Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The SUN41 and SUN42 genes are essential for cell separation in Candida albicans

Completion of the yeast cell cycle involves extensive remodelling of the cell wall upon separation of mother and daughter cells. We have studied two members of the ascomycete‐specific SUN gene family in Candida albicans. Inactivation of SUN41 yields defects in cell separation and hyphal elongation while inactivation of SUN42 results in minor phenotypic alterations. Simultaneous inactivation of SUN41 and SUN42 is synthetically lethal due to lysis of mother cells after septation. Electronic microscopy reveals cell wall defects mainly localized in the region surrounding the septa. This phenotype is osmoremediable and the conditional double mutants show increased sensitivity to cell wall or cell membrane perturbing agents. The essential function shared by Sun41p and Sun42p is conserved among yeasts because UTH1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae SUN gene, suppresses the lethality of SUN41 and SUN42 conditional mutants. Investigation of functional genomic data obtained in S. cerevisiae reveals links between members of the SUN gene family and the RAM pathway regulating cell wall‐degrading enzymes specifically involved during cell separation. Thus, the main function of ascomycetous Sun proteins appears linked to cell wall remodelling, with a probable role in counter‐balancing cell wall degradation to avoid cell lysis upon cell separation.
Mudança no Critério de Contabilização de Investimentos Financeiros: Estudo de Evento sobre Títulos Soberanos da Grécia

A alteracao feita pelo IASB, em 2008, na classificacao dos instrumentos financeiros para reduzir as perdas bancarias com a crise do subprime e de titulos soberanos dos paises-membro da Uniao Europeia, apos um pedido protocolado pela Comissao da Uniao Europeia, motivou esta pesquisa. A referida alteracao ensejou a mudanca do criterio de avaliacao, que passou de valor justo para custo amortizado para os instrumentos reclassificados, muito embora alguns bancos nao tenham aderido a reclassificacao, mantendo a orientacao original que determinava a avaliacao pelo valor justo. Embora a alteracao tenha colaborado para que as instituicoes bancarias protelassem essas perdas no resultado contabil, a mesma nao afetou os fluxos de caixa futuros. Por meio de Estudo de Evento, esta pesquisa objetivou testar a Hipotese de Eficiencia de Mercado - HEM, analisando 33 instituicoes bancarias detentoras de titulos soberanos gregos. Como evidenciam os resultados da pesquisa, o mercado foi equitativo com essas instituicoes, penalizando-as com base no grau de exposicao aos titulos gregos, independentemente do criterio utilizado, corroborando a HEM: o valor de um ativo e o valor presente dos fluxos de caixa futuros e nao dos lucros. Nesse sentido, a contribuicao desta pesquisa se revela na oportunidade de, mais uma vez, testar-se a HEM em relacao a adocao ou nao de procedimentos contabeis que alteram o resultado sem alterar os fluxos futuros de caixa. Uma consequencia importante foi que os governos, por meio da terceira revisao do Acordo de Capital de Basileia, adotaram medidas para regulamentar com mais rigor as instituicoes financeiras no intuito de que essas instituicoes, futuramente, possam suportar melhor os efeitos de uma crise financeira.
Briefing: Drought and structural adjustment in Australia

This briefing paper reviews Australian policy experience in managing drought and structural adjustment policies. It finds that government assistance can often do more harm than good at the individual, regional and national level. Challenging conventional wisdom, the paper concludes that the emphasis should be on mechanisms that encourage autonomous adjustment and avoid masking information that signals the extent of the need to change and the need to plan for droughts. Business assistance should be avoided. When assistance is offered, it should be delivered as welfare assistance and encourage those willing to exit the agricultural sector to do so.
Direct intensity modulation of resonant-tunneling-diode terahertz oscillator up to ∼30 GHz

: We proposed and fabricated resonant-tunneling-diode (RTD) terahertz (THz) oscillators with a structure for high-frequency direct modulation, which is useful for high-capacity THz wireless communications. The oscillator is composed of RTD and slot antenna. To obtain high cut-off frequency of direct modulation, the capacitance of the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) layer forming the slot antenna was reduced without decrease in THz output power which was a problem in the previous structure. A cut-off frequency of 30 GHz was obtained in direct intensity modulation of the device oscillating at 350 GHz with the reduced MIM capacitance of 0.7 pF.
Reproductive genetics DNMT 3 B promoter polymorphisms and maternal risk of birth of a child with Down syndrome

Fabio Coppedè1,*, Paolo Bosco2, Pierpaola Tannorella3, Carmelo Romano2, Ivana Antonucci4, Liborio Stuppia4, Corrado Romano2, and Lucia Migliore1,3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pisa University Hospital (AOUP), Via S. Giuseppe 22, Pisa 56126, Italy IRCCS, Oasi Maria SS Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Via Conte Ruggero 73, Troina 94018, Italy Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine University of Pisa, Section of Medical Genetics, Via S. Giuseppe 22, Pisa 56126, Italy ‘DISPUTer’ Department of Psychological, Humanistic and Territorial Sciences, ‘Gabriele d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
Improvement of control-law derivation for D-Σ digital controlled three-phase four-wire inverter

A division-summation (D-Σ) digital control can track sinusoidal reference current in four operation modes: grid-connection, rectification, PF leading and PF lagging mode. It can overcome the limitation of abc to α-β-γ frame transformation and cover wide filter inductance variation. However, the switching sequences for the four modes are different from each other, increasing complexity of firmware programming. In this paper, improvement of control-law derivation for D-Σ digital controlled three-phase four-wire inverter is presented. By selecting the zero crossing points of phase voltages as region transitions, the control laws and the related parameter tables for the four modes can be unified to a general form. The three-phase four-wire inverter topology can be also adopted as an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) application and it can supply unbalanced, linear and rectified loads. With the proposed load impendence estimation, the D-Σ digital control laws can be applied for voltage tracking. The switching sequences of the four modes and UPS mode are all unified to the switching pattern of the grid-connection mode. Additionally, a D-Σ transformation matrix is identified to simplify the derivation procedure of the division (D) and summation (Σ), which can obtain the control law directly. Experimental results measured from a 10 kVA inverter have verified the analysis and discussion.
Motives for Retailer Internationalization to Central and Eastern Europe

This paper focuses on internationalization motives of multinational retailers with regard to three Central and Eastern European countries including Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic. Based on the prior literature reviewed, a comprehensive set of retail internationalization motives was identified. The highest ranked retail internalization motives were found to be concerned more with host country-specific motives than home country and firm-specific motives. The study also found that the relative importance of the retail internalization motives varied most with the retail type of operations, and to a moderate extent with the market entry mode. However, no significant difference was found between the relative importance of the retail internalization motives and host country origin.
Jurisdictional self-reliance for small Island Territories: Considering the partition of Cyprus

Jurisdiction relates to the competence to pass laws, build effective administrative processes, facilitate inward capital flows, encourage education and support the development of a climate conducive to economic growth. This paper argues that jurisdictional capacity provides the foundation for an economic development trajectory which has been successfully deployed in various small, resource-poor, often island, territories. The components of such jurisdictional capacity--in terms of administrative autonomy, island identity, legal powers and the potential for rapid policy deployment--will be referred to for a critical examination of 'The Cyprus Question'. The analysis suggests the partition of Cyprus into two separate sovereign states as solution.
Use of bone biochemical markers with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for early determination of bone loss in persons with spinal cord injury.

Our cross-sectional study aimed at the early determination of changes in bone metabolism in terms of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover in persons with complete spinal cord injury (SCI) during the acute phase of paraplegia. Combined dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and specific biochemical markers of bone turnover were used to determine bone metabolism. Seven persons with SCI (age, 31.3 +/- 9.5 years) who had sustained injury an average of 3 months earlier (103 +/- 10.8 days) were compared with 10 able-bodied controls (27.5 +/- 4.3 years). Four paraplegics and 3 quadriplegics composed the SCI group. BMD was measured by DXA, while bone turnover was evaluated by serum osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP), and serum and urinary type I collagen C-telopeptide (CTXs and CTXu). Regional BMD (proximal femur, lumbar spine, radius, lower limb) was similar in the 2 groups except in the upper limb (P <.05). CTXs and CTXu were significantly higher in SCI (P <.01 and P <.001, respectively), whereas among the bone formation markers used, only serum OC was affected by immobilization (P <.05). The SCI group developed hypercalciuria (0.76 +/- 0.37 v 0.35 +/- 0.14), whereas calcemia was normal (2.42 +/- 0.09 v 2.31 +/- 0.10). Intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and 1.25 (OH)(2) vitamin D levels were suppressed in persons with SCI (P <.001) by 80.6% and 66%, respectively. In conclusion, it was not possible to detect any variation in BMD from the DXA technique at this early stage of demineralization, but the sensitivity and early response of the biochemical markers strongly suggested their usefulness for the early identification of persons with SCI at risk of severe osteoporosis.
Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Linkage Studies of Quantitative Lipid Traits in Families Ascertained for Type 2 Diabetes

Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease, which is the predominant cause of mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes. To date, nine linkage studies for quantitative lipid traits have been performed in families ascertained for type 2 diabetes, individually yielding linkage results that were largely nonoverlapping. Discrepancies in linkage findings are not uncommon and are typically due to limited sample size and heterogeneity. To address these issues and increase the power to detect linkage, we performed a meta-analysis of all published genome scans for quantitative lipid traits conducted in families ascertained for type 2 diabetes. Statistically significant evidence (i.e., P < 0.00043) for linkage was observed for total cholesterol on 7q32.3-q36.3 (152.43–182 cM; P = 0.00004), 19p13.3-p12 (6.57–38.05 cM; P = 0.00026), 19p12-q13.13 (38.05–69.53 cM; P = 0.00001), and 19q13.13-q13.43 (69.53–101.1 cM; P = 0.00033), as well as LDL on 19p13.3-p12 (P = 0.00041). Suggestive evidence (i.e., P < 0.00860) for linkage was also observed for LDL on 19p12-q13.13, triglycerides on 7p11-q21.11 (63.72–93.29 cM), triglyceride/HDL on 7p11-q21.11 and 19p12-q13.13, and LDL/HDL on 16q11.2-q24.3 (65.2–130.4 cM) and 19p12-q13.13. Linkage for lipid traits has been previously observed on both chromosomes 7 and 19 in several unrelated studies and, together with the results of this meta-analysis, provide compelling evidence that these regions harbor important determinants of lipid levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Forecasting Swedish GDP Growth

The purpose of this thesis is to determine the best linear time series model for forecasting Swedish real GDP growth. The study evaluates the performance of random walk, pure autoregressive and vector autoregressive models that use forward looking surveys as explanatory variables. The forecasts from the different models are generated using an expanding information window approach and the different models are evaluated using standard forecast evaluation criteria. The empirical analysis leads to the conclusion that vector autoregressive models based on forward looking surveys best forecast Swedish real GDP growth. Nonetheless, the differences are small and the best performing models are neither statistically significantly better than the second best performing models, the benchmark models, nor even the worse performing models.
Complexity of Products of Modal Logics

A relatively new way of combining modal logics is to consider their products. The main application of these product logics lies in the description of parallel computing processes. Axiomatics and decidability of the validity problem have been rather extensively investigated and many logics behave well in these respects. In this paper we look at the product construction from a computational complexity point of view. We show that in many cases there is a drastic increase in complexity, e.g., all products containing the finite S5×S5 products as models have an nexptime-hard satisfaction problem. Products with a functional modality however do not lead to an increase in complexity. For the products K× S5 and S5× S5, we provide a matching upper bound. Combining (modal) logics is a very active area, witness e.g., [4] and the book [1]. A rather special way of combining two modal logics is to consider their products. This approach started with [20], and has recently been developed in great detail in [5]. In temporal logic, products of two logics have been used to describe the temporal logic of intervals (cf. the “product treatment” of the system HS from [8] in [15]: Chapter 4 and the references therein). Almost all products of temporal logics are undecidable, sometimes the validities are not even recursively enumerable [8, 22]. Products of modal (and modal and temporal) logics have applications in the theory of parallel computing [18]. Here we are concerned with the general mathematical theory of products of modal logics, in particular the complexity of several natural decision problems, like the validity problem. With respect to (Hilbert style) axiomatizability a lot of general results are obtained in [5], cf e.g., Theorem 5.7. That paper also contains decidability results for a large number of cases. The general trend for these results is that they are rather hard to prove, but become a lot easier if one of the logics is S5, though even then the filtration arguments are rather involved, and lead to models whose size is in general double exponential in the length of the formula which is to be satisfied. The upper bounds we obtain from these proofs are very bad, in the general case (when none of the logics is S5), the decision-algorithm is non-elementary, and when one of the logics is S5 we only obtain a non-deterministic double exponential time upper bound for the satisfaction problem. Questions concerning computational complexity, have hitherto not been addressed, and we will make a start here. The overall trend is that these logics have a very bad complexity for the satisfaction problem: in many simple cases it is nexptime-hard. Also, even if the satisfaction problem is decidable, the problem whether for a formula φ there exists a model The author is supported by UK EPSRC grant No. GR/K54946.
Creating a company-wide, on-line, performance management system: A case study at TRW Inc.

When new company leadership took the helm in 2001, TRW sought to create systems that supported what was, in essence, a cultural revolution—a new culture driven by six company-wide “Behaviors. ” Impeding this revolution, however, were the countless systems and methods for evaluating and managing the development of TRW's nearly 100,000 employees. The senior Management Committee challenged TRW's human resources function to create a common, on-line, company-wide system that supports performance appraisal, professional development, and succession management. A cross-disciplinary and cross-business team led by the Director of Leadership Development created a uniform Web-based system in four short months. This system is now in place company-wide in 36 countries on five continents. The approach we took and the success we have enjoyed can be replicated by other organizations seeking a uniform and effective way to evaluate and develop employees. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression of beta1 and beta4 integrins in normal arachnoid membrane and meningiomas.

BACKGROUND The aim of this work was to study the expression of alpha, beta1, and beta4 integrin subunits in meningiomas. METHODS Seventeen atypical or anaplastic meningiomas were retrieved from the files of Hôpital de Bellevue, Saint-Etienne, France. They were compared with 17 benign meningiomas consecutively examined in 1997 and 6 schwannomas. The tumors were classified according to standard histologic criteria. Frozen sections were immunostained for alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, alpha4, alpha5, alpha6, beta1, and beta4 integrin subunits; collagen; laminin and fibronectin; cytokeratin; vimentin; neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM); and MIB-1. RESULTS The study included 7 fibrous meningiomas, 6 transitional meningiomas, 19 syncytial meningiomas, and 2 secretory meningiomas. The expression of alpha1, alpha3, alpha5, alpha6, and beta1 was constant. The expression of alpha1 was higher in fibrous meningiomas than in syncytial meningiomas. Only in transitional, syncytial, and secretory meningiomas was the expression of alpha2 detected. The expression of alpha2 and beta4 was associated with the expression of cytokeratin in the glandular structures of secretory meningiomas, whereas it was associated with NCAM expression in the whorls of meningothelial meningiomas. The expression of integrin receptors by tumor cells was strongly correlated with that of their respective ligands in the extracellular matrix. In invasive meningiomas, the expression of alpha3 and alpha6 by tumor cells was significantly lower. The higher the MIB-1 proliferation index, the lower the expression of alpha3. The 6 schwannomas expressed only alpha2, alpha3, alpha6, beta1, and beta4 integrins. CONCLUSIONS Each histologic subtype of meningioma has a specific spectrum of integrin expression. The study of alpha3 and alpha6 may have prognostic value in the assessment of meningiomas. The study of the integrin profile is valuable for the differential diagnosis of fibrous meningiomas and schwannomas.
Research on the algorithm of community discovery based on the standard deviation of edge — Betweenness

In this paper, we mainly do the research about the non-overlapping community discovery. We use the GN algorithm and LP algorithm to test the randomly generated network, and compare the two algorithms in two layers, which are the time complexity level, and the static network's synchronization capability level. The simulation results show that the two algorithms are applicable to different scenes.
Mycorrhizal associations of trees have different indirect effects on organic matter decomposition

Organic matter decomposition is the main process by which carbon (C) is lost from terrestrial ecosystems, and mycorrhizal associations of plants (i.e. arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) and ectomycorrhizas (ECM)) may have different indirect effects on this loss pathway. AM and ECM plants differ in the soil decomposers they promote and the quality of litter they produce, which may result in different patterns of organic matter decomposition, and hence, soil C loss. To determine how mycorrhizal associations indirectly affect decomposer activity, we collected soils and litters from four AM and four ECM tree species from a mixed‐deciduous temperate forest for a field and laboratory study. We first characterized in situ patterns in soil chemistry and soil microbial biomass among these eight tree species. We then conducted a microcosm experiment with mineral soils, leaf litter and fine roots originating from these tree species, where we reciprocally crossed litters and soils, and quantified the rate of heterotrophic respiration over a 140‐day laboratory incubation. In natural forest conditions, AM tree soils contained lower total C and microbial biomass C:N relative to ECM tree soils. In our microcosm experiment, AM soils supported greater heterotrophic respiration than did ECM soils. The addition of AM litter stimulated respiration more than did ECM litter, owing to the lower C:N of AM litter. Matching the mycorrhizal identity of litter and soil resulted in a difference in total respiration, such that combinations of AM litters with AM soils lost more C than did combinations of ECM litters with ECM soils. Synthesis. Our findings demonstrate that AM and ECM trees have differing indirect effects on soil decomposer activity through the decomposers they cultivate and/or the quality of organic matter they produce. Mycorrhizal differences in litter quality accentuate these effects on soil C loss and may explain patterns in soil C dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems.
Functional Analysis of cis- and trans-Acting Replication Factors of Porcine Circovirus Type 1

ABSTRACT The replication proteins Rep and Rep′ of porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) are both capable of introducing and resealing strand discontinuities at the viral origin of DNA replication in vitro underlying genome amplification by rolling-circle replication. The PCV1 origin of replication encompasses the minimal binding site (MBS) of the Rep and Rep′ proteins and an inverted repeat with the potential to form a stem-loop. In this study, both elements of the PCV1 origin were demonstrated to be essential for viral replication in transfected cells. Furthermore, investigation of conserved amino acid motifs within Rep and Rep′ proteins revealed that the mutation of motifs I, II, and III and of the GKS box interfered with viral replication. In vitro studies demonstrated that motifs I to III were essential for origin cleavage, while the GKS box was dispensable for the initiation of viral replication. A covalent link between Rep/Rep′ and the DNA after origin cleavage was demonstrated, providing a mechanism for energy conservation for the termination of replication.
Intrafamily Entrepreneurship: The Formation and Membership of Family Entrepreneurial Teams

Family entrepreneurial teams are groups of related individuals who engage in entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial teams studies emphasize the resources that members bring to the team. Family business studies suggest that relationships and social theories are important. Social capital explains the formation and composition of family entrepreneurial teams (FETs). Analysis is of case studies of FETs based in Honduras. A shared commitment to entrepreneurial stewardship of the family's assets underpins formation of FETs. Trust and shared values were important for membership. This study highlights that families are not internally consistent, and family ties are not equally strong.