Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pancan-MNVQTLdb: systematic identification of multi-nucleotide variant quantitative trait loci in 33 cancer types

Abstract Multi-nucleotide variants (MNVs) are defined as clusters of two or more nearby variants existing on the same haplotype in an individual. Recent studies have identified millions of MNVs in human populations, but their functions remain largely unknown. Numerous studies have demonstrated that single-nucleotide variants could serve as quantitative trait loci (QTLs) by affecting molecular phenotypes. Therefore, we propose that MNVs can also affect molecular phenotypes by influencing regulatory elements. Using the genotype data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we first identified 223 759 unique MNVs in 33 cancer types. Then, to decipher the functions of these MNVs, we investigated the associations between MNVs and six molecular phenotypes, including coding gene expression, miRNA expression, lncRNA expression, alternative splicing, DNA methylation and alternative polyadenylation. As a result, we identified 1 397 821 cis-MNVQTLs and 402 381 trans-MNVQTLs. We further performed survival analysis and identified 46 173 MNVQTLs associated with patient overall survival. We also linked the MNVQTLs to genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data and identified 119 762 MNVQTLs that overlap with existing GWAS loci. Finally, we developed Pancan-MNVQTLdb (http://gong_lab.hzau.edu.cn/mnvQTLdb/) for data retrieval and download. Pancan-MNVQTLdb will help decipher the functions of MNVs in different cancer types and be an important resource for genetic and cancer research.
Precipitation Flux Climatology of the Free Atmosphere

Abstract The diabatic heating of the atmosphere can be very closely represented by the convergence of a vertical energy flux. It consists of two components: the flux of net radiation and the flux of precipitation. The latter comprises the vertical flux of water in condensed form (rain, snow, ice). The concept of precipitation flux is investigated employing the zonal mean equation of potential heat. Input data are radiation flux from a model, adjusted at the top and bottom of the atmosphere with observed data; horizontal advective heat flux convergence and heat storage with the data of the MIT Library; and vertical sub-synoptic eddy flux of sensible heat (a small quantity) from a parameterization. Output is the precipitation flux in the free atmosphere. Time scale is 1 month, space domain is the zonal mean Northern Hemisphere. The precipitation flux is downward everywhere. It is maximum in the tropics. Comparison of the flux across the 1000 mb level with the observed surface precipitation shows satisfactor.
An efficient iterated local search algorithm for the total tardiness blocking flow shop problem

This paper deals with the blocking flow shop problem and proposes an Iterated Local Search (ILS) procedure combined with a variable neighbourhood search (VNS) for the total tardiness minimisation. The proposed ILS makes use of a NEH-based procedure to generate the initial solution, and uses a local search to intensify the exploration that combines the insertion and swap neighbourhood and uses a perturbation mechanism consisting of three neighbourhood operators to diversify the search. The computational evaluation has shown the effectiveness of combining the insertion and swap neighbourhood during the search despite the insertion neighbourhood being more effective than the swap neighbourhood for this problem. Finally, the computation of this algorithm when evaluated against two other algorithms from the literature shows good performance.
Implications of the millisecond pulsar for neutron star models

We examine the constraints imposed by the high spin rate of PSR 1937+214 on the masses and radii of nonrotating neutron stars that can be spun up to such a short period. Assuming uniform rotation, we find that none of the current viable nuclear equations of state can be ruled out. However, the discovery of a single pulsar with period < or approx. =0.5 ms would rule out all current equations of state. Assuming that PSR 1937+214 was spun up uniformly from a nonrotating progenitor requires that the maximum mass of a nonrotating star in general relativity cannot exceed 12.5 M/sub sun/, independent of any knowledge of the equation of state. This limit decreases linearly with the shortest known period of a pulsar.
Epidemiological Characteristics and Factors Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment among the Elderly in Urban and Rural Areas of Hubei Province

Utilize the prevalence, associated factors and population distribution of AD and MCI among residents of the Hubei province aged 60 years or over to prove that elderly people who study and communicate with others, take part in regular physical exercise and choose a healthy lifestyle, will prevent or slow the decline in cognitive ability. If elderly people study and communicate with others, take part in regular physical exercise and choose a healthy lifestyle, can prevent or slow the decline in cognitive ability. A cross-sectional study was used for the recruitment of subjects. The screened patients with AD and MCI were then selected as patients in a case–control study. A total of 4314 subjects were recruited into the study. The prevalence of AD and MCI was 1.44% and 10.04%, respectively. The prevalence of AD and MCI differed significantly as a function of age and gender (p < 0.05). The preventative factors for AD and MCI, separately, included a happy marriage (OR = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.36–1.35) and higher education (OR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.55–0.78). The risk factors for AD and MCI, separately, included infrequent participation in social activities (OR = 1.00, 95%CI: 0.60–1.66) and infrequent communication with children (OR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.09–1.69). The prevalence of AD for people aged 60 or over in the Hubei province was lower than the national average of 3.06%. The prevalence of MCI was within the national range (5.2–23.4%). The influencing factors of AD and MCI were associated with the participants’ social connections, lifestyle behaviors, somatic diseases and so on. The elderly people who study and communicate with others, take part in regular physical exercise and choose a healthy lifestyle will prevent or slow the decline in cognitive ability. The conclusion section has been replaced.
Three-dimensional object recognition via integral imaging and scale invariant feature transform

We propose a three-dimensional (3D) object recognition approach via computational integral imaging and scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) that can be invariance to object changes in illumination, scale, rotation and affine. Usually, the matching between features extracted in reference object and that in computationally reconstructed image should be done for 3D object recognition. However, this process needs to alternately illustrate all of the depth images first which will affect the recognition efficiency. Considering that there are a set of elemental images with different viewpoint in integral imaging, we first recognize the object in 2D image by using five elemental images and then choose one elemental image with the most matching points from the five images. This selected image will include more information related to the reference object. Finally, we can use this selected elemental image and its neighboring elemental images which should also contain much reference object information to calculate the disparity with SIFT algorithm. Consequently, the depth of the 3D object can be achieved with stereo camera theory and the recognized 3D object can be reconstructed in computational integral imaging. This method sufficiently utilizes the different information provided by elemental images and the robust feature extraction SIFT algorithm to recognize 3D objects.
Synthesis of New Triazole-Based Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives as Anti-Alzheimer’s Disease Candidates: Evidence-Based In Vitro Study

Triazole-based thiosemicarbazone derivatives (6a–u) were synthesized then characterized by spectroscopic techniques, such as 1HNMR and 13CNMR and HRMS (ESI). Newly synthesized derivatives were screened in vitro for inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes. All derivatives (except 6c and 6d, which were found to be completely inactive) demonstrated moderate to good inhibitory effects ranging from 0.10 ± 0.050 to 12.20 ± 0.30 µM (for AChE) and 0.20 ± 0.10 to 14.10 ± 0.40 µM (for BuChE). The analogue 6i (IC50 = 0.10 ± 0.050 for AChE and IC50 = 0.20 ± 0.050 µM for BuChE), which had di-substitutions (2-nitro, 3-hydroxy groups) at ring B and tri-substitutions (2-nitro, 4,5-dichloro groups) at ring C, and analogue 6b (IC50 = 0.20 ± 0.10 µM for AChE and IC50 = 0.30 ± 0.10 µM for BuChE), which had di-Cl at 4,5, -NO2 groups at 2-position of phenyl ring B and hydroxy group at ortho-position of phenyl ring C, emerged as the most potent inhibitors of both targeted enzymes (AChE and BuChE) among the current series. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) was developed based on nature, position, number, electron donating/withdrawing effects of substitution/s on phenyl rings. Molecular docking studies were used to describe binding interactions of the most active inhibitors with active sites of AChE and BuChE.
The ACC safety research and application based on system theory process analysis

With the development of autonomous driving technology, more and more attention is paid to the safety of autonomous driving system, such as functional safety, safety of intended functionality and cyber security. Among them, the safety of intended functionality refers to the safety problems caused by the insufficient function of automatic driving system and the harm caused by the misuse of personnel. System theory Analysis method (System Theoretic Process Analysis, STPA) is a kind of analysis method which treat the whole system as one object. In this paper, STPA analysis method is applied to adaptive cruise control (ACC) system, the control schematic of ACC system is constructed, the unsafe control behavior of the system is analyzed, and the system constraints and typical test scenarios are obtained. Taking the front vehicle cutting in scenario as an example, through using autonomous robots and navigable target vehicle, the obstacle avoidance ability of the driver for the front vehicle cutting in scenario with different speeds at 120km/h is tested. When the preceding vehicle cutting in speed is 60km/h, the collision can be avoided whereas the cutting distance is 31.8m or above. When the preceding vehicle cuts in at the speed of 80km/h, the collision can be avoided whereas the cutting distance is 16.7m or above. This index can be used as the requirements for ACC system in the cut-in scenario. In this paper, the ACC system is analyzed in detail for the safety of intended functionality and relevant requirements are given. The whole method and steps are also applicable to other automatic driving systems.
Prediction of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosis Using Brief, Low-Cost Clinical Measures: A Competitive Model Evaluation

Proper diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is costly, requiring in-depth evaluation via interview, multi-informant and observational assessment, and scrutiny of possible other conditions. The increasing availability of data may allow the development of machine-learning algorithms capable of accurate diagnostic predictions using low-cost measures to supplement human decision-making. We report on the performance of multiple classification methods used to predict a clinician-consensus ADHD diagnosis. Methods ranged from fairly simple (e.g., logistic regression) to more complex (e.g., random forest) but emphasized a multistage Bayesian approach. Classifiers were evaluated in two large (N > 1,000) independent cohorts. The multistage Bayesian classifier provided an intuitive approach consistent with clinical workflows and was able to predict expert consensus ADHD diagnosis with high accuracy (> 86%)—though not significantly better than other methods. Results suggest that parent and teacher surveys are sufficient for high-confidence classifications in the vast majority of cases, but an important minority require additional evaluation for accurate diagnosis.
A method for 3D measurement and reconstruction for active vision

In this paper, we present a new method for 3D measurement and reconstruction for an active vision system. The vision system consists of a light pattern projector and a camera. With initial calibration of the other components in the system, the camera is allowed to change its internal and external parameters during a measurement task. This gives the system the ability to adapt to its environment or task. With this method, the image-to-world transformation is recovered on-line. The 3D scene can then be reconstructed via this transformation. Compared with other existing methods, our approach has the following features: (1) the CCD camera is allowed to undergo an unconstrained motion or change in focus or any of its parameters. In fact, no prior knowledge of the camera parameters is needed by our approach; (2) the computation cost is lower than the traditional method; (3) the method is linear in computation as only a set of linear equations needs to be solved. As a result, the inherent problems existing in nonlinear system, such as divergence or local convergence, are overcome. Simulation and real experiments have been conducted using our active vision system. Our method proves to be valid and the measurement and reconstruction results turn out to be satisfactory.
Hyperacute Perfusion Imaging Before Pediatric Thrombectomy

Background and Objectives Perfusion imaging can identify adult patients with salvageable brain tissue who would benefit from thrombectomy in later time windows. The feasibility of obtaining hyperacute perfusion sequences in pediatric stroke is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether contrast perfusion imaging delayed time to treatment and to assess perfusion profiles in children with large vessel occlusion stroke. Methods The Save ChildS retrospective cohort study (January 2000–December 2018) enrolled children (1 month–18 years) with stroke who underwent thrombectomy from 27 European and U.S. stroke centers. This secondary analysis included patients with anterior circulation occlusion and available imaging for direct review by the neuroimaging core laboratory. Between-group comparisons were performed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum exact test for continuous variables or Fisher exact test for binary variables. Given the small number of patients, evaluation of perfusion imaging parameters was performed descriptively only. Results Of 33 patients with available neuroimaging, 15 (45.4%) underwent perfusion (CT perfusion n = 6; MR perfusion n = 9); all were technically adequate. The median time from onset to recanalization did not differ between groups {4 hours (interquartile range [IQR] 4–7.5) perfusion+; 3.4 hours (IQR 2.5–6.5) perfusion-, p = 0.158}. Target mismatch criteria were met by 10/15 (66.7%) patients and did not correlate with reperfusion status or functional outcome. The hypoperfusion intensity ratio (HIR) was favorable in 11/15 patients and correlated with older age but not NIHSS, time to recanalization, or stroke etiology. Favorable HIR was associated with better functional outcome at 6 months (Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure 1.0 [IQR 0.5–2.0] vs 2.0 [1.5–3.0], p = 0.026) and modified Rankin Scale 1.0 [0–1] vs 2.0 [1.5–3.5], p = 0.048) in this small sample. Discussion Automated perfusion imaging is feasible to obtain acutely in children and does not delay time to recanalization. Larger prospective studies are needed to determine biomarkers of favorable outcome in pediatric ischemic stroke and to establish core and penumbral thresholds in children.
The distribution of flares, statistics of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence and coronal heating

In this paper theoretical evidence in favor of the hypothesis that coronal dissipation occurs in bursts at very small spatial scales is presented. Each individual burst, though unobservable and energetically insignificant, is thought to represent the building block of coronal activity. In this framework, a large number of coherently triggered bursts is what appears as one of the many observed solar atmospheric events (i.e., blinkers, heating events, explosive events, flashes, microflares, flares,…). Histograms of such events, when computed, in terms of total energy, duration and peak luminosity appear to display power-law behavior. Simulations of the energy dissipation in the simplest possible forced magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) system, admitting reconnection events, indeed displays such kind of behavior: dissipative events of varying intensity, size and duration may be defined, whose distributions follow power laws. The meaning of cellular automaton models, introduced to describe the power-law statistics of.
Study on Precipitation Kinetics of Calcium Pyro-Vanadate and Thermodynamics of Vanadium Water System

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is a technology widely used in large coal-fired units to remove nitrogen oxides from flue gas, but it also generates a large number of waste catalysts every year. At present, the recovery of V from discarded SCR catalysts has good application prospects and environmental significance. In this paper, the kinetics and thermodynamics of vanadium precipitation process are described with the vanadium-containing liquid of waste denitration catalyst recovered by alkali leaching as raw material and CaCl2 as precipitant in order to further explore the mechanism of vanadium precipitation. The kinetics study showed that the crystallization process of calcium pyrovanadate can be well-described by Avrami kinetic model when the precipitation time is 95–130 min, and the vanadium precipitation temperature is 60–80 °C. After that, the Arrhenius equation was used to analyze the fitted kinetic data, and the apparent activation energy Ea of vanadium precipitation reaction was calculated to be 98.196 kJ/mol, and the pre exponential factor A = 8.59 × 1039 min−1. Thermodynamic study showed that when the pH of the vanadium water system is low, the +5 valence vanadium in the solution mainly exists in the form of VO2+ cation. When the pH is between 0–1, the solubility of vanadium reaches the minimum and then increases the solution pH again, and various polymerized anions are formed in the vanadium water system. When the temperature is 25 °C, the activity of vanadium in vanadium-containing solution is 10−1, the pH of solution is 8–12, and the existence form of +5 valence vanadium in solution is mainly HV2O73−. By analyzing the existing forms of V with different activities in a vanadium water system at 25 °C, it can be seen that with the decrease of V activity in liquid, the dominant region of polymerized vanadium-containing species in the potential pH diagram will disappear, indicating that vanadium mainly exists in the form of mononuclear ions in low-concentration vanadium-containing solutions, which is not conducive to precipitation. Therefore, in the process of precipitation of vanadium in solution, the concentration of V should be increased as much as possible.
Forward masking as a function of frequency

The time course of forward masking of a sinusoidal probe by a sinusoidal masker of the same frequency was determined at 125, 250, 1000, and 4000 Hz. A 20‐ms probe was presented at Δts of 5, 10, 20, or 40 ms after the offset of the 250‐ms masker. Four levels of the masker were used at each frequency. Masked thresholds in dB SPL are linearly related to log Δt in all cases. The slopes of the functions for 125 and 250 Hz are shallower than those for the higher frequencies. The difference in slope between the 250‐Hz function and those for 1000 and 4000 Hz is greatly reduced when the data are replotted in terms of amount of masking rather than masked threshold. The slope of the function for 125 Hz is markedly shallower than those for the higher frequencies in either coordinate system. [Work supported by NIH. ]
Adaptive tangent distance classifier on recognition of handwritten digits

Simard et al. [16 17] proposed a transformation distance called “tangent distance” (TD) which can make pattern recognition be efficient. The key idea is to construct a distance measure which is invariant with respect to some chosen transformations. In this research, we provide a method using adaptive TD based on an idea inspired by “discriminant adaptive nearest neighbor” [7]. This method is relatively easy compared with many other complicated ones. A real handwritten recognition data set is used to illustrate our new method. Our results demonstrate that the proposed method gives lower classification error rates than those by standard implementation of neural networks and support vector machines and is as good as several other complicated approaches.
Study on ethanol electro-oxidation over a carbon-supported Pt–Cu alloy catalyst by pinhole on-line electrochemical mass spectrometry

A carbon supported Pt–Cu electrocatalyst was synthesized by the microwave-polyol method following acid-treatment and physically characterized by different techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both potentiodynamic and potentiostatic measurements with pinhole on-line electrochemical mass spectrometry were carried out to study the electrocatalytic activity and reaction intermediates of Pt/C and Pt–Cu/C electrocatalysts during the ethanol oxidation reaction. The results of potentiodynamic and potentiostatic measurements showed that the Pt–Cu/C electrocatalyst has higher ethanol oxidation efficiency and incomplete ethanol oxidation to acetaldehyde and acetic acid prevails under the given conditions. After calibration of the m/z = 44 mass signal, the CO2 current efficiencies on Pt/C and PtCu-3/C were ∼7% and ∼12%, respectively, which reveal that the presence of copper enhances the complete ethanol oxidation to CO2.
Discrete-Delay-Independent and Discrete-Delay-Dependent Criteria for a Class of Neutral Systems

In this paper, the asymptotic stability for a class of neutral systems with discrete and distributed multiple time delays is considered. Discrete-delay-independent and discrete-delay-dependent criteria are proposed to guarantee stability for such systems. The resulting stability Criteria are written in the form of spectral radius and linear matrix inequality (LMI). Some numerical examples are given to illustrate that our obtained results are less conservative.
Channel Characteristics for Diffusive Molecular Communications in a Spherical Shell

Diffusive molecular communication (DMC) is a bio-mimicking communications paradigm that exploits the Brownian motion of dedicated information carrying molecules for signal transmission. The characteristics of the communication channel in a DMC system heavily depends on the transmitter and receiver mechanisms, on the medium of propagation and its boundaries, and on the way they interact with the molecules. In this work, we investigate the DMC channel in a spherical shell, with inner and outer surfaces which may be partially or perfectly absorptive, or reflective, where either of the boundary surfaces can be considered as the DMC receiver. These geometry and boundary conditions can be used to model a variety of practically relevant scenarios, which are investigated in detail. We derive the general parametric solution of the partial differential equation for this case and provide, for the first time in the literature, expressions for the resulting channel response. We verify the results of our analysis numerically via particle based simulations.