Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antepartum External Cephalic Version Under Tocolysis

Reported are 172 patients considered for external cephalic version at gestational age greater than 37 weeks. Their outcome was compared with 40 similar patients in whom external version was not attempted. One hundred fifty-eight patients had attempted version, and success was achieved in 122 (77%). Intrapartum vertex presentation occurred in 12% of the control population and in 77% of the version patients. Cesarean section was performed in 80% of the control patients and in 32% of the version patients. There were no maternal or fetal complications directly attributable to external cephalic version. Antepartum external cephalic version under tocolysis is associated With a high success rate, an acceptably low rate of complications, and a decreased incidence of cesarean section for breech presentation at term.
Routes to low mortality in poor countries.

This paper examines how certain populations have achieved low mortality and whether these methods might be utilized by other poor populations. Mortality levels are examined relative to income levels for Third World countries classified as either superior health achievers or poor health achievers; other variables examined are population density family planning use religion and educational level. 3 societies with exceptionally low mortality are Sri Lanka Kerala India) and Costa Rica; these 3 settings are examples of successful "breakthrough" health programs. Similarities among the 3 include a substantial degree of female autonomy dedication to education an open political system a largely civilian society with no rigid class structure and a history of egalitarianism and radicalism. All 3 populations are small; dense settlement and widely diffused commercial farming in rural areas demonstrated in these 3 regions appear to favor reduction in rural-urban mortality levels. Breakthrough periods are identified for each of the societies when provision of health services was implemented on a large scale. In rural areas the primary health center is a base for midwives and health auxiliaries and household visits are an integral part of the program. By substantially raising the proportion of budgetary allocations to education and health (particularly emphasizing education for women) other countries can advance towards low mortality levels. Though the characteristics of the low mortality societies have long historical antecedents effective substitution for this historical experience has been made by some socialist countries and other substitutions are possible in the rest of the Third World. Religion is shown to have been associated with cultures that in some cases have retarded mortality decline and in others assisted it.
THE TIME IS RIGHT? Early Retirements and Use of Time by Older Finns

This study examines job search behaviour by the help of two separate survey data samples. The stock sample represents those job seekers who were either unemployed or in active labour market programmes. The flow sample represents those job seekers, who received a job from open labour market or exited from the labour market all together. Job seekers' activity is analysed by job search intensity index, which is a combination of several measures related to active job search. We show that the level of unemployment, the duration of present unemployment, unemployment benefits, age, education and family situation all affect job seek activity. Participation in labour market programmes increases activity. Commitment to job and unemployment experience correlate with activity. Activity of the unemployed job seekers differs from activity of those, who had received a job as well as between men women.
Deliberate self-harm in adolescents: a study of characteristics and trends in Oxford, 1990-2000.

BACKGROUND Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is a major healthcare problem in adolescents. Identification of targets for prevention and treatment requires ongoing monitoring of trends and characteristics of those involved. METHOD Using data from the Oxford Monitoring System for Attempted Suicide, we have examined trends and characteristics in adolescents aged 12-18 years presenting to a general hospital because of DSH between 1990 and 2000. RESULTS The numbers of presentations by females increased during the study period. An association of DSH with school stress was suggested by there being fewer presentations during the school holiday periods, the largest number in term times occurring on Mondays, and study problems being common. Self-poisoning was involved in more than 90% of episodes. Paracetamol overdoses decreased following legislation on pack sizes of analgesics. Antidepressant overdoses increased during the study period, in keeping with the rise in prescriptions. Drug misuse increased markedly in the boys, as did a history of violence to others. Being a victim of violence increased in girls. Suicide intent was higher in males. Problems faced by the adolescents showed marked gender differences, and differed between age groups and between those carrying out their first DSH episode and repeaters. CONCLUSIONS Clinical management of DSH in adolescents requires a range of responses, often involving multiservice and multidisciplinary input. Preventive initiatives in schools are also required.
Development control and flood risk: Analysis of local planning authority and developer approaches to PPG25

Development in flood plains is not a new phenomenon in the United Kingdom (UK): in many cases the presence of a river has played a large part in the development of a town. Neither are concerns over flooding new: an Act of Parliament in 1531, affirming the powers of Sewer Commissioners, placed their role in the context of increasing incidents of flooding (Wynn, 2002). The Sewer Commissioners and their successors, down to the current Environment Agency, have had powers, but not duties, to maintain land drainage and flood defences. Specific powers to construct new flood defences were made available to the Sewer Commissioners during the 19th century. Since the Town and Country Planning Act 1947, powers have been available for local planning authorities to control development in flood plains. Howarth (2002, p. 362) noted that the risks of flooding and the effects of development on the flooding of neighbouring land have long been recognised as material considerations in the preparation of development plans and in development control. Howe & White (2004) pointed out that flood risk is only one of a number of sometimes conflicting considerations that have to be taken into account by local planning authorities. They placed the need for greater emphasis on the issue of flooding in the context of the social and economic effects of major flood events in 1998 and 2000 and the increasing likelihood of flooding arising from climate change. This is coupled with the growing demand for housing placing pressure on flood plains: the House of Commons Select Committee on Environment, Transport and Regional Affairs (2000) reported that 4000 houses were proposed on flood plains in 1996, compared with at least 20 000 in 2000. This paper examines the relationships between developers, local authorities and housing developers concerning planning applications and flooding in England, which is the part of the UK under greatest pressure for development. The research attempts to identify the perceptions and approaches of local planning authorities
Grassmannian sparse representations

Abstract. We present Grassmannian sparse representations (GSR), a sparse representation Grassmann learning framework for efficient classification. Sparse representation classification offers a powerful approach for recognition in a variety of contexts. However, a major drawback of sparse representation methods is their computational performance and memory utilization for high-dimensional data. A Grassmann manifold is a space that promotes smooth surfaces where points represent subspaces and the relationship between points is defined by the mapping of an orthogonal matrix. Grassmann manifolds are well suited for computer vision problems because they promote high between-class discrimination and within-class clustering, while offering computational advantages by mapping each subspace onto a single point. The GSR framework combines Grassmannian kernels and sparse representations, including regularized least squares and least angle regression, to improve high accuracy recognition while overcoming the drawbacks of performance and dependencies on high dimensional data distributions. The effectiveness of GSR is demonstrated on computationally intensive multiview action sequences, three-dimensional action sequences, and face recognition datasets.
A multimodal public transport planning guidance for sustainable transport in developing countries

Many chaotic public transport systems in developing countries remain unchanged. The question is why we do not have faith in changing the system of public transport in terms of services and performance? Because many local governments think that modern system of public transport is difficult to start with, or it needs much money that they could not afford to support, or, as usual – it is no need to hurry up changing the system. This concept is misleading. In fact if the guidance to improve the public transport system is available then sustainable transport can be achieved and unnecessary expenses caused by pollution and deteriorating city can be avoided. Sustainable transport can be achieved by reducing fuel used for transportation for example reduce car use and switch to public transport use, decrease the excessive public transport to the efficient and effective public transport, switch unimodal to multimodal public transport system. Many examples can be adapted, but they still need adjustment, which might take longer than previously doing the complete survey. Therefore, it is desirable to write guidance for the initiative of establishing the multimodal public transport (MMPT) system.
Performance Characteristics of Emerging Capital Markets

Capital markets in developing countries have become an important asset class. These emerging markets are commonly associated with high returns, high volatility, and diversification benefits for investors in developed markets. We used the Emerging Markets Data Base provided by the International Finance Corporation to examine the risk and return characteristics of emerging markets. Contrary to the results often presented in the popular press, we found that these markets have not produced high levels of compound returns relative to U.S. stock markets for the 20-year time period ending in June 1995. They have experienced a high level of volatility, but they also have consistently provided diversification benefits when combined with developed market portfolios.
Hormones, Pregnancy, and Autoimmune Diseases

Abstract: Hormonal factors linked to age, gender, and reproductive status are undoubtedly involved in regulating the onset of numerous autoimmune diseases. For example, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a disease characterized by immune complex‐mediated pathology linked to excess Th2 cytokine production (e.g., IL‐10) primarily affects women in the reproductive years. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a disease characterized primarily by cell‐mediated joint immunopathology linked to deficient Th2 cytokine production, is also more common in women, but, in contrast to SLE, the highest incidence is at menopause. Pregnancy‐associated changes in these diseases, however, provide the most compelling evidence that hormonal factors play a major role in modulating the expression of these diseases. SLE often flares during pregnancy, whereas RA commonly remits during pregnancy and flares or initially develops in the postpartum period, These observations appear to be explained by the accumulating data indicating that during pregnancy cell‐mediated immune function and Th1 cytokine production (e.g., IL‐12, interferon‐γ) are suppressed, and humoral immunity and Th2 cytokine production (e.g., IL‐4, IL‐10) are enhanced. These patterns reverse in the postpartum period. In other words, antithetical Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles appear to characterize pregnancy and the postpartum period. Strong evidence now indicates that changes in the production of cortisol, progesterone, and estrogen play a major role in modulating Th1/Th2 cytokine balance.
Fos/AP‐1 proteins in bone and the immune system

Summary: The skeleton and the immune system share a variety of different cytokines and transcription factors, thereby mutually influencing each other. These interactions are not confined to the bone marrow cavity where bone cells and hematopoietic cells exist in proximity but also occur at locations that are target sites for inflammatory bone diseases. The newly established research area termed ‘osteoimmunology’ attempts to unravel these skeletal/immunological relationships. Studies towards a molecular understanding of inflammatory bone diseases from an immunological as well as a bone‐centered perspective have been very successful and led to the identification of several signaling pathways that are causally involved in inflammatory bone loss. Induction of receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)‐κB ligand (RANKL) signals by activated T cells and subsequent activation of the key transcription factors Fos/activator protein‐1 (AP‐1), NF‐κB, and NF for activation of T cells c1 (NFATc1) are in the center of the signaling networks leading to osteoclast‐mediated bone loss. Conversely, nature has employed the interferon system to antagonize excessive osteoclast differentiation, although this counteracting activity appears to be overruled under pathological conditions. Here, we focus on Fos/AP‐1 functions in osteoimmunology, because this osteoclastogenic transcription factor plays a central role in inflammatory bone loss by regulating genes like NFATc1 as well as the interferon system. We also attempt to put potential therapeutic strategies for inflammatory bone diseases in perspective.
Assessing Freedom of Information in Latin America a Decade Later: Illuminating a Transparency Causal Mechanism

Abstract More than 100 freedom of information (FOI) laws have been enacted worldwide, nearly half within the last 10 years. Yet these cross-domain, lynchpin transparency measures have received little scholarly attention. This article assesses the 16 FOI measures adopted across Latin America. Is secrecy being surrendered in a region marked by legacies of opacity? Why are some laws fulfilling their de jure potential in practice while others are not? This article aims to achieve 3 general objectives. It analyzes the de jure and de facto strength of Latin American FOI regimes; it exposes critical data-based and methodological challenges in evaluating and comparing transparency laws; and it illustrates how a causal mechanism, driven by the interactive dynamics of legislative balances of power and cabinet compositions, has had a determinate influence in shaping the strength of FOI regimes from adoption to implementation and reform.
Short‐ and long‐term effects of neonatal and adult visual cortex lesions on the retinal projection to the pulvinar in cats

An increased retinal projection to the pulvinar occurred in cats following neonatal ablation of visual cortical areas 17, 18, and 19. After unilateral lesions, the retinopulvinar projection visualized with autoradiography was larger and denser on the lesioned side than on the intact side. This increased projection was first recognized when the lesioned kittens were 1 week old, when increased labeling in the pulvinar was first detected. The retinopulvinar projection on the intact side of the brain decreased in size with age over the first 3 months of life. This decrease in size was not observed on the lesioned side of the brain. The absence of this decrease on the lesioned side may represent a failure of retraction of exuberant connections, but because of the active invasion by retinal fibers immediately after the lesion, observations of the normal retraction may simply be obscured. Severe cellular degeneration in the dorsal lateral geniculate occurred a few days before the changes in the retinopulvinar projection began; this loss of a postsynaptic target for many retinal axons may trigger the reorganization of input to the pulvinar retino‐recipient zone (pulvinar‐RRZ).
Experimental study of adaptive impedance matching in an indoor environment

In recent years, adaptive impedance matching (AIM) has been used to compensate for severe performance degradation in terminal antennas due to user proximity. In particular, user effect compensation is critical for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) terminals, to achieve high data rates. In this study, the AIM performance of a MIMO terminal is measured for three user scenarios at two locations in an indoor office environment, using real impedance tuners. It was established that AIM leads to MIMO capacity gains of up to 25%, corresponding to 2.2 dB of power gain. On the other hand, the insertion loss of the tuners was found to be about 0.3 dB for free-space conditions. These results suggest that AIM can offer significant net performance gains in practice. Moreover, we provide physical insight into the similar AIM results for the two measured locations, representing geometrical line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS links, respectively.
Predicting Earnings Growth Using E/P Ratios: Australian Evidence

The classic ‘higgledy‐piggledy growth’ studies by Little (1962), Rayner and Little (1966), Brealey (1967), and Lintner and Glauber (1967) essentially reported that earnings changes over time appear to be randomly distributed. More recently Fuller, Huberts and Levinson (1992) have undertaken a US study which challenges some of these earlier findings. Their study utilised the earnings‐to‐price ratio as the market's implicit forecast of future earnings changes. Their results suggested that high E/P stocks tend to have relatively lower earnings changes whilst low E/P stocks tend to have higher earnings changes. This study reworks Fuller, Huberts and Levinson's study on a sample of 207 listed Australian companies for the period 1972–1984. On balance, our results support their findings.
A Model of Exchange Rate Regime Choice in the Transitional Economies of Central and Eastern Europe

The paper develops a model of exchange rate regime choice centered on the trade-off between internal price stability and external competitiveness and allowing for institutional costs of altering exchange rate arrangements. The main implication of the model is a nonlinear relationship between the rate of inflation and the choice of regime for the next period. The model also suggests that a major inflationary shock - like the one to which all Central and Eastern European economies were subject when they allowed prices to be determined by the market - should give rise to a tightening of the exchange rate regime, followed by a gradual introduction of more flexibility as inflation subsides. A series of regressions on a sample of 13 Central and Eastern European economies yield results consistent with the hypothesis.
Crime and Economic Incentives

We explore the role that economic incentives, particularly changes in wages at the bottom end of the wage distribution, play in determining crime rates. We use data on the police force areas of England and Wales between 1975 and 1996 and find (relative) falls in the wages of low-wage workers lead to increases in crime. We carry out a number of experiments with different wage measures, including a wage measure that accounts for the effects of changes in the composition of employment. These reinforce the picture of a strong association between the low-wage labor market and crime. The result that incentives play a central role is reinforced further by the strong impact on crime of deterrence measures and of a measure of the returns to crime.
SKEWNESS IN INDIVIDUAL STOCKS AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES

This paper examines the (a)symmetry of twenty-four individual stock returns at different frequencies: daily, weekly and monthly. While some asymmetries are observed in daily returns, they disappear almost completely at lower frequencies. The explanation for this fact lies in the convergence to normality that takes place when frequency decreases. These features allow one to question several financial models; in particular, they question the preference for positive skewness as a factor for investments in stock markets. Este articulo examina la (a)simetria de las rentabilidades de veinticuatro valores individuales para diferentes frecuencias: diaria, semanal y mensual. Aunque se observan algunas asimetrias en las rentabilidades diarias, estas desaparecen casi completamente en frecuencias menores. La explicacion a este fenomeno reside en la convergencia a la normalidad que se produce al disminuir la frecuencia. Estos hechos cuestionan varios modelos financieros; en concreto cuestionan la preferencia por la asimetria positiva como un factor de inversion en los mercados de acciones.
The objective in valuation: a study of the influence of client feedback

The objective in most property valuations is to estimate open market value. The definition of this means that direct feedback to valuers on their successful achievement of this objective is problematic (i.e. the hypothetical sale that the valuation simulates remains hypothetical). Valuers will therefore rely upon other signals of achievement. Client feedback is the most obvious of these. In mortgage lending valuations this feedback may cause valuers to reformulate the objective to that of 'validate pending sale price'. Such an association has been found to exist with US appraisers. In the UK, however, modification of the valuation objective in this way is found to be associated more strongly with the extent to which valuers specialize upon the valuation task.
Resistance exercise training is associated with decreases in serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in premenopausal women.

BACKGROUND Aerobic exercise training is associated with reduced serum concentrations of triglycerides, increased concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and minimal changes in serum levels of total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. There are few data on the effects of resistance exercise on blood lipid levels. METHODS Premenopausal women were randomly assigned to a supervised resistance exercise training program (n = 46) or a control group (n = 42) for 5 months. Serum was analyzed for levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. Body composition and dietary intake were also measured. RESULTS The exercise group showed a 0.33 +/- 0.03-mmol/L (mean +/- SE) decrease in total cholesterol level and a 0.36 +/- 0.001-mmol/L decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level that was significantly different from the control group. No significant changes were noted in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglyceride levels in either group. Changes in body composition showed no significant correlations with changes in total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. There were no significant differences in nutrient intake between the groups. CONCLUSION In healthy, premenopausal women, with normal baseline lipid profiles, 5 months of resistance exercise training was associated with significant decreases in serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations.