Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monitoring for temporal changes in soil salinity using electromagnetic induction techniques

struments have received the most attention for field- scale agricultural applications, particularly the EM-38. Electromagnetic induction surveys are often used in practice to In 1992, Diaz and Herrero discussed the monitoring estimate field-scale soil salinity patterns, and to infer changing salinity of soil salinity conditions with time in two fields using conditions with time. We developed a statistical monitoring strategy EM-38 survey data. In their study, both EM-38 and that uses electromagnetic induction data and repetitive soil sampling sample soil salinity data were collected at multiple to measure changing soil salinity conditions. This monitoring approach requires (i) the estimation of a conditional regression model that is points in time within each field. The focus of the study capable of predicting soil salinity from electromagnetic (EM) survey was to examine various ways that one might use the data, and (ii) the acquisition of new soil samples at two or more multistage EM-38 survey data to monitor and predict previously established survey sites, so that formal tests can be made the time-dependent changes occurring in the field-scale on the differences between the predicted and observed salinity levels. soil salinity conditions. Their data sets are rather unique We examined two test statistics in detail: a test for detecting dynamic in that they represent one of the few published data spatial variation in the new salinity pattern and a test for detecting sets where both EM-38 and soil salinity data have been a change in the field median salinity level with time. We applied this acquired at multiple points in time from within the monitoring and testing strategy to two EM survey-soil salinity data same fields. sets collected at multiple points in time from the saline irrigation A comprehensive statistical methodology for the pre- district of Flumen, Spain. Our results demonstrate that this monitoring diction of soil salinity using EM signal data was sug- approach was successfully able to quantify the temporal changes in gested by Lesch et al. (1995a,b). This prediction ap- the soil salinity patterns occurring within these two fields. proach was based on the development of field-specific multiple linear regression models that could be used to predict soil salinity levels from EM-38 survey data.
Risk Perception, Behavior, and Consumer Response to Genetically Modified Organisms

Public debate about the acceptability of genetically modified organisms in the production of food and feed has included controversy about risks of harming human health and/or the natural environment. Consumer and public response to the risks can be volatile, as manifested in some of the extreme protest actions in Europe. These reactions are due, in part, to strong judgments formed from memorable events. Such judgments are common when individuals do not have a good understanding of risks. Economic and psychological theories of decision making provide understanding of how these judgments are formed, how they might evolve, and what can be done to influence them. Public dialogue and action must account for cognitive difficulties assessing risks to stimulate public evaluation that gives full consideration to the benefits and cost of genetically modified organisms.
Academic and Professional Dishonesty: Student Views of Cheating in the Classroom and on the Job

Early studies of academic dishonesty discovered that a large percentage of college students admitted they cheated. Since then, additional studies found even higher numbers of students who report that they cheat, and those students indicate that stress related to getting good grades is a driving factor. In recent years, several incidents have involved journalists caught cheating. Are student views of academic and professional dishonesty connected? This study looks at how journalism and mass communication students view both academic and professional dishonesty.
DeepMob

The frequency and intensity of natural disasters has increased significantly in recent decades, and this trend is expected to continue. Hence, understanding and predicting human evacuation behavior and mobility will play a vital role in planning effective humanitarian relief, disaster management, and long-term societal reconstruction. However, existing models are shallow models, and it is difficult to apply them for understanding the “deep knowledge” of human mobility. Therefore, in this study, we collect big and heterogeneous data (e.g., GPS records of 1.6 million users over 3 years, data on earthquakes that have occurred in Japan over 4 years, news report data, and transportation network data), and we build an intelligent system, namely, DeepMob, for understanding and predicting human evacuation behavior and mobility following different types of natural disasters. The key component of DeepMob is based on a deep learning architecture that aims to understand the basic laws that govern human behavior and mobility following natural disasters, from big and heterogeneous data. Furthermore, based on the deep learning model, DeepMob can accurately predict or simulate a person’s future evacuation behaviors or evacuation routes under different disaster conditions. Experimental results and validations demonstrate the efficiency and superior performance of our system, and suggest that human mobility following disasters may be predicted and simulated more easily than previously thought.
A holistic approach to preparing disadvantaged students to succeed in tertiary science studies. Part II. Outcomes of the Science Foundation Programme

The Science Foundation Programme (SFP) is a year‐long pre‐degree programme designed to identify academically talented but underprepared black students who wish to pursue tertiary studies in science or applied science, and help them develop their potential in order to achieve this aim. In the model of the foundation programme adopted, we attempted to identify underlying skills, attitudes and resources that would help students succeed in their studies, and then tried to help the students acquire these in as efficient and lasting a way as possible. Thus the focus of the resulting curriculum is on issues such as cognitive skills, practical skills, effective study attitudes and strategies, peer learning, articulation and communication of understandings, positive coping skills, self‐reliance, confidence‐building and awareness of how each individual student learns best. The specific content was chosen primarily in order to provide a vehicle for the development of useful scientific skills, rather than for its own.
Defining the neurocircuitry of exercise hyperpnoea

One hundred years ago in this journal, Krogh and Lindhard published a seminal paper highlighting the importance of the brain in the control of breathing during exercise. This symposium report reviews the historical developments that have taken place since 1913, and attempts to place the detailed neurocircuitry thought to underpin exercise hyperpnoea into context by focusing on key structures that might form the command network. With the advent of enhanced neuroimaging and functional neurosurgical techniques, a unique window of opportunity has recently arisen to target potential circuits in humans. Animal studies have identified a priori sites of interest in mid‐brain structures, in particular the subthalamic locomotor region (subthalamic nucleus, STN) and the periaqueductal grey (PAG), which have now been recorded from in humans during exercise. When all data are viewed in an integrative manner, the PAG, in particular the lateral PAG, and aspects of the dorsal lateral PAG, appear to be key communicating circuitry for ‘central command’. Moreover, the PAG also fulfils many requirements of a command centre. It has functional connectivity to higher centres (dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex) and the basal ganglia (in particular, the STN), and receives a sensory input from contracting muscle, but, importantly, it sends efferent information to brainstem nuclei involved in cardiorespiratory control.
Why Do Parents Become Involved in Their Children’s Education?

This article reviews psychological theory and research critical to understanding why parents become involved in their children’s elementary and secondary education. Three major constructs are believed to be central to parents’ basic involvement decisions. First, parents’ role construction defines parents’ beliefs about what they are supposed to do in their children’s education and appears to establish the basic range of activities that parents construe as important, necessary, and permissible for their own actions with and on behalf of children. Second, parents’ sense of efficacy for helping their children succeed in school focuses on the extent to which parents believe that through their involvement they can exert positive influence on their children’s educational outcomes. Third, general invitations, demands, and opportunities for involvement refer to parents’ perceptions that the child and school want them to be involved. Hypotheses concerning the functioning of the three constructs in an additive model are suggested, as are implications for research and practice. Overall, the review suggests that even well-designed school programs inviting involvement will meet with only limited success if they do not address issues of parental role construction and parental sense of efficacy for helping children succeed in school.
Violent Sex Offenders Lack Male Social Support

Social networks and social support generally exert an important impact on the management of crisis and may thus influence prevention and rehabilitation strategies. The authors therefore investigated the social network and support in a group of 62 incarcerated sexual offenders. Irrespective of the underlying diagnosis, offenders were divided into a high-violent group and a low-violent group. A factor analysis resulted in five factors describing specific dimensions of social support. A significantly lower perceived social support was found in the high-violent group as compared with the low-violent offenders concerning the factors “talking about problems and feelings to someone” and “rely on someone. ” This low support exclusively referred to men outside the family. Neither the number of previous convictions nor length of prior imprisonment predicted the amount of displayed violence. The authors’ results are compared with those in the pertinent literature and are discussed in light of relevant therapeutic strategies in prevention and rehabilitation.
An Alternative Economic Vision for Healthy Work: Conducive Economy

A model of production and exchange is proposed as an alternative to both market-oriented policy and social welfare policy. New patterns of social coordination at work form the basis for a new form of production output value: conducive value. This value is developed in both workers and consumers, activates skills and capabilities, and transforms customers from passive recipients to active users. It broadens the definition of economically valid social activity and it will help to resolve the unemployment dilemma arising with globalization. The article observes that the flexibility demanded by neoliberal, market-oriented policy is antithetical to the flexibility of creative production, which builds on horizontal interaction at work and in exchange, thereby facilitating the creation of social relationships and social capital. In that, it constructs bridges between the new policy and models of social policy which form its platform and enhances the chances for effective democracy in society.
H-Reflex Recovery Curves Differentiate Essential Tremor, Parkinson’s Disease, and the Combination of Essential Tremor and Parkinson’s Disease

Summary The purpose of this study was to examine H-reflex parameters among the pathophysiologic conditions of essential tremor (ET), Parkinson’s disease (PD), combined essential tremor with Parkinson’s disease (ETPD), and a control group. H-reflex latencies, amplitude of maximum H-reflex to maximum M-response ratio (H:M), vibration H-reflex to control H-reflex (Hv:Hc), and H-reflex recovery curves (HRRCs) were recorded and compared between a control group and patient groups with ET, early-stage PD, and with ETPD. No statistically or clinically significant differences were found between the patient groups and the control group for latency, H:M ratio, or Hv:Hc ratio. Significantly greater ratio values were observed for the PD group over the other groups for the HRRC tests at each interstimulus interval between 200 and 300 msec (p < 0.05), but values were not different between PD and ETPD patients for intervals between 350 and 1,000 msec. Patients with ET, PD, and ETPD apparently have different underlying pathologies. HRRC tests do not distinguish ET patients from normal, but differentiates specifically between PD and ETPD, and normal individuals. HRRC testing may be a useful method for evaluating pathologies between ET, PD, and ETPD patients.
An update on the safety and interactions of antifungal drugs in stem cell transplant recipients

ABSTRACT Introduction: Invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Improvement in the management of IFDs have been achieved with the availability of new effective and safe antifungal drugs, however, many of these newer treatments have some limitations in their variable toxicity and unique predisposition for pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions. Areas covered: This article is an update of a previous review published in this journal evaluating the safety profile of the antifungal drugs. Interesting new features include the availability of the new drug isavuconazole and the new tablet and intravenous formulations of posaconazole. Different dosages and new ways of administration of liposomal Amphotericin B (L-AmB) and echinocandins may be considered in the HSCT practice. Expert opinion: Nephrotoxicity continues to be a clinically relevant and frequent side effect of L-AmB which may cause a reduced clearance of other renally eliminated drugs frequently used in HSCT patients. Echinocandins are favorable therapeutic options in view of their low toxicity and uncommon drug-drug interactions. Important limitations of triazoles are represented by hepatic toxicity and certain side effects particularly after prolonged treatments. The new triazole isavuconazole and the new tablet formulation of posaconazole will be probably increasingly used in the HSCT setting not only due to their efficacy but in particular for their interesting toxicity profile and pharmacokinetic characteristics. The knowledge of these pharmacological findings is crucial in the daily care of allogeneic HSCT patients.
Wrongdoing and Forgiveness

To forgive a person for a wrong he has done has often been valued as morally good and as indicative of a benevolent and merciful character. But while forgiveness has been recognized as valuable its nature as a moral response has largely been ignored by modern moral philosophers who work outside the confines of a religious context.1 Where it has been discussed, forgiveness has been thought particularly difficult to define, and some have thought the forgiving response paradoxical or even impossible. I shall discuss some of these difficulties and suggest firstly that the value of forgiveness lies in the fact that it essentially requires a recognition of the wrongdoer's responsibility for his action, and secondly that forgiveness typically involves an effort on the part of the one wronged: a conscious attempt to improve oneself in relation to the wrongdoer.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is based on the hypothesis that the sentinel lymph node (SLN) reflects the lymph-node status and a negative SLN might allow complete axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) to be avoided. Although the survival outcome is still unknown, this technique has already become a standard of care for breast cancer patients. However, it is still important to discuss current techniques and some controversies. This article reviews these issues for a variety of SLNB techniques. Breast Cancer 14:354-36 I, 2007.
Experiments with a hierarchical inverse dynamics controller on a torque-controlled humanoid

Recently several hierarchical inverse dynamics controllers based on quadratic programs have been proposed for application to torque controlled robots. They have important theoretical benefits but have never been implemented on a torque controlled robot where model inaccuracies and realtime computation requirements can be problematic. In this contribution we present experimental results for the control of the lower body of a humanoid robot using these algorithms. We propose a simplification of the optimization problem that allows us to decrease computation time enough to implement it in a fast torque control loop. Experiments demonstrate the applicability of the approach. In a first experiment, we implement a momentum-based balance controller which shows robust performance in face of unknown disturbances. In a second experiment, a tracking task is evaluated to demonstrate the performance of the controller with more complicated hierarchies. Our results show that hierarchical inverse dynamics controllers can be efficiently used for feedback control of humanoid robots and that momentum-based balance control can be efficiently implemented on a real robot.
Mitigating Redundant Data Transfers for Mobile Web Applications via App-Specific Cache Space

Redundant transfer of resources is a critical issue for compromising the performance of mobile Web applications (a.k.a., apps) in terms of data traffic, load time, and even energy consumption. Evidence shows that the current cache mechanisms are far from satisfactory. With lessons learned from how native apps manage their resources, in this paper, we propose the ReWAP approach to fundamentally reducing redundant transfers by restructuring the resource loading of mobile Web apps. ReWAP is based on an efficient mechanism of resource packaging where stable resources are encapsulated and maintained into a package, and such a package shall be loaded always from the local storage and updated by explicitly refreshing. By retrieving and analyzing the update of resources, ReWAP maintains resource packages that can accurately identify which resources can be loaded from the local storage for a considerably long period. ReWAP also provides a wrapper for mobile Web apps to enable loading and updating resource packages in the local storage as well as loading resources from resource packages. ReWAP can be easily and seamlessly deployed into existing mobile Web architectures with minimal modifications, and is transparent to end-users. We evaluate ReWAP based on continuous 15-day access traces of 50 mobile Web apps that suffer heavily from the problem of redundant transfers. Compared to the original mobile Web apps with cache enabled, ReWAP can significantly reduce the data traffic, with the median saving up to 51%. In addition, ReWAP can incur only very minor runtime overhead of the client-side browsers.
Serial photonic digital-to-analog converter based on time and wavelength interleaving processing

A serial photonic digital-to-analog converter (PDAC) is proposed based on optical time and wavelength interleaving processing. In the proposed system, an intensity weighted, time and wavelength interleaved optical pulse train is generated by optical phase modulation and fiber dispersion. The obtained optical pulses are on-off keying modulated by the input serial digital bit stream. After dispersion compensation, an optical signal with the power proportional to the weighted sum of the input bits stream is obtained, and digital-to-analog conversion is implemented. Compared with the previous PDACs, the system complexity and cost are reduced. The system stability is also enhanced thanks to the compact configuration. A 4-bit 10GSa/s PDAC is experimentally demonstrated. The results can verify the feasibility of the proposed PDAC, which has the potential to realize high speed and high resolution digital-to-analog conversions in further communication and radar systems.
Urban Governance and the Transition of Energy Systems: Institutional Change and Shifting Energy and Climate Policies in Berlin

Energy systems in Germany and in all western OECD countries are currently undergoing transformations that have profound implications for their urban and regional governance, as well as for regional development in general. New technologies, regulatory regimes, management styles, marketing strategies and environmental priorities have emerged, dramatically reconfiguring patterns of governance within cities and regions. This is particularly obvious in the city region of Berlin, where utility restructuring coincides with a dramatic fiscal crisis in the city. The privatization of the energy utilities and of many public services, the opening of the regional energy markets, public and private climate protection initiatives and the emergence of new market participants are radically changing the conditions of regional governance and energy planning. However, although substantial recasting of policy issues and traditional forms of governance in the energy sector is underway in Berlin, energy management is confronted with severe institutional problems of interpolicy coordination and regional cooperation, entrepreneurial governance and contract management. Thus, this article argues in favour of new policy approaches and institutional reforms to shape the development of energy networks according to local and regional sustainability needs. Copyright (c) 2007 The Author. Journal Compilation (c) 2007 Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
From Crèches to Childcare: Constructions of Motherhood and Inclusion/Exclusion in the History of Belgian Infant Care

In this article the author highlights some elements of the history of exclusion in Belgian infant care and how it is underpinned by constructions of motherhood. In a Belgian context, infant care means institutional care for children from birth to the age of three, funded by the Family and Health Department, in contrast to and entirely separated from pre-school for children aged three to six years, funded by the Education Department (Organisation for Economic Cooperatin and Development [OECD], 2001). The author does this from a hermeneutical historical point of view. As Escolano (1996) has claimed, this means that by means of the evaluation of the internal coherence of the stories (the organisation of data and discourse) and their external coherence with the social context and with other concordant or discordant stories, the author tries try to understand ideas and representations that may help explain the growing exclusion in Belgian infant care.
The Rule of Rumor Dissemination on tweets : How to Distinguish Rumors and News

The purpose of this study is to find the difference of the information diffusion between the news and rumors in the social media network. We use the tweets from South American, and analyze the social medial network and the information propagation property based on the false rumors and real confirmed news. Our result shows that the social media network of the false rumor has some unique features. Besides, we also provide the sentiment analysis of the tweets, and our sentiment analysis results suggest that rumors are more easily questioned than the real news in the social media network.