Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quality Improvement of Reduced‐Salt, Phosphate‐Free Fish Patties from Processed By‐Products of Nile Tilapia Using Textural Additives and Bioactive Rice Bran Compounds

Over 60% of tilapia by-products from the frozen fillet industry are wasted. In response to the increased health consciousness of consumers, we investigated the effects of lowered salt content, phosphate substitute additives and natural antioxidants on the quality improvement of patties made from processed by-products of tilapia. We determined the effect of 0.5% k-carrageenan, Citri-Fi 100 fine granulated and xanthan gum combined with 0.5% microbial transglutaminase and 0.3% NaHCO3 on the textural qualities of reduced-salt (1% NaCl) Nile tilapia patties (made from an 80:20 ratio of trimmed meat to belly flap) then compared this with a control with sodium tripolyphosphate (0.3%). After 12 freeze-thaw cycles, k-carrageenan was observed to improve the textural quality and lower cooking losses better than other treatments (P ≤ 0.05). Rice bran protein hydrolysate and red jasmine rice bran extract (2%) could be used instead of butylated hydroxyanisole (0.02%) to prevent lipid oxidation in reduced-salt, k-carrageenan-supplemented patties during freezing and thawing. Practical Applications Thailand boasts robust production, consumption and export of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linn); notwithstanding, over 60% of by-products are discarded including the trimmed and belly flap meat. These are, however, low-value, high-fat meats, which limit shelf life and create an undesirable flavor and texture in processed products. Appropriate textural additives (i.e., MTGase, various hydrocolloids) and natural antioxidants (i.e., bioactive rice bran compounds) are promising as additives because they enhance the textural qualities and stability in reduced-salt, phosphate-free fish patties made from processed tilapia by-products. Supportive findings would lead to efficient, industrial-scale use of these by-products.
Dissection of BXSB Lupus Phenotype Using Mice Congenic for Chromosome 1 Demonstrates That Separate Intervals Direct Different Aspects of Disease1

To dissect the individual effects of the four non-MHC, autosomal loci (Bxs1 to Bxs4) that contribute to SLE susceptibility in BXSB mice, we generated congenic lines from chromosome 1 on a C57BL/10.YBXSB (B10.Yaa) background for the intervals (values in megabases (Mb)) Bxs1 (46.3-89.2 Mb), Bxs1/4 (20.0-65.9 Mb), Bxs1/2 (64.4-159.0 Mb), and Bxs2/3 (105.4-189.0 Mb). Glomerulonephritis, qualitatively similar to that seen in the parental BXSB strain, developed in three of these congenic strains. Early onset, severe disease was observed in B10.Yaa. BXSB-Bxs2/3 congenic mice and caused 50% mortality by 12 mo. In B10.Yaa. BXSB-Bxs1/4 mice disease progressed more slowly, resulting in 13% mortality at 12 mo. The progression of renal disease in both of these strains was correlated with the level of anti-dsDNA Abs. B10.Yaa. BXSB-Bxs1 mice, despite their genetic similarity to B10.Yaa. BXSB-Bxs1/4 mice, developed a low-grade glomerulonephritis in the absence of anti-dsDNA Abs. Thus, Bxs4 directed an increase in titer and spectrum of autoantibodies, whereas Bxs1 promoted the development of nephritis. The Bxs2 interval was linked to the production of anti-dsDNA Abs without concomitant glomerulonephritis. In contrast, the Bxs3 interval was sufficient to generate classic lupus nephritis in a nonautoimmune–prone strain. Immune phenotype differed between controls and congenics with a significant increase in B220+ cells in BXSB and B10.Yaa. BXSB-Bxs2/3, and an increase in CD4 to CD8 ratio in both BXSB and B10.Yaa. BXSB-Bxs1/4. Disease in the Bxs3 mice was delayed in comparison to the BXSB parental strain, emphasizing the necessity for multiple interactions in the production of the full BXSB phenotype.
Dimeric combinations of MafB, cFos and cJun control the apoptosis-survival balance in limb morphogenesis

Apoptosis is an important mechanism for sculpting morphology. However, the molecular cascades that control apoptosis in developing limb buds remain largely unclear. Here, we show that MafB was specifically expressed in apoptotic regions of chick limb buds, and MafB/cFos heterodimers repressed apoptosis, whereas MafB/cJun heterodimers promoted apoptosis for sculpting the shape of the limbs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing in chick limb buds identified potential target genes and regulatory elements controlled by Maf and Jun. Functional analyses revealed that expression of p63 and p73, key components known to arrest the cell cycle, was directly activated by MafB and cJun. Our data suggest that dimeric combinations of MafB, cFos and cJun in developing chick limb buds control the number of apoptotic cells, and that MafB/cJun heterodimers lead to apoptosis via activation of p63 and p73.
Early B Cell Factor Promotes B Lymphopoiesis with Reduced Interleukin 7 Responsiveness in the Absence of E2A

The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors encoded by the E2A gene function at the apex of a transcriptional hierarchy involving E2A, early B cell factor (EBF), and Pax5, which is essential for B lymphopoiesis. In committed B lineage progenitors, E2A proteins have also been shown to regulate many lineage-associated genes. Herein, we demonstrate that the block in B lymphopoiesis imposed by the absence of E2A can be overcome by expression of EBF, but not Pax5, indicating that EBF is the essential target of E2A required for development of B lineage progenitors. Our data demonstrate that EBF, in synergy with low levels of alternative E2A-related proteins (E proteins), is sufficient to promote expression of most B lineage genes. Remarkably, however, we find that E2A proteins are required for interleukin 7–dependent proliferation due, in part, to a role for E2A in optimal expression of N-myc. Therefore, high levels of E protein activity are essential for the activation of EBF and N-myc, whereas lower levels of E protein activity, in synergy with other B lineage transcription factors, are sufficient for expression of most B lineage genes.
Low formaldehyde emission MDF overlaid with wood veneer: Bonding problems assessment

The aim of this work is to assess wood bonding problems in medium density fibreboard (MDF) surfacing with decorative wood veneer (beech). Three sets of tests were carried out. The first set was carried out using automatic bonding evaluation system (ABES) in order to assess the bond strength development rate of two UF resins produced according to different processes. The second set permitted the study of the behaviour of bonding between MDF and beech veneer using ABES, and for this purpose a special MDF sample was designed. These MDF samples were pressed to conventional beech test strips and pulled at any given time immediately after pressing. A third set of tests were performed in a pilot hot-press used for MDF surfacing with beech veneer. Different operating conditions were tested (pressing time and resin type). The quality of bonding between wood veneer and MDF was evaluated using the surface soundness test (EN311). The tensile load required to pull off a defined surface area of overlaid panel was recorded and it was observed that in all samples the failure mode occurred within the underlying board. An analysis of variance test was performed to evaluate the significance level of the effects of the different factors on surface soundness. The main conclusion of this work is that the MDF surfacing operation seems to induce degradation in the MDF surface layers, probably due to the presence of urea, which could be responsible for a decrease in the surface soundness, which was mostly observed for longer pressing times.
Organic infrared and near-infrared light-emitting materials and devices for optical communication applications

The luminescent properties of organic infrared (IR) and near-infrared (NIR) light-emitting materials were investigated for optical communication applications. These materials consisted of two organic ionic dyes, (2-[6-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-2,4-neopentylene-1,3,5-hexatrienyl]-3-methyl-benzothiazonium perchlorate) (LDS821) and [C41H33Cl2N2]+•BF4- (IR1051), and an organic rare-earth complex, erbium (III) tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) (ErQ). The three materials are both photoluminescent and electroluminescent in the 0.8-, 1.1- and 1.5-μm wavelength regions, respectively, and so can be used as optically active species in devices operated by either optical or current excitation. Three device forms were fabricated with these light-emitting materials as optically active species, namely vacuum-deposited or spin-coated polymer thin-films, monodispersed polymer microparticles and embedded polymeric optical waveguides. Their luminescent processes are discussed and possible optical communication applications are proposed.
Optical channel dropping using dielectric microspheres

Dielectric microspheres, with their morphology dependent resonances, are used to resonantly couple light from half optical fiber couplers. The dropped channels are observed in the elastic scattering and the transmission spectra. The excitation of the microsphere with the nearly Gaussian beam in the half optical fiber coupler provides spatially and spectrally selective, and enhanced light coupling. The filter drops approximately 10% (0.5 dB) of the power at the resonance wavelength. A tunable single mode distributed feedback diode laser is used as the infrared excitation source. The generalized Lorenz-Mie theory, describing the illumination of the microsphere with a Gaussian beam, is used to interpret the experimental results.
Crystal Plasticity Finite-Element Simulation of Single Phase Titanium Alloy with 3D Polycrystalline Models

Based on the rate-dependent crystal plasticity theory, a finite element code which considers crystallographic slip as deformation mechanism of material was developed to investigate the stress–strain response of the β phase of Ti-5553 during uniaxial tension. Three dimensional models with random grain shapes generated by Voronoi tessellation were used for simulations, and two discretization methods were used to disperse the models. Firstly, the parameters of material were identified by fitting simulation stress-strain curves with experimental data. Then the global stress-strain curves were calculated, and effects of mesh type and mesh density were discussed. Results show that mesh type has a relatively significant influence on overall responses, whereas the influence of mesh density is slight. Investigate of local stress-strain response in each grain was also conducted, and obvious inter-granular heterogeneities were observed. Quantitative analysis indicates that the range of stress and strain variations is affected by mesh type.
Analyzing the Ethical Dilemma between Protecting Consumer Privacy and Marketing Customer Data

Rapid transformation in marketing information technologies has enabled corporations to build ample consumer databases and analyze those using sophisticated data-mining techniques to obtain extensive knowledge about those consumers’ personal life styles and private matters. Considering that the United States Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has relied on fair information principles to guide privacy regulation and left it relatively unregulated, the burden of practicing consumer privacy lies mostly on the marketers who have to follow ethical behavior and maintain consumer privacy. In this paper the authors analyze the ethical nature of corporate decision making on matters of selling consumer data using the normative theories of business ethics and suggests approaches that balance the corporate goals of raising financial gains with the obligations they have to their stakeholders – mainly their customers. The authors also discuss the challenges faced in carrying out the analysis. Analyzing the Ethical Dilemma between Protecting Consumer Privacy and Marketing Customer Data
The work-hardening of copper-silica: IV. The Bauschinger effect and plastic relaxation

Abstract Bauschinger data for dispersion-strengthened single crystals are given, and correlated with data on the dislocation microstructure and the softening effect which is prominent at room temperature in copper. The data are analysed in terms of theories presented in earlier papers, and the following conclusions have been reached: (i) the Bauschinger effect, suitably defined, can be quantitatively accounted for by the mean internal stress level in the copper matrix; (ii) the internal stress behaves as a function of strain and temperature in accord with the earlier theories, except that plastic relaxation requires a temperature-dependent initiation stress in alloys containing small particles; (iii) the softening process is the process of plastic relaxation, and is characterized by an activation energy of 0·9 eV and an activation volume of 1·5 b3; (iv) a new interpretation is given for the dislocation microstructures observed in the softened state; (v) the work-hardening in the unrelaxed state can be sep.
Hardware / Software Coherence in Hybrid Memory Models

Current cache coherence protocols limit the scalability of chip multiprocessor (CMP) architectures. The expected increase of the number of cores in next generation CMPs call for an evolution of the memory subsystem. One solution is to introduce a local memory side to the cache hierarchy, forming a hybrid memory model. On the one hand, local memories are more power-efficient than caches and they don’t generate coherence traffic. On the other hand, local memories suffer from poor programmability, so programmers rely on automatic code transformations to operate them. When non-predictabl e memory access patterns are found compilers do not succeed in generating code that manages the local memory because they require complex memory aliasing analyses. This is caus ed by the incoherency between the local memory and the cache hierarchy. This paper proposes a coherence protocol for hyb rid memory models that allows the compiler to generate code even in the presence of aliasing problems. Coherency is ensured b y a simple software/hardware co-design that identifies poten tially incoherent memory accesses and diverts them to the correct copy of the data. The coherence protocol doesn’t maintain two coherent copies of the data, so no coherence traffic is generated and the overhead is negligible, 0.2% on average. When compared to traditional cache-based architectures, t he hybrid memory model with the proposed coherence protocol achieves an average speedup of 1.5x.
Cohort profile: the northern Swedish cohort.

The Northern Swedish Cohort was started by Anne Hammarstrom [principal investigator (PI)] in collaboration with Urban Janlert and other researchers within the field of social medicine (Ragnar Berfenstam, Finn Diderichsen, Tores Theorell, Lars H Gustafsson, Claes Sundelin, Gustav Jonsson). At that time, the PI was a newly qualified registered medical doctor and was searching for a PhD project. An older colleague advised us to start a longitudinal study, which could be the database for our future research. The background to the study was the relatively high unemployment rate among young people in Sweden at the beginning of the 1980s. Whereas some studies were available about the health consequences of unemployment in the adult population, there was a lack of research about possible health consequences of youth unemployment. Thus, we decided to perform a longitudinal study of a cohort of school-leavers. The chosen setting was Northern Sweden, as the highest levels of both youth and adult unemployment were found in that part of Sweden. In fact, unemployment had been endemic in this part of Sweden for a long time. The county capital of Norrbotten, Lulea, was chosen as this is a typical middle-sized, industrial town, which is comparable to Sweden as a whole with regard to important socio-demographic background data such as labour market structure, percentage of foreign born, housing, divorce rate and socio-economic status. Initially, we planned to follow up the cohort after 2 and 5 years. However, after the first 5 years, the study had attracted the interest of the scientific community and of policymakers, and thus there was a request for new follow-ups.
Beyond transition-state theory: A rigorous quantum theory of chemical reaction rates

Transition-state theory (TST) provides a simple and useful way to understand and estimate the rates of chemical reactions. The fundamental assumption of transition-state theory, however, is based inherently on classical mechanics, so the theory must be quantized if it is to provide a quantitative description of chemical reaction rates. Unlike classical mechanics, though, there seems to be no way to construct a rigorous quantum mechanical theory that contains as its only approximation the transition-state assumption of [open quotes]direct dynamics[close quotes]. Pechukas has discussed this quite clearly: as soon as one tries to rid a quantum mechanical version of transition-state theory of all approximations (e.g., separability of a one-dimensional reaction coordinate) beyond the basic transition-state assumption itself, one is faced with having to solve the full (multidimensional) quantum reaction dynamics problem. But a correct treatment of the full quantum dynamics must yield the exact rate constant and is no longer a transition-state [open quotes]theory[close quotes]. Though there is no rigorous quantum prescription for determining the rate constant of a chemical reaction that avoids, the necessity of solving the Schroedinger equation, there is nevertheless a rigorous theoretical approach that avoids having to solve the complete state-to-state reactive scattering problem; one does notmore » avoid solving the Schroedinger equation, but needs to solve it only locally, in the vicinity of the transition state, with no explicit information about reactant and product states being required. After reviewing some of the notions alluded to above, the purpose of the Account is to describe this [open quotes]direct[close quotes] theoretical approach for calculating chemical reaction rates, the logical conclusion in the quest for a [open quotes]rigorous[close quotes] quantum mechanical version of transition-state theory. 20 refs., 3 figs.« less
On Low-Velocity Impact Testing of Composite Materials

The importance of understanding the response of structural composites to impact cannot be overstated. This understanding includes both the impact phenomena themselves and the influence of materials properties on the impact response. This paper presents the need for instrumented testing to optimize our understanding of the impact event, especially the response of the impacted material. The conclusion is drawn that the impact force history is a more relevant measure of a materials characteristics than is the total kinetic energy of the impactor. Static and dynamic impact phenomena are assessed to lay the foundation for the eventual development of a standardized test method focused on the lower velocity range impact response behavior of composites. In addition, a relatively inexpensive but very versatile low-velocity, instrumented pendulum impact tester is described and actual test data for both graphite fiber/thermoset matrix and graphite fiber/thermoplastic matrix are compared. Actual energy absorption curves are shown. A simple method is described to allow direct measurement of the total energy exchanged during the impact event, and the use of these data to permit the vital dynamic calibration of the load cell for every different impact event is illustrated. The different stages in the damage process are characterized, for the first time, for the two materials systems studied.
Response of Photosynthetic Characteristics of Caragana microphylla in Different Soil Phosphorus Supplies

Over the past several decades, grassland degradation has become severe in Inner Mongolia, leading to decreased grass coverage and increased distribution of Caragana microphylla. In order to find out new explanation for the expansion of C. microphylla in degraded grassland, we grew two-year seedlings in phosphorus (P) deficient soil supplemented with P supply ranging from 0 to 60 mg kg-1. The simulation parameters of light response curves and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were all generally similar among different soil P supplies. Only maximum total photosynthetic rate (Pmax) and PSII potential activity (Fv/Fo) were reduced at 0 mg kg-1 soil supply, and high P supply caused P toxicity. C. microphylla was non-limited by P-deficiency and adapted well to the low-P Inner Mongolia steppe. The advantage of C. microphylla in P-limited natural grassland provided new explanation for the expanding of C. microphylla in degraded Inner Mongolia steppe.
Timing and Patterns in the Taxonomic Diversification of Lepidoptera (Butterflies and Moths)

The macroevolutionary history of the megadiverse insect order Lepidoptera remains little-known, yet coevolutionary dynamics with their angiospermous host plants are thought to have influenced their diversification significantly. We estimate the divergence times of all higher-level lineages of Lepidoptera, including most extant families. We find that the diversification of major lineages in Lepidoptera are approximately equal in age to the crown group of angiosperms and that there appear to have been three significant increases in diversification rates among Lepidoptera over evolutionary time: 1) at the origin of the crown group of Ditrysia about 150 million years ago (mya), 2) at the origin of the stem group of Apoditrysia about 120 mya and finally 3) a spectacular increase at the origin of the stem group of the quadrifid noctuoids about 70 mya. In addition, there appears to be a significant increase in diversification rate in multiple lineages around 90 mya, which is concordant with the radiation of angiosperms. Almost all extant families appear to have begun diversifying soon after the Cretaceous/Paleogene event 65.51 mya.
No more monkeying around: primate malaria model systems are key to understanding Plasmodium vivax liver-stage biology, hypnozoites, and relapses

Plasmodium vivax is a human malaria parasite responsible for significant morbidity worldwide and potentially death. This parasite possesses formidable liver-stage biology that involves the formation of dormant parasites known as hypnozoites. Hypnozoites are capable of activating weeks, months, or years after a primary blood-stage infection causing relapsing bouts of illness. Elimination of this dormant parasitic reservoir will be critical for global malaria eradication. Although hypnozoites were first discovered in 1982, few advancements have been made to understand their composition and biology. Until recently, in vitro models did not exist to study these forms and studying them from human ex vivo samples was virtually impossible. Today, non-human primate (NHP) models and modern systems biology approaches are poised as tools to enable the in-depth study of P. vivax liver-stage biology, including hypnozoites and relapses. NHP liver-stage model systems for P. vivax and the related simian malaria species P. cynomolgi are discussed along with perspectives regarding metabolite biomarker discovery, putative roles of extracellular vesicles, and relapse immunobiology.
Concurrent Defects and Test Coverage Criteria

: The concurrent programs mostly specify two or more processes that work together in performing a job. Among them each process is a sequential program that implements series of statements. The processes usually work together by conversing using variables or message passing. So, testing a concurrent program is complex for its non determinism behavior. A number of methods such as locking, serialization, time stamp etc. are proposed to deal with non deterministic behavior. The paper deals with several coverage criteria for testing concurrent programs. Various coverage criteria such as interleaving, synchronization, ordered sequence, data flow, condition based etc are discussed with their capability in detecting bugs caused by synchronization. It discusses the expected bugs in the different criteria. Through discussion, it provides the way to cover all possible expected bugs.