Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Milking Frequency of Dairy Goats on Milk ||| Yield and Composition and on System Profitability

Intensive and semi-intensive dairy farms invest in automatic milking systems motivated by increased milk production per goat. Milking frequency is an important factor determining milk yield and quality of dairy goats that requires adequate feeding, welfare, health and environmental conditions [1]. The potential advantage of increased milking frequency for milk production and composition used to be main reason for applying this kind of management; nowadays, however, the production model that takes priority is one known as “low cost, high return”[1]. Since more frequent milking requires more variable costs, knowledge about the real increment of production per goat under a double milking system is necessary to decide if this practice will be adequate for each dairy system. For the twice daily milking frequency, increases in milk production of 6-18% were reported for native Spanish goat breeds like Majorera, Murciano Granadina or Tarirfeña [2-4]. In Swiss breeds like Saanen and Alpine variable increments from 17 to 36% were documented [2,5,6]. The reported wide variation in milk yield may be attributed to different factors, such as breed, lactation stage, production level, and intervals between twice milking. During intervals between milking, milk is stored in the lumen of alveoli, milk ducts, and udder cisterns. There are studies about the effect of twice (2X) vs. once (1X) milking a day on chemical composition of different milk fractions [4,7,8]; however, changes in the composition of the whole milk have been poorly studied. Torres et al. [8] indicated that fat content was the only milk component that presented variation with different milking frequency (3.86 once and vs. 4.38% twice daily). Nevertheless, total solids percentage was not modified. Salama et al. [4] also reported changes in fat content, with the lowest percentage being obtained with twice daily milking (5.10 vs. 4.62%). As a consequence, they concluded that animals subjected to this milking frequency presented a lower percentage of total solids.
Health and Economic Burdens of Physical Inactivity : Implication for Healthy Lifestyle Promotion

Physical inactivity is increasingly becoming a global health challenge with lots of implications for individual, family and community health. This paper focused on the Health and Economic Burdens of Physical inactivity and its Implication for Healthy Lifestyle Promotion. The topic was discussed under 4 major headings namely concept description, health and economic burdens of inactivity, and implication for healthy lifestyle promotion. Regarding concept description inactivity was conceived as a state of not moving the body enough to meet the guideline of World Health Organization (WHO) for physical activity. Physical activity on the hand was defined as any movement of the body that causes the muscles to work and demand more energy than that is needed for rest. The major health burdens of physical inactivity as identified in the paper were, increased risk for death, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), bone diseases, cancer and obesity. The paper observed that the economic burden of inactivity arises from the high financial expenditure usually incurred in treating diseases associated with inactivity. It was also revealed that most non-communicable diseases (NCDs) associated with inactivity often results in hospitalization and incapacitation and thus promotes lack of productivity; lose of income and financial dependency. Sequel to the sever burdens of inactivity; the paper identified physical activity as an important lifestyle which is needed to reduce the burdens of inactivity in the world. Places where physical activity could be promoted as discussed in the paper were schools, homes, workplace and community. Physical education, media campaigns, provision of enabling environment and government policies were some of the strategies that were identified as needed for effective promotion of physical activity among the general population. It was therefore recommended among others that health educators should focus on awareness programmes for the promotion of physical activity
Secure and Reliable Key Agreement with Physical Unclonable Functions †

Different transforms used in binding a secret key to correlated physical-identifier outputs are compared. Decorrelation efficiency is the metric used to determine transforms that give highly-uncorrelated outputs. Scalar quantizers are applied to transform outputs to extract uniformly distributed bit sequences to which secret keys are bound. A set of transforms that perform well in terms of the decorrelation efficiency is applied to ring oscillator (RO) outputs to improve the uniqueness and reliability of extracted bit sequences, to reduce the hardware area and information leakage about the key and RO outputs, and to maximize the secret-key length. Low-complexity error-correction codes are proposed to illustrate two complete key-binding systems with perfect secrecy, and better secret-key and privacy-leakage rates than existing methods. A reference hardware implementation is also provided to demonstrate that the transform-coding approach occupies a small hardware area.
Rehabilitation bei Amyotropher Lateralsklerose

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG In der stationären neurologischen Rehabilitation in Deutschland werden vorwiegend akute neurologische Erkrankungen, aber nur selten schwere, fortschreitende neuromuskuläre Erkrankungen wie die Amyotrophe Lateralsklerose behandelt. Mittlerweile liegt jedoch in Bezug auf die Amyotrophe Lateralsklerose eine umfangreiche Evidenz für den positiven Nutzen in der Rehabilitation angewandter Methoden und den Einsatz von in der Rehabilitation tätigen Fachbereichen vor: Physiotherapie, Übungsbehandlung, Atmungstherapie, Logopädie, Ernährungstherapie, Ergotherapie, der Einsatz von Hilfsmitteln, assistive Technologien, Elektrorollstühlen und Unterstützter Kommunikation sowie multidisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit und Palliative Care können das Leben der Patienten verlängern, Teilhabe und Lebensqualität verbessern und ein würdevolles Sterben ermöglichen. Essenziell sind die Integration der Angehörigen und beatmungsmedizinischer Expertise in die Behandlung. Ambulante und stationäre neurologische sollten daher fester Bestandteil der Behandlung der Amyotrophen Lateralsklerose sein.
Labor market policies and job search

2 A sizable share of unemployment can be attributed to frictions in the labor market. The simultaneous existence of vacancies and job seekers proves that job search requires effort and time. To improve the efficiency of this process, many countries offer active labor market policies. Evaluating how these programs affect job prospects of job seekers is crucial for effective policy making and forms the basis of this thesis.
ERβ isoform expression in colorectal carcinoma: an in vivo and in vitro study of clinicopathological and molecular correlates

Colorectal carcinoma shows several sex‐related differences with regard to incidence, response to chemotherapy and microsatellite instability. These differences may relate to differential expression of ERβ1 (wild‐type) as well as the truncated ERβ2 and ERβ5 splice variant isoforms, which have recently been detected in normal and malignant colorectal epithelium. This hypothesis was tested through the study of ERβ isoform protein and/or mRNA expression amongst 91 primary colorectal carcinoma cases and 20 colorectal carcinoma cell lines. Study of the latter showed an absolute correlation between mRNA and protein expressions for ERβ1 and ERβ2. ERβ1 and ERβ2 protein expression was lost in 22% and 49%, respectively, of the primary colorectal carcinomas. By contrast, ERβ5 expression was found in all primary colorectal carcinomas and all colorectal carcinoma cell lines studied. Lower ERβ1 protein expression was associated with poorer differentiation, higher pT stage and absence of microsatellite instability. Higher ERβ2 protein expression was associated with right‐sided location and presence of lymph node metastases. Protein expression of ERβ1 correlated positively with expression of the oestrogen‐responsive protein trefoil factor 1 (TFF1). There was no correlation between ERβ protein isoform expression and response to 5‐fluorouracil therapy, tumour proliferation, or thymidylate synthase expression. These data suggest that ERβ1 and/or ERβ2 isoform expression may have prognostic value and may explain sex‐related differences in microsatellite instability and colorectal carcinoma. The opposing associations shown by ERβ1 and/or ERβ2 in relation to colorectal carcinoma are in keeping with differential activities shown by the two isoforms. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diversity of the Oral Microbiome and Dental Health and Disease

The oral microbiome is extremely diverse, and consists of potentially over 1000 different microorganisms, including viruses, protozoa, fungi, archaea, and bacteria. In conditions of oral health, biofilms are in a state of microbial homeostasis, with the vast majority of the microbiota being commensal or mutualistic in nature. In conditions of oral disease, the composition, quantity, and stability of the oral microbiota become disrupted. Factors that influence microbial composition include genetics, host defenses, microbial interactions, receptors used for attachment, acidogenicity, and salivary flow. The interplay of these factors determines the balance between oral health and disease, and when microbial homeostasis becomes disrupted, oral diseases including dental caries, endodontic disease, and periodontal disease may occur. As the aims of this review article, we will discuss the microorganisms that have been identified as the key players in dental caries, endodontic disease and periodontal disease, and propose as a hypothesis that microbial homeostasis and imbalance will have an impact on oral health and disease. Identifying the factors that influence oral health and disease may help develop preventive and therapeutic strategies for dental care provided by oral health practitioners.
Quantitative review of local descriptors for visual search

Local Visual detectors and descriptors have been studied for many years, but their applications, for example on visual search, for large volume, low cost, embedded systems have been limited or negligible to date. One reason is the lack of an industry standard applicable at worldwide level. MPEG Compact Descriptors for Visual Search (CDVS) working group is filling the gap by defining a highly performing extraction stage and the bitstream syntax at its output. As a contribution to such process, this work reviews existing methods for interest point detection and description. They are compared on several databases, exploiting the pairwise matching test environment devised by the MPEG CDVS standardization group.
Analysis of Panel Antenna Arrays in Los MIMO System

In this paper, we investigate the design of multiple panel arrays (MPAs) in line of sight (LoS) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. We utilize the spherical-wave model for the LoS channel component. The fundamental relations among key design parameters in MPAs LoS MIMO system are studied to obtain the maximum spatial multiplexing gain according to the effective degrees of freedom and channel capacity. We further analyze the performance of MPAs system when the array size and transmission distance are not matched and propose an algorithm to optimize the location of antennas. Numerical results indicate that the proposed algorithm can reduce the computational load compared with the exhaustive approach for the similar system performance. Moreover, the optimized panel antenna array is robust to the geometrical change, misplacement, and signal-to-noise-ratio.
A Classification Detection Algorithm Based on Joint Entropy Vector against Application-Layer DDoS Attack

The application-layer distributed denial of service (AL-DDoS) attack makes a great threat against cyberspace security. The attack detection is an important part of the security protection, which provides effective support for defense system through the rapid and accurate identification of attacks. According to the attacker’s different URL of the Web service, the AL-DDoS attack is divided into three categories, including a random URL attack and a fixed and a traverse one. In order to realize identification of attacks, a mapping matrix of the joint entropy vector is constructed. By defining and computing the value of EUPI and jEIPU, a visual coordinate discrimination diagram of entropy vector is proposed, which also realizes data dimension reduction from to two. In terms of boundary discrimination and the region where the entropy vectors fall in, the class of AL-DDoS attack can be distinguished. Through the study of training data set and classification, the results show that the novel algorithm can effectively distinguish the web server DDoS attack from normal burst traffic.
Deceptively bland cutaneous angiosarcoma on the nose mimicking hemangioma—A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis

We investigated 2 cases of deceptively bland cutaneous angiosarcoma (AS), which showed a uniform clinical presentation with a rapidly growing tumor on the nose. It remains unclear whether this was a primary cutaneous manifestation or a metastasis. Both tumors initially presented a high histologic overlap with a benign vascular tumor. The diagnosis was primarily based on the rapidly progressing clinical course and on the results of the staging procedures.
Can C-reactive protein As a Marker for Fasting Hyperinsulinemia in Subclinical Hypothyroidism

Objective: Subclinical hypothyroidism is a sub clinical entity with elevation of TSH and without elevation of T3 and T4. The purpose of this case – control study was to corelate C-reactive protein to Subclinical hypothyroidism with and without Fasting hyperinsulinemia. Method: This study was done at the Department of Medicine DR. PSIMS & RF, Chinaoutpally, A.P.India between Jan 2012 to Dec 2012. 100 patients (50 cases, 50 controls) above 18 years of age were included in the study. The TSH reference range was 0.4-4.5 μIU/ml and serum free thyroxine level between 5.13 – 14.06 g/dl. Results: C-reactive protein levels were found to be significantly higher in Subclinical hypothyroidism patients with Fasting hyperinsulinemia than Subclinical hypothyroidism alone. Conclusions: Patients with Subclinical hypothyroidism with high fasting insulin levels have higher serum CRP, total and LDLcholesterol levels than controls.
Coding-based hough transform for pedestrian detection

In this paper, we present a coding-based Hough transform framework for pedestrian detection in natural images. In traditional Hough transform methods for pedestrian detection, the voting element is represented by a linear combination of codebook entries with uniform probability, which often leads to uncertainty of the reconstruction error in the Hough voting process. To minimize the reconstruction error, we construct a new Hough transform framework to encode the voting element by using the locality-constrained linear coding (LLC) algorithm. Consistently, the voting element casts weighted votes into the Hough image according to its coding coefficients. We evaluated the proposed method on two publically available datasets, namely, the INRIA pedestrian, and TUD Brussels datasets. Experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The dynamics of cultivation and floods in arable lands of Central Argentina

Abstract. Although floods in watersheds have been associated with land-use change since ancient times, the dynamics of flooding is still incompletely understood. In this paper we explored the relations between rainfall, groundwater level, and cultivation to explain the dynamics of floods in the extremely flat and valuable arable lands of the Quinto river watershed, in central Argentina. The analysis involved an area of 12.4 million hectare during a 26-year period (1978–2003), which comprised two extensive flooding episodes in 1983–1988 and 1996–2003. Supported by information from surveys as well as field and remote sensing measurements, we explored the correlation among precipitation, groundwater levels, flooded area and land use. Flood extension was associated to the dynamics of groundwater level. While no correlation with rainfall was recorded in lowlands, a significant correlation (P 0.05) predominate in lowlands. Our analysis supports the existence of a cyclic mechanism driven by the reciprocal influence between cultivation and groundwater in highlands. This cycle would involve the following stages: (a) cultivation boosts the elevation of groundwater levels through decreased evapotranspiration; (b) as groundwater level rises, floods spread causing a decline of land cultivation; (c) flooding propitiates higher evapotranspiration favouring its own retraction; (d) cultivation expands again following the retreat of floods. Thus, cultivation would trigger a destabilizing feedback self affecting future cultivation in the highlands. It is unlikely that such sequence can work in lowlands. The results suggest that rather than responding directly and solely to the same mechanism, floods in lowlands may be the combined result of various factors like local rainfall, groundwater level fluctuations, surface and subsurface lateral flow, and water-body interlinking. Although the hypothetical mechanisms proposed here require additional understanding efforts, they suggest a promising avenue of environmental management in which cultivation could be steered in the region to smooth the undesirable impacts of floods.
Functional Long-Term Outcome after Left- versus Right-Sided Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background and Purpose: Hemispheric location might influence outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). INTERACT suggested higher short-term mortality in right hemispheric ICH, yet statistical imbalances were not addressed. This study aimed at determining the differences in long-term functional outcome in patients with right- vs. left-sided ICH with a priori-defined sub-analysis of lobar vs. deep bleedings. Methods: Data from a prospective hospital registry were analyzed including patients with ICH admitted between January 2006 and August 2014. Data were retrieved from institutional databases. Outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score. Outcome measures (long-term mortality and functional outcome at 12 months) were correlated with ICH location and hemisphere, and the imbalances of baseline characteristics were addressed by propensity score matching. Results: A total of 831 patients with supratentorial ICH (429 left and 402 right) were analyzed. Regarding clinical baseline characteristics in the unadjusted overall cohort, there were differences in disfavor of right-sided ICH (antiplatelets: 25.2% in left ICH vs. 34.3% in right ICH; p < 0.01; previous ischemic stroke: 14.7% in left ICH vs. 19.7% in right ICH; p = 0.057; and presence/extent of intraventricular hemorrhage: 45.0% in left ICH vs. 53.0% in right ICH; p = 0.021; Graeb-score: 0 [0-4] in left ICH vs. 1 [0-5] in right ICH; p = 0.017). While there were no differences in mortality and in the proportion of patients with favorable vs. unfavorable outcome (mRS 0-3: 142/375 [37.9%] in left ICH vs. 117/362 [32.3%] in right ICH; p = 0.115), patients with left-sided ICH showed excellent outcome more frequently (mRS 0-1: 64/375 [17.1%] in left ICH vs. 43/362 [11.9%] in right ICH; p = 0.046) in the unadjusted analysis. After adjusting for confounding variables, a well-balanced group of patients (n = 360/hemisphere) was compared showing no differences in long-term functional outcome (mRS 0-3: 36.4% in left ICH vs. 33.9% in right ICH; p = 0.51). Sub-analyses of patients with deep vs. lobar ICH revealed also no differences in outcome measures (mRS 0-3: 53/151 [35.1%] in left deep ICH vs. 53/165 [32.1%] in right deep ICH; p = 0.58). Conclusion: Previously described differences in clinical end points among patients with left- vs. right-hemispheric ICH may be driven by different baseline characteristics rather than by functional deficits emerging from different hemispheric functions affected. After statistical corrections for confounding variables, there was no impact of hemispheric location on functional outcome after ICH.
Stratospheric aerosol—Observations, processes, and impact on climate

Interest in stratospheric aerosol and its role in climate have increased over the last decade due to the observed increase in stratospheric aerosol since 2000 and the potential for changes in the sulfur cycle induced by climate change. This review provides an overview about the advances in stratospheric aerosol research since the last comprehensive assessment of stratospheric aerosol was published in 2006. A crucial development since 2006 is the substantial improvement in the agreement between in situ and space‐based inferences of stratospheric aerosol properties during volcanically quiescent periods. Furthermore, new measurement systems and techniques, both in situ and space based, have been developed for measuring physical aerosol properties with greater accuracy and for characterizing aerosol composition. However, these changes induce challenges to constructing a long‐term stratospheric aerosol climatology. Currently, changes in stratospheric aerosol levels less than 20% cannot be confidently quantified. The volcanic signals tend to mask any nonvolcanically driven change, making them difficult to understand. While the role of carbonyl sulfide as a substantial and relatively constant source of stratospheric sulfur has been confirmed by new observations and model simulations, large uncertainties remain with respect to the contribution from anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions. New evidence has been provided that stratospheric aerosol can also contain small amounts of nonsulfate matter such as black carbon and organics. Chemistry‐climate models have substantially increased in quantity and sophistication. In many models the implementation of stratospheric aerosol processes is coupled to radiation and/or stratospheric chemistry modules to account for relevant feedback processes.
Diabetes mellitus and latent tuberculosis infection: baseline analysis of a large UK cohort

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a UK cohort study which enrolled participants at risk of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI, defined as a positive result for either of the two interferon gamma release assays). Binomial regression with a log link was used to estimate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs for the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and LTBI. Adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index and the presence of other immunocompromising conditions, DM was associated with a 15% higher prevalence of LTBI (adjusted PR=1.15, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.30, p=0.025). Trial registration number PREDICT is registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01162265)