Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nobody Knows

Creative industries are beset by a problem: nobody knows how work will be received. The chapter examines how creative producers manage the pervasive uncertainty of creative work. In classical theories of enterprise, uncertainty is the source of opportunity and therefore profits, with the entrepreneur the market agent willing to organize that uncertainty in pursuit of return. We show that risk and uncertainty in the creative economy are managed through the same processes of symbolic production as give rise to creative goods and creative agency, mediated by the IP/IPR nexus; as creative products solidify into market goods so the uncertainties are transformed—at least in part—into risks, and the management of uncertainty through the social relations of the field develops into the legalistic protection of IP rights and contracts.
Global Optimized Multiscale Tobacco Leaves Inspection through Graph Cut

We present a novel multiscale methodology for automatic machine vision application aiming at detecting the size ratio of tobacco leave, and the inspection data will be feedback to adjust running parameters of packaging systems. Firstly, the image is represented by a multiscale Markov Random Field(MRF) model, namely, hidden Markov tree(HMT), which models inter and intra scale dependices of wavelet coefficients. Secondly, according to convex optimization theorem, the energy on hidden Markov tree model is reformulated as a convex version in terms of pseudo marginals. Finally we give the tobacco target segmentation results of the inspection system, which appears to be of better segmentation quality compared to that of the conventional nonconvex energy function.
Enfrentando la Vulnerabilidad Externa de Chile: un Problema Financiero

Con los desequilibrios macroeconomicos tradicionales hace tiempo bajo control, el ciclo economico chileno es determinado principalmente por shocks externos. Mas importante aun, la vulnerabilidad externa de Chile es basicamente un problema financiero. Es asi como un deterioro en los terminos de intercambio se asocia con una caida del PIB mucho mayor a la que se esperaria en presencia de mercados financieros perfectos. Esta excesiva sensibilidad financiera se puede abordar en dos dimensiones: primero, se produce una fuerte contraccion del acceso a los mercados financieros internacionales cuando mas se los necesita, y segundo, durante una crisis externa se origina una ineficiente asignacion de estos recursos escasos en el endeudamiento interno. En este trabajo, sostengo que la volatilidad agregada en Chile puede reducirse significativamente si se impulsa el desarrollo de instrumentos financieros que sean apropiados para enfrentar a los principales shocks externos que afectan a Chile. Como primer paso, es recomendable que el Banco Central o alguna institucion financiera emita un instrumento de referencia contingente para enfrentar estos shocks. Tambien propongo la aplicacion de una politica monetaria contraciclica, que cumpla con ser un incentivo ? esto es, como sustituto de los impuestos a la entrada de capitales o medidas alternativas equivalentes? en lugar de servir a un objetivo de liquidez ex-post.
Using Genetic Algorithm to Supporting Artificial Neural Network for Intrusion Detection System

Due to the recent trend of technologies to use the network based systems, detecting them from threats become a crucial issue. This paper investigates applying the following methods to detect the attacks in network: Genetic Algorithms (GA) with Artificial Neural Networks classifier, Modified Mutual Information Feature selection (MMlFS), Linear Correlation Feature Selection (LCFS), and Forward Feature Selection (FFS). Here, the capability of feature selection of LCFS, FFSA, MMIFS, and GA-ANN has been explored. We use KDD CPU dataset to obtain the results; which shows around 99% accuracy of applied methods in detecting threads. The requirement of GA with ANN is 18 features and there is respectively a requirement of 24, 21, and 31 features for MMIFS, LCFS and FFSA for efficiently detecting the attacks.
Muscular Dystrophies at Different Ages: Metabolic and Endocrine Alterations

Common metabolic and endocrine alterations exist across a wide range of muscular dystrophies. Skeletal muscle plays an important role in glucose metabolism and is a major participant in different signaling pathways. Therefore, its damage may lead to different metabolic disruptions. Two of the most important metabolic alterations in muscular dystrophies may be insulin resistance and obesity. However, only insulin resistance has been demonstrated in myotonic dystrophy. In addition, endocrine disturbances such as hypogonadism, low levels of testosterone, and growth hormone have been reported. This eventually will result in consequences such as growth failure and delayed puberty in the case of childhood dystrophies. Other consequences may be reduced male fertility, reduced spermatogenesis, and oligospermia, both in childhood as well as in adult muscular dystrophies. These facts all suggest that there is a need for better comprehension of metabolic and endocrine implications for muscular dystrophies with the purpose of developing improved clinical treatments and/or improvements in the quality of life of patients with dystrophy. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to describe the current knowledge about of metabolic and endocrine alterations in diverse types of dystrophinopathies, which will be divided into two groups: childhood and adult dystrophies which have different age of onset.
Enhanced normal short-term human myelopoiesis in mice engineered to express human-specific myeloid growth factors.

UNLABELLED Better methods to characterize normal human hematopoietic cells with short-term repopulating activity cells (STRCs) are needed to facilitate improving recovery rates in transplanted patients.We now show that 5-fold more human myeloid cells are produced in sublethally irradiated NOD/SCID-IL-2Receptor-γchain-null (NSG) mice engineered to constitutively produce human interleukin-3, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and Steel factor (NSG-3GS mice) than in regular NSG mice 3 weeks after an intravenous injection of CD34 human cord blood cells. Importantly, the NSG-3GS mice also show a concomitant and matched increase in circulating mature human neutrophils. Imaging NSG-3GS recipients of lenti-luciferase-transduced cells showed that human cells being produced 3 weeks posttransplant were heterogeneously distributed, validating the blood as a more representative measure of transplanted STRC activity. Limiting dilution transplants further demonstrated that the early increase in human granulopoiesis in NSG-3GS mice reflects an expanded output of differentiated cells per STRC rather than an increase in STRC detection. KEY POINTS NSG-3GS mice support enhanced clonal outputs from human short-term repopulating cells (STRCs) without affecting their engrafting efficiency. Increased human STRC clone sizes enable their more precise and efficient measurement by peripheral blood monitoring.
Power Cable Joint Model: Based on Lumped Components and Cascaded Transmission Line Approach

Models in high frequency range for underground power cable connections are essential for the interpretation of partial discharge (PD) signals arising e.g. diagnostic techniques. This paper focuses on modeling of power cable joints. A lumped parameter odel and a cascaded transmission line model are proposed based on scattering parameters (S -parameters) measurement on a 10 kV oil-filled PILC-PILC straight cable joint in the frequency range of 300 kHz-800 MHz. It is shown that the lumped model is suitable for up to 10 MHz while the transmission line model can cover the whole frequency range. The cascaded transmission line model is applied to simulate the reflection on a 150 kV single core XLPE straight joint. Comparison between measurement and simulation indicates that the model parameters (characteristic impedance and propagation coefficient) can be matched to predict the joint's propagation characteristics.
Life Span: A Conceptual Overview

birth and death for the individual and the average length of life or life expectancy at birth for cohorts (including both real and synthetic cohorts). When life span is applied to a population or a species, however, it requires a modifier to avoid ambiguity (Goldwasser 2001). Maximum observed life span is the highest verified age at death, possibly limited to a particular population, cohort, or species in a specified time period. The overall highest verified age for a species is called its record life span. The theoretical highest attainable age is known as maximum potential life span. Maximum observed life spans (i.e., longevity records) are not synonymous with theoretical maximums for at least two reasons. First, maximum longevity is an inappropriate general concept because an animal dies before the age of infinity. It does so not because it cannot pass some boundary age but because the probability of its avoiding the ever-present risk of death for that long is infinitesimally small (Gavrilov and Gavrilova 1991). In other words, there is no specific identifiable age for each species to which some select individuals can survive but beyond which none can live. Second, the record age of a species is heavily influenced by the number of individuals observed. That is, the longevity records for a species in which the life spans of large numbers of individuals have been observed will be significantly greater than the corresponding figure for a species with the same longevity but represented by a few dozen individuals. For the vast majority of longevity records by species, the number of individuals at risk is unknown.
Web-based video editing system for sharing clips collected from multi-users

Movies edited by amateurs are likely to be a sequence of monotonous scenes, where people record video from a single direction, and use video from a single camcorder when editing video. We developed VideoBlocks, a Web-based video editing system. In our system, video clips are collected from multi-users' camcorders via the Internet and shared among the users. The system allows users to easily use other users' video clips, each of which is spontaneously videotaped using different digital video camcorders. VideoBlocks provides the capability to extract the date and time information of the video-recording from the digital video cameras, and automatically synchronize them. Through evaluations of the system, we determined the effectiveness of the system.
A Sensitized PiggyBac-Based Screen for Regulators of Border Cell Migration in Drosophila

Migration of border cells during Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis is a good model system for investigating the genetic requirements for cell migration in vivo. We present a sensitized loss-of-function screen used to identify new genes required in border cells for their migration. Chromosomes bearing FRTs on all four major autosomal arms were mutagenized by insertions of the transposable element PiggyBac, allowing multiple parallel clonal screens and easy identification of the mutated gene. For border cells, we analyzed homozygous mutant clones positively marked with lacZ and sensitized by expression of dominant-negative PVR, the guidance receptor. We identified new alleles of genes already known to be required for border cell migration, including aop/yan, DIAP1, and taiman as well as a conserved Slbo-regulated enhancer downstream of shg/DE–cadherin. Mutations in genes not previously described to be required in border cells were also uncovered: hrp48, vir, rme-8, kismet, and puckered. puckered was unique in that the migration defects were observed only when PVR signaling was reduced. We present evidence that an excess of JNK signaling is deleterious for migration in the absence of PVR activity at least in part through Fos transcriptional activity and possibly through antagonistic effects on DIAP1.
Termination and secondary projections of carotid sinus nerve in the cat brain stem.

MIURA, MITSUHIKO, AND DONALD J, REXS. Tmmktzb~ and secondary projections of carotid sinus nerve in the cat brain stem. Am. J. Physiol. 217(I): 142-153. 1969. -Field responses and unit activity evoked by electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve (CSN) were recorded with microelectrodes in the medulla and pons of anesthetized, paralyzed cats. A short-latency (0.7-I .4 msec), monosynaptic, “early” response, triggered by myelinated CSN fibers, was found in the intermediate portion of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and in the paramedial reticular formation of the medulla, especially in n, paramedian reticularis; a paucisynaptic “intermediate” response (1.7 msec mean latency) was localized within the intermediate portion of the NTS; and polysynaptic “late” responses (peak > 5 msec) were found in specific subnuclei of the medullary and pontine reticular formation. We conclude that myelinated CSN fibers terminate in both the intermediate portion of the NTS and on large neurons of the paramedial reticular formation of the medulla, that integration of CSN activity occurs in the intermediate portion of the NTS, and that specific reticular nuclei receive multisynaptic CSN projections.
The Origin of X-Ray Emission from a Galactic Center Molecular Cloud: Low-Energy Cosmic-Ray Electrons

The Galactic center region near l ≈ 0. °2 hosts a mixture of nonthermal linear filaments and thermal radio continuum features associated with the radio arc. Chandra observations of this region reveal an X-ray filament and diffuse emission with an extent of roughly 60′′ × 2′′ and 5′ × 3′, respectively. The X-ray filament lies at the edge of the nonthermal radio filaments and the dense molecular shell G0.13-0.13 that has an unusually high kinetic temperature ≥70 K. These observations demonstrate that the G0.13-0.13 molecular cloud and the nonthermal radio filaments of the arc are interacting. The diffuse X-ray emission is correlated with the molecular shell and is fitted either by two-temperature (1 and 10 keV) thermal emission or by power-law and 1 keV thermal gas. Fluorescent 6.4 keV line emission is also detected throughout the molecular shell. This cloud coincides within the error circle of a steady unidentified EGRET source, 3EG J1746-2851. We argue that low-energy cosmic-ray electrons produce the power-law continuum by bremsstrahlung and 6.4 keV line emission from the filament and the diffuse cloud with the implication on the origin of the Galactic ridge X-ray emission. The strong 6.4 keV Fe line emission seen from other Galactic center clouds could be produced in a similar fashion rather than via fluorescent emission induced by a transient hard X-ray source in the Galactic center. In addition, heating by ionization induced by low-energy cosmic-ray electrons are also responsible for the high temperature of G0.13-0.13. The gamma-ray source is a result of bremsstrahlung by the high-energy tail of the electron energy distribution.
The 78,000 M(r) intermediate chain of Chlamydomonas outer arm dynein isa WD-repeat protein required for arm assembly

We have isolated and sequenced a full-length cDNA clone encoding the 78,000 Mr intermediate chain (IC78) of the Chlamydomonas outer arm dynein. This protein previously was shown to be located at the base of the solubilized dynein particle and to interact with alpha tubulin in situ, suggesting that it may be involved in binding the outer arm to the doublet microtubule. The sequence predicts a polypeptide of 683 amino acids having a mass of 76.5 kD. Sequence comparison indicates that IC78 is homologous to the 69,000 M(r) intermediate chain (IC69) of Chlamydomonas outer arm dynein and to the 74,000 M(r) intermediate chain (IC74) of cytoplasmic dynein. The similarity between the chains is greatest in their COOH-terminal halves; the NH(2)-terminal halves are highly divergent. The COOH-terminal half of IC78 contains six short imperfect repeats, termed WD repeats, that are thought to be involved in protein-protein interactions. Although not previously reported, these repeated elements also are present in IC69 and IC74. Using the IC78 cDNA as a probe, we screened a group of slow-swimming insertional mutants and identified one which has a large insertion in the IC78 gene and seven in which the IC78 gene is completely deleted. Electron microscopy of three of these IC78 mutants revealed that each is missing the outer arm, indicating that IC78 is essential for arm assembly or attachment to the outer doublet. Restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping places the IC78 gene on the left arm of chromosome XII/XIII, at or near the mutation oda9, which also causes loss of the outer arm. Mutants with defects in the IC78 gene do not complement the oda9 mutation in stable diploids, strongly suggesting that ODA9 is the structural gene for IC78.
Increase the performance and enhancing Secure Authenticated Multipath Encrypted Protocol in MANET

Multipath routing in adhoc networks increases the resiliency against security attacks of collaborating malicious nodes, by maximizing the number of nodes that an adversary must compromise in order to take control of the communication. The multipath routing along with SDMP and WEP to allow the receiver to reconstitute the original message in the correct order. So fault tolerance problem can also use diversity coding technique which is based on information redundancy. Even if an attacker succeeds to obtain one part or more of the transmitted message. The probability of reconstructing the message is high. We propose a new protocol called SAMEP (Secure Authenticated Multipath Encrypted Protocol) is used to transmit the authenticated and encrypted messages, which provides highly secure multipath routing mechanism in adhoc network. The results are analyzed and depicted graphically.
From engineer to taxi driver: Occupational skills and the economic outcomes of immigrants

We examine the ability of male immigrants to transfer their occupational human capital using information from the O*NET and a unique dataset that includes both the last source country occupation and the first four years of occupations in Canada. We first augment a model of occupational choice and skill accumulation to derive predictions about the cross-border transferability of occupational human capital. We then test the empirical implications using the skill requirements of pre- and post-immigration occupations. We find that male immigrants to Canada were employed in source country occupations that required high levels of cognitive skills, but relied less intently on manual skills. Following immigration, they find initial employment in occupations that require the opposite. Regression analysis uncovers large returns to the quantitative skill requirements of Canadian occupations, but no returns to source country skill requirements. Finally, our empirical findings suggests that occupational skill gaps are detrimental to immigrants` earnings.
High-resolution video, more is more?

In this paper, we describe an approach and the translation of the outcomes of our market overview on the technical development that we implemented for the FascinatE project. The approach combines market insights and competitive intelligence with technical insights to define the position of the FascinatE project in todays and future markets. The outcomes consist of an extensive market description, gaps, trends such as shift of technology and roles of market players. The information is presented by using a heat map, technology radar and a value chain overview. This information is used to adjust the direction of the technology development in the FascinatE project.
Design considerations in cross layer framework for cognitive UWB

Ultra-wideband (UWB) and cognitive radio (CR) are two exciting technologies that offer new approaches to exploit the existing wireless spectrum opportunistically to overcome the limited available spectrum and the inefficiency in the spectrum usage. In Cognitive Ultra Wideband (C-UWB) system which utilizes low power transmission, the key challenge in enabling multimedia transmission lies on the dynamic allocation of network resources among users experiencing time-varying channel conditions and traffic characteristics while satisfying certain quality of service (QOS) requirements. This paper presents several key design considerations at the physical, MAC and application layer that need to be considered in cross layer design framework for C-UWB. At the physical layer, analysis on Multi-band Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MB-OFDM) under several UWB channel conditions is presented. Multidimensional turbo product coding (MDTPC) is proposed to support video application due to its ability to support high data rate as well as BER improvement. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) condition and sensing time are taken into account as bridging parameters between the physical layer and the media access control (MAC) to optimize wireless resource allocation. Some preliminary result on the impact of resource allocation at the MAC to the video quality is also analyzed. Index Terms—Cognitive UWB, signal to noise ratio, MB- OFDM, spectrum sensing, MAC scheduling
Integrins are Mechanosensors That Modulate Human Eosinophil Activation

Eosinophil migration to the lung is primarily regulated by the eosinophil-selective family of eotaxin chemokines, which mobilize intracellular calcium (Ca2+) and orchestrate myriad changes in cell structure and function. Eosinophil function is also known to be flow-dependent, although the molecular cognate of this mechanical response has yet to be adequately characterized. Using confocal fluorescence microscopy, we determined the effects of fluid shear stress on intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in human peripheral blood eosinophils by perfusing cells in a parallel-plate flow chamber. Our results indicate that fluid perfusion evokes a calcium response that leads to cell flattening, increase in cell area, shape change, and non-directional migration. None of these changes are seen in the absence of a flow stimulus, and all are blocked by chelation of intracellular Ca2+ using BAPTA. These changes are enhanced by stimulating the cells with eotaxin-1. The perfusion-induced calcium response (PICR) could be blocked by pre-treating cells with selective (CDP-323) and non-selective (RGD tripeptides) integrin receptor antagonists, suggesting that α4β7/α4β1 integrins mediate this response. Overall, our study provides the first pharmacological description of a molecular mechanosensor that may collaborate with the eotaxin-1 signaling program in order to control human eosinophil activation.
A Dimensional Analysis Approach to Transport Capacity of Wireless Network

Finding the transport capacity of an arbitrary wireless network is generally considered as a difficult mathematics issue. In this work, from a unconventional perspective, we formulate it as a physical issue with lower complexity. Assuming that n identical nodes are located in a region of area A, transmit rate W, the transport capacity (in bit-meters per second) of the network has a "scaling law". We introduce a dimensional analysis method and pi-theorem usually can be seen in mechanics research, and give a semi-analytic solution of the generalized scaling law of the static network. In addition, for a network with node velocity V and packet length L, we give a semi-analytic dynamic transport capacity.