Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enabling Dynamic Software Evolution through Automatic Refactoring

Many software systems must always stay operational, and cannot be shutdown in order to adapt them to new requirements. For such systems, dynamic software evolu tion techniques are needed. In this paper we show how we can exploi t automated refactorings to improve a software the component structure of a software system while the system is running in order to facilitate future evolutions. We report on some experiments we performed in Smalltalk to achieve this goal.
Extraction of carotenoid and thin layer chromatography ( TLC ) , GC-MS , FTIR and HPLC analysis of pharmaceutically important pigment astaxanthin from a new strain of Haematococcus pluvialis

Carotenoids are bio-pigments naturally available in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms which cannot be synthesized biologically by one self including animal but, required for our basic nutritional supplement. Different types of carotenoid pigments are available with different colors especially yellow, orange, red, and purple etc. includes approximately 700 different types (Cabral et al., 2011 and Li et al., 2012). Due to the availability of different varieties of colors; these carotenoid pigments are of great commercial value as colorants, as antioxidants due to free radical scavenging activity alternatively as anti-tumor, carotenoid pigments primarily plays role in the production of vitamin-A synthesis as a precursor and for morphogenesis of retinoid compounds. Thus, carotenoid plays wide applications in food colorants, nutrient supplements, animal feed and cosmetics manufacturing industries (Altamirano et al., 1992; Ananvoranich et al., 1995; Bakker et al., 1997; Cabral et al., 2011; Li et al., 2012). Some of the pharmaceutically as well as commercially important carotenoid pigments are lycopene, á-carotene, ß-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin and ß-cryptoxanthin which are needed most abundant for blood plasma in 2321-7871
Efficient Object Recognition Using Parametric Eigenspace under Influence of Noise and Occlusion

The effect of noise and occlusion on parametric eigenspace is studied in depth in this paper in order to identify the response of the system for distorted inputs from different sources and environmental factors. The eigenspace method of Murase become very popular due to its ability of automatic visual learning and power to capture the parametric details of the object with low memory. The work done is aimed towards analyzing the different factors that may affect the performance of the system. Paper discusses the effect of number of images used and effect of number of principal components used while training, on recognition system with highly correlated objects with experimental analysis. The work is also carried out for the effect of variation in universal PC for noise and occlusion with correlated and non correlated objects. The work also focuses on memory utilization of system.
Gedankenlesen aus der Hirnaktivität?

Zusammenfassung Kann man auf der Basis der Gehirnaktivität einer Person bestimmen, was sie gerade denkt und fühlt? Im Forschungsgebiet des „Brain-Reading” (wörtlich: Gehirnlesen) wird untersucht, inwiefern es möglich ist, aus den Hirnprozessen einer Person auf ihre Gedankeninhalte zu schließen. Die Grundidee ist, dass jeder Gedanke mit einem charakteristischen Aktivierungsmuster im Gehirn einhergeht. Trainiert man einen Computer darauf, solche Muster zu erkennen, wird es möglich, die Gedanken einer Person allein aus der Hirnaktivität auszulesen. Bereits heute sind eine Reihe verschiedener Gedanken ausgelesen worden. Dazu zählen visuelle Wahrnehmungen und Vorstellungen, Erinnerungen, Absichten, Gefühle und Trauminhalte. Es ist bisweilen sogar möglich, aus der Hirnaktivität mehr über die mentalen Prozesse einer Person auszulesen, als ihr selbst bewusst ist. So kann man in bestimmten Situationen Absichten, bereits mehrere Sekunden bevor sie das Bewusstsein erreichen, auslesen. Trotz der erheblichen Erfolge in den letzten Jahren stößt das „Brain-Reading” jedoch auch schnell an Grenzen. So ist es zum Beispiel aus prinzipiellen Gründen schwierig, beliebige Gedanken auszulesen oder Erkenntnisse von einer Person auf andere zu übertragen. Es ist also noch ein langer Weg bis zu einer hypothetischen „universellen Gedankenlesemaschine”, bei der die beliebigen Gedanken einer beliebigen Versuchsperson auf Anhieb ausgelesen werden können. Es zeichnen sich mit heute verfügbaren Ansätzen bereits zwar einige Anwendungsmöglichkeiten ab, wie etwa in der Forensik und Kriminologie, in der Steuerung von Computern und künstlichen Prothesen mittels der Hirnaktivität, oder auch im „Neuromarketing”. Allerdings sind diese Techniken weit von der Anwendungsreife entfernt. Außerdem stellen sich vor ihrem Einsatz erhebliche ethische Fragen.
Transcriptome-Wide Analysis Reveals the Role of PPARγ Controlling the Lipid Metabolism in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells

To explore the large-scale effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG) in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMEC), an oligonucleotide microarray platform was used for transcriptome profiling in cells overexpressing PPARG and incubated with or without rosiglitazone (ROSI, a PPARγ agonist). A total of 1143 differentially expressed genes (DEG) due to treatment were detected. The Dynamic Impact Approach (DIA) analysis uncovered the most impacted and induced pathways “fatty acid elongation in mitochondria,” “glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis-keratan sulfate,” and “pentose phosphate pathway. ” The data highlights the central role of PPARG in milk fatty acid metabolism via controlling fatty acid elongation, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid, lipid formation, and lipid secretion; furthermore, its role related to carbohydrate metabolism promotes the production of intermediates required for milk fat synthesis. Analysis of upstream regulators indicated that PPARG participates in multiple physiological processes via controlling or cross talking with other key transcription factors such as PPARD and NR1H3 (also known as liver-X-receptor-α). This transcriptome-wide analysis represents the first attempt to better understand the biological relevance of PPARG expression in ruminant mammary cells. Overall, the data underscored the importance of PPARG in mammary lipid metabolism and transcription factor control.
Situated and autonomic communication an EC FET European initiative

The recent advances in communication and networking technologies and the way in which these are being integrated in the human, working and social framework have made it increasingly evident that there are a number of technical and socio-economic areas whose understanding is still less than satisfactory, and in which long-term research is needed. Current communication/networking solutions appear neither tasknor knowledge-driven, and they are not fully scalable in relation to the ongoing explosion of communication needs, at macro and micro levels. In general, we can observe that the increasingly higher density mesh of components of communications systems and the resulting growing complexity of control requires more and more distributed and self-organizing structures, relying on simple and dependable elements able to collaborate to produce sophisticated behaviors. The main feature of future communication paradigms will be the ability to adapt to an evolving situation, where new resources can become available, administrative domains can change and economic models can vary accordingly. To promote and structure the European research efforts in this long-term research area, a proactive initiative titled ”Situated and Autonomic Communications” was defined in the Future and Emerging Technologies (FET) part of the IST research program funded by the European Commission. Its definition took place in several open workshops organized by FET under the theme ”Communication Paradigms for 2020” (see http://www.cordis.lu/ist/fet/comms.htm).
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities Is the Export-led Growth Hypothesis Valid for Developing Countries? a Case Study of Costa Rica

NOTE The views expressed in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the UNCTAD secretariat. The designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested, together with a reference to the document number. A copy of the publication containing the quotation or reprint should be sent to the UNCTAD secretariat: ABSTRACT The export-led growth hypothesis (ELGH) postulates that export growth is one of the key determinants of economic growth. This study goes beyond the traditional neoclassical theory of production by estimating an augmented Cobb−Douglas production function. The inclusion of exports as a third input provides an alternative procedure to capture total factor productivity (TFP) growth. The study tests the hypothesis by analysing the case of Costa Rica, using annual data for the period 1950−1997. In using several procedures to test for cointegration, it goes beyond the traditional time series studies by examining empirically the short-term as well as the long-run relationship. The study finds that the ELGH is valid in this particular case; however, the empirical results show that physical investment and population mainly drove Costa Rica's overall economic performance from 1950 onwards. From a review of the literature we find that the empirical evidence regarding the relationship between exports and growth is not robust, and although the results of the study suggest that exports have a positive effect on the overall rate of economic growth and could be considered an " engine of growth " as the ELGH advocates, their impact was quantitatively relatively small, in both the short and the long-run. The evidence presented clearly supports the neoclassical theory of production and, to a lesser extent, the so-called new-fashioned economic wisdom. Moreover, it challenges the empirical literature regarding the ELGH and expresses serious doubts with regard to promoting exports as a comprehensive development strategy. The ELGH is probably beneficial only for a limited number of developing countries, and only to a certain extent. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to Susan Teltscher, Bijit Bora and seminar participants at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development …
Review: Plasticity of the Visual Cortex after Injury: What’s Different about the Young Brain?

The repercussions of localized injury of the cerebral cortex in young brains differ from the repercussions triggered by equivalent damage of the mature brain. In the young brain, some distant neurons are more vulnerable to the lesion, whereas others survive and expand their projections to bypass damaged and degenerated structures. The net result is sparing of neural processing and behaviors. This article summarizes both the modifications in visual pathways resulting from visual cortex lesions sustained early in life and the neural and behavioral processes that are spared or permanently impaired. Experiments using reversible deactivation show that at least two highly localizable functions of normal cerebral cortex are remapped across the cortical surface as a result of an early lesion of the primary visual cortex. Moreover, the redistributions have spread the essential neural operations underlying orienting behavior from the visual parietal cortex to a normally functionally distinct type of cortex in the visual temporal system, and in the opposite direction for complex-pattern recognition. Similar functional reorganizations may underlie sparing of neural processes and behavior following early lesions in other cerebral systems, and these other systems may respond well to emerging therapeutic strategies designed to enhance the sparing of functions.
Genetic Diversity of Intimin Gene of Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Human, Animals and Raw Meats in China

Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) is considered to be an emerging enteropathogen that is more prevalent than typical EPEC in developing and developed countries. The major adherence factor, intimin, an outer membrane protein encoded by eae, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of aEPEC. This study investigated the distribution and polymorphisms of intimin subtypes of 143 aEPEC strains from diarrheal patients, healthy carriers, animals, and raw meats in China. These aEPEC strains belonged to more than 71 different serotypes, which comprised 52 O serogroups and 24 H types. Sixty-eight different eae genotypes and 19 intimin subtypes were detected. Eighteen, eight, seven, and five intimin subtypes were identified from 86 diarrheal patients, 14 healthy carriers, 19 animals, and 24 raw meats strains, respectively. Intimin β1 was the most prevalent subtype in strains from diarrheal patients (34.88%) and animals (47.37%). There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of eae-β1 between diarrheal patients and healthy carriers (P = 0.004). Intimin-θ was more predominant among raw meat strains (50%) than among diarrheal patients strains (12.79%, P = 0.0003), healthy carrier strains (7.14%, P = 0.007), or animal strains (15.79%, P = 0.020). The two predominant subtypes (eae-β1 and eae-θ) had considerable polymorphisms with no significant differences among the four sources. PFGE analysis revealed 119 distinct patterns and the strains were clustered into 11 groups with similarity indices ranging from 63% to 100%. These results suggest that in China, aEPEC strains from different sources are highly heterogeneous. Animals and raw meats are important sources of genetically diverse intimin-harboring aEPEC, which might serve as important transmission vehicles of these bacteria.
Effects of Computer-Facilitated Emotion Recognition Training for Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Intellectual Disabilities

This study assessed effects of an emotion recognition training administered via a computer-facilitated, multimedia instructional program for adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual disabilities (ID). The intervention consisting of 410 activities was tested with a group of participants with ASD (n = 43) with a mean age 33.71 +/- 5.98 years who were divided into an experimental group (n = 22) and a control group (wait list) (n = 21). This pilot intervention study indicates that the experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in both basic and advanced emotion recognition and the control group demonstrated no such improvements. In addition, the experimental group showed indirect benefits by demonstrating a significant reduction in stress. Emotion Recognition, The Eyes Task, and Advanced Dynamic Complex Visual Emotion Recognition.
Transfer Learning Based on SVD for Spam Filtering

At present most email spam filtering methods assume that the training data from a source domain and the test data from a target domain follow the same distribution. However, in many cases this assumption may not be hold. In this paper we propose a transfer learning method based on singular value decomposition (SVD) for solving spam filtering problem. We compute the similarity between target particular features and common features with singular value decomposition method in order to learn a common feature representation. Then we rebuild a vector space model (VSM) of the training and the test data. The final label predictions are decided by a traditional machine learning method. The empirical results on three data sets show that our method is effective.
A extraction method of human head in complex background

For face detection in complex background environment, this paper proposed one method of human head's accurate localization based on background difference method and the improved convex combination template. Effective image can be obtained through the image preprocessing. We can gain the human body contours by using the background difference method, then initially ascertained the position of human head by utilizing the relative relationship between human head and torso, also made use of fuzzy clustering convex combination template to get the exact position of the head. Experimental results show that the method can improve the body and head positioning algorithm speed and accuracy.
Morpheme concatenation approach in language modeling for large-vocabulary Uyghur speech recognition

For large-vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) of highly-inflected languages, selection of an appropriate recognition unit is the first important step. The morpheme-based approach is often adopted because of its high coverage and linguistic properties. But morpheme units are short, often consisting of one or two phonemes, thus they are more likely to be confused in ASR than word units. Generally, word units provide better linguistic constraint, but increases the vocabulary size explosively, causing OOV (out-of-vocabulary) and data sparseness problems in language modeling. In this research, we investigate approaches of selecting word entries by concatenating morpheme sequences, which would reduce word error rate (WER). Specifically, we compare the ASR results of the word-based model and those of the morpheme-based model, and extract typical patterns which would reduce the WER. This method has been successfully applied to an Uyghur LVCSR system, resulting in a significant reduction of WER without a drastic increase of the vocabulary size.
Use of Sodium Bicarbonate in Cardiac Arrest: Current Guidelines and Literature Review

The aim of the review was to summarize the literature over the last 25 years regarding bicarbonate administration in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. A PubMed search was conducted using the terms “bicarbonates” and “cardiac arrest”, limited to human studies and reviews published in English (or at least with a meaningful abstract in English) in the last 25 years. Clinical and experimental data raised questions regarding the safety and effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate (SB) administration during cardiac arrest. Earlier advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) guidelines recommended routine bicarbonate administration as part of the ACLS algorithm, but recent guidelines no longer recommend its use. The debate in the literature is ongoing, but at the present time, SB administration is only recommended for cardiac arrest related to hypokalemia or overdose of tricyclic antidepressants. Several studies challenge the assumption that bicarbonate administration is beneficial for treatment of acidosis in cardiac arrest. At the present time, there is a trend against using bicarbonates in cardiac arrest, and this trend is supported by guidelines published by professional societies and organizations.
Multi‐receptive field graph convolutional neural networks for pedestrian detection

Although great progress has been achieved for general object detection with the advent of deep learning, there are still several limitations when applied to pedestrian detection task. In this article, the authors mainly consider the following three problems. (i) most deep learning-based methods are time-consuming and require large storage space, making them unsuitable for real-world applications; (ii) the scale of person varies greatly, which decreases the pedestrian detection performance; (iii) as pedestrians may be occluded by vehicles or other persons, it makes pedestrian detection more challenging. In response to these limitations, this article proposes a multi-receptive field-based framework for single-shot pedestrian detection. Authors' contributions can be summarised as follows. First, to reduce the computational complexity of the detector, the authors design the multi-receptive pooling pyramid module, which reduces the computation cost of the detector and improves its performance. Next, body parts graphs are built on the learned convolutional neural networks (CNN) features, and a graph CNN is used to mine the relationships of the graph nodes. Finally, experiments are conducted on two public pedestrian detection datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
CENTRAL BANKING AND FINANCIAL INNOVATION

We review the literature regarding the impact of financial innovation on the monetary transmission mechanism and on the way the central bank can achieve its ultimate goal, that is to control the price level.We argue that, although the form of central bank instruments and current methods for implementing monetary policy may change, the goals that the policy makers try to achieve by employing these instruments remain valid, and achievable.
Corner owards automated traceability maintenance

Traceability relations support stakeholders in understanding the dependencies between artifacts created during the development of a software system and thus enable many development-related tasks. To ensure that the anticipated benefits of these tasks can be realized, it is necessary to have an up-to-date set of traceability relations between the established artifacts. This goal requires the creation of traceability relations during the initial development process. Furthermore, the goal also requires the maintenance of traceability relations over time as the software system evolves in order to prevent their decay. In this paper, an approach is discussed that supports the (semi-) automated update of traceability relations
Refactoring Needs and Extreme Programming

In this study, we used a near-clone detector to search for refactoring opportunities in two implementations of the same software. The first was developed in a typical manner. The second was developed subsequently by members of the same research team employing several extreme programming (XP) practices, including test-driven development and pair programming. We searched the two resulting Java packages and the test code for the second project for pairs of methods with large alignment of their parse trees. We examined these pairs to determine whether the pair was truly refactorable, and the type of refactoring needed. Initial results indicate that refactoring opportunities persist in all three code bases, but they differ in kind and seriousness. XP and other “ agile” methodologies are growing in number of practitioners and may become a significant factor in industrial software development over the next decade. As such, our study may signal to refactoring specialists a coming shift in the types of refactoring tools that will be needed by XP teams in the future, and to XP practitioners the nature of continued opportunities for refactoring that many XP developers are missing.