Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heuristics for a One-Warehouse Multiretailer Distribution Problem with Performance Bounds

We investigate the one warehouse multiretailer distribution problem with traveling salesman tour vehicle routing costs. We model the system in the framework of the more general production/distribution system with arbitrary non-negative monotone joint order costs. We develop polynomial time heuristics whose policy costs are provably close to the cost of an optimal policy. In particular, we show that given a submodular function which is close to the true order cost then we can find a power-of-two policy whose cost is only moderately greater than the cost of an optimal policy. Since such submodular approximations exist for traveling salesman tour vehicle routing costs we present a detailed description of heuristics for the one warehouse multiretailer distribution problem. We formulate a nonpolynomial dynamic program that computes optimal power-of-two policies for the one warehouse multiretailer system assuming only that the order costs are non-negative monotone. Finally, we perform computational tests which compare our heuristics to optimal power of two policies for problems of up to sixteen retailers. We also perform computational tests on larger problems; these tests give us insight into what policies one should employ.
Years Lost in Anesthesia Theory

The recent discovery of the “Stress Repair Mechanism” (SRM) enables the Unified Theory of Medicine postulated by Hans Selye. It confers cohesive theories of anesthesia, analgesia, and allostasis that enable the alteration of anesthetic technique to optimize surgical outcome. The SRM continuously maintains and repairs the vertebrate body in accord with stressful forces and stimuli. Three synergistic pathways activate the SRM: the spinal pathway, the cognitive pathway, and the tissue pathway. Emotional mechanisms modulate the cognitive pathway, which explains allostasis. Surgery simultaneously stimulates all three synergistic pathways, causing harmful SRM hyperactivity that manifests as the Surgical Stress Syndrome. Anesthesia inhibits the cognitive pathway. Analgesia inhibits the spinal pathway. Synergistic combinations of anesthesia and analgesia minimize SRM hyperactivity better than either alone. This principle improves outcome, simplifies anesthetic technique, and minimizes polypharmacy and drug toxicity. Once verified, stress theory will advance surgical safety, accelerate recovery, minimize complications, reduce costs, enhance patient comfort, and guide pharmaceutical development to discover treatments that inhibit the tissue pathway, and thereby eliminate surgical stress altogether.
A Method for Correcting Errors in Speech Recognition using the Statistical Features of Character Co-occurrence

It is important to correct the errors in the results of speech recognition to increase the performance of a speech translation system. This paper proposes a method for correcting errors using the statistical features of character co-occurrence, and evaluates the method.The proposed method comprises two successive correcting processes. The first process uses pairs of strings: the first string is an erroneous substring of the utterance predicted by speech recognition, the second string is the corresponding section of the actual utterance. Errors are detected and corrected according to the database learned from erroneous-correct utterance pairs. The remaining errors are passed to the posterior process which uses a string in the corpus that is similar to the string including recognition errors.The results of our evaluation show that the use of our proposed method as a post-processor for speech recognition is likely to make a significant contribution to the performance of speech translation systems.
Machine Learning Algorithms for Automatic Classification of Marmoset Vocalizations

Automatic classification of vocalization type could potentially become a useful tool for acoustic the monitoring of captive colonies of highly vocal primates. However, for classification to be useful in practice, a reliable algorithm that can be successfully trained on small datasets is necessary. In this work, we consider seven different classification algorithms with the goal of finding a robust classifier that can be successfully trained on small datasets. We found good classification performance (accuracy > 0.83 and F1-score > 0.84) using the Optimum Path Forest classifier. Dataset and algorithms are made publicly available.
A Novel SVM-Based Blind Super-Resolution Algorithm

In this paper, we propose a novel support vector machines (SVM)-based method of blind super-resolution (SR) image restoration. First, a blur identification method is proposed to identify the blur parameter of the acquisition system from the compressed/uncompressed low-resolution image. In this method, SVM is used to classify feature vectors extracted from the training images by Sobel operator and local variance, the acquired mapping between the vectors and corresponding blur parameter provides the identification of the blur. After blur identification, a super-resolution image is reconstructed by a learning-based method in which image Euclidean distance (IMED) is used as a distance measurement during patch matching and different color channels are treated unequally to reduce the computation complexity. Experiments on both synthetic and real images demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our method.
The Trauma of Terrorism

Summary This introductory article maps some of the key contextual issues for this volume. Stating the challenges posed by the “new normality” thrust upon the world by the September 11 attacks, it reviews historical trends and definitional distinctions, including non-state, state and state-sponsored terrorism, and the international institutional and legal structures for combating it. The introduction proposes a multidimensional, multidisciplinary, integrative framework conceptualizing the consequences of the trauma of terrorism and informing optimal interventions. It critically reviews formulations in existing nosologies and summarizes the volume, addressing consequences and mitigation of terrorism's effects on people, communities, societies, and nations.
Long-term Outcome of 2920 Patients With Cancers of the Esophagus and Esophagogastric Junction: Evaluation of the New Union Internationale Contre le Cancer/American Joint Cancer Committee Staging System

Objective:We analyzed the long-term outcome of patients operated for esophageal cancer and evaluated the new seventh edition of the tumor-node-metastasis classification for cancers of the esophagus. Background:Retrospective analysis and new classification. Methods:Data of a single-center cohort of 2920 patients operated for cancers of the esophagus according to the seventh edition are presented. Statistical methods to evaluate survival and the prognostic performance of the staging systems included Kaplan-Meier analyses and time-dependent receiver-operating-characteristic-analysis. Results:Union Internationale Contre le Cancer stage, R-status, histologic tumor type and age were identified as independent prognostic factors for cancers of the esophagus. Grade and tumor site, additional parameters in the new American Joint Cancer Committee prognostic groupings, were not significantly correlated with survival. Esophageal adenocarcinoma showed a significantly better long-term prognosis after resection than squamous cell carcinoma (P < 0.0001). The new number-dependent N-classification proved superior to the former site-dependent classification with significantly decreasing prognosis with the increasing number of lymph node metastases (P < 0.001). The new subclassification of T1 tumors also revealed significant differences in prognosis between pT1a and pT1b patients (P < 0.001). However, the multiple new Union Internationale Contre le Cancer and American Joint Cancer Committee subgroupings did not prove distinctive for survival between stages IIA and IIB, between IIIA and IIIB, and between IIIC and IV. Conclusion:The new seventh edition of the tumor-node-metastasis classification improved the predictive ability for cancers of the esophagus; however, stage groups could be condensed to a clinically relevant number. Differences in patient characteristics, pathogenesis, and especially survival clearly identify adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus as 2 separate tumor entities requiring differentiated therapeutic concepts.
The Effects of Peer Tutoring and Self-Management Training on On-Task, Academic, and Disruptive Behaviors

The effects of peer tutoring and self-management on on-task behavior and academic performance (tutee) as well as disruptive behaviors (tutor) were examined. The tutor had been identified as behaviorally disordered and the tutee as learning disabled. During the peer tutoring condition the tutee improved his on-task and academic performance but the tutor's disruptive behavior did not change. Self-management was initiated for both subjects. During self-monitoring the tutee's on-task behavior improved above that during peer tutoring. The tutor self-monitored his disruptive behavior but only slight improvements were observed. A self-instructional component was then added and the disruptive behavior was eliminated. For both subjects, a multiple baseline across-settings design was applied and results were observed across resource and general education English and mathematics classes.
Profiles of Microbial Fatty Acids in the Human Metabolome are Disease-Specific

The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by a diverse and dense symbiotic microbiota, the composition of which is the result of host–microbe co-evolution and co-adaptation. This tight integration creates intense cross-talk and signaling between the host and microbiota at the cellular and metabolic levels. In many genetic or infectious diseases the balance between host and microbiota may be compromised resulting in erroneous communication. Consequently, the composition of the human metabolome, which includes the gut metabolome, may be different in health and disease states in terms of microbial products and metabolites entering systemic circulation. To test this hypothesis, we measured the level of hydroxy, branched, cyclopropyl and unsaturated fatty acids, aldehydes, and phenyl derivatives in blood of patients with a hereditary autoinflammatory disorder, familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), and in patients with peptic ulceration (PU) resulting from Helicobacter pylori infection. Discriminant function analysis of a data matrix consisting of 94 cases as statistical units (37 FMF patients, 14 PU patients, and 43 healthy controls) and the concentration of 35 microbial products in the blood as statistical variables revealed a high accuracy of the proposed model (all cases were correctly classified). This suggests that the profile of microbial products and metabolites in the human metabolome is specific for a given disease and may potentially serve as a biomarker for disease.
Parental Divorce and Children's Interpersonal Relationships

Summary This meta-analysis involved 53 studies that compared the interpersonal relationships (parents, siblings, and peers) of children from divorced homes with those from continuously intact homes. Children from divorced homes had more positive sibling relationships than children from intact homes. Mixed-race samples of children had more negative interpersonal relationships than white samples of children. Younger children from divorced homes experienced a lower quality of mother-child relationship than older children. The quality of relationships are lower for studies conducted more recently when compared with those conducted in earlier decades. Larger samples and studies utilizing attitude measures yielded stronger evidence for a lower quality of interpersonal relationship. Effect sizes were stronger for clinical samples than in studies based on convenience or random samples.
What are the Experiences of Therapeutic Rupture and Repair for Clients and Therapists within Long‐Term Psychodynamic Therapy?

Despite outcome research demonstrating that a rupture–repair process in the therapeutic relationship can be beneficial, there is a lack of qualitative research on ruptures and how they are repaired. This study explored parallel accounts of therapeutic ruptures produced by clients and therapists during long-term psychodynamic therapy. Interviews were conducted with four client–therapist dyads and were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Themes found included: clients' experience of the danger of emotional experience (Negative emotions as dangerous); accounts of the discovery during therapy being a difficult and gradual experience (Therapeutic discovery; gradual and hard work; to and fro); the experience of the hurdles within the therapeutic relationship (The struggle; not knowing; control and power); then followed by a connection (The positive connection; emotional sensitivity; shining a light). The results are discussed in relation to a number of core concepts in psychodynamic therapy.
Guidelines for multilingual linked data

In this article, we argue that there is a growing number of linked datasets in different natural languages, and that there is a need for guidelines and mechanisms to ensure the quality and organic growth of this emerging multilingual data network. However, we have little knowledge regarding the actual state of this data network, its current practices, and the open challenges that it poses. Questions regarding the distribution of natural languages, the links that are established across data in different languages, or how linguistic features are represented, remain mostly unanswered. Addressing these and other language-related issues can help to identify existing problems, propose new mechanisms and guidelines or adapt the ones in use for publishing linked data including language-related features, and, ultimately, provide metrics to evaluate quality aspects. In this article we review, discuss, and extend current guidelines for publishing linked data by focusing on those methods, techniques and tools that can help RDF publishers to cope with language barriers. Whenever possible, we will illustrate and discuss each of these guidelines, methods, and tools on the basis of practical examples that we have encountered in the publication of the datos.bne. es dataset.
Computational modeling and experimental validation of the Legionella and Coxiella virulence-related type-IVB secretion signal

Legionella and Coxiella are intracellular pathogens that use the virulence-related Icm/Dot type-IVB secretion system to translocate effector proteins into host cells during infection. These effectors were previously shown to contain a C-terminal secretion signal required for their translocation. In this research, we implemented a hidden semi-Markov model to characterize the amino acid composition of the signal, thus providing a comprehensive computational model for the secretion signal. This model accounts for dependencies among sites and captures spatial variation in amino acid composition along the secretion signal. To validate our model, we predicted and synthetically constructed an optimal secretion signal whose sequence is different from that of any known effector. We show that this signal efficiently translocates into host cells in an Icm/Dot-dependent manner. Additionally, we predicted in silico and experimentally examined the effects of mutations in the secretion signal, which provided innovative insights into its characteristics. Some effectors were found to lack a strong secretion signal according to our model. We demonstrated that these effectors were highly dependent on the IcmS-IcmW chaperons for their translocation, unlike effectors that harbor a strong secretion signal. Furthermore, our model is innovative because it enables searching ORFs for secretion signals on a genomic scale, which led to the identification and experimental validation of 20 effectors from Legionella pneumophila, Legionella longbeachae, and Coxiella burnetii. Our combined computational and experimental methodology is general and can be applied to the identification of a wide spectrum of protein features that lack sequence conservation but have similar amino acid characteristics.
Perceptual load vs. dilution: the roles of attentional focus, stimulus category, and target predictability

Many studies have shown that increasing the number of neutral stimuli in a display decreases distractor interference. This result has been interpreted within two different frameworks; a perceptual load account, based on a reduction in spare resources, and a dilution account, based on a degradation in distractor representation and/or an increase in crosstalk between the distractor and the neutral stimuli that contain visually similar features. In four experiments, we systematically manipulated the extent of attentional focus, stimulus category, and preknowledge of the target to examine how these factors would interact with the display set size to influence the degree of distractor processing. Display set size did not affect the degree of distractor processing in all situations. Increasing the number of neutral items decreased distractor processing only when a task induced a broad attentional focus that included the neutral stimuli, when the neutral stimuli were in the same category as the target and distractor, and when the preknowledge of the target was insufficient to guide attention to the target efficiently. These results suggest that the effect of neutral stimuli on the degree of distractor processing is more complex than previously assumed. They provide new insight into the competitive interactions between bottom-up and top-down processes that govern the efficiency of visual selective attention.
Dealing with arbitrary time distributions with the stochastic timed Petri net model-application to queueing systems

The ability of the stochastic timed Petri net model for dealing with a great variety of firing time distributions is presented. The distributions can be: continuous (exponential or uniform); discrete (including the particular case of a deterministic distribution with a zero firing time (immediate transition) or a non zero firing time); mixed. This ability is based on a method of tractable computation whatever the distribution (in particular the difficult cases of the discrete and mixed distributions), for obtaining a randomized state graph (which represents the dynamic behaviour of the system being modelled). Applications to queueing systems are considered: the queue M/G/1; the queue M/G/1/K. A general method for analysing queueing systems, which is based on an interpretation of the randomized state graph, is presented. <<ETX>>
Antibody Response and Disease Severity in Healthcare Worker MERS Survivors

We studied antibody response in 9 healthcare workers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, who survived Middle East respiratory syndrome, by using serial ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence assay testing. Among patients who had experienced severe pneumonia, antibody was detected for >18 months after infection. Antibody longevity was more variable in patients who had experienced milder disease.
Sensor Node Activity Scheduling Approach

Sensor networks, once deployed, are expected to continue to function unmanned. However, energy of the sensors is typically unrenewable thus making it a very scarce resource. Therefore, in order to extend the life of the sensor networks for the duration of a particular mission, energy has to be managed wisely. In this paper, we consider the problem of energy conservation for grid-based sensor networks. A wireless sensor network architecture that is based on mobile base station is presented. Based on this architecture, we propose an asynchronous duty-cycle scheduling scheme for extending the lifetime of the grid-based wireless sensor networks.
The PGL Family Proteins Associate With Germ Granules and Function Redundantly in Caenorhabditis elegans Germline Development Sequence data from this article have been deposited with the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank Data Libraries under accession nos. AB120729 and AB120730.

PGL-1 is a constitutive protein component of C. elegans germ granules, also known as P granules. Maternally supplied PGL-1 is essential for germline development but only at elevated temperature, raising the possibility that redundant factors provide sufficient function at lower temperatures. We have identified two PGL-1-related proteins, PGL-2 and PGL-3, by sequence analysis of the C. elegans genome and by a yeast two-hybrid screen for proteins that interact with PGL-1. PGL-3 is associated with P granules at all stages of development, while PGL-2 is associated with P granules only during postembryonic development. All three PGL proteins interact with each other in vitro. Furthermore, PGL-1 and PGL-3 are co-immunoprecipitated from embryo extracts, indicating that they are indeed in the same protein complex in vivo. Nevertheless, each PGL protein localizes to P granules independently of the other two. pgl-2 or pgl-3 single-mutant worms do not show obvious defects in germline development. However, pgl-1; pgl-3 (but not pgl-2; pgl-1) double-mutant hermaphrodites and males show significantly enhanced sterility at all temperatures, compared to pgl-1 alone. Mutant hermaphrodites show defects in germline proliferation and in production of healthy gametes and viable embryos. Our findings demonstrate that both PGL-2 and PGL-3 are components of P granules, both interact with PGL-1, and at least PGL-3 functions redundantly with PGL-1 to ensure fertility in both sexes of C. elegans.
Depletion of Ca2+ in the sarcoplasmic reticulum stimulates Ca2+ entry into mouse skeletal muscle fibres

To examine whether a capacitative Ca2+ entry pathway is present in skeletal muscle, thin muscle fibre bundles were isolated from extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle of adult mice, and isometric tension and fura‐2 signals were simultaneously measured. The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in the muscle fibres was successfully depleted of Ca2+ by repetitive treatments with high‐K+ solutions, initially in the absence and then in the presence of a sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor. Depletion of the SR of Ca2+ enabled us for the first time to show convincingly that the vast majority of the voltage‐sensitive Ca2+ store overlaps the caffeine‐sensitive Ca2+ store in intact fibres from mouse EDL muscle. This conclusion was based on the observation that both high‐K+ solution and caffeine failed to cause a contracture in the depleted muscle fibres. The existence of a Ca2+ influx pathway active enough to refill the depleted SR within several minutes was shown in skeletal muscle fibres. Ca2+ entry was sensitive to Ni2+, but resistant to nifedipine and was suppressed by plasma membrane depolarisation. Evidence for store‐operated Ca2+ entry was provided by measurements of Mn2+ entry. Significant acceleration of Mn2+ entry was observed only when the SR was severely depleted of Ca2+. The Mn2+ influx, which was blocked by Ni2+ but not by nifedipine, was inwardly rectifying, as is the case with the Ca2+ entry. These results indicate that the store‐operated Ca2+ entry is similar to the Ca2+ release‐activated Ca2+ channel (CRAC) current described in other preparations.
Breaking the cycle of poverty and poor health: paediatricians can make a difference

This piece was prompted by the growing disparities in income, health care and health in the United States. Such disparities are not as great as in Europe, but what has been found in the U.S. might stimulate European, as well as U.S. paediatricians to think about how they can do better for their patients. The vital role paediatricians and other child clinicians can play in addressing health disparities is supported by evidence that poverty and its correlates limit early brain development and cognitive development, that future socioeconomic status and health influence each other across the life course and generations (1) and that early intervention and schools can shape the life course of children (2).