Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cross-frequency coupling during auditory perception in human cortex

Cross-frequency coupling plays an important role in coordinating neuronal computations underlying human perception, learning and memory. Here we compared four methods for measuring phase/amplitude coupling (PAC) of theta (4-7 Hz) and high-gamma (70-150 Hz) in intracranial electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings. Time-frequency spectral and time-domain evoked responses were derived for comparison. All four methods showed significant increases in theta/high-gamma PAC in auditory cortex at sites where significant event-related increases in high-gamma power were also observed. Similarly, all PAC methods revealed stimulus effects (type, probability). However, the patterns of PAC increases differed across methods. Results suggest that PAC measures may be differentially sensitive to the underlying neural activity, including high-gamma amplitude, phase locking, and response timing.
Targeted Inhibition of Serotonin Type 7 (5-HT7) Receptor Function Modulates Immune Responses and Reduces the Severity of Intestinal Inflammation

Mucosal inflammation in conditions ranging from infective acute enteritis or colitis to inflammatory bowel disease is accompanied by alteration in serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) content in the gut. Recently, we have identified an important role of 5-HT in the pathogenesis of experimental colitis. 5-HT type 7 (5-HT7) receptor is one of the most recently identified members of the 5-HT receptor family, and dendritic cells express this receptor. In this study, we investigated the effect of blocking 5-HT7 receptor signaling in experimental colitis with a view to develop an improved therapeutic strategy in intestinal inflammatory disorders. Colitis was induced with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) or dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS) in mice treated with selective 5-HT7 receptor antagonist SB-269970, as well as in mice lacking 5-HT7 receptor (5-HT7−/−) and irradiated wild-type mice reconstituted with bone marrow cells harvested from 5-HT7−/− mice. Inhibition of 5-HT7 receptor signaling with SB-269970 ameliorated both acute and chronic colitis induced by DSS. Treatment with SB-269970 resulted in lower clinical disease, histological damage, and proinflammatory cytokine levels compared with vehicle-treated mice post-DSS. Colitis severity was significantly lower in 5-HT7−/− mice and in mice reconstituted with bone marrow cells from 5-HT7−/− mice compared with control mice after DSS colitis. 5-HT7−/− mice also had significantly reduced DNBS-induced colitis. These observations provide us with novel information on the critical role of the 5-HT7 receptor in immune response and inflammation in the gut, and highlight the potential benefit of targeting this receptor to alleviate the severity of intestinal inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease.
Research on the Design of Archives Management Information Assessment System

According to actual work characteristics, function and the related standard of achieve management information system, a comprehensive evaluation system is established especially for achieve management. The evaluation index system is composed of primary, secondary indexes and reference elements. The primary indexes include system function, system performance, system utilization and system efficiency. And in the same time the secondary indexes are also discussed. For the achieve management evaluation system the primary index and secondary indexes' weights are determined by the fuzzy consistent matrix theory.
Clinical trial results with antithrombin III in sepsis

ObjectiveTo present and discuss the rationale and results of clinical trials using antithrombin (AT) supplementation in patients with sepsis. Data Sources/Study SelectionReview of all controlled (open or double-blind) studies of patients with severe sepsis or septic shock who were treated with AT concentrates to obtain better control of coagulation activation and inflammation. Data ExtractionAT is a major inhibitor of the coagulation cascade. Recent experimental studies have also shown that it can modulate the inflammatory reactions that occur during sepsis. An early and prolonged decrease in AT activity is well documented during sepsis-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation and during the systemic inflammatory response. Thus, supplementation with AT concentrates has been proposed as a potential therapy in sepsis patients. Data SynthesisNumerous uncontrolled studies of AT supplementation in sepsis patients have been reported in the last 20 yrs. Since 1993, four placebo-controlled randomized studies have been performed in France, Germany, Northwestern Europe, and Italy. Three of these studies were subjected to a meta-analysis of 122 patients. Results showed a nonsignificant 22% reduction in the 30-day all-cause mortality and a reduction in the length of stay in the intensive care unit in the AT treated group. The Italian study of 120 patients demonstrated that the overall mortality was similar in the placebo and treated groups. However, post hoc analysis according to the Cox regression model showed that in patients with septic shock, AT supplementation significantly decreased the risk of death. ConclusionsTogether, these studies are consistent with the positive effect seen with AT supplementation in patients with severe sepsis. A multicenter phase III trial is currently in progress to definitively document its effect on mortality.
Human pluripotent stem cell models of cardiac disease: from mechanisms to therapies

ABSTRACT It is now a decade since human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were first described. The reprogramming of adult somatic cells to a pluripotent state has become a robust technology that has revolutionised our ability to study human diseases. Crucially, these cells capture all the genetic aspects of the patient from which they were derived. Combined with advances in generating the different cell types present in the human heart, this has opened up new avenues to study cardiac disease in humans and investigate novel therapeutic approaches to treat these pathologies. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of the field regarding the generation of cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells and methods to assess them functionally, an essential requirement when investigating disease and therapeutic outcomes. We critically evaluate whether treatments suggested by these in vitro models could be translated to clinical practice. Finally, we consider current shortcomings of these models and propose methods by which they could be further improved. Summary: This Review discusses how human pluripotent stem cells have revolutionised the study of cardiac disease, highlighting their impact in investigating pathogenesis and their use in drug discovery, as well as current challenges facing the field.
Automatic Generation of Structure Preserving Multiresolution Models

We are proposing a multiresolution representation which uses a subdivision surface as a smooth base surface with respect to which a high resolution mesh is dened by normal displacement. While this basic representation is quite straightforward, our actual contribution lies in the automatic generation of such a representation. Given a high resolution mesh, our algorithm is designed to derive a subdivision control mesh whose structure is properly adjusted and aligned to the major geometric features. This implies that the control vertices of the subdivision surface not only control globally smooth deformations but in addition that these deformations are meaningful in the sense that their support and shape correspond to the characteristic structure of the input mesh. This is achieved by using a new decimation scheme for general polygonal meshes (not just triangles) that is based on face merging instead of edge collapsing. A face-based integral metric makes the decimation scheme very robust such that we can obtain extremely coarse control meshes which in turn allow for deformations with large support.
On Rota's Basis Conjecture

Rota conjectured that if $(B_1,\ldots,B_n)$ are disjoint bases in a rank-$n$ matroid $M$, then there are $n$ disjoint transversals of $(B_1,\ldots,B_n)$ that are bases of $M$. We prove the weaker result that there are $O(\sqrt n)$ disjoint transversals of $(B_1,\ldots,B_n)$ that are bases. We also prove that if $(B_1,\ldots,B_k)$ are disjoint bases of a rank-$n$ matroid with $n> \binom{k+1}{2}$, then there are $n$ disjoint independent transversals of $(B_1,\ldots,B_k)$.
Robust identification of molecularly targeted drug effect coefficient using H∞ filter

In recent years, targeted therapy to treat cancer is gaining popularity. However, how to quantitatively and dynamically analyze the drug effect for molecularly targeted agents is quite different from traditional cytotoxic drugs. A novel preclinical model combining experimental methods and theoretical analysis is proposed to investigate the mechanisms of action and identify pharmacodynamic characteristic of a targeted drug. A robust estimator, namely the H∞ filter, is applied to time-course data of tumor cells' responses to drugs. The results show strong correlation between dosage and drug effect coefficient. The proposed method will help us gain more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of action of drugs and design better dosing regimens for targeted therapy.
Header Compression and Neighbor Discovery in 6LoWPAN based IoT - a survey

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the next generation technology which is expected to bring a major revolution in the art of creating smarter environments. In order to uniquely identify each device in smart environment, a new protocol using IPv6 over Low-power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) has been developed which supports management of sleep cycles of device for power management. However issues in a LoWPAN networks include bountiful utilization of bandwidth due to over dissemination of packets during Neighbor Discovery (ND) and headers with larger size lead to prodigal power consumption leading to short network life. This paper is a survey on state-of-art of ND techniques like ND++, Context Aware Resource Discovery (CARD) & HC techniques like Generic Header Compression, compressed DTLS in 6LoWPAN. The outcomes of the survey show that there is a prospect of optimization in ND and HC, with a clear aim to enhance the efficiency of 6LoWPAN for the low power and low processing capabilities of IoT devices.
The Synergistic Role TQM and Reengineering Could Play in Standardizing the European Vaccination Policy

For the implementation of the proposed European standardized vaccination, total quality management (TQM) and reengineering could be powerful tools with a potentially synergistic effect. In the case examined, nonexplicit TQM prepared the organization in several ways for reengineering: providing the human capital, making people think beyond their daily tasks, and pulling the inertial professional organization in the direction of an “adhocracy. ” The quiet role management played, the incentive supplied by a high authority, the quick creation of solutions, and the existence of a realistic crisis represent other success factors.
Defining the Recognition Elements of Lewis Y-Reactive Antibodies

Antibody response to carbohydrate antigens is often independent of T cells and the process of affinity/specificity improvement is considered strictly dependent on the germinal centers. Antibodies induced during a T cell-independent type 2 (TI-2) response are less variable and less functionally versatile than those induced with T cell help. The antigen specificity consequences of accumulation of somatic mutations in antibodies during TI-2 responses of Marginal Zone (MZ) B cells is a fact that still needs explanation. Germline genes that define carbohydrate-reactive antibodies are known to sculpt antibody-combining sites containing innate, key side-chain contacts that define the antigen recognition step. However, substitutions associated with MZ B cell derived antibodies might affect the mobility and polyspecificity of the antibody. To examine this hypothesis, we analyzed antibodies reactive with the neolactoseries antigen Lewis Y (LeY) to define the residue subset required for the reactive repertoire for the LeY antigen. Our molecular simulation studies of crystallographically determined and modeled antibody-LeY complexes suggests that the heavy-chain germline gene VH7183.a13. 20 and the light-chain Vκ cr1 germline gene are sufficient to account for the recognition of the trisaccharide-H determinant Types 1–4, while the specificity for LeY is driven by the CDR3 backbone conformation of the heavy chain and not the side chain interactions. These results confirm that these monoclonals use germline-encoded amino acids to recognize simple carbohydrate determinants like trisaccharide-H but relies on somatic mutations in the periphery of the combining site to modify affinity for LeY through electrostatic interactions that leads to their optimized binding. These observations bring further attention to the role of mutations in T-cell independent antibodies to distinguish self from non-self carbohydrate antigens.
Dopaminergic Neurons from Midbrain-Specified Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neural Stem Cells Engrafted in a Monkey Model of Parkinson’s Disease

The use of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to repair diseased or injured brain is promising technology with significant humanitarian, societal and economic impact. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological disorder characterized by the loss of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons. The generation of this cell type will fulfill a currently unmet therapeutic need. We report on the isolation and perpetuation of a midbrain-specified self-renewable human neural stem cell line (hNSCs) from hESCs. These hNSCs grew as a monolayer and uniformly expressed the neural precursor markers nestin, vimentin and a radial glial phenotype. We describe a process to direct the differentiation of these hNSCs towards the DA lineage. Glial conditioned media acted synergistically with fibroblastic growth factor and leukemia inhibitory factor to induce the expression of the DA marker, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), in the hNSC progeny. The glial-derived neurotrophic factor did not fully mimic the effects of conditioned media. The hNSCs expressed the midbrain-specific transcription factors Nurr1 and Pitx3. The inductive effects did not modify the level of the glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) transcript, a marker for GABAergic neurons, while the TH transcript increased 10-fold. Immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated that the TH-expressing cells did not co-localize with GAD. The transplantation of these DA-induced hNSCs into the non-human primate MPTP model of PD demonstrated that the cells maintain their DA-induced phenotype, extend neurite outgrowths and express synaptic markers.
Data-Driven Robust Taxi Dispatch Under Demand Uncertainties

In modern taxi networks, large amounts of taxi occupancy status and location data are collected from networked in-vehicle sensors in realtime. They provide knowledge of system models on passenger demand and mobility patterns for efficient taxi dispatch and coordination strategies. Such approaches face new challenges: how to deal with uncertainties of predicted customer demand while fulfilling the system’s performance requirements, including minimizing taxis’ total idle mileage and maintaining service fairness across the whole city; how to formulate a computationally tractable problem. To address this problem, we develop a data-driven robust taxi dispatch framework to consider spatial-temporally correlated demand uncertainties. The robust vehicle dispatch problem we formulate is concave in the uncertain demand and convex in the decision variables. Uncertainty sets of random demand vectors are constructed from data based on theories in hypothesis testing, and provide a desired probabilistic guarantee level for the performance of robust taxi dispatch solutions. We prove equivalent computationally tractable forms of the robust dispatch problem using the minimax theorem and strong duality. Evaluations on four years of taxi trip data for New York City show that by selecting a probabilistic guarantee level at 75%, the average demand–supply ratio error is reduced by 31.7%, and the average total idle driving distance is reduced by 10.13% or about 20 million miles annually, compared with nonrobust dispatch solutions.
Adaptive Assistance for Brain-Computer Interfaces by Online Prediction of Command Reliability

One of the challenges of using brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) over extended periods of time is the variation of the users' performance from one experimental day to another. The goal of the current study is to propose a performance estimator for an electroencephalography-based motor imagery BCI by assessing the reliability of a command (i.e., predicting a 'short' or 'long' command delivery time, CDT). Using a short time window (<;1.5 s, shorter than the delivery time) of the mental task execution and a linear discriminant analysis classifier, we could reliably differentiate between short and long CDT (Area under the sensitivity-specificity curve, AUC . 0.8) for 9 healthy subjects. Moreover, we assessed the feasibility of providing online adaptive assistance using the performance estimator in a BCI game by comparing two conditions: (i) allowing a 'fixed timeout' to deliver each command or (ii) providing 'adaptive assistance' by giving more time if the performance estimator detects a long CDT. The results revealed that providing adaptive assistance increases the ratio of correct commands significantly cantly (p <;0.01). Moreover, the task load index (measured via the NASA TLX questionnaire) shows a significantly higher user acceptance in case of providing adaptive assistance (p <;0.01). Furthermore, the results obtained in this study were used to simulate a robotic navigation scenario, which showed how adaptive assistance improved performance.
Nonstandard dielectric response

We compare a nonlinear model for the dielectric effect with a standard discontinuous dielectric model. We also compare both with a discontinuous dielectric model which has an intermediate value in a region between the low dielectric and high dielectric regions in the standard model. These results demonstrate that predictions of the electrostatic environment near the surface of a protein depend strongly on the behavior of the dielectric near the surface. Continuum models of dielectric solvents surrounding molecules are essential components in predictions of structural conformation and protonation states [1, 15, 22, 28]. These models often are required to estimate the change in electrostatic energy due to a change in charge at a single point at the surface of a protein, e.g., in hydrogen exchange experiments [1, 15, 28]. However, the standard dielectric has a discontinuity at the protein boundary, thus making such estimates delicate. There is continuing research to identify the proper dielectric model. Several models have been proposed to account for aspects of the dielectric effect that go beyond the original model of Debye [11, 22]. Two different effects near a protein surface lead to suggestions for improvement to the basic bulk dielectric model. The finite size of dielectric molecules implies that they have reduced response to high-frequency electric fields, leading to proposals for what is generally known as a nonlocal dielectric model [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 20, 23, 24, 25, 26, 32]. Such effects are seen even on the subatomic scale related to electronic polarization [18, 27]. Such high ∗The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, email: ridg@uchicago.edu
The impact of failure management on the stability of communication networks

In this work we deal with communication networks in which links may fail. We propose an adversarial model for describing the traffic pattern occurring in this type of faulty systems and study properties concerning their stability, especially under (nontrivial) underloaded worse-case scenarios. We show that, depending on how the system is organized and prepared to deal with failures, the dynamics of the system change and thus the conditions for stability. We propose three different ways of failure management and study how they influence on the stability of faulty communication networks under the adversarial model proposed. We show that some failure managements can provoke the instability of even very simple networks.
University-Industry Partnerships in MIT, Cambridge, and Tokyo: Storytelling Across Boundaries

Acknowledgements Prologue Part 1: Introduction 1. The Problem Part 2: The Contexts 2. National contexts 3. Organizational contexts Part 3: The Three Cases 4. The MIT way 5. The Cambridge Phenomenon 6. The Tokyo Story Part 4: Findings and Conclusions 7. Summarizing the nature of change 8. Shaping change: external and internal boundaries 9. Dynamics of change: the role of dialectics and storytelling 10. Conclusions Appendix I: Tables Appendix II: Social construction of a dissertation References Notesotes
PSPACE Automata for Description Logics

Tree automata are often used for satisfiability testing in the area of description logics, which usually yields ExpTime complexity results. We examine conditions under which this result can be improved, and we define two classes of automata, called segmentable and weakly-segmentable, for which emptiness can be decided using space logarithmic in the size of the automaton (and thus polynomial in the size of the input). The usefulness of segmentable automata is demonstrated by reproving the known PSpace result for satisfiability of ALC concepts with respect to acyclic
Bedingungsfaktoren der Nutzung digitaler Medien an berufsbildenden Schulen - Eine empirische Standortbestimmung aus der Sicht von Lehrkräften. Teil 2

Analysiert werden empirische Studien Â– uberwiegend Lehrerbefragungen des Zeitraums 2001-2007 - hinsichtlich der Fragestellung, welche Infrastruktur fur die Nutzung digitaler Medien an berufsbildenden Schulen in Deutschland aktuell vorliegt und welche Bedingungsfaktoren die Integration digitaler Medien in den Unterricht behindern respektive begunstigen. Besonders fokussiert wird dabei eine qualitative Studie an 15 beruflichen Schulen der Landeshauptstadt Munchen. Ergebnis der Analyse ist eine Standortbestimmung der technischen und didaktischen Integration digitaler Medien an berufsbildenden Schulen in Deutschland aus der Sicht der dort arbeitenden Lehrkrafte. (DIPF/Autor)