Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Almost periodicity in time of solutions of the KdV equation

We study the Cauchy problem for the KdV equation $\partial_t u - 6 u \partial_x u + \partial_x^3 u = 0$ with almost periodic initial data $u(x,0)=V(x)$. We consider initial data $V$, for which the associated Schr\"odinger operator is absolutely continuous and has a spectrum that is not too thin in a sense we specify, and show the existence, uniqueness, and almost periodicity in time of solutions. This establishes a conjecture of Percy Deift for this class of initial data. The result is shown to apply to all small analytic quasiperiodic initial data with Diophantine frequency vector.
Quantification of bird migration by radar – a detection probability problem

Besides the scientific interest in the quantification of bird migration, there is an increasing need to quantify bird movements for the assessment of bird collision risk with artificial structures. In many environmental impact studies, the radar method is used in an inappropriate manner. The processing of echoes consists often of counting blips within defined screen fields, and the surveyed volume is estimated without reference to the detection probabilities of different ‘target sizes’ (radar cross-sections). The aim of this paper is to present a procedure to quantify bird migration reliably using radar by stating the theoretical requirements of every single step of this procedure and presenting methodological solutions using our own radar data from extensive field studies. Our methodological solutions can be applied to various radar systems, including widely used ship radar. The procedure presented involves discriminating the echoes of birds and insects and estimating the different detection probabilities of differently ‘sized’ birds (radar cross-sections). By ignoring the different detection probabilities, density estimations may be wrong by as much as 400%. We fear that quantification of bird migration and predicted bird numbers affected by collisions with artificial structures are in many cases based on unreliable estimates.
ServiceJ A Java Extension for ProgrammingWeb Services Interactions

Object-oriented programming languages are losing pace with the rapidly evolving Web Services paradigm. They are unable to deal with the distributed, volatile nature of web services, and they lack expressive language constructs for complex web service interactions. In this paper, we present ServiceJ, a Java extension with integrated support for web service programming. By extending the type system with type qualifiers, ServiceJ realizes important objectives from both paradigms. On one hand, ServiceJ resembles Java by promoting reuse and abstraction, and by supporting type- safe web service invocations. On the other hand, ServiceJ supports late web service binding, Quality of Service negotiation, and transparent web service failover. We provide an in-depth discussion of our type system extension, formally prove its type soundness, and compare our language extension with related object-oriented and service-oriented programming languages.
Caffeine does not cause override of the G2/M block induced by UVc or gamma radiation in normal human skin fibroblasts

Caffeine has for many years been known to be involved in the sensitization of DNA to damage. One potential mechanism recently put forward is an override of the G2/M block induced by irradiation, which would leave the cells less time for DNA repair prior to mitosis. However, different cell types display a variety of responses and no clear pathway has yet emerged, especially as little is known about the capacity of this agent to enhance DNA damage in normal, untransformed cells. Continuous exposure to commonly used caffeine concentrations (1–5 mM) inhibited the proliferation of normal human fibroblasts (NHFs) in a dose-dependent manner to up to 80% at 5 mM. Exposure of exponentially growing NHFs to UVc radiation (20 J m−2) or γ radiation (2.5–8 Gy) led to a 45–60% inhibition of proliferation and protracted accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase. Addition of 2 mM caffeine after irradiation induced slowing of the S phase passage, with a resultant delay in G2/M accumulation mimicking a G2/M block override. These results were confirmed by stathmokinetic studies, which showed delayed entry of the cells into mitosis in the presence of caffeine. Our data demonstrate that caffeine primarily inhibits replicative DNA synthesis and suggest that, at least in normal cells, caffeine potentiates the cytotoxicity of radiation by intervening in DNA repair rather than by overriding the G2/M block. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign
A 2.4Vp-p output, 0.045-32.5 GHz CMOS Distributed Amplifier

This paper describes a single-ended five-stage CMOS distributed amplifier employing m-derived filter sections in the artificial transmission lines. The distributed amplifier exhibits a measured pass-band gain of 8.8 + 1 dB for a 5 V rail, and a bandwidth of 45 MHz to 29.5 GHz with a unity gain bandwidth of 32.5 GHz. The die size is 0.85 x 1.0 mm2. The amplifier exhibits a peak-to-peak output voltage of 2.4 V. This amplifier is suitable for use in communication systems.
Media, communication and democracy : Global and national environments - an introduction

Ever since the birth of modern democracies, free speech and an independent press have been regarded as crucial and indispensable conditions for the functioning of a democratic political system. The demise of authoritarian regimes and spreading of democracy in other parts of the world in the late 20th century-which Samuel Huntington (1991) called 'the third wave of global democratisation'-has even further increased researchers' interest in the role of media in facilitating democratic transition and enabling subsequent democratic consolidation (particularly in Eastern Europe and Latin America). Based on recent developments in the Arab world, which have seen several Middle Eastern countries toppling their authoritarian leaders in events reportedly sparked by and organised through new communication technologies and social networks (Lim 2012, Youmans and York 2012), one can argue that studying the links between media, democracy and democratization processes is as topical as it can possibly be.
Shaping early childhood : learners, curriculum and contexts

Foreword Acknowledgements Introduction PART 1: Models of the learner Reflecting on the learner Models of the learner: Conforming to nature, conforming to culture Models of the learner: reforming through interaction between nature and culture Models of the learner: Transforming culture and nature Models of the learner: Critical reflections PART 2: Positions on the early childhood curriculum Reflecting on the early childhood curriculum Curriculum position: conforming to society Curriculum position: reforming society Curriculum position: transforming society Curriculum positions: critical reflections PART 3: Curriculum contexts Reflecting on contexts Curriculum contexts: parents and communities Curriculum contexts: becoming an early childhood professional Curriculum contexts: critical reflections References Index
Design and Implementation of a Consistent Data Store for a Distributed SDN Control Plane

Scalable and fault-tolerant distributed Software-Defined Networking (SDN) controllers usually give up strong consistency for the network state, adopting instead the more efficient eventually consistent storage model. This decision is mostly due to the performance overhead of the strongly consistent replication protocols (e.g., Paxos, RAFT), which limits the responsiveness and scalability of network applications. Unfortunately, this lack of consistency leads to a complex programming model for network applications and can lead to network anomalies. In this paper we show how the lack of control plane consistency can lead to network problems and propose a distributed SDN control plane architecture to address this issue. Our modular architecture is supported by a fault-tolerant data store that provides the strong consistency properties necessary for transparent distribution of the control plane. In order to deal with the fundamental concern of such design, we apply a number of techniques tailored to SDN for optimizing the data store performance. To evaluate the impact of these techniques we analyze the workloads generated by three real SDN applications as they interact with the data store. Our results show a two-to four-fold improvement in latency and throughput, respectively, when compared with a non-optimized design.
CNF Instances from the Software Package Installation Problem

The complexity of software package installations poses a number of key challenges. Very often it is not possible to install all the desired packages and a variety of solutions can be thought of. Recent work has suggested the optimization of a user-provided objective function. The present work aims at characterizing the CNF instances resulting from the software package installation problem. Starting from a basic configuration, different installations have been generated by adding a subset of the most popular packages. We have studied the hardness of satisfiable and unsatisfiable instances, as well as the unsatisfiable cores of the unsatisfiable instances and the maximum number of packages that can be installed when the instance is unsatisfiable. The obtained results shed additional light on optimization criteria to solve installation conflicts.
A mathematical model of noise in narrowband power line communication systems

This manuscript introduces a mathematically tractable and accurate model of narrowband power line noise based on experimental measurements. In this paper, the noise is expressed as a Gaussian process whose instantaneous variance is a periodic time function. With this assumption and representation, the cyclostationary features of power line noise can be described in close form. The periodic function that represents the variance is then approximated with a small number of parameters. The noise waveform generated with this model shows good agreement with that of actually measured noise. Noise waveforms generated by different models are also compared with that of the proposed model.
An Attention-based System Approach for Scene Analysis in Driver Assistance Ein aufmerksamkeitsbasierter Systemansatz zur Szenenanalyse in der Fahrerassistenz

Abstract Research on computer vision systems for driver assistance resulted in a variety of isolated approaches mainly performing very specialized tasks like, e. g. , lane keeping or traffic sign detection. However, for a full understanding of generic traffic situations, integrated and flexible approaches are needed. We here present a highly integrated vision architecture for an advanced driver assistance system inspired by human cognitive principles. The system uses an attention system as the flexible and generic front-end for all visual processing, allowing a task-specific scene decomposition and search for known objects (based on a short term memory) as well as generic object classes (based on a long term memory). Knowledge fusion, e. g. , between an internal 3D representation and a reliable road detection module improves the system performance. The system heavily relies on top-down links to modulate lower processing levels, resulting in a high system robustness.
Molecular Evolution and Star Formation: From Prestellar Cores to Protostellar Cores

We investigate molecular evolution in a star-forming core that is initially a hydrostatic starless core and collapses to form a low-mass protostar. The results of a one-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamics calculation are adopted as a physical model of the core. We first derive radii at which CO and large organic species sublimate. CO sublimation in the central region starts shortly before the formation of the first hydrostatic core. When the protostar is born, the CO sublimation radius extends to 100 AU, and the region inside ≲10 AU is hotter than 100 K, at which temperature some large organic species evaporate. We calculate the temporal variation of physical parameters in infalling shells, in which the molecular evolution is solved using an updated gas-grain chemical model to derive the spatial distribution of molecules in a protostellar core. The shells pass through the warm region of 10-100 K in several × 104 yr, and fall into the central star ~100 yr after they enter the region where T≳ 100 K. We find that large organic species are formed mainly via grain-surface reactions at temperatures of 20-40 K and then desorbed into the gas phase at their sublimation temperatures. Carbon-chain species can be formed by a combination of gas-phase reactions and grain-surface reactions following the sublimation of CH4. Our model also predicts that CO2 is more abundant in isolated cores, while gas-phase large organic species are more abundant in cores embedded in ambient clouds.
A hybrid constraints scattered genetic algorithm with interior point method

While using genetic algorithm to solve constrained optimization problems, some of its shortcomings appear such as difficulty in obtaining feasible individuals in many strong constraint conditions and poor local search ability. In this paper, an algorithmic thought of constraints scattering is presented to divide the complete constraints of a problem into several sub-populations for processing, which effectively improves the global search ability of the new algorithm. Experiments show that with this operation population can achieve better performance, which means containing more feasible solutions with larger feasible solution diversity, can be generated during the iteration of genetic algorithm. Then further combined with the interior point method, a new hybrid constraints scattered genetic algorithm with interior point method(CSGA-I) is proposed to ensure the local search ability while searching the whole feasible region. Experiments and comparisons over a set of standard test functions demonstrate that our approach has a better solution precision at less computation cost than most of the other algorithm reported in literature.
Identification and Validation of Selected Universal Stress Protein Domain Containing Drought-Responsive Genes in Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.)

Pigeonpea is a resilient crop, which is relatively more drought tolerant than many other legume crops. To understand the molecular mechanisms of this unique feature of pigeonpea, 51 genes were selected using the Hidden Markov Models (HMM) those codes for proteins having close similarity to universal stress protein domain. Validation of these genes was conducted on three pigeonpea genotypes (ICPL 151, ICPL 8755, and ICPL 227) having different levels of drought tolerance. Gene expression analysis using qRT-PCR revealed 6, 8, and 18 genes to be ≥2-fold differentially expressed in ICPL 151, ICPL 8755, and ICPL 227, respectively. A total of 10 differentially expressed genes showed ≥2-fold up-regulation in the more drought tolerant genotype, which encoded four different classes of proteins. These include plant U-box protein (four genes), universal stress protein A-like protein (four genes), cation/H(+) antiporter protein (one gene) and an uncharacterized protein (one gene). Genes C. cajan_29830 and C. cajan_33874 belonging to uspA, were found significantly expressed in all the three genotypes with ≥2-fold expression variations. Expression profiling of these two genes on the four other legume crops revealed their specific role in pigeonpea. Therefore, these genes seem to be promising candidates for conferring drought tolerance specifically to pigeonpea.
Isolation, karyotype, and clonal growth of heterogeneous subpopulations of human malignant gliomas.

Abstract The histological pleomorphism of human malignant gliomas as well as their variable response to therapy suggests that such tumors are not homogeneous but are composed of a heterogeneous population of cells. To search for heterogeneity in these tumors, we developed a protocol to identify by karyotype, isolate, and clone the subpopulations of the tumor. Freshly resected tumors were mechanically dissociated into single cells that were grown in suspension and short-term monolayer cultures. Chromosomal preparations were collected over the first 6 to 72 hr postresection. The karyotypes prepared comprised the “reference set” of chromosomes found in each tumor. The dissociated single cells were also dilution plated for monolayer culture. Cells that attached were marked and isolated as clones whose karyotypes were compared to those in the reference set in order to identify those clones that were cellular representatives of the tumor. Explant cultures established from the same tumor were grown in monolayer culture and cloned; their karyotypes were likewise compared to those in the reference set. Eight gliomas were analyzed. Each had metaphases that ranged in chromosome number from hypodiploid to hyperploid, but the frequency distribution of the subpopulations differed among the tumors. Defining a cellular subpopulation in the tumor as one yielding at least five karyotypically identical cells in the reference set, we found that each tumor contained from three to 21 subpopulations. All but one tumor produced 100 or more clones, and in seven tumors, more than 50% of the clones could be expanded for karyotyping; 7.6 to 25% of these clones had karyotypes identifiable in the reference set of their tumor. There was little relationship between the morphology of the clones and their karyotypes or growth kinetics. While explant cultures grew well, no clone derived from such cultures could be identified in the reference set. The protocol permits studies of clonal lines identifiable as cellular representatives of a patient9s tumor and not variants generated in tissue culture. These studies confirmed that human malignant gliomas are comprised of karyotypically heterogeneous cellular subpopulations. Preliminary work suggests that their phenotypic behavior may be similarly heterogeneous.
RISCO E RETORNO: O DESEMPENHO DA CARTEIRA DE EMPRESTIMOS DE UMA COOPERATIVA CENTRAL DE CRÉDITO

As cooperativas de credito atuam basicamente no setor primario da economia, com o objetivo de permitir uma melhor comercializacao de produtos e criar facilidades para financiamento de suas producoes. Destacando-se que os usuarios finais do credito que concedem sao sempre os cooperados. Neste trabalho avaliou-se o risco e rentabilidade dos emprestimos para capital de giro concedidos aos segmentos de cooperativas a comerciantes, cooperativas de servidores publicos, cooperativas de funcionarios de empresas e ao segmento de cooperativas de profissionais liberais de uma central cooperativa. A metodologia usada foi a analise de carteira de investimentos do modelo CAPM (Capital Assets Pricing Model), considerando as variaveis de risco e retorno dos emprestimos da carteira global e dos emprestimos a cada segmento que compoem a carteira global da central das cooperativas. Os resultados mostraram que a rentabilidade da carteira global dos emprestimos se manteve constante para os anos estudados, mas que houve variacoes tanto para a rentabilidade e o risco nos segmentos estudados. Sendo que a carteira de emprestimos as cooperativas de comerciantes contribuiram com maior risco e rentabilidade a carteira global.
Construction Method of Boolean Functions Based on Genetic Algorithm

Cryptography plays an important role in the network environment and wireless applications. Most of the time, the information in wireless and network environment is encrypted by stream ciphers which must resist many kinds of attacks. Algebraic immunity (AI) is one of the most important characteristics which evaluate the resistance against algebraic attacks. Constructing a Boolean function which has both AI and other crypto characteristics is an important studying field. In this paper, we study the AI and other properties, and then propose a construction method based on genetic algorithm that can obtain Boolean functions with good cryptographic appearance.
Optimal caching mechanism for JPEG 2000 communications

In this paper we study an optimal transmission mechanism along with a memory caching strategy in a server-client architecture for large JPEG2000 (J2K) images browsing. The system takes advantage on the scalability introduced by J2K codestreams. The idea is that users accessing the server could navigate in a seamless way in one or several images. They could change the displaying requirements, ask for a desired resolution, quality or region of interest (ROI) with no need to receive the whole codestream. We propose a smart data streaming strategy to minimize the latency time and support interactive browsing. Our strategy takes into account several constraints as delays, memory, bandwidth, etc., for permitting fast adaptation to image browsing with optimal employment of resources.
Web content mining for alias identification: A first step towards suspect tracking

In this paper, we present the design of a web content mining system to identify and extract aliases of a given entity from the Web in an automatic way. Starting with a pattern-based information extraction process, the system applies n-gram technique to extract candidate aliases. Thereafter, various statistical measures are applied to identify feasible aliases from them. The extracted aliases can be used to generate profiles of suspects and keep track of their movements on the Web using different identities.
The utility of operationalising the concept of skill ecosystems: the case of intermediate occupations in Scotland

Purpose – The primary purpose of this paper is to highlight the utility of operationalising the concept of skill ecosystems, or more accurately “intermediate occupational skill ecosystems”. Design/methodology/approach – This paper draws on the process and findings of an empirical study of intermediate occupations in Scotland which set out to explore changing systems of initial skill creation and related problems of skill by embedding these systems within the broader canvas of skill ecosystems.Findings – Operationalising skill ecosystems not only provided a framework from which to explore and provide an explanation of changing initial systems of skill creation but also supported broader conjectures on the nature of developments and problems within intermediate occupations.Practical implications – The operationalisation presented has relevance to policy makers and academics beyond the scope of this particular examination of intermediate occupations. For policy makers, it emphasises that better skills utilisa.
Poor and paying for it : the price of living on a low income

1. Life on a Low Income - by Gillian Fyfe 2. Housing - by Robina Goodlad and Nicholas Williams 3. Energy and Fuel Consumption - by Bill Sheldrick 4. Food and Nutrition - by Damian Killeen 5. Health and Welfare Services - by Lisa Curtice 6. Education - by Sheila Riddell 7. Transport - by John Farrington 8. High Street Goods and Services - by Keri Davies and Mark Gabbott 9. Social Security - by Angus Erskine 10. Credit and Debt - by Michael Adler and David McMillan 11. Legal Services - by Elizabeth Macdonald.
H.E.S.S. Galactic Plane Survey unveils a Milagro Hotspot

We report here on a new VHE source, HESS J1908+063, disovered during the extended H.E. S.S. survey of the Galactic plane and which coincides with the recently reported MILAGRO unidentied source MGRO J1908+06. The position, extension and spectrum measurements of the HESS source are presented and compared to those of MGRO J1908+06. Possible counterparts at other wavelenghts are discussed. For the first time one of the low-lattitude MILAGRO sources is confirmed.