Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-modulation of a nonlinear ion wave packet

The modulational instability of the ion wave is observed experimentally. Two kinds of wave packets are launched in the plasma by means of a grid. One is a broad-band wave packet excited by a positive step voltage. The other is a quasi-monochromatic wave packet modulated by a pulse. For the step voltage response, we observe a large oscillation in the wave front which evolves to Korteveg–de Vries solitons and a small amplitude wave packet in the tail. The wave packet becomes modulationally unstable and divides into smaller wave packets. Whenever the wave packet is modulated, the spread of the packet is suppressed and is much smaller than is expected from linear dispersion. For the quasi-monochromatic wave packet, we also observe the modulational instability if the carrier frequency is high. The frequency of the carrier is shifted by the instability. The result of the quasi-monochromatic wave packet is qualitatively explained by the modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation taking account of the wave-particle interaction at the group velocity.
Ultra-miniaturised spatial frequency domain imaging for improved early detection of gastrointestinal cancers

The low five year-survival rates for gastrointestinal cancers evidences a strong clinical need to improve their early detection. Current imaging methods for early detection are expensive and rely on white light imaging which lacks sufficient contrast to spot a wide range of potential tumours. Changes in absorption and reduced scattering coefficients can be linked to pre-cancerous abnormalities, such as Barrett’s Oesophagus, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma, in the oesophagus. Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI) is a low-cost imaging technique from which quantitative maps of absorption and reduced scattering coefficients may be obtained using structured illumination. We have developed a clinically translatable, ultra-miniaturised SFDI system using optical fibers (0.125 mm diameter) to project structured illumination and a miniature camera (< 1 mm diameter) to capture the pattern response for a sample under test. The total package could therefore be made < 1.1mm diameter, representing, to the best of our knowledge, the smallest full SFDI probe achieved to date. We have demonstrated recovery of absorption and reduced scattering maps with our system for tissue mimicking co-polymer in oil phantoms of biologically relevant absorption and scattering properties. This technology represents a first step towards a less-invasive, cost-effective device which produces close to real-time absorption and reduced scattering maps for improved in vivo disease detection of the gastrointestinal tract.
Study on the Assessment Model of Demonstrable Scheme About a New Surface to Air Missile Equipment Type

The scheme assessment is a process of illation and decision-making.The factors system of demonstrable scheme assessment about a new surface to air missile weapon type is analyzed and valued by combining the tactical and technical requirement.A corresponding mathematical model by applying an improved permutation method of multi-attribute decision analysis is established,and the practical calculation shows the method is feasible.The available function based on average level is quoted to dispose the factors system before the scheme assessment is done by the permutation method.
Dynamic compression of hydrogen isotopes at megabar pressures

We review the results of shock compression of solid protium to the pressure 66 GPa, of liquid deuterium to 110 GPa, and of solid deuterium to 123 GPa in explosive devices of spherical geometry. The results are compared with data obtained by US scientists using traditional energy sources (explosives and light-gas guns), striker acceleration in a strong magnetic field (Z facility at Sandia), and powerful lasers (Nova at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Omega at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester). Results of density measurements of hydrogen isotopes under quasi-isentropic compression are analyzed. The absence of an anomalous increase in density under shock and quasi-isentropic compression of hydrogen isotopes is demonstrated. On the other hand, both processes exhibit a sharp change in the compression curve slopes, at the respective pressures 45 and 300 GPa.
Semi-Supervised Machine Learning for Livestock Threat Classification Using GPS Data

South African livestock farmers face major challenges in the form of livestock theft and predation. In response to these concerns, farmers started using a collar that monitors the acceleration of an animal and, when specific parameters are met, triggers an alarm which transmits GPS data to the user’s mobile application. Typically, a collar is placed on one animal per flock or herd. In this work, we aim to classify the GPS trajectories captured by these devices into four categories: theft, predation, own-handling and other. We lay particular emphasis on distinguishing theft alarms since these have direct implications for the safety and financial sustainability of farmers. To date, just over one million of these alarms have been recorded. Unfortunately, these trajectories are not labelled with the four categories. Therefore, we start by collecting labelled data sets that can be used for training classification models. We then investigate supervised and semi-supervised approaches for classifying the trajectories. Our semi-supervised approach shows the best results with performance comparable to human performance. The approach consists of three parts. First, an autoencoder and classifier are jointly trained to produce fixed-dimensional embeddings from GPS trajectories. Second, these embeddings are clustered to produce cluster labels. And lastly, the cluster labels are added to human-engineered features and used to train a final classifier. Our semi-supervised approach achieves an overall classification accuracy of 69%, with an $F_{1}$ score of 56% for theft events (4% lower than human performance) and an $F_{1}$ score of 90% for own-handling events (slightly outperforming a human). This model can be deployed to aid farmers in terms of safety and security by providing them with critical information in emergency situations.
A zero-inflated overdispersed hierarchical Poisson model

Count data are most commonly modeled using the Poisson model, or by one of its many extensions. Such extensions are needed for a variety of reasons: (1) a hierarchical structure in the data, e.g., due to clustering, the collection of repeated measurements of the outcome, etc.; (2) the occurrence of overdispersion (or underdispersion), meaning that the variability encountered in the data is not equal to the mean, as prescribed by the Poisson distribution; and (3) the occurrence of extra zeros beyond what a Poisson model allows. The first issue is often accommodated through the inclusion of random subject-specific effects. Though not always, one conventionally assumes such random effects to be normally distributed. Overdispersion is often dealt with through a model developed for this purpose, such as, for example, the negative-binomial model for count data. This can be conceived through a random Poisson parameter. Excess zeros are regularly accounted for using so-called zero-inflated models, which combine either a Poisson or negative-binomial model with an atom at zero. The novelty of this article is that it combines all these features. The work builds upon the modelling framework defined by Molenberghs et al. (2010) in which clustering and overdispersion are accommodated for through two separate sets of random effects in a generalized linear model.
Fitness testing at police academies: Optimal fitness for duty

Fitter police recruits are more likely to graduate, are less injury-prone, and fatigue less rapidly. Although most police academies implement fitness testing to ensure a minimum standard of job-specific fitness, academies may benefit from utilizing fitness tests that challenge recruits beyond the minimum fitness demand. The current study evaluated whether a fitness test called Professional Fit (ProfFit) of a police academy aligned with the academy’s purpose to challenge their recruits to become optimally fit. We evaluated whether the ProfFit measures an all-round range of fitness characteristics. Moreover, we evaluated whether the ProfFit measures higher fitness levels than the minimum fitness demand for duty. Police recruits (N = 103) were tested on the ProfFit, six extra fitness tests known to measure one (isolated) aspect of fitness, and a standard practice job-specific fitness test. Results showed that the ProfFit measures an all-round range of fitness characteristics: anaerobic power, strength lower extremities, strength upper extremities, isometric strength, and muscular endurance of the trunk muscles. The results also showed that recruits indicated a higher rating of perceived exertion during the ProfFit than during the job-specific fitness test, indicating that they experienced the ProfFit as more demanding than the minimum fitness demand for duty. It was concluded that the ProfFit facilitates to challenge police recruits physically, as was the aim of the police academy. These findings provide empirical support for fitness tests that aim to improve police recruits’ fitness levels to be not just fit for duty, but rather optimally fit for duty.
About global asymptotic stability of dynamic systems with time lags and uncertainties within polytopes

Purpose – This purpose of this paper is to discuss a linear fractional representation (LFR) of parameter‐dependent systems which are linear in the parameters but uncertain, being eventually time‐varying real‐rational nonlinear parameterizations, and dynamics with constant point delays.Design/methodology/approach – The formulation is made in terms of Lyapunov's second method whereby the Lyapunov function candidate is confirmed to be a Lyapunov function by testing a finite number of linear‐matrix inequalities when the uncertain parameter vector, which might be time‐varying, lies within a known polytope which characterizes the uncertainties. The tests are performed only on the set of vertices associated with polytopes.Findings – Sufficient conditions for global asymptotic stability are obtained. Conditions constraining the system to be slowly time‐varying around a stable nominal parameterization are not imposed in order to guarantee the stability.Research limitations/implications – The formulation is applied.
Research on Image Fusion Algorithms Based on Wavelet Transform

An image fusion algorithm based on wavelet multi-scale decomposition was proposed.An efficient method on how to decide the optimal decomposition level based on wavelet transformation was summarized.The capability influence to the decomposition level,and region size was analyzed through an emulator.A comparison of the proposed method with the old pyramid method shows that the proposed selection method is quite feasible.
Solution for first-order design of a two-conjugate zoom system

The first-order solution is analyzed with particularly initial con- ditions for a two-conjugate zoom system that consists of three lenses. We find the solution ranges of system parameters with the conditions in which the object/image and pupil magnifications of the middle lens are taken to be 1 and 2 1o r 21 and 1, and the system magnification is 1 or 21 at the mean position of zooming. Several examples are given to demonstrate this analysis. © 1997 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engi- neers. (S0091-3286(97)03608-8)
Enigmatic Surface Ruptures at Cape Rytyi and Surroundings, Baikal Rift, Siberia: Seismic Hazard Implication

The geomorphic expression of active faulting and distinction of paleoseismic events in areas that are rapidly obscured by erosion/sedimentation still remains a considerable scientific problem. The present article discusses the revealing of surface faulting ruptures and their parameters to identify capable faults without trenching and to estimate the magnitude of earthquakes. The case study was at Cape Rytyi, located in Baikal-Lena Nature Reserve on the northwestern shore of Lake Baikal. Based on unmanned aerial photography, GPR, and structural observations, we mapped and investigated the relation between geomorphological forms and ruptures. The obtained results show that past landslides and paleoruptures at Cape Rytyi and its surroundings are associated with at least two earthquakes. The Mw of the earlier event was 7.3 (Ms = 7.4); the Mw of the later one was 7.1 (Ms = 7.3). The paleoruptures in the distal part of the delta of the Rita River and on the southeastern slope of the Baikal Ridge were included in the seismogenic rupture zone, which traces some 37 km along the Kocherikovsky fault. The approximate intervals in which earthquakes occurred are 12–5 ka and 4–0.3 ka, respectively. The applied analysis methods can be useful for paleoseismology and assessing seismic hazards in similar regions elsewhere.
From the Thyroid to the Heart

The pathogenesis of human disease is commonly considered to be unique to each organ or system. This has led to specialization in medical practice leaving little space for global pathogenesis concepts. In this review we have departed from a biochemical concept of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency and its relation to the initiation of hypoxia response in a systemic way. Several conditions of secondary CoQ10 deficiency are known in the literature by which the organs involved could be affected by hypoxia and switch to glycolytic metabolism. The most salient biomarkers of this situation are the low T3 syndrome and the elevation of IL-6. These parameters together with CoQ10 deficiency delineate a condition of acquired mitochondrial dysfunction. Additional related biochemical deficiency conditions affect magnesium, selenium, and iron levels. Visualization of glycolysis can be clearly achieved by diagnostic imaging methods based on the use of 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose (18F-FDG). We present several examples of diagnostic imaging with 18F-FDG to demonstrate our model of acquired mitochondrial dysfunction and disease.
Hybrid radiation of electron bunch in plasma in the presence of beat waves

An expression for the spectral distribution of the hybrid radiation intensity is derived. It is shown that the transition radiation caused by the inhomogeneity of plasma and the undulator radiation due to the longitudinal oscillation of electron bunch are prevailing in soft and hard photon regions, respectively. The resonance dependence between the radiation frequency and its angle is the same along the whole spectrum. The peak in the hard photon region is formed as a result of the undulator radiation. The energy losses can be of the same order as the bunch energy but do not depend on the bunch energy. The characteristic features of the hybrid radiation are clarified.
Support Vector Machine-Based Global Classification Model of the Toxicity of Organic Compounds to Vibrio fischeri

Vibrio fischeri is widely used as the model species in toxicity and risk assessment. For the first time, a global classification model was proposed in this paper for a two-class problem (Class − 1 with log1/IBC50 ≤ 4.2 and Class + 1 with log1/IBC50 > 4.2, the unit of IBC50: mol/L) by utilizing a large data set of 601 toxicity log1/IBC50 of organic compounds to Vibrio fischeri. Dragon software was used to calculate 4885 molecular descriptors for each compound. Stepwise multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis was used to select the descriptor subset for the models. The ten molecular descriptors used in the classification model reflect the structural information on the Michael-type addition of nucleophiles, molecular branching, molecular size, polarizability, hydrophobic, and so on. Furthermore, these descriptors were interpreted from the point of view of toxicity mechanisms. The optimal support vector machine (SVM) model (C = 253.8 and γ = 0.009) was obtained with the genetic algorithm. The SVM classification model produced a prediction accuracy of 89.1% for the training set (451 log1/IBC50), of 80.0% for the test set (150 log1/IBC50), and of 86.9% for the total data set (601 log1/IBC50), which are higher than that (80.5%, 76%, and 79.4%, respectively) from the binary logistic regression (BLR) model. The global SVM classification model is successful, although it deals with a large data set in relation to the toxicity of organics to Vibrio fischeri.
The effect of plant growth regulators on the antioxidant enzyme activity and secondary metabolite production in the cell suspension cultures of Melia azedarach L.

ABSTRACT In the present study, we investigated the effect of plant growth regulators and explant type on callus induction, cell suspension culture growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, and accumulation of rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol in M. azedarach L. cell cultures. Our studies showed that the inflorescence and petiole explants had a high percentage of callus induction compared to the leaf explants, whereas the highest callus growth was obtained from the leaf explants cultured on the MS medium containing 5 mg l−1 NAA and 5 mg l−1 BAP and 5 mg l−1 NAA and 3 mg l−1 kinetin Kin. Furthermore, the highest cell growth was obtained from the leaf and inflorescence calli transferred to liquid MS medium supplemented with 1 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)+1 mg l−1 Kin/BAP. The highest activity of antioxidant enzymes and the lowest protein content was related to the leaf cell suspension cultures in liquid MS medium containing 3 mg l−1 NAA and 3 mg l−1 BAP. The inflorescence cell suspension cultures in the MS medium containing 3 mg l−1 NAA+1 mg l−1 BAP exhibited the highest rutin accumulation (47.536 mg g−1 FW). However, the highest amount of quercetin (8.570 mg g−1 FW) and kaempferol (5.420 mg g−1 FW) accumulation were obtained from the petiole cell suspension cultures in the MS medium with 1 mg l−1 2,4-D +1 mg l−1 Kin.
An extended-DORT method and its application in a cavity configuration

In this work, we present an extension of the classical DORT method for time-harmonic inverse medium scattering problems. This tool enables one to estimate the shape of the unknown scatterers even if they are not necessarily point-like scatterers. This method is described and compared with existing sampling methods. Moreover, a mathematical derivation is provided for its validation, either in a free-space environment or in a metallic enclosure setup. Two-dimensional examples, based on measured data sets acquired in the circular microwave scanner developed at Institut Fresnel, are presented, which show that the method is computationally efficient and robust to noise.
Evaluation and design of actuator fault diagnosability for nonlinear affine uncertain systems with unknown indeterminate inputs

In this paper, the evaluation and design scheme of fault diagnosability are investigated by differential geometry theories for a class of nonlinear affine uncertain systems with unknown indeterminate inputs. Considering two coupling relationships of outputs with uncertainties and faults, the sufficient and necessary conditions of fault detectability and isolability are established. For the problem that uncertainties influence the system outputs and make the faults undetectable, a design scheme of fault diagnosability is proposed. For nonlinear affine uncertain systems, a relatively complete theoretical system of the evaluation and design of fault diagnosability comes into being. An illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed evaluation and design scheme of fault diagnosability. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FLUCTUATION VELOCITY FOR NON-NEWTONIAN LIQUIDS IN MIXING TANK BY RUSHTON TURBINE IN THE TRANSITION REGION

fields, turbulence characteristics and etc., are essential for the confident design of mixing tanks. fluctuation tangential and radial velocities were measured using a two-component laser doppler anemometry (LDA) system for a typical Rushton turbine impeller. The working fluids had different concentrations of polyacrylamide (PAA) with rheological properties typical of those found in polymer processes. It is shown that the correlations for fluctuating velocities in Newtonian fluids do not apply to the case of viscoelastic liquids. New correlations are given in the lower part of the transition region, i.e., 30 < Re < 2000, for fluctuating tangential and radial velocity components values along the centre line of the impeller tip. Mansour Jahangiri
Top Canopy Height and Stem Size Variation Enhance Aboveground Biomass across Spatial Scales in Seasonal Tropical Forests

Tropical forests are biologically diverse and structurally complex ecosystems that can store a large quantity of carbon and support a great variety of plant and animal species. However, tropical forest structure can vary dramatically within seemingly homogeneous landscapes due to subtle changes in topography, soil fertility, species composition and past disturbances. Although numerous studies have reported the effects of field-based stand structure attributes on aboveground biomass (AGB) in tropical forests, the relative effects and contributions of UAV LiDAR-based canopy structure and ground-based stand structural attributes in shaping AGB remain unclear. Here, we hypothesize that mean top-of-canopy height (TCH) enhances AGB directly and indirectly via species richness and horizontal stand structural attributes, but these positive relationships are stronger at a larger spatial scale. We used a combined approach of field inventory and LiDAR-based remote sensing to explore how stand structural attributes (stem abundance, size variation and TCH) and tree species richness affect AGB along an elevational gradient in tropical forests at two spatial scales, i.e., 20 m × 20 m (small scale), and 50 m × 50 m (large scale) in southwest China. Specifically, we used structural equation models to test the proposed hypothesis. We found that TCH, stem size variation and abundance were strongly positively associated with AGB at both spatial scales, in addition to which increasing TCH led to greater AGB indirectly through increased stem size variation. Species richness had negative to negligible influences on AGB, but species richness increased with increasing stem abundance at both spatial scales. Our results suggest that light capture and use, modulated by stand structure, are key to promoting high AGB stocks in tropical forests. Thus, we argue that both horizontal and vertical stand structures are important for shaping AGB, but the relative contributions vary across spatial scales in tropical forests. Importantly, our results highlight the importance of including vertical forest stand attributes for predicting AGB and carbon sequestration that underpins human wellbeing.
Miniaturized photonic sensors based on micro-interferometers

It is well known that interferometers make great sensors. This is because phase is a magnitude that can be measured with very accurate precision and with a great dynamic range at the same time. Integrating these devices on a chip is very appealing because it can make the device much smaller, lighter, and affordable. However, this technology also poses some challenges, which can degrade performance with respect to free-space or fiber-based devices. In this work we overview these challenges and possible strategies to tackle them.
Oscillator strengths and lifetimes of Zn I and Ga II

We have applied the second-order relativistic many-body perturbation theory to calculate the oscillator strengths for the spin-allowed electric-dipole (E1) transitions in Zn I and Ga II. We have studied 11 transitions among the first 12 levels of Zn I and Ga II. Radiative lifetimes of some levels in Zn I and Ga II are also evaluated. In particular, the present study provides the first relativistic calculation for the transitions (4s4p)3P0,1,2o→(4p2)3P0,1,2? > in Zn I whose oscillator strengths are sensitive to the interplay between the relativistic effects and the bound–continuum correlations. The transition amplitudes obtained in different gauges agree within 2%. The present results agree well with experiment.