Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Agonist-dependent Phosphorylation of the Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor

The properties of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-dependent intracellular calcium oscillations in pancreatic acinar cells depend crucially on the agonist used to stimulate them. Acetylcholine or carbachol (CCh) cause high-frequency (10–12-s period) calcium oscillations that are superimposed on a raised baseline, while cholecystokinin (CCK) causes long-period (>100-s period) baseline spiking. We show that physiological concentrations of CCK induce rapid phosphorylation of the IP3 receptor, which is not true of physiological concentrations of CCh. Based on this and other experimental data, we construct a mathematical model of agonist-specific intracellular calcium oscillations in pancreatic acinar cells. Model simulations agree with previous experimental work on the rates of activation and inactivation of the IP3 receptor by calcium (DuFour, J.-F., I.M. Arias, and T.J. Turner. 1997. J. Biol. Chem. 272:2675–2681), and reproduce both short-period, raised baseline oscillations, and long-period baseline spiking. The steady state open probability curve of the model IP3 receptor is an increasing function of calcium concentration, as found for type-III IP3 receptors by Hagar et al. (Hagar, R.E., A.D. Burgstahler, M.H. Nathanson, and B.E. Ehrlich. 1998. Nature. 396:81–84). We use the model to predict the effect of the removal of external calcium, and this prediction is confirmed experimentally. We also predict that, for type-III IP3 receptors, the steady state open probability curve will shift to lower calcium concentrations as the background IP3 concentration increases. We conclude that the differences between CCh- and CCK-induced calcium oscillations in pancreatic acinar cells can be explained by two principal mechanisms: (a) CCK causes more phosphorylation of the IP3 receptor than does CCh, and the phosphorylated receptor cannot pass calcium current; and (b) the rate of calcium ATPase pumping and the rate of calcium influx from the outside the cell are greater in the presence of CCh than in the presence of CCK.
EARLINET: towards an advanced sustainable European aerosol lidar network

The European Aerosol Research Lidar Network, EARLINET, was founded in 2000 as a research project for establishing a quantitative, comprehensive, and statistically significant database for the horizontal, vertical, and tempo- ral distribution of aerosols on a continental scale. Since then EARLINET has continued to provide the most extensive col- lection of ground-based data for the aerosol vertical distribu- tion over Europe. This paper gives an overview of the network's main de- velopments since 2000 and introduces the dedicated EAR- LINET special issue, which reports on the present innova- tive and comprehensive technical solutions and scientific re- sults related to the use of advanced lidar remote sensing tech- niques for the study of aerosol properties as developed within the network in the last 13 years. Since 2000, EARLINET has developed greatly in terms of number of stations and spatial distribution: from 17 sta- tions in 10 countries in 2000 to 27 stations in 16 countries in 2013. EARLINET has developed greatly also in terms of technological advances with the spread of advanced multi- wavelength Raman lidar stations in Europe. The develop- ments for the quality assurance strategy, the optimization of instruments and data processing, and the dissemination of data have contributed to a significant improvement of the net- work towards a more sustainable observing system, with an increase in the observing capability and a reduction of oper- ational costs. Consequently, EARLINET data have already been ex- tensively used for many climatological studies, long-range transport events, Saharan dust outbreaks, plumes from vol- canic eruptions, and for model evaluation and satellite data validation and integration. Future plans are aimed at continuous measurements and near-real-time data delivery in close cooperation with other ground-based networks, such as in the ACTRIS (Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research InfraStructure Network) www.actris. net, and with the modeling and satellite commu- nity, linking the research community with the operational world, with the aim of establishing of the atmospheric part of the European component of the integrated global observ- ing system.
Selenium in cancer prevention: a review of the evidence and mechanism of action

Se is an unusual trace element in having its own codon in mRNA that specifies its insertion into selenoproteins as selenocysteine (SeCys), by means of a mechanism requiring a large SeCys-insertion complex. This exacting insertion machinery for selenoprotein production has implications for the Se requirements for cancer prevention. If Se may protect against cancer, an adequate intake of Se is desirable. However, the level of intake in Europe and some parts of the world is not adequate for full expression of protective selenoproteins. The evidence for Se as a cancer preventive agent includes that from geographic, animal, prospective and intervention studies. Newly-published prospective studies on oesophageal, gastric-cardia and lung cancer have reinforced previous evidence, which is particularly strong for prostate cancer. Interventions with Se have shown benefit in reducing the risk of cancer incidence and mortality in all cancers combined, and specifically in liver, prostate, colo-rectal and lung cancers. The effect seems to be strongest in those individuals with the lowest Se status. As the level of Se that appears to be required for optimal effect is higher than that previously understood to be required to maximise the activity of selenoenzymes, the question has been raised as to whether selenoproteins are involved in the anti-cancer process. However, recent evidence showing an association between Se, reduction of DNA damage and oxidative stress together with data showing an effect of selenoprotein genotype on cancer risk implies that selenoproteins are indeed implicated. The likelihood of simultaneous and consecutive effects at different cancer stages still allows an important role for anti-cancer Se metabolites such as methyl selenol formed from γ-glutamyl-selenomethyl-SeCys and selenomethyl-SeCys, components identified in certain plants and Se-enriched yeast that have anti-cancer effects. There is some evidence that Se may affect not only cancer risk but also progression and metastasis. Current primary and secondary prevention trials of Se are underway in the USA, including the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) relating to prostate cancer, although a large European trial is still desirable given the likelihood of a stronger effect in populations of lower Se status.
Comparison between RSSI-based and TOF-based Indoor Positioning Methods

A location-based service (LBS) cannot be realized unless solutions of the positioning problem are available at hand. For the outdoor positioning, GPS based practical solutions have been introduced. Using GPS they have developed so many commercial LBS systems. Navigation, logistics, troop management and fleet management are all examples of LBS. LBS is so useful that it should be available in doors. However, GPS signal is so weak inside buildings that we cannot determine the location of a moving object in doors with GPS only. Therefore, so many indoor positioning researches have been performed. Cricket, Active Badge and BAT are pioneers in the field of indoor positioning. They are very accurate but they require special equipments dedicated for positioning. Using special equipments is not economical. Therefore, many researchers have suggested using wireless local area networks (WLAN) in positioning. Among the methods they are using, the fingerprinting methods are most accurate. The deployment of the fingerprinting methods consists of two phases: the offline phase and the on-line phase. During the off-line phase a site-survey of the received signal strength indices (RSSIs) from access points (APs) is performed. The vector of the RSSI values at a point is called the location fingerprint of that point. A lot of location fingerprints must be collected at each of the points in the site during the off-line phase. This is extremely tedious and time consuming. An alternative choice is the trilateration method. This method converts RSSIs from APs into distances and determines the location of the moving object with the distances and the locations of the APs. That is, we only need the coordinates of the APs in the site to get ready to run the trilateration positioning program. The conversion rule of RSSIs into distances is based on the RF propagation loss model. The model is a simple mathematical expression representing the relationship between the RSSI and the distance. However, the RSSI is influenced by obstructions, reflections and multipath and the RF propagation loss model is very erroneous. As a result, WLAN based trilateration is much less accurate than the fingerprinting method. Nevertheless, the trilateration method could be more practical than the fingerprinting method because it does not require the time consuming offline phase process. Therefore, they established IEEE 802.15. 4 A where the distance is determined by the speed of RF and TOF (Time of Flight). Ubi-nanoLOC mote complies with IEEE 802.15. 4 A. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the WLAN-based trilateration indoor positioning and the Ubi-nanoLOC indoor positioning draws our final conclusions.
No-reference PSNR estimation algorithm for H.264 encoded video sequences

This paper proposes a no-reference PSNR estimation algorithm for video sequences subject to H.264/AVC encoding. The proposed method explores statistical properties of the transformed coefficients, which can be modeled by a Cauchy or Laplace probability density function. The distribution's parameters are computed from quantized coefficient data received at the decoder, combining maximum-likelihood with linear prediction estimates. Since the proposed algorithm has no knowledge about the original sequences, it can be used as a no-reference metric for evaluating the quality of the encoded video sequences. When compared with recent state-of-the-art algorithms proposed for the same purpose, it has shown better PSNR estimation accuracy in a set of video sequences subject to different encoding rates.
The Prospective Study of risk factors for aggressive behaviors of inpatients with mental illness

Objective:Prospective explore the prediction method for aggressive behaviors of inpatients with mental illness.Methods:226 inpatients,form the same department of psychiatry,was enrolled for risk factor analyzing by one way analysis of variance(ANOVA) and multiple logistic regression.Results: 14 factors show relationship to aggressive behaviors by ANOVA,include gender,age,occupation,economic status,aggressive behavior history,progression of disease,social influence,average space of sickbed,total number of sickbeds,average time of Outdoor activities,NOSIE in admission,NOSIE in discharge,CGI in admission,CGI in discharge.In multiple logistic regression model: ranking,aggressive behavior history,NOSIE in discharge,quality of life still associate with aggressive behaviors.Conclusions: Among all the relating factors male,young,poor occupation,poor economic status,poor quality of life should be addressed with the most attention.Controlling the disease and improving ward conditions are effective ways to reduce the aggressive behaviors of inpatients with mental illness.
Cosmological Breaking of Supersymmetry or Little Lambda Goes Back to the Future II

It is conjectured that M-theory in asymptotically flat spacetime must be supersymmetric, and that the observed SUSY breaking in the low energy world must be attributed to the existence of a nonzero cosmological constant. This would be consistent with experiment, if the critical exponent α in the relation MSUSY ∼ MP (Λ/M P ) took on the value 1/8 , rather than its classical value 1/4. We attribute this large renormalization to the effect of large virtual black holes via the UV/IR correspondence.
A learning progression should address regression: Insights from developing non-linear reasoning in ecology

Although ecological systems at varying scales involve non-linear interactions, learners insist thinking in a linear fashion when they deal with ecological phenomena. The overall objective of the present contribution was to propose a hypothetical learning progression for developing non-linear reasoning in prey–predator systems and to provide empirical evidence for one part of this progression. Pre-service teachers followed three teaching units that involved a game simulation of the prey–predator system. Participants predicted how wolf and deer populations would evolve in a hypothetical forest, and then they used the simulation to generate data, construct a graph, describe their graph, and compare their predictions with graph description. A new learning context was introduced and new predictions were requested to investigate whether participants would transfer former learning experiences in the new setting. Analysis of learning products revealed the “messy” character of learners' intermediate steps. Some participants succeeded in identifying aspects of metamodeling knowledge, but this was not used in their new predictions. Graph description could either perpetuate or challenge linear heuristics depending on the strategy participants followed. There were a number of participants who misrepresented prey and predator population trends as “inversely proportional,” which indicated that there is a possibility of regression to the lower anchor. Linearity and proportionality might have re-surfaced during the learning activity sequence and linear heuristics could have been so powerful as to distract learners' attention from axes labels. Learning products constructed by learners during learning activities included crucial benchmarks to diagnose learner performance and indicated proper timing for feedback provision. Overall, the implications of the study highlight the importance of using learning products to enact formative assessment. Directions for future research are discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53: 1447–1470, 2016
Cross-lingual Information Retrieval on the WWW

Although various search systems are available on the WWW, there are only a few systems that can help people access documents in a foreign language. In order to solve this problem we have developed a cross-lingual search system that provides an interface in the native language (e.g., Japanese) while performing multilingual searches on the WWW. The system relies on two AI-based modules: a language identiier using statistic and rule-based pattern matching and a quick MT module. This paper introduces these modules and describes these roles in cross-lingual search on the WWW.
New Journal of Physics Composability in quantum cryptography

If we combine two secure cryptographic systems, is the resulting system still secure? Answering this question is highly nontrivial and has recently sparked a considerable research effort, in particular, in the area of classical cryptography. A central insight was that the answer to the question is yes, but only within a well-specified composability framework and for carefully chosen security definitions. In this article, we review several aspects of composability in the context of quantum cryptography. The first part is devoted to key distribution. We discuss the security criteria that a quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol must fulfill to allow its safe use within a larger security application (e.g. for secure message transmission); and we demonstrate—by an explicit example—what can go wrong if conventional (non-composable) security definitions are used. Finally, to illustrate the practical use of composability, we show how to generate a continuous key stream by sequentially composing rounds of a QKD protocol. In the second part, we take a more general point of view, which is necessary for the study of cryptographic situations involving, for example, mutually distrustful parties. We explain the universal composability (UC) framework and state the composition theorem that guarantees that secure protocols can securely be composed to larger applications. We focus on the secure composition of quantum protocols into unconditionally secure classical protocols. However, the resulting security definition is so strict that some tasks become impossible without additional security assumptions. Quantum bit commitment is impossible in the UC framework even with mere computational security. Similar problems arise in the quantum bounded storage model and we observe a trade-off between the UC and the use of the weakest possible security assumptions. 3 Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed. New Journal of Physics 11 (2009) 085006 1367-2630/09/085006+22$30.00 © IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft
Neural Dynamics of Saccadic Suppression

We make fast, ballistic eye movements called saccades more often than our heart beats. Although every saccade causes a large movement of the image of the environment on our retina, we never perceive this motion. This aspect of perceptual stability is often referred to as saccadic suppression: a reduction of visual sensitivity around the time of saccades. Here, we investigated the neural basis of this perceptual phenomenon with extracellular recordings from awake, behaving monkeys in the middle temporal, medial superior temporal, ventral intraparietal, and lateral intraparietal areas. We found that, in each of these areas, the neural response to a visual stimulus changes around an eye movement. The perisaccadic response changes are qualitatively different in each of these areas, suggesting that they do not arise from a change in a common input area. Importantly, our data show that the suppression in the dorsal stream starts well before the eye movement. This clearly shows that the suppression is not just a consequence of the changes in visual input during the eye movement but rather must involve a process that actively modulates neural activity just before a saccade.
A Low‐Spur CMOS PLL Using Differential Compensation Scheme

This paper proposes LC voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) phase‐locked loop (PLL) and ring‐VCO PLL topologies with low‐phase noise. Differential control loops are used for the PLL locking through a symmetrical transformer‐resonator or bilaterally controlled varactor pair. A differential compensation mechanism suppresses out‐band spurious tones. The prototypes of the proposed PLL are implemented in a CMOS 65‐nm or 45‐nm process. The measured results of the LC‐VCO PLL show operation frequencies of 3.5 GHz to 5.6 GHz, a phase noise of –118 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset, and a spur rejection of 66 dBc, while dissipating 3.2 mA at a 1 V supply. The ring‐VCO PLL shows a phase noise of –95 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset, operation frequencies of 1.2 GHz to 2.04 GHz, and a spur rejection of 59 dBc, while dissipating 5.4 mA at a 1.1 V supply.
Control and Performance in IS Projects: A Meta-Analysis of Hierarchical and Market-based Control Relationships

Literature on IS project control distinguishes between hierarchical and market-based control relationships. Prior studies typically investigate one of these two forms of control relationships in isolation. Hence, little is known about the differences between hierarchical and market-based control relationships. Responding to this gap, we analyze how the effects of control modes on IS project performance differ in hierarchical compared with market-based control relationships. Specifically, we conduct a metaanalysis to compare the effects of control modes on IS project performance reported in research on hierarchical and market-based control relationships. The results suggest that the effects of behavior and self-control on performance differ between these two forms of control relationships. Based on our results, we derive implications for complementary and substitutive effects between control modes, and for interrelations among hierarchical and market-based control relationships.
Gait and Balance Assessment in Older Persons

Although there are predictable changes in gait that occur with normal aging, most abnormalities of gait affecting older people are not due to aging per se but to specific disease processes, most of which can be helped with appropriate therapeutic modalities. It is vital that the practitioner be able to detect the presence of an unstable balance or gait, distinguish it from normal agerelated changes, identify its most likely etiology, and develop a suitable therapeutic or rehabilitative approach. (Annals of Long-Term Care: Clinical Care and Aging 2004; 12[2]:39-45) Gait and balance difficulties, and the related phenomenon of falls, are among the most serious problems facing the geriatric population. Abnormal gait affects 20-50% of people over age 65.1,2 Over one-third of older persons living at home and more than two-thirds of those in nursing homes will experience a fall each year.3 Abnormal gait and balance are among the most important causative and predictive factors of falls3,4 and are associated, as well, with considerable morbidity and self-imposed restrictions in activity.1,2
eClips: A new personalized multimedia delivery service

In a machine for spreading sheet material having a carriage movable over a table between fold retaining assemblies and with the carriage having a supply of sheet material, a positive drive roller and fold forming apparatus, a supplemental feed assembly comprising a driving connection which supplements the normal rotation of the positive drive roller to provide a selected amount of overfeed of the sheet material during the operation of the fold-forming apparatus, thereby preventing unwanted stretching of the sheet material.
MRC-Based Decision-Directed LMMSE Channel Estimation for Efficient OFDM Transmit Diversity

This paper proposes an linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) channel estimator with maximum ratio combining-based decision directed (MRC-DD) technique to increase spectral efficiency in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmit diversity. For Alamouti's transmit diversity, pilot symbols are exclusively allocated in two OFDM symbols on different antennas. This results in serious degradation of spectral efficiency. The proposed subcarrier allocation scheme uses repetition-coded data symbols to reduce the number of pilot symbols. The proposed channel estimator consists of an MRC-DD channel estimator and an LMMSE channel estimator. The MRC-DD channel estimator performs a two-step estimation procedure to obtain more accurate CFR estimates at the repetition-coded data locations: the first coarse LMMSE step and the second fine DD step. Then, the final LMMSE channel estimator gives the CFR estimates at the Alamouti-coded data locations. Simulation results show that the proposed channel estimator provides as good bit error rate performance as the conventional LMMSE channel estimator using more pilot symbols, whereas it improves spectral efficiency more than the conventional one.