Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preventing Compulsory Admission to Psychiatric Inpatient Care: Perceived Coercion, Empowerment, and Self-Reported Mental Health Functioning after 12 Months of Preventive Monitoring

Objective To evaluate the effects of a preventive monitoring program targeted to reduce compulsory rehospitalization and perceived coercion in patients with severe mental disorder. We analyze patient outcomes in terms of perceived coercion, empowerment, and self-reported mental health functioning at 12 months. Methods The program consists of individualized psychoeducation, crisis cards and, after discharge from the psychiatric hospital, a 24-month preventive monitoring. In total, 238 psychiatric inpatients who had had compulsory admission(s) during the past 24 months were included in the trial. T1-assessment 12 months after baseline was achieved for 182 patients. Results Study participants reported lower levels of perceived coercion, negative pressures, and process exclusion, a higher level of optimism, and a lesser degree of distress due to symptoms, interpersonal relations, and social role functioning (significant time effects). However, improvements were not confined to the intervention group, but seen also in the treatment-as-usual group (no significant group or interaction effects). Altered perceptions were linked to older age, shorter illness duration, female sex, non-psychotic disorder, and compulsory hospitalization not due to risk of harm to others. Conclusion Our findings suggest that changes in the subjective perspective were fueled primarily by participation in this study rather than by having received the specific intervention. The study contributes to a better understanding of the interaction between “objective” measures (compulsory readmissions) and patients’ perceptions and highlights the need for treatment approaches promoting empowerment in individuals with a history of involuntary psychiatric hospitalizations.
Multicenter Evaluation of Fully Automated BACTEC Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube 960 System for Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

ABSTRACT The reliability of the BACTEC Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) 960 system for testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis susceptibility to the three front-line drugs (isoniazid [INH], rifampin [RIF], and ethambutol [EMB]) plus streptomycin (STR) was compared to that of the BACTEC 460 TB system. The proportion method was used to resolve discrepant results by an independent arbiter. One hundred and ten strains were tested with an overall agreement of 93.5%. Discrepant results were obtained for seven strains (6.4%) with INH (resistant by BACTEC MGIT 960; susceptible by BACTEC 460 TB), for one strain (0.9%) with RIF (resistant by BACTEC MGIT 960; susceptible by BACTEC 460 TB), for seven strains (6.4%) with EMB (six resistant by BACTEC MGIT 960 and susceptible by BACTEC 460 TB; one susceptible by BACTEC MGIT 960 and resistant by BACTEC 460 TB), and for 19 strains (17.3%) with STR (resistant by BACTEC MGIT 960 and susceptible by BACTEC 460 TB). After resolution of discrepant results, the sensitivity of the BACTEC MGIT 960 system was 100% for all four drugs and specificity ranged from 89.8% for STR to 100% for RIF. Turnaround times were 4.6 to 11.7 days (median, 6.5 days) for BACTEC MGIT 960 and 4.0 to 10.0 days (median, 7.0 days) for BACTEC 460 TB. These data demonstrate that the fully automated and nonradiometric BACTEC MGIT 960 system is an accurate method for rapid susceptibility testing of M. tuberculosis.
For Some Genes, Acetylation/Deacetylation Cycling Is the Real Turn-On

Background: The genetic basis of telomere length heterogeneity among mammalian species is still not well understood. Recently, a gene named regulator of telomere length elongation helicase (RTEL) was identified and predicted to be an essential participant in species-specific telomere length regulation in two murine species. To obtain broader insights into its structure and biological functions and to ascertain whether RTEL is also a candidate gene in the regulation of telomere length diversity in other mammalian species, data from other mammals may be helpful.
Does Britain or the United States Have the Right Gasoline Tax

This paper develops an analytical framework for assessing the second-best optimal level of gasoline taxation, taking into account unpriced pollution, congestion, and accident externalities and interactions with the broader fiscal system. We provide calculations of the optimal taxes for the United States and the United Kingdom under a wide variety of parameter scenarios, with the gasoline tax substituting for a distorting tax on labor income. Under our central parameter values, the second-best optimal gasoline tax is $1.01 per gallon for the United States and $1.34 per gallon for the United Kingdom. These values are moderately sensitive to alternative parameter assumptions. The congestion externality is the largest component in both nations, and the higher optimal tax for the United Kingdom is due mainly to a higher assumed value for marginal congestion cost. Revenue-raising needs, incorporated in a “Ramsey” component, also play a significant role, as do accident externalities and local air pollution. The current gasoline tax in the United Kingdom ($2.80 per gallon) is more than twice this estimated optimal level. Potential welfare gains from reducing it are estimated at nearly one-fourth the production cost of gasoline used in the United Kingdom. Even larger gains in the United Kingdom can be achieved by switching to a tax on vehicle miles with equal revenue yield. For the United States, the welfare gains from optimizing the gasoline tax are smaller, but those from switching to an optimal tax on vehicle miles are very large.
Characterization of the human patatin-like phospholipase familys⃞ Published, JLR Papers in Press, June 25, 2006.

Several publications have described biological roles for human patatin-like phospholipases (PNPLAs) in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation. Here, we report on the characterization and expression profiling of 10 human PNPLAs. A variety of bioinformatics approaches were used to identify and characterize all PNPLAs encoded by the human genome. The genes described represent a divergent family, most with a highly conserved ortholog in several mammalian species. In silico characterization predicts that two of the genes function as integral membrane proteins and are regulated by cAMP/cGMP. A structurally guided protein alignment of the patatin-like domain identifies a number of conserved residues in all family members. Quantitative PCR was used to determine the expression profile of each family member. Affymetrix-based profiling of a human preadipocyte cell line identified several members that are differentially regulated during cell differentiation. Cumulative data suggest that patatin-like genes normally expressed at very low levels are induced in response to environmental signals. Given the observed conservation of the patatin fold and lipase motif in all human PNPLAs, a single nomenclature to describe the PNPLA family is proposed.
Romancing the Difference: Kenneth Burke, Bob Jones University, and the Rhetoric of Religious Fundamentalism

This book examines the rhetoric of fundamentalism as seen through the lens of Bob Jones University. Highlighting the romantic language used by religious separatists, Lewis argues that fundamentalism is not the angry cry of an outsider, nor is it the mocking of secular culture. Instead, it is an attempt to embody and articulate things that are lovely in order to woo others to an entirely different kind of life.
University of Wales Swansea Report Series Visual Signatures in Video Visualization Visual Signatures in Video Visualization

— Video visualization is a computation process that extracts meaningful information from original video data sets and conveys the extracted information to users in appropriate visual representations. This paper presents a broad treatment of the subject, following a typical research pipeline involving concept formulation, system development, a path-finding user study and a field trial with real application data. In particular, we have conducted a fundamental study on the visualization of motion events in videos. We have, for the first time, deployed flow visualization techniques in video visualization. We have compared the effectiveness of several different abstract visual representations of videos. We have conducted a user study to examine whether users are able to learn to recognize visual signatures of motions, and to assist in the evaluation of different visualization techniques. We have applied our understanding and the developed techniques to a set of application video clips. Our study has demonstrated that video visualization is both technically feasible and cost-effective. It provided the first set of evidence confirming that ordinary users can accustom to the visual features depicted in video visualizations, and can learn to recognize visual signatures of a variety of motion events.
The Linguistic Analysis of Jokes

1. Introduction 2. Assumptions and Methodology 3. Linguistic preliminaries 4. Incongruity and its Resolution 5. Two Models of Incongruity-Resolution 6. The General Theory of Verbal Humour 7. Joke Similarity and Identity 8. Manipulating Interpretations 9. The Structure of Puns 10. Some Computational Studies 11. Pragmatic and Discourse Issues 12. Speculations on Joke Structure 13. Future Directions
Compressive sensing for reconstruction of 3D point clouds in smart systems

Performing an accurate 3D surface scan of everyday objects is sometimes difficult to achieve. Using the 3D scanner as a main sensor in a fast-moving mobile robot emphasizes this issue even further. When small robots with limited payload are considered, the professional Lidar systems are not likely to be embedded due to their weight, dimensions and/or high cost. Introduction of simple structured-light scanners makes possible fast scanning, effective robot detection and evasion of obstacles. Nevertheless, some obstacles may still be difficult to detect and recognize, primarily due to limitations of scanner's hardware which results in a low number of reconstructed surface points. In this paper a compressed sensing technique, primarily used for the reconstruction of 2D images, is utilized to enhance the quality of 3D scan, by increasing the number of reconstructed 3D points to the scanner's theoretical maximum. Obtained results demonstrated the feasibility of the approach in terms of mean square error.
Feature selection via simultaneous sparse approximation for person specific face verification

There is an increasing use of some imperceivable and redundant local features for face recognition. While only a relatively small fraction of them is relevant to the final recognition task, the feature selection is a crucial and necessary step to select the most discriminant ones to obtain a compact face representation. In this paper, we investigate the sparsity-enforced regularization-based feature selection methods and propose a multi-task feature selection method for building person specific models for face verification. We assume that the person specific models share a common subset of features and nov-elly reformulated the common subset selection problem as a simultaneous sparse approximation problem. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is verified with the challenging LFW face databases.
Profiles of Airborne Fungi in Buildings and Outdoor Environments in the United States

ABSTRACT We examined 12,026 fungal air samples (9,619 indoor samples and 2,407 outdoor samples) from 1,717 buildings located across the United States; these samples were collected during indoor air quality investigations performed from 1996 to 1998. For all buildings, both indoor and outdoor air samples were collected with an Andersen N6 sampler. The culturable airborne fungal concentrations in indoor air were lower than those in outdoor air. The fungal levels were highest in the fall and summer and lowest in the winter and spring. Geographically, the highest fungal levels were found in the Southwest, Far West, and Southeast. The most common culturable airborne fungi, both indoors and outdoors and in all seasons and regions, were Cladosporium, Penicillium, nonsporulating fungi, and Aspergillus. Stachybotrys chartarum was identified in the indoor air in 6% of the buildings studied and in the outdoor air of 1% of the buildings studied. This study provides industrial hygienists, allergists, and other public health practitioners with comparative information on common culturable airborne fungi in the United States. This is the largest study of airborne indoor and outdoor fungal species and concentrations conducted with a standardized protocol to date.
Current and Prospective Protein Biomarkers of Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is a malignant lung tumor with various histological variants that arise from different cell types, such as bronchial epithelium, bronchioles, alveoli, or bronchial mucous glands. The clinical course and treatment efficacy of lung cancer depends on the histological variant of the tumor. Therefore, accurate identification of the histological type of cancer and respective protein biomarkers is crucial for adequate therapy. Due to the great diversity in the molecular-biological features of lung cancer histological types, detection is impossible without knowledge of the nature and origin of malignant cells, which release certain protein biomarkers into the bloodstream. To date, different panels of biomarkers are used for screening. Unfortunately, a uniform serum biomarker composition capable of distinguishing lung cancer types is yet to be discovered. As such, histological analyses of tumor biopsies and immunohistochemistry are the most frequently used methods for establishing correct diagnoses. Here, we discuss the recent advances in conventional and prospective aptamer based strategies for biomarker discovery. Aptamers like artificial antibodies can serve as molecular recognition elements for isolation detection and search of novel tumor-associated markers. Here we will describe how these small synthetic single stranded oligonucleotides can be used for lung cancer biomarker discovery and utilized for accurate diagnosis and targeted therapy. Furthermore, we describe the most frequently used in-clinic and novel lung cancer biomarkers, which suggest to have the ability of differentiating between histological types of lung cancer and defining metastasis rate.
Self-Iterating Soft Equalizer

We design a self-iterating soft equalizer (SISE) consisting of several suboptimal equalizers that are weak individually but, when working together, show good performance. In order to process correlated soft information through serially concatenated modules, a sophisticated method to generate the extrinsic information is proposed that suppresses the correlation effect between the soft information of suboptimal equalizers. This algorithm performs well in turbo equalization system as well as the classic uncoded equalization system. The performance advantages are validated with bit-error-rate (BER) simulations and extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart analysis.
Notes on information-theoretic privacy

We investigate the tradeoff between privacy and utility in a situation where both privacy and utility are measured in terms of mutual information. For the binary case, we fully characterize this tradeoff in case of perfect privacy and also give an upper-bound for the case where some privacy leakage is allowed. We then introduce a new quantity which quantifies the amount of private information contained in the observable data and then connect it to the optimal tradeoff between privacy and utility.
Tubulin detyrosination promotes monolayer formation and apical trafficking in epithelial cells

Summary The role of post-translational tubulin modifications in the development and maintenance of a polarized epithelium is not well understood. We studied the balance between detyrosinated (detyr-) and tyrosinated (tyr-) tubulin in the formation of MDCK cell monolayers. Increased quantities of detyrosinated microtubules were detected during assembly into confluent cell sheets. These tubules were composed of alternating stretches of detyr- and tyr-tubulin. Constant induction of tubulin tyrosination, which decreased the levels of detyr-tubulin by overexpression of tubulin tyrosine ligase (TTL), disrupted monolayer establishment. Detyr-tubulin-depleted cells assembled into isolated islands and developed a prematurely polarized architecture. Thus, tubulin detyrosination is required for the morphological differentiation from non-polarized cells into an epithelial monolayer. Moreover, membrane trafficking, in particular to the apical domain, was slowed down in TTL-overexpressing cells. This effect could be reversed by TTL knockdown, which suggests that detyr-tubulin-enriched microtubules serve as cytoskeletal tracks to guide membrane cargo in polarized MDCK cells.
On the Existence of Hamiltonian Circuits in Faulty Hypercubes

The problem of finding Hamiltonian circuits in faulty hypercubes is explored. There are many different Hamiltonian circuits in a nonfaulty hypercube. The question of interest here is the following: if a certain number of links are removed from the hypercube, will a Hamiltonian circuit still exist? In partial answer to this question are the following results. First, it is shown that for any n-cube $( n\geqq 3 )$ with $\leqq 2n - 5$ link faults in which each node is incident to at least two nonfaulty links, there exists a Hamiltonian circuit consisting of only nonfaulty links. Since as will be shown, there exists an n-cube with $2n - 4$ faulty links, in which each node is incident to at least two nonfaulty links, for which there is no Hamiltonian circuit, this result is optimal. Second, it is shown that the problem of determining whether an n-cube with an arbitrary number of link faults has a Hamiltonian circuit is NP-complete.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects in Adults

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are the first 10 causes of unpleased diseases in young adult women in the world. The concept of STDs includes a series of syndromes caused by pathogens that can be acquired by sexual intercourse or sexual activity. Adolescents and young adults are responsible for only 25% of the sexually active population and they represent almost 50% of all newly acquired STDs. In this way, we evaluated the epidemiological and clinical aspects of most relevant pathogens as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum, Haemophilus Ducreyi, Trichomonas vaginalis, herpes simplex virus, human papilloma virus (HPV) with the exception of hepatitis, and HIV infections for which we suggest specific guidelines. To attain this objective, we analyzed the results of epidemiological and clinical aspects of STDs through a review of the literature using MEDLINE and PubMed database for original articles published using the terms “sexual transmitted disease, epidemiology, diagnosis and therapy” from 2005 to 2014.
Lung cancer in the elderly.

PURPOSE Elderly patients often have comorbidities and other characteristics that make the selection of treatment daunting. METHODS We have reviewed the available evidence in the literature to gauge the results of therapy for elderly lung cancer patients. RESULTS The beneficial results achieved with adjuvant chemotherapy in the general population with early non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cannot be automatically extrapolated to the elderly, who are at higher risk of toxicity. Retrospective analyses of combined chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced NSCLC patients suggest equivalent therapeutic benefit for younger and older patients, despite heightened toxicity. There have been no elderly-specific phase III trials for locally advanced NSCLC. For advanced NSCLC, on the basis of evidence-based data, single-agent chemotherapy remains the standard of care for nonselected elderly patients. However, retrospective analyses suggest that the efficacy of platinum-based combination chemotherapy is similar in fit older and younger patients, with increased but acceptable toxicity for elderly patients. In limited-disease small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), sequential chemoradiotherapy is clearly less toxic compared with a standard concurrent approach, but our assessment of treatment is hindered by the absence of prospective elderly-specific trials. Although prophylactic cranial irradiation has emerged as a standard strategy, it should be omitted in patients with cognitive impairment. In extensive SCLC, etoposide in combination with either cisplatin or carboplatin has emerged as standard treatment; hematopoietic support may be necessary. CONCLUSION With the exception of advanced NSCLC, prospective elderly-specific studies are lacking. Available data suggest that outcomes in the fit elderly mirror results observed in younger patients, although toxicity is generally worse.
Vasotocin receptor blockade disrupts maternal care of offspring in a viviparous snake, Sistrurus miliarius

ABSTRACT Parental care is a complex social behavior that is widespread among vertebrates. The neuroendocrine regulation of parent-offspring social behavior has been well-described in mammals, and to a lesser extent, in birds and fish. However, little is known regarding the underlying mechanisms that mediate the expression of care behaviors in squamate reptiles. In mammalian model species and humans, posterior pituitary hormones of the oxytocin and vasopressin families mediate parental care behaviors. To test the hypothesis that the regulatory role of posterior pituitary neuropeptides is conserved in a viviparous squamate reptile, we pharmacologically blocked the vasotocin receptor in post-parturient pigmy rattlesnakes, Sistrurus miliarius, and monitored the spatial relationship between mothers and offspring relative to controls. Mothers in the control group demonstrated spatial aggregation with offspring, with mothers having greater post-parturient energy stores aggregating more closely with their offspring. Blockade of vasotocin receptors eliminated evidence of spatial aggregation between mothers and offspring and eliminated the relationship between maternal energetic status and spatial aggregation. Our results are the first to implicate posterior pituitary neuropeptides in the regulation of maternal behavior in a squamate reptile and are consistent with the hypothesis that the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying social behaviors are broadly conserved among vertebrates. Summary: In a squamate reptile, post-birth maternal effort is related to maternal energetic status, and vasotocin receptors may play a role in mediating maternal care.
The Interplay between Perceived Self-Choice and Reported Informal, Formal and Legal Pressures in Treatment Entry

This article focuses on the interplay between reported informal, formal and legal pressure and self-choice in treatment entry. The representative sample of those entering treatment for alcohol or drugs problems in Stockholm County, Sweden includes 1865 clients (71% men). Most respondents reported that it was their own idea to come to treatment (81%). It was also common to report reasons for entering treatment indicating different forms of perceived pressures, especially informal pressures (75%), but also formal and legal pressures. Informal pressure from someone close was a particularly important reason for treatment entry. Informal pressure was found to be positively associated with the feeling of self-choice in treatment entry, whereas perceptions of formal pressure (and particularly legal pressure) mainly were negatively related to self-choice. Most of those reporting self-choice in treatment entry also reported informal, formal, or legal pressure as reasons for coming to treatment.