Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Independence of concepts with application to conceptual modeling

This paper investigates the independence relation of concepts and its application to conceptual modeling which is important for knowledge engineering and software engineering of today. Four possible (collectively exhaustive and mutually exclusive) basic relations of two concepts are given and analyzed, whereby the notion of independence relation is introduced. Formalism for the independence of concepts is presented. Forms of expressions for defining or describing concepts in a description logic TBox are discussed, with emphasis on the form of intersection of independent concepts.
Norwalk Virus Open Reading Frame 3 Encodes a Minor Structural Protein

ABSTRACT Norwalk virus (NV) is a causative agent of acute epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans. The inability to cultivate NV has required the use of molecular techniques to examine the genome organization and functions of the viral proteins. The function of the NV protein encoded by open reading frame 3 (ORF 3) has been unknown. In this paper, we report the characterization of the NV ORF 3 protein expressed in a cell-free translation system and in insect cells and show its association with recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) and NV virions. Expression of the ORF 3 coding region in rabbit reticulocyte lysates resulted in the production of a single protein with an apparent molecular weight of 23,000 (23K protein), which is not modified by N-linked glycosylation. The ORF 3 protein was expressed in insect cells by using two different baculovirus recombinants; one recombinant contained the entire 3′ end of the genome beginning with the ORF 2 coding sequences (ORFs 2+3), and the second recombinant contained ORF 3 alone. Expression from the construct containing both ORF 2 and ORF 3 resulted in the expression of a single protein (23K protein) detected by Western blot analysis with ORF 3-specific peptide antisera. However, expression from a construct containing only the ORF 3 coding sequences resulted in the production of multiple forms of the ORF 3 protein ranging in size from 23,000 to 35,000. Indirect-immunofluorescence studies using an ORF 3 peptide antiserum showed that the ORF 3 protein is localized to the cytoplasm of infected insect cells. The 23K ORF 3 protein was consistently associated with recombinant VLPs purified from the media of insect cells infected with a baculovirus recombinant containing the entire 3′ end of the NV genome. Western blot analysis of NV purified from the stools of NV-infected volunteers revealed the presence of a 35K protein as well as multiple higher-molecular-weight bands specifically recognized by an ORF 3 peptide antiserum. These results indicate that the ORF 3 protein is a minor structural protein of the virion.
The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. XIV. Analysis of Color-Magnitude Relations in Globular Cluster Systems

We examine the correlation between globular cluster (GC) color and magnitude using HST ACS imaging for a sample of 79 early-type galaxies (-21.7 < MB < -15.2 mag) with accurate SBF distances from the ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. Using the KMM mixture modeling algorithm, we find a highly significant correlation, γz ≡ d(g - z)/dz = -0.037 ± 0.004, between color and magnitude for the subpopulation of blue GCs in the co-added GC color-magnitude diagram of the three brightest Virgo Cluster galaxies (M49, M87, and M60): brighter GCs are redder than their fainter counterparts. For the single GC systems of M87 and M60, we find similar correlations; M49 does not appear to show a significant trend. There is no correlation between (g - z) and Mz for GCs of the red subpopulation. The correlation γg ≡ d(g - z)/dg for the blue subpopulation is much weaker than d(g - z)/dz. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we attribute this finding to the fact that the blue subpopulation in Mg extends to higher luminosities than does the red subpopulation, which biases the KMM fit results. The correlation between color and Mz thus is a real effect: this conclusion is supported by biweight fits to the same color distributions. We identify two environmental dependencies that influence the derived color-magnitude relation: (1) the slope decreases in significance with decreasing galaxy luminosity; and (2) the slope is stronger for GC populations located at smaller galactocentric distances. We examine several physical mechanisms that might give rise to the observed color-magnitude relation: (1) presence of contaminators; (2) accretion of GCs from low-mass galaxies; (3) stochastic effects; (4) the capture of field stars by individual GCs; and (5) GC self-enrichment. We conclude that self-enrichment and field-star capture, or a combination of these processes, offer the most promising means of explaining our observations.
Natural polymer based composite membranes for water purification: a review

ABSTRACT The ever-growing population, environmental pollution and ecological degradation cause suffering to human race due to chemicals and other water contaminants such as chemicals, heavy metals, pesticides and insecticides. Hence, attempts are made to purify water by advanced technologies employing smart materials. The advanced nanotechnology aids to control structural and chemical functionality in the composite materials which potentially escort novel membrane module for water purification. This review focuses on the existing membrane technology involved in water purification and portrays molecular-level rationally designed approaches for engineering biopolymer based selective membranes. Graphical Abstract
A “rose is a rose is a rose is a rose,” but exactly what is a gastric adenocarcinoma?

In the 14 July 1997, issue of Lancet, Schlemper et al. [1] reported a study in which four Japanese and four Western pathologists (from the United States, Canada, Germany, and Finland) compared their diagnoses of gastric biopsy and resection specimens having epithelial lesions ranging from reactive, through preneoplastic, to invasive carcinoma. These pathologists independently classified microscopic slides from 17 biopsies and 18 mucosal resections of 19 cases of neoplastic and nonneoplastic gastric epithelium. All of the lesions were superficial, involving only the mucosa, or when invasive, not extending beyond the submucosa, thus including examples of early gastric cancer. The selection of primarily superficial lesions focused attention on the minimal criteria required for the diagnosis of malignancy by pathologists from different parts of the world. The pattern that emerged indicated that the terminology favored by the Japanese pathologists differed from that favored by three of the Western pathologists for the same lesions; the fourth Western pathologist sided with the Japanese. Specifically, the Japanese pathologists’ threshold for diagnosing carcinoma was lower than that of the Western pathologists. The Japanese did not require the presence of invasion for a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the
Toward an automatic method for extracting cancer- and other disease-related point mutations from the biomedical literature

MOTIVATION A major goal of biomedical research in personalized medicine is to find relationships between mutations and their corresponding disease phenotypes. However, most of the disease-related mutational data are currently buried in the biomedical literature in textual form and lack the necessary structure to allow easy retrieval and visualization. We introduce a high-throughput computational method for the identification of relevant disease mutations in PubMed abstracts applied to prostate (PCa) and breast cancer (BCa) mutations. RESULTS We developed the extractor of mutations (EMU) tool to identify mutations and their associated genes. We benchmarked EMU against MutationFinder--a tool to extract point mutations from text. Our results show that both methods achieve comparable performance on two manually curated datasets. We also benchmarked EMU's performance for extracting the complete mutational information and phenotype. Remarkably, we show that one of the steps in our approach, a filter based on sequence analysis, increases the precision for that task from 0.34 to 0.59 (PCa) and from 0.39 to 0.61 (BCa). We also show that this high-throughput approach can be extended to other diseases. DISCUSSION Our method improves the current status of disease-mutation databases by significantly increasing the number of annotated mutations. We found 51 and 128 mutations manually verified to be related to PCa and Bca, respectively, that are not currently annotated for these cancer types in the OMIM or Swiss-Prot databases. EMU's retrieval performance represents a 2-fold improvement in the number of annotated mutations for PCa and BCa. We further show that our method can benefit from full-text analysis once there is an increase in Open Access availability of full-text articles. AVAILABILITY Freely available at: http://bioinf.umbc. edu/EMU/ftp.
Robots Conquer the World [Turning Point]

Be it big, heavy robots in production, service robots in such areas as agriculture or logistics, or vacuum-/window-cleaning robots for private use: in nearly every segment of the robotics market, 2014 saw significant growth in both unit sales and revenues. These results come from "World Robotics Statistics 2015," published by the International Federation of Robotics (IFR). The Fraunhofer Institute of Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA edited the part on service robotics.
Nonlinear methods for biopattern analysis: role and challenges

An important trend in medical technology is towards support for personalised healthcare, fuelled by developments in genomic-based medicine. New computational intelligent techniques for biodata analysis will be needed to fully exploit the vast amounts of data that are being generated. Non-linear signal processing methods will form an important part of such computational intelligent techniques. This paper introduces some non-linear methods which are likely to play a role in the emerging area of biopattern and bioprofile analysis that will underpin personalized healthcare. We highlight their application to clinical problems involving EEG and fetal ECG and heart rate analysis, and issues that arise when they are applied to real world problems. The clinical problems include dementia assessment, drug administration and fetal monitoring. The potential role and challenges in the application of non-linear signal analysis of biopattern and bioprofile are highlighted within the context of a major EU project, BIOPATTERN.
Investigating the use of visual focus of attention for audio-visual speaker diarisation

Audio-visual speaker diarisation is the task of estimating ``who spoke when'' using audio and visual cues. In this paper we propose the combination of an audio diarisation system with psychology inspired visual features, reporting experiments on multiparty meetings, a challenging domain characterised by unconstrained interaction and participant movements. More precisely the role of gaze in coordinating speaker turns was exploited by the use of Visual Focus of Attention features. Experiments were performed both with the reference and 3 automatic VFoA estimation systems, based on head pose and visual activity cues, of increasing complexity. VFoA features yielded consistent speaker diarisation improvements in combination with audio features using a multi-stream approach.
Event-based analysis of a L2 prefetch related parallel nonscaling on intel dual core processor

Performance degradation is a common problem in parallel computing as when a workload is parallelised the speedup gained is notably lower than the factor predicted by Amdahl's law. This work examines such a case where image pixels are summed up along the rows in parallel by two threads, but no speedup against the sequential summation is gained on images whose sizes exceed the capacity of the L2 cache of the processor. Counts collected by Intel VTune™Performance Analyser on relevant performance events show that this nonscaling problem is not caused by those well-understood pitfalls, such as cache contention, bus overloading and unbalanced workload, but that over the parallel summation the L2 prefetchers of the processor are less effective in bringing in data before they are needed. Consequently, a considerably more number of cache lines are brought into the L2 cache by demand requests originated from the L1 data caches, and for such accesses the parallel computation pay the penalty.
MoM-SO: A Complete Method for Computing the Impedance of Cable Systems Including Skin, Proximity, and Ground Return Effects

The availability of accurate and broadband models for underground and submarine cable systems is of paramount importance for the correct prediction of electromagnetic transients in power grids. Recently, we proposed the MoM-SO method for extracting the series impedance of power cables while accounting for the skin and proximity effects in the conductors. In this paper, we extend the method to include ground return effects and to handle cables placed inside a tunnel. Numerical tests show that the proposed method is more accurate than widely used analytic formulas, and is much faster than existing proximity-aware approaches, such as finite elements. For a three-phase cable system in a tunnel, the proposed method requires only 0.3 s of CPU time per frequency point, against the 8.3 min taken by finite elements, for a speed up beyond 1000 X.
Structural analysis reflects the evolutionary relationship between the human desmocollin gene family members

Abstract: Desmocollins, members of the desmosomal cadherin family, are known to play an important role in desmosomal intercellular adhesion. The human desmosomal cadherin cluster is located on chromosome 18q12, and consists of three desmoglein and three desmocollin genes. The cDNAs of all six of these genes have been cloned and sequenced, however, the exon–intron organization was reported for only one human desmocollin gene, DSC2. We elucidated the exon–intron structures of the DSC1 and DSC3 genes using PCR amplification of genomic DNA and direct sequencing of BAC clones. The results suggest a strong evolutionary conservation between the genomic organization of the desmocollin genes.
Expression of iron regulatory genes in a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract: Background/Aims: The altered iron metabolism in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), characterized by the iron‐deficient phenotype, is suggested to be of importance for tumour growth. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. We asked whether these iron perturbations would involve altered expression of genes controlling iron homeostasis.
Learning Arguments and Supertypes of Semantic Relations Using Recursive Patterns

A challenging problem in open information extraction and text mining is the learning of the selectional restrictions of semantic relations. We propose a minimally supervised bootstrapping algorithm that uses a single seed and a recursive lexico-syntactic pattern to learn the arguments and the supertypes of a diverse set of semantic relations from the Web. We evaluate the performance of our algorithm on multiple semantic relations expressed using "verb", "noun", and "verb prep" lexico-syntactic patterns. Human-based evaluation shows that the accuracy of the harvested information is about 90%. We also compare our results with existing knowledge base to outline the similarities and differences of the granularity and diversity of the harvested knowledge.
Strategies for query unnesting in XML databases

Queries formulated in a nested way are very common in XQuery. Unfortunately, their evaluation is usually very inefficient when done in a straightforward fashion. We present a framework for handling nested queries that is based on unnesting the queries after having translated them into an algebra. We not only present a collection of algebraic equivalences, but also supply a strategy on how to use them effectively. The full potential of the approach is demonstrated by applying our rewrites to actual queries and showing that performance gains of several orders of magnitude are possible.
Canonical Representations for the Geometries of Multiple Projective Views

This work is in the context of motion and stereo analysis. It presents a new unified representation which will be useful when dealing with multiple views in the case of uncalibrated cameras. Several levels of information might be considered, depending on the availability of information. Among other things, an algebraic description of the epipolar geometry ofNviews is introduced, as well as a framework for camera self-calibration, calibration updating, and structure from motion in an image sequence taken by a camera which is zooming and moving at the same time. We show how a special decomposition of a set of two or three general projection matrices, calledcanonical, enables us to build geometric descriptions for a system of cameras which are invariant with respect to a given group of transformations. These representations are minimal and capture completely the properties of each level of description considered, Euclidean (in the context of calibration, and in the context of structure from motion, which we distinguish clearly), affine, and projective, that we also relate to each other. In the last case, a new decomposition of the well-knownfundamental matrixis obtained. Dependencies, which appear when three or more views are available, are studied in the context of the canonic decomposition, and new composition formulas are established. The theory is illustrated by tutorial examples with real images.
Polish groups with metrizable universal minimal flows

We prove that if the universal minimal flow of a Polish group $G$ is metrizable and contains a $G_\delta$ orbit $G \cdot x_0$, then it is isomorphic to the completion of the homogeneous space $G/G_{x_0}$ and show how this result translates naturally in terms of structural Ramsey theory. We also investigate universal minimal proximal flows and describe concrete representations of them in a number of examples.
Slow Conduction and Enhanced Anisotropy Increase the Propensity for Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias in Adult Mice With Induced Deletion of Connexin43

Background—Connexin 43 (Cx43) is a major determinant of conduction in the ventricular working myocardium of mammals. We investigated the effect of decreased Cx43 expression on conduction velocity and arrhythmogenesis using adult mice with inducible deletion of Cx43. Methods and Results—Cx43Cre-ER(T)/+ mice, in which 1 coding region of the Cx43 gene was replaced by Cre-ER(T), were mated to Cx43fl/fl mice, generating Cx43Cre-ER(T)/fl mice. Application of 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) induced Cre-ER(T)–mediated deletion of the floxed Cx43 allele. Epicardial ventricular mapping using a 13×19 multiterminal electrode grid (300-&mgr;m spacing) was performed on Langendorff-perfused hearts from Cx43fl/fl plus carrier (n=10), Cx43fl/fl plus 4-OHT (n=10), Cx43 Cre-ER(T)/fl plus carrier (n=9), and Cx43Cre-ER(T)/fl plus 4-OHT (n=10). Cx43 protein amount in group 3 hearts was decreased by ≈50% compared with group 1. 4-OHT did not affect cardiac protein amounts in group 2 but decreased Cx43 expression up to 95% in group 4 compared with group 3. Epicardial activation of both left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) during sinus rhythm was similar in all groups. Conduction velocity (CV) changed only in group 4 animals. For RV (LV), longitudinal CV decreased from 38 (35) to 31.6 (33.6) and transverse CV from 24.4 (16.8) to 10.1 (11.3) cm/s. Dispersion of conduction in RV (LV) was increased by 91% (38%). Programmed stimulation resulted in ventricular arrhythmias in group 4 (7 of 10 mice) but never in groups 1 through 3. Conclusions—Heterozygous expression of Cx43 did not affect ventricular conduction velocity. Up to 95% decrease of Cx43 protein in 4-OHT–treated Cx43Cre-ER(T)/fl mice reduced conduction velocity and increased dispersion of conduction and propensity for ventricular arrhythmias.
Application of disturbance-observer-type velocity estimator to electroacoustic absorber for noise absorbing

Direct impedance control (DIC) technique used for an electroacoustic absorber in this paper requires a pair of pressure and velocity sensor. However, it can be quite costly to develop array system of this electrostatic absorber for acoustically large space. To overcome this problem, in this paper instead of using velocity sensor, disturbance-observer-type velocity estimator is applied to DIC technique for the electroacoustic absorber. In order to verify the practicality of this technique, a robust velocity estimation performance of disturbance-observer-type velocity estimator to acoustic load change of the loudspeaker diaphragm is demonstrated experimentally. Next, its velocity estimation performance is verified after diaphragm velocity is induced both by external pressure and applied DIC voltage. Finally, the possibility of applying disturbance-observer-type velocity estimator to electroacoustic absorber is verified through the measurement of sound absorption coefficients. In this paper, the possibility for the real space acoustic control using array system of electroacoustic absorber using DIC technique is presented.
Selective suppression of the major idiotypic component of an antihapten response by soluble T cell-derived factors with idiotypic or anti- idiotypic receptors

Evidence is presented for the selective suppression of the major idiotypic component of the humoral response to the phenylarsonate hapten by soluble factors derived from T cells (TsF). The existence of TsF with anti-idiotypic receptors was also demonstrated. It was found that TsF with idiotypic and anti-idiotypic receptors coexist in cultures of spleen cells prepared from idiotypically suppressed, hyperimmunized mice. By gel filtration the molecular weight of each factor was found to be 50,000-100,000. Each is sensitive to trypsin and is bound to a column containing anti-H-2a antibodies. Evidence is discussed which suggests the possibility of mutual stimulation of suppressor T cells with idiotypic and anti-idiotypic receptors.
International Monetary Policy Coordination and Financial Market Integration

The welfare gains from international coordination of monetary policy are analysed in a two-country model with sticky prices. The gains from coordination are compared under two alternative structures for financial markets: financial autarky and risk sharing. The welfare gains from coordination are found to be largest when there is risk sharing and the elasticity of substitution between home and foreign goods is greater than unity. When there is no risk sharing the gains to coordination are almost zero. It is also shown that the welfare gain from risk sharing can be negative when monetary policy is uncoordinated.