Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review on Node Deployment of Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is nowadays being applied in many different civilian applications like vehicle tracking, habitat monitoring, forest surveillance, earthquake observation, biomedical or health care applications and building surveillance. To a large extent the effectiveness of the wireless sensor networks depends on the coverage provided by the sensor deployment scheme. There are different deployment demands and optimization goals in different environment. In this paper, firstly the existing deployment method of sensor network nodes is summarized and discussed. Then three performance evaluation indexes are analyzed in detail. At last, the main deployment model of sensor network nodes is presented.
A novel approach to select important genes from microarray data

Feature subset selection is a well-known pattern recognition problem, which aims to reduce the number of features used in classification or recognition. This reduction is expected to improve the performance of classification algorithms in terms of speed, accuracy and simplicity. Most existing feature selection investigations are not suitable for microarray data, so this paper focuses on gene selection problem. The main contributions of this paper are that a new feature selection method A-score is introduced and constructed an improved fuzzy Bayesian classifier. We evaluate the performance of A-score using three well-known benchmark data sets: the iris data, the wine data, and the Wisconsin breast cancer data and two microarray data: ALL-AML Leukemia and colon cancer. In general, A-score can significantly reduce the number of genes, and perform better than T-score and C-score.
ATP Levels and their Effects on Plasmalemma Influxes of Potassium Chloride in Red Beet.

Tissue ATP concentrations in slices of red beet increase progressively with time for up to 7 days after cutting the root. ATP levels are higher in slices taken from stored roots than in slices from fresh roots. ATP is reduced during incubation in salt solutions.Plasmalemma influxes were measured by 6 minutes incubation with (42)K and/or (36)C1 under conditions in which cation and anion influxes are independent. Both fluxes showed an approximately linear correlation with ATP level when the latter was varied by addition of CN(-), carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, or oligomycin, except for Cl influx with oligomycin, where oligomycin had a greater effect on Cl influx than could be accounted for by the reduction in ATP alone.These results support the view that K(+) and Cl(-) influxes are both energized directly or indirectly by ATP, and in addition that the Cl pump may be directly inhibited by oligomycin.
Using Single‐Gene Deletions to Identify Checkpoints in the Progression of Systemic Autoimmunity

Abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multigenic disorder of unknown etiology. To investigate the roles that specific genes play in lupus, we have examined the disease profiles in mice with single‐gene deletions. In total, some 17 genes have been studied. Absence of certain genes, such as CD40L, CD28, or Igh6, abrogated induction of autoimmunity. Other genes, such as Igh5, IL‐4, or ICAM‐1, had little effect on the development of disease. Intermediate effects were observed in IL‐6‐deficient mice, while absence of β2‐microglobulin resulted in loss of hypergammaglobulinemia and IgG1 autoantibodies, but produced little change in anti‐chromatin antibodies or glomerular deposits. The most interesting observations were obtained with genes related to the expression or function of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ). Reductions in IFN‐γ levels in murine lupus are associated with reductions in both autoantibody levels and immune‐complex‐ mediated pathology. Genes involved in up‐regulation of IFN‐γ expression, such as IL‐12, STAT‐4, or ICE, did not significantly influence autoimmunity, whereas absence of IFN‐γ or IFN‐γ receptor led to greatly reduced autoantibody response and immunopathology. Absence of IRF‐1, a gene ex‐pressed in response to IFN‐γ, resulted in selective retention of anti‐chromatin antibodies but little glomerular pathology. These studies suggest that the presence of a baseline level of IFN‐γ, rather than increased expression, is important for autoimmunity. Furthermore, as the IRF‐1 knockout demonstrates, specific defects in signaling pathways and gene expression subsequent to IFN‐γ/IFN‐γ receptor interaction may influence only certain disease parameters. It has not escaped our attention that IFN‐γ influences the expression and function of other immunologically relevant genes, such as IL‐4, IL‐6, and β2‐microglobulin. Thus, these genes may be part of the downstream events following IFN‐γ/IFN‐γ receptor interaction that promote the development of autoimmunity.
Bladder management methods and urological complications in spinal cord injury patients

Background: The optimal bladder management method should preserve renal function and minimize the risk of urinary tract complications. The present study is conducted to assess the overall incidence of urinary tract infections (UTI) and other urological complications in spinal cord injury patients (SCI), and to compare the incidence of these complications with different bladder management subgroups. Materials and Methods: 545 patients (386 males and 159 females) of traumatic spinal cord injury with the mean age of 35.4±16.2 years (range, 18–73 years) were included in the study. The data regarding demography, bladder type, method of bladder management, and urological complications, were recorded. Bladder management methods included indwelling catheterization in 224 cases, clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) in 180 cases, condom drainage in 45 cases, suprapubic cystostomy in 24 cases, refex voiding in 32 cases, and normal voiding in 40 cases. We assessed the incidence of UTI and bacteriuria as the number of episodes per hundred person-days, and other urological complications as percentages. Results: The overall incidence of bacteriuria was 1.70 / hundred person-days. The overall incidenceof urinary tract infection was 0.64 / hundered person-days. The incidence of UTI per 100 person-days was 2.68 for indwelling catheterization, 0.34 for CIC, 0.34 for condom drainage, 0.56 for suprapubic cystostomy, 0.34 for reflex voiding, and 0.32 for normal voiding. Other urological complications recorded were urethral stricture (n=66, 12.1%), urethritis (n=78, 14.3%), periurethral abscess (n=45, 8.2%), epididymorchitis (n=44, 8.07%), urethral false passage (n=22, 4.03%), urethral fistula (n=11, 2%), lithiasis (n=23, 4.2%), hematuria (n=44, 8.07%), stress incontinence (n=60, 11%), and pyelonephritis (n=6, 1.1%). Clean intermittent catheterization was associated with lower incidence of urological complications, in comparison to indwelling catheterization. Conclusions: Urinary tract complications largely appeared to be confined to the lower urinary tract. The incidence of UTI and other urological complications is lower in patients on CIC in comparison to the patients on indwelling catheterizations. Encouraging CIC; early recognition and treatment of the UTI and urological complications; and a regular follow up is necessary to reduce the medical morbidity.
Drama and personality in user interface design

The title of this panel immediately leaps out as being out of place. Of all the things that come to mind when one thinks of computers and user interfaces, drama and personality are among the last. The point here is not to make using computers more dramatic, per se, but to learn and borrow from the performing arts about techniques that could improve main stream interface design. The contributions described in this panel are borrowed from the theatrical world, film producing and music. In all the panelists work, the user is at the very center of creating the actual user interface experience, either through direct user participation or via engaging the individual viewer's personality. The panelists' pioneering research has produced and created several examples of new user interface experiences and designs. The discussion will focus on what techniques offer the most promise for facilitating the design of really new experiential user interfaces.
Huntington's disease phenocopies are clinically and genetically heterogeneous

Huntington's disease (HD) classically presents with movement disorder, cognitive dysfunction and behavioral problems but is phenotypically variable. One percent of patients with HD‐like symptoms lack the causative mutation and are considered HD phenocopies. Genetic diseases known to cause HD phenocopies include HD‐like syndromes HDL1, HDL2, and HDL4 (SCA17). HD has phenotypic overlap with dentatorubral‐pallidoluysian atrophy, the spinocerebellar ataxias and neuroferritinopathy. Identifying the genetic basis of HD phenocopies is important for diagnosis and may inform the search for HD genetic modifiers. We sought to identify neurogenetic diagnoses in the largest reported cohort of HD phenocopy patients. Two hundred eighty‐five patients with syndromes consistent with HD, who were HD expansion‐negative, were screened for mutations in PRNP, JPH3, TBP, DRPLA, SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, FTL and FRDA. Genetic diagnoses were made in 8 subjects: we identified 5 cases of HDL4, 1 of HDL1 and 1 of HDL2. One patient had Friedreich's ataxia. There were no cases of DRPLA, SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, or neuroferritinopathy. HD phenocopies are clinically and genetically diverse and a definitive genetic diagnosis is currently possible in only a minority of cases. When undertaken, it should be clinically directed and patients and clinicians should be prepared for the low probability of reaching a genetic diagnosis in this group of patients. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Limiting Data Exposure in Multi-Label Classification Processes

Administrative services such social care, tax reduction, and many others using complex decision processes, request individuals to provide large amounts of private data items, in order to calibrate their proposal to the specific situation of the applicant. This data is subsequently processed and stored by the organization. However, all the requested information is not needed to reach the same decision. We have recently proposed an approach, termed Minimum Exposure, to reduce the quantity of information provided by the users, in order to protect her privacy, reduce processing costs for the organization, and financial lost in the case of a data breach. In this paper, we address the case of decision making processes based on sets of classifiers, typically multi-label classifiers. We propose a practical implementation using state of the art multi-label classifiers, and analyze the effectiveness of our solution on several real multi-label data sets.
NONDESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION OF AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS VIA ACOUSTIC EMISSION

This presentation limits itself to acoustic emission results obtained on typical aircraft structural materials such as aluminum, titanium, and steel and a new material, metal-honeycomb. Briefly, the effect of temperature, welds, fatigue cycles, and other parameters on acoustic emission data are illustrated. A damage concept in which fracture mechanics technology is merged with acoustic emission technology is presented. The application of acoustic emission systems to a full scale aircraft during structural testing is also described.
Kink effect for 28 nm n-channel field-effect transistors after decoupled plasma nitridation treatment with annealing temperatures

The kink effect of drain leakage based on gated diode measurement metrology for the tested nMOSFETs with 28 nm HK/MG, gate–last and PDA or DPN nitridation processes was observed at VG around −0.6 V when the gate voltage was swept from −Vcc to 0.2 volt as VD = 0.1 V. Nevertheless, this interesting phenomenon was not evident as the gate voltage was reversely swept from 0.2 volt to -Vcc. The chief mechanism in speculation can be illustrated by the electrons coming from drain inducing capture–and–emission behaviour by the channel interface traps near the drain junction. While VG changes from −Vcc towards +0.2 V, interface states near valence band become lower than Fermi–level of silicon substrate. Electrons flow from drain to fill these interface states so that drive current (ID) increases. On the contrary, as VG changes from +0.2 V to −Vcc, the trapped electrons are recombined with holes from substrate so that ID is not affected. This kink effect for all of tested devices is not very distinct far and near. When the Poole–Frenkel (P–F) tunnelling electrons coming from gate to drain are evident in leakage, especially at the long–channel device, this effect will be probably counteracted, exhibited at the electrical characteristics of PDA group.
An Improved Upper Bound for TSP in Cubic 3-Connected Graphs

We consider the classical minimum Travelling Salesman Problem on the class of 3-edge-connected cubic graphs. More specifically we consider their (shortest path) metric completions. The well-known conjecture states that the subtour elimination LP relaxation on the min TSP yields a 4/3 approximation factor, yet the best known approximation factor is 3/2. The 3-edge-connected cubic graphs are interesting because of their connection of the optimal solution to the subtour elimination LP relaxation. One main result is an approximation algorithm for the minimum TSP on this class of graphs with an approximation factor better than the general 3/2.
A Mechanism for the Electrocardiogram Response to Left Ventricul Hypertrophy and Acute Ischemia

A proposed mechanism for explaining the electrocardiographs response in left ventricular hypertrophy and in subendocardial and epicardial acute ischemia was incorporated in a mathematical model of electrical heart activity. The model of hypertrophy was simply an increase in cell size, and the principal effect on the computer-generated 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) was an increase in R-wave amplitude and ventricular activation time and a flattening or polarity reversal of the T wave. The model of acute ischemia was a reduction between plateau and resting potential of the transmembrane action potential. The principal effect on the computer-generated 12-lead ECGs was an S-T segment displacement up or down depending on the location of the lesion. This shift was linearly proportional to the severity of the ischemia, i.e., the reduction in electrical activity of the ischemic cell, and for a lesion of given severity the S-T segment shift was a measure of the area, not the volume, of ischemic tissue. Therefore, this model suggests that a direct correlation does not necessarily exist between volume-measuring tests such as serum enzyme values in the case of necrosis and S-T segment shifts.
Haphazard neural connections underlie the visual deficits of cats with strabismic or deprivation amblyopia

Identification of the neural basis of the visual deficits experienced by humans with amblyopia, particularly when associated with strabismus (strabismic amblyopia), has proved to be difficult in part because of the inability to observe directly the neural changes at various levels of the human visual pathway. Much of our knowledge has necessarily been obtained on the basis of sophisticated psychophysical studies as well as from electrophysiological explorations on the visual pathways in animal models of amblyopia. This study combines these two approaches to the problem by employing similar psychophysical probes of performance on animal models of two forms of amblyopia (deprivation and strabismic) to those employed earlier on human amblyopes ( Hess & Field, 1994 , Vis. Res., 34, 13397–13406). The tests explore two competing explanations for the visual deficits, namely an evenly distributed loss of neural connections (undersampling) with the amblyopic eye as opposed to disordered connections with this eye (neural disarray). Unexpectedly, the results in animal models of deprivation amblyopia were not in accord with expectations based upon an even distribution of lost connections with the amblyopic eye. However, the results were similar to those observed in a strabismic amblyopic animal and to strabismic amblyopic humans. We suggest that deprivation amblyopia may be accompanied by an uneven loss of connections that results in effective neural disarray. By contrast, amblyopia associated with strabismus might arise from neural disarray of a different origin such as an alteration of intrinsic cortical connections.
An Ecological Risk Assessment for Insecticides Used in Adult Mosquito Management

Abstract West Nile virus (WNV) has been a concern for people across the United States since the disease was initially observed in the summer of 1999. Since 1999, WNV has caused the largest arboviral encephalitis epidemic in US history. Vector control management programs have been intensively implemented to control mosquitoes that carry WNV. Our deterministic ecological risk assessment focused on 6 common mosquito adulticides used in vector control, including 3 pyrethroids (d-phenothrin, resmethrin, and permethrin), pyrethrins, and 2 organophosphates (malathion and naled). Piperonyl butoxide, a synergist for the pyrethroids, was also assessed. Both aquatic and terrestrial nontarget organisms were considered for acute and chronic exposures to the adulticides. Tier I exposure estimates were derived from ISCST3 and AERMOD for deposition and air concentrations affecting terrestrial organisms and PRZM-EXAMS for standard pond concentrations affecting aquatic organisms. Nontargets exposed to adulticides included small mammals, birds, as well as aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates in a pond subject to receiving the chemical via drift and runoff. Risk quotients were obtained by comparing exposures to toxic endpoints. All risk quotients were low indicating that risks to ecological receptors most likely were small.
Proof of Proposition 4 in Global analysis of firing maps , MTNS 2010

In this note, we provide a full proof of the following result, which is presented as Proposition 4 in [1]. Theorem 1. Let P (z) = anbnz n + an−1bn−1z n−1 + · · · + a0b0. If the following conditions hold • an > an−1 > · · · > a0 > 0, • bn−k = bk, ∀k, • The sequence (b0, b1, . . . , bn) is positive and convex, i.e. bk ≥ 0 for all k and bk − bk−1 ≤ bk+1 − bk for k = 1, . , n − 1, then all roots of P are strictly in the unit-disk: P (z) = 0 ⇒ |z| < 1.
Beyond Gedanken Experiments

For future nanomechanical devices to be realized, sophisticated ways of manipulating small structures must be developed, and fundamental elements of macroscopic machines, such as switches and bearings, must be reproduced in the nanoscale. [ForrA³][1] highlights the nanotube nanobearings and nanoswitches reported by [Cumings and Zettl][2] and concludes that multiwall nanotubes are ideal starting materials for future nanodevices. [1]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/289/5479/560 [2]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/short/289/5479/602
Computing the Skyline of a Relational Table Based on a Query Lattice

We propose a novel approach to computing the skyline set of a relational table R, with respect to preferences expressed over one or more numerical attributes. Our approach is based on what we call the query lattice of R, and our basic algorithm constructs the skyline set as the union of the answers to a subset of queries from that lattice hence without directly accessing the table R. Therefore, in contrast to all existing techniques, our approach is independent of how the table R is implemented or how its tuples are indexed. We demonstrate the generality of our approach by computing the skyline set of the join of two tables based on the product of their individual query lattices therefore without performing the join. The paper presents basic concepts and algorithms leaving experimentation and performance evaluation to a forthcoming paper.
A Review on Big Data Analysis and Internet of Things

Billions of devices are currently connected to the Internet forming the Internet of Things (IoT). These devices are generating enormous amount of data. The transmission and processing of this data is a challenging task. This paper aims at reviewing the role of big data in IoT through discussion of its protocols and architectural structure. Methods for testing these protocols and security considerations are presented. Multiple IoT applications and future research directions are also discussed.
Amino acid supplementation increases lean body mass, basal muscle protein synthesis, and insulin-like growth factor-I expression in older women.

CONTEXT Inadequate dietary protein intake has been implicated in sarcopenia. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The objectives of this study were to determine whether: 1) chronic essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation improves postabsorptive muscle protein fractional synthesis rate (FSR), lean body mass (LBM), and one-repetition maximum muscle strength, and androgen receptor and IGF-I muscle protein expression; and 2) the acute anabolic response to EAA ingestion is preserved after a 3-month supplementation period. Using a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled design, older women (68 +/- 2 yr) were assigned to receive either placebo (n = 7), or 15 g EAA/d [supplemented treatment group (SUP)] (n = 7) for 3 months. Metabolic outcomes were assessed in association with stable isotope studies conducted at 0 and 3 months. SETTING The study was performed at The University of Texas Medical Branch General Clinical Research Center. RESULTS Ingestion of 7.5 g EAA acutely stimulated FSR in both groups at 0 months (P < 0.05). Basal FSR at 3 months was increased in SUP only. The magnitude of the acute response to EAA was unaltered after 3 months in SUP. LBM increased in SUP only (P < 0.05). One-repetition maximum strength remained unchanged in both groups. Basal IGF-I protein expression increased in SUP after 3 months (P = 0.05), with no changes in androgen receptor or total and phosphorylated Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin, S6 kinase, and 4E-binding protein. CONCLUSIONS EAA improved LBM and basal muscle protein synthesis in older individuals. The acute anabolic response to EAA supplementation is maintained over time and can improve LBM, possibly offsetting the debilitating effects of sarcopenia.
The Tuberculosis Prodrug Isoniazid Bound to Activating Peroxidases*

Isoniazid (INH, isonicotinic acid hydrazine) is one of only two therapeutic agents effective in treating tuberculosis. This prodrug is activated by the heme enzyme catalase peroxidase (KatG) endogenous to Mycobacterium tuberculosis but the mechanism of activation is poorly understood, in part because the binding interaction has not been properly established. The class I peroxidases ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and cytochrome c peroxidase (CcP) have active site structures very similar to KatG and are also capable of activating isoniazid. We report here the first crystal structures of complexes of isoniazid bound to APX and CcP. These are the first structures of isoniazid bound to any activating enzymes. The structures show that isoniazid binds close to the δ-heme edge in both APX and CcP, although the precise binding orientation varies slightly in the two cases. A second binding site for INH is found in APX at the γ-heme edge close to the established ascorbate binding site, indicating that the γ-heme edge can also support the binding of aromatic substrates. We also show that in an active site mutant of soybean APX (W41A) INH can bind directly to the heme iron to become an inhibitor and in a different mode when the distal histidine is replaced by alanine (H42A). These structures provide the first unambiguous evidence for the location of the isoniazid binding site in the class I peroxidases and provide rationalization of isoniazid resistance in naturally occurring KatG mutant strains of M. tuberculosis.