Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spices for Prevention and Treatment of Cancers

Spices have been widely used as food flavorings and folk medicines for thousands of years. Numerous studies have documented the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of spices, which might be related to prevention and treatment of several cancers, including lung, liver, breast, stomach, colorectum, cervix, and prostate cancers. Several spices are potential sources for prevention and treatment of cancers, such as Curcuma longa (tumeric), Nigella sativa (black cumin), Zingiber officinale (ginger), Allium sativum (garlic), Crocus sativus (saffron), Piper nigrum (black pepper) and Capsicum annum (chili pepper), which contained several important bioactive compounds, such as curcumin, thymoquinone, piperine and capsaicin. The main mechanisms of action include inducing apoptosis, inhibiting proliferation, migration and invasion of tumors, and sensitizing tumors to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This review summarized recent studies on some spices for prevention and treatment of cancers, and special attention was paid to bioactive components and mechanisms of action.
Activation of Recombinantly Expressed l-Amino Acid Oxidase from Rhizoctonia solani by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

l-Amino acid oxidases (l-AAO) catalyze the oxidative deamination of l-amino acids to the corresponding α-keto acids. The non-covalently bound cofactor FAD is reoxidized by oxygen under formation of hydrogen peroxide. We expressed an active l-AAO from the fungus Rhizoctonia solani as a fusion protein in E. coli. Treatment with small amounts of the detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) stimulated the activity of the enzyme strongly. Here, we investigated whether other detergents and amphiphilic molecules activate 9His-rsLAAO1. We found that 9His-rsLAAO1 was also activated by sodium tetradecyl sulfate. Other detergents and fatty acids were not effective. Moreover, effects of SDS on the oligomerization state and the protein structure were analyzed. Native and SDS-activated 9His-rsLAAO1 behaved as dimers by size-exclusion chromatography. SDS treatment induced an increase in hydrodynamic radius as observed by size-exclusion chromatography and dynamic light scattering. The activated enzyme showed accelerated thermal inactivation and an exposure of additional protease sites. Changes in tryptophan fluorescence point to a more hydrophilic environment. Moreover, FAD fluorescence increased and a lower concentration of sulfites was sufficient to form adducts with FAD. Taken together, these data point towards a more open conformation of SDS-activated l-amino acid oxidase facilitating access to the active site.
KARMA: a web server application for comparing and annotating heterogeneous microarray platforms

We have developed a universal web server application (KARMA) that allows comparison and annotation of user-defined pairs of microarray platforms based on diverse types of genome annotation data (across different species) collected from multiple sources. The application is an effective tool for diverse microarray platforms, including arrays that are provided by (i) the Keck Microarray Resource at Yale, (ii) commercially available Affymetrix GeneChips and spotted arrays and (iii) custom arrays made by individual academics. The tool provides a web interface that allows users to input pairs of test files that represent diverse array platforms for either single or multiple species. The program dynamically identifies analogous DNA fragments spotted or synthesized on multiple microarray platforms based on the following types of information: (i) NCBI-Unigene identifiers, if the platforms being compared are within the same species or (ii) NCBI-Homologene data, if they are cross-species. The single-species comparison is implemented based on set operations: intersection, union and difference. Other forms of retrievable annotation data, including LocusLink, SwissProt and Gene Ontology (GO), are collected from multiple remote sites and stored in an integrated fashion using an Oracle database. The KARMA database, which is updated periodically, is available on line at the following URL: http://ymd.med.yale.edu/karma/cgi-bin/karma.pl.
Análisis de las prestaciones de los sistemas LTE y LTE-Advanced a partir de procesos de simulación

espanolHoy en dia el desarrollo vertiginoso de las comunicaciones moviles, promovido por la cada vez mas creciente demanda de trafico, impulsa el despliegue de redes con mejores throughputs y menores latencias. En esta investigacion se hace una comparacion de los sistemas LTE y LTE-Advanced por medio de un estudio de los parametros que a nivel de enlace influyen en la tasa de datos que es experimentada por el usuario. Para ello, se compara el desempeno del enlace de comunicacion entre un usuario y su estacion base, empleando los simuladores LTE y LTE-Advanced Link Level desarrollados por la Universidad Tecnologica de Viena. Los resultados obtenidos muestran las ventajas de LTE-Advanced respecto a LTE, dadas por el empleo de modos de transmision superiores. De esta forma se destaca la capacidad de las tecnicas MIMO para aprovechar las caracteristicas intrinsecas del canal de transmision. EnglishNowadays' ongoing development of mobile communications, promoted by the dramatically risen in traffic demand, impulses the deployment of networks with higher throughputs and lower latencies. In this paper, a comparison is made between LTE and LTE-Advanced systems by conducting a study about the parameters, wich at a link level influence the most the data rate experienced by the user. To do so, the LTE and LTE-Advanced Downlink Link Level Simulators developed by the Universidad Tecnologica de Vienna are employed to analyze the communication link between a single user and its Base Station. The results obtained allow to appreciate LTE-Advanced advantages when compared to LTE, given by the usage of superior transmitting modes. Thus, the capacity of MIMO techniques to exploit the intrinsic characteristics of the transmission channel is emphasized.
Recurrent Convolutional Neural Networks: A Better Model of Biological Object Recognition

Feedforward neural networks provide the dominant model of how the brain performs visual object recognition. However, these networks lack the lateral and feedback connections, and the resulting recurrent neuronal dynamics, of the ventral visual pathway in the human and nonhuman primate brain. Here we investigate recurrent convolutional neural networks with bottom-up (B), lateral (L), and top-down (T) connections. Combining these types of connections yields four architectures (B, BT, BL, and BLT), which we systematically test and compare. We hypothesized that recurrent dynamics might improve recognition performance in the challenging scenario of partial occlusion. We introduce two novel occluded object recognition tasks to test the efficacy of the models, digit clutter (where multiple target digits occlude one another) and digit debris (where target digits are occluded by digit fragments). We find that recurrent neural networks outperform feedforward control models (approximately matched in parametric complexity) at recognising objects, both in the absence of occlusion and in all occlusion conditions. Recurrent networks were also found to be more robust to the inclusion of additive Gaussian noise. Recurrent neural networks are better in two respects: (1) they are more neurobiologically realistic than their feedforward counterparts; (2) they are better in terms of their ability to recognise objects, especially under challenging conditions. This work shows that computer vision can benefit from using recurrent convolutional architectures and suggests that the ubiquitous recurrent connections in biological brains are essential for task performance.
Neoproterozoic Zimmi diamond formation through infiltration of recycled methane into sulphide-bearing Archaean eclogite

Karen V. Smit, Steven B. Shirey, Erik H. Hauri, Jianhua Wang, Thomas Stachel and Richard A. Stern 1 Gemological Institute of America, New York City, NY, USA, ksmit@gia.edu 2 Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC USA, sshirey@carnegiescience.edu, ehauri@carnegiescience.edu, jwang@carnegiescience.edu 3 Canadian Centre for Isotopic Microanalysis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, tstachel@ualberta.ca, rstern@ualberta.ca
Design, implementation, and evaluation of transparent pNFS on Lustre

Parallel NFS (pNFS) is an emergent open standard for parallelizing data transfer over a variety of I/O protocols. Prototypes of pNFS are actively being developed by industry and academia to examine its viability and possible enhancements. In this paper, we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of lpNFS, a Lustre-based parallel NFS. We achieve our primary objective in designing lpNFS as an enabling technology for transparent pNFS accesses to an opaque Lustre file system. We optimize the data flow paths in lpNFS by using two techniques: (a) fast memory coping for small messages, and (b) page sharing for zero-copy bulk data transfer. Our initial performance evaluation shows that the performance of lpNFS is comparable to that of original Lustre. Given these results, we assert that lpNFS is a promising approach to combining the benefits of pNFS and Lustre, and it exposes the underlying capabilities of Lustre file systems while transparently supporting pNFS clients.
All in the CCN family: essential matricellular signaling modulators emerge from the bunker

The CCN family is a group of six secreted proteins that specifically associate with the extracellular matrix. Structurally, CCN proteins are modular, containing up to four distinct functional domains. CCN family members are induced by growth factors and cytokines such as TGFβ and endothelin 1 and cellular stress such as hypoxia, and are overexpressed in pathological conditions that affect connective tissues, including scarring, fibrosis and cancer. Although CCN family members were discovered over a decade ago, the precise biological role, mechanism of action and physiological function of these proteins has remained elusive until recently, when several key mechanistic insights into the CCN family emerged. The CCNs have been shown to have key roles as matricellular proteins, serving as adaptor molecules connecting the cell surface and extracellular matrix (ECM). Although they appear not to have specific high-affinity receptors, they signal through integrins and proteoglycans. Furthermore, in addition to having inherent adhesive abilities that modulate focal adhesions and control cell attachment and migration, they execute their functions by modulating the activity of a variety of different growth factors, such as TGFβ. CCN proteins not only regulate crucial biological processes including cell differentiation, proliferation, adhesion, migration, apoptosis, ECM production, chondrogenesis and angiogenesis, but also have more sinister roles promoting conditions such as fibrogenesis.
Manganese Poisoning in Moroccan Miners

While there is very little in the literature about criminal or accidental manganese poisoning, man ganese ores and their industrial applications give rise to a number of cases of occupational poisoning. The historical background of the condition has already been reviewed in a previous paper (Rodier and Rodier, 1949) but it should be noted that this occupational disease has been recognized since 1837 when Couper of Glasgow observed the first cases among five manganese ore crushers. He described a series of nervous phenomena : muscular weakness, paraplegia, tremor of the extremities, a tendency to lean forward while walking, whispering speech, and salivation. Since then a number of writers have made further observations and recognized manganese as a poison affecting the central nervous system. It is less well known than other metallic poisons. It continues to be rare since only a limited number of workers come in contact with manganese in a dangerous form. The symptoms, which progress as a rule to total disablement, render it one of the most serious occupational hazards. It poses important social problems, as much concerning the rehabilitation of partially incapacitated labourers, as the care of the sick man and his family by the community.
Environmental enhancement of DM haloes

We study the properties of dark matter haloes of a LCDM model in different environments. Using the distance of the 5th nearest neighbour as an environmental density indicator, we show that haloes in a high density environment are more massive, richer and have larger radii and larger velocity dispersions than haloes in a low density environment. Haloes in high density regions move with larger velocities, and are more spherical than haloes in low density regions. In addition, low mass haloes in the vicinity of the most massive haloes are themselves more massive, larger and have larger rms velocities and larger 3D velocities than low mass haloes far from massive haloes. The velocities of low mass haloes near massive haloes increase with the parent halo mass. Our results are in agreement with recent findings about environmental effects for groups and clusters of galaxies from deep (SDSS and LCRS) surveys.
Endoscopic Anatomy of the Petrous Segment of the Internal Carotid Artery

Background Exposure of the petrous (C2) segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA; petrous carotid) is necessary to treat lesions that have spread from the intracranial space or adjacent sinonasal region. Recent advancements in endonasal-endoscopic approaches to the anterior skull base raise the possibility of extending these approaches beyond the sinonasal cavity. In this cadaveric study, we evaluate the feasibility and extent of exposure of the petrous carotid artery via a combined endoscopic endonasal approach. Methods Endoscopic dissection was performed in four formalin-fixed cadaver heads (eight sides). An endoscopic, endonasal, transmaxillary approach was used to identify the cervical and petrous carotid artery. Results With the endoscopic endonasal, Caldwell-Luc approach, we could visualize the ventral petrous bone after dissecting the contents of the pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa. Careful dissection allowed exposure of the petrous carotid artery from the upper cervical carotid to the foramen lacerum. Conclusion In this cadaveric study using an endoscopic endonasal approach for exposure of the petrous carotid artery, combination with the transmaxillary-transpterygopalatine-transinfratemporal approaches permitted exposure of the ventral portion of the artery. The anatomy presented will assist experienced endoscopic skull base surgeons in the removal of lesions involving the ventral skull base.
Has OpenStreetMap a role in Digital Earth applications?

Volunteered geographic information (VGI), as a special subset of crowdsourcing, has provoked interest from many scientific disciplines and industry in the past few years. OpenStreetMap (OSM) is the most famous and well supported example of a VGI project on the Internet today. As a technology, Digital Earth (DE) offers immediate access to enormous quantities of data and information, referenced by locations on the surface of the planet. One of DE's goals is to make global spatial information ubiquitously available as an essential component of democracy. OSM's mission is well positioned within this goal where OSM aims to create a freely available editable map database of the world. This paper explores the characteristics of the collaborative, crowd-based, editing of spatial data in OSM and the crowd itself. We provide some conclusions on how OSM can be best integrated into the fabric of DE.
Different clinical expressions in two families with Stargardt's macular dystrophy (STGD1).

PURPOSE To describe the clinical expressions, with emphasis on electrophysiological examinations, in two Swedish families with Stargardt's macular dystrophy (STGD1). METHODS Two pairs of siblings with STGD1, for whom diagnosis had been confirmed by genetic linkage to the ABCA4 gene region, were examined regarding visual acuity, kinetic perimetry, fundus photography, full-field ERG and multifocal ERG (MERG). Possible disease-causing mutations were screened for by DNA sequencing of selected regions of the ABCA4 gene. RESULTS All STGD1 patients had visual acuity 0.07-0.1. The two families presented different fundus appearances, MERGs and implicit times on 30 Hz flicker white light full-field ERGs. Genetic analysis revealed one unique sequence variation in exon 19 of the ABCA4 gene, in one allele from the patients of one of the families. This point mutation causes the amino acid substitution T972N in the ABCR protein. CONCLUSION Two pairs of siblings with STGD1 presented two different expressions of the disease regarding the distribution of the retinal dysfunction. One possible molecular explanation to the different clinical expressions may be the T972N substitution present in the ABCR protein in one of the STGD1 families investigated.
OTA measurement of wireless devices with single and multiple antennas in anechoic chamber

For a SISO system in which we have one TX antenna (BTS) and one RX antenna (UE), the OTA measurement consists in determining the transmitter and receiver characteristics of the wireless device in a controlled uniform environment such as the anechoic chamber. TRP (Total Receiver Power) and TIS (Total Isotropic Sensitivity) are the FoMs to be considered. The reference specifications for such measurements are the CTIA OTA Test Plan v.3. 2.2 and the 3GPP TS 34.114 [1-2]. In MIMO systems, the spatial correlation, a function of both antenna and propagation characteristics, plays a key role. Indeed, the level of correlation cannot be determined based on propagation characteristics without knowing the characteristics of the antenna. Similarly, the level of correlation cannot be determined based on the antenna characteristics without knowing the propagation characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to include both antenna and propagation characteristics at the same time when testing multi-antenna terminals. In order to understand the end-to-end reception performance of a multiple antenna device, Over-the-Air (OTA) testing is needed. Due to the complexity of multiple antenna setup, a flexible and fast accurate testing solution becomes a major asset in the antenna design cycle and final product verification (and consequently, Time To Market). The Anechoic Chamber Based OTA simulates a complex multipath environment at the location of the device in a repeatable way by using radio channel emulators connected to a circular array of probes [3-4-5]. This paper will describe the features of both SISO and MIMO OTA systems setups and highlight the advantages of the anechoic chamber based OTA method for MIMO performance testing.
Change in colour appearance of small defocused lights

Small long wavelength lights (≤ 1’ arc) change colour appearance with positive defocus, appearing yellow or white. I investigated influences of longitudinal chromatic aberration and monochromatic aberrations on colour appearance of small narrow band lights. Seven cyclopleged participants viewed a small light (1’ arc diameter, λmax range 510 - 628 nm) centred within a 4.6’ black annulus and surrounded by a uniform white field under photopic light levels. An optical trombone varied focus. Participants were required to vary the focus by moving the optical trombone in either positive or negative direction and report when they noticed a change in appearance of the defocused narrow band light. Longitudinal chromatic aberration was controlled using a Powell achromatizing lens and its doublet and triplet components that neutralized, doubled and reversed the eye’s chromatic aberration, respectively. Changes in colour appearance for a 628 nm light occurred without any lens at +0.5 ± 0.2D defocus and with the doublet at +0.6 ± 0.2 D. The achromatizing lens did not affect appearance and the phenomenon was evident with the triplet for negative defocus (-0.5 ± 0.3 D). Adaptive optics correction of astigmatism and higher order monochromatic aberration did not affect magnitude significantly. Colour changes occurred despite a range of participant L/M cone ratios. Direction of change in colour appearance was reversed for short compared to long wavelengths. We conclude that longitudinal chromatic aberrations, but not monochromatic aberrations, are involved in changing appearance of small lights with defocus. Additional neuronal mechanisms that may contribute to the colour changes are considered.
Recognition of C-terminal amino acids in tubulin by pore loops in Spastin is important for microtubule severing

Spastin, an AAA ATPase mutated in the neurodegenerative disease hereditary spastic paraplegia, severs microtubules. Many other AAA proteins form ring-shaped hexamers and contain pore loops, which project into the ring's central cavity and act as ratchets that pull on target proteins, leading, in some cases, to conformational changes. We show that Spastin assembles into a hexamer and that loops within the central pore recognize C-terminal amino acids of tubulin. Key pore loop amino acids are required for severing, including one altered by a disease-associated mutation. We also show that Spastin contains a second microtubule binding domain that makes a distinct interaction with microtubules and is required for severing. Given that Spastin engages the MT in two places and that both interactions are required for severing, we propose that severing occurs by forces exerted on the C-terminal tail of tubulin, which results in a conformational change in tubulin, which releases it from the polymer.
Intraoperative Electrocorticography in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Surgery

Although in clinical use for many years, the validity of intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) in guiding resective temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) surgery is uncertain. Advances in neuroimaging and extraoperative intracranial recordings have contributed greatly to the identification of epileptogenic lesions and cortex, clarifying the limitations of a brief intraoperative interictal recording. Studies of undifferentiated ECoG findings (which classify all interictal cortical spike discharges as equal) tend to not support this method. This article reviews ECoG and presents data from 86 TLE surgeries at the University of British Columbia suggesting that differentiation of ECoG features may enhance the contribution of this time honored method. Specifically, independent foci may be more important for epileptogenesis than synchronous foci, and postexcision activation appears to be a benign phenomenon, while residual spikes unaltered by the resection correlate with a greater proportion of seizure recurrence.
Transformation of Natural Genetic Variation into Haemophilus Influenzae Genomes

Many bacteria are able to efficiently bind and take up double-stranded DNA fragments, and the resulting natural transformation shapes bacterial genomes, transmits antibiotic resistance, and allows escape from immune surveillance. The genomes of many competent pathogens show evidence of extensive historical recombination between lineages, but the actual recombination events have not been well characterized. We used DNA from a clinical isolate of Haemophilus influenzae to transform competent cells of a laboratory strain. To identify which of the ∼40,000 polymorphic differences had recombined into the genomes of four transformed clones, their genomes and their donor and recipient parents were deep sequenced to high coverage. Each clone was found to contain ∼1000 donor polymorphisms in 3–6 contiguous runs (8.1±4.5 kb in length) that collectively comprised ∼1–3% of each transformed chromosome. Seven donor-specific insertions and deletions were also acquired as parts of larger donor segments, but the presence of other structural variation flanking 12 of 32 recombination breakpoints suggested that these often disrupt the progress of recombination events. This is the first genome-wide analysis of chromosomes directly transformed with DNA from a divergent genotype, connecting experimental studies of transformation with the high levels of natural genetic variation found in isolates of the same species.