Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eliminating Noisy Information from News Websites and Extraction of the News Article

A typical web page containing a news article contains many information blocks. Apart from the main content blocks, it usually has blocks such as navigation panels, copyright and privacy notices, and advertisements (for business purposes and for easy user access). We call these blocks that are not the main content blocks of the page the noisy blocks. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for the effective extraction of the text of the news article out of the news web page. We have devised this algorithm based on the following observation : In a given news Web site, noisy blocks usually share some common content, while the main content blocks of the pages are often diverse in their actual contents. Based on this observation, we propose a tree structure similar to the one proposed in [2] but with much less storage of data and faster computation which we call as a Page Content Tree(PCT) for a single web page and a Site Content Tree(SCT) for a family of news web pages from the same news site. An SCT can be built by combining the PCTs of various news pages on the news site in a way which will be described later in this paper. We then describe an information based measure of computing the " relevance " of a node in the SCT to determine whether it belongs to the desired content or the noisy content. At the end of the paper , we will show the results and experimental evaluations which show the high accuracy of our algorithm.
Strong anisotropic optical conductivity in two-dimensional puckered structures: The role of the Rashba effect

We calculate the optical conductivity of an anisotropic two-dimensional system with Rashba spin-flip excitation within the Kubo formalism. We show that the anisotropic Rashba effect caused by an external field changes significantly the magnitude of the spin splitting. Furthermore, we obtain an analytical expression for the longitudinal optical conductivity associated with inter-band transitions as a function of the frequency for an arbitrary polarization angle. We find that the diagonal components of the optical conductivity tensor are direction-dependent and the spectrum of optical absorption is strongly anisotropic with an absorption window. The height and width of this absorption window are very sensitive to the system anisotropy. While the height of absorption peak increases with increasing effective mass anisotropy ratio, the peak intensity is larger when the light polarization is along the armchair direction. Moreover, the absorption peak width becomes broader as the density of state mass or Rashba interaction is enhanced. These features can be used to determine parameters relevant for spintronics through the optical absorption spectrum.
A Domain Description Language for Data Processing

We discuss an application of planning to data processing, a planning problem which poses unique challenges for domain description languages. We discuss these challenges and why the current PDDL standard does not meet them. We discuss DPADL (Data Processing Action Description Language), a language for describing planning domains that involve data processing. DPADL is a declarative, object-oriented language that supports constraints and embedded Java code, object creation and copying, explicit inputs and outputs for actions, and metadata descriptions of existing and desired data. DPADL is supported by the IMAGEbot system, which we are using to provide automation for an ecological forecasting application. We compare DPADL to PDDL and discuss changes that could be made to PDDL to make it more suitable for representing planning domains that involve data processing actions.
Effective spectrum allocation solution for WiMAX IN nepalese context

As a direct approach for broadband services continues to grow worldwide, normal solutions, such as digital wire and fiber optics, are mostly formidable and costly to implement, generally in farming and remote areas. This paper proposes a dual carrier solution for WiMAX in the context of geographically diversified country, Nepal. This paper also discusses the advantages of WiMAX such as cost effective solutions, simple system integration, affordable spectrum and access to available devices that make these business opportunities possible in ways that few other technologies have done before. By providing affordable wireless broadband access, a record of WiMAX will change broadband communications in a grown universe and overpass a digital order in a building country like Nepal.
Age-related Macular Degeneration THE LIPOFUSCIN COMPONENT N-RETINYL-N-RETINYLIDENE ETHANOLAMINE DETACHES PROAPOPTOTIC PROTEINS FROM MITOCHONDRIA AND INDUCES APOPTOSIS IN MAMMALIAN RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL CELLS *

From the ‡Institute of Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Universitätstr. 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland, §Laboratory for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstr. 24, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland, ¶Danish Cancer Society, Apoptosis Laboratory, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, iEye Clinic, University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmannstr. 9, D-50931 Cologne, Germany, and **Department of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Biology, University of Constance, D-78457 Constance, Germany
Contact activity and dynamics of the online elite

Humans interact through numerous channels to build and maintain social connections: they meet face-to-face, initiate phone calls or send text messages, and interact via social media. Although it is known that the network of physical contacts, for example, is distinct from the network arising from communication events via phone calls and instant messages, the extent to which these networks differ is not clear. In fact, the network structure of these channels shows large structural variations. Each network of interactions, however, contains both central and peripheral individuals: central members are characterized by higher connectivity and can reach a high fraction of the network within a low number of connections, contrary to the nodes on the periphery. Here we show that the various channels account for diverse relationships between pairs of individuals and the corresponding interaction patterns across channels differ to an extent that hinders the simple reduction of social ties to a single layer. Furthemore, the origin and purpose of each network also determine the role of their respective central members: highly connected individuals in the person-to-person networks interact with their environment in a regular manner, while members central in the social communication networks display irregular behavior with respect to their physical contacts and are more active through rare, social events. These results suggest that due to the inherently different functions of communication channels, each one favors different social behaviors and different strategies for interacting with the environment. Our findings can facilitate the understanding of the varying roles and impact individuals have on the population, which can further shed light on the prediction and prevention of epidemic outbreaks, or information propagation.
Key Indistinguishability versus Strong Key Indistinguishability for Hierarchical Key Assignment Schemes

A hierarchical key assignment scheme is a method to assign some private information and encryption keys to a set of classes in a partially ordered hierarchy, in such a way that the private information of a higher class can be used to derive the keys of all classes lower down in the hierarchy. In this paper we analyze the security of hierarchical key assignment schemes according to different notions: security with respect to key indistinguishability and against key recovery, as well as the two recently proposed notions of security with respect to strong key indistinguishability and against strong key recovery . We first explore the relations between all security notions and, in particular, we prove that security with respect to strong key indistinguishability is not stronger than the one with respect to key indistinguishability. Afterwards, we propose a general construction yielding a hierarchical key assignment scheme offering security against strong key recovery, given any hierarchical key assignment scheme which guarantees security against key recovery.
Tunnel-injection quantum dot deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes with polarization-induced doping in III-nitride heterostructures

Efficient semiconductor optical emitters in the deep-ultraviolet spectral window are encountering some of the most deep rooted problems of semiconductor physics. In III-Nitride heterostructures, obtaining short-wavelength photon emission requires the use of wide bandgap high Al composition AlGaN active regions. High conductivity electron (n-) and hole (p-) injection layers of even higher bandgaps are necessary for electrical carrier injection. This approach requires the activation of very deep dopants in very wide bandgap semiconductors, which is a difficult task. In this work, an approach is proposed and experimentally demonstrated to counter the challenges. The active region of the heterostructure light emitting diode uses ultrasmall epitaxially grown GaN quantum dots. Remarkably, the optical emission energy from GaN is pushed from 365 nm (3.4 eV, the bulk bandgap) to below 240 nm (>5.2 eV) because of extreme quantum confinement in the dots. This is possible because of the peculiar bandstructure and band alignments in the GaN/AlN system. This active region design crucially enables two further innovations for efficient carrier injection: Tunnel injection of carriers and polarization-induced p-type doping. The combination of these three advances results in major boosts in electroluminescence in deep-ultraviolet light emitting diodes and lays the groundwork for electrically pumped short-wavelength lasers.
Potential Role of Thiobacillus caldus in Arsenopyrite Bioleaching

ABSTRACT We investigated the potential role of the three strains ofThiobacillus caldus (KU, BC13, and C-SH12) in arsenopyrite leaching in combination with a moderately thermophilic iron oxidizer,Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans. Pure cultures ofT. caldus and S. thermosulfidooxidans were used as well as defined mixed cultures. By measuring released iron, tetrathionate, and sulfur concentrations, we found that the presence ofT. caldus KU and BC13 in the defined mixed culture lowered the concentration of sulfur, and levels of tetrathionate were comparable to or lower than those in the presence of S. thermosulfidooxidans. This suggests that T. caldusgrows on the sulfur compounds that build up during leaching, increasing the arsenopyrite-leaching efficiency. This result was similar to leaching arsenopyrite with a pure culture of S. thermosulfidooxidans in the presence of yeast extract. Therefore, three possible roles of T. caldus in the leaching environment can be hypothesized: to remove the buildup of solid sulfur that can cause an inhibitory layer on the surface of the mineral, to aid heterotrophic and mixotrophic growth by the release of organic chemicals, and to solubilize solid sulfur by the production of surface-active agents. The results showed that T. caldus KU was the most efficient at leaching arsenopyrite under the conditions tested, followed by BC13, and finally C-SH12.
The Emerging Regulation of VEGFR-2 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) signals vascular development and angiogenesis mainly by binding to VEGF receptor family member 2 (VEGFR-2). Adaptor proteins mediate many VEGFR-2’s functions in the development of blood vessels. Cancer cells secrete VEGF to activate VEGFR-2 pathway in their neighboring endothelial cells in the process of cancer-related angiogenesis. Interestingly, activation of VEGFR-2 signaling is found in breast cancer cells, but its role and regulation are not clear. We highlighted research advances of VEGFR-2, with a focus on VEGFR-2’s regulation by mutant p53 in breast cancer. In addition, we reviewed recent Food and Drug Administration-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor drugs that can inhibit the function of VEGFR-2. Ongoing preclinical and clinical studies might prove that pharmaceutically targeting VEGFR-2 could be an effective therapeutic strategy in treating triple-negative breast cancer.
Detecting and Alerting Tcp – Ip Packets againt TCP SYN attacks

Transmission Control Protocol Synchronized ( TCP SYN) Flood has become a problem to the network management to maintain the network server from being attacked by the malicious attackers. Possibly one of the problems in detecting SYN Flood is that hosting server nodes or firewalls cannot distinguish the SYN packets of normal TCP connections from your of SYN Flood attack. Moreover, considering that the fee of normal network traffic differentiates, we are unable to work with an explicit threshold of SYN arrival rates out to detect SYN Flood traffic. Taking into consideration time period variant of arrival traffic. We first investigate the status of the arrival rates of both normal TCP SYN packets and SYN Flood attack packets. Our new detection mechanism based on the stats of SYN arrival rates. Our proposed mechanism can detect SYN Flood traffic quickly and precisely despite time variance of the traffic. Experimental results show that the proposed detection method using the combination of packet filtering and syn flood based traffic monitoring can detect TCP SYN Flood in the network and alerts are sent to the administrator through e-mail mechanism.
The effect of foreign aid on economic growth in developing countries

This paper analyzes the effects of foreign aid on the economic growth of developing countries. The study uses annual data on a group of 85 developing countries covering Asia, Africa, and Latin America and the Caribbean for the period 1980-2007. The hypothesis that foreign aid can promote growth in developing countries was explored. This hypothesis was tested using panel data series for foreign aid, while accounting for regional differences in Asian, African, Latin American, and the Caribbean countries as well as the differences in income levels. While the findings of previous studies are generally mixed, the results of this study also indicate that foreign aid has mixed effects on economic growth in developing countries.
Single-Crystal Nanorings Formed by Epitaxial Self-Coiling of Polar Nanobelts

Freestanding single-crystal complete nanorings of zinc oxide were formed via a spontaneous self-coiling process during the growth of polar nanobelts. The nanoring appeared to be initiated by circular folding of a nanobelt, caused by long-range electrostatic interaction. Coaxial and uniradial loop-by-loop winding of the nanobelt formed a complete ring. Short-range chemical bonding among the loops resulted in a single-crystal structure. The self-coiling is likely to be driven by minimizing the energy contributed by polar charges, surface area, and elastic deformation. Zinc oxide nanorings formed by self-coiling of nanobelts may be useful for investigating polar surface–induced growth processes, fundamental physics phenomena, and nanoscale devices.
Lentiviral Mediated Overexpression of NGF in Adipose-derived Stem Cells

Introduction: Human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can self-renew and differentiate into various types of cells such as adipocytes, osteocytes, and neural cells. These stem cells can be isolated by minimally invasive technique in large amounts. ADSCs are a useful resource for cell therapy and regenerative medicine. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is the first neurotrophin factor discovered and characterized for its anti-apoptotic role in neural development. NGF can promote neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth and it also promotes neuron differentiation and migration. Moreover, research showed that NGF could protect axons from inflammatory damage, improve cognitive function in damaged brain models, and function in the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases like Alzheimer’s disease. In this study we use Lentiviral vector-mediated gene transfer technique to deliver NGF gene to ADSCs and overexpress this factor in ADSCs. Method and Materials: ADSCs extracted from human adipose tissue after lipoaspiration by digestion method. ADSCs characterized with Flowcytometry and differentiation assay in adipogenic and osteogenic differential media. The NGF gene was cloned in pCDH-513B-1 (System Bioscience, Mountain View, CA, United States) under a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. Recombinant lentiviruses were produced according to the Prof. Trono lab protocol with some modifications in HEK 293T cells. The spinfection method was used to transduce ADSCs. NGF expression was assayed using fluorescent microscope to trace green fluorescent protein (GFP) marker, RT-PCR and western blotting. Results: Extracted ADSCs had mesenchymal morphology and differentiated into adipocytes and osteocytes in differentiating media. HEK293T easily transfected with pCDH-513B-1 and over 99% of them expressed GFP so we gathered pseudoviruses from the supernatant. ADSCs transduced with these pseudoviruses transferred NGF and after transduction expressed GFP, as seen under fluorescent microscope. RT-PCR and western blotting verified NGF overexpression in them. Conclusion: ADSCs can be transduced with pseudo lentiviruses transferring NGF leading to overexpression of NGF.
Robust joint beamforming and artificial noise design for amplify-and-forward multi-antenna relay systems

In this paper, we address physical layer security for amplify-and-forward (AF) multi-antenna relay systems in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers. A robust joint design of cooperative beamforming (CB) and artificial noise (AN) is proposed with imperfect channel state information (CSI) of both the destination and the eavesdroppers. We aim to maximize the worst-case secrecy rate subject to the sum power and the per-antenna power constraints at the relay. Such joint design problem is non-convex. By utilizing the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique, S-procedure and the successive convex approximation (SCA) algorithm, the original non-convex optimization problem is recast into a series of semidefinite programs (SDPs) which can be efficiently solved using interior-methods. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed design.
Concept based Personalized Web Search

Existing personalized web search systems does not take into account relevant pages that go unvisited by the user which might be direct answers to the user's information need. In addition, pages in the result set though not directly relevant to the user's information need might provide a link to relevant pages. Such links can be identified only by performing semantic analysis. This paper is aimed towards identifying such relevant pages through semantic search path analysis and provides an effective personalized web search. This improves web search by providing content and individual based relation between the search query and its relevant web pages.
Cascaded filtering for biometric identification using random projections

Biometric identification often involves explicit comparison of a probe template against each template stored in a database. This approach becomes extremely time-consuming as the size of the database increases. Filtering approaches use a light-weight comparison to reduce the database to smaller set of candidates for explicit comparison. However, most existing filtering schemes use specific features that are hand-crafted for the biometric trait at each stage of the filtering. In this work, we show that a cascade of simple linear projections on random lines can achieve significant levels of filtering. Each stage of filtering consists of projecting the probe onto a specific line and removal of database samples outside a window around the probe. The approach provides a way of automatic generation of filters and avoids the need of developing specific features for different biometric traits. The method also provides us with a variety of parameters such as the projection lines, the number and order of projections, and the window sizes to customize the filtering process to a specific application. Experimental results show that using an ensemble of projections reduce the search space by 60% without increasing the false negative identification rate.
Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Barbados, West Indies

We describe prostate cancer incidence and mortality in Barbados, West Indies. We ascertained all histologically confirmed cases of prostate cancer during the period July 2002 to December 2008 and reviewed each death registration citing prostate cancer over a 14-year period commencing January 1995. There were 1101 new cases for an incidence rate of 160.4 (95% Confidence Interval: 151.0–170.2) per 100,000 standardized to the US population. Comparable rates in African-American and White American men were 248.2 (95% CI: 246.0–250.5) and 158.0 (95% CI: 157.5–158.6) per 100,000, respectively. Prostate cancer mortality rates in Barbados ranged from 63.2 to 101.6 per 100,000, compared to 51.1 to 78.8 per 100,000 among African Americans. Prostate cancer risks are lower in Caribbean-origin populations than previously believed, while mortality rates appeared to be higher than reported in African-American men. Studies in Caribbean populations may assist understanding of disparities among African-origin populations with shared heredity.
Comparing Centralized and Decentralized Distributed Execution Systems

We implement two distributed execution systems one centralized and one decentralized. We test these systems in terms of how well they handle a high number of requests, distribute execution, and tolerate heterogeneity. Given the small size and homogeneity of our lab environment we find that the centralized system provides a much simpler yet equally effective alternative to the decentralized system. However, in the simulated environments, we find that the decentralized system has great potential to tolerate heterogeneity and scale to wider area networks. This system needs to be tested with many more nodes in order to effectively test its ability to scale.
Do Modular Products Lead to Modular Organizations

The tacit assumption that increased product modularity is associated with advantageous increases in organizational modularity underlies much of the literature on modularity. Previous empirical investigations of this assumption, few in number, have faced numerous confounding factors and generated conflicting results. I build a causal model for the relationship between product and organizational modularity, which I test using a distinctive empirical setting that controls for confounding factors present in previous studies. I find support for only part of the assumed relationship, showing that modularity is a more multi-faceted concept than previously recognized. In particular, increased product modularity enhances reconfigurability of organizations more quickly than it allows firms to move activities out of hierarchy. The paper contributes to the emerging stream of research that focuses on the previously under-appreciated costs of designing and maintaining a modular organization.