Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Screw Fixation versus Casting in the Treatment of Acute Jones Fractures

Background There is considerable variability in the literature concerning the optimal treatment of acute Jones fractures. Hypothesis Early surgical fixation of acute Jones fractures will result in shorter times to union and return to athletics compared with cast treatment. Study Design Randomized controlled clinical trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods Eighteen patients were randomized to cast treatment, and 19 patients were randomized to screw fixation. Success of treatment and the times to union and return to sports were calculated for each patient. Results Mean follow-up was 25.3 months (range, 15-42 months). Eight of 18 (44%) in the cast group were considered treatment failures: 5 nonunions, 1 delayed union, and 2 refractures. One of 19 patients in the surgery group was considered a treatment failure. For the surgery group, the median times to union and return to sports were 7.5 and 8.0 weeks, respectively. For the cast group, the median times were 14.5 and 15.0 weeks, respectively. The Mann-Whitney test showed a statistically significant difference between the groups in both parameters, with P <. 001. Conclusion There is a high incidence (44%) of failure after cast treatment of acute Jones fractures. Early screw fixation results in quicker times to union and return to sports compared with cast treatment.
Hindfoot Instability in Cavovarus Deformity: Static and Dynamic Balancing

Background: Chronic lateral ankle instability has been associated with varus deformity of the hindfoot, hyperactivity of the peroneus longus muscle, and insufficiency of the lateral ligaments. Many operative procedures have been described to correct this problem, but instability can recur if all contributing components are not treated. The purpose of this study was to offer an approach in the diagnosis and treatment of recurrent lateral ankle instability. Methods: Eight consecutive patients (nine feet) were treated for recurrent chronic lateral ankle instability. The average age at surgery was 25 (range 8 to 37) years. All patients had prior operative procedures that failed and had persistent pain and functional instability of the ankle joint. After clinical and radiographic examination, lateralizing calcaneal osteotomy to correct the structured varus deformity and peroneus longus to peroneus brevis tendon transfer to add dynamic correction were done in all patients. A Broström ligament reconstruction was added in four feet. All patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically at an average followup of 37 months. Preoperatively and postoperatively patients were evaluated by means of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Score. Results: All patients were satisfied with the operation. The overall AOFAS-Score improved from 57 points preoperatively to 87 points postoperatively. Hindfoot alignment was restored to a valgus position at final evaluation. Conclusions: Recurrent chronic lateral ankle instability often is associated with chronic hindfoot malalignment and leads to functional impairment and patient discomfort. Clinical examination should determine the causes of instability. Varus malalignment of the hindfoot, hyperactivity of the peroneus longus muscle, and insufficiency of the lateral ligaments should be assessed and treated in a combined operative procedure to correct structured, static and dynamic components of the instability. The preliminary results of this particular approach are encouraging.
Polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides and neurodevelopment

Purpose of review Although environmental levels of polychlorinated biphenyls and certain organochlorine pesticides – hexachlorobenzene, dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane and its primary metabolite, dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene – are generally on the decline, early-life exposures to these prevalent contaminants continue. The review will describe current understanding of the potential neurodevelopmental consequences of low-level exposures to these contaminants. Recent findings Animal models suggest that early-life exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls, dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane/dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene or hexachlorobenzene are associated with decreased cognitive or behavioral function in later development. Despite almost 30 years of research, however, results of human studies are inconsistent regarding the nature of the observed effects and their persistence over time. Overall, epidemiologic studies support modest associations of primarily prenatal polychlorinated biphenyl exposures with differences in neuromotor development, decrements in cognition and behavioral deficits, particularly regarding attention and impulse control. There are limited published human data regarding potential neurodevelopmental toxicities of early-life exposures to dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane/dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene and hexachlorobenzene. Summary Exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls, dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane/dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene and hexachlorobenzene are likely detrimental to neurodevelopment. Effective control of exposure is complicated by variable exposure sources and variable contaminant levels in food, particularly fish, for which it is important to balance the risk of contaminants with nutritional benefits.
Perception of Internet Users and Marketers on Internet Marketing Activities: Malaysia Perspective

The main objective of this research is to study the perception of internet users and marketers on internet marketing in terms of communication, distribution and transaction activities in Malaysia. The data were analysed based on mean and standard deviation using SPSS. To test the model fit, all the data were analysed using AMOS. Two group of samples were collected, internet users and marketers. One hundred samples from each group were collected. The analysis of internet user and marketer's sample shows that even it is not a perfect fit model, however, this study shows that communication, transaction and distribution factors have positively impact on the internet marketing.
The Politics of Infrastructural Projects: A Case for Evidence-Based Policymaking

Many developing countries currently face tightening fiscal constraints as a result of the global financial crisis and associated reduction in both credit and demand. Policymarkers therefore have less fiscal space within which to undertake projects, so the opportunity cost of any misallocation of resources will be correspondingly higher. There is therefore an increasing need to rely more on evidence-based policymaking (EBPM). The is particularly so for large infrastructural projects, as these tend to be costly, and especially for transportation projects as these are particularly prone to result in sub-optimal outcomes. This paper examines the policy process for the implementation of the Jamaican Highway 2000, one of the largest and most costly infrastructure projects in Jamaica in recent years. A number of primary and secondary data sources were explored to ascertain the extent to which the decision to implement the project reflects a case for evidence-based decision-making in practice. This made it clear that the decision was taken at least partly on political grounds, largely in the absence of any supportive evidence, and on the basis of over-optimistic and unrealistic assumptions, and that this has created a number of serious, long-term challenges for Jamaica.
Involvement: Travel motivation and destination selection

Researchers and marketers are interested in understanding and predicting the complex behaviours of consumers. One important facet of consumer behaviour is the ‘involvement’ construct. Involvement is ‘a person’s perceived relevance of the object based on inherent needs, values, and interests’. 1 This study examined the interplay between the involvement construct and push/pull factors as motivators in destination selection. Clements and Josiam 2 found that college students who had travelled during the Spring Break vacation had significantly higher levels of involvement than non-travellers. This study surveyed 795 college students during their Spring Break vacation at the beach in Panama City Beach, Florida. Vacationers were found to be highly involved with the concept of travelling on Spring Break. As hypothesised, high levels of involvement were significantly associated with push factors relevant to travel to beachfront destinations on Spring Break. High levels of involvement were also significanlty associated with the pull factors of Panama City Beach, Florida, as a popular beachfront destination for Spring Breakers.
Jumping Improves Hip and Lumbar Spine Bone Mass in Prepubescent Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Physical activity during childhood is advocated as one strategy for enhancing peak bone mass (bone mineral content [BMC]) as a means to reduce osteoporosis‐related fractures. Thus, we investigated the effects of high‐intensity jumping on hip and lumbar spine bone mass in children. Eighty‐nine prepubescent children between the ages of 5.9 and 9.8 years were randomized into a jumping (n = 25 boys and n = 20 girls) or control group (n = 26 boys and n = 18 girls). Both groups participated in the 7‐month exercise intervention during the school day three times per week. The jumping group performed 100, two‐footed jumps off 61‐cm boxes each session, while the control group performed nonimpact stretching exercises. BMC (g), bone area (BA; cm2), and bone mineral density (BMD; g/cm2) of the left proximal femoral neck and lumbar spine (L1‐L4) were assessed by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA; Hologic QDR/4500‐A). Peak ground reaction forces were calculated across 100, two‐footed jumps from a 61‐cm box. In addition, anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, and body fat), physical activity, and dietary calcium intake were assessed. At baseline there were no differences between groups for anthropometric characteristics, dietary calcium intake, or bone variables. After 7 months, jumpers and controls had similar increases in height, weight, and body fat. Using repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA; covariates, initial age and bone values, and changes in height and weight) for BMC, the primary outcome variable, jumpers had significantly greater 7‐month changes at the femoral neck and lumbar spine than controls (4.5% and 3.1%, respectively). In repeated measures ANCOVA of secondary outcomes (BMD and BA), BMD at the lumbar spine was significantly greater in jumpers than in controls (2.0%) and approached statistical significance at the femoral neck (1.4%; p = 0.085). For BA, jumpers had significantly greater increases at the femoral neck area than controls (2.9%) but were not different at the spine. Our data indicate that jumping at ground reaction forces of eight times body weight is a safe, effective, and simple method of improving bone mass at the hip and spine in children. This program could be easily incorporated into physical education classes.
Burnout and quality of life in nurses of a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship of burnout and quality of life among nurses of different departments at a tertiary care hospital. METHODS The observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from November 2013 to May2014, and comprised nurses recruited by convenience sampling. Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to assess burnout and World Health Organisation Quality of life instrument's BREF version was used to assess quality of life of the subjects. Data was analysed using SPSS 16. RESULTS Of the 106 nurses with a mean age of 35.5±7 years, 83(79%) were experiencing severe burnout and a low quality of life. Nurses of Surgery and Obstetrics/Gynaecology departments who worked longer hours on the night shift scored higher on burnout and lower on quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Burnout in nurses was very common because of increasing workload and can negatively affect their quality of life leading to compromised patient care.
Effect of Sublethal Dose of Diflubenzuron and Azadirachtin on Various Life Table Attributes of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

ABSTRACT The exposure of sublethal doses (25% emergence inhibition) of diflubenzuron (DFB) (0.0002 mg/liter) and azadirachtin (AZD; 0.0079 mg/liter) insect growth regulators was provided to late third—early fourth instars of Culex quinquefasciatus till emergence of adults to find out the effects on various biological and life table attributes of adults, and comparison was made with control (CTL) as well. Life expectancy of both males and females of DFB survivors was significantly less in comparison with AZD and CTL ones; however, it was nonsignificantly different between CTL and AZD. In all treatments, males were shorter lived than females of their respective treatments. DFB survivors showed significant reduction in number of blood-fed females, resulting in minimum of oviposition days, total number of egg rafts, total number of eggs, eggs per egg raft, eggs per female life span, and eggs per female per day than survivors of both AZD and CTL significantly, but these parameters did not differ significantly between CTL and AZD, except eggs per egg raft. The net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, and finite rate of increase were significantly less in DFB than rest of the survivors, whereas doubling time for generation was significantly high; however, difference in mean generation was not significant among them. This study reveals that DFB has the potency to affect severely the various life table attributes at sublethal dose, but AZD does not have such effectiveness at similar sublethal dose against Cx. quinquefasciatus.
Design and implementation of a filtenna with wide beamwidth for Q-Band Millimeter-Wave short range wireless communications

An integrated millimeter wave filtenna is proposed for Q-band indoor short range wireless communications (IEEE 802.11aj). Comprising of a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) filter and a printed angled dipole with a reflector, the proposed filtenna performs a bandpass response over 43.5-47GHz and the wide beamwidth larger than 120° in main cuts. The proposed filtenna and its counterpart without the filter are simulated, fabricated, and measured. By comparing the measured return loss and radiation patterns between the filtenna and the original antenna, it is concluded that the performance of the filtenna is kept nearly no change within the operating frequency band while the out of band signal is effectively filtered.
The Cultural Dynamics of Rewarding Honesty and Punishing Deception

Recent research suggests that individuals reward honesty more than they punish deception. Five experiments showed that different patterns of rewards and punishments emerge for North American and East Asian cultures. Experiment 1 demonstrated that Americans rewarded more than they punished, whereas East Asians rewarded and punished in equivalent amounts. Experiments 2 and 3 revealed that these divergent patterns by culture could be explained by greater social mobility experienced by Americans. Experiments 4 and 5 examined how certain consequences of social mobility, approach—avoidance behavioral motivations and trust and felt obligation, can lead to disparate reward and punishment decisions within the two cultures. Moreover, Experiment 4 revealed that Americans exhibited stronger evaluative reactions toward deception but stronger behavioral intentions toward honesty; East Asians did not exhibit this evaluative—behavioral asymmetry. The cross-cultural implications for understanding rewards and punishments in an increasingly globalized world are discussed.
Political marketing ‐ vive la différence!

Suggests that insufficient attention has been given to the significant differences between political and product or service marketing. The rise in awareness of political marketing has coincided with a decline of party membership in Britain and an increased distance between party and voter. Considers the relationships between party leader, brand image, exposure and awareness. Notes the current absence of predictive and prescriptive theories of political marketing action, and the relative significance of exogeneous factors in electoral success. Crossovers between conventional marketing, political science and political marketing are identified for future study.
Accurate design of Two-Phase Voltage Doublers based on a compact mathematical model

A novel accurate mathematical model to be applied in the steady-state analysis of Two-Phase Voltage Doubler circuits is presented. The use of this model in combination with numerical software tools provides a full understanding about the voltage doubler's steady-state output behavior while, at the same time, accelerates and simplifies the design process of such circuits in comparison with the use of classical parametric SPICE-based simulations. Numerically simulated results show that the proposed model is closer to the SPICE-based simulation data than already developed models, offering less than 1% of relative error over a wide range of working load conditions.
Aboriginal Interpretation in Australian Wildlife Tourism

This paper evaluates Aboriginal cultural interpretation at wildlife attractions and on wildlife tours in Australia. The sites included 14 wildlife parks or zoos; three Aboriginal-owned emu or crocodile farms; and 16 wildlife tours, river cruises or resorts with Indigenous interpretation of wildlife. Telephone interviews were conducted with 35 managers (nine Indigenous) and 26 Indigenous staff at wildlife attractions that included verbal or written Aboriginal wildlife interpretation. The Indigenous guides verbally presented both traditional uses and personal stories about Australian wildlife followed by Aboriginal ‘Dreaming’ or creation stories about totemic animal species. Non-Indigenous staff explained traditional Aboriginal uses of wildlife followed by biological facts and species information. The responses in this study thus highlight cultural differences in animal attitudes and approaches to wildlife use or interpretation. According to staff, tourists benefit from the inclusion of Aboriginal interpretation at wildlife sites by broadening their mind, dispelling myths, learning/education about Aboriginal cultures, novelty and excitement for visitors, increasing cultural awareness and developing more positive attitudes towards Indigenous people. Some guidelines for wildlife attractions and tours to develop and present Aboriginal cultural interpretation of Australian wildlife are also identified.
The Effective Cash Flow Method

future cash flows can be compressed into a single set of cash flows with identical price/OAS characteristics. Once the effective cash flow set has been constructed, OAS is calculated directly from the Treasury term structure without using stochastic analysis. The effective cash flow method requires that the cash flows of a security do not depend upon its OAS. This makes sense when we regard OAS as a rich/cheap index rather than an implied credit spread. ' We allow cash flows to depend upon estimated credit spreads or default probabilities but not upon whether the security they represent is currently rich or cheap. In other words, two indwiduals purchasing the same security at different prices receive identical future cash flows. At e x h future cash flow date, the effective cash flow method combines possible cash flows into a single scalar cash flow. The effective cash flow is the expected present value of these possible future cash flows divided by the present value of $1. This calculation is repeated at each cash flow date to construct a set of effective cash flows. OAS is the spread over the riskless spot or forward rate curve that makes the discounted present value of the effective cash flows equal to the market value (market price plus accrued interest) of the security at settlement. The effective cash flow method is compatible with deterministic calculations for the present value and OAS of securities with fixed cash flows2 In other words, whenever we apply stochastic methods developed for complex securities with uncertain cash flows T future cash flows. The basic idea is that uncertain
A Cohesin-Independent Role for NIPBL at Promoters Provides Insights in CdLS

The cohesin complex is crucial for chromosome segregation during mitosis and has recently also been implicated in transcriptional regulation and chromatin architecture. The NIPBL protein is required for the loading of cohesin onto chromatin, but how and where cohesin is loaded in vertebrate cells is unclear. Heterozygous mutations of NIPBL were found in 50% of the cases of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS), a human developmental syndrome with a complex phenotype. However, no defects in the mitotic function of cohesin have been observed so far and the links between NIPBL mutations and the observed developmental defects are unclear. We show that NIPBL binds to chromatin in somatic cells with a different timing than cohesin. Further, we observe that high-affinity NIPBL binding sites localize to different regions than cohesin and almost exclusively to the promoters of active genes. NIPBL or cohesin knockdown reduce transcription of these genes differently, suggesting a cohesin-independent role of NIPBL for transcription. Motif analysis and comparison to published data show that NIPBL co-localizes with a specific set of other transcription factors. In cells derived from CdLS patients NIPBL binding levels are reduced and several of the NIPBL-bound genes have previously been observed to be mis-expressed in CdLS. In summary, our observations indicate that NIPBL mutations might cause developmental defects in different ways. First, defects of NIPBL might lead to cohesin-loading defects and thereby alter gene expression and second, NIPBL deficiency might affect genes directly via its role at the respective promoters.
Controlling ambient information flow between smart objects with a mobile mixed-reality interface

In this work we present a method to intuitively issue control over devices in smart environments, to display data that smart objects and sensors provide, and to create and manipulate flows of information in smart environments. This makes it easy to customize smart environments by linking arbitrary data sources to various display modalities on the fly. Touchscreen smartphones - as readily available multi-purpose devices - are used to overlay real objects with virtual controls. We evaluated this system with a first qualitative user study.
A New Control Method of Interleaved Single-Stage Flyback AC–DC Converter for Outdoor LED Lighting Systems

In outdoor light-emitting diode (LED) lighting systems, there are a lot of applications. Depending on the output power rating, the power stage to drive an LED can be classified into single-stage and two-stage structures. The single-stage structure is for low-power LED lighting applications. However, it is difficult to apply at over 60-70 W of output power because of its low efficiency and huge transformer at high power. On the other hand, the two-stage structure is usually used for high power applications. However, it is undesirable to cover wide output power range because of its poor power factor (PF) under the light load condition. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a new pulse duty cycle control method with pulse frequency modulation for an interleaved single-stage flyback ac-dc converter. The proposed converter provides high efficiency under heavy loads with low ac line condition and under light loads with high ac line condition. In addition, the proposed converter shows high PF and low total harmonic distortion even when the output power is very low. As a result, a single LED ac-dc converter can cover wide power range for outdoor LED lighting applications. To verify the validity of the proposed converter, an 81-W prototype converter has been implemented and experimented on.