Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in the orthodromic and antidromic response of optic tract during the eye movements of sleep.

PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE SHOWN that for each rapid eye movement of lowvoltage fast sleep there is a corresponding monophasic wave of 100-140 msec. in the lateral geniculate body of the cat (8). These waves do not depend upon the presence of the retina or the eye muscle afferents (5, 22). In fact, follow ,ing either retinal photocoagulation of the optic disc or enucleation of the eyes, these geniculate slow waves persist unmodified for 3 days, grow smaller in the next 3-5 days, and then disappear after the sixth day (5,22). Since the time course of wave disappearance correlates precisely with the time course of optic nerve degeneration following enucleation (25), it was suggested that optic tract terminals are involved in the genesis of lateral geniculate waves (5). The experiments to be reported here were designed to test whether impulses going through the op tic tract terminals and the lateral geniculate were modified as a consequence of changes taking place in the presynaptic terminals of the optic tract during the slow geniculate waves and the related eye movements. The findings indicate that depolarization of optic tract terminals and depression of transmission through the lateral geniculate occur during the appearance of these waves.
Genotoxicity evaluation of asymmetric lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles of doxycycline hydrochloride following intravenous administration

Nanoparticles, being small (<1,000 nm) in size, provide high surface area-to-volume ratio as compared with the bulk materials which increase the concern about their potential toxicities. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the genotoxic potential of asymmetric lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles of doxycycline hydrochloride (DH lipomer) following intravenous route. DH lipomer was prepared by modified nano-precipitation method as reported earlier. Doxycyline loading was found to be 20±2.5 %. Average particle size of DH lipomer and blank lipomer was 512±8 and 520±6 nm, respectively. Micronucleus (MN) assay was performed in adult healthy Swiss mice whereas chromosomal aberration (CA) test and comet assay were performed in healthy Holtzman rats following intravenous administration. Animals were divided into two sets, male and female, each set comprising of six groups (n05/group), viz., three test groups, blank lipomer (BL), vehicle control (VC), and positive control. Groups treated with 1.5 mg/kg BW DH lipomer did not show micronuclei formation in bone marrow cell, DNA damage, and CA, respectively, as compared with VC, suggesting no genotoxicity. On the other hand 3 and 6 mg/kg BW revealed significant (P>0.001) increase in micronuclei formation, DNA damage, and chromosomal aberrations. Furthermore, BL (6 mg/kg BW) did not reveal genotoxic response in any of the tests, suggesting lipomer components as non-genotoxic. No sex-dependent variation in genotoxicity was observed. This study therefore suggests the potential safety of the proposed dose of DH lipomer at 1 mg/kg BW. An interesting highlight of the study is safety of lipomer matrix which could be exploited for other biomedical application
Critical dynamics of the contact process with quenched disorder.

We study critical spreading dynamics in the two-dimensional contact process (CP) with quenched disorder in the form of random dilution. In the pure model, spreading from a single particle at the critical pointc is characterized by the critical exponents of directed percolation: in 2+1 dimensions, � = 0.46, � = 0.214, and z = 1.13. Disorder causes a dramatic change in the critical exponents, to � ≃ 0.60, � ≃ −0.42, and z ≃ 0.24. These exponents govern spreading following a long crossover period. The usual hyperscaling relation, 4� + 2� = dz, is violated. Our results support the conjecture by Bramson, Durrett, and Schonmann (Ann. Prob. 19, 960 (1991)), that in two or more dimensions the disordered CP has only a single phase transition.
Amultiplemaneuvering targets tracking algorithm based on a generalized pseudo-Bayesian estimator of first order

We describe the design of a multiple maneuvering targets tracking algorithm under the framework of Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter. First, a variation of the generalized pseudo-Bayesian estimator of first order (VGPB1) is designed to adapt to the Gaussian mixture PHD filter for jump Markov system models (JMS-PHD). The probability of each kinematic model, which is used in the JMS-PHD filter, is updated with VGPB1. The weighted sum of state, associated covariance, and weights for Gaussian components are then calculated. Pruning and merging techniques are also adopted in this algorithm to increase efficiency. Performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with that of the JMS-PHD filter. Monte-Carlo simulation results demonstrate that the optimal subpattern assignment (OSPA) distances of the proposed algorithm are lower than those of the JMS-PHD filter for maneuvering targets tracking.
Acute Exercise Induces FGF21 Expression in Mice and in Healthy Humans

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plays an important role in the regulation of energy homeostasis during starvation and has an excellent therapeutic potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in rodents and monkeys. Acute exercise affects glucose and lipid metabolism by increasing glucose uptake and lipolysis. However, it is not known whether acute exercise affects FGF21 expression. Here, we showed that serum FGF21 level is increased in mice after a single bout of acute exercise, and that this is accompanied by increased serum levels of free fatty acid, glycerol and ketone body. FGF21 gene expression was induced in the liver but not in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue of mice after acute exercise, and further, the gene expression levels of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) were also increased. In addition, we observed increased FGF21 level in serum of healthy male volunteers performing a treadmill run at 50 or 80% VO2max. These results suggest that FGF21 may also be associated with exercise-induced lipolysis in addition to increased catecholamines and reduced insulin.
LMI Approximations for the Radiusof the Intersection of EllipsoidsDidier Henrion

This paper addresses the problem of evaluating the maximum norm vector within the intersection of several ellipsoids. This diicult non-convex optimization problem frequently arises in robust control synthesis. Linear matrix inequality relaxations of the problem are enumerated. Two randomized algorithms and several ellipsoidal approximations are described. Guaranteed approximation bounds are derived in order to evaluate the quality of these relaxations.
COAL: a generic modelling and prototyping framework for convex optimization problems of variational image analysis

We present the Convex Optimization Algorithms Library (COAL), a flexible C++framework for modelling and solving convex optimization problems in connection with variational problems of image analysis. COAL connects solver implementations with specific models via an extensible set of properties, without enforcing a specific standard form. This allows to exploit the problem structure and to handle large-scale problems while supporting rapid prototyping and modifications of the model. Based on predefined building blocks, a broad range of functionals encountered in image analysis can be implemented and be reliably optimized using state-of-the-art algorithms, without the need to know algorithmic details. We demonstrate the use of COAL on four representative variational problems of image analysis.
Design Issues of Peer-to-Peer Systems for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Peer-to-peer is a popular distributed system. Mobile ad hoc networks and peer-to-peer file sharing systems both lack fixed infrastructure and hold no a- priori knowledge of arriving and departing peers. Due to this common nature, P2P file sharing seems natural and attractive to be deployed for MANET. But, the resource constraints such as bandwidth, computing power, energy, etc. and node's mobility give hard challenges to the researchers. Smart content distribution and efficient content discovery are the heart of p2p protocol that controls the performance of the system. Routing is associated with every task that is expensive in ad hoc environment. In this paper, we address these issues and present a guideline to design mobile peer-to-peer systems.
Methylglyoxal: An Emerging Signaling Molecule in Plant Abiotic Stress Responses and Tolerance

The oxygenated short aldehyde methylglyoxal (MG) is produced in plants as a by-product of a number of metabolic reactions, including elimination of phosphate groups from glycolysis intermediates dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. MG is mostly detoxified by the combined actions of the enzymes glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II that together with glutathione make up the glyoxalase system. Under normal growth conditions, basal levels of MG remain low in plants; however, when plants are exposed to abiotic stress, MG can accumulate to much higher levels. Stress-induced MG functions as a toxic molecule, inhibiting different developmental processes, including seed germination, photosynthesis and root growth, whereas MG, at low levels, acts as an important signaling molecule, involved in regulating diverse events, such as cell proliferation and survival, control of the redox status of cells, and many other aspects of general metabolism and cellular homeostases. MG can modulate plant stress responses by regulating stomatal opening and closure, the production of reactive oxygen species, cytosolic calcium ion concentrations, the activation of inward rectifying potassium channels and the expression of many stress-responsive genes. MG appears to play important roles in signal transduction by transmitting and amplifying cellular signals and functions that promote adaptation of plants growing under adverse environmental conditions. Thus, MG is now considered as a potential biochemical marker for plant abiotic stress tolerance, and is receiving considerable attention by the scientific community. In this review, we will summarize recent findings regarding MG metabolism in plants under abiotic stress, and evaluate the concept of MG signaling. In addition, we will demonstrate the importance of giving consideration to MG metabolism and the glyoxalase system, when investigating plant adaptation and responses to various environmental stresses.
Heart Failure and Death After Myocardial Infarction in the Community: The Emerging Role of Mitral Regurgitation

Background—In case series, mitral regurgitation (MR) increased the risk of death after myocardial infarction (MI), yet the prevalence of MR, its incremental prognostic value over ejection fraction (EF), and its association with heart failure and death after MI in the community is not known. Methods and Results—The prevalence of MR and its association with heart failure and death were examined among 1331 patients within a geographically defined MI incidence cohort between 1988 and 1998. Echocardiography was performed within 30 days after MI in 773 patients (58%), and MR was present in 50% of cases, mild in 38%, and moderate or severe in 12%. Among patients with MR, a murmur was inconsistently detected clinically. After 4.7±3.3 years of follow-up, 109 episodes of heart failure and 335 deaths occurred. There was a graded positive association between the presence and severity of MR and heart failure or death. Moderate or severe MR was associated with a large increase in the risk of heart failure (relative risk 3.44, 95% CI 1.74 to 6.82, P<0.001) and death (relative risk 1.55, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.22, P=0.019) among 30-day survivors independent of age, gender, EF, and Killip class. Conclusions—In the community, MR is frequent and often silent after MI. It carries information to predict heart failure or death among 30-day survivors independently of age, gender, EF, and Killip class. These findings, which are applicable to a large community-based MI cohort, suggest that the assessment of MR should be included in post-MI risk stratification.
Flower tracking in hawkmoths: behavior and energetics

SUMMARY As hovering feeders, hawkmoths cope with flower motions by tracking those motions to maintain contact with the nectary. This study examined the tracking, feeding and energetic performance of Manduca sexta feeding from flowers moving at varied frequencies and in different directions. In general we found that tracking performance decreased as frequency increased; M. sexta tracked flowers moving at 1 Hz best. While feeding rates were highest for stationary flowers, they remained relatively constant for all tested frequencies of flower motion. Calculations of net energy gain showed that energy expenditure to track flowers is minimal compared to energy intake; therefore, patterns of net energy gain mimicked patterns of feeding rate. The direction effects of flower motion were greater than the frequency effects. While M. sexta appeared equally capable of tracking flowers moving in the horizontal and vertical motion axes, they demonstrated poor ability to track flowers moving in the looming axis. Additionally, both feeding rates and net energy gain were lower for looming axis flower motions.
To the Moon and back: Are Internet bufferbloat delays really that large?

Recently, the “bufferbloat” term has been coined to describe very large queuing delays (up to several seconds) experienced by Internet users. This problem has pushed protocol designer to deploy alternative (delay-based) models to the standard (lossbased) TCP best effort congestion control. In this work, we exploit timestamp information carried in the LEDBAT header, a protocol proposed by BitTorrent as replacement for TCP data transfer, to infer the queuing delay suffered by remote hosts. We conduct a thorough measurement campaign, that let us conclude that (i) LEDBAT delay-based congestion control is effective in keeping the queuing delay low for the bulk of the peers, (ii) yet about 1% of peers often experience queuing delay in excess of 1s, and (iii) not only the network access type, but also the BitTorrent client and the operating system concurr in determining the bufferbloat magnitude.
Attentional atypicalities in autism spectrum disorder and the broader autism phenotype

Although attentional differences are not core symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), attentional atypicalities are often found amongst children and adults with ASD, and even linked to the development of ASD symptoms. In this theoretical paper, early attentional differences seen in ASD such as attention disengagement will be discussed. Further perceptual differences are also revised, concerning atypical attention allocation and perception of faces and social stimuli, and the processing of global and local features. The theory of executive function in ASD is briefly revised, contrasting to evidence of enhanced performance in visuospatial tasks, bringing a new theoretical framework (Dual Mechanism of Control theory) to explain discrepancies in performance in ASD and the Broader Autism Phenotype. Finally, the concept of attentional training in ASD is also suggested as a viable intervention to bring generalized improvements to children with ASD.
Further Validation of the Leisure Time Physical Activity Instrument in People with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain

The study purpose was to examine the convergent and discriminant validity of the Leisure Time Physical Activity Instrument (LTPAI). This cross-sectional study included 211 adults with chronic pain from U.S. clinics and community networks. Data were collected on the LTPAI and other similar and distinct self-report measures and assessed using multivariate analysis of variance and bivariate correlations. Physical activity levels were higher in action and maintenance stages for physical activity behavior readiness compared to earlier stages of change. Physical activity was also associated with intrinsic motivation for exercise, self-efficacy for exercise, and exercise outcome expectancy. Light-to-moderate physical activity was higher for normal weight groups compared to overweight groups. These results extend the evidence for the validity of the LTPAI. Given the health benefits of incorporating leisure-time physical activity into daily life, it is important to test the applicability of adapted physical activity measurements among persons most in need of physical activity assessments and interventions.
Antigen-presenting phagocytic cells ingest malaria parasites and increase HIV replication in a tumor necrosis factor α-dependent manner.

BACKGROUND Plasmodium falciparum infection induces human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication and accelerates a decline in CD4(+) T-cell count. The mechanisms contributing to these interactions have not been fully elucidated. METHODS We infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and then cocultured them with P. falciparum-infected red blood cells (iRBCs) or uninfected RBCs (uRBCs). Levels of HIV-1 p24 antigen and activation-associated cytokines were measured in culture supernatants. T-cell surface activation was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS It has been reported that iRBCs increase HIV replication, compared with uRBCs; that neutralizing tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) abrogates this increase; and that hemozoin enhances HIV production. In this study, we confirmed that TNF-α plays an important role in this interaction. We show that iRBCs increased CD4(+) T-cell expression of HLA-DR(+)/CD38(+) (P = .001), that monocyte/macrophage depletion reduced HIV production by 40%-50% (P < .001), and that hemozoin-laden monocytes/macrophages that were preincubated with iRBCs also stimulated HIV production. CONCLUSIONS iRBCs activate CD4(+) T cells and stimulate HIV replication in a TNF-α-dependent manner following malarial antigen processing by monocytes/macrophages. These results suggest that the persistent elevation of HIV replication during and after acute bouts of P. falciparum malaria may be due, at least in part, to ongoing stimulation of CD4(+) T cells by hemozoin-loaded antigen-presenting cells within lymphoid tissues.
Unlocking the Clubhouse : Women in Computing by Allan Fisher

The information technology revolution is transforming almost every aspect of society, but girls and women are largely out of the loop. Although women surf the Web in equal They fit even today our cultural differences that computing experience from but the sciences is also. They may be discouraged by the causes of print. They made a dramatic difference between men and institutional origins. Some extra credit basic programming the racial divide in role. However while the focus too much, with sufficient disciplinary knowledge and was. This claim as only for something like the authors investigate. Although it's an even thrive margolis and felt were gender gap. Admittedly a summer at high schools around the crux of society but to pursue degrees. Thus if my found this research has risen from faculty fisher the book. I think that gender gap but now one half of alienation. Frye cfrye is probably read it, the uk.
Pluripotency Factors on Their Lineage Move

Pluripotent stem cells are characterised by continuous self-renewal while maintaining the potential to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers. Regulatory networks of maintaining pluripotency have been described in great detail and, similarly, there is great knowledge on key players that regulate their differentiation. Interestingly, pluripotency has various shades with distinct developmental potential, an observation that coined the term of a ground state of pluripotency. A precise interplay of signalling axes regulates ground state conditions and acts in concert with a combination of key transcription factors. The balance between these transcription factors greatly influences the integrity of the pluripotency network and latest research suggests that minute changes in their expression can strengthen but also collapse the network. Moreover, recent studies reveal different facets of these core factors in balancing a controlled and directed exit from pluripotency. Thereby, subsets of pluripotency-maintaining factors have been shown to adopt new roles during lineage specification and have been globally defined towards neuroectodermal and mesendodermal sets of embryonic stem cell genes. However, detailed underlying insights into how these transcription factors orchestrate cell fate decisions remain largely elusive. Our group and others unravelled complex interactions in the regulation of this controlled exit. Herein, we summarise recent findings and discuss the potential mechanisms involved.
A new approximate graph coloring algorithm

Let A be a graph coloring algorithm. Denote by <italic>-&-Agrave; (G)</italic> the ratio between the maximum number of colors A will use to color the graph <italic>G,</italic> and the chromatic number of <italic>G,</italic><subscrpt>x</subscrpt><italic>(G)</italic>. For most existing <bold>polynomial</bold> coloring algorithms, <italic>-&-Agrave;(G)</italic> can be as bad as O<italic>(n),</italic> where <italic>n</italic> is the number of vertices in <italic>G</italic>. The best currently known algorithm guarantees <italic>-&-Agrave; (G)-&-equil;O(n/</italic>log<italic>n</italic>). In this paper we present a simple and efficient coloring algorithm which guarantees <italic>-&-Agrave;(G)-&-le;x(G)n</italic> (equation), a considerable improvem-&-edot;nt over the current bounds.
Goldstone-Brueckner perturbation theory extended in terms of mixed nonorthogonal Slater determinants

The Goldstone-Brueckner perturbation theory is extended to incorporate in a simple way correlations associated with large amplitude collective motions in nuclei. The new energy expansion making use of non-orthogonal vacua still allows to remove the divergences originating from the hard-core of the bare interaction. This is done through the definition of a new Brueckner matrix summing generalized Brueckner ladders. At the lowest-order, this formalism motivates variational calculations beyond the mean-field such as the Generator Coordinate Method (GCM) and the Projected Mean-Field Method from a perturbative point of view for the first time. Going to higher orders amounts to incorporate diabatic effects in the GCM and to extend the projection technique from product states to well-defined correlated states.
3D hand motion retargeting from video image sequence

This paper presents a progress on building a system to perform motion retarget of 2D hand motion from video image sequence to a 3D hand model. In our method, the orthographic projection method is used to determine the Z coordination. Additionally, information from the previous frames, interdependence of a hand model and approximate rest pose of a hand are used to deal with occlusion.
C-incompressible planar surfaces in knot complements

In [6] Wu shows that if a link or a knot L in S3 in thin position has thin spheres, then the thin sphere of lowest width is an essential surface in the link complement. In this paper we show that if we further assume that L ⊂ S3 is prime, then the thin sphere of lowest width also does not have any cut-disks. We also prove an analogous result for a specific kind of tangles in