Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recognition of the importance of embolization in atherosclerotic vascular disease.

It is uncommon in medicine for emerging data to completely transform a field, particularly in such a common disease state as atherosclerotic vascular disease. New evidence from multiple fronts has underscored the frequency and prognostic importance of atherosclerotic embolization in the microvasculature. Until recently, we have had limited access to diagnose microvascular obstruction in living patients. With the availability of imaging technology that includes magnetic resonance, myocardial contrast echocardiography, and transcerebral or transcranial Doppler (TCD), microvascular obstruction has been documented in a far greater proportion of patients than ever conceived. The linkage between microvascular obstruction and unfavorable long-term clinical prognosis has been established in many series. Furthermore, therapeutics shown to reduce microvascular obstruction have improved clinical outcomes. The purpose of this article is to present the case for a disturbingly and unexpectedly high rate of arterial embolization in certain atherosclerotic conditions and to review the promise of newer therapeutics or devices to reduce the risk or ameliorate the sequelae of embolization. Acute myocardial infarction (MI) has been accepted to be related primarily to a fissured, eroded, or ruptured plaque.1 2 3 4 5 This event leads to exposure of subendothelial matrix, with attendant platelet aggregation, thrombus, and occlusion of a major epicardial vessel. In a continuum, unstable angina and non–ST-segment-elevation MI also are indexed to a breech of the arterial wall, but the resultant thrombus is usually mural, not occlusive. Embolization of plaque contents of platelet-thrombus into the microvasculature has been reported in some patients with these acute coronary syndromes, but it has been generally believed to be uncommon.1 2 6 7 In some cases of sudden death, the process of embolization has been speculated to play an important role. It is nevertheless surprising that systematic pathological studies of the microvasculature of the postmortem heart infarct territory have …
Change Impact Analysis with Stochastic Dependencies

Researchers have shown that software change impact analysis (IA) can be improved by investigating logical coupling embodied in revision histories. However, prevailing historybased IA techniques do not take the temporal dimension of revision history into consideration to account for design evolution. In this paper, we formalize logical coupling as a stochastic process using a Markov chain model. By varying the length and the smoothing function of the model, we define a family of stochastic dependencies. Each member of this family weights historical data differently according to their recency and frequency. To assess its utility, we conduct IA on 86 releases of five open source systems by using 16 members of the stochastic dependency family and compare with the result of several existing approaches. Our results show that in four out of the five systems, our stochastic-based IA technique is the most accurate.
A Logical Framework for Reputation Systems

Reputation systems are meta systems that record, aggregate and distribute information about the past behaviour of principals in an application. Typically, these applications are large-scale open distributed systems where principals are virtually anonymous, and (a priori) have no knowledge about the trustworthiness of each other. Reputation systems serve two primary purposes: helping principals decide whom to trust, and providing an incentive for principals to well-behave. A logical policy-based framework for reputation systems is presented. In the framework, principals specify policies which state precise requirements on the past behaviour of other principals that must be fulfilled in order for interaction to take place. The framework consists of a formal model of behaviour, based on event structures; a declarative logical language for specifying properties of past behaviour; and efficient dynamic algorithms for checking whether a particular behaviour satisfies a property from the language. It is shown how the framework can be extended in several ways, most notably to encompass parameterized events and quantification over parameters. In an extended application, it is illustrated how the framework can be applied for dynamic history-based access control for safe execution of unknown and untrusted programs.
Diffusion Abnormalities and Reduced Volume of the Ventral Cingulum Bundle in Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum: A 3T Imaging Study

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Patients with agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) exhibit cognitive and behavioral impairments that are not replicated by surgical transection of the callosum, suggesting that other anatomic changes may contribute to the observed clinical findings. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the ventral cingulum bundle (VCB) is affected in patients with AgCC by using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and volumetry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve participants with AgCC (8 males and 4 females; mean age, 30 ± 20) and 12 control subjects matched for age and sex (mean age, 37 ± 19) underwent MR imaging and DTI at 3T. 3D fiber tracking of the VCB was generated from DTI and the average fractional anisotropy (FA) was computed for the tracked fibers. Additionally, the volume, cross-sectional area, and length of the VCB were measured by manually drawn regions of interest on thin-section coronal T1-weighted images. The Student t test was used to compare these results. RESULTS: Compared with controls, subjects with AgCC demonstrated significantly reduced FA in the right VCB (P = .0098) and reduced volume and cross-sectional areas of both the left and right VCB (P < .001 for all metrics). The length of the VCB was also significantly reduced in the complete AgCC subgroup compared with controls (P = .030 in the right and P = .046 in the left, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with AgCC have abnormal microstructure and reduced volume of the VCB, suggesting that abnormalities in intrahemispheric white matter tracts may be an important contributor to the clinical syndrome in patients with AgCC.
A Two-Dimension Process in Explaining Learners' Collaborative Behaviors in CSCL

Computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL) has captured many educators and researchers to contribute their efforts on this domain. This study proposed a two-dimension concept to explain learners' collaboration behaviors in a CSCL laboratory setting. A two-dimension process, namely perceptual dimensions and supportive dimensions, is useful to explain why learners' are willing to collaborate online. One hundred undergraduate students were divided into 20 work groups, each group consisting of 5 members. The result showed different group composition of extraverts will influence learners' perceptual dimension of group context variables, which in turn will be associated with supportive dimension of CSCL process. We conclude that educators and CSCL developers should focus not only on the technical factors of system development, but also on learners' psychological factors because of its impacts on the latter process-supportive dimension which especially stands for learners' collective behaviors of collaboration.
Multimodal emotion estimation and emotional synthesize for interaction virtual agent

In this study, we create a 3D interactive virtual character based on multi-modal emotional recognition and rule based emotional synthesize techniques. This agent estimates users' emotional state by combining the information from the audio and facial expression with CART and boosting. For the output module of the agent, the voice is generated by TTS (Text-to-Speech)system by freely given text. The synchronous visual information of agent, including facial expression, head motion, gesture and body animation, are generated by multi-modal mapping from motion capture database. A kind of high level behavior markerup language(hBML) which contains five keywords is used to drive the animation of virtual agent for emotional expression. Experiments show that this virtual character is considered natural and realistic in multimodal interaction environments.
Using Twisted Alexander Polynomials to Detect Fiberdness

In this paper we use twisted Alexander polynomials to prove that the exterior of a particular graph knot is not fibered. Then we build three 2-component graph links out of this knot, and use similar techniques to discuss their fiberedness. Acknowledgement: This work was done in preparation for the author’s dissertation. I would like to thank my advisor, Stefano Vidussi.
Surface geometry from cusps of apparent contours

It is known that the deformations of the apparent contours of a surface under perspective projection and viewer motion enable the recovery of the geometry of the surface, for example by utilising the epipolar parametrization. These methods break down with apparent contours that are singular i.e. with cusps. In this paper, we study this situation in detail and show how, nevertheless, the surface geometry (including the Gauss curvature and mean curvature of the surface) can be recovered by following the cusps. Indeed the formulae are much simpler in this case, and require lower spatio-temporal derivatives than in the general case of nonsingular apparent contours. We give a simulated example, and also show that following cusps does not by itself provide us with information on ego-motion. <<ETX>>
Balancing Selection and Its Effects on Sequences in Nearby Genome Regions

Our understanding of balancing selection is currently becoming greatly clarified by new sequence data being gathered from genes in which polymorphisms are known to be maintained by selection. The data can be interpreted in conjunction with results from population genetics models that include recombination between selected sites and nearby neutral marker variants. This understanding is making possible tests for balancing selection using molecular evolutionary approaches. Such tests do not necessarily require knowledge of the functional types of the different alleles at a locus, but such information, as well as information about the geographic distribution of alleles and markers near the genes, can potentially help towards understanding what form of balancing selection is acting, and how long alleles have been maintained.
Mining Test Repositories for Automatic Detection of UI Performance Regressions in Android Apps

The reputation of a mobile app vendor is crucial to survive amongst the ever increasing competition. However this reputation largely depends on the quality of the apps, both functional and non-functional. One major non-functional requirement of mobile apps is to guarantee smooth UI interactions, since choppy scrolling or navigation caused by performance problems on a mobile device’s limited hardware resources, is highly annoying for end-users. The main research challenge of automatically identifying UI performance problems on mobile devices is that the performance of an app highly varies depending on its context—i.e., the hardware and software configurations on which it runs. This paper presents DUNE, an approach to automatically detect UI performance degradations in Android apps while taking into account context differences. First, DUNE builds an ensemble model of the UI performance metrics of an app from a repository of historical test runs that are known to be acceptable, for different configurations of context. Then, DUNE uses this model to flag UI performance deviations (regressions and optimizations) in new test runs. We empirically evaluate DUNE on real UI performance defects reported in two Android apps, and one manually injected defect in a third app. We demonstrate that this toolset can be successfully used to spot UI performance regressions at a fine granularity.
Live scatterplots

Scatterplots have been used to help understand clone relationships in large scale systems since the earliest large system studies more than a decade ago. They often expose interesting patterns of cloning between subsystems and point to opportunities for further analysis. However, the remaining question when such patterns are seen is always, "but what is that? " Live scatterplots are aimed at providing an immediate, intuitive answer that can help the analyst to quickly identify and access subsystems and clones involved in a pattern simply by directly pointing at it in the scatterplot. Live scatterplots exploit the table, title and hyperlink tags of standard HTML to provide this ability in any standard browser, without the need for custom frameworks.
Semantic web-based aggregation of Indonesian open development data

Open data published by the various stakeholders of Indonesian development together paint a comprehensive picture on the state of development in Indonesia. However, at present such data are published through separate outlets and in various different formats. To increase the value of existing available open data on Indonesian development, this paper aims to create a web-based software application that uses Semantic Web technologies to aggregate open data on Indonesian development from multiple sources. The resulting application was evaluated by users and was found to have satisfied users' needs.
Keck Spectroscopy of Globular Clusters in the Sombrero Galaxy

We analyze high signal-to-noise spectra for 14 globular clusters (GCs) in the Sombrero galaxy, NGC 4594 (= M104), obtained with the LRIS spectrograph on the Keck I telescope. We find generally good agreement between spectroscopic metallicities and previous photometric metallicities based on V-I colors. Further, we use measurements of various Balmer line indices on co-added spectra of metal-poor and metal-rich GCs to estimate ages for the GC subpopulations and find ages of 10–15 Gyr, with preferred ages around 11–12 Gyr and no detectable differences between the metal-rich and metal-poor subpopulations. However, because of model and measurement uncertainties, age differences of a few (2–3) gigayears cannot be ruled out. We also measure α-to-iron abundance ratios from Mg and TiO features and find enhancements on the order of [α/Fe] ∼ +0.4, similar to the [α/Fe] abundance ratios observed in other old stellar populations. Finally, we combine our sample with radial velocities for 34 GCs from Bridges et al. and obtain virial and projected masses for the Sombrero of MVT = (8.1 ± 1.8) × 1011 M⊙ and MP = (5.3 ± 1.0) × 1011 M⊙ within 17 kpc, respectively. Using 12 clusters within the central 4.5 kpc the corresponding numbers are MVT = (2.1 ± 1. 1) × 1011 M⊙ and MP = (2.0 ± 1.3) × 1011 M⊙.
A Field-Pipeline Leakage Detection Method Based on Negative Pressure Wave and Improved Fast Differential Algorithm

Field-pipeline operations are more easily affected by complex environment in comparison of common long-distance pipeline. Its failures such as leakage demand to be dealt with more urgently and efficiently. This paper proposes a leakage detection method based on the improved fast differential algorithm on the basis of negative pressure wave detection theory. The method can achieve high sensitivity with restraining false alarm rate through fluctuation assessment of sampling average value. The paper shows an experiment example and compares with the wavelet transform method.The proposed method not only possesses a faster computing rate, but a capability of detecting small leakage. Thus it canadapt to rapid response under field-environment.
Exploring Healthy Connection: Communication, Social Networks, and Wellbeing

Virtual social connection has become a way of life for many people. The continued implementation of new technologies in social interaction presents an ever-escalating need for researchers and practitioners to understand the implications of mediated interaction and virtual communities on human health and wellbeing. Accordingly, this chapter presents research on the salience of communication and social bonds in relation to human health and wellbeing, explores ways in which individual as well as relational health and wellbeing are affected by the use of social network sites, and argues a case for research on the health-related functions of expressive narratives in virtual settings such as online social networks. Considerations and future directions for research of these issues conclude this chapter.
MARKOV DECISION PROCESSES WITH GENERAL DISCOUNT FUNCTIONS

In Markov Decision Processes, the discount function determines how much the reward for each point in time adds to the value of the process, and thus deeply a ects the optimal policy. Two cases of discount functions are well known and analyzed. The rst is no discounting at all, which correspond to the totaland average-reward criteria. The second case is a constant discount rate, which leads to a decreasing exponential discount function. However, other discount functions appear in many models, including those of human decisionmaking and learning, making it interesting and possibly useful to investigate other functions. We review results for a weighted sum of several discount functions with di erent cost functions, showing that nite models with this criterion have optimal policies which are stationary from a xed time N, aptly called Nstationary. We review a proof for their existence and an algorithm for their computation, as well as remark on the structure of these policies as the discount factors vary. We then discuss two attempts to generalize the results for weighted exponential discount functions. The rst is a hypothesis for a sum of di erent general discount function with certain exponential bounds, in the spirit of the results for the exponential case. We show via counterexample that despite the intuitive appeal of the hypothesis, it is in fact not true, and make some remarks on why this is so. Our second attempt at generalization is to represent a general discount function as an in nite sum of decreasing exponential functions with constant coe cients. We give convergence conditions on the sum under which the previously established results can be extended to enable us to nd an optimal policy for it. We discuss two examples that clarify our results, and connect them to areas which require non-exponential discount functions. The work is concluded by an example of a model with a monotonic discount function that has no optimal N-stationary policy.
A New Approach to Image Authentication Using Chaotic Map and Sudoku Puzzle

Collision detection is one of most important techniques in machine control. In RoboCup (robot project) 4-legged league, a collision causes an incorrect localization. Recently collision detection methods using joint data and methods using acceleration sensors were proposed. But they needed a lot of memories or often caused false recognition. We propose three methods to detect collision using frequency analysis data of acceleration sensors in low frequencies. Comparing with recent methods, our proposed methods have advantages in compactness of consuming memories and accuracy of collision detection. This methods can be applied to multimedia signal data other than acceleration sensor data.
A Multiband Antenna for Mobile Phones

Antennas for mobile phone handsets are generally required to have such characteristics as compactness, complete built-in mountability, multiband operation and environmental isolation, as well as broad bandwidth and high efficiency. However, conventional technologies represented by planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) are reaching their limit of improvement to meet the market requirements. In an effort to better such a situation, we have developed a novel model of antenna --for single band and multiband operation-- best suited for mobile phone handsets through full utilization of electromagnetic simulation techniques. The antenna developed here features the use of a specific radiator pattern and a resin of high dielectric constant, both belonging to Furukawa Electric's proprietary technologies, and it was confirmed that the performance of the antenna is comparable to that of conventional PIFA, whereas its volume is as small as one tenth of its counterparts. ABSTRACT
Dynamics of the baseball–bat collision

A model is developed for the collision between the baseball and bat, taking into account the transverse bending vibrations of the bat. By coupling the flexible bat to the ball via a parametrized force that each mutually exerts on the other, a complete description of the collision process is obtained, including the exit speed of the ball vf. It is shown that vibrations play an important role in determining vf. The model is in excellent agreement with experimental data at low impact velocities. At the higher velocities more appropriate to the game of baseball, vf is shown to coincide with the rigid-body value only over a very small region in the barrel of the bat and to drop off sharply for impacts removed from that region. Some interesting insights into the collision process are obtained, including the observation that for impacts in the barrel of the bat, the momentum transferred to the ball is essentially complete by the time the elastic wave first arrives at the handle and that any clamping action of th.
A comparative study of single-section polarization-mode dispersion compensators

This paper shows how to use multiple importance sampling to study the performance of polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) compensators with a single differential group delay (DGD) element. We compute the eye opening penalty margin for compensated and uncompensated systems with outage probabilities of 10/sup -5/ or less with a fraction of the computational cost required by standard Monte Carlo methods. This paper shows that the performance of an optimized compensator with a fixed DGD element is comparable to that of a compensator with a variable DGD element. It also shows that the optimal value of the DGD compensator is two to three times larger than the mean DGD of the transmission line averaged over fiber realizations. This technique can be applied to the optimization of any PMD compensator whose dominant sources of residual penalty are both the DGD and the length of the frequency derivative of the polarization-dispersion vector.