Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical management of PCOS

The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous condition with genetic predisposition. It is characterized by a myriad of symptoms including oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, anovulation or infertility, hirsutism or acne. Insulin resistance appears to be an important factor in PCOS though the lack of an etiology has led to symptom oriented therapy which includes lifestyle modification, the use of cyclical progestagens and antiandrogens. Ovulation induction by drug therapy and ovarian drilling aims to treat subfertility in women with PCOS. Therapeutic approaches to PCOS remain an ongoing source of debate. Insulin sensitizing agents may bring new hope in therapy. Future research is aimed at shedding light on the pathophysiology so as to optimize treatment of women with PCOS.
Weak 5′-mRNA Secondary Structures in Short Eukaryotic Genes

Experimental studies of translation have found that short genes tend to exhibit greater densities of ribosomes than long genes in eukaryotic species. It remains an open question whether the elevated ribosome density on short genes is due to faster initiation or slower elongation dynamics. Here, we address this question computationally using 5′-mRNA folding energy as a proxy for translation initiation rates and codon bias as a proxy for elongation rates. We report a significant trend toward reduced 5′-secondary structure in shorter coding sequences, suggesting that short genes initiate faster during translation. We also find a trend toward higher 5′-codon bias in short genes, suggesting that short genes elongate faster than long genes. Both of these trends hold across a diverse set of eukaryotic taxa. Thus, the elevated ribosome density on short eukaryotic genes is likely caused by differential rates of initiation, rather than differential rates of elongation.
SEEING THROUGH A DIFFERENT LENS: WHAT DO INTERNS LEARN WHEN THEY MAKE VIDEO CASES OF THEIR OWN TEACHING?

This study included four preservice interns at a Midwestern university in the United States who were learning to facilitate interactive discussions in English language arts. The authors investigated how the interns' perceptions of their self-selected audience influenced what they noticed, talked about, and learned as they constructed a video case about their teaching. Two interns identified themselves as the audience and problematized specific aspects of their lesson, whereas two others “showcased” themselves in a positive light for a public audience. All interns gained insights about their teaching as they constructed their case. Implications for teacher education and future research directions are discussed.
Two Distinct Vps34 Phosphatidylinositol 3–Kinase Complexes Function in Autophagy and Carboxypeptidase Y Sorting inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

Vps30p/Apg6p is required for both autophagy and sorting of carboxypeptidase Y (CPY). Although Vps30p is known to interact with Apg14p, its precise role remains unclear. We found that two proteins copurify with Vps30p. They were identified by mass spectrometry to be Vps38p and Vps34p, a phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 3–kinase. Vps34p, Vps38p, Apg14p, and Vps15p, an activator of Vps34p, were coimmunoprecipitated with Vps30p. These results indicate that Vps30p functions as a subunit of a Vps34 PtdIns 3–kinase complex(es). Phenotypic analyses indicated that Apg14p and Vps38p are each required for autophagy and CPY sorting, respectively, whereas Vps30p, Vps34p, and Vps15p are required for both processes. Coimmunoprecipitation using anti-Apg14p and anti-Vps38p antibodies and pull-down experiments showed that two distinct Vps34 PtdIns 3–kinase complexes exist: one, containing Vps15p, Vps30p, and Apg14p, functions in autophagy and the other containing Vps15p, Vps30p, and Vps38p functions in CPY sorting. The vps34 and vps15 mutants displayed additional phenotypes such as defects in transport of proteinase A and proteinase B, implying the existence of another PtdIns 3–kinase complex(es). We propose that multiple Vps34p–Vps15p complexes associated with specific regulatory proteins might fulfill their membrane trafficking events at different sites.
Genetic analysis of synaptotagmin-7 function in synaptic vesicle exocytosis

Synaptotagmin-7 is a candidate Ca2+ sensor for exocytosis that is at least partly localized to synapses. Similar to synaptotagmin-1, which functions as a Ca2+ sensor for fast synaptic vesicle (SV) exocytosis, synaptotagmin-7 contains C2A and C2B domains that exhibit Ca2+-dependent phospholipid binding. However, synaptotagmin-7 cannot replace synaptotagmin-1 as a Ca2+ sensor for fast SV exocytosis, raising questions about the physiological significance of its Ca2+-binding properties. Here, we examine how synaptotagmin-7 binds Ca2+ and test whether this Ca2+ binding regulates Ca2+-triggered SV exocytosis. We show that the synaptotagmin-7 C2A domain exhibits a Ca2+-binding mode similar to that of the synaptotagmin-1 C2A domain, suggesting that the synaptotagmin-1 and -7 C2 domains generally employ comparable Ca2+-binding mechanisms. We then generated mutant mice that lack synaptotagmin-7 or contain point mutations inactivating Ca2+ binding either to both C2 domains of synaptotagmin-7 or only to its C2B domain. Synaptotagmin-7-mutant mice were viable and fertile. Inactivation of Ca2+ binding to both C2 domains caused an ≈70% reduction in synaptotagmin-7 levels, whereas inactivation of Ca2+ binding to only the C2B domain did not alter synaptotagmin-7 levels. The synaptotagmin-7 deletion did not change fast synchronous release, slow asynchronous release, or short-term synaptic plasticity of release of neurotransmitters. Thus, our results show that Ca2+ binding to the synaptotagmin-7 C2 domains is physiologically important for stabilizing synaptotagmin-7, but that Ca2+ binding by synaptotagmin-7 likely does not regulate SV exocytosis, consistent with a role for synaptotagmin-7 in other forms of Ca2+-dependent synaptic exocytosis.
La structure financière des entreprises en Europe: une investigation empirique de la neutralité du bilan

La liberalisation financiere a permis la multiplication des sources de financement aux entreprises. La question est de savoir si toutes les societes ont acces a ces differents outils. Cet article se propose d’en donner les caracteristiques en fonction de leur taille pour les pays europeens. Apres un survey de la litterature, nous examinerons les determinants de la structure financiere des entreprises europeennes (premiere partie). Al’aide du modele de Biais, Hillion et Malecot (1995) nous etudierons dans une deuxieme partie le partage entre ces differents modes de financement de 1989 a 1998. Enfin, nous nous interrogerons sur la complementarite ou la substituabilite de ces derniers en fonction de la taille des entreprises (troisieme partie). La derniere partie conclut.
Model-Driven Engineering

Although these early languages and platforms raised the level of abstraction, they still had a distinct "computing-oriented" focus. In particular, they provided abstractions of the solution space—that is, the domain of computing technologies themselves—rather than abstractions of the problem space that express designs in terms of concepts in application domains, such as telecom, aerospace, healthcare, insurance, and biology.
The Cognitive Organisation of Human Errors: A Gestalt Theory Perspective

Les erreurs humaines sont etudiees dans le cadre theorique de la gestalt theory comparee aux theories de l'erreur cognitive. II est demontre que les processus ou actes de cognition erronee ne sont pas toujours les consequences de la routine, mais plutot la suite naturelle d'une organisation de la forme, independante du fait qu'une certaine ligne d'action ait ete apprise ou non. Des exemples issus des champs de la perception visuelle, de la pensee et de l'action dirigees vers un but sont presentes, dans lesquels le principes de la gestalt, finalite, bon deroulement et proximite conditionnent l'apparition d'echecs. Est aussi mis en discussion le fait que les erreurs pouvaient etre ou pas considerees comme evaluation positive, comme elles pourraient etre l'indication de la resolution d'un probleme de production et dans certaines situations, fournir de l'information sur la maniere la plus facile d'approcher un but. Human errors are discussed within the theoretical framework of gestalt theory as compared with cognitive error theories. It is argued that erroneous cognitive processes or actions are not always the consequence of routinisation, but instead are a natural consequence of gestalt organisation independent of whether or not a certain line of action has been learned. Examples from the fields of visual perception, thinking, and goal-directed action are presented, in which the gestalt principles of closure, good continuation, and proximity are conditions governing the emergence of failures. Also discussed is the issue of whether or not errors should be given positive evaluation, as they may be a cue for productive problem solving and may, in certain situations, provide information as to the smoothest path to approaching a goal.
Potent Inhibition of Hendra Virus Infection via RNA Interference and Poly I:C Immune Activation

Hendra virus (HeV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic paramyxovirus that causes fatal disease in a wide range of species, including humans. HeV was first described in Australia in 1994, and has continued to re-emerge with increasing frequency. HeV is of significant concern to human health due to its high mortality rate, increasing emergence, absence of vaccines and limited post exposure therapies. Here we investigate the use of RNA interference (RNAi) based therapeutics targeting HeV in conjunction with the TLR3 agonist Poly I:C and show that they are potent inhibitors of HeV infection in vitro. We found that short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting the abundantly expressed N, P and M genes of HeV caused over 95% reduction of HeV virus titre, protein and mRNA. Furthermore, we found that the combination of HeV targeting siRNA and Poly I:C had an additive effect in suppressing HeV infection. Our results demonstrate for the first time that RNAi and type I interferon stimulation are effective inhibitors of HeV replication in vitro and may provide an effective therapy for this highly lethal, zoonotic pathogen.
c-di-AMP: An Essential Molecule in the Signaling Pathways that Regulate the Viability and Virulence of Gram-Positive Bacteria

Signal transduction pathways enable organisms to monitor their external environment and adjust gene regulation to appropriately modify their cellular processes. Second messenger nucleotides including cyclic adenosine monophosphate (c-AMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (c-GMP), cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP), and cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) play key roles in many signal transduction pathways used by prokaryotes and/or eukaryotes. Among the various second messenger nucleotides molecules, c-di-AMP was discovered recently and has since been shown to be involved in cell growth, survival, and regulation of virulence, primarily within Gram-positive bacteria. The cellular level of c-di-AMP is maintained by a family of c-di-AMP synthesizing enzymes, diadenylate cyclases (DACs), and degradation enzymes, phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Genetic manipulation of DACs and PDEs have demonstrated that alteration of c-di-AMP levels impacts both growth and virulence of microorganisms. Unlike other second messenger molecules, c-di-AMP is essential for growth in several bacterial species as many basic cellular functions are regulated by c-di-AMP including cell wall maintenance, potassium ion homeostasis, DNA damage repair, etc. c-di-AMP follows a typical second messenger signaling pathway, beginning with binding to receptor molecules to subsequent regulation of downstream cellular processes. While c-di-AMP binds to specific proteins that regulate pathways in bacterial cells, c-di-AMP also binds to regulatory RNA molecules that control potassium ion channel expression in Bacillus subtilis. c-di-AMP signaling also occurs in eukaryotes, as bacterially produced c-di-AMP stimulates host immune responses during infection through binding of innate immune surveillance proteins. Due to its existence in diverse microorganisms, its involvement in crucial cellular activities, and its stimulating activity in host immune responses, c-di-AMP signaling pathway has become an attractive antimicrobial drug target and therefore has been the focus of intensive study in several important pathogens.
Normal Non-HDL Cholesterol, Low Total Cholesterol, and HDL Cholesterol Levels in Sickle Cell Disease Patients in the Steady State: A Case-Control Study of Tema Metropolis

Background. Abnormal lipid homeostasis in sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by defects in plasma and erythrocyte lipids and may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study assessed the lipid profile and non-HDL cholesterol level of SCD patients. Methods. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 50 SCD patients, in the steady state, aged 8–28 years, attending the SCD clinic, and 50 healthy volunteers between the ages of 8–38 years. Serum lipids were determined by enzymatic methods and non-HDL cholesterol calculated by this formula: non-HDL-C = TC-HDL-C. Results. Total cholesterol (TC) (p = 0.001) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p < 0.0001) were significantly decreased in cases compared to controls. The levels of non-HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) were similar among the participants. The levels of decrease in TC and HDL were associated with whether a patient was SCD-SS or SCD-SC. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were each significantly associated with increased VLDL [SBP, p = 0.01, OR: 0.74 (CI: 0.6–0.93); DBP, p = 0.023, OR: 1.45 (CI: 1.05–2.0)]. Conclusion. Dyslipidemia is common among participants in this study. It was more pronounced in the SCD-SS than in SCD-SC. This dyslipidemia was associated with high VLDL as well as increased SBP and DBP.
Vidnost in Moč V Javnem Minenju

Povzetek Članek obravnava odnos med vidnim in skritim izvajanjem moči, med normativno in instrumentalno vidnostjo ter vpletenost vidnosti in izvajanja moči v javnomnenjske procese. Dokazuje omejenost teorij javnega mnenja, ki pojasnjevanje mnenjskih procesov omejujejo na normativno in represivno moč, zanemarjajo pa druge razsežnosti izvajanja moči. Za zgled so predstavljeni rezultati empiričnega raziskovanja pomembnosti kompetenčne za javnomnenjske procese.
Growth of SiO/sub x/ nanowires

SiOx nanowire bunches were obtained on Ni(NO/sub 3/)/sub 2/*6H/sub 2/O solution deposited Si(111) substrates. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that the SiOx nanowires are amorphous and sometimes form a core/shell structure with the crystalline core containing Ga, Ni, Si and O, and the amorphous shell containing Si and O.
Synthesis of facial expressions for semantic coding of videophone sequences

A method for the synthesis of facial expressions for semantic coding of videophone sequences is presented. Firstly, a generic 3D face model is automatically adapted to the eyes, mouth, eyebrows, nose and chin and cheek contours of the individual face in the sequence. Secondly, a synthesis of facial expressions of this individual face is carried out using a model of the human facial muscles. Applying the described algorithms to the videophone sequences Akiyo and Miss America (CIF 10 Hz), the face model is successfully adapted at the beginning of the videophone sequence and facial expressions of the individual faces are synthesized.
Evaluation of Translation Errors : Procedures and Criteria Ramadan

The domain of errors in translation is a complex issue that requires a solid theoretical background before any attempt is made to induce or generalise conclusions about students. Although researchers in this field differ in their participation in the teaching process, they generally uphold similar methodological criteria [1]. They suggest that a sound account of students' error evaluation should be organised in terms of certain procedural steps, namely assessing the gravity of the error and accordingly recommending the appropriate therapy. This paper attempts to discuss the main criteria which borrowed mainly from literature on foreign language teaching and translation quality assessment to see how far they serve this purpose. Thus, an effective evaluation is the main goal of this research paper. First, errors in the students' translations must be detected. For this, it seems necessary that the instructor should make an accurate critical analysis of the students' translations so as to be able to identify errors. In describing the identified errors, instructors should try to see in what way the student has failed to communicate or transfer the source text message by comparing the source and the student's target product. Then, they will have to explain how the trainee translator has deviated from an adequate translation and what rules s/he has broken. Finally, the instructor should adopt evaluative measures and seek appropriate pedagogical assistance.
Savage Peace: Americans at War in the 1990s

This provocative study addresses the strengths and limitations of American military power as armed conflict becomes even more common in this supposed era of world peace. Through his examination of the history of America's armed interventions along with the political and military context of today's missions, the author reveals the hard realities facing the world's policeman. Photos. Maps.
The effect of baryons on the variance and the skewness of the mass distribution in the Universe at small scales

We study the dissipative effects of baryon physics on cosmic statistics at small scales using a cosmological simulation of a (50 Mpc h−1)3 volume of universe. The MareNostrum simulation was performed using the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) code ramses, and includes most of the physical ingredients which are part of the current theory of galaxy formation, such as metal-dependent cooling and UV heating, subgrid modelling of the interstellar medium, star formation and supernova feedback. We reran the same initial conditions for a dark matter only universe, as a reference point for baryon-free cosmic statistics. In this paper, we present the measured small-scale amplification of σ2 and S3 due to baryonic physics and their interpretation in the framework of the halo model. As shown in recent studies, the effect of baryons on the matter power spectrum can be accounted for at scales k≲ 10 h Mpc−1 by modifying the halo concentration parameter. We propose to extend this result by using a composite halo profile, which is a linear combination of a Navarro, Frenk and White profile for the dark matter component and an exponential disc profile mimicking the baryonic component at the heart of the halo. This halo profile form is physically motivated and depends on two parameters, the mass fraction f d of baryons in the disc and the ratio λd of the disc's characteristic scale to the halo's virial radius. We find this composite profile to reproduce both the small-scale variance and skewness boosts measured in the simulation up to k∼ 102 h Mpc−1 for physically meaningful values of the parameters f d and λd. Although simulations like the one presented here usually suffer from various problems when compared to observations, our modified halo model could be used as a fitting model to improve the determination of cosmological parameters from weak lensing convergence spectra and skewness measurements.
Image sequence analysis and segmentation using G-blobs

This paper introduces a new generalisation of the familiar scale-space and wavelet representations, designed specifically to deal with the complexities of representing motions induced in an image sequence by the movement of 3-D objects of which the scene is comprised. It does this by combining an affine representation of local image motions with a local structure model based on Gaussian functions. After a brief review of its symmetry and completeness properties, the representation is applied to the analysis of image motions in a typical video sequence.
Teen girls, sexual double standards and ‘sexting’: Gendered value in digital image exchange

This article explores gender inequities and sexual double standards in teens’ digital image exchange, drawing on a UK qualitative research project on youth ‘sexting’. We develop a critique of ‘postfeminist’ media cultures, suggesting teen ‘sexting’ presents specific age and gender related contradictions: teen girls are called upon to produce particular forms of ‘sexy’ self display, yet face legal repercussions, moral condemnation and ‘slut shaming’ when they do so. We examine the production/circulation of gendered value and sexual morality via teens’ discussions of activities on Facebook and Blackberry. For instance, some boys accumulated ‘ratings’ by possessing and exchanging images of girls’ breasts, which operated as a form of currency and value. Girls, in contrast, largely discussed the taking, sharing or posting of such images as risky, potentially inciting blame and shame around sexual reputation (e.g. being called ‘slut’, ‘slag’ or ‘sket’). The daily negotiations of these new digitally mediated, heterosexualised, classed and raced norms of performing teen feminine and masculine desirability are considered.
e-NeXSh: achieving an effectively non-executable stack and heap via system-call policing

We present e-NeXSh, a novel security approach that utilises kernel and LIBC support for efficiently defending systems against process-subversion attacks. Such attacks exploit vulnerabilities in software to override its program control-flow and consequently invoke system calls, causing out-of-process damage. Our technique defeats such attacks by monitoring all LIBC function and system-call invocations, and validating them against process-specific information that strictly prescribes the permissible behaviour for the program (unlike general sandboxing techniques that require manually maintained, explicit policies, we use the program code itself as a guideline for an implicit policy). Any deviation from this behaviour is considered malicious, and we halt the attack, limiting its damage to within the subverted process. We implemented e-NeXSh as a set of modifications to the Linux-2.4. 18-3 kernel and a new user-space shared library (e-NeXSh.so). The technique is transparent, requiring no modifications to existing libraries or applications. e-NeXSh was able to successfully defeat both code-injection and LIBC-based attacks in our effectiveness tests. The technique is simple and lightweight, demonstrating no measurable overhead for select UNIX utilities, and a negligible 1.55% performance impact on the Apache Web server
Testing the Idea of Distinct Storage Mechanisms in Memory

This paper sets out quantitative foundations for testing the idea that memory is served by two distinct storage mechanisms, a short-term and a separate long-term store, using data from the single-trial free-recall experiment by Murdock and Okada (1970). In single-trial free recall one can observe which word is recalled next and how long that recall takes, but that is all. So justification for two separate stores must turn either on the probabilities of recall, or on the latencies, for particular serial positions in the stimulus list. (a) Nearly one-third of all recalls after the first are successors (Word n+1 immediately following recall of Word n). So recall is dominated, not by absolute serial position (as a short-term store would require), but by position relative to the preceding recall. (b) To a first approximation, all first recalls have the same latency distribution except for Word 1. A common latency distribution is compatible with a single store. An explanation is offered why Word 1 should take l.