Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Connecting orbits in one-parameter families of flows

Abstract Given a family of flows parametrized by an interval and a Morse decomposition which continues across the interval, a procedure is devised to detect connecting orbits at various parameter values. This is done by putting a small drift on the parameter space and considering the flow on the product of the phase space and the parameter interval. The Conley index and connection matrix are used to analyse the flow on the product space, then the drift is allowed to go to zero to obtain information about the original family of flows. This method can be used to detect connections between rest points of the same index for example.
Radiative exchange of heat between nanostructures

Surfaces in close proximity exchange heat through evanescent photon tunnelling modes as well as by freely propagating modes. These additional near field contributions to radiation scale with separation, d, between surfaces as d-2 and are dominant at spacings d<<T, a typical wavelength at temperature T. We calculate simple expressions for the photon tunnelling and find that there are drastic effects in many nanostructured systems, for example in the scanning tunnelling microscope. The results are linked to quantum information theory which dictates that the maximum heat tunnelling current in any one channel is determined by the temperature alone. Consequences for the scanning tunnelling microscope are discussed, where a hot tip may cause intense local heating of a surface without actually being in physical contact, hence desorbing molecular species, or even modifying the surface itself: a possible extension of the STM's capacity for surface modification. A further extension of this concept is proposed in the form of a `heat stamp' capable of delivering a high definition pattern of heat to a second surface.
Elastic fracture mechanics analysis by the boundary integral equation method

The boundary integral equation (b. i. e.) method of stress analysis is shown to be a powerful numerical technique for solving three-dimensional fracture mechanics problems. Comparison with established solutions for an embedded penny-shaped crack and a semicircular surface crack in a rectangular prism show that accurate values of stress intensity factor along the front of a crack can be obtained by this method. Stress intensity factors are also presented for semi-elliptical surface cracks is internally pressurized cylinders. Computed hoop strains for such cracked cylinders show very good agreement with experimental measurements. The high accuracy of the b. i. e. method makes it possible to study numerically the nature of the stress (strain) singularity at the intersection between a crack front and a free surface. Results obtained for both straight and curved crack fronts show that stresses (strains) at and very near the free surface are somewhat less singular that the inverse square root form normally assumed, an effect which becomes more pronounced with increasing Poisson ratio.
Exchange Interaction and Tc in Alkaline-Earth-Metal-Oxide-Based DMS without Magnetic Impurities: First Principle Pseudo-SIC and Monte Carlo Calculation

The prospects of half-metallic ferromagnetism being induced by the incorporation of C atoms into alkaline-earth-metal-oxides are investigated by the first principle calculation. The origin of the ferromagnetism is discussed through the calculation of the electronic structure and exchange coupling constant by using the pseudo-potential-like self-interaction-corrected local spin density method. The Curie temperature ( T c ) is also predicted by employing the Monte Carlo simulation. It is shown that by taking the electron self-interaction into account, the half-metallic ferromagnetism induced by C in the host materials is more stabilized in comparison with the standard local density approximation (LDA) case, and the C's 2 p electron states in the bandgap become more localized resulting in the predominance of the short-ranged exchange interaction. While the ferromagnetism in MgO 1- x C x is stabilized due to the exchange interaction of the first-nearest neighbor pairs and might be suppressed by the anti-ferro.
Profiles in Research

Howard Wainer was born Howard Charles Goldhaber in Brooklyn New York, onOctober 26, 1943. He received a B.S. in mathematics from Rensselaer PolytechnicInstitute in 1965 and an A.M. and Ph.D. from Princeton in psychometrics in 1967 and1968, respectively. He taught at Temple University and The University of Chicagobefore moving to the Bureau of Social Science Research during the Carter Adminis-tration. He was a Principal Research Scientist at ETS for 21 years before assuminghis current position as Distinguished Research Scientist at the National Board of Med-ical Examiners. He is also an adjunct Professor of Statistics at the Wharton School ofthe University of Pennsylvania. He has published more than 300 articles and chap-ters in scholarly journals and books; his 15th book,
The Atomic Data for Astrophysics Database

The "Atomic Data for Astrophysics" (ADfA, http://www.pa.uky.edu/~verner/atom.html) database is being developed to serve the needs of astrophysical quantitative spectroscopy. Basic atomic data are compiled by ADfA and presented in a convenient and compact form that can be readily used by developers of spectral synthesis codes needed for the interpretation of ground-based and space spectroscopic observations. New services provided by ADfA include literature searches for current atomic data of astrophysical interest and their transformation in electronic form appropriate for direct inclusion in large-scale computer codes. The continuous upgrading of the ADfA, based on the best available data found in the literature, allows the spectral synthesis codes to remain up-to-date with new developments in atomic data.
Demixing in binary mixtures of anisometric colloids

An overview is given of the isotropic and nematic phase behaviour in binary mixtures of hard rods or plates with different lengths or diameters within the framework of the Onsager theory. On the basis of Gaussian trial functions the relative importance of different entropic contributions in the demixing of the isotropic and nematic phases is explained for different mixtures. Modifications of this theory are discussed and new results are given for mixtures of plates differing only in diameter or thickness.
Monte Carlo simulation and analysis of halo phenomena

We trace the paths of sun rays through hexagonal ice crystals by a hit-and-miss Monte Carlo algorithm, interpreting the Fresnel equations as reflection and transmission probabilities. In this way, we calculate the intensity of the scattered sunlight for a specified distribution of crystals. In particular, we obtain the relative intensities of all arcs and spots produced by the crystals. The distribution function for the tilting and rotation angles of oriented crystals corresponds to a superposition of damped oscillations. We use the method to analyze the relative intensities of the 22° and 46° halos and to simulate a complex ice-crystal display produced by oriented columnlike, oriented platelike, and unoriented cubelike crystals.
G107.5-1.5, a new SNR discovered through its highly polarized radio emission

A new highly polarized shell-type supernova remnant (SNR) has been discovered in the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey (CGPS). The only part of the remnant visible in radio continuum is a thin shell segment sitting on top of diffuse emission. The curvature of this segment indicates a much larger object which is not detectable in our observations most likely due to an imhomogenous ambient medium. A comparison of 408 MHz and 1420 MHz continuum emission reveals a spectral index of α = −0.6 ± 0. 1( S ∼ ν α ), typical for a shell-type SNR. The polarized intensity averaged over the object is 50% of the total intensity, and the peak fractional polarization is close to the theoretical maximum, making this remnant the most highly polarized SNR known. At the projected centre of the radio shell is the unidentified X-ray point source 1RXS J225203.8+574249 which could be the neutron star left behind by the supernova explosion or its pulsar wind nebula. From the low rotation measure and possibly related H  features a distance of about 1.1 kpc is proposed. At this distance the radius of G107.5−1.5 is about 6 pc. The morphology and the structure of the ambient neutral hydrogen around the SNR suggests that this supernova remnant is in a late stage of evolution.
The Moderating Role of Family Resilience on the Relationship between COVID-19-Related Psychological Distress and Mental Health among Caregivers of Individuals with Eating Disorders in Post-Pandemic China

COVID-19 has amplified long-standing emotional distress for vulnerable families. While abundant research highlights the importance of resilience under adverse circumstances, little has been undertaken to understand its effectiveness in helping caregivers of individuals with eating disorders (ED) navigate pandemic-related challenges. This paper presents findings of a cross-sectional study investigating the effects of COVID-19-related life disruptions (COLD) and COVID-19-related psychological distress (CORPD) on caregivers’ depression, anxiety and stress, as well as the moderation role of individual resilience (IR) and family resilience (FR) during the post-pandemic period in China. A total of 201 caregivers of individuals experiencing ED participated in our online survey from May 2022 to June 2022. The association between pandemic-related stressors (i.e., COLD and CORPD) and mental health conditions were confirmed. FR moderated the relationship between CORPD and mental health outcomes, while IR independently contributed to low emotional distress. We call for intervention programs strengthening caregivers’ FR and IR, which might benefit both patients and caregivers’ well-being in the post-pandemic period.
Nonlinear Luenberger‐like observers for nonlinear MIMO systems

This paper deals with the design of observers for a class of continuous time nonlinear multi‐input multi‐output systems with nonlinear outputs. Geometric tools are used to transform the original system into an appropriate observer canonical form. Furthermore, a pole placement technique is used to obtain a desired transient response of resulting error dynamics. The observer design is presented for two cases. In both cases, it is shown that the observer gain can be obtained from the solution of a Riccati equation. An illustrative example of state estimation in induction motors is presented to explain the proposed observer design. The performance of the method is also verified by numerical simulations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Feedback stabilization of linear systems with distributed delays in state and control variables

Solving a generalized characteristic matrix equation (GCME) of a linear retarded system is the crux for stabilizing the system using a reduction technique. This note gives the solution of GCME under the general condition that the eigenvalues occur in the spectrum of the system with algebraic and geometric multiplicities being greater than or equal to one. The main idea is to transform the GCME into a group of linear algebraic equations. A sufficient condition for the existence of the solution to the linear algebraic equations is established. A key lemma for stabilizing the systems under the above general condition is also proved. >
Ga(In)N Photonic Crystal Light Emitters with Semipolar Quantum Wells

We present directional photonic crystal light emitters produced as periodic semipolar GaInN quantum wells, grown by selective area metal organic vapour phase epitaxy. The emitted angle-dependent modal structure for sub-micrometer stripes and embedded photonic crystal structures is analyzed experimentally in detail, and the introduction of an Al0.12Ga0. 88N cladding layer is investigated. We provide a complete simulation based on the finite-difference time-domain method, which allows to identify all leaky modes as well as their spectral and angular dependence.
A Capsid Protein Fragment of a Fusagra-like Virus Found in Carica papaya Latex Interacts with the 50S Ribosomal Protein L17

Papaya sticky disease is caused by the association of a fusagra-like and an umbra-like virus, named papaya meleira virus (PMeV) and papaya meleira virus 2 (PMeV2), respectively. Both viral genomes are encapsidated in particles formed by the PMeV ORF1 product, which has the potential to encode a protein with 1563 amino acids (aa). However, the structural components of the viral capsid are unknown. To characterize the structural proteins of PMeV and PMeV2, virions were purified from Carica papaya latex. SDS-PAGE analysis of purified virus revealed two major proteins of ~40 kDa and ~55 kDa. Amino-terminal sequencing of the ~55 kDa protein and LC-MS/MS of purified virions indicated that this protein starts at aa 263 of the deduced ORF1 product as a result of either degradation or proteolytic processing. A yeast two-hybrid assay was used to identify Arabidopsis proteins interacting with two PMeV ORF1 product fragments (aa 321–670 and 961–1200). The 50S ribosomal protein L17 (AtRPL17) was identified as potentially associated with modulated translation-related proteins. In plant cells, AtRPL17 co-localized and interacted with the PMeV ORF1 fragments. These findings support the hypothesis that the interaction between PMeV/PMeV2 structural proteins and RPL17 is important for virus–host interactions.
Using ARM Observations to Evaluate Cloud and Clear-Sky Radiation Processes as Simulated by the Canadian Regional Climate Model GEM

Abstract The total downwelling shortwave (SWD) and longwave (LWD) radiation and its components are assessed for the limited-area version of the Global Environmental Multiscale Model (GEM-LAM) against Atmospheric Radiation Measurements (ARM) at two sites: the southern Great Plains (SGP) and the North Slope of Alaska (NSA) for the 1998–2005 period. The model and observed SWD and LWD are evaluated as a function of the cloud fraction (CF), that is, for overcast and clear-sky conditions separately, to isolate and analyze different interactions between radiation and 1) atmospheric aerosols and water vapor and 2) cloud liquid water. Through analysis of the mean diurnal cycle and normalized frequency distributions of surface radiation fluxes, the primary radiation error in GEM-LAM is seen to be an excess in SWD in the middle of the day. The SWD bias results from a combination of underestimated CF and clouds, when present, possessing a too-high solar transmissivity, which is particularly the case for optically thi.
Design and implementation of an ideal Hilbert transformer using neural networks

A method for approximately realizing ideal Hilbert transformers is presented. Ideal Hilbert transformers with two-sided impulse response can be obtained by the parallel connection of causal and noncausal digital filters using time reversal techniques. A noncausal filter is simply designed from a causal filter. The authors have designed and implemented an ideal discrete Hilbert transformer by the use of the proposed method, and give a few applications to digital signal processing. <<ETX>>
A two-dimensional DFB laser model accounting for carrier transport effects

A two-dimensional numerical model for DFB semiconductor laser simulation is developed and presented. In this model the transverse carrier transport and longitudinal spatial/spectral hole-burning effects in a bulk DFB laser are accounted for rigorously. Comparison with simplified models is made. Methods for improving the accuracy of steady-state and small-signal analyses by the simplified models are proposed and verified. >
Acute Effects of Carbon Fiber Insole on Three Aspects of Sports Performance, Lower Extremity Muscle Activity, and Subjective Comfort

Carbon fiber insole (CFI), which is lightweight and stiff to reduce energy loss and help wearers perform better in sports, has recently been introduced. However, reports are scarce on the effects of CFI on sports performance, muscle activation, and wearing comfort. This study investigated the acute effects of CFI on sports performance, lower extremity muscle activity, and subjective comfort. Thirty young healthy males with shoe sizes between 260 and 270 mm performed various sports tasks (power generation, agility, and speed) and treadmill runs with wearable sensors under two experimental insole conditions (benchmark insole as a baseline, CFI). The results showed that, compared to the benchmark insole, CFI significantly improved sports performance in terms of power generation (~1.5%) and agility (~1%). However, it activated more of the Tibialis Anterior (~0.7%) and Gastrocnemius Medialis (~0.8%) muscles, and was perceived to be stiffer and less comfortable. These findings suggested that CFI could improve sports performance, but could cause more lower extremity muscle activation and subjective discomfort.
A review on gait generation of the biped robot on various terrains

Abstract Day by day, biped robots’ usage is increasing enormously in all industrial and non-industrial applications due to their ability to move in any unstructured environment compared to wheeled robots. Keeping this in mind, worldwide, many researchers are working on various aspects of biped robots, such as gait generation, dynamic balance margin, and the design of controllers. The main aim of this review article is to discuss the main challenges encountered in the biped gait generation and design of various controllers while moving on different terrain conditions such as flat, ascending and descending slopes or stairs, avoiding obstacles/ditches, uneven terrain, and an unknown environment. As per the authors’ knowledge, no single study has been carried out in one place related to the gait generation and design of controllers for each joint of the biped robot on various terrains. This review will help researchers working in this field better understand the concepts of gait generation, dynamic balance margin, and the design of controllers while moving on various terrains. Moreover, the current article will also cover the different soft computing techniques used to tune the gains of the controllers. In this article, the authors have reviewed a vast compilation of research work on the gait generation of the biped robot on various terrains. Further, the authors have proposed taxonomies on various design issues identified while generating the gait in different aspects. The authors reviewed approximately 296 articles and discovered that all researchers attempted to generate the dynamically balanced biped gait on various terrains.
Driving Saints to Sin: How Increasing the Difficulty of Voting Dissuades Even the Most Motivated Voters

The consolidation of polling places in the Vestal Central School District in New York State during the district's 2006 budget referendum provides a naturalistic setting to study the effects of polling consolidation on voter turnout on an electorate quite distinct from previous work by Brady and McNulty (2004, The costs of voting: Evidence from a natural experiment. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Political Methodology, Palo Alto, CA). In particular, voters in local elections are highly motivated and therefore might be thought to be less affected by poll consolidation. Nevertheless, through a matching analysis we find that polling consolidation decreases voter turnout substantially, by about seven percentage points, even among this electorate, suggesting that even habitual voters can be dissuaded from going to the polls. This finding has implications for how election administrators ought to handle cost-cutting measures like consolidation.
Resonant and scatterometric grating-based nanophotonic structures for biosensing

Resonant and non-resonant phenomena in grating based photonic structures were investigated as biological and biochemical sensors particularly for water contaminants. Detectivity on the order of 10 -6 RIU was found to be possible. Spectroscopic scatterometry in conical mounting at normal incidence was found to offer high sensitivity and it allows specificity in addition to refractive-index-variation measurement.
Robust Singular Value Decompositions: A New Approach to Projection Pursuit

Abstract Robust location and covariance estimators are developed via general M estimation for covariance matrix eigenvectors and eigenvalues. The solution to this GM estimation problem is obtained by transforming it into a series of robust regression problems based on a new algorithm for the singular value decomposition. It is shown here that the singular value decomposition can be represented as an iteration of two steps: a least squares regression fit of the data matrix followed by a rotation to the regression hyperplanes. An algorithm to obtain the solution to this GM estimation problem is presented, along with results of a Monte Carlo study and examples of its application. In addition, it is shown how the output of this algorithm can be used to numerically search for multivariate outliers, which is especially useful in exploratory data analysis with high-dimensional data and large sample sizes, where standard graphical techniques are difficult to implement. Because the algorithm computes robust estima.
Empowering Tennessee Pharmacists to Initiate PrEP Using Collaborative Pharmacy Practice Agreements

Background: The uptake of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) has revolutionized the fight against the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic. Consistent obstacles remain that have influenced the slow uptake of PrEP in the United States of America (USA). In order to address these barriers, pharmacists must be included in the dispensing and management of PrEP through collaborative pharmacy practice agreements (CPPAs). Our aim for this study was to characterize pharmacists’ perceptions of initiating PrEP through a CPPA in the state of Tennessee. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in the USA in 2021 with pharmacists practicing in Tennessee. A framework and specific questions guided the thematic analysis. The words and phrases were coded inductively and later collapsed into categories and placed into emergent themes. Results: Two themes illustrate the voices of practicing pharmacists’ integration in the dispensing and management of PrEP: (1) Learning from other states and previous successful CPPAs to advance and expand innovative models of patient care and (2) advocacy through public policy change to empower pharmacists to initiate PrEP. Conclusion: This qualitative study focused on exploring pharmacists’ perceptions on the opportunity of initiating PrEP through a CPPA in Tennessee. These findings highlight the preparedness of pharmacists to advocate for easier initiative of PrEP in pharmacies across Tennessee, whether through relaxing existing CPPA regulation or pursuing independent prescriptive authority for pharmacists.
Introducing a New Estimators of Parameters of Linear Hazard Rate Function

This paper deals with introducing four estimators of parameters ( ), for linear hazard (risk) function { }. Two consist of the proposed which are mixed estimators, and the proposed estimator depend on order record data. While the two other methods, include maximum likelihood method which are solved numerically, using Newton Raphson method, and last method is white estimators depend on principle of least square's method. The comparison between ( ), has been done through simulation experiment for different sample size chosen and replicate is ( ). The statistical measure mean square error (MSE) is used for comparison. All results are explained through tables, for different sets of chosen parameters. Keyword: Hazard rate { }, maximum likelihood, OLS, proposed method, mean square error (MSE).