Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards Easy Matching Between Statistical Linked Data: Dimension Patterns

Users of statistics expect linked data technology to make it easy to discover statistical data from different sources that can match each other. We carried out a trial matching between statistical linked data and pointed out the importance of upper concepts concerning dimensions and schema-level description about external linkages. We surveyed statistical linked data endpoints, finding that many dimension descriptions cannot have the information about the upper concepts and the external linkages. It is because they directly use external resources, to which local description cannot be added. Hence, we propose two patterns of dimension description to avoid this problem. So far, only small numbers of upper concepts have been supplied for statistical data. Therefore, the parts of the patterns concerning upper concepts are preparatory for the future and the benefit of the patterns is limited at present.
Nighttime blood pressure in normotensive subjects with chronic insomnia: implications for cardiovascular risk.

OBJECTIVE To assess as whether insomniacs have higher nighttime blood pressure (BP) and a blunted day-to-night BP reduction, recognized markers of increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. DESIGN Prospective case-control study. SETTING University hospital-based sleep research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Thirteen normotensive subjects with chronic primary insomnia (9 women, 42 +/- 7 y) and 13 sex- and age-matched good sleepers. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Subjects underwent 2-week sleep diary and 3 sleep studies to provide subjective and objective sleep variables, and 24-h beat-to-beat BP recording to provide daytime, night-time and day-to-night BP changes ([nighttime-daytime]/daytime)*100) (BP dipping). Spectral analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG) was also performed during sleep of night 3 to assess EEG activity in the beta frequency (16-32 Hz), a measure of brain cortical activation. Nighttime SBP was higher (111 +/- 15 vs 102 +/- 12 mm Hg, P < 0.01) and day-to-night SBP dipping was lower (-8% +/- 6% vs -15% +/- 5%, P < 0.01) in insomniacs than good sleepers. Insomniacs also had higher activity in EEG beta frequency (P < 0.05). Higher nighttime SBP and smaller SBP dipping were independently associated with increased EEG beta activity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Higher nighttime SBP and blunted day-to-night SBP dipping are present in normotensive subjects with chronic insomnia and are associated with a hyperactivity of the central nervous system during sleep. An altered BP profile in insomniacs could be one mechanism implicated in the link between insomnia and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality documented in epidemiological studies.
Phase noise in oscillators: a unifying theory and numerical methods for characterisation

Phase noise is a topic of theoretical and practical interest in electronic circuits, as well as in other fields such as optics. Although progress has been made in understanding the phenomenon, there still remain significant gaps, both in its fundamental theory and in numerical techniques for its characterisation. In this paper, we develop a solid foundation for phase noise that is valid for any oscillator, regardless of operating mechanism. We establish novel results about the dynamics of stable nonlinear oscillators in the presence of perturbations, both deterministic and random. We obtain an exact, nonlinear equation for phase error, which we solve without approximations for random perturbations. This leads us to a precise characterisation of timing jitter and spectral dispersion, for computing which we develop efficient numerical methods. We demonstrate our techniques on practical electrical oscillators, and obtain good matches with measurements even at frequencies close to the carrier, where previous techniques break down.
Minimum Classification Error Training for Choquet Integrals With Applications to Landmine Detection

A novel algorithm for discriminative training of Choquet-integral-based fusion operators is described. Fusion is performed by Choquet integration of classifier outputs with respect to fuzzy measures. The fusion operators are determined by the parameters of fuzzy measures. These parameters are found by minimizing a minimum classification error (MCE) objective function. The minimization is performed with respect to a special class of measures, the Sugeno lambda-measures. An analytic expression is derived for the gradient of the Choquet integral with respect to the Sugeno lambda-measure. The new algorithm is applied to a landmine detection problem, and compared to previous techniques.
Aids and devices for laryngectomees.

Survival after surgical removal of the larynx is not the problem it was 20 years ago. The combination of better diagnosis and improved surgical techniques, including the use of antibiotics, during the past 2 decades has resulted in an increased number of patients surviving major surgery for cancer of the larynx. This increased number plus an increased awareness of the importance of rehabilitating the patient has led to the development of a new era for the laryngectomee. So many laryngectomees were living in 1952 that they became associated in the International Association of Laryngectomees. * 1 Starting with 13 clubs, such as the Cleveland Lost Chord Club and the Anamilo Clubs of New York and Detroit,† the Association now comprises 60 affiliated clubs and 20 nonaffiliated clubs in the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Japan, France, and England. The mailing list of the Association, now financially sponsored by
An Extension of Datalog for Graph Queries

Supporting aggregates in recursive logic rules is a crucial long-standing problem for Datalog. To solve this problem, we propose Datalog that supports queries and reasoning on the number of distinct occurrences satisfying given goals, or conjunction of goals, in rules. By using a generalized notion of multiplicity called frequency, we show that graph queries can be easily expressed in Datalog . This simple extension preserves all the desirable semantic and computational properties of logic-based languages, while significantly extending their application range to support efficiently page-rank, and social-network queries.
A Progressive Damage Model for the Prediction of Fatigue Crack Growth in Bonded Joints

A procedure to predict fatigue crack growth in bonded joints is developed in this work within the framework of cohesive zone modelling and finite element analysis. The idea is to link the fatigue damage rate in the cohesive elements to the macroscopic crack growth rate through a damage homogenisation criterion. In this way, the experimental crack growth rate is related directly to damage evolution in the cohesive zone, that is, no additional parameters have to be tuned beside the quasi-static cohesive zone parameters. The procedure was implemented in the ABAQUS finite element software using the USDFLD subroutine. In order to evaluate the crack growth rate automatically, the strain energy release rate (crack driving force) was calculated and updated automatically within the subroutine. Mode I and Mode II loading cases have been dealt with and the implementation for Mixed Mode I/II is under way.
Risk Estimates and Risk Factors Related to Psychiatric Inpatient Suicide—An Overview

People with mental illness have an increased risk of suicide. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of suicide risk estimates among psychiatric inpatients based on the body of evidence found in scientific peer-reviewed literature; primarily focusing on the relative risks, rates, time trends, and socio-demographic and clinical risk factors of suicide in psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatric inpatients have a very high risk of suicide relative to the background population, but it remains challenging for clinicians to identify those patients that are most likely to die from suicide during admission. Most studies are based on low power, thus compromising quality and generalisability. The few studies with sufficient statistical power mainly identified non-modifiable risk predictors such as male gender, diagnosis, or recent deliberate self-harm. Also, the predictive value of these predictors is low. It would be of great benefit if future studies would be based on large samples while focusing on modifiable predictors over the course of an admission, such as hopelessness, depressive symptoms, and family/social situations. This would improve our chances of developing better risk assessment tools.
Finding a maximum likelihood tree is hard

Maximum likelihood (ML) is an increasingly popular optimality criterion for selecting evolutionary trees [Felsenstein 1981]. Finding optimal ML trees appears to be a very hard computational task, but for tractable cases, ML is the method of choice. In particular, algorithms and heuristics for ML take longer to run than algorithms and heuristics for the second major character based criterion, maximum parsimony (MP). However, while MP has been known to be NP-complete for over 20 years [Foulds and Graham, 1982; Day et al. 1986], such a hardness result for ML has so far eluded researchers in the field.An important work by Tuffley and Steel [1997] proves quantitative relations between the parsimony values of given sequences and the corresponding log likelihood values. However, a direct application of their work would only give an exponential time reduction from MP to ML. Another step in this direction has recently been made by Addario-Berry et al. [2004], who proved that ancestral maximum likelihood (AML) is NP-complete. AML “lies in between” the two problems, having some properties of MP and some properties of ML. Still, the AML proof is not directly applicable to the ML problem.We resolve the question, showing that “regular” ML on phylogenetic trees is indeed intractable. Our reduction follows the vertex cover reductions for MP [Day et al. 1986] and AML [Addario-Berry et al. 2004], but its starting point is an approximation version of vertex cover, known as gap vc. The crux of our work is not the reduction, but its correctness proof. The proof goes through a series of tree modifications, while controlling the likelihood losses at each step, using the bounds of Tuffley and Steel [1997]. The proof can be viewed as correlating the value of any ML solution to an arbitrarily close approximation to vertex cover.
Quality of informed consent: a new measure of understanding among research subjects.

BACKGROUND The informed consent of participants is ethically and legally required for most research involving human subjects. However, standardized methods for assessing the adequacy of informed consent to research are lacking. METHODS AND RESULTS We designed a brief questionnaire, the Quality of Informed Consent (QuIC), to measure subjects' actual (objective) and perceived (subjective) understanding of cancer clinical trials. The QuIC incorporates the basic elements of informed consent specified in federal regulations, assesses the therapeutic misconception (the belief that all aspects of a clinical trial are designed to directly benefit the subject), and employs the language and structure of the new National Cancer Institute template for informed consent documents. We modified the QuIC after receiving feedback from pilot tests with cancer research subjects, as well as validation from two independent expert panels. We then sent the QuIC to 287 adult cancer patients enrolled on phase I, II, or III clinical trials. Two hundred seven subjects (72%) completed the QuIC. To assess test-retest reliability, a random sample of 32 respondents was selected, of whom 17 (53%) completed the questionnaire a second time. The test-retest reliability was good with intraclass correlation coefficients of.66 for tests of objective understanding and.77 for tests of subjective understanding. The current version of the QuIC, which consists of 20 questions for objective understanding and 14 questions for subjective understanding, was tested for time and ease of administration in a sample of nine adult cancer patients. The QuIC required an average of 7.2 minutes to complete. CONCLUSIONS The QuIC is a brief, reliable, and valid questionnaire that holds promise as a standardized way to assess the outcome of the informed consent process in cancer clinical trials.
Binding of nuclear factor EF-C to a functional domain of the hepatitis B virus enhancer region

Nuclear factor EF-C is present in extracts prepared from human HepG2 liver cells and from other, nonliver cell lines and binds to the hepatitis B virus and polyomavirus transcriptional enhancer regions in vitro. An inverted repeat (5'-GTTGCNNNGCAAC-3') is located within both binding regions. Diethyl pyrocarbonate interference binding assays and competition binding experiments using altered binding sites demonstrated that EF-C contacts symmetrical nucleotides within the inverted repeat. Mutations that changed the length of the spacer region between the arms of the inverted repeat were introduced in the hepatitis enhancer region. Introduction of 1 or 2 base pairs between the repeats did not affect EF-C binding, but deletion of 1 base pair or introduction of 3 to 9 base pairs reduced binding dramatically. Introduction of 10 base pairs restored partial EF-C binding ability. These and other results suggest that EF-C binding is stabilized by dimerization. In vivo assays for enhancer function using these mutants demonstrated that the EF-C binding site is a functional and important component of the hepatitis B virus enhancer region.
A Statistical Approach to Automatic OCR Error Correction in Context

This paper describes an automatic, context-sensitive, word-error correction system based on statistical language modeling (SLM) as applied to optical character recognition (OCR) postprocessing. The system exploits information from multiple sources, including letter n-grams, character confusion probabilities, and word-bigram probabilities. Letter n-grams are used to index the words in the lexicon. Given a sentence to be corrected, the system decomposes each string in the sentence into letter n-grams and retrieves word candidates from the lexicon by comparing string n-grams with lexicon-entry n-grams. The retrieved candidates are ranked by the conditional probability of matches with the string, given character confusion probabilities. Finally, the wordobigram model and Viterbi algorithm are used to determine the best scoring word sequence for the sentence. The system can correct non-word errors as well as real-word errors and achieves a 60.2% error reduction rate for real OCR text. In addition, the system can learn the character confusion probabilities for a specific OCR environment and use them in self-calibration to achieve better performance.
Evidence that the packaging signal of Moloney murine leukemia virus extends into the gag region

Replication-competent retroviruses can be modified to carry nonviral genes. Such gene transfer vectors help define regions of the retroviral genome that are required in cis for retroviral replication. Moloney murine leukemia virus has been used extensively in vector construction, and all of the internal protein-encoding regions can be removed and replaced with other genes while still allowing production of virions containing and transmitting the altered retroviral genome. However, inclusion of a portion of the gag region from Moloney murine leukemia virus markedly increases the titer of virus derived from these vectors. We determined that this effect was due to more efficient packaging of the vector RNA into particles and did not depend on protein synthesis from the gag region. We conclude that the retrovirus packaging signal extends into the gag region. We have found that retroviral vectors containing the complete packaging signal allow more efficient gene transfer into a variety of cell types. In addition, these results may help explain why many oncogenic retroviruses have retained gag sequences and often express transforming proteins that are gag-onc hybrids.
Detecting Dependencies in High-Dimensional, Sparse Databases Using Probabilistic Programming and Non-parametric Bayes

Sparse databases with hundreds of variables are commonplace. In this setting, it is both statistically and computationally challenging to detect true predictive relationships between variables and also to suppress false positives. This paper proposes a new approach to dependency detection that combines probabilistic programming, information theory, and non-parametric Bayesian modeling. The key ideas are to (i) build an ensemble of joint probability models for the whole database via approximate posterior inference in CrossCat, a non-parametric factorial mixture; (ii) identify independencies by analyzing model structures; and (iii) report the distribution on conditional mutual information induced by posterior uncertainty over the ensemble of models. This paper presents experiments showing that the approach finds relationships that pairwise correlation misses, including context-specific independencies, on databases of mathematics exam scores and global indicators of macroeconomic development.
The Urinary Output of Adrenalin and Noradrenalin During Pleasant and Unpleasant Emotional States: A preliminary report

&NA; In a strictly standardized experimental setting, 20 healthy female office clerks were shown 4 entirely different types of motion pictures on 4 consecutive days. Bland natural‐scenery films lowered the urinary catecholamines significantly. An aggression‐provoking film and an amusing one were accompanied by similar and significant increases in adrenalin excretion and similar adrenalin/noradrenalin ratios. Obviously, emotional responses rated by the subjects as pleasant may also evoke increased sympathetico‐adrenomedullary activity. An anxiety‐provoking film raised the excretion levels not only of adrenalin, but also of noradrenalin, significantly above the levels obtained in all 3 previous films. A positive correlation exists between the intensity of emotional arousal, whatever its quality, and the urinary excretion of adrenalin and possibly of noradrenalin.
Mechanical properties of natural carbon black reinforced polymer composites

This article describes the development of new carbon black material from agricultural waste (wood apple shells) by using pyrolysis method at various carbonization temperatures (400, 600, and 800°C) and used as reinforcement in polymer composites. The wood apple shell carbon black (WAS-CB) particulates are characterized by proximate analysis, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results showed that due to increases in carbonization temperature the percentage of carbon improved in the carbon black particles. Furthermore, various tests were performed to determine the effect of new carbon black material on the mechanical properties of composite at different filler loading. The results indicated that mechanical properties like tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus are improved as the increase in the carbonization temperature and filler loading. The filler-matrix bonding was analyzed by SEM. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41211.
Intrinsic Protein Disorder, Amino Acid Composition, and Histone Terminal Domains*

Core and linker histones are the most abundant protein components of chromatin. Even though they lack intrinsic structure, the N-terminal “tail” domains (NTDs) of the core histones and the C-terminal tail domain (CTD) of linker histones bind to many different macromolecular partners while functioning in chromatin. Here we discuss the underlying physicochemical basis for how the histone terminal domains can be disordered and yet specifically recognize and interact with different macromolecules. The relationship between intrinsic disorder and amino acid composition is emphasized. We also discuss the potential structural consequences of acetylation and methylation of lysine residues embedded in intrinsically disordered histone tail domains.
A Speech Understanding Framework that Uses Multiple Language Models and Multiple Understanding Models

The optimal combination of language model (LM) and language understanding model (LUM) varies depending on available training data and utterances to be handled. Usually, a lot of effort and time are needed to find the optimal combination. Instead, we have designed and developed a new framework that uses multiple LMs and LUMs to improve speech understanding accuracy under various situations. As one implementation of the framework, we have developed a method for selecting the most appropriate speech understanding result from several candidates. We use two LMs and three LUMs, and thus obtain six combinations of them. We empirically show that our method improves speech understanding accuracy. The performance of the oracle selection suggests further potential improvements in our system.
Binding of Ligands to GPCRs – How Valid is a Thermodynamic Discrimination of Antagonists and Agonists?

In 1979, a thermodynamic discrimination between antagonists and agonists at GPCRs was discussed in literature for the first time. Subsequently a small number of experimental studies, addressing not only Gibbs energy but also enthalpy and entropy of ligand binding were performed within the last 30 years at different GPCRs. Some of these studies support the suggested “thermodynamic discrimination”, but this concept does not hold for all GPCRs analyzed by thermodynamic methods so far. This review presents an overview in this field of research. Furthermore, the data presented in literature are critically discussed and related to each other. As experimental methods provide information about the final and the starting state of the ligand-receptor binding, specific sub-processes are not accessible. But in the framework of an interpretation on a molecular level, quantitative insights in these processes are essential. A workaround of this problem is given by the development of molecular modelling methods, during the last decade. Taking into account all data so far, the concept of “thermodynamic discrimination” between antagonists and agonists may be extended to “thermodynamic and kinetic discrimination” of antagonists, partial agonists and full agonists. However, to obtain a deeper insight on molecular level, more systematic studies, including a large number of compounds with high structural variety have to be performed.
Convergence of iterative voting

In multiagent systems, social choice functions can help aggregate the distinct preferences that agents have over alternatives, enabling them to settle on a single choice. Despite the basic manipulability of all reasonable voting systems, it would still be desirable to find ways to reach a stable result, i.e., a situation where no agent would wish to change its vote. One possibility is an iterative process in which, after everyone initially votes, participants may change their votes, one voter at a time. This technique, explored in previous work, converges to a Nash equilibrium when Plurality voting is used, along with a tie-breaking rule that chooses a winner according to a linear order of preferences over candidates. In this paper, we both consider limitations of the iterative voting method, as well as expanding upon it. We demonstrate the significance of tie-breaking rules, showing that when using a general tie-breaking rule, no scoring rule (nor Maximin) need iteratively converge. However, using a restricted tie-breaking rule (such as the linear order rule used in previous work) does not by itself ensure convergence. We demonstrate that many scoring rules (such as Borda) need not converge, regardless of the tie-breaking rule. On a more encouraging note, we prove that Iterative Veto does converge---but that voting rules "between" Plurality and Veto, k-approval rules, do not.