Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expo Milano 2015: The Institutionalization of Working for Free in Italy

This essay reports on the temporary and unpaid forms of labour around which the 2015 World’s Fair (Expo 2015) in Milan is organized and upon which it depends. The collective agreement supporting Expo 2015 is especially significant, the paper contends, in that it has been seized upon by the government of Matteo Renzi as a blueprint for the future of labour relations in Italy. Expo 2015 ushers in the institutionalization of unpaid work in the crisis-stricken Italian economy—a transformation approved by the major Italian trade unions that signed off on the collective agreement, but forcefully opposed by social movements who have decried the expansion of unpaid work permitted by the contract.
HOW PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE IMPEDES INTERSECTIONAL THINKING1

Abstract Psychological science that examines racial and gender bias, primarily located within social psychology, has tended to discount the ways in which race and gender mutually construct each other. Lay conceptions of racial and gender discrimination tend to see racism as primarily afflicting men and sexism primarily afflicting White women, when in fact race and gender are interrelated and work together intersectionally. Ignoring women's experiences of racial discrimination produces androcentric conceptions of racisms—in other words, many definitions of racial discrimination are to some degree sexist (Goff et al., 2008). Similarly, privileging the experiences of White women produces narrow definitions of gender discrimination—in other words, many definitions of gender discrimination are to some degree racist, such that they serve to reinforce the current societal hierarchies. Psychological science sometimes appears to reflect such conceptions. The result is that the social science principally responsible for explaining individual-level biases has developed a body of research that can undervalue the experiences of non-White women (Goff et al., 2008). This article examines features of social psychological science and its research processes to answer a question suggested by this framing: is the current psychological understanding of racism, to some extent, sexist and the understanding of sexism, to some extent, racist? We argue here that the instruments that much of social psychological science uses to measure racial and gender discrimination may play a role in producing inaccurate understandings of racial and gender discrimination. We also present original experimental data to suggest that lay conceptions parallel social psychology's biases: with lay persons also assuming that racism is about Black men and sexism is about White women.2 Finally, we provide some suggestions to increase the inclusivity of psychology's study of discrimination as well as reasons for optimism in this area.
Type 1 diabetes exacerbates blood–brain barrier alterations during experimental epileptic seizures in an animal model

The aim of this study was to perform the effects of diabetes on the permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) during pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)‐induced epileptic attacks. For this propose, the animals were divided into four groups. These groups contained were intact, PTZ‐treated, diabetic and PTZ‐treated diabetic individuals, respectively. To evaluate the functioning of the BBB, Evans blue was used as a BBB permeability indicator, and the expressions of zonula occludens‐1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein involving the functioning of the BBB were determined immunohistochemically. Also, the changes in the release of serum tumour necrosis factor‐alpha and interleukin‐10 and interleukin‐12 were studied by using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method. BBB permeability in the seizures under diabetic conditions showed a considerable increase (p < 0·01) in all of the brain we studied. The immunoreactive staining intensity of zonula occludens‐1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein was found reduced in the brain regions of diabetic rats (p < 0·01). However, the serum level of tumour necrosis factor‐alpha increased in diabetes and diabetes + PTZ groups, and the serum level of interleukin‐12 increased significantly in all experimental groups (p < 0·05). In conclusion, diabetes dramatically increases BBB damage during epileptic seizures, and it may be derived from an elevation of paracellular passage. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Topic Order in Introductory Psychology on Student Achievement, Interest, and Perceived Course Difficulty

My study compared differences in examination scores, students' statements of interest, and perceptions of course difficulty as a function of course topic order. Two sections of introductory psychology were taught by the same instructor in the same room using the same textbook at adjacent class hours. The two classes studied the course topics in an order radically different from each other. Analyses revealed no difference between the groups' mean final examination scores, and failed to detect any relationship between the two topic orders and either student interest or perception of course difficulty. It was concluded that topic order had no effect on either achievement or students' interest and perception of difficulty.
An energy aware heuristic-based routing protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of small nodes equipped with sensing, data processing and radio transmission units. A number of clustering, routing, power management and data aggregation protocols are specially designed for WSNs where energy awareness is an essential design issue. Due to the resource constrained nature of sensor nodes, innovative techniques are required to extend the network lifetime in WSNs. This paper proposes an energy efficient routing protocol to find the forwarding path between source and destination node using heuristic function and A* search algorithm. Simulation results with OMNET++ show that our proposed protocol is efficient in terms of network lifetime, total energy dissipation and message throughput.
Disorders of the calcium-sensing receptor and partner proteins: insights into the molecular basis of calcium homeostasis

The extracellular calcium (Ca2+o)-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a family C G protein-coupled receptor, which detects alterations in Ca2+o concentrations and modulates parathyroid hormone secretion and urinary calcium excretion. The central role of the CaSR in Ca2+o homeostasis has been highlighted by the identification of mutations affecting the CASR gene on chromosome 3q21.1. Loss-of-function CASR mutations cause familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (FHH), whereas gain-of-function mutations lead to autosomal dominant hypocalcaemia (ADH). However, CASR mutations are only detected in ≤70% of FHH and ADH cases, referred to as FHH type 1 and ADH type 1, respectively, and studies in other FHH and ADH kindreds have revealed these disorders to be genetically heterogeneous. Thus, loss- and gain-of-function mutations of the GNA11 gene on chromosome 19p13.3, which encodes the G-protein α-11 (Gα11) subunit, lead to FHH type 2 and ADH type 2, respectively; whilst loss-of-function mutations of AP2S1 on chromosome 19q13.3, which encodes the adaptor-related protein complex 2 sigma (AP2σ) subunit, cause FHH type 3. These studies have demonstrated Gα11 to be a key mediator of downstream CaSR signal transduction, and also revealed a role for AP2σ, which is involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis, in CaSR signalling and trafficking. Moreover, FHH type 3 has been demonstrated to represent a more severe FHH variant that may lead to symptomatic hypercalcaemia, low bone mineral density and cognitive dysfunction. In addition, calcimimetic and calcilytic drugs, which are positive and negative CaSR allosteric modulators, respectively, have been shown to be of potential benefit for these FHH and ADH disorders.
Ways of walking: understanding walking's implications for the design of handheld technology via a humanistic ethnographic approach

It seems logical to argue that mobile computing technologies are intended for use “on-the-go. ” However, on closer inspection, the use of mobile technologies pose a number of challenges for users who are mobile, particularly moving around on foot. In engaging with such mobile technologies and their envisaged development, we argue that interaction designers must increasingly consider a multitude of perspectives that relate to walking in order to frame design problems appropriately. In this paper, we consider a number of perspectives on walking, and we discuss how these may inspire the design of mobile technologies. Drawing on insights from non-representational theory, we develop a partial vocabulary with which to engage with qualities of pedestrian mobility, and we outline how taking more mindful approaches to walking may enrich and inform the design space of handheld technologies.
Construal and Similarity in Conceptual Combination

Abstract Current views of conceptual combination postulate that novel phrases are interpreted by linking one constituent to another via a relation. For example, robin snake might be interpreted as “a snake that eats robins. ” Two studies examined the generality of this relation linking view by examining interpretations of novel noun–noun combinations. The results provide support for the relation linking view but suggest other ways that novel phrases are interpreted. In particular, the first study suggested that people commonly use a strategy called property mapping, in which they assert that a property of the modifier concept is true of the head noun, e.g., interpreting robin snake, as “a snake with a red underbelly. ” A second study showed that high similarity between the two nouns strongly predicts when people will map properties. I propose an extension to current models of conceptual combination in which property mapping is carried out by a comparison process.
The ABO blood group is a trans-species polymorphism in primates

The ABO histo-blood group, the critical determinant of transfusion incompatibility, was the first genetic polymorphism discovered in humans. Remarkably, ABO antigens are also polymorphic in many other primates, with the same two amino acid changes responsible for A and B specificity in all species sequenced to date. Whether this recurrence of A and B antigens is the result of an ancient polymorphism maintained across species or due to numerous, more recent instances of convergent evolution has been debated for decades, with a current consensus in support of convergent evolution. We show instead that genetic variation data in humans and gibbons as well as in Old World monkeys are inconsistent with a model of convergent evolution and support the hypothesis of an ancient, multiallelic polymorphism of which some alleles are shared by descent among species. These results demonstrate that the A and B blood groups result from a trans-species polymorphism among distantly related species and has remained under balancing selection for tens of millions of years—to date, the only such example in hominoids and Old World monkeys outside of the major histocompatibility complex.
Comparative study between Cluster, Grid, Utility, Cloud and Autonomic computing

Autonomic computing was an idea that came to existence because of the great need to its basic concepts, which it's to have available resources, applications that can manage themselves in accordance with high level guidance from humans. The idea of Autonomic computing is not new, but it developed Cloud computing through the years to reach the current situation (Autonomic computing) In this paper there will be an overview for other types of computing beside Autonomic computing to highlight the differences between them, the characteristics and the advantages and disadvantages for each. That comparative will lead to the importance of Autonomic computing and its wide open future
Sudden Cardiac Death After Myocardial Infarction in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With No Residual Myocardial Ischemia

OBJECTIVE Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-established risk factor for coronary artery disease. Nonetheless, it remains unclear whether DM contributes to sudden cardiac death in patients who survive myocardial infarction (MI). The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of sudden cardiac death post-MI in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with no residual myocardial ischemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 610 consecutive post-MI patients referred to a cardiac rehabilitation program with negative exercise stress test were studied. RESULTS Of these, 236 patients had DM at baseline. Over a mean follow-up of 5 years, 67 patients with DM (28.4%) and 76 of 374 patients without DM (20.2%) had died with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.74 (95% CI: 1.28–2.56; P < 0.001). Patients with DM also had a higher incidence of cardiac death (1.84 [1.16–3.21]; P = 0.01), principally due to a higher incidence of sudden cardiac death (2.14 [1.22–4.23]; P < 0.001). Multiple Cox regression analysis revealed that only DM (adjusted HR: 1.9 [95% CI: 1.04–3.40]; P = 0.04), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤30% (3.6 [1.46–8.75]; P < 0.01), and New York Heart Association functional class >II (4.2 [1.87–9.45]; P < 0.01) were independent predictors for sudden cardiac death. Among patients with DM, the 5-year sudden cardiac death rate did not differ significantly among those with LVEF ≤30%, LVEF 31–50%, or LVEF >50% (8.8 vs. 7.8 vs. 6.8%, respectively; P = 0.83). CONCLUSIONS Post-MI patients with DM, even in the absence of residual myocardial ischemia clinically, were at higher risk of sudden cardiac death than their non-DM counterparts.
Distributed denial of service attacks in software-defined networking with cloud computing

Although software-defined networking (SDN) brings numerous benefits by decoupling the control plane from the data plane, there is a contradictory relationship between SDN and distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. On one hand, the capabilities of SDN make it easy to detect and to react to DDoS attacks. On the other hand, the separation of the control plane from the data plane of SDN introduces new attacks. Consequently, SDN itself may be a target of DDoS attacks. In this paper, we first discuss the new trends and characteristics of DDoS attacks in cloud computing environments. We show that SDN brings us a new chance to defeat DDoS attacks in cloud computing environments, and we summarize good features of SDN in defeating DDoS attacks. Then we review the studies about launching DDoS attacks on SDN and the methods against DDoS attacks in SDN. In addition, we discuss a number of challenges that need to be addressed to mitigate DDoS attached in SDN with cloud computing. This work can help understand how to make full use of SDN's advantages to defeat DDoS attacks in cloud computing environments and how to prevent SDN itself from becoming a victim of DDoS attacks.
A Bisimulation-based Method for Proving the Validity of Equations in GSOS Languages

This paper presents a bisimulation-based method for establishing the soundness of equations between terms constructed using operations whose semantics is specified by rules in the GSOS format of Bloom, Istrail and Meyer. The method is inspired by de Simone's FH-bisimilarity and uses transition rules as schematic transitions in a bisimulation-like relation between open terms. The soundness of the method is proven and examples showing its applicability are provided. The proposed bisimulation-based proof method is incomplete, but the article offers some completeness results for restricted classes of GSOS specifications.
MYC and tumor metabolism: chicken and egg

Transcription factors of the MYC family are deregulated in the majority of all human cancers. Oncogenic levels of MYC reprogram cellular metabolism, a hallmark of cancer development, to sustain the high rate of proliferation of cancer cells. Conversely, cells need to modulate MYC function according to the availability of nutrients, in order to avoid a metabolic collapse. Here, we review recent evidence that the multiple interactions of MYC with cell metabolism are mutual and review mechanisms that control MYC levels and function in response to metabolic stress situations. The main hypothesis we put forward is that regulation of MYC levels is an integral part of the adaptation of cells to nutrient deprivation. Since such mechanisms would be particularly relevant in tumor cells, we propose that—in contrast to growth factor‐dependent controls—they are not disrupted during tumorigenesis and that maintaining flexibility of expression is integral to MYC's oncogenic function.
Synthesis and study of anticonvulsant effect of 1-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl) (cyclohexyl)] 4-piperidinol as a new derivative of phencyclidine in PTZ-induced kindling model in male mice

Background and Objective: Epilepsy is a common disease in communities. Since there is no cure for it and current treatments are not effective for every patient, new method for medical treatment of epileptic patients is necessary. As NMDA receptors antagonists are the most prominent anti-epileptic drugs, in this study we synthesized and investigated anti-epileptic effect of a new piperidine derivate 1-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl) (cyclohexyl)] 4-piperidinol as a new NMDA receptors antagonist in chemical kindling model. Materials and Methods: In this study, 48 male mice (NMRI), weighting 25-30 g, were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups (n=12 in each group). 1: PTZ 2: 1-[1-(4-Methoxyphenyl) (Cyclohexyl)] 3: piperidinol and 4: valproic acid (positive control). Chemical kindling was induced by PTZ (35 mg/kg, i.p.) injection 11 times one other days (for 22 days). In challenge dose at day 24, PTZ was applied at 75 mg/kg to the animals. Thirty minutes after PTZ injection, the animals were followed for convulsion scores (0-5). Finally, the mean of convulsion phases, threshold and duration of 2 and 5 phases were considered as data and the statistical analysis was done. Results: Data analysis showed that administration of the new piperidine derivate Methoxy-PCP has a prominent anticonvulsant effect than PCP, especially in reduction of phase 5 duration. Conclusion: The results suggest that administration of the new piperidine derivate, 1-[1-(4-Methoxyphenyl) (Cyclohexyl)] 4-piperidinol could yield a prominent anticonvulsant effect in epilepsy. Regarding changes in conformation of the new drug as a non-competitive antagonist, it may potentially block the NMDA receptors than other piperidine derivates.
The relationship of a self-reported assessment of need in mental illness to insight

Background: UK national mental health policy reform places an increased emphasis on mental health service user participation as an important variable in the assessment of need. A review of mental health need assessment methodologies shows that there are controversies in the definition and assessment of mental health need. This, in part, relates to `poor agreement' and the under-reporting of need by clients compared to key-workers. Aim: To examine the relationship of insight to self-reported needs in an assessment of need situation. Method: One hundred and sixty Community Mental Health Team (CMHT) service users and their respective key-workers participated in a survey design using the Bangor Assessment of Need Profile and The Insight Scale. Results: Data show that people with a mental illness having more insight rate more need and that key-workers continue to rate needs when a person with a mental illness has no insight. Conclusions: It is concluded that measures of insight can be used in order to explore and define the characteristics of people with a mental illness who are `better' able to report their needs compared to those who are `less' able. Declaration of interest: None
Lung Cancer Resection at Hospitals With High vs Low Mortality Rates.

IMPORTANCE Wide variations in mortality rates exist across hospitals following lung cancer resection; however, the factors underlying these differences remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate perioperative outcomes in patients who underwent lung cancer resection at hospitals with very high and very low mortality rates (high-mortality hospitals [HMHs] and low-mortality hospitals [LMHs]) to better understand the factors related to differences in mortality rates after lung cancer resection. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this retrospective cohort study, 1279 hospitals that were accredited by the Commission on Cancer were ranked on a composite measure of risk-adjusted mortality following major cancer resections performed from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2006. We collected data from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2007, on 645 lung resections in 18 LMHs and 25 HMHs. After adjusting for patient characteristics, we used hierarchical logistic regression to examine differences in the incidence of complications and "failure-to-rescue" rates (defined as death following a complication). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Rates of adherence to processes of care, incidence of complications, and failure to rescue following complications. RESULTS Among 645 patients who received lung resections (441 in LMHs and 204 in HMHs), the overall unadjusted mortality rates were 1.6% (n = 7) vs 10.8% (n = 22; P < .001) for LMHs and HMHs, respectively. Following risk adjustment, the difference in mortality rates was attenuated (1.8% vs 8.1%; P < .001) but remained significant. Overall, complication rates were higher in HMHs (23.3% vs 15.6%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.79; 95% CI, 0.99-3.21), but this difference was not significant. The likelihood of any surgical (aOR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.26-2.00) or cardiopulmonary (aOR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.70-2.16) complications was similar between LMHs and HMHs. However, failure-to-rescue rates were significantly higher in HMHs (25.9% vs 8.7%; aOR, 6.55; 95% CI, 1.44-29.88). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Failure-to-rescue rates are higher at HMHs, which may explain the large differences between hospitals in mortality rates following lung cancer resection. This finding emphasizes the need for better understanding of the factors related to complications and their subsequent management.
Gestação do segundo filho: percepções maternas sobre a reação do primogênito

Abstract The present study investigated mothers’ perceptions regarding the reaction of the firstborn to the pregnancy with second child. Eight pregnantwomen, who had one pre-school child and were in the third trimester of pregnancy, participated in the study. A qualitative cont ent analysisof the interviews revealed that the pregnancy and the proximity of childbirth unleashed anxiety and jealousy in the firstborn, accompaniedby demonstrations of joy at the arrival of the sibling. All the children showed attitudes indicative of jealousy, including fea r of losing mothers’attention and affection, as well as signs of aggressiveness towards the mother’s belly. The results suggest that the mother’s p regnancy is anoutstanding event in the life of the firstborn, emphasizing the importance of parental support in this period.Uniterms : Pregnancy. Firstborn. Second child. 1 Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Pro-Reitoria de Assuntos Estudantis. Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitaria, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS,Brasil. Correspondencia para/Correspondence to: C.R. R. FERREIRA.