Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anogenital HIV RNA in Thai men who have sex with men in Bangkok during acute HIV infection and after randomization to standard vs. intensified antiretroviral regimens

HIV transmission risk is highest during acute HIV infection (AHI). We evaluated HIV RNA in the anogenital compartment in men who have sex with men (MSM) during AHI and compared time to undetectable HIV RNA after three‐drug versus five‐drug antiretroviral therapy (ART) to understand risk for onward HIV transmission.
Notice of RetractionStudy and application of optimization design scheme of roadway bolt support parameter

According to the incomplete clear mechanism of bolt support action presently, the bolt support parameter of 12910 face haulage roadway is given optimized design in HANDAN TAOYI mine by the analytic system software: ANSYS, using theory analysis, numerical simulation and engineering actual measurement. The surrounding rock failure region of the optimized roadway is 12.54m2, decreased by 31.0% compared to present bolt support roadway, which has theoretical significance and practical value in popularizing bolt support technique and ensuring the support roadway safe and reliable.
Near-range receiver unit of the next generation PollyXt used with Koldeway Aerosol Raman Lidar in Arctic

The Near-range Aerosol Raman lidar (NARLa) receiver unit, that was designed to enhance the detection range of the NeXT generation PollyXT Aerosol-Depolarization-Raman (ADR) lidar of the University of Warsaw, was employed next the Koldeway Aerosol Raman Lidar (KARL) at the AWI-IPEV German-French station in Arctic during Spring 2015. Here we introduce shortly design of both lidars, the scheme of their installation next to each other, and preliminary results of observations aiming at arctic haze investigation by the lidars and the iCAP a set of particle counter and aethalometer installed under a tethered balloon.
Properties of lymphocytes which confer adoptive immunity to tuberculosis in rats.

Following immunization of rats with BCG there was added to thoracic duct lymph a population of sensitized lymphocytes which conferred adoptive immunity to tuberculosis upon syngeneic recipients. At an early stage of immunization, 5 days after BCG inoculation, the sensitized cells were large and medium lymphocytes as evidenced by their sensitivity to vinblastine. On day 8, the sensitized cell population was partially resistant to vinblastine and by day 28 it was totally resistant. The vinblastine resistant cells have the functional properties of small lymphocytes, since they recirculate freely from the blood to lymph, and can confer long lasting immunity upon recipient rats. The data imply that protective immunity against the tubercle bacillus is transferred by a family of newly-formed lymphocytes, the most immature of which are immunoblasts or large lymphocytes. As the response matures, sensitized small lymphocytes are delivered to the circulation and comprise an increasing proportion of the protective cell population.
Comparative Kinematic and Electromyographic Assessment of Clinician- and Device-Assisted Sit-to-Stand Transfers in Patients With Stroke

Background Workplace injuries from patient handling are prevalent. With the adoption of no-lift policies, sit-to-stand transfer devices have emerged as one tool to combat injuries. However, the therapeutic value associated with sit-to-stand transfers with the use of an assistive apparatus cannot be determined due to a lack of evidence-based data. Objective The aim of this study was to compare clinician-assisted, device-assisted, and the combination of clinician- and device-assisted sit-to-stand transfers in individuals who recently had a stroke. Design This cross-sectional, controlled laboratory study used a repeated-measures design. Methods The duration, joint kinematics, and muscle activity of 4 sit-to-stand transfer conditions were compared for 10 patients with stroke. Each patient performed 4 randomized sit-to-stand transfer conditions: clinician-assisted, device-assisted with no patient effort, device-assisted with the patient's best effort, and device- and clinician-assisted. Results Device-assisted transfers took nearly twice as long as clinician-assisted transfers. Hip and knee joint movement patterns were similar across all conditions. Forward trunk flexion was lacking and ankle motion was restrained during device-assisted transfers. Encouragement and guidance from the clinician during device-assisted transfers led to increased lower extremity muscle activation levels. Limitations One lifting device and one clinician were evaluated. Clinician effort could not be controlled. Conclusions Lack of forward trunk flexion and restrained ankle movement during device-assisted transfers may dissuade clinicians from selecting this device for use as a dedicated rehabilitation tool. However, with clinician encouragement, muscle activation increased, which suggests that it is possible to safely practice transfers while challenging key leg muscles essential for standing. Future sit-to-stand devices should promote safety for the patient and clinician and encourage a movement pattern that more closely mimics normal sit-to-stand biomechanics.
Diagnostic performance of the Forced Oscillation Technique in the detection of early respiratory changes in Rheumatoid Arthritis

The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical potential of the Forced Oscillation Technique (FOT) in the detection of the early alterations in respiratory mechanics of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients. A total of 36 individuals were analyzed, 18 healthy and 18 with RA. The clinical usefulness of the parameters was evaluated investigating sensibility (Se), specificity (Sp) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). In the RA group, all the 3 studied parameters obtained high accuracy for clinical use (AUC>0.9), while in spirometric parameters, no parameter obtained appropriate accuracy for clinical use (AUC<0.7). In conclusion, the parameters obtained by FOT presented adequate Se and Sp, indicating that this technique can be helpful in the evaluation of the early respiratory mechanical alterations in patients with RA.
Managing Family Relations and Controlling Information While Supporting an Allergic Child

This paper explores parental (particularly mothers’) support in the daily lives of children with allergies in a Swedish context. An ordinary life is established by making comparisons to what other children without allergies presumably can do (and eat). Although the parents’ goal is to support their child in managing allergies, neither their practical nor their interactional strategies work in a clear-cut direction to promote the child’s ordinary life and identity. On the contrary, parents’ accounts convey that they function just as much against an everyday life and the child’s identity. When managing family relations, parents expect immediate family members (specifically grandparents) to understand and accommodate the child’s needs. However, claims of family responsibility are made through moral tales about lack of support from “generalized others. ” Family responsibility is also downplayed in parents’ accounts as demands of support may put parents’ moral self at risk. The strategy of information control in certain situations and (non-family) relations used to keep the child safe may risk stigmatizing the child, alternatively, making the child into a social threat. One of the conclusions that could be drawn from this study is that claims of family support may be contradictory to other cultural principles that ascribe responsibilities between families and individuals, as the principles of individual freedom and autonomy.
Ray-Tracing Simulation Techniques for Understanding High-Resolution SAR Images

In this paper, a simulation concept is presented for creating synthetic aperture radar (SAR) reflectivity maps based on ray tracing. Three-dimensional models of man-made objects are illuminated by a virtual SAR sensor whose signal is approximated by rays sent through the model space. To this end, open-source software tools are adapted and extended to derive output data in SAR geometry followed by creating the reflectivity map. Rays can be followed for multiple reflections within the object scene. Signals having different multiple reflection levels are stored in separate image layers. For evaluating the potentials and limits of the simulation approach, simulated reflectivity maps and distribution maps are compared with real TerraSAR-X images for various complex man-made objects like a skyscraper in Tokyo, the Wynn Hotel in Las Vegas, and the Eiffel Tower in Paris. The results show that the simulation can provide very valuable information to interpret complex SAR images or to predict the reflectivity of planned SAR image acquisitions.
Scalable Sketch-Based Image Retrieval Using Color Gradient Features

We present a scalable system for sketch-based image retrieval (SBIR), extending the state of the art Gradient Field HoG (GF-HoG) retrieval framework through two technical contributions. First, we extend GF-HoG to enable color-shape retrieval and comprehensively evaluate several early-and late-fusion approaches for integrating the modality of color, considering both the accuracy and speed of sketch retrieval. Second, we propose an efficient inverse-index representation for GF-HoG that delivers scalable search with interactive query times over millions of images. A mobile app demo accompanies this paper (Android).
Inferring hand pose: A comparative study of visual shape features

Hand pose estimation from video is essential for a number of applications such as automatic sign language recognition and robot learning from demonstration. However, hand pose estimation is made difficult by the high degree of articulation of the hand; a realistic hand model is described with at least 35 dimensions, which means that it can assume a wide variety of poses, and there is a very high degree of self occlusion for most poses. Furthermore, different parts of the hand display very similar visual appearance; it is difficult to tell fingers apart in video. These properties of hands put hard requirements on visual features used for hand pose estimation and tracking. In this paper, we evaluate three different state-of-the-art visual shape descriptors, which are commonly used for hand and human body pose estimation. We study the nature of the mappings from the hand pose space to the feature spaces spanned by the visual descriptors, in terms of the smoothness, discriminability, and generativity of the pose-feature mappings, as well as their robustness to noise in terms of these properties. Based on this, we give recommendations on in which types of applications each visual shape descriptor is suitable.
The Middle Pleistocene of east Africa

The record of east Africa is rich in the fossils of Middle Pleistocene hominids and the detritus that represents the material record of their behaviour. For archaeology and human palaeontology, as for any historical discipline, the order in which discoveries are made has a profound impact on the growth of knowledge and on the interpretation of new finds. This chapter therefore begins with a brief review of the history of research into the Middle Pleistocene of east Africa and a discussion of its hominid fossil record. It seeks to correct two misapprehensions about the Middle Pleistocene of east Africa: first, that the Middle Pleistocene may be equated with the handaxe and with the Acheulian industry, and second, that handaxes and the Acheulian are uniform both across space and through time. In fact, the Middle Pleistocene record of east Africa is highly variable. Aspects of heterogeneity in Acheulian lithic technology discussed here include variability in biface shape, differences in approaches to biface production, and specialised and unspecialised flake production techniques. A further aspect of variety is the presence of many occurrences that lack bifaces altogether. The disappearance of the Acheulian and its replacement by MSA technology is an important Middle Pleistocene phenomenon. It seems to be related to the origin of the Homo sapiens lineage and is accompanied by a number of novel behavioural markers. This review emphasises evidence from the Kapthurin Formation, Kenya, which provides a wellcalibrated sequence spanning much of the Middle Pleistocene (see figure 7.1).
A critical role for the cholesterol‐associated proteolipids PLP and M6B in myelination of the central nervous system

The formation of central nervous system myelin by oligodendrocytes requires sterol synthesis and is associated with a significant enrichment of cholesterol in the myelin membrane. However, it is unknown how oligodendrocytes concentrate cholesterol above the level found in nonmyelin membranes. Here, we demonstrate a critical role for proteolipids in cholesterol accumulation. Mice lacking the most abundant myelin protein, proteolipid protein (PLP), are fully myelinated, but PLP‐deficient myelin exhibits a reduced cholesterol content. We therefore hypothesized that “high cholesterol” is not essential in the myelin sheath itself but is required for an earlier step of myelin biogenesis that is fully compensated for in the absence of PLP. We also found that a PLP‐homolog, glycoprotein M6B, is a myelin component of low abundance. By targeting the Gpm6b‐gene and crossbreeding, we found that single‐mutant mice lacking either PLP or M6B are fully myelinated, while double mutants remain severely hypomyelinated, with enhanced neurodegeneration and premature death. As both PLP and M6B bind membrane cholesterol and associate with the same cholesterol‐rich oligodendroglial membrane microdomains, we suggest a model in which proteolipids facilitate myelination by sequestering cholesterol. While either proteolipid can maintain a threshold level of cholesterol in the secretory pathway that allows myelin biogenesis, lack of both proteolipids results in a severe molecular imbalance of prospective myelin membrane. However, M6B is not efficiently sorted into mature myelin, in which it is 200‐fold less abundant than PLP. Thus, only PLP contributes to the high cholesterol content of myelin by association and co‐transport. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of the dynamic behavior of a DFIG during grid disturbances using active crowbar protection

Nowadays, wind power has been developed very fast in the world and the installed capacity of wind turbine has been increased rapidly. Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) has been applied very popularly for its many advantages. When the grid voltage dip occurs, a crowbar beside the Rotor Side Converter (RSC) is usually activated. In this paper the effect of the active crowbar resistance are studied and analysed. The active crowbar is control to limit the rotor current and dc-link voltage. Simulation results based on MATLAB/SIMULINK are discussed.
T Cell Development and T Cell Responses in Mice with Mutations Affecting Tyrosines 292 or 315 of the Zap-70 Protein Tyrosine Kinase

After stimulation of the T cell receptor (TCR), the tyrosine residues 292 and 315 in interdomain B of the protein tyrosine kinase ZAP-70 become phosphorylated and plausibly function as docking sites for Cbl and Vav1, respectively. The two latter proteins have been suggested to serve as substrates for ZAP-70 and to fine-tune its function. To address the role of these residues in T cell development and in the function of primary T cells, we have generated mice that express ZAP-70 molecules with Tyr to Phe substitution at position 292 (Y292F) or 315 (Y315F). When analyzed in a sensitized TCR transgenic background, the ZAP-70 Y315F mutation reduced the rate of positive selection and delayed the occurrence of negative selection. Furthermore, this mutation unexpectedly affected the constitutive levels of the CD3-ζ p21 phosphoisoform. Conversely, the ZAP-70 Y292F mutation upregulated proximal events in TCR signaling and allowed more T cells to produce interleukin 2 and interferon γ in response to a given dose of antigen. The observation that ZAP-70 Y292F T cells have a slower rate of ligand-induced TCR downmodulation suggests that Y292 is likely involved in regulating the duration activated TCR reside at the cell surface. Furthermore, we showed that Y292 and Y315 are dispensable for the TCR-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Cbl and Vav1, respectively. Therefore, other molecules present in the TCR signaling cassette act as additional adaptors for Cbl and Vav1. The present in vivo analyses extend previous data based on transformed T cell lines and suggest that residue Y292 plays a role in attenuation of TCR signaling, whereas residue Y315 enhances ZAP-70 function.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of nut consumption and incident risk of CVD and all-cause mortality

Abstract Dietary patterns containing nuts are associated with a lower risk of CVD mortality, and increased nut consumption has been shown to have beneficial effects on CVD risk factors including serum lipid levels. Recent studies have reported on the relationship between nut intake and CVD outcomes and mortality. Our objective was to systematically review the literature and quantify associations between nut consumption and CVD outcomes and all-cause mortality. Five electronic databases (through July 2015), previous reviews and bibliographies of qualifying articles were searched. In the twenty included prospective cohort studies (n 467 389), nut consumption was significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (ten studies; risk ratio (RR) 0·81; 95 % CI 0·77, 0·85 for highest v. lowest quantile of intake, P het=0·04, I 2=43 %), CVD mortality (five studies; RR 0·73; 95 % CI 0·68, 0·78; P het=0·31, I 2=16 %), all CHD (three studies; RR 0·66; 95 % CI 0·48, 0·91; P het=0·0002, I 2=88 %) and CHD mortality (seven studies; RR 0·70; 95 % CI 0·64, 0·76; P het=0·65, I 2=0 %), as well as a statistically non-significant reduction in the risk of non-fatal CHD (three studies; RR 0·71; 95 % CI 0·49, 1·03; P het=0·03, I 2=72 %) and stroke mortality (three studies; RR 0·83; 95 % CI 0·69, 1·00; P het=0·54, I 2=0 %). No evidence of association was found for total stroke (two studies; RR 1·05; 95 % CI 0·69, 1·61; P het=0·04, I 2=77 %). Data on total CVD and sudden cardiac death were available from one cohort study, and they were significantly inversely associated with nut consumption. In conclusion, we found that higher nut consumption is associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality, total CVD, CVD mortality, total CHD, CHD mortality and sudden cardiac death.
Supporting the development of social competences of teachers through computer supported collaborative learning

In general, teacher professional development particularly focuses on the growth in competences in the area of pedadogy, classroom management, design of educational materials, and assessment and evaluation. If social competences of teachers are addressed, social interaction (communication as well as collaboration) is seen as a condition for learning effects in terms of acquiring more knowledge and skills in pedagogy and the subject matter. The assumption is that the more frequent, regular and shared the social interaction is, the more will be learned in terms of pedagogical skills and content knowledge. However, we argue that social competences themselves are also important in the profile of a competent and experienced teacher in secondary education. Teachers who are able and willing to interact, communicate and collaborate with peers and colleagues not only learn themselves but also stimulate a learning culture in a school. In this paper, we will elaborate on supporting the development of social competences of teachers in the context of computer support collaborative learning (CSCL) by student teachers in a pre-service or in-service setting and experienced teachers in the workplace.
Medullary (C cell) carcinoma of the thyroid with features of follicular oxyphilic cell tumours

During the last few years the spectrum of histological features seen in tumours of C cell origin has broadened and, among other variants, papillary and glandular forms have been recognized. Seven cases are now reported of medullary carcinoma with features of oxyphilic follicular cell tumours. These cases were studied with routine techniques and an immunolocalization method using antibodies to calcitonin and thyroglobulin. The tumours were mainly composed of well‐demarcated eosinophilic cells of variable size arranged in trabecular, solid and follicular structures. One of the cases was negative for calcitonin but displayed strong diffuse argyrophilia and amyloid deposits; two amyloidfree tumours revealed argyrophil granules and were positive for calcitonin, the immunoreaction being inconspicuous in one however. Apart from trapped normal thyroid follicles, thyroglobulin was absent in the tumours. It is concluded that medullary carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of thyroid oxyphilic cell tumours, even when showing glandular differentiation, and that immunolocalization techniques using calcitonin and thyroglobulin in combination with methods for demonstration of argyrophil granules and amyloid are essential for accurate diagnosis of this type of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.
AIS Electronic

Despite the diverse calls for transferability in IS research, most IS qualitative research studies still pay little attention to the possible applicability of their results in other social contexts (settings). We argue that one way to enhance transferability is to characterize the deep features of the research setting. The two main premises of this paper are that although in IS qualitative research knowledge about results is context-bound, (1) the settings in which IS phenomena occur may have common features and characteristics, and therefore, the settings may be commensurable, and (2) the transferability of research results from one setting to another depends on the fit between those common features and characteristics of the settings. In this article, we draw on the constituents of structure proposed by Giddens to suggest these common features and develop a framework of four pure "structural configurations. " We consider this framework may be a first approximation to typifying the setting in which IS phenomena occur, and therefore, a way to enhance the transferability of IS qualitative research by delineating the applicability of its results.
Loopback or not?

Issues in design verification of high-speed serial I/O devices. The increasing data rate of high-speed I/O devices makes currently available measurement tools such as realtime oscilloscopes obsolete. Measuring jitter performance of prototyped physical layer ICs of 5 Gb/s will particularly become a critical problem using current-mainstream oscilloscope technology. Therefore, the architecture of oscilloscopes has to be changed from a high-speed ADCcentric to an equivalent-time (ET) sampling architecture in order to provide the capabilities necessary for measuring signal integrity at and above 5 Gb/s. It is well known that the ET sampling architecture has several disadvantages [1]:
A multi-standard micro-programmable deblocking filter architecture and its application to VC-1 video decoder

In order to overcome the loss in blocking artifacts due to block-based prediction, transformation, and quantization, a de-blocking filtering method is necessary to maximize coding performance and consequently improve image quality. This paper describes a programmable VC-1 de-blocking filter architecture with capabilities to support different standards. The architecture has been modeled, simulated and implemented in RTL. Results show a threefold performance improvement as compared to solutions where filtering algorithms are otherwise not hardwired. Results also point to parallelism based on existing data flow and show that real-time requirements can be met.