Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The winemaker’s bug

The past three decades have seen a global wine glut. So far, well-intended but wasteful and expensive market-intervention has failed to drag the wine industry out of a chronic annual oversupply of roughly 15%. Can yeast research succeed where these approaches have failed by providing a means of improving wine quality, thereby making wine more appealing to consumers? To molecular biologists Saccharomyces cerevisiae is as intriguing as it is tractable. A simple unicellular eukaryote, it is an ideal model organism, enabling scientists to shed new light on some of the biggest scientific challenges such as the biology of cancer and aging. It is amenable to almost any modification that modern biology can throw at a cell, making it an ideal host for genetic manipulation, whether by the application of traditional or modern genetic techniques. To the winemaker, this yeast is integral to crafting wonderful, complex wines from simple, sugar-rich grape juice. Thus any improvements that we can make to wine, yeast fermentation performance or the sensory properties it imparts to wine will benefit winemakers and consumers. With this in mind, the application of frontier technologies, particularly the burgeoning fields of systems and synthetic biology, have much to offer in their pursuit of “novel” yeast strains to produce high quality wine. This paper discusses the nexus between yeast research and winemaking. It also addresses how winemakers and scientists face up to the challenges of consumer perceptions and opinions regarding the intervention of science and technology; the greater this intervention, the stronger the criticism that wine is no longer “natural. ” How can wine researchers respond to the growing number of wine commentators and consumers who feel that scientific endeavors favor wine quantity over quality and “technical sophistication, fermentation reliability and product consistency” over “artisanal variation”? This paper seeks to present yeast research in a new light and a new context, and it raises important questions about the direction of yeast research, its contribution to science and the future of winemaking.
Effect of Clinical Information on Diagnostic Performance in Breast Sonography

Objective. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the clinical information (CI) of patients affects the degree of suspicion for malignancy by radiologists performing breast sonography. Methods. We included 150 breast lesions in 144 patients who underwent breast sonography and sonographically guided core needle biopsy. A pathologic diagnosis was available for all 150 breast lesions: 78 (52%) were malignant, and 72 (48%) were benign. Three radiologists retrospectively reviewed the sonograms of all lesions twice at 8‐week intervals first without any CI for the patients (first review) and then with CI such as patient age, palpability, and personal history of risk factors for breast cancer (second review). The reviewers categorized the final assessment according to the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. We compared diagnostic performance such as sensitivity and specificity and the degree of suspicion for malignancy between the image reviews with and without CI. Results. In the second review, sensitivity was improved in all 3 reviewers (94.0 to 99.2%; P < .05), and specificity was decreased (39.8 to 30.8%; P = .04). There was a significant increase of suspicion for malignancy with the patients' CI (P < .05). Conclusions. Clinical information about a patient's breast cancer history and clinical presentation with a palpable mass can increase the suspicion for malignancy on sonography and the sensitivity of sonographic interpretation.
Expression of intracellular transforming growth factor-beta1 in CD4+CD25+ cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells exert immunoregulatory functions in various autoimmune diseases, in part through transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), and can be expanded by TGF-beta1 stimulation in normal subjects. This study aimed to examine intrinsic TGF-beta1 expression and the response to TGF-beta1 stimulation of this CD4+CD25+ subset in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Flow cytometry with multicolor staining of CD4+, CD25+, and TGF-beta1 was used to quantify the percentage of CD4+CD25+ T cells in fresh peripheral blood and TGF-beta1-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures, and their corresponding intracellular TGF-beta1 expression. RESULTS In fresh peripheral blood, we found that decreased percentages of CD4+CD25+/CD4+ in SLE patients were associated with disease activity and renal involvement. Intracellular TGF-beta1 expression of CD4+CD25+ cells was significantly elevated in SLE compared with matched controls (p<0.001). In addition, there was significant negative correlation between TGF-beta1 expression and percentage of CD4+CD25+ cells present (r = -0.432, p=0.004). Nevertheless, in ex vivo unstimulated PBMC cultures, the percentage and intracellular TGF-beta1 expression of CD4+CD25+ cells of SLE were normalized to the levels of the control group. In TGF-beta1-stimulated PBMC cultures, CD4+CD25+ cells and their intracellular TGF-beta1 expression were significantly increased (p<0.001), both in SLE and controls. Moreover, the increments in the percentage of CD4+CD25+ cells and intracellular TGF-beta1 expression by TGF-beta1 stimulation were comparable in SLE and controls, and were not significantly influenced by disease activity or renal involvement in SLE. CONCLUSIONS CD4+CD25+ cells were deficient in peripheral blood but not impaired either in intrinsic TGF-beta1 expression or in response to TGF-beta1 stimulation in patients with SLE. This study suggests that TGF-beta1, by inducing CD4+CD25+ cells, has potential clinical application in treating SLE.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibition Enhances Self Renewal and Cardioprotection by Human Cord Blood-Derived CD34+ Cells

Background Use of peripheral blood- or bone marrow-derived progenitors for ischemic heart repair is a feasible option to induce neo-vascularization in ischemic tissues. These cells, named Endothelial Progenitors Cells (EPCs), have been extensively characterized phenotypically and functionally. The clinical efficacy of cardiac repair by EPCs cells remains, however, limited, due to cell autonomous defects as a consequence of risk factors. The devise of “enhancement” strategies has been therefore sought to improve repair ability of these cells and increase the clinical benefit. Principal Findings Pharmacologic inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) is known to enhance hematopoietic stem cells engraftment by improvement of self renewal and inhibition of differentiation in the presence of mitogenic stimuli in vitro. In the present study cord blood-derived CD34+ were pre-conditioned with the HDAC inhibitor Valproic Acid. This treatment affected stem cell growth and gene expression, and improved ischemic myocardium protection in an immunodeficient mouse model of myocardial infarction. Conclusions Our results show that HDAC blockade leads to phenotype changes in CD34+ cells with enhanced self renewal and cardioprotection.
The Relationship between SES and Reading Comprehension in Chinese: A Mediation Model

An increasing body of research provides evidence that socioeconomic status (SES) was significantly related to children’s reading development; however, the psychological mechanism underlying the association between them remained an open question. The present study is designed to test the hypothesized three-path effect of vocabulary knowledge and morphological awareness as mediators between SES and sentence reading comprehension in Chinese first-graders. Results of mediation model showed that SES exerted its effect on sentence reading comprehension through the indirect path via the simple mediating effect of morphological awareness and the three-path mediating effect of vocabulary knowledge and morphological awareness. The findings highlight a previously unidentified mechanism of the relationship between SES and reading comprehension in Chinese young children.
A Monte Carlo model for 3D grain evolution during welding

Welding is one of the most wide-spread processes used in metal joining. However, there are currently no open-source software implementations for the simulation of microstructural evolution during a weld pass. Here we describe a Potts Monte Carlo based model implemented in the SPPARKS kinetic Monte Carlo computational framework. The model simulates melting, solidification and solid-state microstructural evolution of material in the fusion and heat-affected zones of a weld. The model does not simulate thermal behavior, but rather utilizes user input parameters to specify weld pool and heat-affect zone properties. Weld pool shapes are specified by Bézier curves, which allow for the specification of a wide range of pool shapes. Pool shapes can range from narrow and deep to wide and shallow representing different fluid flow conditions within the pool. Surrounding temperature gradients are calculated with the aide of a closest point projection algorithm. The model also allows simulation of pulsed power welding through time-dependent variation of the weld pool size. Example simulation results and comparisons with laboratory weld observations demonstrate microstructural variation with weld speed, pool shape, and pulsed-power.
The NADPH Oxidase Nox4 and Aging in the Heart

Oxidative stress in mitochondria is believed to promote aging. Although passive leakage of electron from the mitochondrial electron transport chain has been considered as a major source of oxidative stress in the heart and the cardiomyocytes therein, enzymes actively producing reactive oxygen species may also exist in mitochondria. We have shown recently that Nox4, a member of the NADPH oxidase family, is localized on intracellular membranes, primarily at mitochondria, in cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial expression of Nox4 is upregulated by cardiac stress and aging in the heart, where Nox4 could become a major source of oxidative stress. This raises an intriguing possibility that Nox4 may play an important role in mediating aging of the heart. Here we discuss the potential involvement of Nox4 in mitochondrial oxidative stress and aging in the heart.
Dictionary-based order-preserving string compression for main memory column stores

Column-oriented database systems [19, 23] perform better than traditional row-oriented database systems on analytical workloads such as those found in decision support and business intelligence applications. Moreover, recent work [1, 24] has shown that lightweight compression schemes significantly improve the query processing performance of these systems. One such a lightweight compression scheme is to use a dictionary in order to replace long (variable-length) values of a certain domain with shorter (fixedlength) integer codes. In order to further improve expensive query operations such as sorting and searching, column-stores often use order-preserving compression schemes. In contrast to the existing work, in this paper we argue that orderpreserving dictionary compression does not only pay off for attributes with a small fixed domain size but also for long string attributes with a large domain size which might change over time. Consequently, we introduce new data structures that efficiently support an order-preserving dictionary compression for (variablelength) string attributes with a large domain size that is likely to change over time. The main idea is that we model a dictionary as a table that specifies a mapping from string-values to arbitrary integer codes (and vice versa) and we introduce a novel indexing approach that provides efficient access paths to such a dictionary while compressing the index data. Our experiments show that our data structures are as fast as (or in some cases even faster than) other state-of-the-art data structures for dictionaries while being less memory intensive.
Human Papilloma Viruses and Their Genotype Distribution in Women with High Socioeconomic Status in Central Anatolia, Turkey: A Pilot Study

Background In the present study we retrospectively evaluated the results of outpatients who had an HPV analysis, and present objective evidence for the administration of preventive inoculation in our area. Material/Methods We retrospectively reviewed 532 outpatients who visited a single center between 2012 and 2016 and had an HPV infection analysis. The criteria for inclusion of patients with unhealthy cervix in the study were: erosion, chronic cervicitis, healed lacerations, hypertrophied cervix, and abnormal discharges from the cervix. Results We found that 122 out of 532 patients were infected with HPV, and the rate of multiple infections was 59.0% (72/122). HR-HPV (group 1 carcinogens HPV-16 (18.9%, 23/122), HPV-18 (13.1%, 16/122), HPV- 31 (4.9%, 6/122), HPV-33 (3.3%, 4/122), HPV-35 (7.4.9%/122), HPV-39 (5.7%, 7/122), HPV-45 (5.7%, 7/122), HPV-51 (11.5%, 15/122); Group 3 LR-HPV; HPV-6 (31.1%, 38/122), HPV-11 (26.2%, 32/122), HPV-42 (9.0%, 11/122) and HPV-43 (4.9%, 6/122). In terms of linear-by-linear association test, no significant statistical difference was identified between years. The P value for HPV infection rate on year basis was P>0.05. Conclusions In this hospital-based retrospective analysis, HPV types were found to be similar to HPV types reported in developed countries. We firmly suggest that patients should be informed about the risk of HPV infection at early ages.
Reversible Implementation of Densely-Packed-Decimal Converter to and from Binary-Coded-Decimal Format Using in IEEE-754R

The binary coded decimal (BCD) encoding has always dominated the decimal arithmetic algorithms and their hardware implementation. Due to importance of decimal arithmetic, the decimal format defined in IEEE 754 floating point standard has been revisited. It uses densely packed decimal (DPD) encoding to store significant part of a decimal floating point number. Furthermore in recent years reversible logic has attracted the attention of engineers for designing low power CMOS circuits, as it is not possible to realize quantum computing without reversible logic implementation. This paper derives the reversible implementation of DPD converter to and from conventional BCD format using in IEEE754R.
Inbreeding and Linkage.

Self-fertilization. 35 8 Brother-sister mating. Sex-linked genes. 360 Brother-sister mating. Autosomal genes. 364 Parent and offspring mating. Sex-linked genes. Parent and offspring mating. Autosomal genes. Inbreeding with any initial populat Double crossing over. 372 DISCUSSION. 373 SUMMARY. 374 LITERATURE CITED. 374
A self-coordinating approach to distributed fair queueing in ad hoc wireless networks

Distributed fair queueing in shared-medium ad hoc wireless networks is non-trivial because of the unique design challenges in such networks, such as location-dependent contention, distributed nature of ad hoc fair queueing, channel spatial reuse, and scalability in the presence of node mobility. In this paper, we seek to devise new distributed, localized, scalable and efficient solutions to this problem. We first analyze an ideal centralized fair queueing algorithm developed for ad hoc networks, and extract the desired global properties that the localized algorithms should possess. We then propose three localized fair queueing models, in which local schedulers self-coordinate their local interactions and collectively achieve the desired global properties. We further describe a novel implementation of the proposed models within the framework of the popular CSMA/CA paradigm and address several practical issues. Our simulations and analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed design.
Gingival Recession in Orthodontics: A Review

By clinical definition, gingival recession refers to the exposure of the root surface by an apical shift in the position of the gingiva. Recession is important because it can lead to poor esthetics, tooth hypersensitivity, loss of periodontal support, difficulties in maintenance of oral hygiene, and increased susceptibility to caries. Although its etiology is not fully understood, periodontal disease and mechanical trauma are considered the primary factors in the pathogenesis of gingival recession. Orthodontic treatment might also promote the development of gingival recessions. It has been well established that orthodontic forces can move roots close to or through the alveolar cortical plates, leading to bone dehiscence. In such instances, the marginal gingiva, without proper alveolar bone support, might be expected to migrate apically and lead to root exposure. This assumption is based on the fact that in areas of recession, a subjacent alveolar bone dehiscence is always present.
Mean delay optimization for the M/G/1 queue with pareto type service times

We consider the optimal scheduling problem in the M/G/1 queue with the objective to minimize the mean delay (i.e., sojourn time). We assume that jobs are served according to a work conserving and nonanticipating (scheduling) discipline π. A discipline is work conserving if it does not idle when there are jobs waiting, and nonanticipating if the remaining service times of jobs are unknown for the scheduler. Let Π denote the family of such disciplines. In particular we note that the Shortest-Remaining-Processing-Time (SRPT) discipline does not belong to Π. It is known that for Decreasing Hazard Rate (DHR) service times, the Foreground-Background (FB) discipline is optimal in Π, whereas the First-Come-First-Served (FCFS) discipline minimizes the mean delay for the service time distributions that belong to the New Better than Used in Expectation (NBUE) class [6, 4, 5, 1]. FB is an age-based discipline giving full priority to the job with least amount of attained service, see [3, Section 4.6]. Our goal is to shed light on the impact of designing an optimal scheduling discipline when the hazard rate of the service time distribution is nonmonotone. In particular, we concentrate on distributions for which the hazard rate is constant (zero or positive) for small values while decreasing for larger values. An example is the Pareto distribution,
The importance of training in echocardiography: a validation study using pocket echocardiography

Aims To investigate the training effect in echocardiography by using recent hand-held ultrasound scanners (HANDs). Methods In this prospective study, 320 consecutive patients were scanned with HAND by an inexperienced ultrasonographer over a period of 8 weeks. Imaging studies were compared with high-end echocardiography as gold standard. Segmental endocardial border delineation was scored to describe image quality. Assessment of left ventricular dimensions, regional/global left ventricular function and grading of valve disease were compared. Results A significant reduction in examination duration, improvement in image quality, substantial agreement in functional assessment (&kgr; > 0.61, P < 0.01) and wall motion scoring (&kgr;=0.67, P < 0.01) could be observed over time. The correlation in left ventricular measurements was excellent (r > 0.98, P < 0.01). The detection of valve diseases and pericardial effusions was sufficient, but the grading only moderate (&kgr; < 0.6). Conclusion Well-grounded training in echocardiography leads to a rapid improvement in image acquisition and interpretation over a period of a few weeks. Basic diagnostic findings could be interpreted with high accuracy after short training. Interpretation of complex findings remained difficult. The time needed to carry out an examination using pocket echocardiography could not be reduced to less than 3–4 min per patient. New educational concepts are warranted.
Monitoring of Water Quality and Microalgae Species Composition of Penaeus monodon Ponds in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

Many reports have revealed that the abundance of microalgae in shrimp ponds vary with changes in environmental factors such as light, temperature, pH, salinity and nutrient level throughout a shrimp culture period. In this study, shrimp cultivation period was divided into three stages (initial = week 0-5, mid = week 6-10 and final = week 11-15). Physical and chemical parameters throughout the cultivation period were studied and species composition of microalgae was monitored. Physical parameters were found to fluctuate widely with light intensity ranging between 182.23-1278 μmol photon m(-2)s(-1), temperature between 29.56°C -31.59°C, dissolved oxygen (DO) between 4.56-8.21 mg/l, pH between 7.65-8.49 and salinity between 20‰-30‰. Ammonium (NH4 (+)-N), nitrite (NO2 (-)-N), nitrate (NO3 (-)-N), and orthophosphate (PO4 (3-)-P) concentrations in the pond at all cultivation stages ranged from 0.017 to 0.38 mg/l, 0.24 to 2.12 mg/l, 0.06 to 0.98 mg/l and 0.16 to 1.93 mg/l respectively. Statistical test (ANOVA) showed that there were no significant difference (p<0.05) in nutrients concentrations among the cultivation stages. All nutrients concentrations however were still in the tolerable level and safe for shrimp culture. The chlorophyll a contents were found to range from 5.03±2.17 to 32.61±0.35 μg/l throughout the cultivation period. A total of 19 microalgae species were found in the shrimp pond, with diatoms contributing up to 72% of the species followed by Chlorophyta (11%) and Cyanophyta (11%). However, weekly species abundance varied through the study period. At the initial stage, when there were no shrimps in the pond, Anabaena spp. and Oscillatoria spp. (Cyanophyta) were the dominant species, followed by Chlorella sp. and Dunaliella sp. (Chlorophyta). When shrimps were introduced into the pond, Amphora sp. , Navicula sp. Gyrosigma sp. and Nitzschia sp. (diatoms) started to exist. At the middle and towards the final stage of the shrimp culture period diatoms were the dominant species. The Chlorophyta (Chlorella sp.) domination took place only twice, which was at week 2 and 13. The absence of some of the coastal water microalgae species in the shrimp pond was most likely due to the fact that they could not tolerate the physicochemical factors of harsh environment. In this study, Cylindrotheca closterium was regarded as the most tolerant species among the microalgae due to its ability to exist for 6 weeks out of the 15 weeks of cultivation.
Hypothalamic Lipids and the Regulation of Energy Homeostasis

The hypothalamus is a specialised area in the brain that integrates the control of energy homeostasis, regulating both food intake and energy expenditure. The classical theory for hypothalamic feeding control is mainly based on the relationship between peripheral signals and neurotransmitters/neuromodulators in the central nervous system. Thus, hypothalamic neurons respond to peripheral signals, such as hormones and nutrients, by modifying the synthesis of neuropeptides. Despite the well-established role of these hypothalamic networks, increasing evidence indicates that the modulation of lipid metabolism in the hypothalamus plays a critical role in feeding control. In fact, the pharmacologic and genetic targeting of key enzymes from these pathways, such as AMP-activated protein kinase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, fatty acid synthase, and malonyl-CoA decarboxylase, has a profound effect on food intake and body weight. Here, we review what is currently known about the relationship between hypothalamic lipid metabolism and whole body energy homeostasis. Defining these novel mechanisms may offer new therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and its associated pathologies.
Inner Rectangular Drawings of Plane Graphs (Extended Abstract)

A drawing of a plane graph is called an inner rectangular drawing if every edge is drawn as a horizontal or vertical line segment so that every inner face is a rectangle. In this paper we show that a plane graph G has an inner rectangular drawing D if and only if a new bipartite graph constructed from G has a perfect matching. We also show that D can be found in time O(n 1.5 / log n )i fG has n vertices and a sketch of the outer face is prescribed, that is, all the convex outer vertices and concave ones are prescribed.