Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychological distress, physical illness, and risk of coronary heart disease

Study objective: The aims of this study are to confirm the association between psychological distress and coronary heart disease (CHD) using an epidemiological community study with hospital admissions data and to examine if any association is explained by existing illness. Design: Prospective cohort study modelling the association between psychological distress, measured using the 30 item general health questionnaire (GHQ), and hospital admissions data for CHD (ICD 410–414), using proportional hazards modelling adjusted for sociodemographic, CHD risk factors, and angina, bronchitis, diabetes, ischaemia, and stroke. Setting: Two suburbs of Glasgow, Renfrew and Paisley, in Scotland. Participants: 6575 men and women aged 45–64 years from Paisley. Main:results: Five year CHD risk in distressed men compared with non-distressed men was 1.78 (95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.15 to 2.75) in age adjusted analysis, 1.78 (95% CI, 1.14 to 2.79) with sociodemographic and CHD risk factor adjustment, and 1.61 (95% CI 1.02 to 2.55) with additional adjustment for existing illness. Psychological distress was unrelated to five year CHD risk in women. In further analysis, compared with healthy, non-distressed men, distressed physically ill men had a greater risk of CHD than non-distressed physically ill men, a relative risk of 4.01 (95% CI 2.42 to 6.66) compared with 2.12 (95% CI 1.35 to 3.32). Conclusion: The association of psychological distress with an increased risk of five year CHD risk in men could be a function of baseline physical illness but an effect independent of physical illness cannot be ruled out. Its presence among physically ill men greatly increases CHD risk.
Functional regulation of the Listeria monocytogenes bacteriophage A118 holin by an intragenic inhibitor lacking the first transmembrane domain

We have dissected the functional properties of the holin encoded by Listeria monocytogenes bacteriophage A118. Native hol118 was cloned into λΔSthf, devoid of the S holin, and tested in an E. coli background. Surprisingly, it caused very late cell lysis, beginning at 80 min after induction. Immunological analyses demonstrated that Hol118 appears in the cytoplasmic membrane shortly after infection. The hol118 gene features a dual start motif similar to λ S. Therefore, different N‐terminally modified Hol118 variants were tested. However, in contrast to λ S, inactivation of AUG‐1 or AUG‐2 showed no significant influence on lysis timing. In addition, Hol118‐mediated lysis could not be triggered by energy poisons, indicating a functional regulation different from that of S. Toeprinting assays on hol118 mRNA revealed an unexpected translational start codon (AUG‐3) at nucleotide position 40. We demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo approaches that the predicted Hol118(83) product is actually produced together with the full‐length polypeptide. However, although the truncated holin lacking its first transmembrane domain appeared in the cytoplasmic membrane, it was shown to be functionally deficient and unable to support λ R‐mediated lysis. In contrast, specific mutations introduced to abolish translation initiation at AUG‐3 drastically accelerated lysis, pointing to an inhibitor function of Hol118(83). This hypothesis was supported by the observation that hol118(83) inhibited holin function when expressed in trans. A deviation from the λ S paradigm is proposed, which represents a new model of holin functional regulation: the intragenic, in frame translated Hol118(83) product, which is devoid of its first transmembrane domain, acts as a functional inhibitor and constitutes a key part of the lysis clock of A118. Presence of the dominant inhibitor function also explains the long latent period of A118, where the onset of lysis takes about 70 min, more than twice the time needed by λ.
SSUP-HRI: Social Signaling in Urban Public Human-Robot Interaction dataset

This paper introduces our dataset featuring human-robot interactions (HRI) in urban public environments. This dataset is rich with social signals that we believe can be modeled to help understand naturalistic human-robot interaction. Our dataset currently comprises approximately 15 hours of video footage recorded from the robots' perspectives, within which we annotated a total of 274 observable interactions featuring a wide range of naturalistic human-robot interactions. The data was collected by two mobile trash barrel robots deployed in Astor Place, New York City, over the course of a week. We invite the HRI community to access and utilize our dataset. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first dataset showcasing robot deployments in a complete public, non-controlled setting involving urban residents.
The alibi-generation effect: Alibi-generation experience influences alibi evaluation: The alibi-generation effect

Purpose. Post-conviction DNA exonerations demonstrate a failure of alibis to protect innocent suspects. We contend one reason alibis are not believed is because evaluators underestimate how difficult it is for an innocent person to generate a convincing alibi. We hypothesized that asking evaluators to first generate an alibi of their own would lead evaluators to consider a suspect's alibi as more believable. Methods. Participants (N= 147) were randomly assigned to either evaluate a suspect's alibi before generating their own alibi (evaluate-first) or generate their own alibi before evaluating the suspect's alibi (generate-first). Participants provided alibis from either 3 days previous or 30 days previous. In Experiment 2, participants (N= 255) were randomly assigned to either generate-first, evaluate-first, or read-experience (in which they read about alibi-generation difficulty) conditions. Half the participants were primed to think empathetically with Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) subscales, and half were not. All participants evaluated the believability of the suspect's alibi as well as their own alibis. Results. Across both experiments, participants who generated their own alibi first rated the suspect's alibi as more believable. This alibi-generation effect overshadowed alibi latency in Experiment 1 and the empathy manipulation in Experiment 2. Conclusions. Alibi-generation experience seems to change the expectations evaluators have of alibis from criminal suspects. This effect likely emanates from increased awareness that alibis are difficult for innocent people to generate and from the emotional experience of having difficulty generating alibis.
Substantivos-suporte: uma visão lexicográfica

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo lexicografico dos substantivos-suporte. Esses nominais possuem caracteristicas analogas aos chamados verbos leves ou verbos-suporte, apresentando propriedades lexicograficas distintivas, como o elevado numero de acepcoes em suas entradas, o elevado numero de expressoes multi-vocabulares em que ocorrem e o grau interligacao de suas definicoes por referencias cruzadas. O trabalho se situa na confluencia entre estudos lingu.sticos, lexicograficos e computacionais e explora a potencialidade da analise de corpora para a fundamentacao e evidenciacao de conceitos linguisticos.
New Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis

Freud approved the overall editorial plan, specific renderings of key words and phrases, and the addition of valuable notes, from bibliographical and explanatory. Many of the translations were done by Strachey himself; the rest were prepared under his supervision. The result was to place the Standard Edition in a position of unquestioned supremacy over all other existing versions. Newly designed in a uniform format, each new paperback in the Standard Edition opens with a biographical essay on Freud's life and work -along with a note on the individual volume-by Peter Gay, Sterling Professor of History at Yale.
Role of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in the development of acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion in a gerbil model.

The efficacy of amoxicillin/clavulanate and cefuroxime was determined in a gerbil model of otitis media with a mixed Streptococcus pneumoniae plus Haemophilus influenzae middle ear (ME) infection. Results were compared with those obtained in a previous single H. influenzae model. All untreated animals inoculated with the mixed inoculum developed acute otitis media (AOM), whereas 86.7% of those inoculated with H. influenzae developed otitis media with effusion (OME). Antibiotics eradicated H. influenzae from the ME more efficiently in AOM than in OME, and this difference was highly significant (P</=.001) after administration of 5 mg/kg of either drug (amoxicillin/clavulanate, 100% vs. 10%; cefuroxime, 73.3% vs. 10%). Efficacy was predicted by the relation of in vitro susceptibility and ME antibiotic concentration, which was 2.7 times higher in AOM than in OME. In the mixed otitis model, the most efficacious antibiotic was able to prevent AOM, but >80% of animals developed culture-negative OME.
Begging signals and biparental care: nestling choice between parental feeding locations

The evolutionary conflict over the amount of resources transferred between a parent and its offspring may be resolved by honest signalling of 'need' by offspring and parental investment in relation to signalling level. In birds, biparental care is the norm and evidence that male and female parents differ in their investment pattern in individual offspring is growing. In an experiment on great tits, Parus major, we investigated how and why parents differ in food allocation when responding to similar chick signals, which supposedly uniquely reflect the chick's nutritional condition. Nestling hunger level was manipulated by food deprivation and hand-feeding. Subsequent filming revealed that parents fed from significantly different locations on the nest and thereby forced chicks to choose between them when competing for favourable positions. Deprived nestlings approached, and fed ones retreated (or were displaced by siblings) from, positions near the female. No such behaviour was observed towards the male. Females allocated more feeds than males to the food-deprived nestlings. The results are discussed in terms of nestling competition for access to 'begging patches'. By varying their 'begging patch' value, parents may exploit competitive inter-sibling dynamics to influence the outcome of competition among chick phenotypes (e.g. 'need', size, sex). Parent birds may thereby exert considerable control over the information content of chick begging behaviour. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
Attitudes Toward Oral Contraceptive Use Among Women of Reproductive Age: A Systematic Review

Despite the effectiveness of oral contraceptives (OCs), their popularity differs across populations. Attitudes are a significant factor that influences OC use. This report systematically reviews 28 studies on attitudes toward OC use among women. The Matrix Method was used to review the literature. Affective, cognitive, and behavioral components of attitudes were analyzed, including satisfaction, safety, fear/anxiety, and inconvenience. In general, negative attitudes still prevail across countries. Positive attitudes are more prevalent in Europe. Effective counseling and education are needed for those negatively disposed toward OC use. For favorable users, compliance strategies for longer continuation with OC regimen must be provided.
On a complex-analytic approach to classifying stationary measures on $S^1$ with respect to the countably supported measures on $PSU(1,1)$

We provide a complex-analytic approach to the classification of positive stationary measures on $S^1$ with respect to complex finite Borel measures on $PSU(1,1)$ satisfying the finite first moment condition by studying their Poisson-like and Cauchy-like transforms from the perspective of generalized analytic continuation. This approach allows us to establish a functional-analytic criterion for singularity of a hitting measure for random walks on lattices in $PSU(1,1)$. In addition, this approach suggests alternative proofs to the several well-known related results by Furstenberg, Kaimanovich, Guivarc'h-le Jan and Bourgain, among several others.
Analysis of Hermite-interpolatory subdivision schemes

The theory of matrix subdivision schemes provides tools for the analysis of general uniform stationary matrix schemes. The special case of Hermite-interpolatory subdivision schemes deals with reenement algorithms for the function and the derivatives' values, with matrix masks depending upon the reenement l e v el, i.e., non-stationary matrix masks. Here we rst show that a Hermite-interpolatory subdivision scheme can be transformed into a stationary process. Then, using special schemes for generating some Hermite-type divided diierences, we give the theory and the tools for analyzing the convergence and smoothness of Hermite-interpolatory schemes. 1. Stationary Hermite-interpolatory schemes Hermite-type subdivision schemes of order 2 were already considered in 14] and in 12]. In the present paper we are discussing the basic properties and the proper analysis tools for higher order Hermite-type subdivision schemes. The analysis presented here is an adaptation of the methods in 2], 4], 10], 15] and especially 12], exploiting the structure and the special signiicance of Hermite-type data. Examples and numerical implementation of the analysis tools are presented in 3]. The Hermite-interpolatory scheme of order m is of the form f k+1 n = X j2Z Z A (k) n;2j f k j n 2 ZZ Z (1:1) where ff k n g are vectors in IR m , f k n is the vector attached to the diadic point t = 2 ;k n at level k of the subdivision. The m m matrices fA (k) n n 2 ZZg which form the 'mask' of the scheme at level k, are non-zero only for the nite set of indices I. In particular A (k) 2n = I mm nn0 due to the interpolatory nature of the scheme. The scheme converges to a C s limit function with s m ; 1 if there exists f 2 C s such that f k n = (f (0)
Clearance of Enteric Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Chickens Is Independent of B-Cell Function

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium colonizes the gut of chickens and is cleared from the intestine within about 3 weeks. Infection induces high levels of specific antibody, but B cells do not play an essential role in clearance of primary infection or in the enhanced clearance after secondary challenge.
Listener reliability in assigning utterance boundaries in children's spontaneous speech

ABSTRACT Research and clinical practices often rely on an utterance unit for spoken language analysis. This paper calls attention to the problems encountered when identifying utterance boundaries in young children's spontaneous conversational speech. The results of a reliability study of utterance boundary assignment are described for 20 females with graduate professional education in speech–language pathology. They judged audiorecorded spontaneous speech samples that were elicited from 4-year-old children. Their agreement with each other (interobserver) was significantly lower than their self-agreement (intraobserver). Interobserver agreement varied with the length/grammatical complexity of response turns, and the number and types of selective boundary cues presented in the speech stimuli. The findings have research and clinical implications for the utterance as a conceptual notion and its use constraints.
A DNA Prime-Mycobacterium bovis BCG Boost Vaccination Strategy for Cattle Induces Protection against Bovine Tuberculosis

ABSTRACT The variable efficacy of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (Mycobacterium bovis BCG) in protecting humans and cattle against tuberculosis has prompted a search for a more effective vaccination regimen. A prime-boost strategy was investigated in cattle naturally sensitized to environmental mycobacteria by using a combination of three DNA vaccines coding for Hsp 65, Hsp 70, and Apa for priming, followed by a boost with BCG prior to experimental challenge with virulent M. bovis. Controls were vaccinated with DNA or BCG alone or were not vaccinated. The immune responses were monitored throughout the study, and protection was assessed based on reductions in the numbers of lesions and viable mycobacteria in lymph node samples. Vaccination with BCG alone or with a DNA prime-BCG boost regimen induced high levels of antigen-specific gamma interferon (IFN-γ) in whole-blood cultures. In the prime-boost group there were fewer animals with severe lung lesions, fewer lymph nodes with lesions per animal, a smaller proportion of animals with lesions, lower mean lung and lymph node lesion scores, and less M. bovis isolated from retropharyngeal and thoracic lymph nodes compared to the results obtained for the nonvaccinated animals. The prime-boost regimen induced significant enhancement of protection in six parameters, compared with significant enhancement of protection in only two parameters for BCG alone. In addition, following challenge, in vitro IFN-γ responses against ESAT-6 and CFP-10, as well as bovine tuberculin-induced skin test and in vitro IFN-γ responses, were identified as immunological markers that predicted protection. The use of the prime-boost strategy suggested that a combination of vaccines may be better than a single vaccine for protection against tuberculosis.
Assessment of Fetal Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy Using Directed Cell-Free DNA Analysis

Objective: To examine the performance of chromosome-selective sequencing of cell-free (cf) DNA in maternal blood for assessment of fetal sex chromosome aneuploidies. Methods: This was a case-control study of 177 stored maternal plasma samples, obtained before fetal karyotyping at 11-13 weeks of gestation, from 59 singleton pregnancies with fetal sex chromosome aneuploidies (45,X, n = 49; 47,XXX, n = 6; 47,XXY, n = 1; 47,XYY, n = 3) and 118 with euploid fetuses (46,XY, n = 59; 46,XX, n = 59). Digital analysis of selected regions (DANSR™) on chromosomes 21, 18, 13, X and Y was performed and the fetal-fraction optimized risk of trisomy evaluation (FORTE™) algorithm was used to estimate the risk for non-disomic genotypes. Performance was calculated at a risk cut-off of 1:100. Results: Analysis of cfDNA provided risk scores for 172 (97.2%) samples; 4 samples (45,X, n = 2; 46,XY, n = 1; 46,XX, n = 1) had an insufficient fetal cfDNA fraction for reliable testing and 1 case (47,XXX) failed laboratory quality control metrics. The classification was correct in 43 (91.5%) of 47 cases of 45,X, all 5 of 47,XXX, 1 of 47,XXY and 3 of 47,XYY. There were no false-positive results for monosomy X. Discussion: Analysis of cfDNA by chromosome-selective sequencing can correctly classify fetal sex chromosome aneuploidy with reasonably high sensitivity.
Report on the 27th European conference on information retrieval research (ECIR 2005)

The 27th European Conference on Information Retrieval Research (ECIR 2005), celebrated in Santiago de Compostela (Spain) on 21-23 March 2005, was jointly organized by the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain) and the University of Granada (Spain), under the auspices of the Information Retrieval Specialist Group of the British Computer Society (BCS-IRSG). The conference was co-chaired by David E. Losada (University of Santiago de Compostela) and Juan M. Fernández-Luna (University of Granada) and was celebrated in the Technical School of Engineering of the University of Santiago de Compostela.
Control of Oscillating Water Column-based wave power generation plants for grid connection

There is a worldwide interest in the use of renewable resources for the generation of electrical power. Between all renewable energy sources, ocean energy is the one that still has the furthest to go to achieve commercial maturity. As the most promising ocean energy that can be harnessed in the Basque Country is wave energy, the NEREIDA MOWC project, promoted and led by Basque Energy Board, aims to prove the viability of this technology for future commercial plants. In this paper, an Oscillating Water Column-based wave power generation plant is modeled and controlled by means of a new control scheme that takes into account the influence of turbine damping and the main requirements imposed by new Grid Codes when a grid fault occurs on the transmission system.
Baseline Mixture Models for Social Networks

Continuous mixtures of distributions are widely employed in the statistical literature as models for phenomena with highly divergent outcomes; in particular, many familiar heavy-tailed distributions arise naturally as mixtures of light-tailed distributions (e.g., Gaussians), and play an important role in applications as diverse as modeling of extreme values and robust inference. In the case of social networks, continuous mixtures of graph distributions can likewise be employed to model social processes with heterogeneous outcomes, or as robust priors for network inference. Here, we introduce some simple families of network models based on continuous mixtures of baseline distributions. While analytically and computationally tractable, these models allow more flexible modeling of cross-graph heterogeneity than is possible with conventional baseline (e.g., Bernoulli or $U|man$ distributions). We illustrate the utility of these baseline mixture models with application to problems of multiple-network ERGMs, network evolution, and efficient network inference. Our results underscore the potential ubiquity of network processes with nontrivial mixture behavior in natural settings, and raise some potentially disturbing questions regarding the adequacy of current network data collection practices.
Dimension-Exchange Algorithms for Load Balancing on Trees

This paper considers dimension-exchange algorithms for load balancing on trees with finitely-divisible loads (token distribution). We present improved analysis of an existing protocol, and in particular, establish a logarithmic upper bound on the discrepancy of the final distribution. Our second contribution is a new algorithm, which assuming each node has knowledge of the total number of nodes, determines a perfectly balanced distribution.
CD40 ligand‐positive CD8+ T cell clones allow B cell growth and differentiation

A fraction of activated CD8+ T cells expresses CD40 ligand (CD40L), a molecule that plays a key role in T cell‐dependent B cell stimulation. CD8+ T cell clones were examined for CD40L expression and for their capacity to allow the growth and differentiation of B cells, upon activation with immobilized anti‐CD3. According to CD40L expression, CD8+ clones could be grouped into three subsets. CD8+ T cell clones expressing high levels of CD40L (≥80% CD40L+ cells) were equivalent to CD4+ T cell clones with regard to induction of tonsil B cell proliferation and immunoglobulin (Ig) production, provided the combination of interleukin (IL)‐2 and IL‐10 was added to cultures. CD8+ T cell clones, with intermediate levels of CD40L expression (10 to 30% CD40L+ cells), also stimulated B cell proliferation and Ig secretion with IL‐2 and IL‐10. B cell responses induced by these CD8+ T cell clones were neutralized by blocking monoclonal antibodies specific for either CD40L or CD40. By contrast, CD40L−− T cell clones (⩽5 % CD40L+ cells), only induced marginal B cell responses even with IL‐2 and IL‐10. All three clone types were able to activate B cells as shown by up‐regulation of CD25, CD80 and CD86 expression. A neutralizing anti‐CD40L antibody indicated that T cell‐dependent B cell activation was only partly dependent on CD40‐CD40L interaction. These CD40L−− clones had no inhibitory effects on B cell proliferation induced by CD40L‐expressing CD8+ T cell clones. Taken together, these results indicate that CD8+ T cells can induce B cell growth and differentiation in a CD40L‐CD40‐dependent fashion.