Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A phase I study of MK-2206, an oral potent allosteric Akt inhibitor (Akti), in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumor (ST).

3503 Background: Akt facilitates cell proliferation/survival and is a suspected driver of progression in ST. MK-2206, a highly selective non-ATP competitive allosteric Akti, has nM IC50 and broad preclinical antitumor activity. METHODS Safety and tolerability of MK-2206 administered QOD in 28-day cycles (cy) was assessed. Doses evaluated: 30, 60, 90 mg, and 75 mg. Main eligibility criteria: ≥18 yo, evaluable advanced ST, ECOG ≤1, HbA1c ≤8% or fasting glucose ≤110% upper limit of normal. PK and phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) in whole blood by meso-scale ELISA were measured. Sequential tumor biopsies were performed in a subset of pts. RESULTS Dose escalation occurred in 19 pts (8 female/11 male; median age 57 yo; ECOG 0/1: 5/14) and 37 cy of therapy with no DLTs at 30 and 60 mg. CTCAE G3/4 skin rash and CTCAE G3 mucositis were observed at 90 mg in 4/7 pts. After further accrual at 60 mg confirmed safety at this dose, 75 mg was explored; however, 2/3 pts experienced DLT of rash. Dose escalation is complete; the MTD of MK-2206 is 60 mg QOD. Common drug-related AEs included skin (47.1%), gastrointestinal (41.2%), and general disorders (29.4%). AUC0-48hr and Cmax were dose proportional up to 60 mg. Median Tmax is 6 hrs and mean t1/2 ranged from 63 to 76 hr. MK-2206 concentrations exceeding a preliminary, statistically determined PK target of approximately 50-65 nM for significant pAkti in blood were maintained over the entire dosing interval in all patients in the 60 mg cohort. Evidence of PD activity included decreases in whole blood pAkt at all dose levels, reversible CTCAE G1/2 hyperglycemia and CTCAE G1 insulin c-peptide elevations. RECIST stable disease following 2 cycles of therapy was observed in 1 pt at 30 mg and 5 pts at 60 mg. Observed clinical activity included: central tumor necrosis, decreased ascites and peripheral edema, reduction in index lesions, normalization of LFTs, and decreased CA-125. CONCLUSIONS MK-2206 is generally well tolerated at doses up to 60 mg QOD with plasma concentrations that portend activity in preclinical models. PK/PD data suggest a substantial and maintained target inhibition at 60 mg. [Table: see text].
Industrial Robot Skills

When robots are working in dynamic environments, close to humans lacking extensive knowledge of robotics, there is a strong need to simplify the user interaction and make the system execute as autonomously as possible. For industrial robots working side-by-side with humans in manufacturing industry, AI systems are necessary to lower the demand on programming time and expertise. One central concept in knowledge modeling for robots is action representation. In this paper, we describe our representation of robot skills. The skills have resource requirements, logical and procedural information from which executable code can be generated.
Age‐related changes in the number and structure of synapses in the lip region of the mushroom bodies in the ant Pheidole dentata

Behavioral development in the worker caste of many adult ants follows a pattern of task transitions that contribute to the division of labor within colonies. In the ant Pheidole dentata, the number of tasks that minor workers attend to increases as they progress from brood‐care activities within the nest to acts outside the nest such as foraging and defense. In this study we investigated synapse maturation in the lip region of mushroom bodies in young and old minor workers because of its potentially crucial role in behavioral development, task performance, and repertoire expansion. As minor workers aged, individual presynaptic boutons enlarged and acquired more synapses and vesicles, but the total number of synapses in the lip region did not change significantly. Glial cell processes occupied less of the synaptic neuropil as ants matured. These findings indicate an expansion and enhancement of efficacy at specific sets of synaptic connections between the projection interneurons and Kenyon cell dendrites and a commensurate loss of other connections as minor workers age and expand their behavioral repertoire. J. Comp. Neurol. 488:269–277, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurologic Complications in Critically III Patients

C ritically ill patients are at risk for neurologic complications (1,2). Many of these complications are part of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures; others are simply manifestations of a more fulminant disease process. Neurologic complications may put an end to the expectation of full recovery, and outcome is often poor. Neurologic complications in critically ill patients were found in 12% of 175 consecutively studied patients in a medical intensive care unit, but they are likely to be even more prevalent in trauma and transplant units. Patients in whom neurologic complications develop during critical illness have twice the length of stay and are twice as likely to die (1). Neurologic assessment in the intensive care unit is limited because many patients are fatigued, sleepdeprived, confused, uncooperative, or heavily sedated and are often treated with neuromuscular blocking drugs. There are large gaps in our knowledge of neurologic complications in critically ill patients. Neurologic complications often revolve around three main disturbances: muscle weakness, impaired consciousness, and seizures. This review describes common clinical neurologic complications of a potentially life-threatening illness.
Analysis of drug prescription in chronic haemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND Information concerning medication use in Asian haemodialysis patients is sparse. We surveyed prescribed medications and examined the relation between the number of medications and mortality and clinical characteristics in chronic haemodialysis patients, in Okinawa, Japan. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional multicentre survey in August 1999 and patients were observed during 13 months of follow up. RESULTS The clinical demographics of 850 chronic haemodialysis patients in seven dialysis units were obtained. Compared with the mean number of medications prescribed in ambulatory patients treated in general practice reported from Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan (2.7 (n=20 716)), the mean number medications in haemodialysis patients was larger (7.2 (n=850)). The three most prescribed drug types in haemodialysis patients were those related to calcium and phosphate metabolism (88%), antihypertensive agents (71%), and erythropoietin (60%). Among the 850 patients, 38 died during the 13-month follow-up period. The number of medications was positively associated with mortality after adjusting for age, sex, and other clinical factors: the hazard ratio was 1.14 (95% confidence interval 1.03-1.26, P=0.007). A multiple linear regression analysis using the number of medications as a dependent factor and sex and other clinical characteristics as independent factors revealed that male sex (P=0.04), diabetes mellitus (P<0.0001), and duplication of drugs (P<0.0001) were positively correlated with the number of medications. CONCLUSIONS Multiple drug use was observed in haemodialysis patients. The number of prescribed drugs was a significant predictor of short-term mortality. Male sex, diabetes mellitus, and duplication of drugs were correlated with increases in the number of medications.
Sensor array based on split ring resonators for analysis of organic tissues

A sensor array concept has been developed using microstrip-line-excited split ring resonators (SRR). With the proposed structure it is possible to spatially resolve the dielectric properties of a Material Under Test (MUT). The split rings are designed to have different resonant frequencies and are decoupled from each other to allow a spatial distribution where a frequency shift of one individual resonant peak will indicate the dielectric properties of the MUT and its location within the array. Several prototype sensors have been realized and tested with different MUT such as dielectric bricks and pig lung tissue to prove the concept.
An Optimized Q-Learning Algorithm Based on the Thinking of Tabu Search

One core issue in reinforcement learning is the balance between exploration and exploitation. Pure exploitation makes the agent reach the partial optimal solution quickly. Exploration avoids the partial optimal solution but too much exploration will reduce the performance of the Q -learning algorithm. How to avoid the partial optimal solution and find the global optimum solution is one of key goals of action selection in Q-learning. In this paper, the thinking of tabu search algorithm is introduced in order to balance exploration and exploitation of Q-learning. The optimized algorithms called T-Q-learning is proved to have a faster convergence rate and avoid the partial optimal solution in the experiments.
Leveraging Influential Factors into Bayesian Knowledge Tracing

Predicting student performance is an important part of the student modeling task in Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS). The state-of-art model for predicting student performance Bayesian Knowledge Tracing (KT) has many critical limitations. One specific limitation is that KT has no underlying mechanism for memory decay represented in the model, which means that no forgetting is happening in the learning process. In addition we notice that numerous modification to the KT model have been proposed and evaluated, however many of these are often based on a combination of intuition and experience in the domain, leading to models without performance improvement. Moreover, KT is computationally expensive, model fitting procedures can take hours or days to run on large datasets. The goal of this research work is to improve the accuracy of student performance prediction by incorporating the memory decay factor which the standard Bayesian Knowledge Tracing had ignored. We also propose a completely data driven and inexpensive approach to model improvement. This alternative allows for researchers to evaluate which aspects of a model are most likely to result in model performance improvements based purely on the dataset features that are computed from ITS system logs.
Kinship contextualization: utilizing the preceding and following structural elements

The textual context of an element, structurally, contains traces of evidences. Utilizing this context in scoring is called contextualization. In this study we hypothesize that the context of an XML-element originated from its \textit{preceding} and \textit{following} elements in the sequential ordering of a document improves the quality of retrieval. In the tree form of the document's structure, \textit{kinship} contextualization means, contextualization based on the horizontal and vertical elements in the \textit{kinship tree,} or elements in closer to a wider structural kinship. We have tested several variants of kinship contextualization and verified notable improvements in comparison with the baseline system and gold standards in the retrieval of focused elements.
Progression of dysprosody in Parkinson's disease over time—A longitudinal study

Parkinsonian speech or hypokinetic dysarthria results from a multidimensional impairment of phonation, articulation, and prosody. Although the dysprosody in Parkinson's disease (PD) is well described (alterations in speech rate and pause time, speech intensity and pitch variation), little is known about alterations of these single prosodic parameters over a longer time course. The objective of this study is to analyze changes of speech rate and pitch variation in patients with PD over time and to compare these findings with healthy controls. Patients with PD (N = 50; 27 male and 23 female) and n = 50 age‐matched healthy controls (25 male, 25 female) were tested and retested after at least 7 months (mean: 25.02; median: 21; SD: 17.44; range: 7–79 months). In the PD group, motor impairment according to UPDRS motor score was similar at first and second visit. The participants had to accomplish a standardized four sentence reading task. The acoustical analysis was performed using a standard head‐worn microphone for voice recordings and commercial audio software (WaveLab®). For the determination of intonation based upon fundamental frequency (F0) variation, we used a computer analysis program (Praat®). Articulatory velocity was determined by measurement of syllable rate and pause ratios. In the PD group, total speech rate (syllables per second related to total speech time/TSR) and net speech rate declined from first to second examination, especially in the male patients, but showed no significant differences to the control group. The course of pitch variation revealed some gender particularities. Whereas female patients' pitch variability declined over time, male patients' intonation variability remained relatively stable. F0 variation in male and female patients with PD were significantly reduced compared with the control group in the first examination and the follow up as well. Progression of prosodic impairment over time showed no correlation to disease duration or UPDRS motor score. Some aspects of dysprosody in PD show characteristic changes over time, but show no clear correlation with general motor impairment as assessed by UPDRS motor score. Therefore, we suspect that the underlying mechanism could be independent from dopaminergic deficits. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Cascade Coupling and Support Vector Clustering Based Novel Sorting Method of Radar Pulses

A novel sorting method is presented in this paper. The 3-dimension feature information is composed of direction of arrival, radio frequency and pulse width in this method which sorts radar pulse sequences by employing support vector clustering (SVC) and cascade coupling. The experiment result shows that the method can sort efficiently radar signals in the complex pulses environment and the performance is superior to that of K-Means clustering sorting.
Review on system development in eddy current testing and technique for defect classification and characterization

Eddy current testing (ECT) is one of the non-destructive evaluation techniques widely used, especially in oil and gas industries. It characterized noisy data to the less-than-perfect detection and as an indication of serious false alarm problem. However, not many researchers have described in detail the intelligent ECT crack detection system. This paper introduces a review of ECT technique and factors that affect the signal fundamental according to the hardware and software development. First, describe the magnetic excitation resources including the sinusoidal and pulse exciting signal. Second, outlines explanation about the ECT probe. The explanations are more about the probes development for air core probe and giant magnetoresistance probe. Third, there is discussion on ECT circuit that used including ECT system, ECT rotating magnetic field and application measurement for optimal control parameters. The defect in characterizations and measurement are discussed on the fourth part of this paper. The fourth part discusses the ECT lift-off compensation including the lift-off and application of intelligent technique in ECT. The limitations of lift-off for coil probe and compensation techniques also discussed in this part. Finally, a comprehensive review of previous studies on the application of intelligent ECT crack detection in nondestructive ECT is presented.
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-induced, inherent oscillatory activity in neurons active during fictive locomotion in the lamprey

Bath application of N-methyl-aspartate induces fictive locomotor activity in the isolated spinal cord preparation of the lamprey, as well as TTX-resistant membrane potential oscillations in many individual neurons. This inherent oscillatory activity is shown to depend on a specific activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. This activation initiates voltage-dependent, magnesium- requiring membrane potential bistability, presumably due to a development of a region of negative slope conductance in the current- voltage relation of the neuron. When sodium ions were removed from the bathing solution, oscillations disappeared, and the membrane potential was maintained at a hyperpolarized level, suggesting that the depolarizing current during the oscillatory cycle is mainly carried by sodium ions. Replacing Ca2+ with Ba2+ also leads to a cessation of oscillatory activity, with the membrane potential remaining at the more depolarized level. This indicates an involvement of a Ca2+-dependent K+ current during the repolarization phase. These findings, together with the voltage dependence, can account for the main characteristics of the NMDA receptor-induced, TTX-resistant membrane potential oscillations. This oscillatory behavior has been demonstrated in motoneurons and in several interneurons including CC interneurons but has not been found in edge cells, dorsal cells, or lateral interneurons. The possibility that inherent oscillatory membrane properties may contribute to the activity pattern during fictive locomotion was investigated in experiments with intracellular current injection in the absence of TTX. The stimulation effects obtained required the presence of magnesium ions and were analogous to the stimulation effects seen during oscillations after TTX blockade. Together with similarities in, for instance, frequency and amplitude between the locomotor oscillatory activity and the TTX-resistant oscillations, the results are compatible with an involvement of inherent, oscillatory membrane properties during fictive locomotion in the lamprey spinal cord.
Fractional flow reserve-guided management in stable coronary disease and acute myocardial infarction: recent developments

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, and improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of CAD can reduce the health and economic burden of this condition. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is an evidence-based diagnostic test of the physiological significance of a coronary artery stenosis. Fractional flow reserve is a pressure-derived index of the maximal achievable myocardial blood flow in the presence of an epicardial coronary stenosis as a ratio to maximum achievable flow if that artery were normal. When compared with standard angiography-guided management, FFR disclosure is impactful on the decision for revascularization and clinical outcomes. In this article, we review recent developments with FFR in patients with stable CAD and recent myocardial infarction. Specifically, we review novel developments in our understanding of CAD pathophysiology, diagnostic applications, prognostic studies, clinical trials, and clinical guidelines.
Development and Validation of HPLC-UV Method for Determination of Bovine Serum Albumin and Myoglobin Proteins

A simple HPLC with UV detection method is developed and validated for determination of Bovine Serum Albumin and Myoglobin proteins in a standard solution of the two protein as well as in a plasma spiked with theses two proteins.Separation was achieved on a reversed-phase C18, 5.0 µm, 150mm ◊ 4.6 mm inner diameter column using a mobile phase consisting ofsolution A (900 mL of water, 100 mL Acetonitrile, 10 mL Trifluroacetic acid) and solution B (900 mL of ace tonitrile, 100 mL water, 10 mL Trifluroacetic acid) with gradient elution of 5 to 50% of solution B in 15 minutes . This new method is validated in accordance with requirements for new methods, which include accuracy, precision, selectivity, linearity and r ange, robustness, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. The method demonstrates good linearity over the range of 1 -1000 ppm for the two proteins with r 2 greater than 0.998. The percentage recovery of the method is within 97.9 to 102.0% for the twoproteins. Precision of this method reflected by relative standard deviation of the area of six replicate injections of each protein at five concentration levels (1.0, 100.0, 300.0, 500, and 1000.0 ppm) was found to be less than 2%. Limit of quantitation ofthe two proteins is low which enables the determination of these proteins at low concentration. OriginalResearch Article
Changes to Cretaceous surface fire behaviour influenced the spread of the early angiosperms

Summary Angiosperms evolved and diversified during the Cretaceous period. Early angiosperms were short‐stature weedy plants thought to have increased fire frequency and mortality in gymnosperm forest, aiding their own expansion. However, no explorations have considered whether the range of novel fuel types that diversified throughout the Cretaceous also altered fire behaviour, which should link more strongly to mortality than fire frequency alone. We measured ignitability and heat of combustion in analogue Cretaceous understorey fuels (conifer litter, ferns, weedy and shrubby angiosperms) and used these data to model palaeofire behaviour. Variations in ignition, driven by weedy angiosperms alone, were found to have been a less important feedback to changes in Cretaceous fire activity than previously estimated. Our model estimates suggest that fires in shrub and fern understories had significantly greater fireline intensities than those fuelled by conifer litter or weedy angiosperms, and whilst fern understories supported the most rapid fire spread, angiosperm shrubs delivered the largest amount of heat per unit area. The higher fireline intensities predicted by the models led to estimates of enhanced scorch of the gymnosperm canopy and a greater chance of transitioning to crown fires. Therefore, changes in fire behaviour driven by the addition of new Cretaceous fuel groups may have assisted the angiosperm expansion.
Finite-horizon quantized estimation using sector bound approach

This paper is concerned with the finite-horizon filtering estimation problem by using the reductive information of the true quantized measurements from the measurements. We consider the case where quantizer is logarithmic, an upper bound of the estimation error covariance is derived for all the quantized measurements. The calculation of the filter involves solving two Riccati recursions related to the quantized measurements.
Antismoking Campaigns' Perception and Gender Differences: A Comparison among EEG Indices

Human factors' aim is to understand and evaluate the interactions between people and tasks, technologies, and environment. Among human factors, it is possible then to include the subjective reaction to external stimuli, due to individual's characteristics and states of mind. These processes are also involved in the perception of antismoking public service announcements (PSAs), the main tool for governments to contrast the first cause of preventable deaths in the world: tobacco addiction. In the light of that, in the present article, it has been investigated through the comparison of different electroencephalographic (EEG) indices a typical item known to be able of influencing PSA perception, that is gender. In order to investigate the neurophysiological underpinnings of such different perception, we tested two PSAs: one with a female character and one with a male character. Furthermore, the experimental sample was divided into men and women, as well as smokers and nonsmokers. The employed EEG indices were the mental engagement (ME: the ratio between beta activity and the sum of alpha and theta activity); the approach/withdrawal (AW: the frontal alpha asymmetry in the alpha band); and the frontal theta activity and the spectral asymmetry index (SASI: the ratio between beta minus theta and beta plus theta). Results suggested that the ME and the AW presented an opposite trend, with smokers showing higher ME and lower AW than nonsmokers. The ME and the frontal theta also evidenced a statistically significant interaction between the kind of the PSA and the gender of the observers; specifically, women showed higher ME and frontal theta activity for the male character PSA. This study then supports the usefulness of the ME and frontal theta for purposes of PSAs targeting on the basis of gender issues and of the ME and the AW and for purposes of PSAs targeting on the basis of smoking habits.