Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Affine Invariant Multivariate Sign and Rank Tests and Corresponding Estimates: a Review

The paper reviews recent contributions to the statistical inference methods, tests and estimates, based on the generalized median of Oja. Multivariate analogues of sign and rank concepts, affine invariant one‐sample and two‐sample sign tests and rank tests, affine equivariant median and Hodges–Lehmann‐type estimates are reviewed and discussed. Some comparisons are made to other generalizations. The theory is illustrated by two examples.
Generalized uncorrelated SABR models with a high degree of symmetry

A family of generalized driftless uncorrelated SABR-like models are classified according to the dimensions of the symmetry groups of their corresponding backward Kolmogorov equations. This family contains the original uncorrelated SABR models, for arbitrary positive beta, as special cases. New cases with a rich symmetry group appear.
Structural Transitions and Microwave Dielectric Properties of (Ba, Sr)2 LnSbO6 (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy) Double Perovskites

Structures and microwave dielectric properties of (Ba, Sr)2 LnSbO6 (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy) ceramics were studied. Ba2 LnSbO6 undergoes a cubic-rhombohedral structural transition, and Sr2 LnSbO6 adopts the monoclinic P21/n structure. The microwave dielectric properties, especially the ϵr and τf values, change with composition obviously. The Ba2 LnSbO6 ceramics have ϵr in the range of 19.2 ∼ 20.7, Q×f = 6 700 ∼ 86 500 GHz, and τf = −37 ∼ 38 ppm/°C; the Sr2 LnSbO6 ceramics have ϵr in the range of 15.9 ∼ 16.8, Q×f = 5 700 ∼ 93 000 GHz, and τf = −46 ∼ −55 ppm/°C.
Development And Cherecterization Of Pulsatile Release Tablet Of Nizatidine

The objectives of pulsatile release tablet of nizatidine are pulsatile.it is inhibit the peptic secretion. The core tablets containing Nizatidine (150 mg/per tablet), lactose, microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel®PH101), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP K30)and superdisintegrant like crosspovidone, croscarmellose sodium (Ac-Di-Sol®) sodium starch glycolate, were prepared by direct compression. Initially, the core tablet excipients were dry blended in polybags for 10min, followed by the addition of Talc,magnesium stearate and Aerosil ® 200.The powder components were further blended for 5min.The core tablets (diameter, 9mm; biconvex; average tablet weight, 360mg) were compressed using a Eight station tablet machine (karnavati, Ahmadabad, India). Nizatidine was observed to be almost white buff crystalline powder, sulphur mercapton odour with metallic bitter test. The results are. The melting point was found to be 131-134°C.The solubility studies of Nizatidine were performed in various solvents. TheNizatidine was to be freely soluble in chloroform, in methanol soluble in water and buffered solution slightly soluble in ethyl acetate and isopropanol. The melting was observed at 131-134°c.The DSC curve of pure Nizatidine exhibited a single endothermic responses corresponding to the melting of drug. Onset of melting was obtained at 135°c.The superdisintegrant croscarmellose sodium, crosspovidone, sodium starch glycolate shows broad endothermic fusion peaks at 96.11°c, 94.96°c and 84.48°c respectively which is due to glass transition state. The DSC spectra of physical mixture of Nizatidine and mixture of other excipients has also shown same endothermic peak like pure drug . These observations of DSC study indicate absence of significant interaction between drug and excipients used in tablets formulation.
Link of the HIPPARCOS Catalogue to the ICRS

In compliance with the 1991 IAU resolutions on reference frames, the merged Hipparcos Catalogue had to be aligned in such a way that it represents at optical wavelengths the International Celestial Reference System (ICRS). This was realized as a combination of particular solutions obtained from observations of radio stars by radio interferometry, observation of quasars relative to Hipparcos stars, photographic plates including galaxies and Hipparcos stars, star catalogues referred to extragalactic objects, HST observations, and comparison of Earth orientation parameters obtained by VLBI and ground-based optical observations reduced with Hipparcos positions and proper motions. The individual results generally agree within 10 mas in orientation at epoch and 1 mas/yr in spin of the system. Two methods were used to combine the results and yielded uncertainties of 0.6 mas in orientation and 0.25 mas/yr in spin.
An Extreme Annual Precipitation Anomaly in the Preradiosonde Era

AbstractThe wettest year, by a huge margin, in the instrumental history for the state of New Mexico was 1941. The authors describe the extraordinary magnitude and persistence of above-average precipitation across the seasonal cycle during this year and consider possible climatic causes of this exceptional annual anomaly through examination of a wide variety of historical records and modern analysis tools. Indices of the Pacific decadal oscillation and the El Nino–Southern Oscillation were both extremely positive in 1941, consistent with the historical tendency for above-average precipitation across the southern United States under such conditions. However, the largest precipitation anomalies occurred in transition season months that do not fit the typical seasonality associated with strong ENSO- or PDO-related continental climate anomalies in the more recent historical record. The difficulty in attributing this extreme annual anomaly to any specific climatic cause is a reminder that the radiosonde era pro.
Haptic transmission by weighting control under time-varying communication delay

Haptic transmission, which is realised by master-slave robots system, is a challenging research to extend human hands. However, the communication delay is a serious problem which degrades the performance and causes instability to the system. In this paper, a new bilateral control law with weighting control is proposed to achieve high-performance haptic transmission under varying communication delay. This method weights the force control and the position control in the master robot according to the estimation of environment stiffness in the slave one. A virtual spring is proposed and inserted into the stiffness estimation algorithm to guarantee the availability for hard environment. The stability is analysed by considering the passivity of the master-slave robots system under the proposed control law. Finally, the validity of the proposal is confirmed by experiments.
Fabrication of Volcano-Structured Double-Gate Field Emitter Array by Etch-Back Technique

Volcano-structured double-gate field emitter arrays (VDG-FEAs) were fabricated using the etch-back technique. The fabrication process of the VDG-FEA is simple, and the height (hf) of the focusing electrode relative to the extraction gate electrode is easily adjusted by varying the etch-back time without high-resolution lithography. We have fabricated two types of VDG-FEAs with hf = +220 and 0 nm. The focusing characteristic is controlled by tuning hf. The decrease of the anode current is reduced for the VDG-FEA with lower hf under focusing condition producing the same beam spot size.
A comparison of variational formats for porous media subjected to dynamic loading

This paper presents a comparison of two variational formats for fully saturated porous media subjected to dynamic loading, whereby the general situation of relative fluid acceleration is considered: (1) the classical three‐field (u, p, w)‐format and (2) a novel two‐field (u, p)‐format, where the seepage velocity w is a spatially ‘local’ field whose treatment resembles that of internal variables in material models. The limited numerical comparison shows that the (u, p)‐format competes well with the (u, p, w)‐format. Indeed, it is consistent with the general acceleration modeling in the full range of permeabilities. Moreover, in the low permeability regime (where the magnitude of w is insignificant), the new format reflects the situation pertinent to ‘added‐mass’ and is more efficient than the classical (u, p, w)‐format. Finally, the (u, p)‐formatcan conveniently be implemented in existing FE‐codes based on the ‘added mass’ formulation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constraining the progenitors of short gamma-ray bursts

So far the progenitors of short γ-ray bursts (SGRBs) have proved elusive. Their presence within both old and young environments and their bias against starforming regions provide tantalising evidence of a neutron star binary or neutron star - black hole merger origin. Within this thesis we study an array of characteristics of the population of SGRBs focussing in particular on their host environments and afterglow properties in the optical and X-ray bands. In particular we consider a set of SGRBs with no detectable host galaxy to deep limits and no clear host in the field from probabilistic arguments. These GRBs either represent a population at high redshift or with high offsets from low redshift hosts. Comparing the offsets of these GRBs from their potential hosts with random positions on the sky we find they are somewhat closer than expected, suggesting these GRBs are more likely to have been kicked from relatively local hosts. We also consider the issue of classification, given suggestions that the often used two second duration divide for SGRBs may produce a sample with a high contamination from collapsar objects or potentially a suggested third class of intermediate objects. We look at a sample of optically-detected SGRBs below the nominal two second divide and go on to consider properties of a larger sample of GRBs comparing varying duration bins. From constructed optical lightcurves and SEDs, we constrain the presence of extinction, jet breaks, supernovae and kilonovae. Though there is a suggestion that such a sample would be 40% contaminated from collapsar objects we find, from supernova constraints combined with duration and spectral hardness fits from Bromberg et al. (2013) that only 22% of objects in our sample could have been collapsars. The optical constraints placed on a kilonova (an r-process transient associated with neutron star mergers), suggest this transient is fainter than has sometimes been predicted but is consistent when considering additional opacities from the rprocess material which could cause strong reddening to the infra-red. Finally, we do not find evidence for a distinct class of intermediate GRBs, though there are likely additional progenitors which create GRB-like objects. At the intermediate duration we do find two unusual individual events not typical of LGRBs: GRBs 100816A and 060505. We find that GRB100816A is most likely a mis-classified SGRB, from its position within its host and the constraint on any associated supernova.
Error analysis of proper motions in decination obtained for 807 Hipparcos stars from PZT observations over many decades

After publication of the Hipparcos catalogue (in 1997), a few new astrometric catalogues have appeared (TYCHO-2, ARIHIP, etc.), as a good combination of the Hipparcos satellite and ground-based data, to get more accurate coordinates and proper motions of stars than the Hipparcos catalogue ones. There are also investigations on improving the Hipparcos coordinates and proper motions by using the astrometric observations of latitude and universal time variations (via observed stars referred to Hipparcos catalogue), together with Hipparcos data, carried out during the last few years. These kind of ground-based data were collected at the end of the last century by J. Vondrak. There are about 4.4 million optical observations made worldwide at 33 observatories and with 47 instruments during 1899.7–1992.0; our Belgrade visual zenith telescope data (for the period 1949.0-1986.0) were included. First of all, these data were used to determine the Earth Orientation Parameters – EOP, but they are also useful for the opposite task – to check the accuracy of coordinates and proper motions of Hipparcos stars which were observed from the ground over many decades. Here, we use the latitude part of ten Photographic Zenith Tubes – PZT data (more than 0.9 million observations made at 6 observatories during the time interval 1915.8–1992.0), and combine them with the Hipparcos catalogue ones, with suitable weights, in order to check the proper motions in declination for 807 common PZT/Hipparcos stars (and to construct the PZT catalogue of μδ for 807 stars). Our standard errors in proper motions in declination of these stars are less than or equal to the Hipparcos ones for 423 stars. The mean value of standard errors of 313 stars observed over more than 20 years by PZT is 0.40 mas/yr. This is 53% of 0.75 mas/yr (the suitable value from the Hipparcos catalogue). We used the Least Squares Method – LSM with the linear model. Our results are in good agreement with the Earth Orientation Catalogue – EOC-2 and the new Hipparcos ones. The main steps of the method and the investigations of systematic errors in determined proper motions (the proper motion differences with respect to the Hipparcos values, the EOC-2 ones and the new Hipparcos ones, as a function of α, δ, and magnitude) are presented here. A comparison of the four catalogues by pairs shows that there is no significant relationship between the differences of their μδ values and magnitudes and color indices of the common 807 stars. All catalogues have relatively small random and systematic errors which are close to each other. However, the comparison shows that our formal errors are too small. They are underestimated by a factor of nearly 1.7 (for EOC-2, it is 2.0) if we take the new Hipparcos (or Hipparcos) data as reference (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Development of a Novel Self‐Tuned Adaptive Supervisory Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller for Induction Motor Drive

This work presents a novel speed control scheme for an induction motor (IM) using an adaptive supervisory differential cerebellar model articulation controller (ASDCMAC). The ASDCMAC has a supervisory controller and an adaptive differential cerebellar model articulation controller (ADCMAC), and the ASDCMAC is utilized as the speed controller. The supervisory controller monitors the control process to keep speed tracking error within a predefined range, and the ADCMAC learns and approximates system dynamics. The connective weights of ADCMAC are adjusted online, according to adaptive rules derived in Lyapunov stability theory, to ensure system stability. The robustness of the proposed ASDCMAC against parameter variations and external load torque disturbances is verified via simulations and experiments, respectively. Three control schemes, the ASDCMAC, fuzzy control, and PI control, are investigated experimentally, and a performance index, root mean square error (RMSE), is utilized for each scheme. The experimental results demonstrate that the ASDCMAC outperforms the two other control schemes with external load torque variations.
A finite-time condition for exponential dichotomy

We prove that if a difference equation on Z has an exponential dichotomy on sufficiently many intervals of sufficiently large fixed length and with uniform constants and exponents, then it has an exponential dichotomy on Z. We give applications of the result to slowly varying systems, almost periodic systems, a perturbation theorem, the variational equation along pseudo orbits lying in a hyperbolic set of a diffeomorphism, transversality of homoclinic orbits of a diffeomorphism and hyperbolicity of a compact invariant set of a diffeomorphism.
Experimental evidence of thermonuclear neutrons in a modified plasma focus

The PF-1000 plasma focus was modified by adding the cathode disk 3 cm in front of the anode. This modification facilitated the evaluation of neutron energy spectra. Two neutron pulses were distinguishable. As regards the first neutron pulse, it lasted 40 ns during the plasma stagnation and it demonstrated high isotropy of neutron emission. A peak neutron energy detected upstream was 2.46±0.02 MeV. The full width of neutron energy spectra of 90±20 keV enabled to calculate an ion temperature of 1.2 keV. These parameters and a neutron yield of 109 corresponded to theoretical predictions for thermonuclear neutrons.
The Hagedorn - deconfinement phase transition in weakly coupled large N gauge theories

Ofer Aharony, Joseph Marsano, Shiraz Minwalla, Kyriakos Papadodimas and Mark Van Raamsdonk Department of Particle Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel Jefferson Physical Laboratory, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
Tests of the adaptive optical system with a modified correlation sensor at the big solar vacuum telescope

The possibility of applying adaptive correction to ground-based solar astronomy is considered. Several experimental systems for image stabilization are described along with the results of their tests. As a result of the installation of the first order adaptive-optics system, the Big Solar Vacuum Telescope (BSVT) acquired the new quality. Different ways of development of an adaptive correction to be used in the BSVT of the Baikal Astrophysical Observatory are discussed. Tests of the modified correlation sensor (MCS) at BSVT have shown that at a proper choice of the filtering function parameters, the MCS reliably measures shifts of the solar granulation image in the telescope first focus under good visibility conditions. The MCS, as a part of the adaptive optical system, was intended for measuring the image shift in the telescope second focus. It turned out that the image quality becomes noticeably worse at image transfer to the second focus. The MCS measures the image shift of solar granulation in the second focus only under extremely good visibility conditions and certain granulation structure. Reduction of the telescope entrance aperture to 170 mm insignificantly affects the image quality and, therefore, the MCS operation.
Homotopy method for solving algebraic Riccati equations

A numerical method is presented for solving algebraic Riccati equations, as required in the design of optimal linear control systems. The proposed method possesses an almost globally convergent characteristic and, hence, is very suitable for finding the Riccati equation solution of an ill conditioned control system. The new method is simple and easy to implement. Some typical numerical examples are also given for illustration.
Role of surface trap states on two-dimensional electron gas density in InAlN/AlN/GaN heterostructures

In order to clarify the effect of charged dislocations and surface donor states on the transport mechanisms in polar AlInN/AlN/GaN heterostructures, we have studied the current-voltage characteristics of Schottky junctions fabricated on AlInN/AlN/GaN heterostructures. The reverse-bias leakage current behaviour has been interpreted with a Poole-Frenkel emission of electrons from trap states near the metal-semiconductor junction to dislocation induced states. The variation of the Schottky barrier height as a function of the AlN layer thickness has been measured and discussed, considering the role of the surface states in the formation of the two dimensional electron gas at AlN/GaN interface.
Enhanced sensitivity of localized surface plasmon resonance biosensor by phase interrogation

We proposed an innovative phase interrogation method for localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) detection. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of LSPR biosensor by phase interrogation. LSPR is realized as the plasmonic resonance within confined metal nanoparticle. Nanoparticle couples the light by means of a non-radiative inter-band absorption, and a scattering from surface plasmon oscillation, the total contribution is the optical extinction of nanoparticles. Due to the variety of resonance types, LSPR is extensively studied in the field of biological sensing, imaging, and medical therapeutics. Generally, LSPR is probed by optical intensity variation of continuous wavelength, in other words, wavelength interrogation. LSPR sensitivity probed by this method is ranged from several tens nm/RIU to less than 1000nm/RIU depending on the nanostructure and metal species, which at least an order of magnitude less than conventional SPR biosensor in wavelength interrogation. In this work, an innovative common-path phase interrogation system is applied for LSPR detection. Phase difference in our home-made system is simply extracted through the correlation of optical intensity under different polarization without any heterodyne optical modulator or piezoelectric transducer, and thus low down the cost and complexity in optical setup. In addition, signal-to-noise ratio is substantially reduced since the signal wave and reference wave share the common path. In our preliminary results, LSPR resolution of Au nanodisk array is 1.74 x 10-4 RIU by wavelength interrogation; on the other side, LSPR resolution of Au nanodisk array is 2.02x10-6 RIU in phase interrogation. LSPR sensitivity is around one order of magnitude enhanced. In conclusion, we demonstrated that LSPR sensitivity can be further enhanced by phase interrogation.
Measurement of paper-wetting processes by ultrasound transmission

Understanding of wetting processes for papers of various qualities is important for the analysis and the adjustment of paper-production processes as well as for designing properties of paper for printing. In this investigation, papers of one kind with three different sizing-content values were examined by time-dependent attenuation of ultrasound transmission in mixtures of isopropanol and water. The attenuation depends on the stage of absorption of liquid into the paper sample, which furnishes the signature of the paper type and quality. Papers that have contact angles of 40° (without size), 70° (low size content) and 110° (high size content) were tested and a measurement procedure was developed. The measurement results showed that the development of attenuation with time differs at different frequencies, indicating the possibility of detecting various phases of wetting phenomena.
Global position regulation of friction manipulators via switched chattering control

Switched position control algorithms are developed to globally stabilize friction mechanical manipulators around a desired position. Both static and dynamic position feedback designs are presented. The controllers constructed, referred to as chattering controllers, do not rely on the generation of sliding motions while providing robustness features similar to those possessed by their sliding mode counterparts. Stability analysis is given within the Lyapunov vector functions framework extended to discontinuous dynamic systems. Performance issues of the chattering controllers are evaluated in an experimental study of a three degrees-of-freedom robot manipulator.
A computerized Langmuir probe system

For low pressure plasmas it is important to record entire single or double Langmuir probe characteristics accurately. For plasmas with a depleted high energy tail, the accuracy of the recorded ion current plays a critical role in determining the electron temperature. Even for high density Maxwellian distributions, it is necessary to accurately model the ion current to obtain the correct electron density. Since the electron and ion current saturation values are, at best, orders of magnitude apart, a single current sensing resistor cannot provide the required resolution to accurately record these values. We present an automated, personal computer based data acquisition system for the determination of fundamental plasma properties in low pressure plasmas. The system is designed for single and double Langmuir probes, whose characteristics can be recorded over a bias voltage range of ±70 V with 12 bit resolution. The current flowing through the probes can be recorded within the range of 5 nA–100 mA. The use of.