Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Educational Attainment and Income on Long-Term Care for Persons with Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias: A Swedish Nationwide Study

Background: Long-term care improves independence and quality of life of persons with dementia (PWD). The influence of socioeconomic status on access to long-term care was understudied. Objective: To explore the socioeconomic disparity in long-term care for PWD. Methods: This registry-based study included 14,786 PWD, registered in the Swedish registry for cognitive and dementia disorders (2014–2016). Education and income, two traditional socioeconomic indicators, were the main exposure. Outcomes were any kind of long-term care, specific types of long-term care (home care, institutional care), and the monthly average hours of home care. The association between outcomes and socioeconomic status was examined with zero-inflated negative binomial regression and binary logistic regression. Results: PWD with compulsory education had lower likelihood of receiving any kind of long-term care (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68–0.93), or home care (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70–0.97), compared to individuals with university degrees. Their monthly average hours of home care were 0.70 times (95% CI 0.59–0.82) lower than those of persons with university degrees. There was no significant association between education and the receipt of institutional care. Stratifying on persons with Alzheimer’s disease showed significant association between lower education and any kind of long-term care, and between income and the hours of home care. Conclusions: Socioeconomic inequalities in long-term care existed in this study population. Lower-educated PWD were less likely to acquire general long-term care, home care and had lower hours of home care, compared to their higher-educated counterparts. Income was not significantly associated with the receipt of long-term care.
LIGA20, a lyso derivative of ganglioside GM1, given orally after cortical thrombosis reduces infarct size and associated cognition deficit.

A bilateral photochemically induced thrombotic lesion of rat sensorimotor cortex (approximately 3 mm in diameter and 25 mm3 in volume) is associated with a persistent cognition (learning and memory) deficit, which was evaluated with water maze tasks. The N-dichloroacetylsphingosine derivative of lysoGM1 (LIGA20) administered after the lesion either i.v. or per or reduces the infarct size by 30-40% and attenuates the associated cognition deficits, presumably by limiting the extent of damage of neurons at risk located in the surroundings of the infarcted core (i.e., area penumbra). The LIGA20 protection is dose and time dependent. Maximal protection is afforded by a single dose of LIGA20 of 34 mumol/kg i.v. 1 hr after lesion or by a dose of 270 mumol/kg per os when administered 1 hr and 24 hr after the lesion. The protective effect of LIGA20 can be observed when the drug is administered i.v. up to 6 hr after the lesion. The protective efficacy of the oral administration of LIGA20 is related to its physiochemical properties, which, unlike those of GM1, allow absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. LIGA20 given orally reaches the brain promptly and rapidly inserts into the neuronal membranes. Here, by an unknown molecular mechanism, LIGA20 selectively reduces the pathological amplification of Ca2+ signaling elicited by persistent stimulation of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the area penumbra.
Dynamical simulations of filament formation and evolution in the Coastal Transition Zone

Using the semispectral primitive equation model of Haidvogel et al. (1991), the evolution of a forced, surface-intensified, eastern boundary current is studied in the presence of both finite-amplitude topography and irregular coastline geometry. The model domain is 1000 km in alongshore length, and extends on average 700 km in the cross-shelf direction. A representative cape, as well as smoothed continental shelf-slope topography, are included. The model is forced by inclusion of nudging terms in the equations of motion which relax the fluid system back to a prescribed reference state on a time scale of 45 days. The reference state chosen is a broad, geostrophically balanced, equatorward flow having a maximum current at the surface of 0.45 m s−1 and a transport of approximately 10 Sv. No explicit wind forcing is included. Initialized with the smooth surface current, the model quickly approaches a turbulent, time-dependent equilibrium featuring an intense, meandering alongshore jet with local velocities of 0.8–1.0 m s−1. A deep, poleward undercurrent also forms. Subsequent interaction with the protruding cape geometry causes an offshore deflection in the steepening frontal meanders, some of which produce elongated filaments which penetrate significant distances (400–500 km) offshore. The emerging filaments are characterized by a strong downwelling signal (maximum vertical velocities of 30–40 m d−1). The simulated filaments ultimately pinch off, typically within 40–50 days, to form a corotating pair of detached eddies. The existence of the cape geometry, as well as the southward surface flow, appears to be necessary in this model to produce filament generation; removal of the irregular coastal geometry or reversal of the sense of the surface circulation is shown to inhibit filament formation. Detailed analysis of both instantaneous and time-mean momentum balances show dynamical similarity to observations taken during the Coastal Transition Zone experiment and elucidate the eddy transport mechanisms responsible for the formation of the poleward undercurrent in these experiments. Offshore transport of heat by the filaments, found to be O(0.06) PW, is substantial.
Determining environmentally sound soil phosphorus levels

ABSTRACT: Increased inputs of phosphorus (P) in agricultural runoff can accelerate freshwater eutrophication. This is of particular concern in areas of intensive crop and livestock farming, where soil P has increased to levels that are of environmental rather than agronomic concern. Thus, many states have been forced to consider the development of recommendations for manure applications based on the potential for P loss in runoff, thereby creating an urgent need to assess the validity of the use of soil test P as an indicator of P loss in runoff. Several field studies have shown the dissolved P (DP) concentration of runoff is related to soil test P (r2 of 0.58–0.98) of surface soil (0 to 5 cm). These relationships can identify critical levels which can support a DP concentration of runoff. In this regard, critical soil test P levels established by several states, ranging from 75 to 200 mg kg−1, appear to be realistic. However, amounts of P lost in runoff are not related solely to soil test P, due to variable site runoff and erosion potentials. Thus, an approach which integrates soil test P with estimates of potential runoff and erosion losses and local climatic, topographic, and agronomic factors is being developed for reliable, yet flexible recommendations of fertilizer and manure P management in environmentally sound production agriculture.
Modelling and Solving the Precedence-Constrained Minimum-Cost Arborescence Problem with Waiting-Times

A polynomial-size mixed integer linear programming model for the Precedence-Constrained Minimum-Cost Ar-borescence Problem with Waiting-Times was recently proposed in the literature, that uses a smaller number of variables and constraints compared to previously proposed polynomial-size models. In this work, we extend this model with constraint programming constructs to further enhance its performance. An extensive computational study support that modern constraint programming solvers are the best tool available at solving the models proposed. Several improvements to state-of-the-art results are finally renorted.
The impact of digital technologies on employee engagement: Case study of company "A" in Serbia

The rapid and progressive advancement of modern digital technologies and tools, as well as their widespread application, have changed the working environment and working conditions. As a result, many concepts, methods, practices, and activities related to employee engagement must be reconsidered and adapted to the needs of the new workplace. This paper highlights the key changes in employee engagement caused by digital technologies. Obtained results from conducted case study in one IT company from Serbia showed that modern technologies enable remote work, flexible working hours, more challenging and interesting tasks, but also lead to a variety of challenges among which are technologically caused stress, over-reliance on technology, work-life conflict, and burnout syndrome. The findings presented in this paper can be useful for managers and leaders who want to build, improve, and nurture employee engagement in the digital age. Human resource managers also have valuable information on how to develop practices and methods for using digital technologies and tools in the best possible way, without negative effects and consequences on employee engagement.
Identification of psychological constructs for a positive psychology intervention to assist with the adjustment to closed loop technology among adolescents living with type 1 diabetes

Aim Adolescents have been identified as the group who struggle most with successful adjustment to closed loop technology. This study aims to identify the psychological constructs that should form part of a positive psychology intervention to assist with the adjustment to closed loop technology among adolescents living with type 1 diabetes. Method Qualitative document analysis was employed to integrate findings from two documents: a published ongoing intervention study and a recent phenomenological study by the authors. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to identify themes from the documents. Findings The following themes were identified as important psychological constructs that aid adjustment: the importance of knowledge and education; the process of positive adjustment to closed loop technology; a positive outlook; and building a relationship with diabetes. Conclusion Interventions are needed to assist adolescents in their adjustment to closed loop technology. The psychological constructs identified served as a starting point in designing an effective, evidence-based intervention grounded in data and theory. Knowledge and education, responsibility, identity, positive affect, gratitude, support, and trust are psychological constructs that need to be included in an intervention program.
Optogenetics in Alzheimer’s Disease: Focus on Astrocytes

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, resulting in disability and mortality. The global incidence of AD is consistently surging. Although numerous therapeutic agents with promising potential have been developed, none have successfully treated AD to date. Consequently, the pursuit of novel methodologies to address neurodegenerative processes in AD remains a paramount endeavor. A particularly promising avenue in this search is optogenetics, enabling the manipulation of neuronal activity. In recent years, research attention has pivoted from neurons to glial cells. This review aims to consider the potential of the optogenetic correction of astrocyte metabolism as a promising strategy for correcting AD-related disorders. The initial segment of the review centers on the role of astrocytes in the genesis of neurodegeneration. Astrocytes have been implicated in several pathological processes associated with AD, encompassing the clearance of β-amyloid, neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism (along with a critical role in apolipoprotein E function). The effect of astrocyte–neuronal interactions will also be scrutinized. Furthermore, the review delves into a number of studies indicating that changes in cellular calcium (Ca2+) signaling are one of the causes of neurodegeneration. The review’s latter section presents insights into the application of various optogenetic tools to manipulate astrocytic function as a means to counteract neurodegenerative changes.
Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr Isotopic Systematics of a Heavily Shocked Martian Meteorite Tissint and Petrogenesis of Depleted Shergottites

Tissint is a very fresh Martian meteorite that fell near the town of Tissint in Morocco on July 18, 2011. It contains abundant olivine megacrysts (~23%) in a fine-grained matrix of pyroxene (~55%), maskelynitized plagioclase (~15%), opaques (~4%) and melt pockets (~3%) and is petrographically similar to lithologies A and C of picritic shergottite EETA 79001 [1,2]. The presence of 2 types of shock-induced glasses and all 7 high-pressure mineral phases that were ever found in melt pockets of Martian meteorites suggests it underwent an intensive shock metamorphism of ~25 GPa and ~2000 C localized in melt pockets [2]. Mineral textures suggest that olivines, pyroxenes and plagioclases probably did not experience such hightemperature. Earlier determinations of its age yielded 596+/-23 Ma [3] and 616+/-67 Ma [4], respectively, for the Sm-Nd system and 583+/-86 Ma for the Lu-Hf system [4], in agreement with the 575+/-18 Ma age of the oldest olivine-phyric depleted shergottite Dho 019 [5]. However, the exposure ages of Tissint (~1 Ma [1, 6, 7]) and Dho 019 (~20 Ma [8]) are very different requiring two separate ejection events. These previously determined Sm-Nd and Lu-Hf ages are older than the Ar-Ar maskelynite plateau age of 524+/-15 Ma [9], reversing the pattern usually observed for Martian meteorites. In order to clarify these age issues and place models for Tissint's petrogenesis on a firm basis, we present new Rb-Sr and Sm- Nd isotopic results for Tissint, and discuss (a) the shock effects on them and the Ar-Ar chronometer, (b) correlation of the determined ages with those of other depleted shergottites, and (c) the petrogenesis of depleted shergottites. Since the meteorite is a recent fall, terrestrial contamination is expected to be minimal, but, the strong shock metamorphism might be expected to compromise the equilibrium of the isotopic systems.
Context of financial education in the armed forces of Colombia

The purpose of this article is to encourage the professional community, especially police officers in Colombia, to reflect on personal financial practices and to analyze the relationship between inadequate economic habits and professional performance. In this sense, a quantitative paradigm with a descriptive and a relational phase is used, according to a survey applied to 1,233 policemen located in the Colombian regions of Santander, Norte de Santander, Arauca and Magdalena Medio, which contrasts the variables of financial education, personal finances and indebtedness. Likewise, it is identified that police officers have overcome a basic stage of financial literacy; however, a national strategy is required to strengthen this area of knowledge from police schools. On the other hand, it is established that police officers understand the risks of high indebtedness and it is detected that a high percentage of police officers have debits or over indebtedness. In addition, it was determined that their savings capacity is limited due to the financial demands generated by their work in places other than their residence.
A Physically Based Flood Frequency Distribution

The geomorphoclimatic instantaneous unit Hydrograph theory, the joint probability density function of storm duration and intensity, and Philip's representation of the infiltration process are used to derive a flood frequency distribution that could be used in regions with no streamflow records. The resulting flood frequency distribution is in analytical form containing only few climatologic and physiographic parameters of the catchment. This frequency distribution was tested against frequency distributions calculated from historic records for arid and wet climates, with good and reasonable results, respectively.
On the geological succession and structure of South-Central Wales

Sedimentary rocks of the Llangranog area are subdivided into the Tresaith and Llangranog Formations of Ashgill age and the Gaerglwyd and Allt Goch Formations of Llandovery age, formations which form the basis for mapping inland areas. Folds and cleavage follow a northeast to west-southwest arcuate trend. In a narrow zone near the coast, cleavage dips southeast and folds verge to the northwest; inland, the opposite prevails. Faults exhibit two main trends, northeast and north-northeast. Some cross-cutting occurs but, more commonly, trends combine to give arcuate anastomosing patterns on which southeastward directed reverse movements across east-northeast portions is translated into high angle sinistral oblique slip on sections trending north-northeast.
An efficient uniform model to integrate SQL and NoSQL databases

In recent years, systems become more complex due to massive growth and variety of data which stored in different formats (structured and unstructured). In many cases the organizations need to use both SQL and NoSQL databases to store their data and get the advantages of both systems. A big challenge for organizations is how to integrate these data and retrieve it in a uniform format. The difficulty of integration is not only because the heterogeneity of query language and the data format but also the heterogeneity of semantic and structure. Although many researches were done to overcome these challenges, it introduced a specific solution for a special case or limited feature rather than a general model. This paper introduces a standard solution to integrate SQL with NoSQL databases and retrieve data from them in a unified form. The proposed model allows developers to write and execute queries against different data sources easily at the same time. This model solves the problems of heterogeneous data integration along three diagonal structure, semantic, and syntax heterogeneity. A web-based application is developed to ensure the usefulness of the proposed solution.
Exploring the Prevalence of Anti-Patterns in the Application of Scrum in Software Development Organizations

The paper presents a survey-based study that aimed to determine the prevalence of anti-patterns in the Scrum software development methodology. A total of 35 anti-patterns were selected from the literature review, and 42 respondents working in software development organizations located in Poland indicated whether they had encountered each anti-pattern in their organizations. The study found that “Unfinished Tasks” was the most prevalent anti-pattern, highlighting the importance of proper planning and task management within sprints. Additionally, several other common anti-patterns were identified, including daily scrums being extended beyond the recommended time, user stories not being fully refined, and the sprint goal not being defined at the sprint planning meeting. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the current state of Scrum methodology in software development organizations and highlight areas where there is room for improvement.
Mapping of the Waxy Gene in Brassica napus L. via Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA) and Whole-Genome Resequencing

Plant cuticular wax is the covering of the outer layer of the plant. It forms a protective barrier on the epidermis of plants and plays a vital role like a safeguard from abiotic and biotic stresses. In the present study, Brassica napus L. materials with and without wax powder were observed. Genetic analysis showed that the separation ratio of waxy plants to waxless plants was 15:1 in the F2 population, which indicated that the wax powder formation was controlled by two pairs of genes. In order to identify the candidate genes associated with the wax powder trait of B. napus L. , bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was performed. The homozygous waxy plants, the homozygous waxless plants, and plants from three parents were selected for establishing five DNA pools for genome-wide resequencing. The results of the resequencing showed that the site associated with wax powder trait was located in the region of 590,663–1,657,546 bp on chromosome A08. And 48 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found between the DNA sequences of waxy plants and waxless plants in this region. These SNPs were distributed across 16 gene loci. qRT-PCR analysis was conducted for the 16 candidate genes and three genes (BnaA08g01070D, BnaA08g02130D, and BnaA08g00890D) showed significantly differential expression between waxy and waxless parents. BnaA08g01070D and BnaA08g02130D were significantly down-regulated in the waxless parent, while BnaA08g00890D was significantly up-regulated in the waxless parent. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the BnaA08g02130D gene was enriched in lipid biosynthetic or metabolic processes. All the results in our study would provide valuable clues for exploring the genes involved in wax powder development.
Myocardial Perfusion Scan Study before and after On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery – A Single-Center Study

Aim: Ischemic cardiac disease is the most common adult heart disease. The primary aim of the study was to analyze the myocardial perfusion status of the patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft using sestamibi scan and assess the improvement in perfusion status of the myocardium after the surgery. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive study consisting of a single group of patients undergoing elective surgery for coronary artery disease. The patients underwent myocardial perfusion scan before surgery. Another myocardial perfusion scan was performed 3 months after the surgery. The change in myocardial perfusion status was analyzed. Results: Totally, 49 patients were initially included in this study. Seven patients lost their follow-up. Among the 17 patients who had severely reduced tracer uptake preoperatively, 3 (7.1%) had a good outcome, while 14 (33.3%) had a poor outcome, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Eighteen cases who belonged to the category of moderately reduced tracer uptake while analyzed, it was found that 16 (38.1%) had a good outcome while only 2 (4.8%) had a poor outcome; the difference in proportion among these two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The patients who had mildly reduced tracer uptake preoperatively, all 3 (7.1%) had a good outcome, but it was not statistically significant (P = 0.23). Four patients had adequate tracer uptake preoperatively, out of which 3 (7.1%) had a good outcome, while the other 1 (2.4%) had a poor outcome and was not statistically significant (P = 0.63). Conclusion: Surgical revascularization improves perfusion in a selective group of patients.
Rapid techniques for determining annual accumulation applied at Summit, Greenland

Abstract We have determined accumulation histories by identifying annual-layer horizons in records obtained by three independent methods: (1) glaciochemical analysis on a core, (2) density profiling in the borehole from which the core was taken, using the neutron-probe (NP) technique, and (3) borehole optical stratigraphy (BOS), again in the same borehole. We also used three different techniques for determining density to convert annual-layer thickness to accumulation: (1) gravimetric measurements on core samples, (2) measurement of density using NP and (3) a simple empirical model based on regional climatology. The result is nine different accumulation time series, three of which are completely independent. The chemical-analysis- and NP-derived accumulation time series are correlated, and the ∼70 year means are in agreement. The BOS-derived accumulation ∼70 year mean is slightly lower, probably due to a combination of the empirical density model’s underestimate of the density profile and the misidentification of sub-annual events in the shallow part of the borehole as annual horizons.