Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finite-Time Adaptive Quantized Motion Control for Hysteretic Systems With Application to Piezoelectric-Driven Micropositioning Stage

This study addresses the finite-time adaptive output feedback quantized control problem for nonstrict-feedback nonlinear systems subject to unknown hysteresis and time delays. An estimated inverse compensator (EIC) is constructed to mitigate hysteresis by resorting to a generalized Duhem model. A Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is employed to deal with the uncertainties of time delays. However, the system performance deteriorates when the quantized signal is directly applied to the hysteretic system. To overcome this obstacle, this study proposes a new composite quantizer consisting of an adaptive state-estimation filter and a modified hysteretic quantizer, in which the former facilitates the state approximation by incorporating the feedback information of the system and the latter regulates the communication rate. With the proposed finite-time prescribed adaptive quantized control with an estimated inverse compensator (EIC–FPAQC) scheme, all solutions of the closed-loop systems are semiglobal practical finite-time stable and the tracking error can be ensured in a predefined accuracy. Finally, experiments are conducted on a piezoelectric-driven micropositioning stage to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Study on the Second-Order Additional Source Term Method for Handling Boundary Conditions

An additional source term is an effective way to deal with boundary conditions to accelerate convergence rate, and it has been widely used in the literature. However, we find that this method has only first-order accuracy in its present form, which may decrease the accuracy of the numerical solution. A second-order additional source term method is proposed in this article, with detailed derivations. The numerical examples show that, compared to the first-order additional source term method, the second-order one has higher precision. Moreover, a unified expression is presented to treat the three common types of boundary conditions.
Gyrokinetic simulations of electrostatic microturbulence in ADITYA-U tokamak

Global gyrokinetic simulations of the electrostatic microturbulence driven by the pressure gradients of thermal ions and electrons are carried out for the ADITYA-U tokamak geometry using its experimental plasma profiles and with collisional effects. The dominant instability is trapped electron mode (TEM) based on the linear eigenmode structure and its propagation in the electron diamagnetic direction. Collisional effects suppress turbulence and transport to a certain extent. Zonal flow is not playing a critical role in the TEM saturation, which is dominated by the inverse cascade. The frequency spectrum of the electrostatic fluctuations is in broad agreement with the experimentally recorded spectrum in the ADITYA-U, with a bandwidth ranging from ∼0 to 50 kHz.
Bias Adjustment Minimizing the Asymptotic Mean Square Error

A method of bias adjustment which minimizes the asymptotic mean square error is presented for an estimator typically given by maximum likelihood. Generally, this adjustment includes unknown population values. However, in some examples, the adjustment can be done without population values. In the case of a logit, a reasonable fixed value for the adjustment is found, which gives the asymptotic mean square error smaller than those of the asymptotically unbiased estimator and the maximum likelihood estimator. The weighted-score method, which yields directly the estimator with the minimized asymptotic mean square error, is also given.
Area, Delay, and Energy-Efficient Full Dadda Multiplier

The Dadda algorithm is a parallel structured multiplier, which is quite faster as compared to array multipliers, i.e., Booth, Braun, Baugh-Wooley, etc. However, it consumes more power and needs a larger number of gates for hardware implementation. In this paper, a modified-Dadda algorithm-based multiplier is designed using a proposed half-adder-based carry-select adder with a binary to excess-1 converter and an improved ripple-carry adder (RCA). The proposed design is simulated in different technologies, i.e., Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 50nm, 90nm, and 120nm, and on different GHz frequencies, i.e., 0.5, 1, 2, and 3.33GHz. Specifically, the 4-bit circuit of the proposed design in TSMCs 50nm technology consumes 25uW of power at 3.33GHz with 76ps of delay. The simulation results reveal that the design is faster, more power-energy-efficient, and requires a smaller number of transistors for implementation as compared to some closely related works. The proposed design can be a promising candidate for low-power and low-cost digital controllers. In the end, the design has been compared with recent relevant works in the literature.
Nonparametric estimation of the conditional variance function with correlated errors

In this paper, we consider a fixed regression model where the errors are a strictly stationary process and in which both functions, the conditional mean and the conditional variance (volatility), are unknown. Two nonparametric estimators of the volatility function based on local polynomial fitting are studied. Expressions of the asymptotic bias and variance are given and the asymptotic normality is shown for both estimators. The influence of the dependence of the data is observed in the expressions of the variance. A simulation study and an analysis with real economic data illustrate the behavior of the proposed nonparametric estimators.
Design Of Nonpolarizing Achromatic Beamsplitters With Dielectric Multilayer Coatings

Optical beamsplitters often consist of repeated pairs of high and low index quarter-wave layers. At oblique angles of incidence, such coatings typically have a fairly high polarization ratio. Reflectance, transmittance, and phase for the two orthogonal planes of polarization, s and p, are different in general. Here, we present the results of the design of all-dielectric beamsplitter coatings with very low polarization ratios. An initial sinusoidal refractive index profile, optimized with a refining computer program, yields a 50±1% beamsplitter in the 450 to 650 nm wavelength range, with less than 0.5% (abs.) difference between the s and p reflectance in most of this interval. Matching the elements of the characteristic matrix of this design with those of a generic homogeneous multilayer stack yields the starting design A(HL)7HS for a reflectance to transmittance ratio of R:T = 50:50% and 30:70% beamsplitters, which are optimized for the 500 to 600 nm wavelength range and angles of incidence of 40°, 50°, and 60° using a computer program based on a damped least squares refining technique. The average deviation from the nominal beamsplitting ratio is less than 0.5% for all given design examples. The maximum deviations are about 2% in this wavelength range.
SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATION OF MIDDLE-TYPE SUPERGIANTS IN THE PHOTOGRAPHICN INFRARED.

A semiquantitative spectral classification scheme for middle-type supergiant stars is presented which is wholly dependent on data in the near infrared. The method involves the measurement of central depths as indicators of the strengths of the Paschen hydrogen lines 12 through 16, the Ca II infrared triplet and the 7774-A blend of O I, and was tested on slit spectrograms of previously classified stars of spectral types B8 through G2. Results for the 142 stars considered are found to agree well with the MK spectral types determined previously, particularly in spectral types A5 through G0 and luminosity classes Ia through II.
Urban-Rural Solar Radiation and Atmospheric Turbidity Measurements in the Los Angeles Basin

Abstract As part of the Los Angeles Reactive Pollutant Project (September–November 1973) continuous measurements were made of incident ultraviolet and total solar irradiance at six sites (five urban and one nonurban) over the Basin. Turbidity and nephelometer measurements were made periodically at two sites. Incident irradiance during cloudless conditions was significantly depleted by the smoggy urban atmosphere. The largest daily measured differences of UV energy between the nonurban and urban sites was about 50%; greater differences were measured for shorter periods. Variations between urban sites of up to 40% for short periods were noted. Less energy was attenuated by the urban atmosphere on weekends than weekdays. For the complete 68-day experiment, the average absolute effect of the urban atmosphere was to reduce ultraviolet irradiance from 11–20% and total irradiance from 6–8% over the Basin. Atmospheric turbidity decreased from September through October as meteorological conditions changed. The Aug.
Thermodynamic Theory for Binary Fluid Mixtures in the Gravitational Field

Abstract The thermodynamic theory for a fluid mixture in a gravitational field under a given pressure is developed. The local density and the local molfraction are varied to minimize the Gibbs free energy of the system. With the approximation of local thermodynamics, a set of coupled linear differential equations of first order is obtained. The non-local van der Waals-Landau contributions, leading to a set of linear differential equations of second order, are discussed for the two component lattice gas. Experimental methods allowing to determine concentration and density gradients are discussed also.
A fast segmentation of MRI image based on chan-vese model

Nowadays, active contour model and level set method have made a great success in the image segmentation, but these methods also have drawbacks: existence of local minima because of non-convexity and the huge amount of calculation. To solve these problems, the paper improved the original Chan-Vese model. Firstly, the nonconvex Chan-Vese model can be reformulated as convex optimization problem based on the work of Chan, et al. This can extract a global minmizer of the model. Then edge detector operator was incorporated into convex Chan-Vese model, and a hybrid model based on edge and region information was proposed. As for the drawback of level set method, the paper exploited fast duality projection algorithm to compute the global minimum of the proposed model. Meanwhile, the paper proposed a new iteration terminal condition which advoided the useless iterations and reduced the iteration time. Finally, the proposed model is applied to MRI images, and the result proves that the proposed model can extract the target region rapidly and accurately.
Effects of osmotic stress on Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644: persistent cells and heat resistance

Persistent bacteria are a microbial subpopulation that, exposed to bactericidal treatment, is killed at a slower rate than the rest of the population they are part of. They can be triggered either following stress or stochastically without external signals. The hallmark of persistent bacteria is the biphasic killing curve, a sign that, within a microbial population, two subpopulations are inactivated at a different rate. Furthermore, when plated into a fresh medium and in the absence of stressors, persistent bacteria typically remain in the lag phase longer before resuming active replication. This study aims to evaluate in vitro whether the formation of persistent cells in a strain of Listeria monocytogenes can be triggered by exposure to osmotic stress and if this phenomenon can increase heat resistance in the bacterial population. In a first experiment, the lag time distribution of a L. monocytogenes strain grown in a 6% NaCl broth was evaluated using the software ScanLag. A stationary phase broth culture was inoculated on agar plates placed on an office scanner inside an incubator at 37°C. The plates were scanned every 20’ for 4 days and the acquired images were automatically elaborated with the aid of MatLab software in order to evaluate the appearance times of every single colony. The experiment was also carried out on a control culture obtained by growing the strain in the broth without salt. In a second experiment, the same broth cultures, after proper dilutions to rebalance NaCl concentration, were subjected to a heat treatment at 51°C and the death curves obtained were parameterized using the GinaFit system. Results showed that the lag phase of 31.40% of the salt culture colonies was long enough to suppose the formation of persistent bacteria. Analyses of the thermal survival curves showed that the shoulder and tail model was the one that best represented the inactivation trend of the salt culture, unlike the control culture, whose trend was essentially linear. Results of the present study show how exposure to salt could induce the formation of persistent bacteria in a L. monocytogenes strain. The last raises concerns as persistent cells may not only be undetected with common analytical techniques but they even show a greater heat resistance.
CAPACITY BOUNDS AND SCALING LAWS OF WIRELESS RELAY NETWORKS

Driven by the fast-growing demand on wireless applications, cooperative relaying has recently received much attention. In this dissertation, cooperative relaying in MIMO systems and sensor networks is studied extensively, with focus on capacity bounds and scaling laws. The first thrust is on the capacity bounds of MIMO relay channels. First, a Gaussian MIMO relay channel model with fixed channel conditions is considered, and the corresponding upper bounds and lower bounds on the capacity are derived, which can be evaluated numerically. Next, an upper bound and a lower bound on the ergodic capacity are found when the channel links undergo Rayleigh fading. It is shown that the upper bound can meet the lower bound under certain conditions, indicating that the capacity can be characterized. Sufficient conditions for achieving the ergodic capacity are also investigated. The second thrust considers a wireless sensory relay network model that consists of one source node, one destination node and relay nodes. Different from existing work, the focus here is on the more realistic case where the relay nodes have no a priori knowledge of channel state information (CSI) for both the backward channels and the forward channels. An amplify-and-forward (AF) with network training relaying scheme is devised for cooperative relaying. The achievable rates and the scaling laws are characterized accordingly, in the joint asymptotic regime of the number of relay nodes n, the channel coherence interval L, and the bandwidth W . Due to frequency-selective fading, power allocation across the frequency subbands at relay nodes plays a critical role in the achievable rates. It is revealed that the scaling law can be characterized, if L/W is bounded below and W is sub-linear in n.
Nonlinear Aerodynamic Forces on the Flat Plate in Large Amplitude Oscillation

Nonlinear aerodynamic forces on the flat plate subjected to a forced torsional oscillation of asymptotically varying amplitude at high reduced velocities are investigated by using computational fluid dynamics method integrated with continuous wavelet transform method. The domain decomposition algorithm is used in the numerical simulation to accommodate large amplitude oscillation of plate. The continuous wavelet transform is used to extract the instantaneous amplitude and phase features from the computed time histories of the asymptotically aerodynamic forces on the plate. The results show that the computed characteristics of the aerodynamic forces are in good agreement with the available experimental data. The nonlinear features of the aerodynamic forces are well revealed by the present method.
Asymmetrical appearance of dark-cored filaments in sunspot penumbrae

Recent sunspot observations at unprecedented resolution have led to the discovery of dark cores in the bright filaments that form the penumbra (Scharmer et al. 2002). The discovery paper considered spots at disk center only, so the properties of the dark-cored filaments remain largely unknown. Here we analyze a speckle-reconstructed time series of G-band and blue continuum images of a sunspot acquired with the Dutch Open Telescope. The target was located at an heliocentric angle of 27 deg. We confirm the existence of dark-cored penumbral filaments also in spots outside the disk center, and report on distinct differences between the center and limb-side penumbra. In the inner center-side penumbra, filaments are detected as two narrow bright streaks separated by a central obscuration. These structures move together as a single entity. On the limb side, dark cores are hardly seen. The time series is used to determine the sizes (∼200-250 km), proper motions (∼280 m s -1 ), and lifetimes (≤45 min) of typical dark-cored filaments.
Transcriptomic Analysis of CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated PARP1-Knockout Cells under the Influence of Topotecan and TDP1 Inhibitor

Topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) is an enzyme that regulates DNA topology and is essential for replication, recombination, and other processes. The normal TOP1 catalytic cycle involves the formation of a short-lived covalent complex with the 3′ end of DNA (TOP1 cleavage complex, TOP1cc), which can be stabilized, resulting in cell death. This fact substantiates the effectiveness of anticancer drugs—TOP1 poisons, such as topotecan, that block the relegation of DNA and fix TOP1cc. Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) is able to eliminate TOP1cc. Thus, TDP1 interferes with the action of topotecan. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a key regulator of many processes in the cell, such as maintaining the integrity of the genome, regulation of the cell cycle, cell death, and others. PARP1 also controls the repair of TOP1cc. We performed a transcriptomic analysis of wild type and PARP1 knockout HEK293A cells treated with topotecan and TDP1 inhibitor OL9-119 alone and in combination. The largest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs, about 4000 both up- and down-regulated genes) was found in knockout cells. Topotecan and OL9-119 treatment elicited significantly fewer DEGs in WT cells and negligible DEGs in PARP1-KO cells. A significant part of the changes caused by PARP1-KO affected the synthesis and processing of proteins. Differences under the action of treatment with TOP1 or TDP1 inhibitors alone were found in the signaling pathways for the development of cancer, DNA repair, and the proteasome. The drug combination resulted in DEGs in the ribosome, proteasome, spliceosome, and oxidative phosphorylation pathways.
The Infrared Emission-Line Spectrum of gamma Cassiopeiae

The near-IR spectrum of Gamma Cas contains emission lines of H I, He I, and Mg II. No lines of low-excitation species, such as are found in cool and dense environments, are detected. At the time of the observations,the observed Br-alpha and Br-gamma profiles were double-peaked, with V/R roughly 0.5 and FWHM roughly 260 km/s. The Br-gamma line profile varied significantly over the 4.5 month interval between the observations and those published by Chabaev and Maillard in 1985. The IR hydrogen line fluxes indicate that these lines are formed in a small, dense, optically thick region where the density of ionized gas declines sharply with distance from the star. Both the line profiles and fluxes are shown to be inconsistent with the predictions of standard stellar wind theory, but are in qualitative agreement with a rotating disk model such as was proposed in 1978 by Poeckert and Marlborough. The observations are discussed briefly in terms of their similarities and differences with the IR emission-line spectra of luminous young stellar objects. 40 references.
Spin Determination at the Large Hadron Collider

The quantum field theory describing the Electroweak sector demands some new physics at the TeV scale in order to unitarize the scattering of longitudinal W bosons. If this new physics takes the form of a scalar Higgs boson then it is hard to understand the huge hierarchy of scales between the Electroweak scale ∼ TeV and the Planck scale ∼ 10 GeV. This is known as the Naturalness problem. Normally, in order to solve this problem, new particles, in addition to the Higgs boson, are required to be present in the spectrum below a few TeV. If such particles are indeed discovered at the Large Hadron Collider it will become important to determine their spin. Several classes of models for physics beyond the Electroweak scale exist. Determining the spin of any such newly discovered particle could prove to be the only means of distinguishing between these different models. In the first part of this thesis, we present a thorough discussion regarding such a measurement. We survey the different potentially useful channels for spin determination and a detailed analysis of the most promising channel is performed. The Littlest Higgs model offers a way to solve the Hierarchy problem by introducing heavy partners to Standard Model particles with the same spin and quantum numbers. However, this model is only good up to ∼ 10 TeV. In the second part of
Loss of Peroxiredoxin IV Protects Mice from Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colorectal Cancer Development

Peroxiredoxin IV (Prx4), a typical two-cysteine-containing member of the peroxidase family, functions as an antioxidant to maintain cellular redox homeostasis through the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via cycles of oxidation–reduction reactions. Under oxidative stress, all Prxs including Prx4 are inactivated as their catalytic cysteines undergo hyperoxidation, and hyperoxidized two-cysteine Prxs can be exclusively repaired and revitalized through the reduction cycle catalyzed by sulfiredoxin (Srx). Previously, we showed that Prx4 is a preferred substrate of Srx, and knockout of Srx in mice leads to resistance to azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colon carcinogenesis. To further understand the significance of the Srx/Prx4 axis in colorectal cancer development, Prx4−/− mice were established and subjected to standard AOM/DSS protocol. Compared with wildtype littermates, mice with Prx4−/− genotype had significantly fewer and smaller tumors. Histopathological analysis revealed that loss of Prx4 leads to increased cell death through lipid peroxidation and lower infiltration of inflammatory cells in the knockout tumors compared to wildtype. Treatment with DSS alone also showed decreased infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes in the colon of knockout mice, suggesting a role for Prx4 in inflammatory response. In addition, loss of Prx4 caused alterations in plasma cytokines and chemokines after DSS and AOM/DSS treatments. These findings suggest that loss of Prx4 protects mice from AOM/DSS-induced colon tumorigenesis. Thus, targeting Prx4 may provide novel strategies for colon cancer prevention and treatment.