Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transformation or Bureaucratization? The changing role of community representation in local strategic partnerships in England

Abstract The debate about the need to build social capital and to engage local communities in public policy has become a central issue in many advanced liberal societies and developing countries. In many countries new forms of governance have emerged out of a growing realization that representative democracy by itself is no longer sufficient. One of the most significant public policy trends in the United Kingdom has been the involvement of community organizations and their members in the delivery of national policy, mediated through local systems of governance and management. One such policy area is urban regeneration. Central Government now requires local authorities in England to set up Local Strategic Partnerships (LSPs) to bring together stakeholders who can prepare Community Strategies and deliver social and economic programmes which target areas of deprivation. This paper reviews the key institutional processes which must be addressed, such as representation, accountability and transformation. It then investigates three very different examples of LSPs based on interviews with key representatives. The paper concludes that political commitments to community engagement in civil society are always mediated through existing institutional arrangements. Thus attempts to change deep-seated political structures and power relationships require a commitment to increase representation as well as to transform the practices and repertoires of deliberation and action.
Anticancer Activities of an Anthocyanin-Rich Extract From Black Rice Against Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

Anthocyanins widely present in human diet and have a variety of health effects. This study investigates the anticancer effects of an anthocyanin-rich extract from black rice (AEBR) on breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. AEBR reduced the viability of breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (ER+, HER2/neu−), MDA-MB-231 (ER−, HER2/neu−), and MDA-MB-453 (ER−, HER2/neu+) and induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-453 cells via the intrinsic pathway in vitro by activating caspase cascade, cleaving poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), depolarizing mitochondrial membrane potential, and releasing cytochrome C. Oral administration of AEBR (100 mg/kg/day) to BALB/c nude mice bearing MDA-MB-453 cell xenografts significantly suppressed tumor growth and angiogenesis by suppressing the expression of angiogenesis factors MMP-9, MMP-2, and uPA in tumor tissue. Altogether, this study suggests the anticancer effects of AEBR against human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by inducing apoptosis and suppressing angiogenesis.
Analyzing Error Types in English-Czech Machine Translation

Analyzing Error Types in English-Czech Machine Translation This paper examines two techniques of manual evaluation that can be used to identify error types of individual machine translation systems. The first technique of "blind post-editing" is being used in WMT evaluation campaigns since 2009 and manually constructed data of this type are available for various language pairs. The second technique of explicit marking of errors has been used in the past as well. We propose a method for interpreting blind post-editing data at a finer level and compare the results with explicit marking of errors. While the human annotation of either of the techniques is not exactly reproducible (relatively low agreement), both techniques lead to similar observations of differences of the systems. Specifically, we are able to suggest which errors in MT output are easy and hard to correct with no access to the source, a situation experienced by users who do not understand the source language.
Impact of emotional approach coping and hope on PTSD and depression symptoms in a trauma exposed sample of Veterans receiving outpatient VA mental health care services

Abstract The present investigation evaluates the relationship between coping style, dispositional hope, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptom severity in a trauma-exposed Veteran sample. Specifically, we evaluated the adaptive value of emotional avoidant and approach coping strategies and perceptions of hope in a sample of 209 trauma-exposed Veterans receiving outpatient mental health care at a VA facility. Participants completed a life events questionnaire and inventories assessing coping, dispositional hope, and PTSD and depression symptom severity. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted controlling for relevant demographic variables. Greater levels of emotional avoidance and lower levels of emotional expression were significantly associated with increased PTSD and depression symptom severity. Dispositional hope was positively associated with depression symptoms only and perceptions of hope moderated the association between emotional avoidance coping and depression symptoms. Findings highlight the value of emotional coping strategies and perceptions of hope in posttraumatic adjustment. Specifically, employing coping techniques that encourage emotional expression may promote improved adjustment among trauma-exposed individuals, while reduced perceptions of hope and the use of avoidant coping strategies may place individuals at greater risk for depression following exposure to traumatic events.
Environmental risk perception among race and ethnic groups in the United States

We examine varying levels of perceived environmental risks among nine U.S. race and ethnic group categories using the 2010 General Social Survey. Three interrelated questions motivate our analysis. First, how does the environmental risk perception of air pollution, water pollution, agricultural chemicals, climate change and nuclear power generation vary among specific categories of race and ethnicity? Second, to what degree are higher levels of perceived risk among immigrant-origin groups subject to change as a result of cultural assimilation over generations? And third, to what degree are race and ethnic differences in environmental risk perception a reflection of other possibly more significant factors such as education, income, gender and conservative political views? Though we find some evidence for attitude assimilation among generations of Mexican-origin people, the dominant pattern is greater perceived risks among non-whites than whites across generations in the U.S. Additionally, not only did race and ethnic groups show greater concern for the threats posed by climate change and nuclear power generation than whites, they also expressed more concern about these two topics than they did for more localized issues such as air pollution emanating from industry and transportation. Despite our statistical controls for socioeconomic status, race and ethnic categories remained strong independent predictors of perceived environmental threats.
An Analysis of General Public and Professional's Attitudes about Mental Health Courts: Predictors of a Positive Perspective

Little research has been conducted on the public perception of mental health courts (MHCs) despite its potential to influence government support and funding. To measure public and professionals’ opinions about MHCs, self-report attitude measures were administered online to members of the general public (n = 272) and professional groups with previous employment-related exposure to persons with mental health issues (n = 237). Over 86% of the professional exposure sample had positive attitudes towards MHCs, whereas only 4% reported negative opinions. Approximately 70% of professionals supported government funding for a MHC in their community and 57% agreed even if this led to a tax increase. The public sample was also generally positive in their opinions, and only 3% reported negative opinions. Approximately 80% of public sample reported that they would support or strongly support government funding for a MHC in their community, and 58% would support it even if it led to a tax increase. Positive attitudes were predicted by prior knowledge of MHCs, older age, exposure to mental-health coursework, psychological openness, positive help-seeking attitudes, and positive attitudes towards mental illness in general. These patterns were similar, but varying in degree, for those with and without employment-related exposure to mental illness. Education about the effect of a specific MHC led to significant changes in the proportion of favourable opinions. Thus, public perception of MHCs ranged from neutral to positive and can be enhanced through education.
Seven regions of the genome show evidence of linkage to type 1 diabetes in a consensus analysis of 767 multiplex families.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a genetically complex disorder of glucose homeostasis that results from the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas. Two previous whole-genome scans for linkage to T1D in 187 and 356 families containing affected sib pairs (ASPs) yielded apparently conflicting results, despite partial overlap in the families analyzed. However, each of these studies individually lacked power to detect loci with locus-specific disease prevalence/sib-risk ratios (lambda(s)) <1.4. In the present study, a third genome scan was performed using a new collection of 225 multiplex families with T1D, and the data from all three of these genome scans were merged and analyzed jointly. The combined sample of 831 ASPs, all with both parents genotyped, provided 90% power to detect linkage for loci with lambda(s) = 1.3 at P=7.4x10(-4). Three chromosome regions were identified that showed significant evidence of linkage (P<2.2x10(-5); LOD scores >4), 6p21 (IDDM1), 11p15 (IDDM2), 16q22-q24, and four more that showed suggestive evidence (P<7.4x10(-4), LOD scores > or =2.2), 10p11 (IDDM10), 2q31 (IDDM7, IDDM12, and IDDM13), 6q21 (IDDM15), and 1q42. Exploratory analyses, taking into account the presence of specific high-risk HLA genotypes or affected sibs' ages at disease onset, provided evidence of linkage at several additional sites, including the putative IDDM8 locus on chromosome 6q27. Our results indicate that much of the difficulty in mapping T1D susceptibility genes results from inadequate sample sizes, and the results point to the value of future international collaborations to assemble and analyze much larger data sets for linkage in complex diseases.
Providing fast and safe access to next-generation, non- volatile memories

Emerging non-volatile memory technologies such as phase change memory, spin-torque transfer memory, and the memristor, will provide many orders of magnitude decrease in latency compared to disk and flash memory, dramatic increases in bandwidth, and a byte-addressable interface similar to DRAM. These new memories will offer enormous performance gains and intuitive abstractions for storage, but fully realizing these benefits requires us to rid software of disk-centric optimizations, design decisions, and architectures that limit performance and ignore bottlenecks previously hidden by the poor performance of disk. The algorithms that storage and database systems use to enforce strong consistency guarantees are critical to performance, and current solutions are deeply tied to conventional disk technology. This dissertation addresses the problem of providing transactional support for fast, non-volatile memories that exploits their raw performance and makes programming easy. First, we present a prototype PCIe-based storage array that targets fast, non-volatile memories and provides hardware support for multi-part atomic write operations. Multi-part atomic writes atomically and durably commit groups of writes to storage. Unlike previous approaches for flash-based SSDs, multi-part atomic write support makes logging scalable and transparent, providing a strong foundation for flexible ACID transactions. Using multi-part atomic writes, existing transactions mechanisms such as ARIES-style write-ahead logging can be redesigned to make optimal use of these memories, providing up to 3.7× the performance of the baseline version of ARIES. Second, we address the problem of providing strong consistency guarantees for storage that is directly accessible via the processor's memory bus. We present NV-heaps, a persistent object store which provides a familiar programming interface and protects against application and system failures by avoiding familiar programmer errors as well as new errors that only arise with persistent objects. Compared to Berkeley DB and Stasis, two persistent object stores designed for disk, NV-heaps improves performance by 32× and 244×, respectively, for operations on a variety of persistent data structures. To further improve safety, we present programming language support for NV-heaps. We introduce a Java-like language that provides the features NV-heaps require, along with a new static dependent type system that enforces the invariants that make NV-heaps safe.
Links between serotonin reuptake inhibition during pregnancy and neurodevelopmental delay/spectrum disorders: A systematic review of epidemiological and physiological evidence.

OBJECTIVE To investigate possible linkages between neurodevelopmental delay and neurodevelopmental spectrum disorders and exposure to medication with effects on serotonin reuptake inhibition during pregnancy. METHODS We systematically reviewed the epidemiological literature for studies bearing on this relationship in children born with neurodevelopmental spectrum disorder and related conditions, as well as animal studies giving serotonin reuptake inhibitors to pregnant animals and in addition reviewed the literature for proposals as to possible mechanisms that might link effects on serotonin reuptake with cognitive changes post-partum.The epidemiological studies were analysed to produce Forest plots to illustrate possible relations. RESULTS The odds ratio of Autistic Spectrum or related Disorders in children born to women taking serotonin reuptake inhibiting antidepressants during pregnancy in case control studies was 1.95 (95% C.I. 1.63, 2.34) and in prospective cohort studies was 1.96 (95% C.I. 1.33, 2.90). CONCLUSIONS There appears to be a link between serotonin reuptake inhibition in pregnancy and developmental delay and spectrum disorders in infancy leading to cognitive difficulties in childhood. More work needs to be done to establish more precisely the nature of the difficulties and possible mechanisms through which this link might be mediated.
Experience and Participation: Relating Theories of Learning

This paper explores the relationships between experiential education and other holistic theories of education including constructivism, social constructionism and cultural discourses. Situated learning is introduced because it provides a comprehensive theorization of learning as participation situated in the context of community practice. Thus situated learning affords a telling comparison with experiential education and provides conceptual structures which may support the further development of experiential education. The exploration of other learning theories broadly related to experiential education results in the identification of lacunae, or gaps, within experiential education. These lacunae exist specifically within the theory of learning in experiential education. The consequence of this is that the learning process in experiential education requires further theorization.
Determining the Effective Dimensionality of the Genetic Variance–Covariance Matrix

Determining the dimensionality of G provides an important perspective on the genetic basis of a multivariate suite of traits. Since the introduction of Fisher's geometric model, the number of genetically independent traits underlying a set of functionally related phenotypic traits has been recognized as an important factor influencing the response to selection. Here, we show how the effective dimensionality of G can be established, using a method for the determination of the dimensionality of the effect space from a multivariate general linear model introduced by Amemiya (1985). We compare this approach with two other available methods, factor-analytic modeling and bootstrapping, using a half-sib experiment that estimated G for eight cuticular hydrocarbons of Drosophila serrata. In our example, eight pheromone traits were shown to be adequately represented by only two underlying genetic dimensions by Amemiya's approach and factor-analytic modeling of the covariance structure at the sire level. In contrast, bootstrapping identified four dimensions with significant genetic variance. A simulation study indicated that while the performance of Amemiya's method was more sensitive to power constraints, it performed as well or better than factor-analytic modeling in correctly identifying the original genetic dimensions at moderate to high levels of heritability. The bootstrap approach consistently overestimated the number of dimensions in all cases and performed less well than Amemiya's method at subspace recovery.
Hemispherical Multiple Camera System for High Resolution Omni-Directional Light Field Imaging

Inspiration from light field imaging concepts has led to the construction of multi-aperture imaging systems. Using multiple cameras as individual apertures is a topic of high relevance in the light field imaging domain. The need for wide field-of-view (FOV) and high-resolution video for applications in areas of surveillance, robotics and automotive systems has driven the idea of omni-directional vision. Recently, the Panoptic camera concept has been presented that mimics the eyes of flying insects using multiple imagers. The Panoptic camera utilizes a novel methodology for constructing a spherically arranged wide FOV plenoptic imaging system whereas omni-directional image quality is limited by low resolution sensors. In this paper, a very-high resolution light field imaging and recording system inspired from the Panoptic approach is presented. Major challenges consisting of managing the huge amount of data as well as maintaining a scalable system are addressed. The proposed system is capable of recording omni-directional video at 30 fps with a resolution exceeding 9000 2400 pixels. The system is capable of capturing the surrounding light field in a FOV. This important feature opens the door to various post processing techniques such as quality-enhanced 3D cinematography, very high resolution depth map estimation and high dynamic-range applications which are beyond standard stitching and panorama generation.
‘Destinations in change’

Tourism studies have for a long time been interested in tourist destinations, their identity and the changes occurring in them. In view of the ‘spatialization of social theory’ and the past discussions on locality studies in human geography, this article seeks to contribute to our understanding of research into tourist destinations and their changes. The article focuses on the conceptual nature of tourist destination and especially the processes transforming the idea of a destination, its representations and physical character as a subject of research. Tourist destinations are seen as dynamic, historical units with specific identities characterized by hegemonic and other discourses, which all produce a notion of what the destination is and represents at the time. However, there is not just one idea or discourse of destination at the time but several, possibly even conflicting ones, which emphasizes the need to consider the ethical aspects of tourism development in research.
Revolutionary Pants: Identity, Play, and Collective Action

Walking across the Berkeley campus, Judith Butler and another woman encounter a group of students who are singing, dancing, handing out flyers, and, oddly enough, not wearing pants. Clad in an assortment of underwear ranging from grey plaid boxers to short lime green ruffled pettipants, these students are, we come to find out, celebrating No Pants Day. A female student, wearing bikini briefs and striped socks, approaches Butler with a smile, calls out, ‘‘Hey, happy No Pants Day,’’ and attempts to hand her a flyer. Butler immediately refuses the flyer with a curt ‘‘no thank you,’’ but then pauses to tell the student, ‘‘you need to leave right this minute because you’re going to be on television and you’re going to be in trouble and I’m going to tell your parents. ’’ The student, laughing incredulously, replies, ‘‘I mean, I’m old enough to be on television without pants on! ’’ As she walks away, Butler comments in French to her companion about the ‘‘madness of Berkeley’’ (folie de Berkeley), and concludes that this celebration simply ‘‘is not revolutionary’’ (pas révolutionnaire). This scene, occurring near the beginning of the documentary film Judith Butler: Philosophical Encounters of the Third Kind , is relatively brief and is not mentioned again for the duration of the film. Butler is, of course, quite right: No Pants Day most likely is not an event that will foment a revolution or create any substantial changes in the world. Rather, No Pants Day, an annual international holiday celebrated on the first Friday in May, is, according to the No Pants Day website, ‘‘a day where everyone, be they students, respectable businessmen, or cherished community leaders, leave their pants behind. ’’ While those involved in No Pants Day encourage public playfulness by flouting the conventions of appropriate attire, and while this playfulness is understood to be potentially transformative, no particular social or political agenda is forwarded. Again, as the website explains, ‘‘when large groups of people parade around in public without their pants, amazing things are bound to happen. At the very least, you’ll take your drab, wretched life a little less seriously, at least for one day. ’’
Energy Efficient IR-UWB WBAN using a Generic Wake-up Radio based MAC Protocol

This paper addresses the energy efficiency of impulse radio (IR-UWB) based wireless body area networks (WBAN). An energy efficiency optimization model is proposed for the IR-UWB WBAN which is based on a generic wake-up radio (WUR) based medium access control (GWR-MAC) protocol. GWR-MAC takes advantage of the WUR to decrease the network energy consumption especially in applications with rare events. Energy efficiency gains are enabled by using a dual-radio approach, in which a specific WUR is used to trigger the wake-up of main data radio. Proposed analytical energy efficiency model enables to compare the GWR-MAC based WBAN energy consumption with the duty cycle radio based approach. Results clearly show the GWR-MAC potential to improve the energy efficiency of IR-UWB based WBAN.
Pathways to Teacher Learning in Multicultural Contexts

This longitudinal case study focused on the learning trajectories of two novice bilingual education teachers in urban schools. We traced changes in and relationships between these teachers' knowledge, beliefs, and interactive thinking about teaching culturally diverse learners. Multiple data collection strategies were used, including concept maps, in-depth interviews, surveys, and stimulated recall interviews. Data were collected before and after a multicultural education course in which the teachers were enrolled during their 1--year MEd and credential program. Data were also collected during their first and second years of inservice teaching. Results suggest that the relationship between teachers' knowledge, beliefs, and decision making is complicated and dynamic. Classroom and school contexts affected teachers' attempts to enact constructivist and social justice education principles. Moreover, prior beliefs as well as the teacher education program (TEP) and teachers' own developmental needs contributed to the ways in which these teachers learned to teach. The findings suggest that if we are to prepare teachers to teach culturally diverse learners, we must design TEPs that provide both resources and opportunities to master and appropriate the components of good teaching for diverse learners.