Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
prospective randomized controlled study of erythromycin on gastric nd small intestinal distention : Implications for MR enterography

Objectives: To assess if erythromycin increases gastric emptying and hence improves small intestinal distention during MR enterography. Methods: Gastric, small intestinal, and large intestinal volumes were assessed with MR after neutral oral contrast (1350 ml in 45 min) and balanced randomization to erythromycin (200 mg i.v., age 31 ± 3y, 13 females), or placebo (37 ± 3y, 13 females) in 40 healthy asymptomatic volunteers. Fat-suppressed T2-weighted MR images of the abdomen were acquired on a 1.5 T magnet at standard delay times for enterography. Gastric, small, and large intestinal volumes were measured by specialized software. In addition, two radiologists manually measured diameters and percentage distention of jejunal and ileal loops. Treatment effects were evaluated by an ITT analysis based on ANCOVA models. Results: All subjects tolerated erythromycin. MRI scans of the stomach and intestine were obtained at 62 ± 2 (mean ± SEM) and 74 ± 2 min respectively after starting oral contrast. Gastric volumes were lower (P < 0.0001) after erythromycin (260 ± 49 ml) than placebo (688 ± 63 ml) but jejunal, ileal, and colonic volumes were not significantly different. However, maximum (76–100%) jejunal distention was more frequently observed (P = 0.03) after erythromycin (8/20 subjects [40%]) than placebo (2/20 subjects [10%]). The diameter of a representative ileal loop was greater (P = 0.001) after erythromycin (18.8 ± 4.3 mm) than placebo (17.3 ± 2.8 mm) infusion. Conclusions: After ingestion of oral contrast, erythromycin accelerated gastric emptying but effects on small intestinal dimensions were variable. In balance, erythromycin did not substantially enhance small intestinal distention during enterography using current standard delay times. © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Clinical trials.gov: NCT01379183. ∗ Corresponding author. Tel. : +1 507 284 2687. E-mail addresses: bharucha.adil@mayo.edu (A.E. Bharucha), dler.jeff@mayo.edu (J.L. Fidler), huprich@mayo.edu (J.E. Huprich), atuapli.shiva@mayo.edu (S.K. Ratuapli), holmes.david3@mayo.edu (D.R. Holmes), iederer@mayo.edu (S.J. Riederer), zinsmeis@mayo.edu (A.R. Zinsmeister). 1 Tel. : +1 507 284 3207. 2 Tel. : +1 507 284 2691. 3 Present address: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, cottsdale, AZ, United States. Tel. : +1 480 301 6990. 4 Tel. : +1 507 266 4250. 5 Tel. : +1 507 284 9770. 6 Tel. : +1 507 284 4156. ttp://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.ejrad. 2014.08. 005 720-048X/© 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Nowhere to hide: Radio-faint AGN in the GOODS-N field

Context. Obtaining a census of active galactic nuclei (AGN) activity across cosmic time is critical to our understanding of galaxy evolution and formation. Many AGN classification techniques are compromised by dust obscuration. However, very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) can be used to identify high brightness temperature compact radio emission (> 105 K) in distant galaxies that can only be reliably attributed to AGN activity. Aims. We present the second in a series of papers dealing with the compact radio population in the GOODS-N field. This paper reviews the various multi-wavelength data and AGN classification techniques in the context of a VLBI-detected sample and use these to investigate the nature of the AGN as well as their host galaxies. Methods. Multi-wavelength data from radio to X-ray were compiled for the GOODS-N AGN sample, and fourteen widely used multi-wavelength AGN classification schemes were tested. We discuss and compare the various biases that affect multi-wavelength and VLBI selection. We use the physical interpretation to imply the nature of VLBI-selected AGN and their hosts. Results. Firstly, we find that no single identification technique can identify all VLBI objects as AGN. Infrared colour–colour selection is most notably incomplete. However, the usage of multiple classification schemes can identify all VLBI-selected AGN, independently verifying similar approaches used in other deep field surveys. In the era of large area surveys with instruments such as the SKA and ngVLA, multi-wavelength coverage, which relies heavily upon observations from space, is often unavailable. Therefore, VLBI remains an integral component in detecting AGN of the jetted efficient and inefficient accretion types. Secondly, a substantial fraction (46%) of the VLBI AGN have no X-ray counterpart, which is most likely due to lack of sensitivity in the X-ray band. Thirdly, a high fraction of the VLBI AGN reside in low or intermediate redshift dust-poor early-type galaxies. These most likely exhibit inefficient accretion. Fourthly, A significant fraction of the VLBI AGN reside in symbiotic dusty starburst – AGN systems. Finally, in the appendix, we present an extensive compilation of the multi-wavelength properties of all the VLBI AGN in GOODS-N.
RESEARCH ON KARST ECOLOGICAL FRAGILITY

As a fragile ecosystem,ecological environment in the Karst region is associated not only with its special hydrologic and geohydrologic features but also with anthropogenic activities unreasonable,which causes diversity of ecosystem to tend to simplification,and makes soil continuously erosion and desertification.Accordingly,ecosystem gets into a vicious circle of environment ecological fragility-poverty.Therefore,the aim of the research on fragility of ecosystem in the karst region has important practical significance in renewing and reestablishing ecosystem.In this paper fragibility of ecosystem is studied by analyzing each ecological factors.
Dye-sensitized solar cells.

Dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is the only solar cell that can offer both the flexibility and transparency. Its efficiency is comparable to amorphous silicon solar cells but with a much lower cost. This review not only covers the fundamentals of DSSC but also the related cutting-edge research and its development for industrial applications. Most recent research topics on DSSC, for example, applications of nanostructured TiO2, ZnO electrodes, ionic liquid electrolytes, carbon nanotubes, graphene and solid state DSSC have all been included and discussed.
Development and validation of an automated microfluidic perfusion platform for parallelized screening of compounds in vitro

Monoamine transporters are of great interest for their role in the physiological activity of the body and their link to mental and behavioural disorders. Currently, static well‐plate assays or manual perfusion systems are used to characterize the interaction of psychostimulants, antidepressants and drugs of abuse with the transporters but still suffer from significant drawbacks caused by lack of automation, for example, low reproducibility, non‐comparability of results. An automated microfluidic platform was developed to address the need for more standardized procedures for cell‐based assays. An automated system was used to control and drive the simultaneous perfusion of 12 channels on a microfluidic chip, establishing a more standardized protocol to perform release assays to study monoamine transporter‐mediated substrate efflux. D‐Amphetamine, GBR12909 (norepinephrine transporter) and p‐chloroamphetamine, paroxetine (serotonin transporter) were used as control compounds to validate the system. The platform was able to produce the expected releasing (D‐Amphetamine, p‐chloroamphetamine) or inhibiting (GBR12909, paroxetine) profiles for the two transporters. The reduction of manual operation and introduction of automated flow control enabled the implementation of stronger standardized protocols and the possibility of obtaining higher throughput by increasing parallelization.
Development of a Comprehensive Electricity Generation Simulation Model Using a Mixed Integer Programming Approach

simulation model taking into account electrical network constraints, applied on the Belgian power system. The base of the model is optimizing an extensive Unit Commitment (UC) problem through the use of Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP). Electrical constraints are incorporated through the implementation of a DC load flow. The model encloses the Belgian power system in a 220 – 380 kV high voltage network (i.e., 93 power plants and 106 nodes). The model features the use of pumping storage facilities as well as the inclusion of spinning reserves in a single optimization process. Solution times of the model stay below reasonable values. A. Unit Commitment HIS paper will introduce and illustrate the development of a simulation model, applied on the Belgian electricity generation system. The model has the characteristics of an advanced Unit Commitment (UC) model with the inclusion of electric network constraints. UC optimization is the determination of the activation of power plants, in order to meet a certain demand for electricity at lowest cost. Amongst the most well described methods to solve UC problems, we find priority listing, Lagrangian relaxation, dynamic programming, mixed integer programming, genetic algorithms etc. For an overview of methods to solve UC problems, we refer to [1]. In the work presented here, a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is developed. UC models are currently used by several ISO's to perform the day ahead scheduling of the power plants in their system. These optimizations can be referred to as 'security constraint' UC [2]. A single player performs the UC for an overall system. An example is the PJM market, where recently a MILP model has been put into use to perform the UC optimization [3]. On the other hand, when a single player is responsible for its own UC, this player will try to maximize its profit. The UC he performs is often called a 'price-based' UC [2]. B. Mixed Integer Linear Programming The MILP approach has been chosen because of the recently improved capabilities of commercial solvers and increasing computational force of modern computers [4]. The MILP approach makes the model very readable and easily adaptable. Furthermore, when the UC problem is written as a MILP, it is possible to include network constraints (DC load flow) in the overall problem formulation. A MILP problem is a Linear Programming (LP) problem, in which some of the variables can be limited to integer values, or, …
Robot Task-Level Programming Language and Simulation

application for Off-line robot task programming and simulation. Such application is designed to assist in robot task planning and to direct manipulator motion on sensor based programmed motion. The concept of the designed programming application is to use the power of the knowledge base for task accumulation. In support of the programming means, an interactive graphical simulation for manipulator kinematics was also developed and integrated into the application as the complimentary factor to the robot programming media. The simulation provides the designer with useful, inexpensive, off-line tools for retain and testing robotics work cells and automated assembly lines for various industrial applications.
Effective hydraulic conductivities of transient unsaturated flow in stratified soils

The effective hydraulic conductivities of transient unsaturated flow in stratified soils are evaluated using a three-dimensional stochastic approach. Because of the disparity of the correlation scales in a stratified soil, the general stochastic equations are simplified, and this allows analytical evaluation and derivation of generic expressions for the effective hydraulic conductivities. Simple asymptotic expressions, valid at particular ranges of the soil property and the mean flow characteristics, are also derived. Several examples illustrating the results using data from two real soils are also presented. It was found that the effective hydraulic conductivities show significant hysteresis and are anisotropic with a degree of anisotropy depending on the mean flow conditions (wetting or drying). Such hysteresis and anisotropy are produced by the spatial variability of the hydraulic soil properties rather than hysteresis or anisotropy of the local parameters. A physical interpretation of the results is given along with a qualitative comparison with field observations. The ramifications of this study need to be further investigated and be considered in field applications such as waste disposal control.
Registered Report: Generating Test Suites for GPU Instruction Sets through Mutation and Equivalence Checking

—Formal semantics for instruction sets can be used to validate implementations through formal veriﬁcation. However, testing is often the only feasible method when checking an artifact such as a hardware processor, a simulator, or a compiler. In this work, we construct a pipeline that can be used to automatically generate a test suite for an instruction set from its executable semantics. Our method mutates the formal semantics, expressed as a C program, to introduce bugs in the semantics. Using a bounded model checker, we then check the mutated semantics to the original for equivalence. Since the mutated and original semantics are usually not equivalent, this yields counterexamples which can be used to construct a test suite. By combining a mutation testing engine with a bounded model checker, we obtain a fully automatic method for constructing test suites for a given formal semantics. We intend to instantiate this on a formal semantics of a portion of NVIDIA’s PTX instruction set for GPUs that we have developed. We will compare to our existing method of testing that uses stratiﬁed random sampling and evaluate effectiveness, cost, and feasibility.
Winter is coming: Interactions of multiple stressors in winter and implications for the natural world

Winter is a key driver of ecological processes in freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, particularly in higher latitudes. Species have evolved various adaptive strategies to cope with food limitations and the cold and dark wintertime. However, human‐induced climate change and other anthropogenic stressors are impacting organisms in winter in unpredictable ways. In this paper, we show that global change experiments investigating multiple stressors have predominantly been conducted during summer months. However, effects of anthropogenic stressors sometimes differ between winter and other seasons, necessitating comprehensive investigations. Here, we outline a framework for understanding the different effects of anthropogenic stressors in winter compared to other seasons and discuss the primary mechanisms that will alter ecological responses of organisms (microbes, animals and plants). For instance, while the magnitude of some anthropogenic stressors can be greater in winter than in other seasons (e.g. some pollutants), others may alleviate natural winter stress (e.g. warmer temperatures). These changes can have immediate, delayed or carry‐over effects on organisms during winter or later seasons. Interactions between stressors may also vary with season. We call for a renewed research direction focusing on multiple stressor effects on winter ecology and evolution to fully understand, and predict, how ecosystems will fare under changing winters. We also argue the importance of incorporating the interactions of anthropogenic stressors with winter into ecological risk assessments, management and conservation efforts.
Airborne measurements of gases and particles from an Alaskan wildfire

Airborne measurements of several gaseous and particulate chemical species were obtained in the emissions from a wildfire that burned in an old black spruce forest in Alaska during the summer of 1990. The relative proportions of most of the measured plume constituents are consistent with ground-based and airborne measurements in the plumes of several other biomass fires, and with laboratory measurements. Possible exceptions include the mean fine-particle emission factor, which was about 3 times larger than predicted from a regression relation based on measurements of the smoke from several prescribed biomass fires, and the mean CH4/CO molar emission ratio which was at the low end of a range of values measured for other biomass fires. Measurements of water-soluble particulate ions in the smoke plume from the Alaskan wildfire indicate that acids formed from the oxides of sulphur and nitrogen were partially neutralized inside cloud droplets by NH3 absorbed from the plume.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Health related quality of life of Dutch children : psychometric properties of the PedsQL in the

Background: Knowledge about psychometric properties of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) in the Netherlands is limited and Dutch reference data are lacking. Aim of the current study is to collect Dutch reference data of the PedsQL and subsequently assess reliability, sociodemographic within-group differences and construct validity. Methods: In this study the PedsQL was administered to Dutch children aged 5 to 18 years. A socio-demographic questionnaire was completed as well. The sample consisted of three age groups: 5-7 years (parent proxy report), 8-12 years and 13-18 years (child self report). Analysis was performed with SPSS 16.0. 2. A reliability analysis was done using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Socio-demographic within-group differences were assessed by means of an ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni correction and t-tests. Subsequently, construct validity was determined by t-tests and effect sizes. Results: For 496 children PedsQL reference data were collected. PedsQL total scores were 84.18 (group 5-7), 82.11 (group 8-12) and 82.24 (group 13-18). Internal consistency coefficients ranged from . 53 to . 85. Socio-demographic within-group differences demonstrated that, in group 8-12, children of parents born in the Netherlands had significantly lower scores on several PedsQL subscales, compared to children of parents born in another country. With respect to construct validity, healthy children of group 5-7 and 13-18 scored significantly higher than children with a chronic health condition on all subscales, except for emotional functioning. In group 5-7, the PedsQL total score for healthy children was 85.31, whereas the same age group with a chronic health condition scored 78.80. Effect sizes in this group varied from 0.58 to 0.88. With respect to group 13-18, healthy children obtained a PedsQL total score of 83.14 and children suffering from a chronic health condition 77.09. Effect sizes in this group varied from 0.45 to 0.67. No significant differences were found in group 8-12 regarding health. Conclusion: The Dutch version of the PedsQL has adequate psychometric properties and can be used as a health related quality of life instrument in paediatric research in the Netherlands. Published: 3 November 2009 BMC Pediatrics 2009, 9:68 doi:10.1186/1471-2431-9-68 Received: 8 January 2009 Accepted: 3 November 2009 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral. com/1471-2431/9/68 © 2009 Engelen et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. BMC Pediatrics 2009, 9:68 http://www.biomedcentral. com/1471-2431/9/68
Inequality , Leverage and Crises

The paper studies how high leverage and crises can arise as a result of changes in the income distribution. Empirically, the periods 1920-1929 and 1983-2007 both exhibited a large increase in the income share of the rich, a large increase in leverage for the remainder, and an eventual financial and real crisis. The paper presents a theoretical model where these features arise endogenously as a result of a shift in bargaining powers over incomes. A reduction in income inequality, through an increase in the bargaining power of the lower income group or through other redistributional policies, can lead to a sustained reduction in crisis risk. JEL Classifcation Numbers: E21,E25,E44,G01,J31
A New Polyphase Sequence With Perfect Even and Good Odd Cross-Correlation Functions for

In this paper, a class of polyphase signature sequences for direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS/CDMA) sys- tems is proposed. The proposed class has zero periodic ( even) cross-correlation (CC) function and approximate maximum mag- nitude of odd cross-correlation (OCC), where is the length of sequences. Although the maximum magnitude is relatively large, it is observed that the maximum magnitude has little effect on the performance of the DS/CDMA system, since its frequency is very low. The performance of the proposed sequence in DS/CDMA sys- tems is investigated and shown to be better than that of other se- quences for asynchronous additive white Gaussian noise channel environment with and without Rayleigh multipath fading. Index Terms—Correlation, direct-sequence code-division mul- tiple access (DS/CDMA), odd correlation, polyphase, signature se- quence.
Algorithm of Locating and Tracking of Human Hands Based on Complexion Detection and Background Difference

Aiming at the disadvantage of existing moving target detection algorithm in real-time and accuracy,an improved positioning and tracking algorithm is proposed.The basic idea of the algorithm is the combination of complexion detection and background difference algorithm.This algorithm inherits the advantage of complexion detection algorithm in environmental adaptability and background difference algorithm in efficiency and stability.It has good adaptability for the complicated background and also high detection efficiency,which ensures real-time detection.Experiments show that compared with the original algorithm,this identification method improves the speed and accuracy of recognition,reduces false recognition rate.
Changes in Turfgrass Leaf Chlorophyll Content and Some Soil Characteristics as Influenced by Irrigation Treatments

In plants, less water causes photosynthesis reduction whereas excessive water reduces the soil nutrients. These effects induce stunted plant growth. The aim of this work was to study the changes in leaf chlorophyll content and some soil characteristics of the native common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) as influenced by irrigation treat- ments. Two experiments, open bottom 4 x 1 m concrete blocks and closed bottom pots were set up during the dry season from January to May 2011 at the Horticultural Section, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University. The experimental designs were randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 daily irrigation levels; 0.50 evaporation pan (0.50Epan), 0.75Epan, 1.00Epan (control) and 1.25Epan. The results showed that 1.25Epan irri- gation in open bottom concrete blocks significantly increased leaching of essential soil nu- trients and decreased leaf chlorophyll content. The 0.50Epan irrigation treatment in pot ex- periment which was meant to resemble drought conditions had the lowest values in leaf chlorophyll content for the first two months. However, there were no differences in leaf chlorophyll content in all the treatments for the last two months. Moreover, the soil nutri- ents in all the treatments were not leached out in the closed bottom pot experiment. There- fore, the optimum watering amount should be taken into consideration.