Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
H ∞  observer design for uncertain nonlinear discrete‐time systems with time‐delay: LMI optimization approach

We present a robust H ∞ observer for a class of nonlinear discrete‐time systems. The class under study includes an unknown time‐varying delay limited by upper and lower bounds, as well as time‐varying parametric uncertainties. We design a nonlinear H ∞ observer, by using the upper and lower bounds of the delay, that guarantees asymptotic stability of the estimation error dynamics and is also robust against time‐varying parametric uncertainties. The described problem is converted to a standard optimization problem, which can be solved in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Then, we expand the problem to a multi‐objective optimization problem in which the maximum admissible Lipschitz constant and the minimum disturbance attenuation level are the problem objectives. Finally, the proposed observer is illustrated with two examples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Choosing Different Contour Interval on a Fully Raster-Based Erosion Modeling: Case Study at Merawu Watershed, Banjarnegara, Central Java

The research was aimed to study the efect of choosing different contour interval to produce Digital Elevation Model on a fully raster-based erosion modeling of The Universal Soil Loss Equation using remote sensing data and a geographical information system technique. Methods were applied by analyzing all factors that affecting erosion in GIS environment such data were in the form of raster. Those data were R , K, LS, C and P factors. LS factor was derived from Digital Elevation Model by taking flow direction from each pixel into consideration. Research used 3 contour intervals to produce Digital Elevation Model, i.e. 12.5, 25 and 50 meter. C factor was derived from the formula after applying linearly regression analysis between Normalized Difference Vegetation index of remote sensing data and C factor measured directly on the field. Another analysis was the creation of map of Bulk Density used to convert erosion unit as from Mg ha -1 mo -1 to mm mo -1 . To know the model accuracy, validation of the model was done by applying statistical analysis and by comparing the result of erosion model (E model ) with actual erosion (E actual ) which was measured regularly in Merawu watershed. A threshold value of > 0.80 or > 80% was chosen to justify whether the model was accurate or not. The results showed that all E model using 3 countour intervals have correlation value of > 0.8. These results were strenghtened with the result of analysis of variance which showing there were no difference between E model and E actual . Among the 3 models, only E model using 50 meter countour interval reached the accuracy of 81.13% while the other only had 50.87% (using countour interval 25 meter) and 32.92% (using countour interval 12.5 meter).
Optimal control of a large dam with compound Poisson input and costs depending on water levels

ABSTRACT This paper studies a discrete model of a large dam where the difference between lower and upper levels, L, is assumed to be large. Passage across the levels leads to damage, and the damage costs of crossing the lower or upper level are proportional to the large parameter L. Input stream of water is described by compound Poisson process, and the water cost depends upon current level of water in the dam. The aim of the paper is to choose the parameters of output stream (specifically defined in the paper) minimizing the long-run expenses that include the damage costs and water costs. The present paper addresses the important question: How does the structure of water costs affect the optimal solution? We prove the existence and uniqueness of a solution. A special attention is attracted to the case of linear structure of the costs. As well, the paper contributes to the theory of state-dependent queueing systems. The inter-relations between important characteristics of a state-dependent queueing system are established, and their asymptotic analysis that involves analytic techniques of Tauberian theory and heavy traffic approximations is provided.
Automatic Estimation of Vision Degradation from Color Fundus Image

Fundus image is the image of the interior surface of the eye opposite to the lens and consists of retina, optic disc, macula, fovea, and posterior pole. Some symptoms appear over the retina due to diabetics and increase in intra ocular pressure. Medical signs that can be detected from observation of eye fundus include hemorrhages, exudates, cotton wool spots, blood vessel abnormalities and pigmentation. Out of these pathological features, exudates and hemorrhages cause severe vision loss when they appear over the macula. In this paper the exudates have been extracted using Selective Binary and Gaussian filtering Regularized Level Set (SBGFRLS) by implementing it on blood vessels inpainted image. Inpainting technique reduces the appearance of blood vessels over retina and by using SBGFRLS the pathological features are extracted. Macula is detected using morphology based bit plane slicing and watershed segmentation. Optic disc is extracted using mathematical morphology approach. By detecting the pathological features and the macula, the vision degradation factor has been calculated by finding the region of retinal features affected by pathologies. Depending upon the vision degradation factor, the condition of human eye is estimated. The proposed method has been tested on DRIVE and aria databases and the vision degradation factor has been calculated. Based on the vision degradation factor the condition of the vision can be estimated.
Minority carrier recombination lifetimes in n-type CdMgSe mixed crystals measured by means of the photothermal infrared radiometry

Minority recombination lifetimes of n-type CdMgSe mixed crystals were estimated by using infrared photothermal radiometry (PTR) amplitude and phase frequency spectra. The results obtained by the PTR method indicate that the lifetimes of optically generated carriers in CdSe and CdxMg1−xSe crystals are about 0.1 μs. The diffusion length of minority carrier in n-type CdSe single crystal was found to be 4.42 μm and it is in a good agreement with the literature value. It was found that with the increasing thermal-to-plasma component coefficient A the carrier concentration increases as expected from PTR theory.
Robustness of Cucker-Smale flocking model

Consider a system of autonomous interacting agents moving in space, adjusting each own velocity as a weighted mean of the relative velocities of the other agents. In order to test the robustness of the model, we assume that each pair of agents, at each time step, can fail to connect with certain probability, the failure rate. This is a modification of the (deterministic) Flocking model introduced by Cucker and Smale in Emergent behavior in flocks, IEEE Trans. on Autom. Control, 2007, 52 (May) pp. 852-862. We prove that, if this random failures are independent in time and space, and have linear or sub-linear distance dependent rate of decay, the characteristic behavior of flocking exhibited by the original deterministic model, also holds true under random failures, for all failure rates.
$C^*$ exponential length of commutators unitaries in AH-algebras

For each unital $C^*$-algebra $A$, we denote $cel_{CU}(A)=\sup\{cel(u):u\in CU(A)\}$, where $cel(u)$ is the exponential length of $u$ and $CU(A)$ is the closure of the commutator subgroup of $U_0(A)$. In this paper, we prove that $cel_{CU}(A)=2\pi$ provided that $A$ is an $AH$ algebras with slow dimension growth whose real rank is not zero. On the other hand, we prove that $cel_{CU}(A)\leq 2\pi$ when $A$ is an $AH$ algebra with ideal property and of no dimension growth (if we further assume $A$ is not of real rank zero, we have $cel_{CU}(A)= 2\pi$).
Use of Bootstrapping for estimation of standard deviation and confidence intervals of genetic variance- and covariance-components.

The paper deals with the problem of sampling error of genotypic correlation estimated from a randomised block design. The Bootstrap method is used and two different procedures are studied. Both standard deviations and confidence intervals for the genotypic correlations are calculated in a real experiment. The results show that the estimates might be very unstable. Theoretical considerations indicate that large experiments are needed in order to obtain reliable estimates.
ERRATUM: “EFFICIENT FITTING OF MULTI-PLANET KEPLERIAN MODELS TO RADIAL VELOCITY AND ASTROMETRY DATA” (2009, ApJS, 182, 205)

We correct a mathematical and descriptive error in our manuscript. When radial velocity measurements of stars are made to infer planets’ orbits, it is the argument of periastron (ω) of the star that is reported, since that is the observed quantity. Our derivation incorrectly describes ω in this case as that of the planet. The conclusions and methodology described are correct, as is the output of the RVLIN package described in the published paper. Three equations (which might be used in a practical implementation of the algorithm) should be changed. When radial velocity measurements of stars are made to infer planets’ orbits, it is the argument of periastron of the star (ω) that is usually reported in the literature, since that is the observed quantity. Because the motion of a star due to a single orbiting planet is a point reflection of the planet’s motion, the parameters P, e, tp, i, and Ω and the anomalies f,E, and M are identical for the star and planet in the one-planet case. In Table 1 we define ω (and, by extension, ωj ) to be the argument of periastron of the orbit of the planet about the center of mass of the system. The paper is most easily corrected by reinterpreting all instances of ωj as referring to the portion of the star’s motion due to the influence of the jth planet (which, in the non-interacting approximation of the paper, is purely Keplerian motion, i.e., an ellipse.) Only Equations (69), (72), and (73) need to be modified with this understanding; all other relations and algorithmic descriptions become correct. These are the instances in the paper that should be ignored or modified for clarity, consistency, and correctness: 1. Table 1 should specify that all instances of ω refer to the motion of the star. 2. The first appearance of ω at the beginning of Section 2.1 should specify that this refers to the orbit of the star. 3. The description of orbital parameters in the last paragraph of p. 206 state that they are “the usual Keplerian parameters for the planet j,” when in fact they are for the portion of the star’s reflex motion due to planet j. 4. Footnote 10 and its referring text imply that ω∗ differs from ω and ωj elsewhere in the text, which is incorrect. 5. The sentence after footnote 10 could be clarified to read “. the astrometric elements of the components of the star’s motion about the center of mass of the system due to the planet” 6. Equation (47) is no longer correct and should be ignored; footnote 10 clarifies this point. 7. At the top of the second column on p. 210, there is no need to distinguish ω∗ from ω. 8. Equations (69), (72), and (73) should read tan ωj = Cj Hj (69)
Effect of Extraction Solvents on Total Polyphenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Syzygium Aromaticum L. Flower Bud from Ethiopia

In this study, the antioxidative activity and polyphenolic content of Syzygium aromaticum's flower bud were compared under different extraction solvents including chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous. The antioxidant activity was assessed via established in vitro assay models such as 2, 2-diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, NO− radical scavenging assay, H2O2 scavenging assay and Fe3+ reducing capacity. Total phenolic content was measured according to Folin–Ciocalteu's method, and total flavonoid content was estimated by using the aluminum chloride colorimetric method. The results showed that aqueous extract possessed the highest TPC (19.11 ± 2.76 mg GAE/g DW) and TFC (15.32 ± 1.53 mg CtE/g DW). Among the extracts, methanol extract exerted the strongest radical DPPH quenching activity with an IC50 value of 303.56 ± 13.14 μg/mL. The highest NO− radical scavenging activity was shown by methanol extract (IC50192.94 ± 1.9 μg/mL) which is stronger than BHT (IC50247.64 ± 12.89 μg/mL). Methanol extract showed a strong H2O2 scavenging activity (IC50233.71 ± 3.72 μg/mL). The highest Fe3+ reducing capacity was shown by methanol extract (Absorbance = 0.36 ± 0.05). Strong and positive correlations were observed between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant assays. The results of the present work revealed that the tested spice demonstrated high antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and flavonoids. Thus, this spice is worth considering as important source of natural antioxidant agents.
Coding Closed Geodesics on Modular Surfaces by Use of the Elias Type of Codes

| In this paper we show a procedure for coding geodesics on modular surfaces by use of the Elias type of code for source coding. This procedure implies that the arithmetic codes associated with each primitive hyperbolic matrix can be viewed as a generalization of the Elias codes. The main result of this paper establishes the procedures to be followed in order to identify the arithmetic code and the axis of the geodesic when only the probability associated with the geodesic is given. Several examples are also considered.
Evaluation of visible-light wavelengths that reduce or oxidize the plastoquinone pool in green algae with the activated F0 rise method

Abbreviations : Chl – chlorophyll; F 0 rise – post-illumination rise of chlorophyll a fluorescence; FR – far-red; flv – flavodiiron; FWHM – full width at half maximum; LL – low light; ML – measuring light; PAM – pulse amplitude modulation; PG – propyl gallate; PQ – plastoquinone; PTOX – plastid terminal oxidase; SP – saturating pulse. Acknowledgements : Yagut Allahverdiyeva-Rinne and Martina Jokel-Toivanen are thanked for generously donating C. reinhardtii cc4533 and the flvB mutant. Olli Virtanen is thanked for sharing his expertise and helping with green algal cultivation. Iiris Kuusisto is thanked for assistance in experiments. The Emil Aaltonen Foundation is thanked for its financial support (HM). The studies were conducted in the Molecular Plant Biology unit, the Finnish Infrastructure for Photosynthesis Research. Conflict of interest : The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. We recently developed a chlorophyll a fluorescence method (activated F 0 rise) for estimating if a light wavelength preferably excites PSI or PSII in plants. Here, the method was tested in green microalgae: Scenedesmus quadricauda , Scenedesmus ecornis , Scenedesmus fuscus , Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , Chlorella sorokiniana , and Ettlia oleoabundans . The Scenedesmus species displayed a plant-like action spectra of F 0 rise, suggesting that PSII/PSI absorption ratio is conserved from higher plants to green algae. F 0 rise was weak in a strain of C. reinhardtii , C. sorokiniana , and E. oleoabundans . Interestingly, another C. reinhardtii strain exhibited a strong F 0 rise. The result indicates that the same illumination can lead to different redox states of the plastoquinone pool in different algae. Flavodiiron activity enhanced the F 0 rise, presumably by oxidizing the plastoquinone pool during pre-illumination. The activity of plastid terminal oxidase, in turn, diminished the F 0 rise, but to a small degree.
On products of starlike functions

Let f(z) be regular in the unit disk, \z\ <1, and normalized by /(0) =0,/'(0) = 1. In accord with a definition of Robertson [4], the function/(z) is said to be starlike at least of order a, where O^aâl, if Re{z/'(z)//(z)} ^« for \z\ <1. Any such function is univalent and starlike in the unit disk [4; 7]. A role played by functions which are starlike of positive order in obtaining certain starlike products is given by the following result.
Metric entropy and the number of periodic points

For an ergodic hyperbolic measure μ preserved by a C1+r(r > 0) diffeomorphism f, the exponential growth rate of the number of such periodic points that their atomic measures approximate μ and their Lyapunov exponents approximate the Lyapunov exponents of μ equals the metric entropy hμ(f) (see theorem 2.3). Moreover, this equality holds pointwise μ-a.e. (see theorem 2.4).
Opening carbon nanotubes into zigzag graphene nanoribbons by energy-optimum oxidation

Narrow zigzag graphene nanoribbons are found to have exceptional electronic and magnetic properties but difficult to fabricate. We show by density-functional calculations and an elastic mechanical model that oxygen atoms have strong energetic favorability to adsorb on small-diameter carbon nanotubes and form unzipped C-O-C epoxy chains along a direction of minimum angle to the tube axis. With other oxygen atoms further attacking, the unzipping epoxy chain formed on the energy-optimum direction of the nanotube is broken into carbonyl pairs. These results promise that unique zigzag graphene nanoribbons could be fabricated by oxidization of small-diameter carbon nanotubes with arbitrary chiralities according to the minimum energy principle.
A novel feature matching algorithm based on shape-context between optical and infrared image

Different-source image matching is still a difficult problem in computer vision. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm based on edge information, shape context descriptor and graph matching to make a good performance in the different-source image matching field, especially optical and infrared image. First, as the edge information is a relatively stable in these two kinds of images, we detect the feature point based on the edge information which can reflect the construction information. Then shape context descriptor, which is rotation invariant, scale invariant and translation invariant, is adapted to describe the feature point. Finally, the graph matching algorithm is used for the image matching to eliminate the false matching point. From experimental results, our algorithm is efficient in different-source image matching.
Targeted Nanoparticles for the Binding of Injured Vascular Endothelium after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a common procedure for the management of coronary artery obstruction. However, it usually causes vascular wall injury leading to restenosis that limits the long-term success of the PCI endeavor. The ultimate objective of this study was to develop the targeting nanoparticles (NPs) that were destined for the injured subendothelium and attract endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to the damaged location for endothelium regeneration. Biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs were conjugated with double targeting moieties, which are glycoprotein Ib alpha chain (GPIbα) and human single-chain antibody variable fragment (HuscFv) specific to the cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34). GPIb is a platelet receptor that interacts with the von Willebrand factor (vWF), highly deposited on the damaged subendothelial surface, while CD34 is a surface marker of EPCs. A candidate anti-CD34 HuscFv was successfully constructed using a phage display biopanning technique. The HuscFv could be purified and showed binding affinity to the CD34-positive cells. The GPIb-conjugated NPs (GPIb-NPs) could target vWF and prevent platelet adherence to vWF in vitro. Furthermore, the HuscFv-conjugated NPs (HuscFv-NPs) could capture CD34-positive cells. The bispecific NPs have high potential to locate at the damaged subendothelial surface and capture EPCs for accelerating the vessel repair.
Schrödinger operators with decaying randomness - Pure point spectrum

Here we show that for Schr\"{o}dinger operator with decaying random potential with fat tail single site distribution, the negative spectrum shows a transition from essential spectrum to discrete spectrum. We study the Schr\"{o}dinger operator $H^\omega=-\Delta+\displaystyle\sum_{n\in\mathbb{Z}^d}a_n\omega_n\chi_{_{(0,1]^d}}(x-n)$ on $L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)$. Here we take $a_n=O(|n|^{-\alpha})$ for large $n$ where $\alpha>0$, and $\{\omega_n\}_{n\in\mathbb{Z}^d}$ are i.i. d real random variables with absolutely continuous distribution $\mu$ such that $\frac{d\mu}{dx}(x)=O\big(|x|^{-(1+\delta)}\big)~as~|x|\to\infty$, for some $\delta>0$. We show that $H^\omega$ exhibits exponential localization on negative part of spectrum independent of the parameters chosen. For $\alpha\delta\leq d$ we show that the spectrum is entire real line almost surely, but for $\alpha\delta>d$ we have $\sigma_{ess}(H^\omega)=[0,\infty)$ and negative part of the spectrum is discrete almost surely. In some cases we show the existence of the absolutely continuous spectrum.
Beam-Level Frequency-Domain Digital Predistortion for OFDM Massive MIMO Transmitters

In this article, a novel digital predistortion (DPD) solution for fully digital multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) transmitters (TXs) is proposed. Opposed to classical DPD solutions that operate at TX chain or antenna level, the proposed DPD operates at the stream or beam level, and hence, its complexity is proportional to the number of spatially multiplexed streams or users rather than to the number of antennas. In addition, the proposed beam-level DPD operates in the frequency domain (FD), which makes it possible to provide flexible frequency-dependent linearization of the transmit waveforms. This feature is very well suited to the linearity requirements applicable at the 5G new radio (NR) frequency-range 2 (FR2), where the inband quality requirements commonly limit the feasible TX power and can also vary significantly within the channel bandwidth depending on the utilized data modulation and coding schemes of the different frequency-multiplexed users. Altogether, the proposed solution enables a large reduction in the computational complexity of the overall DPD system, and its performance is demonstrated and verified through both experimental and simulation-based results.
Computer Program Exchange

It is often desirable to have a quantitative measure of the relative importance of each predictor variable in a multiple regression analysis. Relative importance is defined as the proportionate contribution each predictor makes to R2, considering the unique contribution of it alone and when combined with other variables. The determination of relative importance is straightforward when predictor variables are uncorrelated—the squared zero-order correlations with the criterion sum to R2 and represent the unique contribution of each variable. This simple relationship does not exist when predictors have non-zero intercorrelations, however, and zero-order correlations or standardized regression coefficients are inadequate for assessing the relative importance of predictors.
Recovery of time dependent coefficients from boundary data for hyperbolic equations

We study uniqueness of the recovery of a time-dependent magnetic vector-valued potential and an electric scalar-valued potential on a Riemannian manifold from the knowledge of the Dirichlet to Neumann map of a hyperbolic equation. The Cauchy data is observed on time-like parts of the space-time boundary and uniqueness is proved up to the natural gauge for the problem. The proof is based on Gaussian beams and inversion of the light ray transform on Lorentzian manifolds under the assumptions that the Lorentzian manifold is a product of a Riemannian manifold with a time interval and that the geodesic ray transform is invertible on the Riemannian manifold.