Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Envelope Type (E-Type) Module: Asymmetric Multilevel Inverters With Reduced Components

This paper presents a new E-type module for asymmetrical multilevel inverters (MLIs) with reduced components. Each module produces 13 levels with four unequal dc sources and 10 switches. The design of the proposed module makes some preferable features with a better quality than similar modules such as the low number of semiconductors and dc sources and low switching frequency. Also, this module is able to create a negative level without any additional circuit such as an H-bridge, which causes reduction of voltage stress on switches. Cascade connection of the proposed structure leads to a modular topology with more levels and higher voltages. Selective harmonics elimination pulse width modulation (SHE-PWM) scheme is used to achieve high-quality output voltage with lower harmonics. MATLAB simulations and practical results are presented to validate the proposed module good performance. Module output voltage satisfies harmonics standard (IEEE519) without any filter in output.
Experiences with Practice-Focused Undergraduate Security Education

The combination of competitive security exercises and hands-on learning represents a powerful approach for teaching information system security. Although creating and maintaining such a course can be difficult, the benefits to learning are worthwhile. Our undergraduate Information Assurance course is practice-focused and makes substantial use of competitive exercises, such as the National Security Agency Cyber Defense Exercise, to promote learning. We recount experiences and lessons learned from creating and conducting this course.
Coronary artery calcification is inversely related to body morphology in patients with significant coronary artery disease: a three-dimensional intravascular ultrasound study.

AIMS Emerging data have indicated unexpected complexity in the regulation of vascular and bone calcification. In particular, several recent studies have challenged the concept of a universally positive relationship between body morphology [weight, height, body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA)] and the extent of vascular calcification. We sought to clarify these discrepancies and investigated the relationship between index lesion coronary artery calcification (CAC) and body morphology in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using three-dimensional intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed CAC in patients who underwent PCI with pre-intervention IVUS imaging. The main outcome measure was the calcium index (CalcIndex); a three-dimensional IVUS-derived measure of total calcification per obstructive coronary lesion. A total of 346 patients (65.3 ± 10.6 years; 29.5% females) underwent PCI with IVUS-based CAC assessment. CalcIndex was categorized as zero-low (0-0.1399; n = 152) or intermediate-high (0.1400-1.2541; n = 194). All measures of body morphology were lower in patients with intermediate-high CalcIndex (height, P = 0.024; weight, P = 0.008; BMI, P = 0.064; BSA, P = 0.005). In adjusted multivariable models, weight and BSA were independent inverse predictors of intermediate-high CalcIndex [weight: odds ratio (OR) 0.986, P = 0.017; BSA: OR 0.323, P = 0.012] while CalcIndex also trended towards an inverse association with both height (P = 0.068) and BMI (P = 0.064). These independent inverse associations were consistent across multiple clinical subgroups, including stratification by age, race, gender, diabetes, and renal impairment. CONCLUSION Using three-dimensional IVUS to assess vascular calcification, these data confirm an independent, inverse relationship between body size and index lesion CAC in patients with obstructive coronary artery disease.
A Composite Calculation for Author Activity in Wikis: Accuracy Needed

Researchers of computer science and social science are increasingly interested in the Social Web and its applications. To improve existing infrastructures, to evaluate the success of available services, and to build new virtual communities and their applications, an understanding of dynamics and evolution of inherent social and informational structures is essential. One key question is how communities which exist in these applications are structured in terms of author contributions. Are there similar contribution patterns in different applications? For example, does the so called onion model revealed from open source software communities apply to Social Web applications as well? In this study, author contributions in the open content project Wikipedia are investigated. Previous studies to evaluate author contributions mainly concentrate on editing activities. Extending this approach, the added significant content and investigation of which author groups contribute the majority of content in terms of activity and significance are considered. Furthermore, the social information space is described by a dynamic collaboration network and the topic coverage of authors is analyzed. In contrast to existing approaches, the position of an author in a social network is incorporated. Finally, a new composite calculation to evaluate author contributions in Wikis is proposed. The action, the content contribution, and the connectedness of an author are integrated into one equation in order to evaluate author activity.
A relatedness benchmark to test the role of determiners in compositional distributional semantics

Distributional models of semantics capture word meaning very effectively, and they have been recently extended to account for compositionally-obtained representations of phrases made of content words. We explore whether compositional distributional semantic models can also handle a construction in which grammatical terms play a crucial role, namely determiner phrases (DPs). We introduce a new publicly available dataset to test distributional representations of DPs, and we evaluate state-of-the-art models on this set.
Incorporating external information in analyses of clinical trials with binary outcomes

External information, such as prior information or expert opinions, can play an important role in the design, analysis and interpretation of clinical trials. However, little attention has been devoted thus far to incorporating external information in clinical trials with binary outcomes, perhaps due to the perception that binary outcomes can be treated as normally-distributed outcomes by using normal approximations. In this paper we show that these two types of clinical trials could behave differently, and that special care is needed for the analysis of clinical trials with binary outcomes. In particular, we first examine a simple but commonly used univariate Bayesian approach and observe a technical flaw. We then study the full Bayesian approach using different beta priors and a new frequentist approach based on the notion of confidence distribution (CD). These approaches are illustrated and compared using data from clinical studies and simulations. The full Bayesian approach is theoretically sound, but surprisingly, under skewed prior distributions, the estimate derived from the marginal posterior distribution may not fall between those from the marginal prior and the likelihood of clinical trial data. This counterintuitive phenomenon, which we call the "discrepant posterior phenomenon," does not occur in the CD approach. The CD approach is also computationally simpler and can be applied directly to any prior distribution, symmetric or skewed.
Why Are Public Values Toward Wildlife Changing?

While there is an assumption that values toward wildlife have changed in the United States over the last half of the twentieth century, few studies have addressed this topic. This article overviews a research program designed to examine wildlife value orientation shift in the U.S. Theory and empirical research suggest that increasing affluence, education, and urbanization, and declining residential stability drive value shift. We tested whether these factors are associated with the proportion of individuals with traditional "Materialist" values and a utilitarian orientation toward wildlife across six western states (Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, North Dakota, and South Dakota). We conducted state-level analysis and found that the proportion of "traditionalists" within a state is strongly and inversely related to level of income, urbanization, and education, and positively related to residential stability. Results provide support for explanation that if current economic and social trends continue, a sustained erosion of traditional orientations toward wildlife is likely. This forms a key hypothesis to be tested in further research on this topic.
Advanced human factors Process Failure Modes and Effects analysis

Process Failure Mode and Effects analysis (PFMEA) is a technique to identify, analyze and evaluate the potential failure modes of a production process. The purpose is to suggest control measures to reduce the risk of the production process effectively. NASA has used the PFMEA technique to analyze human processes or tasks. This type of analysis can be referred to as a "human factors process FMEA, HF-FMEA". HF-FMEA breaks down a task process into discrete steps so the actions associated with a process step can be specifically analyzed for potential failure. For each action performed, all potential human errors are identified. Each error is then evaluated to identify positive and negative contributing factors, barriers, and controls. The aim of these works is to give risk reduction measures to minimize the risk of human process. Although HF-PFMEA has achieved significant achievements in the analysis of human factors, the technique itself is still to be improved. For example, the technique has no generic method to decompose the task, and it is difficult to identify human operational errors comprehensively. This paper proposes some solutions to the shortcomings of the conventional approach. Advanced HF-PFMEA integrates several important concepts that distinguish it from conventional HF-FMEA, including: (1) suggest a method to break down task process according to the sequence and logicality of task process, (2) use hazard and operability study (HAZOP) to analyze human operational errors. The operational errors can be identified by determining guidewords and process parameters.
Recursive estimation of the covariance matrix of a compound-Gaussian process and its application to adaptive CFAR detection

Adaptive detection of signals embedded in Gaussian or non-Gaussian noise is a problem of primary concern among radar engineers. We propose a recursive algorithm to estimate the structure of the covariance matrix of either a set of Gaussian vectors that share the spectral properties up to a multiplicative factor or a set of spherically invariant random vectors (SIRVs) with the same covariance matrix and possibly correlated texture components. We also assess the performance of an adaptive implementation of the normalized matched filter (NMF), relying on the newly introduced estimate, in the presence of compound-Gaussian, clutter-dominated, disturbance. In particular, it is shown that a proper initialization of the recursive procedure leads to an adaptive NMF with the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) property and that it is very effective to operate in heterogeneous environments of relevant practical interest.
Competition graphs of semiorders and the conditions C(p) and C*(p)

Given a digraph D, its competition graph has the same vertex set and an edge between two vertices x and y if there is a vertex u so that (x, u) and (y, u) are arcs of D. Motivated by a problem of communications, we study the competition graphs of the special digraphs known as semiorders. This leads us to define a conditions on digraphs called C(p) and C(p) and to study the graphs arising as competition graphs of acyclic digraphs satisfying conditions C(p) or C∗(p).
A millimeter wave broadband GaAs power amplifier with balanced bias feedings for stability enhancement

This paper presents a fully integrated V-band 3-stage-cascaded power amplifier (PA). It was designed and manufactured in a microchip. The microchip includes the PA Core, biasing circuits, and the matching networks. The purpose of using three stages is not only to maximize gain but also to increase isolation against reflections to achieve good linearity. The PA has been optimized for broadband operation and high stability. The designed PA has achieved a broad operating band from 37.8 GHz to 43.5 GHz with a measured flat gain of 13.8 dB. The input 1-dB gain compression point remains approximately 18 dBm over the entire frequency band. More importantly, the excellent stability has been realized by using balanced bias feeding lines, on-chip resistance structures, and feedback loops.
Optimality of greedy power control and variable spreading gain in multi-class CDMA mobile networks

In this paper, we consider a DS-CDMA mobile network supporting real-time and non-real-time services. We study how the delay tolerance of non-real-time traffic can be exploited to allow both transmission power control and variable spreading gain (transmission rate control) as mechanisms to optimally adapt the received energy per bit to the current channel conditions and efficiently manage the multiple access interference so as to optimize performance. We provide the jointly optimal power and spreading gain allocation strategy that maximizes non-real-time throughput subject to constraints on peak transmission power and maximum interference generated by non-real-time sources. We show that under the optimal strategy, the optimal spreading gains are inverse linear in the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), and transmission power is allocated to the non-realtime sources in decreasing order of channel gain according to a greedy control strategy: The sources with the highest quality channels transmit at maximum power, while the sources with the lowest quality channels do not transmit. The number of non-real-time sources permitted to transmit simultaneously decreases as the peak transmission power increases, and there is at most a 3 dB difference in SlNR between permitting all sources to transmit and permitting only one source to transmit. We also present numerical results comparing the throughput and delay performance of the optimal strategy with other common strategies; the optimal strategy can offer substantial performance gains.
Probing Approximate TMR in Error Resilient Applications for Better Design Tradeoffs

Approximate TMR (ATMR) is an approach towards logic masking of soft errors through utilization of approximate circuit modules in order to achieve performance benefits such as area, delay and power consumption. In this work, we propose a novel technique for efficient utilization of acceptable error rate threshold for error resilient applications to perform logic masking. The novelty of the method lies in the systematic methodology for development of ATMR modules with better design tradeoffs. Experimental results and comparative analysis reflect how acceptable error rate threshold is used through a systematic method for ATMR development with minimum overhead.
Medical management of unruptured interstitial pregnancy with mifepristone and methotrexate

Ectopic pregnancy is a serious complication of pregnancy in which embryo gets implanted any where other than the uterine cavity. In interstitial pregnancy, the pregnancy is located in that part of the fallopian tube that penetrates the muscular layer of the uterus. Overall incidence of ectopic pregnancy is one to two percent among which the incidence of interstitial pregnancy is only two percent. Interstitial pregnancy being the hazardous type requires immediate management. Though surgical treatment is the management of choice, its association with decreased fertility rate and increased rate of uterine rupture in future pregnancy cannot be ignored. We hereby report of medical management of interstitial ectopic pregnancy with single oral dose of Mifepristone 200mg along with single dose of Methotrexate 50miligram intramuscularly. Journal of Kathmandu Medical College, Vol. 4(1) 2015, 34-36
Feline panleukopenia virus replicates in cells in which cellular DNA synthesis is blocked

The components of the cell cycle for a feline embryo cell line were defined. Thymidine (6mM)-supplemented medium reversibly arrested cells 1 h into the S phase of the cell cycle and was used in a double blocking procedure to synchronize cells to the early S phase. The kinetics of feline panleukopenia virus replication in synchronized cells was studied by using (i) inclusion body formation, (ii) a plaque assay for cell-associated and cell-free virus under one-step growth conditions, (iii) an enzyme immunoassay for viral protein, (iv) electron microscopy of infected cells, and (v) the detection and identification of viral replicative form DNA by restriction endonuclease analysis. Parallel studies by each of these procedures of the replication of feline panleukopenia virus in cells in which a 6 mM thymidine block was maintained indicated that parvovirus replicated with essentially similar kinetics in both unblocked, synchronized cells and in cells in which the block was maintained. Accordingly, a 6 mM thymidine-supplemented medium, although it effectively blocks cellular DNA synthesis, does not block the replication of parvovirus.
Implementation of arbitrary waveform generator using direct RF synthesis

Along with the DAC technology evolved, it is possible to implement direct RF synthesis using exclusively digital technologies and it promote the rapid progress of transmitter technology for software defined radio (SDR). This paper presents implementation structure of an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) using direct RF synthesis in FPGA, which include RF carrier generator and RF modulator, can be used to generate a wideband tuning and very fast frequency switching arbitrary waveform.
Avaliação multi-informe do traço de neuroticismo em escolares

The present research evaluates the dimension of Neuroticism in school children using a multi-source design that includes self-report, parents' and teachers' reports, semi-structured interview and behavior observation. Specifically, the study intended to verify the agreement level in evaluation of Neuroticism from different sources of information. The sample [N= 368] "Estudo Longitudinal de Avaliacao das Competencias Psicologicas das Criancas do Centro Pedagogico/Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais". Two self-report scales were used to select children with hight and low Neuroticism - Big Five Questionnaire for Children and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Junior. A sub sample of 68 children was submitted to a multi-source assessment. The results demonstrated moderate correlations between both Neuroticism scales used. There was not any significant association among parents' and teachers' reports when they evaluated Neuroticism, but were found positive associations between self-report and multi-source assessment. Behavioral observations were not useful in the measurement of traits. The reasons of these results are discussed. To sum-up, this research brought up important contributions to the personality literature, regarding the Neuroticism multi-source assessment in Brazilian children.
Genotyping-by-Sequencing Facilitates a High-Density Consensus Linkage Map for Aegilops umbellulata, a Wild Relative of Cultivated Wheat

High-density genetic maps are useful to precisely localize QTL or genes that might be used to improve traits of nutritional and/or economical importance in crops. However, high-density genetic maps are lacking for most wild relatives of crop species, including wheat. Aegilops umbellulata is a wild relative of wheat known for its potential as a source of biotic and abiotic stress resistance genes. In this work, we have developed a framework consensus genetic map using two biparental populations derived from accessions PI 298905, PI 542369, PI 5422375, and PI 554395. The framework map comprised 3009 genotype-by-sequence SNPs with a total map size of 948.72 cM. On average, there were three SNPs per centimorgan for each chromosome. Chromosome 1U was the shortest (66.5 cM), with only 81 SNPs, whereas the remaining chromosomes had between 391 and 591 SNP markers. A total of 2395 unmapped SNPs were added to the linkage maps through a recombination frequency approach, and increased the number of SNPs placed on the consensus map to a total of 5404 markers. Segregation distortion was disproportionally high for chromosome 1U for both populations used to construct component linkage maps, and thus segregation distortion could be one of the probable reasons for the exceptionally reduced linkage size for chromosome 1U. From comparative analysis, Ae. umbellulata chromosomes except 4U showed moderate to strong collinearity with corresponding homeologous chromosomes of hexaploid wheat and barley. The present consensus map may serve as a reference map in QTL mapping and validation projects, and also in genome assembly to develop a reference genome sequence for Ae. umbellulata.
Halothane Enhances Suppression of Spinal Sensitization by Intrathecal Morphine in the Rat Formalin Test

BackgroundInjection of formalin in the hindpaw of the rat induces intense C-fiber activity accompanied by brief flinching of the Injected paw (phase 1) and gives rise to facilitated spinal processing characterized by renewed flinching beginning 15 min after injury and lasting 40 min or more (phase 2). In previous work, isoflurane, administered during phase 1, slightly reduced phase-2 activity, whereas the addition of intrathecal morphine dramatically inhibited phase 2, even with naloxone reversal 6 min after the formalin Injection. We used a similar model to determine whether intrathecal morphine could block spinal sensitization in the absence of Inhalation anesthetic. MethodsHot plate tests at 52°C and radiant heat-evoked hindpaw withdrawal tests were used to determine optimal doses of agonists and antagonists. The formalin test was carried out on male Sprague-Dawley rats, which were divided into five groups. A combination of naloxone 0.5 mg/kg and naltrexone 0.5 mg/kg was administered subcutancously 6 min after the formalin injection to all animals except controls (group 1) to prevent ongoing opioid effect. Groups 1–3 received intrathecal saline, and groups 4 and 5 received intrathecal morphine 30 μg 20 min before formalin injection. Halothane was administered for 1–2 min to facilitate formalin injection for groups 1, 2, and 4. In groups 3 and 5 halothane was administered from 5 min before to 6 min after formalin injection. The number of flinches per minute was counted 1 and 5 min after formalin administration and thereafter at 5-min intervals for 1 h. The total number of flinches at 1 and 5 min was considered as phase-1 activity, and the total number of flinches during the 10–60-mln Interval was considered as phase 2. ResultsPhase-2 activity for groups 1 and 2 was nearly identical, demonstrating no appreciable effect of the opioid antagonists alone. Groups 3 (halothane alone) and 4 (morphine alone) exhibited a significant decrease in phase-2 activity. Group 5 (morphine plus halothane) demonstrated a profound decrease in phase-2 activity, which was significantly more profound than that of groups 3 or 4. ConclusionsIntrathecal morphine, administered before formalin injection but antagonized before the onset of phase 2 of the formalin test, significantly suppresses sensitization of dorsal horn neurons. This suppression is significantly increased by coadministration of halothane anesthesia.