Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Viking magnetic and electric field observations of Pc 1 waves at high latitudes

Magnetic and electric field fluctuations in the Pc 1 frequency range (0.2-5 Hz) have been observed by the polar-orbiting Viking satellite. The fluctuations, interpreted here as electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves, were observed during 21 of 450 orbits surveyed between 0900 and 1400 MLT, near 3 R{sub E} geocentric altitude, and at invariant latitudes from 59{degree} to 77{degree}. The frequency structure of the waves is investigated, using spectral analysis and by determining the distribution of the wave frequency as a function of invariant latitude. At invariant latitudes from 59{degree} to 72{degree}, EMIC waves were observed in the frequency range below the equatorial He{sup +} gyrofrequency, while from 70{degree} to 77{degree} invariant latitude, EMIC waves were observed in the frequency range above the equatorial He{sup +} gyrofrequency. This latitude structure of the wave frequency is discussed in terms of the linear growth rate dependence of the waves on the heavy ion density, ion anisotropy, and ion energy. The propagation characteristics of these waves were also investigated, using minimum variance analysis and polarization analysis, and by estimating the Poynting flux based on the observed magnetic and electric field. The waves had Poynting vectors directed downward toward Earth and reached magnitudes between 0.01more » and 0.1 erg/cm{sup 2} s. The polarization of the waves was found to vary between linear, left-hand, and right-hand as a function of time or latitude. This variation is interpreted as the structure of spatially localized Pc 1 waves at high latitudes above the ionosphere. « less
In Vitro Testing of Trichomonas vaginalis Drug Susceptibility: Evaluation of Minimal Lethal Concentrations for Metronidazole and Tinidazole That Correspond With Treatment Failure

An evaluation of in vitro drug susceptibility of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates from women who cured or failed treatment with metronidazole or tinidazole. Background The only drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for oral treatment of trichomoniasis belong to the 5-nitroimidazole group. Most individuals infected with Trichomonas vaginalis can be cured with a standard treatment of metronidazole or tinidazole, but it is estimated that more than 159,000 people fail treatment each year. Although a minimal lethal concentration (MLC) corresponding to treatment failure has been reported for metronidazole, the MLC for tinidazole associated with treatment failure has not been determined. We conducted a study using T. vaginalis isolates from women with reported treatment success or failure to determine these values. Methods We measured MLCs of 47 isolates obtained from women who had failed metronidazole treatment, 33 isolates from women who had failed tinidazole treatment, and 48 isolates from women successfully cured with metronidazole. The cutoff was calculated as the 95th percentile of MLCs of susceptible isolates for each drug. Results Our data confirmed that the MLC previously associated with metronidazole treatment failure is ≥50 μg/mL and identified the MLC associated with tinidazole treatment failure as ≥6.3 μg/mL. For metronidazole, the agreement between laboratory result and treatment outcome was 93.7%; for tinidazole, this agreement was 88.9%. Conclusions The T. vaginalis susceptibility assay is useful for determining whether 5-nitroimidazole treatment failure in persons with trichomoniasis can be attributed to drug resistance. These results are useful for establishing interpretive guidance of test results, and MLC levels can help guide appropriate patient treatment.
Prevalence, incidence and recurrence of sexually transmitted infections in HIV‐negative adult women in a rural South African setting

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhoea and trichomoniasis, are of global public health concern. While STI incidence rates in sub‐Saharan Africa are high, longitudinal data on incidence and recurrence of STIs are scarce, particularly in rural areas. We determined the incidence rates of curable STIs in HIV‐negative women during 96 weeks in a rural South African setting.
On the (un)suitability of semantic categories

Abstract Since Greenberg's groundbreaking publication on universals of grammar, typologists have used semantic categories to investigate (constraints on) morphological and syntactic variation in the world's languages and this tradition has been continued in the WALS project. It is argued here that the employment of semantic categories has some serious drawbacks, however, suggesting that semantic categories, just like formal categories, cannot be equated across languages in morphosyntactic typology. Whereas formal categories are too narrow in that they do not cover all structural variants attested across languages, semantic categories can be too wide, including too many structural variants. Furthermore, it appears that in some major typological studies semantic categories have been confused with formal categories. A possible solution is pointed out: typologists first need to make sure that the forms or constructions under investigation do the same job in the various languages ( functional sameness ); subsequently this functional selection can be narrowed down on the basis of formal or semantic criteria to construct a set of elements that is similar enough to allow for crosslinguistic comparison ( formal and semantic similarity ).
Emergency department versus operating room intubation of patients undergoing immediate hemorrhage control surgery

BACKGROUND Hemorrhage control surgery is an essential trauma center function. Airway management of the unstable bleeding patient in the emergency department (ED) presents a challenge. Premature intubation in the ED can exacerbate shock and precipitate extremis. We hypothesized that ED versus operating room intubation of patients requiring urgent hemorrhage control surgery is associated with adverse outcomes at the patient and hospital-levels. METHODS Patients who underwent hemorrhage control within 60 minutes of arrival at level 1 or 2 trauma centers were identified (National Trauma Data Bank 2017–2019). To minimize confounding, patients dead on arrival, undergoing ED thoracotomy, or with clinical indications for intubation (severe head/neck/face injury or Glasgow Coma Scale score of ≤8) were excluded. Two analytic approaches were used. First, hierarchical logistic regression measured the risk-adjusted association between ED intubation and mortality. Secondary outcomes included ED dwell time, units of blood transfused, and major complications (cardiac arrest, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, sepsis). Second, a hospital-level analysis determined whether hospital tendency ED intubation was associated with adverse outcomes. RESULTS We identified 9,667 patients who underwent hemorrhage control surgery at 253 trauma centers. Patients were predominantly young men (median age, 33 years) who suffered penetrating injuries (71%). The median initial Glasgow Coma Scale and systolic blood pressure were 15 and 108 mm Hg, respectively. One in five (20%) of patients underwent ED intubation. After risk-adjustment, ED intubation was associated with significantly increased odds of mortality, longer ED dwell time, greater blood transfusion, and major complications. Hospital-level analysis identified significant variation in use of ED intubation between hospitals not explained by patient case mix. After risk adjustment, patients treated at hospitals with high tendency for ED intubation (compared with those with low tendency) were significantly more likely to suffer in-hospital cardiac arrest (6% vs. 4%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–2.03). CONCLUSION Emergency department intubation of patients who require urgent hemorrhage control surgery is associated with adverse outcomes. Significant variation in ED intubation exists between trauma centers not explained by patient characteristics. Where feasible, intubation should be deferred in favor of rapid resuscitation and transport to the operating room. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic/Care Management; Level III. Among 9,667 patients that underwent hemorrhage control surgery, ED vs. OR intubation was associated with increased risk of death and major complications. Trauma centers with high-tendency for ED intubation were associated with higher risk of in-hospital cardiac arrest.
A Fungal P450 Enzyme from Fusarium graminearum with Unique 12β-Steroid Hydroxylation Activity

Regioselective and stereoselective hydroxylation is of vital importance in the functionalization of steroids, which remains challenging in organic synthesis. In particular, the C12-hydroxy steroids play a significant role in the synthesis of many important steroidal drugs. ABSTRACT In this study, a new cytochrome P450 enzyme, namely, CYP68J5_Fusarium graminearum (CYP68J5_fg), was identified from Fusarium graminearum via a combination of transcriptome sequencing and heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The biotransformation of progesterone by whole-cells of S. cerevisiae expressing CYP68J5_fg revealed that the CYP68J5_fg possessed steroidal 12β- and 15α-hydroxylase activities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a fungal P450 enzyme with 12β-hydroxylase activity has been identified. This advance offers opportunities to boost the efficiency and selectivity of the CYP68J5_fg hydroxylating system and thus shows great potential for further applications of this enzyme for the synthesis of steroid drugs. IMPORTANCE Regioselective and stereoselective hydroxylation is of vital importance in the functionalization of steroids, which remains challenging in organic synthesis. In particular, the C12-hydroxy steroids play a significant role in the synthesis of many important steroidal drugs. In this study, a novel fungal P450 enzyme with 12β-hydroxylation activity was identified, and it shows different substrate specificity and regioselectivity, compared to the bacterial and fungal steroidal hydroxylases that are known to date. This lays the foundation for the creation of effective biocatalysts for the process of 12β-hydroxylation, although further understanding of the molecular structural basis of this fungal P450 is needed to facilitate the engineering of this enzyme for industrial applications.
Recent progress in nanotechnology-based drug carriers for resveratrol delivery

Abstract Resveratrol is a polyphenol with diverse pharmacological activities, but its clinical efficacy is limited due to low solubility/permeability, light-induced isomerization, auto-oxidation, and rapid metabolism. Nanodelivery systems, such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, lipid nanocarriers, micelles, nanocrystals, inorganic nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, protein-based nanoparticles, exosomes, macrophages, and red blood cells (RBCs) have shown great potential for improving the solubility, biocompatibility, and therapeutic efficacy of resveratrol. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent advances in resveratrol nanoencapsulation and describes potential strategies to improve the pharmacokinetics of existing nanoformulations, enhance targeting, reduce toxicity, and increase drug release and encapsulation efficiency. The article also suggests that in order to avoid potential safety issues, resveratrol nanoformulations must be tested in vivo in a wide range of diseases.
APC/C‐dependent degradation of Spd2 regulates centrosome asymmetry in Drosophila neural stem cells

A functional centrosome is vital for the development and physiology of animals. Among numerous regulatory mechanisms of the centrosome, ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis is known to be critical for the precise regulation of centriole duplication. However, its significance beyond centrosome copy number control remains unclear. Using an in vitro screen for centrosomal substrates of the APC/C ubiquitin ligase in Drosophila, we identify several conserved pericentriolar material (PCM) components, including the inner PCM protein Spd2. We show that Spd2 levels are controlled by the interphase‐specific form of APC/C, APC/CFzr, in cultured cells and developing brains. Increased Spd2 levels compromise neural stem cell–specific asymmetric PCM recruitment and microtubule nucleation at interphase centrosomes, resulting in partial randomisation of the division axis and segregation patterns of the daughter centrosome in the following mitosis. We further provide evidence that APC/CFzr‐dependent Spd2 degradation restricts the amount and mobility of Spd2 at the daughter centrosome, thereby facilitating the accumulation of Polo‐dependent Spd2 phosphorylation for PCM recruitment. Our study underpins the critical role of cell cycle–dependent proteolytic regulation of the PCM in stem cells.
Robotic magnetic-guided catheter ablation in patients with congenital heart disease: a systematic review and pooled analysis

ABSTRACT Background Robotic magnetic navigation (RMN) has emerged as a potential solution to overcome challenges associated with catheter ablation of arrhythmias in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Objectives To assess safety and efficacy of RMNguided catheter ablation in patients with CHD. Design and Methods A systematic review and pooled analysis was conducted on patients with CHD who underwent RMNguided catheter ablation. Random effects models were used to generate pooled estimates with the inverse variance method used for weighting studies. Results Twentyfour nonoverlapping records included 167 patients with CHD, mean age 36.5 years, 44.6% female. Type of CHD was simple in 27 (16.2%), moderate in 32 (19.2%), and complex in 106 (63.5%). A total of 202 procedures targeted 260 arrhythmias, the most common being macroreentrant atrial circuits. The mean procedural duration was 207.5 minutes, with a mean fluoroscopy time of 12.1 minutes. The pooled acute success rate was 89.2% [95% CI (77.8%, 97.4%)]. Freedom from arrhythmia recurrence was 84.5% [95% CI (72.5%, 94.0%)] over a mean follow-up of 24.3 months. The procedural complication rate was 3.5% with no complication attributable to RMN technology. Conclusion RMN-guided ablation appears to be safe and effective across a variety of arrhythmia substrates and types of CHD.
Stalmarck's Method versus Resolution: A Comparative Theoretical Study

This Master’s thesis presents a comparative analysis of Stalmarck’s proof method and resolution from a theoretical perspective. We give (to our knowledge) the first complete explicit formal description of the dilemma proof system underlying Stalmarck’s method. Based on this description we prove a number of simulation and separation results between different subsystems of dilemma (defined by restrictions on possible branching assumptions and rules for merging the results derived in distinct branches). The key result of the thesis is that dilemma depth translates into resolution width. More precisely, a dilemma refutation in depth d and length L of a k-CNF formula F can be transformed to a resolution refutation of F in width O (kd) and length ( Lk ) . From this depth-width relation it follows that for k-CNF formulas with k fixed, resolution p-simulates dilemma restricted to minimum-depth proofs. Furthermore, the running time of the minimum-width proof search algorithm suggested by Ben-Sasson and Wigderson is shown to be polynomial in the running time of Stalmarck’s method. Finally, using results by Beame et al. we show that if F is a uniformly random 3-CNF formula with ∆n clauses on n variables, then with high probability it holds for the dilemma hardness HD (F ) that Ω ( n/∆ ) ≤ HD (F ) ≤ O(n/∆) (where is an arbitrarily small but positive constant).
Prediction of suicidality in bipolar disorder using variability of intrinsic brain activity and machine learning

Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with marked suicidal susceptibility, particularly during a major depressive episode. However, the evaluation of suicidal risk remains challenging since it relies mainly on self‐reported information from patients. Hence, it is necessary to complement neuroimaging features with advanced machine learning techniques in order to predict suicidal behavior in BD patients. In this study, a total of 288 participants, including 75 BD suicide attempters, 101 BD nonattempters and 112 healthy controls, underwent a resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI). Intrinsic brain activity was measured by amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF). We trained and tested a two‐level k‐nearest neighbors (k‐NN) model based on resting‐state variability of ALFF with fivefold cross‐validation. BD suicide attempters had increased dynamic ALFF values in the right anterior cingulate cortex, left thalamus and right precuneus. Compared to other machine learning methods, our proposed framework had a promising performance with 83.52% accuracy, 78.75% sensitivity and 87.50% specificity. The trained models could also replicate and validate the results in an independent cohort with 72.72% accuracy. These findings based on a relatively large data set, provide a promising way of combining fMRI data with machine learning technique to reliably predict suicide attempt at an individual level in bipolar depression. Overall, this work might enhance our understanding of the neurobiology of suicidal behavior by detecting clinically defined disruptions in the dynamics of instinct brain activity.
Collective magnetotaxis of microbial holobionts is optimized by the three-dimensional organization and magnetic properties of ectosymbionts

Significance Symbiosis between a motile microeukaryotic host and dozens of nonmotile, surface-attached magnetic bacterial symbionts was recently discovered, where the host acquires geomagnetic field-guided navigation thanks to chains of ferrimagnetic nanoparticles (within organelles called magnetosomes) produced by the bacteria. Our findings reveal magnetic dipoles of each magnetosome chain consistently align and efficiently confer a large magnetic moment to the host. Remarkably, the calculated magnetic moment is greatly in excess of that required to gain a magnetotactic advantage. These results not only show an optimization of collective magnetotaxis during the course of evolution owing to the three-dimensional organization and magnetic properties of bacteria but also raise the question on the magnetosome’s function beyond magnetic field guidance since they abundantly cover the host.
Efficient global matrix approach to the computation of synthetic seismograms

Summary. A numerically efficient global matrix approach to the solution of the wave equation in horizontally stratified environments is presented. The field in each layer is expressed as a superposition of the field produced by the sources within the layer and an unknown field satisfying the homogeneous wave equations, both expressed as integral representations in the horizontal wavenumber. The boundary conditions to be satisfied at each interface then yield a linear system of equations in the unknown wavefield amplitudes, to be satisfied at each horizontal wavenumber. As an alternative to the traditional propagator matrix approaches, the solution technique presented here yields both improved efficiency and versatility. Its global nature makes it well suited to problems involving many receivers in range as well as depth and to calculations of both stresses and particle velocities. The global solution technique is developed in close analogy to the finite element method, thereby reducing the number of arithmetic operations to a minimum and making the resulting computer code very efficient in terms of computation time. These features are illustrated by a number of numerical examples from both crustal and exploration seismology.
Olfactory Responses of Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Mango Fruits as Influenced by Cultivar and Ripeness Stages

Abstract Anastrepha obliqua Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a polyphagous species with hog plums (Spondias spp.) (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae) and mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae) as primary host fruits. In this study, the olfactory preference of A. obliqua for three stages of ripeness of two mango cultivars (‘Coche' and ‘Ataulfo') was investigated. The female flies were more attracted to ripe ‘Coche' fruits compared to those ripe ‘Ataulfo’. Further, they were more attracted to the ‘Coche’ half-ripe and ripe fruits than to the unripe ones, but they did not discriminate among the stages of ripeness of ‘Ataulfo’ fruits. The male flies did not show preference for any specific mango cultivars or ripeness stage tested. Four compounds from ripe ‘Coche’ mangoes, and two from ripe ‘Ataulfo’ fruits were identified using coupled gas chromatography-electroantennographic (GC-EAD) recording and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. ‘Coche’ mango volatiles eliciting responses from the female antennae were ethyl butyrate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl heptanoate, and ethyl octanoate. The two ‘Ataulfo’ mango volatiles were identified as 3-carene and ethyl octanoate. These compounds were absent in unripe mangoes of both cultivars. Synthetic blends of these compounds were attractive to females as mango extracts in field cage tests. Our results suggest that the olfactory preference of A. obliqua for attractive hosts is based on the presence or absence of the compounds associated with fruit maturity.
Long-term stability in the circumpolar foraging range of a Southern Ocean predator between the eras of whaling and rapid climate change

Significance Assessing change in Southern Ocean ecosystems is challenging due to its remoteness. Large-scale datasets that allow comparison between present-day conditions and those prior to large-scale ecosystem disturbances caused by humans (e.g., fishing/whaling) are rare. We infer the contemporary offshore foraging distribution of a marine predator, southern right whales (n = 1,002), using a customized stable isotope-based assignment approach based on biogeochemical models of the Southern Ocean. We then compare the contemporary distributions during the late austral summer and autumn to whaling catch data representing historical distributions during the same seasons. We show remarkable consistency of mid-latitude distribution across four centuries but shifts in foraging grounds in the past 30 y, particularly in the high latitudes that are likely driven by climate-associated alterations in prey availability.
Planetary nebulae as standard candles. VIII - Evidence for a change in the luminosity function cutoff at low metallicity

We search for a change in the [O III] λ5007 planetary nebula luminosity function (PNLF) with metallicity by combining the planetary nebula (PN) observations of four metal-poor galaxies in the Local Group : M32, NGC 185, NGC 205, and the Small Magellanic Cloud.