Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Miathyria marcella larvae (Odonata: Libellulidae) and water quality of wetlands in Northern Colombia

Abstract This study aims to assess the physicochemical characteristics regulating the distribution and abundance of M. marcella larvae in six wetlands in the northern Colombia. Standardized techniques for collecting invertebrate and physicochemical data were used in 29 sampling points in an intraannual period. Mean pH and temperature oscillated in narrow ranges within wetlands (7.7 ± 0.09–8.6 ± 0.07; 28.1 ± 0.29–32.8 ± 0.17 °C, respectively), whereas ammonium concentrations and conductivity exhibited a wide variation (0.2 ± 0.03–2.8 ± 0.54 mg NH4 L−1; 861 ± 30.7–19254 ± 1706 µS cm−1, respectively). A total of 2586 individual M. marcella larvae were collected. Abundance was greater in wetlands influenced by the Magdalena River, with 19.4 ± 1.7 and 9.3 ± 1.4 individuals; followed by wetlands hydrologically influenced by seasonal runoff, with 8.1 ± 0.4 and 6.4 ± 0.4 individuals; and lowest in wetlands with influence of the Caribbean Sea, with 3.9 ± 0.3 and 0.3 ± 0.1 individuals. Abundances of M. marcella larvae exhibited similar variations at different months during the sampling period. Abundance and distribution of M. marcella larvae in wetlands of northern Colombia is strongly dependent on water conductivity, transparency and alkalinity. This study evidence that Odonata larvae are a valuable tool as bioindicators for wetland assessment and monitoring.
Correlations among centrality measures in complex networks

In this paper, we empirically investigate correlations among four centrality measures, originated from the social science, of various complex networks. For each network, we compute the centrality measures, from which the partial correlation as well as the correlation coefficient among measures is estimated. We uncover that the degree and the betweenness centrality are highly correlated; furthermore, the betweenness follows a power-law distribution irrespective of the type of networks. This characteristic is further examined in terms of the conditional probability distribution of the betweenness, given the degree. The conditional distribution also exhibits a power-law behavior independent of the degree which explains partially, if not whole, the origin of the power-law distribution of the betweenness. A similar analysis on the random network reveals that these characteristics are not found in the random network.
Magnetized Converging Flows toward the Hot Core in the Intermediate/High-mass Star-forming Region NGC 6334 V

We present Submillimeter Array (SMA) observations at 345 GHz toward the intermediate/high-mass cluster-forming region NGC 6334 V. From the dust emission we spatially resolve three dense condensations, the brightest one presenting the typical chemistry of a hot core. The magnetic field (derived from the dust polarized emission) shows a bimodal converging pattern toward the hot core. The molecular emission traces two filamentary structures at two different velocities, separated by 2 km s−1, converging to the hot core and following the magnetic field distribution. We compare the velocity field and the magnetic field derived from the SMA observations with magnetohydrodynamic simulations of star-forming regions dominated by gravity. This comparison allows us to show how the gas falls in from the larger-scale extended dense core (∼0.1 pc) of NGC 6334 V toward the higher-density hot core region (∼0.02 pc) through two distinctive converging flows dragging the magnetic field, whose strength seems to have been overcome by gravity.
HIL simulation of high-speed train active stability employing active inertial actuators

ABSTRACT To enhance the lateral stability of a certain type of high-speed train under bogie’s active control, characteristics of inertial actuators that generate control force in the active control system are studied, the control delay of the whole Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) system is measured, and multi-objective optimisation for feedback parameters with or without the control delay is achieved in this study. A linear model of bogie lateral dynamics, with two inertial actuators, acting on the front and rear end beams, is established for the optimisation. Correspondingly, a nonlinear vehicle model is established in the Simpack platform for both mathematical simulation and HIL simulation to verify the control effects. As the force source of active control, dynamic characteristics of the inertial actuator with different control strategies are examined. Multi-objective optimal control is carried out on the linear active bogie models with and without the delay measured in the experiment to improve the bogie hunting stability. The control method is then evaluated in a nonlinear vehicle model and HIL simulation. Simulation results show that the lateral dynamic performance of the high-speed train can be effectively improved with the active stability system even with a large time delay.
Relationship between chronotype and depressive symptoms among newly hired hospital nurses in the Republic of Korea

Background This study was conducted to examine the relationship between chronotype and depressive symptoms to provide grounded knowledge in establishing nurses’ health promotion strategies. Methods The subjects of this study were 493 newly hired nurses working in 2 general hospitals within the university from September 2018 to September 2020. Sociodemographic and work-related characteristics were collected from a medical examination database and a self-reported questionnaire. These included sex, age, marital status, living situation, education level, alcohol consumption, physical activity, prior work experience before 3 months, workplace, and departments. To analyze the associations between the chronotype and depressive symptoms, multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs). Results Among participants, 9.1% had depressive symptoms and 16.4% had insomnia. The subjects are divided into morningness (30.2%), intermediate (48.7%), and eveningness (21.1%). The multiple logistic regression analysis controlling for age, living status, education level, alcohol consumption, physical activity, workplace, prior work experience before 3 months, and insomnia, revealed that the OR of depressive symptoms in the eveningness group was 3.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50–9.18) compared to the morningness group, and the R2 value was 0.151. It also can be confirmed that insomnia symptoms have a statistically significant effect on depressive symptoms (OR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.03–4.52). Conclusions Our findings suggest that evening-type nurses are more likely to have depression than morning-type nurses. We should consider interventions in a high-risk group such as the evening type nurses to reduce depressive symptoms in nurses.
A COMPARISON OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES BETWEEN LOCAL AND z ∼ 1 INFRARED LUMINOUS GALAXIES: ARE LOCAL AND HIGH-z (U)LIRGS DIFFERENT?

Ultraluminous and luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs and LIRGs) are the most extreme star-forming galaxies in the universe and dominate the total star formation rate density at z > 1. In the local universe (z < 0.3), the majority of ULIRGs and a significant portion of LIRGs are triggered by interactions between gas-rich spiral galaxies, yet it is unclear if this is still the case at high z. To investigate the relative importance of galaxy interactions in infrared luminous galaxies, we carry out a comparison of optical morphological properties between local (U)LIRGs and (U)LIRGs at z = 0.5–1.5 based on the same sample selection, morphology classification scheme, and optical morphology at similar rest-frame wavelengths. In addition, we quantify the systematics in comparing local and high-z data sets by constructing a redshifted data set from local (U)LIRGs, in which its data quality mimics the high-z data set. Based on the Gini–M20 classification scheme, we find that the fraction of interacting systems decreases by ∼8% from local to z ≲ 1, and it is consistent with the reduction between local and redshifted data sets (). Based on visual classifications, the merger fraction of local ULIRGs is found to be ∼20% lower compared to published results, and the reduction due to redshifting is . Consequently, the differences of merger fractions between local and z ≲ 1 (U)LIRGs is only ∼17%. These results demonstrate that there is no strong evolution in the fraction of (U)LIRGs classified as mergers at least out to z ∼ 1. At z > 1, the morphology types of ∼30% of (U)LIRGs cannot be determined due to their faintness in the F814W band; thus, the merger fraction measured at z > 1 suffers from large uncertainties.
Hyperconnectivity and altered interactions of a nucleus accumbens network in post-stroke depression

Abstract Post-stroke depression is a common complication of stroke. To date, no consistent locus of injury is associated with this complication. Here, we probed network dynamics and structural alterations in post-stroke depression in four functional circuits linked to major depressive disorder and a visual network, which served as a control network. Forty-four participants with recent stroke (mean age = 69.03, standard deviation age = 8.59, age range = 51–86 and gender: female = 10) and 16 healthy volunteers (mean age = 71.53, standard deviation age = 10.62, age range = 51–84 and gender: female = 11) were imaged with 3-Tesla structural, diffusion and resting-state functional MRI. The Geriatric Depression Scale was administered to measure depression severity. Associations between depression severity and functional connectivity were investigated within networks seeded from nucleus accumbens, amygdala, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and primary visual cortex. In addition, the default mode network was identified by connectivity with medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex. Circuits that exhibited altered activity associated with depression severity were further investigated by extracting within-network volumetric and microstructural measures from structural images. In the stroke group, functional connectivity within the nucleus accumbens-seeded network (left hemisphere: P = 0.001; and right hemisphere: P = 0.004) and default mode network (cluster one: P < 0.001; and cluster two: P < 0.001) correlated positively with depressive symptoms. Normal anticorrelations between these two networks were absent in patients with post-stroke depression. Grey matter volume of the right posterior cingulate cortex (Pearson correlation coefficient = −0.286, P = 0.03), as well as microstructural measures in the posterior cingulate cortex (right: Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.4, P = 0.024; and left: Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.3, P = 0.048), right medial prefrontal cortex (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.312, P = 0.039) and the medial forebrain bundle (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.450, P = 0.003), a major projection pathway interconnecting the nucleus accumbens-seeded network and linking to medial prefrontal cortex, were associated with depression severity. Depression after stroke is marked by reduced mutual inhibition between functional circuits involving nucleus accumbens and default mode network as well as volumetric and microstructural changes within these networks. Aberrant network dynamics present in patients with post-stroke depression are therefore likely to be influenced by secondary, pervasive alterations in grey and white matter, remote from the site of injury.
User Experience Analysis of Satisfaction of Job Seekers (PENCAKER) in the City of Semarang Manpower Department in Using the SIKER Application Using the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) Method

The Semarang City Manpower Service or also known as (DISNAKER) is a government agency that can foster and control the manpower sector. The Manpower Office has its website application, namely the work system (SIKER) which is an integrated employee recruitment information system from the Semarang city government, companies, and also the community or job seekers. This study aims to understand the level of comfort in terms of User Experience in using the SIKER application. Analysis of the SIKER website application by applying the User UEQ method approach given to 32 respondents who have used this website. The UEQ assessment focuses on six aspects, namely: efficiency, attractiveness, accuracy, clarity, novelty, and stimulation. The results obtained after conducting the analysis are that the average respondent gives below average results, at the User Experience level the efficiency item gets a sufficient value, on the clarity, accuracy, stimulation, attractiveness, and novelty scales it gets a value below the average. This tends to be the lack of seeker users with this SIKER application. In other words, the reason is that there are still many users who don't understand this application because this application is still relatively new.
Neutral meson properties in hot and magnetized quark matter

In this work we evaluate the π0 pole-mass in the RPA approximation at finite magnetic field and temperature in the NJL SU(2) model. To this end, we employ an alternative version of the Magnetic Field Independent Regularization based on the Riemann-Hurwitz zeta function. To employ this formalism, we present a set of equations applied to the gap equation and pseudo-scalar polarization loop at the mean field approximation and random phase approximation.
Responses of Forest Net Primary Productivity to Climatic Factors in China during 1982–2015

Forest ecosystems play an important role in the global carbon cycle. Clarifying the large-scale dynamics of net primary productivity (NPP) and its correlation with climatic factors is essential for national forest ecology and management. Hence, this study aimed to explore the effects of major climatic factors on the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach (CASA) model-estimated NPP of the entire forest and all its corresponding vegetation types in China from 1982 to 2015. The spatiotemporal patterns of interannual variability of forest NPP were illustrated using linear regression and geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis. The correlations between forest NPP and climatic factors were evaluated using partial correlation analysis and sliding correlation analysis. We found that over thirty years, the average annual NPP of the forests was 887 × 1012 g C/a, and the average annual NPP per unit area was 650.73 g C/m2/a. The interannual NPP of the entire forest and all its corresponding vegetation types significantly increased (p < 0.01). The increase in the NPP of evergreen broad-leaved forests was markedly substantial among forest types. From the spatial perspective, the NPP of the entire forest vegetation gradually increased from northwest to southeast. Over the years, the proportions of the entire forest and all its corresponding vegetation types with a considerable increase in NPP were higher than those with a significant decrease, indicating, generally, improvements in forest NPP. We also found climatic factors variably affected the NPP of forests over time considering that the rise in temperature and solar radiation improved the interannual forest NPP, and the decline in precipitation diminished the forest NPP. Such varying strength of the relationship between the interannual forest NPP and climatic factors also varied across many forest types. Understanding the spatiotemporal pattern of forest NPP and its varying responses to climatic change will improve our knowledge to manage forest ecosystems and maintain their sustainability under a changing environment.
Semiconservative reduced speed of sound technique for low Mach number flows with large density variations

Context. The reduced speed of sound technique (RSST) has been used for efficient simulation of low Mach number flows in solar and stellar convection zones. The basic RSST equations are hyperbolic and are suitable for parallel computation by domain decomposition. The application of RSST is limited to cases in which density perturbations are much smaller than the background density. In addition, nonconservative variables are required to be evolved using this method, which is not suitable in cases where discontinuities such as shock waves coexist in a single numerical domain. Aims. In this study, we suggest a new semiconservative formulation of the RSST that can be applied to low Mach number flows with large density variations. Methods. We derive the wave speed of the original and newly suggested methods to clarify that these methods can reduce the speed of sound without affecting the entropy wave. The equations are implemented using the finite volume method. Several numerical tests are carried out to verify the suggested methods. Results. The analysis and numerical results show that the original RSST is not applicable when mass density variations are large. In contrast, the newly suggested methods are found to be efficient in such cases. We also suggest variants of the RSST that conserve momentum in the machine precision. The newly suggested variants are formulated as semiconservative equations, which reduce to the conservative form of the Euler equations when the speed of sound is not reduced. This property is advantageous when both high and low Mach number regions are included in the numerical domain. Conclusions. The newly suggested forms of RSST can be applied to a wider range of low Mach number flows.
On the evolution of high-B radio pulsars with measured braking indices

We have investigated the long-term evolutions of the high-magnetic field radio pulsars (HBRPs) with measured braking indices in the same model that was applied earlier to individual anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs), soft gamma repeaters (SGRs) and dim isolated neutron stars (XDINs). We have shown that the rotational properties (period, period derivative and braking index) and the X-ray luminosity of individual HBRPs can be acquired simultaneously by the neutron stars evolving with fallback discs. The model sources reach the observed properties of HBRPs in the propeller phases, when pulsed radio emission is allowed, at ages consistent with the estimated ages of the supernova remnants of the sources. Our results indicate that the strength of magnetic dipole fields of HBRPs are comparable to and even greater than those of AXP/SGRs and XDINs, but still one or two orders of magnitude smaller than the values inferred from the magnetic dipole torque formula. The possible evolutionary paths of the sources imply that they will lose their seemingly HBRP property after about a few 104 yr, because either their rapidly decreasing period derivatives will lead them into the normal radio pulsar population or they will evolve into the accretion phase switching off the radio pulses.
Computer-automated tuning of semiconductor double quantum dots into the single-electron regime

We report the computer-automated tuning of gate-defined semiconductor double quantum dots in GaAs heterostructures. We benchmark the algorithm by creating three double quantum dots inside a linear array of four quantum dots. The algorithm sets the correct gate voltages for all the gates to tune the double quantum dots into the single-electron regime. The algorithm only requires (1) prior knowledge of the gate design and (2) the pinch-off value of the single gate T that is shared by all the quantum dots. This work significantly alleviates the user effort required to tune multiple quantum dot devices.
Kronos and Krios: Evidence for Accretion of a Massive, Rocky Planetary System in a Comoving Pair of Solar-type Stars

We report and discuss the discovery of a significant difference in the chemical abundances of a comoving pair of bright solar-type stars, HD 240430 and HD 240429. The two stars have an estimated 3D separation of ≈0.6 pc (≈0.01 pc projected) at a distance of r ≈ 100 pc with nearly identical 3D velocities, as inferred from Gaia TGAS parallaxes and proper motions, and high-precision radial velocity measurements. Stellar parameters determined from high-resolution spectra obtained with the High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer (HIRES) at the Keck Observatory indicate that the two stars are ∼4 Gyr old. The more metal-rich of the two, HD 240430, shows an enhancement of refractory ( K) elements by ≈0.2 dex and a marginal enhancement of (moderately) volatile elements ( K; , , , , and ). This is the largest metallicity difference found in a wide binary pair to date. Additionally, HD 240430 shows an anomalously high surface lithium abundance ( ), higher than its cooler companion by 0.5 dex. The proximity in phase-space and ages between the two stars suggests that they formed together with the same composition, which is at odds with the observed differences in metallicity and abundance patterns. We therefore suggest that the star HD 240430, “Kronos,” accreted of rocky material after birth, selectively enhancing the refractory elements as well as lithium in its surface and convective envelope.
Surveys of Clumps, Cores, and Condensations in Cygnus X. I. A New Catalog of ∼0.1 pc Massive Dense Cores

Using infrared to (sub)millimeter data from Spitzer, Herschel, the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, and the IRAM 30 m telescope, we conducted an unbiased survey of the massive dense cores (MDCs) in the Cygnus X molecular cloud complex, aimed at characterizing the physical conditions of high-mass star formation (HMSF) at ∼0.1 pc scales. We created 5° × 6° images of the 70–1200 μm dust continuum, gas column density, and dust temperature of Cygnus X. A spatial relation between the dense regions (Av ≥ 15) and the developed H ii regions was found, indicating the impact of the latter on the global structures of Cygnus X. With a 35 M⊙ mass threshold implied by HMSF signposts, we identified 151 MDCs with sizes of ∼0.1 pc, masses of 35–1762 M⊙, and temperatures of 8–35 K. Our MDC sample is statistically complete in Cygnus X and is three times larger than that in Motte et al. The MDCs were classified into IR-bright/IR-quiet ones based on their midinfrared fluxes, and a large “IR-quiet” proportion (90%) was found in our sample. Two possible scenarios were proposed to interpret accelerated HMSF and the incapability of HMSF of the IR-quiet MDCs. We also found 26 starless MDCs by their lack of compact emissions at 21–70 μm wavelengths, of which the most massive ones are probably the best candidates of initial HMSF sites in Cygnus X.