Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Band clustering using expectation–maximization algorithm and weighted average fusion-based feature extraction for hyperspectral image classification

Abstract. The presence of a significant amount of information in the hyperspectral image makes it suitable for numerous applications. However, extraction of the suitable and informative features from the high-dimensional data is a tedious task. A feature extraction technique using expectation–maximization (EM) clustering and weighted average fusion technique is proposed. Bhattacharya distance measure is used for computing the distance among all the spectral bands. With this distance information, the spectral bands are grouped into the clusters by employing the EM clustering method. The EM algorithm automatically converges to an optimum number of clusters, thereby specifying the absence of need for the required number of clusters. The bands in each cluster are fused together applying the weighted average fusion method. The weight of each band is calculated on the basis of the criteria of minimizing the distance inside the cluster and maximizing the distance among the different clusters. The fused bands from each cluster are then considered as the extracted features. These features are used to train the support vector machine for classification of the hyperspectral image. The performance of the proposed technique has been validated against three small-size standard bench-mark datasets, Indian Pines, Pavia University, Salinas, and one large-size dataset, Botswana. The proposed method achieves an overall accuracy (OA) of 92.19%, 94.10%, 93.96%, and 84.92% for Indian Pines, Pavia University, Salinas, and Botswana datasets, respectively. The experimental results prove that the proposed technique attains significant classification performance in terms of the OA, average accuracy, and Cohen’s kappa coefficient (k) when compared to the other competing methods.
International Portfolios with Supply, Demand and Redistributive Shocks

This paper explains three key stylized facts observed in industrialized countries: 1) portfolio holdings are biased towards local equity; 2) international portfolios are long in foreign currency assets and short in domestic currency; 3) the depreciation of a country's exchange rate is associated with a net external capital gain, i.e. with a positive wealth transfer from the rest of the world. We present a two-country, two-good model with trade in stocks and bonds, and three types of disturbances: shocks to endowments, to the relative demand for home vs. foreign goods, and to the distribution of income between labor and capital. With these shocks, optimal international portfolios are shown to be consistent with the stylized facts.
A Model for Ballistic Impact on Soft Armour

A model has been developed at AMRL to describe the impact penetration of soft armour. This model uses a direct step method to determine the motion of the impacting projectile and of the fabric undergoing impact The determination of the ballistic limit, residual velocity and the dependence of the ballistic limit on the areal density of the impacted fabric are discussed. Comparisons with experimental results are presented.
Video Moving Target Indication in the Analysts' Detection Support System

Abstract : This report presents a review of a video moving target indication (VMTI) capability implemented in the Analysts' Detection Support System (ADSS). The VMTI subsystem has been devised for video from moving sensors, in particular, but not exclusively, airborne urban surveillance video. The paradigm of the moving sensor, which is a typical scenario in defence applications (e.g., UAV surveillance video), poses some unique
Optogenetic-Induced Muscle Loading Leads to Mechanical Adaptation of the Achilles Tendon Enthesis in Mice

The growth of the skeleton depends on the transmission of contractile muscle forces from tendon to bone across the extracellular matrix-rich enthesis. Loss of muscle loading leads to significant impairments in enthesis development. However, little is known about how the enthesis responds to increased loading during postnatal growth. To study the cellular and matrix adaptations of the enthesis in response to increased muscle loading, we used optogenetics to induce skeletal muscle contraction and unilaterally load the Achilles tendon and enthesis in young (i.e., during growth) and adult (i.e., mature) mice. In young mice, daily bouts of unilateral optogenetic loading led to expansion of the calcaneal apophysis and growth plate, as well as increased vascularization of the normally avascular enthesis. Daily loading bouts, delivered for 3 weeks, also led to a mechanically weaker enthesis with increased molecular-level accumulation of collagen damage in young mice. However, adult mice did not exhibit impaired mechanical properties or noticeable structural adaptations to the enthesis. We then focused on the transcriptional response of the young tendon and bone following optogenetic-induced loading. After 1 or 2 weeks of loading, we identified, in tendon, transcriptional activation of canonical pathways related to glucose metabolism (glycolysis) and inhibited pathways associated with cytoskeletal remodeling (e.g., RHOA and CREB signaling). In bone, we identified activation of inflammatory signaling (e.g., NFkB and STAT3 signaling) and inhibition of ERK/MAPK and PTEN signaling. Thus, we have demonstrated the utility of optogenetic-induced skeletal muscle contraction to elicit structural, functional, and molecular adaptation of the enthesis in vivo especially during growth.
Arabic named entity extraction: A local grammar-based approach

The local grammar approach was first used to discuss recursive phrases that are commonly found in specialist literature like biochemistry and then extended to extract time, date and address expressions from letters. It has recently been applied to extract person names from English, Chinese, French, Korean, Portuguese, and Turkish news texts. This paper shows that this approach can also be used to extract person names from Arabic counterparts.
A Computational Study with Finite Difference Methods for Second Order Quasilinear Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations in Two Independent Variables

In this paper we consider the numerical method of characteristics for the numerical solution of initial value problems (IVPs) for quasilinear hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations, as well as the difference scheme Central Time Central Space (CTCS), Crank-Nicolson scheme, ω scheme and the method of characteristics for the numerical solution of initial and boundary value prob-lems for the one-dimension homogeneous wave equation. The initial deriva-tive condition is approximated by different second order difference quotients in order to examine which gives more accurate numerical results. The local truncation error, consistency and stability of the difference schemes CTCS, Crank-Nicolson and ω are also considered.
Minimalistic approach for monocular SLAM system applied to micro aerial vehicles in GPS-denied environments

In this work, a novel monocular simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) system with application to micro aerial vehicles is proposed. The main difference with respect to previous approaches is that a barometer is used as a unique sensory aid for incorporating altitude information into the system in order to recover an absolute metric scale. First, an observability analysis of a simplified model of a monocular SLAM system is developed. From this analysis, several theoretical results are derived. Among others, one important result is related to the fact that the metric scale can become observable when measurements of altitude are included in the system. In this case, sufficient conditions for observability are presented. The design of the proposed method is based on these theoretical results. Simulations and experiments with real data are presented to validate the proposed approach. The results confirm that the metric scale can be retrieved by including altitude measurements in the system. It is also shown that the proposed method can be practically implemented, using low-cost sensors, to perform visual-based navigation in GPS-denied environments.
of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society Title Benefits of Graphical and Symbolic Representations for Learning and Transfer of Statistical Concepts

Past research suggests that spatial configurations play an important role in graph comprehension. The present study investigates consequences of this fact for the relative utility of graphs and tables for interpreting data. Participants judged presence or absence of various statistical effects in simulated datasets presented in various formats. For the statistical effects introduced earlier in the study, performance was better with graphs than with tables, while for the effect introduced last in the study, this trend reversed. Additionally, in the later sections of the study, responses with graphs, but not tables, reflected increasing influence from the presence of stimulus features which had been relevant earlier in the study, but were no longer relevant. The findings suggest that graphs, relative to tables, may better facilitate perception of complex relationships among data points, but may also bias readers more strongly to favor some perspectives over others when interpreting data.
of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society Title Adaptation to Embodied Dynamics : Evidence from Bayes ' Ball Permalink

In recent years researchers have begun to recognize the remarkable intelligence of even routine interactive behavior— the extent to which humans adapt to and exploit the low-level dynamics of cognitive processes, perception, and motor control without conscious deliberation. We developed an experiment known as Bayes’ Ball, in which subjects must estimate short time intervals (< 1000 ms) in order to maximize a point score in a simple ball tracking task. Optimal performance in this task requires that subjects possess intricate knowledge of the dynamics of uncertainty in their estimates of elapsed time (the Weber law of interval timing). The results of our experiment show human performance that approaches, but does not fully match the predictions of an ideal performer. On average, humans differed from the ideal performer by less than 40 ms in their response timing.
Asymptotic approach to transient thermal shock problem with variable material properties

ABSTRACT In this paper, an asymptotic approach is proposed to solve the transient thermal shock problem with variable material properties. The governing equations of isotropic elastic medium with temperature-dependent properties are derived in the context of the Lord–Shulman generalized theory of thermoelasticity, where the higher-order expansion with respected to increment temperature of the Helmholtz free energy is used to describe the relation of each material parameter with real temperature. Then, the layer method is used to deal with the variation of material properties with real temperature, and a system with discrete linear equations is obtained by ignoring some higher-order quantities. This system is then solved analytically by the integral transform method, where the Laplace transform technique and its limit theorem is employed to deal with these linear partial differential equations. This asymptotic approach is applied to solve the thermoelastic response of a thin plate with variable material properties. The asymptotic solutions of the displacement, temperature and stresses, induced by a sudden temperature rise at the boundary of thin plate, are obtained. The corresponding results for each physical field are discussed, as well as the comparison with the results obtained from the case with constant properties is also conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature dependency of material properties.
The Analysis of Nonstationary Time Series Using Regression, Correlation and Cointegration

There are simple well-known conditions for the validity of regression and correlation as statistical tools. We analyse by examples the effect of nonstationarity on inference using these methods and compare them to model based inference using the cointegrated vector autoregressive model. Finally we analyse some monthly data from US on interest rates as an illustration of the methods.
Polarization splitter based on dual core liquid crystal-filled holey fiber

Through filling the liquid crystal into the air holes of a dual-core holey fiber with a simple structure, the transmission mechanism of the fiber is changed from total internal reflection to photonic bandgap (PBG), and a polarization splitter based on the liquid crystal-filled dual-core PBG holey fiber is investigated. The results demonstrate that, by setting appropriate geometrical parameters, the polarization splitter possesses a short length of 890.5 μm, and its wide bandwidth of ∼150 nm almost covers all the S, C, and L communication bands. Besides, it has an excellent electro-interference-resistance property and certain sensitivity to temperature.
A new stellar spectrum interpolation algorithm and its application to Yunnan-III evolutionary population synthesis models

In evolutionary population synthesis (EPS) models, we need to convert stellar evolutionary parameters into spectra via interpolation in a stellar spectral library. For theoretical stellar spectral libraries, the spectrum grid is homogeneous on the effective-temperature and gravity plane for a given metallicity. It is relatively easy to derive stellar spectra. For empirical stellar spectral libraries, stellar parameters are irregularly distributed and the interpolation algorithm is relatively complicated. In those EPS models that use empirical stellar spectral libraries, different algorithms are used and the codes are often not released. Moreover, these algorithms are often complicated. In this work, based on a radial basis function (RBF) network, we present a new spectrum interpolation algorithm and its code. Compared with the other interpolation algorithms that are used in EPS models, it can be easily understood and is highly efficient in terms of computation. The code is written in MATLAB scripts and can be used on any computer system. Using it, we can obtain the interpolated spectra from a library or a combination of libraries. We apply this algorithm to several stellar spectral libraries (such as MILES, ELODIE-3.1 and STELIB-3.2) and give the integrated spectral energy distributions (ISEDs) of stellar populations (with ages from 1 Myr to 14 Gyr) by combining them with Yunnan-III isochrones. Our results show that the differences caused by the adoption of different EPS model components are less than 0.2 dex. All data about the stellar population ISEDs in this work and the RBF spectrum interpolation code can be obtained by request from the first author or downloaded from http://www1.ynao. ac.cn/similar to zhangfh.
Communicating at Terahertz Frequencies

The number of users who get access to wireless links is increasing each day and many new applications require very high data rates. The increasing demand for higher data rates has led to the development of new techniques to increase spectrum efficiency to achieve this goal. However, the limited bandwidth of the frequency bands that are currently used for wireless communication bounds the maximum data rate possible. In the past few years, researchers have developed new devices that work as Terahertz (THz) transmitters and receivers. The development of these devices and the large available bandwidth of the THz band is a possible solution to this ever increasing demand. However, THz communication is still in its infancy and more research needs to be done to bring THz technology into every day life. In this research, we study wireless THz communication systems. As the first step, we conducted detailed channel measurements to study and analyze the characteristics of THz signals under different channel conditions. These propagation models mimic the behavior of THz signals in real applications. Then we use these models to study appropriate modulation methods for directional and omni-directional THz channels. We also use pulsed THz signals in wireless communication channels to send data at a very high rate. We have developed rate adaptation algorithms to allow multiple users to share the same THz channel for downlink applications while fairness is maintained among them.
Ecient Algorithms for Robust Feature Matching

One of the basic building blocks in any point-based registration scheme involves matching feature points that are extracted from a sensed image to their counterparts in a reference image. This leads to the fundamental problem of point matching: Given two sets of points, nd the (ane) transformation that transforms one point set so that its distance from the other point set is minimized. Because of measurement errors and the presence of outlying data points, it is important that the distance measure between the two point sets be robust to these eects. We measure distances using the partial Hausdor distance. Point matching can be a computationally intensive task, and a number of of theoretical and applied approaches have been proposed for solving this problem. In this paper we present two algorithmic approaches to the point matching problem, in an attempt to reduce its computational complexity, while still providing a guarantee of the quality of the nal match. Our rst method
On Hungarian morphology

The aim of this study is to provide an autosegmental description of Hungarian morphology. Chapter 1 sketches the (meta)theoretical background and summarizes the main argument. In Chapter 2 phonological prerequisites to morphological analysis are discussed. Special attention is paid to Hungarian vowel harmony. In Chapter 3 a universal theory of lexical categories is proposed, and the category system of Hungarian is described within it. The final chapter presents a detailed description of nominal and verbal inflection in Hungarian, and describes the main features of a computer implementation based on the analyses provided here.
Pellet-Injector Technology—Brief History and Key Developments in the Last 25 Years

Abstract High-speed injection of solid fuel was first proposed in 1954 as a possible solution to the problem of transporting fresh fuel across the confining magnetic fields into the plasma of a fusion reactor. While it took a few decades, the use of cryogenic pellets (typically H2 and D2) on fusion experiments became common place; most tokamaks and stellarators are now equipped with a pellet injector(s). These devices operate at low temperatures (~10 to 20 K) and most often use a simple light gas gun to accelerate macroscopic-size pellets (~0.4- to 6-mm diameter) to speeds of ~100 to 1000 m/s. Before the advantages of pellet injection from the magnetic high-field side (HFS) of a tokamak were recognized in 1997, development focused on increasing the pellet speed to achieve deeper plasma penetration and higher fueling efficiency. The HFS injection technique typically dictates slower pellets (~100 to 300 m/s) to survive transport through the curved guide tubes that route the pellets to the plasma from the inside wall of the device. Two other key operating parameters for plasma fueling are the pellet-injection repetition rate and time duration—a single pellet is adequate for some experiments and a steady-state injection rate of up to ~50 Hz is appropriate for others. In addition to plasma fueling, cryogenic pellets have often been used for particle transport and impurity studies in fusion experiments (most often with neon pellets). During the past two decades, a few new applications for cryogenic pellets have been developed and used successfully in plasma experiments: (1) one for edge-localized mode mitigation, (2) one for plasma disruption mitigation (requires large pellets that are shattered before injection into the plasma), and (3) another in which pure argon pellets are used to trigger runaway electrons in the plasma for scientific studies. In this paper, a brief history and the key developments in this technology during the past 25 years are presented and discussed.
The Labeled Multi-Bernoulli Filter for Multitarget Tracking With Glint Noise

A labeled multi-Bernoulli (LMB) filter is presented to perform multitarget tracking (MTT) for the glint noise. The measurement noise is modeled as a multivariate Student-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t$</tex-math></inline-formula> process. The variational Bayesian method is applied in the LMB framework with the augmented state. The predictive likelihood is calculated via minimizing the Kullback–Leibler divergence by the variational lower bound. Simulation results show that our approach is effective in MTT with the glint noise.
Observation of the charge density wave collective mode in the infrared optical response of VSe2

We present a detailed study of the bulk electronic structure of high quality VSe2 single crystals using optical spectroscopy. Upon entering the charge density wave phase below the critical temperature of 112 K, the optical conductivity of VSe2 undergoes a significant rearrangement. A Drude response present above the critical temperature is suppressed while a new interband transition appears around 0.07 eV. From our analysis, we estimate that part of the spectral weight of the Drude response is transferred to a collective mode of the CDW phase. The remaining normal state charge dynamics appears to become strongly damped by interactions with the lattice as evidenced by a mass enhancement factor m∗/m≈3. In addition to the changes taking place in the electronic structure, we observe the emergence of infrared active phonons below the critical temperature associated with the 4a × 4a lattice reconstruction.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Retinopathy of Prematurity in Multiple Gestations

AbstractTo determine the incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among new-born Chinese infants of multiple gestations.A retrospective review of medical records was performed for all neonates of multiple gestations screened for ROP between January 2007 and December 2012 in 2 neonatal intensive care units in Hong Kong. Screening was offered to very low birth weight (VLBW; ⩽1500 g) and/or preterm (gestation ⩽32 weeks) neonates using the Royal College of Ophthalmologists ROP guideline and the International Classification of ROP by 3 pediatric ophthalmologists. Maternal and neonatal covariates were analyzed using univariate and multivariate regression analyses for both ROP and Type 1 ROP.A total of 153 Chinese infants of multiple gestations were included in the study. The mean gestational age (GA) was 30.8 ± 2.4 weeks and the mean birth weight (BW) was 1284.8 ± 267.4 g. The incidence of ROP and Type 1 ROP was 11.8% and 3.9%, respectively. On univariate analysis, younger GA, lighter birth weight, postnatal hypotension, inotropes use, bronchopulmonary disease, and intraventricular hemorrhage were common independent risk factors for the development of ROP and Type 1 ROP (all P ⩽ 0.04). On multivariate analysis, younger GA, surfactant use, invasive mechanical ventilation, higher mean oxygen concentration, thrombocytopenia, intraventricular hemorrahage, total parental nutrition, and hypoglycemia were significant risk factors for ROP. For Type 1 ROP, there were no significant dependent risk factors.In preterm Chinese infants born from multiple gestations, prematurity, lighter weight, postnatal hypotension, inotropes use, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and an intraventricular hemorrhage were common independent risk factors for the development of ROP and Type 1 ROP.