Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real time self-maintenable data warehouse

Data warehousing is an approach to data integration wherein integrated information is stored in a data warehouse for direct querying and analysis. To provide fast access, a data warehouse stores materialized views of the sources of its data. As a result, a data warehouse needs to be maintained to keep its contents consistent with the contents of its data sources. Incremental maintenance is generally regarded as a more efficient way to maintain materialized views in a data warehouse. In this paper a strategy for the maintenance of data warehouse is presented. It has the following characteristics: it is self-maintainable (weak), incremental, non-blocking (the analysts transactions and the maintenance transaction are executed concurrently) and is performed in real time. The proposed algorithm is implemented for view definition SPJ (Select Project Join) queries and it calculates the aggregate functions: sum, avg, count, min and max. Aggregate functions are calculated like algebraic functions (the new result of the function can be computed using some small, constant size storage that accompanies the existing value of the aggregate). We have named this improved algorithm ∝VNLTR (unlimited ∝V (versions), NL (non-blocking), TR (in real time)).
New York and the Politics of Central Banks, 1781 to the Federal Reserve Act

The paper provides a brief history of central banking institutions in the United States. Specifically, the authors highlight the role of New York banking interests in the legislations affecting the creation or expiration of central banking institutions. In our previous research we have detected that New York City banking entities usually exert substantial influence on legislation, greater than their large proportion of United States’ banking resources. The authors describe how this influence affected the success or failure of central banking movements in the United States, and the authors use this evidence to support their arguments regarding the influence of New York City bankers on the legislative efforts that culminated in the creation of the Federal Reserve System. The paper argues that successful central banking movements in the United States owed much to the influence of New York City banking interests.
Atmospheric Control on the Thermohaline Circulation

Abstract In an attempt to elucidate the role of atmospheric and oceanic processes in setting a vigorous ocean overturning circulation in the North Atlantic but not in the North Pacific, a comparison of the observed atmospheric circulation and net surface freshwater fluxes over the North Atlantic and Pacific basins is conducted. It is proposed that the more erratic meridional displacements of the atmospheric jet stream over the North Atlantic sector is instrumental in maintaining high surface salinities in its subpolar gyre. In addition, it is suggested that the spatial pattern of the net freshwater flux at the sea surface favors higher subpolar Atlantic salinity, because the geographical line separating net precipitation from net evaporation is found well south of the time-mean gyre separation in the North Pacific, whereas the two lines tend to coincide in the North Atlantic. Numerical experiments with an idealized two-gyre system confirm that these differences impact the salinity budget of the subpolar g.
An Approach for Admission Control and Bandwidth Allocation in Mobile Multimedia Network Using Fuzzy Logic

The major objectives of mobile multimedia networks are better bandwidth utilization, mobility, support for real time and non real time content transfer etc., But it has its own limitations with respect to number of calls admitting into the cell structure and allocation of bandwidth without much degradation of QoS. The QoS parameters are Call Dropping Probability (CDP) and Call Blocking Probability (CBP). In mobile cellular network a traffic classifier based on Network load and Mobile Node (MN) precedence are considered here. This paper aims to provide a better solution for Call Admission Control (CAC) using Fuzzy logic concept which improves the Admission Control (AC) of calls by classifying the input under various classes . Also the performance metrics Call Dropping Probability and Call Blocking Probability are considered. From the simulation studies it is observed that soft computing approach using Fuzzy Logic improves Admission Control (AC) and Bandwidth allocation in an effective and efficient way.
The Informing Science Framework: An Assessment and Implications for the Discipline of Information Systems

The discipline of Information systems has established itself as an independent discipline now. However there are criticisms of it being fragmented and there being a lack of pluralistic approaches of inquiry. The Informing Science framework conceptualizes Information Systems as a part of the growing discipline of Informing Science and proposes to draw upon the other disciplines that share the common goal of informing the client. This paper assesses the strengths and weaknesses of this framework. While cautioning against indiscriminate borrowing of concepts from other disciplines, the paper suggests that the principles of General Systems Theory may be quite useful in conceptualizing and enriching Information Systems. It suggests that pluralism should not be considered a sign of disorder. Homogeneity may be desired but it may also be a sign of a closed system whereas heterogeneity is a characteristic of any open, growing system.
Comment on "The black hole final state"

Horowitz and Maldacena have suggested that the unitarity of the black hole S-matrix can be reconciled with Hawking's semiclassical arguments if a final-state boundary condition is imposed at the spacelike singularity inside the black hole. We point out that, in this scenario, departures from unitarity can arise due to interactions between the collapsing body and the infalling Hawking radiation inside the event horizon. The amount of information lost when a black hole evaporates depends on the extent to which these interactions are entangling.
Topical rapamycin suppresses the angiogenesis pathways induced by pulsed dye laser: Molecular mechanisms of inhibition of regeneration and revascularization of photocoagulated cutaneous blood vessels

Pulsed dye laser (PDL) is the most effective treatment for port wine stain (PWS) birthmarks. However, regeneration and revascularization of photocoagulated blood vessels may result in poor therapeutic outcome. We have recently shown that rapamycin (RPM), an angiogenesis inhibitor, can reduce the regeneration and revascularization of photocoagulated blood vessels. Herein, we attempt to further elucidate the molecular pathophysiology on the inhibition of the regeneration and revascularization of photocoagulated blood vessels by topical RPM in an animal model.
Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitors Repress Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) Expression and Proliferation of Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive Natural Killer Cell Lymphoma

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) LMP1 is a major oncoprotein expressed in latent infection. It functions as a TNFR family member and constitutively activates cellular signals, such as NFκB, MAPK, JAK/STAT and AKT. We here screened small molecule inhibitors and isolated HSP90 inhibitors, Radicicol and 17-AAG, as candidates that suppress LMP1 expression and cell proliferation not only in EBV-positive SNK6 Natural Killer (NK) cell lymphoma cells, but also in B and T cells. Tumor formation in immuno-defficient NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2Rγnull (NOG) mice was also retarded. These results suggest that HSP90 inhibitors can be alternative treatments for patients with EBV-positive malignancies.
Burnout, depression and suicidal ideation in dental students

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence, gender influence, and relationships between burnout, depression and suicidal ideation within the last year among second, fourth and fifth-year dental students. Study Design: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 212 dental students enrolled in the second, fourth and fifth years at the School of Dentistry of Seville using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey and the MBI-Human Services Survey, the “Patient Health Questionnaire-2”, and the “Questions about Suicidal Ideation and Attempted Suicide”. Results: The response rate among dental students was 80%. Burnout prevalence in dental students was higher in second and fourth years than in fifth year (p= 0.059 and p= 0.003, respectively). Depression prevalence in the fourth year approached significance (p= 0.051). Prevalence of suicidal ideation within the past year was higher, yet not reaching significance, in fourth year. No gender-related differences were found. A significant association was observed between burnout and depression, and between depression and suicidal ideation (p< 0.001), but no association was found between burnout and suicidal ideation. Conclusions: This study has brought our attention to the high prevalence of burnout and depression, and reported for the first time the prevalence of suicidal ideation among dental students in preclinical and clinical years. Key words:Burnout, depression, suicidal ideation, dental students.
Is the Frequency Content of the Calls in North American Treefrogs Limited by Their Larynges?

A high diversity of mating calls is found among frogs. The calls of most species, however, are simple, in comparison to those of mammals and birds. In order to determine if the mechanics of the larynx could explain the simplicity of treefrog calls, the larynges of euthanized males were activated with airflow. Laryngeal airflow, sound frequency, and sound intensity showed a positive direct relationship with the driving air pressure. While the natural calls of the studied species exhibit minimal frequency modulation, their larynges produced about an octave of frequency modulation in response to varying pulmonary pressure. Natural advertisement calls are produced near the higher extreme of frequency obtained in the laboratory and at a slightly higher intensity (6 dB). Natural calls also exhibit fewer harmonics than artificial ones, because the larynges were activated with the mouth of the animal open. The results revealed that treefrog larynges allow them to produce calls spanning a much greater range of frequencies than observed in nature; therefore, the simplicity of the calls is not due to a limited frequency range of laryngeal output. Low frequencies are produced at low intensities, however, and this could explain why treefrogs concentrate their calling at the high frequencies.
A Scheduling Algorithm for Minimizing the Packet Error Probability in Clusterized TDMA Networks

We consider clustered wireless networks, where transceivers in a cluster use a time-slotted mechanism (TDMA) to access a wireless channel that is shared among several clusters. An approximate expression for the packet-loss probability is derived for networks with one or more mutually interfering clusters in Rayleigh fading environments, and the approximation is shown to be good for relevant scenarios. We then present a scheduling algorithm, based on Lagrangian duality, that exploits the derived packet-loss model in an attempt to minimize the average packet-loss probability in the network. Computer simulations of the proposed scheduling algorithm show that a significant increase in network throughput can be achieved compared to uncoordinated scheduling. Empirical trials also indicate that the proposed optimization algorithm almost always converges to an optimal schedule with a reasonable number of iterations. Thus, the proposed algorithm can also be used for bench-marking suboptimal scheduling algorithms.
An Inference Technique for Integrating Knowledge from Disparate Sources

This paper introduces a formal method for integrating knowledge derived from a variety of sources for use in "perceptual reasoning". The formalism is based on the "evidential proposltlonal calculus", a derivative of Shafer's mathematical theory of evidence [4]. It is more general than either a Boolean or Bayeslan approach, providing for Boolean and Bayeslan inferencing when the appropriate information is available. In this formalism, the likelihood of a proposition A is represented as a subinterval, [s(A), p(A)], of the unit interval, [0, 1]. The evidential support for proposition A is represented by s(A), while p(A) represents its degree of plausibility; p(A) can also be interpreted as the degree to which one fails to doubt A, p(A) being equal to one minus the evidential support for A. This paper describes how evidential information, furnished by a knowledge source in the form of a probability "mass" distribution, can be converted to this interval representation; how, through a set of inference rules for computing intervals of dependent propositions, this Information can be extrapolated from those propositions it directly bears upon, to those it indirectly bears upon; and how multiple bodies of evidential Information can be pooled. A sample application of this approach, modeling the operation of a collection of sensors (a particular type of knowledge source), illustrates these techniques.
ASTRO: A Novel Robotic Tool for Laser Surgery of the Prostate

INTRODUCTION Transurethral laser surgery of the prostate for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is traditionally performed via the resectoscope (Fig. 1), a telescopic straight instrument that allows only translation and rotation along/about its longitudinal axis, thus dramatically limiting dexterity and tactile feedback at the tip. These issues represent a limitation since, in most procedures, the laser tip must be in contact with prostatic tissue [1]. In particular, the closer the contact, the better will be the distribution of laser energy and consequently tissue ablation will be more homogeneous; homogeneous ablation avoids formation of craters that can entrap tissue fragments, debris and perfusion liquid that partially absorb and scatter the incident light thereby hindering laser effect [2]. A number of attempts to achieve force and tactile sensing in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) are reported in literature [3]-[7]. Different actuation strategies for flexible, continuum and snake-like robots for MIS can be found in [8]-[11]. In this paper, we present the design and preliminary evaluation of a novel, miniaturized, flexible robotic tool for laser assisted transurethral surgery of BPH. The aim of the system is to allow a more homogeneous tissue ablation, in order to speed up surgical procedure duration and recovery time. The design includes an optical fiber based tactile sensor system to monitor contact between prostatic tissue and laser, and a cable driven actuation mechanism to steer the tip of the laser. Preliminary study demonstrated the theoretical ability of the system to sense contact forces up to 0.4 mN and to steer the tip in 3D of about ± 10 °.
Network survivability against region failure

Communication networks are now facing more and more potential large scale region threats such as natural disaster and physical attack. Under such region failure scenarios, numerous network elements within a geographically correlated region may be simultaneously destroyed, resulting a dramatical compromise or even breakdown of overall network connectivity. In this paper, we study the network survivability against a random region failure, which is modeled as a circular cut residing on the network. For a network adopting the cost effective multiple path routing mechanism, we examine how the network throughput performance degrades with region failure under the region-disjoint and node-disjoint routing constraints. The corresponding traffic throughput optimization problem and linear programming formulation are also addressed. We further discuss the problem of upgrading network with the minimal cost when the link capacity is not sufficient to protect the network against region failure.
Fluid limit analysis of the FIFO and RR caching for the independent reference model

We study the fluid limit analysis of the random replacement (RR) caching for the independent reference model. Applying the limit theorem for the mean field interaction model, we derive the fluid limit of fault probability in the transient state as well as in the steady state. Since it is known that the stationary fault probability for the RR cache is identical to that for the first-in first-out (FIFO) cache, our result on the stationary fault probability is valid for the FIFO caching. We see that the fluid limit of stationary fault probability, which we obtain, is coincident with the known result by an intuitive approximation; that is, our fluid limit analysis gives a rigorous theoretical foundation to the intuitive approximation.
A Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) to Generate Clinical Documents within a Hospital Information System for E-Healthcare Services

In general, hospital information systems are operated independently of each other. We propose a next-generation hospital information system (HIS) based on the HL7 clinical document architecture (CDA) including also an electronic health record (EHR) and a clinical data repository (CDR) to enable the sharing of medical information among health and medical institutions. We designed an XML schema through which an effective clinical document was generated from the HIS after defining the item regulations and the templates for the release form and radiation interpretation form. The schema was analyzed according to the HL7 reference information model, and HL7 V2.4 was used as the transmission protocol. In addition to proposing a new HIS, we attempted to define the CDA of a release form and create a generation, saving, and control system for the release form based on that definition, the first such undertaking in Korea.
Software Architecture Recovery Contents 1 Software Architecture Recovery 1 2 Architectural Design Recovery Using Data Mining Techniques 17 a Reverse Engineering and System Analysis 33 B Aql Language Design 45 Chapter 1 Software Architecture Recovery 1.1 Introduction

Software architectural recovery encompasses various methods for extracting architectural information from some lower level representations of a software system such as source code. Architectural recovery is a two-phase process namely extraction, and analysis 64]. The existing approaches focus on recovering restricted information about the system based on: rela-tional queries 66, 87], interactions between les 33], visualization of the system's structure, and architectural styles 48, 34]. Despite several attempts for automating the architectural recovery process (i.e., clustering), still few approaches and tools exist 89]. It is rather impossible to deene the architecture of a large system at once, hence, the architectural recovery is a gradual process. Software systems usually consist of common patterns in their design which are the basis for the recovery process. Most recovery processes focus on the structural properties of a system, ignoring other important aspects of a software such as high-level behavioral. Therefore, the architectural recovery problem deals with: devising the necessary methodology and tools for incrementally recovering a system's high-level properties from its lower level representations using domain knowledge and pattern matching. 1.2 Structured query-based software architecture recovery We aim at designing the necessary processes, tools, and methods, that enable us to analyze a large software system in order to recover and document the system's structural and behavioral views. We specially focus on devising methods that allow us for multiple-view user query and approximate pattern matching for the recovery of control and data ow dependencies. Figure 1.1 illustrates the adopted approach of a cooperative architectural recovery environment. A brief description of the recovery process is provided in the caption of the gure.
Development of ZigBee Triaxial Accelerometer Based Human Activity Recognition System

Human activity is an important context in ubiquitous computing. This paper presents the hardware and software design and development of a low-cost, wearable and IEEE 802.15. 4/ZigBee compliant mote with triaxial accelerometer, Acc-Triax for the monitoring of human physical activities and leg postures. Acc-Triax which is placed in trouser pocket does processing, feature extraction and classification of sitting, standing and walking activities. Customized decision tree is programmed inside the module to classify the activities. 99% accuracy was obtained for sitting, standing and walking activities. In addition to these activities, our algorithm recognizes 11 postures of leg in sitting and standing positions. The activities and leg postures are transmitted wirelessly through ZigBee to the PC/basestation. This system can be used in monitoring of people's activities of daily living (ADL) in an indoor environment. Physical ergonomics of the people may also be monitored from the recognized leg postures.
Role of SHP-2 in Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-Mediated Suppression of Myogenesis in C2C12 Myoblasts

ABSTRACT Ligand activation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) represses myogenesis and promotes activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (Erks). The precise mechanism through which the FGFR transmits both of these signals in myoblasts remains unclear. The SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-2, has been shown to participate in the regulation of FGFR signaling. However, no role for SHP-2 in FGFR myogenic signaling is known. In this study, we show that stimulation of C2C12 myoblasts with FGF-2 induces SHP-2 complex formation with tyrosyl-phosphorylated FGFR substrate 2α (FRS-2α). Both the catalytic activity and, to a much lesser extent, the Grb2 binding-tyrosyl phosphorylation sites of SHP-2 are required for maximal FGF-2-induced Erk activity and Elk-1 transactivation. When overexpressed in C2C12 myoblasts, wild-type SHP-2, but not a catalytically inactive SHP-2 mutant, potentiates the suppressive effects of FGF-2 on muscle-specific gene expression. In addition, expression of a constitutively active mutant of SHP-2 is sufficient to prevent myogenesis. The constitutively active mutant of SHP-2 induces hyper-tyrosyl phosphorylation of FRS-2α but fails to stimulate or potentiate either FGF-2-induced Erk activation or Elk-1 transactivation. These data suggest that in myoblasts, SHP-2 represses myogenesis via a pathway that is independent of the Erks. We propose that SHP-2 plays a pivotal role in FGFR signaling in myoblasts via both Erk-dependent and Erk-independent pathways.
TeV Gamma-Ray Observations of the Perseus and Abell 2029 Galaxy Clusters

Galaxy clusters might be sources of TeV gamma rays emitted by high-energy protons and electrons accelerated by large-scale structure formation shocks, galactic winds, or active galactic nuclei. Furthermore, gamma rays may be produced in dark matter particle annihilation processes at the cluster cores. We report on observations of the galaxy clusters Perseus and A2029 using the 10 m Whipple Cerenkov telescope during the 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 observing seasons. We apply a two-dimensional analysis technique to scrutinize the clusters for TeV emission. In this paper we first determine flux upper limits on TeV gamma-ray emission from point sources within the clusters. Second, we derive upper limits on the extended cluster emission. We subsequently compare the flux upper limits with EGRET upper limits at 100 MeV and theoretical models. Assuming that the gamma-ray surface brightness profile mimics that of the thermal X-ray emission and that the spectrum of cluster cosmic rays extends all the way from thermal energies to multi-TeV energies with a differential spectral index of -2.1, our results imply that the cosmic-ray proton energy density is less than 7.9% of the thermal energy density for the Perseus Cluster.