Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Middle Aging of New Public Management: Into the Age of Paradox?

По мере того как «новый государственный менеджмент» (new public management) входит в свой средний возраст, внимание ученых смещается от простого описания происходящего и априорного теоретизирования к анализу сюрпризов и парадоксов, связанных с недавними и текущими реформами государственной службы. Некоторые из стандартных аналитических концепций для изучения таких парадоксов, рассматриваемых в данной статье, находятся в русле мертонианской традиции исследования непреднамеренных результатов регулирования жизни общества, культурных теорий сюрпризов и анализа прерывности и нелинейности в функционировании сложных систем, хотя до настоящего времени литература в области нового государственного менеджмента использовала первую концепцию более интенсивно, чем две остальные. На основании изучения реформ государственного управления, которые могли внести свой вклад в появление парадоксальных эффектов, мы делаем вывод о том, что анализ таких парадоксов может помочь развитию административной науки, а также пониманию реформ общественного сектора.
Auditory Distraction and Short-Term Memory: Phenomena and Practical Implications

Irrelevant sound tends to break through selective attention and impair cognitive performance. This observation has been brought under systematic scrutiny by laboratory studies measuring interference with memory performance during exposure to irrelevant sound. These studies established that the degree of interference depends on the properties of the irrelevant sound as well as those of the cognitive task. The way in which this interference increases or diminishes as characteristics of the sound and of the cognitive task are changed reveals key functional characteristics of auditory distraction. A number of important practical implications that arise from these studies are discussed, including the finding that relatively quiet background sound will have a marked effect on efficiency in performing cognitive tasks.
Developmental Contextualism:An Instance of Development System Theories

Developmental Contextualism,as an instance of developmental system theories,represents a new and increasingly influential theoretical perspective on human development.The central idea of Developmental Contextualism lies in that changing,reciprocal relations(or dynamic interactions) between individuals and the multiple contexts within which they live comprise the essential process of human development,and that the goodness-of-fit of between the person and the context can foster the positive development of individual.In contrast with the notion of predetermined epigenesis as reflected in many stage theories of human development,theorists of Developmental Contextualism admit greater plasticity in development and believe that developmental changes are probabilistic in respect to normative outcome due to variations in the timing of biological,psychological,and social factors(or levels) that provide integrative base of ontogenetic progression.The circular effects research—a new research approach—has been proposed by Developmental Contextualism to investigate the circulate functions in development.
Obsessive compulsive disorder.

© Mind Health Institute, Newport Beach 2017 What is OCD? OCD is an anxiety disorder that is characterized by recurrent, intrusive, and sometimes disturbing thoughts (obsessions) as well as urges to perform ritualistic or repetitive behaviors (compulsions). In an attempt to control the anxiety associated with obsessions, a person with OCD often engages in specific behaviors or rituals. This may provide temporary relief from anxiety. However, over time, compulsions actually increase anxiety and interfere with daily life. Obsessive Thought
Framing Sarah Palin: Pit Bulls, Puritans, and Politics by Linda Beail and Rhonda Kinney LongworthWomen and the White House: Gender, Popular Culture, and Presidential Politics edited by Justin S. Vaughn and Lilly J. Goren

In recent years several women have run high-profile campaigns for the top offices in the United States. In response, scholars have increasingly focused their attention on the unique challenges facing women who run in these races. The research presented in Framing Sarah Palin: Pit Bulls, Puritans and Politics (Beail and Longworth) and Women in the White House: Gender, Popular Culture and Presidential Politics (edited by Vaughn and Goren) speaks to these challenges, relying on a variety of methodologies and theoretical approaches to analyze portrayals of women in politics. Framing Sarah Palin, by Linda Beail and Rhonda Kinney Longworth, examines Sarah Palin’s candidacy for the office of the vice president. In their analysis, the authors focus on narrative frames used by the McCain/Palin campaign, political pundits, and the news media to describe Palin’s experience, personality, and qualifications. Specifically, Beail and Longworth examine traditional political narratives (e.g., Palin as a Washington outsider) and gender-based narratives (e.g., Palin as a “hockey mom” and former beauty queen). Through their detailed discussion, the authors highlight the ways in which both the McCain/Palin campaign and the news media use various frames to Palin’s political advantage and detriment. The rich discussion of various gendered frames is a particular contribution to the literature in this field, clearly illustrating the multiple challenges facing all women running for office in the United States, as well as those which may be unique to Republican women or to Palin herself. For example, Beail and Longworth examine the framing of Palin’s role as a mother. On one hand, these frames may have created a positive female image for the campaign to capitalize on but also led to gendered questions in the press regarding Palin’s ability to manage both her official duties and the needs of her family. The authors also present a detailed analysis of the different reactions of other women (including politicians, journalists, late night comedians, and voters) to Palin’s
White Matter Correlates of Verbal Memory in Left Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Study of Structural Connectivity

Verbal memory deficits are among the most prominent cognitive sequelae in individuals with left temporal lobe epilepsy (LTLE). However, relationships between verbal memory function and white matter integrity (WMI) in the left temporal lobe remain unclear. Current study aims included determining fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) differences as an index of WMI between participants with left temporal lobe epilepsy (LTLE), participants with right TLE (RTLE), and controls, establishing group differences based on verbal memory function between TLE groups, and describing relationships between WMI and verbal memory function within TLE groups. Probabilistic tractography defined the left fornix (FRX), left uncinate fasciculus (UF), left parahippocampal cingulum (PHC), and a control region, the left corticospinal tract (CST), in 26 LTLE, 29 RTLE, and 20 control participants. The LTLE group demonstrated significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) along the PHC compared with controls. LTLE and RTLE groups did not differ significantly on measures of verbal memory until analyses were restricted to participants with left-lateralized language functioning. PHC FA was negatively correlated with semantic memory function in LTLE, but positively associated with episodic memory functioning in RTLE. Overall, findings highlight the PHC as vulnerable in LTLE, and differentially related to verbal memory functioning based on TLE group. Both findings are likely secondary to left-lateralized white matter disruption in LTLE. The current study also highlighted the importance of identifying homogenous groups to more clearly identify brain-behavior relationships. Current findings further define left-lateralized white matter alternations and related verbal memory deficits in TLE. Implications for these findings are presented in context with previous TLE literature, and future directions for further study are discussed. INDEX WORDS: White matter integrity, Temporal lobe epilepsy WHITE MATTER CORRELATES OF VERBAL MEMORY IN LEFT TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY: A STUDY OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIVITY
Lao Named Entity Recognition based on conditional random fields with simple heuristic information

According to characteristics of Lao named entities, the paper proposes an approach of Lao Named Entity Recognition (NER) based on Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) with knowledge information. Firstly, we segment the text into word sequence and design three labels BIO1 for personal name and location name entity recognition. Secondly, some named entity features of Lao Language are selected for Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) model, such as the clue word feature, the predicate feature etc. Then, candidate named entities are recognized. Thirdly, we extract simple personal name and location name features of Lao Language to build heuristic information, and use the heuristic information to determine candidate named entities. Finally, named entities which have not been discovered by Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) model are further recognized by using the named entities word list, and these final named entities are obtained. The experimental results show that the method proposed is effective, and it can improve the effect of named entity recognition by using machine learning method with heuristic information.
Plasmodium activates the innate immune response of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes

Innate immune‐related gene expression in the major disease vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae has been analyzed following infection by the malaria parasite, Plasmodium berghei. Substantially increased levels of mRNAs encoding the antibacterial peptide defensin and a putative Gram‐negative bacteria‐binding protein (GNBP) are observed 20–30 h after ingestion of an infected blood‐meal, at a time which indicates that this induction is a response to parasite invasion of the midgut epithelium. The induction is dependent upon the ingestion of infective, sexual‐stage parasites, and is not due to opportunistic co‐penetration of resident gut micro‐organisms into the hemocoel. The response is activated following infection both locally (in the midgut) and systemically (in remaining tissues, presumably fat body and/or hemocytes). The observation that Plasmodium can trigger a molecularly defined immune response in the vector constitutes an important advance in our understanding of parasite–vector interactions that are potentially involved in malaria transmission, and extends knowledge of the innate immune system of insects to encompass responses to protozoan parasites.
Serine-Arginine-rich Protein p30 Directs Alternative Splicing of Glucocorticoid Receptor Pre-mRNA to Glucocorticoid Receptor β in Neutrophils*

Glucocorticoid (GC) insensitivity is a major clinical challenge in the treatment of many inflammatory diseases. It has been shown previously that GC insensitivity, in several inflammatory cell types, is due to an overabundance of the β isoform of the glucocorticoid receptor (GCRβ) relative to the ligand binding isoform, GCRα. GCRβ functions as a dominant inhibitor of GCRα action. A number of GCR isoforms are created from the same pre-mRNA transcript via alternative splicing, and the factor or factors that control alternative splicing of GCR pre-mRNA are of great importance. In the current study, we have identified the predominant alternative splicing factor present in human neutrophils, which is known to be exceptionally GC-insensitive. The predominant alternative splicing factor in neutrophils is SRp30c, which is one of several highly conserved serine-arginine-rich (SR) proteins that are involved in both constitutive and alternative splicing in eukaryotic cells. Inhibition of SRp30c expression with antisense oligonucleotide strongly inhibited expression of GCRβ and stimulated expression of GCRα. Antisense molecules targeted to other SR proteins had no effect. Our data indicate that SRp30c is necessary for alternative splicing of the GCR pre-mRNA to create mRNA encoding GCRβ.
Modulation of rhythmic patterns and cumulative depolarization by group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in the neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro

The role of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), and their subtypes 1 or 5, in rhythmic patterns generated by the neonatal rat spinal cord was investigated. Fictive locomotor patterns induced by N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate + serotonin were slowed down by the subtype 1 antagonists (RS)‐1‐aminoindan‐1,5‐dicarboxylic acid (AIDA) or 7‐(hydroxyimino)cyclopropa[b]chromen‐1a‐carboxylate ethyl ester (CPCCOEt) and unaffected by the subtype 5 antagonist 2‐methyl‐6‐(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride (MPEP). The group I agonist (RS)‐3,5‐dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) depolarized ventral roots and disrupted fictive locomotion, an effect blocked by AIDA (or CPCCOEt) and reversed by increasing the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate concentration. Cumulative depolarization induced by low frequency trains of dorsal root stimuli was attenuated by DHPG and unchanged by AIDA or MPEP while rhythmic patterns or motoneuron spike wind‐up persisted. Disinhibited bursting induced by strychnine + bicuculline was accelerated by DHPG, slowed down by AIDA (which prevented the action of DHPG), unaffected by MPEP and counteracted by the selective group II agonist (2S,2′R,3′R)‐2‐(2′,3′‐dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine. The DHPG transformed regular bursting into arrhythmic bursting, a phenomenon also produced by the group II mGluR antagonist (2S)‐α‐ethylglutamic acid. These results indicate that, during fictive locomotion or disinhibited bursting, endogenous glutamate could activate discrete clusters of subtype 1 mGluRs to facilitate discharges. Diffuse activation by the exogenous agonist DHPG of group I mGluRs throughout spinal networks had an excitatory effect overshadowed by its much stronger depressant action due to concomitant facilitation of glycinergic transmission. Irregular disinhibited bursting caused by activation of subtype 1 receptors or block of group II receptors suggests that mGluRs could control not only the frequency but also the periodicity of bursting patterns, outlining novel mechanisms contributing to burst duration.
Reusing Terminology for Requirements Specifications from WordNet

In order to make requirements comprehensible to humans and as unambiguous as possible, a glossary and/or domain model is needed for defining the terminology used. Unless these are available from related projects, however,they are hard to create. Therefore, we propose to reuse terminology and its definition for requirements specifications from the semantic lexicon WordNet. For making this useful, however, we had to deal with the issue of disambiguation of the general terminology there for a given domain of a requirements specification.
Bodies recovered from wells, sewerage systems and pits: what is the cause of death?

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to determine the problems encountered during investigations into causes of death in corpses found in wells, sewer systems and pits, and to seek solutions to the problems. In fact, wells, sewer systems and pits have some common characteristics which may cause the problems. They contain water, have a hypoxic/anoxic environment and prevent corpses from being recognised. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on the data obtained from the 1st Specialization Board of the Council of Forensic Medicine, affiliated with the Ministry of Justice, we retrospectively reviewed 69 corpses found in wells, sewer systems and pits between 1 January 1992 and 31 December 2002. Data on age, sex, crime scene and causes of death were obtained and evaluated using the SPSS 11.0 package programme. RESULTS Of 69 cases, 69.1% were male and 33.4% were aged 0 to 10 years. Fifty-eight per cent and 13.1% of the cases were found in wells and sewer systems respectively. Forty-three (62.3%) cases were found in a place with water. However, 34.9% of them had not drowned. The most frequent cause of death was drowning (40.6%). The cause of death was unknown in 18.8% of the cases. 15.9% of the corpses were exhumed to determine the cause of death. Twenty-six cases (37.7%) had signs of putrefaction and the cause of death was not determined in 9 cases. Diatom was investigated in 42.0% of the cases (29 cases), but 17 cases did not have diatom. CONCLUSION It is a complicated process to determine the causes of death in bodies recovered from wells, pits, water supplies and sewer systems, etc. Thorough forensic investigations are required because death may result from a wide variety of factors, and lesions on the corpses may undergo some changes quickly or can be covered in wells, pits and water supplies. A complete crime scene investigation, a thorough autopsy and histopathological, toxicological and biochemical examinations would prevent potential problems in determining the causes of death in bodies recovered from wells, sewer systems and pits. Almost one-third of the bodies recovered from wells, sewer systems and pits were aged 10 years or younger, which indicates a public health problem. Extra safety precautions will help to solve this problem.
Conservation and Immunogenicity of Novel Antigens in Diverse Isolates of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Background Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are common causes of diarrheal morbidity and mortality in developing countries for which there is currently no vaccine. Heterogeneity in classical ETEC antigens known as colonization factors (CFs) and poor efficacy of toxoid-based approaches to date have impeded development of a broadly protective ETEC vaccine, prompting searches for novel molecular targets. Methodology Using a variety of molecular methods, we examined a large collection of ETEC isolates for production of two secreted plasmid-encoded pathotype-specific antigens, the EtpA extracellular adhesin, and EatA, a mucin-degrading serine protease; and two chromosomally-encoded molecules, the YghJ metalloprotease and the EaeH adhesin, that are not specific to the ETEC pathovar, but which have been implicated in ETEC pathogenesis. ELISA assays were also performed on control and convalescent sera to characterize the immune response to these antigens. Finally, mice were immunized with recombinant EtpA (rEtpA), and a protease deficient version of the secreted EatA passenger domain (rEatApH134R) to examine the feasibility of combining these molecules in a subunit vaccine approach. Principal Findings EtpA and EatA were secreted by more than half of all ETEC, distributed over diverse phylogenetic lineages belonging to multiple CF groups, and exhibited surprisingly little sequence variation. Both chromosomally-encoded molecules were also identified in a wide variety of ETEC strains and YghJ was secreted by 89% of isolates. Antibodies against both the ETEC pathovar-specific and conserved E. coli antigens were present in significantly higher titers in convalescent samples from subjects with ETEC infection than controls suggesting that each of these antigens is produced and recognized during infection. Finally, co-immunization of mice with rEtpA and rEatApH134R offered significant protection against ETEC infection. Conclusions Collectively, these data suggest that novel antigens could significantly complement current approaches and foster improved strategies for development of broadly protective ETEC vaccines.
Reduction of morbidity and mortality from biliary complications after liver transplantation

Over a 4‐yr period that began October 1, 1986, 103 orthotopic liver transplants were performed on 91 patients at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Biliary reconstruction at the time of transplantation was performed in standard fashion by an appropriately trained member of the surgical team. Six (7%) patients developed biliary complications, which included three cases of common bile duct stricture and one case each of bile duct obstruction caused by biopsy‐related hemobilia, biloma and a retained fragment of a T tube after removal. Five of the six patients were treated successfully by nonoperative interventional radiological procedures performed under local anesthesia with light intravenous sedation. Reoperative surgery (to remove the T‐tube fragment from subcutaneous tissue) was required for only one patient, and no deaths (0 of 91) were attributable to biliary complications. All six patients are alive and well 6 to 33 mo after the operation with excellent liver function. Our findings would suggest that most biliary complications of orthotopic liver transplants are avoidable and that the few that do appear can usually be managed both safely and effectively by an interventional radiological approach. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;14:818–823).
Efficacy of Systemically Administered Oncolytic Vaccinia Virotherapy for Malignant Gliomas Is Enhanced by Combination Therapy with Rapamycin or Cyclophosphamide

Purpose: The oncolytic effects of a systemically delivered, replicating, double-deleted vaccinia virus has been previously shown for the treatment of many cancers, including colon, ovarian, and others. The purpose of this study was to investigate the oncolytic potential of double-deleted vaccinia virus alone or in combination with rapamycin or cyclophosphamide to treat malignant gliomas in vitro and in vivo. Experimental Design: Rat (RG2, F98, C6) and human (A172, U87MG, U118) glioma cell lines were cultured in vitro and treated with live or UV-inactivated vaccinia virus. Viral gene [enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)] expression by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, relative cell viability by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and assays for cytopathic effects were examined. S.c. murine tumor xenografts (U87MG, U118, C6) and i.c. (RG2, F98) tumor models in immunocompetent rats were treated with systemic administration of EGFP-expressing vaccinia virus (vvDD-EGFP), alone or in combination with rapamycin or cyclophosphamide, or controls. Tumor size, viral biodistribution, and animal survival were assessed. Lastly, the oncolytic effects of vvDD-EGFP on human malignant glioma explants were evaluated. Results: vvDD-EGFP was able to infect and kill glioma cells in vitro. A single systemic dose of vvDD-EGFP significantly inhibited the growth of xenografts in athymic mice. Systemic delivery of vvDD-EGFP alone was able to target solitary and multifocal i.c. tumors and prolong survival of immunocompetent rats, whereas combination therapy with rapamycin or cyclophosphamide enhanced viral replication and further prolonged survival. Finally, vvDD-EGFP was able to infect and kill ex vivo primary human malignant gliomas. Conclusions: These results suggest that vvDD-EGFP is a promising novel agent for human malignant glioma therapy, and in combination with immunosuppressive agents, may lead to prolonged survival from this disease.