Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is technology driving the increase in wage inequality in modern day Sweden

Abstract: During the last couple of decades the spread of wages has increased throughout the western world. Sweden is no exception from this trend, and the increased wage inequality in Sweden can be traced back 1980. This thesis aims to answer whether technology driven changes in demand for labor can explain changes in relative wage, and if increased foreign competition can explain increasing wage inequality. It can be concluded that employment is affected in the directions predicted by the theory of Task Biased Technological Change, but that these effects are not carried on to further effects on wage change in Sweden during the studied period. Low wage is instead being found to be the best predictor of poor wage development.
Intelligent Well Log Data Analysis: A Comparison Study

In this paper we compare three different soft computing methods used as the well log data analysis model in petroleum engineering. Due to the diversely behaving nature, namely, that each region has a unique geophysical characteristic it is difficult to build a universal model relating the mathematical behaviour of the measured variables. This is the reason why soft computing techniques may be favourable to be applied in such case. We describe, investigate and compare a neural network, a fuzzy, and a neuro-fuzzy based method on a particular real data set.
Evaluation of a Multimedia Case-History Simulation Program for Pharmacy Students

Objective. The purpose of this study was to validate the effectiveness of a Multimedia Case History Program (MCHP) designed for pharmacy students to simulate a case-history taking session. Methods. Seventy-nine undergraduate pharmacy students used an MCHP that presented an asthmatic or diabetic patient. Of these, 52 students also volunteered to interview a researcher in a face-to-face simulation of a patient case featured in the MCHP, but not the same case they previously had been allocated. Students completed patient profiles and pharmaceutical care plans for evaluation. Results. In nearly all aspects, students produced significantly more complete patient profiles using the MCHP than they did from the face-to-face simulation. However, the pharmaceutical care plans produced were of a similar quality whether based on the MCHP or on a face-to-face interview. Conclusion. The MCHP is a potentially useful system in supplementing a clinical pharmacy course that could provide a means of case history taking witho.
Proteolytic Processing of Von Willebrand Factor by Adamts13 and Leukocyte Proteases

ADAMTS13 is a 190 kDa zinc protease encoded by a gene located on chromosome 9q34. This protease specifically hydrolyzes von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimers, thus causing VWF size reduction. ADAMTS13 belongs to the A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease with ThromboSpondin type 1 repeats (ADAMTS) family, involved in proteolytic processing of many matrix proteins. ADAMTS13 consists of numerous domains including a metalloprotease domain, a disintegrin domain, several thrombospondin type 1 (TSP1) repeats, a cysteine-rich domain, a spacer domain and 2 CUB (Complement c1r/c1s, sea Urchin epidermal growth factor, and Bone morphogenetic protein) domains. ADAMTS13 cleaves a single peptide bond (Tyr1605-Met1606) in the central A2 domain of the VWF molecule. This proteolytic cleavage is essential to reduce the size of ultra-large VWF polymers, which, when exposed to high shear stress in the microcirculation, are prone to form with platelets clumps, which cause severe syndromes called thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs). In this review, we a) discuss the current knowledge of structure-function aspects of ADAMTS13 and its involvement in the pathogenesis of TMAs, b) address the recent findings concerning proteolytic processing of VWF multimers by different proteases, such as the leukocyte-derived serine and metallo-proteases and c) indicate the direction of future investigations.
Forecast Daily Night Peak Electric Power Demand in Sri Lankan power system

Electricity has become vital for day today life. Electricity consumption has enormously increased during the recent past. However it cannot be conveniently stored. Therefore, at every instant of time there should be a sufficient amount of electricity generation to meet the consumer demand. Depending on the demand, power producers adjust their production level. Therefore forecasting electricity demand would be very helpful to power system operators to maintain the power quality and reliability of the power system. The highest daily electric power demand occurs in night peak in Sri Lankan power system. Therefore this paper describes forecasting the Daily Night Peak Electric Power Demand (DNPEPD) of Sri Lankan power system by using past daily data in time series analysis. Final model can be used to forecast the DNPEPD a week ahead. It is shown that the developed approach can produce more accurate results for the forecast for short term. The developed model is more beneficial for planning of a power generation pattern.
Estimation of Pedestrian Distribution in Indoor Environments using Multiple Pedestrian Tracking

We propose a two-tier data analysis approach for estimating distribution of pedestrian locations in an indoor space using multiple pedestrian detection and tracking. Multiple pedestrian detection uses laser measurement for sensing pedestrians in a heavily occluded environment which is usually the case with most indoor environments. We adapt a particle filter based multiple pedestrian tracker to address the constraints of a limited number of sensors, heavy occlusion and real-time execution. Under these conditions any detection and tracking technique is likely to encounter a degree of error in cardinality and position of pedestrians. A completely new approach is employed which measures the error in tracker output due to occlusion and uses it to estimate a probability density function which represents the probable number of pedestrians located at a particular exhibit at a particular time. The end result of the system is a variable representing cardinality of pedestrians at a particular exhibit. This variable follows a distribution which is approximately normal where the variance of the probability distribution function is directly proportional to the error encountered by the tracker because of occlusion. The accuracy of our detection and tracking algorithm was tested both separately and in conjunction with the second-tier pedestrian distribution analysis and found marked improvement making our average pedestrian counting accuracy to at least 90% for all the pedestrian position data that we gathered with average pedestrian density at 0.34 pedestrians per sq. meter. Since the environment constraints for our system are unprecedented, we were unable to compare our result to any previous experiments. We recorded the number of people at each exhibit manually to establish the ground truth and compare our results.
Pain after thoracic surgery

In order to evaluate postoperative pain treatment following thoracic surgery, 214 medical records of patients who were operated during 1986–1988 were examined. Nurses' comments concerning pain and the amounts of analgesics given during the 2 postoperative days were recorded. The 150 patients who were still alive in December 1989 were sent a postal questionnaire which asked about the pain and the efficacy of pain relief they had received after their operation. They were also asked if they still had pain which they connected to the thoracotomy and if any attempts had been made to treat that pain. The mean consumption of intramuscular oxycodone was 38 mg during the 1st and 33 mg during the 2nd postoperative day. The administration of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs significantly reduced the opioid consumption on the second but not on the first postoperative day. In 30% of the patients' charts there were no remarks on pain, in 10% there was a mention of no pain, in 40% pain was mentioned and in 20% the patient was reported to have severe pain. During the first postoperative week little pain was experienced by 60% of the patients, considerable pain by 35% and excruciating pain by 5% of the patients being interviewed. The postoperative pain relief was rated as good in 60% of the answers, satisfactory in 38% and poor in 2%. Persistent post‐thoracotomy pain lasting for more than 6 months was reported by 44% of the patients, of whom 66% had received treatment for the pain.
NORMAL FRAMES AND THE VALIDITY OF THE EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE : III. THE CASE ALONG SMOOTH MAPS WITH SEPARABLE POINTS OF SELF-INTERSECTION

The equivalence principle is treated on a mathematically rigorous base on sufficiently general subsets of a differentiable manifold. This is carried out using the basis of derivations of tensor algebra over that manifold. Necessary and/or sufficient conditions of existence, uniqueness, and holonomicity of those bases, in which the components of the derivations of the tensor algebra over the manifold vanish on these subsets, are studied. The linear connections are considered in this context. It is shown that the equivalence principle is identically valid at any point, and along any path, in every gravitational theory based on linear connections. On higher-dimensional submanifolds it may be valid only in certain exceptional cases.
Secular gains in IQ not related to the g factor and inbreeding depression — unlike Black-White diÄerences: A reply to Flynn

Earlier, Rushton (Intelligence, 13, 1989, 43‐51) found the amount of inbreeding depression on WISCR subtests (a genetic eAect) correlates with the magnitude of the average Black‐White IQ diAerences on the same tests. Flynn (Personality and Individual DiAerences, 26, 1999, 391‐393) claimed that this tells us nothing about the origins of the race diAerences because the inbreeding depression scores also correlate with IQ gains made in various countries across generations (an environmental eAect). Flynn’s conclusion, however, rested on a very circumscribed analysis. When all the data sets are considered together, a principal components analysis shows that whereas the IQ gains over time on the WISC-R and WISC-III do cluster, suggesting they are a reliable phenomenon, these are independent of the cluster of Black‐White diAerences, inbreeding depression scores, and g factor loadings. This result strongly supports the heritability of the Black‐White diAerences and contradicts Flynn’s claim that the ‘‘massive IQ gains over time’’ found in several countries prove that the Black‐White diAerences in IQ are environmental in origin. The results also provide convergent and discriminant validity for the ‘‘Jensen eAect’’ which occurs when significant correlations are found between g-factor loadings and other variables. # 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Nrf2 Is a Protective Factor against Oxidative Stresses Induced by Diesel Exhaust Particle in Allergic Asthma

Epidemiological studies have shown that air pollutants, such as diesel exhaust particle (DEP), are implicated in the increased incidence of allergic airway disorders. In vitro studies of molecular mechanisms have focused on the role of reactive oxygen species generated directly and indirectly by the exposure to DEP. Antioxidants effectively reduce the allergic inflammatory effects induced by DEP both in vitro and in vivo. On the other hand, Nrf2 is a transcription factor essential for the inducible and/or constitutive expression of phase II and antioxidant enzymes. Disruption of Nrf2 enhances susceptibility to airway inflammatory responses and exacerbation of allergic inflammation induced by DEP in mice. Host responses to DEP are regulated by a balance between antioxidants and proinflammatory responses. Nrf2 may be an important protective factor against oxidative stresses induced by DEP in airway inflammation and allergic asthma and is expected to contribute to chemoprevention against DEP health effects in susceptible individuals.
Quantitative Analysis of Font Type ’ s Effect on Reading Comprehension

This study investigates the effect that Serifs have upon the readability of text. The readability of a text is determined by words per minute, number of regressions, saccade length, and fixation time. Each participant was given a piece of text to read, the only difference being that one will have a Serif font or a Sans font. Afterwards, the main points of evaluation that was extracted are words per minute (WPM), saccade length, fixation, and regression percentage.
Cosmic star formation: constraints on the galaxy formation models

ABSTRACT We study the evolution of the cosmic star formation in the universe by computingthe luminosity density (in the UV, B, J, and K bands) and the stellar mass densityof galaxies in two reference models of galaxy evolution: the pure-luminosity evolution(PLE) model developed by Calura & Matteucci (2003) and the semi-analytical model(SAM) of hierarchical galaxy formation by Menci et al. (2002). The former includesa detailed description of the chemical evolution of galaxies of diﬀerent morphologicaltypes; it does not include any number evolution of galaxies whose number densityis normalized to the observed local value. On the other hand, the SAM includes astrong density evolution following the formation and the merging histories of the DMhaloes hosting the galaxies, as predicted by the hierarchical clustering scenario, butit does not contain morphological classiﬁcation nor chemical evolution. Our resultssuggest that at low-intermediate redshifts (z 2.5. At such redshiftsthe PLE predictions tend to overestimate the present data in the B band whereas theSAM tends to underestimate the observed UV luminosity density. As for the stellarmass density, the PLE picture predicts that nearly 50% and 85% of the present stellarmass are in place at z ∼ 4 and z ∼ 1, respectively. According to the hierarchicalSAM, 50% and 60% of the present stellar mass are completed at z ∼ 1.2 and z = 1,respectively. Both predictions ﬁt the observed stellar mass density evolution up toz = 1. At z > 1, the PLE and SAM models tend to overestimate and underestimatethe observed values, respectively. We discuss the origin of the similarities and of thediscrepanciesbetween the two models, and the role of observationaluncertainties (suchas dust extinction) in comparing models with observations.Key words: Galaxies: formation and evolution; Galaxies: fundamental parameters.
Subgraph Skyline Analysis Over Knowledge Graphs

Subgraph search is very useful in many real-world applications. However, users may be overwhelmed by the masses of matches. In this paper, we propose a subgraph skyline analysis problem, denoted as S 2A, to support more complicated analysis over graph data. Specifically, given a large graph G and a query graph q, we want to find all the subgraphs g in G, such that g is graph isomorphic to q and not dominated by any other subgraphs. In order to improve the efficiency, we devise a hybrid feature encoding incorporating both structural and numeric features based on a partitioning strategy, and discuss how to optimize the space partitioning. We also present a skylayer index to facilitate the dynamic subgraph skyline computation. Moreover, an attribute cluster-based method is proposed to deal with the curse of dimensionality. Extensive experiments over real datasets confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithm.
Natural Products from Ethnodirected Studies: Revisiting the Ethnobiology of the Zombie Poison

Wade Davis's study of Haitian “zombification” in the 1980s was a landmark in ethnobiological research. His research was an attempt to trace the origins of reports of “undead” Haitians, focusing on the preparation of the zombification poison. Starting with this influential ethnopharmacological research, this study examines advances in the pharmacology of natural products, focusing especially on those of animal-derived products. Ethnopharmacological, pharmacological, and chemical aspects are considered. We also update information on the animal species that reportedly constitute the zombie poison. Several components of the zombie powder are not unique to Haiti and are used as remedies in traditional medicine worldwide. This paper emphasizes the medicinal potential of products from zootherapy. These biological products are promising sources for the development of new drugs.
Fiber Type-Specific Satellite Cell Content in Cyclists Following Heavy Training with Carbohydrate and Carbohydrate-Protein Supplementation

The central purpose of this study was to evaluate the fiber type-specific satellite cell and myonuclear responses of endurance-trained cyclists to a block of intensified training, when supplementing with carbohydrate (CHO) vs. carbohydrate-protein (PRO). In a crossover design, endurance-trained cyclists (n = 8) performed two consecutive training periods, once supplementing with CHO (de facto “control” condition) and the other with PRO. Each training period consisted of 10 days of intensified cycle training (ICT–120% increase in average training duration) followed by 10 days of recovery (RVT–reduced volume training; 33% volume reduction vs. normal training). Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis before and after ICT and again following RVT. Immunofluorescent microscopy was used to quantify SCs (Pax7+), myonuclei (DAPI+), and myosin heavy chain I (MyHC I). Data are expressed as percent change ± 90% confidence limits. The 10-day block of ICTCHO increased MyHC I SC content (35 ± 28%) and myonuclear density (16 ± 6%), which remained elevated following RVTCHO (SC = 69 ± 50% vs. PRE; Nuclei = 17 ± 15% vs. PRE). MyHC II SC and myonuclei were not different following ICTCHO, but were higher following RVTCHO (SC = +33 ± 31% vs. PRE; Nuclei = 15 ± 14% vs. PRE), indicating a delayed response compared to MyHC I fibers. The MyHC I SC pool increased following ICTPRO (37 ± 37%), but without a concomitant increase in myonuclei. There were no changes in MyHC II SC or myonuclei following ICTPRO. Collectively, these trained endurance cyclists possessed a relatively large pool of SCs that facilitated rapid (MyHC I) and delayed (MyHC II) satellite cell proliferation and myonuclear accretion under carbohydrate conditions. The current findings strengthen the growing body of evidence demonstrating alterations in satellite cell number in the absence of hypertrophy. Satellite cell pool expansion is typically viewed as an advantageous response to exercise. However, when coupled with our previous report that PRO possibly enhanced whole muscle recovery and increased MyHC I and II fiber size, the limited satellite cell/myonuclear response observed with carbohydrate-protein seem to indicate that protein supplementation may have minimized the necessity for satellite cell involvement, thereby suggesting that protein may benefit skeletal muscle during periods of heavy training.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) POS-tagging of Historical Dutch Hupkes

We present a study of the adequacy of current methods that are used for POS-tagging historical Dutch texts, as well as an exploration of the influence of employing different techniques to improve upon the current practice. The main focus of this paper is on (unsupervised) methods that are easily adaptable for different domains without requiring extensive manual input. It was found that modernising the spelling of corpora prior to tagging them with a tagger trained on contemporary Dutch results in a large increase in accuracy, but that spelling normalisation alone is not sufficient to obtain state-of-the-art results. The best results were achieved by training a POS-tagger on a corpus automatically annotated by projecting (automatically assigned) POS-tags via word alignments from a contemporary corpus. This result is promising, as it was reached without including any domain knowledge or context dependencies. We argue that the insights of this study combined with semi-supervised learning techniques for domain adaptation can be used to develop a general-purpose diachronic tagger for Dutch.
Bandwidth ehancement for transimpedance ampilfier in CMOS process

A novel bandwidth enhancement method based on capacitive degeneration and active inductive peaking techniques is proposed. Based on this method, a CMOS Regulated Cascode (RGC) transimpedance amplifier (TIA), which is implemented with silicon based 0. 18µm 1.8V CMOS technology, is presented. Simulation results show that the transimpedance gain of the TIA is 61.23dB, the bandwidth is 5.12GHz, the average noise current spectral density is 11.4 pA / √Hz, the output eye-diagram is clean, and the power consumption is only 18.4mW.
0: Drawing Things Together -some Perspectives

It is the intention of this nal part to look back on the technical material and try to perceive some overall structure. This is done principally by developing a neural net taxonomy or classiication scheme but also by providing historical and disciplinary perspectives. This was the point of departure at the beginning of the course but we review the two paradigms again, this time in more depth and with some historical background. From the early days of computing in the late 1940s and early '50s, there have existed two approaches to the problem of developing machines which exhibitìntelligent' behaviour. One of these tries to capture knowledge in some domain as a set of atomic semantic objects or symbols, and to manipulate these according to a set of formal algorithmic rules. This symbolic-algorithmic paradigm has, over the last twenty years, represented the mainstream of research in Artiicial Intelligence, and indeed the very term`AI' is usually taken to refer to this school of thought. Concurrent with this however, has been another line of research which uses machines whose architecture is loosely based on that of the animal brain, and which learn from a training environment, rather than being preprogrammed in some high level computer language. Work with these so-called neural networks was very active in the 1960s, suuered a loss of popularity, during the '70s and early '80s, but is now enjoying a revival of interest. 1.1 The symbolic paradigm Although the rst electronic digital computers were designed to perform numerical calculations , it was apparent to the early workers that the machines they had built were also capable of manipulating symbols, since the machines themselves knew nothing of the semantics of the bit-strings stored in their memories. Thus Alan Turing speaking in 1947 about the design for the proposed Automatic Computing Engine (ACE), saw the potential to deal with complex game playing situations`Given a position in chess the machine could be made to list all the "winning combinations" to a depth of about three moves. ' quoted from 18]. The machines on which the modern AI fraternity now run their algorithms have not changed in any fundamental conceptual way from the Pilot ACE which was eventually built; all of these being examples of the classic Von Neumann architecture. Granted, there has been a speed increase of several orders of magnitude, and hardware parallelism is sometimes available, but contemporary`AI engines' are still vehicles …