Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Multi-facetted Visual Analytics Tool for Exploratory Analysis of Human Brain and Function Datasets

Brain research typically requires large amounts of data from different sources, and often of different nature. The use of different software tools adapted to the nature of each data source can make research work cumbersome and time consuming. It follows that data is not often used to its fullest potential thus limiting exploratory analysis. This paper presents an ancillary software tool called BRAVIZ that integrates interactive visualization with real-time statistical analyses, facilitating access to multi-facetted neuroscience data and automating many cumbersome and error-prone tasks required to explore such data. Rather than relying on abstract numerical indicators, BRAVIZ emphasizes brain images as the main object of the analysis process of individuals or groups. BRAVIZ facilitates exploration of trends or relationships to gain an integrated view of the phenomena studied, thus motivating discovery of new hypotheses. A case study is presented that incorporates brain structure and function outcomes together with different types of clinical data.
Open Architectures and Software Evolution: The Case of Software Ecosystems

Software systems are increasingly constructed on top of a software platform by adding and composing components that more often than not are developed by external actors. Those platforms project into software systems their own architecture and concepts and impose constraints, this strongly influences how components are developed and/or integrated. It is generally recognized that software architectures play a keyrole in managing software ecosystems and their evolution. While commercially there is an undeniable and increasing interest in software ecosystems, e.g., the Apple's iOS, Google's Android, Amazon.com, research in this domain is still in its infancy. This paper analyses, from the software architecture perspective, the state-of-the-art in software ecosystems and highlights future research directions from a technical point of view.
Thrombotic Aortic Restenosis After Transapical Sapien Valve Implantation

A 78-year-old man at high risk for aortic valve replacement (Euroscore, 44%; left ventricular ejection fraction, 30%; previous bypass graft surgery) had undergone a transapical aortic valve implantation (26-mm Edwards Sapien) with a good immediate clinical and echocardiographic outcome: peak transvalvular gradient, 15 mm Hg; aortic valve area, 1.6 cm2; and trivial aortic regurgitation (Figure 1). He was treated with dual-antiplatelet therapy (clopidogrel, 75 mg/d for 1 month; aspirin, 100 mg/d lifelong), as recommended after Sapien valve implantation. The clinical and echocardiographic follow-ups at 1 month were excellent (New York Heart Association class II; peak transvalvular gradient, 18 mm Hg; aortic valve area, 1.6 cm2). Figure 1. Transoesophageal echocardiography images immediately after implantation of the Sapien valve. A, Low aortic transvalvular gradient; B, thin and normal leaflets; C, trivial aortic regurgitation. The patient was admitted 4 months after the procedure to the emergency department with a non–ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, signs of left heart failure, and an aortic systolic murmur. There was no evidence of endocarditis: no fever, no rash, and normal inflammatory parameters as per laboratory findings. The coronary angiogram showed graft patency, and the aortic angiogram (Figure 2) demonstrated …
Awareness on Breast Cancer among the Women of Reproductive Age

Objective: To assess the level of awareness on breast cancer among women of reproductive age. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in OPD of Dhaka Medical College Hospital among the 175 respondents by face to face interview using pretested semi structured questionnaire. Results: One forth (23%) aged 21-25 years, mostly Muslim (86.3%), housewives (72.57%), had children (81.05%) and live in urban (69%) area. One third of them were illiterate and married at 16-20 years. Slightly less than half of their family income was taka 4500 to 5500. Six of 10 respondents (64%) knew that it was common cancer in women and almost all (94.29%) mentioned that breast cancer did not occur in old age. In addition half of them said that it was not inherited, signs and symptoms of breast cancer was spontaneous clear or bloody discharge from nipple often associated with a lump (61.14%), and it could not be cured (54.3%). Majority of them (78.9%) did not know that early diagnosis improves treatment outcome and the risk factor of breast cancer (65.14%). Half of them (57.5%) had knowledge that clinical breast examination as screening method of breast cancer but vast majority did not practice clinical breast examination. Only 16.67% of the respondents did BSE regularly and among them 83.33% did not know the best time for breast self examination. Practice breast feeding was universal among them but for less than 6 months. Conclusion: The study found that women were not so much aware regarding breast cancer and also preventive measures, risk factors so on. So for better awareness, campaign and counseling program from both Government and NGOs is needed.
Field–Circuit Cosimulation of 500-kV Transformers in AC/DC Hybrid Power Grid

To achieve the communication between field and circuit network solvers in an actual large-scale AC/DC hybrid power grid, a cosimulation system of electromagnetic transient calculation, on-site measured data, and finite-element simulation has been developed. A platform based on MATLAB is adopted for linking measured data, electromagnetic transient simulation in real-time I/O, and combining finite-element software offline. A dc bias on 500-kV transformer is analyzed with the cosimulation approach. Hypersim and Flux are used as electromagnetic transient and finite-element simulation software, respectively. A specific on-site measuring system is developed to obtain the dc bias current. With the platform, dc bias of 500-kV transformers is finally solved. The validity of the model is verified by no-load field testing in 100% and 110% rated voltage.
Grouped-Subcarrier Based Null-Data Switching for PAPR Reduction of OFDM with Low Computational Complexity

Being a multicarrier modulation scheme, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems generally produce transmit signals with high Peak to Average Power Ratio or PAPR. Amongst numerous PAPR reduction strategies found in the literature, a relatively new but promising technique is the null and data subcarrier switching method. In this paper, we propose a new approach of null-data subcarrier switching that can achieve acceptable PAPR reduction with significantly less computational overhead. Apart from offering advantageous features like side-information less detection, distortion-free signal tr nsmission and compatibility with other existing PAPR reduction techniques, our method also overcomes the problem of high computational requirement especially when higher number of null subcarriers are used for switching. This is achieved by applying incremental searching within preformed subcarrier groups. We demonstrate the effectivenes s of our method by presenting PAPR and Bit Error Ratio (BER) related simulation results.
Prevention of Tumorigenesis in p53-Null Mammary Epithelium by Rexinoid Bexarotene, Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Gefitinib, and Celecoxib

The chemopreventive effects of three agents, rexinoid bexarotene, tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib, and celecoxib, were tested on mammary tumor development arising in p53-null mammary epithelium. The rexinoid bexarotene was the most efficacious inhibitor as it reduced mammary tumor development by 75% in virgin mice and significantly delayed mean tumor development by 98 days in hormone-stimulated mice. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib reduced mammary tumor incidence by 50% in virgin mice but did not significantly delay mean tumor latency in hormone-stimulated mice. Celecoxib did not reduce tumor incidence or mean tumor latency in either of the two models. The high doses of the rexinoid and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor did not affect the progression of tumors arising from the premalignant mammary outgrowth line, PN8a. A comparison of these agents with tamoxifen shows the superiority of tamoxifen in preventing tumor development in p53-null mammary cells. Similarly, a comparison of the results of the p53 model with other transgenic models in their response to the chemopreventive agents showed that mammary tumors arising from different oncogenic events will respond differently to the different agents.
Acceleration of Object Detection using Classifiers

Detection of objects in computer vision is a complex task. One of the most popular and well explored approaches is the use of statistical classifiers and scanning windows. In this approach, classifiers learned by AdaBoost algorithm are often used as they achieve low error rates and high detection rates. To achieve high performance, acceleration techniques are used, such as use of GPU, SIMD, custom hardware etc. The contribution of this thesis is introduction of a technique which enhance object detection performance with respect to an user defined cost function. The presented method balances computations of previously learned classifier between two or more run-time implementations in order to minimize the cost function. The optimization method is verified on a basic example – division of classifier to a pre-processing unit implemented in FPGA, and a post-processing unit in a standard PC.
Radio over Fiber as a Cost Effective Technology for Transmission of WiMAX Signals

— In this paper, an overview of the radio over fiber (RoF) technology is provided. Obstacles for reducing the capital and operational expenses in the existing systems are discussed in various perspectives. Some possible RoF deployment scenarios for WiMAX data transmission are proposed as a means for capital and operational expenses reduction. IEEE 802.16a standard based end-to-end physical layer model is simulated including intensity modulated direct detection RoF technology. Finally the feasibility of RoF technology to carry WiMAX signals between the base station and the remote antenna units is demonstrated using the simulation results.
Front Speed of Language Replacement

Abstract We use two coupled equations to analyze the space/time dynamics of two interacting languages. First, we introduce a cohabitation model, which is more appropriate for human populations than classical (noncohabitation) models. Second, using numerical simulations, we find the front speed of a new language spreading into a region in which another language was previously used. Third, for a special case, we derive an analytical formula that makes it possible to check the validity of our numerical simulations. Finally, as an example, we find that the observed front speed for the spread of the English language into Wales in the period 1961 through 1981 is consistent with the model predictions. We also find that the effects of linguistic parameters are much more important than the effects of parameters related to population dispersal and reproduction. If the initial population densities of both languages are similar, they have no effect on the front speed. We outline the potential of the new model to analyze relationships between language replacement and genetic replacement.
Automated characterization of pigment epithelial detachment by optical coherence tomography.

PURPOSE To assess the accuracy of automated classification of pigment epithelial detachments (PED) by using a software algorithm applied to spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scans. METHODS HD-OCT (Cirrus; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) volume scans (512 × 128) were retrospectively collected from 46 eyes of 33 patients with evidence of PED in the setting of age-related macular degeneration (AMD, n = 28) or central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR, n = 5). In these eyes, 168 PEDs were automatically detected with a system-associated tool (Cirrus HD-OCT RPE Elevation Analysis; Carl Zeiss Meditec). Two independent, certified Doheny Image Reading Center (DIRC) OCT graders classified these PEDs into three categories--serous, drusenoid, or fibrovascular--via inspection of the B-scans. Manual classification results served as the gold standard for comparisons with automated classification. For automated classification, interindividual variation in intensities was normalized in all images. Individual A-scans within the detected PEDs were then automatically classified into one of three categories based on the mean internal intensity and the standard deviation of the internal intensity: mean intensity <30 (serous type); mean intensity ≥30 but <60 or mean intensity ≥30 and SD ≥30 (fibrovascular type); or mean intensity ≥60 and SD < 30 (drusenoid type). Individual PEDs were then automatically classified into the same three categories based on the predominant type of A-scan within the PED. For mixed PEDs (many A-scans of each type), a risk index for neovascularization was computed based on the percentage of fibrovascular A-scans. In addition, a confidence index was computed for each PED based on its mathematical distance from the PED category boundaries. RESULTS Among the 168 PEDs, the DIRC graders classified 16 as serous, 88 as fibrovascular, and 64 as drusenoid PEDs. The automated algorithm classified 14 as serous, 96 as fibrovascular, and 58 as drusenoid PEDs. The sensitivity and specificity values for automated classification according to type of PED were 88% and 100% for serous, 76% and 64% for fibrovascular, and 58% and 81% for drusenoid, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Automated classification of PEDs using internal reflectivity characteristics appears to be sensitive for detecting serous and fibrovascular PEDs. Automated classification and quantification of PEDs may be a useful tool in future studies for stratifying PEDs according to risk and possibly predicting the risk of advanced AMD.
Wine Quality and Varietal, Regional and Winery Reputations: Hedonic Prices for Australia and New Zealand

We estimate hedonic price functions for premium wine from Australia and New Zealand, differentiating implicit prices for sensory quality ratings, wine varieties and regional as well as winery brand reputations over the vintages 1992-2000. The results show regional reputations have become increasingly differentiated through time (although less so for New Zealand). In particular, cool-climate regions are becoming increasingly preferred over other regions in Australia. In each country, price premia associated with both James Halliday's and Winestate magazine's sensory quality ratings, and with Halliday's winery ratings and classic wine designations, are highly significant. Copyright 2003. The Economic Society of Australia.
Synchronization of the Time-Varying Discrete Biological Networks

The study of synchronization of population dynamics is extremely important for predicting and evaluating the risk of global extinctions. The migration in a network of patch populations (metapopulation) inevitably involves various environmental noises or outside disturbances, which make the migration is timely evolving and spatially extended. Thus the time-invariant discrete biological networks are often insufficient to capture the key features of real-world biological networks. Here, a time-varying discrete biological network is proposed to characterize the practical metapopulation for the first time. Based on this model, several novel local synchronous criteria are then attained, which provide some new insights into the ecological conservation and biological diversity. Moreover, these synchronous criteria are also applicable to the synchronization of complex networks in other biological and engineering systems.
Everolimus suppresses invasion and migration of renal cell carcinoma by inhibiting FAK activity and reversing epithelial to mesenchymal transition in vitro and in vivo

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults and the major cause of mortality in urological cancer. Most patients with RCC are asymptomatic until the disease is advanced and unresectable. In this situation, systemic therapy with immunotherapy or molecularly targeted therapy agents play an important role in therapeutic strategy. Everolimus (EVE), an m‐TOR inhibitor, has the potential to inhibit tumor progression at multiple levels and is indicated for the treatment of advanced RCC in patients whose disease has metastasis. In this study, we provide molecular evidence associated with the antimetastatic effect of everolimus by demonstrating the suppression of lung metastasis of 786‐O cells in mouse model. This effect was associated with reduced protein expressions of p‐FAK (Tyr 925), p‐Src (Tyr416), Vimentin, and RhoA and also with increased the E‐cadherin protein expression. In summary, these findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in the antimetastatic effect of everolimus and are thus valuable in the treatment of metastatic RCC.
Caching Strategies Based on Information Density Estimation in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

We address cooperative caching in wireless networks, where the nodes may be mobile and exchange information in a peer-to-peer fashion. We consider both cases of nodes with large- and small-sized caches. For large-sized caches, we devise a strategy where nodes, independent of each other, decide whether to cache some content and for how long. In the case of small-sized caches, we aim to design a content replacement strategy that allows nodes to successfully store newly received information while maintaining the good performance of the content distribution system. Under both conditions, each node takes decisions according to its perception of what nearby users may store in their caches and with the aim of differentiating its own cache content from the other nodes'. The result is the creation of content diversity within the nodes neighborhood so that a requesting user likely finds the desired information nearby. We simulate our caching algorithms in different ad hoc network scenarios and compare them with other caching schemes, showing that our solution succeeds in creating the desired content diversity, thus leading to a resource-efficient information access.
Avaliação do comportamento em fadiga de juntas estruturais de ligas de Al2024T3 coladas com adesivo epóxi

Aluminum alloys are widely used in aeronautical parts due to their good mechanical properties and low densities. These parts must be joined together to form larger assemblies. A structural joint is defined as a segment of structure that provides a means of transferring load from one structural member to another. The majority of aircraft joints are mechanically fastened with multiple fasteners. These joints present a high concentration of stresses around the fastener, because the load transfer between elements of the joint has to take place over a fraction of the available area. By contrast, the applied loads in the adhesive joints are distributed over the entire bonded area and reduce points of stress concentration. Joints are the most common source of structural failures in aircraft and almost all repairs involve joints. Therefore, it is important to understand all aspects of joint design and analysis. The aim of the present work was to perform a comparative evaluation of the structural joints of Al2024-T3 alloy in three conditions: mechanically fastened joint, bonded joints and a hybrid conFiguration of bonded-riveted joint. The Standard Test Method for determining strength properties of mechanically fastened sheet metal lap joints (NASM 1312-4) was used in all specimen conFigurations. Besides, fatigue tests were conducted in specimens under constant amplitude loading at a stress ratio of 0.1 to evaluate the efficiency of the structural elements during their service life. The results showed that when metal-to-metal adhesive bond procedures are used with a mechanically fastened technique, the static strength and fatigue life of the joint will increase.
Study on the Mechanism for Profit Distribution in Energy Supply Chain

Energy supply chain management is a new management concept in the field of energy management, while profit distribution is considered as the key issue present in the various entities of the energy supply chain. In this paper, a Stackelberg-type manufacturer-vendor-consumer profit distribution game model was constructed. Furthermore, by adopting income-sharing contract as the instrument to measure profit distribution, the profit distribution equilibrium between energy-distributor-dominant and the energy generation-dominant supply chains were studied in this paper. By doing so, a theoretical conclusion was drafted that the dominant enterprises in the sector gained access to more profit through the biased policy privilege that granted to them for many years; and the income distribution factors of these dominant enterprise ensured a maximized profit for the entire energy supply chain. Finally, the correctness of the concluded result was verified through calculations on the numerical examples.
Why we refactor? confessions of GitHub contributors

Refactoring is a widespread practice that helps developers to improve the maintainability and readability of their code. However, there is a limited number of studies empirically investigating the actual motivations behind specific refactoring operations applied by developers. To fill this gap, we monitored Java projects hosted on GitHub to detect recently applied refactorings, and asked the developers to explain the reasons behind their decision to refactor the code. By applying thematic analysis on the collected responses, we compiled a catalogue of 44 distinct motivations for 12 well-known refactoring types. We found that refactoring activity is mainly driven by changes in the requirements and much less by code smells. Extract Method is the most versatile refactoring operation serving 11 different purposes. Finally, we found evidence that the IDE used by the developers affects the adoption of automated refactoring tools.
Very highly toxic effects of endosulfan across nine species of tadpoles: Lag effects and family‐level sensitivity

Pesticides are commonly used for health and economic benefits worldwide, but increased use has led to increased contamination of aquatic habitats. To understand potential impacts on nontarget organisms in these habitats, toxicologists generally use short‐term (4‐d) toxicity tests on model organisms. For most pesticides, few amphibian tests have been conducted, but there is growing concern about the potential impact of pesticides to amphibian populations. For the insecticide endosulfan, previous studies have found that low concentrations can be very highly toxic to amphibians and have suggested that this mortality may exhibit important lag effects. To estimate the lethal concentration of endosulfan that would cause 50% mortality after 4 d (LC504‐d) across a diversity of amphibians and the presence of lag effects, LC504‐d experiments were conducted on nine species of tadpoles from three families (Bufonidae: Bufo americanus, B. boreas; Hylidae: Pseudacris crucifer, P. regilla, Hyla versicolor, and Ranidae: Rana pipiens, R. clamitans, R. cascadae, R. catesbeiana) and then held the animals for an additional 4 d in clean water. The LC504‐d values for endosulfan ranged from 1.3 to 120 ppb, which classifies endosulfan as highly toxic to very highly toxic. Moreover, holding the animals for an additional 4 d in clean water revealed significant additional mortality in three of the nine species. Leopard frogs, for example, experienced no significant death during the initial 4‐d exposure to 60 ppb but 97% death after an additional 4 d in clean water. A phylogenetic pattern also appears to exist among families, with Bufonidae being least susceptible, Hylidae being moderately susceptible, and Ranidae being most susceptible. Results from the present study provide valuable data to assess the impact of endosulfan on a globally declining group of vertebrates.