Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Critical Review: What is the Evidence for Deficits in Decoding Emoti on through Facial Expressions in Parkinson's Disease?

This critical review examines the ability to decode emotional facial expressions (EFEs) among individuals with Parkinson’s disease. Study designs include: case controls and a critical review. Overall, rese arch is inconclusive regarding deficits in decoding EFEs in Parkinson’s disease. R sults are mixed, ranging from non-specific impairments, to emotion-specific impairments, to an intact ability. Recommendations for future research and c linical practice are provided.
Heuristics for the Automatic Construction of Coarse Grids inMultigrid Solvers for Finite Element Problems in Solid

Multigrid is a popular solution method for the set of linear algebraic equations that arise from PDEs discretized with the nite element method. The application of multigrid to unstructured grid problems, however, is not well developed. We discuss a method that uses many of the same techniques as the nite element method itself, to apply standard multigrid algorithms to unstructured nite element problems. We use maximal independent sets (MISs), like many \algebraic" multigrid methods, as a heuristic to automatically coarsen unstructured grids. The inherent exibility in the selection of an MIS allows for the use of heuristics to improve their eeectiveness for a multigrid solver. We present heuristics and algorithms to optimize the quality of MISs, and the meshes constructed from them, for use in multigrid solvers for unstructured problems in solid mechanics. We present numerical results that demonstrate the eeectiveness of the our methods on several model problems in linear elasticity.
An awkward partner : Britain in the European Community

Introduction The Background: Britain and Europe, 1945-1973 The Heath Government, 1970-1974 The Wilson Governments, 1974-76 The Callaghan Government, 1976-1979 The Thatcher Governments, 1979-1984: Settling the Budgetary Dispute The Thatcher Governments after 1984: New Directions for the Community The Last Years of the Thatcher Governments: 1989-1990 A Major Change of Direction? Conclusions: Still Awkward after all these Years?
Interplay activity-connectivity: Dynamics in patterned neuronal cultures

The ability of a neuronal tissue to efciently process and transmit information depends on both the intrinsic dynamical properties of the neurons and the connectivity between them. One of the few experimental systems where one can vary the connectivity of a neuronal network in a control manner are neuronal cultures. Here we show that, by combining neuronal cultures with different pattering techniques, we can control and dictate the connectivity of neuronal networks. The emerging cultures are characterized by a rich spontaneous activity, but with some dynamical traits that can be ascribed to the underlying, engineered wiring architecture. Simple patterned cultures can be obtained by plating neurons onto predened topographical molds, which guide neurons and connections through complex paths. In contrast to homogeneous cultures, characterized by an on/off behavior where all neuronsre in a short time window, patterned cultures show more complex spatio-temporal dynamics, and with varying propagation paths and velocities. Patterned cultures provide a valuable tool to understand not only the interplay activity-connectivity, but also aspects such as the emergence and maintenance of spontaneous activity, synchronization, or the presence of specic dynamic motifs.
Channel capacity for a given decoding metric

We address the rate of transmission which is attainable on a given channel when the decoding rule is specified, perhaps suboptimally. We concentrate on decoders, termed d-decoders, which accept the codeword x "closest" to the received sequence y in the sense of a metric d(x,y), defined for sequences as an additive extension of a single-letter metric. The class of d-decoders affords many interesting problems, some of which appear to be very hard; indeed, the important graph-theoretical concepts of Shannon capacity and Sperner capacity are special cases of d-capacity. <<ETX>>
ARABIC BROKEN PLURAL RECOGNITION USING A MACHINE TRANSLATION TECHNIQUE

The Arabic language presents significant challenges to many natural language processing applications. The broken plurals (BP) problem is one of these challenges especially for information retrieval applications. It is difficult to deal with Arabic broken plurals and reduce them to their associated singulars, because no obvious rules exist, and there are no standard stemming algorithms that can process them. This paper attempts to handle the problem of broken plural by developing a method to identify broken plurals in an unvowelised Arabic text and reducing them to their correct singular forms by incorporating the simple broken plural matching approach, with a machine translation system and an English stemmer as a new approach. A set of experiments has been conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method using a number of text samples extracted from a large Arabic corpus (AL-Hayat newspaper). The obtained results are analyzed and discussed.
Lexical Word Similarity for Re-ranking in Vietnamese-English Named Entity Back Transliteration

Transliteration is the transformation of word in original language to another language based on its pronunciation. Back transliteration is the transformation of already transliterated word in another language back to its original form. This backward process is in nature more challenging than the forward direction because of more information lost. In many cases, the back transliteration can return almost exact result, which has a minor difference in spelling compared with the original word form. We propose in this work a lexical word similarity for dictionary matching in order to re-rank the candidates and enhance the performance of a grapheme-based location name back transliteration. This method is experimented on Vietnamese-English language pair and showed improvement.
CMOS bandgap voltage reference with 1.8-V power supply

To overcome the limitation of the silicon energy gap in electron volts 1.2 V which leads to that the voltage reference is fixed at about 1.2 V, a design of current-mode (CM) architecture CMOS bandgap voltage reference with arbitrary voltage value by setting the resistor value is presented here with low 1.8-V power supply. The simulation results indicate a temperature coefficient (TC) of 5 ppm/dC from -20dC to 125dC after trimming and a power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) of 64 dB.
Automated Change Request Triage Using Alpha Frequency Matrix

Software changes are inevitable in large and long lived projects. Successful applications require proper handling and assignment of change requests (CRs). In large projects, a number of CRs are generated daily. These CRs should be resolved timely. We present an automated approach to assign CRs to appropriate developers. We use Alphabet Frequency Matrix (AFM) to classify CRs into developer classes. We apply machine learning techniques on the AFM data sets for classification. We find that AFM can be used to achieve an average accuracy from 27% to 53% with precision 25% to 55% and recall 28% to 56%.
Chua's Periodic Table

An interdisciplinary analysis is presented in this paper on the relationship between the bifurcation behavior of chaotic systems, specically Chua’s circuit, and the quantized energy level of atoms. We show that it is possible to associate special capacitance values in Chua’s circuits with the electronic energy levels En of atoms calculated from Bohr’s Law. In particular, these particular capacitance values correspond to the bifurcation points n of Chua’s circuits. We found a functional relation associating a specic Chua’s circuit to the Hydrogen atom and obtained a map of \Atom" to \Chua’s Circuit". This map can be extended to other elements in the Periodic Table, thereby demonstrating an almost universal relation between the two dierent physical systems. With this map we can calculate the energy levels of dierent atoms from bifurcation diagrams (or vice-versa) and express the analytical relations in terms of the two variables n and En
Convex Partitions of Polyhedra: A Lower Bound and Worst-Case Optimal Algorithm

The problem of partitioning a polyhedron into a minimum number of convex pieces is known to be NP-hard. We establish here a quadratic lower bound on the complexity of this problem, and we describe an algorithm that produces a number of convex parts within a constant factor of optimal in the worst case. The algorithm is linear in the size of the polyhedron and cubic in the number of reflex angles. Since in most applications areas, the former quantity greatly exceeds the latter, the algorithm is viable in practice.
A Study on Architectural Decision-Making in Context

Design decisions are made throughout the design process of a new software system or the evolution of an existing system. The context in which a system is developed influences these decisions themselves and the way they are made. There are only a few empirical studies regarding architectural decision-making or concerning how the decision-making process is executed. In this paper, we report an analysis of expert interviews regarding architectural decision-making to gain insight into how decision-making is organized in different organizational contexts. We base our analysis on interviews conducted in a previous study, where we talked to 25 software architects, team leads, and senior developers from 22 different companies in ten different countries about architectural decision-making and documentation. In this paper, we specifically analyze the interview transcripts with regard to the decision-making process. We identified eight different categories of main factors influencing how, when, and by whom decisions are made. We also present decision-making scenarios and relate them to the discovered influence factors. Results show that, apart from organizational factors, individual factors and cultural factors seem to have about the same influence as business and project factors. Company size and domain do not influence the decision-making process as much as one might expect.
PyzoFlex: printed piezoelectric pressure sensing foil

Ferroelectric material supports both pyro- and piezoelectric effects that can be used for sensing pressures on large, bended surfaces. We present PyzoFlex, a pressure-sensing input device that is based on a ferroelectric material. It is constructed with a sandwich structure of four layers that can be printed easily on any material. We use this material in combination with a high-resolution Anoto-sensing foil to support both hand and pen input tracking. The foil is bendable, energy-efficient, and it can be produced in a printing process. Even a hovering mode is feasible due to its pyroelectric effect. In this paper, we introduce this novel input technology and discuss its benefits and limitations.
A GaN HEMT equivalent circuit model with novel approach to dispersion modelling

A complete equivalent circuit model (ECM) for a gallium nitride (GaN) high electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) is described. The model can accurately calculate the pulsed IV (PIV) drain-current over a large range of time instants, while simultaneously providing excellent predication of the DC drain characteristics. This highly accurate fit is achieved using a novel dispersion modelling procedure, which is described within. Trapping effects are taken into account by an effective voltage calculated via filter networks at the gate and drain which allow automatic model calculation of the device quiescent point. One-tone and two-tone tests show very good harmonic and intermodulation distortion prediction capabilities of the model, from small signal up to saturation power levels. Small-signal results are also demonstrated in the form of measured and modelled S-parameters.
Chronic central leptin infusion restores hyperglycemia independent of food intake and insulin level in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats

We examined the effects of chronic centrally administered leptin on the glucose metabolism of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic (STZ‐D) rats, a model for insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. When 3 μg • rat‐1 • day‐1 of leptin was infused into the third ventricle for 6 consecutive days (STZ‐LEP), STZ‐D rats became completely euglycemic. The effect was not seen when the same dosage was administered s.c. Centrally administered leptin did not affect peripheral insulin levels. The feeding volume of STZ‐LEP rats was suppressed to the level of non‐STZ‐D control rats. No improvement of hyperglycemia was noted when STZ‐D rats were pair‐fed to match the feeding volume of STZ‐LEP rats. Thus, the euglycemia of STZ‐LEP rats cannot be due to the decreased feeding volume. In the STZ‐D rat, glucokinase mRNA, a marker of glycolysis, is down‐regulated whereas glucose‐6‐phosphatase mRNA, a marker of gluconeogenesis, and glucose transporter (GLUT) 2, which is implicated in the release of glucose from liver, are up‐regulated. GLUT4, uncoupling protein (UCP) 1, and UCP3 were down‐regulated in brown adipose tissue. These parameters returned to normal upon central infusion of leptin. GLUT4 was not down‐regulated in the skeletal muscle of STZ‐D rats; however, fatty acid binding protein and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, markers for utilization and β‐oxidation of fatty acids, were up‐regulated and restored when the rats were treated with leptin. The increase and subsequent decrease of fatty acid utilization suggests a decrease of glucose uptake in the skeletal muscle of STZ‐D rats, which was restored upon central leptin administration. We conclude that centrally infused leptin does not control serum glucose by regulating feeding volume or elevating peripheral insulin, but by regulating hepatic glucose production, peripheral glucose uptake, and energy expenditure. The present study indicates the possibility of future development of a new class of anti‐diabetic agents that act centrally and independent of insulin action. —Hidaka, S. , Yoshimatsu, H. , Kondou, S. , Tsuruta, Y. , Oka, K. , Noguchi, H. , Okamoto, K. , Sakino, H. , Teshima, Y. , Okeda, T. , Sakata, T. Chronic central leptin infusion restores hyperglycemia independent of food intake and insulin level in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. FASEB J. 16, 509–518 (2002)
An algorithm for identification and classification of individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in a large primary care database

Background Research into diabetes mellitus (DM) often requires a reproducible method for identifying and distinguishing individuals with type 1 DM (T1DM) and type 2 DM (T2DM). Objectives To develop a method to identify individuals with T1DM and T2DM using UK primary care electronic health records. Methods Using data from The Health Improvement Network primary care database, we developed a two-step algorithm. The first algorithm step identified individuals with potential T1DM or T2DM based on diagnostic records, treatment, and clinical test results. We excluded individuals with records for rarer DM subtypes only. For individuals to be considered diabetic, they needed to have at least two records indicative of DM; one of which was required to be a diagnostic record. We then classified individuals with T1DM and T2DM using the second algorithm step. A combination of diagnostic codes, medication prescribed, age at diagnosis, and whether the case was incident or prevalent were used in this process. We internally validated this classification algorithm through comparison against an independent clinical examination of The Health Improvement Network electronic health records for a random sample of 500 DM individuals. Results Out of 9,161,866 individuals aged 0–99 years from 2000 to 2014, we classified 37,693 individuals with T1DM and 418,433 with T2DM, while 1,792 individuals remained unclassified. A small proportion were classified with some uncertainty (1,155 [3.1%] of all individuals with T1DM and 6,139 [1.5%] with T2DM) due to unclear health records. During validation, manual assignment of DM type based on clinical assessment of the entire electronic record and algorithmic assignment led to equivalent classification in all instances. Conclusion The majority of individuals with T1DM and T2DM can be readily identified from UK primary care electronic health records. Our approach can be adapted for use in other health care settings.
Viewpoint: Innovations in the Theory and Practice of Redistribution Policy (Innovations En Théorie De La Redistribution Et Leurs Implications Pour La Politique Économique) 

We present a survey of key results from second‐best optimal redistribution theory and their implications for tax‐transfer policy. The core results include the Corlett‐Hague theorem, the Deaton conditions, the production‐efficiency theorem, the Atkinson‐Stiglitz theorem, and the Mirrlees‐Saez characterization of the optimal non‐linear income tax system. These have been augmented in recent years by optimal participation tax rates, the implications of involuntary unemployment, the use of unconventional instruments, such as minimum wages, in‐kind transfer, and workfare, and the optimal taxation of capital income and bequests. (L’auteur presente un survol des principaux resultats theoriques de la redistribution optimale de second‐ordre, et de leurs implications pour les politiques d’imposition et de transferts. Les resultats fondamentaux incluent le theoreme de Corlett‐Hague, les conditions de Deaton, les theoremes d’efficacite en production, le theoreme d’Atkinson‐Stiglitz, ainsi que la caracterisation du systeme optimal d’imposition non‐lineaire du revenu a la Mirrlees‐Saez. Ces derniers resultats ont ete enrichis, au cours des dernieres annees, par certains autres portant sur les taux d’imposition decoulant des allocations conditionnelles, les implications du chomage involontaire, l’usage d’instruments non‐conventionnels tels que le salaire minimum, les transferts en nature, le workfare, ainsi que l’imposition optimale des revenus du capital et des legs. Ces resultats sont exposes et leurs implications pour les politiques d’imposition et de transferts sont discutees.)
Planning for Individualized Experiences with Quest-Centric Game Adaptation

Planning has been extensively used to build competent opponents in games for human players. In this paper, we focus not on winning strategies but on creating an enjoyable overall gaming experience by adapting human-authored game narratives and customizing them to the players’ motivation, tastes and needs. We discuss the benefits of modeling game narratives as plans and analyze causal structures to build novel computational models of narrative coherence. A planning approach to the narrative adaptation problem is presented. The planner takes a complete storyline comprised of several quests and iteratively searches for modifications, deleting and inserting quests and events, until it meets the user’s preferences. A user study strongly suggested the proposed notion of narrative coherence has positive influences on story aesthetics.
Properties of a Temporal Population Cod

The temporal patterning of neuronal activity may play a substantial role in the representation of sensory stimuli. One particular hypothesis suggests that visual stimuli are represented by the temporal evolution of the instantaneous firing rate averaged over a whole population of neurons. Using an implementation in a cortical type network with lateral interactions, we could previously show that this scheme can be successfully applied to a pattern recognition task. Here, we use a large set of artificially generated stimuli to investigate the coding properties of the network in detail. The temporal population code generated by the network is intrinsically invariant to stimulus translations. We show that the encoding is invariant to small deformations of the stimuli and robust with respect to static and dynamic variations in synaptic strength of the lateral connections in the network. Furthermore, we present several measures which indicate that the encoding maps the stimuli into a high-dimensional space. These results show that a temporal population code is a promising approach for the encoding of relevant stimulus properties while simultaneously discarding the irrelevant information.
The Innovative Bureaucracy: Bureaucracy in an Age of Fluidity

1. The Supplementarity of Bureaucracy in Management Thinking 2. The Concept of Bureaucracy 3. Affirming the Fluid: Debating Post-Bureaucratic Organizations 4. The Innovative Bureaucracy Part 1: The Entrepreneurial Bureaucracy 5. The Innovative Bureaucracy Part 2: The Science-Based Bureaucracy 6. Bureaucracy in an Age of Fluidity: A Vitalist View
3D human body modeling based on single Kinect

3D human body models have been widely used in all fields. For acquiring precise human body models, the research about their recognition and reconstruction has become a major topic. Here we present a new method for modeling 3D human body based on single Kinect from the viewpoint of cost and operability. In this method, human body 3D information is recognized and acquired by only one Kinect while 3D human body models are reconstructed by using the tools of Processing and Point Cloud Library. To achieve the reconstruction objective, the iterative closest point algorithm is adopted for registering the captured upper human body 3D point cloud data with the standard reference human body data. The experiment results demonstrate that this method is feasible.
Evolution and Revolution in the Argentine Banking System Under Convertibility: The Roles of Crises and Path Dependence

We provide an analytical narrative of the political and economic causes and consequences of institutional changes in the Argentine banking system. We devote most of our attention to the privatization of the provincial banks. Our story differs from the prevailing wisdom in its stress on the key roles played by convertibility and an independent Central Bank rather than the Fondo Fiduciario.
Use of a P3P user agent by early adopters

The Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P), developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), provides a standard computer-readable format for privacy policies and a protocol that enables web browsers to read and process privacy policies automatically. P3P enables machine-readable privacy policies that can be retrieved automatically by web browsers and other user agent tools that can display symbols, prompt users, or take other appropriate actions. We developed the AT&T Privacy Bird as a P3P user agent that can compare P3P policies against a user's privacy preferences. Since P3P was adopted as a W3C recommendation in April 2002, little work has been done to study how it is being used and, especially, its impact on users. Many questions have been raised about whether and how Internet users will make use of P3P, and how to build P3P user agents that will prove most useful to end users. In this paper we first provide a brief introduction to P3P and the AT&T Privacy Bird. Then we discuss a survey of AT&T Privacy Bird users that we conducted in August 2002. We found that a large proportion of AT&T Privacy Bird users began reading privacy policies more often and being more proactive about protecting their privacy as a result of using this software. Unfortunately, the usefulness of P3P user agents is severely limited by the number of web sites that have implemented P3P. Our survey results also suggest that if it becomes easier to compare privacy policy across e-commerce web sites, a significant group of consumers would likely use this information in their purchase decisions.
Small Binary Voting Trees

Sophisticated voting on a binary tree is a common form of voting structure, as exemplified by, for example, amendment procedures. The problem of characterizing voting rules that can be the outcome of this procedure has been a longstanding problem in social choice. We explore rules over a small number of candidates, and discuss existence and nonexistence properties of rules implementable over trees.