Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gas-side fouling in heat-recovery boilers

• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
EVALUATING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

Discussions of "sustainable development" call attention to various dimensions of human well-being to be considered concomitantly with traditional financial and economic measures. The challenge of environmental impact analysis (EIA) is to encourage re-design of projects so that net benefits are maximized over some weighting of economic, environmental, and other criteria. To date, development organizations have been under attack by environmentalists for ignoring or conveniently overlooking environmental damages of development projects. Explanations for this include inadequate institutional commitment to link resource conservation with economic development, short time horizons, narrow evaluation criteria, problems of monetary valuation, and problems with implementation of EIAs. The future of EIAs will see a number of changes to correct for these deficiencies. Evaluation of project impacts in isolation may yield to a more comprehensive environmental assessment for entire regions. Projects will not be funded without the assurance of specific policy conditions for environmental management. The technology of EIA will advance with the assistance of geographic information systems and related tools for data management. Cost-benefit analysis of development projects will continue to integrate the work of project economists with engineers, agronomists, and other specialists with knowledge of environmental issues. Methods of multiple criteria evaluation represent an advance over the partial approaches of EIA and cost-benefit analysis. There is considerable support for moving towards longer project cycles and extended planning periods within the total cycle, meaning that EIA can be more extensive and continuous than in the past. Within the development organizations, reconsideration of personnel accountability and reward systems is one of the strategies to raise the prominence of environmental issues. Each year presents more case studies, videos, and other didactic materials for training in EIA. Finally, the question of improving EIA is a matter of demanding stronger institutions for proactive planning, technical analysis, and policy reforms favorable to environmental protection.
Securities Transaction Tax and Market Volatility

One well-known regulatory mechanism in securities markets is the use of a securities transaction tax (STT). The conventional wisdom suggests that increases in an STT reduce market volatility by discouraging the trading activity of destabilising short-term traders. A contrary view argues that STT may well increase market volatility due to the reduction in market liquidity. This article rationalises both views in a general equilibrium framework with noise trading. With fundamental risk and supply risk the model is able to document both the conventional wisdom and the contrarian view. We also discuss special cases where there is only fundamental risk or supply risk.
Testing New Direct Marketing Offerings: the Interplay of Management Judgment and Statistical Models

The launch of a new product or service via direct marketing is nearly always preceded by a test of that offering. Such a "live" test, conducted with a subset of the entire list of customer prospects, can sometimes be useful in a "go/no-go" decision regarding a full-scale launch of the offering. More commonly, the test is used to direct the offering more effectively toward the market segments that appear most promising. Specifically, test results are used and useful to determine whether a particular rental list of customer prospects should indeed be rented, and(for both rental and in-house lists) which specific customer segments should be contacted with the offering. This paper examines the effectiveness of managers' decisions related to designing a test and interpreting test results both conceptually-based on the literature of heuristics and biases in expert judgments-and empirically, for two new direct marketing offers. The paper describes how an interplay of management judgment and statistical models can lead to increased profits for new direct marketing offerings.
Playing by the rules: Restricted endowment assets in colleges and universities

Endowments serve as financial buffers and safety nets for post-secondary institutions in uncertain financial times. Donor-restricted gifts and bequests often complicate the management and deployment of endowment assets. Public policy concerns, the Uniform Management of Institutional Funds Acts, and related case law are changing approaches used by states to alter the donors' “dead hand” when time and circumstances make carrying out conditions of restricted bequests unworkable.
Scenario Planning Approach to Strategic Management of Small Travel Business in Malaysia

Scenario planning, an alternative strategic management tool, has given a new meaning and dimension to the way strategy should be thought, discussed and implemented in organizations. This paper introduces scenario planning in the way the turbulent world should be better managed by looking for possible futures and not predicting the only future. No matter how rational strategic planners are, the complexity of the business environment would still leave the planners guessing of their planned and predicted future. This study undertaken using scenario planning technique by looking at the future of the small travel business in Malaysia. The three plausible scenarios discovered were ‘stormy weather’, ‘blizzards’ and ‘occasional shower’. The study recommended that strategic options available for the businesses were ‘differentiation’, ‘new services’, ‘diversification and mergers/acquisition’. These options are applicable for all scenarios.
Return to Sports and Recreational Activity after Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

Background There is a lack of detailed information concerning patients’ sports and recreational activities after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Hypothesis Patients treated by unicompartmental knee arthroplasty will be able to return to sports and activity. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods The authors surveyed 83 patients by postal questionnaires to determine their sporting and recreational activities at a mean follow-up of 18 ± 4.6 months (range, 12-28) after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. For data analysis, patients were divided into groups of women and men, and older and younger patients (those above and below the median age of the group). The authors also assessed the state of general health (SF-36) of the patients at the time of the survey and compared the results with those of a matched (for age and side-diagnoses) reference population. Results Before surgery, 77 of 83 patients were engaged in an average of 5.0 sports and recreational disciplines; postoperatively, 73 (88%) participated in an average of 3.1 different sports disciplines, resulting in a return to activity rate of 95%. The frequency of activities (sessions per week) was 2.9 preoperatively and remained constant at the time of survey (2.8). The group of older patients (mean age 73.0 y) revealed a significantly higher frequency than the group of younger patients (mean age 57.8 y). The minimum session length decreased from 66 minutes before surgery to 55 minutes after surgery. The most common activities after surgery were hiking, cycling, and swimming. Several high-impact activities, as well as the winter disciplines of downhill- and cross-country skiing had a significant decrease in participating patients. The majority of the patients (90.3%) stated that surgery had maintained or improved their ability to participate in sports or recreational activities. The patients generally scored very high on the SF-36 compared with the matched reference population. Higher SF-36 values in the physical-related domains correlated with an increased level of activity (r = 0.425). The preoperative body mass index showed a weak, negative correlation with the postoperative extent of activities (r = —0.282). Conclusion The majority of patients returned to sports and recreational activity after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. However, the numbers of different disciplines patients were engaged in decreased as well as the extent of activities. The activities in which most patients participated were primarily low- or midimpact. The patients scored higher on the SF-36 than age-related norms, which might be due to the patient-selection process for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty and geographical differences.
The economics of labor markets and labor relations

reviewing my own tabulations (in The Changing Profile of Pensions in America, 1985) and those in Ippolito and Kolodrubetz's edited volume (The Handbook of Pension Statistics, 1985). They conclude that "it does not appear that ERISA has resulted in the reduction of pension coverage," and they attribute the decline in coverage rates between 1979 and 1983 to the impact of the recession. In light of recent Census Bureau data, however, the recessionary impact only partly explains the coverage rate decline. The pensionplan participation rate for workers age 25 to 64, based on the March Current Population Survey Income Supplement, shows a consistent six-year downward trend from 1979 through 1985. Furthermore, statistical analysis of the pension coverage rate using CPS Pension Supplement data indicates a decline in the rate between 1979 and 1983 that cannot be attributed to employment shifts across industries or differences in work force characteristics. This decline may be the effect of economic conditions, omitted variables, or legislative change. The fifth chapter discusses some of the pros and cons of defined benefit and defined contribution plans, and the seventh chapter discusses problems with the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. Although these subjects are both important, the book would have been stronger if the authors had expanded Chapters 4 and 6 instead. There are many unanswered questions about pension coverage and plan formation. For instance, Bureau of Labor Statistics data on large and medium-size firms and the PWBA data both suggest considerable growth in coverage under secondary and tertiary pension plans. In other words, many employees working for large employers are included in both a basic defined benefit pension plan and also in a defined contribution plan. Furthermore, some may have a third pension or retirement plan perhaps in the form of a 401(k) plan to which the employee makes contributions on a tax-deferred basis. Coverage-rate trends based on the PWBA data for pension plans and those based on the CPS Pension Supplement differ. If the authors had narrowed their focus and concentrated on some of these unanswered questions, they could have made a more important contribution to policy research in a dynamic regulatory area.
Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Nanoprobes for Imaging

Despite the advantages of bioluminescence (BL) over fluorescence, its potential use for in vivo imaging has been hindered because BL signals emitted at short wavelengths are strongly attenuated by light scattering and absorption under in vivo conditions. To tackle this issue, BL resonance energy transfer (BRET) nanoprobes have been developed by using different bioluminescent proteins and fluorescent counterparts including nanoparticles. Here, we review the recent advances in BL nanoprobes and their applications in in vivo imaging and/or the diagnosis of target molecules. With the aim of furthering research and development, we suggest that BRET nanoprobes with improved stability, reduced toxicity, and near infrared-emitting properties will have great potential for in vivo applications in fundamental biology and nanomedicine.
Elementary EFL Teachers' Computer Phobia and Computer Self-Efficacy in Taiwan.

The advent and application of computer and information technology has increased the overall success of EFL teaching; however, such success is hard to assess, and teachers prone to computer avoidance face negative consequences. Two major obstacles are high computer phobia and low computer self-efficacy. However, little research has been carried out in this area, especially from instructors’ perspectives. This study aimed to determine the levels of computer anxiety and computer self-efficacy, and their correlations to classroom teaching among 300 elementary EFL teachers in Taiwan. Data were collected through survey method. Results indicated that teachers have moderate to high computer phobia and low computer self-efficacy. It is evidenced that computer phobia is negatively associated with computer self-efficacy. Also, it was found that teachers who frequently used computers showed lower computer phobia. Male teachers perceived themselves as having higher computer self-efficacy, and younger teachers tended to have a lower level of computer phobia and higher computer self-efficacy. High accessibility of computers at school for teachers would significantly lower computer anxiety and raise computer self-efficacy. In addition to investigating these two specific factors, evidence and implications for practice and directions for further research are also discussed.
Spinal chordomas.

A series of 54 patients with spinal chordomas were treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1949 and 1976. Thirty-six lesions were located in the sacrococcygeal region and 18 involved the vertebral column at a higher level. The male to female ratio was 35:19. Vertebral chordomas generally occurred in a younger age group. Our radiological findings suggest that there is marked soft-tissue extension anterior to the vertebral column at the time of initial diagnosis. Eleven of 18 vertebral chordomas and 10 of 36 sacral chordomas were found to have disseminated metastases during their course. Analysis of the various modes of therapy reveals that the median survival for both groups is approximately 6 years. However, the 5-year survival for the sacrococcygeal group was 66% as opposed to 50% for the vertebral group. Radiation therapy produced significant palliation but objective evidence of tumor regression was difficult to assess. Chemotherapy in a small number of patients did not have any effect on the tumor. With the advent of computerized tomography scanning, further studies should be done to document the response of this tumor to radiation therapy.
Unwrapping Stock Transfers: Applying Discourse Analysis to Landlord Communication Strategies

This paper applies the principles of critical discourse analysis to material produced by public landlords to inform tenants about transfer proposals. It refers in particular to the case of Scottish Homes, a quango landlord currently seeking to transfer all its tenanted housing stock to alternative landlords. It starts by setting out some background on the policy context for stock transfer in the UK as a whole and from Scottish Homes in particular. Recent Scottish Homes material is then examined with reference to Fairclough's framework for critical discourse analysis. The paper concludes that it may be too difficult for disposing landlords to counteract the strength of resistant readings from competing informal discourse, however skilful their own marketing, and that discourse analysis is a useful public policy research tool for specific pieces of discourse, particularly in helping to investigate the management of communication.
Workplace bullying, industrial relations and the challenge for management in Britain and Sweden

This article explores workplace bullying in Britain and Sweden. It compares and contrasts the patterns of bullying in the two countries, examines the attitudes and responses of employers and explores the different legal frameworks. It adopts a contextualized approach and explores the possibility of a connection between workplace bullying issues and the distinctive patterns of industrial relations in the two countries. The article draws on previously published material to examine these questions, suggesting possibilities for new empirical research.
A Study on the KBS TV Drama Winter Sonata and its Impact on Korea's Hallyu Tourism Development

The purpose of this paper is to examine the ties between the success of a TV drama Winter Sonata, produced by the Korean Broadcasting System (KBS), and the flow of tourism into Korea. By deconstructing the Hallyu phenomenon, started in part by Winter Sonata, the study tries to determine possibilities for Korean tourism expansion. Literature reviews, tourism data, interviews with specialists, and actual pieces of feedback from Winter Sonata's Egyptian audience are referred to draw conclusions on the subject matter. Results show promising markets far beyond just Asia, touched by Hallyu, but not the opportunity to tour Korea yet. Suggestions are then made on how to help sustain Hallyu tourism and increase access to potential new travel markets, especially those in diverse Islamic regions around the world.
Traceability to national standards for S-parameter measurements of waveguide devices from 110 GHz to 170 GHz

This paper describes a new facility that has been introduced recently to provide high precision traceable scattering coefficient measurements of waveguide devices in the frequency range 110 GHz to 170 GHz (i.e. in waveguide size WR-06). The facility comprises measurement instrumentation situated at the University of Leeds and associated primary reference standards provided by the National Physical Laboratory. The instrumentation consists of a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and the standards are precision sections of waveguide that are used to calibrate the VNA. Traceability to national standards and the International System of units (SI) is achieved via precision dimensional measurements of the waveguide sections. Typical measurements, with uncertainties, are given to illustrate the current state-of-the-art for traceable measurements of this type.
Contested governance: European exposure in the english regions

Abstract The paper attempts to locate issues surrounding local and regional economic development and governance in the European context in broader theoretical debates which identify shifts in national government towards the adoption of neo‐Liberal agendas and the related pressures faced by local government to relinquish policies of urban managerialism for those of urban entrepreneurialism. It is argued that local and regional governance, at least in the UK context, is becoming an increasingly contested terrain in which fundamental tensions are being revealed between local, national and European tiers of government as local and regional governance is increasingly exposed to European‐level development programmes. The paper explores these tensions using the experience of six recently negotiated regional conversion plans (or ‘Single Planning Documents') drawn up to secure assistance from the European Union's Structural Funds.
Clinical correlation between brain natriutetic peptide and anthracyclin-induced cardiac toxicity.

PURPOSE Anthracycline can effectively treat hematologic malignancies, but has significant risk of cardiotoxicity. We measured the clinical correlation between brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between March 2005 and March 2007, 86 patients with acute leukemia, malignant lymphoma, or multiple myeloma receiving systemic chemotherapy with anthracycline were enrolled in the Department of Hemato-oncology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital. We investigated the relationship between BNP level and cardiotoxicity through echocardiography, electrocardiography, BNP levels, and symptoms of heart failure at each chemotherapy cycle. RESULTS Of the 86 participants (mean age, 48.5 years; range 20 approximately 65 years), cardiotoxicity developed in 21 patients (24.4%), with 2 patients showing arrhythmia only, 17 patients with transient aspects of heart failure, and 2 patients with chronic heart failure. Cardiotoxicity related to serum BNP level, age, cumulative dose of anthracycline, accompanying chronic disease, and elevated level of troponin-I. Heart failure was more common if BNP levels reached 100 pg/ml at least once. CONCLUSIONS The clinical correlation between BNP and cardiotoxicity was significant in patients with systemic anthracycline chemotherapy. A prospective clinical trial will be needed to identify the causal relationship between serum BNP level and cardiotoxicity.
THE HUMAN PROBLEMS OF COMPUTER INTRODUCTION

This article presents a method for systematically catering for human needs when introducing computer systems. It covers the diagnosis of these needs through an examination of the “fit” between what the firm requires of its employees and what employees are seeking from the firm. Data derived from this diagnosis is used to construct organisational profiles as an aide to planning strategy, and as a basis for socio‐technical systems design which has the objective of meeting technical and human needs at one and the same time. A method for monitoring the implementation of computer systems has been developed. This checks that the system does not deviate from its social objectives and provides a feedback system for correction. Lastly an evaluation of the success of the new system in human terms is made by examining the post‐change “fit” between organisational and individual needs.
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Electrostatically Actuated Resonant MEMS Sensors Under Parametric Excitation

Electrostatically actuated resonant microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors have gotten significant attention due to their geometric simplicity and broad applicability. In this paper, nonlinear responses and dynamics of the electrostatically actuated MEMS resonant sensors under two-frequency parametric and external excitations are presented. The presented model and methodology enable simulation of the steady-state dynamics of electrostatic MEMS undergoing small motions. Response and dynamics of the MEMS resonator to a combination resonance are studied. The responses of the system at steady-state conditions and their stability are investigated using the method of multiple scales. The results showing the effect of varying the dc bias, the squeeze film damping, cubic stiffness, and ac excitation amplitude on the frequency response curves, resonant frequencies and nonlinear dynamic characteristics are given in detail. Frequency response, resonant frequency and peak amplitude are examined for variation of the dynamic parameters involved. This investigation provides an understanding of the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of microbeam-based resonant sensors in MEMS
The Interaction between Internal Control Assessment and Substantive Testing in Audits for Fraud

We examine, from the auditor's perspective, the interaction between internal control evaluations and substantive testing in a model of fraud detection. The purpose of our study is to examine a two-stage model of the auditor/manager interaction in which the auditor assesses the ? likelihood? ; or possibility of fraud in the first stage and conducts substantive tests in a second stage. We compare this two-stage model to a model in which the auditor is restricted to substantive testing only, in order to assess the incremental costs and benefits of performing internal control evaluations. We find that the two models yield the same equilibrium probability of fraud detection, but that the two-stage model achieves this level of detection at a lower cost to the auditor.