Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Minimal Test Case Generation for Effective Program Test using Control Structure Methods and Test Effectiveness Ratio

Software testing is the critical activity in any industrial–strength software development process. As the software grows in size, its complexity increases and testing becomes more difficult. Hence generating test cases manually produces more errors and affects overall system quality. In this paper, we have proposed a tool for automatic generation of test cases using the control structure methods. This tool aims to achieve 100% coverage of a given structural code by including statement coverage, decision coverage, and path coverage and branch coverage analysis. It also helps the developers and testers to measure the effectiveness of test case generated using a metric called „Test Effectiveness Ratio‟.
TIMP‐1 regulates cell proliferation by interacting with the ninth zinc finger domain of PLZF

The tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are multifunctional proteins that specifically inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and regulate extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover and tissue remodeling. This is directed by forming tightly bound inhibitory complexes with MMPs. Recent years have revealed important differences of various biological activities between TIMP families but molecular mechanisms are not clear. To define the molecular mechanisms of TIMP‐1‐dependent biological processes, we used TIMP‐1 as bait in a yeast two‐hybrid screen, along with a human ovary cDNA library. Further characterization revealed the ninth zinc finger domain as an interacting domain of the promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF). Interaction of PLZF with TIMP‐1 in mammalian cells was also confirmed by co‐immunoprecipitation and with in vitro binding assays. We investigated whether TIMP‐1‐mediated anti‐apoptotic activity could promote the growth of ovarian cancer in an experimental model system. TIMP‐1 treatment was found to be more effective at increasing ovarian cancer growth when compared with PLZF in parallel experiments. Subsequently, the efficacy of a combined treatment with TIMP‐1 and PLZF was investigated. In the presence of both of these proteins, TIMP‐1 significantly reduced apoptosis induced by PLZF in cervical carcinoma cells. These combined results indicate that TIMP‐1 functions as an anti‐activator of the transcriptional repressive activity of PLZF. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 57–67, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sistemas de Diálogo Basado en VoiceXML para Proporcionar Información de Viajes en Tren

En este articulo se presenta el resultado de nuestro trabajo actual en el proyecto DIHANA, consistente en implementar un sistema de dialogo basado en la tecnologia VoiceXML que permita a los usuarios acceder telefonicamente a informacion de viajes en tren (p. e. precios de billetes, horarios de salida y llegada, etc.). En el articulo se presentan las principales caracteristicas del sistema desarrollado, se describen las soluciones que aportamos en VoiceXML para hacer frente a los diversos problemas de implementacion del sistema, y se aporta nuestra experiencia personal al usar este lenguaje en lugar de otros lenguajes de proposito general para realizar la implementacion
The Genomic and Morphological Effects of Bisphenol A on Arabidopsis thaliana

The environmental toxin bisphenol A (BPA) is a known mammalian hormone disrupter but its effects on plants have not been well established. The effect of BPA on gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana was determined using microarray analysis and quantitative gene PCR. Many hormone responsive genes showed changes in expression after BPA treatment. BPA disrupted flowering by a mechanism that may involve disruption of auxin signaling. The results presented here indicate that BPA is a plant hormone disrupter.
Quasi-analytical spectrum of PWM signals with dead-time for multiple sinusoidal input

The analytical spectrum of pulse width modulated (PWM) signals with dead-time is derived in this paper. Previous results were based on the double Fourier series expansion and therefore they are only valid for a single tone modulating signal. In this work analytical expressions for finite bandwidth input signals are presented. Some simplifying assumptions are considered to derive manageable expressions; however, extensions to more general cases are straightforward. Theoretical results are compared with computer simulations.
The Bosonic ancestor of closed and open fermionic strings

We review the emergence of the ten-dimensional fermionic closed string theories from subspaces of the Hilbert space of the 26-dimensional bosonic closed string theory compactified on an $E_8\times SO(16)$ lattice. They arise from a consistent truncation procedure which generates space-time fermions out of bosons. This procedure is extended to open string sectors. We prove, from bosonic considerations alone, that truncation of the unique tadpole-free $SO(2^{13})$ bosonic string theory compactified on the above lattice determines the anomaly free Chan-Paton group of the Type I theory. It also yields the Chan-Paton groups making Type O theories tadpole-free. These results establish a link between all M-theory strings and the bosonic string within the framework of conformal field theory. Its significance is discussed.
Choline's role in maintaining liver function: new evidence for epigenetic mechanisms

Purpose of review Humans eating diets low in choline develop fatty liver and liver damage. Rodents fed choline–methionine-deficient diets not only develop fatty liver, but also progress to develop fibrosis and hepatocarcinoma. This review focuses on the role of choline in liver function, with special emphasis on the epigenetic mechanisms of action. Recent findings Dietary intake of methyl donors like choline influences the methylation of DNA and histones, thereby altering the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. The liver is the major organ within which methylation reactions occur, and many of the hepatic genes involved in pathways for the development of fatty liver, hepatic fibrosis, and hepatocarcinomas are epigenetically regulated. Summary Dietary intake of choline varies over a three-fold range and many humans have genetic polymorphisms that increase their demand for choline. Choline is an important methyl donor needed for the generation of S-adenosylmethionine. Dietary choline intake is an important modifier of epigenetic marks on DNA and histones, and thereby modulates the gene expression in many of the pathways involved in liver function and dysfunction.
Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution: Research and Practice an Improved Method of Selecting Regression Tests for C++ Programs

SUMMARY This paper describes an impact analysis technique that identifies which parts should be retested after a system written in C++ is modified. We are interested in identifying the impacts of changes at the class member level by using dependency relations between class members. We try to find out which member functions need unit-level retesting and which interactions between them need integration-level retesting. To get precise analysis results, we adopt a technique that classifies types of changes and analyze the impact for each type. Primitive changes, changes which are associated with C++ features, are first defined and their ripple effects are computed in order to construct a firewall for each type of change systematically. We have applied our prototype tool to a real system with small size. This case study shows some evidence that our approach gives reasonable efficiency and precision as well as being practical for analyzing change impacts of C++ programs.
Multi-frame GMM-based block quantisation of line spectral frequencies for wideband speech coding

We explore the use of the multi-frame GMM-based block quantiser for quantising line spectral frequencies for wideband speech coding. Its main advantages over vector quantisers are bitrate scalability and bitrate independent complexity. By concatenating multiple frames together, interframe correlation can be exploited by the KLT (Karhunen-Loeve transform), leading to better quantisation. A saving of up to 3 bits/frame can be achieved by switching the quantiser from memoryless mode to jointly quantising two frames, with only a moderate increase in complexity. This quantisation scheme achieves lower spectral distortion than the split-multistage vector quantiser in the AMR-WB speech codec, with transparent coding at 37 bits/frame.
Robust circuit and system design methodologies for nanometer-scale devices and single-electron transistors

In this paper, various circuit and system level design challenges for nanometer-scale devices and single-electron transistors are discussed, with an emphasis to the functional robustness and fault tolerance point of view. A set of general guidelines is identified for the design of very high-density digital systems using inherently unreliable and error-prone devices. The fundamental principles of a highly regular, redundant, and scalable design approach based on fixed-weight neural networks and multiple-valued logic are presented. It is demonstrated that the proposed design technique offers significantly improved immunity to permanent and transient faults occurring at the transistor level, and that it results in graceful degradation of circuit performance in response to device failures.
Adenosine inhibits a non‐inactivating K+ current in bovine adrenal cortical cells by activation of multiple P1 receptors

1 Bovine adrenal zona fasciculata (AZF) cells express a non‐inactivating K+ current (IAC) that sets the resting potential while it is activated by intracellular ATP. In whole‐cell patch clamp recordings from bovine AZF cells, we found that adenosine selectively inhibited IAC by a maximum of 78·4 ± 4·6% (n= 8) with an IC50 of 71 nM. The non‐selective adenosine receptor agonist NECA effectively inhibited IAC by 79·3 ± 2·9% (n= 24) at a concentration of 100 nM. 2 Inhibition of IAC was mediated through multiple P1 adenosine receptor subtypes. The A1‐selective agonist CCPA (10 nM), the A2A‐selective agonist CGS 21680 (100 nM) and the A3‐selective agonist IB‐MECA (10 nM) inhibited IAC by 64·8 ± 8·4, 78·4 ± 4·6 and 69·3 ± 6·9%, respectively. 3 Specific adenosine receptor subtype antagonists including DPCPX (A1), ZM 241385 (A2A) and MRS 1191 (A3) effectively blocked inhibition of IAC by adenosine receptor‐selective agonists. 4 A mixture of the three adenosine receptor antagonists completely suppressed inhibition of IAC by adenosine, but failed to alter inhibition by external ATP which acts through a separate P2 nucleotide receptor. 5 Inhibition of IAC by adenosine or NECA was eliminated by substituting GDP‐β‐S for GTP in the pipette, or by replacing ATP with AMP‐PNP or UTP. 6 In addition to inhibiting IAC, adenosine (10 μM) depolarized AZF cells by 46·2 ± 5·8 mV (n= 6). 7 These results show that bovine AZF cells express at least three adenosine receptor subtypes (A1, A2A, A3), each of which is coupled to the inhibition of IAC K+ channels through a G‐protein‐dependent mechanism requiring ATP hydrolysis. Adenosine‐mediated inhibition of IAC is associated with membrane depolarization. Adenosine and other purines may co‐ordinate the stress‐induced secretion of corticosteroids and catecholamines from the adrenal gland.
THE STICKY HDP-HMM : BAYESIAN NONPARAMETRIC HIDDEN MARKOV MODELS WITH PERSISTENT

We consider the problem of speaker diarization , the problem of segmenting an audio recording of a meeting into temporal segments co rresponding to individual speakers. The problem is rendered particularly difficult by the fact that we are not allowed to assume knowledge of the number of pe ople participating in the meeting. To address this problem, we take a Bay esi n nonparametric approach to speaker diarization that builds on the hi erarchical Dirichlet process hidden Markov model (HDP-HMM) of Teh et al.(2006). Although the basic HDP-HMM tends to over-segment the audio data—crea ting redundant states and rapidly switching among them—we describe an augmented HDP-HMM that provides effective control over the switching rate. We also show that this augmentation makes it possible to treat emiss ion distributions nonparametrically. To scale the resulting architecture to realistic diarization problems, we develop a sampling algorithm that employs a tru ncated approximation of the Dirichlet process to jointly resample the ful l state sequence, greatly improving mixing rates. Working with a benchmark NI ST data set, we show that our Bayesian nonparametric architecture yield s state-of-the-art speaker diarization results. MIT LABORATORY FOR INFORMATION & DECISION SYSTEMS TECHNICAL REPORT P-2777
Routing protocol design based on location in incompletely connected ad-hoc networks

The traditional routing protocols fail to work in incompletely connected ad-hoc networks and a mobile node may fail to be controlled because the link breaks off in such network. This paper proposes a proactive relay routing mechanism. A node that has packets to send depends on one or more intermediate nodes to relay packets to destination node; source node can maintain communication link between it and destination node through relay nodes. Simulation results show that relay routing mechanism realizes data transmission and increases the data delivery rate of the incompletely connected ad-hoc networks.
Angiogenic Gene Therapy for Experimental Critical Limb Ischemia: Acceleration of Limb Loss by Overexpression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor 165 but not of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2

Recent studies suggest the possible therapeutic effect of intramuscular vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene transfer in individuals with critical limb ischemia. Little information, however, is available regarding (1) the required expression level of VEGF for therapeutic effect, (2) the related expression of endogenous angiogenic factors, including fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and (3) the related adverse effects due to overexpression of VEGF. To address these issues, we tested effects of overexpression of VEGF165 using recombinant Sendai virus (SeV), as directly compared with FGF-2 gene transfer. Intramuscular injection of SeV strongly boosted FGF-2, resulting in significant therapeutic effects for limb salvage with increased blood perfusion associated with enhanced endogenous VEGF expression in murine models of critical limb ischemia. In contrast, VEGF165 overexpression, 5-times higher than that of baseline on day 1, also strongly evoked endogenous VEGF in muscles, resulting in an accelerated limb amputation without recovery of blood perfusion. Interestingly, viable skeletal muscles of either VEGF165- or FGF-2–treated ischemic limbs showed similar platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1–positive vessel densities. Maturation of newly formed vessels suggested by smooth muscle cell actin–positive cell lining, however, was significantly disturbed in muscles with VEGF. Further, therapeutic effects of FGF-2 were completely diminished by anti-VEGF neutralizing antibody in vivo, thus indicating that endogenous VEGF does contribute to the effect of FGF-2. These results suggest that VEGF is necessary, but should be delicately regulated to lower expression to treat ischemic limb. The therapeutic effect of FGF-2, associated with the harmonized angiogenic effects seen with endogenous VEGF, provides important insights into therapeutic angiogenesis.
Estimation of an Equilibrium Model with Externalities : Combining the Strengths of Structural Models and Quasi-Experiments ∗

We study the optimal design of subsidies in an equilibrium setting, where the decisions of individual recipients impose externalities on one another. We apply the model to the case of post-Katrina rebuilding in New Orleans under the Louisiana Road Home rebuilding grant program (RH). We estimate the structural model via indirect inference, exploiting a discontinuity in the formula for determining the size of grants, which helps isolate the causal effect of neighbors’ rebuilding on one’s own rebuilding choices. We find that the additional rebuilding induced by RH generated positive externalities equivalent to $4,950 to each inframarginal household whose rebuilding choice was not affected by the program. Counterfactual policy experiments find that optimal subsidy policies bias grant offers against relocation, with an inverse-U-shaped relationship between the degree of bias and the severity of damages from the disaster. ∗We thank Zach Flynn and Chenyan Lu for excellent research assistance. We thank Steven Durlauf, John Kennan, Chris Taber, and Jim Walker for insightful discussions. We have also benefited from helpful comments and suggestions by seminar participants at Berkeley, the Cleveland Fed, Depaul, Duke, Iowa, Michigan, Penn, Rochester, Stanford-GSB, UCLA, UIC, UW-Milwaukee, and Wash U. All errors are ours.
WLM-1: An old, Nonrotating, Gravitationally Unperturbed, Highly Elliptical Extragalactic Globular Cluster

Globular clusters have long been known for presenting (at times) significant deviations from spherical symmetry. While rotation has been the main proposed explanation, other complicating factors such as their constant interaction with the strong gravitational potential of their host galaxy have made it difficult for a consensus to be reached. To address this question we have obtained high-resolution spectra of WLM-1, the lone, old globular cluster associated with the isolated, low-mass dwarf irregular galaxy WLM. Using archival HST WFPC2 data, we measure the radial ellipticity profile of WLM-1, finding it to be highly elliptical, with a mean value of 0.17 in the region 0. ″5-5″, which is comparable to what is found in our Galaxy for the most elliptical globular clusters. There is no evidence of isophote twisting, except for the innermost regions of the cluster (r < 0.″5). To investigate whether the observed flattening can be ascribed to rotation, we have obtained long-slit high-resolution Very Large Telescope UVES spectra of this cluster along and perpendicular to the axis of flattening. Using cross-correlation we find that the velocity profile of the cluster is consistent with zero rotation along either axis. Thus, neither cluster rotation nor galactic tides can be responsible for the flattened morphology of WLM-1. We argue that the required velocity dispersion anisotropy between the semimajor and semiminor axes that would be required to account for the observed flattening is relatively small, of order 1 km s-1. Even though our errors preclude us from conclusively establishing that such a difference indeed exists, velocity anisotropy remains at present the most plausible explanation for the shape of this cluster.
BCR-ABL transcript with an e19a2 (c3a2) junction in classical chronic myeloid leukemia.

To the Editor: In a recent issue of Blood, Pane et al[1][1] reported three cases of neutrophilic-chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-N) that exhibited a t(9; 22) chromosomal translocation. In all cases, a rare type of BCR-ABL rearrangement with a breakpoint between exons e19 (c3) and e20 (c4) of the BCR
Pair production in inhomogeneous fields

We employ the recently developed worldline numerics, which combines string-inspired field theory methods with Monte Carlo techniques, to develop an algorithm for the computation of pair-production rates in scalar QED for inhomogeneous background fields. We test the algorithm with the classic Sauter potential, for which we compute the local production rate for the first time. Furthermore, we study the production rate for a superposition of a constant E field and a spatially oscillating field for various oscillation frequencies. Our results reveal that the approximation by a local derivative expansion already fails for frequencies small compared to the electron-mass scale, whereas for strongly oscillating fields a derivative expansion for the averaged field represents an acceptable approximation. The worldline picture makes the nonlocal nature of pair production transparent and facilitates a profound understanding of this important quantum phenomenon.
A 20-m/40-Gb/s 1550-nm DFB LD-Based FSO Link

An innovative free-space optical (FSO) link using laser light propagation to achieve transmission rate of 40 Gb/s at a wavelength of 1550 nm is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Over a 20-m free-space link, brilliant bit-error-rate performance and clear eye diagram are obtained in the proposed 1550-nm distributed feedback (DFB) laser diode (LD)-based FSO links. As far as we know, it is the first time that a 1550-nm externally modulated laser transmitter cascaded with an erbium-doped fiber amplifier and a pair of fiber collimators to successfully set up a 20-m/40-Gb/s FSO link has been employed. Compared with the 680-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser-based FSO link, this proposed 1550-nm DFB LD-based FSO link is attractive not only because it has longer free-space transmission distance but because it supplies higher bandwidth operation as well. Such a 1550-nm DFB LD-based FSO link provides the benefits of optical wireless communications for longer transmission distance and higher transmission rate, which is thoroughly helpful for optical wireless network applications.
General fuzzy min-max neural network for clustering and classification

This paper describes a general fuzzy min-max (GFMM) neural network which is a generalization and extension of the fuzzy min-max clustering and classification algorithms developed by Simpson. The GFMM method combines the supervised and unsupervised learning within a single training algorithm. The fusion of clustering and classification resulted in an algorithm that can be used as pure clustering, pure classification, or hybrid clustering classification. This hybrid system exhibits an interesting property of finding decision boundaries between classes while clustering patterns that cannot be said to belong to any of existing classes. Similarly to the original algorithms, the hyperbox fuzzy sets are used as a representation of clusters and classes. Learning is usually completed in a few passes through the data and consists of placing and adjusting the hyperboxes in the pattern space which is referred to as an expansion-contraction process. The classification results can be crisp or fuzzy. New data can be included without the need for retraining. While retaining all the interesting features of the original algorithms, a number of modifications to their definition have been made in order to accommodate fuzzy input patterns in the form of lower and upper bounds, combine the supervised and unsupervised learning, and improve the effectiveness of operations. A detailed account of the GFMM neural network, its comparison with the Simpson's fuzzy min-max neural networks, a set of examples, and an application to the leakage detection and identification in water distribution systems are given.
A control strategy of microgrid inverter based on feeder power-flow optimization

For the operation of autonomous microgrids, it is a major task to share the load demand economically. This paper proposes an economic operation method of microgrid for feeder power-flow optimization, taking into consideration the generation costs of the micro-sources and power loss in the transmission line. A detailed analysis of the cost-based nonlinear droop control scheme of micro-source inverter is performed, which reduces the generation costs of the micro-sources. And on this basis, Feeder Flow Control (FFC) strategy which combined with nonlinear droop control is proposed to reduce the transmission loss in the microgrid at the same time. Through the configuration of weighting factors which is set in this paper, the feeder loss and generation costs of micro-sources can be reduced simultaneously, thus realizing the optimal feeder power flow in the microgrid. The power sharing arrived in the steady state will meet the intended objectives, as demonstrated in the simulation.