Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Striking Example of the Atmosphere's Leading Traveling Pattern

Abstract Conventional and complex empirical orthogonal function (EOF) techniques show that for at least four months during the fall and winter of 1979/80 a large-amplitude, large-scale, traveling flow anomaly existed in the troposphere and stratosphere. This feature evolved in a cyclic manner, exhibiting an average period of about 23 days. Its phase propagation was toward the west, while its amplitude was concentrated in a broad envelope centered over Canada. The phenomenon was equivalent barotropic in the troposphere and increased in amplitude with altitude. It represented about 25% of the variance of geopotential heights in the troposphere and stratosphere for the months of November through March. The meridional and zonal structure of the zonal wavenumber one component of the traveling anomaly is similar to that of the theoretical 16-day wave. However, it is distinct from that theoretical mode in that its period is longer and, in the troposphere, zonal wave two makes a large contribution to its structur.
Representation and explicit calculation of Finite-time ruin probabilities

Abstract The paper presents in Section 3 and 4 two series expansions of U (w, t), the probability of non-ruin over a time-interval of length t when initial reserves are w. In Section 5 is developed a method for numerical approximation of U (w, t) given the first few moments of individual claim size distribution. This approximation is found to be very reliable for U (0, t) and fairly reliable in the range of (w, t) prodicing interesting values of U (w, t), even for quite eccentric claim size distributions. Numerical results are given in Section 5 and 6.
The Characterization of Two-Direction Vector-Valued Wavelets and its Applications in Material Engineering

Material science is an interdisciplinary field applying the properties of matter to various areas of science and engineering. In this work, we study construction and properties of orthogonal two-direction vector-valued wavelet with poly-scale. Firstly, the concepts concerning two-direct-ional vector-valued waelets and wavelet wraps with multi-scale are provided. Secondly, we prop ose a construction algorim for compactly supported orthogonal two-directional vector-valued wave lets. Lastly, properties of a sort of orthogonal two-directional vector-valued wavelet wraps are char acterized by virtue of the matrix theory and the time-frequency analysis method.
MODELING DRIFT ALONG THE HELIOSPHERIC WAVY NEUTRAL SHEET

Drift along the wavy heliospheric neutral sheet is believed to play an important role in cosmic-ray modulation and can explain the peaked versus flat intensity profiles during consecutive solar magnetic epochs. Modulation models are becoming more and more realistic and in order to determine the role of the wavy neutral sheet more accurately, we revisit a previous calculation for drift along it. While mathematically correct, we argue that the previous expression for neutral sheet drift, which follows naturally from the standard expression for gradient and curvature drift, must be adapted in order for the drift speed to be less than particle speed. We compare the effect of both the previous and the current more accurate version of neutral sheet drift on cosmic-ray modulation with results obtained by other methods.
Orthogonal superposition measurements using a rheometer equipped with a force rebalanced transducer

The design of a device for rheological orthogonal superposition measurements on fluids is discussed. Superposing a small amplitude oscillatory motion on a steady or transient shear flow provides a technique to probe flow-induced microstructural changes in situ by means of mechanical spectroscopy. Oscillations perpendicular to the main shear flow possess intrinsic advantages over the parallel case. It is shown that the closed loop system of a force rebalanced transducer of an existing rheometer can be modified to drive an orthogonal oscillatory motion and to measure the material response. Nonhomogeneous flow, annular pumping or cavitation can occur and have to be avoided by means of a suitable flow cell. A double walled Couette cell, open at the bottom is suggested for that purpose. The device is evaluated with Newtonian fluids and with a viscoelastic polymer solution. The apparatus has two major advantages. First the forces associated with the main shear flow can be measured simultaneously with the orthog.
The Wave-Driven Wind

Abstract By photographing the movement of smoke plumes and recording the air movement at fixed points above the water in an indoor wave tank, it is shown that progressive waves in water may produce an airflow more than half a wavelength, or 14 wave amplitudes, above the water. The significance of this finding is that it indicates that the mean wind speed should not vanish at the mean water surface as is commonly assumed, and that the vertical gradient of the horizontal wind near the surface of water covered by progressive waves should be less than the gradient near a land surface with other conditions nearly identical.
Psychopathology and Mindful Parenting in Parents of Preschool and School-Aged Children: The Role of Supportive Coparenting

The present study aimed to explore the mediating role of supportive coparenting in the relationship between parental psychopathology symptoms and mindful parenting and to explore whether the child’s age group moderates the associations in the model. A sample of 462 parents (94.2% mothers) of preschool and school-aged children completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Parental Perceptions of Coparenting Questionnaire, and the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale. A moderated mediation model was estimated to analyze the indirect effect of psychopathology symptoms on mindful parenting through supportive coparenting and the moderating role of the child’s age group. Higher levels of parental psychopathology were found to be associated both directly and indirectly (through lower levels of supportive coparenting) with lower levels of mindful parenting, regardless of the child’s age group. The results suggest that supportive coparenting is a relevant explanatory mechanism for the relationship between parental psychopathology and mindful parenting.
Fractional Derivative Constitutive Models for Finite Deformation of Viscoelastic Materials

A methodology to derive fractional derivative constitutive models for finite deformation of viscoelastic materials is proposed in a continuum mechanics treatment. Fractional derivative models are generalizations of the models given by the objective rates. The method of generalization is applied to the case in which the objective rate of the Cauchy stress is given by the Truesdell rate. Then, a fractional derivative model is obtained in terms of the second Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor and the right Cauchy-Green strain tensor. Under the assumption that the dynamical behavior of the viscoelastic materials comes from a complex combination of elastic and viscous elements, it is shown that the strain energy of the elastic elements plays a fundamental role in determining the fractional derivative constitutive equation. As another example of the methodology, a fractional constitutive model is derived in terms of the Biot stress tensor. The constitutive models derived in this paper are compared and discussed with already existing models. From the above studies, it has been proved that the methodology proposed in this paper is fully applicable and effective.
Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among Substance Use Disorder (SUD) Populations: Meta-Analysis

(1) Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of age-inappropriate levels of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity that results in functional impairment at work, education, or hobbies and affects family life, social contacts, and self-confidence. ADHD is a comorbid condition associated with a prognosis of severe substance use disorder (SUD) and the early onset of such. The aim of this meta-analysis was to obtain the best estimate of the prevalence of ADHD in SUD populations. (2) Methods: A literature research was conducted using PUBMED® and Web of Science®. The following search terms were used: [ADHD], [prevalence], and [substance use disorder]. RStudio® was used for meta-analysis methods. (3) Results: In total, 31 studies were included. We estimate the prevalence of ADHD among SUD patients at 21%.
A Novel Delay-Line Anode Design for Position and Time Sensitive Read-Out of MCP-Based Detectors

We have developed a novel delay-line anode design based on L/2 shifted maeander-lines for the readout of open-faced and sealed MCP-based detectors. In combination with the sealed detector (image intensifier) we are able to provide position and time sensitive single photon detection from near UV to near IR.
A 3D parametric inversion algorithm for triaxial induction data

We develop a parametric inversion algorithm to determine simultaneously the horizontal and vertical resistivities of both the formation and invasion zones, invasion radius, bed boundary upper location and thickness, and relative dip angle from electromagnetic triaxial induction logging data. This is a full 3D inverse scattering problem in transversally isotropic media. To acquire sufficient sensitivity to invert for all of these parameters, we collect the data using a multicomponent, multispacing induction array. For each transmitter-receiver spacing this multicomponent tool has sets of three orthogonal transmitter and receiver coils. At each logging point single-frequency data are collected at multiple spacings to obtain information at different depths of investigation. This inversion problem is solved iteratively with a constrained regularized Gauss-Newton minimization scheme. As documented in the literature, the main computational bottleneck when solving this full 3D inverse problem is the CPU time associated with constructing the Jacobian matrix. In this study, to achieve the inversion results within a reasonable computational time, we implement a dual grid approach wherein the Jacobian matrix is computed using a very coarse optimal grid. Furthermore, to regularize the inversion process we use the so-called multiplicative regularization technique. This technique automatically determines the regularization parameter. Synthetic data tests indicate the developed inversion algorithm is robust in extracting formation and invasion anisotropic resistivities, invasion radii, bed boundary locations, relative dip, and azimuth angle from multispacing, multicomponent induction logging data.
On-sky results of the ZEUS phasing sensor, closed-loop precision in the context of multi-wavelength measurements

The Active Phasing Experiment (APE) was designed to test four different phasing techniques and to validate wavefront control concepts for Extremely Large Telescopes. One of the sensors is the ZErnike Unit for Segment phasing (ZEUS), which was successfully tested on-sky along with the rest of the APE experiment at one of the Nasmyth platforms of the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in 2009. During the four observing campaigns, multiple results were obtained in open-loop and in closed-loop at different wavelengths. We present in this paper an analysis of the multi-wavelength data in terms of piston measurement precision at the edges of the segments and on the reconstructed wavefront, and an analysis of the evolution of these errors in successive closed-loop runs at different wavelengths. This work demonstrates how the applied multi-wavelength algorithm leads to convergence, allowing phasing of segments with piston errors of several microns.
The Delayed Correlation Envelope Analysis Technique Based on Sparse Signal Decomposition Method and its Application to Bearing early Fault Diagnosis

In order to extract the early weak fault information submerged in strong background noise of the bearing vibration signal, a delayed correlation envelope technique based on sparse signal decomposition method is proposed. This method can improve the signal to noise and extract the fault information efficiently. For the strong noise problem in the early fault, based on D-value of adjacent residual energy as the termination condition of the iterative method, reducing the noise effectively, and combine it with delayed correlation to enhance the denoising effect. The analysis results of roller bearing experimental data confirm the feasibility and validity of this method.
Maximum likelihood estimation in a Weibull regression model with type-1 censoring: a Monte Carlo study

Results of the Monte Carlo study of the performance of a maximum likelihood estimation in a Weibull parametric regression model with two explanatory variables are presented. One simulation run contained 1000 samples censored on the average by the amount of 0-30%. Each simulatedsample was generated in a form of two-factor two-level balanced experiment. The confidence intervals were computed using the large-sample normal approximation via the matrix of observed information. For small sample sizes the estimates of the scale parameter b of the loglifetime were significantly negatively biased, which resulted in a poor quality of confidence intervals for b and the low-level quantiles. All estimators improved their quality when the nominal value of b decreased. A moderate amount of censoring improved the quality of point and confidence estimation. The reparametrization b 7 produced rather accurate confidence intervals. Exact confidence intervals for b in case of non-censoring were obtained using the pivotal quan.
Progressive Cerebral Venous Thrombosis with Cranial Nerve Palsies in an Adolescent African Girl & Associated Diagnostic Pitfalls: A Rare Case Report

Abstract Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a cerebrovascular disorder caused by complete or partial occlusion of the cerebral venous and sinus system. The etiology has been attributed to hypercoagulability and pro-thrombotic states, leading to raised intracranial pressures that often manifest as headaches and focal neurological deficits. However, the multifactorial nature of CVT can create a diagnostic conundrum for clinicians. We describe a unique case of a 16-year-old female who presented with convulsions, postictal confusion, and drowsiness followed by residual weakness of her extremities. She initially presented to the primary care center with headache, high-grade fever, and altered mental status and was empirically treated for pyogenic meningitis. The patient failed to improve with a week of antibiotics and was referred to the tertiary care center for urgent attention. On presentation, the patient developed VI and VII cranial nerve palsy. Subsequently, MRI images showed filling defects in the superior sagittal, right transverse, and sigmoid sinuses with right parietal gyral T1 hyperintensity and T2 hypo-intensity. She was diagnosed with septic CVT based on sinus venous thrombosis and venous infarction, probably secondary to meningococcal pneumonia. It can be challenging to distinguish between both conditions as their presentations overlap. Moreover, cranial nerve palsy is an infrequent manifestation of CVT, with unclear pathogenesis. We highlight the role of neuro-imaging in the early detection of CVT and bring to light the unfamiliar symptoms and a more varied clinical spectrum that may hinder the diagnosis in a limited-resource setting. Future research should be explicitly modeled to improve the diagnostic efficiency of CVT and improve outcomes in younger patient populations.
Relationship Between the Albedo and Scattering Operators for the Boltzmann Equation with Semi‐transparent Boundary Conditions

The albedo and scattering operators are central objects in the time-dependent transport theory. Their mutual relationship has recently been established by Arianfar and Emamirad for the case of transparent boundaries. In this paper, we extend the result to general boundary conditions. To allow for this extension, the scattering theory for a transport-like equation is generalized to include partially reflecting boundary conditions. The existence of the wave and scattering operators is directly inferred from the properties of the evolution operators that are determined, in turn, by the physics of collisions within and at the boundaries of the scattering domain.
Rotational periods of four roAp stars

Abstract. Forty-five new measurements of the mean longitudinal magnetic fields and mean equivalent widths of 4 roAp stars have obtained using theMuSiCoS spectropolarimeter at Pic duMidi observatory. These new high-precision data have been combined with archival measurements in order to constrain the rotational periods of HD 12098, HD 24712 = HR 1217, HD 122970 and HD 176232 = 10 Aql. We report a revised rotational period for HD 24712 (Prot = 12.45877 ± 0.00016 d, crucial for interpretation of upcoming MOST observations of this star), new rotational periods for HD 12098 and HD 122970 (Prot = 5.460 ± 0.001 d and Prot = 3.877 ± 0.001 d, respectively) and evidence for an extremely long period for HD 176232.
Numerical scales for classification designs

We present a model which is applied to frequencies in cells of an m X m contingency table (confusion matrix) of medical Pap test categories (results) compared to the final histological diagnosis--a typical pattern recognition process involving classification of objects in medicine. This model defines numerical scales, which represent morphological dissimilarities among different Pap test categories or classes. Using this model, we fit the m X m two-way discrete classification table of Pap test by maximizing the likelihood and computing the corresponding morphological scales of classes. The model predicts the probability of errors (or 'confusion') of the Pap test data numerically. It estimates the scales of the discrete categories or classes in Pap test results, and uses these scales to represent relative distances between classes. By relative distances, one can identify a frequently confused pair of classes in Pap tests. Similar application of the model to ovarian tumor diagnosis also identifies 'confused' pairs in tumor types of diagnosis. With our experience, the model we developed provides a quantitative means in assessing the appropriateness of classifications in pattern recognition. It identifies the causes of mis-classification of objects and characterizes the closeness of morphologies of different classes by numerical relative distances. These relative distances help us determining when two classes should be divided or combined and, thus, effectively identifying objects in a pattern recognition process.
Finite Sample Analysis for Structured Discrete System Identification

We consider a discrete-time dynamical system over a discrete state-space, which evolves according to a structured Markov model called Bernoulli autoregressive (BAR) model. Our goal is to obtain sample complexity bounds for the problem of estimating the parameters of this model using an indirect maximum likelihood estimator. Our sample complexity bounds exploit the structure of the BAR model and are established using concentration inequalities for random matrices and Lipschitz functions.
Data on Race and Ethnicity: Revising the Federal Standard

Abstract Over the past four years, the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has conducted a comprehensive review of the statistical standard that governs federal agency collection and publication of data on race and ethnicity. The principal objective of this review was to enhance the accuracy of demographic information produced by the federal government. The multiyear process had two essential elements—public comment on the standard that had been in place since 1977, as well as on suggestions that had been made for changing the standard, and research and testing to assess the possible effects of suggested changes on the quality and utility of data on race and ethnicity. This article presents highlights of the review process and the decisions on modifying the standard that OMB announced in October 1997.
Dynamical inter-region coupling in the brain: A meso-scopic model from a dynamical systems viewpoint

In this paper we consider region-to-region interaction in the brain from a dynamical systems viewpoint, and explain it by proposing a simple model at a mesoscale level. The model is characterized by the following two points: (1) Spatio-temporal patterns of neural activities corresponding to some sort of ‘attractors’ in a local region are symbolically represented by simple limit-cycle orbits, and (2) dynamical inter-region coupling is realized as a form of mutual excitation among these orbits. By numerical simulations, we show how the phase transition between the activation state and the resting state in the real brain can be explained from this dynamical systems viewpoint.
Climatology of line‐shaped rainbands over northern Japan in boreal summer between 1990 and 2010

Line‐shaped rainbands (LRBs) are severe storm events that cause torrential rainfall across the mid‐latitudes and are difficult to accurately predict because of their complex physical processes. We examined the occurrence of LRBs in boreal summer in northern Japan over the period 1990–2010. In years with anomalously many LRBs, the development of LRBs over northern Japan was driven by a combined positive anomaly of warm sea‐surface temperatures and westerly moisture flux associated with the prominent pattern of the surface pressure anomalies between the main island of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk. In contrast, the number of LRBs were significantly small with opposite characteristics. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Large-sample estimation of parameters for autoregressive processes with moving-average residuals

sider the problem of estimating the set of parameters (ca,, ., op, /,1 . ,/&), given consecutive observations (xl, x2, ., xn) from the series, and show that for large n, the method of estimation for a moving-average model (obtained by putting coi = 0, 1 < i < p) which is described in a previous paper (Walker, 1961 b), referred to subsequently as I, can readily be adapted to the above model. As in I we shall assume that the representation of the moving-average residual process is 'regular', i.e. that the moduli of the roots of the equation
Frequency response of cantilever beams immersed in viscous fluids with applications to the atomic force microscope

The vibrational characteristics of a cantilever beam are well known to strongly depend on the fluid in which the beam is immersed. In this paper, we present a detailed theoretical analysis of the frequency response of a cantilever beam, that is immersed in a viscous fluid and excited by an arbitrary driving force. Due to its practical importance in application to the atomic force microscope (AFM), we consider in detail the special case of a cantilever beam that is excited by a thermal driving force. This will incorporate the presentation of explicit analytical formulae and numerical results, which will be of value to the users and designers of AFM cantilever beams.
0.8-1.6 micron spectroscopy of the planetary nebula NGC 7027

Spectroscopy from 0.76 to 1.62 μm of the planetary nebula NGC 7027 is presented. The discussion is focussed on the weak emission lines redward of 1.1 μm which either have not been detected or not been discussed in earlier studies, and on the near-infrared continuum. The weak emission features include lines of He I and He II, 0 I, [P II], and [Fe II]. Unidentified lines were detected at 1.2325 and 1.2443 μm