Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of secondary involvement of the breast by lymphoreticular malignancy from fibroadenoma using ultrasound elastography: A report of two cases

Abstract Extramedullary lymphoma infiltration of the breast by lymphoblastic lymphoma is very rare and most cases are of B-cell lineage; T-cell neoplasms represent less than 10% of all breast lymphomas. Here, we report one patient with lymphoblastic lymphoma and one patient with leukemia, who have similar lesions in breasts with different ultrasound elastography findings. Ultrasound-guided tru-cut biopsies were performed and the first lesion was confirmed as lymphoma infiltration and the second as fibroadenoma. In cases of breast mass presence in patients with a history of hematologic malignancies such as lymphoma or leukemia, breast infiltration should be kept in mind. Elastography findings can assist in the differentiation of these lesions and further investigations or biopsies can be avoided.
Surface roughness on the Greenland Ice Sheet from airborne laser altimetry

High resolution airborne laser altimetry is used to determine the small‐scale surface relief in central Greenland and estimate the contribution from spatial noise to stratigraphic records. The standard deviation of the surface roughness is 1.6 cm water equivalent, corresponding to a standard deviation of annual layer thickness of 2.3 cm we. This estimate agrees with an independent assessment of the spatial variability (2.5 cm we) based on nine shallow ice cores. The agreement suggests that the statistical nature of the surface in central Greenland remains unchanged throughout the year. By conducting airborne altimetry around proposed drilling sites, the expected noise level in the core can be evaluated and sites selected where this level is lowest.
Regulation of the Cerebral Circulation Role of astrocytes in cerebrovascular regulation

Koehler, Raymond C. , Debebe Gebremedhin, and David R. Harder. Role of astrocytes in cerebrovascular regulation. J Appl Physiol 100: 307–317, 2006; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00938. 2005. —Astrocytes send processes to synapses and blood vessels, communicate with other astrocytes through gap junctions and by release of ATP, and thus are an integral component of the neurovascular unit. Electrical field stimulations in brain slices demonstrate an increase in intracellular calcium in astrocyte cell bodies transmitted to perivascular end-feet, followed by a decrease in vascular smooth muscle calcium oscillations and arteriolar dilation. The increase in astrocyte calcium after neuronal activation is mediated, in part, by activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors. Calcium signaling in vitro can also be influenced by adenosine acting on A2B receptors and by epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) shown to be synthesized in astrocytes. Prostaglandins, EETs, arachidonic acid, and potassium ions are candidate mediators of communication between astrocyte end-feet and vascular smooth muscle. In vivo evidence supports a role for cyclooxygenase-2 metabolites, EETs, adenosine, and neuronally derived nitric oxide in the coupling of increased blood flow to increased neuronal activity. Combined inhibition of the EETs, nitric oxide, and adenosine pathways indicates that signaling is not by parallel, independent pathways. Indirect pharmacological results are consistent with astrocytes acting as intermediaries in neurovascular signaling within the neurovascular unit. For specific stimuli, astrocytes are also capable of transmitting signals to pial arterioles on the brain surface for ensuring adequate inflow pressure to parenchymal feeding arterioles. Therefore, evidence from brain slices and indirect evidence in vivo with pharmacological approaches suggest that astrocytes play a pivotal role in regulating the fundamental physiological response coupling dynamic changes in cerebral blood flow to neuronal synaptic activity. Future work using in vivo imaging and genetic manipulation will be required to provide more direct evidence for a role of astrocytes in neurovascular coupling.
Combined dynamic voltage scaling and adaptive body biasing for heterogeneous distributed real-time embedded systems

Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) is a powerful technique for reducing dynamic power consumption in a computing system. However, as technology feature size continues to scale, leakage power is increasing and will limit power savings obtained by DVS alone. Previous system-level real-time scheduling approaches use DVS alone to optimize power consumption without considering leakage power. To overcome this limitation, we propose a new scheduling algorithm that combines DVS and adaptive body biasing (ABB) to simultaneously optimize both dynamic power consumption and leakage power consumption for real-time distributed embedded systems. First, we derive an analytical expression to determine the optimal supply voltage and body bias voltage under a given clock frequency. Based on this expression, we compute the optimal energy consumption at a given clock frequency and analyze the tradeoff between energy consumption and execution time for a set of tasks with precedence relationships and real-time constraints. We then propose a scheduling algorithm to reduce total power consumption under given real-time constraints. This algorithm also considers variations in power consumption of different tasks and characteristics of different voltage-scalable processing elements (PEs) to maximize power reduction. Experimental results show that the average power reduction of our technique with respect to DVS alone is 34.7%, while the average saving compared to no voltage scaling is 68.3% for the 0.07 /spl mu/m technology.
Climate Change, Sea-Level Rise and Implications for Coastal and Estuarine Shoreline Management with Particular Reference to the Ecology of Intertidal Benthic Macrofauna in NW Europe

In many European estuaries, extensive areas of intertidal habitats consist of bare mudflats and sandflats that harbour a very high abundance and biomass of macrobenthic invertebrates. The high stocks of macrobenthos in turn provide important food sources for the higher trophic levels such as fish and shorebirds. Climate change and associated sea-level rise will have potential to cause changes in coastal and estuarine physical properties in a number of ways and thereby influence the ecology of estuarine dependent organisms. Although the mechanisms involved in biological responses resulting from such environmental changes are complex, the ecological effects are likely to be significant for the estuarine benthic macrofauna and hence the consumers they support. This paper reviews the utilisation patterns of estuarine intertidal habitats by shorebirds, fish and crustaceans, as well as factors affecting the distribution, abundance and biomass of estuarine macrobenthos that is known to be important food source for these estuarine predators. This study also provides simple conceptual models of the likely impacts of sea-level rise on the physical and biological elements of estuarine intertidal habitats, and implications of these results are discussed in the context of sustainable long term flood and coastal management in estuarine environments.
Clostridial bacteremia in cancer patients. A 12‐year experience

Over 12 years, 136 episodes of bacteremia caused by clostridial species were documented. Eighty‐three were monomicrobial, and 53 were polymicrobial. Gastrointestinal, genitourinary carcinomas, and acute leukemia were the most common underlying malignancies. Septic shock occurred in 29% of monomicrobial bacteremias and 45% of polymicrobial bacteremias and was associated with a high mortality rate. Acute hemolysis, gas gangrene, and diffuse spreading cellulitis occurred infrequently but were associated with a 100% fatality rate. Many infections caused by Clostridium perfringens and C. septicum were associated with abdominal disease. The most commonly isolated organism was C. perfringens, followed by C. septicum and C. sporogenes. Overall survival was 58%, but it was 66% for monomicrobial episodes and 45% for polymicrobial infections. All of the patients with bacteremia due to an aerobic gram‐negative bacillus in addition to the clostridial species died of their infection. The most effective antibiotics were clindamycin, penicillin, metronidazole, and moxalactam. Surgical drainage of abscesses was an important component of therapy.
Tobacco, e-cigarettes, and child health

Purpose of the review The availability of the Children's Health Exposure Assessment Resource funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences provides new opportunities for exploring the role of tobacco smoke exposure in causing harm to children. Recent findings Children of smokers are exposed to nicotine and other harmful tobacco smoke chemicals in utero as well as in their environment. This passive exposure to tobacco smoke has a variety of negative effects on children. In-utero exposure to tobacco smoke causes poor birth outcomes and influences lung, cardiovascular, and brain development, placing children at increased risk of a number of adverse health outcomes later in life, such as obesity, behavioral problems, and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, most smokers start in their adolescence, an age of increased nicotine addiction risk. Biomarkers of tobacco exposure helps clarify the role tobacco chemicals play in influencing health both in childhood and beyond. Although electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) appear to be a nicotine delivery device of reduced harm, it appears to be a gateway to the use of combustible cigarette smoking in adolescents. Summary Pediatric researchers interested in elucidating the role of tobacco smoke exposure in adverse outcomes in children should incorporate biomarkers of tobacco exposure in their studies.
Facial Feature Detection Using Multiresolution Decomposition and Hillcrest-Valley Classification with Adaptive Mean Filter

Automatic facial feature detection is one of the most important topics in computer vision and there are still many open problems that have not been solved. Nonuniform illumination is among one of those problems. This paper proposes a novel method for solving nonuniform illumination problem using multiresolution decomposition and a new technique called hillcreast-valley classification with adaptive mean filter to normalize illumination and detect dominant facial features, such as eyes, nose and mouth automatically. The proposed method is divided into three modules: eye detection, nose detection, and mouth detection modules. In this method, a single face image is divided into three regions: eye, nose, and mouth regions, then we use multiresolution decomposition to detect the eyes, and use thresholding to detect the nose and the mouth. For multiresolution decomposition, we decompose the eye region into small blocks and use hillcrest-valley classification with adaptive mean filter to classify each block as either a high or low-intensity region. Each low-intensity(valley) region is then decomposed into smaller blocks and each block is classified as either high- or low-intersity region. The low-intensity regions are then defined as the eyes. Finally the nose and the mouth are detected using thresholding. The method was evaluated on the YaleB face database that consists of face images taken by different illumination variations and the experimental results indicate that our proposed method achieves high accuracy rate.
Linkages between Aggression and Children's Legitimacy of Aggression Beliefs.

To determine whether Slaby and Guerra's (1988) measure of aggression would reliably assess younger children's belief about aggression and whether children's belief about the legitimacy of aggression relates to their self-reports of it and to their levels of aggression as evaluated by peers, 781 fourth and fifth graders were asked to complete an adapted questionnaire assessing their beliefs about the legitimacy of aggression. Children also viewed a series of hypothetical ambiguous provocation vignettes and answered questions about the situations. Two to threJ months afterwards, peer evaluations of children's aggressive, withdrawn, and prosocial behaviors were obtained. The children were then classified as low, medium, or high in their endorsement of the legitimacy of aggression. The high-legitimacy group was consistently more aggressive than the average-legitimacy group, which was more aggressive than the low-legitimacy group. Peers evaluated high-legitimacy children as most aggressive, average-legitimacy ones as less, and low-legitimacy children as least aggressive. High-legitimacy children were significantly less likely to choose withdrawal or prosocial acts as their most likely response to provocation. The adapted legitimacy of aggression questionnaire provides a reliable instrument for measuring children's thoughts about aggression, and beliefs about the legitimacy of aggression are significantly related to behavior. (MSF) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Linkages between Aggression and Children's Legitimacy of Aggression Beliefs Cynthia A. Erdley / University of Maine Steven R. Asher University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Paper presented in the symposium, "Social Relationships, Social Beliefs, and Aggression" (Steven R. Asher, Chair) at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, August 20-24, 1993, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Please address correspondence to Cynthia A. Erdley, Department of Psychology, University of Maine, 5742 Little Hall, Orono, ME 04469-5742. "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Cr Eriter TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC). " 2 1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 0 This document has been reprOduCed as received from the person or Organization originating it 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduChOn quality Points &view or opinions stated in I his docu menl do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy
Timing and Synchrony of Ovulation in Red Deer Constrained by Short Northern Summers

Iteroparous mothers often face a trade‐off between further investments in current offspring at the expense of the start of the next reproductive cycle. In the strongly seasonal environments at northern latitudes, large herbivores are typically calving in early summer each year to get a long growth season and to hit peak protein levels of vegetation. Late‐born offspring are more likely to die since they are smaller in autumn. Low female condition in autumn due to prolonged investment in current‐year offspring may lower her ability to ovulate sufficiently early to get a good start for the calves the following spring. On the basis of autopsies of uteri from 10,073 red deer (Cervus elaphus), we show that ovulation was delayed as well as more synchronous with increasing population density. This suggests that ovulation beyond a certain date incurs some fitness costs. Ovulation occurs progressively earlier with increasing age up to around 13 yr of age, after which ovulation again occurs later. Low ovulation rates in young compared with prime‐aged deer were correlated with late ovulation in the fall. Also, yearling groups with a low rate of ovulation (e.g., because of low weight) also ovulated later, and old senescent deer not calving the previous year ovulated less frequently and markedly later than those raising a calf. Our findings suggest, therefore, that mothers unable to ovulate before a certain date fail to do so altogether that year.
Herder on Cultural Pluralism and the State: An Examination of His Views and Their Implications for Public Administration

Abstract This article explores Johann Gottfried Herder’s ideas on cultural pluralism and the state and what they suggest for American and comparative public administration. Herder’s ideas provide a powerful reminder of the dangers of centralized political and administrative power both to individuals and to diverse cultures and the need to place limits on such power. Furthermore, Herder’s ideas on the incompatibility and incommensurability of cultural values call into question the idea of any universal model of public administration and suggest that, in thinking about administrative changes, we should examine more closely our own political and social culture as well as those of other countries.
Better nonnative intonation scores through prosodic theory

Pronunciation scoring is one important task for software designed to give feedback to students practicing a second language. English intonation can convey information about a speaker’s nativeness, so previous studies have proposed using intonation-based models to score nonnative pronunciation. One past approach trained models for a set of pronunciation scores using ad hoc features derived from the frequency contour. We use prosodic theory to train models for categorical intonation units, inspired by work in modeling tone languages. These HMM-based models offer 0.398 correlation between automatic and listener scores on the ISLE nonnative speech corpus, compared to the 0.156 baseline correlation
Cohesinopathy mutations disrupt the subnuclear organization of chromatin

chromosome organization transcriptional regulation. A in Smc1 in the of a heterochromatin boundary element at the silent mating in budding Mutations in Scc2/Nipped-B, a subunit of the cohesin complex, result in defects in long-range promoter–enhancer interactions in Drosophila melanogaster 1999). A mutation in the Mcd1 cohesin subunit leads to defects in cohesion, chromosome condensation, and nucleolar morphology (Guacci 1997). However, it is unclear whether these phenotypes reflect a direct role for cohesin in chromatin folding and organization or result from indirect effects of the cohesion defect.
Internet science: A manifesto

The purpose of this paper is to describe a new emerging science: Internet science. This paper argues that current Internet is a direct by-product of Shannon's Information theory and its master thesis. After that I attempt a general and generic definition of a network and discuss the different alternatives. This discussion results in defining a network as a set of distributed actors cooperating for exchanging information. Based on this definition, I describe how cooperation in networks happens at two conceptual levels: on the structure and the growth of the network and on the information exchange (or forwarding). After describing a potential approach to understand the growth of a network as resulting from an iterative prisoners' dilemma game, I explained how forwarding cooperation can be divided into three classes: full cooperation, selfishness and nonrational cases. This discussion opens a discussion on the need to develop a new economical theory for understanding networks and information exchange.
Bounded skew clock routing for 3D stacked IC designs: Enabling trade-offs between power and clock skew

This paper addresses a bounded skew clock routing problem in 3D stacked IC designs to enable effective trade-offs between power and clock skew. The existing 3D clock tree synthesis (CTS) techniques for power and temperature management solve the clock routing problem in two steps: (step 1) constructing a zero skew clock tree and (step 2) restructuring the clock tree to minimize the increased clock skew caused by temperature variation. Unlike the previous works, this paper provides various solutions for step 1 by relaxing skew bound rather than one (possibly extreme) solution, so that the task of step 2 is more amenable and effective by reduced or controlled power in step 1. To this end, we propose an algorithm, called BSTDME-3D (bounded skew clock tree with deffered merge embedding for 3D ICs), to solve the bounded skew clock tree embedding problem in 3D ICs for a given tree topology. By utilizing the proposed clock tree embedding algorithm, we setup the (un)buffered 3D CTS flow under a (non-)zero skew bound, and study impacts of skew bound on total wirelength and thus clock power consumption. From the extensive experiments, it is shown that the unbuffered CTS with 100ps skew bound reduces 3D clock wirelength by 16% on average for the 4-die stacked 3D ICs. The buffered CTS with 100ps skew bound reduces 3D clock wirelength by 18%, buffer resource by 25%, and thereby clock power consumption by 16% on average for the 4-die stacked 3D ICs.
On the Orthogonality of q-Classical Polynomials of the Hahn Class

The central idea behind this review article is to discuss in a unified sense the orthogonality of all possible polynomial solutions of theq-hypergeometric difference equation on aq-linear lattice by means of a qualitative analysis of theq-Pearson equation. To be more specific, a geometrical approach has been used by taking into account every possible rational form of the polynomial coefficients in the q-Pearson equation, together with various relative positions of their zeros, to describe a desired q-weight function supported on a suitable set of points. Therefore, our method differs from the standard ones which are based on the Favard theorem, the three-term recurrence relation and the difference equation of hypergeometric type. Our approach enables us to extend the orthogonality relations for some well-known q-polynomials of the Hahn class to a larger set of their parameters.
A Drosophila immune response against Ras-induced overgrowth

ABSTRACT Our goal is to characterize the innate immune response against the early stage of tumor development. For this, animal models where genetic changes in specific cells and tissues can be performed in a controlled way have become increasingly important, including the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. Many tumor mutants in Drosophila affect the germline and, as a consequence, also the immune system itself, making it difficult to ascribe their phenotype to a specific tissue. Only during the past decade, mutations have been induced systematically in somatic cells to study the control of tumorous growth by neighboring cells and by immune cells. Here we show that upon ectopic expression of a dominant-active form of the Ras oncogene (RasV12), both imaginal discs and salivary glands are affected. Particularly, the glands increase in size, express metalloproteinases and display apoptotic markers. This leads to a strong cellular response, which has many hallmarks of the granuloma-like encapsulation reaction, usually mounted by the insect against larger foreign objects. RNA sequencing of the fat body reveals a characteristic humoral immune response. In addition we also identify genes that are specifically induced upon expression of RasV12. As a proof-of-principle, we show that one of the induced genes (santa-maria), which encodes a scavenger receptor, modulates damage to the salivary glands. The list of genes we have identified provides a rich source for further functional characterization. Our hope is that this will lead to a better understanding of the earliest stage of innate immune responses against tumors with implications for mammalian immunity.
Leveraging Google SafeBrowsing to Characterize Web-based Attacks

As the World Wide Web expands, it also hosts an increasing number of attacks designed to install malicious software on users’ computers. These attacks are often transitory, as soon as they are detected the attack can be moved to a new location and repeated. As a result, it is difficult to study attacks in an online manner. In this paper, we present preliminary results that make use of tools provided by Google to determine connectivity among the attack sites, especially the sites that redirect from one to another.