Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Privacy-Preserving Identity-Based Data Rights Governance for Blockchain-Empowered Human-Centric Metaverse Communications

Metaverse provides human-centric immersive communication experiences where humans can teleport across different virtual landscapes and build real-time communications via digital identities with others in the same landscape. Despite great benefits, a natural question in human-centric metaverse communications is how to secure digital content among humans. In this regard, blockchain has been widely applied due to its distinct features (e.g., decentralization, transparency, and immutability). Unfortunately, the inherent properties of the blockchain also hinder humans from further deploying preferences to flexibly govern the digital content (i.e., who can read and who can edit), limiting human-centric communication abilities. Some redactable blockchain-based solutions have been proposed, but most of them suffer from the issues of data and preference leakage. To address the issues, we propose a privacy-preserving identity-based data governance (IDRG) scheme for blockchain-empowered human-centric metaverse communications. Combining digital identities, IDRG cryptographically allows humans to govern readability and editability with the right downward compatibility (i.e., humans with editability are endowed with readability) while protecting policy privacy. Specifically, IDRG leverages the polynomial function technique to break through the bottleneck of the traditional identity-based encryption technique (i.e., a policy only contains a user) to achieve a policy for multiple users. Subsequently, the optimized policies are utilized to enrich chameleon hash-based redactable blockchains for comprehensive rights governance. Further, IDRG supports user accountability and revocation by combining the proxy re-encryption technique. Security analysis proves the security of IDRG under the chosen-ciphertext attack. Experiments on the FISCO blockchain platform demonstrate that IDRG requires approximately 0.1 s to process an encryption request, 0.01 s for a reading request, and 1 s for an editing request. Overall, IDRG achieves a $3\times $ reduction in computational costs compared with state-of-the-art solutions.
Anti-tumor effect of coix seed based on the theory of medicinal and food homology

Coix seed is a dry and mature seed of Coix lacryma-jobi L.var. ma-yuen (Roman.) Stapf in the Gramineae family. Coix seed has a sweet, light taste, and a cool nature. Coix seed enters the spleen, stomach, and lung meridians. It has the effects of promoting diuresis and dampness, strengthening the spleen to prevent diarrhea, removing arthralgia, expelling pus, and detoxifying and dispersing nodules. It is used for the treatment of edema, athlete's foot, poor urination, spleen deficiency and diarrhea, dampness and obstruction, lung carbuncle, intestinal carbuncle, verruca, and cancer. The medicinal and health value is high, and it has been included in the list of medicinal and food sources in China, which has a large development and application space. This article reviews the current research achievements in the processing methods and anti-tumor activities of Coix seed and provides examples of its clinical application in ancient and modern times, aiming to provide reference for further research on Coix seed and contribute to its clinical application and development. Through the analysis of the traditional Chinese patent medicines, and simple preparations and related health food of Coix seed queried by Yaozhi.com, the source, function, and dosage form of Coix seed were comprehensively analyzed, with a view of providing a reference for the development of Coix seed medicine and food.
Green Hydrogen Production from Geothermal Power Using Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cell (SOEC) on Kamojang Field: Potential and Challenges

Hydrogen (H2) is one of the alternative to substitute hydrocarbon fuel for power generation, and transportation purposes. It is also a valuable commodity for chemical process industries. There are several classifications of hydrogen based on the amount of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emitted within the hydrogen production process and source of electrolysis energy, one of which is the “green hydrogen” classification which does not produce zero CO2 emission within the aforementioned production process. This study analyzes the production of green hydrogen using Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cell (SOEC) utilizing electrical and heat energy from Kamojang Geothermal Field. SOEC has higher efficiency in terms of electricity energy consumption per kg hydrogen produced, compared to another type of electrolyzer, Proton-Exchange Membrane (PEM). Such feat of higher efficiency is obtained by a higher electrolyzer feed steam temperature (700 °C) that necessitates additional heat exchanger within the SOEC system, consisting of economizer and electric heater. This paper analyzes the utilization of low grade heat energy originating from the brine liquid that is exerted from the steam separator of Kamojang Geothermal Powerplant field, for the purpose of demineralized feedwater heating. Based on calculation and simulation, electricity energy consumption comparison of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrolyzer, SOEC without feedwater heating, and SOEC with feedwater heating using geothermal brine is 52.45 kWh/kg hydrogen, 46.94 kWh/kg hydrogen, and 40.38 kWh/kg hydrogen respectively. This paper analyzes the correlation of available geothermal brine, increase of feedwater temperature, and the reduction of electrolysis electricity consumption due to substitution of part of the electricity consumption with low grade heat that will yield a superior efficiency of hydrogen production from the viewpoint of electrical consumption.
DNA Barcoding Technology for Lineage Recording and Tracing to Resolve Cell Fate Determination

In various biological contexts, cells receive signals and stimuli that prompt them to change their current state, leading to transitions into a future state. This change underlies the processes of development, tissue maintenance, immune response, and the pathogenesis of various diseases. Following the path of cells from their initial identity to their current state reveals how cells adapt to their surroundings and undergo transformations to attain adjusted cellular states. DNA-based molecular barcoding technology enables the documentation of a phylogenetic tree and the deterministic events of cell lineages, providing the mechanisms and timing of cell lineage commitment that can either promote homeostasis or lead to cellular dysregulation. This review comprehensively presents recently emerging molecular recording technologies that utilize CRISPR/Cas systems, base editing, recombination, and innate variable sequences in the genome. Detailing their underlying principles, applications, and constraints paves the way for the lineage tracing of every cell within complex biological systems, encompassing the hidden steps and intermediate states of organism development and disease progression.
Identification of neural circuits controlling male sexual behavior and sexual motivation by manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging

Introduction Different techniques have been used to identify the brain regions that control sexual motivation and sexual behavior. However, the influence of sexual experience on the activation of these brain regions in the same subject is unknown. Using manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI), we analyzed the activation of brain regions in the sexual incentive motivation (SIM) and the partner preference PP (tests) on weeks 1, 5, and 10 in male rats tested for 10 weeks. AIM. In experiment 1, we analyzed the possible toxic effects of 16 mg/kg of MnCl2 on male sexual behavior, running wheel, and motor execution. In experiment 2, subjects were tested for SIM and PP using MEMRI. Methods In both experiments, a dose of 16 mg/kg (s.c) of chloride manganese (MnCl2) was administered 24 h before subjects were tested and placed immediately thereafter in a 7-Tesla Bruker scanner. Results In experiment 1, the dose of 16 mg/kg of MnCl2 did not induce behavioral alterations that could interfere with interpreting the imaging data. In experiment 2, we found a clear preference for the female in both the SIM and PP tests. We found a higher signal intensity in the olfactory bulb (OB) in week 1 of the SIM test compared to the control group. We also found increased signal intensity in the socio-sexual behavior and mesolimbic reward circuits in the SIM test in week 1. In the PP test, we found a higher signal intensity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in week 10 compared to the control group. In the same test, we found increased signal intensity in the socio-sexual and mesolimbic reward circuits in week 5 compared to the control group. Cohen's d analysis of the whole brain revealed that as the subjects gained sexual experience we observed a higher brain activation in the OB in the SIM group. The PP group showed higher brain activation in the cortex and subcortical structures as they acquired sexual experience. Discussion As the subjects gain sexual experience, more structures of the reward and socio-sexual circuits are recruited, resulting in different, and large brain activations.
Teachers’ Professional Development Training for Their Professionalism

The Teacher Professional Development (TPD) program is a dynamic initiative dedicated to nurturing the professional growth of educators, ultimately enhancing their efficiency. This article focuses on the study and analysis of the implementation status of TPD programs in Nepal in comparison to the policy guidelines of the TPD framework 2015 and aims to improve the implementation of TPD programs for the utilization of resources. The main strength lies in investing in teachers’ training that will ultimately lead to improved teaching and learning conditions in Nepali classrooms. Although the results show that the program is well adapted for the professional development of Nepali teachers, there are many gaps in the various stages of program implementation, which could make the TPD program more effective in transferring training to the classroom. It doesn't seem to be effective in translating the TPD policies into practices. This study also paved the way for further research to improve the transfer of training to classroom practices.
Epidemiology of obesity and control interventions in Saudi Arabia.

Background Prevalence estimates for overweight and obesity in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, including Saudi Arabia, have increased over the last 4 decades. Although the World Health Organization encourages countries to implement initiatives aimed at controlling obesity, limited research has been published on the impact of such initiatives in Saudi Arabia. Aims To assess the epidemiology of overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabia, describe and evaluate the effectiveness of past and current interventions, and recommend actions for prevention and control. Methods A narrative review of data from the Global Health Observatory was used to determine yearly estimates of prevalence of overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabia from 1975 to 2016. Large-scale interventions aimed at controlling obesity and its risk factors in Saudi Arabia were identified and summarized. Results Prevalence estimates of overweight and obesity among men and women in Saudi Arabia continued to increase from 1990 to 2019. Prevalence among adults was more than 60% and among children and adolescents it was 20-60%, suggesting a continuing trend. Interventions were identified but their impact on the prevention and control of obesity and its risk factors was unclear. Conclusion Prevalence estimates of overweight and obesity have been steadily increasing in Saudi Arabia since 1975. Integrated, "whole-of-community" approach, with continuous evaluation, is needed to achieve sustainable prevention and control of obesity in the country.
Plasma cell-free RNA profiling of Vietnamese Alzheimer's patients reveals a linkage with chronic inflammation and apoptosis: a pilot study

Introduction Circulating cell-free RNA (cfRNA) is a potential hallmark for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) as it construes the genetic expression level, giving insights into the pathological progress from the outset. Profiles of cfRNA in Caucasian AD patients have been investigated thoroughly, yet there was no report exploring cfRNAs in the ASEAN groups. This study examined the gap, expecting to support the development of point-of-care AD diagnosis. Methods cfRNA profiles were characterized from 20 Vietnamese plasma samples (10 probable AD and 10 age-matched controls). RNA reads were subjected to differential expression (DE) analysis. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify gene modules that were significantly co-expressed. These modules' expression profiles were then correlated with AD status to identify relevant modules. Genes with the highest intramodular connectivity (module membership) were selected as hub genes. Transcript counts of differentially expressed genes were correlated with key AD measures—MMSE and MTA scores—to identify potential biomarkers. Results 136 genes were identified as significant AD hallmarks (p < 0.05), with 52 downregulated and 84 upregulated in the AD cohort. 45.6% of these genes are highly expressed in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex. Notably, all markers related to chronic inflammation were upregulated, and there was a significant shift in all apoptotic markers. Three co-expressed modules were found to be significantly correlated with Alzheimer's status (p < 0.05; R2> 0.5). Functional enrichment analysis on these modules reveals an association with focal adhesion, nucleocytoplasmic transport, and metal ion response leading to apoptosis, suggesting the potential participation of these pathways in AD pathology. 47 significant hub genes were found to be differentially expressed genes with the highest connectivity. Six significant hub genes (CREB1, YTHDC1, IL1RL1, PHACTR2, ANKRD36B, RNF213) were found to be significantly correlated with MTA and MMSE scores. Other significant transcripts (XRN1, UBB, CHP1, THBS1, S100A9) were found to be involved in inflammation and neuronal death. Overall, we have identified candidate transcripts in plasma cf-RNA that are differentially expressed and are implicated in inflammation and apoptosis, which can jumpstart further investigations into applying cf-RNA as an AD biomarker in Vietnam and ASEAN countries.
Immediate Caregiving Environment of Young Children with Autism: Findings from the U.S. National Survey of Children’s Health

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disability that negatively affects children’s learning, motor behavior, social communication, and interaction. It was estimated that, in 2020, 1 in 36 children aged 8 years in the United States had ASD. Caring for children with ASD might exert significant psychological and emotional distress on parents. Receiving parental emotional support and fostering positive parent–child interactions at home have been identified as beneficial for the immediate caregiving environment for children with ASD. The current secondary analysis of the 2019–2020 National Survey of Children’s Health examined parent–child interactions and accessible sources of emotional support for parents caring for 3–5-year-old children diagnosed with ASD (N = 243). Children with the following characteristics had higher odds of having ASD: male gender; having no private insurance or uninsured; and having less than excellent general health. Among parents, higher odds of caring for children with ASD were associated with accessing emotional support from various sources, especially from healthcare professionals and peers, and spending more time telling stories and/or singing to their children. Given these significant health disparities, educational interventions and strategies are needed to foster a positive home caregiving environment for young children with ASD, including equitable access to parent resources.
Metabolome combined with transcriptome profiling reveals the dynamic changes in flavonoids in red and green leaves of Populus × euramericana ‘Zhonghuahongye’

Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that have economic value and are essential for health. Poplar is a model perennial woody tree that is often used to study the regulatory mechanisms of flavonoid synthesis. We used a poplar bud mutant, the red leaf poplar variety 2025 (Populus × euramericana ‘Zhonghuahongye’), and green leaves as study materials and selected three stages of leaf color changes for evaluation. Phenotypic and biochemical analyses showed that the total flavonoid, polyphenol, and anthocyanin contents of red leaves were higher than those of green leaves in the first stage, and the young and tender leaves of the red leaf variety had higher antioxidant activity. The analyses of widely targeted metabolites identified a total of 273 flavonoid metabolites (114 flavones, 41 flavonols, 34 flavonoids, 25 flavanones, 21 anthocyanins, 18 polyphenols, 15 isoflavones, and 5 proanthocyanidins). The greatest difference among the metabolites was found in the first stage. Most flavonoids accumulated in red leaves, and eight anthocyanin compounds contributed to red leaf coloration. A comprehensive metabolomic analysis based on RNA-seq showed that most genes in the flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways were differentially expressed in the two types of leaves. The flavonoid synthesis genes CHS (chalcone synthase gene), FLS (flavonol synthase gene), ANS (anthocyanidin synthase gene), and proanthocyanidin synthesis gene LAR (leucoanthocyanidin reductase gene) might play key roles in the differences in flavonoid metabolism. A correlation analysis of core metabolites and genes revealed several candidate regulators of flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis, including five MYB (MYB domain), three bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix), and HY5 (elongated hypocotyl 5) transcription factors. This study provides a reference for the identification and utilization of flavonoid bioactive components in red-leaf poplar and improves the understanding of the differences in metabolism and gene expression between red and green leaves at different developmental stages.
IoT-Driven Machine Learning for Precision Viticulture Optimization

Precision agriculture (PA), also known as smart farming, has emerged as an innovative solution to address contemporary challenges in agricultural sustainability. A particular sector within PA, precision viticulture (PV), is specifically tailored for vineyards. The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) has facilitated the acquisition of higher resolution meteorological and soil data obtained through in situ sensing. The integration of machine learning (ML) with IoT-enabled farm machinery stands at the forefront of the forthcoming agricultural revolution. These data allow ML-based forecasting as an alternative to conventional approaches, providing agronomists with predictive tools essential for improved land productivity and crop quality. This study conducts a thorough examination of vineyards with a specific focus on three key aspects of PV: mitigating frost damage, analyzing soil moisture levels, and addressing grapevine diseases. In this context, several ML-based models are proposed in a real-world scenario involving a vineyard located in Southern Italy. The test results affirm the feasibility and efficacy of the ML models, demonstrating their potential to revolutionize vineyard management and contribute to sustainable agricultural practices.
A Recommendation for Net Undercount Estimation in Iran Population and Dwelling Censuses

Census counts are subject to different types of nonsampling errors. One of these main errors is coverage error. Undercount and overcount are two types of coverage error. Undercount usually occurs more than the other, thus net undercount estimation is important. There are various methods for estimating the coverage error in censuses. One of these methods is dual system (DS) that usually uses data from the census and a postenumeration survey (PES). In this paper, the coverage error and necessity of its evaluation, PES design and DS method are explained. Then PES associated approaches and their effects on DS estimation are illustrated and these approaches are compared. Finally, we explain the Statistical Center of Iran method of estimating net undercount in Iran 2006 population and dwelling census and a suggestion will be given for improving net undercount estimation in population and dwelling censuses of Iran.
Accounting for residential and non-residential environments to measure contextual effects on health behavior : the case of recreational walking behavior

Previous studies on place effect on health focused on the residential neighborhood. This approach was criticized for not considering non-residential geographic life environments. The overarching aim of this dissertation is to estimate whether accounting for people’s network of activity places and their resulting exposure allows improving the understanding of environmental influences on recreational walking behavior. Three cross sectional studies were conducted on the second wave of the RECORD Cohort Study. In the first study, I identified a typology of individuals’ patterns of mobility and related socio-demographic correlates. Results from the second study provide evidence that exposure to environmental characteristics supportive to walking highly differs between the residential neighborhood, the perceived residential neighborhood and the activity space. The measurement error resulting from the sole use of residential measures of exposure varies among SES groups and among categories of the degree of urbanicity of the residence. In the third empirical study a high density of destinations, the presence of a lake or waterway, and a high neighborhood education are associated with recreational walking. This dissertation strengthen the conceptual grounds and empirical evidence that accounting for both residential and non-residential geographical environments individual get exposed is required to better proxy the true environmental exposure, and to estimate environmental influences on health behaviors.
Enhancing historical consciousness in history education through integrating STEM approach and historical thinking skill

The research explores the potential of incorporating science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education approach and critical thinking to enhance historical consciousness. The study employs an ex post facto quantitative method, specifically a correlational design to analyse the variables. The research population comprises 425 students from diverse backgrounds in Banten Province schools that have implemented the STEM approach. A sample size of 202 students is determined using a predefined error rate. Data collection involves tests and questionnaires assessing historical thinking skills, STEM approaches, and historical consciousness. Statistical analysis, including partial and simultaneous multiple correlation tests, reveals a significant and very strong positive relationship between STEM approach, historical thinking skills, and historical consciousness. This suggests that the interplay of these factors enhances history learning and encourages a deeper understanding of historical events, promoting critical thinking, and historical consciousness. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating STEM methodologies into history education to provide students with a holistic understanding of historical events and their societal implications. Such an approach bridges the gap between STEM and history, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and promoting informed and empathetic citizens. Future research should explore diverse samples, employ qualitative methods, and investigate curriculum designs and teaching strategies that effectively integrate STEM and history education.