Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PERBEDAAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA YANG DIAJAR DENGAN METODE BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION DAN METODE GUIDED DISCOVERY PADA SUB POKOK BAHASAN PERSAMAAN KUADRAT DI KELAS X SMA NEGERI 1 PERBAUNGAN

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi hasil belajar matematika siswa SMA Negeri 1 Perbaungan masih rendah. Untuk itu penelitian ini bertujuan : 1) Untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan antara hasil belajar matematika siswa yang diajar dengan metode behavior modification dengan hasil belajar matematika siswa yang diajar dengan metode guided discovery pada sub pokok bahasan persamaan kuadrat di kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Perbaungan. 2) Untuk mengetahui kesulitan belajar matematika yang dihadapi siswa dalam mempelajari sub pokok bahasan persamaan kuadrat di kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Perbaungan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Perbaungan T.A 2008/2009 yang banyaknya 6 kelas dan banyak siswa 230 orang. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian eksperimen semu. Teknik pengambilan sampel digunakan secara acak. Sampel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari dua kelas yaitu kelas X-6 sebagai kelas yang diajar dengan metode behavior modification yang berjumlah 36 orang dan kelas X-5 sebagai kelas yang diajar dengan metode guided discovery yang berjumlah 34 orang. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini berupa soal pre-tes dan post-tes yang bentuknya sama. Tes ini berbentuk essay test yang banyaknya 10 soal, sebelum tes hasil belajar diberikan kepada sampel terlebih dahulu tes divalidasi oleh validator. Sebelum pengujian hipotesis, terlebih dahulu diuji normalitas data dan homogenitas. Dari pengujian ini diperoleh bahwa sampel berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Hasil belajar matematika siswa yang diajar dengan metode behavior modification rata-rata pre-tes 42,64 dan pos-tes 77,61 maka tingkat perubahan hasil belajar adalah 34,97 lebih tinggi dibanding dengan hasil belajar siswa yang diajar dengan metode guided discovery rata-rata pre-tes 42,59 dan pos-tes 70,79 maka tingkat perubahan hasil belajar 28,20. Dengan menggunakan uji statistik-t pada taraf signifikan (=0,05) menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara pembelajaran dengan metode behavior modification dengan pembelajaran metode guided discovery (-1,997 1,997). Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil belajar matematika siswa yang diajarkan dengan metode behavior modification dan metode guided discovery pada sub pokok bahasan persamaan kuadrat di kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Perbaungan T.A 2008/2009. Dari tes hasil belajar siswa dan hasil wawancara diperoleh bahwa siswa masih mengalami kesulitan belajar matematika pada sub pokok persamaan kuadrat namun banyaknya siswa yang mengalami kesulitan belajar matematika ini berkurang.
Laguerre Bases for Youla-Parametrized Optimal-Controller Design: Numerical Issues and Solutions

This thesis concerns the evaluation of cost functionals on H2 when designing optimal controllers using finite Youla parameterizations and convex optimization. We propose to compute inner products of stable, strictly proper systems via solving Sylvester equations. The properties of different state space realizations of Laguerre filters, when performing Ritz expansions of the optimal controller are discussed, and a closed form expression of the output orthogonal realization is presented. An algorithm to exploit Toeplitz substructure when solving Lyapunov equations is discussed, and a method to extend SISO results to MIMO systems using the vectorization operator is proposed. Finally the methods are evaluated on example systems from the industry, where it is shown that properly selecting the cutoff frequency of the filters is an important problem that should be discussed when Laguerre bases are used to parametrize the optimal controller.
Advances in Approaches to the Cranial Base: Minimizing Morbidity

The most innovative and meaningful recent advances regarding surgery of the cranial base involve the ability to perform a complete resection followed by a water-and airtight reconstruction while minimizing facial incisions and morbidity. Perhaps the ﬁrst step in this direction took place when the subcranial/subfrontal approach was introduced for anterior skull base surgery. Originally developed by Raveh in 1978 for the management of severe skull base injuries, these approaches were later adapted for the treatment of congenital anomalies prior to their utilization for resection of anterior skull base tumors. The endoscopic approaches are quite practical with promising long-term efﬁcacy for the treatment of most benign, infectious, and inﬂammatory disorders. The minimal recovery time, functional outcomes, and obvious aesthetic advantages are only tempered by the lack of long-term data regarding the efﬁcacy of these approaches in the treatment of malignancies.
The Functional Anatomy of the Lower Face as It Applies to Rejuvenation via Chemodenervation

Botulinum toxin type A (Botox) injections have revolutionized nonsurgical rejuvenation of the upper face since their introduction in the early 1990s. Their use in the lower face has not become nearly as popular. The key to using Botox to improve the appearance of the lower face lies in understanding the functional anatomy of the lower face musculature. Although the facial plastic surgeon should be familiar with the muscles of the lower face and anatomic variations, the functional anatomy of the lower face varies widely from patient to patient and even more from one side of the face to the other. Understanding how the lower face moves is the key to using Botox to improve nasolabial folds, perioral rhytids, chin dimpling, marionette’s lines, and downturned oral commis-sures. This is not an area for the novice injector, as a few stray units are not tolerated nearly so well as they are in the upper face.
Motor data scaling by respiration frequencies in rest

MOTOR DATA SCALING BY RESPIRATION FREQEUNCIES IN REST By Amit Madhukar Kamble Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is widely used as a tool to see activations in the different brain regions. Motor data acquired from fMRI scan is accompanied with signal due to hemodynamic changes taking place during the scan. This hemodynamic signal is dominated by parameter alteration in the large vessels of brain. Scaling of task induced BOLD signal with hypercapnic or breathold data is one of the effective methods to minimize the signal due to large vessels. Patient discomfort and compliance has been a major issue with these methods hence in this study we used respiration frequencies in rest data to scale task induced data and compared results with breathold scaling. The correlation between respiration frequencies and breathold signal was very good indicating presence of hemodynamic component in respiration. Scaling was done in both time and frequency domain. Standard deviation was used in time domain and frequency fluctuation amplitude was used in frequency. Results of scaling with respiration frequencies and with breathold signal; were comparable and active areas during performance of motor task reduced after scaling, minimizing the effect of large vessels. These outcomes showed that respiration frequencies can be efficiently used for scaling data. MOTOR DATA SCALING BY RESPIRATION FREQUENCIES IN REST by Amit Madhukar Kamble A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of New Jersey Institute of Technology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biomedical Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering
Visual enumeration of spatially overlapping subsets

Observers are able to extract summary statistical properties, such as numerosity or the average, from spatially overlapping subsets of visuals objects. However, this ability is limited to about two subsets at a time, which may be primarily caused by the limited capacity of parallel representation of those subsets. In our study, we addressed several issues regarding subset representation. In four experiments, we presented observers with arrays of dots of one to six colors and instructed them to judge the number of colors. We measured both speed and accuracy of those judgments. Following standard criteria used for the interpretation of object enumeration data, we recognized two modes of subset representation: a) parallel, effortless and strategy-independent representation of no more than two subsets, and b) serial representation modulated by different attentional strategies and a working memory template. We also found an advantage of large sets over small ones, demonstrating that subset representation can be formed based on some statistical accumulation of information from individual objects. Correspondence: Igor S. Utochkin, isutochkin@inbox.ru; Psychology Department, Higher School of Economics 109316, Volgogradsky Prospect, 46-B, Room 321 Moscow, Russian Federation.
Numerical investigations of two vibrating cylinders in uniform flow using overset mesh

Abstract In this research, flow around two vibrating cylinders in a tandem arrangement is simulated at Reynolds number Re = 200 using the dynamic overset mesh technique in finite volume-based commercial software. This investigation aims to study the combined influences of the spacing between the two identical circular cylinders and their excitation frequency in the flow. The cylinders are excited by a transverse forced vibration in a uniform cross-flow by applying a simple harmonic motion. The gap distance between the vibrating cylinders is chosen to be L/D = 1.5 and 4, and the vibration amplitude is kept constant at A/D = 0.25. The study focuses on three frequency ratios of the cylinders’ excitation frequency to Strouhal shedding frequency of the single stationary cylinder f e/f s = 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2. Simulation results showed that the flow characteristics over the two vibrating circular cylinders differ from that of a single vibrating cylinder. Also, it is observed that the lock-in state (resonance) for the two vibrating cylinders and the vortex wake patterns are highly affected by the gap distance between cylinders and the excitation frequency.
Esmolol inhibits cognitive impairment and neuronal inflammation in mice with sepsis-induced brain injury

Abstract Sepsis is a potentially fatal organ failure resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection. It can be a substantial financial burden on families and society due to the high cost of medical care. The study aims to investigate the protective roles of Esmolol in mice with sepsis-induced brain injuries against cognitive dysfunction and neuronal inflammation. Male C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (10 mg/kg, L2630, Sigma) to establish a septic encephalopathy model. Esmolol (15 mg/kg/h, HY-B1392, MedChemExpress) was subcutaneously infused using osmotic mini-pumps for 6 h before LPS injection. Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests evaluated LPS-induced cognitive impairment and behavioral phenotypes. Cytokines and protein expression were assessed using ELISA assay and RT-qPCR. Esmolol treatment potentially improved cognitive impairment in septic mice. Esmolol administration markedly diminished the abnormal hippocampal neuronal structure, and the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α was significantly downregulated in the hippocampal tissue. Esmolol treatment significantly reduced apoptotic TUNEL-positive cells and reversed the related gene expression (BAX and BCL-2). The effects of esmolol on the reactive oxidative species and oxidative stress markedly reduce malondialdehyde MDA content and increase superoxide dismutase and catalase in hippocampal tissues. In addition, esmolol significantly reduced the percentage and density of Iba-1 + microglia in septic mice. Our results demonstrated that esmolol potentially improved cognitive impairment and neuronal inflammation in mice with sepsis-induced brain injury.
Content-based retrieval of biomedical images using orthogonal Fourier-Mellin moments

Abstract Biomedical imaging field is growing enormously from last decade. The medical images have been used and stored continuously for diagnosis as well as research purposes. For real-time retrieval of medical images from such storage repositories, there is a grave need of an effective and efficient biomedical image indexing and retrieval approach. In this quest, this paper presents a new approach for the retrieval of CT and MR images using orthogonal Fourier-Mellin moments (OFMMs). OFMMs have excellent information representation capability that enables them to pack the entire image information in very less number of coefficients. This property makes the proposed approach not only effective but also computationally very efficient and most favourable among all the existing approaches. The proposed approach has been tested and compared with numerous existing, state-of-the-art as well as recently published biomedical indexing and retrieval approaches on two standard databases namely, NEMA CT and NEMA MRI. Additional experiments have been conducted to analyse the noise robustness ability of the proposed and all the compared approaches. The reported results show superior retrieval performance of the proposed approach and a significant increase in the retrieval rate over all the existing approaches on noisy images on both the test databases.
Misalignment Angle Calculation Accuracy Analysis of Three-Axis Stabilized Geostationary Satellite

The most challenging problem of navigation in three-axis stabilized geostationary satellite is accurate calculation of misalignment angles, deduced by orbit measurement error, attitude measurement error, thermal elastic deformation, time synchronization error, and so on. Before the satellite is launched, the misalignment model must be established and validated. But there were no observation data, which is a non-negligible risk of yielding the greatest returns on investment. On the basis of misalignment modeling using landmarks and stars, which is not available between different organizations and is developed by ourselves, experimental data are constructed to validate the navigation processing flow as well as misalignment calculation accuracy. In the condition of using landmarks, the maximum misalignment calculation errors of roll, pitch, and yaw axis are 2, 2, and 104 micro radians, respectively, without considering the accuracy of image edge detection. While in the condition of using stars, the maximum errors of roll, pitch, and yaw axis are 1, 1, and 3 micro radians, respectively, without considering the accuracy of star center extraction. Results are rather encouraging, which pave the way for high-accuracy image navigation of three-axis stabilized geostationary satellite. The misalignment modeling as well as calculation method has been used in the new generation of geostationary meteorological satellite in China, FY-4 series, the first satellite of which was launched at the end of 2016.
A Kotel'nikov Representation for Wavelets

This paper presents a wavelet representation using baseband signals, by exploiting Kotel'nikov results. Details of how to obtain the processes of envelope and phase at low frequency are shown. The archetypal interpretation of wavelets as an analysis with a filter bank of constant quality factor is revisited on these bases. It is shown that if the wavelet spectral support is limited into the band $[f_m,f_M]$, then an orthogonal analysis is guaranteed provided that $f_M \leq 3f_m$, a quite simple result, but that invokes some parallel with the Nyquist rate. Nevertheless, in cases of orthogonal wavelets whose spectrum does not verify this condition, it is shown how to construct an "equivalent" filter bank with no spectral overlapping.
Clinical Application of Argon Plasma Coagulation in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Has the Time Come to Replace the Laser?

Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is a recently introduced treatment in digestive endoscopy. Since the first description of this technique [1], and of early endoscopic experience with it [2], it has become more and more widely used, so that the question arises of whether it should replace the laser in some of its indications, or in most of them, or even in all of them. In fact, its expected advantages are numerous and have been recently reiterated [3, 4]. The main ones are the following: effective and safe coagulation; noncontact mode (2 ± 10 mm); axial, radial, and retrograde application; controllable depth of coagulation (0.5 ± 3 mm); marked desiccation; no destruction of metal stents; little smoke or vapor; mobile handy apparatus; steerable, robust, and cheap applicators; low cost in purchase, use, and maintenance and no extended safety precautions. In this review we sum up the situation regarding the published data on the main indications of APC in gastrointestinal diseases, and to compare the results in medical literature with our own experience in, up to now, more than 300 patients.
CRISPR/Cas9 screenings unearth protein arginine methyltransferase 7 as a novel driver of metastasis in prostate cancer

Owing to the inefficacy of available treatments, the survival rate of patients with metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) is severely decreased. Therefore, it is crucial to identify new therapeutic targets to increase their survival. This study aim was to identify the most relevant regulators of mPCa onset by performing two high-throughput CRISPR/Cas9 screenings. Furthermore, some of the top hits were validated using small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology, with protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) being the best candidate. Its inhibition or depletion via CRISPR significantly reduced mPCa cell capacities in vitro. Moreover, PRMT7 ablation reduced mPCa appearance in chicken chorioallantoic membrane and mouse xenograft assays. Molecularly, PRMT7 reprograms the expression of several adhesion molecules through methylation of several transcription factors, such as FoxK1 or NR1H2, which results in primary tumor PCa cell adhesion loss and motility gain. Importantly, PRMT7 is upregulated in advanced stages of Spanish PCa tumor samples and PRMT7 pharmacological inhibition reduces the dissemination of mPCa cells. Thus, here is shown that PRMT7 is a potential therapeutic target and biomarker of mPCa.
Cymetra

Soft tissue replacement using a ﬁller as a temporary scaffold to encourage revascularization and tissue in growth is an exciting concept. Sheets of acellular human dermal matrix, called Alloderm (Lifecell Corp, Branchburg, NJ), have been shown to do just that. When implanted into a patient, tissue growth and revascularization have both been observed. 1,2 The company manufactures a micronized or injectable form called Cymetra. This article reviews the manufacturing, tissue interaction, clinical applications, and anticipated clinical results.
Trade-offs in a reef-building coral after six years of thermal acclimation

Evidence is growing that reef-building corals have the capacity to acclimate to new and challenging thermal conditions by increasing their thermal resistance. This raises hopes for their future persistence in a warming world. However, potential trade-offs that accompany such resistance gains, have remained largely unexplored. We provide the first report on the physiological trade-offs in a globally abundant and ecologically relevant coral species (Pocillopora acuta), after a long-term exposure to an elevated temperature of 31 °C in comparison to conspecifics cultivated under a cooler ‘control’ thermal regime. At both temperatures, corals consistently appeared to be visually healthy throughout a six-year period. At 31 °C, corals had increased metabolic rates (both respiration and photosynthesis) that resulted in higher biomass accumulation and total energy reserves compared to the corals from the ambient regime. Further, the composition of coral host tissues shifted in favor of lipid build-up, suggesting an altered mechanism of energy storage. The increase in biomass growth came at the cost of declining skeletal growth rates and the formation of higher density skeletons. In the long-term, this trade-off will result in lower extension rates that can entail major ramifications for future reef building processes and reef community composition. Moreover, symbionts at 31 °C were physiologically more compromised with overall lower energy reserves, possibly indicating a stronger exploitation by the host and potentially a lower stress resilience. Our study provides first insights into a successful thermal acclimation mechanism that involved the prioritization of energy storage over skeletal growth, entailing higher demands on the symbionts. Our observation in this 6-year study does not align with observations of short-term studies, where elevated temperatures caused a depletion of tissue lipids in corals, which highlights the importance of studying acclimation of organisms over their relevant biological scales. Further investigations into trade-offs at biologically relevant scales and how they unfold under an acute heat stress will help to provide a more comprehensive picture of the future coral reef trajectory. Importantly, these insights will also help improve interventions aimed at increasing the thermal resilience of corals which anticipate to use thermal preconditioning treatments for stress-hardening. Graphical abstract
Asynchronous oscillations of rigid rods drive viscous fluid to swirl

We present a minimal system for generating ﬂow at low Reynolds number by oscillating a pair of rigid rods in silicone oil. Experiments show that oscillating them in phase produces no net ﬂow, but a phase diﬀerence alone can generate rich ﬂow ﬁelds. Tracer particles follow complex trajectory patterns consisting of small orbital movements every cycle and then drifting or swirling in larger regions after many cycles. Observations are consistent with simulations performed using the method of regularized Stokeslets, which reveal complex 3D ﬂow structures emerging from simple oscillatory actuation. Our ﬁndings reveal the basic underlying ﬂow structure around oscillatory protrusions such as hairs and legs as commonly featured on living and non-living bodies.
Subspace method with multi scale wavelet for identification of handwritten lines

This article proposes a new indicator for handwriting examination in text independent framework. Experiments of writer identification are addressed using only handwritten short lines instead of a whole character. After preprocessing such as binarization and contours extraction, profiles of contours of handwritten lines were decomposed with fifth scales wavelet decomposition. As the result, we obtained indicators which showed qualities of handwritten lines such as smooth or jaggy. The indicators were analysed with Principle Component Analysis (PCA), and eigen vectors were obtained. In a phase of writer identification, using Kernel Orthogonal Mutual Subspace Method (KOMSM), subspace was calculated by the eigen vectors. The result obtained through the experiments was not enough to satisfy. In future works, the proposed method will be applied to whole handwritten characters.
Asset-liability management with state-dependent utility in the regime-switching market

Abstract This paper considers a state-dependent optimal asset-liability management problem in continuous-time settings. The investor maximizes the expected state-dependent utility of the terminal asset-liability ratio in a regime-switching market to better describe insurance companies’ needs for asset-liability matching and regulation with background risk. We apply the stochastic dynamic programming method to get closed-form results. We find that the optimal strategy in the state-dependent utility case is the same, and the optimal value function differs from the state-independent utility case. Finally, we study how the parameters impact the optimal investment strategy and corresponding value functions through numerical examples.