Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mucosal Metabolomic Signatures in Chronic Colitis: Novel Insights into the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) involve complex interactions among genetic factors, aberrant immune activation, and gut microbial dysbiosis. While metabolomic studies have focused on feces and serum, fewer investigations have examined the intestinal mucosa despite its crucial role in metabolite absorption and transport. The goals of this study were twofold: to test the hypothesis that gut microbial dysbiosis from chronic intestinal inflammation leads to mucosal metabolic alterations suitable for therapeutic targeting, and to address gaps in metabolomic studies of intestinal inflammation that have overlooked the mucosal metabolome. The chronic DSS colitis was induced for five weeks in 7–9-week-old wild-type C57BL/6J male mice followed by microbial profiling with targeted 16srRNA sequencing service. Mucosal metabolite measurements were performed by Metabolon (Morrisville, NC). The data were analyzed using the bioinformatic tools Pathview, MetOrigin, and Metaboanalyst. The novel findings demonstrated increases in several host- and microbe-derived purine, pyrimidine, endocannabinoid, and ceramide metabolites in colitis. Origin analysis revealed that microbial-related tryptophan metabolites kynurenine, anthranilate, 5-hydroxyindoleacetate, and C-glycosyltryptophan were significantly increased in colon mucosa during chronic inflammation and strongly correlated with disease activity. These findings offer new insights into the pathophysiology of IBD and provide novel potential targets for microbial-based therapeutics.
Line-current model for deriving the wavelength scaling of linear and nonlinear optical properties of thin elongated metallic rod antennas

Thin elongated rod antennas with a diameter smaller than the skin depth exhibit surface plasmon polariton modes that can propagate along the antenna while being reflected at the antenna ends. In the line-current model, a current is associated with these modes in order to approximate the optical properties of the antennas. We find that it is crucial to correctly derive the reflection of the surface plasmon polariton modes at the antenna ends for predicting the resonance position and shape accurately. Thus, the line-current model allows for deriving the wavelength scaling behavior of plasmonic near fields as well as the emitted third-harmonic intensity efficiently. Neglecting the frequency dependence of the nonlinear susceptibility, we find that the third-harmonic intensity of such metallic rod antennas scales as the fourth power of the frequency, whereas it decreases with the twelfth power within the limit of the generalized Miller’s rule.
Simultaneous Confidence Intervals Compatible with Sequentially Rejective Graphical Procedures

ABSTRACT The Bonferroni-based sequentially rejective graphical procedures of Bretz et al. (2009) and Burman et al. (2009) include well-known multiple testing procedures (MTPs) such as the fixed-sequence MTP, the Fallback MTP, the Holm MTP, various gatekeeping MTPs, and quite elaborated variants/combinations of these MTPs. One-sided simultaneous confidence intervals (SCIs) compatible with such graphical MTPs have previously been based on results for more general MTPs involving closed-testing or partitioning arguments. If the MTP is alpha-exhaustive, then these SCIs are quite simple, but no confidence assertions sharper than rejection assertions are possible unless all hypotheses are rejected. If the MTP is not alpha-exhaustive (as the Fallback MTP), then some confidence assertions sharper than rejection assertions are possible even when not all hypotheses are rejected. These SCIs are, however, far from simple and transparent, so their description is typically omitted in methodological accounts in this context. It is shown in this article how SCIs can be formulated in a simple and transparent way for any MTP in the Burman et al. (2009) class. Various illustrations are given. A direct proof of the validity of these SCIs is provided that is based on simple monotonicity relations and does not involve closed-testing or partitioning arguments. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
An IoT/IoMT Security Testbed for Anomaly-based Intrusion Detection Systems

Over the past few years, the Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming the healthcare sector through the introduction of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) technology whose purpose is the improvement of the patient's quality of life. Nevertheless, I0MT networks are still vulnerable to a wide range of threats because of their heterogeneity and resource-constrained characteristics. Thus, novel security mechanisms such as accurate and efficient intrusion detection systems (IDSs), taking into consideration the inherent limitations of the I0MT networks, are required to be developed before I0MT networks reach their full potential in the market. In our previous works, we presented the system architecture of a novel hybrid anomaly-based IDS (AIDS) for I0MT networks and the implementation of its prototype. The next step is the testing and evaluation of the performance of the proposed AIDS under different types of attacks. However, there is a lack of existing IoT testbeds that can be used to test and evaluate the performance of an AIDS as a whole system running on different IoT devices, networks and platforms, and being under different types of IoT attacks. Therefore, in this paper, we present the development of a functional IoT/IoMT security testbed for testing and evaluating AIDSs. In addition, we intend this work to serve as a guidance for other researchers or engineers who aim to develop specific IoT/IoMT testbeds for evaluating their own AIDSs under different types of IoT attacks.
Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Processing of Anterior Segment OCT Images in the Diagnosis of Vitreoretinal Lymphoma

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) allows the explore not only the anterior chamber but also the front part of the vitreous cavity. Our cross-sectional single-centre study investigated whether AS-OCT can distinguish between vitreous involvement due to vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) and vitritis in uveitis. We studied AS-OCT images from 28 patients (11 with biopsy-proven VRL and 17 with differential diagnosis uveitis) using publicly available radiomics software written in MATLAB. Patients were divided into two balanced groups: training and testing. Overall, 3260/3705 (88%) AS-OCT images met our defined quality criteria, making them eligible for analysis. We studied five different sets of grey-level samplings (16, 32, 64, 128, and 256 levels), finding that 128 grey levels performed the best. We selected the five most effective radiomic features ranked by the ability to predict the class (VRL or uveitis). We built a classification model using the xgboost python function; through our model, 87% of eyes were correctly diagnosed as VRL or uveitis, regardless of exam technique or lens status. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) in the 128 grey-level model were 0.95 [CI 0.94, 0.96] and 0.84 for training and testing datasets, respectively. This preliminary retrospective study highlights how AS-OCT can support ophthalmologists when there is clinical suspicion of VRL.
Self-Standing Pd-Based Nanostructures for Electrocatalytic CO Oxidation: Do Nanocatalyst Shape and Electrolyte pH Matter?

Tailoring the shape of Pd nanocrystals is one of the main ways to enhance catalytic activity; however, the effect of shapes and electrolyte pH on carbon monoxide oxidation (COOxid) is not highlighted enough. This article presents the controlled fabrication of Pd nanocrystals in different morphologies, including Pd nanosponge via the ice-cooling reduction of the Pd precursor using NaBH4 solution and Pd nanocube via ascorbic acid reduction at 25 °C. Both Pd nanosponge and Pd nanocube are self-standing and have a high surface area, uniform distribution, and clean surface. The electrocatalytic CO oxidation activity and durability of the Pd nanocube were significantly superior to those of Pd nanosponge and commercial Pd/C in only acidic (H2SO4) medium and the best among the three media, due to the multiple adsorption active sites, uniform distribution, and high surface area of the nanocube structure. However, Pd nanosponge had enhanced COOxid activity and stability in both alkaline (KOH) and neutral (NaHCO3) electrolytes than Pd nanocube and Pd/C, attributable to its low Pd-Pd interatomic distance and cleaner surface. The self-standing Pd nanosponge and Pd nanocube were more active than Pd/C in all electrolytes. Mainly, the COOxid current density of Pd nanocube in H2SO4 (5.92 mA/cm2) was nearly 3.6 times that in KOH (1.63 mA/cm2) and 10.3 times that in NaHCO3 (0.578 mA/cm2), owing to the greater charge mobility and better electrolyte–electrode interaction, as evidenced by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis. Notably, this study confirmed that acidic electrolytes and Pd nanocube are highly preferred for promoting COOxid and may open new avenues for precluding CO poisoning in alcohol-based fuel cells.
A New eHealth Investment Appraisal Framework for Africa: Validation

(1) Background: Decisions to use eHealth are complex and involve addressing a large opportunity cost. Sound choices are essential. Weighing up investment options is challenging in resource-constrained settings where there are frequently insufficient economics data and expertise to conduct adequate appraisals. To address this, a new eHealth Investment Appraisal Framework (eHIAF) for Africa has been designed and developed. The aim of this paper was to validate the new framework to consider whether it is fit for purpose and to refine it as needed. (2) Methods: An online survey of purposively selected eHealth experts was used to conduct a desktop validation of the proposed eHIAF for Africa. The survey covered the framework development process, structure, content, completeness, and utility. Expert opinions were charted, and a reflective and iterative process used to assess the tool and extract recommendations for refinement. (3) Results: Eleven eHealth experts who completed the survey had experience in African countries and elsewhere. The majority agreed with the eHIAF for Africa development approach and output. They provided valuable suggestions for minor refinements and felt that with these amendments, the eHIAF for Africa would be ‘fit for purpose’. (4) Conclusions: The eHIAF for Africa is considered appropriate for use by policy- and decision-makers working in resource-constrained settings who face the task of selecting optimal eHealth investments. It has the potential for applicability beyond Africa and the framework should now be tested in African countries.
The Electronic Effects of 3-Methoxycarbonylcoumarin Substituents on Spectral, Antioxidant, and Protein Binding Properties

Coumarin derivatives are a class of compounds with pronounced biological activities that depend primarily on the present substituents. Four 3-methoxycarbonylcoumarin derivatives with substituents of different electron-donating/electron-withdrawing abilities (Br, NO2, OH, and OMe) were investigated structurally by NMR, IR, and UV-VIS spectroscopies and density functional theory methods. The appropriate level of theory (B3LYP-D3BJ/6-311++G(d,p) was selected after comparing similar compounds’ experimental and theoretical structural parameters. The natural bond orbital and quantum theory of atoms in molecules were employed to investigate the intramolecular interactions governing stability. The electronic effects of substituents mostly affected the aromatic ring that the substituents are directly attached to. The antioxidant properties were investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy towards HO•, and the percentages of reduction were between 13% (6-Br) and 23% (6-OMe). The protein binding properties towards transport proteins were assessed by spectrofluorimetry, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD). The experimentally determined binding energies were well reproduced by molecular docking, showing that the spontaneity of ibuprofen binding was comparable to the investigated compounds. The flexibility of HSA in MD simulations depended on the substituents. These results proved the importance of electronic effects for the protein binding affinities and antioxidant properties of coumarin derivatives.
Switchable dual-wavelength single-longitudinal-mode erbium fiber laser utilizing a dual-ring scheme with a saturable absorber

In this work, we propose and demonstrate a switchable dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber (EDF) ring laser with stable single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) output. Here, a dual-ring (DR) structure with an unpumped EDF of 2 m is designed to achieve SLM oscillation. Five fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are applied in the laser cavity serving as the reflective element to generate different dual-wavelength outputs. In the measurement, six sets of generated dual-wavelengths with various mode-spacing (Δλ) can be achieved via the five FBGs. Additionally, the stability performance of the proposed EDF DR laser is also demonstrated.
The Role of Sublobar Resection for the Surgical Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is the most common cancer killer in the world. The standard of care for surgical treatment of non-small cell lung cancer has been lobectomy. Recent studies have identified that sublobar resection has non-inferior survival rates compared to lobectomy, however. Sublobar resection may increase the number of patients who can tolerate surgery and reduce postoperative pulmonary decline. Sublobar resection appears to have equivalent results to surgery in patients with small, peripheral tumors and no lymph node disease. As the utilization of segmentectomy increases, there may be some centers that perform this operation more than other centers. Care must be taken to ensure that all patients have access to this modality. Future investigations should focus on examining the outcomes from segmentectomy as it is applied more widely. When employed on a broad scale, morbidity and survival rates should be monitored. As segmentectomy is performed more frequently, patients may experience improved postoperative quality of life while maintaining the same oncologic benefit.
The Use of Images Analysis for IoT-Based Smart Traffic Densities Management

Traffic jam is caused by the rise in traffic capacity brought on by the accelerated growth of roadway facilities. Inside the Sultanate of Oman, the similar situation is present. One of the biggest issues in Muscat & similar towns inside the Sultanate of Oman is transportation traffic. It is mostly driven by the quick increase in automobile numbers over a short period of time. It is necessary to create an IoT-based transportation management technology to mitigate the effects of road gridlock. A calculation of the real vehicle volume on the roadway would serve as the foundation for the suggested method. Genuine film & picture analysis tools will be used for this. In order to determine the thickness, the photographs that were taken & saved on the computer will be matched to the live pictures from the cameras. The goal is to manage transportation by calculating the amount of traffic on every sides of the route & providing the customer with a technology application-based signal signals management choice.
Adapted NOMA & Zone Models For Battery-Efficient Future 5G Greens Networking

The no. of without wire communication device, the need The energy consumed for transportation, computation, and receiving for frequency resources will all rise as a result of recent technological improvementsas the IoT & Massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC). Researchers from all over the world are interested in non-orthogonalmultipleaccess&cooperative schemes since NOMA can solve the spectrum shortage issue by employing many users at once, while cooperative schemes will help reduce transmit power usage by deploying relay nodes to reduce. Hence, this article incorporates NOMA &cooperative technology to sum up the system's power usage.This article suggests two schemes: a sector model that has been modified &a cooperative NOMA scheme that is battery-efficient. Relay &device-to-device co-operation are used in the newly proposed energy-efficient cooperative NOMA to bring new ways of usage into non-orthogonal multiple access scheme with the goal of lowering battery power usage on the transmitter &receiver sides. While the fitted sector model makes effective use of the NOMA cell sector model to improve the system's energy consumption. The examination of numerous obstacles &potential future chances to introduce the NOMA approach is addressed at the conclusion.
Stochastic consensus of single‐integrator multi‐agent systems under relative state‐dependent measurement noises and time delays

This paper proposes a consensus algorithm for continuous‐time single‐integrator multi‐agent systems with relative state‐dependent measurement noises and time delays in directed fixed and switching topologies. Each agent's control input relies on its own information state and its neighbors' information states, which are delayed and corrupted by measurement noises whose intensities are considered a function of the agents' relative states. The time delays are considered time‐varying and uniform. For directed fixed topologies, condition to ensure mean square linear χ‐consensus (average consensus, respectively) are derived for digraphs having spanning tree (balanced digraphs having spanning tree, respectively). For directed switching topologies, conditions on both time delays and dwell time have been given to extend the mean square linear χ‐consensus (average consensus, respectively) of fixed topologies to switching topologies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Object-based deep convolutional autoencoders for high-resolution remote sensing image classification

Abstract. Deep learning has been applied to many fields due to its capability for unsupervised feature learning. However, it is unsuitable for remote sensing image classification of deep convolutional networks due to the regular and fixed shape of receptive fields in current methods, which cannot freely adapt for ground objects with various shapes and scales. To tackle this problem, we propose object-based deep convolutional autoencoders (ODCAEs) to encode high-resolution remote sensing image features automatically. The receptive fields of deep convolutional autoencoders were designed based on a fractal net evolution approach to adapt for various ground objects in images, retaining category purity while providing adequate information. We collected 109,333 samples of seven classes from high-resolution satellite images over various locations to train the ODCAE, which encoded high level features automatically, coupled with a support vector machine for classification. We assessed the classification results using two WorldView-II image locations. The proposed ODCAE approach achieved higher accuracy than three manual design feature systems. Thus, the proposed ODCAE approach is useful and efficient for feature learning problems for high-resolution remote sensing images.
Characterization of the Cardiac Structure and Function of Conscious D2.B10-Dmdmdx/J (D2-mdx) mice from 16–17 to 24–25 Weeks of Age

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common form of muscle degenerative hereditary disease. Muscular replacement by fibrosis and calcification are the principal causes of progressive and severe musculoskeletal, respiratory, and cardiac dysfunction. To date, the D2.B10-Dmdmdx/J (D2-mdx) model is proposed as the closest to DMD, but the results are controversial. In this study, the cardiac structure and function was characterized in D2-mdx mice from 16–17 up to 24–25 weeks of age. Echocardiographic assessment in conscious mice, gross pathology, and histological and cardiac biomarker analyses were performed. At 16–17 weeks of age, D2-mdx mice presented mild left ventricular function impairment and increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Cardiac fibrosis was more extended in the right ventricle, principally on the epicardium. In 24–25-week-old D2-mdx mice, functional and structural alterations increased but with large individual variation. High-sensitivity cardiac Troponin T, but not N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide, plasma levels were increased. In conclusion, left ventricle remodeling was mild to moderate in both young and adult mice. We confirmed that right ventricle epicardial fibrosis is the most outstanding finding in D2-mdx mice. Further long-term studies are needed to evaluate whether this mouse model can also be considered a model of DMD cardiomyopathy.
Beam‐reconfigurable crescent array antenna with AMC plane

A beam‐reconfigurable crescent array antenna with AMC plane is presented for application at 9.41 GHz. The unit cell of the AMC plane is modeled based on a square patch integrated with rectangular ring slot with mirrored C‐shaped structures, placed between two layers of Taconic TLY‐5 substrate and located near to the main radiating element. The presented AMC design is achieved an operating bandwidth of 2.82 GHz (30%) with a center frequency of 9.41 GHz. It is found that the AMC plane can reduce the thickness of the structure in comparison to the use of a conventional ground plane, which leads to the overall compactness size of the proposed antenna of 1. 1λ × 2. 57λ. Moreover, through the implementation of 12 × 4 AMC unit cell, the proposed antenna improved its performance with a maximum gain and total efficiency of 10.5 dB and 97%, respectively. Meanwhile, the antenna reconfigurability is realized by integrating RF MEMS switches on its right and left arm symmetrically. The presence of a T‐shaped Yagi‐Uda‐like parasitic further widened the beam steering angle to ±63° via mutual coupling. The obtained results demonstrate a good agreement between the simulation and measurement and have a huge potential for development of X‐band radar.
Enhancing the image resolution in a single-pixel sub-THz imaging system based on compressed sensing

Abstract. Compressed sensing (CS) techniques allow for faster imaging when combined with scan architectures, which typically suffer from speed. This technique when implemented with a subterahertz (sub-THz) single detector scan imaging system provides images whose resolution is only limited by the pixel size of the pattern used to scan the image plane. To overcome this limitation, the image of the target can be oversampled; however, this results in slower imaging rates especially if this is done in two-dimensional across the image plane. We show that by implementing a one-dimensional (1-D) scan of the image plane, a modified approach to CS theory applied with an appropriate reconstruction algorithm allows for successful reconstruction of the reflected oversampled image of a target placed in standoff configuration from the source. The experiments are done in reflection mode configuration where the operating frequency is 93 GHz and the corresponding wavelength is λ = 3.2 mm. To reconstruct the image with fewer samples, CS theory is applied using masks where the pixel size is 5 mm × 5 mm, and each mask covers an image area of 5 cm × 5 cm, meaning that the basic image is resolved as 10 × 10 pixels. To enhance the resolution, the information between two consecutive pixels is used, and oversampling along 1-D coupled with a modification of the masks in CS theory allowed for oversampled images to be reconstructed rapidly in 20 × 20 and 40 × 40 pixel formats. These are then compared using two different reconstruction algorithms, TVAL3 and ℓ1-MAGIC. The performance of these methods is compared for both simulated signals and real signals. It is found that the modified CS theory approach coupled with the TVAL3 reconstruction process, even when scanning along only 1-D, allows for rapid precise reconstruction of the oversampled target.