Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis of Threshold Selection in Energy Detector Working Over Noise Uncertainty Cahnnel for Cognitive Radio Networks

: In this paper,noise uncertainty and its effect on energy detector performance were studied in more depth. Further, we are motivated to decide the optimal threshold atlow SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) in such a way where we can jointly achieve both sensing matrices (P FA =0.1 and P D =0:9)and provided better sensing performance in comparison to that of the traditional constant false-alarm rate CFAR and constantdetection rate (CDR) threshold selection approaches. Further, we have illustrated that at low SNR, the proposed optimalthreshold selection approach has provided better throughput as compare to that of the threshold selected by traditional CDRapproach.
Effects of Cross-Fit Trainings on Body Composition and Some Physical Parameters in Sedentary Men

Purpose: Body composition and some physical parameters of 12-week Cross-Fit training intensity in sedentary male individuals; Changes in body composition, heart rate, blood pressure, flexibility, endurance, and maximal strength were examined. Tool and Method: This study is in a private sports center operating in Çankırı, between the dates of 01 March - 31 May (12 weeks) in 2019, between the ages of 18-54 years (average age is 40.73 ± 10.43 years, height is 177.93 ± 5.61 cm) 15 healthy adult men who did not do sports during the last 6 months participated and 12-week Cross-Fit training was done. The time set for training is 90 minutes. The participants were trained 4 days a week (Monday, Wednesday, Friday-Sunday) between 20:00 and 21:30. All the tests made to the participants were made between 08:30 and 12:00 in the morning, one day before and one day after the training programs. Statistical analysis of the findings obtained from the test results was determined by using the SPSS 25.0 for Windows package program. The subject group included in the study was analyzed at 0.05 significance level by using the reason for “Paired Samples T Test” to compare the results obtained after the measurements and to determine the significance levels of the differences between the averages (Samples were compared with the pre-post test). Results: In the light of the data obtained, it was observed that there was a statistically significant difference in the variables (body composition, cardiovascular measurements, physical measurements, maximal force measurements) in all values measured and measured (pretest-posttest). It is thought that; functional training, which is one of the determinants of these differences, is effective on the body composition of the sedentary men and some physical parameters, and the necessary training should be given to functional training activities in regularly planned and created training contents.
Direct Mappings under the Lens of Information Capacity (Extended Abstract)

With the rising popularity of graph-based approaches to data management, exposing the content of traditional, often relational, sources as (knowledge) graphs becomes more and more relevant. In such scenarios, Direct Mapping approaches are often used to automatically transform such sources into graph-like formats. A “fundamental” property of these transformations is to be information preserving , that is, it should be always possible to (algorithmically) reconstruct the content of the original database. Information preservation, along with other “fundamental” or “desirable” properties proposed in the Semantic Web literature, has never been put into correspondence with over 40 years of extended literature coming from the traditional database perspective. In particular, to the best of our knowledge, it is unknown how classical results on information capacity, dominance, and equivalence, tailored towards specific tasks such as query answering or data update, relate to the results and definitions from the Semantic Web world.
Nitrogen deposition and Natura 2000: Science and practice in determining environmental impacts

This book reviews the evidence from across Europe that confirms nitrogen deposition as a major threat to European biodiversity, especially on the Natura 2000, including sensitive habitats and species listed under the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC). It documents the information presented and discussed at an international workshop on ‘Natura 2000 and Nitrogen Deposition’, held in Brussels in May 2009, to review new evidence of nitrogen impacts, develop best practices when conducting assessments, and recommend options for consideration in future policy development. The workshop was attended by 73 scientists, conservation practitioners and policy makers from 13 countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Netherlands and the UK. Delegates included representatives from the European Commission DG Environment, and Government departments from EU member states. The workshop focused on 5 main themes: 1. Comparison of impact assessment and decision making approaches to determine the N deposition impacts of plans and projects in the context of Habitats Directive Article 6.3 obligations. 2. Comparison of approaches to assessing and reporting N deposition impacts on conservation status (Habitats Directive Article 17) and discussion of harmonising approaches for future reporting rounds. 3. New science on the effects of N deposition and concentrations on Natura 2000 sites, including bio-indicators, effects of N-form (e.g., NHx vs NOy), and the relationships between critical thresholds and biodiversity loss. 4. Approaches to modelling local N deposition and concentrations in the regulatory context of Natura 2000. 5. Options for future policy development to manage and mitigate the impacts of N deposition effects on the Natura 2000 network.
On the Hardness of Learning to Stabilize Linear Systems

Inspired by the work of Tsiamis et al. [1], in this paper we study the statistical hardness of learning to stabilize linear time-invariant systems. Hardness is measured by the number of samples required to achieve a learning task with a given probability. The work in [1] shows that there exist system classes that are hard to learn to stabilize with the core reason being the hardness of identification. Here we present a class of systems that can be easy to identify, thanks to a non-degenerate noise process that excites all modes, but the sample complexity of stabilization still increases exponentially with the system dimension. We tie this result to the hardness of co-stabilizability for this class of systems using ideas from robust control.
Ordinal and nominal classi(cid:12)cation of wind speed from synoptic pressure patterns I

Wind speed reconstruction is a challenging problem in areas (mainly wind farms) where there are not direct wind measures available. Di(cid:11)erent approaches have been applied to this reconstruction, such as measure-correlate-predict algorithms, approaches based on physical models such as reanalysis methods, or more recently, indirect measures such as pressure, and its relation to wind speed. This paper adopts the latter method, and deals with wind speed estimation in wind farms from pressure measures, but including different novelties in the problem treatment. Existing synoptic pressure-based indirect approaches for wind speed estimation are based on considering the wind speed as a continuous target variable, estimating then the corresponding wind series of continuous values. However, the exact wind speed is not always needed by wind farms managers, and a general idea of the level of speed is, in the majority of cases, enough to set functional operations for the farm (such as wind turbines stop, for example). Moreover, the accuracy of
n° 2004-20 Competition, Incomplete Discrimination and Versioning

Producers of software viewers commonly oﬀer basic versions of their products for free while more sophisticated versions are highly priced, thereby providing less attractive or lower valuations consumers with larger utility levels. We give some foundations to this outcome called versioning. We consider a duopoly in which ﬁrms oﬀer diﬀerentiated goods to a representative consumer; the buyer has distinct marginal valuations for the quality of the products; each producer perfectly knows the consumer’s taste for its own product, but remains uninformed about its taste for the rival’s product. When each product cannot be purchased in isolation of the other one, a phenomenon of endogenous preferences arises since a ﬁrm’s oﬀer to the consumer depends on the information unknown by the rival ﬁrm. Multiple equilibria emerge and the consumer’s rent increases with his valuation for one product and decreases with the valuation for the other product. By contrast, when each product can be purchased in isolation of the other one, at the unique equilibrium consumers with larger valuations for a product earn higher rents. The analysis is undertaken under two alternative pricing policies: in the partially-discri-minatory case, producers make use of the known information only; in the fully-discriminatory case, each producer second-degree price discriminates the consumer according to the unknown information. We show that, sometimes, ﬁrms prefer partial to full discrimination, i.e., strategic ignorance of consumers’ tastes for the rival brand softens competition.
Towards scalable optimal trafﬁc control

—This paper deals with scalable control of trafﬁc lights in urban trafﬁc networks. Optimization is done in real time, so as to take into account variable trafﬁc demands. At each cycle of the trafﬁc lights, the optimization concerns time instants where each trafﬁc light starts and ends its green phase: this allows to describe both the duty-cycle and the phase shifts. First, we formulate a global optimization problem, which can be cast as a mixed-integer linear program. To overcome the complexity of this centralized approach, we also propose a decentralized suboptimal algorithm, whose simplicity allows on-line implementation. Simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.
Developing effective ground and space-based soil moisture sensing techniques for irrigating cotton in coastal plain soils

effort on revising my paper. I would also like to thank Dr. their excellence in handling all of my administrative needs. I would like to thank fellow graduate students Philip Williams, Nick Rogers, and Reid Miller for their help on this project along with Mr. Richard Hallman for his help at the Edisto REC completing the research. The research work would not have been possible without the endless summer help of Thomas. My appreciation also goes to the faculty and staff at the Edisto Research and Education Center for their help and support with the everyday challenges that occurred throughout the research. I would like to thank Rebecca Davis, for being a true friend over the years since I started my graduate study in Blackville. My appreciation also goes to my neighbors, Ruben Torres and, soon to be Mrs. Torres, Rosario Curiel-Cervantes, for treating me like family and making me feel at home in a foreign country. iv I would like to specially thank Ms. Weizhen Liang, for keeping me company when writing my dissertation, and helping me see the beauty in things. Figure 1.15 Watermark 950R receiver installed in field (A); 950R receiver and battery component (B); solar panel charging regulator (C); Power is supplied through the bottom two terminals in 950R receiver Figure 1.20 Daily solar radiation (black dots) with running average (red line) at experimental field in three growing seasons. Figure 1.21 Daily maximum relative humidity (red dots) and minimum relative humidity (blue dots) at experimental field in three growing seasons. Figure 1.22 Daily average wind speed (black dots) and running average (red line) at experimental field in three growing seasons.
Screening and Characterization of Protease Producing Bacteria from Raw Milk Sample

The purpose of the current research was to screen, characterize and isolate protease producing bacteria from raw milk sample. Initially, the raw milk sample was spread on nutrient agar, at 35oC for 20 hrs. Four bacterial colonies of different morphology for further study. Among these, M-4 colony were selected and isolate produced highest protease activity and was identified as Proteus mirabilis by morphological and biochemical tests. Moreover, various physiological characters were also studied such as pH, temperature, carbon source and nitrogen sources. The bacteria showed maximum activity at pH 7, temperature requirement is 35oC, lactose as a carbon source and potassium nitrate as a nitrogen source respectively. At the end, enzyme activity assay was done by using well diffusion method. Microbial proteases which are environmentally friendly are interestingly used for their commercial importance.
The Quality of Assessment for Learning score for evaluating written feedback in anesthesiology postgraduate medical education: a generalizability and decision study

Background Competency based residency programs depend on high quality feedback from the assessment of entrustable professional activities (EPA). The Quality of Assessment for Learning (QuAL) score is a tool developed to rate the quality of narrative comments in workplace-based assessments; it has validity evidence for scoring the quality of narrative feedback provided to emergency medicine residents, but it is unknown whether the QuAL score is reliable in the assessment of narrative feedback in other postgraduate programs. Methods Fifty sets of EPA narratives from a single academic year at our competency based medical education post-graduate anesthesia program were selected by stratified sampling within defined parameters [e.g. resident gender and stage of training, assessor gender, Competency By Design training level, and word count (≥17 or <17 words)]. Two competency committee members and two medical students rated the quality of narrative feedback using a utility score and QuAL score. We used Kendall’s tau-b co-efficient to compare the perceived utility of the written feedback to the quality assessed with the QuAL score. The authors used generalizability and decision studies to estimate the reliability and generalizability coefficients. Results Both the faculty’s utility scores and QuAL scores (r = 0.646, p < 0.001) and the trainees’ utility scores and QuAL scores (r = 0.667, p < 0.001) were moderately correlated. Results from the generalizability studies showed that utility scores were reliable with two raters for both faculty (Epsilon=0.87, Phi=0.86) and trainees (Epsilon=0.88, Phi=0.88). Conclusions The QuAL score is correlated with faculty- and trainee-rated utility of anesthesia EPA feedback. Both faculty and trainees can reliability apply the QuAL score to anesthesia EPA narrative feedback. This tool has the potential to be used for faculty development and program evaluation in Competency Based Medical Education. Other programs could consider replicating our study in their specialty.
Chemical composition, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and inhibitor alpha-glucosidase enzyme of Sargassum sp.

Sargassum sp. has the potential to be a source of bioactive components. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity of Sargassum sp. extract. The exploratory research method involved extracting Sargassum sp. for 72 h using solvents of different polarities. The chemical composition of Sargassum sp. was analyzed using parameter analysis as well as the identification of phytochemicals and total phenolics. Antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH method as well as inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme activity. The chemical composition of Sargassum sp. was found to be 15.67, 17.56, 13.46, 0.6, 57.82, and 13.62% moisture content, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrates (by difference), and total crude fiber, respectively. The bioactive compounds of Sargassum sp. include saponins and phenolic compounds that were extracted with methanol (617.778 GAE/100 g) and ethyl acetate (309.55 GAE/100 g). The antioxidant activity with IC50 value of Sargassum sp. extract successively extracted 648.33 mg/mL of methanol, 864.22 mg/mL of ethyl acetate, and 884 mg/mL of n-hexane. Sargassum sp. extract inhibited the activity of α-glucosidase enzyme methanol extract (9.44–0.35%), n-hexane extract (11.72–0.46%), and ethyl acetate did not. Except for the ethyl-acetate extract, Sargassum sp. extract has antioxidant and enzyme α-glucosidase inhibitor properties.
Full-Duplex Multiuser Wireless Information and Power Transfer With a Multistage Nonlinear Rectifier Energy Harvesting Model

This letter investigates radio resource allocation for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer between a full-duplex (FD) multiantenna access point (AP) and multiple half-duplex (HD) single-antenna energy harvesting (EH) user equipment devices (UEs). The EH model of an advanced multistage rectifier circuit design is derived and used for radio resource allocation. To account for both downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) traffic for each of the HD UEs, alternating DL and UL communication phases between two UE groups are considered. We use the weighted minimum mean squared error approach to develop an iterative algorithm to maximize the system sum rate, utilizing optimal receive and transmit beamformers.
Impact of Brand Equity on Purchase Intentions of Customers in Insurance Industry of Pakistan

Insurance firms play an important role in an economyâ€™s growth and development and are key financial institutions that are critical for the success of other companies. They provide stability to both individuals and businesses by agreeing to bear the financial liability of insured parties. However, in Pakistan, the share of insurance towards GDP is significantly lower than in similar developing countries. Thus, we have developed a model that can help the insurance sector improve its image and sustainability. We collected the data from five major cities of Pakistan based on pre-developed questionnaires. The study has a useable sample size of 424. We found that Brand Attitude (BA) and Customer Satisfaction (CS) promote Brand Equity (BE) and Purchase Intention (PI). Further, BE is a determinant of PI. However, brand image has contradicting effects. On the one hand, Brand Image (BI) does not affect BE, but on the other hand, BI has a significant association with PI. The results also suggest that BI, BE, and CS mediates BA and PI. Also, BI and CS affect BE. However, BE does not mediate BI and PI, but BI mediates CS and purchase intentions.
A global review of the American mink (Neovison vison) removal techniques - Patagonia as a case study for their potential application

American mink ( Neovison vison ) represents a threat to both biodiversity and economy in various regions of the world, including Patagonia. This invasive species has been successfully removed from many areas of Europe. In Chile and Argentina there have been only patchily distributed attempts of local control to date and large-scale removal has been considered unfeasible. We analyzed available scientific information, to determine best-fit strategies and improved methodologies that increase efficiency (capture per unit of effort) in American mink control. We reviewed published papers about programs that aimed at local control, functional or total eradication of minks in the Web of Science (WoS) database. Based on accessible information, the influence of some field variables on capture efficiency was determined through a General Lineal Model. From 1525 results in the WoS search, 51 papers refer to mink control action carried out in 28 areas of Europe and South America since 1992. Trapping has been the most used and efficient capture method. Short trapping periods that cover larger lineal distances per control program, and the use of attractants, specifically pheromones, have led to improved control efficiency. Chilean, Scottish and English experiences showed among the highest trapping efficiency values. We identify areas of research needed on mink ecology and behavior and trapping techniques that could improve trapping efficiency. A control program that incorporates the outcomes of this data assessment has the potential to improve feral mink removal. But further research is required to ensure that these efficiency measures result in cost-effective control in Patagonia.
Marchenko Imaging Below an Overburden with Random Scatterers

Marchenko imaging is a new way to deal with internal multiple scattering in migration. It has been designed for layered media with smooth interfaces. Here we analyze the performance of the Marchenko scheme for a medium with many point scatterers. Although the conditions for Marchenko imaging are violated, we observe from a numerical experiment that the signal-to-noise ratio of the obtained image is significantly higher than with standard imaging.
Multiyear lidar and satellite sensing of the atmosphere: stratospheric and tropospheric ozone profiles

In this work we compare the lidar and satellite measurements of the vertical distribution of ozone concentration in the upper troposphere – stratosphere (in the altitude range of 5-45 km), obtained using lidar complex and Aura, MetOp, and Suomi satellites. Measurements over 2021 and 2022 are demonstrated. The lidar measurements are used to compile the two-year empirical model of the ozone vertical distribution.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of loratadine combined with montelukast for the treatment of allergic rhinitis

Background: Loratadine and montelukast are clinical first-line drugs in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). However, there is no clear evidence of the efficacy of loratadine combined with montelukast in the treatment of AR. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the loratadine-montelukast combination on AR. Methods: In this meta-analysis, searches were conducted on PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The search terms included loratadine, montelukast, allergic rhinitis, and clinical trials. Meta-analyses were conducted using Rev Man 5.3 and Stata 15 statistical software. Results: A total of 23 studies with 4,902 participants were enrolled. For the primary outcome, pooled results showed that loratadine-montelukast can significantly reduce total nasal symptom scores (TNSS), when compared with loratadine (SMD, −1.00; 95% CI, −1.35 to −0.65, p < 0.00001), montelukast (SMD, −0.46; 95% CI, −0.68 to −0.25, p < 0.0001), or placebo (SMD, −0.93; 95% CI, −1.37 to −0.49, p < 0.00001). For secondary outcomes, pooled results showed that compared with loratadine, loratadine-montelukast can significantly improve nasal congestion, nasal itching, nasal sneezing, nasal rhinorrhea, and rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaires (RQLQ). Compared with montelukast, loratadine-montelukast can significantly improve nasal itching, and nasal sneezing. Compared with placebo, loratadine-montelukast can significantly improve nasal congestion, and RQLQ. Conclusion: Loratadine-montelukast combination is superior to loratadine monotherapy, montelukast monotherapy, or placebo in improving AR symptoms. Therefore, loratadine-montelukast combination can be an option for patients with moderate-severe AR or poorly response to monotherapy. Systematic review registration number: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier CRD42023397519.