Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relation of Flatfoot Severity with Flexibility and Isometric Strength of the Foot and Trunk Extensors in Children

Background: Flatfoot is a deformity in which the foot is flattened due to a decrease in or loss of the medial longitudinal arch. Statement of the problem: Few studies have investigated the relationship between the severity of flat feet, trunk strength, and joint flexibility. Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the severity of flatfoot and joint flexibility and foot and trunk strength in children with flexible flatfoot. Methods: This study included 16 children (boys, 12; girls, 4; age, 4~8 years) with flexible flatfeet. We examined the resting calcaneal stance position angle (RCSPA) and foot posture index (FPI) scores for clinical severity and radiographic parameters, such as calcaneal pitch angle, talometatarsal angle (TMA), and talocalcaneal angle (TCA). Muscle thicknesses of the tibialis posterior (TP), peroneus longus (PL), and L1 multifidus were measured by sonography. Isometric contraction of ankle inversion, eversion in a seating position, and lumbar extension at a prone position were induced using a handheld dynamometer to measure the maximum muscle strength for each muscle. Beighton’s scoring system was used to assess joint flexibility by evaluating the hyperextension of the joint for each category when performing stretching motion. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient for nonparametric data was used. Results: The FPI showed a moderately negative correlation with the muscle thickness of TP (r = −0.558, p = 0.009) and L1 multifidus (r = −0.527, p = 0.012), and the strength of the ankle inverter (r = −0.580 p = 0.005) and lumbar extensor (r = −0.436 p = 0.043). RCSPA showed a moderately positive correlation with TCA (r = 0.510, p = 0.006). Beighton’s score showed no significant correlation with all parameters. Conclusion: In children with flatfoot, FPI reflected the clinical severity; thus, the more severe the symptoms, the weaker the ankle inverter and lumbar extensor.
A Finite-Difference Scheme for Three-Dimensional Incompressible Flows in Cylindrical Coordinates

A finite-difference scheme for the direct simulation of the incompressible time-dependent three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations in cylindrical coordinates is presented. The equations in primitive variables (vr,v? ,vzandp) are solved by a fractional-step method together with an approximate-factorization technique. Cylindrical coordinates are singular at the axis; the introduction of the radial fluxqr=r·vron a staggered grid simplifies the treatment of the region atr= 0. The method is tested by comparing the evolution of a free vortex ring and its collision with a wall with the theory, experiments, and other numerical results. The formation of a tripolar vortex, where the highest vorticity is atr= 0, is also considered. Finally to emphasize the accurate treatment near the axis, the motion of a Lamb dipole crossing the origin is simulated.
Stationary discord and non-local correlations via qubit damping

By using quantum discord (QD), measurement induced non-locality (MIN) and negativity (QE), quantum correlation and entanglement are investigated for two qubits in two different cases for the initial two qubit Werner states, taking into account the influence of qubit damping. It is shown that there is no asymptotic decay for MIN while asymptotic decay exists for QD and QE. Quantum correlations cannot be strengthened by introducing the damping. The appearance time of stationary correlations gets shorter with the increase in the damping parameter. Finally, a uniform damping qubit can affect the stationary correlations when the qubits are initially in an entangled state.
Valence of YbS under pressure: A resonant inelastic x-ray emission study

We present spectroscopic data on the electronic structure of YbS under pressure. From resonant x-ray emission and x-ray absorption spectra in the high-resolution partial fluorescence yield mode, we find that the Yb valence increases from 2.3 at ambient pressure to 2.6 at 360 kbar. The accuracy of these estimates is enhanced by a combined analysis of emission spectra measured as a function of the incident and emitted energy. The spectral line shapes reflect the mixed character of the electronic states, intermediate between atomic and bandlike.
Herbivory in Myrtillocactus geometrizans (Cactaceae): Do Parasitoids Provide Indirect Defense or a Direct Advantage?

Plants respond to herbivory in diverse, complex ways, ranging from avoidance or tolerance to indirect defense mechanisms such as attracting natural enemies of herbivores, i.e., parasitoids or predators, to strengthen their defense. Defense provided by parasitoids to cultivated plants is well documented and is used in biological control programs. However, its effectiveness on wild plants under natural conditions has been little studied. Such is the case of the cactus Myrtilllocactus geometrizans (known in Mexico as garambullo), which is consumed by the soft-scale insect Toumeyella martinezae (herbivore) which, in turn, is host to the parasitoid wasp Mexidalgus toumeyellus, and mutualist with the ant Liometopum apiculatum, that tenders and protects it. This study explores the role of the parasitoid as an indirect defense, by examining its effect on both the herbivore and the plant, and how this interaction is affected by the presence of the mutualistic ant. We found that scales adversely affect the cactus’ growth, flower, and fruit production, as well as its progeny’s performance, as seedlings from scale-infested garambullo plants were shorter, and it also favors the presence of fungus (sooty mold). The parasitoid responded positively to herbivore abundance, but the presence of ants reduced the intensity of parasitism. Our results show that parasitoids can function as an indirect defense, but their effectiveness is reduced by the presence of the herbivore’s mutualistic ant.
Continual Pedestrian Trajectory Learning With Social Generative Replay

Learning to predict the trajectories of pedestrians is essential for improving safety and efficiency of mobile robots. The prediction is challenging since the robot needs to operate in multiple environments in which the motion patterns of pedestrians are different between environments. Existing pedestrian trajectory prediction models heavily rely on the availability of representative data samples during training. In the presence of additional training data from a new environment, these models must be retrained on all datasets to avoid catastrophic forgetting of the knowledge obtained from the already supported environments. In this paper, we address this catastrophic forgetting problem in the context of learning to predict the trajectories of pedestrians. We propose a pseudo-rehearsal approach based on a novel Generative Replay (GR) model, referred to as Social-GR. The proposed method is consistent with crowd motion patterns and is free of any explicit reference to past experiences. To demonstrate the problem of catastrophic forgetting and evaluate our solution, we develop the Continual Trajectory Prediction Benchmark, which consists of four tasks, each representing a real-world pedestrian trajectory dataset from a different environment. By conducting several experiments, we show that our proposed Social-GR approach significantly outperforms other continual learning methods that depend on explicit experience replay, including the state-of-the-art conditional-GR model. We further illustrate the robustness of our proposed approach to mitigating catastrophic forgetting by switching the order of environments and employing a more complex prediction model.
GP-led adapted comprehensive geriatric assessment for frail older people: a multi-methods evaluation of the ‘Living Well Assessment’ quality improvement project in Scotland

Background Evidence to support comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in primary care for frail older people is limited. Aim To evaluate a GP-led adapted CGA quality improvement project. Design & setting Multi-methods evaluation in a large practice in Midlothian in Scotland. Method The intervention was conducted by 10 GPs in a practice of approximately 11 000 patients, initially in the patient’s home, and then remotely (by telephone or video consultation) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Evaluation included a patient questionnaire, and qualitative interviews with GPs delivering the Living Well Assessment (LWA), analysed by thematic analysis. Results A total of 165/220 (75%) patients responded to the survey, of which 86% reported a ‘very good experience’ of the LWA. The method of delivery did not significantly influence this although most (58%) stated a preference for face-to-face consultation. For the 31% who preferred remote LWA, most (23%) preferred telephone to video consultation (8%). Problems in remote consultations related to technical issues (video), poor vision (video), or deafness (telephone or video). GPs felt that home-based LWAs had real benefits but switching to remote during the pandemic had proven feasible. Concerns included potential increase in GP workload owing to the LWA and whether it was an efficient use of GPs’ time. Conclusion GP-led adapted CGA was feasible in a large practice, even during the pandemic, and highly valued by frail patients. Questions regarding efficient use of GPs’ time, effectiveness in terms of important patient outcomes and impact, and cost-effectiveness, requires further investigation in a larger study.
Effect of Season on Ovulatory Response and Reproductive Performance in Noncyclic Lactating Dairy Cows Synchronized with Ovsynch

The aim of this study was to compare the ovulatory response and reproductive performance after Ovsynch protocol in noncyclic dairy cows during the warm (n = 43) and cool seasons (n = 70). Noncyclic cows (n=113) received Ovsynch protocol; GnRH1 (d 0); PGF2α (d 7); GnRH2 (d 9); FTAI (d 10). Ultrasonographic examinations were performed to determine the preovulatory follicle size (d 0, d 10) and ovulatory response to the GnRH1 (d 7) and GnRH2 (d 17). Follicle size at the onset of Ovsynch was not different in cool season (20.8 ± 0.9 mm) compared to that in warm season (19.1 ± 1.1 mm, P > 0.05). The percentage of small-sized follicles at the onset of Ovsynch was higher (P < 0.05) in warm season (37.2%) than cool season (18.6%). However, follicle size at FTAI was similar (P > 0.05) between warm (15.3 ± 0.3 mm) and cool (15.8 ± 0.3) seasons. Ovulatory response to the GnRH1 and the GnRH2 of Ovsynch were not different during the warm (90.7%, 83.7%) and cool seasons (81.4%, 87.1%), respectively (P > 0.05). Pregnancy rate was also similar (P > 0.05) during the warm (34.9%) and cool seasons (35.7%). Cows that had large-sized follicles at the onset of Ovsynch had a tendency (P = 0.08) for lower pregnancy rate in warm season (12.5%) compared to cool season (52.6%). It was concluded that season did not affect the ovulatory response to the first GnRH and pregnancy rate in noncyclic dairy cows that were synchronized with Ovsynch.
Effect of acoustic coupling on power-law flame acceleration in spherical confinement

A model describing acoustically-generated parametric instability in a spherical chamber is developed for quasi-one-dimensional, low-Mach number flames. We demonstrate how sound waves generated by a centrally-ignited, outwardly-propagating accelerating flamefront can be incorporated into an existing theory of self-similar flame acceleration in free space [V. Akkerman, C. K. Law, and V. Bychkov, “Self-similar accelerative propagation of expanding wrinkled flames and explosion triggering,” Phys. Rev. E 83, 026305 (2011)]10.1103/PhysRevE.83. 026305. Being reflected from the chamber wall, flame-generated acoustics interact with the flamefront and the attendant hydrodynamic flamefront cellular instability. This in turn affects the subsequent flame morphology and propagation speed. It is shown that the acoustics modify the power-law flame acceleration, concomitantly facilitating or inhibiting the transition to detonation in confinement, which allows reconciliation of a discrepancy in experimental measurements of .
Reviewing Assistive Human-Robot Experiences for Inclusive Human-Robot Interaction

Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) and collaboration have gained immense popularity recently, owing to the new mechanisms and advancements in the field of computing and the symbiotic nature of the involved processes. It relates to the ever-dynamic means of communication between humans and robots. Such interactions work both ways, i.e., inputs and commands from humans and the expression of the robot's interpretations. A significant amount of work has been done in this area; however, there are still challenges in assistive human-robot experiences. This study aims to review the literature on assistive robots to bring the current research together, identify persistent gaps and challenges, and recommend ways to enhance human-robot interaction. This paper covers critical aspects of assistive robots in social environments for socio-physical needs and assistance for children and the elderly with special needs. Given advancements in elements like sensor technologies, manufacturing materials, machine learning, control methodologies, and computer capacity, the subject of assistive robots is bound to see tremendous results. The findings in this paper present gaps , issues, and challenges in today’s assistive robots that hinder human-robot interaction. The findings can be used to summarize the current works and provide a base for technological innovations to enhance the interactions between humans and their partner robots.
The Impact of Social Class on Speech and Speech Inventiveness in George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion

The paper analyses the impact of social class on speech and further magical transformation of speech, which refers here speech inventiveness. Pygmalion, which was written by Bernard Shaw and is considered to be one of the most well-known works of contemporary British theater, exploits verbal violence in the guise of common language in order to impose authority over persons who are illiterate. Professor Higgins constantly mistreats the lower class flower girl Liza (Eliza) in the play, but as a result of the phonetic teachings she receives from her, Liza finally goes through a significant social transformation. Liza gains social standing as a consequence of her phonetic education and subsequent language skill improvement, but she also feels alienated because she has left her class as a result of the knowledge she has learned and is not fully welcomed by a different class. To put it another way, Liza's education in phonetics helped her to conform to society and do so, but it did not materially improve her social status.
Ion temperature and x-ray line width measurements of highly charged argon ions in an ECR ion source

In this paper, we show that high-precision x-ray line measurements with a double-crystal spectrometer (DCS) on the plasma of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source can provide an experimental method for the determination of the natural line widths of the measured transitions. This goal can be achieved with full characterization of the response function of the used DCS with the help of a very narrow x-ray line in helium-like argon and a simulation code fully describing the geometry of the source and the DCS.
Single‐cell protein profiling defines cell populations associated with triple‐negative breast cancer aggressiveness

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and complex subtype of breast cancer that lacks targeted therapy. TNBC manifests characteristic, extensive intratumoral heterogeneity that promotes disease progression and influences drug response. Single‐cell techniques in combination with next‐generation computation provide an unprecedented opportunity to identify molecular events with therapeutic potential. Here, we describe the generation of a comprehensive mass cytometry panel for multiparametric detection of 23 phenotypic markers and 13 signaling molecules. This single‐cell proteomic approach allowed us to explore the landscape of TNBC heterogeneity, with particular emphasis on the tumor microenvironment. We prospectively profiled freshly resected tumors from 26 TNBC patients. These tumors contained phenotypically distinct subpopulations of cancer and stromal cells that were associated with the patient's clinical status at the time of surgery. We further classified the epithelial‐mesenchymal plasticity of tumor cells, and molecularly defined phenotypically diverse populations of tumor‐associated stroma. Furthermore, in a retrospective tissue‐microarray TNBC cohort, we showed that the level of CD97 at the time of surgery has prognostic potential.
Genetic diversity analysis of Ghurrah pig based on microsatellite markers

For analysis of genetic variation within Ghurrah, the local pigs of Rohilkhand region was explored using 16 FAOISAG microsatellite markers with 40 genetically unrelated pigs from the native breeding tract. Genomic DNA was isolated and amplified with microsatellite primers labeled with fluorescent dyes and genotyped using genetic analyser. The estimates of various genetic diversity parameters revealed mean number of observed alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne), observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity values, polymorphic information content (PIC) and F-values to be 8. 5Â±0.99, 4. 78Â±0.57, 0. 47Â±0.04 and 0. 74Â±0.05, 0. 74Â±0.04 and 0. 38Â±0.03, respectively. The high PIC value suggested that all the microsatellite markers were highly polymorphic and suitable for molecular characterization of this pig. There was substantial genetic variation and polymorphism across the studied loci. There was absence of genetic bottleneck in the studied population. The medium inbreeding coefficient indicates a need to formulate the appropriate breeding strategies to enhance heterozygosity in the population.
Robust hands‐free speech recognition

When speech recognition technology moves from the laboratory to real‐world applications, there is increasing need for robustness. This paper describes a system of microphone arrays and neural networks (MANN) for robust hands‐free speech recognition. MANN has the advantage that existing speech recognition systems can directly be deployed in practical adverse environments where distant‐talking sound pickup is required. No retraining nor modification of the recognizers is necessary. MANN consists of two synergistic components: (1) signal enhancement by microphone arrays and (2) feature adaptation by neural network computing. High‐quality sound capture by the microphone array enables successful feature adaptation by the neural network to mitigate environmental interference. Through neural network computation, a matched training and testing condition is approximated which typically elevates performance of speech recognition. Both computer‐simulated and real‐room speech input are used to evaluate the capability.
The effectiveness of phototherapy for surface decontamination against SARS‐Cov‐2. A systematic review

COVID‐19 appeared in December 2019, needing efforts of science. Besides, a range of light therapies (photodynamic therapy, ultraviolet [UV], laser) has shown scientific alternatives to conventional decontamination therapies. Investigating the efficacy of light‐based therapies for environment decontamination against SARS‐CoV2, a PRISMA systematic review of Phototherapies against SARS‐CoV or MERS‐CoV species discussing changes in viral RT‐PCR was done. After searching MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and Literatura Latino‐Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde we have found studies about cell cultures irradiation (18), blood components irradiation (10), N95 masks decontamination (03), inanimate surface decontamination (03), aerosols decontamination (03), hospital rooms irradiation (01) with PDT, LED, and UV therapy. The best quality results showed an effective low time and dose UV irradiation for environments and inanimate surfaces without human persons as long as the devices have safety elements dependent on the surfaces, viral charge, humidity, radiant exposure. To interpersonal contamination in humans, PDT or LED therapy seems very promising and are encouraged.
Wrist Proprioception in Adults with and without Subacute Stroke

Proprioception is critical to motor control and functional status but has received limited study early after stroke. Patients admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation facility for stroke (n = 18, mean(±SD) 12.5 ± 6.6 days from stroke) and older healthy controls (n = 19) completed the Wrist Position Sense Test (WPST), a validated, quantitative measure of wrist proprioception, as well as motor and cognitive testing. Patients were serially tested when available (n = 12, mean 11 days between assessments). In controls, mean(±SD) WPST error was 9.7 ± 3.5° in the dominant wrist and 8.8 ± 3.8° in the nondominant wrist (p = 0.31). In patients with stroke, WPST error was 18.6 ± 9° in the more-affected wrist, with abnormal values present in 88.2%; and 11.5 ± 5.6° in the less-affected wrist, with abnormal values present in 72.2%. Error in the more-affected wrist was higher than in the less-affected wrist (p = 0.003) or in the dominant (p = 0.001) and nondominant (p < 0.001) wrist of controls. Age and BBT performance correlated with dominant hand WPST error in controls. WPST error in either wrist after stroke was not related to age, BBT, MoCA, or Fugl-Meyer scores. WPST error did not significantly change in retested patients. Wrist proprioception deficits are common, bilateral, and persistent in subacute stroke and not explained by cognitive or motor deficits.
Electric field modulation spectroscopy by scanning tunneling microscopy with a nanometer-scale resolution

Instrumentation has been devised by coupling electric field modulation spectroscopy (EFMS) with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) that enables the investigation of electronic band structures in semiconductors with a nanometer-scale spatial resolution. Model experiments using low-temperature-grown GaAs (LT–GaAs) epifilms show that a difference as small as 0.01 eV in electronic energy gaps between the GaAs substrate and the LT–GaAs epilayers can be distinguished in the EFMS spectra, demonstrating the high energy, as well as spatial, resolution of the STM–EFMS.
Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Glucose and Cognitive Tests in Long COVID Patients

Background: Common long-term sequelae after COVID-19 include fatigue and cognitive impairment. Although symptoms interfere with daily living, the underlying pathology is largely unknown. Previous studies report relative hypometabolism in frontal, limbic and cerebellar regions suggesting focal brain involvement. We aimed to determine whether absolute hypometabolism was present and correlated to same day standardized neurocognitive testing. Methods: Fourteen patients included from a long COVID clinic had cognitive testing and quantitative dynamic [18F]FDG PET of the brain on the same day to correlate cognitive function to metabolic glucose rate. Results: We found no hypometabolism in frontal, limbic and cerebellar regions in cognitively impaired relative to cognitive intact patients. In contrast, the cognitive impaired patients showed higher cerebellar metabolism (p = 0.03), which correlated with more severe deficits in working memory and executive function (p = 0.03). Conclusions: Hypermetabolism in the cerebellum may reflect inefficient brain processing and play a role in cognitive impairments after COVID-19.