Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How inequality hurts growth: Revisiting the Galor-Zeira model through a Korean case

This paper aims to show that the level of inequality increases via the human capital channel with credit market imperfections generating negative effects on economic growth. We expand the model presented by Galor and Zeira (1993) to represent the fact that the economy benefits from endogenous technological progress and that the government provides financial aid to reduce the financial hurdles for human capital accumulation. We use Korean data from 1998 to 2008 to empirically confirm that education plays a significant role in the divergence of household wealth over time and that the government's financial aid package in the form of the new student loans programme positively influences equality and short-run economic growth by promoting the number of skilled workers.
A Strategic Framework for E-government Adoption in Public Sector Organisations

E-government has been recognized as a change agent for public sector reform. Through this change, the public sector organisation plans to increase operating efficiencies, build information-sharing partnerships and improve communication with other organisations, as well as with the public. Several studies have discussed how e-government will transform public sector organisations from traditional paper-based systems to electronic delivery that leads self-service operations that develop efficiently managed internal business process. However, a number of voids exist in the immature e-government literature, regarding its adoption strategy and process. This paper looks at the implementation aspect of e-government in public sector organisations. The paper critically reviews the issues of e-government adoption and identifies factors that affect the implementation process, such as, technical, organisational, and environmental. In addition, the authors discuss the benefits and barriers that might influence the decision making process toward the adoption of e-government in public sector. Since, e-government is an emerging research area, there is limited literature explaining the framework of e-government adoption. Therefore, this study suggests a strategic framework for e-government adoption that will assist decision makers in public sector organisations to support their egovernment adoption strategy and guide the IT developers for implementation process of e-government project.
Experimental Removal and Elevation of Sexual Selection: Does Sexual Selection Generate Manipulative Males and Resistant Females?

Sexual conflict over reproduction can occur between males and females. In several naturally promiscuous insect species, experimental evolution studies that have enforced monogamy found evidence for sexual conflict. Here, we subjected the naturally promiscuous, sperm‐heteromorphic fruit fly Drosophila pseudoobscura to enforced monogamy, standard levels of promiscuity, and elevated opportunities for promiscuity in four replicate lines. We examined the effect of male and female selection history and the proximate effect of variation in male density on female fitness parameters. We found that male density rather than male selection history explained a greater degree of female fecundity, egg hatching success, and productivity. Additionally, females selected under elevated promiscuity had greater fecundity and hatching success than did enforced monogamy females. Selection line males do not differ in their capacity to coerce females to remate, suggesting no divergence in precopulatory manipulative ability. However, these males did vary in their ability to suppress female remating, suggesting postcopulatory manipulation. These results indicate that sexual conflict can be manifested through both the proximate effects of male density and the historical levels of sexual selection and that the sexes respond differentially to these factors and further stress the multifarious channels of sexual communication that contribute to fitness.
Methods Used in Research with Street Children in Nepal

The article presents a description and critique of a large range of anthropological methods used in research with children in Nepal. It highlights the importance of a comparative, multidisciplinary and emic perspective. The value of empirical biological research methods, their potential for triangulation with social methods and validity for policy and programming are discussed. Data collected on physical and psychological well-being of children facilitate a comparison of homeless street children with other rural and urban control groups. The nature of researcher-informant relationships is crucial to the quality of information gleaned from traditional methods of demographic survey and observation.
Social-cognitive dimensions of interaction in L2 peer revision.

an important factor in second language (L2) acquisition (9; 17). 1 Research has focused on several variables of interaction: task type (13), teacher participation (27), nature of input (17), and negotiation strategies (22). Some recent studies (1; 2; 19; 26), however, have pointed out the need to look at the social relationships that characterize learner/learner and teacher/ learner L2 discourse and how these might affect the learning of the L2. We believe that Vygotskyan psycholinguistics (19; 20; 30; 36; 38; 39), a theoretical framework originated by the work of Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky (34; 35), offers an ideal model for studying the interrelatedness of the social and cognitive aspects of interactive discourse. We are particularly interested in applying a Vygotskyan socialcognitive2 perspective to the analysis of interaction during peer revision in the L2 writing classroom.
Testing for maximum oxygen consumption has produced a brainless model of human exercise performance

Perhaps the hallmark study in human exercise physiology was performed by Nobel Laureate Professor AV Hill on himself in Manchester, England in the early 1920s. Hill circled an 88 metre grass running track at three different speeds each for 4 minutes while he measured his average oxygen consumption every 30 seconds (Hill and Lupton;1 fig 2 of that paper). He concluded that his oxygen consumption reached a maximum at 16 km/hour “beyond which no bodily effort can drive it”. 2 (page 1661) This experiment established the single most popular test in the exercise sciences – the progressive exercise test for the measurement of the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max). The experimental protocol in this test forces the subject progressively to increase the work rate until voluntary exhaustion. According to the modern interpretation,3–14 the outcome of this test defines the limits of the human cardiorespiratory system, because it apparently terminates when the cardiac output reaches a maximum value.9 11 13 It also established a model to explain the biology of human exercise performance, for if the cardiovascular system determines maximal exercise performance, then it must also determine performance during many other forms of exercise, as suggested by Bassett and Howley9 and others.15 16 Thus, champion athletes able to run very fast for long distances do so because of the metabolic consequences in their skeletal muscles of their superior cardiovascular function,9 15 16 even though they exercise at intensities below that at which the VO2max is reached and at which, according to that model, cardiovascular function is not maximal and cannot therefore, by definition, be the “limiting” factor. This explanation seems paradoxical because, if correct, it predicts that athletes should be able to exercise more vigorously and for longer simply by increasing …
Locality preserving discriminative dictionary learning

In this paper, a novel discriminative dictionary learning approach is proposed that attempts to preserve the local structure of the data while encouraging discriminability. The reconstruction error and sparsity inducing ℓ1-penalty of dictionary learning are minimized alongside a locality preserving and discriminative term. In this setting, each data point is represented by a sparse linear combination of dictionary atoms with the goal that its k-nearest same-label neighbors are preserved. Since the class of a new data point is unknown, its sparse representation is found once for each class. The class that produces the lowest error is associated with that point. Experimental results on five common classification datasets, show that this method outperforms state-of-the-art classifiers, especially when the training data is limited.
Review: no reliable evidence of the effect of psychotherapy upon suicide risk in people with depression

ED FROM Cuijpers P, De Beurs DP, van Spijker BA, et al. The effects of psychotherapy for adult depression on suicidality and hopelessness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2013;144:183–90. Correspondence to: Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University of Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; p.cuijpers@vu.nl Sources of funding None. OM M EN TRY Cuijpers and colleagues’ meta-analysis of the impact of depression treatment on suicide-related behaviours is a fascinating window in the history of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of depression. The results indicate that treatments for depression have negligible effects on suicide-related behaviours and modest effects on feelings of hopelessness. However, the backstory reveals a dearth of systematic studies in which suicide-related behaviours are included in RCTs for treatment of depression. Given the fact that depression is a risk factor for suicide, it is disconcerting to discover that suicidal ideation is virtually ignored as an outcome worthy of investigation. This factor influenced all facets of the authors’ findings; from the quality of studies included in the analyses, to the relative lack of power in detecting a medium effect size. This does not reflect poorly on the quality of the meta-analysis; rather, it reflects on the state of RCTs for depression. One reason for this apparent oversight is the fact that the majority of RCTs exclude individuals who have a baseline suicidal ideation. Despite the limitations of the findings, several tentative conclusions can be drawn: first, RCTs of interventions for depression should include individuals with suicidal ideation at baseline. Second, in keeping with recent critiques of evidence-based treatment studies, quality-of-life measures such as suicidal ideation should be considered as primary outcome variables. Third, depression and suicidal symptoms may function as relatively independent phenomena that must be approached with different treatment interventions. Evidence from high-quality RCTs of borderline personality disorder (BPD) have demonstrated significant decreases in suicide-related behaviours and hospitalisations following a targeted treatment of affect dysregulation. While the current meta-analysis is far from definitive, clinicians are advised to utilise targeted treatment interventions for suicide-related behaviours such as those designed for treating BPD and the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality approach.
The perceptions of women about the choice of delivery modes: a descriptive study

Objetivo:Discutir a percepcao das mulheres quanto a escolha da via de parto. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo realizado em hospital de ensino e uma unidade basica de saude do Rio Grande do Sul, de janeiro a marco de 2011. Foram entrevistadas oito mulheres fora do periodo gravidico puerperal, e em idade fertil. Os dados foram analisados e interpretados conforme analise de conteudo tematica. Resultados e Discussao: Emergiu a categoria A percepcao das mulheres na decisao sobre o tipo de parto, na qual foi significativo o entendimento das mulheres sobre o poder de decisao que os medicos tem em relacao ao tipo de parto. Porem, algumas discordam dessa postura e apontam para a vontade da sua inclusao nessa decisao. Conclusao: Algumas mulheres discordam do poder unilateral do medico sobre o parto, defendendo que a decisao deveria ser compartilhada com elas, uma vez que sao estas que sentem e passam pelo processo.
Social anxiety and anger regulation

Based on the assumption that social anxiety is associated with less assertive behaviour and that effective anger regulation is influenced by social anxiety, two studies were conducted to examine the relationship between social anxiety and anger regulation. In Study 1, questionnaires measuring social anxiety, assertiveness, and six habitual anger‐related responses were administered to 115 adults. Social anxiety had an independent effect on rumination and submission, whereas assertiveness was independently related to the use of humour and feedback. In Study 2 (N = 136 adults) self‐ and observer ratings of anger‐related behaviour were obtained after anger was experimentally induced. Social anxiety was related to self‐ratings of submission and rumination. However, independent observer ratings based on videotapes revealed no significant influence of social anxiety on anger‐related behaviour. Taken together, the results provide evidence that social anxiety is associated with the self‐perception of less assertive behaviour and the tendency to evaluate one's behaviour more negatively. These results are consistent with prior studies showing that socially anxious persons tend to underestimate their social performance relative to the ratings of independent observers. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soft and hard keratin expression in Epstein-Barr-virus-associated gastric carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr-virus-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) is a distinct subset of gastric carcinoma (GC). The expressions of cytokeratins (CK)7, 8, 18, 19 and 20 and truncated basic hair keratin 1 (hHb1-deltaN) were investigated in GC to clarify the characteristics of EBVaGC. MATERIALS AND METHODS For immunohistochemical evaluation, 173 GC tissues were examined and 31 GC tissues and 5 GC cell lines were used for quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qrt-RT-PCR) and RT-PCR. RESULTS EBVaGC showed significantly lower immunohistochemical positivity of CK7 (-/(+/-)/+/+ +/+ + +; 27/15/4/1/1) compared to EBV-negative GC (12/29/27/44/13), even after stratification by histological types. The qrt-RT-PCR test demonstrated decreased amounts of CK7, 18 and 19 mRNAs in EBVaGC. Two among 5 GC cell lines showed a decrease of CK7 mRNA level after recombinant EBV infection. hHb1-deltaN expression was not specific to EBVaGC. CONCLUSION Abnormalities of CK7, 18 and 19 expressions, especially a decreased amount of CK7 expression, are characteristics of EBV-associated epithelial malignancies and might be important in carcinogenesis.
Preattentive Perception of Multiple Illusory Line-Motion: A Formal Model of Parallel Independent-Detection in Visual Search

Abstract The phenomenon referred to as illusory line-motion (ILM; O. Hikosaka, S. Miyauchi, & S. Shimojo, 1993a) has been described as a measure of the local facilitation of attention gradient. However, J. Kawahara, K. Yokosawa, S. Nishida, and T. Sato (1996) have demonstrated a spatially parallel search for an “odd man out” in the ILM direction. Apart from showing preattentive ILM perception in terms of an analogy between line-motion and apparent motion, the authors examined whether ILM perception is possible without attention from another point of view. Four experiments revealed that the ILM target can be detected in parallel without invoking attentional facilitation and invalidated the possible contribution of attentional set in parallel ILM search. Participants were able to correctly detect the ILM target among multiple nontargets, even when the line orientation was changed from trial to trial. The authors' independent-detection model predicted ILM search performance well on several occasions. These findings strongly support a preattentive and stimulus-driven explanation of ILM perception.
Applying data mining and grey QFD to mine the dynamic trends for computer life cycle-oriented green supply

Green products can reduce the environmental burden during design and disposal. The most approved technique to evaluate the environmental profile of a green product is the life cycle assessment. Data mining has also been successfully applied in many fields. However, little research has been done in the quality function deployment of mining the dynamic trends of customer requirements and engineering characteristics, using data mining and grey theory. This study proposed an approach to use data mining and grey theory in quality unction deployment for mining dynamic trends of the computer life cycle-oriented green supply. An Empirical example is provided to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach. Certain advantages may be observed when the dynamic and future requirements trends were identified, using the proposed approach. Since CRs can change rapidly, the database of CRs must be updated continually; therefore, the proposed approach in this study, will continually mine the database and identify the dynamic trends for the designers and manufacturers. The results of this study can provide an effective procedure of mining the dynamic trends of CRs and ECs for improving customer satisfaction and green competitiveness in the marketplace.
CONJECTURE OF TITS TYPE FOR COMPLEX VARIETIES AND THEOREM OF LIE-KOLCHIN TYPE FOR A CONE

First, we formulate and prove Theorem of Lie-Kolchin type for a cone and derive some algebro-geometric consequences. Next, inspired by a recent result of Dinh and Sibony we pose a conjecture of Tits type for a group of automorphisms of a complex variety and verify its weaker version. Finally, applying Theorem of Lie-Kolchin type for a cone, we confirm the conjecture of Tits type for complex tori, hyperk\"ahler manifolds, surfaces, and minimal threefolds.
Analysis and Simulation of Sensing Deception in Fading Cognitive Radio Networks

We are interested in determining the sensitivity of a tactical cognitive radio (CR) system to intentional spoofing. That is, we assume the existence of an intelligent adversary whose goal is to attack the CR system by deceiving the secondary users into believing that as many frequency bands as possible are occupied by primary users, thus minimizing the number of bands in which the secondary users attempt to transmit. We refer to this operation by the adversary as ``spoofing", and the specific spoofing signal we choose is a partial-band noise waveform. That is, for a given total power level that is available to the adversary, we maximize the average number of false detections incurred by secondary users as a result of the spoofing. We consider a channel such that each band experiences flat Rayleigh fading, whereby the fading is independent from band to band, and derive the average number of false detections by the secondary users due to the spoofing. The results obtained for the fading channel are compared to similar results for an additive white Gaussian noise channel (AWGN). They are also compared to a physically unrealizable scenario whereby the spoofing knows the instantaneous fade gains of the spoofing waveform at the victim CR receiver. This latter result is presented as a ``worst-case" perspective as to how well the spoofing operation can be expected to perform.
Inflammation as a Risk Factor for Atrial Fibrillation

Background—The presence of systemic inflammation determined by elevations in C-reactive protein (CRP) has been associated with persistence of atrial fibrillation (AF). The relationship between CRP and prediction of AF has not been studied in a large population-based cohort. Methods and Results—CRP measurement and cardiovascular assessment were performed at baseline in 5806 subjects enrolled in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Patients were followed up for a mean of 6.9±1.6 (median 7.8) years. AF was identified by self-reported history and ECGs at baseline and by ECGs and hospital discharge diagnoses at follow-up. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess CRP as a predictor of baseline and future development of AF. At baseline, 315 subjects (5%) had AF. Compared with subjects in the first CRP quartile (<0.97 mg/L), subjects in the fourth quartile (>3.41 mg/L) had more AF (7.4% versus 3.7%, adjusted OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.5; P =0.002). Of 5491 subjects without AF at baseline, 897 (16%) developed AF during follow-up. Baseline CRP predicted higher risk for developing future AF (fourth versus first quartile adjusted hazard ratio 1.31, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.58; P =0.005). When treated as a continuous variable, elevated CRP predicted increased risk for developing future AF (adjusted hazard ratio for 1-SD increase, 1.24; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.40; P <0.001). Conclusions—CRP is not only associated with the presence of AF but may also predict patients at increased risk for future development of AF.
Folate and amine metabolites in senile dementia: a combined trial and biochemical study

SYNOPSIS Folate (RBC, serum, CSF) and B12 (serum and CSF) and 5-HIAA and HVA (CSF) concentrations were measured in patients with senile dementia. Those with RBC folate < 130 ng/ml. were given folate/B12 in a double-blind crossover trial. (1) Amine metabolites and folate were unrelated. (2) CSF folate levels rose significantly but slowly on ward diet only independently of the period of intensive replacement. (3) There was no clinical improvement over the 24 weeks of observation but in view of the biochemical findings the period of study may have been too short.
Soziale Phobie und Familie

Besonders bei der generalisierten sozialen Phobie findet sich eine enge Verbindung zwischen Selbstgef(cid:23)hl und Familien-selbstwert. Diese Verkn(cid:23)pfung d(cid:23)rfte zu einem Teil durch die Schamvulnerabilit! t vermittelt werden, durch eine erh#hte Empf! nglichkeit f(cid:23)r stigmatisierende Pro-zesse nicht nur f(cid:23)r das Selbstgef(cid:23)hl, sondern auch f(cid:23)r Ausschließungsprozesse innerhalb der Familie und des Milieus. Zu diesen Prozessen geh#ren interpersonell vor allem Kr! nkungserlebnisse im sozialen Kontext, beginnend vom Kindergarten (cid:23)ber die Dem(cid:23)tigungen in der Schule, er-schwerte Abl#seprozesse aufgrund fami-li! rer Verstrickungen. Diese Verstrickun-gen werden von der Familien-Struktur-theorie vor allem durch Grenzenst#run-gen verursacht: Triangulierungen, Paren-tifizierungen, intrusive und triebstimulie-rende Interaktionen, Ausgrenzungen, aber auch systemische Faktoren wie harte Familiennormen, Familiengeheimnisse, /beranpassungen mit Verleugnung eige-ner Identit! tsmerkmale der Familie schaf-fen f(cid:23)r die Entwicklung Inkongruenzen, die die basale Selbstwertsicherheit be-lasten.
Visual analytics for complex concepts using a human cognition model

As the information being visualized and the process of understanding that information both become increasingly complex, it is necessary to develop new visualization approaches that facilitate the flow of human reasoning. In this paper, we endeavor to push visualization design a step beyond current user models by discussing a modeling framework of human ldquohigher cognition.rdquo Based on this cognition model, we present design guidelines for the development of visual interfaces designed to maximize the complementary cognitive strengths of both human and computer. Some of these principles are already being reflected in the better visual analytics designs, while others have not yet been applied or fully applied. But none of the guidelines have explained the deeper rationale that the model provides. Lastly, we discuss and assess these visual analytics guidelines through the evaluation of several visualization examples.
The Role of Culture Theory in Cross-Cultural Training

In a multimethod evaluation of cross-cultural training tools, a theory-based individualism and collectivism assimilator (ICA), compared to a culture-specific assimilator for Japan, a culture-general assimilator for sensitizing people to cultural differences, and a control group, was found to have significant effects on a number of criterion measures, such as the Intercultural Sensitivity Inventory, the Category Width Scale, attribution making, and satisfaction with the training. The findings show promise for theory-based culture assimilators.