Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fos cooperation with PTEN loss elicits keratoacanthoma not carcinoma, owing to p53/p21WAF-induced differentiation triggered by GSK3β inactivation and reduced AKT activity

To investigate gene synergism in multistage skin carcinogenesis, the RU486-inducible cre/lox system was employed to ablate Pten function (K14.cre/Δ5Ptenflx) in mouse epidermis expressing activated Fos (HK1.Fos). RU486-treated HK1.Fos/Δ5Ptenflx mice exhibited hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis and tumours that progressed to highly differentiated keratoacanthomas, rather than to carcinomas, owing to re-expression of high p53 and p21WAF levels. Despite elevated MAP kinase activity, cyclin D1 and cyclin E2 overexpression, and increased AKT activity that produced areas of highly proliferative papillomatous keratinocytes, increasing levels of GSK3β inactivation induced a novel p53/p21WAF expression profile, which subsequently halted proliferation and accelerated differentiation to give the hallmark keratosis of keratoacanthomas. A pivotal facet to this GSK3β-triggered mechanism centred on increasing p53 expression in basal layer keratinocytes. This increase in expression reduced activated AKT expression and released inhibition of p21WAF, which accelerated keratinocyte differentiation, as indicated by unique basal layer expression of differentiation-specific keratin K1 alongside premature filaggrin and loricrin expression. Thus, Fos synergism with Pten loss elicited a benign tumour context where GSK3β-induced p53/p21WAF expression continually switched AKT-associated proliferation into differentiation, preventing further progression. This putative compensatory mechanism required the critical availability of normal p53 and/or p21WAF, otherwise deregulated Fos, Akt and Gsk3β associate with malignant progression.
Flow shop scheduling with earliness, tardiness, and intermediate inventory holding costs

We consider the problem of scheduling customer orders in a flow shop with the objective of minimizing the sum of tardiness, earliness (finished goods inventory holding), and intermediate (work‐in‐process) inventory holding costs. We formulate this problem as an integer program, and based on approximate solutions to two different, but closely related, Dantzig‐Wolfe reformulations, we develop heuristics to minimize the total cost. We exploit the duality between Dantzig‐Wolfe reformulation and Lagrangian relaxation to enhance our heuristics. This combined approach enables us to develop two different lower bounds on the optimal integer solution, together with intuitive approaches for obtaining near‐optimal feasible integer solutions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that applies column generation to a scheduling problem with different types of strongly 𝒩𝒫‐hard pricing problems which are solved heuristically. The computational study demonstrates that our algorithms have a significant speed advantage over alternate methods, yield good lower bounds, and generate near‐optimal feasible integer solutions for problem instances with many machines and a realistically large number of jobs. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.
Restructuring, environmentalism and the problem of farm safety

This article examines the health and safety perceptions and practices of conventional, no till and organic grain farmers in Ontario Canada. Based on 12 intensive case studies, the analysis examines whether different restructuring and environmental orientations are related to different approaches to occupational health and safety. The analysis suggests that although there is a substantial level of awareness and knowledge of health and safety hazards among all the farmers, significant differences in practices are linked in complex and somewhat unexpected ways to the production and environmental approaches of the farmers. In particular, while economic constraints and rationales provide an overriding basis for risk-taking across all the farmers, the level and form that this takes is shaped by farmer orientations to farm management and the environment. The article also links both the common patterns and variations in farmer practices to corporate and government discourses on the prevention of environmental and occupational injuries, suggesting that mixed messages undermine any effort to intensify farmer commitment to safety.
Opening a side-gate: engaging the excluded in Chilean higher education through test-blind admission

The article describes a test-blind admission initiative in a Chilean research university aimed at expanding the inclusion of talented, albeit educationally and socially disadvantaged, students. The outcomes of the test-blind admission cohort were compared with those of students admitted via the regular admission procedure to the same academic program. The outcomes of interest were first-term college grade point average, dropout rates, graduation rates and the quality of the first-year university experience. Given the extremely adverse entry conditions of the test-blind cohort, the results of their academic performance are encouraging. In terms of graduation rates within a time lag of one calendar year, no significant difference was observed between the regular admission and the test-blind admission.
Apyrase protects against allergic airway inflammation by decreasing the chemotactic migration of dendritic cells in mice.

Recent studies have demonstrated that extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (eATP) is involved in allergic airway inflammation by activating purinergic receptors. eATP can be hydrolyzed by ectonucleotidases, such as CD39. In this study, we investigated the expression and distribution of CD39 in the lungs of mice, as well as the effects of apyrase on airway inflammation and the chemotactic migration of dendritic cells (DCs). A mouse model of asthma was developed with chicken ovalbumin (OVA)/aluminum hydroxide using female C57BL/6 mice. Apyrase was administered to OVA-sensitized mice prior to each challenge by intraperitoneal injection. The distribution of CD39 was detected by immunofluorescence. The mRNA and protein expression of CD39 was determined by quantitative PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The levels of Th2 cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effect of apyrase on the chemotactic migration of DCs towards ATP was explored by migration assay in vitro. In the lungs, CD39 was primarily located in the cytoplasm and cytomembrane of bronchial epithelial cells and CD39 expression was reduced in mice with allergic asthma. Treatment with apyrase markedly attenuated OVA-induced airway inflammation, including peribronchial eosinophilic inflammation and reduced the number of inflammatory cells, as well as the levels of cytokines in BALF. Furthermore, apyrase also markedly reduced the expression of GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) and decreased the chemotactic migration of DCs towards ATP.Our data demonstrate that a reduction in CD39 expression may be associated with the development of allergic airway inflammation and that apyrase alleviates airway inflammation by decreasing the chemotactic migration of DCs towards eATP. Therefore, targeting at eATP or ectonucleotidases may provide a novel therapeutic approach for allergic asthma.
Evaluation of Novel Multiplex Antibody Kit for Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1/2 and Hepatitis C Virus Using Sol-Gel Based Microarray

Background. Microarrays enable high-throughput screening (HTS) of disease-related molecules, including important signaling proteins/peptides and small molecules that are in low abundance. In this study, we developed a multiplex blood bank screening platform, referred to as the Hi3-1 assay, for simultaneous detection of human immunodeficiency virus 1/2 (HIV 1/2) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Methods. The Hi3-1 assay was tested using four panels (Panel 1, n = 4,581 patient samples; Panel 2, n = 15 seroconversion samples; Panel 3, n = 4 performance samples; and Panel 4, n = 251 purchased positive control samples), and the results were collected by the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Medical College, Republic of Korea. The present study compares the sensitivity of the multiplex detection platform for both HIV and HCV using a sol-gel based microarray, which was based on a reference test (Architect HIV Ag/Ab Combo and Architect anti-HCV assays), in Korean patients. Results. The sensitivity of the multiplex detection platform for both HIV and HCV was 100%, and the specificity was 99.96% for HIV and 99.76% for HCV, which is equivalent to that of the reference test. Conclusion. We have successfully applied a novel screening technology to multiplex HIV and HCV diagnoses in a blood bank screening test.
Microencapsulation, Chemical Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of Mexican (Lippia graveolens H.B.K.) and European (Origanum vulgare L.) Oregano Essential Oils

The effect of solvent polarity (methanol and pentane) on the chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oils (EO's) of Lippia graveolens H.B. K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) was studied by GC-MS. Composition of modified starch microencapsulated EO's was conducted by headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). The antimicrobial activity of free and microencapsulated EO's was evaluated. They were tested against Salmonella sp. , Brochothrix thermosphacta, Pseudomonas fragi, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Micrococcus luteus. Thymol and carvacrol were among the main components of EO's and their free and microencapsulated inhibitory activity was tested against M. luteus, showing an additive combined effect. Chemical composition of EO's varied according to the solvent used for GC analysis and to volatile fraction as evaluated by HS-SPME. Thymol (both solvents) was the main component in essential oil of MXO, while carvacrol was the main component of the volatile fraction. EUO showed α-pinene (methanol) and γ-terpinene (pentane) as major constituents, the latter being the main component of the volatile fraction. EO's showed good stability after 3 months storage at 4°C, where antimicrobial activity of microencapsulated EO's remained the same, while free EO's decreased 41% (MXO) and 67% (EUO) from initial activity. Microencapsulation retains most antimicrobial activity and improves stability of EO's from oregano.
Effects of science interest and environmental responsibility on science aspiration and achievement: gender differences and cultural supports

The aim of the present study is twofold: (1) to investigate gender differences in the effects of science interest and environmental responsibility on science aspiration and achievement and (2) to explore the relations between cultural supports (macroeconomic and gender equality) and both boys' and girls' tendencies to integrate the aforementioned effects at the country level. The first part of the aim is addressed using structural equation modeling with data from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) for 15-year-old students (N = 398,750) from 57 countries. The results show that the effects of interest on achievement and responsibility on aspiration are positive (the integrating effect) for boys but negative (the contrasting effect) for girls. Correlation analyses were used to address the second part of the aim. The results show that the integrating effect was associated with macroeconomic support for boys and both macroeconomic and gender-equality supports for girls at the country level.
Social Differentiation in Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) that Engage in Human-Related Foraging Behaviors

Both natural and human-related foraging strategies by the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) have resulted in social segregation in several areas of the world. Bottlenose dolphins near Savannah, Georgia beg at an unprecedented rate and also forage behind commercial shrimp trawlers, providing an opportunity to study the social ramifications of two human-related foraging behaviors within the same group of animals. Dolphins were photo-identified via surveys conducted throughout estuarine waterways around Savannah in the summers of 2009–2011. Mean half-weight indices (HWI) were calculated for each foraging class, and community division by modularity was used to cluster animals based on association indices. Pairs of trawler dolphins had a higher mean HWI (0.20 ± 0.07) than pairs of non-trawler dolphins (0.04 ± 0.02) or mixed pairs (0.02 ± 0.02). In contrast, pairs of beggars, non-beggars, and mixed pairs all had similar means, with HWI between 0.05–0.07. Community division by modularity produced a useful division (0.307) with 6 clusters. Clusters were predominately divided according to trawler status; however, beggars and non-beggars were mixed throughout clusters. Both the mean HWI and social clusters revealed that the social structure of common bottlenose dolphins near Savannah, Georgia was differentiated based on trawler status but not beg status. This finding may indicate that foraging in association with trawlers is a socially learned behavior, while the mechanisms for the propagation of begging are less clear. This study highlights the importance of taking into account the social parameters of a foraging behavior, such as how group size or competition for resources may affect how the behavior spreads. The positive or negative ramifications of homophily may influence whether the behaviors are exhibited by individuals within the same social clusters and should be considered in future studies examining social relationships and foraging behaviors.
The Chopthin Algorithm for Resampling

Resampling is a standard step in particle filters and more generally sequential Monte Carlo methods. We present an algorithm, called chopthin, for resampling weighted particles. In contrast to standard resampling methods the algorithm does not produce a set of equally weighted particles; instead it merely enforces an upper bound on the ratio between the weights. Simulation studies show that the chopthin algorithm consistently outperforms standard resampling methods. The algorithms chops up particles with large weight and thins out particles with low weight, hence its name. It implicitly guarantees a lower bound on the effective sample size. The algorithm can be implemented efficiently, making it practically useful. We show that the expected computational effort is linear in the number of particles. Implementations for C++, R (on CRAN), Python and Matlab are available.
Problems with the measurement of illusory correlation

The illusory correlation eflect (ICE) refers to a tendency for people to over‐represent rare behaviours performed by members of an infrequently encountered (minority) group. On the basis of an empirtcal study ( N = 245) this paper examines three procedural features that are common to studies in this field: (a) excluding subjects who assign too many behaviours to the minority group, (b) asking subjects to estimate the incidence of distinctive behaviours, and (c) submitting phi coefficients to Z transformation. Results show that the ICE is significantly lower amongst subjects who (a) are excluded and (b) estimate non‐distinctive behaviours and (c) that Z transformation applied to phi coefficients renders the distribution of responses non‐normal and does not provide a more linear index of efect strength. Implications for future research are discussed.
Simplifying the Implication-Realization Model of Melodic Expectancy

Results from previous investigations indicate that the implication-realization (I-R) model (Narmour, 1990) of expectancy in melody may be overspecified and more complex than necessary. Indeed, Schellenberg9s (1996) revised model, with two fewer predictor variables, improved predictive accuracy compared with the original model. A reanalysis of data reported by Cuddy and Lunney (1995) provided similar results. When the principles of the I-R model were submitted to a principal- components analysis, a solution containing three orthogonal (uncorrelated) factors retained the accuracy of the model but was inferior to the revised model. A separate principal-components analysis of the predictors of the revised model yielded a two-factor solution that did not compromise the revised model9s predictive power. Consequently, an even simpler model of melodic expectancy was derived. These results provide further evidence that redundancy in the I-R model can be eliminated without loss of predictive accuracy.
Stereo image warping for improved depth estimation of road surfaces

Accurate stereoscopic depth estimation, in particular of the road surface area, is one of several key technologies to improve Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). One major problem is that the quality of the stereoscopic depth measurements of the road is often poor - which is mainly attributed to a lack of texture on the road surface. Especially for patch-matching stereo algorithms, the estimated depths look irregular and bumpy. In this paper, we show that the violation of the fronto-parallel assumption is the major reason for a bad depth estimation and not a low-contrast texture on the road surface. Since patch-matching or block-matching stereo inherently assumes a constant disparity within one patch, this is violated if the cameras are oriented almost parallel to the ground, which is typically the case in ADAS, and which leads to a strong distortion of the appearance between the two cameras. In order to tackle this problem, we propose a compensation of this distortion by applying a linear warp on one of the stereo images according to the expected disparity for the planar ground. This recovers the fronto-parallel assumption and results in a very good depth estimations of road surfaces. Our experiments on the KITTI stereo benchmark demonstrate the quantitative competitiveness of the approach, while retaining the speed and simplicity of block-matching stereo approaches. Furthermore, our experiments show that the approach is very robust, achieving results for the road surface that are significantly better than standard patch-matching stereo processing without warping for a wide range of warp parameter settings.
Sperm DNA fragmentation test results reflect the overall quality of the whole semen specimen

Dr. Drevet in his commentary (1) responding to the practice recommendations for Sperm DNA Fragmentation (SDF) testing based on clinical scenarios by Agarwal et al . (2) elegantly discussed the biological effect of DNA fragmentation and its implications to the paternal contribution of the male gamete. The author goes further by elaborating on the likely result of the interactions between sperm with damaged DNA and oocytes with different DNA repair capability.
Building a front-end for netchar

Several tools have been developed to gather information to characterize links of the Internet path between any source and destination. Such tools, such as pathchar, clink, pchar, and netchar, generate text output that can be difficult to analyze for a sufficiently large data set. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a front end for netchar. The front end is a graphical user interface (GUI) that presents a visual representation of the output generated by netchar's data-processing back end. The user can select specific graphical objects in the display and view the data associated with each object. We also discuss issues and problems that we encountered during the creation of the front end.
Copyright 2009 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc. All rights reserved. 10.1518/107118109X12524442637787

User performance with a tabletop display was tested using touch-based and mouse-based interaction in a traditional pointing task. Dependent variables were throughput, error rate, and movement time. In a study with 12 participants, touch had a higher throughput with average of 5.53 bps compared to 3.83 bps for the mouse. Touch also had a lower movement time on average, with block means ranging from 403 ms to 1051 ms vs. 607 ms to 1323 ms with the mouse. Error rates were lower for the mouse at 2.1%, compared to 9.8% for touch. The high error rates using touch were attributed to problems in selecting small targets with the finger. It is argued that, overall, touch input is a preferred and efficient input technique for tabletop displays, but that more research is needed to improve touch selection of small targets.
Multiresolution Hierarchy for Real-Time Cartoon-Style Rendering

In this paper we present a new approach for real time cartoon-style rendering for large datasets. It uses color quantization to determine the different shadow regions and utilizes multiresolution hierarchy to maintain appropriate level of detail over the various regions of the mesh. To comply with visual requirements, our algorithm performs real time mesh subdivision on selected regions to reach the appropriate level of detail. In addition, we have adopted vertex split and edge collapse operations that can be performed without incurring extra vertex split/edge collapse operations as a precondition. The real time refinement, which can exceed the original resolution of the mesh, dramatically improves the quality of rendered image while using only a small processing overhead. This refinement can be applied recursively, potentially providing a smooth model surface and smooth cartoon features in any possible camera zoom
Classifly: Classification of Experts by Their Expertise on the Fly

Expert finding is commonly required in organizations. A well classified experts by their expertise helps in giving better access and exploitation on the human resources. In this paper, we show case Classifly, a tool to enable quick learning by using available sources related to an expert's expertise to avoid the needs to manual labeling of training data. We demonstrate our tool in the context of academic search.