Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis between ROCOF and vector surge relays for distributed generation applications

This paper presents a comprehensive comparative analysis between rate-of-change-of-frequency (ROCOF) and vector-surge (VS) relays for distributed generation islanding detection. The analysis is based on the concepts of detection-time versus active power-imbalance curves and critical active power imbalance. Such curves are obtained through dynamic simulations. The performance of these devices considering different scenarios is determined and compared. Factors such as voltage-dependent loads, generator inertia constant, and multidistributed generator systems are analyzed. False operation of these relays due to faults in adjacent feeders is also addressed. Results show that ROCOF relays are more reliable to detect islanding than vector surge relays when the active power imbalance in the islanded system is small. However, ROCOF relays are more susceptible to false operation than VS relays.
Sicker and Poorer: The Consequences of Being Uninsured

In the opening article of this special supplemental issue, Jack Hadley presents a detailed review of 25 years of research literature on the impact of health insurance on health and access to care. Using a model of the determinants of health to organize and interpret empirical findings, Hadley finds corroborating evidence that the uninsured receive fewer preventive and diagnostic services, tend to be more severely ill when diagnosed, and receive less therapeutic care as compared to the uninsured. Hadley reports a 4 to 25 percent reduction in the uninsured? s mortality, if they were otherwise insured. Additionally, his review notes that improving health status from fair or poor to very good or excellent would increase both work effort and annual earnings by as much as 20 percent. (Medical Care Research and Review 60(2)(supplement): 3S? 75S, June 2003. )
Integrated environment management in steel industries

Environmental issues in steel industry are so numerous, complex and interconnected that an ad hoc approach to problem solving is no longer considered effective. The growing pressure from all stakeholders forces steel companies to incorporate the environmental responsibility in all activities. Consequent to evolution of various environment management tools for supporting and improving environmental performance of the industry, steel companies have focused their attention towards integration of environmental strategy in their overall management system. This paper deals with an Integrated Approach to Environmental Management of the steel industry, which shall ensure a continuous improvement in environmental performance in order to increase competitiveness in the future steel market. In this paper, a business model is being suggested for integration of environment in overall management system. Based on the above model, a framework has been designed for implementation of Integrated Environmental Management Systems (IEMS) in steel industry. IEMS aims at 'the Greening of the industry' which shall integrate Pollution Prevention (P2), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Environment Management Information System (EMIS), green supply chain, environment performance evaluation, environmental accounting and other environmental management tools to EMS according to ISO 14001 requirements. This approach shall allow the steel companies to find and implement profitable and powerful measures that avoid waste generation; reduce environmental pollution; improve consumption of natural resources and go beyond legal compliance.
Fertiliser trees for sustainable food security in the maize-based production systems of East and Southern Africa. A review

The negative effects of soil fertility depletion on food security, especially among smallholder farmers in Africa, is of economic importance, and may be worsened by climate change and rising global fertiliser prices. Substantial efforts and investment have gone into development of alternative soil fertility management options. These include vigorous research and development of N-fixing plants or “fertiliser trees”, that has been on-going in the last two decades in East and Southern Africa. In this paper, we review several studies conducted both on-station and on-farm and synthesise the results in terms of improvements in soil physical, chemical and biological properties, and crop yield in response to fertiliser trees. Our major findings are that (1) fertiliser trees add more than 60 kg N ha−1 per year through biological nitrogen fixation (BNF); (2) nutrient contributions from fertiliser tree biomass can reduce the requirement for mineral N fertiliser by 75%, translating to huge savings on mineral fertilisers; (3) fertiliser trees were also shown to substantially increase crop yield. A meta-analysis has further provided conclusive evidence that with good management, fertiliser trees can double maize yields compared with local farmer practices of maize cultivation without addition of external fertilisation. (4) Financial analyses showed that fertiliser tree systems are profitable and also have higher net returns than the farmers’ de facto practice, i.e. continuous maize cropping without fertiliser. We conclude that widespread adoption and scaling up of fertiliser trees can reduce the amount of mineral fertiliser needed, maintain the soil ecosystem, and positively impact on the livelihoods of farm households in southern Africa.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EXTENDING THE HORIZON IN ROLLING PRODUCTION SCHEDULING

In recent work, Baker [1] has investigated the use of rolling schedules for multiperiod production scheduling problems. One of his results is that the longest possible forecast horizon is not necessarily the best. He also found that the rolling schedules' effectiveness fluctuates widely depending upon the length of the forecast horizon. To smooth these fluctuations we have investigated use of forecasting to extend the problem horizon. Some of our results confirm the previous conclusions, but other results support the position that “the more information the better. ”
MBL2 polymorphisms in women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance

Infection with high risk Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main known cause of cervical cancer. HPV induces different grades of lesions: among them, Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance are abnormal lesions that could evolve in pre‐cancer lesions or spontaneously regress. The mannose binding lectin (MBL) is an innate immunity serum protein also found in cervico‐vaginal mucosa, whose expression is known to be affected by polymorphisms in exon 1 and promoter of the MBL2 gene. In the present study the possible association between MBL2 functional polymorphisms and susceptibility to develop atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance was investigated in a group of women from North‐East of Italy, stratified for HPV infection status. The MBL2 D and O alleles and the deficient producer combined genotypes, responsible for low MBL production, were more represented among atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance positive women than healthy controls and the results were confirmed when only HPV negative samples were considered. These results suggest a possible involvement of MBL2 functional polymorphisms in atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance susceptibility. J. Med. Virol. 87:851–859, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimal control of a capacitated inventory system with multiple demand classes

This article studies the optimal control of a periodic‐review make‐to‐stock system with limited production capacity and multiple demand classes. In this system, a single product is produced to fulfill several classes of demands. The manager has to make the production and inventory allocation decisions. His objective is to minimize the expected total discounted cost. The production decision is made at the beginning of each period and determines the amount of products to be produced. The inventory allocation decision is made after receiving the random demands and determines the amount of demands to be satisfied. A modified base stock policy is shown to be optimal for production, and a multi‐level rationing policy is shown to be optimal for inventory allocation. Then a heuristic algorithm is proposed to approximate the optimal policy. The numerical studies show that the heuristic algorithm is very effective. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 58: 43–58, 2011
Medial Longitudinal Arch Deformation during Walking and Stair Navigation While Carrying Loads

Background: Understanding the biomechanics of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) may provide insights into injury risk and prevention, as well as function of the arch-supporting structures. Our understanding of MLA deformation is currently limited to sit-to-stand, walking, and running. Material and Methods: Three-dimensional deformation of the MLA of the right foot was characterized in 17 healthy participants during several simulated activities of daily living. MLA deformation was quantified by both changes in arch length and navicular displacement during the stance phase of three motions: walking, stair ascent, and stair descent. Three levels of load were also evaluated: no load, a front load (13.6 kg), and a backpack load (13.6 kg). Force platforms and an eight-camera motion capture system were used to collect relevant lower extremity kinetic and kinematic data. Results: Motion type had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on navicular displacement and arch length elongation with navicular displacement being greatest during stair descent, while the walking and stair descent conditions showed the greatest increase in arch length. External load did not significantly affect either of these two measures (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Differences in the MLA deformation variables resulting from varied dynamic activities of daily living can be greater than those during walking and should be considered. Clinical Relevance: Detailing the mechanics of the MLA may aid in further understanding injuries associated with the MLA, and the results of the current study indicate that these mechanics change based on activity.
Healthcare resource use in schizophrenia, EuroSC findings

ABSTRACT Background: It is unclear if the burden associated with schizophrenia is affected by the type and severity of patient’s symptoms. Objective: This study aims to quantify healthcare resource use associated with different profiles of schizophrenia symptoms. Study design: Post-hoc analysis of data from a naturalistic follow-up study. Setting: Secondary psychiatric services in France, Germany and the UK. Patients: EuroSC cohort:, representative sample of 1,208 schizophrenia patients Main outcome measure: We classified patients into eight health states, according to the Lenert classification (HS1–HS8), and estimated 6-month healthcare resource use (outpatient and day clinic visits, and hospitalisations) across the health states. Results: Approximately half of the patients were classed as having mild symptoms (HS1), with around 20% experiencing moderate, predominantly negative symptoms (HS2). The remaining health states were represented by <10% of patients each. Very few patients experienced extremely severe symptoms (HS8). No health state was associated with excess utilisation across all resource types. In terms of outpatient visits, patients were estimated to see a psychiatrist most often (3.01–4.15 visits over 6 months). Hospital admission was needed in 11%(HS1) – 35%(HS8) of patients and inpatient stays were generally prolonged for all health states (39–57 days). The average number of inpatient days was highest for patients in HS8 (18.17 days), followed by patients with severe negative symptoms (HS4; 13.37 days). In other health states characterised by severe symptoms (HS5–HS7), the average number of inpatient days was approximately half of those seen for HS4 (6.09–7.66). Conclusion: While none of the symptom profiles was associated with excess resource usage, hospitalization days were highest for HS with severe, predominantly negative or extremely severe symptoms. Patients with predominantly negative, moderate or severe symptoms appeared to have a high number of psychologist visits – an interesting finding that may reflect a specific therapeutic approach to the treatment of these patients.
The Use of Case Study Teaching To Promote Autonomous Learning

Learning becomes more effective, when students are actively involved in the learning process (Bonwell and Eison, 1991; Sivan et al., 2001). The case-study approach to teaching is a way in which active learning strategies can be implemented. There are a number of definitions for the term case-study, for example Fry et al. (1999) describe case studies as complex examples which give an insight into the context of a problem as well as illustrating the main point. Most importantly, case studies are student-centred activities based on topics that demonstrate theoretical concepts in an applied setting; the student-centered approach is emphasized in the University of Wales, Institute Cardiff (UWIC) strategic plan. The structure and format of casestudy learning can be likened to project-based learning as described by Savin-Baden (2003). The case-study approach differs from the problem-based learning approach in that larger numbers of students can engage in the process at one time, which is appropriate for UWIC as classes at undergraduate level are growing rapidly. The students also get more guidance in case-study learning compared to problem-based learning as the learning outcomes are clearly set out, and the process is supervised and often supported by lectures.
Instrumental variable additive hazards models

Instrumental variable (IV) methods are popular in non‐experimental studies to estimate the causal effects of medical interventions. These approaches allow for the consistent estimation of treatment effects even if important confounding factors are unobserved. Despite the increasing use of these methods, there have been few extensions of IV methods to censored data problems. In this article, we discuss challenges in applying IV techniques to the proportional hazards model and demonstrate the utility of the additive hazards formulation for IV analyses with censored data. Assuming linear structural equation models for the hazard function, we develop a closed‐form, two‐stage estimator for the causal effect in the additive hazard model. The methods permit both continuous and discrete exposures, and enable the estimation of causal relative survival measures. The asymptotic properties of the estimators are derived and the resulting inferences are shown to perform well in simulation studies and in an application to a data set on the effectiveness of a novel chemotherapeutic agent for colon cancer.
The impact of a panel of 18 SNPs on breast cancer risk in women attending a UK familial screening clinic: a case–control study

Background Breast cancer familial risk clinics offer screening and preventive strategies. While BRCA1/BRCA2 genetic testing provides important risk information for some women, panels of more common breast cancer risk genetic variants may have relevance to greater numbers of women with familial risk. Methods Three polygenic risk scores (PRS) based on 18 SNPs were investigated in a case–control study of women attending a familial risk clinic. PRS were derived from published general European population allele ORs and frequencies (18-SNPs (SNP18)). In women with BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations, 3 SNPs/13 SNPs, respectively, generated the PRS estimates. In total, 364 incident breast cancer cases (112 with BRCA1/2 mutations) were matched with 1605 controls (691 BRCA1/2) by age last mammogram and BRCA1/2 genetic test result. 87 women with cancer before attendance were also considered. Logistic regression was used to measure PRS performance through ORs per IQR and calibration of the observed to expected (O/E) logarithm relative risk when unadjusted and adjusted for phenotypic risk factors assessed by the Tyrer-Cuzick (TC) model. Results SNP18 was predictive for non-carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations (IQR OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.87, O/E 96%). Findings were unaffected by adjustment from TC (IQR OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.89) or when prior cancers were included (IQR OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.87). There was some evidence to support polygenic scores with weights for individuals with BRCA1/2 mutations (BRCA1 IQR OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.76; BRCA2 IQ OR 1.44, 95% CI 0.90 to 2.31). Conclusions PRS may be used to refine risk assessment for women at increased familial risk who test negative/have low likelihood of BRCA1/2 mutations. They may alter the recommended prevention strategy for many women attending family history clinics.
An Investigation of the Short‐ and Long‐Run Relations between Executive Cash Bonus Payments and Firm Financial Performance: A Pitch

This letter is a discussion of the application of the pitch template developed by Faff (2015) to a financial accounting research topic. The pitch template focuses ideas into key areas, giving clear and concise direction in planning and structuring the research idea. In this instance, the template is used in a nonlinear manner to develop a research proposal to investigate the relation between cash bonus payments and firm financial performance.
The Limits to Rational Expectations

Methodological issues uncertainty and the process of expectations formation the process of learning and the rational expectations hypothesis heterogeneous information and the rational expectations hypothesis econometric considerations solution of linear rational expectations models identification of linear rational expectations models single equation models simultaneous equation models estimation and hypothesis testing in rational expectations models models with current and lagged expectations models with future expectations use of direct observations on expectations measurement of expectations and direct tests of the R.E. H. models of expectations formation under bounded rationality. Appendices: Conditional expectations and martingales - general properties solution of linear rational expectations models under heterogeneous information solution of rational expectations models with future expectations by the martingale method derivation of present value of prospective yields under the rational expectations hypothesis.
Small-Scale Sicilian Fisheries: Opinions of Artisanal Fishers and Sociocultural Effects in Two MPA Case Studies

Marine resource management and related stakeholder conflicts have been clearly defined in recent decades as pressing issues worldwide. This article provides a comparative study of the management regimes of the Gulf of Castellammare Fishery Reserve and the Egadi Islands Marine Reserve in Sicily, Italy. What managers in these two reserves have neglected to include in management is a social science evaluation scheme to ensure the development of more effective overall management. This is a significant problem in both Italy and the rest of the Mediterranean, where few sociocultural and economic studies have been conducted. Using data collected with standard anthropological field methods, analysis was conducted on how artisanal fishers are impacted by reserves, the extent of their knowledge regarding regulations, their opinions on management, and demographics. The results indicate that while fishers in the two case studies are all aware of the marine reserves where they fish, most fishers are not well informed of the associated regulations. Fishers feel alienated from the management process, and would feel more comfortable with reserve managers and regulations if they were involved in management. The article concludes by showing how such data could help to develop more useful and practical management practices in both these and other MPAs with similar problems.
Future Center the Shipyard: Learning from Planning, Developing, Using and Refining a Creative Facility

This article provides an in-depth case description of a specific type of dedicated creative facility, Future Center 'The Shipyard' of the Dutch Tax and Customs Administration. The Shipyard is situated in a monumental building, in which a variety of rooms are set up to support a variety of creative and strategic thinking processes. The Future Center aims to stimulate inspiration, information and interaction, imagination, and innovation. This article describes the knowledge gained from the processes of developing, using and refining Future Center the Shipyard.
THE COMPUTER SERVICES INDUSTRY: RESTRUCTURING FOR A SINGLE MARKET

The size and strategic importance of computer services, in advanced industrial economies, including the European Community, continues to grow. As a reflection of its growth and deepening strategic importance, computer services have increasingly taken on a more international dimension, in turn losing its former national orientation. This article looks at recent developments in the European computer services industry, in particular at the restructuring taking place in response to the creation of the Single European Market. It attempts to reveal a number of major factors which will influence the reorganisation of the industry in the late 1990s and beyond.
Rethinking Collaboration and Partnership: A Public Policy Perspective

Issues of coordination, collaboration and partnership are now at the forefront of much tourism research on finding new solutions to resource management and destination development problems. However, despite the value of such attention in possibly improving destination management and the development of more sustainable forms of tourism, the concepts have remained relatively poorly critically analysed from a public policy perspective. The paper argues that the emphasis associated with network concepts is related to the changing role of the state in Western society and the attempt to find market or semi-market solutions to resource and production problems. However, the paper argues with reference to examples from various Western countries, and Australia in particular, that caution needs to be applied in the utilisation of these concepts because of the implications that they may have for notions of governance and the public interest. In addition, the paper argues that the predominance of narrow corporatist no.