Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Philosophy with children: talking, thinking and learning together

Scotland's Curriculum for Excellence affords greater autonomy and flexibility to teachers and schools through advocating curriculum integration and experiential and active learning with greater emphasis on the processes of learning rather than detailed learning outcomes. It is in this context that the present article is grounded. This article explores children's participation in Community of Philosophical Inquiry (CoPI) with a specific focus on collaborative dialogue. Evidence is drawn from pupils' philosophical dialogues in classrooms in a range of primary school contexts. Although talk is vital for learning and development, not all talk is of equal educational value and there have been several attempts to classify different kinds of talk that emerge in classroom discussions. Through analysis of dialogues with children between the ages of 5 and 11, the article outlines key features of talk occurring in CoPI, highlighting aspects of meaningful talk through philosophy in the early stages of children's schooling.
Growth-dependent accumulation of monoalkylglycerol in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Evidence for a role in the regulation of protein kinase C

1-O-Alkyl-sn-glycerol (alkylglycerol) forms the backbone of complex ether-linked glycerolipids, including biologically active lipids such as platelet-activating factor. Synthetic alkylglycerol itself possesses several potent pharmacological activities and has been shown to inhibit protein kinase C (PKC) in vitro. In spite of these properties, free alkylglycerol has been regarded only as a potential product of the inflammatory degradation of complex ether lipids rather than a natural cell constituent. To explore the possibility that endogenous alkylglycerol functions as a physiological regulator in normal cells, we measured its content, along with related monoglycerides and diglycerides, by high performance liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. The content of free alkylglycerol increased up to 20-fold during the growth of MDCK cell cultures to a confluent density. The increase was greatest during the log phase of growth, in which the content of alkylglycerol rose from 6.0 +/- 1.3 nmol/10(8) cells in preconfluent cultures to 23.6 +/- 3.4 nmol/10(8) cells in confluent cultures. Analysis of the molecular species of alkylglycerol showed that the higher content in quiescent MDCK cells was due primarily to an increase in 1-O-octadecyl-sn- glycerol. In contrast, the levels of monoacylglycerol and the PKC activator diacylglycerol were lower in confluent, quiescent cultures than in preconfluent, proliferating cultures. A similar pattern of changes in the monoglyceride and diglyceride content was observed in interleukin-3-dependent CFTL-12 mast cells when cell proliferation was blocked by growth factor withdrawal. Growth of MDCK cells to a confluent density resulted in a decrease in particulate PKC enzyme activity to a level that was only 6% of that in proliferating cells. To explore whether the accumulation of cellular alkylglycerol contributes to growth-dependent changes in PKC activity, we examined the effects of adding alkylglycerol to the activity and subcellular distribution of the enzyme in MDCK cells. Treatment of cells with 1-O-dodecyl-sn- glycerol resulted in a decrease in the activity of membrane-associated PKC activity and inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate- stimulated translocation of PKC from the cytosol to the membrane fraction. Alkylglycerol was also shown to inhibit the activity of purified PKC in vitro when present at levels similar to that of the diacylglycerol activator. We propose that the accumulation of alkylglycerol during the growth of MDCK cells to a confluent density contributes to the decrease in PKC activity. The control of cellular alkylglycerol levels may be a novel mechanism for the regulation of cellular physiology.
AMPA/Kainate Receptors Drive Rapid Output and Precise Synchrony in Olfactory Bulb Granule Cells

Gamma frequency (30–70 Hz) synchronized oscillatory activity in the olfactory bulb is widely believed to be important for odor detection and discrimination. As in other circuits with “gamma activity,” the activity in the bulb is driven by GABAergic interneurons, specifically a class of axonless cells called granule cells. However, bulb granule cells appear to lack some key mechanistic features that promote rapid synchrony in other circuits, including direct electrical interconnections and dominant actions for fast neurotransmitter receptors. At least under “static” stimulus conditions, granule cells are driven by kinetically slow NMDA receptors. Here, I used patch-clamp recordings in rat olfactory bulb slices to better understand mechanisms that shape granule cell activity under “dynamic” stimulus conditions that mimic a natural odor stimulus. During a 4 Hz patterned stimulation of olfactory nerve afferents, activation of single granule cells was primarily controlled by two classes of AMPA/kainate receptor-mediated synaptic inputs derived from output mitral cells. The rapid kinetics of these receptors, together with inactivation of A-type potassium channels, ensured that granule cells had short spike-response times. Studies in cell pairs, moreover, indicated that excitatory inputs could synchronize granule cells on a rapid time scale (2–5 ms), in turn resulting in phase-locked GABA release onto mitral cells. The precision of granule cell synchrony was controlled by the same biophysical mechanisms that promoted rapid single-cell spiking. These studies demonstrate the mechanistic underpinnings that transform a circuit with slow, uncoupled activity under static conditions into a fast, dynamic circuit operating with high precision under physiological conditions.
Design of a Subsurface Sensing and Imaging Image and Sensor Data Database System

The CenSSIS Image Database System is a scientific database that enables effective collaboration, scientific data sharing and accelerates fundamental research. We describe a state-of-the-art system that uses the Oracle RDBMS and J2EE technologies to provide remote, Internet-based data access. The system incorporates efficient submission and retrieval of images and metadata, indexing of metadata for efficient searching, and complex relational query capabilities. keywords: hierarchical collections; web image database; metadata; XML tagging
Short Note on Edge Connectivity Augmentation

Consider a network N = (V; Ec; c) with an integer valued capacity function c: V V ! Z+, and let k be a positive integer. What is the minimal total increase by which the individual capacities must be increased such that the edge connectivity number is at least k? Clearly the defect r(u) := max(k ? c(u); 0) summing over all vertices, called T is a lower bound for. Kajitani and Ueno 7] proved that if (V; Ec) is a tree then = T. We extend this result to the larger class of acyclic digraphs. Frank 4] gives a min-max formula for which is proved using Maders 8] splitting theorem. In order to obtain an eecient implementation of the resulting strong polynomial time algorithm, one must carry out some reduction and splitting operations which, in turn, entail performing several maximal ow computations. We give an implementation which signiicantly decreases the time complexity of the reduction phase, and substantially reduces the running time of the entire algorithm. Furthermore we give some computational results.
Cancer-Associated Hypercalcemia: Morbidity and Mortality: Clinical Experience in 126 Treated Patients

STUDY OBJECTIVE To review the effects of antihypercalcemic treatment on morbidity and mortality in cancer-associated hypercalcemia. DESIGN Retrospective study of 126 consecutive patients with cancer-associated hypercalcemia. SETTING Inpatient referrals from a teaching hospital in the United Kingdom. INTERVENTION Medical antihypercalcemic therapy supplemented by specific anticancer therapy where possible. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Median survival was 30 days. Survival did not differ in patients treated with different antihypercalcemic regimens but was longer (median, 135 days; P less than 0.001) in a subgroup of 26 patients for whom specific anticancer therapy was available. Polyuria and polydipsia improved after therapy in 83% of cases, central nervous system symptoms in 71%, constipation in 70%, nausea and vomiting in 56%, anorexia in 50%, and malaise and fatigue in 47% (all significant, P less than 0.001, pre-treatment compared with post-treatment). Pain control improved in only 23% of cases (not significant). Only 7% of patients with post-treatment serum calcium values above 3.50 mmol/L improved clinically compared with 80% whose calcium values fell below 2.80 mmol/L (P less than 0.001). Corresponding figures for the proportion of patients discharged from the hospital were 0% and 68% (P less than 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Life expectancy is poor in cancer-associated hypercalcemia even in patients who are actively treated. Antihypercalcemic therapy has an important palliative role, however, because symptoms are usually improved and, in many cases, patients may be made well enough to be discharged from the hospital during the terminal stages of their illness.
Singularity Analysis of Generating Functions

This work presents a class of methods by which one can translate, on a term-by-term basis, an asymptotic expansion of a function around a dominant singularity into a corresponding asymptotic expansion for the Taylor coefficients of the function. This approach is based on contour integration using Cauchy’s formula and Hankel-like contours. It constitutes an alternative to either Darboux’s method or Tauberian theorems that appears to be well suited to combinatorial enumerations, and a few applications in this area are outlined.
Sequential symbol synchronizers based on pulse comparison operating by positive transitions at quarter rate

This work presents the sequential symbol synchronizer based on pulse comparison by positive transitions at quarter rate (txp/4). Their performance is compared with a reference synchronizer by both transitions at the rate (tx). For the reference and proposed synchronizer we consider two versions which are the manual (m) and the automatic (a). The objective is to study the four synchronizers and evaluate their output jitter UIRMS (Unit Interval Root Mean Square) versus input SNR (Signal Noise Ratio).
Timbre and harmony: Interpolations of timbral structures

In this article, I discuss the use of musical timbre and harmony, and their relations, taking examples from my own works. I discuss also the use of the computer in composition and musical research. Speaking of timbre, I introduce the sound/noise axis, which I use to create musical tension and to replace the dynamic function of harmony. Along this axis, generally speaking, “noise” replaces the concept of dissonance and “sound” that of consonance. The axis is, nevertheless, only one‐dimensional, and I wonder if there might be ways to organize timbre in more complex — hierarchical? — ways. In my work with the computer I seek ways of combining in a concrete way timbre and harmony, for example by using similar models for building sounds themselves and their pitch organizations.
Computer-Mediated Communication and Virtual Groups: Applications to Interethnic Conflict

This essay represents the first in a series wherein an established scholar is invited to synthesize his or her program of research to offer practical applications. This essay concerns applications of computer-mediated communication (CMC) research in groups toward the enhancement of relations between members of potentially hostile ethnopolitical groups. The characteristics of CMC offer several possible means of facilitating the reduction of animosity through online contact among intergroup constituents. The scatter of applicable findings across disciplines, and imprecision in theoretical appropriations, have inhibited advancement of applied research in this context. This essay examines findings from management, intergroup, and interpersonal approaches to CMC, and provides some examples, suggesting opportunities for synthesis and the development of starting points to design the arrangement of diverse online groups that may help reduce conflict among otherwise antagonistic members.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: An Unusual Cause of Acute Limb Compartment Syndrome

Acute limb compartment syndrome is a surgical emergency associated with significant morbidity if not diagnosed promptly and treated effectively. We describe a case of severe and eventually lethal acute limb compartment syndrome, which complicated veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a previously well young woman who had suffered an unexplained cardiac arrest. We recommend that intensive care units develop clinical practice guidelines for the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy in order to minimise the risk of similar adverse events in the future.
Space-Time Correlation Based Fault Correction of Wireless Sensor Networks

The nodes within wireless sensor network (WSN) have low reliability, and are easy to act abnormally and produce erroneous data. To address the problem, we propose a distributed fault correction algorithm, which makes use of correlation among data of adjacent nodes and the correlation between current data and historical data on a single node. The algorithm could correct measurement errors every time nodes take measures. Simulation results show that the algorithm could help correct lots of errors, and only introduce very few errors, while still keep effective for nodes near event region border where many existed algorithms failed.
Eliciting personal constructs of research, teaching, and#shor professional development

This paper introduces a research methodology in higher education that elicits personal theories of several aspects of higher education (e.g., research, teaching, learning, and/or professional development) and that is an alternative to traditional methods of studying people's perceptions and perspectives (by questionnaire, interview, or structured group discussion). The paper outlines Kelly's repertory grid technique and the theoretical assumptions on which it is based. Some examples are given to illustrate how the research method may be applied to higher education research and development and how it may assist people in reconstructing their teaching or research practice.
Optimal number of 1-hop neighbor nodes considering routing overhead in ad hoc networks

The number of nodes within 1-hop range plays an important role in determination of ad-hoc network performance. The more the number of 1-hop neighbor increases, the more routing traffic is generated. Although there have been several studies on the optimal number of 1-hop neighbor nodes, they had not considered routing overhead. In this study, we derive new optimal number of 1-hop neighbor nodes to maximize network throughput considering routing overhead. Numerical results show that the optimal number of 1-hop neighbor nodes depends on various factors such as the total number of nodes in a network, average node speed and routing algorithm.
Confirmatory Real-Time PCR Assay for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Type 52 Infection in Anogenital Specimens Screened for HPV Infection with the Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test

ABSTRACT A novel real-time PCR assay for detection of human papillomavirus type 52 (HPV-52) DNA (RT-52) was evaluated on 265 anogenital samples. RT-52 had a sensitivity of 98.4% and a specificity of 100% compared to conventional HPV-52 typing assays, including hybridization of PGMY products with an HPV-52-specific probe and PCR sequencing of HPV-52 E6.
Concurrent relations between inhibitory control, vocabulary and internal state language in 18- and 24-month-old Italian-speaking infants

The aim of this study was to investigate the concurrent relations between 18- and 24-month-olds' performance on tasks measuring inhibitory control, word production, and internal state vocabulary. Two tasks were used to measure inhibitory control, the Reverse Categorization task (a conflict task), and the Gift task (a delay task). Expressive vocabulary was assessed with the Italian version of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory (Words and Sentences), and internal state vocabulary was assessed with a checklist of 78 mental state terms adapted from the English Internal State Language Questionnaire. Expressive vocabulary was associated to Internal State Language and to the Reverse Categorization task, but not to the Delay task. Our findings document internal state language abilities in a sample of 61 Italian-speaking children, and show that internal state vocabulary is significantly and specifically related only to performance on the conflict measure of inhibitory control, even when vocabulary size is controlled for. Results of our study extend to an Italian sample of children previous findings on an early association between self-control and theory of mind and suggest that a link between inhibitory control processes and internal state language may be present at a very young age.
Psychopathy and The Big 5: Correlations Between Observers' Ratings of Normal and Pathological Personality

We investigated the relation between psychopathy, assessed using the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV— Hare, Cox, & Hart, in press), and observers' ratings of normal personality made using the revised Interpersonal Adjective Scales—Big 5 Version (IASR-B5—Trapnell & Wiggins, 1991). Subjects were 24 men: 12 university students and 12 incarcerated offenders. PCL:SV ratings were significantly (p < .05) correlated with the IASR-B5 dimensions of Dominance (r = .66), Love (r = −.82), Conscientiousness (r = .83), Openness (r = .76), and Neuroticism (r = −.46). These correlations were not attributable to stereotyped perceptions of students or offenders. The results suggest that observer ratings may be a useful adjunct to self-reports in the study of personality pathology. The advantages and disadvantages of observer ratings relative to self-reports are discussed.
Spectrum-Based Sequential Diagnosis

We present a spectrum-based, sequential software debugging approach coined Sequoia, that greedily selects tests out of a suite of tests to narrow down the set of diagnostic candidates with a minimum number of tests. Sequoia handles multiple faults, that can be intermittent, at polynomial time and space complexity, due to a novel, approximate diagnostic entropy estimation approach, which considers the subset of diagnoses that cover almost all Bayesian posterior probability mass. Synthetic experiments show that Sequoia achieves much better diagnostic uncertainty reduction compared to random test sequencing.Real programs, taken from the Software Infrastructure Repository, confirm Sequoia's better performance, with a test reduction up to 80% compared to random test sequences.
IL-10 and socs3 Are Predictive Biomarkers of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

Background Cytokines play important roles in the physiopathology of dengue infection; therefore, the suppressors of cytokine signaling (socs) that control the type and timing of cytokine functions could be involved in the origin of immune alterations in dengue. Objective To explore the association of cytokine and socs levels with disease severity in dengue patients. Methods Blood samples of 48 patients with confirmed dengue infection were analyzed. Amounts of interleukins IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10, interferon- (IFN-) γ, and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α were quantified by flow cytometry, and the relative expression of socs1 and socs3 mRNA was quantified by real-time RT-PCR. Results Increased levels of IL-10 and socs3 and lower expression of socs1 were found in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) with respect to those with dengue fever (DF) (p < 0.05). Negative correlations were found between socs1 and both IL-10 and socs3 (p < 0.01). The cutoff values of socs3 (>199.8-fold), socs1 (<1.94-fold), and IL-10 (>134 pg/ml) have the highest sensitivity and specificity to discriminate between DF and DHF. Conclusion Simultaneous changes in IL-10 and socs1/socs3 could be used as prognostic biomarkers of dengue severity.
Randomized parallel algorithms for matroid union and intersection, with applications to arboresences and edge-disjoint spanning trees

The strong link between matroids and matching is used to extend the ideas that resulted in the design of Random NC algorithms for matching to obtain RNC algorithms for the well-known problems of finding an arboresence and a maximum cardinality set of edge-disjoint spanning trees in a graph. The key tools used are linear algebra and randomization.
An oasis in a watery desert? Discourses on an industrial ecosystem in the Gulf of Mexico Rigs‐to‐Reefs program

This article explores how in the years after 1980 a spectrum of historical actors came to see petroleum platforms in the Gulf of Mexico as a necessary part of the Gulf ecosystem and how such views affected platform removal policies. Through a discourse analysis of the Rigs‐to‐Reefs program, in which old offshore petroleum facilities were converted into artificial reefs, this article examines how actors presented to the public their notions of the relationship of the Gulf ecosystem with technological offshore structures. Through this case we see how ideas of technology and nature were mutually constructed via discourses and what affect that had on policies.
Characterization of the mouse A3 adenosine receptor gene: exon/intron organization and promoter activity.

In a previous study, we reported the expression of A3 adenosine receptor mRNA in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and demonstrated that its levels affect the intracellular concentration of cAMP. In the current study, we isolated the mouse A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) gene, characterized its structure, and defined its promoter activity in VSMC. The mouse A3AR gene fragment available to us has 3 kb of coding sequences, composed of two exons separated by a single intron, and 2.3 kb of 5' noncoding region. The promoter region lacks "TATA" and "CAAT" boxes, but contains an initiator consensus sequence. In accordance with Northern blot analysis of A3AR mRNA, transient transfection experiments showed that the promoter activity of this fragment was significant in VSMC and astrocytes and high in mast cells. The characterization of the mouse A3 adenosine receptor gene and insight into its promoter region will allow further studies to determine the physiological importance of its transcriptional regulation in different tissues.