Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Designing Experiments with Respect to ‘Standardized’ Optimality Criteria

We introduce a new class of `standardized' optimality criteria which depend on `standardized' covariances of the least squares estimators and provide an alternative to the commonly used criteria in design theory. Besides a nice statistical interpretation the new criteria satisfy an extremely useful invariance property which allows an easy calculation of optimal designs on many linearly transformed design spaces.
Clustering the Constitutive Elements of Measuring Tables Data Structure

This article deals with the clustering of the elements of a structure of juxtaposition of data measuring tables. One of the main issues in such problems is the selection of a one-dimensional quantity to represent the information included in the repeated observations of each variable. We propose the use of three different indices to measure the distance between elements of a structure and use the last one based on the Hilbert–Schmidt inner product for clustering purposes through an algorithmic procedure. The proposed algorithm is applied for clustering the customers of an electric company where each customer is described by a curve of load.
Electron angular distribution in near-threshold double photoionization: extended Wannier ridge model

In order to account properly for the dynamics of the electron angular correlations near the double ionization threshold the extended Wannier model is formulated in which the electrons recede from the reaction zone being at equal distances from the nucleus but in arbitrary directions. 1Se and 1Po states of the two-electron continuum are considered. The boundary conditions on the border of the reaction zone are imposed corresponding to the double photoionization process. The wavepacket propagation to the free electron regime is calculated numerically. The asymmetry parameter beta is in good agreement with recent experiments.
Superresolution optical system using three fixed generalized gratings: experimental results

This paper presents a system that exceeds the Rayleigh limit of resolution by placing three fixed gratings in predetermined positions. The proposed system works without any moving elements and is suitable for coherent or incoherent two-dimensional imaging. The three gratings are located between the input plane and the output plane, and thus the superresolved image is produced without additional imaging lenses. The generalized gratings allow us to obtain the undistorted spectral restoration of information. The trade-off for higher resolution is a smaller field of view. Experiment results validate the theoretical analysis.
Zones of Influence and Shock Motion in a Shock/Boundary-Layer Interaction

This paper aims at describing the main features of a shock reflection on a turbulent boundary layer. The data used for this analysis are the results of large-eddy simulations of the interaction carried out with three different shock intensities: from incipient to fully separated cases. Computational results are validated vs experiments obtained for the same interaction geometries. The main space-time properties of the leading shock motions are described together with their links with the other regions of the flow. In particular, information about the origin of the shock motion is derived from the correlations between shock motion and unsteady pressure fields. It is shown that the shock motion reveals the flow unsteadiness found in the interaction region.
Effect of beam density on nonlinear amplification of inverse-bremsstrahlung electron acceleration

An electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulation code is used to investigate particle density effects on the nonlinear amplification of inverse-bremsstrahlung electron acceleration, according to the schemes proposed by Kawata et al. and by Hussein and Pato. It is shown that although the space-charge self-consistent field does not modify the basic results obtained with the one-particle model, the electromagnetic fields produced by the transverse particle current play a substantial role for large beam densities.
Grain size effect on the dielectric nonlinearity of BaTiO3 ceramics

The dielectric nonlinearity of BaTiO3 ceramics with grain sizes from 1.2 to 76 μm was investigated using the ac electric field dependence of the dielectric properties and the first order reversal curves (FORC) distribution. Defect dipoles in samples with large grains led to pinching of minor polarization-electric field hysteresis loops as well as a threshold field in the ac field dependence of the dielectric constant and loss. For samples with small grains, a sublinear ac field dependence was observed. The irreversible FORC distributions characterizing the responses showed two strong and narrow peaks for large-grained samples and a weak, broad peak centered near the origin for samples with small grains. As the grain size decreased, the reversible FORC distribution at zero-bias field increased. No grain size dependence of the reversible FORC distributions was observed at high dc electric fields. These results indicate that the grain size dependence of the small field dielectric constant is attributable to .
Excitons in novel quantum materials: a Monte Carlo study

The exact binding energies of excitons in novel type-II In1-xGaxAs/GaSb1-xAsy quantum well materials in the effective mass model are evaluated by diffusion quantum Monte Carlo simulations. The results support the experimental interpretation that a stable excitonic ground state can exist in spatially separated electron-hole systems. The electron(hole) correlation effects and quantum confinement are shown to enhance the binding of the excitons. The calculated results for various magnetic fields provide a guide for further experiments in accurate determination of the binding energies, which is important in the optoelectronic application of novel quantum well materials.
Surface Shear Stress and Pressure Measurements in a Turbine Cascade

To further the understanding of secondary fiow loss, a set of surface measurements is presented for a planar turbine cascade tested at low Mach number (maximum of 0.23) and at an inlet axial chord Reynolds number of 5.9 × 10 5 . The endwall and airfoil surface measurements are of skin friction, limiting streamline direction, and static pressure. An oil film interferometry measurement technique applied to the endwall and airfoil surfaces (at some 2000 locations) provides an extensive passage surface map of skin friction values and limiting streamline topology. Measurements of pressures on the same passage surfaces are also presented, resulting in a complete picture of endwall and airfoil surface pressure and shear.
A Modern Approach to Predict Heart Disease using Neural Networks

: Obese individuals have a high possibility of developing Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD), which should be because of an alteration in the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) . Heart Rate Variability (HRV) can be utilized to recognize the progressions in ANS movement. An HRV is a device to gauge the ANS action utilizing linear and non-linear HRV features. In this paper, we address the impact of weight on ANS utilizing HRV parameters. At first, two sets of twenty counts are taken; one set contains obesity and one more set is non-obesity regardless of gender, between the ages of 20 to 50. The measurably massive distinction between the two sets was noticed using the Independent t-test. Measurable consequences of the review show the sympathovagal imbalance because of reduced parasympathetic movement. To come up with exact outcomes, we executed deep learning techniques. This paper essentially represents two best profound learning calculations: RNN (Recurrent Neural Network) and LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory). The experimental results show that the LSTM expectation impact is superior to RNN in terms of recognizing CVD.
Multivariate Convex Orderings, Dependence, and Stochastic Equality

We consider the convex ordering for random vectors and some weaker versions of it, like the convex ordering for linear combinations of random variables. First we establish conditions of stochastic equality for random vectors that are ordered by one of the convex orderings. Then we establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the convex ordering to hold in the case of multivariate normal distributions and sufficient conditions for the positive linear convex ordering (without the restriction to multi-normality).
Flap Vortex Management Using Active Gurney Flaps

An experimental study was conducted to assess the applicability of limited-span Gurney flaps for altering the flap-edge vortex characteristics of a swept constant-chord half-model with a commercial aircraft airfoil and high-lift system (slat and flap). The strategy employed was based on the well-known vortex roll-up relations between the span loading and the wake that were extended and modified to include configurations with flapped wings. Phase I of the study involved the testing of static Gurney flaps mounted at the trailing edge and flap edge, in which different flap heights and fractions of flap span were evaluated. Data acquisition included particle image velocimetry measurements downstream of the flap edge, six-component load measurements, and surface pressure measurement on the main element and in the flap-edge region. The Gurney flaps produced significant variation of the vortex centroids, up to 5.3% of the semispan (13.1% of chord), with corresponding small changes to lift and drag coefficients. Phase II of the study involved the evaluation of dynamically deployed Gurney flaps, in which phase-averaged particle image velocimetry measurements were made of the vortex trailing the flap. This was motivated by the desire to periodically perturb the vortex centroids, with a view to exciting wake instabilities and thus triggering a faster decay. When driving the Gurney flap and hence perturbing the vortices at wavelengths shorter or longer than the wingspan, the authority over the vortex centroids did not materially change.
Time and wavelength resolved nonlinear optical spectroscopy of a polydiacetylene in the solid state using picosecond dye laser pulses

Degenerate four‐wave mixing of tunable dye laser pulses in good optical quality single crystal platelets of poly bis(p‐toluene sulfonate) of 2, 4‐hexadiyne‐1, 6 diol (PTS) polydiacetylene was used to measure the spectral and temporal dependence of the material’s third order nonlinear optical susceptibility χ(3). For the wavelength range measured ‖χ(3)‖ varied from 9×10−9 esu at 6515 A to 5×10−10 esu at 7015 A. The material’s response time was determined to be less than the optical pulse width (≂6 ps) over this wavelength range.
Sectional flow structures in near wake of elevated jets in a crossflow

Near-wake flow structures in the symmetry and horizontal planes of elevated jets in a crossflow are studied experimentally in a wind tunnel via a laser Doppler velocimeter. The measured velocity vector fields and the corresponding streamline patterns in the symmetry and several horizontal planes display tremendous variations in different characteristic regimes of jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratios. They are typically termed crossflow-dominated, transitional, and jet-dominated regimes. The complex flow behaviors are the result of the interactions among the downwash effect, which is induced by the crossflow passing over the tube tip; the upshear effect induced by the issuing jet; and the wakes behind the jet and the tube. Topological flow patterns are proposed to delineate the measured flow structures. Impact effects of the crossflow on the jet are discussed in two aspects, that is, the geometry and the turbulence properties of the central streamline. The geometric characteristics of the deflected jet in different flow regimes are presented
The kinematics of the extended gas in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 3516

Long-slit spectroscopy of the extended gas in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 3516 reveals considerable substructure in the narrow emission lines with several kinematically distinct components visible in H-alpha and N II lambda 6583. The velocity measurements cover almost all of the 3 kpc scale, Z-shaped emission-line structure seen in narrow-band images and suggest that a significant rotational component is present. At large radii, strong deviations from this rotation are observed, indicating that a radial component of motion to the gas is also required to adequately describe the velocity field. There is a clear antisymmetry in these deviations with the velocities being blueshifted with respect to 'normal' galactic rotation on the southwest side of the nucleus and redshifted with respect to it on the northeast side. Although several models can be invoked to explain the observed velocities, the symmetries in the kinematics and emission-line morphology are most easily explained by a bent bipolar mass outflow from the nucleus. In this simple model, gas is ejected out of the plane of the stellar disk and is then slowed by gravitational forces. As the gas trajectory begins to bend, significant velocity deviations are produced. These observations provide some of the best kinematic evidence for mass outflow, although indirect arguments suggest they may be a common feature in many Seyfert galaxies.
A NOVEL AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM FOR THREE‐DIMENSIONAL MULTI‐BLOCK SYSTEMS

Until now, identification of three‐dimensional non‐convex (concave) blocks has not been accomplished. However, a direct body concept, which is introduced here, can deal with both convex and concave blocks in the same process in connection with detection of individual blocks and computation of physical quantities. Thus, the dilemma in the generalization of identifying three‐dimensional multi‐block systems has been eliminated. The directed body concept used in geometrical identification problems makes it possible to build a novel automatic identification system for three‐dimensional multi‐block systems. This new system eliminates the time‐consuming work on geometrical identification, and copes with a variety of applications in multi‐body systems, such as rock masses.
An embedded mesh method for treating overlapping finite element meshes

A new technique for treating the mechanical interactions of overlapping finite element meshes is presented. Such methods can be useful for numerous applications, for example, fluid–solid interaction with a superposed meshed solid on an Eulerian background fluid grid. In this work, we consider the interaction of two elastic domains: one mesh is the foreground and defines the surface of interaction, the other is a background mesh and is often a structured grid. Many of the previously proposed methods employ surface defined Lagrange multipliers or penalties to enforce the boundary constraints. It has become apparent that these methods will cause mesh locking under certain conditions. Appropriately applied, the Nitsche method can overcome this locking, but, in its canonical form, is generally not applicable to non‐linear materials such as hyperelastics. The relationship between interior point penalty, discontinuous Galerkin and Nitsche's method is well known. Based on this relationship, a nonlinear theory analogous to the Nitsche method is proposed to treat nonlinear materials in an embedded mesh. Here, a discontinuous Galerkin derivative based on a lifting of the interface surface integrals provides a consistent treatment for non‐linear materials and demonstrates good behavior in example problems. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Most Efficient Homogeneous Volatility Estimators

We present a new theory of homogeneous volatility (and variance) estimators for arbitrary stochastic processes. The main tool of our theory is the parsimonious encoding of all the information contained in the OHLC prices for a given time interval by the joint distributions of the high-minusopen, low-minus-open and close-minus-open values, whose analytical expression is derived exactly for Wiener processes with drift. The efficiency of the new proposed estimators is favorably compared with that of the Garman-Klass, Roger-Satchell and maximum likelihood estimators.
Second harmonic generation of a single centrosymmetric nanosphere illuminated by tightly focused cylindrical vector beams

Both the surface and bulk nonlinear responses of a single centrosymmetric nanosphere excited by tightly focused cylindrical vector beams with different polarization rotation angles are investigated theoretically. The numerical results show that a distinctive feature of the calculated surface second harmonic (SH) radiation angular patterns is the possibility of strong scattering in the backward direction. In addition, when the polarization rotation angle takes a larger value, there is a distinct difference between the bulk SH responses stemming from different bulk nonlinear parameters. Those properties are in contrast to what was found in previous theories of SH light scattering from centrosymmetric nanospheres excited by tightly focused linearly polarized beams.
Standardized mortality ratio for an estimated number of deaths

The traditional standardized mortality ratio (SMR) compares the mortality rate of a study population with that of a reference population. In order to measure the performance of a surgeon or a group of surgeons in a hospital performing a particular type of surgical operation, a different SMR is used. This SMR compares the observed number of deaths in a sample with an estimated number of deaths usually calculated based on the average performance of a group of surgeons. The estimated number of deaths involved in the new SMR is not a constant but a random variable. This means that all existing results for the traditional SMR may no longer be valid for the new SMR. In this paper, the asymptotic distribution of the SMR based on an estimated number of deaths is derived. We also use the bootstrap procedure to estimate the finite-sample distribution. A simulation study is used to compare both probabilities of type I error and powers of existing confidence intervals and confidence intervals constructed using the asymptotic and bootstrap distributions of SMR. Our study reveals that, in general, existing confidence intervals are conservative in terms of probability of type I error, and the two new confidence intervals are more accurate. To perform a fair power comparison, the coverage probabilities of existing confidence intervals are recalibrated to match that based on the asymptotic distribution of SMR, and then our study shows that the powers of the asymptotic and bootstrap approaches are lower than existing approaches when the odds ratio of death Q is greater than the odds ratio of death under the null hypothesis, , but higher when Q is smaller than . The effect of patients' risk distribution on the SMR is also investigated.
Computing uncertainties in ionosphere‐airglow models: I. Electron ﬂux and species production uncertainties for Mars

[1] The ionization and excitation of atoms and molecules in the upper atmospheres of the Earth and planets are computed by a number of physical models. From these calculations, quantities measurable by dedicated satellite experiments such as airglow and electron fluxes can be derived. It is then possible to compare model and observation to derive more fundamental physical properties of the upper atmospheres, for example, the density as a function of altitude. To ensure the accuracy of these retrieval techniques, it is important to have an estimation of the uncertainty of these models and to have ways to account for these uncertainties. The complexity of kinetic models for computing the secondary production of excited state species (including ions) makes it a difficult evaluation, and studies usually neglect or underestimate it. We present here a Monte-Carlo approach to the computation of model uncertainties. As an example, we studied several aspects of the model uncertainties in the upper atmosphere of Mars, including the computed secondary electron flux and the production of the main ion species. Our simulations show the importance of improving solar flux models, especially on the energy binning and on the photon impact cross sections, which are the main sources of uncertainties on the dayside. The risk of modifying cross sections on the basis of aeronomical observations is highlighted for the case of Mars, while accurate uncertainties are shown to be crucial for the interpretation of data from the particle detectors onboard Mars Global Surveyor. Finally, it shows the importance of AtMoCiad, a public database dedicated to the evaluation of aeronomy cross section uncertainties. A detailed study of the resulting emissions cross sections uncertainties is the focus of a forthcoming paper (Gronoff et al., 2012) in which the outputs discussed in the present paper are used to compute airglow uncertainty, and the overall result is compared with the data from the SPICAM UV spectrometer onboard Mars Express.
Spatially scanned two-color mid-infrared interferometer for FTU

The design of a scanning beam two-color mid-infrared (MIR) interferometer is presented. The diagnostic is being developed for the Frascati Tokamak Upgrade (FTU) which calls for a new interferometer to perform detailed study of advanced confinement regimes in D-shaped plasmas. After performing a feasibility study and a prototype test, we designed a scanning interferometer based on a resonant tilting mirror providing 40 chords of ≈1 cm diameter and a full profile every 62 μs. Such a high number of chords is obtained with a very simple optical scheme, resulting in a system which is compact, low cost, and easy to align. An important feature of the interferometer is its higher immunity to fringe jumps compared to conventional far infrared (FIR) systems. Three main factors contribute to that: the high critical density associated to MIR beams, the large bandwidth provided by 40 MHz heterodyne detection, and the fact that each scan provides a “self-consistent” profile.
ACUTE TOXICITY OF TWO COMMERCIAL PREPARATIONS OF ACETAMIPRID TO APORRECTODEA TRAPEZOIDES (DUGÈS, 1828) USING CONTACT FILTER PAPER TEST

Since the commercial formula is the product applied in the environment, the use of commercial preparation makes it possible to determine both the effects of the active principles and those of the adjuvants. The use of pesticides presents a burden for soil and has negative effects on earthworms, which are indicators of soil quality. This research aimed to assess the effect of two commercial Acetamiprid preparations on the cosmopolitan earthworm A. trapezoides using the filter paper contact test. The results showed that Aceplan and Rustilan were supertoxic with LC 50 after 48-h of exposure of 0.064 and 0.086 μg(ai). cm -2 , respectively. It appears that the tested commercial preparations can be as toxic as their active ingredient. In addition to mortality, direct contact with insecticides caused morphological, behavioral and physiological changes in the tested worms. This emphasizes the importance of further ecotoxicological evaluation of commercial insecticide preparations so as not to underestimate their effects on other earthworm species and on soil-dwelling organisms.
Problems in data treatment for ionospheric scintillation measurements

Ionospheric scintillation data detrending is reviewed in this paper. The attention is focused on satellite to ground links (mainly GPS) data. The problem of a fixed (“frozen”) cutoff frequency is pointed out. A possible explanation of the presence of “phase without amplitude” scintillations is given as a result of erroneous data detrending.