Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical Instability due to Varying Time Steps in Explicit Wave Propagation and Mechanics Calculations

Explicit central-difference time integration is frequently used to solve the wave equation, and the classical criterion for numerical stability is the Courant? Friedrichs? Lewy condition. Similarly, explicit integration of a spring-mass mechanical system has a stability condition. These conditions are derived under the assumption of constant time steps. This paper demonstrates the new and perhaps surprising result that numerical instability may occur when time steps vary, even though all steps are substantially less than the constant step criterion.
Isolation and immunoblotting of somatic antigens of Cotylophoron cotylophorum and Gastrothylax crumenifer

Paramphistomosis is the emerging fluke infection in young ruminants which results in high morbidity and mortality in tropics and sub-tropics. The present study was carried out to detect the sharing antigens among the purified somatic antigens of G. crumenifer and C. cotylophorum, in order to use as a candidate antigen for diagnosis of paramphistomosis in sheep. Immunoblot analysis of the purified somatic antigens of C. cotylophorum and G. crumenifer using their specific rabbit hyper immune serum revealed 3 common polypeptides at the range of 27, 29 and 60 kDa. Hence these three immunodominant peptides canÂ be used candidate antigens in development of vaccines against ovine paraphistomosis and also for early diagnosis of infection.
Weighted estimating equations for semiparametric transformation models with censored data from a case‐cohort design

In a case-cohort design introduced by Prentice (1986), covariates are assembled only for a subcohort randomly selected from the entire cohort, and any additional cases outside the subcohort. Semiparametric transformation models are considered here for failure time data from the case-cohort design. Weighted estimating equations are proposed for estimation of the regression parameters. The estimation procedure of survival probability at given covariate levels is also provided. Asymptotic properties are derived for the estimators using finite population sampling theory, U-statistics theory and martingale convergence results. The finite-sample properties of the proposed estimators, as well as the efficiency relative to the full cohort estimators, are assessed via simulation studies. A case-cohort dataset from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study is used to illustrate the estimating procedure. Copyright Biometrika Trust 2004, Oxford University Press.
Stimulated Emission Near Ultraviolet at Room Temperature from a GaN Film Grown on Sapphire by MOVPE Using an AlN Buffer Layer

We report the first observation of the room temperature stimulated emission near UV from a GaN film which was grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy on a (0001) sapphire substrate using an AlN buffer layer. This indicates that the GaN film is promising for the realization of an UV laser diode.
The Hercules pseudoscorpions from Madagascar: A systematic study of Feaellidae (Pseudoscorpiones: Feaelloidea) highlights regional endemism and diversity in one of the “hottest” biodiversity hotspots

Madagascar is amongst the “hottest” biodiversity hotspots with extreme levels of diversity and endemism. Throughout the last decades, there has been substantial progress in documenting the Malagasy invertebrate fauna but no study has ever focused on pseudoscorpions (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) in the arachnid fauna. Here we review the Malagasy fauna of Hercules pseudoscorpions (family Feaellidae), which are common in soil habitats of arid biomes across Madagascar. Using morphology and molecular data, we recover three reciprocally monophyletic clades that correspond to three new genera in well-defined biogeographical regions and identify twelve new species: Antsiarananaellagen. nov. for Antsirananaella lorenzorumsp. nov., Antsiarananaella leniaesp. nov., Antsiarananaella faulstichisp. nov. and Antsiarananaella marlaesp. nov.; Mahajanganellagen. nov. for Mahajanganella fridakahloaesp. nov., Mahajanganella heraclissp. nov. and Mahajanganella schwarzeneggerisp. nov.; Toliaranellagen. nov. for Toliaranella fisherisp. nov., Toliaranella griswoldisp. nov., Toliaranella mahnertisp. nov., Toliaranella meridionalissp. nov. and Toliaranella pumilasp. nov. Local endemism in this fauna is high and most species have small distributions, ranging from 20 km to 350 km linearly. Genetic distances between populations are also high, suggesting restricted dispersal or selection against dispersal in this fauna. Species’ ranges seem to be delimited by geological barriers including volcanic fields (Ambre-Bobaomby in the north of Madagascar), mountain ranges (foothills of the Central Highland Plateau), and rivers (Manankolana, Mandrare, Manombo and Onilahy Rivers and their anabranches), but mainly by different biome habitats. Overall, Madagascar emerges as a global “hotspot” of feaellid radiation and these animals may be used in future studies to test biogeographical hypotheses across xeric biomes on this island.
Neutron star thermal evolution

Un modele d'evolution thermique d'une etoile a neutrons ayant une structure de densite fixee est developpe. Un nouvel algorithme de resolution des equations d'evolution est presente et compare a d'autres algorithmes. Les emissivites des neutrinos, les capacites de chauffage, les conductivites thermiques et le traitement du superfluide utilises dans le modele sont decrits. Les simulations numeriques sont realisees pour une etoile de masse gravitationnelle M = 1.4 M ○. , avec ou sans champs magnetiques de surface forts, et pour une etoile ayant un mecanisme de refroidissement a acceleration centrale.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Vimentin-Induced Disruption of Cell–Cell Associations Augments Breast Cancer Cell Migration

In advanced metastatic cancers with reduced patient survival and poor prognosis, expression of vimentin, a type III intermediate filament protein is frequently observed. Vimentin appears to suppress epithelial characteristics and augments cell migration but the molecular basis for these changes is not well understood. Here, we have ectopically expressed vimentin in MCF-7 and investigated its genomic and functional implications. Vimentin changed the cell shape by decreasing major axis, major axis angle and increased cell migration, without affecting proliferation. Vimentin downregulated major keratin genes KRT8, KRT18 and KRT19. Transcriptome-coupled GO and KEGG analyses revealed that vimentin-affected genes were linked to either cell–cell/cell-ECM or cell cycle/proliferation specific pathways. Using shRNA mediated knockdown of vimentin in two cell types; MCF-7FV (ectopically expressing) and MDA-MB-231 (endogenously expressing), we identified a vimentin-specific signature consisting of 13 protein encoding genes (CDH5, AXL, PTPRM, TGFBI, CDH10, NES, E2F1, FOXM1, CDC45, FSD1, BCL2, KIF26A and WISP2) and two long non-coding RNAs, LINC00052 and C15ORF9-AS1. CDH5, an endothelial cadherin, which mediates cell–cell junctions, was the most downregulated protein encoding gene. Interestingly, downregulation of CDH5 by shRNA significantly increased cell migration confirming our RNA-Seq data. Furthermore, presence of vimentin altered the lamin expression in MCF-7. Collectively, we demonstrate, for the first time, that vimentin in breast cancer cells could change nuclear architecture by affecting lamin expression, which downregulates genes maintaining cell–cell junctions resulting in increased cell migration.
TBX 5 gene mutation analysis among Tanzanian children with congenital heart diseases using high-resolution melting assays

Early cardiac development is governed by transcription factor genes. TBX5, a T-box transcription factor gene, plays an important role in the development of the second heart field during cardiac septation by promoting cell cycle progression through the enhancement of Cdk6 and hedgehog signaling pathways. TBX5 binds to the promoter region of genes, enhancing the expression of alpha cardiac myosin heavy chain 6 (MYH6), which is a predominant isoform found in human cardiac tissue. TBX5 gene mutations are postulated to cause congenital heart diseases. A casecontrol TBX5 mutational analysis was performed to provide insight into the etiology of sporadic congenital heart diseases in our setting. We used a magnetic induction cycler (mic-PCR), which is a next-generation tool for polymerase chain reaction-high resolution melting assays, to detect mutations in children with sporadic isolated congenital heart diseases. A retrospective casecontrol study was conducted at the Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute. The peripheral blood samples were collected, and DNA was extracted using the Quick-DNA Miniprep Kit. The primers were designed using Primer 3 software, validated using the program BLAST, and checked for hairpin and homo-hetero-dimerization using the IDT oligo analyzer. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-high-resolution melting assays for screening TBX5 gene mutations were done using a magnetic induction cycler. We found two (2) TBX5 mutations in exon 5, among patients with Atrial-Ventral Septal Defects (ASVD) and Atrial-Septal Defects (ASD) and none among controls. TBX5 exon 5 is a molecular hotspot for isolated congenital heart diseases.
Circularly Polarized Horn Antenna With Miniaturized Longitudinal Dimension for Vehicular Satellite Communications

A wideband circularly polarized (CP) horn antenna with miniaturized longitudinal dimension is proposed for satellite communications, by cutting a pair of antipodal tapered slots (ATSs) on the broad walls of the horn and loading simple metal blocks near the ATSs. By introducing a pair of ATSs, a linear cross polarization is generated with almost equal amplitude and quadrature phase relative to the original polarization, and a circular polarization is realized. Then the CP horn is longitudinally shortened by 33.3% for miniaturized dimension, but the circular polarization is deteriorated because the two linear polarizations are perturbed. Critically, three pairs of simple metal blocks introducing extra capacitances are loaded near the ATSs to enhance the cross polarization, so the two orthogonal linear polarizations are rebalanced and the circular polarization is reconstructed. Other two pairs of metal blocks are embedded on the throat of the horn to improve the impedance match on the operating band, achieving a 32.8% bandwidth of 11.35-15.8 GHz for both impedance and axial ratio bandwidths. The proposed antenna is easy to be fabricated by standard mechanical manufacture process, showing a compact and low-cost candidate for vehicular satellite communications.
Influence of integrated nutrient management on seed quality of coriander (Coriandrum sativum)

The experiment was carried out during winter (rabi) season of 2016â€“17 and 2017â€“18 with 18 treatments comprising of inorganic fertilizers, biofertilizers and manures to compare the coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seed quality. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Results revealed that the co-inoculation of Azotobacter and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) along with recommended dose of nitrogen through vermicompost (T5) recorded significantly higher test weight, standard germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight, vigour index-I, vigour index-II, dehydrogenase activity, superoxidase dismutase, field emergence index and seedling establishment. The electrical conductivity was also recorded less in this treatment. The same treatment recorded significantly higher standard germination (31.50%), seedling length (14.09 cm), seedling dry weight (1.88 mg), vigour index-I (444), vigour index-II (59.25) and minimum electrical conductivity (696.92 Î¼ S cm-1 g-1) after accelerated ageing of seed for 120 h at 40Â±1Â°C at 100% relative humidity. Suitable combination of organic manures and biofertilizers can be used to produce good quality coriander sees.
Exploring possibilities and challenges of Lesson Study: A case study in a small island developing state

Lesson Study (LS) is a teaching improvement and knowledge-building process that has origins in Japanese elementary education. In Japanese LS, teachers work in small teams to plan, teach, observe, analyse and refine individual lessons called research lessons. This study examined a small sample of primary school teachers’ perceptions of LS as a professional learning endeavour. The benefits and challenges teachers experienced when attempting to engage in LS was further explored. The study focused on the Fijian primary teaching context, specifically on Year 8 mathematics teachers. Data was collected using a series of class observations and semi-structured interviews in two case-study schools. Analysis of classroom observations and semi-structured interviews confirms that LS provided a useful mode for teachers to talk about their mathematics lessons and open them for scrutinisation by their teaching colleagues. The findings suggest that all the teachers in the two schools found that LS is a powerful learning platform to improve teachers’ mathematical knowledge and pedagogical skills. These findings have important implications for the implementation of effective professional learning amongst practising primary school teachers.
Antarctic Ice‐Sheet Meltwater Reduces Transient Warming and Climate Sensitivity Through the Sea‐Surface Temperature Pattern Effect

Coupled global climate models (GCMs) generally fail to reproduce the observed sea‐surface temperature (SST) trend pattern since the 1980s. The model‐observation discrepancies may arise in part from the lack of realistic Antarctic ice‐sheet meltwater input in GCMs. Here we employ two sets of CESM1‐CAM5 simulations forced by anomalous Antarctic meltwater fluxes over 1980–2013 and through the 21st century. Both show a reduced global warming rate and an SST trend pattern that better resembles observations. The meltwater drives surface cooling in the Southern Ocean and the tropical southeast Pacific, in turn increasing low‐cloud cover and driving radiative feedbacks to become more stabilizing (corresponding to a lower effective climate sensitivity). These feedback changes can contribute as substantially as ocean heat uptake efficiency changes in reducing the global warming rate. Accurately projecting historical and future warming thus requires improved representation of Antarctic meltwater and its impacts.
PAC-MAN: Multi-Relation Network in Social Community for Personalized Hashtag Recommendation

Previous personalized hashtag recommendations have been able to recommend suitable hashtags for a given microblog. Despite their performance improvement, we argue that three challenges remain unexplored. First, prior studies capture user interests solely from user-hashtag interactions that are directly connected (i.e., first-order relations), making them unable to deal with multiple user behaviors, including user-user social and hashtag-hashtag co-occurrence, and also restrict relations from similar users that are indirectly connected (i.e., high-order relations). Second, previous works personalize content at the microblog level, ignoring the personalized aspects that users have for each word in the microblog. Third, past studies capture correlations among hashtags in the same microblog from only the left-side correlations, restricting the right-side correlations. In this paper, we propose a novel integral model for personalized hashtag recommendation named PAC-MAN, which explores high-order multiple relations to model fruitful user and hashtag representation before fusing with word representation for word-level personalization and integrating with sequenceless hashtag correlation for the recommendation. First, to derive fruitful user and hashtag representation from higher-order multiple relations, Multi-relational Attentive Network (MAN) applies GNN to jointly capture relations on three communities: (1) user-hashtag interaction; (2) user-user social; and (3) hashtag-hashtag co-occurrence. Second, to personalize content at a word level, Person-And-Content based BERT (PAC) extends BERT to input not only word representations from the microblog but also the fruitful user representation from MAN, allowing each word to be fused with user aspects. Finally, to capture sequenceless hashtag correlations, the fruitful hashtag representations from MAN that contain the hashtag’s community perspectives are inserted into BERT to integrate with the hashtag’s word-semantic perspectives, and a hashtag prediction task is then conducted under the mask concept, enabling hashtag correlations to be obtained from both left and right sides without sequence constraints. Extensive experiments on the Twitter dataset demonstrate that PAC-MAN consistently outperforms state-of-the-art methods, including neural network based and traditional graph based methods, over precision, recall, and F1-score metrics.
Linear Optimization Models for Maj-3 and Maj-5 Exact Synthesis

Due to the physical restriction of current CMOS technology, the study of majority based nanotechnologies has been progressing steadily. In this paper, we present a new exact synthesis algorithm for majority-of-three and majority-of-five boolean functions. Key in our approach is the formulation of constraints that encodes majority logic problems into linear optimization models. The proposed algorithm is able to generate optimal results for both depth and size minimization, while also minimizing the number of inverters and literals in the output function. With this new approach, we can decrease the total production cost of a circuit in technologies where inverters and literals are expensive to build, without losing optimal results for depth and size minimization. To evaluate our method, a comparison was made with two exact synthesis algorithms that can generate optimal results when considering depth and size as cost criteria, for majority-of-three and majority-of-five boolean functions. Since our method considers two additional cost criteria, the goal is to generate functions that are also optimal in relation to depth and size, but with less inverters and literals. The obtained results have shown that the proposed algorithm was able to further optimize 64% of all 220,376 compared functions, while also achieving equal cost results for the remaining 36%.
On the Extinction Probability of a Branching Process with Two Kinds of Interaction of Particles

A continuous-time Markov branching process with a single type T of particles is considered in which any pair of particles T+T produces offspring independently of all other particles. In addition, any particle of type T also produces children. Representations for the extinction probabilities of this process are obtained under certain assumptions on the offspring distribution. To establish this result we apply the exponential generating function method for the solution of a stationary backward Kolmogorov system of differential equations (see [A. V. Kalinkin, {Theory Probab. Appl., 27 (1982), pp.~201--205]).
Noncontact monitoring of fatigue crack growth using high frequency guided waves

The development of fatigue cracks at fastener holes due to stress concentration is a common problem in aircraft maintenance. This contribution investigates the use of high frequency guided waves for the non-contact monitoring of fatigue crack growth in tensile, aluminium specimens. High frequency guided ultrasonic waves have a good sensitivity for defect detection and can propagate along the structure, thus having the potential for the inspection of difficult to access parts by means of non-contact measurements. Experimentally the required guided wave modes are excited using standard wedge transducers and measured using a laser interferometer. The growth of fatigue cracks during cyclic loading was monitored optically and the resulting changes in the signal caused by crack growth are quantified. Full three-dimensional simulation of the scattering of the high frequency guided ultrasonic waves at the fastener hole and crack has been implemented using the Finite Difference (FD) method. The comparison of the results shows a good agreement of the measured and predicted scattered field of the guided wave at quarter-elliptical and through-thickness fatigue cracks. The measurements show a good sensitivity for the early detection of fatigue damage and for the monitoring of fatigue crack growth at a fastener hole. The sensitivity and repeatability are ascertained, and the robustness of the methodology for practical in-situ ultrasonic monitoring of fatigue crack growth is discussed.
Kinetics of nitrous oxide production from ammonia oxidation in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific

Marine oxygen‐deficient zones represent a natural source of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas and ozone‐depleting agent. To investigate controls on N2O production, the responses of ammonia oxidation (AO) to nitrite ( NO2− ) and N2O with respect to oxygen (O2), ammonium ( NH4+ ) and NO2− concentrations were evaluated using N−NH4+15 tracer incubations in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific. Within the oxycline, additions of NH4+ and O2 stimulated N2O production according to Michaelis–Menten kinetics, indicating that both substrates were limiting, and that N2O production, even if the exact mechanisms remain uncertain, is mediated by predictable kinetics. Low half‐saturation constants for NH4+ (12–28 nM) and O2 (460 ± 130 nM) during N2O production indicate that AO communities are well adapted to low concentrations of both substrates. Hybrid N2O formation (i.e., from one NH4+15 and one unlabeled nitrogen (N) source, e.g., NO2− , NO) accounted for ~ 90% of the N2O production from NH4+ and was robust across the different O2, NO2− , and NH4+ conditions. Lack of response to variable substrate concentrations implies that the unlabeled N source was not limiting for N2O production. Although both O2 and NH4+ were key modulators of N2O production rates, N2O yield (N2O produced per NO2− produced) seemed to be controlled solely by O2. The N2O yield increased when O2 concentrations dropped below the half‐saturation concentration for AO to NO2− (< 1.4 μM), the range where NO2− production decreased faster than N2O production. Our study shows that O2 control on N2O yield from AO is robust across stations and depths.
Decentralized reinforce‐control of renewable dynamic virtual power plant enabling it to offer ancillary services: An attempt towards net‐zero targets

This article presents internal model control (IMC) based decentralized reinforce-control of renewable dynamic virtual power plant (DVPP) so that, it can be integrated into the power system as a substitution of fuel-based conventional generators. Such grid integration towards net-zero targets could not be possible without providing additional ancillary service (AS) to the power system, as the traditional AS would fall short with the retire-ment/substitution of conventional generators. The theory of DVPP from a technical perspective (i.e., TDVPP) is presented in a detailed and simpliﬁed manner, including the formulation of a generalized control objective (desired speciﬁcation) for DVPP integration. The solution approach includes two steps: (1) disaggregation of desired speciﬁcation and (2) decentralized reinforce-control to match the disaggregated speciﬁcation. The theory and solution approach for DVPP integration is presented in a generalized manner enabling the DVPP to offer multiple ASs, but the case study is limited only to frequency control AS (FCAS) in this article. The study is performed on the ‘western system coordinating council (WSCC)’ test system, in which an attempt is made towards net-zero targets by substituting the largest thermal generator with renewable DVPP ensuring the grid’s operation or dynamics safe.