Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coping with Occupational Stress among Early Childhood Educators. Factors of Occupational Stress, Coping Strategies and Factors of Wellbeing at Work: A Case Study in the Netherlands and Germany.

5 Chapter 1 – Introduction . 6 Chapter 2 – Theoretical Background . 10 2.1 Occupational Stress . 10 2.2 Coping with Occupational Stress . 11 2.3 Wellbeing at Work . 12 2.4 The Early Childhood Education and Care System . 12 2.4.1 The Dutch Early Childhood Education and Care System . 13 2.4.2 The German Early Childhood Education and Care System . 14 2.4.3 Comparison of the Dutch and the German ECEC System . 16 Chapter 3 – Methodology . 16 3.1 Research Philosophy . 16 3.2 Research Design . 17 3.3 The Case Organizations . 18 3.4 Data Collection . 20 3.5 Data Sources . 21 3.6 Data Analysis . 22 3.7 Reliability and Validity . 24 3.8 Research Ethics . 25 Chapter 4 – Results . 26 4.1 Results of a Childcare Center in the Netherlands . 26 4.1.1 Occupational Stress and Coping Strategies . 26 4.1.1.1 Factors of Occupational Stress . 27 4.1.1.2 Strategies to Cope with Occupational Stress . 29 4.1.2 Wellbeing at Work and Coping with Occupational Stress . 34 4.2 Results of a Childcare Center in Germany . 37 4.2.1 Occupational Stress and Coping Strategies . 37 4.2.1.1 Factors of Occupational Stress . 37 4.2.1.2 Strategies to Cope with Occupational Stress . 41 4.2.2 Wellbeing at Work and Coping with Occupational Stress . 46 4.3 Comparison of the Results of both Childcare Centers . 50 4.3.1 Factors of Occupational Stress . 50 4.3.2 Strategies to Cope with Occupational Stress . 51 4.3.3 Factors of Wellbeing at Work and Coping with Occupational Stress . 52
Skilled performance: Effects of adult age and experience on elementary processes.

SUMMARY Despite a general neglect in contemporary research of the role of practice on the performance of simple components of skill, considerable evidence indicates that experience leads to substantial improvement in detection, discrimination, ani speeded classification. One goal of the present research was to identify the mechanisms responsible for practice-related improvement in such elementary tasks. A second goal was to determine whether there are adult age differences in the magnitude of practicerelated improvement on simple perceptual and cognitive skills or in the mechanisms used to achieve that improvement. Eight young adults (ages 19 to 27 years) and 8 older adults (ages 62 to 73 years) performed four simple tasks for 5l experimental sessions. On several sessions the subjects received qualitatively or quantitatively different stimuli to determine the mechanisms responsible for improvement. A concurrent reaction-time task was also performed at three different periods to assess the level of residual capacity after various amounts of practice. The results were interpreted as suggesting that improvement is due to shifts in the type of information being processed, in the identity or sequence of processing operations, and in the attention requirements of the task. A model incorporating these mechanisms is proposed and its application to the data is discussed. Age differences persisted on nearly every performance measure throughout all levels of practice. Moreover, there was little evidence that young and old subjects were qualitatively different in the manner in which they performed the tasks. It is suggested that the major difference between young and old adults on simple perceptual and cognitive tasks is the rate of processing nearly all types of information.
A Multi-Level Logic Simulator for MOS Digital Circuits

Signature ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I w ould especially like to thank Steve Levitan for his guidance and patience throughout the development of this tool. Current gate-level and behavioral-level logic simulators are not capable of simulating IC design methodologies which utilize MOS transistors as the primitive element rather than logic gates. This paper proposes both a multi-valued logic system and a simulator called MVSIM, to overcome this problem. The multi-valued logic system can accurately model many c haracteristics of MOS and CMOS digital circuits including: bi-directional pass transistors, static and dynamic charge storage, busses, attenuation, ratioed and complementary logic, pre-charged logic, and physical failures. The simulator can simulate designs which are partitioned into transistors, logic gates and process blocks function blocks. The multi-valued logic system contains 20 unique states where each state is described by the pair a ; b `a' is the condition; `b' is the logic level and occupies a xed position in the Hasse strength lattice. Node resolution, performed on nodes with 2 or more drivers, is deened as a least upper iv bound operation on the Hasse strength lattice. The simulator performs both global evaluation, based on an event-driven algorithm, and local evaluation based on strict relaxation principles which utilize component models and node resolution to arrive at a steady state condition for the network. At each simulation time step in global evaluation, the network is decomposed into stages subnetworks where each stage is locally evaluated and its corresponding events become global at their computed times; this process being repeated until their are no more events to be processed. It is shown that MVSIM's functional performance approaches that of SPICE at simulation speeds orders of magnitude greater depending on the circuit size.
Dementia subtypes in China: prevalence in Beijing, Xian, Shanghai, and Chengdu.

BACKGROUND Prevalences of Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) in China reportedly differ from those in Western countries. OBJECTIVE To estimate prevalence of AD and VaD in 4 regions of China. DESIGN Cross-sectional, population-based prevalence survey with a stratified, multistage cluster sampling design. SETTING Rural (n = 99) and urbanized (n = 71) communities of Beijing, Xian, Shanghai, and Chengdu. PARTICIPANTS A sample of 34 807 community residents (94% of those eligible) 55 years or older. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants were screened with the Chinese Mini-Mental State Examination. Those who screened positive (n = 3950) underwent a standardized diagnostic workup. Screening sensitivity was assessed in a 3.3% random sample (n = 1008 of the 30 857 who passed the screening). Diagnoses of AD and VaD were made according to National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke-Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders Association and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Association Internationale pour la Recherche et l'Enseignement en Neurosciences criteria, respectively. Final diagnoses were made after a 6-month confirmation interval. RESULTS We identified 732 AD cases and 295 VaD cases. Prevalence in persons 65 years or older was 3.5% (95% confidence interval, 3.0%-3.9%) for AD and 1.1% (95% confidence interval, 0.9%-1.1%) for VaD. After post hoc correction for negative screening errors, prevalence increased to 4.8% for AD and remained at 1.1% for VaD. CONCLUSION Prevalence of dementia subtypes in China is comparable with that in Western countries.
Characteristics of the token bucket parameters with self similar network traffic

We investigate the influence of self similarity features of the input traffic on the performance of some QoS mechanisms. We model the token bucket of input traffic characteristics on the queue distribution of FBM (Fractional Brown Motion) and find the low bound of token bucket mechanism, at input traffic with the self similarity (Long range dependent). The result is token bucket parameter how to dependent the degree of the self similarity of the traffic.
Improving guide-based vulnerability detection with hybrid symbolic execution

Symbolic Execution is a key and useful technology in current refinement software test, but there still exists some problems such as space explosion. In order to mitigate this problem and improve the ability for detecting vulnerabilities, this paper presents the improving guide-based vulnerability detection with hybrid symbolic execution, which aims to test suspicious objects. This method conducts path traversal with a hybrid symbolic execution model, which alternates between dynamic and static symbolic execution, and verify whether it is vulnerability through summarizing the characteristics of vulnerabilities and generating a constraint expression. Experimental result shows that this method can successfully detect errors in 56 seconds, which exceeds any other modern mainstream symbolic execution tools including CUTE, KLEE, S2E and Cloud9. Compared with CUTE, this method alleviates the problem of space explosion. Besides, this papaer successfully verifies the vulnerabilities of OpenSSL and some other commonly used software.
Durable goods and consumption

Real annual consumption growth has averaged about 3.7% between 1998 Q1 and 2003 Q3—well above real average annual GDP growth of about 2.6% during that period. (2) Chart 1 shows that the buoyancy of consumer spending can be entirely accounted for by strong growth in durable and semi-durable goods expenditure (henceforth referred to as 'durable spending' unless otherwise specified). Since 1998 Q1 the annual growth rate of that spending has averaged 8.5%. In contrast, the growth of spending on other goods and services (which constitutes about three quarters of total consumer expenditure) has been much weaker, averaging 2.1% a year during that period. Chart 1 also shows that durable spending is volatile: it fluctuates more procyclically than non-durable spending. Periods of high GDP growth are accompanied by strong growth of durable spending relative to non-durable spending. And during recessions, durable expenditure typically falls back more sharply. This is consistent with economic theory which implies that households' purchases of durable goods could react more to economic news than households' demand for other goods and services. This is because durable goods provide a flow of services which households consume over a number of periods and those goods are typically purchased by households rather than rented. So, for example, given a perceived improvement in economic conditions (such as an increase in expected future income) households might seek to build up their stocks of those goods and therefore temporarily drive up their purchases of those goods relative to spending on other non-durable goods and services. An initial analysis might therefore wholly attribute the relative strength of durable spending in recent years to positive cyclical factors, which have caused households to increase their relative demand for durable goods. But the persistence of the strength of durable spending is puzzling. The gap between the annual growth rates of durable and non-durable expenditure has exceeded 4 percentage points in every quarter since 1998 Q3. That is unlikely to reflect short-run factors. Moreover, In real terms, the growth of durable spending has substantially outpaced that of spending on other goods and services since the mid-1990s. But that gap largely reflects the effects of falling relative prices: nominal spending on durables and on non-durables has grown at similar rates during that period. This article uses a simple framework to assess the behaviour of the real and nominal ratio of durables to non-durable spending in the long run. It also …
Kinase Suppressor of Ras (KSR) Is a Scaffold Which Facilitates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation In Vivo

ABSTRACT While scaffold proteins are thought to be key components of signaling pathways, their exact function is unknown. By preassembling multiple components of signaling cascades, scaffolds are predicted to influence the efficiency and/or specificity of signaling events. Here we analyze a potential scaffold of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, kinase suppressor of Ras (KSR), by generating KSR-deficient mice. KSR-deficient mice were grossly normal even though ERK kinase activation was attenuated to a degree sufficient to block T-cell activation and inhibit tumor development. Consistent with its role as a scaffold, high-molecular-weight complexes containing KSR, MEK, and ERK were lost in the absence of KSR. This demonstrates that KSR is a bona fide scaffold that is not required for but enhances signaling via the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway.
LDPC Application Based on CI/OFDM Underwater Acoustic Communication System

In this paper, we introduce carrier interferometry OFDM (CI/OFDM) into the underwater acoustic transmission field, and put the emphasis on how to deal with BER during communication with LDPC approach. We also analyze the error distribution of the received CI/OFDM signal, and propose a kind of CI-OFDM-LDPC joint algorithm to solve this problem. The result shows that even if the BER reaches a level of 10-2, it can be corrected completely in this way.
A High-Density Genetic Map Identifies a Novel Major QTL for Boron Efficiency in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

Low boron (B) seriously limits the growth of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), a high B demand species that is sensitive to low B conditions. Significant genotypic variations in response to B deficiency have been observed among B. napus cultivars. To reveal the genetic basis for B efficiency in B. napus, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the plant growth traits, B uptake traits and the B efficiency coefficient (BEC) were analyzed using a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from a cross between a B-efficient parent, Qingyou 10, and a B-inefficient parent, Westar 10. A high-density genetic map was constructed based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) assayed using Brassica 60 K Infinium BeadChip Array, simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). The linkage map covered a total length of 2139.5 cM, with 19 linkage groups (LGs) and an average distance of 1.6 cM between adjacent markers. Based on hydroponic evaluation of six B efficiency traits measured in three separate repeated trials, a total of 52 QTLs were identified, accounting for 6.14–46.27% of the phenotypic variation. A major QTL for BEC, qBEC-A3a, was co-located on A3 with other QTLs for plant growth and B uptake traits under low B stress. Using a subset of substitution lines, qBEC-A3a was validated and narrowed down to the interval between CNU384 and BnGMS436. The results of this study provide a novel major locus located on A3 for B efficiency in B. napus that will be suitable for fine mapping and marker-assisted selection breeding for B efficiency in B. napus.
A Tutorial on Auditory Neuropathy/Dyssynchrony for the Speech-Language Pathologist and Audiologist

Abstract This article presents information about developmental outcomes of children with auditory neuropathy/auditory dyssynchrony (AN). Colorado data on the number of children screened and the number of children identified with unilateral and bilateral AN will be described. Descriptive information about the percent of children with AN with cognitive disability and disabilities other than hearing loss will be presented. Language outcomes of children with normal cognitive development will be presented. This article will also provide information about etiologies and audiological information of children with AN. It includes assessment tools that have been useful in decision making for children with AN.
IL-27 Induces a Th1 Immune Response and Susceptibility to Experimental Arthritis1

IL-27 is the newest member of the cytokine family comprised of IL-12 and IL-23. IL-27 was originally described as a cytokine that along with IL-12 induces the differentiation of naive precursor T cells into Th1 effector cells. This activity has been called into question based on evidence in infectious disease and autoimmune models in which IL-27 is not absolutely required for the generation of IFN-γ, and IL-27 plays a regulatory role in controlling inflammation. We have previously reported in proteoglycan-induced arthritis (PGIA), a model of rheumatoid arthritis, that severe arthritis is dependent on the production of IFN-γ. In this study, we report that IL-27 was expressed in spleen and joint tissues of arthritic mice. We determined the involvement of IL-27 in PGIA by assessing the progression of arthritis in IL-27R−/− mice. Development of arthritis in IL-27R−/− mice was delayed and severity reduced in comparison with IL-27R+/+ littermate controls. Histology confirmed a reduction in joint cellularity, cartilage destruction, and bone erosion. Diminished arthritis was associated with fewer T cells producing IFN-γ and decreased IFN-γ secretion overtime. Moreover, the frequency of IL-4- and IL-17-expressing T cells and the production of IL-4 and IL-17 were similar in IL-27R−/− mice and controls. Our results indicate that IL-27 is critically involved in the induction of inflammation in PGIA. IL-27 functions by inducing the differentiation of IFN-γ-producing T cells in vivo that are essential for the development of arthritis.
Application of Fuzzy Association Rules in Intrusion Detection

Intrusion detection system (IDS) is based on data mining technology in this paper. Association rule mining which is a method of data mining will make the boundaries of intervals hard. It will increase the information loss. In this paper, a novel framework based on data mining techniques is proposed for designing IDS. In this framework, the classification engine, which is actually the core of the IDS, uses fuzzy association rules for building classifiers. Particularly, the fuzzy association rule sets are exploited as descriptive models of different classes. Generally, the proposed approach outperforms other methods, especially in terms of false positive rate.
MetaVelvet-SL: an extension of the Velvet assembler to a de novo metagenomic assembler utilizing supervised learning

The assembly of multiple genomes from mixed sequence reads is a bottleneck in metagenomic analysis. A single-genome assembly program (assembler) is not capable of resolving metagenome sequences, so assemblers designed specifically for metagenomics have been developed. MetaVelvet is an extension of the single-genome assembler Velvet. It has been proved to generate assemblies with higher N50 scores and higher quality than single-genome assemblers such as Velvet and SOAPdenovo when applied to metagenomic sequence reads and is frequently used in this research community. One important open problem for MetaVelvet is its low accuracy and sensitivity in detecting chimeric nodes in the assembly (de Bruijn) graph, which prevents the generation of longer contigs and scaffolds. We have tackled this problem of classifying chimeric nodes using supervised machine learning to significantly improve the performance of MetaVelvet and developed a new tool, called MetaVelvet-SL. A Support Vector Machine is used for learning the classification model based on 94 features extracted from candidate nodes. In extensive experiments, MetaVelvet-SL outperformed the original MetaVelvet and other state-of-the-art metagenomic assemblers, IDBA-UD, Ray Meta and Omega, to reconstruct accurate longer assemblies with higher N50 scores for both simulated data sets and real data sets of human gut microbial sequences.
Angle Seeking as a Scenario for Task-Based Evaluation of Information Access Technologies

In this paper we propose angle seeking as an appropriate task for the evaluation of information access technologies. We first describe angle seeking in the context of writing background to breaking news, analysing the types of information seeking activity it typically engenders, and then present a case study in which angle seeking forms the basis for a task-based evaluation in which a novel associative summary technology is compared with a conventional document retrieval engine. While neither technology is conclusively proved superior, this study both provides insights into these technologies and shows how a novel task-based evaluation can provide new information access technologies with a forum in which to establish themselves.
Relational database compression using augmented vector quantization

Data compression is one way to alleviate the I/O bottleneck problem faced by I/O-intensive applications such as databases. However, this approach is not widely used because of the lack of suitable database compression techniques. In this paper, we design and implement a novel database compression technique based on vector quantization (VQ). VQ is a data compression technique with wide applicability in speech and image coding, but it is not directly suitable for databases because it is lossy. We show how one may use a lossless version of vector quantization to reduce database space storage requirements and improve disk I/O bandwidth. <<ETX>>
Creating a Dual-Purpose Treebank

We describe the background for and building of IcePaHC, a one million word parsed historical corpus of Icelandic which has just been finished. This corpus which is completely free and open contains fragments of 60 texts ranging from the late 12 century to the present. We describe the text selection and text collecting process and discuss the quality of the texts and their conversion to modern Icelandic spelling. We explain why we choose to use a phrase structure Penn style annotation scheme and briefly describe the syntactic annotation process. Furthermore, we advocate the importance of an open source policy as regards language resources.
Robust 3D Head Tracking by Online Feature Registration

This paper presents a robust method for tracking the position and orientation of a head in videos. The proposed method can overcome occlusions and divergence problems. We introduce an online registration technique to detect and register feature point of the head while tracking. A set of point features is registered and updated for each reference pose serving a multi-view head detector. The online feature registration rectifies error accumulation and provides fast recovery after occlusion has ended, while preventing divergence problem which frequently occurs in conventional frame-to-frame tracking methods. The robustness of the proposed tracker is experimentally shown with video sequences that include occlusions and large pose variations.
Fe b 20 07 One-Dimensional Reduction of Multidimensional Persistent Homology

A recent result on size functions is extended to higher homology groups: the persistent homology based on a multidimensional measuring function is reduced to a 1-dimensional one. A simple example shows the advantage of the multidimensional setting with respect to consideration of the single components. Some reflections on k–essentiality of homological critical points conclude the paper.
Bionanocomposites based on poly(ε-caprolactone)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals by ring-opening polymerization

A ‘grafting from’ approach was used to graft poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) polymers to cellulose nanocrystals by Sn(Oct)2-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization (ROP). The grafting efficiency was evidenced by the long-term stability of suspension of PCL-grafted cellulose nanocrystals in toluene. These observations were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Extracted nanohybrids were characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle measurements. The morphology and crystalline structure of the PCL-grafted cellulose nanocrystals was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-Ray diffraction, respectively. Results showed that cellulose nanocrystals kept their initial morphological integrity and their native crystallinity. Nanocomposites with high content of cellulose nanocrystals were prepared using either neat cellulose nanocrystals or PCL-grafted cellulose nanocrystals and high molecular weight PCL as matrix using a casting/evaporation technique. Thermo-mechanical properties of processed nanocomposites were studied by DSC, dynamical mechanical analyses (DMA) and tensile tests. A significant improvement in terms of Young's modulus and storage modulus was obtained.