Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
POSSIBLE DETECTION OF APPARENT SUPERLUMINAL INWARD MOTION IN MARKARIAN 421 AFTER THE GIANT X-RAY FLARE IN 2010 FEBRUARY

We report on the very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) follow-up observations using the Japanese VLBI Network array at 22 GHz for the largest X-ray flare of TeV blazar Mrk 421 that occurred in 2010 mid-February. The total of five epochs of observations were performed at intervals of about 20 days between 2010 March 7 and May 31. No newborn component associated with the flare was seen directly in the total intensity images obtained by our multi-epoch VLBI observations. However, one jet component located at ∼1 mas northwest from the core was able to be identified, and its proper motion can be measured as −1.66 ± 0.46 mas yr−1, which corresponds to an apparent velocity of −3.48 ± 0.97c. Here, this negative velocity indicates that the jet component was apparently moving toward the core. As the most plausible explanation, we discuss that the apparent negative velocity was possibly caused by the ejection of a new component, which could not be resolved with our observations. In this case, the obtained Doppler factor of the new component is around 10–20, which is consistent with the ones typically estimated by model fittings of spectral energy distribution for this source.
Fabrication of superconducting nanowires based on ultra-thin Nb films by means of nanoimprint lithography

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is an attractive nonconventional lithographic technique in the fabrication of superconducting nanowires for superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) with large effective detection areas or multi-element devices consisting of hundreds of SNSPDs, due to its low cost and high throughput. In this work, NIL was used to pattern superconducting nanowires with meander-type structures based on ultra-thin (~4 nm) Nb films deposited by DC-magnetron sputtering at room temperature. A combination of thermal-NIL and UV-NIL was exploited to transfer the meander pattern from the imprint hard mold to Nb films. The hard mold based on Si wafer was defined by e-beam lithography (EBL), which was almost nonexpendable due to the application of IPS as a soft mold to transfer the patterns to the imprint resist in the NIL process. The specimens fabricated by NIL keep good superconducting properties which are comparable to that by conventional EBL process.
Thermodynamics of N-dimensional quantum walks

The entanglement between the position and coin state of a $N$-dimensional quantum walker is shown to lead to a thermodynamic theory. The entropy, in this thermodynamics, is associated to the reduced density operator for the evolution of chirality, taking a partial trace over positions. From the asymptotic reduced density matrix it is possible to define thermodynamic quantities, such as the asymptotic entanglement entropy, temperature, Helmholz free energy, etc. We study in detail the case of a $2$-dimensional quantum walk, in the case of two different initial conditions: a non-separable coin-position initial state, and a separable one. The resulting entanglement temperature is presented as function of the parameters of the system and those of the initial conditions.
CMBR anisotropy in the framework of cosmological extrapolation of MOND

A modified gravity involving a critical acceleration, as empirically established at galactic scales and successfully tested by data on supernovae of type Ia, can fit the measured multipole spectrum of anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background radiation, so that a dark sector of Universe is constructively mimicked as caused by the dynamics beyond the general relativity. Physical consequences, verifiable predictions and falsifiable issues are listed and discussed.
APPROACH ABOUT CURRENT TRENDS ON FORCED DEGRADATION STUDIES FOR STABILITY INDICATING METHODS.

: Stability of drug substance or drug product is an essential parameter which can affect purity, potency and safety of the drug. Poor stability, impurities and toxic degradants is associated with poor efficacy, low potency and toxic effects of the drug product during treatment. So a need to establish shelf life, purity profile and chemical behavior of the drug substance under various different conditions(adjusted pH, temperature, humidity, light etc.) to determine better modifications during development and formulation of the drug. Forced degradation study involves exposure of drug substance to exaggerated conditions to establish chemical behavior of the drug substance or drug products; it is required to perform the study according to regulatory guidelines, at almost every stage of drug development. Forced degradation studies are useful to mimic decomposition of drug substance or drug product in real time stability studies, determine specificity of stability indicating method, the degradation pathways and degradation products likely to form during drug management (handling, storage and use) i.e drug stability profile. Stability indicating analytical procedures of different methods (such as: RP-HPLC, column chromatography and other spectroscopic techniques) are applied to analyze the outcomes of forced degradation conditions on drug substance which gives the qualitative and quantitative data analysis, which can be a combination of conventional and spectroscopic techniques. In this review we provide an insight about current trends on conducting forced degradation studies for stability indicating method.
DEBRIS FLOW HAZARD ANALYSIS TOWARD THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MITIGATION MEASURES

: A massive debris flow occurred on 28 April and 3 May 2016 in Beriti Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. The debris flow carried 4.3 million cubic meters of sediment materials containing 1-2 m diameter boulders that damaged roads, bridges, and geothermal facilities. This study assesses the debris flow hazard through comprehensive field investigation and laboratory testing and analyses the effectiveness of proposed mitigation measures against the destructive energy of the debris flow. A closed-type conduit Sabo dam is proposed as a countermeasure. The design of the Sabo dam considered the engineering geology, hydrologic and hydraulic, and geotechnical aspects. The hydrologic analysis used Synthetic Unit Hydrograph, which was continued by flood analysis using HEC-RAS. The geotechnical analysis was conducted to determine the Sabo dam stability utilizing the field and laboratory test data. The analysis shows that without a Sabo dam, the debris flows were distributed to a larger area downstream and destroyed the structure of the old bridge. The impacted area reduced significantly when the Sabo dam was implemented.
HMGB3 Targeted by miR-145-5p Impacts Proliferation, Migration, Invasion, and Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells

This study focused on the investigation into how HMGB3 works in breast cancer (BC) progression. Firstly, we analyzed the relationship between HMGB3 and BC patients through the TCGA database. We performed qRT-PCR for determining the HMGB3 mRNA level and Western blot for detecting the protein level of HMGB3 in BC cell lines. CCK-8, flow cytometry, transwell, and wound healing assays were utilized to detect the effect of HMGB3 on BC cell phenotypes. Next, the prediction of the binding site shared by miR-145-5p and HMGB3 was performed by the bioinformatics method. The targeting relationship between miR-145-5p and HMGB3 was validated by using dual-luciferase assay. Finally, rescue experiments were employed for assessing the effect of the miR-145-5p/HMGB3 axis on BC cells. HMGB3 was demonstrated to have a high-level expression in BC cell lines and facilitated BC progression. On the contrary, miR-145-5p was shown a low-level expression in BC cell lines, which could target HMGB3. miR-145-5p restrained the proliferation, migration, and invasion of BC cells via inhibiting HMGB3.
The impact of upper tropospheric friction and Gill-type heating on the location and strength of the Tropical Easterly Jet: Idealized physics in a dry Atmospheric General Circulation Model

An atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) with idealized and complete physics has been used to evaluate the Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ) jet. In idealized physics, the role of upper tropospheric friction has been found to be important in getting realistic upper tropospheric zonal wind patterns in response to heating. In idealized physics, the location and strength of the TEJ as a response to Gill heating has been studied. Though the Gill model is considered to be widely successful in capturing the lower tropospheric response, it is found to be inadequate in explaining
Topological crystalline antiferromagnetic state in tetragonal FeS

Stable magnetic order in materials usually breaks some spatial symmetries such that the electronic structures are strongly reconstructed and present some new features such as Dirac-cone structure. Here, we find that tetragonal FeS is a topological insulator with the pair checker-board antiferromagnetic (PCB-AFM)order, named "topological crystalline antiferromagnetic state", in which, the (010) surface of tetragonal FeS supports non- trivial surface states protected by the product of fractional translation symmetry, mirror symmetry, and time- reversal (TR) symmetry, while other surfaces are topologically trivial due to the glide-plane mirror symmetry breaking. Our finding indicates that the non-trivial topological states could emerge accompanying with some magnetic orders, and the corresponding symmetry breaking provides possible ways to modulate charge and spin transport of surface electrons in these classes of materials.
Phytochemical and Biological Characterization of the Fractions of the Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Parthenium hysterophorus

In this study, the fractions of the aqueous (AE) and ethanolic (EE) crude extracts of Parthenium hysterophorus were evaluated for their phytochemical composition, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activity. The two extracts were subjected to a fractionation by vacuum liquid chromatography, obtaining seven fractions for each extract. These fractions were evaluated for the presence of phenolic compounds by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (RP-HPLC-MS) analysis. Their cytotoxic activity was tested with a hemolysis assay. The antioxidant activity was evaluated with the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and hydroxyl radical (–OH) scavenging assays. In addition, the effect of the fractions on the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), from human erythrocytes, was evaluated. The phytochemical screening by RP-HPLC-MS mainly showed the presence of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids. The hemolysis assay exhibited a low cytotoxic activity by the fractions of the AE, but the fractions of the EE exhibited a hemolytic effect. The fractions of the AE and EE showed significant antioxidant activity to inhibit radicals in the three radical scavenging assays. Moreover, only some fractions of the AE showed a significant increase in the activity of the SOD enzyme, while the activity of CAT exhibited a significant increase by the fractions of the two extracts. The fractions of the AE and EE of P. hysterophorus have phytochemicals with antioxidant activity to inhibit radicals and increase the activity of in vitro antioxidant enzymes.
Can Islamic Financial Literacy Minimize Bankruptcy Among the Muslims? An Exploratory Study in Malaysia

Studies showed that Malaysians possess low financial literacy. Consequently, bankruptcy cases among young adults in Malaysia are rising. The government and its relevant institutions, that is, credit counseling and debt management agency, provide different training and awareness programs to minimize the bankruptcy rates. Muslims are among the majority that declared bankruptcy; hence, Islamic financial literacy (IFL) may have a considerable role to minimize bankruptcy cases by changing the attitudes and behaviors of debtors. Furthermore, studying IFL is pertinent to Malaysia because it is a Muslim-majority country with the leading Islamic banking market in the world. Therefore, this study aims to construct the theory of IFL from the sources of the Shariah and examines whether it is suitable to implement IFL in different financial awareness programs in Malaysia. The study concludes that IFL provides a comprehensive guideline for borrowers, lenders, financial institutions, and society to reduce bankruptcy. Furthermore, findings from the field study confirmed that IFL could be used in Malaysia to raise awareness among the related parties. This is a qualitative study that employed an inductive and deductive approach to review the sources of the Shariah to come out with Shariah rulings. Furthermore, this study conducted semi-structured interviews with the officials of related government bodies and agencies. It is expected that the outcome would have a direct implication on the policymakers and loaning institutions in Malaysia.
Raman Fingerprint of Interlayer Coupling in 2D TMDCs

Vertical stacking of two-dimensional (2D) homo- and heterostructures are intriguing research objects, as they are essential for fundamental studies and a key towards 2D device applications. It is paramount to understand the interlayer coupling in 2D materials and to find a fast yet precise characteristic signature. In this work, we report on a Raman fingerprint of interlayer coupling in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). We observed that the out-of-plane B2g vibrational mode is absent when two monolayers form a vertical stack yet remain uncoupled but emerges after strong coupling. Using systematic Raman, photoluminescence (PL), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies of WSe2/WSe2 homo-bilayers and MoSe2/WSe2 hetero-bilayers, we conclude that the B2g vibrational mode is a distinct Raman fingerprint of interlayer coupling in 2D TMDCs. Our results propose an easy, fast, precise, and reliable measure to evaluate the interlayer coupling in 2D TMDCs.
Removal of systematics in photometric measurements: static and rotating illumination corrections in FORS2@VLT data

Images taken with modern detectors require calibration via flat fielding to obtain the same flux scale across the whole image. One method for obtaining the best possible flat fielding accuracy is to derive a photometric model from dithered stellar observations. A large variety of effects have been taken into account in such modelling. Recently, Moehler et al. (2010) discovered systematic variations in available flat frames for the European Southern Observatory's FORS instrument that change with the orientation of the projected image on the sky. The effect on photometry is large compared to other systematic effects that have already been taken into account. In this paper, we present a correction method for this effect: a generalization of the fitting procedure of Bramich & Freudling (2012) to include a polynomial representation of rotating flat fields. We then applied the method to the specific case of FORS2 photometric observations of a series of standard star fields, and provide parametrised solutions that can be applied by the users. We found polynomial coefficients to describe the static and rotating large-scale systematic flat-field variations across the FORS2 field of view. Applying these coefficients to FORS2 data, the systematic changes in the flux scale across FORS2 images can be improved by ~1% to ~2% of the total flux. This represents a significant improvement in the era of large-scale surveys, which require homogeneous photometry at the 1% level or better.
DETECTION OF OFF-PULSE EMISSION FROM PSR B0525+21 AND PSR B2045–16

We report the detection of off-pulse emission from two long-period pulsars PSR B0525+21 and PSR B2045–16 using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. We recorded high time resolution interferometric data at 325 MHz and gated the data off-line to separate the on- and off-pulse sections of the pulsar. On imaging the two temporal sections separately, we detected a point source in the off-pulse images of both the pulsars coincident with the pulsar locations in the on-pulse images. The long periods (3.75 and 1.96 s, respectively) and low spin-down energies ( erg s−1) of the two pulsars argue against a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) origin for the off-pulse emission. The derived estimates of the interstellar medium particle density required to drive a PWN do not support such an interpretation. A magnetospheric origin for the off-pulse emission raises questions regarding the location of the emission region, which is an important input into pulsar emission models.
HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION INDUCED BY ULTRA-HIGH-ENERGY PHOTONS AS A PROBE OF ULTRA-HIGH-ENERGY COSMIC-RAY ACCELERATORS EMBEDDED IN THE COSMIC WEB

The photomeson production in ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray (UHECR) accelerators such as γ-ray bursts and active galaxies may lead to ultra-high-energy (UHE) γ-ray emission. We show that the generation of UHE pairs in magnetized structured regions where the sources are embedded is inevitable, and accompanying ≳ 0.1 TeV synchrotron emission provides an important probe of UHECR acceleration. It would especially be relevant for powerful transient sources, and synchrotron pair echoes may be detected by future CTA via coordinated search for transients of duration ∼0.1–1 yr for the structured regions of ∼Mpc. Detections will be useful for knowing structured extragalactic magnetic fields as well as properties of the sources.
Drag reduction induced by superhydrophobic surfaces in turbulent pipe flow

The drag reduction induced by superhydrophobic surfaces is investigated in a turbulent pipe flow. Wetted superhydrophobic surfaces are shown to trap gas bubbles in their asperities. This stops the liquid from coming in direct contact with the wall in that location, allowing the flow to slip over the air bubbles. We consider a well-defined texture with streamwise grooves at the walls in which the gas is expected to be entrapped. This configuration is modeled with alternating no-slip and shear-free boundary conditions at the wall. With respect to the classical turbulent pipe flow, a substantial drag reduction is observed which strongly depends on the grooves’ dimension and on the solid fraction, i.e., the ratio between the solid wall surface and the total surface of the pipe’s circumference. The drag reduction is due to the mean slip velocity at the wall which increases the flow rate at a fixed pressure drop. The enforced boundary conditions also produce peculiar turbulent structures which on the contrary d.
Understanding Persistence: A 3D Trap Map of an H2RG Imaging Sensor

Several theories exist to explain persistence, most of which revolve around the distribution of traps. We aim to simulate persistence and illustrate this complex issue with a 3D trap map. For this experiment, we vary the detector voltage bias to simulate the change in the depletion region that occurs when the detector is exposed to light. This allows us to measure the distribution of traps in the depletion region. This paper will explore the results from this experiment and discuss the implications.
Towards Introducing Asynchronous Tasks to an FRP Language for Small-Scale Embedded Systems

Emfrp is a functional reactive programming language designed for small embedded systems. By imposing certain restrictions on the language mechanism, the language guarantees the termination of the update process for each time-varying value and enables static determination of the amount of memory required for execution. This allows Emfrp programs to run safely even in resource-constrained execution environments. However, the abovementioned restrictions make it difficult to write time-consuming operations (heavy tasks) such as graph structure construction and exploration based on external data. Moreover, since Emfrp updates time-varying values synchronously, a naive implementation of such heavy tasks using external function calls will result in a slow response time to input. Some existing programming languages provide asynchronous processing mechanisms to ensure descriptiveness and responsiveness for heavy tasks. In this study, we propose a method to introduce heavy tasks into reactive programs naturally by introducing language mechanisms equivalent to asynchronous processing mechanisms, such as future and promise, into Emfrp. In this paper, we first discuss the problems with a naive implementation of heavy tasks in Emfrp, then explain the proposed method based on an example, and discuss the language runtime implementation.
Does GD 356 have a terrestrial planetary companion

GD 356 is unique among magnetic white dwarfs because it shows Zeeman-split Balmer lines in pure emission. The lines originate from a region of nearly uniform field strength (δB/B≈ 0.1) that covers 10 per cent of the stellar surface in which there is a temperature inversion. The energy source that heats the photosphere remains a mystery but it is likely to be associated with the presence of a companion. Based on current models, we use archival Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) observations to place a new and stringent upper limit of 12 MJ for the mass of such a companion. In the light of this result and the recent discovery of a 115-min photometric period for GD 356, we exclude previous models that invoke accretion and revisit the unipolar inductor model that has been proposed for this system. In this model, a highly conducting planet with a metallic core orbits the magnetic white dwarf and, as it cuts through field lines, a current is set flowing between the two bodies. This current dissipates in the photosphere of the white dwarf and causes a temperature inversion. Such a planet is unlikely to have survived both the red and asymptotic giant branch phases of evolution so we argue that it may have formed from the circumstellar disc of a disrupted He or CO core during a rare merger of two white dwarfs. GD 356 would then be a white dwarf counterpart of the millisecond binary pulsar PSR 1257+12 which is known to host a planetary system.
Quasar lenses and galactic streams: outlier selection and Gaia multiplet detection

I describe two novel techniques originally devised to select strongly lensed quasar candidates in wide-field surveys. The first relies on outlier selection in optical and mid-infrared magnitude space; the second combines mid-infrared colour selection with GAIA spatial resolution, to identify multiplets of objects with quasar-like colours. Both methods have already been applied successfully to the SDSS, ATLAS and DES footprints: besides recovering known lenses from previous searches, they have led to new discoveries, including quadruply lensed quasars, which are rare within the rare-object class of quasar lenses. As a serendipitous by-product, at least four candidate Galactic streams in the South have been identified among foreground contaminants. There is considerable scope for tailoring the WISE-GAIA multiplet search to stellar-like objects, instead of quasar-like, and to automatically detect Galactic streams.
Small-scale structure from charged leptophilia

We consider a charged leptophilic extension of the Standard Model of particle physics as a minimal dark sector. It accomodates a WIMP paradigm at the TeV-scale that is sufficient to solve all small-scale problems of $\Lambda$CDM and explain the excess of highly energetic cosmic ray Standard Model electrons and positrons presented recently by the DAMPE collaboration. The predictive power of this model allows to test it in the near future.