Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Fractional Order Model for the Dynamic Hysteresis of Piezoelectrically Actuated Fast Tool Servo

The main contribution of this paper is the development of a linearized model for describing the dynamic hysteresis behaviors of piezoelectrically actuated fast tool servo (FTS). A linearized hysteresis force model is proposed and mathematically described by a fractional order differential equation. Combining the dynamic modeling of the FTS mechanism, a linearized fractional order dynamic hysteresis (LFDH) model for the piezoelectrically actuated FTS is established. The unique features of the LFDH model could be summarized as follows: (a) It could well describe the rate-dependent hysteresis due to its intrinsic characteristics of frequency-dependent nonlinear phase shifts and amplitude modulations; (b) The linearization scheme of the LFDH model would make it easier to implement the inverse dynamic control on piezoelectrically actuated micro-systems. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed model, a series of experiments are conducted. The toolpaths of the FTS for creating two typical micro-functional surfaces involving various harmonic components with different frequencies and amplitudes are scaled and employed as command signals for the piezoelectric actuator. The modeling errors in the steady state are less than ±2.5% within the full span range which is much smaller than certain state-of-the-art modeling methods, demonstrating the efficiency and superiority of the proposed model for modeling dynamic hysteresis effects. Moreover, it indicates that the piezoelectrically actuated micro systems would be more suitably described as a fractional order dynamic system.
Effects of Automatically Generated Hints on Time in a Logic Tutor

This work explores the effects of using automatically generated hints in Deep Thought, a propositional logic tutor. Generating hints automatically removes a large amount of development time for new tutors, and it also useful for already existing computer-aided instruction systems that lack intelligent feedback. We focus on a series of problems, after which, the control group is known to be 3.5 times more likely to cease logging onto an online tutor when compared to the group who were given hints. We found a consistent trend in which students without hints spent more time on problems when compared to students that were provided hints. Exploration of the interaction networks for these problems revealed that the control group often spent this extra time pursuing buggy-strategies that did not lead to solutions.
Effects of Tested Rules on Work-Rest Time in Volleyball

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of new rules tested at the inaugural Men’s Under 23 (U23) World Championship (set to 21 points and 15 seconds between the end of a point and the new serve) on all aspects of time in volleyball matches. The study sample comprised 36 matches partially segmented into 123 sets and 4583 points played. Applying one-way ANOVA, it was shown that the active part of the set and the whole match last slightly more than one third of the total time. The most frequent rally duration was 5 to 10 seconds (43.5% of points). As sets became more unpredictable and approached the end, rest time between points was longer. Time analysis of volleyball matches is important as it helps with proper development of physical preparation for players, gives coaches insight into appropriate match flow and provides a clear time frame of each part of a volleyball match for organisers of competitive events, pools, championships and tournaments.
Automatically Deriving Event Ontologies for a CommonSense Knowledge Base

We describe work aimed at building commonsense knowledge by reading word definitions using deep understanding techniques. The end result is a knowledge base allowing complex concepts to be reasoned about using OWL-DL reasoners. We show that we can use this system to automatically create a mid-level ontology for WordNet verbs that has good agreement with human intuition with respect to both the hypernym and causality relations. We present a detailed error analysis that reveals areas of future work needed to enable high-performance learning of conceptual knowledge by reading.
The Cumulative Rule for Combining Beliefs

The problem of combining beliefs in the Dempster-Shafer belief theory has attracted considerable attention over the last two decades. The classical Dempster’s Rule has often been criticised, and many alternative rules for belief combination have been proposed in the literature. The consensus operator for combining beliefs has nice properties and produces more intuitive results than Dempster’s rule, but has the limitation that it can only be applied to belief distribution functions on binary state spaces. In this paper we present a generalisation of the consensus operator that can be applied to Dirichlet belief functions on state spaces of arbitrary size. This rule, called the cumulative rule of belief combination, can be derived from classical statistical theory, and corresponds well with human intuition.
Accumulation of Immature Langerhans Cells in Human Lymph Nodes Draining Chronically Inflamed Skin

The coordinated migration and maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) such as intraepithelial Langerhans cells (LCs) is considered critical for T cell priming in response to inflammation in the periphery. However, little is known about the role of inflammatory mediators for LC maturation and recruitment to lymph nodes in vivo. Here we show in human dermatopathic lymphadenitis (DL), which features an expanded population of LCs in one draining lymph node associated with inflammatory lesions in its tributary skin area, that the Langerin/CD207+ LCs constitute a predominant population of immature DCs, which express CD1a, and CD68, but not CD83, CD86, and DC–lysosomal-associated membrane protein (LAMP)/CD208. Using LC-type cells generated in vitro in the presence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, we further found that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, as a prototype proinflammatory factor, and a variety of inflammatory stimuli and bacterial products, increase Langerin expression and Langerin dependent Birbeck granules formation in cell which nevertheless lack costimulatory molecules, DC–LAMP/CD208 and potent T cell stimulatory activity but express CCR7 and respond to the lymph node homing chemokines CCL19 and CCL21. This indicates that LC migration and maturation can be independently regulated events. We suggest that during DL, inflammatory stimuli in the skin increase the migration of LCs to the lymph node but without associated maturation. Immature LCs might regulate immune responses during chronic inflammation.
Detection Thresholds and Performance Gains for Small Haptic Effects

This research investigated detection thresholds for small haptic effects and the use of small haptic effects to improve task performance. The affects of icon representation, namely amplitude, shape, and pulse duration on haptic perception were studied. An adaptive thresholding method was used to obtain detection measurements for actively explored haptic icons ranging is size from 3 to 5 mm, smooth vs rough actively explored icons, and static icons of 100 to 150 ms pulse duration. Using Fitts' law as a measurement of task performance, the affects on subject performance with three levels of haptic stimulus between 50 to 300 mN are reported. Results indicate that rough (saw-tooth) haptic icons are more easily detected by a human subject than smooth (sinusoidal) icons of the same size, by almost a factor of two. Mean subject performance, as measured by Fitts' information processing rate and clicks-per-minute, improved with the amplitude of haptic stimulus.
Molecular biology of mammalian plasma membrane amino acid transporters.

Molecular biology entered the field of mammalian amino acid transporters in 1990-1991 with the cloning of the first GABA and cationic amino acid transporters. Since then, cDNA have been isolated for more than 20 mammalian amino acid transporters. All of them belong to four protein families. Here we describe the tissue expression, transport characteristics, structure-function relationship, and the putative physiological roles of these transporters. Wherever possible, the ascription of these transporters to known amino acid transport systems is suggested. Significant contributions have been made to the molecular biology of amino acid transport in mammals in the last 3 years, such as the construction of knockouts for the CAT-1 cationic amino acid transporter and the EAAT2 and EAAT3 glutamate transporters, as well as a growing number of studies aimed to elucidate the structure-function relationship of the amino acid transporter. In addition, the first gene (rBAT) responsible for an inherited disease of amino acid transport (cystinuria) has been identified. Identifying the molecular structure of amino acid transport systems of high physiological relevance (e.g., system A, L, N, and x(c)- and of the genes responsible for other aminoacidurias as well as revealing the key molecular mechanisms of the amino acid transporters are the main challenges of the future in this field.
Effects of Embodied Learning and Digital Platform on the Retention of Physics Content: Centripetal Force

Embodiment theory proposes that knowledge is grounded in sensorimotor systems, and that learning can be facilitated to the extent that lessons can be mapped to these systems. This study with 109 college-age participants addresses two overarching questions: (a) how are immediate and delayed learning gains affected by the degree to which a lesson is embodied, and (b) how do the affordances of three different educational platforms affect immediate and delayed learning? Six 50 min-long lessons on centripetal force were created. The first factor was the degree of embodiment with two levels: (1) low and (2) high. The second factor was platform with three levels: (1) a large scale “mixed reality” immersive environment containing both digital and hands-on components called SMALLab, (2) an interactive whiteboard system, and (3) a mouse-driven desktop computer. Pre-tests, post-tests, and 1-week follow-up (retention or delayed learning gains) tests were administered resulting in a 2 × 3 × 3 design. Two knowledge subtests were analyzed, one that relied on more declarative knowledge and one that relied on more generative knowledge, e.g., hand-drawing vectors. Regardless of condition, participants made significant immediate learning gains from pre-test to post-test. There were no significant main effects or interactions due to platform or embodiment on immediate learning. However, from post-test to follow-up the level of embodiment interacted significantly with time, such that participants in the high embodiment conditions performed better on the subtest devoted to generative knowledge questions. We posit that better retention of certain types of knowledge can be seen over time when more embodiment is present during the encoding phase. This sort of retention may not appear on more traditional factual/declarative tests. Educational technology designers should consider using more sensorimotor feedback and gestural congruency when designing and opportunities for instructor professional development need to be provided as well.
The Practice of Hospital Operation Management in the Era of New Healthcare Reform

Due to the demand of new healthcare reform and the cancellation of drug addition, revenue of hospital decreases dramatically and hospital operations management faces tough challenges. In this paper, a practice is introduced to improve hospital operations management and strength competitive ability of hospital. Methods: We established a hospital operations and resource management platform to improving operation management quality by use of IT measures. This platform consists of 4 main parts as follows: (1) fine and standardized operation and management system, (2) reengineered and optimized business processes, (3) comprehensively upgraded business resources systems, (4) powerful operation analysis system. Results: By use of this platform, we achieved 2 goals mainly: (1) operation costs dramatically decreased, (2) hospital operations management became fine and standardized. Conclusion: IT measures play a vital role in improving hospital operations management and strengthening competitive ability of hospital.
A cross-cultural study of intergenerational relations : The role of socioeconomic factors, values, and relationship quality in intergenerational support

lndustrialized countries with rising life expeetaney and falling birthrates are expcricncing a far-reaching demographie transformation involving changcs in variolls areas of soeiety. The inereasing li fe expectancy signifies a potentially longer common lifespan among generational cohorts of different ages. These changes imply questions about the shaping of intergenerational relations under conditions of demographie and also socioceonomie change. Adding to the drama ofthese rcIationships [ür modern industrialized societies at present is the question 01' wh ether intergenerational confliets will arise. The scenario acquires even more explosive power when seen against the idea 01" the individualization of society and the dissolution of üllnilial bonds ostensibly assoeiated with it. On the other hand, Bengtson has developed another scenario, suppOl·ted by an abundance of empirical data, whieh includes the model of intergenerational solidarity (Bcngtson 200 I, Bengtson/Roberts 1991, SilversteinlBengtson/Lawton 1997). The theoretieal and empirieal advantage of Bengtson's approach is that intergenerational relations are not simply seen at the aggregate level as rcIationships between eohOlts. On the eontrary, Bengtson sees intergenerational relations as rdationships between generations that have t,unilial attaclunents to one another, such as those that ehildren have to their parents and to their parents' parents (the ehildren's grandparents). Bengtson's approach, however, means that studies must [oeus on individual family 111embers who belong to the ditlerent generations and Oll tbe rclatiollsbips that they have to one anolher.
Housing Wealth, Stock Market Wealth and Consumption: A Panel Analysis for Australia

Using a panel of Australian States, we estimate how changes in household wealth affect consumption expenditure. Both housing and stock market wealth have a significant effect on consumption: a permanent $A1 increase in stock market wealth increases long-run annual consumption by 6-9 cents; the same increase in housing wealth increases annual consumption by around 3 cents. With households' housing assets more than three times that of stock market assets, a 1 per cent increase in housing wealth has an effect on consumption at least as large as that of a 1 per cent increase in stock market wealth. Copyright © 2007 The Economic Society of Australia.
Aesthetics of class diagrams

Visualization of object-oriented programs by class diagrams is a widely used technique. So far no commonly agreed aesthetic criteria have been recorded in order to standardize and measure the quality of class diagrams. In this paper we focus on UML class diagrams, the standard notation for class diagrams in software engineering. We propose some aesthetic criteria which reflect the highly sophisticated features of UML class diagrams, a layout algorithm which respects all these features, and an implementation of a graph drawing framework which is able to produce drawings according to these criteria.
Hardware Performance Counter-Based Malware Identification and Detection with Adaptive Compressive Sensing

Hardware Performance Counter-based (HPC) runtime checking is an effective way to identify malicious behaviors of malware and detect malicious modifications to a legitimate program’s control flow. To reduce the overhead in the monitored system which has limited storage and computing resources, we present a “sample-locally-analyze-remotely” technique. The sampled HPC data are sent to a remote server for further analysis. To minimize the I/O bandwidth required for transmission, the fine-grained HPC profiles are compressed into much smaller vectors with Compressive Sensing. The experimental results demonstrate an 80% I/O bandwidth reduction after applying Compressive Sensing, without compromising the detection and identification capabilities.
Are black carbon and soot the same

Abstract. The climate change and environmental literature, including that on aerosols, is replete with mention of black carbon (BC), but neither reliable samples nor standards exist. Thus, there is uncertainty about its exact nature. That confusion can be avoided if terms are defined and widely understood. Here we discuss an ambiguity between BC and soot and propose a more precise definition for soot as a specific material, which we call ns-soot, where "ns" refers to carbon nanospheres. We define ns-soot as particles that consist of nanospheres, typically with diameters
A spectroscopic event of η Car viewed from different directions: The data and first results

We present spectroscopic observations with high spectral resolution of η Car as seen by the SE lobe of the Homunculus nebula over the 2003.5 "spectroscopic event". The observed spectra represent the stellar spectrum emitted near the pole of the star and are much less contaminated with nebular emission lines than direct observations of the central object. The "event" is qualitatively similar near the pole to what is observed in direct spectra of the star (more equator-on at 45 ◦ ), but shows interesting differences. The observations show that the equivalent width changes of Hα emission and other lines are less pronounced at the pole than in the line of sight. Also the absorption components appear less variable. A pronounced high-velocity absorption is present near the event in the He  lines indicating a mass-ejection event. This feature is also seen, but less pronounced, in the hydrogen lines. He λ4686 emission is observed for a brief period of time near the event and appears, if corrected for light travel time, to precede similar emission in the direct view. Our observations indicate that the event is probably not only a change in ionization and excitation structure or a simple eclipse-like event.
Tip-over prevention control of a teleoperated excavator based on ZMP prediction

This paper describes tip-over prevention control of a teleoperated excavator based on zero moment point (ZMP) prediction. This method predicts a future ZMP when an operation input is given. This allows the determination of the risk of tip-over by the operation input before an excavator moves. When the risk is detected, the operation input to the actuator is modified to keep the excavator from falling. Future ZMP is predicted by computing the movement of a teleoperated excavator based on an approximate excavator movement model and the body rocking model. The proposed method successfully demonstrates tip-over prevention via scaled model experiments of the hydraulic drive.
Poor Metabolizers at the Cytochrome P450 2C19 Loci Is at Increased Risk of Developing Cancer in Asian Populations

Background CYP2C19 encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes, which play a central role in activating and detoxifying many carcinogens and endogenous compounds thought to be involved in the development of cancer. In the past decade, two common polymorphisms among CYP2C19 (CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3) that are responsible for the poor metabolizers (PMs) phenotype in humans and cancer susceptibility have been investigated extensively; however, these studies have yielded contradictory results. Methods and Results To investigate this inconsistency, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of 11,554 cases and 16,592 controls from 30 case-control studies. Overall, the odds ratio (OR) of cancer was 1.52 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23–1.88, P<10-4] for CYP2C19 PMs genotypes. However, this significant association vanished when the analyses were restricted to 5 larger studies (no. of cases ≥ 500 cases). In the subgroup analysis for different cancer types, PMs genotypes had an effect of increasing the risks of esophagus cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma as well as head neck cancer. Significant results were found in Asian populations when stratiﬁed by ethnicity; whereas no significant associations were found among Caucasians. Stratiﬁed analyses according to source of controls, significant associations were found only in hospital base controls. Conclusions Our meta-analysis suggests that the CYP2C19 PMs genotypes most likely contributes to cancer susceptibility, particularly in the Asian populations.
Using ‘smart’ bilingual projection to feature-tag a monolingual dictionary

We describe an approach to tagging a monolingual dictionary with linguistic features. In particular, we annotate the dictionary entries with parts of speech, number, and tense information. The algorithm uses a bilingual corpus as well as a statistical lexicon to find candidate training examples for specific feature values (e.g. plural). Then a similarity measure in the space defined by the training data serves to define a classifier for unseen data. We report evaluation results for a French dictionary, while the approach is general enough to be applied to any language pair.In a further step, we show that the proposed framework can be used to assign linguistic roles to extracted morphemes, e.g. noun plural markers. While the morphemes can be extracted using any algorithm, we present a simple algorithm for doing so. The emphasis hereby is not on the algorithm itself, but on the power of the framework to assign roles, which are ultimately indispensable for tasks such as Machine Translation.
Do infants understand that external goals are internally represented?

Evidence for infants' sensitivity to behavior being goal oriented leaves it open as to whether they see such behavior as being designed to lead to an external goal or whether they see it, in addition, as being directed by an internal representation of the goal. We point out the difficulty of finding possible criteria for how infants or children view this matter.
Primer Based Approach for PCR Amplification of High GC Content Gene: Mycobacterium Gene as a Model

The genome of Mycobacterium is rich in GC content and poses problem in amplification of some genes, especially those rich in the GC content in terminal regions, by standard/routine PCR procedures. Attempts have been made to amplify three GC rich genes of Mycobacterium sp. (Rv0519c and Rv0774c from M. tuberculosis and ML0314c from M. leprae). Out of these three genes, Rv0774c gene was amplified with normal primers under standard PCR conditions, while no amplification was observed in case of Rv0519c and ML0314c genes. In the present investigation a modified primer based approach was successfully used for amplification of GC rich sequence of Rv0519c through codon optimization without changing the native amino acid sequence. The strategy was successfully confirmed by redesigning the standard primers with similar modifications followed by amplification of ML0314c gene.
The new form of G distribution for single-look PolSAR data

When High Resolution (HR) is required, single-look processing of SAR images may be desirable. The multi-look G distribution has been known to fit homogeneous to extremely heterogeneous data accurately. However, it does not reduce to single-look form for PolSAR data. To eliminate this limitation, the new single-look polarimetric G distribution has been proposed, which has single-look K p and G p 0 distributions as its two special cases. The significance of this distribution becomes evident as it fits X- & S-band sub-meter resolution (≈ 1m 2 ) PolSAR data better than, and X-band decameter resolution (≈ 10m 2 ) PolSAR data as good as, the G p 0 & K p distributions.