Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiagent Planning Multiagent Chess Games

A Multiagent Chess playing paradigm is defined. By defining spheres and strength degrees for pieces winning strategies on games can be defined. The new Intelligent Tree Computing theories we have defined since 1994 can be applied to present precise strategies and prove theorems on games. The multiagent chess game model is defined by an isomorphism on multiboards and agents. Intelligent game trees are presented and goal directed planning is defined by tree rewrite computation on intelligent game trees. Applying intelligent game trees we define capture agents and state an overview to multiagent chess thinking. Game tree intelligence degree is defined and applied to prove model-theoretic soundness and completeness. The game is viewed as a multiplayer game with only perfect information between agent pairs. The man-machine t chnologies thought dilemma is dispelled in brief by addressing the thinking in the absolute versus thinking for a precisely defined area with a multiagent image for the computing mind.
Differential Gene Expression Profiling in Bed Bug (Cimex Lectularius L.) Fed on Ibuprofen and Caffeine in Reconstituted Human Blood

The recent resurgence of the common bed bug (Cimex lectularius L.) infestations worldwide has created a need for renewed research on biology, behavior, population genetics and management practices. Humans serve as exclusive hosts to bed bugs in urban environments. Since a majority of humans consume Ibuprofen (as pain medication) and caffeine (in coffee and other soft drinks) so bug bugs subsequently acquire Ibuprofen and caffeine through blood feeding. However, the effect of these chemicals at genetic level in bed bug is unknown. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine differential gene expression in bed bugs using RNA-Seq analysis at dosages of 200 ppm Ibuprofen and 40 ppm caffeine incorporated into reconstituted human blood and compared against the control. Total RNA was extracted from a single bed bug per replication per treatment and sequenced. Read counts obtained were analyzed using Bioconductor software programs to identify differentially expressed genes, which were then searched against the non-redundant (nr) protein database of National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Data on comparison of differentially expressed genes between control and Ibuprofen treatments revealed that 659 genes were significantly differentially regulated and 95% of them returned BLAST hits. Heat stress proteins were among the top significantly differentially down regulated genes. Comparison of the control vs caffeine treatments revealed that 2,161 genes were significantly differently regulated (Padj <0.05). Heat shock proteins were among the top ten down regulated genes in both treatments. Finally, using RNAi to identify the exact function of these highly differentially expressed genes and regulating these genes may offer potential for managing bed bug populations.
A machine learning approach for text categorization of fixing-issue commits on CVS

We studied data mining from CVS repositories of two large OO projects, Eclipse and Netbeans, focusing on "fixing-issue" commits. We highlight common characteristics of issue reporting, and problems related to the identification of these messages, and compare static traditional approaches, like Knowledge Engineering, to dynamic approaches based on Machine Learning techniques. We compare for the first time performances of Machine Learning (ML) techniques to automatic classify "fixing-issues" among message commits. Our study calculates precision and recall of different Machine Learning Classifiers for the correct classification of issue-reporting commits. Our results show that some ML classifiers can correctly classify up to 99.9% of such commits.
Target Localization from Bistatic Range Measurements in Multi-Transmitter Multi-Receiver Passive Radar

A closed-form weighted least squares method for finding a target position in the presence of multiple transmitters and multiple receivers from time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements is proposed. The method is based on the intersection of the ellipsoids defined by bistatic range (BR) measurements from a number of transmitters and receivers. The localization formula is derived from the minimization of the weighted equation error energy. To produce a substantial improvement in the performance of the method, a weighting matrix is derived in two different conditions, which one of them leads to an approximate maximum likelihood (ML) and the other one results in a best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE). Numerical simulations are included to support and corroborate the theoretical developments.
An empirical study on achievable throughputs of IEEE 802.11n devices

The empirical performance studies on the emerging IEEE 802.11n technology by an independent and vendor-neutral party have not really been explored. In this paper, we conduct performance measurements for the IEEE 802.11n network using a mixture of commercially available IEEE 802.11n devices from various manufacturers. With the same standard 20-MHz channel width configuration, the results demonstrate that IEEE 802.11n significantly outperforms the IEEE 802.11g network. The performance improvements of IEEE 802.11n are measured to be roughly about 85% for the downlink UDP traffic, 68% for the downlink TCP traffic, 50% for the uplink UDP traffic, and 90% for the uplink TCP traffic. We also observe that the UDP throughputs are largely imbalanced for the uplink and downlink traffics in most test networks, while the downlink and uplink TCP throughput results are quite balanced for all test networks. In addition, the 40-MHz channel configurations only provide marginal performance improvements. Unlike other existing work, here we also capture and analyze the IEEE 802.11n packets transferred during the performance tests in order to technically explain the measured performance results. It is observed that when the frame aggregation and block acknowledgement mechanisms are utilized, the superior performance results are achieved. However, the decisions on how and when to use these mechanisms are very hardware dependent.
Perception of Pseudo-Stereoscopic Image Depths of Three-Dimensional Objects Displayed on VDT Screen

The subjective evaluation was carried out to check if we can feel the pseudo-stereoscopic image depth of a three-dimensional object taken from a video camera and displayed on the VDT screen. Whether an image of the three-dimensional object displayed on the VDT screen was recognized planar or three-dimensional by the subjects was found to depend on the incident angle of light onto the three-dimensional object when the video camera located at 45 degrees from the horizontal ground line on the VDT screen to the position of eyes of each subject, perpendicular to the ground line, measured from the object. An experimental study of the perception of the pseudo-stereoscopic image depth in a three-dimensional object irradiated by the illuminant located at an angle in the range of 22 to 70 degrees measured vertically from the horizontal line on the VDT screen showed that we could correctly recognize the pseudo-stereoscopic image depth of the three-dimensional object displayed on the VDT screen. Another experimental study carried out under the same conditions except that the illuminant was located at another angle in the range of 46 to 49 degrees measured vertically from the same horizontal line showed that we could strongly recognize the pseudo-stereoscopic image depth. These experimental studies were carried out by 40 subjects with ages of 20 to 26 years old, with differences of visual acuity, between the left and right eyes, of 0.3 or less. The results of these experimental studies verified that the three-dimensional objects displayed on the VDT screen could be perceived quasi-stereoscopic if the objects were irradiated by the illuminant located at suitable positions.
Wireless channel measurement data sets for reproducible performance evaluation in industrial environments

Industrial wireless communication in license-free spectrum bands such as the 2.4-GHz-ISM band suffer from motion and multipath effects, which cause a high time- and frequency-variant channel attenuation. Additionally, mutual interference from heterogeneous wireless technologies limits real-time capabilities of industrial wireless technologies. Therefore, performance validations of industrial wireless technologies within appropriate industrial wireless environments are necessary. In this paper, we present the first raw measurement data set publication of an industrial wireless environment characterization in a data repository for free public access to enable transparent industrial wireless technology validation and to enhance their comparability. We characterize the whole license-free 2.4-GHz-ISM band with a time resolution of 110 μs and a frequency resolution of 1MHz in a coexistence scenario with four antennas obstructed by robot arm movements. Additionally, the frequency and time variance of the measured channel attenuations are analyzed.
Analog-DFE-based 16Gb/s SerDes in 40nm CMOS that operates across 34dB loss channels at Nyquist with a baud rate CDR and 1.2Vpp voltage-mode driver

In networking systems today data rates are increasing beyond 15Gb/s and yet the installed backplanes are made of low cost materials with losses in excess of 30dB at 7.5GHz. Standards, such as IEEE802.3ap-10GBASE-KR and OIF-CEI25G, are specifying SerDes requirements for channels with 25dB loss at Nyquist and this has driven the development of SerDes with 4 or 5 tap DFEs [1]. Until now, solutions for 34dB or more channel loss have been limited to 10.3Gb/s or below [2,3], whereas this paper describes an adaptive 14-tap DFE that achieves a 10−17 BER across a 34dB loss channel at 16Gb/s for a power of 235mW/lane. A baud-rate CDR technique is specifically developed that gives excellent locking characteristics and alignment for use with a speculative DFE together with an enhanced swing TX voltage mode driver.
Towards multispecies interaction environments: extending accessibility to canine users

In this paper we discuss the role of mobility assistance dogs in human society and the challenges they face when operating in human environments. We present the findings of an ethnographic study at a training facility as well as the findings of early evaluations of canine-friendly switches. We discuss how the species-specific implementation of core interaction design principles could inform the design of interaction environments that better support these skilled workers.
Genetic Mutation in Korean Patients of Sudden Cardiac Arrest as a Surrogating Marker of Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmia

Mutation or common intronic variants in cardiac ion channel genes have been suggested to be associated with sudden cardiac death caused by idiopathic ventricular tachyarrhythmia. This study aimed to find mutations in cardiac ion channel genes of Korean sudden cardiac arrest patients with structurally normal heart and to verify association between common genetic variation in cardiac ion channel and sudden cardiac arrest by idiopathic ventricular tachyarrhythmia in Koreans. Study participants were Korean survivors of sudden cardiac arrest caused by idiopathic ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. All coding exons of the SCN5A, KCNQ1, and KCNH2 genes were analyzed by Sanger sequencing. Fifteen survivors of sudden cardiac arrest were included. Three male patients had mutations in SCN5A gene and none in KCNQ1 and KCNH2 genes. Intronic variant (rs2283222) in KCNQ1 gene showed significant association with sudden cardiac arrest (OR 4.05). Four male sudden cardiac arrest survivors had intronic variant (rs11720524) in SCN5A gene. None of female survivors of sudden cardiac arrest had SCN5A gene mutations despite similar frequencies of intronic variants between males and females in 55 normal controls. Common intronic variant in KCNQ1 gene is associated with sudden cardiac arrest caused by idiopathic ventricular tachyarrhythmia in Koreans.
Traumatic brain injury and post-acute decline: what role does environmental enrichment play? A scoping review

OBJECTIVES While a growing number of studies provide evidence of neural and cognitive decline in traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors during the post-acute stages of injury, there is limited research as of yet on environmental factors that may influence this decline. The purposes of this paper, therefore, are to (1) examine evidence that environmental enrichment (EE) can influence long-term outcome following TBI, and (2) examine the nature of post-acute environments, whether they vary in degree of EE, and what impact these variations have on outcomes. METHODS We conducted a scoping review to identify studies on EE in animals and humans, and post-discharge experiences that relate to barriers to recovery. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-three articles that met inclusion criteria demonstrated the benefits of EE on brain and behavior in healthy and brain-injured animals and humans. Nineteen papers on post-discharge experiences revealed that variables such as insurance coverage, financial, and social support, home therapy, and transition from hospital to home, can have an impact on clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION There is evidence to suggest that lack of EE, whether from lack of resources or limited ability to engage in such environments, may play a role in post-acute cognitive and neural decline. Maximizing EE in the post-acute stages of TBI may improve long-term outcomes for the individual, their family and society.
Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays

We present new results characterizing cosmological shocks within adaptive mesh refinement N-body/hydrodynamic simulations that are used to predict nonthermal components of large-scale structure. This represents the first study of shocks using adaptive mesh refinement. We propose a modified algorithm for finding shocks from those used on unigrid simulations that reduces the shock frequency of low Mach number shocks by a factor of ~3. We then apply our new technique to a large, (512 h−1 Mpc)3, cosmological volume and study the shock Mach number (ℳ) distribution as a function of preshock temperature, density, and redshift. Because of the large volume of the simulation, we have superb statistics that result from having thousands of galaxy clusters. We find that the Mach number evolution can be interpreted as a method to visualize large-scale structure formation. Shocks with ℳ < 5 typically trace mergers and complex flows, while 5 < ℳ < 20 and ℳ > 20 generally follow accretion onto filaments and galaxy clusters, respectively. By applying results from nonlinear diffusive shock acceleration models using the first-order Fermi process, we calculate the amount of kinetic energy that is converted into cosmic-ray protons. The acceleration of cosmic-ray protons is large enough that in order to use galaxy clusters as cosmological probes, the dynamic response of the gas to the cosmic rays must be included in future numerical simulations.
Modulating Beta-Cardiac Myosin Function at the Molecular and Tissue Levels

Inherited cardiomyopathies are a common form of heart disease that are caused by mutations in sarcomeric proteins with beta cardiac myosin (MYH7) being one of the most frequently affected genes. Since the discovery of the first cardiomyopathy associated mutation in beta-cardiac myosin, a major goal has been to correlate the in vitro myosin motor properties with the contractile performance of cardiac muscle. There has been substantial progress in developing assays to measure the force and velocity properties of purified cardiac muscle myosin but it is still challenging to correlate results from molecular and tissue-level experiments. Mutations that cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are more common than mutations that lead to dilated cardiomyopathy and are also often associated with increased isometric force and hyper-contractility. Therefore, the development of drugs designed to decrease isometric force by reducing the duty ratio (the proportion of time myosin spends bound to actin during its ATPase cycle) has been proposed for the treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Para-Nitroblebbistatin is a small molecule drug proposed to decrease the duty ratio of class II myosins. We examined the impact of this drug on human beta cardiac myosin using purified myosin motor assays and studies of permeabilized muscle fiber mechanics. We find that with purified human beta-cardiac myosin para-Nitroblebbistatin slows actin-activated ATPase and in vitro motility without altering the ADP release rate constant. In permeabilized human myocardium, para-Nitroblebbistatin reduces isometric force, power, and calcium sensitivity while not changing shortening velocity or the rate of force development (ktr). Therefore, designing a drug that reduces the myosin duty ratio by inhibiting strong attachment to actin while not changing detachment can cause a reduction in force without changing shortening velocity or relaxation.
Inefficient Voting

We employ theoretical and experimental techniques to compare alternative mechanisms designed to implement a simple binary choice, e.g. a referendum to accept or reject a new law or proposal. The outcome selected by the mechanism applies to all individuals but the value of this outcome differs across the population: some benefit from the outcome while others may lose. We assume that neither outcome is ex ante preferred, i.e. the two alternatives have the same expected value. We compare a simple voting mechanism to two types of bidding mechanisms and show that, theoretically, voting always results in inefficiencies. This prediction is corroborated by results from laboratory experiments, which reveal that the ability to express the intensity of one’s preference via a monetary bid facilitates the discovery of the socially optimal outcome. Furthermore, because of the redistribution that occurs under the bidding mechanisms, the benefits of a more efficient outcome do not simply accrue to “extremists” who have a lot at stake. Indeed, in the experiment, it is only the common “moderate” voter whose payoffs increase significantly and substantially. ∗Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Mail code 228-77, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA and CEPR. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation (SES 0551014), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and the Dutch National Science Foundation (VICI 453.03.606). We thank seminar participants at the Max Planck Institute in Bonn and at the Workshop for Behavioral Public Economics in Copenhagen for useful comments.
An investigation of factors influencing an organisation's intention to adopt cloud computing

Cloud computing is a paradigm for providing and delivering IT services over the Internet. The cloud can provide several benefits for organisations including cost reduction and flexibility. However, migrating an existing system to the cloud is not an easy task because it is dependent on a number of factors. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the factors that may influence an organisation's intention to adopt cloud computing in Saudi Arabia. We proposed an integrated model in an attempt to understand why some organisations are willing to move to the cloud while others are not. This model incorporates aspects of the Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) framework with integrating the critical factors from existing theories (Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) and institutional theory) and other influential factors.
Revisiting logical imaging for information retrieval

Retrieval with Logical Imaging is derived from belief revision and provides a novel mechanism for estimating the relevance of a document through logical implication (i.e. P(q->d). In this poster, we perform the first comprehensive evaluation of Logical Imaging (LI) in Information Retrieval (IR) across several TREC test Collections. When compared against standard baseline models, we show that LI fails to improve performance. This failure can be attributed to a nuance within the model that means non-relevant documents are promoted in the ranking, while relevant documents are demoted. This is an important contribution because it not only contextualizes the effectiveness of LI, but crucially explains why it fails. By addressing this nuance, future LI models could be significantly improved.
The effects of adding mass to the legs on the energetics and biomechanics of walking.

PURPOSE The metabolic cost of walking increases when mass is added to the legs, but the effects of load magnitude and location on the energetics and biomechanics of walking are unclear. We hypothesized that with leg loading 1) net metabolic rate would be related to the moment of inertia of the leg (I(leg)), 2) kinematics would be conserved, except for heavy foot loads, and 3) swing-phase sagittal-plane net muscle moments and swing-phase leg-muscle electromyography (EMG) would increase. METHODS Five adult males walked on a force-measuring treadmill at 1.25 m.s(-1) with no load and with loads of 2 and 4 kg per foot and shank, 4 and 8 kg per thigh, and 4, 8, and 16 kg on the waist. We recorded metabolic rate and sagittal-plane kinematics and net muscle moments about the hip, knee, and ankle during the single-stance and swing phases, and EMG of key leg muscles. RESULTS Net metabolic rate during walking increased with load mass and more distal location and was correlated with I(leg) (r2 = 0.43). Thigh loading was relatively inexpensive, helping to explain why the metabolic rate during walking is not strongly affected by body mass distribution. Kinematics, single-stance and swing-phase muscle moments, and EMG were similar while walking with no load or with waist, thigh, or shank loads. The increase in net metabolic rate with foot loading was associated with greater EMG of muscles that initiate leg swing and greater swing-phase muscle moments. CONCLUSIONS Distal leg loads increase the metabolic rate required for swinging the leg. The increase in metabolic rate with more proximal loads may be attributable to a combination of supporting (via hip abduction muscles) and propagating the swing leg.
Low-complexity space-time codes for high and low-priority streams

We examine the design of space-time codes that allow simple encoding and decoding of high and low-priority streams of data. A desirable multi-stream space-time code has the property that accurate soft bit information can be computed easily for one stream without having to decode the remaining streams. This allows, for example, a high-priority stream to be decoded optimally with complexity that is not adversely affected by the presence of a low-priority stream. Conditions that allow simple decoding are provided, and these conditions are demonstrated with some examples. We look specifically at two-stream codes, and compare performance with standard single-antenna hierarchical two-stream methods.
Nogo‐A antibodies and training reduce muscle spasms in spinal cord‐injured rats

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to permanent motor and sensory deficits due to the damage of ascending and descending fiber tracts. In addition, malfunctions such as neuropathic pain or muscle spasms develop in many patients, possibly caused by injury‐induced plastic changes of neuronal circuits above and below the lesion. New treatment strategies for spinal cord injury aim at enhancing plasticity and neurite growth, for example, by blocking the key neurite growth inhibitor Nogo‐A or its downstream effectors. It is therefore crucial to investigate potential effects of such treatments on malfunctions such as muscle spasms. In addition, locomotor training, now a standard therapeutic tool to improve walking ability in incomplete SCI subjects, can be expected to influence the rearrangement of spinal cord circuits and the development of muscle spasms and other malfunctions.