Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High voltage‐gain and wide‐range input DC‐DC converter using single switch suitable for fuel‐cell hybrid vehicles

In this paper, a new high voltage‐gain DC‐DC converter with wide‐range input is presented suitable for hybrid electric vehicle applications. The proposed structure acts as an interface converter between the fuel cell and DC link. The main benefits of the proposed topology consist of low voltage stress across semiconductors, flexibility of duty cycle changes without voltage fluctuations at the output side, having only one switch, and simple controls. Using a power switch with lower resistance on state (Rds‐on) reduces the total losses of the proposed topology. The proposed converter is analyzed in both CCM and DCM operating modes. Finally, a laboratory prototype at operating 50 kHz with 135 W is built and tested.
Measurement of magnetically induced current density in saline in vivo

Magnetically induced current density has been measured in different concentrations of saline solution and in the cerebral cortex of cats in vivo. The results show that the current density decreases with distance from the stimulating coil and with increasing resistivity. The presence of the cranium attenuates the current density in the cortical tissue. The studies show that it is possible to measure directly current densities induced by magnetic fields. <<ETX>>
Heterogeneous Edge Caching Based on Actor-Critic Learning With Attention Mechanism Aiding

In recent years, the explosive growth of network traffic has placed significant strain on backbone networks. To alleviate the content access delay and reduce additional network resource consumption resulting from large-scale requests, edge caching has emerged as a promising technology. Despite capturing substantial attention from both academia and industry, most existing studies overlook the heterogeneity of the environment and the spatial-temporal characteristics of content popularity. As a result, the potential for edge caching remains largely unexploited. To address these challenges, we propose a neighborhood-aware caching (NAC) framework in this paper. The framework leverages the perimeter information from neighboring base stations (BSs) to model the edge caching problem in heterogeneous scenarios as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). To fully exploit the environmental information, we introduce an improved actor-critic method that integrates an attention mechanism into the neural network. The actor-network in our framework is responsible for making caching decisions based on local information, while the critic network evaluates and enhances the actor's performance. The multi-head attention layer in the critic network enables integration of environmental features into the model, reducing the limitations associated with local investigation. To facilitate comparison from an engineering perspective, we also propose a heuristic algorithm, Neighbor-Influence-Least-Frequently-Use (NILFU). Our extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed NAC framework outperforms other baseline methods in terms of average delay, hit rate, and traffic offload ratio in heterogeneous scenarios. This highlights the effectiveness of the neighborhood-aware caching approach in enhancing the performance of edge caching systems in such scenarios.
Role of cavity induced decay-interference effect on vacuum-Rabi splitted spectrum

We have shown that an ultranarrow dark region can be associated with the feature of significant amount of vaccuum-Rabi splitting in the absorption spectrum of a weak coherent field probing a two-level atom strongly coupled to two degenerate cavity-modes with preselected polarizations. The cavity-induced transparency is produced by the decay-interference of the two independent cavity modes interacting with the same reservoir. It has been shown that the resonant probe transparency is independent of the individual decay rates of the cavity modes. The present model exhibits the possibility of obtaining the narrow dark transparency associated with the significant amount of Rabi splitting in the absorption spectrum with the appreciable value of the cavity-losses.
New exact solutions and special soliton structures for the (3+1)-dimensional Burgers system

Applying the improved mapping approach and variable separation method to the (3+1)-dimensional Burgers system，the new exact solutions of the system is derived. Based on the derived solitary wave solution，we obtained some special soliton structures，such as cylinder-like soliton，tapered soliton and embeded-solitons，and the interactions between the solitons are discuessed.
On the Effectiveness of BGP Hijackers That Evade Public Route Collectors

Routing hijack attacks have plagued the Internet for decades. After many failed mitigation attempts, recent Internet-wide BGP monitoring infrastructures relying on distributed route collection systems, called route collectors, give us hope that future monitor systems can quickly detect and ultimately mitigate hijacks. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of public route collectors with respect to future attackers deliberately engineering longer hijacks to avoid being recorded by route collectors. Our extensive simulations (and attacks we device) show that monitor-based systems may be unable to observe many carefully crafted hijacks diverting traffic from thousands of ASes. Hijackers could predict whether their attacks would propagate to some BGP feeders (i.e., monitors) of public route collectors. Then, manipulate BGP route propagation so that the attack never reaches those monitors. This observation remains true when considering plausible future Internet topologies, with more IXP links and up to 4 times more monitors peering with route collectors. We then evaluate the feasibility of performing hijacks not observed by route collectors in the real-world. We experiment with two classifiers to predict the monitors that are dangerous to report the attack to route collectors, one based on monitor proximities (i.e., shortest path lengths) and another based on Gao-Rexford routing policies. We show that a proximity-based classifier could be sufficient for the hijacker to identify all dangerous monitors for hijacks announced to peer-to-peer neighbors. For hijacks announced to transit networks, a Gao-Rexford classifier reduces wrong inferences by $\ge 91\%$ without introducing new misclassifications for existing dangerous monitors.
Research on the Segmentation Strategy of the Cotton Images on the Natural Condition Based upon the HSV Color-Space Model

For the cotton harvesting robot,the degree of maturation and recognition of the position in space are the key technologies.S channel of the HSV model is chosen as the feature of cotton images,which may get rid of the effect of light.Based on two situations,a checking strategy of maturation of cotton without information lost is introduced.If it's full-face,the ripe cotton can be judged by the dispersion and the area of one cotton,else it can be separated by the bigger area proportion of cotton pod and cotton piece.The barycenter of cotton can be ascertained by extracting geometry feature of the segmented cotton images.The experimental results demonstrate that the cotton can be separated easily from the background by the above proposed algorithm,which can well save the figure information.
SEARCH FOR THE COMET ACTIVITY OF 107P/(4015) WILSON–HARRINGTON DURING THE 2009/2010 APPARITION

We present the optical observations of the Near Earth Object 107P/(4015) Wilson–Harrington during the 2009/2010 apparition taken in search of low-level comet activity. Our photometric and spectroscopic data were collected 28–86 days after the perihelion passage on 2009 October 22 in a wide range of solar phase angles of 39°–68°. A disk-integrated phase function was constructed, giving a geometric albedo of 0.055 ± 0.012, phase integral of q = 0.34, and Bond albedo of AB = 0.019. The photometric property shows a profile similar to low albedo asteroids and comet nuclei. No emission lines were found in our spectrum, giving a flat reflectance similar to low albedo asteroids. Although we could not find any evidence for cometary activity in our photometric and spectroscopic data, we found an upper limit of 0.001% on the fractional active area. We derived the upper limit of the optical depth of the dust trail and tail, 7 × 10−10. We conclude that 107P/(4015) Wilson–Harrington was completely dormant or inactive in the 2009/2010 return.
Machine Learning Models for Approximating Downward Short-Wave Radiation Flux over the Ocean from All-Sky Optical Imagery Based on DASIO Dataset

Downward short-wave (SW) solar radiation is the only essential energy source powering the atmospheric dynamics, ocean dynamics, biochemical processes, and so forth on our planet. Clouds are the main factor limiting the SW flux over the land and the Ocean. For the accurate meteorological measurements of the SW flux one needs expensive equipment-pyranometers. For some cases where one does not need golden-standard quality of measurements, we propose estimating incoming SW radiation flux using all-sky optical RGB imagery which is assumed to incapsulate the whole information about the downward SW flux. We used DASIO all-sky imagery dataset with corresponding SW downward radiation flux measurements registered by an accurate pyranometer. The dataset has been collected in various regions of the World Ocean during several marine campaigns from 2014 to 2021, and it will be updated. We demonstrate the capabilities of several machine learning models in this problem, namely multilinear regression, Random Forests, Gradient Boosting and convolutional neural networks (CNN). We also applied the inverse target frequency (ITF) re-weighting of the training subset in an attempt of improving the SW flux approximation quality. We found that the CNN is capable of approximating downward SW solar radiation with higher accuracy compared to existing empiric parameterizations and known algorithms based on machine learning methods for estimating downward SW flux using remote sensing (MODIS) imagery. The estimates of downward SW radiation flux using all-sky imagery may be of particular use in case of the need for the fast radiative budgets assessment of a site.
IMPACT OF OIL SHALE MINE WATER ON MICROBIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF NORTH-EASTERN ESTONIAN RIVERS

Numbers of different bacterial groups and physico-chemical water quality parameters were studied during four year period in two rivers receiving mine water from underground oil shale mine. Input of mine water causes increase of alkalinity, sulfate and calcium ion concentration in river water. Bacterial community structure of studied rivers was altered by mine water and had clear seasonal pattern. The results indicate that input of mine water increases number of viable heterotrophs and lipolytic bacteria in river water, especially during underground oil shale burning.
Cyclic flow patterns in human coronary arteries

Biplane digital coronary angiograms, as routinely performed in angiography, are used to construct a three-dimensional model of the coronary arteries. This model is used to solve the fluid flow equations throughout the cardiac cycle. The spatial position of the centreline of the artery is determined in three dimensions by detecting the ridge line in the two images and using the rotation angles embedded in the DICOM format. Combining this with the arterial radii taken from the images allows a model of the surface of the artery to be built. This model is then discretised and a mesh constructed, both on its surface and within, which allows for a computational fluid dynamics package to solve the Navier-Stokes equations and provide detailed flow patterns, including wall shear stress. In a series of 4 patients the right coronary artery has been reconstructed throughout the cardiac cycle, and flows have been calculated for a typical pressure gradient at each step. The flow shows a wide variation of shear stresses with variations being due to both altered velocities as well as the altered configuration of the coronary due to systolic movement. The techniques of reconstruction appear robust, as can be shown by introduction of random noise in the model.
Failure Modelling of CP800 Using Acoustic Emission Analysis

Advanced high-strength steels (AHHS) are widely used in many production lines of car components. For efficient design of the forming processes, numerical methods are frequently applied in the automotive industry. To model the forming processes realistically, exact material data and analytical models are required. With respect to failure modelling, the accurate determination of failure onset continues to be a challenge. In this article, the complex phase (CP) steel CP800 is characterised for its failure characteristics using tensile tests with butterfly specimens. The material failure was determined by three evaluation methods: mechanically by a sudden drop in the forming force, optically by a crack appearing on the specimen surface, and acoustically by burst signals. As to be expected, the mechanical evaluation method determined material failure the latest, while the optical and acoustical methods showed similar values. Numerical models of the butterfly tests were created using boundary conditions determined by each evaluation method. A comparison of the experiments, regarding the forming force and the distribution of the equivalent plastic strain, showed sufficient agreement. Based on the numerical models, the characteristic stress states of each test were evaluated, which showed similar values for the mechanical and optical evaluation method. The characteristic stress states derived from the acoustical evaluation method were shifted to higher triaxialities, compared to the other methods. Matching the point in time of material failure, the equivalent plastic strain at failure was highest for the mechanical evaluation method, with lower values for the other two methods. Furter, three Johnson–Cook (JC) failure models were parametrised and subsequently compared. The major difference was in the slope of the failure models, of which the optical evaluation method showed the lowest slope. The reasons for the differences are the different stress states and the different equivalent plastic strains due to different evaluation areas.
Overcoming Dimensional Dependence of Worst Case Scenarios and Maximum Loss

Maximum Loss over admissibility domains with a specified probability mass shows a peculiar kind of dimensional dependence: for a fixed portfolio and fixed probability of the admissibility domain, the inclusion of additional irrelevant risk factors increases Maximum Loss. For elliptical distributions we propose a definition of Maximum Loss which we show to be free of this undesirable property. If we characterise the admissibility domain by its Mahalanobis radius instead of its probability mass, the inclusion of irrelevant risk factors, or of risk factors which are highly correlated to other risk factors does not affect Maximum Loss.
Designing media for the local control of nanoscale absorption, transmission, and energy transfer

Interactions between light and molecular matter featuring photon absorption are commonly associated with excitation of individual chromophores. Subsequent relaxation is achieved through numerous mechanisms, such as scattering and energy transfer to neighbouring chromophores. The efficiency of such processes depends on many factors, including the intensity and wavelength of the optical input, the absorption cross-section of the molecule and the relative orientation of molecular components. New photonic materials are developed on the principle that such factors are controllable, duly tailoring the system to suit new technological applications. The parameters that determine the linear response in multicomponent materials are typically assessed within the theoretical framework of classical optics. However, with improved interest and capability in fabricating nanoscale structures (especially those that exhibit quantum effects), it is becoming increasingly relevant to develop theory that more faithfully represents how individual photons engage with matter. In such constructs, the interaction of materials with optical waves and photons is highly dependent on local molecular environment, therefore surrounding structures and ancillary species exert forms of influence on the photophysical processes inherent within dielectric media. At optical wavelengths where the secondary structure displays little intrinsic optical absorption, the role of such components is often interpreted as modifying the input through a corrective local index of refraction. Although expedient in the discussion of bulk properties of a macroscopic medium, it is reasonably supposed at a local chromophore-photon level that optical mechanisms operate in a different fashion. Using a fully quantized approach to the representation of local molecular electronic structure and electrodynamics, this research develops rigorous theory and a corresponding physical interpretation of how photon absorption, scattering and energy transfer are modified by vicinal, non-absorbing chromophores. The results provide insight into the mechanisms achieved within multi-chromophore systems, highlighting factors that assist in the optimization of optical characteristics in designer materials.
Study on the socioeconomic and climatic effects of forest fire incidence in the Changbai Mountain area based on a cross-classified multilevel model

Abstract The occurrence of forest fires is determined by fuel, climate and ignition sources at different temporal and spatial scales. However, most analyses are performed only on a single scale, and few comprehensive statistical analyses elaborate on the cross-scale interaction of fire drivers. Understanding the differential effects of socioeconomic and climatic factors on forest fire incidence across different administrative and climatic scales can provide new information for wildfire studies. In this study, we applied a cross-classified multilevel model with forest fire incidence data derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer products (MODIS 14A1) to explore the relationship between the spatial distribution of fire incidence and socioeconomic and climatic factors at different levels and to estimate the effects of these drivers on forest fire incidence. Our results showed that the density of impervious surfaces, density of cropland, mean monthly precipitation, mean monthly temperature, density of primary gross domestic product, annual monthly average relative humidity, and annual monthly average precipitation at the county level, prefecture-level city and climatic levels had significant multilevel associations with forest fire incidence in the Changbai Mountain area. These findings will effectively support the development of forest fire administrative policies for specific regions.
Lay Foibles and Expert Fables in Judgments about Risk

Abstract Public perceptions of risk are a focal point of many debates about the management of hazardous technologies. Different views about what the public knows and wants often lead to quite different beliefs about what policies should be adopted and even about how society's policy-making processes should be structured. Often these views about the public are based on speculation or anecdotal observation. In the interests of having better informed debates, the present paper reviews existing empirical evidence about public risk perceptions. In doing so, it reaches a number of interim conclusions and draws forth their implications for the respective roles of technical experts and lay people in technology management.
CALIBRATION OF THE HEAVY ION BEAM PROBE PARALLEL PLATE ANALYZER USING THE GAS TARGET AND REFERENCE BEAM

The most important and difficult problem in heavy ion beam probe diagnostics is the absolute measurement of the plasma potential. The analyzer that measures the energy of the secondary ions must be perfectly calibrated. The accuracy necessary should be at least 10−4. We used two methods of calibration: in situ using the gas target, and in vitro using the reference beam. Calibration allows one to obtain the gain G and dynamic coefficient F of the analyzer. We developed a procedure of fast calibration that uses the dynamic curve Ub/Ua(δi), where Ub and Ua correspond to the accelerating voltage of the beam and the voltage on the analyzer, and δi is a normalized difference of currents on the plates. The analyzer used on the T-10 tokamak was calibrated by both methods. Results of both calibrations are in a reasonable agreement at the moderate values of the entrance angle. The nonideal effects caused by ionization of the gas target and asymmetric secondary electron exchange are considered.
The Bayesian Modelling Of Inflation Rate In Romania

Bayesian econometrics knew a considerable increase in popularity in the last years, joining the interests of various groups of researchers in economic sciences and additional ones as specialists in econometrics, commerce, industry, marketing, finance, micro-economy, macro-economy and other domains. The purpose of this research is to achieve an introduction in Bayesian approach applied in economics, starting with Bayes theorem. For the Bayesian linear regression models the methodology of estimation was presented, realizing two empirical studies for data taken from the Romanian economy. Thus, an autoregressive model of order 2 and a multiple regression model were built for the index of consumer prices. The Gibbs sampling algorithm was used for estimation in R software, computing the posterior means and the standard deviations. The parameters’ stability proved to be greater than in the case of estimations based on the methods of classical Econometrics.
Vector model for polarized second-harmonic generation microscopy under high numerical aperture

Based on the vector diffraction theory and the generalized Jones matrix formalism, a vector model for polarized second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is developed, which includes the roles of the axial component Pz, the weight factor and the cross-effect between the lateral components. The numerical results show that as the relative magnitude of Pz increases, the polarization response of the second-harmonic signal will vary from linear polarization to elliptical polarization and the polarization orientation of the second-harmonic signal is different from that under the paraxial approximation. In addition, it is interesting that the polarization response of the detected second-harmonic signal can change with the value of the collimator lens NA. Therefore, it is more advantageous to adopt the vector model to investigate the property of polarized SHG microscopy for a variety of cases.