Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of breast milk feeding on early brain development in preterm infants in China: An observational study

Background The prevailing consensus from large epidemiological studies is that breastfeeding is associated with improved IQ and cognitive functioning in later childhood and adolescence. Current research is exploring the association between breastfeeding and early brain development in preterm infants. Objective To explore the differences in brain gray matter between breastmilk-fed and formula-fed preterm infants using structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Methods A convenience sample of breastmilk-fed preterm infants(n = 34) and formula-fed infants (n = 22) aged approximately 32 weeks. At near term-equivalent age, MR scanning was performed. Gray matter structural and functional differences between the two groups were assessed using MATLAB software for voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) analysis. Results Maternal and neonatal demographic characteristics showed no significant difference between the two groups. Breastmilk-fed infants had greater regional gray matter volume on MRI than formula-fed infants in multiple brain regions, including the bilateral frontal lobe (BA11, BA46), right temporal lobe (BA37), and left caudate nucleus, at a statistical threshold of p<0.01 (AlphaSim corrected) with a cluster size of >40 voxels. Compared with formula-fed infants, breastmilk-fed infants showed increased brain activation on fMRI in the right superior temporal gyrus (BA41). Conclusion Breastmilk-fed infants had greater regional gray matter development and increased regional gray matter function compared with formula-fed infants at near term-equivalent age, suggesting breastmilk feeding in the early period after birth may have some degree of influence on early brain development in preterm infants.
Benefits of dance for Parkinson’s: The music, the moves, and the company

Dance classes designed for people with Parkinson’s are very popular and associated not only with increasing individuals’ motor control abilities but also their mood; not least by providing a social network and the enjoyment of the music. However, quantitative evidence of the benefits is inconsistent and often lacks in power. For a better understanding of the contradictory findings between participants’ felt experiences and existing quantitative findings in response to dance classes, we employed a mixed method approach that focussed on the effects of music. Participant experience of the dance class was explored by means of semi-structured interviews and gait changes were measured in a within-subjects design through the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test before and after class, with and without music. We chose the TUG test for its ecological validity, as it is a simple test that resembles movements done in class. We hypothesised that the music and the dance class would have a facilitating effect on the TUG performance. In line with existing research, we found that before class, the gait of 26 participants was significantly improved when accompanied by a soundtrack. However, after class, music did not have a significantly facilitating effect, yet gait without music significantly improved after class compared to before. We suggest that whilst the music acts as an external stimulator for movement before the dance class, after the dance class, participants have an internalised music or rhythm that supports their motor control. Thus, externally played music is of less relevance. The importance of music was further emphasised in the qualitative data alongside social themes. A better understanding of how music and dance affects Parkinson’s symptoms and what aspects make individuals ‘feel better’ will help in the design of future interventions.
Genome Sequence of the Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium Pseudodesulfovibrio portus JCM 14722T

Pseudodesulfovibrio portus JCM 14722T is a strictly anaerobic, mesophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from estuarine sediments in Japan. Its draft genome sequence comprises 1 circular chromosome (3,403,863 bp), harboring 3,182 predicted protein- and 60 tRNA-encoding genes, as well as 2 rRNA operons. ABSTRACT Pseudodesulfovibrio portus JCM 14722T is a strictly anaerobic, mesophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from estuarine sediments in Japan. Its draft genome sequence comprises 1 circular chromosome (3,403,863 bp), harboring 3,182 predicted protein- and 60 tRNA-encoding genes, as well as 2 rRNA operons.
Large-eddy simulation in hydraulics: Quo Vadis?

ABSTRACT The method of large-eddy simulation (LES) is used increasingly to address research and engineering problems of modern hydraulics. LES simulates directly the large-scale motion of the flow and employs a model to account for the effects that small-scale turbulence imposes on large eddies. This paper summarizes recent hydraulic and hydro-environmental research in which LES has been used. It demonstrates a wide range of applicability of the method and highlights some important research contributions that have been made in studies of large-scale turbulence-dominated flows in which LES delivered accurate predictions. Despite its recent successes, LES is not yet considered to be a universal tool in hydraulics; it cannot (yet) simulate certain flows of hydraulic interest, either because of lack of adequate supergrid models to handle utterly complex flow physics or because current computing resources hinder its applicability to real-life flows at realistically high Reynolds numbers. The paper discusses the challenges and opportunities of the LES method in hydraulics that have to be addressed for LES to play a major role in hydraulic research in the near to medium future.
Rates and Properties of Supernovae Strongly Gravitationally Lensed by Elliptical Galaxies in Time-domain Imaging Surveys

Supernovae that are strongly gravitationally lensed (gLSNe) by elliptical galaxies are powerful probes of astrophysics and cosmology that will be discovered systematically by wide-field, high-cadence imaging surveys such as the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). Here we use pixel-level simulations that include observing strategy, target selection, supernova properties, and dust to forecast the rates and properties of gLSNe that ZTF and LSST will find. Applying the resolution-insensitive discovery strategy of Goldstein et al., we forecast that ZTF (LSST) can discover 0.02 (0.79) 91bg-like, 0.17 (5.92) 91T-like, 1.22 (47.84) Type Ia, 2.76 (88.51) Type IIP, 0.31 (12.78) Type IIL, and 0.36 (15.43) Type Ib/c gLSNe per year, with uncertainties dominated by uncertainties in the supernova rate. We also forecast that the surveys can discover at least 3.75 (209.32) Type IIn gLSNe per year, for a total of at least 8.60 (380.60) gLSNe per year under fiducial observing strategies. ZTF gLSNe have a median zs = 0.9, zl = 0.35, , Δtmax = 10 days, min(θ) = 0. ″25, and Nimg = 4. LSST gLSNe are less compact and less magnified, with a median zs = 1.0, zl = 0.4, , Δtmax = 25 days, min(θ) = 0. ″6, and Nimg = 2. We develop a model of the supernova–host galaxy connection and find that the vast majority of gLSN host galaxies will be multiply imaged, enabling detailed constraints on lens models with sufficiently deep high-resolution imaging taken after the supernova has faded. We release the results of our simulations as catalogs at http://portal.nersc. gov/project/astro250/glsne/.
Associations Between Physical Activity, Tinnitus, and Tinnitus Severity

Objectives: To examine the associations between physical activity and tinnitus development and physical activity and tinnitus severity in a large representative sample of US adults. Design: Data were obtained from 3826 eligible participants (20 to 69 years) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2015 and 2016. Physical activity was assessed using a Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. We used multivariable logistic regression to test the associations of physical activity (without physical activity, with physical activity) and amount of physical activity (min/week, in quartiles) with tinnitus symptoms. Adults with depressive symptoms were excluded, and the models were controlled for relevant sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related covariates. A restricted cubic spline was used to explore the dose-response relationship between the amount of physical activity and tinnitus. Results: Overall, 12.8% of the population who engaged in physical activity reported tinnitus, compared with 18.5% of the population who did not (p = 0.005). Subgroup analysis based on the amount of physical activity showed that participants who performed physical activity (150 to 300, 310 to 540, and 550 to 4800 min/week) had lower risks of tinnitus than those with no physical activity (odds ratio = 0.72, 0.56, and 0.62, respectively), after adjusting for covariates. However, no correlation was observed between physical activity and tinnitus severity in the present study. The dose-response analysis showed a nonlinear relationship (P for nonlinearity = 0.04) between the amount of physical activity and the risk of tinnitus. Conclusions: Physical activity may be associated with a reduced risk of tinnitus. Further research using a longitudinal design is required to confirm these findings and clarify the direction of causation.
De novo transcriptome analysis of the centrohelid Raphidocystis contractilis to identify genes involved in microtubule‐based motility

The centrohelid heliozoan Raphidocystis contractilis has many radiating axopodia, each containing axopodial microtubules. The axopodia show rapid contraction at nearly a video rate (30 frames per second) in response to mechanical stimuli. The axopodial contraction is accompanied by cytoskeletal microtubule depolymerization, but the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon has not been elucidated. In this study, we performed de novo transcriptome sequencing of R. contractilis to identify genes involved in microtubule dynamics such as the rapid axopodial contraction. The transcriptome sequencing generated 7.15‐Gbp clean reads in total, which were assembled as 31,771 unigenes. Using the obtained gene sets, we identified several microtubule‐severing proteins which might be involved in the rapid axopodial contraction, and kinesin‐like genes that occur in gene duplication. On the other hand, some genes for microtubule motor proteins involved in the formation and motility of flagella were not found in R. contractilis, suggesting that the gene repertoire of R. contractilis reflected the morphological features of nonflagellated protists. Our transcriptome analysis provides basic information for the analysis of the molecular mechanism underlying microtubule dynamics in R. contractilis.
Abnormal platelet immunophenotypes and percentage of giant platelets in myelodysplastic syndrome: A pilot study

Objectives Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous hematopoietic stem cell disorder with thrombocytopenia. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of blood cells has been instrumental in diagnosis as co-criteria, but the data regarding platelets remains lacking. This study aims to determine if there is a difference in surface antigen levels on platelets by comparing surface antigen levels in MDS patients and healthy control subjects. Concurrently, as flow cytometric gating can reveal the diameter of cells, this study will investigate differences in giant platelet percentage by comparing these percentages in high- and low-risk MDS patients. Study design Twenty newly diagnosed MDS patients were enrolled in this study. Platelet surface antigen levels were determined by measuring the binding capacity of antibodies with flow cytometry. Results Platelets of MDS patients were shown to have a lower level of CD61 and higher levels of CD31 and CD36 than healthy controls. Judged by forward scatter (FSC), MDS patients’ platelets appeared to be larger than those of healthy control subjects, whereas the MFI adjusted by diameter (MFI/FSC ratio) of CD31, CD41a, CD42a, CD42b and CD61 on platelets were lower in MDS patients than in healthy control subjects. There was a significant quantity of giant platelets found in MDS patients, and the high-risk MDS patients tended to have a higher percentage of giant platelets than low-risk patients. Conclusions: All the results indicate that MDS patients exhibit a lower antigen presentation (MFI) adjusted by diameter on platelets than healthy controls and the giant platelets detected by flow cytometry might correlate with the condition of MDS.
Wonderful Consequences of the Kerr Theorem

Kerr's multi-particle solution is obtained on the base of the Kerr theorem. Choosing generating function of the Kerr theorem $F$ as a product of partial functions $F_i$ for spinning particles i=1,. k, we obtain a multi-sheeted, multi-twistorial space-time over $M^4$ possessing unusual properties. Twistorial structures of the i-th and j-th particles do not feel each other, forming a type of its internal space. Gravitation and electromagnetic interaction of the particles occurs via a singular twistor line which is common for twistorial structures of interacting particles. The obtained multi-particle Kerr-Newman solution turns out to be `dressed' by singular twistor lines linked to surrounding particles. We conjecture that this structure of space-time has the relation to a stringy structure of vacuum and opens a geometrical way to quantum gravity.
Nonlinear Stochastic Adaptive Control: a New Approach

Abstract The paper presents new methods for nonlinear filtering, nonlinear parameter estimation and nonlinear prediction through a new concept named “intersample linearization”. The nonlinear filtering and parameter estimation methods shown in the paper are based on the algorithm of nonlinear prediction, which applies multi intersample linearization and approximates the nonlinear state evolution in increments computed with linear equations. Through multi-step ahead prediction, nonlinear model predictive control problems and optimum stochastic tracking problems may be solved.
tModBase: deciphering the landscape of tRNA modifications and their dynamic changes from epitranscriptome data

Abstract tRNA molecules contain dense, abundant modifications that affect tRNA structure, stability, mRNA decoding and tsRNA formation. tRNA modifications and related enzymes are responsive to environmental cues and are associated with a range of physiological and pathological processes. However, there is a lack of resources that can be used to mine and analyse these dynamically changing tRNA modifications. In this study, we established tModBase (https://www.tmodbase.com/) for deciphering the landscape of tRNA modification profiles from epitranscriptome data. We analysed 103 datasets generated with second- and third-generation sequencing technologies and illustrated the misincorporation and termination signals of tRNA modification sites in ten species. We thus systematically demonstrate the modification profiles across different tissues/cell lines and summarize the characteristics of tRNA-associated human diseases. By integrating transcriptome data from 32 cancers, we developed novel tools for analysing the relationships between tRNA modifications and RNA modification enzymes, the expression of 1442 tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), and 654 DNA variations. Our database will provide new insights into the features of tRNA modifications and the biological pathways in which they participate.
Genome Sequences of Two Lytic Staphylococcus aureus Bacteriophages Isolated from Wastewater

Two lytic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bacteriophages, belonging to the family Herelleviridae, were isolated from wastewater in Western Australia. Biyabeda-mokiny 2 appears to belong to the genus Kayvirus, and Koomba-kaat 1 to Silviavirus. ABSTRACT Two lytic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bacteriophages, belonging to the family Herelleviridae, were isolated from wastewater in Western Australia. Biyabeda-mokiny 2 appears to belong to the genus Kayvirus, and Koomba-kaat 1 to Silviavirus.
Home-based exercise using balance disc and smartphone inclinometer application improves balance and activity of daily living in individuals with stroke: A randomized controlled trial

Background Sitting ability is critical for daily activities in individuals who have experienced a stroke. A combination of seated balance training on an unstable surface and real-time visual feedback via a simple mobile inclinometer application may improve trunk control in stroke survivors. Objective This randomized controlled trial aimed to determine the effects of home-based exercise utilizing a balance disc with input from a smartphone inclinometer application on sitting balance and activities of daily living in stroke survivors. Methods This trial enrolled 32 stroke survivors aged 30 to 75 years. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: intervention or control. Both groups underwent four weeks of traditional therapy. Additionally, the intervention group received four weeks of multidirectional lean training utilizing a balance disc and a smartphone application with an inclinometer. The Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS), the Function in Sitting Test (FIST), and the Barthel Index (BI) were used to assess the results. To compare between group effects, an ANCOVA analysis was performed using a baseline as a covariate. Results The PASS changing posture and BI were considerably greater in the intervention group compared to the control group. Other metrics revealed no statistically significant differences between the groups. Conclusion Home-based training with balance discs and input from a smartphone inclinometer application may improve postural control and daily activity in stroke patients. Trial registration Clinical trials registry number: TCTR20210617004.
Iron Line Properties of the Seyfert 1 Galaxy MCG $-$ 6-30-15 Observed with ASCA

We analyzed the data sets of three long observations of the Seyfert 1 galaxy MCG−6-30-15 performed with ASCA. We firstly confirmed the common presence of a broad and skewed feature (the so-called disk-line) in the average spectra of the three observations (namely, on a time scale of several times 10 5 s). We then investigated the variability of the line flux and the profile on a time scale of 2 ×10 4 s, approximating the profile with a doubleGaussian model: a relatively broad line at 5.5keV (Red line) and a relatively narrow line at 6.4keV (Blue line). The variability of the Red line is rather larger than that of the continuum flux in some cases; on the other hand, the equivalent width of the Blue line is not rejected to be constant in some cases. No significant correlation between the Red line flux and the Blue line flux is observed. We also evaluated the RMS variability (the standard deviation normalized by the mean) in 15 energy bands on various time-bin-widths using the longest data in 1999. We found that the RMS variability is reduced in the 5.0–6.6keV band, and that the degree of the depression is more significant on the longer time-bin-width.
Spectral Analysis and Invariant Measure in the Study of a Nonlinear Dynamics of the Metabolic Process in Cells

The metabolic process in a cell is modeled with the use of the Fourier transformation. The histograms of the invariant measures of chaotic attractors are constructed. In particular, a scenario of adaptation of the metabolic process under a change in the dissipation of a kinetic membrane potential and the sequence of the modes of self-organization and deterministic chaos are determined. Respectively, the spectral mapping of the attractors of these modes is considered. The structural-functional connections of the metabolic process in a cell as an integral dissipative system are analyzed.
Contribution of inwardly rectifying K+ channel 4.1 of supraoptic astrocytes to the regulation of vasopressin neuronal activity by hypotonicity

Astrocytic morphological plasticity and its modulation of adjacent neuronal activity are largely determined by astrocytic volume regulation, in which glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), aquaporin 4 (AQP4), and potassium channels including inwardly rectifying K+ channel 4.1 (Kir4.1) are essential. However, associations of astrocyte‐dominant Kir4.1 with other molecules in astrocytic volume regulation and the subsequent influence on neuronal activity remain unclear. Here, we report our study on these issues using primary cultures of rat pups' hypothalamic astrocytes and male adult rat brain slices. In astrocyte culture, hyposmotic challenge (HOC) significantly decreased GFAP monomer expression and astrocytic volume at 1.5 min and increased Kir4.1 expression and inwardly rectifying currents (IRCs) at 10 min. BaCl2 (100 μmol/l) suppressed the HOC‐increased IRCs, which was simulated by VU0134992 (2 μmol/l), a Kir4.1 blocker. Preincubation of the astrocyte culture with TGN‐020 (10 μmol/l, a specific AQP4 blocker) made the HOC‐increased Kir4.1 currents insignificant. In hypothalamic brain slices, HOC initially decreased and then increased the firing rate of vasopressin (VP) neurons in the supraoptic nucleus. In the presence of BaCl2 or VU0134992, HOC‐elicited rebound increase in VP neuronal activity was blocked. GFAP was molecularly associated with Kir4.1, which was increased by HOC at 20 min; this increase was blocked by BaCl2. These results suggest that HOC‐evoked astrocytic retraction or decrease in the volume and length of its processes is associated with increased Kir4.1 activity. Kir4.1 involvement in HOC‐elicited astrocytic retraction is associated with AQP4 activity and GFAP plasticity, which together determines the rebound excitation of VP neurons.