Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Active trailing edge ﬂap system fault detection via machine learning

Active trailing edge ﬂap (AFlap) systems have shown promising results in reducing wind turbine (WT) loads. The design of WTs relying on AFlap load reduction requires implementing systems to detect, monitor, and quantify any potential fault or performance degradation of the ﬂap system to avoid jeopardizing the wind turbine’s safety and performance. Currently, ﬂap fault detection or monitoring systems are yet to be developed. This paper presents two approaches based on machine learning to diagnose the health state of an AFlap system. Both approaches rely only on the sensors commonly available on commercial WTs, avoiding the need and the cost of additional measurement systems. The ﬁrst approach combines manual feature engineering with a random forest classiﬁer. The second approach relies on random convolutional kernels to create the feature vectors. The study shows that the ﬁrst method is reliable in classifying all the investigated combinations of AFlap health states in the case of asymmetrical ﬂap faults not only when the WT operates in normal power production but also before startup. Instead, the second method can identify some of the AFlap health states for both asymmetrical and symmetrical faults when the WT is in normal power production. These results contribute to developing the systems for detecting and monitoring active ﬂap faults, which are paramount for the safe and reliable integration of active ﬂap technology in future wind turbine design.
CONTEXT-INDUCED PHONETIC SHIFT IN SILESIAN CZECH SPEAKERS

We assessed the regional accent of young educated urban-dwellers from Czech Silesia and measured their phonetic accommodation in (in)formal situations. Silesian Czech reduces the vowel length contrast existing in Common Czech. We compared the duration of /aː/ produced by 12 Silesians and 6 Common Czech controls, as well as accent ratings of these speakers by 102 Czech listeners, distinguishing between regionally mobile and region-bound Silesians and, for the mobile Silesians, also between their reading to a native-accent peer and to a standard-Czech senior teacher. Both the /aː/ durations and the accent ratings confirmed that Silesian and Common Czech speakers differ. For the mobile Silesians, the results of /aː/ duration revealed short-term accommodation but neither the acoustic nor the accent-rating data provided evidence of long-term change as compared to the region-bound Silesians.
THE USE OF SYNTACTICALLY REDUNDANT PHONETIC CUES IN SPEECH PERCEPTION

Subsegmental phonetic detail can be highly informative about upcoming word structure. For example, shortened stems tend to signal that sufﬁxes or additional syllables will follow. Yet preceding morphosyntactic context can reduce the informational value of such cues. This study asks whether listeners still attend to phonetic detail in such contexts. In a visual world eye-tracking experiment, 21 listeners distinguished singular target nouns named in audio recordings of English sentences from plural or two-syllable competitors. In the sentences, noun stems were lengthened or shortened, and positioned either after an agreeing determiner ( this/that ), rendering durational cues to plural sufﬁxes redundant, or after the neutral determiner the , rendering them informative. GAMM analysis of gaze traces revealed that lengthening the stem facilitated perception, but only after agreeing determiners. This suggests not only automatic processing of redundant phonetic detail, but a requirement that such detail can be predicted from context before it can be processed.
SIMULATION AND EVALUATION OF D ˙ ISTR ˙ IBUTED CONSENSUS NETWORK FOR MULT˙I-AGENT SYSTEMS FOR SYB ˙ IL ATTACKS

: Distributed average consensus represents the amount of computing of inputs held by multiple agents that communicate through peer-to-peer networks. Collaboration among operators is essential for any distributed standard consensus protocol as every specialist needs to contribute to di ﬀ erent operators, typically the adjacent (neighbouring) operators. Internet-of-Things (IoT) implementation is challenging because of its heterogeneous, massively distributed nature. The challenges of this challenge can be addressed with blockchain-based platforms and technologies. Testing and evaluation platforms are required for Blockchain deployments in IoT. A realistic and conﬁgurable network environment is presented in this paper to evaluate consensus algorithms. Many blockchain evaluation platforms do not provide a conﬁgurable and realistic network environment or are tied to a speciﬁc consensus protocol. With our simulator, practitioners can evaluate how consensus algorithms a ﬀ ect network events in congested or contested scenarios to determine the best consensus algorithm. It is proposed to achieve this task by generalizing consensus methods. The Blockchain simulator employs Discrete event network simulations for increased ﬁdelity and scalability. In addition to evaluating the time, state block rate (%), estimation error, average throughput, and simulation time, we evaluate the performance of the proposed techniques based on the number of peer nodes. A comparison of the average transaction delivery rate with a traditional protocol is shown. The proposed protocol has a higher throughput average than the traditional one.
ASSESSING KINEMATIC RELATIONS WITH HIGH SPEECH RATE RESOLUTION DATA

We employ a metronome-driven paradigm of repeated syllable production with systematic speech rate control to assess two important kinematic relations: peak velocity is proportional to movement amplitude, with a proportionality modulated by speech rate, and peak velocity is proportional to the average velocity of a movement. The resulting data show substantially higher kinematic variation than previous works devoted to the same relations. Statistical evaluation of the two relations yields very strong evidence for their presence in the data. Whereas slopes of the first relation are in broad agreement with earlier reports, verified here across a much wider range of speech rates, slopes of the second relation show a rate dependency which has not been previously reported. We consider these results in the context of other work linking slope values to the dynamics underlying the speech movements.
A REVIEW OF ENDOMETRIOSIS: FOCUS ON ITS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, QUALITY OF OOCYTE AND EMBRYO, AND THE MANAGEMENT OF INFERTILITY

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue/lesion outside the uterus. Unraveling the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis remains an elusive target. Among various mechanistic theories, the menstrual retrograde theory is considered favorable for explaining endometriosis, which is corroborated by the presence of certain survival factors that allow the growth and persistence of endometrial cells. This review set out to provide an updated insight into the etiology, quality of oocytes and embryos, and management of infertility of women with endometriosis undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. Database searches were conducted using PUBMED, employing keywords such as endometriosis, oocyte quality, and embryo quality. The menstrual retrograde theory is considered prominent for elucidating the pathophysiology of endometriosis. Given the chronic inflammation in the reproductive tract associated with endometriosis, there is evidence observing a negative impact on oocyte quality and endometrial receptivity that could lead to infertility. Account for about 10-40% of women with endometriosis are administered IVF programs to achieve pregnancy and deliver healthy babies. Through IVF, oocytes can be fertilized and cultured in vitro ; thereby, avoiding unfavorable in-vivo environments of tubal and endometrium due to endometriosis. The severity of endometriosis determines the quality of oocyte, embryo, and clinical pregnancy outcomes attained through the IVF program.
PATTERNS OF THE SYLLABLE-FINAL CONSONANTS IN CHINESE DIALECTS

This paper presents the patterns of the syllable-final consonants in the present-day Chinese dialects. It reports the changes in the historical final consonants, -* p -* t -* k -* m -* n -* ŋ , taken place in the dialects, resulting in the formation of the different patterns. The study is based on the consonant inventories of a representative sample of 70 dialects of the 11 Chinese dialect groups. The findings are, (i) there is a total of 15 patterns of the syllable-final consonants; (ii) many patterns are defective, where one or more of the six historical final consonants, -* p -* t -* k -* m -* n -* ŋ , are missing; (iii) the changes in the syllable-final consonants are conditioned by the preceding vowel type; (iv) the changes are bi-directional in terms of place of articulation; and (v) the changes result in the emergence of nasal vowels and syllable-final glottal stop in the dialects.
Professional knowledge to teach mathematics in the context of STEM education

This paper contributes to the literature by presenting new developments about knowledge to teach and practices of primary teachers who participated in a teachers’ professional development program focused on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) hands-on practices. This training context brings added challenges for teachers to innovate their practices in class, namely mathematical practices related to STEM. In particular, we research what knowledge promotes the development and implementation of mathematical interdisciplinary practices within the referred context. With a qualitative methodology and an interpretative approach, and based on data collected for three school years, we conclude that there exists specialized knowledge that is crucial for teachers to be able to develop and implement mathematical interdisciplinary practices in class, which must be taken into account, with a view to the effectiveness of teachers’ professional development programs.
Sustainability in Software Engineering: A Systematic Literature Review for Building up a Knowledge Base

Background: Supporting sustainability in software engineering is becoming an active area of research and we want to contribute the first SLR in this field. Researchers who are motivated to contribute to that topic need to accumulate a body of knowledge as starting point through time-consuming literature research. Aim: We aim to provide an overview of different aspects of sustainability in software engineer- ing research with regard to research activity, investigated topics, identified limitations, proposed approaches, used methods, available studies, and considered domains. Method: The applied method is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) in five reliable and commonly-used databases according to the (quasi-standard) protocol by Kitchenham et al. [288]. We assessed the 100 first results of each database ordered by relevance with respect to the search query. Results: Of 500 classified publications, we regard 96 as relevant for our research questions. Most of the excluded publications were ruled out because of an unfitting usage of terms within the search query. We sketch a taxonomy of their topics and domains, and provide lists of used methods and proposed approaches. Conclusions: Currently, there is little research coverage on the different aspects of sustainability in software engineering. Future work includes extending the study by reviewing a higher number of publications, including dedicated journal and workshop searches, and snowballing.
Larynx raising in English word-final ejective stops: A real-time MRI study

This study addresses the nature of production mechanisms underlying English ejectives. Using a corpus of real-time MRI data from 27 native British English speakers, it investigates the extent to which English word-final ejective stops are produced by the traditional ‘Catfordian’ mechanism with active larynx raising. Overall, 8.5% of word-final stops in the dataset are auditorily identified as ejectives. Analysis of larynx position during the ejectives’ closure interval reveals a raised position in only 48.6% of cases, suggesting that more than one mechanism is involved in ejective production. Acoustically, these ejectives are significantly distinct from their plain counterparts in the measures applied. Contextual factors known to promote ejective stop production in English are confirmed in our dataset, in that they appear predominantly as allophones of voiceless velar stops in stressed words.
DURATION AS A CUE FOR PHONOLOGICAL VOICING CONTRAST IN WHISPERED CZECH

In Czech, the phonological contrast of voicing is primarily realized by the presence or absence of the fundamental frequency. However, this main correlate is missing in whisper, because the vocal folds do not vibrate. The present study explored the acoustical and perceptual side of this phonological contrast. Firstly, it compared the duration of voicing counterparts of Czech plosives and fricatives embedded in modal and whispered pseudowords. The duration of voicing counterparts differed signiﬁcantly, but the durational ratios were smaller in whisper than in modal phonation. Secondly, a perception experiment was created from the whispered stimuli, assessing the recognisability of whispered obstruents in phonetic context only. Listeners recognised many obstruents especially in the medial position, but substantial variability between individual voicing pairs was found.
A SIMPLE ACOUSTIC MEASURE OF ONSET COMPLEXITY

The kinematic consequences of onset complexity have been extensively probed since the 1980s — complex and simple onsets generally show different temporal stability patterns with respect to the following vowel. More recently, it has been argued that acoustic methods can also be used to establish the same dichotomy. In this paper, I show that a rather simple acoustic measure of pre-vocalic consonant duration in word-initial CV and CCV sequences can be used to tease apart complex and simple onset organisations across languages. I show this through an analysis of controlled experimental data on American English and Jazani Arabic, and through an analysis of corpus data from three different American English corpora of sociolinguistic interviews or oral histories. The results in turn suggest that a relatively coarse measure (and a relatively simple learning algorithm) may be sufficient for a learner to acquire some aspects of syllable-structure from the acoustic input
VOWEL LENGTH IN INFANT-DIRECTED SPEECH: THE REALISATION OF SHORT-LONG CONTRASTS IN CZECH IDS

When interacting with young children, talkers across many languages use a speech style that reflects positive affect, draws infants' attention, and supposedly facilitates language acquisition. As for the latter, a well-documented feature of infant-directed speech is an exaggeration of spectrally-cued vowel contrasts. Here we tested whether talkers exaggerate also durationally cued contrasts. Sixty-three mothers, native speakers of Czech, were recorded while playing with their infant (4-to 10-month-olds, IDS) and while speaking to an adult (ADS). The durations of the five Czech phonemically short vowels were compared to their long counterparts. Vowel duration (normalised for word duration) was longer in IDS than in ADS more for phonemically long vowels at the younger infant ages, indicating a developmentally specific early exaggeration of length contrasts in Czech infant-directed speech. The present finding suggests that in a language with phonemic length, caregivers' realisation of speech sounds may go beyond merely being longer and slower overall.
Rhythmic Similarity hypothesis for cross-cultural vocal emotion recognition

This study examines the newly formulated Rhythmic Similarity hypothesis, which proposes that cross-cultural vocal emotion recognition is more accurate between users of languages with similar rhythmic structures. To disentangle the close relationship between culture and language, this study tested how well American English and French listeners recognized emotions in recordings produced by native speakers of Dutch and Korean. Since French and Korean share similar rhythmic structures, the prediction was that French listeners would outperform American English listeners in recognizing emotions in Korean. However, this prediction was not supported by our data, disconfirming the Rhythmic Similarity hypothesis. Furthermore, emotion recognition accuracy for both listener groups (American English and French) was higher in Dutch than in Korean, supporting the Cultural Proximity [1] and Language Distance hypotheses [2]. Additionally, recognition accuracy was above-chance for all emotions and was affected by arousal, valence, and basicness in ways consistent with previous findings [3, 4, 5].
Local Context of Human Security: methodological approach to the development and validation of a concept scale

Human Security (HS) represents a useful tool for identifying contemporary challenges in promoting well-being, whose measurement models generally take the national context into account. This study aimed to: a) identify a measurement framework for HS in the everyday life of urban localities; and b) describe a methodological alternative for structuring this framework from a replicable perspective. Its relevance lies in providing an instrument for monitoring the daily conditions of HS, as well as making the entire methodological process apparent, allowing for replication in other studies. The methodological alternative began with an initial theoretical reference from 819 articles, with 56 being more closely related to the study's specificity and six directly contributing to the inventory with 103 HS items. Subsequently, this alternative consolidated the dimensions of HS, their indicators, expert review, and instrument pre-testing. The final result identified 40 indicators, that operationalize the dimensions, are interpretable locally, and serve as guidelines for micro-scale public policies for HS.
Efﬁcient Receive Diversity in Distributed Sensor Networks using Selective Sample Forwarding

—We study the potential of exploiting receive diversity in a distributed Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). In contrast to other approaches, we fully rely on diversity combining on signal level by introducing selective sample forwarding to a centralized receiver. That way, we use the WSN as a distributed antenna array and still take the rather limited data rates between the sensor nodes into consideration. In particular, we consider a distributed ground network in the wild to track bats in their natural habitat. The bats are equipped with a sensor node of only 2g, which limits the energy budget available for communication. The main challenges to be addressed are the limited bandwidth between nodes and the need for accurate time synchronization to combine signal copies constructively at a central node. We study the performance based on a GNURadio implementation both in simulations as well as in lab experiments. Our results clearly indicate a substantial performance gain while keeping the data rate in the distributed sensor network in a feasible range.
EXPLORING SECOND LANGUAGE ATTITUDINAL PROSODY WITH A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH

This research explored the language universal and specific effects in the second language (L2) prosody. Our multivariate analysis covers over 20 prosodic features from phonetics (e.g. F0) and phonology(e.g. pitch pattern) aspects. The importance of features was defined by a linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) model performing classification on both speakers’ groups and attitudes. Speech data were recorded from Japanese speakers (n=34) and English speakers (n=16) having semi-spontaneous question-reply conversations with neutral, strict, and gentle attitudes. Our model successfully classified the gentle attitude from neutral as well as the two speaker groups. The feature weights indicate a significant role of phonetic features with attitudinal prosody. Japanese speakers with higher English proficiency tend to change sentence-level F0 and intensity with a gentle attitude similar to the English natives. While the lower English proficiency group prefers syllable-level features which is the same as the case in L1 Japanese.
An Optimized Plant Disease Detection Convolutional Neural Network for Future Hardware Implementation

The potato is considered one of the most important crops, especially in Egypt. It is grown on mostly all continents, with a noticeable increase in production and consumption in Africa and Asia. This crop is facing a lot of challenges that lead to a reduction in the quality and quantity of the yield. One of the biggest challenges that affects the potato crop is the plant’s diseases. Potato early blight disease can cause severe damage to both potato foliage and tubers, and its damage can range from 5% to 50% loss in yield. Another important and historically significant potato disease is late blight. It is believed that the loss from such disease may reach up to 16% of the total global potato production. Due to the significant rise of deep learning, convolutional neural networks have been intensively used in tasks related to classification and image detection, with remarkable outcomes. Consequently, this work aims to implement a 2-convolutional layer neural network that could be implemented on a hardware platform, especially FPGAs, for its re-programmability and its ability to reduce overhead functions in CPU and GPU systems. The proposed model in this work with only 2 convolutional hidden layers proves to be more accurate than VGG16 and Resnet50 with a testing accuracy of 95.32%, in addition to its minimum resources, which in future work will make it more suitable to be implemented on FPGAs.
A meta-analysis on the effect of internal communication

Internal communication is a necessary factor within any organization in the workplace. It can partly affect the efficiency of how an institution works as well as an organization’s achievements and developments. However, how internal communication contributes to the three vital factors – employee satisfaction, employee performance, and employee engagement, is poorly understood. The majority of previous studies only concluded the possible influences of internal communication on one of the factors (i.e. employee satisfaction, employee performance, or employee engagement) or in a single industry (e.g. healthcare). Thus, a meta-analysis was conducted in this research to examine the general influence of internal communication on all these three employee outcomes without the limitation of industries. By using the findings from 48 studies, this research summarized the effect and the most influential characteristics of internal communication on employee performance, employee engagement, and employee satisfaction. The results from the current meta-analysis have theoretical and practical implications for internal communication related research and management within companies, and highlight new directions for future studies.
Some New Binary Locally Repairable Codes with Availability based on Golomb Rulers

In this paper, we propose some new binary 5-sequential recovery Locally Repairable Codes (5-seq LRCs) with availability 2 based on Golomb rulers and some well-known technique of generating the parity check matrix for the QC-LDPC codes. The proposed 5-seq LRCs can repair up to 5 erased symbols sequentially within 3 repair time. It can be viewed as an intersection of two LRCs without availability and its code rate is optimal for some cases.