Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On predicting monitoring system effectiveness

While the objective of structural design is to achieve stability with an appropriate level of reliability, the design of systems for structural health monitoring is performed to identify a configuration that enables acquisition of data with an appropriate level of accuracy in order to understand the performance of a structure or its condition state. However, a rational standardized approach for monitoring system design is not fully available. Hence, when engineers design a monitoring system, their approach is often heuristic with performance evaluation based on experience, rather than on quantitative analysis. In this contribution, we propose a probabilistic model for the estimation of monitoring system effectiveness based on information available in prior condition, i.e. before acquiring empirical data. The presented model is developed considering the analogy between structural design and monitoring system design. We assume that the effectiveness can be evaluated based on the prediction of the posterior variance or covariance matrix of the state parameters, which we assume to be defined in a continuous space. Since the empirical measurements are not available in prior condition, the estimation of the posterior variance or covariance matrix is performed considering the measurements as a stochastic variable. Moreover, the model takes into account the effects of nuisance parameters, which are stochastic parameters that affect the observations but cannot be estimated using monitoring data. Finally, we present an application of the proposed model to a real structure. The results show how the model enables engineers to predict whether a sensor configuration satisfies the required performance.
Social media influencer popularity and authenticity perception in the travel industry

ABSTRACT Influencer marketing on social media plays an increasingly vital role in the overall marketing strategies for travel products. Previous research suggests that while traditional celebrities create value through exclusiveness, Social Media Influencers (SMIs) establish their value through authenticity and connectedness. However, exactly how they convey their authenticity is not well researched. Drawing on signalling theory, this study investigates the effect of SMI popularity (using the size of the following as a proxy) on consumers’ purchase intention as an outcome of authenticity perception, considering the moderating role of SMI’s perceived motive. A between-subjects design was employed, with participants (n = 236) randomly assigned to one of the two experimental conditions. Data were analysed using ANOVA and PROCESS Macro. Findings from our study suggest that consumers see micro SMI endorsers as more truthful, genuine, and authentic, which leads to greater intention to purchase the travel product. The effect of SMI popularity on authenticity perception is stronger for those who believe that SMIs are generally self-serving when they endorse products. This research has important ramifications for managers in the selection of SMI endorsers of their travel products. It also has implications for influencers who endorse products on social media.
Between Privacy and Utility: On Differential Privacy in Theory and Practice

Differential privacy (DP) aims to confer data processing systems with inherent privacy guarantees, offering strong protections for personal data. But DP’s approach to privacy carries with it certain assumptions about how mathematical abstractions will be translated into real-world systems, which—if left unexamined, and unrealized in practice—could function to shield data collectors from liability and criticism, rather than substantively protect data subjects from privacy harms. This paper investigates these assumptions and discusses their implications for using DP to govern data-driven systems. In Parts 1 and 2, we introduce DP as, on one hand, a mathematical framework and, on the other hand, a kind of real-world sociotechnical system, using a hypothetical case study to illustrate how the two can diverge. In Parts 3 and 4, we discuss the way DP frames privacy loss, data processing interventions, and data subject participation, arguing it could exacerbate existing problems in privacy regulation. In part 5, we conclude with a discussion of DP’s potential interactions with the endogeneity of privacy law, and we propose principles for best governing DP systems. In making such assumptions and their consequences explicit, we hope to help DP succeed at realizing its promise for better substantive privacy protections.
A multicriteria evolutionary algorithm for mechanical design optimization with expert rules

This paper addresses the problem of optimizing mechanical components during the first stage of the design process. While a previous study focused on parameterized designs with fixed configurations—which led to the development of the PAMUC (Preferences Applied to Multiobjectivity and Constraints) method, to tackle constraints and preferences in evolutionary algorithms (EAs)—, the models to be considered in this work are enriched by the presence of topological variables.
Models of space-averaged energetics of plates

The analysis of high-frequency vibrations of plates is of particular interest for many cases of structure-borne noise in aircraft. The current methods of analysis are either too expensive (finite element method) or may have a confidence band wider than desirable (statistical energy analysis). An alternative technique to model the spaceand time-averaged response of structural acoustics problems with enough detail to include all significant mechanisms of energy generation, transmission, and absorption is highly desirable. The focus of this paper is the development of a set of equations that govern the space- and time-averaged energy density in plates. To solve this equation, a boundary value problem must be considered in terms of energy density variables using energy and intensity boundary conditions. A verification study of the energy governing equation is performed. A finite element formulation of the new equations is also implemented and several tests cases are analyzed and compared to analytical solutions. cg D E e 6j F [F] h / [K] [P] q q(x, w 17 v p
A Fast Taboo Search Algorithm for the Job Shop Problem

A fast and easily implementable approximation algorithm for the problem of finding a minimum makespan in a job shop is presented. The algorithm is based on a taboo search technique with a specific neighborhood definition which employs a critical path and blocks of operations notions. Computational experiments up to 2,000 operations show that the algorithm not only finds shorter makespans than the best approximation approaches but also runs in shorter time. It solves the well-known 10 × 10 hard benchmark problem within 30 seconds on a personal computer.
Vibration Characteristics of Metamaterial Beams With Periodic Local Resonances

Vibration characteristics of metamaterial beams manufactured of assemblies of periodic cells with built-in local resonances are presented. Each cell consists of a base structure provided with cavities filled by a viscoelastic membrane that supports a small mass to form a source of local resonance. This class of metamaterial structures exhibits unique band gap behavior extending to very low-frequency ranges. A finite element model (FEM) is developed to predict the modal, frequency response, and band gap characteristics of different configurations of the metamaterial beams. The model is exercised to demonstrate the band gap and mechanical filtering capabilities of this class of metamaterial beams. The predictions of the FEM are validated experimentally when the beams are subjected to excitations ranging between 10 and 5000 Hz. It is observed that there is excellent agreement between the theoretical predictions and the experimental results for plain beams, beams with cavities, and beams with cavities provided with local resonant sources. The obtained results emphasize the potential of the metamaterial beams for providing significant vibration attenuation and exhibiting band gaps extending to low frequencies. Such characteristics indicate that metamaterial beams are more effective in attenuating and filtering low-frequency structural vibrations than plain periodic beams of similar size and weight.
The applications of the optical tweezer and atomic force microscope at the molecular level

The ability to study fundamental processes associated with cells and single molecules has changed considerably because of technological developments, especially the optical tweezer and atomic force microscope (AFM), in the fields of chemical and biological systems. This paper investigates the subject of the application of optical tweezers and AFM for the detection of single cells and single molecular layers by collecting data from previous experiments and analysing the data statistically and graphically. Based on the collection and statistics of several experimental data, it has been shown that by using laser beams to capture and manipulate microscopic particles, optical tweezers can be used for the analysis of cancer and sickle cell diseases, and can provide insight into the way DNA is formed and characterised. In addition, AFM has yielded important results in the study of polymer transport and chemical bonding. Both are important for gaining insight into the specific recognition of biological and chemical processes at the single-molecule level.
Memory decay enhances central bias in time perception

Temporal expectations are essential for appropriately interacting with the environment, but they can be biased. This tendency, called central bias, places higher weights on expected rather than actual duration distributions when perceiving incoming sensory stimuli. In particular, the central bias is strengthened in order to decrease total response error when incoming sensory stimuli are unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether the central bias was enhanced via memory decay. For this, we used a delayed reproduction task, manipulating retention periods by introducing delays between the sample interval and the reproduction phase (0.4, 2, 4 s in Experiment 1; 0.4, 2, 8 s in Experiments 2 and 3). Through three experiments, we found the gradual strengthening of the central bias as a function of the retention period (i.e., short-term memory decay). This suggests that the integration of temporal expectation, generated from past trials and stored sensory stimuli, in a current trial occurs in the reproduction phase in the delayed reproduction task.
Sex Differences in Fecal Microbiome Composition and Function of Dromedary Camels in Saudi Arabia

Simple Summary The gastrointestinal microbiome plays a significant role in diet digestion and the energy production of its host. This study investigated the influence of sex on the fecal microbiome of camels. Our findings revealed sex differences in the composition and function of fecal microbiomes. This research, to the best of our knowledge, is the first characterization of the fecal core bacteriomes of male and female dromedary camels. The variation in the intestinal microbial communities between male and female dromedary camels lies in the abundance and prevalence of taxa rather than in the presence and absence of bacterial taxa. Abstract The gastrointestinal microbiome plays a significant role in diet digestion and the energy production of its host. Several factors that affect the gastrointestinal microbiota composition were studied in camels. Yet, the impact of sex on the gastrointestinal bacteriome of camels remains unexplored to date. In this perspective, the fecal microbiome community composition from dromedary camels was determined in 10 male and 10 female samples using the 16S rRNA amplicon, in order to estimate if this was influenced by sex. The core microbiome in females contained 284 bacterial OTUs and one archaeal OUT, whereas in males, it contained 279 bacterial OTUs and one archaeal OTU. In females, Bacteroidetes and Spirochaetes were significantly more abundant than in male camels, whereas Lentisphaerae and Euryarchaeota were significantly abundant in males. According to Principal Coordinate Analysis and UPGMA clustering, grouping with respect to sex was observed. The functional prediction results showed differences such as energy production and conversion, and that the cell wall/membrane/envelope were enriched in female camels. The fecal microbiome of male camels was rich in amino acid, lipid transport and metabolism.
Numerical Study of the Growth of the Cholesteric Finger Pattern

The growth of the cholesteric finger pattern appearing in a large pitch cholesteric liquid crystal has been numerically investigated. The time evolution of director field is calculated from a motion of equation constructed from the Frank elastic free energy density. It is found that the director field in a finger obtained from the calculation is almost the same as the one from the model of cholesteric finger proposed by Lequeux et al. The characteristic feature of the growth of the finger pattern could be reproduced by the simulation.
Health Sector Reform: Issues and Opportunities

Health sector reform deals with fundamental change of processes in policies and institutional arrangements of the health sector, usually guided by the government. The experience of many countries clearly shows that the success of reforms depends on how the process is applied, and by whom, rather than how the contents are formulated. Sustained information and education on health sector reform is needed to generate wider political and public understanding as well as support. Continuous monitoring and review of health systems development is also required. Research to provide valid scientific evidence for strengthening the processes and mechanisms of health sector reform is also essential.
Measurement of liner impedance based on the determination of duct eigenvalues by a Fourier–Lommel’s transform

A new method of measuring the impedance of locally reacting material placed in an acoustic field distributed over higher‐order modes is presented. By a Fourier–Lommel’s transform of the acoustic pressure measured in a duct of a cylindrical cross section lined with this material, duct eigenvalues are determined. Impedance is then deduced from the boundary limit relationship taken at the liner face. Experiments have been conducted and show that this method is reliable in determining impedance if care is taken to localize precisely the radial position of the microphone. Also, among previous methods where impedance is deduced from nonlocal measurements, the technique presented has the advantage that it can be experimentally set up in a short‐lined duct and not be perturbed by edge effects at boundary cross sections located at the beginning and the end of the liner.
Magnetism of iron on tungsten (001) studied by spin-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy

The system of $\mathrm{Fe}$ on $\mathrm{W}(001)$ has been investigated using spin-integrated as well as spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. The electronic structure in the pseudomorphic growth regime and the beginning of strain relief has been studied and a pronounced layer dependence of the differential conductance has been observed. The spin-resolved measurements focus on the magnetic structure in the pseudomorphic regime. The domain structure is investigated with high spatial resolution and the fourfold anisotropy can directly be deduced from the maps of differential conductance. Quantitative analysis of the intensity of the signal reveals a layer dependent easy axis in the pseudomorphic regime. While the second and third monolayer are magnetized along $⟨110⟩$ directions of the surface the fourth monolayer has an easy axis along $⟨100⟩$. These high-symmetry directions and therefore also the layer-dependent easy axes enclose an angle of $45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$.
Supervised contrastive learning for gastrointestinal lesions classification in endoscopic images

Accurate gastrointestinal (GI) lesions classification from endoscopic images is crucial in patient diagnosis. The scarcity of annotated training data limits the full clinical impact of supervised deep learning (DL) in clinical settings, which is usually limited due to the scarcity of annotated training data. To alleviate this effect of small data size, we propose a GI lesions classification method based on supervised contrastive representative learning, which creates representations of the lesion from many unannotated endoscopic images. We used 12,147 endoscopic images drawn from private and public sources. Data augmentation techniques are implemented with the encoder network and projector. Supervised contrastive loss is utilized as a loss hypermeter, and the final classification task is performed in the last phase. Our method achieves better lesion classification accuracy (96.4%) than another related state of the methods (self-supervised=94.6%, and cross entropy=93.8%). Future work will improve the robustness of the proposed method's automatic classification accuracy to detect lesion severity levels and implement the proposed approach in multi-modal medical imaging.
On the Analysis of Mean Downward Velocities around the Antarctic Polar Vortex

Abstract The Lagrangian characteristics of vertical motions around the Antarctic polar vortex are investigated using a general circulation model (GCM) and various analysis methods. A trace analysis that estimated the vertical velocity from the vertical displacement of tracer isopleths confirmed that using zonal means at geographical latitudes gives a Lagrangian mean circulation around the Antarctic polar vortex similar to that computed using equivalent latitudes. In the mass-weighted isentropic zonal means, the mean vertical velocity dynamically estimated from the meridional velocity shows strong downward motion outside the Antarctic polar vortex around 45°–55°S in the lower stratosphere, which is consistent with the thermodynamically estimated values from the diabatic heating rate. In comparison, the transformed Eulerian mean analysis tends to overestimate the downward velocity outside the Antarctic polar vortex and underestimate it inside the Antarctic polar vortex. Trace analysis produces a good approx.
Assessment of Large-Scale Indices of Surface Temperature During the Historical Period in the CMIP6 Ensemble

We develop a statistical method to assess CMIP6 simulations of large-scale surface temperature change during the historical period (1850-2014), considering all timescales, allowing for the different unforced variability of each model and the observations, observational uncertainty, and applicable to ensembles of any size. The generality of this method, and the fact that it incorporates information about the unforced variability, makes it a useful model assessment tool. We apply this method to the historical simulations of the CMIP6 multi-model ensemble. We use three indices which measure different aspects of large-scale surface-air temperature change: global-mean, hemispheric gradient, and a recently-developed index that captures the sea-surface temperature (SST) pattern in the tropics (SST#; Fueglistaler and Silvers, 2021). We use the following observations: HadCRUT5 for the first two indices, and AMIPII and ERSSTv5 for SST#. In each case, we test the hypothesis that the model's forced response is compatible with the observations, accounting for unforced variability in both models and observations as well as measurement uncertainty. This hypothesis is accepted more often (75% of the models) for the hemispheric gradient than for the global mean, for which half of the models fail the test. The tropical SST pattern is poorly simulated in all models. Given that the tropical SST pattern can strongly modulate the relationship between energy imbalance and global-mean surface temperature anomalies on annual to decadal time scales (short-term feedback parameter), we suggest this should be a focus area for future improvements due to its potential implications for the global-mean temperature evolution in decadal time scales.
Nonlinear approximation for buoyancy-driven mixed convection heat and mass transfer flow over an inclined porous plate with Joule heating, nonlinear thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and thermophoresis effects

Abstract This study considered a classical magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) mixed convection heat and mass transfer flow over an inclined porous plate with thermophoresis, Joule heating, viscous dissipation, and nonlinear thermal radiation. The impact of nonlinear density variation with temperature and concentration (NDTC) in the buoyancy term is also taken into consideration. The mathematical model is first transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by similarity variables. The reduced ODEs are solved through the classical Runge–Kutta algorithm after utilizing the shooting technique. Some major findings of the analysis include; the heat transfer rate increases with the fluid injection but it decreases the rate of particle deposition and skin friction. Regarding the fluid suction, the heat transfer rate is observed to decrease as the fluid suction intensifies whereas increases the particle deposition and shear stress at the plate surface. As (a classical horizontal flat plate), the rate of heat transfer enhances but decreases the particle deposition rate and plate shear stress. With blowing/suction and in the presence of the magnetic parameter, the plate shear stress and heat transfer increase with nonlinear thermal radiation propagation whereas decreases the particle deposition. The species concentration near the porous plate, velocity, and temperature curves is enhanced by escalating the dissipation parameter. The radiative heat flux boosts the fluid temperature that consequently enhanced the velocity and the species concentration near the porous plate. The fluid velocity past the porous plate is higher in the case of a vertical plate ( ) compared to the classical flow over a horizontal porous plate ( ).
Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) phenotypic diversity characterization reveals the need for improved performance based on quantitative and qualitative characteristics

Kalang buffaloes (KBuf) are bred in swamplands, maintained in large cages, and originate from Kalimantan Island, Indonesia, hence, the local word “kalang”. KBuf and Thale Noi buffaloes (TBuf) are important biodiversity resources in Indonesia and Thailand which permeate areas of culture, religion, meat supply, and livelihood. This study aimed to observe phenotypic characteristics within breeds of KBuf and TBuf based on quantitative and qualitative performance to define diversity. A total of two hundred and forty buffaloes were observed from North (NK), East (EK), South Kalimantan (SK) provinces of Indonesia, and Phatthalung (PT) province of Thailand. The phenotypic characterization consisted of quantitative, qualitative, and morphometric index analyses. The phenotypic characterization showed that female TBuf demonstrated the highest value on the quantitative parameters which was significantly different (P<0.05) compared to KBuf. Among Kalimantan buffaloes, SK males had the highest value on the qualitative parameters which was significantly different (P<0.05) from EK and NK. According to the morphometric index, male buffaloes from SK and PT have shown close index values (P>0.05). Also, females from EK, SK, and PT had a close relationship (P>0.05) in the morphometric indices. Based on qualitative characters, buffaloes in this study exhibited high variation in body appearance, skin, coat, and foot colors, horn pattern, backline, chevron, and whorls in the head, back, and rump. It was concluded that KBuf and TBuf have high variability in phenotypic diversity, the distribution area affects the parameter values as potentially influenced by lineage factors and ability to adapt to the environmental and management conditions.