Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interfacial Bonding and Fracture Behaviors of AZ63 Magnesium Alloy Sheet Processed by Accumulative Roll Bonding

In order to understand the strengthening and the failure mechanism of accumulative roll bonding (ARB)-processed AZ63 Mg alloy, the interfacial bonding and fracture behavior of an ARB-processed AZ63 sheet were studied through electron microscopic analysis. The correlation between the mechanical properties, the microstructure, and the ARB processing parameters of an AZ63 sheet were presented. The experimental results have demonstrated that the average grain size of AZ63 Mg alloy processed by ARB was remarkably refined from 12.8 μm to 5.7 μm when the ARB processing temperature was set to 623 K, indicating the occurrence and development of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) nucleation. With the increase in ARB passes, the microstructure obviously became uniform. However, after five passes of the ARB process at 623 K, grains with different crystallographic orientations at the interface can be rearranged to generate the coherent eutectic plane, which inhibits the further refinement of grain size. During the ARB process of the AZ63 Mg alloy, the grain refinement was controlled by twin-induced recrystallization and dynamic recrystallization. Microcracks at the bonded interface of the ARB1 sample were eliminated during the following 3~5 rolling passes at 623 K. After three passes of the ARB process at 623 K, the strength and elongation of the AZ63 Mg alloy increased from 232 MPa and 18.5% to 282 MPa and 26.3%, respectively. The tensile fracture morphology of the sample processed by three passes of ARB exhibited numerous dimples, and the slip lines caused by the cooperative deformation of refined grains can produce a network-like dimple structure, indicating that excellent ductile fracture characteristics could be obtained.
Smooth Optimal Control for a Class of Switched Systems Based on Fuzzy Theory and PSO

This paper proposes an approach to smooth optimal control design of two-point boundary value problem of switched systems with fuzzy operating regions. The switched system is modeled via a T-S fuzzy system, and then the fuzzy inference method of T-S fuzzy system is used to transform the switched system to a nonlinear system. For this nonlinear system, an optimal controller is designed. The control signal is a fuzzy control with weighted average defuzzifier. The fuzzy sets are used to partition the time space and a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed to optimize the weights. Simulations results demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Mixed 3D beam models: differential equation derivation and finite element solutions

In this document we illustrate the dimensional-reduction a pproach applied to 3D solid elastic equations in order to obtain a beam model. We start from the Hellinger-Reissner (HR) principle, in a fo rmulation which guarantees the selection of a compatible solution in a family of equilibrat ed fields. Then, we introduce a semidiscretization within the cross-section, this allows to re duce the problem’s dimension from 3D to 1D and to formulate the beam model. After a manipulation of the 1D weak model (done in order to guarantee the selection of an axis-equilibrated so luti n in a family of axis-compatible fields), we introduce a discretization along the beam axis ob taining the related beam Finite Element (FE). On one hand, the initial HR principle formulation leads to an ccurate stress analysis into the cross-section, on the other hand, the 1D model manipulat ion leads to an accurate displacement analysis along the beam-axis. Moreover, the manipulat ion llows to statically condensate stresses out at element level, improving the numerical effic iency of the FE algorithm. In order to illustrate the capability of the method, we consi der a slim cross-section beam that shows non trivial behaviour in bending and for which the analytical solution is available in literature. Numerical results are accurate in descripti on of both displacement and stress variables, the FE solution converges to the analytical solution , and the beam FE models complex phenomena like anticlastic bending and boundary effects. Ferdinando Auricchio, Giuseppe Balduzzi and Carlo Lovadin
A novel online monitoring system of frequency oscillations based intelligence phasor measurement units

In this paper, frequency oscillation has been present as it is an important issue in power systems, especially when it is joined to the new trend to use alternative energies as an energy source, as well as to be a big risk for the inter-connection of the modern electric power networks. Wind farm acts as alternative energy and connected to two buses on the Iraqi power system. Because the low-frequency oscillation monitoring needs be accurate and fast, the main objective is to propose a novel online monitoring system consisting of phasor measurement unit's (PMU) with artificial intelligence neural network (PMU-NN). The location of the phasor measurement units has been optimized using (graph-theoretic procedure algorithm) and the function for the artificial intelligence (NN) is radial basis function (RBFNN). The data information from phasor measurement units is the inputs to the artificial intelligence system then predictions are made Information on low-frequency oscillation (target). The MATLAB toolboxes (PSAT & NN) used to obtain results. Finally, from the results, the validity of the proposed (PMU-NN) system has been proven and tested on the Iraqi power grid (24 bus) in several cases and several places on the network and the comparison was made with the analysis model.
Estimation of heteroscedasticity by local composite quantile regression and matrix decomposition

ABSTRACT We propose a two-step estimation method for nonparametric model with heteroscedasticity to estimate the scale function and the location function simultaneously. The local composite quantile regression (LCQR) is employed in the first step, and a matrix decomposition method is used to estimate both and in the second step. We prove the non-crossing property of the LCQR and thereby give an algorithm, named matrix decomposition method, to ensure the non-negativity of the scale function estimator, which is much reasonable since there is no hard constraint or order adjustment to the estimators. Under some mild regularity conditions, the resulting estimator enjoys asymptotic normality. Simulation results demonstrate that a better estimator of the scale function can be obtained in terms of mean square error, no matter the error distribution is symmetric or not. Finally, a real data example is used to illustrate the proposed method.
Hormonal contraceptive exposure relates to changes in resting state functional connectivity of anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala

Introduction Hormonal contraceptives (HCs), nowadays one of the most used contraceptive methods, downregulate endogenous ovarian hormones, which have multiple plastic effects in the adult brain. HCs usually contain a synthetic estrogen, ethinyl-estradiol, and a synthetic progestin, which can be classified as androgenic or anti-androgenic, depending on their interaction with androgen receptors. Both the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the amygdala express steroid receptors and have shown differential functionality depending on the hormonal status of the participant and the use of HC. In this work, we investigated for the first time the relationship between ACC and amygdala resting state functional connectivity (rs-FC) and HC use duration, while controlling for progestin androgenicity. Methods A total of 231 healthy young women participated in five different magnetic resonance imaging studies and were included in the final analysis. The relation between HC use duration and (i) gray matter volume, (ii) fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, and (iii) seed-based connectivity during resting state in the amygdalae and ACC was investigated in this large sample of women. Results In general, rs-FC of the amygdalae with frontal areas, and between the ACC and temporoparietal areas, decreased the longer the HC exposure and independently of the progestin’s androgenicity. The type of HC’s progestin did show a differential effect in the gray matter volume of left ACC and the connectivity between bilateral ACC and the right inferior frontal gyrus.
Estimating the equation of state from measurements of neutron star radii with 5% accuracy

Context. Observations of heavy (⋍2 M⊙) neutron stars, such as PSR J1614−2230 and PSR J0348+0432, in addition to the recent measurement of tidal deformability from the binary neutron-star merger GW170817, place interesting constraints on theories of dense matter. Currently operating and future observatories, such as the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) and the Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics (ATHENA), are expected to collect information on the global parameters of neutron stars, namely masses and radii, with an accuracy of a few percent. Such accuracy will allow for precise comparisons of measurements to models of compact objects and significantly improve our understanding of the physics of dense matter. Aims. The dense-matter equation of state is still largely unknown. We investigate how the accuracy of measurements expected from the NICER and ATHENA missions will improve our understanding of the dense-matter interior of neutron stars. Methods. We compared global parameters of stellar configurations obtained using three different equations of state: a reference (SLy4 EOS) and two piecewise polytropes manufactured to produce mass-radius relations indistinguishable from an observational point of view, i.e. within the predicted error of radius measurement. We assumed observational errors on the radius determination corresponding to the accuracies expected for the NICER and ATHENA missions. The effect of rotation was examined using high-precision numerical relativity computations. Because masses and rotational frequencies might be determined very precisely in the most optimistic scenario, only the influence of observational errors on radius measurements was investigated. Results. We show that ±5% errors in radius measurement lead to ~10% and ~40% accuracy in central parameter estimations for low-mass and high-mass neutron stars, respectively. Global parameters, such as oblateness and surface area, can be established with 8–10% accuracy, even if only compactness (instead of mass and radius) is measured. We also report on the range of tidal deformabilities corresponding to the estimated masses of GW170817 for the assumed uncertainty in radius.
Selective void creation/filling for variable size packets and multiple wavelengths

With ever-increasing demand for bandwidth, both optical packet switching and optical burst switching are proposed as alternatives to increase the capacity of optical networks in the future. In these packet-based switching techniques, Fiber Delay Lines (for delay assignments) and wavelength conversion (for channel assignments) are used to avoid contention between contending packets. The involved scheduling algorithms decide on which Fiber Delay Line and wavelength each packet is scheduled in order to maximize performance. For the setting without wavelength conversion we proposed a scheduling algorithm for assigning delays called void-creating algorithm that outperforms existing void filling algorithms for a variety of packet size distributions. This is achieved by selectively delaying packets longer than strictly necessary based on a numerical procedure that assigns a theoretical value to each void based on how likely the void will eventually be filled and thus prove useful. This contribution extends the concept of void-creation to the important case with multiple wavelengths, where also the channel has to be assigned. Results obtained by Monte Carlo simulation show that with our void-creating algorithm the obtainable improvement in various performance measures highly depends on the number of wavelengths present.
Electrostimulation Devices for Wounds

We found that electrostimulation as an adjunct to usual wound care might be better than usual care alone for wound management without increasing the risk of adverse events. Electrostimulation therapy may have greater effectiveness for patients with chronic wounds versus acute wounds or those with venous leg ulcers (VLUs) who do not have surgery compared with those who do have surgery. Electrostimulation using pulsed current may have greater effectiveness on wound management than using direct current for patients with pressure ulcers. Limited evidence from subgroup analyses suggests that the effectiveness of electrostimulation may be similar to negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in wound surface area (WSA) and time to complete wound healing. One economic evaluation study used a within-trial time horizon (up to 24 weeks) and, based on the UK National Health Service perspective, suggests that electrostimulation is less costly and more effective than placebo at 24 weeks. We did not find any studies reporting on the cost-effectiveness between electrostimulation and NPWT that met the inclusion criteria for this report. One guideline suggests using electrostimulation as an adjunct intervention for managing postoperative pain in patients who have undergone elective caesarean section; another guideline strongly recommends against physical therapies (including electrostimulation) for diabetic foot ulcer management. A patient with lived experience of using an electrostimulation device for the treatment of a wound was involved in this report. He identified outcomes that are important to patients, primarily avoiding hospitalization and surgery, which were not outcomes reported in the identified literature. Considerations included the accessibility of the devices, training, and integration into homecare services.
Assessing the spatial variability of soil surface colors in northern Jordan using satellite data from Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2

ABSTRACT In the semi-arid regions of northern Jordan, soil surface colors show gradual variation from west to east. The dominant soil color in the northwest is a dark reddish brown. Toward the east, lighter brown colors dominate, and colors change further to light yellow in the east. These changes coincide with a climatic gradient (mean annual precipitation). Earlier studies showed a close and possibly causal correlation of soil colors (redness), soil weathering intensity, and mean annual precipitation. However, these conclusions were based on a limited number of soil samples. Our study, in contrast, shows the regional variability of soil colors in the context of geomorphological conditions and the climatic gradient. Two thematic maps of soils surface colors depending on verified supervised classification of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 data were created. Results show a remarkable similarity of Support Vector Machines (SVM) classification of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 in the area, and confirm a strong correlation of red soil color distribution, mean annual precipitation, and geomorphological aspects (depressions leading to higher water availability and thus soil weathering intensity). Accordingly, this approach offers suitable tools for a quantitative investigation of soil color distribution under the consideration of climatic gradients and varying geomorphological conditions.
Use of Different Types of Magnetic Field Sensors in Diagnosing the State of Ferromagnetic Elements Based on Residual Magnetic Field Measurements

The early identification of micro-defects in ferromagnetic elements such as steel wire ropes significantly impacts structures’ in-service reliability and safety. This work investigated the possibility of detecting mechanically introduced discontinuities using different magnetic sensors without magnetization of the tested object with a strong external field. This is called the passive magnetic testing method, and it is becoming increasingly popular. This research used differential sensors (measuring differences in field values at the nanotesla level) and absolute sensors (enabling the measurement of the magnetic field vector module or its components at the microtesla level). Each measurement result obtained from the sensors allowed for detecting discontinuities in the line. The problem to be solved is the quantitative identification of changes in the metallic cross-section of a rope.
Electrospinning Processing of Polymer/Nanocarbon Nanocomposite Nanofibers—Design, Features, and Technical Compliances

Polymeric nanofibers have emerged as exclusive one-dimensional nanomaterials. Various polymeric nanofibers and nanocomposite nanofibers have been processed using the thermoplastic, conducting, and thermoset matrices. This review aims to highlight the worth of electrospinning technology for the processing of polymer/nanocarbon nanocomposite nanofibers. In this regard, the design, morphology, physical properties, and applications of the nanofibers were explored. The electrospun polymer/nanocarbon nanofibers have a large surface area and fine fiber orientation, alignment, and morphology. The fiber processing technique and parameters were found to affect the nanofiber morphology, diameter, and essential physical features such as electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, thermal stability, etc. The polymer nanocomposites with nanocarbon nanofillers (carbon nanotube, graphene, fullerene, etc.) were processed into high-performance nanofibers. Successively, the electrospun nanocomposite nanofibers were found to be useful for photovoltaics, supercapacitors, radiation shielding, and biomedical applications (tissue engineering, antimicrobials, etc.).
Sentence Generation Based on Context-dependent Rule Coverage

基于规则覆盖的句子生成,是上下文无关文法句子生成的主要方法,但是它也具有局限性. 最近提出的上下文依赖规则覆盖,能根据文法的内部结构不同而具有不同的分支集合,比规则覆盖的精度更高. 目前,尚未见这种上下文依赖规则覆盖的句子生成算法. 该文在规则覆盖的句子生成算法的基础上,实现一个基于上下文依赖规则覆盖的句子生成算法. 该算法已在机器上实现并经过实验检验.
Applications of a pnCCD detector coupled to columnar structure CsI(Tl) scintillator system in ultra high energy X-ray Laue diffraction

Most charge coupled devices (CCDs) are made of silicon (Si) with typical active layer thicknesses of several microns. In case of a pnCCD detector the sensitive Si thickness is 450 μm. However, for silicon based detectors the quantum efficiency for hard X-rays drops significantly for photon energies above 10 keV . This drawback can be overcome by combining a pixelated silicon-based detector system with a columnar scintillator. Here we report on the characterization of a low noise, fully depleted 128×128 pixels pnCCD detector with 75×75 μm2 pixel size coupled to a 700 μm thick columnar CsI(Tl) scintillator in the photon range between 1 keV to 130 keV . The excellent performance of the detection system in the hard X-ray range is demonstrated in a Laue type X-ray diffraction experiment performed at EDDI beamline of the BESSY II synchrotron taken at a set of several GaAs single crystals irradiated by white synchrotron radiation. With the columnar structure of the scintillator, the position resolution of the whole system reaches a value of less than one pixel. Using the presented detector system and considering the functional relation between indirect and direct photon events Laue diffraction peaks with X-ray energies up to 120 keV were efficiently detected. As one of possible applications of the combined CsI-pnCCD system we demonstrate that the accuracy of X-ray structure factors extracted from Laue diffraction peaks can be significantly improved in hard X-ray range using the combined CsI(Tl)-pnCCD system compared to a bare pnCCD.
A Tactile Sensing Concept for 3-D Displacement and 3-D Force Measurement Using Light Angle and Intensity Sensing

This article proposes an optical-based tactile sensor design concept, which uses a light angle and intensity sensor to infer force and displacement from deformations of a silicone pillar. The proposed design uses a simple, low-cost fabrication method with an overall small-scale form factor. The sensor can measure 3-D displacement, 3-D force, and vibration. The overall displacement estimation error [mean ± standard deviation (SD)] in the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${X}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Y}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Z}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-axes was <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-10.8\,\,\pm $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 52.1, 15.4 ± 66.5, and 1.8 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm 17.6 \mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively, over a full-scale lateral displacement of 1-mm radius in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${X}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Y}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and 2.2-mm compression in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Z}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The overall force estimation error (mean ± SD) was <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-8.5\,\,\pm $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 47.6, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-8.5\,\,\pm $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 49.0, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-28.0\,\,\pm $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 92.6 mN for a full-scale force of approximately 2 N in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${X}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> or <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Y}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and 6 N in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Z}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Sensitivity to vibrations in the range of 10–950 Hz was also evaluated showing good sensitivity over this entire range. This new sensing approach could be of benefit in robotic manipulation applications, as it could be easily arrayed and/or integrated into the fingers of a robotic gripper to sense slip events and measure load and grip forces and torques.
Comparison of the Overall Motion Correlation Times of Several Mammalian Serum Albumins in Dilute Solutions Determined on the Basis of Maxwell Effect and the Debye-Stokes-Einstein Equation.

Abstract One of the rarely used ways of determining the overall motion correlation time of proteins is method based on the Maxwell effect. This effect consists in the appearance of a stimulated birefringence in liquids or solutions and induced by the mechanical force like shear stress in a streamline flow. To determine the overall motion correlation time for protein in dilute solution is sufficient to know the molecular mass and the ratio of the principal axes of protein, and an intrinsic viscosity. The intrinsic viscosity has been measured using an Ubbelohde-type capillary microviscometer immersed in a water-bath controlled thermostatically in the range from 5°C to 45°C for six mammalian albumins. To check the influence of solution pH on the overall motion correlation time the intrinsic viscosity value of the human serum albumin in solutions at the isoelectric point and beyond of it was measured. The thus obtained correlation times were compared with the times determined on the basis of the Debye-Stokes-Einstein equation.