Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RISK-ADJUSTED PERFORMANCES OF WORLD EQUITY INDICES YIGIT ATILGAN

This paper investigates whether equity indices of 24 emerging and 28 developed markets compensate their investors equally after taking risk into account. We place special emphasis on downside risk by calculating both nonparametric and parametric value at risk. We find that when all 52 markets are ranked based on their alternative reward-to-risk ratios, almost all of the countries in the top quartile are emerging markets whereas almost all of the countries in the bottom quartile are developed markets. These results are supported by the finding that pooled means of the reward-to-risk ratios are significantly higher for emerging markets compared to those of developed markets. Focusing on the period after the initiation of the recent financial crisis reveals that, although both developed and emerging markets suffered in terms of generating higher returns per unit risk, emerging markets continued to outperform developed markets and the outperformance became more pronounced. JEL Classification Numbers: G10, G11, G12, G15.
Dynamic Trend Detection in U . S . Border Security Social-Media Networks

Detecting temporal trends in large networks has strategic importance in many domains, such as cybersecurity and social media analytics, where the activities of key actors (e.g., activists, terrorists, leaders) are concerned. In a large evolving network, the relationships of actors in the network often change over time. Characterizing these changes can provide important insight on individualand group-level activities. This insight can inform situational understanding and intelligence analysis in the cyber domain. This research developed and validated a dynamic network activity model to characterize temporal trends in a large social-media network of interactive human agents. The model supports prediction of agent activities over time through modeling agents’ network interactions and network growth. We argue that large social-media networks exhibit significant effects of randomness and exponential growth due to community size, low connection cost, and high reachability. To study its predictive accuracy, the model was compared against an existing model that is based on exponential aggregation of agent activities. The two models were validated using a social-media community focused on U.S. border and immigration security. The community consists of 210,921 human agents who posted 533,246 messages and formed 453,552 links among agents. Temporal networks were extracted from the community, where each network captures a pre-defined temporal length of activities. Each model was used to predict activities of human agents given their historical activity levels. We implemented these prediction using Apache Spark, a distributed bigdata platform, and its graph computation package, GraphX. The experimental results show that the proposed model achieved significantly better accuracy than the baseline model. This research should contribute to providing new approaches and system artifacts for dynamic trend detection in social-media networks, reporting new findings of network trend detection, and providing new technical approaches to process large graph-based data.
The new AACSB accreditation standards: a prospect of tiering?

An investigation of the attitudes of deans of accredited and non‐accredited schools found that their attitudes differed with respect to Cheit’s (1985) two dimensions: “academic” and “professional”. This difference was related to the three tiers of accredited schools implied by the new AACSB accreditation standards. Discusses implications.
INTERNATIONAL TOURISTS TREND: THE CASE OF INDONESIAN OUTBOUND TOURIST IN AUSTRALIA

Type of tourists determines the development of tourism industry in certain region. This paper briefly analyzes the condition from each region in the world. Moreover, Indonesian tourist behavior in Australia is used as the case study to discuss the type of tourists that can influence the tourism industry, especially based on the type of accommodation and the food bought. Literature research is done to present the data in this paper, by using theories of tourists typology.
On the relationship between personal experience, affect and risk perception: The case of climate change

Examining the conceptual relationship between personal experience, affect, and risk perception is crucial in improving our understanding of how emotional and cognitive process mechanisms shape public perceptions of climate change. This study is the first to investigate the interrelated nature of these variables by contrasting three prominent social-psychological theories. In the first model, affect is viewed as a fast and associative information processing heuristic that guides perceptions of risk. In the second model, affect is seen as flowing from cognitive appraisals (i.e., affect is thought of as a post-cognitive process). Lastly, a third, dual-process model is advanced that integrates aspects from both theoretical perspectives. Four structural equation models were tested on a national sample (N = 808) of British respondents. Results initially provide support for the “cognitive” model, where personal experience with extreme weather is best conceptualized as a predictor of climate change risk perception and, in turn, risk perception a predictor of affect. Yet, closer examination strongly indicates that at the same time, risk perception and affect reciprocally influence each other in a stable feedback system. It is therefore concluded that both theoretical claims are valid and that a dual-process perspective provides a superior fit to the data. Implications for theory and risk communication are discussed. © 2014 The Authors. European Journal of Social Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antigenic characterization of intermediate adenovirus 14-11 strains associated with upper respiratory illness in a military camp

An unusual variant of adenovirus (AV) 11 was isolated from throat and rectal swabs from six persons with upper respiratory illness in a Spanish military camp in March 1969. The same strain was serologically related to the upper respiratory illness of seven other men among 25 sample cases studied in detail. After strain purification, the virus was grouped as an AV by standard biological tests; it possessed the usual titers of group-specific hexon antigen but only low hemagglutinin titers (1:4 to 1:8) with erythrocytes from selected rhesus monkeys. The virus gave little reaction in hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests with antisera to AV 1 through 35, but was neutralized to homologous titers by AV 11 antiserum. Reciprocally, rabbit and guinea pig antisera to the isolates possessed high HI antibody titers to prototype AV 14 and high serum neutralization (SN) antibody titers to prototype AV 11. On this basis, the variants were classified as AV 14-11 intermediates. Sequential serum specimens from the patients with and without positive cultures showed diagnostic rises in HI and SN antibody levels to the AV 14-11 intermediate and to prototype AV 11, but little response to AV 14.
Alphavirus Restriction by IFITM Proteins

Interferon inducible transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) are broad‐spectrum antiviral factors. In cell culture the entry of many enveloped viruses, including orthomyxo‐, flavi‐, and filoviruses, is inhibited by IFITMs, though the mechanism(s) involved remain unclear and may vary between viruses. We demonstrate that Sindbis and Semliki Forest virus (SFV), which both use endocytosis and acid‐induced membrane fusion in early endosomes to infect cells, are restricted by the early endosomal IFITM3. The late endosomal IFITM2 is less restrictive and the plasma membrane IFITM1 does not inhibit normal infection by either virus. IFITM3 inhibits release of the SFV capsid into the cytosol, without inhibiting binding, internalization, trafficking to endosomes or low pH‐induced conformational changes in the envelope glycoprotein. Infection by SFV fusion at the cell surface was inhibited by IFITM1, but was equally inhibited by IFITM3. Furthermore, an IFITM3 mutant (Y20A) that is localized to the plasma membrane inhibited infection by cell surface fusion more potently than IFITM1. Together, these results indicate that IFITMs, in particular IFITM3, can restrict alphavirus infection by inhibiting viral fusion with cellular membranes. That IFITM3 can restrict SFV infection by fusion at the cell surface equivalently to IFITM1 suggests that IFITM3 has greater antiviral potency against SFV.
Nature of worldview presuppositions among science teachers in botswana, indonesia, japan, nigeria, and the philippines

The focus of this study was to identify the nature of worldview presuppositions held by a group of science teachers from five non-western cultures. The results show that the subjects, irrespective of their cultural backgrounds, hold identical worldview presuppositions. It is not clear at this exploratory stage to what extent the subjects' alternative viewpoints influenced their scientific outlook or their science teaching. However, an analysis of the subjects' viewpoints suggests either poor conceptualizations of the nature of science or a form of collateral thinking, whereby an individual accepts or uses both mechanistic and anthropomorphic explanations depending on the context in question and without exhibiting any sign of cognitive dissonance. The implications of such a scenario for the teaching-learning process are highlighted.
Tissue Distribution Studies of Protein Therapeutics Using Molecular Probes: Molecular Imaging

Molecular imaging techniques for protein therapeutics rely on reporter labels, especially radionuclides or sometimes near-infrared fluorescent moieties, which must be introduced with minimal perturbation of the protein’s function in vivo and are detected non-invasively during whole-body imaging. PET is the most sensitive whole-body imaging technique available, making it possible to perform biodistribution studies in humans with as little as 1 mg of injected antibody carrying 1 mCi (37 MBq) of zirconium-89 radiolabel. Different labeling chemistries facilitate a variety of optical and radionuclide methods that offer complementary information from microscopy and autoradiography and offer some trade-offs in whole-body imaging between cost and logistic difficulty and image quality and sensitivity (how much protein needs to be injected). Interpretation of tissue uptake requires consideration of label that has been catabolized and possibly residualized. Image contrast depends as much on background signal as it does on tissue uptake, and so the choice of injected dose and scan timing guides the selection of a suitable label and helps to optimize image quality. Although only recently developed, zirconium-89 PET techniques allow for the most quantitative tomographic imaging at millimeter resolution in small animals and they translate very well into clinical use as exemplified by studies of radiolabeled antibodies, including trastuzumab in breast cancer patients, in The Netherlands.
Skeletal muscle inflammation and nitric oxide in patients with COPD

In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) the presence of systemic inflammation has been associated with peripheral muscle abnormalities and weight loss. To study whether inflammatory factors are important in these processes, the present study compared the skeletal muscle levels of nitrite, nitrate, nitrotyrosine, neuronal, endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases (nNOS, eNOS, and iNOS, respectively), and inflammatory markers (tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, CD154 and CD163) in 15 patients (forced expiratory volume in one second 43±11%) and 14 controls. All these markers were also compared between patients with normal and low body weight. Nitrite (12.5±2.6 versus 17.0±3.4 μmol·mg−1 protein), nitrate (20.7±2.4 versus 24.4±4.5 μmol·mg−1 protein) and eNOS (31.9±4.6 versus 43.6±7.5 ng·mg−1 protein) were lower in COPD patients than in controls. Nitrotyrosine (25.6±5.4 versus 6.6±3.3 ng·mg−1 protein), iNOS expression (32±9.5 versus 7.16±2.7 ng·mg−1 protein), TNF-α (257±160 versus 48.3±4.4 pg·mg−1 protein) and CD163 (6.4±2.1 versus 0.8±0.4 ng·mg−1 protein) were higher in COPD patients than in controls. CD154 levels were 15.7±7.0 ng·mg−1 protein in COPD patients and undetectable in controls. Similar levels of all these markers were observed in COPD patients with normal and low body weight. In conclusion, these findings suggest the presence of an inflammatory process in the muscle tissue of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, and argue in favour of its participation in the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle abnormalities.
Polynomial Batch Codes for Efficient IT-PIR

Abstract Private information retrieval (PIR) is a way for clients to query a remote database without the database holder learning the clients’ query terms or the responses they generate. Compelling applications for PIR are abound in the cryptographic and privacy research literature, yet existing PIR techniques are notoriously inefficient. Consequently, no such PIRbased application to date has seen real-world at-scale deployment. This paper proposes new “batch coding” techniques to help address PIR’s efficiency problem. The new techniques exploit the connection between ramp secret sharing schemes and efficient information-theoretically secure PIR (IT-PIR) protocols. This connection was previously observed by Henry, Huang, and Goldberg (NDSS 2013), who used ramp schemes to construct efficient “batch queries” with which clients can fetch several database records for the same cost as fetching a single record using a standard, non-batch query. The new techniques in this paper generalize and extend those of Henry et al. to construct “batch codes” with which clients can fetch several records for only a fraction the cost of fetching a single record using a standard non-batch query over an unencoded database. The batch codes are highly tuneable, providing a means to trade off (i) lower server-side computation cost, (ii) lower server-side storage cost, and/or (iii) lower uni- or bi-directional communication cost, in exchange for a comparatively modest decrease in resilience to Byzantine database servers.
Low ferritin levels indicate the need for iron supplementation: strategy to minimize iron‐depletion in regular blood donors

Iron deficiency is a common problem in regular blood donors which can be prevented by timely iron supplementation. Consequently, these donors should be supplied with oral iron in good time. We evaluated the need to use ferritin rather than or in addition to haemoglobin to screen iron deficiency in blood donors. To this end, serum ferritin was measured routinely every 10th donation in 632 long‐term and 171 first‐time donors. Furthermore, donors with ferritin < 15 μg L−1 were supplemented with iron. The supplementation efficiency was assessed by follow‐up haemoglobin levels over the course of five donations in blood donors with high donation frequency. Our results showed that ferritin decreases after 10 donations and with the increase of donation frequency. In 26% of regular donors, ferritin levels were < 15 μg L−1 and 12% of them were anaemic due to low haemoglobin. After iron supplementation, haemoglobin was raised rapidly in donors with initially low haemoglobin, and thus donor deferment was never indicated. In conclusion, regular ferritin measurement is a useful indicator for iron depletion in blood donors. Our data suggested the usefulness of ferritin screening in first‐time donors and regular donors with low haemoglobin levels within the normal range.
Teaching pigeons to dance: sense and meaning in entrepreneurship education

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the philosophical and conceptual understanding of entrepreneurship education through borrowing and applying conceptualisations of education from education theory to bring deeper meaning to approaches to entrepreneurship education in UK higher education institutions (HEIs). Design/methodology/approach – This paper identifies existing theoretical and conceptual frameworks from adult education and applies these to the phenomenon of entrepreneurship education as a sense‐making tool from which deeper insights and understanding are gained.Findings – As a conceptual paper the “findings” relate to the unearthing of the inherent drivers and values to the design and delivery of entrepreneurship education in UK HEIs. Applying education theoretical frameworks enables presentation of a purposeful and guiding framework for effective curricula design in entrepreneurship thereby enabling coherence and cohesion of approach and achievable outcomes. Furthermore, the paper maps the purpose.
Forces between aqueous nonuniformly charged colloids from molecular simulation

NVT Monte Carlo simulation results are presented for the forces between charged colloids within the primitive model for electrolytes. The calculations show that when charged colloids have a net dipole moment, a strong attraction can arise at short separations. The attractive force is not purely electrostatic; significant contributions follow from hard-sphere collisions between the electrolyte ions and the colloidal particles. In divalent electrolyte solutions, nonuniformly charged colloids show an oscillatory force profile as a function of separation, due to layering of electrolyte ions around the interacting colloids. Simulation results are compared to two analytical models derived from classical Debye–Huckel screened potentials. In the first model, contributions from charge–charge, dipole–dipole, and charge–dipole interactions are independently angle-averaged and then added to obtain the colloid–colloid potential. In the second model, the pair potential is obtained by simultaneously angle-averaging all .
Host Recognition Responses of Western (Family: Chrysomelidae) Corn Rootworm Larvae to RNA Interference and Bt Corn

Western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte is an important pest of corn whose larvae exhibit particular quantifiable patterns of locomotion after exposure to, and removal from, host roots and nonhost roots. Using EthoVision software, the behavior and locomotion of the western corn rootworm larvae was analyzed to determine the level of host recognition to germinated roots of differing corn hybrids containing either rootworm targeted Bt genes, RNA interference (RNAi) technology, the stack of both Bt and RNAi, or the isoline of these. The behavior of the rootworm larvae indicated a significant host preference response to all corn hybrids (with or without insecticidal traits) compared to the filter paper and oat roots. A weaker host response to the RNAi corn roots was observed in the susceptible larvae when compared to the resistant larvae, but not for the Bt + RNAi vector stack. Additionally, the resistant larvae demonstrated a weaker host response to the isoline corn roots when compared to the susceptible larvae. Although weaker, these host responses were significantly different from those observed in the negative controls, indicating that all hybrids tested do contain the contact cues necessary to elicit a host preference response by both Cry3Bb1-resistant and Cry3Bb1-susceptible larvae that would work to hinder resistance development in refuge in a bag fields.
The invisible infrastructure of standards

This is a 'review essay' of three books: (1) Standards: recipes for reality , by Lawrence Busch, Cambridge and London, The MIT Press, 2011, 390 pp., $23.99 (hardcover), ISBN 978-0-262-01638-4 ---(2) The gold standard: the challenge of evidence-based medicine and standardization in health care, by Stefan Timmermans and Marc Berg, Philadelphia, Temple University Press, 2003, 269 pp., $25.95 (paperback), ISBN 978-1-59213-188-4 ---(3) Standards and their stories: how quantifying, classifying, and formalizing practices shape everyday life , edited by Martha Lampland and Susan Leigh Star, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 2009, 244 pp., $22.95 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-8014-7461-3
Resisting Alienation: The Social Construction of Internet Communities Supporting Eating Disorders

The Internet provides a growing context for online groups, allowing those with ostracized societal beliefs to converge. Among recent groups are those that support a pro-eating disordered lifestyle. Using Bormann's fantasy theme analysis 12 message boards were examined to understand how members of pro-eating disordered groups construct their social reality. The rhetorical vision of these members developed as a result of two conflicting reality types, positive and negative. The positive type reinforced the eating disorder persona and allowed members to view the condition as abnormal and crazy, yet accepted. While the negative type represented settings in which members face societal standards of eating disorders. It is the conflict of the two worlds that form this group's worldview.
Exertional Costs of Changes in Directional Modes of Running

The energy expended and perceived exertion were determined for 9 soccer players while running forwards, backwards, and sideways at three treadmill speeds. The unorthodox modes of motion produced energy expenditure levels and subjective reactions similar to each other but significantly greater than running forwards. The added exertional costs of running backwards and sideways increased disproportionately at the higher speeds.
Metamaterial-Like Properties of the Distributed SIS Tunnel Junction

The propagation factor of the Niobium-based distributed Superconductor-Insulator-Superconductor (SIS) tunnel junction has been modelled for frequencies between 70- 200 GHz. In the modelling, the distributed SIS junction was simulated as a microstrip distributed component. Furthermore, in our studies, the reactive part of the SIS tunnel junction quantum admittance was included in the model circuit diagram. It was shown that the SIS quantum reactance has significant effects on both the loss factor, Re (γ), and phase factor, Im (γ), where γ is the complex propagation constant. I. INTRODUCTION
Pose-oriented face images acquisition platform

Among many computer vision applications one can find substantial group of applications that are based on head pose detection of an object. For reliable pose estimation typically the decent detection and landmark localization is needed. In order to develop and test these algorithms the face images database acquired from different camera viewpoints is required. Because of the scarcity of publicly available face pose databases that provide high quality face images at different poses, the authors decided to build a dedicated stand for acquisition of such data and collect the data. It will enable the development and testing of pose detection algorithms.
Eigenvalue assignments for large-scale discrete systems containing delayed interconnections: A two-level control

A two-level control scheme is utilized to satisfy eigenvalue assignments for discrete-time, delayed interconnected systems. A preliminary feedback is applied to minimize the interconnections' effect. It is then shown that the perturbations of the interconnections during operation is equivalent to the creation of a higher hierarchical level that accounts for such disruptions. Conditions are derived for connective assignability, that is, for preserving the same eigenvalues and eigenvectors despite certain perturbations of the interconnections during operation.
Framing Europe: Attitudes to European Integration in Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom

Framing Europe: Attitudes to European Integration in Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom. By Juan Diez Medrano. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003. 344p. $39.95. During the 1990s, a number of scholarly books and articles appeared in both Europe and North America to help explain the preferences and motivations of European mass publics concerning the European integration process. These scholarly efforts were spawned in large part by the vast amount of survey data generated by the Commission of the European Union in its efforts to monitor public opinion on issues pertaining to the European Union.