Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How cells grow and divide: mathematical analysis confirms demand for the cell cycle

Eukaryotes usually grow through cell growth and division. How cells grow and divide is essential to life because too small or too large cells cannot function well. In order for an organism to survive even under a condition where cell growth and division processes are independent of each other, cells must have an appropriate growth factor, growth rate and division rate. To determine them, we derive a time evolution equation for the size distribution of cells from the master equation describing changes in the cell size due to growth and in the total number of cells due to division. It is found that long-time behaviors of moments of the size distribution divide the parameter space, consisting of the growth factor and the ratio of the division rate to the growth rate, into infinitely many regions. Examining the properties of each region, we conclude that growth with a small growth factor may be disastrous; this demonstrates the demand for the cell cycle consisting of coordinated growth and division processes.
(Al,In,Ga)N‐based photodetectors. Some materials issues

III‐nitrides have become the most exciting optoelectronic materials along the last fifteen years. In the area of photodetection, their intrinsic properties and progresses in available substrates, layer growth and device processing, have made possible the development of AlGaN‐based detectors for the UV region, and by the use of InGaN alloys, for the full UVA and near visible ranges. In this article, a certain overview of III‐nitrides photodetector developments, present activities and foreseeing research paths are presented. The aim is to extract materials issues as the various detector structures and their performance are described. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Case report: Pathological and genetic features of pancreatic undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells

Objectives: Pancreatic undifferentiated carcinoma accounts for 2%–7% of pancreatic carcinomas. We aimed to investigate the pathological and genetic characteristics of pancreatic undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells and the key points of treatment. Methods: The clinical data and follow-up results of four patients diagnosed with pancreatic undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells between May 2015 and May 2020 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Chief complaints included “pain and discomfort in the upper abdomen” (2/4), “nausea and vomiting” (1/4) or no symptoms (1/4). Preoperative mildly elevated tumor markers included carcinoembryonic antigen (1/4) and CA19-9 (1/4). The tumors were located in the tail of the pancreas in three patients and the head and neck in one patient. Tumor metastasis was found in pancreatic adipose tissue in two patients and lymph node metastasis in one patient, with microscopic heterogeneous mononuclear cells and scattered osteoclast-like giant cells of various sizes. One patient (1/4) had a mucinous cystic tumor of the pancreas, and two patients (2/4) had adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic duct. Only one patient received postoperative gemcitabine combined with albumin-bound paclitaxel chemotherapy. Conclusion: Currently, treatment guidelines are lacking for PUC-OGC, and prognosis varies markedly. More cases must be reported to clarify its origination. The long-term follow-up of diagnosed patients and genetic mutation testing can also contribute to improving treatment and prognosis of this disease.
Mating‐Call Sound Intensities of Anuran Amphibians

Mating‐call intensities of five species of Australian anuran amphibians were measured under natural conditions. The sound‐intensity values were consistent within species, and ranged from 88 dB for Crinia parinsignifera to 103 dB for Limnodynastes tasmaniensis (0 dB re 0.0002 dyn/cm2) at a distance of 50 cm. On the basis of published hearing threshold data, the maximal effective propagation distances were estimated for Crinia parinsignifera and Hyla ewingi; these were 4 m and 100 m, respectively.
Prevalence of the colistin resistance gene MCR-1 in colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Egypt

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a nosocomial pathogen with high morbidity and mortality rates in hospitalized patients. The emergence of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae has become more challenging to treat, with the prevalence of colistin-resistance. Therefore, reliable methods for detecting colistin resistance are required. Many plants' essential oils have antimicrobial activity and have been used to combat multiple antibiotic resistances. This study aimed to investigate the characterization and prevalence of the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in K. pneumoniae in Egypt, evaluate rapid polymyxin NP test, determine the transferability of mcr-1 gene, and study the synergistic activity of eugenol combined with colistin against K. pneumoniae isolates. Eighty-two K. pneumonia isolates were collected from different human samples, followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing, rapid polymyxin NP test, and detection of the mcr-1 gene and its transfer frequency. Determination of the MICs of colistin alone and in combination with eugenol was performed, then mcr-1 gene expression was determined in the presence of eugenol. Thirty-two isolates (39%) were colistin-resistant. Rapid polymyxin NP test failed to detect resistant isolates with MICs below 32 µg/mL. Detection of mcr-1 gene was made in 27 (84%) of colistin resistant isolates. The rest isolates possess alteration in the mgrB gene which probably causes colistin resistance. The mcr-1 gene was transferred by conjugation to other sensitive isolates. MIC of eugenol ranged from 416 to 1664 µg/mL, and FICI ranged from 0.265 to 0.75. Results also revealed suppression of mcr-1 gene expression in the presence of sub MIC of eugenol. Our results demonstrated a high prevalence of mcr-1 in Egypt and its ability to transfer to other strains. Difficult determination of colistin-resistant isolates with low values with rapid polymyxin NP test was apparent. Eugenol exerted a synergistic effect with colistin and improved its antimicrobial activity.
Infrared Properties of Cubic Silicon Carbide Films

Films of cubic silicon carbide have been grown by the reaction of methane with a high-purity silicon surface at 1300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. Windows of SiC were produced by etching away portions of the silicon. Transmission and reflection measurements in the range 1 to 15 microns have been carefully analyzed according to classical dispersion theory. The dispersion parameters have been determined for the fundamental resonance at 12.60 microns. The dispersion parameters are essentially the same as those for the ordinary ray in the hexagonal $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-II form.
New Network RTK Based on Transparent Reference Selection in Absolute Positioning Mode

AbstractIn this paper, the network real-time kinematic (NRTK) positioning method based on undifferenced (UD) observation corrections (abbreviated as URTK) are described, in which instantaneous ambiguity resolution can be carried out within rover’s precise point positioning (PPP) software, thus achieving position solutions equivalent to NRTK. The URTK method transforms the fixed double-differenced (DD) ambiguities of the reference network into UD ambiguities. With the transformed ambiguities, the residuals of the UD observation are used for interpolating the corrections at the user side. This approach breaks down the connections between the stations and satellites of the DD corrections in the current NRTK methods, such that corrections can be broadcast by the base station and automatically selected and optimized by a rover during the real-time kinematic (RTK) processing when the rover is transitioning into a more favorable subnetwork configuration, thus avoiding ambiguity reinitialization as a result of th.
Chord-based image reconstruction from clinical projection data

Chord-based algorithms can eliminate cone-beam artifacts in images reconstructed from a clinical computed tomography (CT) scanner. The feasibility of using chord-based reconstruction algorithms was evaluated with three clinical CT projection data sets. The first projection data set was acquired using a clinical 64-channel CT scanner (Philips Brilliance 64) that consisted of an axial scan from a quality assurance phantom. Images were reconstructed using (1) a full-scan FDK algorithm, (2) a short-scan FDK algorithm, and (3) the chord-based backprojection filtration algorithm (BPF) using full-scan data. The BPF algorithm was capable of reproducing the morphology of the phantom quite well, but exhibited significantly less noise than the two FDK reconstructions as well as the reconstruction obtained from the clinical scanner. The second and third data sets were obtained from scans of a head phantom and a patient's thorax. For both of these data sets, the BPF reconstructions were comparable to the short-scan FDK reconstructions in terms of image quality, although sharper features were indistinct in the BPF reconstructions. This research demonstrates the feasibility of chord-based algorithms for reconstructing images from clinical CT projection data sets and provides a framework for implementing and testing algorithmic innovations.
A bayesian solution to reconstructing centrally censored distributions

Bayesian methods are investigated for the reconstruction of mixtures in the case of central censoring. Earlier literature suggested that when the relationship between a continuous and a categorical variable is of interest, a cost-efficient strategy may be to measure the categorical variable only in the tails of the continuous distribution. Such samples occur in population epidemiology and gene mapping. Because central observations are not classified, the mixture component to which each observation belongs is not known. Three cases of censoring, which correspond to differing amounts of available information, are compared. Closed form solutions are not available and so Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques are employed to estimate posterior densities. Evidence for a mixture of two populations is assessed via Bayes factors calculated using a Laplace-Metropolis estimator. Although parameter estimates appear to be satisfactory in most situations, evidence of two populations is only found when the component populations are well separated, tail sizes are not too small, or typing information is available. Extension of these methods to incorporate fixed effects is illustrated by application to a cattle breeding experiment.
The Price to Pay for Being Yourself: Experiences of Microaggressions among Non-Binary and Genderqueer (NBGQ) Youth

This study explores the experiences of NBGQ youth with microaggressions. It investigates the types of microaggressions they face and their subsequent needs and coping mechanisms and the impacts on their lives. Semi-structured interviews with ten NBGQ youth in Belgium were conducted and analyzed using a thematic approach. The results showed that experiences of microaggressions were centered around denial. The most common ways to cope were finding acceptance from (queer) friends and therapists, engaging in a conversation with the aggressor, and rationalizing and empathizing with the aggressor, leading to self-blame and normalization of the experiences. Microaggressions were experienced as exhausting, which influenced the extent to which the NBGQ individuals wanted to explain themselves to others. Furthermore, the study shows an interaction between microaggressions and gender expression, in which gender expression is seen as a motive for microaggressions and microaggressions have an impact on the gender expression of NBGQ youth.
High-Resolution Observations of Insects in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Abstract High spatial and temporal resolution S-band radar observations of insects in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) are described. The observations were acquired with a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar during the 2002 International H20 Project (IHOP_2002) held in Oklahoma in the months of May and June 2002. During the observational period the boundary layer was convective with a few periods of rain. Rayleigh scattering from particulate scatterers (i.e., insects) dominates the return; however, Bragg scattering from refractive index turbulence is also significant, especially at the top of the afternoon boundary layer. There is a strong diurnal signal in the insect backscatter: minima in the morning and at dusk and maxima at night and midafternoon. Insect number densities and radar cross sections (RCSs) are calculated. The RCS values range from less than 10−12 m2 to greater than 10−7 m2 and likewise have a strong diurnal signal. These are converted to equivalent reflectivity measuremen.
Enigmatic Humerus from the Mid-Permian of South Africa Bridges the Anatomical Gap between “Pelycosaurs” and Therapsids

P. J. BISHOP, *,1,2 L. A. NORTON, 3 S. JIRAH, 3 M. O. DAY, 3,4 B. S. RUBIDGE, 3 and S. E. PIERCE ; 1 Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A. , pbishop@fas.harvard. edu, spierce@oeb.harvard. edu; Geosciences Program, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Queensland 4011, Australia; Evolutionary Studies Institute, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa, luke.norton@wits.ac. za, sifelani.jirah@wits.ac. za, bruce.rubidge@wits.ac. za; Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom, michael.day@nhm.ac. uk
Hybrid fuzzy logic PID controller

This paper investigates two fuzzy logic PID controllers that use simplified design schemes. Fuzzy logic PD and PI controllers are effective for many control problems but lack the advantages of the fuzzy PID controller. Design methodologies are in their infancy and still somewhat intuitive. Fuzzy controllers use a rule base to describe relationships between the input variables. Implementation of a detailed rule base increases in complexity as the number of input variables grow and the ranges of operation for the variables become more defined. We propose a hybrid fuzzy PID controller which takes advantage of the properties of the fuzzy PI and PD controllers and a second method which adds the fuzzy PD control action to the integral control action. The effectiveness of the two PID fuzzy controller implementations are illustrated with examples. <<ETX>>
Effect Mechanism of Extracurricular Tuition and Implications on “Double Reduction” Policy: Extracurricular Tuition Intensity, Psychological Resilience, and Academic Performance

Since its implementation in July 2021, the “double reduction (the reduction of the excessive academic burden on primary and middle school students, and the over-heated off-campus tutoring)” policy (“the Policy”), which aims to foster a sound environment for extracurricular education, has attracted much social attention. At the preliminary stage where data and cases are insufficient, it is of theoretical and practical significance to evaluate extracurricular tuition and its effect mechanism before the Policy was implemented. This study analyzed the said question based on the data from the China Education Panel Survey between 2014 and 2015 (CEPS2014–2015) by virtue of propensity score matching (PSM) and the intermediate effect. The research found that: (1) extracurricular tuition (ET) is positively correlated with academic performance (AP); (2) high and low extracurricular tuition intensities (ETIs) show no difference in improving academic performance, and the group analysis shows that extracurricular tuition is influenced by the “optimal starting zone (OSZ)”; and (3) psychological resilience (PR) is an intermediate variable of extracurricular tuition, which acts as a “conversion valve”. Based on the above findings, the research raised the following suggestions. Firstly, we suggest to emphasize the promotion effect of after-class service on students’ academic performance and switch the functions of extracurricular tuition to after-sale service. Then, pay attention to the reverse effect of high extracurricular tuition intensity on students’ physical and psychological health and their academic performance. In practice, explore the effective “optimal starting zone” of extracurricular tuition for students. Lastly, cultivate students’ psychological resilience by shifting the core of education quality improvement from simple stacking of disciplinary knowledge to psychological health development.
Long-term observation of Seyfert Galaxies NGC 1275 and 3c 382 at TeV energies by SHALON

Galaxy NGC 1275 is the central dominant galaxy of the Perseus Cluster of Galaxies and is of Seyfert galaxy class. NGC 1275 is known as powerful X-ray and radio source. In 1996 year a new metagalactic source was detected by SHALON at TeV energies. This object was identified with Seyfert galaxy NGC1275. The image and spectral energy distribution of NGC 1275 as well as 3c382 are presented. The recent detection by the Fermi LAT of gamma-rays from the NGC1275 makes the observation of the energy E > 100 GeV part of its broadband spectrum particularly interesting. The available high and very high energy data for NGC 1275 are well fitted in this model with three components.
Additional Active Movements Are Not Required for Strength Gains in the Untrained during Short-Term Whole-Body Electromyostimulation Training

Recommendations for conventional strength training are well described, and the volume of research on whole-body electromyostimulation training (WB-EMS) is growing. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether active exercise movements during stimulation have a positive effect on strength gains. A total of 30 inactive subjects (28 completed the study) were randomly allocated into two training groups, the upper body group (UBG) and the lower body group (LBG). In the UBG (n = 15; age: 32 (25–36); body mass: 78.3 kg (53.1–114.3 kg)), WB-EMS was accompanied by exercise movements of the upper body and in the LBG (n = 13; age: 26 (20–35); body mass: 67.2 kg (47.4–100.3 kg)) by exercise movements of the lower body. Therefore, UBG served as a control when lower body strength was considered, and LBG served as a control when upper body strength was considered. Trunk exercises were performed under the same conditions in both groups. During the 20-min sessions, 12 repetitions were performed per exercise. In both groups, stimulation was performed with 350 μs wide square pulses at 85 Hz in biphasic mode, and stimulation intensity was 6–8 (scale 1–10). Isometric maximum strength was measured before and after the training (6 weeks set; one session/week) on 6 exercises for the upper body and 4 for the lower body. Isometric maximum strength was significantly higher after the EMS training in both groups in most test positions (UBG p < 0.001–0.031, r = 0.88–0.56; LBG p = 0.001–0.039, r = 0.88–0.57). Only for the left leg extension in the UBG (p = 0.100, r = 0.43) and for the biceps curl in the LBG (p = 0.221, r = 0.34) no changes were observed. Both groups showed similar absolute strength changes after EMS training. Body mass adjusted strength for the left arm pull increased more in the LBG group (p = 0.040, r = 0.39). Based on our results we conclude that concurring exercise movements during a short-term WB-EMS training period have no substantial influence on strength gains. People with health restrictions, beginners with no experience in strength training and people returning to training might be particularly suitable target groups, due to the low training effort. Supposedly, exercise movements become more relevant when initial adaptations to training are exhausted.
Characteristics of a double-diffusive interface at high density stability ratios

A thermohaline diffusive interface at large density stability ratios has been studied experimentally. Several interesting characteristics have been found. First, using a transient experiment technique, a transition from boundary-layer to core-regiondominated transport has been observed. Secondly, interface growth can occur through a series of steps owing to a sharp transition to a region with large interface growth rates. Thirdly, hysteresis occurs within the large density stability ratio region. Finally, the property-transport flux ratio increases as an interface switches from boundary- to core-dominated transports.
Electron-Impact Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer for Molecular Beams,

A method is described for performing electron‐impact ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry in a molecular beam apparatus. It provides a convenient means for optimizing the performance of pulsed or continuous nozzle sources and can be used in conjunction with laser excitation. Mass spectra are produced either as analog waveforms or in a high repetition rate ion counting mode. The device can also be operated as a fast ionization gauge for time‐resolved detection of pulsed beams.
The importance, significance, and relevance of communication: a fourth study of the criticality of the discipline’s content and pedagogy

ABSTRACT The results of this study argue that communication, and specifically oral communication education, is critical to students’ future personal and professional success. Similar to three earlier studies, thematic analysis of 2,155 articles, identified in academic and popular press publications extending from 2016 to 2020, provides support for the centrality of the communication discipline’s content and pedagogy. These results reinforce the importance of communication to promoting health communication; growing individually and in relation to others; enriching the educational enterprise; enhancing organizational processes; being a responsible community member locally, nationally, internationally, and globally; and addressing crises, safety, risk, security, and science communication. Subthemes are identified in each of these six thematic categories, and the results are compared with those of the three earlier iterations of this study and in light of major shifts in the sociopolitical and cultural environment in the U.S. and the globe since the last iteration.
Application of Staircase Bioassays in Pharmaceutical Research

Staircase bioassays are compared to the classical design using tests at fixed levels with a fixed sample size. With comparable advance information on location and scale, the staircase procedures can attain efficiency in sample size, for given accuracy, four or five times that of the classical design. The penalty in increased time for carrying out the experiment need not be more than a factor or two. Examples from the literature illustrate this increased efficiency in the use of animals, and an iterative method is presented for estimating the standard error of the estimate and the standard deviation of the thresholds from multiple short up-and-down series used in factorially designed experiments.
In situ ultrastructural localization of sugar‐binding sites in lizard granulosa cell nuclei

Mannose‐binding sites were detected at the ultrastructural level in nuclei of lizard granulosa cells in situ by means of mannosylated ferritin. When ultrathin sections of material embedded in glycol methacrylate were incubated with mannosylated ferritin, a strong labelling was observed over nucleoli, chromatin and the external leaflet of the nuclear envelope, but no labelling was detected in the perinuclear space except for nuclear pores. This labelling was clearly inhibited when sections were incubated in a solution containing both mannosylated ferritin and a sugar‐related neoglycoprotein (mannosylated serum albumin). These ultrastructural data supporting the existence of nuclear lectin‐like components in reptilian cells are in agreement with our previous findings about such components in nuclei isolated from mammalian cells. Owing to the unique organization of the granular component of the nucleoli in specialized granulosa cells, we are able to show that some of the mannose‐binding sites are associated with ribosomal precursors.