Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust Fault Detection Algorithm for the Smart Anti-pinch Window of Pure Electric Vehicles

In order to effectively solve the risk of safety on power window, an improved pinch detection algorithm based on the fault detection observer estimation is proposed for an anti-pinch window control system. In designing a residual generator, the proposed fault detection algorithm makes use of the pinch torque rate information by establishing the mathematical model of DC, considered as a fault under the pinched condition. By comparing the residual signal with the pre-designed threshold, the occurrence of pinch is detected. The fault detection observer takes into account robustness against disturbances and sensitivity to faults, simultaneously, both of which are regarded as optimization problems. In this study, the mixed H-/H∞ performance index and reference model fault detection method are advanced to solve the optimization problem in the Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) which transforms a mathematical problem. The simulation results of the detection time obtained from the two methods are 0.15 and 0.07s, respectively, proving that the use of the fault detection algorithm is effective for an anti-pinch window. The co-simulation based on CANoe-MATLAB is proposed to verify the algorithm again. Moreover, under the premise of strong robustness, the reference model method is superior to the mixed H-/H∞ performance.
A Critical Role of the Nitric Oxide/cGMP Pathway in Corticostriatal Long-Term Depression

High-frequency stimulation (HFS) of corticostriatal glutamatergic fibers induces long-term depression (LTD) of excitatory synaptic potentials recorded from striatal spiny neurons. This form of LTD can be mimicked by zaprinast, a selective inhibitor of cGMP phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Biochemical analysis shows that most of the striatal cGMP PDE activity is calmodulin-dependent and inhibited by zaprinast. The zaprinast-induced LTD occludes further depression by tetanic stimulation and vice versa. Both forms of synaptic plasticity are blocked by intracellular 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), a selective inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase, indicating that an increased cGMP production in the spiny neuron is a key step. Accordingly, intracellular cGMP, activating protein kinase G (PKG), also induces LTD. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitorsN(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) and 7-nitroindazole monosodium salt (7-NINA) block LTD induced by either HFS or zaprinast, but not that induced by cGMP. LTD is also induced by the NO donorsS-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and hydroxylamine. SNAP-induced LTD occludes further depression by HFS or zaprinast, and it is blocked by intracellular ODQ but not by L-NAME. Intracellular application of PKG inhibitors blocks LTD induced by HFS, zaprinast, and SNAP. Electron microscopy immunocytochemistry shows the presence of NOS-positive terminals of striatal interneurons forming synaptic contacts with dendrites of spiny neurons. These findings represent the first demonstration that the NO/cGMP pathway exerts a feed-forward control on the corticostriatal synaptic plasticity.
A summary of literature review: face recognition

Approach of face recognition aims to detect faces in still image and sequence image from video have many method such as local, global, and hybrid approach. The main problem of face recognition are intensity, illumination, pose, difficult to controlling and large occlusion. In 3D capture creates larger data files per subject which applies significant storage requirements, slow processing, most new devices can be capture in 3D. This is the problem for our future work that want to solving and create accuracy gain for widely accept in 3D face recognition system.
Joint Optimization of Area Spectral Efficiency and Delay Over PPP Interfered Ad-Hoc Networks

To evaluate the performance of the co-channel transmission based communication, we propose a new metric for area spectral efficiency (ASE) of interference limited ad-hoc network by assuming that the nodes are randomly distributed according to a Poisson point processes (PPP). We introduce a utility function, U = ASE/delay and derive the optimal ALOHA transmission probability p and the SIR threshold τ that jointly maximize the ASE and minimize the local delay. Finally, numerical results have been conducted to confirm that the joint optimization based on the U metric achieves a significant performance gain compared to conventional systems.
Feature Relevance Assessment in Automatic Inter-patient Heart Beat Classification

Long-term ECG recordings are often required for the monitoring of the cardiac function in clinical applications. Due to the high number of beats to evaluate, inter-patient computer-aided heart beat classification is of great importance for physicians. The main difficulty is the extraction of discriminative features from the heart beat time series. The objective of this work is the assessment of the relevance of feature sets previously proposed in the literature. For this purpose, inter-patient classification of heart beats following AAMI guidelines is investigated. The class unbalance is taken into account by using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier that integrates distinct weights for the classes. The performances of the SVM model with an appropriate selection of features are better than those of previously reported inter-patient classification models. These results show that the choice of the features is of major importance, and that some usual feature sets do not serve the classification performances. In addition, the results drop significantly when the class unbalance is not taken into account, which shows that this issue must be addressed to grasp the importance of the pathological cases.
Human PPP1R26P1 Functions as cis-Repressive Element in Mouse Rb1

The human retinoblastoma gene (RB1) is imprinted; the mouse Rb1 gene is not. Imprinted expression of RB1 is due to differential methylation of a CpG island (CpG85), which is located in the pseudogene PPP1R26P1 in intron 2 of RB1. CpG85 serves as promoter for an alternative RB1 transcript, which is expressed from the unmethylated paternal allele only and is thought to suppress expression of the full-length RB1 transcript in cis. PPP1R26P1 contains another CpG island (CpG42), which is biallelically methylated. To determine the influence of PPP1R26P1 on RB1 expression, we generated an in vitro murine embryonic stem cell model by introducing human PPP1R26P1 into mouse Rb1. Next generation bisulfite sequencing of CpG85 and CpG42 revealed differences in their susceptibility to DNA methylation, gaining methylation at a median level of 4% and 18%, respectively. We showed binding of RNA polymerase II at and transcription from the unmethylated CpG85 in PPP1R26P1 and observed reduced expression of full-length Rb1 from the targeted allele. Our results identify human PPP1R26P1 as a cis-repressive element and support a connection between retrotransposition of PPP1R26P1 into human RB1 and the reduced expression of RB1 on the paternal allele.
Effects of Peritoneal Sepsis on Rat Central Osmoregulatory Neurons Mediating Thirst and Vasopressin Release

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by the systemic inflammatory response to a bacterial infection. Although much is known about the cellular and molecular changes that characterize the peripheral inflammatory response to sepsis, almost nothing is known of the neuronal changes that cause associated perturbations in the central control of homeostasis. Osmoregulation is one of the key homeostatic systems perturbed during sepsis. In healthy subjects, systemic hypertonicity normally excites osmoreceptor neurons in the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT), which then activates downstream neurons that induce a parallel increase in water intake and arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion to promote fluid expansion and maintain blood pressure. However, recent studies have shown that the early phase of sepsis is associated with increased AVP levels and suppressed thirst. Here we examined the electrophysiological properties of OVLT neurons and magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) in acute in vitro preparations obtained from rats subjected to sham surgery or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). We found that the intrinsic excitability of OVLT neurons was not affected significantly 18–24 h after CLP. However, OVLT neurons in CLP rats were hyperpolarized significantly compared with shams. Moreover, a reduced proportion of these cells displayed spontaneous electrical activity and osmoresponsiveness in septic animals. In contrast, the osmoresponsiveness of MNCs was only attenuated by CLP, and a larger proportion of these neurons displayed spontaneous electrical activity in septic animals. These results suggest that acute sepsis disrupts centrally mediated osmoregulatory reflexes through differential effects on the properties of neurons in the OVLT and supraoptic nucleus. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by the systemic inflammatory response to bacterial infection. Although the early phase of sepsis features impaired thirst and enhanced vasopressin release, the basis for these defects is unknown. Here, we show that cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in rats impairs the osmoresponsiveness of neurons in the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT; which drives thirst) and attenuates that of neurosecretory neurons in the supraoptic nucleus (SON; which secrete oxytocin and vasopressin). Notably, we found that OVLT neurons are hyperpolarized and electrically silenced. In contrast, CLP increased the proportion of SON neurons displaying spontaneous electrical activity. Therefore, CLP affects the properties of osmoregulatory neurons in a manner that can affect systemic osmoregulation.
Foreign gene recruitment to the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway in diatoms

Diatoms are highly successful marine and freshwater algae that contribute up to 20% of global carbon fixation. These species are leading candidates for biofuel production owing to ease of culturing and high fatty acid content. To assist in strain improvement and downstream applications for potential use as a biofuel, it is important to understand the evolution of lipid biosynthesis in diatoms. The evolutionary history of diatoms is however complicated by likely multiple endosymbioses involving the capture of foreign cells and horizontal gene transfer into the host genome. Using a phylogenomic approach, we assessed the evolutionary history of 12 diatom genes putatively encoding functions related to lipid biosynthesis. We found evidence of gene transfer likely from a green algal source for seven of these genes, with the remaining showing either vertical inheritance or evolutionary histories too complicated to interpret given current genome data. The functions of horizontally transferred genes encompass all aspects of lipid biosynthesis (initiation, biosynthesis, and desaturation of fatty acids) as well as fatty acid elongation, and are not restricted to plastid-targeted proteins. Our findings demonstrate that the transfer, duplication, and subfunctionalization of genes were key steps in the evolution of lipid biosynthesis in diatoms and other photosynthetic eukaryotes. This target pathway for biofuel research is highly chimeric and surprisingly, our results suggest that research done on related genes in green algae may have application to diatom models.
Mortality Reduction in Septic Shock by Plasma Adsorption (ROMPA): a protocol for a randomised clinical trial

Introduction There is a lack of evidence in the efficacy of the coupled plasma filtration adsorption (CPFA) to reduce the mortality rate in septic shock. To fill this gap, we have designed the ROMPA study (Mortality Reduction in Septic Shock by Plasma Adsorption) to confirm whether treatment with an adequate dose of treated plasma by CPFA could confer a clinical benefit. Methods and analysis Our study is a multicentric randomised clinical trial with a 28-day and 90-day follow-up and allocation ratio 1:1. Its aim is to clarify whether the application of high doses of CPFA (treated plasma ≥0.20 L/kg/day) in the first 3 days after randomisation, in addition to the current clinical practice, is able to reduce hospital mortality in patients with septic shock in intensive care units (ICUs) at 28 and 90 days after initiation of the therapy. The study will be performed in 10 ICUs in the Southeast of Spain which follow the same protocol in this disease (based on the Surviving Sepsis Campaign). Our trial is designed to be able to demonstrate an absolute mortality reduction of 20% (α=0.05; 1−β=0.8; n=190(95×2)). The severity of the process, ensuring the recruitment of patients with a high probability of death (50% in the control group), will be achieved through an adequate stratification by using both severity scores and classical definitions of severe sepsis/septic shock and dynamic parameters. Our centres are fully aware of the many pitfalls associated with previous medical device trials. Trying to reduce these problems, we have developed a training programme to improve the CPFA use (especially clotting problems). Ethics and dissemination The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committees of all the participant centres. The findings of the trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, as well as national and international conference presentations. Trial registration number NCT02357433; Pre-results.
Automated conversion of table-based websites to structured stylesheets using table recognition and clone detection

Web standards such as XHTML and CSS are rapidly coming into practice and have many advantages, including compatibility, consistency across browsers, and increased ease of maintenance. Unfortunately large numbers of existing websites still use the deprecated table-based layout style in which page style is unique to each page. Existing tools for automating the transition to stylesheets provide little help, converting page-by-page using a flattened structure and local inline styles rather than a common CSS stylesheet. This approach ignores hierarchical structure and defeats the main purpose of moving to the new standard, losing all of the advantages. In this work we present an automated method for converting table-based layout websites to standards-compliant modern CSS stylesheet-based websites using a two-step process. Pages of the site are first converted page-by-page using table recognition technology to preserve hierarchical structure and layout semantics in local styles. Software clone detection technology is then utilized to recognize common layout styles in the pages and extract and minimize them to a common CSS stylesheet for the site. The result is a maintainable, efficient modern standards-compliant website with the same look and feel as the original but with all the maintenance advantages of a custom programmed new site.
B Activation κ Requires Nuclear Factor-Apoptosis Induction by a Novel Retinoid-Related Molecule

Nuclear factor-KB (NF-KB) activation has been shown to be both antiapoptotic and proapoptotic depending on the stimulus and the specific cell type involved. NF-KB activation has also been shown to be essential for apoptosis induction by a number of agents. The novel retinoid-related molecule 4-[3Cl-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-3-chlorocinnamic acid (3Cl-AHPC) activates NF-KB with subsequent apoptosis in a number of cell types. We have found that NF-KB activation is essential for 3-Cl-AHPC–mediated apoptosis. 3-Cl-AHPC activates NF-KB through IKKA kinase activation and the subsequent degradation of IKBA. IKKA kinase activation is associated with IKKA-enhanced binding to HSP90. The HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin enhances the degradation of IKKA and blocks 3-Cl-AHPC activation of NF-KB and 3-ClAHPC–mediated apoptosis. In addition, inhibition of IKBA degradation using a dominant-negative IKBA inhibits 3-ClAHPC–mediated apoptosis. NF-KB p65 activation is essential for 3-Cl-AHPC apoptosis induction as evidenced by the fact that inhibition of p65 activation utilizing the inhibitor helenalin or loss of p65 expression block 3-Cl-AHPC–mediated apoptosis. NF-KB has been shown to be antiapoptotic through its enhanced expression of a number of antiapoptotic proteins including X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), c-IAP1, and Bcl-XL. Whereas exposure to 3-Cl-AHPC results in NF-KB activation, it inhibits the expression of XIAP, c-IAP1, and Bcl-XL and enhances the expression of proapoptotic molecules, including the death receptors DR4 and DR5 as well as Fas and Rip1. Thus, 3-Cl-AHPC, which is under preclinical development, has pleotrophic effects on malignant cells resulting in their apoptosis. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(11): 4909-17)
Stability analysis and control synthesis for a network control system using a nonlinear network transmission model - A switched system approach

The stability analysis of network control systems still poses a challenge due to the nonlinear behavior induced by network transmissions. The current paper addresses the stability problem for a network control system which includes a nonlinear network transmission model. The network transmission model embeds the main characteristics of real TCP/IP network transmissions like time varying delays, packet loss and irregular situations. The closed-loop network control system is recasted as a switched linear system with multiple switching signals. The stability is investigated under arbitrary switching, by adopting a switched quadratic Lyapunov candidate function. Linear matrix inequality based conditions are derived for stability and controller design. Finally, an appropriate example illustrates how the approach is used.
Persistent Contextual Neural Networks for learning symbolic data sequences

We introduce persistent contextual neural networks (PCNNs) as a probabilistic model for learning symbolic data sequences, aimed at discovering complex algorithmic dependencies in the sequence. PCNNs are similar to recurrent neural networks but feature an architecture inspired by finite automata and a modified time evolution to better model memory effects. An effective training procedure using a gradient ascent in a metric inspired by Riemannian geometry is developed: this produces an algorithm independent from design choices such as the encoding of parameters and unit activities. This metric gradient ascent is designed to have an algorithmic cost close to backpropagation through time for sparsely connected networks. PCNNs are demonstrated to effectively capture a variety of complex algorithmic constraints on hard synthetic problems: basic block nesting as in context-free grammars (an important feature of natural languages, but difficult to learn), intersections of multiple independent Markovtype relations, or long-distance relationships such as the distant-XOR problem. On this problem, PCNNs perform better than more complex state-of-the-art algorithms. Thanks to the metric update, fewer gradient steps and training samples are needed: for instance, a generating model for sequences of the form ab can be learned from only 10 samples in under two minutes, even with n ranging in the thousands. This text is a preliminary version. The problem considered here is to learn a probabilistic model for an observed sequence of symbols (x0, . . . , xt, . . .) over a finite alphabet A. Such a model can be used for prediction, compression, or generalization. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are frequently used in such a setting. However, the kind of algorithmic structures HMMs can represent is limited because of the underlying finite automaton structure. Below, we discuss examples of simple sequential data that cannot be, or cannot conveniently be, represented by HMMs; for instance, subsequence insertions, or intersections of multiple independent constraints.
Dynamic Properties of Network Motifs Contribute to Biological Network Organization

Biological networks, such as those describing gene regulation, signal transduction, and neural synapses, are representations of large-scale dynamic systems. Discovery of organizing principles of biological networks can be enhanced by embracing the notion that there is a deep interplay between network structure and system dynamics. Recently, many structural characteristics of these non-random networks have been identified, but dynamical implications of the features have not been explored comprehensively. We demonstrate by exhaustive computational analysis that a dynamical property—stability or robustness to small perturbations—is highly correlated with the relative abundance of small subnetworks (network motifs) in several previously determined biological networks. We propose that robust dynamical stability is an influential property that can determine the non-random structure of biological networks.
Multilingual Supervision of Semantic Annotation

In this paper, we investigate the annotation projection of semantic units in a practical setting. Previous approaches have focused on using parallel corpora for semantic transfer. We evaluate an alternative approach using loosely parallel corpora that does not require the corpora to be exact translations of each other. We developed a method that transfers semantic annotations from one language to another using sentences aligned by entities, and we extended it to include alignments by entity-like linguistic units. We conducted our experiments on a large scale using the English, Swedish, and French language editions of Wikipedia. Our results show that the annotation projection using entities in combination with loosely parallel corpora provides a viable approach to extending previous attempts. In addition, it allows the generation of proposition banks upon which semantic parsers can be trained.
Localised Badger Culling Increases Risk of Herd Breakdown on Nearby, Not Focal, Land

Bovine tuberculosis is an important disease affecting the UK livestock industry. Controlling bovine tuberculosis (TB) is made more complex by the presence of a wildlife host, the Eurasian badger, Meles meles. Repeated large-scale badger culls implemented in the Randomised Badger Culling Trial (RBCT) were associated with decreased cattle risks inside the culling area, but also with increased cattle risks up to the 2km outside the culling area. Intermediate reductions in badger density, as achieved by localised reactive culling in the RBCT, significantly increased cattle TB. Using a matched-pairs case-control study design (n = 221 pairs of cattle herds), we investigated the spatial scale over which localised badger culling had its biggest impact. We found that reactive badger culling had a significant positive association with the risk of cattle TB at distances of 1-3km and 3-5km, and that no such association existed over shorter distances (<1km). These findings indicate that localised badger culls had significant negative effects, not on the land on which culling took place, but, perhaps more importantly, on adjoining lands and farms.
Monetary Policy in A Changing Financial Environment – Searching for An Efficient Monetary Policy Framework in Korea

This paper reviews how the changing financial environment in Korea has affected the conduct of monetary policy and examines the extent to which the Bank of Korea now uses the short-term interest rate rather than money aggregates as an operating target. Empirical results from estimation of monetary reaction functions suggest that the Bank of Korea has been following an interest rate target recently, even though it has not explicitly admitted to doing so. The paper also discusses how the conduct of monetary policy can be further enhanced by reforming the call money market and developing the long-term government securities market.