Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultrathin GaAs solar cells with a nanostructured back mirror

We have designed and fabricated ultra-thin (t=120-220nm) GaAs solar cells. Multi-resonant light trapping is achieved with a nanostructured silver back mirror. The short-circuit current predicted by numerical calculations is Jsc=24.9mA/cm2 for t=220nm. The nanostructured silver mirror is combined with localized ohmic contacts. Ultra-thin GaAs solar cells are patterned by soft nano-imprint lithography and transferred on a glass substrate. Short-circuit currents above 21mA/cm2 have been measured on 220nm-thick solar cells.
Yeast Phytases: Present Scenario and Future Perspectives

ABSTRACT Phytases hydrolyze phytates to liberate soluble and thus readily utilizable inorganic phosphate. Although phytases are produced by various groups of microbes, yeasts being simple eukaryotes and mostly non-pathogenic with proven probiotic benefits can serve as ideal candidates for phytase research. The full potential of yeast phytases has not, however, been exploited. This review focuses attention on the present status of knowledge on the production, characterization, molecular characteristics, and cloning and over-expression of yeast phytases. Several potential applications of the yeast phytases in feeds and foods, and in the synthesis of lower myo-inositol phosphates are also discussed.
Orientation dependence of shock induced dislocations in tantalum single crystals

A planar shock wave with a peak pressure of 6.2 GPa and duration of 1.7 μs followed by a lateral release wave generates profuse dislocations in single crystalline tantalum. Three orientations [100], [110], [111] were tested to examine the orientation dependence of the dislocation generation. The dislocations were characterised by transmission electron microscopy. The Burgers vectors and morphology of the primary dislocations in the specimens with different orientations showed a distinct orientation dependence and will be discussed in light of the model of slip behaviour in one-dimensional strain of C.S. Smith [1].
Syntactic soundness proof of a type-and-capability system with hidden state

This paper presents a formal definition and machine-checked soundness proof for a very expressive type-and-capability system, that is, a low-level type system that keeps precise track of ownership and side effects. The programming language has first-class functions and references. The type system's features include the following: universal, existential, and recursive types; subtyping; a distinction between affine and unrestricted data; support for strong updates; support for naming values and heap fragments via singleton and group regions; a distinction between ordinary values which exist at runtime and capabilities which do not; support for dynamic reorganizations of the ownership hierarchy by disassembling and reassembling capabilities; and support for temporarily or permanently hiding a capability via frame and anti-frame rules. One contribution of the paper is the definition of the type-and-capability system itself. We present the system as modularly as possible. In particular, at the core of the system, the treatment of affinity, in the style of dual intuitionistic linear logic, is formulated in terms of an arbitrary monotonic separation algebra, a novel axiomatization of resources, ownership, and the manner in which they evolve with time. Only the peripheral layers of the system are aware that we are dealing with a specific monotonic separation algebra, whose resources are references and regions. This semi-abstract organization should facilitate further extensions of the system with new forms of resources. The other main contribution is a machine-checked proof of type soundness. The proof is carried out in the Wright and Felleisen's syntactic style. This offers an evidence that this relatively simple-minded proof technique can scale up to systems of this complexity, and constitutes a viable alternative to more sophisticated semantic proof techniques. We do not claim that the syntactic technique is superior: We simply illustrate how it is used and highlight its strengths and shortcomings.
Simulation of the austenite-ferrite transformation; effect of applied stress

The austenite ferrite transformation has been investigated by means of atomistic simulations. Two dimensional nucleation of ferrite and the growth of ferrite at the austenite-ferrite interface under applied stress has been simulated. Die Austenit-Ferrit Umwandlung wurde mithilfe atomaren Simulationen untersucht. Zweidimensionale Keimbildung des Ferrits und die Wachstum des Ferrits am Austenit-Ferritgrenzflaeche unter angelegter Spannung wurde simuliert.
Machinability of a near beta titanium alloy

In this paper, the machinability of a near beta Ti25Nb3Mo3Zr2Sn titanium alloy with different heat treatment histories has been investigated in terms of cutting force, chip temperature and chip formation. A solution treatment was performed followed by ageing at different temperatures for the near beta alloy. It has been shown that the same alloy behaves differently during machining at various cutting speeds after different heat treatments. The observations have been explained in terms of friction effects and the hardness of the materials. It has been concluded that the ductility of a workpiece plays a significant role in determining its machinability. High friction at the tool–chip interface in a ductile workpiece resulted in a higher degree of chip segmentation and a larger undeformed surface length in each chip.
The shield that never was: societies with single-peaked preferences are more open to manipulation and control

Much work has been devoted, during the past twenty years, to using complexity to protect elections from manipulation and control. Many results have been obtained showing NP-hardness shields, and recently there has been much focus on whether such worst-case hardness protections can be bypassed by frequently correct heuristics or by approximations. This paper takes a very different approach: We argue that when electorates follow the canonical political science model of societal preferences the complexity shield never existed in the first place. In particular, we show that for electorates having single-peaked preferences, many existing NP-hardness results on manipulation and control evaporate.
ECG signal decomposition using PCA and ICA

This paper covers the fundamental concepts involved in Independent Component analysis (ICA) and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) techniques and review its applications. ICA is used Separation of source signal from mixture signals. These mixture of signals may consists of source signals, sensor signals, surface signals etc. ICA consists a higher order statistics which performs its function by making the signal components independent to each other but for the lower order statistics there is also a technique called as PCA (Principle Component Analysis) that performs uncorrelation in signal components. In this Paper, we describe the working of PCA with flowcharts and tried find out principle components of an ECG signal with its Kurtosis value.
K‐ras mutations in human adenocarcinoma of the lung: Association with smoking and occupational exposure to asbestos

We investigated point mutational activation of the ras genes (K‐ras codons 12, 13 and 61; N‐ras codons 12, 13 and 61; H‐ras codons 12 and 61) in primary, resected lung cancer by dot blotting and oligonucleotide hybridization. K‐ras mutations were found in 14 (29%) of the 48 lung tumour specimens examined, but no N‐ras or H‐ras mutations were found. The highest frequency of K‐ras mutation was observed in adenocarcinoma: 12 of the 21 samples studied (57%) had a mutation, which is one of the highest frequencies reported for lung adenocarcinoma. The commonest type of mutation in these lung tumour samples consisted of transversions: we observed 11, of which 8 (57% of all mutations) were G to T transversions. Most of the 48 patients studied had a history of heavy smoking, either with or without evidence of occupational exposure to asbestos. Statistical analysis revealed‐in addition to the highly significant association between the adenocarcinoma type of lung cancer and K‐ras mutation‐a clear association of K‐ras mutations with heavy life‐time smoking (≥50 pack‐years of cigarette smoking; odds ratio (OR) 4.9, 90% CI 1.2 ‐ 19.5, multivariate analysis). In addition, occupational asbestos exposure showed an elevated, but non‐significant, OR of 2.2 (90% CI 0.6 ‐ 8.7) with the presence of K‐ras mutation. We conclude that the occurrence of K‐ras mutations in adenocarcinoma of the lung is frequent, and that such mutations are associated with heavy life‐time exposure to tobacco smoke, possibly in combination with occupational exposure to asbestos fibres.
Artificial Induction of Associative Olfactory Memory by Optogenetic and Thermogenetic Activation of Olfactory Sensory Neurons and Octopaminergic Neurons in Drosophila Larvae

The larval brain of Drosophila melanogaster provides an excellent system for the study of the neurocircuitry mechanism of memory. Recent development of neurogenetic techniques in fruit flies enables manipulations of neuronal activities in freely behaving animals. This protocol describes detailed steps for artificial induction of olfactory associative memory in Drosophila larvae. In this protocol, the natural reward signal is substituted by thermogenetic activation of octopaminergic neurons in the brain. In parallel, the odor signal is substituted by optogenetic activation of a specific class of olfactory receptor neurons. Association of reward and odor stimuli is achieved with the concomitant application of blue light and heat that leads to activation of both sets of neurons in living transgenic larvae. Given its operational simplicity and robustness, this method could be utilized to further our knowledge on the neurocircuitry mechanism of memory in the fly brain.
Progressive Erosion of β-Cell Function Precedes the Onset of Hyperglycemia in the NOD Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE A progressive decline in insulin responses to glucose was noted in individuals before the onset of type 1 diabetes. We determined whether such abnormalities occurred in prediabetic NOD mice—the prototypic model for human type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Morning blood glucose was measured every other day in a cohort of NOD females. Glucose tolerance and insulin secretion were measured longitudinally by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests in NOD/ShiLtJ and BALB/cJ mice 6 to 14 weeks of age. Arginine-stimulated insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity were assessed during intraperitoneal arginine or intraperitoneal insulin tolerance tests. RESULTS During prediabetes, NOD females displayed a progressive increase in glucose levels followed by an acute onset of hyperglycemia. First-phase insulin responses (FPIRs) during the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) declined before loss of glucose tolerance in NOD. The failure of FPIR could be detected, with a decline in peak insulin secretion during IPGTT. Arginine-stimulated insulin secretion remained unchanged during the study period. The decline in insulin secretion in NOD mice could not be explained by changes in insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS There was an impressive decline in FPIR before changes in glucose tolerance, suggesting that impairment of FPIR is an early in vivo marker of progressive β-cell failure in NOD mice and human type 1 diabetes. We portend that these phenotypes in NOD mice follow a similar pattern to those seen in humans with type 1 diabetes and validate, in a novel way, the importance of this animal model for studies of this disease.
Rapid Detection of the mt3243A > G Mutation Using Urine Sediment in Elderly Chinese Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Objective In this study, we aimed to identify mt3243A > G mutation carriers in a group of Chinese elderly type 2 diabetic patients by a rapid and noninvasive diagnostic system. Methods DNA was extracted from blood, saliva, and urine sediment samples. The mutation screening and quantitation of heteroplasmy were performed by high-resolution melting (HRM) curve and pyrosequencing, respectively. Patients with mt3243A > G mutation underwent a detailed audiometric, ophthalmologic, neurological, and cardiac examination. Results Two patients (2/1041) carrying the mt3243A > G mutation were detected among all type 2 diabetic patients. In patient 1, the heteroplasmy was 0.8%, 2.8%, and 14.7% in peripheral blood leukocytes, saliva, and urine sediment, respectively. In patient 2, the heteroplasmy was 5.3%, 8.4%, and 37.7% in peripheral blood leukocytes, saliva, and urine sediment, respectively. Both of the two patients showed hearing impairment. Abnormal ophthalmologic conditions and hyperintensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images were showed in patient 1. Conclusion The occurrence of mt3243 A > G mutation was 0.2% in Chinese elderly type 2 diabetic patients. Moreover, detection of mt3243 A > G mutation in urine sediment with high-resolution melting (HRM) curve and pyrosequencing is feasible in molecular genetic diagnosis.
Rapid Tooling Technologies in the Processing of Thermoplastic Polymers

Thousands of people are affected by the newest achievements of material science and manufacturing technologies each year in the form of biomedical implants. In this field, the aim of developement is to create individual implants to satisfy the geometrical and adapting requirements of the patient. This manufacturing process has been recently improved by shortening the cycle time and using cost effective methods. Biocompatible thermoplastic polymers can be shaped with hot pressing technique. Rapid Tooling was used to create a forming tool for manufacturing process. 3D Printing was used to fabricate the computer generated forming tool. This tool was reinforced by infiltrating it with an epoxy resin. Different epoxy resins were examined to secure the best mechanical properties of this tool. Then the reinforced tool was used for hot pressing of the biocompatible thermoplastic polymer, poly(ε-caprolactone).
A memristor-based TCAM (Ternary Content Addressable Memory) cell

This paper presents a Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM) cell that employs memristors as storage element. The TCAM cell requires two memristors in series to perform the traditional memory operations (read and write) as well as the search and matching operations for TCAM; this memory cell is analyzed with respect to different features (such as memristance range and voltage threshold) of the memristors to process fast and efficiently the ternary data. A comprehensive simulation based assessment of this cell is pursued by HSPICE. Comparison with other memristor-based CAMs as well as CMOS-based TCAMs shows that the proposed cell offers significant advantages in terms of power dissipation, reduced transistor count and search/match operation performance.
Graph-based Object Tracking Using Structural Pattern Recognition

This paper proposes a model-based methodology for recognizing and tracking objects in digital image sequences. Objects are represented by attributed relational graphs (or ARGs), which carry both local and relational information about them. The recognition is performed by inexact graph matching, which consists in finding an approximate homomorphism between ARGs derived from an input video and a model image. Searching for a suitable homomorphism is achieved through a tree-search optimization algorithm and the minimization of a pre-defined cost function. Motion smoothness between successive frames is exploited to achieve the recognition over the whole sequence, with improved spatio-temporal coherence.
Minimum-deflection grasps and fixtures

This paper presents an approach to planning compliant grasps and fixtures in which the object exhibits minimal deflection under external disturbances. The approach, which applies to general two- and three-dimensional grasps and fixtures represented by any quasi-rigid compliance model, employs a quality measure that characterises the grasped or fixtured object's worst-case deflection caused by disturbing wrenches lying in the unit wrench ball. To ensure well-defined notions of deflection and wrench balls, frame-invariant rigid body velocity and wrench norms are used. As illustrated by its application to fixtures of polygonal objects, our minimum-deflection approach can be effectively applied to planning grasps and fixtures where deflection significantly influences performance.
Stent Angioplasty for Cervical Carotid Artery Stenosis in High-Risk Symptomatic NASCET-Ineligible Patients

Background and Purpose Although the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) has shown carotid endarterectomy (CEA) to be protective compared with medical therapy alone, its stringent eligibility criteria excluded patients with severe medical, angiographic, and neurological risk factors. We sought to determine the safety and efficacy of stent angioplasty in this high-risk subset for whom the perioperative morbidity and mortality of surgery are elevated. Methods Twenty-eight consecutive symptomatic NASCET-ineligible patients (10 female; median age, 72.2 years) underwent microcatheter-based carotid stent angioplasty. Half of the patients had sustained a previous stroke. Classification of surgical risk by Sundt criteria yielded no patients in grade 1, 3 patients in grade 2 (10.7%), 8 in grade 3 (28.6%), and 17 (60.7%) in grade 4. Stratification of stroke risk for medical therapy according to the European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST) 5-point score showed 8 patients with a score of 3 (28.6%), 12 with 4 (42.8%), and 8 with 5 (28.6%). Follow-up was obtained in all patients at a median of 14 months. Results The procedure was technically successful in all cases (100%), with immediate stenosis reduction from a mean of 80.3% to 2.7%. There were no periprocedural deaths, 1 major stroke (3.6%), no minor strokes, and 3 transient ischemic attacks (10.7%). In-hospital complications included 2 nonfatal myocardial infarctions, 1 case of acute renal failure, and 1 groin hematoma requiring transfusion. There were 5 deaths during the follow-up period, all beyond 30 days after the procedure: 3 from cardiac causes, 1 from lung cancer, and 1 following unrelated surgery. The patient with major stroke died at 7.8 months during rehabilitation. No surviving patients had further strokes, and all except 1 (95.5%) remained asymptomatic. Anatomic follow-up in 20 patients showed occlusion in 2 (10%) (1 symptomatic, 1 asymptomatic) and intimal hyperplasia in 3 asymptomatic patients (15%). Conclusions The clinical results and sustained freedom from symptoms and stroke during the short available follow-up period suggest that stent angioplasty may be useful in the treatment of symptomatic cervical carotid stenosis in high-risk patients despite a notable incidence of restenosis.
2SLS estimation for the GWR-SL model

This paper set up a 2SLS framework to estimate and infer GWR-SL model (Geographically Weighted Regression with Spatially Lagged Objective Variable Model). 2SLS estimates can effectively reduce the computational complexity, and solved the unknown error distribution restrictions, expanding the GWR-SL model's estimation method.
Triangulation and embedding using small sets of beacons

Concurrent with recent theoretical interest in the problem of metric embedding, a growing body of research in the networking community has studied the distance matrix defined by node-to-node latencies in the Internet, resulting in a number of recent approaches that approximately embed this distance matrix into low-dimensional Euclidean space. Here we give algorithms with provable performance guarantees for beacon-based triangulation and embedding. We show that in addition to multiplicative error in the distances, performance guarantees for beacon-based algorithms typically must include a notion of slack - a certain fraction of all distances may be arbitrarily distorted. For metrics of bounded doubling dimension (which have been proposed as a reasonable abstraction of Internet latencies), we show that triangulation-based reconstruction with a constant number of beacons can achieve multiplicative error 1 + /spl delta/ on a 1 - /spl epsiv/ fraction of distances, for arbitrarily small constants /spl delta/ and /spl epsiv/. For this same class of metrics, we give a beacon-based embedding algorithm that achieves constant distortion on a 1 - /spl epsiv/ fraction of distances; this provides some theoretical justification for the success of the recent global network positioning algorithm of Ng and Zhang, and it forms an interesting contrast with lower bounds showing that it is not possible to embed all distances in a doubling metric with constant distortion. We also give results for other classes of metrics, as well as distributed algorithms that require only a sparse set of distances but do not place too much measurement load on any one node.
Advanced biomaterials in biomedical engineering and drug delivery systems

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