Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Properties Characterization of Vulcanized Natural Rubber Filled with Uncarbonized Particulate Cow Bone

This work investigates the effects of addition of 63 µm uncarbonized particulate cow bone as fillers in vulcanized natural rubber on the tensile properties, hardness and abrasion resistance of the composites. Cow bones were procured from an abattoir, cleaned, crushed, pulverized, ball milled and sieved to obtain the particles that passed through the 63 µm mesh size. Natural rubber composites materials were prepared varying the filler loading as 5, 10, 15 and 20 pphr respectively. The compounded rubber samples were cured in a hot press using compression moulding technique. The control sample was produced using 20 pphr of carbon black. The cured rubber samples were conditioned at room temperature for two weeks before they were characterized. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of the samples filled with cow bone increased with filler loading up to 15 pphr before they started decreasing. Carbon black reinforced sample possessed higher tensile strength, modulus and hardness than the samples filled with uncarbonized particulate cow bone. The hardness for all samples maintained an increasing trend with increase in the filler loadings. Particulate cow bone reinforced natural rubber offered higher elongation than carbon black reinforced samples. At 10, 15 and 20 pphr, cow bone reinforced composites exhibited higher abrasion resistance than carbon black filled sample. The optimal filler loading of uncarbonized particulate cow bone reinforced natural rubber was 15 pphr. Cow bone reinforced natural rubber can find applications in areas where moderate strength, hardness, elongation and wear resistance are required such as in protective footwear, bouncing balls and cases of children toys.Keywords— carbon black, cow bone, fillers, natural rubber, composites.
Development of a carbohydrate‐supplemented semidefined medium for the semiselective cultivation of Lactobacillus spp.

The macronutrient and micronutrient compositions of traditional media used to cultivate Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are largely undefined, which precludes their use in many metabolic bioassays. In order to address this deficiency, we developed MS: a carbohydrate‐supplemented semidefined medium with low‐background coloration. MS was designed to support the semiselective cultivation of a wide range of fastidious species belonging to the Lactobacillus clade of the LAB. When supplemented with 100 mM D‐glucose, the MS medium stimulated the proliferation of 21 strains of LAB, including Pediococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. The MS medium supported biomass accumulation comparable with MRS, an undefined medium routinely used for the cultivation of lactobacilli. Interestingly, however, the novel MS medium exhibited greater semiselectivity against non‐LAB than MRS. Together, these results suggest that MS is an acceptable alternative to MRS for use in metabolic and phenotypic bioassays that use a colorimetric reporter system or would benefit from a semidefined nutrient composition.
(S)‐1‐α‐naphthylmethyl‐6,7‐dihydroxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline (CKD712), promotes wound closure by producing VEGF through HO‐1 induction in human dermal fibroblasts and mouse skin

Given the importance of VEGF and haem oxygenase (HO)‐1 in wound healing, the present study tested the hypothesis that CKD712, a synthetic tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid, activated VEGF production through the induction of HO‐1 in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and in mouse skin to stimulate wound healing.
Application of the Whittle estimator to the modeling of traffic based on the M/G/∞ process

Several traffic measurements reports have shown the presence of persistent correlations in current networ Its. The essence of this behavior can be captured by several classes of stochastic processes. The M/G/infin process plays a key role for this purpose. In addition to its theoretical simplicity, it has been successfully used to model widely different traffic sources. In this letter, we obtain the parametric form of the spectral density of an M/G/infin-based process, able to model both the long-term and the short-term correlation behavior of traffic, and we check the robustness of the Whittle estimator taking this process as the underlying one.
Cytological and Proteomic Analyses of Osmunda cinnamomea Germinating Spores Reveal Characteristics of Fern Spore Germination and Rhizoid Tip Growth*

Fern spore is a good single-cell model for studying the sophisticated molecular networks in asymmetric cell division, differentiation, and polar growth. Osmunda cinnamomea L. var. asiatica is one of the oldest fern species with typical separate-growing trophophyll and sporophyll. The chlorophyllous spores generated from sporophyll can germinate without dormancy. In this study, the spore ultrastructure, antioxidant enzyme activities, as well as protein and gene expression patterns were analyzed in the course of spore germination at five typical stages (i.e. mature spores, rehydrated spores, double-celled spores, germinated spores, and spores with protonemal cells). Proteomic analysis revealed 113 differentially expressed proteins, which were mainly involved in photosynthesis, reserve mobilization, energy supplying, protein synthesis and turnover, reactive oxygen species scavenging, signaling, and cell structure modulation. The presence of multiple proteoforms of 25 differentially expressed proteins implies that post-translational modification may play important roles in spore germination. The dynamic patterns of proteins and their encoding genes exhibited specific characteristics in the processes of cell division and rhizoid tip growth, which include heterotrophic and autotrophic metabolisms, de novo protein synthesis and active protein turnover, reactive oxygen species and hormone (brassinosteroid and ethylene) signaling, and vesicle trafficking and cytoskeleton dynamic. In addition, the function skew of proteins in fern spores highlights the unique and common mechanisms when compared with evolutionarily divergent spermatophyte pollen. These findings provide an improved understanding of the typical single-celled asymmetric division and polar growth during fern spore germination.
Hepatitis C Virus: Viral Quasispecies and Genotypes

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) mainly replicates in the cytoplasm, where it easily establishes persistent infection, resulting in chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Due to its high rate of mutation, HCV forms viral quasispecies, categorized based on the highly variable regions in the envelope protein and nonstructural 5A protein. HCV possesses seven major genotypes, among which genotype 1 is the most prevalent globally. The distribution of HCV genotypes varies based on geography, and each genotype has a different sensitivity to interferon treatment. Recently-developed direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), which target viral proteases or polymerases, mediate drastically better antiviral effects than previous therapeutics. Although treatment with DAAs has led to the development of drug-resistant HCV mutants, the most recently approved DAAs show improved pan-genomic activity, with a higher barrier to viral resistance.
Human Neuroscience

tion that served as a bottleneck, and activated the same brain structure (Goebel et al., 2004). Second, claims for a single numerical representation have been based on lack of evidence for differences in parietal activation for different numerical formats in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. These null effects may have resulted from a relative lack of spatial resolution (cf, Cohen Kadosh and Walsh, 2009), because each activated mm 3 voxel in the parietal lobe in an fMRI experiment contains about 1.25 million neurons (Pakkenberg and Gundersen, 1997). Therefore, observing similar activations at the voxel-level for different formats (Pinel et al., 2001), does not necessarily indicate a single representation. This theoretical point is gaining experimental support from single-cell neurophysiology in monkeys which found that most of the neu-rons in the left and right IPS were selective to one numerical format or to another, as they showed high selectivity specific to dots or digits (Diester and Nieder, 2007). Human fMRI studies have also shown that numerical processing in the right parietal lobe is more responsive to digits than verbal numbers (Cohen Kadosh et al., 2007a). In the current study, we used an fMR adaptation (fMRA) paradigm , and effective connectivity analysis to test the hypothesis that neuronal responses within the human IPS area that responds to magnitude are specialized to represent different numerical formats. fMRA has been used to examine neuronal specialization in the ventral stream in the case of object and face recognition (Kourtzi and Kanwisher, 2000), for a recent review see Kanwisher (2010). The logic of this technique is based on the reduction in neural responses to repeated presentation of the same stimulus characteristic (to which the neurons are tuned) relative to presentation of a different stimulus characteristic. These neural
An XSketch-based spelling suggestion approach for XML keyword search

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the spelling suggestion (SS) problem for extensible markup language (XML) keyword search, which provides users with alternative queries that may better express users search intention. Design/methodology/approach – To return the suggested queries more efficiently, the authors evaluate the quality of the query by estimating the selectivity and quality of each query pattern. The selectivity estimation is based on the XSketch synopsis, which summarizes the structure and value distribution of the original XML data source. The authors propose an approach to generating the top-K query candidates. Findings – Experiments with real datasets verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the authors' approach. Originality/value – The authors proposed a SS approach based on the XSketch summary.
Guided Growth of Millimeter-Long Horizontal Nanowires with Controlled Orientations

Long, horizontal gallium nitride nanowires are controllably grown on different faces of a sapphire substrate. The large-scale assembly of nanowires with controlled orientation on surfaces remains one challenge preventing their integration into practical devices. We report the vapor-liquid-solid growth of aligned, millimeter-long, horizontal GaN nanowires with controlled crystallographic orientations on different planes of sapphire. The growth directions, crystallographic orientation, and faceting of the nanowires vary with each surface orientation, as determined by their epitaxial relationship with the substrate, as well as by a graphoepitaxial effect that guides their growth along surface steps and grooves. Despite their interaction with the surface, these horizontally grown nanowires display few structural defects, exhibiting optical and electronic properties comparable to those of vertically grown nanowires. This paves the way to highly controlled nanowire structures with potential applications not available by other means.
Finding Social Network for Trust Calculation

Trust is a necessary concept to realize the Semantic Web. But how can we build a "Web of Trust"? We first argue that a small "Web of Trust" for each community is very essential to realize a huge "Web of Trust. " Then, we focus on an academic community as a microcosm of a "Web of Trust" and show a web mining approach to generate a social network automatically. Each edge is added using the number of retrieved pages by a search engine which includes both persons' names. Moreover, each edge is given a label, such as "coauthors" or "members of the same project," by applying classification rules to the page content. The relation of persons such as "coauthor" or "same laboratory" can be described by an RDF format. Finally, using the social network, we calculate authoritativeness of a node as a social trust and an individual trust.
Hedgehog targets in the Drosophila embryo and the mechanisms that generate tissue-specific outputs of Hedgehog signaling

Paracrine Hedgehog (Hh) signaling regulates growth and patterning in many Drosophila organs. We mapped chromatin binding sites for Cubitus interruptus (Ci), the transcription factor that mediates outputs of Hh signal transduction, and we analyzed transcription profiles of control and mutant embryos to identify genes that are regulated by Hh. Putative targets that we identified included several Hh pathway components, mostly previously identified targets, and many targets that are novel. Every Hh target we analyzed that is not a pathway component appeared to be regulated by Hh in a tissue-specific manner; analysis of expression patterns of pathway components and target genes provided evidence of autocrine Hh signaling in the optic primordium of the embryo. We present evidence that tissue specificity of Hh targets depends on transcription factors that are Hh-independent, suggesting that `pre-patterns' of transcription factors partner with Ci to make Hh-dependent gene expression position specific.
Critical appraisal of clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Background and Aim: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common reason for cancer‐related death worldwide. Many countries either lack appropriate clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC or the quality of their guidelines has never been evaluated. The main objective of our work was to identify published HCC guidelines and assess their quality with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation instrument (AGREE) and their suitability regarding adaptation for future guidelines.
Automated Discovery of Search Interfaces on the Web

Web search engines work well for finding crawlable pages, but not for finding datasets hidden behind Web search forms. We describe a novel technique for detecting search forms, which could be the basis for a next-generation distributed search application. We use automatic feature generation to describe candidate forms and C4.5 decision trees to classify them. In two testbeds, we get an accuracy of more than 85% and a precision of more than 87%. One of our decision trees is effective on both testbeds, suggesting that it is a useful general-purpose tree.
Advances in Endovascular Approaches to Cerebral Aneurysms.

Abstract Recent advancements in all phases of endovascular aneurysm treatment, including medical therapy, diagnostics, devices, and implants, abound. Advancements in endovascular technologies and techniques have enabled treatment of a wide variety of intracranial aneurysms. In this article, technical advances in endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms are discussed, with an effort to incorporate a clinically relevant perspective. Advancements in diagnostic tools, medical therapy, and implants are reviewed and discussed.
Mining Reliable Models of Associations in Dynamic Databases

Most current work on data mining has been focused on devising efficient techniques to build accurate models from databases. Research on how the accuracy of a model changes as a function of dynamic updates when the databases are collected over time is lacking. In this work we show that extracting this information: knowing which aspects of the model are changing; and how they are changing as a function of data updates; can be very effective for accuracy purposes. In this paper we consider the problem of generate reliable models within the context of association mining, a key data mining task. A model is reliable when it does not lose accuracy and predictive power over time. This is a challenging problem because a model, no matter how accurate, can only predict based on associations mined in the old data. That is, a model requires a semi-stable environment, otherwise it will lose accuracy and predictive power over time. We propose a new approach which, by detecting how the associations are evolving over time, is able to generate more reliable models in dynamic databases. Extensive experimental evaluation on real databases (from e-commerce domain) demonstrates the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach.
Agent-mediated off-exchange trading

We introduce a prototype approach to automate the off-exchange trading via (intelligent) software agents. An innovative multi-agent based trading system is presented that permits the trader to initiate automated single auctions and/or dynamic negotiations within a continuous off-exchange trading in the bond market. After deriving the main requirements for this approach, we give an insight into the system's concept.
An In Vitro Assay to Assess Transporter-Based Cholestatic Hepatotoxicity Using Sandwich-Cultured Rat Hepatocytes

Drug-induced cholestasis can result from the inhibition of biliary efflux of bile acids in the liver. Drugs may inhibit the hepatic uptake and/or the biliary efflux of bile acids resulting in an increase in serum concentrations. However, it is the intracellular concentration of bile acids that results in hepatotoxicity, and thus serum concentrations may not necessarily be an appropriate indicator of hepatotoxicity. In this study, sandwich-cultured rat hepatocytes were used as an in vitro model to assess the cholestatic potential of drugs using deuterium-labeled sodium taurocholate (d8-TCA) as a probe for bile acid transport. Eight drugs were tested as putative inhibitors of d8-TCA uptake and efflux. The hepatobiliary disposition of d8-TCA in the absence and presence of drugs was measured by using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, and the accumulation (hepatocytes and hepatocytes plus bile), biliary excretion index (BEI), and in vitro biliary clearance (Clbiliary) were reported. Compounds were classified based on inhibition of uptake, efflux, or a combination of both processes. Cyclosporine A and glyburide showed a decrease in total (hepatocytes plus bile) accumulation, an increase in intracellular (hepatocytes only) accumulation, and a decrease in BEI and Clbiliary of d8-TCA, suggesting that efflux was primarily affected. Erythromycin estolate, troglitazone, and bosentan resulted in a decrease in accumulation (total and intracellular), BEI, and Clbiliary of d8-TCA, suggesting that uptake was primarily affected. Determination of a compound's relative effect on bile acid uptake, efflux, and direct determination of alterations in intracellular amounts of bile acids may provide useful mechanistic information on compounds that cause increases in serum bile acids.
Prevalence of Vertical Condilar Asymmetry of the Temporomandibular Joint in Patients with Signs and Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders

La asimetria condilar vertical (ACV) es considerada un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de un Trastorno Temporomandibular (TTM). ACV se determina al comparar la altura condilar vertical entre el condilo derecho e izquierdo. Se han desarrollado diversas tecnicas para evaluar esta asimetria, las mas conocidas son las desarrolladas por Kjellberg et al. (1994) y Habets et al. (1988). El Objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la similitud de la tecnica de Habets con la tecnica de Kjellberg en cuanto a los resultados y analizar estos resultados de ACV de la articulacion temporomandibular en pacientes con signos y sintomas de un trastorno temporomandibular. Se analizaron 48 pacientes entre 12 y 65 anos. En cada paciente se establecio el porcentaje de simetria condilar segun el indice de Kjellberg y el indice de Habets y se relaciono con las variables sexo, edad, y signos y sintomas de TTM al momento del ingreso con respecto a los pacientes simetricos y asimetricos. Por ultimo se compararon los resultados de ambos indices. Segun el indice de Habets el 70,8% de los pacientes fue clasificado como asimetrico, en comparacion con kjellberg donde fue solo el 54,2%. No se encontro diferencia estadisticamente significativa entre la severidad de los signos y sintomas de un trastorno temporomandibular y las variables sexo, edad, indice de Habets e indice de Kjellberg. Tampoco se encontro diferencia estadisticamente significativa entre la edad de los pacientes y el indice de Kjellberg, pero si se encontro diferencia entre la edad y el indice de Habets donde los pacientes simetricos tenian menor edad. Se concluye que es posible pensar que la presencia de ACV no representa un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de un TTM.
. Agency Use Onlyleave Blank 2. Report Date 3. Report Type and Dates Covered Calculation of Unsteady Transonic Flows with Mild Separation by Viscous-inviscid Interaction

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, UnclassiieddUnlimited Subject Category 02 13. ABSTRACT Maximum 200 words This paper presents a method for calculating viscous eeects in two-and three-dimensional unsteady transonic ow elds. An integral boundary-layer method for turbulent viscous ow is coupled with the transonic small-disturbance potential equation in a quasi-steady manner. The viscous eeects are modeled with Green's lag-entrainment equations for attached ow and an inverse boundary-layer method for ows that involve mild separation. The boundary-layer method is used stripwise to approximate three-dimensional eeects. Applications are given for two-dimensional airfoils, aileron buzz, and a wing planform. Comparisons with inviscid calculations, other viscous calculation methods, and experimental data are presented. The results demonstrate that the present technique can economically and accurately calculate unsteady transonic ow elds that have viscous-inviscid interactions with mild ow separation.
Muscle plasticity of Inuit sled dogs in Greenland

SUMMARY This study examined flexible adjustments of skeletal muscle size, fiber structure, and capillarization in Inuit sled dogs responding to seasonal changes in temperature, exercise and food supply. Inuit dogs pull sleds in winter and are fed regularly throughout this working season. In summer, they remain chained to rocks without exercise, receiving food intermittently and often fasting for several days. We studied two dog teams in Northern Greenland (Qaanaaq) where dogs are still draught animals vital to Inuit hunters, and one dog team in Western Greenland (Qeqertarsuaq) where this traditional role has been lost. Northern Greenland dogs receive more and higher quality food than those in Western Greenland. We used ultrasonography for repeated muscle size measurements on the same individuals, and transmission electron microscopy on micro-biopsies for summer–winter comparisons of muscle histology, also within individuals. At both study sites, dogs' muscles were significantly thinner in summer than in winter – atrophy attributable to reduced fiber diameter. Sarcomeres from West Greenland dogs showed serious myofilament depletion and expansion of the sarcoplasmatic space between myofibrils during summer. At both study sites, summer samples showed fewer interfibrillar and subsarcolemmal mitochondria, and fewer lipid droplets between myofibrils, than did winter samples. In summer, capillary density was higher and inter-capillary distance smaller than in winter, but the capillary-to-fiber-ratio and number of capillaries associated with single myofibers were constant. Increased capillary density was probably a by-product of differential tissue responses to condition changes rather than a functional adaptation, because thinning of muscle fibers in summer was not accompanied by reduction in the capillary network. Thus, skeletal muscle of Inuit dogs responds flexibly to changes in functional demands. This flexibility is based on differential changes in functional components: mitochondrial numbers, lipid droplet size, and the number of contractile filaments all increase with increasing workload and food supply while the capillary network remains unchanged.