Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiplicative Models and Cohort Analysis

Abstract Three methods of cohort analysis are presented for a statistical model wherein the explanatory or exposure variables act multiplicatively on age × calendar year specific death rates. The first method, which assumes that the baseline rates are known from national vital statistics, is a multiple regression analysis of the standardized mortality ratio. The second method is a variant of Cox's proportional hazards analysis in which the baseline rates are treated as unknown nuisance parameters. The third method consists of case-control sampling from the risk sets formed in the course of applying Cox's model. It requires substantially less computation than do the other two. In illustrative analysis of respiratory cancer deaths among a cohort of smelter workers, all three approaches yield roughly equivalent estimates of the relative risk associated with arsenic exposure. The discussion centers on the tradeoff between efficiency and bias in the selection of a particular method of analysis, and on practica.
A Tank Model Application to Soyanggang Dam and Chungju Dam with Snow Accumulation and Snow Melt

Snow accumulation and snow melt was simulated and included in the computation of the watershed runoff for Soyanggang Dam and Chungju Dam. A modified Tank Model was used for the simulation, which has three serial tanks and a pulse response function. The model parameters were estimated through the global optimization method of Shuffled Complex Evolution-University of Arizona (SCE-UA). A watershed was divided into four zones of elevation. The temperature decrease of the zones was a rate of -0.6/100m. Almost all precipitation from December to February become accumulated as snow, and then the snow melts and runs off from March to April. The average runoff with snow melt was greater than the average runoff without snow melt during the period from March to April. The improved amount from snow melt simulation was about one fifth of the observed one for Soyanggang Dam. The increased amount for Chungju Dam was about one fourth of the observed average runoff during the same period. Although the watershed runoff was simulated including snow melt, it was less than the observed one for both of the dams.
The Use of Multimodality Imaging for the Diagnosis of Myocardial Outpouchings and Invaginations: A Systematic Review

Cardiac ventricular outpouchings and invaginations are rare structural abnormalities and usually incidental findings during cardiac imaging. A definitive diagnosis is possible through the use of multimodality imaging. A systematic review of the literature was carried out in November 2022 to identify studies regarding ventricular outpouchings and invaginations. The main aim of the review is to summarize knowledge regarding epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and prognosis of patients with ventricular outpouchings (aneurisms or diverticula) and invaginations (crypts and recesses). Overall, 26 studies published between 2000 and 2020 were included in the review. Diverticula and congenital aneurysms incidence ranges between 0.6 and 4.1%. Myocardial recesses and crypts range between 9% in the general population and up to 25% in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The combined use of echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography (CCT) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is useful to establish tissue contractility, fibrosis, extension and relationship with adjacent structures for differential diagnosis of both invaginations and outpouchings. In conclusion, both outpouchings and invaginations are rare entities: a definitive diagnosis may be aided by the use of combining multiple imaging techniques, and the treatment depends both on the lesion-specific risk of complications and on the potential association of some lesions with cardiomyopathy.
Applicability analysis of operating range model of airborne infrared detection system

There are many kinds of infrared detection system operating range evaluation models and their parameters are complex, which result in the lacking of evidence for model selection in practical application. To solve this problem, the adaptability of four common operating range models of infrared detection system are analyzed. Using theoretical and simulation analysis, the defects of traditional model, NETD based model and SNR based model in practical application are pointed out, and the model based on NEP is selected as the operating range evaluation model of airborne infrared detection system. Then an operating range evaluation system is developed to provide reference and evidence for model selection in practical application.
The H i emission and absorption spectra towards the double radio source 1830–211

The flat-spectrum 1-arcsec double radio source 1830−211 has anomalous spectral and structural properties that do not admit inclusion in any of the known subdivisions of conventional Galactic and extragalactic radio sources. The H I emission and absorption spectra due to Galactic neutral hydrogen towards the source have been observed. A comparison suggests that 1830−211 is extragalactic, consistent with the hypothesis that the source is an example of the gravitational lensing phenomenon. An unusual warm H I component with a spin temperature of about 1000 K has been detected towards the source
Deep Learning-Based Speech Emotion Recognition

Speech Emotion Recognition, as described in this study, uses Neural Networks to classify the emotions expressed in each speech (SER). It’s centered upon concept where voice tone and pitch frequently reflect underlying emotion. Speech Emotion Recognition aids in the classification of elicited emotions. The MLP-Classifier is a tool for classifying emotions in a circumstance. As wave signal, allowing for flexible learning rate selection. RAVDESS (Ryerson Audio-Visual Dataset Emotional Speech and Song Database data) will be used. To extract the characteristics from particular audio input, Contrast, MFCC, Mel Spectrograph Frequency, & Chroma are some of factors that may be employed. To facilitate extraction of features from audio script, dataset will be labelled using decimal encoding. Utilizing input audio sample, precision was found to be 80.28%. Additional testing confirmed this result.
Silver-Composited Polydopamine Nanoparticles: Antibacterial and Antioxidant Potential in Nanocomposite Hydrogels

(1) Background: Infections of pathogenic microorganisms can be life-threatening due to delayed healing or even worsening conditions in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The excessive presence of reactive oxygen species in damaged and infected tissues causes a negative inflammatory response, resulting in failed healing. Thus, the development of hydrogels with antibacterial and antioxidant abilities for the treatment of infectious tissues is in high demand. (2) Methods: We herein describe the development of green-synthesized silver-composited polydopamine nanoparticles (AgNPs), which are fabricated by the self-assembly of dopamine as a reducing and antioxidant agent in the presence of silver ions. (3) Results: The facile and green-synthesized AgNPs have a nanoscale diameter with mostly spherical shapes, with various shapes coexisting. The particles are stable in an aqueous solution for up to 4 weeks. In addition, remarkable antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and -negative bacterial strains and antioxidant capabilities were evaluated by in vitro assays. When incorporated into biomaterial hydrogels at concentrations above 2 mg L−1, the hydrogels produced powerful antibacterial effects. (4) Conclusions: This study describes a biocompatible hydrogel with antibacterial and antioxidant activities from the introduction of facile and green-synthesized AgNPs as a safer tool for the treatment of damaged tissues.
Lung Ultrasound Score in Neonates with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH-LUS): A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Introduction: The use of a lung ultrasound (LUS) score has been described in the early phases of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome; however, there is still no data regarding the application of the LUS score to neonates with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). The objective of this observational cross-sectional study was to explore, for the first time, the postnatal changes in LUS score patterns in neonates with CDH, with the creation of a new specific CDH-LUS score. Methods: We included all consecutive neonates with a prenatal diagnosis of CDH admitted to our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) from June 2022 to December 2022 who underwent lung ultrasonography. Lung ultrasonography (LUS) was determined at scheduled time points: (T0) during the first 24 h of life; (T1) at 24–48 h of life; (T2) within 12 h of surgical repair; (T3) a week after the surgical repair. We used a modified LUS score (CDH-LUS), starting from the original 0–3 score. We assigned 4 as a score in the presence of herniated viscera in the hemithorax (liver, small bowel, stomach, or heart in the case of a mediastinal shift) in the preoperative scans or pleural effusions in the postoperative scans. Results: We included in this observational cross-sectional study 13 infants: twelve/13 had a left-sided hernia (2 severe, 3 moderate, and 7 mild cases), while one patient had a right-sided severe hernia. The median CDH-LUS score was 22 (IQR 16–28) during the first 24 h of life (T0), 21 (IQR 15–22) at 24–48 h of life (T1), 14 (IQR 12–18) within 12 h of surgical repair (T2) and 4 (IQR 2–15) a week after the surgical repair (T3). The CDH-LUS significantly dropped over time from the first 24 h of life (T0) to a week after the surgical repair (T3), according to ANOVA for repeated measures. Conclusion: We showed a significant improvement in CDH-LUS scores from the immediate postoperative period, with normal ultrasonographic evaluations a week after surgery in most patients.
Lychee-like TiO2@Fe2O3 Core-Shell Nanostructures with Improved Lithium Storage Properties as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

In this study, lychee-like TiO2@Fe2O3 microspheres with a core-shell structure have been prepared by coating Fe2O3 on the surface of TiO2 mesoporous microspheres using the homogeneous precipitation method. The structural and micromorphological characterization of TiO2@Fe2O3 microspheres has been carried out using XRD, FE-SEM, and Raman, and the results show that hematite Fe2O3 particles (7.05% of the total mass) are uniformly coated on the surface of anatase TiO2 microspheres, and the specific surface area of this material is 14.72 m2 g−1. The electrochemical performance test results show that after 200 cycles at 0.2 C current density, the specific capacity of TiO2@Fe2O3 anode material increases by 219.3% compared with anatase TiO2, reaching 591.5 mAh g−1; after 500 cycles at 2 C current density, the discharge specific capacity of TiO2@Fe2O3 reaches 273.1 mAh g−1, and its discharge specific capacity, cycle stability, and multiplicity performance are superior to those of commercial graphite. In comparison with anatase TiO2 and hematite Fe2O3, TiO2@Fe2O3 has higher conductivity and lithium-ion diffusion rate, thereby enhancing its rate performance. The electron density of states (DOS) of TiO2@Fe2O3 shows its metallic nature by DFT calculations, revealing the essential reason for the high electronic conductivity of TiO2@Fe2O3. This study presents a novel strategy for identifying suitable anode materials for commercial lithium-ion batteries.
Instabilities in the doubly resonant parametric oscillator: A theoretical analysis

This paper is a theoretical examination of the frequency instabilities of the doubly resonant parametric oscillator. Such instabilities, caused by attempts to resonate simultaneously fields of two frequencies in unstabilized dispersive optical cavities, largely account for the poor performance of early parametric oscillators. The effects of reducing the Q of one of the resonant cavities of the doubly resonant oscillator are treated in detail. An analysis is given that predicts the frequency instabilities resulting from the presence of a slight feedback at the nonresonant mode in a nearly singly resonant oscillator. The analysis shows that the nonresonant mode feedback must be completely eliminated to prevent double-cavity oscillator-frequency instabilities.
U.S. Nonprofit Organizations Respond to the COVID-19 Crisis: The Influence of Communication, Crisis Experiences, Crisis Management, and Organizational Characteristics

Nonprofit organizations (NPOs) are significant contributors culturally, socially, and economically, but little research has focused on their management of organizational crises. Research has been quickly documenting impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on different sectors, but again less so for NPOs. This is significant because research and recommendations developed in one sector (such as for-profit corporations) may not translate to others (such as NPOs). NPOs are particularly vulnerable due to their dependence on public financial support and demands on their resource during crises. We report on a unique and unfortunate opportunity to assess response dynamics from a half year before (2019) and a half year after (2020) the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. We draw on a unique dataset (combining surveys at two points in time, Twitter use data, and financial information, from 578 NPOs) to develop a general model (grounded in the discourse of renewal theory) of five sources of influence (communication, organizational resources, crisis experience, crisis management, crisis impacts) on three types of strategic responses by nonprofits (retrenchment, persevering, and innovating) to COVID-19. Higher levels of communication, crisis experience, and crisis management all predicted greater tendencies for persevering and innovating in response to COVID-19. The implications for research and practice include extending crisis communication research to the nonprofit sector and demonstrating how NPOs can strengthen themselves to recover from COVID-19 or the next crisis.
Oxidized nitrogen and ozone interaction with forests. I: Experimental observations and analysis of exchange with Douglas fir

Measurements of NOx and O3 exchange to and from a forest canopy are described with reference to canopy and ecosystem processes leading to emission of NO2. The soil below the forested measurement location is shown to be a net source of reactive oxidized nitrogen (as NO). It is shown that a large fraction (around 58% on average) of the emitted NO escapes out of the trunk space to react within and above the canopy.
Contrastive Multi-Level Graph Neural Networks for Session-Based Recommendation

Session-based recommendation (SBR) aims to predict the next item at a certain time point based on anonymous user behavior sequences. Existing methods typically model session representation based on simple item transition information. However, since session-based data consists of limited users' short-term interactions, modeling session representation by capturing fixed item transition information from a single dimension suffers from data sparsity. In this paper, we propose a novel contrastive multi-level graph neural networks (CM-GNN) to better exploit complex and high-order item transition information. Specifically, CM-GNN applies local-level graph convolutional network (L-GCN) and global-level graph convolutional network (G-GCN) on the current session and all the sessions respectively, to effectively capture pairwise relations over all the sessions by aggregation strategy. Meanwhile, CM-GNN applies hyper-level graph convolutional network (H-GCN) to capture high-order information among all the item transitions. CM-GNN further introduces an attention-based fusion module to learn pairwise relation-based session representation by fusing the item representations generated by L-GCN and G-GCN. CM-GNN averages the item representations obtained by H-GCN to obtain high-order relation-based session representation. Moreover, to convert the high-order item transition information into the pairwise relation-based session representation, CM-GNN maximizes the mutual information between the representations derived from the fusion module and the average pool layer by contrastive learning paradigm. We conduct extensive experiments on several widely used benchmark datasets to validate the efficacy of the proposed method. The encouraging results demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art SBR techniques.
On the Proximity of a Probability to a Capacity Functional: Proximity Functions

This paper aims to quantify the proximity of the distribution of a random vector in ℝd to the distribution of a random set also in ℝd. The latter is characterized by a capacity functional, so we introduce the notion of proximity function induced by a capacity functional as a mapping from the space of the probabilities on the Borel σ-algebra on ℝd, which assigns to each probability its degree of proximity to the capacity functional. Two particular proximity functions are considered and their properties are thoroughly analyzed, placing particular emphasis on their asymptotic behavior. An example where proximity functions are used to rank probabilities with respect to a capacity functional is discussed.
Relationship Between Sociosexuality and Condom Use Frequency Among Young French College Students

Sociosexuality, conceptualized as individual differences in attitudes, behaviors, and desires for casual sex, is reflected in “hookup culture” where risky sexual behaviors should not be overlooked. The main objectives of this study were (a) to provide a first French adaptation of the SOI-R and to evaluate its psychometric properties, and (b) to examine the relationship between sociosexuality and condom use among young college students (N = 1037, mean age = 18.7 years, SD = 1 year). A path model hypothesizing links between dispositional optimism, boredom proneness, sexual orientation, age, gender (as correlated exogenous/independent variables), sociosexuality (as mediation variable), and condom use (as output variable), was specified and tested. Findings showed gender and sexual orientation differences in sociosexuality. As expected, males as well as non-heterosexual individuals endorsed more sociosexuality than the others. Optimism, but not boredom, predicted a higher level of sociosexuality. Sociosexuality positively predicted safer sex. Sociosexual orientation was not associated with condomless sex. It would seem that sexual freedom does not necessarily mean irresponsible sexual adventures for the young college students in our study.
Total Skin Treatment with Helical Arc Radiotherapy

For widespread cutaneous lymphoma, such as mycosis fungoides or leukemia cutis, in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and for chronic myeloproliferative diseases, total skin irradiation is an efficient treatment modality for disease control. Total skin irradiation aims to homogeneously irradiate the skin of the entire body. However, the natural geometric shape and skin folding of the human body pose challenges to treatment. This article introduces treatment techniques and the evolution of total skin irradiation. Articles on total skin irradiation by helical tomotherapy and the advantages of total skin irradiation by helical tomotherapy are reviewed. Differences among each treatment technique and treatment advantages are compared. Adverse treatment effects and clinical care during irradiation and possible dose regimens are mentioned for future prospects of total skin irradiation.
Twin variables and derminants in direct methods

In most algorithms of direct methods, the variables are the normalized structure factors (SF) E n. An alternative set of variables is proposed which provides more flexibility for handling, in a single algorithm, phase relationships and direct-space constraints, as well as the complete set of diffraction data. This set of variables ~n consists of SF associated with a complex periodic function ~O(r) such that p(r)= l iP(r)l 2. The pair of variables {E n, qtn}, called twin variables, play a crucial role in the subsequent theory. The phase relations are enhanced by using pairs of non-negative 'twin deter- minants' ' • {Dm, Din+ 1 }, D m is a classical Karle-Hauptman (K-H) determinant involving E and D~,+I is generated by bordering D m with an (m-+-1)th row and column containing ~P. The associated regression equation estab- lishes a relation between E and q/. Furthermore, a remarkable expression is obtained for the gradient of the phase given by the classical tangent formula, as well as for the gradients involved in the related formulae pertaining to the ~ set. The flexibility of the algorithm is illustrated by the ab initio transferring to the q; set of the a priori known information (such as the whole set of the observed moduli), before starting the sequential phase determination of the unknown phases. All constraints are included in a global minimization function. Analytical formulae are given for the gradient of this function with respect to the qJ set of variables. In the final result, the qJ set is simultaneously compatible in the least-squares sense with the whole set of observed SF and with various other constraints and phase relations. Application to two known structures permitted testing the different parts of the algorithm.
Growth efficiency of dust aggregates through collisions with high mass ratios

Context. Collisional growth of dust aggregates is an essential process in forming planetesimals in protoplanetary disks, but disruption through high-velocity collisions (disruption barrier) could prohibit the dust growth. Mass transfer through very different-sized collisions has been suggested as a way to circumvent the disruption barrier. Aims. We examine how the collisional growth efficiency of dust aggregates with different impact parameters depends on the size and the mass ratio of colliding aggregates. Methods. We used an N-body code to numerically simulate the collisions of different-sized aggregates. Results. Our results show that high values for the impact parameter are important and that the growth efficiency averaged over the impact parameter does not depend on the aggregate size, although the growth efficiency for nearly head-on collisions increases with size. We also find that the averaged growth efficiency tends to increase with increasing mass ratio of colliding aggregates. However, the critical collision velocity, above which the growth efficiency becomes negative, does not strongly depend on the mass ratio. These results indicate that icy dust can grow through high-velocity offset collisions at several tens of ms −1 , the maximum collision velocity
Spatial and Microphysical Characteristics of Low-Ceiling, Temperature-Inverted Clouds in Warm Overrunning and Freezing-Rain Conditions: A Case Study

AbstractIn-flight microphysical measurements in classical freezing-rain conditions were used to study the vertical and horizontal characteristics of the precipitation and associated low-ceiling, stratiform clouds, which are usually present as overcast in freezing-rain conditions. The low overcast is usually based in the surface cold layer but may extend up into the inversion, or transition layer, between the overrunning warm air and the surface cold layer. This gives the cloud an unusual temperature-inverted structure—supercooled in the lower half and warmer than freezing in the upper half. The low cloud is also subject to wind shear and turbulence that is due to the warm overrunning. The apparent effects of this are 1) increased cloud droplet concentrations in clusters up to a few hundred meters wide that occur sporadically in the cloud layer, 2) possible forcing of cloudy air upward from lower levels against the resistance of the temperature inversion and into the transition layer, and 3) highly variabl.