Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum function by phospholamban.

Calcium fluxes across the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane are regulated by phosphorylation of a 27,000-dalton membrane-bound protein termed phospholamban. Phospholamban is phosphorylated by three different protein kinases (cAMP-dependent, Ca2+.CAM-dependent and Ca2+.phospholipid dependent) at apparently distinct sites. Phosphorylation by each of the protein kinases increases the rates of active calcium transport by sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. The stimulatory effects of protein kinases on the calcium pump may be reversed by an endogenous protein phosphatase activity. The phosphoprotein phosphatase can dephosphorylate both the cAMP-dependent and the Ca2+. CAM-dependent sites of phospholamban. Phosphorylation of phospholamban also occurs in situ, in perfused beating hearts, during the peak of the inotropic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. Reversal of the stimulatory effects is associated with dephosphorylation of phospholamban. Thus, in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that phospholamban is a regulator for the calcium pump in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. The degree of phospholamban phosphorylation determined by the interaction of specific protein kinases and phosphatases may represent an important control for sarcoplasmic reticulum function and, thus, for the contraction-relaxation cycle in the myocardium. In this review, we summarize recent evidence on physical and structural properties of phospholamban, the proposed structural molecular models for this protein, and the significance of its regulatory role both in vitro and in situ.
THE EVOLUTION OF LANDSCAPE GENETICS

The main objective of this special section is not to review the broad field of landscape genetics, but to provide a glimpse of how the developing landscape genetics perspective has the potential to change the way we study evolution. Evolutionary landscape genetics is the study of how migration and population structure affects evolutionary processes. As a field it dates back to Sewall Wright and the origin of theoretical population genetics, but empirical tests of adaptive processes of evolution in natural landscapes have been rare. Now, with recent developments in technology, methodology, and modeling tools, we are poised to trace adaptive genetic variation across space and through time. Not only will we see more empirical tests of classical theory, we can expect to see new phenomena emerging, as we reveal complex interactions among evolutionary processes as they unfold in natural landscapes.
The paralation model - architecture-independent parallel programming

From the Publisher: The Paralation Model introduces a way of programming parallel computers that is easy to use for general problem solving, and will work for many different parallel computer architectures with any number of processors, from one to billions. The book includes working LISP source code for a mini-compiler, along with many programming examples.
Relay Mode Selection and Power Allocation for Hybrid One-Way/Two-Way Half-Duplex/Full-Duplex Relaying

In this letter, we study a classic three-node relay network with two end nodes and one relay. A unified signal model is proposed to represent four typical relay modes, namely, one-way half-duplex, two-way half-duplex, one-way full-duplex, and two-way full-duplex. This unified model is then applied to conveniently formulate the sum data rate of a multicarrier relay network with hybrid relay modes on a per subcarrier basis. Joint relay mode selection and power allocation method is developed under individual node power constraint, with the aim to maximize the sum data rate of the two end nodes.
New Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Marriage Transactions

This article refines and extends previous cross-cultural research on marriage transactions (e.g., bride wealth, dowry). The authors begin by expanding the standard cross-cultural typology of marriage transactions. They identify six additional kinds of transactions (e.g., groom wealth, groom service) and show that many societies of the Human Relations Area Files (HRAF) probability sample have two or more types of transactions. Next, the authors take a Darwinian approach to marriage transactions. Differences in male and female reproductive strategies account for the general pattern of the bride’s family materially benefitting from marriage at the expense of the groom’s family. Kin selection theory explains why wealth devolves from the parents of the couple to the bride and groom. Finally, the authors examine evidence that the type of kin relied on by members of a society and the prevalence of polygyny also influence marriage transactions in predictable ways.
Psychotherapeutic treatment of awareness in acute rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury

Abstract A tripartite model for conceptualising lack of awareness after brain injury is proposed. Careful assessment of the causes of unawareness must precede treatment. Treatment in early inpatient rehabilitation should balance the patient's need to know with the implications, both positive and negative, of not knowing, at that point in time, for that individual patient. The challenge to the therapist is one of constant monitoring of dynamic fluctuations in a patient's readiness (neuropsychological or emotional) over time to become more aware of losses without becoming devastated by shame or despair.
Parameter estimation using consensus building strategies with application to sensor networks

Sensor network plays a significant role in determining the performance of network inference tasks. A wireless sensor network with a large number of sensor nodes can be used as an effective tool for gathering data in various situations. One of the major issues in WSN is developing an efficient protocol which has a significant impact on the convergence of the network. Parameter estimation is one of the most important applications of sensor network. In order to model such large and complex networks for estimation, efficient strategies and algorithms which take less time to converge are being developed. To deal with this challenge, an approach of having multilayer network structure to estimate parameter and reach convergence in less time is estimated by comparing it with known gossip distributed algorithm. Approached Multicast multilayer algorithm on a network structure of Gaussian mixture model with two components to estimate parameters were compared and simulated with gossip algorithm. Both the algorithms were compared based on the number of iterations the algorithms took to reach convergence by using Expectation Maximization Algorithm.Finally a series of theoretical and practical results that explicitly showed that Multicast works better than gossip in large and complex networks for estimation in consensus building strategies.
Improving design verifiability by early RTL coverability analysis

Achieving high coverage is an important goal in design verification. Fixing coverability problems found at the verification stage, however, can require tremendous effort. To address this problem, we propose a flow for analyzing code and variable-toggle coverability at the early-RTL block-level stage. In addition, we devise a novel technique to analyze the coverability problems so that engineers can resolve the issues more efficiently. By identifying coverability problems at early RTL design stages, design verifiability can be improved, thus reducing the effort required at the verification phase.
alpha(v)beta(3) integrin engagement modulates cell adhesion, proliferation, and protease secretion in human lymphoid tumor cells.

OBJECTIVE The mechanisms used by human lymphoproliferative diseases to invade locally and metastasize are thought to be similar to those developed by solid tumors, including cell proliferation and secretion of extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes following adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins. Hence, the ability of Namalwa (Burkitt's lymphoma), U266 (multiple myeloma), and CEM (T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia) cells to interact with the extracellular matrix components vitronectin and fibronectin was determined. Fresh bone marrow plasma cells from patients with multiple myeloma also were studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Engagement of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin, formation and protein composition of focal adhesion contacts on the cell surface, phosphorylation of several signal transduction proteins in the contacts, cell proliferation, and enzyme secretion were studied following adhesion to vitronectin and fibronectin. RESULTS All three lines adhered to immobilized vitronectin and fibronectin. Adhesion was fully prevented by neutralizing monoclonal anti-alpha(v)beta(3) integrin antibody. Integrin engagement caused the formation of phosphorylated pp60(src)/focal adhesion kinase complexes and the aggregation of focal adhesion plaques containing the beta(3) integrin subunit, the cytoskeletal proteins vinculin, cortactin, and paxillin, the tyrosine kinases focal adhesion kinase and pp60(src), the adapter protein Grb-2, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK-2. Free and immobilized vitronectin and fibronectin stimulated the proliferation of cells under serum-free conditions and the production and release of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, and increased the release of the activated forms of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in an alpha(v)beta(3) integrin-dependent manner. Similar results were obtained in myeloma plasma cells. CONCLUSIONS The demonstrated ability of lymphoid tumor cells to interact with the extracellular matrix components vitronectin and fibronectin via alpha(v)beta(3) integrin can be interpreted as evidence of a novel mechanism for their invasion and spreading. This interaction allows them to adhere to the substratum and enhances their proliferation and protease secretion.
Assessing the Effect of Cataract: A Clinical Evaluation of the Opacity Lensmeter 701

The efficacy of a new clinical instrument which measures light backscatter from the crystalline lens—the Opacity Lensmeter 701—was assessed. Repeated measurements were made on 83 normal subjects in the age range 15 to 82 years, and on 38 eyes of subjects with cataract but normal retinal and neural function. The cataract scores were compared against results of Logmar visual acuity (VA) and glare disability measurements from the same subjects. The Lensmeter was found to be simple to use and gave quick, repeatable, objective measurements of light backscatter. Scores correlated well with normal age changes in noncataractous lenses and in cataracts of pure nuclear morphology, but not in cortical or posterior subcapsular cataracts.
Tile-based texture mapping on graphics hardware

Texture mapping has been a fundamental feature for commodity graphics hardware. However, a key challenge for texture mapping is how to store and manage large textures on graphics processors. In this paper, we present a tile-based texture mapping algorithm by which we only have to physically store a small set of texture tiles instead of a large texture. Our algorithm generates an arbitrarily large and non-periodic virtual texture map from the small set of stored texture tiles. Because we only have to store a small set of tiles, it minimizes the storage requirement to a small constant, regardless of the size of the virtual texture. In addition, the tiles are generated and packed into a single texture map, so that the hardware filtering of this packed texture map corresponds directly to the filtering of the virtual texture. We implement our algorithm as a fragment program, and demonstrate performance on latest graphics processors.
Effects of Melodic Pattern Difficulty and Performance Experience on Ability to Play by Ear

The primary purpose of this study was to determine the relative difficulty of playing selected types of melodic patterns by ear. Ancillary purposes were to study the effects of performance experience and instrument family on the ability to play by ear, and to investigate the relationship between tonal aptitude and ability to play by ear. Results indicated that (a) descending patterns are more challenging than ascending; (b) patterns in minor tonality are more difficult to play by ear than are those in major; (c) students tend to continue using a familiar (though incorrect) fingering pattern on the repetition of a melodic pattern in a less familiar key, even when it seems that the students realize it is incorrect; and (d) shifting the last pitch of a pattern is easier than shifting the middle pitch. Results showed there was no difference in the ability to play by ear when considering performance experience, instrument family, or the interaction between performance experience and instrument family. There was a moderate positive relationship between tonal aptitude and ability to play by ear for 7th-grade students in this investigation.
PROTECTING THE LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYED

Long-term unemployment (LTU) affects the Spanish labour market to a broader extent than those of other European Union members. This article analyses the choices made within the Spanish welfare state in order to protect the long-term unemployed. Indeed, a significant policy shift entailing redefinition of targets and incentives may be ascertained over the past twenty years. The article aims to explain why such a shift was possible by using a neoinsitutionalist theoretical perspective. After discussing the neo-insitutionalist approach to the study of labour markets, the article considers the evolution of LTU in a comparative perspective as well as the characteristics of the longterm unemployed in Spain, who present peculiar characteristics in terms of sex and age. It then assesses the evolution of labour market policies, i.e. to analyse the policy reform process by taking into account the perceptions and positions of the different actors involved. The article concludes that policy legacies and path dependency (i.e. reliance on passive protection) are indeed hard to overcome, even in the case of a national state where the problem of long-term unemployment is of crucial importance. Thus a major change in 'shared meanings' among policy-actors was needed for success in the adoption (and adaptation) of new policy paradigms in Spain. Furthermore, the impact of new policies on the reduction of LTU has been limited, and different groups of long-term unemployed have profited unevenly from them.
Clothes style recommendation system

We propose a clothes style recommendation system by analyzing the relation between facial features and clothes style. Five different kinds of face shapes and seven different kinds of clothes styles are defined in our work. To extract features that are stable under different lighting conditions, geometric information is used, which measure distance between regular features, e.g. distance between eyes, average distance from eye to nose. Instead of detecting regular facial features directly, facial feature points are detected by active shape model in advance. Then 14 different kinds of geometric information are extracted, which can capture discriminant features to describe the significance properties not only for the specific facial shape but between different facial shapes. Finally, multi-label classification is applied because one facial shape is suitable to more one clothes styles. Binary-Relevance (BP) and Label Powerset (LP) methods are used to transfer multi-label classification into multiple binary class problems and one multi-class problem, respectively. Experiments are designed to evaluate the system performance with two transferring methods, and Hamming-loss function and F-score are used for accuracy measure.
Accurate force reflection method for a multi-d.o.f. haptic interface using instantaneous restriction space without a force sensor in an unstructured environment

This paper proposes an accurate force reflection method for a multi-d.o. f. haptic interface without a force sensor. Sensorless force reflection is possible using position–position (p–p) architecture. However, the conventional p–p architecture in the literature has limitations representing constraint space when it is applied to a multi-d.o. f. haptic interface in that it gives an inaccurate force direction. This paper demonstrates the limitation of the conventional p–p architecture through an example and proposes a novel force reflection method using the instantaneous restriction space (IRS) concept. The IRS can be calculated using the Jacobian and joint angle error of a slave manipulator. Since the proposed method has the form of an impedance two-port architecture in the sense of data flow, it can be easily combined with previous well-known results of two-port haptic display frameworks. The proposed method is especially useful when the slave manipulator collides with unexpected obstacles during motion, even though the slave does not have a force sensor. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated through experiments.
Effects of different rhBMP-2 release profiles in defect areas around dental implants on bone regeneration

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of different rhBMP-2 release profiles in defect areas around dental implants on osseointegration and bone regeneration. Four beagle dogs (13–15 kg) were used. The defect was 3 mm deep and there was a 1 mm gap around the implant. Each of the four implants was installed on the right and left mandibular alveolar ridges. After the implants were placed, experimental groups were applied to the surrounding defect area (n = 8 in each group, the control group was not treated). The inject group was injected with rhBMP-2 solution directly. In the gel group, rhBMP-2 mixed with a hydrogel matrix was applied. In the particle–gel group, rhBMP-2-embedded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) microparticles mixed with hydrogel matrix were applied to maintain consistent release. Sequential fluorescent labeling and histological analysis were performed to evaluate the new bone formation and osseointegration in the defect area. In the control group, larger marginal bone loss was detected as compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). The gel group showed significantly higher levels of BIC in the buccal and lingual defect areas compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). New-bone percentages in the inject and gel groups formed more new bone than in the particle–gel and control groups (P < 0.05). Despite the limitations of this study, the use of only hydrogel, which allows early release of rhBMP-2 followed by consistent extended release, showed better bone formation and osseointegration than simple injection or PLGA microparticles with hydrogel matrix.
ACHIEVEMENT OUTCOMES OF TWO READING PROGRAMMES: AN INSTANCE Of APTITUDE-TREATMENT INTERACTION

Summary. The reading achievement test performance of sixth-grade pupils in contrasting reading programmes was examined. One programme (Matteson) is an explicitly sequenced, behaviourally oriented skills programme. The other (Scott Foresman) places more emphasis on rich language experience, and less on specific skill development. An aptitude-treatment interaction was found. Higher ability pupils in the Scott Foresman programme out-performed those in the Matteson programme, while lower ability pupils in the Matteson programme scored higher than those in Scott Foresman. Explanations and implications are discussed in terms of the differential degrees of benefit derived from explicit organisation of the learning environment by pupils with varying levels of academic competence.
Schizophrenia and schizophrenia-spectrum personality disorders in the first-degree relatives of children with schizophrenia: the UCLA family study.

BACKGROUND This study tested the hypothesis that childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) is a variant of adult-onset schizophrenia (AOS) by determining if first-degree relatives of COS probands have an increased risk for schizophrenia and schizotypal and paranoid personality disorders. METHODS Relatives of COS probands (n = 148) were compared with relatives of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (n = 368) and community control (n = 206) probands. Age-appropriate structured diagnostic interviews were used to assign DSM-III-R diagnoses to probands and their relatives. Family psychiatric history was elicited from multiple informants. Diagnoses of relatives were made blind to information about probands' diagnoses. Final consensus diagnoses, which integrated family history, direct interview information, and medical records, are reported in this article. RESULTS There was an increased lifetime morbid risk for schizophrenia (4.95% +/- 2.16%) and schizotypal personality disorder (4.20% +/- 2.06%) in the parents of COS probands compared with parents of ADHD (0.45% +/- 0.45%, 0.91% +/- 0.63%) and community control (0%) probands. The parents of COS probands diagnosed as having schizophrenia had an early age of first onset of schizophrenia. Risk for avoidant personality disorder (9.41% +/- 3.17%) was increased in the parents of COS probands compared with parents of community controls (1.67% +/- 1.17%). CONCLUSIONS The psychiatric disorders that do and do not aggregate in the parents of COS probands are remarkably similar to the disorders that do and do not aggregate in the parents of adults with schizophrenia in modern family studies. These findings provide compelling support for the hypothesis of etiological continuity between COS and AOS.
Socio-demographic factors and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among filipinos from the LIFECARE cohort.

BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome(MetS) is an aggregation of multiple metabolic risk factors shown to lead to the development of cardiovascular disease. The International Diabetes Federation(IDF) and the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ(mNCEP) criteria are used in identifying MetS. This report will determine the prevalence of MetS and its component risk factors of the Philippine cohort of the LIFE course study in CARdiovascular disease Epidemiology(LIFECARE). METHODS Our study recruited 3,072 participants aged 20-50 years old from Metro Manila and four nearby provinces. Baseline anthropometric and clinical parameters were measured. Prevalence of MetS and its component factors were determined. Associations with socio-demographic factors were determined. RESULTS The prevalence of MetS was 19.7% and 25.6% by IDF and mNCEP, respectively(kappa 0.83). Both were associated with increasing age, urban residence, and employed status. It was higher in females by IDF and in males by mNCEP. IDF missed 40% of males and 10% of females identified with MetS by mNCEP. More males were identified by the mNCEP as MetS despite relatively normal waist circumference. CONCLUSION MetS is common in the Philippines among older, educated, and urban residents. The mNCEP criteria identified more MetS than the IDF criteria.
A novel ubiquitin-like modification modulates the partitioning of the Ran-GTPase-activating protein RanGAP1 between the cytosol and the nuclear pore complex

Ran is a nuclear Ras-like GTPase that is required for the bidirectional transport of proteins and ribnucleoproteins across the nuclear pore complex (NPC). A key regulator of the Ran GTP/GDP cycle is the 70-kD Ran-GTPase-activating protein RanGAP1. Here, we report the identification and localization of a novel form of RanGAP1. Using peptide sequence analysis and specific mAbs, RanGAP1 was found to be modified by conjugation to a ubiquitin-like protein. Immunoblot analysis and immunolocalization by light and EM demonstrated that the 70-kD unmodified from of RanGAP1 is exclusively cytoplasmic, whereas the 90-kD modified form of RanGAP1 is associated with the cytoplasmic fibers of the NPC. The modified form of RanGAP1 also appeared to associated with the mitotic spindle apparatus during mitosis. These findings have specific implications for Ran function and broad implications for protein regulation by ubiquitin-like modifications. Moreover, the variety and function of ubiquitin-like protein modifications in the cell may be more diverse than previously realized.