Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A numerical function applied to cyclotomy

So, for the same value of h, namely, h, there are two values of 0, namely, 6 and 0', which is absurd, since d is single-valued. (b) If the discontinuity is of the second kind, then there must be a sequence {hn}, tending to ~h, for which the corresponding sequence {£n} does not tend to any limit. Therefore two values ki and &2 of h can always be found as near as we please to It such that the corresponding values 771 and 772 of £ differ from each other by a quantity greater than a suitably prescribed positive quantity ô. But, from (M),f(h)/h and, consequently, ƒ'(£) are continuous functions of h at h. Therefore £ must be multiple-valued at h, which is absurd, since 0 is singlevalued.
Novel Source–Sink Model for Space Environment Evolution with Orbit Capacity Assessment

The increasing number of anthropogenic space objects (ASOs) in low Earth orbit (LEO) poses a threat to the safety and sustainability of the space environment. Multiple companies are planning to launch large constellations of hundreds to thousands of satellites in the near future, increasing the probability of collisions and debris generation. This paper analyzes the long-term evolution of the LEO ASO population with the goal of estimating LEO orbital capacity. This is carried out by introducing a new probabilistic source–sink model. The developed source–sink model is a multishell multispecies model, which includes different object species, such as active and derelict satellites, and debris. Furthermore, debris are divided into the following two subgroups: trackable and nontrackable debris, the last ones representing a significant hazard for active satellites. In addition, the proposed model accounts for collision events and atmospheric drag effects, which include the influence of solar activity. Indeed, the Jacchia–Bowman 2008 thermospheric density model is exploited. The results prove that considering untracked debris within the model produces more collisions, and therefore a smaller population of active satellites affecting the safety of LEO and its orbital capacity.
Surface tension-driven chip self-assembly with load-free hydrogen fluoride-assisted direct bonding at room temperature for three-dimensional integrated circuits

We have demonstrated fluidic chip self-assembly on Si wafers for fabricating three-dimensional integrated circuits. In this self-assembly technique, small droplets of hydrofluoric acid were employed to simultaneously align many millimeter-scale chips and directly bond them to the hydrophilic bonding areas formed on the host wafers by oxide–oxide bonding. The liquid surface tension enables many Si chips to be self-assembled with the highest alignment accuracy of 50 nm. In addition, many chips were tightly bonded to the hydrophilic bonding areas without applying a mechanical force after the liquid was evaporated at room temperature.
The expansion of polarization charge layers into a magnetized vacuum: Theory and computer simulations

When a sufficiently dense plasma stream moves across a magnetic field, the stream will form polarization charge layers and will E×B drift across the field. One charge layer is composed of electrons and the other is composed of ions. The phenomena associated with the expansion of these polarization charge layers along the magnetic field away from the stream is investigated by means of analytic theory and is confirmed by two‐dimensional electrostatic particle‐in‐cell computer simulations. At very early times, the expansion of the electron charge layer is described by single‐particle motion in a dipolelike electric field. Eventually, the electron expansion is halted by the net positive charge left behind at the stream. Then an ambipolar expansion of the electron and ion charge layers forms, with the expansion velocity set by the stream voltage rather than by plasma temperatures. Steady decreases in the cross‐field‐propagation velocities of the streams are observed, owing to the steady losses of charge from the stream edges.
A 2 kiloparsec accretion disk (?) inside a 17 kiloparsec H-alpha bar in the cooling flow cluster 2A 0335+096

Observations of the central region of the galaxy cluster associated with 2A 0335+096, obtained in H-alpha, R, I, and b45 (4506 A with FWHM 355 A) using an 800 x 800-pixel CCD detector on the 4-m telescope at KPNO on December 27 and 30, 1986, are reported. The data are presented graphically and analyzed. Features discussed include a 17-kpc-long bar of H-alpha emission surrounded by filaments, a smaller elongated H-alpha structure (possibly an accretion disk) centered on the nucleus of the central galaxy, a secondary galaxy with a red H-alpha-bright nucleus located within the 17-kpc bar about 6 arcsec from the central-galaxy nucleus, and evidence for excess blue emission (indicating star formation at about 8 solar mass/yr in the cooling flow). From the presence of dust in the emission-line gas it is inferred that theoretical models based on preferential formation of low-mass stars may not be applicable to this object. 17 references.
Read-out of micromechanical cantilever sensors by phase shifting interferometry

White light interferometry was applied to determine the bending of micromechanical cantilever sensors (MCS) with an error typically less than 1permille. Deflections smaller than 2nm could be resolved at a lateral resolution of 2μm. Absolute values for curvatures can be determined and suitable reference points can be chosen on the MCS support. This was demonstrated in experiments using plasma polymerized polyallylamine films, which cross link upon ultraviolet light irradiation. The results suggest that 100μm long segments are sufficient to estimate reliable curvature radii of 450μm long microcantilever sensors.
Spatial distribution of relaxation behavior on the surface of a ferroelectric relaxor in the ergodic phase

Spatial homogeneity of polarization relaxation behavior on the surface of 0.9Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.1PbTiO3 crystals in the ergodic relaxor phase is studied using three-dimensional time-resolved spectroscopic piezoresponse force microscopy. The number of statistically independent components in the spectroscopic image is determined using principal component analysis. In the studied measurement time interval, the spectra generally exhibit logarithmic behavior with spatially varying slope and offset, and the statistical distribution of these parameters are studied. The data illustrate the presence of mesoscopic heterogeneity in the dynamics of the relaxation behavior that can be interpreted as spatial variation in local Vogel–Fulcher temperatures.
Detection of magnetically enhanced cancer tumors using SQUID magnetometry: A feasibility study

Nanoparticles bound to various biological molecules and pharmacological agents can be administered systemically, to humans without apparent toxicity. This opens an era in the targeting of specific tissues and disease processes for noninvasive imaging and treatment. An important class of particles used predominantly for magnetic resonance imaging is based on iron-oxide ferrites. We performed computer simulations using experimentally determined values for concentrations of superparamagnetic particles achievable in specific tissues of the mouse in vivo and concentrations of particles linked to monoclonal antibodies specific to antigens of two human cancer cell lines in vitro. An instrument to target distance of 12cm, into the body, was selected as relevant to our goal of developing a rapid inexpensive method of scanning the body for occult disease. The simulations demonstrate the potential feasibility of superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry to detect induced magnetic fields in focal conce.
A new parametric model for converting excess mortality from clinical studies to insured population

We propose a new parametric model – the generalized excess mortality (GEM) model – for converting excess mortality from clinical to insured population. The GEM model has been formulated as a generalization of the excess death rate (EDR) model in terms of a single adjustment parameter (m) that accounts for a partial elimination of a clinical study’s EDR due to the underwriting selection process. The suggested value of the parameter m depends only on the ratio of the impairment’s prevalence rate in the insured population to that in the clinical population. The model’s development has been implemented in two phases: the design phase and the validation phase. In the design phase, the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I pertaining to three broad impairments (diabetes, coronary artery disease, and asthma) have been used. As a result, the following equation for the parameter m has been proposed: mk = (Pi,k/Pc,k)n, where Pi,k, Pc,k are the prevalence rates of impairment k under study in the insured and the clinical populations, respectively, and n a single universal parameter with its value best approximated as n = 0.5 (95% confidence interval 0.5–0.6). In the validation phase, several independent clinical studies of three other impairments (Crohn’s disease, epilepsy, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) were used. As it has been demonstrated in the validation phase, for a number of impairments, the GEM model can provide a better fit for observed insured population mortality than either one of the conventional EDR or mortality ratio models.
Hybrid Nano Flake-like Vanadium Diselenide Combined on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube as a Binder-Free Electrode for Sodium-Ion Batteries

As the market for electric vehicles and portable electronic devices continues to grow rapidly, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as energy storage systems to replace lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, sodium-ion is heavier and larger than lithium-ion, resulting in volume expansion and slower ion transfer. It is necessary to find suitable anode materials with high capacity and stability. In addition, wearable electronics are starting to be commercialized, requiring a binder-free electrode used in flexible batteries. In this work, we synthesized nano flake-like VSe2 using organic precursor and combined it with MWCNT as carbonaceous material. VSe2@MWCNT was mixed homogenously using sonication and fabricated film electrodes without a binder and substrate via vacuum filter. The hybrid electrode exhibited high-rate capability and stable cycling performance with a discharge capacity of 469.1 mAhg−1 after 200 cycles. Furthermore, VSe2@MWCNT exhibited coulombic efficiency of ~99.7%, indicating good cycle stability. Additionally, VSe2@MWCNT showed a predominant 85.5% of capacitive contribution at a scan rate of 1 mVs−1 in sodiation/desodiation process. These results showed that VSe2@MWCNT is a suitable anode material for flexible SIBs.
Synthesis and photoluminescence of fluorinated graphene quantum dots

Fluorinated graphene quantum dots (F-GQDs) were synthesized by cutting fluorinated graphene through a hydrothermal approach. The F-GQDs with oxygen-rich functional groups have a F/C atomic ratio of ca. 23.68% and diameter of 1-7 nm. The photoluminescence (PL) properties of the F-GQDs were investigated. The results showed that besides exhibiting bright blue PL, the F-GQDs display a clear upconversion PL.
Axisymmetric spherical radiator with mixed boundary conditions

The acoustic radiation field of an axisymmetric spherical radiator with mixed surface boundary conditions is determined numerically. The general problem consists of a sphere comprised of a radially vibrating polar cap and a contiguous pressure release belt mounted on a rigid baffle (the remainder of the sphere). Two limiting cases, a vanishing belt or a vanishing baffle, are also considered. The radiation field is developed using both a least‐mean‐square‐error method of analysis and a point matching or boundary collocation analysis. The radiation characteristics of the general problem are found to be intermediate between those of the two limiting cases.
Intrinsic electronic structure of threading dislocations in GaN

In this paper we use multiple-scattering simulations in conjunction with experimental Z-contrast images and electron-energy-loss spectra to obtain a detailed analysis of the effect of the intrinsic structure of edge, screw, and mixed dislocations on the local density of unoccupied states in GaN. In particular, we show that the multiple scattering method is especially useful for examining dislocation cores where the bonding is significantly different at each atomic site in the structure. Furthermore, the analysis of the nitrogen K edge from intrinsic dislocations in GaN, i.e., stoichiometric cores with no dopants or vacancies, shows that the changes in the local electronic structure can be attributed to a change in the symmetry of the structure that does not result in readily identifiable states in the band gap. As such, the electrical activity at dislocations that limits the lifetime and performance of GaN devices appears to be related to the segregation of dopants, impurities or vacancies.
2-D Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Predicting the Intensity of Seismic Events

—Machine learning has advanced rapidly in the last decade, promising to significantly change and improve the function of big data analysis in a variety of fields. When compared to traditional methods, machine learning provides significant advantages in complex problem solving, computing performance, uncertainty propagation and handling, and decision support. In this paper, we present a novel end-to-end strategy for improving the overall accuracy of earthquake detection by simultaneously improving each step of the detection pipeline. In addition, we propose a Conv2D convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for processing seismic waveforms collected across a geophysical system. The proposed Conv2D method for earthquake detection was compared to various machine-learning approaches and state-of-the-art methods. All of the methods used were trained and tested on real data collected in Kazakhstan over the last 97 years, from 1906 to 2022. The proposed model outperformed the other models with accuracy, precision, recall, and f-score scores of 63%, 82.4%, 62.7%, and 83%, respectively. Based on the results, it is possible to conclude that the proposed Conv2D model is useful for predicting real-world earthquakes in seismic zones.
Generation of Transgenic Sperm Expressing GFP by Lentivirus Transduction of Spermatogonial Stem Cells In Vivo in Cynomolgus Monkeys

Simple Summary Gene editing technology is expected to be an effective way to establish animal models of human diseases. Using spermatogonial stem cells and sperm as gene editing objects is simple to operate. However, there has been no research on gene editing of spermatogonial stem cells to obtain genetically modified sperm, and it is not known whether cryopreservation has adverse effects on genetically modified sperm. Furthermore, there are few clear cell surface markers to identify primate spermatogonial stem cells. In this experiment, we used ultrasound to guide the injection needle into the testis reticulum space to inject the enhanced green fluorescent protein lentivirus from the testis reticulum into seminiferous tubules. Finally, we successfully obtained transgenic sperm, which have a similar freezing and recovery rate to that of wild animals. This approach is expected to be another effective way to establish edited animal disease models, and will play an important role in the research of human diseases and the development of new drugs and therapeutic methods. Abstract Nonhuman primates (NHPs) have been considered as the best models for biomedical research due to their high similarities in genomic, metabolomic, physiological and pathological features to humans. However, generation of genetically modified NHPs through traditional methods, such as microinjection into the pronuclei of one-cell embryos, is prohibitive due to the targeting efficiency and the number of NHPs needed as oocyte/zygote donors. Using spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) as the target of gene editing, producing gene-edited sperm for fertilization, is proven to be an effective way to establish gene editing animal disease models. In this experiment, we used ultrasound to guide the echo dense injection needle into the rete testis space, allowing the EGFP lentivirus to be slowly injected at positive pressure from the rete testis into seminiferous tubules. We found Thy1 can be used as a surface marker of cynomolgus monkey SSCs, confirming that SSCs carry the GFP gene. Finally, we successfully obtained transgenic sperm, with a similar freezing and recovery rate to that of WT animals.
Effects of Equine-Assisted Activities and Therapies for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has become a critical public health issue that affects more than 78 million people. In many recent studies, the authors have demonstrated that equine-assisted activities and therapies (EAATs) can substantially improve the social and behavioral skills of children with ASD. However, the qualities of the studies differ, and some authors reached opposite conclusions. In this review, we systematically and objectively examined the effectiveness of EAATs for people with ASD, combining both qualitative and quantitative methods. We searched five databases (PubMed, Scopus, ERIC, ProQuest, and MEDLINE) and added relevant references, and we identified 25 articles for data extraction and analysis. According to our results, EAAT programs can substantially improve the social and behavioral functioning and language abilities of children with ASD. However, among the subdomains, the results were inconsistent. According to the meta-analyses, there were considerable improvements in the social cognition, communication, irritability, and hyperactivity domains, but not in the domains of social awareness, mannerisms, motivation, lethargy, stereotypy, or inappropriate speech. Moreover, there was a lack of sufficient comparative data to conclude that EAAT programs lead to substantial improvements in motor and sensory functioning. In addition, among the included studies, we noted the indicator of whether EAAT programs decreased parental stress and improved family functioning, and although there were four articles in which the researchers considered this aspect, we were unable to draw any conclusions because of the insufficient data and conflicting descriptive evidence. However, we need to consider the improvement in parental mental health as a factor in the effectiveness of this complementary intervention. We hope that in future studies, researchers will focus on family functioning and conduct more randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with blinded assessments using different scales and measures.
Optimal Hovering Height and Power Allocation for UAV-Aided NOMA Covert Communication System

In this letter, we consider an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aided covert communication system in which the UAV provides downlink transmission to the public user and covert user with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). In the considered system, the covert performance can be effectively enhanced by the mobility of the UAV and the transmission from UAV to the public user. Aiming at improving the covert signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), we jointly optimize the hovering height and power allocation of UAV and formulate a signomial programming (SP) problem. To tackle the nonconvex optimization, we develop a successive geometric programming approximation (SGPA) algorithm. The optimal hovering height and power allocation are provided with numerical results and the outperformance of our design is verified.
Non-Cardiac Chest Pain as a Persistent Physical Symptom: Psychological Distress and Workability

Non-Cardiac Chest Pain (NCCP) is persistent chest pain in the absence of identifiable cardiac pathology. Some NCCP cases meet criteria for Persistent Physical Symptoms (PPS), where the symptoms are both persistent and distressing/disabling. This study aimed to identify patients that might need specialist treatment for PPS by examining cases of NCCP that meet PPS criteria. We analysed data from 285 chest pain patients that had received an NCCP diagnosis after attending an emergency cardiac department. We compared NCCP patients who did and did not meet the additional criteria for heart-related PPS and hypothesised that the groups would differ in terms of psychological variables and workability. We determined that NCCP patients who meet PPS criteria were more likely than other NCCP patients to be inactive or unable to work, reported more general anxiety and anxiety about their health, were more depressed, ruminated more, and, importantly, had a higher number of other PPS. A high proportion of NCCP patients meet PPS criteria, and they are similar to other PPS patients in terms of comorbidity and disability. This highlights the importance of focusing psychological interventions for this subgroup on the interplay between the range of physical and psychological symptoms present.
New LRS spectra for 356 bright IRAS sources

The low-resolution spectra of all IRAS point sources with F(nu) (12 microns) greater than 40 Jy that were not included in the Atlas of Low-Resolution Spectra are presented. These have been classified into eight groups based upon the spectral morphology. Silicate emission spectra and red-continuum spectra associated with H II region sources form about 60 percent of this sample. All types of spectra in the LRS Atlas are represented in the sample except for emission-line sources. The spectra is used to test a recent classification scheme for IRAS sources based on broadband colors. The spectra are consistent with the classifications from the colors in most cases. 20 refs.
Linear stability of Bingham fluids in spiral Couette flow

The linear stability of Bingham-plastic fluid flow between two concentric cylinders rotating independently and with axial sliding of the inner cylinder (spiral Couette flow) is studied. Bingham fluid exhibits a yield stress in addition to the plastic viscosity, which has some inhibiting effects on the competition between the centrifugal and shear instability mechanisms owing to the inter-relationship of the azimuthal and axial velocities. Islands of instability, which are found in the spiral Couette flow of Newtonian fluids, may not exist owing to the effect of yield stress. The possibility of the yield surface falling between the cylinders is analysed. Although small perturbation waves appearing on the yield surface are considered, the yield surface, which has been treated as a free surface, has little effect on the flow stability. The effects of the axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric perturbation on flow stability are both presented. Both the rotation of the outer cylinder and a decrease of the gap between the cylinders have stabilizing effects.
Analysis of a two-stage least-squares finite element method for the planar elasticity problem

A new first-order formulation for the two-dimensional elasticity equations is proposed by introducing additional variables which, called stresses here, are the derivatives of displacements. The resulted stress-displacement system can be further decomposed into two dependent subsystems, the stress syste and the displacement system recovered from the stresses. For constructing finite element approximations to these subsystems with appropriate boundary conditions, a two-stage least-squares procedure is introduced. The analysis shows that, under suitable regularity assumptions, the rates of convergence of the least-squares approximations for all the unknowns are optimal both in the H 1 -norm and in L 2 -norm. Also, numerical experiments with various Poisson's ratios are examined to demonstrate the theoretical estimates.