Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of endotoxin on 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine‐induced colonic tumors in rats

The effect of endotoxin on colon tumors was studied in male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Colon tumors were induced in weanling rats by the administration of 20 weekly subcutaneous injections of 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH). When colon tumors were detected by colonoscopy in 80% of the rats around week 24 after DMH injection, the animals were divided randomly into two groups. One group served as the control. The other group received six endotoxin (Escherichia coli) treatments every fifth day. The first dose was 50 μg/100 g (intraperitoneally); the remaining doses were 100 μg/100 g (subcutaneously). Rats were killed 2 weeks after the last endotoxin injection. Endotoxin treatments resulted in larger colon tumors. The median tumor size was 71 mm2 for endotoxin‐treated and 31 mm2 for untreated rats (P < 0.02). Endotoxin treatments also resulted in a significantly higher incidence (P < 0.05) of ulcer development in the small intestine, that is 47% in the endotoxin‐treated versus 23% in the untreated rats. After a single subcutaneous injection of endotoxin (100 μg/100 g), the colon mucosal reduced glutathione (GSH) level was raised by 21% at 16 hours, reached a peak on day 2, then decreased to baseline by day 4. The increased GSH level in the colon mucosa was maintained up to the third endotoxin injection. By the fifth injection, no increase in the GSH level was observed. These results suggest that the growth of colon tumors in rats induced by DMH could be enhanced by endotoxin treatments. The enhanced tumor growth may be due to an increase in the colon GSH level and/or other mediators released by macrophages as a result of endotoxin treatments.
A Scheduling and Runtime Framework for a Cluster of Heterogeneous Machines with Multiple Accelerators

We present a runtime system for simple and efficient programming of CPU+GPU clusters. The programmer focuses on core logic, while the system undertakes task allocation, load balancing, scheduling, data transfer, etc. Our programming model is based on a shared global address space, made efficient by transaction style bulk-synchronous semantics. This model broadly targets coarse-grained data parallel computation particularly suited to multi-GPU heterogeneous clusters. We describe our computation and communication scheduling system and report its performance ona few prototype applications. For example, parallelization of matrix multiplication or 2D FFT using our system requires the regular CPU/GPU implementations and about 30 lines of additional C code to set up the runtime. Our runtime system achieves a performance of 5.61 TFlop/s while multiplying two square matrices of 1.56 billion elements each over a 10-nodecluster with 20 GPUs. This performance is possible due toa number of critical optimizations working in concert. These include perfecting, pipelining, maximizing overlap between computation and communication, and scheduling efficiently across heterogeneous devices of vastly different capacities.
An empirical study of bagging and boosting ensembles for identifying faulty classes in object-oriented software

Identifying faulty classes in object-oriented software is one of the important software quality assurance activities. This paper empirically investigates the application of two popular ensemble techniques (bagging and boosting) in identifying faulty classes in object-oriented software, and evaluates the extent to which these ensemble techniques offer an increase in classification accuracy over single classifiers. As base classifiers, we used multilayer perceptron, radial basis function network, bayesian belief network, nave bayes, support vector machines, and decision tree. The experiment was based on well-known and respected NASA dataset. The results indicate that bagging and boosting yield improved classification accuracy over most of the investigated single classifiers. In some cases, bagging outperforms boosting, while in some other cases, boosting outperforms bagging. However, in case of support vector machines, neither bagging nor boosting improved its classification accuracy.
Influence of Visual Field on Postural Control

We examined the influence of visual fields on upright standing by posturography in 19 healthy adults. Each subject was placed on a stabilometer with the feet closed together under four conditions of visual fields: 1) eyes open, 2) central area (30 degrees) of the visual fields open, 3) central area (5 degrees) of the visual fields open, 4) eyes closed. The central area of the visual field had a greater influence on postural control of vision than the peripheral retina when gazing at a target. The central retina of 5 degrees accounted for nearly 50% of all visual contributions to postural stabilization, and that of 30 degrees about 70% of all visual contributions. This is more prominent in anterior-posterior component. Power spectra ranging from 0.2 to 0.8 Hz were closely related to vision, especially in latral sway component. A peak at 0.3 Hz was noted with eyes closed and central area of 5 degrees open.
Review Article Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Cell Pluripotency, Differentiation, and Reprogramming

License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are small molecules that have important and pleiotropic effects on cell homeostasis. Under distinct developmental conditions, they can promote either self-renewal or differentiation of embryonic stem cells. In addition, they can promote directed differentiation of embryonic and tissue-specific stem cells along the neuronal, cardiomyocytic, and hepatic lineages. They have been used to facilitate embryo development following somatic cell nuclear transfer and induced pluri-potent stem cell derivation by ectopic expression of pluripotency factors. In the latter method, these molecules not only increase effectiveness, but can also render the induction independent of the oncogenes c-Myc and Klf4. Here we review the molecular pathways that are involved in the functions of HDAC inhibitors on stem cell differentiation and reprogramming of somatic cells into pluripotency. Deciphering the mechanisms of HDAC inhibitor actions is very important to enable their exploitation for efficient and simple tissue regeneration therapies.
Superstring theory on AdS3×G/H and boundary N = 3 superconformal symmetry

Superstrings propagating on backgrounds of the form AdS3 ? G/H are studied using the coset CFT approach. We focus on seven dimensional cosets which have a semiclassical limit, and which give rise to N = 3 superconformal symmetry in the dual CFT. This is realized for the two cases AdS3 ? SU(3)/U(1) and AdS3 ? SO(5)/SO(3), for which we present an explicit construction. We also provide sufficient conditions on a CFT background to enable a similar construction, and comment on the geometrical interpretation of our results.
Fast-Lipschitz Power Control and User-Frequency Assignment in Full-Duplex Cellular Networks

In cellular networks, the three-node full-duplex transmission mode has the potential to increase spectral efficiency without requiring full-duplex capability of users. Consequently, three-node full-duplex in cellular networks must deal with self-interference and user-to-user interference, which can be managed by power control and user-frequency assignment techniques. This paper investigates the problem of maximizing the sum spectral efficiency by jointly determining the transmit powers in a distributed fashion, and assigning users to frequency channels. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear problem, which is shown to be non-deterministic polynomial-time hard. We investigate a close-to-optimal solution approach by dividing the joint problem into a power control problem and an assignment problem. The power control problem is solved by Fast-Lipschitz optimization, while a greedy solution with guaranteed performance is developed for the assignment problem. Numerical results indicate that compared with the half-duplex mode, both spectral and energy efficiencies of the system are increased by the proposed algorithm. Moreover, results show that the power control and assignment solutions have important, but opposite roles in scenarios with low or high self-interference cancellation. When the self-interference cancellation is high, user-frequency assignment is more important than power control, while power control is essential at low self-interference cancellation.
Staphylococcal disease and nasal carriage in the Royal Air Force

1. The nasal carriage of Staph. aureus and its relation to disease was studied in new recruits, boy apprentices and trained men of the Royal Air Force. 2. The proportions of Staph. aureus that were penicillin-resistant ranged from 15% in new recruits to 29% in trained men. In a school for apprentices the rate in new arrivals was 18%, and 23% for boys after the initial training. We were unable to find when these changes occurred. 3. 31% of strains isolated from septic lesions were penicillin-resistant and the rate was similar in all types of unit. Resistant strains were not apparently more virulent than sensitive strains. 4. About 1% of all strains isolated were resistant to tetracycline and streptomycin and much smaller proportions to chloramphenicol and erythromycin. 5. The phage-group distribution was similar for nasal and lesion strains, but nearly half the penicillin-resistant lesion strains belonged to Group I, and types 52A and 3C/55/71 were much commoner in lesions than in the nose. 6. Penicillin-resistant strains were more readily acquired and more rapidly lost than the sensitive strains. 7. Nasal carriers suffered from septic lesions more frequently than non-carriers, and those with a lesion tended to suffer further lesions. There was no evidence of cross-infection among bedroom contacts. 8. The proportion of penicillin-resistant strains rose from 30 to 40% between admission to and discharge from service hospitals. Resistant strains were not carried for long after discharge. 9. Penicillin treatment resulted in a fall in the total carrier rate and a rise in the resistance rate. Phage type analysis showed that this was mainly due to elimination of sensitive strains and recolonization with resistant strains. We are greatly indebted to Miss Susan Green for the large amount of work that she did in the laboratory. We should like to thank also many Royal Air Force medical officers for their assistance, in particular Wing Commander E. S. Odbert, Wing Commander M. White, Squadron Leader M. Shearer and Flight Lieutenant A. J. Zuckerman; and the Director-General of the Royal Air Force Medical Services for permission to publish the results.
Leading to Peace: Prisoner Resistance and Leadership Development in the IRA and Sinn Fein

The Irish peace process is heralded as a success among insurgencies that attempt transitions toward peaceful resolution of conflict. After thirty years of armed struggle, pitting Irish republicans against their loyalist counterparts and the British State, the North of Ireland has a reconfigured political landscape with a consociational governing body where power is shared among several parties that hold divergent political objectives. The Irish Republican Movement, whose main components are the Provisional Irish Republican Army, a covert guerilla armed organization, and Sinn Fein, the political party of Irish republicans, initiated peace that led to all-inclusive talks in the 1990s and that culminated in the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in April 1998, setting out the parameters for a non-violent way forward. Given the traditional intransigence of the IRA to consider any route other than armed conflict, how did the leadership of the Irish Republican Movement secure the support of a majority of republicans for a peace initiative that has held now for more than fifteen years? This dissertation explores the dynamics of leadership in this group, and in particular, focuses on the prisoner resistance waged by its incarcerated activists and volunteers. It is the contention here, that various prisoner resistance tactics enabled a wide-ranging group of captives to develop the skill set necessary to persuade their community to back the peace initiative, engage in electoral politics, mobilize their supporters to invest in attaining a united Ireland by peaceful negotiations, and put down their arms in a permanent and unequivocal manner. In this dissertation, the work of Paulo Freire is explored in order to capture the processes inherent the resistance-leadership continuum.
Osteopontin, intrinsic tissue regulator of intractable inflammatory diseases

Within classical extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, there are a unique group of proteins that should be regarded as a distinct functional group of molecules. Matricellular proteins including osteopontin (OPN) and tenascin‐c (TN‐C) are highly expressed at the pathological foci of various inflammatory diseases. Unlike classical ECM proteins, these are soluble proteins and induce cell motility and persistent inflammation rather than providing a scaffold for stable cell adhesion. Osteopontin is a pleiotropic cytokine expressed by various cells. Two forms of OPN are present. A secreted form of OPN (sOPN) is involved in generation of T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells that are pathogenic T cells for various autoimmune diseases. An intracellular form of OPN (iOPN) is a critical regulator for Toll like receptor‐9 (TLR‐9) and/or TLR‐7‐dependent interferon‐α (IFN‐α) expression by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs) and Th17 development. Indeed, both OPN and TN‐C deficient mice are resistant to various Th1‐ and/or Th17‐related autoimmune diseases. Interestingly, thrombin‐cleaved forms of sOPN and TN‐C share a common integrin receptor, α9β1, and α9β1 integrin‐mediated signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. Thus, OPN, TN‐C and its common receptor, α9β1 integrin may serve as potential therapeutic targets for various intractable inflammatory diseases.
A good clonal response to chemotherapy in AL amyloidosis is associated with improved quality of life and function at 1 year

Quality of life (QoL) is of paramount importance in chronic diseases, however, there are few data on the medium and long-term QoL in patients with AL amyloidosis. One study, looking at QoL in patients treated with autologous stem cell transplantation, found that it had improved at 1 and 2 years after treatment, particularly in those who had achieved a haematological complete response [1]; a more recent study sought to characterise symptomatology, collated from various primary and secondary sources [2]. To our knowledge there are no specific primary data that directly examine the impact of chemotherapy on the short-, mediumand long-term QoL of patients with AL amyloidosis. We sought to explore changes in QoL over the disease course and treatment in AL amyloidosis.
A novel scheduling algorithm for multiuser MIMO systems with channel decomposition

In multiuser MIMO systems, the base station offers access to a group of users simultaneously. When the number of users is larger than the maximum that the system can support simultaneously, the base station selects a subset of users based on the scheduling policy, to maximize the system throughput. The scheduling policy used must improve the capacity and it should reduce the complexity. As the data transmitted to each user are different, it is necessary to avoid the inter-user interference. So a technique known as transmit pre-processing technique is used. It is the technique, which decomposes the multiuser MIMO downlink channel into multiple parallel independent single-user MIMO channels. As the pre-processing technique decomposes the channel, it offers the advantage which is interference mitigation. The optimal scheduling algorithm (exhaustive search) offers better performance but it is much complex. The Greedy algorithm offers comparable performance with reduced complexity. So a novel scheduling algorithm named as Modified Greedy algorithm is proposed to enhance the capacity. Simulation result shows that the Modified Greedy algorithm achieves higher capacity than the other scheduling schemes.
Characterization, Stability and Convergence of Hierarchical Clustering Methods

We study hierarchical clustering schemes under an axiomatic view. We show that within this framework, one can prove a theorem analogous to one of Kleinberg (2002), in which one obtains an existence and uniqueness theorem instead of a non-existence result. We explore further properties of this unique scheme: stability and convergence are established. We represent dendrograms as ultrametric spaces and use tools from metric geometry, namely the Gromov-Hausdorff distance, to quantify the degree to which perturbations in the input metric space affect the result of hierarchical methods.
From class to region

The primary dimension of political contestation for regionalist parties is the centre-periphery dimension but they are pressured to adopt positions on the left-right dimension by competition with state-wide parties. We argue that the relative economic position of a region is a key variable for explaining how regionalist parties adopt left-right positions and link them to the centre-periphery dimension. Based on a quantitative analysis of 74 regionalist parties – distributed in 49 regions and 11 countries – over four decades, we find strong evidence that regionalist parties acting in relatively rich regions tend to adopt a rightist ideology, while regionalist parties acting in relatively poor regions tend to adopt a leftist ideology. A qualitative illustration of two paradigmatic cases, the Lega Nord (LN) and the Scottish National Party (SNP), appears to support our interpretation that left-right orientations are subsumed into centre-periphery politics through the adoption of two ideal types of regionalist discourse: one labelled as ‘bourgeois regionalism’ (Harvie, 1994) and one labelled as ‘internal colonialism’ (Hechter, 1975).
Changes in Histone Acetylation During Postovulatory Aging of Mouse Oocyte1

Abstract Because some animals and human beings potentially engage in sexual activity at any day of the menstrual cycle, this may cause fertilization of postovulatory aged oocytes, which result in decreased potential of embryo development and longevity of offspring. To investigate the involvement of histone acetylation in the function of postovulatory aging, we examined the changes of histone acetylation by immunostaining with specific antibodies against various acetylated lysines on histones H3 and H4. We found that the acetylation levels of lysine 14 on histone H3 and lysines 8 and 12 on histone H4 in mouse oocytes were gradually increased during in vivo and in vitro postovulatory aging. Furthermore, the acetylation levels on these sites were markedly decreased or increased when the process of postovulatory aging was artificially delayed or accelerated, respectively. These results indicated that the gradual acetylation on some lysines of histones H3 and H4 is one of the phenomena in the process of postovulatory aging. Moreover, raising the level of histone acetylation by trichostatin A can accelerate the progression of postovulatory aging, suggesting that alteration of the acetylation on histones H3 and H4 can affect the progression of postovulatory aging in mouse oocytes.
A comparison of the availability and affordability of a market basket in two communities in the Chicago area

Abstract Objective The purpose of the present study was to characterise the food landscape of an inner city African American neighbourhood and its mixed-race suburban neighbour. Detailed analysis focuses on the relationship between community store mix and price, availability and produce quality. Design A market basket study was completed by members of the Chicago Food Systems Collaborative. The US Department of Agriculture's standard market basket survey and methodology were used. Additional items and analyses were added in consultation with community members. Setting Austin is a lower-middle-class African American community of 117 500 on the western edge of Chicago. Oak Park, which borders Austin, is an upper-middle-income suburb of 52 500 with a mixed racial profile. Subjects A market basket survey of every retail food store in Austin and Oak Park was completed. A total of 134 were included. Results Results indicate that Austin has many grocery stores and few supermarkets. Many Austin groceries stores carry produce that is usually competitively priced, but often of unacceptable quality. Supermarkets had the best selection. Prices were lowest at discount supermarkets. Prices of packaged items were higher at independent stores than at chain supermarkets, but fresh items were cheaper. Conclusions Food access is related more to store type than number. In this study, item availability and produce quality varied greatly between store types. Price differences were complicated and varied by store type and food category. This has consequences in terms of food purchasing decisions and dietary quality that public health professionals should acknowledge.
Source code comprehension analysis in software maintenance

Source code comprehension is considered as an essential part of the software maintenance process. It is considered as one of the most critical and time-consuming task during software maintenance process. The difficulties of source code comprehension is analyzed. A static Bottom-up code comprehension model is used. The code is partitioned into functional-based blocks and their data and control dependencies that preserve the functionality of the program are analyzed. The data-flow and control-flow graphs reflects the dependencies and assist in refactoring process. The proposed strategy helps in improving the readability of the program code, increase maintainer productivity, and reducing the time and effort of code comprehension. It helps maintainers to locate the required lines of code that constitute the functional area that the maintainers are searching for in their maintenance work.
NASA's S'COOL project. Bridging the divide between the 'real' world and the classroom

In an effort to bridge the gap between scientific research, teacher instruction and student learning, the CERES Students' Cloud Observations On-Line (S'COOL) Project offers a unique perspective on how to narrow the divide between the 'real' world and the classroom. Reality-based learning has become a staple in the education of our youth and the S'COOL Project has taken this concept one step further
How Kondo-holes create intense nanoscale heavy-fermion hybridization disorder

Replacing a magnetic atom by a spinless atom in a heavy-fermion compound generates a quantum state often referred to as a “Kondo-hole”. No experimental imaging has been achieved of the atomic-scale electronic structure of a Kondo-hole, or of their destructive impact [Lawrence JM, et al. (1996) Phys Rev B 53:12559–12562] [Bauer ED, et al. (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci. 108:6857–6861] on the hybridization process between conduction and localized electrons which generates the heavy-fermion state. Here we report visualization of the electronic structure at Kondo-holes created by substituting spinless thorium atoms for magnetic uranium atoms in the heavy-fermion system URu2Si2. At each thorium atom, an electronic bound state is observed. Moreover, surrounding each thorium atom we find the unusual modulations of hybridization strength recently predicted to occur at Kondo-holes [Figgins J, Morr DK (2011) Phys Rev Lett 107:066401]. Then, by introducing the “hybridization gapmap” technique to heavy-fermion studies, we discover intense nanoscale heterogeneity of hybridization due to a combination of the randomness of Kondo-hole sites and the long-range nature of the hybridization oscillations. These observations provide direct insight into both the microscopic processes of heavy-fermion forming hybridization and the macroscopic effects of Kondo-hole doping.