Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is Nonlocality of the Quantum Theory Definitively Confirmed by the Experiments

In a recent paper published last october 2015 by B.Hensen et al. [1] and in two companion papers published last december 2015 by B.Hensen et al. [2] and by L. Shalm et al. [3], the authors describe beautiful and complex experiments aimed at testing the theorem of J. Bell (1965) [4] with measurements free of the detection-loophole and the locality loophole that had never been closed unquestionably in a single experiment. According to their authors, each experiment, closing both loopholes, gives conclusive evidence in favor of nonlocality. Here I will argue that this claim may be questionable, and that such an evidence should be obtained by a different kind of experiments.
A Novel Hybrid Method to Detect Arrival Times of Elastic Waves With Low SNR Based on Jensen–Shannon Divergence and Cumulative Sum Algorithm

Arrival-time detection is one fundamental step in the time of arrival (TOA) based localization for elastic wave signals in acoustic emission (AE), ultrasonic, and seismic localization systems. The precise TOA picking is of great importance for high localization accuracy. In some cases, signals are often hidden with a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), making it difficult to detect TOA from strong background noise. The picking accuracy of traditional TOA detection methods decreases rapidly in low SNR condition. The present work proposes a new method for evaluating arrival times based on Jensen–Shannon divergence and cumulative sum algorithm. A criterion and a standard procedure for determining TOA are formulated in detail, and two key parameters are discussed, namely, the length of the time window and the size of the chosen time series. Tests on AE signals from single-grit scratching, the pencil-lead break, and seismic signals for P-phase identification reveal the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with three different methods, it is more precise in low SNR condition since its offsets are much smaller than those. The proposed method could be applied as a better alternative method for TOA detection in various fields.
Higgs Mass and Gravity Waves in Standard Model False Vacuum Inflation

In previous publications we have proposed that Inflation can be realized in a second minimum of the Standard Model Higgs potential at energy scales of about $10^{16}$ GeV, if the minimum is not too deep and if a mechanism which allows a transition to the radiation dominated era can be found. This is provided, {\it e.g.}, by scalar-tensor gravity models or hybrid models. Using such ideas we had predicted the Higgs boson mass to be of about $126\pm 3$ GeV, which has been confirmed by the LHC, and that a possibly measurable amount of gravity waves should be produced. Using more refined recent theoretical calculations of the RGE we show that such scenario has the right scale of Inflation only for small Higgs mass, lower than about 124 GeV, otherwise gravity waves are overproduced. The precise value is subject to some theoretical error and to experimental errors on the determination of the strong coupling constant. Such an upper bound corresponds also to the recent claimed measurement by BICEP2 of the scale of inflation through primordial tensor modes. Finally we show that introducing a moderately large non-minimal coupling for the Higgs field the bound can shift to larger values and be reconciled with the LHC measurements of the Higgs mass.
Recent Progress in Contact Mechanics Methods for Solids with Surface Roughness Using Green’s Function Molecular Dynamics

In spite of importance of tribology of solids with surface roughness, there is no synthesized theory covering adhesion yet. One of the methods to describe adhesion in tribological systems is the Green's Function Molecular Dynamics (GFMD). This work aims at reviewing the most recent GFMD techniques and applications of GFMD in contact mechanics. There are different attributes of this method that are important for its realization: model to describe surface roughness, model to describe interfacial forces, constitutive model to describe the solid deformation and algorithm to minimize surface potential energy. We organize this review using the following set of parameters: degrees of freedom of the system modelled, substrate geometry, loading control, material properties, surface topography, interfacial interaction models.
Nonunitary Interaction, Adiabatic Condition, Haag's Theorem and Renormalization

Haag's theorem has shown that the transformation between interacting and free field operators in a reasonable quantum field theory cannot be unitary. Here, the original requirement of unitarity is revisited from a physical point of view to show not only that unitarity is not required but indeed not possible. Electrodynamics is used as an example. In a classical treatment the interaction cannot be turned on or off adiabatically as energy conservation cannot be maintained in a physically meaningful way. In a fully second quantized theory the interaction (or source) term is always present in the equation of motion even if the system is in the vacuum state. So, the interaction cannot be physically turned on or off adiabatically or otherwise. Hence, the transformation V(t) from free fields to interacting fields cannot be interpreted as an actual time evolution. This makes the unitarity of V(t)quite unnecessary as the original reason for unitarity was to conserve probability (or energy) through a time evolution. It is conjectured that the infinite terms in the scattering matrix that need renormalization appear due to the forcing of V(t)to be unitary. An alternate approach to scattering of interacting fields is suggested.
Coupled-Oscillator Associative Memory Array Operation

Operation of the array of coupled oscillators underlying the associative memory function is demonstrated for various interconnection schemes (cross-connect, star phase keying and star frequency keying) and various physical implementation of oscillators (van der Pol, phase-locked loop, spin torque). The speed of synchronization of oscillators and the evolution of the degree of matching is studied as a function of device parameters. The dependence of errors in association on the number of the memorized patterns and the distance between the test and the memorized pattern is determined for Palm, Furber and Hopfield association algorithms.
On discontinuous Galerkin methods for singularly perturbed and incompressible miscible displacement problems

This thesis is concerned with the numerical approximation of problems of fluid flow, in particular the stationary advection diffusion reaction equations and the time dependent, coupled equations of incompressible miscible displacement in a porous medium. We begin by introducing the continuous discontinuous Galerkin method for the singularly perturbed advection diffusion reaction problem. This is a method which coincides with the continuous Galerkin method away from internal and boundary layers and with a discontinuous Galerkin method in the vicinity of layers. We prove that this consistent method is stable in the streamline diffusion norm if the convection field flows non-characteristically from the region of the continuous Galerkin to the region of the discontinuous Galerkin method. We then turn our attention to the equations of incompressible miscible displacement for the concentration, pressure and velocity of one fluid in a porous medium being displaced by another. We show a reliable a posteriori error estimator for the time dependent, coupled equations in the case where the solution has sufficient regularity and the velocity is bounded. We remark that these conditions may not be attained in physically realistic geometries. We therefore present an abstract approach to the stationary problem of miscible displacement and investigate an a posteriori error estimator using weighted spaces that relies on lower regularity requirements for the true solution. We then return to the continuous discontinuous Galerkin method. We prove in an abstract setting that standard (continuous) Galerkin finite element approximations are the limit of interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin approximations as the penalty parameter tends to infinity. We then show that by varying the penalization parameter on only a subset of the domain we reach the continuous discontinuous method in the limit. We present numerical experiments illustrating this approach both for equations of non-negative characteristic form (closely related to advection diffusion reaction equations) and to the problem of incompressible miscible displacement. We show that we may practically determine appropriate discontinuous and continuous regions, resulting in a significant reduction of the number of degrees of freedom required to approximate a solution, by using the properties of the discontinuous Galerkin approximation to the advection diffusion reaction equation. We finally present novel code for implementing the continuous discontinuous Galerkin method in C++.
Acceleration of particles in Janis-Newman-Winicour singularities

We examine here the acceleration of particles and high energy collisions in the the Janis-Newman- Winicour (JNW) spacetime, which is an extension of the Schwarzschild geometry when a massless scalar field is included. We show that while the center of mass energy of collisions of particles near the event horizon of a blackhole is not significantly larger than the rest mass of the interacting particles, in an analogous situation, it could be arbitrarily large in the JNWspacetime near the naked singularity. The high energy collisions are seen to be generic in the presence of a photon sphere in the JNW spacetime, whereas an extreme fine-tuning of the angular momentum of the colliding particles is required when the photon sphere is absent. The center of mass energy of collision near the singularity grows slowly for small and extremely large deviations from the Schwarzschild blackhole, but for intermediate strengths of the scalar field it rises moderately fast. As a possible and potentially interesting application, we point out that the presence of such high energy collissions may help the blackhole configurations to be distinguished from a naked singularity.
THE CURRENT STATE OF TAX CONTROL OVER TRANSFER PRICING IN UKRAINE

The purpose of the article is to summarize and present the genesis of transfer pricing in Ukraine, to identify the problems and to assess the prospects of Ukraine in this direction. Methodology. The theoretical basis was the developments devoted to transfer pricing and the impact of globalization processes on the transfer pricing mechanism of transnational corporations and the system of international regulation. The methodology of the study consisted of general scientific and special scientific methods of research: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, methods of analogy, differentiation, generalization. The information base of the study consists of regulatory legal documents, materials of monographic studies of foreign and domestic scientists, textbooks and manuals, international and Ukrainian scientific conferences, articles in periodicals and information base of the Internet. The results of the study showed that transfer pricing as a tax institute appeared in Ukraine in September 2013 against the background of increased attention to transnational corporations and international trade. Unlike many other requirements of tax legislation, transfer pricing has no clear regulatory framework, which creates many problems for both taxpayers and controlling authorities. Ukraine's experience shows that transfer pricing rules focus on shifting the tax base between countries and redistributing profits between related companies, as well as transferring income to low-tax countries. Practical implications. The practical significance of the study lies in a comprehensive analysis and assessment of the current situation of transfer pricing processes taking place in Ukraine. The experience of European countries and judicial practice which formed a number of important and progressive legal positions and conclusions on improvement of transfer pricing control can be used in practice for Ukraine. The practical novelty of the results consists in a comprehensive analysis of the impact of transfer pricing on the current state of tax management as a whole. Value/originality. With proper control over transfer pricing instruments, it is possible to significantly prevent the erosion of the tax base and, consequently, to increase the volume of taxation and ensure the economic security of the state at the proper level.
The Effect of Coumestrol on Hub Genes in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Bioinformatic Strategy

Purpose There is limited treatment for lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), so there is an urgent need to find new antitumor drugs. Materials and Methods We downloaded datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the Cancer Genome Atlas databases. We used GEO2R and the “limma” package to screen differentially expressed genes. We used the Cytoscape software to screen out hub genes. We screened herbs that act on hub genes on the Chinese medicine website. We then studied the effect of coumestrol (CM) on the hub genes in the H226 cell line. Results Seven hub genes were screened, namely CCNB2, CENPF, KIF11, MELK, nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1), PBK, and RRM2. We observed that CM had a tumor-inhibiting effect on H226 cells by inhibiting the expression of CCNB2, KIF11, and NUSAP1. Conclusion CM, screened by bioinformatics and network pharmacology, can inhibit H226 cells by downregulating CCNB2, KIF11, and NUSAP1.
Emergence of the ABC Transporter Antibiotic Resistant Gene in Pathogenic Fungi Using In Silico Analysis

Adenosine triphosphate binding cassette proteins (ATP-ABC) transporters belong to a broad superfamily of proteins in all living organisms that have essential physiological functions. They are necessary for transporting a wide range of substrates across lipid membranes. ABC transport proteins share two conserved domain architectures: the multiple transmembrane helices (TMD) nucleotide binding protein domain (NBD). Fungi have evolved active transport pathways through endogenous and exogenous toxicants. Drug efflux from ABC transporters lowers the concentration of intracellular drugs, in many pathogens and cancer cells; therefore, efflux is subjected to extensive studies in pathogens. ABC transporter gene of aspergillus versicolor as reference and evaluated metadata of ABC transporter gene in comparison from dermatophyte and non-dermatophyte fungi using fungi DB and NCBI databases. ABC transporters gene was studied using gene homology via phylogenetic analysis. Study evaluated ABC transporters sub families, number of transcripts, exon, intron numbers sizes and position using gene sequence analysis by NCBI. The evolutionary history of ABC gene analyzed by using 12 proteins of both dermatophytes. Study also explored the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) homology in dermatophytes using the NCBI SNP tool. ABC protein examined five sub-families which include ABC-B, ABC-C, ABC-D, ABC-F. Phylogenetic studies on ABC transporter genes showed its emergence in three major groups of dermatophytes and non- dermatophyte. Exon number of ABC transporter gene varies from 2 to 18 and one transcript number in dermatophytes and non-dermatophytes. The evolutionary history of ABC-B was analyzed by using 12 proteins of both dermatophytes and non-dermatophytes. ABC genes in dermatophytes were found in five subfamilies ABC-B, ABC-C, ABC-D, ABC-F and ABC-G. However, ABC transporter gene family survey suggested that ABC- C family is a highly emerged sub family in dermatophytes and non-dermatophytes. Study revealed that ABC protein has been found in five sub-families of ABC transporter gene in dermatophytes. It has one transcript number in dermatophytes and non-dermatophytes. Whereas, the exon numbers are varied from 2 to 18. Moreover, ABC transporter gene phylogenetic family survey suggested that ABC- C family is highly emerged in both fungal types.
Phytochemical analysis of cultivated medicinal mushroom- Ganoderma sp.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical contents of indigenous cultivated Ganoderma sp. (Curt.) P. Karst. in comparison to other mushrooms found in literature. The cultivated indigenous medicinal mushroom (Ganoderma sp.) can be available all-year round, as compared with the wild or imported/foreign Ganoderma sp. which are scarce, seasonal and expensive. Phytochemical analysis was carried out using Methanol, Ethanol, Dichloromethane and Aqueous extracts. Preliminary tests indicated the presence of secondary metabolites (alkaloids, tannins, phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids) and high carbohydrate contents in the cultivated Ganoderma fruiting bodies. Results of the quantitative analysis showed the highest value of phenol in aqueous extract, with the least value in Dichloromethane extract for flavonoids. The results obtained from this study reveals that the cultivated indigenous medicinal mushroom, Ganoderma sp. is a potential source of secondary metabolites which are beneficial as nutraceuticals in industries and pharmaceuticals.
Algorithmic Cooling of a Quantum Simulator

Controlled quantum mechanical devices provide a means of simulating more complex quantum systems exponentially faster than classical computers. Such "quantum simulators" rely heavily upon being able to prepare the ground state of Hamiltonians, whose properties can be used to calculate correlation functions or even the solution to certain classical computations. While adiabatic preparation remains the primary means of producing such ground states, here we provide a different avenue of preparation: cooling to the ground state via simulated dissipation. This is in direct analogy to contemporary efforts to realize generalized forms of simulated annealing in quantum systems.
A spectral decomposition for the Bolthausen-Sznitman coalescent and the Kingman coalescent

We consider both the Bolthausen-Sznitman and the Kingman coalescent restricted to the partitions of { 1 , … , n } . Spectral decompositions of the corresponding generators are derived. As an application we obtain a formula for the Green's functions and a short derivation of the well-known formula for the transition probabilities of the Bolthausen-Sznitman coalescent.
ON THE FORMATION OF SMC X-1: THE EFFECT OF MASS AND ORBITAL ANGULAR MOMENTUM LOSS

SMC X-1 is a high-mass X-ray binary with an orbital period of 3.9 days. The mass of the neutron star is as low as ∼1M☉, suggesting that it was likely formed through an electron-capture supernova rather than an iron-core collapse supernova. From the present system configurations, we argue that the orbital period at the supernova was ≲ 10 days. Since the mass transfer process between the neutron star's progenitor and the companion star before the supernova should have increased the orbital period to tens of days, a mechanism with efficient orbit angular momentum loss and relatively small mass loss is required to account for its current orbital period. We have calculated the evolution of the progenitor binary systems from zero-age main sequence to the pre-supernova stage with different initial parameters and various mass and angular momentum loss mechanisms. Our results show that the outflow from the outer Lagrangian point or a circumbinary disk formed during the mass transfer phase may be qualified for this purpose. We point out that these mechanisms may be popular in binary evolution and significantly affect the formation of compact star binaries.
Optimal State Estimation: Kalman, H Infinity, and Nonlinear Approaches

A bottom-up approach that enables readers to master and apply the latest techniques in state estimationThis book offers the best mathematical approaches to estimating the state of a general system. The author presents state estimation theory clearly and rigorously, providing the right amount of advanced material, recent research results, and references to enable the reader to apply state estimation techniques confidently across a variety of fields in science and engineering.While there are other textbooks that treat state estimation, this one offers special features and a unique perspective and pedagogical approach that speed learning: Straightforward, bottom-up approach begins with basic concepts and then builds step by step to more advanced topics for a clear understanding of state estimation Simple examples and problems that require only paper and pen to solve lead to an intuitive understanding of how theory works in practice MATLAB(r)-based source code that corresponds to examples in the book, available on the author's Web site, enables readers to recreate results and experiment with other simulation setups and parameters Armed with a solid foundation in the basics, readers are presented with a careful treatment of advanced topics, including unscented filtering, high order nonlinear filtering, particle filtering, constrained state estimation, reduced order filtering, robust Kalman filtering, and mixed Kalman/H? filtering.Problems at the end of each chapter include both written exercises and computer exercises. Written exercises focus on improving the reader's understanding of theory and key concepts, whereas computer exercises help readers apply theory to problems similar to ones they are likely to encounter in industry. A solutions manual is available for instructors.With its expert blend of theory and practice, coupled with its presentation of recent research results, Optimal State Estimation is strongly recommended for undergraduate and graduate-level courses in optimal control and state estimation theory. It also serves as a reference for engineers and science professionals across a wide array of industries.A solutions manual is available upon request from the Wiley editorial board.
Measurement of CP asymmetries and polarisation fractions in B 0 s → K ∗ 0 K ∗ 0 decays

: An angular analysis of the decay B 0 s → K ∗ 0 K ∗ 0 is performed using pp collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1 . 0 fb − 1 collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy √ s = 7 TeV. A combined angular and mass analysis separates six helicity amplitudes and allows the measurement of the longitudinal polarisation fraction f L = 0 . 201 ± 0 . 057 (stat . ) ± 0 . 040 (syst . ) for the B 0 s → K ∗ (892) 0 K ∗ (892) 0 decay. A large scalar contribution from the K ∗ 0 (1430) and K ∗ 0 (800) resonances is found, allowing the determination of additional CP asymmetries. Triple product and direct CP asymmetries are determined to be compatible with the Standard Model expectations. The branching fraction B ( B s → K ∗ (892) 0 K ∗ (892) 0 ) is measured to be (10 . 8 ± 2 . 1 (stat . ) ± 1 . 4 (syst . ) ± 0 . 6 ( f d /f s )) × 10 − 6 .
THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND DATA AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR COSMOLOGY

Recently were published the results from three projects (BOOMERANG, DASI and MAXIMA) dealing with the observation of the temperature a nisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). It was a real breakthrough for cosmology since these data established a new level in understanding the Universe. Here we present a review of the main results obtained by the projects mentioned above, emphasizing their significance to the nowadays status of cosmology. In this respect, we report on the increasing evidences for an inflationary period in the very early stages after the Big Bang, we discuss at large the values of the cosmological parameters and we acknowledge the picture of the Universe as it appears from the CMB data.