Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microporous metal-organic frameworks incorporating 1,4-benzeneditetrazolate: syntheses, structures, and hydrogen storage properties.

The potential of tetrazolate-based ligands for forming metal-organic frameworks of utility in hydrogen storage is demonstrated with the use of 1,4-benzeneditetrazolate (BDT(2)(-)) to generate a series of robust, microporous materials. Reaction of H(2)BDT with MnCl(2). 4H(2)O and Mn(NO(3))(2). 4H(2)O in N,N-diethylformamide (DEF) produces the two-dimensional framework solids Mn(3)(BDT)(2)Cl(2)(DEF)(6) (1) and Mn(4)(BDT)(3)(NO(3))(2)(DEF)(6) (2), whereas reactions with hydrated salts of Mn(2+), Cu(2+), and Zn(2+) in a mixture of methanol and DMF afford the porous, three-dimensional framework solids Zn(3)(BDT)(3)(DMF)(4)(H(2)O)(2). 3.5CH(3)OH (3), Mn(3)(BDT)(3)(DMF)(4)(H(2)O)(2). 3CH(3)OH.2H(2)O.DMF (4), Mn(2)(BDT)Cl(2)(DMF)(2). 1.5CH(3)OH.H(2)O (5), and Cu(BDT)(DMF). CH(3)OH.0. 25DMF (6). It is shown that the method for desolvating such compounds can dramatically influence the ensuing gas sorption properties. When subjected to a mild evacuation procedure, compounds 3-6 exhibit permanent porosity, with BET surface areas in the range 200-640 m(2)/g. The desolvated forms of 3-5 store between 0.82 and 1.46 wt % H(2) at 77 K and 1 atm, with enthalpies of adsorption in the range 6.0-8.8 kJ/mol, among the highest so far reported for metal-organic frameworks. In addition, the desolvated form of 6 exhibits preferential adsorption of O(2) over H(2) and N(2), showing promise for gas separation and purification applications.
Compartmentation of glutamate and glutamine in the lateral cervical nucleus: Further evidence for glutamate as a spinocervical tract neurotransmitter

Previous observations indicate that spinocervical tract terminals contain relatively high levels of glutamate. To examine whether these high glutamate levels are likely to represent a neurotransmitter pool or an elevated metabolic pool, the distributions of glutamate‐ and glutamine‐like immunoreactivities were examined in adjacent immunogold‐labeled sections of the lateral cervical nucleus. Spinocervical tract terminals were identified by anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase and wheat germ agglutinin‐horseradish peroxidase conjugate from the spinal cord.
Donor origin of de novo hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatic allografts1

Background. Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) that originate de novo in liver transplants without preceding HCC in the explanted organ have only rarely been reported. Because recent data demonstrated a mixed hepatocellular chimerism caused by the integration of host-derived stem cells, a study was conducted on the origin of tumor cells in de novo HCC. Methods. From two cases of de novo HCC arising in liver transplants after hepatitis B reinfection, tumor cells and nonneoplastic liver cells from the patient’s own liver and donor liver were isolated by laser microdissection and highly polymorphic short tandem DNA repeats (STR) were investigated. Results. Isolated tumor cells revealed donor-specific STR genotypes that could clearly be discriminated from the genotype of the host. Conclusions. Hepatitis B virus-associated de novo HCC in liver transplants is of donor but not host origin. The new technique described here can also discriminate between true recurrence of the original tumor and new recipient tumors.
Amyand Hernia: What Lies Beneath–A Proposed Classification Scheme to Determine Management

Acute appendicitis in a hernia sac occurs exceptionally. An 80-year-old male patient underwent emergency surgery for an incarcerated right inguinal hernia found to contain a gangrenous appendix. His brief improvement after an emergency herniotomy with appendectomy was followed by intestinal obstruction caused by advanced colon cancer. The unique features and individualized management of the four published types of Amyand hernia are reviewed. Rather than simply being an anatomical curiosity, Amyand hernias require individualized attention to decide how to manage both the appendix and the hernia. Clinical scrutiny, a high index of suspicion for surgical comorbidities, and a common sense approach may improve outcomes.
Information Flow in Interaction Networks II: Channels, Path Lengths, and Potentials

In our previous publication, a framework for information flow in interaction networks based on random walks with damping was formulated with two fundamental modes: emitting and absorbing. While many other network analysis methods based on random walks or equivalent notions have been developed before and after our earlier work, one can show that they can all be mapped to one of the two modes. In addition to these two fundamental modes, a major strength of our earlier formalism was its accommodation of context-specific directed information flow that yielded plausible and meaningful biological interpretation of protein functions and pathways. However, the directed flow from origins to destinations was induced via a potential function that was heuristic. Here, with a theoretically sound approach called the channel mode, we extend our earlier work for directed information flow. This is achieved by constructing a potential function facilitating a purely probabilistic interpretation of the channel mode. For each network node, the channel mode combines the solutions of emitting and absorbing modes in the same context, producing what we call a channel tensor. The entries of the channel tensor at each node can be interpreted as the amount of flow passing through that node from an origin to a destination. Similarly to our earlier model, the channel mode encompasses damping as a free parameter that controls the locality of information flow. Through examples involving the yeast pheromone response pathway, we illustrate the versatility and stability of our new framework.
Analysis of accelerograms—Parkfield earthquake

Integrated velocities and displacements show that near the fault at Cholame the surface motion exhibited a transient horizontal displacement pulse of approximately ten inches amplitude and one and one-half seconds duration, normal to the fault. Although 50 per cent of ground acceleration was recorded at the fault, the ground motion attenuated rapidly with distance and at ten miles from the fault the maximum acceleration was reduced to one-tenth of its near-fault value. The ground motion also changed its character with distance, losing its pulse-like directional characteristic and becoming isotropic. Computed response spectra are presented and the large spectrum ordinates for this shock of relatively small magnitude and moderate destructiveness indicate that in an engineering sense the Parkfield ground motion is in a different class from such large destructive ground motions as El Centro 1940, Tehachapi 1952, and Olympia 1949.
Mycogeography of Fusarium: Fusarium species in soils from Palm Valley, central Australia

The identity and abundance of Fusarium species in soils from Palm Valley in the central arid ranges of Australia were assessed in two successive years. This location enabled a comparison of Fusarium species in soils from within the valley where soil moisture is more readily available and the dominant plants are shallow rooted palms, with Fusarium species in soils from the arid rim characterised by spinifex grasses and xeric shrubs. Sixteen sites were sampled. Of the sites within the valley, four were dominated by palms, three by cycads, and four by endemic grasses. The five arid habitats sampled from the rim were dominated by grasses. Twelve Fusarium species and one subspecies were isolated using the dilution plate technique and peptone-PCNB agar. Fusarium oxysporum was recovered from all sites in both years irrespective of vegetation or moisture availability. Fusarium compactum, F. solani and F. scirpi were recovered from most sites. The greatest range of species was recovered from grassed sites, with fewest species being recovered from cycad sites. Taxonomic characteristics of the isolates of F. polyphialidicum are described in detail because they expand the boundaries of the published description.
Modulation of Spike-Mediated Synaptic Transmission by Presynaptic Background Ca2+ in Leech Heart Interneurons

At the core of the rhythmically active leech heartbeat central pattern generator are pairs of mutually inhibitory interneurons. Synaptic transmission between these interneurons consists of spike-mediated and graded components, both of which wax and wane on a cycle-by-cycle basis. Low-threshold Ca2+ currents gate the graded component. Ca imaging experiments indicate that these low-threshold currents are widespread in the neurons and that they contribute to neuron-wide changes in internal background Ca2+ concentration (Ivanov and Calabrese, 2000). During normal rhythmic activity, background Ca2+concentration oscillates, and thus graded synaptic transmission waxes and wanes as the neurons move from the depolarized to the inhibited phases of their activity. Here we show that in addition to gating graded transmitter release, the background Ca2+ concentration changes evoked by low-threshold Ca2+ currents modulate spike-mediated synaptic transmission. We develop stimulation paradigms to simulate the changes in baseline membrane potential that accompany rhythmic bursting. Using Ca imaging and electrophysiological measurements, we show that the strength of spike-mediated synaptic transmission follows the changes in background Ca2+ concentration that these baseline potential changes evoke and that it does not depend on previous spike activity. Moreover, we show using internal EGTA and photo-release of caged Ca2+ and caged Ca2+ chelator that changes in internal Ca2+ concentration modulate spike-mediated synaptic transmission. Thus activity-dependent changes in background Ca2+, which have been implicated in homeostatic regulation of intrinsic membrane currents and synaptic strength, may also regulate synaptic transmission in an immediate way to modulate synaptic strength cycle by cycle in rhythmically active networks.
Autonomous Generation of Bounding Boxes for Image Sets of the Same Object

One of the challenges of computer vision research is to achieve accurate autonomous object recognition. This project focuses on the specific problem of finding bounding boxes of a given object in a set of pictures, each of which is guaranteed to contain this object. We run our experiments on the image database ImageNet, developed by Stanford’s Vision Lab. In ImageNet, each "synset" is a group of about 1000 images of a certain object where the bounding boxes are labeled manually via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Since this method is not scalable, we propose an algorithm that generates bounding shapes and can partially eliminate the need for human labor. In this paper, we compare this new algorithm DetectRec, which relies on high-level image cues such as object shape, to our initial algorithm that relies on low-level cues like HOG.
Dynamic egg color mimicry

Abstract Evolutionary hypotheses regarding the function of eggshell phenotypes, from solar protection through mimicry, have implicitly assumed that eggshell appearance remains static throughout the laying and incubation periods. However, recent research demonstrates that egg coloration changes over relatively short, biologically relevant timescales. Here, we provide the first evidence that such changes impact brood parasite–host eggshell color mimicry during the incubation stage. First, we use long‐term data to establish how rapidly the Acrocephalus arundinaceus Linnaeus (great reed warbler) responded to natural parasitic eggs laid by the Cuculus canorus Linnaeus (common cuckoo). Most hosts rejected parasitic eggs just prior to clutch completion, but the host response period extended well into incubation (~10 days after clutch completion). Using reflectance spectrometry and visual modeling, we demonstrate that eggshell coloration in the great reed warbler and its brood parasite, the common cuckoo, changes rapidly, and the extent of eggshell color mimicry shifts dynamically over the host response period. Specifically, 4 days after being laid, the host should notice achromatic color changes to both cuckoo and warbler eggs, while chromatic color changes would be noticeable after 8 days. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the perceived match between host and cuckoo eggshell color worsened over the incubation period. These findings have important implications for parasite–host coevolution dynamics, because host egg discrimination may be aided by disparate temporal color changes in host and parasite eggs.
Parasitemia Characteristics of Plasmodium vivax Malaria Patients in the Republic of Korea

Parasitemia characteristics of Plasmodium vivax malaria in temperate regions may differ from those in tropical zones. However, most parasitological and clinical features of P. vivax malaria have been investigated in the latter. In this study, we investigated 383 malaria patients to clarify the parasitemia characteristics of a P. vivax strain in the Republic of Korea (ROK). The mean parasitemia (8,396/µL) was less than half of tropical P. vivax malaria, and multiple invasions of erythrocytes were not rare (53.5% of the patients, 2.4% of the total investigated RBCs), but less than the observations in tropical zones. The intervals between the first symptom onset and diagnosis were significantly longer in gametocyte (+) patients than in gametocyte (-) patients. Only half of the total patients had both genders of gametocytes (191 of 353), and the male gametocyte density (169/µL) was lower than that of P. vivax strains of a previous study. Multiple invasions of erythrocytes and gametocytemia were coincident factors of the degree of anemia in P. vivax malaria. The present findings demonstrate the P. vivax strain in ROK reveals relatively low parasitemia and low male to female gametocyte ratio. The low ratio may be related with low transmission efficacy.
QoE-aware resource allocation for integrated surveillance system over 4G mobile networks

In this paper, a joint uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) framework for wireless mobile camera networks over an OFDMA-based infrastructure is proposed. On the UL, this system collects unicast real-time video streams from mobile wireless camera stations (CSs) and forwards them to a control center. On the DL, the aggregated video streams are multicast to multiple mobile stations (MSs) to facilitate monitoring of the same video scenes. A target bit rate is set for each UL video stream, based on an objective function that includes both the quality of experience (QoE) and popularity of video contents as key criteria. A QoE-driven scheduling and resource allocation policy at the MAC/PHY layers, and a real-time scalable video layer adaptation algorithm in the APP layer are proposed. On the DL, a previously published opportunistic layered multicasting scheduling algorithm is applied. Simulation results demonstrate that this proposed novel architecture can significantly enhance both the spectral efficiency and the QoE of users in both UL and DL directions.
Host cell range of adult t‐cell leukemia virus I. Viral infectivity and binding to various cells as detected by flow cytometry

Adult T‐cell leukemia virus is the member of a human type‐C retrovirus family (HTLV) found to be associated with adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL) in Japan. In our study, HTLV was isolated from the MT‐2 cell line, purified on sucrose gradient and labelled with fluorescein‐isothiocyanate (FITC‐HTLV). The protein pattern of the virus was determined by SDS‐gel electrophoresis and assured by Western blotting using ATL patient serum. Fresh human lymphocytes, separated Band T cells, mouse and rabbit lymphocytes, mouse fibroblasts, and 13 different tumor cell lines were tested in parallel for binding of FITC‐HTLV and infectability by the virus. Virus binding to cell receptors was assayed by flow cytometry. Successful infection was monitored by following the expression of HTLV determined antigen (HTLA). Most of the cells bound FITC‐HTLV at levels ranging from 5% to 130% of the MT‐2 cell binding. Only fresh human T, mouse and rabbit lymphocytes were infectable by cell‐free virus preparations. The results demonstrate that HTLV receptors are present on different types of cells of both human and animal origin, and that infection by the virus is restricted to fewer host cells but not limited to a specific class of human lymphocytes.
Discourse semantics of s-modifying adverbials

In this thesis, we address the question of why certain S-modifying adverbials are only interpretable with respect to the discourse or spatio-temporal context, and not just their own matrix clause. It is not possible to list these adverbials because the set of adverbials is compositional and therefore infinite. Instead, we investigate the mechanisms underlying their interpretation. We present a corpus-based analysis of the predicate argument structure and interpretation of over 13,000 S-modifying adverbials. We use prior research on discourse deixis and clause-level predicates to study the semantics of the arguments of S-modifying adverbials and the syntactic constituents from which they can be derived. We show that many S-modifying adverbials contain semantic arguments that may not be syntactically overt, but whose interpretation nevertheless context. Prior work has investigated only a small subset of these discourse connectives; at the clause-level their semantics has been largely ignored and at the discourse level they are usually treated as “signals” light on the space of relations imparted by a much wider variety of adverbials. We further show how their predicate argument structure and interpretation can be formalized and incorporated into a rich intermediate model of discourse that alone among other models views discourse connectives as predicates whose syntax and semantics must be specified and recoverable to interpret discourse. It is not only due to their argument structure and interpretation that adverbials have been treated as discourse connectives, however. Our corpus contains adverbials whose semantics alone does not cause them to be interpreted with respect to We explore other explanations for why these adverbials evoke discourse context for their interpretation; in particular, we show how the interaction of prosody with the interpretation of S-modifying adverbials can contribute to discourse coherence, and we also show how S-modifying adverbials can be used to convey implicatures.
Role of the glycolytic protein, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, in normal cell function and in cell pathology

The glycolytic protein glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) appeared to be an archtypical protein of limited excitement. However, independent studies from a number of different laboratories reported a variety of diverse biological properties of the GAPDH protein. As a membrane protein, GAPDH functions in endocytosis; in the cytoplasm, it is involved in the translational control of gene expression; in the nucleus, it functions in nuclear tRNA export, in DNA replication, and in DNA repair. The intracellular localization of GAPDH may be dependent on the proliferative state of the cell. Recent studies identified a role for GAPDH in neuronal apoptosis. GAPDH gene expression was specifically increased during programmed neuronal cell death. Transfection of neuronal cells with antisense GAPDH sequences inhibited apoptosis. Lastly, GAPDH may be directly involved in the cellular phenotype of human neurodegenerative disorders, especially those characterized at the molecular level by the expansion of CAG repeats. In this review, the current status of ongoing GAPDH studies are described (with the exception of its unique oxidative modification by nitric oxide). Consideration of future directions are suggested. J. Cell. Biochem. 66:133‐140, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Challenging gender inequity through male involvement in maternal and newborn health: critical assessment of an emerging evidence base

Men's involvement in the health of women and children is considered an important avenue for addressing gender influences on maternal and newborn health. The impact of male involvement around the time of childbirth on maternal and newborn health outcomes was examined as one part of a systematic review of maternal health intervention studies published between 2000 and 2012. Of 33,888 articles screened, 13 eligible studies relating to male involvement were identified. The interventions documented in these studies comprise an emerging evidence base for male involvement in maternal and newborn health. We conducted a secondary qualitative analysis of the 13 studies, reviewing content that had been systematically extracted. A critical assessment of this extracted content finds important gaps in the evidence base, which are likely to limit how ‘male involvement’ is understood and implemented in maternal and newborn health policy, programmes and research. Collectively, the studies point to the need for an evidence base that includes studies that clearly articulate and document the gender-transformative potential of involving men. This broader evidence base could support the use of male involvement as a strategy to improve both health and gender equity outcomes.
Speleothem U-series constraints on scarp retreat rates and landscape evolution: an example from the Severn valley and Cotswold Hills gull-caves, UK

Modelling landscape evolution requires quantitative estimates of erosional processes. Dating erosional landscape features such as escarpments is usually difficult because of the lack of datable deposits. Some escarpments and valley margins are associated with the formation of mass-movement caves, sometimes known as ‘gull’ or ‘crevice’ caves, which are typically restricted to within 0.5 km of the valley margin or scarp edge. As in other caves, these mass-movement cavities may host speleothems. As gull-caves develop only after valley incision, uranium-series dating of speleothems within them can provide a minimum age for the timing of valley excavation and scarp formation. Here we present data from several gull-caves in the Cotswold Hills, which form the eastern flank of the Severn valley in southern England. U-series ages from these gull-caves yield estimates for both the minimum age of the Cotswold escarpment and the maximum scarp retreat rate. This is combined with data from geological modelling to propose a model for the evolution of the Severn valley and the Cotswold Hills. The data suggest that the location of the escarpment and regional topography is determined not by valley widening and scarp retreat, but by the in situ generation of relief by differential erosion.
Phylogeny and Biogeography of Pacific Rubus Subgenus Idaeobatus (Rosaceae) Species: Investigating the Origin of the Endemic Hawaiian Raspberry R. macraei

The endemic Hawaiian raspberries Rubus hawaiensis and R. macraei (both subgenus Idaeobatus) had been thought to be closely related species until recent molecular studies demonstrated otherwise. These studies suggest that they are the products of separate colonizations to the Hawaiian Islands. Affinities of R. hawaiensis to R. spectabilis of western North America were clearly confirmed. However, no clear relation to R. macraei has been published. This study was initiated to examine species of subg. Idaeobatus from the surrounding Pacific region as well as species from other subgenera to better evaluate biogeographic and phylogenetic affinities of R. macraei by means of chromosome analysis and molecular data using the chloroplast gene ndhF. Results show that R. macraei clusters in a clade with species of blackberries, subg. Rubus, and of these it is most closely linked to R. ursinus. Chromosomally, R. macraei is 2n = 6x = 42, a number that would be a new report for subg. Idaeobatus. However, polyploidy is common in subg. Rubus. Analyses indicate that R. macraei and R. hawaiensis are derived from separate colonizations from North America and that similarities between them are due to convergent evolution in the Hawaiian environment.