Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trustworthy provenance framework for document workflow provenance

Document workflows, which plays a major role in enterprise business process automation, are dynamic and prone to be changed over time. Assuring the provenance of these workflows is important when comes to quality, long term preservation, forensics and regulatory compliance. This research introduces a Provenance Framework for collecting workflow provenance data, storing them in documents as metadata securely and querying stored provenance data. The author uses the concept of making data objects independent and consider provenance data as intrinsic property of the data object, to support long term preservation of documents with provenance and to maintain the link between the data object and its provenance in cloud over time. Provenance data modeling and representation is done according to the W3C PROV Model. XMP framework is used to store and query provenance data as metadata in documents. Document signatures and metadata encryption is used to ensure security of provenance data.
Intertwined Viral Marketing through Online Social Networks

Traditional viral marketing problems aim at selecting a subset of seed users for one single product to maximize its awareness in social networks. However, in real scenarios, multiple products can be promoted in social networks at the same time. At the product level, the relationships among these products can be quite intertwined, e.g., competing, complementary and independent. In this paper, we will study the "interTwined Influence Maximization" (i.e., TIM) problem for one product that we target on in online social networks, where multiple other competing/complementary/independent products are being promoted simultaneously. The TIM problem is very challenging to solve due to (1) few existing models can handle the intertwined diffusion procedure of multiple products concurrently, and (2) optimal seed user selection for the target product may depend on other products' marketing strategies a lot. To address the TIM problem, a unified greedy framework TIER (interTwined Influence EstimatoR) is proposed in this paper. Extensive experiments conducted on four different types of real-world social networks demonstrate that TIER can outperform all the comparison methods with significant advantages in solving the TIM problem.
Cost-minimizing construction of a unidirectional SHR with diverse protection

The widespread use of SONET technology makes the self-healing ring (SHR) architecture the most basic building-block in designing a large fiber-optic network which is not only survivable but also cost-effective. We address the design problem of placing a single SONET unidirectional ring with a single gateway hub in a region administered by a community of interest. Introduced for the purpose of further cost-saving in our problem setting is the flexibility that some offices, instead of being included in the ring, can be homed to the ring via two arc-disjoint paths. Given the set of offices and potential arcs, the objective is then to determine at the minimum total cost both the ring location and the homing to the ring of its nonmember nodes. We formulate the problem as a mixed integer programming model and develop an efficient solution procedure by devising six improvement heuristics. Extensive computational experiments are conducted with input data instances selected from the data ranges of the real-world environments. The practical value of the solution procedure for network planners is well evidenced by its excellent and consistent performance of quickly generated good-quality solutions over various input data instances.
Effect of predicted protein-truncating genetic variants on the human transcriptome

Expression, genetic variation, and tissues Human genomes show extensive genetic variation across individuals, but we have only just started documenting the effects of this variation on the regulation of gene expression. Furthermore, only a few tissues have been examined per genetic variant. In order to examine how genetic expression varies among tissues within individuals, the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Consortium collected 1641 postmortem samples covering 54 body sites from 175 individuals. They identified quantitative genetic traits that affect gene expression and determined which of these exhibit tissue-specific expression patterns. Melé et al. measured how transcription varies among tissues, and Rivas et al. looked at how truncated protein variants affect expression across tissues. Science, this issue p. 648, p. 660, p. 666; see also p. 640 Protein-truncated variants impact gene expression levels and splicing across human tissues. [Also see Perspective by Gibson] Accurate prediction of the functional effect of genetic variation is critical for clinical genome interpretation. We systematically characterized the transcriptome effects of protein-truncating variants, a class of variants expected to have profound effects on gene function, using data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and Geuvadis projects. We quantitated tissue-specific and positional effects on nonsense-mediated transcript decay and present an improved predictive model for this decay. We directly measured the effect of variants both proximal and distal to splice junctions. Furthermore, we found that robustness to heterozygous gene inactivation is not due to dosage compensation. Our results illustrate the value of transcriptome data in the functional interpretation of genetic variants.
The development of higher education in the United Kingdom since 1945

1. Introduction 2. Higher education before 1945 3. A tabular summary of post-war developments 4. Policy and funding: from elite to mass participation 5. Institutions: continuing diversity? 6. Institutional management and relationships 7. Course design 8. Research and knowledge 9. The student experience I: full-time undergraduate students 10. The student experience II: postgraduate students, international students and widening participation 11. The staff experience 12. The (changing? ) idea of the university References
Automated measurement of crowd density based on edge detection and optical flow

In metropolitan area, the use of analog CCTV surveillance system has steadily increased to detect and prevent crimes, terror, big persons and cars crowded in road that CCTV surveillance systems have long been employed in metropolitan area. It is necessary to equip intelligent surveillance systems, which provide an efficient solution for the problems because the cities become bigger than now in population. Therefore, a method that can efficiently measure crowd density is needed. We present an efficient method that estimates information of crowd movement by using the optical flow and the numbers of moving objects by using the numbers of edge pixels. Finally, we will classify the crowd density using the two estimated information according to five levels of crowd density.
Antisense-RNA-Mediated Gene Downregulation in Clostridium pasteurianum

Clostridium pasteurianum is receiving growing attention for its unique metabolic properties, particularly its ability to convert waste glycerol and glycerol-rich byproducts into butanol, a prospective biofuel. Genetic tool development and whole genome sequencing have recently been investigated to advance the genetic tractability of this potential industrial host. Nevertheless, methodologies for tuning gene expression through plasmid-borne expression and chromosomal gene downregulation are still absent. Here we demonstrate plasmid-borne heterologous gene expression and gene knockdown using antisense RNA in C. pasteurianum. We first employed a common thermophilic β-galactosidase (lacZ) gene reporter system from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosulfurogenes to characterize two promoters involved in the central fermentative metabolism of C. pasteurianum. Due to a higher level of constitutive lacZ expression compared to the ferredoxin gene (fdx) promoter, the thiolase (thl) promoter was selected to drive expression of asRNA. Expression of a lacZ asRNA resulted in 52%–58% downregulation of β-galactosidase activity compared to the control strain throughout the duration of culture growth. Subsequent implementation of our asRNA approach for downregulation of the native hydrogenase I gene (hydA) in C. pasteurianum resulted in altered end product distribution, characterized by an increase in production of reduced metabolites, particularly butyrate (40% increase) and ethanol (25% increase). Knockdown of hydA was also accompanied by increased acetate formation and lower levels of 1,3-propanediol, signifying a dramatic shift in cellular metabolism in response to inhibition of the hydrogenase enzyme. The methodologies described herein for plasmid-based heterologous gene expression and antisense-RNA-mediated gene knockdown should promote rational metabolic engineering of C. pasteurianum for enhanced production of butanol as a prospective biofuel.
A Simple Power Consumption Model of CMOS Buffers Briving RC Interconnect Lines

We present a simple and accurate model to compute the power dissipated in sub-micron CMOS buffers driving RC interconnect lines. The expression obtained accounts for the main effects in current sub-micron CMOS technologies as carrier velocity saturation effects, input-output coupling capacitor, output load, input slew time, device sizes and interconnect resistance. Results are compared to HSPICE simulations (level 50) and other models for a 0. 18μm and a 0. 35μm technologies showing significant improvements.
AUTOMATED ESTIMATION OF LEFT HEART FILLING USING THE CONTINUOUS WAVELET TRANSFORM

This work aims to further current understanding of the physics behind left ventricular (LV) filling by analyzing how the diastolic filling wave changes in various LV geometries. The LV is known to remodel in disease and as part of the natural aging process. Astronauts also see a change in LV geometry when exposed to micro gravity as their physiological systems quickly adapt to this new environment. Even after short term missions, astronauts may experience weakened circulatory systems after returning to earth, including an atrophied LV, with decreased mass and volume. The relationship between LV filling wave dynamics and LV geometries is investigated. A temporally varying physical wave propagation velocity is measured using a continuous wavelet transform analysis on Color M-Mode echocardiogram data and applied to a patient cohort with various LV geometries. The presented analysis is contained in an automated algorithm which outputs common clinical parameters from clinical scans which would be useful on long duration space missions when there is no physician on board. Also, this improved insight into the effect of changes in LV geometry on the heart filling wave will improve understanding of heart disease, leading to improved diagnostics and treatment procedures here on earth.
How do students solve parsons programming problems?: an analysis of interaction traces

The process of solving a programming assignment is generally invisible to the teacher. We only see the end result and maybe a few snapshots along the way. In order to investigate this process with regard to Parsons problems, we used an online environment for Parsons problems in Python to record a detailed trace of all the interaction during the solving session. In these assignments, learners are to correctly order and indent a given set of code fragments in order to build a functioning program that meets the set requirements. We collected data from students of two programming courses and among other analyses present a visualization of the solution path as an interactive graph that can be used to explore such patterns and anomalies as backtracking and loops in the solution. The results provide insights into students' solving process for these types of problems and ideas on how to improve the assignment environment and its use in programming education.
Deeds: a D Istributed Active Real-time Database System

DeeDS combines active database functionality with critical timing constraints and integrated system monitoring. Since the reactive database mechanisms, or rule management system, must meet critical deadlines, we m ust employ methods that make triggering of rules and execution of actions predictable. We will focus on the scheduling issues associated with dynamic scheduling of workloads where the triggered transactions have hard, rm or soft deadlines, and how transient o verloads may be resolved by substituting transactions by computationally cheaper ones. The rationale for a loosely coupled general purpose event monitoring facility, t h a t w orks in tight connection with the scheduler, is presented. For performance and predictability, the scheduler and event monitor are executing on a separate CPU from the rest of the system. Real-time database accesses in DeeDS are made predictable and ecient b y employing methods such as main memory resident data, full replication, eventual consistency, and prevention of global deadlocks. Authors are listed in alphabetical order.
Sums of distinct unit fractions

We shall consider the representation of numbers as the sum of distinct unit fractions; in particular we will answer two questions recently raised by Herbert S. Wilf. A sequence of positive integers S={ nl, n2, . } with n1 < n2 < . is an R-basis if every positive integer is the sum of distinct reciprocals of finitely many integers of S. In Research Problem 6 [1, p. 457], Herbert S. Wilf raises several questions about R-bases, including: Does an R-basis necessarily have a positive density? If S consists of all positive integers and f(n) is the least number required to represent n, what, in some average sense, is the growth of f(n)? These two questions are answered by Theorems 1 and 5 below. Theorem 4 is a "best-possible" strengthening of Theorem 1.
Vasopressin vs Terlipressin in Treatment of Refractory Shock

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) and its synthetic, long-acting analog terlipressin (TP) are potent alternative vasoconstrictors in the treatment of septic patients with catecholamine-refractive vasodilatatory shock. Recent clinical data suggest that early administration of AVP analogues may be advantageous compared to a last resort therapy. However, it is still unknown whether vasopressin and terlipressin are equally effective for hemodynamic support in shock. Despite important pharmacological differences between the two drugs the use of either substance is determined mainly by local availability and institutional inventory. The current literature suggests that neither AVP nor TP should be administered in high doses in shock. Furthermore, increasing evidence indicates that early administration of terlipressin may improve outcome as compared to a last-resort treatment. Low-dose infusion of AVP has been demonstrated to be a safe adjunct in the management of refractory shock. Evidence from experimental studies and initial clinical reports suggests that continuous low-dose infusion of TP may stabilize hemodynamics in shock. In this review we briefly described differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics between AVP and Terlipressin (TP) in treatment of refractory shock.
Discovery of Two Very Low Mass Binaries: Final Results of an Adaptive Optics Survey of Nearby M6.0-M7.5 Stars

We present updated results of a high-resolution, magnitude-limited (Ks < 12 mag) imaging survey of nearby low-mass M6.0-M7.5 field stars. The observations were carried out using adaptive optics at the Gemini North, VLT, Keck II, and Subaru telescopes. Our sample of 36 stars consists predominantly of nearby (≲30 pc) field stars, five of which we have resolved as binaries. Two of the binary systems, 2MASSI J0429184-312356 and 2MASSI J1847034+552243, are presented here for the first time. All five of the discovered binary systems have separations between 0. ″08 and 0. ″53 (2-9 AU) with similar mass ratios (q > 0.8, ΔKs < 1 mag). This result supports the hypothesis that wide (a > 20 AU), very low mass (VLM; Mtot < 0.19 M☉) binary systems are rare. The projected semimajor axis distribution of these systems peak at ~5 AU, and we report a sensitivity-corrected binary fraction of 9 % for stars with primaries of spectral type M6.0-M7.5 with separations ≳3 AU and mass ratios q ≳ 0.6. Within these instrumental sensitivities, these results support the overall trend that both the semimajor axis distribution and binary fraction are a function of the mass of the primary star and decrease with decreasing primary mass. These observations provide important constraints for low-mass binary star formation theories.
Evolution of eggshell structure during rapid range expansion in a passerine bird

Summary 1. Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity and partial oxygen pressure can affect avian eggshell structure because gas exchange across the shell must allow sufficient water loss while preventing dehydration of the embryo. Studies of species with known chronology of colonization of novel environments provide a powerful insight into the relative importance of ecological factors shaping the evolution of eggshell structure. 2. Here, we examined changes in eggshell structure that accompanied rapid range expansion of house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) across North America. We analysed thickness and pore density in eggshells from three ecologically distinct populations: the native desert population in southwestern Arizona and two 30-year-old populations in the northwestern (north-west Montana) and southeastern (south-east Alabama) parts of the species’ range. We also conducted cross-foster exchanges of freshly laid eggs within and between the northwestern and southeastern populations to examine consequences of population differences in eggshell structure on embryo development. 3. Eggshell structure was most distinct in a recently established population inhabiting higher humidity environment (southeastern Alabama), where eggs were the largest, eggshells the thickest and pore density the lowest. Populations that experienced highly distinct ambient temperatures (southwestern Arizona and northwestern Montana) nevertheless had similar eggshell structure. These results were corroborated by experiments where humidity differences between cross-fostered nests had twice the effect on embryo survival compared to the effect of change in ambient temperature. Correspondingly, experimental egg exchanges between southeastern. Alabama and northwestern Montana populations were associated with fourfold increase in embryo mortality compared to within-population egg exchanges. 4. We document rapid evolution of eggshell structure in response to colonization of novel environments and establish the relative importance of environmental factors on avian eggshells. We discuss these results in relation to population variation in incubation behaviour and its ability to shield eggshell structure from the selection exerted by novel environments.
Woody Biomass Supply, Economics, and Biofuel Policy

The amount of woody biomass available for biofuel production depends on tree growth rate, harvesting techniques, harvest cost, government policies, and established traditions within the industry. Comparing estimates of biomass availability across studies is difficult because of different methodologies for estimating biomass supply, compounded by inconsistent and often unspecified assumptions. Studies differ in their definition of biomass (i.e., tree size, parts of tree) and consideration of ecological and economic factors (i.e., harvest productivity and costs, competing demand, compliance with existing regulations). In particular, existing restrictions on bio-mass harvesting for biofuels under the Federal Renewable Fuel Standard often are not included. Additionally, because most biomass availability studies ignore current biomass uses, an overestimation of available bio-mass for future uses results. Presented are new estimates for the amount of economically available biomass in Maine, taking into consideration both economic (integrated harvesting for pulp and precommercial thinning) and ecological factors. It is found that biomass availability varies greatly, depending on the relative location of the biorefinery, biomass harvesting site, and existing wood consumers (e.g., pulp mill). Indeed, harvesting and transporting woody biomass without an existing use for the high-value forest products (saw logs and pulp) probably makes woody biomass for energy production uneconomical. This finding is contrary to some existing studies and suggests that economic consideration needs greater emphasis in estimating biomass availability for biofuels.
Characterization of Two Novel Gammapapillomaviruses, HPV179 and HPV184, Isolated from Common Warts of a Renal-Transplant Recipient

Gammapapillomavirus (Gamma-PV) is a diverse and rapidly expanding PV-genus, currently consisting of 76 fully characterized human papillomavirus (HPV) types. In this study, DNA genomes of two novel HPV types, HPV179 and HPV184, obtained from two distinct facial verrucae vulgares specimens of a 64 year-old renal-transplant recipient, were fully cloned, sequenced and characterized. HPV179 and HPV184 genomes comprise 7,228-bp and 7,324-bp, respectively, and contain four early (E1, E2, E6 and E7) and two late genes (L1 and L2); the non-coding region is typically positioned between L1 and E6 genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the L1 nucleotide sequence placed both novel types within the Gamma-PV genus: HPV179 was classified as a novel member of species Gamma-15, additionally containing HPV135 and HPV146, while HPV184 was classified as a single member of a novel species Gamma-25. HPV179 and HPV184 type-specific quantitative real-time PCRs were further developed and used in combination with human beta-globin gene quantitative real-time PCR to determine the prevalence and viral load of the novel types in the patient’s facial warts and several follow-up skin specimens, and in a representative collection, a total of 569 samples, of HPV-associated benign and malignant neoplasms, hair follicles and anal and oral mucosa specimens obtained from immunocompetent individuals. HPV179 and HPV184 viral loads in patients’ facial warts were estimated to be 2,463 and 3,200 genome copies per single cell, respectively, suggesting their active role in the development of common warts in organ-transplant recipients. In addition, in this particular patient, both novel types had established a persistent infection of the skin for more than four years. Among immunocompetent individuals, HPV179 was further detected in low-copy numbers in a few skin specimens, indicating its cutaneous tissue tropism, while HPV184 was further detected in low-copy numbers in one mucosal and a few skin specimens, suggesting its dual tissue tropism.