Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Some Remarks concerning Brebner and Gordon's Paper “Ensemble Size and Selective Response Times with a Constant Signal Rate”

I wish to thank the Editor for giving me the opportunity to see and comment on Brebner and Gordon's interesting paper. In deciding to test my suggestion (Mowbray, 1960) that stimulus rate may have been an influencing factor in the results obtained with the c-reaction time experiment, Brebner and Gordon have apparently chosen to overlook what I consider to be the important implications of the proposed expectancy hypothesis. In the c-reaction, where the subject is responding to only one of n possible stimuli, if 1~ is a small number, say two or so, then the stimulus that calls for a response occurs often (usually as often as the stimulus not requiring a response). On the other hand, if n is a large number, say 10, then the stimulus that calls for a response occurs rarely relative to those not requiring a response. In the former case, it is my contention that subjects, expecting a response fairly often, maintain an alertness that is lacking in the latter case with a concomitant effect on their reaction times. Furthermore, it is also my contention that within a given choice condition the way in which the stimuli calling for a response are distributed throughout the experimental series will in some measure determine what reaction time will result. I have collected data, as yet unpublished, that bear out this contention. In a ten-choice c-reaction type of experiment, the key stimuli were distributed in three different ways. In one experimental series the stimuli requiring response were distributed normally, i.e. there were some short intervals and some long ones, but most fell somewhere between ; in another, the stimuli were distributed in a rectangular fashion with each interval being represented as often as any other, while in the third condition a " J" distribution was adopted. In this last condition, there were a great many short intervals between responses and progressively fewer long ones. The " J" distribution produced by far the shortest latencies, whereas the rectangular distribution produced the longest ones. This resulted even though all stimuli were represented approximately an equal number of times. In light of the above considerations, it is not surprising that Brebner and Gordon achieved the results that they did if, as they say, their experimental sequences were randomly constructed. Random selection from among two possibilities leads to distributions of inter-stimulus intervals of the " J" type, whereas selecting from among eight provides distributions that are more nearly rectangular. That is one point. The other is that with only two choices the response/no response ratio is very much higher than with eight choices, assuming equal probability of occurrence of all stimuli. Such is the case no matter what speed of stimulus presentation isused. It is this ratio, I contend, that is important in creating and maintaining expectancy
Risk factors for respiratory symptoms in adults: The Busselton Health Study

The prevalence of reported doctor‐diagnosed ‘asthma’ increased between 1990 and 2005–2007 in Busselton, Western Australia, accompanied by increased reported cough and phlegm but not recent wheeze. Possible reasons for the increase in diagnosed asthma include environmental exposures and diagnostic transfer. The aim of this study was to relate subject characteristics and exposures to the presence of wheeze and/or current cough/phlegm in the 2005–2007 survey.
Loss and Recovery of Mgat3 and GnT-III Mediated E-cadherin N-glycosylation Is a Mechanism Involved in Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transitions

Background N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-III (GnT-III) is a glycosyltransferase encoded by Mgat3 that catalyzes the addition of β1,4-bisecting-N-acetylglucosamine on N-glycans. GnT-III has been pointed as a metastases suppressor having varying effects on cell adhesion and migration. We have previously described the existence of a functional feedback loop between E-cadherin expression and GnT-III-mediated glycosylation. The effects of GnT-III-mediated glycosylation on E-cadherin expression and cellular phenotype lead us to evaluate Mgat3 and GnT-III-glycosylation role during Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition (EMT) and the reverted process, Mesenchymal-Epithelial-Transition (MET). Methodology/Principal Findings We analyzed the expression profile and genetic mechanism controlling Mgat3 expression as well as GnT-III-mediated glycosylation, in general and specifically on E-cadherin, during EMT/MET. We found that during EMT, Mgat3 expression was dramatically decreased and later recovered when cells returned to an epithelial-like phenotype. We further identified that Mgat3 promoter methylation/demethylation is involved in this expression regulation. The impact of Mgat3 expression variation, along EMT/MET, leads to a variation in the expression levels of the enzymatic product of GnT-III (bisecting GlcNAc structures), and more importantly, to the specific modification of E-cadherin glycosylation with bisecting GlcNAc structures. Conclusions/Significance Altogether, this work identifies for the first time Mgat3 glycogene expression and GnT-III-mediated glycosylation, specifically on E-cadherin, as a novel and major component of the EMT/MET mechanism signature, supporting its role during EMT/MET.
Rethinking Science and Commodifying Knowledge

Several commentators have remarked that universities are now under constant pressure to promote the commodification of knowledge produced by faculty and students. Although academic opinion on the implications of the drive to commodification remains divided, there is a general consensus that at the very least it has the potential to change the conditions for conducting science. This article provides an analysis of the debate and practices associated with the commodification of knowledge produced in universities. The article concludes that the commodification of knowledge is part of a global process of commodifying everything and that academics are both promoters and victims of the commodification of knowledge.
Incidence of Cholangiocarcinoma with or without Previous Resection of Liver for Hepatolithiasis

Background/Aims To investigate the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with hepatolithiasis with or without previous resection of liver. Methods From 2002 to 2009, we retrospectively reviewed 117 patients who were diagnosed and treated for hepatolithiasis in Korea University Guro Hospital. Among the 117 patients, 55 patients who were lost during follow-up were excluded, and 62 patients were eligible for analysis. The hepatic resection group (n=25) included patients who underwent left hemihepatectomy (n=2); left lateral segmentectomy (n=10); left lobectomy (n=9); right lobectomy (n=3); or wedge resection (n=1). The nonhepatic resection group (n=37) included transhepatic cholangiographic lithotomy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-treated patients. The mean follow-up period was 47 months. Results The incidence of cholangiocarcinoma while patients were followed for hepatolithiasis was 12.9% (8/62) (hepatic resection group, three cases [12%] vs nonhepatic resection group, five cases [13.5%]; p=1.000). The mean follow-up period was 53 months (47±11 months) until the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. Conclusions There was no difference in the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma according to previous liver resections. Patients with hepatolithiasis should be carefully followed up for detection of cholangiocarcinoma even after a previous liver resection.
GPU-Accelerated Compartmental Modeling Analysis of DCE-MRI Data from Glioblastoma Patients Treated with Bevacizumab

The compartment model analysis using medical imaging data is the well-established but extremely time consuming technique for quantifying the changes in microvascular physiology of targeted organs in clinical patients after antivascular therapies. In this paper, we present a first graphics processing unit-accelerated method for compartmental modeling of medical imaging data. Using this approach, we performed the analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging data from bevacizumab-treated glioblastoma patients in less than one minute per slice without losing accuracy. This approach reduced the computation time by more than 120-fold comparing to a central processing unit-based method that performed the analogous analysis steps in serial and more than 17-fold comparing to the algorithm that optimized for central processing unit computation. The method developed in this study could be of significant utility in reducing the computational times required to assess tumor physiology from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging data in preclinical and clinical development of antivascular therapies and related fields.
Cancer among the foreign‐born in New York State

Cancer deaths among white, foreign‐born residents of New York State (exclusive of New York City) during the years 1969 through 1971 were analyzed according to country of birth. The largest numbers of immigrants came from Great Britain, Ireland, Germany, Austria, Poland, Italy, USSR, and Canada. Several distinctive features emerged from these data: Irish immigrants have an increased risk of dying from oropharyngeal, gastrointestinal, lung, and prostate cancers. Among all migrant groups studied, contrasting mortality patterns observed for carcinomas of the stomach, colon, and rectum provide further support for the concept that these neoplasms result from different etiologic processes. For the leukemias, lymphomas, and carcinomas of the breast and colon, each of the migrant groups acquired the higher risk common to others in the host country. This rise in risk suggests a major environmental component for cancers of these sites.
Profiling oxidative DNA damage: Effects of antioxidants

The goal of this research was to determine whether antioxidant usage could be correlated with changes in DNA damage levels. Liquid Chromatography‐tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) was used to simultaneously measure five different oxidatively‐induced base modifications in the DNA of WBC. Measurements of the five modifications were made before and after an 8‐week trial during which participants took the SU.VI. MAX supplement. Levels of the five DNA modifications were compared among different groupings: users versus non‐users of antioxidant supplements, before versus after the supplement intervention and men versus women. The statistical significance of differences between groups was most significant for pyrimidine base modifications and the observed trends reflect trends reported in epidemiological studies of antioxidant usage. A combination of modifications derived from pyrimidine bases is suggested as a superior indicator of oxidative stress.
Snookered by an interruption?: use a cue

When routine tasks are interrupted, erroneous slips become more likely. Expertise is no defence against these kinds of errors but visual hints can alleviate such negative effects in computer interfaces. We compared previous-action cueing with next-action cueing, measuring the effects on error rate, and found that both approaches were statistically equivalent in helping to mitigate the disruptive effects of interruptions. Following an interruption, a cue should be displayed highlighting the last action performed by the user -- a trivial operation for software applications.
THE FUTILITY OF UTILITY ANALYSIS REVISITED: WHEN EVEN AN EXPERT FAILS

The effect of utility analysis on managerial decisions regarding the use of a valid selection test was investigated. Experienced managers (n= 41) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions. The control condition contained written advice to adopt new selection procedures from a hypothetical psychologist that included an explanation of validation procedures. The second condition contained the same written information and advice as the control condition plus written support of that advice from a hypothetical trusted adviser. The third condition contained all the material that was presented in the control condition plus a written explanation of utility analysis, an actual utility analysis showing that large financial benefits would flow from using the proposed procedures, and a video-taped presentation from an expert on utility analysis where the logic underlying utility analysis and its benefits were explained. The expert was then presented live to the audience to address any questions that might have arisen from the utility analysis or the video. An ANOVA revealed that the presentation of a positive utility analysis reduced support for implementing a valid selection procedure, even though the logic and merits of utility analysis as a decision-making tool were described by an internationally recognized authority.
PARTICIPACIÓN EN EL DEPORTE, ORIENTACIÓN DE METAS Y FUNCIONAMIENTO MORAL.

Este estudio examino si la participacion en deportes de mediano contacto (futbol y baloncesto), influye en el funcionamiento moral en el deporte, y si estos efectos estan mediados por la orientacion al ego. Los participantes fueron deportistas universitarios de alto nivel y deportistas profesionales (N = 225), quienes completaron cuestionarios valorando la participacion en el deporte, las orientaciones de meta, y el funcionamiento moral. Los resultados indicaron que la participacion en deportes de mediano contacto predijo la orientacion al ego, la cual sucesivamente predijo bajos niveles de funcionamiento moral. Los efectos directos de la participacion en el deporte sobre el funcionamiento moral no resultaron significativos en presencia de la orientacion al ego, indicando que el ultimo constructo mediatiza la relacion entre esas dos variables. La orientacion a la tarea no se relaciono significativamente con el funcionamiento moral. Estos descubrimientos nos ayudan a entender mejor los procesos que operan en los deportes de mediano contacto. Por ultimo, se debaten sus implicaciones para eliminar las conductas anti-deportivas.
Towards a hybrid NLG system for Data2Text in Portuguese

In many new interactions with machines, such as dialogue or output using voice, there is the need to convert information internal to a system into sentences, using Data2Text systems. Trying to avoid the limitations of template-based and classical NLG methods, systems based on automatic translation have been proposed in recent years. Despite providing sentences with the important variability needed for a better interaction, this doesn't come without a cost. Contrary to template-based, these systems produce sentences with heterogeneous quality. In this paper we proposed to combine a translation based NLG system with a classifier module capable of providing information on the Intelligibility or Quality of the sentences. Sentences marked as unacceptable are replaced by template-based generated ones. This classifier module is the main focus of the paper and combines extraction of linguistic features with a classifier trained in a manually annotated corpus. Results suggest that our approach is valid as best results obtained have false positives below 8% and this metric can be even lower in practical applications, decreasing to around 3%, as the generation module produces low quality sentences at a rate lower than 30%.
Gender Group Interest or Gender Ideology? Understanding U.S. Support for Family Policy within the Liberal Welfare Regime

Many market-centered democracies have more comprehensive and generous family policies than the United States. While there is an assumed lack of public support for such policies, little research exists on Americans' family policy attitudes, especially in a comparative perspective. The authors examine the United States within the liberal welfare state framework, comparing it to nations with the greatest institutional, historical, and cultural similarities (Great Britain, Australia, and New Zealand). Using data from the 1994 and 2002 International Social Survey Program, the authors explore support for and determinants of paid maternity leave and financial benefits for childcare. Results show that despite common assumptions, Americans are as supportive and often more so than citizens in other liberal welfare states. However, Americans differ significantly according to sources of policy support. Specifically, the gender gap in policy preferences is larger in the United States than in other liberal welfare states. Conversely, there is a weaker relationship in the United States between liberal work/family attitudes and support of these policies. The results have implications for proponents of family policy and theoretical debates concerning gender, public opinion, and family policy.
Parallel path tracing using incoherent path-atom binning

Current parallel graphics algorithms minimise memory access latency by tracing packets of coherent rays. This coherency, however, breaks down after several bounces, and is unsuited to acceleration techniques such as selective rendering. This paper presents an unbiased path tracing algorithm which is insensitive to the coherency of the rays traced, allowing it to run on diverse architectures including massively SIMD processors. Bins of path-atoms are created and processed to form a path tracing circular buffer. Latency is hidden by n-buffering the load/save operations between bins. We demonstrate our approach as an implementation on the massively parallel SIMD architecture, the ClearSpeed CSX600.
In their voice: Lower secondary school students' beliefs about playing musical instruments, and the impact of the instrument lesson upon those beliefs

Many young West Australians learn musical instruments through school based elective programs. However, many students drop out from these programs, particularly in lower secondary school. This paper reports on a study I conducted into the motives of 48 lower secondary school students for playing a musical instrument, and the role of the instrument lesson in influencing student decisions to continue learning. Students in their first year in secondary school in WA (Year 8) were chosen, because the first year of secondary school has been identified as a time when student motivation towards elective activities in general decline. Focus group interviews revealed that while Year 8 students generally enjoyed playing an instrument and described playing as important to affirming notions of self, their competence beliefs were fragile. Importantly, students also indicated that the instrument lesson did impact their competence beliefs, and that competence beliefs can, in turn, impact student decisions to continue learning. After discussing the implications of the findings, I conclude the paper with a series of recommendations for teaching practice, designed to target the competence beliefs of lower secondary students.
Behavioral Implications of Information Presented Outside of Conscious Awareness: The Effect of Subliminal Presentation of Trait Information on Behavior in the Prisoner's Dilemma Game

Can information perceived outside of conscious awareness influence social behavior? Recent work has demonstrated that information presented subliminally can influence trait judgments about hypothetical stimulus people. The present study was designed to extend these findings to interactive social behavior. Subjects were primed with either competitive or neutral words outside of awareness, and then played a Prisoner's Dilemma Game. The results indicated that the subliminal primes, in interaction with the subjects' behavioral predispositions toward competitiveness or cooperation in the game situation, had a significant influence on the competitiveness of subject behavior. Competitive subjects played more competitively when exposed to the competitive primes than when exposed to the neutral primes. In addition, competitive subjects exposed to the competitive primes played much more competitively than did cooperative subjects exposed to the same competitive primes. Possible mediating mechanisms, and the general.
RESILIENCIA Y DEPRESIÓN: UN ESTUDIO EXPLORATORIO DESDE LA CALIDAD DE VIDA EN LA ADOLESCENCIA

La presente investigacion tuvo como objetivo evaluar las relaciones entre la resiliencia, la depresion y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en 36 adolescentes escolarizados de la ciudad de Medellin, Colombia. El diseno del estudio fue exploratorio-correlacional-transversal. Se utilizaron como instrumentos de medida el cuestionario de calidad de vida infantil Kid-Kindl, la escala de resiliencia para adolescentes ARS y el inventario de depresion infantil CDI. Los resultados a nivel descriptivo evidenciaron una calidad de vida favorable, altas puntuaciones de resiliencia y niveles clinicamente no significativos de depresion infantil. En el analisis de regresion lineal multiple se encontro que la dimension regulacion emocional de la escala ARS tuvo un peso positivo sobre la calidad de vida mientras que la depresion infantil tuvo un peso negativo sobre esta variable. En conclusion, la percepcion de calidad de vida en los adolescentes puede verse modulada positiva o negativamente por la resiliencia y la depresion.
Low-power reliable SRAM cell for write/read operation

: Low power SRAM cell is a critical component in modern VLSI systems. The major portion of the power dissipation in the SRAM cell is due to large voltage swing on the bit lines during write operation. In this paper, a low-power reliable (LPR) SRAM cell is proposed for minimizing the power consumption and to enhance the performance. A new write mechanism is proposed to reduce the charging / discharging activity on the respective bit lines. The cell is simulated in terms of power, delay and static noise margin (SNM). The simulated results show that write and read power of the proposed LPR cell are reduced up to 78% and 50% at 0.7 V (in 65 nm technology) respectively compared to the 6T cell. The proposed design achieves 2.4 × higher read static noise margin (SNM) than the 6T cell.
Shaping Teachers' Interpretation of Spirituality: The Contribution of Anglican and Free Church Colleges in England and Wales

A sample of 298 primary-school teachers working within the state-maintained sector in England completed a 150-item questionnaire to assess their understanding of the term “spirituality. ” The data demonstrate that after controlling for sex, age, personality, and current religiosity, teachers trained in an Anglican or Free Church College were more likely than teachers trained in secular institutions to interpret the educational construct of spirituality in terms of traditional features of Christianity. There is some evidence for the distinctive religious contribution of Church Colleges to teacher education.
Non‐operative management and immune function after splenic injury

There is still considerable controversy about the importance and method of preserving splenic function after trauma. Recognition of the immune function of the spleen and the risk of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection led to the development of spleen‐preserving surgery and non‐operative management. More recently angiographic embolization has been used to try to reduce failure of conservative management and preserve splenic function.