Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topography of the long- to middle-wavelength sensitive cone ratio in the human retina assessed with a wide-field color multifocal electroretinogram

The topographical distribution of relative sensitivity to red and green lights across the retina was assayed using a custom-made wide-field color multifocal electroretinogram apparatus. There were increases in the relative sensitivity to red compared to green light in the periphery that correlate with observed increases in the relative amount of long (L) compared to middle (M) wavelength sensitive opsin mRNA. These results provide electrophysiological evidence that there is a dramatic increase in the ratio of L to M cones in the far periphery of the human retina. The central to far peripheral homogeneity in cone proportions has implications for understanding the developmental mechanisms that determine the identity of a cone as L or M and for understanding the circuitry for color vision in the peripheral retina.
Effect of storage on chemical and sensory profiles of peanut pastes prepared with high-oleic and normal peanuts.

BACKGROUND Peanut paste and peanut butter have high oil contents and are thus susceptible to developing rancidity and off-flavours through lipid oxidation. Preservation of the chemical and sensory quality of these products is one of the main problems in the peanut industry. The purpose of this study was to compare the chemical and sensory stability of peanut paste prepared with high-oleic peanuts (cv. Granoleico, GO-P) with that of peanut paste prepared with normal peanuts (cv. Tegua, T-P) from Argentina. RESULTS Chemical (peroxide and p-anisidine values and conjugated dienes) and sensory (roasted peanutty, oxidised and cardboard flavours) indicators of lipid oxidation were measured in peanut pastes stored at 4, 23 and 40 °C. Chemical indicator values and oxidised and cardboard flavours showed lower increments in GO-P than in T-P during storage. T-P had significantly higher peroxide value than GO-P. Roasted peanutty flavour showed a lower decrease in GO-P. Peanut paste prepared with high-oleic peanuts had four (at 4 °C), two (at 23 °C) and three (at 40 °C) times longer shelf-life than peanut paste prepared with normal peanuts. CONCLUSION These results indicate that high-oleic Granoleico kernels provide peanut paste with higher protection against lipid oxidation.
Aluminide formation on Alloy 800 by plasma spraying and heat treatment

ABSTRACT Specimens of Fe–Ni–Cr based Alloy 800 were subjected to atmospheric plasma spraying using aluminum powder. Quantitative microscopic analysis of as-sprayed specimen revealed formation of aluminum-rich oxygen-containing layer (∼100 µm) on the uppermost surface, while adjoining layer (∼25 µm) comprising oxygen-rich Fe–Ni–Cr–Al-containing phase. Microscopy with quantitative analysis of as-sprayed + heat-treated (at 1273 K) substrate revealed formation of FeAl type layer (∼80 µm) on the uppermost surface with an Al-rich intermediate layer (∼25 µm) adjacent to substrate. Knoop hardness number was obtained as 764 (±20), 477 (±10), and 210 (±10) for FeAl layer, Al-rich intermediate layer, and substrate, respectively. During scratch tests at 2, 4, and 6 N loads, friction coefficient for the aluminides was recorded in the range of ∼0.05–0.15, while that was ∼0.18 for the substrate. Scratched surfaces at 2 and 4 N load tests revealed neither cracking nor peeling off at aluminides or interfaces indicating good adherence, whereas cracking occurred at aluminides during 6 N load test. Penetration depths for the aluminides were recorded as lower than that of the substrate during the scratch tests. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on thermally oxidized FeAl layer revealed formation of Al2O3 type oxide on the surface.
Effect of Different Biochars on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat on Different Soils

Effects of two types of biochars from wheat straw (SB) and hard miscellaneous woods (WB), combined with two types of soils on the growth and yield of wheat were evaluated to identify biochar addition to suitable soils on crop yield for accelerating biochar application. Plant growth variables and yields were studied in order to assess the agronomic efficiency of biochar. Our results showed that both biochar additions to an alkaline soil had little or negative effect on plant growth and wheat yield. However, to neutral soil, addition of both biochars could improve plant growth and increase significantly the wheat yield. There were significant differences on effective spikelet, number of seeds, above ground biomass and no significant differences on total spikelet, TKW among different treatments which SB was applied in neutral soil, whereas there were no significant differences on any aforementioned index at application of WB in neutral soil. Further analysis indicated that effect of SB on yield was better than that of WB, and 6% SB and 2% WB were the best for neutral soil respectively.
A Recognition Method of Pedestrians’ Running in the Red Light Based on Image

It is dangerous for pedestrians to run when the traffic shows a red light, but in some cases the pedestrians are breaking the rules. This system will be a meaningful thing if the jaywalking behaviors of pedestrians in the road crossing through the monitoring cameras could be recognized. Then drivers can be informed of the situations in advance, and they can take some actions to avoid an accident. The characteristic behavior is the non-construction, and furthermore, due to the change of sunlight, temperature, and weather in the outside environment, and the shaking of cameras themselves, the background images will change as time goes by, which will bring special difficulties in recognizing jaywalking behaviors. In this paper, the method of adaptive background model of mixture Gaussian is used to extract the moving objects in the video. On the base of Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG), the pedestrians images and car images from MIT Library are used to train our monitoring system by SVM classifier, and identify the pedestrians in the video. Then, the color histogram, position information and the movement of pedestrians are selected to track them. After that we can identify whether the pedestrians are running in the red lights or not, according to the transportation signals and allocated walking areas. The experiments are implemented to show that the proposed method is effective.
Defect Characterization of PEALD High-k ZrO2 Films Fabricated on III–V Materials

To enable scalable MOSFET technology in III-V semiconductor platforms, high quality semiconductor-oxide interfaces are essential. In this paper, a novel low-temperature plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) technique was applied to deposit nanoscale high-k dielectrics on several III-V substrates, including InP, GaAs, InAs, and GaN. Approximately 7 nm of ZrO2 was grown and patterned to form MOSCAP structures, which were subsequently analyzed through electrical characterization to evaluate dielectric and interface quality. The oxide films fabricated were found to have interface trap densities ranging from 1010 - 1013 eV-1cm-2, and showed high capacitance densities (~ 2.5 μF/cm2). GaN and InP MOSCAPs with ZrO2 dielectric layers were found to have gate currents in line with direct tunneling phenomena and MOS mobilities approaching that of doped bulk semiconductors. Scaled InP MOSFET devices using these experimental values were also simulated using an optimized device structure.
Cascade multiterminal source coding

We investigate distributed source coding of two correlated sources X and Y where messages are passed to a decoder in a cascade fashion. The encoder of X sends a message at rate R1 to the encoder of Y. The encoder of Y then sends a message to the decoder at rate R2 based both on Y and on the message it received about X. The decoder's task is to estimate a function of X and Y. For example, we consider the minimum mean squared-error distortion when encoding the sum of jointly Gaussian random variables under these constraints. We also characterize the rates needed to reconstruct a function of X and Y losslessly. Our general contribution toward understanding the limits of the cascade multiterminal source coding network is in the form of inner and outer bounds on the achievable rate region for satisfying a distortion constraint for an arbitrary distortion function d(x, y, z). The inner bound makes use of a balance between two encoding tactics—relaying the information about X and recompressing the information about X jointly with Y. In the Gaussian case, a threshold is discovered for identifying which of the two extreme strategies optimizes the inner bound. Relaying outperforms recompressing the sum at the relay for some rate pairs if the variance of X is greater than the variance of Y.
Data Reliability and Its Effects on Automatic Abstracting

We discuss a particular approach to automatic abstracting, where an abstract is created by extracting hnportant sentences from a text. A primary purpose of the paper is to demonstrate that the reliability of human supplied annotations on corpora has crucial effects on how well an automatic abstracting system performs. The corpus is developed through human judgements on possible s~,mmary sentences in a text. The reliability of human judgements is evaluated by the kappa statistic, a reliability metric standardly used in behavioral sciences. The C4.5 decision tree method (Quinlan, 1993) is used to build a extraction model. We demonstrate that there is a positive correlation of data reliability with a performance of automatic abstracting, and show results indicating that the reliability of human provided data is crucial for improving the performance of automatic abstracting.
Strategies for Controlling Bulk Heterojunction Morphology

Organic photovoltaic devices have been extensively studied as a means to produce sustainable energy. However, the performance of organic-photovoltaic (OPV) devices is dependent upon a number of factors including the morphology of the active layer, device architecture, and processing conditions. Recent research has indicated that fullerenes in the bulk heterojunction are entropically driven to the silicon and air interfaces upon crystallization of P3HT, which occurs during thermal annealing. The first chapter of this research focuses on investigating the structure and function of endtethered poly(3-hexylthiophene) chains to a transparent electrode as an anode buffer layer. Neutron reflectivity reveals that these P3HT brush layers have severe effects on the vertical distribution of PCBM across the depth of the BHJ films, the extent of which depends on the grafting density of the P3HT brush layer. These results are confirmed by energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy measurements. Another emerging trend in the advancement of OPVs is through the addition of a third component to impose morphological or electronic benefits to BHJ-based devices. In Chapter 3 of this dissertation, three different low MW P3HTs are incorporated into BHJ films as additives to reveal fundamental aspects of their behavior as a function of size and loading level. The best performing loading levels for each additive are found to be inversely proportional to the MW of the P3HT additive and appear to be driven by a coarsening of BHJ film morphology. The incorporation of porphyrin-based additives into BHJ OPV devices has been an emerging trend in recent years due to their strong solar absorption and π − π
Automatic Detection of the Optic Disc of the Retina: A Fast Method

Localizing the optic disc (OD) in retinal fundus images is of critical importance and many techniques have been developed for OD detection. In this paper, we present the results obtained from two fast methods, correlation and least square, to approximate the location of optic cup. These methods are simple and are not complex, while most of the OD detection algorithms are. The methods were tested on two groups of data (a total of 100 color fundus images) and were 98% successful in the detection of the optic cup. An algorithm using the vessel mask of fundus images is proposed to be run after correlation to ensure that the localization of OD in all images is successful. It was tested on 40 of the test images and had a 100% rate of success.
Interest-Matching Comparisons using CP-nets

The formation of internet-based social networks has revived research on traditional social network models as well as interest-matching, or match-making, systems. In order to automate or augment the process of interest-matching, we describe a method for the comparison of preference orderings represented by CP-nets, which allows one to determine a shared interest level between agents. Empirical results suggest that this distance measure for preference orderings agrees with the intuitive assessment of shared interest levels.
THE POTENTIAL OF COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA) AS BIOREMEDIATION TOOL OF HEAVY METALS CONTAMINATED SOIL

An investigation of the potential of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) as a bioremediator was performed to define how it can remove Cr, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cd and Fe in contaminated soil. 3kg of soil samples were separately contaminated with solutions of 2g of FeSO 4 , CdCO 3 and 2g of Zn, Mn, Pb, and Cr metals dissolved in nitric acid, Cowpea seeds were planted into the contaminated soil in polythene bags which were perforated for aeration and watered frequently alongside the control sample. After 14, 28 and 42 days, the plant and soil samples were collected and analyzed by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The concentration of Fe in cowpea plant was found to be the highest after 14 days and 28 days (7.570 ± 0.04 mgkg -1 , 12.65 ± 0.03 mgkg -1 ) while amount of Cd was the least (0.345 ± 0.01 mgkg -1 , 0.73 ± 0.01 mgkg -1 and 0.928 ± 0.02 mgkg -1 ). This investigation shows that Cowpea plant bioaccumulated Fe more and Cd was less bioaccumulated.
Dynamic Slicing of Aspect-Oriented Programs

Program slicing is a decomposition technique which has many applications in various software engineering activities such as program debugging, testing, maintenance etc. Aspect-oriented programming (AOP) is a new programming paradigm that enables modular implementation of cross-cutting concerns such as exception handling, security, synchronization, logging etc. The unique features of AOP such as join-point, advice, aspect, introduction etc. pose difficulties for slicing of AOPs. We propose a dynamic slicing algorithm for aspect-oriented programs. Our algorithm uses a dependence-based representation called Dynamic Aspect-Oriented Dependence Graph (DADG) as the intermediate program representation. The DADG is an arc-classified digraph which represents various dynamic dependences between the statements of the aspect-oriented program. We have used a trace file to store the execution history of the program. We have developed a tool called Dynamic Depenedence Slicing Tool (DDST) to implement our algorithm. We have tested our algorithm on many programs for 40-50 runs. The resulting dynamic slice is precise as we create a node in the DADG for each occurrence of the statement in the execution trace.
Coercively Adjusted Auto Regression Model for Forecasting in Epilepsy EEG

Recently, data with complex characteristics such as epilepsy electroencephalography (EEG) time series has emerged. Epilepsy EEG data has special characteristics including nonlinearity, nonnormality, and nonperiodicity. Therefore, it is important to find a suitable forecasting method that covers these special characteristics. In this paper, we propose a coercively adjusted autoregression (CA-AR) method that forecasts future values from a multivariable epilepsy EEG time series. We use the technique of random coefficients, which forcefully adjusts the coefficients with −1 and 1. The fractal dimension is used to determine the order of the CA-AR model. We applied the CA-AR method reflecting special characteristics of data to forecast the future value of epilepsy EEG data. Experimental results show that when compared to previous methods, the proposed method can forecast faster and accurately.
A method to reduce truncation errors in planar near-field measurements using photonic sensor

We apply a simple method to reduce the truncation errors for broad beamwidth antennas in the planar near-field measurements where a photonic sensor is used as a probe. The method utilizes the merit that the photonic sensor can be very close to the antenna aperture. For an antenna with broad beamwidth (60 degrees for 3 dB beamwidth), the method can reduce the ripple from the truncation error to within 0.2 dB at 2 GHz.
Acute traumatic coagulopathy

Purpose of review Recent therapeutic and observational studies have demonstrated improved survival with better management of haemostasis early after injury. This review delineates our current understanding of the clinical importance, aetiology and pathophysiology of acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC). Recent findings Trauma causes an acute disruption of the equilibrium between all components of haemostasis (coagulation, anticoagulation, fibrinolysis, platelets and endothelium). In patients with a combination of severe tissue damage and systemic hypoperfusion, this will progress rapidly to an endogenous coagulopathy that is independently associated with worse outcomes. New discoveries of the interactions between neurohormonal, vascular, and coagulation systems are beginning to explain how this haemostatic impairment develops and offer novel targets for therapeutic manipulation. Routine coagulation screening tests are ineffective for diagnosing ATC and guiding resuscitation in real-time. Viscoelastic coagulation tests (such as ROTEM or TEG) have emerged as practical, rapid and sensitive diagnostic modalities. Their role in therapeutic targeting requires further validation. Summary Conventional concepts of traumatic coagulopathy as a late occurring condition in response to iatrogenic haemodilution are redundant. ATC is an endogenous impairment of haemostasis that begins at the moment of injury. Further outcome improvements are possible with better understanding of the process by which this coagulopathy develops and how it may be inhibited.
Galois Theory for Braided Tensor Categories and the Modular Closure

Abstract Given a braided tensor *-category C with conjugate (dual) objects and irreducible unit together with a full symmetric subcategory S we define a crossed product C ⋊ S . This construction yields a tensor *-category with conjugates and an irreducible unit. (A *-category is a category enriched over Vect C with positive *-operation.) A Galois correspondence is established between intermediate categories sitting between C and C ⋊ S and closed subgroups of the Galois group Gal( C ⋊ S / C )=Aut C ( C ⋊ S ) of C , the latter being isomorphic to the compact group associated with S by the duality theorem of Doplicher and Roberts. Denoting by D ⊂ C the full subcategory of degenerate objects, i.e., objects which have trivial monodromy with all objects of C , the braiding of C extends to a braiding of C ⋊ S iff S ⊂ D . Under this condition, C ⋊ S has no non-trivial degenerate objects iff S = D . If the original category C is rational (i.e., has only finitely many isomorphism classes of irreducible objects) then the same holds for the new one. The category C ≡ C ⋊ D is called the modular closure of C since in the rational case it is modular, i.e., gives rise to a unitary representation of the modular group SL(2, Z ). If all simple objects of S have dimension one the structure of the category C ⋊ S can be clarified quite explicitly in terms of group cohomology.
Liver Perfusion in Sepsis, Septic Shock, and Multiorgan Failure

Sepsis causes significant alterations in the hepatic macro‐ and microcirculation. Diverging views exist on global hepatic blood flow during experimental sepsis because of the large variety in animal and sepsis models. Fluid‐resuscitated clinical sepsis is characterized by ongoing liver ischemia due to a defective oxygen extraction despite enhanced perfusion. The effects of vasoactive agents on the hepatosplanchnic circulation are variable, mostly anecdotal, and depend on baseline perfusion, time of drug administration, and use of concomitant medication. Microvascular blood flow disturbances are thought to play a pivotal role in the development of sepsis‐induced multiorgan failure. Redistribution of intrahepatic blood flow in concert with a complex interplay between sinusoidal endothelial cells, liver macrophages, and passing leukocytes lead to a decreased perfusion and blood flow velocity in the liver sinusoids. Activation and dysfunction of the endothelial cell barrier with subsequent invasion of neutrophils and formation of microthrombi further enhance liver tissue ischemia and damage. Substances that regulate (micro)vascular tone, such as nitric oxide, endothelin‐1, and carbon monoxide, are highly active during sepsis. Possible interactions between these mediators are not well understood, and their therapeutic manipulation produces equivocal or disappointing results. Whether and how standard resuscitation therapy influences the hepatic microvascular response to sepsis is unknown. Indirect evidence supports the concept that improving the microcirculation may prevent or ameliorate sepsis‐induced organ failure. Anat Rec, 291:714–720, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanistic scaling of ecosystem function and dynamics in space and time: Ecosystem Demography model version 2

Insights into how terrestrial ecosystems affect the Earth's response to changes in climate and rising atmospheric CO2 levels rely heavily on the predictions of terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs). These models contain detailed mechanistic representations of biological processes affecting terrestrial ecosystems; however, their ability to simultaneously predict field‐based measurements of terrestrial vegetation dynamics and carbon fluxes has remained largely untested. In this study, we address this issue by developing a constrained implementation of a new structured TBM, the Ecosystem Demography model version 2 (ED2), which explicitly tracks the dynamics of fine‐scale ecosystem structure and function. Carbon and water flux measurements from an eddy‐flux tower are used in conjunction with forest inventory measurements of tree growth and mortality at Harvard Forest (42.5°N, 72.1°W) to estimate a number of important but weakly constrained model parameters. Evaluation against a decade of tower flux and forest dynamics measurements shows that the constrained ED2 model yields greatly improved predictions of annual net ecosystem productivity, carbon partitioning, and growth and mortality dynamics of both hardwood and conifer trees. The generality of the model formulation is then evaluated by comparing the model's predictions against measurements from two other eddy‐flux towers and forest inventories of the northeastern United States and Quebec. Despite the markedly different composition throughout this region, the optimized model realistically predicts observed patterns of carbon fluxes and tree growth. These results demonstrate how TBMs parameterized with field‐based measurements can provide quantitative insight into the underlying biological processes governing ecosystem composition, structure, and function at larger scales.