Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SUM FUNCTIONS OF fc-ARY AND SEMI-fc-ARY DIVISORS

It is known that a divisor d > 0 of the positive integer n is called unitary [3; §1] if dS = n and (d,S) = 1, where (d, 8) denotes the g.c. d. of d and 5. We write d | n. Let k be a fixed positive integer. A positive integer n is called k-free if n is not divisible by the fcth power of any prime. Let ^k(n) be the characteristic function of the set of k-free integers (i.e. i^k(n) = 1 or 0 according as n is fc-free or not). For integers a, b, not both zero, let us denote by (a, b)k and (a, b)*, the greatest fcth power divisor of a and b and the greatest fcth power divisor of a which is a unitary divisor of b respectively. It is clear that (a,b)1 = (a,b) and (a,b)* = (a,b)*, the greatest divisor of a which is a unitary divisor of b [3; §1]. We say that a divisor d > 0 of the positive integer n is k-ary [9; § 1] or semi-k-ary according as d8 = nand(d,d)k=lordd — nand(d,d)k = 1. It is clear that a 1-ary divisor is a unitary divisor and a semi-1-ary divisor is a semi-unitary divisor [1; §1]. It may be noted that if d is a /c-ary divisor of n then njd (the complementary divisor to d of n) is also a /c-ary divisor of n, but if d is a semi-k-ary divisor of n, then its complementary divisor need not be a semi-k-ary divisor of n. For any pair of arithmetical functions/(n) and g(n), we define
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF AIR POLLUTION ON THE INITIATION OF RAIN

Abstract Measurements in a giant expansion chamber show that the size of newly formed cloud droplets depends critically upon the cleanliness of the processed air. Droplets formed in ordinary air are small, but droplets large enough to precipitate are immediately formed by condensation whenever the condensation-nuclei density is sufficiently reduced. The product of mean drop mass and the activated nuclei density approximates the available free water per unit volume. Cloud droplets formed from polluted surface air are usually too small to precipitate, but large droplets formed overhead by condensation in sufficiently clean air may fall through the polluted cloud and initiate rain through association processes. Since the activated nuclei density is normally observed to decrease with increasing altitude, the probability of generating droplets sufficiently large to initiate rain increases as the vertical development of a cloud system increases. The population densities of large cloud droplets normally observed.
Bivalent Verb Classes in the Languages of Europe: A Quantitative Typological Study

The aims of this study are twofold: to propose methods for measuring (dis)similarities in the organization of valency class systems across languages, and to test them on a sample of European languages in order to reveal areal and genetic patterns. The data were gathered for 29 languages using a questionnaire containing 130 contextualized uses of bivalent predicates. The properties under study include (i) lexical range of transitives, (ii) lexical range of valency frames defined in terms of the “locus” of non-transitivity (whether A or P arguments are encoded by oblique devices), (iii) overall complexity of valency class systems, and (iv) lexical distribution of verbs among valency classes. In case of the simpler properties (i)–(iii), maps with quantified isoglosses and pairwise comparison of languages based on Hamming distance are used. For (iv) these methods are inapplicable (valency classes cannot be equated across languages), and I propose a distance metric based on entropy and pairwise mutual information between distributions. The distance matrices are analyzed using the NeighborNet algorithm as implemented in SplitsTree. I argue that more holistic properties of valency class systems are indicative of large areal effects: e.g., many western European languages (Germanic, Romance, Basque and some Balkan languages) are lexically “most transitive” in Europe. Low-level areal signal is clearly discernible in the data on more subtle aspects of the organization of valency classes. The findings imply that distributions of verbs into valency classes can develop quickly and are transferable in contact situations, despite drastic dissimilarities in argument-coding devices.
Circular Economy and Consumer’s Engagement: An Exploratory Study on Higher Education

Abstract Background: Circular Economy has been considered one of the most powerful principles of modern society. The concerns about increasing resource consumption have forced governments and companies to look at the circular models as a hedge against resource scarcity and an engine for innovation and growth. Objectives: This research aims to bring together the Circular Economy and the consumer’s perspective to perceive the impact of its choices on CE initiatives. Methods/Approach: A survey was conducted considering the consumer’s engagement with the circular economy concepts. Results: The results pointed out the awareness and willingness of consumers for the transition from the linear to the circular production model, providing an added value to consumers for reducing environmental impacts. Conclusions: Consumers’ behaviour can have a forefront role in building a guide with best practices to be considered by companies, designers, and consumers on implementing initiatives in the field of Circular Economy.
Relationship between university students’ physical activity and mobile phone dependence: Mediating effect of subjective well-being and moderating effect of psychological capital

Background With the ongoing development of the information society, the Internet and smartphones have become an essential way of life, but also fostered the problem of mobile phone dependence. Physical activity and subjective well-being have both been shown to correlate with mobile phone dependence, but the impact of subjective well-being on the relationship between physical activity and mobile phone dependence is not fully understood. This study investigates subjective well-being as a potential mediating variable in the relationship. It also investigates whether psychological capital moderates the association between subjective well-being and mobile phone dependence. Methods A total of 9,569 students from 38 universities in Jiangsu Province were selected. Participants were surveyed via the online questionnaire distribution platform Questionnaire Star. Common method bias test and Pearson correlation tests were used to analyze the study indicators, and the theoretical model for this study was validated using Process plug-in developed by Hayes and set at p < 0.05 (two- tail) as statistically significant. Results The levels of physical activity, subjective well-being, and psychological capital were all significantly higher for male students than female students. However, female students had a significantly higher level of mobile phone dependence. As predicted, there was a direct negative correlation between physical activity and mobile phone dependence, and subjective well-being mediated that relationship. Psychological capital moderated the relationship between subjective well-being and mobile phone dependence. It also positively moderated the indirect effect between physical activity and mobile phone dependence via subjective well-being.
ECPlotter: A Toolkit for Rapid Prototyping of Electrochromic Displays

ECPlotter is a prototyping toolkit for the fabrication of electrochromic displays. By syringe depositing conductive, electrochromic and electrolyte inks, and curing the inks in one step, we can rapidly create displays in a single integrated process. In contrast to existing methods, such as screen-printing, ECPlotter allows for quick early prototyping with minimal human intervention and makes the process more accessible since the fabrication is automated. Our software pipeline enables designers to convert graphics directly into an instruction set that can be interpreted by the printer which includes automatic heat and UV curing passes after ink depositing. Finally, we demonstrate its capabilities by printing on a variety of substrates.
Multimodal Analysis for Communication Skill and Self-Efficacy Level Estimation in Job Interview Scenario

An interview for a job recruiting process requires applicants to demonstrate their communication skills. Interviewees sometimes become nervous about the interview because interviewees themselves do not know their assessed score. This study investigates the relationship between the communication skill (CS) and the self-efficacy level (SE) of interviewees through multimodal modeling. We also clarify the difference between effective features in the prediction of CS and SE labels. For this purpose, we collect a novel multimodal job interview data corpus by using a job interview agent system where users experience the interview using a virtual reality head-mounted display (VR-HMD). The data corpus includes annotations of CS by third-party experts and SE annotations by the interviewees. The data corpus also includes various kinds of multimodal data, including audio, biological (i.e., physiological), gaze, and language data. We present two types of regression models, linear regression and sequential-based regression models, to predict CS, SE, and the gap (GA) between skill and self-efficacy. Finally, we report that the model with acoustic, gaze, and linguistic features has the best regression accuracy in CS prediction (correlation coefficient r = 0.637). Furthermore, the regression model with biological features achieves the best accuracy in SE prediction (r = 0.330).
Supporting Self-development of Speech Delivery for Education Professionals

A rapid shift towards online education witnessed in recent years, re-shaped the necessary skill set of a modern teacher. Delivery of classes in remote and hybrid format became an integral part of education. However, providing feedback on lecturing technique at scale still remains a challenge. We present the design and implementation of Speecoach – an online tool for lecturers that analyses the audio recordings of lectures and provides feedback concerning their style of speech delivery. Our system analyses the pitch, speech rate and volume dynamics of a recording and compares it against the reference model based on a data set of professional-grade talks. Our tool facilitates teachers’ self-development by providing contextualised feedback on the parameters of their speech and comparing it to different forms of public addresses. Our work contributes a prototype tool facilitating public speaking and envisions future developments and studies in life-long learning of education professionals.
Harbour Porpoise Localization System Using Compact Acoustic Sensor Arrays

The objective of this work is to develop a localization system using a compact array capable of obtaining a coarse estimate of the location of high frequency echolocation pulses emitted by harbour porpoises. This work improves upon a traditional grid search by using a lookup table which is stored in a hyperoctree to reduce the computation time required to perform the localization. Additionally, the impact of the sensor geometry is analysed to improve the accuracy of an existing sensor configuration. Finally, the impact of the noise on the measured signal is analysed and mitigated by using various preprocessing techniques.
Looking Past the Miracle Box

This paper focuses on tools to approach the practices inherent to the formal and informal e-waste value-chains in Ghana. Our series of field trips and interviews with e-waste collectors and scrap workers, repairers and retailers at their respective workplaces, as well as with domestic electronics users captured a situation in flux, where local authorities had implemented their decision to demolish the Agbogbloshie scrapyard site in Accra in July 2021 and relocate the workplaces within the city. In this situation, our exploratory perspective on tools and practices serves as a lense to identify possibilities of socio-technical support for repairing and upcycling and related community building.
Autobiographical Memory and Smartphone Attachment through Photography: The Moderating Effects of Emotions

This study investigates the relationship between memory, emotions evoked through smartphone photographs, and smartphone attachment. Specifically, it examines the effects of the level autobiographical memory is induced through photos on smartphone attachment and how this relationship is influenced according to the emotions induced through these photos. An experiment was conducted on 17 individuals 22-37 years old. Each participant was asked to select a photo from their smartphone that caused the strongest emotions and was asked to write a memory induced by the photo in about 200 characters. The participant then measured their emotions for the selected photo and responded to a questionnaire about memory and mobile attachment. As a result, it was confirmed that valence regulates the relationship between autobiographical memory and smartphone attachment. In particular, it has been shown that when emotions are unpleasant, they induce strong smartphone attachment with higher levels of autobiographical memory.
From Perception to Action: A Review and Taxonomy on Electrical Muscle Stimulation in HCI

The last decade has witnessed an increase in Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) research. Myriads of application scenarios have been proposed and toolkits, as well as procedures, have been presented to the research community. While these individual explorations provide a benefit to the research community, the overarching view on the topic is still unclear which helps to understand how such technology can be used in the future. To tackle this, we conduct a systematic literature survey of research utilizing EMS as a wearable output method. We investigate the published research (N = 151) by analyzing the EMS systems’ setup, calibration, and evaluation. We create a taxonomy of the application scenarios that categorize them along two dimensions (i.e., (1) action <> perception and (2) augmentation <> induction). Further, we distill open research challenges from our results that can help to stimulate and guide research on EMS in the future.
Break, Repair, Learn, Break Less: Investigating User Preferences for Assignment of Divergent Phrasing Learning Burden in Human-Agent Interaction to Minimize Conversational Breakdowns

Conversational agents (CA) occasionally fail to understand the user’s intention or respond inappropriately due to natural language complexity. These conversational breakdowns can happen because of low intent and entity prediction confidence scores. A promising repair strategy in such cases is that the CA proposes to users likely alternatives to proceed. If one of these options matches the user’s intention, the breakdown is repaired successfully. We propose that successful repairs should be followed by a learning mechanism to minimize future breakdowns. After a successful repair, the CA, user, or both can learn each other’s specific phrasing. This prevents similar phrasings from causing reoccurring breakdowns. We compared user preferences for these learning mechanisms in a scenario-based study with manufacturing workers (). Our result showed that users first prefer to share the learning burden with the CA (61.3%), followed by entirely outsourcing the learning burden to the CA (60.7%) as opposed to themselves.
Comparison of Coded Modulation for Short Messages over High North Underwater Acoustic Channels

As the Arctic Ocean becomes increasingly accessible due to the continuous sea-ice retreat during the last decades, UnderWater Acoustic (UWA) communications will play a pivotal role in future underwater Arctic exploration/exploitation activities that will inevitably emerge. In this paper, we aim to improve the reliability of short packet transmission typically needed for low-latency low-packet-loss communications. In particular, we compare the Packet Error Rates (PERs) of convolutional, turbo, Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) and polar codes. These four codes are implemented in the physical layer of a software modem, which uses single-carrier, Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation achieving 360 bits/s over the 3830-6170 Hz band. The modem transmitted 128-, 256-, 384-bit long packets over various UWA links north-west off the Svalbard Islands in June 2021. The packets were recorded in a linear hydrophone array and our offline analysis shows that there is an enormous reduction in the PER for all codes as the number of the used hydrophones increases from one to four. In addition, our results confirm the superiority of the polar code for all packet lengths and number of hydrophones.
Towards Giving Timely Formative Feedback and Hints to Novice Programmers

Every year, millions of students learn how to write programs. Learning activities for beginners almost always include programming tasks that require a student to write a program to solve a particular problem. When learning how to solve such a task, many students need feedback on their previous actions, and hints on how to proceed. For tasks such as programming, which are most often solved stepwise, the feedback should take the steps a student has taken towards implementing a solution into account, and the hints should help a student to complete or improve a possibly partial solution. This paper investigates how previous research on feedback is translated to when and how to give feedback and hints on steps a student takes when solving a programming task. We have selected datasets consisting of sequences of steps students take when working on a programming problem, and annotated these datasets at those places at which experts would intervene, and how they would intervene. We have used these datasets to compare expert feedback and hints to feedback and hints given by learning environments for programming. Although we have constructed extensive guidelines on when and how to give feedback, we observed plenty of disagreement between experts. We also found several differences between feedback given by experts and learning environments. Experts intervene at specific moments, while in learning environments students have to ask for feedback themselves. The contents of feedback is also different; experts often give (positive) feedback on subgoals, which is not supported by most environments.
Response Law of Series Resonant Resistance under the Droplet Model of Quartz Crystal Microbalance

Abstract Liquid viscosity measurement, especially the accurate detection of high-viscosity liquid, has been a hot research in biomedical, petrochemical, and other industries. In this article, a series resonant resistance response of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) under the droplet model is introduced to characterize the density and viscosity of the liquid. The experimental results of water, glycerol solution with 50% water content, and pure glycerol show that the resonant resistance has a similar response to the resonant frequency and higher stability. Compared with the traditional method in which QCM contacts liquid on one side, this new method has the advantages of extremely high-quality factor, wide measurement range, and minimal reagent requirement, which has important guiding significance for the application of QCM in high-viscosity liquids.
Flexural Vibration Magnetoelectric Antenna for Medium Frequency and High Frequency

Abstract High-frequency (HF) and medium frequency (MF) antennas are an important part of modern wireless communication systems. However, the extremely large size of small electric antennas in these bands limits the range of applications of wireless communication systems, especially in implantable devices and the Internet of Things (IoT). In this article, a Microscale Flexible Vibration-Magnetoelectric (FV-ME) antenna with resonant frequencies at MF or HF is proposed. At MF or HF, the size of FV-ME is smaller than that of Magnetoelectric (ME) antennas based on other driving modes. The coupling mechanism of the FV-ME antenna is analyzed using an equivalent circuit. The equivalent circuit is formed by adding a force-magnetic coupling coefficient to the equivalent circuit of a piezoelectric micromechanical ultrasonic transducer, which is derived by the energy method. The effects of material coverage, thickness ratio, modulus ratio and acoustic radiation on the ME coefficient of the FV-ME were evaluated. These results show that ME antennas based on bending vibration modes can operate at intermediate or high frequencies. Furthermore, the FV-ME antenna having a diameter of hundreds of microns is significantly smaller than other MF or HF antennas.
Design of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Structures Based on Proof Mass Analysis-Simulation and Experimental Study

Abstract In this work, two types of piezoelectric structures A and B are designed for harvesting maximum amount of energy from motor vibrations. The analysis is conducted under various load conditions with the placement of two different shapes of proof mass (square and rectangular) on the piezoelectric energy harvester. An experimental study is conducted for harvesting energy from motor vibrations using two piezoelectric structures A and B, in which, structure B with the placement of square-proof mass generates maximum power, which is efficient for powering low-power electronic applications.
Dynamic lane changing trajectory planning for CAV: A multi-agent model with path preplanning

This paper presents a multi-agent dynamic lane-changing (LC) trajectory planning method for CAV. In this method, a decision module is constructed by means of a potential field to determine the LC starting point. Then a series of trajectories is generated in the trajectory generation module. A cost function is constructed for searching for the corresponding optimal trajectory for both the subject vehicle and the participants. The simulation results indicate that the proposed model improves the LC success rate and reduces duration. Differing from the traditional model, we consider the cooperation feature of CAV’s LC and satisfy the subject vehicle’s demand as well as minimizing its impact on the other participants. Moreover, the driving environment including mesoscale information is considered to improve the LC success rate, which provides a new strategy for optimizing LC decision. Additionally, the method can also be applied to simulate CAVs’ LC behaviour.