Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multifaceted resistance of gliomas to temozolomide.

PURPOSE AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The contributions of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase(MGMT), p53 status, mismatch repair, and apoptotic response to the resistance of glial tumors to temozolomide (TMZ) were tested using seven established human glial tumor cell lines in culture and xenografts in athymic mice. RESULTS Resistance to TMZ was only marginally dependent on MGMT activity, because subtoxic doses of TMZ easily eliminated MGMT reserves for at least 18 h after treatment. Resistance to TMZ varied most notably with the p53 status of the tumor. Tumors with wild-type (wt) p53 and a functional p53 response to DNA damage (SWB40 and SWB61) were most sensitive. The p21-related cell cycle arrest was intimately linked to TMZ toxicity because tumors with wt p53 but lacking a robust increase in p21 protein level (D-54) were resistant to TMZ. In contrast, tumors with a dysfunctional p53 cycle and a weak cell cycle response to DNA damage (SWB39 and SWB77) were extremely unresponsive to treatment even with the aid of MGMT inactivators. Notable exceptions to the above were observed with the p53 mutated tumors SWB33 and SWB95, which were arrested by TMZ in G1-S and consequently underwent apoptosis despite their failure to express p21. CONCLUSIONS By testing a limited number of glial tumors in cell culture and also as xenografts, we have shown that mobilization of the p53 in response to TMZ damage is likely to induce a cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in glial tumors. Additional pathways linking cell cycle arrest and apoptosis contribute to the efficacy of TMZ against p53 mutated glial tumors. The unusual resistance of tumors, of which the cell cycle was not arrested in response to TMZ treatment, was associated with allelic losses during regrowth of treated tumors. Nevertheless such resistance was not related to dysfunctional mismatch repair.
Black hole formation in fuzzy sphere collapse

We study the collapse of a fuzzy sphere, that is a spherical membrane built out of D0-branes, in the Banks-Fischler-Shenker-Susskind model. At weak coupling, as the sphere shrinks, open strings are produced. If the initial radius is large then open string production is not important and the sphere behaves classically. At intermediate initial radius the backreaction from open string production is important but the fuzzy sphere retains its identity. At small initial radius the sphere collapses to form a black hole. The crossover between the later two regimes is smooth and occurs at the correspondence point of Horowitz and Polchinski.
A Wireless Sensor Networks Test-bed for the Wormhole Attack

In some applications, wireless sensor devices must be secured, especially when the captured information is valuable and sensitive. The wormhole attack is a significant type of security attack that can damage wireless sensor networks if they go undetected. It occurs when the attacker records packets at one point of the network, and then passes them into a different node. This node then injects the packets into the network again. In this tutorial article, an actual test bed called BANAID. It describes a simulated wormhole attack against wireless sensor networks. In addition, a recently developed solution against this attack is implemented.
Transmission disequilibrium test of stromelysin-1 gene variation in relation to Crohn’s disease

Crohn’s disease (MIM 266600) and ulcerative colitis (MIM 191390) are the major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (MIM 601458), the prevalence of Crohn’s disease being more than 1/1000 in the Western countries.1 Inflammatory bowel disease is characterised by chronic relapsing intestinal inflammation, and its pathogenesis probably involves microbial, immunological, environmental, and genetic factors.2,3 Recent genetic association studies have shown that sequence variations in the Caspase Activating Recruitment Domain ( CARD15 ) gene (MIM605956, formerly named NOD2) on chromosome 16q are a strong genetic factor for Crohn’s disease but not for ulcerative colitis.4–6 CARD15 represents the first major Crohn’s disease susceptibility gene identified, and its identification might facilitate the uncovering of other genetic factors for the disease. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a group of matrix degrading enzymes that play an important role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, cancers, and inflammatory bowel disease.7 We have shown that, of four MMPs studied (interstitial collagenase, gelatinase A and B, and stromelysin-1), stromelysin-1 in particular is directly involved in mucosal destruction following T cell activation in the human fetal gut.8 Furthermore, patients with Crohn’s disease have increased expression of stromelysin-1 in the mucosa at both the mRNA and protein levels.9 Microarray techniques have demonstrated that stromelysin-1 expression is increased 8.7-fold in the mucosa of patients with Crohn’s disease compared with healthy controls (Pender SLF, unpublished data), and have also shown that stromelysin-1 expression is 8.2-fold higher relative to controls in PWM stimulated human fetal gut explant culture.10 Thus, although the stromelysin-1 gene on chromosome 11q23 is not located within the particular chromosomal regions (19p13, 16q12, 16p, 14q11–q12, 12p13.2–q24.1, 6p, 5q31, and 1p36) that have been shown to be in linkage with inflammatory bowel disease (MIN 266600), it is a strong …
The Programming Language as a Musical Instrument

This paper considers how to achieve new creative advances in the design of programming languages. It is based on the analysis of a single application domain, the practice of Live Coding in a new area of musical performance known as "Laptop" music. Analysis of live coding as a context for programming allows us to escape the implicit assumptions of the commercial office environment in which so much end-user programming has been studied. The programming environments of the future, with increasing deployment of ubiquitous computing technologies, will be unlike offices in many ways. We can prepare for this future by studying extreme varieties of programming today. Live coding is thus an ideal research opportunity for psychology of programming This paper considers how to achieve new creative advances in the design of programming languages. It is based on the analysis of a single application domain, the practice of Live Coding in Laptop Music performance. Neither laptop music nor live coding has yet received much attention in the psychology of programming or HCI communities, so this paper also provides a brief introduction and history of the field for the benefit of programming language researchers. We believe that the study of unusual programming contexts such as Laptop music may lead to more general benefits for programming research. This is because significant advances in programming language design have often arisen by considering completely new classes of user who might engage in programming activity. In contrast, traditional programming languages are generally designed to support professional programmers and academics, and their day to day activities have changed little over the past 50 years. Conventional programming languages have become more sophisticated, but mainly in order to provide better support for the kind of work that was described quite accurately by Hartree in 1950: "Programming is the process of drawing up the schedule of the sequence of individual operations required to carry out the calculation" (Hartree 1950, p. 111). Conventional programming languages have been greatly improved by improving our mathematical understanding, and the consequent sophistication, of what Hartree describes as "schedule" and "operations". However if programming is "a process of translating from the language convenient to human beings to the language convenient to the computer" (McCracken 1957), then as Myers argues (Myers 2002), we should also spend some time trying to understand what makes a language convenient to users. There is little benefit in considering the convenience of mathematicians or computer scientists, because they are quite happy introspecting on their own experience in order to make programming languages they like, and in any case there is little research challenge in this particular translation because "the language convenient to the computer" has been structured according to mathematicians' habits of thought in the first place.
Video Traffic Characteristics of Modern Encoding Standards: H.264/AVC with SVC and MVC Extensions and H.265/HEVC

Video encoding for multimedia services over communication networks has significantly advanced in recent years with the development of the highly efficient and flexible H.264/AVC video coding standard and its SVC extension. The emerging H.265/HEVC video coding standard as well as 3D video coding further advance video coding for multimedia communications. This paper first gives an overview of these new video coding standards and then examines their implications for multimedia communications by studying the traffic characteristics of long videos encoded with the new coding standards. We review video coding advances from MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 Part 2 to H.264/AVC and its SVC and MVC extensions as well as H.265/HEVC. For single-layer (nonscalable) video, we compare H.265/HEVC and H.264/AVC in terms of video traffic and statistical multiplexing characteristics. Our study is the first to examine the H.265/HEVC traffic variability for long videos. We also illustrate the video traffic characteristics and statistical multiplexing of scalable video encoded with the SVC extension of H.264/AVC as well as 3D video encoded with the MVC extension of H.264/AVC.
Face Recognition Using Multiscale Gabor Wavelet

This paper proposes and analyzes multiscale Gabor wavelet and eigenface method for face recognition. The face images are processed by using one-dimensional (1D) filter masks to extract the Gabor features without two-dimensional (2D) Fourier transform. The results of analysis and experiments show that the computational cost and the storage amount of Gabor features in PGE method are significantly lower than the ones in general 2D Gabor wavelet methods with a comparable recognition rate.
THD reduction and voltage flicker mitigation in power system base on STATCOM

Voltage flicker is a disturbance in electrical power systems. The reason for this disturbance is mainly due to the large nonlinear loads such as electric arc furnaces. A STATCOM is considered as a proper technique to mitigate the voltage flicker. Application of more suitable and precise power electronic converter leads to a more precise performance of the compensator. The voltage flicker compensation by 6 - pulse as well as 12-pulse static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) has been performed. In this case, injection of harmonics into the system caused some problems which were later overcome by using 12-pulse assignment of SATCOM and RLC Alter. This paper deals with the voltage flicker mitigation and reduction in total harmonic distortion (THD) and compared the results in detail. The obtained results show that STATCOM is very efficient and effective for the compensation and mitigation of voltage flicker and harmonics all the simulation results have been performed on the MATLAB Software.
Local Models Semantics, or Contextual Reasoning = Locality + Compatibility

limited distribution notice This report has been submitted for publication outside of ITC and will probably be copyrighted if accepted for publication. It has been issued as a Technical Report for early dissemination of its contents. In view of thetransfer of copyright to the outside publisher, its distribution outside of ITC prior to publication should be limited to peer communications and speciic requests. After outside publication, requests should be lled only by reprints or legally obtained copies of the article. Abstract In this paper we present a new semantics, called Local Models Semantics, and use it to provide a foundation to reasoning with contexts. This semantics captures and makes precise the two main intuitions underlying contextual reasoning: (i) reasoning is mainly local and uses only part of what is potentially available (e.g. what is known, the available inference procedures), this part is what we call context (of reasoning); however (ii) the context may change and there is compatibility among the reasoning performed in diierent contexts. We validate our semantics by formalizing two important forms of contextual reasoning: reasoning with viewpoints and reasoning about belief.
UML and OCL Transformation Model Analysis: Checking Invariant Independence

This paper discusses a case study for showing invariant independence for a transformation model. The study is based on an approach that proposes to analyze UML and OCL models using a solver for relational logic. In the approach, UML and OCL models describe system structures formally with UML class diagrams and OCL class invariants. Test cases in form of object diagrams are constructed and employed for property inspection. With the approach one can prove model properties like model constraint independence for the structural model part. Thus important model properties can be analyzed on the modeling level without the need for implementing the model. All feedback given to the developer is stated in terms of the used modeling language, UML and OCL.
Simulation and Analysis of Phase Noise Distortion in RF Transceiver of IEEE 802.11 a WLAN Bridge System

In this paper, simulation and analysis of phase noise distortion in radio frequency (RF) transceiver of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) bridge system are presented. It is focused on the oscillator in RF transmitter and RF receiver in the transceiver. The effect of phase noise on the constellation error of RF transmitter and the receiver sensitivity of RF receiver is analysed based on IEEE 802.11a standard. By this way, these analyses can be applied in early stage of oscillator design for RF transceiver of IEEE 802.11a WLAN system. RF behavioural models and Agilent Ptolemy simulator are used in Advanced Design System (ADS) software to perform simulation of constellation error and receiver sensitivity. As a result, it is found that the phase noise of oscillator should not be higher than -120 dbc/Hz at 1 MHz offset in order to optimise the receiver sensitivity and also to minimising constellation error in RF transceiver of IEEE 802.11a standard.
Inflammation-induced Bone Remodeling in Periodontal Disease and the Influence of Post-menopausal Osteoporosis

During physiological conditions, the skeleton is remodeled in so-called bone multi-cellular units. Such units have been estimated to exist at 1–2 x 106 sites in the adult skeleton. The number and activities of these units are regulated by a variety of hormones and cytokines. In post-menopausal osteoporosis, lack of estrogen leads to increased numbers of bone multi-cellular units and to uncoupling of bone formation and bone resorption, resulting in too little bone laid down by osteoblasts compared with the amount of bone resorbed by osteoclasts. Inflammatory processes in the vicinity of the skeleton, e.g., marginal and apical periodontitis, will affect the remodeling of the nearby bone tissue in such a way that, in most patients, the amount of bone resorbed exceeds that being formed, resulting in net bone loss (inflammation-induced osteolysis). In some patients, however, inflammation-induced bone formation exceeds resorption, and a sclerotic lesion will develop. The cellular and molecular pathogenetic mechanisms in inflammation-induced osteolysis and sclerosis are discussed in the present review. The cytokines believed to be involved in inflammation-induced remodeling are very similar to those suggested to play crucial roles in post-menopausal osteoporosis. In patients with periodontal disease and concomitant post-menopausal osteoporosis, the possibility exists that the lack of estrogen influences the activities of bone cells and immune cells in such a way that the progression of alveolar bone loss will be enhanced. In the present paper, the evidence for and against this hypothesis is presented.
Time-Ordered Networks Reveal Limitations to Information Flow in Ant Colonies

Background An important function of many complex networks is to inhibit or promote the transmission of disease, resources, or information between individuals. However, little is known about how the temporal dynamics of individual-level interactions affect these networks and constrain their function. Ant colonies are a model comparative system for understanding general principles linking individual-level interactions to network-level functions because interactions among individuals enable integration of multiple sources of information to collectively make decisions, and allocate tasks and resources. Methodology/Findings Here we show how the temporal and spatial dynamics of such individual interactions provide upper bounds to rates of colony-level information flow in the ant Temnothorax rugatulus. We develop a general framework for analyzing dynamic networks and a mathematical model that predicts how information flow scales with individual mobility and group size. Conclusions/Significance Using thousands of time-stamped interactions between uniquely marked ants in four colonies of a range of sizes, we demonstrate that observed maximum rates of information flow are always slower than predicted, and are constrained by regulation of individual mobility and contact rate. By accounting for the ordering and timing of interactions, we can resolve important difficulties with network sampling frequency and duration, enabling a broader understanding of interaction network functioning across systems and scales.
Characterizing the morphology of protein binding patches

Let the patch of a partner in a protein complex be the collection of atoms accounting for the interaction. To improve our understanding of the structure–function relationship, we present a patch model decoupling the topological and geometric properties. While the geometry is classically encoded by the atomic positions, the topology is recorded in a graph encoding the relative position of concentric shells partitioning the interface atoms. The topological–geometric duality provides the basis of a generic dynamic programming‐based algorithm comparing patches at the shell level, which may favor topological or geometric features. On the biological side, we address four questions, using 249 cocrystallized heterodimers organized in biological families. First, we dissect the morphology of binding patches and show that Nature enjoyed the topological and geometric degrees of freedom independently while retaining a finite set of qualitatively distinct topological signatures. Second, we argue that our shell‐based comparison is effective to perform atomic‐level comparisons and show that topological similarity is a less stringent than geometric similarity. We also use the topological versus geometric duality to exhibit topo‐rigid patches, whose topology (but not geometry) remains stable upon docking. Third, we use our comparison algorithms to infer specificity‐related information amidst a database of complexes. Finally, we exhibit a descriptor outperforming its contenders to predict the binding affinities of the affinity benchmark. The softwares developed with this article are available from http://team.inria. fr/abs/vorpatch_compatch/. Proteins 2012; © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Data Hiding approach based on Eight-Queens Problem and Pixel Mapping Method

A new steganographic algorithm is presented using pixel mapping method based on eight queens and number of ones in pixel intensity value. In our method, we are sequentially selecting 81 pixel blocks to embed message bit. The method works with randomizing the bit selection in the 81 pixel block using eight queens’ solutions. This approach finds relationship between secret message and cover image according to the pixel mapping table. In this paper, we have presented a secure image steganography technique with acceptable levels of imperceptibility and distortion in the cover image. In presenting algorithm, security is considered by the randomize selection of eight queen’s solutions based on a seed value. The presented algorithm not only provides high level security, but also produces high capacity and good imperceptibility. The algorithm has been tested with different image file formats like BMP, TIFF and PNG.
INTERPOLATION WITH POSITIVE DEFINITE FUNCTIONS

I t i s well-known t h a t k r i g i n g and i n t e r p o l a t i o n by s p l i n e s a r e e q u i v a l e n t . Kr ig ing i s based on a s t o c h a s t i c f o r m u l a t i o n whereas s p l i n e s a r e f o r m u l a t e d I n a d e t e r m i n i s t i c way. A t h i r d p r e s e n t a t i o n i s g i v e n i n terms of Rad ia l P a s i s F u n c t i o n s . The c n n n e c t l o n s between t h e s e t h r e e a r e d e s c r i b e d i n e l emen ta ry terms and implications f o r t h e properties of t h e k r i g i n g e s t i m a t c r a r e r e v i c w ~ d a s t h e y r e l a t e t o i n t e r p o l d t i o n by R a d i a l B d ~ 1 5 function^. R e s u l t s g i v e n by M i c c h e l l i d r e used t c o b t a i n new models f o r g e n e r a l i z e d c o v a r i a n c e s .
Tool Support for Incremental Consistency Checking on Variability Models

The complexity of variability models makes it hard for product line engineers to maintain their consistency over time. Engineers need support to detect and resolve inconsistencies. In this paper, we describe our initial results towards tool support for incremental consistency checking on variability models. The main aim of our research is to improve the overall performance and scalability of consistency checking. We report on experiences of integrating an existing incremental consistency checker in the DOPLER product line tool suite.
Osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis. A monozygotic co-twin control study.

OBJECTIVE To quantify the magnitude and distribution of osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry, in a monozygotic co-twin control study. RESULTS BMD was reduced at most skeletal sites in the twin with RA compared with the co-twin (lumbar spine 4.6%, femoral neck 9.7%, total body 5.7%). Differences in lean soft tissue (5.6% for total body) correlated with differences in BMD between twins at multiple sites. CONCLUSION Osteoporosis in RA is generalized and may be related to loss of mobility or muscle mass associated with the disease.
Insomnie par Administration de Parachlorophénylalanine: Reversibilite par Injection Peripherique ou Centrale de 5-Hydroxytryptophane et de Serotonine

Parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) produces a total insomnia with a permanent discharge of pontogeniculooccipital (PGO) activity. We studied the reversibility of this insomnia in physiological slow-wave sleep (SWS) and paradoxical sleep (PS) after 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP) and serotonin (5HT) administration. Whereas D-5HTP (5 mg/kg) had no effect, parenteral injection of L-5HTP (2.5 mg/kg) or DL-5HTP (5 mg/kg) immediately suppressed PGO activity, then gave rise to the return of SWS and PS with delays of 26 and 60 min, respectively. Intraventricular or intracisternal administration of 5HTP (250 to 1500 micrograms) or 5HT produced physiological sleep with variable delays. If chloramphenicol (which selectively suppresses PS in normal cat) is administered in a PCPA-pretreated cat, 5HTP still suppressed PGO activity and gave rise to a lower amount of SWS but did not restore PS. The results suggest that 5HTP is rapidly decarboxylated into 5HT in restoring the PGO gating effect. Thus, 5HT would seem to act as a classic neurotransmitter. The long latency for PS (and its suppression by chloramphenicol) suggests that 5HT would appear to be a neurohormone controlling another sleep-inducing factor.