Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correction: Population Explosion in the Yellow-Spined Bamboo Locust Ceracris kiangsu and Inferences for the Impact of Human Activity

Geographic distance and geographical barriers likely play a considerable role in structuring genetic variation in species, although some migratory species may have less phylogeographic structure on a smaller spatial scale. Here, genetic diversity and the phylogenetic structure among geographical populations of the yellow-spined bamboo locust, Ceracris kiangsu, were examined with 16S rDNA and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). In this study, no conspicuous phylogeographical structure was discovered from either Maximum parsimony (MP) and Neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic analyses. The effect of geographical isolation was not conspicuous on a large spatial scale.At smaller spatial scales local diversity of some populations within mountainous areas were detected using Nei’s genetic distance and AMOVA. There is a high level of genetic diversity and a low genetic differentiation among populations in the C. kiangsu of South and Southeast China. Our analyses indicate that C. kiangsu is a monophyletic group. Our results also support the hypothesis that the C. kiangsu population is in a primary differentiation stage. Given the mismatch distribution, it is likely that a population expansion in C. kiangsu occurred about 0.242 Ma during the Quaternary interglaciation. Based on historical reports, we conjecture that human activities had significant impacts on the C. kiangsu gene flow. Citation: Fan Z, Jiang G-F, Liu Y-X, He Q-X, Blanchard B (2014) Population Explosion in the Yellow-Spined Bamboo Locust Ceracris kiangsu and Inferences for the Impact of Human Activity. PLoS ONE 9(3): e89873. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0089873 Editor: David Caramelli, University of Florence, Italy Received September 27, 2013; Accepted January 27, 2014; Published March 6, 2014 Copyright: 2014 Fan et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Nos. 30670257, 30970339, http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/) to Guo-Fang Jiang, Nanjing Normal University Innovative Team Project (No. 0319PM0902), and A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: cnjgf1208@163.com
Localizer: A Modeling Language for Local Search

Local search is a traditional technique to solve combinatorial search problems and has raised much interest in recent years. The design and implementation of local search algorithms is not an easy task in general and may require considerable experimentation and programming effort. However, contrary to global search, little support is available to assist the design and implementation of local search algorithms. This paper is an attempt to support the implementation of local search. It presents the preliminary design of LOCALIZER, a modeling language which makes it possible to express local search algorithms in a notation close to their informal descriptions in scientific papers. Experimental results on our first implementation show the feasibility of the approach.
Attracting Child Psychiatrists to a Televideo Consultation Service: The TeleLink Experience

Objective. Identify aspects of psychiatry work that are rewarding, as well as those that are challenging, from the perspective of psychiatrists and residents participating in televideo consultation services. Method. A web-based survey was distributed to psychiatrists within the Division of Child Psychiatry at the University of Toronto. Also, semistructured interviews were conducted with six child psychiatrists providing services to a telepsychiatry program. Finally, a focus group interview was held with four psychiatry residents. Results. Child psychiatrists are very comfortable conducting assessments via televideo. Factors identified as being important in the decision to participate in telepsychiatry include assisting underserved communities, supportive administrative staff, enhanced rural provider capacity, financial incentives, and convenience. The study's qualitative phase identified four themes in the decision to participate in telepsychiatry: (1) organizational, (2) shared values, (3) innovation, and (4) the consultation model. Conclusion. The success of televideo consultation programs in attracting child psychiatrists to provide consultation services to underresourced communities makes an important contribution to psychiatric workforce shortages. Understanding what aspects of telepsychiatry are most appreciated by consulting psychiatrists and residents offers useful strategies to telepsychiatry administrators and medical school educators seeking to attract, train, and retain psychiatry practitioners.
Bandwidth estimation of rate adaption algorithm in DASH

Nowadays, adaptive streaming is quite popular and is expected to develop at a high rate of speed. Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) is a new 3GPP and MPEG standard for adaptive steaming over HTTP which is currently being extensively accepted in the industry. DASH requests best quality of media under available bandwidth with adaptive algorithm which is implemented in clients. To obtain the appropriate quality of media, an accurate estimate of the bandwidth is needed. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm to estimate the bandwidth even more accurately. This bandwidth estimation algorithm involves bandwidth detective method and bandwidth computing method. Outliers within a short term, slight fluctuations and persistent variations can be distinguished through our proposed bandwidth detective method. Hereafter, we compute the estimated bandwidth in different methods based on the result of bandwidth detection. We build a DASH platform and compare our proposed algorithm to the VLC adaptive algorithm. According to the results, it is demonstrated that our algorithm possesses more accurate bandwidth estimation and higher buffer level. Our proposed algorithm is sensitive to persistent variations and robust to slight fluctuations.
Meta‐analysis of 16 studies of the association of alcohol with colorectal cancer

Alcohol consumption is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, while studies have consistently reported elevated risk of CRC among heavy drinkers, associations at moderate levels of alcohol consumption are less clear. We conducted a combined analysis of 16 studies of CRC to examine the shape of the alcohol–CRC association, investigate potential effect modifiers of the association, and examine differential effects of alcohol consumption by cancer anatomic site and stage. We collected information on alcohol consumption for 14,276 CRC cases and 15,802 controls from 5 case‐control and 11 nested case‐control studies of CRC. We compared adjusted logistic regression models with linear and restricted cubic splines to select a model that best fit the association between alcohol consumption and CRC. Study‐specific results were pooled using fixed‐effects meta‐analysis. Compared to non‐/occasional drinking (≤1 g/day), light/moderate drinking (up to 2 drinks/day) was associated with a decreased risk of CRC (odds ratio [OR]: 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88–0.98, p = 0.005), heavy drinking (2–3 drinks/day) was not significantly associated with CRC risk (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.99–1.24, p = 0.08) and very heavy drinking (more than 3 drinks/day) was associated with a significant increased risk (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.11–1.40, p < 0.001). We observed no evidence of interactions with lifestyle risk factors or of differences by cancer site or stage. These results provide further evidence that there is a J‐shaped association between alcohol consumption and CRC risk. This overall pattern was not significantly modified by other CRC risk factors and there was no effect heterogeneity by tumor site or stage.
Dural arteriovenous fistula discovered in patient presenting with recent head trauma

Patient Male, 32 Final Diagnosis: Dural arterio-venous fistula Symptoms: Eye redness • post-trauma headache • tinnitus Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Fistula embolization Specialty: Neurology Objective: Mistake in diagnosis Background: A dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF), is an abnormal direct connection (fistula) between a meningeal artery and a meningeal vein or dural venous sinus. The pathogenesis of DAVF still remains unclear. Sinus thrombosis, head trauma, chronic central nervous system, hypercoagulable state, surgery, and hormonal influence are the pre-disposing factors that initiate this disease. The symptoms experienced by the patient will depend on the location of the fistula. Case Report: Thirty-two year old Hispanic male who presented one day after a rear ended motor vehicle collision (MVC) with a severe throbbing headache in the left parietal region, left eye redness but no retro-orbital pain and tinnitus in the left ear. He was initially misdiagnosed to have a carotid-cavernous fistula but upon cerebral angiogram was actually diagnosed with a dural arterio-venous fistula in the posterior fossa venous system followed by successful embolization of the fistula. Conclusions: A cerebral angiography is the gold standard for detection and characterization of a DAVF and will distinguish it from a CCF. Endovascular surgery involves a catheter-based technique for embolization of the lumen of arteries feeding the DAVF, or directly into the vein draining the DAVF. It is very important to recognize the typical findings of patients presenting with a DAVF then quickly proceeding with a cerebral angiogram to determine the exact location of the fistula and the appropriate treatment plan. By diagnosing and treating a DAVF as early as possible, the associated fatal complications can be averted.
Dynamic cluster formation determines viscosity and diffusion in dense protein solutions

Significance For living cells to function, proteins must efficiently navigate the densely packed cytosol. Protein diffusion is slowed down by high viscosity and can come to a complete halt because of nonspecific binding and aggregation. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we develop a detailed description of protein diffusion in concentrated protein solution. We confirm that soluble proteins in concentrated solutions diffuse not as isolated particles, but as members of transient clusters between which they constantly exchange. Nonspecific protein binding and the formation of dynamic clusters nearly quantitatively account for the high viscosity and slow diffusivity in concentrated protein solutions, consistent with the Stokes–Einstein relations. We develop a detailed description of protein translational and rotational diffusion in concentrated solution on the basis of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations in explicit solvent. Our systems contain up to 540 fully flexible proteins with 3.6 million atoms. In concentrated protein solutions (100 mg/mL and higher), the proteins ubiquitin and lysozyme, as well as the protein domains third IgG-binding domain of protein G and villin headpiece, diffuse not as isolated particles, but as members of transient clusters between which they constantly exchange. A dynamic cluster model nearly quantitatively explains the increase in viscosity and the decrease in protein diffusivity with protein volume fraction, which both exceed the predictions from widely used colloid models. The Stokes–Einstein relations for translational and rotational diffusion remain valid, but the effective hydrodynamic radius grows linearly with protein volume fraction. This increase follows the observed increase in cluster size and explains the more dramatic slowdown of protein rotation compared with translation. Baxter’s sticky-sphere model of colloidal suspensions captures the concentration dependence of cluster size, viscosity, and rotational and translational diffusion. The consistency between simulations and experiments for a diverse set of soluble globular proteins indicates that the cluster model applies broadly to concentrated protein solutions, with equilibrium dissociation constants for nonspecific protein–protein binding in the Kd ≈ 10-mM regime.
Toe Graphaesthesia Deficits Following TBI: An Indicator of Dysfunction within the Medial Prefrontal Surface of the Human Cerebrum

Background: Discerning dysfunction or damage by classic neuropsychological tests within the anterior medial surfaces of the cerebrum and the tissue influenced by the distributions of the Anterior Cerebral Artery following Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) has been ambiguous. Toe graphaesthesia (TG) has been shown to be associated with increased perfusion rates as measured by Single Positron Emission Computerized Tomography (SPECT) within the medial prefrontal region. The utility of TG to discern impairment was investigated. Methods: A total of 25 patients who has sustained TBI secondary to motor vehicle incidents and who were referred for a full neuropsychological assessment to discern level of function were administered the TG while 19 quantitative electroencephalographic (QEEG) measurements were recorded. Results: Toe graphaesthesia scores were significantly impaired (z scores>-2.0) for patients whose Neuropsychological Impairment Indices were greater than 0.3 for the Halstead-Reitan Index. The only QEEG variable that correlated with the TG error rate was lower power for high beta activity over the central channels. Conclusions: Standardized scores for toe graphaesthesia, which requires about ten minutes to administer, is a valid indicator of the functional integrity of the medial prefrontal region and has now been validated by QEEG and SPECT measurements.
Secure and Privacy-Preserving Data Aggregation Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

This chapter discusses the need of security and privacy protection mechanisms in aggregation protocols used in wireless sensor networks (WSN). It presents a comprehensive state of the art discussion on the various privacy protection mechanisms used in WSNs and particularly focuses on the CPDA protocols proposed by He et al. (INFOCOM 2007). It identifies a security vulnerability in the CPDA protocol and proposes a mechanism to plug that vulnerability. To demonstrate the need of security in aggregation process, the chapter further presents various threats in WSN aggregation mechanisms. A large number of existing protocols for secure aggregation in WSN are discussed briefly and a protocol is proposed for secure aggregation which can detect false data injected by malicious nodes in a WSN. The performance of the protocol is also presented. The chapter concludes while highlighting some future directions of research in secure data aggregation in WSNs.
Skid steering based autonomous driving of Robotic Vehicle with Articulated Suspension

This paper describes an autonomous driving control algorithm based on skid steering for Robotic Vehicle with Articulated Suspension (RVAS). The driving control algorithm consists of four parts; speed controller for following a desired speed, trajectory tracking controller which computes a yaw moment input to track a desired trajectory, longitudinal tire force distribution which determines an optimal desired longitudinal tire force and wheel torque controller which determines a wheel torque command at each wheel to keep slip ratio at each wheel below a limit value as well as track the desired tire force. Longitudinal and vertical tire force estimators are designed for optimal tire force distribution and wheel slip control. The dynamic model of RVAS for simulation study is validated using vehicle test data. It is found from simulation and test results that the proposed driving controller produces satisfactory trajectory tracking performance.
Gene transfer of HSP72 protects cornu ammonis 1 region of the hippocampus neurons from global ischemia: Influence of Bcl‐2

We investigated whether HSV gene transfer of HSP72 in vivo and in vitro: (1) protected cornu ammonis 1 region of the hippocampus neurons from global cerebral ischemia; and (2) affected Bcl‐2 expression. HSV vectors expressing HSP72 and β‐galactosidase (reporter) or β‐galactosidase only (control vector) were injected into cornu ammonis 1 region of the hippocampus 15 hours before induction of global cerebral ischemia (n = 10) and sham‐operated rats (n = 8). HSP72 vector–treated rats displayed significantly more surviving transfected neurons (X‐gal‐positive, 31 ± 8) compared with control vector–treated rats (10 ± 4) after global cerebral ischemia. Sham‐operated rats displayed similar numbers of X‐gal–positive neurons (HSP72 vector 18 ± 8 vs control vector 20 ± 7). The percentage of β‐galactosidase and Bcl‐2 coexpressing neurons in HSP72‐treated rats after global cerebral ischemia (84 ± 4%) was greater than that in control vector–treated rats (58 ± 9%). The percentage of β‐galactosidase and Bcl‐2 coexpressing neurons in sham‐operated rats was similar in HSP72 (93 ± 7%) and in control vector–treated rats (88 ± 12%). HSP72 vector transfection led to 12 times as much Bcl‐2 expression as the control vector in uninjured hippocampal neuronal cultures. In injured (oxygen‐glucose deprivation) hippocampal neuron cultures, HSP72 vector transfection led to 2.8 times as much Bcl‐2 expression as control vector. We show that HSP72 overexpression protects cornu ammonis 1 region of the hippocampus neurons from global cerebral ischemia, and that this protection may be mediated in part by increased Bcl‐2 expression.
Constrained Query Answering

Traditional answering methods evaluate queries only against positive and definite knowledge expressed by means of facts and deduction rules. They do not make use of negative, disjunctive or existential information. Negative or indefinite knowledge is however often available in knowledge base systems, either as design requirements, or as observed properties. Such knowledge can serve to rule out unproductive subexpressions during query answering. In this article, we propose an approach for constraining any conventional query answering procedure with general, possibly negative or indefinite formulas, so as to discard impossible cases and to avoid redundant evaluations. This approach does not impose additional conditions on the positive and definite knowledge, nor does it assume any particular semantics for negation. It adopts that of the conventional query answering procedure it constrains. This is achieved by relying on meta-interpretation for specifying the constraining process. The soundness, completeness, and termination of the underlying query answering procedure are not compromised. Constrained query answering can be applied for answering queries more efficiently as well as for generating more informative, intensional answers.
Effect of gutta-percha solvents on the bond strength of two resin-based sealers to root canal dentin

Abstract Objective. To evaluate the effect of two gutta percha solvents on the bond strength of two resin-based sealers to root canal dentin. Materials and methods. Root canals of extracted single rooted human mandibular premolars (n = 60) were decoronated and instrumented with a rotary NiTi system to an apical size of 40 and randomly divided into three groups (n = 20) based on the chemical treatment: Group I, saline (control); group II, Xylene and group III, Endosolv E. All groups were divided into two sub-groups (n = 10) based on the root filling material: sub-group A, epoxy resin sealer (AH Plus); sub-group B, methacrylate resin sealer (Epiphany). Roots were then sectioned and push-out tests were performed. The data was analysed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a multiple comparison test (p = 0.05). Results. There was a significant difference in bond strength of both sealers between the control and test groups (p < 0.05). The bond strength of the epoxy resin sealer (sub-group A) in group II was significantly lower than in group III (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between groups II and III for the methacrylate resin sealer (sub-group b) (p > 0.05). Conclusions. Gutta Percha solvents had an adverse effect on bond strengths of resin sealers to root canal dentin. This was dependent on the chemistry of the solvent and the sealer.
Based cascaded conditional random fields model for Chinese Named Entity recognition

This paper presents a new approach of Chinese named entity recognition based on cascaded conditional random fields. In the proposed approach, The model structure has been designed with the cascade way, the result then is passed to the high model and suppose the decision of high model for recognition of the complicated organization names. Person and location were recognized using firstly rule-based and lastly statistical-based, which is different from the previous BIO label recognition approach. But, the organization recognition is recognized using firstly statistical-based and lastly rule-based. Some interesting features have been proposed, the new probabilistic feature is proposed, which are used instead of binary feature functions, however, it is one of the several differences between this model and the most of the previous CRFs-based model. We also explore several new features in our model, which includes confidence functions, position of features etc. We evaluate our approach on large-scale corpus with open test method using Peoplepsilas Daily (January, 1998), The evaluation results show that our approach based on cascaded conditional random fields significantly outperforms previous approaches.
Fast and accurate resource conflict simulation for performance analysis of multi-core systems

This work presents a SystemC-based simulation approach for fast performance analysis of parallel software components, using source code annotated with low-level timing properties. In contrast to other source-level approaches for performance analysis, timing attributes obtained from binary code can be annotated even if compiler optimizations are used without requiring changes in the compiler. To consider concurrent accesses to shared resources like caches accurately during a source-level simulation, an extension of the SystemC TLM-2.0 standard for reducing the necessary synchronization overhead is proposed as well. This enables the simulation of low-level timing effects without performing a full-fledged instruction set simulation and at speeds close to pure native execution.