Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Carboniferous ophiolite in central Qiangtang, northern Tibet: record of an oceanic back-arc system in the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean

ABSTRACT Zircon U–Pb dating of two samples of metagabbro from the Riwanchaka ophiolite yielded early Carboniferous ages of 354.4 ± 2.3 Ma and 356.7 ± 1.9 Ma. Their positive zircon εHf(t) values (+7.9 to +9.9) indicate that these rocks were derived from a relatively depleted mantle. The metagabbros can be considered as two types: R1 and R2. Both types are tholeiitic, with depletion of high-field-strength elements (HFSE) and enrichment of large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) similar to those of typical back-arc basin basalts (BABB), such as Mariana BABB and East Scotia Ridge BABB. Geochemical and isotopic characteristics indicate that the R1 metagabbro originated from a back-arc basin spreading ridge with addition of slab-derived fluids, whereas the R2 metagabbro was derived from a back-arc basin mantle source, with involvement of melts and fluids from subducted ocean crust. The Riwanchaka ophiolite exhibits both mid-ocean ridge basalts- and arc-like geochemical affinities, consistent with coeval ophiolites from central Qiangtang. Observations indicate that the Qiangtang ophiolites developed during the Late Devonian–early Carboniferous (D3–C1) in a back-arc spreading ridge above an intra-oceanic subduction zone. Based on our data and previous studies, we propose that an oceanic back-arc basin system existed in the Longmuco–Shuanghu–Lancang Palaeo-Tethys Ocean during the D3–C1 period.
VoIP Capacity over Wireless Mesh Networks

This paper aims at performance study of wireless mesh networks (WMNs). It proposes a realistic approach for experiments and simulations on VoIP capacity in 802.11 chain and lattice mesh topologies. Further, it suggests using a relaxed requirement in order to increase VoIP capacity while achieving acceptable QoS. The study aims to preempt any congestion and degradation of network services which will have an adverse effect on the users
THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF PADDY FIELD BASED ON ITS FACULTIES TO SUPPORT LAND PRODUCTIVITY IN LOWOKWARU SUBDISTRICT, MALANG, EAST JAVA

: Paddy fields commonly possesses intrinsic natural processes and external benefits that support land productivity. Soil fertility which shown by nutrient contents (Nitrogen, phosporous, potassium and organic matters) gives evidence of the existence of natural processes that occur within the soil that will be lost when land conversion happens. Similarly the external benefit of paddy fields as container of domestic waste compost will be lost too due to the land conversion. These functions and benefits are very important but are not appreciated by society. Giving economic values to paddy fields based on these two faculties will inform the society how valuable paddy fields are as natural resources. The economic valuation method used in this reserch is the Replacement Cost Method (RCM) with mathematical formula as follows NELSsFPUH = (U N x P n + U P x P p + U K x P k + U BO x P BO ) x A for economic value of paddy field as provider of nutrients contents (N, P, K) and organic matters; and NELSPK = (WK/KK) x PK x A for economic value of paddy field as compost container. The research was taken place in 6 sub-subdistricts in Lowokwaru Subdistrict with 205 hectares of paddy fields. The economic value of paddy field is about Rp 133,31 billions for economic value of paddy field as provider of nutrients contents (N, P, K) and organic matters; and Rp 7,76 billions for economic value of paddy field as compost container. For both faculties the average economic value Rp 688,18 million per hectare. Paddy fields in Lowokwaru Subdistricts are very feasible to be protected from conversion due to its satisfactory soil fertility and its potential to be increased, thus it is able to maintain land productivity. Therefore, it is very reasonable to call pady fields as productive open green space in which economic and social activities can be developed
Human Papillomaviruses; Epithelial Tropisms, and the Development of Neoplasia

Papillomaviruses have evolved over many millions of years to propagate themselves at specific epithelial niches in a range of different host species. This has led to the great diversity of papillomaviruses that now exist, and to the appearance of distinct strategies for epithelial persistence. Many papillomaviruses minimise the risk of immune clearance by causing chronic asymptomatic infections, accompanied by long-term virion-production with only limited viral gene expression. Such lesions are typical of those caused by Beta HPV types in the general population, with viral activity being suppressed by host immunity. A second strategy requires the evolution of sophisticated immune evasion mechanisms, and allows some HPV types to cause prominent and persistent papillomas, even in immune competent individuals. Some Alphapapillomavirus types have evolved this strategy, including those that cause genital warts in young adults or common warts in children. These strategies reflect broad differences in virus protein function as well as differences in patterns of viral gene expression, with genotype-specific associations underlying the recent introduction of DNA testing, and also the introduction of vaccines to protect against cervical cancer. Interestingly, it appears that cellular environment and the site of infection affect viral pathogenicity by modulating viral gene expression. With the high-risk HPV gene products, changes in E6 and E7 expression are thought to account for the development of neoplasias at the endocervix, the anal and cervical transformation zones, and the tonsilar crypts and other oropharyngeal sites. A detailed analysis of site-specific patterns of gene expression and gene function is now prompted.
A Computational Model of Human Preferences for Pronoun Resolution

We present a cognitive computational model of pronoun resolution that reproduces the human interpretation preferences of the Subject Assignment Strategy and the Parallel Function Strategy. Our model relies on a probabilistic pronoun resolution system trained on corpus data. Factors influencing pronoun resolution are represented as features weighted by their relative importance. The importance the model gives to the preferences is in line with psycholinguistic studies. We demonstrate the cognitive plausibility of the model by running it on experimental items and simulating antecedent choice and reading times of human participants. Our model can be used as a new means to study pronoun resolution, because it captures the interaction of preferences.
Immunologically Mediated Damage to the Intestinal Mucosa

ABSTRACT. This review discusses experimental and clinical evidence for the existence of immunologically mediated damage to the intestinal mucosa. The discussion of mechanisms of gastrointestinal immunoregulation and lymphocyte recirculation via recently described homing receptors is preceded by a summary of the basic structures of the gut‐associated lymphoid tissues (GALT). The relevance of food‐induced systemic hyporesponsiveness (oral tolerance) to the prevention of immunologically mediated damage to intestinal mucosa is discussed in the light of anaphylactic (Type I) and delayed type (Type IV) hypersensitivity reactions. Other, less well defined, mechanisms of allergic injury are also briefly discussed. It is postulated that the abrogation and/or modulation of orally induced tolerance is the pathogenetic mechanism underlying the induction of food‐sensitive enteropathies.
Reducing Complexity in Parsing Scientific Medical Data, a Diabetes Case Study

The aim of this study is to assemble and deploy various NLP components and resources in order to parse scientific medical text data and evaluate the degree in which these resources contribute to the overall parsing performance. With parsing we limit our efforts to the identification of unrestricted noun phrases with full phrase structure and investigate the effects of using layers of semantic annotations prior to parsing. Scientific medical texts exhibit complex linguistic structure but also regularities that can be captured by pre-processing the texts with specialized semantically-aware tools. Our results show evidence of improved performance while the complexity of parsing is reduced. Parsed scientific texts and inferred syntactic information can be leveraged to improve the accuracy of higher-level tasks such as information extraction and enhance the acquisition of semantic relations and events.
Influence of patient gender on admission to intensive care

Study objectives: To compare the case mix and outcomes of male and female patients admitted to intensive care units for a wide range of conditions. Design: Cross sectional study of prospectively collected data. Setting: The Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre, (ICNARC) Case Mix Programme. Participants: 46 587 admissions to 91 units across England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Main results: No gender differences were found in case mix on admission or in mortality for five conditions (cardiac arrhythmia, chronic obstructive airways disease, asthma, self poisoning, and seizures). There was some evidence of horizontal and vertical inequity for female patients with myocardial infarction and with neurological bleeding. Vertical equity was not achieved for male pneumonia and ventricular failure patients and for women with primary brain injury. Conclusions: This study demonstrated, for the first time, possible inequitable use of intensive care for patients with certain conditions. This may be secondary to gender bias and can result in either over-treatment in the favoured group, or under-treatment in the neglected group. It would therefore be pertinent to re-examine these findings using other databases, and to further investigate the causative factors, including gender bias.
Message-Efficient Location Prediction for Mobile Objects in Wireless Sensor Networks Using a Maximum Likelihood Technique

In the tracking system, a better prediction model can significantly reduce power consumption in a wireless sensor network because fewer redundant sensors will be activated to keep monitoring the object. The Gauss-Markov mobility model is one of the best mobility models to describe object trajectory because it can capture the correlation of object velocity in time. Traditionally, the Gauss-Markov parameters are estimated using an autocorrelation technique or a recursive least-squares estimation technique; either of these techniques, however, requires a large amount of historical movement information of the mobile object, which is not suitable for tracking objects in a wireless sensor network because they demand a considerable amount of message communication overhead between wireless sensors which are usually battery powered. In this paper, we develop a Gauss-Markov parameter estimator for wireless sensor networks (GMPE_MLH) using a maximum likelihood technique. The GMPE_MLH model estimates the Gauss-Markov parameters with few requirements in terms of message communication overhead. Simulations demonstrate that the GMPE_MLH model generates negligible differences between the actual and estimated values of the Gauss-Markov parameters and provides comparable prediction of the mobile object's location to the Gauss-Markov parameter estimators using an autocorrelation technique or a recursive least-squares estimation.
On the Portability of the OpenCL Dwarfs on Fixed and Reconfigurable Parallel Platforms

The proliferation of heterogeneous computing systems presents the parallel computing community with the challenge of porting legacy and emerging applications to multiple processors with diverse programming abstractions. OpenCL is a vendor-agnostic and industry-supported programming model that offers code portability on heterogeneous platforms, allowing applications to be developed once and deployed "anywhere. " In this paper, we use the OpenCL implementation of the Open Dwarfs, a benchmark suite that captures patterns of computation and communication common to classes of important applications, as delineated by Berkeley's Dwarfs. We evaluate portability across multicore CPU, GPU, APU (CPUs+GPUs on a die), the Intel Xeon Phi co-processor, and the FPGA. To realize FPGA portability, we exploit SOpenCL (Silicon OpenCL), a CAD tool that automatically converts OpenCL kernels to customizable hardware accelerators. We show that a single, unmodified OpenCL code base, i.e., Open Dwarfs, can be effectively used to target multiple, architecturally diverse platforms.
Active layer temperature monitoring in two boreholes in Livingston Island, maritime Antarctic: first results for 2000–2006

This paper describes the active layer thermal regimes in two shallow boreholes, Sofia 275 m a.s. l. and Incinerador 35 m a.s. l. , for which the ground temperature series has been recorded continuously from 2000 to 2006. The monitoring sites are located in Livingston Island, South Shetland Archipelago, Antarctica. This is one of the most sensitive regions of Earth to climate change, with a major warming trend over the last 50 years, of ca. +2.5oC in the Mean Annual Air Temperatures (MAAT). This region is located near the climatic limit of permafrost, since MAAT at sea level is close to -2oC. Lineal fits of the ground temperatures series for the study period at different depths in these boreholes show positive slopes. An outcome from the analysis of freezing and thawing indexes is that most of the ground warming seems to concentrate in the summer.
Reputation-Controlled Business Process Workflows

This paper presents a model solution for controlling the execution of BPEL business processes based on reputation constraints at the level of the services, the service providers and the BPEL workflow. The reputation constraints are expressed as part of an SLA and are then enforced at runtime by a reputation monitoring system. We use our model to demonstrate how trust requirements based on such reputation constraints can be upheld in a real world example of a distributed map processing defined as a BPEL workflow.
Endothelin2 Induces Expression of Genes Associated with Reactive Gliosis in Retinal Müller Cells

Abstract Purpose/Aim of the Study: Photoreceptor degeneration is normally accompanied by reactive gliosis and gene expression changes in Müller (glial) cells. The signaling pathway involved inducing these changes in Müller cells is not known. It has been proposed that endothelin2 (EDN2) released by degenerating photoreceptors might induce gliotic changes in Müller cells. In the present study, we directly tested the hypothesis by determining whether treatment of Müller cell cultures with EDN2 results in upregulation of genes known to be expressed in activated Müller cells in vivo. Materials and Methods: Experiments were carried using an established rat Müller cell line (rMC-1), and gene expression was assessed by qRT-PCR. Results: We observed that EDN2 treatment upregulated transcripts for glial fibrillary acidic protein (Gfap), Serpina3n and endothelin receptor B (EdnrB), three genes associated with reactive gliosis in Müller cells. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) treatment similarly led to induction of Gfap, Serpina3n and EdnrB transcripts, whereas glutamate treatment had no significant effect. Conclusions: The finding supports a role for EDN2 as a signaling agent between photoreceptors and Müller cells.
Intermingled cAMP, cGMP and calcium spatiotemporal dynamics in developing neuronal circuits

cAMP critically modulates the development of neuronal connectivity. It is involved in a wide range of cellular processes that require independent regulation. However, our understanding of how this single second messenger achieves specific modulation of the signaling pathways involved remains incomplete. The subcellular compartmentalization and temporal regulation of cAMP signals have recently been identified as important coding strategies leading to specificity. Dynamic interactions of this cyclic nucleotide with other second messenger including calcium and cGMP are critically involved in the regulation of spatiotemporal control of cAMP. Recent technical improvements of fluorescent sensors facilitate cAMP monitoring, whereas optogenetic tools permit spatial and temporal control of cAMP manipulations, all of which enabled the direct investigation of spatiotemporal characteristics of cAMP modulation in developing neurons. Focusing on neuronal polarization, neurotransmitter specification, axon guidance, and refinement of neuronal connectivity, we summarize herein the recent advances in understanding the features of cAMP signals and their dynamic interactions with calcium and cGMP involved in shaping the nervous system.
Transmission capacity of CDMA ad-hoc networks

Spread spectrum technologies are appropriate for ad-hoc networking because they permit interference averaging and tolerate colocated simultaneous transmissions. We develop analytical results on the transmission capacity of a CDMA ad-hoc network. Transmission capacity is defined as the maximum permissible density of simultaneous transmissions that allows a certain probability of successful reception. We obtain closed-form upper and lower bounds on the transmission capacity for both frequency hopped (FH-CDMA) and direct sequence (DS-CDMA) implementations of CDMA. Our analysis shows that FH-CDMA obtains a higher transmission capacity than DS-CDMA on the order of M/sup 1-2//spl alpha//, where M is the spreading factor and /spl alpha/>2 is the path loss exponent. The interpretation is that FH-CDMA is generally preferable to DS-CDMA for ad-hoc networks.
Multiuser MIMO degrees of freedom with no CSIT

We provide the characterization of the degrees of freedom (DOF) region for a 2-user fading MIMO broadcast channel when perfect channel knowledge is available to the receivers and no channel knowledge is available to the transmitters. The results are applied to find the DOF region for some special cases of a 2-user MIMO interference channel. We also extend the outerbound of the DOF region to find the capacity region for a specific 2-user MIMO broadcast channel.
A New Xanthone from the Pericarp of Garcinia Mangostana

Mangostanate, a new prenylated xanthone, 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8-(3-formyloxy-3-methylbutyl)–xanthone, has been isolated from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana, together with five known compounds. The structures were elucidated using spectroscopy. All the components were tested for antioxidant activity.
Toward an Understanding of Structural Insights of Xanthine and Aldehyde Oxidases: An Overview of their Inhibitors and Role in Various Diseases

Almost all drug molecules become the substrates for oxidoreductase enzymes, get metabolized into more hydrophilic products and eliminated from the body. These metabolites sometime may be more potent, active, inactive, or toxic in nature compared to parent molecule. Xanthine oxidoreductase and aldehyde oxidase belong to molybdenum containing family and are well characterized for their structures and functions, in particular to their ability to oxidize/hydroxylate the xenobiotics. Their upregulated clinical levels causing oxidative stress are associated with pathways either directly involved in the progression of diseases, gout, or indirectly with the succession of other diseases such as diabetes, cancer, etc. Herein, we have put forth a comprehensive review on the xanthine and aldehyde oxidases pertaining to their structures, functions, pathophysiological role, and a comparative analysis of structural insights of xanthine and aldehyde oxidases’ binding domains with endogenous ligands or inhibitors. Though both the enzymes are molybdenum containing and are likely to share some common pathways and interact with inhibitors in a similar manner but we have focused on structural prerequisites for inhibitor specificity to both the enzymes keeping in view of the existing X‐ray structures. This review also provides futuristic implications in the design of inhibitors derived from inorganic complexes or small organic molecules considering the spatial features and structural insights of both the enzymes.
Human Tripartite Motif 5α Domains Responsible for Retrovirus Restriction Activity and Specificity

ABSTRACT The tripartite motif 5α protein (TRIM5α) is one of several factors expressed by mammalian cells that inhibit retrovirus replication. Human TRIM5α (huTRIM5α) inhibits infection by N-tropic murine leukemia virus (N-MLV) but is inactive against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). However, we show that replacement of a small segment in the carboxy-terminal B30.2/SPRY domain of huTRIM5α with its rhesus macaque counterpart (rhTRIM5α) endows it with the ability to potently inhibit HIV-1 infection. The B30.2/SPRY domain and an additional domain in huTRIM5α, comprising the amino-terminal RING and B-box components of the TRIM motif, are required for N-MLV restriction activity, while the intervening coiled-coil domain is necessary and sufficient for huTRIM5α multimerization. Truncated huTRIM5α proteins that lack either or both the N-terminal RING/B-Box or the C-terminal B30.2/SPRY domain form heteromultimers with full-length huTRIM5α and are dominant inhibitors of its N-MLV restricting activity, suggesting that homomultimerization of intact huTRIM5α monomers is necessary for N-MLV restriction. However, localization in large cytoplasmic bodies is not required for inhibition of N-MLV by huTRIM5α or for inhibition of HIV-1 by chimeric or rhTRIM5α.
Adolescent Childbirth Is Associated With Greater Framingham Risk Scores for Cardiovascular Disease Among Participants of the IMIAS (International Mobility in Aging Study)

Background Previous studies observe associations between lifetime parity and cardiovascular disease, but relatively fewer investigate age at first childbirth (AFB). Herein, we examine the association of AFB with a summary cardiovascular risk measure (Framingham Risk Score [FRS]). Methods and Results As part of the IMIAS (International Mobility in Aging Study), data were collected in 2012 among 1047 women, aged 65 to 74 years, from Canada, Albania, Colombia, and Brazil. FRSs were calculated to describe cardiovascular risk profiles, and linear regression analyses were performed, adjusting for early life and socioeconomic variables. Women with an AFB of <20 years were compared with women with an AFB of 20 to 24, 25 to 29, and ≥30 years, as well as nulliparous women. We also compared FRS between combinations of AFB and parity categories: nulliparous women, parity 1 to 3 combined with AFB <20 years, parity ≥4 with AFB <20 years, parity 1 to 3 with AFB ≥20 years, and parity ≥4 with AFB ≥20 years. Women with an AFB of <20 years had a higher mean FRS compared with all other AFB groups. Compared with the lowest AFB risk group (25–29 years), women with an AFB of <20 years had a 5.8‐point higher mean FRS (95% confidence interval, 3.4–8.3 points). Nulliparous women presented the lowest mean FRS in all analyses. The analysis comparing combinations of AFB and parity categories showed no meaningful differences in FRS between women who had 1 to 3 childbirths and those who had ≥4 childbirths within the stratum of AFB <20 years, and in the stratum of AFB ≥20 years. Conclusions Our analyses suggest that nulliparity and AFB, rather than increasing parity, drive the association with cardiovascular disease risk.