Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gray and white matter brain abnormalities in first-episode schizophrenia inferred from magnetization transfer imaging.

BACKGROUND Neuroimaging studies suggest that schizophrenia is associated with gray and possibly white matter changes. It is unclear whether these changes are present at illness onset or which brain structures are selectively affected. New imaging methods such as magnetization transfer imaging may be more sensitive than conventional volumetric imaging to the subtle structural brain changes in schizophrenia. METHODS High-resolution volumetric T1-weighted images and magnetization transfer images were acquired from 30 patients (29 with first-episode schizophrenia and 1 with schizophreniform psychoses) and 30 control subjects. Images were processed using voxel-based morphometry, which allows whole-brain analysis. RESULTS Compared with controls, the magnetization transfer ratio (an index of signal loss derived from magnetization transfer imaging) was reduced bilaterally in the medial prefrontal cortex (right greater than left), insula (left greater than right), and white matter incorporating the fasciculus uncinatus (left greater than right) in the patient group. Analysis of the T1-weighted images did not reveal significant volumetric differences between patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS Gray and white matter abnormalities are present in schizophrenia at illness onset. The magnetization transfer ratio is sensitive to these abnormalities, which cannot be explained by detectable atrophy in our patient group.
Mid-range kHz electric resonance coupling wireless power tranfser

This paper describes mid-range electrical resonance wireless power transfer in kHz range. Wireless power transfer using electrical field is minor since this method is understood only for close-range applications. However, our experimental units, the resonance frequency of which is 85 kHz, achieved 180 mm distance power transmission by vector network analyzer (VNA) measurement while keeping peak efficiency 68 %. In case of frequency response analyzer (FRA) measurement, the units can transfer power the most to the load at 300 mm but the efficiency is low. The closer the distance between the units, the better the efficiency is.
Biological Chemistry

BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. By Alexander Gero. New York, The Blakiston Company, 1952. xvi + 340 pp. $5.00. This book is proposed to serve as a nexus between undergraduate organic chemistry and graduate or medical school biochemistry. An indication of its scope can be gained by a listing of the table of contents. There are two chapters on physical chemistry, single chapters on the electronic theory of organic chemistry, optical isomerism, protein chemistry, carbohydrate chemistry, lipid chemistry, steroids, isoprenoid compounds, aromatic compounds, heterocycles, biochemical reactions, chemical structure and physiological activity, research methods, syntheses of important compounds, and a final list and description of recommended textbooks and monographs for supplementary reading. The book is thus comprehensive. But it lacks depth; this is especially marked in the presentation of physical chemistry and the discussion of chemical structure and physiological activity. The author states in his preface that "this text is essentially a somewhat advanced organic chemistry. " Although the book may suffer from this pretense, it does not suffer from such substance. J. P. G.
The First Case of Biological Therapy Discontinuation After a Complete Remission Induced by Maintenance Therapy With Adalimumab for Refractory Ulcerative Colitis

A 43-year-old woman, diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC) at age of 30, received outpatient treatment with corticosteroids. However, flare-up occurred, and adalimumab (ADA) treatment commenced in July 2009. A complete remission with mucosal healing was achieved by 32 weeks after initiation of ADA therapy. Because of progressive skin eruptions, ADA maintenance was discontinued at 124 weeks. Regardless, complete remission with mucosal healing was maintained until 176 weeks. We concluded that ADA is an effective therapy to achieve a complete remission in a patient with steroid-refractory UC, and that long-term complete remission may be an important indication to discontinue biological therapy.
Learners and pedagogy

PART ONE: PERSPECTIVES ON PEDAGOGY Introduction - Jenny Leach and Bob Moon Folk Pedagogies - Jerome Bruner Learning and Pedagogy in Communities of Practice - Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger Why No Pedagogy in England? - Brian Simon Pedagogy, Culture, Language and Race - Paulo Freire and Donaldo P Macedo A Dialogue PART TWO: TRANSFORMING KNOWLEDGE Introduction - Jenny Leach and Bob Moon Knowledge and Teaching - Lee S Shulman Foundations of the New Reform Teaching for Understanding in the Disciplines - and Beyond - Howard Gardner and Veronica Boix-Mansilla New Understandings of Teachers' Pedagogic Knowledge - Frank Banks, Jenny Leach and Bob Moon Didactics as Construction of Content - Peter Menck The Influence of National Cultural Traditions on Knowledge and Pedagogy - Birgit Pepin Classroom Practice in England, France and Germany PART THREE: PEDAGOGIC SETTINGS Introduction - Jenny Leach and Bob Moon Development of Scientific Literacy - Beverly Caswell and Mary Lamon The Evolution of Ideas in a Knowledge-Building Classroom The Equation, the Whole Equation and Nothing But the Equation! One Approach to the Teaching of Linear Equations - Susan E B Pirie and Lyndon Martin The North Face of Shakespeare - James Stredder Practical Approaches to the Teaching of Shakespeare's Narratives Constructing History in a Graduate Curriculum Class - Wanda T May Problem-Based Learning in Medical Education - Charles E Engel Single-Sex Settings - Anne-Mette Kruse Pedagogies for Girls and Boys in Danish Schools Chances of a Lifetime - Peter Woods Exceptional Educational Events What Is Teaching for Understanding? - Martha Stone Wiske Postmodern Classrooms on the Borders? - Wendy Morgan Recreating Pedagogy - Jenny Leach and Bob Moon
Framingham stroke risk function in a large population-based cohort of elderly people: the 3C study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE External validation of the Framingham stroke risk function has been rarely performed. We assessed its predictive ability in a population-based cohort of French elderly. METHODS The sample comprised 6913 subjects from the 3C Study, aged 65 to 84 at baseline, who were followed up to 6 years. Predictive accuracy of the original Framingham stroke risk function was assessed in a 3-step procedure: comparison between the Framingham and 3C cohorts of the prevalence of selected risk factors and the associated relative risks (RR) for stroke, comparison of the predicted to the observed number of stroke events (calibration), and ability to separate high-risk from low-risk participants (discrimination). We also compared predictive performances of the original Framingham, the recalibrated Framingham, and the local stroke risk functions. RESULTS During follow-up, 110 incident strokes occurred. For most risk factors, RRs were comparable between the 2 cohorts, except for age in women. The original Framingham stroke risk function applied to the 3C cohort overestimated the 6-year absolute risk for stroke by a factor of 3.7 for men and 4.4 for women. However, the recalibrated Framingham and 3C functions did not show any over- or underestimation of stroke risk. The 3 stroke risk functions (original, recalibrated, and 3C) provided acceptable discrimination with areas under the ROC curve ranging from 0.67 to 0.73. CONCLUSIONS The original Framingham stroke risk function strongly overestimated the stroke risk for 3C participants. Derived Framingham stroke score sheets should not be directly used by physicians in the French elderly population.
A ‘pocket guide’ to total internal reflection fluorescence

The phenomenon of total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) was placed in the context of optical microscopy by Daniel Axelrod over three decades ago. TIRF microscopy exploits the properties of an evanescent electromagnetic field to optically section sample regions in the close vicinity of the substrate where the field is induced. The first applications in cell biology targeted investigation of phenomena at the basolateral plasma membrane. The most notable application of TIRF is single‐molecule experiments, which can provide information on fluctuation distributions and rare events, yielding novel insights on the mechanisms governing the molecular interactions that underpin many fundamental processes within the cell. This short review intends to provide a ‘one stop shop’ explanation of the electromagnetic theory behind the remarkable properties of the evanescent field, guide the reader through the principles behind building or choosing your own TIRF system and consider how the most popular applications of the method exploit the evanescent field properties.
Outreach invitations for FIT and colonoscopy improve colorectal cancer screening rates: A randomized controlled trial in a safety‐net health system

The effectiveness of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is limited by underuse, particularly among underserved populations. Among a racially diverse and socioeconomically disadvantaged cohort of patients, the authors compared the effectiveness of fecal immunochemical test (FIT) outreach and colonoscopy outreach to increase screening participation rates, compared with usual visit‐based care.
Object-Oriented Wrapper for Semistructured Data in a Data Grid Architecture

The paper addresses the problem of integrating data based on a XML-like semistructured model with a data grid architecture based on an object-oriented model. This work is continuation of the previous works on object-to-relational wrappers and covers a generic integration procedure for utilizing a native Lore query mechanism for retrieving data from XML data sources. A corresponding wrapper is founded on the concepts of the stackbased approach (SBA) and updatable views. The proposed architecture supports grid's transparency and allows a grid user to operate in an object-oriented environment through SBQL, a stackbased query language. The described wrapper makes it possible to employ the native Lorel query optimization mechanisms. A query entering the front-end of the wrapper (object-oriented business model) is transformed and rewritten according to the SBQL optimization rules incorporated in the wrapper and then evaluated in the native XML resource environment through the query language Lorel. The paper discusses architectural issues of such a wrapper and presents its idea through a concise example. 1 This work was supported in part by European Commission under 6. FP project eGov-Bus, IST-4-
Participação social do idoso: estudo bibliométrico da produção científica recente (2010-2013)

The world scientific literature, in accordance with the specific public policies to the elderly, emphasizes that social participation is a pillar for active aging. In this article, the scientific literature on the social participation of the elderly available in the Virtual Health Library (BVS/Bireme) is investigated through the bibliometric study that analyzed 44 articles. The results revealed that these studies are recent and most of them were developed and published in European and North American countries. The cross-sectional studies, with approach of quantitative data predominated. The noninstitutionalized was the main target public of research, and non-standardized instruments were mostly used to investigate the social participation. Different domains and levels of social involvement were determined by the authors, and they have recognized social participation as an indicator of active and healthy aging. It was possible to verify the influence of contextual determinants in social participation of elderly reinforcing its complexity and multidimensionality. Article information Submitted: 16 / Jul / 2014 Accepted: 4 / Aug / 2014 Conflict of interest: None. Funding sources: None. Authorial contribution: The authors participated fully in all stages of development of the article, since the delimitation of the subject, defining the methodology, description and analysis of the results and text editing.
[A double ambulatory product (blood pressure and heart rate), mild arterial hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy].

OBJECTIVE Analysis of the different ambulatory blood pressure monitoring derived parameters in terms of cardiac structural repercussion, in patients with isolated systolic and mild systolic-diastolic hypertension. SETTING Prospective study involving simultaneously the two-dimensional echocardiographic technique and the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring method. PATIENTS Out patients regularly observed in the Cardiology Department of Egas Moniz Hospital in Lisbon, were included in our study. MATERIAL AND METHODS We studied 50 hypertensive patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of our study (Group H) and 20 subjects who were the normal aged matched population (Group N). through ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, in each individual of these two groups, we considered the mean values of daily systolic blood and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and ambulatory heart rate blood pressure product. Through two-dimensional echocardiography we calculated the left ventricular mass and the correspondent index corrected for the body surface. RESULTS In the H group an comparing to the N group, the mean value of the daily systolic blood pressure was 112 +/- 6 mmHg and 159 +/- 8 mmHg (p < 0.001) respectively, diastolic blood pressure was 60 +/- 5 mmHg and 75 +/- 7 mmHg respectively (p < 0.001), heart rate blood pressure product was 6720 +/- 580 and 12561 +/- 678 (p < 0.0001) and of the left ventricular mass index was 109 +/- 10 gm2 and 145 +/- 7 g/m2 (p < 0.001). The correlation coefficient between the left ventricular mass index and mean systolic, diastolic blood pressures and ambulatory heart rate blood pressure product was 0.60 (p < 0.01), 0.45 (p = NS) and 0.73 (p < 0.001) respectively. CONCLUSIONS In the evaluation of the increase in left ventricular mass, ambulatory heart rate blood pressure product is a more accurate parameter compared to the mean daily blood pressure values. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is a method with a great potential and clinical application, when studying patients with hypertension diagnosis.
Group visits: a qualitative review of current research.

PURPOSE The group visit model has emerged as one possible solution to problems posed by the limitations of current structures of care and the demands of a growing chronic illness load. In this article, we summarize current group visit research and develop suggestions for furthering this care model. METHODS An electronic review of all group visit articles published from the years 1974 to 2004 was conducted via the PubMed and MedLine databases. Reference sections of articles thus obtained were mined for additional citations. Articles were excluded if: (1) they were not research studies (ie, purely descriptive, with no evaluative component); or (2) the group visit intervention was subsumed under larger primary or hospital-based interventions. RESULTS Although the heterogeneity of the studies presented renders the assessment of this care model problematic, there is sufficient data to support the effectiveness of group visits in improving patient and physician satisfaction, quality of care, quality of life, and in decreasing emergency department and specialist visits. CONCLUSION Group visits are a promising approach to chronic care management for the motivated patient. Future research may benefit, however, from abandoning old nomenclatures and clearly defining the structure, processes of care, content of visits, and appropriate outcome measures.
Inverting feedforward neural networks using linear and nonlinear programming

The problem of inverting trained feedforward neural networks is to find the inputs which yield a given output. In general, this problem is an ill-posed problem because the mapping from the output space to the input space is a one-to-many mapping. In this paper, we present a method for dealing with the inverse problem by using mathematical programming techniques. The principal idea behind the method is to formulate the inverse problem as a nonlinear programming (NLP) problem, a separable programming (SP) problem, or a linear programming (LP) problem according to the architectures of networks to be inverted or the types of network inversions to be computed. An important advantage of the method over the existing iterative inversion algorithm is that various designated network inversions of multilayer perceptrons (MLP's) and radial basis function (RBF) neural networks can be obtained by solving the corresponding SP problems, which can be solved by a modified simplex method, a well-developed and efficient method for solving LP problems. We present several examples to demonstrate the proposed method and the applications of network inversions to examining and improving the generalization performance of trained networks. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Are Oral-Motor Exercises Useful in the Treatment of Phonological/Articulatory Disorders?

The utility of oral-motor exercises in the remediation of children's speech acquisition delays continues to be a controversial issue. There are few empirical evaluations of the efficacy of these nonspeech activities in effecting speech changes, although much can be learned from investigations in related fields. The purpose of this article is to review the extant studies of the relation between oral-motor exercises and speech production in children as well as to examine the motor learning literature to gain a broader perspective on the issue. Results of this examination lead to questions about the procedures that are currently applied as well as to suggestions for future development of nonspeech activities in the treatment of children's phonological/articulatory disorders.
Chronic condition self-management: Working in partnership toward appropriate models for age and culturally diverse clients

Abstract Chronic conditions place a significant burden on the Australian health care system, and this burden continues to increase. This literature review examines the concepts of chronic illness and chronic condition self-management (CCSM), particularly in the context of asthma. It explores the implementation of, and barriers to, CCSM in the modern health care system with a focus on CCSM in children and adolescents, and the differences that need to be recognized when dealing with Indigenous Australian children.
Narrative and Horticultural Imperative: Predicting Discourse Ability in Traumatic Brain Injury from Cognitive and Communicative Factors

Purpose: The goal of the current research study was to advance our knowledge of cognitivecommunicative disorders following traumatic brain injury (TBI) by identifying the cognitive and communicative processes underlying narrative discourse ability. The study 1) examined the role of working memory (WM) and inferencing in narrative discourse, 2) tested key assumptions posited by the Structure Building Framework (SBF; Gernsbacher, 1990), a cognitive model of normative discourse comprehension and 3) attempted to disambiguate the relationship between discourse comprehension and discourse production. Methods: Forty-four native English speakers participated, comprising 21 individuals with TBI, all with closed-head injuries, and 23 non-brain-injured (NBI) comparison individuals. Participants completed six core study tasks yielding seven measures of interest: verbal and nonverbal working memory updating (WMU-V, WMU-NV), predictive inference, the Discourse Comprehension Test (DCT; Brookshire & Nicholas, 1993), a picture story comprehension task (PSC) and story retelling (story grammar and story completeness). Three regression analyses were performed. In the first and second set of models, WM and
A genome-wide analysis of CpG dinucleotides in the human genome distinguishes two distinct classes of promoters

A striking feature of the human genome is the dearth of CpG dinucleotides (CpGs) interrupted occasionally by CpG islands (CGIs), regions with relatively high content of the dinucleotide. CGIs are generally associated with promoters; genes, whose promoters are especially rich in CpG sequences, tend to be expressed in most tissues. However, all working definitions of what constitutes a CGI rely on ad hoc thresholds. Here we adopt a direct and comprehensive survey to identify the locations of all CpGs in the human genome and find that promoters segregate naturally into two classes by CpG content. Seventy-two percent of promoters belong to the class with high CpG content (HCG), and 28% are in the class whose CpG content is characteristic of the overall genome (low CpG content). The enrichment of CpGs in the HCG class is symmetric and peaks around the core promoter. The broad-based expression of the HCG promoters is not a consequence of a correlation with CpG content because within the HCG class the breadth of expression is independent of the CpG content. The overall depletion of CpGs throughout the genome is thought to be a consequence of the methylation of some germ-line CpGs and their susceptibility to mutation. A comparison of the frequencies of inferred deamination mutations at CpG and GpC dinucleotides in the two classes of promoters using SNPs in human-chimpanzee sequence alignments shows that CpGs mutate at a lower frequency in the HCG promoters, suggesting that CpGs in the HCG class are hypomethylated in the germ line.
Dynamic hydroxymethylation of deoxyribonucleic acid marks differentiation-associated enhancers

Enhancers are developmentally controlled transcriptional regulatory regions whose activities are modulated through histone modifications or histone variant deposition. In this study, we show by genome-wide mapping that the newly discovered deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) modification 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is dynamically associated with transcription factor binding to distal regulatory sites during neural differentiation of mouse P19 cells and during adipocyte differentiation of mouse 3T3-L1 cells. Functional annotation reveals that regions gaining 5hmC are associated with genes expressed either in neural tissues when P19 cells undergo neural differentiation or in adipose tissue when 3T3-L1 cells undergo adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, distal regions gaining 5hmC together with H3K4me2 and H3K27ac in P19 cells behave as differentiation-dependent transcriptional enhancers. Identified regions are enriched in motifs for transcription factors regulating specific cell fates such as Meis1 in P19 cells and PPARγ in 3T3-L1 cells. Accordingly, a fraction of hydroxymethylated Meis1 sites were associated with a dynamic engagement of the 5-methylcytosine hydroxylase Tet1. In addition, kinetic studies of cytosine hydroxymethylation of selected enhancers indicated that DNA hydroxymethylation is an early event of enhancer activation. Hence, acquisition of 5hmC in cell-specific distal regulatory regions may represent a major event of enhancer progression toward an active state and participate in selective activation of tissue-specific genes.