Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A qualitative exploration of actors’ power resources and relations in Swiss transit station district planning

ABSTRACT Cross-sectoral collaboration between actors is essential when planning station districts for transit-oriented development. However, power relations and the resulting dominance of selected actors complicate collaborative processes and the necessary integration between transportation and urban planning. Despite the previous problematization of power in planning, dedicated research is lacking on station districts. This article aims to tackle this literature gap through qualitative case studies of two station districts in Switzerland. The findings suggest that municipalities and public transport providers use power resources to assume institutional roles outside their traditional planning domains, partly as a tactical response to initiatives that they contest. For planning practice, the article proposes that process organizers grasp actors’ power potentials early and, if mobilized, integrate them in favor of broadly supported station district development.
A method for choosing appropriate investment periods to make arbitrage profit and explain stock returns

The current paper presents theoretical and experimental evidence to justify the need for paying attention to the investment horizon. Therefore, a criterion called the 'Safest Investment Horizon' (SIH) is utilized to select the appropriate investment horizon. To compute this quantity, a ratio called the 'Safest Investment Ratio' (SIR) is calculated, and the relationship between these criteria and arbitrage opportunities, along with methods for making an arbitrage profit through selecting an appropriate time horizon are discussed. Afterward, by applying this method for real-life data, the presence of arbitrage opportunities at different time horizons is confirmed. Furthermore, the effects of the time horizon on optimal portfolio composition are described. Finally, it is shown that these criteria outperform some of the conventional variables in CAPM, the 3-factor, and the 5-factor models for explaining stock returns and using SIH or SIR as a new variable increases the explanatory power of these models.
Circle, ellipse and parabola parametrisation using integral transforms

The standard Hough transform can be adapted to parametrise circles. The authors propose an approach which produces results significantly faster than by standard methods, whilst utilising the maximum amount of information in the image. Their circular disc detection algorithm uses two transforms to find the 3 parameters needed to define a circle. The first transforms into a parameter space locating disc centres, using a two-dimensional transform; the second, a one-dimensional transform, determines disc radius for each of the previously determined centres. This algorithm has been extensively tested with extremely good results. Ellipse detection, requiring 5 parameters, is considerably harder. However, the circular disc algorithms can act as a preprocessor giving very accurate values for ellipse location and orientation, along with estimates of the semi-major and minor axis.
Generation of high-energy and broadband terahertz radiation via coherent synthesis

A new method for the generation of high-energy and broadband terahertz (THz) radiation via coherent synthesis from multiple optical rectifications has been proposed. It is found that the intensities of the synthesized THz pulse are proportional to the square of the number of optical rectification processes when the same nonlinear crystals are used, which provides a simple method for the scaling up of THz energies with a powerful femtosecond laser. This method presents the possibility for THz strong-field physics with this table-top THz source. Moreover, in order to ensure that all the spectral components of the THz pulses are coherently synthesized, the relative time delay among the pump pulses should be less than 0.22 T0 (T0 is the pump pulse width).
Mendelian randomization suggests a potential causal effect of eosinophil count on influenza vaccination responsiveness

Currently, the clinical factors affecting immune responses to influenza vaccines have not been systematically explored. The mechanism of low responsiveness to influenza vaccination (LRIV) is complicated and not thoroughly elucidated. Thus, we integrate our in‐house genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) analysis result of LRIV (N = 111, Ncase [Low Responders] = 34, Ncontrol [Responders] = 77) with the GWAS summary of 10 blood‐based biomarkers (sample size ranging from 62 076−108 794) deposited in BioBank Japan (BBJ) to comprehensively explore the shared genetics between LRIV and blood‐based biomarkers to investigate the causal relationships between blood‐based biomarkers and LRIV by Mendelian randomization (MR). The applications of four MR approaches (inverse‐variance‐weighted [IVW], weighted median, weighted mode, and generalized summary‐data‐based MR [GSMR]) suggested that the genetically instrumented LRIV was associated with decreased eosinophil count (β = −5.517 to −4.422, p = 0.004−0.039). Finally, we conclude that the low level of eosinophil count is a suggestive risk factor for LRIV.
Fabrication of enclosed nanochannels in poly(methylmethacrylate) using proton beam writing and thermal bonding

We report a technique for fabricating enclosed nanochannels in poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) using proton beam writing coupled with thermal bonding. Using proton beam writing, straight-walled high-aspect-ratio channels can be directly fabricated through a relatively thick PMMA resist layer spin coated on a Kapton film. By thermally bonding the fabricated structures onto bulk PMMA, peeling off the Kapton substrate, and bonding the remaining exposed side to PMMA, enclosed high-aspect-ratio nano/microchannels can be fabricated. Such enclosed channels can be incorporated into fluidic polymeric devices, and the process is compatible with the fabrication of multilevel three-dimensional fluidic chips with vertical interconnects.
Short‐wave optical properties of precipitating water clouds

Water cloud drop‐size distributions for non‐precipitating clouds are taken from various sources. the optical depth, single‐scattering co‐albedo and asymmetry parameter are calculated using Mie theory. By averaging over four spectral intervals in the short‐wave regime, a linear parametrization for the co‐albedo and the asymmetry parameter is made as a function of the cloud‐layer effective drop radius, re, in each interval; re can be related to the cloud‐layer liquid‐water content (LWC). the optical depth is parametrized quadratically on re−1. This gives an excellent fit. These parametrizations are useful for general‐circulation model (GCM) and weather‐forecast models, which produce estimates of cloud‐layer LWC.
Numerical stability of the BEM for advection‐diffusion problems

A boundary element method (BEM) approach has been developed to solve the time‐dependent 1D advection‐diffusion equation. The 1D solution is part of a 3D numerical scheme for solving advection‐diffusion (AD) problems in fractured porous media. The full 3D scheme includes a 3D solution for the porous matrix, which is coupled with a 2D solution for fractures and a 1D solution for fracture intersections. As the hydraulic conductivity of the fracture intersections is usually higher than the hydraulic conductivity of the fractures and by at least one order of magnitude higher than the hydraulic conductivity of the porous matrix, the fastest flow and solute transport occurs in the fracture intersections. Therefore it is important to have an accurate and stable 1D solution of the transient AD problems. This article presents two different 1D BEM formulations for solution of the AD problems. The particular advantage of these formulations is that they provide one of the most straightforward and simplest ways to couple multiple intersecting 2D Boundary Element problems discretized with linear discontinuous elements. Both formulations are tested and compared for accuracy, stability, and consistency. The analysis helps to select the more suitable formulations according to the properties of the problem under consideration. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2004
?/4-shifted InGaAsP/InP DFB lasers

\lambda/4 -shifted InGaAsP/InP DFB lasers were studied theoretically and experimentally. The effect of reflectivities at the end of a DFB region and that of a \lambda/4 shift position were analyzed in terms of stability of single-longitudinal-mode operation and asymmetric power distribution. The shift of the \lambda/4 -shift position from the center to a certain place in the DFB region, with the end reflectivities less than several tenths of a percent, seemed most effective for efficient power extraction and reproducible DSM operation. The devices emitting at 1.5 μm range were fabricated by using negative and positive photoresists and employing one-step holographic exposure. They exhibited single-longitudinal-mode operations just at or closely around the center of the stopband, i.e., the Bragg wavelength. The slight wavelength deviations from the center were found to be attributed to the accidental phase-shift variations from the optimal value. Concerning such deviations in the fabricated devices, a simple and useful criterion, for example, P_{0}/P_{1} \geq 2-3 at I/I_{th} = 0.9 , for stable DSM operation was presented. Statistically, single-longitudinal-mode operations were observed in 95 devices out of 100, and the theoretical prediction was verified. The side-mode-suppression ratios under high-speed direct modulation were 35 dB or more.
WALLMAN-TYPE COMPACTIFICATIONS

All spaces in this paper are Tychonoff. A Wallman base on a space X is a normal separating ring of closed subsets of X (see Steiner, Duke Math. J. 35 (1968), 269-276). Let T be a com- pact space and 4 a Wallman base on T. For XCT, define ? x = {AnXIA423}. THEOREM 1. If X is a dense subspace of T, then T=wJ3x iff CITAfnCITB =0 whenever A, BE 43x and AnB =0. THEOREM 2. T=wJ3x for each dense XCT iff T=wJ3y for each dense YC T where T- YE. From these theorems we show that every compact F-space and every compact orderable space is a Wallman compactification of each of its dense subspaces. 1. Introduction. The Wallman base concept, first initiated by H. Wallman (W) in 1938, has been successfully used by Frink (3), Alo and Shapiro (1 ), Brooks (2), Hager (4), E. Steiner and A. Steiner (8), (9), and others. An important reference is the text Rings of con- tinuous functions (GJ) which exploits Wallman's method in con- structing the Stone-Cech compactification. We shall rely on these references for background, definitions and terminology. The chief motivation for this paper is an answer to the question: Can every Hausdorff compactification of a Tychonoff space be con- structed by Wallman's method? We provide some partial solutions. All topological spaces in this paper are Tychonoff. The space T is a compactification of X (denoted TEcX) means T is a compact ex- tension of X. When referring to an extension T of X, we may (and do) take X as a subspace of T (tacitly assuming the necessary embedding maps). Accordingly, we shall write T1 = T2 when T1 and T2 are equiva- lent compactifications of a given space. The notation TEwX (TEzX) means T is a Wallman compactification (z-compactification) of X. We reserve ,BX for the Stone-tech compactification of X. Finally, clxA and intxA denote the closure and interior, respectively, of A inX.
The Advanced-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma International Prognostic Index: Development and Validation of a Clinical Prediction Model From the HoLISTIC Consortium

PURPOSE The International Prognostic Score (IPS) has been used in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) for 25 years. However, analyses have documented suboptimal performance of the IPS among contemporarily treated patients. Harnessing multisource individual patient data from the Hodgkin Lymphoma International Study for Individual Care consortium, we developed and validated a modern clinical prediction model. METHODS Model development via Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis guidelines was performed on 4,022 patients with newly diagnosed advanced-stage adult cHL from eight international phase III clinical trials, conducted from 1996 to 2014. External validation was performed on 1,431 contemporaneously treated patients from four real-world cHL registries. To consider association over a full range of continuous variables, we evaluated piecewise linear splines for potential nonlinear relationships. Five-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS The median age in the development cohort was 33 (18-65) years; nodular sclerosis was the most common histology. Kaplan-Meier estimators were 0.77 for 5-year PFS and 0.92 for 5-year OS. Significant predictor variables included age, sex, stage, bulk, absolute lymphocyte count, hemoglobin, and albumin, with slight variation for PFS versus OS. Moreover, age and absolute lymphocyte count yielded nonlinear relationships with outcomes. Optimism-corrected c-statistics in the development model for 5-year PFS and OS were 0.590 and 0.720, respectively. There was good discrimination and calibration in external validation and consistent performance in internal-external validation. Compared with the IPS, there was superior discrimination for OS and enhanced calibration for PFS and OS. CONCLUSION We rigorously developed and externally validated a clinical prediction model in > 5,000 patients with advanced-stage cHL. Furthermore, we identified several novel nonlinear relationships and improved the prediction of patient outcomes. An online calculator was created for individualized point-of-care use.
The Art of Self-Presentation: A Study on Impression Management among Academicians in Sri Lankan State Universities

Impression Management is one of the important phenomena in everyday life, which everyone uses as a strategy to improve their current state of affairs. This qualitative study on impression management among academicians in Sri Lankan state universities was carried out to explore the impression management strategies which are adopted by academicians, while trying to identify the motives behind them to practice those strategies. Eight academics of a leading faculty in a state university, which is in the Colombo district were selected as the sample using the purposive sampling technique. Semi-structured interviews were adopted to collect data and the Thematic Analysis Technique was used to analyze those collected data. Findings of the study indicate that academicians of the selected context use a variety of impression management strategies. Those include direct strategies of creating a good image through presenting the self as competent, likable, diligent, supplicatory, and dangerous. Strategies of apology, reasoning and rejecting were identified as the direct ways of defending a bad image. Indirect impression formation is done by criticizing, passing the fault to others, and getting appreciation from others. Not only that, but academicians also use non-verbal ways such as attire, facial expressions, and vehicle & other accessories to create impressions. Further, the results illustrate that academicians are motivated to manage impressions to maintain a good image of themselves, to build a relationship, to achieve job-related goals such as, job security, career growth, and finally to motivate others for success. This study also provides some valuable theoretical and managerial implications
Thermocapillary instabilities in an evaporating drop deposited onto a heated substrate

The present study is an experimental investigation regarding the evaporation of ethanol drops deposited onto a heated substrate in a partial wetting situation. The originality of this work is based on the simultaneous observation of the kinetics of evaporation, heat and mass transfers, the triple-line dynamic, and thermal motions inside the drop. The triple line recedes during the drop evaporation and a spontaneous development of thermal-convective instabilities driven by the evaporation are observed. These instabilities are interpreted as hydrothermal waves induced by surface tension gradient along the free surface. An infrared technique is used to investigate the temporal and spatial dynamics of the hydrothermal waves. Results reveal a non-linear evolution of the number of waves as well as several instability regimes. A complete description of the drop evaporation with the evidence of several phases is provided. The influence of geometrical and thermal parameters has been analyzed and raised scaling law.
Tracer study of 2017-2019 NAMCOL TVET graduates

This article focuses on the outcome of a tracer study of former NAMCOL TVET trainees who completed their training in 2017, 2018 and 2019 in the following trades: Automotive Mechanics, Welding & Metal Fabrication, Office Administration and Plumbing & Pipe-Fitting in terms of their employment profile, opinions on the quality and effect of training they received in light of their employment experiences. The study revealed that former trainees were well equipped with relevant knowledge and skills needed by the job market. However, the majority were unemployed, and among the employed, others were employed outside their specialisation. Furthermore, the study revealed some challenges that former trainees encountered while studying with NAMCOL, among others, inadequate equipment, lack of job attachment opportunities, financial constraints, and the delay of equipment and material supply. The study further made recommendations that could improve TVET quality and delivery at NAMCOL.
Correct for Whom? Subjectivity and the Evaluation of Personalized Image Aesthetics Assessment Models

The problem of image aesthetic quality assessment is surprisingly difficult to define precisely. Most early work attempted to estimate the average aesthetic rating of a group of observers, while some recent work has shifted to an approach based on few-shot personalization. In this paper, we connect few-shot personalization, via Immanuel Kant's concept of disinterested judgment, to an argument from feminist aesthetics about the biased tendencies of objective standards for subjective pleasures. To empirically investigate this philosophical debate, we introduce PR-AADB, a relabeling of the existing AADB dataset with labels for pairs of images, and measure how well the existing groundtruth predicts our new pairwise labels. We find, consistent with the feminist critique, that both the existing groundtruth and few-shot personalized predictions represent some users' preferences significantly better than others, but that it is difficult to predict when and for whom the existing groundtruth will be correct. We thus advise against using benchmark datasets to evaluate models for personalized IAQA, and recommend caution when attempting to account for subjective difference using machine learning more generally.
Enforcing Coherent Evolution in Dissipative Quantum Dynamics

The major obstacle to the preparation and manipulation of many-particle entangled states is decoherence due to the coupling of the system to the environment. A scheme to correct for the effects of decoherence and enforce coherent evolution in the system dynamics is described and illustrated for the particular case of the ion-trap quantum computer.
The internationalisation of EME currency trading 1

The participation of non-residents in foreign exchange (FX) markets for emerging market economy (EME) currencies has increased to the point where these markets are almost as internationalised as those for advanced economy (AE) currencies. Nevertheless, the overall volume of trading in many EME currencies relative to economic activity remains much less than that in AE currencies. This reflects EMEs’ smaller domestic investor base and lower degree of international financial integration.
YourThings: A Comprehensive Annotated Dataset of Network Traffic from Deployed Home-based IoT Devices

We describe a novel and public dataset for evaluating the security and privacy of home-based IoT devices known as YourThings 1 . The dataset is the result of thousands of research hours to build a large testbed with diverse home-based IoT devices. Since publishing the manuscript and dataset in the proceedings of the IEEE Security & Privacy 2019 (Oakland), our work has been cited over 300 times, used in over 20 research projects, incorporated by consumer technology advocacy groups (Wirecutter), and influenced standards at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Beyond academic works, our dataset has been used by practitioners in industry, including McAfee, Hamilton Beach
Reconstruction of the Image of Ionospheric Electron Density Profile Using Computerized Tomography-A Preliminary Result

Recent development of the technique of computerized tomography has provided a new tool to produce two dimensional (i.e., in a vertical slice) images of electron density structure in the ionosphere by utilizing the data of total electron content (TEC) obtained by trans-ionospheric satellite beacon measurements. In this paper, a preliminary result of our simulation study on the application of three kinds of reconstruction algorithm, (1) the multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (MART) as a typical iterative method, (2) a method on the principle of maximum likelihood estimation (MML), and (3) the spline function method (SFM), both as non-iterative method, is briefly described from the viewpoint of comparison with respect to characteristics, merits and disadvantages among the three. It should be noted that (1) MART will be a more reliable method if we can remove its shortcoming, i.e., lack of objectivity in the determination of the end of iteration, and (2) both MML and SFM will become useful, provided that we can solve, what is called, the problem of ill-conditioned matrix in the case of MML, and confirm the effectiveness of any information criterion that prescribes the optimum number of knots and the order of B-spline in the case of SFM.
Dynamics in Deep Classifiers Trained with the Square Loss: Normalization, Low Rank, Neural Collapse, and Generalization Bounds

We overview several properties—old and new—of training overparameterized deep networks under the square loss. We first consider a model of the dynamics of gradient flow under the square loss in deep homogeneous rectified linear unit networks. We study the convergence to a solution with the absolute minimum ρ, which is the product of the Frobenius norms of each layer weight matrix, when normalization by Lagrange multipliers is used together with weight decay under different forms of gradient descent. A main property of the minimizers that bound their expected error for a specific network architecture is ρ. In particular, we derive novel norm-based bounds for convolutional layers that are orders of magnitude better than classical bounds for dense networks. Next, we prove that quasi-interpolating solutions obtained by stochastic gradient descent in the presence of weight decay have a bias toward low-rank weight matrices, which should improve generalization. The same analysis predicts the existence of an inherent stochastic gradient descent noise for deep networks. In both cases, we verify our predictions experimentally. We then predict neural collapse and its properties without any specific assumption—unlike other published proofs. Our analysis supports the idea that the advantage of deep networks relative to other classifiers is greater for problems that are appropriate for sparse deep architectures such as convolutional neural networks. The reason is that compositionally sparse target functions can be approximated well by “sparse” deep networks without incurring in the curse of dimensionality.