Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MAGMATISM AND FAULTING AT KILAUEA VOLCANO : AN ANALOG TO THARSIS VOLCANOES ON MARS

The growth mechanism of the Tharsis Montes on Mars can be better understood through research of an Earth based analog, such as the Hawaiian volcanoes. In June 2007, the southern flank of Kilauea volcano underwent a geodetically identified slow slip event, or “slow earthquake”, the study of which may lead to an enhanced understanding of slow earthquakes, volcano spreading, and tsunami-generating slumping. This event coincided with a temporary seismic deployment designed to better resolve the patterns of triggered microseismicity associated with slow earthquakes at Kilauea. Twenty temporary seismometers deployed on the southern flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii collected seismic data from before, during, and after the slow earthquake, which was triggered by an east rift zone dike intrusion on June 17-19, 2007. The purpose of this Space Grant project was to use the Antelope software‟s user interface in order to interactively relocate 1629 microearthquakes that occurred prior to the dike intrusion. Another relocation method will later be applied to the experiment dataset, where researchers will apply waveform cross correlation, high precision relocation, and double difference tomography. The final results of this project will ultimately provide a set of microearthquake locations that are far more precise than human error would allow for. Here, 1629 microearthquakes were successfully located using Antelope, and epicenters appear to cluster between 19.3o and 19.35o latitude, as well as between -155.25o and -155.2o longitude, extending southward from 19.35o to 19.27o latitude. This new set of locations are now ready for the application of waveform crosscorrelation and high precision relocation, in order to obtain precise hypocenters to aid in the study of detachment faulting, volcanic spreading, and slow earthquakes.
Cardiovascular Response During Submaximal Underwater Treadmill Exercise in Stroke Patients

Objective To evaluate the cardiovascular response during head-out water immersion, underwater treadmill gait, and land treadmill gait in stroke patients. Methods Ten stroke patients were recruited for underwater and land treadmill gait sessions. Each session was 40 minutes long; 5 minutes for standing rest on land, 5 minutes for standing rest in water or on treadmill, 20 minutes for treadmill walking in water or on land, 5 minutes for standing rest in water or on treadmill, and 5 minutes for standing rest on land. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured during each session. In order to estimate the cardiovascular workload and myocardial oxygen demand, the rate pressure product (RPP) value was calculated by multiplying systolic BP (SBP) by HR. Results SBP, DBP, mean BP (mBP), and RPP decreased significantly after water immersion, but HR was unchanged. During underwater and land treadmill gait, SBP, mBP, DBP, RPP, and HR increased. However, the mean maximum increases in BP, HR and RPP of underwater treadmill walking were significantly lower than that of land treadmill walking. Conclusion Stroke patients showed different cardiovascular responses during water immersion and underwater gait as opposed to standing and treadmill-walking on land. Water immersion and aquatic treadmill gait may reduce the workload of the cardiovascular system. This study suggested that underwater treadmill may be a safe and useful option for cardiovascular fitness and early ambulation in stroke rehabilitation.
Clinical and histological features of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis related to antithyroid drugs .

BACKGROUND Antithyroid drugs such as propylthiouracil and methimazole have been reported to cause antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), but little is known about long-term outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified AAV patients who underwent renal biopsy and retrospectively assessed their clinical and histological findings. Patients with AAV who had received propylthiouracil or methimazole were defined as having antithyroid drug-associated AAV (ATD-AAV), and the other patients were defined as having primary AAV. RESULTS Seven patients with ATD-AAV and 83 patients with primary AAV were identified. Compared with the primary AAV group, the patients with ATD-AAV were significantly younger (mean ± standard deviation; 45.4 ± 21.4 years vs. 65.9 ± 13.8 years, p < 0.01), and had lower serum creatinine (median [interquartile range]; 0.7 mg/dL [0.6 - 1.5] vs. 2.3 mg/dL [1.0 - 4.0], p = 0.02), as well as a higher frequency of positivity for MPO--ANCA/PR3-ANCA (42.9 vs. 4.8%, p < 0.01). While glomerular crescents varied, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy were milder in ATD-AAV patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significantly higher kidney survival rate in patients with ATD-AAV than in those with primary AAV (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION Patients with ATD-AAV were younger and had milder kidney involvement, resulting in a better long-term outcome compared with primary AAV.
Superframes, A Temporal Video Segmentation

The goal of video segmentation is to turn video data into a set of concrete motion clusters that can be easily interpreted as building blocks of the video. There are some works on similar topics like detecting scene cuts in a video, but there is few specific research on clustering video data into the desired number of compact segments. It would be more intuitive, and more efficient, to work with perceptually meaningful entity obtained from a low-level grouping process which we call it ‘superframe’. This paper presents a new simple and efficient technique to detect superframes of similar content patterns in videos. We calculate the similarity of content-motion to obtain the strength of change between consecutive frames. With the help of existing optical flow technique using deep models, the proposed method is able to perform more accurate motion estimation efficiently. We also propose two criteria for measuring and comparing the performance of different algorithms on various databases. Experimental results on the videos from benchmark databases have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Burying beetle Nicrophorus investigator reproduction on Pacific salmon carcasses

Abstract. 1. In many undisturbed watersheds along the Pacific Rim, anadromous salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) provide a predictable source of carrion to the riparian zone, largely due to horizontal transfer of salmon carcasses by bears (Ursus spp.) and other vertebrates.
Leishmaniasis: current challenges and prospects for elimination with special focus on the South Asian region

SUMMARY Leishmania donovani, the most virulent species of Leishmania, is found in the South Asian region that harbours the majority of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases in the world. The traditionally accepted relationships between the causative species of Leishmania and the resultant disease phenotype have been challenged during recent years and have underscored the importance of revisiting the previously established taxonomy with revisions to its classification. The weak voice of the afflicted with decades of neglect by scientists and policy makers have led to the miserably inadequate and slow advancements in product development in the fields of diagnostics, chemotherapeutics and vector control that continue to hinder the effective management and control of this infection. Limitations notwithstanding, the regional drive for the elimination of VL initiated over a decade ago that focused on India, Nepal and Bangladesh, the three main afflicted countries in the Indian subcontinent is therefore, commendable, with the subsequent status reviews and restructuring of strategies possibly even more so. However, the renewed efforts would need to be combined with plans to combat new challenges in the South-Asian region that includes the emergence of atypical parasite variants, in order to realistically achieve the set goal of regional elimination of VL.
Summarizing non-textual events with 'Briefing' focus

We describe a learning-based system for generating reports based on a mix of text and event data. The system incorporates several stages of processing, including aggregation, template-filling and importance ranking. Aggregators and templates were based on a corpus of reports evaluated by human judges. Importance and granularity were learned from this corpus as well. We find that high-scoring reports (with a recall of 0.89) can be reliably produced using this procedure given a set of oracle features. The report drafting system is part of a learning cognitive assistant RADAR, and is used to describe its performance.
High-frequency boundary layer profiling with reusable radiosondes

A new system for high-frequency boundary layer profiling based upon radiosondes and free balloons was tested during the field phases of the Boundary Layer Late Afternoon and Sunset Turbulence experiment (BLLAST 2011, Lannemezan, France) and of the Hydrological cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment (HyMeX, 2012). The system consists of a conventional Vaisala receiver and a GPS radiosonde (pressure, wind, humidity and temperature), that is tied to a couple of inflated balloons. The principle of the sounding system is to permit the first balloon to detach from the rawinsonde at a predetermined altitude, allowing for the rawinsonde to slowly descend with the second balloon to perform a second, new sounding. The instrumentation is then eventually recovered. The expecting landing area is anticipated before the flight by estimating the trajectory of the probe from a forecasted wind profile and by specifying both the balloon release altitude and the mean ascent and descent rates of the system. The real landing point is determined by the last transmission of the radiosonde GPS and the visual landmark provided by the second balloon. Seventy-two soundings were performed during BLLAST (62) and HyMeX (10), with a recovery rate of more than 80% during the BLLAST field campaign. Recovered radiosondes were generally reused several times, often immediately after recovery, which definitely demonstrates the high potential of this system.
Pharmacological Approaches and Natural Products for Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy - A Review

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a one of the most common and severe cancer treatment-related adverse effect. It can often cause the stop of the treatment and affects the long-term quality of life of cancer survivors. Unfortunately, there are no effective agent or protocol to prevent with strong evidence of effectiveness this toxicity prevention of CIPN. Thus, CIPN prevention mainly consists of cumulative dose-reduction or lower dose-intensities, especially in higher risk patients. After a brief description of pathophysiology and features of CIPN, the purpose of this study is to analyse the role of standard pharmacological approaches and natural products for prevention of this serious side effect.
An experimentally supported model of the Bacillus subtilis global transcriptional regulatory network

Organisms from all domains of life use gene regulation networks to control cell growth, identity, function, and responses to environmental challenges. Although accurate global regulatory models would provide critical evolutionary and functional insights, they remain incomplete, even for the best studied organisms. Efforts to build comprehensive networks are confounded by challenges including network scale, degree of connectivity, complexity of organism–environment interactions, and difficulty of estimating the activity of regulatory factors. Taking advantage of the large number of known regulatory interactions in Bacillus subtilis and two transcriptomics datasets (including one with 38 separate experiments collected specifically for this study), we use a new combination of network component analysis and model selection to simultaneously estimate transcription factor activities and learn a substantially expanded transcriptional regulatory network for this bacterium. In total, we predict 2,258 novel regulatory interactions and recall 74% of the previously known interactions. We obtained experimental support for 391 (out of 635 evaluated) novel regulatory edges (62% accuracy), thus significantly increasing our understanding of various cell processes, such as spore formation.
Magnifying the View of the Hand Changes Its Cortical Representation. A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

Changes in the perceived size of a body part using magnifying lenses influence tactile perception and pain. We investigated whether the visual magnification of one's hand also influences the motor system, as indexed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced motor evoked potentials (MEPs). In Experiment 1, MEPs were measured while participants gazed at their hand with and without magnification of the hand. MEPs were significantly larger when participants gazed at a magnified image of their hand. In Experiment 2, we demonstrated that this effect is specific to the hand that is visually magnified. TMS of the left motor cortex did not induce an increase of MEPs when participants looked at their magnified left hand. Experiment 3 was performed to determine if magnification altered the topography of the cortical representation of the hand. To that end, a 3 × 5 grid centered on the cortical hot spot (cortical location at which a motor threshold is obtained with the lowest level of stimulation) was overlaid on the participant's MRI image, and all 15 sites in the grid were stimulated with and without magnification of the hand. We confirmed the increase in the MEPs at the hot spot with magnification and demonstrated that MEPs significantly increased with magnification at sites up to 16.5 mm from the cortical hot spot. In Experiment 4, we used paired-pulse TMS to measure short-interval intracortical inhibition and intracortical facilitation. Magnification was associated with an increase in short-interval intracortical inhibition. These experiments demonstrate that the visual magnification of one's hand induces changes in motor cortex excitability and generates a rapid remapping of the cortical representation of the hand that may, at least in part, be mediated by changes in short-interval intracortical inhibition.
Relationships among suicide ideators, attempters, and multiple attempters in a young-adult sample.

The relationships among suicide ideators, attempters, and multiple attempters were explored in 332 psychiatric patients referred specifically for suicidal ideation or behavior. Previous researchers have subsumed multiple attempters under the general category of attempters. However, comparisons across a range of variables, including Axis I diagnoses from the revised 3rd edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 1987) depressive and anxiety symptoms, suicidal ideation, hopelessness, problem solving, and a range of personality features revealed that multiple attempters presented a more severe clinical picture and, accordingly, elevated suicide risk compared with attempters and ideators. Observed differences between groups were maintained when attempters with "questionable intent" (i.e., those making equivocal attempts) were excluded from the analyses.
TEG Lysis Shutdown Represents Coagulopathy in Bleeding Trauma Patients: Analysis of the PROPPR Cohort

Background: Thrombelastography (TEG) fibrinolysis shutdown after trauma is associated with increased mortality due to hypercoagulability-associated organ failure. However, a lack of mechanistic data has precluded the development of novel interventions to treat shutdown. Objectives: To define the pathophysiology of TEG shutdown in severely injured, bleeding patients through secondary analysis of the PROPPR trial. Methods: Fibrinolysis was characterized in PROPPR subjects using admission TEG lysis at 30 min (LY30) or plasmin-antiplasmin (PAP) levels. LY30 categories were low (<0.9%), moderate (0.9–2.9%), or high (≥ 3%). PAP was classified as low (<1,500 &mgr;g/L), moderate (1,500–20,000 &mgr;g/L), or high (>20,000 &mgr;g/L). Demographics, outcomes, admission TEG values, platelet count and function, standard coagulation tests, and coagulation proteins were compared. Results: Five hundred forty-seven patients had TEG data and 549 patients had PAP data available. Low LY30 was associated with reduced platelet count and aggregation, poorer TEG clot formation, prolonged clotting times, and reduced fibrinogen and alpha2 antiplasmin. Compared to moderate PAP, low PAP subjects had similar platelet parameters, TEG values, fibrinogen, and alpha2 antiplasmin, but reduced tPA, and elevated PAI-1. D-Dimer values increased as PAP increased, however patients with low LY30 had elevated D-Dimer compared with moderate LY30 patients. Most low LY30 deaths were due to TBI (45%) and hemorrhage (42%) versus one of each cause (TBI, hemorrhage, MOF) in low PAP patients. Conclusions: Low TEG LY30 does not reflect shutdown of enzymatic fibrinolysis with hypercoagulability, but rather a coagulopathic state of moderate fibrinolysis with fibrinogen consumption and platelet dysfunction that is associated with poor outcomes.
A comparative study on extra-corporal circulation control

Hydraulic models of the human circulatory system allow simulation of hemodynamics in a standardized setting. In this work we use such a model to compare concurrent control strategies for extra-corporal circulation control. Patients suffering from cardio-vascular diseases under extra-corporal circulation can benefit from an automated regulation. The control task is to keep either the pump flow or the pressure in the cardio-vascular system at a constant target value, despite any parameter variations or external perturbations. We implement four control strategies that seem favorable for our task: a Proportional-Integral Controller, a H∞-Controller, a PI-Fuzzy Controller and a Model Reference Adaptive Controller. The methods are compared quantitatively and their advantages and drawbacks are discussed.
The safety of tocolytics used for the inhibition of preterm labour

ABSTRACT Introduction: Preterm birth is the major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide and a huge cost burden on healthcare. Between 22 and 26 completed weeks of gestation, for every day that delivery is delayed, survival increases by 3%. Areas covered: Following a systematic review of the literature, we have provided an overview of the use of tocolytics for the prevention of preterm birth and have examined the fetal and maternal adverse effects of the various tocolytic agents currently in use. Expert opinion: No tocolytic currently in use was developed specifically to treat preterm labour so most have multi-organ side effects. β2-agonists are relatively safe for the fetus but have rare and potentially serious maternal adverse effects. In contrast, prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors have potentially serious side effects for the fetus and neonate but have mild maternal gastrointestinal side effects. In Europe, the choice of first line therapy is either atosiban or nifedipine. The evidence base for atosiban is much more robust than for nifedipine. While their efficacy is similar, atosiban has placebo level side effects and is safer than nifedipine but is much more expensive.
Comparison of Time‐Domain Short‐Term Heart Interval Variability Analysis Using a Wrist‐Worn Heart Rate Monitor and the Conventional Electrocardiogram

Background: Wrist‐worn heart rate monitors have not been extensively validated for heart rate variability analysis. The purpose of this study was to compare time‐domain variability of heart interval series (R‐Ri) recorded by the Polar S810 monitor (Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland) and the conventional electrocardiogram (ECG).
RGS mRNA Expression : Modulation by Acute Psychostimulant Administration

Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins are a class of proteins that negatively modulate GPCR-mediated G protein signaling. The distribution of subtypes of RGS proteins is brain region specific. Several subtypes of RGS proteins are present in the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway and are subjected to modulation by psychostimulants. Acute or chronic exposure to psychostimulants induces changes in mRNA levels of RGS in a subtype-, brain region-, and time-dependent manner. The dynamic changes in the abundance of RGS proteins by psychostimulant treatment may be associated with dopamine receptor sensitization or desensitization, a potential mechanism underlying drug sensitization or tolerance. Small molecule RGS inhibitors are useful tools for studying in vivo function of RGS proteins and are potential therapeutics for the treatment of psychostimulant addiction.
The Relationship between Peripheral Nerve Conduction Velocity and Ophthalmological Findings in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Early Diabetic Retinopathy

Purpose Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) is an indicator of neuronal damage in the distal segment of the peripheral nerves. Here, we determined the association between NCV and other systemic and ocular clinical findings, in type 2 diabetes patients with early diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods This study included 42 eyes of 42 type 2 diabetes patients (median age: 54 years) with no DR or with mild nonproliferative DR. Standard statistical techniques were used to determine associations between clinical findings. Results Sural sensory conduction velocity (SCV) and tibial motor conduction velocity (MCV) were significantly lower in mild nonproliferative DR patients than patients with no DR (P = 0.008 and P = 0.01, resp.). Furthermore, logistic regression analyses revealed that sural SCV and tibial MCV were independent factors contributing to the presence of mild nonproliferative DR (OR 0.83, P = 0.012 and OR 0.69 P = 0.02, resp.). Tibial MCV was correlated with choroidal thickness (CT) (P = 0.01), and a multiple regression analysis revealed that age, tibial MCV, and carotid intima-media thickness were independent associating factors with CT (P = 0.035, P = 0.015, and P = 0.008, resp.). Conclusions Our findings suggest that reduced NCV may be closely associated with early DR in type 2 diabetes patients. Thus, reduced nerve conduction is a potential early biomarker of DR.
BACkground InFormAtIon on key FAtS In mILk And BeeF

Consumers want foods with the good taste and health benefits of flax, and food processors have worked to meet their demand, adding flax to traditional and hearth breads, muffins, bagels, hot and cold cereals, energy bars, pizza, pasta, smoothies and meatless vegan meals.1 Food producers have picked up on the trend, adding flax (often referred to as linseed) to livestock rations, the aim being to increase the content of healthy fats in eggs, meat, poultry and dairy products. Adding linseed to the rations of ruminants like cattle improves the fat profile of milk and beef. Consumers who buy these value-added products can increase their intake of healthy fats. The fats of interest are certain polyunsaturated fats and saturated fats, which are reviewed below.