Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Book Reviews : Hudson, W. W., & Nurius, P. S. (Eds.). (1994). Controversial Issues in Social Work Research. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. 242 pp., $32.95, ISBN 0-205-5615-0

Social work is a broad, value-based profession that deals with a wide range of human problems from a variety of perspectives. This heterogeneity and multiplicity has contributed significantly to the rivalry and dissension that are encountered when discussion related to knowledge-building is brought to the fore. Although most would offer support for the contention that social work has, and continues to need, a firm commitment to knowledge-building, few, it seems, can agree on the most suitable
Estimation of Rician K-Factors from Block-Averaged Channel Measurements

Using simulated data with varying Rician K-factor, averaging block length (N), and sample size (P), this letter proposes and validates two new moment-based, unbiased estimators for block-averaged Rician data and presents a model for their standard errors. One estimator, K̑<sub>1,2</sub>, has standard error that varies linearly with K and requires iterative calculation. The other estimator K̑<sub>2,4</sub>, has standard error that can be orders of magnitude larger than the estimates, but has a closed-form solution. K̑<sub>2,4</sub> can, however, be recommended when (N ≤ 16, P ≥ 100) if real-time constraints require it. K̑<sub>1,2</sub> is recommended otherwise.
The Influence of Sourcing and Relatedness on Event Integration

This study investigated the influence of sourcing and relatedness on the integration of events embedded in simple stories. Participants read pairs of "breaking news stories" from either 1 or 2 news agencies that were believed to be from the Internet. The stories within each pair were either related by virtue of shared situational dimensions (e.g., same protagonist, same location, causal continuity) or were unrelated to one another. One third of the participants believed the news stories were from different online news agencies and were told to remember the source of each event, one third were not instructed to remember the source, and one third thought the events only came from 1 source. Priming data from a recognition task indicated that relatedness increased integration, whereas sourcing decreased integration. The results were discussed in the context of models of discourse comprehension.
The active‐passive test: An age‐referenced clinical test of syntactic discrimination

The construction and use of a test of syntactic discrimination are described. Fifty children (10 each at 6, 8,10,12, and 14 years of age), selected for median scholastic class performance, were tested. The number of correct syntactic discriminations and response latencies were calculated for each of the four sentence forms: active affirmative, passive affirmative, active negative, and passive negative. Comprehension of the sentences improved with age, although even the youngest children identified forms like the passive affirmative at a better‐than‐chance level. Age‐related improvements in test performance were nonlinear and varied with sentence form. Several factors influenced test performance: the semantic relations expressed by different verbs, surface syntactic features, and the degree of syntactic complexity. The effect of a given factor varied with both the age of the child and the performance measure. After age 6, increased skill was associated with the selective allocation of processing time to se.
A Survey of Software Testing in the Cloud

Cloud computing has emerged as a new computing paradigm that impacts several different research fields, including software testing. Testing cloud applications has its own peculiarities that demand for novel testing methods and tools. On the other hand, cloud computing also facilitates and provides opportunities for the development of more effective and scalable software testing techniques. This paper reports on a systematic survey of published results attained by the synergy of these two research fields. We provide an overview regarding main contributions, trends, gaps, opportunities, challenges and possible research directions. We provide a review of software testing over the cloud literature and categorize the body of work in the field.
Who's to blame? Action identification in allocating responsibility for alleged rape

Principles of action identification theory were examined for their relevance to the allocation of responsibility for alleged rape. Subjects learned of a rape incident in which the motives of the alleged perpetrator and victim were somewhat ambiguous. We induced subjects to identify the action of the target (the perpetrator or victim) in either low level terms (e.g., the action's details) or relatively high level terms (e.g., the action's effects or implications), and then exposed them to one of two mutually inconsistent conclusions regarding the respective responsibility of the perpetrator and victim for what happened. Extrapolating from research on the representation of one's own actions (e.g., Wegner et al., 1984), we predicted that subjects in the low level conditions would allocate responsibility between the perpetrator and victim in a manner that was consistent with the conclusion they were provided, but that subjects in the high level conditions would not show such judgmental emergence. Support for .
Main factors of job satisfaction among primary school educators

Job satisfaction is an important issue, but remains a complex one as it is difficult to measure. A wide range of factors such as the working environment, its manner of organisation, demography and individual circumstances, etc., can substantially affect the level of job satisfaction attained by individuals. Job satisfaction and the teaching profession are highly associated, with an important aspect of education policy being ‘the importance of attracting and retaining well-motivated and capable teachers’ (Cockburn & Haydn, 2004: 1) while the motivation, recruitment and the retention of teachers is connected with job satisfaction (Butt et al., 2005; Evans, 1998; Crossman & Harris, 2006). Only a limited amount of empirical research concerning the determinants of the levels of job satisfaction for school teachers in Greece’s education system has been undertaken. This study is based on the factor analysis of principal components so as to derive those groups of variables while the purpose of this article is to identify the factors of job satisfaction among primary teachers.
On Efficiency of Constrained Longitudinal Data Analysis Versus Longitudinal Analysis of Covariance

Summary: In randomized clinical trials, measurements are often collected on each subject at a baseline visit and several post‐randomization time points. The longitudinal analysis of covariance in which the postbaseline values form the response vector and the baseline value is treated as a covariate can be used to evaluate the treatment differences at the postbaseline time points. Liang and Zeger (2000, Sankhyā: The Indian Journal of Statistics, Series B 62, 134–148) propose a constrained longitudinal data analysis in which the baseline value is included in the response vector together with the postbaseline values and a constraint of a common baseline mean across treatment groups is imposed on the model as a result of randomization. If the baseline value is subject to missingness, the constrained longitudinal data analysis is shown to be more efficient for estimating the treatment differences at postbaseline time points than the longitudinal analysis of covariance. The efficiency gain increases with the number of subjects missing baseline and the number of subjects missing all postbaseline values, and, for the pre–post design, decreases with the absolute correlation between baseline and postbaseline values.
Fat Mass and Obesity Associated Gene (FTO) Expression Is Regulated Negatively by the Transcription Factor Foxa2

Fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) is the first gene associated with body mass index (BMI) and risk for diabetes. FTO is highly expressed in the brain and pancreas, and is involved in regulating dietary intake and energy expenditure. To investigate the transcriptional regulation of FTO expression, we created 5′-deletion constructs of the FTO promoter to determine which transcription factors are most relevant to FTO expression. The presence of an activation region at −201/+34 was confirmed by luciferase activity analysis. A potential Foxa2 (called HNF-3β) binding site and an upstream stimulatory factor (USF)-binding site was identified in the −100 bp fragment upstream of the transcription start site (TSS). Furthermore, using mutagenesis, we identified the Foxa2 binding sequence (−26/−14) as a negative regulatory element to the activity of the human FTO promoter. The USF binding site did not affect the FTO promoter activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were performed to confirm Foxa2 binding to the FTO promoter. Overexpression of Foxa2 in HEK 293 cells significantly down-regulated FTO promoter activity and expression. Conversely, knockdown of Foxa2 by siRNA significantly up-regulated FTO expression. These findings suggest that Foxa2 negatively regulates the basal transcription and expression of the human FTO gene.
Multiple View Reconstruction of Calibrated Images using Singular Value Decomposition

Calibration in a multi camera network has widely been studied for over several years starting from the earlier days of photogrammetry. Many authors have presented several calibration algorithms with their relative advantages and disadvantages. In a stereovision system, multiple view reconstruction is a challenging task. However, the total computational procedure in detail has not been presented before. Here in this work, we are dealing with the problem that, when a world coordinate point is fixed in space, image coordinates of that 3D point vary for different camera positions and orientations. In computer vision aspect, this situation is undesirable. That is, the system has to be designed in such a way that image coordinate of the world coordinate point will be fixed irrespective of the position & orientation of the cameras. We have done it in an elegant fashion. Firstly, camera parameters are calculated in its local coordinate system. Then, we use global coordinate data to transfer all local coordinate data of stereo cameras into same global coordinate system, so that we can register everything into this global coordinate system. After all the transformations, when the image coordinate of the world coordinate point is calculated, it gives same coordinate value for all camera positions & orientations. That is, the whole system is calibrated.
Cyberbullying in Australia: Clarifying the Problem, Considering the Solutions

With the increasing use of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT), a new method of bullying has emerged known as cyberbullying. It is indeed ironic that the advancement in communication tools designed to improve the life of mankind is also the cause of much pain. More and more frequently we do read or hear of cases of young children being victims because of the misuse of ICT which have in some extreme cases led to them committing suicide. Unfortunately the ICT’s very nature of being accessible from anywhere and anytime, and its often anonymous nature makes it difficult to regulate what children say or do to each other. This paper discusses the scope of the cyberbullying problem amongst the young in Australia and considers what role the government, the courts and schools should play in detecting, deterring or preventing such conduct.
Density Based Clustering of Hotspots in Peatland with Road and River as Physical Obstacles

Indonesia has the largest peatland area among tropical countries, covering about 21 milions ha, which spread mainly in Sumatera, Kalimantan, and Papua. Land and forest fires occur almost every year in peatland areas in Indonesia. One of indicators for forest and land fires is hotspot. The objective of this study is to group hotspots with road and river as obstacles using the CPO-WCC (Clustering in Presence of Obstacles with Computed number of Cells) algorithm. Clusters of hotspot data were analyzed based on peatland area distribution. This study also evaluates the results of clustering on peatlands in order to obtain the best clusters. Clustering using CPO-WCC algorithm produces three clusters of hotspot. The area of dense cluster is 10202.10 km 2 with number of hotspots per km 2 is 0.985. The higest number of hotspots occurrence is found in peatland with type of Hemists /Saprists (60/40) and depth greater than 400 cm.
Detention of asylum seekers in the US, UK, France, Germany, and Italy

Although criminologists in the US and Europe continue to explore issues of immigration, race, and ethnicity in the context of crime, they have yet to examine the detention of asylum seekers. Still, this is a social phenomenon that requires serious consideration since in many instances such policies and practices violate international standards for the protection of refugees. This work takes a critical look at the detention of persons fleeing persecution by situating it an expanding culture of control stoked by the criminology of the other. The article offers evidence of a steady increase in the reliance on detention of asylum seekers in the US, UK, France, Germany, and Italy. Indications of a conservative shift in criminological thought affecting crime—and asylum—policy are addressed alongside concerns for human rights in a post-September 11 world.
Motion Control System of Underwater Robot without Rudder and Wing

Motion control system of underwater robot without rudder and wing is presented with hardware and software architecture. Considering coupling effects and thrust reduction of propellers, the control layer, perception layer and executive layer in underwater robot system architecture are modified. In control layer, a nonlinear controller is presented to handle coupling effects between the longitudinal dimension and other dimensions of underwater robot. The stability of the controller is verified with Lyapunov function. A virtual sonar based guidance law is proposed in perception layer to coordinate motions on different dimensions, which originates from the behavior of human beings. In executive layer a kind of thruster configuration for high speed traveling is introduced to handle thrust reduction of tunnel thrusters. Finally, the reliability and feasibility of the motion control system are demonstrated by sea trial
Career Commitment

Because of the longitudinal nature of careers, career commitment would seem to be important for career development and progression. Yet it has received little attention in the career literature. This article addresses the role of career commitment in career development and examines some personal and situational correlates of career commitment. The sample includes both managerial (n = 341) and professional (n = 85) employees. Among the variables examined, one of the strongest correlates of career commitment was having a mentor. Practical implications are discussed, including those for mentoring and organizational career development programs.
D-brane instantons on the T**6 / Z(3) orientifold

We give a detailed microscopic derivation of gauge and stringy instanton generated superpotentials for gauge theories living on D3-branes at Z_3-orientifold singularities. Gauge instantons are generated by D(-1)-branes and lead to Affleck, Dine and Seiberg (ADS) like superpotentials in the effective N=1 gauge theories with three generations of bifundamental and anti/symmetric matter. Stringy instanton effects are generated by Euclidean ED3-branes wrapping four-cycles on T^6/\Z_3. They give rise to Majorana masses in one case and non-renormalizable superpotentials for the other cases. Finally we determine the conditions under which ADS like superpotentials are generated in N=1 gauge theories with adjoints, fundamentals, symmetric and antisymmetric chiral matter.
Passivity enforcement via perturbation of Hamiltonian matrices

This paper presents a new technique for the passivity enforcement of linear time-invariant multiport systems in state-space form. This technique is based on a study of the spectral properties of related Hamiltonian matrices. The formulation is applicable in case the system input-output transfer function is in admittance, impedance, hybrid, or scattering form. A standard test for passivity is first performed by checking the existence of imaginary eigenvalues of the associated Hamiltonian matrix. In the presence of imaginary eigenvalues the system is not passive. In such a case, a new result based on first-order perturbation theory is presented for the precise characterization of the frequency bands where passivity violations occur. This characterization is then used for the design of an iterative perturbation scheme of the state matrices, aimed at the displacement of the imaginary eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian matrix. The result is an effective algorithm leading to the compensation of the passivity violations. This procedure is very efficient when the passivity violations are small, so that first-order perturbation is applicable. Several examples illustrate and validate the procedure.
THE RULEG SYSTEM FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PROGRAMMED VERBAL LEARNING SEQUENCES.

THIS PAPER DESCRIBES THE RULEG PROGRAM SYSTEM, WHICH IS BASED ON THE PREMISE THAT THE VERBAL STATEMENTS OF A PROGRAM CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO "RU'S" (RULES) AND "EG'S" (EXAMPLES). ALL RU'S ARE STATEMENTS OF SOME GENERALITY; FROM WHICH SUBSTSTUTION INSTANCES, OR EG'S, CAN BE OBTAINED. 12 STEPS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF RULEG PROGRAMS ARE LISTED--SPECIFY THE CRITERION BEHAVIOR, WRITE DOWN MANY RU'S, COLLECT STIMULUS SUPPORT, ORDER THE RU'S, MAKE A RU MATRIX, CONSTRUCT O'S, NUMBER THE MATRIXCELLS, ASSEMBLE RU'S AND EG'S INTO FRAMES, AND THE FRAMES INTO A PROGRAM, PRE-TEST AND THEN REVISE THE PROGRAM UNTIL RELIABLE CRITERION BEHAVIOR IS ACHIEVED. (LH)
NORTH AMERICAN BLACK BEAR mtDNA PHYLOGEOGRAPHY: IMPLICATIONS FOR MORPHOLOGY AND THE HAIDA GWAII GLACIAL REFUGIUM CONTROVERSY

The controversial role of Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands) as a biological refugium on the northwestern coast of North America has been widely discussed for more than fifty years. The presence of morphologically divergent subspecies on Haida Gwaii is one of the major lines of evidence suggesting this archipelago's role as a refugium during the Wisconsin. However, since morphological distinction can be derived postglacially as well as in extended isolation, such evidence is ambiguous. To examine this question, we did a phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome b sequences (719 bp) of black bear (Ursus americanus), one of the distinctive endemics of Haida Gwaii, and compared these with conspecifics from across North America, focusing primarily on the northwestern coast. We found that the Haida Gwaii bear are indistinguishable from coastal bear of British Columbia and Vancouver Island, but are highly distinct from continental bear. Coastal and continental bears differ by 24 synapomorphies and an average sequence divergence of 3.6%. The coastal mitochondrial lineage occurs in each of the three recognized coastal subspecies suggesting that the morphological characteristics differentiating these taxa may be postglacially derived. The data are consistent with recent suggestions that a glacial refugium existed on the now submerged continental shelf connecting Haida Gwaii, Vancouver Island, and the coastal fringe of mainland British Columbia. This refugium would have been an additional source for postglacial recolonization of northwestern North America.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, and Obesity: Navigating the Pathophysiologic Labyrinth

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent endocrine-metabolic disorder that implies various severe consequences to female health, including alarming rates of infertility. Although its exact etiology remains elusive, it is known to feature several hormonal disturbances, including hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance (IR), and hyperinsulinemia. Insulin appears to disrupt all components of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-ovary axis, and ovarian tissue insulin resistance results in impaired metabolic signaling but intact mitogenic and steroidogenic activity, favoring hyperandrogenemia, which appears to be the main culprit of the clinical picture in PCOS. In turn, androgens may lead back to IR by increasing levels of free fatty acids and modifying muscle tissue composition and functionality, perpetuating this IR-hyperinsulinemia-hyperandrogenemia cycle. Nonobese women with PCOS showcase several differential features, with unique biochemical and hormonal profiles. Nevertheless, lean and obese patients have chronic inflammation mediating the long term cardiometabolic complications and comorbidities observed in women with PCOS, including dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Given these severe implications, it is important to thoroughly understand the pathophysiologic interconnections underlying PCOS, in order to provide superior therapeutic strategies and warrant improved quality of life to women with this syndrome.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Extended Family Households

Prevalence of extended family households and factors associated with them are examined for non-Hispanic whites, African Americans, Asians, and Hispanics using data from the 1990 U.S. Census. Nuclear family households and three distinct types of extended family households (upward, downward, and horizontal) are identified, and racial/ethnic differences in the distribution of these types are noted. I contend that household extensions occur as a result of a combination of economic, demographic, and cultural factors. To examine economic aspects of household extension, I first examine income distributions across various household types. Then, using multinomial logistic regression, I identify economic, demographic, and cultural factors related to the three different types of extended family households. Even after racial/ethnic differences in demographic and economic variables are accounted for, preferences for downward extension among African Americans, upward extension among Asians, and horizontal extension among Hispanics still remain, suggesting an independent effect of racial/ethnic culture regarding household extension.
A short review on the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles using plant extract

With the emerging catalytic, optical and medical applications of nanoparticles, there is a growing demand for green synthesis methods to ensure consumer safety. Among bio-organisms, plants are the major source of reducing agents due to the simple procedures and inexpensive cost required. This paper presents a short review of bimetallic nanoparticle synthesis using several plant extracts. Biosynthesis studies examining pH and concentration of plant extract, reaction temperature, and ionic ratio are also presented to provide a clear understanding of how these parameters affect the formation of nanoparticles.
Automatic Subspace Clustering with Density Function

Clustering techniques in data mining aim to find interesting patterns in data sets. However, traditional clustering methods are not suitable for large, high-dimensional data. Subspace clustering is an extension of traditional clustering that enables finding clusters in subspaces within a data set, which means subspace clustering is more suitable for detecting clusters in high-dimensional data sets. However, most subspace clustering methods usually require many complicated parameter settings, which are always troublesome to determine, and therefore there are many limitations for applying these subspace clustering methods. In this article, we develop a novel subspace clustering method with a new density function, which computes and represents the density distribution directly in high-dimensional data sets, and furthermore the new method requires as few parameters as