Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fractal Network derived from banking transaction

Papers in the Bank of Japan Working Paper Series are circulated in order to stimulate discussion and comments. Views expressed are those of authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Bank. If you have any comment or question on the working paper series, please contact each author. When making a copy or reproduction of the content for commercial purposes, please contact the Public Information Division of the Public Relations Department (webmaster@info.boj.or.jp) at the Bank in advance to request permission. When making a copy or reproduction, the source, Bank of Japan Working Paper Series, should explicitly be credited. 1 Abstract The mechanism of financial transactions provided to society today cannot be determined by a single financial institution, but is determined through a complex structure of mutual cooperation, or a " network " , between several financial institutions. Quantitative analysis of such a " network " structure had not been explored until recently, mainly due to limitations in the data available. This paper analyzes the " network " structure of financial transactions, using the logged data of financial transactions through the BOJ-Net (Current Account of the Bank of Japan), which became obtainable after the introduction of RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement) in 2001. This study uses recently developed methods of statistical physics. This field of study provides an analytical framework that treats the complex structure of financial institutions as a structure of elements, or " nodes, " that are connected to one another, through " links. " Our study shows that the " network " of financial transactions between financial institutions possess fractal structure, similar to that observed in network structures in the natural world (such as river basins) or the structure of the Internet. We also find that financial institutions situated in the middle of the network structure hold more links than those institutions on the periphery of the network, implying that the formed structure is a result of the pursuance of " efficiency " rather than " stability. " We should pay enough attention to the dynamic nature of the network structure in order to evaluate its stability, since the network structure of financial transactions is not static in nature(the network is not based upon hardware like cables, as in the case of the Internet). Thus, there is a need to confirm the stability of the network structure over time. In this respect, further analysis of " dynamic …
Model and feature selection in microarray classification

Microarray classification has a broad variety of biomedical applications. Support vector machines (SVMs) have emerged as a powerful and popular classifier for microarray data. At the same time, there is increasing interest in the development of methods for identifying important features in microarray data. Many of these methods use SVM classifiers either directly in the search for good features or indirectly as a measure of dissociating classes of microarray samples. The present study describes empirical results in model selection for SVM classification of DNA microarray data. We demonstrate that classifier performance is very sensitive to the SVM's kernel and model parameters. We also demonstrate that the optimal model parameters depend on the cardinality of feature subsets and can influence the evolution of a genetic search for good feature subsets. The results suggest that application of SVM classifiers to microarray data should include careful consideration of the space of possible SVM parameters. The results also suggest that feature selection search and model selection should be conducted jointly rather than independently.
Group sparse optimization by alternating direction method

This paper proposes efficient algorithms for group sparse optimization with mixed l2,1-regularization, which arises from the reconstruction of group sparse signals in compressive sensing, and the group Lasso problem in statistics and machine learning. It is known that encoding the group information in addition to sparsity can often lead to better signal recovery/feature selection. The l2,1-regularization promotes group sparsity, but the resulting problem, due to the mixed-norm structure and possible grouping irregularity, is considered more difficult to solve than the conventional l1-regularized problem. Our approach is based on a variable splitting strategy and the classic alternating direction method (ADM). Two algorithms are presented, one derived from the primal and the other from the dual of the l2,1-regularized problem. The convergence of the proposed algorithms is guaranteed by the existing ADM theory. General group configurations such as overlapping groups and incomplete covers can be easily handled by our approach. Computational results show that on random problems the proposed ADM algorithms exhibit good efficiency, and strong stability and robustness.
The Kung San Men Women And Work In A Foraging Society

Thank you for downloading the kung san men women and work in a foraging society. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their chosen readings like this the kung san men women and work in a foraging society, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their computer.
Calculation of the current response of the spatially modulated light CMOS detector

We present an analytical model that allows to calculate the current response of a spatially modulated light CMOS detector (SML-detector) and compare this response with the response of a traditional CMOS photodetector. It is shown that the SML detector already yields a three orders of magnitude faster response time than a traditional CMOS detector in a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. This response time will further decrease as CMOS technology evolves. This analytical expression is compared with a numerical solution of the diffusion equation and with experimental results. Both show an excellent correspondence. Therefore we can conclude that the SML-detector is the solution of choice for cheap, CMOS-compatible receivers in integrated opto-electronic systems.
Illiquidity and Derivative Valuation

In illiquid markets, option traders may have an incentive to increase their portfolio value by using their impact on the dynamics of the underlying. We provide a mathematical framework within which to value derivatives under market impact in a multi-player framework by introducing strategic interactions into the Almgren & Chriss (2001) model. Specifically, we consider a financial market model with several strategically interacting players that hold European contingent claims and whose trading decisions have an impact on the price evolution of the underlying. We establish existence and uniqueness of equilibrium results and show that the equilibrium dynamics can be characterized in terms of a coupled system of possibly non-linear PDEs. For the linear cost function used in Almgren & Chriss (2001), we obtain (semi) closed form solutions for risk neutral or CARA investors. Finally, we indicate how spread crossing costs discourage market manipulation.
Comparison Between Balloon-Assisted and Stent-Assisted Technique for Treatment of Unruptured Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms

Purpose To compare clinical and angiographic outcomes between balloon-assisted (BAC) and stent-assisted coiling for internal carotid artery unruptured aneurysms (ICA-UA). Materials and Methods A total of 227 ICA-UA in 190 patients were treated with BAC (120 patients, 141 ICA-UA) or SAC (70 patients, 86 ICA-UA. We compared characteristics of patients and ICA-UA, and clinical and angiographic outcomes between groups. Results Aneurysm size and neck diameter were greater for SAC than in BAC, but aneurysm volume and coil packing density were not different between groups. Immediate angiographic occlusion grade was better for BAC than for SAC. Periprocedural thromboembolic events were more frequent during SAC (11.6%) than BAC (2.4%) per aneurysm, but hemorrhagic events were the opposite (2.4% for BAC and none for SAC per aneurysm) (p < 0.05). At discharge, treatment-related morbi-mortality rates were 1.6% for BAC and 1.4% per patient for SAC. At clinical follow-up (BAC, 118 patients [98.3%] for a mean of 48.4 months; SAC, 69 patients [98.6%], for a mean of 37.4 months), 1 additional treatment-related infarction occurred during SAC, resulting in a modified Rankin scale score of 4. Thus, overall treatment-related morbi-mortality rates were 1.7% in BAC and 2.9% in SAC. At imaging follow-up (BAC, 135 aneurysms [95.7%] for 28.3 months; SAC, 81 aneurysms [94.1%] for 23.9 months), BAC and SAC showed stable or improved occlusion in 94.1% and 95.0%, minor recurrence in 4.4% and 2.5%, and major recurrence in 1.5% and 2.5%, respectively. Conclusion Both BAC and SAC were safe and effective techniques for ICA-UA. There were no differences in morbi-mortality and recurrence rates between groups.
Morphogenesis of epistemic networks: a case study

Agents producing and exchanging knowledge are forming as a whole a socio-semantic complex system. We argue that several signiﬁcant aspects of the structure of a knowledge community are primarily produced by the co-evolution between agents and concepts, i.e. the evolution of an epistemic network. Focus- ing on a particular community of scientists working on a well-deﬁned topic, we micro-found various stylized facts regarding its structure by exhibiting processes at the level of agents accounting for the emergence of epistemic community struc- ture. After assessing the empirical interaction and growth processes, and assum- ing that agents and concepts are co-evolving, we successfully propose a morpho- genesis model rebuilding relevant high-level stylized facts.
THD Optimization in 13 level photovoltaic inverter using Genetic Algorithm

Minimum Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is one of the most important requirements from multilevel inverter concerning good Power Quality. This paper presents the optimization of THD in 13 level Cascaded Multilevel Inverter with unequal dc source using Genetic Algorithm (GA). THD minimization is taken as an optimization problem derived from Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulse width Modulation (SHE-PWM). Results give all possible solutions at each modulation index. Switching strategy, FFT analysis and computational time has been analyzed using MATLAB simulation environment.
SPEARCONS: SPEECH-BASED EARCONS IMPROVE NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE IN AUDITORY MENUS

With shrinking displays and increasing technology use by visually impaired users, it is important to improve usability with non-GUI interfaces such as menus. Using non-speech sounds called earcons or auditory icons has been proposed to enhance menu navigation. We compared search time and accuracy of menu navigation using four types of auditory representations: speech only; hierarchical earcons; auditory icons; and a new type called spearcons. Spearcons are created by speeding up a spoken phrase until it is not recognized as speech. Using a within-subjects design, participants searched a 5 x 5 menu for target items using each type of audio cue. Spearcons and speech-only both led to faster and more accurate menu navigation than auditory icons and hierarchical earcons. There was a significant practice effect for search time, within each type of auditory cue. These results suggest that spearcons are more effective than previous auditory cues in menu-based interfaces, and may lead to better performance and accuracy, as well as more flexible menu structures.
An Evolutionary Algorithm for Constrained Optimization

In this paper we present an evolutionary algorithm for constrained optimization. The algorithm is based on nondominance of solutions separately in the objective and constraint space and uses effective mating strategies to improve solutions that are weak in either. Since the methodology is based on nondominance, scaling and aggregation affecting conventional penalty function methods for constraint handling does not arise. The algorithm incorporates intelligent partner selection for cooperative mating. The diversification strategy is based on niching that result in a wide spread of solutions in the parametric space. Preliminary results of the algorithm for constrained single and multiobjective test problems are presented and compared to illustrate the efficiency of the algorithm in solving constrained optimization problems.
MoMo: a group mobility model for future generation mobile wireless networks

Existing group mobility models were not designed to meet the requirements for accurate simulation of current and future short distance wireless networks scenarios, that need, in particular, accurate, up-to-date informa- tion on the position of each node in the network, combined with a simple and flexible approach to group mobility modeling. A new model for group mobility in wireless networks, named MoMo, is proposed in this paper, based on the combination of a memory-based individual mobility model with a flexible group behavior model. MoMo is capable of accurately describing all mobility scenarios, from individual mobility, in which nodes move inde- pendently one from the other, to tight group mobility, where mobility patterns of different nodes are strictly correlated. A new set of intrinsic properties for a mobility model is proposed and adopted in the analysis and comparison of MoMo with existing models. Next, MoMo is compared with existing group mobility models in a typical 5G network scenario, in which a set of mobile nodes cooperate in the realization of a distributed MIMO link. Results show that MoMo leads to accurate, robust and flexible modeling of mobility of groups of nodes in discrete event simulators, making it suitable for the performance evaluation of networking protocols and resource allocation algorithms in the wide range of network scenarios expected to characterize 5G networks.
Using Multiple Node Types to Improve the Performance of DMP

This paper discusses a method for training multi-layer perceptron networks called DMP2 (Dynamic Multi-layer Perceptron 2). The method is based upon a divide and conquer approach which builds networks in the form of binary trees, dynamically allocating nodes and layers as needed. The focus of this paper is on the effects of using multiple node types within the DMP framework. Simulation results show that DMP2 performs favorably in comparison with other learning algorithms, and that using multiple node types can be beneficial to network performance.
Static structural dependency analysis for parallelization of Java programs

Parallel computing deals with simultaneous computation of problems to speed up the total time required for serial computation. Many problems involving huge number of computations can be sub divided into smaller ones each performing some computation. However to obtain smaller fragments of computation requires dependency analysis among the sub-parts. Manually analyzing each computation for dependencies is a difficult task for developer. In this paper, we are proposing graph based dependency analysis approach for parallelizing java programs. A program consists of sequence of statements, dependency analysis is done to check the ordering of statements in a program and also to identify various programming constructs which are dependent on each other. High level language program can be analyzed on the basis of data flow between variables and communication among functions. This study provides a method to parallelize input java code based on automated generation of dependence graph. Dependence graph depicts the connectivity between the programming constructs i.e variables and functions. When these dependencies are resolved then it is possible to split program into independent modules which can be executed in parallel with each other for achieving high performance.
Element abundances in the metal-rich open cluster NGC 6253

Context. We have carried out a big FLAMES survey of 10 Galactic open clusters aiming at different goals. One of them is the determination of chemical abundances, to put constraints on the radial metallicity gradient in the disk and its evolution. One of the sample clusters is the very metal-rich NGC 6253. Aims. We have obtained UVES high resolution spectra of seven candidate cluster members (from the turn off up to the red clump) with the goal of determining the chemical composition of NGC 6253 and of investigating its origin and role in the interpretation of the radial metallicity gradient in the disk. Methods. Equivalent width analysis and spectral synthesis were performed using MOOG and Kurucz model atmospheres. Results. We derived abundances of Fe, α -, and Fe-peak elements, the light element Na, and the s-process element Ba. Excluding two likely non-members and the clump giant, whose metallicity from equivalent widths is overestimated, we find an average [Fe/H] = +0.36 ± 0.07 (rms) for the cluster. For most of the other elements we derive solar abundance ratios.
Segmenting unrestricted Chinese text into prosodic words instead of lexical words

This paper stresses the importance of converting a string of lexical words to that of prosodic words in text-to-speech (TTS) systems by presenting the surface differences and perceptual differences between them. A statistical rule based method and a classification and regression tree (CART) based method are proposed as solutions. Though ComplicatedSet based CART method performs the best, the achievement is obtained at the cost of heavy computation workloads needed by a parser. Statistical rule based method results in higher recall but lower precision, comparing to SimpleSet CART method. It is very difficult to tell which is better, since we don't know which affects naturalness more, precision or recall. Both of them require only lexicon word segmentation and part of speech (POS) tagging in the preprocessing stage, and are easily realized in TTS systems. Results of the preference test discloses that significant improvements on naturalness are perceived when lexical word strings are converted into prosodic word strings by our approach.
The Total Cost of Corporate Borrowing in the Loan Market: Don't Ignore the Fees

More than 80% of US syndicated loans contain at least one fee type and contracts typically specify a menu of spread and different types of fees. We test the predictions of existing theories about the main purposes of fees and provide supporting evidence that: (1) fees are used to price options embedded in loan contracts such as the draw-down option for credit lines and the cancellation option in term loans; and (2) fees are used to screen borrowers about the likelihood of exercising these options. We also propose a new total-cost-of-borrowing measure that includes various fees charged by lenders.
Generating Test Cases from UML Activity Diagram Based on Business Flow Constraints

Test case generation is the most important part of software testing. More than 50 percent of the cost and time are spent on testing the software development. Currently, researchers have used the UML activity for test case generation. However, finding a test case set from an activity diagram is a terrible task. Because the presence of loop and concurrent activities in the activity diagram result in path explosion and practically, it is not feasible to consider all execution paths for testing. In this paper, we proposed a novel approach to generate test cases using a modified DFS with tester specification to avoid the path explosion. Tester specifications follow the business flow constraints. In order to evaluate the quality of test cases, activity coverage, transition coverage, and key path coverage are measured. The proposed approach shows that the result paths of an activity diagram cover both true and false values of loop condition and helps to avoid generating all possible concurrent activity paths as it only returns one representative path.
Optimizing hash partitioning for solid state drives

The use of flashSSDs has increased rapidly in a wide range of areas due to their superior energy efficiency, shorter access time, and higher bandwidth when compared to HDDs. The internal parallelism created by multiple flash memory packages embedded in a flashSSDs, is one of the unique features of flashSSDs. Many new DBMS technologies have been developed for flashSSDs, but query processing for flashSSDs have drawn less attention than other DBMS technologies. Hash partitioning is popularly used in query processing algorithms to materialize their intermediate results in an efficient manner. In this paper, we propose a novel hash partitioning algorithm that exploits the internal parallelism of flashSSDs. The devised hash partitioning method outperforms the traditional hash partitioning technique regardless of the amount of available main memory independently from the buffer management strategies (blocked I/O vs page sized I/O). We implemented our method based on the source code of the PostgreSQL storage manager. PostgreSQL relation files created by the TPC-H workload were employed in the experiments. Our method was found to be up to 3.55 times faster than the traditional method with blocked I/O, and 2.36 times faster than the traditional method with pagesized I/O.
How to interpret reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/vital capacity ratio with normal FEV1

The aim of the present study was to determine whether the combination of low forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/vital capacity (VC) ratio with normal FEV1 represents a physiological variant or a sign of early airflow obstruction. We studied 40 subjects presenting with low FEV1/VC, but FEV1 within the range of normality predicted by European Respiratory Society reference equations, and 10 healthy controls. All subjects completed two questionnaires and underwent comprehensive pulmonary function testing, which included methacholine challenge and single-breath nitrogen wash-out. According to the questionnaires, the subjects were assigned to three groups, i.e. rhinitis (n = 8), bronchial asthma (n = 13) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; n = 12). Subjects with negative responses to questionnaires were assigned to an asymptomatic group (n = 7). Airway hyperresponsiveness was found in four subjects of the rhinitis group, all of the asthma group, and 10 of the COPD group; in the last two groups, it was associated with signs of increased airway closure and gas trapping. Bronchodilator response to salbutamol was positive in only a few individuals across groups. In the asymptomatic group, no significant functional changes were observed, possibly suggesting dysanaptic lung growth. In subjects with low FEV1/VC and normal FEV1, questionnaires on respiratory symptoms together with additional pulmonary function tests may help to clarify the nature of this pattern of lung function.