Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Adaptive Security Policy Design and Management for Distributed Systems

—This paper presents an adaptive security policy management scheme for the threats in distributed systems. First, we investigate the security aspects of computer networks architecture and observe that security services are provided at application, transport and network layers of OSI model. Network layer security presents some important opportunities for offering controls over security threats to distributed information systems connected to the global Internet. Important details of Internet Protocol (IP) security services are studied and enhancements are proposed over handling both protected and unprotected packet traffics for a dynamic environment. Dynamism is in terms of severity of security threats. Our proposal includes a security policy manager (SPM), an adaptive security control mechanism that would automatically configure security levels for a host in response to the frequency of security attacks.
Accuracy of prehospital triage of trauma patients by emergency physicians: a retrospective study in western Switzerland

Objective Accurate identification of major trauma patients in the prehospital setting positively affects survival and resource utilization. Triage algorithms using predictive criteria of injury severity have been identified in paramedic-based prehospital systems. Our rescue system is based on prehospital paramedics and emergency physicians. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the prehospital triage performed by physicians and to identify the predictive factors leading to errors of triage. Methods Retrospective study of trauma patients triaged by physicians. Prehospital triage was analyzed using criteria defining major trauma victims (MTVs, Injury Severity Score >15, admission to ICU, need for immediate surgery and death within 48 h). Adequate triage was defined as MTVs oriented to the trauma centre or non-MTV (NMTV) oriented to regional hospitals. Results One thousand six hundred and eighti-five patients (blunt trauma 96%) were included (558 MTV and 1127 NMTV). Triage was adequate in 1455 patients (86.4%). Overtriage occurred in 171 cases (10.1%) and undertriage in 59 cases (3.5%). Sensitivity and specificity was 90 and 85%, respectively, whereas positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 75 and 94%, respectively. Using logistic regression analysis, significant (P<0.05) predictors of undertriage were head or thorax injuries (odds ratio >2.5). Predictors of overtriage were paediatric age group, pedestrian or 2 wheel-vehicle road traffic accidents (odds ratio >2.0). Conclusion Physicians using clinical judgement provide effective prehospital triage of trauma patients. Only a few factors predicting errors in triage process were identified in this study.
Comparative Study of Amniotic Membrane Graft

Introduction: Surgical excision remains principal mode of treatment for pterygium. Various techniques have been tried like simple excision, bare sclera method, transplantation of conjunctival auto graft (CAG) or amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) or mucous membrane to cover bare sclera and lamellar keratoplasty. Study aimed to compare the recurrence following Conjuctival autografting with Amniotic membrane grafting in pterygium surgery. Material and methods: This study group consisted of 90 patients; the patients were followed up for 6 months. First group (45 cases) underwent pterygium excision with Conjunctival autografting, second group (45 cases) received pterygium excision amniotic membrane transplantation. All cases were followed up for 6 months. Results: 51 (56.66%) were female patients and 39 (65.71%) were male patients. Highest prevalence of pterygium were seen in age group of 41-50 years 29 eyes (32.22%). Commonest presenting symptom was foreign body sensation. Out of 90 operated cases, 48 (53.33%) were right eye and 42 (46.66%) were left eye. Out of 90 patients, 84 cases had only nasal pterygium (93.33%), 4 case (4.44%) had only temporal pterygium. After surgery out of 90 patients, best corrected visual acuity remained same in 16 cases (17.77%), and improved in 74 cases (82.22%). The best corrected visual acuity of 16 (17.77%) patients remained same because of cataractous changes and ARMD changes. During the followup period of this study, in CAG group 3 cases (6.66%) had recurrence. In AMT group 7 cases (15.55%) had recurrence. Conclusion: Amniotic membrane transplantation is associated with high recurrence rates than conjunctival autografting which is in accordance with literature.
On Transiting Key in XML Data Transformation for Integration

Transformation of a source schema with its conforming data to a target schema is an important activity in data integration with any data model. In last decade, with the advent of XML as an widely used and adopted data representation and storage format over the web, the task of data transformation for the purpose of data integration solely in XML is getting much attention to the database researchers and application developers. In XML data transformation, when an XML source schema with its conforming data is transformed to the target XML schema, one of the important XML constraints, XML keys that are defined on the source schema for expressive semantics can also be transformed. Thus, whether keys should be transformed and preserved, and if not preserved, whether keys can be captured in another form of XML constraints are important research questions. To answer these questions, first, we define XML keys and XML Functional Dependencies(XFD) on Document Type Definition(DTD). Second, we show key preservation in transformation. If keys are not preserved, we then show how to capture them as XFDs. We term this as key transition. Our research on XML key preservation and transition is towards handling the issues of integrity constraints in XML data integration.
A prismatic view of protein phosphorylation in health and disease

The paramount relevance of protein phosphorylation in health and disease motivated us to gather several contributions from experts working in this area in order to portray the recent developments in the field. Our effort and the effort of 54 authors with their 12 contributions gave rise to this Research Topic, which represents a valuable forum where phosphorylation is discussed from different angles, including bioinformatics approaches and experimental methods that are currently used to decipher the complex mechanisms underlying this bewitching post-translational modification (PTM). The articles collected in this Research Topic illustrate very diverse aspects of phosphorylation, such as its biological effects and induced structural changes, the role of kinases and phosphatases as therapeutic targets, the use of phosphorylation profiles as biomarkers, how phosphorylation dys-regulation may cause disease, and more.
A Framework for Discrete Integral Transformations Ii – the 2d Discrete Radon Transform

The Radon transform is a fundamental tool in many areas. For example , in reconstruction of an image from its projections (CT scanning). Although it is situated in the core of many modern physical computations, the Radon transform lacks a coherent discrete definition for 2D discrete images which is algebraically exact, invertible, and rapidly computable. We define a notion of 2D discrete Radon transforms for discrete 2D images , which is based on summation along lines of absolute slope less than 1. Values at non-grid locations are defined using trigonometric interpolation on a zero-padded grid. The discrete 2D definition of the Radon transform 1 is shown to be geometrically faithful as the lines used for summation exhibit no wraparound effects. There exists a special set of lines in R 2 for which the transform is rapidly computable and invertible. We describe an algorithm that computes the 2D discrete Radon transform and uses O(N log N) operations, where N = n 2 is the number of pixels in the image. The algorithm relies on a discrete Fourier slice theorem, which associates the discrete Radon transform with the pseudo-polar Fourier transform [14]. Finally, we prove that our definition provides a faithful description of the continuum, as it converges to the continuous Radon transform as the dis-cretization step goes to zero.
Super Mirror: a kinect interface for ballet dancers

We propose the Super Mirror, a Kinect-based system that combines the functionality of studio mirrors and prescriptive images to provide the user with instructional feedback in real-time. In this study, we developed a working prototype of this system, which records ballet movements (also called positions and poses), captures live motion, and shows the difference between the two.
Effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) antagonism on rat jejunal fluid and electrolyte secretion induced by cholera andEscherichia colienterotoxins

BACKGROUND The enteric nervous system is important in the pathophysiology of intestinal fluid secretion induced by cholera toxin (CT),Escherichia coli heat labile (LT), and heat stable (STa) toxins. The neurotransmitters involved are not fully elucidated. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), a potent intestinal secretagogue present in the enteric nervous system, is increased after exposure of the cat intestine to CT. Whether VIP is involved in the pathogenesis of cholera and other toxins in not known. AIM To study in vivo the effect of VIP antagonism on jejunal fluid secretion induced by CT, LT, and STa. METHODS CT, LT (25 μg), or 0.9% NaCl was instilled in an isolated 25 cm segment of rat jejunum, and the VIP antagonist (VIPa) [4Cl-D-Phe6, Leu17]-VIP (0.2 or 2 μg/kg/min) or 0.9% NaCl was given intravenously. Two hours later, single pass in vivo jejunal perfusion was performed to assess fluid movement. In STa experiments, intravenous VIPa or 0.9% NaCl was given and 30 minutes later the jejunal segment was perfused with a solution containing STa 200 μg/l. RESULTS VIPa had no effect on basal intestinal fluid absorption. CT induced net fluid secretion (median −68 μl/min/g dry intestinal weight (interquartile range −80 to −56)) which was dose dependently reversed by VIPa (6.2 (−16 to 34) and 29 (17 to 42); p<0.01). Similarly, LT induced secretion (−63 (−73 to −30)) was attenuated by VIPa (0.2 μg/kg/min) (−15 (−24 to −1); p<0.01) and totally reversed to normal levels by VIPa (2 μg/kg/min) (37 (28–56); p<0.01 compared with LT and not significant compared with normal controls). STa induced secretion (−17 (−19 to −2)) was also reversed by VIPa (12 (9–23) and 14 (0–26); p<0.01). CONCLUSION VIP plays an important role in CT, LT, and STa induced intestinal secretion and may be the final putative neurotransmitter in the pathophysiology of these toxins.
Intracellular Survival in Neutrophils Listeria monocytogenes and Fails To Mediate Degraded by Neutrophil Metalloproteinase-8 The Pore-Forming Toxin Listeriolysin O Is

The pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO) is a major virulence factor secreted by the facultative intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes . This toxin facilitates L. monocytogenes intracellular survival in macrophages and diverse nonphagocytic cells by disrupting the internalization vesicle, releasing the bacterium into its replicative niche, the cytosol. Neutrophils are innate immune cells that play an important role in the control of infections, yet it was unknown if LLO could confer a survival advantage to L. monocytogenes in neutrophils. We report that LLO can enhance the phagocytic efﬁciency of human neutrophils and is unable to protect L. monocytogenes from intracellular killing. To explain the absence of L. monocytogenes survival in neutrophils, we hypothesized that neutrophil degranulation leads to the release of LLO-neutralizing molecules in the forming phagosome. In support of this, L. monocytogenes is a potent inducer of neutrophil degranulation, since its virulence factors, such as LLO, facilitate granule exocytosis. Within the ﬁrst few minutes of interaction with L. monocytogenes, granules can fuse with the plasma membrane at the bacterial interaction site before closure of the phagosome. Furthermore, granule products directly degrade LLO, irreversibly inhibiting its activity. The matrix metalloproteinase-8, stored in secondary granules, was identiﬁed as an endoprotease that degrades LLO, and blocking neutrophil proteases increased L. monocytogenes intracellular survival. In conclusion, we propose that LLO degradation by matrix metalloproteinase-8 during phagocytosis protects neutrophil membranes from perforation and contributes to maintaining L. monocytogenes in a bactericidal phagosome from which it cannot escape. The Journal of Immunology , 2014, 192: 000–000. a MOI of in- cubated at 37˚C for 30 min with Neutrophils incubated with blocking solution for 30 min, and labeled with FITC-conjugated anti-CD63, (clone CLB-B13.9; Accurate or FITC-conjugated control isotype (clone MOPC-21; Accurate and Scientiﬁc Cor-poration) Abs for 30 at 4˚C. To measure degranulation in response to challenge with toxins, neutrophils (9 3 10 5 /ml) incubated with 0.5–5 nM LLO or 50 nM LLOpL at 37˚C in HBSS + . After 15 min, cells were transferred to ice and labeled at 4˚C as described above. Fluorescence intensities were measured with a FACSCalibur ﬂow cytometer and data analysis was performed FlowJo software Ashland, OR). Gating, based on forward and side scatter, used to cell debris Average intensity (calculated from cells labeled isotype Ab) was subtracted from MFI of CD63- or CD66b-labeled cells. were expressed corrected MFI relative cells. At least 30,000 neutrophils were analyzed for each in each experiment.
Meeting Report

The combination of loss of habitat, human population encroachment, and increased demand of select nonhuman primates for biomedical research has significantly affected populations. There remains a need for knowledge and expertise in understanding background findings as related to the age, source, strain, and disease status of nonhuman primates. In particular, for safety/biomedical studies, a broader understanding and documentation of lesions would help clarify background from drug-related findings. A workshop and a minisymposium on spontaneous lesions and diseases in nonhuman primates were sponsored by the concurrent Annual Meetings of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists and the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology held December 3–4, 2011, in Nashville, Tennessee. The first session had presentations from Drs Lowenstine and Montali, pathologists with extensive experience in wild and zoo populations of nonhuman primates, which was followed by presentations of 20 unique case reports of rare or newly observed spontaneous lesions in nonhuman primates (see online files for access to digital whole-slide images corresponding to each case report at http://www.scanscope.com/ACVP%20Slide%20Seminars/2011/Primate%20Pathology/view.apml). The minisymposium was composed of 5 nonhuman-primate researchers (Drs Bradley, Cline, Sasseville, Miller, Hutto) who concentrated on background and spontaneous lesions in nonhuman primates used in drug safety studies. Cynomolgus and rhesus macaques were emphasized, with some material presented on common marmosets. Congenital, acquired, inflammatory, and neoplastic changes were highlighed with a focus on clinical, macroscopic, and histopathologic findings that could confound the interpretation of drug safety studies.
The Synchronous Hypothesis and Synchronous Languages

The design of electronic Embedded Systems relies on a number of different engineering disciplines. As the domain becomes ever more important, both in theoretical challenges and in industrial relevance, it has drawn a considerable attention in recent years, with a number of proposals for formalisms, languages and models to help support the design flow. In this article we shall describe Synchronous Reactive languages, which emerged as early as the 1980’s decade, and are now gaining increasing recognition for their modeling adequacy to embedded systems.
Intra-articular ozone or hyaluronic acid injection: Which one is superior in patients with knee osteoarthritis? A 6-month randomized clinical trial

Purpose Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease, imposing a great burden through pain and decreased function. There are many therapeutic modalities including non-pharmacologic choices and oral, topical, and intra-articular medications. New studies have shown promising results for ozone application in knee OA. Our aim was to compare the effects of ozone therapy versus hyaluronic acid (HA) intra-articular injection in knee OA patients. Methods In this randomized clinical trial, a total of 174 patients with more than 3 months of chronic pain or swelling in the knee joints along with consistent imaging findings were enrolled and randomly allocated into two groups of HA and ozone, which were planned to undergo 3 weekly injections of HA (Hyalgan®) and 10 mL of a 30 μg/mL ozone solution, respectively. Patients were evaluated at baseline and 6 months after the last injection for pain, stiffness, and function using the visual analog scale (VAS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire. Results No major adverse events were detected in this study. Total WOMAC score decreased from 40.8±9.8 to 20.4±4.9 (p<0.01) in the ozone group and from 38.5±7.9 to 17.1±4.2 (p<0.01) in the HA group. A similar trend was observed in pain improvement according to VAS. Pain, stiffness, and function significantly improved in both the groups, but no between-group difference was found. Conclusion Although both ozone and HA can be effectively used for improving function and reducing pain in selected knee OA patients, neither of the two showed any superiority at 6-month follow-up.
An Experimental Method to Study the Structural Differences of Surface Barrier Detectors by Studying the Energy Distribution of Noise

In this paper, we studied two surface barrier detectors, which are different in polarity and contacts. Where in the first detector, the negative pole is made of gold and the positive one is made of aluminum. While in the second detector, the situation is reversed. This study showed that the design of the first detector is better than the second one because it emitted less noise. This is because ionization potential of gold is smaller than that of aluminum. Keywords : surface barrier detectors, distribution of noise.
The Exchange Rate and the Current Account

Other papers at this Conference (particularly Pitchford and Blundell-Wignall, Fahrer and Heath) examine the factors that determine the exchange rate. This paper explores how the exchange rate impinges on the separate components of the current account in the short run and the part it plays in longer-term balance of payments adjustment. In particular, it examines both the effect of the exchange rate on imports and exports and considers the role of the exchange rate in adjusting the economy to underlying structural changes. The Australian economy since 1980 is an ideal ‘test bed’ for this. During this period: • there was an important change of policy regime (the floating of the exchange rate in December 1983); • the underlying current account deficit increased markedly compared with earlier periods, suggesting that there were important structural changes; and • there was a wide short-term variation in the current account deficit, which exceeded 6 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP) three times in the decade. The variety and extent of the experience should provide the opportunity to draw some conclusions about the role of the exchange rate. The distinction between short-term shocks and responses, on the one hand, and the longer-term adjustments to structural changes, on the other, provides a theme that will be important in analysing the variety of experience. The main forces driving the short-term movements in the current account were terms of trade changes and investment shocks. Large swings in the terms of trade played a central role in the activity cycles during the period and their impact shows clearly in the current account. While these terms of trade swings were large, they were generally reversed and provide evidence that, within a long-term steady, secular decline in the terms of trade, the larger fluctuations are temporary. There
CaMKII regulation of cardiac K channels

Cardiac K channels are critical determinants of cardiac excitability. In hypertrophied and failing myocardium, alterations in the expression and activity of voltage-gated K channels are frequently observed and contribute to the increased propensity for life-threatening arrhythmias. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of disturbed K channel regulation in heart failure (HF) is of critical importance. Amongst others, Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has been identified as an important regulator of K channel activity. In human HF but also various animal models, increased CaMKII expression and activity has been linked to deteriorated contractile function and arrhythmias. This review will discuss the current knowledge about CaMKII regulation of several K channels, its influence on action potential properties, dispersion of repolarization, and arrhythmias with special focus on HF.
The great technological divide

Whereas some hospitals and medical schools are introducing telemedicine networks and computer assisted learning, health clinics elsewhere do not even have the facilities to carry out a caesarean section. Ganapati Mudur sees a digital divide opening up in South Asia An infant girl, barely 72 hours old after a premature birth and still struggling for life in a Mumbai hospital, needed Rh negative blood. The hospital had exhausted its stock,and the parents had failed to find a suitable donor. Someone suggested a blood bank in an eastern suburb of the city. There, a technician searched a database of nearly 2000 potential blood donors. In an hour, three donors had turned up at the hospital. “There was some scepticism even among medical colleagues when welaunched the database six years ago,” says Dr Ajit Chitre, medical director of the bank. “They asked us why we were collecting addresses, rather than blood. But it's gone now. ” The database of blood donors in Mumbai is a vivid illustration of how information technology—computers and communication—is transforming healthcare delivery in South Asia. Telemedicine networks have sprung up to deliver health care to remote locations, and patients now have the option of consulting some doctors online. For the medical community, the introduction of information technology has meant easierand faster …
High glucose inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation via downregulation of v-ATPase V0 subunit d2 and dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein

The balance between bone formation and resorption is compromised in diabetes, which may contribute to the high risk of fractures in diabetic patients. However, the mechanism by which high glucose affects bone turnover remains to be elucidated. The present study demonstrated that high glucose inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis. In order to examine the mechanism involved in the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, the present study examined several key molecules involved in osteoclast differentiation, including v-ATPase V0 subunit d2 (Atp6V0d2), dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP), c-fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1). The expression levels of Atp6V0d2 and DC-STAMP are regulated by NFATc1 and c-fos, and are required for osteoclast fusion, which is important for osteoclast maturation. To the best of our knowledge, the present study demonstrated for the first time that high glucose decreased the gene expression of ATP6v0d2 and DC-STAMP in RAW264.7 cells mediated by RANKL. Therefore, the suppression of pre-osteoclast or osteoclast fusion may be essential for the inhibition of osteoclast differentiation.