Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Confidential Computing in Edge-Cloud Hierarchy

The paper introduces confidential computing approaches focused on protecting hierarchical data within edge-cloud network. Edge-cloud network suggests splitting and sharing data between the main cloud and the range of networks near the endpoint devices. The proposed solutions allow data in this two-level hierarchy to be protected via embedding traditional encryption at rest and in transit while leaving the remaining security issues, such as sensitive data and operations in use, in the scope of trusted execution environment. Hierarchical data for each network device are linked and identified through distinct paths between edge and main cloud using individual blockchain. Methods for data and cryptographic key splitting between the edge and the main cloud are based on strong authentication techniques ensuring the shared data confidentiality, integrity and availability.
Ellipsis: A survey of analytical approaches

and Keywords This chapter surveys a variety of approaches to ellipsis, classifying them by how they an­ swer the questions of structure (‘Is there structure inside ellipsis sites? ’) and identity (‘What kind of identity, if any, holds between an ellipsis and its antecedent? ’). It reviews the evidence for and against structure in ellipsis, from lower infinitivals and predicate an­ swers. While the results are mixed, on the whole, the preponderance of the evidence sug­ gests that the analysis of the full range of facts of ellipsis requires reference to syntactic structure.
Cross-Cultural Behavior Analysis of Street-Crossing Pedestrians in Japan and Germany

Software solutions for advanced driver assistant systems should be culturally fair, in particular when perceiving and reacting to pedestrians. To ensure the generation of suitable training and testing scenarios, a detailed understanding of pedestrian behavior and cultural differences in behavior must be established. However, direct comparisons between the populations in different countries are scarce and complicated to conduct in real environments. In this work, we present the first cross-cultural pedestrian behavior study analyzing and comparing pedestrian behavior between Japanese and German pedestrians. For this purpose, a new and large-scale virtual reality (VR) environment was created and the same experiment was conducted in Germany and in Japan. We identified new insights in gap selection, choice of velocity, following behavior, and route choice. Particularly for the route choice adjacent to zebra crossings, the differences between Japanese and German pedestrians are more complex than past studies might suggest. In addition, the data captured in the VR environment can be directly utilized to train and test algorithms used in intelligent vehicles in a digital domain.
Developments in synchrotron x-ray micro-tomography for in-situ materials analysis at the Advanced Light Source

The Advanced Light Source (ALS) is a third-generation synchrotron X-ray source that operates as a user facility with more than 40 beamlines hosting over 2000 users per year. Synchrotron sources like the ALS provide high quality X-ray beams, with flux that is several orders of magnitude higher than lab-based sources. This is particularly advantageous for dynamic applications because it allows for high-speed, high-resolution imaging and microscale tomography. The hard X-ray beamline 8.3. 2 at the Advanced Light Source enables imaging of samples at high temperatures and pressures, with mechanical loading and other realistic conditions using environmental test cells. These test cells enable experimental observation of samples undergoing dynamic microstructural changes in-situ. We present recent instrumentation developments that allow for continuous tomography with scan rates approaching 1 Hz per 3D image. In addition, our use of iterative reconstruction techniques allows for improved image quality despite fewer images and low exposure times used during fast tomography compared to traditional Fourier reconstruction methods.
FIVE-DIMENSIONAL STRING COSMOLOGICAL MODELS WITH MASSIVE SCALAR FIELD

We have constructed ﬁve-dimensional plane-symmetric cosmological models in the presence of massive scalar ﬁeld in Lyra manifold when the source of the gravitational ﬁeld is a massive string with ρ = (1 + ω ) λ (Takabayasi string). The role of massive scalar ﬁeld in the evolution of the universe has been studied. The physical and kinematical behavior of the models is discussed.
Simulated stable water isotopes during the mid-Holocene and pre-industrial using AWI-ESM-2.1-wiso

Numerical simulations employing prognostic stable water isotopes can not only facilitate our understanding of hydrological processes and climate change but also allow for a straightforward comparison between isotope signals obtained from models and various archives. In the current work, we describe the performance and explore the potential of a new version of the Earth system model AWI-ESM, labeled AWI-ESM-wiso, in which we incorporated three isotope tracers into all relevant components of the water cycle. We present here the results of pre-industrial (PI) and mid-Holocene (MH) simulations. The model 5 well reproduces the observed PI isotope compositions in both precipitation and sea water, and captures their major differences from the MH condition. The simulated relationship between the isotope composition in precipitation ( δ 18 O p ) and surface air temperature is very similar between the PI and MH conditions, and largely consistent with modern observations despite some regional model biases. The ratio of the MH-PI difference in δ 18 O p to the MH-PI difference in surface air temperature is reasonable over Greenland and Antarctica only when summertime air temperature is considered. An amount effect is evident over 10 the North Africa monsoon domain, where a negative correlation between δ 18 O p and the amount of precipitation is simulated. As an
Gastroprotective Effect of Tadalafil on Wistar Rat of Stress-Induced Gastric Ulcer

-This study was carried out to investigate the gastro protective property of tadalafil in stress – induced gastric ulcer. The wistar rats of male sex (wt =180 – 252 g) were divided into 6 groups (n= 5) and pretreated with the drugs for two weeks prior to gastric ulcer induction. Food was withdrawn 24 h and water 2 h before the commencement of the experiment. Group 1 received control (distilled water); Group 2 and 3 received Tadalafil (50 and 100mg/kg); Group 4 and 5 received tadalafil (50 and 100mg/kg) + Omeprazole 1.75mg/kg) and Group 6 received positive control/ standard Omeprazole (30mg/kg). The ulceration was induced with0.5 ml of 95% ethanol and 0.25 g/kg reserpine respectively on end the 14 days pretreatment course, 1h after the last dose. The ulceration was induced by immersion and mobilization at the end of the 14 days pretreatment course, 1h after the last dose of drugs was given. All drugs were administered through the aid of orogastric cannula.
Balloon-borne observations of acoustic-gravity waves from the 2022 Hunga Tonga eruption in the stratosphere

The 15 January 2022 explosion of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (HT-HH) volcano generated an extreme, quasi-instantaneous perturbation of the atmosphere. As part of its adjustment following the eruption, a rich spectrum of waves radiated away from HT-HH and achieved worldwide propagation. Among numerous platforms monitoring the event, two long-duration stratospheric balloons ﬂying over the tropical Paciﬁc provided unique observations of Lamb and infrasonic wave arrivals, detecting three revolutions of the Lamb wave and ﬁve of infrasound waves. Combined with ground measurements from the infrasound network of the International Monitoring System, such observations bring precious insights into the eruption process (chronology and altitude of energy release), and highlight previously unobserved long-range propagation of infrasound modes triggered by the eruption and their dispersion patterns. A comparison between ground- and balloon-based measurements emphasizes generally larger signal-to-noise ratios onboard the balloons and further demonstrates their potential for infrasound studies.
Using machine learning to construct TOMCAT model and occultation measurement-based stratospheric methane (TCOM-CH4) and nitrous oxide (TCOM-N2O) profile data sets

Abstract. Monitoring the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is crucial to improve our understanding of their climate impact. However, there are no long-term profile data sets of important GHGs that can be used to gain a better insight into the processes controlling their variations in the atmosphere. In this study, we apply corrections to chemical transport model (CTM) output based on profile measurements from two solar occultation instruments: the HALogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) and the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment – Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS). The goal is to construct long-term (1991–2021), gap-free stratospheric profile data sets, hereafter referred to as TCOM, for two important GHGs. To estimate the corrections that need to be applied to the CTM profiles, we use the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) regression model. For methane (TCOM-CH4), we utilize both HALOE and ACE satellite profile measurements from 1992 to 2018 to train the XGBoost model, while profiles from 2019 to 2021 serve as an independent evaluation data set. As there are no nitrous oxide (N2O) profile measurements for earlier years, we derive XGBoost-derived correction terms to construct TCOM-N2O profiles using only ACE-FTS profiles from the 2004–2018 time period, with profiles from 2019–2021 used for the independent evaluation. Overall, both TCOM-CH4 and TCOM-N2O profiles exhibit excellent agreement with the available satellite-measurement-based data sets. We find that compared to evaluation profiles, biases in TCOM-CH4 and TCOM-N2O are generally less than 10 % and 50 %, respectively, throughout the stratosphere. The daily zonal mean profile data sets, covering altitude (15–60 km) and pressure (300–0.1 hPa) levels, are publicly available via the following links: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7293740 for TCOM-CH4 (Dhomse, 2022a) and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7386001 for TCOM-N2O (Dhomse, 2022b).
Evaluating different geothermal heat-flow maps as basal boundary conditions during spin-up of the Greenland ice sheet

Abstract. There is currently poor scientific agreement on whether the ice–bed interface is frozen or thawed beneath approximately one third of the Greenland ice sheet. This disagreement in basal thermal state results, at least partly, from differences in the subglacial geothermal heat-flow basal boundary condition used in different ice-flow models. Here, we employ seven widely used Greenland geothermal heat-flow maps in 10 000-year spin-ups of the Community Ice Sheet Model (CISM). We perform two spin-ups: one nudged toward thickness observations and the other unconstrained. Across the seven heat-flow maps, and regardless of unconstrained or nudged spin-up, the spread in basal ice temperatures exceeds 10 ∘C over large areas of the ice–bed interface. For a given heat-flow map, the thawed-bed ice-sheet area is consistently larger under unconstrained spin-ups than nudged spin-ups. Under the unconstrained spin-up, thawed-bed area ranges from 33.5 % to 60.0 % across the seven heat-flow maps. Perhaps counterintuitively, the highest iceberg calving fluxes are associated with the lowest heat flows (and vice versa) for both unconstrained and nudged spin-ups. These results highlight the direct, and non-trivial, influence of the heat-flow boundary condition on the simulated equilibrium thermal state of the ice sheet. We suggest that future ice-flow model intercomparisons should employ a range of basal heat-flow maps, and limit direct intercomparisons with simulations using a common heat-flow map.
Pushing the Nyquist-Shannon limit: exploiting multi-fidelity observations to provide high-resolution weather maps for climate services, early warning centres and weather forecasts

The pursue of a higher-resolution gridded climate data and weather forecast requires an unprecedented number of surface observations to model the sub-mesoscale. National meteorological services (NMS) have practical and financial limitations to the number of observations it can collect, therefore, opening the door to crowdsourced weather initiatives might be an interesting option to mitigate data scarcity. In recent years, scientists have made remarkable efforts at assessing the quality of crowdsourced collections and determining ways these can add value to the “daily business” of NMS. In this work, we develop and apply a multi-fidelity spatial regression method capable of combining official observations with crowdsourced observations, which enables the creation of high-resolution interpolations of weather variables. The availability of a sheer volume of crowdsourced observations also poses questions on what is the maximum weather complexity that can be modelled with these novel data sources. We include a structured theoretical analysis simulating increasingly complex weather patterns that uses the Shannon-Nyquist limit as a benchmark. Results show that the combination of
Response to Anonymous reviewers for the manuscript: A frame- work for time-dependent Ice Sheet Uncertainty Quantification, applied to three West Antarctic ice streams by Beatriz Recinos

Ice sheet models are the main tool to generate forecasts of ice sheet mass loss; a significant contributor to sea-level rise, thus knowing the likelihood of such projections is of critical societal importance. However, to capture the complete range of possible projections of mass loss, ice sheet models need efficient methods to quantify the forecast uncertainty. Uncertainties originate from the model structure, from the climate and ocean forcing used to run the model and from model calibration. Here we quantify the latter, applying an error propagation framework to a realistic setting in West Antarctica. As in many other ice5 sheet modelling studies we use a control method to calibrate grid-scale flow parameters (parameters describing the basal drag and ice stiffness) with remotely-sensed observations. Yet our framework augments the control method with a Hessian-based Bayesian approach that estimates the posterior covariance of the inverted parameters. This enables us to quantify the impact of the calibration uncertainty on forecasts of sea-level rise contribution or volume above flotation (VAF), due to the choice of different regularisation strengths (prior strengths), sliding laws and velocity inputs. We find that by choosing different satellite 10 ice velocity products our model leads to different estimates of VAF after 40 years. We use this difference in model output to quantify the variance that projections of VAF are expected to have after 40 years and identify prior strengths that can reproduce that variability. We demonstrate that if we use prior strengths suggested by L-curve analysis, as is typically done in ice-sheet calibration studies, our uncertainty quantification is not able to reproduce that same variability. The regularisation suggested by the L-curves is too strong and thus propagating the observational error through to VAF uncertainties under this choice of prior 15 leads to errors that are smaller than those suggested by our 2-member “sample” of observed velocity fields. Additionally, our experiments suggest that large amounts of data points may be redundant, with implications for the error propagation of VAF.
Equivalence Checking of Majority-based Function Mapping on ReRAM Crossbars

Recent developments in Resistive Random Access Memory (ReRAM) technology have led to the fabrication of large-scale crossbar structures. The processor-memory speed gap in conventional computer architectures can be bridged using in-memory computing on ReRAM crossbars, with suitable mitigation of unwanted sneak path currents. Synthesis of Boolean functions and mapping them to such crossbars have been investigated by researchers. However, very little effort has been put in towards verification of such mapping approaches. For smaller designs, the verification of mapping is typically carried out through manual inspection and simulation. This is an important problem to address as real world designs are complex and require proper design verification. As such manual inspection and simulation based methods for larger designs are not practical. In this summary paper, we report an automated equivalence checking approach for majority-based in-memory designs on ReRAM crossbars, which was published recently. First, we introduce an intermediate data structure called ReRAM Sequence Graph (ReSG) to represent the logic-in-memory operations, which in turn is translated into Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) formulas. These formulas are verified against the original function specification using Z3 Satisfiability solver. The proposed approach has been validated by running on widely available benchmarks.
Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) climate

This manuscript describes studies to reduce satellite retrieved cloud fraction inconsistencies across different products over the Artic region. The inconsistencies can be attributed to differences in sensors, retrieval algorithms, orbital drifts, etc. The authors apply cumulative distribution function (CDF) matching and the Bayesian maximum entropy (BME) method to produce a synthetic monthly 1°×1° cloud fraction fusion dataset in the Arctic during 2000–2020, by utilizing CALIPSO-GEWEX and ground observations as truth data. It is known that there are large uncertainties in cloud fractions derived from passive satellite observations in the Arctic region. The fusion product from this study provides high quality data for the scientific community to use and makes an important contribution. The manuscript is organized and well written. I recommend to accept this manuscript subject to minor but necessary revisions. Response: Thank you for your positive and constructive comments on our manuscript, which given us more confidence in our current and future researches. And we also appreciate your doubts, which helped us think more deeply about the value of this study and improve the quality of the manuscript. We carefully responded your questions about the time period of ICOADS, and we added the uncertainty estimates about the fusion cloud fraction, as well as other questions. We take a revision about the original manuscript according to your comments. Please see the point-by-point responses for details.
School Desegregation and Long-Run Health

I investigate the impact of court-ordered school desegregation that followed Brown v. Board of Education (1954) on long-run health outcomes and behaviors among Black Americans. Using detailed survey data on adults older than 50 years old from the Health and Retirement Study and a difference-in-differences design, I find that desegregation improved Black self-reported health, preventive care use, and mortality decades later. I find no detectable changes in chronic conditions or unhealthy behaviors such as smoking and drinking. Across demographic subgroups, Black self-reported health improvements are related to desegregation’s positive effects on racial integration and high school completion, but changes in preventive care and mortality are not. Therefore, while desegregation’s consequences for educational attainment may have facilitated improvements in some health outcomes, desegregation itself was also important for health, independent of its educational impacts.
EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale

This paper uses data from Matlab, Bangladesh to examine the characteristics of female-headed households and estimate the impact of female-headship on children’s schooling. Female household-heads in Matlab fall into two broad groups: widows and married women, most of whom are wives of migrants. These women differ from each other not only in their current socio-economic circumstances, but also in their backgrounds and circumstances prior to getting married. To identify the effects of female-headship on children’s outcomes, I use a two-stage least squares strategy that controls for the possible endogeneity of both types of female-headship. Results indicate that children residing in households headed by married women have stronger schooling attainments than children in other households, while children of widows are more likely to work outside the home. The hypothesis of exogeneity of female-headship is rejected in most cases.
Role of Salinity in Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) Bioconcentration between Aquatic Species and the Differential Regulation of Transporters in Fundulus Heteroclitus

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent organic pollutant that is known for its surfactant properties and resistance to degradation. PFOS’s persistence in surface waters has led to its bioaccumulation in aquatic invertebrates and fish, which in turn leads to its accumulation and toxic effects in humans that consume fish. In this study, we compare the bioconcentration of PFOS between the the aquatic invertebrate, Daphnia magna and the estuarine fish species, Fundulus heteroclitus, and between saltwater and freshwater-acclimated F. heteroclitus. Differences in PFOS bioconcentration between freshwater and saltwater fish is not well studied and the estuarine fish species Fundulus heteroclitus (mummichog) known for its adaptation to both hypertonic and hypotonic environments makes an ideal organismal model to determine differences in the bioconcentration of PFOS in saltwater compared to freshwater because the experiments can be performed in the same species. F. heteroclitus were acclimated to both saltwater (23-26 ppt) and freshwater (moderately hard water; 0.143 ppt) conditions for 30 days before being treated with PFOS for 20 days to determine bioconcentration in the liver, gills, and muscle. At 100 ppb, PFOS bioconcentrations were higher in saltwater versus freshwater in the liver and muscle of F. heteroclitus. At 1 ppb PFOS and below, some of these effects were reversed but only statistically significant in gills. The physiological adaptability of F. heteroclitus in different environments is facilitated by changes in expression of ionic and xenobiotic transporters within the gills and these expression changes of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor (CFTR), and organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) may play a role in the increased retention of PFOS in the gills of freshwater-acclimated
Reduce BGP Convergence Time

The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the de-facto routing protocol between various autonomous systems (AS) on the internet. In the event of route failure, a considerable delay in BGP convergence has been shown by empirical measurements. In the event of failure, a considerable delay in the BGP convergence has been shown by empirical measurements. During the convergence time the BGP will repeatedly advertise new routes to some destination and withdraw old ones until it reach a stable state. It has been found that the KEEPALIVE message timer and the HOLD time are tow parameters affecting the convergence speed. This paper aims to find the optimum value for the KEEPALIVE timer and the HOLD time that maximally reduces the convergence time without increasing the traffic. The KEEPALIVE message timer optimal value founded by this paper is 30 second instead of 60 second, and the optimal value for the HOLD time is 90 seconds instead of 180 seconds.