Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tests of Con ditional Asset Pricing Mo dels: A NewApproach

¤Comments welcome.E-mail:qingwang@ management.mcgill. ca;Phone:(51 4)398-40 54. I am grateful toYacineA Ä3t-Sahalia,X iaohongChen,JohnCochrane,G eorgeConstantinides,andR obertM cCullochfor advice.I alsothankM ichaelB randt,PhilipD ybvig,L arsH ansen,D avidH sieh,R avi Jagannathan,R aymond Kan,Ekaterini Kyriazidou,Kai L i,R ueyT say,G uofuZ ou,andseminarparticipantsatM cG illU niversity, theU niversityofChicago,theU niversityofN orthCarolina,theU niversityofToronto,theU niversityof W aterloo,andW ashingtonU niversityinStL ouisforhelpfulcommentsandsuggestions.T hispaperhasalso benē tedfromapresentationattheN orthernFinanceA ssociation1 998 meetings inToronto.
Fine-tuning GPT-3 for machine learning electronic and functional properties of organic molecules

We evaluate the effectiveness of fine-tuning GPT-3 for the prediction of electronic and functional properties of organic molecules. Our findings show that fine-tuned GPT-3 can successfully identify and distinguish between chemically meaningful patterns, and discern subtle differences among them, exhibiting robust predictive performance for the prediction of molecular properties. We focus on assessing the fine-tuned models' resilience to information loss, resulting from the absence of atoms or chemical groups, and to noise that we introduce via random alterations in atomic identities. We discuss the challenges and limitations inherent to the use of GPT-3 in molecular machine-learning tasks and suggest potential directions for future research and improvements to address these issues.
Generalized maximum‐likelihood generalized extreme‐value quantile estimators for hydrologic data

The three‐parameter generalized extreme‐value (GEV) distribution has found wide application for describing annual floods, rainfall, wind speeds, wave heights, snow depths, and other maxima. Previous studies show that small‐sample maximum‐likelihood estimators (MLE) of parameters are unstable and recommend L moment estimators. More recent research shows that method of moments quantile estimators have for −0.25 < κ < 0.30 smaller root‐mean‐square error than L moments and MLEs. Examination of the behavior of MLEs in small samples demonstrates that absurd values of the GEV‐shape parameter κ can be generated. Use of a Bayesian prior distribution to restrict κ values to a statistically/physically reasonable range in a generalized maximum likelihood (GML) analysis eliminates this problem. In our examples the GML estimator did substantially better than moment and L moment quantile estimators for − 0.4 ≤ κ ≤ 0.
Structure and Dynamics of GPCRs in Lipid 2 Membranes: Physical Principles and Experimental 3 Approaches 4

: Over the past decade the vast amount of information generated through structural 10 and biophysical studies of GPCRs has provided unprecedented mechanistic insight into the 11 complex signalling behaviour of these receptors. With this recent information surge it has also 12 become increasingly apparent that in order to reproduce the various effects that lipids and 13 membranes exert on the biological function for these allosteric receptors, in vitro studies of GPCRs 14 need to be conducted under conditions that adequately approximate the native lipid bilayer 15 environment. In the first part of this review we assess some of the more general effects that a 16 membrane environment exerts on lipid bilayer-embedded proteins such as GPCRs. This is then 17 followed by the consideration of more specific effects, including stoichiometric interactions with 18 specific lipid subtypes. In the final section we survey a range of different membrane mimetics that 19 are currently used for in vitro studies, with a focus on NMR applications.
: A population-based

Introduction Many people in Nigeria are living with disability due to chronic low back pain (CLBP), with the greatest burden accounted for by people living in rural Nigeria. However, factors associated with disability in rural Nigeria have not yet been established. We investigated the biomechanical and psychosocial predictors of CLBP disability in a rural Nigerian population. Methods A cross-sectional study of adults with non-specific CLBP recruited from rural communities in Enugu State, South-eastern Nigeria. Measures of self-reported and performance-based disability, pain intensity, anxiety and depression, coping strategies, social support, occupational biomechanical factors, illness perceptions and fear avoidance beliefs were collected by trained community health workers. We used univariate and multivariate analyses. results 200 individuals were recruited. Psychosocial factors were the most important factors associated with CLBP disability, and accounted for 62.5% and 49.1% of the variance in self-reported and performance-based disability, respectively. The significant predictors of self-reported disability were: illness perceptions ( β =0.289; p<0.0005), pain intensity ( β =0.230; p<0.0005), catastrophising ( β =0.210; p=0.001), fear avoidance beliefs ( β =0.198; p=0.001) and anxiety ( β =0.154; p=0.023). The significant predictors of performance-based disability were: illness perceptions ( β =0.366; p<0.0005), social support ( β =0.290; p<0.0005), fear avoidance beliefs ( β =0.189; p<0.01) and female gender ( β =0.184; p<0.01). Illness concern was the most salient dimension of illness perceptions predicting self-reported and performance-based disability. Conclusions These results provide evidence which can be used to inform the development of interventions to reduce CLBP disability in rural Nigeria, and may have relevance in other rural African contexts.
Developing a Holonomic iROV as a Tool for Kelp Bed Mapping

Kelp beds support a vast and diverse ecosystem including marine mammals, fish, invertebrates, other algae and epibiota, yet these kelp beds can be highly ephemeral. Mapping the density and distribution of kelp beds, and assessing change over yearly cycles, are important objectives for coastal oceanography. However, nearshore habitat mapping is challenging, affected by dynamic currents, tides, shallow depths, frequent non-uniform obstacles and often turbid water. Noisy and often incomplete sensor data compound a lack of landmarks available for navigation. The intelligent, position-aware holonomic ROV (iROV) SeaBiscuit was designed specifically for this nearshore habitat mapping application and represents a novel synthesis of techniques and innovative solutions to nearshore habitat mapping. The concept of an iROV combines the benefits of autonomous underwater navigation and mapping while maintaining the flexibility and security of remote high-level control and supervision required for operation in hostile, complex underwater environments. An onboard battery provides an energy buffer for high-powered thrust and security of energy supply. Onboard low-level autonomy provides robust autopilot features, including station-keeping or course-holding in a flow, allowing the operator to direct the survey and supervise mapping data in realtime during acquisition. With the aim of providing high-usability maps on a budget feasible for small-scale field research groups, SeaBiscuit fuses the data from an orthogonal arrangement of a forward-facing multibeam sonar and a complementary 360° scanning sonar with a full navigation suite to explore and map the nearshore environment. Sensor fusion, coupled with the holonomic propulsion system, also allows optimal use of the information available from the limited budget sensor suite. Robust and reliable localisation is achieved even with noisy and incomplete sensor data using a relatively basic Inertial Navigation System and sonar-aided SLAM in the absence of an expensive Doppler velocity log or baseline navigation system. Holonomic motion in the horizontal plane and an axisymmetric hull provide the manoeuvrability required to operate in this complex environment, while allowing 3D maps to be generated in-transit. The navigation algorithms were tested mapping a piling dock and the habitat mapping sensors calibrated using an ‘artificial’ kelp bed of manually dimensioned kelp stipes transplanted to a sheltered but open-water real-world environment. Sea trials demonstrated mapping open ocean kelp beds, identifying clusters of stipes, converting this into a useful measure of biomass and generating a density surface across the kelp bed. This research provides field-proven techniques to improve the nearshore habitat mapping capabilities of underwater vehicles. Future work includes the transition to full-scale kelp bed mapping, and further development of the vehicle and sensor fusion algorithms to improve nearshore navigation.
Special Section on Perspective on Drug Metabolism and Disposition, Part I — Minireview Epigenetic Mechanisms Contribute to Intraindividual Variations of Drug Metabolism Mediated by Cytochrome P450 Enzymes

Significant interindividual and intraindividual variations on cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated drug metabolism exist in the general population globally. Genetic polymorphisms are one of the major contribution factors for interindividual variations, but epigenetic mechanisms mainly contribute to intraindividual variations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs. The current review provides analysis of advanced knowledge in the last decade on contributions of epigenetic mechanisms to intraindividual variations on CYP-mediated drug metabolism in several situations, including (1) ontogeny, the developmental changes of CYP expression in individuals from neonates to adults; (2) increased activities of CYP enzymes induced by drug treatment; (3) increased activities of CYP enzymes in adult ages induced by drug treatment at neonate ages; and (4) decreased activities of CYP enzymes in individuals with drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Furthermore, current challenges, knowledge gaps, and future perspective of the epigenetic mechanisms in development of CYP pharmacoepigenetics are discussed. In conclusion, epigenetic mechanisms have been proven to contribute to intraindividual variations of drug metabolism mediated by CYP enzymes in age development, drug induction, and DILI conditions. The knowledge has helped understanding how intraindividual variation are generated. Future studies are needed to develop CYP-based phar-macoepigenetics to guide clinical applications for precision medicine with improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced risk of adverse drug reactions and toxicity.
NaNofuzz: A Usable Tool for Automatic Test Generation

In the United States alone, software testing labor is estimated to cost $48 billion USD per year. Despite widespread test execution automation and automation in other areas of software engineering, test suites continue to be created manually by software engineers. We have built a test generation tool, called NaNofuzz, that helps users find bugs in their code by suggesting tests where the output is likely indicative of a bug, e.g., that return NaN (not-a-number) values. NaNofuzz is an interactive tool embedded in a development environment to fit into the programmer's workflow. NaNofuzz tests a function with as little as one button press, analyses the program to determine inputs it should evaluate, executes the program on those inputs, and categorizes outputs to prioritize likely bugs. We conducted a randomized controlled trial with 28 professional software engineers using NaNofuzz as the intervention treatment and the popular manual testing tool, Jest, as the control treatment. Participants using NaNofuzz on average identified bugs more accurately (p < .05, by 30%), were more confident in their tests (p < .03, by 20%), and finished their tasks more quickly (p < .007, by 30%).
University of Memphis Digital Commons University of Memphis Digital Commons

The purpose of the current study was to assess perceived social support as a moderator of the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and depression. An additional facet of the current study included examination of how IPV measurement might impact results. Participants included 151 racially diverse female survivors of IPV. Two separate path analyses were conducted to assess social support as a moderator of the association between IPV measured both as a unitary construct and as three subtypes (physical IPV, sexual IPV, and psychological IPV) and depression. We expected that differences in findings would emerge based on how IPV was measured, such that social support would influence the relationship between IPV measured as a unitary construct, but not between each IPV subtype and depression. When assessed as a unitary construct, the model examining whether perceived social support moderated the association between IPV and depression was not significant. When assessed as subtypes, the model examining whether perceived social support moderated the association between each type and depression was significant. Results indicated that social support moderated the association between sexual IPV and depression. At low levels of social support, lower levels of depression were noted at low levels of sexual IPV compared to high levels of sexual IPV. This association was not significant at higher levels of social support. Social support did not moderate the association between physical IPV or psychological IPV and depression. These findings suggest that perceived social support, more specifically low perceived social support, may be particularly relevant with regard to sexual IPV. The current findings also suggest that stratifying IPV by type rather than as a unitary construct may be relevant in understanding which variables impact the association between IPV and negative mental health outcomes.
SNOTEL representativeness in the Rio Grande headwaters on the basis of physiographics and remotely sensed snow cover persistence

In this study we identify the physiographic and snowpack conditions currently represented by snowpack telemetry (SNOTEL) stations in the Rio Grande headwaters. Based on 8 years of advanced very high‐resolution radiometer data (1995–2002) a snow cover persistence index was derived. Snow cover persistence values at the seven SNOTEL sites ranged from 3·9 to 4·75, with an average 14% greater than the mean persistence of the watershed. Using elevation, western barrier distance, and vegetation density, a 32‐node binary classification tree model explained 75% of the variability in average snow cover persistence. Terrain classes encompassing the Lily Pond, Middle Creek, and Slumgullion SNOTEL sites represented 4·1%, 6·4%, and 4·0% of the watershed area respectively. SNOTEL stations do not exist in the spatially extensive (e.g. 11% of the watershed) terrain classes located in the upper elevations above the timberline. The results and techniques presented here will be useful for spatially distributed hydrologic analyses, in that we have identified the physiographic conditions currently represented by SNOTEL stations (i.e. the snowpack regimes at which snow water equivalent estimation uncertainty can be determined). Further, we outlined a statistically unbiased approach for designing future observation networks tailored for spatially distributed applications. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constructing the field : ethnographic fieldwork in the contemporary world

Ethnographic fieldwork is traditionally seen as what distinguishes social and cultural anthropology from the other social sciences. This collection responds to the inte nsifying scrutiny of fieldwork in recent years. It challenges the idea of the necessity for the total immersion of the ethnographer in the field, and for the clear separation of professional and personal areas of activity. The very existence of 'the field' as an entity separate from everyday life is questioned. Fresh perspectives on contemporary fieldwork are provided by diverse case-studies from across North America and Europe. These contributions give a thorough appraisal of what fieldwork is and should be, and an extra dimension is added through fascinating accounts of the personal experiences of anthropologists in the field.
New SIMS U–Pb zircon ages from the Langavat Belt, South Harris, NW Scotland: implications for the Lewisian terrane model

Secondary ionization mass spectrometry (SIMS) U/Pb dating of zircon has been applied to rocks of the Lewisian Complex of South Harris (Outer Hebrides, NW Scotland), yielding insights into the complex geological evolution of this region and enhancing our understanding of terranes in the Lewisian Gneiss Complex. Results show that tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite magmatism occurred in the Tarbert Terrane between c. 2850 and 2830 Ma, equivalent to similar rocks in other parts of the Outer Hebrides. Magmatism was accompanied or closely followed by high-grade metamorphism at c. 2830 Ma, the first reported occurrence of such an event at this time. These rocks were affected by a subsequent high-grade metamorphic event at c. 2730 Ma, which has correlatives both in the Outer Hebrides and in the mainland Lewisian Gruinard Terrane. These data suggest that the ‘terranes’ forming the Outer Hebrides and parts of the mainland Lewisian were once contiguous and were fragmented by post-2730 Ma events. The c. 1700–1660 Ma ages from felsic sheets and pegmatites within the Langavat Shear Zone may record the reassembly of these crustal fragments.
Sensitivity of Asian and African climate to variations in seasonal insolation, glacial ice cover, sea surface temperature, and Asian orography

The sensitivity of Asian and African climate to prescribed changes in specific high-latitude boundary conditions is examined using the GISS general circulation model (GCM) (8° × 10°). In agreement with previous GCM simulations, summer Asian monsoon winds and rainfall were considerably enhanced by the ∼8% increase in 11 kyr B.P. insolation; the African monsoon was less responsive to insolation forcing in this model. Increased high-latitude glacial ice cover strengthened winter Asian trade winds and imposed cooler and drier conditions over Arabia and northeastern Africa; summer monsoon winds and associated precipitation were diminished over parts of south Asia. Increased high-latitude ice cover alone had little effect on African climate. Cooler North Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs) enhanced winter trade wind circulation over North Africa, promoted cooler and drier conditions, and reduced the summer monsoon circulation; southern Asian climate was relatively unaffected. Reducing Himalayan and Tibetan elevation to 500 m produced dramatic increases in winter Asian trade wind circulation; the summer monsoon circulation persisted but was weakened considerably. African climate was relatively insensitive to the reduced Asian orography. Many of the model results agree qualitatively with available paleoclimate data. These model results suggest that African and southern Asian climate respond to separate elements of high-latitude climate variability. Specifically, Arabian and northeastern African climate is most sensitive to changes in Fennoscandian ice elevation and albedo, whereas northwestern African climate is most sensitive to changes in the North Atlantic SST field.
Analyzing the detection capability of infrasound arrays in Central Europe

[1] This paper demonstrates the usefulness of continuous infrasound monitoring on regional scales to advance the development of automated source location procedures, as well as provide new insights into quantitative relationships between network detection capabilities and atmospheric specification. To achieve these goals, ground truth events in regions of dense infrasound networks must be considered. The infrasound network of the International Monitoring System (IMS) of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), while currently not fully established, has demonstrated its capability for locating infrasonic sources on a global scale, including meteorites and volcanic eruptions. This paper considers continuous records made by dense networks in Central Europe that are not part of the IMS. It shows the potentiality for future seismo-acoustic monitoring system to be used for discriminating between natural and artificial acoustic sources, and confirms that most of the detected infrasound energy propagates in the ground to stratospheric waveguide.
The distribution of megablocks in the Ries crater, Germany: Remote sensing, field investigation, and statistical analyses

The Ries crater is a well‐preserved, complex impact crater that has been extensively used in the study of impact crater formation processes across the solar system. However, its geologic structure, especially the megablock zone, still poses questions regarding crater formation mechanics. The megablock zone, located between the inner crystalline ring and outer, morphologic crater rim, consists of allochthonous crystalline and sedimentary blocks, Bunte Breccia deposits, patches of suevite, and parautochthonous sedimentary blocks that slumped into the crater during crater modification. Our remote sensing detection method in combination with a shallow drilling campaign and geoelectric measurements at two selected megablocks proved successful in finding new megablock structures (>25 m mean diameter) within the upper approximately 1.5 m of the subsurface in the megablock zone. We analyzed 1777 megablocks of the megablock zone, 81 of which are new discoveries. In our statistical analysis, we also included 2318 ejecta blocks >25 m beyond the crater rim. Parautochthonous megablocks show an increase in total area and size toward the final crater rim. The sizes of allochthonous megablocks generally decrease with increasing radial range, but inside the megablock zone, the coverage with postimpact sediments obscures this trend. The size‐frequency distribution of all megablocks obeys a power‐law distribution with an exponent between approximately −1.7 and −2.3. We estimated a total volume of 95 km3 of Bunte Breccia and 47 km3 of megablocks. Ejecta volume calculations and a palinspastic restoration of the extension within the megablock zone indicate that the transient cavity diameter was probably 14–15 km.
Time-lapse spectral induced polarization imaging of stimulated uranium bioremediation

Tomographic measurements of the spectral induced polarization (SIP) response of aquifer sediments were conducted at the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Integrated Field Research Challenge site (IFRC) in Rifle, Colorado (USA), where biostimulation research is ongoing with the purpose to immobilize uranium in tailings-contaminated groundwater. The aims of the SIP surveys were to (a) collect data over a sufficiently broad bandwidth so as to determine the characteristic frequency of the spectral response (at which the strongest polarization response takes places), (b) investigate the distribution of spectral parameters (e.g., characteristic time constant) in an imaging framework and (c) evaluate the potential of these images to delineate changes in the hydraulic properties of the aquifer. Careful field procedures provided high-quality SIP data from 0.060–256 Hz for three different periods during the remediation experiment. Data quality was evaluated by means of analysis of the discrepancy between normal and reciprocal measurements. A Cole-Cole model was fitted to pixel values extracted from the inverted images in order to assess changes in the SIP response – particularly in time constant (τ) and chargeability (m) – due to processes accompanying the stimulation of subsurface microbial activity. A significant increase in both τ and m was observed after halting acetate injection, consistent with the accumulation of semi-conductive minerals (e.g., FeS) during biostimulation and the post-injection rebound in aqueous Fe(II). The reliability of the imaged spectral parameters was assessed by means of a numerical study.