Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High Incidence of Multiple Viral Infections Identified in Upper Respiratory Tract Infected Children under Three Years of Age in Shanghai, China

Background Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is a major reason for hospitalization in childhood. More than 80% of URTIs are viral. Etiological diagnosis of URTIs is important to make correct clinical decisions on treatment methods. However, data for viral spectrum of URTIs are very limited in Shanghai children. Methods Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from a group of 164 children aged below 3 years who were hospitalized due to acute respiratory infection from May 2009 to July 2010 in Shanghai. A VRDAL multiplex PCR for 10 common respiratory viruses was performed on collected specimens compared with the Seeplex® RV15 ACE Detection kit for 15 respiratory viruses. Results Viruses were detected in 84 (51.2%) patients by VRDAL multiplex PCR, and 8 (4.9%) of cases were mixed infections. Using the Seeplex® RV15 ACE Detection kit, viruses were detected in 129 (78.7%) patients, 49 (29.9%) were co-infected cases. Identified viruses included 37 of human rhinovirus (22.6% of cases), 32 of influenza A virus (19.5%), 30 of parainfluenzavirus-2 (18.3%), 23 of parainfluenzavirus-3 (14.0%), 15 of human enterovirus (9.1%), 14 each of parainfluenzavirus-1, respiratory syncytial virus B and adenovirus (8.5%), 8 of coronavirus 229E/NL63 (4.9%), 6 of human bocavirus (3.7%), 5 each of influenza B virus and respiratory syncytial virus A (3.0%), 3 of parainfluenzavirus-4 (1.8%), 2 of coronavirus OC43/HKU1 (1.2%), and 1 human metapneumovirus (0.6%). Conclusions A high frequency of respiratory infections (78.7%) and co-infections (29.9%) was detected in children with acute respiratory infection symptoms in Shanghai. The Seeplex® RV15 ACE detection method was found to be a more reliable high throughput tool than VRDAL method to simultaneously detect multiple respiratory viruses.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis Bacteriophage BMBtp2

ABSTRACT Bacillus thuringiensis is an insect pathogen which has been widely used for biocontrol. During B. thuringiensis fermentation, lysogenic bacteriophages cause severe losses of yield. Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of a bacteriophage, BMBtp2, which is induced from B. thuringiensis strain YBT-1765, which may be helpful to clarify the mechanism involved in bacteriophage contamination.
Gene flow and genetic diversity in naturally fragmented metapopulations of deep-sea hydrothermal vent animals.

The ephemeral nature of deep-sea hydrothermal vents is expected to favor species with good colonization abilities, high dispersal rates, and rapid individual growth rates. Studies of gene flow in vent-endemic species provide glimpses into modes and patterns of dispersal. For some species, gene flow occurs without geographical bias (i.e., island model); their dispersal capabilities probably exceed the sampled geographical range. For other species, genetic differentiation increases with geographical distance (isolation-by-distance model) and suggests a stepping-stone mode of dispersal between neighboring vents. Genetic subdivision in a third group of species is associated with geographical offsets between contiguous segments of a ridge axis. These species all possess a free-living larval stage and average rates of gene flow (Nm) exceeding the critical value of one. In contrast, an amphipod that broods its young shows evidence for isolation-by-distance along a ridge axis and nearly complete isolation between distinct ridge axes. Early successional species (i.e., those that rapidly establish populations at nascent vents) also have high levels of genetic variability that probably results from a larger global population size. Bivalve species, which are restricted to a few of the known vent sites, appear at a later successional stage and have lower levels of variability. The relative successional position (early versus late) and overall abundance of a species may play significant roles in determining the retention of genetic diversity in populations inhabiting these ephemeral environments.
Interweaving objects, types and people

This position paper reflects a line of research that focuses on patterns of human activity over time. We aim to fit, show and support human activity via a rich record of people's motion amongst information, tools, other people, and space. We have built tools that track activity in the web and local files, and are now extending them to track motion amongst the streets of the city and the artifacts of a local museum. They make recommendations for movement and selection that are specific to the ongoing context of each user. Our intention is to treat physical and electronic objects as uniformly as possible, concentrating on their similarities as information bearing entities, rather than on their different characteristic media. A higher-level aim is to build systems that conform to contemporary models of language and semiology, that offer a unifying view of information based on its role in human activity and interpretation.
Rapid evolution of morphology and adaptive life history in the invasive California wild radish (Raphanus sativus) and the implications for management

Understanding the evolution and demography of invasive populations may be key for successful management. In this study, we test whether or not populations of the non‐native, hybrid‐derived California wild radish have regionally adapted to divergent climates over their 150‐year history in California and determine if population demographic dynamics might warrant different region‐specific strategies for control. Using a reciprocal transplant approach, we found evidence for genetically based differences both between and among northern, coastal and southern, inland populations of wild radish. Individual fitness was analyzed using a relatively new statistical method called ‘aster modeling’ which integrates temporally sequential fitness measurements. In their respective home environments, fitness differences strongly favored southern populations and only slightly favored northern populations. Demographic rates of transition and sensitivities also differed between regions of origin, suggesting that the most effective approach for reducing overall population growth rate would be to target different life‐history stages in each region.
Clinical characteristics of asymptomatic left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and its association with self‐rated health and N‐terminal B‐type natriuretic peptide: a cross‐sectional study

Left ventricular hypertrophy, obesity, hypertension, and N‐terminal B‐type natriuretic peptide (Nt‐proBNP) predict left ventricular diastolic dysfunction with preserved systolic function (DD‐PSF). Self‐rated health (SRH) is shown to be associated with chronic diseases, but the association of SRH with DD‐PSF is unclear. In light of the clinical implications of DD‐PSF, the following goals are of considerable importance: (1) to determine the role of SRH in patients with DD‐PSF in the general population and (2) to study the association between Nt‐proBNP and DD‐PSF.
A Survey on the Cognitive Basis of Visual Attention in Real-World Behavior

As humans navigate through daily life, their visual systems constantly encounter more stimuli than they can process in real time. To overcome this issue, humans acquire relevant visual information selectively and sequentially using gaze fixations. Understanding the patterns of these fixations is the topic of many cognitive studies on human visual attention. In this paper, we try to give a broad overview about this research, starting with early work on the role of visual conspicuity of attended photographs and show how this research affected follow-up work. We also show more recent gaze studies on non-static, real-world behavior and how they contributed to current research turning away from modeling gaze primarily based on visually conspicuity and towards task-centered models in-
Challenges in transition from web to app

Ease of availability and handy nature of mobile devices have made accessing services through mobile apps more popular than that of web applications. The inclination of service providers also is towards using mobile apps instead of traditional web applications. This transition may not be smooth though and may face challenges. This paper lists the key differences between web & mobile apps and challenges in the transition from the web to mobile apps. We discuss/elaborate solutions to these challenges using app indexing, faster incremental downloading strategies and improved updating approaches.
Sensorless Sliding Mode Control of Induction Motor Pump fed by Photovoltaic Generator

This paper deals with the modeling and nonlinear sliding mode con- trol with observer of a centrifugal pump system driven by a three-phase induc- tion motor, which is supplied by a photovoltaic generator (PVG). This work is motivated by the need to track the maximum power from the PVG which is a non-linear device having illumination-dependent volt-ampere characteristic. This objective is reached by the application of a sliding mode control approach (SMC). First, the different models of elements composing the whole system are presented: the PVG, the DC/AC inverter, the induction motor (IM) and the pump. Second, we propose a sliding mode control which insures the conver- gence of the rotor speed and the square of the rotor flux magnitude to their ref- erences. This choice allows the PVG to work at its maximum power point. The obtained simulation results illustrate the validity and the performances of the suggested approach. …
Magnetic Resonance Elastography Predicts Advanced Fibrosis in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Prospective Study

Retrospective studies have shown that two‐dimensional magnetic resonance elastography (2D‐MRE), a novel MR method for assessment of liver stiffness, correlates with advanced fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Prospective data on diagnostic accuracy of 2D‐MRE in the detection of advanced fibrosis in NAFLD are needed. The aim of this study is to prospectively assess the diagnostic accuracy of 2D‐MRE, a noninvasive imaging biomarker, in predicting advanced fibrosis (stage 3 or 4) in well‐characterized patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD. This is a cross‐sectional analysis of a prospective study including 117 consecutive patients (56% women) with biopsy‐proven NAFLD who underwent a standardized research visit: history, exam, liver biopsy assessment (using the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network histological scoring system), and 2D‐MRE from 2011 to 2013. The radiologist and pathologist were blinded to clinical and pathology/imaging data, respectively. Receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) were examined to assess the diagnostic test performance of 2D‐MRE in predicting advanced fibrosis. The mean (± standard deviation) of age and body mass index was 50.1 (± 13.4) years and 32.4 (± 5.0) kg/m2, respectively. The median time interval between biopsy and 2D‐MRE was 45 days (interquartile range: 50 days). The number of patients with fibrosis stages 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 43, 39, 13, 12, and 10, respectively. The area under the ROC curve for 2D‐MRE discriminating advanced fibrosis (stage 3‐4) from stage 0‐2 fibrosis was 0.924 (P < 0.0001). A threshold of >3.63 kPa had a sensitivity of 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65‐0.97), specificity of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.83‐0.96), positive predictive value of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.48‐0.84), and negative predictive value of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.91‐0.99). Conclusions: MRE is accurate in predicting advanced fibrosis and may be utilized for noninvasive diagnosis of advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. (Hepatology 2014;60:1919–1927)
Willingness to Move for Work and Unemployment Duration

This paper examines unemployed workers' willingness to move for work and its relationship with their unemployment duration in Spain. We use a hypothetical question in the Spanish Labour Force Survey: "Would you accept a job offer which implied a change of residence? " The main finding is that while family responsibilities, age and education are important in determining individuals' migration willingness, the duration of unemployment does not show any significant effect, even after controlling for unobserved fixed individual heterogeneity. However, the significant improvement in migration willingness after exhaustion of unemployment benefits (or when other household members become unemployed) suggests that economic incentives could play an important role in increasing worker mobility. We also find that the job-finding probability is significantly higher among those with positive migration attitudes than among others.
Semantic video model for content-based retrieval

Traditional research on video data retrieval follows two general approaches. One is based on text annotation and the other on content-based comparison. However these approaches do not fully make use of the meaning implied in a video stream. To improve these approaches, a semantic video model cooperating with a knowledge database is studied. We propose a new semantic video model and focus on presenting the semantic meaning implied in a video. According to the granularity of the meaning implied in a video, a five-level layered structure to model a video stream is proposed. A mechanism is also provided to construct the five levels based on the knowledge categories defined in the knowledge database. The five-level layered structure consists of raw-data levels and semantic-data levels. A uniform semantics representation is proposed to represent the semantic-data levels. This uniform semantics representation allows measuring the similarity of two video streams with different duration. Then an interactive interface can provide browsing and querying video data efficiently through the uniform semantics representation.
Planetary delay-Doppler radar and the long-code method

Delay-Doppler mapping continues to be the most widely used imaging technique in radar astronomy. Various methods have been devised to partition echoes in delay-Doppler space for different degrees of echo dispersion (as quantified by the overspreading factor F). These include the standard interpulse/intercode methods for underspread (F 1) echoes, intrapulse methods for grossly overspread echoes, and the long-code method for the intermediate case of moderate overspreading. Here the standard and long-code methods are compared, treating various aspects of experiment design, data analysis, and calibration. Previous and future applications of the long-code method are also reviewed.
School Choice and Competition: Markets in the Public Interest?

This book offers a unique record of the realities of parental choice and competitive pressures on schools. On the basis of research involving thousands of parents and eleven secondary schools monitored over several years, it sets out: * empirical findings on parents' preferences and experience of choice, how schools respond to competitive pressures, and local dynamics of quasi-markets * theoretical implications for understanding quasi-markets in education and the public interest * implications for educational policy, if schools are to be more responsive and inequalities lessened The book provides insights into whether pressures for choice and diversity are in the greater public interest, or if they benefit only the few, and suggests a notion of the public-market as a model for analysing public services.
Dynamic Scheduling for Wireless Data Center Networks

Unbalanced traffic demands of different data center applications are an important issue in designing data center networks (DCN). In this paper, we present our exploratory investigation on a hybrid DCN solution of utilizing wireless transmissions in DCNs. Our work aims to solve the congestion problem caused by a few hot nodes to improve the global performance. We model the wireless transmissions in DCN by considering both the wireless interference and the adaptive transmission rate. Besides, both throughput and job completion time are considered to measure the impact of wireless transmissions on the global performance. Based on the model, we formulate the problem of channel allocation as an optimization problem. We also design an approximation algorithm with an approximation bound of 1/2 and a genetic algorithm to address the scheduling problem. A series of simulations are performed to evaluate and demonstrate the effectiveness of our wireless DCN scheme.
Handelbare Verschuldungsrechte zur Sicherung fiskalischer Stabilität in der Währungsunion

Der europaische Stabilitats- und Wachstumspakt zahlt zu den zentralen Pfeilern der Europaischen Wahrungsunion. Die Erfahrungen der letzten Jahre zeigen jedoch, dass seine disziplinierende Wirkung zur Begrenzung ubermasiger Defizite in Zweifel zu ziehen ist. Auf der Basis des von Ronald Coase geforderten Denkens in „institutionellen Alternativen“ wird im folgenden Papier die Einfuhrung handelbarer Verschuldungsrechte in der Europaischen Wahrungsunion diskutiert. Dabei wird gezeigt, dass handelbare Verschuldungsrechte sowohl aus politokonomischer als auch aus allokationstheoretischer Sicht dem bisherigen Regelungen des Stabilitats- und Wachstumspaktes uberlegen sind und eine hohere Anreizkompatibilitat zur Verhinderung ubermasiger Defizite garantieren. The Stability and Growth Pact is one of the constituent pillars of the European Monetary Union. Though, meanwhile it is obvious that it will not be able to limit fiscal deficits of the member states. For this reason in this paper Coase’s thinking in institutional alternatives is applied to find a better way to increase the incentives for more fiscal stability. We present and discuss tradable deficit permits comprising market-orientated incentives for fiscal stability. It is shown that tradable deficit permits are superior from a politico-economical view as well as with regard to allocative efficiency.
Multi-Channel MAC protocol for Cognitive Wireless Mesh Network

With the flourishing development of wideband wireless communication, wireless spectrum resource gets scarcer. Base on spectrum sensing of cognitive radio, we apply it in multi-channel MAC protocol of wireless mesh network, and propose a new multi-channel MAC protocol for cognitive wireless mesh network (CWMN-MMAC) in this paper. Depending on distributed spectrum sensing and negotiation of cognitive users, it can allocate unused spectrum to unlicensed users dynamically and improve utilization of spectrum resource effectively. Through simulation, we analyze the influence of ATIM window to the throughput and channel utilization when licensed user is absent.
Survey on Datamining Techniques for Recommendation Systems

— Recommender or recommendation systems are nowadays widely used. Recommendation system is a system which provides recommendations to users according to their tastes. Also it is a system that can guide the user in a personalized way. Recommender systems can be classified into: content based collaborative filtering and hybrid approach. There are number of data mining algorithms used in recommendation system. But each of it has its advantages and disadvantages. In this paper a comparison between content based and collaborative filtering techniques and the advantages and disadvantages of the algorithms used in those techniques are discussed.
Development of the Optimum Currency Areas theory : some issues

This paper gives a sketch of some theoretical foundations, showing the development of the Optimum Currency Areas theory. It presents OCA properties, the fulfillment of which is a precondition to consider a chosen geographic domain as an optimum currency area. It provides a background on some issues of cost and benefit analysis derived from participation in a currency area and from relinquishing monetary policy autonomy. The paper also shows the influence of theoretical and economic phenomena on reconsidering some of the OCA theory's elements. (original abstract)
Extracting and Annotating Wikipedia Sub-Domains — Towards a New eScience Community Resource

We suggest a simple procedure for the extraction of Wikipedia sub-domains, propose a plain-text (human and machine readable) corpus exchange format, reﬂect on the interactions of Wikipedia markup and linguistic analysis, and report initial experimental results in parsing and treebanking a domain-speciﬁc sub-set of Wikipedia content
Health Care Infrastructure Security using Bimodal Biometrics System

Ensuring the security of patient medical record has become an important issue with this current l electronic medical record, this is due to the fact that patient confidential health information can be access, view and edit on Personal Computer (PC) at any time. In order to protect the patient health confidential information, this research use bimodal biometric (face and fingerprint) authentication to secure patient Electronic Medical Record (EMR). The bimodal biometric (fingerprint and face) are often affected by distortions which are caused by environmental noise such as oil, wrinkles, dry skin and dirt. These often affect the biometric system accuracy during authentication stage. In order to protect and improve the accuracy of patient Electronic medical Record (EMR) in health care infrastructure, this study introduced Modified Gabor Filter (MGF), a fast Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithm with Support Vector Machine (SVM) to address the issues of fingerprint and face image distortion respectively. From the experiment conducted from 1000 patients with 20 fingerprint and face image from each to give 50 test cases. The result shows that the proposed bimodal biometrics approach gives a lower False Rejection Rate (FRR) and False Acceptance Rate (FAR) and this shows better constructive accuracy of our system on patient EMR in health care infrastructure.
Are Visual Peripheries Forever Young?

The paper presents a concept of lifelong plasticity of peripheral vision. Central vision processing is accepted as critical and irreplaceable for normal perception in humans. While peripheral processing chiefly carries information about motion stimuli features and redirects foveal attention to new objects, it can also take over functions typical for central vision. Here I review the data showing the plasticity of peripheral vision found in functional, developmental, and comparative studies. Even though it is well established that afferent projections from central and peripheral retinal regions are not established simultaneously during early postnatal life, central vision is commonly used as a general model of development of the visual system. Based on clinical studies and visually deprived animal models, I describe how central and peripheral visual field representations separately rely on early visual experience. Peripheral visual processing (motion) is more affected by binocular visual deprivation than central visual processing (spatial resolution). In addition, our own experimental findings show the possible recruitment of coarse peripheral vision for fine spatial analysis. Accordingly, I hypothesize that the balance between central and peripheral visual processing, established in the course of development, is susceptible to plastic adaptations during the entire life span, with peripheral vision capable of taking over central processing.
Women of Influence, Women of Vision: A Cross-Generational Study of Leaders and Social Change

1. A New Perspective on Leadership. 2. In the Spirit of the Times: Three Generations of Women Leaders. 3. Becoming Leaders: Key Influences and Experiences. 4. The Common Thread: A Passion for Justice and Social Change. 5. Leadership for Change: Initiatives and Outcomes. 6. Key Skills and Strategies of Leaders. 7. Strains and Costs of Leadership. 8. Learning from the Past and Looking Toward the Future. 9. A Leadership Legacy, a Leadership Resource.