Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polysemic Analysis of the Preposition /læ/ , /wæ/, /-wægærd / and /wæpi/ in Kalhori Kurdish within Principled- Polysemy Approach

Aim of the Research: Looking at the attitude of semantics, the present study aims to investigate some of the most practical prepositions, such as /læ/, /wæ/, /wægærd / and /wæpi/ in Kalhori Kurdish within principled-polysemy approach (Evans & Tyler, 2004a, 2004b; Evans & Green, 2006). The Methodology of the Research: The nature of the method of this study is analytic-descriptive and its type is corpus-based. The Selected corpus has been obtained from interviews with the speakers of this dialect from Kurdish language, and their originality have been approved completely that this study has focused on some samples for each distinct meaning due to the limitaition of its pages. Research Question: This research has done to explore and determine the distinct meanings of the prepositions /læ/, /wæ/, /wægærd / and /wæpi/ in Kalhori Kurdish within principled-polysemy approach. Thus, the author has represented them in a semantic network seperately. Research Results: In this regard, the research results show that the prototypical meaning of the preposition /læ/ coming to the speakers' mind immediately is "from" having eighteen distinct meanings and five semantic clusters, such as; "contrast cluster", "collocation cluster", "polysemy cluster", "time-space cluster", and "metaphoric cluster" in its own semantic network. with conducted careful studies, it was found that, in some cases, Kalhori speakers use the preposition /læ/ in the place of /wæ/ in those contexts with those meanings interchangeably, but in addition to these meanings the preposition /wæ/ is used in two other different meanings, i.e; the meanings "by" and "to", in which the preposition /læ/ can't be used. So, /wæ/ has twenty one distinct meanings. The prototypical meaning of the preposition /wægærd/ is "with" having eleven distinct meanings and three semantic clusters, such as; "collocation cluster", "contrast cluster" and "metaphoric cluster" in its own semantic network. The prototypical meaning of the preposition /wæpi/ is "to" having five distinct meanings and two semantic clusters, such as; "contrastive cluster" and the meaning "about" in its own semantic network.
Potential game theoretic attitude coordination on the circle: Synchronization and balanced circular formation

In this paper we consider potential game theoretic attitude coordination. We especially focus on two ordered configurations: “synchronization” and “balanced circular formation”. We first show that both problems constitute potential games by employing some global and individual objective functions, and a learning algorithm called Restrictive Spatial Adaptive Play (RSAP) leads robots to the ordered configurations with high probability even in the presence of mobility constraints. We moreover show that the problem also constitutes a group-based potential game and convergence of distribution of actions to stationary one can be accelerated. Finally, the effectiveness of the schemes is demonstrated by simulation and experiments on a testbed.
A cofinite universal space for proper actions for mapping class groups

We prove that the mapping class group $\Gamma_{g,n}$ for surfaces of negative Euler characteristic has a cofinite universal space $\E$ for proper actions (the resulting quotient is a finite $CW$-complex). The approach is to construct a truncated Teichmueller space $\T_{g,n}(\epsilon)$ by introducing a lower bound for the length of shortest closed geodesics and showing that $\T_{g,n}(\epsilon)$ is a $\Gamma_{g,n}$ equivariant deformation retract of the Teichmueller space $\T_{g, n}$. The existence of such a cofinite universal space is important in the study of the cohomology of the group $\gag$. As an application, we note that there are only finitely many conjugacy classes of finite subgroups of $\Gamma_{g,n}$. Another application is that the rational Novikov conjecture in K-theory holds for $\Gamma_{g,n}$.
The leafing intensity premium hypothesis tested across clades, growth forms and altitudes

1. Recent reports provide empirical evidence for a negative isometric scaling of (log)leaf number per unit shoot volume (i.e. leafing intensity) to (log)leaf size in woody plants. In this context, a theory of leaf size variation was anticipated, stating that natural selection should have favoured high leafing intensity, given that most tree and shrub species are small‐leaved. Leaf size is thus proposed to be a mere correlate of leafing intensity. This was coined the leafing intensity premium hypothesis.
Augmented manufacturing: a study with impaired persons on assistive systems using in-situ projection

Production work requires a high level of awareness and especially manual assembly work is prone to human errors. At the same time the demand for manual assembly grows. Assistive systems in production environments (ASiPE) have to be augmented to improve the overall performance and reduce skill requirements. In this study the prototype of an augmented ASiPE is applied in an experiment with impaired persons. It uses in-situ projection (i.e. the projection of work-relevant information directly into the working space, Figures 1, 8) to cognitively assist users in assembly and to improve their inclusion in regular work processes. The aim is to observe their behavior with this new form of human computer interaction and to empirically quantify the effects on performance both in time and quality. The results show that the augmentation has a catalytic effect: The test subjects assembling slowly could not cope with the augmented ASiPE and performed worse than their counterparts without augmentation. The test subjects who worked faster than average assembled the product significantly better, both with respect to time (14.5% reduction) and especially to quality (45.8% error reduction). The ability to access the potential of augmented workplaces seems to be related to a worker' cognitive potential which is not adequately mapped by the competence ratios sheltered work organizations currently use.
TaxonTree: Visualizing Biodiversity Information

Abstract : Biodiversity databases have recently become widely available to the public and to other researchers. To retrieve information from these resources, users must understand the underlying data schemas. Many other domains share this problem. We developed an interface, TaxonTree, to visualize the taxonomic hierarchy of animal names. We applied integrated searching and browsing so that users need not have complete knowledge either of appropriate keywords or the organization of the data. Our qualitative user study of TaxonTree in an undergraduate course is the first to describe usage patterns and issues in the biodiversity domain. Users indicated that the system was usable and tree visualization aided their understanding of the data. Interestingly, users with different levels of interest in the domain had different interaction preferences. The study provides further evidence for the value of integrated searching and browsing and interactive tree visualization for information retrieval and understanding.
Recovery for Virtualized Environments

Cloud infrastructures provide elastic computing resources to client organizations, enabling them to build online applications while avoiding the fixed costs associated to a complete IT infrastructure. However, such organizations are unlikely to fully trust the cloud for the most critical applications. Among other threats, soft errors are expected to increase with the shrinking geometries of transistors, and many errors are left for the software layers to correct and mask. This paper characterizes the behavior of a virtualized environment, using Xen with CentOS as the hypervisor, in presence of soft errors. One of the main threats arises from soft errors directly affecting the hypervisor, as these faults have the potential to disrupt several virtual machines at once. With this in mind, we develop a fault tolerant architecture for cloud applications, which relies on experimental data collected using fault injection to guide its design. This architecture recovers from bit-flip errors with the help of a watchdog timer, to securely reboot the hypervisor. Nevertheless, errors might still propagate outside the system, for example to a client in a client-server interaction. Despite this, our results suggest that our architecture and a few simple techniques, like timers on the client, can recover a very large fraction of errors in client-server applications with small hardware and performance overhead. Conversely, the fraction of errors requiring Byzantine fault-tolerant techniques is quite small, thus restricting those expensive approaches to highly critical applications.
The ACUSITT ultrasonic ablator: the first steerable needle with an integrated interventional tool

Steerability in percutaneous medical devices is highly desirable, enabling a needle or needle-like instrument to avoid sensitive structures (e.g. nerves or blood vessels), access obstructed anatomical targets, and compensate for the inevitable errors induced by registration accuracy thresholds and tissue deformation during insertion. Thus, mechanisms for needle steering have been of great interest in the engineering community in the past few years, and several have been proposed. While many interventional applications have been hypothesized for steerable needles (essentially anything deliverable via a regular needle), none have yet been demonstrated as far as the authors are aware. Instead, prior studies have focused on model validation, control, and accuracy assessment. In this paper, we present the first integrated steerable needle-interventional device. The ACUSITT integrates a multi-tube steerable Active Cannula (AC) with an Ultrasonic Interstitial Thermal Therapy ablator (USITT) to create a steerable percutaneous device that can deliver a spatially and temporally controllable (both mechanically and electronically) thermal dose profile. We present our initial experiments toward applying the ACUSITT to treat large liver tumors through a single entry point. This involves repositioning the ablator tip to several different locations, without withdrawing it from the liver capsule, under 3D Ultrasound image guidance. In our experiments, the ACUSITT was deployed to three positions, each 2cm apart in a conical pattern to demonstrate the feasibility of ablating large liver tumors 7cm in diameter without multiple parenchyma punctures.
Ultra-Sensitive Detection of the Pretreatment EGFR T790M Mutation in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with an EGFR-Activating Mutation Using Droplet Digital PCR

Purpose: The resistance to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) is a major concern in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. T790M mutation in EGFR accounts for nearly 50% of the acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs. Earlier studies suggested that T790M mutation was also detected in TKI-naïve NSCLCs in a small cohort. Here, we use an ultra-sensitive droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) technique to address the incidence and clinical significance of pretreatment T790M in a larger cohort. Experimental Design: ddPCR was established as follows: wild-type or T790M mutation-containing DNA fragments were cloned into plasmids. Candidate threshold was identified using wild-type plasmid, normal human genomic DNA, and human A549 cell line DNA, which expresses wild type. Surgically resected tumor tissues from 373 NSCLC patients with EGFR-activating mutations were then examined for the presence of T790M using ddPCR. Results: Our data revealed a linear performance for this ddPCR method (R2 = 0.998) with an analytical sensitivity of approximately 0.001%. The overall incidence of the pretreatment T790M mutation was 79.9% (298/373), and the frequency ranged from 0.009% to 26.9%. The T790M mutation was detected more frequently in patients with a larger tumor size (P = 0.019) and those with common EGFR-activating mutations (P = 0.022), as compared with the others. Conclusions: The ultra-sensitive ddPCR assay revealed that pretreatment T790M was found in the majority of NSCLC patients with EGFR-activating mutations. ddPCR should be utilized for detailed assessment of the impact of the low frequency pretreatment T790M mutation on treatment with EGFR-TKIs. Clin Cancer Res; 21(15); 3552–60. ©2015 AACR.
Ontological commitments in FunGramKB Criterios ontológicos en FunGramKB

Ontology engineering should be grounded on a protocol of well-founded guidelines concerning the structuring of the ontology as well as the elements to be included and their ontological properties. A sound methodology for ontology development involves a dramatic reduction of many common errors and inconsistencies in conceptual modelling, facilitating thus interoperatibility and knowledge sharing—particularly useful when a multipurpose resource is designed. In the natural language processing context, this paper describes the ontological
A CMOS Transmitter Front-End for Mobile UHF RFID Reader

This paper describes a 900MHz CMOS transmitter front-end for mobile UHF RFID reader including an I/Q up-mixer for frequency translation from IF to RF and a driver amplifier for signal pre-amplification. The proposed up-mixer can realize all the three modulation schemes specified in EPC Global C1G2 protocol. The driver amplifier can offer a seven-class adjustable conversion gain through a 3-bit gate bias control. Fabricated in IBM 0. 18µm CMOS process, the transmitter front-end consumes a minimum current of 14mA from a 1. 8V power supply. The experimental results show that the up-mixer achieves -4. 9dBVrms IIP3, 3. 18dB conversion gain and 13.20dB NF, and the DA features 13. 5dBm OIP3 at 50O, 7. 90-16. 30dB conversion gain variation and 3.10-5.00dB NF range.
Preparing School Administrators for the Twenty-First Century: The Reform Agenda

School administration is currently facing vociferous demands for change and improvement. The profession is responding by engaging in the most comprehensive analysis and overhaul of its basic operating structure since the behavioral science revolution of the 1950s and 1960s. 2 A number of factors suggest that this current era of pointed criticism and political turbulence may lead to fundamental changes in the preparation of school administrators and in the organization and management of schools. As late as 1985, Peterson and Finn reported:
Current Estimates for HIV-1 Production Imply Rapid Viral Clearance in Lymphoid Tissues

It has recently been estimated that a single HIV-1 infected cell produces between and more than viral particles over its life span. Since body-wide estimates of the ratio of free virus to productively infected cells are smaller than and much smaller than , individual virions must be cleared rapidly. This seems difficult to reconcile with the fact that most of the total body virus is trapped on follicular dendritic cells where it can survive for many months. It has also been difficult to reconcile the vast difference in the rates at which the virus is cleared from the blood in rhesus macaques and in chronically infected patients. Here we attempt to reconcile these seemingly contradictory observations by considering the virion clearance rate in various organs and the virion exchange rates between them. The main results are that the per capita clearance rate of free virus in lymphoid tissue should be fast, the virion exchange rate between lymphoid tissue and the blood should be slow, and the comparatively slow previous estimates for the virion clearance rate from the blood correspond to the rate of virion efflux from the blood to other organs where the virus is ultimately cleared.
Quality Comparison and Evaluation of Digital Hydraulic Control Systems

Software Quality is a term, which is commonly used in the wide Computer World. However, saying that the main goal for the developers and stakeholders is to achieve the software which is of high quality is too general. Measuring software quality is very complex, because it consists of evaluating software products, processes and resources, each of which is composite as well. The desired quality should be measured by considering diverse aspects of quality, which eventually will assemble to a complete picture of the quality developed. In our research we have concentrated on the software product evaluation, based on two developed systems. The product attributes such as size and complexity were first measured and calculated, to be able to compare the examined systems based on the obtained data.
Almost free splitters

Let R be a subring of the rationals. We want to investigate self splitting R-modules G that is Ext_R(G,G)=0 holds. For simplicity we will call such modules splitters. Our investigation continues math.LO/9910159. In math.LO/9910159, we answered an open problem by constructing a large class of splitters. Classical splitters are free modules and torsion-free, algebraically compact ones. In math.LO/9910159 we concentrated on splitters which are larger then the continuum and such that countable submodules are not necessarily free. The `opposite' case of aleph_1-free splitters of cardinality less or equal to aleph_1 was singled out because of basically different techniques. This is the target of the present paper. If the splitter is countable, then it must be free over some subring of the rationals by a result of Hausen. We can show that all aleph_1-free splitters of cardinality aleph_1 are free indeed.
Piezoresistive Strain Sensors Made from Carbon Nanotubes Based Polymer Nanocomposites

In recent years, nanocomposites based on various nano-scale carbon fillers, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), are increasingly being thought of as a realistic alternative to conventional smart materials, largely due to their superior electrical properties. Great interest has been generated in building highly sensitive strain sensors with these new nanocomposites. This article reviews the recent significant developments in the field of highly sensitive strain sensors made from CNT/polymer nanocomposites. We focus on the following two topics: electrical conductivity and piezoresistivity of CNT/polymer nanocomposites, and the relationship between them by considering the internal conductive network formed by CNTs, tunneling effect, aspect ratio and piezoresistivity of CNTs themselves, etc. Many recent experimental, theoretical and numerical studies in this field are described in detail to uncover the working mechanisms of this new type of strain sensors and to demonstrate some possible key factors for improving the sensor sensitivity.
Improved adaptive dynamic surface control for a class of strict-feedback nonlinear systems

Based on radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs), adaptive dynamic surface control (DSC) is investigated for a class of uncertain strict-feedback nonlinear systems in this paper. By introducing first-order filter and combining DSC with backstepping, the operation of differentiation is replaced by simpler algebraic operation. Furthermore, the explosion of complexity in traditional backstepping design is avoided. It is proved that the proposed design method is able to guarantee semi-global uniform ultimate boundedness of all signals in the closed-loop system, with arbitrary small tracking error by appropriately choosing design constants.
Which Sustainable Software Practices Do Scientists Find Most Useful?

We studied scientists who attended two-day workshops on basic software skills to determine which tools and practices they found most useful. Our pre- and post-workshop surveys showed increases in self-reported familiarity, while our interviews showed that participants found learning Python more useful than learning the Unix shell, that they found pointers to further resources very valuable, and that background material---the "why" behind the skills---was also very valuable.
Protein N‐glycosylation in Archaea: defining Haloferax volcanii genes involved in S‐layer glycoprotein glycosylation

In this study, characterization of the N‐glycosylation process in the haloarchaea Haloferax volcanii was undertaken. Initially, putative Hfx. volcanii homologues of genes involved in eukaryal or bacterial N‐glycosylation were identified by bioinformatics. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) confirmed that the proposed N‐glycosylation genes are transcribed, indicative of true proteins being encoded. Where families of related gene sequences were detected, differential transcription of family members under a variety of physiological and environmental conditions was shown. Gene deletions point to certain genes, like alg11, as being essential yet revealed that others, such as the two versions of alg5, are not. Deletion of alg5‐A did, however, lead to slower growth and interfered with surface (S)‐layer glycoprotein glycosylation, as detected by modified migration on SDS‐PAGE and glycostaining approaches. As deletion of stt3, the only component of the oligosaccharide transferase complex detected in Archaea, did not affect cell viability, it appears that N‐glycosylation is not essential in Hfx. volcanii. Deletion of stt3 did, nonetheless, hinder both cell growth and S‐layer glycoprotein glycosylation. Thus, with genes putatively involved in Hfx. volcanii protein glycosylation identified and the ability to address the roles played by the encoded polypeptides in modifying a reporter glycoprotein, the steps of the archaeal N‐glycosylation pathway can be defined.
Creeping and Drifting Correction of SensorUsing Adaptive Method

This paper presents a method of dynamic compensation of creeping and drifting error of load cell response using Adaptive technique. The case is illustrated by showing how the response of a load cell can be improved. The load cell is a sensor, whose output gives an damped oscillatory response due to creeping and drifting error, in which the measured values contribute to the response parameter. So, a compensation technique is used to track the variation of the measured values to facilitate the investigation using response compensation. The first step is to make a mathematical model of a load cell response with creeping and drifting secondly, the output is digitized by a proper sampler and suitable A/D converter. After verifying the simulated output, a model of an adaptive technique to minimize the oscillation in the output due to creeping and drifting will be made and the corrected digital data again converted to analog form by proper D/A converter for using in real system. The whole system constitutes a dynamic sensor for achieving creep and drift compensation response.
The ROSAT Deep Cluster Survey: The X-Ray Luminosity Function out to z = 0.8

We present the X-ray luminosity function (XLF) of the ROSAT Deep Cluster Survey sample over the redshift range 0.05-0.8. Our results are derived from a complete flux-limited subsample of 70 galaxy clusters, representing the brightest half of the total sample, which have been spectroscopically identified down to the flux limit of 4×10−14 ergs m-2 s-1 (0.5-2.0 keV) and have been selected via a serendipitous search in ROSAT PSPC pointed observations. The redshift baseline is large enough that evolutionary effects can be studied within the sample. The local XLF (z≤0.25) is found to be in excellent agreement with previous determinations using ROSAT All-Sky Survey data. The XLF at higher redshifts, when combined with the deepest number counts constructed to date (f>2×10−14 ergs cm−2 s−1), reveals no significant evolution at least out to z=0.8, over a luminosity range of 2 × 1042 to 3 × 1044 ergs s−1 in the 0.5-2 keV band. These findings extend the study of cluster evolution to the highest redshifts and the faintest fluxes probed so far in X-ray surveys. They complement and do not necessarily conflict with those of the Einstein Extended Medium-Sensitivity Survey, leaving open the possibility of negative evolution of the brightest end of the XLF at high redshifts.