Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploitation of the Adsorptive Properties of Depth Filters for Host Cell Protein Removal during Monoclonal Antibody Purification

Depth filtration has been widely used during process scale clarification of cell culture supernatants for the removal of cells and cell debris. However, in addition to their filtration capabilities, depth filters also possess the ability to adsorb soluble species. This aspect of depth filtration has largely not been exploited in process scale separations and is usually ignored during cell culture harvest development. Here, we report on the ability of depth filters to adsorptively remove host cell protein contaminants from a recombinant monoclonal antibody process stream and characterize some of the underlying interactions behind the binding phenomenon. Following centrifugation, filtration through a depth filter prior to Protein A chromatographic capture was shown to significantly reduce the level of turbidity observed in the Protein A column eluate of the monoclonal antibody. The Protein A eluate turbidity was shown to be linked to host cell protein contaminant levels in the Protein A column load and not to the DNA content. Analogous to flowthrough chromatography in which residence time/bed height and column loading are key parameters, both the number of passes through the depth filter and the amount of centrifuge centrate loaded on the filter were seen to be important operational parameters governing the adsorptive removal of host cell protein contaminants. Adsorption of proteins to the depth filter was shown to be due to a combination of electrostatic and hydrophobic adsorptive interactions. These results demonstrate the ability to employ depth filtration as an integrative unit operation combining filtration for particulate removal with adsorptive binding for contaminant removal.
94 GHz bidirectional variable gain amplifier in 0.13-µm SiGe BiCMOS for phased array transmit and receive (T/R) applications

This paper presents a bidirectional variable gain amplifier (VGA) for W-band phased array transmit and receive (T/R) application. The VGA is based on cascode topology and employs T-type matching networks combined with load inductor and transistor parasitics to serve for both input and output matching when establishing directional signal flow. The VGA is implemented in a 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. Measurement results show -1~5.7 dB of gain control range, 9.5 dB NF, and -8.5 dBm IP-1dB at 94 GHz at the expense of 9.9 m W of power dissipation. The reverse isolation is better than -18 dB at 94 GHz. Chip size is 0.56×56 mm2 including pads.
A Fast RLS-CM Algorithm for Blind Adaptive Beamforming

An approximation for the constant modulus (CM) cost function is proposed to allow the use of the fast recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm. Simulations are performed to compare the performance of the introduced RLS-CM and stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithms for blind adaptive beamforming. Results indicate that the introduced RLS-CM has faster convergence speed and good tracking ability.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe map3+ encodes the putative M-factor receptor

A defect in the map3 gene of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe causes h+ mating-type-specific sterility. This gene was cloned by complementation. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that it has a coding capacity of 365 amino acids. The deduced map3 gene product is a putative seven-transmembrane protein and has 20.0% amino acid identity with the a-factor receptor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, encoded by STE3. It is also homologous with the Ustilago maydis mating pheromone receptors. The map3 gene is expressed in h+ cells but not in h- cells, and the transcripts are induced in response to nitrogen starvation. h+ cells defective in map3 do not respond to purified M-factor. When map3 is expressed ectopically in h- cells, they apparently acquire the ability to respond to the M-factor produced by themselves. The gpa1 gene, which encodes the alpha-subunit of a G-protein presumed to couple with the mating pheromone receptors, is essential for this function of map3. These observations strongly suggest that map3 encodes the M-factor receptor. Furthermore, this study provides strong support for the notion that pheromone signaling is essential for initiation of meiosis in S. pombe and that either M-factor signaling or P-factor signaling alone is sufficient.
Two Forms of Astrocyte Calcium Excitability Have Distinct Effects on NMDA Receptor-Mediated Slow Inward Currents in Pyramidal Neurons

Astrocytes display excitability in the form of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) increases, but the signaling impact of these for neurons remains debated and controversial. A key unresolved issue is whether astrocyte [Ca2+]i elevations impact neurons or not. Here we report that in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, agonists of native P2Y1 and PAR-1 receptors, which are preferentially expressed in astrocytes, equally elevated [Ca2+]i levels without affecting the passive membrane properties of pyramidal neurons. However, under conditions chosen to isolate NMDA receptor responses, we found that activation of PAR-1 receptors led to the appearance of NMDA receptor-mediated slow inward currents (SICs) in pyramidal neurons. In stark contrast, activation of P2Y1 receptors was ineffective in this regard. The PAR-1 receptor-mediated increased SICs were abolished by several strategies that selectively impaired astrocyte [Ca2+]i excitability and function. Our studies therefore indicate that evoked astrocyte [Ca2+]i transients are not a binary signal for interactions with neurons, and that astrocytes result in neuronal NMDA receptor-mediated SICs only when appropriately excited. The data thus provide a basis to rationalize recent contradictory data on astrocyte–neuron interactions.
Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression in Contusional Traumatic Brain Injury: A Paired Microdialysis Study

Abstract Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are extracellular enzymes that have been implicated in the pathophysiology of blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, contusion expansion, and vasogenic edema after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Specifically, in focal injury models, increased MMP-9 expression has been observed in pericontusional brain, and MMP-9 inhibitors reduce brain swelling and final lesion volume. The aim of this study was to examine whether there is a similarly localized increase of MMP concentrations in patients with contusional TBI. Paired microdialysis catheters were inserted into 12 patients with contusional TBI (with or without associated mass lesion) targeting pericontusional and radiologically normal brain defined on admission computed tomography scan. Microdialysate was pooled every 8 h and analyzed for MMP-1, -2, -7, -9, and -10 using a multiplex immunoassay. Concentrations of MMP-1, -2, and -10 were similar at both monitoring sites and did not show discernible temporal trends. Overall, there was a gradual increase in MMP-7 concentrations in both normal and injured brain over the monitoring period, although this was not consistent in every patient. MMP-9 concentrations were elevated in pericontusional, compared to normal, brain, with the maximal difference at the earliest monitoring times (i.e., <24 h postinjury). Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that MMP-9 concentrations were significantly higher in pericontusional brain (p=0.03) and within the first 72 h of injury, compared with later in the monitoring period (p=0.04). No significant differences were found for the other MMPs assayed. MMP-9 concentrations are increased in pericontusional brain early post-TBI and may represent a potential therapeutic target to reduce hemorrhagic progression and vasogenic edema.
Effects of Vitamin B12 and Folate Deficiency on Brain Development in Children

Folate deficiency in the periconceptional period contributes to neural tube defects; deficits in vitamin B12 (cobalamin) have negative consequences on the developing brain during infancy; and deficits of both vitamins are associated with a greater risk of depression during adulthood. This review examines two mechanisms linking folate and vitamin B12 deficiency to abnormal behavior and development in infants: disruptions to myelination and inflammatory processes. Future investigations should focus on the relationship between the timing of deficient and marginal vitamin B12 status and outcomes such as infant growth, cognition, social development, and depressive symptoms, along with prevention of folate and vitamin B12 deficiency.
The Thor Video Codec

The Thor video codec is being developed by Cisco with the intention to use only royalty-free coding tools. The video codec is based on the well-known block-based hybrid video coding approach, but with some significant changes compared to existing standards such as AVC/H.264 and HEVC/H.265. These changes include transform coefficient coding, deblocking filter, a separate deringing filter, and interpolated reference frames. Experimental results show 14.5% and 15.3% BDR loss compared to the HEVC/H.265 reference software for low-delay and high-delay configurations respectively. When compared to optimized software implementations of VP9 and x265, Thor provides similar or better compression performance for the same frame rate.
The effects of short-term, rapid glycemic control on the peroneal nerve function and serum VCAM-1 and AGE in type 2 diabetic patients in Malaysia.

BACKGROUND The role of endothelial injury and circulating adhesion molecule in the development and progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the long-term has been established previously. AIMS To study the effects of short-term glycemic control using insulin and oral hypoglycemic agent therapy (OHA) on the peroneal nerve function and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) levels in type 2 diabetic patients. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A randomized controlled study involving poorly controlled (HbA1c, 7.5%-11%) type 2 diabetic patients attending the endocrinology outpatient center in a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-nine patients were randomized to receive insulin (n=15) or OHA (n=14) for 8 weeks. The glycemic variables (HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose [FPG], fructosamine), VCAM-1, serum AGE and the peroneal motor conduction velocity (PMCV) were measured at baseline and at 4-week intervals. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Paired 't' test or Kruskal Wallis test; and the unpaired 't' test or Mann-Whitney U test were used for within-group and between-group analyses, respectively. Correlation was analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULTS Within-group analysis showed significant progressive improvement in HbA1c at weeks 4 and 8 in the insulin group. The PMCV improved significantly in both groups by week 8, and by week 4 (P = 0.01) in the insulin group. PMCV correlated negatively with VCAM-1 (P = 0.031) and AGE (P = 0.009) at week 8. CONCLUSION Aggressive glycemic control with insulin improves the peroneal nerve function within 4 weeks. Improvement in the serum VCAM-1 and AGE levels correlated significantly with improvement in peroneal nerve conduction velocity only in the insulin group.
Supplemental Data Resveratrol Delays Age-Related Deterioration and Mimics Transcriptional Aspects of Dietary Restriction without Extending Life Span

Resveratrol Delays Age-Related Deterioration and Mimics Transcriptional Aspects of Dietary Restriction without Extending Life Span Kevin J. Pearson*, Joseph A. Baur*, Kaitlyn N. Lewis, Leonid Peshkin, Nathan L. Price, Nazar Labinskyy, William R. Swindell, Davida Kamara, Robin K. Minor, Evelyn Perez, Hamish A. Jamieson, Yongqing Zhang, Stephen R. Dunn, Kumar Sharma, Nancy Pleshko, Laura A. Woollett, Anna Csiszar, Yuji Ikeno, David Le Couteur, Peter J. Elliott, Kevin G. Becker, Placido Navas, Donald K. Ingram, Norman S. Wolf, Zoltan Ungvari, David A. Sinclair, and Rafael de Cabo
Definition of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage as an Outcome Event in Clinical Trials and Observational Studies: Proposal of a Multidisciplinary Research Group

Background and Purpose— In clinical trials and observational studies there is considerable inconsistency in the use of definitions to describe delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A major cause for this inconsistency is the combining of radiographic evidence of vasospasm with clinical features of cerebral ischemia, although multiple factors may contribute to DCI. The second issue is the variability and overlap of terms used to describe each phenomenon. This makes comparisons among studies difficult. Methods— An international ad hoc panel of experts involved in subarachnoid hemorrhage research developed and proposed a definition of DCI to be used as an outcome measure in clinical trials and observational studies. We used a consensus-building approach. Results— It is proposed that in observational studies and clinical trials aiming to investigate strategies to prevent DCI, the 2 main outcome measures should be: (1) cerebral infarction identified on CT or MRI or proven at autopsy, after exclusion of procedure-related infarctions; and (2) functional outcome. Secondary outcome measure should be clinical deterioration caused by DCI, after exclusion of other potential causes of clinical deterioration. Vasospasm on angiography or transcranial Doppler can also be used as an outcome measure to investigate proof of concept but should be interpreted in conjunction with DCI or functional outcome. Conclusion— The proposed measures reflect the most relevant morphological and clinical features of DCI without regard to pathogenesis to be used as an outcome measure in clinical trials and observational studies.
Lekmannateorier om orsaker till oroligheter och kravaller i samband med stora demonstrationer

As a part of a democratic society political demonstrations take place occasionally, such arrangements are usually carried out orderly and peacefully. However, in some cases such mass events result in confrontations and riots. Most riot research has concentrated on the activists or to some degree the police forces and their actions and strategies. The behaviour of demonstrators or police officers may sometimes, to an outsider appears strange. In order to understand means and measures taken by a group you need to know something about the nature of assumptions, expectations and stereotypes kept by the confronting groups. Each group has implicit theories about the other group. Such naive theories have been called lay theories. These types of theories or assumptions govern peoples’ attitudes and their behaviour. Consequently, in order to understand peoples’ actions it is necessary to take part of their lay theories.This study accounts for lay theories among police officers, traditional demonstrators and post-modern demonstrators, the last group often called autonomous groups. The different groups’ narratives disclose that their lay theories to same degree coincident, but also differ. Probably the character of these differences is an important explanation why riots break out.
TONIC AND PHASIC EFFECTS OF LIGHT IN THE ENTRAINMENT OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS

There is one specific area where the problems of circadian rhythms intertwine with those of tonic and phasic functions of sensory systems: in the entrainment of these rhythms by the natural cycle of light and darkness. Numerous factors in most animals' environment vary in a 24-hour pattern. In the course of evolution on an ever rotating planet, circadian rhythms in animal behavior and physiology may have developed ultimately as an adaptation to any or many of these variations. Sleep, for instance, is currently viewed as a behavioral strategy, immobilizing the organism at a time of day when being active would be inefficient in terms of energy gain and expenditure, or even hazardous owing to increased risk of predation. :' As an evolutionary response to environmental periodicities, innate temporal programs have developed in a wide variety of organisms. down to protozoans and algae. These rhythms include circadian variations in arousal, motivation, and performance. In constant conditions their frequency typically differs from (24 hours)-' and from any other known environmental periodicity; i t varies among individuals and among different genotypes. These facts sufficiently attest to their endogenous nature. No sensory input, whether tonic or phasic, is required to generate these rhythms. By the same token, circadian rhythms must contain facilities insuring their synchrony with environmental periodicity. Otherwise, they would obviously be useless. The most reliable time cue available in the environment is the daily cycle of light and darkness. Virtually all circadian rhythms studied turn out to be sensitive to the light-dark cycle i n the sense that they can be synchronized or "en/rained" by i t . ' The period of the organism's rhythm is corrected for day after day by smaller or larger shifts induced by the light. The mechanism of entrainment has received considerable interest. Yet, the problems are far from solved. One of the main obstacles has been our ignorance about both the photoreceptors involved and the sensory pathways to the circadian pacemakers. The very existence of such pacemakers has only recently been demonstrated. It is of tell-tale significance that in every case analyzed they are located close to photosensory organs. In cockroaches, circadian pacemakers controlling the activity rhythm were localized in the optic lobes,5 in silkmoths a clock in the protocerebrum times pupal cclosion," in the mollusc A p l ~ ~ s i n there is a pacemaker in the eyes,; in sparrows the light-sensitive pineal has a function in driving the bird's daily rhythm of activity and body temperature. '; In mammals there is increasing cvidcnce that the strprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in the hypothalnmus are responsible for a diversity of circadian rhythms. ', 1" A plausible interpretation of the facts available, on the one hand, is that the SCN serve as a master-pacemaker triggcring or synchronizing several physiological and bchavioral circadian rhythms, some of thesc probably via the hypothalamic-pituitary regulation centers. They thereby maintain the internal
Ganglioside G(D2) in small cell lung cancer cell lines: enhancement of cell proliferation and mediation of apoptosis.

Expression levels of gangliosides and glycosyltransferase genes responsible for their syntheses in human lung cancer cell lines and a normal bronchial epithelial cell line were analyzed. Both non-small cell lung cancers and small cell lung cancers (SCLCs) mainly expressed G(M2) and G(M1), whereas only SCLCs expressed b-series gangliosides, such as G(D2), G(D1b), and G(T1b). Accordingly, many SCLC cell lines showed up-regulation of the G(D3) synthase gene. Consequently, we introduced G(D3) synthase cDNA into a SCLC line with low expression of b-series gangliosides and analyzed the effects of newly expressed gangliosides on tumor phenotypes. The transfectant cells expressing high levels of G(D2) and G(D3) exhibited markedly increased growth rates and strongly enhanced invasion activities. Addition of anti-G(D2) monoclonal antibodies into the culture medium of these cells resulted in the marked growth suppression of G(D2)-expressing cell lines with reduced activation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases but not of nonexpressants, suggesting that G(D2) plays important roles in cell proliferation. Moreover, G(D2)-expressing cells treated with anti-G(D2) antibodies showed features of apoptotic cell death at 30 min after addition of antibodies, i.e., shrinkage of cytoplasm, binding of Annexin V, and staining with propidium iodide, followed by DNA fragmentation. This G(D2)-mediated apoptosis was associated with caspase-3 activation and partly inhibited by a caspase inhibitor, z-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone. The finding that anti-G(D2) antibodies suppressed the cell growth and induced apoptosis of SCLC cells strongly suggested the usefulness of G(D2) as a target for the therapy of disastrous cancer, although the precise mechanisms for apoptosis remain to be clarified.
Evaluation of large-scale photovoltaic applications with multilevel converter cascade transformerless

This paper presents a evaluation of the transformerless Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel converter applied a large-scale photovoltaic (PV) plants. One the major problems in transformerless application is leakage current formed by the parasitic capacitance of the PV panels. This problem affect the security and quality of system. Most studies presents the solution based in common mode voltage, but in CHB multilevel converter is little different. The system model with a parasitic capacitance is detailed and a relation show the voltage across the parasitic capacitance is presented. The leakage current is detailed in topology in study and two loop of the circulating current is showed. The comparison about the leakage current between the mainly PWM techniques applied the CHB is presented and discussed.
Processes in language production

Introduction A number of years ago, the distinguished psychologist Charles Osgood became interested in the problem of language production (1971). He held the view that the study of production processes was the natural arena for exploring fundamental relations between cognitive structure and language forms. From his perspective, the focus of interest was the intention of speakers to achieve particular semantic and pragmatic consequence; those intentions drove, more or less directly, syntactic and lexical selection, and hence were the proper domain of study for the analysis of real-time sentence planning activities. He began his inquiry by asking what variation in language form was associated with changes of perspective and presupposition in a simple descriptive task. So, for example, he asked what perceptual and cognitive conditions would demonstrably trigger a shift from active to passive voice, what would trigger the use of a definite article, or the contrastive use of a modifier. And he was able to effect such changes by systematic alteration of the conditions in his scene description task. In this case, as in many others, Osgood was ahead of his time. Description, of language-particular processes was not then well developed, nor were there accessible characterizations of the conceptual-level semantic structures that interact with language structures to yield connected discourse. The experimental results he attained were, thus, not readily connected to formal linguistic and logical systems, and the theory of language-particular processes was only nascent. These problems are not solved at present, but the outlines of solutions have begun to emerge, and there are prospects for the serious pursuit of the goals Osgood avowed.