Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Mediation of Privacy-Sensitive Resource Access in Smartphone Applications

Mobile app development best practices suggest that developers obtain opt-in consent from users prior to accessing potentially sensitive information on the phone. We study challenges that mobile application developers have with meeting such requirements, and highlight the promise of using new automated, static analysis-based solutions that identify and insert missing prompts in order to guard otherwise unprotected resource accesses. We find evidence that third-party libraries, incorporated by developers across the mobile industry, may access privacy-sensitive resources without seeking consent or even against the user's choice. Based on insights from real examples, we develop the theoretical underpinning of the problem of mediating resource accesses in mobile applications. We design and implement a graph-theoretic algorithm to place mediation prompts that protect every resource access, while avoiding repetitive prompting and prompting in background tasks or third-party libraries. We demonstrate the viability of our approach by analyzing 100 apps, averaging 7.3 MB in size and consisting of dozens of DLLs. Our approach scales well: once an app is represented in the form of a graph, the remaining static analysis takes under a second on average. Overall, our strategy succeeds in about 95% of all unique cases.
Residue-based code for reliable hybrid memories

Hybrid memories, structured from scaled CMOS and non-CMOS devices, are novel memory architectures that offer trillion-capacity of data storage. In spite of that, the reliability of such memories is questionable because of (i) imprecise and immature fabrication processes and (ii) unreliable devices. This paper introduces the concept of Residue Number System (RNS), mainly used in digital signal processing and communication, to the realization of reliable hybrid memories. An error correction code based on RNS to mitigate cluster faults in hybrid memories is proposed; such code is referred to as Six Moduli Redundant Residue Number System (6M-RRNS) code. The experimental results show that 6M-RRNS code can achieve competitive error correction capability as the conventional RRNS (C-RRNS) and Reed-Solomon (RS) codes, yet at lower cost. E.g., for hybrid memories with word size of B=32 bits, the 6M-RRNS code requires 88 bits to encode the data, whereas C-RRNS and RS codes require 106 and 96 bits, respectively. It means that for a fixed memory size and given correction capability, the total data that can be stored when using 6M-RRNS coding is 20.4% and 9.1% larger as compared with C-RRNS and RS, respectively. Moreover, the speed at which 6M-RRNS decodes the data is 5.6 times faster than when using C-RRNS; hence allowing for higher performance.
Reliability Growth of Open Source Software Using Defect Analysis

We examine two active and popular open source products to observe whether or not open source software has a different defect arrival rate than software developed in-house. The evaluation used two common models of reliability growth models; concave and S-shaped and this analysis shows that open source has a different profile of defect arrival. Further investigation indicated that low level design instability is a possible explanation of the different defect growth profile.
Jacobian approach to fast acoustic model adaptation

This paper describes a Jacobian approach to fast adaptation of acoustic models to noisy environments. Acoustic models under a noise assumption are compensated by Jacobian matrices with the difference between assumed and observed noise cepstra. Detailed mathematical formulation and algorithm derivation are presented. Experiments showed that when a small amount of training data is given, this approach outperforms the existing approaches (such as PMC and NOVO) for composing a model from speech and noise models. It drastically reduces computational cost by replacing the complicated computation of model composition by simple matrix arithmetic and enables real-time environmental noise adaptation. Combination with spectrum subtraction is also discussed.
On the Performance of Covariance Based Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio

In this paper, the distribution of the test-statistic for the covariance based detection (CBD) is studied in order to obtain the mathematical expressions of false alarm probability (Pf) and detection probability (Pd) . The formulation of decision threshold λ for any Pf is also presented. The expression of Pd allows to evaluate the performance of the CBD technology. Finally, the decision threshold, as well as the derived Pf and Pd , is verified with Monte-Carlo simulations.
Lower risk for cardiovascular mortality in oral 1alpha-hydroxy vitamin D3 users in a haemodialysis population.

BACKGROUND Renal failure results in deficiency of active vitamin D3 that has diverse effects on metabolism and organ functions. Treatment with active forms of vitamin D(3) ameliorates abnormalities in bone and mineral metabolism, cardiac function, immune response and others. We hypothesized that treatment with vitamin D(3) may be beneficial for survival in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). METHODS We compared the risk of death between regular users (n = 162) and non-users (n = 80) of oral 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (alfacalcidol) in a cohort of ESRD patients undergoing haemodialysis for a follow-up of 61 +/- 23 months. The daily dose of alfacalcidol ranged from 0.25 to 1.5 microg, with a median of 0.5 microg. RESULTS The alfacalcidol users showed a lower risk of death from cardiovascular disease than the non-users in a univariate Cox model [hazards ratio (HR) 0.287, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.127-0.649, P = 0.003], whereas the risk for death from non-cardiovascular disease was not different between the two groups. Stepwise multivariate Cox analysis showed that cardiovascular mortality was significantly associated with age, presence of diabetes mellitus and treatment with alfacalcidol (HR 0.377, 95% CI 0.246-0.578, P = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that use of oral alfacalcidol was associated with reduced risk for cardiovascular death in this cohort of ESRD patients. The result of this observational study warrants further randomized controlled trials with 1alpha-hydroxy vitamin D3 to confirm the possibility that such medication improves survival of ESRD patients.
Krull dimension for limit groups I: Bounding strict resolutions

This is the first paper in a sequence on Krull dimension for limit groups, answering a question of Z. Sela. In this paper we show that strict resolutions of a fixed limit group have uniformly bounded length. The upper bound plays two roles in our approach. First, it provides upper bounds for heights of analysis lattices of limit groups, and second, it enables the construction of \jsj--respecting sequences in the sequel.
Epidemiologic consequences of microvariation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND Evidence from genotype-phenotype studies suggests that genetic diversity in pathogens have clinically relevant manifestations that can impact outcome of infection and epidemiologic success. We studied 5 closely related Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains that collectively caused extensive disease (n = 862), particularly among US-born tuberculosis patients. METHODS Representative isolates were selected using population-based genotyping data from New York City and New Jersey. Growth and cytokine/chemokine response were measured in infected human monocytes. Survival was determined in aerosol-infected guinea pigs. RESULTS Multiple genotyping methods and phylogenetically informative synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms showed that all strains were related by descent. In axenic culture, all strains grew similarly. However, infection of monocytes revealed 2 growth phenotypes, slower (doubling ∼55 hours) and faster (∼25 hours). The faster growing strains elicited more tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β than the slower growing strains, even after heat killing, and caused accelerated death of infected guinea pigs (∼9 weeks vs 24 weeks) associated with increased lung inflammation/pathology. Epidemiologically, the faster growing strains were associated with human immunodeficiency virus and more limited in spread, possibly related to their inherent ability to induce a strong protective innate immune response in immune competent hosts. CONCLUSIONS Natural variation, with detectable phenotypic changes, among closely related clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis may alter epidemiologic patterns in human populations.
Extension on F-F 3 Factors Asset Pricing Model and Related Empirical Researches

According to the characteristics of Chinese securities market, this paper adjusted the standard Fama-French Three factors asset pricing model, by introduced price/earning rate of accounting index and trading volume rate of technology index. The empirical outcome indicates that the standard F-F model can be used to basically interpret the correspond portfolios’ weekly return of Csindex100 sample shares. The model which are conducted into trading volume rate cannot interpret portfolios’ return in a better than that of the standard model. But with both trading volume rate and price/earning rate conducted into the model, better weekly return could be achieved efficiently, which could be regarded as a right model conducted in Chinese stock market.
LINEAR BASES FOR SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE FUNCTIONS OF ACRYLIC PAINTS

A linear model for representing reflectances has and on the spectral distribution of the illuminant. In-depth been developed from a group of 5574 samples of acrylic knowledge of these properties is unquestionably useful paint on paper. Using acrylic paints makes easy the gen- in many technical and scientific applications in which the eration of a large variety of samples by mixing, due to aim is to capture and process the optical information. the high miscibility among these kinds of pigments: this Thus, for example, in the field of Artificial Vision, point was the key to achieve a great spatial homogeneity problems such as the recognition and identification of in our samples. Besides, these kinds of paints keep their color of the objects or the classification of the materials chromatic properties stable over time. The first 7 vectors according to their nature ( metals, organic materials, plas- of the so-called overall linear basis were sufficient for a tics, etc.) are intimately linked to the knowledge of the more than adequate mathematical representation of the interaction of light with the material generating the diffuse spectral-reflectance curves. A study by hue groups of the and / or specular reflection. In the same sense, an immedi- mathematical properties of these curves indicates that the ate application of the study of the spectral reflectance of use of a hue basis of representation implies, on the aver- the diffuser object is the graphic simulation of that object age, a reduction in 1 or 2 of the number of vectors needed by the computer. in order to achieve results analogous to those of the over- The study of properties associated with light reaching all basis. q 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 23, 39-45, us from the objects and the possible processing of this 1998 information have the aim of explaining the properties of the materials and their appropriate use or simulation. In so
Adjustment difficulties of siblings of children with disabilities and typically developing children

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to compare the adjustment difficulties of siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and typically developing children. The statistical population of the present study included all siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and typically developing children in Shiraz, Iran. The sample consisted of 141 siblings (49 siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder, 42 siblings of children with intellectual disability, and 50 siblings of typically developing children). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) [Goodman, 1997. ‘The strengths and difficulties questionnaire. ’ Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 40: 791–799. ] was used for measuring the adjustment difficulties. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) tests were used for data analysis. The results showed that adjustment difficulties and three subscales of adjustment difficulties (emotional symptoms, hyperactivity, and peer relationships) of siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability were significantly higher than those of siblings of typically developing children. Furthermore, no significant difference was found between the study groups in terms of conduct problems. Therefore, it is essential to design and implement preventive and interventional programmes to improve the adjustment difficulties of siblings of children with disabilities.
Online Walking Pattern Generation and System Software of Humanoid BHR-2

This paper proposed a method of online walking pattern generation based on key parameters of off-line typical walking patterns for humanoid robot. The key parameters include hip parameters, step length, walking cycle and so on. The offline walking pattern generation method is based on ZMP. The design of the system software of humanoid BHR-2 is also described in this paper, in order to ensure the real task can be finished on time, the process of online walking patterns generation is placed outside the processor which used for real-time control. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by simulations and experiments with our developed humanoid robot with 32 DOF
Estimating the Fractional Vegetation Cover from GLASS Leaf Area Index Product

The fractional vegetation cover (FCover) is an essential biophysical variable and plays a critical role in the carbon cycle studies. Existing FCover products from satellite observations are spatially incomplete and temporally discontinuous, and also inaccurate for some vegetation types to meet the requirements of various applications. In this study, an operational method is proposed to calculate high-quality, accurate FCover from the Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) leaf area index (LAI) product to ensure physical consistency between LAI and FCover retrievals. As a result, a global FCover product (denoted by TRAGL) were generated from the GLASS LAI product from 2000 to present. With no missing values, the TRAGL FCover product is spatially complete. A comparison of the TRAGL FCover product with the Geoland2/BioPar version 1 (GEOV1) FCover product indicates that these FCover products exhibit similar spatial distribution pattern. However, there were relatively large discrepancies between these FCover products over equatorial rainforests, broadleaf crops in East-central United States, and needleleaf forests in Europe and Siberia. Temporal consistency analysis indicates that TRAGL FCover product has continuous trajectories. Direct validation with ground-based FCover estimates demonstrated that TRAGL FCover values were more accurate (RMSE = 0.0865, and R2 = 0.8848) than GEOV1 (RMSE = 0.1541, and R2 = 0.7621).
Efficacy of Goal-Directed Therapy Using Bioreactance Cardiac Output Monitoring after Valvular Heart Surgery

Purpose We compared the efficacy of postoperative hemodynamic goal-directed therapy (GDT) using a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) and bioreactance-based noninvasive cardiac output monitoring (NICOM) in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing valvular heart surgery. Materials and Methods Fifty eight patients were randomized into two groups of GDT with common goals to maintain a mean arterial pressure of 60-80 mm Hg and cardiac index ≥2 L/min/m2: the PAC group (n=29), based on pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and the NICOM group (n=29), based on changes in stroke volume index after passive leg raising. The primary efficacy variable was length of hospital stay. Secondary efficacy variables included resource utilization including vasopressor and inotropic requirement, fluid balance, and major morbidity endpoints. Results Patient characteristics and operative data were similar between the groups, except that significantly more patients underwent double valve replacement in the NICOM group. The lengths of hospital stay were not different between the two groups (12.2±4.8 days vs. 10.8±4.0 days, p=0.239). Numbers of patients requiring epinephrine (5 vs. 0, p=0.019) and ventilator care >24 h (6 vs. 1, p=0.044) were significantly higher in the PAC group. The PAC group also required significantly larger amounts of colloid (1652±519 mL vs. 11430±463 mL, p=0.004). Conclusion NICOM-based postoperative hemodynamic GDT showed promising results in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing valvular heart surgery in terms of resource utilization.
Anomalous Gauge Boson Interactions

We discuss the direct measurement of the trilinear vector boson couplings in present and future collider experiments. The major goals of such experiments will be the confirmation of the Standard Model (SM) predictions and the search for signals of new physics. We review our current theoretical understanding of anomalous trilinear gauge-boson self interactions. If the energy scale of the new physics is {approx} 1 TeV, these low energy anomalous couplings are expected to be no larger than {Omicron}(10{sup -2}). Constraints from high precision measurements at LEP and low energy charged and neutral current processes are critically reviewed.
Incorporation and turnover of biotin-labeled actin microinjected into fibroblastic cells: an immunoelectron microscopic study

We investigated the mechanism of turnover of an actin microfilament system in fibroblastic cells on an electron microscopic level. A new derivative of actin was prepared by labeling muscle actin with biotin. Cultured fibroblastic cells were microinjected with biotinylated actin, and incorporated biotin-actin molecules were detected by immunoelectron microscopy using an anti-biotin antibody and a colloidal gold-labeled secondary antibody. We also analyzed the localization of injected biotin-actin molecules on a molecular level by freeze-drying techniques. Incorporation of biotin-actin was rapid in motile peripheral regions, such as lamellipodia and microspikes. At approximately 1 min after injection, biotin-actin molecules were mainly incorporated into the distal part of actin bundles in the microspikes. Heavily labeled actin filaments were also observed at the distal fringe of the densely packed actin networks in the lamellipodium. By 5 min after injection, most actin polymers in microspikes and lamellipodia were labeled uniformly. These findings suggest that actin subunits are added preferentially at the membrane-associated ends of preexisting actin filaments. At earlier times after injection, we often observed that the labeled segments were continuous with unlabeled segments, suggesting the incorporation of new subunits at the ends of preexisting filaments. Actin incorporation into stress fibers was a slower process. At 2-3 min after injection, microfilaments at the surface of stress fibers incorporated biotin-actin, but filaments in the core region of stress fibers did not. At 5-10 min after injection, increasing density of labeling along stress fibers toward their distal ends was observed. Stress fiber termini are generally associated with focal contacts. There was no rapid nucleation of actin filaments off the membrane of focal contacts and the pattern of actin incorporation at focal contacts was essentially identical to that into distal parts of stress fibers. By 60 min after injection, stress fibers were labeled uniformly. We also analyzed the actin incorporation into polygonal nets of actin bundles. Circular dense foci, where actin bundles radiate, were stable structures, and actin filaments around the foci incorporated biotin- actin the slowest among the actin-containing structures within the injected cells. These results indicate that the rate and pattern of actin subunit incorporation differ in different regions of the cytoplasm and suggest the possible role of rapid actin polymerization at the leading margin on the protrusive movement of fibroblastic cells.
Evaluation of the flexibility, efficacy, and safety of a foldable capsular vitreous body in the treatment of severe retinal detachment.

PURPOSE To determine the flexibility, efficacy, and safety of a novel foldable capsular vitreous body (FCVB) in the treatment of severe retinal detachment in human eyes. METHODS The study involved 11 patients with 11 severe retinal detachments. A standard three-port pars plana vitrectomy was performed, and the FCVB was triple-folded and implanted into the vitreous cavity. Balanced salt solution was then injected into the capsule of the FCVB to support the retina. The treated eyes were examined by ophthalmoscopy, fundus photography, and tonometry during a 3-month implantation period. B-scan ultrasonography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and electroretinogram (ERG) were also performed. The FCVB was removed and examined in the laboratory at the end of the 3-month treatment time. RESULTS The FCVB was easily implanted into the vitreous cavity through a 3-mm incision and was easily removed through a 2-mm scleral incision. Retinal reattachment was found in 8 (73%) of 11 eyes at the end of the 3-month treatment time. The fundus, B-scan, and OCT showed that the FCVB was well distributed in the vitreous cavity and evenly supported the retina. IOP and visual acuity in the FCVB-treated eyes did not show a significant difference when compared with the preoperative measurements. UBM showed that the FCVB smoothly contacted but did not crush the ciliary body. Laboratory examinations showed no significant inflammatory cells in the balanced salt solution, no decrease in spectral transmittance, and no blocking of tiny apertures from the FCVB after a 3-month implantation period. CONCLUSIONS The FCVB was shown to be flexible, effective, and safe as a vitreous substitute over a 3-month implantation time. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00910702.).
Oligosaccharide Binding Proteins from Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Reveal a Preference for Host Glycans

Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) is a common member of the infant intestinal microbiota, and it has been characterized by its foraging capacity for human milk oligosaccharides (HMO). Its genome sequence revealed an overabundance of the Family 1 of solute binding proteins (F1SBPs), part of ABC transporters and associated with the import of oligosaccharides. In this study we have used the Mammalian Glycan Array to determine the specific affinities of these proteins. This was correlated with binding protein expression induced by different prebiotics including HMO. Half of the F1SBPs in B. infantis were determined to bind mammalian oligosaccharides. Their affinities included different blood group structures and mucin oligosaccharides. Related to HMO, other proteins were specific for oligomers of lacto-N-biose (LNB) and polylactosamines with different degrees of fucosylation. Growth on HMO induced the expression of specific binding proteins that import HMO isomers, but also bind blood group and mucin oligosaccharides, suggesting coregulated transport mechanisms. The prebiotic inulin induced other family 1 binding proteins with affinity for intestinal glycans. Most of the host glycan F1SBPs in B. infantis do not have homologs in other bifidobacteria. Finally, some of these proteins were found to be adherent to intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. In conclusion, this study represents further evidence for the particular adaptations of B. infantis to the infant gut environment, and helps to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in this process.