Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Kinetochore Is an Enhancer of Pericentric Cohesin Binding

The recruitment of cohesins to pericentric chromatin in some organisms appears to require heterochromatin associated with repetitive DNA. However, neocentromeres and budding yeast centromeres lack flanking repetitive DNA, indicating that cohesin recruitment occurs through an alternative pathway. Here, we demonstrate that all budding yeast chromosomes assemble cohesin domains that extend over 20–50 kb of unique pericentric sequences flanking the conserved 120-bp centromeric DNA. The assembly of these cohesin domains requires the presence of a functional kinetochore in every cell cycle. A similar enhancement of cohesin binding was also observed in regions flanking an ectopic centromere. At both endogenous and ectopic locations, the centromeric enhancer amplified the inherent levels of cohesin binding that are unique to each region. Thus, kinetochores are enhancers of cohesin association that act over tens of kilobases to assemble pericentric cohesin domains. These domains are larger than the pericentric regions stretched by microtubule attachments, and thus are likely to counter microtubule-dependent forces. Kinetochores mediate two essential segregation functions: chromosome movement through microtubule attachment and biorientation of sister chromatids through the recruitment of high levels of cohesin to pericentric regions. We suggest that the coordination of chromosome movement and biorientation makes the kinetochore an autonomous segregation unit.
QSAR Studies on Antiepileptic and Locomotor in vivo Activities of 4,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐Imidazoles

This paper describes the pharmacological evaluation pertaining to in vivo antiepileptic and locomotor activities, and subsequent QSAR studies on 4,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐imidazole analogues. These two activities on albino mice were determined based on electroshock method and by using actophotometer respectively. Compounds with 4‐fluorophenyl, 4‐dimethylaminophenyl, 4‐hydroxyphenyl and 4‐methoxyphenyl substitutions exhibit the highest activity. Compounds with phenyl and 2‐nitrophenyl substitutions exhibit the lowest activity in both the cases. Data are divided into training and test/validation sets, the former is used for developing the QSAR and the latter is used for determining the predictive capability of the developed models. The three‐parameter model for the antiepileptic activity fits the data well and has a good predictive capability (For training set: R 2 = 0.77, R 2adj = 0.72, q 2 = 0.64, R 2mod= 0.66, for test set: R 2 = 0.75). Total polar and solvent‐accessible surface areas of the molecule are the descriptors in the model. A three parameter model and a four‐parameter model for the locomotor activity fit the data well and have good predictive capability (For training set: R 2 = 0.8–0.89, R 2adj = 0.76–0.77, q 2 = 0.7–0.86, R 2mod= 0.64–0.85, for test set: R 2 = 0.79–0.9). Molecule shape, solvent‐accessible surface area, LUMO and polar surface area are the significant descriptors. The first principal component is ? 51% and 50% correlated to locomotor and antiepileptic activities respectively.
Phagocytosis and intracellular killing by polymorphonuclear cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and Felty's syndrome.

The present in vitro study concerned the phagocytosis and intracellular killing by polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) of 5 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 12 patients with Felty's syndrome (FS). PMN phagocytosis was assessed by microbiologic and morphologic methods, and intracellular killing was measured independently of continuous phagocytosis of viable bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). PMN from patients with RA or FS ingested S aureus opsonized with immunoglobulins and complement as effectively as did PMN from healthy donors. However, the capacity of patient PMN to ingest S aureus opsonized with sera lacking complement activity, e.g., heat-inactivated donor serum and the sera of 2 patients with FS, was lower than that of healthy donor PMN. This decreased ingestion is associated with diminished expression of Fc receptors on the membrane of PMN from patients who have RA or FS. As with sera lacking complement activity, decreased capacity to ingest S aureus was observed after preloading donor PMN with immune aggregates, which also decreased the expression of Fc receptors. PMN from patients with RA or FS were found to be as active in killing S aureus as cells from healthy donors.
Patient-reported outcomes of maxillary implant-supported overdentures compared with conventional dentures.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the present prospective clinical study was to compare patient-reported outcomes for maxillary conventional dentures and maxillary implant-supported dentures. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-one patients (6 women and 15 men) being edentulous in the maxilla and encountering problems with their existing dentures were included. Twelve patients (4 women and 8 men) received a new set of conventional dentures, due to insufficient dentures. In nine patients (2 women and 7 men), the existing dentures were adjusted by means of relining or rebasing. All patients received implant-supported dentures on two retentive anchors. In total, 42 implants were inserted in the anterior maxilla. The participants rated their satisfaction on their existing conventional dentures, 2 months after insertion of new conventional dentures and 2 months after insertion of implant-supported dentures. Thereby, patients responded to questionnaires capturing the oral health impact profile (OHIP) using visual analog scales. Seven domains (functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, physical, psychological and social disability and handicap) were assessed. Higher scores implied poorer patient satisfaction. In addition, the questionnaire involved the evaluation of cleaning ability, general satisfaction, speech, comfort, esthetics, stability, and chewing ability. Higher scores implied higher patient satisfaction. RESULTS Patient satisfaction significantly increased for implant-supported dentures compared with old dentures in all seven OHIP subgroups, as well as for cleaning ability, general satisfaction, ability to speak, comfort, esthetics, and stability (P < 0.05). The comparison of new conventional dentures and implant-supported dentures revealed a statistically significantly increased satisfaction for functional limitation (difference of 33.2 mm), psychological discomfort (difference of 36.7 mm), physical disability (difference of 36.3 mm), and social disability (difference of 23.5 mm), (P < 0.05). Additionally, general satisfaction, chewing ability, speech, and stability significantly improved in implant-supported dentures (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of this study, maxillary dentures retained by two implants provided some significant short-term improvements over conventional dentures in oral- and health-related quality of life.
6th Ieee International Conference on Robot & Human Interactive Communication Using Haptic Communications with the Leg to Maintain Exercise Intensity

The haptic sense provides continuous information during physical human-machine interaction. Humans can respond very quickly and effectively to such feedback, such as a driver making rapid steering adjustments when his vehicle hits a pothole. It may be possible for designers to take advantage of this interaction by providing users with well-designed haptic communications to assist in manual control tasks. In this paper, we describe an experiment conducted to test this idea. Subjects were instructed to step on a modified stair climber at a consistent workout pace while simultaneously completing a mental distraction task. They were provided with one of five different haptic communications to assist in maintaining their workout intensity level. Results show that haptic communications helped subjects step as much as 1.7% faster with as much as 3.95% more power output than without the haptic communications, although none of the communications beneficially affected velocity or power standard deviations. Four of the five communications had no significant impact on mental task performance. I. INTRODUCTION Haptic interaction is a very natural method for communicating sensing and control information between a machine and its user. For example, an automobile driver can very quickly recognize that his vehicle is sliding on ice because the dynamics of the steering wheel and pedals change. However, designers have historically relied on visual and auditory channels for communicating information to a user. Machines from airplanes to exercise equipment all have an array of lights and sounds to notify the user of the system state and send warning messages. However, in the manual control of machines, the haptic channel may prove to be more effective at changing using behavior because of this natural interaction, and it may reduce the mental demand of the user as well since it spreads sensory information over more channels. In order to design these systems, we must better understand the characteristics that make haptic communications effective and unobtrusive.
Water circulation and global mantle dynamics: Insight from numerical modeling

We investigate water circulation and its dynamical effects on global‐scale mantle dynamics in numerical thermochemical mantle convection simulations. Both dehydration‐hydration processes and dehydration melting are included. We also assume the rheological properties of hydrous minerals and density reduction caused by hydrous minerals. Heat transfer due to mantle convection seems to be enhanced more effectively than water cycling in the mantle convection system when reasonable water dependence of viscosity is assumed, due to effective slab dehydration at shallow depths. Water still affects significantly the global dynamics by weakening the near‐surface oceanic crust and lithosphere, enhancing the activity of surface plate motion compared to dry mantle case. As a result, including hydrous minerals, the more viscous mantle is expected with several orders of magnitude compared to the dry mantle. The average water content in the whole mantle is regulated by the dehydration‐hydration process. The large‐scale thermochemical anomalies, as is observed in the deep mantle, is found when a large density contrast between basaltic material and ambient mantle is assumed (4–5%), comparable to mineral physics measurements. Through this study, the effects of hydrous minerals in mantle dynamics are very important for interpreting the observational constraints on mantle convection.
Fractional Coverings, Greedy Coverings, and Rectifier Networks

A rectifier network is a directed acyclic graph with distinguished sources and sinks; it is said to compute a Boolean matrix $M$ that has a $1$ in the entry $(i,j)$ iff there is a path from the $j$th source to the $i$th sink. The smallest number of edges in a rectifier network computing $M$ is a classic complexity measure on matrices, which has been studied for more than half a century. We explore two well-known techniques that have hitherto found little to no applications in this theory. Both of them build on a basic fact that depth-$2$ rectifier networks are essentially weighted coverings of Boolean matrices with rectangles. We obtain new results by using fractional and greedy coverings (defined in the standard way). First, we show that all fractional coverings of the so-called full triangular matrix have cost at least $n\log n$. This provides (a fortiori) a new proof of the tight lower bound on its depth-$2$ complexity (the exact value has been known since 1965, but previous proofs are based on different arguments). Second, we show that the greedy heuristic is instrumental in tightening the upper bound on the depth-$2$ complexity of the Kneser-Sierpinski (disjointness) matrix. The previous upper bound is $O(n^{1.28})$, and we improve it to $O(n^{1.17})$, while the best known lower bound is $\Omega(n^{1.16})$. Third, using fractional coverings, we obtain a form of direct product theorem that gives a lower bound on unbounded-depth complexity of Kronecker (tensor) products of matrices. In this case, the greedy heuristic shows (by an argument due to Lovasz) that our result is only a logarithmic factor away from the "full" direct product theorem. Our second and third results constitute progress on open problem 7.3 and resolve, up to a logarithmic factor, open problem 7.5 from a recent book by Jukna and Sergeev (in Foundations and Trends in Theoretical Computer Science (2013)).
Seismotectonics of the Tajik Basin and Surrounding Mountain Ranges

Seismologic and geologic fault‐slip data characterize the active deformation of the intramontane Tajik basin and its margins, the Tian Shan, Pamir, and Hindu Kush at the northwestern tip of the India‐Asia collision zone. Within this complexly deforming region, the Tajik basin lithosphere forms the backstop for the north‐dipping Indian‐slab subduction beneath the Hindu Kush but itself delaminates and retreats west and northward beneath the Pamir. Herein, we link crustal deformation to these lithosphere‐scale processes, using data from recently deployed seismic networks and geologic observations. Transpressive strike‐slip deformation dominates the bounding fault zones along the basin's northern and eastern margins. Seismicity is most intense in the Garm region/Peter I. range of the northeastern basin, where these bounding faults converge and gain a dominant thrust component. Within the basin, seismically and geologically derived P axes align with the ~W‐trending GPS velocity vectors. Seismicity is concentrated in and at the base of a southward deepening, ∼9–15‐km‐thick wedge. Seismic deformation at the basin's southern margin occurs beneath the Afghan platform, where deep crustal earthquakes likely trace the western end of the Hindu Kush subduction zone. Roughly NNE‐striking sinistral strike‐slip events outline the Hindu Kush‐Pamir transfer system, a zone of distributed shear in the crust overlying the transition of the two oppositely dipping slabs at subcrustal depths. Our observations suggest that crustal deformation in the Pamir and Hindu Kush links with lithosphere‐scale processes, whereas deformation in the basin is controlled by the westward gravitational collapse of the Pamir and the resultant basin inversion.
Preferred mental models in qualitative spatial reasoning: A cognitive assessment of Allen's calculus

An experiment based on Allen's calculus and its transfer to qualitative spatial reasoning, was conducted. Subjects had to find a conclusion X r 3 Z that was consistent with the given premises X r 1 Y and Y r 2 Z. Implications of the obtained results are discussed with respect to the mental model theory of spatial inference. The results support the assumption that there are preferred models when people solve spatial three-term series problems. Although the subjects performed the task surprisingly well overall, there were significant differences in error rates between some of the tasks. They are discussed with respect to the subprocesses of model construction, model inspection, validation of the answer, and the interaction of these subprocesses.
Change detection in categorical evolving data streams

Detecting change in evolving data streams is a central issue for accurate adaptive learning. In real world applications, data streams have categorical features, and changes induced in the data distribution of these categorical features have not been considered extensively so far. Previous work on change detection focused on detecting changes in the accuracy of the learners, but without considering changes in the data distribution. To cope with these issues, we propose a new unsupervised change detection method, called CDCStream (Change Detection in Categorical Data Streams), well suited for categorical data streams. The proposed method is able to detect changes in a batch incremental scenario. It is based on the two following characteristics: (i) a summarization strategy is proposed to compress the actual batch by extracting a descriptive summary and (ii) a new segmentation algorithm is proposed to highlight changes and issue warnings for a data stream. To evaluate our proposal we employ it in a learning task over real world data and we compare its results with state of the art methods. We also report qualitative evaluation in order to show the behavior of CDCStream.
Shear Stress Induces Endothelial Differentiation From a Murine Embryonic Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell Line

Objective—Recent studies have illustrated that mesenchymal stem cells possess the potential to differentiate along an endothelial lineage, but the effect of shear on mesenchymal differentiation is unknown. Thus, we developed an in vitro shear stress system to examine the relationship between shear stress and the endothelial differentiation of a murine embryonic mesenchymal progenitor cell line, C3H/10T1/2. Methods and Results—The parallel plate system of fluid shear stress was used. Shear stress significantly induced expression of mature endothelial cell–specific markers in CH3H/10T1/2 cells such as CD31, von Willebrand factor, and vascular endothelial–cadherin at both the mRNA and protein levels with real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence analyses, respectively. In addition, shear-induced augmentation of functional markers of the mature endothelial phenotype such as uptake of acetylated low-density lipoproteins and formation of capillary-like structures on Matrigel. Furthermore, shear stress significantly upregulated angiogenic growth factors while downregulating growth factors associated with smooth muscle cell differentiation. Conclusions—This study demonstrates, for the fist time, endothelial differentiation in a mesenchymal progenitor CH3H/10T1/2 cell line resulting from shear exposure. Thus, this analysis may serve as a basis for further understanding the effect of shear on mesenchymal and vascular cell differentiation.
Chemical reactivity indexes in density functional theory

The theoretical description of charge distribution, and related properties, such as chemical reactivity descriptors of chemical compounds, has greatly benefited from the development of density functional theory (DFT) methods. Indeed, most concepts stemmed from DFT but, up to now, they have been used mostly within semiempirical MO methods, Hartree–Fock, or post‐Hartree–Fock methods. During the last decade, however, DFT has enabled theoretical chemistry to predict accurately structures and energetics of clusters and molecules. Therefore, more attention should also now be paid to these reactivity descriptors determined directly from DFT calculations. In this work, chemical reactivity is explored in DFT through a functional Taylor expansion of energy that introduces various energy derivatives of chemical significance. This review summarizes their main features and examines the limitations of some indexes presently used for the characterization of reactivity. Also, several perspectives are given. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 20: 129–154, 1999
Management of the Design and Construction of Offshore Oil and Gas Facilities with Bim Base

The aim of the work is to improve the coordination of engineering processes in the creation of offshore oil and gas facilities and methods of managing the business processes of the operator’s company. The concept of using the BIM (Building Information Modeling) system for the projects of offshore oil and gas facilities (OF) is presented. The main problematic aspects of implementing a large-scale project: the layout of technological equipment in a limited space; maintenance of accuracy of calculations; insufficiently effective application of PLM (Project Lifecycle Management) principles and data management in design and construction. The main routes are proposed, in accordance with which the modeling and management of engineering data is carried out. The structure of the information model and the algorithms proposed for its construction within the framework of the Russian design and construction system are developed. A tool is proposed that allows the company to the operator and subcontractors involved in the construction project to optimize their work and improve the quality of operating activities. The loss of time for communication and information retrieval for decision making is minimized, the burden on the project team members is reduced, the efficiency of the design and construction organization is significantly increased.
Modeling Rhythm Similarity for Electronic Dance Music

A model for rhythm similarity in electronic dance music (EDM) is presented in this paper. Rhythm in EDM is built on the concept of a ‘loop’, a repeating sequence typically associated with a four-measure percussive pattern. The presented model calculates rhythm similarity between segments of EDM in the following steps. 1) Each segment is split in different perceptual rhythmic streams. 2) Each stream is characterized by a number of attributes, most notably: attack phase of onsets, periodicity of rhythmic elements, and metrical distribution. 3) These attributes are combined into one feature vector for every segment, after which the similarity between segments can be calculated. The stages of stream splitting, onset detection and downbeat detection have been evaluated individually, and a listening experiment was conducted to evaluate the overall performance of the model with perceptual ratings of rhythm similarity.
Design of High-Isolation Wideband Dual-Polarized Compact MIMO Antennas With Multiobjective Optimization

Multiobjective optimization design of compact multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antennas with canonical structures (viz., transformation or combination by regular shapes) for wideband radiation and fragment structures (viz., combination by discrete fragment patches) for high isolation is proposed and demonstrated. In the design, multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition combined with differential evolution (MOEA/D-DE) for optimization of canonical structures and MOEA/D combined with genetic operator (MOEA/D-GO) for optimization of fragment structures are combined and iterated. The design is demonstrated with compact bow-tie MIMO antennas sharing a small common ground plane. The four orthogonally deployed bow-tie antennas are optimized by using MOEA/D-DE to acquire dual polarization and wideband radiation. Fragment-type structures on the common ground plane are optimized by using MOEA/D-GO to acquire very high isolation. Both simulation and measurement show that the optimized MIMO bow-tie antennas provide isolation higher than 30 dB in a relative bandwidth of 40% (from 2.6 to 3.9 GHz). With the proposed design technique, dual-band high-isolation MIMO antennas may also be designed.