Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Use and Treatment Mechanism of Molecular Hydrogen in the Treatment of Various Kidney Diseases including Diabetic Kidney Disease

As diabetes rates surge globally, there is a corresponding rise in the number of patients suffering from diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a common complication of diabetes. DKD is a significant contributor to chronic kidney disease, often leading to end-stage renal failure. However, the effectiveness of current medical treatments for DKD leaves much to be desired. Molecular hydrogen (H2) is an antioxidant that selectively reduces hydroxyl radicals, a reactive oxygen species with a very potent oxidative capacity. Recent studies have demonstrated that H2 not only possesses antioxidant properties but also exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, regulates cell lethality, and modulates signal transduction. Consequently, it is now being utilized in clinical applications. Many factors contribute to the onset and progression of DKD, with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation being strongly implicated. Recent preclinical and clinical trials reported that substances with antioxidant properties may slow the progression of DKD. Hence, we undertook a comprehensive review of the literature focusing on animal models and human clinical trials where H2 demonstrated effectiveness against a variety of renal diseases. The collective evidence from this literature review, along with our previous findings, suggests that H2 may have therapeutic benefits for patients with DKD by enhancing mitochondrial function. To substantiate these findings, future large-scale clinical studies are needed.
Geological Characterization of the Weyburn Field for Geological Storage of CO 2 : Summary of Phase I Results of the IEA GHG Weyburn CO 2 Monitoring and Storage Project 1

The IEA GHG Weyburn CO2 Monitoring and Storage Project was designed to study methods for monitoring CO2 movement in the subsurface and to determine the security of storing CO2 in depleting oil reservoirs for hundreds to thousands of years. The Weyburn Project was associated with EnCana Resource’s CO2-miscible flood operations at the Weyburn Field in southeastern Saskatchewan. Initial planning of the research program began in July 2000 and the first phase of research was completed in September 2004. The project was highly diverse and contained programs involving regional geoscience investigations, reservoir simulations, 4-D geophysical monitoring surveys, reservoir fluid and mineral sampling, geochemical modeling, well-bore integrity studies, geomechanical property investigations, risk and performance assessment, and economic viability studies, among others. Geological characterization was undertaken at two scales: one a regional investigation of a 200 x 200 km area centred on the Weyburn Field; the other a more detailed examination of the geosphere in an area extending 10 km beyond the limits of the planned CO2 flood. The geological framework was defined through geological mapping, regional seismic data, shallow and deep hydrogeological investigations, high resolution aeromagnetic geophysical surveys, airphoto and satellite remotely sensed imagery analyses, and detailed stratigraphic and diagenetic studies. The geological characterization portion of the project provided fundamental information for other areas of study regarding geological storage of CO2 such as reservoir simulation and risk assessment. Much of the geoscience data were integrated into a 3-D geological model, or System Model, that was used for numerical risk and performance assessment. The results of the geoscience studies indicate that the Weyburn Pool is a very suitable location in which CO2 may be stored securely for several thousand years. Numerical modeling studies suggest around 23 million tonnes (MT) CO2 will remain in the reservoir at the end of EOR operations, and that no CO2 will migrate above the reservoir caprock in over 5,000 years.
Association between diabetes and venous thromboembolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) plays a vital role in the development of cardiovascular disease. However, its association with venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains unclear, for the published study results are conflicting. We performed a meta-analysis of published cohort studies and case–control studies to assess the role of DM in the formation and prognosis of VTE. Methods: PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for articles from the database’s establishment until September 15, 2022. Of the 15,754 publications retrieved, 50 studies were identified that met the selection criteria. The New castle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the literature. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using fixed- or random-effect models. Results: We combined OR using a random-effects or fixed-effects model: patients with DM had an increased risk of VTE (OR 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–1.41), which still showed a partial association in studies adjusted by confounding factors (OR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.07–1.35). DM was not significantly associated with VTE when analyzed in studies adjusted by body mass index (OR 1.04, 95% CI: 0.94–1.15). VTE patients with DM had a higher risk of short-term and long-term mortality than those without DM (OR 1.58 [95% CI: 1.26–1.99] for long-term mortality and OR 1.20 [95% CI: 1.19–1.21] for short-term mortality). Conclusion: There was no significant association between DM and VTE risk, and body mass index may be a significant confounding factor between DM and VTE risk. However, DM can still lead to an increased risk of long-term and short-term mortality in patients with VTE.
Consumer Perspectives on the Adoption of a Prehabilitation Multimodal Online Program for Patients Undergoing Cancer Surgery

Simple Summary This study explored the views of 30 gastrointestinal cancer patients on the adoption of a prehabilitation multimodal program, including exercise, nutrition and psychological counselling, which was delivered via e-Health. Most of the patients undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery were confident using technology, perceived the preoperative online program safe to be delivered at home, and of potential benefit to their wellbeing. However, “poor preoperative health”, “lack of motivation” and “lack of personal encouragement” were identified as the main barriers to the uptake of a preoperative online program. The safety and efficacy of the online program would need to be tested in a larger randomised controlled trial. Abstract This study aimed to explore patients’ perspectives on the adoption of a prehabilitation multimodal online program. Patients recovering from gastrointestinal cancer surgery at a tertiary hospital between October 2021 and November 2022 were invited to participate. An e-Health program including intensity exercises, nutrition and psychological counselling was used. Patients were instructed to navigate the e-Health program over 24 h using an iPad and then complete the study survey. Patients’ characteristics, use of technology, views and minimal expected outcomes from a preoperative online program were collected. Of the 30 patients included, most were female, most reported confidence in the use of technology, most considered the online program safe and most agreed it would be beneficial for their health. “Poor preoperative health” and “lack of motivation and encouragement” were identified as the main barriers to the uptake of a preoperative online program, while program ‘simplicity’ and perceived ‘benefits’ were the main facilitators. Significant improvement in postoperative outcomes is perceived to influence patients’ willingness to participate in a preoperative multimodal e-Health program. Gastrointestinal cancer patients perceived the adoption of a preoperative multimodal e-Health application as safe to be performed at home and of potential benefit to their health. A range of patient’s characteristics, barriers and facilitators to the uptake of an online program were identified. These should be considered in future preoperative multimodal online programs to enhance patient experience, adherence and efficacy. The safety and efficacy of the online prehabilitation program will need to be determined in a larger randomized controlled trial.
A Novel Approach to All-Weather LST Estimation Using XGBoost Model and Multisource Data

Land surface temperature (LST) plays a crucial role in the physical and chemical processes of the land–atmosphere system. Remote sensing technology has greatly advanced the measurement of thermal infrared LST (TIR LST), which is the most widely utilized surface temperature product. However, cloud cover and mist often cause significant data loss in TIR LST. To address this issue and reconstruct the MYD11A1 LST under cloudy conditions, this study proposes an all-weather LST generation method based on the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model. This method incorporates spatial-seamless passive microwave LST (PMW LST) to capture the nonlinear relationship between TIR LST and other variables. Compared to the MYD11A1 LST, the generated all-weather LST provides continuous spatial texture information without a significant boundary reconstruction effect, improving the accuracy of spatiotemporal variations in LST in China. In situ validation demonstrated the high accuracy of the generated all-weather LST, with mean $R^{2}$ , bias, and unbiased root-mean-square error (ubRMSE) of 0.96 (0.91), 1.08 K (3.61 K), and 2.92 K (4.54 K) under clear (cloudy) daytime conditions, and 0.92 (0.95), −0.93 K (−2.96 K), and 3.09 K (3.04 K) under clear (cloudy) nighttime conditions. These results indicate the feasibility and reasonableness of the all-weather LST generation method developed in this study and affirm its ability to generate highly accurate all-weather LST.
Jump‐starting podocarp forest establishment in a wetland dominated by invasive willow

Kahikatea (Dacrycarpus dacrydioides) is a tall, wetland‐tolerant native podocarp tree that has potential for restoration of New Zealand wetlands currently dominated by invasive Grey willow (Salix cinerea). We investigated methods to jump‐start establishment of Kahikatea saplings in the Ramsar‐listed Whangamarino Wetland. Treatments involved planting saplings after full herbicide clearance of the willow canopy (FULL), partial herbicide clearance of the canopy (PARTIAL), and manual cutting of light wells (MANUAL). Saplings were planted as individuals or clusters of seven. Treatment plots were established in 2015 and monitored until 2020. Despite Kahikatea being considered a “light‐demanding” species, saplings grew best in the PARTIAL treatment which had the lowest ambient light levels (x̄=32% of non‐intercepted sunlight). PARTIAL treatment saplings were estimated to require 24–36 years to reach the height of the surrounding willow canopy if they maintained similar growth rates. Preconditioning saplings by soaking roots before planting provided a growth advantage in the PARTIAL treatment plots, whereas nonconditioned plants grew better in the higher‐light MANUAL and FULL plots. No benefit was found for cluster planting. Restoration toward a native Kahikatea‐dominated forest will be contingent on saplings reaching willow canopy height before the faster‐growing willows reestablish, or periodic management of willows to maintain light levels above the compensation point for continued growth. Ultimately, the utility of this approach depends on what on‐going facilitation is required and whether seedlings subsequently produced by these emergent podocarp “islands” are able to jump‐start a long‐term change in the successional trajectory of the surrounding willow‐dominated wetland.
Design Experiments in Game-Based Learning of Metacognition

Learner metacognition is one of the most influential factors that positively affects learning. Previous work shows that game-based learning can contribute to supporting and developing metacognitive knowledge and skills of learners. While there are many specific examples of such games, it remains unclear how to effectively design game-based learning environments to achieve this in an effective way. In other words: there is sufficient case-specific evidence, but limited design knowledge derived from such cases. In this paper, we attempt to identify such intermediary design knowledge that resides between specific games and generalized theory. We present three design experiments where game-based metacognitive training is evaluated in real-world educational settings. We collected insights regarding usefulness, motivation, usage, effort, and metacognition among participating students. From these experiments we identify what was learned in the form of design recommendations and, as such, contribute to collecting intermediary design knowledge for designing game-based metacognitive training.
Correction of phase velocity bias caused by strong directional noise sources in high-frequency ambient noise tomography: a case study in Karamay, China

Kai Wang,1,2 Yinhe Luo1,3 and Yingjie Yang2 1State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China. E-mail: luoyinhe@cug.edu. cn 2ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems and GEMOC ARC National Key Centre, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia 3Hubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging Lab (SMIL), China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
Surface Activity, Wetting, and Aggregation of a Perfluoropolyether Quaternary Ammonium Salt Surfactant with a Hydroxyethyl Group

This paper reports the synthesis of a novel quaternary surfactant containing a hydroxyethyl group (PFPE-C) and the surface properties of its aqueous solution (investigated by comparisons with two structurally similar chemicals, dodecyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)-dimethylammonium chloride (DHDAC) and PFPE-A). The minimum surface tension (γCMC) and critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the PFPE-C aqueous solution were 17.35 mN/m and 0.024 mmol/L, respectively. This study confirms that surfactants containing hydroxyethyl groups efficiently reduce the surface tension of aqueous solutions, and fluorocarbon surfactants exhibit better surface activity than ordinary hydrocarbon surfactants with similar structures. The micellization, aggregation, air-water interfacial adsorption, and wettability of PFPE-C aqueous solutions have been systematically investigated. Highly concentrated PFPE-C aqueous solutions exhibit good wettability on PTFE and paraffin films. Moreover, the aggregates of PFPE-C in the aqueous solution were clearly seen as vesicles on Cryo-TEM micrographs. Primary biodegradation results indicate that 19% of PFPC-C can be degraded within one week.
Conception and Design of WSN Sensor Nodes Based on Machine Learning, Embedded Systems and IoT Approaches for Pollutant Detection in Aquatic Environments

To prevent and mitigate the environmental impact of the transportation and extraction of oil and its derivatives, the conception, design, development, and implementation of an embedded system for wireless sensor networks (WSN) is presented is this paper. The proposed embedded system is a static sensor node that detects and classifies pollutants in aquatic environments using machine learning and IoT (Internet of Things) approaches. The article presents the development of the sensor node, which consists of three phases. In the first phase, the conception and modeling of the embedded system are presented, including mathematical modeling of the node, the node’s power supply system, WSN communication structure, pollutant detection, and classification via machine learning and IoT. The implementation of the static sensor node is presented in the second phase of the project, which includes functional modeling of the measurement, the architecture of the embedded system, and its physical structure. In the last phase, the detection and classification tests of the proposed sensor node are presented, including implementing five sensors. They are evaluated indoors by analyzing seawater samples with gasoline and diesel, pH and turbidity measurements of seawater and freshwater with gasoline, and experiments through direct and indirect measurements of seawater and diesel. Since the initial results of the indoor experiments are satisfactory, the proposed sensor node is regarding as a promising device for detecting and classifying pollutants in real-world aquatic environments.
Formwork Engineering for Sustainable Concrete Construction

This study provides a comprehensive review of the engineering challenges of formwork in concrete construction. The paper investigates different formwork systems, their design based on form pressure, and the difficulties of form stripping. Alternative binders are gaining more and more interest by opening new opportunities for sustainable concrete materials and their impact on form pressure and concrete setting is also investigated in this paper. The discussion involves several engineering challenges such as sustainability, safety, and economy, while it also explores previous case studies, and discusses future trends in formwork design. The findings pinpoint that choosing an appropriate formwork system depends significantly on project-specific constraints and that the development of innovative materials and technologies presents significant benefits but also new challenges, including the need for training and regulation. Current trends in formwork design and use show promising possibilities for the integration of digital technologies and the development of sustainable and ‘smart’ formwork systems. Continued research within the field has the possibility to explore new formwork materials and technologies, which will contribute to the implementation of more effective and sustainable practices in concrete construction.
Changes in neuromuscular activation, heart rate and rate of perceived exertion over the course of a wheelchair propulsion fatigue protocol

Shoulder pain is common in persons with spinal cord injury and has been associated with wheelchair use. Fatigue related compensation strategies have been identified as possibly impacting the development of shoulder injury and pain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the progression of performance fatigability (i.e., decline in objective measure of performance including neuromuscular activation and increase in heart rate) and perceived fatigability (i.e., increased perceived exertion) during a 15-min fatigue protocol including maximum voluntary overground wheelchair propulsion. Fifty participants with paraplegic spinal cord injury completed three 4-min rounds of wheelchair propulsion, separated by 90 s of rest, on a figure-8 course consisting of two turns and full stops per lap in their manual wheelchairs (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03153033). Electromyography (EMG) signal of five muscles acting on the shoulder joint, heart rate (HR), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured at the beginning and end of every 4 min of propulsion. Root Mean Square (RMS) and Mean Power Frequency were calculated from EMG data. There was a significant increase in %RMS of the pectoralis major pars sternalis and trapezius pars descendens, HR, and RPE with greatest changes during the first 4 min of the protocol. The observed changes in neuromuscular activation in only two of the shoulder muscles may impact muscular imbalances and the development of shoulder injuries and should be further studied. The current study gives clearer insight into the mechanisms of performance fatigability and perceived fatigability throughout a wheelchair propulsion fatigue protocol.
Walking Speed Differences Following Open Heart Surgery Vary With Discharge Destination

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to determine whether gait speed can be used to guide discharge disposition recommendations from acute care in patients following median sternotomy open heart surgery. Methods:Gait speed was measured in 59 patients aged 44 to 90 years on the cardiac surgery step-down unit of a 502-bed teaching hospital. Subjects were post median sternotomy, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), valve(s) repair/replacement, or CABG, and valve(s). Comfortable walking speed was measured using a digital stopwatch in a single trial over a 2.4 m (8 feet) path with additional 1.5 m (5 feet) of acceleration and deceleration. Assistive walking devices and oxygen were utilized as needed. Results:A total of 59 patients, mean age males 67.3 ± 10.3 years, females 67.7 ± 11.5 years; patients were 32 CABG, 18 valve repair/replacement(s), and 9 CABG + valve(s) repair/replacement. Mean gait speed for males was 0.37 m/s, and for females was 0.24 m/s (P = .004). Twenty patients were discharged to acute rehabilitation, mean gait speed 0.25 m/s, 10 to subacute rehabilitation (SAR), mean gait speed 0.25 m/s, and 29 to home, mean gait speed 0.42 m/s. Comparisons between acute and home disposition demonstrated a mean gait speed difference of −0.181 m/s (P = .000), and SAR and home −0.171 m/s (P = .07). Comparisons between fast and slow walkers were done on the basis of a cut-point previously determined in the literature of 0.4 m/s and demonstrated a correlation coefficient 0.587 between the use of an assistive device and slow gait speed. Conclusion:Slow walkers were more likely to be discharged to rehabilitation. Patients using an assistive device were more likely to have slower gait speed and subsequent discharge to rehabilitation. The best predictor of slow gait speed was the use of an assistive walking device. Gait speed is a measure easily performed in the acute care setting and can effectively guide discharge disposition recommendations from acute care in patients following median sternotomy open heart surgery.
Characteristics of fractures in crystalline bedrock determined by surface and borehole geophysical surveys, eastern surplus superfund site, Meddybemps, Maine

Surface and borehole geophysical methods were used to determine fracture orientation in crystalline bedrock at the Eastern Surplus Superfund Site in Meddybemps, Maine. Fracture-orientation information is needed to address concerns about the fate of contaminants in ground water at the site. Azimuthal square-array resistivity surveys were conducted at 3 locations at the site, borehole-acoustic televiewer and borehole-video logs were collected in 10 wells, and single-hole directional radar surveys were conducted in 9 wells.
A DEEP LEARNING CNN MODEL FOR DRIVER FATIGUE DETECTION USING SINGLE EEG CHANNEL

Driver fatigue and losing wariness during long driving hours is considered as one of the main road accidents causes. It affects road safety directly. Road safety is a major disquieting problem, since traffic accidents endanger divers, travelers, and everyone in their scope, in addition to the road and vehicle damages. The EEG signal becomes one of the most dependable biological signals utilized to estimate the drivers' drowsiness state, although a multichannel acquiring system must be used to transmit the EEG signal. Wearing a multi-channel headset is not readily accepted by drivers. Many attempts have been done by researchers to reduce number of EEG channels used to detect drivers’ fatigue. The present study proposed utilizing only one of EEG channels signal to estimate driver fatigue state to raise the acceptance of the system and its flexibility. The system starts with receiving the EEG signals, then pre-processing them using filtering and transformed them to color image using spectrogram. After that, the EEGs spectrogram passed to the proposed CNN deep network model to identify them either fatigue or normal fatigue. The present study measured up many EEG channels to identify the most accurate and dependable one to classify driver fatigue. The results indicate that the FP1, T3, and Oz channels considered as the most efficient channels to identify the drive’s state either fatigue or not. They achieved an accuracy of 94.33%, 92.57 and 93% respectively. Therefore, using a single one of these channels and the proposed CNN model will lead to a more robust driver drowsiness/fatigue detection system using EEG signals.