Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Generalization by Incorporating Prior Knowledge on Features

In the standard formulation of supervised learning the input is represented as a vector ofd features, and our goal is to learn a function over R. However, in most real-life problems, we also have additional information about each of the features. This information can be represented as a set of properties, referred to asmeta-features . For instance, in an image recognition task, where the features are pixels, the meta-features are the (x, y) position of each pixel. We propose a learning framework that incorporates meta-features. In this framework we assume that a weight is assigned to each feature, as in linear discrimination. Then, instead of learning the weights directly, we learn a function that maps from the metafeature space to the weights. Using this framework we analyze the theoretical advantages of incorporating meta-features into the learning, and derive practical algorithms that improve generalization by using meta-features. The framework is demonstrated on a handwritten digit recognition task and on a collaborative filtering problem of predicting movie ratings.
Demonstration of Optical 3R Regenerator for 10 Gb/s NRZ signal in Reconfigurable Recirculating Loop Transmission

This paper demonstrates optical 3R regeneration for a 10 Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) data format. Semiconductor optical amplifier based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (SOA-MZI) wavelength converters, synchronous modulator, and Fabry-Perot filter (FPF) are used for 3R regenearation including all-optical clock recovery. Recirculating loop transmission experiments compare transmission performances with different 3R regenation spacings. Transmission with the 3R regenerator shows significant performance improvement over that without 3R regeneration in terms of eye diagram, Q-factor, and transmission distance. Q-factors around 20 dB are obtained up to a transmission distance of 5000 km when the 3R regeneration spacing is 100 or 500 km.
Can Neuromodulation also Enhance Social Inequality? Some Possible Indirect Interventions of the State

There is evidence that noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS), and especially transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), can improve some cognitive functions, at least temporarily. However, as the improvement only applies to some “lucky” people, it may raise ethical, social and legal issues related to fairness in selective contexts (exams, competitions, job interviews). In this regard, an important element tends to be overlooked: the variability in individual response to tDCS in particular. If intensive study or practice and massive doses of chemical enhancers can have slightly different effects over different people, tDCS can sometimes be completely ineffective. The variability in individual response, if tDCS were widely used, could add to the already present natural inequalities between people, or even create new ones, leaving some in a disadvantaged condition. The discussion of the various ethical, social and legal consequences of different individual responses to tDCS might also address a potential indirect intervention by the State. In fact, if NIBS were to be widespread in competitive contexts, those who do not benefit from tDCS would be disadvantaged compared to those able to enhance their skills thanks to neuromodulation technologies. The most disadvantaged people for their lower response to tDCS could then acquire the right to receive and use free and safe cognitive enhancing drugs or other forms of bettering cognitive skills and functions, so as to reduce the gap between them and those who respond well to tDCS, in the light of the principle of equal opportunity.
Phylogenetic Signals of Salinity and Season in Bacterial Community Composition Across the Salinity Gradient of the Baltic Sea

Understanding the key processes that control bacterial community composition has enabled predictions of bacterial distribution and function within ecosystems. In this study, we used the Baltic Sea as a model system to quantify the phylogenetic signal of salinity and season with respect to bacterioplankton community composition. The abundances of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing reads were analyzed from samples obtained from similar geographic locations in July and February along a brackish to marine salinity gradient in the Baltic Sea. While there was no distinct pattern of bacterial richness at different salinities, the number of bacterial phylotypes in winter was significantly higher than in summer. Bacterial community composition in brackish vs. marine conditions, and in July vs. February was significantly different. Non-metric multidimensional scaling showed that bacterial community composition was primarily separated according to salinity and secondly according to seasonal differences at all taxonomic ranks tested. Similarly, quantitative phylogenetic clustering implicated a phylogenetic signal for both salinity and seasonality. Our results suggest that global patterns of bacterial community composition with respect to salinity and season are the result of phylogenetically clustered ecological preferences with stronger imprints from salinity.
Statistical Analysis of Comments on Reddit

Social networking site is a type of repository where you can find all type of information from all around the world. Reddit is a rising social website containing meaningful and useful information. Various view, comments and likes by people on social networking sites enables them to gather a large set of data to arrive at some consensus or analysis. This paper is a study to analyze the tendency of human to stick to a topic while commenting on a social networking site.
Imaging chemical differentiation around the low-mass protostar L483-mm

This paper presents a millimeter wavelength aperture-synthesis study of the spatial variations of the chemistry in the envelope around the deeply embedded low-mass protostar L483-mm on ∼1000 AU (5 �� ) scales. Lines of 8 molecular species including CN, C 18 O, CS, C 34 S, HCN, H 13 CN, HCO + and N2H + have been observed using the Owens Valley Radio Observatory Millimeter Array. Continuum emission at 2.7-3.4 mm is well-fit by an envelope model based on previously reported submil- limeter continuum images down to the sensitivity of the interferometer without introducing a disk/compact source, in contrast to what is seen for other protostellar objects. A velocity gradient in dense material close to the central protostar is traced by HCN, CS and N2H + , and is perpendicular to the large-scale CO outflow, with a pattern consistent with rotation around a ∼1 M� central object. Velocity gradients in the propagation direction of the outflow suggest a clear interaction between the outflowing material and "quiescent" core. Significant differences are observed between the emission morphologies of various molecular species. The C 18 O interferometer observations are fit with a "drop" abundance profile where CO is frozen-out in a region of the envelope with temperatures lower than 40 K and densities higher than 1.5 × 10 5 cm −3 , which is also required to reproduce previously reported single-dish observations. The N2H + emission strongly resembles that of NH3 and is found to be absent toward the central continuum source. This is a direct consequence of the high CO abundances in the inner region as illustrated by a chemical model for the L483 envelope. The observed CN emission forms a spatial borderline between the outflowing and quiescent material probed by, respectively, HCO + and N2H + , and also shows intermediate velocities compared to these two species. A scenario is suggested in which CN is enhanced in the walls of an outflow cavity due to the impact of UV irradiation either from the central protostellar system or related to shocks caused by the outflow.
A better approach for object tracking using dual-tree complex wavelet transform

One of the most crucial tasks in content based video coding is the object retrieval and its tracking in subsequent frames. A number of algorithms for object tracking using real wavelet transforms have been proposed in literature. Major deficiencies in these algorithms are due to shift variance and directional selectivity problem of the real wavelet transforms. In this paper an algorithm for object tracking using dual-tree complex wavelet transform has been proposed which removes these problems of real wavelet transforms, experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is better than existing wavelet transform based.
Mining a government affairs microblog network with SNA for improving e-Government in participatory budgeting management

Today e-Government is indispensible to the public administration and microblogs are often used as a part of e-Government especially when the public administration needs wide-ranging citizens' participations. The participatory budgeting management in which citizens are given rights to decide how much money will be spent on the public budgeting projects is such kind of public administration. How to make full use of the government affair microblogs in the participatory budgeting management is the serious problem that the local governments in China are facing with. In this paper, we demonstrate the mining of a government affairs microblog network involved in the participatory budgeting management from Sina Weibo, the largest microblog platform in China, with Social Network Analysis, in order to put forward clues for improving the application of the government affair microblogs in e-Government implement of the participatory budgeting management. We dissect the network from two layers. On the first layer, we reveal the structural characteristics of the whole government affairs network with four features, including density, clustering coefficient, geodesic distance, and cliques. On the second layer, we first analyze the structural characteristics of the individual microblogs with four features, including degree, closeness, betweenness, and core & periphery, and then illustrate the powerful microbloggers with the help of revealing their identities in the real world.
The Effect of Learning Model and Intelligence Quotient on Critical Thinking and Handball Games Performance

Teaching physical education in schools today is still based on the delivery of the games movement and sports information, so that the cognitive ability, reflective-critical thinking skills, and students’ performance have not fully developed yet. The purpose of this study was to discover the reflective cognitive development of critical thinking abilities and the performance in playing handball in physical education classes. Its used 2x2 factorial design conducted on 74 students of grade Sernior High School in Bandung. Instrument used to measure the ability of critical thinking was the test to measure the critical thinking ability, while GPAI was used to measure games performance. The study shows that there is a significant effect of the critical thinking skills inquiry learning model treatment, whereas the direct treatment shows that there is a significant influence on the performance in playing handball. The results also discover the interaction in intelligence quotient and learning model and both of the models have influence on the students who have high and low intelligence. Abstrak Pengajaran pendidikan jasmani di sekolah masih berlandaskan pada penyampaian informasi gerak permainan atau olahraga semata, sehingga kemampuan kognitif reflektif-kemampuan berpikir kritis dan penampilan bermain siswa belum berkembang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menelurusi kebenaran pengembangan kognitif reflektif-kemampuan berpikir kritis dan penampilan bermain bola tangan dalam pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani.Penelitian ini menggunakan desain faktorial 2x2 dilakukan pada 74 orang siswa kelas SMA di Bandung. Instrument yang digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan berpikir kritis yaitu dengan tes kemampuan berpikir kritis sedangkan GPAI untuk mengukur keterampilan bermain. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan kemampuan berpikir kritis dari perlakuan model pembelajaran inkuiri, sedangkan pada perlakuan direct teaching menyatakan pula terdapat pengaruh signifikan penampilan bermain bola tangan. Hasil penelitian selanjutnya model pembelajaran dengan intelligence quotient terdapat interaksi dan kedua model tersebut mempengaruhi pada tingkat siswa yang memiliki intelligence tinggi daan rendah.
Complexity Compression and Evolution

')(+*$(-, .0/ ,214365 798;:=<2> ? A@B:=CED F C G HI? BCAJ%K;8ML N F2OAP-Q > ? A> : OAPSR 8-T6HI? BJ F CB:=U VW> P ? B@BCAK P;X TYD K;? Z-[-@BCA> J F 8 F\X [-@B> G9]-^2^+_I_;` G)HI? BCBJ%Ka8ML 8;H2? L-:=8Mb X @E`2`Ic :d8eT6H2? AJ F CA:=Ufc K;8;:hgBL-H\? BCAJ! K;8 LWciL-> jk/ lnmBo p;5 orqsp;5 t2u p-m 798;:=<2> ? A@B:=CED F C G HI? BCAJ%K;8ML N F2OAP-Q > ? A> : OAPSR 8-T6HI? BJ F CB:=U VW> P ? B@BCAK P;X TYD K;? Z-[-@BCA> J F 8 F\X [-@B> G9]-^2^+_I_;` G)HI? BCBJ%Ka8ML QMF 8;v PMF Twb X @$`2`Ic :=8-TxH2? BJ F CA:dUWc K;8;:hgyLeH2? BCAJzK;8ML{c Le>
Scalable Multi-Database Privacy-Preserving Record Linkage using Counting Bloom Filters

Privacy-preserving record linkage (PPRL) aims at integrating sensitive information from multiple disparate databases of different organizations. PPRL approaches are increasingly required in real-world application areas such as healthcare, national security, and business. Previous approaches have mostly focused on linking only two databases as well as the use of a dedicated linkage unit. Scaling PPRL to more databases (multi-party PPRL) is an open challenge since privacy threats as well as the computation and communication costs for record linkage increase significantly with the number of databases. We thus propose the use of a new encoding method of sensitive data based on Counting Bloom Filters (CBF) to improve privacy for multi-party PPRL. We also investigate optimizations to reduce communication and computation costs for CBF-based multi-party PPRL with and without the use of a dedicated linkage unit. Empirical evaluations conducted with real datasets show the viability of the proposed approaches and demonstrate their scalability, linkage quality, and privacy protection.
Clinical Epidemiology and Paraclinical Findings in Tuberculosis Patients in North of Iran

Background. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.TB) causes a wide spectrum of clinical diseases. The prevalence of TB is different in various parts of Iran and throughout the world. The present study aimed to determine the clinical epidemiology and paraclinical findings of TB. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2008 to 2013. Patient demographic, clinical, and radiologic characteristics, picked up from the TB patient's files, were collected using a standard questionnaire format. Data was entered and analyzed using the SPSS version 16 statistical software and P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Out of 212 patients enrolled in this study 62% were male and the mean age was about 50 years old. 98.6% were Iranian, and 46.2% were rural. Prevalence of smear-positive TB was 66.4%. Prevalence of positive PPD was 50.7% with no significant difference between HIV-positive and -negative patients (P = 0.8). Prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 17%. 36% of the patients had history of smoking and about 29.3% were addicted to narcotics. Cough was the most common symptom (94.5%) and 84% had sputum. 15 cases (7%) had extrapulmonary TB. The mean time between the onset of symptoms and admission was 46.5 days. The delay for admission between urban and rural populations was not significantly different (P = 0.68); but for those who were in prison, the delay was significant (P = 0.02). About 46% of the patients had cavitary lesions in CXRs. Conclusion. Timely diagnosis of TB especially in prisoners by understanding its most important epidemiologic characteristics and clinical features can help to make an early treatment and prevent spread of mycobacteria and their complications.
Outperforming LRU via competitive analysis on parametrized inputs for paging

Competitive analysis was often criticized because of its too pessimistic guarantees which do not reflect the behavior of paging algorithms in practice. For instance, many deterministic paging algorithms achieve the optimal competitive ratio of k, yet LRU and its variants clearly outperform the rest in practice. In this paper we aim to reuse and refine insights from the competitive analysis to obtain new algorithms that cause few cache misses in practice. We propose a new measure of the "evilness" of the adversary, which results in a parametrization of the input that we denote attack rate. This measure is based on the characterization in [22] of the optimal offline algorithm and uses the fact that a number of pages are for sure in its memory. We show that the attack rate r is a tight bound on the competitive ratio of deterministic paging algorithms and give experimental results which show that r is usually much smaller than the cache size k and thus provides more realistic upper bounds for the competitive ratio of existing algorithms. Furthermore, we show that our input parametrization compares favorably concerning the fault rate with approaches based on locality of reference by Albers et al. [2] and Dorrigiv et al. [14] We use a priority-based framework, which always yields r-competitive algorithms regardless of the priority assignment. In this framework, LRU can be obtained under a certain priority assignment and is thus only one algorithm among many other r-competitive ones. Using the enhanced flexibility given by this framework, we give a priority policy which leads to an algorithm outperforming LRU, RLRU and other practical algorithms on a wide selection of real-world cache traces.
Disc formation and the origin of clumpy galaxies at high redshift

Observations of high-redshift galaxies have revealed a multitude of large clumpy rapidly star-forming galaxies. Their formation scenario and their link to present-day spirals are still unknown. In this Letter, we perform adaptive mesh refinement simulations of disc formation in a cosmological context that are unrivalled in terms of mass and spatial resolution. We find that the so-called 'chain-galaxies' and 'clump-clusters' are a natural outcome of early epochs of enhanced gas accretion from cold dense streams as well as tidally and ram-pressured stripped material from minor mergers and satellites. Through interaction with the hot halo gas, this freshly accreted cold gas settles into a large disc-like system, not necessarily aligned to an older stellar component, that undergoes fragmentation and subsequent star formation, forming large clumps in the mass range 10 7-10 9 M ⊙. Galaxy formation is a complex process at this important epoch when most of the central baryons are being acquired through a range of different mechanisms - we highlight that a rapid mass loading epoch is required to fuel the fragmentation taking place in the massive arms in the outskirts of extended discs, an accretion mode that occurs naturally in the hierarchical assembly process at early epochs.
The Poverty and Mental Health Association in Iran

T his study investigates the impact of poverty, which is the direct effect of recent economic changes, on Iranians mental health to shed more light on the poverty and mental health nexus in developing countries. For the purpose of this study, we examine the existence of a possible association between poverty and mental health in urban districts of Iran by applying a double hurdle approach for the period of 2012-2014. We split our sample into 12 age cohorts: 21-25 … 76-80 within 4 major age groups: 21-30, 31-40, 41-60, and 61-80. The results show that there is a negative relationship between poverty and mental health for all gender and age groups. Our analysis indicates that the impact of poverty on female’s mental status is greater early in life but males mental health suffer from poverty at mid-life and end of life. We conclude that the economic burdens against Iranians, which has changed their poverty status, have also exacerbated their mental health status.
AspiriN To Inhibit SEPSIS (ANTISEPSIS) randomised controlled trial protocol

Introduction Sepsis is a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, and is more common at the extremes of age. Moreover, the cost of in-hospital care for elderly patients with sepsis is significant. There are indications from experimental and observational studies that aspirin may reduce inflammation associated with infection. This paper describes the rationale and design of the AspiriN To Inhibit SEPSIS (ANTISEPSIS) trial, a substudy of ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE). ANTISEPSIS primarily aims to determine whether low-dose aspirin reduces sepsis-related deaths in older people. Additionally, it will assess whether low-dose aspirin reduces sepsis-related hospitalisations and sepsis-related Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions. Methods and analysis ASPREE is a double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled primary prevention trial that will determine whether daily low-dose aspirin extends disability-free longevity in 19 000 healthy older people recruited in Australia and the USA. The ANTISEPSIS substudy involves additional ASPREE trial data collection to assess the impact of daily low-dose aspirin on sepsis-related events in the 16 703 ASPREE participants aged 70 years and over, recruited in Australia. The intervention is a daily 100 mg dose of enteric-coated aspirin versus matching placebo, with 1:1 randomisation. The primary outcome for the ANTISEPSIS substudy is the incidence of sepsis-related death in eligible patients. The incidence of sepsis-related hospital and ICU admissions are secondary outcomes. ANTISEPSIS is to be conducted between 2012 and 2018. Discussion This substudy will determine whether aspirin, an inexpensive and accessible therapy, safely reduces sepsis-related deaths and hospitalisations in older Australians. If shown to be the case, this would have profound effects on the health of older Australians. Trial registration number Pre-results, ACTRN12613000349741.
Statistical restoration of images using a hybrid Bayesian approach

The desire to view smaller and smaller attributes within biological specimens means that confocal microscopes are often used at the limit of their resolution. For quantitative analysis of smaller sized attributes, and as a necessary preprocessing stage for automatic recognition and classification of objects it is essential that confocal images are restored. A fast new hybrid statistical restoration algorithm is presented which makes use of deterministic methodology to speed up optimisation of the posterior probability. Additionally, a prior probability model based on the Bayesian classifier is proposed. Restorations of real confocal image data using the above technique and prior are presented and discussed. Quantative analysis of the improvement gained through our hybrid approach is also presented.
Accurate Magnetic Modelling and Performance Analysis of IPM-PMASR Motors

Modern IPM motors, suited to large constant-power speed ranges, have a multiple flux-barrier rotor structure and show a quite complex magnetic behaviour. In this paper the flux-current relationship of such motors is analysed and a simplified but effective model of the cross-saturation phenomenon is proposed and verified by experiment. In addition, new flux variables are introduced, that allow a rigorous splitting of PM and reluctance torques. It is shown that the PM contribution to torque is larger than expected from the PM no-load flux. This can lead to more accurate machine design and control strategies.
Consistent Approximations of Some Geometric Differential Operators

The numerical integration of many geometric partial differential equations involve discrete approximations of some differential geometric operators. In this paper, we consider consistent discretized approximations of these operators based on a quadratic fitting scheme. Asymptotic error analysis on the quadratic fitting are conducted. The experiments show that the proposed approach is effective.