Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Audit in Health Sector Planning and Program Implementation in India

Audit is defined as “the process by which people, the final beneficiaries of any scheme, program, policies, and laws are empowered to review any scheme, policy, program, or law. ”(1) Social audit is an ongoing process by which the potential beneficiaries and other stakeholders of an activity or project are involved from the planning to the monitoring and evaluation of that activity or project. (1) This concept has amply been used in social sector and that is why the term social audit has come up. There has been increasing interest about the use of this technique in health sector in the developed and developing world, in the last decade. (2) There are well-reported examples of beneficial effect of social audit in increasing program performance in health sector. (3,4) This article has been written with the objectives to provide basic framework for social audit, note down the steps to be taken, cite specific examples of use of social audit in health sector, and outline the expertise needed and challenges in implementing social audit in health programs in India.
Mediation of anorexia by human recombinant tumor necrosis factor through a peripheral action in the rat.

Human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF) produces significant anorexia in the rat which persists for up to 24 h after a single dose (5 micrograms/325 g rat). Dose-response studies indicate similar potencies for TNF following central or peripheral administration. Brain 125I-TNF levels were more than 100-fold greater after intracerebroventricular than i.v. injection, whereas blood levels of radioactivity were quite similar following both routes of administration. Gel filtration chromatography and precipitation by trichloroacetic acid showed that the radioactive label which exited the central nervous system was associated with intact TNF. The rapid effusion of 125I-TNF from the central nervous system resulted in detection of similar levels of the cytokine in a number of important target tissues (skin, muscle, fat) relative to that detected after peripheral administration. After i.v. or intracerebroventricular administration, blood levels of TNF declined rapidly to nearly undetectable levels over 4 h. However, the anorexia induced by TNF was sustained, and feeding remained depressed between 6 and 24 h postadministration. These observations suggest that TNF produces its anorectic effects at peripheral sites, possibly through mediators.
A 10b 50MS/s 820µW SAR ADC with on-chip digital calibration

Rapid growth in the demand for “Green-IT” or medical applications requires power efficient ADCs. SAR ADC power scales with CMOS technology because it does not need operational amplifiers, which are getting difficult to design in deeply scaled CMOS. Recent published SAR ADCs have no static current, which improves energy efficiency [1, 2]. Split capacitor digital-to-analog converter (CDAC) is one of the best architectures for high resolution SAR ADC, but is very sensitive to the splitting capacitor because of its fractional value and parasitic. Conventional SAR ADC needs approximately 10 times faster external clock if it has no internal clock generator. However the internal SAR clock generation enables the external clock frequency to be the same as the sampling rate, but suffers from unstable operation caused by large PVT delay variation. This ADC is designed with on-chip digital calibration techniques, comparator offset calibration, CDAC linearity error calibration and internal clock frequency control to compensate for the PVT variation. The ADC is integrated in 65nm CMOS and achieved 10b at 50MS/s while consuming 820µW from a 1.0V supply.
Jatropha curcas L. Root Structure and Growth in Diverse Soils

Unlike most biofuel species, Jatropha curcas has promise for use in marginal lands, but it may serve an additional role by stabilizing soils. We evaluated the growth and structural responsiveness of young J. curcas plants to diverse soil conditions. Soils included a sand, a sandy-loam, and a clay-loam from eastern Mexico. Growth and structural parameters were analyzed for shoots and roots, although the focus was the plasticity of the primary root system architecture (the taproot and four lateral roots). The sandy soil reduced the growth of both shoot and root systems significantly more than sandy-loam or clay-loam soils; there was particularly high plasticity in root and shoot thickness, as well as shoot length. However, the architecture of the primary root system did not vary with soil type; the departure of the primary root system from an index of perfect symmetry was 14 ± 5% (mean ± standard deviation). Although J. curcas developed more extensively in the sandy-loam and clay-loam soils than in sandy soil, it maintained a consistent root to shoot ratio and root system architecture across all types of soil. This strong genetic determination would make the species useful for soil stabilization purposes, even while being cultivated primarily for seed oil.
Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology A Generalized Sidak-Holm Procedure and Control of Generalized Error Rates under Independence

For testing multiple null hypotheses, the classical approach to dealing with the multiplicity problem is to restrict attention to procedures that control the familywise error rate (FWER), the probability of even one false rejection. In many applications, one might be willing to tolerate more than one false rejection provided the number of such cases is controlled, thereby increasing the ability of the procedure to detect false null hypotheses. This suggests replacing control of the FWER by controlling the probability of k or more false rejections, which is called the k-FWER. In Hommel and Hoffmann (1987) and Lehmann and Romano (2005a), single step and stepdown procedures are derived that control the k-FWER, without making any assumptions concerning the dependence structure of the p-values of the individual tests. However, if the p-values are mutually independent, one can improve the procedures. In fact, Sarkar (2005) provided such an improvement. However, we show other improvements are possible which appear to be generally much better, and are sometimes unimprovable. When k=1, the procedure reduces to the classical method of Sidak, and the stepdown procedure is unimprovable and strictly dominates that of Sarkar. Under a monotonicity condition, an unimprovable procedure is obtained. In the case k=2, the monotonicity condition is satisfied, and the condition can be checked numerically in general. We then develop a stepdown method that controls the false discovery proportion. Except for the case of k-FWER control with k=1, the gains are surprisingly dramatic, and theoretical and numerical evidence is given.
Circularly polarized patch antenna for S-band satellite applications

In this paper, a circularly polarized antenna is proposed for satellite communication system. Commercially available Finite Integration Technique (FIT) based software Computer Simulation Technology (CST) microwave studio and finite element method solver based High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS) have been used in this analysis. The proposed antenna achieved 3dB axial ratio of 30 MHz with -10dB reflection coefficient. The axial ratio and reflection coefficient has been verified with both CST and HFSS simulation software. The operating frequency of the proposed antenna is 2.35 GHz. The antenna has been printed on FR-4 (lossy) Substrate material with relative Permittivity of 4.6 and thickness of 1.6 mm. The proposed antenna exhibits a 3 dB axial-ratio beam width of more than 1420.
Leadership: a critical introduction

The book introduces leadership and then takes the reader through the ‘history’ and evolution of leadership from traits (Great man) theory to skills, situational, behaviour, contingency theories right through to charismatic, transformational, authentic before looking at destructive and self-leadership theories. The book presents a nice, easy-reading style with little or no complexity or obscurity in the text. I believe that the book will serve as a very good introductory text for undergraduate students or indeed post-graduate students who are new to the subject of leadership. It is suggested that the book does not have to be read in order of the chapters presented but can serve as a reference book based on the specific subject interest of the reader.
Credibility Elements of eWOM Messages in the Context of Health Care Services. A Romanian Perspective

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the Romanian consumers’ determinants of eWOM messages’ perceived credibility in the context of health care services. We selected a sample of 127 women and we administered a questionnaire. We used the partial least squares to uncover the established relationships between the variables of the model, namely the argument strength and the source credibility of a eWOM message and the intention to purchase a health care service based on the information embedded in the eWOM messages. The results revealed that all variables had positive direct correlations with each other but the argument strength of a message has the highest impact on the intention.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nanoclusters of ZnS Comprised on Nanowires

Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide cationic (CTAB) surfactant was used as template for the synthesis of nanoclusters of ZnS composed of nanowires, by hydrothermal method. The structural and morphological studies were performed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) techniques. The synthesized ZnS nanoclusters are composed of nanowires and high yield on the substrate was observed. The ZnS nanocrystalline consists of hexagonal phase and polycrystalline in nature. The chemical composition of ZnS nanoclusters composed of nanowires was studied by X-ray photo electron microscopy (XPS). This investigation has shown that the ZnS nanoclusters are composed of Zn and S atoms.
Differenzielle Aspekte psychischer Beanspruchung aus Sicht der Zielorientierung

Zusammenfassung: Am Beispiel des Konstruktes Irritation wird der Erklarungswert von Zielerreichungstheorien fur Prozesse des Stresserlebens verdeutlicht. Aus Sicht der Zielerreichung ist Irritation ein Zustand psychischer Befindensbeeintrachtigung in Folge erlebter Zieldiskrepanz, der sowohl Ruminationen, im Sinne verstarkter Zielerreichungsbemuhungen (kognitive Irritation), als auch Gereiztheitsreaktionen, im Sinne einer Zielabwehr (emotionale Irritation), umfasst. Die postulierte zweifaktorielle Struktur des Konstruktes konnte in konfirmatorischen Faktoranalysen (N = 4030) bestatigt werden. Drei Validitatsstudien verdeutlichen die unterschiedliche instrumentelle Funktion beider Subfaktoren im Prozess der Zielerreichung und Zielablosung. Damit sind nunmehr differenziertere Aussagen uber die Mittlerrolle von Irritation zwischen Stresserleben und Krankheitsbildung moglich, die fur eine kunftige Theorien- und Hypothesenbildung sowie im Kontext psychologischer Beratung genutzt werden konnen.
A Theoretical Approach for the Olympic Legacy Study Focusing on Sustainable Sport Legacy

The management of the Olympic Games has changed significantly since the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games. The introduction of commercialisation probably saved the Olympic Games from a fateful crisis. It brought financial stability and attracted cities to bid for the Games. On the other hand, the impact of hosting the Olympic Games increased as more stakeholders became involved in its management. In addition, the global community became concerned about environmental issues. Global organisations including the International Olympic Committee (IOC) were required to take actions towards sustainable development. In this context, the debate regarding the Olympic legacy became of interest among stakeholders and researchers. The IOC introduced indicators to measure impact and legacy, which is now referred to as Olympic Games Impact (OGI). However, there are some issues in the current OGI study. This paper aims to suggest a theoretical approach which would contribute to solve the issues by focusing on sustainable sport legacy as an example. The proposed theoretical approach is focusing on event objective and analysing the relationship between sport policy and sport legacy development concentrated on the process and opportunity rather than the outcome.
Co-training Approach for Label-Minimized Audio Classification

Audio classification is an important preprocess to the audio data. However, lots of manual labeled data are needed for training models. In order to solve this problem, we evaluate a semi-supervised machine learning algorithm called co-training for content-based audio classification. The audio is divided into there classes: pure speech, pure music and speech mixed with music. We consider the audio features as views and minimize the labeled data quantity by using co-training algorithm. The experimental results on the VOA Special English show the effectiveness of the co-training algorithm for audio classification.
PROMALS web server for accurate multiple protein sequence alignments

Multiple sequence alignments are essential in homology inference, structure modeling, functional prediction and phylogenetic analysis. We developed a web server that constructs multiple protein sequence alignments using PROMALS, a progressive method that improves alignment quality by using additional homologs from PSI-BLAST searches and secondary structure predictions from PSIPRED. PROMALS shows higher alignment accuracy than other advanced methods, such as MUMMALS, ProbCons, MAFFT and SPEM. The PROMALS web server takes FASTA format protein sequences as input. The output includes a colored alignment augmented with information about sequence grouping, predicted secondary structures and positional conservation. The PROMALS web server is available at: http://prodata.swmed. edu/promals/
Partial questionnaire designs, questionnaire non‐response, and attributable fraction: applications to adult onset asthma

The attributable fraction (AF) is often used to explore the policy implications of an association between a disease and an exposure. To date, there have been no proposed estimators of AF in the context of partial questionnaire designs (PQD). The PQD, first proposed in a public health context by Wacholder is often used to enhance response rates in questionnaires. It involves eliciting responses from each subject on preassigned subsets of questions, thereby reducing the burden of response. We propose a computationally efficient method of estimating logistic (or more generally, binary) regression parameters from a PQD model where there is non‐response to the questionnaire and the rates of non‐response differ between sub‐populations. Assuming a log‐linear model for the distribution of missing covariates, we employ the methods of Wacholder to motivate consistent estimating equations, and weight each subject's contribution to the estimating function by the inverse probability of responding to the questionnaire. We also propose techniques for goodness‐of‐fit to assist in model selection. We then use the PQD regression estimates to derive an estimate of AF similar to that proposed by Bruzzi. Finally, we demonstrate our methods using data obtained from a study on adult occupational asthma, conducted within a Massachusetts HMO. Although we concentrate on a particular type of missing data mechanism, other missing data techniques can be incorporated into AF estimation in a similar manner. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Child molester or paedophile? Sociolegal versus psychopathological classification of sexual offenders against children

Abstract In the present study we analysed to what extent the categories used in empirical child molester research were sociolegal (based on offence types) or psychopathological (based on nomological systems of psychological types or mental disorders). Based on a systematic Medline and PsycInfo search, 714 empirical studies on child molesters from 1972 to 2004 were analysed with regard to the categories and diagnostic procedures used. The majority of studies used a grouping procedure based on an offence-orientated criterion (child molesters versus others), whereas only a few referred to diagnoses and, hence, to nomological systems utilized in clinical psychology and psychiatry. The results also indicated the presence of extensive classification pluralism and a dominance of publication in specialized forensic journals. Critical consequences of this research practice are discussed with regard to comparability of studies, heterogeneity of study groups, theory development and, particularly, the generalizability of child molester research. Finally, we propose a research strategy that is grounded more profoundly in methodological considerations and a more interdisciplinary orientation in sexual offender research.
Review Article a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Buyang Huanwu Decoction in Animal Model of Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD) is a well-known Chinese herbal prescription for ischemic stroke. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to provide the current evidence for neuroprotective effects of BHD and its possible mechanisms in animal models of focal ischemia. A systematic literature search, through October 2012, was performed using six databases. The outcome measures assessed were infarct size and/or neurological score. Fifty-six studies with 1270 animals that met the inclusion criteria were identified. The median score for methodological quality was 3 with a range of 2 to 6. Compared with vehicle or no treatment controls, BHD gave a 37% improvement in outcome for all doses ranging from 1.0 g/kg to 60 g/kg at each time point that BHD was administered (í µí± < 0.01). Efficacy was higher in mouse models that utilized suture occlusion and temporary ischemia. The neuroprotective effects of BHD are involved in multiple mechanisms and act upon multiple cell types. In conclusion, BHD possesses substantial neuroprotective effects in experimental stroke probably as a result of the multitarget therapy strategy typically utilized in traditional Chinese medicine. Future research should examine the presence of possible experimental bias and an in-depth study of herbal compound preparations.
Conflict in Small Groups: The Meaning and Consequences of Process Conflict

Through three studies of interacting small groups, we aimed to better understand the meaning and consequences of process conflict. Study 1 was an exploratory analysis of qualitative data that helped us to identify the unique dimensions of process conflict to more clearly distinguish it from task and relationship conflict. Study 2 used a broader sampling of participants to (a) demonstrate why process conflict has been difficult to discriminate from task conflict in many conflict scales, and (b) develop a two-factor Process Conflict Scale that effectively distinguishes process from task conflict. Study 3 used this new scale to examine the relationship between process conflict and group viability (group performance, satisfaction, and effective group process). The results showed that process conflict negatively affects group performance, member satisfaction, and group coordination.
Deferred Planning and Sensor Use

Traditional approaches to task planning assume the planner has access to all of the world information needed to develop a complete, correct plan|a plan which can then be executed in its entirety by a robot. We consider problems where some crucial information is missing at plan time but can be obtained from sensors during execution. We discuss the solution of these problems through deferred planning (i.e., by deferring speciic planning steps until more complete information is available and then restarting the planner). We also present early results of a comparative study of strategies for deciding which plan steps to defer.
Sensitivity of Edge Detection Methods for Quantifying Cell Migration Assays

Quantitative imaging methods to analyze cell migration assays are not standardized. Here we present a suite of two-dimensional barrier assays describing the collective spreading of an initially-confined population of 3T3 fibroblast cells. To quantify the motility rate we apply two different automatic image detection methods to locate the position of the leading edge of the spreading population after , and hours. These results are compared with a manual edge detection method where we systematically vary the detection threshold. Our results indicate that the observed spreading rates are very sensitive to the choice of image analysis tools and we show that a standard measure of cell migration can vary by as much as 25% for the same experimental images depending on the details of the image analysis tools. Our results imply that it is very difficult, if not impossible, to meaningfully compare previously published measures of cell migration since previous results have been obtained using different image analysis techniques and the details of these techniques are not always reported. Using a mathematical model, we provide a physical interpretation of our edge detection results. The physical interpretation is important since edge detection algorithms alone do not specify any physical measure, or physical definition, of the leading edge of the spreading population. Our modeling indicates that variations in the image threshold parameter correspond to a consistent variation in the local cell density. This means that varying the threshold parameter is equivalent to varying the location of the leading edge in the range of approximately 1–5% of the maximum cell density.
Characterization of causal simplicity and causal continuity through the continuity of the Lorentzian distance

A classical result in Lorentzian geometry states that a strongly causal spacetime is globally hyperbolic if and only if the Lorentzian distance is finite valued for every metric choice in the conformal class. It is proven here that a non-total imprisoning spacetime is causally simple if and only if for every metric choice in the conformal class the Lorentzian distance is continuous wherever it vanishes. Analogously, a strongly causal spacetime is causally continuous if and only if there is at least one metric in the conformal class such that the Lorentzian distance is continuous wherever it vanishes.
Efectos del tiempo de exposición en una tarea de flancos en diferentes condiciones de distancia target-flanco

Este trabajo es un estudio preliminar que pretende analizar el efecto que tiene el tiempo de exposicion de la informacion sobre la robustez del Efecto de Compatibilidad de los Flancos (ECF). Para ello, hemos llevado a cabo un experimento en el que hemos manipulado tres tiempos de exposicion (14 ms, 157 ms y hasta respuesta) bajo diferentes condiciones de separacion entre el target y el flanco (0,16°, 0,47°, y 1,14° de angulo visual de centro a centro). Los resultados indican que el tiempo de exposicion no influye sobre el ECF, ni tan siquiera en diferentes condiciones de distancia espacial. Se concluye la posibilidad de que se produzca un cierto nivel de automaticidad en el procesamiento del flanco
Fluorescent histochemical localization of neutral endopeptidase‐24.11 (enkephalinase) in the rat brainstem

Characterization of the distribution of the peptide‐degrading enzyme neutral endopeptidase‐24.11 (E.G. 3.4.24.11; NEP; enkephalinase) in the rat brainstem was examined by means of a unique fluorescent histochemical method. Enzyme staining was completely blocked by three potent NEP inhibitors (thiorphan, phosphoramidon, and JHF‐26) at a concentration of 50 nM, supporting the specificity of this method to visualize sites of NEP activity selectively.