realtinle for tri-cubic volumes. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copyin is by permission of the Association of Computing f Machinery. o copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee andlor specific permission. Solid Modeling ’95, Salt Lake City, Utah USA
Electrostatic integrity and performance enhancement for UTB InGaAs-OI MOSFET with high-k dielectric through spacer design

The impact of spacer design on the electrostatic integrity (EI) and performance of Ultra-Thin-Body (UTB) InGaAs-OI MOSFETs with various high-k dielectrics are analyzed. With fixed EOT and Ioff, performance and EI degrade as gate dielectric constant (k) increases. Compared with nitride spacer, UTB InGaAs-OI MOSFET with vacuum spacer can mitigate the EI and performance degradations due to thicker physical layer of high-k dielectric. UTB InGaAs-OI MOSFET with high-k dielectric (k ≥ 18) and vacuum spacer shows larger Ion, smaller DIBL and subthreshold swing than that with nitride spacer. With fixed EOT, using gate-to-source/drain underlap can suppress the performance degradation as gate dielectric constant increases. For UTB InGaAs-OI MOSFET with underlap design, using nitride spacer may improve its gate control of channel potential and show better performance than vacuum spacer.
Digital Test Generation and Design for Testability

This paper is a tutorial intended primarily for individuals just getting started in digital testing. Basic concepts of testing are described, and the steps in the test development process are discussed. A pragmatic approach to test sequence generation is presented, oriented towards ICs interconnected on a board. Finally, design for testability techniques are described, with an emphasis on solving problems that appeared during the test generation discussion.
Adaptive Repetitive Control of System Subject to Periodic Disturbance with Time-Varying Frequency

Repetitive Control (RC) has been widely used to track/reject periodic signal. However, RC alone fails to track any non-periodic reference signal. Another control scheme such as Model Reference Control (MRC) or Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) is required to do such task. MRC is employed when the plant parameters are known, while MRAC is used when the plant parameters are unknown. Therefore, MRC/MRAC needs to be combined with RC in order to simultaneously track any reference signal (not necessarily periodic) and reject the periodic disturbance. The design of RC mostly assumes the constant frequency of disturbance which leads to the selection of a fixed sampling period. In practical, disturbance is possibly time-varying in frequency. The sampling period has to be carefully adjusted in order to keep the number of samples per period remains constant. This sampling period adjustments change the plant parameters. This paper proposes the design of MRAC combined with RC for system subject to periodic disturbance with time-varying frequency. As a preliminary, the design of MRC combined with RC is also discussed here.
Applying Behavioural Science to EU Policy-Making

This report offers a brief introduction to behavioural science and its application in an EU policy context. It explains what needs to be taken into consideration when applying behavioural science to policy. It stresses the need to identify the behavioural element of a policy and select the appropriate method of research. The report also provides illustrations of how behavioural science has been applied in the past and offers practical recommendations for designing behavioural studies.
Development of a Fuel Cell Hybrid Low-Speed Electric Vehicle Testing Facility

A dynamometer system for testing fuel cell hybrid low-speed electric vehicles (FCHLSEVs) is developed in this work. The system is designed to assist in the analysis and development of FCHLSEVs as well as in the validation of current vehicle performance modeling methods. It will be used as a design and evaluation tool for various vehicular fuel cell power systems and low-speed electric vehicles. The system consists of: roller units, eddy-current absorber and controller, a custom platform for housing, custom connection and adjustment parts, data acquisition electronics and software, and research software. The paper presents the dynamometer system design; the mechanics model of low-speed vehicles and their testing methods that is used in the design and optimization of FCHLSEV, and the operation of the dynamometer system; the designed dynamometer platform and its variations for testing of various FCHLSEVs, including fuel cell battery hybrid electric scooters and utility vehicles. The work provides a unique research tool for developing the mathematical models and carrying out the design optimization of FCHLSEVs
Automatic control application recovery in distributed IEC 61499 based automation and control systems

Modern industrial automation systems are supposed to execute applications distributed across heterogeneous networks. Additionally the market has raised a demand for downtime less operation and change of automation and control for such systems. Consequently appropriate concepts for recovering and reconfiguring devices during full operation are needed. The open standard IEC 61499 provides a scalable architecture to model applications for such distributed control systems. It supports interoperability, configurability and portability of control applications and therefore delivers the basis for online-configuration and recovery of heterogeneous systems. The main goal of this paper is to present a concept for autonomous recovery of applications within the context of distributed systems. The proposed concept facilitates the exchange of devices without any need for extra configuration. It supports an automatic recognition of new components in a distributed automation & control system and an automated up & download of control applications, user data and configuration data. The introduced approach is tested using an Ethernet-interconnected distributed demonstration system, consisting of standard personal computers with a running IEC 61499 function block development kit
The challenge of high capital inflows to financial stability: an emerging market perspective

High liquidity and continued economic weakness in advanced economies have led to a surge in capital flows to emerging markets with strong fundamentals and open financial accounts such as Brazil. While capital inflows have undeniable benefits to emerging economies, they are also potentially destabilising. Past experience has shown that high levels of capital inflows can lead to exchange rate volatility and credit or asset price bubbles. In the context of Brazil’s inflation-targeting regime for monetary policy, macroprudential measures have proved to be a useful complement to traditional macroeconomic policies. However, today’s imbalanced global economy presents an especially difficult challenge for policymakers. The international financial community needs to work together on two fronts: improving our macroprudential toolkit and building a stronger framework for multilateral macroeconomic cooperation.
Camera Position Optimization Using the Effective Area In Light Field Rendering

In light field rendering, images captured by cameras are used to render virtual views. The changes in camera positions lead to different rendering quality. To improve rendering quality, it is necessary to optimize the camera position. This paper proposes a mathematical model based on a definition called effective area (EA) to rearrange cameras. EA connects camera position with the rendering error so as to quantify the suitability of a camera position for a given arrangement of virtual views. Using the EA, we present an optimization algorithm for camera position to yield the optimal quality. Simulate results demonstrate that EA can be used to quantify the rendering quality. We also show the optimization results of different arrangement of virtual views.
Enhanced low bitrate H.264 video coding using decoder-side super-resolution and frame interpolation

Abstract. Advanced inter-prediction modes are introduced recently in literature to improve video coding performances of both H.264 and High Efficiency Video Coding standards. Decoder-side motion analysis and motion vector derivation are proposed to reduce coding costs of motion information. Here, we introduce enhanced skip and direct modes for H.264 coding using decoder-side super-resolution (SR) and frame interpolation. P- and B-frames are downsampled and H.264 encoded at lower resolution (LR). Then reconstructed LR frames are super-resolved using decoder-side motion estimation. Alternatively for B-frames, bidirectional true motion estimation is performed to synthesize a B-frame from its reference frames. For P-frames, bicubic interpolation of the LR frame is used as an alternative to SR reconstruction. A rate-distortion optimal mode selection algorithm is developed to decide for each MB which of the two reconstructions to use as skip/direct mode prediction. Simulations indicate an average of 1.04 dB peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) improvement or 23.0% bitrate reduction at low bitrates when compared with H.264 standard. The PSNR gains reach as high as 3.00 dB for inter-predicted frames and 3.78 dB when only B-frames are considered. Decoded videos exhibit significantly better visual quality as well.
The Application of Visual Analytics to Financial Stability Monitoring

This paper provides an overview of visual analytics—the science of analytical reasoning enhanced by interactive visualizations tightly coupled with data analytics software—and discusses its potential benefits in monitoring systemic financial stability. The core strength of visual analytics is to combine visualization's high-bandwidth information channel to the human analyst with the flexibility and power of rapid-iteration analytics. This combination is especially valuable in the context of macroprudential supervision, which is increasingly dominated by large volumes of dynamic and heterogeneous data. Our contribution is to describe and categorize the analytical challenges faced by macroprudential supervisors, and to indicate where and how visual analytics can increase supervisors’ comprehension of the data stream, helping to transform it into actionable knowledge to support informed decision- and policy-making. The paper concludes with suggestions for a research agenda.
The study on human walking gait analysis system for the design of walking power-assisted robot

Walking power-assisted robot is a wearable exoskeleton leg for augmentation of the human walking ability. It is anthropomorphic, parallels to the human lower limbs and interfaces to the human via shoulder straps, waist belt, thigh cuffs, and a shoe connection such that the geometry of the human and the machine approximately match one another. It is important and necessary for analyzing the human walking gait in order to reality the power-assisted robot walking coincident with the operator, and human walking gait data will provide some useful bases for the design of power-assisted robot. So in this paper we focus on introducing the walking gait analysis system which we have developed.
Validated Instruments for Assessing Female Sexual Function

In this article, we review five instruments for assessing female sexual dysfunction (FSD): the Brief Index of Sexual Functioning for Women (BISF-W; Taylor, Rosen, & Leiblum, 1994), the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ; Clayton, McGarvy, & Clavet, 1997), the Derogatis Interview for Sexual Functioning (DISF/DISFSR; Derogatis, 1997), the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI; Rosen et al., 2000), and the Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS; Rust & Golombok, 1986). The purpose of this article is to highlight the psychometric properties of these questionnaires in an effort to assist researchers in selecting effective measurement tools for FSD.