Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Localisation with sketch based input

This article is dealing with an alternative method of localization. It proposes to use sketch based input as a description of the users location or a remote place. Sketches are assumed to be map like drawings in two dimensions that can be assembled on a computer screen for direct interpretation by a processing tool. For the localization process a common representation of the sketch and the reference data must be derived from some basic properties of both data sets. Sketches are an imprecise representation of the thoughts a person has about a situation and emphasizes the relations between objects. This relations are of a topological nature and do not represent a precise geometrie. The properties are leading to a data structure for the search process that is organized as a semantical network, modelling the objects and relations as nodes of a graph. This graph is the foundation on which a search algorithm can be build. It aims on finding a sketched situation in a reference data set by scanning through the reference and finding corresponding nodes of the semantical networks. Therefore a constraint tree search approach is used. It is growing a state tree while exploring potential assignements of nodes. The search space is restricted by constraints that are applied to potential assignements of objects in the sketch and in the reference. Some examples are shown to illustrate this process.
Neural Representations of Concept Knowledge

This chapter reviews progress made by brain-reading (neurosemantic) studies that use multivariate analytic methods to delineate the nature, content, and neuroanatomical distribution of the neural representation of concept knowledge in semantic memory. Concept knowledge underlies almost all human thought, communication, and daily activity. The chapter describes how neurosemantic research has provided initial answers to such prominent questions as: What types of information are encoded in a given neural concept representation? To what extent are neural concept representations common across different people? Do neural concept representations evoked by pictures differ from those evoked by language? How are abstract versus concrete concepts represented in the brain? How does the neural representation of a concept evolve while a new concept is being learned? What are the properties and implications of the data analytic techniques that are used in this research area? The initial answers to these questions illuminate how the properties of brain organization impose a structure on the neural representations of concepts.
Uplink cell capacity of cognitive radio networks with peak interference power constraints

A cognitive radio (secondary) network can reuse the under-utilized spectrum licensed to a primary network on a non-interruptive basis. In this paper, we study the uplink capacity of a secondary network where a secondary base station (BS) is located at the center while multiple secondary users are uniformly distributed within a circular cell of radius R. Primary users are assumed to be distributed in the same plane according to a Poisson point process with a density parameter lambdap. To protect primary services, secondary users can only transmit under a peak interference power constraint which guarantees that the instantaneous interference power perceived by any primary user is not larger than a certain threshold. In addition, we assume an opportunistic scheduler at the BS which exploits multi-user diversity among M secondary users and stochastically maximize the cell capacity.We first study the capacity with a simple channel model considering only the path loss and derive the closed-form cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the capacity. We then study the capacity with realistic fading channel models using a semi-analytical approach. The impacts of the parameters R, lambdap, and M on the capacity are quantified and discussed. Moreover, we find that shadowing and fading only have limited impacts on the distribution of the capacity.
User evaluation of augmented reality systems

Augmented reality (AR) systems need to be evaluated for their appropriateness for a given task. Three approaches are used to evaluate the waterpump augmented reality tool (WART). The system is assessed using verbal protocol, performance time and a questionnaire. The WART system is compared with a paper version of the assembly instructions. The verbal protocol revealed that there was more cognitive processing for the paper version of task than WART, it took longer to complete the task with WART than the paper version and the questionnaire revealed the effect on performance of problems associated with AR. All of the participants in the evaluation, however, were positive about WART, and appreciated its usefulness.
Intrusion Detection System on KDDCup 99 Dataset : A Survey

Intrusion Detection provides a technique of identifying unwanted packets so the attacks or harm made from these intrusions can be minimize. Since various techniques are implemented for the discovery and categorization of intrusions. Some of the IDS is implemented on the network based and some are implemented for Host based. Here in this paper a survey of all the techniques implemented for the discovery and categorization of intrusions on KDDCup 99 dataset is discussed, so that by identifying their various issues a new and efficient technique is implemented which can classify and detection intrusions in KDDCup 99 dataset.
Accelerating Universe, Cosmological Constant and Dark Energy

We present a space-velocity theory of gravitation in a 4-dimensional curved space. The solutions of the field equations yield 3 possibilities for the universe expansion but only the accelerating one is possible. Although the theory has no cosmological constant, we exract from it its equivalent value which is shown to be in agreement with measurements. No pressure is used in the theory.
Empirical Study and Model of User Acceptance for Personalized Recommendation

Personalized recommendation technology plays an important role in the current e-commerce system, but the user willingness to accept the personalized recommendation and its influencing factors need to be study. In this study, the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) are used to construct a user acceptance model of personalized recommendation which tested by the empirical method. The results show that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, subjective rules and trust tend had an impact on personalized recommendation.
Global Harmony: coupled noise analysis for full-chip RC interconnect networks

Noise is becoming one of the most important metrics in the design of VLSI systems, certainly of comparable importance to area, timing, and power. In this paper, we describe Global Harmony, a methodology for the analysis of coupling noise in the global interconnect of large VLSI chips being developed for the design of high-performance microprocessors. The architecture of Global Harmony involves a careful combination of static noise analysis, static timing analysis, and reduced-order modelling techniques. We describe a reduced-order modelling approach that allows for passive multiport reduction of RC netlists as impedance macromodels while preserving the symmetry and sparsity of the state matrices for efficient storage. We describe how the macromodels are practically employed to perform coupling analysis and how timing constraints can be used to limit pessimism in the analysis.
Unravelling the Evolutionary Advantage of Sex : a Commentary on ' Mutation–selection Balance and the Evolutionary Advantage of Sex and Recombination '

Delving into the literature on the evolution of sex is like picking up a dusty, old, unpromising book and discovering that a fascinating mystery novel lies within it. What makes this tome unpromising is that explaining the evolution of sex seems so trivial at first. Isn't it obvious that sex generates variation ? The fact that nearly all eukaryotes engage in sex, at least occasionally , reinforces the view that the advantages of sex must be pervasive and strong. But cracks in this story appeared early on, when the first models were developed to investigate the fate of genes controlling the rate of sex and recombination (so-called 'modifiers '). The earliest work showed that genetic variants increasing recombination never spread when introduced into a population at equilibrium under selection While these papers focused on modifiers of recombi-nation, similar results apply to modifiers that alter the frequency of sex (e.g. Dolgin & Otto, 2003). In short, when the only evolutionary process acting is viability selection (no mutation, no departures from random mating, no drift, etc.), evolutionary theory predicts that populations should evolve lower and lower rates of sex and recombination. That's a pretty big crack. The underlying reason why evolution leads to reduced levels of sex and recombination in these models is that sex and recombination break apart the favourable gene combinations that have been built up by past selection. Consider the simplest case of a single selected locus, A, where selection favours hetero-zygotes. Modifiers that increase the frequency of sex increase the production of AA and aa offspring from heterozygous parents (who are more likely to have survived to reproduce). Sex therefore does produce more genetically variable offspring, but these offspring are less fit, and their deaths cause the demise of modifiers that promote sexual reproduction. Metaphorically, we have come to the point in the mystery where the protagonist has been murdered. And as good detectives, evolutionary biologists have been pursuing the culprit for decades in an attempt to find the real reason why sex and recombination have evolved and are so prevalent. Enter Brian Charlesworth and his classic (1990) paper, 'Mutation–selection balance and the evolutionary advantage of sex and recombination ' in Genetical Research. This paper explored whether deleterious mutations, added to a model of selection in an infinitely large diploid population, could favour sex and recombination. By producing more variable offspring, some of which carry more deleterious mutations …
Researches on Properties of Generalized Normalization Coefficient in NML Distribution

In coding theory the minimum description length principle plays a very important role. And the most important conception in minimum description length is stochastic complexity. In order to compute the stochastic complexity of some certain normalized maximum likelihood distribution, it is important to know the properties of Cn, which denotes the normalization coefficient in the universal normalized maximum likelihood distribution. In this paper, an integral expression of Cn in the Gama model class is proposed by the generation function. In this way we can solve some problems by this method. And we also define a generalized normalization coefficient Cn,k and present some properties about it
Where Are We Now? Changing Admission Rates for Underrepresented Groups in Ontario Teacher Education

Equitable representation is an ongoing challenge for Canadian teacher education. While university educators recognize that a diverse teaching force supports both student outcomes and teacher retention, various groups – including first-generation students, students with disabilities, students of Aboriginal descent, and other racialized minorities – are underrepresented in Ontario’s colleges and universities. Further, while many Canadian teacher education programs identify equity and diversity as key values, these values do not always result in rates of representation that reflect the student population. This study therefore examines the changes in application and acceptance rates of self-identifying underrepresented groups in Ontario’s new four-semester teacher education programs. Such data will enable teacher educators to better understand rates of representation, and will be of interest to stakeholders from across Canada as they work to address the complex task of increasing equity and access for underrepresented groups in their programs.
Pedestrian detection by on-board camera using collaboration of inter-layer algorithm

In this paper we present a robust pedestrian detection algorithm in low resolution on-board monocular camera image sequences of cluttered scenes. At first a motion based object detection algorithm is developed to detect foreground objects by analyzing horizontal motion vector. A cascade structure of rejection type classifier is utilized for our pedestrian detection system. Initial stage of cascade, simple rule based classification techniques are used to separate pedestrian from obvious road side structural object and later part of the cascade, a more complex algorithm which is a combination of Histogram of Oriented Gradients(HOG) and Support Vector Machine(SVM) based classification techniques are utilized to separate pedestrian from non-pedestrian objects. Finally, the image segments are tracked by our Spatio-Temporal Markov Random Field model(S-T MRF). Results show that our algorithms are promising for pedestrian detection in cluttered scenes.
Structural and Developmental Disparity in the Tentacles of the Moon Jellyfish Aurelia sp.1

Tentacles armed with stinging cells (cnidocytes) are a defining trait of the cnidarians, a phylum that includes sea anemones, corals, jellyfish, and hydras. While cnidarian tentacles are generally characterized as structures evolved for feeding and defense, significant variation exists between the tentacles of different species, and within the same species across different life stages and/or body regions. Such diversity suggests cryptic distinctions exist in tentacle function. In this paper, we use confocal and transmission electron microscopy to contrast the structure and development of tentacles in the moon jellyfish, Aurelia species 1. We show that polyp oral tentacles and medusa marginal tentacles display markedly different cellular and muscular architecture, as well as distinct patterns of cellular proliferation during growth. Many structural differences between these tentacle types may reflect biomechanical solutions to different feeding strategies, although further work would be required for a precise mechanistic understanding. However, differences in cell proliferation dynamics suggests that the two tentacle forms lack a conserved mechanism of development, challenging the textbook-notion that cnidarian tentacles can be homologized into a conserved bauplan.
Scalable and energy efficient software architecture for human behavioral measurement

Understanding human behavior is central to many professions in engineering, health and the social sciences, and has typically been measured through surveys, direct observation and interviews. However, these methods are known to have drawbacks, including bias, problems with recall accuracy, and low temporal fidelity. Recently, a new tool has been employed to great effect: the smartphone. Modern mobile phones have a variety of sensors that can be used to find activity patterns and infer the underlying human behaviors, placing a heavy load on the phone's battery. Social science researchers hoping to leverage this new technology must carefully balance the fidelity of the data with the cost in phone performance. Crucially, many of the data collected are of limited utility because they are redundant or unnecessary for a particular study question. Previous researchers have attempted to address this problem by modifying the measurement schedule based on sensed context, but a complete solution remains elusive. In the approach described here, measurement is made contingent on sensed context and measurement objectives through extensions to a configuration language, allowing significant improvement to flexibility and reliability. Empirical studies indicate a significant improvement in energy efficiency with acceptable losses in data fidelity.
Horizontal transfer - imperative mission of acellular life forms, Acytota

ABSTRACT Acytota is a kingdom of life covering satellites, plasmids, transposable elements, viroids and viruses, all outside the conventional tree of life but satisfying most life definitions. This review focuses on some aspects of Acytota, their “genomes” and life styles, the dominance of transposable elements and their evolutionary influence on other life forms in order to vindicate the Acytota as a life kingdom no more polyphyletic than other kingdoms and its members no more parasitic than other life forms.
Business Rule Extraction from Legacy System Using Dependence-Cache Slicing

Business rules are operational rules that business organizations follow to perform various activities. We summarize researches for business rule extraction from legacy system and find that the limitation of these methods is to use static slicing, because static slicing sometimes produces a large portion of a source program, especially for programs with array and pointer variable. This paper presents a method using dependence-cache slicing technique to extract business rules. The proposed approach has been implemented as a system and experimented with a number of programs. The finding shows that our proposed approach can greatly improve previous techniques in slice precision.
Extensive Families of miRNAs and PHAS Loci in Norway Spruce Demonstrate the Origins of Complex phasiRNA Networks in Seed Plants

In eudicot plants, the miR482/miR2118 superfamily regulates and instigates the production of phased secondary small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) from NB-LRR (nucleotide binding leucine-rich repeat) genes that encode disease resistance proteins. In grasses, this miRNA family triggers siRNA production specifically in reproductive tissues from long noncoding RNAs. To understand this functional divergence, we examined the small RNA population in the ancient gymnosperm Norway spruce (Picea abies). As many as 41 miRNA families in spruce were found to trigger phasiRNA (phased, secondary siRNAs) production from diverse PHAS loci, with a remarkable 19 miRNA families capable of targeting over 750 NB-LRR genes to generate phasiRNAs. miR482/miR2118, encoded in spruce by at least 24 precursor loci, targets not only NB-LRR genes to trigger phasiRNA production (as in eudicots) but also noncoding PHAS loci, generating phasiRNAs preferentially in male or female cones, reminiscent of its role in the grasses. These data suggest a dual function of miR482/miR2118 present in gymnosperms that was selectively yet divergently retained in flowering plants. A few MIR482/MIR2118 precursors possess an extremely long stem-loop structure, one arm of which shows significant sequence similarity to spruce NB-LRR genes, suggestive of an evolutionary origin from NB-LRR genes through gene duplication. We also characterized an expanded miR390-TAS3 (TRANS-ACTING SIRNA GENE 3)-ARF (AUXIN RESPONSIVE FACTOR) pathway, comprising 18 TAS3 genes of diverse features. Finally, we annotated spruce miRNAs and their targets. Taken together, these data expand our understanding of phasiRNA network in plants and the evolution of plant miRNAs, particularly miR482/miR2118 and its functional diversification.
The geographical and environmental determinants of genetic diversity for four alpine conifers of the European Alps

Climate is one of the most important drivers of local adaptation in forest tree species. Standing levels of genetic diversity and structure within and among natural populations of forest trees are determined by the interplay between climatic heterogeneity and the balance between selection and gene flow. To investigate this interplay, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 24 to 37 populations from four subalpine conifers, Abies alba Mill. , Larix decidua Mill. , Pinus cembra L. and Pinus mugo Turra, across their natural ranges in the Italian Alps and Apennines. Patterns of population structure were apparent using a Bayesian clustering program, STRUCTURE, which identified three to five genetic groups per species. Geographical correlates with these patterns, however, were only apparent for P. cembra. Multivariate environmental variables [i.e. principal components (PCs)] were subsequently tested for association with SNPs using a Bayesian generalized linear mixed model. The majority of the SNPs, ranging from six in L. decidua to 18 in P. mugo, were associated with PC1, corresponding to winter precipitation and seasonal minimum temperature. In A. alba, four SNPs were associated with PC2, corresponding to the seasonal minimum temperature. Functional annotation of those genes with the orthologs in Arabidopsis revealed several genes involved in abiotic stress response. This study provides a detailed assessment of population structure and its association with environment and geography in four coniferous species in the Italian mountains.
Stochastic Modeling Of Dynamic Power Management Policies And Analysis Of Their Power-Latency Tradeoffs

Dynamic Power Management (DPM) is one of the main system level low power technologies for Systems On Chip (SOCs). This paper presents a series of Markov models for various DPM policies and provides accurate analysis about their power and latency performances with full consideration of the shutdown and wakeup processes. The new models make it possible to incorporate latency analysis in terms of deadline satisfaction.
Modeling Software Architecture Process with a Decision-Making Approach

The architecture of a software system is the result of balancing concerns expressed by system stakeholders using a decision-making process. Several industrial approaches have been proposed that recognize the importance of architectural decisions and their rationale, but most do not provide mechanisms to systematically formalize and manage this decision-making. This article proposes a strategy to enrich the activities of software architecture design, by using Business Process Management Notation (BPMN) in a clear, structured and consistent manner to keep the focus on decisions. This strategy consists of (1) an "as-is" process definition, analysis and improvement of the original process, and (2) a "to-be" process transformation, allowing to derive an enriched process. The approach is illustrated using the security perspective to architectural views in Rozanski and Wood's V&P method. This approach is a step towards the systematic consideration of software architecture design processes as decision-making activities.
HM: A Column-Oriented MapReduce System on Hybrid Storage

The solid-state hybrid drive (SSHD) incorporates a small NAND flash memory into a hard drive, resulting in an integrated device with combined Hard Disk Drive (HDD ) and Solid State Disk (SSD) storage. By identifying the data highly associated with the performance and buffering them in the SSD part, SSHD can deliver a better performance than the standard hard drive. However, that requires a significant redesign for existing data processing systems. In this paper, we examine the problem of efficiently processing relational data using MapReduce on a cluster using SSHDs as the underlying storage devices. We present the design of Hybrid MapReduce (HM ), a column-oriented MapReduce system, which adopts different storage layout, query optimizer, data index, and compression algorithm from previous MapReduce systems. In HM, the Distributed File System (DFS ) is deployed on SSHDs, and data layout (how data chunks are disseminated to HDDs and SSDs) plays a key role for the performance. Hence, an approximate algorithm is used to tune the data layout adaptively to maximize the query performance. We evaluate HM using TPC-H benchmark and the results show that with our new design, the hybrid system can provide a similar performance as the SSD-only system.