Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
One No, Many Yeses: A Journey to the Heart of the Global Resistance Movement

A manifesto, an investigation, a travel book: an introduction to the new politics of resistance which shows there's much more to the anti-globalisation movement than trashing Starbucks. It could turn out to be the biggest political movement of the twenty-first century: a global coalition of millions, united in resisting an out-of-control global economy, and already building alternatives to it. It emerged in Mexico in 1994, when the Zapatista rebels rose up in defiance of the North American Free Trade Agreement. The West first noticed it in Seattle in 1999, when the World Trade Organisation was stopped in its tracks by 50,000 protesters. Since then, it has flowered all over the world, every month of every year. The 'anti-capitalist' street protests we see in the media are only the tip of its iceberg. It aims to shake the foundations of the global economy, and change the course of history. But what exactly is it? Who is involved, what do they want, and how do they aim to get it? To find out, Paul Kingsnorth travelled across four continents to visit some of the epicentres of the movement. In the process, he was tear-gassed on the streets of Genoa, painted anti-WTO puppets in Johannesburg, met a tribal guerrilla with supernatural powers, took a hot bath in Arizona with a pie-throwing anarchist and infiltrated the world's biggest gold mine in New Guinea. Along the way, he found a new political movement and a new political idea. Not socialism, not capitalism, not any 'ism' at all, it is united in what it opposes, and deliberately diverse in what it wants instead -- a politics of 'one no, many yeses'. This movement may yet change the world. This book tells its story.
Remotely induced warming of Antarctic Bottom Water in the eastern Weddell gyre

[1] Four repeat hydrographic sections across the eastern Weddell gyre at 30°E reveal a warming (by ~0.1°C) and lightening (by ~0.02–0.03 kg m−3) of the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) entering the gyre from the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean between the mid-1990s and late 2000s. Historical hydrographic and altimetric measurements in the region suggest that the most likely explanation for the change is increased entrainment of warmer mid-depth Circumpolar Deep Water by cascading shelf water plumes close to Cape Darnley, where the Indian-sourced AABW entering the Weddell gyre from the east is ventilated. This change in entrainment is associated with a concurrent southward shift of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current's (ACC) southern boundary in the region. This mechanism of AABW warming may affect wherever the ACC flows close to Antarctica.
Changes of ns‐soot mixing states and shapes in an urban area during CalNex

Aerosol particles from megacities influence the regional and global climate as well as the health of their occupants. We used transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) to study aerosol particles collected from the Los Angeles area during the 2010 CalNex campaign. We detected major amounts of ns‐soot, defined as consisting of carbon nanospheres, sulfate, sea salt, and organic aerosol (OA) and lesser amounts of brochosome particles from leaf hoppers. Ns‐soot‐particle shapes, mixing states, and abundances varied significantly with sampling times and days. Within plumes having high CO2 concentrations, much ns‐soot was compacted and contained a relatively large number of carbon nanospheres. Ns‐soot particles from both CalNex samples and Mexico City, the latter collected in 2006, had a wide range of shapes when mixed with other aerosol particles, but neither sets showed spherical ns‐soot nor the core‐shell configuration that is commonly used in optical calculations. Our TEM observations and light‐absorption calculations of modeled particles indicate that, in contrast to ns‐soot particles that are embedded within other materials or have the hypothesized core‐shell configurations, those attached to other aerosol particles hardly enhance their light absorption. We conclude that the ways in which ns‐soot mixes with other particles explain the observations of smaller light amplification by ns‐soot coatings than model calculations during the CalNex campaign and presumably in other areas.
Ventroposterior Medial Pallidotomy in Patients with Advanced Parkinson's Disease

Author Information Departments of Neurology (JPS, MFL, LM, SG, CD, MW, CHW), Neurological Surgery (WC, MLJA, JA), and Radiology (SG, JA), University of Southern California Medical School, Los Angeles, California Reprint requests: Cheryl H. Waters, M.D., F.R. C.P.(C.), F.A. C.P., Associate Professor of Neurology, Chief, Division of Movement Disorders, University of Southern California, 1510 San Pablo Street, Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA 90033. Received, August 8, 1994. Accepted, January 9, 1995.
A comparative study of the Floras of China and Canada

In this study, we investigated the floristic relationships between China and Canada based on comparative analysis of their spermatophyte floras. Floristic lists were compiled from standard floras and then subjected to cluster analysis using UPGMA and NMS ordination methods. Our data demonstrate that the Chinese spermatophyte flora is considerably more diverse than that of Canada and that the taxonomic richness of seed plants in the floras of China and Canada shows significant variation at the specific and generic levels. China contains 272 families, 3 318 genera, and 27 078 species (after taxonomic standardization), whereas the spermatophyte flora of Canada includes 145 families, 947 genera, and 4 616 species. The results indicate that out of 553 genera shared by the Chinese and Canadian floras, 60 of them have an eastern Asia-North American disjunct distributional pattern. These disjunct genera show a similar geographic distribution in both eastern and western Canada. There is a higher degree of similarity at higher taxonomic levels between the two intercontinental floras, which suggests ancient floristic relations hips, but there are significant differences at the generic and specific levels that are correlated with more recent geological and climatic variations and ecoenvironment diversity, resulting in differences in floristic composition. Overall, western and eastern Canada have a similar number of shared genera, which suggests multiple migration events of floristic elements via the Atlantic and Pacific connections and corridors that existed in past geological times.
An empirical approach to derive MODIS ocean color patterns under severe sun glint

Oil tracking in the Gulf of Mexico in response to the Deepwater Horizon accident requires timely and accurate observations of major circulation patterns such as the Loop Current and LC eddies. When the eastern GOM becomes nearly isothermal at the surface and the use of sea surface temperature imagery is limited, MODIS ocean color data can be used instead. However, frequent and extensive sun glint prevents such an application when glint reflectance, Lg, is >0.01 sr−1. Here, an empirical approach is developed to remove sun glint and clouds based on band ratios between the Rayleigh‐corrected reflectance (Rrc) at 469, 555, 645, 859, and 1240‐nm. To minimize the effect of residual errors due to variable aerosols and imperfect glint correction, a color index (CI) is derived to represent the color patterns. Comparison between results from adjacent days with different glint and aerosol patterns suggests that the approach is able to derive consistent color patterns under severe sun glint (Lg < 0.15 sr−1). Tests of the approach over the Tropical Atlantic, East China Sea, and ocean waters off South Africa further validate the approach's general applicability. The color index (CI) also shows significant correlation with MODIS band‐ratio Chl (<1 mg m−3) for each case examined. The simple design of the approach makes it straightforward to implement for other subtropical and tropical regions when a qualitative MODIS CI is desired to infer circulation patterns and to trace eddies under severe sun glint.
Entomological Reference Collection: 85 years of contributions to public health

ABSTRACT The Department of Hygiene of the Faculty of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), organized with the support of the Rockefeller Foundation, became the Institute of Hygiene, with the inaugural class taught by Samuel Darling in 1918. The history of Public Health Entomology is mixed with that of the Institute itself, which became the Faculty of Hygiene and Public Health in 1945. Still in the 1930s, Paulo César de Azevedo Antunes and John Lane organized Public Health Entomology within the Medical Parasitology area of the then Institute of Hygiene. During this period, the entomology laboratory came to be recognized for its research in the systematics of hematophagous insects, as well as in the ecology, biology and behavior of vectors. The Entomological Reference Collection (CER) originated naturally from the research of Paulo César Antunes and John Lane and is a national and international heritage covering primary and secondary types of insect species that are of interest to public health. Over the years, it has been consolidated with the efforts of Augusto Ayroza Galvão, Renato Corrêa, José Coutinho, Nelson Cerqueira, Ernesto Rabello, Oswaldo Forattini and others. In its over eighty years of activities, CER has enabled the training of several scientists able to act in programs of surveillance and control of endemic diseases associated with insect vectors throughout Latin America, in addition to training taxonomists focused on insects of interest in Public Health. Researchers from other Brazilian institutes and abroad joined the entomology laboratory because of its importance and the research developed in it. The growing scientific production made it possible for entomological studies developed at the Faculty of Public Health (FSP) to gain international visibility, contributing to the development of disease prevention and epidemic control actions in the country.
Baseline groundwater chemistry : the Magnesian Limestone of County Durham and North Yorkshire

This report describes the regional geochemistry of groundwater from the Magnesian Limestone aquifer of County Durham and North Yorkshire. The study aims to assess the likely natural baseline chemistry of the groundwater by identifying the dominant controlling processes. Data have been collected from strategic sampling of 36 groundwater sources, in conjunction with collation of existing groundwater, rainfall, mineralogical and geochemical data. The Magnesian Limestone aquifer comprises a series of marine limestones and dolomites, marls and evaporites which reflect cycles of transgression, regression and evaporation of a shallow tropical sea. The depositional basin was divided by an area of high ground. As a result of this, the geology and hence groundwater are chemically different in regions known as the Durham Province and the Yorkshire Province. The aquifer is regionally important for public and domestic supply, agriculture and industry. It provides significant baseflow to the River Skerne, and minor baseflow contributions to the Rivers Wear and Tees. The groundwaters have notable regional variation in chemistry. Groundwater in County Durham is mainly of Ca-Mg-HCO3 type with some mixing towards SO4, Na, and Cl compositions. In Yorkshire, groundwaters are most frequently of Ca-HCO3 type and show some mixing towards Ca-SO4 type. The differences in water type reflect differences in the strata in these two regions, most notably the presence of dissolving gypsum in Yorkshire. Groundwaters with high salinity (Na up to 4600 mg L–1, Cl up to 9000 mg L–1) have been found in the coastal areas, particularly around Hartlepool. These are associated with saline intrusion. Relatively saline waters are also present in the area around the Durham coalfield in the central part of the study area. These waters have high concentrations of Ca, Cl, Ba, Fe, and SO4, and likely result from minewater rebound following closure of the mines in the 1970s. Human impacts are mainly visible in the presence of indicator contaminants such as nitrate from agricultural or domestic sources or trace metals from urban or industrial sources. The widespread presence of nitrate and increasing concentrations indicates the extent to which the aquifer is influenced by modern farming practices. Concentrations of Cu, and Pb are relatively high around areas of industry and near major roads. Anomalous concentrations of a suite of trace metals (Fe, Co, Cr, Cu and Ni in particular) observed in groundwater from one site have been were attributed to contamination from the borehole metalwork. Most of the sampled groundwaters from Magnesian Limestone aquifer of the study area are of relatively good inorganic quality, although concentrations of some solutes approach or exceed current national drinking-water limits in some areas. The most frequent exceedances above drinking-water limits are for nitrate, Mn and Fe with occasional exceedances for SO4 and F.
Summer soil moisture loss at Utah SNOTEL sites and streamflow recession at nearby gauges: variability in runoff generation and the potential for flow forecasting

This analysis compares decreases in soil moisture (SM) at Utah snow telemetry (SNOTEL) sites during the summer months with discharge at nearby stream gauging locations using data from water years 2008–2012. The following characteristics were evaluated: (1) the influence of the SM loss at mid‐depths (20 cm) on hydrograph recession, (2) the influence of moisture loss from deeper portions of the soil (50 cm) on late‐season baseflow and (3) the timing of this transition. Thirty‐four pairings were used between SNOTEL sites and nearby stream gauges in select locations throughout Utah, for 3–5 years each depending on data quality, to generate 143 total comparisons of soil moisture loss and stream discharge. Regressions were fairly strong (r2 > 0.8) where the SNOTEL site was in a location with slow meltout rates, ample infiltration and minimal summer precipitation. In a few cases, the correlation was remarkably strong (r2 > 0.95), even for SNOTEL sites located far from respective stream gauges (e.g. >30‐km, >1000‐m elevation difference for the best pairing). At such sites, transition timing in 2013 (between predominantly 20‐ vs 50‐cm SM loss) was well predicted from 2012 data given the similarity in water years, with discharges at the transition point less than 30% different than observed values in 2013. An index of the robustness of each pairing was generated to determine where this type of analysis might be most successful; however, results suggest that identification of high‐quality pairings may need to be site by site. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Estimating seepage flux from ephemeral stream channels using surface water and groundwater level data

Seepage flux from ephemeral streams can be an important component of the water balance in arid and semiarid regions. An emerging technique for quantifying this flux involves the measurement and simulation of a flood wave as it moves along an initially dry channel. This study investigates the usefulness of including surface water and groundwater data to improve model calibration when using this technique. We trialed this approach using a controlled flow event along a 1387 m reach of artificial stream channel. Observations were then simulated using a numerical model that combines the diffusion‐wave approximation of the Saint‐Vénant equations for streamflow routing, with Philip's infiltration equation and the groundwater flow equation. Model estimates of seepage flux for the upstream segments of the study reach, where streambed hydraulic conductivities were approximately 101 m d−1, were on the order of 10−4 m3 d−1 m−2. In the downstream segments, streambed hydraulic conductivities were generally much lower but highly variable (∼10−3 to 10−7 m d−1). A Latin Hypercube Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis showed that the flood front timing, surface water stage, groundwater heads, and the predicted streamflow seepage were most influenced by specific yield. Furthermore, inclusion of groundwater data resulted in a higher estimate of total seepage estimates than if the flood front timing were used alone.
Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Several Nitrogen Sources AppliedTo A Strip-Tilled Corn Field

We evaluated the effects of nitrogen (N) source on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from a clay loam soil that was in strip-tilled (ST), irrigated continuous corn production in 2010 near Fort Collins, CO. Emissions were monitored from six different inorganic N fertilizer sources (urea, ESN 1 , SuperU, UAN, UAN+AgrotainPlus, UAN+Nfusion). Each N source was applied at a rate of 202 kg N/ha, surface band applied near the corn row and watered into the soil the day after application including a subsurface band application of ESN (ESNssb). A check treatment (no N applied since 2000) located in separate plots and a blank treatment (no N applied) located within the N source plots were included. All treatments except the check were located in plots ST in 2009 that had received 202 kg N/ha of ESN. Nitrous oxide fluxes were measured during the growing season using static, vented chambers for gas sample collection, one to three times per week, and analyzed with a gas chromatograph. With the exception of ESNssb, all N sources had significantly lower growing season N2O emissions than dry granular urea. Cumulative increases in daily N2O fluxes were more rapid for urea and UAN than the other N sources following N fertilizer application. The enhanced efficiency fertilizers (polymer-coated, stabilized, and slow release) sources showed potential for reducing N2O emissions during the 2010 growing season. Corn grain yields in 2010 were not significantly different among N sources, but greater than the blank or check treatments with no N applied. These results indicate that N source selection can be of value in reducing N2O emissions in irrigated cropping systems under strip-till in the Central Great Plains. INTRODUCTION Nitrous oxide is produced in soils through nitrification and denitrification processes (Follett, 2001) with agriculture contributing approximately 67% of the total U.S. N2O emissions (USEPA, 2010). Nitrous oxide has a global warming potential (GWP) approximately 298 times greater than that of CO2 (Solomon et al., 2007), thus it is important to develop methods that reduce N2O emissions in agricultural systems. Nitrogen fertilizer application generally increases N2O production from irrigated Central Great Plains cropping systems (Mosier et al., 2006, Halvorson et al., 2008). Published in Proceedings of 2011 Fluid Form, Fluid Fertilizer Foundation, February 20-22, 2011, Scottsdale, AZ. Trade names and company names are included for the benefit of the reader and do not imply any endorsement or preferential treatment of the product by the authors or the USDA, Agricultural Research Service.
Spatial patterns and correlation of soil properties of a lowland soil

Soil water content (q), bulk density (rb) and associated properties greatly influence important soil and plant processes. A field experiment was carried out in Mococa, Sao Paulo, Brazil, in a lowland area with the objectives firstly, to assess the spatial variability of selected soil propertiesq, rb, total porosity and microporosity using classical and geostatistical techniques and secondly, to find out how they are correlated. Results generally showed that at 0 to 20 cm depth, q at saturation and 5 cm were negatively skewed but positively skewed at the rest of the remaining depth of testing. On the other hand, kurtosis values were not consistent but were positive in both the top and subsoil. This implies that in both depths, tested parameters were highly variable and were not normally distributed. In top soil, only water at 1000 cm pressure and bulk density had negative skewness and kurtosis values. The values for nugget, sill, % nugget or randomness degree, and range for rbdecreased with depth also showing lower structured range which probably signifies that there was no depositional material on this site. To conclude, firstly, the spatial variability of most properties was moderate and the majority of soil properties were well described using spherical or exponential mathematical models. Secondly, the distances at which variables were correlated in the top and in the subsoil showed minor differences. Thirdly, semi-variance analyses in top and sub soils showed that differences exist in the patterns of spatial variability, with the sub soils showing strongest spatial dependence. Key words: Spatial variability, soil water content (q), bulk density (rb), microporosity, geostatistics.
Fast target localization method for aerial image

In this paper, we introduce an object recognition method that we have designed for target localization in aerial images. Our research has been oriented from the beginning toward low level feature based methods since our aim was to design a real time on-board detection system. Due to their repetitiveness some of these methods are very well suited for a parallel implementation. Not being an algorithm for general matching, our method takes advantage of the common properties of the aerial images we study, and those of the target objects to simplify the processing and thus the computational load. Special attention has also been given to the preprocessing interest point detection algorithms. In our paper, we define first the type of aerial images that we are working on. An emphasis is put on the properties of the scenes they represent and the polygonal objects that the matching algorithm has to recognize. We review then the different interest point detection algorithms that we have selected. Comparison of their respective accuracy and performances are given. Then, we present the matching algorithms which we have chosen for the basis of our final work. Special attention is given to the accuracy and speed of the algorithm.
Angiogenic Microvascular Wall Shear Stress Patterns Revealed Through Three-dimensional Red Blood Cell Resolved Modeling

Abstract The wall shear stress (WSS) exerted by blood flowing through microvascular capillaries is an established driver of new blood vessel growth, or angiogenesis. Such adaptations are central to many physiological processes in both health and disease, yet three-dimensional (3D) WSS characteristics in real angiogenic microvascular networks are largely unknown. This marks a major knowledge gap because angiogenesis, naturally, is a 3D process. To advance current understanding, we model 3D red blood cells (RBCs) flowing through rat angiogenic microvascular networks using state-of-the-art simulation. The high-resolution fluid dynamics reveal 3D WSS patterns occurring at sub-endothelial cell (EC) scales that derive from distinct angiogenic morphologies, including microvascular loops and vessel tortuosity. We identify the existence of WSS hot and cold spots caused by angiogenic surface shapes and RBCs, and notably enhancement of low WSS regions by RBCs. Spatiotemporal characteristics further reveal how fluctuations follow timescales of RBC “footprints. ” Altogether, this work provides a new conceptual framework for understanding how shear stress might regulate EC dynamics in vivo.