Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alternating Extractors and Leakage-Resilient Stream Ciphers

Last time we proved the Leftover Hash Lemma, which states that if X is a random variable with universe U and H∞(X) ≥ k, ε > 0, and H is a universal hash family of size 2 with output length l = k − 2 log(1/ε), then Ext(x, h) = h(x) is a (k, ε/2) extractor with seed length d and output length m. In other words, Ext(x, h) extracts l bits from x that are ε-close to uniform, with ε = 12 √ 2−l. For a xed ε, the amount of extracted bits l is optimal up to an additive constant, as shown in [5]. (In other words, the loss 2 log(1/ε) bits is necessary. ) The only drawback of this extractor is that d (seed length) is high. We need extractors with shorter seeds for the Alternating Extraction game presented in the next section; we will not show how to build them, but they do exist, with seeds as short as Θ(log 1/ε + log n), where n is the number of bits in elements of X.
Design and fabrication of prototype model of Mecanum wheel forklift-A review

In this paper, we review researches on multi-directional automobile design with Mecanum wheel as component in the forklift vehicle. Multi-directional automobile has vast advantages over conventional design likes differential drive in term of mobility in congested environments. Multi-directional automobile could perform important tasks in environments congested with static and/or dynamic obstacle and narrow aisles, such as those commonly found in manufacturing floor, warehouses, offices and hospitals. A variety of designs of Mecanum wheel installed forklift have been developed in recent years in order to improve their Multi-directional maneuver and practical applications. These features are expanded at the expense of improved mechanical complication and increased complexity in control mechanism. Mecanum wheel systems work by applying rotating force of each individual wheel in one direction similar to regular wheels with a different in the fact that Mecanum wheel systems are able to slide freely in a different direction, in other word, they can slide frequently perpendicular to the torque vector. The main advantage of using Mecanum wheel systems is that translational and rotational motions are decoupled for simple motion although in making an allowance for the fastest possible motion this is not essentially the case.
The Rendezvous Problem With Discontinuous Control Policies

In this technical note we consider the multi-agent rendezvous problem and we state new sufficient conditions for characterizing the control policies that assure rendezvous. Our condition are less restrictive than those presented until now in the literature, since, in particular, continuity is substituted by a milder requirement concerning the behavior of the control laws around points of discontinuity. In addition, our results apply to groups of agents moving in ¿n, for any finite n.
Effects of Chilled Drinking Water on Performance of Laying Hens during Constant High Ambient Temperature

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chilled drinking water on the productivity of laying hens under constant high ambient temperature. A total of seventy-two, 123-day-old Hy-line brown layers was divided into two equal groups. The first group (UDWG) was given unchilled water (23.0±2.5°C) as a control, and the second group (CDWG) was given chilled water (16.0±0.5°C). The laying hens were kept at 30°C constant temperature with 50% relative humidity and were exposed to 17 h of light per day. Feed intake, egg production, egg quality (egg weight, shell weight, shell thickness, egg color, yolk color, and Haugh unit), and blood samples were collected and analyzed. The results showed that the feed intake of CDWG laying hens was significantly higher (11.64%) than the UDWG counterparts (p 0.10). Egg weight and egg quality were not affected by chilled drinking water. In conclusion, providing chilled drinking for laying hens under high ambient temperature improved feed intake and egg production.
Working Papers in Economics and Statistics Deception through Telling the Truth?! Experimental Evidence from Individuals and Teams Deception through Telling the Truth?! Experimental Evidence from Individuals and Teams

Informational asymmetries abound in economic decision making and often provide an incentive for deception through telling a lie or misrepresenting information. In this paper I use a cheap-talk sender-receiver experiment to show that telling the truth should be classified as deception too if the sender chooses the true message with the expectation that the receiver will not follow the sender's (true) message. The experimental data reveal a large degree of 'sophisticated' deception through telling the truth. The robustness of my broader definition of deception is confirmed in an experimental treatment where teams make decisions. for very helpful comments. Leonardo Felli and three referees provided excellent advice on how to improve the paper. Olga Mellizo was of great help in language editing.
Computability and Recursion

Abstract We consider the informal concept of “computability” or “effective calculability” and two of the formalisms commonly used to define it, “(Turing) computability” and “(general) recursiveness”. We consider their origin, exact technical definition, concepts, history, general English meanings, how they became fixed in their present roles, how they were first and are now used, their impact on nonspecialists, how their use will affect the future content of the subject of computability theory, and its connection to other related areas. After a careful historical and conceptual analysis of computability and recursion we make several recommendations in section §7 about preserving the intensional differences between the concepts of “computability” and “recursion. ” Specifically we recommend that: the term “recursive” should no longer carry the additional meaning of “computable” or “decidable;” functions defined using Turing machines, register machines, or their variants should be called “computable” rather than “recursive;” we should distinguish the intensional difference between Church's Thesis and Turing's Thesis, and use the latter particularly in dealing with mechanistic questions; the name of the subject should be “Computability Theory” or simply Computability rather than “Recursive Function Theory. ”
A Case of Freeman-Sheldon Syndrome: Anesthetic Challenges.

UNLABELLED Patients with Freeman-Sheldon Syndrome (FSS) often need multiple surgical procedures. We present a case of FSS and discuss the anesthetic challenges associated with the case. CASE PRESENTATION A 10-week-old female with FSS presented for elective Nissen fundoplication and gastrostomy tube insertion. She had a history of difficult intubation at birth. General anesthesia with inhalational anesthetic and spontaneous respirations technique was used. Fiber optic bronchoscope (FOB)-assisted nasal intubation was successful after failed attempts with a Miller blade, GlideScope, and intubation through a laryngeal mask airway (LMA). She did not exhibit any signs of malignant hyperthermia (MH) during or immediately after the procedure. DISCUSSION Challenges to the anesthesiologist in a case with FSS include establishing IV access, intubating the trachea, risk of MH and MH-like symptoms, and postoperative pulmonary complications. Proper multidisciplinary preoperative planning is essential for optimum care of these patients, preferably in a tertiary care center.
Moving Vehicle Detection: A Review

Moving vehicle detection is an essential process for Intelligent Transportation system. During the last decade, a large amount of work has been trying to produced output for this challenge; however, performances of most of them still fall far behind human perception. In this paper the object detection problem is studied, analyzing and reviewing the most important and newest techniques. We propose a classification of all these techniques into different categories according to their main principle and features. Moreover, study and point out their proposed methods, weather condition mentioned for the proposed methods and some other conditions like as jamming, shadow effects on the vehicles.
Papilledema and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

OBJECTIVES To characterize the pathogenesis and clinical features of optic disc edema associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (SAS). METHODS A series of 4 patients with SAS and papilledema (PE) underwent complete neuro-ophthalmologic evaluation and lumbar puncture. In 1 patient, continuous 24-hour intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring was also performed. RESULTS All 4 patients had bilateral PE that was asymmetric in 2. Three patients had optic nerve dysfunction, asymmetric in 1, unilateral in 2. Daytime cerebrospinal fluid pressure measurements were within normal range. Nocturnal monitoring performed in one patient, however, demonstrated repeated episodes of marked ICP elevation associated with apnea and arterial oxygen desaturation. CONCLUSIONS We propose that PE in SAS is due to episodic nocturnal hypoxemia and hypercarbia resulting in increased ICP secondary to cerebral vasodilation. In these individuals, intermittent ICP elevation is sufficient to cause persistent disc edema. These patients may be at increased risk for developing visual loss secondary to PE compared with patients with obesity-related pseudotumor cerebri because of associated hypoxemia. The diagnosis of SAS PE may not be appreciated because daytime cerebrospinal fluid pressure measurements are normal and because patients tend to present with visual loss rather than with symptoms of increased ICP.
Research on Robot Cognitive Model Based on Tacit Knowledge

A new classification of robot cognitive models is presented in terms of knowledge representation, which clarifies the importance of tacit knowledge in robot cognitive model research. A robot cognitive model based on procedural memory and episodic memory is proposed, and every module in this cognitive model is designed in detail. High-level intelligent behaviors can emerge totally by using experiences without prior knowledge in this cognitive model, and this cognitive model endows the robot with the ability of learning in real time and adaptation.
Plant polyphenols as inhibitors of NF-κB induced cytokine production—a potential anti-inflammatory treatment for Alzheimer's disease?

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that impacts the daily lives of many sufferers throughmemory loss as well as behavioral and cognitive changes. AD is themost common form of dementia. One in ten people over the age of 65, and around half of those over 85 have AD. AD can be divided into familial (early-onset) and sporadic (late-onset) cases, with the familial form ( 99% of cases) caused by a variety of genetic (e.g., apolipoprotein E), metabolic and environmental factors. The AD brain is characterized macroscopically by cortical atrophy, caused by degeneration of the cholinergic axonal arborisation and shrinkage of the dendritic tree. Microscopically, amyloid beta peptide deposits (senile plaques) and neurofibrillary tangles are present in affected areas (GilBea et al., 2012). AD is also characterized by chronic neuroinflammation, driven by activation of astroglia and microglia (Rosenblum, 2014). In addition, levels of pro-inflammatory mediators or cytokines which include chemokines, interferons, interleukins, lymphokines, and tumor necrosis factors are elevated in the brains of patients with AD (Latta et al., 2014). Furthermore, nuclear translocation of NF-κB and STAT-1α, transcription factors involved in pro-inflammatory gene expression, indicates the presence of a sustained pro-inflammatory process (Lawrence, 2009).
Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy of a Combination of CPT‐11, a New Derivative of Camptothecin, and Cisplatin against Human Lung Tumor Xenografts

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of combined use of 7‐ethyl‐10‐[4‐(1‐piperidino)‐1‐piperidino]carhonyloxycamptothecin (CPT‐11) and cisplatin (CDDP). The antitumor activities of CPT‐11, CDDP and their combination against 3 human lung tumor xenografts were estimated using congenitally athymic BALB/c (nu/nu) mice. The doses were 47 mg/kg for CPT‐11 and 6 mg/kg for CDDP on days 1, 5 and 9. In combination therapy, half of the single dosage of each agent was used. The doses were administered intraperitoneally. The antitumor activity and toxicity were evaluated in terms of the tumor volume and body weight change of mice, respectively. The combination therapy resulted in a statistically significant tumor regression compared to the use of only CPT‐11 or CDDP in two tumor xenografts out of three. The toxicity of the combination therapy was no higher than that of CPT‐11 or CDDP alone. These results suggest that the antitumor activity of the combination of CPT‐11 and CDDP is superior to that of CPT‐11 or CDDP alone.
Adaptive black blood fast spin echo for end‐systolic rest cardiac imaging

Black Blood Fast Spin Echo imaging of the heart is usually performed during mid‐diastolic rest. This is a direct consequence of the long inversion time required to suppress the blood signal, which is constrained by the T1 of the blood, and of the heart rate. To overcome these constraints, and to acquire black blood images in the end‐systolic rest period, a new approach is introduced aiming at adaptively predicting the best time to prepare and acquire MR signals. It is based on a RR interval prediction algorithm and on a cardiac cycle model. The proposed method was applied to 14 healthy volunteers and is compared to a simple alternative method using a fixed delay and to the standard black blood imaging method for imaging in the mid‐diastolic rest period. Results show that the proposed method offers an increased robustness in terms of trigger delay error and image quality compared to the tested simple alternative. Also, it has been shown by qualitative analysis done by an experienced observer that the right ventricle, especially the thin right ventricle free wall, is better depicted with our method than with the standard mid‐diastolic rest acquisition. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparing Computational Cognitive Models of Generalization in a Language Acquisition Task

Natural language acquisition relies on appropriate generalization: the ability to produce novel sentences, while learning to restrict pro-ductions to acceptable forms in the language. Psycholinguists have proposed various properties that might play a role in guiding appropriate generalizations, looking at learning of verb alternations as a testbed. Several computational cognitive models have explored aspects of this phenomenon, but their results are hard to compare given the high variability in the linguistic properties represented in their input. In this paper, we directly compare two recent approaches, a Bayesian model and a connectionist model, in their ability to replicate human judgments of appropriate generalizations. We ﬁnd that the Bayesian model more accurately mimics the judgments due to its richer learning mechanism that can exploit distributional properties of the input in a manner consistent with human behaviour.
the Secondary Stimulus Responses Is Controlled by the Duration of T Cell Recall + The Magnitude of CD4

2 The parameters controlling the generation of robust CD4 (cid:1) T cell recall responses remain poorly deﬁned. In this study, we compare recall responses by CD4 (cid:1) and CD8 (cid:1) memory T cells following rechallenge. Homologous rechallenge of mice immune to either lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus or Listeria monocytogenes results in robust CD8 (cid:1) T cell recall responses but poor boosting of CD4 (cid:1) T cell recall responses in the same host. In contrast, heterologous rechallenge with a pathogen sharing only a CD4 (cid:1) T cell epitope results in robust boosting of CD4 (cid:1) T cell recall responses. The disparity in CD4 (cid:1) and CD8 (cid:1) T cell recall responses cannot be attributed to competition for growth factors or APCs, as robust CD4 (cid:1) and CD8 (cid:1) T cell recall responses can be simultaneously induced following rechallenge with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells. Instead, CD4 (cid:1) T cell recall responses are dependent on the duration of the secondary challenge. Increasing the rechallenge dose results in more potent boosting of CD4 (cid:1) T cell recall responses and artiﬁcially limiting the duration of secondary infection following heterologous rechallenge adversely impacts the magnitude of CD4 (cid:1) T cell, but not CD8 (cid:1) T cell, recall responses. These ﬁndings suggest that rapid pathogen clearance by secondary CTL following homologous rechallenge pre-vents optimal boosting of CD4 (cid:1) T cell responses and therefore have important practical implications in the design of vaccination and boosting strategies aimed at promoting CD4 (cid:1) T cell-mediated protection. The Journal of Immunology, 2009, 183: 0000–0000.
SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION OF EX-VIVO HUMAN V 1 THROUGH IDENTIFICATION OF THE STRIA OF GENNARI USING MRI AT 7 T ∗

Department of Cognitive and Neural Systems, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA Department of Radiology, MGH, Athinoula A Martinos Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Embezzlement, Whistleblowing, and Organizational Architecture: An Experimental Investigation

We investigate the optimal shape of organizations to reduce embezzlement. In a stylized synthesis of a common pool resource and ultimatum game, agents are activated sequentially within an organizational architecture wherein they can take a share of the available resources or choose to “blow the whistle”, an action that sets all payoffs to zero. The resources not taken will grow and benefit all agents. Six basic organizational architectures are tested, including horizontal, vertical, pyramid shaped, and inverted pyramid-shaped structures. Our results suggest that horizontal and pyramid structures are more effective at reducing embezzlement. Rates of embezzlement and whistleblowing increase with the number of levels in the structure. Holding the number of levels constant, embezzlement rates are lower in pyramid shaped structures than inverted-pyramid shaped structures, while whistleblowing rates are unchanged. Our results are relevant to public agencies, foreign aid, charitable non-profits, and other contexts where capital leakage is a common problem and the costs of whistleblowing are borne broadly by the members of the organization.
Scaling Reinforcement Learning toward RoboCup Soccer

RoboCup simulated soccer presents many challenges to reinforcement learning methods, including a large state space, hidden and uncertain state, multiple agents, and long and variable delays in the effects of actions. We describe our application of episodic SMDP Sarsa(λ) with linear tile-coding function approximation and variable λ to learning higher-level decisions in a keepaway subtask of RoboCup soccer. In keepaway, one team, “the keepers,” tries to keep control of the ball for as long as possible despite the efforts of “the takers. ” The keepers learn individually when to hold the ball and when to pass to a teammate, while the takers learn when to charge the ball-holder and when to cover possible passing lanes. Our agents learned policies that significantly out-performed a range of benchmark policies. We demonstrate the generality of our approach by applying it to a number of task variations including different field sizes and different numbers of players on each team.
Stringy profiles of gauge field tadpoles near orbifold singularities 1. Heterotic string calculations

Closed string theories on orbifolds contain both untwisted and twisted states. The latter are normally assumed to live exactly at the orbifold fixed points. We perform a calculation of a gauge field tadpole amplitude and show that off-shell both the twisted and untwisted states give rise to non-trivial momentum profiles over the orbifold 3/3. These profiles take the form of gaussian distributions integrated over the fundamental domain of the modular parameter of the torus. The propagators of the internal coordinate fields on the torus world sheet determine the width of the gaussian profiles. These propagators are determined up to a single normal ordering constant which must be bounded below to allow the existence of the coordinate space representation of these profiles. Apart from the expected massless states, massive and even tachyonic string excitations contribute to the profiles in some anomalous U(1) models. However, when the tadpole is integrated over the internal dimensions, these tachyonic contributions cancel in a non-trivial manner.
Mapping Sandstones of the Inyan Kara Formation for Saltwater Disposal in North Dakota

Introduction The North Dakota Geological Survey (NDGS) is performing a detailed state-wide investigation of the Inyan Kara Formation (Dakota Group) to support industry needs for underground disposal of produced water. Sandstones of the formation are the primary subsurface injection zone for produced water in North Dakota. Produced water is the salty formation water that is generated as a by-product of oil and gas production. Over onemillion barrels of co-produced water are generated daily during production operations in North Dakota. Subsurface injection is the industry-preferred alternative for produced water disposal. Therefore, because of the prodigious volumes of saltwater generated, and the economics of such disposal, it is important to fully understand the variables involved in selecting locations for saltwater disposal wells. These variables would include access; proximity to producing/future exploration wells; and most importantly, geology. To assist with well placement, the NDGS is preparing detailed isopach (thickness) maps at scales of 1:100,000 (100K), utilizing data from thousands of wells per 100K sheet to help industry better understand sandstone trends of the formation. Such detail is necessary because Inyan Kara sandstone thicknesses can change quickly, going from hundreds of feet of continuous sandstone to virtually no sandstone over a very short distance (< 0.5 mile). Cross-sections are also included to help operators visualize the lateral complexity of the sandstone geometry.
Epithelial mesenchymal transition and tumor budding in aggressive colorectal cancer: Tumor budding as oncotarget

Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is proposed as a critical mechanism for the acquisition of malignant phenotypes by epithelial cells. In colorectal cancer, tumor cells having undergone EMT are histologically represented by the presence of tumor buds defined as single cells or small clusters of de-differentiated tumor cells at the invasive front. Tumor budding is not a static, histological feature rather it represents a snap-shot of a dynamic process undertaken by an aggressive tumor with the potential to disseminate and metastasize. Strong, consistent evidence shows that tumor budding is a predictor of lymph node metastasis, distant metastatic disease, local recurrence, worse overall and disease-free survival time and an independent prognostic factor. Moreover, the International Union against Cancer (UICC) recognizes tumor budding as a highly relevant, additional prognostic parameter. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence supporting the implementation of tumor budding into diagnostic pathology and patient management and additionally to illustrate its worthiness as a potential therapeutic target.