Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Euphorbia hirta: Its chemistry, traditional and medicinal uses, and pharmacological activities

The oldest remedies known to mankind are herbal medicines. India is known worldwide for its Ayurvedic treatment. Euphorbia hirta is often used traditionally for female disorders, respiratory ailments (cough, coryza, bronchitis, and asthma), worm infestations in children, dysentery, jaundice, pimples, gonorrhea, digestive problems, and tumors. It is reported to contain alkanes, triterpenes, phytosterols, tannins, polyphenols, and flavanoids. This review describes the medicinal properties, chemical constituents, and other important aspects of Euphorbia hirta.
Through the looking glass: counter‐mirror activation following incompatible sensorimotor learning

The mirror system, comprising cortical areas that allow the actions of others to be represented in the observer’s own motor system, is thought to be crucial for the development of social cognition in humans. Despite the importance of the human mirror system, little is known about its origins. We investigated the role of sensorimotor experience in the development of the mirror system. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure neural responses to observed hand and foot actions following one of two types of training. During training, participants in the Compatible (control) group made mirror responses to observed actions (hand responses were made to hand stimuli and foot responses to foot stimuli), whereas the Incompatible group made counter‐mirror responses (hand to foot and foot to hand). Comparison of these groups revealed that, after training to respond in a counter‐mirror fashion, the relative action observation properties of the mirror system were reversed; areas that showed greater responses to observation of hand actions in the Compatible group responded more strongly to observation of foot actions in the Incompatible group. These results suggest that, rather than being innate or the product of unimodal visual or motor experience, the mirror properties of the mirror system are acquired through sensorimotor learning.
Productivity of Populus in monoclonal and polyclonal blocks at three spacings

Quatre clones de Populus furent cultives dans un dispositif comportant trois espacements (0,5, 1,0 et 1,5 m) et des parcelles monoclonales et polyclonales ou tous les clones etaient completement melanges. Apres trois ans, plusieurs traits des arbres pris individuellement ou des peuplements differaient selon le clone, l'espacement, la methode de deploiement et les interactions entre ces facteurs. Les differences dans la croissance et la forme de la tige entre les clones etaient plus importantes dans les parcelles polyclonales que monoclonales. Du point de vue de la performance, les differences entre les methodes de deploiement etaient plus fortes dans les plantations les plus denses. Les peuplements monoclonaux etaient plus uniformes quant a la dimension des arbres que les peuplements polyclonaux. Le rendement total epige de matiere ligneuse seche atteignait en moyenne 48,0 Mg.ha -1 avec l'espacement de 0,5 m et diminuait avec l'augmentation de l'espacement. Le rendement de certains clones differait de celui d'autres clones dans les parcelles monoclonales et polyclonales. En assumant qu'on a plante le meme nombre de plants pour les clones correspondants, le mode de deploiement n'a pas affecte la productivite; c'est-a-dire que, meme s'il y avait des differences de rendement entre les clones, le rendement moyen des quatres clones en parcelles monoclonales (44,3 Mg.ha -1 ) ne differait pas du rendement des parcelles polyclonales (43,1 Mg.ha -1 ). Les rendements comparatifs (rendement dans les parcelles polyclonales/rendement dans les parcelles monoclonales) differaient par contre beaucoup et les augmentations ou les diminutions de rendement comparatif differaient selon l'espacement et le clone. La production et les stocks etaient moins egalement repartis entre les clones dans le cas des deploiements polyclonaux que monoclonaux.
The symmetric representation of the rigid body equations and their discretization

This paper analyses continuous and discrete versions of the generalized rigid body equations and the role of these equations in numerical analysis, optimal control and integrable Hamiltonian systems. In particular, we present a symmetric representation of the rigid body equations on the Cartesian product SO(n) × SO(n) and study its associated symplectic structure. We describe the relationship of these ideas with the Moser–Veselov theory of discrete integrable systems and with the theory of variational symplectic integrators. Preliminary work on the ideas discussed in this paper may be found in Bloch et al (Bloch AM, Crouch P, Marsden J E and Ratiu T S 1998 Proc. IEEE Conf. on Decision and Control 37 2249–54).
Monotonicity of fixation probability of evolutionary dynamics on complex networks

It is well known that the evolutionary dynamics characterizes the process of competition and evolution of phenotypes and behaviors in a population. Intuitively, the individual with a higher fitness will have a higher survival probability, which should be reflected in the evolutionary dynamic model. However, due to the computational complexity of fixation probability, it is very difficult to prove the existence of this property in evolutionary dynamics on complex networks. This paper aims at providing a rigorously theoretical proof for the global existence of such property in the local evolutionary dynamics by using the coupling and splicing techniques. In particular, we also prove that the fixation probability is monotone increasing for the initial nodes set of mutants. Numerical simulations are also given to validate the proposed approaches.
Multiplexed serial wireless connectivity for palmtop computers

Palmtop computers which consume very little power, have very small size, and are much cheaper compared to their laptop counterparts are proliferating in the market. However, there exist no satisfactory wireless connectivity solution in terms of cost and power consumption to connect these devices to the network. This paper describes a cost-effective, low-power wireless connectivity solution for these devices and presents the design and implementation of how multiple such devices are connected to an access point over a shared wireless link.
Genomic features in the breakpoint regions between syntenic blocks

MOTIVATION We study the largely unaligned regions between the syntenic blocks conserved in humans and mice, based on data extracted from the UCSC genome browser. These regions contain evolutionary breakpoints caused by inversion, translocation and other processes. RESULTS We suggest explanations for the limited amount of genomic alignment in the neighbourhoods of breakpoints. We discount inferences of extensive breakpoint reuse as artefacts introduced during the reconstruction of syntenic blocks. We find that the number, size and distribution of small aligned fragments in the breakpoint regions depend on the origin of the neighbouring blocks and the other blocks on the same chromosome. We account for this and for the generalized loss of alignment in the regions partially by artefacts due to alignment protocols and partially by mutational processes operative only after the rearrangement event. These results are consistent with breakpoints occurring randomly over virtually the entire genome.
Modeling fish-eye lenses

The human visual system can be characterized as a variable-resolution system: foveal information is processed at very high spatial resolution whereas peripheral information is processed at low spatial resolution. Various transforms have been proposed to model spatially varying resolution. Unfortunately, special sensors need to be designed to acquire images according to existing transforms. In this work, two models of fish-eye transform are presented. The validity of the transformations is demonstrated by fitting the alternative models to a real fish-eye lens.
Efficient Computation of Multiple Density-Based Clustering Hierarchies

HDBSCAN*, a state-of-the-art density-based hierarchical clustering method, produces a hierarchical organization of clusters in a dataset w.r. t. a parameter mpts. While the performance of HDBSCAN* is robust w.r. t. mpts, choosing a "good" value for it can be challenging: depending on the data distribution, a high or low value for mpts may be more appropriate, and certain data clusters may reveal themselves at different values of mpts. To explore results for a range of mpts, one has to run HDBSCAN* for each value in the range independently, which is computationally inefficient. In this paper we propose an efficient approach to compute all HDBSCAN* hierarchies for a range of mpts by replacing the graph used by HDBSCAN* with a much smaller graph that is guaranteed to contain the required information. Our experiments show that our approach can obtain, for example, over one hundred hierarchies for a cost equivalent to running HDBSCAN* about 2 times. In fact, this speedup tends to increase with the number of hierarchies to be computed.
Structural changes in poly(ethylene terephthalate) induced by cryomilling and ambimilling

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has been subjected to high energy ball milling at two different temperatures (cryogenic temperature and ambient temperature). The morphological and crystal structural evolutions of milled powders are characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction measurement. The particle size and distribution of milled powders are measured by laser diffraction particle size analyzer (LDPSA). The results indicate that the mechanisms of refining and amorphization are remarkably different between cryomilling (mechanical milling under cryogenic temperature) and ambimilling (mechanical milling under ambient temperature). The cryomilled particles are agglomerated morphology, while the ambimilled particles are cold-welded morphology. Cryomilling induced crystalline PET translates to general amorphous, however, ambimilling induced crystalline PET transforms to oriented amorphous. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 986–993, 2006
Indoor location estimation using multiple wireless technologies

Future mobile devices will increasingly have multiple sources of location information associated with them, such as GPS, cellular cell-sector ID, Bluetooth or 802.11 wireless LAN. In fact, cellular phones with GPS receivers and 802.11 wireless LAN are already becoming available. However, not all location technologies will operate everywhere (e.g. GPS typically will not work indoors whereas 802.11 coverage may be available) and they typically have different accuracies and range. This paper presents an experimental study of the feasibility of using multiple wireless technologies simultaneously for location estimation. We have collected signal strength information from both IEEE 802.11 and Bluetooth wireless network technologies, developed and applied algorithms for determining location using data for each wireless technology, and then used a simple algorithm for fusing the location estimates from both technologies to try to enhance the accuracy of the location estimates.
Database Application Development as an Object Modeling Activity

The DAIDA project has made an attempt of formally defining and relating declarative and computational entities considered relevant to the process of database application development. Such entities range from objectoriented specifications to executable modules of database programs. To bridge the gap between semantics and computation, they also include abstract machine-based formal specifications and transformational theories. In an second contribution, selected characteristics of such entities and relationships are modeled uniformly in a software information system. Emphasis is placed on those properties that may become relevant when applications have to be modified or adjusted. Besides discussing the interaction of these aspects of the DAIDA methodology, the paper outlines an operational project prototype and reports first experiences.
Estimating Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate and Real Exchange Rate Misalignment of Chinese Yuan: 1980-2007

Based on the equilibrium real exchange rate (ERER) put forward by Edwards (1989) and Johansen cointegration estimation methodology, this paper estimates the equilibrium real exchange rate of Chinese Yuan from 1980 to 2007 and calculates the real exchange rate misalignment. The result shows that the real exchange rate of Chinese Yuan was deviated from the equilibrium substantially most of the time, especially when China adopted the de facto pegged exchange rate regime during 1995-2004. In order to correct the misalignment and avoid currency crisis risk, this paper suggests that China should adopt more flexible exchange rate regime.
Regulation of Anti-DNA B Cells in Recombination-activating Gene–deficient Mice

Anti-DNA antibodies are regulated in normal individuals but are found in high concentration in the serum of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and the MRL lpr/lpr mouse model of SLE. We previously studied the regulation of anti–double-stranded (ds)DNA and anti–single-stranded (ss)DNA B cells in a nonautoimmune background by generating mice carrying immunoglobulin transgenes coding for anti-DNAs derived from MRL lpr/lpr. Anti-dsDNA B cells undergo receptor editing, but anti-ssDNA B cells seem to be functionally silenced. Here we have investigated how anti-DNA B cells are regulated in recombination- activating gene (RAG)-2−/− mice. In this setting, anti-dsDNA B cells are eliminated by apoptosis in the bone marrow and anti-ssDNA B cells are partially activated.
A structured sliding mode controller for a class of underactuated mechanical systems

Based on sliding mode control, a new Structured Sliding Mode Controller (SSMC) for a class of underactuated mechanical systems (UMSs) with three degrees of freedom (DOF) is presented in this paper. Mainly, this class of UMSs presents three DOF and includes three different subsystems. Moreover, three sliding surfaces are constructed and in order to guarantee the convergence to zero of each sliding surface, a new control strategy is proposed. By using theoretical analysis, the SSMC is proved to let all states converge asymptotically to zero. Simulation results applied on a double inverted pendulum on cart show the validity of the proposed method.
Zonotopic extended Kalman filter and fault detection of discrete-time nonlinear systems applied to a quadrotor helicopter

This paper presents the extension of the zonotopic Kalman filter of linear systems to nonlinear systems subject to unknown-but-bounded system disturbances and Gaussian white noises known as zonotopic extended Kalman filter (ZEKF). Due to the computational simplicity of zonotopes, the uncertain system states are bounded into a zonotopic set. The system consistency test with the system measurements is completed without using the intersection between two sets but following the extended Kalman filtering procedure that requires to find the optimal observer gain. A fault detection method based on the ZEKF algorithm is also introduced. Finally, the proposed ZEKF algorithm is applied to the quadrotor helicopter under an on-line closed-loop simulation scheme and the simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and fault detection method.
The relationship between lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase production capacities and cultivation periods of mushrooms

Mushrooms are able to secrete lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP), and able to use the cellulose as sources of carbon. This article focuses on the relation between peroxidase‐secreting capacity and cultivation period of mushrooms with non‐laccase activity. Methylene blue and methyl catechol qualitative assay and spectrophotometry quantitative assay show LiP secreting unvaryingly accompanies the MnP secreting in mushroom strains. The growth rates of hyphae are detected by detecting the dry hyphal mass. We link the peroxidase activities to growth rate of mushrooms and then probe into the relationship between them. The results show that there are close relationships between LiP‐ and/or MnP‐secretory capacities and the cultivation periods of mushrooms. The strains with high LiP and MnP activities have short cultivation periods. However, those strains have long cultivation periods because of the low levels of secreted LiP and/or MnP, even no detectable LiP and/or MnP activity. This study provides the first evidence on the imitate relation between the level of secreted LiP and MnP activities and cultivation periods of mushrooms with non‐laccase activity. Our study has significantly increased the understanding of the role of LiP and MnP in the growth and development of mushrooms with non‐laccase activity.
An adjustable combination of linear regression and modified probabilistic neural network for anti-spam filtering

Email is a commonly used tool for communication which allows rapid and asynchronous communication. The growing popularity and low cost of e-mails have made spamming an extremely serious problem today. Several anti-spam filtering techniques have been developed but most of them suffer from low accuracy and high false alarm rate due to complexity and changing nature of unsolicited messages. This study proposes an innovative classification framework with comparable accuracy, affordable computation and high system robustness. In particular, an effective feature selection scheme is implemented in conjunction with an adjustable combination of linear and nonlinear learning algorithms. Extensive experiments have indicated that the proposed framework compares favorably to other state-of-the-art methods, especially when misclassification cost is high.
A General Framework for Bilateral and Mean Shift Filtering

We present a generalization of the bilateral filter that can be applied to feature-preserving smoothing of signals on images, meshes, and other domains within a single unified framework. Our discretization is competitive with state-of-the-art smoothing techniques in terms of both accuracy and speed, is easy to implement, and has parameters that are straightforward to understand. Unlike previous bilateral filters developed for meshes and other irregular domains, our construction reduces exactly to the image bilateral on rectangular domains and comes with a rigorous foundation in both the smooth and discrete settings. These guarantees allow us to construct unconditionally convergent mean-shift schemes that handle a variety of extremely noisy signals. We also apply our framework to geometric edge-preserving effects like feature enhancement and show how it is related to local histogram techniques.
Centralized Multi-Node Repair Regenerating Codes

In a distributed storage system, recovering from multiple failures is a critical and frequent task that is crucial for maintaining the system’s reliability and fault-tolerance. In this paper, we focus on the problem of repairing multiple failures in a centralized way, which can be desirable in many data storage configurations; furthermore, we show that a significant repair traffic reduction is possible. First, the fundamental trade-off between the repair bandwidth and the storage size for functional repair is established. Using a graph-theoretic formulation, the optimal tradeoff is identified as the solution to an integer optimization problem, for which a closed-form expression is derived. Expressions of the extreme points, namely the minimum storage multi-node repair (MSMR) and minimum bandwidth multi-node repair (MBMR) points, are obtained. Second, we describe a general framework for converting single erasure minimum storage regenerating codes to MSMR codes. The repair strategy for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$e$ </tex-math></inline-formula> failures is similar to that for a single failure; however, certain extra requirements need to be satisfied by the repairing functions for a single failure. For illustration, the framework is applied to product-matrix codes and interference alignment codes. Furthermore, we prove that the functional MBMR point is not achievable for linear exact-repair codes. We also show that the exact-repair minimum bandwidth cooperative repair codes achieve an interior point, that lies near the MBMR point, when <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k \equiv 1 \mod e$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula> being the minimum number of nodes needed to reconstruct the entire data. Finally, for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k> 2e, e\mid k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$e \mid d$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the number of helper nodes during repair, we show that the functional repair trade-off is not achievable under exact repair, except for maybe a small portion near the MSMR point, which parallels the results for single-erasure repair by Shah <italic>et al.</italic>
Altered Cytokine Production and Impaired Antimycobacterial Immunity in Protein-Malnourished Guinea Pigs

ABSTRACT Protein malnutrition leads to multiple detrimental alterations of host immune responses to mycobacterial infection. In this study, we demonstrated that splenocytes from low-protein (LP) guinea pigs vaccinated 6 weeks previously with attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra failed to control the accumulation of virulentM. tuberculosis H37Rv in cocultured autologous peritoneal macrophages, despite the fact that they were able to control the accumulation of virulent tubercle bacilli in cocultured syngeneic peritoneal macrophages from normally nourished guinea pigs as successfully as did those from high-protein (HP) counterparts. Vaccine-induced growth control of virulent M. tuberculosisH37Rv in these cocultures appeared to be mediated by CD4 lymphocytes but not CD8 cells. Tuberculin (purified protein derivative [PPD])-induced lymphoproliferation was markedly impaired in vaccinated LP guinea pigs, and the depletion of CD4 lymphocytes significantly decreased lymphocyte proliferation whereas CD8 cell depletion did not. Protein malnutrition also impaired the abilities of cells from vaccinated LP guinea pigs to produce cytokines, including interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), in response to PPD, despite the demonstration of higher serum levels of TNF-α and TGF-β after an intravenous injection of PPD into LP guinea pigs. In contrast, peritoneal macrophages from protein-malnourished guinea pigs produced a higher level of TGF-β 4 days after infection in vitro with M. tuberculosis H37Rv than did those from protein adequate controls. These results suggest that dietary protein malnutrition impairs vaccine-induced resistance to M. tuberculosis, in part, by altering the cytokine profile to favor macrophage deactivation.