Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aspirin in the Chemoprevention of Colorectal Neoplasia: An Overview

Considerable evidence supports the effectiveness of aspirin for chemoprevention of colorectal cancer (CRC) in addition to its well-established benefits in the prevention of vascular disease. Epidemiologic studies have consistently observed an inverse association between aspirin use and risk of CRC. A recent pooled analysis of a long-term posttrial follow-up of nearly 14,000 patients from four randomized, cardiovascular disease prevention trials showed that daily aspirin treatment for about five years was associated with a 34% reduction in 20-year CRC mortality. A separate metaanalysis of nearly 3,000 patients with a history of colorectal adenoma or cancer in four randomized adenoma prevention trials showed that aspirin reduced the occurrence of advanced adenomas by 28% and any adenoma by 17%. Aspirin has also been shown to be beneficial in a clinical trial of patients with Lynch syndrome, a hereditary CRC syndrome; in those treated with aspirin for at least two years, there was a 50% or more reduction in the risk of CRC commencing five years after randomization and after aspirin had been discontinued. A few observational studies have shown an increase in survival among patients with CRC who use aspirin. Taken together, these findings strengthen the case for consideration of long-term aspirin use in CRC prevention. Despite these compelling data, there is a lack of consensus about the balance of risks and benefits associated with long-term aspirin use, particularly in low-risk populations. The optimal dose to use for cancer prevention and the precise mechanism underlying aspirin's anticancer effect require further investigation. Cancer Prev Res; 5(2); 164–78. ©2011 AACR.
Electrical and thermal transport properties of magnetically aligned single wall carbon nanotube films

Dense, thick films of aligned single wall carbon nanotubes and nanotube ropes have been produced by filtration/deposition from suspension in strong magnetic fields. Electrical resistivity exhibits moderate anisotropy with respect to the alignment axis, while the thermopower is the same when measured parallel or perpendicular to this axis. Both parameters have identical temperature dependencies in the two orientations. Thermal conductivity in the parallel direction exceeds 200 W/mK, within a decade of graphite.
HN1 Negatively Influences the β‐Catenin/E‐Cadherin Interaction, and Contributes to Migration in Prostate Cells

Previously, it has been reported that HN1 is involved in cytoplasmic retention and degradation of androgen receptor in an AKT dependent manner. As HN1 is a hormone inducible gene, and has been shown that it is upregulated in various cancers, we studied the importance of HN1 function in β‐catenin signaling in prostate cancer cell line, PC‐3 and mammary cancer cell line MDA‐MB231. Here, we demonstrated that HN1 physically associates with GSK3β/β‐catenin destruction complex and abundantly localizes to cytoplasm, especially when the GSK3β is phosphorylated on S9 residue. Further, ectopic HN1 expression results an increase in the β‐catenin degradation leading to loss of E‐cadherin interaction, concurrently contributing to actin re‐organization, colony formation and migration in cancer cell lines. Thus, we report that HN1 is an essential factor for β‐catenin turnover and signaling, augments cell growth and migration in prostate cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 170–178, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Representing syntax by means of properties: a formal framework for descriptive approaches

Linguistic description and language modelling need to be formally sound and complete while still being supported by data. We present a linguistic framework that bridges such formal and descriptive requirements, based on the representation of syntactic information by means of local properties. This approach, called Property Grammars, provides a formal basis for the description of specific characteristics as well as entire constructions. In contrast with other formalisms, all information is represented at the same level (no property playing a more important role than another) and independently (any property being evaluable separately). As a consequence, a syntactic description, instead of a complete hierarchical structure (typically a tree), is a set of multiple relations between words. This characteristic is crucial when describing unrestricted data, including spoken language. We show in this paper how local properties can implement any kind of syntactic information and constitute a formal framework for the representation of constructions (seen as a set of interacting properties). The Property Grammars approach thus offers the possibility to integrate the description of local phenomena into a general formal framework.
Circulating Adhesion Molecules in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may be associated with the risk of a "whole body inflammation. " Adhesion molecules, such as endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule (ELAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), seem to play a pivotal role in the inflammatory response. Soluble forms of these adhesion molecules may serve as markers of endothelial activation or damage. To elucidate whether plasma levels of soluble adhesion molecules differ between pediatric and adult cardiac surgery patients, 15 consecutive children younger than 5 yr undergoing CPB were prospectively studied and compared with adults scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass grafting and valve replacement. Plasma levels of circulating (soluble) adhesion molecules (sELAM-1, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1) were measured from arterial blood samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays after induction of anesthesia (= "baseline"), during CPB, at the end of surgery, and on postoperative days 1 and 2. At baseline, plasma levels of all three soluble adhesion molecules were significantly higher in children than in adults. sELAM-1 and sICAM-1 plasma concentrations were even beyond normal in the children (sELAM-1: 88.8 +/- 13.8 ng/mL; sICAM-1: 349 +/- 27 ng/mL). During CPB and until the end of surgery, plasma levels of all adhesion molecules decreased in the children and remained almost unchanged in the adults. In the children, sELAM-1 remained lower than baseline values until the second postoperative day (45.2 +/- 12.2 ng/mL), whereas sICAM-1 increased in the postbypass period without, however, reaching baseline values (254 +/- 40 ng/mL). Postoperatively, sVCAM-1 plasma levels were lower than baseline value (postoperative day 2: 450 +/- 33 ng/mL) and did not differ between the two groups. At baseline, PaO2/FIO2 was significantly lower in the children than in the adults and inversely related to plasma levels of all adhesion molecules. Neutrophil count was higher in the children only on postoperative day 2, whereas rectal temperature did not differ and never exceeded 38.5 degrees C in either group. Plasma levels of circulating adhesion molecules were significantly different between pediatric and adult cardiac surgery patients at baseline. Alterations in microcirculation and/or oxygenation may directly or indirectly affect endothelium, thus resulting in higher plasma levels of sELAM-1, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 in children scheduled for cardiac surgery. CBP did not result in a significant increase in soluble adhesion molecules in either group, indicating no marked endothelial damage in this situation. (Anesth Analg 1995;81:1129-35)
Diversity and Entrepreneurship: Analyzing Successful Women Entrepreneurs

Chapter 1 List of Illustrations Chapter 2 Preface Chapter 3 Acknowledgements Chapter 4 Women as Employees and Entrepreneurs: Introduction The Changing Face of Entrepreneurship The Current State of Female Employment Female Entrepreneurship Minority Entrepreneurship Observations and Important Issues Current Study Organization of Chapter 5 Research Field of Women Entrepreneurship: Introduction The Multi-Dimensional Small Business Owner Research on Small Business Owners Research on Women Business Owners Research on Minority Business Owners Personal Services Industry Economic Succ Chapter 6 Theories and Conceptual Foundations: Introduction Niches Protected Market Hypothesis Disadvantage Theory Cultural Theory Other Perspectives and Hypotheses Conclusion Chapter 7 Research Design and Methods: Introduction Sample Procedures Measures Interviews Data Analysis Chapter 8 Results of Analyses: Economic Success Factors: Introduction Niches Protected Market Hypothesis Disadvantage Theory Cultural Theory Descriptive Statistics and Other Perspectives Other Hypotheses Summary Additional Results Factors Leading to Chapter 9 Conclusions: Critical Issues and New Perspectives: Introduction Niches Protected Market Hypothesis Disadvantage Theory Cultural Theory Individual Characteristics Business Characteristics Network Structure Incubators Economic Success of Wome Chapter 10 Appendixes: Appendix A: Initial Letter to Potential Participants Appendix B: Cover Letter to Participants Consent Form Appendix C: Questionnaire Appendix D: Interview Questions Chapter 11 Selected Bibliography Chapter 12 Subject Index Chapter 13 About the Author
The inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein Bir1p protects against apoptosis in S. cerevisiae and is a substrate for the yeast homologue of Omi/HtrA2

Inhibitor-of-apoptosis proteins (IAPs) play a crucial role in the regulation of metazoan apoptosis. IAPs are typically characterized by the presence of one to three baculovirus IAP repeat (BIR) domains that are essential for their anti-apoptotic activity. Bir1p is the sole BIR-protein in yeast and has been shown to participate in chromosome segregation events. Here, we show that Bir1p is a substrate for Nma111p, which is the homologue of the human pro-apoptotic serine protease Omi/HtrA2 and which is known to mediate apoptosis in yeast. Bir1p is a cytoplasmic and nuclear protein, and yeast cells lacking bir1 are more sensitive to apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Consistently, overexpression of Bir1p reduces apoptosis-like cell death, whereas this protective effect can be antagonized in vivo by simultaneous overexpression of Nma111p. Moreover, chronologically aged cells that constitutively overexpress Bir1p show a delayed onset of cell death. Therefore, Bir1p, like its closest metazoan homologues deterin and survivin, has dual functions: it participates in chromosome segregation events and cytokinesis and exhibits anti-apoptotic activity.
Levels of Ionotropic Glutamate and Muscarinic Receptors in Three Animal Models of Schizophrenia

There are well validated rodent paradigms of schizophrenia which are based on environmental manipulation (e.g. altered rearing conditions) or drug challenges. These manipulations induce behavioural changes in rodents that are thought to involve neuronal circuitry similar to the ones that are affected by the pathophysiology of the disorder. This study has investigated whether three such rodent paradigms (isolation rearing, neonatal PCP treatment or sub-chronic PCP treatment) are associated with changes in muscarinic receptors (CHRMs) or ionotropic glutamate receptors, some of which have been reported to be altered in the CNS of subjects with schizophrenia. ( 3 H)pirenzepine (CHRM1), ( 3 H)4DAMP (CHRM1/CHRM3), ( 3 H)MK801 (NMDA receptors) and ( 3 H)kainate (kainate receptors; KAR) binding were measured using in situ radioligand binding and autoradiography. Isolation rearing caused widespread decreases in ( 3 H)4DAMP (p = 0.01) and ( 3 H)kainate binding (p = 0.03). Neonatal PCP caused widespread increases in ( 3 H)4DAMP binding (p <0.0001), whereas sub-chronic PCP treatment caused widespread decreases in the binding of that radioligand (p < 0.002) and widespread increases in (3H)MK801 binding (p < 0.0001). There were no changes in ( 3 H)pirenzepine binding to CHRM1 receptors in any paradigm or no significant within region changes in the binding of any radioligand. In conclusion, in the absence of any changes in CHRM1 receptors, our ( 3 H)4DAMP and the binding of (3H)MK801 data would suggest that different rodent paradigms cause variable changes in levels of CHRM3 and KAR in the rat CNS. Our data raises the possibility that such changes may, in part, modulate the behavioural differences that have been observed after isolation rearing, neonatal PCP treatment or sub-chronic PCP treatment.
Feasible formations of multi-agent systems

Formations of multi-agent systems, such as satellites and aircraft, require that individual agents satisfy their kinematic equations while constantly maintaining inter-agent constraints. In this paper, we develop a systematic framework for studying formations of multiagent systems. In particular, we consider undirected formations for centralized formations and directed formations for decentralized formations. In each case, we determine differential geometric conditions that guarantee formation feasibility given the individual agent kinematics. Our framework also enables us to extract a smaller control system that describes the formation kinematics while maintaining,all formation constraints.
Phase I study of G3139, a bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotide, combined with carboplatin and etoposide in patients with small-cell lung cancer.

PURPOSE Bcl-2 is expressed in the majority of cases of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and may contribute to chemotherapeutic resistance. Bcl-2 suppression by G3139 (oblimersen sodium), a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide complementary to the bcl-2 mRNA, has the potential to enhance the antitumor efficacy of standard cytotoxic chemotherapy. A dose-finding study was performed evaluating the combination of G3139, carboplatin, and etoposide in patients with previously untreated extensive stage SCLC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixteen patients were treated in three consecutive cohorts. Cohort 1 (n=5) received G3139 5 mg/kg/d on days 1 to 8 of a 21 day cycle, with carboplatin area under the curve (AUC)=6 on day 6, and etoposide 80 mg/m2/d on days 6 to 8. In cohort 2 (n=4), carboplatin dose was reduced to AUC=5. In cohort 3 (n=7), G3139 dose was escalated to 7 mg/kg/d. G3139 plasma concentrations and Bcl-2 protein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were evaluated. RESULTS Two of three assessable patients in cohort 1 experienced cycle 1 dose-limiting toxicity (grade 4 neutropenia). No cycle 1 dose-limited toxicity was observed in cohorts 2 or 3. Of 14 patients assessable for response, partial response was documented in 12 patients (86%), and stable disease in two. Median time to progression was 5.9 months. Carboplatin and etoposide administration did not appear to alter G3139 pharmacokinetics. No evidence of Bcl-2 suppression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was observed. CONCLUSION The combination of G3139, carboplatin, and etoposide is well tolerated and results in an encouraging response rate and time to progression in patients with extensive stage SCLC.
Design of Ultra Wideband Bandpass Dual Band Filter Using Defected Ground Structures

This paper presents a novel approach for designing compact and ultra wideband filter with independently controlled central frequencies. The structure consists of a microstrip line and two defected ground structure cells that are imbedded together. Each of the cells results in respective passband, outer cell for the first passband and inner one for the second passband. By changing dimensions of the resonators the central frequency of two passbands can be independently regulated in a wide range. Several attenuation polls in the stopband are realized that improve the isolation between two passbands. A 1.8GHz, 3.3GHz dual band filter is designed and simulated with fractional bandwidth of 43% and 15%.
Observations on the morphology of adults and larval stages of Oesophagostomum sp. isolated from man in northern Togo and Ghana

Abstract Infection with Oesophagostomum sp. appears to be extremely common in man in northern Togo and Ghana Adult specimens were recovered from the intestinal lumen by treatment with pyrantel pamoate and the morphological characteristics of oesophagostomes of man could for the first time be compared with information available on the morphology of oesophagostomes of monkeys. The observations and measurements demonstrated that the species involved is Oesophagostomum bifurcum and that the eggs of this species cannot be differentiated from those of Necator americanus. Both infections occur simultaneously in the population involved. The L1 larvae, too, cannot be differentiated from hookworm L1 larvae. The L3 however, are characteristic. Diagnoses of human Oesophagostomum infections is based on the detection of these larvae in coprocultures. In the present paper, the eggs, the L1 and L3 larval stages and the adults, carefully described and photos are given.
Phi-Divergence Constrained Ambiguous Stochastic Programs for Data-Driven Optimization

This paper investigates the use of φ-divergences in ambiguous (or distributionally robust) two-stage stochastic programs. Classical stochastic programming assumes the distribution of uncertain parameters are known. However, the true distribution is unknown in many applications. Especially in cases where there is little data or not much trust in the data, an ambiguity set of distributions can be used to hedge against the distributional uncertainty. φ-divergences (e.g., Kullback-Leibler divergence, χ distance, etc.) provide a natural way to create an ambiguity set of distributions that are centered around a nominal distribution. The nominal distribution can be obtained by using observed data, expert opinions, simulations, and so forth. In this paper, we present a classification of φ-divergences to elucidate their use for models with different properties and sources of data. We illustrate our classification on φ-divergences that result in common risk optimization models. A condition for assessing the value of collecting additional data is derived, and we demonstrate that the φ-divergence-based ambiguous program behaves essentially the same as the associated non-ambiguous stochastic program as more data is collected. We present a decomposition-based solution algorithm to solve the resulting model. Finally, we demonstrate the behavior of φ-divergences in an optimization setting for a numerical example.
Facebook for Geese: The Causes and Consequences of Non-random Social Associations in a Group Forager

3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 CONTENTS 7 LIST OF TABLES 13 LIST OF FIGURES 14 AUTHOR’S DECLARATION 17 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 19 1.1 Living in groups: how animal sociality really works 20 1.2 The evolution of fission-fusion social systems 21 1.3 The evolution and development of social structure in fission-fusion societies 22 1.4 Repeated interactions, familiarity and cooperation 23 1.5 Consequences of social structure in fission-fusion societies 25 1.5. 1 Individual-level effects of fission-fusion dynamics 26 1.5. 2 Population-level consequences of fission-fusion dynamics 27 1.6 Using social networks 28
Sigma ligands with subnanomolar affinity and preference for the sigma 2 binding site. 1. 3-(omega-aminoalkyl)-1H-indoles.

A series of 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-butyl-substituted 4-phenylpiperidines, 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines, and 4-phenylpiperazines was synthesized. The phenyl group was optionally substituted with 4-fluoro or 2-methoxy substituents. High affinity for both sigma 1 and sigma 2 binding sites was achieved with these compounds. Additionally, these compounds had relatively high affinity for serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A, dopamine D2, and adrenergic alpha 1 receptors. Introduction of a 4-fluorophenyl substituent at the indole nitrogen atom rendered very selective sigma 2 ligands with subnanomolar affinity for the sigma 2 binding site. The prototype of such a compound was 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-[4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-piperidinyl]-1-butyl]-1H- indole, 11a (code no. Lu 29-253). This compound had the following binding affinities: IC50 (sigma 1) = 16 nM, IC50 (sigma 2) = 0.27 nM, IC50 (5-HT1A) = 22,000 nM, IC50 (5-HT2A) = 270 nM, IC50 (D2) = 4200 nM, IC50 (alpha 1) = 220 nM. Spiro-joining of the phenyl and the piperidine rings into a spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4'-piperdine] ring system resulted in even more selective compounds. Variations of the 1-substituent at the indole and of the chain length of the alkylene spacer group were studied. The optimal compound was the spiro analogue of compound 11a. This compound is 1'-[4-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-1-butyl]spiro[isobenzofuran- 1(3H),4'-piperidine], 14f (code no. Lu 28-179), with the binding affinities: IC50 (sigma 1) = 17 nM, IC50 (sigma 2) = 0.12 nM, IC50 (5-HT1A) = 21,000 nM, IC50 (5-HT2A) = 2000 nM, IC50 (D2) = 800 nM, IC50 (alpha 1) = 330 nM. However, the most selective sigma 2 versus sigma 1 ligand was the tropane derivative 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-[4-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2. 1]oct-2- en-8-yl]-1-butyl]-1H-indole, 15a. This compound had the following binding affinities: IC50 (sigma 1) = 1200 nM, IC50 (sigma 2) = 2.5 nM. Potent anxiolytic activity in the black/white box exploration test in rats was found with the two most prominent sigma 2 ligands Lu 29-253 and Lu 28-179. Good penetration into the CNS was documented both after subcutaneous and peroral administration of Lu 28-179 by ex vivo binding studies. Long duration of action was demonstrated both in ex vivo binding (T1/2 approximately 20 h) and in the black/white box exploration test.
Sustained Protection in Mice Immunized with Fractional Doses of Salmonella Enteritidis Core and O Polysaccharide-Flagellin Glycoconjugates

Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium are a major cause of invasive bacterial disease (e.g., bacteremia, meningitis) in infants and young children in sub-Saharan Africa and also occasionally cause invasive disease in highly susceptible hosts (young infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised subjects) in industrialized countries. No licensed vaccines exist against human NTS infections. NTS core and O polysaccharide (COPS) and FliC (Phase 1 flagellin subunits) each constitute protective antigens in murine models. S. Enteritidis COPS conjugated to FliC represents a promising vaccine approach that elicits binding and opsonophagocytic antibodies and protects mice against lethal challenge with virulent S. Enteritidis. We examined the protective efficacy of fractional dosages of S. Enteritidis COPS:FliC conjugate vaccines in mice, and also established that protection can be passively transferred to naïve mice by administering sera from mice immunized with conjugate. Mice were immunized with three doses of either 10 µg, 2.5 µg (full dose), 0.25 µg, or 0.025 µg S. Enteritidis COPS:FliC conjugate at 28 day intervals. Antibody titers to COPS and FliC measured by ELISA fell consonant with progressively smaller vaccine dosage levels; anti-FliC IgG responses remained robust at fractional dosages for which anti-COPS serum IgG titers were decreased. Nevertheless, >90% protection against intraperitoneal challenge was observed in mice immunized with fractional dosages of conjugate that elicited diminished titers to both FliC and COPS. Passive transfer of immune sera from mice immunized with the highest dose of COPS:FliC to naïve mice was also protective, demonstrating the role of antibodies in mediating protection. These results provide important insights regarding the potency of Salmonella glycoconjugate vaccines that use flagellin as a carrier protein.
A review of literature on the theory of hit and kill probabilities

Literature concerning the theory of hit and kill probabilities is readily available but is widely scattered. The paper presents a consolidation and a categorization of current literature and provides a general discussion of representative models in the field of hit and kill probabilities. A literature research matrix is presented to aid the researcher in locating existing models which meet his requirements