Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cyclin D 1 Overexpression Is a Critical Event in Gallbladder Carcinogenesis and Independently Predicts Decreased Survival for Patients with Gallbladder Carcinoma 1

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that cyclin D1 overexpression is involved in the multistep process of gallbladder carcinogenesis and can be used to predict poor prognosis for patients with gallbladder carcinoma (GBC). Cyclin D1 expression was examined immunohistochemically in a series of specimens, including 8 normal epithelia, 8 benign adenomyoma lesions, 6 precancerous adenomas, and 37 carcinomas of the gallbladder. Four of the 6 (67%) adenomas and 15 of the 37 (41%) adenocarcinomas demonstrated cyclin D1 overexpression (>5% nuclear staining), whereas all normal epithelia and adenomyoma lesions were negative for cyclin D1. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that cyclin D1 overexpression was significantly related to decreased overall survival ( P < 0.05) in patients with GBCs. The Cox proportional hazards model identified cyclin D1 overexpression as an independent prognostic marker for death (P 5 0.024; risk ratio, 4.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–14.7). To test whether cyclin D1 overexpression is a critical event in gallbladder neoplasms, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 was introduced to ascertain how cyclin D1 affects clinical outcomes. Subsequently, neoplasms were divided into three groups on the basis of the combination of cyclin D1 expression and p27 status, which had been determined previously. Group 1 showed no abnormality in either cyclin D1 or p27 expression. Group 2 showed aberrant expression of one of the two proteins, whereas group 3 showed concurrent abnormalities in both proteins. Results indicated that overall survival was greatest in group 1, followed by a significant decrease in group 2 and a more precipitous decrease in group 3. In conclusion, cyclin D1 overexpression is an early event in gallbladder carcinogenesis and independently predicts decreased survival for patients with GBC.
Automatic classification of written descriptions by healthy adults: An overview of the application of natural language processing and machine learning techniques to clinical discourse analysis

Discourse production is an important aspect in the evaluation of brain-injured individuals. We believe that studies comparing the performance of brain-injured subjects with that of healthy controls must use groups with compatible education. A pioneering application of machine learning methods using Brazilian Portuguese for clinical purposes is described, highlighting education as an important variable in the Brazilian scenario. Objective The aims were to describe how to: (i) develop machine learning classifiers using features generated by natural language processing tools to distinguish descriptions produced by healthy individuals into classes based on their years of education; and (ii) automatically identify the features that best distinguish the groups. Methods The approach proposed here extracts linguistic features automatically from the written descriptions with the aid of two Natural Language Processing tools: Coh-Metrix-Port and AIC. It also includes nine task-specific features (three new ones, two extracted manually, besides description time; type of scene described – simple or complex; presentation order – which type of picture was described first; and age). In this study, the descriptions by 144 of the subjects studied in Toledo18 were used,which included 200 healthy Brazilians of both genders. Results and Conclusion A Support Vector Machine (SVM) with a radial basis function (RBF) kernel is the most recommended approach for the binary classification of our data, classifying three of the four initial classes. CfsSubsetEval (CFS) is a strong candidate to replace manual feature selection methods.
A Nonstandard Dynamically Consistent Numerical Scheme Applied to Obesity Dynamics

The obesity epidemic is considered a health concern of paramount importance in modern society. In this work, a nonstandard finite difference scheme has been developed with the aim to solve numerically a mathematical model for obesity population dynamics. This interacting population model represented as a system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations is used to analyze, understand, and predict the dynamics of obesity populations. The construction of the proposed discrete scheme is developed such that it is dynamically consistent with the original differential equations model. Since the total population in this mathematical model is assumed constant, the proposed scheme has been constructed to satisfy the associated conservation law and positivity condition. Numerical comparisons between the competitive nonstandard scheme developed here and Euler's method show the effectiveness of the proposed nonstandard numerical scheme. Numerical examples show that the nonstandard difference scheme methodology is a good option to solve numerically different mathematical models where essential properties of the populations need to be satisfied in order to simulate the real world.
Automatic Mutual Exclusion

We propose a new concurrent programming model, Automatic Mutual Exclusion (AME). In contrast to lock-based programming, and to other programming models built over software transactional memory (STM), we arrange that all shared state is implicitly protected unless the programmer explicitly specifies otherwise. An AME program is composed from serializable atomic fragments. We include features allowing the programmer to delimit and manage the fragments to achieve appropriate program structure and performance. We explain how I/O activity and legacy code can be incorporated within an AME program. Finally, we outline ways in which future work might expand on these ideas. The resulting programming model makes it easier to write correct code than incorrect code. It favors correctness over performance for simple programs, while allowing advanced programmers the expressivity they need.
Intersubject variability of foveal cone photoreceptor density in relation to eye length.

PURPOSE Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) under optimized wavefront correction allows for routine imaging of foveal cone photoreceptors. The intersubject variability of foveal cone density was measured and its relation to eye length evaluated. METHODS AOSLO was used to image 18 healthy eyes with axial lengths from 22.86 to 28.31 mm. Ocular biometry and an eye model were used to estimate the retinal magnification factor. Individual cones in the AOSLO images were labeled, and the locations were used to generate topographic maps representing the spatial distribution of density. Representative retinal (cones/mm(2)) and angular (cones/deg(2)) cone densities at specific eccentricities were calculated from these maps. RESULTS The entire foveal cone mosaic was resolved in four eyes, whereas the cones within 0.03 mm eccentricity remained unresolved in most eyes. The preferred retinal locus deviated significantly (P < 0.001) from the point of peak cone density for all except one individual. A significant decrease in retinal density (P < 0.05) with increasing axial length was observed at 0.30 mm eccentricity but not closer. Longer, more myopic eyes generally had higher angular density near the foveal center than the shorter eyes, but by 1°, this difference was nullified by retinal expansion, and so angular densities across all eyes were similar. CONCLUSIONS The AOSLO can resolve the smallest foveal cones in certain eyes. Although myopia causes retinal stretching in the fovea, its effect within the foveola is confounded by factors other than cone density that have high levels of intersubject variability.
Sex-Specific Expression of the X-Linked Histone Demethylase Gene Jarid1c in Brain

Jarid1c, an X-linked gene coding for a histone demethylase, plays an important role in brain development and function. Notably, JARID1C mutations cause mental retardation and increased aggression in humans. These phenotypes are consistent with the expression patterns we have identified in mouse brain where Jarid1c mRNA was detected in hippocampus, hypothalamus, and cerebellum. Jarid1c expression and associated active histone marks at its 5′end are high in P19 neurons, indicating that JARID1C demethylase plays an important role in differentiated neuronal cells. We found that XX mice expressed Jarid1c more highly than XY mice, independent of their gonadal types (testes versus ovaries). This increased expression in XX mice is consistent with Jarid1c escape from X inactivation and is not compensated by expression from the Y-linked paralogue Jarid1d, which is expressed at a very low level compared to the X paralogue in P19 cells. Our observations suggest that sex-specific expression of Jarid1c may contribute to sex differences in brain function.
Can we go towards true 3-D architectures?

Thanks to recent technology advances, the exploration of the vertical dimension has been shown to be more than a dream for designers. Among those technologies, the vertical transistor has not been exploited yet. This paper describes a novel implementation of logic gates fully benefiting of nanowire-based vertical transistors embedded within the metal lines. The logic design in this technology is explored and its performance is evaluated. A comparison made on an equivalent technology node shows that our cells reduce area and delay by a factor of 31x and 2x respectively. Large reconfigurable logic circuits have been benchmarked showing an improvement of area and delay by 46% and 48% on average.
Prefetching Hyperlinks

This paper develops a new method for prefetching Web pages into the client cache. Clients send reference information to Web servers, which aggregate the reference information in near-real-time and then disperse the aggregated information to all clients, piggybacked on GET responses. The information indicates how often hyperlink URLs embedded in pages have been previously accessed relative to the embedding page. Based on knowledge about which hyperlinks are generally popular, clients initiate prefetching of the hyperlinks and their embedded images according to any algorithm they prefer. Both client and server may cap the prefetching mechanism's space overhead and waste of network resources due to speculation. The result of these differences is improved prefetching: lower client latency (by 52.3%) and less wasted network bandwidth (24.0%).
Detection of Brucella by Polymerase Chain Reaction in Bovine Fetal and Maternal Tissues

(which included the 3 culture-positive bulls) or in sentinel cattle during 120 days of observation. Negative control sera produced a pale green tint after completion of the color reaction. The positive serum had a dark green tint. All test sera were noticeably lighter than the positive control. Results of this study indicate that pathogenic strains of M. bovis are not commonly found in the eyes of bulls that do not exhibit clinical signs of IBK. Isolation of IBK from whiteeye animals of the youngest group examined suggests a genetic or an age-related susceptibility to infection with M. bovis. The relation of eye pigment and propensity for infection has been previously noted. Failure of transmission among the sentinel animals may suggest some level of herd immunity. Because of the small number of positive cultures and the complete lack of ELISA-positive samples, conclusions could not be made regarding correlation of culture results and ELISA or serum antibody titer or regarding the importance of ocular culture-positive asymptomatic bulls serving as carrier animals. Failure to detect circulating antibody in culture-positive animals in this study demonstrated the difficulty that will be encountered when serologic testing is used for monitoring this disease. Acknowledgement. This work was supported by Alabama line item, Food Animal Health and Disease Research Funds and published as Auburn University Publication No. 2207. 3. Blood DC, Radostits OM: 0000, Infectious keratitis of cattle. In: Veterinary medicine, 7th ed., pp. 697-700. Baillier Tindall, Philadelphia, PA. 4. Brown TF, Adkins TR: 1972, Relationship of feeding activity of face fly (Musca autumnalis DeGreer) to production of keratoconjunctivitis in calves. Am J Vet Res 33:2551-2555. 5. Chandler RL, Baptista PJ, Turfrey B: 1979, Studies on the pathogenicity of Moraxella bovis in relation to infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. J Comp Pathol 89:441-448. 6. George LW: 1984, Clinical infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. Compend Cont Ed 6:S713-S724. 7. Hughes DE, Pugh GW: 1970, A five-year study of bovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis in a beef herd. Am Vet Med Assoc 157:443-451. 8. Hughes DE, Pugh GW, McDonald TJ: 1965, Ultraviolet radiation and Moraxella bovis in the etiology of bovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis. Am J Vet Res 26:1331-1338. 9. Pugh GW, Hughes DE: 1972, Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: Moraxella bovis as the sole etiologic agent in winter epizootic. J Am Vet Med Assoc 161:481-486. 10. Pugh GW, Hughes DE: 1976, Experimental production of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: comparison of serological and immunological response using pili fractions of Moraxella bovis. Can J Comp Med 40:60-66. 11. Pugh GW, Hughes DE, McDonald TJ: 1966, The isolation and characterization of Moraxella bovis. Am Vet Med Assoc 17: 957-962. 12. Pugh GW, McDonald TJ, Kopecky KE: 1980, IBK: effects of vaccination on Moraxella bovis carrier state in cattle. Am J Vet
Anaemia and veal calf production

Calves have been raised for veal on liquid diets containing different amounts of iron. A concentration of 25-30 mg soluble iron/kg dietary dry matter provided sufficient haemaglobin for normal appetite, growth and oxygen transport, and also produced carcases light coloured enough for the veal trade. When anaemia was induced in calves or sheep the first measurable response from the animals was a fall in appetite which provided a more sensitive indicator than more complicated physiological or biochemical measurements.
Reconstruction of Weak Quasi Hopf Algebras

All rational semisimple braided tensor categories are representation categories of weak quasi Hopf algebras. To proof this result we construct for any given category of this kind a weak quasi tensor functor to the category of finite dimensional vector spaces. This allows to reconstruct a weak quasi Hopf algebra with the given category as its representation category.
Expression of the Bovine Leukemia Virus Envelope Glycoprotein (gp51) by Recombinant Baculovirus and Its Use in an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

ABSTRACT The gene encoding the major envelope glycoprotein (gp51) with its signal sequence, represented by an additional NH2-terminal 33-residue amino acid sequence of bovine leukemia virus (BLV), was inserted into a baculovirus transfer vector. A recombinant virus expressing a secreted gp51 protein in insect cells was isolated. The recombinant gp51 expressed was characterized by using an anti-BLV monoclonal antibody by both Western blotting analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The secreted gp51 was used as an antigen, and an ELISA with recombinant gp51 (rgp51) was developed for the detection of BLV antibodies. This new procedure was compared with a previous ELISA method for the detection of BLV antibodies and an agar gel immunodiffusion test performed with an unpurified BLV antigen preparation. The comparative testing of field samples showed that the ELISA with rgp51 is more specific and also suitable for the testing of pooled sera.
A Method of Detecting and Recognizing Speed-limit Signs

This paper proposes a novel speed-limit sign detection and recognition method by using only gray-level information. This method has a real-time processing ability to remind drivers about the speed limit when they are driving on roads, and it contains four main processing modules: speed-limit sign detection, speed-limit sign segmentation, speed-limit sign recognition and system integration. For detecting speed limit signs, both Adaboost and Circular Hough Transform (CHT) are used. For recognizing speed-limit signs, Support Vector Machine is applied and a high recognition performance up to 97.02% is achieved in our experiments. By integrating the four processing modules efficiently, a high efficient speed-limit sign detection and recognition system has been developed.
Stochastically Constrained Simulation Optimization On Integer-Ordered Spaces : The cgR-SPLINE Algorithm

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Efficacy and adverse effects of ketamine as an additive for paediatric caudal anaesthesia: a quantitative systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND The aim of this quantitative systematic review was to assess the efficacy and adverse effects of ketamine added to caudal local anaesthetics in comparison with local anaesthetics alone in children undergoing urological, lower abdominal, or lower limb surgery. METHODS The systematic search, data extraction, critical appraisal, and pooled data analysis were performed according to the PRISMA statement. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this meta-analysis and relative risk (RR), mean difference (MD), and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the Revman(®) statistical software for dichotomous and continuous outcomes. RESULTS Thirteen RCTs (published between 1991 and 2008) including 584 patients met the inclusion criteria. There was a significant longer time to first analgesic requirements in patients receiving ketamine in addition to a local anaesthetic compared with a local anaesthetic alone (MD: 5.60 h; 95% CI: 5.45-5.76; P<0.00001). There was a lower RR for the need of rescue analgesia in children receiving a caudal regional anaesthesia with ketamine in addition to local anaesthetics (RR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.44-1.15; P=0.16). CONCLUSIONS Caudally administered ketamine, in addition to a local anaesthetic, provides prolonged postoperative analgesia with few adverse effects compared with local anaesthetics alone. There is a clear benefit of caudal ketamine, but the uncertainties about neurotoxicity relating to the dose of ketamine, single vs repeated doses and the child's age, still need to be clarified for use in clinical practice.
Design and realization of a knowledge-based framework for personalized home healthcare systems

This paper proposes an integrated knowledge-based framework to design an intelligent personalized home healthcare system. To support numerous healthcare tasks according to individuals with many personalized services, this system integrates an efficient rule-based inference mechanism and flexible knowledge rules for determining efficiently and rapidly the necessary physiological and medication treatment procedures. Based on several key techniques realization and integration, the proposed system can support the extensible, customizable, and configurable demands of the ubiquitous healthcare systems to meet the different demands of patients and caregivers under various rehabilitation and nursing conditions. Finally, our experimental evaluations show the feasibility and validness of human-system interaction in a home testing environment.
Prescribing errors - what's the story?

Although prescribing errors are one of the most common causes of preventable iatrogenic injury, there have been relatively few studies of their incidence and causes. The majority of the studies that have been carried out have been based in secondary care. This paper reviews what is currently known about prescribing errors. It is suggested that prescribing errors occur in at least 1-2% of all medication orders written, cause harm in about 1% of admissions, and have a wide range of causes. Organisation-wide interventions and cultural changes are likely to be required to prevent them. However, useful first steps suggested include reporting prescribing errors identified, formally reviewing pharmacists’ interventions and developing increased ‘error awareness’ amongst all health care professionals.
The case for a holistic consideration of internet control

With the Internet rapidly becoming a ubiquitous and global tool inveigling all spheres of our lives so with the joys and pleasure comes the pain. There are many reasons why governments, institutions, organisations, families and individuals may want to restrict access and attempt to control its use. This paper suggests that approaches to Internet control are all too often one dimensional - for example, considering political expediency without regard to ethical considerations or providing technical solutions without considering social implications. We suggest a holistic approach unifying the technical and the cultural and propose a global standard and generic model that can be adapted to context and with regard to the community of use.
Development of the airway intraepithelial dendritic cell network in the rat from class II major histocompatibility (Ia)-negative precursors: differential regulation of Ia expression at different levels of the respiratory tract

The relative inefficiency of respiratory mucosal immune function during infancy is generally attributed to the immaturity of the neonatal T cell system. However, immune competence in the adult lung has recently been shown to be closely linked to the functional capacity of local networks of intraepithelial dendritic cells (DC). This study examines the density and distribution of these DC throughout the neonatal respiratory tract in rats, focusing particularly on microenvironmental regulation of their class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (Ia) expression. In animals housed under dust-controlled conditions, airway epithelial and alveolar Ia+ DC detectable by immunostaining with the monoclonal antibody (mAb) Ox6 are usually not seen until day 2-3 after birth, and adult-equivalent staining patterns are not observed until after weaning. In contrast, the mAb Ox62 detects large numbers of DC in fetal, infant, and adult rat airway epithelium. Costaining of these Ox62+ DC with Ox6 is rare in the neonate and increases progressively throughout infancy, and by weaning Ia+ DC comprised, on average, 65% of the overall intraepithelial DC population. In infant rats, Ia+ DC are observed first at the base of the nasal turbinates, sites of maximum exposure to inhaled particulates, suggesting that their maturation is driven in part by inflammatory stimuli. Consistent with this suggestion, densitometric analysis of Ia staining intensity of individual DC demonstrates that by 2-3 d after birth, Ia expression by nasal epithelial DC was comparable with that of Iahigh epidermal Langerhans cells in adjacent facial skin, at a time when expression by tracheal epithelial DC was 7-10-fold lower. Additionally, the rate of postnatal appearance of Iahigh DC in the airway epithelium was increased by administration of interferon gamma, and decreased by exposure of infant rats to aerosolized steroid. These findings collectively suggest that Ia expression by neonatal respiratory tract DC is locally controlled and can be upregulated by mediators that are produced within the lung and airway epithelium in response to inhalation of proinflammatory stimuli. It was also noted that Ialow neonatal airway DC expressed adult equivalent levels of class I MHC, which suggests differences in capacity to prime for CD8(+)-dependent versus CD4(+)-dependent immunity to inhaled pathogens, during the early postnatal period.