Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating understandability of software documents

Software developers and maintainers need to read and understand source programs and other kinds of software documents in their work. Understandability of software documents is thus important. This paper introduces a method for estimating the understandability of software documents. The method is based on a language theory according to which every software document is considered to contain a language of its own, which is a set of symbols. The understandability of documents written according to different documentation practices can be compared using the rules of the language theory. The method and the language theory are presented by using source programs with different naming styles as example documents. The method can, at least theoretically, be applied to any kind of document. It can also be used to explain the benefits of some well-known software design methods.
Musical Genre Classification Enhanced by Improved Source Separation Technique

We present a system for musical genre classiﬁcation based on audio features extracted from signals which correspond to distinct musical instrument sources. For the separation of the musical sources, we propose an innovative technique in which the convolutive sparse coding algorithm is applied to several portions of the audio signal. The system is evaluated and its performance is assessed
The influence of characters association on behavior of sugarcane genotypes (Saccharum spp) for cane yield and juice quality.

The investigation was carried out at the Sugarcane Research Centre, Sudan (14, 48 N°), during the season of 2003/2004 and 2004/2005. Eight sugarcane genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications to study association of characters influenced the final behavior of eight sugarcane clones regarding cane yield characters namely; yield of cane (ton/ha), number of millable cane, stalk height, stalk diameter, single stalk weight and juice quality traits in terms of juice brix (%) juice pol %, juice purity % and cane fiber (%). The results indicated that genotypes R 579, SP 718210 and Co 6806 had shown superiority for yield of cane per ha where as genotype Co 527 followed by Co 997 were the best for juice pol percent. Characters association results showed a positive correlation between cane yield in one hand and number of millable stalks, stalk height, internodal number per stalk, single stalks weight on the other hand indicated improvement of one of these character may resulted in positive respone of the other character. Negative association of cane yield with stalk diameter, juice pol and purity % was noticed in this study.
Optimal diversity vs multiplexing tradeoff for frequency selective MIMO channels

In this paper we derive the optimal diversity versus multiplexing tradeoff for a frequency selective i.i. d. Rayleigh MIMO channel. This tradeoff is shown to be better than the one of the frequency flat MIMO channel. Traditional approaches for frequency selective channels use OFDM techniques in order to exploit the diversity gain due to frequency selectivity. We show that although coding in OFDM over a sufficient subset of subcarriers allows to exploit full diversity as such (at fixed rate), such an approach leads to a suboptimal diversity vs multiplexing tradeoff
A methodology for traffic shaping multiobjective optimization for next generation network

In recent years, computer networks have been characterized by heterogeneous traffic and dynamic management of different kinds of services. The network requirements have increased within time and, since bandwidth is limited, it becomes necessary to employ optimization procedures in order to make the network able to operate in its full capacity. Traffic shaping mechanisms implement Quality of Service (QoS) concepts to ensure acceptable service levels. This paper shows preliminary results of an empirical approach for traffic shaping optimization. It is proposed a methodology based on throughput and packet loss optimization through multiobjective genetic algorithms.
Experimental Results Show Near-Optimality Of A Sensor Location Algorithm

Locating sensors in 2D can be modeled as an art gallery problem, which asks to locate the minimum number of omnidirectional sensors, or "guards" to "cover" a polygonal floor map. The problem is NP-hard, and no finite algorithm, even exponential, is known for its exact solution. The approximate algorithms in the literature are polynomial in the worst case, but their performance with respect to the optimal solution is either bad or, in most cases, unknown. Recently, a new incremental sensors location algorithm that attempts to balance execution times and closeness to optimum has been presented. The algorithm converges toward the optimal solution, and uses a lower bound for the number of sensors, specific of the polygon considered, for evaluating the quality of the solution. We have implemented and extensively tested the algorithm. Closeness to optimal and computation times have been measured for a large number of randomly generated polygons with or without holes, rectilinear polygons and real building floor maps. The experimental results show that the algorithm supplies solutions very close to, and often coincident with, the lower bound and therefore nearly optimal or optimal. Running times allow dealing with polygons with many tens, or even a few hundreds of edges, which appears adequate to most practical cases.
Rye Affects Bacterial Translocation, Intestinal Viscosity, Microbiota Composition and Bone Mineralization in Turkey Poults

Previously, we have reported that rye significantly increased both viscosity and Clostridium perfringens proliferation when compared with corn in an in vitro digestive model. Two independent trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of rye as a source of energy on bacterial translocation, intestinal viscosity, gut microbiota composition, and bone mineralization, when compared with corn in turkey poults. In each experiment, day-of-hatch, turkey poults were randomly assigned to either a corn or a rye diet (n = 0 /group). At 10 d of age, in both experiments, 12 birds/group were given an oral gavage dose of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d). After 2.5 h of oral gavage, blood and liver samples were collected to evaluate the passage of FITC-d and bacterial translocation (BT) respectively. Duodenum, ileum and cecum gut sections were collected to evaluate intestinal viscosity and to enumerate gut microbiota. Tibias were collected for observation of bone parameters. Broilers fed with a rye diet showed increased (p<0.05) intestinal viscosity, BT, and serum FITC-d. Bacterial enumeration revealed that turkey poults fed with rye had increased the number of total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in all three sections of the gastrointestinal tract evaluated when compared to turkey poults fed with corn. Turkey poults fed with rye also had significantly higher coliforms in duodenum and ileum but not in the ceca, whereas the total number of anaerobes increased only in duodenum. A significant reduction in bone strength and bone mineralization was observed in turkey poults fed with rye when compared with corn fed turkey poults. In conclusion, rye evoked mucosal damage in turkey poults that increased intestinal viscosity, increased leakage through the intestinal tract, and altered the microbiota composition and bone mineralization. Studies to evaluate dietary inclusion of selected Direct-Fed Microbial (DFM) candidates that produce exogenous enzymes in rye fed turkey poults are currently being evaluated.
Situation awareness and ability in coalitions

This paper proposes a discussion on the formal links between the situation calculus and the semantics of interpreted systems as far as they relate to higher-level information fusion tasks. Among these tasks situation analysis require to be able to reason about the decision processes of coalitions. Indeed in higher levels of information fusion, one not only need to know that a certain proposition is true (or that it has a certain numerical measure attached), but rather needs to model the circumstances under which this validity holds as well as agents' properties and constraints. In a previous paper the authors have proposed to use the interpreted system semantics as a potential candidate for the unification of all levels of information fusion. In the present work we show how the proposed framework allow to bind reasoning about courses of action and situation awareness. We propose in this paper a (1) model of coalition, (2) a model of ability in the situation calculus language and (3) a model of situation awareness in the interpreted systems semantics. Combining the advantages of both situation calculus and the interpreted systems semantics, we show how the situation calculus can be framed into the interpreted systems semantics. We illustrate on the example of RAP compilation in a coalition context, how ability and situation awareness interact and what benefit is gained. Finally, we conclude this study with a discussion on possible future works.
Pinna Feature Extraction from hand-held device and HRTF response recovery

We present here an application of standard biometric recognition techniques in the context of ear feature extraction. The objective is to apply image processing algorithms that detect and extract general descriptors for ear images in order to recover the Pinna Related Transfer Function that is most appropriate for pinnas captured in an input query image. In particular, this project includes a prototype implementation of the input query, ear detection, and nearest neighbor matching process via iOS and OpenCV. We present some preliminary results regarding the acoustic transfer function characteristics that most closely matched in relation to the corresponding recovered images.
Toughness of bulk metallic glasses

Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have desirable properties like high strength and low modulus, but their toughness can show much variation, depending on the kind of test as well as alloy chemistry. This article reviews the type of toughness tests commonly performed and the factors influencing the data obtained. It appears that even the less-tough metallic glasses are tougher than oxide glasses. The current theories describing the links between toughness and material parameters, including elastic constants and alloy chemistry (ordering in the glass), are discussed. Based on the current literature, a few important issues for further work are identified.
Magnetic fields on young, moderately rotating Sun-like stars – II. EK Draconis (HD 129333)

The magnetic fields, activity and dynamos of young solar-type stars can be empirically studied using time-series of spectropolarimetric observations and tomographic imaging techniques such as Doppler imaging and Zeeman Doppler imaging. In this paper we use these techniques to study the young Sun-like star EK Draconis (Sp-Type: G1.5V, HD 129333) using ESPaDOnS at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope and NARVAL at the T\`elescope Bernard Lyot. This multi-epoch study runs from late 2006 until early 2012. We measure high levels of chromospheric activity indicating an active, and varying, chromosphere. Surface brightness features were constructed for all available epochs. The 2006/7 and 2008 data show large spot features appearing at intermediate-latitudes. However, the 2012 data indicate a distinctive polar spot. We observe a strong, almost unipolar, azimuthal field during all epochs that is similar to that observed on other Sun-like stars. Using magnetic features, we determined an average equatorial rotational velocity, \Omega_eq, of 2.50 +/- 0.08 rad/d. High levels of surface differential rotation were measured with an average rotational shear, \Delta\Omega, of 0.27 +0.24-0.26 rad/d. During an intensively observed 3-month period from December 2006 until February 2007, the magnetic field went from predominantly toroidal ( approx. 80%) to a more balanced poloidal-toroidal (approx. 40-60%) field. Although the large-scale magnetic field evolved over the epochs of our observations, no polarity reversals were found in our data.
Energy and Potassium Ion Homeostasis during Gamma Oscillations

Fast neuronal network oscillations in the gamma frequency band (30–100 Hz) occur in various cortex regions, require timed synaptic excitation and inhibition with glutamate and GABA, respectively, and are associated with higher brain functions such as sensory perception, attentional selection and memory formation. However, little is known about energy and ion homeostasis during the gamma oscillation. Recent studies addressed this topic in slices of the rodent hippocampus using cholinergic and glutamatergic receptor models of gamma oscillations (GAM). Methods with high spatial and temporal resolution were applied in vitro, such as electrophysiological recordings of local field potential (LFP) and extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]o), live-cell fluorescence imaging of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) and flavin adenine dinucleotide [NAD(P)H and FAD, respectively] (cellular redox state), and monitoring of the interstitial partial oxygen pressure (pO2) in depth profiles with microsensor electrodes, including mathematical modeling. The main findings are: (i) GAM are associated with high oxygen consumption rate and significant changes in the cellular redox state, indicating rapid adaptations in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation; (ii) GAM are accompanied by fluctuating elevations in [K+]o of less than 0.5 mmol/L from baseline, likely reflecting effective K+-uptake mechanisms of neuron and astrocyte compartments; and (iii) GAM are exquisitely sensitive to metabolic stress induced by lowering oxygen availability or by pharmacological inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. These findings reflect precise cellular adaptations to maintain adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP), ion and neurotransmitter homeostasis and thus neural excitability and synaptic signaling during GAM. Conversely, the exquisite sensitivity of GAM to metabolic stress might significantly contribute the exceptional vulnerability of higher brain functions in brain disease.
Randomized Algorithms for Graph Problems

Randomization is a powerful tool in the design of algorithms. In this proposal we use randomness to make progress on several old and fundamental problems. We close the approximability of feedback arc set on tournament graphs, first studied around 1961 [16], by designing a PTAS. We give a practical algorithm with improved performance for finding strongly connected components in parallel (first studied around 1988 [6]). We also find and analyze more elegant algorithms for max cut of dense graphs (1995). Additional details on these results are available in our papers (see http://www.cs.brown.edu/ws/).
Accelerated Coronary Angiogenesis by Vegfr1-Knockout Endocardial Cells

During mouse heart development, ventricular endocardial cells give rise to the coronary arteries by angiogenesis. Myocardially-derived vascular endothelial growth factor-a (Vegfa) regulates embryonic coronary angiogenesis through vascular endothelial growth factor-receptor 2 (Vegfr2) expressed in the endocardium. In this study, we investigated the role of endocardially-produced soluble Vegfr1 (sVegfr1) in the coronary angiogenesis. We deleted sVegfr1 in the endocardium of the developing mouse heart and found that this deletion resulted in a precocious formation of coronary plexuses. Using an ex vivo coronary angiogenesis assay, we showed that the Vegfr1-null ventricular endocardial cells underwent excessive angiogenesis and generated extensive endothelial tubular networks. We also revealed by qPCR analysis that expression of genes involved in the Vegf-Notch pathway was augmented in the Vegfr1-null hearts. We further showed that inhibition of Notch signaling blocked the formation of coronary plexuses by the ventricular endocardial cells. These results establish that Vegfr1 produced in the endocardium negatively regulates embryonic coronary angiogenesis, possibly by limiting the Vegf-Notch signaling.
Title: the Metaphors of Virtual Worlds: How People Make Sense of a Virtual World via the Physical World Panel Title: Making Sense of Virtual Worlds as Sites of Innovation in Communication

My major project for the virtual worlds research group investigated, through experimental conditions, how relative "virtual world novices" made sense of virtual worlds, and how this sensemaking related to their being entertained by engaging with the virtual world, and their subsequent desire to continue engaging. I was especially interested in understanding what people focused on most in their assessments of engaging with a new media product, such as a virtual world. I sought to answer two questions. First, would the people attend most to making sense of the technology, the content, or something else? Second, what previous experiences would they draw upon to help them make sense of this new experience?
Two dimension locality preserving projections with class information for face recognition

The dimension reduction is necessary steps for face recognition based on subspace analysis. The proposed method employs class information for structure of similarity matrix when implement of 2DLPP. A subspace which preserves local neighbor structure and centralizes same class samples of training images is got. Moreover, it has available computation efficiency and accuracy because it belongs to the methods based on images which avoid the matrix singularity problem. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated and compared with other popular subspace analysis method based on ORL database. The experiment results show that it has more accurate recognition than previous methods.
Aligning Superintelligence with Human Interests: A Technical Research Agenda

The property that has given humans a dominant advantage over other species is not strength or speed, but intelligence. If progress in artificial intelligence continues unabated, AI systems will eventually exceed humans in general reasoning ability. A system that is “superintelligent” in the sense of being “smarter than the best human brains in practically every field” could have an enormous impact upon humanity (Bostrom 2014). Just as human intelligence has allowed us to develop tools and strategies for controlling our environment, a superintelligent system would likely be capable of developing its own tools and strategies for exerting control (Muehlhauser and Salamon 2012). In light of this potential, it is essential to use caution when developing AI systems that can exceed human levels of general intelligence, or that can facilitate the creation of such systems.
Dynamic Query Processing and Optimization in Relational Complex Databases with Keyword Search

Dynamic queries are a novel approach to information seeking that may enable users to cope with information overload. They allow users to see an overview of the database, rapidly explore and conveniently filter out unwanted information. Users fly through information spaces by incrementally adjusting a query while continuously viewing the changing results. The main drawback of a form-based query interface is that it is restrictive. Modern scientific databases and web databases maintain large and heterogeneous data. These real- world databases contain over hundreds or even thousands of relations and attributes. Traditional predefined query forms are not able to satisfy various ad-hoc queries from users on those databases. So a Dynamic Query Form (DQF) system was proposed. Dynamic queries interfaces suggest that they offer a dramatic change from existing methods for querying databases. DQF, a query interface which is capable of dynamically generating query forms for users. Different from traditional document retrieval users in database retrieval are capable of performing different round of actions iteratively by filling in forms and retrieving results based on users desire and conditions at run time. Each iteration consists of two types of user interactions: Query Form Endowment and Query Execution. In Query Form Endowment DQF recommends the user selects the desired form components into the current query form and the form components selected by the user will be in ranked order. In Query Execution the user fills out the current query form and submits a query, DQF executes the query and shows the results and the user provides the feedback about the query results. F-measure value can be used for measuring the goodness of a query form. A comparison between the Customized query form and Dynamic query form can be generated. As an enhancement, the database querying can be formalized by combining the keyword search and forms. Here at query time, a user with a question to be answered issues standard keyword search queries; but instead of returning tuples, the system returns forms relevant to the question. This paper lacks the addressing of multi-criteria decision making. So skyline query concept is used for satisfying the multi-criteria decision making.
Automated interstudy image registration technique for SPECT and PET.

UNLABELLED We report the extended application of an automated computer technique for three-dimensional spatial registration of SPECT and PET studies. METHODS The technique iteratively reslices a misaligned data set until the sum of the absolute differences (SAD) from a reference data set is minimized. The registration accuracy was assessed in Hoffman brain phantom studies collected with known misalignments and transmission studies of a thorax phantom with fiducial markers. The SAD was compared with three other cost functions: stochastic sign change criterion, sum of products and standard deviation (s.d.) of ratios. In clinical neurological and myocardial perfusion studies, registration accuracy was estimated from the relative locations of landmarks in the reference and registered data sets. RESULTS Registration accuracy in the Hoffman brain phantom studies was -0.07 +/- 0.46 mm (mean +/- s.d.) for translations and -0.01 +/- 0.20 degrees for rotations, with maximum translation and rotation errors of 1.2 mm and 0.8 degree, respectively. The SAD was the most accurate and reliable cost function. Registration errors in the thorax phantom were 3.1 +/- 1.7 mm. Mean accuracy in the neurological studies, estimated from landmark pairs, was 2.0 +/- 1.1 mm for SPECT to SPECT and 1.8 +/- 1.1 mm for PET to SPECT registrations. Average registration accuracy in 201Tl myocardial perfusion studies was 2.1 +/- 1.2 mm. CONCLUSION Our registration method (a) provided accurate registrations for phantom and clinical SPECT and PET studies, (b) is fully automated, (c) simplifies comparison of data sets obtained at different times and with different modalities, and (d) can be applied retrospectively.
Resolution of the MACHO-LMC-5 Puzzle: The Jerk-Parallax Microlens Degeneracy

By extending the constant-acceleration analysis of Smith, Mao, & Paczyński to include jerk, I show that microlens parallax measurements are subject to a four-fold discrete degeneracy. The new degeneracy is characterized by a projected velocity j = -(3/4) csc βec( ψ βec + ψ)3/2v⊕, where βec is the ecliptic latitude, ψ is the phase of the Earth's orbit relative to opposition at the time of the event maximum, and v⊕ = 30 km s-1 is the speed of the Earth. The degeneracy becomes important when the lens projected velocity is of order j. For events toward the Large Magellanic Cloud, j ≃ (3/4)v⊕, so this degeneracy is important primarily for lenses in the Milky Way disk. In particular, it solves the puzzle of MACHO-LMC-5, whose microlens parallax measurement had yielded mass and distance determinations for the lens that were inconsistent with photometric estimates. Toward the Galactic bulge, j ranges from ~0.2 km s- 1 at the summer solstice to ~200 km s- 1 at the equinoxes , so the effect of the degeneracy depends strongly on the peak time of the event. The degeneracy applies mainly to events with Einstein timescales, tE ≲ yr/2π.