Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anchor-Points Algorithms for Hamming and Edit Distances Using MapReduce

Algorithms for computing similarity joins in MapReduce were oered in [2]. Similarity joins ask to nd input pairs that are within a certain distance d according to some distance measure. Here we explore the \anchor-points algorithm" of [2]. We continue looking at Hamming distance, and show that the method of that paper can be improved; in particular, if we want to nd strings within Hamming distance d, and anchor points are chosen so that every possible input is within Hamming distance k of some anchor point, then it is sucient to send each input to all anchor points within distance (d=2)+k, rather than d+k as was suggested in the earlier paper. This improves on the communication cost of the MapReduce algorithm, i.e., reduces the amount of data transmitted among machines. Further, the same holds for edit distance, provided inputs all have the same length n and either the length of all anchor points is n k or the length of all anchor points is n +k. We then explore the problem of nding small sets of anchor points for edit distance, which also provides an improvement on the communication cost. We give a close-to-optimal technique to extend anchor sets (called \covering codes") from the k = 1 case to any k. We then give small covering codes that use either a single deletion or a single insertion, or { in one algorithm { two deletions. Discovering covering codes for edit distance is important in its own right, since very little work is known.
Reinforcement, Glucose Metabolism and Memory Formation: A Possible Role for Astrocytes

Abstract In the CNS, information processing, including memory formation, has been rightly viewed as primarily a neuronal function. In recent years, however, considerable evidence has been accumulated suggesting that astrocytes, a subclass of glia cells, may play a critical role in memory processing through their interactions with neurones in the regulation of the cellular microenvironment, in neurotransmitter and neuromodulator synthesis and release, and in energy metabolism. In day-old chicks trained on a single-trial discriminated passive avoidance task, astrocyte-neurone interactions in the regulation of extracellular potassium and calcium levels, in replenishment of neurotransmitter glutamate for glutamatergic and GABAergic neurones, and in glucose metabolism may determine whether a learning experience is consolidated into permanent memory. In particular, while the energy requirements for short-term memory stages are adequately met by glucose metabolism in neuronal and astrocytic citric acid cycles, t.
Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors

SUMMARY Neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract are relatively rare neoplasms derived from the diffuse endocrine system (DES), and classified as APUDomas. These neoplasms include mainly pancreatic endocrine tumors (islet cells) and carcinoids. Although malignant, these tumors are often slow-growing. Frequently, these neoplasms secrete hormonal peptides and vasoactive amines that can produce specific endocrine syndromes (islet cell syndromes and carcinoid syndrome). One of the most common symptoms accompanying these syndromes is chronic diarrhea, which can be refractory to standard therapies. Recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology of these tumors have led to better medical therapies for controlling symptoms, diarrhea, and tumor growth. Surgery, chemotherapy, somatostatin analogues, and biologic therapies can all contribute to treatment. This review will cover recent advances in diagnosing and treating these neoplasms and the symptoms they produce. Key words: Gastrointestinal, Neuroendocrine, Tumor, chronic diarrhea.
Automatic classification of doctor-patient questions for a virtual patient record query task

We present the work-in-progress of automating the classification of doctor-patient questions in the context of a simulated consultation with a virtual patient. We classify questions according to the computational strategy (rule-based or other) needed for looking up data in the clinical record. We compare ‘traditional’ machine learning methods (Gaussian and Multinomial Naive Bayes, and Support Vector Machines) and a neural network classifier (FastText). We obtained the best results with the SVM using semantic annotations, whereas the neural classifier achieved promising results without it.
O papel da visão na aversão aos espaços abertos no labirinto em cruz elevado

Le labyrinthe en croix eleve est un des plus employes modeles pour l'etude d' anxiete, peur et des drogues que modifient ces etats emotionnelles. Malgre sa simplicite apparente, il y a plusieurs de facteurs affectant le comportement des rats soumis a ce modele. D'autre part, on ne connais pas exactement quelles sont les stimulations environnementales declenchant l'aversion dans ce modele. Le present travail suggere que, dans les etudes ou les stimulations auditifs et olfactifs sont controles, l'aversion chez les rats est declenche par la vision. L' hypothese de travail est que les mecanismes mediateurs de la aversion (et des etats emotionnelles concomitants) sont declenches par l'entree de la lumiere et par la formation d'images chez la retine de ces animaux. Pour legitimer ces hypotheses complementaires, plusieurs experiences sont analyses, dont les resultats privilegient un et l'autre hypothese. Finalement, resultats obtenues avec la marquage de la proteine c-Fos portent evidence neurofonctionnelle soutient les deux hypotheses suggeres.
Role of vasoactive factors in the pathogenesis of early changes in diabetic retinopathy

Several interactive and mutually perpetuating abnormal biochemical pathways, such as protein kinase C (PKC) activation, augmented polyol pathway, and non‐enzymatic glycation, may be activated as a result of sustained hyperglycemia in diabetes. These abnormal pathways may in turn influence several vasoactive factors, which are probably instrumental in the production of functional and morphological changes in the retina in diabetes. The vasoactive factors such as endothelins, nitric oxide, vascular endothelial growth factors, etc., are of importance in mediating functional and structural alterations in early diabetic retinopathy. Intricate and interactive regulatory mechanism(s) among these factors may control ultimate availability of these molecules to produce biologically significant effects. A better understanding of these factors and their interactions would aid the development of adjuvant therapies for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermoregulation in Women

Abstract : Early investigations concerning thermoregulation in women emphasized direct comparisons to men; eventually the importance of controlling for physical fitness, heat acclimation, body fat, and size before comparing men and women was recognized. Most recent studies have emphasized the importance of controlling for menstrual cycle phase in thermoregulatory studies. Since it has become obvious that the reproductive cycle has profound thermoregulatory effects, the interactions between endocrine and thermoregulatory systems must be clarified. Future study of thermoregulation in women should focus on the complex integration of these and other regulatory systems to understand the unique thermoregulatory responses of women.
Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations

In early 1980s, researchers discovered self-setting calcium orthophosphate cements, which are bioactive and biodegradable grafting bioceramics in the form of a powder and a liquid. After mixing, both phases form pastes, which set and harden forming either a non-stoichiometric calcium deficient hydroxyapatite or brushite. Since both of them are remarkably biocompartible, bioresorbable and osteoconductive, self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations appear to be promising bioceramics for bone grafting. Furthermore, such formulations possess excellent molding capabilities, easy manipulation and nearly perfect adaptation to the complex shapes of bone defects, followed by gradual bioresorption and new bone formation. In addition, reinforced formulations have been introduced, which might be described as calcium orthophosphate concretes. The discovery of self-setting properties opened up a new era in the medical application of calcium orthophosphates and many commercial trademarks have been introduced as a result. Currently such formulations are widely used as synthetic bone grafts, with several advantages, such as pourability and injectability. Moreover, their low-temperature setting reactions and intrinsic porosity allow loading by drugs, biomolecules and even cells for tissue engineering purposes. In this review, an insight into the self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations, as excellent bioceramics suitable for both dental and bone grafting applications, has been provided.
Traveling the Superinformation Highway

According to the 1997 American Internet User Survey and the Georgia Tech Research Corporation's WWW User Survey (1998) there are approximately 31 million American adults using computers, the Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW), with 5 million of these users being African American (Hoffman & Novak, 1998). This colossal figure supports the general consensus that more and more Americans believe that a working knowledge of computer technology in general and the Internet and WWW in particular is essential for business, education, and personal applications. The data from the American Internet User Survey and Georgia Tech's Research Corporation's WWW User Survey also indicate that, as a group, African Americans, Latinos, and Asian Pacific American adults make up less than 14% of these users. ' The Internet and WWW data that are specific to African Americans are difficult to find. That is, quantifiable data concerning their use of computers, the Internet, and the WWW are virtually absent from the literature, and there are very few data concerning their attitudes toward computers, the Internet, and the WWW. The usage data that do exist describe a picture of privilege and segregation. For example, Brook and Boale (1995) and others (Anderson, Bikson, Law, & Mitchell, 1995) have found that those who are "surfing the superinformation highway" are typically well
Catnip: Its Raison d'�tre

Catnip (nepetalactone) is closely related chemically to certain cyclopentanoid monoterpenes recently isolated from insects, and it shares with some of these terpenes an ability to repel insects. It is suggested that the adaptive function of catnip is to protect the plants that produce it against phytophagous insects.
Calibration of Inductance Standards in the Maxwell-Wien Bridge Circuit *

This paper discusses t he errors from residuals in t he Maxwell-vVien bridge a,nd t he effect of t hese on t he measurement of indu ctors in a bridge not having a vVagner ground. Particular atte ntio n is given to t he usc of substitution m ethods for accurate measurem ents a nd es pecially to the "equal-substi tut io n" (co mparison) method , which can vield excellent precision in the calibration of inductance stanclarcl s-:- .
An efficient IP-level power model for complex digital circuits

In this paper, we propose an efficient IP-level power model with a small lookup table for complex CMOS circuits. The table has only one dimension that maps the zero-delay charging and discharging capacitance into the real power consumption of pattern pairs but still has high accuracy. In order to improve the efficiency of the characterization process, the Monte Carlo approach is used during the estimation of the average power, to skip the samples that will not increase the accuracy too much. The experimental result shows the table sizes are only up to 107 entries for ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits and the estimation error is only 2.99% on average using the lookup table.
meso-Transdiene Analogs Inhibit Vesicular Monoamine Transporter-2 Function and Methamphetamine-Evoked Dopamine Release

Lobeline, a nicotinic receptor antagonist and neurotransmitter transporter inhibitor, is a candidate pharmacotherapy for methamphetamine abuse. meso-Transdiene (MTD), a lobeline analog, lacks nicotinic receptor affinity, retains affinity for vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), and, surprisingly, has enhanced affinity for dopamine (DA) and serotonin transporters [DA transporter (DAT) and serotonin transporter (SERT), respectively]. In the current study, MTD was evaluated for its ability to decrease methamphetamine self-administration in rats relative to food-maintained responding. MTD specifically decreased methamphetamine self-administration, extending our previous work. Classical structure-activity relationships revealed that more conformationally restricted MTD analogs enhanced VMAT2 selectivity and drug likeness, whereas affinity at the dihydrotetrabenazine binding and DA uptake sites on VMAT2 was not altered. Generally, MTD analogs exhibited 50- to 1000-fold lower affinity for DAT and were equipotent or had 10-fold higher affinity for SERT, compared with MTD. Representative analogs from the series potently and competitively inhibited [3H]DA uptake at VMAT2. (3Z,5Z)-3,5-bis(2,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-1-methylpiperidine (UKMH-106), the 3Z,5Z-2,4-dichlorophenyl MTD analog, had improved selectivity for VMAT2 over DAT and importantly inhibited methamphetamine-evoked DA release from striatal slices. In contrast, (3Z,5E)-3,5-bis(2,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-1-methylpiperidine (UKMH-105), the 3Z,5E-geometrical isomer, inhibited DA uptake at VMAT2, but did not inhibit methamphetamine-evoked DA release. Taken together, these results suggest that these geometrical isomers interact at alternate sites on VMAT2, which are associated with distinct pharmacophores. Thus, structural modification of the MTD molecule resulted in analogs exhibiting improved drug likeness and improved selectivity for VMAT2, as well as the ability to decrease methamphetamine-evoked DA release, supporting the further evaluation of these analogs as treatments for methamphetamine abuse.
From Tweets to Wellness: Wellness Event Detection from Twitter Streams

Social media platforms have become the most popular means for users to share what is happening around them. The abundance and growing usage of social media has resulted in a large repository of users' social posts, which provides a stethoscope for inferring individuals' lifestyle and wellness. As users' social accounts implicitly reflect their habits, preferences, and feelings, it is feasible for us to monitor and understand the wellness of users by harvesting social media data towards a healthier lifestyle. As a first step towards accomplishing this goal, we propose to automatically extract wellness events from users' published social contents. Existing approaches for event extraction are not applicable to personal wellness events due to its domain nature characterized by plenty of noise and variety in data, insufficient samples, and inter-relation among events.To tackle these problems, we propose an optimization learning framework that utilizes the content information of microblogging messages as well as the relations between event categories. By imposing a sparse constraint on the learning model, we also tackle the problems arising from noise and variation in microblogging texts. Experimental results on a real-world dataset from Twitter have demonstrated the superior performance of our framework.
Tracking multiple moving objects for mobile robotics navigation

For mobile vehicle navigation in dynamic environments it is desirable that robots have a model of the dynamic aspects of the world. In this paper we present a method for detection and tracking of multiple moving objects using sensor information. The method uses particle filters to estimate objects states, and sample based joint probabilistic data association filters to perform the assignment of features detected from sensor data to filters. A perception mechanism, based on occupancy grids, is presented to distinguish between mobile features and static objects. Experimental results from a real-time implementation using a laser range sensor are presented demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of the presented methods
The Moderating Effects of Message Framing and Source Credibility on the Price-perceived Risk Relationship

One factor that research has identified as a critical determinant of consumers' willingness to buy a new product or brand is the perceived risk associated with the purchase. Consequently, a better understanding of the factors affecting consumers' perceptions of the financial and performance risk entailed by the purchase of a new brand is of both theoretical and pragmatic importance. Previous research has suggested that a new product's price affects consumers' perceptions of risk. The current article extends and integrates previous research by proposing that the effect of price on consumers' perceptions of risk is moderated by two communication factors: message framing and source credibility. The results of an experiment support the predictions that the influence of price on consumers' perceptions of performance risk is greater when the message is framed negatively or the credibility of the source is low. In addition, the results support the prediction that the effect of price on consumers' perceptions of financial risk is greater when the message is framed positively.
Product Scarcity by Need for Uniqueness Interaction: A Consumer Catch-22 Carousel?

According to uniqueness theory (Snyder & Fromkin, 1980), persons are motivated to maintain a sense of specialness as they define themselves on various important self-related dimensions relative to others. The need for uniqueness may vary across differing situations and persons; as such, a high need for uniqueness may be related to (a) forces in a given situation that promote an extreme sense of high similarity and (b) dispositional factors that influence the high need for uniqueness across a variety of situations. Because commodities are an important source for defining one's sense of self in Western culture, it is reasoned that scarce products provide a vehicle for establishing one's specialness when the need for uniqueness is activated. In support of this contention, studies in which product scarcity (low vs. high) is crossed with need for uniqueness (low vs. high) have typically produced an interaction such that the high-need for uniqueness persons are especially attracted to scarce product s (Lynn, 19.
A political investment: revisiting race and racism in the research process

This paper draws upon a two-year Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) funded study into the educational strategies of the black middle classes to examine the role of race and racism in the research process. Specifically, it explores how my political positioning and experiences of racism, as a black female scholar, shaped not only my engagement with the research but also how I was perceived and positioned by others. This is analysed in terms of three areas: the recruitment and identification of research participants, the interview process and the dissemination of the project findings. While consideration of the researcher's race and racial politics tended to run parallel to or quietly intersect with the project development, fieldwork and analysis, it is argued that these factors, in actuality, play a significant and highly informative role in shaping a broader, nuanced conceptualisation of race and racism that is too often silenced and neglected in race research and the academy as a whole. Informed by Fanon and Critical Race Theory, it is posited that these seemingly peripheral race moments need to be foregrounded, named and analysed not just by scholars of colour but also by white colleagues electing to do race research. Such call to action remains fundamental within a wider socio-political context that increasingly is devoid of meaningful engagement with race and racism.
Critical Random Graphs: Limiting Constructions and Distributional Properties

We consider the Erdos-Renyi random graph $G(n,p)$ inside the critical window, where $p=1/n+\lambda n^{-4/3}$ for some $\lambda\in\mathbb{R}$. We proved in [1] that considering the connected components of $G(n,p)$ as a sequence of metric spaces with the graph distance rescaled by $n^{-1/3}$ and letting $n\to\infty$ yields a non-trivial sequence of limit metric spaces $C=(C_1,C_2,\ldots)$. These limit metric spaces can be constructed from certain random real trees with vertex-identifications. For a single such metric space, we give here two equivalent constructions, both of which are in terms of more standard probabilistic objects. The first is a global construction using Dirichlet random variables and Aldous' Brownian continuum random tree. The second is a recursive construction from an inhomogeneous Poisson point process on $\mathbb{R}_+$. These constructions allow us to characterize the distributions of the masses and lengths in the constituent parts of a limit component when it is decomposed according to its cycle structure. In particular, this strengthens results of [29] by providing precise distributional convergence for the lengths of paths between kernel vertices and the length of a shortest cycle, within any fixed limit component
Teoria da Ação Comunicativa (Habermas): estrutura, fundamentos e implicações do modelo

This article does not intend to analyze the Habermas’ bodywork. But thinking exclusively the Theory of Communicative Action (TAC) first in relation to the theoretical ones that affirms to be based, later in the sense of his own logical articulation interns and finally in relation to his object of researches, the social reality. Its tries to demonstrate that TAC executes two conceptual turns essential: (a) one when limiting acting strategic to the space of the economy and the politics and (b) when defining culture, sociability and subjectivity as dimensions constituted in the world of the life.