Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors predicting attachment patterns in infants of adolescent mothers

Abstract The aim of the current study was to examine predictors of the mother-infant attachment relationship in adolescent mother-infant dyads. Seven factors were investigated: Maternal adult attachment style, childhood maltreatment history, depression, parenting stress and sensitivity; infant temperament difficulty; and social support. The sample consisted of138 dyads. Predictive factors were measured during pregnancy, and at four and ten months, whereas attachment was evaluated at fifteen months using the Strange Situation procedure. Results indicated that the secure infants' mothers expressed less parenting stress and more satisfaction with social support as compared to mothers of avoidant or resistant infants. Moreover, these mothers completed more years of schooling than mothers of avoidant, resistant or disorganised infants. Contrary to our expectations, it was found that neither maternal sensitivity, nor adult attachment style contributed to the prediction of attachment patterns. Furthermore, disorganised attachments were not predicted by more severe constellations of risk factors. These findings are discussed in relation to the particular ecology of adolescent mothers.
Innovative Practices in Large Urban Development Projects: Conflicting Frames in the Quest for “New Urbanity”

Large urban development projects are at the forefront of scholarly attention. This article aims at complementing critical analyses of urban projects from a political-economic perspective with an analysis centred on planning agency and practice. The focus is on the role of innovative planning concepts in the governance process. The question raised is: how can discourse on the urban quality of places affect collective choices in a reflective way, possibly leading to integrating private interests within ambitious public strategies? The question is addressed by analysing planning of large urban projects as a “framing” practice, intended in a dual sense: as a practice defining arenas and forms of interaction, and as a practice conveying ideas, visions, concepts of “urbanity”. The case study presented—the Zuidas in Amsterdam—is interpreted as the scene of conflicting frames about the “public” meaning of places and as the contradictory struggle for framing collective action by means of innovative planning concepts. The analysis highlights the limits of framing approaches that do not adequately address the multiplicity of arenas and interactions involved in the governance of urban transformations.
Understanding young offenders' experiences of drinking alcohol: An interpretative phenomenological analysis

Abstract Aims: Previous research has documented a clear association between drinking alcohol and engaging in criminal activity. However, it is unclear how this relationship is formed and maintained in young people. Such knowledge could be instructive in the appropriate design and effectiveness of prevention and intervention strategies. The aim of the present study was to gain a greater understanding of these two phenomena from the young person's perspective. Methods: Nine young offenders were interviewed about their experiences of drinking alcohol. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings: Three main themes were identified, from initial experiences of using alcohol through the transition into offending and for some participants the resulting change in patterns of use. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of personal values and meaning-making in both the initiation and desistance from alcohol use and criminal behaviour. In particular, the importance of family and peers in these processes suggests the utility of early family-based interventions.
A Survey of the Relationship between Market-Orientation and Developing the New Services and Financial Performance of Post Banks of Ilam City

The present study aimed to evaluate the relation between market orientation and development of new services and financial performance of post banks of Ilam city (Iran). The field, library method was used in the present study. The study population was all the customers using the services of Post banks of Ilam city. The sampling was simple stratified method. The sample size was determined by sampling formula in the infinite population as 267 people. The measure of the study was questionnaire. For study calculations, inference and descriptive statistics were used. After the study calculations, the following results were achieved: The condition of market orientation index, development of new products and financial performance was good in terms of respondents and there was a direct relation between market-orientation and development of new services and financial performance in the post banks.
An EM Algorithm for Modelling Variably-Aggregated Demand

This paper develops an EM algorithm for the estimation of a consumer demand system involving variably aggregated data. The methodology is based on the observation that more highly aggregated data does in fact contain information on the finer subcategories. It is therefore possible, under certain simplifying assumptions, to derive the distribution of the unobserved fine-level expenditures conditional on the observed but more highly aggregated data. The expectation of the log-likelihood is then taken with respect to this conditional distribution. Under the assumption of multivariate normality both these steps can be performed analytically, resulting in an EM criterion that can be maximised iteratively at comparatively little cost. The technique is applied to an ABS dataset containing historical information relating to private final consumption expenditures on up to 18 commodities.
The Effects of Experience on the Selection of Suitable Retrieval Cues for Studying Texts.

BROwN, ANN L. ; SMILEY, SANDRA S. ; and LAWTON, SALLIE Q. C. The Effects of Experience on the Selection of Suitable Retrieval Cues for Studying Texts. CHrLD DEVELOPMENT, 1978, 49, 829-835. The ability to select (a) suitable retrieval cues, and (b) the main ideas of prose passages was examined in college students and in school students between fifth and twelfth grade. The ability to select the main elements of texts improved over the entire age range studied and was not affected by experience studying and recalling the passage. Retrieval-cue selection was also sensitive to age, with a dramatic shift in flexibility occurring between the high school and college populations. Prior to experience recalling the text, college students selected mainly the most important elements to serve as retrieval cues. After experience recalling, however, they selected units of intermediate importance. Realizing they would remember the main ideas without further effort, they concentrate on the intermediate-level material which had caused them much more trouble on their previous recall attempt. This shift in retrieval-cue selection represents a fine degree of sensitivity to the relative importance of text segments and to the function of retrieval cues in recall, a sensitivity not displayed by even the oldest high school subjects.
‘Taking a cross‐country journey with a world map’: examining the construction of practitioner researcher identities through one case study

Research about how teachers construct practitioner researcher identities is central to teacher education and professional development because it provides insight into how teachers continue to learn about and implement practices that meet the needs of their students. The paper explores how one fourth‐grade teacher (Holly) constructed her practitioner researcher identities over two years. It draws upon data gathered from a year‐long Teacher as Researcher course and a monthly practitioner researcher group (Triad Teacher Researchers) associated with a Southeastern university in the United States. In particular, this paper examines moments of tension when Holly was challenged to negotiate multiple identities in order to situate herself as a practitioner researcher within multiple contexts. Findings suggest that learning to ‘become’ a practitioner researcher is an identity process that involves moments of tension that are best supported through a collaborative community. The paper concludes with implications about how to facilitate spaces of identity work through various types of reflective practices in courses and groups.
Data-driven assessments for sensor measurements of eating behavior

Two major challenges in sensor-based measurement and assessment of healthy eating behavior are (a) choosing the behavioral indicators to be measured, and (b) interpreting the measured values. While much of the work towards solving these problems belongs in the domain of behavioral science, there are several areas where technology can help. This paper outlines an approach for representing and interpreting eating and activity behavior based on sensor measurements and data available from a reference population. The main idea is to assess the “similarity” of an individual's behavior to previous data recordings of a relevant reference population. Thus, by appropriate selection of the indicators and reference data it is possible to perform comparative behavioral evaluation and support decisions, even in cases where no clear medical guidelines for the indicator values exist. We examine the simple, univariate case (one indicator) and then extend these ideas to the multivariate problem (several indicators) using one-class SVM to measure the distance from the reference population.
Tetracycline-inducible system for photoreceptor-specific gene expression.

PURPOSE To develop a system for inducible photoreceptor-specific gene expression in transgenic mice. The tetracycline regulatory system was chosen because it possesses the useful property of direct control of gene expression through use of an exogenous agent, doxycycline, a tetracycline derivative. METHODS Transgenic mice were generated that carried the reverse tetracycline-controlled transactivator under the control of the photoreceptor-specific promoters for rhodopsin and interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein. These animals were crossed with transgenic mice carrying the lacZ reporter gene under control of the tetracycline operator cassette, creating doubly transgenic mice. Doxycycline was administered to induce expression of the reporter gene. Reporter assays were then performed to evaluate lacZ expression. RESULTS Doxycycline administration led to photoreceptor-specific expression of the lacZ reporter gene in the doubly transgenic mice. X-gal staining was restricted to photoreceptor inner segments and synaptic termini. Induction could be achieved by addition of the drug to the animals' drinking water or by intravitreal injection. Induction was noted within 24 hours of doxcycline administration. Because of variability among animals, there was an approximate correlation, but not a clean dose-response curve relating drug dose to level of reporter expression. CONCLUSIONS A transgenic system for inducible photoreceptor-specific gene expression has been developed. This system is currently being exploited to study the effects of regulated expression of genes of biological interest.
Demographic change as a future challenge for cities in east central europe

Abstract. Contemporary cities in East Central Europe (ECE) represent a hybrid type of urban development which is still generally considered to be a special case and is only exceptionally referred to in the recently intensified debate over the European city. Our paper argues that such exclusion is short‐sighted because ECE cities face structural problems similar to those of their Western pendants. Therefore, the contextual frame of urban research needs to be widened and can no longer be restricted to post‐socialist transition. In this regard, one of the main challenges for future urban development will be the consequences of demographic change. Ageing, new patterns of fertility behaviour and more diversified household structures in line with the Second Demographic Transition (SDT) will have significant implications for urban structures and housing markets, as already known for Western Europe. The purpose of this paper is to work out new questions and hypotheses for future urban research with special respect to Polish and Czech cities. Besides West European experience, recent developments in eastern Germany are taken as a frame of reference, assuming that this specific transition case may, in many respects, be regarded as a forerunner for similar developments in its neighbouring countries.
Oral Lichen Planus as a Preneoplastic Inflammatory Model

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic oral inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. According to reports, 1-2% of OLP patients develop oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the long run. While World Health Organization (WHO) classifies OLP as “a potentially malignant disorder,” it is still a matter of debate which mechanisms drive OLP to such a condition. The current hypothesis connecting OLP and OSCC is that chronic inflammation results in crucial DNA damage which over time results in cancer development. Initial studies investigating the OLP and OSCC link were mainly retrospective clinical studies. Over the past years, several amount of information has accumulated, mainly from molecular studies on the OLP malignant potential. This article is a critical review of whether OLP has a malignant potential and, therefore, represents a model of preneoplastic inflammation.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluation of Time to Read, a Volunteer Tutoring Program for 8- to 9-Year-Olds

Tutoring is commonly employed to prevent early reading failure, and evidence suggests that it can have a positive effect. This article presents findings from a large-scale (n = 734) randomized controlled trial evaluation of the effect of Time to Read—a volunteer tutoring program aimed at children aged 8 to 9 years—on reading comprehension, self-esteem, locus of control, enjoyment of learning, and future aspirations. The study found that the program had only a relatively small effect on children’s aspirations (effect size +0.17, 95% confidence interval [0.015, 0.328]) and no other outcomes. It is suggested that this lack of evidence found may be due to misspecification of the program logic model and outcomes identified and program-related factors, particularly the low dosage of the program.
A sense of presence

Our apparently simple and basic sense of our own location is, I argue, the fruit of an ongoing project. It is a construct formed by our implicit awareness of our current set of potentials for action, social engagement and intervention. Nonetheless, most attempts at technologically supported telepresence seem shallow and unsatisfying. In what follows, I explore the potential of richer and more varied technologies to impact our fundamental sense of location.
The UL12 Protein of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Is Regulated by Tyrosine Phosphorylation

ABSTRACT The herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) UL12 protein (pUL12) is a nuclease that is critical for viral replication in vitro and neurovirulence in vivo. In this study, mass spectrometric analysis of pUL12 and phosphate-affinity SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis identified tyrosine at pUL12 residue 371 (Tyr-371) as a pUL12 phosphorylation site: Tyr-371 is conserved in pUL12 homologs in herpesviruses in all Herpesviridae subfamilies. Replacement of Tyr-371 with phenylalanine (Y371F) in pUL12 (i) abolished its exonuclease activity in HSV-1-infected Vero, HEL, and A549 cells, (ii) reduced viral replication, cell-cell spread, and pUL12 expression in infected cells in a cell type-dependent manner, (iii) led to aberrant subcellular localization of pUL12 in infected cells in a cell type-dependent manner, and (iv) reduced HSV-1 neurovirulence in mice. The effects of the pUL12 Y371F mutation in cell cultures and mice were similar to those of a nuclease-dead double mutation in pUL12, although the Y371F mutation reduced viral replication severalfold more than the nuclease-dead double mutation in a cell type- and multiplicity-of-infection-dependent manner. Replacement of Tyr-371 with glutamic acid, which mimics constitutive phosphorylation, restored the wild-type phenotype in cell cultures and mice. These results suggested that phosphorylation of pUL12 Tyr-371 was essential for pUL12 to express its nuclease activity in HSV-1-infected cells and that this phosphorylation promoted viral replication and cell-cell spread in cell cultures and neurovirulence in mice mainly by upregulating pUL12 nuclease activity and, in part, by regulating the subcellular localization and expression of pUL12 in HSV-1-infected cells. IMPORTANCE Herpesviruses encode a considerable number of enzymes for their replication. Like cellular enzymes, the viral enzymes need to be properly regulated in infected cells. Although the functional aspects of herpesvirus enzymes have gradually been clarified, information on how most of these enzymes are regulated in infected cells is lacking. In the present study, we report that the enzymatic activity of the herpes simplex virus 1 alkaline nuclease pUL12 was regulated by phosphorylation of pUL12 Tyr-371 in infected cells and that this phosphorylation promoted viral replication and cell-cell spread in cell cultures and neurovirulence in mice, mainly by upregulating pUL12 nuclease activity. Interestingly, pUL12 and tyrosine at pUL12 residue 371 appeared to be conserved in all herpesviruses in the family Herpesviridae, raising the possibility that the herpesvirus pUL12 homologs may also be regulated by phosphorylation of the conserved tyrosine residue.
Menatetrenone versus alfacalcidol in the treatment of Chinese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, double-dummy, positive drug-controlled clinical trial

Objective To evaluate whether the efficacy and safety of menatetrenone for the treatment of osteoporosis is noninferior to alfacalcidol in Chinese postmenopausal women. Method This multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, double-dummy, noninferiority, positive drug-controlled clinical trial was conducted in five Chinese sites. Eligible Chinese women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (N=236) were randomized to Group M or Group A and received menatetrenone 45 mg/day or alfacalcidol 0.5 μg/day, respectively, for 1 year. Additionally, all patients received calcium 500 mg/day. Posttreatment bone mineral density (BMD), new fracture onsets, and serum osteocalcin (OC) and undercarboxylated OC (ucOC) levels were compared with the baseline value in patients of both groups. Results A total of 213 patients (90.3%) completed the study. After 1 year of treatment, BMD among patients in Group M significantly increased from baseline by 1.2% and 2.7% at the lumbar spine and trochanter, respectively (P<0.001); and the percentage increase of BMD in Group A was 2.2% and 1.8%, respectively (P<0.001). No difference was observed between groups. There were no changes in femoral neck BMD in both groups. Two patients (1.9%, 2/108) in Group M and four patients (3.8%, 4/105) in Group A had new fracture onsets (P>0.05). In Group M, OC and ucOC decreased from baseline by 38.7% and 82.3%, respectively (P<0.001). In Group A, OC and ucOC decreased by 25.8% and 34.8%, respectively (P<0.001). Decreases in serum OC and ucOC were more obvious in Group M than in Group A (P<0.001). The safety profile of menatetrenone was similar to alfacalcidol. Conclusion Menatetrenone is an effective and safe choice in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in Chinese women.
Hyperuricemia as a Potential Determinant of Metabolic Syndrome

Recent studies have focused on hyperuricemia as a modulator for metabolic syndrome. Hyperuricemia has reported in many studies as a causal marker in a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome. In fact, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity and hypertension, each of these variables of metabolic syndrome gets influenced by the serum uric acid level. High level of uric acid has been associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Hyperuricemia has attributed to hyperinsulinemia in metabolic syndrome and decreased excretion of uric acid causing endothelial dysfunction in kidney leads to renal disease and cardiovascular disorders. This review focus on the role of uric acid in the development of metabolic syndrome and onthe possible pathophysiology.
World-volume fields, SL(2;Z) and duality: The type IIB 3-brane

We propose a method for constructing super-brane actions where every background tensor potential corresponds to a world-volume field strength. The procedure provides a natural coupling to the background and automatically displays the SL(2;Z) symmetry of the IIB string theory. The Dirichlet 3-brane is used as a test ground for these ideas. A polynomial action consistent with non-linear self-duality is presented. Invariance of the action under kappa-symmetry is demonstrated for arbitrary on-shell type IIB supergravity backgrounds and is shown to require self-duality.
Improving Web Cache Performance via Adaptive Content Fragmentation Design

The performance of web caches, in Web Content Management Systems, can be improved by assembling only some of the content elements of a web page in the application server, and finishing the assembling process in the cache proxy. Due to this, the cache is able to manage parts of the web page instead of whole pages, which improves its performance. We propose an algorithm based on decision trees and obtained in a training process to create content fragmentation designs. Data mining is used in the training phase. Inputs of the classification algorithm must be monitored from the system producing small overheads. The paper contribution are the validation of: the use of classification system to self-adapt content fragmentation designs to improve the web performance, the parameters set to be used as inputs of the decision tree and finally, the suitability of using decision trees to represent and implement, in the classification system, the previous extracted knowledge. All these aspects are validated by experimental results extracted from a test-bed.
Cell replacement therapies for nervous system regeneration

The adult brain was thought to be a slowly decaying organ, a sophisticated but flawed machine condemned to inevitable decline. Today we know that the brain is more plastic than previously assumed, as most prominently demonstrated by the constitutive birth of new neurons that occurs in selected regions of the adult brain, even in humans. However, the overall modest capacity for endogenous repair of the central nervous system (CNS) has sparked interest in understanding the barriers to neuronal regeneration and in developing novel approaches to enable neuronal and circuit repair for therapeutic benefit in neurodegenerative disorders and traumatic injuries. Scientists recently assembled in Baeza, a picturesque town in the south of Spain, to discuss aspects of CNS regeneration. The picture that emerged shows how an integrated view of developmental and adult neurogenesis may inform the manipulation of neural progenitors, differentiated cells, and pluripotent stem cells for therapeutic benefit and foster new understanding of the inner limits of brain plasticity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 145–152, 2012