Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OpenMP-style parallelism in data-centered multicore computing with R

R1 is a domain specific language widely used for data analysis by the statistics community as well as by researchers in finance, biology, social sciences, and many other disciplines. As R programs are linked to input data, the exponential growth of available data makes high-performance computing with R imperative. To ease the process of writing parallel programs in R, code transformation from a sequential program to a parallel version would bring much convenience to R users. In this paper, we present our work in semi-automatic parallelization of R codes with user-added OpenMP-style pragmas. While such pragmas are used at the frontend, we take advantage of multiple parallel backends with different R packages. We provide flexibility for importing parallelism with plug-in components, impose built-in MapReduce for data processing, and also maintain code reusability. We illustrate the advantage of the on-the-fly mechanisms which can lead to significant applications in data-centered parallel computing.
Depression, anxiety, and cardiac morbidity outcomes after coronary artery bypass surgery: a contemporary and practical review

Research to date indicates that the number of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery patients affected by depression (i.e., major, minor, dysthymia) approximates between 30% and 40% of all cases. A longstanding empirical interest on psychosocial factors in CABG surgery patients highlights an association with increased risk of morbidity in the short and longer term. Recent evidence suggests that both depression and anxiety increase the risk for mortality and morbidity after CABG surgery independent of medical factors, although the behavioral and biological mechanisms are poorly understood. Though neither depression nor anxiety seem to markedly affect neuropsychological dysfunction, depression confers a risk for incident delirium. Following a comprehensive overview of recent literature, practical advice is described for clinicians taking into consideration possible screening aids to improve recognition of anxiety and depression among CABG surgery patients. An overview of contemporary interventions and randomized, controlled trials are described, along with suggestions for future CABG surgery research.
Feedback arcs and node hierarchy in directed networks

Directed networks such as gene regulation networks and neural networks are connected by arcs (directed links). The nodes in a directed network are often strongly interwound by a huge number of directed cycles, which leads to complex information-processing dynamics in the network and makes it highly challenging to infer the intrinsic direction of information flow. In this theoretical paper, based on the principle of minimum-feedback, we explore the node hierarchy of directed networks and distinguish feedforward and feedback arcs. Nearly optimal node hierarchy solutions, which minimize the number of feedback arcs from lower-level nodes to higher-level nodes, are constructed by belief-propagation and simulated-annealing methods. For real-world networks, we quantify the extent of feedback scarcity by comparison with the ensemble of direction-randomized networks and identify the most important feedback arcs. Our methods are also useful for visualizing directed networks.
Changes in Structure, Mechanics, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Related Gene Expression in the Lungs of Newborn Rats Exposed to Air or 60% Oxygen

Exposure of neonatal rats to ≥95% O2 for 2 wk, a widely used model of oxidant/antioxidant interactions in neonatal lung injury, results in arrested lung growth without the dysplastic lesions observed in chronic human neonatal lung injury. To determine whether dysplastic lung cell growth would be seen at lesser O2 concentrations, we exposed newborn rats to either 95% O2 for 1 wk followed by 60% O2 for 1 wk, or to 60% O2 for 2 wk. Exposure to 95% O2 for 1 wk profoundly inhibited lung DNA synthesis. Recovery of synthesis did not occur during the 2nd wk in 60% O2, nor were areas of dysplastic growth evident in lung tissue. In contrast, a continuous 2-wk exposure to 60% O2 resulted in a slight increase in lung weight with a significant reduction in lung volume over a range of inflation pressures. Also seen was an overall, but inhomogeneous, reduction in lung cell DNA synthesis. A preliminary analysis of affected cell types suggested that inhibition of DNA synthesis affected endothelial cells more than interstitial cells, whereas DNA synthesis increased in type II pneumocytes. Areas of reduced DNA synthesis were interspersed with patchy areas of parenchymal thickening and active DNA synthesis. These areas of parenchymal thickening, but not other areas, had increased immunoreactive IGF-I and the type I IGF receptor. These data are consistent with a direct effect of O2 on growth factor and growth factor receptor expression in causing dysplastic lung cell growth in chronic neonatal lung injury.
Manipulation gesture effect in visual and auditory presentations: the link between tools in perceptual and motor tasks

There is much behavioral and neurophysiological evidence in support of the idea that seeing a tool activates motor components of action related to the perceived object (e.g., grasping, use manipulation). However, the question remains as to whether the processing of the motor components associated with the tool is automatic or depends on the situation, including the task and the modality of tool presentation. The present study investigated whether the activation of motor components involved in tool use in response to the simple perception of a tool is influenced by the link between prime and target tools, as well as by the modality of presentation, in perceptual or motor tasks. To explore this issue, we manipulated the similarity of gesture involved in the use of the prime and target (identical, similar, different) with two tool presentation modalities of the presentation tool (visual or auditory) in perceptual and motor tasks. Across the experiments, we also manipulated the relevance of the prime (i.e., associated or not with the current task). The participants saw a first tool (or heard the sound it makes), which was immediately followed by a second tool on which they had to perform a perceptual task (i.e., indicate whether the second tool was identical to or different from the first tool) or a motor task (i.e., manipulate the second tool as if it were the first tool). In both tasks, the similarity between the gestures employed for the first and the second tool was manipulated (Identical, Similar or Different gestures). The results showed that responses were faster when the manipulation gestures for the two tools were identical or similar, but only in the motor task. This effect was observed irrespective of the modality of presentation of the first tool, i.e., visual or auditory. We suggest that the influence of manipulation gesture on response time depends on the relevance of the first tool in motor tasks. We discuss these motor activation results in terms of the relevance and demands of the tasks.
Probabilistic Interpretation for Correntropy with Complex Data

Recent studies have demonstrated that correntropy is an efficient tool for analyzing higher-order statistical moments in nonGaussian noise environments. Although it has been used with complex data, some adaptations were then necessary without deriving a generic form so that similarities between complex random variables can be aggregated. This paper presents a novel probabilistic interpretation for correntropy using complex-valued data called complex correntropy. An analytical recursive solution for the maximum complex correntropy criterion (MCCC) is introduced as based on the fixedpoint solution. This technique is applied to a simple system identification case study, as the results demonstrate prominent advantages regarding the proposed cost function if compared to the complex recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm. By using such probabilistic interpretation, correntropy can be applied to solve several problems involving complex data in a more straightforward way.
Gastrointestinal infections in the immunocompromised host

Immunocompromised patients, including patients with AIDS, solid organ and bone marrow transplant recipients, patients with leukemia and lymphoma, patients with inherited immune deficiencies, and patients on immunosuppressive therapy for a variety of disorders, are at risk for infections—particularly opportunistic infections, which, by definition, do not infect the healthy host. All systems of the body, including the gastrointestinal tract, are susceptible. The esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine are sites of infection for viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Symptoms can range in severity from fevers of unknown etiology to life-threatening hemorrhage and perforation. This review summarizes recent case reports, clinical studies, and reviews pertaining to pathogens that uniquely cause disease, more frequently cause disease, or cause more severe disease in the immunocompromised host than in the immunocompetent host.
Diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of left ventricular systolic heart failure by plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide concentrations in a large sample of the general population

Objective: To evaluate N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for systolic heart failure in the general population. Design: Study participants, randomly selected to be representative of the background population, filled in a heart failure questionnaire and underwent pulse and blood pressure measurements, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and blood sampling and were followed up for a median (range) period of 805 (60−1171) days. Setting: Participants were recruited from four randomly selected general practitioners and were examined in a Copenhagen university hospital. Patients: 382 women and 290 men in four age groups (50−59 (n = 174); 60−69 (n = 204); 70−79 (n = 174); ⩾ 80 years (n = 120)). Main outcome measures: Value of NT-proBNP in evaluating patients with symptoms of heart failure and impaired left ventricular (LV) systolic function; prognostic value of NT-proBNP for mortality and hospital admissions. Results: In 38 (5.6%) participants LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was ⩽ 40%. NT-proBNP identified patients with symptoms of heart failure and LVEF ⩽ 40% with a sensitivity of 0.92, a specificity of 0.86, positive and negative predictive values of 0.11 and 1.00, and area under the curve of 0.94. NT-proBNP was the strongest independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 5.70, p < 0.0001), hospital admissions for heart failure (HR = 13.83, p < 0.0001), and other cardiac admissions (HR = 3.69, p < 0.0001). Mortality (26 v 6, p = 0.0003), heart failure admissions (18 v 2, p = 0.0002), and admissions for other cardiac causes (44 v 13, p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in patients with NT-proBNP above the study median (32.5 pmol/l). Conclusions: Measurement of NT-proBNP may be useful as a screening tool for systolic heart failure in the general population.
On the time-domain analysis of analog circuits containing nonlinear inductors

The paper proposes effective solutions to include nonlinear inductors with soft ferromagnetic core in the time-domain circuit analyses. Three inductor models are developed, tested and compared. They are conceived for different degrees of accuracy related to the real devices. The models are robust and reliable due to the modeling concept that avoids numerical instabilities. An enhanced inductor model can serve to numerical analyses aiming the optimization of some constructive parameters (as the airgap length or number of turns). A SPICE implementation was performed and exemplified for different operation conditions.
Mayhem of world economy collapse and its consequence on Indian BFSI (banking, financial service industry): A study in Kanpur city

The banking & financial service industry in the US was hit hard by the sub-prime crisis, which has resulted in huge losses thereby bringing the world's largest economy on the verge of recession. After enduring the shocks of recession US-BFSI sector, had attempted to adopt sophisticated credit risks management systems to manage risks more efficiently. As we are the part of global economy and we can't be untouched from its shocks, therefore this study has tried to investigate the consequences on BFSI and its employee in Kanpur city. Results drawn from the study explores that employees have suffered from great insecurity of job loss during the entire period and so they have tried to upgrade their skills on their expenses. Industry was able to fight the recession by focusing on cost cut down and increase in productivity. During the recession period investors have shown their investment interest in fix deposits and cash deposits.
Effect of Next-Generation Exome Sequencing Depth for Discovery of Diagnostic Variants

Sequencing depth, which is directly related to the cost and time required for the generation, processing, and maintenance of next-generation sequencing data, is an important factor in the practical utilization of such data in clinical fields. Unfortunately, identifying an exome sequencing depth adequate for clinical use is a challenge that has not been addressed extensively. Here, we investigate the effect of exome sequencing depth on the discovery of sequence variants for clinical use. Toward this, we sequenced ten germ-line blood samples from breast cancer patients on the Illumina platform GAII(x) at a high depth of ~200×. We observed that most function-related diverse variants in the human exonic regions could be detected at a sequencing depth of 120×. Furthermore, investigation using a diagnostic gene set showed that the number of clinical variants identified using exome sequencing reached a plateau at an average sequencing depth of about 120×. Moreover, the phenomena were consistent across the breast cancer samples.
Global Convergence of Radial Basis Function Trust Region Derivative-Free Algorithms

We analyze globally convergent derivative-free trust region algorithms relying on radial basis function interpolation models. Our results extend the recent work of Conn, Scheinberg, and Vicente [SIAM J. Optim. , 20 (2009), pp. 387–415] to fully linear models that have a nonlinear term. We characterize the types of radial basis functions that fit in our analysis and thus show global convergence to first-order critical points for the ORBIT algorithm of Wild, Regis, and Shoemaker [SIAM J. Sci. Comput. , 30 (2008), pp. 3197–3219]. Using ORBIT, we present numerical results for different types of radial basis functions on a series of test problems. We also demonstrate the use of ORBIT in finding local minima on a computationally expensive environmental engineering problem.
Oscillatory breathing patterns during wakefulness in patients with chronic heart failure: clinical implications and role of augmented peripheral chemosensitivity.

BACKGROUND Oscillatory breathing patterns characterized by rises and falls in ventilation with apnea (Cheyne-Stokes respiration [CSR]) or without apnea (periodic breathing [PB]) commonly occur during the daytime in chronic heart failure (CHF). We have prospectively characterized patients with cyclical breathing in terms of clinical characteristics, indices of autonomic control, prognosis, and the role of peripheral chemosensitivity. METHODS AND RESULTS To determine cyclical breathing pattern, power spectral analysis was applied to 30-minute recordings of respiration in 74 stable CHF patients. Analyses of heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity were used to assess autonomic balance. Peripheral chemosensitivity was assessed with the transient hypoxia method. We also determined whether the suppression of peripheral chemoreceptor activity (hyperoxia or dihydrocodeine) would influence the respiratory pattern. Cyclical respiration was found in 49 (66%) patients (22 [30%] CSR, 27 [36%] PB) and was associated with more advanced CHF symptoms, impaired autonomic balance, and increased chemosensitivity (0.80 and 0.75 versus 0.34 L. min(-1). %SaO(2)(-1), P<0.001, for CSR and PB versus normal breathing, respectively). Transient hyperoxia abolished oscillatory breathing in 7 of 8 patients. Dihydrocodeine administration decreased chemosensitivity by 42% (P=0.05), which correlated with improvement in respiratory pattern. Cyclical breathing predicted poor 2-year survival (relative risk 9.41, P<0.01, by Cox proportional hazards analysis), independent of peak oxygen consumption (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS An oscillatory breathing pattern during the daytime is a marker of impaired autonomic regulation and poor outcome. Augmented activity of peripheral chemoreceptors may be involved in the genesis of this respiratory pattern. Modulation of peripheral chemosensitivity can reduce or abolish abnormal respiratory patterns and may be an option in the management of CHF patients with oscillatory breathing.
Measuring the effective complexity of cosmological models

We introduce a statistical measure of the effective model complexity, called the Bayesian complexity. We demonstrate that the Bayesian complexity can be used to assess how many effective parameters a set of data can support and that it is a useful complement to the model likelihood (the evidence) in model selection questions. We apply this approach to recent measurements of cosmic microwave background anisotropies combined with the Hubble Space Telescope measurement of the Hubble parameter. Using mildly non-informative priors, we show how the 3-year WMAP data improves on the first-year data by being able to measure both the spectral index and the reionization epoch at the same time. We also find that a non-zero curvature is strongly disfavored. We conclude that although current data could constrain at least seven effective parameters, only six of them are required in a scheme based on the Lambda-CDM concordance cosmology.
Assessing pain in critically ill sedated patients by using a behavioral pain scale

Objective To establish the validity and reliability of a new behavioral pain scale (BPS) for critically ill sedated adult patients. Design Prospective evaluation. Setting Ten-bed trauma and surgical intensive care unit in a university teaching hospital. Patients Thirty mechanically ventilated patients who were receiving analgesia and sedation. Intervention Assessments with the BPS were completed consecutively at standardized times (morning, afternoon, night) by pairs of evaluators (nurse and nurse’s aide). They collected physiologic parameters and BPS results before and during care procedures: nonnociceptive (group 1, compression stockings application and central venous catheter dressing change), nociceptive (group 2, endotracheal suctioning and mobilization), and retested nociceptive (group 3). The BPS score was the sum of three items that had a range score of 1–4: facial expression, movements of upper limbs, and compliance with mechanical ventilation. Measurements and Main Results Two hundred and sixty nine assessments were completed, including 104, 134, and 31 measurements in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. There was no difference in Ramsay scale scores between the three groups (Ramsay 4–6). Nociceptive stimulations (group 2) resulted in significantly higher BPS values than nonnociceptive ones (group 1, 4.9 vs. 3.5, p < .01), whereas the two groups had comparable BPS values before stimulation (3.1 vs. 3.0). A trend was found in group 2 between the dosage of sedation/analgesia and BPS: the higher the dosage, the lower BPS values and BPS changes to nociceptive stimulation. Group 3 had BPS values similar to group 2 at rest (3.2 vs. 3.2) and during the procedure (4.4 vs. 4.5), with good interrater correlations (r2 = .71 and .50, respectively). Conclusions These results indicate that the expression of pain can be scored validly and reliably by using the BPS in sedated, mechanically ventilated patients. Further studies are warranted regarding the utility of the BPS in making clinical decisions about the use of analgesic drugs in the intensive care unit.
Sourcing the Arab Spring: A Case Study of Andy Carvin's Sources on Twitter During the Tunisian and Egyptian Revolutions

News sourcing practices are critical as they shape from whom journalists get their information and what information they obtain, mostly from elite sources. This study evaluates whether social media platforms expand the range of actors involved in the news through aq uantitative content analysis of the sources cited by NPR’s Andy Carvin on Twitter during the Arab Spring. Results show that, on balance, nonelite sources had a greater representation in the content than elite sources. Alternative actors accounted for nearly half of the messages. The study points to the innovative forms of production that can emerge with new communication technologies, with the journalist as a central node trusted to authenticate and interpret news flows on social awareness streams.
An Empirical Study On The Determinants Of E-Government Maturity: A Fit-Viability Perspective

E-Government development and diffusion have emerged as fundamental issues for both researchers and practitioners across the globe. Understanding electronic government maturity requires an investigation of its antecedents and an evaluation of facilitating factors that influence the progress of online government information, tools, and services from diffusion to eventual adoption. The purpose of this study is to investigate electronic government maturity and its determinants. In particular, we use the Fit-Viability Framework to assess of e-Government Maturity. The results of partial least squares (PLS) analysis indicate that task-technology fit characteristics account for over 59 percent of the variance in fit. Combined with the country’s viable resources, e-government development accounted for 82 percent of the variance in the model. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Metabolism of psilocybin and psilocin: clinical and forensic toxicological relevance

Abstract Psilocybin and psilocin are controlled substances in many countries. These are the two main hallucinogenic compounds of the “magic mushrooms” and both act as agonists or partial agonists at 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2A subtype receptors. During the last few years, psilocybin and psilocin have gained therapeutic relevance but considerable physiological variability between individuals that can influence dose-response and toxicological profile has been reported. This review aims to discuss metabolism of psilocybin and psilocin, by presenting all major and minor psychoactive metabolites. Psilocybin is primarily a pro-drug that is dephosphorylated by alkaline phosphatase to active metabolite psilocin. This last is then further metabolized, psilocin-O-glucuronide being the main urinary metabolite with clinical and forensic relevance in diagnosis.