Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A combined global and local search method to deal with constrained optimization for continuous tabu search

Heuristic methods, such as tabu search, are efficient for global optimizations. Most studies, however, have focused on constraint‐free optimizations. Penalty functions are commonly used to deal with constraints for global optimization algorithms in dealing with constraints. This is sometimes inefficient, especially for equality constraints, as it is difficult to keep the global search within the feasible region by purely adding a penalty to the objective function. A combined global and local search method is proposed in this paper to deal with constrained optimizations. It is demonstrated by combining continuous tabu search (CTS) and sequential quadratic programming (SQP) methods. First, a nested inner‐ and outer‐loop method is presented to lead the search within the feasible region. SQP, a typical local search method, is used to quickly solve a non‐linear programming purely for constraints in the inner loop and provides feasible neighbors for the outer loop. CTS, in the outer loop, is used to seek for the global optimal. Finally, another local search using SQP is conducted with the results of CTS as initials to refine the global search results. Efficiency is demonstrated by a number of benchmark problems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The space instrument SODISM, a telescope to measure the solar diameter

PICARD is a satellite dedicated to the simultaneous measurement of the solar diameter, the solar shape, the solar irradiance and the solar interior. These measurements obtained throughout the mission will allow study of their variations as a function of solar activity. The objectives of the PICARD mission are to improve our knowledge of the functioning of our star through new observations and the influence of the solar activity on the climate of the Earth. PICARD was launched on June 15, 2010 on a Dnepr-1 launcher. SODISM (SOlar Diameter Imager and Surface Mapper), an instrument of the PICARD payload, is a high resolution imaging telescope. It was built on an innovative technological concept. SODISM allows us to measure the solar diameter and shape with an accuracy of a few milliarcseconds, and to perform helioseismologic observations to probe the solar interior. SODISM provides continuous observations of the Sun since mid-July 2010. A brief comparison of measurements of solar diameter since the seventeenth century and solar diameter variability are described. In this article, we present the instrumental concept and design and we give an overview of the thermal stability of the telescope. First results from the SODISM experiment are briefly reported (housekeeping and image).
Entrepreneurial innovation among international students in the UAE: Differential role of entrepreneurial education using SEM analysis

This paper explores the impact of entrepreneurial education among international students studying higher education in the UAE. The authors examine the role of entrepreneurial education as an independent variable and as a moderating variable in the relationship between external factors (measured by the economy, institutions and society) and internal factors (measured by entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial capabilities and achievement) on entrepreneurial innovation. A survey approach was used in which predesigned questionnaires were distributed to the targeted respondents. We employed Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis to analyze the collected data. The result reveals that exposing international students to entrepreneurial education is crucial to their entrepreneurial innovation. We also found the external and internal environments to be crucial factors that predict entrepreneurial innovation among the sample surveyed. Further findings revealed that entrepreneurial education significantly moderates the relationship between the external environment and entrepreneurial innovation whereas the moderating effect of entrepreneurial education on the relationship between the internal environment and entrepreneurial innovation was found to be insignificant. The findings provide valuable insight for not just higher education institutions offering entrepreneurial education courses in the UAE. Nevertheless, for entrepreneurship stakeholders globally understanding how to enhance the significant role of entrepreneurial education on external and internal factors will ensure higher innovativeness among international students in the host country.
Time series analysis of the phase curve characteristics of the semiregular star RS Cygni

Abstract RS Cyg is studied by using 3986 observations from the AFOEV database. The second-order trigonometric fit to the mean light curve corresponds to the period P = 426.d64 ± 0.d03, which differs from the value 417d.39 listed in GCVS IV. Long-term variations of P in a range 420d–432d are detected. The maxima are often split with a mean separation of (0.314 ± 0.034)P. The application of various complementary fitting algorithms (using trigonometric polynomials, running parabolae and running sine approximations) are discussed with special attention to the criteria of determination of the free parameters based on the statistical properties of the smoothing function. Some methodological aspects of the time series analysis of the groups of data with a systematic difference between them are discussed.
Objective measures of listener envelopment

This paper reports the results of subjective studies to determine objective predictors of perceived listener envelopment in concert halls. Subjects, seated in an anechoic room, were exposed to simulated sound fields that were expected to have varied listener envelopment. As independent variables: the reverberation time, the early‐to‐late sound ratio, the overall sound level, and the angular distribution of the late‐arriving sound levels were varied. All of these factors had statistically significant effects on perceived listener envelopment. The results indicate, however, that the angular distribution of the late arriving sound and the overall level would have the largest effects in real concert halls. Thus listener envelopment depends on having strong lateral reflections arriving at the listener 80 ms or more after the direct sound. Several objective measures correlated significantly with listener envelopment. However, a new measure, the late lateral sound level, as measured using a figure‐of‐eight microphone, was found to be both conceptually simple and a very good predictor of the perceived listener envelopment of the sound fields in this experiment.
An N-Soliton Solution for the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation Coupled to the Boussinesq Equation

A system comprised of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation coupled to the Boussinesq equation is proposed. This system reduces to the nonlinear Schrodinger equation, the Zakharov equations, or the equations studied by Nishikawa et al . , (as well as Yajima and Satsuma), for an appropriate choice of parameters. It is found that an N-soliton solution exists for a particular choice of parameters.
Scattering at a rough boundary—Extensions of the Kirchhoff approximation

A Helmholtz integral formula gives the acoustic field reflected from a rough surface, in terms of the values of the acoustic field and of its normal derivative at all points on the surface. For surface reflection problems in which one, or the other, of these surface field values are specified, we can make use of this formula to derive a boundary surface integral equation on the unspecified field values. Further, a series solution of this equation can be constructed by iteration, the zeroth‐order term of the series being the result predicted by a Kirchhoff approximation. The nth‐order iterate of this series requires an n‐fold integration over the region of the rough surface, an integration that does not in general converge absolutely for unboundedly large surfaces. For a pressure release surface, we consider the first two iterates in detail and using stationary phase approximations replace the required integration by summations. In this way the source of the convergence difficulty is made clear and is demo.
Robust tensor-on-tensor regression for multidimensional data modeling

Abstract In recent years, high-dimensional data, such as waveform signals and images have become ubiquitous. This type of data is often represented by multiway arrays or tensors. Several statistical models, including tensor regression, have been developed for such tensor data. However, these models are sensitive to the presence of arbitrary outliers within the tensors. To address the issue, this article proposes a Robust Tensor-On-Tensor (RTOT) regression approach, which has the capability of modeling high-dimensional data when the data is corrupted by outliers. Through several simulations and case studies, we evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results reveal the advantage of the RTOT over some benchmarks in the literature in terms of estimation error. A Python implementation is available at https://github.com/Reisi-Lab/RTOT.git.
Measurements of local skin friction in a microbubble-modified turbulent boundary layer

Local skin-friction reductions have been measured using an array of flush-mounted hot-film probes in a microbubble-modified, zero-pressure-gradient, turbulent bounddary layer. The results of earlier integrated skin-friction measurements, that showed the reduction to be a function of plate orientation, gas-flow rate and free-stream velocity, have been confirmed both qualitatively and quantitatively. With the measurement plate oriented so that buoyancy keeps the bubbles in boundary layer, it is shown that skin friction is reduced monotonically for all air-flow rates at each of three free-stream velocities between 4 and 17 m/s. For the opposite plate orientation it is possible for increasing gas injection to lead to smaller local skin-friction reduction at the lowest speeds. Drag reduction appears to persist for as much as 60–70 boundary-layer thicknesses downstream of the injection region. It is further shown, using a probe flush-mounted just upstream of the injection section, that there is no apparent upstream interference due to the gas injection. Spectral measurements indicate that microbubbles can cause a reduction of high-frequency shear-stress fluctuations. This suggests a destruction of some of the turbulence in the near-wall region.
Identification of Cuproptosis-Related Genes in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent hepatic pathology worldwide. However, the precise molecular mechanisms for NAFLD are still not sufficiently explained. Recently, a new mode of cell death (cuproptosis) is found. However, the relationship between NAFLD and cuproptosis remains unclear. We analyzed three public datasets (GSE89632, GSE130970, and GSE135251) to identify cuproptosis-related genes stably expressed in NAFLD. Then, we performed a series of bioinformatics analyses to explore the relationship between NAFLD and cuproptosis-related genes. Finally, 6 high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced NAFLD C57BL/6J mouse models were established to carry out transcriptome analysis. The results of gene set variation analysis (GSVA) revealed that the cuproptosis pathway was abnormally activated to a certain degree (p = 0.035 in GSE89632, p = 0.016 in GSE130970, p = 0.22 in GSE135251), and the principal component analysis (PCA) of the cuproptosis-related genes showed that the NAFLD group separated from the control group, with the first two principal components accounting for 58.63%-74.88% of the variation. Among three datasets, two cuproptosis-related genes (DLD and PDHB, p < 0.01 or 0.001) were stably upregulated in NAFLD. Additionally, both DLD (AUC = 0.786–0.856) and PDHB (AUC = 0.771–0.836) had favorable diagnostic properties, and the multivariate logistics regression model further improved the diagnostic properties (AUC = 0.839–0.889). NADH, flavin adenine dinucleotide, and glycine targeted DLD, and pyruvic acid and NADH targeted PDHB in the DrugBank database. The DLD and PDHB were also associated with clinical pathology, especially with steatosis (DLD, p = 0.0013–0.025; PDHB, p = 0.002–0.0026) and NAFLD activity score (DLD, p = 0.004–0.02; PDHB, p = 0.003–0.031). What is more, DLD and PDHB were correlated with stromal score (DLD, R = 0.38, p < 0.001; PDHB, R = 0.31, p < 0.001) and immune score (DLD, R = 0.26, p < 0.001; PDHB, R = 0.27, p < 0.001) in NAFLD. Furthermore, Dld and Pdhb were also significantly upregulated in the NAFLD mouse model. In conclusion, cuproptosis pathways, especially DLD and PDHB, could be potential candidate genes for NAFLD diagnostic and therapeutic options.
Comparison between dynamic plowing lithography and nanoindentation methods

Two different methods of nanolithography, namely dynamic plowing lithography (DPL) and indentation by means of force-displacement curves (FDI), have been compared by performing them on two different polymers, poly (methylmethacrylate) and polystyrene. No fundamental differences can be found out in the efficiency of the two methods, i.e., in the depth of the lithographed structure as a function of the scanning parameters. The main drawback of FDI is that it is much more time consuming than DPL. On the other hand, when the sample is lithographed with DPL, the border walls that surround the lithographed structure are very much bigger than the border walls created through FDI. The physicochemical properties of the border walls created through DPL have been investigated. Several experimental data reveal that such border walls are very much softer and looser than unmodified polymers and suggest that during DPL the fast oscillating tip is able to break polymer chains. This does not happen with FDI, where border .
Possible star formation in the halo of NGC 253

We present a deep UBV survey in the direction of the halo of the starburst galaxy NGC 253 aimed at investigating the possible existence of recent star formation far from its disk, as traced by early-type stars. We discuss different classes of objects with blue colors that may contaminate the region of color-color and color-magnitude diagrams occupied by early Population I stars at the distance of NGC 253. Strong upper limits are found on their contribution to the measured object counts by means of models, of surveys of the halo of our Galaxy, and of observations of nearby control fields. A population of objects with $(B-V) 23$ is identified in the direction of the halo of NGC 253 that has no counterpart in the control fields to a high level of statistical confidence. The absolute magnitudes of these objects at the distance of NGC 253 is consistent with them being main sequence B0-B2 stars. The spatial distribution of the bluest objects in the halo of NGC 253 seems to cluster in two groups: one is closer to the disk of NGC 253, and may contain runaway stars expelled from its disk. The other group has projected distances to the plane of the galaxy ranging between 9 and 15 kpc, and at least its base coincides with a peak in radio continuum due to synchrotron emission of cosmic rays escaping the galactic disk. We hypothesize that the distant group of blue stars in the halo of NGC 253 is a result of the interaction between the superwind produced at its nuclear starburst (and perhaps also in star forming regions in the disk) and cold gas in the halo, in a phenomenon similar to the star formation near Centaurus A induced by the interaction of its jet with a HI cloud. If this is the case, NGC 253 provides an example of the ability of less energetic galactic outflows to trigger star formation in haloes, a phenomenon that may also be responsible for the suspected existence of Population I stars at large distances from the disk of the Milky Way.
Langevin dynamic simulations of fast remagnetization processes in ferrofluids with internal magnetic degrees of freedom

In this paper we present a model which allows numerical studies of ferrofluid dynamics taking into account the internal magnetic degrees of freedom of the ferrofluid particles. In standard ferrofluid models the magnetic moment of a ferrofluid particle is supposed to be fixed with respect to the particle itself, which corresponds to the limit of an infinitely high single-particle magnetic anisotropy. In contrast to this strongly simplifying assumption, we take into account that in real ferrofluids the magnetic moments of ferrofluid particles are allowed to rotate with respect to the particles themselves. Our model results in a system of equations of motion describing both magnetic and mechanical degrees of freedom, where the ‘magnetic’ equations are coupled with the ‘mechanical’ equations via (i) the interparticle distances determining the magnetodipolar interaction fields and (ii) orientations of the particle anisotropy axes with respect to their magnetic moments which define the mechanical torque on the particle. Using our model we have studied the ferrofluid magnetization dynamics for various particle concentrations, i.e., for various magnetodipolar interaction strengths. In particular, we present numerical results (a) the magnetization relaxation of a ferrofluid after the external field is switched off and (b) the frequency dependence of the ferrofluid AC susceptibility. Comparing these results with the corresponding dependences obtained for the rigid dipoles model, we demonstrate that for magnetic anisotropy values typical for commonly used ferrofluid materials (like magnetite) the inclusion of ‘magnetic’ degrees of freedom is qualitatively essential to obtain a correct description of the ferrofluid dynamics.
Measurement accuracy of the diameter of a carbon nanotube from TEM images

The image contrast of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) is investigated via high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) experiments and image simulations. It is found that the common practice of determining the tube diameter by measuring the two dark lines in the HRTEM image of a SWCNT is not very accurate, and this is especially so for tubes with diameters smaller than 1 nm. Depending on the imaging conditions, both amplitude contrast and phase contrast may be generated by a carbon nanotube in a HRTEM image. In images taken at the Scherzer defocus, a SWCNT usually appear as two dark lines corresponding to the two walls of the nanotube but in general the distance between the two dark lines is smaller than the real diameter of the SWCNT. The discrepancy between these two values varies with the size of the tube and the alignment of the tube relative to the electron beam, and can be as large as 30% for sub-nanometer carbon nanotubes. For tubes larger than 1.0 nm, the discrepancy is typically less than 10%. The phase contrast of a SWCNT changes with defocus condition. The reverse contrast appears at a small underfocus, while the two dark lines associated with the two walls of the SWCNT become broader for a large underfocus. For accurate nanotube diameter determination, we recommend that measurements based on HRTEM images should be combined with image simulations and structural relaxation of the atomic models of the carbon nanotubes.
Leading Modes of Wintertime North Pacific Atmospheric Rivers and Their Drivers

North Pacific Atmospheric Rivers (ARs) are affected by many climate modes, including the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). However, such impacts are often examined individually and outside of the context of ARs' own variability. It remains an open question as to the relative importance of each climate mode in affecting the inter‐annual variability of AR occurrences. This work proposes an answer to the above inquiry, via a rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis on wintertime AR occurrences. Four major modes of AR occurrence variability are identified: The first mode features a southeast‐northwest shift of the AR tracks, and is associated with the pair of the second leading EOFs of the North Pacific atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperature (SST). The second mode features a large scale suppression of North Pacific ARs and an enhancement west of the California coasts. This is a decadal variability associated with PDO. The third mode features meridionally contracted AR tracks over the Eastern Pacific. This is associated with the leading EOFs of the North Pacific atmosphere/SST, and the inter‐annual component of PDO. These three modes each contributes ∼19% to the total variances. The fourth mode, with a 12.7% variance contribution, carries the complementary information of the non‐linear El Niño ‐ La Niña transition, and features two slanted anomaly bands over boundaries of the basin. Key atmospheric/oceanic driving forces associated with each mode are examined, and certain climate modes exhibit promising predictive power to wintertime AR occurrences.
A two-step process to increase successful geocoding in publicly available police stop data

ABSTRACT Many police departments are meeting calls for transparency by releasing publicly accessible data. High-quality address locations are critical for successful and accurate geocoding, though the content and quality of that data can drastically vary across datasets. In this study, we showcase a two-step geocoding process that helps convert low-quality address locations into geo-locatable addresses using traditional geocoding and Jaro-Winkler edit distance methods with police stop data from the San Diego Police Department. For reference, only 83% of stops were geocoded when using traditional geocoding methods. By employing the Jaro-Winkler edit distance to clean the stop address strings, we were able to geocode 99% of stops. We further discuss data creation practices and solutions for data quality-related issues for police departments and researchers when using publicly available policing data.
The Senolytic Drug Fisetin Attenuates Bone Degeneration in the Zmpste24−/− Progeria Mouse Model

Aging leads to several geriatric conditions including osteoporosis (OP) and associated frailty syndrome. Treatments for these conditions are limited and none target fundamental drivers of pathology, and thus identifying strategies to delay progressive loss of tissue homeostasis and functional reserve will significantly improve quality of life in elderly individuals. A fundamental property of aging is the accumulation of senescent cells. Senescence is a cell state defined by loss of proliferative capacity, resistance to apoptosis, and the release of a proinflammatory and anti-regenerative senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The accumulation of senescent cells and SASP factors is thought to significantly contribute to systemic aging. Senolytics—compounds which selectively target and kill senescent cells—have been characterized to target and inhibit anti-apoptotic pathways that are upregulated during senescence, which can elicit apoptosis in senescent cells and relieve SASP production. Senescent cells have been linked to several age-related pathologies including bone density loss and osteoarthritis in mice. Previous studies in murine models of OP have demonstrated that targeting senescent cells pharmacologically with senolytic drugs can reduce symptomology of the disease. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of senolytic drugs (dasatinib, quercetin, and fisetin) to improve age-associated degeneration in bone using the Zmpste24−/− (Z24−/−) progeria murine system for Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). We found that the combination of dasatinib plus quercetin could not significantly mitigate trabecular bone loss although fisetin administration could reduce bone density loss in the accelerated aging Z24−/− model. Furthermore, the overt bone density loss observed in the Z24−/− model reported herein highlights the Z24 model as a translational model to recapitulate alterations in bone density associated with advanced age. Consistent with the “geroscience hypothesis,” these data demonstrate the utility of targeting a fundamental driver of systemic aging (senescent cell accumulation) to alleviate a common condition with age, bone deterioration.