Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Population Interpolation and Lasso-Based Target Selection in Survey Weighting

We propose solutions to two important problems that have received relatively little attention in the eld of survey weighting: the construction of population targets in the face of irregularly missing data, and the optimal selection of weighting targets from the set of possible auxiliary variables. Our solution to the rst problem relies on a dynamic Bayesian population-interpolation model that allows subpopulation estimates in a given year to be informed by data from other years. To address the second, we formulate the problem of target selection as one of variable subset selection, for which we propose a lasso-based solution. We demonstrate the usefulness of these techniques by using them to generate weights for quota-sampled opinion polls from the early days of survey research. Given the declining response rates, rising use of non-probability samples, and growth in potential sources of auxiliary information in modern-day polling, these methods have wide potential application in contemporary survey research as well.
Defining Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrologic response units (HRUs) by field boundaries

The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is widely used to relate farm management practices to their impacts on surface waters at the watershed scale, yet its smallest spatial unit is not generally defined by physically meaningful boundaries. The hydrologic response unit (HRU) is the smallest spatial unit of the model, and the standard HRU definition approach lumps all similar land uses, soils, and slopes within a subbasin based upon user-defined thresholds. This standard method provides an efficient way to discretize large watersheds where simulation at the field scale may not be computationally feasible. In relatively smaller watersheds, however, defining HRUs to specific spatial locations bounded by property lines or field borders would often be advantageous, yet this is not currently possible within the ArcSWAT interface. In this study, a simple approach is demonstrated that defines HRUs by field boundaries through addition of uniquely named soils to the SWAT user soil database and creation of a field boundary layer with majority land use and soil attributes. Predictions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment losses were compared in a case study watershed where SWAT was set up using both the standard HRU definition and field boundary approach. Watershed-scale results were reasonable and similar for both methods, but aggregating fields by majority soil type masked extremely high soil erosion predicted for a few soils. Results from field-based HRU delineation may be quite different from the standard approach due to choosing a majority soil type in each farm field. This approach is flexible such that any land use and soil data prepared for SWAT can be used and any shapefile boundary can divide HRUs. Keywords: watershed, modeling, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), hydrologic response units, field boundaries, common land units, landuse management DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe. 20150803.951 Online first on [2015-03-03] Citation: Kalcic M M, Chaubey I, Frankenberger J. Defining Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrologic response units (HRUs) by field boundaries. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2015; 8(3): 69－80.
Associations between Education Years and Resting-state Functional Connectivity Modulated by APOE ε4 Carrier Status in Cognitively Normal Older Adults

Objective Cognitive reserve has emerged as a concept to explain the variable expression of clinical symptoms in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The association between years of education, a proxy of cognitive reserve, and resting-state functional connectivity (rFC), a representative intermediate phenotype, has not been explored in the preclinical phase, considering risk factors for AD. We aimed to evaluate whether the relationship between years of education and rFC in cognitively preserved older adults differs depending on amyloid-beta deposition and APOE ε4 carrier status as effect modifiers. Methods A total of 121 participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging, [18F] flutemetamol positron emission tomography-computed tomography, APOE genotyping, and a neuropsychological battery. Potential interactions between years of education and AD risk factors for rFC of AD-vulnerable neural networks were assessed with whole- brain voxel-wise analysis. Results We found a significant education years-by-APOE ε4 carrier status interaction for the rFC from the seed region of the central executive (CEN) and dorsal attention networks. Moreover, there was a significant interaction of rFC between right superior occipital gyrus and the CEN seed region by APOE ε4 carrier status for memory performances and overall cognitive function. Conclusion In preclinical APOE ε4 carriers, higher years of education were associated with higher rFC of the AD vulnerable network, but this contributed to lower cognitive function. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the impact of cognitive reserve on sensitive functional intermediate phenotypic markers in the preclinical phase of AD.
A Cohort Analysis of the Income Distribution in Chile

In this paper we look at the income distribution by cohort in Chile. We construct a synthetic panel from cross section surveys and estimate the income distribution for cohorts born between 1902 and 1978. We then decompose the evolution of these distributions into age, year and cohort effects. The cohort effects show a period where inequality increases, to then decrease. We attempt to explain this evolution. The rise can be explained by variables associated with education, while the fall appears to be the consequence of a flattening of the income-age profile and hence a reduction in the returns to experience.
Nucleation of frictional instability caused by fluid pressurization in subducted blueschist

Pore pressure is an important factor in controlling the slip instability of faults and thus the generation of earthquakes. Particularly slow earthquakes are widespread in subduction zones and usually linked to the occurrence of high pore pressure. Yet the influence of fluid pressure and effective stress on the mechanics of earthquakes is poorly understood. Therefore, we performed shear experiments on blueschist fault rocks, which likely exist at depth in cold and old subduction zones, to investigate the influence of effective stress on frictional behavior. Our results show potentially unstable behavior at temperatures characterizing the seismogenic zone, as well as a transition from stable to unstable behavior with decreasing effective normal stress, which is mechanically equivalent to increasing fluid pressure. This transition is a prerequisite for generating slow earthquakes. Our results imply that high pore pressures are a key factor for nucleating slip leading to both megathrust and slow earthquakes.
Can you be science literate without being ocean literate

While marine educators have always known that many important science concepts can be taught through ocean examples, and that the ocean provides an engaging context for teaching general science, a more compelling credo now guides that work: “Teach for Ocean Literacy. ” Many ocean sciences concepts are more than engaging examples of general science; they have intrinsic, essential importance. Therefore, one cannot be considered “science literate” without being “ocean literate. ” Two of the earliest and most infl uential documents in the science reform movement, Science for All Americans and Benchmarks for Science Literacy [2,3], state "the science-literate person is familiar with the natural world and recognizes both its diversity and unity. " Research consistently affi rms the ocean's vital role in maintaining the unity of our world. Without its vast ocean, Earth could be inhospitably cold like Mars or a stifl ing greenhouse like Venus. On the other hand, the interconnectedness of the ocean and the atmosphere has had negative impacts. Ocean waters absorb airborne industrial chemicals which are carried thousands of miles from their source to the Arctic region. These pollutants are found in the bodies of top predators such as polar bears, which absorb the chemicals through their diet of fi sh and seals. Whether we live on the coast or inland, eat seafood or not, humans are inextricably tied to the ocean. Thus the scientifi cally literate citizens we grow in our schools must become familiar with ocean issues that may or may not be happening "in their own backyards. "
Experimental Constraints on the Formation of Silicic Magmas

A rich history of experimental petrology has revealed the paths by which silicic igneous rocks follow mineral–melt equilibria during differentiation. Subdividing these rocks by ‘molar Al versus Ca + Na + K’ illustrates first-order differences in mineralogy and gives insight into formation mechanisms. Peraluminous magmas, formed by partial melting of sediments, largely owe their attributes and compositions to melting reactions in the protoliths, whereas most metaluminous felsic magmas record both continental and mantle inputs. Peralkaline rhyolites are mainly derived from either protracted crystallization or small degrees of partial melting of basalt, with only a marginal crustal contribution. Most silicic magmas hold 3–7 wt% H2Omelt, which is inversely correlated with pre-eruptive temperature (700 °C to >950 °C) but unrelated to their reduced/oxidized state.
Cinétique du recrutement et croissance des juvéniles d'Owenia fusiformis Delle Chiaje en baie de Seine (Manche orientale)

La cinetique du recrutement et la croissance des post-larves et juveniles d'Owenia fusiformis ont ete suivies pendant les trois premiers mois de vie benthique dans des conditions edaphiques tranchees dans la partie orientale de la baie de Seine. La sedentarisation des post-larves se fait de facon synchrone, et avec la meme intensite sur des fonds favorables ou non aux adultes; ulterieurement, les juveniles disparaissent en quatre mois des fonds impropres aux adultes. Les juveniles ont un comportement gregaire tres marque. La vitesse de croissance devient importante seulement apres un mois de vie benthique; elle est accompagnee d'une forte variabilite individuelle
Association between serum complements and kidney function in patients with diabetic kidney disease

Objective We aimed to explore the association between serum complements and kidney function of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in Chinese patients. Methods This is a retrospective study involving 2,441 participants. DKD was diagnosed according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) categories. Participants were classified as stages G1-G5 by KDIGO glomerular filtration rate (GFR) categories. Effect sizes are expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results After balancing age, gender, systolic blood pressure (SBP), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), serum triglyceride (TG), and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) between the G2-G5 and control groups, per 0.1 g/L increment in serum complement C3 was significantly associated with a 27.8% reduced risk of DKD at G5 stage (OR, 95% CI, P: 0.722, 0.616-0.847, <0.001) relative to the G1 stage. Conversely, per 0.1 g/L increment in serum complement C4 was associated with an 83.0-177.6% increased risk of G2-G5 stage (P<0.001). Serum complement C1q was not statistically significant compared to controls at all stages prior to or after propensity score matching. Conclusions Our results indicate that high concentrations of serum C4 were associated with the significantly elevated risk of kidney function deterioration across all stages, and reduced serum C3 levels with an increased risk of DKD stage G5.
Exploring Accurate Invariants on Polar Harmonic Fourier Moments in Polar Coordinates for Robust Image Watermarking

In moment-based watermarking schemes, the accuracy of the moments is crucial for constructing robust watermarking schemes. The robustness of the watermarking scheme relies heavily on the proper representation of the moments. Despite the importance, current theoretical research on accuracy is very limited in watermarking techniques. To this end, we propose a novel robust image watermarking scheme based on accurate polar harmonic Fourier moments (PHFMs). Specifically, the accurate PHFMs computation based on polar pixel tiling with nearest neighbor interpolation (PPTN) is designed. This computation is general and used for embedder and extractor. This ingenious design eliminates geometric and numerical integration errors and also avoids the distortion interaction caused by watermarks. Also, an improved quantization strategy is applied to the embedding process, and satisfactory imperceptibility is obtained. The watermark is extracted without the host image. The experimental results show the excellent robustness of the proposed watermarking scheme to common image processing attacks, geometric attacks, and some kinds of compound attacks. The proposed scheme is superior to the state-of-the-art image watermarking schemes.
African Biblical Hermeneutics Considering Ifá Hermeneutic Principles

African contextual biblical hermeneutics, practiced mainly among those from the southern hemisphere, is framed by conflicting academic approaches, methods, epistemologies, rationalities, etc. The general challenge put before the Bible scholars in this part of the world mostly concerns methodologies. This paper focuses on the link between a biblical text and the context of its interpretation. To avoid any specific context or interpreter gaining hermeneutical hegemony over the text, in contextual biblical hermeneutics, the coherence should be first and foremost between the text and the context of its interpretation. The interpretation method of Ifá, the sacred orature of Yoruba and some non-Yoruba people in West Africa, helps to achieve that coherence. This paper is a theoretical presentation of what a contextual biblical hermeneutic can learn from this African Sacred literature reading in context. The hermeneutical rationale of Ifá stories is one of “speaking in proverbs”, considering both the stories and their interpretations as proverbs. In line with this rationale, the ideal link between a biblical text and its hermeneutical context is like the one between a “proverb story” and the many stories (contexts) of its harmonious utterances. The epistemological and hermeneutical functions of the context of interpretation are not to interpret the biblical text but to verify the validity of proposed interpretations.
Design of a Soft Sensor Based on Long Short-Term Memory Artificial Neural Network (LSTM) for Wastewater Treatment Plants

Assessment of wastewater effluent quality in terms of physicochemical and microbial parameters is a difficult task; therefore, an online method which combines the variables and represents a final value as the quality index could be used as a useful management tool for decision makers. However, conventional measurement methods often have limitations, such as time-consuming processes and high associated costs, which hinder efficient and practical monitoring. Therefore, this study presents an approach that underscores the importance of using both short- and long-term memory networks (LSTM) to enhance monitoring capabilities within wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The use of LSTM networks for soft sensor design is presented as a promising solution for accurate variable estimation to quantify effluent quality using the total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) quality index. For the realization of this work, we first generated a dataset that describes the behavior of the activated sludge system in discrete time. Then, we developed a deep LSTM network structure as a basis for formulating the LSTM-based soft sensor model. The results demonstrate that this structure produces high-precision predictions for the concentrations of soluble X1 and solid X2 substrates in the wastewater treatment system. After hyperparameter optimization, the predictive capacity of the proposed model is optimized, with average values of performance metrics, mean square error (MSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), of 23.38, 0.97, and 1.31 for X1, and 9.74, 0.93, and 1.89 for X2, respectively. According to the results, the proposed LSTM-based soft sensor can be a valuable tool for determining effluent quality index in wastewater treatment systems.
The Study of an Adaptive Bread Maker Using Machine Learning

Bread is one of the most consumed foods in the world, and modern food processing technologies using artificial intelligence are crucial in providing quality control and optimization of food products. An integrated solution of sensor data and machine learning technology was determined to be appropriate for identifying real-time changing environmental variables and various influences in the baking process. In this study, the Baking Process Prediction Model (BPPM) created by data-based machine learning showed excellent performance in monitoring and analyzing real-time sensor and vision data in the baking process to predict the baking stages by itself. It also has the advantage of improving the quality of bread. The volumes of bread made using BPPM were 127.54 ± 2.54, 413.49 ± 2.59, 679.96 ± 1.90, 875.79 ± 2.46, and 1260.70 ± 3.13, respectively, which were relatively larger than those made with fixed baking time (p < 0.05). The developed system is evaluated to have great potential to improve precision and efficiency in the food production and processing industry. This study is expected to lay the foundation for the future development of artificial intelligence and the food industry.
Sm–Nd isotope characteristics of late Cadomian granite magmatism in northern France and the Channel Islands

Abstract Sm–Nd isotopic studies of granites within the late Precambrian, Cadomian, orogenic belt of the North Armorican Massif (northwestern France) and Channel Islands reveal differences between arc-related granite magmatism in outboard terranes and intracrustal granite magmatism in inboard terranes. Late Cadomian (c. 570 Ma), arc-related granitoids exhibit a range of εnd ( - 2 to - 6) and Nd model ages (TDM 1.0–1.3 Ga) reflecting variable contamination between late Precambrian mantle derived magmas and ancient (c. 2.0 Ga? ) continental crust. The contamination did not involve exposed granitic Icartian basement to anygreat degree, a more likely contaminant being unexposed lower crust of intermediate to acidic granulitic composition, or early Cadomian plutons which were themselves contaminated by lower crust. Voluminous granites of the Mancellian region (c. 550–540 Ma) share common isotopic characteristics (εNd -4 to -7, TDM 1.5–1.7 Ga) with migmatites and anatectic granites produced by partial melting of metasedimentary sequences within the St Malo region consistent with a common source.
Design of a Quad Omni Wheeled Mobile Robot Using Linear Actuators

Research in the field of robotics is currently focused on exploring areas such as the design, motion planning, and development of mobile robots. This paper introduces a new type of a quad omni-wheeled mobile robot that combines omni wheels and linear servo actuators. The proposed system can be used on flat terrains and climbing satires, using four DC motors, one servo motor, and four linear servo actuators. To demonstrate the idea, a prototype model of the four omni wheels module of the robot mechanism has been created. This innovative solution enables the proposed robot to move both vertically and horizontally without altering its orientation, ensuring greater stability and reliability of its movements. Additionally, the findings and conclusions of this study can be used for the classification of stair-climbing mechanisms. This study validates stair climbing capabilities of the device using SolidWorks™ and Matlab Simscape Multibody simulation. Based on the design and simulation, a prototype of the quad omni-wheeled mobile robot has been produced and shown to be capable of moving and climbing stairs.
Revision of Devonian Nomenclature in the Rocky Mountains

ABSTRACT Two facies provinces are present within the Devonian Fairholme group, one predominantly of carbonates and one predominantly argillaceous. The term Flume is redefined to contain only the widespread, mappable, cherty biostromal carbonate unit formerly called 'lower member of the Flume formation' (deWit and McLaren, 1950). The argillaceous limestone unit, formerly called 'upper member of the Flume formation' (deWit and McLaren, 1950) is named the Maligne formation. The Flume (re-defined) is correlated with the upper part of the Beaverhill Lake formation and is of latest Middle Devonian age. The Maligne formation is correlated with the Cooking Lake formation, probably being the time equivalent of only the lower part of the Cooking Lake at its type locality, and is of earliest Late Devonian age. The Flume-Maligne boundary is one of the most important in the Devonian of the Rocky Mountains. In the interval top Alexo to top Flume the rocks may be subdivided into the Winterburn group and Woodbend group both in the surface and in the subsurface. The Nisku has been recognized in the Mountains and is grouped with the Alexo formation in the Winterburn. The rock sequence in the interval base Nisku to top Flume in the carbonate facies is the lithic analogue of and is homotaxial with the Leduc formation in the subsurface, and is therefore named Leduc. Standard surface sections of the Leduc and the Nisku formations are described from an easily accessible mountain outcorp. Within the shaly provinces in the Mountains the following formations typically are present above the Flume and beneath the Alexo (in descending order): Nisku, Mount Hawk, Perdix, and Maligne. The Mount Hawk is redefined at its top to exclude the upper carbonate member, which is included with the Nisku formation.