Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visualizing Tensor Normal Distributions at Multiple Levels of Detail

Despite the widely recognized importance of symmetric second order tensor fields in medicine and engineering, the visualization of data uncertainty in tensor fields is still in its infancy. A recently proposed tensorial normal distribution, involving a fourth order covariance tensor, provides a mathematical description of how different aspects of the tensor field, such as trace, anisotropy, or orientation, vary and covary at each point. However, this wealth of information is far too rich for a human analyst to take in at a single glance, and no suitable visualization tools are available. We propose a novel approach that facilitates visual analysis of tensor covariance at multiple levels of detail. We start with a visual abstraction that uses slice views and direct volume rendering to indicate large-scale changes in the covariance structure, and locations with high overall variance. We then provide tools for interactive exploration, making it possible to drill down into different types of variability, such as in shape or orientation. Finally, we allow the analyst to focus on specific locations of the field, and provide tensor glyph animations and overlays that intuitively depict confidence intervals at those points. Our system is demonstrated by investigating the effects of measurement noise on diffusion tensor MRI, and by analyzing two ensembles of stress tensor fields from solid mechanics.
THE VALUE OF IRON THERAPY IN PICA.

As doubt had been cast upon the reputed efficacy of iron in the treatment of pica, a double blind controlled trial was carried out in an endeavor to establish a firmer conclusion in the matter. One group of children received intramuscular iron and a control group of equal mean age were given intramuscular injections of normal saline. Three to 4 months later nearly all of those given iron had lost their pica, but it was still present in three-quarters of the controls. After 5 to 6 months there was no significant difference between the two groups and this failure of maintenance of cure may have been related to a fall in mean hemoglobin level which occurred. Five children who initially received saline and in whom pica was still present were given iron at 6 months and all lost their pica. Our experience is that pica can be cured by iron in nearly all cases, but that permanent cure may be dependent upon the maintenance of adequate hemoglobin levels.
The Making of Australian Petty Bourgeois Opal Miners

This paper explores the structural and cultural location of petty bourgeois opal miners at Coober Pedy who work on their own account. It is argued that a purely structural categorisation of the petty bourgeoisie ignores the extent to which occupancy represents the out come of a value orientation and cultural choice. Opal miners' cultural values and attitudes are explored in relation to economic and social action and, while certain common beliefs are distinguished, sufficiently divergent patterns of meaning are uncovered to warrant the identifica tion of two main ideological groups, the 'entrepreneurial' and the 'alienated'. The conclusion is drawn that the minority (the 'entre preneurial') look to the capitalist mode of production and to instru mentally rational forms of economic action, while the majority (the 'alienated') display a cultural orientation away from traditional capitalist relations of production and towards the simply commodity mode.
Correlation between low-field mobility and high-field carrier velocity in quasi-ballistic-transport MISFETS scaled down to Lg=30 nm

Mobility (μ) and L<inf>g</inf> dependence of high-field velocity (v) is systematically investigated. A wide variety of μ characteristics are realized with various gate dielectrics of SiO<inf>2</inf>, SiON, HfLaSiON, and HfLaAlSiON. At L<inf>g</inf>=30nm, the sensitivities of v to μ and scaling in L<inf>g</inf>, (δv/v)/(δμ/μ) and (δv/v)/(δL<inf>g</inf>/L<inf>g</inf>), are 0.43 and −0.45, respectively: in quasi-ballistic transport regime, μ and scaling in L<inf>g</inf> still play an important role on I<inf>on</inf> improvement with v enhancement. High-k MISFETs do not show any particular v degradation in high-energy carrier transport. μ-T<inf>inv</inf> characteristics of MG/high-k gate-stacks required for 22nm-node and beyond is discussed based on the experimental data for μ and L<inf>g</inf> dependence of v.
Strategies targeting angiogenesis in advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Tumor angiogenesis is a frequent event in the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has been identified as a promising therapeutic target. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and other angiogenic factors, including fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor, promote the growth of newly formed vessels from preexisting vessels and change the tumor microenvironment. To date, two antiangiogenic monoclonal antibodies, bevacizumab and ramucirumab, which target VEGF-A and its receptor VEGF receptor-2, respectively, have been approved for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC when added to first-line standard chemotherapy. Numerous oral multitargeting angiogenic small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been widely evaluated in advanced NSCLC, but only nintedanib in combination with platinum-based doublet chemotherapy has demonstrated a survival benefit in the second-line setting. Additionally, small-molecule TKIs remain the standard of care for patients with mutated EGFR, ALK or ROS1. Moreover, immune checkpoint inhibitors that target the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) are changing the current strategy in the treatment of advanced NSCLC without driver gene mutations. The potential synergistic activity of antiangiogenic agents and TKIs or immunotherapy is an interesting topic of research. This review will summarize the novel antiangiogenic agents, antiangiogenic monotherapy, as well as potential combination therapeutic strategies for the clinical management of advanced NSCLC.
Constrained reconstruction applied to 2-D chemical shift imaging

The method of constrained reconstruction, previously applied to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is extended to magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This method assumes a model for the MR signal. The model parameters are estimated directly from the phase encoded data. This process obviates the need for the fast Fourier transform (FFT) (which often exhibits limited resolution and ringing artifact). The technique is tested on simulated data, phantom data, and data acquired from human liver in vivo. In each case, constrained reconstruction offers spatial resolution superior to that obtained with the FFT.
Underspecified Query Refinement via Natural Language Question Generation

Underspecified queries are common in vertical search engines, leading to large result sets that are difficult for users to navigate. In this paper, we show that we can automatically guide users to their target results by engaging them in a dialog consisting of well-formed binary questions mined from unstructured data. We propose a system that extracts candidate attribute-value question terms from unstructured descriptions of records in a database. These terms are then filtered using a Maximum Entropy classifier to identify those that are suitable for question formation given a user query. We then select question terms via a novel ranking function that aims to minimize the number of question turns necessary for a user to find her target result. We evaluate the quality of system-generated questions for grammaticality and refinement effectiveness. Our final system shows best results in effectiveness, percentage of well-formed questions, and percentage of answerable questions over three baseline systems.
The Composition and Morphology of Amphiboles from the Rainy Creek Complex, Near Libby, Montana

Abstract Thirty samples of amphibole-rich rock from the largest mined vermiculite deposit in the world in the Rainy Creek alkaline-ultramafic complex near Libby, Montana, were collected and analyzed. The amphibole-rich rock is the suspected cause of an abnormally high number of asbestos-related diseases reported in the residents of Libby, and in former mine and mill workers. The amphibole-rich samples were analyzed to determine composition and morphology of both fibrous and non-fibrous amphiboles. Sampling was carried out across the accessible portions of the deposit to obtain as complete a representation of the distribution of amphibole types as possible. The range of amphibole compositions, determined from electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction analysis, indicates the presence of winchite, richterite, tremolite, and magnesioriebeckite. The amphiboles from Vermiculite Mountain show nearly complete solid solution between these end-member compositions. Magnesio-arfvedsonite and edenite may also be present in low abundance. An evaluation of the textural characteristics of the amphiboles shows the material to include a complete range of morphologies from prismatic crystals to asbestiform fibers. The morphology of the majority of the material is intermediate between these two varieties. All of the amphiboles, with the possible exception of magnesioriebeckite, can occur in fibrous or asbestiform habit. The Vermiculite Mountain amphiboles, even when originally present as massive material, can produce abundant, extremely fine fibers by gentle abrasion or crushing.
The role of triggers in database forensics

An aspect of database forensics that has not received much attention in the academic research community yet is the presence of database triggers. Database triggers and their implementations have not yet been thoroughly analysed to establish what possible impact they could have on digital forensic analysis methods and processes. Conventional database triggers are defined to perform automatic actions based on changes in the database. These changes can be on the data level or the data definition level. Digital forensic investigators might thus feel that database triggers do not have an impact on their work. They are simply interrogating the data and metadata without making any changes. This paper attempts to establish if the presence of triggers in a database could potentially disrupt, manipulate or even thwart forensic investigations. The database triggers as defined in the SQL standard were studied together with a number of database trigger implementations. This was done in order to establish what aspects might have an impact on digital forensic analysis. It is demonstrated in this paper that some of the current database forensic analysis methods are impacted by the possible presence of certain types of triggers in a database. Furthermore, it finds that the forensic interpretation and attribution processes should be extended to include the handling and analysis of database triggers if they are present in a database.
Study of newly synthesized proteins during bovine oocyte maturation in vitro using image analysis of two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis

To investigate protein synthesis during bovine oocyte maturation in vitro, oocytes were put in culture with 35S‐methionine for 4 hr periods from time zero to 28 hr. Pools of 10 oocytes were then prepared for two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE). For each time interval, three gels were obtained, digitalized, and analyzed to detect proteins. Then, the gel containing the most proteins was chosen as the reference gel and compared with the others. An averaged gel was created with proteins present in at least two gels of the three. Our results indicate that the rate of protein synthesis is higher at the beginning of maturation until the appearance of metaphase I (MI, 8–12 hr) and then it decreases and stays relatively constant. Percentages of initial proteins (0–4 hr) and remaining present during the progression decrease progressively from 100% to 53%. In contrast, when we compare proteins synthesized from the 4 to 8 hr period with proteins from the 8 to 12 or the 12 to 16 hr intervals, percentages of overall protein matching are stable with values of 81 and 79%, respectively. Comparison of proteins from 20 to 24 hr with proteins from 16 to 20 or 24 to 28 hr intervals also gives stable percentages of overall protein matching with values of 83 and 84%, respectively. Furthermore, a higher number of new proteins is observed at 4–8 hr (n = 130) and 16–20 hr (n = 136) of maturation. Thus, three major patterns of protein synthesis were observed during bovine oocyte maturation in vitro: one at the beginning of maturation (0–4 hr), another one in the middle (4–16 hr), and the last one after the completion of MI stage (16–28 hr). Mol. Reprod. Dev. 67: 313–322, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A New Image Descriptor for Image Retrieval

Development of various image descriptors has greatly contributed to the advancement in image retrieval. Image descriptors can be made invariant to various image changes. In this paper, a new image descriptor is described and its application in image retrieval is evaluated. The descriptor uses the autoencoder concept to reduce the dimension of the feature vector measuing various properties of a keypoint. The new descriptor is found to have higher precision and recall rates when compared to the SIFT descriptor in image retrieval. Moreover, the descriptor is about three times faster than the SIFT descriptor, and by using the codebook concept, it can be made even faster.
Pre-exercise Stretching and Sports Related Injuries: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices

ObjectivePre-exercise stretching (PES) has been common practice prior to participation in athletic events. Despite evidence for lack of benefit, many coaches continue to routinely instruct and prescribe stretching. This study assesses the knowledge, attitudes and practices of high school coaches regarding PES. DesignA cross-sectional survey. SettingMultiple high schools in a Southeast Michigan county. ParticipantsHead coaches (n=71) at ten county high schools completed the survey. Main Outcome MeasuresKnowledge, attitudes and practices of high school coaches regarding PES. ResultsThe survey was completed by coaches at 10 of 11 public high schools with an overall response rate of 46%. Coaches stretch athletes for an average of 13 minutes prior to practice or competition. Almost 95% of coaches feel stretching is beneficial, specifically in decreasing injury risk. Nearly 73% believe that there are no drawbacks to stretching. The most significant reason cited for stretching is decreased injury risk. Coaches stated that personal experience and scientific evidence are the two factors that would most likely influence their future recommendations regarding PES. There are statistically significant differences in stretching practices between male and female coaches and experienced and inexperienced coaches. ConclusionsDespite the lack of evidence, nearly all coaches believe that PES prevents a wide array of injuries. Although coaches value personal experience in determining their PES practices, they are open to new scientific evidence, which should encourage the medical community to deliver current research.
On orientation control of functional redundant robots

There are tasks that do not require a controlled motion in all spatial directions. These unused degrees-of-freedom (DOF) make the robot functionally redundant. Traditional methods for redundancy resolution developed for intrinsic redundant robots cannot be used directly for resolving functional redundancy. The functional redundancy is in general not reflected as rows in the Jacobian matrix and therefore, the unused DOFs cannot be mapped into the null-space. In the paper we present a novel approach for the orientation related functional redundancy resolution based on the task space rotation. We define a time-variant task space frame so that one or more frame axes are aligned with the unused directions. This allows that the rows of Jacobian matrix corresponding to functional redundant DOFs are excluded. As the standard quaternion control is not appropriate to control orientation of such functional redundant robots, we propose two control algorithms to control one or two orientation directions. Two examples then show how the proposed control algorithms can be implemented and finally, we present the application of the algorithm on a two-arm robot system.
Fuzzy based visual servoing of MAV through staircase

This paper presents the visual servoing design of the micro aerial vehicle flying through the staircase. Two cameras mounted on the front and belly of the micro aerial vehicle are utilized to observe the stairs by turns. The visual features of the stairs, wall, railing, and the middle landing plane, are described to estimate the location and orientation of the micro aerial vehicle in the staircase. The obtained visual information is then used to be the bases of navigating the micro aerial vehicle. The visual servoing based on the fuzzy logic is proposed to control the micro aerial vehicle flying through the straight stairs and aligning the entrance of the stairs. The online flying in the staircase is verified in several experiments to demonstrate the efficiency of the overall system.
Extended least squares based algorithm for training feedforward networks

An extended least squares-based algorithm for feedforward networks is proposed. The weights connecting the last hidden and output layers are first evaluated by least squares algorithm. The weights between input and hidden layers are then evaluated using the modified gradient descent algorithms. This arrangement eliminates the stalling problem experienced by the pure least squares type algorithms; however, still maintains the characteristic of fast convergence. In the investigated problems, the total number of FLOPS required for the networks to converge using the proposed training algorithm are only 0.221%-16.0% of that using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The number of floating point operations per iteration of the proposed algorithm are only 1.517-3.521 times of that of the standard backpropagation algorithm.
Effect of Valine on 5-HT-mediated Prolactin Release in Healthy Volunteers, and on Mood in Remitted Depressed Patients

Background Animal experimental studies suggest that the amino acid valine may decrease brain serotonin (5-HT) function by inhibiting the transport of the 5-HT precursor, L-tryptophan, across the blood barrier. The aim of the present study was to assess whether valine could decrease brain 5-HT function in healthy subjects and provoke symptomatic relapse in recently remitted depressed patients taking antidepressant drug treatment. Method We studied the effect of valine (30 g) on the prolactin (PRL) response to the 5-HT releasing agent, d-fenfluramine, in healthy male subjects and on the mood of 12 remitted depressed patients taking either selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (n = 10) or lithium and amitriptyline (n = 2). Results Valine significantly lowered the PRL response to d-fenfluramine in healthy subjects. In the remitted depressives, valine caused a mild but detectable lowering of mood on a number of measures but only one patient experienced a significant relapse in mood. Conclusions Valine administration may decrease brain 5-HT neurotransmission in humans. This effect could explain the mild increase in depressive symptoms in patients taking 5-HT-potentiating drugs.
An Extremely Simple Authorship Attribution System

In this paper we present a very simple yet effective algorithm for authorship attribution. By this term we mean the act of telling whether a certain text was or was not written by a certain author. We shall not discuss the advantages or applications of this activity, but we propose a method for doing it in an automatic and instantaneous way, neither considering the language of the texts nor undertaking any kind of text preprocessing like tokenization or part of speech tagging. We have conducted an experiment that shows how authorship attribution can be seen as a text categorization problem. That is to say, each author represents a category and the documents are the elements to be classified. Text categorization has became a very popular issue in computational linguistics and it has developed to great complexity, motivating a huge amount of literature. However, in this article we show a basic method applied to authorship attribution. This program is language independent because it uses purely mathematical knowledge: an n-gram model of texts. It works in a very simple way and is therefore easy to modify. In spite of its simplicity, this program is capable of classifying documents by author obtaining more than 90% of accuracy. As an example, we present an experiment carried out with a rather homogeneous corpus composed of 100 short newspaper articles (around 400 words each) from 5 different authors. As a final comment, it is worth saying that this system can be used as a general purpose document classifier, for example by content instead of authorship, because it only reproduces the criterion that it learned during the training phase.
Does the application of tape influence quadriceps sensorimotor function in knee osteoarthritis?

OBJECTIVES Using additional data from two previously reported studies, the aim was to determine the effects of immediate and short-term continuous (3 weeks) application of knee tape on quadriceps sensorimotor function in individuals with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS A within-subjects study (n = 18) and a randomized controlled trial (n = 87) were performed using community volunteers. Therapeutic tape (patellar realignment and soft-tissue unloading) was compared with control (placebo) tape and no tape. Outcome measures included knee joint position sense, isometric quadriceps strength and electromyographic quadriceps onset during stair descent. RESULTS Application of therapeutic tape worsened joint position sense (variable error) at a knee angle of 40 degrees (P < 0.01), but did not immediately alter any other sensorimotor parameter. Even after 3 weeks of wearing tape continuously, sensorimotor function was not altered. Furthermore, no differential effect of tape was noted when participants were dichotomized into those with poor and good sensorimotor scores at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Neither immediate application nor continuous use of tape (for 3 weeks) appears to influence sensorimotor function in people with knee OA. Alterations in sensorimotor function cannot explain the pain-relieving effects of therapeutic tape observed in this population.
Slow-Wave Sleep Estimation for Healthy Subjects and OSA Patients Using R–R Intervals

We developed an automatic slow-wave sleep (SWS) detection algorithm that can be applied to groups of healthy subjects and patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This algorithm detected SWS based on autonomic activations derived from the heart rate variations of a single sensor. An autonomic stability, which is an SWS characteristic, was evaluated and quantified using R–R intervals from an electrocardiogram (ECG). The thresholds and the heuristic rule to determine SWS were designed based on the physiological backgrounds for sleep process and distribution across the night. The automatic algorithm was evaluated based on a fivefold cross validation using data from 21 healthy subjects and 24 patients with OSA. An epoch-by-epoch (30 s) analysis showed that the overall Cohen's kappa, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of our method were 0.56, 89.97%, 68.71%, and 93.75%, respectively. SWS-related information, including SWS duration (min) and percentage (%), were also calculated. A significant correlation in these parameters was found between automatic and polysomnography scorings. Compared with similar methods, the proposed algorithm convincingly discriminated SWS from non-SWS. The simple method using only R–R intervals has the potential to be utilized in mobile and wearable devices that can easily measure this information. Moreover, when combined with other sleep staging methods, the proposed method is expected to be applicable to long-term sleep monitoring at home and ambulatory environments.