Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Divergence of Thai Indigenous Pigs from Three Distinct Geographic Regions Revealed by Microsatellite Marker Analysis

Simple Summary Thai indigenous pigs (TIPs) have long been associated with the socioeconomics of Thailand’s rural communities. They have been raised mainly in three different geographic regions of Thailand: north, northeast, and south. Most of the pigs have a black coat color. However, their genotypes have not been clarified. It is important to understand the genetic background to find an appropriate strategy for sustainable breeding and conservation. The TIPs from the three regions were genetically characterized in comparison. Overall, the TIPs showed a high diversity of microsatellite alleles. They differed significantly from European and Chinese breeds. However, the TIPs are at risk of genetic erosion and are losing genetic diversity due to the integration of local wide boars and the lack of a breeding plan. An appropriate breeding program for Thai pig populations is urgently needed to maintain these indigenous pig populations. Abstract Thai indigenous pigs (TIPs) are important genetic resources. Crosses with exotic pig breeds and wild boars may cause genetic losses. To date, the physical characteristics of TIPs have been inconsistent. The classification of TIPs by genetic information is needed to pursue an appropriate conservation program. In this study, the genetic diversity, cluster analysis, and phylogenetic relationship of TIPs were investigated using twenty-nine pig microsatellite markers. Blood samples were collected from TIPs from three regions of Thailand: north (NT, n = 118), northeast (NE, n = 61), and south (ST, n = 75). The mean total number of distinct alleles and the effective number of alleles per locus were 11.851 and 5.497, respectively. The mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) and mean expected heterozygosity (He) were 0.562 and 0.837, respectively. The F values of the microsatellite loci were positive under Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium at p < 0.001, with overall mean values of Fis, Fit, and Fst of 0.247, 0.281, and 0.046, respectively. A total of 5, 5, and 17 private alleles were found at frequencies greater than 0.050 in the NT, NE, and ST pigs, respectively. Three optimal clusters (K = 3) were proposed within the TIP populations. Pigs from the NT and NE regions were mixed in two clusters, while members of the ST region were clearly separated. The phylogenetic tree confirmed that the pigs from NT and NE were each divided into two subgroups, while the pigs from ST were clustered into one group. A microsatellite analysis revealed the high genetic diversity of the TIP populations and confirmed the genetic divergence of the TIPs from the European and Chinese breeds. A genetic admixture of the TIP with the local wild boars was detected.
Separate-bias estimation with reduced-order Kalman filters

This paper presents the optimal two-stage Kalman filter for systems that involve noise-free observations and constant but unknown bias. Like the full-order separate-bias Kalman filter, this new filter provides an alternative to state vector augmentation and offers the same potential for improved numerical accuracy and reduced computational burden. When dealing with systems involving accurate, essentially noise-free measurements, this new filter offers an additional advantage, a reduction in filter order. The optimal separate-bias reduced order estimator involves a reduced order filter for estimating the state, the order equalling the number of states less the number of observations.
Numerical Multimode Thru-Line (TL) Calibration Technique for Substrate Integrated Waveguide Circuits

In this work, the conventional numerical thru-line (TL) calibration technique is generalized to extract the network parameters of a discontinuity in a frequency range in which higher order modes can propagate. The generalization is achieved by a new matrix formulation based on an efficient decomposition of the involved matrices into submatrices. First, a full-wave solver is used to determine the scattering parameters of a discontinuity with respect to reference plane on a standard waveguide such as the rectangular waveguide. Then, by applying the proposed multimode TL calibration, the generalized scattering parameters of the discontinuity are obtained with respect to the reference planes chosen on the connecting guide e.g., substrate integrated waveguide. As will be shown, the method greatly saves computation time in an analysis of cascaded discontinuities.
Multipolar development of vector potential for parallel wires. Application to the study of eddy currents effects in transformer windings

An analytical method for solving two-dimensional electromagnetic problems is presented. First, the classical multipolar development is adapted to translation unvarying systems. Second, the link between imaginary parts of the complex Poynting vector and complex power is clarified. Then, using both extensions, a simple expression for complex power of any two-dimensional device is derived. To validate these methods, two devices subjected to an external uniform magnetic field are studied: a cylindrical wire alone and a layer of such wires. Analytical results are compared with those given by electromagnetic simulation software. The dipolar approximation is proven to be accurate enough to investigate the wire layer. It leads to simple formulas that can be used for transformer windings. >
Design of a Switchable Filter for Reflectionless-Bandpass-to-Reflectionless-Bandstop Responses

In this paper, a switchable filter based on the microstrip line (ML) with reflectionless-bandpass-to-reflectionless-bandstop responses is designed, theoretically validated, and fabricated. This single-port reflectionless bandpass filter (R-BPF) consists of a BPF and a shunt-connected bandstop section with terminated absorption resistors. The single-port reflectionless bandstop filter (R-BSF) is made of a BSF and a parallel bandpass circuit with terminated absorption resistors. These two reflectionless operational modes, namely R-BPF and R-BSF, are allowed to reconfigure the multifunctional filtering device using PIN diodes. In addition, a theoretical analysis of terminal impedance is performed to illustrate the working mechanism of the reflectionless response. To demonstrate the application of the proposed designs, a prototype of the switchable filter for R-BPF to R-BSF responses is fabricated and measured. For the R-BPF mode, the 3-dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) is 36.75% (1.67–2.42 GHz) with a 10-dB reflectionless bandwidth (RBW) of 1.36–2.58 GHz (i.e., FBW of 61.9%). For the R-BSF mode, the 10-dB bandwidth is 13% (1.85–2.11 GHz) with a 10.7-dB RBW of 1–3 GHz (i.e., FBW of 100%). An acceptable agreement between the measured and simulated results has been achieved.
Calculation of the Nearfield Pressure Induced by Vibrating Circular Plates

This paper deals with the determination of the nearfield pressure distribution induced by a circular radiator set in an infinite, plane, rigid baffle. Calculations are made in the present study for two deformable radiators (a clamped plate and a membrane or simply supported plate) and for a rigid piston. It is shown that the nearfield pressure distribution for the clamped and simply supported plate radiators differs greatly from the distribution obtained in the case of a rigid piston. In light of these considerations, the analysis and data presented in this paper could prove useful in the design of acoustic transducers.
Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods Fail to Improve Vitamin A and Iron Status Meaningfully during Treatment for Severe Acute Malnutrition in 6–59-Month-old Cambodian Children

Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) remains a global health concern. Studies on the impact of ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTFs) on micronutrient status during SAM treatment are almost nonexistent. The objective was to investigate the impact of RUTFs on the iron and vitamin A status of 6–59-month-old children receiving SAM treatment. Biomarkers of vitamin A status (retinol-binding protein, RBP), iron status (ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor, sTfR), and inflammation (C-reactive protein, CRP, and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, AGP) were collected at admission and discharge (week 8) during an RUTF effectiveness trial. Vitamin A deficiency was defined as RBP <0.70 µmol/L, low body iron as body iron (BI) <0 mg/kg and deficient iron stores as ferritin <12 µg/L. Data were available for 110 and 75 children at admission and discharge, respectively. There was no significant difference in haemoglobin, ferritin, sTfR, BI or RBP concentrations between admission and discharge. At discharge, BI was 0.2 mg/kg lower, and there was a tendency towards a slightly lower RBP concentration, but the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was low at admission and discharge (6% and 3%, respectively). The small impact of both RUTFs on improving vitamin A and iron status during SAM treatment calls for further research on the bioavailability of micronutrients to enhance the effectiveness of SAM treatment on micronutrient status.
Evaluation of torque ripple in high performance synchronous reluctance machines

Synchronous reluctance motors with multiple-segment rotor structures are considered. The presence of stator slots is taken into account with respect to torque ripple. An analytical model is presented, based on magnetic interaction between d and q axes, due to stator toothing. The effect of skewing is also considered. Its partial effect on torque ripple reduction due to the rotor anisotropy is shown. A closed expression for the torque is obtained, giving the torque ripple as a function of design parameters. Experimental verification of the proposed model is given based on measurements on prototype motors. <<ETX>>
Improved production of class I lanthipeptides in Escherichia coli

Lanthipeptides are ribosomally synthesised and post-translationally modified peptides containing lanthionine (Lan) and methyllanthionine (MeLan) residues that are formed by dehydration of Ser/Thr residues followed by conjugate addition of Cys to the resulting dehydroamino acids. Class I lanthipeptide dehydratases utilize glutamyl-tRNAGlu as a co-substrate to glutamylate Ser/Thr followed by glutamate elimination. Here we report a new system to heterologously express class I lanthipeptides in Escherichia coli through co-expression of the producing organism's glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GluRS) and tRNAGlu pair in the vector pEVOL. In contrast to the results in the absence of the pEVOL system, we observed the production of fully-dehydrated peptides, including epilancin 15X, and peptides from the Bacteroidota Chryseobacterium and Runella. A second common obstacle to production of lanthipeptides in E. coli is the formation of glutathione adducts. LanC-like (LanCL) enzymes were previously reported to add glutathione to dehydroamino-acid-containing proteins in Eukarya. Herein, we demonstrate that the LanCL enzymes can remove GSH adducts from C-glutathionylated peptides with dl- or ll-lanthionine stereochemistry. These two advances will aid synthetic biology-driven genome mining efforts to discover new lanthipeptides.
Asymptomatic Lead Poisoning in a Pediatric Patient

Lead poisoning is a harmful condition, potentially resulting in irreversible impairments in neurocognition and behavioral development in the pediatric population. Rarely, life-threatening complications may ensue. We report a case of an asymptomatic four-year-old patient presenting with elevated lead levels (74.7 µg/dL) detected on routine blood lead screening at a well-child examination. The patient has a history significant for atopic disease, namely atopic dermatitis, seasonal allergic rhinitis, and food allergies. Overall, the asymptomatic nature of lead poisoning warrants judicious screening in the pediatric population due to the potential for neurologic complications.
Canonical systems of differential equations with self-adjoint interface conditions on graphs

For n canonical systems of differential equations, the corresponding n copies of their domain (0, ∞) are thought of as a graph with vertex 0. An interface condition at 0 is given by a so-called Nevanlinna pair. Explicit formulae are deduced for the spectral representation of the corresponding underlying self-adjoint relation and the generalized Fourier transformation. Furthermore, results on compressions of the Fourier transformation to closed linear subspaces and the multiplicity of the eigenvalues if the spectrum is discrete are presented
MAGNETO-OPTIC EFFECTS IN NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTAL DOPED WITH AZO-DYES

Nematic liquid crystal cells were subjected to different DC magnetic fields and the optical transmission of a He-Ne laser beam was recorded for different field values. It was found that a small addition of Methyl Orange (MO) induced optical activity into the nematic sample. When the cells were subjected to increasing magnetic field, the rotatory power (rotation angle) varied periodically; the same occurred for the light transmission and ellipticity. We found that the light emerging from the liquid crystal cell is elliptically polarized and in some cases circularly polarized. After UV light irradiation (365 nm) the rotatory power of the sample increases. The position of rotation angle maxima and minima is slightly affected by the irradiation.
Distinguishing Healthy and Carcinoma Cell Cultures Using Fluorescence Spectra Decomposition with a Genetic-Algorithm-Based Code

In this paper, we analysed the steady state fluorescence spectra of cell suspensions containing healthy and carcinoma fibroblast mouse cells, using a genetic-algorithm-spectra-decomposition software (GASpeD). In contrast to other deconvolution algorithms, such as polynomial or linear unmixing software, GASpeD takes into account light scatter. In cell suspensions, light scatter plays an important role as it depends on the number of cells, their size, shape, and coagulation. The measured fluorescence spectra were normalized, smoothed and deconvoluted into four peaks and background. The wavelengths of intensities’ maxima of lipopigments (LR), FAD, and free/bound NAD(P)H (AF/AB) of the deconvoluted spectra matched published data. In deconvoluted spectra at pH = 7, the fluorescence intensities of the AF/AB ratio in healthy cells was always higher in comparison to carcinoma cells. In addition, the AF/AB ratio in healthy and carcinoma cells were influenced differently by changes in pH. In mixtures of healthy and carcinoma cells, AF/AB decreases when more than 13% of carcinoma cells are present. Expensive instrumentation is not required, and the software is user friendly. Due to these attributes, we hope that this study will be a first step in the development of new cancer biosensors and treatments with the use of optical fibers.
Physical modeling and numerical computation of magnetostriction

Purpose – Magnetostrictive alloys are widely used in actuator and sensor applications. The purpose of this paper is to developed a realistic physical model and a numerical computational scheme for their precise computation.Design/methodology/approach – The main step in the physical modeling is the decomposition of the mechanical strain and the magnetic induction into a reversible and an irreversible part. For the efficient solution of the arising coupled nonlinear partial differential equations the authors apply the finite element method.Findings – It can be demonstrated, that the hysteresis operators can be fitted by appropriate measurements. Therewith, the developed physical model and numerical simulation scheme is applicable for the design of magnetostrictive actuators and sensors.Originality/value – The decomposition of the mechanical strain and the magnetic induction into a reversible and an irreversible part. The reversible part is described by the linear magnetostrictive constitutive equations, whe.
Layout optimization with h‐adaptivity of structures

In this paper, we propose a new procedure for the layout optimization of structures making use of h‐adaptive methods. The method combines the topology optimization and the existing h‐adaptive finite element methods in order to: (i) improve the definition of the material boundary, i.e. the contour between the material and void regions; (ii) reduce the effective number of design variables; and (iii) bound the relative solution error. The refinement strategy is applied to a given element if: (a) the measure of the quality of the element is below a given lower bound; (b) the element is a ‘material element’ or has a side which forms the ‘material boundary’ of the given optimum layout; and (c) the element average error estimate is larger than a multiple of the average error of the mesh. After the h‐adaptive refinement, the mesh quality is improved with the application of a conditional Laplacian smoothing process. The formulation of the optimization problem is defined by the minimization of the compliance of the structure subjected to a volume and side constraints. The design variable is then the average density of the material, which is considered to be constant within each finite element. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does the Level of Air Pollution Affect the Incidence of Lung Adenocarcinoma in South-Eastern Poland?

The aim of this study was to assess the association of long-term exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter, PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2 as well as CO, with lung adenocarcinoma (AD) in south-east Poland for the years from 2004 to 2014. The study group consisted of 4296 patients with lung adenocarcinoma and the level of selected pollutants. To analyse the data, a standard statistics for cohort data, that is a risk ratio (RR), was used. The dependencies occurring in the distribution of pollutants and cancer incidence were examined using Moran’s I correlation coefficient. The current study suggests that PM10, NO2 and SO2 exposure as an air pollutant may increase female lung adenocarcinoma incidence. In men, the increased risk of adenocarcinoma lung cancer is affected by SO2 and PM10. A high morbidity rate in urban areas and suburbs may be connected with commuting from moderately polluted living areas to highly polluted working areas.
Methodology and Subsequent Analysis of Polymer Filament Production from PEEK Material With a Ceramic Admixture

: The aim of the presented article is to describe the process of filaments production from the material of pure PEEK as well as from PEEK mixed with the ceramic component HA and TCP and subsequently its analysis. The analysis of the filament consisted in the analysis of the diameter of the produced filament, the distribution of the ceramic component in the produced filament, as well as the biological test of cytotoxicity after the extrusion process. In the analysis of the filament diameter, descriptive statistics were used to detect the thickness of the entire filament produced. Electron microscopy using SM and SEM modes was used to analyse the distribution of the ceramic component in the produced filament. The cytotoxicity biological assay was performed using the L929 cell line according to ISO 1099-5. The results of the filament diameter analysis show average values of pure PEEK of 1.7501 ± 0.032 mm and for PEEK with a ceramic component of 1.7503 ± 0.041 mm. Analysis of the distribution of the ceramic component showed irregular filler particles with a size of 1 to 2 μm in the produced filament. EDX analysis showed a distribution of calcium and silicon in the filament. The cytotoxicity assay showed higher values from the reference value using 100% and 75% extraction. From the presented analyses of the produced filament, it can be stated that the diameter of the filament meets the required quality for the 3D printing process. In terms of ceramic component distribution analysis, smaller clumps were detected but these clumps were evenly distributed in all samples. The cytotoxicity test showed that the extrusion process did not affect the cytotoxicity of the produced filament.
Tooth Whitening with Hydroxyapatite: A Systematic Review

A steadily increasing public demand for whiter teeth has resulted in the development of new oral care products for home use. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a new ingredient to whiten teeth. This systematic review focuses on the evidence of whether HAP can effectively whiten teeth. A systematic search using the PICO approach and PRISMA guidelines was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SciFinder, and Google Scholar as databases. All study designs (in vitro, in vivo) and publications in foreign language studies were included. Of the 279 study titles that the searches produced, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. A new “Quality Assessment Tool For In Vitro Studies” (the QUIN Tool) was used to determine the risk of bias of the 13 studies conducted in vitro. Moreover, 12 out of 13 studies had a low risk of bias. The in vivo studies were assigned Cochrane-based GRADE scores. The results in vitro and in vivo were consistent in the direction of showing a statistically significant whitening of enamel. The evidence from in vitro studies is rated overall as having a low risk of bias. The evidence from in vivo clinical trials is supported by modest clinical evidence based on six preliminary clinical trials. It can be concluded that the regular use of hydroxyapatite-containing oral care products effectively whitens teeth, but more clinical trials are required to support the preliminary in vivo evidence.
Modeling Blast Crisis Using Mutagenized Chronic Myeloid Leukemia-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)

Purpose: To model CML progression in vitro and generate a blast crisis (BC-CML) model in vitro in order to identify new targets. Methods: Three different CML-derived iPSC lines were mutagenized with the alkylating agent ENU on a daily basis for 60 days. Cells were analyzed at D12 of hematopoietic differentiation for their phenotype, clonogenicity, and transcriptomic profile. Single-cell RNA-Seq analysis has been performed at three different time points during hematopoietic differentiation in ENU-treated and untreated cells. Results: One of the CML-iPSCs, compared to its non-mutagenized counterpart, generated myeloid blasts after hematopoietic differentiation, exhibiting monoblastic patterns and expression of cMPO, CD45, CD34, CD33, and CD13. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed a delay of differentiation in the mutated condition as compared to the control with increased levels of MSX1 (mesodermal marker) and a decrease in CD45 and CD41. Bulk transcriptomics analyzed along with the GSE4170 GEO dataset reveal a significant overlap between ENU-treated cells and primary BC cells. Among overexpressed genes, CD25 was identified, and its relevance was confirmed in a cohort of CML patients. Conclusions: iPSCs are a valuable tool to model CML progression and to identify new targets. Here, we show the relevance of CD25 identified in the iPSC model as a marker of CML progression.
Study on high temperature Fabry–Perot fiber acoustic sensor with temperature self-compensation

Abstract. A Fabry–Perot (F-P) fiber acoustic sensor, which can work under high-temperature harsh environment with temperature self-compensation, is designed and prepared. A condenser was used to maintain the sensor to work in a stable temperature environment. Because of the special structure of the sensor and the function of the condenser, the cavity variation of the sensor caused by changes of external temperature from −10°C to 500°C would not exceed 8 nm. The experimental results show that the sensor has a good frequency response in a range of 1 to 5 kHz and the field experiment results show that it could be used for hydraulic decoking online monitoring by judging the acoustic frequency spectrum.