Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ethnographic study of incidence and severity of intravenous drug errors

Abstract Objectives: To determine the incidence and clinical importance of errors in the preparation and administration of intravenous drugs and the stages of the process in which errors occur. Design: Prospective ethnographic study using disguised observation. Participants: Nurses who prepared and administered intravenous drugs. Setting: 10 wards in a teaching and non-teaching hospital in the United Kingdom. Main outcome measures: Number, type, and clinical importance of errors. Results: 249 errors were identified. At least one error occurred in 212 out of 430 intravenous drug doses (49%, 95% confidence interval 45% to 54%). Three doses (1%) had potentially severe errors, 126 (29%) potentially moderate errors, and 83 (19%) potentially minor errors. Most errors occurred when giving bolus doses or making up drugs that required multiple step preparation. Conclusions: The rate of intravenous drug errors was high. Although most errors would cause only short term adverse effects, a few could have been serious. A combination of reducing the amount of preparation on the ward, training, and technology to administer slow bolus doses would probably have the greatest effect on error rates. What is already known on this topic Errors in preparing and administering intravenous drugs can cause considerable harm to patients Reduction of drug errors is a government health target in the United Kingdom and the United States What this study adds Errors occurred in about half of the intravenous drug doses observed Errors were potentially harmful in about a third of cases The most common errors were giving bolus doses too quickly and mistakes in preparing drugs that required multiple steps
Liver X Receptor Activation Reduces Angiogenesis by Impairing Lipid Raft Localization and Signaling of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2

Objective—Liver X receptors (LXR&agr;, LXR&bgr;) are master regulators of cholesterol homeostasis. In the endothelium, perturbations of cell cholesterol have an impact on fundamental processes. We, therefore, assessed the effects of LXR activation on endothelial functions related to angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Methods and Results—LXR agonists (T0901317, GW3965) blunted migration, tubulogenesis, and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. By affecting endothelial cholesterol homeostasis, LXR activation impaired the compartmentation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 in lipid rafts/caveolae and led to defective phosphorylation and downstream signaling of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 upon vascular endothelial growth factor-A stimulation. Consistently, the antiangiogenic actions of LXR agonists could be prevented by coadministration of exogenous cholesterol. LXR agonists reduced endothelial sprouting from wild-type but not from LXR&agr;−/−/LXR&bgr;−/− knockout aortas and blunted the vascularization of implanted angioreactors in vivo. Furthermore, T0901317 reduced the growth of Lewis lung carcinoma grafts in mice by impairing angiogenesis. Conclusion—Pharmacological activation of endothelial LXRs reduces angiogenesis by restraining cholesterol-dependent vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 compartmentation and signaling. Thus, administration of LXR agonists could exert therapeutic effects in pathological conditions characterized by uncontrolled angiogenesis.
Evolution of stable ecosystems in populations of digital organisms

Competition for resources has long been believed to be fundamental to the evolution of diversity. However, the difficulty of working with natural ecosystems has meant that this theory has rarely been tested. Here, we use the Avida experimental platform to demonstrate the evolution of ecosystems composed of digital organisms. We show that stable ecosystems are formed during evolution in an environment where organisms must compete for limiting resources. Stable coexistence was not observed in environments where resource levels were not limiting, suggesting that competition for resources was responsible for coexistence. To test this, we restarted populations evolved in the resource-limited environment but increased resource levels to be non-limiting. In this environment, ecosystems previously supporting multiple genotypes could maintain only a single genotype. These results demonstrate the utility of the Avida platform for addressing ecological questions and demonstrate its potential in addressing questions involving ecosystem-level processes.
Aspiring to the Superintendency in the Public School Systems: Women's Perspectives.

This paper presents findings of a study that investigated the reasons why more women are not in the superintendency when there are many women who are qualified and interested. Using a feminist poststructural approach, the first phase of the research consisted of a pilot case study of four women aspiring to the superintendency. The second phase involved interviews with 27 aspiring superintendents. A total of 68 announcement-of-vacancies brochures were also analyzed. Findings confirmed that the feminist-informed approaches to leadership are part of women's and other nontraditional leaders' styles, clarified the contexts within which a woman aspires to the superintendency, and demonstrated that gender is a major factor in preparation for the position. The women acted in a variety of ways to negotiate potentially inhibiting structures and strove to balance their professional and personal lives. Finally, they resisted discouragement in the face of difficulties. It is suggested. that practices be reformed in the following ways: include women and people of color among educational administration faculty; give equal weight to feminist perspectives in administration courses; provide equally authentic superintendent internships; value nontraditional approaches to the superintendency; and develop female networking systems. Contains 47 references. (LMI) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Aspiring to the Superintendency in the Public School Systems: Women's Perspectives Margaret Grogan Washington State University S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Ott.ce of Educational Research and improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOUR ICES INFORMATION CENTERERICI This document MIS been reproduced al recenred Iron, the ntr:CT: or organiZabOn originating . 1 C Mmor changes have been made to improve lePrOduction quality Points ot wow o opmtons staled in this docu. rnotot do not necessarily represent Official OE RI 00Siboo or poliCy -PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL. RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERICI. " Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association April 4-8, 1994 New Orleans, Louisiana.
Large Margin Winnow Methods for Text Categorization

ABSTRACT The SNoW (Sparse Network of Winnows) ar hite ture has re ently been su essful applied to a number of natural language pro essing (NLP) problems. In this paper, we propose large margin versions of the Winnow algorithms, whi h we argue an potentially enhan e the performan e of basi Winnows (and hen e the SNoW ar hite ture). We demonstrate that the resulting methods a hieve performan e omparable with support ve tor ma hines for text ategorization appliations. We also explain why both large margin Winnows and SVM an be suitable for NLP tasks.
Failure to Replicate Electronic Voice Phenomenon I

Electronic voice phenomenon (EVP) refers to the purported manifestation of voices of the dead and other discarnate entities through electronic means. This has typically involved tuning radios between stations and recording the output on audiotape, although more recently anomalous voices, visual images and text have purportedly been found using telephones, television sets and computers in a phenomenon known as instrumental transcommunication. Given the lack of documentation of EVP in mainstream scientific journals, a review of its history is given based on English language information found in psychical research and parapsychology periodicals and various trade publications and newsletters. An effort was made to replicate EVP by having research assistants simulate interaction with discarnate entities while taping the output from two radios tuned between stations onto audio cassettes. There were 81 sessions with an average of approximately 45 minutes per session for a total of about 60 hours and 11 minutes of recording. While there are some apparent voices and interesting noises upon playback, none of these is sufficiently distinctive to merit being considered anomalous. Some speculative reasons are given for the negative result although the possibility that there are no anomalous phenomena associated with EVP is offered as an explanation for consideration alongside the hypothesis that experimenters create EVP effects through anomalous human—machine interactions and an exosomatic theory of actual influence of electronic equipment by discarnate entities.
Voice Activity Detection Based on Harmonic Intensity under Complicated Noise Environment

The robustness of VAD(Voice Activity Detection) is crucial to the construction of the practical speech recognition system. Most means of VAD is done in laboratory-scale environment, it requires steady background noise and high Signal Noise Ratio(SNR). But in fact, these conditions above can’t be satisfied usually. To adapt the complicated noise environment, A new VAD algorithm is put forward based on voice harmonic intensity ,which serves as a basic feature of speech can be used to replace the traditional energy feature. Use harmonic intensity as an indicator, can demarcate rough position of the voice in noise, and then, using two-stage Wiener filter and traditional dual-threshold detection method, VAD can be carried out under noise environment and lay a good foundation for Robust Speech Recognition. The results of experiment under complicated noise environment show that VAD based on the harmonic intensity feature has higher accuracy and better resistance to noise than traditional methods.
Mill: an information management and retrieval method considering geographical location on ubiquitous environment

To leverage location-related information is useful to get an in-depth perspective on environmental circumstances, traffic situations and/or other problems. To handle the large number of information and queries communication devices issue, some scalable mechanism must be required. In this paper, we propose a peer-to-peer network system called "Mill" which can efficiently handle information related to the geographical location. To simplify the management of the location related information, we convert two dimensional coordinates into one dimensional circumference. Using this technique, Mill can search information by O(log N). Some DHT networks achieve the same performance. However, DHTs support only exact match lookups. The exact match is not suitable for searching information of a particular region. Mill provides an effective region search, by which users can search flexibly location-related information from small regions to large regions
On the Atomic Anisotropy of Thermal Expansion in Bulk Metallic Glass

Glass transition temperature and plastic yield strength are known to be correlated in metallic glasses. We have observed by in situ synchrotron high energy X‐ray diffraction anisotropy of the thermal expansion behavior in the nearest neighbor and second nearest neighbor atomic distances in the building blocks of ZrCuNiAl based bulk metallic glass, leading inevitably to shear. Mechanical yielding of the latter on the atomic scale leads to the glass transition and the increase of the free volume. These experimental results uncover the mechanism, how glass transition and yield strength are linked.
Memory efficient modeling of polyphone context with weighted finite-state transducers

In earlier work, we derived a transducer HC that translates from sequences of Gaussian mixture models directly to phone sequences. The HC transducer was statically expanded then determinized and minimized. In this work, we present a refinement of the previous algorithm whereby the initial HC transducer is incrementally expanded and immediately determinized. This technique avoids the need for a full expansion of the initial HC, and thereby reduces the random access memory required to produce the determinized HC by a factor of more than five. With the incremental algorithm, we were able to construct HC for a semi-continuous acoustic model with 16,000 distributions which reduced the word error rate from 34.1% to 32.9% with respect to a fully-continuous system with 4,000 distributions on the lecture meeting portion of the NIST RT05 data.
Back to the Future: Benetton Transforms Its Global Network

During the 1980s, everybody marveled at Benetton, the Italian casual-wear company with a penchant for provocative advertising. The archetypal network organization, it used subcontractors and independent agents for production processes, distribution and retail. But recognizing that times change, Benetton decided on a new approach ? in advance of external pressures. Without giving up the strongest aspects of its networked model, it is integrating and centralizing, instituting direct control over key processes throughout the supply chain. The company also is diversifying into sportswear, sports equipment and communications. Vertical integration has meant establishing state-of-the-art production poles in Benetton's foreign locations. The Castrette pole, near its headquarters, decides what each of the foreign poles should produce (on the basis of the skills and experience of the local population), and the foreign poles contract out production tasks. Benetton also has increased its upstream vertical integration to exercise greater control over its supply of textiles and thread. At the retail end, the company is supplementing its network of small, independently owned shops with large, directly controlled megastores. To stay ahead of fashion's ever-changing whims, Benetton is streamlining its brands and collections, supplementing two basic collections with smaller, flash collections. In its recently acquired sports businesses, Benetton has invested in high-tech systems for designing sports equipment and has brought together designers from around the world for creative cross-fertilization. It has also reorganized its production processes and improved its retail network by establishing Benetton "corners" in the large sports shops of major distribution chains. In the field of communications, Benetton's Fabrica workshop has produced award-winning films, and its new company, United Web, hopes to take advantage of the possibilities of e-commerce. Benetton knows that innovative businesses must pay attention to how knowledge is divided among producers, suppliers and retailers. Its new directions represent a major discontinuity from its past and divergence from industry practices.
Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Quadratic Optimization

The localization problem in a wireless sensor network is to determine the coordination of sensor nodes using the known positions of some nodes (called anchors) and corresponding noisy distance measurements. There is a variety of different approaches to solve this problem such as semi-definite programming (SDP) based, sum of squares and second order cone programming, and between them, SDP-based approaches have shown good performance. In recent years, the primary SDP approach has been investigated and a variety of approaches are proposed in order to enhance its performance. In SDP approaches, errors in approximating the given distances are minimized as an objective function. It is desirable that the distribution of error in these problems would be a delta distribution, which is practically impossible. Therefore, we may approximate delta distribution by Gaussian distribution with very small variance. In this paper, we define a new objective function which makes the error distribution as similar as possible to a Gaussian distribution with a very small variance. Simulation results show that our proposed method has higher accuracy compared to the traditional SDP approach and other prevalent objective functions which are used such as least squares. Our method is also faster than other popular approaches which try to improve the accuracy of the primary SDP approach.
Polynomial fuzzy control of a wheeled mobile robot with control input saturation

This paper proposes the design of polynomial fuzzy controllers for the path tracking of a wheeled mobile robot (WMR) with control input saturation. The authors use polynomial Lyapunov approach to analyze and derive the stability conditions of the polynomial fuzzy system with constraints on control input, which is more relaxed than linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach to T-S fuzzy modeling and control. The constraint conditions are represented in terms of sum of squares (SOS) of the polynomial fuzzy systems and can be numerically solved via the recent developed SOSTOOLS. According to the sum of squares approach, the parallel distributed compensation (PDC) controller is obtained to track the state trajectory of a reference model. Last, computer simulations demonstrate the advantages and limitations.
In‐Network Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks

Introduction 1 Motivation and Description of Data Aggregation 2 Other Types of In-Network Processing 3 Modeling In-Network Data Aggregation In WSNS 4 Tree-Based In-Network Data Aggregation 4 Cluster-Based, In-Network Data Aggregation 5 Application-Specifi c, In-Network Data Aggregation 5 Structure-Free, In-Network Data Aggregation 6 The Impact of Data Aggregation on Data Latency 6 Time Synchronization for In-Network Data Aggregation 6 Modeling the Delay-Constrained Data-Aggregation Problem 6 Aggregation Delay and Network Topology 7 The Impact Of Data Aggregation On Data Accuracy 8 Determination of Waiting Times 8 Accuracy at the Link Layer 10 Security-Aware Data Aggregation 10 Data Aggregation under Compromised Sensors 10 Aggregation of Encrypted Data 12 Conclusion 13 Glossary 14 Cross References 14 References 14
Temporal Analysis of the Honey Bee Microbiome Reveals Four Novel Viruses and Seasonal Prevalence of Known Viruses, Nosema, and Crithidia

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) play a critical role in global food production as pollinators of numerous crops. Recently, honey bee populations in the United States, Canada, and Europe have suffered an unexplained increase in annual losses due to a phenomenon known as Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD). Epidemiological analysis of CCD is confounded by a relative dearth of bee pathogen field studies. To identify what constitutes an abnormal pathophysiological condition in a honey bee colony, it is critical to have characterized the spectrum of exogenous infectious agents in healthy hives over time. We conducted a prospective study of a large scale migratory bee keeping operation using high-frequency sampling paired with comprehensive molecular detection methods, including a custom microarray, qPCR, and ultra deep sequencing. We established seasonal incidence and abundance of known viruses, Nosema sp. , Crithidia mellificae, and bacteria. Ultra deep sequence analysis further identified four novel RNA viruses, two of which were the most abundant observed components of the honey bee microbiome (∼1011 viruses per honey bee). Our results demonstrate episodic viral incidence and distinct pathogen patterns between summer and winter time-points. Peak infection of common honey bee viruses and Nosema occurred in the summer, whereas levels of the trypanosomatid Crithidia mellificae and Lake Sinai virus 2, a novel virus, peaked in January.
Motion Tracking for Dynamic Analysis of Jumping and Flying Robots

The development of small, active robots is built around an iterative process of design, modeling, an d verification. Accurate knowledge of vehicle position and velocity is crucial to verification, and so is essential for closing the l oop of this iterative process. In this paper we present a meth od for detecting robust fiducials from a video of a robot moving in the image plane. We combine image processing techniques with an understanding of basic physical principles to first identify approximate robot location and then discover the mo st robust fiducial visible for at least 90% of the video. Keywords—robotics; MAVs; motion tracking; dynamics
Host galaxy evolution in radio-loud AGN

Abstract We investigate the luminosity evolution of the host galaxies of radio-loud AGN through Hubble Space Telescope imaging of 72 BL Lac objects. This sample has enabled us to avoid the biases implicit in quasar studies. We find that the host galaxies of BL Lacs evolve strongly, consistent with that observed in the hosts of other radio-loud AGN, and inconsistent with the flatter luminosity evolution of quiescent early types and radio-quiet hosts. This indicates that active star formation, and hence galaxy interactions, are associated with the formation of radio-loud central engines, and that these host galaxies preferentially accrete less material after their formation epoch than galaxies without powerful radio jets.
Learning by doing - the German and French reforms on child care policies - examples for policy learning? 1

1. FRENCH AND GERMAN POLICIES TO RECONCILE PAID AND UNPAID WORK 2 1.1 Child Care Leave Schemes 3 1.2 Balancing paid and unpaid work with the help of working time policies 5 1.3 Social Security and Child Care 7 1.4 Public and private child care provision 12
Face Recognition Using RBF Kernel Based Support Vector Machine

(SVMs) have been recently proposed as a new technique for pattern recognition. In this paper, the SVMs with a binary tree recognition strategy are used to tackle the face recognition problem. We illustrate the potential of SVMs on the ORL face database, Georgiatech face database, and personally prepared database, containing quite a high degree of variability in expression, pose, and facial details. We compare the performance of RBF kernel based SVM with SVMs based on other kernel functions for face recognition. Comparison is also performed on different available techniques of developing multiclass SVMs.
So You Want to Take Over a Botnet

Computer criminals regularly construct large distributed attack networks comprised of many thousands of compromised computers around the globe. Once constituted, these attack networks are used to perform computer crimes, creating yet other sets of victims of secondary computer crimes, such as denial of service attacks, spam delivery, theft of personal and financial information for performing fraud, exfiltration of proprietary information for competitive advantage (industrial espionage), etc. The arms race between criminal actors who create and operate botnets and the computer security industry and research community who are actively trying to take these botnets down is escalating in aggressiveness. As the sophistication level of botnet engineering and operations increases, so does the demand on reverse engineering, understanding weaknesses in design that can be exploited on the defensive (or counter-offensive) side, and the possibility that actions to take down or eradicate the botnet may cause unintended consequences.