Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decadal variability in high northern latitudes as simulated by an intermediate-complexity climate model

Abstract A 2500 year integration has been performed with a global coupled atmospheric-sea-ice-ocean model of intermediate complexity with the main objective of studying the climate variability in polar regions on decadal time-scales and longer. The atmospheric component is the ECBILT model, a spectral T21 three-level quasi-geostrophic model that includes a representation of horizontal and vertical heat transfers as well as of the hydrological cycle. ECBILT is coupled to the CLIO model, which consists of a primitive-equation free-surface ocean general circulation model and a dynamic-thermodynamic sea-ice model. Comparison of model results with observations shows that the ECBILT-CLIO model is able to reproduce reasonably well the climate of the high northern latitudes. The dominant mode of coupled variability between the atmospheric circulation and sea-ice cover in the simulation consists of an annular mode for geopotential height at 800 hPa and of a dipole between the Barents and Labrador Seas for the sea-ice concentration which are similar to observed patterns of variability. In addition, the simulation displays strong decadal variability in the sea-ice volume, with a significant peak at about 18 years. Positive volume anomalies are caused by (1) a decrease in ice export through Fram Strait associated with more anticyclonic winds at high latitudes, (2) modifications in the freezing/melting rates in the Arctic due to lower air temperature and higher surface albedo, and (3) a weaker heat flux at the ice base in the Barents and Kara seas caused by a lower inflow of warm Atlantic water. Opposite anomalies occur during the volume-decrease phase of the oscillation.
Saturated‐cascade similitude theory of gravity wave spectra

A theory is presented, which is based mainly on dimensional analysis (but also on gravity wave theory), that attempts to explain all the types of gravity wave power spectral densities (PSDs) now being measured. This theory is based on two concepts, namely, wave saturation and wave cascade. The immediate result of the simultaneous presence of these two processes is that there should exist a unique relation between the vertical (or horizontal) wavelength of a gravity wave and its period (provided the Brunt Period and dissipation rate are given and Doppler effects are omitted). This relation provides a way to derive all of the intrinsic spectra from the fundamental one which is the vertical wavenumber PSD of the horizontal winds. The most important suggestion to emerge from this theory is that e, the dissipation rate, is the main controlling independent variable for the amplitude of all but 3 of the 12 spectra predicted. It would also control the wavelength-period relations. Comparisons are made between observations and theory, and important experimental tests are proposed. This model presently appears to be useful in the analysis of gravity wave data obtained by means of lidars, radars, interferometers, and imagers. In addition, it raises a number of new scientific issues for future research.
Chemokine Binding to Tenascin-C Influences Chemokine-Induced Immune Cell Migration

Tenascin-C (TNC) is a complex glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix (ECM) involved in a plethora of (patho-)physiological processes, such as oncogenesis and inflammation. Since chemokines play an essential role in both disease processes, we have investigated here the binding of TNC to some of the key chemokines, namely CCL2, CCL26, CXCL8, CXCL10, and CXCL12. Thereby, a differential chemokine-TNC binding pattern was observed, with CCL26 exhibiting the highest and CCL2 the lowest affinity for TNC. Heparan sulfate (HS), another member of the ECM, proved to be a similarly high-affinity ligand of TNC, with a Kd value of 730 nM. Chemokines use glycosa-minoglycans such as HS as co-receptors to induce immune cell migration. Therefore, we assumed an influence of TNC on immune cell chemotaxis due to co-localization within the ECM. CCL26- and CCL2-induced mobilization experiments of eosinophils and monocytes, respectively, were thus performed in the presence and the absence of TNC. Pre-incubation of the immune cells with TNC resulted in a 3.5-fold increase of CCL26-induced eosinophil chemotaxis, whereas a 1.3-fold de-crease in chemotaxis was observed when monocytes were pre-incubated with CCL2. As both chemokines have similar HS binding but different TNC binding affinities, we speculate that TNC acts as an attenuator in monocyte and as an amplifier in eosinophil mobilization by impeding CCL2 from binding to HS on the one hand, and by reinforcing CCL26 to bind to HS on the other hand.
Estimation of directional permeability in fractured reservoirs - concepts and applications

Summary The value of using P-P AVOA measurements to constrain reservoir flow modeling in fractured reservoirs is assessed. For this purpose a transform is established to link directional permeability to the seismic anisotropy induced by a single set of vertical fractures. Reservoir simulations based on models populated by anisotropy-based permeability and also on outcrop statistics, demonstrate that fracture permeabilities assigned using wide azimuth and wide offset P-wave 3D seismic can have considerable impact on predictions of reservoir performance.
Monoclonal Antibody Disrupts Biofilm Structure and Restores Antibiotic Susceptibility in an Orthopedic Implant Infection Model

Bacterial biofilms on orthopedic implants are resistant to the host immune response and to traditional systemic antibiotics. Novel therapies are needed to improve patient outcomes. TRL1068 is a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) against a biofilm anchoring protein. For assessment of this agent in an orthopedic implant infection model, efficacy was measured by reduction in bacterial burden of Staphylococcus aureus, the most common pathogen for prosthetic joint infections (PJI). Systemic treatment with the biofilm disrupting mAb TRL1068 in conjunction with vancomycin eradicated S. aureus from steel pins implanted in the spine for 26 of 27 mice, significantly more than for vancomycin alone. The mechanism of action was elucidated by two microscopy studies. First, TRL1068 was localized to biofilm using a fluorescent antibody tag. Second, a qualitative effect on biofilm structure was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine steel pins that had been treated in vivo. SEM images of implants retrieved from control mice showed abundant three-dimensional biofilms, whereas those from mice treated with TRL1068 did not. Clinical Significance: TRL1068 binds at high affinity to S. aureus biofilms, thereby disrupting the three-dimensional structure and significantly reducing implant CFUs in a well-characterized orthopedic model for which prior tested agents have shown only partial efficacy. TRL1068 represents a promising systemic treatment for orthopedic implant infection.
Export Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment in Kenya's Manufacturing Sector: A Double Hurdle Approach

ABSTRACT:This paper investigates export spillovers from foreign direct investment on the exporting activities of domestic manufacturing firms in Kenya. Specifically, the paper aims at identifying the transmission channels through which foreign direct investment affects the export propensity and export intensity decisions of domestically-owned firms. The study also examines the importance of firm-level heterogeneity on the occurrence and behavior of spillover channels. The study uses a panel data set for manufacturing firms in Kenya, obtained from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys, conducted in three waves covering the period 2007–2018. Employing the Double-Hurdle model approach, and using the maximum likelihood estimation technique, we empirically demonstrate the relevance and significance of distinguishing three channels for intra-industry (horizontal) spillovers – demonstration effects, information effects and competition effects channels and one channel for vertical spillovers, that is, backward linkage channel. Findings of this study shows that domestically-owned firms in Kenya experience significant positive export spillovers on their export participation decisions through the demonstration effects channel and significant negative spillovers via the competition effects channel. The findings also show significant positive export spillover effects on the export intensity decisions of domestically-owned firms via information and competition effects channels and significant negative export spillover effects via the backward linkages channel. The results further provide evidence that firms belonging to industries with low technological levels were unable to absorb spillover benefits from foreign presence via the demonstration effects channel. The results also indicate that small and medium firms were unable to reap export spillovers benefits via information effects and backward linkage channels. The findings have important policy implications for managers of firms and policymakers in Kenya and other developing countries. To enhance export-related spillover benefits, domestic firms need to enhance their absorptive capacities by upgrading their technical capacities and improving quality standards. Governments should facilitate the exchange of information on investor needs, their capacities and skills requirements, thus bridging information gaps between domestic suppliers and foreign investors in addition to supporting domestic market linkages.
The Bearing-Capacity Failure Of The Transcona Elevator

Synopsis In 1913, a grain elevator near Winnipeg, Canada, experienced a bearing-capacity failure during its first loading. The foundation consisted of a large rectangular raft resting on a plastic clay deposit. The load at failure is known. This article presents the results of tests made to determine the properties of the clay, and demonstrates that the failure occured at a pressure corresponding to the computed ultimate bearing-capacity of the clay. The article is accommpanied by a supplementary not by Mr L. Scott White— an eye-witness of the incident. En 1913 la rupture d'un silo pres de Winnipeg, Canada, a eu lieu dont la cause etait l'insuffisance de la force portante. Le silo etait fonde sur unradier supporte par une couche d'argile plastique La charge au moment dela rup est connue. Les qualites de L'argile sont indiquees par les resultats presentes ci-dessous des essais de sol sur des enchantillons intacts. Ces resultats indiquent que la rupture a eu lieu sous une charge egale a la force portante li.
Contributing to global change science: the ethics, obligations and opportunities of working with palaeoenvironmental databases

Evaluation of the performance ofdimatc models under dimates that are radically different from today is an integral and important component of global change research: palaeoenvironmental data arc essential to this evaluation. Evaluation data must necessarily he available in the form of large-scale data synthcse,. Given the interdbciplinary nature of global change research. it is important that these large-scale syntheses are tran,parent to the user. Maps must he constructed so that the location of the primary data points is apparent. and accompanied by adequate mctadata and sufficient documentation to allow u'ers to estimate the magnitude of interpretative uncertainties. International database activitie' halT made the construction of several large-scale synthe,es possible. Nevcrthelcs,, practical and ethical difficulties continue to hamper the neation of global synthcse,. Continued discus,ion is required to ensure that these difficulties arc ultimately oven:omc.
Characterisation of titanium-rich heavy mineral concentrates from the Brahmaputra River basin, Bangladesh

The Brahmaputra River of Bangladesh is a potential source of significant amounts of heavy mineral (HM) sand concentrates. This study provides the first ever reported characterisation data for a bulk titanium-rich HM sand sample sourced from the river system. The prepared concentrate contained ∼10–15 wt-% HMs with the remaining 85–90 wt-% of the sample comprising silicate and aluminosilicates. Modal analysis for the Fe- and Ti-rich components indicated that the HM concentrate contained 4·7% primary ilmenite, 4·4% Fe-oxide (magnetite), 0·91% titanomagnetite, 0·94% titanite and 0·08% rutile. Quantitative analysis of the ilmenite component showed the TiO2 content of the ilmenite was within the range 40–52 wt-%TiO2 (average ∼48 wt-%TiO2) with major impurities including MnO (1·83 wt-%) and MgO (0·20 wt-%) and minor impurities being Al2O3 (0·02 wt-%), Cr2O3 (0·03 wt-%), SiO2 (0·08 wt-%) and V2O5 (0·08 wt-%). Based on the composition of ilmenite and current specifications regarding ilmenite compositional purity, the most likely method for processing would be via the sulphate route.
Development and Bioactivity of Zinc Sulfate Cross-Linked Polysaccharide Delivery System of Dexamethasone Phosphate

Improving the biopharmaceutical properties of glucocorticoids (increasing local bioavailability and reducing systemic toxicity) is an important challenge. The aim of this study was to develop a dexamethasone phosphate (DexP) delivery system based on hyaluronic acid (HA) and a water-soluble cationic chitosan derivative, diethylaminoethyl chitosan (DEAECS). The DexP delivery system was a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) resulting from interpolymer interactions between the HA polyanion and the DEAECS polycation with simultaneous incorporation of zinc ions as a cross-linking agent into the complex. The developed PECs had a hydrodynamic diameter of 244 nm and a ζ-potential of +24.4 mV; the encapsulation efficiency and DexP content were 75.6% and 45.4 μg/mg, respectively. The designed DexP delivery systems were characterized by both excellent mucoadhesion and prolonged drug release (approximately 70% of DexP was released within 10 h). In vitro experiments showed that encapsulation of DexP in polysaccharide nanocarriers did not reduce its anti-inflammatory activity compared to free DexP.
Public vs. Private Education and the Labor Market Disparities in Nepal: Evience From the Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition

ABSTRACT:The debate between private and public education is a widely discussed issue in personal and policy forums globally. In Nepal, private schools have grown significantly due to the perceived advantages associated with them. This paper tests if there are significant differences in labor-market outcomes for individuals educated in private schools compared to those educated in public schools. Research Methodology and Data: We employ nationally representative household survey data from the Nepal Living Standards Survey (NLSS III), conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) Nepal in 2010/11, utilizing the Living Standards Measurement Survey (LMSS) methodology developed by the World Bank. We apply the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method to examine the relationship between educational attainment and four distinct measures of labor-market outcomes: labor force participation, employment status, job security, and wage income. Initially, we estimate these outcomes separately for individuals in private education and those in public education. Subsequently, we calculate and analyze whether the disparities in estimated values can be attributed to differences in education. Our findings reveal significant labor-market disparities between individuals participating in private education and those in public education. Those with private education display lower rates of labor force participation and reduced employment rates, suggesting fewer working hours. However, those employed within this group enjoy more secure salaried positions. Furthermore, private education is linked to higher wage incomes, primarily attributable to longer educational periods. The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition demonstrates that most of these disparities are associated with variations in educational backgrounds. Consequently, the results highlight the role of segregated education in contributing to labor-market inequality, emphasizing the impact of private schools in exacerbating economic disparities in Nepal. The findings underscore the significance of educational attainment in ameliorating disparities between individuals educated in public and private schools. To address these issues, policymakers should concentrate on strategies aimed at increasing the duration of education for public school students, such as providing free, quality higher education. By narrowing the educational gap between private and public institutions, the nation can work towards diminishing wage and job security disparities, fostering a more equitable society. These findings also have relevance for countries grappling with similar socio-economic challenges, initiating essential policy discussions.
Additively Manufactured Microfluidically Reconfigurable Power Divider

This communication presents an additively manuf- actured microfluidically frequency reconfigurable substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology-based power divider. Additive manufacturing (AM) is expanding at a rapid pace with low manufacturing costs while facilitating extremely complex structures, whereas microfluidic technology allows continuous tuning. Employing the advantage of both technologies, the proposed additively manufactured power divider uses eight microfluidic channels for frequency reconfigurability. The dielectric fluid (distilled water) is injected into the channels to tune its operating frequency, considering six significant cases among various possibilities. The proposed power dividers are fabricated and measured; they exhibit the tuning range of 1.45 GHz (5.18–3.73 GHz) and 1.18 GHz (5.19–4.01 GHz) using AM and conventional manufacturing techniques, respectively. The additively manufactured power divider is lightweight, cost-effective, biodegradable, and provides a wide tuning range with good isolation of >15.34 dB. The proposed configuration is suitable for sub-6 GHz 5G applications in the n78-n79 spectrum band.
Predicting Marital Conflicts Based on Emotional Ataxia with the Intermediary Variable of Couples' Psychological Toughness

: Aim: The purpose of the present study was to predict marital conflicts based on emotional ataxia with the intermediary variable of couples' psychological toughness. Method: The method of this research is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the research was all the couples in Shiraz city. In this research, the sample size according to the instructions of Bentler and Bonnet (1980) is 15 people for each variable, considering that the selected samples were 331 people
Migrant Worker Research in the Field of Hospitality and Tourism: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

In recent years, the employment of migrant workers in the hospitality and tourism (H&T) industry has increased considerably. Many migrant workers find jobs in the industry either formal or informal. However, the number of research conducted on migrant workers has been declining. Therefore, it is high time to start the research on migrant workers. This study aims to critically examine the research on migrant workers in the field of H&T and to develop new perspectives for future research in the field. In this context, 25 articles published between 2012 and 2022 were systematically reviewed. The findings have revealed that the research on migrant workers in H&T has not made sufficient progress and that there are still many research questions to be answered. Based on this, 34 research questions have been developed for future research. Considering that there is no review study synthesizing the research on migrant workers in the literature, this study is expected to significantly contribute to the literature.
Regional homogenization of surface temperature records using robust statistical methods

An algorithm is described that is intended to estimate and remove spurious influences from the surface temperature record at a meteorological station, which may be due to changes in the location of the station or in its environment, or in the method used to make measurements, and which are unrelated to climate change, similarly to [1]. The estimate of these influences is based on a comparison of non-parametric decompositions of the target series with series measured at other stations in a neighborhood of the target series. The uncertainty of the estimated spurious artifacts is determined using a statistical bootstrap method that accounts for temporal correlation structure beyond what is expected from seasonal effects. Our computer-intensive bootstrap procedure lends itself readily to parallelization, which makes the algorithm practicable for large collections of stations. The role that the proposed procedure may play in practice is contingent on the results of large-scale testing, still under way, using h.
The Development of the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic in Different Regions of Siberia in the 2020–2022 Period

The comparison of the development of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in several neighboring regions can help researchers to assess the risks and develop more effective strategies and approaches in the field of preventive medicine. We analyzed the infection and mortality statistics for the 2020–2022 period in ten individual regions of the Siberian Federal District of Russia. We also sequenced complete genomes, which allowed us to analyze the genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 circulated in each of the ten regions and to build a phylogenetic dendrogram for the virus variants. The ParSeq v.1. 0 software was developed to automate and speed up the processing and analysis of viral genomes. At the beginning of the pandemic, in the first two waves, the B.1. 1 variant (20B) dominated in all regions of the Siberian Federal District. The third and fourth waves were caused by the Delta variant. Mortality during this period was at a maximum; the incidence was quite high, but the number of deposited genomes with GISAID during this period was extremely low. The maximum incidence was at the beginning of 2022, which corresponds to the arrival of the Omicron variant in the region. The BA.5. 2 variant became the dominant one. In addition, by using NextClade, we identified three recombinants in the most densely populated areas.
A Novel Method of Real-Time Assessment for Coronary Artery Anastomosis Skill

Purpose: Coronary anastomosis is the most key factor to accomplish coronary artery bypass grafting, which is one of the largest areas in cardiovascular surgery. Although we have organized on-site simulator training courses of coronary anastomosis using BEAT YOUCAN, it became difficult to continue it because of COVID-19. Therefore, we established a real-time evaluation sheet instead of an Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) evaluation sheet. The purposes of this study was to develop the real-time assessment system and to prove the correlation between the score obtained by the OSATS and the score obtained by the real-time evaluation system. Subjects and Methods: A total of 22 videos from the qualifying round of real-time coronary anastomosis competition evaluated by both the modified OSATS and the real-time evaluation system were utilized in this study. The global rating score of OSATS was compared with the global rating score of real-time evaluation system. Results: When examined the relationship between the OSATS total score and the real-time total score, there was a significant correlation (R = 0.752, p <0.001). The OSATS general definition score and the real-time total score also showed a strong correlation (R = 0.733, p <0.001). Conclusions: We developed a real-time assessment sheet to evaluate coronary anastomosis. This assessment sheet had a good correlation with the OSATS evaluation sheet.