Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Elementary School Home Language, Immigrant Generation, Language Classification, and School's English Learner Concentration on Latinos’ High School Completion

Background/Context Relying largely on high school measures of home language use, the literature examining immigrant incorporation in schools provides contradictory evidence of home language effects on educational outcomes. More recent research has demonstrated that home language use is dynamic and thus it is important to examine the implications of elementary school home language, as opposed to the typically used high school home language, as a factor influencing various school processes. We argue that it is also necessary to take into account school-related language contexts when considering the experiences of Latino immigrant students. Purpose This study investigates the effects of early acculturation, measured by elementary school language, immigrant generation, and early linguistic experiences on high school completion. Research Design Using hierarchical generalized linear models, we test the effects of elementary home language, immigrant generation, early language classification, and middle school concentration of English Learners (EL) on the probability of high school completion for a cohort of Latino students in a large urban school district (N = 26,487). Findings Consistent with some of the existing research, this study finds that speaking Spanish at home in the elementary school years has positive effects on high school completion. Moreover, for Spanish speakers, having been reclassified as English-fluent before sixth grade and having attended middle schools with lower concentrations of EL students increases the probability of high school completion. Conclusions These findings suggest that taking into account earlier schooling processes and contexts in discussions about the influence of home language on academic achievement broaden the scope of accountability for educating immigrant students.
Visibility of River Plume Fronts with an X-Band Radar

A land-based X-band radar was employed to observe river plume fronts at the mouth of the Tenryu River, Japan. Time-averaged radar images captured fronts extending offshore from the river’s mouth as bright streaks. Comparisons between satellite optical images and radar images confirm that streaky features in the radar image represent color river plume fronts. Further corroboration comes from field observations of water temperature, salinity, and turbidity conducted simultaneously with the radar measurements. When a survey ship crossed the front, the measured properties varied discontinuously, suggesting that water from the river and sea converged there and also that a downwards current was present. Variation of visibility of the fronts was assessed and compared with the rate of variation of water level and the wind speed and direction. The radar is able to image fronts when the water level is decreasing during ebb tide and the wind speed is over 3 m/s along shore. Surface ripple waves are generated by the local wind, and if they propagate across the front, wave heights increase, causing higher backscatter of the emitted radar beam. This observation gives further evidence on the imaging mechanism of river plume fronts with X-band radars in relation to wind direction.
Is Patient Data Better Protected in Competitive Healthcare Markets?

We study the effect of hospital market concentration on the quality of patient data protection practices. We use approximately 200 reported data breaches in US hospitals over the period 2006 - 2011 as a measure of the quality of patient data protection practices. We measure market concentration using Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and estimate our models by exploiting cross-sectional HHI variation. Surprisingly, we find that increased competition is associated with a decline in the quality of patient data protection. Our main result indicates that a 100 point increase in HHI is associated with a 5% decline in the average count of data breach incidents. The results are directionally robust to a number of alternate model specifications. To explain our findings, we posit that hospitals in more competitive markets may be inclined to shift resources to more consumer visible activities from the less consumer visible activity of data protection.
Explaining Feminization in the U.S. Banking Industry, 1940–1980: Human Capital, Dual Labor Markets or Gender Queuing?

This case study of the banking industry, 1940–1980, examines three competing theories of increases in women's labor force participation. Combining census and industry regulatory data, three models of the feminization process are compared: human capital, dual labor market, and gender queuing. The gender queuing model best explains empirical variation in industry-level feminization. Clerical intensity (the proportion of clerical jobs to all jobs in the industry), especially, makes the substitution of female labor a cost-cutting alternative. Theories of feminization must incorporate spatial and temporal variation in the causal strength of relevant social forces. Gender queuing theory is best equipped to do this, as it allows for better historical interpretation of how varied social forces, both economic and patriarchal, impinge on class and gendered actors. Gender queuing theory subsumes determinants of feminization found in other theories while rejecting both their untenable assumptions and their interpretations of how labor markets actually function.
Babies facial expressions of emotion: importance and evidences

The emotional expressions of babies have provoked increasing interest, reflecting the importance attributed to their abilities to deal with emotions. Babies’ capacity to produce and to recognize facial expressions of emotion seems central to understand infant cognitive, affective or social development. Aiming to presenting some orientations to new studies in this area, identified gaps in the literature are discussed, and the adoption of a socio-cultural and evolutionary perspective for new investigations is proposed. From those discussions it is evident the necessity of more studies focusing the first year of life, produced in natural context at home and with longitudinal designs.
Using Semantics and Statistics to Turn Data into Knowledge

Many information extraction and knowledge base construction systems are addressing the challenge of deriving knowledge from text. A key problem in constructing these knowledge bases from sources like the web is overcoming the erroneous and incomplete information found in millions of candidate extractions. To solve this problem, we turn to semantics — using ontological constraints between candidate facts to eliminate errors. In this article, we represent the desired knowledge base as a knowledge graph and introduce the problem of knowledge graph identification, collectively resolving the entities, labels, and relations present in the knowledge graph. Knowledge graph identification requires reasoning jointly over millions of extractions simultaneously, posing a scalability challenge to many approaches. We use probabilistic soft logic (PSL), a recently-introduced statistical relational learning framework, to implement an efficient solution to knowledge graph identification and present state-of-the-art results for knowledge graph construction while performing an order of magnitude faster than competing methods.
Comparisons of Intervals between Subjective Numbers, an Extension

Following the procedure used by Rule (1972), 25 subjects judged whether the mid-point (standard) of two numbers was subjectively closer to the higher or lower number. Since subjects generally chose the higher number as closer more often than the lower number, the results were interpreted as supporting Rule's hypothesis that subjective number is a negatively accelerated function of objective number, at least over the first 100 integers.
Dissection of the HLA-DR4 Peptide Repertoire in Endocrine Epithelial Cells: Strong Influence of Invariant Chain and HLA-DM Expression on the Nature of Ligands1

Class II MHC (MHC II) expression is restricted to professional APCs and thymic epithelium but it also occurs in the epithelial cells of autoimmune organs which are the unique targets of the CD4 autoreactive T cells in endocrine autoimmune diseases. This specificity is presumably conditioned by an epithelium-specific peptide repertoire associated to MHC II at the cell surface. MHC II expression and function is dependent on the action of two main chaperones, invariant chain (Ii) and DM, whose expression is coregulated with MHC II. However, there is limited information about the in vivo expression levels of these molecules and uncoordinated expression has been demonstrated in class II-positive epithelial cells that may influence the MHC-associated peptide repertoires and the outcome of the autoimmune response. We have examined the pool of peptides associated to DR4 molecules expressed by a neuroendocrine epithelial cell and the consequences of Ii and DM coexpression. The RINm5F rat insulinoma cell line was transfected with HLA-DRB1*0401, Ii, and DM molecules in four different combinations: RIN-DR4, -DR4Ii, -DR4DM, and -DR4IiDM. The analysis of the peptide repertoire and the identification of the DR4 naturally processed ligands in each transfected cell were achieved by mass spectrometry. The results demonstrate that 1) the expression of Ii and DM affected the DR4 peptide repertoires by producing important variations in their content and in the origin of peptides; 2) these restrictions affected the stability and sequence of the peptides of each repertoire; and 3) Ii and DM had both independent and coordinate effects on these repertoires.
Enriching a Relational Data Warehouse by Integrating XML Data : Report on the e . dot Project Applied to Microbiology

In this paper we present two methods for integrating (and querying) data in a relational setting. These methods have been motivated and validated by a knowledge management application on Microbiology, the edot project. The aim of e.dot project is to enrich an existing relational database storing microbiological data dealing with food risk assessment with data resulting from a continuous web technologic watch. The data coming from the web are put in XML format and must be queried by the same relational interface as the pre-existing relational database. The first method allows to integrate possibly heterogenous XML data by relational views over the schema of the existing database. These relational views are not materialized but we provide a query rewriting algorithm which decompose a select-project-join query into a set of local queries expressed in Xquery. The second method focus on the data tables contained in the documents found on the Web. The method takes advantage of the presence of relational structures to automatically transform these data in order to make them compatible with the schema of the existing database . Those tables are semantically enriched by means of tags and values coming from the ontology of the application.
Non‐violent resistance parent training for the parents of young adults with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder

A ‘dependence trap’ between parents and young adults with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder (HF-ASD) develops when parents accommodate to the needs of their grown-up child in ways that may hinder development and cause distress. Non-Violent Resistance (NVR) parent training may help parents reduce their accommodation, manage arising conflicts through de-escalation techniques, and amass external support for themselves and their child. Parents of four young adults with HF-ASD received a ten-week modified NVR parent training. Cases were evaluated through semi-structured interviews and self-report questionnaires. The parents reported improved independent functioning, reduced parental helplessness and accommodation, and enhanced support. Questionnaires showed improvements in reported parental hopefulness and reduced parental depression. Practitioner points Families with a grown-up child with HF-ASD may be characterised by excessive parental accommodation that is detrimental to optimal functioning Accommodation increases dependence, which in turn requires continued accommodation, forming a ‘dependence trap’ NVR parent training may help parents to young adults with HF-ASD reduce parental accommodation, helplessness and depression, while improving hopefulness and adaptation
FFH/BFSK suboptimum maximum-likelihood receiver over frequency-selective Rician fading channel with worst case band multi-tone jamming

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of a suboptimum maximum-likelihood receiver for FFH/BFSK systems with a worst case multi-tone jamming and additive white Gaussian noise over frequency selective Rician fading channel. As we know the computation of nonlinear modified Bessel function is required to implement the optimum ML receiver. According to this fact, one of the existent approximations is used in this paper to simplify the analysis, decrease the complexity of the receiver and investigate the performance of the suboptimum ML receiver in the frequency selective Rician fading channel. The results show the performance of this suboptimum receiver with different diversity levels and different channel parameters. Also better channel parameters that cause lower bit error rate are explained. This suboptimum receiver outperforms all other diversity combining receivers.
Mortality among 5‐year survivors of cancer diagnosed during childhood or adolescence in British Columbia, Canada

Ongoing monitoring of late mortality among survivors of a childhood or adolescent cancer is essential to appropriately evaluate risk in more recent cohorts and with longer follow‐up. We examined overall and cause‐specific mortality in a population‐based cohort of 2,354 individuals diagnosed with a cancer or tumor prior to 20 years of age between 1970 and 1995 in British Columbia (BC), Canada who survived at least 5 years.
Protective effect of Hypericum hookerianum in reversing haloperidol induced schizophrenia-like behaviors in Swiss albino mice

A major mental disorder that affects young people, schizophrenia ( Greek “split mind”) is characterized by a variety of symptoms including but not limited to , loss of contact with reality, bizarre behaviour, disorganized thinking, speech, decreased emotional expressiveness ,loss of contact with reality and society and long-lasting, not completely successful treatment. Anti-psychotics are the drugs used to treat schizophrenia. Typical anti-psychotics like haloperidol produce serious side effects leading to patient noncompliance and loss of quality of life. These side effects are due to pro-oxidant property of haloperidol which causes oxidative stress induced neuronal damage. Herbs have been shown to have neuroprotective potential especially those belonging to Hypericum species - Hypericum hookerianum has proven neuroprotective potential and is being used in folk medicine by ethnic communities to treat mental illnesses. However scientific validation of the healing properties of this plant has so far been lacking. It is in view of this,the current study was undertaken to investigate the protective effect of Hypericum hookerianum in reversing haloperidol induced schizophrenia-like behaviors in Swiss albino mice. Haloperidol was administered to mice (2.5mg/kg i.p -0.4ml from the prepared stock solution) for a period of 21 days. All the behavioral assessment was carried out 24 h after the last dose of haloperidol. The behavioral assessments were observed on 2nd, 7th, 14th and 22nd day of treatment with Haloperidol. Ethanolic extract of Hypericum hookerianum (EEHH) at a dose of 200mg/kg and 400 mg/kg treated groups were compared with Haloperidol treated group. Results of pre pulse inhibition, locomotor activity, plus maze performance and stair case tests have showed that the Hypericum hookerianum shows a lot of potential in the treatment of diminishing catatonic schizophrenia related behaviours. The major phytocostituents like flavanoids, polyphenols, saponins etc., present in the plant is believed to have the neuroprotective effect.
Remarriage patterns among recent widows and widowers

Remarriage is one of the most important determinants of physical and economic well-being among the widowed. The goal of this study is to estimate how hazard rates for remarriage vary among widows and widowers on the basis of both observable and unobservable characteristics. The remarriage estimates rely on nationally representative samples of widows and widowers from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Continuous-time hazard rate regressions indicate strong age and duration dependence effects for middle-aged widows and widowers and for older widowers. Among middle-aged widows, blacks and those with dependent children in the home have lower rates of remarriage. For middle-aged widowers, living in urbanized areas limits the prospects of remarriage. For older widowers, education and, to some extent, economic status appear to have positive effects on the remarriage rates. Overall, age and time since widowhood have the strongest and most consistent effects on remarriage rates for different widowed groups.
Anaesthesia, not number of sessions, influences the magnitude and duration of an aHF-rTMS in dogs

Background Currently, the rat has been a useful animal model in brain stimulation research. Nevertheless, extrapolating results from rodent repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) research to humans contains several hurdles. This suggests the desperate need for a large animal model in translational rTMS research. The dog would be a valid choice, not only due to the fact that humans and dogs share a neurophysiological background, but a similar neuropathological background as well. Hypothesis In order to evaluate the feasibility of the canine rTMS animal model, this study aimed to evaluate the neurophysiological response in dogs on a, clinically used, accelerated high frequency (aHF) rTMS protocol. This aHF-rTMS (20 Hz) protocol was performed under anaesthesia or sedation and either 20 sessions or 5 sessions were given to each dog. Methods 21 healthy dogs were randomly subjected to one of the four aHF-rTMS protocols (1 sham and 3 active protocols). For each dog, the perfusion indices (PI), of a [99mTc]HMPAO scan at 4 time points, for the left frontal cortex (stimulation target) were calculated for each protocol. Results Concerning sham stimulation, the average PI remained at the baseline level. The main result was the presence of a direct transitory increase in rCBF at the stimulation site, both under anaesthesia and sedation. Nevertheless the measured increase in rCBF was higher but shorter duration under sedation. The magnitude of this increase was not influenced by number of sessions. No changes in rCBF were found in remote brain regions. Conclusion This study shows that, despite the influence of anaesthesia and sedation, comparable and clinically relevant effects on the rCBF can be obtained in dogs. Since less methodological hurdles have to be overcome and comparable results can be obtained, it would be acceptable to put the dog forward as an alternative translational rTMS animal model.
Evaluation of PTEN, PI3K, MTOR, and KRAS expression and their clinical and prognostic relevance to differentiated thyroid carcinoma

Aim of the study Important signalling pathways play fundamental roles in the pathogenesis of thyroid carcinoma (TC). PTEN, mTOR, PI3K-p85 and K-Ras are the principal factors involved in these signalling pathways. To immunohistochemically examine the expressions of PI3K, mTOR and PTEN in patients suffering from follicular TC, papillary TC or variants thereof, as well as to investigate KRAS mutations via PCR to determine their clinical and prognostic relevance to differentiated thyroid cancer. Material and methods The expression of PTEN, PI3K-p85 and mTOR was immunohistochemically examined, and the mutation of K-Ras was examined via PCR. The results obtained were compared to the clinico-pathologic characteristics of the patients. Results A significant correlation was found between p85 expression and lymphovascular invasions and between PTEN expression and multifocality (p = 0.048 and p = 0.04, respectively), and a correlation between p85 and capsular invasion was found, with a borderline statistical significance (p = 0.056). No expression of PTEN, p85 or Mtor was detected in normal tissue. K-Ras mutation was examined in 66 of the 101 patients (57.4%), and the percentage of patients exhibiting a K-Ras mutation was 17.4%. All of the patients exhibiting a K-Ras mutation were women (p = 0.047). The disease-free survival was 44.6 months (95% CI: 37.9–51.3) and was statistically significantly higher in the group that displayed level 1 or lower expression of p85 (p = 0.043). Conclusions The expression levels of the aforementioned markers were significantly higher in TC cells than in normal tissue. A significant correlation was detected between K-Ras mutation and gender. This study demonstrates that p85 and PTEN are markers that should be evaluated in further studies of TC.
Desenvolvimento da Compreensão Emocional

A compreensao emocional e a habilidade sociocognitiva de reconhecer as emocoes, compreender as respostas as emocoes dos outros e das situacoes emocionais, abarcando uma serie de habilidades e compreensoes relacionadas com a emocao, como a compreensao da relacao entre emocoes e outros estados mentais, conhecimento de estrategias de regulacao das emocoes e compreensao de respostas emocionais ambivalentes. Nos ultimos 20 anos, varios estudos tem demonstrado a existencia de importantes mudancas na compreensao emocional da crianca entre os 18 meses e os 12 anos de idade (Pons, Harris, & de Rosnay, 2004). Sendo a compreensao emocional uma componente-chave da competencia emocional das criancas (Belacchi & Farina, 2010), neste artigo apresentaremos alguns conceitos e formulacoes importantes acerca do seu desenvolvimento.
Hierarchic GERT networks for simulating systems with checkpoints

This paper considers reliability and fault-tolerance incensement of technical systems based on microcontrollers. It is achieved by organizing checkpoints within programs and decreasing watchdog timers' timeouts of microcontrollers. The direction of progress from the entry point to the exit via simple model paths is marked by dominator nodes. They implement the operations characterizing checkpoints. Dominators are interconnected by GERT networks. They reflect the operations implemented between adjoining checkpoints. At the checkpoint contents of the registers defining microprocessor state are written into the energy-dependent memory. The balance between the protocol running time incensement which is provoked by the organization of checkpoints and the decrement of the timeouts of the watchdog timer handling microcontroller's hang-ups is maintained.
Heuristic optimization for wind energy integrated optimal power flow

Wind energy has been playing a critical role in modern electric power system due to the fact that wind is free of cost and environment-friendly. However the inherent intermittency of wind has complicated system operation such as optimal power flow (OPF). In this paper, the authors present a stochastic OPF model integrated with wind power (WOPF). Since WOPF is a highly non-linear and non-convex problem, a heuristic method, artificial bee colony (ABC), is utilized to handle the problem. Heuristic methods are credited for their simplicity to solve complicated non-linear optimization problem without approximating the system and the ability to find better global optimum. Two IEEE systems (30 and 118 bus) are used to test the validity and effectiveness of the method.