Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Dependence of Dark Halo Clustering on Formation Epoch and Concentration Parameter

We examine the age dependence of dark matter halo clustering at an unprecedented accuracy using a set of seven high-resolution cosmological simulations, each with N = 10243 particles. We measure the bias parameters for halos over a large mass range using the cross-power-spectrum method that can effectively suppress the random noise, even in the sparse sampling of the most massive halos. This enables us to find, for the first time, that younger halos are more strongly clustered than older ones for halo masses M > 10M*, where M* is the characteristic nonlinear mass scale. For M < M*, our results confirm the previous finding of Gao et al. that older halos are clustered more strongly than the younger ones. We also study the halo bias as a function of halo concentration, and find that the concentration dependence is weaker than the age dependence for M < M*, but stronger for M ≳ 50M*. The accurate and robust measurement of the age dependences of halo bias points to a limitation of the simple excursion-set theory, which predicts that the formation and structure of a halo of given mass is independent of its environment.
Authentication Vector Management for UMTS

In Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), the security function provides mutual authenticity and key agreement between the core network and the Mobile Station (MS). Specifically, the Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) in the core network obtains an array of Authentication Vectors (AVs) from the Home Subscriber Server/Authentication Center (HSS/AuC), and consumes one AV for each mutual authentication. After the departure of the MS, the SGSN may keep the unused AVs for a time interval called the Reservation Timeout (RT) period. If the MS returns within the RT period, the SGSN uses the stored AVs for mutual authentication instead of obtaining new AVs from the HSS/AuC. Note that a long RT period results in fewer accesses to the HSS/AuC at the cost of extra AV storage in the SGSN. In this paper, we propose an analytic model to investigate the impact of the RT period on the system performance. Our study provides the guidelines for the mobile operators to select an appropriate RT period.
An update on biostatistics requirements in U.S. medical schools

PURPOSE: To update the results of previous surveys of medical schools in the United States concerning their courses in introductory biostatistics and to acquire additional information about these courses. METHOD: In 1993, the authors sent a questionnaire to each of the 125 U.S. medical schools listed in the 1992-93 AAMC Directory of American Education. The questionnaire sought information about biostatistics courses and the subjects covered therein. RESULTS: One hundred of the 125 medical schools (80%) responded to the survey. Of those, 74 required a course in biostatistics as part of their undergraduate medical curriculum. The courses had large enrollments (median, 134) and a median of only 20 hours of instructional time. Most courses included a large amount of material, with 25 possible topics covered by at least 75% of the schools with required courses. CONCLUSION: While efforts have been made to incorporate innovative instructional techniques into these courses, most still follow the traditional lecture format and make minimal use of computers. Nevertheless, medical students appeared to have a favorable attitude toward these courses at over half of the schools surveyed.
Study on the Preparation and Micro Structure of the Mg Containing Porous HA with Ultra-Fine Grain

The Nano-HA powder were synthesized by chemical precipitation with Ca(H2PO4)2•H2O and Ca (OH)2 and porous HA was prepared by sintering with magnesium as pore-creator. Nano-HA powder and porous HA were characterized by wide angle X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy(TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), SEM in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The experimental results show that HA powder synthesized by chemical precipitation is nanometer powder. Magnesium was ideal pore-creator for preparation of porous materials. The grain size of porous HA was sub-micron and MgO which existed in the grain boundary of HA as a second phase particles that played the roles of inhibiting the HA grain growth.
LKHW: a directed diffusion-based secure multicast scheme for wireless sensor networks

In this paper, we present a mechanism for securing group communications in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). First, we derive an extension of logical key hierarchy (LKH). Then we merge the extension with directed diffusion. The resulting protocol, LKHW, combines the advantages of both LKH and directed diffusion: robustness in routing, and security from the tried and tested concepts of secure multicast. In particular, LKHW enforces both backward and forward secrecy, while incurring an energy cost that scales roughly logarithmically with the group size. This is the first security protocol that leverages directed diffusion, and we show how directed diffusion can be extended to incorporate security in an efficient manner.
A continuous mechanobiological model of lateral inhomogeneous biological surfaces

Thin elastic surfaces containing molecules influencing the mechanical properties of the surface itself are wide spreaded structures of dierent scales in biological systems. Prominent examples are bilayer membranes and cell tissues. In this paper we present a continuous dynamical model of deforming lateral inhomogeneous surfaces, using the example of biological membranes. In agreement with experimental observations the membrane consists of different molecule species undergoing lateral phase separation and influencing the mechanical properties of the membrane. The presented model is based on the minimization of a free energy leading to a coupled nonlinear PDE system of fourth order, related to the Willmore flow and the Cahn-Hilliard equation. First simulations show the development of budding structures from stochastic initial conditions as a result of the gradient flow, which is comparable to experimentally observed structures. In our model mechanical properties are described via macroscopic mechanical moduli. However, the qualitative and quantitative relationships of mechanical moduli and the local composition of the membrane are unkown. Since the exact relationship significantly influences the emerging structures, this study motivates the development of techniques allowing for upscaling from the molecular scale.
Crossing Stars in Topological Graphs

Let G be a graph without loops or multiple edges drawn in the plane. It is shown that, for any k, if G has at least Ckn edges and n vertices, then it contains three sets of k edges, such that every edge in any of the sets crosses all edges in the other two sets. Furthermore, two of the three sets can be chosen such that all k edges in the set have a common vertex.
Human Parvovirus B19

Parvovirus B19 is a single-stranded DNA virus. Because replication only occurs in human erythrocyte precursors, this virus is classified as a member of the Erythrovirus genus of the Parvoviridae family. Parvovirus B19 is a common cause of infection in children with the usual time of acquisition being during the school-age time period. Serologic evidence of past infection increases substantially between the ages of 5 and 15, by adulthood, to 30–60% of people are seropositive. Infection appears to confer lifelong immunity to immunocompetent hosts (1).
Forming process and damping properties of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer concrete

Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer concrete has good damping property that can be used to produce machine tool beds, spindle boxes, and some other basic mechanical components in order to better satisfy the requirement of high-speed and high-precision machining accuracy. In order to get the influence of different components, the damping model is built on the basis of energy dissipation theory and the damping loss factor is defined as a new parameter to characterize the damping property. Typical samples are prepared and single factor experiments of fiber length, fiber dosage, coal ash’s usage, and different surface treatment of carbon fibers are used to validate the aforementioned assumptions. Research results show that the coal ash used in carbon fiber-reinforced polymer concrete plays an important role in enhancing damping. A weak interface bonding condition can get a better damping performance than a strong one. The best damping performance is consistent with reasonable fiber length and its dosage.
Semi-supervised support vector machines for data classification with uncertainty

The theory of support vector machines (SVMs) is a new classification technique and has drawn much attention in recent years. The good generalization ability of SVMs is achieved by finding a large margin between two classes. The theory of SVMs has been shown to provide higher performance than traditional learning machines in many applications. However, there are some limitations which restrict its application, for example, it is required every input must be labelled and exactly assigned to one of these two classes without any uncertainty. Sometimes these requirements are too restrictive to be used in practice. In this paper, suppose we are given a set of datasets in which only part of the two-class data is labelled. The labelled input may not exactly belong to any one, but belong to the positive class with a certain probability and/or also belong to the negative class with a certain probability. We propose a new SVMs model to solve the above classification problem. One algorithm has been derived. Some experiments, including an application to monitoring and diagnosing two types of energy loss for utility boilers are presented. The new model extends the application horizon of SVMs greatly
Massive mortality of aspen following severe drought along the southern edge of the Canadian boreal forest

Drought‐induced, regional‐scale dieback of forests has emerged as a global concern that is expected to escalate under model projections of climate change. Since 2000, drought of unusual severity, extent, and duration has affected large areas of western North America, leading to regional‐scale dieback of forests in the southwestern US. We report on drought impacts on forests in a region farther north, encompassing the transition between boreal forest and prairie in western Canada. A central question is the significance of drought as an agent of large‐scale tree mortality and its potential future impact on carbon cycling in this cold region. We used a combination of plot‐based, meteorological, and remote sensing measures to map and quantify aboveground, dead biomass of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) across an 11.5 Mha survey area where drought was exceptionally severe during 2001–2002. Within this area, a satellite‐based land cover map showed that aspen‐dominated broadleaf forests occupied 2.3 Mha. Aerial surveys revealed extensive patches of severe mortality (>55%) resembling the impacts of fire. Dead aboveground biomass was estimated at 45 Mt, representing 20% of the total aboveground biomass, based on a spatial interpolation of plot‐based measurements. Spatial variation in percentage dead biomass showed a moderately strong correlation with drought severity. In the prairie‐like, southern half of the study area where the drought was most severe, 35% of aspen biomass was dead, compared with an estimated 7% dead biomass in the absence of drought. Drought led to an estimated 29 Mt increase in dead biomass across the survey area, corresponding to 14 Mt of potential future carbon emissions following decomposition. Many recent, comparable episodes of drought‐induced forest dieback have been reported from around the world, which points to an emerging need for multiscale monitoring approaches to quantify drought effects on woody biomass and carbon cycling across large areas.
Smile Detector Based on the Motion of Face Reference Points Bachelor

Human and computer interaction is without doubt a really important part of our modern society. In order to improve it even further it is possible to develop computer systems that react to gestures or facial expressions of its user. Smiling is an expression that gives probably the most information about a person. In this thesis we describe an algorithm that understands when a person is smiling. To achieve that we first detect a face of a person using the Viola-Jones algorithm. After that several facial reference points are located and then tracked across several consequent frames using optical flow. The motion of these points is analyzed and the face is classified as smiling or not smiling.
Effect of volatile fatty acids on Salmonella typhimurium

It has been established for many years that volatile fatty acids have an inhibitory or bactericidal effect on a number of bacterial species. D. J. Hentges (3) noted that shigellae were inhibited when grown in association with Klebsiella sp. He identified the compounds responsible for this inhibition as formic acid and acetic acid, products of the metabolism of Klebsiella. In a In order to define the conditions affecting the sensitivity of S. typhimurium to volatile fatty acids, the following experiments were performed. In all experiments the inoculum of S. typhimurium was prepared by diluting a 24-hr nutrient broth culture to provide an initial level of 5 X 103 to 5 x 104 cells per ml in the test solution. The test solutions consisted of a nutrient broth base to
Product specific security features based on RFID technology

In today's business, there is a growing problem of product counterfeiting and piracy. Criminals have considerable expertise and resources that enable them to produce and sell counterfeits of products. The proposed solution aims at providing unique and secure authentication mechanisms of a given item, in order to distinguish between genuine products and counterfeits. As underlying technology, the approach utilizes RFID technology: transponders hold unique and cryptographically secured data that uniquely binds a given product to a given tag, and thus makes duplication or re-application of tags difficult
Agent-Based Simulation as a Tool for the Design of a Virtual Training Environment

Virtual training is a relatively novel field in which human beings learn to perform certain tasks by repeatedly executing them in a virtual reality environment. To make such training environments more effective, the agent paradigm has proven to be a useful tool. By conceptualising a training system as a 'virtual tutor', the system may be able to support the trainee in a similar manner as human instructors do, among others by providing personalised feedback and adaptive training material. The current paper describes a project that has as aim to develop a virtual training environment for decision making under stress, targeted at professionals in the public domain. The main contribution is two-fold: first, a global overview of the project is presented. Second, a formal approach is put forward for the design of the training environment, based on agent-based simulation and verification. By generating a computational model of the envisioned system and formally analysing the resulting simulation runs, the behaviour of the system can be studied before its actual implementation, thus providing a method for rapid prototyping.
Lie group structures on groups of diffeomorphisms and applications to CR manifolds

Nous donnons des conditions suffisantes pour qu'un sous-groupe donne du groupe des diffeomorphismes d'une variete indefiniment differentiable ou reelle analytique ait une structure compatible de groupe de Lie. En utilisant ces resultats, ainsi que des travaux recents concernant la parametrisation des automorphismes CR par leur jets en un point et leur systemes complets, nous donnons des conditions sous lesquelles le groupe des automorphismes CR globaux d'une variete CR est un groupe de Lie relativement a une topologie appropriee.
The mitochondrial protease HtrA 2 is regulated by Parkinson ’ s disease associated kinase PINK 1

1 Signal Transduction, 2 Structural Biology and 3 Protein Analysis Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK. 4 Cell Death Regulation Laboratory, MRC Toxicology Unit, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK. 5 Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK. 6 Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK. 7 These authors contributed equally to this work 8 Corresponding authors: e-mail. julian.downward@cancer.org. uk Tel. (44) 20 7269 3533, Fax. (44) 20 7269 3094 e-mail. lmm24@leicester.ac. uk Tel. (44) 116 252 5533, Fax. (44) 116 252 5616
Ontology Learning and Its Application to Automated Terminology Translation

Our OntoLearn system is an infrastructure for automated ontology learning from domain text. It is the only system, as far as we know, that uses natural language processing and machine learning techniques, and is part of a more general ontology engineering architecture. We describe the system and an experiment in which we used a machine-learned tourism ontology to automatically translate multiword terms from English to Italian. The method can apply to other domains without manual adaptation.
Investigating performance of power-aware routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) must contemplate energy-constrained operations due to the nodes' strong dependency on batteries. Recently, we noticed the advent of studies to address the energy issue in MANETs. We compare the three most relevant proposals: minimum total transmission power routing (MTPR); min-max battery cost routing (MMBCR); conditional max-min battery capacity routing (CMMBCR). MTPR attempts to reduce the total transmission power consumed per packet, while MMBCR tries to consider the remaining battery power of nodes in order to prolong the lifetime of each node. Finally, CMMBCR is a hybrid protocol that tries to arbitrate between MTPR and MMBCR. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first simulation study to compare the three protocols with various MANET scenarios subject to variable mobility and network density using the ns-2 simulator. Through the simulation, we also show the importance of energy consumption due to overhearing when developing power-aware protocols for MANETs.
Pulsed dye laser treatment of vascular lesions in children.

BACKGROUND The flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser (577,585 nm) with 300 to 450 microseconds pulsewidths has been demonstrated to effectively and safely treat port-wine stains, telangiectases, and superficial hemangiomas in children. OBJECTIVE The objective of this manuscript is to review the indications of the pulsed dye laser in the treatment of vascular lesions in children. CONCLUSION Pulsed dye laser treatment of port-wine stains can remove or lighten the lesions with multiple treatment sessions. Spider telangiectases respond with complete resolution, usually within one to two treatment sessions. Superficial hemangiomas respond quite easily and effectively with the pulsed dye laser, while a more variable response is noted in deeper hemangiomas, early proliferative lesions, and ulcerated hemangiomas. This procedure is safe with a low incidence of scarring and pigmentary alteration.
Analysis and machine-learning based detection of outlier measurements of ultra-wideband in an obstructed environment

Indoor positioning technologies have been widely used in many industrial applications such as intelligent inventory management and assembly control. Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) can provide sub-metre level positioning accuracy at a distance of several dozen metres with high robustness. However, UWB measurements can be contaminated by reflected, refracted and deflected signal in practice, the contaminated measurements are outliers in data processing and degrade the positioning performance if they are not treated properly. In indoor environments, UWB signals may penetrate some structures/materials and these refracted signals are outliers in data processing for position determination. This paper investigates the statistical distribution of errors due to refracted/penetrated signals. Classification and Regression random forests are used to detect outlier measurements and apply error mitigation, respectively. Two datasets are collected to cross-validate the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method can achieve a detection accuracy of about 80%. Besides, the datasets show that rejecting detected outlier measurements and applying error mitigation can improve distance measurement accuracy by 80%.
Weissella confusa: problems with identification of an opportunistic pathogen that has been found in fermented foods and proposed as a probiotic

Weissella confusa is found in fermented foods and has been suggested as a probiotic, but also causes sepsis and other serious infections in humans and animals. The incidence of human infections is underestimated partly due to confusion with viridans streptococci and partly due to difficulty making a definitive identification, even if the organism is recognized to belong to another genus, owing to the inability of commercial organism systems to identify it. We report our experiences identifying W. confusa isolated from two immune-compromised patients, both of whom developed sepsis with this organism. Two MicroScan gram positive combination panels, could not identify the organism because they did not have W. confusa in their data bases, but did not provide a false identification. Other laboratorians have reported failure to identify or false identifications of W. confusa with other commercial systems. W. confusa is in the data base of the RapID™ Str panel (Remel), which gave three incorrect, high probability results (≥95%). 16S rDNA sequencing identified the isolates as W. confusa. Maldi-Tof, performed by two of our reference laboratories, also correctly identified both isolates. Use of W. confusa as a probiotic should be approached with caution because its true incidence as an opportunisitic pathogen is unknown.
Digital Image Watermarking Based on Independent Component Analysis and Ridgelet Transform

Abstract In Medical Field telemedicine and tele diagnosis is gaining momentum at a faster rate. So security and authentication for medical images are very important. This paper describes a new solution to digital watermarking of medical images. It uses Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to project the image into a basis with its components as satistically independent as possible. Since edges and noise play a fundamental role in image understanding , hence this Ridgelet transform is a good way to enhance the edges and reduce the noise. In the transformed image embedding and extraction processes to be performed . The watermark is adaptively applied to the image based on the smoothness of the area, to increase robustness within the limits of perception. Thus the patient information is saved and transmitted in a confidential way.