Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variance minimisation on a quantum computer of the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model with three particles

Quantum computing opens up new possibilities for the simulation of many-body nuclear systems. As the number of particles in a many-body system increases, the size of the space if the associated Hamiltonian increases exponentially. This presents a challenge when performing calculations on large systems when using classical computing methods. By using a quantum computer, one may be able to overcome this difficulty thanks to the exponential way the Hilbert space of a quantum computer grows with the number of quantum bits (qubits). Our aim is to develop quantum computing algorithms which can reproduce and predict nuclear structure such as level schemes and level densities. As a sample Hamiltonian, we use the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model. We use an efficient encoding of the Hamiltonian onto many-qubit systems, and have developed an algorithm allowing the full excitation spectrum of a nucleus to be determined with a variational algorithm capable of implementation on today’s quantum computers with a limited number of qubits. Our algorithm uses the variance of the Hamiltonian,⟨H⟩2 − ⟨H⟩2, as a cost function for the widely-used variational quantum eigensolver (VQE). In this work we present a variance based method of finding the excited state spectrum of a small nuclear system using a quantum computer, using a reduced-qubit encoding method.
Design & Implementation of an Electric Fixed-wing Hybrid VTOL UAV for Asset Monitoring

Fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer the best aerodynamic efficiency required for long-distance or high-endurance applications, albeit their runway requirement for take-off and landing in comparison with quadcopters, helicopters, and flapping-wing UAVs that can perform vertical take-off and landing (VTOL). Integrating a multirotor system with a fixed-wing UAV imparts VTOL capabilities without significantly compromising fixed-wing aerodynamic efficiency, endurance, payload capacity or range. Documented system design approaches to address various challenges of such fusion processes are sparse. This research proposes a holistic approach for designing, prototyping, and testing an electric-powered fixed-wing hybrid VTOL UAV. The proposed system design approach augments the standard aircraft design process with additional steps to integrate VTOL capabilities. Separate fixed-wing and multirotor designs were derived from the frozen mission requirements, which were then fused. The process used simulation for modeling and evaluating alternatives for the hybrid UAV created using standard aircraft design equations. We prototyped and instrumented the final design to validate operational capabilities through test flights. Multiple flight trials identified the ideal combination of Lithium-Polymer (Li-Po) batteries for VTOL (8000mAh) and fixed-wing (14000mAh) modes to meet the endurance and range requirements. The redundant power supplies also increased the survivability chances of the hybrid UAV during failures.
Ground level enhancement events of Solar cycle 23

Ground level enhancement (GLE) events, typically in the GeV energy range, are the most energetic of solar energetic particle (SEP) events with the protons penetrating Earth’s neutral atmosphere. During solar cycle 23, sixteen GLE events were observed with excellent data coverage of associated solar eruptions. The source of these GLE particles has been examined in this paper using white light observations of coronal mass ejections, type II radio bursts, and soft X-ray flares. It has been shown that the GLE events are consistent with shock acceleration in every single case. While the possibility of the presence of a flare component during GLE events cannot be ruled out, it can be definitely said that a shock component is present in all the GLE events. During 18 April 2001 GLE event, the source was located ~30 degrees behind the west limb, which is too far away from the magnetic field lines connecting Earth and hence the flare component can be ruled out. Also the presence of interplanetary shocks associated with the GLEs is shown using radio and in-situ observations.
Least Square Generalized Support Vector Machines for Regression

Least square generalized support vector machines (LS__GSVMs) are applied to regression estimation. LS__GSVMs' kernel functions have no or few limits when they are compared with standard support vector machines (SVMs). We give a presentation of quadratic programming (QP) problem for the LS__GSVMs. In order to solve the QP problem, we apply the combination of the gradient projection and successive overrelaxation (SOR) based on the matrix splitting. That is, we train the LS__GSVMs with above algorithm. Because SOR handles one point at a time, it can process very large datasets that need not reside in memory.
Antidepressant Effects of Essential Oils: A Review of the Past Decade (2012–2022) and Molecular Docking Study of Their Major Chemical Components

Depression is a mental disorder that affects more than 300 million people worldwide. The medications available for treatment take a long time to exhibit therapeutic results and present several side effects. Furthermore, there is a decrease in the quality of life of people suffering from this affliction. Essential oils are traditionally used to relieve the symptoms of depression due to the properties of the constituents of these oils to cross the blood–brain barrier acting on depression-related biological receptors associated with reduced toxicity and side effects. In addition, compared to traditional drugs, they have several administration forms. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of studies on plants whose essential oil has exhibit antidepressant activity in the past decade and the mechanism of action of the major components and models tested. An additional in silico study was conducted with the frequent compounds in the composition of these essential oils, providing a molecular approach to the mechanism of action that has been reported in the past decade. This review is valuable for the development of potential antidepressant medications in addition to providing a molecular approach to the antidepressant mechanism of action of the major volatile compounds that have been reported in the past decade.
Finite-Element Analysis of Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations Involving Exit Pressure Boundary Conditions

This article presents finite-element solutions for incompressible Navier? Stokes equations in velocity? pressure variables. Specific to this study is the inclusion of pressure boundary conditions into the mixed finite-element formulation. To provide an in-depth analysis of the finite-element model, rigorous derivations have been carried out. The justification for applying the finite-element code to simulate this class of flow problems is presented by solving a problem which is amenable to analytical solution and the backward-facing step benchmark problem. In addition, results for blood flow in a carotid artery are presented to show the applicability of the finite-element code to geometrically more complex problems.
Elucidating the local structure of V substitutes in In2S3 as potential intermediate band material by x-ray absorption spectroscopy and first principles calculations

Vanadium doped indium sulphide, In2S3:V, is studied as a potential absorber material for intermediate band (IB) solar cells. Based on electronic considerations, it is usually assumed that V occupies octahedrally coordinated In sites, although geometrical considerations would favour tetrahedral In sites. In this study, we therefore combined experimental x-ray diffraction and x-ray absorption spectroscopy with ab initio theoretical calculations of both α and β phase to elucidate the incorporation of V in In2S3:V thin films grown with different V content and different growth temperatures. Comparing shape and position of the measured and calculated x-ray absorption edge of V, comparing experimentally determined and calculated V–S bond lengths, and evaluating the calculated heat of solution of V on different lattice sites all indicate that V is incorporated on octahedral rather than tetrahedral sites in the In2S3 matrix. For this material system, the electronic benefit of octahedral coordination thus outweighs the mechanical stress of the associated lattice relaxation. Finally, we studied the electronic structure of V-substituted α - In2S3 using hybrid density functional calculations and find that for a concentration of 1.9 at %, V on octahedrally coordinated In sites forms an empty IB isolated from valence band and conduction band (CB). By increasing the V content to 3.8 at %, however, the gap between IB and CB closes, which results in a reduction of the band gap. This differs from the electronic structure calculated for β - In2S3 :V and clearly demonstrates that both crystal structure and V incorporation site affect the resulting electronic material properties.
Parameter Estimation in the ETAS Model: Approximations and Novel Methods

Abstract Branching processes provide an accurate description of earthquake occurrence in the short term (days to a few weeks). Yet, the implementation of these models is not usually straightforward because of the difficulties in estimating the parameters. Indeed, log‐likelihood estimation involves a spatial integral that cannot be analytically evaluated and is difficult to implement in numerical codes. Here we present a novel technique that allows for an accurate, stable, and relatively fast parameter inversion procedure. We study the efficiency of this technique using synthetic epidemic‐type aftershock sequence catalogs with a set of parameters known a priori . Results show the efficiency of the novel technique and illustrate the limits of recently proposed approximations.
Cybersecurity Training in Organization as Human Capital Investment: A Qualitative Grounded Theory Analysis

This study aims to examine the impacts of organization’s cybersecurity training program on employees with qualitative data, collected from 33 college students who were attending Norfolk State University while also working either on a part-time or full-time basis participated. Open-ended questions were asked to elicit participants’ perspectives on cybersecurity training and cybersecurity protocols in organizations. Using qualitative data analysis software Nvivo 12, the authors organized and analyzed the collected data with open coding, and selective coding to recognize the major influencing impacts from cybersecurity training on employees’ routine work and behavior. Inductive and grounded theory analysis further elaborates connections between employee’s cybersecurity training and efficiency of organizations. Our findings suggest that on-the-job cybersecurity training provided by the employer is an effective investment for modern organizations to build on the organizational human capital and consequently to improve the efficiency of the organization. Findings from this study corroborates with the tenet of human capital theory that on-the-job educational program or training is economical and effective to manage the human capital challenge for modern organizations.
Performance evaluation of CropSyst simulation model for pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum) chickpea (Cicer arietinum) cropping system

CropSyst simulation model was tested during the rainy seasons of 2007 and 2008 and the winter seasons of 200708 and 200809 at New Delhi, to study the long and wide-spread adoptability of pearlmillet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. emend. Stuntz. ]chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cropping system by comparison of simulated and observed variables. The observed variables collected from the experimental data were used to study the ef- fect of nitrogen (N) levels in pearlmillet and water levels in chickpea for pearlmillet chickpea crop rotation. The calibration, validation and sensitivity analysis of CropSyst model was utilized to quantify and verify the interactive effect of different water and N treatments on the productivity of pearlmilletchickpea crop rotation using measure- ments from field experiments. Results showed that CropSyst model performed well at lower levels of N treatments (60 kg/ha) whereas at higher levels of N treatments (90 kg/ha) the predicted values were lower than the observed values. The model also responded well to limited level of irrigation in pearlmillet, but in chickpea irrigation did not have a significant influence on biomass yield as predicted by the model. The model was tested for accuracy in de- termination of the crop parameters by conducting sensitivity analysis of the model, which depicted that crop pa- rameters, viz. light to above-ground biomass conversion, specific leaf area, phenological degree-days, base tem- perature, stem/leaf partition coefficient needs more accuracy during its calibration and validation. Also, the root mean square error (RMSE) for biomass and grain yield was found to be 1.97 and 0.36 t/ha, being 5 and 7% of the observed mean, respectively, in pearlmillet whereas for chickpea it was 0.40 and 0.17 t/ha which, in turn, was 8 and 6% respectively. These low values of RMSE indicates that the CropSyst model is highly accurate in predicting grain yield and above-ground biomass of pearlmilletchickpea crop rotation.
TOPSIS Method to Solve Group Decision Problems with Preference Information in Ordinal Interval Form

For the group decision making problems with alternative preference information in form of ordinal interval,a TOPSIS(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) method is proposed to analyze the decision making process. Describing such problems,a distance formula is given between two random ordinal intervals.Then based on the conventional TOPSIS method,the calculation steps are given to solve group decision making problems with ordinal intervals,where the key point is using the distance formula given above to calculate the distance(s) between each and all alternatives and the positive or negative ideal solution and,further,the alternatives are ranked in accordance to the relative closeness coefficient of every alternatives calculated.A numerical example is given to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Untouched measure system for abrasion of the saddle of bearing the weight

To seek for new measure way of saddle of bearing the weight, and replace the traditional way with handwork, a kind of untouched measure system by use of the technology of image calibration and measure is proposed, the operation principle is introduced, the method of image processing in this system, and the factors which result in measuring error are analyzed. The experimental results meet the requirement and the measure speed is faster, the method is valid and novel, and it provides new idea for other objects′ measure. 
Black Hole Microstates in String Theory

La relativita generale predice che i buchi neri soddisfino leggi formalmente analoghe alle leggi della termodinamica, ed in particolare che possiedano entropia. La teoria delle stringhe fornisce una descrizione microscopica dei buchi neri in termini di certe configurazioni solitoniche note come D-brane. Useremo questa descrizione per derivare da principi primi l'andamento a grandi distanze di alcuni microstati di un buco nero supersimmetrico.
Activation of MAPK signaling pathway genes leads to promoted thermotolerance in a high-temperature adapted predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri (Hughes)

Abstract Predatory mites are important biological control agents for phytophagous mites and several small insect pests on vegetables, while the control efficiency is often limited by the changeable or fluctuating environment, especially under the threat of global warming. To mitigate the undesired impacts of high temperature environment, a high-temperature adapted strain (HTAS) of the predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri (Hughes) was screened from a conventional strain (CS) by long-term heat acclimation (35°C) and regular heat hardenings (45°C). In this study, to investigate the molecular mechanisms of enhanced thermotolerance in HTAS N. barkeri, four mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway genes were identified from the predatory mite N. barkeri. The expression levels at different developmental stages showed four MAPK pathway genes were highest at adults and lowest at eggs or nymphs in both strains. Under 42°C high temperature stress, the expression levels of four identified MAPK pathway genes increased rapidly at a short time in both N. barkeri strains and the magnitude of expression increase in HTAS N. barkeri was even more evident. In addition, the MAPK pathway genes expression in CS N. barkeri sharply decreased following longer exposure periods at 4 h, whereas the expression in HTAS N. barkeri remained elevated after 4 h. These results suggested that MAPK signaling pathway participated in the formation of thermotolerance in predatory phytoseiid mites, which provided new insights in promoting the biological control efficiency of predatory mites under changeable environment.
Study on Aerodynamic-Assisted Transition Control Technique for Versatile UAV

In this paper we present preliminary results of a study on an aerodynamic-assisted transition technique for a ducted-propeller Vertical Takeoff and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle from hover to forward flight and vice versa. The technique utilizes a variableincidence wing, whose pitch orientation with respect to the ducted propeller is a control variable. A fourth-order point-mass model is used for the modeling of the aircraft dynamics in the study. For the dynamic analysis, the aerodynamic forces and moments database is developed both in pre-stall and post-stall regime using a three-dimensional vortex lattice code. Then a parametric optimization of the thrust, pitch angle, and wing incidence during the transition maneuver is studied. The objective is to achieve a transition scheme with minimal variation in altitude, reduced transition time and reasonable thrust-to-weight ratio. The results indicate that with proper scheduling of the pitch angle and wing incidence, the objective can be achieved. Based on the parametric analysis results, nonlinear constrained optimization based on energy approach and Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) algorithm is performed to generate the transition trajectories. A trade-off within the defined objectives of the transition is also discussed. The results obtained can be used as a benchmark for future closed-loop transition controller development.
Development of a Unity-VISSIM Co-Simulation Platform to Study Interactive Driving Behavior

This paper presents the system development of a co-simulation platform aimed at studying driving behavior with multiple participants. The objective of this study was to create an immersive and interactive environment where different driving scenarios could be simulated and driver behavior could be recorded and analyzed. The platform integrated the Unity game engine with the VISSIM microscopic traffic simulator to create a hybrid simulation environment that combined the advantages of both tools. A virtual reality massive multiplayer online (VRMMO) module was developed to capture the interactions of the participants during the simulation experiments. The external control devices of this co-simulation platform were calibrated using the empirical data of a Controller Area Network (CAN-BUS) from actual driving behaviors. The main contributions of this study are the demonstration of the Unity–VISSIM co-simulation platform in simulating interactive driver behavior and the potential for its use in various research areas, such as intelligent transportation systems, human factors, driving education, and traffic safety analyses. The platform could be a valuable tool for evaluating the effectiveness of collective intelligence countermeasures in improving traffic systems, with relatively lower costs and risks.
Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (e.s.c.a.)

The electronic structure of matter has so far been studied almost exclusively by means of the electromagnetic radiation which is being emitted (or absorbed) at excitation. Apart from some early attempts, the electrons themselves were not directly detected. The various energy levels which could be studied by different modes of excitations were observed as photons being emitted (or absorbed) when electrons were making quantum jumps between two levels. Over a long period of time spectroscopy in the visible, infrared, ultraviolet, and X-ray parts of the electromagnetic spectrum was gradually perfected and extensively used in many kinds of applications. More recently, other and in some cases more sophisticated techniques, like n.m. r. , e.p.r. and microwave spectroscopy, have been added to previously existing spectroscopic tools. During the last decade serious attempts have been made to explore the possibility of developing a spectroscopy based on the direct observation of the electrons. The results are encouraging. Despite many initial experimental difficulties it now seems evident that these can be solved in a surprisingly satisfactory way. Moreover, new types of information have become accessible and the fields of application are numerous.
mech2d: An Efficient Tool for High-Throughput Calculation of Mechanical Properties for Two-Dimensional Materials

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been a research hot topic in the passed decades due to their unique and fascinating properties. Among them, mechanical properties play an important role in their application. However, there lacks an effective tool for high-throughput calculating, analyzing and visualizing the mechanical properties of 2D materials. In this work, we present the mech2d package, a highly automated toolkit for calculating and analyzing the second-order elastic constants (SOECs) tensor and relevant properties of 2D materials by considering their symmetry. In the mech2d, the SOECs can be fitted by both the strain–energy and stress–strain approaches, where the energy or strain can be calculated by a first-principles engine, such as VASP. As a key feature, the mech2d package can automatically submit and collect the tasks from a local or remote machine with robust fault-tolerant ability, making it suitable for high-throughput calculation. The present code has been validated by several common 2D materials, including graphene, black phosphorene, GeSe2 and so on.
The XAFS beamline of SSRF

The BL14W1 beamline at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) is an X-ray absorption fine-structure (XAFS) beamline, for investigating atomic local structure, which is demanded extensively in the fields of physics, chemistry, materials science, environmental science and so on. The beamline is based on a 38-pole wiggler with the maximum magnetic field of 1.2 T. X-rays of 4.5-40 keV can be extracted by the optical scheme consisting of white beam vertical collimating mirror, liquid-nitrogen-cooled double crystal monochromator of Si(111) and Si(311), toroidal focusing mirror and higher harmonics rejection mirror. The maximum photon flux about 5 x 10(12) photons/s at the sample at 10 keV, with a beam size of 0.3 mm x 0.3 mm. The beamline is equipped with four types of detectors for experiments in either transmission or fluorescence mode. At present, quick-XAFS, grazing incidence XAFS, X-ray emission spectroscopy, high-pressure XAFS and time-resolved X-ray excited optical luminescence methods have been developed.