Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk of Heart Failure between Different Metabolic States of Health and Weight: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

We conducted a systematic review of cohort studies comparing the risk of heart failure in people with differing metabolic health and obesity statuses. We searched three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus), where the studies of the relationships of metabolic health and obesity statuses with heart failure were included. Fixed-effects or random-effects models were used to estimate the summary relative risks [RRs]. Ten cohort studies were selected. Compared with individuals with normal metabolic health and body mass, the pooled RRs (95% confidence intervals) for heart failure were 1.23 (1.17, 1.29) for metabolic healthy overweight individuals, 1.52 (1.40, 1.64) for metabolic healthy individuals with obesity, 1.56 (1.30, 1.87) for metabolically unhealthy normal-weight individuals, 1.75 (1.55, 1.98) for metabolically unhealthy overweight individuals, and 2.28 (1.96, 2.66) for metabolic unhealthy individuals with obesity. A sensitivity analysis suggested that no single study had a substantial effect on the results. The Egger’s and Begg’s tests showed no evidence of publication bias. People with overweight or obesity were at a higher risk of heart failure, even if metabolically healthy. In addition, compared with metabolically healthy normal-weight individuals; metabolically unhealthy normal-weight individuals, and those with overweight or and obesity, were at higher risk of heart failure.
An hp-Adaptive Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Hyperbolic Conservation Laws

The development of a parallel hp-adaptive discontinuous Galerkin method for hyperbolic conservation laws is presented in this work. A priori error estimates are derived for a model class of linear hyperbolic conservation laws. These estimates are obtained using a new mesh-dependent norm that reflects the dependence of the approximate solution on the local element size and the local order of approximation. The results generalize and extend previous results on mesh-dependent norms to hp-version discontinuous Galerkin methods. A posteriori error estimates which provide bounds on the actual error are also developed in this work. The a priori and a posteriori estimates play an essential role in the development of an hp-adaptive strategy designed to deliver solutions to a specified error level in an efficient way. A generalization of the three-step hp-adaptive strategy is developed using the error estimates to provide for detection of discontinuities in the solution and local h-adaptivity when appropriate. Numerical experiments verify the a priori estimates and demonstrate the effectiveness of the a posteriori estimates in providing reliable estimates of the actual error in the numerical solution. The numerical examples also illustrate the ability of the hp-adaptive strategy to provide super-linear convergence rates with respect to the number of unknowns in the problem, even for discontinuous solutions. A parallel implementation of the discontinuous Galerkin methods is presented which takes full advantage of the local character of the method and results in nearly optimal speedups on hp-meshes. Extensions of the discontinuous Galerkin methods to nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws are also presented. Numerical results illustrate the effectiveness of the method at delivering high-order accuracy in smooth regions. A local projection, designed to control nonlinear stability, is shown to eliminate oscillations and provide high resolution of discontinuities.
Piezoelectric bimorph mirrors with various number of electrodes for scattered laser beam focusing

The impact of the number and dislocation scheme of electrodes of piezoelectric bimorph mirror on the efficiency of scattered laser beam focusing was researched. The mirrors with the apertures up to 50 mm and the number of electrodes up to 50 were investigated using the proposed algorithm of numerical focusing. The algorithm used the experimentally measured response functions of each mirror.
Teachers' Competentencies in Assessment of Competency-Based Curriculum among Grades 1, 2 and 3 in Langata Sub-County, Kenya

: To ascertain whether the curriculum content provided to learners resulted to acquisition of knowledge and skills, assessment and evaluation activities are imperative. With implementation of the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC), there is little focus on the level of understanding and preparedness of teachers to assess pupils enrolled in primary schools. This article examines teacher competencies for CBC evaluation among learners in primary schools in Lang’ata Sub County, Kenya. The study targeted a population of 15 primary schools located in the region. The target population consisted of teachers. A sample size of 110 CBC teachers was selected as the sample for the study selected using a simple random sampling method. A questionnaire was applied to collect data. Data analysis was performed using quantitative and qualitative methods. The results of the research showed that the majority of teachers were not sufficiently prepared to carry out assessment and evaluation of children in accordance with the new curriculum. Teachers' lack of adequate understanding and application of formative assessment methods prevented students from acquiring competencies and skills according to the CBC curriculum. The document therefore recommends that adequate training be regularly provided to teachers on the various methods of assessing pupils in the classroom. This will ensure the achievement of inclusion goals, which will contribute to the growth and development of students' education
Comparison of Randomization method for RV coefficient and Permutation Method for Hotelling T-Squared

This study compared the permutation method for Hotelling T-squared and the randomization method for RV coefficient in terms of relative efficiency of the test statistic value. The source of data employed was simulation form distributions such as Cauchy distribution and Normal distribution. Also, secondary data was used to evaluate the methods. The findings of this study revealed that the randomization method for RV coefficient performed better than the permutation method for Hotelling T-squared test in terms of relative efficiency of the test statistic value for both Cauchy distribution and Normally distributed data since the standard deviation of the test statistic measure for the randomization test for RV coefficient (Standard deviation=0.22 and 0.16 respectively) is lesser than that of the permutation method for Hotelling T-squared test (standard deviation= 1.09 and 0.39 respectively). This result implies that the variation on the test statistic value for the randomization method for RV coefficient is smaller than that of the permutation method for Hotelling T-squared test; hence the randomization method for RV coefficient was concluded to be the most relatively efficient method between the two methods under observation. The result of applying the permutation method for Hotelling T-squared analysis for measuring the equality in weight of two groups of broiler birds showed that the reference value of the test statistic measure T 2 was 6.04 and a corresponding P-value of 0.00 which falls on the rejection region of the hypothesis assuming a 95% confidence level. Also, result of applying the randomization method for RV coefficient for measuring the equality in weight of two groups of broiler birds gave a test statistic value of 0.99 and a corresponding p-value of 0.00 which fall on the rejection region of the hypothesis assuming a 95% confidence level. This result implies that there exists evidence of statistical significance in the weight of the two groups of broiler birds using the two methods.
Laser irradiance scaling in polar direct drive implosions on the National Ignition Facility

Polar-direct-drive experiments conducted at the National Ignition Facility [E. I. Moses, Fusion Sci. Technol. 54, 361 (2008)] performed at laser irradiance between 1 and 2×1015 W/cm2 exhibit increased hard x-ray emission, decreased neutron yield, and reduced areal density as the irradiance is increased. Experimental x-ray images at the higher irradiances show x-ray emission at the equator, as well as degraded symmetry, that is not predicted in hydrodynamic simulations using flux-limited energy transport, but that appear when non-local electron transport together with a model to account for cross beam energy transfer (CBET) is utilized. The reduction in laser power for equatorial beams required in the simulations to reproduce the effects of CBET on the observed symmetry also reproduces the yield degradation consistent with experimental data.
DDQN: Metrics for measuring stability using the example of replay buffer size and minibatch size

The Reinforcement Learning algorithm Double Deep Q-Network (DDQN) is known to have an unstable training process (Halat and Ebadzadeh, 2021). In order to overcome instability, this paper aims to deepen the understanding of stability and measuring it. Therefore, numerical indicators are proposed to determine convergence and experiment stability. Additionally, the metrics are investigated for Cartpole by adapting the replay buffer size and minibatch size. Experimental results show that the minibatch size has a higher impact on stability. Best stabilities are achieved with the lowest minibatch size of 10. This setup leads to an up to 4.6 % higher stability.
Luminosity-dependent line ratios in disks of spiral galaxies

Le rapport d'intensite des raies d'emission de [NII] λλ 6548+6583 par rapport a [SII]λλ 6717+6731, en moyenne sur un disque spiral (excluant le noyau) croit lorsque la luminosite de la galaxie croit, −14>M B >−23. [SII] est intense dans les disques des spirales de faible luminosite; [NII] est intense dans les disques des spirales de luminosite elevee
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CREATIVITY, ADAPTIVE SELLING, AND SALES PERFORMANCE: THE MODERATING ROLE OF JOB SATISFACTION

Despite the sound number of research work on creativity, a few researchers have paid attention to the mediating role of job satisfaction between creativity, adaptive selling, and sales performance. The present study investigates the direct relationship between the salesperson’s creativity and adaptive selling on their performance. In addition, the study also examines the role of job satisfaction as a moderator between creativity and adaptive selling and between creativity and sales performance of Indian disserves companies. The study is conducted using a sample of 120 respondents including both salesperson and supervisor from diverse industries in India. Results reveal that there is a significant positive relationship between creativity, adaptive selling
Microwave Detection of Umbral Oscillation in NOAA Active Region 8156: Diagnostics of Temperature Minimum in Sunspot

A radio brightness oscillation of 3 minutes at 17 GHz was detected in a compact radio source associated with a sunspot umbra in the NOAA active region 8156. We interpret the radio brightness oscillation by the density and temperature fluctuations due to upward-traveling acoustic waves through the third harmonic gyroresonance layer (2000 G). SOHO/SUMER observed the same active region close to the time of radio observations by the Nobeyama Radioheliograph. Transition region line observations by SUMER showed both velocity and intensity oscillations with the period of 3 minutes, and the oscillation was interpreted as an upward-traveling acoustic wave. We applied the value of the density and temperature fluctuations deduced from the SUMER experiment to the gyroresonance emission in the transition region and found good agreement with the detected radio brightness oscillation. The origin of the 3 minute oscillation is attributed to the resonant excitation of the cutoff frequency mode of the temperature plateau around the temperature minimum without assuming the chromospheric cavity. We can estimate the temperature of the temperature minimum region in the umbra from the measured frequency.
A numerical study of Rayleigh-Taylor instability in magnetic fluids

Mixing by the Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) instability in incompressible magnetic fluids is studied with 2-D and 3-D ideal MHD simulations. Evolution and amplification of magnetic fields in the Rayleigh-Taylor instability are explored in the linear and nonlinear regime for various perturbations. In a single-mode perturbation, both tangential and normal magnetic fields to the density interface decrease the growth of instabilities, while a tangential field is more efficient in stabilizing the flow, as predicted by linear theory. But the growth of a multiple-mode perturbation in the nonlinear regime tends to be enhanced by a normal magnetic field because the flow is collimated along the field lines. A strong tangential field suppresses the growth of short-wavelength modes, as expected from linear theory. 3-D numerical simulations are carried out to study the amplification of magnetic fields in the turbulent mixing layer developed by the instability in the nonlinear regime. We find the following results. (1) The turbulent flow amplifies the magnetic field more efficiently in three-dimensions than in two-dimensions. (2) The peak of the magnetic energy spectrum occurs at high wavenumbers, which means that the field is amplified preferentially on small scales. (3) The peak of the kinetic energy spectrum is at scales significantlymore » longer than the grid scale, is independent of grid resolution, and reflects the characteristic size of the R-T fingers at a given time. (4) Secondary Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities generate vortex rings and ring-structured magnetic fields. However, the stretching of field lines by R-T fingers is the dominant amplification mechanism. (5) The final structures are very sensitive to the initial magnetic field and numerical resolution. (6) The magnetic field component along the gravity vector dominates as the instabilities grow. This dominance is stronger in three dimensions than in two dimensions, but it becomes less dominant as the resolution increases. « less
Inductive Logic and the Ravens Paradox

Hempel's paradox of the ravens arises from the inconsistency of three prima facie plausible principles of confirmation. This paper uses Carnapian inductive logic to (a) identify which of the principles is false, (b) give insight into why this principle is false, and (c) identify a true principle that is sufficiently similar to the false one that failure to distinguish the two might explain why the false principle is prima facie plausible. This solution to the paradox is compared with a variety of other responses and is shown to differ from all of them.
Unsupervised Classification of Chemical Compounds

Clustering chemical compounds of similar structure is important in the pharmaceutical industry. One way of describing the structure is the chemical `fingerprint'. The fingerprint is a string of binary digits, and typical data sets consist of very large numbers of fingerprints; a suitable clustering procedure must take account of the properties of this method of coding, and must be able to handle large data sets. This paper describes the analysis of a set of fingerprint data. The analysis was based on an appropriate distance measure derived from the fingerprints, followed by metric scaling into a low‐dimensional space. An approximation to metric scaling, suitable for very large data sets, was investigated. Cluster analysis using two programs, mclust and AutoClass‐C, was carried out on the scaled data.
Transition Energies and Line Oscillator Strengths of the C 2Π(0)-X 2Π(0–6) Absorption Bands of Nitric Oxide. A Theoretical Study

Theoretical absorption oscillator strengths and wavelengths for rotational transitions of the C 2Π(v′ = 0)-X 2Π(v″) bands with v″ = 0–6 of nitric oxide are reported. The Molecular Quantum Defect Orbital method has been used in the calculations and the known interaction between the C 2Π(v = 0) Rydberg and the B 2Π (v = 7) valence states has been dealt with through an appropriate rovibronic energy matrix. We hope that the reported data may be useful in the analysis of the observed ultraviolet nightglow emission from nitric oxide in the upper atmospheres of Earth, Venus, and Mars.
SU‐FF‐T‐147: Determination of TG43 Parameters for Cs‐131 Model CS‐1R2 Seed Using Radiochromic EBT Film Dosimetry

Purpose: To measure the 2D dose distributions for Cs‐131 seed model CS‐1R2 for distances from 0.06cm to 4cm using radiochromic EBT film dosimetry. TG43 dosimetric parameters were generated. Method and Materials: Each radiochromic film (GAFCHROMIC® EBT lot ♯35076) was in contact with a model CS‐1R2 seed (IsoRay Medical) at the center of a solid water phantom, 30×30×20cm. A multiple film technique was employed. More than 50 films were separately exposed to 10 seeds, with the product of air kerma strength and exposure time between 14 and 800 Uhr. The seed strength ranged from 10 to 4U (NIST traceable) during the experimental runs. For calibration, 15 films (of the same lot) were exposed to 50kV x‐ray (M50) in air at 100cm SSD with doses ranging from 0.2 to 20Gy. Since the EBT film response is almost identical for M50 and M40 x‐rays, the energy response can be considered to be flat in this region and thus also the same for the Cs‐131 energy. All experimental, calibration and background films were scanned (pixel resolution 0.2mm) using a CCD camera‐based densitometer, with red and green light sources. Conversion from net optical density readings to doses were achieved based on the calibration curve established for each light source used in scanning. The 2D dose values in cylindrical coordinates were converted to polar coordinates, and the TG43 parameters were generated. Results: The dose rate constant, radial dose function and 2D anisotropy function were determined, and compared with those reported by other authors. General agreement was found. Conclusion: It is feasible to determine TG43 parameters for Cs‐131 model CS‐1R2 seed in solid water phantom using radiochromic EBT film. This method is superior to TLDdosimetry (1) in providing data with high spatial resolution for distances down to 0.06 cm and (2) within reasonably achievable time frame.
Responses of soccer players performing repeated maximal efforts in simulated conditions of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022: A holistic approach

This study aimed to assess the capacity for repeated maximal effort (RME) of soccer players in the thermo-natural conditions (NC) and in simulated conditions for the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar (QSC). Twenty-four semi-professional soccer players participated in the study. The exercise test consisted of ten 6-second maximal efforts on a cycloergometer. A 90-second passive rest interval was used. The test was performed in a Weiss Technik WK-26 climate test chamber in two different conditions: 1) thermo-neutral conditions (NC—20.5°C; 58.7% humidity); and 2) simulated conditions for the 2022 World Cup in Qatar (QSC—28.5 ± 1.92°C; 58.7 ± 8.64% humidity). Power-related, physiological, psychomotor, blood, and electrolyte variables were recorded. Results showed that (1) players achieved higher peak power (max 1607,46 ± 192,70 [W] - 3rd rep), needed less time to peak power (min 0,95 ± 0,27 [s] - 3rd rep), and had a higher fatigue slope (max 218,67 ± 59,64 [W/sek] - 7th rep) in QSC than in NC (in each repetition of study protocol); (2) between the 1st repetition and subsequent repetitions a number of significants in among physiological, blood-related, and electrolyte variables were noted, but their direction was similar in both simulated conditions (e.g. V’O2/kg 37,59 ± 3,96 vs 37,95 ± 3,17 [ml/min/kg] - 3rd rep, LAC 13,16 ± 2,61 vs 14,18 ± 3,13 [mg/dl] - 10th rep or K 4,54 ± 0,29 vs 4,79 ± 0,36 [mmol/l] - 2nd rep when compare QCS and NC respectively); (3) an 8°C of temperature difference between the climatic conditions did not significantly affect the soccer players’ physical and physiological responses in RME. The study results can be used in the design of training programs aimed to increase players’ physiological adaptations by simulating soccer-specific conditions of play in terms of anaerobic capacity, in particular, repetitive maximal efforts. These findings will be useful during the upcoming 2022 World Cup in Qatar and in locations where high ambient temperatures are customary.
Association of muscle mass measured by D3-Creatine (D3Cr), sarcopenic obesity, and insulin-glucose homeostasis in postmenopausal women

The D3-Creatine (D3Cr) dilution method is a direct and accurate measure of skeletal muscle mass. In this study, we examined the association of D3Cr muscle mass with measures of insulin-glucose homeostasis in community dwelling postmenopausal women. Additionally, we examined association of sarcopenic obesity, defined as low D3Cr muscle mass and high percent body fat, with fasting plasma glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance was measured by the homeostatic measure of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). This pilot study included 74 participants (mean age = 82.3 years) from the Women’s Health Initiative-Buffalo site. The D3Cr method was initiated at a clinic visit and used to measure muscle mass via remote urine sample collection. Descriptive and graphical approaches and age-adjusted linear regression models were used to analyze study data. We examined muscle mass as an absolute value (kg) and scaled to body weight (D3Cr muscle mass/kg). There was an inverse relationship between skeletal muscle mass, and impaired insulin-glucose homeostasis. Women with low muscle mass had higher levels of insulin (uIU/mL; β = -0.40; 95% CI: -0.79, -0.01), fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL; β = -0.1; 95% CI: -0.2, 0.03), HbA1c (%; β = -2.30; 95% CI: -5.7, 1.1), and calculated homeostatic model of insulin resistance, HOMA-IR, (β = -1.49; 95% CI: -2.9, -0.1). Sarcopenic obesity was common in this population of women; 41% of participants were categorized as having low muscle mass and high percent body fat. Results demonstrate that D3Cr muscle mass is independently associated with measures of insulin-glucose homeostasis, but obesity is a stronger predictor of insulin resistance than muscle mass.