Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On-Request Channel Allocation in LTE Cellular Networks

— Long-term evolution (LTE) femtocells represent a very promising answer to the ever growing bandwidth demand of mobile applications. They can be easily deployed without requiring a centralized planning to provide high data rate connectivity with a limited coverage. Femtocell is low-power, very small and cost effective cellular base station used in indoor environment. However, the impact of Femtocells on the performance of the conventional Macrocell system leads interference problem between Femtocells and pre-existing Macrocells as they share the same licensed frequency spectrum. Frequency Reuse (FR) is an effort of manipulating the frequency resource allocation upon terminal's location to improve system capacity. In this paper, an efficient method to improve system capacity through interference management in the existing FemtoMacro two tier networks has been proposed. In the proposed scheme, a novel frequency planning for two tiers cellular networks using frequency reuse technique is used where Macro base stations allocate frequency sub-bands for Femtocells users on-request basis through Femtocells base-stations to cancel interference. Going to implement power allocation or distribution based enhance ment of channel capacity taken as throughput in this paper.
A comparison of control structures for error correction in packet-switched networks

New applications in areas such as factory automation, power distribution, and transportation rely on a networked infrastructure. These networked embedded control systems pose many research challenges on predictability, reliability, and scalability [1]. One important subproblem is on how to execute feedback control applications over unreliable communication channels. There are two natural approaches to address this problem. One is to modify each control algorithm to cope with the variations and uncertainties posed by the network, e.g., [2]. Another approach is to develop generic interfaces between control applications and transport protocols that are suitable for a large class of control applications and network conditions. The latter approach is less studied in the literature, but considered in this paper. We focus on adaptation mechanisms for packet losses, but the goal of our research is to develop interfaces that are aware of general features of both control applications (e.g., control quality, stability) and networks (e.g., delay, jitter, packet loss, disconnection). The main contribution of the paper is a comparison of a set of end-to-end error correction algorithms that support control applications on top of an unreliable packet-switched network. By adapting the amount of transmitted redundancy, it is possible to cope with quite drastic changes in the packet loss probability. It is shown that the amount and type of data used in the control algorithm influence the performance. In particular, interesting features of feedforward and feedback controls are discussed. The presented schemes are modifications on an adaptive forward error correction (AFEC) that was recently proposed by Park and Wang [3] for end-to-end transport of real-time traffic. Similar AFEC schemes have been applied to Internet telephony [4] and MPEG streaming [5]. Our paper presents some preliminary but quite encouraging simulation results. Ongoing work includes control theoretic analysis to support tuning rules for the proposed scheme, extensive simulations with real data, and control application implementations. Consider the following communication model for an end-toend connection. Let each data block consist of a fixed number of N > 0 data packets. For block m, there is a variable number of 0 ≤ km ≤ N packets that contain data (application information) and um = N − km packets of redundancy.
Comparative study of image segmentation techniques and object matching using segmentation

Several general-purpose algorithms and techniques have been developed for image segmentation. Since there is no general solution to the image segmentation problem, these techniques often have to be combined with domain knowledge in order to effectively solve an image segmentation problem for a problem domain. This paper presents a comparative study of the basic image segmentation techniques i.e. Edge-Based, K-Means Clustering, Thresholding and Region-Based techniques, using a number of test images. The objects extracted after image enhancement and image segmentation as compared to the objects desired, whether the region boundaries are closed or disconnected and the Mean Weighted Distance measure of the segmented objects with respect to the original image form the criteria to perform the comparative study. Image segmentation is further used for object matching between two images. Correlation between the objects being matched in the two images is used as a measure of similarity between the two objects. The first principal component axis, determined by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), of the objects being matched are aligned with the x-axis to take into account the different orientation of an object in different images.
FAST Rate Allocation Through Steepest Descent for JPEG2000 Video Transmission

This work addresses the transmission of pre-encoded JPEG2000 video within a video-on-demand scenario. The primary requirement for the rate allocation algorithm deployed in the server is to match the real-time processing demands of the application. Scalability in terms of complexity must be provided to supply a valid solution by a given instant of time. The FAst rate allocation through STeepest descent (FAST) method introduced in this work selects an initial (and possibly poor) solution, and iteratively improves it until time is exhausted or the algorithm finishes execution. Experimental results suggest that FAST commonly achieves solutions close to the global optimum while employing very few computational resources.
Study on criterion function models in the adaptive branch and bound algorithm

The adaptive branch and bound algorithm was recently introduced to accelerate the search speed for optimal feature selection. The algorithm improves upon prior branch and bound algorithms in many aspects. One of the major improvements is to model the criterion function as a simple mathematical function and to adapt it in the proposed jump search strategy to avoid redundant computations. In this paper, we investigate various mathematical functions that can be used as the criterion function model. Experimental results for two real data sets demonstrate that other simple criterion function models perform as well as the default one.
Approximate minimum enclosing balls in high dimensions using core-sets

We study the minimum enclosing ball (MEB) problem for sets of points or balls in high dimensions. Using techniques of second-order cone programming and "core-sets", we have developed (1 + ε)-approximation algorithms that perform well in practice, especially for very high dimensions, in addition to having provable guarantees. We prove the existence of core-sets of size O(1/ε), improving the previous bound of O(1/ε2), and we study empirically how the core-set size grows with dimension. We show that our algorithm, which is simple to implement, results in fast computation of nearly optimal solutions for point sets in much higher dimension than previously computable using exact techniques.
Comparison of InP/InGaAs DHBT distributed amplifiers as modulator drivers for 80-Gbit/s operation

This paper compares three single-ended distributed amplifiers (DAs) realized in an in-house InP/InGaAs double heterojunction bipolar transistor technology featuring an f/sub t/ and f/sub max/ larger than 200 GHz. The amplifiers use five or eight gain cells with cascode configuration and emitter follower buffering. Although the technology is optimized for mixed-signal circuits for 80 Gbit/s and beyond, DA results could be achieved that demonstrate the suitability of this process for the realization of modulator drivers. The results are documented with scattering parameter, eye diagram, and power measurements. This includes amplifiers featuring a 3-dB bandwidth exceeding 80 GHz and a gain of over 10 dB. One of the amplifiers exhibits clear eyes at 80 Gbit/s with a gain of 14.5 dB and a voltage output swing of 2.4 V/sub pp/ limited by the available digital input signal. This amplifier delivers an output power of 18 dBm (5.1 V/sub pp/) at 40 GHz and 1-dB compression. Two amplifiers offer a tunable gain peaking, which can be used to optimize circuit performance and to compensate losses in the circuit environment. The results show that, using our InP/InGaAs technology, an integration of high-speed mixed-signal circuits (e.g., multiplexers) and high-power modulator drivers on a single chip is feasible.
Connexin32 Mutations Cause Loss of Function in Schwann Cells and Oligodendrocytes Leading to PNS and CNS Myelination Defects

The gap junction (GJ) protein connexin32 (Cx32) is expressed by myelinating Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes and is mutated in X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. In addition to a demyelinating peripheral neuropathy, some Cx32 mutants are associated with transient or chronic CNS phenotypes. To investigate the molecular basis of these phenotypes, we generated transgenic mice expressing the T55I or the R75W mutation and an IRES-EGFP, driven by the mouse Cnp promoter. The transgene was expressed in oligodendrocytes throughout the CNS and in Schwann cells. Both the T55I and the R75W mutants were localized in the perinuclear cytoplasm, did not form GJ plaques, and did not alter the expression or localization of two other oligodendrocytic GJ proteins, Cx47 and Cx29, or the expression of Cx29 in Schwann cells. On wild type background, the expression of endogenous mCx32 was unaffected by the T55I mutant, but was partly impaired by R75W. Transgenic mice with the R75W mutation and all mutant animals with Gjb1-null background developed a progressive demyelinating peripheral neuropathy along with CNS myelination defects. These findings suggest that Cx32 mutations result in loss of function in myelinated cells without trans-dominant effects on other GJ proteins. Loss of Cx32 function alone in the CNS causes myelination defects.
An integrated multilayer traffic engineering scheme in the new generation GMPLS based optical Internet

This paper proposes a new scheme for multi-layer traffic engineering (MTE) in generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS) IP over optical networks. The scheme routes IP traffic guaranteeing sufficient bandwidth, high transmission quality and low resource usage. The routing decision is made via a cost metric which considers lightpath's power penalty and propagation delay and number of available wavelengths and transmitters. The requests are accommodated on mixed (lambda and packet) GMPLS label switched paths (LSPs) installed by nested RSVP-TE sessions. Extensive simulations demonstrate the good quality of the scheme's performance in terms of blocking probability and resource usage.
Prognostic Evaluation Based on Cortical Vein Score Difference in Stroke

Background and Purpose— Multimodal imaging in acute ischemic stroke defines the extent of arterial collaterals, resultant penumbra, and associated infarct core, yet limitations abound. We identified superficial and deep venous drainage patterns that predict outcomes in patients with a proximal arterial occlusion of the anterior circulation. Methods— An observational study that used computed tomography (CT) angiography to detail venous drainage in a consecutive series of patients with a proximal anterior circulation arterial occlusion. The principal veins that drain the cortex (superficial middle cerebral, vein of Trolard, vein of Labbé, and basal vein of Rosenthal) and deep structures were scored with a categorical scale on the basis of degree of contrast enhancement. The Prognostic Evaluation based on Cortical vein score difference In Stroke score encompassing the interhemispheric difference of the composite scores of the veins draining the cortices (superficial middle cerebral+vein of Trolard+vein of Labbé+basal vein of Rosenthal) was analyzed with respect to 90-day modified Rankin Scale outcomes. Results— Thirty-nine patients were included in the study. A Prognostic Evaluation based on Cortical vein score difference In Stroke score of 4 to 8 accurately predicted poor outcomes (modified Rankin Scale, 3–6; odds ratio, 20.53; P<0.001). On stepwise logistic regression analyses adjusted for CT Alberta stroke program early CT score, CT angiography collateral grading and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, a Prognostic Evaluation based on Cortical vein score difference In Stroke score of 4 to 8 (odds ratio, 23.598; P=0.009) and an elevated admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (odds ratio, 1.423; P=0.023) were independent predictors of poor outcome. Conclusions— The Prognostic Evaluation based on Cortical vein score difference In Stroke score, a novel measure of venous enhancement on CT angiography, accurately predicts clinical outcomes. Venous features on computed tomography angiography provide additional characterization of collateral perfusion and prognostication in acute ischemic stroke.
Intergenerational Programs Review: Study Design and Characteristics of Intervention, Outcomes, and Effectiveness

ABSTRACT There is a growing interest in intergenerational connectivity through intergenerational programs. In this work, a review of intergenerational programs was performed, with focus on the program design and objectives as well as in their outcomes. We used a systematic review method in which we screened 3,796 articles. After analyzing titles, abstracts, and full paper analysis, 16 articles were retained. Each study was reviewed, and data were extracted related to target population, study design, characteristics of intervention, outcomes, and effectiveness. Intergenerational programs included educational programs and art, Information technology development, cultural heritage, health education, and therapeutic activities. Most of the programs collected both quantitative and/or qualitative data. Seven studies collected data in the beginning and at the end of the program. Significant diversity in sample size and intervention length was found. Measurement of outcomes was performed in both young and/or elderly group of participants. Programs impact evaluation varied between studies, including validated scales, interviews, observation, focus groups, and conversation analysis, narratives, videotaped sessions, and field notes. Our study highlighted the diversity in the design of studies and in the program’s effectiveness evaluation. More randomized design studies are required to support researchers and practitioners in the development of future intergenerational programs.
Multi-finger AR Typing Interface for Mobile Devices Using High-Speed Hand Motion Recognition

In this paper, we propose a new user interface designed to improve the usability of mobile devices. The interface overlays a virtual keyboard on real images captured by a camera attached to the back of a mobile device and recognizes user's hand motions by using optical flow information. The user can operate the virtual keyboard with his/her multiple fingers in the space behind the mobile device. The interface recognizes only hand motions and does not recognize poses of a hand or fingers, which enables high-speed stable recognition without complicated processing. The experimental system recognized hand motions with a processing time of about 8.33 [ms/frame] (about 120 [fps]). We implemented a keyboard application using our interface on the experimental system and evaluated the performance. The result of a simple user study showed that typing speed became faster as a trial is repeated.
Physical Properties of the Lyα Forest in a Cold Dark Matter Cosmology

We discuss the origin and physical nature of the Lyα forest absorption systems as found in hydrodynamical simulations of the intergalactic medium (IGM) in a standard cold dark matter cosmology (Ω = 1, H0 = 50 km s-1 Mpc-1, σ8 = 0.7). The structures of the systems that give rise to the Lyα forest span a wide range in morphologies, depending on the density contrast. Highly overdense systems, ρb/b≳10, where ρb denotes baryon density, tend to be spheroidal and are located at the intersections of an interconnecting network of filaments of moderate overdensity, 1≲ρb/b≲5. The typical thickness of the filaments is 100 kpc, with a typical length of a few megaparsecs. At the cosmological average density, the characteristic morphology is cell-like with underdense regions separated by overdense, sheetlike partitions. The lowest density contours tend to enclose amorphous, isolated regions. We find that the principal structures of the IGM are in place by z = 5, with the evolution in the IGM absorption properties due primarily to the expansion of the universe and the changing intensity of the photoionizing background radiation field. The absorption properties of the forest clouds correlate strongly with those of the underlying physical systems from which they arise. The highest column density systems (log NH I ≳ 15) correspond to the highly overdense spheroidal structures, moderate column density systems (13 ≲ log NH I ≲ 14) correspond to the filaments, and the lowest density absorption systems originate from discrete fluctuations within underdense regions a few megaparsecs across, cosmic minivoids. Most of the intergalactic He II opacity arises from these underdense regions. Similar correlations are found for the cloud temperature and divergence of the peculiar velocity field. Within the uncertainties of the statistics of the derived Lyα forest properties, we are able to account for the distribution of optical depths in our synthesized spectra entirely by absorption due to discrete systems. We find that virtually all the baryons in the simulation fragment into structures that we can identify with discrete absorption lines, with at most 5% remaining in a smoothly distributed component (the Gunn-Peterson effect). We compare our results with the cloud ionization parameters inferred from Keck HIRES measurements of carbon and silicon in the Lyα forest. Combining with constraints imposed by measurements of the mean intergalactic H I opacity permits separate limits to be set on the mean cosmological baryon density, Ωb, and H I ionization rate, ΓH I. For the cosmological model investigated, we find 0.03 ≲ Ωb ≲ 0.08 and 0.3 ≲ ΓH I,-12 ≲ 1 (ΓH I,-12 = ΓH I/10-12 s-1) at z = 3-3.5. Our results for the amount of intergalactic H I and He II absorption and for the ionization parameters of the clouds are consistent with a forest photoionized by a UV background dominated by QSO sources with an intrinsic spectral index of αQ ≈ 1.8-2.
Paucity of horizontal connections for binocular vision in V1 of naturally strabismic macaques: Cytochrome oxidase compartment specificity

To describe the structural basis for lack of binocular fusion in strabismic primates, we investigated intrinsic horizontal connections within striate cortex (area V1) of normal and strabismic, adult macaque monkeys. The strabismic animals had early‐onset natural esotropia (the visual axes deviated nasally), normal visual acuity in each eye, and the constellation of ocular motor deficits that typify human infantile strabismus. Horizontal patchy connections and synaptic boutons were labeled by injections of the neuronal tracer biotinylated dextran amine. Ocular dominance columns (ODCs), and blob vs. interblob compartments, were revealed by using cytochrome oxidase (CO). In layers 2/3 and 4B of the strabismic monkeys, patchy projections and boutons terminated much more frequently in same‐eye (73%) as opposed to opposite‐eye (27%) ODCs (normal monkeys 58% and 42%, respectively). The deficiency of binocular connections in the strabismic cortex was evident qualitatively as a “skip” pattern, in which every other row of ODCs had labeled patches. Analysis of V1 in normal monkeys revealed that the deficits in strabismic V1 were due mainly to a loss of binocular connections between neurons in CO‐interblob compartments. In both normal and strabismic monkeys: (1) CO‐blob compartment neurons showed a more pronounced bias for monocular connectivity, and (2) commitment of connections to the same CO‐compartment as the injection site (blob‐to‐blob, or interblob‐to‐interblob) was moderately strong (64%) but far from absolute. These findings help elucidate the relative roles of visual experience vs. innate mechanisms in the development of axonal connections between ocular dominance domains and compartments within macaque V1. They also provide the first detailed description of the V1 maldevelopments associated with unrepaired natural, infantile‐onset strabismus in primates. J. Comp. Neurol. 474:261–275, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Health Fetal and Early Childhood Undernutrition , Mortality , and Lifelong

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Direct Evidence of Interfacial Hydrogen Bonding in Proton-Electron Concerted 2D Organic Bilayer on Au Substrate

Recent advances in the molecular design of organic materials have uncovered various novel functional properties. One of them is the coupling of proton dynamics and electrical conductivity, which can only be achieved in 3D organic crystals. However, re-duction of dimensionality to two dimensions is essential in organic electronics application. In this study, we prepared and char-acterized a 2D organic bilayer with “proton-electron” concerted functionality on a solid surface. It consisted of catechol-fused bis(methylthio)tetrathiafulvalene (H 2 Cat-BMT-TTF) deposited onto an imidazole-terminated alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayer (Im-SAM) on a Au surface. Direct evidence of interfacial hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) was obtained by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS), and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. STM images showed the deposited H 2 Cat-BMT-TTF molecules as grains with the thickness of a single molecular layer. The OH stretching vibrational modes of H 2 Cat-BMT-TTF in the IRAS spectra showed a large red shift and substantial broadening upon adsorption on Im-SAM, indicating that the OH groups of H 2 Cat-BMT-TTF act as the H + donor sites. The counterpart H + acceptor sites were pinpointed by N K-edge NEXAFS. The π * peak of the imino N atoms of the imidazole rings in Im-SAM shifted to higher energy upon the adsorption of H 2 Cat-BMT-TTF. Therefore, H-bonds form between the imino N atoms (H + acceptor sites) of Im-SAM and the OH groups (H + donor sites) of H 2 Cat-BMT-TTF. The present work is a steady step toward the realization of 2D organic functional materials, and the experimental methods adopted herein will serve as powerful tools for the detection of their functions.