Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘Only in the Leap from the Lion's Head Will He Prove His Worth’: Natural Law and International Relations

This article argues the benefits of including a theological interpretation of natural law morality within the normative discourses of international politics. It challenges the assumption of a Grotian secular natural law arguing that practical reason, in a Thomist interpretation, is better suited to the demands of international political theory. It engages with themes of agency, practical reason, and community in order to enhance the content of the post-territorial community evidenced in ethical cosmopolitan debates. Likewise, it envisions simultaneously enhancing a rapprochement among cosmopolitan and communitarian discourses of international politics facilitated through an institutional design guided by the morality of natural law.
Towards researching the ''opportunistic entrepreneur'': A social constructionist approach and research agenda

Advances in our knowledge of entrepreneurship are enabling progress to be made. In this article, entrepreneurship is considered as a process in which the entrepreneur and the entrepreneurial process are aspects of the same phenomenon. In order to capture this process, a social constructionist theoretical framework is adopted. The article develops an explanation of how the social construction of the entrepreneurial personality may be placed in the context of the social construction of their business reality. Fundamental defining assumptions are discussed, in particular, the opportunistic behaviour of the individual to whom the attribution ''entrepreneur'' is made. Finally, a seven-point research agenda is presented.
Myocyte proliferation in the developing heart

Regulation of organ growth is critical during embryogenesis. At the cellular level, mechanisms controlling the size of individual embryonic organs include cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and attrition through cell death. All these mechanisms play a role in cardiac morphogenesis, but experimental studies have shown that the major determinant of cardiac size during prenatal development is myocyte proliferation. As this proliferative capacity becomes severely restricted after birth, the number of cell divisions that occur during embryogenesis limits the growth potential of the postnatal heart. We summarize here current knowledge concerning regional control of myocyte proliferation as related to cardiac morphogenesis and dysmorphogenesis. There are significant spatial and temporal differences in rates of cell division, peaking during the preseptation period and then gradually decreasing toward birth. Analysis of regional rates of proliferation helps to explain the mechanics of ventricular septation, chamber morphogenesis, and the development of the cardiac conduction system. Proliferation rates are influenced by hemodynamic loading, and transduced by autocrine and paracrine signaling by means of growth factors. Understanding the biological response of the developing heart to such factors and physical forces will further our progress in engineering artificial myocardial tissues for heart repair and designing optimal treatment strategies for congenital heart disease. Developmental Dynamics 240:1322–1334, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphological Changes in Productive and Abortive Infection by Feline Herpesvirus

Feline herpesvirus produces characteristic morphological alterations in feline kidney cells. Nucleocapsid particles are formed in infected nuclei and are enveloped as they pass through the modified inner nuclear membrane. Aggregates of dense granular material and filamentous structures also regularly appear in infected nuclei. Infection of human embryonic lung cells by feline herpesvirus results in the appearance of intranuclear inclusion bodies, aggregates of dense granular material, and bundles of parallel filaments but no nucleocapsid particles.
Joint Iterative Transmit/Receive FDE & FDIC for Single-Carrier Block Transmissions

In this paper, we propose a novel iterative transmit/receive equalization technique for single-carrier (SC) block transmission in a severe frequency-selective fading channel. Iterative frequency-domain inter-symbol interference (ISI) cancellation (FDIC) is introduced to the previously proposed joint iterative transmit/receive frequency-domain equalization (FDE) based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion. 1-tap FDE is employed at the transmitter. At the receiver, a 1-tap FDE and FDIC are jointly used and they are updated in an iterative manner. The transmit FDE weight is derived based on the MMSE criterion by taking into account the reduction of residual ISI in the receiver. To derive the weight, the transmitter assumes that the receiver can partially reduce the residual ISI after the FDIC. We conduct a computer simulation to investigate the achievable bit error rate (BER) performance to confirm the effectiveness of our proposed technique.
Evaluations of College Professors: Effects of Professors' Sex-Type, and Sex, and Students' Sex

Over 700 college students evaluated one of eight written profiles of a college professor. The descriptions varied by professors' sex and by professor sex-type (neutral/control, affective, instrumental, androgynous). Profiles were handed out in class to male and female students by regular instructors (experimenters). Professors described as high in affective qualities (the affective and androgynous professors) received the highest ratings on questions related to interactions with students outside of class. Professors' sex-type interacted significantly with students' sex and instructors' sex on these questions as well. The effects of both instrumental and affective qualities of the instructor appear to overshadow the effects of a professor's sex in students' evaluations, at least under certain conditions.
UNIFORM BOUNDS FOR EIGENFUNCTIONS OF THE LAPLACIAN ON MANIFOLDS WITH BOUNDARY*

ABSTRACT Let u be an eigenfunction of the Laplacian on a compact manifold with boundary, with Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions, and let −λ2 be the corresponding eigenvalue. We consider the problem of estimating max M u in terms of λ, for large λ, assuming ∫ M u 2 = 1. We prove that max M u ≤C M λ(n − 1)/2, which is optimal for some M. Our proof simplifies some of the arguments used before for such problems. We review the ‘wave equation method’ and discuss some special cases which may be handled by more direct methods. *This work was partially supported by NSF grant DMS-9306389 and by the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute, Berkeley.
The Public Health Nutrition workforce and its future challenges: the US experience

Abstract Objectives To describe the US public health nutrition workforce and its future social, biological and fiscal challenges. Design Literature review primarily for the four workforce surveys conducted since 1985 by the Association of State and Territorial Public Health Nutrition Directors. Setting The United States. Subjects Nutrition personnel working in governmental health agencies. The 1985 and 1987 subjects were personnel in full-time budgeted positions employed in governmental health agencies providing predominantly population-based services. In 1994 and 1999 subjects were both full-time and part-time, employed in or funded by governmental health agencies, and provided both direct-care and population-based services. Results The workforce primarily focuses on direct-care services for pregnant and breast-feeding women, infants and children. The US Department of Agriculture funds 81·7 % of full-time equivalent positions, primarily through the WIC Program (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children). Of those personnel working in WIC, 45 % have at least 10 years of experience compared to over 65 % of the non-WIC workforce. Continuing education needs of the WIC and non-WIC workforces differ. The workforce is increasingly more racially/ethnically diverse and with 18·2 % speaking Spanish as a second language. Conclusions The future workforce will need to focus on increasing its diversity and cultural competence, and likely will need to address retirement within leadership positions. Little is known about the workforce’s capacity to address the needs of the elderly, emergency preparedness and behavioural interventions. Fiscal challenges will require evidence-based practice demonstrating both costs and impact. Little is known about the broader public health nutrition workforce beyond governmental health agencies.
An efficient routing method for pseudo-exhaustive built-in self-testing of high-speed interconnects

This paper presents a powerful routing method for pseudo-exhaustive built-in self-testing of high-speed interconnects with both capacitive and inductive crosstalk effects. Based on the concepts of test cone and cut-off locality, the routing method can generate an interconnect structure such that all nets can be tested by pseudoexhaustive patterns. The test pattern generation method is simple and efficient. Experimental results obtained by simulating a set of MCNC benchmarks demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed pseudo-exhaustive test approach and the efficiency of the proposed routing method.
Single and multiple object naming in healthy ageing

We compared the performance of young (college-aged) and older (50+years) speakers in a single object and a multiple object naming task and assessed their susceptibility to semantic and phonological context effects when producing words amidst semantically or phonologically similar or dissimilar words. In single object naming, there were no performance differences between the age groups. In multiple object naming, we observed significant age-related slowing, expressed in longer gazes to the objects and slower speech. In addition, the direction of the phonological context effects differed for the two groups. The results of a supplementary experiment showed that young speakers, when adopting a slow speech rate, coordinated their eye movements and speech differently from the older speakers. Our results imply that age-related slowing in connected speech is not a direct consequence of a slowing of lexical retrieval processes. Instead, older speakers might allocate more processing capacity to speech monitoring processes, which would slow down their concurrent speech planning processes.
Glutathione transport by inside-out vesicles from human erythrocytes.

Purified inside-out vesicles from human erythrocytes were used to investigate the active transport of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Incubation of vesicles and GSSG in the presence of ATP resulted in the transport of GSSG into the vesicles. When vesicles were incubated with reduced glutathione (GSH), no transport was observed. At GSSG concentrations of less than 5 mM, transport was linear up to 4 hr at 37 degrees C. A Lineweaver-Burk plot of the transport rate as a function of GSSG concentration was biphasic and gave apparent Km values of 0.1 and 7.1 mM. The Km for ATP . Mg in this transport process was 0.63 mM at a GSSG concentration of 20 microM and 1.25 mM at a GSSG concentration of 5 mM. The transport rate at low GSSG concentrations was inhibited by CTP or UTP, which acted as competitive inhibitors of ATP; Ki=0.51 mM. This inhibition may account for the high erythrocyte GSH levels observed in pyrimidine-5'-nucleotidase deficiency, a disorder in which erythrocytic levels of CTP and UTP are elevated.
Outcome analysis of prostate cancer patients with pre-treatment PSA greater than 50 ng/ml.

INTRODUCTION The optimal management of prostate cancer patients presenting with prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels greater than 50 ng/ml is controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with overall survival and biochemical outcome in a high-risk prostate cancer population with PSA>50.0 ng/ml at time of diagnosis, and no clinical or radiological evidence of metastatic disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single institution chart review was conducted at the London Regional Cancer Program on 138 patients who presented with PSA levels greater than 50 ng/ml. Forty-eight (34.8%) of these patients had no clinical or radiological evidence of metastatic disease at time of diagnosis. Patient, tumor, and treatment related variables and biochemical/clinical outcomes were collected for analysis. Median follow-up was 49.4 months. Descriptive and univariable/multivariable analyses were performed in order to assess prognostic factors for freedom from biochemical failure and overall survival. RESULTS On univariate analysis, clinical T-stage, Gleason score, primary RT, and PSA measurements including initial PSA, nadir PSA, change in PSA and respective log values were prognostic of biochemical failure. On multivariate analysis, log nadir PSA was prognostic of biochemical failure. No prognostic variables were significant for overall survival in this analysis. CONCLUSIONS High-risk prostate cancer patients with PSA>50 ng/ml and no evidence of metastatic disease have survival characteristics are similar to other high-risk populations reported in the literature, and should be considered for aggressive therapy. The logarithm of the PSA nadir was found to predict for durable biochemical control on multivariable analysis.
Suppression of NMDA receptor function in mice prenatally exposed to valproic acid improves social deficits and repetitive behaviors

Animals prenatally exposed to valproic acid (VPA), an antiepileptic agent, have been used as a model for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Previous studies have identified enhanced NMDA receptor (NMDAR) function in the brain of VPA rats, and demonstrated that pharmacological suppression of NMDAR function normalizes social deficits in these animals. However, whether repetitive behavior, another key feature of ASDs, can be rescued by NMDAR inhibition remains unknown. We report here that memantine, an NMDAR antagonist, administered to VPA mice rescues both social deficits and repetitive behaviors such as self-grooming and jumping. These results suggest that suppression of elevated NMDAR function in VPA animals normalizes repetitive behaviors in addition to social deficits.
Teenagers and illicit drug use : expanding the 'user vs non-user' dichotomy

The present study examines proximal and distal factors associated with the use and non-use of illegal substances within a sample of 860 teenagers in North Wales. Arguing that there is predictive utility in expanding the traditional ‘users vs non-users’ design dichotomy, four groups are identified — resistant and vulnerable non-users and experimental and repeated users. ‘Person’ variables (life satisfaction, deviance, hopelessness and drug-related attributions) appeared to primarily differentiate the vulnerable group from their resistant counterparts and identify this, as yet non-using group, with user samples. It is suggested that these variables might represent ‘risk’ factors for illicit substance use and that the group design employed suggests they precede, rather than follow as a consequence of, illicit drug use. Like their resistant counterparts however, the vulnerable group are differentiated from user samples on some lifestyle and context indices. It is argued that these represent ‘protective’ influences in an otherwise at-risk group of non-users. Variables associated with an escalation of illicit drug use are discussed in considering the differences between the experimental and repeated user groups. Apart from the more proximal factor of drug-related attributions, ‘person’ variables appeared less involved here. Repeated users did however, tend to use a greater number of drugs, have a greater proportion of friends who also used illegal substances and significantly fewer had a Welsh cultural identity.
Dietary advice for illness-related malnutrition in adults.

BACKGROUND Illness-related malnutrition has been reported in 10-55% of people in hospital and in ill people in the community in areas of food sufficiency. It has been suggested that dietary counseling to encourage the use of energy- and protein-rich foods should be used in preference to oral nutritional supplements in the management of illness-related malnutrition. OBJECTIVES To examine the evidence that dietary advice, to improve nutritional intake, in adults with illness-related malnutrition can improve survival, weight and anthropometry and to estimate the size of any additional effect of whole protein nutritional supplements when given in combination with dietary advice. SEARCH STRATEGY Six electronic databases were searched (Cochrane Library, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, ERIC and Dissertation Abstracts). Additional studies were sought by contacting dietitians, clinicians and the manufacturers of nutritional supplements. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled trials of dietary advice compared with no advice, oral nutritional supplements and dietary advice plus oral nutritional supplements in people with illness-related malnutrition. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently assessed the trial eligibility, methodological quality and extracted the data. MAIN RESULTS Fifteen trials (16 comparisons) met the inclusion criteria. An additional group of six trials were identified during searching which compared dietary advice plus supplements if required with no advice. These trials have been included in the review as an additional comparison. The review includes 1185 randomised participants from a variety of clinical backgrounds. The duration of follow-up was from six weeks to 12 months. Nine trials reported clearly concealed randomisation and allocation and two trials reported blinding of outcome assessment. Nine trials reported outcomes in an unusable format. Gain in weight was significantly higher for groups consuming supplements with or without advice, compared with advice alone. Energy intake was significantly improved in those consuming supplements compared with those receiving advice alone. There was insufficient data on group differences in functional outcomes and mortality. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the lack of evidence for the provision of dietary advice in the management of illness-related malnutrition. The available data suggest that oral nutritional supplements have a greater role than dietary advice in the improvement of body weight and energy intake. A large adequately powered randomised controlled trial is needed to compare the efficacy of different forms of therapy to increase dietary intake in people with illness-related malnutrition and to examine the impact of this on clinical function and survival.
Multi-layer cooperative transmission protocol with VMISO and power control in ad hoc networks

We present a multi-layer protocol based on power control and virtual Multi-Input Single-Output (VMISO). Specifically, we discuss the influence of rate, cluster size, and transmission range of the VMISO link on the whole performance improvements, where the key physical layer property that we focus on is an enlarged transmission range due to cooperative diversity. Further, the new protocol, termed the Joint Multi-layer Cooperative Transmission Protocol (JMCTP) including the VMISO routing protocol and the novel MAC protocol, proposes the distributed approach of using VMISO links with a fixed cluster size, a given rate, and a certain transmission range, where we leverage the translation of physical layer advantages into higher layer better performances. Moreover, power control is applied to the MAC and routing layer, which increases the robustness to mobility and interference-induced link failures. Finally, we evaluate JMCTP with a flat Rayleigh fading channel model that accurately captures the nature of VMISO transmissions. As compared to using only SISO links and other VMISO links, our work achieves a great increase in the end-to-end throughput and a sharp decline in the end-to-end delay.
Issues of taxonomy and comorbidity in the development of conduct disorder

Abstract A developmental approach to the classification of antisocial behavior is necessary for two reasons. First, although the continuity of antisocial behavior is strong for many individuals, the topography of antisocial behavior changes during the course of development. Second, antisocial behavior apparently develops in at least two separate pathways — child-onset versus adolescent-onset — that differ markedly regarding types of antisocial behavior displayed, persistence, and perhaps etiology. The development of antisocial behavior must also be understood within the context of co-occurring disorders and conditions. Comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder appears to be associated with greater aggression and a worse prognosis, and comorbid academic underachievement is also associated with a negative course. Emerging evidence also suggests that comorbid anxiety disorder is associated with level of aggression, but the direction of the correlation appears to differ at different ages. In all, full understanding of conduct disorder requires developmentally sensitive classification as well as consideration of comorbid conditions.
Motivation, Engagement and Learning through Digital Games Journal Article Special Blockinissue Blockinon Blockingames Blockinand Blockinlearning Guest Blockineditorial Blockinpreface Research Blockinarticles 1 Motivation, Blockinengagement Blockinand Blockinlearning Blockinthrough Blockindigitaleval

Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online's data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. IntroductIon " Press Start, " the familiar command appearing to players before they can begin to play almost any game. If faced with this screen, the choice to play has already been made, so can this really be the start of the game-play experience? Why this game? Why now? Why keep playing and what does all this have to do with learning? This paper raises the concern that there is much about the player experience yet to be understood and seeks to further explore the questions just raised by discussing motivation and engagement in relation to the informal learning that occurs through playing digital games. The paper begins by considering research relating to games and learning, and argues for an empirical examination of the context and socio-cultural factors around everyday game-playing, in order to provide greater insight into the effectiveness of learning through games. The concepts of gaming capital and paratexts (Consalvo, 2007) are highlighted as being of potential use in such analysis. The paper goes AbstrAct Digital games can be powerful learning environments because they encourage active learning and participation within " affinity groups " (Gee, 2004). However, the use of games in formal educational environments is not always successful (O'Neil et al., 2005). There is a need to update existing theories of motivation and engagement in order to take recent game-related developments into account. Understanding the links between why people play games, what keeps them engaged in this process, and what they learn as a result could have a significant impact on how people value and use games for learning. This paper examines key research that relates to motivation, engagement, and informal learning through digital games, in order to highlight the need for empirical studies which examine the activities that occur in and around everyday gaming practice. on to look at traditional conceptualisations of motivation and engagement in the research literature, in the light of new kinds of games, interfaces, online interactions and new audiences of players. It is suggested that work by Calleja (2007a, 2007b) on involvement offers the potential for a fuller account of how con-textual aspects relate to the gaming experience. Consideration is also given to the …