Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ethiopian Jews Meet Israeli Family Physicians: A Study of Cultural Somatization

Cultural somatization can be defined as the use of the body as a metaphor for personal distress, and is a common feature of illness behaviour in both Western and non-Western societies. This study explores the prevalence of somatization among Ethiopian Jewish immigrants in Israel, the relationship of these symptoms to their psychosocial environment, and approaches that Israeli doctors can pursue in order to better understand and communicate with somatizing patients. Lebi, a heart- centred symptom complex, and the illnesses of zar and kole, which are thought to be caused by spirits, are described in case studies as examples of traditional beliefs about illness which have persisted among Ethiopian Jews in Israel.
Bleeding detection in wireless capsule endoscopy based on MST clustering and SVM

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE), a widely used tool for gastrointestinal tract lesion detection, produces a large number of images. However, it is difficult and inefficient to manually search for and find bleeding lesions among these images. In this study, a new method for the automatic identification of bleeding frames in WCE has been proposed. The minimum spanning tree (MST) clustering algorithm was applied to reduce the background noise. Then, the images' features are extracted from the clustering result and classified by support vector machine (SVM). The experimental results, suggest that this method can correctly identify and mark the bleeding areas in WCE images. The final sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of our proposed method are 91.69%, 94.59%, and 94.10%, respectively.
Still Carrying the Can: Primary-School Headship in the 1990s.

ABSTRACT The heads of twelve schools in the primary sector in an English county town were interviewed as part of a study of the influence of markets and market ideologies on the management of small‐service providers. Overall, the heads felt that their responsibilities were as great or greater than ever. There was considerable variation in the extent to which new approaches and business‐derived management discourse had been consciously adopted, but many of the practices were consistent with aspects of this discourse, although there was also a desire to retain traditional features of primary headship.
Hapax Legomenon II: Theory, a Thesaurus, and Word Frequency

There are a number of different ways to generate contingency tables and their appropriate statistics. The Tables submenu makes it very easy to do one-way, 2x2, and RxC tables using either case-by-variable input or cell count. The data can be sorted and converted into percents and confidence intervals can be established. FASTAT generates Pearson chi-square, likelihood ratio, and Yates’s corrected chi-squared tests, as well as Fisher’s exact test and Yule’s Q and Y.
Development and Testing of Hybrid Fuzzy Logic Controller for Car Suspension System Using Magneto-Rheological Damper

In this paper, the development of a novel semi-active suspension control of quarter car model using fuzzy logic based controller has been done. The proposed quarter car model can be described as a nonlinear two degrees of freedom system, which is subject to system disturbances from different road profiles. In order to implement the suspension system experimentally, the magneto rheological (MR) fluid has been used as adjustable damper. The MR damper is a control device that consists of a hydraulic cylinder filled with magnetically polarizable particles suspended in a liquid. The MR dampers rapidly dissipate vibration by absorbing energy. In this work, a proportional integral derivative, a fuzzy logic and hybrid controllers are used to control the semi-active car suspension system. Results show that both fuzzy logic and hybrid controllers are quite suitable to eliminate road disturbances to the suspension system considerably as compared to the conventional PID controller.
Further Efforts to Clarify Industrial Ecology's Hidden Philosophy of Nature

As an emerging discipline, industrial ecology represents a promising interdisciplinary field that studies industrial systems and their fundamental linkage with nature. At the root of its scientific profile lies a refreshingly different perspective on nature as a model in comparison with other disciplines' orthodox understanding nature in terms of a “sack of resources” the “biophysical limit”“something outside”“surrounding” or just “environment”. In contrast to these phrases, industrial ecology's perspective indicates an important change in the interpretation of nature, from the interest in intervening in or preserving nature toward an orientation by nature, from the comprehension of nature as an object toward understanding nature as a model, and from exploiting natural resources toward learning from nature as, in part, an ideal. This characteristic perspective of industrial ecology is typically stated with an appealing natural ecosystem metaphor and based on an analogy between industrial systems and natural ecosystems. On the basis of initial efforts to conceptualize industrial ecology's underlying assumptions concerning nature, a philosophically focused analysis of nature as a model is presented. Industrial ecology's implicit philosophy of nature is thus uncovered and clarified. Finally, a set of arguments drawing on the philosophy of science and on Kantian epistemology and philosophical anthropology is provided to gain greater conceptual clarity and to contribute to laying a solid foundation for industrial ecology's stimulating role in achieving sustainability at large.
Navigating Between Dialogue and Confrontation: Phronesis and Emotions in Interviewing Elites on Ethnic Discrimination

Interviews with political or organizational elites often constitute a valuable source of knowledge about organizational culture, values, and strategies. However, such interviews often confront the researcher with either reluctant or control-seeking respondents, especially for sensitive issues such as human rights and ethnic discrimination, issues that may involve strong emotions. Drawing inspiration from a qualitative methodology focusing on resistance and power, the article argues that in such situations, the interviewer needs to integrate both dialogic and agonistic interview methodologies through phronesis, Aristotle’s concept of practical rationality. A phronetic approach, involving reflections on the link between reason and emotions, is well suited for handling both dialogue and confrontation in the interview process. Empirically, the article draws on interviews with representatives of trade unions and employer organizations on the subject of human rights and ethnic discrimination in the Danish labor market.
Tierless Programming and Reasoning for Software-Defined Networks

We present Flowlog, a tierless language for programming SDN controllers. In contrast to languages with different abstractions for each program tier--the control-plane, data-plane, and controller state--Flowlog provides a unified abstraction for all three tiers. Flowlog is reminiscent of both SQL and rule-based languages such as Cisco IOS and JunOS; unlike these network configuration languages, Flowlog supports programming with mutable state. We intentionally limit Flowlog's expressivity to enable built-in verification and proactive compilation despite the integration of controller state. To compensate for its limited expressive power, Flowlog enables the reuse of external libraries through callouts. Flowlog proactively compiles essentially all forwarding behavior to switch tables. For rules that maintain controller state or generate fresh packets, the compiler instructs switches to send the minimum amount of necessary traffic to the controller. Given that Flowlog programs can be stateful, this process is non-trivial. We have successfully used Flowlog to implement real network applications. We also compile Flowlog programs to Alloy, a popular verification tool. With this we have verified several properties, including program-correctness properties that are topology-independent, and have found bugs in our own programs.
Discovery and application of network information

Distributed computing has brought about promising new possibilities, both by increasing the computing power to which people have access and by supporting new technologies such as real-time data analysis and collaborative applications. The power of distributed systems is offset by the tremendous complexity of developing applications for dynamic, heterogeneous environments. An important way to manage distributed applications is designing them to adapt their computing and networking needs to their environment. To support adaptation, a number of systems provide resource information obtained using active benchmarks. Benchmarks provide support for many applications, but their effectiveness is limited by low scalability, invasiveness, and the inability to derive network topology. I have examined the use of low-level network information to support adaptive applications without the shortcomings of active benchmarking. The low-level details obtained directly from network components provide the information needed by distributed applications to adapt themselves to modern network environments. Low-level access overcomes the limitations inherent in benchmarking by providing a scalable, non-invasive measurement technique that provides network topology information while continuing to support the predictions of end-to-end application performance available through benchmarking. In this dissertation, I address the need for low-level information, the feasibility of providing it through an application-level interface, the accuracy of end-to-end predictions made provided by low-level information, and the topology discovery capabilities using low-level information. The topology discovery algorithms I present are the first to use the incomplete information available through network components and are provably good with minimal knowledge. My research demonstrates that violating the end-to-end networking abstraction by providing applications with access to low-level network knowledge meets the needs of many applications and is feasible on modern networks.
In vitro characterization of the splicing efficiency and fidelity of the RmInt1 group II intron as a means of controlling the dispersion of its host mobile element

Group II introns are catalytic RNAs that are excised from their precursors in a protein-dependent manner in vivo. Certain group II introns can also react in a protein-independent manner under nonphysiological conditions in vitro. The efficiency and fidelity of the splicing reaction is crucial, to guarantee the correct formation and expression of the protein-coding mRNA. RmInt1 is an efficient mobile intron found within the ISRm2011-2 insertion sequence in the symbiotic bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti. The RmInt1 intron self-splices in vitro, but this reaction generates side products due to a predicted cryptic IBS1* sequence within the 3′ exon. We engineered an RmInt1 intron lacking the cryptic IBS1* sequence, which improved the fidelity of the splicing reaction. However, atypical circular forms of similar electrophoretic mobility to the lariat intron were nevertheless observed. We analyzed a run of four cytidine residues at the 3′ splice site potentially responsible for a lack of fidelity at this site leading to the formation of circular intron forms. We showed that mutations of residues base-pairing in the tertiary EBS3–IBS3 interaction increased the efficiency and fidelity of the splicing reaction. Our results indicate that RmInt1 has developed strategies for decreasing its splicing efficiency and fidelity. RmInt1 makes use of unproductive splicing reactions to limit the transposition of the insertion sequence into which it inserts itself in its natural context, thereby preventing potentially harmful dispersion of ISRm2011-2 throughout the genome of its host.
Pathological interactions with the timing of birth and uterine activation

The physiological processes that regulate the onset of parturition and birth are slowly being elucidated, and the points at which pathology can intervene are becoming more apparent. The data support the view that multiple pathways lead to myometrial activation. The clinical corollary is that combinations of tocolytics that operate via different mechanisms may be more effective than single agents. It may also be necessary to divide preterm labour into groups based on underlying mechanisms and to tailor therapy accordingly.
Evidence in Context: Bayes’ Theorem and Investigations

Investigations require that detectives interpret what evidence tells them about the probability that a suspect committed a crime. Unfortunately, a large body of research suggests that people are generally unable to accurately assess what a specific element of information tells them about the likelihood of an outcome. Bayes’ Theorem, however, can be used to overcome this difficulty. This article explores the use of Bayes’ Theorem to assess the question, “What does evidence tell us about the probability that someone is guilty? ” A variety of analyses are presented, the results of which are not always intuitive. Policy implications are discussed.
Aspirin ‘resistance’: role of pre‐existent platelet reactivity and correlation between tests

Summary. Background: Aspirin ‘resistance’ is a widely used term for hyporesponsiveness to aspirin in a platelet function test. Serum thromboxane (TX) B2 is the most specific test of aspirin’s effect on platelets. Objectives: (i) To examine the role of pre‐existent platelet hyperreactivity in aspirin ‘resistance’. (ii) To determine the correlation between aspirin resistance defined by serum TXB2 and other assays of platelet function. Methods: To enable pre‐aspirin samples to be drawn, platelet function was measured in normal subjects (n = 165) before and after aspirin 81 mg daily for seven days. Results: The proportion of the post‐aspirin platelet function predicted by the pre‐aspirin platelet function was 28.3 ± 7.5% (mean ± asymptotic standard error) for serum TXB2, 39.3 ± 6.8% for urinary 11‐dehydro TXB2, 4.4 ± 7.7% for arachidonic acid‐induced platelet aggregation, 40.4 ± 7.1% for adenosine diphosphate‐induced platelet aggregation, 26.3 ± 9.2% for the VerifyNow Aspirin Assay®, and 45.0 ± 10.9% for the TEG® PlateletMapping™ System with arachidonic acid. There was poor agreement between aspirin‐resistant subjects identified by serum TXB2 vs. aspirin‐resistant subjects identified by the other five assays, irrespective of whether the analysis was based on categorical or continuous variables. Platelet count correlated with pre‐aspirin serum TXB2 and VerifyNow Aspirin Assay, but not with any post‐aspirin platelet function test. Conclusions: (i) Aspirin ‘resistance’ (i.e. hyporesponsiveness to aspirin in a laboratory test) is in part unrelated to aspirin but is the result of underlying platelet hyperreactivity prior to the institution of aspirin therapy. (ii) Aspirin resistance defined by serum TXB2 shows a poor correlation with aspirin resistance defined by other commonly used assays.
The relationship between chest tube size and clinical outcome in pleural infection.

BACKGROUND The optimal choice of chest tube size for the treatment of pleural infection is unknown, with only small cohort studies reported describing the efficacy and adverse events of different tube sizes. METHODS A total of 405 patients with pleural infection were prospectively enrolled into a multicenter study investigating the utility of fibrinolytic therapy. The combined frequency of death and surgery, and secondary outcomes (hospital stay, change in chest radiograph, and lung function at 3 months) were compared in patients receiving chest tubes of differing size (chi(2), t test, and logistic regression analyses as appropriate). Pain was studied in detail in 128 patients. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the frequency with which patients either died or required thoracic surgery in patients receiving chest tubes of varying sizes ( < 10F, number dying or needing surgery 21/58 [36%]; size 10-14F, 75/208 [36%]; size 15-20F, 28/70 [40%]; size > 20F, 30/69 [44%]; chi(2)trend, 1 degrees of freedom [df] = 1.21, P = . 27), nor any difference in any secondary outcome. Pain scores were substantially higher in patients receiving (mainly blunt dissection inserted) larger tubes ( < 10F, median pain score 6 [range 4-7]; 10-14F, 5 [4-6]; 15-20F, 6 [5-7]; > 20F, 6 [6-8]; chi(2), 3 df = 10.80, P = . 013, Kruskal-Wallis; chi(2)trend, 1 df = 6.3, P = . 014). CONCLUSIONS Smaller, guide-wire-inserted chest tubes cause substantially less pain than blunt-dissection-inserted larger tubes, without any impairment in clinical outcome in the treatment of pleural infection. These results suggest that smaller size tubes may be the initial treatment of choice for pleural infection, and randomized studies are now required. TRIAL REGISTRATION MIST1 trial ISRCTN number: 39138989.
Learner Uptake in Communicative ESL Lessons

This article examines incidental and transitory focus on form. Learner uptake was studied in focus-on-form episodes occurring in 12 hours of communicative ESL teaching. Learner uptake was generally high and successful - to a much greater extent than has been reported for immersion classrooms. Uptake was higher and more successful in reactive focus on form and in student-initiated focus on form than in teacher-initiated focus on form. The level of uptake was also influenced by whether meaning or form was negotiated and by the complexity of an episode. This study indicates that focus on form can occur without disturbing the communicative flow of a classroom and that the classroom context can affect the amount of uptake.
Failure to detect type 1 interferon production in human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells after viral exposure.

Cytokine production by endothelial cells is known to occur after the reception of signals such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). In the present study, we demonstrate cytokine release and upregulation of adhesion molecule expression of human endothelial cells derived from umbilical cord veins in response to stimulants. The cells were exposed to the plant lectin phytohemagglutinin A (PHA), the viral inducers Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and Sendai virus, and the nucleic acid analog polyinosinic/polycytidylic acid (polyI:C). All stimulants induced expression of IL-1 beta and IL-6. The titers of these cytokines were comparable to those obtained in human leukocytes, whereas no TNF-alpha release was detectable. A further feature of activation was upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), which was analyzed after contact with these stimulants. These experiments revealed an increased expression of ICAM-1 in response to all stimulants tested. A major part of our studies was devoted to the ability of endothelial cells to produce interferons as an important function of a number of cell types in response to viral infections. To ensure stimulation of the cells, the inducers NDV, Sendai virus, and polyI:C were analyzed. Expression of interferon (IFN) was not detected, although viral inducers mediated the release of IL-1 beta and IL-6, suggesting that endothelial cells are quite responsive to these stimulants. In conclusion, these findings show that the ability of endothelial cells to secrete cytokines is not restricted to mediators of the immune system, such as IL-1. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
La lexicalization des procés typiquement narratifs en français et en espagnol

0 . INTRODUCTION B QUE CETTE communication ait été présentée dans la section de Linguistique Comparée, celle-ci n'est pas directement notre domaine de recherche. Cependant, en Acquisition de Langues Étrangères (approche discursive), cadre dans lequel nous travaillons, la démarche comparatiste est utilisée couramment. C'est pourquoi nous essaierons de mettre en relief la nécessité de comparer, qui est à la base de cette discipline, au sujet précis des études du lexique des procès. Cette approche de l'Acquisition des Langues Étrangères prend comme objet d'étude le discours produit par des apprenants de différentes langues maternelles et étrangères1. Le but est de décrire leur système linguistique en langue étrangère -L2(i.e. leur «lecte» ou variété de langue) et l'usage qu'ils en font, ainsi que le processus d'acquisition dans le cas concret de paires de langues données (langue source langue cible / LS LC) pour arriver à dégager des processus généraux liés à l'acquisition d'une deuxième langue. La démarche comparatiste en Acquisition de Langues dérive naturellement des données à analyser et de ses objectifs : décrire l'acquisition d'une langue étrangère (L2) par des apprenants de la même langue maternelle (Ll) ou de différentes langues maternelles (Ll, Ll', Ll".), décrire le processus général d'acquisition des langues étrangères (L2, L2', L2".).
Marital Status Continuity and Change Among Young and Midlife Adults

Using a life course theoretical framework, this study examined longitudinal effects of continuity and transitions in marital status on multiple dimensions of psychological well-being. Data came from National Survey of Families and Households 1987-1993 respondents ages 19 to 65 (N = 6,948). Differences between men and women as well as between young and midlife adults were investigated. Multivariate analyses revealed a complex pattern of effects depending on the contrast and the outcome examined. Although marriage continued to promote well-being for both men and women, in some cases—for example, autonomy, personal growth—the single fared better than the married. The effects of continuity in single status were not very different for women in contrast to men. The transition to divorce or widowhood was associated with somewhat more negative effects for women. Midlife adults evidenced more psychological resilience than young adults did in facing the challenges of a marital transition or remaining single over time.
Responsibility as a predictor of ecological behaviour

Abstract How responsible a person feels for the environment is a promising predictor of that person's ecological behaviour. One difficulty of using responsibility feelings as a predictor is that people can feel either morally or conventionally responsible. Moral responsibility feelings depend on a person's self-ascribed responsibility (i.e. a deliberate responsibility judgement) and guilt feelings. Conventional responsibility feelings depend on the social expectations a person is aware of and his or her readiness to fulfill these expectations. In a survey study of 445 members of two Swiss transportation associations, the relative influence of these distinguishable responsibility concepts on ecological behaviour was assessed. Structural equation analyses revealed that people apparently feel morally responsible rather than conventionally responsible for the environment. Guilt feelings explain 44 per cent of the variance of these responsibility feelings, which, in turn, explain 45 per cent of the variance of a person's deliberately made responsibility judgement, which, in turn, predicts 55 per cent of the variance of a person's ecological behaviour. These results suggest that if people feel guilty for what they do or fail to do, they also feel morally responsible for the environment. This promotes their self-ascription of responsibility and it is this judgement that predicts a considerable portion of a person's ecological behaviour.
An Academic Locus of Control Scale for College Students

A 28-item true-false format test of beliefs in personal control over academic outcomes is described. The test has high test-retest reliability and scores significantly correlate with measures of generalized locus of control and achievement motivation. No social desirability response set was observed. The test was predictive of four out of five classroom achievement behaviors observed.