Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modification of the nuclear landscape in the inverse problem framework using the generalized Bethe–Weizsäcker mass formula

We formalized the nuclear mass problem in the inverse problem framework. This approach allows us to infer the underlying model parameters from experimental observation, rather than to predict the observations from the model parameters. The inverse problem was formulated for the numerically generalized semi-empirical mass formula of Bethe and von Weizsacker. It was solved in a step-by-step way based on the AME2012 nuclear database. The established parametrization describes the measured nuclear masses of 2564 isotopes with a maximum deviation less than 2.6MeV, starting from the number of protons and number of neutrons equal to 1. The explicit form of unknown functions in the generalized mass formula was discovered in a step-by-step way using the modified least χ2 procedure, that realized in the algorithms which were developed by Lubomir Aleksandrov to solve the nonlinear systems of equations via the Gauss–Newton method, lets us to choose the better one between two functions with same χ2. In the obtained gen.
The nature of G52.381-0.849 and G56.240-0.345: young stellar objects associated with extended mid-infrared emission?

We report the results of visual spectroscopy, mid-infrared (MIR) mapping and photometry, and near-infrared photometry of two candidate symbiotic stars (IPHAS J193108.67+164950.5 and IPHAS J193709.65+202655.7) associated with extended MIR emission. Our analysis of the continua of these sources shows that they are likely to represent Class I-II young stellar objects (YSOs) in which most of the IR emission arises from circumstellar discs, and for which the physical characteristics (stellar temperatures, radii, masses and luminosities) are similar. The extended emission is characterized by a substantial increase in fluxes and dimensions to longer MIR wavelengths. This is likely to arise as a result of emission by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons within extended photodissociation regimes, centred upon more compact ionized regions responsible for much of the shorter wave emission. Such dual emission structures are characteristic of those observed in many compact H II regions. Finally, we note that the clouds have asymmetrical structures and wind-swept morphologies, conceivably indicative of shock interaction with external winds. Where this is the case, then it is possible that the YSOs are located in regions of triggered star formation.
Deformed Supersymmetric Gauge Theories from the Fluxtrap Background

The fluxtrap background of string theory provides a transparent and algorithmic way of constructing supersymmetric gauge theories with both mass and Ω-type deformations in various dimensions. In this paper, we review a number of deformed supersymmetric gauge theories in two and four dimensions which can be obtained via the fluxtrap background from string or M-theory. Such theories, the most well-known being Ω-deformed super-Yang–Mills theory in four dimensions, have met with a lot of interest in the recent literature. The string theory treatment offers many new avenues of analysis and applications, such as for example the study of the gravity duals for deformed gauge theories.
Age and metallicity of the bulges in lenticular galaxies

Abstract Panoramic spectroscopy of the sample of 80 nearby lenticular galaxies is presented. The SSP-equivalent ages, [Z/H], and [Mg/Fe] are determined through the Lick indices Hβ, Mgb, and 〈Fe〉 separately for the nuclei and for the bulges. About a half of the sample contain chemically distinct nuclei, more metal-rich and younger than the bulges. The statistics of stellar population properties for the nearby S0s is discussed.
A transition scheme from diffusive to discrete crack topologies at finite strain during the course of a staggered iterative procedure

This study presents a novel transition scheme that can trace an actual crack path as closely as possible and stably update its explicit crack tip even in a large deformation regime. The crack initiation and propagation processes are determined from an energy minimization problem with respect to the displacement field and crack phase‐field, and the predicted path represented by a diffuse crack topology is replaced by a discrete path by applying the finite cover method. By developing a technique for determining explicit crack tips, the crack topology is updated from diffusive to discrete intermittently during the course of the staggered iterative procedure. Therefore, even a curved crack path that evolves significantly within a single time increment can be explicitly captured. Additionally, to stably update an explicit crack tip within the finite strain framework, we introduce a stabilization technique. Specifically, pseudo‐stiffness is applied to severely damaged elements around the discrete crack path to prevent excessively large deformations, and the corrector of the displacement increment in the global Newton–Raphson iterative procedure is intentionally diminished so that the discrete crack opens in a gradual and stable manner. After describing the individual techniques devised in the proposed scheme for achieving these features based on their algorithmic aspects, we present several representative numerical examples to demonstrate the performance and capability of the developed approach.
The Rise of China’s Zhao Lijian Diplomacy: A Time Series Analysis

China’s wolf warrior diplomacy has attracted extensive attention since 2020. One of the most prominent “wolf warriors” is Zhao Lijian, China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson. Based on weekly Google Trends datasets between August 21, 2016 and August 8, 2021, this study provides a quantitative description of the development of Zhao Lijian diplomacy. Employing Granger causality tests and autoregressive distributed lag models, this study finds that Zhao Lijian diplomacy is part of China’s wolf warrior diplomacy. Most importantly, COVID-19 may be the only factor that has driven the rise of Zhao Lijian diplomacy. This study contributes to academia by presenting a new quantitative approach to international relations studies and contributes to our understanding of China’s foreign policy.
DISPERSAL OF G-BAND BRIGHT POINTS AT DIFFERENT LONGITUDINAL MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTHS

G-band bright points (GBPs) are thought to be the foot-points of magnetic flux tubes. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relation between the diffusion regimes of GBPs and the associated longitudinal magnetic field strengths. Two high resolution observations of different magnetized environments were acquired with the Hinode/Solar Optical Telescope. Each observation was recorded simultaneously with G-band filtergrams and Narrow-band Filter Imager (NFI) Stokes I and V images. GBPs are identified and tracked automatically, and then categorized into several groups by their longitudinal magnetic field strengths, which are extracted from the calibrated NFI magnetograms using a point-by-point method. The Lagrangian approach and the distribution of diffusion indices approach are adopted separately to explore the diffusion regime of GBPs for each group. It is found that the values of diffusion index and diffusion coefficient both decrease exponentially with the increasing longitudinal magnetic field strengths whichever approach is used. The empirical formulas deduced from the fitting equations are proposed to describe these relations. Stronger elements tend to diffuse more slowly than weak elements, independently of the magnetic flux of the surrounding medium. This may be because the magnetic energy of stronger elements is not negligible compared with the kinetic energy of the gas, and therefore the flows cannot perturb them so easily.
EFFECT OF CROSS-REDISTRIBUTION ON THE RESONANCE SCATTERING POLARIZATION OF O i LINE AT 1302 Å

Oxygen is the most abundant element on the Sun after hydrogen and helium. The intensity spectrum of resonance lines of neutral oxygen, namely, O i (1302, 1305, and 1306 Å), has been studied in the literature for chromospheric diagnostics. In this paper, we study the resonance scattering polarization in the O i line at 1302 Å using two-dimensional (2D) radiative transfer in a composite atmosphere constructed using a 2D magneto-hydrodynamical snapshot in the photosphere and columns of the one-dimensional FALC atmosphere in the chromosphere. The methods developed by us recently in a series of papers to solve multi-dimensional polarized radiative transfer have been incorporated in our new code POLY2D, which we use for our analysis. We find that multi-dimensional radiative transfer including XRD effects is important in reproducing the amplitude and shape of scattering polarization signals of the O i line at 1302 Å.
Self-interaction effects on charge-transfer collisions

In this article, we investigate the role of the self-interaction error in the simulation of collisions using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and Ehrenfest dynamics. We compare many different approximations of the exchange and correlation potential, using as a test system the collision of $\mathrm{H^+ + CH_4}$ at $30~\mathrm{eV}$. We find that semi-local approximations, like PBE, and even hybrid functionals, like B3LYP, produce qualitatively incorrect predictions for the scattering of the proton. This discrepancy appears because the self-interaction error allows the electrons to jump too easily to the proton, leading to radically different forces with respect to the non-self-interacting case. From our results, we conclude that using a functional that is self-interaction free is essential to properly describe charge-transfer collisions between ions and molecules in TDDFT.
Measurements of elastic properties of langatate at liquid helium temperatures for design of ultra low loss mechanical systems

We present full characterisation of acoustic wave devices based on the fully synthetic crystalline material at the liquid helium temperature range required for the design of ultra low loss mechanical systems in many areas of research, including frequency control and fundamental measurements. Temperature coefficients of the effective elastic tensor of Langatate (LGT) in Lagrangian representation are determined for the temperature range of 3.8–15 K. The Lagrangian formalism is mandatory in the analysed situation since the expansion coefficients of the LGT are still unknown at these temperatures. The measurement method involves a set of high-quality resonators of various cut angles and uses measurements of frequency-temperature relations to extract the temperature coefficients of the elastic tensor. In addition, power sensitivity of LGT resonators at cryogenic temperatures is determined and dominant loss mechanism is identified.
INFALL REGIONS AND SCALING RELATIONS OF X-RAY SELECTED GROUPS

We use the Fifth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to study X-ray-selected galaxy groups and compare their properties to clusters. We search for infall patterns around the groups and use these to measure group mass profiles to large radii. In previous work, we analyzed infall patterns for an X-ray-selected sample of 72 clusters from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey. Here, we extend this approach to a sample of systems with smaller X-ray fluxes selected from the 400 deg2 serendipitous survey of clusters and groups in ROSAT pointed observations. We identify 16 groups with SDSS DR5 spectroscopy, search for infall patterns, and compute mass profiles out to 2–6 h−1 Mpc from the group centers with the caustic technique. No other mass estimation methods are currently available at such large radii for these low-mass groups, because the virial estimate requires dynamical equilibrium and the gravitational lensing signal is too weak. Despite the small masses of these groups, most display recognizable infall patterns. We use caustic and virial mass estimates to measure the scaling relations between different observables, extending these relations to smaller fluxes and luminosities than many previous surveys. Close inspection reveals that three of the groups are subclusters in the outskirts of larger clusters. A fourth group is apparently undergoing a group–group merger. These four merging groups represent the most extreme outliers in the scaling relations. Excluding these groups, we find LX ∝ σ3. 1 ± 1.6p, consistent with previous determinations for both clusters and groups. Understanding cluster and group scaling relations is crucial for measuring cosmological parameters from clusters. The complex environments of our group sample reinforce the idea that great care must be taken in determining the properties of low-mass clusters and groups.
Prospects of constraining the Higgs boson’s CP nature in the tau decay channel at the LHC

We investigate how precisely the CP nature of the 125 GeV Higgs boson h, parametrized by a scalar-pseudoscalar Higgs mixing angle ϕτ, can be determined in h→τ-τ+ decay with subsequent τ-lepton decays to charged prongs at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We combine two methods in order to define an observable φCP* which is sensitive to ϕτ: We use the ρ-decay plane method for τ∓→ρ∓ and the impact parameter method for all other major τ decays. For estimating the precision with which ϕτ can be measured at the LHC (13 TeV) we take into account the τ-τ+ background from Drell-Yan production and perform a Monte Carlo simulation of measurement uncertainties on the φCP* signal and background distributions. We obtain that the mixing angle ϕτ can be determined with an uncertainty of Δϕτ≃15° (9°) at the LHC with an integrated luminosity of 150 fb-1 (500 fb-1), and with Δϕτ≈4° with 3 ab-1. Future measurements of ϕτ yield direct information on whether or not there is an extended Higgs-boson sector with Higgs-sector CP violation. We analyze this in the context of a number of two-Higgs-doublet extensions of the Standard Model, namely the so-called aligned model and conventional two-Higgs-doublet extensions with tree-level neutral flavor conservation.
JSH-Net: joint semantic segmentation and height estimation using deep convolutional networks from single high-resolution remote sensing imagery

ABSTRACT Semantic segmentation for high-resolution remote sensing imagery is a pivotal component of land use and land cover categorization, and height estimation is essential for rebuilding the 3D information of an image. Because of the higher intra-class variation and smaller inter-class dissimilarity, these two challenging tasks are generally treated separately. This paper proposes a fully convolutional network that can tackle these problems simultaneously by estimating the land-cover categories and height values of pixels from a single aerial image. To handle these tasks, we develop a multi-task learning architecture (JSH-Net) that employs a shared feature representation and exploits their potential consistency across tasks, resulting in robust features and better prediction accuracy. Specifically, we propose a novel skip connection module that aggregates the contexts from the encoder part to the decoder part, bridging the semantic gap between them. In addition, we propose a progressive refinement strategy to recover detailed information about the objects. Moreover, we also proposed a height estimation branch on the head of the model to utilize shared features. The experiments we conducted on ISPRS 2D Labelling dataset verified that our network provided precise results of semantic segmentation and height estimation from two output branches and outperformed other state-of-the-art approaches.
Predicting the Robustness of Large Real-World Social Networks Using a Machine Learning Model

Computing the robustness of a network, i.e., the capacity of a network holding its main functionality when a proportion of its nodes/edges are damaged, is useful in many real applications. The Monte Carlo numerical simulation is the commonly used method to compute network robustness. However, it has a very high computational cost, especially for large networks. Here, we propose a methodology such that the robustness of large real-world social networks can be predicted using machine learning models, which are pretrained using existing datasets. We demonstrate this approach by simulating two effective node attack strategies, i.e., the recalculated degree (RD) and initial betweenness (IB) node attack strategies, and predicting network robustness by using two machine learning models, multiple linear regression (MLR) and the random forest (RF) algorithm. We use the classic network robustness metric R as a model response and 8 network structural indicators (NSI) as predictor variables and trained over a large dataset of 48 real-world social networks, whose maximum number of nodes is 265,000. We found that the RF model can predict network robustness with a mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.03 and is 30% better than the MLR model. Among the results, we found that the RD strategy has more efficacy than IB for attacking real-world social networks. Furthermore, MLR indicates that the most important factors to predict network robustness are the scale-free exponent α and the average node degree . On the contrary, the RF indicates that degree assortativity a, the global closeness, and the average node degree are the most important factors. This study shows that machine learning models can be a promising way to infer social network robustness.
Hard MeV–GeV spectra of blazars

Very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission from a distant source (z >~0.2) can be efficiently absorbed my means of the electron-positron pair creation process. Analyses of the unabsorbed spectra imply that the intrinsic TeV emission of some blazars is hard, with spectral indices 0.5 ~ 10^3, E=g m_e c^2). In other words, we assume a low energy cut-off in the particle energy distribution. The emission produced by the particles with this energy spectrum can explain hard intrinsic spectra in the energy range from MeV up to TeV. We demonstrate how to estimate the basic physical parameters of a source in this case and how to explain the observed spectra by a precise simulation of the particle energy evolution. To test our estimation methods, we use the observations of two blazars with exceptionally hard spectral indices (alpha <~ 0.5) in the MeV-GeV range and known redshifts: RGB J0710+591 and 1ES 0502+675. The estimated values of the Doppler factor and magnetic field are compared with our numerical simulations, which confirm that the particle energy distribution with a low energy cut--off can explain the observed hard spectra well. In addition, we demonstrate that the radiative cooling caused by the inverse-Compton emission in the Klein-Nishina regime may help us to explain the hard spectra.
Ab initio molecular dynamics calculations of threshold displacement energies in silicon carbide

Using first principles molecular dynamics simulations, we have determined the threshold displacement energies and the associated created defects in cubic silicon carbide. Contrary to previous studies using classical molecular dynamics, we found values close to the experimental consensus, and also created defects in good agreement with recent works on interstitials stability in silicon carbide. We carefully investigated the limits of this approach. Our work shows that it is possible to calculate displacement energies with first principles accuracy in silicon carbide, and suggests that it may be also the case for other covalent materials.
Exploring strange nucleon form factors on the lattice

We discuss techniques for evaluating sea quark contributions to hadronic form factors on the lattice and apply these to an exploratory calculation of the strange electromagnetic, axial, and scalar form factors of the nucleon. We employ the Wilson gauge and fermion actions on an anisotropic 24^3 x 64 lattice, probing a range of momentum transfer with Q^2 _0. We discuss the unique systematic uncertainties affecting the latter quantity relative to the continuum, as well as prospects for improving future determinations with Wilson-like fermions.
Proposal and Simulation of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator for the Coastal Zone of Benin

This paper presents the sizing of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) with a power of 690.747 kW for the coastal area of Benin. The sizing of the proposed DFIG starts from the power density of the offshore wind potential of Benin obtained at 80 m at the sea surface to determine the power of the generator. Thanks to the geometrical, electrical and magnetic parameters obtained after sizing, the simulation of the generator operation was done using the finite element analysis (FEA). This simulation is done by running the generator at nominal speed in supersynchronous mode. The results of this simulation show that the powers obtained are close to the expected theoretical values. The curves of the powers and those of the flux densities in the air gap of the generator are presented. Electromagnetic model results are then used to develop the thermal model of the generator. The results of the thermal analysis obtained after simulation by the FEA allowed us to know the temperature values in each region of the DFIG.
Characterizing stellar halo populations II: the age gradient in blue horizontal-branch stars

The distribution of Milky Way halo blue horizontal-branch (BHB) stars is examined using action-based extended distribution functions (EDFs) that describe the locations of stars in phase space, metallicity, and age. The parameters of the EDFs are fitted using stars observed in the Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration-II (SEGUE-II) survey that trace the phase-space kinematics and chemistry out to ~70 kpc. A maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) estimate method and a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method are applied, taking into account the selection function in positions, distance, and metallicity for the survey. The best-fit EDF declines with actions less steeply at actions characteristic of the inner halo than at the larger actions characteristic of the outer halo, and older ages are found at smaller actions than at larger actions. In real space, the radial density profile steepens smoothly from -2 at ~2 kpc to -4 in the outer halo, with an axis ratio ~0.7 throughout. There is no indication for rotation in the BHBs, although this is highly uncertain. A moderate level of radial anisotropy is detected, with $\beta_s$ varying from isotropic to between ~0.1 and ~0.3 in the outer halo depending on latitude. The BHB data are consistent with an age gradient of -0.03 Gyr kpc$^{-1}$, with some uncertainty in the distribution of the larger ages. These results are consistent with a scenario in which older, larger systems contribute to the inner halo, whilst the outer halo is primarily comprised of younger, smaller systems.
Formation of dense structures induced by filament collisions - Correlation of density, kinematics, and magnetic field in the Pipe nebula

P.F. is supported by the CONSOLIDER project CSD2009-00038, Spain. P.F. and J.M. G. are supported by the MINECO project AYA2011-30228-C03-02, Spain. G.A. P.F. is supported by the CNPq agency, Brazil. CRZ is supported by program CONACYT CB-2010 152160, Mexico.