Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relative Contributions of Cytochrome CYP3A4 Versus CYP3A5 for CYP3A-Cleared Drugs Assessed In Vitro Using a CYP3A4-Selective Inactivator (CYP3cide)

Metabolism by cytochrome P4503A (CYP3A) is the most prevalent clearance pathway for drugs. Designation of metabolism by CYP3A commonly refers to the potential contribution by one or both of two enzymes, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5. The metabolic turnover of 32 drugs known to be largely metabolized by CYP3A was examined in human liver microsomes (HLMs) from CYP3A5 expressers (*1/*1 genotype) and nonexpressers (*3/*3 genotype) in the presence and absence of ketoconazole and CYP3cide (a selective CYP3A4 inactivator) to calculate the contribution of CYP3A5 to metabolism. Drugs with the highest contribution of CYP3A5 included atazanavir, vincristine, midazolam, vardenafil, otenabant, verapamil, and tacrolimus, whereas 17 of the 32 tested showed negligible CYP3A5 contribution. For specific reactions in HLMs from *1/*1 donors, CYP3A5 contributes 55% and 44% to midazolam 1′- and 4-hydroxylation, 16% to testosterone 6β-hydroxylation, 56% and 19% to alprazolam 1′- and 4-hydroxylation, 10% to tamoxifen N-demethylation, and 58% to atazanavir p-hydroxylation. Comparison of the in vitro observations to clinical pharmacokinetic data showed only a weak relationship between estimated contribution by CYP3A5 and impact of CYP3A5 genotype on oral clearance, in large part because of the scatter in clinical data and the low numbers of study subjects used in CYP3A5 pharmacogenetics studies. These data should be useful in guiding which drugs should be evaluated for differences in pharmacokinetics and metabolism between subjects expressing CYP3A5 and those who do not express this enzyme.
Large-Scale Acquisition of Entailment Pattern Pairs by Exploiting Transitivity

We propose a novel method for acquiring entailment pairs of binary patterns on a large-scale. This method exploits the transitivity of entailment and a self-training scheme to improve the performance of an already strong supervised classifier for entailment, and unlike previous methods that exploit transitivity, it works on a largescale. With it we acquired 138.1 million pattern pairs with 70% precision with such non-trivial lexical substitution as “use Y to distribute X”! “X is available on Y” whose extraction is considered difficult. This represents 50.4 million more pattern pairs (a 57.5% increase) than what our supervised baseline extracted at the same precision.
Mindfulness-Based Heroism: Creating Enlightened Heroes

The field of mindfulness and the emerging science of heroism have a common interest in the causes and conditions of selfless altruism though up to this point there has been little cross-pollination. However, there is increasing evidence that mindfulness training delivers heroically relevant qualities such as increased attentional functioning, enhanced primary sensory awareness, greater conflict monitoring, increased cognitive control, reduced fear response, and an increase in loving kindness and self-sacrificing behaviors. Predicated on the notion of a “no self,” traditional mindfulness and its focus on enlightenment and selfless service may in fact be ideally suited to the development of the elusive “trait” (predictable) versus “state” (intermittent) heroic character. Interweaving observations and questions drawn from the science of heroism, the article explores the relevant theory, practices, and scientific outcomes of mindfulness. It finds that there is evidence that heroically relevant qualities are trainable with the suite of mindfulness techniques and that an enduring experience of selflessness and service of others (the enlightened hero) may well be within the grasp of the serious practitioner.
Jealousy and Equilibrium Overconsumption - Comment

In a paper published recently in this journal, Dupor and Liu (2003) introduced consumption externalities into a static model with endoge- nous labor supply. They show that global jealousy is su¢ cient for overconsumption and excessive work eort compared to the social op- timum. Moreover, using a graphical representation the authors also claim that the overconsumption caused by jealousy is ampli…ed (resp. dampened), if preferences exhibit the property of keeping up with (resp. running away from) the Joneses. In our comment, however, it is shown that the latter assertion lacks general validity by giving two counterex- amples and by introducing the agents'reaction functions.
Enriching Text Summarization using Fuzzy Logic

Automatic Text Summarization is a process of generating Summary/Head note for the text document. Text Summarization is carried out by two main methods, namely, Extraction and Abstraction. This paper utilizes the extraction process for sentence selection. Here some Feature based sentence scoring techniques also used, which played an important role in text summarization. Finally an analysis is done by comparing the Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks techniques based upon the Precision, Recall & F-Measure. Fuzzy Logic rules were used to balance the weights between important and unimportant features based on the feature Extraction. The Experimental result shows that fuzzy Logics give an improving result than the Neural Networks. Keywords— Fuzzy Logic, Neural Network, Sentence Scoring, Feature Extraction, Text Summarization.
The Physical Space of the Classroom and its Impact on Creativity

4 Problem Statement. 5 Introduction. 7 Personal Interest/Relevance. 8 Research Methods.9 Outcome/Purpose. 10 The Current Situation.11 Hierarchy. 15 Defining Creativity. 16 My Definition of Creativity.19 Factors Influencing Creativity. 20 Implications for Practice. 30 Conclusion. 32 References. 34
Comparison of the Regulation of β-Catenin Signaling by Type I, Type II and Type III Interferons in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

Background/Objective IFNs are a group of cytokines that possess potent antiviral and antitumor activities, while β-catenin pathway is a proliferative pathway involved in carcinogenesis. Interaction between these two pathways has not been well elaborated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods HCC cell lines, HepG2 and Huh7, were used in this study. β-catenin protein levels and corresponding signaling activities were observed by flow cytometry and luciferase assay, respectively. Cell proliferation was quantified by counting viable cells under microscope, and apoptosis by TUNEL assay. DKK1 and GSK3β levels were determined by flow cytometry. Secreted DKK1 was tested by ELISA. FLUD, S3I and aDKK1 were used to inhibit STAT1, STAT3 and DKK1 activities, respectively. Results Our findings show that all three types of IFNs, IFNα, IFNγ and IFNλ, are capable of inhibiting β-catenin signaling activity in HepG2 and Huh7 cells, where IFNγ was the strongest (p<0.05). They expressed suppression of cellular proliferation and induced apoptosis. IFNγ expressed greater induction ability when compared to IFNα and IFNλ (p<0.05). All tested IFNs could induce DKK1 activation but not GSK3β in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. IFNs induced STAT1 and STAT3 activation but by using specific inhibitors, we found that only STAT3 is vital for IFN-induced DKK1 activation and apoptosis. In addition, DKK1 inhibitor blocked IFN-induced apoptosis. The pattern of STAT3 activation by different IFNs is found consistent with the levels of apoptosis with the corresponding IFNs (p<0.05). Conclusions In hepatocellular carcinoma, all three types of IFNs are found to induce apoptosis by inhibiting β-catenin signaling pathway via a STAT3- and DKK1-dependent pathway. This finding points to a cross-talk between different IFN types and β-catenin signaling pathways which might be carrying a biological effect not only on HCC, but also on processes where the two pathways bridge.
Surface Protein IsdC and Sortase B Are Required for Heme-Iron Scavenging of Bacillus anthracis

ABSTRACT Bacillus anthracis, the spore-forming agent of anthrax, requires iron for growth and is capable of scavenging heme-iron during infection. We show here that the B. anthracis iron-regulated surface determinants (isd) locus encompasses isdC, specifying a heme-iron binding surface protein. Anchoring of IsdC to the cell wall envelopes of vegetative bacilli requires srtB, which encodes sortase B. Purified sortase B cleaves IsdC between the threonine and the glycine of its NPKTG motif sorting signal. B. anthracis variants lacking either isdC or srtB display defects in heme-iron scavenging, suggesting that IsdC binding to heme-iron in the cell wall envelope contributes to bacterial uptake of heme.
A survey about context-aware middleware

Context-aware systems represent extremely complex and heterogeneous systems. The need for middleware to bind components together is well recognized and many attempts to build middleware for context-aware system have been made. One of the goal of this paper is to provide a general introduction about the evolution of the middlewares and than to proceed with an analysis of the requirements and the issues for context-aware middleware. The paper also provides a survey of some approach for this new kind of middleware.
Error entropy based adaptive kernel classification for non-stationary EEG analysis

The performance of Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) applications are sometimes hindered by non-stationarity in the EEG data from sessions on different days. This paper proposes an algorithm for adaptive training of a SVM classifier to address the non-stationarity in EEG by adapting the kernel to data from subsequent sessions. The kernel width parameter of the kernel function of the SVM classifier is adapted using an information theoretic cost function based on minimum error entropy (MEE). An experiment is performed using the proposed method on EEG data collected without feedback from 12 healthy subjects in two sessions on separate days. The results using the proposed method yielded a mean accuracy of 75%, which is significantly better compared to the baseline result of 67% without kernel adaptation (P=0.00029).
RLS channel estimation with adaptive forgetting factor in space-time coded MIMO-OFDM systems

Considering that channel estimation plays a crucial role in coherent detection, this paper addresses a method of Recursive-least-squares (RLS) channel estimation with adaptive forgetting factor in wireless space-time coded multiple-input and multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems. Because there are three different forgetting factor scenarios including adaptive, two-step and conventional ones applied to RLS channel estimation, this paper describes the principle of RLS channel estimation and analyzes the impact of different forgetting factor scenarios on the performances of RLS channel estimation. Simulation results proved that the RLS algorithm with adaptive forgetting factor (RLS-A) outperformed that with two-step forgetting factor (RLS-T) or with conventional forgetting factor (RLS-C) in both estimation accuracy and robustness over the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel, i.e., a wide-sense stationary uncorrelated scattering (WSSUS) and frequency-selective slowly fading channel. Hence, we can employ the RLS-A method by adjusting forgetting factor adaptively to track and estimate channel state parameters successfully in space-time coded MIMO-OFDM systems.
Algebraic and analytic methods in graph theory

A sequence of graphs is convergent in the Benjamini–Schramm sense if the local features of the graphs, i.e. those observable by local sampling, are getting arbitrarily close to being indistinguishable. Formally, Gn is convergent if for every positive R and finite rooted graph α the probability that the R-ball centered at a uniform random vertex of Gn is isomorphic to α is convergent. The chromatic polynomial of G is defined as the number of proper colorings of G with q colors, which gives a polynomial in q. In Chapter 2 we observe the behaviour of the roots of the chromatic polynomial on a convergent sequence of graphs. To make sense of a limit, we define the root measure as the uniform distribution on the roots. While this measure is not necessarily weakly convergent, we can show that the integral of any holomorphic function according to the measure converges. The proof goes by writing the moments of the root measure as a linear combination of homomorphism numbers into connected graphs, which already satisfy this requirement. Our results have been generalized by Csikvári and Frenkel to a broader class of graph polynomials, and we build on their work in Chapter 3 where we consider the roots of the matching polynomial. The matching polynomial is defined as ∑ k(−1)mk(G)x (G)|−2k with mk(G) denoting the number of matchings with exactly k edges. We can define the matching measure of G in analogy with the chromatic measure, as the root measure of the matching polynomial. This time a convergent graph sequence does imply weak convergence of the matching measure, extending its definition to infinite lattices. We prove that the matching measure of an infinite lattice is equivalent to the spectral measure of its tree of self-avoiding walks. Matching measures also allow us to express the free energies of monomer-dimer models in statistical physics, giving us new and strong estimates. Chapter 4 concerns the other main topic of this thesis, positive graphs. By extending the definition of homomorphism count to weighted target graphs we realize that for some graphs F hom(F,G) is always nonnegative even if G contains edges with negative weights. Such an F is called a positive graph. We suggest a possible structural characterization stating that a graph is positive if and only if it exhibits a certain kind of symmetry. Then we prove this conjecture for trees and – with the help of a computer program – for all but one graphs on at most 10 vertices. Chapter 2 is joint work with Miklós Abért. Chapter 3 is joint work with Miklós Abért and Péter Csikvári. Chapter 4 is joint work with Omar Antoĺın Camarena, Endre Csóka, Gábor Lippner and László Lovász.
Findings From a Real-World Translation Study of the Evidence-Based “Partners in Dementia Care”

Abstract Background and Objectives Numerous non-pharmacological programs for family caregivers and persons with dementia (PWDs) have been found efficacious in randomized controlled trials. Few programs have been tested in translation studies that assess feasibility and outcomes in less-controlled, real-world implementations. This translation study tested the impact of the partnership version of BRI Care Consultation, “Partners in Dementia Care (PDC),” on outcomes for PWDs and their family/friend caregivers. PDC was delivered via partnerships between the Louis Stokes Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Greater East Ohio Alzheimer’s Association Chapter and the Western Reserve Area Agency on Aging. PDC is a personalized coaching program done by telephone, e-mail, and regular mail. Research Design and Methods For this translation study, the program was implemented in a manner that mirrored a non-research implementation. The study sample included 148 caregivers and 84 PWDs who used PDC for 12 months. Research data came from 2 structured telephone interviews, one before program implementation and a follow-up after program completion. PWDs and caregivers averaged 14 telephone contacts with Care Consultants over the 12-month study period, and 12 behavioral action steps to address problems or concerns. Results Repeated measures ANOVAs showed the use of PDC was related to significant improvements across several outcomes for PWDs and caregivers, with greater benefits in more difficult caregiving situations. Caregivers had decreased levels of isolation, physical health strain, unmet needs; and increased confidence in caregiving capacity, informal helpers, and support service use. PWDs had decreased embarrassment about memory problems and unmet needs; and increased informal support and community service use. Discussion and Implications Overall, improved outcomes for PWDs and caregivers in this translation study were similar to findings from previous randomized trials, and affirmed the value of the program when delivered as a regular service offering by health care and community service organizations.
Riedel's Lobe of the Liver

AbstractRiedel lobe of the liver is a simple anatomical variation, a downward tongue-like projection of the anterior edge of the right lobe of the liver to the right of the gallbladder with its typical case to be rare.We report the case of a 71-year-old woman with typical feature of a nonpalpable Riedel's lobe of the liver, as an incidental finding who was referred for reported hypergammaglobulinemia (22.7% [9%–19%]). Both features were attributed to a chronic inflammation because of an abscess in the right iliopsoas caused by infection due to bilateral hip replacement which underwent revision surgery. This was confirmed by her medical history, the imaging findings combined with elevated C-reactive protein, and by cross-reaction weak positive autoantibodies.Generally, knowledge or suspicion of Riedel's lobe of the liver is important, as it does not always remain clinically latent, as in our case, and it can be complicated by its torsion or hepatic tumors.
A Hybrid Generative/Discriminative Bayesian Classifier

In this paper, we introduce a new restricted Bayesian network classifier that extends naive Bayes by relaxing the conditional independence assumptions, and show that it is partly generative and partly discriminative. Experimental results show that the hybrid classifier performs better than a purely generative classifier (naive Bayes) or a purely discriminative classifier (Logistic Regression) and has performance comparable to some state-of-the-art classifiers.
What makes it memorable : meaning, likability and reward associations on visual working memory

We investigated the effects of past reward associations and preferences on visual working memory (VWM) by using stimulus sets which are more visually complex than those used in earlier studies. The other variable of interest is stimuli meaningfulness – specifically, we explored if VWM performance as a function of reward or preferences differs for meaningful versus meaningless stimuli. Reward was operationalised as a non-monetary incentive by way of a trial-by-trial performance feedback, while preference is measured based on participants’ rating on a 7-point Likert scale. In Experiment 1, participants were tested on their VWM of Liked, Neutral and Disliked stimuli – in every trial the memory display comprised all three stimuli types. Similarly Experiment 2 tested participants’ VWM for the High Reward, Low Reward and No Reward stimuli, and in every trial the memory display comprised all three stimulus types. Our results suggest that the current reward manipulation may have been too weak for effects of VWM to be observed. We also found that the effects of preferences on VWM is not the same for meaningful versus meaningless stimuli. Possible reasons for the above findings are discussed. MEANING, LIKABILITY AND REWARD ON VWM
Preceding phonetic context affects perception of nonspeech.

A discrimination paradigm was used to detect the influence of phonetic context on speech ͑experiment 1a͒ and nonspeech ͑experiment 1b͒ stimuli. Results of experiment 1a were consistent with the previously observed phonetic context effect of liquid consonants ͑/(/ and /. /͒ on subsequent stop consonant ͑/,/ and /$/͒ perception. Experiment 1b demonstrated a context effect of liquid consonants on subsequent nonspeech sounds that were spectrally similar to the stop consonants. The results are consistent with findings that implicate spectral contrast in phonetic context effects.
Nonlinear inverse scale space methods

In this paper we generalize the iterated refinement method, introduced by the authors in a recent work, to a time-continuous inverse scale-space formulation. The iterated refinement procedure yields a sequence of convex variational problems, evolving toward the noisy image. The inverse scale space method arises as a limit for a penalization parameter tending to zero, while the number of iteration steps tends to infinity. For the limiting flow, similar properties as for the iterated refinement procedure hold. Specifically, when a discrepancy principle is used as the stopping criterion, the error between the reconstruction and the noise-free image decreases until termination, even if only the noisy image is available and a bound on the variance of the noise is known. The inverse flow is computed directly for one-dimensional signals, yielding high quality restorations. In higher spatial dimensions, we introduce a relaxation technique using two evolution equations. These equations allow fast, accurate, efficient and straightforward implementation. We investigate the properties of these new types of flows and show their excellent denoising capabilities, wherein noise can be well removed with minimal loss of contrast of larger objects.
TIME EVOLUTION OF VISCOUS CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS DUE TO PHOTOEVAPORATION BY FAR-ULTRAVIOLET, EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET, AND X-RAY RADIATION FROM THE CENTRAL STAR

We present the time evolution of viscously accreting circumstellar disks as they are irradiated by ultraviolet and X-ray photons from a low-mass central star. Our model is a hybrid of a one-dimensional (1D) time-dependent viscous disk model coupled to a 1+1D disk vertical structure model used for calculating the disk structure and photoevaporation rates. We find that disks of initial mass 0.1 M☉ around ∼1 M☉ stars survive for ∼4 × 106 yr, assuming a viscosity parameter α = 0.01, a time-dependent FUV luminosity LFUV ∼ 10−2–10−3 L☉ and with X-ray and EUV luminosities LX ∼ LEUV ∼ 10−3 L☉. We find that FUV/X-ray-induced photoevaporation and viscous accretion are both important in depleting disk mass. Photoevaporation rates are most significant at ∼1–10 AU and at ≳30 AU. Viscosity spreads the disk which causes mass loss by accretion onto the central star and feeds mass loss by photoevaporation in the outer disk. We find that FUV photons can create gaps in the inner, planet-forming regions of the disk (∼1–10 AU) at relatively early epochs in disk evolution while disk masses are still substantial. EUV and X-ray photons are also capable of driving gaps, but EUV can only do so at late, low accretion-rate epochs after the disk mass has already declined substantially. Disks around stars with predominantly soft X-ray fields experience enhanced photoevaporative mass loss. We follow disk evolution around stars of different masses, and find that disk survival time is relatively independent of mass for stars with M*≲ 3 M☉; for M*≳ 3 M☉ the disks are short-lived (∼105 yr).
Towards topics-based, semantics-assisted news search

Identifying upcoming topics from a news stream is a challenging and time consuming task for editors since they have to recognize proper keywords, actively search with them, and need to browse the located media assets. To this end, our goal is to enhance an existing newsroom environment to automatically detect upcoming global and regional topics which are suggested for editors further work. To understand the impact of a topic, we provide its evolution over the time and the relations to other subjects as helpful indicators. To achieve our goals, we designed and prototypically implemented an automatic, semantics-based workflow which heavily relies on non-ambiguous named entities extracted from the media assets. Further, we discuss the challenges encountered and point to proper solutions for building your own enterprise-scaled semantics-based application.