Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Arginine Vasopressin 1a Receptor (AVPR1a) RS3 Repeat Polymorphism Associated with Entrepreneurship

Background: Entrepreneurship is crucial to the creation and development of every industry, and considerable work in economics, psychology, management, and other fields of social science has been devoted to analyzing characteristics of these individuals. Twin studies suggest that entrepreneurship has a genetic component, but so far no specific genes have been robustly identified. Methodology/Principal Findings: In a sample of 135 highly accomplished managers, we examine the frequencies of three genotypes: the long-repeat genotype of the RS3 microsatellite in the arginine vasopressin 1a receptor promoter region (AVPR1a), the 7-repeat genotype of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4), and the low-activity Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA) genotype. We find that individuals who have founded more companies are significantly more likely to be homozygous for the long-repeat allele of AVPR1a. Furthermore, even among individuals who founded fewer companies, we find a higher frequency of the long-long genotype in our sample compared to data reported in outside studies not related to entrepreneurship. Conversely, no such relationship with entrepreneurship is observed for DRD4 or MAOA. Conclusions: The genetic associations (and lack thereof) reported here identify AVPR1a and not DRD4 or MAOA as a potential candidate for future research into the genetic underpinnings of entrepreneurship. However, our results should be interpreted with caution given the sample size and the prevalence of false positives in this literature.
Gestational- and labour-associated changes in the relative abundance of prostaglandin G/H synthase-1 and -2 mRNA in ovine placenta.

The aim of this study was to establish the gestational- and labour-associated variation in the relative abundance of prostaglandin synthase-1 (PGHS-1) and prostaglandin synthase-2 (PGHS-2) mRNA in ovine placenta (cotyledons). Cotyledons were collected from non-labouring ewes at 40-145 days of gestation (n = 25) and from ewes in active labour (145-147 days, n = 5). The relative abundance of PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 mRNA transcripts was determined by Northern blot analysis and laser densitometry, using a 2.3 kb sheep and a 1.2 kb mouse cDNA probe respectively. Data were expressed as a ratio of PGHS transcript hybridization/18S rRNA hybridization. During pregnancy, the relative abundance of PGHS-2 mRNA increased sevenfold, from 0.19 +/- 0.04 at 40-85 days (n = 5) to 1.39 +/- 0.05 at 140-145 days (n = 4) (P < 0.01). PGHS-1 mRNA relative abundance did not change significantly (P > 0.05) during gestation. Neither PGHS-1 nor PGHS-2 mRNA relative abundance changed significantly in association with labour onset at term (n = 5) when compared with the relative abundance observed at 140-145 days (n = 4) (P > 0.05). The data obtained in this study are consistent with the hypothesis that PGHS-1 is constitutively expressed in ovine placenta during pregnancy and at the time of labour, and that PGHS-2 is induced during the second half of pregnancy. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The responsiveness of cerebral blood flow to changes in arterial carbon dioxide is maintained during propofol-nitrous oxide anesthesia in humans.

Because it is common to manipulate PaCO2 during neurosurgery, it is essential to characterize the relationship between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and changes in PaCO2. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of propofol-N2O anesthesia on the CBF response to changes in PaCO2 in healthy subjects. In seven patients, anesthesia was induced with propofol 2.0-2.5 mg/kg and then maintained with a propofol infusion of 12 mg.kg-1.h-1 for 10 min and then 9 mg.kg-1.h-1 for 10 min and then was reduced to 3-6 mg.kg-1.h-1 for the remainder of the study. The subjects' lungs were ventilated with N2O in O2 (FIO2 0.3) to the end-tidal CO2 present before anesthesia, and then CBF was measured using intravenous 133Xe and ten scintillation counters, five over each cerebral hemisphere. ETCO2 then was increased to 50 mmHg and CBF measurement repeated; ETCO2 then was reduced to 30 mmHg and CBF measurement repeated. Concurrent with each CBF measurement, arterial blood was sampled for PaCO2 and hemoglobin measurement. CBF at normocapnia (PaCO2 42 +/- 2 mmHg) was 33 +/- 7 ml.100 g-1.min-1, which increased to 58 +/- 10 ml.100 g-1.min-1 and decreased to 19 +/- 4 ml.100 g-1.min-1 on increasing PaCO2 (53 +/- 4 mmHg) and decreasing PaCO2 (31 +/- 2 mmHg), respectively. Both the PaCO2 and CBF values were statistically different from those measured at any other time (CBF P less than 0.002, PaCO2 P less than 0.001). The slope of CBF versus PaCO2 was 1.56 ml.100 g-1.min-1.mmHg. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Antisaccade deficit is present in young first-episode patients with schizophrenia but not in their healthy young siblings

Background Results of studies on antisaccade (AS) deficit in relatives of patients with schizophrenia are inconclusive. We hypothesized that AS performance in siblings of patients with schizophrenia is worse than in healthy controls and better than in patients with schizophrenia. Method We included 55 first-episode patients with schizophrenia, 28 healthy siblings and 36 healthy controls to evaluate AS performance. Eye movements were measured electromagnetically by the double magnetic induction (DMI) method. Results Patients with schizophrenia had a significantly higher error rate than siblings (d=0.86, p<0.0001) and controls (d=1.35, p<0.0001). Siblings had a higher mean error rate than healthy controls but this did not reach significance (d=0.56, p=0.29). The intra-class correlation (ICC) was 0.33 for the error rate. Mean AS gain was higher in siblings than in patients (d=0.75, p=0.004) and controls (d=0.6, p=0.05). The ICC was 0.08. Conclusion AS parameters in strictly screened healthy young siblings of young first-episode patients with schizophrenia are comparable to results found in studies investigating older relatives. However, the statistical results (i.e. the ICCs) suggest that there is little evidence of shared environmental or genetic factors on error rate variation.
Suicide after Surgical Treatment in Patients with Epilepsy: A Meta-Analytic Investigation

Suicide is a major issue in surgically treated epileptic patients. A meta-analysis was performed comparing suicides in a sample of such patients and in the general population. The Index Medicus and the World Health Statistics Annual were searched to ascertain the suicide rates in the age groups indicated in the studies of epileptic patients for specific years and country. 11 studies were selected, comprising 2,425 patients, 24 of whom committed suicide. Data obtained for each study were processed together to calculate the mean number of suicides per 100,000 individuals with surgically treated epilepsy for each year. This meta-analysis shows that suicide in patients with epilepsy after surgical treatment is more frequent than in the general population. Results are discussed with particular attention to possible causative factors.
Linguistic Interpretation of Emotions for Affect Sensing from Text

Several approaches have already been employed to “sense” affective information from text, but none of those ever considered the cognitive and appraisal structure of individual emotions. Hence this paper aims at interpreting the cognitive theory of emotions known as the OCC emotion model, from a linguistic standpoint. The paper provides rules for the OCC emotion types for the task of sensing affective information from text. Since the OCC emotions are associated with several cognitive variables, we explain how the values could be assigned to those by analyzing and processing natural language components. Empirical results indicate that our system outperforms another state-of-the-art system.
Asynchrony begets momentum, with an application to deep learning

Asynchronous methods are widely used in deep learning, but have limited theoretical justification when applied to non-convex problems. We show that running stochastic gradient descent (SGD) in an asynchronous manner can be viewed as adding a momentum-like term to the SGD iteration. Our result does not assume convexity of the objective function, so it is applicable to deep learning systems. We observe that a standard queuing model of asynchrony results in a form of momentum that is commonly used by deep learning practitioners. This forges a link between queuing theory and asynchrony in deep learning systems, which could be useful for systems builders. For convolutional neural networks, we experimentally validate that the degree of asynchrony directly correlates with the momentum, confirming our main result. An important implication is that tuning the momentum parameter is important when considering different levels of asynchrony. Furthermore, our theory suggests ways of counter-acting the adverse effects of asynchrony. We see that a simple mechanism like using negative algorithmic momentum can be beneficial under high asynchrony. Since asynchronous methods have better hardware efficiency, this result may shed light on when asynchronous execution is more efficient for deep learning systems.
A Large-Scale Empirical Study on Self-Admitted Technical Debt

Technical debt is a metaphor introduced by Cunningham to indicate "not quite right code which we postpone making it right". Examples of technical debt are code smells and bug hazards. Several techniques have been proposed to detect different types of technical debt. Among those, Potdar and Shihab defined heuristics to detect instances of self-admitted technical debt in code comments, and used them to perform an empirical study on five software systems to investigate the phenomenon. Still, very little is known about the diffusion and evolution of technical debt in software projects.This paper presents a differentiated replication of the work by Potdar and Shihab. We run a study across 159 software projects to investigate the diffusion and evolution of self-admitted technical debt and its relationship with software quality. The study required the mining of over 600K commits and 2 Billion comments as well as a qualitative analysis performed via open coding.Our main findings show that self-admitted technical debt (i) is diffused, with an average of 51 instances per system, (ii) is mostly represented by code (30%), defect, and requirement debt (20% each), (iii) increases over time due to the introduction of new instances that are not fixed by developers, and (iv) even when fixed, it survives long time (over 1,000 commits on average) in the system.
Predicting posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and pain intensity following severe injury: the role of catastrophizing

Background: A number of theories have proposed possible mechanisms that may explain the high rates of comorbidity between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and persistent pain; however, there has been limited research investigating these factors. Objective: The present study sought to prospectively examine whether catastrophizing predicted the development of PTSD symptoms and persistent pain following physical injury. Design: Participants (N = 208) completed measures of PTSD symptomatology, pain intensity and catastrophizing during hospitalization following severe injury, and 3 and 12 months postinjury. Cross-lagged path analysis explored the longitudinal relationship between these variables. Results: Acute catastrophizing significantly predicted PTSD symptoms but not pain intensity 3 months postinjury. In turn, 3-month catastrophizing predicted pain intensity, but not PTSD symptoms 12 months postinjury. Indirect relations were also found between acute catastrophizing and 12-month PTSD symptoms and pain intensity. Relations were mediated via 3-month PTSD symptoms and 3-month catastrophizing, respectively. Acute symptoms did not predict 3-month catastrophizing and catastrophizing did not fully account for the relationship between PTSD symptoms and pain intensity. Conclusions: Findings partially support theories that propose a role for catastrophizing processes in understanding vulnerability to pain and posttrauma symptomatology and, thus, a possible mechanism for comorbidity between these conditions. For the abstract or full text in other languages, please see Supplementary files under Reading Tools online
Customer theft: is it need or is it greed? A case study of Portsmouth

The present study aims to investigate shoplifting behaviour in relation to criminological literature and apply criminological theories to such behaviour in order to explain it. This will be achieved through the use of classical criminology, rational choice theory, routine activity theory, social control theory and strain theory. The investigation aims to develop an enhanced understanding as to why individuals shoplift and potentially offer advice and recommendations from the research for this form of behaviour. The primary research was carried out via the use of questionnaires and the secondary research was collected from Hampshire Constabulary regarding offenders who shoplifted from Co-Op stores throughout 2007 in Copnor and Northend. The results from the questionnaires were discussed and compared to the official statistics in order to distinguish any correlations of opinions. Furthermore this information explored suggestions as to why individuals shoplift, drawing on and comparing the opinions of Co-Op staff and police officers. The study concludes that people who shoplift from the Co-Op stores in Portsmouth are perceived to be between the ages of 16 and 30, using illegal drugs, have very little or no education and are unemployed. Respondents believed all of the acts committed by such offenders were made through rational decisions and were aware of any consequences that they may potentially face.
Chronic stable angina: percutaneous coronary intervention or medication?

C oronary artery disease is a worldwide hazard today and stable angina is one of its commonest manifestations. The diagnosis of chronic stable angina is based on the presence of anginal symptoms, a positive exercise test for myocardial ischaemia, and confirmation of coronary artery atherosclerosis by coronary angiography. However, the optimum treatment of these patients has been a controversial issue in recent years. Recent studies, or meta-analyses thereof, have still not fully determined the usefulness of invasive treatment of the coronary arteries with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in comparison with medication. While PCI is known to reduce the incidence of death and myocardial infarction in patients who suffer from acute coronary syndromes, the same benefit does not appear to extend to patients who have stable coronary artery disease. As the availability of non-invasive methods of diagnosing coronary artery disease steadily increases, asymptomatic patients are often referred for PCI. However, a necessary condition for any preventive therapy is that it should combat a threat —which in the case of stable coronary artery disease is acute myocardial infarction and death— with an acceptable cost. Review of relevant published studies
Intermittent theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of Parkinson disease

Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) in the treatment of motor symptoms in Parkinson disease (PD). Background: Progression of PD is characterized by the emergence of motor deficits, which eventually respond less to dopaminergic therapy and pose a therapeutic challenge. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown promising results in improving gait, a major cause of disability, and may provide a therapeutic alternative. iTBS is a novel type of rTMS that may be more efficacious than conventional rTMS. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study, we investigated safety and efficacy of iTBS of the motor and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices in 8 sessions over 2 weeks (evidence Class I). Assessment of safety and clinical efficacy over a 1-month period included timed tests of gait and bradykinesia, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), and additional clinical, neuropsychological, and neurophysiologic measures. Results: We investigated 26 patients with mild to moderate PD: 13 received iTBS and 13 sham stimulation. We found beneficial effects of iTBS on mood, but no improvement of gait, bradykinesia, UPDRS, and other measures. EEG/EMG monitoring recorded no pathologic increase of cortical excitability or epileptic activity. Few reported discomfort or pain and one experienced tinnitus during real stimulation. Conclusion: iTBS of the motor and prefrontal cortices appears safe and improves mood, but failed to improve motor performance and functional status in PD. Classification of evidence: This study provides Class I evidence that iTBS was not effective for gait, upper extremity bradykinesia, or other motor symptoms in PD.
Assessment of the Effect of Amphotericin B on the Vitality of Candida albicans

ABSTRACT The processes involved in cell death are complex, and individual techniques measure specific fractions of the total population. The interaction of Candida albicans with amphotericin B was measured with fluorescent probes with different cellular affinities. These were used to provide qualitative and quantitative information of physiological parameters which contribute to fungal cell viability. SYBR Green I and 5,(6)-carboxyfluorescein were used to assess membrane integrity, and bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid)trimethine oxonol and 3,3-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide were used to evaluate alterations in membrane potential. The fluorescent indicators were compared with replication competency, the conventional indicator of viability. By using these tools, the evaluation of the response of C. albicans to amphotericin B time-kill curves delineated four categories which may represent a continuum between alive and dead. The data showed that replication competency (CFU per milliliter) as determined by conventional antifungal susceptibility techniques provided only an estimate of inhibition. Interpretation of fluorescent staining characteristics indicated that C. albicans cells which were replication incompetent after exposure to greater than 0.5 μg of amphotericin B per ml still maintained degrees of physiological function.
Docker characterization on high performance SSDs

Docker containers [2] are becoming the mainstay for deploying applications in cloud platforms, having many desirable features like ease of deployment, developer friendliness and lightweight virtualization. Meanwhile, solid state disks (SSDs) have witnessed tremendous performance boost through recent innovations in industry such as Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) standards [3], [4]. However, the performance of containerized applications on these high speed contemporary SSDs has not yet been investigated. In this paper, we present a characterization of the performance impact among a wide variety of the available storage options for deploying Docker containers and provide the configuration options to best utilize the high performance SSDs.
Foucault Contra Habermas: Recasting the Dialogue between Genealogy and Critical Theory

Foucault contra Habermas is an incisive examination of, and a comprehensive introduction to, the debate between Foucault and Habermas over the meaning of enlightenment and modernity. It reprises the key issues in the argument between critical theory and genealogy and is organised around three complementary themes: defining the context of the debate; examining the theoretical and conceptual tools used; and discussing the implications for politics and criticism. In a detailed reply to Habermas' Philosophical Discourse of Modernity, this volume explains the difference between Habermas' philosophical practice and Foucault's between the analytics of truth and the politics of truth. Many of the most difficult arguments in the exchange are subject to a detailed critical analysis. This examination also includes discussion of the ethics of dialogue; the practice of criticism; the politics of recognition, and the function of civil society and democracy.
Acceptability of parent-child interaction therapy

The behaviors associated with Oppositional Defiant Disorder and other disruptive behavior disorders constitute the most common reason for referral of young children to mental health services (Schuhmann, Durning, Eyberg, & Boggs, 1996). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy is an empirically supported treatment for such disorders. However, families are frequently unable to maximize their use of such treatments. Barriers to treatment participation prevent families from entering or staying in treatment. While most of the treatment effectiveness research has been conducted with Caucasian families, African American families and Caucasian families experience these barriers to different degrees, resulting in varying treatment adherence and unclear treatment effects for these populations. Cultural differences in parenting beliefs and behaviors may translate to differing perceptions of treatment relevance and therefore lower acceptability for African American families. This study contributes to the literature by investigating the acceptability of a specific, efficacious treatment for disruptive behavior in children and by qualitatively exploring mothers’ expectations, perceptions of barriers, and judgments of this treatment. Ninety-two participants were recruited from southeast and mid-Michigan. It was hypothesized that African American mothers would perceive CDI as less effective for their own and other children, have more negative judgments of CDI, and be less willing to participate in CDI than would Caucasian mothers, but that these relationships would be mediated by parenting styles. It was also hypothesized that parenting sense of competence and perceived influence over behavior would predict mothers’ willingness to participate in CDI and their expectations about the effectiveness of CDI in helping their own and other children, but that this relationship would be moderated by mothers’ parenting style.
The Block Connectivity of Random Trees

Let r, m, and n be positive integers such that rm = n. For each i 2 f1; : : : ; mg let Bi = fr(i 1) + 1; : : : ; rig. The r-block connectivity of a tree on n labelled vertices is the vertex connectivity of the graph obtained by collapsing the vertices in Bi, for each i; to a single (pseudo-)vertex vi. In this paper we prove that, for xed values of r, with r 2, the r-block connectivity of a random tree on n vertices, for large values of n, is likely to be either r 1 or r, and furthermore that r 1 is the right answer for a constant fraction of all trees on n vertices.