Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Execution Time Optimization Using Delayed Multidimensional Retiming

Multidimensional retiming is an efficient optimization approach that ensures increasing a parallelism level in order to optimize the execution time. Two existing techniques called incremental and chained multidimensional retiming are based on this approach, which aim at achieving a full parallelism on loop body in order to schedule applications with a minimum cycle period. However, the cycle number increases in terms of parallelism level which presents a limiting factor to respect the execution time constraint of real-time applications. In this paper, we show how the minimal cycle period is achieved in multidimensional applications without applying a full parallelism. We present the theory of a novel technique, called delayed multidimensional retiming. Firstly, two efficient algorithms are presented where the first one insures the extraction of timing and data dependency properties of the application and the second one selects the set of data path for retiming. Then, we propose theorems to deduce a retiming function for the selected paths. Finally, a third algorithm describing the optimization approach is introduced. The experimental results show that our technique improves execution times in comparison to existing techniques. It achieves average improvements on the execution time of 41.57% compared to the Incremental technique and 11.55% compared to the Chained technique.
A hybrid approach for spam filtering using local concentration based K-Means clustering

Electronic mail (email) has become an essential element for Internet users. Many studies indicate that day by day numbers of internet users are increasing. As population increasing on the Internet, volume of email traffic is also growing. This entire volume of email consist 80% of unwanted emails. These unwanted emails are known as spam email and referred as unsolicited bulk email (UBE). These emails are sent in bulk to large number of recipients. This increased volume of spam email results a most common problem i.e. maintaining email inbox. Spam Email is major issue for internet community because it causes wastage of resources and also pollutes our environment. To prevent these adverse effects of spam email, spam filtering is essential task. Various researchers have proposed many techniques and algorithms for spam filtering; which focuses on individual parameters of the malicious content. In current scenario spammers are also become intelligent they attack on weak point of filtering system. In this work we divided entire process of filtering in four stages. At first stage we applied string tokenizer for generating terms from incoming message. These tokens are passed to second stage where we applied Information Gain (IG) as term selection strategy. After this we passed selected terms to third stage of filtering. Third stage consist of Local Concentration based Artificial Immune System for feature selection. Newly constructed feature vectors are passed to K-Means clustering algorithm for classification at fourth stage. In support of our work we conducted several experiments and gave a comparative analysis with various existing methods on different parameters.
Evaluating the impact of organizational interventions implemented as part of the Québec Healthy Enterprise Standard on physical and psychosocial work factors and work-related musculoskeletal problems

37 Introduction . 38 Study population and methods . 40 Design and population . 40 QHES implementation process . 40 Data collection and measures . 40 Data analysis . 43 Ethical considerations . 43 Results . 44 Overall changes from before to after QHES implementation . 44 After QHES implementation (T2): Differences in outcomes according to participants’ self-reported exposure to QHES intervention areas . 44 Discussion . 46 Strengths . 48 Limitations . 48 Conclusion . 49 Chapter 4: Additional results . 58 Chapter 5: Discussion . 64 Context and summary of main findings . 64 Interpretation and comparison with the literature . 65
Objective Design to Subjective Evaluations: Connecting Visual Complexity to Aesthetic and Usability Assessments of eHealth

ABSTRACT Objective: The visual complexity of a website is influential for users’ first perceptions and subsequent use of eHealth. Using two definitions of visual complexity, we conducted a comparative investigation of how design complexity and feature complexity – with different predicted relationships – affect users’ evaluations of web aesthetics and antecedents for technology acceptance (i.e., perceived ease of use and usefulness). Method: We used a 3 × 2 factorial online experiment (n = 277) to evaluate the effects of feature complexity (amount of information: low, mid, high) and design complexity (amount and organization: low, high). Outcomes were aesthetic evaluations, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness. Main effects and interactions were examined with multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Indirect effects were examined with moderated-serial mediation models. Results: High design complexity led to significantly higher perceptions of aesthetics, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness of the website (all p<.01; = .03-.08). High feature complexity also led to greater aesthetic evaluations (all p<.01; = .05-.19) and perceived usefulness (p<.05; =.03), but not perceived ease of use (p>.05). Discussion: Exploring two dimensions of visual complexity, we found that not only what is shown, but also how this information is displayed had a significant impact on users’ impressions. When the visual information was well organized (higher design complexity), users rated the websites as more aesthetically pleasing, easier to use, and more useful. Similarly, providing individuals with more content (higher feature complexity) also led individuals to believe the websites were designed well, more dynamic, and had greater usability. Conclusion: Health websites with more visual information organized according to design principles are rated as more appealing, without sacrificing perceived usability.
The pragmatics of descriptive and metalinguistic negation: experimental data from French

The phenomenon of descriptive and metalinguistic negation has been debated for a long time from a theoretical perspective. On the one hand, there are defenders of the ambiguist approach to negation, in which the descriptive negation basically serves to deny an utterance’s propositional content, and that this takes place by default (Horn 1985; 1989; Burton-Roberts 1989), while the metalinguistic negation surfaces only when the descriptive negation cannot be applied, and targets the non-truth-conditional contents of the utterance (e.g. implicatures, its register, its morphology or its phonology). Only the former is truth-functional, and the latter is claimed to be non-truth-functional as it does not operate on propositions. On the other hand, there are proponents of the non-ambiguist approach, who maintain that both types of negation are truth-functional since, in the case of metalinguistic negation, the process of pragmatic enrichment guarantees that the full proposition on which negation can operate will be reached (Carston 1996; 2002; Noh 1998; 2000; Moeschler 2010; 2013; 2017). Regarding processing, the ambiguist account predicts that it will take more time to treat metalinguistic negation because it always occurs as the second of two steps; in contrast, the non-ambiguist account makes no such prediction, since the interpretation of negation is contextually driven and the right context will issue the correct interpretation from the start. This paper will be devoted to the presentation of two self-paced reading experiments and of one offline elicitation experiment we carried out on French descriptive and metalinguistic negation. Our findings provide evidence in favor of the non-ambiguist approach.
Multimedia Tools for Teaching Reconfigurable Systems

Multimedia tools provide significant assistance in vast variety of different areas and one of them is education. The paper shows that such tools are especially important for constantly updating engineering courses which present recent advances in microelectronic industry. One of such courses is dedicated to learning reconfigurable systems based on field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) where many novel methods and tools have to be incorporated within the same course. The relevant pedagogical process can be greatly simplified with the aid of multimedia resources and elearning tools that have been developed and included into an integrated methodology successfully applied to the teaching of reconfigurable systems for more than 10 years. The paper discusses the impact of this methodology on attaining the required knowledge and experience with particular emphasis on course oriented tutorials, language templates and Internet resources.
Objective selection of signals for assessment of cerebral blood flow autoregulation in neonates

A number of different system identification techniques have been proposed to assess dynamic cerebral autoregulation in critically ill patients. From these methods, the response to a standard stepwise change in blood pressure can be estimated. Responses lacking physiological consistency are a common occurrence and could be the consequence of particular system identification procedures or, alternatively, caused by measurements with a poor signal-to-noise ratio. A multi-observer approach was adopted in this paper to classify cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) step responses to spontaneous changes in arterial blood pressure in a group of 43 neonates with a mean gestational age of 33.7 weeks (range 24–42 weeks) and a mean birthweight of 1980 g (range 570–3910 g). Three experienced observers independently analysed the estimated step responses in 191 recordings each lasting 100 s; for an autoregressive (ARX) model, 124 (65%) of the step responses were accepted by at least two of the three observers. Two other system identification methods, transfer function analysis and the moving average Wiener–Laguerre model, gave 90 (45%) and 98 (51%) acceptable responses, respectively. Only 54 epochs (28%) were accepted with all three methods. With 88 (46%) responses rejected by at least two methods, it can be concluded that signal quality was the main reason for nonphysiological step responses. To avoid the need for subjective visual selection, an automatic procedure for classifying step responses was implemented leading to sensitivities and specificities in the range 85–90%, with respect to the agreement with subjective evaluations. Objective selection of CBFV step responses is thus feasible and could also be adapted for other physiological measurement techniques relying on system identification methods.
Boceprevir for previously treated chronic HCV genotype 1 infection.

BACKGROUND In patients with chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 who do not have a sustained response to therapy with peginterferon-ribavirin, outcomes after retreatment are suboptimal. Boceprevir, a protease inhibitor that binds to the HCV nonstructural 3 (NS3) active site, has been suggested as an additional treatment. METHODS To assess the effect of the combination of boceprevir and peginterferon-ribavirin for retreatment of patients with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection, we randomly assigned patients (in a 1:2:2 ratio) to one of three groups. In all three groups, peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin were administered for 4 weeks (the lead-in period). Subsequently, group 1 (control group) received placebo plus peginterferon-ribavirin for 44 weeks; group 2 received boceprevir plus peginterferon-ribavirin for 32 weeks, and patients with a detectable HCV RNA level at week 8 received placebo plus peginterferon-ribavirin for an additional 12 weeks; and group 3 received boceprevir plus peginterferon-ribavirin for 44 weeks. RESULTS A total of 403 patients were treated. The rate of sustained virologic response was significantly higher in the two boceprevir groups (group 2, 59%; group 3, 66%) than in the control group (21%, P<0.001). Among patients with an undetectable HCV RNA level at week 8, the rate of sustained virologic response was 86% after 32 weeks of triple therapy and 88% after 44 weeks of triple therapy. Among the 102 patients with a decrease in the HCV RNA level of less than 1 log(10) IU per milliliter at treatment week 4, the rates of sustained virologic response were 0%, 33%, and 34% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Anemia was significantly more common in the boceprevir groups than in the control group, and erythropoietin was administered in 41 to 46% of boceprevir-treated patients and 21% of controls. CONCLUSIONS The addition of boceprevir to peginterferon-ribavirin resulted in significantly higher rates of sustained virologic response in previously treated patients with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection, as compared with peginterferon-ribavirin alone. (Funded by Schering-Plough [now Merck]; HCV RESPOND-2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00708500.).
Improvement of wireless network performance by polarisation diversity simulation from measurement results at only one polarisation

The use of polarisation diversity techniques in reception could be adequate to improve the performance of the wireless networks operating in deep multipath fading environments. This paper explores this possibility, and presents a procedure to estimate the received cross-polarised power from wide band measurements performed at just one polarisation. Three different strategies have been tested, and the results are presented and analysed, detecting improvements even when the multipath is low in the channel. In highly multipath rooms, the improvement in terms of received power reaches 21%.
AIMD algorithms and exponential functionals

The behavior of a connection transmitting packets into a network according to a general additive-increase multiplicative-decrease (AIMD) algorithm is investigated. It is assumed that loss of packets occurs in clumps. When a packet is lost, a certain number of subsequent packets are also lost (correlated losses). The stationary behavior of this algorithm is analyzed when the rate of occurrence of clumps becomes arbitrarily small. From a probabilistic point of view, it is shown that exponential functionals associated to compound Poisson processes play a key role. A formula for the fractional moments and some density functions are derived. Analytically, to get the explicit expression of the distributions involved, the natural framework of this study turns out to be the $q$-calculus. Different loss models are then compared using concave ordering. Quite surprisingly, it is shown that, for a fixed loss rate, the correlated loss model has a higher throughput than an uncorrelated loss model.
Animating Volumetric Models

This paper describes a technique to animate three-dimensional sampled volumes. The technique gives the animator the ability to treat volumes as if they were standard polygonal models and to use all of the standard animation/motion capture tools on volumetric data. A volumetric skeleton is computed from a volumetric model using a multi-resolution thinning procedure. The volumetric skeleton is centered in the object and accurately represents the shape of the object. The thinning process is reversible in that the volumetric model can be reconstructed from the volumetric skeleton. The volumetric skeleton is then connected and imported into a standard graphics animation package for animation. The animated skeleton is used for reconstruction, which essentially recreates a deformed volume around the deformed skeleton. Polygons are never computed and the entire process remains in the volumetric domain. This technique is demonstrated on one of the most complex 3D datasets, the Visible Male, resulting in actual "human animation,"
Antitumor activity of a folate-cleaving enzyme, carboxypeptidase G 1 .

Summary We have studied the antitumor activity of a folate-cleaving bacterial enzyme, carboxypeptidase G 1 (CPD G 1 ), which hydrolyzes the C-terminal glutamate residue from folic acid analogs. CPD G 1 completely inhibited the growth of all murine leukemic cell lines tested in tissue culture at enzyme levels of 0.02 to 0.025 unit/ml. A decrease in cell number was apparent after 12 hr of exposure to the enzyme, while a decrease in cell viability, as determined by soft-agar cloning, was evident after 6 hr. The biochemical effect of CPD G 1 in blocking incorporation of labeled deoxynucleosides into DNA was detected after 1 hr of incubation with the agent. Inhibition of DNA synthesis by CPD G 1 was characterized by a fall in the incorporation of both thymidine- 3 H and deoxyuridine- 3 H into DNA, rather than the selective depression of deoxyuridine- 3 H incorporation into DNA caused by methotrexate. The folate-depleting and antitumor activity of CPD G 1 was studied in mice. CPD G 1 , 800 units/kg, produced a prolonged (24-hr) fall in plasma folate to 20% of control levels and a gradual decline in hepatic folate stores. Daily doses of 800 units/kg, given for 5 to 7 days, produced a 19 to 27% prolongation of survival in mice inoculated with 10 5 L1210 cells, while daily doses of 20 to 100 units/kg produced a 43 to 89% increase in lifespan in rats with Walker 256 carcinosarcoma.
Live Imaging-Based Model Selection Reveals Periodic Regulation of the Stochastic G1/S Phase Transition in Vertebrate Axial Development

In multicellular organism development, a stochastic cellular response is observed, even when a population of cells is exposed to the same environmental conditions. Retrieving the spatiotemporal regulatory mode hidden in the heterogeneous cellular behavior is a challenging task. The G1/S transition observed in cell cycle progression is a highly stochastic process. By taking advantage of a fluorescence cell cycle indicator, Fucci technology, we aimed to unveil a hidden regulatory mode of cell cycle progression in developing zebrafish. Fluorescence live imaging of Cecyil, a zebrafish line genetically expressing Fucci, demonstrated that newly formed notochordal cells from the posterior tip of the embryonic mesoderm exhibited the red (G1) fluorescence signal in the developing notochord. Prior to their initial vacuolation, these cells showed a fluorescence color switch from red to green, indicating G1/S transitions. This G1/S transition did not occur in a synchronous manner, but rather exhibited a stochastic process, since a mixed population of red and green cells was always inserted between newly formed red (G1) notochordal cells and vacuolating green cells. We termed this mixed population of notochordal cells, the G1/S transition window. We first performed quantitative analyses of live imaging data and a numerical estimation of the probability of the G1/S transition, which demonstrated the existence of a posteriorly traveling regulatory wave of the G1/S transition window. To obtain a better understanding of this regulatory mode, we constructed a mathematical model and performed a model selection by comparing the results obtained from the models with those from the experimental data. Our analyses demonstrated that the stochastic G1/S transition window in the notochord travels posteriorly in a periodic fashion, with doubled the periodicity of the neighboring paraxial mesoderm segmentation. This approach may have implications for the characterization of the pathophysiological tissue growth mode.
Primary Path Reservation Using Enhanced Slot Assignment in TDMA for Session Admission

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) is a self-organized collection of nodes that communicates without any infrastructure. Providing quality of service (QoS) in such networks is a competitive task due to unreliable wireless link, mobility, lack of centralized coordination, and channel contention. The success of many real time applications is purely based on the QoS, which can be achieved by quality aware routing (QAR) and admission control (AC). Recently proposed QoS mechanisms do focus completely on either reservation or admission control but are not better enough. In MANET, high mobility causes frequent path break due to the fact that every time the source node must find the route. In such cases the QoS session is affected. To admit a QoS session, admission control protocols must ensure the bandwidth of the relaying path before transmission starts; reservation of such bandwidth noticeably improves the admission control performance. Many TDMA based reservation mechanisms are proposed but need some improvement over slot reservation procedures. In order to overcome this specific issue, we propose a framework—PRAC (primary path reservation admission control protocol), which achieves improved QoS by making use of backup route combined with resource reservation. A network topology has been simulated and our approach proves to be a mechanism that admits the session effectively.
The importance of scientific method for psychological science

ABSTRACT This article is concerned with the nature of scientific method and its importance for psychology. It begins by considering the nature of scientific methodology as an essential source for a proper understanding scientific method. This is followed by an outline, and short assessment, of three major theories of the scientific method: hypothetico-deductive method, inductive method, and inference to the best explanation. Thereafter, a broad abductive theory of scientific method, that has particular relevance for psychology, is presented. Finally, the value of the scientific method for a genuine education in science is considered.
Stellar Subdivision Grammars

In this paper we develop a new description for subdivision surfaces based on a graph grammar formalism. Subdivision schemes are specified by a context sensitive grammar in which production rules represent topological and geometrical transformations to the surface's control mesh. This methodology can be used for all known subdivision surface schemes. Moreover, it gives an effective representation that allows simple implementation and is suitable for adaptive computations.
Faster Stochastic Variational Inference using Proximal-Gradient Methods with General Divergence Functions

Several recent works have explored stochastic gradient methods for variational inference that exploit the geometry of the variational-parameter space. However, the theoretical properties of these methods are not well-understood and these methods typically only apply to conditionally-conjugate models. We present a new stochastic method for variational inference which exploits the geometry of the variational-parameter space and also yields simple closed-form updates even for non-conjugate models. We also give a convergence-rate analysis of our method and many other previous methods which exploit the geometry of the space. Our analysis generalizes existing convergence results for stochastic mirror-descent on non-convex objectives by using a more general class of divergence functions. Beyond giving a theoretical justification for a variety of recent methods, our experiments show that new algorithms derived in this framework lead to state of the art results on a variety of problems. Further, due to its generality, we expect that our theoretical analysis could also apply to other applications.
Research on Construction of Tibetan Emotion Dictionary

Sentiment classification is one of the research hot spots of Natural Language Processing. Compared with English and Chinese, it is hard for Tibetan to do some research of sentiment analysis because of the situation that we lack of related emotion dictionary. Considering there is no semantic dictionary like Hownet in Tibetan and the limited corpus, in this paper we built a comprehensive and efficient polar dictionary by artificial means, including basic dictionary, negative dictionary, degree-adverb dictionary and turning words dictionary.