Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing functional impairment in a working military population : The Walter Reed Functional Impairment Scale . ● Telephone and In-Person Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Major Depression after Traumatic Brain Injury : A Randomized Controlled Trial

● Neural response during attentional control and emotion processing predicts improvement after cognitive behavioral therapy in generalized social anxiety disorder. ● The mediational role of panic self-efficacy in cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ● Sudden gains in two psychotherapies for posttraumatic stress disorder. ● Neural correlates of trauma-unrelated emotional processing in war veterans with PTSD. ● Temperamental correlates of trauma symptoms in firemen, policemen and soldiers. ● Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to treat depression and insomnia with chronic low back pain. ● Odd one out: social ostracism affects self-reported needs in both sleep-deprived and well-rested persons. ● Effects of sleep/wake history and circadian phase on proposed pilot fatigue safety performance indicators. ● Examining the effects of sleep delay on depressed males and females and healthy controls. ● A Parent at War and the "Invisible Wounds" They Carry Home: PTSD in Military Veterans and a Review of Psychosocial Family System Challenges. ● Challenges to be overcome using population-based sampling methods to recruit veterans for a study of post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury. ● Impact of windows and daylight exposure on overall health and sleep quality of office workers: a case-control pilot study. ● A meta-analysis of computerized cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of DSM-5 anxiety disorders. ● Mood disorders in restless legs syndrome (Willis-Ekbom Disease). ● Impact of middle-of-the-night awakenings on health status, activity impairment, and costs. ● Rotating night shifts too quickly may cause anxiety and decreased attentional performance, and impact prolactin levels during the subsequent day: a case control study. ● Sleep disorders increase the risk of osteoporosis: a nationwide population-based cohort study. It is well known that enlistees and veterans in the United States are more likely to use alcohol than civilians. However, most of this research is potentially biased in that it often does not employ control variables (other than age) and is based on cross-sectional data. Much of this research also fails to consider the relationship between military service and alcohol use among women. Using longitudinal data taken from the 1997 National Longitudinal Study of Youth, we investigate the relationship between military service and alcohol consumption employing a fixed-effects approach. We find that military service appears to encourage young men to consume alcohol. It is also the case that the effect of military service is not limited to the time that men spend in the military given that …
Relationship between crown placement and the survival of endodontically treated teeth.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Crowns have been considered the restoration of choice for endodontically treated teeth, but their selection has been based primarily on anecdotal evidence. PURPOSE This study tested the hypothesis that crown placement (coronal coverage) is associated with improved survival of endodontically treated teeth when preaccess, endodontic, and restorative factors are controlled. MATERIAL AND METHODS A University of Iowa College of Dentistry treatment database was used to identify permanent teeth that had undergone initial obturation between July 1, 1985, and December 31, 1987. Study patients were restricted to persons with at least 1 dental visit in each 2-year interval from 1985 to 1996; a simple random sample of 280 patients (n = 400 teeth) was selected. Dental charts, radiographs, and computerized databases were examined to ascertain variables of interest and to verify study inclusion criteria. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were generated for the 203 teeth that satisfied study inclusion criteria. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were developed, with standard errors adjusted to account for clustering of teeth within patients. RESULTS When tooth type and radiographic evidence of caries at access were controlled, the final Cox model showed that endodontically treated teeth not crowned after obturation were lost at a 6.0 times greater rate than teeth crowned after obturation (95% confidence interval: 3.2 to 11.3). CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, a strong association between crown placement and the survival of endodontically treated teeth was observed. These results may impact treatment planning if long-term tooth retention is the primary goal.
epSpread - Storyboarding for visual analytics

We present epSpread, an analysis and storyboarding tool for geolocated microblogging data. Individual time points and ranges are analysed through queries, heatmaps, word clouds and streamgraphs. The underlying narrative is shown on a storyboard-style timeline for discussion, refinement and presentation. The tool was used to analyse data from the VAST Challenge 2011 Mini-Challenge 1, tracking the spread of an epidemic using microblogging data. In this article we describe how the tool was used to identify the origin and track the spread of the epidemic.
Price Efficiency and Short Selling

This article presents a study of how stock price efficiency and return distributions are affected by short-sale constraints. The study is based on a global dataset, from 2005 to 2008, that includes more than 12,600 stocks from 26 countries. We present two main findings. First, lending supply has a significant impact on efficiency. Stocks with higher short-sale constraints, measured as low lending supply, have lower price efficiency. Second, relaxing short-sales constraints is not associated with an increase in either price instability or the occurrence of extreme negative returns. The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. , Oxford University Press.
Inhibition of bunyaviruses, phleboviruses, and hantaviruses by human MxA protein

Viruses of the Bunyaviridae family cause a variety of diseases ranging from uncomplicated fever to potentially lethal encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever. Little is known about the factors determining pathogenicity in the vertebrate host. Interferons have been reported to be inhibitory, but their mode of action against members of the Bunyaviridae has not yet been elucidated. The interferon-induced MxA protein encoded on human chromosome 21 is a large GTPase with antiviral activity against distinct negative-strand RNA viruses, notably influenza viruses. Here we show that MxA inhibits representative members of the Bunyaviridae family by interacting with an early step of virus replication. When constitutively expressed in stably transfected Vero cells, MxA prevented the accumulation of viral transcripts and proteins of Hantaan virus (genus Hantavirus). Other members of the family such as La Crosse virus (genus Bunyavirus) and Rift Valley fever virus and sandfly fever virus (both genus Phlebovirus) were likewise inhibited, and virus titers were reduced up to 10(4)-fold. Our data indicate that humans have evolved a mechanism of controlling these viruses irrespective of differences in viral coding strategies.
ROBUST GENETIC NETWORK MODELING BY ADDING NOISY DATA

The most fundamental problem in genetic network modeling is generally known as the dimensionality problem. Typical gene expression matrices contain measurements of thousands of genes taken over fewer than twenty time-steps. A large dynamic network cannot be learned from data with such a limited number of time-steps without the use of additional constraints, preferably derived from biological knowledge. In this paper, we present an approach that can find rough estimates of the underlying genetic network based on limited time-course gene expression data by employing the fact that gene expression measurements are relatively noisy and genetic networks are thought to be robust. The method expands the data-set by adding noisy duplicates, thereby simultaneously tackling the dimensionality problem and making the solutions more robust against (the already large) noise in the data. This simple concept is similar to adding a Tikhonov regularization term in the optimization process. In the case of linear models, the addition of noisy duplicates is equivalent to ridge regression, i.e. the sum of the squared weights is minimized as well as the prediction error. In the limiting case, it becomes even equivalent to the application of the MoorePenrose Pseudo-Inverse to the original data. The strength of the proposed concept of adding noisy duplicates lies in the fact that it can be employed to all modelling approaches, including non-linear models.
Attitudes to Farm Animal Welfare

Abstract. Although the there is considerable public interest in farm animal welfare, relatively little work has been done on the welfare attitudes of farmers. We describe the development of a welfare attitude scale, the EFAWS. The factor structure and correlates of this scale were examined in Scottish pig and sheep farmers, and in agriculture students. The EFAWS was found to have a hierarchical structure, with two superordinate dimensions corresponding to welfare and business orientations being present in both groups. Five narrower facets were extracted for farmers and six for students, with the two factor structures being similar. Factor scores were found to be correlated significantly with personality traits, knowledge about welfare, and farm welfare scores in interpretable ways.
Heating of tissue by near-field exposure to a dipole: a model analysis

We report a numerical study of the induced electric fields and specific absorption rate (SAR) produced by microwave radiation from a half-wavelength dipole near tissue models, and the resulting transient and steady-state temperature rises. Several models were explored, including a uniform semi-infinite plane of tissue, uniform sphere, a phantom model of the head filled with tissue-equivalent material, a numerical model of the head with uniform dielectric properties (obtained from a digitized computed tomography image), and a numerical model of the head with different dielectric properties corresponding to various tissues. The electromagnetic calculations were performed for half-wave dipoles radiating at 900 and 1900 MHz at various distances from the model, using the finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) method. The resulting temperature rises were estimated by finite element solution of the bioheat equation. The calculated SAR values agree well with an empirical correlation due to Kuster. If the limiting hazard of such exposures is associated with excessive temperature increase, present exposure limits are very conservative and guidelines that are easier to implement might provide adequate protection.
Correlation between afferent rearrangements and behavioral deficits after local excitotoxic insult in the mammalian vestibule: a rat model of vertigo symptoms

ABSTRACT Damage to inner ear afferent terminals is believed to result in many auditory and vestibular dysfunctions. The sequence of afferent injuries and repair, as well as their correlation with vertigo symptoms, remains poorly documented. In particular, information on the changes that take place at the primary vestibular endings during the first hours following a selective insult is lacking. In the present study, we combined histological analysis with behavioral assessments of vestibular function in a rat model of unilateral vestibular excitotoxic insult. Excitotoxicity resulted in an immediate but transient alteration of the balance function that was resolved within a week. Concomitantly, vestibular primary afferents underwent a sequence of structural changes followed by spontaneous repair. Within the first two hours after the insult, a first phase of pronounced vestibular dysfunction coincided with extensive swelling of afferent terminals. In the next 24 h, a second phase of significant but incomplete reduction of the vestibular dysfunction was accompanied by a resorption of swollen terminals and fiber retraction. Eventually, within 1 week, a third phase of complete balance restoration occurred. The slow and progressive withdrawal of the balance dysfunction correlated with full reconstitution of nerve terminals. Competitive re-innervation by afferent and efferent terminals that mimicked developmental synaptogenesis resulted in full re-afferentation of the sensory epithelia. By deciphering the sequence of structural alterations that occur in the vestibule during selective excitotoxic impairment, this study offers new understanding of how a vestibular insult develops in the vestibule and how it governs the heterogeneity of vertigo symptoms. Summary: Early sequence of afferent injury and repair in vestibular sensory epithelium that correlates with balance disorders and functional restoration is detailed in a rodent model of excitotoxicity.
A Performance Comparison of Recent Network Simulators

A widespread methodology for performance analysis in the field of communication systems engineering is network simulation. While ns-2 has established itself as virtually the standard network simulation tool, other network simulators have gained more and more attention during the last years. In this paper, we briefly survey new developments in the field of network simulation and conduct a performance comparison study by implementing an identical simulation set-up in five simulators, namely ns-2, OMNet++, ns-3, SimPy and JiST/SWANS. Our results reveal large differences according to both run-time performance and memory usage.
Rufus : The Information Sponge

Rufus provides an explicit framework in which the structure and semantics of a user's data is described. Formerly, this knowledge was either buried in application programs or kept in the user's mind. The description of a user's file types includes syntactic conventions (e.g., how to locate and parse the dimensions of an image file), as well as actions that can be invoked on the data (e.g., how to format and print various types of documents). Rufus represents this knowledge in a common, object-oriented data model, making it available for both users and applications. Rufus also provides the means for representing the meta-structure and organization of data. These means include the classification of objects by type, collections of objects, inter-object links, and large objects built up from smaller objects. Rufus provides the tools for building these organizations plus the flexibility to view objects in multiple organizations. The Rufus prototype includes a general purpose X-windows user interface that demonstrates these concepts. It includes windows to classify and import new data, browse data, submit queries, and browse the results. Future work on Rufus will focus on more sophisticated querying, data modeling, and organizing; streamlined extensibility; active agents, and multiuser sharing of information. fleshing out the behavior of a class is a combination of creating links to existing application programs (e.g., the reply method for Mail messages invokes the existing mh mail system [Pee91]) and creating new methods from scratch (e.g., the hexadecimal previewer for Binary files). Extensibility is an issue with the system's applications as well. The prototype contains a single application, built on top of Rufus-system primitives. No attempt has been made to provide a usable interface to the underlying system functions. Since one of the goals of the system is to provide a centralized understanding of a user's data for application use, a more friendly application toolkit needs to be developed on top of the core system. Graphical interfaces will be needed at all levels of the system. At the base level, modification of the class hierarchy should be presented to a user as simply as possible. A multi-window text-based system such as used in Smalltalk [Gol84] would be a good start. At the user level, a graphical interface for posing queries (as well as manipulating the results), such as found in the Metaphor system [Sey88], would make the system more usable to non-Computer Scientists. The performance of the prototype is …
Directional tuning of human forearm muscle afferents during voluntary wrist movements

1 Single unit activity was recorded with the microneurography technique from sixteen spindle afferents and one Golgi tendon organ afferent originating from the forearm extensor muscles. Impulse rates were studied while subjects performed unobstructed aiming movements at the wrist in eight different directions 45 deg apart. In addition, similar imposed movements were performed while the subject was instructed to remain relaxed. Movement amplitudes were about 5 deg and the speed 10–30 deg s−1. Joint movements were translated to movements of a cursor on a monitor to provide visual feedback. 2 Individual spindle afferents modulated their activity over a number of targets, i.e. were broadly tuned, during these aiming movements. The preferred direction for a spindle afferent was the same during both passive and active movements, indicating that the fusimotor effects associated with active contractions had little or no effect on the direction of tuning. 3 The direction of tuning of individual spindle afferents could be predicted from the biomechanically inferred length changes of the parent muscle. Thus spindle afferents responded as stretch receptors, i.e. impulse rates increased with lengthening and decreased with shortening, in active as well as passive movements. 4 Spindles from muscles, which continuously counteracted gravity exhibited a stretch response and directional tuning during the phase of movement alone whereas their position sensitivity was poor. In contrast, spindle afferents from the muscles that had no or minimal antigravity role were directionally tuned during both the dynamic and the static phase of the aiming task and their position sensitivity was substantially higher. 5 In spite of the limited data base from three extensor muscles it could be demonstrated that wrist joint position was remarkably well encoded in the ensemble muscle spindle data. In some cases the ensemble muscle spindle data encoded the instantaneous trajectory of movement as well.
Category grading and taxonomic relations: a mug is a sort of a cup

Gradations in the membership of objects in categories were elicited through hedged question frames (for example, is this “more or less a cup? ”; is this “primarily a cup? ”). These data are compared with relationships among categories elicited in a standard taxonomic interview (for example, “what are the different types of cups? ”). Fuzzy set theory, which formalizes the idea of gradations in set membership, is used to relate category gradations to taxonomic structure. In certain cases, the definitions of fuzzy set theory do not correctly describe informant identifications of objects and require revision. With the necessary extensions, fuzzy set theory offers a means of capturing many aspects of folk classification that cannot otherwise be formally expressed.
Focal adhesion kinase and paxillin bind to peptides mimicking beta integrin cytoplasmic domains

The integrins have recently been implicated in signal transduction. A likely mediator of integrin signaling is focal adhesion kinase (pp125FAK or FAK), a structurally distinct protein tyrosine kinase that becomes enzymatically activated upon engagement of integrins with their ligands. A second candidate signaling molecule is paxillin, a focal adhesion associated, cytoskeletal protein that coordinately becomes phosphorylated on tyrosine upon activation of pp125FAK. Paxillin physically complexes with two protein tyrosine kinases, pp60src and Csk (COOH-terminal src kinase), and the oncoprotein p47gag-crk, each of which could function as part of a paxillin signaling complex. Using an in vitro assay we have established that the cytoplasmic domain of the beta 1 integrin can bind to paxillin and pp125FAK from chicken embryo cell lysates. The NH2-terminal, noncatalytic domain of pp125FAK can bind directly to the cytoplasmic tail of beta 1 and recognizes integrin sequences distinct from those involved in binding to alpha-actinin. Paxillin binding is independent of pp125FAK binding despite the fact that both bind to the same region of beta 1. These results demonstrate that the cytoplasmic domain of the beta subunits of integrins contain binding sites for both signaling molecules and structural proteins suggesting that integrins can coordinate the generation of cytoplasmic signals in addition to their role in anchoring components of the cytoskeleton.
How Directors’ Prior Experience with Other Demographically Similar CEOs Affects Their Appointments Onto Corporate Boards and the Consequences for CEO Compensation

In recent years, new director appointments have increasingly posed a dilemma for corporate leaders: while CEOs prefer individuals who have similar backgrounds to them, they face increased pressure to appoint new directors who have a different demographic profile. We suggest that CEOs may resolve this dilemma by appointing new directors who have prior experiences working with other demographically similar CEOs. We then explain why this tendency is stronger when new directors are demographically more different from CEOs. Moreover, we posit that new directors’ prior experiences with other similar CEOs will reduce the negative effect of their demographic differences from the CEO on CEO compensation. Longitudinal analysis of Fortune 500 companies’ new director appointments and subsequent CEO compensation provided support for our theoretical expectations. This study identifies an important new role that interlock ties to other CEOs can play in corporate governance and leadership. In particular, we suggest that such ties are a means by which CEOs evaluate whether a new director will support their leadership and decision making. In explaining the role of directors’ ties to other CEOs in influencing director appointments and CEO compensation, this study also highlights the important influence of triads on CEO-director dyadic relations.
Real time navigation of autonomous robot with fuzzy controller and ultrasonic sensors

This paper shows a strategy suitable for navigating autonomous robots in a completely unknown environment. The method proposed combines optimum path planning techniques with fuzzy logic to avoid obstacles and to determine the shortest path towards its goal. The technique computes the potential surface using Dijkstra’s algorithm in a moving window, updating the cost map as it moves with the information obtained by the ultrasonic sensors. A Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) controls the wheels of a differential drive robot to the angle of minimum potential. This ensures a smooth trajectory towards the objective. A second FLC controls the average speed of the platform.