Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High Field Insert Coils From Bi-2212/Ag Round Wires

Bi-2212/Ag round wire is a promising and practical material for extending high field superconducting magnets beyond the limits of Nb3Sn. Efforts to develop superconducting magnets in the 25 to 30 T range include fabrication and test of practical size insert coils using this wire. Recent studies have focused on improvements in wire performance, wire insulation, and coil fabrication for wind-and-react coils. Continued improvements in the engineering critical current density (JE) and the critical current density (Jc) performance have been achieved by optimizing the starting precursor composition, and the heat treatments. The highest Je of 1580 A/mm2 at 4.2 K, 0 T and 420 A/mm2 at 4.2 K, 31 T were obtained in 0.81 mm wire. In particular, significant progress on braided insulation has been made for enabling a robust procedure for wind-and-react Bi-2212 solenoid coils. Performance of three of these coils has been measured in background fields up to 19 T, showing good prospects for high field magnet application of this conductor.
Comparison of the diagnostic ability of Moorfield’s regression analysis and glaucoma probability score using Heidelberg retinal tomograph III in eyes with primary open angle glaucoma

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic performance of the Heidelberg retinal tomograph (HRT) glaucoma probability score (GPS) with that of Moorfield’s regression analysis (MRA). Materials and Methods: The study included 50 eyes of normal subjects and 50 eyes of subjects with early-to-moderate primary open angle glaucoma. Images were obtained by using HRT version 3.0. Results: The agreement coefficient (weighted k) for the overall MRA and GPS classification was 0.216 (95% CI: 0.119 – 0.315). The sensitivity and specificity were evaluated using the most specific (borderline results included as test negatives) and least specific criteria (borderline results included as test positives). The MRA sensitivity and specificity were 30.61 and 98% (most specific) and 57.14 and 98% (least specific). The GPS sensitivity and specificity were 81.63 and 73.47% (most specific) and 95.92 and 34.69% (least specific). The MRA gave a higher positive likelihood ratio (28.57 vs. 3.08) and the GPS gave a higher negative likelihood ratio (0.25 vs. 0.44). The sensitivity increased with increasing disc size for both MRA and GPS. Conclusions: There was a poor agreement between the overall MRA and GPS classifications. GPS tended to have higher sensitivities, lower specificities, and lower likelihood ratios than the MRA. The disc size should be taken into consideration when interpreting the results of HRT, as both the GPS and MRA showed decreased sensitivity for smaller discs and the GPS showed decreased specificity for larger discs.
Critical engagements with nature: tourism, political economy of nature and political ecology

This special issue has its origins in a session sponsored by the Geography of Leisure and Tourism Research Group at the Annual International Conference 2013 of the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers). It aims to follow on from prior critical engagements with nature to provide a basis for further discussions of society–nature relationships. Tourism is often dependent on nature for consumption via the production of tourist experiences and is thus an important economic activity in the interplay between societies and nature in tourism/leisure. Both political economy and political ecology are suitable approaches for a critical engagement with nature. A political economy of nature is concerned with issues of relative power of social actors vis-à-vis nature and how they produce socio-natural environments, whereas political ecology adds a post-structural dimension by deconstructing society–nature relations and highlighting both discursive and material elements and create exclusive or inclusive spaces of socio-natural relationships. Although the majority of papers fall within a political economy of nature category, the introduction to this special issue will also briefly discuss post-structural political ecology. The aim is, therefore, to provide a critical analysis of the complex society–nature relationships in order to contribute to ongoing critical discussion.
Factors associated with colostrum immunoglobulin G concentration in northern‐Victorian dairy cows

OBJECTIVES To determine the proportion of first-milking colostrum samples produced on four northern-Victorian dairy farms that meet industry standards in terms of immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration and to identify risk factors that affect colostrum quality. METHODS Colostrum IgG concentrations from 442 dairy cows on four farms were estimated using a Brix refractometer and risk factors for colostrum IgG concentration were determined using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Only 39% of samples met the definition of high quality. The strongest predictor for colostrum quality was the interval from calving to colostrum harvesting. Colostrum harvested from cows within 12 h of calving was 6-fold more likely to be high quality compared with colostrum harvested later. Colostrum from cows in ≥ 4th lactation was nearly twice as likely to be high quality compared with cows entering their 1st lactation. If the calf was not allowed to suckle from the dam prior to colostrum harvesting, the odds of producing high-quality colostrum were nearly 4-fold greater. If the cow had not leaked colostrum prior to harvesting, it was more than 3-fold more likely to produce high-quality colostrum. CONCLUSIONS The majority of samples assessed were below industry standard. Herd, lactation number, calf suckling or cow leaking colostrum prior to harvesting and time between calving and colostrum harvesting were factors that influenced colostrum IgG concentration. The results support current industry recommendations of harvesting colostrum shortly after parturition (ideally within 12 h of calving) and testing the quality of all colostrum prior to feeding to dairy calves.
Modeling the Information-Seeking Patterns of Academic Researchers: A Grounded Theory Approach

The focus of this article is the employment of the grounded theory approach to derive models of the information-seeking patterns of academic researchers. The background to the development of interest in qualitative approaches to information studies in the United Kingdom is described, and the results of four studies, carried out at the University of Sheffield, into the information-seeking patterns of researchers in the social sciences, sciences, and humanities are outlined. The methodological issues involved in the employment of the grounded theory approach in the studies are discussed-with particular attention being given to the conceptual questions of analysis, comparison, and validity and to the practical issues of data recording, coding, and selection. Reference is also made to other studies carried out at the University of Sheffield that have employed the grounded theory approach.
An Analysis of the Association Rates Between Numbers From 1 To 20

To each number from 1 to 20, 196 subjects were asked to associate three other numbers chosen within the same range. The analysis of the frequency tables allowed us to define 21 types of relationships, distributed into four classes: neighbourhood on the magnitude scale, symmetry relative to 10, simple ratios, and common membership of some typical number families. The weight of each factor was estimated, and possible interactions were examined when two or more factors were involved in a single number pair. Some organizational principles were proposed
An SDR-based prototype of spectrally precoded OFDM

Spectrally precoded OFDM is a recent approach that aims for the suppression of the OOB, as well as the in-band gap, emissions in OFDM systems. Theoretically, the technique shows High suppression of the OOB and the in-band gap emissions. Although, practically hardware impairments may limit the precoder's performance. Yet, this demonstration shows that despite the hardware impairments, implemented spectrally precoded OFDM generates emissions tens of decibels less than that of plain OFDM. Therefore, the demonstration proves that communications links are less vulnerable to interference coming from spectrally precoded OFDM signals than to interference coming from plain OFDM signals.
Ovarian cysts in dairy cows: old and new concepts for definition, diagnosis and therapy

Ovarian Cyst (OC) is an important ovarian dysfunction and a major cause of reproductive failure in dairy cattle. Previously defined as enlarged anovulatory follicle like structures (<2.5 cm) and persisting for 10 or more days OC in dairy cows are currently defined as cystic ovarian follicular structures of at least 17 mm that persist for more than 6 days in the absence of corpus luteum. However, clear cut definitions of this disorder are yet to be made. Past evaluations of OC using transrectal palpations have increased, and accurate diagnosis currently employs a combination of transrectal palpation, transrectal ultrasonography and plasma progesterone assay. However, the accurate diagnosis of the type of OC seems less important as therapies are similar for both the types of OC and clinicians often evaluate the OC again under conditions of pregnancy failures. During earlier times, the manual rupture of OC was advocated, yet during the past several years single or combination hCG, GnRH, progesterone and prostaglandins have been frequent in clinical practice. Other therapies include estrogen receptor blocker clomiphene citrate and trans-vaginal ultrasound guided cystic follicle aspiration. Among the various therapies suggested the OvSynch treatment appears to be the most logical approach, yet the pregnancy rates with timed inseminations following therapy with the OvSynch treatment are low, as with other hormonal treatments. The success of therapy is governed by many confounding variables such as persistence of the cystic follicles and initiation of therapy as pathological alterations that occur following OC persistence require some time for spontaneous recovery. It can be concluded that OC can be diagnosed easily yet in spite of many therapeutic options the establishment of pregnancy in cows with OC requires a longer time.
Multiplexing Technique for All-IP 4G Heterogeneous Network

Fourth generation mobile systems and services will mainly be characterized by a horizontal communication model, where different access technologies such as cellular, cordless, wireless local area network, short-range connectivity, and wired systems will be combined on a common platform to complement each other optimally for different service requirements and radio environments. To access different wireless networks, multimode user terminals are essential. The most promising way of implementing multimodal user terminals are to adopt the software radio approach. In this article, the authors find the complexity through establishing 4G Heterogeneous network and discuss over the recently developed multiplexing technique to access all IP based networks.
Combining Scenario-based Requirements with Static Verification and Dynamic Testing

Abstract. Two important prerequisites for achieving high quality softwareare solid requirements engineering and systematic testing. Scenarios and usecases are gaining increased attention in requirements engineering, as meansfor eliciting, documenting and validating requirements. Scenarios may alsobe a basis for testing. This paper identiﬁes a number of possibilities of com-bining scenario-based requirements engineering with systematic approachesfor software veriﬁcation and validation. It presents outlines of strategies forutilizing scenarios created during requirements engineering as input to staticveriﬁcation and dynamic testing. Special attention is given to the opportunityof (1) using prioritized scenarios for guiding inspections, (2) combining sce-narios with reliability testing, and (3) scenario elicitation through strategiescommon in testing. Several issues of further research are identiﬁed. 1. Introduction There is a general consensus on the importance of good RequirementsEngineering (RE) for achieving high quality software. It is unlikely thatpoorly understood requirements yield a software system that ﬁts its pur-poses. Another important process component for ensuring high qualitysoftware is Veriﬁcation and Validation (V&V). This paper presentsmotives for and ideas behind the use of scenarios as a common denomina-tor for both RE and V&V. The main contribution of the paper is a numberof proposals on how scenarios from RE can be combined with differentareas of V&V.Scenarios and use cases
Economics for the Wilds

The economic approach to wildlands and wildlife, Barbier and Swanson appropriating the value of natural habitat, Aylward the sustainable utilization of wildlife, Luxmore and Swanson community based development, Barbier wildlife of utilization, Luxmore and Swanson monitoring the commons, Milner-Gulland and Leader-Williams mixed use of habitat, Pearce and Barnes conclusion - wildlife and wildlands.
An Enhanced Workflow Scheduling Strategy for Deadline Guarantee on Hybrid Grid/Cloud Infrastructure

Deadline guarantee is an important QoS requirement for some critical scientific workflow applications. However, the resource heterogeneity and the unpredictable workloads make it difficult for grid system to provide efficient deadline-guarantee service for those applications. Recent IaaS providers, such as Amazon's EC2, provide virtualized on-demand computing resources on a pay-per-use model, which can be aggregated to the existing grid resource pool to enhance deadline-guarantee of scientific workflow. In this paper, a novel workflow scheduling algorithm DGESA is proposed. First, we evaluate the degree of deadline-guarantee for subtasks of workflow in grid system based on proposed probabilistic deadline guarantee model. Then, proper cloud resources are selected as an accelerator to enhance the deadline-guarantee of subtasks. The experimental results show that proposed algorithm achieves better performance than other algorithms on user's deadline guarantee.
Constructing the Nation-State: International Organization and Prescriptive Action

Foreword by John W. Meyer Abbreviations A World of Nation-States The World Polity in Perspective Transnational Agencies and Forces: International Organizations and the World Polity The Determination of Statehood: Conceptual Challenges and Empirical Shifts Prescribing State Practice: Accounting for Progress Policy Prescriptions: Ideology in State Structure and Practice An Institutional Profile: Constructing the Nation-State Appendix: Coding Schemes and Categories References Index
A Decision Support Platform for Guiding a Bug Triage for Resolver Recommendation Using Textual and Non-Textual Features

It is largely believed among researchers that the software engineering methods and techniques based on mining of software repositories (MSR) have the potential of providing sound and empirical basis for Software Engineering tasks. But it has been observed that the main hurdles to adoption of the techniques are organizational in nature or people centric, for example lack of access to data, organizational inertia, general lack of faith in results achieved without human intervention, and a tendency of experts to feel that their inability to arrive at optimal decisions is rooted in someone else’s shortcomings, in this case person who files the bug. We share our experiences in developing a use case for applying such methods to the common software engineering task of Bug Triaging within an industrial setup. We accompany the well researched technique of applying textual information content in bug reports with additional measures in order to improve the acceptance and effectiveness of the system. Specifically we present: A) use of non-textual features for factoring in the decision making process that a human would follow; B) making available effectiveness metrics that present a basis for comparing the results of the automated systems against the existing practice of relying on human decision making; and C) presenting reasoning or the justification behind the results so that the human experts can validate and accept the results. We present these non-textual features and some of the metrics and discuss on how these can address the adoption concerns for this specific use case.
Poverty and Welfare Measurement on the Basis of Prospect Theory

This paper examines the measurement of social welfare, poverty, and inequality, taking into account features that have been found to be important welfare determinants in behavioral economics. Most notably, we incorporate reference-dependence, loss aversion, and diminishing sensitivity—aspects emphasized in Prospect Theory—to social welfare measurement. We suggest a new notion of equivalent income, the income level with which the individual would be as well off, evaluated using a standard concave utility function, as he actually is, evaluated with a reference-dependent utility function. We examine the differences between standard poverty and inequality measures based on observed income and measures that are calculated based on equivalent income. These differences are illustrated using household-level panel data from Russia and Vietnam.
A PROBLEM OF GUILT: AN EXPLORATION OF FEELINGS OF GUILT AS AN OBSTACLE TO PSYCHIC CHANGE

There are two processes which are both called guilt; feelings of remorse and wishes to make reparation which are in the service of development, and persecutory guilt which is experienced as crippling and pervasive but which cannot be mediated by forgiveness or reparation and is sterile and anti-development. The author argues that in adult life these feelings are often not on a continuum but are essentially different internal systems. The main drivers for the acquisition and maintenance of persecutory guilt are discussed. Persecutory guilt is a considerable obstacle to internal change and needs to be replaced by the feelings which lead towards reparation if there is to be progress; such progress can be disallowed because the patient feels too worthless to be reprieved. The paper uses examples from a psychotherapy group to illustrate the points.
Working memory and (second) language processing

This chapter discusses the interactions between two of the most important human cognitive functions: memory and language. First, the concept of working memory is introduced, along with a brief summary of the evolutions that working memory theory has undergone in the last decades. The second part of the chapter focuses on the role of (verbal) working memory in language acquisition and processing. It is argued that working memory, and especially the ability to temporarily represent serial-order information, is crucially involved in both native and foreign word learning, and perhaps also in sentence and text comprehension. The third and final part of the chapter explores the other direction of the interaction, by questioning whether language processing can influence working memory functioning. This question is addressed with recent behavioral and neurological evidence for a general executive control advantage in bilinguals, which makes a strong case for the trainability of some aspects of working memory.
Metric tree‐like structures in real‐world networks: an empirical study

Based on solid theoretical foundations, we present strong evidence that a number of real‐world networks, taken from different domains (such as Internet measurements, biological data, web graphs, and social and collaboration networks) exhibit tree‐like structures from a metric point of view. We investigate a few graph parameters, namely, the tree‐distortion and the tree‐stretch, the tree‐length and the tree‐breadth, Gromov's hyperbolicity, the cluster‐diameter and the cluster‐radius in a layering partition of a graph; such parameters capture and quantify this phenomenon of being metrically close to a tree. By bringing all those parameters together, we provide efficient means for detecting such metric tree‐like structures in large‐scale networks. We also show how such structures can be used. For example, they are helpful in efficient and compact encoding of approximate distance and almost shortest path information and in quick and accurate estimation of diameters and radii of those networks. Estimating the diameter and estimating the radius of a graph (or distances between arbitrary vertices) are fundamental primitives in many network and graph mining algorithms. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 67(1), 49–68 2016
It’s Not You, It’s Me

Much research focuses on the formation of antifat attitudes, but an understanding of antifat bias is incomplete without incorporating self-perceptions. We tested a model in which self-perceptions influenced stereotyping of the same target shown as obese versus thin via antifat attitudes. Participants rated six targets, two of which were the same individual before and after weight loss. Questionnaires assessed participants’ self-perceptions and antifat bias. Multiple group path analysis indicated participants’ body mass index positively predicted greater perceived body size in men and women, though the relationship was stronger for women. Greater perceived body size predicted decreased antifat attitudes, while greater body shame and beliefs about personal control predicted increased antifat attitudes. Antifat attitudes predicted greater negative stereotyping of the target when shown as obese relative to thin. These findings point toward the importance of self-perception in the stigmatization of others and the need to include self-acceptance in weight-bias interventions.
Water Quality Improvement through Bioretention: Lead, Copper, and Zinc Removal

Intensive automobile use, weathering of building materials, and atmospheric deposition contribute lead, copper, zinc, and other heavy metals to urban and roadway runoff. Bioretention is a low‐impact‐development best management practice that has the potential to improve stormwater quality from developed areas. The practice represents a soil, sand, organic matter, and vegetation‐based storage and infiltration facility used in parking lots and on individual lots to treat runoff. Investigations using pilot‐plant laboratory bioretention systems and two existing bioretention facilities documented their effectiveness at removing low levels of lead, copper, and zinc from synthetic stormwater runoff. Removal rates of these metals (based on concentration and total mass) were excellent, reaching close to 100% for all metals under most conditions, with effluent copper and lead levels mostly less than 5 μg/L and zinc less than 25 μg/L. Somewhat less removal was noted for shallow bioretention depths. Runoff pH, duration, intensity, and pollutant concentrations were varied, and all had minimal effect on removal. The two field investigations generally supported the laboratory studies. Overall, excellent removal of dissolved heavy metals can be expected through bioretention infiltration. Although the accumulation of metals is a concern, buildup problems are not anticipated for more than 15 years because of the low metal concentrations expected in runoff.