Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Approximation approach for timing jitter characterization in circuit simulators

A new computational concept of timing jitter is proposed that is suitable for exploitation in circuit simulators. It is based on the approximation of computed noise characteristics. To define jitter value the parameter representation is used. The desired parameters are obtained after noise simulation process in time domain by minimization of integral residual L/sub 2/-norm. The approach is illustrated by examples of jitter computation using spice-like simulator.
A Virosomal Malaria Peptide Vaccine Elicits a Long-Lasting Sporozoite-Inhibitory Antibody Response in a Phase 1a Clinical Trial

Objectives Peptides delivered on the surface of influenza virosomes have been shown to induce solid humoral immune responses in experimental animals. High titers of peptide-specific antibodies were also induced in a phase 1a clinical trial in volunteers immunized with virosomal formulations of two peptides derived from the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and the apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) of Plasmodium falciparum. The main objective of this study was to perform a detailed immunological and functional analysis of the CSP-specific antibodies elicited in this phase 1a trial. Methodology/Principal Findings 46 healthy malaria-naïve adults were immunized with virosomal formulations of two peptide-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugates, one derived from the NANP repeat region of P. falciparum CSP (designated UK-39) the other from P. falciparum AMA-1 (designated AMA49-C1). The two antigens were delivered in two different concentrations, alone and in combination. One group was immunized with empty virosomes as control. In this report we show a detailed analysis of the antibody response against UK-39. Three vaccinations with a 10 µg dose of UK-39 induced high titers of sporozoite-binding antibodies in all volunteers. This IgG response was affinity maturated and long-lived. Co-administration of UK-39 and AMA49-C1 loaded virosomes did not interfere with the immunogenicity of UK-39. Purified total IgG from UK-39 immunized volunteers inhibited sporozoite migration and invasion of hepatocytes in vitro. Sporozoite inhibition closely correlated with titers measured in immunogenicity assays. Conclusions Virosomal delivery of a short, conformationally constrained peptide derived from P. falciparum CSP induced a long-lived parasite-inhibitory antibody response in humans. Combination with a second virosomally-formulated peptide derived from P. falciparum AMA-1 did not interfere with the immunogenicity of either peptide, demonstrating the potential of influenza virosomes as a versatile, human-compatible antigen delivery platform for the development of multivalent subunit vaccines. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00400101
A model for shape memory alloys with the possibility of voids

The paper is devoted to the study of a mathematical model for the thermomechanical evolution of metallic shape memory alloys. The main novelty of our approach consists in the fact that we include the possibility for these materials to exhibit voids during the phase change process. Indeed, in the engineering paper (60) has been recently proved that voids may appear when the mixture is produced by the aggregations of powder. Hence, the composition of the mixture varies (under either thermal or mechanical actions) in this way: the martensites and the austenite transform into one another whereas the voids volume fraction evolves. The first goal of this contribution is hence to state a PDE system capturing all these modelling aspects in order then to establish the well-posedness of the associated initial-boundary value problem. 1. Introduction. Shape memory alloys are mixtures of many martensites variants and of austenite. They exhibit an unusual behavior: even if they are permanently deformed, they can totally recover their initial shape just by thermal or mechanical means. There may be voids in the mixture, which may appear when the mixture is produced by the aggregations of powders, as it has been recently proved in the engineering paper (60). Of course, the voids are filled either with gas or air when appearing or when aggregating powders. We do not take into account the gas phase mechanical properties (which are mainly described in terms of pressure and temperature) because we focus on the mechanical behaviour of the solid mixture, i.e., we assume the volume fraction of voids is small. The composition of the mixture varies: the martensites and the austenite transform into one another whereas the voids volume fraction evolves. These phase changes can be produced either by thermal actions or by mechanical actions. The striking properties of shape memory alloys result from interactions between mechanical and thermal actions (cf., e.g., (9, 42)). We assume that the phases can coexist at each point and we suppose that, besides austenite, only two martensitic variants are present. However, this choice provides a sufficiently good description of the phenomenon, as we want describe a macroscopic predictive theory which can be used for engineering purposes. The
Bimanual Movement Control: Information processing and Interaction Effects

Three experiments were designed to investigate the underlying processes in bimanual control. With one hand alone, or with both simultaneously, subjects moved styli from the midline of the body to lateral targets as quickly and accurately as possible. The distance moved and the weight of the styli were varied. Results of reaction time, movement time, and kinematic trajectory analyses question the conclusions of Kelso, Southard and Goodman (1979) regarding the synchronicity of movement of the two limbs. Temporal parameters for the two limbs indicated marked departures from synchronicity, and there was evidence for a left–right asymmetry. The dependent variables of movement time and constant error indicated that there was interaction between the two limbs. The results are discussed in terms of three postulated processes underlying bimanual movement: limb selection (one or two), specification of movement locations and the specification of movement intensities.
Rule Extraction from Opaque Models-- A Slightly Different Perspective

When performing predictive modeling, the key criterion is always accuracy. With this in mind, complex techniques like neural networks or ensembles are normally used, resulting in opaque models impossible to interpret. When models need to be comprehensible, accuracy is often sacrificed by using simpler techniques directly producing transparent models; a tradeoff termed the accuracy vs. comprehensibility tradeoff. In order to reduce this tradeoff, the opaque model can be transformed into another, interpretable, model; an activity termed rule extraction. In this paper, it is argued that rule extraction algorithms should gain from using oracle data; i.e. test set instances, together with corresponding predictions from the opaque model. The experiments, using 17 publicly available data sets, clearly show that rules extracted using only oracle data were significantly more accurate than both rules extracted by the same algorithm, using training data, and standard decision tree algorithms. In addition, the same rules were also significantly more compact; thus providing better comprehensibility. The overall implication is that rules extracted in this fashion explain the predictions made on novel data better than rules extracted in the standard way; i.e. using training data only
Blood glucose levels and food intake in the domestic chicken.

Synopsis Hyperglycemia was produced in female Brown Leghorn fowls by oral or intravenous injection of glucose solutions, at high and low levels of feeding motivation. A significant effect on food intake during a subsequent 15‐min test period was found only for the oral/low‐motivation condition. This may have been due to the osmotic effect of the solution on the gut rather than a true lowering of feeding motivation. It is unlikely that feeding motivation is directly related to blood glucose levels.
Virtual-Reality-Based Instrument Development in a Virtual Vehicle Simulation System

Virtual reality (VR) has been causing much concern in various industrial fields, and its applications are widening rapidly. This paper discusses the application of virtual reality in the field of instrument development, and the basic idea is to develop instruments in a virtual development environment generated by computer, with appropriate supports of computer hardware and software, and some essential VR peripherals. The users and developers can preview and interact with the instrument under design, thus making the design more sound an acceptable to both parties. The basic idea, principle and flowchart of the instrument development system is discussed, and a prototype example is given to show the initial effect of the approach when used in a virtual vehicle simulation system. The application of VR in instrument development can greatly enhance the efficiency and flexibility of the instrument development systems. The conclusion is that VR can play a very active and important role in the field of instrument development.
Selection of binding targets in parasites using phage-display and aptamer libraries in vivo and in vitro

Parasite infections are largely dependent on interactions between pathogen and different host cell populations to guarantee a successful infectious process. This is particularly true for obligatory intracellular parasites as Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, and Leishmania, to name a few. Adhesion to and entry into the cell are essential steps requiring specific parasite and host cell molecules. The large amount of possible involved molecules poses additional difficulties for their identification by the classical biochemical approaches. In this respect, the search for alternative techniques should be pursued. Among them two powerful methodologies can be employed, both relying upon the construction of highly diverse combinatorial libraries of peptides or oligonucleotides that randomly bind with high affinity to targets on the cell surface and are selectively displaced by putative ligands. These are, respectively, the peptide-based phage display and the oligonucleotide-based aptamer techniques. The phage display technique has been extensively employed for the identification of novel ligands in vitro and in vivo in different areas such as cancer, vaccine development, and epitope mapping. Particularly, phage display has been employed in the investigation of pathogen–host interactions. Although this methodology has been used for some parasites with encouraging results, in trypanosomatids its use is, as yet, scanty. RNA and DNA aptamers, developed by the SELEX process (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment), were described over two decades ago and since then contributed to a large number of structured nucleic acids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes or for the understanding of the cell biology. Similarly to the phage display technique scarce use of the SELEX process has been used in the probing of parasite–host interaction. In this review, an overall survey on the use of both phage display and aptamer technologies in different pathogenic organisms will be discussed. Using these techniques, recent results on the interaction of Trypanosoma cruzi with the host will be highlighted focusing on members of the 85 kDa protein family, a subset of the gp85/TS superfamily.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae 3 Years after Start of Vaccination Program , the Netherlands Spijkerman

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A Comparative Study on Hybrid IT Project Managment Using Traditional Project Management and Agile Approach

—Traditional Project Management Methodologies (TPMM) aim to prevent change by extensively planning and documenting as much as possible before the system is developed while change is inevitable and that it is not to be avoided. Additionally, Traditional Project Management rely more on processes, sequential software development, like waterfall. Consequently, there is a demand for system development methodologies and project management methodologies with the ability to adapt to a changing project and business environment. The aim of this study is to investigate hybrid IT project management that flexibly combining the traditional and the agile method; it emphasizes on two method of blending Scrum, an agile method, into traditional plan-driven project development and management such as waterfall or into structured and widely accepted project management methodologies such as Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK). A comparison is then done of the two selected different hybrid methods.
Ownership and the Internationalization of Small Firms

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in international markets. This study argues that the ownership structures of SMEs influence their proclivity to take risks and expand the scale and scope of their internationalization efforts. Data from 889 Swedish SMEs reveal that internal owners (CEOs and other senior executives) tend to be risk averse and have a lower proclivity to increase scale and scope of internationalization than external owners (venture capitalists and institutional investors). The results provide interesting insights into the behavioral change of executives regarding the scale and scope of internationalization in the presence of external ownership.
Renaturation of Escherichia coli tryptophanase after exposure to 8 M urea. Evidence for the existence of nucleation centers.

The renaturation of Escherichia coli K 12 tryptophanase after treatment with 8 M urea has been studied. It is shown that, during the renaturation process, an inactive as well as an active form of the protein can be obtained. The influence on the relative amounts of these two forms of factors such as temperature, the presence of the coenzyme, the protein concentration and the conditions for removal of urea has been investigated. The results obtained indicate that the inactive form is characterized by incorrect quaternary interactions occurring specifically between tryptophanase protomers. These findings are discussed in the general frame of the mechanism of protein folding, and are taken as an evidence for the existence of nucleation centers in the folding of tryptophanase.
Pathophysiology of human heart failure: importance of skeletal muscle myopathy and reflexes

What is the topic of this review? This article reviews the role played by reflexes arising from muscle metaboreceptors in the pathophysiology of exercise intolerance in chronic heart failure (CHF). These receptors trigger the metaboreflex, which is likely to play an important role in the genesis of exercise intolerance in CHF. What advances does it highlight? This article highlights that, in CHF, the target blood pressure response during muscle metaboreflex activation is achieved mainly by vasoconstriction, whereas in healthy individuals the main mechanism is an increase in cardiac output.
Yeast Two-Hybrid, a Powerful Tool for Systems Biology

A key property of complex biological systems is the presence of interaction networks formed by its different components, primarily proteins. These are crucial for all levels of cellular function, including architecture, metabolism and signalling, as well as the availability of cellular energy. Very stable, but also rather transient and dynamic protein-protein interactions generate new system properties at the level of multiprotein complexes, cellular compartments or the entire cell. Thus, interactomics is expected to largely contribute to emerging fields like systems biology or systems bioenergetics. The more recent technological development of high-throughput methods for interactomics research will dramatically increase our knowledge of protein interaction networks. The two most frequently used methods are yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening, a well established genetic in vivo approach, and affinity purification of complexes followed by mass spectrometry analysis, an emerging biochemical in vitro technique. So far, a majority of published interactions have been detected using an Y2H screen. However, with the massive application of this method, also some limitations have become apparent. This review provides an overview on available yeast two-hybrid methods, in particular focusing on more recent approaches. These allow detection of protein interactions in their native environment, as e.g. in the cytosol or bound to a membrane, by using cytosolic signalling cascades or split protein constructs. Strengths and weaknesses of these genetic methods are discussed and some guidelines for verification of detected protein-protein interactions are provided.
The Grand Challenges in Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage

1 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA 2 Energy Center and Laboratory of Molecular Simulation, Institut des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland 3 Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA 4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA *Correspondence: berend-smit@berkeley.edu
The Exact Multiplicative Complexity of the Hamming Weight Function

AbstractWe consider the problem of computing the Hamming weight of an n-bitvector using a circuit with gates for addition and multiplication modulo 2 (al-ternatively, XOR and conjunction gates) only. The number of multiplicationsnecessary and suﬃcient to build such a circuit is called the “multiplicativecomplexity” of the Hamming weight function, and is denoted by c ∧ (H n ). Weprove c ∧ (H n ) = n−H N (n) where H N (n) is the Hamming weight of the binaryrepresentation of n. 1 Introduction The multiplicative complexity c ∧ (f) of a Boolean function f is the number of con-junctions necessary and suﬃcient to implement a circuit which computes f over thebasis (∧,⊕,1) (alternatively, the number of multiplications necessary and suﬃcientto calculate a function over GF 2 via a straight-line program). Let→H(x) denote the ∗ Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark. Partiallysupported by the Future and Emerging Technologies programme of the EU under contract numberIST-1999-14186 (ALCOM-FT), and by the Danish Natural Science Research Council (SNF).
The Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association's Standards of Care for Gender Identity Disorders, Sixth Version

Committee Members: Walter Meyer III M.D. (Chairperson), Walter O. Bockting Ph.D., Peggy Cohen-Kettenis Ph.D., Eli Coleman Ph.D., Domenico DiCeglie M.D., Holly Devor Ph.D., Louis Gooren M.D., Ph.D., J. Joris Hage M.D., Sheila Kirk M.D., Bram Kuiper Ph.D., Donald Laub M.D., Anne Lawrence M.D., Yvon Menard M.D., Stan Monstrey M.D., Jude Patton PA-C, Leah Schaefer Ed.D. , Alice Webb D.H. S. , Connie Christine Wheeler Ph.D.
A Systems-Genetics Approach and Data Mining Tool to Assist in the Discovery of Genes Underlying Complex Traits in Oryza sativa

Many traits of biological and agronomic significance in plants are controlled in a complex manner where multiple genes and environmental signals affect the expression of the phenotype. In Oryza sativa (rice), thousands of quantitative genetic signals have been mapped to the rice genome. In parallel, thousands of gene expression profiles have been generated across many experimental conditions. Through the discovery of networks with real gene co-expression relationships, it is possible to identify co-localized genetic and gene expression signals that implicate complex genotype-phenotype relationships. In this work, we used a knowledge-independent, systems genetics approach, to discover a high-quality set of co-expression networks, termed Gene Interaction Layers (GILs). Twenty-two GILs were constructed from 1,306 Affymetrix microarray rice expression profiles that were pre-clustered to allow for improved capture of gene co-expression relationships. Functional genomic and genetic data, including over 8,000 QTLs and 766 phenotype-tagged SNPs (p-value < = 0.001) from genome-wide association studies, both covering over 230 different rice traits were integrated with the GILs. An online systems genetics data-mining resource, the GeneNet Engine, was constructed to enable dynamic discovery of gene sets (i.e. network modules) that overlap with genetic traits. GeneNet Engine does not provide the exact set of genes underlying a given complex trait, but through the evidence of gene-marker correspondence, co-expression, and functional enrichment, site visitors can identify genes with potential shared causality for a trait which could then be used for experimental validation. A set of 2 million SNPs was incorporated into the database and serve as a potential set of testable biomarkers for genes in modules that overlap with genetic traits. Herein, we describe two modules found using GeneNet Engine, one with significant overlap with the trait amylose content and another with significant overlap with blast disease resistance.
An Analysis and Evaluation of Educator Selected Data Collection Procedures in Actual School Settings

The present research evaluates the type of data collection procedures that teachers/paraprofessionals, enrolled in service program to train special education teachers, are likely to employ in their respective classrooms. The participants were 69 educators enrolled in a three-year field based program designed to train and endorse special education teachers in the state of Washington. The teachers were instructed in the various types of behavioral measurement and data collection procedures employed in the classroom. Data were collected from 138 individual classroom research projects. A slight majority (52.8%) of participants gathered observational data, while 47.2% of the students collected permanent product data. The type of observational data collection systems that the participants employed varied. Random time sampling was employed in a majority (85.6%) of the cases, frequency recording was chosen by eight participants and time sampling by only three participants None of the participants chose interval r.