Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review on Intelligent Traffic ManagementSystem Based on VANET

The reason behind to choose this topic is to make awareness in everyone and also fruitful for future point of scope. As we know that the vehicle population increases daily this leads towards the accidents. So to overcome this issue VANET [Vehicular Ad Hoc Network] has come with lot of ideas such as vehicular communication, traffic controlling, Navigation and other application in VANET. In this paper we are focusing on accident prevention and traffic signal control for ambulance, police van, and normal vehicles too. To overcome this we have implemented a highway model, intersection model that manages vehicle mobility and shows the actual communication between vehicle to vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I). In this paper we are going to through some light on the pervious researchers done in the area and will compare various drawbacks of these researches.
Leininger’s Ethnonursing Research Methodology and Studies of Cancer Survivors

The purpose of this article is to present the findings of a literature review regarding the use of Leininger’s ethnonursing research methodology (ENRM) in studies addressing adult cancer survivors. It is important to learn about differences and similarities among cancer survivors’ experiences so that patient-centered, culturally congruent care can be provided. A review of the literature was conducted using databases such as CINAHL and MEDLINE. Search terms included variations on ENRM and cancer survivors. The results were a small number of published studies that used the ENRM examining breast cancer survivors’ perceptions and experiences. A review instrument was developed to estimate study quality based on established criteria. The studies are critiqued in relation to the theory-based methodology, evaluation criteria for qualitative research, and study findings are summarized. The author concludes that although there is a paucity of research using ENRM with adult cancer survivors, the preliminary findings of the included studies contribute to what is known about breast cancer survivors. Implications for research include recommendations to increase the use of ENRM to discover the universal and diverse experiences of care practices in adult cancer survivors and use the evidence to develop patient-centered, culturally congruent, quality care for cancer survivors.
Breeding chronology of Marbled Murrelets varies between coastal and inshore sites in southern British Columbia

Abstract We used four methods to compare the breeding chronologies of Marbled Murrelet at two sites at similar latitudes in British Columbia: Desolation Sound on the mainland, inshore of the Strait of Georgia, and Clayoquot Sound on the west coast of Vancouver Island. At both sites, we estimated breeding chronologies from the timing of (1) nest initiation dates determined by radio-telemetry, (2) the chick feeding period determined from observations of fish-holding adults, (3) hatch dates determined from observations of juveniles on the water, and (4) brood patch scores determined from captured birds. At Desolation Sound, these methods each produced a similar distribution of nesting dates, but at Clayoquot Sound, the distribution of nesting dates of radio-tracked birds were substantially biased towards later nests. Despite these methodological difficulties, we found that Marbled Murrelets at Desolation Sound bred ca. 30 d later than at Clayoquot Sound. Regional differences in breeding chronology of this magnitude, if not properly calibrated, would bias estimates of peak inland activity, and should be considered in forestry operations, the interpretation of census data, and the design of monitoring programs.
Investigation of cross-frequency phase-amplitude coupling in visuomotor networks using magnetoencephalography

Cross-frequency phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) within large neuronal populations is hypothesized to play a functional role in information processing in a range of cognitive tasks. The goal of our study was to examine the putative role of PAC in the brain networks that mediate continuous visuomotor control. We estimated the cortical activity that mediates visuomotor control via magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings in 15 healthy volunteers. We extracted the cortical signal amplitudes and phases at the frequencies of interest by means of band-pass filtering followed by Hilbert transforms. To quantify task-related changes of PAC, we implemented a technique based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence. The choice of this technique among others was based on the results of comparisons performed on simulations of coupled sources in various noise conditions. The application of PAC to the MEG data revealed a significant task-related increase in coupling between the phase of delta (2-5 Hz) and the amplitude of high-gamma (60-90 Hz) oscillations in the occipital and parietal cortices as well as in the cerebellum. Remarkably, when comparing PAC in the early trials to PAC recorded towards the end of the experiment we found a significant increase in delta-high-gamma coupling over time in the superior parietal lobule, possibly reflecting visuomotor adaptation processes. Our results suggest that, in addition to power modulations, cross-frequency interactions play a key role in visuomotor behavior.
Moisture transfer of clothing-human body system during continu- ous sweating under radiant heat

Mass transfer due to perspired moisture in clothing system is critical for the understanding of thermophysiology and thermal protection of clothed body. Previous studies usually investigated moisture transfer without considering the effect of liquid sweating or external heat hazards. To understand mechanisms of sweat evaporation, accumulation and dripping with continuous sweating under radiant heat, a multiphase experiment was designed with a sweating Torso. The concept of clothed wettedness was proposed to understand sweat evaporation of clothed body. Results showed that the evaporation rate of clothed body increased with increasing perspiration rate and the rate increase can be explained by material properties which affected sweat accumulation ability (e.g., material composition, material hydrophilicity and evaporative resistance (RReeee)). Results also demonstrated a dual relationship of RReeee with the evaporation rate of clothed body. First, evaporation rate was increased for greater RReeee due to the higher moisture accumulation. Second, when RReeee exceeded a certain value, evaporation rate decreased with greater RReeee due to the reduction in the mass transfer coefficient. For radiant heat exposure, evaporated sweat may condense on the skin surface, decreasing the evaporation rate and increasing the dripping rate. The sweat transfer process was also investigated in detail by the combined analysis of sweat transfer rate and evaporative cooling efficiency. The study provides insights into how continuous liquid sweat transfers and evaporates in clothed body and its interaction with clothing material and environment radiant heat, contributing to the understanding of thermo-physiological burden and thermal protection of clothed body with intensive activities.
Regulation of transient Na+ conductance by intra‐ and extracellular K+ in the human delayed rectifier K+ channel Kv1.5

1 Significant Na+ conductance has been described in only a few native and cloned K+ channels, but has been used to characterize inactivation and K+ binding within the permeation pathway, and to refine models of K+ flux through multi‐ion pores. Here we use Na+ permeation of the delayed rectifier K+ channel Kv1.5 to study extra‐ and intracellular K+ (K+o and K+i, respectively) regulation of conductance and inactivation, using whole‐cell recording from human embryonic kidney (HEK)‐293 cells. 2 Kv1.5 Na+ currents in the absence of K+o and K+i were confirmed by: (i) resistance of outward Na+ currents to dialysis by K+‐free solutions; (ii) tail current reversal potential changes with Na+o with a slope of 55·8 mV per decade; (iii) block by 4‐aminopyridine (50 % at 50 μM), and resistance to Cl− channel inhibition. 3 Na+ currents were transient followed by a small sustained current. An envelope test confirmed that activated Kv1.5 channels conducted Na+, and that rapid current decay reflected C‐type inactivation. Sustained currents (≈13 % of peak) represented Na+ flux through inactivated Kv1.5 channels. 4 K+o could modulate the maximum available Na+ conductance in the stable cell line while channels were closed. Before the first pulse of a train, increasing K+o concentration increased the subsequent Na+ conductance from ≈15 (0 mM K+o) to 30 nS (5 mM K+o), with a Kd of 23 μM. Repeated low rate depolarizations in Na+i/Na+o solutions induced a use‐dependent loss of Kv1.5 channel Na+ conductance, distinct from that caused by C‐type inactivation. K+o binding that sensed little of the electric field could prevent this secondary loss of available Kv1.5 channels with a Kd of 230 μM. These two effects on conductance were both voltage independent, and had no effect on channel inactivation rate. 5 K+o concentrations ≥ 0·3 mM slowed the inactivation rate in a strongly voltage‐dependent manner. This suggested it could compete for binding at a K+ site or sites deeper in the pore, as well as restoring the Na+ conductance. K+i was able to modulate the inactivation rate but was unable to affect conductance. 6 Mutation of arginine 487 in the outer pore region of the channel to valine (R487V) greatly reduced C‐type inactivation in Na+ solutions, caused loss of channel use dependence, and prevented any conductance increase upon the addition of 0·1 mM K+o. Our results confirm the existence of a high affinity binding site at the selectivity filter that regulates inactivation, and also reveals the presence of at least one additional high affinity outer mouth site that predominantly regulates conductance of resting channels, and protects channels activated by depolarization when they conduct Na+.
Optimization of analog circuits via simulation and a Lagrangian-type gradient-based method

We propose a new method for determining the physical sizes of components in an electrical circuit that maximize some primary performance measure while satisfying some conditions on the secondary performance measures. The proposed method is based on the observation that the performance measures are unimodal and smooth. Thus, it focuses on a local search and applies a Lagrangian method to search for a local optimum. The proposed method has advantages over existing methods because it does not rely on approximate formulas for the performance measures, like other equation-based methods do, and finds the “exact” optimal solution by calling an electrical circuit simulator, such as SPICE, at each iteration to evaluate the performance measures and to compute their gradients. The proposed method also enjoys fast convergence because it focuses on a local search rather than global searches. Numerical experiments illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in a one-stage operational amplifier.
The Prosodic Effects on Taiwan Min Tones

Two experiments were performed to observe the effects of prosody on tones in Taiwan Min. Experiment 1 was a production test in which the subjects were asked to pronounce a series of sentences in the form of 阿發 ABC 做等路, in which three syllable phrases (ABC) were filled in. The first test syllable (A) was either 賣 or 買, the sandhi tones of which are [be21] and [be55] respectively. The second syllable (B) was [l] in four sandhi tones ([55], [33], [21], [51]). The third syllable (C) was either 禮 or 螺, the base tones of which are [le51] and [le24]. F0 measurements were taken and we found that the perseverative coarticulation effect was significantly stronger than the anticipatory coarticulation effect. In Experiment 2, the stimuli produced by one of the subjects in Experiment 1 were used. The three syllables (ABC) produced in Experiment 1 were excised and pasted and submitted to the subjects for perceptual judgments. It was found that about one-third of the items were misjudged except in the case where the target syllable was the [21] tone. The cause of the misperception was found to be the replacement of the first syllable.
Fast Texture-Based Form Factor Calculations for Radiosity Using Graphics Hardware

Abstract This paper describes a method that speeds up hemicube rendering by using texture maps to discretize a scene instead of geometric meshing. The method avoids subdivision of input surfaces and takes advantage of hardware texture mapping in order to accelerate form factor calculations. By using the method, we are able to compute finite-element progressive radiosity significantly faster than when using traditional meshing.
Turbo decoding in ISI channels

Turbo codes are family of forward error correcting codes, whose performance is near Shannon limit. Turbo decoding is based on the maximum a-posterior algorithm (MAP) algorithm. In this paper, the problem of turbo decoding in ISI channel is studied. A Super-trellis structure method has been presented and modified turbo decoding is suggested. Two methods have been suggested for turbo decoding in ISI channel. In the first method, we take all possible combinations of output of encoder-2 and in method-2, output of each encoder is passed through channel filter independently. Method-2 performs better than method-1 but requires higher bandwidth. The improvement in performance is demonstrated through simulations.
Graphene as signal amplifier for preparation of ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensors

Early diagnosis of diseases with minimal cost and time-consumption has become achievable due to recent advances in the development of biosensors. These devices use biorecognition elements for the selective interaction with an analyte and the signal read-out is obtained via different types of transducers. The operational characteristics of biosensors have been reported as improving substantially when a diverse range of nanomaterials is employed. This review presents the construction of electrochemical biosensors based on graphene, atomically thin 2D carbon crystals, a nanomaterial currently the subject of intensive studies. Here, the most attractive directions for graphene applications in biosensor preparation are discussed, including novel detection and amplification schemes exploiting graphene’s unique electrochemical, physical and chemical properties. There is probably a very bright future for graphene-based biosensors, but much further work is required to fulfill the high expectations.
Empirically Detecting False Test Alarms Using Association Rules

Applying code changes to software systems and testing these code changes can be a complex task that involves many different types of software testing strategies, e.g. system and integration tests. However, not all test failures reported during code integration are hinting towards code defects. Testing large systems such as the Microsoft Windows operating system requires complex test infrastructures, which may lead to test failures caused by faulty tests and test infrastructure issues. Such false test alarms are particular annoying as they raise engineer attention and require manual inspection without providing any benefit. The goal of this work is to use empirical data to minimize the number of false test alarms reported during system and integration testing. To achieve this goal, we use association rule learning to identify patterns among failing test steps that are typically for false test alarms and can be used to automatically classify them. A successful classification of false test alarms is particularly valuable for product teams as manual test failure inspection is an expensive and time-consuming process that not only costs engineering time and money but also slows down product development. We evaluating our approach on system and integration tests executed during Windows 8.1 and Microsoft Dynamics AX development. Performing more than 10,000 classifications for each product, our model shows a mean precision between 0.85 and 0.90 predicting between 34% and 48% of all false test alarms.
Early Virus-Host Interactions Dictate the Course of a Persistent Infection

Many persistent viral infections are characterized by a hypofunctional T cell response and the upregulation of negative immune regulators. These events occur days after the initiation of infection. However, the very early host-virus interactions that determine the establishment of viral persistence remain poorly uncharacterized. Here we show that to establish persistence, LCMV must counteract an innate anti-viral immune response within eight hours after infection. While the virus triggers cytoplasmic RNA sensing pathways soon after infection, LCMV counteracts this pathway through a rapid increase in viral titers leading to a dysfunctional immune response characterized by a high cytokine and chemokine expression profile. This altered immune environment allows for viral replication in the splenic white pulp as well as infection of immune cells essential to an effective anti-viral immune response. Our findings illustrate how early events during infection critically dictate the characteristics of the immune response to infection and facilitate either virus control and clearance or persistence.
Pygopus Residues Required for its Binding to Legless Are Critical for Transcription and Development*

Pygopus and Legless/Bcl-9 are recently discovered core components of the Wnt signaling pathway that are required for the transcriptional activity of Armadillo/β-catenin and T cell factors. It has been proposed that they are part of a tri-partite adaptor chain (Armadillo>Legless>Pygopus) that recruits transcriptional co-activator complexes to DNA-bound T cell factor. Here, we identify four conserved residues at the putative PHD domain surface of Drosophila and mouse Pygopus that are required for their binding to Legless in vitro and in vivo. The same residues are also critical for the transactivation potential of DNA-tethered Pygopus in transfected mammalian cells and for rescue activity of pygopus mutant embryos. These residues at the Legless>Pygopus interface thus define a specific molecular target for blocking Wnt signaling during development and cancer.
FRONTIER FIELDS: HIGH-REDSHIFT PREDICTIONS AND EARLY RESULTS

The Frontier Fields program is obtaining deep Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescope images of new “blank” fields and nearby fields gravitationally lensed by massive galaxy clusters. The Hubble images of the lensed fields are revealing nJy sources (AB mag > 31), the faintest galaxies yet observed. The full program will transform our understanding of galaxy evolution in the first 600 million years (z > 9). Previous programs have yielded a dozen or so z > 9 candidates, including perhaps fewer than expected in the Ultra Deep Field and more than expected in shallower Hubble images. In this paper, we present high-redshift (z > 6) number count predictions for the Frontier Fields and candidates in three of the first Hubble images. We show the full Frontier Fields program may yield up to ∼70 z > 9 candidates (∼6 per field). We base this estimate on an extrapolation of luminosity functions observed between 4 < z < 8 and gravitational lensing models submitted by the community. However, in the first two deep infrared Hubble images obtained to date, we find z ∼ 8 candidates but no strong candidates at z > 9. We defer quantitative analysis of the z > 9 deficit (including detection completeness estimates) to future work including additional data. At these redshifts, cosmic variance (field-to-field variation) is expected to be significant (greater than ±50%) and include clustering of early galaxies formed in overdensities. The full Frontier Fields program will significantly mitigate this uncertainty by observing six independent sightlines each with a lensing cluster and nearby blank field.
Adolescents' Social Cognitive Beliefs about Misbehavior in School

The present study examined differences in social cognitive beliefs about school misbehavior and school authority among fifty-two seventh grade students (M age = 13.04 years). Participants provided self-report ratings of their actual engagement in school transgressions, which, along with teacher ratings, resulted in the creation of “frequent misbehavers” (N = 22) and “non-misbehavers” (N = 30) groups. Using a semi-structured interview, participants were asked to make judgments regarding the legitimacy of engaging in various school transgressions and to provide justifications for each judgment. Responses were coded and interpreted within the framework of the social domain theory (Turiel, 1983). As predicted, the results indicated that misbehaving students rejected school authority to regulate rules governing school misbehavior, instead asserting personal jurisdiction over these issues. It was also found that misbehaving students were more likely to justify their engagement in misbehavior using personal and pragmatic reasoning and less likely to appeal to conventional and prudential reasoning in their justifications. 3 Adolescents’ Social Cognitive Beliefs about Misbehavior in School The current study examined ways in which middle adolescents reason about and justify their opinions regarding common school misbehaviors and classroom disruptions. Using the assumptions and methodologies suggested by the social domain theory (Turiel, 1983, 2002), judgments and justifications of frequently misbehaving and non-misbehaving students were directly compared using a semi-structured interview. Students were also asked to describe their reasoning regarding various rules governing common school misbehaviors and the legitimacy of the school’s authority to make and enforce those rules.
Sharp Bounds on Davenport-Schinzel Sequences of Every Order

One of the longest-standing open problems in computational geometry is bounding the complexity of the lower envelope of n univariate functions, each pair of which crosses at most s times, for some fixed s. This problem is known to be equivalent to bounding the length of an order-s Davenport-Schinzel sequence, namely, a sequence over an n-letter alphabet that avoids alternating subsequences of the form a … b … a … b … with length s+2. These sequences were introduced by Davenport and Schinzel in 1965 to model a certain problem in differential equations and have since been applied to bound the running times of geometric algorithms, data structures, and the combinatorial complexity of geometric arrangements. Let λs(n) be the maximum length of an order-s DS sequence over n letters. What is λs asymptotically? This question has been answered satisfactorily [Hart and Sharir 1986; Agarwal et al. 1989; Klazar 1999; Nivasch 2010], when s is even or s≤ 3. However, since the work of Agarwal et al. in the mid-1980s, there has been a persistent gap in our understanding of the odd orders. In this work, we effectively close the problem by establishing sharp bounds on Davenport-Schinzel sequences of every order s. Our results reveal that, contrary to one's intuition, λs(n) behaves essentially like λs-1(n) when s is odd. This refutes conjectures by Alon et al. [2008] and Nivasch [2010].