Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chapter 1 Hiding and Behaviour : an Institutional Approach

Theories with hidden sorts provide a setting to study the idea of behaviour and behavioural equivalence of elements. But there are variants on the notion of theory: many sorted algebras, order sorted algebras and so on; we would like to use the theory of institutions to develop ideas of some generality. We formulate the notion of behavioural equivalence in a more abstract and categorical way, and we give a general explication of ”hiding” in an institution. We use this show that both hidden many sorted algebras and hidden order sorted algebras yield institutions.
Cornell Log Analysis and Monitoring Project ( CLAMP )

The goal of this project was to determine if a real-time event monitoring process could enable the prediction or prevention of system failures in a complex system such as the Texas Advanced Computing Center’s (TACC) Ranger compute cluster. The development process involved numerous research steps including system log collection and manipulation and the development, use and testing of multiple tools to analyze or display the log information in a meaningful way assuming that historical events are useful for future predictions. This paper includes information about related work, implementation details about the tools used, their purpose and limitations, an evaluation of the work, achievements, and proposed future work. Over the course of this project we were able to predict known events and minimize outages in various scenarios involving multiple distributed systems and subsystems.
A New Semantic Annotation Method for Chest X-Ray Images

For the purpose of taking good use of the diagnosis obtained from medical experts and improving the accuracy of chest X-ray images retrieval, the lung fields are segmented and interested regions are marked off on the basis of chest X-ray images having been processed previously; the Gray Difference Statistics is used to indicate the texture feature of each region. Using the K-nearest neighbor classifier, the texture features are mapped respectively to the standard image classes pre-described by the experts, thus it realizes the semantic annotation of regions in the whole image. This method can not only narrow the semantic gap between the low-level features and the high-level semantics of images effectively, but also has an active effect on improving the efficiency of medical diagnosis.
Irradiation Damage Studies in Solid Targets

In an effort to address the limitations on high-power accelerator target performance prompted by the elevated dose levels and the associated irradiation damage, an experimental study has been conducted to explore interesting new alloys and composites under the influence of protons and neutrons. Material irradiations were performed using the 200-MeV protons of the BNL Linac operating with an effective power of 18 kW. Selective results of the post-irradiation analysis of composites and “super” alloys depicting the effects on their physical and mechanical properties are presented. The post-irradiation analysis reveals interesting damage reversal by some of the promising candidate materials and unexpected low threshold of radiation resistance by others. Also included is a discussion of the correlation between protonand neutron-induced damage and of the associated experimental effort to unravel such correlations.
Neuroprotective actions of eicosapentaenoic acid on lipopolysaccharide‐induced dysfunction in rat hippocampus

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) protects hippocampus from age‐related and irradiation‐induced changes that lead to impairment in synaptic function; the evidence suggests that this is due to its anti‐inflammatory effects, specifically preventing changes induced by the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β). In this study, we have investigated the possibility that EPA may prevent the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, which have been shown to lead to deterioration of synaptic function in rat hippocampus. The data indicate that treatment of hippocampal neurones with EPA abrogated the LPS‐induced increases in phosphorylation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), the transcription factor, c‐Jun and the mitochondrial protein, Bcl‐2. In parallel, we report that intraperitoneal administration of LPS to adult rats increases phosphorylation of JNK, c‐Jun and Bcl‐2 in hippocampal tissue and that these changes are coupled with increased IL‐1β concentration. Treatment of rats with EPA abrogates these effects and also blocks the LPS‐induced impairment in long‐term potentiation in perforant path‐granule cell synapses that accompanies these changes. We propose that the neuroprotective effect of EPA may be dependent on its ability to inhibit the downstream consequences of JNK activation.
Relational Network Monitoring System for Grid Performance Optimization

The task of a network monitoring of the grid is to collect the scattered network information between the nodes of the grid, and provide an overall network status of the grid at any instant of time. The architecture of the monitoring system is based on the relational grid monitoring architecture, which provides a relational approach for the producer-consumer model of the GMA. This monitoring architecture is used for building a network based optimizer which is realized by means of cost functions, evaluated using a combination of network metrics. The needed network metrics to compute the cost functions is obtained by querying the monitoring system. Hence, the network based optimizer acts as a consumer, whose query is answered by the relevant producers of our monitoring system. The simulated results show that the number of records accessed is reduced, and the processing time is decreased to a great extent with virtual database (VDB).
Modeling and Control of Untethered Biomicrorobots in a Fluidic Environment Using Electromagnetic Fields

This paper investigates fundamental design, modeling, and control issues related to untethered biomedical microrobots guided inside the human body through external magnetic fields. Proposed areas of application for these microrobots include sensing, diagnosis, and surgical procedures in intraocular, cardiovascular, and inner-ear environments. A prototype microrobot and steering system are introduced. Fluid drag experiments performed on the prototype robot show that the 950 × 400 μ m elliptical shape has a spherical equivalent diameter of 477 μ m. Drag forces combined with saturation magnetization (5 × 10 5 A/m) of the prototype indicate that the required magnetic field gradients for application inside the vitreous humor and blood vessels are on the order of 0.7T/m.
Geminivirus Activates ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2 to Accelerate Cytoplasmic DCP2-Mediated mRNA Turnover and Weakens RNA Silencing in Arabidopsis

Aberrant viral RNAs produced in infected plant cells serve as templates for the synthesis of dsRNAs. The derived virus-related small interfering RNAs (siRNA) mediate cleavage of viral RNAs by post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), thus blocking virus multiplication. Here, we identified ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) as a new component of plant P body complex which mediates mRNA decapping and degradation. We found that AS2 promotes DCP2 decapping activity, accelerates mRNA turnover rate, inhibits siRNA accumulation and functions as an endogenous suppressor of PTGS. Consistent with these findings, as2 mutant plants are resistant to virus infection whereas AS2 over-expression plants are hypersensitive. The geminivirus nuclear shuttle protein BV1 protein, which shuttles between nuclei and cytoplasm, induces AS2 expression, causes nuclear exit of AS2 to activate DCP2 decapping activity and renders infected plants more sensitive to viruses. These principles of gene induction and shuttling of induced proteins to promote mRNA decapping in the cytosol may be used by viral pathogens to weaken antiviral defenses in host plants.
The functional definition of geodesics

In this paper a functional definition of geodesics is introduced which allows to generalize the notion of a geodesic from smooth to topological manifolds. It is shown that in the smooth case the new definition coincides with the classical definition of geodesics of a linear connection. If the smoothness is not required, it is shown by an example that the new definition includes geodesics of non-linear, homogeneous connections. Moreover, an example of generalized geodesics which does not arise from any connection is presented here.
Nucleostemin Knockdown Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Ultraviolet and Serum Starvation-Induced Apoptosis

Nucleostemin (NS) is a GTP-binding protein that is predominantly expressed in embryonic and adult stem cells but not in terminally differentiated cells. NS plays an essential role in maintaining the continuous proliferation of stem cells and some types of cancer cells. However, the role of NS in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the role of NS in HCC. First, we demonstrated high expression of NS in most HCC cell lines and liver cancer tissues. NS knockdown induced a severe decline in cell viability of MHCC97H cells as detected by MTT and cell proliferation assays. Next, we used ultraviolet (UV) and serum starvation-induced apoptosis models to investigate whether NS suppression or up-regulation affects HCC cell apoptosis. After UV treatment or serum starvation, apoptosis was strongly enhanced in MHCC97H and Bel7402 cells transfected with small interfering RNA against NS, whereas NS overexpression inhibited UV- and serum-induced apoptosis of HCC cells. Furthermore, after UV irradiation, inhibition of NS increased the expression of pro-apoptosis protein caspase 3 and decreased the expression of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2. A caspase 3 inhibitor could obviously prevent NS knockdown-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, our study demonstrated overexpression of NS in most HCC tissues compared with their matched surrounding tissues, and silencing NS promoted UV- and serum starvation-induced apoptosis of MHCC97H and Bel7402 cells. Therefore, the NS gene might be a potential therapeutic target of HCC.
A multichannel intracerebral EEG monitoring system for epilepsy presurgical evaluation

In this paper, we propose a multichannel monitoring system intended for chronic intracerebral EEG (icEEG) recording and automatic seizure onset detection for epilepsy presurgical evaluation. We present a method of recording, a noise reduction circuit design, followed by implementation, and validation of the icEEG monitoring system. The later includes the recording module and a seizure onset detection algorithm. The icEEG recording module has 3 stages for amplification and noise reduction. Initially, the input neural signal is recorded through an amplifier that has a feedback noise reduction circuit. Further, noises are removed by high and low pass filters. The present version of the system includes 6 channels. Each one features high amplification gain 60 dB, low noise (1 μVrms), and a high common mode rejection ratio 80dB. The total power consumption of the whole recording module is 12 mW. The proposed device was validated using icEEG recordings from two patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. The multichannel monitoring system suggested reasonable assumption about the epileptogenic zone.
Molecular Mechanisms Generating and Stabilizing Terminal 22q13 Deletions in 44 Subjects with Phelan/McDermid Syndrome

In this study, we used deletions at 22q13, which represent a substantial source of human pathology (Phelan/McDermid syndrome), as a model for investigating the molecular mechanisms of terminal deletions that are currently poorly understood. We characterized at the molecular level the genomic rearrangement in 44 unrelated patients with 22q13 monosomy resulting from simple terminal deletions (72%), ring chromosomes (14%), and unbalanced translocations (7%). We also discovered interstitial deletions between 17–74 kb in 9% of the patients. Haploinsufficiency of the SHANK3 gene, confirmed in all rearrangements, is very likely the cause of the major neurological features associated with PMS. SHANK3 mutations can also result in language and/or social interaction disabilities. We determined the breakpoint junctions in 29 cases, providing a realistic snapshot of the variety of mechanisms driving non-recurrent deletion and repair at chromosome ends. De novo telomere synthesis and telomere capture are used to repair terminal deletions; non-homologous end-joining or microhomology-mediated break-induced replication is probably involved in ring 22 formation and translocations; non-homologous end-joining and fork stalling and template switching prevail in cases with interstitial 22q13.3. For the first time, we also demonstrated that distinct stabilizing events of the same terminal deletion can occur in different early embryonic cells, proving that terminal deletions can be repaired by multistep healing events and supporting the recent hypothesis that rare pathogenic germline rearrangements may have mitotic origin. Finally, the progressive clinical deterioration observed throughout the longitudinal medical history of three subjects over forty years supports the hypothesis of a role for SHANK3 haploinsufficiency in neurological deterioration, in addition to its involvement in the neurobehavioral phenotype of PMS.
The spectral efficiency of linear precoders

Recent results on the asymptotic empirical eigenvalue distribution of the sum or product of matrices, based on the free probability theory, have enabled the study of the asymptotic limits of linear precoded OFDM systems with MMSE equalization for ergodic and non-ergodic channels. We extend these results to the MMSE successive interference cancellation detector with realistic channels and give an explicit answer on the impact of the choice of certain types of spreading codes.
PETRA - the Personal Embedded Translation and Reading Assistant

In this paper we present PETRA, a Personal Embedded Translation and Reading Assistant, which assists German-speaking language students in reading and translating Japanese documents. PETRA is fully embedded into Microsoft Word so that the students can invoke all its features directly from within the text editor. The translation rules are learnt incrementally from translation examples provided by the students, therefore, they can customize the translations according to their personal preferences. This type of language learning environment encourages a bidirectional knowledge transfer, which fosters a lively interaction and makes the learning process more interesting and entertaining.
Orthogonal incremental learning of a feedforward network

Orthogonal incremental learning (OIL) is a new approach of incremental training for a feedforward network with a single hidden layer. OIL is based on the idea to describe the output weights (but not the hidden nodes) as a set of orthogonal basis functions. Hidden nodes are treated as the orthogonal representation of the network in the output weights domain. We proved that a separate training of hidden nodes does not connict with previously optimized nodes and is described by a special relationship { orthogonal backpropagation (OBP) rule. An advantage of OIL over existing algorithms is extremely fast learning. This approach can be also easily extended to build-up incrementally an arbitrary function as a linear composition of adjustable functions which are not necessarily orthogonal. OIL has been tested on`two-spirals' and`Net Talk' benchmark problems.
Species and stock identification of prey consumed by endangered southern resident killer whales in their summer range

Recovery plans for endangered southern resident killer whales Orcinus orca have iden- tified reduced prey availability as a risk to the population. In order to better assess this risk, we stud- ied prey selection from 2004 to 2008 in 2 regions of the whales' summer range: San Juan Islands, Washington and the western Strait of Juan de Fuca, British Columbia. Following the whales in a small boat, we collected fish scales and tissue remains from predation events, and feces, using a fine mesh net. Visual fish scale analysis and molecular genetic methods were used to identify the species con- sumed. Chinook salmon, a relatively rare species, was by far the most frequent prey item, confirming previous studies. For Chinook salmon prey, we used genetic identification methods to estimate the spawning region of origin. Of the Chinook salmon sampled, 80 to 90% were inferred to have origi- nated from the Fraser River, and only 6 to 14% were inferred to have originated from Puget Sound area rivers. Within the Fraser River, the Upper Fraser, Middle Fraser, South Thompson River and Lower Fraser stocks were inferred to currently be sequentially important sources of Chinook salmon prey through the summer. This information will be of significant value in guiding management actions to recover the southern resident killer whale population.
A pr 2 00 0 Parameters estimation in quantum optics

We address several estimation problems in quantum optics by means of the maximum-likelihood principle. We consider Gaussian state estimation and the determination of the coupling parameters of quadratic Hamiltonians. Moreover, we analyze different schemes of phase-shift estimation. Finally, the absolute estimation of the quantum efficiency of both linear and avalanche photodetectors is studied. In all the considered applications, the Gaussian bound on statistical errors is attained with a few thousand data.
Combining Experience with Quantitative Models

This is a progress report on our efforts to design intelligent robots for complex environments. The sort of applications we have in mind include senlry robots, autonomous delivery vehicles, undersea surveillance vehicles, and automated warehouse robots. We are investigating the issues relating to machine learning, using multiple mobile robots to perform tasks such as playing hide-and-seek, tag, or competing to find hidden objects. We propose that the knowledge acquisition task for autonomous robots be viewed as a cooperative effort between the robot designers and the robot itself. The robot should have access to the best model of its world that the designer can reasonably provide. On the other hand, some aspects of the environmcnt will be unknown in advance. For such aspects, the robot itself is in the best position to acquire the knowledge of what to expect in its world. We have implemented these ideas in an arrangement we call case-based anytime learning. This system starts with a parameterized model of its world and then learns a set of specific models that correspond to the environmental cases it actually encounters. The system uses genetic algorithms to learn high-performance reactive strategies for each environmental model.
IV. La vie quotidienne autour de l'alimentation: Les modes de vie, les représentations socio-culturelles et les comportements alimentaires de 55 familles à faibles revenus en banlieue parisienne

L'etude qualitative et sociologique ne concerne qu'une fraction de l'echantillon mais a ete tres approfondie. Cette population a des comportements alimentaires tres destructures et gere ses difficultes avec efficacite, en choisissant soigneusement ses lieux d'approvisionnement. Les enfants sont toujours privilegies, mais leurs desirs sont des sources de difficultes. Les meres ont donc des comportements plus destructures par les difficultes economiques que leurs enfants. La plupart d'entre elles demandent une meilleure information et un plus grand acces aux produits frais.
Performance Improvement by N-Chance Clustered Caching in NoC based Chip Multi-Processors

Cache management is one of the key factors that affect the performance of present day Chip Multi-Processors. The main aspects that govern the cache management are the access latency and the cache space utilization. This paper proposes 3-chance clustered caching cache management scheme in NoC based multi-core systems, where it targets to address both the issues. The L2 banks are formed into a cluster and are non inclusive. The cache management policy concentrates on increasing the life time of a cache block by giving up to 3 chances by rotation of data among the L2 banks and clustering keeps the data close to the processors thereby decreasing the access latency. The caches act as non-inclusive for increasing the cache space, which increases the access latency but is reduced by 2 level directory protocol implemented for cache coherence and cache clustering. The evicted L1 cache bocks are stored in the Cluster home L2 bank and the evicted L2 cache blocks follow the 3-Chance rotation algorithm. Experimental results based on full-system simulation show that for 16 core 2DMESH the scheme increases the performance by 9 ∼ 15%.
Sensorless Speed Control of Switched Reluctance Motor Drive Using the Binary Observer with Online Flux-Linkage Estimation

An adaptive online flux-linkage estimation method for the sensorless control of switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive is presented in this paper. Sensorless operation is achieved through a binary observer based algorithm. In order to avoid using the look up tables of motor characteristics, which makes the system, depends on motor parameters, an adaptive identification algorithm is used to estimate of the nonlinear flux-linkage parameters. This method makes position and speed estimation more accurate and robust towards any model uncertainty, also it is suitable replacement for a priori knowledge of motor characteristics.
Risk and protective factors in the mental health of adolescents living with HIV in Namibia

"Introduccion": A pesar de que el 90% de los adolescentes con VIH en el mundo viven en Africa subsahariana, pocos estudios han examinado el impacto que tiene el hecho de estar infectados por VIH sobre su salud mental en este region. Ademas, los adolescentes con VIH en contextos de escasos recursos se enfrentan con factores de riesgo adicionales, como la pobreza, la falta de apoyo social y el estigma relacionado con el VIH. Este estudio examina la salud mental de los adolescentes que viven con el VIH en Namibia, un pais con una de las prevalencias de VIH mas altas del mundo. El estudio examina si estos adolescentes muestran mayores problemas de salud mental respecto a un grupo de comparacion de la comunidad. Asimismo, el estudio evalua los factores que predicen problemas de salud mental con el fin de identificar las potenciales areas de intervencion que permitan mejorar dichos problemas. Metodos: En una fase piloto, se organizan grupos de discusion con 34 adolescentes y entrevistas con ocho informantes clave para explorar las percepciones locales sobre los problemas de salud mental, asi como sus factores de riesgo y factores de proteccion. Dado que las propiedades psicometricas del instrumento seleccionado para medir salud mental, el cuestionario Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire/ Cuestionario de Capacidades y Dificultades (SDQ), nunca habian sido exploradas antes en Namibia, se decidio administrarlo a 236 participantes con edades comprendidas entre 12 y 18 anos en una fase piloto cuantitativa.
Impact of Photovoltaic-Oriented DC Stray Current Corrosion on Large-Scale Solar Farms' Grounding and Third-Party Infrastructure: Modeling and Assessment

This paper discusses the impact of photovoltaic (PV)-oriented dc stray current corrosion on large-scale solar farms' grounding and third-party infrastructure. The dc stray current may result from a fault or may be facilitated by buried cables' condition that allows dc leakage to flow into the earth. In particular, such abnormal conditions can impact the grounding electrodes of the PV plants as well as third-party metallic infrastructures (e.g., natural gas pipelines) that are laid in the nearby vicinity of a solar plant. This paper unfolds by thoroughly addressing three specific objectives: 1) defining the origin of the problem; 2) modeling the problem in commercially available software; and 3) discussing the arising implications.