Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The dimensions of steel

There are important aspects of steel which are hidden from ordinary view and largely from the users of steels. They nevertheless determine the macroscopic behaviour. One example is that the magnetic properties of austenite determine that it has a larger thermal expansion coefficient than ferrite, whereas intuition would suggest otherwise given that austenite has a greater density. This and other aspects of the physical and descriptive dimensions of steel are described in this paper.
Density, viscosity and refractive index prediction of binary and ternary mixtures systems of ionic liquid

Different artificial neural networks architectures were developed to predict the density, viscosity and refractive index of binary and ternary mixtures of ionic liquids using their individual properties. All neural network implemented were evaluated using the root mean square error (RMSE) and the average percentage deviations (APD) for the training and validation phase. The individual models implemented show great values of R2 (greater than 9.995∙10-01) and low errors in terms of RMSE, that corresponds with an APD less than 7.766∙10-02 %, with the exception of the model for the prediction of viscosity where the error raised to 3.338 %. The results show that the different individual artificial neural networks implemented are a useful tool to predict the density, viscosity and refractive index of binary and ternary mixtures of ionic liquids and with reasonably accuracy.
Risk Factors for Eating Disorders

The authors review research on risk factors for eating disorders, restricting their focus to studies in which clear precedence of the hypothesized risk factor over onset of the disorder is established. They illustrate how studies of sociocultural risk factors and biological factors have progressed on parallel tracks and propose that major advances in understanding the etiology of eating disorders require a new generation of studies that integrate these domains. They discuss how more sophisticated and novel conceptualizations of risk and causal processes may inform both nosology and intervention efforts.
Calmodulin Inhibitor W-7 Unmasks a Novel Electrocardiographic Parameter That Predicts Initiation of Torsade de Pointes

Background—We have shown that the calmodulin inhibitor W-7 suppresses torsade de pointes (TdP) without shortening the QT interval, which is consistent with other findings that QT prolongation, per se, is insufficient to generate TdP. ECGs were analyzed from a well-characterized animal model of TdP to identify more reliable predictors of this life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia. Methods and Results—TdP was induced using methoxamine and clofilium in 12 of 14 rabbits pretreated with vehicle control, whereas pretreatment with W-7 (50 &mgr;mol/kg), an inhibitor of the intracellular Ca2+-binding protein calmodulin, significantly suppressed TdP induction (1 of 11 rabbits with TdP, P <0.001). W-7 did not affect heart rate, increases in QT intervals, or dispersion compared with measurements in vehicle-treated control animals. However, a progressive and significant increase in the ratio of U-wave to T-wave amplitude (UTA) occurred before TdP onset in control animals, and this was prevented by W-7. Conclusions—Selective suppression of TdP inducibility by W-7, without shortening the duration of cardiac repolarization, allowed identification of the UTA ratio as a new electrocardiographic index for predicting TdP onset. These findings are consistent with the idea that prolonged repolarization is not the proximate cause of arrhythmia initiation, and they suggest that an increased UTA ratio reflects activation of intracellular Ca2+/calmodulin–dependent processes that are required for triggering TdP in this model.
Pressure tuning of the thermal conductance of weak interfaces

Wen-Pin Hsieh,1,2,* Austin S. Lyons,3,4 Eric Pop,3,4,5 Pawel Keblinski,6 and David G. Cahill2,7 1Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA 2Frederick-Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA 3Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA 4Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA 5Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA 6Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA 7Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA (Received 1 October 2011; published 16 November 2011)
Managing landscapes for multiple objectives: alternative forage can reduce the conflict between deer and forestry

Deer (Cervidae) cause considerable damage to forest plantations, crops, and protected habitats. The most common response to this damage is to implement strategies to lower population densities. However, lowering deer density may not always be desirable from hunting, recreational, or conservation perspectives. Therefore, knowledge is needed about additional factors beyond deer density that affect damage levels, and management actions that consider competing management goals. We studied the relationships between levels of bark-stripping by red deer (Cervus elaphus) on Norway spruce (Picea abies) and (1) relative deer density indices (pellet group count and deer harvest data), (2) availability of alternative natural forage (cover of forage species) and (3) proportion forest in the landscape, both at a forest stand scale and at a landscape scale. Extensive variation in damage level was evident between the six study areas. On a stand scale, the proportion of spruce damaged was positively related to pellet group density, indicating the importance of local deer usage of stands. In addition, available alternative forage in the field layer within spruce stands and proportion forest surrounding stands was negatively related to damage level. On the landscape scale, damage level was negatively related to availability of forage in the field and shrub layers and proportion forest, but was not related to any of the relative deer density indices. Increasing alternative forage may thus decrease damage and thereby reduce conflicts. Additionally, the proportion of forest in the landscape affects damage levels and should thus be considered in landscape planning and when forecasting damage risk. The relationship between local deer usage of stands and damage level suggests that future studies should try to separate the effects of local deer usage and deer density.
Image enhancement by nonlinear extrapolation in frequency space

A technique for enhancing the perceptual sharpness of an image is described. The enhancement algorithm augments the frequency content of the image using shape-invariant properties of edges across scale by using a nonlinearity that generates phase coherent higher harmonics. The procedure utilizes the Laplacian transform and the Laplacian pyramid image representation. Results are presented depicting the power-spectra augmentation and the visual enhancement of several images. Simplicity of computations and ease of implementation allow for real-time applications such as high-definition television (HDTV).
LIDERANÇA EMPREENDEDORA E PRÁTICAS DE GESTÃO DE PESSOAS: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A EFICÁCIA NA PROMOÇÃO DO EMPREENDEDORISMO CORPORATIVO

Este ensaio teorico explora e consolida estudos realizados sobre as influencias das praticas de gestao de pessoas (GP) e a influencia de lideres na orientacao empreendedora nas organizacoes. Organizacoes orientadas ao empreendedorismo fomentam um clima interno que favorece a iniciativa de funcionarios para trazer solucoes, propostas de mudancas e novas ideias para melhorar o trabalho, a qualidade, o desempenho e a eficacia de processos. Embora exista literatura sobre os fatores que estimulam a orientacao empreendedora e os resultados apresentados por estas organizacoes, a discussao gira em torno de dois grandes grupos de influencia, as praticas de GP, institucionalizadas para toda a organizacao, ou o estimulo do comportamento empreendedor proporcionado pelas liderancas junto as suas equipes. Nessa linha, o presente artigo traz esta discussao intensa em publicacoes estrangeiras, como pauta para o ambiente academico nacional, consolidando os principais estudos empiricos ja realizados. A conclusao do estudo e que as praticas de GP ajudam a criar uma cultura geral em favor da inovacao. Porem, e a relacao direta do lider com seu
Wavelength Dependence of Transverse Mode Coupling With/Without E-Block of GaN Laser Cavity

Transverse mode wavelength dependence in the gallium nitride (GaN) laser cavity is a new topic. Modal analysis simulations are run to optimize the blue GaN-based laser diode with a wavelength of 400, 430, and 460 nm. It is shown that the optical confinement factor (OCF) has a strong dependence on wavelength of emission and electron-block (e-block) thickness. The OCF can be changed from 4.9% at a 460-nm wavelength to 7.6% at 400 nm, which is a 55% difference. The effect of adding an e-block layer of different widths is also investigated with results showing that an e-block layer can change optical confinement by 14% at 460 nm wavelength and 13% at 400 nm wavelength. The bottom n-GaN layer thickness is optimized between 0.1 and 7 μm. It is found that a thin buffer layer improves optical mode distribution by reducing the ghost mode.
Welfare reform and older immigrants: food stamp program participation and food insecurity.

PURPOSE The welfare reform bill of 1996 severely constrained noncitizens' eligibility for the Food Stamp Program (FSP). This study examined the effects of eligibility restrictions on older immigrants' FSP participation and food insecurity. We paid special attention to household composition and household eligibility as well as older immigrants' individual eligibility. DESIGN AND METHODS The sample consisted of 3,175 low-income older adults from the 1999 Current Population Survey. We used probit and tobit regressions. We compared three analytical models: two models using the differences-in-differences approach with two different measures of immigration status (individual and household status), and one using a summary variable of the percentage of FSP-eligible people in a household. RESULTS Both household immigration status and older adults' individual immigration status were significantly associated with the probability of FSP participation. Living in a household with a higher percentage of eligible members significantly increased older people's FSP participation and benefit levels while significantly reducing their risk of food insecurity. IMPLICATIONS Noncitizen eligibility restriction affects older immigrants' FSP participation and food insecurity by its relation to household composition. Experts should therefore consider household composition when developing social policies for older immigrants.
Theta is the New Alpha

COMMENTARY Before the concept of epileptogenesis as a process leading to epilepsy had been established in the late eighties/early nineties there was epilepsy as a disease (i.e., a final product) and search for its biomarkers. The search was focused on such biomarkers that could clearly distinguish between those patients who had epilepsy and those who did not. As this was easiest to do in a setting with similar genetic background (i.e., in families with epilepsy patients), these studies were predominantly genetic (1). In humans, they were focusing on discovery of “epilepsy genes” (2) and in animal models on discovery of translatable biomarker genes or MRI findings (3–5). Additional studies centered on the prediction of epilepsy refractoriness (6). Later on, biomarkers of epileptogenesis were sought for early detection of the process. The ultimate goal was and still is to distinguish those patients in whom the initial (precipitating) event would eventually lead to development of epilepsy from those without any future epilepsy. The knowledge of ongoing epileptogenesis could make it possible to intervene with disease-modifying or even antiepileptogenic treatments (once we have at least one, of course). Covering all epilepsies with biomarkers for epileptogenesis is still a futuristic view as the precipitating events may be diverse, not identified or even not identifiable. It is therefore reasonable to focus on those epileptic processes following a clearly defined injurious (precipitating) event, such as stroke or brain trauma, which provides a fixed point for the onset of the process of epileptogenesis (7). Post-injury epilepsy (covering both post-stroke and posttraumatic brain injury [TBI] epilepsy) is difficult to predict and similarly difficult to treat. Only a small proportion of patients after TBI develop the disease and the outcome is also dependent on the severity of brain injury: at 1 year after the trauma, epilepsy will develop in approximately 6% of patients with severe brain injury (characterized by brain contusion or intracranial hematoma or loss of consciousness/amnesia longer than 24 hours). This number will eventually rise to 13% in 10 years and to 17% in 20 years after the TBI (8). On the other hand, the number of patients with TBI due to various reasons is significantly increasing in the population (9). Development of post-stroke epilepsy is similarly difficult to estimate. Proportion of patients with epilepsy at 1 year after stroke (mostly ischemic in nature in the adult population) is anywhere between 2.5 and 15 percent. Obviously, not every stroke will lead to precipitation of epilepsy as the strokes are not the same: 10 years after a stroke in anterior circulation more than 40% of patients Electrocorticographic Dynamics as a Novel Biomarker in Five Models of Epileptogenesis
Multicenter randomized phase II clinical trial comparing neoadjuvant oxaliplatin, capecitabine, and preoperative radiotherapy with or without cetuximab followed by total mesorectal excision in patients with high-risk rectal cancer (EXPERT-C).

PURPOSE To evaluate the addition of cetuximab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy before chemoradiotherapy in high-risk rectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with operable magnetic resonance imaging-defined high-risk rectal cancer received four cycles of capecitabine/oxaliplatin (CAPOX) followed by capecitabine chemoradiotherapy, surgery, and adjuvant CAPOX (four cycles) or the same regimen plus weekly cetuximab (CAPOX+C). The primary end point was complete response (CR; pathologic CR or, in patients not undergoing surgery, radiologic CR) in patients with KRAS/BRAF wild-type tumors. Secondary end points were radiologic response (RR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety in the wild-type and overall populations and a molecular biomarker analysis. RESULTS One hundred sixty-five eligible patients were randomly assigned. Ninety (60%) of 149 assessable tumors were KRAS or BRAF wild type (CAPOX, n = 44; CAPOX+C, n = 46), and in these patients, the addition of cetuximab did not improve the primary end point of CR (9% v 11%, respectively; P = 1.0; odds ratio, 1.22) or PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; P = .363). Cetuximab significantly improved RR (CAPOX v CAPOX+C: after chemotherapy, 51% v 71%, respectively; P = .038; after chemoradiation, 75% v 93%, respectively; P = .028) and OS (HR, 0.27; P = .034). Skin toxicity and diarrhea were more frequent in the CAPOX+C arm. CONCLUSION Cetuximab led to a significant increase in RR and OS in patients with KRAS/BRAF wild-type rectal cancer, but the primary end point of improved CR was not met.
Bump Cepheids in the Magellanic Clouds: Metallicities, the Distances to the LMC and SMC, and the Pulsation-Evolution Mass Discrepancy

We use nonlinear pulsation models to reproduce the observed light and color curves for two samples of bump Cepheid variables, 19 from the Large Magellanic Cloud and 9 from the Small Magellanic Cloud. This analysis determines the fundamental parameters mass, luminosity, effective temperature, metallicity, distance, and reddening for the sample of stars. The use of the light-curve shape alone to determine metallicity is a new modeling technique introduced here. The metallicity, distance, and reddening distributions for the two samples are in agreement with those of similar stellar populations in the literature. The distance modulus of the Large Magellanic Cloud is determined to be 18.54 ± 0.018, and the distance modulus of the Small Magellanic Cloud is determined to be 18.93 ± 0.024. The mean Cepheid metallicities are Z = 0.0091 ± 0.0007 and 0.0050 ± 0.0005 for the LMC and SMC, respectively. The masses derived from pulsation analysis are significantly less than those predicted by stellar evolutionary models with no or mild convective core overshoot. We show that this discrepancy cannot be accounted for by uncertainties in our input opacities or in mass-loss physics. We interpret the observed mass discrepancy in terms of enhanced internal mixing in the vicinity of the convective core during the main-sequence lifetime and find that the overshoot parameter Λc rises from 0.688 ± 0.009Hp at the mean LMC metallicity to 0.746 ± 0.009Hp in the SMC.
Microtubule disassembly induces cytoskeletal remodeling and lung vascular barrier dysfunction: Role of Rho‐dependent mechanisms

Barrier dysfunction of pulmonary endothelial monolayer is associated with dramatic cytoskeletal reorganization, activation of actomyosin contractility, and gap formation. The linkage between the microtubule (MT) network and the contractile cytoskeleton has not been fully explored, however, clinical observations suggest that intravenous administration of anti‐cancer drugs and MT inhibitors (such as the vinca alkaloids) can lead to the sudden development of pulmonary edema in breast cancer patients. In this study, we investigated the crosstalk between MT and actomyosin cytoskeleton and characterized specific molecular mechanisms of endothelial cells (EC) barrier dysfunction induced by MT inhibitor nocodazole (ND). Our results demonstrate that MT disassembly by ND induced rapid decreases in transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) and actin cytoskeletal remodeling, indicating EC barrier dysfunction. These effects involved ND‐induced activation of Rho GTPase. Rho‐mediated activation of its downstream target, Rho‐kinase, induced phosphorylation of Rho‐kinase effector EC MLC phosphatase (MYPT1) at Thr696 and Thr850 resulting in MYPT1 inactivation. Phosphatase inhibition leaded to accumulation of diphospho‐MLC, which induced acto‐myosin polymerization, stress fiber formation and gap formation. Inhibition of Rho‐kinase by Y27632 abolished ND‐induced MYPT1 phosphorylation, MLC phosphorylation, and stress fiber formation. In addition, MT preservation via the MT stabilizer paclitaxel, Rho inhibition (via C3 exotoxin, or dominant negative (DN)‐Rho, or DN‐Rho‐kinase) attenuated ND‐induced TER decreases, stress fiber formation and MLC phosphorylation. Collectively, our results demonstrate a leading role for Rho‐dependent mechanisms in crosstalk between the MT and actomyosin cytoskeleton, and suggest Rho‐kinase and MYPT1 as major Rho effectors mediating pulmonary EC barrier disruption in response to ND‐induced MT disassembly. J. Cell. Physiol. 201: 55–70, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antenatal risk factors, cytokines and the development of atopic disease in early childhood

Atopic diseases are complex entities influenced by an array of risk factors, including genetic predisposition, environmental allergens, antenatal exposures, infections and psychosocial factors. One proposed mechanism by which these risk factors contribute to the development of atopic disease is through changes in the production of T helper cell type 1 (Th1) and T helper cell type 2 (Th2) cytokines. The objectives of this review are to discuss antenatal exposures that are associated with paediatric atopic diseases, to discuss the influence of the intrauterine environment on neonatal immune responses, to provide an overview of the Th1 and Th2 pathways and how they relate to atopic disease, and to summarise our current understanding of the association between cytokine responses in cord blood and the development of atopic disease in early childhood.
On McClellan transform and 2-D QMF banks

One dimensional perfect reconstruction (PR) QMF banks have been studied extensively. It is attractive to use McClellan transform to obtain a two dimensional PR QMF bank. However, such an application of McClellan transform has not been studied in detail so far. This paper shows bad news and good news on the application of McClellan transform to 2D PR QMF banks. Let H/sub 0/(z/sub 1/, z/sub 2/) and H/sub 1/(z/sub 1/,z/sub 2/) be analysis filters obtained by McClellan transform. We prove that any such. <<ETX>>
A Personalised Monitoring and Recommendation Framework for Kinetic Dysfunctions: The Trendelenburg Gait

Kinetics and kinematics have been the focus of a lot of research throughout the years, and technological advances have contributed towards advanced monitoring and analysing of motion. Focusing on Trendelenburg Gait, an abnormal gait, a personalisation framework for monitoring and evaluating the movement is proposed in this paper based on a number of factors, such as individuals' body composition, motion mechanisms, capturing process, analysis tools and information presentation techniques. A formal description of such factors allow for a better understanding and deeper analysis of the critical points, enabling the framework to provide improvement recommendations, applied in interdisciplinary contexts such as rehabilitation, medical applications, strength and conditioning, and sport performance.
A Knowledge-Modeling Approach for Multilingual Regulus Lexica

Development of lexical resources is, along with grammar development, one of the main efforts when building multilingual NLP applications. In this paper, we present a tool-based approach for more efficient manual lexicon development for a spoken language translation system. The approach in particular addresses the common problems of multilingual lexica including the redundancy of encoded information and inconsistency of lexica of different languages. The general benefits of this practical tool-based approach are clear and user-friendly lexicon structure, inheritance of information inside of a language and between different system languages, and transparency and consistency of coverage between system languages. The visual tool-based approach is user-friendly to linguistic informants that dont have previous experience of lexicon development, while at the same time, it still is a powerful tool for expert system developers.
Presentation modality effect on false memories in younger and older adults: The use of an inference paradigm

Classically, false memories are studied using the DRM paradigm (Deese, 1959; Roediger & McDermott, 1995), involving use of words lists. The words of each list are linked to a critical word not presented. Participants create a false memory in recognising and/or recalling this critical word. In most cases older adults have more false memories than younger adults in this paradigm. To use less strategy-dependent material, we compared predictive inferences activated during text reading in young and healthy older participants. For example, in the sentence “The fragile porcelain vase was thrown against the wall” the predictive inference was that the vase is broken. After reading or hearing the texts, the participants had false memories in recalling and/or recognising the predictive inferences. Older adults had more false recognitions than younger adults when they read or heard the text. However, the difference did not reach significance with the cued recalled task. It is concluded that, in more ecological situations such as text reading, abilities in older adults can be preserved.
Morphology feeds syntax: the case of particle verbs

Les As. veulent montrer que les verbes a particule sont formes lexicalement et que la propriete de separabilite determine a la fois leur comportement morphologique et leur comportement syntaxique. L'analyse porte sur l'allemand, ainsi que sur des langues typologiquement differentes