Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two procedures to improve instructional text: Effects on memory and learning.

The goal of this study was to compare 2 approaches for improving instructional text. The first was based on the procedure created by B. K. Britton and S. Gulgoz (1991) as derived from W. Kintsch and T. A. van Dijk's theory (1978). It emphasized the reduction of the reader's inferential activity. We created a second method that was inspired by theories of narrative comprehension (P. van den Broek, 1990; A. C. Graesser, M. Singer, & T. Trabasso, 1994). We oriented it toward triggering causal inferences in the reader. Alternative versions of an original passage on history were elaborated for each of the 2 methods. Sixty-four 8th graders read either the original passage or one of the revised versions and were tested on memory (i.e., recall) and learning (i.e., inference questions). Only the 2nd procedure produced benefits on inferential learning, though both procedures had a limited effect on recall.
Sustaining an inclusive approach to schooling in a middle school location

In Western Australia (WA), similar to practices elsewhere, there has been a strong focus on the need for schools to reconsider their practices to increase opportunities for more equitable and inclusive access for all children. Subsequent to a major review of service provision for students with disabilities in WA (Department of Education and Training, 2004), a Building Inclusive Schools initiative is being implemented in all Government schools (Department of Education and Training, 2003). This paper explores how, following a trial inclusive program, one middle school is utilizing this initiative to further its own inclusive practices. To support this review a collaborative partnership has been established between the school and a university to provide an avenue for deliberate reflection on the processes employed to develop the school's vision of Education For All by Incorporating Diversity. A model on sustaining education for all is identified and the impact of government directives is investigated. Consid.
Processing of the Semliki Forest virus structural polyprotein: role of the capsid protease

The protease activities responsible for the cotranslational processing of the Semliki Forest virus structural polyprotein were investigated by using an in vitro transcription-translation system. Three cleavages released the individual chains from the nascent polyprotein in the order capsid, p62, 6K (a nonstructural peptide), and E1. We showed directly that the protease activity responsible for the release of the capsid protein resides in the capsid itself: by progressive truncation of the cDNA used for the SP6 transcription, we showed that a precursor containing as few as 38 residues of the p62 protein left at the C terminus of the capsid was still very efficiently cleaved in vitro. We further tested the possibility that serine-219 of the capsid is involved in autoproteolysis by site-directed in vitro mutagenesis. A change in the sequence Gly-Asp-Ser(219)-Gly, a tetrapeptide conserved among several animal serine proteases, to Gly-Asp-Arg-Ser-Thr was shown to completely abolish in vitro cleavage. This supports the notion that the capsid is a serine protease. The role of the capsid protease in the processing of the 6K junctions was then investigated by translations of a hybrid polyprotein in which the capsid and most of the p62 sequences are replaced by those of the secretory protein lysozyme. The cleavages and concomitant appearance of the 6K peptide occurred efficiently and were shown to require the presence of membranes. This demonstrates that the capsid protease is not required for those cleavages and suggests that a membrane-associated host protease is responsible for the cleavage.
KMUP‐3 attenuates ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction through eNOS enhancement and restoration of MMP‐9/TIMP‐1 balance

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previously, 7‐[2‐[4‐(4‐nitrobenzene)piperazinyl]ethyl]‐1, 3‐dimethylxanthine (KMUP‐3) has been shown to induce aortic smooth muscle relaxation through KATP channel opening and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enhancement. We further investigated whether KMUP‐3 protects against myocardial remodelling after myocardial infarction (MI), and whether KMUP‐3 increases the expression of eNOS in MI rats.
Fusões e aquisições: aprendendo com a experiência brasileira

This paper contributes to the discussion of merger and acquisition as processes. It explores the relationship between the motivation for the purchase and different integration strategies. It presents a panorama of these operations in Brazil; and it analyzes in what way local culturecan impact upon these processes. Data from research done at 106 companies in Brazil and from seven case studies are presented. The results indicate that one of the challenges to these operations in Brazil is the adequate development of the stages of the process. Local characteristics of informality and more personalized relationships should be respected. The paper confirms the importance of choosing an integration strategy that is based on the motivation for the acquisition and the situation of the acquired company. The results also suggest a hybrid model of management. This model is influenced by Brazilian culture and combines the rationalized processes of the acquiring companies with the informality and personalized relationship of the acquired companies.
On the roles of the human frontal eye fields and parietal cortex in visual search

Successful search for a target in a visual scene requires many cognitive operations, including orienting, detecting the target, and rejecting distractors. Performance in search is affected by a number of factors, including the number of targets and distractors, their similarity, motion in the display, location, and viewing history of the stimuli, etc. A task with so many stimulus variables and behavioural or neural responses may require different brain areas to interact in ways that depend on specific task demands. Until recently the right posterior parietal cortex has been ascribed a pre-eminent role in visual search. Based on recent physiological and brain imaging evidence, and on a programme of magnetic stimulation studies designed to compare directly the contributions of the parietal cortex and the human frontal eye fields in search, we have generated an account of similarities and differences between these two brain regions. The comparison suggests that the frontal eye fields are important for some aspects of search previously attributed to the parietal cortex, and that accounts of the cortical contributions to search need to be reassessed in the light of these findings.
Adaptive to Context in Ubiquitous Computing Environments

With the development of mobile devices and wireless communication technologies, users and devices will face an environment full of changes. It is indispensable for a system to adapt to the environment changes, which we call context-awareness. This paper introduces the adaptive mechanisms for embedded systems from the point of view of the data. The data in a context-aware system are in three different forms in different stage: the sensor data, the context, the situation. This paper introduces the context model which consists of three layers and the adaptive mechanisms in different layer to enable the system adaptive to contexts. Besides, we develop an example to show how the clustering and reasoning technology are used to recognize and derive the higher level context
How Product Order Affects Market Identity

In this study, we view market identities as interfaces between organizations and their external audiences and examine how the perceived market appeal of organizations can be influenced by the order in which the products or product features that determine their market identities are offered. We theorize that when audiences have different product preferences, organizations may increase their perceived appeal to some or all audiences by making certain features more or less salient through different orderings without making substantive changes to their products or product portfolios. We find strong support for our arguments in statistical analyses of the market identities of U.S. opera companies from 1995 to 2005. When opera companies group unconventional operas together, their market appeal decreases among season-ticket holders, an audience for whom unconventional opera is less appealing, but increases among opera critics, an audience for whom unconventional opera is more appealing.
Human Vascular Endothelial Cells Stimulate Memory But Not Naive CD8+ T Cells to Differentiate into CTL Retaining an Early Activation Phenotype1

Endothelial cell (EC)-selective alloreactive CTL may mediate alloimmune vascular injury. In the present study, EC-selective CTL were generated in cocultures of purified human CD8+ T cells with allogeneic EC and were compared with conventional CTL against corresponding B lymphoblastoid cells (BLC). EC caused activation and expansion of memory but not naive CD8+ T cells, which differentiated into EC-selective CTL that retained high surface expression of CD69, CD25, and CD62L and displayed low intracellular perforin content. In contrast, BLC-stimulated CTL could be generated from naive or memory CD8+ T cells and showed a more mature phenotype (low CD69, CD25, and CD62L with higher levels of perforin). The expansion of alloreactive T cells by EC stimulation was 5- to 20-fold less effective than in corresponding BLC-stimulated cultures, accounting for a reduction in the assayable cytotoxicity of individual microcultures. In these IL-2-supplemented cocultures, no effect on CTL generation or phenotype was observed by mAb blocking of costimulation provided by LFA-3, ICAM-1, or CD40, by addition of comitogenic anti-CD28 mAb, or by preactivation of EC with CD40 ligand. Cyclosporine inhibited CTL expansion and cytotoxicity similarly in both EC- and BLC-stimulated cultures but did not affect the phenotype of those CTL that did emerge. This study extends the characterization of endothelium as an immunoregulatory cell type distinct from conventional APC and may explain why graft rejection within the arterial intima, an anatomic compartment in which EC may be the primary type of APC, is separable from rejection in the graft parenchyma.
Commentary On “Probable Cigarette Dependence, PTSD, and Depression after an Urban Disaster”: Stress, Smoking, and 9/11/01

Pythagoras believed that numbers are powerful and that they express information and emotion. Some mathematicians appreciate the beauty of numbers, but most of us simply think of numbers as useful. Just over 4 years ago, the numbers “9–1–1” conveyed meaning but little emotion. Most Americans realized that this sequence of numbers was valuable to memorize in case of emergencies that required the response of police, fire fighters, or ambulance teams. Then, our world changed. On one horrific day, “9/11” came to mean terrorism, death, fear, anger, and vulnerability. When the United States was attacked on 9/11/01 by terrorists, the world became a smaller place with no safe havens and our nation experienced mass stress. The consequences and ramifications of this event continue to unfold in national and global politics, military planning and preparations, and many aspects of daily life that are related to the broad topic of homeland security. Health–care professionals and especially mental health care professionals must understand and address the impact of 9/11 on the mental and physical health of large numbers of people. We should use this understanding to prepare for and, ideally, attenuate or prevent the negative consequences of any similar events. Nandi, Galea, Ahern, and Vlahov (2005) in this issue of Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes report that stress experienced subsequent to the 9/11 attack in New York City was associated with increased cigarette smoking by nearby residents. This co–morbidity is consistent with retrospective self–reports and laboratory experiments indicating an association between stress and tobacco use (e.g., Billings & Moos, 1983; Epstein & Collins, 1977; Hellerstedt & Jeffrey, 1997; Kassel, Stroud, & Paronis, 2003; Rose, Ananda, & Jarvik, 1983; Schachter, Silverstein, Kozlowski, Perlick, Herman, & Liebling, 1977). It also is consistent with a recent report that traumatic event exposure and cigarette dependence are associated (Breslau, Davis, & Schultz, 2003). Therefore, the findings of Nandi and colleagues may appear to make a small contribution because it is consistent with so many previous reports. However, we believe that this study contributes meaningfully to the research literature in several ways. First, this Psychiatry 68(4) Winter 2005 311
A novel SPDF ensemble classifier for cancer classification

To gain more accurate and reliable cancer classification results through DNA microarray analysis, a novel ensemble classifier SPDF (Subspace Partial least square based Decision Forest) is developed. The original data are split into subspaces by column. For each subspace, partial least square (PLS) is applied to extract orthogonal latent variables (LVs). In conjunction with the Minimal Redundancy and Maximal Relevance (MRMR) as the gene-selection preprocessing method, the adverse effect of the too high dimensional variables with too small samples could be overcome successfully. Then, all available LVs are aggregated as the new training data where the Decision Forest is trained for classification. Therefore relying on the feature extraction power of PLS and the orthogonality of LVs, the multi-colinearity and high noise inherent in microarray data could be eliminated effectively. Moreover, the Decision Forest could enhance the data variety and further lighten the dependence of the classification results to the given data. The applications to two microarray datasets show that compared with Rotation Forest, Bagging and Boosting, the new SPDF method yields consistently accurate and robust predictive performance, with the maximal improvement reaching 7.26% in terms of classification accuracy on the Colon cancer classification.
Highlighting with Flicker Some Basic Visual Search Considerations

Previous research has demonstrated that search times are reduced when flicker is used to highlight color coded symbols, but that flicker is not distracting when subjects must search for non-highlighted symbols. This prompted an examination of flicker and other stimulus dimensions in a conjunctive search paradigm. In all experiments, at least 15 subjects completed a minimum of 330 trials in which they indicated the presence or absence of target stimuli on a CRT display that contained either 8, 16 or 32 items. In Experiment 1, subjects searched for blue-steady or red-flickering (5.6 Hz) circular targets among blue-flickering and red-steady distractors. Blue-steady targets produced a more efficient search rate (11.6 msec/item) than red-flickering targets (19.3 msec/item). In Experiment 2, a conjunction of flicker and size (large and small filled circles) yielded the opposite results; the search performance for large-flickering targets was unequivocally parallel. In Experiment 3, conjunctions of form and flicker yielded highly serial search performance. The findings are consistent with the response properties of parvo and magnocellular channels of the early visual system, and suggest that search is most efficient when one of these channels can be filtered completely.
A fully integrated 28nm Bluetooth Low-Energy transmitter with 36% system efficiency at 3dBm

We propose a new transmitter (TX) architecture for ultra-low power radios. An all-digital PLL employs a digitally controlled oscillator with switching current sources to reduce supply voltage and power without sacrificing its phase noise and startup margins. It also reduces 1/f noise allowing the ADPLL, after settling, to reduce its sampling rate or shut it off entirely during direct DCO data modulation. The switching power amplifier integrates its matching network while operating in class-E/F2 to maximally enhance its efficiency. The transmitter is realized in 28nm CMOS and satisfies all metal density and other manufacturing rules. It consumes 3.6 mW/5.5mW while delivering 0dBm/3 dBm RF power in Bluetooth Low-Energy.
Gp130 and the interleukin-6 family of cytokines.

Receptors for most interleukins and cytokines that regulate immune and hematopoietic systems belong to the class I cytokine receptor family. These molecules form multichain receptor complexes in order to exhibit high-affinity binding to, and mediate biological functions of, their respective cytokines. In most cases, these functional receptor complexes share common signal transducing receptor components that are also in the class I cytokine receptor family, i.e. gp130, common beta, and common gamma molecules. Interleukin-6 and related cytokines, interleukin-11, leukemia inhibitory factor, oncostatin M, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and cardiotrophin-1 are all pleiotropic and exhibit overlapping biological functions. Functional receptor complexes for this interleukin-6 family of cytokines share gp130 as a component critical for signal transduction. Unlike cytokines sharing common beta and common gamma chains that mainly function in hematopoietic and lymphoid cell systems, the interleukin-6 family of cytokines function extensively outside these systems as well, e.g. from the cardiovascular to the nervous system, owing to ubiquitously expressed gp130. Stimulation of cells with the interleukin-6 family of cytokines triggers homo- or hetero-dimerization of gp130. Although gp130 and its dimer partners possess no intrinsic tyrosine kinase domain, the dimerization of gp130 leads to activation of associated cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases and subsequent modification of transcription factors. This paper reviews recent progress in the study of the interleukin-6 family of cytokines and gp130.
Evaluation of a Process and Proforma for making Consistent Decisions about the Seriousness of Plagiarism Incidents

Abstract Procedures for responding consistently to plagiarism incidents are neither clear‐cut nor easily implemented and yet inequitable treatment is intrinsically unfair. Classifying the seriousness of a plagiarism incident is problematic and penalties recommended for a given incident can vary greatly. This paper describes the development and testing of a classification framework for determining the degree of seriousness of a plagiarism incident using four criteria each on a continuum from least to most serious, and then classification into three overall levels. The classification scheme was trialled with academics using hypothetical plagiarism cases. Results suggest that the four criteria are useful and useable, and can assist in decision‐making, but that professional development for staff will be required to further improve consistency. The trial also revealed the knowledge and thinking processes of academics that might lead to inconsistent decisions.
RouteArt: A new framework for vehicle routing problem with pickup and delivery using heuristic bubble algorithm

In this study, a new framework for the vehicle routing problem with pickup and delivery (VRPPD) called RouteArt is presented. Furthermore, the enhanced Heuristic Bubble Algorithm (HBA), which is a nature-inspired algorithm, is presented as a new solution approach to the VRPPD problem. This flexible web-based framework gives the user opportunity to solve the routing problems using HBA and report the solution. In order to show the benefit of using RouteArt with HBA, five case studies are discussed, and the profit of using the proposed enhanced HBA is shown with comparisons.
Specific Neuroendocrine Mechanisms Not Involving Generalized Stress Mediate Social Regulation of Female Reproduction in Cooperatively Breeding Marmoset Monkeys a

Competition within a social group can have dramatic consequences for an individual's fertility and fecundity. Social competition is certainly one of the major environmental selection pressures determining individual reproductive success. ' Recently, increasing numbers of studies employing genetic criteria have supported the principle that reproductive benefits accrue to socially dominant individual^? ,^ At the proximate level, dominant females have traditionally been thought to gain reproductive advantages over subordinate females as a result of (1) harassment-induced stress inhibiting ovulation in subordinate females (e.g., cynomolgus monkeys, Macacafascicularis)$ (2) harassment-related pregnancy loss or infant loss suffered by subordinates (e.g., yellow baboons, Papio cynocephalu~),~. ~ or ( 3 ) exclusion of subordinate females from resources crucial for successful reproduction, such as food (e.g., red deer, Cervus e l e p h ~ s ) ~ or 'helpers' to raise offspring (e.g., saddle back tamarins, Saguinus fuscicollis). 8 Such dominance-driven harassment or exclusion exploits the generalized inhibitory reproductive responses that most vertebrate species show to chronic physiological stress, whether it is derived psychologically (i.e., harassment) or environmen-
The treatment of psychosexual dysfunction in a mixed sex group: A new approach

Abstract The group treatment of psychosexual dysfunction has usually involved the participation of couples, men, or women in the group situation. In the present study, single men and women participated together in a sex therapy group which included sex education, social skills training, a progressive behavioural program of Masters' & Johnson's techniques and open group discussion. Three measures of change were obtained before and after treatment and at a 4 month follow-up session. The efficacy of this approach in the treatment of single people with sexual problems is discussed and evaluated.
Radiofrequency ablation of hepatic tumors: variability of lesion size using a single ablation device.

OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined the variability of lesion sizes produced by a single radiofrequency ablation using the same device and algorithm in patients with small malignant hepatic tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review of the clinical records of 208 patients who underwent radiofrequency ablation of malignant hepatic tumors during a 6-year period revealed 31 patients with small tumors that were treated with a single ablation. Clinical data were recorded using standardized work sheets. Tumor and lesion sizes after ablation were measured from CT scans. The influences of tumor size, tumor type, presence or absence of cirrhosis, and tissue temperature on the ablation size were analyzed. RESULTS The size of tumor before treatment ranged from 0.8 to 4.0 cm (mean diameter [+/- SD] = 1.8 +/- 0.9 cm) with corresponding volumes of 0.27-30.24 mL (mean volume = 27.1 +/- 15.9 mL). The lesion sizes after ablation ranged from 1.7 to 5.3 cm (mean diameter = 3.6 +/- 0.7 cm) with corresponding volumes of 2.29-75.87 mL (mean volume = 4.9 +/- 7.1 mL). Tumor type (p > 0.25), presence or absence of cirrhosis (p > 0.45), and tissue temperature (p = 0.055) had no relationship to ablation size. Tumor size had a statistically significant influence on ablation lesion size (p < 0.04). Ablation of small tumors (diameter < or = 2.25 cm, n = 32) produced random lesion sizes whereas ablation of large tumors (diameter > 2.25 cm, n = 11) produced larger lesions (mean diameter = 4.0 +/- 0.8 cm). CONCLUSION Significant variation occurs in the lesion size produced using the same ablation device and algorithm. These findings must be considered when planning ablation strategies.