Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-resolution spectroscopy and high-density monitoring in X-rays of Novae

The 21st century X-ray observatories XMM-Newton, Chandra, and Swift gave us completely new insights into the X-ray behaviour of nova outbursts. These new-generation X-ray observatories provide particularly high spectral resolution and high density in monitoring campaigns, simultaneously in X-rays and UV/optical. The entire evolution of several nova outbursts has been observed with the Swift XRT and UVOT instruments, allowing studies of the gradual shift of the peak of the SED from UV to X-rays, time scales to the onset and duration of the X-ray brightest supersoft source (SSS) phase, and pre- and post-SSS X-ray emission. In addition, XMM-Newton and Chandra observations can efficiently be scheduled, allowing deeper studies of strategically chosen evolutionary stages. Before Swift joined in 2005, Chandra and XMM-Newton blind shots in search of SSS emission unavoidably led to some underexposed observations taken before and/or after the SSS phase. More systematic Swift studies reduced this number while increasing the number of novae. Pre- and post-SSS spectra at low and high spectral resolution were successfully modelled with collisional plasma models. Pre-SSS emission arises in shocks and post-SSS emission in radiatively cooling thin ejecta. In contrast, the grating spectra taken during the SSS phase are a lot more complex than expected and have not yet been successfully modeled. Available hot WD radiation transport models give only approximate reproduction of the observations, and make some critical assumptions that are only valid in isolated WDs. More grating spectra which would be important to search for systematic trends between SSS spectra and system parameters.
Impact of full field digital mammography diagnosis for female patients with breast cancer

Background: Previous clinical studies have reported that full field digital mammography (FFDM) can be used for diagnosis on breast cancer (BC) with promising outcome results. However, no study systematically investigates its diagnostic impact on female patients with BC. Thus, this systematic review will assess the accurate of FFDM diagnosis on BC. Methods: In this study, we will perform a comprehensive search strategy in the databases as follows: Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDILINE, PSYCINFO, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Information, and Wanfang Data from inception to February 28, 2019. All case-controlled studies exploring the impacts of FFDM diagnosis for patients BC will be fully considered for inclusion in this study. Two authors will independently scan the title and abstracts for relevance, and assess full texts for inclusion. They will also independently extract data and will assess methodological qualify for each included study by using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool. RevMan V.5. 3 software (London, UK) and Stata V.12. 0 software (Texas, USA) will be used to pool the data and to conduct the meta-analysis. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio of FFDM will be used to determine the diagnostic accuracy of FFDM for the diagnosis of patients with BC. Conclusion: Its findings will provide latest evidence for the diagnostic accuracy of FFDM in female patients with BC. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42019125338.
Artificial intelligence in medical education

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) is a growing phenomenon, and will soon facilitate wide-scale changes in many professions, including medical education. In order for medical educators to be properly prepared for AI, they will need to have at least a fundamental knowledge of AI in relation to learning and teaching, and the extent to which it will impact on medical education. This Guide begins by introducing the broad concepts of AI by using fairly well-known examples to illustrate AI’s implications within the context of education. It then considers the impact of AI on medicine and the implications of this impact for educators trying to educate future doctors. Drawing on these strands, it then identifies AI’s direct impact on the methodology and content of medical education, in an attempt to prepare medical educators for the changing demands and opportunities that are about to face them because of AI.
Air pollution and autism in Denmark

Background: Previous autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and air pollution studies focused on pregnancy exposures, but another vulnerable period is immediate postnatally. Here, we examined early life exposures to air pollution from the pre- to the postnatal period and ASD/ASD subtypes in the Danish population. Methods: With Danish registers, we conducted a nationwide case–control study of 15,387 children with ASD born 1989–2013 and 68,139 population controls matched by birth year and sex identified from the birth registry. We generated air dispersion geographic information system (AirGIS) model estimates for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), and particulate matter 10 (PM10) at mothers’ home from 9 months before to 9 months after pregnancy and calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for parental age, neighborhood socioeconomic indicators, and maternal smoking using conditional logistic regression. Results: In models that included all exposure periods, we estimated adjusted ORs for ASD per interquartile range (IQR) increase for 9 months after pregnancy with NO2 of 1.08 (95% CI = 1.01, 1.15) and with PM2.5 of 1.06 (95% CI = 1.01, 1.11); associations were smaller for PM10 (1.04; 95% CI = 1.00, 1.09) and strongest for SO2 (1.21; 95% CI = 1.13, 1.29). Also, associations for pollutants were stronger in more recent years (2000–2013) and in larger cities compared with provincial towns/rural counties. For particles and NO2, associations were only specific to autism and Asperger diagnoses. Conclusions: Our data suggest that air pollutant exposure in early infancy but not during pregnancy increases the risk of being diagnosed with autism and Asperger among children born in Denmark.
Enhanced Activation and Expansion of T Cells Using Mechanically Soft Elastomer Fibers

Emerging cellular therapies require effective platforms for producing clinically relevant numbers of high‐quality cells. This report introduces a materials‐based approach to improving expansion of T cells, a compelling agent for treatment of cancer and a range of other diseases. The system consists of electrospun fibers, which present activating antibodies to CD3 and CD28. These fibers are effective in activating T cells, initiating expansion, and simplify processing of the cellular product, compared to current bead‐base platforms. In addition, reducing the mechanical rigidity of these fibers enhances expansion of mixed populations of human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, providing eightfold greater production of cells in each round of cell growth. This platform also rescues expansion of T cells isolated from CLL patients, which often show limited responsiveness and other features resembling exhaustion. By simplifying the process of cell expansion and improving T cell expansion, the system introduced here provides a powerful tool for the development of cellular immunotherapy.
Protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in youth with inflammatory bowel disease and depression

Introduction Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic autoinflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract with peak age of onset during adolescence and young adulthood. Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with IBD experience higher depression rates compared with peers who are well or have other chronic conditions. Mindfulness-based interventions are of particular interest because of their potential to improve both the course of IBD and depression. Methods and analysis This study is a parallel design, single-blind, pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in AYAs with IBD and depression. The trial aims to recruit 64 participants who will be randomly allocated to MBCT or treatment as usual. The primary outcome measure is the depression subscale score from the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Secondary outcomes include anxiety, stress, post-traumatic growth, IBD-related quality of life, illness knowledge, medication adherence, mindfulness, IBD activity, inflammatory markers, microbiome and brain neuroconnectivity changes. All outcomes other than neuroimaging will be collected at three time points: at baseline, at therapy completion and at 20 weeks. Neuroimaging will be conducted at baseline and at therapy completion. Mixed-effects linear and logistic regression modelling will be used to analyse continuous and dichotomous outcomes, respectively. Participants’ experiences will be explored through focus groups, and thematic analysis will be used to generate relevant themes. Ethics and dissemination The protocol has been approved by the Mater Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) and University of Queensland HREC. Trial findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and will be presented at scientific conferences. Trial registration number ACTRN12617000876392, U1111-1197-7370; Pre-results.
Safety assessment in fracture analysis of concrete structures

New safety format suitable for design of reinforced concrete structures using non-linear analysis are required due to the global nature of such approach. Safety formats based on partial factors, global factors and probabilistic analysis are discussed. Their performance is compared on four examples ranging from statically determinate structures with bending mode of failure up to indeterminate structures with shear failure.
Assessment of metal concentrations in the SOD 1 G 93 A mouse model of 1 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and its potential role in muscular denervation , with 2 particular focus on muscle tissue 3 4

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is among the most common of the motor neuron diseases, and arguably the most devastating. During the course of this fatal neurodegenerative disorder, motor neurons undergo progressive degeneration. The currently best-understood animal models of ALS are based on the over-expression of mutant isoforms of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1); these indicate that there is a perturbation in metal homeostasis with disease progression. Copper metabolism in particular is affected in the central nervous system (CNS) and muscle tissue. Methods: This present study assessed previously published and newly gathered concentrations of transition metals (Cu, Zn, Fe and Se) in CNS (brain and spinal cord) and non-CNS (liver, intestine, heart and muscle) tissues from transgenic mice over-expressing the G93A mutant SOD1 isoform (SOD1 G93A), transgenic mice over-expressing wildtype SOD1 (SOD1WT) and non-transgenic controls. Results: Cu accumulates in non-CNS tissues at pre-symptomatic stages in SOD1G93A tissues. This accumulation represents a potentially pathological feature that cannot solely be explained by the overexpression of mSOD1. As a result of the lack of Cu uptake into the CNS there may be a deficiency of Cu for the over-expressed mutant SOD1 in these tissues. Elevated Cu concentrations in muscle tissue also preceded the onset of symptoms and were found to be pathological and not be the result of SOD1 over-expression. Conclusions: It is hypothesized that the observed Cu accumulations may represent a pathologic feature of ALS, which may actively contribute to axonal retraction leading to muscular denervation, and possibly significantly contributing to disease pathology. Therefore, it is proposed that the toxic-gain-of-function and dying-back hypotheses to explain the molecular drivers of ALS may not be separate, individual processes; rather our data suggests that they are parallel processes. Disciplines Medicine and Health Sciences Publication Details Enge, T. Gabriel. , Ecroyd, H. , Jolley, D. F. , Yerbury, J. J., Kalmar, B. & Dosseto, A. (2018). Assessment of metal concentrations in the SOD1G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and its potential role in muscular denervation, with particular focus on muscle tissue. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, 88 319-329. Authors T. Gabriel Enge, Heath Ecroyd, Dianne F. Jolley, Justin J. Yerbury, Bernadett Kalmar, and Anthony Dosseto This journal article is available at Research Online: https://ro.uow. edu.au/ihmri/1220
Self-Reported Sleep Quality and Actigraphic Measures of Sleep in New Mothers and the Relationship to Postpartum Depressive Symptoms

ABSTRACT Objective: This study’s purpose is to examine relationships between self-reported sleep quality, actigraphy data, and depressive symptoms in a sample of women at 6 and 12 weeks postpartum. Methods: This secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a behavioral sleep intervention measured sleep with actigraphy and self-report. Self-reported measures included the General Sleep Disturbance Scale (GSDS) and mothers’ reports of their sleep as a “small/big/no” problem. Depression was measured with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Control variables included group allocation, baseline EPDS, and social support. Logistic regression estimated the association between self-reported and actigraphic measures of sleep and the presence of postpartum depressive symptoms. Separate models estimated the odds of depression according to each sleep variable. Results: In 217 first-time mothers, GSDS scores in the last week of pregnancy were not related to depression; however, GSDS scores at 6 weeks postpartum were associated with > 3 times the odds of depressive symptoms (OR = 3.56; 95% CI = 1.73–7.33) at either 6 or 12 weeks postpartum. The perception that sleep was a “small” or “big” problem at 6 weeks was associated with > 3 (OR = 3.40; 95% CI = 1.54–7.46) and > 8 (OR = 8.29; 95% CI = 2.41–28.59) times the odds of depressive symptoms at either 6 or 12 weeks, respectively. Significant associations between actigraphic sleep measures and depressive symptoms were not found. Conclusion: Self-reported sleep quality is strongly associated with postpartum depressive symptoms. Sleep concerns may be an important clinical indicator of low mood in the postpartum period. Future intervention studies to improve mood could target sleep concerns via cognitive-behavioral strategies.
Profiling Commenters on Mental Health–Related Online Forums: A Methodological Example Focusing on Eating Disorder–Related Commenters

Background Understanding the characteristics of commenters on mental health–related online forums is vital for the development of effective psychological interventions in these communities. The way in which commenters interact can enhance our understanding of their characteristics. Objective Using eating disorder–related (EDR) forums as an example, this study detailed a methodology that aimed to determine subtypes of mental health–related forums and profile their commenters based on the other forums to which they contributed. Methods The researchers identified all public EDR forums (with ≥500 contributing commenters between March 2017 and February 2018) on a large Web-based discussion platform (Reddit). A mixed-methods approach comprising network analysis with community detection, text mining, and manual review identified subtypes of EDR forums. For each subtype, another network analysis with community detection was conducted using the EDR forum commenter overlap between 50 forums on which the commenters also commented. The topics of forums in each detected community were then manually reviewed to identify the shared interests of each subtype of EDR forum commenters. Results Six subtypes of EDR forums were identified, to which 14,024 commenters had contributed. The results focus on 2 subtypes—proeating disorder and thinspiration—and communities of commenters within both subtypes. Within the proeating disorder subtype, 3 communities of commenters were detected that related to the body and eating, mental health, and women, appearance, and mixed topics. With regard to the thinspiration group, 78.17% (849/1086) of commenters had also commented on pornographic forums and 16.66% (181/1086) had contributed to proeating disorder forums. Conclusions The article exemplifies a methodology that provides insight into subtypes of mental health–related forums and the characteristics of their commenters. The findings have implications for future research and Web-based psychological interventions. With the publicly available data and code provided, researchers can easily reproduce the analyses or utilize the methodology to investigate other mental health–related forums.
Projecting impacts of global climate and land‐use scenarios on plant biodiversity using compositional‐turnover modelling

Nations have committed to ambitious conservation targets in response to accelerating rates of global biodiversity loss. Anticipating future impacts is essential to inform policy decisions for achieving these targets, but predictions need to be of sufficiently high spatial resolution to forecast the local effects of global change. As part of the intercomparison of biodiversity and ecosystem services models of the Intergovernmental Science‐Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, we present a fine‐resolution assessment of trends in the persistence of global plant biodiversity. We coupled generalized dissimilarity models, fitted to >52 million records of >254 thousand plant species, with the species–area relationship, to estimate the effect of land‐use and climate change on global biodiversity persistence. We estimated that the number of plant species committed to extinction over the long term has increased by 60% globally between 1900 and 2015 (from ~10,000 to ~16,000). This number is projected to decrease slightly by 2050 under the most optimistic scenario of land‐use change and to substantially increase (to ~18,000) under the most pessimistic scenario. This means that, in the absence of climate change, scenarios of sustainable socio‐economic development can potentially bring extinction risk back to pre‐2000 levels. Alarmingly, under all scenarios, the additional impact from climate change might largely surpass that of land‐use change. In this case, the estimated number of species committed to extinction increases by 3.7–4.5 times compared to land‐use‐only projections. African regions (especially central and southern) are expected to suffer some of the highest impacts into the future, while biodiversity decline in Southeast Asia (which has previously been among the highest globally) is projected to slow down. Our results suggest that environmentally sustainable land‐use planning alone might not be sufficient to prevent potentially dramatic biodiversity loss, unless a stabilization of climate to pre‐industrial times is observed.
Possible derivation of wave function reduction from the basic quantum principles

Reduction is shown to be a possible consequence of the basic principles of quantum mechanics, involving no branching of the quantum state of the universe. The key feature of a measurement is attributed to the creation of macroscopic germs of ionized tracks, bubbles, sparks and so on, in a superposed quantum state, the main mechanism being a breaking and a restoration of “classicality” in nearby macroscopic objects and their small patterns. A new significance of quantum probabilities, involving no absolute randomness, is also proposed. PACS codes: 03.65 w, 03.65 Ta, 03.65 Yz LPT Orsay 08-25 February 2008 e-mail: Roland.Omnes@th.u-psud.fr Unité Mixte de Recherche (CNRS) UMR 8627
Analysis of existing refrigeration plants onboard fishing vessels and improvement possibilities

The refrigeration plant has shown to be at least one of the largest electricity consumer onboard a fishing vessel, usually assuming 50% of the total power plant. It is therefore natural that efforts on improving energy efficiency have to take into account this installation and try to provide solutions for the reduction of consumption. In this paper a brief overview of the main types of refrigeration plants is made, identifying their characteristics and needs for each of the different types of fishing methods. Also, existing technologies whose implementation would result in energy savings are revised. These solutions have to consider various aspects of the cooling process, as the design and analysis of freezing systems and the holds themselves, control systems, different refrigerants and the influence of environmental regulation in this area, as well as the use of alternative energies such as the use of heat waste, either in absorption systems or Organic Rankine Cycles. Keywordsrefrigeration plants; energy efficiency; heat waste recovery.
Ju l 2 01 5 EIGENVALUE DISTRIBUTION OF BIPARTITE LARGE WEIGHTED RANDOM GRAPHS

We study eigenvalue distribution of the adjacency matrix A of weighted random bipartite graphs Γ = ΓN,p. We assume that the graphs have N vertices, the ratio of parts is α 1 − α and the average number of edges attached to one vertex is α · p or (1 − α) · p. To each edge of the graph eij we assign a weight given by a random variable aij with the finite second moment. We consider the resolvents G(z) of A and study the functions f1,N(u, z) = 1 [αN ] ∑[αN ] k=1 e −ua2kG (N,p,α) kk (z) and f2,N (u, z) = 1 N−[αN ] ∑N k=[αN ]+1 e −ua2kG (N,p,α) kk (z) in the limitN → ∞. We derive closed system of equations that uniquely determine the limiting functions f1(u, z) and f2(u, z). This system of equations allow us to prove the existence of the limiting measure σp,α . The weak convergence in probability of normalized eigenvalue counting measures is proved.
Using Multimodal Displays to Signify Critical Handovers of Control to Distracted Autonomous Car Drivers

Copyright © 2017, IGI Global. Until full autonomy is achieved in cars, drivers will still be expected to take over control of driving, and critical warnings will be essential. This paper presents a comparison of abstract versus language-based multimodal warnings signifying handovers of control in autonomous cars. While using an autonomous car simulator, participants were distracted from the road by playing a game on a tablet. An automation failure together with a car in front braking was then simulated; a rare but very critical situation for a non-attentive driver to be in. Multimodal abstract or language-based warnings signifying this situation were then delivered, either from the simulator or from the tablet, in order to discover the most effective location. Results showed that abstract cues, including audio, and cues delivered from the tablet improved handovers. This indicates the potential of moving simple but salient autonomous car warnings to where a gaming side task takes place.