Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Driver alert state and fatigue detection by salient points analysis

Assessing a driver's state of awarness and fatigue is especially important to reduce the number of traffic accidents often involving bus and truck drivers, who must work during several hours under monotonous road conditions. Two main challenges arise in resolving the state of alert: first, the system must be capable of detecting the driver's face location; secondly, the driver's facial cues, such as blinking, yawning, and eyebrow rising must be recognized. Our approach combines the well-known Viola-Jones face detector with motion analysis of Shi-Tomasi salient features within the face to determine the driver's state of alert. The location of the eyes and blinking are cues whose detection is also important. To this end, the proposed method takes advantage of the high reflectivity of the retina to near infrared illumination employing a camera with an 850 nm wavelength filter. Motion analysis of the salient points, in particular cluster mass centers and spatial distribution, has proved successful in determining the driver's state of alert.
Belief reinforcement: one reason why costs for low back pain have not decreased

Recent figures show that there has been no change in the upward trend of direct and indirect costs for the largely benign symptom of low back pain in Western societies. This is despite greater understanding and the recommendation of a much more conservative and independent approach to its management. Moreover, in recent years, several large-scale education programs that aim to bring knowledge of the public (including general practitioners) more in line with evidence-based best practice were carried out in different countries. The hope was that the information imparted would change beliefs, ie, dysfunctional patient behavior and biomedical practice on the part of clinicians. However, these programs had no influence on behavior or costs in three out of the four countries in which they were implemented. It is argued that one reason for the overall lack of success is that it is extremely difficult to alter the potentially disabling belief among the lay public that low back pain has a structural mechanical cause. An important reason for this is that this belief continues to be regularly reinforced by the conditions of care of a range of “hands-on” providers, for whom idiosyncratic variations of that view are fundamental to their professional existence.
Complexity of partial satisfaction

A conjunctive normal form (cnf) is 2-satisfiable, iff any 2 of its clauses are satisfiable. It is shown that every 2-satisfiable cnf s has an interpretation which satisfies at least h¿length(s) clauses (h=(√5-1)/2∼0.618). This result is optimal, insofar as the given constant h is maximal. The proof is polynomially constructive, i.e., it yields a polynomial algorithm, which computes an interpretation satisfying h¿length(s) clauses for the 2-satisfiable cnf's s. Moreover, if h¿h' and h' is e.g. algebraic, the following set is NP-complete: The 2-satisfiable cnf's s having an interpretation which satisfies at least h'¿length(s) clauses.
RSLpred: an integrative system for predicting subcellular localization of rice proteins combining compositional and evolutionary information

The attainment of complete map‐based sequence for rice (Oryza sativa) is clearly a major milestone for the research community. Identifying the localization of encoded proteins is the key to understanding their functional characteristics and facilitating their purification. Our proposed method, RSLpred, is an effort in this direction for genome‐scale subcellular prediction of encoded rice proteins. First, the support vector machine (SVM)‐based modules have been developed using traditional amino acid‐, dipeptide‐ (i+1) and four parts‐amino acid composition and achieved an overall accuracy of 81.43, 80.88 and 81.10%, respectively. Secondly, a similarity search‐based module has been developed using position‐specific iterated‐basic local alignment search tool and achieved 68.35% accuracy. Another module developed using evolutionary information of a protein sequence extracted from position‐specific scoring matrix achieved an accuracy of 87.10%. In this study, a large number of modules have been developed using various encoding schemes like higher‐order dipeptide composition, N‐ and C‐terminal, splitted amino acid composition and the hybrid information. In order to benchmark RSLpred, it was tested on an independent set of rice proteins where it outperformed widely used prediction methods such as TargetP, Wolf‐PSORT, PA‐SUB, Plant‐Ploc and ESLpred. To assist the plant research community, an online web tool ‘RSLpred’ has been developed for subcellular prediction of query rice proteins, which is freely accessible at http://www.imtech. res.in/raghava/rslpred.
Frequency control of isolated wind and diesel hybrid MicroGrid power system by using fuzzy logic controllers and PID controllers

This paper presents a new application of fuzzy logic (FL) to1 an isolated network with a High Penetration, no-storage wind-diesel (HPNSWD) system. As a result of a study referring the behavior of an isolated electric system facing frequency disturbances, a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) was developed to improve the system´s dynamic performance. The validity of the proposed controller is evaluated by computer analysis using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The simulation results demonstrated that a small-scale wind turbine generation unit can be freely operated in an isolated distribution network without creating violation in power balance and voltage profile. The effectiveness of the fuzzy logic controller is then compared with that of a proportional-integral-and differential (PID) controller.
Efficacy of Procarbazine, Lomustine, and Vincristine Chemotherapy for Recurrent Primary Central Nervous System Lymphomas

Background Optimal treatment for recurrent primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) has not been defined yet and there is no general consensus about the salvage chemotherapy after high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX)-based chemotherapy. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy for recurrent PCNSLs. Methods We reviewed eight immunocompetent patients (five males/three females, mean age: 56 years) who received salvage PCV chemotherapy (procarbazine 60 mg/m2, days 8 through 21: CCNU 110 mg/m2, day 1: vincristine 2 mg, days 8 and 28) for recurrent PCNSL and two patients switched to PCV chemotherapy due to severe adverse effects of HD-MTX chemotherapy. Radiologic responses, survival, and adverse effects were analyzed. Results Of the eight recurrent PCNSLs, three patients (37.5%) showed radiologic complete response, one patient (12.5%) showed partial response, and four patients (50%) showed progressive disease after PCV chemotherapy. Median progression free survival (PFS) from the first administration of PCV to relapse or last follow-up was 7 months (range 5-32 months) and median overall survival was 8 months (range 2-41 months). The two patients who switched to PCV chemotherapy showed PFS of 9 and 5 months from the beginning of PCV to relapse. The common side effects were thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and peripheral neuropathy. There were 4 grade III or IV myelo-suppression, but no fatal complications, including severe hemorrhage or infection, were observed. Conclusion Salvage PCV chemotherapy has a moderate anti-lymphoma activity for recurrent PCNSLs after the HD-MTX-based chemotherapy with tolerable toxicity.
Performance and Cost Tradeoffs in Web Search

Web search engines crawl the web to fetch the data that they index. In this paper we re-examine that need, and evaluate the network costs associated with data acquisition, and alternative ways in which a search service might be supported. As a concrete example, we make use of the Research Finder search service provided at http://rf.panopticsearch. com, and information derived from its crawl and query logs. Based upon an analysis of the Research Finder system we introduce a hybrid arrangement, in which queries are evaluated partially by reference to a centrally maintained index representing a subset of the collection, and partially by referring them on to the local search services maintained by the balance of the collection. We also examine various ways in which crawling costs can be reduced.
Schrödinger operators with δ- and δ′-interactions on Lipschitz surfaces and chromatic numbers of associated partitions

We investigate Schrodinger operators with δ- and δ′-interactions supported on hypersurfaces, which separate the Euclidean space into finitely many bounded and unbounded Lipschitz domains. It turns out that the combinatorial properties of the partition and the spectral properties of the corresponding operators are related. As the main result, we prove an operator inequality for the Schrodinger operators with δ- and δ′-interactions which is based on an optimal coloring and involves the chromatic number of the partition. This inequality implies various relations for the spectra of the Schrodinger operators and, in particular, it allows to transform known results for Schrodinger operators with δ-interactions to Schrodinger operators with δ′-interactions.
Streamflow Hydrology Estimate Using Machine Learning (SHEM)

Continuity and accuracy of near real‐time streamflow gauge (streamgage) data are critical for flood forecasting, assessing imminent risk, and implementing flood mitigation activities. Without these data, decision makers and first responders are limited in their ability to effectively allocate resources, implement evacuations to save lives, and reduce property losses. The Streamflow Hydrology Estimate using Machine Learning (SHEM) is a new predictive model for providing accurate and timely proxy streamflow data for inoperative streamgages. SHEM relies on machine learning (“training”) to process and interpret large volumes (“big data”) of historic complex hydrologic information. Continually updated with real‐time streamflow data, the model constructs a virtual dataset index of correlations and groups (clusters) of relationship correlations between selected streamgages in a watershed and under differing flow conditions. Using these datasets, SHEM interpolates estimated discharge and time data for any indexed streamgage that stops transmitting data. These estimates are continuously tested, scored, and revised using multiple regression analysis processes and methodologies. The SHEM model was tested in Idaho and Washington in four diverse watersheds, and the model's estimates were then compared to the actual recorded data for the same time period. Results from all watersheds revealed a high correlation, validating both the degree of accuracy and reliability of the model.
Carcass composition and mammary development responses to photoperiod and plane of nutrition in Holstein heifers.

Twenty prepubertal heifers (averaging 155 kg body weight) were assigned to one of four treatment groups in an experiment of 2 X 2 factorial design. The main effects were photoperiods of 8 h light:16 h dark (8L:16D) vs 16L:8D, and LOW vs HIGH plane of nutrition. Heifers on the LOW plane of nutrition were fed to achieve a growth rate of approximately . 7 kg/d; daily feed intake was restricted with no orts and was identical in both groups of heifers subjected to either 8 or 16 h of light daily. Heifers on the HIGH plane of nutrition were fed ad libitum to achieve a growth rate greater than 1 kg/d. All heifers were slaughtered during the luteal phase of an estrous cycle at an average body weight of 337, 334, 360 and 349 kg for 8L:16D-LOW plane, 16L:8D-LOW plane, 8L:16D-HIGH plane and 16L:8D-HIGH plane groups, respectively. Average time on treatment was 233, 236, 206 and 181 d and average estimated carcass weight gain was . 39, . 40, . 55 and . 61 kg/d, respectively. Within LOW or HIGH planes of nutrition, photoperiod did not affect live body weight gains. A photoperiod of 16L:8D, compared with 8L:16D, increased protein content in the 9-10-11th rib section of heifers on HIGH nutrition (16.2 vs 14.6%), but not in heifers fed the LOW plane of nutrition (15.5 vs 16.1%). However, within 8L:16D groups, HIGH plane reduced rib section protein content as compared with LOW plane of nutrition (14.6 vs 16.1%); there was no difference observed within 16L:8D groups. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Modeling Co-Existing Business Scenarios with Time Series Panel Data

Due to customer segmentation, multiple types of dynamic business scenarios (business-as-usual, escalation, hysteresis, and evolving business practice; Dekimpe and Hanssens 1999) may co-exist within a single product market. The authors develop an approach to model this phenomenon with time series panel data. Unit-root tests are used to group panelists by whether or not outcome (e.g., sales) and marketing activity (e.g., advertising, promotion) variables are stationary or evolving. This produces four clusters corresponding to each business scenario. Next, panel-data vector autoregressive models appropriate for each panelist cluster are estimated to assess the dynamics and the magnitude of the response to marketing effort. The approach is applied to physician panel data on drug prescriptions and direct-to-physician promotions. Estimation results show markedly different response dynamics (as captured by impulse response functions) and elasticities across the physician groups. The approach also produces better in-sample and holdout fits than pooled data models. For firms that track customer-level marketing activity and response over time, a segmentation based on dynamic business scenarios provides a new tool for targeting and efficient marketing resource allocation.
Significant decrease of IgE antibodies after a three-year controlled study of specific immunotherapy to pollen allergens in children with allergic asthma.

BACKGROUND Specific immunotherapy (SIT) in children being not an optional treatment should be administered as soon as possible, also in children aged 2-3 years, due to the very early asthma and rhinitis onset, contrarily to opponents continuing to stress the danger of anaphylactic reactions without displaying reliable data. MATERIALS AND METHODS We report 56 children who underwent SIT and 56 controls seen consecutevely at the Allergy and Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rome "La Sapienza". The control group was treated with all appropriate medications. RESULTS They were highly in favor of SIT with statistically significant differences. We stress that IgE antibodies significantly decreased after treatment only in the study group, and IgG antibodies very significantly increased after treatment only in the study group. DISCUSSION We demonstrate that SIT is the only treatment which can alter the natural course of respiratory diseases, whereas drugs represent only a symptomatic treatment.
Cell Stress Gives a Red Light to the Mitochondrial Cell Death Pathway

Although the ultimate outcome of prolonged exposure of cells to stress is often death, the early response appears to be the activation of survival pathways that are likely to give the cell an opportunity to repair low-level damage. How these stress-initiated survival pathways influence B cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 (Bcl-2) proteins, the core cell death machinery, has remained unclear; however, two papers now provide insight into stress-mediated survival mechanisms. The liver is unusually resistant to p53-mediated apoptosis. It appears that p53-mediated induction of the gene that encodes insulin-like growth factor–binding protein-1 (IGFBP1) attenuates the cell death response in hepatocytes by preventing the formation of a complex between p53 and the proapoptotic protein BAK. This is especially interesting as IGFBP1 is not a member of the Bcl-2 family, yet it inhibited BAK. In three unrelated cell lines, another regulatory interaction that influences cell survival occurs at the mitochondria. In this case, protein phosphatase 1γ (PP1γ) regulated the phosphorylation status of the Bcl-2/Bcl-XL–associated death promoter (BAD). The prefoldin family member URI is normally phosphorylated by S6 kinase 1, which liberates PP1γ from a URI-PP1γ complex. However, the withdrawal of growth factors or nutrients stabilizes this complex, which renders PP1γ inactive. The net response of this stress stimulus is an increased abundance of phosphorylated BAD, which raises the threshold required to trigger cell death. These two studies have identified new players and mechanisms that integrate stress responses and cell death.
SIMPLEX: Symbol-Level Information Multiplex

Internet of Things (IoT) heavily relies on wireless communication to interconnect various sensors and hubs. This paper proposes a symbol-level information multiplexing mechanism (SIMPLEX) that exploits link margin in wireless networks to minimize channel underutilization. Multiplexing is achieved by carrying extra information through a type of specially designed symbols inserted. The key enabler of the inserting and detecting such specially symbols is a per-bit channel assessment scheme that hierarchically estimates the error probability of a received symbol. On the GNU SDR testbed experiments, SIMPLEX shows an accuracy of 97% in recognizing the special symbols in demultiplexing. By varying the frequency domain indices of such specially symbols and their positions on I-Q constellation map, SIMPLEX provides a series of multiplexing rates that carry different amount of extra information. We also design an adaptive multiplexing rate selection scheme to dynamically achieve optimal exploitation of link margin upon instant channel conditions, which can find the optimal multiplexing rates over 90% of the time on the testbed. Multiplexing throughput gain has been theoretically derived and empirically validated of high accuracy with only a negligible deviation to experiment results. A throughput gain can be obtained as much as up to 55%.
Intelligent Agents for Rehabilitation and Care of Disabled and Chronic Patients

The number of people with disabilities is continuously increasing. Providing patients who have disabilities with the rehabilitation and care necessary to allow them good quality of life creates overwhelming demands for health and rehabilitation services. We suggest that advancements in intelligent agent technology provide new opportunities for improving the provided services. We will discuss the challenges of building an agent for the health care domain and present four capabilities that are required for an agent in the health care domain: planning, monitoring, intervention and encouragement. We will discuss the importance of personalizing all of them and the needto facilitate cooperation between the automated agent and the human care givers. We will review recent technology that can be used toward the development of agents that can have these capabilities and their promise in automating services such as physiotherapy, speech therapy and cognitive training.
A CASE OF DISSEMINATED TUBERCULOSIS TREATED WITH MARMOREK'S SERUM

The conclasion to be drawn from these cases of late and negative reaction to v. Pirquet's test is that the vigour of the reaction varies directly with the vigour of the patient and inversely with the amount of tuberculous infection. Where the general vigour is only slightly impaired a rapid and intense reaction is obtained. The most intense reactions 1 obtained were among the cases of osseous and joint tuberculosis, and also of pleural effusion. But where the vigour of the patient is low and the disease is widespread or complicated, the reaction is late in appearance and feeble or is absent altogether. With regard to the same point in the ophthalmo-reaction there is some difference of opinion. That will be discussed later. But in v. Pirquet's reaction the whole evidence strongly points to the conclusion just reached.
Frameless multimodal image guidance of localized convection-enhanced delivery of therapeutics in the brain

Introduction Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) has been shown to be an effective method of administering macromolecular compounds into the brain that are unable to cross the blood-brain barrier. Because the administration is highly localized, accurate cannula placement by minimally invasive surgery is an important requisite. This paper reports on the use of an angiographic c-arm system which enables truly frameless multimodal image guidance during CED surgery. Methods A microcannula was placed into the striatum of five sheep under real-time fluoroscopic guidance using imaging data previously acquired by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and MRI, enabling three-dimensional navigation. After introduction of the cannula, high resolution CBCT was performed and registered with MRI to confirm the position of the cannula tip and to make adjustments as necessary. Adeno-associated viral vector-10, designed to deliver small-hairpin micro RNA (shRNAmir), was mixed with 2.0 mM gadolinium (Gd) and infused at a rate of 3 μl/min for a total of 100 μl. Upon completion, the animals were transferred to an MR scanner to assess the approximate distribution by measuring the volume of spread of Gd. Results The cannula was successfully introduced under multimodal image guidance. High resolution CBCT enabled validation of the cannula position and Gd-enhanced MRI after CED confirmed localized administration of the therapy. Conclusion A microcannula for CED was introduced into the striatum of five sheep under multimodal image guidance. The non-alloy 300 μm diameter cannula tip was well visualized using CBCT, enabling confirmation of the position of the end of the tip in the area of interest.
Biomechanical analysis of the reaction forces and moments between feet and ground during gait without force plates data

The aim of this work is to prove the viability of inverse dynamics in terms of analysing the reaction forces, which are implicated during the human gait, without the data which can be provided by force plates. This document includes the description of the steps followed to achieve the different goals. An experimental work and the post process of this information are the main phases of the project. Finally, the results will be discussed and analysed in order to overcome different issues in the near future.
Analytical optimal hedging with explicit incorporation of reservoir release and carryover storage targets

This study analytically derives optimal hedging for a water supply reservoir considering balance between beneficial release and carryover storage value. With the reservoir operation goal expressed as a weighted sum of loss functions (i.e., normalized deviations from targets) for current release and carryover storage, the derived optimal hedging is a linear function of water availability. This analytical optimal hedging is generalized to represent two‐point as well as one‐point hedging. The relationship between the weighting factor and the ratio of release target to total target can be used to detect two types of two‐point hedging. A factor called the inverse‐weighted target ratio (composed of a weighting factor and release and carryover storage targets) is developed to simplify derived optimal hedging and distinguish these two types of hedging, which are classified as the factors less than or equal to 1 and greater than or equal to 1, respectively. One‐point hedging is a special case where these two types of two‐point hedging coincide and this factor equals 1. By explicitly incorporating release and carryover storage targets as well as a weighting factor and an exponent of loss functions, effects of these components on reservoir hedging can be evaluated analytically. Since reservoir release is also a linear function of reservoir inflow, analytical assessment of hedging uncertainty induced by inflow is made possible. The proposed methodology is applied to the Shihmen Reservoir in northern Taiwan to illustrate effects of derived optimal hedging on reservoir performance in terms of shortage‐related indices and hedging uncertainty.