Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Data Fusion of Index-Based VTCI Using Sentinel-2 and -3 Satellite Data for Field-Scale Drought Monitoring

Due to climate change, the impact of drought on field crop production is extremely important. This study focuses on the vegetation temperature condition index (VTCI), an index-based drought monitoring index that can characterize drought conditions in near real time (at ten-day intervals), and explores the applicability of different spatial and temporal data fusion schemes to it. It also proposes a field-scale VTCI fusion framework based on the Sentinel-3 VTCI calculation and the land surface temperature (LST) downscaling. First, based on analyzing the computational characteristics of VTCI, multiyear VTCI based on Sentinel data sources was obtained, which further expands the diversity of data sources for VTCI. On this basis, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used to compare the applicability of two schemes: Scheme 1, based on the “blend-then-index” (BI) strategy, which first fuses normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and LST, and then calculated the fused VTCIs; and Scheme 2, based on the “index-then-blend” (IB) strategy, which directly fuses the VTCIs based on the calculated VTCIs. It was found that all the fused VTCIs remained highly correlated with the ten-day cumulative precipitation. Compared with the fused VTCIs obtained by Scheme 2, the VTCIs obtained by Scheme 1 were able to display more spatial details. In addition, the VTCIs of Scheme 1 were more consistent with the Sentinel-3 VTCIs, and the accuracy of field yield estimation using the fused VTCIs was higher ( $r$ of 0.58 and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 783.27 kg/ha).
Pulse-Seasonal Harvesting Via Nonlinear Delay Differential Equations and Applications in Fishery Management

We study the combined effects of periodically varying carrying capacity and survival rates on the fish population in the ocean (sea). We introduce a new delay differential equation model with a control parameter which describes how fish are harvested. We consider a predation function as the function of the delayed estimate of the true population. It is important to be able to model this delay because it has serious implications for the long term behavior of populations. We study the existence of global solutions for the initial value problem, extinction and persistence conditions, and the existence of periodic solutions. Along with qualitative studies we use numerical simulations to discuss some general models and the weekly tow-by-tow data for Pacific ocean perch (POP), obtained by the Pacific Biological Station (Nanaimo, BC) in 1995-2004.
The Na/K-ATPase α1/Src Signaling Axis Regulates Mitochondrial Metabolic Function and Redox Signaling in Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes

Na/K-ATPase (NKA)-mediated regulation of Src kinase, which involves defined amino acid sequences of the NKA α1 polypeptide, has emerged as a novel regulatory mechanism of mitochondrial function in metazoans. Mitochondrial metabolism ensures adequate myocardial performance and adaptation to physiological demand. It is also a critical cellular determinant of cardiac repair and remodeling. To assess the impact of the proposed NKA/Src regulatory axis on cardiac mitochondrial metabolic function, we used a gene targeting approach in human cardiac myocytes. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) expressing an Src-signaling null mutant (A420P) form of the NKA α1 polypeptide were generated using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. Total cellular Na/K-ATPase activity remained unchanged in A420P compared to the wild type (WT) hiPSC, but baseline phosphorylation levels of Src and ERK1/2 were drastically reduced. Both WT and A420P mutant hiPSC readily differentiated into cardiac myocytes (iCM), as evidenced by marker gene expression, spontaneous cell contraction, and subcellular striations. Total NKA α1-3 protein expression was comparable in WT and A420P iCM. However, live cell metabolism assessed functionally by Seahorse extracellular flux analysis revealed significant reductions in both basal and maximal rates of mitochondrial respiration, spare respiratory capacity, ATP production, and coupling efficiency. A significant reduction in ROS production was detected by fluorescence imaging in live cells, and confirmed by decreased cellular protein carbonylation levels in A420P iCM. Taken together, these data provide genetic evidence for a role of NKA α1/Src in the tonic stimulation of basal mitochondrial metabolism and ROS production in human cardiac myocytes. This signaling axis in cardiac myocytes may provide a new approach to counteract mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiometabolic diseases.
Network pharmacology integrated with molecular docking technology to reveal the potential mechanism of Shuganfang against drug-induced liver injury

This study aimed to investigate the active composition and mechanism of the Shuganfang (SGF) in treating drug-induced liver injury (DILI) using network pharmacology and molecular docking. The potential active ingredients and targets of SGF were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database (TCMSP) database. DILI-related targets were queried from various databases including GEO, GeneCards, OMIM, NCBI, and DisGeNET. The STRING database was used to establish a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. DAVID was utilized for conducting gene ontology (GO) function enrichment and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. The data visualization and analysis of herb-ingredient-target and disease-pathway-target-ingredient networks were conducted using Cytoscape software (version 3.7.2). PyMoL and AutoDock software was used to select the best binding target for molecular docking. A total of 177 active ingredients,126 targets and 10112 disease targets were obtained, including 122 intersection targets. The identified potential active ingredients consisted of quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, tanshinone IIa, nobiletin, isorhamnetin, beta-sitosterol and naringenin. The core targets implicated in the study were IL6, estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), hypoxia-inducible factor alpha subunit 1 (HIF1A), MYC and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). KEGG analysis revealed that the treatment of DILI with SGF mainly acted through apoptosis, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway. Furthermore, the binding affinities between the potential ingredients and the core targets were subsequently confirmed through molecular docking experiments. The findings indicated that the docking outcomes remained consistent and demonstrated a favorable capacity for binding. SGF exerts a therapeutic effect on DILI through multiple active ingredients, multiple targets and multiple pathways. Our findings contribute to a positive investigation and establish a theoretical basis for further extensive exploration of SGF as a potential treatment for DILI in future research.
利用Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR)探討台灣天竺草之遺傳變異

Guineagrass (Panicum maximum) is a perennial forage grass which is original from tropical Africa and subtropical India. Guineagrass was introduced from the Philippines in 1908 and grew well in Taiwan. Over the past one hundred years, many various ecotypes have been observed. In this study, we have collected 115 lines, containing 41 lines of guineagrass and 74 lines of green guineagrass from 21 counties in Taiwan to determine the genetic variation and the geographical distribution of these two species by Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) molecular markers. According to ISSR analysis, 10 UBC primers were positive. In green panicgrass, 54 bands were amplified and 46 bands were polymorphism. The percentage of polymorphism was 83.7%. The values of genetic differentiation (Gst) was 0.5517 and the gene flow (Nm) was 0.4063. The genetic distance matrix range was from 0.0535 to 0.3574. Green panicgrass could be divided into five groups based on the genetic similarity with 0.15 as the critical point. It included the 1st group with Taipei and Taoyuan, the 2nd with Hsinchu, Miaoli, Taichung and Changhua, the 3rd with Tainan, Pingtung, Taitung, Hualine and Yunlin, the 4th with Yilan and Chiayi and the 5th Kaohsiung, respectively. For guineagrass, 49 bands were generated and 36 bands were polymorphic typing. The percentage of polymorphism was 68.5%. The values of genetic differentiation (Gst) was 0.5779 and the gene flow (Nm) was 0.3652. The genetic distance matrix located between 0.0188 and 0.3055. Guinegrass could be divided into 4 groups based on the genetic similarity with 0.11 as the critical point. It included the 1st group included Taichung, Nantou and Yunlin, the 2nd with Chiayi, Tainan and Kaohsiung, the 3rd with Pingtung, the 4th with Taitung and Hualien, respectively. The values of genetic distance and geographic distance for these two species were r=0.2228 (p=0.0209) and r=0.3825 (p=0.0118), respectively. These results revealed that both guineagrass and green guineagrass showed a significant relationship between each other and met the requirement of the model for distant isolation.
A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advances in Automated Guided Vehicle Technologies: Dynamic Obstacle Avoidance in Complex Environment Toward Autonomous Capability

Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) have recently acquired a lot of interest in the academic research field and industry applications due to a variety of advantages, including increased mobility and improved safety. AGVs are designed to maneuver following a predetermined path; however, if the path is blocked, how can the AGV avoid or pass through it by selecting the new path with the safest behavior? This article discovered a number of recent advanced methods that are widely employed in AGV operation with the aim of avoiding dynamic obstacles and being able to function in a complex environment. The most recent techniques for obstacle avoidance utilized with AGV have been evaluated in scholarly research that has been published in the last five years. In doing so, this review responds to three related questions: are the fundamental approaches for avoiding obstacles in AGV robot systems still applicable? 2) which is the most recent sensor technology used by the AGV robot to sense its surroundings? and 3) does the artificial intelligence (AI) method improve the AGV robot’s ability to make decisions and function autonomously? As a result, various fundamental and recent advances in methods are covered. This study is done to make it easier for researchers or engineers to comprehend and conduct more research.
The Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Microvascular Structure and Function, Peripheral Pressure Waveform and General Cardiovascular Risk: A Longitudinal Study

Purpose: This study aims to assess the effect of bariatric surgery on retinal microvascular calibre, peripheral microvascular function, peripheral pressure waveforms, and the general cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in obese individuals after undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. Methods: A total of 29 obese participants were included in the study. All of the measurements were conducted at two time points: before and one year following the bariatric surgery procedure. General anthropometric data, as well as blood markers for glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides were assessed in all individuals. In all participants, the Framingham risk score (FRS), and retinal vessel calibre measurements, using a Zeiss fundus camera and VesselMap software (ImedosSystems, Jena, Germany), were performed. Systemic arterial stiffness was measured by pulse wave analysis (PWA), and peripheral microvascular reactivity by way of digital thermal monitoring (DTM) in all participants. Results: As expected, various general anthropometric parameters, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and neck circumference, were significantly decreased post-surgery comparing to baseline in all individuals (all p < 0.001). In addition, their general CVD risk, as measured using FRS, was significantly improved (p < 0.001). At the retinal vascular level, central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) as well as, central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE) had increased after surgery comparing to the baseline values (p = 0.003 and p = 0.007, respectively). In addition, both systemic arterial stiffness and peripheral microvascular reactivity had improved in all participants (p < 0.001 and p = 0.008 respectively). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that bariatric surgery has a positive effect on the overall vascular health, as well as on the general CVD risk of the obese patients undergoing this procedure.
Serum Pentaxin 3 (PTX3) Promotes NLRP3 Inflammasome and Pyroptosis in Patients with Up-Regulated Myasthenia Gravis.

BACKGROUND Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoantibodies-mediated autoimmune disease with the complications of neuromuscular junction transmission. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular regulatory roles of pentaxin 3 (PTX3) in patients and in animal model with MG and to explore its underlying mechanism. METHODS Patients with MG were identified and enrolled at our designated hospital and animal model was utilized for the proposed study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit were used to quantify the IL-1β, IL-6, INF-γ, IL-17, TNF-α, anti-TAChR IgG/IgG1/IgG2b/IgG2c levels. RESULTS Serum PTX3 expression level in patients with MG was up-regulated as compared to normal. Furthermore, we found increased expression level of mRNA and protein product of PTX3 in the mice with MG. PTX3 promoted inflammation, pyroptosis in patients as well as in the MG mouse model. In addition, PTX3 induced the STAT3/NLRP3 inflammasome and promoted gene synthesis of STAT3. We found that METTL3-mediated m6A modification decreases PTX3 stability. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the PTX3 is associated with the enhancement of inflammation and pyroptosis through regulating the STAT3/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway at the early stage of the disease. The pro-inflammatory PTX3 facilitates the development of MG and it can be used as a potantial MG-associated diagnostic biomarker for MG.
Carrot Juice Intake Affects the Cytokine and Chemokine Response in Human Blood after Ex Vivo Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation

In vitro and animal studies have shown that carrot juice containing bioactive natural products, such as falcarinol (FaOH) and falcarindiol (FaDOH), can affect inflammation. The present study was designed to test whether oral intake of carrot juice containing the bioactive acetylenic oxylipins FaOH and FaDOH affects mediators of acute inflammation or the innate immune response in human blood. Carrot juice (500 mL) was administered orally to healthy volunteers, and blood samples were drawn before and 1 h after juice intake. Next, the blood samples were split in two, and one sample was stimulated ex vivo with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. The concentrations of 44 inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were examined using multiplex electrochemiluminescence analysis. In blood samples not stimulated with LPS, a significant increase in IL-15 was measured 1 h after carrot juice intake. Cytokines like IFN-ɣ, IL-12/IL-23(p40), IL-23, IL-17A, IL-17B, IL-17D, and IL-22 were significantly increased in LPS-stimulated blood samples after carrot juice intake. The upregulation of the immunostimulating cytokines belonging to the IL-23/IL-17 Th17 axis suggests that carrot juice intake could benefit diseases where inflammation plays a role, like in the early stages of diabetes or cancers.
Eco-environmental sensitivity evaluation of Central Guizhou Province based on GIS technique

With the combination of geographical information system (GIS) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP), the eco-environmental sensitivity of Central Guizhou Province was evaluated comprehensively. A total of fifteen indices in 4 categories were selected to set up an indices system. The weight of each selected index and the value of each evaluation cell were calculated by AHP, and the eco-environmental sensitivity evaluation map was built by GIS. The spatial variation pattern of the sensitivity was analyzed from the aspects of soil erosion, rocky desertification, biodiversity, habitat and acid rain. The results indicated that in Central Guizhou, biodiversity and habitat had the highest sensitivity, followed by soil erosion and acid rain, and rocky desertification, which could provide a theoretical basis for the reasonable utilization of natural resources, layout of industry and agriculture, and sustainable development of this region.
Enhancing encapsulation of filarial antigen Brugia malayi thioredoxin in nano-liposomes: The role of lecithin composition

Background and purpose: Lymphatic filariasis is a debilitating infectious disease prevalent in endemic areas, necessitating the development of an effective vaccine for eradication. Although recombinant vaccine candidates have been deemed safe, they often fail to provide sufficient protection, which can be overcome by encapsulating them in nano-liposomes. In this study, we have optimised the liposomal composition for enhanced stability and encapsulation of filarial antigen Brugia malayi thioredoxin (Bm-TRX). Experimental approach: Nano-liposomes were prepared using egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC) and cholesterol via thin-film hydration, followed by sonication and characterizing. Encapsulation efficiency was optimised using different weight ratios of EPC to cholesterol (8:2, 7:3, and 6:4) and total lipid (EPC+Cholesterol) concentration to antigen Bm-TRX (10:1, 10:2, and 10:3) followed by release kinetics study. Key results: Optimised parameters yielded spherical liposomes measuring 209 nm in diameter with narrow polydispersity. Our findings demonstrated the highest encapsulation efficiency of 70.685 % and stability of 10 hours for an EPC to cholesterol weight ratio of 7:3. The in silico study proved the antigenic nature of TRX. Conclusion: The liposomal formulations loaded with TRX, as optimized in this study, hold promise for improving antigen efficiency by enhancing stability, bioavailability, and prophylactic effects by acting as immune potentiators.
Prediction of the NO2 concentration data in an urban area using multiple regression and neuronal networks

The probability of exceeding EU limit values for NO2 concentrations has increased in many European cities. Meteorological parameters have an extremely important role in evaluating the dispersion of pollutants in various city areas. This paper focuses on meteorological variations and their impact on urban background NO2 concentrations in the city of Braila for 2009–2013. The dependence between measured NO2 data and meteorological parameters are analyzed using two modeling methods: multiple linear regression and artificial neuronal networks. The dataset calculated using the proposed models indicate that artificial neural networks can be applied in the analysis and forecasting of air quality.
Design, Optimization and Characterization of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems of Bilastine

Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems are innovative methods that have the potential to resolve a variety of drug formulation issues, including solubility, stability and bioavailability. Bilastine is a potent and highly selective H1-antihistamine. The aim of this study is to develop bilastine as an oral self-nanoemulsion to enhance its permeability from prepared formulas and possibility of lymphatic transport. Based on the solubility investigations of bilastine in some oils, surfactants and cosurfactants, fifteen formulae of liquid SNEDDS were created utilizing oleic acid, tween 60 and transcutol as oil, surfactant and co-surfactant respectively. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were used to evaluate the component phase behavior and the area of the nanoemulsion. The prepared formulas were evaluated for particle size, polydispersity index, zetapotential, self-emulsification time, drug content, and robustness to dilution. When compared to the pure drug powder, the produced SMEDDS formulations showed enhanced drug release. This study's findings showed that a formula 8 with a 20% oleic acid, 40% tween 60, and 40% transcutol composition exhibited lower particle size and higher zetapotential with acceptable drug content compared to other formulas and better in-vitro drug release characteristics than pure bilastine powder. All of these criteria favor the development of self-nano emulsifying drug delivery systems as a potential approach to enhance the bioavailability of drugs like bilastine that are poorly soluble. Keywords: Bilastine, SNEDDS
A Forecasting Model of Ionospheric foF2 Using the LSTM Network Based on ICEEMDAN Decomposition

To further improve the short-term forecasting ability of the critical frequency of the ionosphere F2 layer (foF2), a sample entropy (SE) optimized deep learning (DL) long-short-term memory (LSTM) forecasting model based on improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN) is proposed. The ICEEMDAN-LSTM model uses the foF2 hour-level time series data of Dourbes station from 2009 to 2019 for training and verification and realizes a single-step high-precision foF2 time series forecast. Through the statistical analysis of the observation of foF2 parameters and the forecast results of the model, the ICEEMDAN-LSTM model can predict foF2 parameters well during the geomagnetic calm and storm periods. Moreover, the proposed model outperforms others in predicting foF2 time series under diurnal and seasonal variation. In the high solar activity year, the root mean square error (RMSE), relative root mean square error (RRMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and $R^{2}$ evaluation indexes of the ICEEMDAN-LSTM model are 0.19 MHz, 4.33%, 0.13 MHz, and 0.99, respectively, and they are 0.22 MHz, 5.54%, 0.14 MHz, and 0.95 in the low solar activity year. The ICEEMDAN-LSTM has the highest forecast accuracy in different solar activity years and is almost unaffected by solar activity. Meanwhile, the prediction performance of ICEEMDAN-LSTM is also verified by observatories in other regions, with high forecasting accuracy. The above shows that the ICEEMDAN-LSTM model has good applicability and usability, and the forecast accuracy of foF2 short-term forecasting can be improved further.
The Early Dynastic-Akkadian transition, Part 2. The authors' response

Dr Matthews was kind enough to show us a draft of the preceding article before publication so that we could reply, for which we thank him. Our original article was intended as a review of the problem of the Early Dynastic to Akkadian transition and as a quick general overview of the WF excavation at Nippur, rather than the final statement on either. The point of the article was not to define the Akkadian Period but to make steps towards the identification of an assemblage of material culture (pottery, tablets, objects, and seals) found in levels which are dated to the historical Akkadian Period. That assemblage included pottery types, but we did not suggest that a single pottery type or a few types alone should be the basis for dating; nor would we prefer, as is implied by Matthews, to define a period by pottery as opposed to other objects. What the Nippur WF excavation gave us was a well-stratified sequence of artifacts; and we were careful when suggesting the level at which we might have entered the Akkadian (historical) period not to be adamant about the date of the pertinent level and to precede it with a “transitional” level (Level XVII) which might have been either Early Dynastic or Akkadian. Perhaps we should have been more cautious and extended that transitional label to cover Level XVI as well.