Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Audit of Tuberculosis from Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of tuberculosis and its types in patients admitted in Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. And to make the patients aware of possible consequences of tuberculosis and protective measures that should be taken. Materials and Methods: A consecutive case series was done among 150 diagnosed tuberculosis patients of age group 14 to 75 years admitted in different medical units of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore during a period of three months (from September 2011 to November 2011). Data was collected by interviewing the patients using a self administered questionnaire and also by extracting their history files. Information sought included demographic data, signs and symptoms, and risk factors of TB. Results: A total of 150 patients, majority 79% male participated in the study. About half of the patients were of age group 30-50 years. A large proportion of the patients 81% were illiterate and belong to the lower socioeconomic class. Almost 59% of cases had pulmonary TB, 27% had abdominal TB, 7% had vertebral tuberculosis and 7% had meningeal tuberculosis. Most of the patients 74% were taking anti TB medicine. About 57% of the cases had positive contact history. A vast number of patients 90% had anorexia, majority 91% patients had weight loss, and 80% of the patients experienced fatigue and flu like symptoms were observed in 7% of the patients. Fifty nine percent had high grade fever; in 84% of the patients fever was associated with chills and rigor and accompanied by night sweats in 71% of cases. The pulmonary symptoms of tuberculosis including cough was present in 64%, dyspnea in 53% of the patients, hemoptysis in 48% of cases, and pleuiritic chest pain in 40% of the patients. Conclusion: Tuberculosis is a curable disease but its number is increasing day by day in Pakistan mainly because of illiteracy and poverty and lack of awareness about TB. No necessary steps are being taken to prevent the spread of TB. Even in most of the government hospitals there are no isolated wards available for TB patients. Awareness about the spread, symptomatology, treatment and consequences of TB particularly to the patient and to general population is recommended.
Sınıf Öğretmeni Adaylarına Göre Öğretim Elemanlarının Demokratik ve Demokratik Olmayan Tutum ve Davranışları / Democratic and Non-Democratic Attitudes and Behaviors of Faculty Members According to Teacher Candidates

Democracy is evaluated as a life style from the existence of humanity until present, and it is regarded as the last ideal management style in an ongoing quest. Democracy creates the sample of behavior to the path of political society, an adoption as a way of life style, not only notions of human rights, but also aims to create awareness about human values related concepts. It has been observed that the closest communities to reach these goals of democracy at present achieve this through education, the most effective communication path. Therefore, schools that are the most important institutions in which democracy education is given are required to complete not only the educational activities for academic success but also educational activities which people can make a way of life style adopting democracy. In this study, it is objected to observe the democratic or non-democratic attitudes and behaviors of faculty members according to prospective teachers. The research is carried out by the methods of qualitative research. 110 students are enrolled in the fourth grade at Ataturk University, Kazim Karabekir Education Faculty, the department of Teacher Education, and the Department of Primary Education. In this study semi-structured interview form created by the researchers was used to collect data. In the form of interview, open-ended questions were asked to teacher candidates about the classroom management of faculty member and their democratic and non-democratic attitudes and behaviors. Their answers to questions were presented in the form of categories as themes and sub-themes by being analyzed by content analysis technique used in qualitative research
THE EFFECT OF GLYPHOSATE ON SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . vi VITA . vii LIST OF TABLES . xii LIST OF FIGURES . xiii CHAPTER 1: THE EFFECT OF GLYPHOSATE ON SOIL MICROBIAL ACTIVITY, COMMUNITY STRUCTURE, AND SOIL POTASSIUM: AN INCUBATION STUDY 1 ABSTRACT . 2. 2 INTRODUCTION . 4 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 10 Soils . 10 Experiment I: Glyphosate Use History and Rate of Application . 11 Experiment II: Repeated Application Incubation . 12 Soil Analytical Methods . 13 Statistical Analysis . 15 ix RESULTS . 17 Experiment I: Glyphosate Use History and Rate of Application . 17 Experiment II: Repeated Application Incubation . 19 DISCUSSION . 21 TABLES . 25 Table 1.1. Properties of Soils. 25 Table 1.2. Fatty Acid Methyl Esters used as Biomarkers for Taxonomic Grouping . 26 Table 1.3. Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Ratios used in Data Analysis . 27 Table 1.4. Percentage difference in respiration rate . 28 LIST OF FIGURES . 29 Figure 1.1 . 31 Figure 1.2 . 32 Figure 1.3 . 33 Figure 1.4 . 34 Figure 1.5 . 35 Figure 1.6 . 36 REFERENCES . 37
Self-Sensing Three-Pole Magnetic Bearing Using a Kalman Filter

Self-sensing active magnetic bearing is designed by a new approach. The approach aims to solve the observer bias problem by introducing a Kalman filter. In order to verify the validity of the approach, a Kalman filter is designed for a three-pole homopolar magnetic bearing and used to estimate the radial displacement and velocity of the rotor. The electric current is driven by a linear power-amplifier circuit to flow through the coils, and the coil terminal voltage is passed through an analog first-order low-pass filter with a cut-off frequency of 100 Hz. The designed Kalman filter uses the filtered coil-voltage and the controller inputs as an input for calculating the estimate. The unobservable bias is estimated as an unknown state, and the Kalman-filter estimates are numerically simulated by the measured input/output data. The results show that the bias is successfully estimated to overlap the estimated displacement to its measurement
Review article: the management of paediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Paediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major public health concern given the recent increase in its prevalence and link to obesity and other metabolic comorbidities. Current treatment strategies involve lifestyle changes. Other surgical and pharmacologic interventions have been proposed; however, limited randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in the paediatric population restrict their use.
Perilipin 5, a lipid droplet-associated protein, provides physical and metabolic linkage to mitochondria[S]

Maintaining cellular lipid homeostasis is crucial to oxidative tissues, and it becomes compromised in obesity. Lipid droplets (LD) play a central role in lipid homeostasis by mediating fatty acid (FA) storage in the form of triglyceride, thereby lowering intracellular levels of lipids that mediate cellular lipotoxicity. LDs and mitochondria have interconnected functions, and anecdotal evidence suggests they physically interact. However, the mechanisms of interaction have not been identified. Perilipins are LD-scaffolding proteins and potential candidates to play a role in their interaction with mitochondria. We examined the contribution of LD perilipin composition to the physical and metabolic interactions between LD and mitochondria using multiple techniques: confocal imaging, electron microscopy (EM), and lipid storage and utilization measurements. Using neonatal cardiomyocytes, reconstituted cell culture models, and rodent heart tissues, we found that perilipin 5 (Plin5) recruits mitochondria to the LD surface through a C-terminal region. Compared with control cells, Plin5-expressing cells show decreased LD hydrolysis, decreased palmitate β-oxidation, and increased palmitate incorporation into triglycerides in basal conditions, whereas in stimulated conditions, LD hydrolysis inhibition is lifted and FA released for β-oxidation. These results suggest that Plin5 regulates oxidative LD hydrolysis and controls local FA flux to protect mitochondria against excessive exposure to FA during physiological stress.
Cosmic velocity fields and their interpretation.

We review the current status of our knowledge of cosmic velocity fields, on both small and large scales. A new statistic is described that characterizes the incoherent, thermal component of the velocity field on scales less than 2h-1 Mpc (h is H0/100 km.s-1.Mpc-1, where H0 is the Hubble constant and 1 Mpc = 3.09 x 10(22) m) and smaller. The derived velocity is found to be quite stable across different catalogs and is of remarkably low amplitude, consistent with an effective Omega approximately 0.15 on this scale. We advocate the use of this statistic as a standard diagnostic of the small-scale kinetic energy of the galaxy distribution. The analysis of large-scale flows probes the velocity field on scales of 10-60 h-1 Mpc and should be adequately described by linear perturbation theory. Recent work has focused on the comparison of gravity or density fields derived from whole-sky redshift surveys of galaxies [e.g., the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS)] with velocity fields derived from a variety of sources. All the algorithms that directly compare the gravity and velocity fields suggest low values of the density parameter, while the POTENT analysis, using the same data but comparing the derived IRAS galaxy density field with the Mark-III derived matter density field, leads to much higher estimates of the inferred density. Since the IRAS and Mark-III fields are not fully consistent with each other, the present discrepancies might result from the very different weighting applied to the data in the competing methods.
The Safety of Postmenopausal Testosterone Therapy

Testosterone is increasingly used as part of postmenopausal HRT regimens. Unfortunately, few androgenic preparations designed specifically for use in women have been approved by regulatory authorities. Ongoing concerns exist surrounding the potential long-term effects of testosterone therapy, Here, we review the most recent data on postmenopausal testosterone therapy, focusing particularly on the effects of testosterone on breast, endometrium and cardiovascular health.
Analyse du phénomène de préférence pour les titres nationaux et implications en gestion de portefeuille international

Motivee par la perspective de gains superieurs a ceux esperes sur le marche financier domestique et par la diminution du risque, la diversification internationale constitue l'un des fondements de la theorie financiere internationale. Pourtant l'observation de la composition des portefeuilles revele une preference patente pour les titres financiers nationaux. L'objet de cette etude est de proposer une explication tangible a ce paradoxe. Apres avoir presente les explications avancees par la theorie financiere dans le cadre des modeles internationaux d'evaluation des actifs financiers (Chap. 1) et souligne leurs limites (chap. 2), nous analysons le role de l'inflation. Nous proposons deux explications : l'heterogeneite de la population et l'existence de couts d'acquisition d'information d'une part et l'importance des biens non echanges, en particulier le capital humain, d'autre part. Pour chacune des propositions, nous developpons un modele international d'evaluation des actifs financiers et etablissons les conclusions quant a la composition optimale des portefeuilles (chap. 3 et 4). Face aux limites d'equilibre partiel, nous rappelons les apports des modeles internationaux d'equilibre general (chap. 5). Nous developpons un modele international d'equilibre general ou la population est heterogene, en proposant une modelisation des couts d'acquisition d'information (chap. 5). Afin de rendre endogene les deviations de la loi du prix unique, nous utilisons une autre modelisation et soumettons un modele international d'equilibvre general avec choix de portefeuille avant de presenter ses cocnclusions quant a la composition generale des portefeuilles (chap. 6).
A pilot study to determine penile oxygen saturation before and after vacuum therapy in patients with erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy.

INTRODUCTION Provoked and spontaneous nocturnal erections are thought to play a role in maintenance of male sexual health through oxygenation of the corpus cavernosa. Conversely, hypoxia is thought to be an etiological factor in the pathogenesis of cavernosal fibrosis and long-term erectile dysfunction. It has been hypothesized that the early penile hypoxia after radical prostatectomy (RP) may lead to fibrosis and consequently a decrease in stretched penile length and long-term erectile dysfunction. AIM The aim of this study was to assess the changes in penile tissue oxygenation with vacuum erection device (VED) use. METHODS Twenty men between 2 and 24 months following RP were enrolled prospectively. Each man cycled a VED to achieve full erection 10 consecutive times over a period of approximately 2 minutes without constriction ring. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Tissue oximetry was measured at baseline and immediately after VED using a tissue oximeter at five sites: right thigh, right corpora, glans, left corpora, and left thigh. Additional measurements were captured over the course of an hour. RESULTS Mean age and time from surgery was 58.2 years and 12.6 months, respectively, and the average Sexual Health Inventory for Men score was 7. Use of the VED significantly increased both glanular and corporal oximetry relative to the baseline values for the entire 60 minutes. An initial increase of 55% was seen in corporal oxygenation with VED use. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study demonstrating that a single, brief application of the VED without a constriction ring results in significant improvement in penile oxygen saturation. The use of a VED has significant benefits for patients both with regard to cost and invasiveness when compared with other penile rehabilitation protocols.
Screening newborns for inborn errors of metabolism by tandem mass spectrometry.

BACKGROUND The recent development of electrospray tandem mass spectrometry makes it possible to screen newborns for many rare inborn errors of metabolism, but the efficacy and outcomes of screening remain unknown. We examined the effect of the screening of newborns by tandem mass spectrometry on the rates of diagnosis of 31 disorders. METHODS We compared the rates of detection of 31 inborn errors affecting the metabolism of the urea cycle, amino acids, and organic acids and fatty-acid oxidation among 362,000 newborns screened by tandem mass spectrometry over a four-year period (April 1998 through March 2002) with the rates in six preceding four-year birth cohorts in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, Australia, where screening, diagnostic, and clinical services were centralized. RESULTS The overall prevalence of disorders during the periods when clinical diagnosis was used did not vary between 1982 and 1998. In the cohort screened with tandem mass spectrometry, the prevalence of inborn errors, excluding phenylketonuria, was 15.7 per 100,000 births (95 percent confidence interval, 11.9 to 20.4), as compared with adjusted rates of 8.6 to 9.5 per 100,000 births in the four preceding four-year cohorts. Of the 57 cases diagnosed after the introduction of newborn screening, 15 were diagnosed clinically; 7 of the 15 newborns had a normal result on screening. The rate of detection was increased specifically for medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (P<0.001) and other disorders of fatty-acid oxidation (P=0.007), as compared with the 16-year period before the implementation of neonatal screening for these disorders. CONCLUSIONS More cases of inborn errors of metabolism are diagnosed by screening with tandem mass spectrometry than are diagnosed clinically. It is not yet clear which patients with disorders diagnosed by such screening would have become symptomatic if screening had not been performed.
Occupational therapists' experiences of improvement work: a journey towards sustainable evidence-based practice

Abstract Objective: The aim of this qualitative descriptive study was to describe occupational therapists' experiences of participating in long-term improvement work based on the Occupational Therapy Intervention Process Model. Method. Data were collected by focus groups interviewed on two occasions (2006 and 2011). Nineteen occupational therapists participated on each occasion. The data obtained were analysed using a qualitative content analysis. Findings. The long-term improvement work was experienced as a journey towards sustainable and evidence-based occupational therapy practice. The journey, guided by the Occupational Therapy Intervention Process Model, led to increased client-centred and occupation-focused practice. The long journey of change involved three intertwined themes. The first theme describes how the occupational therapists transformed their thoughts and actions on an individual and group level. The second theme describes how they dealt with conflicting feelings and faced the duality of change. The third theme describes a shared professional culture, including confidence, clarity, and inter-professional community. Conclusion: The study shows how the collective use of an occupational therapy model of practice can lead to an integration of evidence-based knowledge that has long-lasting achievements in practice.
Combined MRC Diversity and Adaptive Soft Decision Feedback Differential Detection Technique

In this paper, a new decision-feedback differential detection (DF-DD) scheme is proposed, which can significantly reduce the irreducible BER due to the Doppler spread by using an adaptive linear prediction combined with a maximal ratio combining (MRC) diversity technique. The combined adaptive DF-DD and MRC diversity can produce a performance gain as compared to a conventional DF-DD with MRC diversity. Furthermore, this paper proposes a new application in a soft-decision decoding which overcomes the limitation that DF-DD could be used only in a hard-decision based system.
Molecular diagnosis of MACC1 status in lung adenocarcinoma by immunohistochemical analysis.

BACKGROUND Recently, we reported that overexpression of metastasis-associated colon cancer-1 (MACC1) mRNA may be a useful marker for predicting postoperative recurrence in patients with lung adenocarcinoma following surgery. However, the biological significance of mRNA overexpression is difficult to determine and is not widely used because mRNA expression analysis is relatively expensive and time- and labor-intensive. On the other hand, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining is easy to perform, well-established, inexpensive, and is a useful method which can be routinely applied in solid tumor diagnosis in clinical laboratories. PATIENTS AND METHODS Tumor specimens were collected from 197 consecutive patients who underwent a complete resection for lung adenocarcinoma from 1998 to 2007. We analyzed the MACC1 status of the primary lung adenocarcinoma by IHC analysis. RESULTS The average postoperative observation period was 46.7 months. Forty (20.3%) of the 197 patients developed recurrences after surgery. Positive expression of MACC1 was identified in 129 (65.5%) patients. Furthermore, MACC1 IHC was positive in 33 (82.5%) out of the 40 patients and 96 (61.1%) out of the 157 patients, with and without recurrence, respectively (p=0.011). Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression models indicated that positive staining for MACC1 was an independent factor for tumor recurrence. Furthermore, positive staining for MACC1 was associated with poorer disease-free survival (DFS), according to the univariate survival analysis (p=0.080). CONCLUSION Positive staining for MACC1 expression in resected specimens was associated with a poorer DFS. Therefore, positive staining of IHC for MACC1 may be a useful marker for predicting postoperative recurrence in patients with lung adenocarcinoma following surgery.
The impact of hepatitis C burden: an evidence‐based approach

Infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been considered a major cause of mortality, morbidity and resource utilisation in the US. In addition, HCV is the main cause of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) in the US. Recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of HCV, including new recommendations pertaining to screening for HCV by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and newer treatment regimens with high efficacy, short duration and the potential for interferon‐free therapies, have energised the health care practitioners regarding HCV management.
Recombinatoric exploration of novel folded structures: A heteropolymer-based model of protein evolutionary landscapes

The role of recombination in evolution is compared with that of point mutations (substitutions) in the context of a simple, polymer physics-based model mapping between sequence (genotype) and conformational (phenotype) spaces. Crossovers and point mutations of lattice chains with a hydrophobic polar code are investigated. Sequences encoding for a single ground-state conformation are considered viable and used as model proteins. Point mutations lead to diffusive walks on the evolutionary landscape, whereas crossovers can “tunnel” through barriers of diminished fitness. The degree to which crossovers allow for more efficient sequence and structural exploration depends on the relative rates of point mutations versus that of crossovers and the dispersion in fitness that characterizes the ruggedness of the evolutionary landscape. The probability that a crossover between a pair of viable sequences results in viable sequences is an order of magnitude higher than random, implying that a sequence's overall propensity to encode uniquely is embodied partially in local signals. Consistent with this observation, certain hydrophobicity patterns are significantly more favored than others among fragments (i.e., subsequences) of sequences that encode uniquely, and examples reminiscent of autonomous folding units in real proteins are found. The number of structures explored by both crossovers and point mutations is always substantially larger than that via point mutations alone, but the corresponding numbers of sequences explored can be comparable when the evolutionary landscape is rugged. Efficient structural exploration requires intermediate nonextreme ratios between point-mutation and crossover rates.