Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Bridgeless PFC converter with reduced components

In this paper a new Bridgeless PFC converter is introduced. To reduce number of circuit components, the input rectifier is combined with a SEPIC converter. Therefore the proposed converter has lower conduction losses than conventional SEPIC PFC converter. Also this converter can produce output voltages lower than the input voltage which is preferred in off line low voltage power supplies. In this paper, the proposed converter is designed for DCM operation to simplify the control circuit and eliminate the current loop. Theoretical analysis and simulation results of the proposed converter are provided to explain circuit operation. The measured efficiency shows %1 improvement in comparison to conventional SEPIC rectifier.
Discrete Choice with Social Interactions I: Theory

This paper provides an analysis of aggregate behavioral outcomes when individual utility exhibits social interaction effects. We study generalized logistic models of individual choice which incorporate terms reflecting the desire of individuals to conform to the behavior of others in an environment of noncooperative decisionmaking. Laws of large numbers are generated in such environments. Multiplicity of equilibria in these models, which are equivalent to the existence of multiple self-consistent means for average choice behavior, will exist when the social interactions exceed a particular threshold. Local stability of these multiple equilibria is also studied. The properties of the noncooperative economy are contrasted with the properties of an economy in which a social planner determines the set of individual choices. The model is additionally shown to be well suited to explaining a number of empirical phenomena, such as threshold effects in individual behavior, ethnic group fixed effects of income equations, and large cross-group differences in binary choice behavior.
Children's own names influence their spelling

We analyzed spellings that were produced by children in kindergarten (N = 115), first grade (N = 104), and second grade (N = 77) in order to determine whether children's own names influence their spellings of other words. Kindergartners overused letters from their own first names (or commonly used nicknames) when spelling. Kindergartners with longer names, who had more own-name letters available for intrusions, tended to produce longer spellings than did children with shorter names. Moreover, the spellings of kindergartners with long names tended to contain a lower proportion of phonetically reasonable letters than did the spellings of children with short names. These effects appeared to be confined to children who read below the first grade level. The results support the view that children's own names play a special role in the acquisition of literacy. They further show that children choose letters in a way that reflects their experience with the letters.
A comparison between public-domain search engines

The enormous amount of information available today on the Internet requires the use of search tools such as search engines, meta-search engines and directories for rapid retrieval of useful and appropriate information. Indexing a website’s content by search engine allows its information to be located quickly and improves the site’s usability. In the case of a large number of pages distributed over different systems (e.g. an organization with several autonomous branches/departments) a local search engine rapidly provides a comprehensive overview of all information and services offered.
Data set operations to hide decision tree rules

This paper focuses on preserving the privacy of sensitive patterns when inducing decision trees. We adopt a record augmentation approach for hiding sensitive classification rules in binary datasets. Such a hiding methodology is preferred over other heuristic solutions like output perturbation or cryptographic techniques - which restrict the usability of the data - since the raw data itself is readily available for public use. We show some key lemmas which are related to the hiding process and we also demonstrate the methodology with an example and an indicative experiment using a prototype hiding tool.
PWP-023 Folk Theorems on Transmission Access : Proofs and Counter Examples

Nodal prices, congestion revenues, transmission capacity rights, and compensation for wire ownership are key concepts used to formulate claims about proposals to organize competitive and open transmission access. Underlying those claims are implicit assertions (folk theorems) concerning the regulation of transmission access, the determination of power ows, properties of economic dispatch, and the operations of competitive nodal markets for power. The paper has two objectives. We rst formulate these folk theorems as explicit mathematical assertions. We then prove that some of these assertions are true, and we present counterexamples to other assertions. The counterexamples are interesting because they negate plausible propositions, including: (1) uncongested lines do not receive congestion rents (de ned through node price di erences); (2) nodal prices clear markets for power only if the allocation is e cient; (3) in an e cient allocation power can only ow from nodes with lower prices to nodes with higher prices; (4) strengthening transmission lines or building additional lines increases transmission capacity; (5) transmission capacity rights are compatible with any economically e cient dispatch.
SEMANTIC AMBIGUOUS QUERY FORMULATION USING STATISTICAL LINGUISTICS TECHNIQUE

Natural language query systems hide the complexity of the structured query. Usually, natural language processing is implemented in order to solve several problems such as information retrieval. However, due to complexity of natural language, problems such as natural language ambiguity remains unsolved. This issue becomes the area that remains subject to research. There are recent researches on semantic query formulation attempt to resolve ambiguous natural language by proposing difference disambiguation approaches. Most of disambiguation processes are either done manually or semiautomated. In the same vein, most of the recent systems solve the ambiguity by using external dictionary such as WordNet or by providing suggestion manually. This paper will explain the proposed statistical linguistics technique to solve the problem of ambiguity automatically. Some experiment has been done towards semantic ambiguous query using proposed method and it is proven increase the ability of information retrieval system to retrieve
On the contraction method with degenerate limit equation

A class of random recursive sequences (Yn) with slowly varying variances as arising for parameters of random trees or recursive algorithms leads after normalizations to degenerate limit equations of the form $X\stackrel {\mathcal{L}}{=}X$. For nondegenerate limit equations the contraction method is a main tool to establish convergence of the scaled sequence to the “unique” solution of the limit equation. In this paper we develop an extension of the contraction method which allows us to derive limit theorems for parameters of algorithms and data structures with degenerate limit equation. In particular, we establish some new tools and a general convergence scheme, which transfers information on mean and variance into a central limit law (with normal limit). We also obtain a convergence rate result. For the proof we use selfdecomposability properties of the limit normal distribution which allow us to mimic the recursive sequence by an accompanying sequence in normal variables.
Localization and function of the Drosophila huntingtin protein

Huntington's Disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion of a polyglutamine tract in the huntingtin protein. This mutation leads to conformational instability, resulting in huntingtin aggregation and degeneration of neurons in the striatum and cortex. HD is characterized by motor dysfunction, personality changes, dementia, and early death. Although a number of abnormal cellular phenomena have been described in systems modeling HD, the specific events initiating pathology remain unclear. It is widely viewed that inclusions may have a toxic gain-of-function which is central to HD pathogenesis. However, evidence is accumulating that supports the loss of huntingtin function as a likely contributor to the unravelling of cellular processes early in the course of the disease. The fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster has an orthologous huntingtin gene with several regions showing 40-50% similarity to mammalian huntingtin at the amino acid level. Like the mammalian huntingtin gene, the fly huntingtin lacks sequence motifs that would suggest functional correlates to other known proteins. I have pursued a cell biological and physiological analysis of Drosophila melanogaster mutants with reduced huntingtin gene expression. Normal levels of huntingtin were not required for normal localization of mitochondria in neurons, synaptic transmission in the visual system, or formation of synapses. Huntington's Disease (HD) is the most common inherited late-onset neurodegenerative disease, which afflicts approximately 1 in 10,000 individuals in North America and Europe (HDCRG, 1993). HD is a progressive disorder typically commencing in middle age (mean age of 35). However symptoms have been observed in extreme cases in infants and in adults over 80 (Myers, 2004). HD is characterized by involuntary choreiform movements, loss of motor coordination, dementia, personality changes, and ultimately premature death within 10-15 years following onset of symptoms (Vonsattel et al., 1985). HD is caused by an expansion in the polyglutamine (polyQ)-encoding 'CAG' nucleotide repeat domain in the 5' region of the gene, which resides at 4p16 in the human genome (HDCRG, 1993). The HD phenotype is exhibited when the expansion of this tract occurs beyond a threshold number (-35) (Rubinsztein et al., 1996). Age of onset and severity of symptoms are correlated with length of the CAG expansion, with longer repeats resulting in earlier age of onset and more rapid progression of symptoms, culminating in mortality (Duyao et al., 1993). Pathogenic repeat lengths exhibit the phenomenon of 'anticipation', where the repeat length is unstable and tends to increase in size when transmitted to …
Environmental manipulations generate bidirectional shifts in both behavior and gene regulation in a crossbred mouse model of extremes in trait anxiety

Although gene-environment interactions are known to significantly influence psychopathology-related disease states, only few animal models cover both the genetic background and environmental manipulations. Therefore, we have taken advantage of the bidirectionally inbred high (HAB) and low (LAB) anxiety-related behavior mouse lines to generate HAB × LAB F1 hybrids that intrinsically carry both lines’ genetic characteristics, and subsequently raised them in three different environments—standard, enriched (EE) and chronic mild stress (CMS). Assessing genetic correlates of trait anxiety, we focused on two genes already known to play a role in HAB vs. LAB mice, corticotropin releasing hormone receptor type 1 (Crhr1) and high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 3 (Hmgn3). While EE F1 mice showed decreased anxiety-related and increased explorative behaviors compared to controls, CMS sparked effects in the opposite direction. However, environmental treatments affected the expression of the two genes in distinct ways. Thus, while expression ratios of Hmgn3 between the HAB- and LAB-specific alleles remained equal, total expression resembled the one observed in HAB vs. LAB mice, i.e., decreased after EE and increased after CMS treatment. On the other hand, while total expression of Crhr1 remained unchanged between the groups, the relative expression of HAB- and LAB-specific alleles showed a clear effect following the environmental modifications. Thus, the environmentally driven bidirectional shift of trait anxiety in this F1 model strongly correlated with Hmgn3 expression, irrespective of allele-specific expression patterns that retained the proportions of basic differential HAB vs. LAB expression, making this gene a match for environment-induced modifications. An involvement of Crhr1 in the bidirectional behavioral shift could, however, rather be due to different effects of the HAB- and LAB-specific alleles described here. Both candidate genes therefore deserve attention in the complex regulation of anxiety-related phenotypes including environment-mediated effects.
Characterization of the petI and res Operons of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

ABSTRACT DNA sequence analysis and bioinformatic interpretations have identified two adjacent clusters of genes potentially involved in the formation of a bc1 complex and in the maturation of a cytochrome c-type protein in two strains (ATCC 19859 and ATCC 33020) of the acidophilic, chemolithoautotrophic bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (formerly Thiobacillus ferrooxidans). Reverse transcriptase-PCR experiments suggest that the two clusters are organized as operons, and +1 start sites of transcription for the operons have been determined by primer extension experiments. Potential promoters have been identified. The presence of these operons lends support to a recent model of reverse electron flow and is consistent with previous reports of phenotypic switching in this bacterium.
Increasing Human Brain Excitability by Transcranial High-Frequency Random Noise Stimulation

For >20 years, noninvasive transcranial stimulation techniques like repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been used to induce neuroplastic-like effects in the human cortex, leading to the activity-dependent modification of synaptic transmission. Here, we introduce a novel method of electrical stimulation: transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), whereby a random electrical oscillation spectrum is applied over the motor cortex. tRNS induces consistent excitability increases lasting 60 min after stimulation. These effects have been observed in 80 subjects through both physiological measures and behavioral tasks. Higher frequencies (100–640 Hz) appear to be responsible for generating this excitability increase, an effect that may be attributed to the repeated opening of Na+ channels. In terms of efficacy tRNS appears to possess at least the same therapeutic potential as rTMS/tDCS in diseases such as depression, while furthermore avoiding the constraint of current flow direction sensitivity characteristic of tDCS.
Comparison Issues in Large Graphs: State of the Art and Future Directions

Graph comparison is fundamentally important for many applications such as the analysis of social networks and biological data and has been a significant research area in the pattern recognition and pattern analysis domains. Nowadays, the graphs are large, they may have billions of nodes and edges. Comparison issues in such huge graphs are a challenging research problem. In this paper, we survey the research advances of comparison problems in large graphs. We review graph comparison and pattern matching approaches that focus on large graphs. We categorize the existing approaches into three classes: partition-based approaches, search space based approaches and summary based approaches. All the existing algorithms in these approaches are described in detail and analyzed according to multiple metrics such as time complexity, type of graphs or comparison concept. Finally, we identify directions for future research.
Web Page Content Extraction Method Based on Link Density and Statistic

Web page content extraction is a key step for knowledge acquisition from the Internet. The physical layout of Web pages is always composed of useful information, advertising links and images. So how to extract the right content and filter out irrelevant information is an important work. According to the different properties between content nodes and non-content nodes of Web page represented as a tree, an algorithm based on link density and statistic is presented. This method increases the veracity of content extraction which will benefit the efficiency of information acquirement for corporations and organizations. The work of this paper is important for knowledge acquisition.
Pedestrian detection in infrared images using HOG, LBP, gradient magnitude and intensity feature channels

Recent work in monocular pedestrian detection is trying to improve the execution time while keeping the accuracy as high as possible. A popular and successful approach for monocular intensity pedestrian detection is based on the approximation (instead of computation) of image features for multiple scales based on the features computed on set of predefined scales. We port this idea to the infrared domain. Our contributions reside in the combination of four channel features, namely infrared, histogram of gradient orientations, normalized gradient magnitude and local binary patterns with the objective of detecting pedestrians for night vision applications dealing with far infrared sensors. Multiple scale feature computation is done by feature approximation. Another contribution is the study of different formulations for Local Binary Patterns like uniform patterns and rotation invariant patterns and their effect on detection performance. The detection speed is also boosted by the aid of a fast morphological based region of interest generator. We vary the number of approximated scales per octave and study the impact on execution time and accuracy. A reasonable result hits a speed of 18fps with a log average miss rate of 39%.
AIM2 regulates viability and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells via the PI3K/Akt pathway

Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) plays an important role in innate immunity as a DNA sensor in the cytoplasm by triggering the assembly of an AIM2 inflammasome that results in caspase-1-mediated inflammatory responses and cell death. In recent years, studies have indicated that AIM2 can suppress cancer cell proliferation, and mutations in the gene encoding AIM2 are frequently identified in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanism by which AIM2 restricts tumor growth remains unclear. We reconstructed AIM2 expression in HCT116 CRC cells by lentivirus transfection. Using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry, we demonstrated that expression of AIM2 inhibited the viability and increased the apoptosis rate of CRC cells, and cell cycle analysis suggested that AIM2 blocked cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase. Western blot analysis showed that AIM2 promoted apoptosis in CRC cells by suppressing the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. Our data suggest that AIM2 plays a critical role as a tumor suppressor and might serve as a potential therapeutic target in CRC.
The significance of production cost inputs in regional technology choice : composite automotive body-in-whites in the US versus China

Nations seek to influence the technology decisions of multinational firms producing within their borders for many reasons. These reasons range from a nation’s desires to maximize its competitiveness in the global marketplace to a nation’s desire to improve the social welfare of its citizens. Alone by understanding the forces driving multinationals’ decisions, can nations develop means to impact those decisions. Market supply, market demand, individual interests, group interests and government policy all affect the technological decisions of firms’ managers and engineers. This work models the cost of automotive body-in-white production in the United States versus the People’s Republic of China. Three body-in-white materials are evaluated for each country: carbon-reinforced composites, glass-reinforced composites, and steel. Based on the results, insights are sought on the significance of production costs versus other factors in driving the extent of composite body-in-white vehicle production in China versus in the U.S. Composite body-in-whites are, according to the results of this thesis, produced less frequently in both the U.S. and China than would optimize manufacturing costs. Composites have a production cost advantage over steel for more U.S. scenarios; however, interest in composite body-in-whites is greater in China. Several qualities of the Chinese market help explain this dichotomy between production cost implications and in-country actions. Concerns of part tolerances, surface appearance, worker safety during processing, and legal ramifications of nonconventional crash mechanisms do not hold the same weight in China as they do in the U.S. Greenfield investment opportunities are many in China, and China is known for a willingness to experiment. In contrast, the U.S. auto industry is plagued with embedded capital costs and powerful stakeholders in association with steel. The interests of firms, nations, and individuals do not always overlap. The results of this thesis, however, suggest that it would be in the interest of all for greater investment to be made in composite body-in-white production in the U.S., and for experimentation in composite body-in-white production to continue to be encouraged in China. Thesis Supervisors: Dr. Randolph E Kirchain; Dr. Richard Roth; Dr. Joel P. Clark Titles (in order): Assistant Professor of Engineering Systems and Materials Sci. & Eng.; Director of Materials Systems Lab; Professor of Materials Sci. & Eng. Policy Supervisor: Dr. Edward S. Steinfeld Title: Associate Professor of Political Science
Polynomial Cointegration Between Stationary Processes With Long Memory

Abstract. In this article we consider polynomial cointegrating relationships between stationary processes with long range dependence. We express the regression functions in terms of Hermite polynomials and consider a form of spectral regression around frequency zero. For these estimates, we establish consistency by means of a more general result on continuously averaged estimates of the spectral density matrix at frequency zero.
Adaptive Call Admission Control for Prioritized Adaptive services in Wireless/Mobile multimedia Cellular Networks

Summary New generation cellular wireless networks are designed to support adaptive multimedia services by controlling individual ongoing flows to increase or decrease their bandwidth in response to changes in traffic load. There is growing interest in quality of service (QoS) provisioning under this adaptive multimedia framework, in which a bandwidth adaptation algorithm needs to be used in conjunction with the call admission control algorithm. In this paper, we introduce an adaptive CAC algorithm to complement resource reservation mechanism and the ability of robust applications to sustain performance fluctuations. The proposed algorithm correlates the current status of resource consumption and scalable degradation via the derivations of several correlation index indicators. The result acquired from the extensive discrete event simulation developed has shown the ability for the proposed algorithm to enable a substantial enhancement to the static call admission control algorithms. The versatility provided by the proposed algorithm enable the elevation of call droppings to a substantial reduction level.