Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An automated OpenCL FPGA compilation framework targeting a configurable, VLIW chip multiprocessor

Modern system-on-chips augment their baseline CPU with coprocessors and accelerators to increase overall computational capacity and power efficiency, and thus have evolved into heterogeneous systems. Several languages have been developed to enable this paradigm shift, including CUDA and OpenCL. This thesis discusses a unified compilation environment to enable heterogeneous system design through the use of OpenCL and a customised VLIW chip multiprocessor (CMP) architecture, known as the LE1. An LLVM compilation framework was researched and a prototype developed to enable the execution of OpenCL applications on the LE1 CPU. The framework fully automates the compilation flow and supports work-item coalescing to better utilise the CPU cores and alleviate the effects of thread divergence. This thesis discusses in detail both the software stack and target hardware architecture and evaluates the scalability of the proposed framework on a highly precise cycle-accurate simulator. This is achieved through the execution of 12 benchmarks across 240 different machine configurations, as well as further results utilising an incomplete development branch of the compiler. It is shown that the problems generally scale well with the LE1 architecture, up to eight cores, when the memory system becomes a serious bottleneck. Results demonstrate superlinear performance on certain benchmarks (x9 for the bitonic sort benchmark with 8 dual-issue cores) with further improvements from compiler optimisations (x14 for bitonic with the same configuration)
Bleeding time, stroke and myocardial infarction: the Caerphilly prospective study

The stressed bleeding time is a simple 'global' test of haemostasis, dependent upon platelet function, rheology, thrombosis and intimal function. It could be of considerable value in clinical practice if it were shown to be predictive of vascular disease events. A stressed bleeding time test was done on 1319 men aged 55-69 years in the Caerphilly Cohort Study of Heart Disease, Stroke and Cognitive Decline. The men were followed-up and during the following 7-10 years 155 men had a myocardial infarction (MI) and 72 an ischaemic stroke. The mean bleeding time was 323 (SD 113) s. This was shorter in men who smoked by an average of 45 s, and lengthened in men who took aspirin daily by 40 s. After making statistical adjustments for numerous possible confounding factors, the relative odds (ROs) of an MI within the third of men with the longest bleeding times, compared to the third with the shortest times, was 0.90 (0.40-2.03). For ischaemic stroke, the ROs in the third of men with the longest times were 1.42 (0.39-5.21). The stressed bleeding time does not predict either MI or ischaemic stroke. It has no place in health screening.
In vivo and in vitro effects of microRNA-27a on proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells through targeting of SFRP1 gene via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

This study aims to explore the effects of microRNA-27a (miR-27a) targeting of SFRP1 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer (BC) cells through the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. BC and normal breast tissues were obtained from 396 female BC patients and 308 female patients with benign breast lesions respectively. Human normal mammary epithelial (MCF-10A) and BC cell lines (BT-20, MCF-7, T-47D and MDA-MB-231) were cultured. After cell transfection, BC cells were assigned to six groups: control, miR-27a mimics, miR-27a inhibitors, negative control (NC), si-SFRP1 and si-SFRP1 + miR-27a inhibitors groups. qRT-PCR assay and Western blot were employed to detect the expressions of miR-27a, SFRP1, Wnt, β-catenin and GSK3β. MTT assay, wound-healing test and Transwell assay were used to test cell proliferation, migration and invasion. BC tissues were found to have higher miR-27a expression and lower SFRP1 mRNA and protein expressions than MCF-10A cells and normal breast tissues. Compared with the control and NC groups, the miR-27a mimics and si-SFRP1 groups exhibited down-regulation of SFRP1, up-regulation of Wnt, β-catenin and GSK3β, and promotion of cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The miR-27a inhibitor group showed up-regulation of SFRP1 and inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and invasion in comparison to the miR-27a mimic group. The si-SFRP1 + miR-27a inhibitors group also exhibited up-regulation of SFRP1 and inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and invasion in comparison to the si-SFRP1 group. miR-27a may activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by negatively regulating SFRP1 to promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of BC cells.
Insights into the Metabolism and Ecophysiology of Three Acidithiobacilli by Comparative Genome Analysis

Draft genome sequences of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans ATCC 19377 and A. caldus ATCC 51756 have been annotated. Bioinformatic analysis of these two new genomes, together with that of A. ferrooxidans ATCC 23270, allows the prediction of metabolic and regulatory models for each species and has provided a unique opportunity to undertake comparative genomic studies of this group of bioleaching bacteria. In this paper, we report preliminary information on metabolic and electron transfer pathways for ten characteristics of the three acidithiobacilli: CO2 fixation, the TCA cycle, sulfur oxidation, sulfur reduction, iron oxidation, iron assimilation, hydrogen oxidation, flagella formation, Che signaling (chemotaxis) and nitrogen fixation. Predicted transcriptional and metabolic interplay between pathways pinpoints potential coordinated responses to environmental signals such as energy source, oxygen and nutrient limitations. The predicted pathway for nitrogen fixation in A. ferrooxidans will be described as an example of such an integrated response. Several responses appear to be especially characteristic of autotrophic microorganisms and may have direct implications for metabolic processes of critical relevance to the understanding of how these microorganisms survive and proliferate in extreme environments, including industrial bioleaching operations.
Mg/W-codoped vanadium dioxide thin films with enhanced visible transmittance and low phase transition temperature

Vanadium dioxide (VO2), with a reversible phase transition near ambient temperature, has been found to be a promising candidate for energy-saving smart windows. However, its use is constrained by its low visible transmission (Tlum) and high transition temperature (τc). In this paper, by codoping tungsten (W) and magnesium (Mg) in VO2, a good combination of low τc (∼35 °C) and high Tlum (81.3%) was achieved. The τc declines with decreasing Mg doping level in Mg/W-codoped samples, which is the opposite effect of doping with only Mg, suggesting a synergistic effect of the two dopants arising from the e− and h+ carrier neutralization. In addition, the band gap of Mg/W-codoped VO2 was gradually widened; this is attributed to the depressed absorption, which enhanced the Tlum.
Recognition of 3D compressed images and its traffic monitoring applications

In a digital image network for traffic monitoring a large number of cameras are connected to control centers through a hierarchical network. Compressed image data and recognition results are transmitted over the network. With conventional approaches, each control center receives compressed image data along with preliminary recognition results from low level control centers or surveillance cameras. Each center needs to decompress image data for further recognition processing, and if necessary the center sends the compressed image data and recognition results to the upper-level control center. In order to increase the cost-efficiency of the digital image network, we propose eliminating the decompression required at each center by developing a recognition method which works in the compressed domain. The main stream of conventional image compression methods such as discrete cosine transform is based on spatial frequency which makes it difficult to carry out recognition processes in the compressed domain. In contrast, we will compress the image data by using attributes which are relevant both for compression and recognition. Examples of the common attributes are binary edge locations and the color information surrounding the edge. This and other information is retained in the compression domain to enable recognition without decompression.
Question Classification Using Profile Hidden Markov Models

Recently, Question Answering has been a hot topic in the research of information retrieval. Question Classification plays a critical role in most Question Answering systems. In this paper, a new approach to classifying questions using Profile Hidden Markov Models (PHMMs) is proposed. The generalization strategies to extract the pattern instances of questions by selective substitution are discussed. Then the classification method with pattern instances' structural features is investigated. Experimental results show that the PHMM based question classifier can reach the accuracy of 92.2% and significantly outperforms most of the state-of-the-art systems.
Molecular Biocompatibility Evaluation of Poly-L-Ornithine-Coated Alginate Microcapsules by Investigating mRNA Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines

Following a polyelectrolytical complex reaction, the poly-L-ornithine (PLO)-alginate microcapsules were prepared by coating PLO on calcium alginate beads which were produced by a high-voltage electrostatic droplet generator. The biocompatibility of the microcapsules at the molecular level was evaluated through investigating the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines; that is, the effect of the PLO coating of alginate beads on the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were measured using the RT-PCR method. The resulting PLO-coated alginate microcapsules have a smooth surface with a mean diameter of 309µm. The molecular biocompatibility studies show that coating microcapsules with PLO has no significant effect on the biocompatibility of alginate microcapsules (p>0.05), and both alginate microcapsules and PLO-coated microcapsules are significantly different from the positive control (p<0.05); however, both are also capable of causing an inflammatory response at a molecular level since both are significantly different from the blank control (p<0.05). Furthermore, with the increase in concentration of microcapsules or co-cultured time, part of the mRNA expression of cytokines is significantly increased. The results also demonstrate that the method used in this study, co-incubating the microcapsules with macrophages and measuring the mRNA expression of cytokines by RT-PCR, may be a useful method for evaluating the biocompatibility of coating materials of microcapsules.
Joint Transmit Power and Relay Two-Way Beamforming Optimization for Energy-Harvesting Full-Duplex Communications

This paper studies the joint optimization problem of two- way relay beamforming, the receiver power splitting (PS) ratio as well as the transmit power at the sources to maximize the achievable sum-rate of a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system with a full-duplex (FD) multiple-input multiple- output (MIMO) amplify and forward (AF) relay, assuming perfect channel state information (CSI). In particular, our contribution is an iterative algorithm based on the difference of convex programming (DC) and one dimensional searching to achieve the joint solution. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Sub-µW QRS detection processor using quadratic spline wavelet transform and maxima modulus pair recognition for power-efficient wireless arrhythmia monitoring

This paper describes a power-efficient processor for extracting the timing of QRS complex from digitized ECG, based on the hardware-efficient architecture of quadratic spline wavelet transform (QSWT) and maxima modulus pair recognition (MMPR). The processor succeeds in saving the wireless system's power by 6×.
Status of risk factors for dementia associated with stroke.

BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment associated with vascular disease may be the only preventable form of dementia of late life. Identification of risk factors for dementia associated with stroke may be a prelude to improved intervention. SUMMARY OF REVIEW I reviewed putative risk factors for dementia associated with stroke. These included demographic, atherogenic, stroke-related, and genetic factors. Key studies from the English literature were reviewed and graded according to quality of evidence ratings (classes I, II, and III). Although many of the cardiovascular disease risk factors are logical antecedents of dementia associated with stroke, age was the only factor that could be considered a well-documented risk factor. CONCLUSIONS We should continue to support efforts directed at primary stroke prevention and the brain-at-risk and predementia stages. Additional rigorous epidemiological study is needed to clarify risk factors for dementia associated with stroke.
Genetic analysis of individual origins supports isolation of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem

Abstract The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) supports the southernmost of the 2 largest remaining grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) populations in the contiguous United States. Since the mid-1980s, this population has increased in numbers and expanded in range. However, concerns for its long-term genetic health remain because of its presumed continued isolation. To test the power of genetic methods for detecting immigrants, we generated 16-locus microsatellite genotypes for 424 individual grizzly bears sampled in the GYE during 1983–2007. Genotyping success was high (90%) and varied by sample type, with poorest success (40%) for hair collected from mortalities found ≥1 day after death. Years of storage did not affect genotyping success. Observed heterozygosity was 0.60, with a mean of 5.2 alleles/marker. We used factorial correspondence analysis (Program GENETIX) and Bayesian clustering (Program STRUCTURE) to compare 424 GYE genotypes with 601 existing genotypes from grizzly bears sampled in the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem (NCDE) (FST = 0.096 between GYE and NCDE). These methods correctly classified all sampled individuals to their population of origin, providing no evidence of natural movement between the GYE and NCDE. Analysis of 500 simulated first-generation crosses suggested that over 95% of such bears would also be detectable using our 16-locus data set. Our approach provides a practical method for detecting immigration in the GYE grizzly population. We discuss estimates for the proportion of the GYE population sampled and prospects for natural immigration into the GYE.
Diffusion bonding between Ti -6Al -4V alloy and microduplex stainless steel with copper interlayer

Abstract In the present study, diffusion bonding was used to join Ti -6Al- 4V alloy to a microduplex stainless steel using a pure copper interlayer. The effects of heating rate and holding time on microstructural developments across the joint region were investigated. After bonding, microstructural analysis including metallographic examination and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), microhardness measurements, and shear strength tests were carried out. From the results, it was seen that heating rate and holding time directly affect microstructural development at the joint, especially with respect to the formation of TiFe intermetallic compounds, and this in turn affects the shear strength of the bonds. A sound bond was obtained with a heating rate of 100 K min -1 and holding time of 5 min, and this was related to the small amount of TiFe intermetallics formed close to the duplex stainless steel side at this bonding condition. Although Ti2Cu and TiFe intermetallics were formed in all specimens, it was seen that the most deleterious intermetallic was TiFe. As the heating rate was decreased and holding time increased the amount of TiFe intermetallics increased, and consequently shear strength decreased. As a result, from the microstructural observations, EDS analysis, microhardness measurements, and shear strength tests, it was concluded that a high heating rate and a short holding time must be used in the diffusion bonding of Ti-6Al- 4V to a microduplex stainless steel when pure copper interlayers are used.
Deep ulnar-nerve paralysis resulting from an anatomical abnormality.A case report.

The importance of this case of isolated atrophy and paralysis of the first dorsal interosseus muscle of the hand, resulting from an abnormality in the anatomy of the deep ulnar nerve, would seem to be twofold: it is a unique abnormality not previously described, and it has implications as an etiological factor in isolated hand-muscle atrophies.
Correlation functions in holographic RG flows

We discuss the computation of correlation functions in holographic RG flows. The method utilizes a recently developed hamiltonian version of holographic renormalization and it is more efficient than previous methods. A significant simplification concerns the treatment of infinities: instead of performing a general analysis of counterterms, we develop a method where only the contribution of counterterms to any given correlators needs to be computed. For instance, the computation of renormalized 2-point functions requires only an analysis at the linearized level. We illustrate the method by discussing flat and AdS-sliced domain walls. In particular, we discuss correlation functions of the Janus solution, a recently discovered non-supersymmetric but stable AdS-sliced domain wall.
Referral Incentives in Crowdfunding

Word-of-mouth, referral, or viral marketing is a highly sought-after way of advertising. In this paper, we investigate whether such marketing can be encouraged through incentive mechanisms, thus allowing an organisation to effectively crowdsource their marketing. Specifically, we undertake a field experiment that compares several mechanisms for incentivising social media shares in support of a charitable cause. Our experiment takes place on a website promoting a fundraising drive by a large cancer research charity. Site visitors who sign up to support the cause are asked to spread the word about it on Facebook, Twitter or other channels. They are randomly assigned to one of four treatments that differ in the way social sharing activities are incentivised. Under the control treatment, no extra incentive is provided. Under two of the other mechanisms, the sharers are offered a fixed number of points that help take the campaign further. We compare low and high levels of such incentives for direct referrals. In the final treatment, we adopt a multi-level incentive mechanism that rewards direct as well as indirect referrals (where referred contacts refer others). We find that providing a high level of incentives results in a statistically significant increase in sharing behaviour and resulting signups. Our data does not indicate a statistically significant increase for the low and multi-level incentive mechanisms.
Thermo-magnetic metal flexure actuators

Deep X-ray lithography and metal plating when coupled with a sacrificial layer, SLIGA, lends itself to the fabrication of very high aspect ratio metal structures which are mechanically stiff in the substrate direction and can be very flexible in the direction parallel to the substrate. These properties can be exploited by producing a family of new flexure actuators which can produce very significant motion via thermal expansion and magnetic forces. The magnitude of thermal effects and magnetic forces are dependent on actuator geometry. An understanding of each effect allows the design of an actuator which is dominated by one or both effects. The end result is devices intended for large motion actuators in microswitch and positioning applications. They are also useful for material constant measurements of electroplated metals. <<ETX>>
Fine‐needle aspiration of spindle cell and mesenchymal lesions of the salivary glands

Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy can accurately diagnose epithelial lesions of the salivary gland. Its role in the evaluation of salivary gland lesions containing a significant spindle cell component is less clear. We describe the cytologic features of 25 spindle cell lesions of the salivary gland and discuss the differential diagnosis and potential diagnostic pitfalls. Twenty‐five aspiration smears (3.0%) containing a significant spindle cell or mesenchymal component were identified out of 844 salivary gland FNAs performed over a 5‐year period. These aspiration smears were from 25 patients. The smears were classified into three categories: 1) reactive or inflammatory conditions, including one granulation tissue and four granulomatous sialoadenitis; 2) benign neoplasms, including one schwannoma, one fibromatosis, four lipomas, and nine pleomorphic adenomas; 3) malignant neoplasms, including one recurrent malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), two metastatic melanomas, and two metastatic osteosarcomas. There was one false‐negative biopsy. The metastatic desmoplastic malignant melanoma was initially interpreted as a reactive lymph node with fibrosis. A specific diagnosis was rendered in 21 (84%) cases. The schwannoma was diagnosed cytologically as benign spindle cell lesion, not otherwise specified (NOS), fibromatosis as an atypical cellular proliferation, and MFH as poorly differentiated malignant neoplasm. Salivary gland lesions with a significant spindle cell component are rarely encountered on FNA and constitute a heterogeneous group. A specific diagnosis can be rendered in the majority of cases by correlating clinical and cytologic findings. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2000;23:253–259. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An efficient R-tree implementation over flash-memory storage systems

For many applications with spatial data management such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), block-oriented access over flash memory could introduce a significant number of node updates. Such node updates could result in a large number of out-place updates and garbage collection over flash memory and damage its reliability. In this paper, we propose a very different approach which could efficiently handle fine-grained updates due to R-tree index access of spatial data over flash memory. The implementation is done directly over the flash translation layer (FTL) without any modifications to existing application systems. The feasibility of the proposed methodology is demonstrated with significant improvement on system performance, overheads on flash-memory management, and energy dissipation.
A graph-based approach to mining multilingual word associations from wikipedia

In this paper, we propose a graph-based approach to constructing a multilingual association dictionary from Wikipedia, in which we exploit two kinds of links in Wikipedia articles to associate multilingual words and concepts together in a graph. The mined association dictionary is applied in cross language information retrieval (CLIR) to verify its quality. We evaluate our approach on four CLIR data sets and the experimental results show that it is possible to mine a good multilingual association dictionary from Wikipedia articles.