Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multisatellite observations of the outer zone electron variation during the November 3–4, 1993, magnetic storm

The disappearance and reappearance of outer zone energetic electrons during the November 3{endash}4, 1993, magnetic storm is examined utilizing data from the Solar, Anomalous, and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer (SAMPEX), the Global Positioning System (GPS) series, and the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) sensors onboard geosynchronous satellites. The relativistic electron flux drops during the main phase of the magnetic storm in association with the large negative interplanetary B{sub z} and rapid solar wind pressure increase late on November 3. Outer zone electrons with E{gt}3MeV measured by SAMPEX disappear for over 12 hours at the beginning of November 4. This represents a 3 orders of magnitude decrease down to the cosmic ray background of the detector. GPS and LANL sensors show similar effects, confirming that the flux drop of the energetic electrons occurs near the magnetic equator and at all pitch angles. Enhanced electron precipitation was measured by SAMPEX at L{ge}3.5. The outer zone electron fluxes then recover and exceed prestorm levels within one day of the storm onset and the inner boundary of the outer zone moves inward to smaller L ({lt}3). These measurements provide a data set which is examined in detail and used to determine the mechanisms contributing tomore » the loss and recovery of the outer zone electron flux. The loss of the inner part of the outer zone electrons is partly due to the adiabatic effects associated with the decrease of Dst, while the loss of most of the outer part (those electrons initially at L{ge}4.0) is due to either precipitation into the atmosphere or drift to the magnetopause because of the strong compression of the magnetosphere by the solar wind. The recovery of the energetic electron flux is due to the adiabatic effects associated with the increase in Dst, and at lower energies ({lt}0.5MeV) due to rapid radial diffusion driven by the strong magnetic activity during the recovery phase of the storm. (Abstract Truncated)« less
Language-Independent Bilingual Terminology Extraction from a Multilingual Parallel Corpus

We present a language-pair independent terminology extraction module that is based on a sub-sentential alignment system that links linguistically motivated phrases in parallel texts. Statistical filters are applied on the bilingual list of candidate terms that is extracted from the alignment output. We compare the performance of both the alignment and terminology extraction module for three different language pairs (French-English, French-Italian and French-Dutch) and highlight language-pair specific problems (e.g. different compounding strategy in French and Dutch). Comparisons with standard terminology extraction programs show an improvement of up to 20% for bilingual terminology extraction and competitive results (85% to 90% accuracy) for monolingual terminology extraction, and reveal that the linguistically based alignment module is particularly well suited for the extraction of complex multiword terms.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activation stimulates PKA-mediated phosphorylation of Raptor and this contributes to the weight loss effect of liraglutide

The canonical target of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), Protein Kinase A (PKA), has been shown to stimulate mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) by phosphorylating the mTOR-regulating protein Raptor at Ser791 following β-adrenergic stimulation. The objective of these studies is to test whether GLP-1R agonists similarly stimulate mTORC1 via PKA phosphorylation of Raptor at Ser791 and whether this contributes to the weight loss effect of the therapeutic GLP-1R agonist liraglutide. We measured phosphorylation of the mTORC1 signaling target ribosomal protein S6 in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells expressing GLP-1R (CHO-Glp1r) treated with liraglutide in combination with PKA inhibitors. We also assessed liraglutide-mediated phosphorylation of the PKA substrate RRXS*/T* motif in CHO-Glp1r cells expressing Myc-tagged wild-type (WT) Raptor or a PKA-resistant (Ser791Ala) Raptor mutant. Finally, we measured the body weight response to liraglutide in WT mice and mice with a targeted knock-in of PKA-resistant Ser791Ala Raptor. Liraglutide increased phosphorylation of S6 and the PKA motif in WT Raptor in a PKA-dependent manner but failed to stimulate phosphorylation of the PKA motif in Ser791Ala Raptor in CHO-Glp1r cells. Lean Ser791Ala Raptor knock-in mice were resistant to liraglutide-induced weight loss but not setmelanotide-induced (melanocortin-4 receptor-dependent) weight loss. Diet-induced obese Ser791Ala Raptor knock-in mice were not resistant to liraglutide-induced weight loss; however, there was weight-dependent variation such that there was a tendency for obese Ser791Ala Raptor knock-in mice of lower relative body weight to be resistant to liraglutide-induced weight loss compared to weight-matched controls. Together, these findings suggest that PKA-mediated phosphorylation of Raptor at Ser791 contributes to liraglutide-induced weight loss.
Flat Prices, Cell Phone Base Stations, and Network Structure

The present paper analyses the effect of the distance to the nearest CPBS on listing prices of flats in the city of Nuremberg, and is related to a similar study of Brandt and Maennig (2012) in case of the city of Hamburg. Health effects of mobile phone radiation have been discussed vividly in the German public and there is still ongoing opposition against cell phone base stations (CPBS) in residential areas. Besides a negative health effect, a CBPS site is often perceived to be visually disruptive in a residential neighborhood. Therefore, a negative effect on property values due to the proximity to CBPS is expected. However, the empirical evidence is mixed and focused on rural areas (Bond 2007) while we consider an urban area. Furthermore, the endogeneity of CPBS locations and thus the identification of the effect is still an issue. The empirical approach applied here is based on a hedonic price function of housing prices. The hedonic regressions used to identify the effect of the distance to the nearest CPBS take account of housing and neighborhood characteristics but also a possible endogeneity of the variable of interest. Following the critique of Pinkse & Slade (2010) and Gibbons & Overman (2012) who advocate the use of the quasi-experimental approach, we develop an instrument for the estimation of local price effects of CPBS in an urban area. The instrument is derived from the spatial structure of the network and technical and regulatory requirements. Such a strategy could be also useful in other contexts in which location choice is endogenous but depends on an existing network structure. We find a significantly negative impact of nearby CPBS on flat prices. The discount amounts to 3.3% of a property's value when two similar flats at distances of 50 and 100 m to the nearest CPBS are compared. The effect size is comparable to findings of other studies. The results of the main OLS and IV specifications are robust to several modifications that include e.g. spatially lagged prices. The small difference between OLS and IV results suggests that the distance to the nearest CPBS is not endogenous, in opposition to Brandt & Maennig (2012). Both authors argue that CPBS are likely to be located on "visually disruptive" structures However, such structures are rare in city centres where the network is dense and distances to CPBS are smaller. Consequently, the endogeneity problem may be less relevant. Further theme: S_Y The Causal Impact of Infrastructure on Regional Economic Activity
A Comparison of Methods For Combining Dual-sensor Ocean-bottom Cable Traces

Five methods of combining ocean-bottom hydrophone and geophone traces were tested using a simple model that clearly illustrated their relative abilities to attenuate watercolumn reverberations. The model consisted of a 26.6 meter water layer and a single deep reflector at 1.0 seconds. It contained a hydrophone and geophone trace corresponding to each water-bottom reflection coefficient value ranging from -0.8 to 0.8 in steps of 0.1. The water layer generated source and receiver location reverberations with a period of 36 milliseconds.
Evaluation of Recharge Potential at Crater U5a (WISHBONE)

Radionuclides are present both below and above the water table at the Nevada Test Site (NTS), as the result of underground nuclear testing. Mobilization and transport of radionuclides from the vadose zone is a complex process that is influenced by the solubility and sorption characteristics of the individual radionuclides, as well as the soil water flux. On the NTS, subsidence craters resulting from testing underground nuclear weapons are numerous, and many intercept surface water flows. Because craters collect surface water above the sub-surface point of device detonation, these craters may provide a mechanism for surface water to recharge the groundwater aquifer system underlying the NTS. Given this situation, there is a potential for the captured water to introduce contaminants into the groundwater system. Crater U5a (WISHBONE), located in Frenchman Flat, was selected for study because of its potentially large drainage area, and significant erosional features, which suggested that it has captured more runoff than other craters in the Frenchman Flat area. Recharge conditions were studied in subsidence crater U5a by first drilling boreholes and analyzing the collected soil cores to determine the soil properties and moisture conditions. This information, coupled with a 32-year precipitation record, was used to conduct surface and vaodse zone modeling. Surface water modeling predicted that approximately 13 ponding events had occurred during the life of the crater. Vadose zone modeling indicated that since the crater's formation approximately 5,900 m3 of water were captured by the crater. Of this total, approximately 5,200 m3 of potential recahrge may have occurred, and the best estimates of annual average potential recharge rates lie between 36 and 188 cm of water per year. The term potential is used here to indicate that the water is not technically recharged because it has not yet reached the water table.
Efficient Exploration and Exploitation for Sequential Music Recommendation

Music streaming services heavily rely upon recommender systems to acquire, engage, and retain users. One notable component of these services are playlists, which can be dynamically generated in a sequential manner based on the user’s feedback during a listening session. Online learning to rank approaches have recently been shown effective at leveraging such feedback to learn users’ preferences in the space of song features. Nevertheless, these approaches can suffer from slow convergence as a result of their random exploration component and their session-agnostic exploitation component. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel online learning to rank approach which efficiently explores the space of candidate recommendation models by restricting itself to the orthogonal complement of the subspace of previous underperforming exploration directions. Moreover, we propose a session-aware exploitation component which leverages the momentum of the current best model during updates. Our thorough evaluation using simulated listening sessions from two large Last.fm datasets demonstrates substantial improvements over state-of-the-art approaches in terms of early-stage performance, which results in an improved user experience during online learning. In addition, we demonstrate that long-term convergence can be further enhanced by adaptively relaxing exploration constraints along the way.
An internal analysis of SGP/CART radiosonde performance during the September 1996 Water Vapor intensive operations period

The September 1996 Water Vapor Intensive Operations Period (IOP) provided an excellent opportunity to investigate further the operational performance of the radiosondes used by ARM at the SGP/CART site. Although many instrument intercomparisons were conducted during the IOP, the lack of an accepted absolute standard makes evaluation of the results difficult. By focusing on information obtained from the radiosondes themselves, with minimal reference to external instruments, we hope to eliminate much of the uncertainty associated with comparing different measurement systems.
Response of monsoon precipitation in the Himalayas to global warming

[1] Reconstruction of annual net accumulation using ice cores from the Dasuopu glacier reveals monsoon precipitation variability in the central Himalayas over the past three centuries. We found that the broad features of the snow accumulation are reverse to the Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction over the past 300 years. On average, a 0.1°C change in Northern Hemisphere temperature is associated with about 100 ± 10 mm change in snow accumulation in the Dasuopu ice core. Especially during the period 1920–1995 the snow accumulation in the Dasuopu ice core decreased about 500 mm while Northern Hemisphere temperature increased about 0.5°C, which contrasts with previous studies that indicate an increase of summer monsoon precipitation in High Asia is a consequence of global warming. For the period 1900–1995 Indian monsoon precipitation in the Himalayas, Nepal, Bangladesh and northern India highly correlate with the thermal contrast between the Tibetan Plateau and the tropic Indian Ocean. Although the Tibetan Plateau has experienced statistically significant warming until to the early 1960s, the linear warming trend on the Tibetan Plateau is still less than that in the tropical Indian Ocean during the period 1900–1995, suggesting a decreasing thermal contrast between the Tibetan Plateau and the tropical Indian Ocean. We infer that transportation of water vapor from the tropical Indian Ocean to the Himalayas is decreasing as a result of the decreasing thermal contrast between the Tibetan Plateau and the tropical Indian Ocean.
Shikonin suppresses progression and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by modulating miR‐106b/SMAD7/TGF‐β signaling pathway

Shikonin is a natural naphthoquinone component with antioxidant and anti‐tumor function and has been used for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. According to the previous study, many herbs can regulate cancer cell progression by targeting specific microRNA (miRNA) (Liu, 2016). However, the underlying pathological mechanism of shikonin in HCC therapy is still unclear. The detection of cell growth and death rate were performed by hemacytometry and trypan blue staining, respectively. The expression of miR‐106b and SMAD7 messenger RNA (mRNA) in HCC cells was evaluated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration ability were measured by cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8), flow cytometry, and transwell assay. The expression of proteins E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, vimentin, SMAD7, TGF‐β1, p‐SMAD3, SMAD3, and GAPDH was examined by western blot. The interaction between SMAD7 and miR‐106b was assessed by luciferase reporter system. Shikonin inhibited Huh7 and HepG2 cell growth in a dose‐dependent manner while induced cell death in a time‐dependent manner. In addition, the expression of miR‐106b was reduced after shikonin treatment. Moreover, miR‐106b attenuated the suppressive effects of shikonin on HCC cell migration and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). SMAD7 was predicted as a target of miR‐106b and the prediction was confirmed by luciferase reporter system. Additionally, we observed that SMAD7 reversed the promotive effects of miR‐106b on HCC cell progression and EMT. The subsequent western blot assay revealed that shikonin could modulate SMAD7/TGF‐β signaling pathway by targeting miR‐106b. In conclusion, Shikonin suppresses cell progression and EMT and accelerates cell death of HCC cells via modulating miR‐106b/SMAD7/TGF‐β signaling pathway, suggesting shikonin could be an effective agent for HCC treatment.
A high-performance stereo vision system for obstacle detection

Intelligent vehicle research to date has made great progress toward true autonomy. Integrated systems for on-road vehicles, which include road following, headway maintenance, tactical-level planning, avoidance of large obstacles, and inter-vehicle coordination have been demonstrated. One of the weakest points of current automated cars, however, is the lack of a reliable system to detect small obstacles on the road surface. In order to be useful at highway speeds, such a system must be able to detect small (∼15cm) obstacles at long ranges (∼100m), with a cycle rate of at least 2 Hz. This dissertation presents an obstacle detection system that uses trinocular stereo to detect very small obstacles at long range on highways. The system makes use of the apparent orientation of surfaces in the image in order to determine whether pixels belong to vertical or horizontal surfaces. A simple confidence measure is applied to reject false positives introduced by image noise. The system is capable of detecting objects as small as 14cm high at ranges well in excess of 100m. The obstacle detection system described here relies on several factors. First, the camera system is configured in such a way that even small obstacles generate detectable range measurements. This is done by using a very long baseline, telephoto lenses, and rigid camera mounts. Second, extremely accurate calibration procedures allow accurate determination of these range differences. Multibaseline stereo is used to reduce the number of false matches and to improve range accuracy. Special image filtering techniques are used to enhance the very weak image textures present on the road surface, reducing the number of false range measurements. Finally, a technique for determining the surface orientation directly from stereo data is used to detect the presence of obstacles. A system to detect obstacles is not useful if it does not run in near real-time. In order to improve performance, this dissertation includes a detailed analysis of each stage of the stereo algorithm. An efficient method for rectifying images for trinocular stereo is presented. An analysis of memory usage and cache performance of the stereo matching loop has been performed to allow efficient implementation on systems using general-purpose CPUs. Finally, a method for efficiently determining surface orientation directly from stereo data is described.
C-Terminal Moiety of Tudor Contains Its In Vivo Activity in Drosophila

Background In early Drosophila embryos, the germ plasm is localized to the posterior pole region and is partitioned into the germline progenitors, known as pole cells. Germ plasm, or pole plasm, contains the polar granules which form during oogenesis and are required for germline development. Components of these granules are also present in the perinuclear region of the nurse cells, the nuage. One such component is Tudor (Tud) which is a large protein containing multiple Tudor domains. It was previously reported that specific Tudor domains are required for germ cell formation and Tud localization. Methodology/Principal Findings In order to better understand the function of Tud the distribution and functional activity of fragments of Tud were analyzed. These fragments were fused to GFP and the fusion proteins were synthesized during oogenesis. Non-overlapping fragments of Tud were found to be able to localize to both the nuage and pole plasm. By introducing these fragments into a tud mutant background and testing their ability to rescue the tud phenotype, I determined that the C-terminal moiety contains the functional activity of Tud. Dividing this fragment into two parts reduces its localization in pole plasm and abolishes its activity. Conclusions/Significance I conclude that the C-terminal moiety of Tud contains all the information necessary for its localization in the nuage and pole plasm and its pole cell-forming activity. The present results challenge published data and may help refining the functional features of Tud.
A melt inclusion study of the Sudbury Igneous Complex (Ontario, Canada) : evidence for two-liquid immiscibility and constraints on trace element distribution

The Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC), Ontario, Canada, is the product of a massive bolide impact and has been studied extensively due to its rich endowment of magmatic sulfide (Ni-Cu-platinum-group element) ore deposits. In this study, apatite-hosted melt inclusions from the Main Mass and quartz diorite offset dikes are analyzed for trace and major element compositions. The results of apatite-hosted melt inclusion major and trace element chemistry show two contrasting Siand Fe-rich coevally (co-entrapped) melt inclusions are present in the SIC Main Mass and offset dikes. The apatite-hosted melt inclusions from the mineralized Whistle offset dike are enriched in Ni by up to 4 orders of magnitude compared to those melt inclusions trapped in the units stratigraphically higher in the SIC. This study provides the first in-situ determination of actual ore metal concentrations from early trapped melt of the SIC and trace element partitioning behavior between immiscible liquids in nature.
Plant Use in the Mesolithic and its Role in the Transition to Farming

The purpose of this paper is to review the current evidence for plant use in Mesolithic Europe and to summarize its implications. In order to do so, four sources of data are examined: macrobotanical remains, palynological data, artefactual evidence, and the human biological record. A prelimary survey of palaeobotanical evidence for plant use in the Mesolithic indicates that the evidence is far more extensive than expected hitherto and that accumulations of plant food, especially of nuts, point to their regular and extensive use. In those areas such as Britain, where a large number of fine-resolution palynological studies have been carried out, the incidence of clearance and burning phases seems to be too high to be explained by acts of nature alone. A good case can be made for deliberate forest clearance and the maintenance of a more open landscape by Late Mesolithic groups as part of a promotional strategy to increase the productivity of nut and fruit trees and shrubs, wetland plants, and possibly native grasses. Artefactual evidence points to a widespread distribution of soil-working tools (hoes and antler mattocks), especially in temperate Europe, and to a greater than expected presence of reaping and grinding equipment, lending conditional support for the existence of a specialized plant processing tool kit for digging, reaping, and plant processing. Palaeopathological evidence indicates the existence of a dietary pattern in the west Mediterranean making extensive use of starchy and carbohydrate foods which resulted in a high caries rate among the Mesolithic population of that area. In discussing the signiftcanse of these four lines of evidence, it is argued that, by the Late Mesolithic, the patterns of plant use support the notion of wild plant food husbandry instead of the incidental and opportunistic use of plants for food which has implicitly been accepted as a norm for the Mesolithic in Europe. Three geographical areas can be identified with their specific pattern of plant use: temperate Europe, Mediterranean Europe, and the south-eastern Balkans/Pontic Steppe. The patterns of plant use suggested in this paper emphasize the additive nature of the adoption of the agro-pastoral Neolithic farming practices in Europe.