Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The simulation of four non-isolated DC boost circuits

DC boost circuits are widely used in the design of various power equipments. Because the efficiency and cost advantages of non-isolated boost circuits, people researched and developed them continuously. In this paper, we simulated four non-isolated boost circuits, and then we analyzed and compared their step-up ratio, the voltage and current stresses of power devices, the turn-off losses of diode, applications etc. Through the series of simulations, we can easily understand the advantages of various boost circuits, and they have a certain significance in designing the DC boost circuits.
Circuits, pebbling and expressibility

Characterizations of nondeterministic complexity classes such as NP and PSPACE and the classes in the polynomial-time hierarchy in the two-person pebble game model are given. It is shown that the role-switches resource in the pebble games closely models the levels of the polynomial hierarchy. These characterizations are made possible by explicitly considering circuit size in the pebbling characterizations and the size of the underlying universe in the first-order characterizations. A dual interpreted game to model parallel computations was defined by H. Venkateswaran et al. (1986). They used this game to obtain characterizations of parallel complexity classes such as LOGCFL and AC/sup 1/. This result is extended to obtain characterizations of the class NP and the classes in the polynomial-time hierarchy in the game model. The role switches resource was used in the dual game to capture the difference between computations in the classes LOGCFL and AC/sup 1/. It is shown that role-switches model the alternating time hierarchy more accurately, and thus their collapse implies the collapse of hierarchies such as the polynomial-time hierarchy. Specifically, it is shown that the kth level of the polynomial-time hierarchy uses k-1 role-switches. <<ETX>>
La structure thème-rhème pour l'ordonnancement de documents en recherche d'information

La recherche d’information fait souvent l’hypothese que les documents pertinents sont « a propos de la requete ; la requete est ainsi supposee refleter le besoin d’information de l’utilisateur de facon appropriee. La plupart des moteurs de recherche fait l’hypothese que le fait d’etre « a propos de peut etre mesure par l’appariement des termes du document et ceux de la requete selon une representation par sac de mots. Cependant, les modeles existants ne sont pas capables de capter la distribution entre l’information deja connue et l’information nouvelle apportee par l’enonce. L’objectif principal de ce papier est de proposer l’utilisation de la structure theme–rheme pour le re-ordonnancement de documents en recherche d’information. Nous avons analyse manuellement la structure theme–rheme des documents issus de trois collections : Wikipedia, TREC Robust et WT10G. Grâce a cette analyse, nous avons introduit une methode completement automatique pour annoter la structure informationnelle. Elle s’appuie sur l’hypothese que le theme a tendance a etre positionne au debut des phrases. La structure theme–rheme est identifiee automatiquement a partir des premiers documents retrouves qui sont re-ordonnes selon cette structure integree dans le formalisme BM25F. Cette methode n’exige qu’une analyse syntaxique de surface, a savoir le decoupage en phrases et le balisage des parties de discours. L’evaluation sur les collections TREC montre que notre methode ameliore significativement les resultats de recherche d’information par rapport aux systemes de l’etat de l’art.
One Egg per Day Improves Inflammation when Compared to an Oatmeal-Based Breakfast without Increasing Other Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Diabetic Patients

There is concern that egg intake may increase blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, we have previously shown that eggs reduce inflammation in patients at risk for T2DM, including obese subjects and those with metabolic syndrome. Thus, we hypothesized that egg intake would not alter plasma glucose in T2DM patients when compared to oatmeal intake. Our primary endpoints for this clinical intervention were plasma glucose and the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin 6 (IL-6). As secondary endpoints, we evaluated additional parameters of glucose metabolism, dyslipidemias, oxidative stress and inflammation. Twenty-nine subjects, 35–65 years with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values <9% were recruited and randomly allocated to consume isocaloric breakfasts containing either one egg/day or 40 g of oatmeal with 472 mL of lactose-free milk/day for five weeks. Following a three-week washout period, subjects were assigned to the alternate breakfast. At the end of each period, we measured all primary and secondary endpoints. Subjects completed four-day dietary recalls and one exercise questionnaire for each breakfast period. There were no significant differences in plasma glucose, our primary endpoint, plasma lipids, lipoprotein size or subfraction concentrations, insulin, HbA1c, apolipoprotein B, oxidized LDL or C-reactive protein. However, after adjusting for gender, age and body mass index, aspartate amino-transferase (AST) (p < 0.05) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (p < 0.01), one of our primary endpoints were significantly reduced during the egg period. These results suggest that compared to an oatmeal-based breakfast, eggs do not have any detrimental effects on lipoprotein or glucose metabolism in T2DM. In contrast, eggs reduce AST and TNF-α in this population characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation.
A New Balancing Algorithm of Neutral-Point Potential in the Three-Level NPC Converters

The neutral-point (NP) potential of the three-level neutral-point-clamped converters is needed to maintain balanced. Zero-sequence voltage is the only freedom degree when carrier-based PWM is utilized. Appropriate zero-sequence voltage should be identified to control the NP potential. The relationship between the neutral current and injected zero- sequence voltage is studied comprehensively, and a balancing algorithm of NP potential by adopting interpolation method is presented. The theoretical optimum zero-sequence voltage for controlling NP potential can be obtained by the proposed algorithm. Simulation and experimental results are shown to verify the validity and practicability of the algorithm.
Mutations in transmembrane segment VIJ of the AT1 receptor differentiate between closely related insurmountable and competitive angiotensin antagonists

Chimeric constructs between the human and the Xenopus laevis AT1 receptor have demonstrated, that the binding of non‐peptide angiotensin antagonists is dependent on non‐conserved residues located deep in transmembrane segment VII of the AT1 receptor. Here we have studied four pairs of closely related antagonists each consisting of a competitive and an insurmountable compound differentiated by one out of three different types of minor chemical modifications. None of the antagonists bound to the Xenopus receptor and the binding of all of the compounds to the human receptor was severely impaired by the introduction of non‐conserved residues from transmembrane segment VII of the Xenopus receptor. In all four pairs of antagonists the competitive compound was affected more by these substitutions than the corresponding insurmountable one (209 vs. 22, 281 vs. 29, 290 vs. 29 and 992 vs. 325‐fold increase in K i values). A similar pattern was observed in response to substitution of a single non‐conserved residue in transmembrane segment VII, Asn295 to Ser. These results indicate that a common molecular mechanism distinguishes the interaction of insurmountable and competitive antagonists with the AT1 receptor.
Educating the Reflective Educator: Design Processes and Digital Fabrication for the Classroom

Design thinking and digital technologies are increasingly introduced in education to develop children's design literacy. This shift demands a change in teachers' mindsets, capabilities and approaches to design and technology as well as new teaching practices. This paper reports on a research-based master's course developed to address and study the challenges that educators experience when teaching design in K-12 classes. We investigate three aspects that we argue are crucial when developing teachers' capability to teach design literacy to children: (1) ability to navigate a complex design process, (2) managing digital and analogue design materials and (3) balancing different modes of teaching. This paper demonstrates how a combination of design theory, in-school practice and peer-to-peer learning created a framework towards educating design educators -- a framework that allowed us to investigate K-12 teachers' development of core competencies for bringing design and digital fabrication to diverse students. In addition, the study shows how the framework can facilitate and support co-development of new teaching practices.
On path errors of redundant robots in fault tolerant operations for locked joint failures

While a redundant robot is still able to continue the desired task in the presence of locked joint failures, its end-effector error both at the instant of locking joint and in post-failure operations will increase obviously. This work discusses the path error of a redundant robot in fault tolerant operations for locked-joint failures. First, the analytical formula of the optimal joint velocity with minimum jump is derived, and a new fault tolerant algorithm with the minimum jump is proposed. Then, the jump difference between the minimum jump solution and the least-norm velocity solution is mathematically analyzed. Finally numerical simulations and experimental studies are implemented with a planar 3R robot for the two algorithms. Study results indicate that the increase of the path error at the instant of locking joint mainly depends on the joint velocity jump; the increase of the path error in post-failure operations mainly depends on the joint velocity of the reduced robot. The new algorithm proposed in this paper can be used to reduce the path error at the instant of locking joint.
Real-time ECG monitoring and arrhythmia detection using Android-based mobile devices

We developed an application for Android™-based mobile devices that allows real-time electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring and automated arrhythmia detection by analyzing ECG parameters. ECG data provided by pre-recorded files or acquired live by accessing a Shimmer™ sensor node via Bluetooth™ can be processed and evaluated. The application is based on the Pan-Tompkins algorithm for QRS-detection and contains further algorithm blocks to detect abnormal heartbeats. The algorithm was validated using the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia and MIT-BIH Supraventricular Arrhythmia databases. More than 99% of all QRS complexes were detected correctly by the algorithm. Overall sensitivity for abnormal beat detection was 89.5% with a specificity of 80.6%. The application is available for download and may be used for real-time ECG-monitoring on mobile devices.
Asac 2007 Punit Anand (mba Student)

Neural Networks (NNs) are increasingly being used in various financial applications, from stock and option valuations to credit card fraud detections and financial market simulations. What started as a simple model to understand ‘neurons’ or the brain cells in the 1940s has led to the development of a new branch of mathematics and algorithms that are being applied to both model and optimize nonlinear business problems that have extensive and large data bases.
Vehicle Tracking Using Particle Filter in Wi-Fi Network

Location tracking for vehicle plays a key role in increasing road safety and transportation efficiency. In this paper, a Wi-Fi based real-time tracking system which can work in both indoor and outdoor environments is presented. The proposed system estimates the location of vehicle using the Received Signal Strength (RSS) fingerprints of transmitted Wi-Fi Access Points (APs) and Particle Filter (PF). A simple, effective approach based on Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) is designed to build fingerprints database effectively. Outdoor experiments have been carried out to investigate the usefulness of IDW and PF. Experiment results show that a tracking system based on Wi-Fi signals is able to give a position estimate of moving vehicle in real time, and that it can be significantly enhanced by PF compared with by Kalman Filter (KF).
Merging Nursing Teams? Key Points to Implement

Retention of nurses is essential to manage turnover costs and nursing shortages. An area that has remained relatively unstudied is the impact and success of inpatient nursing mergers. A single site qualitative descriptive triangulated case study research design was developed to explore the overarching strategy in an intra-hospital merger of clinical units that included leadership tactics and strategies and the structure of the merger process that affected the success of merging the two units. One-on-one interviews were held with management, leadership, and staff nurses. Pattern matching was performed for each interview question to triangulate similarities and find connections among the interviewed groups. Seven themes resulted from the analysis and eleven initial recommendations resulted from triangulating the three groups’ responses which led to the final nine recommendations regarding intra-hospital unit mergers. Findings include new information for nurse managers to utilize during intra-hospital unit mergers to decrease complications during the process and increase the overall success of the merger.
Topic continuity in discourse : a quantitative cross-language study

1. Topic continuity in discourse: An introduction (by Givon, T.) 2. Topic continuity in Japanese (by Hinds, John) 3. Topic continuity in written Amharic narrative (by Gasser, M.) 4. Topic continuity and word-order pragmatics in Ute (by Givon, T.) 5. Topic continuity in biblical Hebrew narrative (by Fox, A.) 6. Topic continuity and discontinuity in discourse: A study of spoken Latin-American Spanish (by Bentivoglio, Paola) 7. Topic continuity in written English narrative (by Brown, C.) 8. Topic continuity in spoken English (by Givon, T.) 9. Some dimensions of topic-NP continuity in Hausa narrative (by Jaggar, P.) 10. Topic continuity and the voicing system of an ergative language: Chamorro (by Cooreman, Ann) 11. Index of names
BORC coordinates encounter and fusion of lysosomes with autophagosomes

ABSTRACT Whereas the mechanisms involved in autophagosome formation have been extensively studied for the past 2 decades, those responsible for autophagosome-lysosome fusion have only recently begun to garner attention. In this study, we report that the multisubunit BORC complex, previously implicated in kinesin-dependent movement of lysosomes toward the cell periphery, is required for efficient autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Knockout (KO) of BORC subunits causes not only juxtanuclear clustering of lysosomes, but also increased levels of the autophagy protein LC3B-II and the receptor SQSTM1. Increases in LC3B-II occur without changes in basal MTORC1 activity and autophagy initiation. Instead, LC3B-II accumulation largely results from decreased lysosomal degradation. Further experiments show that BORC KO impairs both the encounter and fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Reduced encounters result from an inability of lysosomes to move toward the peripheral cytoplasm, where many autophagosomes are formed. However, BORC KO also reduces the recruitment of the HOPS tethering complex to lysosomes and assembly of the STX17-VAMP8-SNAP29 trans-SNARE complex involved in autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Through these dual roles, BORC integrates the kinesin-dependent movement of lysosomes toward autophagosomes with HOPS-dependent autophagosome-lysosome fusion. These findings reveal a requirement for lysosome dispersal in autophagy that is independent of changes in MTORC1 signaling, and identify BORC as a novel regulator of autophagosome-lysosome fusion.
Efficient MLP digital implementation on FPGA

The efficiency and the accuracy of a digital feedforward neural networks must be optimized to obtain both high classification rate and minimum area on chip. In this paper an efficient MLP digital implementation. The key features of the hardware implementation are the virtual neuron based architecture and the use of the sinusoidal activation function for the hidden layer. The effectiveness of the proposed solutions has been evaluated developing different FPGA based neural prototypes for the high energy physics domain and the automatic road sign recognition domain. The use of the sinusoidal activation function decreases hardware resource employment of about 32% when compared with the standard sigmoid based neuron implementation. The virtual neuron implementation makes efficient the mapping of a neural network into hardware devices since it leads to a significant decreasing of concurrent memory access.
Food Taboos, Diet, and Hunting Strategy: The Adaptation to Animals in Amazon Cultural Ecology [and Comments and Reply]

The issue of food prohibitions on such Amazonian game animals as deer is examined from an ecological perspective, in contrast to previous symbolic or structuralist views on this subject. Examined in conjunction with settlement pattern, technology, animal behavior, and habitat productivity, which together determine the food-extraction potential of a population, the avoidance of certain inherently edible species by characterizing them as inebible is seen as selective use of the environment to resolve the relative costs and benefits of alternative procurement options through a strategy of optimum yield. It is shown how the interaction of technoeconomic variables and the differential biotic potential of various species produces a particular set of cultural assumptions about the edibility of such animals and that such selectivity represents a cost-effective strategy of protein acquisition and not a merely metaphysical product.
Mental toughness in sport: A review

Abstract Athletes, coaches, and applied sports psychologists have consistently referred to mental toughness as one of the most important psychological characteristics related to outcomes and success in elite sport, although researchers have, until recently, devoted little time to studying this concept. This review considers some of the emerging definitions and conceptualizations, and examines how mental toughness might be developed in performers. Qualitative and quantitative approaches to the study of mental toughness are evaluated, and developments in measuring this important concept are discussed. Research that has examined the relationship between mental toughness, performance, and perception are also reviewed. Future directions for research are offered.
Concurrent determination of enzymatic activities and substrate concentrations in the melatonin synthetic pathway within the same rat pineal gland

This study details the procedures involved in measuring a number of the components of indole metabolism within the pineal gland. Tryptophan, 5‐hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, N‐acetylserotonin, melatonin, 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid, N‐acetyltransferase (NAT) activity, and hydroxyindole‐O‐methyltransferase activity were measured by a combination of three techniques, which included microassays, radioimmunoassay, and high‐performance liquid chromatography. Determination of the melatonin synthetic pathway components within the same gland reduces the number of animals needed for studies and allows correlations between these constituents to be calculated. Very high degrees of correlation (r=0.91−0.99) are seen between those compounds which exhibit significant rhythms (serotonin, NAT activity, N‐acetylserotonin, and melatonin) when group means are compared. When correlations are calculated on a per‐animal basis throughout the experiment, moderate to high degrees of correlation (r=0.57−0.79) are found among those components that exhibit rhythms. However, when correlations are determined on a per‐animal basis at each time point, no significant correlations are found. One hypothesis accounting for these differences may be that changes occur in indole metabolism within the same pineal gland over a period of a few minutes.
LGI1 tunes intrinsic excitability by regulating the density of axonal Kv1 channels

Significance Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) is a secreted neuronal protein associated in a multiprotein complex with Kv1 channels. Natural mutations in this protein are found in the early-adulthood–onset disorder “autosomal dominant epilepsy with auditory features” and animal models with Lgi1 genetic deletion display spontaneous seizures. We investigated the potential link between LGI1 depletion and intrinsic neuronal excitability. We found that LGI1 determines neuronal excitability in CA3 pyramidal neurons through the control of axonal Kv1-channel expression. Genetic deletion of Lgi1 induces a robust diminution in Kv1 channels, especially in axons where they colocalize with LGI1, very likely contributing to epileptogenesis. These results strongly suggest that LGI1 controls neuronal excitability by regulating Kv1-channel expression. Autosomal dominant epilepsy with auditory features results from mutations in leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1), a soluble glycoprotein secreted by neurons. Animal models of LGI1 depletion display spontaneous seizures, however, the function of LGI1 and the mechanisms by which deficiency leads to epilepsy are unknown. We investigated the effects of pure recombinant LGI1 and genetic depletion on intrinsic excitability, in the absence of synaptic input, in hippocampal CA3 neurons, a classical focus for epileptogenesis. Our data indicate that LGI1 is expressed at the axonal initial segment and regulates action potential firing by setting the density of the axonal Kv1.1 channels that underlie dendrotoxin-sensitive D-type potassium current. LGI1 deficiency incurs a >50% down-regulation of the expression of Kv1.1 and Kv1.2 via a posttranscriptional mechanism, resulting in a reduction in the capacity of axonal D-type current to limit glutamate release, thus contributing to epileptogenesis.
Integrin α 6 B β 1 is involved in kidney tubulogenesis in vitro

Laminin-1 has previously been shown to be of major importance for the development of kidney tubules. Antibodies against fragments E8 and E3 of laminin-1 perturb kidney development in vitro. We here studied expression of integrins α6β1 and α6β4, two known laminin receptors, during kidney development. Integrin β1 subunit could be detected by immunofluorescence on all cell types of embryonic mouse kidney, but we could not detect integrin β4 subunit in embryonic kidney by immunofluorescence or by in situ hybridization. The presence of integrin α6 subunit in all epithelia of embryonic kidney was demonstrated by immunofluorescence and by in situ hybridization. RT-PCR showed that α6B is the major splice variant in embryonic kidney. During in vitro conversion of nephrogenic mesenchyme to epithelial tubules, a strong increase in the expression of the 6 kb mRNA for α6 integrin subunit was seen by northern blotting at the onset of epithelial morphogenesis, on day two of culture. Immunoprecipitation of extracts from embryonic kidney with antibodies against α6 subunit yielded bands corresponding to the expected size of β1 integrin subunit but not of β4 subunit. Monoclonal antibodies against either α6 or β1 subunit but not against E-cadherin blocked kidney tubulogenesis in vitro. This suggests that integrin α6Bβ1 is involved in kidney tubulogenesis in vitro. Another possibility is that the antibodies against integrin α6 and β1 subunit cause abnormal signalling by the integrin.