Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A pr 2 00 1 A NOTE ON SYMPLECTIC ALGORITHMS

1. It is well known that the symplectic algorithms [1][2] for the finite dimensional Hamiltonian systems are very powerful and successful in numerical calculations in comparison with other various non-symplectic computational schemes since the symplectic schemes preserve the symplectic structure in certain sense. On the other hand, the Lagrangian formalism is quie useful for the Hanmiltonian systems. since the both are important at least in the equal fooding. Therefore, it should be not useless to establish the symplectic algorithms in the Lagrangian formalism. As a matter of fact, the Lagrangian formalism is more or less earier to generalized to the infinite dimensional systems such as classical field theory. In this note we present the symplectic geometry and symplectic algorithm in the Lagrangian formalism in addition to the Hamiltonian one for the finite dimensional Hamiltonian systems with the help of the Euler-Lagrange (EL) cohomological concepts introduced very recently by the authors in [5]. In the course of numerical calculation, the ”time” t ∈ R is always discretized, usually with equal spacing h = ∆t:
The effect of corporate-level organizational factors on the transfer of human resource management practices: European and US MNCs and their Greek subsidiaries

One of the central questions in the literature on MNCs is the extent to which their subsidiaries act and behave as local firms (local isomorphism) versus the extent to which their practices resemble those of the parent company or some other global standard (internal consistency). Drawing on the resource-based view and resource-dependency theory, this paper aims to provide an insight into the interplay of several corporate-level organizational factors that affect the transfer of HRM practices across borders. Data collected from 80 European and US multinationals with subsidiaries in Greece are used to test specific hypotheses. Our results indicate that the level of importance attached to HRM by the MNC's top management and international experience have the highest explanatory power for the transfer of HRM practices, while international competitive strategy, informal control and the presence of expatriates also have a marginally significant influence.
Metabolomic fingerprinting employing DART-TOFMS for authentication of tomatoes and peppers from organic and conventional farming

The rapidly growing demand for organic food requires the availability of analytical tools enabling their authentication. Recently, metabolomic fingerprinting/profiling has been demonstrated as a challenging option for a comprehensive characterisation of small molecules occurring in plants, since their pattern may reflect the impact of various external factors. In a two-year pilot study, concerned with the classification of organic versus conventional crops, ambient mass spectrometry consisting of a direct analysis in real time (DART) ion source and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) was employed. This novel methodology was tested on 40 tomato and 24 pepper samples grown under specified conditions. To calculate statistical models, the obtained data (mass spectra) were processed by the principal component analysis (PCA) followed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The results from the positive ionisation mode enabled better differentiation between organic and conventional samples than the results from the negative mode. In this case, the recognition ability obtained by LDA was 97.5% for tomato and 100% for pepper samples and the prediction abilities were above 80% for both sample sets. The results suggest that the year of production had stronger influence on the metabolomic fingerprints compared with the type of farming (organic versus conventional). In any case, DART-TOFMS is a promising tool for rapid screening of samples. Establishing comprehensive (multi-sample) long-term databases may further help to improve the quality of statistical classification models.
A New Interior Point Method for Nonlinear Complementarity Problem

In this paper, we present a new method of interior point to solve a class of the nonlinear problem of complementarity inspired from a study introduced by Censor et al. This method is regarded as reduction from the variational inequalities problem to a particular case. Under less restrictive constraints, we are able to generate a sequence of nonnegative elements and we establish the global convergence of the proposed algorithm. The introduction of the functions of Bregman allows us to calculate at each iteration two scalars by solving a suitable system and a nonlinear equation for only one variable. Some preliminary numerical results indicate that this method is completely promising. Mathematics Subject Classifications: 58E35, 90C51, 90C33, 65K05.
Priorities for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in the United States.

BACKGROUND The prevention of active tuberculosis through the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection is a major element of the national strategy for eliminating tuberculosis in the United States. Targeted treatment for persons who are at the highest risk for reactivation tuberculosis will be needed to achieve this goal. A more precise assessment of the lifetime risk of reactivation tuberculosis, usually estimated at 5 to 10 percent, could help to identify patients who are at the highest risk and motivate them to complete treatment. Currently, the rate of completion of treatment is low. METHODS Published reports were reviewed to obtain estimates of the risk of tuberculosis among persons with a positive tuberculin skin test. Using these data, I constructed a model to estimate the lifetime risk of tuberculosis among persons with specific medical conditions. RESULTS The lifetime risk of reactivation tuberculosis is 20 percent or more among most persons with induration of 10 mm or more on a tuberculin skin test and either human immunodeficiency virus infection or evidence of old, healed tuberculosis. The lifetime risk is 10 to 20 percent among persons with recent conversion of a tuberculin skin test and among most persons younger than 35 years of age who are receiving infliximab therapy and have induration of 15 mm or more on a tuberculin skin test. The risk is also 10 to 20 percent among children five years of age or younger who have induration of 10 mm or more on a tuberculin skin test. CONCLUSIONS Persons with these characteristics should be targeted for intensive efforts to ensure full treatment of latent tuberculosis. Improved rates of completion of treatment among such persons could help to eliminate tuberculosis in the United States.
Perceptions of the risks and benefits of Internet access and use by people with intellectual disabilities

Accessible summary Both good and bad things can happen when people use the Internet, and people with learning disabilities are not using the Internet as much as other people. Worry about the bad things that can happen online might be one reason people with learning disabilities are not supported to access the Internet as much as other people. We wanted to find out what people without learning disabilities believe about these good and bad things for people with learning disabilities. We wanted to find this out because the way people without disabilities think about the good and bad things online might affect how people with learning disabilities are treated. We found out that people without learning disabilities think that both the good and bad things are more likely to happen to people with learning disabilities when they use the Internet. Abstract Background: Information and communication technologies, with the Internet at the forefront, have the potential to enhance the knowledge, service, employment, development and social interactional opportunities available to people with intellectual disabilities. Despite this, people with intellectual disabilities are not accessing the Internet to the same degree as people without intellectual disabilities. Issues of safety, risk and protection online for people with intellectual disabilities have yet to be adequately investigated, and these currently serve as reasons given for hindering people from gaining online access. Materials and Method: This survey aimed to gauge the views people without intellectual disabilities have of risks and benefits of using the Internet for themselves and for people with intellectual disabilities and to compare self-ratings of risk and benefits to ratings for people with intellectual disabilities. Results: The survey findings indicate that, with only a small number of exceptions, both the risks and benefits of being online were believed to be greater for people with intellectual disabilities compared with those without intellectual disabilities. Greater use of the Internet was associated with increased perception of benefits to being online for both people with intellectual disabilities and for participants. Conclusions: Perceptions of increased benefits suggest more needs to be performed to improve online access whilst a perception of increased risk may help to explain the reduced inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities in the online world.
Internet Social Networks

Recently, online social networks have become one of the most relevant services on the Web. Although the reasons for this success can be manifold, this article underlines the re-articulation of social relationships that are allowed by the new practices of online self-exposure. Two main types of social media can be detected, friendship-driven and interest-oriented. However, one of the main implications of the rise of online social networks lies in the intertwining of those two different uses allowing, in a limited and controlled way, to mix strong and weak ties, conversation and content-sharing, contextual and strategic identity interplay.
Universal rule for the symmetric division of plant cells

The division of eukaryotic cells involves the assembly of complex cytoskeletal structures to exert the forces required for chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. In plants, empirical evidence suggests that tensional forces within the cytoskeleton cause cells to divide along the plane that minimizes the surface area of the cell plate (Errera’s rule) while creating daughter cells of equal size. However, exceptions to Errera’s rule cast doubt on whether a broadly applicable rule can be formulated for plant cell division. Here, we show that the selection of the plane of division involves a competition between alternative configurations whose geometries represent local area minima. We find that the probability of observing a particular division configuration increases inversely with its relative area according to an exponential probability distribution known as the Gibbs measure. Moreover, a comparison across land plants and their most recent algal ancestors confirms that the probability distribution is widely conserved and independent of cell shape and size. Using a maximum entropy formulation, we show that this empirical division rule is predicted by the dynamics of the tense cytoskeletal elements that lead to the positioning of the preprophase band. Based on the fact that the division plane is selected from the sole interaction of the cytoskeleton with cell shape, we posit that the new rule represents the default mechanism for plant cell division when internal or external cues are absent.
Indicators of adult height outcome in classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVE To obtain objective information on the relationship between adult height (AH), glucocorticoid (GC) dose, and degree of hormonal suppression in a population of patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-OHD CAH) to optimize treatment regimes. STUDY DESIGN Multicenter retrospective chart review of patients with salt wasting 21-OHD CAH diagnosed in the first 6 months of life, and who had reached AH (n = 54). The data were compiled into a single database. RESULTS Mean adult height standard deviation score - midparental height standard deviation score was -1.1 for both sexes. Growth velocity was normal during childhood but compromised during infancy and puberty. Onset and tempo of puberty were normal-to-delayed. Bone age was closely correlated with chronologic age (r = 0.93). AH was negatively correlated with androstenedione in infancy (r -0.68; P =.03) and childhood (-0.66; P <.01) and with testosterone in childhood (r -0.44; P =.01), but not with dehydroepiandrosterone or 17-hydroxyprogesterone. GC dose was not associated with AH. CONCLUSIONS Mean AH was in the lower range of genetic potential in this group of persons with 21-OHD CAH. Androgen levels should be used in conjunction with growth velocity measurements to optimize GC dosing in persons with 21-OHD CAH.
Human-robot cooperation: safe pick-and-place operations

We present an industrial robot system whose workspace is supervised by several stationary cameras to ensure safe human-robot cooperations. All robot transfer motions are checked for collision by detecting obstacles using a difference image method. Whenever a collision is detected, the robot motion path is changed accordingly. The presented algorithm enables robots to perform safe pick-and-place operations exhibiting real time behaviour through efficient image processing.
Model checking to find vulnerabilities in an instruction set architecture

Hardware companies conduct extensive testing and verification during the processor design process to reduce the number of errata that persist to the final product. These processes rely on a specification against which to test or verify the design; as a result, they will fail to catch vulnerabilities stemming from errors in the specification itself. In this work we present a model-checking based approach for detecting such vulnerabilities. Our approach is feasible, even for a modern CISC architecture, given the class of properties we are interested in. We demonstrate the value of this approach with a case study of the Intel SYSRET vulnerability.
Invasive Size is an Independent Predictor of Survival in Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma

Current classification of pulmonary adenocarcinoma includes noninvasive bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, mixed subtype adenocarcinoma, and several patterns of invasive carcinoma. The extent of invasion in mixed subtype adenocarcinoma is variable, and prior studies suggest that estimates of extent of desmoplasia or invasion and gross tumor size are predictors of survival. Pathologic review of 178 consecutive primary lung adenocarcinoma resections from 1997 to 2000 was performed blinded to outcome. Lymph node metastases were not present in adenocarcinomas with less then 0.6 cm of invasion. In multivariate analysis and in strata adjusted for stage, measurement of linear extent of invasion was significantly associated with survival whereas gross size measurement alone was not. Significant differences in median survival were observed when patients were divided into noninvasive, microinvasive (<0.6 cm invasion), and invasive subcategories. In conclusion, among lung adenocarcinomas, histologic assessment of invasive growth may provide valuable prognostic information, and tumors with invasion under 0.6 cm have a more indolent clinical course after resection.
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Who Failed Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy Versus Those Who Fully Responded

Background/Aims Refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is very common, affecting up to 40% of the patients receiving proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. However, there is not much information about the clinical characteristics of these patients. The aim of the study is to compare the clinical characteristics of PPI responders vs non-responders. Methods Consecutive GERD patients receiving PPI once or twice daily were evaluated by a questionnaire and a personal interview regarding their demographics, habits, clinical characteristics and endoscopic findings. The patients were divided into 3 groups: Patients who fully responded to PPI once daily (Group A, n = 111), patients who failed PPI once daily (Group B, n = 78) and patients who failed PPI twice daily (Group C, n = 56). Results A total of 245 patients (59.3% females, 52 ± 17.2 years of age) were included in this study. Cross-group differences (A vs B vs C) were detected for hiatal hernia (33% vs 51% vs 52%, P = 0.011); erosive esophagitis (19% vs 51% vs 30%, P < 0.0001); cough (24% vs 44% vs 43%, P = 0.007); sleep disturbances (19% vs 30% vs 38%, P = 0.033); chest symptoms (21% vs 35% vs 41%, P = 0.010); Helicobacter pylori status (25% vs 33% vs 48%, P < 0.0001), disease duration (1.6 ± 0.8 vs 1.9 ± 1.0 vs 2.0 ± 1.1 years, P = 0.007), performed lifestyle interventions (68.5% vs 46.7% vs 69.6%, P = 0.043) and compliance (84% vs 55% vs 46%, P < 0.0001). Conclusions PPI failure (either once or twice daily) appears to be significantly associated with atypical GERD symptoms, disease duration and severity, H. pylori status, obesity, performed lifestyle interventions and compliance as compared with PPI responders.
Directional Variance Adjustment: Bias Reduction in Covariance Matrices Based on Factor Analysis with an Application to Portfolio Optimization

Robust and reliable covariance estimates play a decisive role in financial and many other applications. An important class of estimators is based on factor models. Here, we show by extensive Monte Carlo simulations that covariance matrices derived from the statistical Factor Analysis model exhibit a systematic error, which is similar to the well-known systematic error of the spectrum of the sample covariance matrix. Moreover, we introduce the Directional Variance Adjustment (DVA) algorithm, which diminishes the systematic error. In a thorough empirical study for the US, European, and Hong Kong stock market we show that our proposed method leads to improved portfolio allocation.
Multicentre European study of thalamic stimulation in essential tremor: a six year follow up

Background: Thalamic stimulation is an efficient treatment for disabling essential tremor, as previously shown, but follow up has mostly been short term. Objectives: To see whether good results can be maintained in the longer term. Methods: 37 patients with essential tremor had implantation of a thalamic stimulator, either unilaterally or bilaterally. The results at one year have been reported earlier. After six years, 19 patients were available for follow up. The main instrument for evaluation was the essential tremor rating scale. The patients were examined with pulse generators turned on and off. Results: In the majority of patients, the very good results with stimulation seen at one year were maintained after a mean of 6.5 years. The reduction in tremor scores and improvement in activities of daily living were highly significant compared with baseline and with the stimulation turned off. There were few serious adverse events. Minor side effects related to stimulation were common. Few device related complications were observed and most could be resolved. Conclusions: Good reduction in tremor can be maintained for more than six years in the majority of these severely disabled patients. Thalamic stimulation can be recommended in essential tremor where there is insufficient response to drug treatment. Surgical procedures and follow up should be concentrated in relatively few centres, which will thereby acquire a high degree of expertise.
State of the Art in Example‐Based Motion Synthesis for Virtual Characters in Interactive Applications

Animated virtual human characters are a common feature in interactive graphical applications, such as computer and video games, online virtual worlds and simulations. Due to dynamic nature of such applications, character animation must be responsive and controllable in addition to looking as realistic and natural as possible. Though procedural and physics‐based animation provide a great amount of control over motion, they still look too unnatural to be of use in all but a few specific scenarios, which is why interactive applications nowadays still rely mainly on recorded and hand‐crafted motion clips. The challenge faced by animation system designers is to dynamically synthesize new, controllable motion by concatenating short motion segments into sequences of different actions or by parametrically blending clips that correspond to different variants of the same logical action. In this article, we provide an overview of research in the field of example‐based motion synthesis for interactive applications. We present methods for automated creation of supporting data structures for motion synthesis and describe how they can be employed at run‐time to generate motion that accurately accomplishes tasks specified by the AI or human user.
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An improved image dehazing algorithm based on dark channel prior

Image dehazing algorithm based on dark channel prior has been proved to be effective, but it cannot still guarantee accurate transmission. To solve this problem, we firstly propose a more reasonable estimation of atmospheric light, because bias in the atmospheric light estimation will cause an inaccurate transmission. Secondly, we improve the estimation of transmission in bright area so as to alleviate color distortion. After image recovery, we carry out denoising to improve the image quality. Finally, we use a blind image quality assessment method based on property of Human Visual System, and the experimental results show that this improved algorithm is more effective.