Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cointegration of Indonesia's Stock Market and America at The Period of and Recovery From Global Financial Crisis

This study aims to investigate the integration of capital market of Indonesia and America as a result of the global financial crisis. Indonesian capital market is represented by the Composite Stock Price Index, while the American stock market is represented by the S & P500. In addition to the influence of foreign capital market condition (S & P500) as the external factor of country’s economy, the Indonesian capital market is influenced by economic conditions in the country, including the exchange rate and foreign transaction (net foreign flow). External and internal factors can affect the stability of the financial system of a country. To find the integration of world capital markets and Indonesian financial system stability due to the global financial crisis, this study was conducted in two periods, they are the period of global financial crisis (July 2007-December 2010) and the period after global financial crisis (January 2011- December 2013). This study used a quantitative approach using the Johansen Cointegration Test. Monthly data were analyzed using the method of Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The result of this study showed that there is no cointegration between Jakarta Composite Index and S&P500 in the period of crisis and recovery. It means there is short term relationship. This prove showed that there is integration between Jakarta Composite Index and S&P500. When there is collapse in S&P500, so did the Indonesia stock market. While internal factors, net foreign flow, showed the stability in the long relationship to the Indonesia Stock Market.
Managerial Attainment of College-Educated, Native-Born Asian Americans

Using data from the 2010 National Survey of College Graduates, this study investigates the managerial authority of native-born, college-educated racial/ethnic minorities. Asian Americans seem to be disadvantaged in that they are likely to supervise fewer employees than do comparable non-Hispanic whites. Yet, this gap is statistically explained by some basic demographic variables including age and education. On the other hand, African Americans and Hispanic whites do not appear to be disadvantaged in comparison to whites. Rather, these two minority groups supervise more employees than do comparable whites, after controlling for some basic demographic factors. Regarding wages, Asian Americans are advantaged in reference to whites, but African Americans and Hispanic whites are disadvantaged even after controlling for parents’ education, major field of study, and college type, in addition to socioeconomic characteristics and region of residence. The implications of these findings for policy and research on racial/ethnic differentials are briefly discussed.
Ultra-Wide Locking Range Regenerative Frequency Dividers With Quadrature-Injection Current-Mode-Logic Loop Divider

The ÷ 3 and ÷ 5 regenerative frequency dividers (RFDs) with ultra-wide locking ranges are presented. The proposed dividers were fabricated by a TSMC 90 nm CMOS process, using ÷ 2 and ÷ 4 quadrature-injected current-mode-logic loop dividers to widen the locking ranges. The dividers also achieved quadrature input and quadrature output. Using a 1.2 V supply voltage, the power consumptions of the ÷ 3 and the ÷ 5 divider cores were 10.2 and 14.8 mW, respectively. Without using the tuning techniques, the measured locking ranges for the ÷ 3 and the ÷ 5 dividers were from 9 to 14.7 GHz (48.1%) and 7.2 to 19 GHz (90.1%), respectively. The phase deviation of the quadrature outputs for the two dividers were less than 0.8 <sup>°</sup> and 1.1 <sup>°</sup>. Compared with the reported data, the outstanding figure-of-merit values of the proposed ÷ 3 and ÷ 5 RFDs can be observed.
Monitoring therapy in patients taking levothyroxine.

PURPOSE To evaluate the use of thyroid function tests to monitor therapy in patients taking levothyroxine. DATA IDENTIFICATION Studies published between 1966 and January 1990 were identified through computer searches and references of identified studies. STUDY SELECTION Studies that included a careful description of the patients under study, well-defined interventions, and a meaningful criterion standard were emphasized. DATA EXTRACTION Data from different studies were combined to estimate the probability of positive and negative test results in well-defined clinical situations. Informal methods of synthesizing evidence were used when combining data from different studies was not justified. RESULTS The sensitive thyrotropin (TSH) test is the preferred method to monitor therapy because it agrees with physiologic measures of thyroid hormone effect. Among clinically euthyroid patients who take 100 to 150 micrograms/d of levothyroxine, the probability that the sensitive thyrotropin will be undetectable is close to 50%. These patients are most likely to benefit from testing. Patients who take over 250 micrograms/d are almost certain to have undetectable sensitive thyrotropin levels; in these patients, the dose may be lowered without testing. CONCLUSIONS Adequate long-term studies are needed to determine the role of biochemical testing in monitoring therapy. Current evidence suggests that the sensitive thyrotropin test should be used to monitor therapy. Clinically euthyroid patients taking lower dosages of levothyroxine are most likely to benefit from testing.
A sub-mW CMOS LNA for WSN applications

A sub-mW low-noise amplifier (LNA) is designed and implemented using a 0.18 μm CMOS standard process for wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. An important goal of the design is to achieve the low noise figure (NF) that is required in WSN receivers with low power consumption (PDC). The forward body bias technique is used to reduce power consumption of the LNA. A supply voltage of 0.6 V is used with a power consumption of 0.84 mW. The LNA operated at 2.4 GHz achieves a NF of 2.88 dB and a gain of 10.1 dB.
Short-circuit protection issues in DC ship grids

DC grids offer highly efficient distribution of electric energy, eliminating components and optimizing the use of cables. Efficient generation, however, is still based on AC generators. Power-electronic devices link generators and grid and customize energy flow to the loads. Efficient distribution with low losses demands high voltage, e.g. in the range of 10 kV for ship-size grids. Such voltages challenge power electronics as well as protective devices: Harmonics, converter design and switch design are issues to be discussed. Fault scenarios, accepted recovery time, size and weight of components and redundancy as well as available technologies influence the selection of solutions. This paper analyses fault scenarios in DC grids with special regard to on-ship requirements. Existing power-electronic solutions are compared with options resulting from modular multilevel converters (MMC), analysing advantages and disadvantages of this relatively new technology for on-board use.
Lipid Rafts Mediate Ultraviolet Light–induced Fas Aggregation in M624 Melanoma Cells

Abstract Ultraviolet light (UV) induces aggregation of Fas-receptor through a Fas-ligand–independent pathway. However, the mechanism of ultraviolet light-induced Fas-receptor aggregation is not known. In this report, we show that lipid rafts mediate ultraviolet light–induced aggregation of Fas. Our data show that UV induces a redistribution of Fas-receptor in a 25–5% Optiprep continuous gradient. The amount of Fas-receptorS is significantly increased in a gradient fraction that contain lipid rafts and is associated with an increase of FADD and caspase-8. Our data also show that the active dimeric form of caspase-8 (p44/p41) is increased in the lipid raft fraction. In addition, our data show that cholesterol, a major component of lipid rafts, is significantly reduced in only the lipid raft fractions after UV-irradiation. However, ceramide, another major lipid raft component, is increased evenly in all gradient fractions after UV-irradiation. These results suggest that UV alters the composition of major lipid raft components, which leads to the recruitment of Fas-receptor and FADD, with subsequent activation of caspase-8. Based on our results, we propose a novel mechanism by which UV induces apoptosis through a membrane lipid raft–mediated signaling pathway.
The effect of drug treatment on neurogenesis in Parkinson's disease

There has been recent interest in the possibility that impaired neurogenesis may contribute to the decline in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease (PD). We have investigated the effects of commonly used treatments for PD on neural stem cell (NSC) activity in nondemented patients. Postmortem of brain tissue containing the subventricular zone (SVZ) and ependymal layer cells was obtained from 32 nondemented patients with PD. NSC activity was assessed by immunohistochemical staining for RNA‐binding protein Musashi1. Regression analyses were then used to identify which clinical factors independently influenced NSC activity. Disease duration was negatively associated with SVZ Musashi1 staining, whereas lifetime levodopa was positively associated in this region. Our findings suggest a positive impact of chronic L‐dopa use on the number of NSC in the SVZ of PD patients, which may have relevance for future studies on neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society.
Computational Statistics and Data Analysis

This paper introduces an approach to fitting a constrained linear regression model to interval-valued data. Each example of the learning set is described by a feature vector for which each feature value is an interval. The new approach fits a constrained linear regression model on the midpoints and range of the interval values assumed by the variables in the learning set. The prediction of the lower and upper boundaries of the interval value of the dependent variable is accomplished from its midpoint and range, which are estimated from the fitted linear regression models applied to the midpoint and range of each interval value of the independent variables. This new method shows the importance of range information in prediction performance as well as the use of inequality constraints to ensure mathematical coherence between the predicted values of the lower ( ˆ y Li ) and upper ( ˆ y Ui ) boundaries of the interval. The authors also propose an expression for the goodness-of-fit measure denominated determination coefficient . The assessment of the proposed prediction method is based on the estimation of the average behavior of the root-mean-square error and square of the correlation coefficient in the framework of a Monte Carlo experiment with different data set configurations. Among other aspects, the syntheticdatasetstakeintoaccountthedependence,orlackthereof,betweenthemidpoint and range of the intervals. The bias produced by the use of inequality constraints over the vector of parameters is also examined in terms of the mean-square error of the parameter estimates. Finally, the approaches proposed in this paper are applied to a real data set and performances are compared. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
ENVIRONMENTAL LIFE CYCLE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT-NEEDS FOR STANDARDISATION

The overall aim of the EU funded project ELIMA is to enable eco-efficient management and acquisition of product life cycle data by closing the information loop in different phases of product life cycle including design, manufacture, distribution, use, service-support, maintenance, and end-of-life product recovery. Information systems that can integrate information about products from all stages of the product life cycle are needed to manage the product life cycle, to reduce costs, to improve the design of future consumer products and to minimise environmental impact. The data must be communicated to the relevant stakeholder for action; all actors in the supply chain must share data. Only through the use of standards the interconnectivity and interoperability can be assured. ø ø ø ø
Performance improvement of multi gateway WMN over single gateway

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have been attracting significant attention due to their promising technology. The WMN technology is becoming a major avenue for the fourth generation of wireless mobility. The wireless backbone is tightly integrated with the Internet by some selected nodes called as Gateways. Common single gateway architecture is inadequate for clubbing this high speed network with the outer networks. In this paper, the performance of WMN is increased by an energy aware gateway selection mechanism where the gateway is selected based on the threshold energy and implementing multiple gateways for coupling the WMN with the external networks and the gateways are selected based on the load threshold method. The performance of WMN using both the normal single gateway and the energy aware gateway method are compared using ns2 simulator and the energy aware gateway selection scheme is found to exhibit more performance than the normal single gateway WMN architecture. The single gateway scheme and the load threshold based multiple gateway scheme are compared using ns2 simulator and the load threshold based multiple gateway method is found to exhibit more performance than the single gateway based one.
The Relative Importance of Aerosol Scattering and Absorption in Remote Sensing

Previous attempts to explain the effect of aerosols on satellite measurements of surface properties for the visible and near-infrared spectrum have emphasized the amount of aerosols without consideration of their absorption properties. In order to estimate the importance of absorption, the radiances of the sunlight scattered from models of the Earth-atmosphere system are computed as functions of the aerosol optical thickness and absorption. The absorption effect is small where the surface reflectance is weak, but is important for strong reflectance. These effects on classification of surface features, measuring vegetation index, and measuring surface reflectance are presented.
Age- and sex-specific prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose regulation in 11 Asian cohorts.

OBJECTIVE To report the age- and sex-specific prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) according to revised World Health Organization criteria for diabetes in Asian populations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed 11 studies of 4 countries, comprising 24,335 subjects (10,851 men and 13,484 women) aged 30-89 years who attended the 2-h oral glucose tolerance test and met the inclusion criteria for data analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of diabetes increased with age and reached the peak at 70-89 years of age in Chinese and Japanese subjects but peaked at 60-69 years of age followed by a decline at the 70 years of age in Indian subjects. At 30-79 years of age, the 10-year age-specific prevalence of diabetes was higher in Indian than in Chinese and Japanese subjects. Indian subjects also had a higher prevalence of IGR in the younger age-groups (30-49 years) compared with that for Chinese and Japanese subjects. Impaired glucose tolerance was more prevalent than impaired fasting glycemia in all Asian populations studied for all age-groups. CONCLUSIONS Indians had the highest prevalence of diabetes among Asian countries. The age at which the peak prevalence of diabetes was reached was approximately 10 years younger in Indian compared with Chinese and Japanese subjects. Diabetes and IGR will be underestimated in Asians based on the fasting glucose testing alone.
Analyzing Cooperation Dynamics of Group Interaction on Two Kinds of Scale-Free Networks

Based on the celebrated public goods game with group interaction, we study the evolution of cooperation on two kinds of scale-free networks with similar degree distribution and clustering coefficient. It is showed that there are different evolution routes in the structured population. The metric clusters existing on the popularity-similarity network let cooperation diffuse in local regions. Whereas, cooperators on the clustered scale-free network tend to invade hubs firstly, and then spread from hubs to leaves with a top-down pattern, which leads to the higher cooperation level on the clustered scale-free network than that on the popularity-similarity network.
What is new in the blood bank for trauma resuscitation

Purpose of review The aim of the present review was to describe recent changes in blood banking thinking, practice, and products that affect trauma care. Recent findings Prompt balanced hemostatic resuscitation of major hemorrhage from trauma improves outcome and reduces blood use. New blood processes and products can help deliver appropriate doses of procoagulant plasma and platelets quicker and more safely. New processes include holding larger inventories of thawed plasma with risk of wastage and rapid plasma thawers. New products in the blood bank include group A or group A low-titer B thawed plasma and AB or A liquid (never-frozen) plasma for resuscitation, prepooled cultured whole blood–derived platelets in plasma, and prepooled cryoprecipitate in varying pool sizes. Single-donor apheresis or pooled whole blood–derived platelets in additive solution, designed to reduce plasma-related transfusion reactions, are also increasingly available but are not an appropriate blood component for hemorrhage control resuscitation because they reduce the total amount of administered plasma coagulation factors by 10%. Summary Early initiation of balanced massive transfusion protocols leading to hemostatic resuscitation is lifesaving. Changing blood product availability and composition will lead to higher complexity of massive transfusion. It is critical that anesthesiologists understand the composition of the available new blood products to use them correctly. Video abstract http://links.lww. com/COAN/A38
Conditional Joint Decision and Estimation With Application to Joint Tracking and Classification

The joint decision and estimation (JDE) algorithm is for solving problems involving simultaneous interdependent decision and estimation. Based on the JDE approach with a generalized Bayes risk and its recursive implementation (RJDE) for a dynamic system proposed recently, this paper proposes a conditional JDE (CJDE) risk, which is a generalization of the Bayes decision and estimation risks conditioning on data. We derive the optimal solution that minimizes the CJDE risk and present an optimal CJDE algorithm. For dynamic JDE problems, a recursive version of CJDE (RCJDE) is also proposed by following the same spirit of CJDE. To improve the joint performance of CJDE for a dynamic system, we propose a modified CJDE (MJDE) risk, by incorporating on-line prediction information, and present a corresponding MJDE algorithm. Because parameters play important roles in the JDE and CJDE risks, we analyze their effect to provide guidance for practical applications. The power of the proposed CJDE approach is illustrated by applying it to the joint target tracking and classification problem, which has received a great deal of attention in recent years. Simulation results show that CJDE can beat the traditional two-stage strategies and it involves less computation than RJDE. Furthermore, the superiority of MJDE is verified by comparing it with RCJDE. Moreover, it is shown that with appropriate parameters, CJDE can outperform separate optimal decision and optimal estimation in the joint performance metric.
Worker Reactions to Crisis: Explaining 'Bossnappings'

In France in 2009-10, several managers announcing redundancies were held hostage by workers. Although the global economic crisis and an attendant rise in unemployment may provide a catalyst for "bossnappings," the real explanations for the phenomenon have to be found partly in the institutional make up of French industrial relations that have resulted in weak, divided unions and weak and conflictual collective bargaining mechanisms. However, such institutional factors cannot provide the whole explanation. Ideas also matter, and these underlying structural weaknesses have been unable to contain radical outbursts of anger when allied to pre-existing concerns over globalization—which appeared to be vindicated by the current economic crisis—, the reactions of the government to crisis, and the incapacity of unions or the state to respond to it.
Phenotypic Switching of Cryptococcus neoformans Can Produce Variants That Elicit Increased Intracranial Pressure in a Rat Model of Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis

ABSTRACT Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) plays an important role in the morbidity and mortality of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. The microbial and host factors that contribute to the development of increased ICP are poorly understood. We found that phenotypic switch variants of Cryptococcus neoformans (smooth and mucoid) differed in their abilities to promote increased ICP in a rat model of cryptococcal meningitis. Rats infected with the mucoid variant developed increased ICP, whereas rats infected with the smooth parent did not. This trend correlated with a shorter survival time and a higher cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fungal burden for mucoid variant-infected rats, although brain fungal burdens were comparable between mucoid variant- and smooth parent-infected rats. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed enhanced T2 signal intensity over the surfaces of the brains of mucoid variant-infected rats. In addition, more polysaccharide accumulated in the CSF and brains of mucoid variant-infected rats. The accumulation of glucorunoxylomannan was associated with elevated levels of MCP-1 (CCL2) and, accordingly, a more pronounced but ineffective monocytic inflammatory response in the meninges of mucoid variant-infected rats. In summary, these findings suggest that strain-specific characteristics can influence the development of increased ICP and indicate a manner in which phenotypic switching could influence the outcome of a central nervous system infection.
Sense of Place and Place-Based Introductory Geoscience Teaching for American Indian and Alaska Native Undergraduates

Places are localities given meaning by human experiences in them. Sense of place refers to a set of meanings of and attachments to places that are held by individuals or by groups. The cultures and educational philosophies of American Indian and Alaska Native peoples reflect rich senses of the places that make up their traditional homelands. However, sense of place does not manifest itself in proportionate enrollments in undergraduate geoscience by American Indians and Alaska Natives. This is because mainstream geoscience teaching emphasizes global syntheses over exploration and in-depth understanding of places that have prior meaning for Indigenous students, and may even depict such places in culturally-inappropriate ways. Many teachers and researchers with experience in Native educational systems recommend a greater emphasis on the study of local places, synthesis of local cultural knowledge, and community-directed activities in science education. Such a “place-based” approach is used by a small number of school systems, nearly all outside of Native communities. Place-based geoscience teaching could potentially enhance science literacy among American Indian, Alaska Native, and other underrepresented minority students, and bring more of them into the geoscience profession. However, this hypothesis has not yet been rigorously tested. Empirical and descriptive studies of place attachment and meaning among different student populations, and clearer definition of place-based teaching, are prerequisite to more authentic place-based geoscience courses and programs. Five characteristics of place-based geoscience teaching are identified here and illustrated with suggestions for implementation in diverse educational settings.