Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Database system issues in nomadic computing

Mobile computers and wireless networks are emerging technologies that will soon be available to a wide variety of computer users. Unlike earlier generations of laptop computers, the new generation of mobile computers can be an integrated part of a distributed computing environment, one in which users change physical location frequently. The result is a new computing paradigm, nomadic computing. This paradigm will affect the design of much of our current systems software, including that of database systems. This paper discusses in some detail the impact of nomadic computing on a number of traditional database system concepts. In particular, we point out how the reliance on short-lived batteries changes the cost assumptions underlying query processing. In these systems, power consumption competes with resource utilization in the definition of cost metrics. We also discuss how the likelihood of temporary disconnection forces consideration of alternative transaction processing protocols. The limited screen space of mobile computers along with the advent of pen-based computing provides new opportunities and new constraints on database interfaces and languages. Lastly, we believe that the movement of computers and data among networks potentially belonging to distinct, autonomous organizations creates serious security problems.
Different periods of feed restriction before compensatory growth in Belgian Blue bulls: I. animal performance, nitrogen balance, meat characteristics, and fat composition.

Thirty double-muscled Belgian Blue bulls were maintained at a rate of gain of . 5 kg/d during four periods of time, 115 (G2), 239 (G3), or 411 (G4) d (low growth period, LGP), before fattening (rapid growth period, RGP). Ten control animals (CG) were fed a diet rich in energy and protein. The G2, G3, and G4 were fed a diet low in energy and protein and the same diet as CG during RGP. Live weight was recorded biweekly, feed intake (FI) daily, and nitrogen balance at three times for each group. At the slaughterhouse, the 7, 8, and 9th ribs were removed to determine carcass composition, meat quality, and meat and fat composition. Compensatory growth reached a maximum 2 mo after refeeding and then decreased rapidly, leading to a sharp increase in the feed conversion ratio. Nitrogen balance was higher in compensating groups ( P < .05). Compensating animals had higher carcass connective and adipose tissue contents (P < .05) but lower meat fat content (P < .05). Cattle exhibiting compensatory growth had higher redness, yellowness, cooking losses, and drip losses, but had lower Warner-Bratzler peak shear force values. The saturated fatty acid content of the fat decreased with the duration of the LGP. During the first 2 mo after refeeding, compensatory growth in double-muscled bulls was ascribed to one or more of the following mechanisms: higher FI, lower maintenance requirements, or better efficiency of lean meat production. Compensatory growth at the expense of higher FI increased peripheral fat but decreased intramuscular fat deposition.
Knowledge and practice of end-of-life care among nurses in a teaching hospital in Nigeria.

BACKGROUND Improving end-of-life care (EoLC) has become a major goal among nurses since they have the most contact with patients and their families at this phase of life. This study examined the knowledge and practice of EoLC among nurses working at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, in Enugu. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive research study was used. A total of 130 nurses, working in selected wards of the hospital, took part in the study, meeting the inclusion criteria. Data were obtained through a structured questionnaire, analysed using descriptive statistics and results were presented in tables and charts. RESULTS The results showed that 123 respondents (94.6%) had knowledge of EoLC as care given to terminal state of life and or a dying person. Findings also showed the practice of EoLC with a mean score of 3.6±2.8 and inadequate manpower and lack of experience with the mean 2.9±1.6 and 2.9±1.5 respectively, as factors negatively influenced their practice of EoLC. CONCLUSIONS It was recommended that workshop or seminar and advocacy on EoLC should be organised to create awareness and raise the practice of EoLC.
Detection and Classification of Cardiac Murmurs using Segmentation Techniques and Artificial Neural Networks

In this paper we present the implementation of a diagnostic system based on artificial neural networks (ANN) that can be used in the detection and classification of heart murmurs. Segmentation and alignment algorithms serve as important pre-processing steps before heart sounds are applied to the ANN structure. The system enables users to create a classifier that can be trained to detect virtually any desired target set of heart sounds. The output of the system is the classification of the sound as either normal or a type of heart murmur. The ultimate goal of this research is to implement a heart sounds diagnostic system that can be used to help physicians in the auscultation of patients and to reduce the number of unnecessary echocardiograms - those that are ordered for healthy patients. Testing has been conducted using both simulated and recorded patient heart sounds as input. Three sets of results for the tested system are included herein, corresponding to three different target sets of simulated heart sounds. The system is able to classify with up to 85 plusmn 7.4% accuracy and 95 plusmn 6.8% sensitivity. For each target set, the accuracy rate of the ANN system is compared to the accuracy rate of a group of 2nd year medical students who were asked to classify heart sounds from the same group of heart sounds classified by the ANN system. System test results are also explored using recorded patient heart sounds
The CRESST experiment: Recent results and prospects

The CRESST experiment seeks hypothetical WIMP particles that could account for the bulk of dark matter in the Universe. The detectors are cryogenic calorimeters in which WIMPs would scatter elastically on nuclei, releasing phonons. The first phase of the experiment has successfully deployed several 262 g sapphire devices in the Gran Sasso underground laboratories. A main source of background has been identified as microscopic mechanical fracturing of the crystals, and has been eliminated, improving the background rate by up to three orders of magnitude at low energies, leaving a rate close to one count per day per kg and per keV above 10 keV recoil energy. This background now appears to be dominated by radioactivity, and future CRESST scintillating calorimeters which simultaneously measure light and phonons will allow rejection of a great part of it.
Enhanced data and methods for improving open and free global population grids: putting ‘leaving no one behind’ into practice

ABSTRACT Data on global population distribution are a strategic resource currently in high demand in an age of new Development Agendas that call for universal inclusiveness of people. However, quality, detail, and age of census data varies significantly by country and suffers from shortcomings that propagate to derived population grids and their applications. In this work, the improved capabilities of recent remote sensing-derived global settlement data to detect and mitigate major discrepancies with census data is explored. Open layers mapping built-up presence were used to revise census units deemed as ‘unpopulated’ and to harmonize population distribution along coastlines. Automated procedures to detect and mitigate these anomalies, while minimizing changes to census geometry, preserving the regional distribution of population, and the overall counts were developed, tested, and applied. The two procedures employed for the detection of deficiencies in global census data obtained high rates of true positives, after verification and validation. Results also show that the targeted anomalies were significantly mitigated and are encouraging for further uses of free and open geospatial data derived from remote sensing in complementing and improving conventional sources of fundamental population statistics.
Text mining for improved exposure assessment

Chemical exposure assessments are based on information collected via different methods, such as biomonitoring, personal monitoring, environmental monitoring and questionnaires. The vast amount of chemical-specific exposure information available from web-based databases, such as PubMed, is undoubtedly a great asset to the scientific community. However, manual retrieval of relevant published information is an extremely time consuming task and overviewing the data is nearly impossible. Here, we present the development of an automatic classifier for chemical exposure information. First, nearly 3700 abstracts were manually annotated by an expert in exposure sciences according to a taxonomy exclusively created for exposure information. Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques were used to extract semantic and syntactic features relevant to chemical exposure text. Using these features, we trained a supervised machine learning algorithm to automatically classify PubMed abstracts according to the exposure taxonomy. The resulting classifier demonstrates good performance in the intrinsic evaluation. We also show that the classifier improves information retrieval of chemical exposure data compared to keyword-based PubMed searches. Case studies demonstrate that the classifier can be used to assist researchers by facilitating information retrieval and classification, enabling data gap recognition and overviewing available scientific literature using chemical-specific publication profiles. Finally, we identify challenges to be addressed in future development of the system.
The Role of Chondrocytes in Fracture Healing

Inflammation plays important roles in the early steps of fracture healing including, the recruitment, expansion, growth and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the coordinated interplay of many other cell types, growth factors, and extracellular matrix (ECM) components, as well as the production of cartilage and bone matrix in a temporally controlled manner.
Rules of Interpretation - An Approach to the Problem of Computation in the Semantics of Natural Language

1. TRADITIONAL GRAMMAR AND DESCRIPTIVE LINGUISTICS It is commonly held that a complete description of any language must have two parts, grammar and vocabulary. The study of vocabulary is concerned with describing the primitive symbols used in the language and their relations to features of the external world. Grammar accounts for the ways in which these symbols are combined to form more complex structures. The aspects of language normally thought of as belonging to grammar, fall under three heads:—
Presynaptic Contributions of Chordin to Hippocampal Plasticity and Spatial Learning

Recently, several evolutionary conserved signaling pathways that play prominent roles in regulating early neurodevelopment have been found to regulate synaptic remodeling in the adult. To test whether adult neuronal expression of bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling components also plays a postnatal role in regulating neuronal plasticity, we modulated BMP signaling in mice both in vivo and in vitro by genetic removal of the BMP inhibitor chordin or by perfusing recombinant BMP signaling pathway components onto acute hippocampal slices. Chordin null mice exhibited a significant increase in presynaptic transmitter release from hippocampal neurons, resulting in enhanced paired-pulse facilitation and long-term potentiation. These mice also showed a decreased acquisition time in a water maze test along with less exploratory activity during Y-maze and open-field tests. Perfusion of BMP ligands onto hippocampal slices replicated the presynaptic phenotype of chordin null slices, but bath application of Noggin, another antagonist of BMP signaling pathway, significantly decrease the frequency of miniature EPSCs. These results demonstrate that the BMP signaling pathway contributes to synaptic plasticity and learning likely through a presynaptic mechanism.
Incidence, risk factors and the effect of polyomavirus infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

Objective The effect of polyomavirus infection in HSCT recipients is poorly understood. Methods We evaluated 38 HSCT recipients. Polyomavirus was detected by nested qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays of urine. The risk factors for BK virus and JC virus were analysed. The kidney and liver functions of infected and uninfected patients were compared. Results BK virus, JC virus, and simian virus 40 were detected in 21%, 42%, and 0% of HSCT recipients respectively. HCMV infection was found to be an independent risk factor for JC virus infection (odds ratio (OR): 8.528), while transplants with mismatched HLA are more susceptible to BK virus infection (OR: 12.000). Liver function of JC virus-infected subjects was worse than that of uninfected subjects. Conclusion We must be vigilant for opportunistic polyomavirus infections in HSCT recipients, especially those with HCMV co-infection or a mismatched HLA transplant. When unexplained liver function deterioration is observed, JC virus infection should be considered.
CTX-M Enzymes: Origin and Diffusion

CTX-M β-lactamases are considered a paradigm in the evolution of a resistance mechanism. Incorporation of different chromosomal blaCTX-M related genes from different species of Kluyvera has derived in different CTX-M clusters. In silico analyses have shown that this event has occurred at least nine times; in CTX-M-1 cluster (3), CTX-M-2 and CTX-M-9 clusters (2 each), and CTX-M-8 and CTX-M-25 clusters (1 each). This has been mainly produced by the participation of genetic mobilization units such as insertion sequences (ISEcp1 or ISCR1) and the later incorporation in hierarchical structures associated with multifaceted genetic structures including complex class 1 integrons and transposons. The capture of these blaCTX-M genes from the environment by highly mobilizable structures could have been a random event. Moreover, after incorporation within these structures, β-lactam selective force such as that exerted by cefotaxime and ceftazidime has fueled mutational events underscoring diversification of different clusters. Nevertheless, more variants of CTX-M enzymes, including those not inhibited by β-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid (IR-CTX-M variants), only obtained under in in vitro experiments, are still waiting to emerge in the clinical setting. Penetration and the later global spread of CTX-M producing organisms have been produced with the participation of the so-called “epidemic resistance plasmids” often carried in multi-drug resistant and virulent high-risk clones. All these facts but also the incorporation and co-selection of emerging resistance determinants within CTX-M producing bacteria, such as those encoding carbapenemases, depict the currently complex pandemic scenario of multi-drug resistant isolates.
Making CAT S out of kittens(cid:2) description logics with aggregates

Based on the research done in the last decade(cid:2) attempts have been made to propose descrip(cid:3) tion logics as unifying formalisms for the var(cid:3) ious class(cid:3)based representation languages used in di(cid:4)erent areas(cid:5) These attempts have made apparent that sound(cid:2) complete(cid:2) and decidable description logics still su(cid:4)er from several lim(cid:3) itations(cid:2) regarding modeling classes of aggre(cid:3) gate objects(cid:2) expressing general inclusion ax(cid:3) ioms(cid:2) and the ability of navigating links be(cid:3) tween classes(cid:5) In this paper(cid:2) we propose a pow(cid:3) erful description logic overcoming the above limitations and we show that its reasoning tasks are decidable in worst case exponential time(cid:5) (cid:2)
Back pain in tennis players: a link with lumbar serve kinematics and range of motion.

PURPOSE This study compared regional lumbar (upper and lower), pelvis, trunk, and lower limb kinematics between elite male adolescent players with and without a history of low back pain (LBP) during the kick and flat serves as well as regional lumbar mobility and serving kinematics relative to the end of range. METHODS Seven players with a history of LBP and confirmed L4/L5 injury and 13 controls matched for age, height, mass, and performance underwent a three-dimensional motion analysis during serving trials and lumbar mobility assessments. Regional lumbar, pelvis, trunk, and lower limb kinematics were compared between pain/no pain and kick/flat serves using a series of 2 × 2 mixed-model ANOVA, with independent samples t-tests used to compare regional lumbar mobility between pain/no pain. RESULTS The pain group had significantly reduced lower lumbar mobility in every plane of motion than the no pain group. The pain group demonstrated less right lower lumbar and pelvis/shoulder rotation, greater right pelvic tilt, earlier peak right knee extension velocity during the drive phase of the tennis serves, and greater lower lumbar and pelvis left rotation, upper lumbar left lateral flexion, and anterior pelvis tilt during the forward-swing phase. All players approached their lumbar end of range during the serve. CONCLUSIONS The results of this investigation suggest that a multidimensional LBP management and prevention strategy is required, including the assessment of regional spinal mobility, the lower limb and upper limb and spinal kinematics, and the integrated work between clinicians and coaches to adapt adverse technique.
Influence of Propofol and Fentanyl on Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus

We investigated the effect of propofol and fentanyl on microelectrode recording (MER) and its clinical applicability during subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery. We analyzed 8 patients with Parkinson's disease, underwent bilateral STN DBS with MER. Their left sides were done under awake and then their right sides were done with a continuous infusion of propofol and fentanyl under local anesthesia. The electrode position was evaluated by preoperative MRI and postoperative CT. The clinical outcomes were assessed at six months after surgery. We isolated single unit activities from the left and the right side MERs. There was no significant difference in the mean firing rate between the left side MERs (38.7±16.8 spikes/sec, n=78) and the right side MERs (35.5±17.2 spikes/sec, n=66). The bursting pattern of spikes was more frequently observed in the right STN than in the left STN. All the electrode positions were within the STNs on both sides and the off-time Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III scores at six months after surgery decreased by 67% of the preoperative level. In this study, a continuous infusion of propofol and fentanyl did not significantly interfere with the MER signals from the STN. The results of this study suggest that propofol and fentanyl can be used for STN DBS in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease improving the overall experience of the patients. Graphical Abstract
Automatic Optimization for MapReduce Programs

The MapReduce distributed programming framework has become popular, despite evidence that current implementations are inefficient, requiring far more hardware than a traditional relational databases to complete similar tasks. MapReduce jobs are amenable to many traditional database query optimizations (B+Trees for selections, column-store-style techniques for projections, etc), but existing systems do not apply them, substantially because free-form user code obscures the true data operation being performed. For example, a selection in SQL is easily detected, but a selection in a MapReduce program is embedded in Java code along with lots of other program logic. We could ask the programmer to provide explicit hints about the program's data semantics, but one of MapReduce's attractions is precisely that it does not ask the user for such information. This paper covers Manimal, which automatically analyzes MapReduce programs and applies appropriate data-aware optimizations, thereby requiring no additional help at all from the programmer. We show that Manimal successfully detects optimization opportunities across a range of data operations, and that it yields speedups of up to 1,121% on previously-written MapReduce programs.
Von Neumann's First Computer Program

An analysis of the two earliest sets of instruction codes planned for stored program computers, and the earliest extant program for such a computer, gives insight into the thoughts of John yon Neumann, the man who designed the instruction sets and wrote the program, and shows how several important aspects of computing have evolved. The paper is based on previously unpubhshed documents from the files of Herman H. Goldstine.
Tries for combined text and spatial data range search

We use tries to represent combined text and spatial data, and present a range search algorithm for reporting all 2-d points and rectangles from a set of size intersecting a query rectangle. Data and queries can include text. Our -d+ tries are evaluated experimentally (for up to 300,000) using uniform distributed random spatial data and randomly selected strings from a set of place names. For random queries, we find that -d+ tries have faster search times compared to naive search. The expected range search time for -d+ tries was determined theoretically, and found to agree with experimental results for =100,000 and
Aggregation of blurred images through weighted FBA to remove camera shake

Many algorithms were designed to remove image blur due to camera shake, either with one or multiple input images, by using the deconvolution problem. If the photographer takes a burst of images, a modality available in virtually all modern digital cameras, it is possible to combine all the images to get a clean sharp version. This algorithm does not use blur estimation or its inverse problem. The proposed algorithm is strikingly simple where the average weight is calculated using Fourier domain which depends on the Fourier spectrum magnitude. Here, burst of images are taken into an account and each image in the burst is blurred differently. The proposed Fourier burst accumulation algorithm shows that one can obtain a sharp image by combining all the images together which is blurred differently. This can be implemented in modern smart phones.
HRM effects on TQM

Human resource management and total quality management having been identified as “new” approaches have attracted a great deal of practitioners’ interest. Environmental pressures to change, for example, turbulent market conditions and heightened competition, have left organizations little choice to introduce novel approaches in human resource management (HRM) and total quality management (TQM) in every company. A fundamental aspect of the soft dimensions of TQM is human resource management (HRM). We try to show the HRM parts that affected with TQM approach and are needed to be improved for implementing TQM in any company in this article.
Random Travelling Salesman Problem using SA

— An algorithm known as Simulated Annealing (SA) for Random Traveling Salesman Problem (RTSP) is presented in this paper. The computational SA model constructed is based on the simulating process of slow cooling of molten metal to achieve the minimum function value in a minimization problem. Random Traveling Salesman Problem (RTSP) is a variant of TSP. All TSP dataset used here are constructed randomly. And then SA model is applied on all those data sets. Experimental results are discussed based on various characteristics like time, quality and accuracy.