Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Defective Regulatory T Cells In Patients with Severe Drug Eruptions: Timing of the Dysfunction Is Associated with the Pathological Phenotype and Outcome1

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) represent two ends of a spectrum of severe drug eruptions: DIHS is unique in that severe epidermal damage seen in TEN is absent, sequential reactivations of herpesviruses occur, and autoimmunity often ensues. To investigate whether changes in regulatory T (Treg) cell function would contribute to variability in the clinical manifestations, we examined the frequency, phenotype, and function of Treg cells both during the acute stage and again long after clinical resolution of both diseases. Dramatic expansions of functional Treg cells were found in the acute stage of DIHS. In contrast, Treg function was profoundly impaired in TEN, although present in normal frequency. Skin homing addressins were more preferentially expressed on Treg cells in DIHS than in TEN. Indeed, Treg cells were more abundantly present in the skin lesions of DIHS. Surprisingly, Treg cells contracted upon resolution of DIHS became functionally deficient, whereas their functional defects in TEN were restored upon recovery. These findings indicate that a transitory impairment in their function during the acute stage of TEN may be related to severe epidermal damage, while a gradual loss of their function after resolution of DIHS may increase the risk of subsequently developing autoimmune disease.
Reconstruction of large cultural heritage sites from archived maps

Reconstructions of large cultural heritage sites, at multiple time periods, facilitate public awareness, enable the visualisation of regeneration proposals, and assist archaeologists in establishing the validity of a particular hypothesis within context. This paper focuses on the reconstruction of sites that no longer exist, where archived cartography and archaeologist's sketches provide an invaluable resource conveying the layout of an area. Whilst three-dimensional models are used in a broad range of applications their construction typically involves a labour intensive process and this paper presents a set of techniques to aid the reconstruction of environments from maps. In particular, the approach considers that an environment will exhibit a substantial amount of similarity, which is exploited to reduce the modelling time. The concept of similarity permits a dominant set of k building footprints to be identified from a map. A set of models representing the k dominant footprints are created and, based upon both the image based and geometry based metrics discussed in this paper, are aligned to the closest matching footprint in the archived map. Any building that is not sufficiently close to any of the k dominant footprints is labelled as being visually distinct and requires further modelling. To evaluate the technique a reconstruction of 19th Century Koblenz is undertaken, where 2300 building footprints are extracted, classified and aligned to one of 51 dominant building footprints in under fifteen minutes.
A new, one‐step assay on whole cell suspensions for peroxidase secretion by human neutrophils and eosinophils

The degranulation of neutrophils and eosinophils is frequently monitored by assaying myeloperoxidase (MPO) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity in the cell‐free supernatant of degranulating cells, after removal of the cells by centrifugation. This procedure leads to underestimation of the extent of degranulation, since both peroxidases tend to stick to cell surfaces, to test tube walls, and to particulate stimuli used to elicit degranulation, because of their highly cationic nature. In this paper we describe a method for assaying MPO and EPO secretion in whole cell suspensions that avoids separation of the cells from the incubation medium. The least toxic and thus safest among the sensitive peroxidase substrates, 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), was employed for peroxidase assay. The method we describe here is applied to the detection of peroxidase release by neutrophil and eosinophil cell suspensions incubated in either polypropylene test tubes or flat‐ bottomed microtiter plate wells. Because of the omission of the centrifugation step, the TMB method offers two major advantages over the currently used techniques: (1) higher estimates of degranulation, which permits the use of a smaller number of cells (in the microassay version, 150,000 neutrophils and 50,000 eosinophils) and smaller amounts of the secretagogues, and (2) rapidity, since the degranulation assay can be performed immediately on completion of the cell incubation with the secretagogue.
Police-Reporting Behavior and Victim-Police Interactions as Described by Women in a Domestic Violence Shelter

Previous research has addressed the motivations of domestic violence victims to contact police and police responses to domestic violence calls. In a study of 498 women who entered a battered women's shelter, a questionnaire was used to elicit types of abuse they experienced, police contact, and police-victim interactions. Approximately 58% of victims called the police in response to physical, emotional, and other forms of domestic abuse; however, less than one fourth of the batterers were arrested. Batterers who physically abused their victims or used other forms of abuse such as sexual abuse or stalking were more frequently arrested compared to those batterers who used emotional abuse. The women arrested for domestic violence felt that they had acted in self-defense. These results suggest that the police response to domestic violence is variable and the majority of batterers, regardless of type of abuse, may not be receiving any legal or therapeutic intervention.
Extensive fever workup produces low yield in determining infectious etiology.

OBJECTIVE The study was undertaken to evaluate the use of a fever workup in women undergoing benign gynecologic procedures. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective chart review was performed at Jackson Memorial Hospital between 1994 and 2000. Information was abstracted from hospital and clinic records. Fever criteria was defined as 1 temperature equal to or greater than 101.5, or 2 equal to or greater than 100.4, at least 4 hours apart within a 24-hour period. Patients undergoing additional intraoperative procedures leading to increased febrile morbidity were excluded. Data abstracted included patient demographics, procedure, complications, antibiotic use, and extent of fever workup. Statistical analysis used was 2-sample t tests, Wilcoxon rank test, chi2 test, and multivariate logistic regression. Alpha level = . 05. RESULTS The charts of 505 patients were reviewed, and 147 patients met fever criteria. All patients underwent surgery for benign conditions, abdominal hysterectomy being the most common (90%). The study population was divided into 2 groups: the noninfectious group and infectious group. These groups were determined by wound infection, pelvic abscess, blood or urine culture, ultrasound, and chest roentgen. Both groups were found to be similar with respect to demographics, surgical procedures, and postoperative complications, with the exception of body mass index (28.4 vs 31.7) and length of hospital stay (3.9 vs 5.3). Results from fever workups included positive results blood cultures (9.7%), urine culture (18.8%), and chest roentgens (14%) in this study population. We found no association between positive urine analysis and urine culture. When comparing both groups, a statistically significant difference was found with regard to maximum temperature elevation, number of days febrile, and postoperative day of maximum temperature (P < .05). CONCLUSION The extensive fever workup was not frequently positive in this study population. Its use and cost-effectiveness should be questioned. Therefore, the fever workup should be tailored to the individual patient.
Childhood thyroid carcinoma: pathologic considerations and their therapeutic implications.

DURING the past five years, 79 new patients with carcinoma of the thyroid gland have been seen at the University of Iowa Hospitals. The mean age was 46.7 years; the median, 48 years. Eight or 10.1 per cent were less than 15 years of age. In Table 1 the number of patients in each decade has been indicated. These data agree with the findings of others (1) and serve to point out that this lesion has an age incidence quite different from that of other malignant neoplasms. A considerable difference of opinion exists with regard to the proper treatment of patients with carcinoma of the thyroid in all age groups. The slow progression of the lesion with late metastases, seen in all histologic types except the undifferentiated ones, and the lack of histologic uniformity in any one patient are perhaps the two most important factors leading to these differences of opinion.
Effective Feature Selection for 5G IM Applications Traffic Classification

Recently, machine learning (ML) algorithms have widely been applied in Internet traffic classification. However, due to the inappropriate features selection, ML-based classifiers are prone to misclassify Internet flows as that traffic occupies majority of traffic flows. To address this problem, a novel feature selection metric named weighted mutual information (WMI) is proposed. We develop a hybrid feature selection algorithm named WMI_ACC, which filters most of the features with WMI metric. It further uses a wrapper method to select features for ML classifiers with accuracy (ACC) metric. We evaluate our approach using five ML classifiers on the two different network environment traces captured. Furthermore, we also apply Wilcoxon pairwise statistical test on the results of our proposed algorithm to find out the robust features from the selected set of features. Experimental results show that our algorithm gives promising results in terms of classification accuracy, recall, and precision. Our proposed algorithm can achieve 99% flow accuracy results, which is very promising.
20 Questions on Adaptive Dynamics

Adaptive Dynamics is an approach to studying evolutionary change when fitness is density or frequency dependent. Modern papers identifying themselves as using this approach first appeared in the 1990s, and have greatly increased up to the present. However, because of the rather technical nature of many of the papers, the approach is not widely known or understood by evolutionary biologists. In this review we aim to remedy this situation by outlining the methodology and then examining its strengths and weaknesses. We carry this out by posing and answering 20 key questions on Adaptive Dynamics. We conclude that Adaptive Dynamics provides a set of useful approximations for studying various evolutionary questions. However, as with any approximate method, conclusions based on Adaptive Dynamics are valid only under some restrictions that we discuss.
Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients with Discordant Diagnostic Test Results

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and laboratory characteristics of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in patients with discordant test results for the cytotoxin assay (CYT) and PCR assays. A retrospective study from May to August 2008 and March to May 2010 was performed. CDI was diagnosed in 128 patients. PCR increased the yield of C. difficile cases by 2-fold compared to that of the CYT assay. Fifty-six cases (44%) were detected by PCR only (CYT negative). Forty-nine percent of patients with non-NAP1 strains were detected by PCR only, compared to 28% of those infected with NAP1 strains (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the clinical severity of illness and outcome among patients that tested positive for CDI by both tests (CYT and PCR) compared to those that tested positive by PCR only.
Using Unlabeled Data to Improve Inductive Models by Incorporating Transductive Models

This paper shows how to use labeled and unlabeled data to improve inductive models with the help of transductivemodels.We proposed a solution for the self-training scenario. Self- training is an effective semi-supervised wrapper method which can generalize any type of supervised inductive model to the semi-supervised settings. it iteratively refines a inductive model by bootstrap from unlabeled data. Standard self-training uses the classifier model(trained on labeled examples) to label and select candidates from the unlabeled training set, which may be problematic since the initial classifier may not be able to provide highly confident predictions as labeled training data is always rare. As a result, it could always suffer from introducing too much wrongly labeled candidates to the labeled training set, which may severely degrades performance. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel self-training style algorithm which incorporate a graph-based transductive model in the self-labeling process. Unlike standard self-training, our algorithm utilizes labeled and unlabeled data as a whole to label and select unlabeled examples for training set augmentation. A robust transductive model based on graph markov random walk is proposed, which exploits manifold assumption to output reliable predictions on unlabeled data using noisy labeled examples. The proposed algorithm can greatly minimize the risk of performance degradation due to accumulated noise in the training set. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm can effectively utilize unlabeled data to improve classification performance.
Maximising Sensitivity in a Spiking Network

We use unsupervised probabilistic machine learning ideas to try to explain the kinds of learning observed in real neurons, the goal being to connect abstract principles of self-organisation to known biophysical processes. For example, we would like to explain Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity (see [5,6] and Figure 3A), in terms of information theory. Starting out, we explore the optimisation of a network sensitivity measure related to maximising the mutual information between input spike timings and output spike timings. Our derivations are analogous to those in ICA, except that the sensitivity of output timings to input timings is maximised, rather than the sensitivity of output 'firing rates' to inputs. ICA and related approaches have been successful in explaining the learning of many properties of early visual receptive fields in rate coding models, and we are hoping for similar gains in understanding of spike coding in networks, and how this is supported, in principled probabilistic ways, by cellular biophysical processes. For now, in our initial simulations, we show that our derived rule can learn synaptic weights which can unmix, or demultiplex, mixed spike trains. That is, it can recover independent point processes embedded in distributed correlated input spike trains, using an adaptive single-layer feedforward spiking network.
Self-determination of pupils with intellectual disabilities in Norwegian secondary school

This article examines how the self-determination of pupils with intellectual disabilities is practised in secondary school in Norway and discusses possible challenges connected to this practice. The argumentation builds on the fieldwork of qualitative interviews (N = 55) and participant observations in schools in Norway (pupils 13–16 years old). The pupils attend a variety of educational settings, including ordinary classes at mainstream schools, the department of special education at mainstream schools and special education schools. The study reveals considerable variations in the pupils’ opportunities to practise self-determination. While the self-determination of pupils with intellectual disabilities is rather extensive when it comes to their influence over informal and minor decisions in everyday life at school, it is very limited when it comes to formal and major decisions. Furthermore, the implementation of the pupils’ self-determination is primarily spontaneous and seldom anchored in the pupils’ Individual Education Plans. Such an implementation practice limits the pupils’ opportunities to participate in democratic processes, learning and social interaction.
TRANSFORMATION REACTIONS WITH TWO NON-ALLELIC R MUTANTS OF THE SAME STRAIN OF PNEUMOCOCCUS TYPE VIII

Two distinct R mutants of pneumococcus type VIIIS have been described in which the mutations leading to loss of type VIII polysaccharide production are non-allelic. A DNA extract prepared from either R strain restores the capacity to produce type VIII polysaccharide in the other strain. Autologous extracts are inert in this respect. DNA extracts from pneumococcus type IIS when applied to the two R mutants consistently yielded a high proportion of cells transformed to type VIIIS and relatively small numbers of type IIS cells. When extracts prepared from other encapsulated pneumococci, types IS, VIIS, XIVS, and XVIIIS, were applied to R mutant VIII-R1, a mixture of type VIIIS cells and cells corresponding to the type of the donor appeared, although the proportion of type VIIIS cells was not uniformly in excess. The same extracts applied to the second R mutant, VIII-R13, yielded transformed cells of the type of the donor only, or else transformation did not occur. Transforming extracts of a strain of pneumococcus type IIIS gave rise only to type IIIS pneumococci when applied to either strain. Type VIIIS pneumococci were never recovered from such interactions.
Grewia Gum 2: Mucoadhesive Properties of Compacts and Gels

Purpose: To compare the mucoadhesive performance of grewia polysaccharide gum with those of guar gum, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and carbopol 971P. Methods: Grewia polysaccharide gum compacts or gels as well as those of guar gum, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose or carbopol 971P were prepared. Texturometric and tensile analysis of the polymer gels and compacts were carried out using a software-controlled penetrometre, TA.XTPlus texture analyzer. The polymer gels were evaluated for hardness, stickiness, work of cohesion and work of adhesion. Furthermore, the detachment force of the polymer compacts from a mucin substrate was evaluated. Results: The work of adhesion of guar gels was significantly greater than that of grewia gels (p 0.05). Conclusion: Grewia polysaccharide gum demonstrated good mucoadhesive properties, comparable to those of carbopol 971P, carboxymethylcellulose, guar gum and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and therefore, should be suitable for the formulation of retentive drug delivery devices.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Recognition of acute severe hypoxia of non-cardiogenic cause in critically ill patients has been long-standing. In 1967, Ashbaugh et al. described a group of patients with ‘acute onset of tachypnoea, hypoxaemia and loss of compliance after a variety of stimuli’. Since then further attempts to define, diagnose, and understand the aetiology of this condition have led to considerable advances in management. With this review, we seek to provide an updated overview of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), including a revised definition and current evidence-based management. Definitions and diagnosis
he Challenges of Teaching Good Information Processing to Learning Disabled Students

Abstract A MODEL of good information processing is sketched, describing how metacognitive knowledge influences strategy selection and use. Three factors pose particular problems for learning disabled students as they attempt to acquire metacognitive knowledge and to use study strategies productively: neurological impairments; deficiencies in general world knowledge; and negative beliefs, attitudes, and styles that limit self‐efficacy. Creating an educational atmosphere that explicitly builds conceptual (domain‐specific) knowledge and teaches positive beliefs about learning potential is essential in promoting metacognitively‐oriented instruction.
Stability, control, and power flow in ad hoc DC microgrids

Lack of access to electricity continues to plague more than one billion people. Microgrids which could be set up with limited planning would allow underserved communities to participate in energy markets without central oversight, but preexisting stability criteria and control techniques are ill-suited to this kind of network. We focus on the stability and control of networks formed by the ad hoc interconnection of modular power sources and loads. Equilibrium point feasibility - a minimum node voltage and minimum distribution efficiency - can be guaranteed by placing upper bounds on the droop and line resistances. Small-signal stability of the equilibrium point can be guaranteed by including a minimum capacitance (often already present) at the input of each load converter. We derive closed-form expressions for each of these bounds. Additionally, we present experimental validation of a new, multipurpose, secondary microgrid control scheme. The proposed method improves voltage regulation and power sharing - eliminating the steady-state power sharing error inherent to previous methods.
Distinct Cellular Factors Regulate the c-myb Promoter through Its E2F Element

ABSTRACT Most E2F-driven promoters are transiently activated around the G1/S transition. Although the promoter for the c-myb proto-oncogene harbors an E2F element, it is induced early in G1 following entry into the cell cycle. Furthermore, this promoter remains active throughout subsequent cell cycles. Since E2F sites function as repressor elements during G1 (due to the association of pRb with E2F factors), we investigated whether the E2F element in the c-myb promoter is regulated differently than E2F elements in promoters that are repressed during G1. By gel shift analysis, the E2F element from the c-myb promoter was found to form a unique complex, referred to as E2Fmyb-sp, which was not observed with E2F elements from several other promoters. Antibodies to DP-1, E2F1 to -5, p107, or pRb failed to either supershift or block E2Fmyb-sp complex formation. Methylation interference experiments indicate that the DNA contact residues for the E2Fmyb-sp complex are distinct from but overlapping with residues required for the binding of E2F proteins. In addition to the identification of E2Fmyb-sp, we have found that SP-1 binds to the c-myb E2F element. Functional studies revealed that E2Fmyb-sp and/or SP-1 are required to achieve full activation of the c-myb promoter in different cell types and to maintain elevated expression of the c-myb promoter during G1 in NIH 3T3 cells. These studies demonstrate that E2F elements can be regulated differently through the binding of unique sets of proteins.
Exploring Linguistic Interdependence between American Sign Language and English through Correlational and Multiple Regression Analyses of the Abilities of Biliterate Deaf Adults

The purpose of this study was to explore issues of linguistic interdependence between American Sign Language (ASL) and English within the context of reading comprehension skills among thirty-two bilingual Deaf (Note 1) adults. By synthesizing findings within existing literature, a prediction model of reading comprehension was developed. Researchers investigated whether or not the threshold hypothesis and linguistic interdependence theory (Cummins, 1976, 1979, 1981, 2003) could be generalizable to bimodal bilinguals. Researchers investigated relationships among six instructional constructs and several environmental variables thought to be predictor variables for reading comprehension. Statistically significant findings included the identification of ten relationships among instructional predictors and five relationships regarding environmental factors. Statistically significant relationships are presented and implications for the generalizability of linguistic interdependence for bimodal bilinguals are summarized. Results of this study suggest that both the threshold hypothesis and linguistic interdependence theory are both generalizable to ASL and English, despite linguistic incongruency. Specific proficiencies transferred among ASL Morphology and English Reading Vocabulary, ASL Morphology and English Reading Comprehension, and ASL Semantics and English Language Mechanics.