Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of static and dynamic enhancement of laminar natural convection cooling of electronics

INVESTIGATION OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC ENHANCEMENT OF LAMINAR NATURAL CONVECTION COOLING OF ELECTRONICS by Laurie Ann Florio With the proliferation of consumer electronics devices and the increasingly demanding thermal control requirements for such devices, more effective and efficient means of cooling electronics are needed. The feasibility of three alternative approaches to enhancing pure natural convection cooling of electronics is investigated in the current research. The three static or dynamic methods investigated are alternate cross-flow passages, the strategic placement of transversely oscillating plates near the heat sources and a combined method using both the cross-flow passages and the strategically placed oscillating plates. These cooling methods are intended to operate in the regime for which natural convection cooling is inadequate, yet conventional fan driven cooling is inefficient, and, thus, to serve as an intermediary between pure natural convection and forced convective cooling. Parametric studies of these three cooling methods were carried out through twodimensional laminar flow numerical simulations. A finite volume program was developed for a simplified model geometry while for more complex geometries and boundary conditions, a finite element package was utilized. The resulting temperature and velocity field data from these studies was used to examine the impact that each cooling method makes on these fields and to determine measures of the cooling effect including average surface temperatures and average and local heat transfer coefficients. Through comparisons among the results of the parametric studies and to a reference natural convection case the potential cooling effects and the parameter range over which any improvement is possible were estimated. This study provides the information necessary to judge the potential thermal benefits and feasibility of each method. Based on the results, each of the three methods has the capability to produce a significant cooling effect for viable parameter values with the amount of cooling dependent on the system parameters and the cooling method. Thus each of the three methods has practical potential as a means of enhancing pure natural convection cooling of electronics in a vertically oriented channel arrangement. INVESTIGATION OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC ENHANCEMENT OF LAMINAR NATURAL CONVECTION COOLING OF ELECTRONICS
Numerical and Experimental Study of the Wetting Characteristics of Water Droplets on Solid Substrates

In this study, the author first reviewed the background and the mechanism of a highly efficient cooling method – i.e., the thin film evaporative cooling, in which the heat removal performance is highly dependent on the wetting characteristics of the working fluid. Then, the author studied the wetting behavior of water on different solid substrate both numerically and experimentally. By minimizing the free energy, Surface Evolver was used to explore the profile of the static liquid meniscus and the corresponding contact angle of water droplets on plain solid substrate and pillar substrate with sharp edge. Besides, goniometer experiments were performed to study the contact angle of a sessile water droplet on silicon, copper and aluminum substrates with graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocoatings of different thicknesses. In addition, the author prepared a detailed list of components to be ordered for performing Micro-PIV experiments. An extensive literature study have been done to support the feasibility of the author’s work.
Modeling small-signal response of GaN-based metal-insulator-semiconductor high electron mobility transistor gate stack in spill-over regime: Effect of barrier resistance and interface states

We provide theoretical and simulation analysis of the small signal response of SiO2/AlGaN/GaN metal insulator semiconductor (MIS) capacitors from depletion to spill over region, where the AlGaN/SiO2 interface is accumulated with free electrons. A lumped element model of the gate stack, including the response of traps at the III-N/dielectric interface, is proposed and represented in terms of equivalent parallel capacitance, Cp, and conductance, Gp. Cp -voltage and Gp -voltage dependences are modelled taking into account bias dependent AlGaN barrier dynamic resistance Rbr and the effective channel resistance. In particular, in the spill-over region, the drop of Cp with the frequency increase can be explained even without taking into account the response of interface traps, solely by considering the intrinsic response of the gate stack (i.e., no trap effects) and the decrease of Rbr with the applied forward bias. Furthermore, we show the limitations of the conductance method for the evaluation of the density.
Hepatic Iron, Serum Ferritin, HFE Mutation, and Hepatic Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis C

Objectives: We studied the status of hepatic iron deposition and its relationship with blood iron indices, liver histology, and HFE gene mutations in Korean patients with chronic hepatitis C (CH-C). Methods: 105 patients with CH-C who underwent pretreatment liver biopsy were consecutively enrolled. The hepatic iron deposition, histological activity and fibrosis were assessed by appropriate pathological scoring systems, clinical data including serum iron indices, and HFE gene mutation. Results: Hepatic iron deposition was found in 37 patients (35%), which was not significantly associated with degree of hepatic fibrosis or steatosis. The serum ferritin level was elevated in 27% of the patients and was an independent factor associated with hepatic iron deposition by logistic regression; however, it was not significantly associated with hepatic fibrosis either. Only H63D heterozygote was found in 6 out of 48 patients (12.5%), which was not different from the prevalence of H63D mutation in the Korean population (8.5%). Conclusions: Hepatic iron deposition was uncommon and mild in Korean CH-C. Neither hepatic iron deposition nor serum ferritin were significantly related to the severity of hepatic fibrosis, which does not support the significant role of iron in the progression of hepatic fibrosis.
The Chemical Evolution of Helium

We report on measurements of the 4He abundance toward the outer Galaxy H II region S206 with the NRAO Green Bank Telescope. Observations of hydrogen and helium radio recombination lines between 8 and 10 GHz were made toward the peak radio continuum position in S206. We derive 4He/H = 0.08459 ± 0.00088 (random) ± 0.0010 (known systematic), 20% lower than optical recombination line results. It is difficult to reconcile the large discrepancy between the optical and radio values even when accounting for temperature, density, and ionization structure or for optical extinction by dust. Using only M17 and S206 we determine ΔY/ΔZ = 1.41 ± 0.62 in the Galaxy, consistent with standard chemical evolution models. High helium abundances in the old stellar population of elliptical galaxies can help explain the increase in UV emission with shorter wavelength between 2000 and 1200 Å, called the "UV upturn" or UVX. Our lower values of ΔY/ΔZ are consistent with a normal helium abundance at higher metallicity and suggest that other factors, such as a variable red giant branch mass loss with metallicity, may be important. When combined with 4He abundances in metal-poor galaxy H II regions, Magellanic Cloud H II regions, and M17 that have been determined from optical recombination lines, including the effects of temperature fluctuations, our radio 4He/H abundance ratio for S206 is consistent with a helium evolution of ΔY/ΔZ = 1.6. A linear extrapolation to zero metallicity predicts a 4He/H primordial abundance ratio about 5% lower than that given by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe and standard big bang nucleosynthesis. The measured 4He abundances may be systematically underestimated by a few percent if clumping exists in these H II regions.
Variations in Use of Meta Tag Keywords by Web Pages in Different Languages

Sets of top-ranking pages in 19 languages returned by the Google search engine were downloaded and their titles and meta tagged keywords analyzed. Results showed significant differences in proportion of pages with keywords depending on language; specifically, pages in Dutch, French, and German showed the highest proportions with keywords, while pages in Chinese and Korean showed the lowest proportions. Keywords were mostly in the languages of the pages, though on Chinese, Greek, Indonesian, and Turkish pages keywords in English or in English mixed with other languages predominated. The proportion of very long titles also varied significantly with language, with nearly 10% of titles on Russian pages exceeding 100 bytes, in contrast to less than 1% on Chinese, Finnish, Indonesian, and Polish pages. Both standard ASCII extensions and character entity references were used to code special characters in titles.
Prospective, Comparative Evaluation of Forearm and Lower Leg Hair Removal with 808-nm Diode Laser at Different Fluences

Background and Objectives High fluence diode lasers have emerged as the gold standard for removal of unwanted hair. Lowering the energy should result in less pain but could theoretically affect the efficacy of the therapy. The author designed this study to compare the efficacy of a low fluence 808-nm diode laser to that of a high fluence 808-nm diode laser for permanent hair removal in Korean women.
High-Fidelity Planetary Route Determination Using Computationally Efficient Monocular Fisheye Odometry and Sun Compass

Today’s planetary robotic exploration is carried out by large, lumbering rovers. Due to the expense of such rovers, the resulting missions are risk averse. Small, high-cadence, minimalist rovers are poised to break new ground by expanding space exploration capabilities. Whether by decreasing overall mission costs or enabling symbiotic exploration among multiple low-cost rovers, these minimalist rovers can allow missions to be more risk tolerant and more rapidly explore areas previously deemed too treacherous. Existing methods of localization and route determination of planetary rovers are expensive, both in computational time and power requirements. As a result, they are limited in their speed and performance even on today’s large, expensive rovers. The ability to quickly and efficiently estimate a rover’s route becomes even more crucial as the size, mass, computation, and power budgets continue to shrink. A method for inexpensive route determination will enable safer, faster, and smarter navigation of these minimalist rovers. This research presents a novel approach for computationally efficient visual odometry with an unactuated downward looking monocular fisheye camera which is feasible for minimalist rovers from both a computation and electromechanical configuration standpoint. This new visual odometry approach is combined with a sun compass and pose graph optimization to provide high fidelity route determination. Speaker Bio: Eugene Fang is a M.S. student in the Robotics Institute advised by William “Red” Whittaker. He received a B.S. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences from the University of California, Berkeley in 2014. His current research focuses on route determination for planetary rovers. Eugene Fang M.S. Student Robotics Institute
β‐Adrenergic Modulation of Glial Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channels

Abstract: Cultured spinal cord astrocytes (2–13 days in vitro) express several different potassium current types, including delayed rectifier, transient A‐type, and inward rectifier (Kir) K+ currents. Of these, Kir is believed to be of critical importance in the modulation of extracellular [K+] in the CNS. Using the whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique, we analyzed modulation of Kir currents by β‐adrenergic receptor activation. The selective β‐adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (1–100 µM) and epinephrine (1–100 µM) each reduced peak Kir current amplitudes to 52.7 ± 12.5 and 63.6 ± 7.0%, respectively, at 100 µM. Forskolin (KD of ∼25 µM), an activator of adenylate cyclase (AC), and dibutyryl‐cyclic AMP (1 mM), a membrane‐permeable analogue of cyclic AMP (cAMP), were each used to increase [cAMP]i, the product of AC, and resulted in similar reductions of Kir currents. By contrast, 1,9‐dideoxyforskolin (1–50 µM), a forskolin analogue that does not activate AC, did not affect Kir currents, indicating that AC activity is a required element for Kir modulation. Three inhibitors of PKA—Rp‐adenosine 3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphothioate, H‐7, and adenosine 3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate‐dependent protein kinase inhibitor—failed to inhibit Kir current reduction by β‐adrenergic agonists. These results indicate that β‐adrenergic receptor ligands can modulate Kir currents and suggest that this modulation involves activation of AC but not protein kinase A. Such modulation may provide a mechanism by which neurons can modulate glial Kir currents and thereby may affect glial K+“spatial buffering” in the CNS.
Applications of support vector machines to speech recognition

Recent work in machine learning has focused on models, such as the support vector machine (SVM), that automatically control generalization and parameterization as part of the overall optimization process. In this paper, we show that SVMs provide a significant improvement in performance on a static pattern classification task based on the Deterding vowel data. We also describe an application of SVMs to large vocabulary speech recognition and demonstrate an improvement in error rate on a continuous alphadigit task (OGI Alphadigits) and a large vocabulary conversational speech task (Switchboard). Issues related to the development and optimization of an SVM/HMM hybrid system are discussed.
Combining Anti-ERBB3 Antibodies Specific for Domain I and Domain III Enhances the Anti-Tumor Activity over the Individual Monoclonal Antibodies

Background Inappropriate signaling through the epidermal growth factor receptor family (EGFR1/ERBB1, ERBB2/HER2, ERBB3/HER3, and ERBB4/HER4) of receptor tyrosine kinases leads to unregulated activation of multiple downstream signaling pathways that are linked to cancer formation and progression. In particular, ERBB3 plays a critical role in linking ERBB signaling to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase and Akt signaling pathway and increased levels of ERBB3-dependent signaling is also increasingly recognized as a mechanism for acquired resistance to ERBB-targeted therapies. Methods We had previously reported the isolation of a panel of anti-ERBB3 single-chain Fv antibodies through use of phage-display technology. In the current study scFv specific for domain I (F4) and domain III (A5) were converted into human IgG1 formats and analyzed for efficacy. Results Treatment of cells with an oligoclonal mixture of the A5/F4 IgGs appeared more effective at blocking both ligand-induced and ligand-independent signaling through ERBB3 than either single IgG alone. This correlated with improved ability to inhibit the cell growth both as a single agent and in combination with other ERBB-targeted therapies. Treatment of NCI-N87 tumor xenografts with the A5/F4 oligoclonal led to a statistically significant decrease in tumor growth rate that was further enhanced in combination with trastuzumab. Conclusion These results suggest that an oligoclonal antibody mixture may be a more effective approach to downregulate ERBB3-dependent signaling.
Behavioral features in semantic dementia vs other forms of progressive aphasias

Objective: To compare the behavioral profiles in different variants of primary progressive aphasia (PPA). Methods: We classified 67 patients with PPA into three clinical variants: semantic dementia (SEMD), progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA), and logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA), and we compared the severity of behavioral dysfunction, as measured by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, in these groups and patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer disease (AD). Results: SEMD was associated with significantly more socioemotional behavioral dysfunction than the other two variants of PPA and than AD, specifically more disinhibition, aberrant motor behavior, and eating disorders—behaviors that are typical of FTD. In contrast, PNFA and LPA did not differ from each other or from AD in the type or severity of behavioral dysfunction. Behavioral abnormalities increased in severity with disease duration in SEMD, but this association was not detected in PNFA or LPA. Conclusions: Semantic dementia is associated with significantly more behavioral dysfunction than other variants of primary progressive aphasia, specifically behavioral features typical of frontotemporal dementia.
Co-registration of Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Radar Imaging and Image Improvement for Early Cancer Diagnosis

Unlike mainstream biomedical photoacoustics, mostly based on pulsed laser excitation, this work explores the alternative photoacoustic radar (PAR) modality, using intensity-modulated continuous-wave laser sources driven by frequency-swept (chirp) waveforms. A onedimensional, axisymmetric model, and quantitative blood oxygenation analysis were developed for analyzing experimental results. Signal processing tools are investigated to enhance system parameters such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), dynamic range and spatial resolution. Besides applying pulse compression through matched-filtering to generate high peak power crosscorrelation response, SNR can be improved by leveraging the distinct phase channel to filter the PAR amplitude channel acquired by the cross-correlation of the PA response and the reference waveform. Phase-filtering is also investigated as a spatial-resolution improvement technique. An in-vivo study of a cancer cell-injected mouse recorded a 14-15 dB SNR gain for the phasefiltered image compared to the amplitude and phase independently, while the phase PAR image produced ~340 μm spatial resolution compared to ~840 μm for the amplitude image. Additionally, to accelerate clinical acceptance and use, the combination of the PAR system with clinically-accepted ultrasound is explored. PAR tomography is investigated toward in-vivo
Correct Power Flow and Losses in Real-Time Simulation of HEV Powertrains

Hybrid electric powertrains are developed for reducing the fuel consumption and consequently the emission of carbon dioxide. The fuel consumption of those systems depends significantly on the topology of the powertrain and the applied control strategy. Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation can be used for improving the control strategy, where a real-time model of the powertrain with accurate consideration of the power losses is required. Developing those models is a time-consuming task due to the high dynamics and switching frequencies of the electrical subsystem and the various configurations of the mechanical subsystem. In this contribution methods for an efficient modeling of transmission systems and electric drives are presented. Real-Time capability as well as the correct power flows and losses are considered. Finally, simulation results are shown.
Increase in Maximum Power of a-Si, c-Si and GaAs.76P.24 Solar Cells Under Low Concentration

In this work, three types of solar cells, a-Si PIN, c-Si and GaAs0.76P0. 24, are measured under low solar concentration of up to 52 suns using a plano-convex lens. The effect of solar concentration on the different performance parameters (Jsc, Voc, maximum power, FF and efficiency) of each cell is studied. The Jsc increases by ∽30-50X for all cells when measured at 52suns. In addition the maximum power increases by a factor of 32x for a-Si cell, 18.4x for c-Si cell and 23x for GaAs.76P. 24 cell.
Cardiovascular diseases and risk of hip fracture.

CONTEXT Recent studies indicate common etiologies for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and osteoporotic fractures. OBJECTIVES To examine the relation between CVD and risk of hip fracture in twins and evaluate the relative importance of genetics and lifestyle factors in this association. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A cohort of all 31,936 Swedish twins born from 1914-1944 was followed up from the age of 50 years. The National Patient Registry identified twins with CVDs and fractures from 1964 through 2005. Time-dependent exposures using Cox proportional hazard regression models were evaluated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Time to hip fracture after diagnosis of CVD. RESULTS The crude absolute rate of hip fractures was 12.6 per 1000 person-years after a diagnosis of heart failure, 12.6 per 1000 person-years after a stroke, 6.6 per 1000 person-years after a diagnosis of peripheral atherosclerosis, and 5.2 per 1000 person-years after a diagnosis of ischemic heart disease compared with 1.2 per 1000 person-years for those without a CVD diagnosis. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of hip fracture after a diagnosis of heart failure was 4.40 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.43-5.63); after a stroke, the HR was 5.09 (95% CI, 4.18-6.20); after a diagnosis of peripheral atherosclerosis, the HR was 3.20 (95% CI, 2.28-4.50); and after an ischemic heart disease event, the HR was 2.32 (95% CI, 1.91-2.84). Identical twins without heart failure and stroke also had, after their co-twins had been exposed to these respective diseases, an increased rate of hip fracture. These sibling twins pseudoexposed for heart failure had a multivariable-adjusted HR of 3.74 (95% CI, 1.97-7.10) for hip fracture, whereas pseudoexposure for stroke had an HR of 2.29 (95% CI, 1.20-4.35). CONCLUSIONS A diagnosis of CVD was significantly associated with risk of subsequent hip fracture. Increased risks in co-twins without an index diagnosis suggest genetic factors in the association between CVD and osteoporotic fractures.
Investigation of Temperature Dependence of Polymer Gels for Use with Scanning Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Polymer gels are three-dimensional dosimetric tools. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the temperature dependence of polymer gels during scanning Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Prepared gels were irradiated with a 6MV X-ray beam at intensities ranging from 0 to 20 Gy in order to investigate their dose-R2 and dose-R1 responses. Irradiated gels were evaluated from 1.5-T magnetic resonance R2 and R1 images for each 5°C change in temperature from 5°C to 41°C, and then the four-field box technique irradiation plan was used to deliver a total dose of 4 Gy using the same beam weight in each direction to the prepared gels. The profile of the dose map generated from the four-field irradiated gel data at 20°C was then compared with the planned data. The dose-R2 response curve was linear up to 20 Gy at 20°C, with a slope of 1.17 Gy-1ds-1. The slopes of the fitted curves of the dose-R2 decreased as gel temperature increased. The slopes of the dose-R1 curves were more parallel than the slopes of the dose-R2 curves between 5 and 41°C. The difference in the full width of half maximum of the gel profile data obtained using the four-field box technique at 20°C and the planned data were below 5% on average. The dose map from the irradiated gels obtained using the dose-R2 curve was the same as that from the planned data under the same temperature conditions. Measurement of difference between various temperatures is significant with dose accuracy. It is suitable to evaluate the gel dosimeter under the thermal equilibrium condition, MRI room temperature from the point of view of the stability of the irradiated gels.