Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent improvements in SRI's keyword detection system for noisy audio

We present improvements to a keyword spotting (KWS) system that operates in highly adverse channel conditions with very low signal-to-noise ratio levels. We employ a system combination approach by combining the outputs of multiple large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) systems. These systems are complementary thanks to different design decisions across all levels of information: three speech activity detections systems; a wide range of front-end signal processing features (standard cepstral and filter-bank features, noise-robust features and multi-layer perceptron features); three statistical acoustic model types (Gaussian mixtures models, deep and convolutional neural networks); two keyword search strategies (wordbased and phone-based). We explore the scenario where the
Contributions of IBD5, IL23R, ATG16L1, and NOD2 to Crohn's disease risk in a population‐based case‐control study: Evidence of gene–gene interactions

Background: IBD5, IL23R, and ATG16L1 genetic variations are established Crohn's disease (CD) risks alleles. We evaluated these in a population‐based case‐control study within a cohort to determine their penetrance, population attributable risk, independence, and relationship to other established CD risk factors, including NOD2. Methods: DNA from 213 CD, 117 ulcerative colitis, and 310 healthy control subjects from the population‐based University of Manitoba IBD Research Registry were genotyped for IBD5 and IL23R single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and for the Thr300Ala ATG16L1 SNP. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for these and nongenetic risk factors. We introduce multidimensionality reduction (MDR) to explore gene–gene interactions. Results: ATG16L1, IBD5, and IL23R SNPs were significantly associated with CD. Multivariate analysis showed independent CD association for carriers of ATG16L1 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–3.24), IBD5‐IGR2230 (OR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.30–3.59), and IL23R‐rs10889677 (OR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.39–3.28) while retaining association for NOD2 mutation carriers (OR = 4.45, 95% CI 2.68–7.38), IBD family history (OR = 2.75, 95% CI 1.42–5.31), tobacco (OR = 2.06, 95% CI 1.35–3.14), and Jewish ethnicity (OR = 20.1, 95% CI 2.16–186.8). IL23R minor variants for Arg381Gln and Intron 6 rs7517848 showed independent, CD protection and 3′ untranslated variant rs108896778 showed risk. MDR analysis suggested an interaction between IBD5, ATG16L1, and IL23R risk alleles. Penetrance values for ATG16L1 and IBD5 were 0.27% for heterozygotes, and 0.35% and 0.44%, respectively, for homozygotes. IL23R rs108896778 penetrance was 0.37%. Conclusions: A population‐based analysis of CD risk factors is useful for characterizing the epidemiology of multiple CD genetic and nongenetic risk factors. Gene–gene interactions are likely, but require further evaluation in large population‐based cohorts.
Implementation of a third-generation 1.1-GHz 64-bit microprocessor

This third-generation 1.1-GHz 64-bit UltraSPARC microprocessor provides 1-MB on-chip level-2 cache, 4-Gb/s off chip memory bandwidth, and a new 200 MHz JBus interface that supports one to four processors. The 87.5-million transistor chip is implemented in a seven-layer-metal copper 0.13-/spl mu/m CMOS process and dissipates 53 W at 1.3 V and 1.1 GHz.
Prediabetes in Patients with Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: Prevalence, Risk and Clinical Management

Background: The prevalence of diabetes is emerging worldwide and is an important modifiable risk factor for stroke. People with prediabetes, an intermediate metabolic state between normal glucose metabolism and diabetes, have a tenfold increased risk of developing diabetes compared to those with a normal glucose metabolism. Prediabetes is comprised of impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance and/or disturbed glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Prediabetes is highly prevalent in nondiabetic patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or ischemic stroke and nearly doubles their risk of stroke. This offers new options for secondary stroke prevention. Summary: Several detection methods exist for identifying (pre)diabetes, including fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour postload glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. The concordance between these tests is not 100%, and they seem to be complementary. Screening for (pre)diabetes after stroke with fasting plasma glucose levels alone is insufficient, and 2-hour postload glucose and/or glycosylated hemoglobin levels should be determined as well. The prevalence of prediabetes in previously nondiabetic patients with a recent TIA or stroke ranges from 23 to 53%. This high prevalence in the acute phase after stroke can be transient or persistent, representing undiagnosed abnormal glucose metabolism. Impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance have different pathophysiological mechanisms, including hepatic insulin resistance and muscle insulin resistance, respectively. Prediabetes seems to be a modest predictor for stroke, but doubles the risk for recurrent stroke. The relation between prediabetes after stroke and functional outcome is still unknown. However, it is most likely that prediabetes is a risk factor for a poor clinical outcome after stroke. There is a growing recognition that patients with prediabetes should be treated more aggressively. Both lifestyle and pharmacological interventions are possible treatment strategies. They are at least equally effective in preventing progression to diabetes. Lifestyle changes are difficult to maintain over a long period. The evidence of pharmacological interventions on stroke or other cardiovascular diseases is limited though and is still subject of several clinical trials. Conclusions: As the prevalence of prediabetes is growing rapidly, prediabetes might become one of the most important modifiable therapeutic targets in both primary and secondary prevention.
“Liking” Your Union

The authors examine the use of new social media (NSM) by Canadian unions during electoral campaigns. The use of NSM by unions is emerging in Canada, and the authors study the 2011 federal and provincial elections, arguably the first time Canadian unions used NSM as part of their electoral strategies. The authors show that unions with close partisan ties to the New Democratic Party are more likely to embrace NSM as an electoral tactic than unions with no partisan ties or unions that engage in strategic voting.
Condom use promotes regression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and clearance of human papillomavirus: A randomized clinical trial

Women with persistent HPV infections have increased risk of progressive CIN lesions. Transmission of HPV between sexual partners might maintain viral infection and, consequently, may influence the clinical course of CIN. We investigated the effect of condom use on regression of CIN lesions and on clearance of HPV. Women with CIN and their male sexual partners were randomized for condom use (condom group n = 72 and noncondom group n = 76). They were conservatively managed and followed every 3–6 months by colposcopy, cytology and HPV testing by GP5+/6+ PCR. Baseline cervical biopsy specimens were taken. Median follow‐up time for women was 15.2 months (range 3.0–85.4). Outcomes of interest were clinical regression of CIN at colposcopy and clearance of HPV. Outcomes were assessed in 64 women of the condom group and 61 women of the noncondom group. Women in the condom group showed a 2‐year cumulative regression rate of 53% vs. 35% in the noncondom group (p = 0.03). The 2‐year cumulative rates of HPV clearance were 23% vs. 4%, respectively (p = 0.02). Although lower regression rates were found if women were HPV‐positive and had ≥CIN2 lesions at baseline, effects of condom use were found both in women with CIN1 and in women with ≥CIN2 lesions. Condom use promotes regression of CIN lesions and clearance of HPV. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ieee Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 1 Drawing-based Procedural Modeling of Chinese Architectures

—This paper presents a novel modeling framework to build 3D models of Chinese architectures from elevation drawing. Our algorithm integrates the capability of automatic drawing recognition with powerful procedural modeling to extract production rules from elevation drawing. First, different from the previous symbol-based floor plan recognition, based on the repetitive pattern trees, small horizontal repetitive regions of the elevation drawing are clustered in a bottom-up manner to form architectural components with maximum repetition, which collectively serve as building blocks for 3D model generation. Second, to discover the global architectural structure and its components' interdependencies, the components are structured into a shape tree in a top-down subdivision manner and recognized hierarchically at each level of the shape tree based on Markov Random Fields (MRF). Third, shape grammar rules can be derived to construct the 3D semantic model and its possible variations with the help of a 3D component repository. The salient contribution lies in the novel integration of procedural modeling with elevation drawing, with a unique application to Chinese architectures.
Análisis cualitativo de la visibilidad de la investigación de las universidades españolas a través de sus páginas web

Analysis and evaluation of the dissemination of the research of Spanish universities throughout the World Wide Web, with the aim of offering a state of their visibility and, derived from it, a set of proposals to improve the qua- lity of such a diffusion. The part of the project related to the use of qualitative research methods is presented. The object of study is conformed by a selected sample of 19 Spanish universities, representing all the Spanish Autonomous Regions but with a consideration to the administrative and scientific weight of some of them. The procedure of definition of the qualitative indicators, the method of data collection and the method of analysis are presented. The results offer a detailed landscape of the visibility of the information on research in the World Wide Web of the universities selected in relation with each of the pro- posed indicators. Those results have allowed, as well, to define a set of propo-
MODELING AND DIAGNOSIS OF MULTISTAGE MANUFACTURING PROCESSES: PART I - STATE SPACE MODEL

This two-part paper focuses on the modeling and diagnosis of multistage manufacturing processes. Part I develops a state space model characterizing variation propagation in a multistage process. The state space model describes a discrete-time LTV (Linear Time Varying) stochastic system, which strongly indicates that the existing system and control theory could be used to perform systematic analysis and achieve variation control of the manufacturing process. Moreover, the state space model integrates information of product quality with process information such as tooling status, therefore providing the basis for fault diagnosis. The model is validated through simulation comparison with the widely used software, Variation System Analysis (VSA). The work of fault diagnosis in a multistage manufacturing process is continued in Part II. Despite the research is presented in the specific context of sheet metal assembly process, the methodology is applicable to generic multistage manufacturing processes.
Investigation of HC04 human hepatocyte cells interaction with fibronectin and gelatin plated on paper for cell based sensor application

Recently, paper based biosensors have been studied in the fields of biology, chemistry, pharmacology and medicine. The main advantages of paper based biosensors are low cost, biocompatibility, portability and environmental compatibility. The process of cell immobilization on paper is an important step for the development of disposable paper based biosensors with a whole-cell electrochemical electrode. The major problem of this process is poor cell viability on paper. In this work, we study the viability of HC04 human hepatocyte cells immobilized on filter papers coated with gelatin and fibronectin. HC04 cells were cultured on uncoated and coated papers in a 5% CO2 incubator for 6 and 24 hrs. Cell viability was then detected by tryphan blue and propidium iodide staining. The results show that % cell viability on gelatin and fibronectin coated paper are more than that on uncoated one. Therefore, the developed gelatin and fibronectin coated paper is promising for cell based biosensor applications.
Environmental Predictors of Diversity in Recent Planktonic Foraminifera as Recorded in Marine Sediments

Global diversity patterns are thought to result from a combination of environmental and historical factors. This study tests the set of ecological and evolutionary hypotheses proposed to explain the global variation in present-day coretop diversity in the macroperforate planktonic foraminifera, a clade with an exceptional fossil record. Within this group, marine surface sediment assemblages are thought to represent an accurate, although centennial to millennial time-averaged, representation of recent diversity patterns. Environmental variables chosen to capture ocean temperature, structure, productivity and seasonality were used to model a range of diversity measures across the world’s oceans. Spatial autoregressive models showed that the same broad suite of environmental variables were important in shaping each of the four largely independent diversity measures (rarefied species richness, Simpson’s evenness, functional richness and mean evolutionary age). Sea-surface temperature explains the largest portion of diversity in all four diversity measures, but not in the way predicted by the metabolic theory of ecology. Vertical structure could be linked to increased diversity through the strength of stratification, but not through the depth of the mixed layer. There is limited evidence that seasonal turnover explains diversity patterns. There is evidence for functional redundancy in the low-latitude sites. The evolutionary mechanism of deep-time stability finds mixed support whilst there is relatively little evidence for an out-of-the-tropics model. These results suggest the diversity patterns of planktonic foraminifera cannot be explained by any one environmental variable or proposed mechanism, but instead reflect multiple processes acting in concert.
Orientation-SelectiveAdaptationtoIllusoryContoursin HumanVisualCortex

Humans can perceive illusory or subjective contours in the absence of any real physical boundaries. We used an adaptation protocol to look for orientation-selective neural responses to illusory contours defined by phase-shifted abutting line gratings in the human visual cortex. We measured functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses to illusory-contour test stimuli after adapting to an illusory-contouradapterstimulusthatwasorientedparallelororthogonaltotheteststimulus.Wefoundorientation-selectiveadaptation toillusorycontoursinearly(V1andV2)andhigher-tiervisualareas(V3,hV4,VO1,V3A/B,V7,LO1,andLO2). Thatis,fMRIresponses were smaller for test stimuli parallel to the adapter than for test stimuli orthogonal to the adapter. In two control experiments using spatially jittered and phase-randomized stimuli, we demonstrated that this adaptation was not just in response to differences in the distribution of spectral power in the stimuli. Orientation-selective adaptation to illusory contours increased from early to higher-tier visualareas.Thus,bothearlyandhigher-tiervisualareascontainneuronsselectivefortheorientationofthistypeofillusorycontour.
Compression of Dense and Regular Point Clouds

We present a simple technique for single‐rate compression of point clouds sampled from a surface, based on a spanning tree of the points. Unlike previous methods, we predict future vertices using both a linear predictor, which uses the previous edge as a predictor for the current edge, and lateral predictors that rotate the previous edge 90°left or right about an estimated normal.
Current Options in Head and Neck Reconstruction

Learning Objectives: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand current trends in the treatment of head and neck cancer. 2. Discuss the challenges of reconstructing head and neck defects 3. Understand the different reconstructive options available for specific anatomical regions of the head and neck. Background: Reconstructive surgery of the head and neck is both technically challenging and rewarding. In the past 20 years, significant advances in this field have improved surgical outcomes and patient function. The development and subsequent refinement of microvascular techniques, in particular, have been a major reason for this progression. Methods: In this article, the authors review the current options available in head and neck reconstruction. Because a large number of major craniocervicofacial defects result from oncologic resection, the authors have focused their review on this particular subject. By dividing their discussion into different anatomical sites, the authors hope to cover all major aspects of this broad topic. Results: Free tissue transfer has revolutionized head and neck reconstruction. The most widely used free flaps include the fibula, radial forearm, anterolateral thigh, and rectus abdominis. Restoration of both form and function is the ultimate goal. Conclusions: Although defects of the head and neck region present a challenge, successful cosmetic and functional results have been achieved with both local and free tissue flaps. The flexibility of free tissue transfer, however, has dominated this area and continues to be the method of choice for reconstruction of sizable defects.
CHOOSING GROUPWARE TOOLS AND ELICITATION TECHNIQUES ACCORDING TO STAKEHOLDERS ’ FEATURES

The set of groupware tools used during a distributed development process is usually chosen by taking into account predetermined business politics, managers’ personal preferences, or people in charge of the project. However, perhaps the chosen groupware tools are not the most appropriate for all the group members and it is possible that some of them would not be completely comfortable with them. To avoid this situation we have built a model and its supporting prototype tool which, based on techniques from psychology, suggests an appropriate set of groupware tools and elicitation techniques according to stakeholders’ preferences.
A Review of Progress in Clinical Photodynamic Therapy

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received increased attention since the regulatory approvals have been granted to several photosensitizing drugs and light applicators worldwide. Much progress has been seen in basic sciences and clinical photodynamics in recent years. This review will focus on new developments of clinical investigation and discuss the usefulness of various forms of PDT techniques for curative or palliative treatment of malignant and non-malignant diseases.
Changing the Culture of Schools: Professional Community, Organizational Learning, and Trust

The theme of this special issue of the Journal of School Leadership involves teachers’ professional learning communities. It is satisfying to see a major journal in educational leadership focus on a problem that was seen only dimly two decades ago. This contribution examines the antecedents and underlying research traditions that have culminated in the strong sense of urgency among scholars and practitioners to shift the focus of school reform away from restructuring and toward reculturing (Miller, 1998). In addition, it cautions against the hope that professional learning communities will become a temporary panacea for what ails the public schools and the even greater tendency to develop in professional learning communities interventions that can be implemented, such as a new reading curriculum.
Universal Temporal Profile of Replication Origin Activation in Eukaryotes

Although replication proteins are conserved among eukaryotes, the sequence requirements for replication initiation differ between species. In all species, however, replication origins fire asynchronously throughout S phase. The temporal program of origin firing is reproducible in cell populations but largely probabilistic at the single-cell level. The mechanisms and the significance of this program are unclear. Replication timing has been correlated with gene activity in metazoans but not in yeast. One potential role for a temporal regulation of origin firing is to minimize fluctuations in replication end time and avoid persistence of unreplicated DNA in mitosis. Here, we have extracted the population-averaged temporal profiles of replication initiation rates for S. cerevisiae, S. pombe, D. melanogaster, X. laevis and H. sapiens from genome-wide replication timing and DNA combing data. All the profiles have a strikingly similar shape, increasing during the first half of S phase then decreasing before its end. A previously proposed minimal model of stochastic initiation modulated by accumulation of a recyclable, limiting replication-fork factor and fork-promoted initiation of new origins, quantitatively described the observed profiles without requiring new implementations. The selective pressure for timely completion of genome replication and optimal usage of replication proteins that must be imported into the cell nucleus can explain the generic shape of the profiles. We have identified a universal behavior of eukaryotic replication initiation that transcends the mechanisms of origin specification. The population-averaged efficiency of replication origin usage changes during S phase in a strikingly similar manner in a highly diverse set of eukaryotes. The quantitative model previously proposed for origin activation in X. laevis can be generalized to explain this evolutionary conservation.
Childhood trauma and complex posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in older adults: A study of direct effects and social-interpersonal factors as potential mediators

ABSTRACT Childhood traumatic events may lead to long-lasting psychological effects and contribute to the development of complex posttraumatic sequelae. These might be captured by the diagnostic concept of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) as an alternative to classic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). CPTSD comprises a further set of symptoms in addition to those of PTSD, namely, changes in affect, self, and interpersonal relationships. Previous empirical research on CPTSD has focused on middle-aged adults but not on older adults. Moreover, predictor models of CPTSD are still rare. The current study investigated the association between traumatic events in childhood and complex posttraumatic stress symptoms in older adults. The mediation of this association by 2 social-interpersonal factors (social acknowledgment as a survivor and dysfunctional disclosure) was investigated. These 2 factors focus on the perception of acknowledgment by others and either the inability to disclose traumatic experiences or the ability to do so only with negative emotional reactions. A total of 116 older individuals (age range = 59–98 years) who had experienced childhood traumatic events completed standardized self-report questionnaires indexing childhood trauma, complex trauma sequelae, social acknowledgment, and dysfunctional disclosure of trauma. The results showed that traumatic events during childhood were associated with later posttraumatic stress symptoms but with classic rather than complex symptoms. Social acknowledgment and dysfunctional disclosure partially mediated this relationship. These findings suggest that childhood traumatic stress impacts individuals across the life span and may be associated with particular adverse psychopathological consequences.