Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultra-sensitive bio-sensor based on GMR in self-suspended-membrane-type germanium grating

In this paper, an ultra-sensitive bio-sensor based on the GMR effect in self-suspended-membrane-type gratings (SSGs) is proposed using multilayer plane waveguide theory. It is demonstrated from our calculations that the sensitivity of our bio-sensor is near the theoretical limit compared with a conventional GMR sensor. Based on the normalized eigenfunction of a single-layer homogeneous grating, the resonance curves with respect to different refractive indices of surrounding media are calculated, which confirm the estimated sensitivity. In addition, we design a highly sensitive bio-sensor in the near- and mid-IR wavelength region for liquid and gas detection respectively, the sensor can deliver a resolution over 1 × 10−5 in the near-IR region in a large refractive index (1.3–1.7) range and provide better than 1 × 10−6 in the mid-IR region, which is enough for various bio-material detections. Therefore, the bio-sensor we proposed is one or two orders more sensitive than conventional GMR sensors.
First Demonstration of State-of-the-art GaN HEMTs for Power and RF Applications on A Unified Platform with Free-standing GaN Substrate and Fe/C Co-doped Buffer

In this paper, we report excellent power and radio frequency (RF) performances of GaN HEMTs grown on free-standing GaN substrate using a unified Fe/C co-doped GaN buffer. With gate-drain distance ($L_{\mathrm{gd}}$) of 6.35 $\mu$m, the device presented a low specific on-resistance ($R_{\mathrm{on}_{-}\mathrm{sp}}$) of 0.66 m$\Omega\cdot\mathrm{cm}^{2}$ and a high breakdown voltage ($V_{\mathrm{BR}}$) of 710 V. Record Johnson’s figure-of-merit (JFOM) of 16.25 THz$\cdot$V and $f_{\max}$. VBR of 38.34 THz$\cdot$V were achieved among GaN HEMTs. Load-pull measurements reveal a state-of-the-art power density of 10.2 W/mm for GaN-on-GaN HEMTs. Moreover, the GaN-on-GaN HEMTs in this work show excellent reliability and stable Schottky characteristics after the reverse gate step stress. This technology provides a unified design of material and process for GaN power and RF devices with high performance, promoting the integration of GaN-based devices on the same platform.
A Novel Model for Intelligent Pull-Ups Test Based on Key Point Estimation of Human Body and Equipment

Applying computer vision and machine learning techniques into sport tests is an effective way to realize “intelligent sports. ” Facing practical application, we design a real-time and lightweight deep learning network to realize intelligent pull-ups test in this study. The main contributions are as follows: (1) a new self-produced pull-ups dataset is established under the requirement of including a human body and horizontal bar. In addition, a semiautomatic annotating software is developed to enhance annotation efficiency and increase labeling accuracy. (2) A novel lightweight deep network named PEPoseNet is designed to estimate and analyze a human pose in real time. The backbone of the network is made up of the heatmap network and key point network, which conduct human pose estimation based on the key points extracted from a human body and horizontal bar. The depth-wise separable convolution is adopted to speed up the training and convergence. (3) An evaluation criterion of intelligent pull-ups test is defined based on action quality assessment (AQA). The action quality of five states, i.e., ready or end, hang, pull, achieved, and resume in one pull-ups test cycle is automatically graded using a random forest classifier. A mobile application is developed to realize intelligent pull-ups test in real time. The performance of the proposed model and software is confirmed by verification and ablation experiments. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed PEPoseNet has competitive performance to the state of the art. Its PCK @ 0.2 and frames per second (FPS) achieved were 83.8 and 30 fps, respectively. The mobile application has promising application prospects in pull-ups test under complex scenarios.
Service-oriented architecture for control of modular robots

Service robots are increasingly used in agriculture. They are used in both animal husbandry and crop production. In this study, we present a distributed software architecture for controlling a modular service robot for animal husbandry. The purpose of this architecture is to provide communication between the modules installed on the robot. Communication is based on services and micro services, by sending requests and responses between the individual modules. The presented system can be used to control robots with different applications. The article presents an example of controlling a mobile robot in warehouses and production buildings used in animal husbandry. Modules for computer vision and autonomous navigation are presented. As an autonomous navigation module, it is a complex system of a laser sensor and GPS system. The presented distributed architecture successfully handles the control of a mobile robot and provides opportunities to upgrade the robot's systems and connect to external cyber-physical systems.
Radiated fields in rail launchers operation

In this paper electromagnetic fields radiated from a railgun operating system with a plasma armature are investigated. A small-bore railgun has been fabricated in their laboratory, a capacitor bank (0.12 F-160 V) has been used as energy supply and an experimental setup has been implemented. Experiments have been performed in a remotely operated shielded semi-anechoic chamber in conformity with current standards. The analysis has been conducted in the time domain, using suitable current probes and antennas and an oscilloscope with high bandwidth and high sampling rate. Results were reproducible and a comparison and discussion with previous work are reported.
On the diffraction of an electromagnetic pulse by a wedge

The diffraction by a conducting wedge of a transient electromagnetic disturbance in the form of a plane wave discontinuity having arbitrary polarization and direction of propagation is reduced to a pair of two-dimensional scalar problems. The solution to one of these is identical with that previously obtained for the analogous acoustical problem, while the second is attacked in a similar manner, using a Tschplygin transformation to reduce the boundary value problem to one in potential theory, which is then solved by classical means.
A Texture Feature Removal Network for Sonar Image Classification and Detection

Deep neural network (DNN) was applied in sonar image target recognition tasks, but it is very difficult to obtain enough sonar images that contain a target; as a result, the direct use of a small amount of data to train a DNN will cause overfitting and other problems. Transfer learning is the most effective way to address such scenarios. However, there is a large domain gap between optical images and sonar images, and common transfer learning methods may not be able to effectively handle it. In this paper, we propose a transfer learning method for sonar image classification and object detection called the texture feature removal network. We regard the texture features of an image as domain-specific features, and we narrow the domain gap by discarding the domain-specific features, and hence, make it easier to complete knowledge transfer. Our method can be easily embedded into other transfer learning methods, which makes it easier to apply to different application scenarios. Experimental results show that our method is effective in side-scan sonar image classification tasks and forward-looking sonar image detection tasks. For side-scan sonar image classification tasks, the classification accuracy of our method is enhanced by 4.5% in a supervised learning experiment, and for forward-looking sonar detection tasks, the average precision (AP) is also significantly improved.
Cocoa Flavanol Supplementation and the Effect on Insulin Resistance in Females Who Are Overweight or Obese: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

There is interest in the impact that dietary interventions can have on preventing the transition from insulin resistance to type 2 diabetes, including a suggestion that the bioactive components of cocoa may enhance fasting insulin sensitivity. However, a role for cocoa flavanols (CF) in reducing insulin resistance in the insulin-stimulated state, an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is unresolved. This study investigated whether CF consumption improved whole-body insulin-mediated glucose uptake (‘M’) in females with overweight/obesity, using a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group design. Thirty-two premenopausal females (19–49 years; 27–35 kg·m−2) with elevated HOMA-IR (HOMA-IR >1.5) supplemented their habitual diet with two servings/day of a high-flavanol cocoa drink (HFC; 609 mg CF/serving; n = 16) or low-flavanol cocoa drink (LFC; 13 mg CF/serving; n = 16) for 4 weeks. Assessment of HOMA-IR and ‘M’ during a 3-h, 60 mIU insulin·m−2·min−1 euglycemic clamp was performed before and after the intervention. Data are the mean (SD). Changes to HOMA-IR (HFC −0.003 (0.57); LFC −0.0402 (0.86)) and ‘M’ (HFC 0.99 (7.62); LFC –1.32 (4.88) µmol·kg−1·min−1) after the intervention were not different between groups. Four weeks’ consumption of ~1.2 g CF/day did not improve indices of fasting insulin sensitivity or insulin-mediated glucose uptake. A recommendation for dietary supplementation with cocoa flavanols to improve glycemic control is therefore not established.
Solidifying Bingham extrusions: a model for the growth of silicic lava domes

In a previous study of the effects of cooling and solidification on flows issuing onto a horizontal plane and spreading under gravity we considered the case of a viscous fluid that solidifies to form a thin surface crust with a finite yield strength. In that case, the coupling of solidification and viscous stresses in the flow led to a sequence of flow regimes or styles of flow and crustal deformation. Here, we study the spreading, from a small source, of a plastic material having a yield strength before cooling. In this case the fluid again begins to freeze as it spreads radially under gravity, and forms a dome having a surface crust which is stronger than the extruded fluid. If cooling is sufficiently rapid compared to gravity-driven spreading, the flow is found to be controlled by solidification. The flow again takes on one of a number of flow regimes depending on the pace of solidification relative to the rate of lateral flow, or extrusion rate. However, these flow regimes are quite different from those for the viscous extrusions, implying that the internal yield stress has a strong influence on the behaviour. Styles of flow ranged from inflation of an axisymmetric dome to irregular extrusion of lateral lobes and vertical spines. These qualitatively different regimes have much in common with the eruption styles of volcanic lava domes produced by effusion of extremely viscous silicic magmas which may possess a yield strength, and the model provides information about the factors influencing the morphology and hazards of such volcanic flows.
Relative Validity and Reproducibility of Dietary Measurements Assessed by a Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire among Chinese Healthy Adults

This study aimed to evaluate the relative validity and reproducibility of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) in adult populations in China. Among the 49 recruited healthy participants (age range: 20–60 years), the relative validity of a 79-item SFFQ was assessed in two ways: (1) by comparing its dietary intake estimates with those from the average measurements of three inconsecutive 24 h dietary records (24-HDRs); and (2) by comparing its estimates of dietary fatty acids with the measured plasma levels of fatty acids. The reproducibility of the SFFQ was evaluated by a comparison of two SFFQ measurements from the same participants collected one year apart. In the relative validity study, the average Spearman correlation coefficient (r) was 0.27 among 18 prespecified food group intakes estimated from the SFFQ and the 24-HDRs; nevertheless, that of five food group intakes (e.g., red meat and seafood) was higher (all rs > 0.40, p < 0.05). In addition, a moderate correlation between the SFFQ estimate of polyunsaturated fatty acid intakes (energy-adjusted percentage of total fatty acids) and its plasma level was observed (r = 0.42, p < 0.05). Regarding the one-year reproducibility of the SFFQ-assessed intakes, the average rank intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.35 for the 18 food group estimates. In particular, moderately reproducible estimates of seven food group intakes (e.g., refined grains and red meat, all ICCs ≥ 0.40, p < 0.05) were observed. In conclusion, the SFFQ provides valid and reproducible estimates of dietary intakes for various food groups in general and performs well as a potential tool for estimating habitual dietary intakes of some unsaturated fatty acids.
Accurate calculation of depletion-layer profile in a periodic metal-semiconductor array

Poisson's equation is solved for two-dimensional calculation of the depletion-layer profile in a periodic array of metal-semiconductor contacts. Using Green's functions, which verify the specific boundary conditions of the structure's unit cell, an integral equation is obtained and the moment method is used for its numerical solution. At last empirical relations are deduced for the determination of characteristic points of the depleted region.
Design of rare-earth doped chalcogenide microspheres for mid-IR optical amplification

The design of an optical amplifier based on an Er3+-doped chalcogenide microsphere evanescently coupled with a tapered optical fiber is illustrated. The physical phenomena as the main transitions among the erbium energy levels, the amplified spontaneous emission and the most important secondary transitions, pertaining to the ion-ion interactions, have been modeled in a 3D numerical code. The model is based on the coupled mode theory and the rate equations. The device has been designed and optimized by varying the fiber-microsphere gap, the thickness of erbium doped region, the fiber taper angle, the erbium concentration, the pump and signal powers. The simulation results highlight that the amplification system here proposed could be a good candidate to obtain a highly efficient and compact amplifier in midinfrared wavelength range.
Impact of Titanium Tetra Flouride Material and 810nm Diode Laser on Demineralized Human Enamel (In Vitro Study)

Background: Dental enamel was treated with laser irradiation and fluoride compounds as a method to enhance fluoride absorption by the enamel, which resulted in a rise in the mineral content of the enamel and a significant boost in its resistance to acid demineralization. Objective: The purpose of this research was to look into the effects of Titanium tetra Fluoride (TiF4) with or without diode laser on the demineralized enamel. Material and methods: The sample consisted of 65 premolars teeth: 5 teeth remained sound for energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis where 60 teeth were divided into 6 groups by treatment (N=10): (1) control negative (deionized water), (2) control positive (acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (APF)), (3) 6% Titanium tetra fluoride (TiF4) solution, (4) diode laser (810 nm, 0.5W, 60 s), (5) Laser then TiF4, and (6) Tif4 then Laser. Microhardness was measured before and after demineralization then after treatments. Five samples from each group were selected randomly for EDS analysis. Results: Microhardness increased significantly after all treatments ( p <0.05). Results revealed a significant difference for all treatment groups ( p <0.05). EDS analysis revealed that fluoride content was greater in 6%TIF4 then Tif4 with Laser groups, while the calcium content was greater in control positive followed by TiF4 groups. Conclusion: TiF4 alone or in combination with laser enhancing demineralized enamel microhardness and fluoride content. Diode laser before or after TiF4 had minimal extra impact on remineralization.
A global-local damage localization and quantification approach in composite structures using ultrasonic guided waves and active infrared thermography

The paper emphasizes an effective quantification of hidden damage in composite structures using ultrasonic guided wave (GW) propagation-based structural health monitoring (SHM) and an artificial neural network (ANN) based active infrared thermography (IRT) analysis. In recent years, there has been increased interest in using a global-local approach for damage localization purposes. The global approach is mainly used in identifying the damage, while the local approach is quantifying. This paper presents a proof-of-study to use such a global-local approach in damage localization and quantification. The main novelties in this paper are the implementation of an improved SHM GW algorithm to localize the damages, a new pixel-based confusion matrix to quantify the size of the damage threshold, and a newly developed IRT-ANN algorithm to validate the damage quantification. From the SHM methodology, it is realized that only three sensors are sufficient to localize the damage, and an ANN- IRT imaging algorithm with only five hidden neurons in quantifying the damage. The robust SHM methods effectively identified, localized, and quantified the different damage dimensions against the non-destructive testing-IRT method in different composite structures.
Thermovision determination of the furnace chamber environment temperature using the technical blackbody model

The article describes the methodology for the determination of ambient temperature for thermovision measurements. The adopted methodology consists in the use of the technical blackbody model. Determining the value of the ambient temperature parameter makes it possible to enhance the accuracy of temperature measurement of objects exposed to strong irradiation using a thermovision camera.
Testing the MOND formula in the Galaxy

The inner Galaxy is completely dominated by baryons, contrary to the predictions of CDM cosmology, whilst the observations are compatible with MOND if the local circular speed is smaller than 220 kms-1 and the asymptotic circular velocity close to 170 km s-1. © EAS, EDP Sciences 2006.
Ab Initio Investigation of the Adsorption of CO2 Molecules on Defect Sites of Graphene Surfaces: Role of Local Vacancy Structures

An in-depth investigation into the adsorption of CO2 on graphene vacancies is essential for the understanding of their applications in various industries. Herein, we report an investigation of the effects of vacancy defects on CO2 gas adsorption behavior on graphene surfaces using the density functional theory. The results show that the formation of vacancies leads to various deformations of local carbon structures, resulting in different adsorption capabilities. Even though most carbon atoms studied can only trigger physisorption, there are also carbon sites that are energetically favored for chemisorption. The general order of the adsorption capabilities of the local carbon atoms is as follows: carbon atoms with dangling bonds > carbon atoms shared by five- and six-membered rings and a vacancy > carbon atoms shared by two six-membered rings and a vacancy. A stronger interaction in the adsorption process generally corresponds to more obvious changes in the partial density of states and a larger amount of transferred charge.
Characterization of Gate-Oxide Degradation Location for SiC MOSFETs Based on the Split C–V Method Under Bias Temperature Instability Conditions

Gate-oxide degradation has been one of the major reliability challenges of SiC <sc>mosfet</sc>s. Comprehensive and accurate localization of gate-oxide degradation under bias temperature instability (BTI) conditions is important to improve the device reliability. The split <italic>C–V</italic> [gate–source capacitance <italic>C</italic><sub>GS</sub> (<italic>v</italic><sub>G</sub>) and gate–drain capacitance <italic>C</italic><sub>GD</sub> (<italic>v</italic><sub>G</sub>)] method is proposed in this article to locate gate-oxide degradation. Moreover, a BTI automated characterization system integrated <italic>I–V</italic> and split <italic>C–V</italic> test is presented. The effect of gate-oxide degradation on threshold voltage and split <italic>C–V</italic> under dc and ac BTI conditions is investigated and the degradation location is analyzed. Furthermore, the degradation simulation is conducted with technology computer aided design (TCAD) to reveal the mechanism. The results show that the different parts of split <italic>C–V</italic> can characterize degradation location, the type, and energy level of traps. The acceptor traps near valence band and donor traps near conduction band cause gate-oxide degradation above the channel and junction field effect transistor (JFET) region in positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) and Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI), respectively. In ac BTI, the gate-oxide degradation at the channel region is independent of <italic>v</italic><sub>G</sub> polarity, while the opposite is true above JFET region. These findings help to improve the long-term operation reliability of gate oxide from the perspective of chip design and application.
Novel Computed-Tomography-Based Transformer Models for the Noninvasive Prediction of PD-1 in Pre-Operative Settings

Simple Summary Obtaining the PD-1/PD-L1 status is conducive to observing the patient’s response rate and constructing individualized immunotherapy strategies. However, biopsies are invasive in assessing the PD-1 status, entail sampling bias due to tumor heterogeneity, are expensive and a slow process, and introduce increased risks of complications. Our research explored a new model based on transformer and CT images to predict PD-1 use. We confirmed that our model can accurately predict the expression of PD-1 via the study of a cohort of 93 patients collected in West China Hospital. The promising diagnostic performance shows that our model is an effective and noninvasive classification method, providing a practical tool for predicting various receptors. Abstract The expression status of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with the checkpoint blockade treatment responses of PD-1/PD-L1. Thus, accurately and preoperatively identifying the status of PD-1 has great clinical implications for constructing personalized treatment strategies. To investigate the preoperative predictive value of the transformer-based model for identifying the status of PD-1 expression, 93 HCC patients with 75 training cohorts (2859 images) and 18 testing cohorts (670 images) were included. We propose a transformer-based network architecture, ResTransNet, that efficiently employs convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and self-attention mechanisms to automatically acquire a persuasive feature to obtain a prediction score using a nonlinear classifier. The area under the curve, receiver operating characteristic curve, and decision curves were applied to evaluate the prediction model’s performance. Then, Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were applied to evaluate the overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in PD-1-positive and PD-1-negative patients. The proposed transformer-based model obtained an accuracy of 88.2% with a sensitivity of 88.5%, a specificity of 88.9%, and an area under the curve of 91.1% in the testing cohort.