Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stress drops of repeating earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault at Parkfield

I calculate well‐resolved corner frequencies and stress drops for 25 earthquakes (1989–2006) in the three repeating sequences targeted by the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth, using borehole data and multiple, highly correlated empirical Green's functions (EGFs). The earthquakes in the largest magnitude (M ~ 2.1) cluster exhibit source spectra well‐fit by a circular source model. The corner frequencies correlate with those from the regional study by Allmann and Shearer ( ), suggesting that the interevent variability is resolvable. The earthquakes have stress drops between 25 and 65 MPa, with a gradual increase before the 2004 M6 earthquake, followed by an immediate decrease, then a rapid return to previous levels. The spectra of the cluster of M ~ 1.9 earthquakes include high‐frequency energy not fit by simple source models and so stress drops are unreliable, and probably underestimated (1–20 MPa). There is no correlation with previous studies, and interevent variation is not resolvable. The earthquakes in the smallest magnitude cluster (M ~ 1.8) have the highest corner frequencies, but similar stress drops (4–120 MPa). The stress drops exhibit the same temporal variation as the first cluster, but there is poor correlation with Allmann and Shearer ( ), probably because their frequency bandwidth is too limited.
Partial Prion Cross-Seeding between Fungal and Mammalian Amyloid Signaling Motifs

Amyloids are β-sheet-rich protein polymers that can be pathological or display a variety of biological roles. In filamentous fungi, specific immune receptors activate programmed cell death execution proteins through a process of amyloid templating akin to prion propagation. ABSTRACT In filamentous fungi, NLR-based signalosomes activate downstream membrane-targeting cell death-inducing proteins by a mechanism of amyloid templating. In the species Podospora anserina, two such signalosomes, NWD2/HET-S and FNT1/HELLF, have been described. An analogous system involving a distinct amyloid signaling motif, termed PP, was also identified in the genome of the species Chaetomium globosum and studied using heterologous expression in Podospora anserina. The PP motif bears resemblance to the RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM) and to RHIM-like motifs controlling necroptosis in mammals and innate immunity in flies. We identify here a third NLR signalosome in Podospora anserina comprising a PP motif and organized as a two-gene cluster encoding an NLR and an HELL domain cell death execution protein termed HELLP. We show that the PP motif region of HELLP forms a prion we term [π] and that [π] prions trigger the cell death-inducing activity of full-length HELLP. We detect no prion cross-seeding between HET-S, HELLF, and HELLP amyloid motifs. In addition, we find that, like PP motifs, RHIMs from human RIP1 and RIP3 kinases are able to form prions in Podospora and that [π] and [Rhim] prions partially cross-seed. Our study shows that Podospora anserina displays three independent cell death-inducing amyloid signalosomes. Based on the described functional similarity between RHIM and PP, it appears likely that these amyloid motifs constitute evolutionarily related cell death signaling modules. IMPORTANCE Amyloids are β-sheet-rich protein polymers that can be pathological or display a variety of biological roles. In filamentous fungi, specific immune receptors activate programmed cell death execution proteins through a process of amyloid templating akin to prion propagation. Among these fungal amyloid signaling sequences, the PP motif stands out because it shows similarity to the RHIM, an amyloid sequence controlling necroptotic cell death in mammals. We characterized an amyloid signaling system comprising a PP motif in the model species Podospora anserina, thus bringing to three the number of independent amyloid signaling cell death pathways described in that species. We then showed that human RHIMs not only propagate as prions in P. anserina but also partially cross-seed with fungal PP prions. These results indicate that, in addition to showing sequence similarity, the PP and RHIM motifs are at least partially functionally related, supporting a model of long-term evolutionary conservation of amyloid signaling mechanisms from fungi to mammals.
New carnivoraforms from the early Eocene of Europe and their bearing on the evolution of the Carnivoraformes

Two new mammalian carnivoraform species, Uintacyon hookeri sp. nov. and Quercygale smithi sp. nov., are described from the early Eocene of Europe. U. hookeri sp. nov. is recorded in Mutigny (MP8 + 9, PE IV), Avenay (MP8 + 9, PE V), Brasles, Condé‐en‐Brie (MP8 + 9) and Cuis (MP 10), while Q. smithi sp. nov. comes from Mutigny and Mancy (MP10). Because the two species are not recorded in earliest Eocene localities such as Dormaal and Le Quesnoy (MP7, PE I), it is proposed that they dispersed after the main phase of the Mammal Dispersal Event. U. hookeri sp. nov. supports the existence of terrestrial connections with North America, while Q. smithi sp. nov. implies possible faunal exchange with Asia. This evidence for the evolution of the Carnivoraformes supports: (1) a rapid decrease in their diversity after the Mammal Dispersal Event; and (2) the existence of a mammal turnover event in Europe during the early Eocene. The discovery of a new species of Quercygale, which is generally considered as the closest carnivoraform to the crown‐group Carnivora, shows that the genus had already lost the M3 by the early Eocene and supports an important, but very poorly known, radiation of the carnivoraforms at least during the earliest early Eocene.
Flow Resistance in Gravel-Bed Rivers

The resistance to uniform flow in straight gravel-bed rivers is basically dependent on the flow geometry, the cross-sectional variation in roughness heights, and the roughness height of the graded gravel bed sediment. The effect of these factors on the resistance to flow is evaluated and a general approach for the estimation of the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor is presented. Independent field data indicates that the method can be successfully applied to predict the resistance to uniform flow in gravel-bed rivers.
Application of Temperature and Electrical‐Conductivity Logging in Ground Water Monitoring

Down-hole temperature and electrical-conductivity probes are attractive logging devices for use in monitoring wells, because they are readily available, relatively inexpensive, and allow for rapid measurements. Benefits of such logging are illustrated by examples from several small sites in complex hydrogeologic settings. Interpretation of the logs provided information on the effectiveness of well purging, aquifer heterogeneities and the rates of ground water movement, leaks and cross-flows within wells, and locations of transmissive fractures in bedrock wells. Thus the logs offered an inexpensive means of acquiring valuable field information to supplement the geologic, potentiometric and chemical data collected during construction or subsequent investigation of the wells.
EMERALD MINERALIZATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE MAVIS LAKE PEGMATITE GROUP, NEAR DRYDEN, ONTARIO

The Taylor 2 (also known as Ghost Lake) emerald showing near Dryden, in northwestern Ontario, is associated with a granitic pegmatite of the Mavis Lake Pegmatite Group proximal to the 2685 Ma Ghost Lake Batholith. The Taylor 2 pegmatite consists of three separate limbs that intruded a wide zone of chlorite schist near the eastern end of an altered ultramafic sill. Most of the beryl and emerald occurs in a “zone of mixing” between the southern and central limbs of the pegmatite. The rock in the “zone of mixing” consists of relict orange K-feldspar crystals (to 30 cm) in a matrix of anhedral bluish plagioclase, quartz, fine-grained black phlogopite, blue apatite crystals (to 1 cm), and black tourmaline crystals (to 2 cm). The beryl occurs as euhedral crystals up to 2.3 × 1.8 cm; most are opaque to translucent and white to pale green in color, but about 10% are emerald. The emerald compositions show average Cr concentrations of 0.25 wt. % Cr2O3 (maximum 0.42 wt.% Cr2O3 or 0.03 Cr apfu ) and maximum V concentrations of 0.05 wt. % V2O3. Primary fluid inclusions in the emerald crystals show variable compositions and high temperatures of homogenization (to 490°C). Oxygen isotope compositions of the emerald crystals, which average 9.6(7)‰, suggest a high degree of homogenization and fluid buffering during fluid–rock interaction. Whole-rock compositions show high concentrations of Be (89 ppm) in the the Taylor 2 pegmatite and elevated Cr in the chlorite schist (2610 ppm) and the altered ultramafic sill (3050 ppm). Geochemical similarities support the hypothesis that the chlorite schist is the faulted analogue of the altered ultramafic sill. The absence of beryl in the latter unit may be due to lower amounts of fluid or F concentrations (~150 ppm versus ~1300 ppm for the chlorite schist). The emerald in the Taylor 2 showing and the associated phlogopite most likely formed through metasomatism of the chlorite schist, which was driven by granitic magmatism.
Feminism Is for Everybody : Passionate Politics

Preface to the New Edition Introduction: Come Closer to Feminism 1. Feminist Politics: Where We Stand 2. Consciousness-Raising: A Constant Change of Heart 3. Sisterhood Is Still Powerful 4. Feminist Education for Critical Consciousness 5. Our Bodies, Ourselves: Reproductive Rights 6. Beauty Within and Without 7. Feminist Class Struggle 8. Global Feminism 9. Women at Work 10. Race and Gender 11. Ending Violence 12. Feminist Masculinity 13. Feminist Parenting 14. Liberating Marriage and Partnership 15. A Feminist Sexual Politic: An Ethics of Mutual Freedom 16. Total Bliss: Lesbianism and Feminism 17. To Love Again: The Heart of Feminism 18. Feminist Spirtuality 19. Visionary Feminism
Ultra-high Hydrogen Storage Capacity of Holey Graphyne

Holey graphyne (HGY), a novel 2D single-crystalline carbon allotrope, was synthesized most recently by Castro-Stephens coupling reaction. The natural existing uniform periodic holes in the 2D carbon-carbon network demonstrate its tremendous potential application in the area of energy storage. Herein, we conducted density functional theory calculation to predict the hydrogen storage capacity of HGY sheet. It's found the Li-decorated single-layer HGY can serve as a promising candidate for hydrogen storage. Our numerical calculations demonstrate that Li atoms can bind strongly to the HGY sheet without the formation of Li clusters, and each Li atom can anchor four H2 molecules with the average adsorption energy about -0.22 eV/H2. The largest hydrogen storage capacity of the doped HGY sheet can arrive as high as 12.8 wt%, this value largely surpasses the target of the U. S. Department of Energy (9 wt%), showing the Li/HGY complex is an ideal hydrogen storage material at ambient conditions. In addition, we investigate the polarization mechanism of the storage media and and find that the polarization stemed from both the electric field induced by the ionic Li decorated on the HGY and the weak polarized hydrogen molecules dominated the H2 adsorption process.
Clinical Significance of Homologous Recombination Deficiency Score Testing in Endometrial Cancer

Objectives: Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) score is related to chemotherapy response in breast and ovarian cancers. The role of HRD is unknown in endometrial cancer. We examined the relationship between HRD score and survival in a cohort of endometrial cancer patients and with tumor growth using murine orthotopic models. Methods: TCGA was queried to determine frequency and clinical significance of alterations in the HR pathway in endometrial cancer. 137 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded endometrioid adenocarcinoma patient samples were tested for HRD score, microsatellite instability (MSI) and high mutation load (HML) using a next generation sequencing assay targeting the coding regions of 43 genes and 54,091 genome wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) developed by Myriad Genetics. The HRD score is the sum of three previously described scores (loss of heterozygosity, telomeric allelic imbalance, and large-scale state transition) that quantitate genome rearrangement. Clinical records were obtained. HRD scores were also generated on a panel of established endometrial cancer cell lines and their in vivo growth and
The Nexus Between Financial Development and Economic Growth in Laos

The relationship between financial development and economic growth is not conclusive in existing economics literature. The aim of this paper is to test two hypotheses: ‘supply-leading’ hypothesis and ‘demand-following’ hypothesis, using Laos time series data. The ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration is used to carry out this task. Our results confirm the presence of feedback effect between both variables. Financial development promotes economic growth and in resulting, economic growth leads financial development.
Use of COSMO-SkyMed imagery for recognition of geomorphological features in the Martel Inlet ice-free areas, King George Island, Antarctica

COSMO-SkyMed (Constellation of Small Satellites for Mediterranean Basin Observation) images in spotlight mode (1 m spatial resolution) were used for recognition of geomorphological features in Martel Inlet ice-free areas, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. This article shows the results from texture analysis and filtering of four X-band images with HH and VV polarization, acquired during fieldworks carried out in January and February 2011. Based on field checking and visual interpretation techniques, we identified several glacial landforms such as moraines, flutes, outwash, arêtes, glacial lineations, meltwater channels, lakes, lagoons, and shorelines. Some glacial linear features, such as lateral moraines, flutings, and arêtes are better identified with VV polarization, while supraglacial debris, debris flow, and shorelines are better discriminated with HH polarization. Meltwater channels, lakes, and lagoons were easily distinguished under both co-polarizations. Focal variance texture analysis and specific kernel size convolution filters yielded the best enhanced images for landform visual interpretation. For this propose, the Wallis adaptative, morphological Close, Prewitt with northwesterly and southeasterly directions, and some high-pass filters described in this study are the best filters. Images processed with these filters can be used for studies of geomorphic changes in Antarctica.
Impact on modeled cloud characteristics due to simplified treatment of uniform cloud condensation nuclei during NEAQS 2004

Subgrid‐scale cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) heterogeneity is not represented in global climate models (GCM) and potentially contributes systematic errors to simulated cloud effects. High‐resolution WRF‐Chem model simulations were performed to investigate the impact of assuming a uniform CCN distribution on cloud properties and surface radiation over a region the size of a GCM grid column. Results indicate that a prescribed CCN distribution allowing for vertical and temporal fluctuations does substantially better in simulating cloud properties and radiative effects than does a prescribed uniform and constant CCN distribution. Spatially and temporally averaged net effects on downwelling shortwave radiation are between −3 and −11 W m−2 for the fluctuating and uniform distributions, respectively, versus a control simulation with fully interactive aerosols. Both prescribed CCN distributions produce optically thicker clouds more often than the control, with the mean cloud optical depth increasing by over 25% when using the uniform and constant CCN distribution.
3D Mapping Reveals a Complex and Transient Interstitial Matrix During Murine Kidney Development

Visual Abstract Significance Statement ESKD is increasing in incidence and a limited number of organs are available for transplantation. Therefore, researchers have focused on understanding how cellular signaling influences kidney development to expand strategies to rebuild a kidney. However, the extracellular matrix (ECM), another critical component that biomechanically regulates nephrogenesis, has been largely neglected. Proteomics and 3D imaging of the murine kidney resolved previously undescribed dynamics of the interstitial matrix in the cortex and corticomedullary junction during development. Combined with cells and growth factors, scaffolds modeled after the composition and organization of the developmental ECM have the potential to improve engineered models of the kidney. Background The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a network of proteins and glycosaminoglycans that provides structural and biochemical cues to cells. In the kidney, the ECM is critical for nephrogenesis; however, the dynamics of ECM composition and how it relates to 3D structure during development is unknown. Methods Using embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5), E18.5, postnatal day 3 (P3), and adult kidneys, we fractionated proteins based on differential solubilities, performed liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and identified changes in ECM protein content (matrisome). Decellularized kidneys were stained for ECM proteins and imaged in 3D using confocal microscopy. Results We observed an increase in interstitial ECM that connects the stromal mesenchyme to the basement membrane (TNXB, COL6A1, COL6A2, COL6A3) between the embryo and adult, and a transient elevation of interstitial matrix proteins (COL5A2, COL12A1, COL26A1, ELN, EMID1, FBN1, LTBP4, THSD4) at perinatal time points. Basement membrane proteins critical for metanephric induction (FRAS1, FREM2) were highest in abundance in the embryo, whereas proteins necessary for integrity of the glomerular basement membrane (COL4A3, COL4A4, COL4A5, LAMB2) were more abundant in the adult. 3D visualization revealed a complex interstitial matrix that dramatically changed over development, including the perinatal formation of fibrillar structures that appear to support the medullary rays. Conclusion By correlating 3D ECM spatiotemporal organization with global protein abundance, we revealed novel changes in the interstitial matrix during kidney development. This new information regarding the ECM in developing kidneys offers the potential to inform the design of regenerative scaffolds that can guide nephrogenesis in vitro.
Evaluating Bias‐Corrected AMSR‐E Soil Moisture using in situ Observations and Model Estimates

Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer‐Earth Observing System (AMSR‐E) soil moisture data products are proven to be useful across various regions around the world. However, numerous studies have suggested that validation and bias‐correction at the local scale is important to use them with confidence for numerical weather prediction, land surface energy, and water balance assessment, including infiltration and drainage. Here we investigate the cumulative distribution function (CDF) to correct AMSR‐E surface soil moisture data using field observations of soil moisture for 37 sites from Nebraska's Automated Weather Data Network (AWDN) and model‐simulated soil moisture from southwestern Idaho. We explore the scaling of AMSR‐E data using simulated soil moisture from three hydrological models, Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC), Noah Land Surface Model (Noah LSM) and Robinson Hubbard 1‐D (RH1D) models. We hypothesize that these calibrated hydrological models can substitute for field observations to represent continuous surface of soil moisture fields over space and time when used in conjunction with daily AMSR‐E data. Our results suggest that it is necessary to have the AMSR‐E data bias‐corrected based on either field observations or model estimates. The magnitude of values for corrected AMSR‐E soil moisture and observed soil moisture showed better correlation for the growing seasons between 2003 and 2005. It is also shown that well‐calibrated hydrological models can be useful to provide correction for the AMSR‐E product thereby adding value to the AMSR‐E soil moisture datasets.
Sea surface temperature variability in the tropical southeast Atlantic Ocean and West African rainfall

Evidence is presented of a connection between sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the tropical southeast Atlantic Ocean off Angola and boreal summer rainfall over coastal West Africa. The strongest relationships exist between April–May SST in the Angola‐Benguela Frontal Zone area, May–June latent heat fluxes in this area, and July–August rainfall over the region 5°W–5°E, 5°N–10°N. Anomalously wet summers in this region are also characterised by a weaker African Easterly Jet, a stronger Tropical Easterly Jet and, in many cases, reduced rainfall further north over the Southern Sahel.
The Design and Synthesis of Heterogeneous Catalyst Systems for Synthesis of Useful Organic Compounds

Banyak sistem katalitis heterogen telah dilaporkan dan kebanyakannya, mekanisme dari sistem katalis tersebut telah dipahami dengan baik. Dalam tulisan ini, kami berusaha menggolongkan sistem-sistem katalitis heterogen yang contoh-contohnya diambil dari penelitian-penelitian yang kami lakukan dalam bidang ini. Penelitian-penelitian tersebut digolongkan ke dalam lima kelas: katalis tunggal, sistem katalis hidrofilik-hidrofobik, katalis dwifungsi dan fotokatalis. Katalis-katalis tersebut telah didisain untuk mensintesis senyawa-senyawa organik yang bermanfaat. Kata kunci :
Paleomagnetism of the early Triassic Semeitau igneous series, eastern Kazakstan

[1] Paleomagnetic results obtained from the early Triassic Semeitau igneous series (SIS) yield a high-quality pole for eastern Kazakstan that is concordant with reference poles for Siberia and Europe, strongly supporting the hypothesis that Kazakstan was already joined with Eurasia at this time. Of the 25 sites that were measured, data were straightforward for 20 sites, 2 of which recorded normal polarity and 18 of which recorded reverse; 5 sites were discarded because of severe overprinting, unstable demagnetizations, or extremely scattered within-site directions. Combining sites judged to be the same cooling unit and taking the average of 15 cooling units of equal weight, we calculated a pole located at 56°N, 139°E (N = 15, K = 24.6, α95 = 7.9) for the SIS. We consider this pole to be reliable. The sampling of temporally spaced extrusives and more slowly cooled intrusives and the presence of both polarities strongly suggest that this pole averages secular variation. The 40Ar/39Ar determinations on sanidine crystals from two extrusive units yielded highly consistent ages of 248.2 ± 0.5 and 248.8 ± 0.5 Ma. Comparison of our pole for the SIS with the Siberian reference pole shows relative translation (−8° ± 10°) and rotation (1°±16°) that are indistinguishable from zero at 95% confidence. This result fails to confirm hypothesized post-Permian rotation of the Siberian craton relative to its margins and provides no evidence for left-lateral motion on the east-west shear zones in which the Semeitau is located. The similarity of ages between the SIS and the Siberian Traps supports speculation of a genetic relationship between the two.
Adapting to the Enforced Remote Work in the Covid 19 Pandemic

Remote work provides an alternative method of working for organisations, which in turn became a norm during the Covid-19 pandemic. In this, paper, we study adaptation practices introduced by both individuals and organisations as a way for managing the enforced remote work. The study draws upon 33 interviews collected over a year during different phases of the Covid 19 pandemic. We apply adaptation theory lenses to examine the adaptation process over time and new digital working practices. In our study, we extend technological practices by including organisational and behavioral practices. We approach adaptation as a way of coping with a radical change or dynamic situation and building resilience. Based on the data analysis, we expend the adaptation theory in relation to different forms of adaptation to new remote work practices (e.g. at technological, organisational, and behavioural level).