Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Roadmap Enhanced Improvement to the VSIMM Tracker via a Constrained Stochastic Context Free Grammar

The aim of syntactic tracking is to classify spatio-temporal patterns of a target's motion using natural language processing models. In this paper, we generalize earlier work by considering a constrained stochastic context free grammar (CSCFG) for modeling patterns confined to a roadmap. The constrained grammar facilitates modeling specific directions and road names in a roadmap. We present a novel particle filtering algorithm that exploits the CSCFG model for estimating the target's patterns. This meta-level algorithm operates in conjunction with a base-level tracking algorithm. Extensive numerical results using simulated ground moving target indicator (GMTI) radar measurements show substantial improvement in target tracking accuracy.
Application of business intelligence solutions on manufacturing data

Wide range of software from business intelligence (BI) category are used in almost every big company. They allow users to create various reports and analyses. BI idea was primary used for business data, but now many companies like Wonderware, Rockwell are offering solutions for manufacturing data, so new form of intelligence was formed. It is called Manufacturing intelligence or Enterprise intelligence. This paper deals with idea that normal Business intelligence solutions can be used for basic reporting of manufacturing data that covers wide range of user needs. We used data from the biggest private employer in Slovakia, U.S. Steel in Kosice, and BI solutions named Cognos from IBM and second from Oracle. Results was presented management aimed on new IT solutions.
Semantic segmentation of video collections using boosted random fields

Multimedia documentalists need effective tools to organize and search into large video collections. Semantic video structuring consists in automatically extracting from the raw data the inner structure of a video collection. This high-level information if automatically extracted would provide important meta information enabling the development of an important new range of applications to browse and search video collections. In this paper, we present the feature extraction process providing a compact description of the audio, visual and text modalities. To reach the semantic level required, a contextual model is then proposed: it is a complex model which takes into account not only the link between features and labels but also the compatibility between labels associated with different modalities for improved consistency of the results. Boosted Random Fields are used to learn these relationships. It provides an iterative optimization framework to learn the model parameters and uses the abilities of boosting to reduce classification errors, to avoid over-fitting and to achieve the task of feature selection. We experiment using the TRECvid corpus and show results that validate the approach over existing studies.
PETROLEUM INCOME AND NIGERIAN ECONOMY : EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OGBONNA

This study investigates the effects of petroleum income on the Nigerian economy for the period 2000 to 2009 using the gross domestic product (GDP), per capita income (PCI), and inflation (INF) as the explained variables, and oil revenue, petroleum profit tax/royalties (PPT\R), and licensing fees (LF) as the explanatory variables. The sample covers all the economic sectors of the country, including the oil sector and the non-oil sector. This study relied mostly on secondary data from Central Bank of Nigeria’s Statistical Bulletin, Nigerian National Bureau of Statistics, and the Nigerian national Petroleum Corporation. Simple regressions models and Statistical Package for Social Sciences were used in this study to evaluate the data collected. The results show that oil revenue has a positive and significant relationship with GDP and PCI, but a positive and insignificant relationship with INF. Similarly, PPT/R has a positive and significant relationship with GDP and PCI, but a negative and insignificant relationship with inflation. It was also found that LF has a positive but insignificant relationship between GDP, PCI and INF, respectively. Based on these findings, this study concludes that petroleum income (oil revenue and PPT/R)has positively and significantly impacted the Nigerian economy when measured by GDP and PCI for the period 2000 to 2009. This study therefore suggests that the effect of petroleum income on the Nigerian economy was positive for the period reviewed.
We need an educationally relevant definition of mobile learning

In this paper we challenge current definitions of mobile learning and suggest that the direction of progress, both in theoretical/applied research as well as its role as a tool that serves social transformation and development, will be determined and even dictated by the availability of an adequate definition. A new framework for the definition of mobile learning is proposed, one that considers a repertoire of domains, and which embraces not only technical, methodological and educational aspects, but also considers social and philosophical dimensions.
Economic and Political Freedom as Determinants of the 1997-98 Financial Crisis

The recent east Asian crisis has lead to calls for a new international financial architecture. This paper investigates the crisis in terms of a "grabbing hand" theory of the state. Results indicate that those economies that chose not to have floating exchange rates and chose to have inconsistencies between economic freedom and political and civil freedoms were most affected by the crisis. This finding undermines any contagion arguments and consequently there is no basis for restructuring the financial architecture.
IL-13 but not IL-4 signaling via IL-4Rα protects mice from papilloma formation during DMBA/TPA two-step skin carcinogenesis

Interleukin 4 (IL‐4) was shown to be tumor‐promoting in full carcinogenesis studies using 3‐methylcholanthrene (MCA). Because heretofore the role of IL‐4 in DMBA/TPA (9,10‐dimethyl‐1,2‐benz‐anthracene/12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate) two‐stage carcinogenesis was not studied, we performed such experiments using either IL‐4−/− or IL‐4Rα−/− mice. We found that IL‐4Rα−/− but not IL‐4−/− mice have enhanced papilloma formation, suggesting that IL‐13 may be involved. Indeed, IL‐13−/− mice developed more papillomas after exposure to DMBA/TPA than their heterozygous IL‐13‐competent littermate controls. However, when tested in a full carcinogenesis experiment, exposure of mice to 25 μg of MCA, both IL‐13−/− and IL‐13+/− mice led to the same incidence of tumors. While IL‐4 enhances MCA carcinogenesis, it does not play a measurable role in our DMBA/TPA carcinogenesis experiments. Conversely, IL‐13 does not affect MCA carcinogenesis but protects mice from DMBA/TPA carcinogenesis. One possible explanation is that IL‐4 and IL‐13, although they share a common IL‐4Rα chain, regulate signaling in target cells differently by employing distinct JAK/STAT‐mediated signaling pathways downstream of IL‐13 or IL‐4 receptor complexes, resulting in different inflammatory transcriptional programs. Taken together, our results indicate that the course of DMBA/TPA‐ and MCA‐induced carcinogenesis is affected differently by IL‐4 versus IL‐13‐mediated inflammatory cascades.
A representation structure for software process tailoring based on BPMN high-level operations

Since building software processes from scratch involves considerable effort, process tailoring should be practiced to adapt existing processes deriving new alternate ones that fit specific needs. Although several approaches have already been proposed to specify software process tailoring, some challenges remain open. Techniques and mechanisms are still required to specify and track specific variations on the software process control-flow. Thus, this paper presents a new representation structure for software process tailoring that is based on high-level operations defined as BPMN extension concepts and associated support mechanisms. Such structure intents to contribute allowing the specification, record, and traceability of detailed control-flow variations required in the context of software process tailoring as well as facilitating the specification of such variations and improving their understanding.
Particle suspension reactors and materials for solar-driven water splitting

Reactors based on particle suspensions for the capture, conversion, storage, and use of solar energy as H2 are projected to be cost-competitive with fossil fuels. In light of this, this review paper summarizes state-of-the-art particle light absorbers and cocatalysts as suspensions (photocatalysts) that demonstrate visible-light-driven water splitting on the laboratory scale. Also presented are reactor descriptions, theoretical considerations particular to particle suspension reactors, and efficiency and performance characterization metrics. Opportunities for targeted research, analysis, and development of reactor designs are highlighted.
Interacting with the Real World: a Way of Teaching Artiicial Intelligence Concepts

We describe a variety of projects developed as part of a course in Artiicial Intelligence at the University of Minnesota. The projects cover navigation of small mobile robots and learning to accomplish simple tasks, and require a variety of approaches from neural networks to genetic programming to reactive behaviors. The projects have all been implemented on real robots. We discuss how the combination of robotics with Artiicial Intelligence adds value to the learning of AI concepts and how the fun of building and programming a robot is a highly motivating force for the learning process.
A hash code method for detecting and correcting spelling errors

The most common spelling errors are one extra letter, one missing letter, one wrong letter, or the transposition of two letters. Deletion, exchange, and rotation operators are defined which detect and “mend” such spelling errors and thus permit retrieval despite the errors. These three operators essentially delete a letter of a word, exchange two adjacent letters, and rotate a word cyclically. Moreover, the operators can be used in conjunction with hashing, thus permitting very fast retrieval. Results of experiments run on large databases in Hebrew and in English are briefly indicated.
Counting on the environment: forest incomes and the rural poor

Environmental income is defined as rent (or value added) captured through consumption, barter, or sale of natural capital within the first link in a market chain, starting from the point at which the natural capital is extracted or appropriated. The present study, which focuses on forest environmental income, had two main objectives. The first was to investigate the extent to which people in rural areas of developing countries depend on income from forest environmental resources, and how this dependence is conditioned by different political, economic, ecological, and sociocultural factors. This is accomplished by a meta-analysis of 54 case studies. The second objective was to review research methodology and make recommendations for best practices in assessment of forest environmental income. Although there are substantial variations in methodology and quality of case studies, results indicate that forest environmental income represents a significant income source with an average contribution to household income of some 22 percent in the populations sampled. The main sources of forest environmental incomes are fuelwood, wild foods, and fodder for animals. Forest environmental income has a strong and significant equalizing effect on local income distribution. Cash income constitutes about half of total forest environmental income. The report recommends the development of research protocols, field methods, and simple analytical models to analyze the role of environmental income in rural livelihoods. More in-depth studies are needed to unravel the roles of local heterogeneity and social differentiation. Extended studies that generate time series data would assist in understanding the role of environmental income in both individual household strategies and in broader development strategies. The omission of forest environmental income in national statistics and in poverty assessments leads to an underestimation of rural incomes, and a lack of appreciation of the value of environment. In areas where environmental income is important, this omission may also lead to flawed policies and interventions.
Group Dynamics in the Cyberspace (Case Study on ‘Komunitas Blogger Jogja’ and ‘Loenpia Dot Net’)

<p><em><span>Context of this study derived from communication studies, emphasizes on the perspective of ’a cultural shift’ as a result of the ’cyberspace’ phenomenon as an impact of the current-computing technology, and the changing patterns of information transmission and communication. Researchers conducted indepth interviews, towards the members of a bloggers community, such as 'Komunitas Blogger Jogja' (bloggerjogja.org), and 'Loenpia Dot Net' (loenpia.net/blog) which is a bloggers community based in Semarang</span><span lang="IN">. </span><span>This research use qualitative analysis</span><span lang="IN"> with descriptive approach</span><span>. </span><span>As results, ’</span><span lang="SV">group dynamics’ that are developed by each community, corresponds with the community character and nature, to maintain the self-existence. Member of bloggers community maintain the existence of his/her bloggers community, conducted by interacting on a regular basis amongst community members, as well as build awareness for the netizens by upload various information on his/her personal blog, linked with community web page. </span></em></p>
Musical Pattern Extraction for Melodic Segmentation

Despite the fact that musical parallelism is considered as an important factor for musical segmentation, there have been very few attempts to describe systematically how exactly it affects grouping processes. The main problem is that musical parallelism itself is very difficult to formalise. In this paper a computational model will be presented that extracts melodic patterns from a given melodic surface. Following the assumption that the beginning and ending points of 'significant' repeating musical patterns influence the segmentation of a musical surface, the discovered patterns are used as a means to determine probable segmentation points of the melody. ‘Significant’ patterns are defined primarily in terms of frequency of occurrence and length of pattern. The special status of non-overlapping immediately-repeating patterns is examined. All the discovered patterns merge into a single ‘pattern’ segmentation profile that signifies points in the surface that are most likely to be perceived as points of segmentation. The effectiveness of the algorithm is tested against a series of musical surfaces illustrating both strengths and weaknesses of the approach.
Privacy preserving record linkage using homomorphic encryption

The bloom filter method for privacy preserving record linkage [24] has been shown to be both efficient, and provide equivalent linkage quality to that achievable with unencoded identifiers [23]. However in some situations, the bloom filter method may be vulnerable to frequency attacks, which could potentially leak identifying information [18]. In this paper we extend the bloom filter protocol to include a homomorphic encryption step which removes the vulnerability to frequency attacks. We evaluate our method by conducting a de-duplication of emergency presentation data.
Design energy harvesting device of UHF TV stations

Electromagnetic waves are one of alternative energy sources that can be converted to DC power source. UHF TV transmitter station is one of the electromagnetic wave sources. This is very potential to drive ultra low power devices at nodes of WSN. The Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting (RFEH) system efficiency is the main concerned issue beside voltage multiplication. By using commercial antenna log periodic gain 7 dBi this research focused on matching circuit and power harvester circuit. Designed matching circuit is open circuit single stub tuner built of coaxial cable. While power harvester circuit is combination circuit of Villard and Dickson voltage multipliers (2 stages Villard, 3 stages Dickson). Based on measurement of power receive level from UHF TV Stations in Pekanbaru, the highest result is 4.1 dBm radius 200 m from the station at 655.75 MHz. In laboratory works, by generated signal from SSG (frequency: 655.75 MHz, Tx Power: 4.1 dBm) the output of RFEH system is 2.1 V at no load condition and without single stub tuner. When single stub tuner inserted to the system (d1: 7.4 cm and d2: 15.1 cm) the output of system is 2.7 V at no load condition. System efficiency without matching circuit is 1.2%. While system efficiency with matching circuit is 0.4%. It caused by matching circuit loss. If SSG generates higher power level (frequency: 655.75 MHz, Tx Power: 13 dBm) the RFEH system output is 4V at no load condition without single stub tuner, efficiency is 3.9%. When single stub tuner inserted to the system, the output is 8.8 V at no load condition, efficiency become 14.6%. However if frequency varied in the system without matching circuit, the efficiency can reach 17.3%.
The Faculty of Language Integrates the Two Core Systems of Number

Only humans possess the faculty of language that allows an infinite array of hierarchically structured expressions (Hauser et al., 2002; Berwick and Chomsky, 2015). Similarly, humans have a capacity for infinite natural numbers, while all other species seem to lack such a capacity (Gelman and Gallistel, 1978; Dehaene, 1997). Thus, the origin of this numerical capacity and its relation to language have been of much interdisciplinary interest in developmental and behavioral psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and linguistics (Dehaene, 1997; Hauser et al., 2002; Pica et al., 2004). Hauser et al. (2002) and Chomsky (2008) hypothesize that a recursive generative operation that is central to the computational system of language (called Merge) can give rise to the successor function in a set-theoretic fashion, from which capacities for discretely infinite natural numbers may be derived. However, a careful look at two domains in language, grammatical number and numerals, reveals no trace of the successor function. Following behavioral and neuropsychological evidence that there are two core systems of number cognition innately available, a core system of representation of large, approximate numerical magnitudes and a core system of precise representation of distinct small numbers (Feigenson et al., 2004), I argue that grammatical number reflects the core system of precise representation of distinct small numbers alone. In contrast, numeral systems arise from integrating the pre-existing two core systems of number and the human language faculty. To the extent that my arguments are correct, linguistic representations of number, grammatical number, and numerals do not incorporate anything like the successor function.
Linearized Additive Classifiers

We revisit the additive model learning literature and adapt a penalized spline formulation due to Eilers and Marx, to train additive classifiers efficiently. We also propose two new embeddings based two classes of orthogonal basis with orthogonal derivatives, which can also be used to efficiently learn additive classifiers. This paper follows the popular theme in the current literature where kernel SVMs are learned much more efficiently using a approximate embedding and linear machine. In this paper we show that spline basis are especially well suited for learning additive models because of their sparsity structure and the ease of computing the embedding which enables one to train these models in an online manner, without incurring the memory overhead of precomputing the storing the embeddings. We show interesting connections between B-Spline basis and histogram intersection kernel and show that for a particular choice of regularization and degree of the B-Splines, our proposed learning algorithm closely approximates the histogram intersection kernel SVM. This enables one to learn additive models with almost no memory overhead compared to fast a linear solver, such as LIBLINEAR, while being only 5-6X slower on average. On two large scale image classification datasets, MNIST and Daimler Chrysler pedestrians, the proposed additive classifiers are as accurate as the kernel SVM, while being two orders of magnitude faster to train.
Graphical Communication of Uncertain Quantities to Nontechnical People

Nine pictorial displays for communicating quantitative information about the value of an uncertain quantity, x, were evaluated for their ability to communicate xI„, p(x > a) and p(b > x > a) to wellâ€ educated semiâ€ and nontechnical subjects. Different displays performed best in different applications. Cumulative distribution functions alone can severely mislead some subjects in estimating the mean. A â€œrustyâ€ knowledge of statistics did not improve performance, and even people with a good basic knowledge of statistics did not perform as well as one would like. Until further experiments are performed, the authors recommend the use of a cumulative distribution function plotted directly above a probability density function with the same horizontal scale, and with the location of the mean clearly marked on both curves.
Software Engineers' Information Seeking Behavior in Change Impact Analysis - An Interview Study

Software engineers working in large projects must navigate complex information landscapes. Change Impact Analysis (CIA) is a task that relies on engineers' successful information seeking in databases storing, e.g., source code, requirements, design descriptions, and test case specifications. Several previous approaches to support information seeking are task-specific, thus understanding engineers' seeking behavior in specific tasks is fundamental. We present an industrial case study on how engineers seek information in CIA, with a particular focus on traceability and development artifacts that are not source code. We show that engineers have different information seeking behavior, and that some do not consider traceability particularly useful when conducting CIA. Furthermore, we observe a tendency for engineers to prefer less rigid types of support rather than formal approaches, i.e., engineers value support that allows flexibility in how to practically conduct CIA. Finally, due to diverse information seeking behavior, we argue that future CIA support should embrace individual preferences to identify change impact by empowering several seeking alternatives, including searching, browsing, and tracing.