Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intrusion detection using k-Nearest Neighbor

Data Mining is the use of algorithms to extract the information and patterns derived by the knowledge discovery in databases process. Classification maps data into predefined groups or classes. It is often referred to as supervised learning because the classes are determined before examining the data. In many data mining applications that address classification problems, feature and model selection are considered as key tasks. That is, appropriate input features of the classifier must be selected from a given set of possible features and structure parameters of the classifier must be adapted with respect to these features and a given data set. This paper describes feature selection and model selection simultaneously for k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) classifiers. In order to reduce the optimization effort, various techniques are integrated that accelerate and improve the classifier significantly: hybrid k-NN, comparative cross validation. The feasibility and the benefits of the proposed approach are demonstrated by means of data mining problem: intrusion detection in computer networks. It is shown that, compared to earlier k-NN technique, the run time is reduced by up to 0.01 % and 0.06 % while error rates are lowered by up to 0.002 % and 0.03 % for normal and abnormal behaviour respectively. The algorithm is independent of specific applications so that many ideas and solutions can be transferred to other classifier paradigms.
Rendering visible heterosexually active men in Brazil: A national study on sexual behaviour, masculinities and HIV risk

The HIV epidemic has not spread widely among heterosexuals in countries with medium to high per capita income rates. To understand this phenomenon in Brazil, this article analyses data from a national survey to distinguish groups of heterosexually active men in relation to their risk of infection. The analysis used an odds ratio to estimate the chance of belonging to the group of greatest risk and factor analysis to understand patterns of masculinity. It was found that a pattern of restricted sexual behaviour (having a stable partner, a relatively reduced sexual network and infrequent extraconjugal activities) limited the spread of HIV. Fewer than 1 in 10 of men presented great risk of infection. The odds of belonging to this group rose according to sexual characteristics and cultural values. Men presenting a pattern of masculinity that showed satisfaction with one’s sexuality were 2.3 times more likely to belong to the group at great risk, while a pattern of physical self-care and attention to one’s health reduced such a risk. The study therefore shows that heterosexual men are not a homogeneous group. Gender norms influence the risk of HIV infection and a small portion of men should be considered within preventative policies.
The Anaphoric Parallel between Modality and Tense Matthew Stone

In modal subordination, a modal sentence is interpreted relative to a hypothetical scenario introduced in an earlier sentence. In this paper, I argue that this phenomenon reflects the fact that the interpretation of modals is an ANAPHORIC process, precisely analogous to the anaphoric interpretation of tense. Modal morphemes introduce alternative scenarios as entities into the discourse model; their interpretation depends on evoking scenarios for described, reference and speech points, and relating them to one another. Although this account formalizes anaphoric connections using dynamic semantics, it invokes a novel and direct encoding of scenarios as ordinary, static objects (competing analyses take modal referents to be inherently dynamic objects, unlike the referents of pronouns and tenses). The result is a simpler proposal with better empirical coverage. Comments University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science Technical Report No. IRCS-97-06. This technical report is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/ircs_reports/79
Stellar Envelope Convection Calibrated by Radiation Hydrodynamics Simulations: Influence on Globular Cluster Isochrones

One of the largest sources of uncertainty in the computation of globular cluster isochrones and hence in the age determination of globular clusters is the lack of a rigorous description of convection. Therefore, we calibrated the superadiabatic temperature gradient in the envelope of metal-poor low-mass stars according to the results from a new grid of two-dimensional hydrodynamical models, which cover the main sequence and the lower red giant branch of globular cluster stars. In practice, we still use for computing the evolutionary stellar models the traditional mixing-length formalism, but we fix the mixing-length parameter α in order to reproduce the run of the entropy of the deeper adiabatic region of the stellar envelopes with effective temperature and gravity as obtained from the hydrodynamical models. The detailed behavior of the calibrated α depends in a nontrivial way on the effective temperature, gravity, and metallicity of the star. Nevertheless, the resulting isochrones for the relevant age range of Galactic globular clusters have only small differences with respect to isochrones computed adopting a constant solar calibrated value of the mixing length. Accordingly, the age of globular clusters is reduced by 0.2 Gyr at most.
Relationships between musical audio, perceived qualities and motoric responses - A pilot study

The paper describes a pilot experiment in which quantitative and structural relationships between auditory stimuli, perceived qualities and motoric responses to music are investigated. In a previous study [16] a 3-dimensional semantic space of perceived qualities was extracted from the data of a group of hundred students that evaluated sixty musical excerpts (each thirty seconds long). Stepwise multiple regression then revealed significant relationships between these three dimensions and audio cues. Valence adjectives correlate with number of onsets, tempo and harmonicity. Dominance was related to roughness and loudness. Less good results have been obtained with Arousal but this is explained by the fact that the method is calling for cognitive evaluation whereas arousal adjectives may call upon personal emotional engagements. The present pilot study aimed at extending this methodology to motoric behavioral responses. For this aim, cognitive and motoric responses to all sixty musical excerpts were recorded with a computer mouse from seven subjects. The study aimed at finding correlations between motoric behavior and cognitive evaluation, as well as between motoric behavior and audio features. Although significant correlations were found between perceived qualities and audio cues, no significant correlations have been found between perceived qualities and motoric cues, nor among motoric and audio cues. This may be due to the kind of feature extraction used for the motoric behavioral data: although they proved to be useful in other contexts, they were inappropriate for summarization over the entire musical excerpt. Despite the negative outcome at this stage of the research, the described experiment revealed new methodological and technical issues which can probably be solved. On a broader scale we performed this study as an initial step in a research program on the motoric annotation of perceived musical qualities. In the near future similar related experiments will be carried out using 2-D an 3-D haptic and digital interfaces.
Rosette nanotubes inhibit bovine neutrophil chemotaxis

Migration of activated neutrophils that have prolonged lifespan into inflamed organs is an important component of host defense but also contributes to tissue damage and mortality. In this report, we used biologically-inspired RGD-tagged rosette nanotubes (RNT) to inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis. We hypothesize that RGD-RNT will block neutrophil migration through inhibition of MAPK. In this report, RNT conjugated to lysine (K–RNT) and arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-serine-lysine (RGDSK-RNT) were co-assembled in a molar ratio of 95/5. The effect of the resulting composite RNT (RGDSK/K–RNT) on neutrophil chemotaxis, cell signaling and apoptosis was then investigated. Exposure to RGDSK/K–RNT reduced bovine neutrophil migration when compared to the non-treated group (p < 0.001). Similar effect was seen following treatment with ERK1/2 or p38 MAPK inhibitors. Phosphorylation of the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK was inhibited at 5 min by RGDSK/K–RNT (p < 0.05). The RGDSD/K-RNT did not affect the migration of neutrophils pre-treated with αvβ3 integrin antibody suggesting that both bind to the same receptor. RGDSK/K–RNT did not induce apoptosis in bovine neutrophils, which was suppressed by pre-exposing them to LPS (p < 0.001). We conclude that RGDSK/K–RNT inhibit phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK and inhibit chemotaxis of bovine neutrophils.
Users' perception of the performance of a filtering system

Abstmd. ~thoughfalteringekctronic informationis -8 qidly, vq fewstudiesexaminedusers’perceptions about the success of filtering. Users at the Boeing Company participated in a study which collected data throughobservation, verbal protocols, questionnaire, and interviews. Dsts analysis used four levels of relevance to assess the importance,and fkquency of use, of thirken criteria for relevance, and fourteen for non relevance, that are not topics or subject matters. Results showed that perceived precision ratios for tiltered information were higher then the ratios fbr non-falteredinfbrmatiorLbut not significantly and could still be improved even though most respondents were satisfied with these ratios. Developing methods to create and maintain useful profiles, and finding ways to incorporaterelevance as well as non-relevan= criteria into profdes, are neceswuy to improve the performanceof faltering medumisms.
Discriminating Tastes: Uber's Customer Ratings as Vehicles for Workplace Discrimination

Consumer-sourced rating systems are a dominant method of worker evaluation in platform-based work. These systems facilitate the semi-automated management of large, disaggregated workforces, and the rapid growth of service platforms — but may also represent a potential backdoor to employment discrimination. Our paper analyzes the Uber platform as a case study to explore how bias may creep into evaluations of drivers through consumer-sourced rating systems. A good deal of social science research suggests that aggregated consumer ratings are likely to be inflected with biases against members of legally protected groups. While companies are legally prohibited from making employment decisions based on protected characteristics of workers, their reliance on potentially biased consumer ratings to make material determinations may nonetheless lead to disparate impact in employment outcomes. Hence, the mediating role of the rating system opens the door to employment discrimination.We analyze the limitations of current civil rights law to address this issue, and outline a number of operational, legal, and design-based interventions that might assist in so doing. The analysis highlights how innovative work structures challenge traditional legal frameworks, and require creative design, development, operation, and regulation to ensure that they do not facilitate discriminatory outcomes against historically disadvantaged groups.
A novel class of peptide pheromone precursors in ascomycetous fungi

Recently, sexual development in the heterothallic ascomycete Trichoderma reesei (anamorph of Hypocrea jecorina) has been achieved and thus initiated attempts to elucidate regulation and determinants of this process. While the α‐type pheromone of this fungus fits the consensus known from other fungi, the assumed a‐type peptide pheromone precursor shows remarkably unusual characteristics: it comprises three copies of the motif (LI)GC(TS)VM thus constituting a CAAX domain at the C‐terminus and two Kex2‐protease sites. This structure shares characteristics of both a‐ and α‐type peptide pheromone precursors. Presence of hybrid‐type peptide pheromone precursor 1 (hpp1) is essential for male fertility, thus indicating its functionality as a peptide pheromone precursor, while its phosphorylation site is not relevant for this process. However, sexual development in a female fertile background is not perturbed in the absence of hpp1, which rules out a higher order function in this process. Open reading frames encoding proteins with similar characteristics to HPP1 were also found in Fusarium spp. , of which Fusarium solani still retains a putative a‐factor‐like protein, but so far in no other fungal genome available. We therefore propose the novel class of h‐type (hybrid) peptide pheromone precursors with H. jecorina HPP1 as the first member of this class.
Effect of servo control frequency on contour errors in a bi-axial CNC machine

In this paper, the relation between servo control frequency and contour error is studied in a bi-axis CNC machine. The objective is to determine the effect of servo control frequency on the contouring accuracy thereby allowing a proper selection of this frequency depending upon the accuracy required. A mathematical analysis is first carried out using a commonly used dynamic model for a servomotor-driven position feedback control system. This was followed by experimental studies in a mini-CNC machine using both the basic linear and circular contours. The results show that the servo control frequency will have effect on contouring accuracies when very high precision are required, in the order of μm.
Distinct Roles of MicroRNA-1 and -499 in Ventricular Specification and Functional Maturation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes

Background MicroRNAs (miRs) negatively regulate transcription and are important determinants of normal heart development and heart failure pathogenesis. Despite the significant knowledge gained in mouse studies, their functional roles in human (h) heart remain elusive. Methods and Results We hypothesized that miRs that figure prominently in cardiac differentiation are differentially expressed in differentiating, developing, and terminally mature human cardiomyocytes (CMs). As a first step, we mapped the miR profiles of human (h) embryonic stem cells (ESCs), hESC-derived (hE), fetal (hF) and adult (hA) ventricular (V) CMs. 63 miRs were differentially expressed between hESCs and hE-VCMs. Of these, 29, including the miR-302 and -371/372/373 clusters, were associated with pluripotency and uniquely expressed in hESCs. Of the remaining miRs differentially expressed in hE-VCMs, 23 continued to express highly in hF- and hA-VCMs, with miR-1, -133, and -499 displaying the largest fold differences; others such as miR-let-7a, -let-7b, -26b, -125a and -143 were non-cardiac specific. Functionally, LV-miR-499 transduction of hESC-derived cardiovascular progenitors significantly increased the yield of hE-VCMs (to 72% from 48% of control; p<0.05) and contractile protein expression without affecting their electrophysiological properties (p>0.05). By contrast, LV-miR-1 transduction did not bias the yield (p>0.05) but decreased APD and hyperpolarized RMP/MDP in hE-VCMs due to increased Ito, IKs and IKr, and decreased If (p<0.05) as signs of functional maturation. Also, LV-miR-1 but not -499 augmented the immature Ca2+ transient amplitude and kinetics. Molecular pathway analyses were performed for further insights. Conclusion We conclude that miR-1 and -499 play differential roles in cardiac differentiation of hESCs in a context-dependent fashion. While miR-499 promotes ventricular specification of hESCs, miR-1 serves to facilitate electrophysiological maturation.
Fuzzy data modeling based on XML schema

Interest in XML has been growing over the last few years and XML has been the de-facto standard of information representation and exchange over the web. However, the real world is filled with imprecision and uncertainty. Classical databases have been extended to deal with imprecise and uncertain data. In this paper, we investigate how to incorporate fuzzy data into XML. We identify multiple granularity of data fuzziness in XML. Based on possibility distribution theory, we have possibilities associated with elements as well as attribute values of elements in XML. A fuzzy XML data model that addresses all of the fuzziness is developed based on XML Schema.
Sunitinib Indirectly Enhanced Anti-Tumor Cytotoxicity of Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells and CD3+CD56+ Subset through the Co-Culturing Dendritic Cells

Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells have reached clinical trials for leukemia and solid tumors. Their anti-tumor cytotoxicity had earlier been shown to be intensified after the co-culture with dendritic cells (DCs). We observed markedly enhanced anti-tumor cytotoxicity activity of CIK cells after the co-culture with sunitinib-pretreated DCs over that of untreated DCs. This cytotoxicity was reliant upon DC modulation by sunitinib because the direct exposure of CIK cells to sunitinib had no significant effect. Sunitinib promoted Th1-inducing and pro-inflammatory phenotypes (IL-12, IFN-γ and IL-6) in DCs at the expense of Th2 inducing phenotype (IL-13) and regulatory phenotype (PD-L1, IDO). Sunitinib-treated DCs subsequently induced the upregulation of Th1 phenotypic markers (IFN-γ and T-bet) and the downregulation of the Th2 signature (GATA-3) and the Th17 marker (RORC) on the CD3+CD56+ subset of CIK cells. It concluded that sunitinib-pretreated DCs drove the CD3+CD56+ subset toward Th1 phenotype with increased anti-tumor cytotoxicity.
Early fish introduction and neonatal antibiotics affect the risk of asthma into school age

The early introduction of fish has been reported to reduce the risk of wheezing disorder in early childhood, while broad‐spectrum antibiotics in the first week have been associated with an increased risk. However, it is uncertain whether the effects remain into school age. The aim was to explore these risk factors for doctor‐diagnosed asthma at 8 years.
HAT-P-1b: A Large-Radius, Low-Density Exoplanet Transiting One Member of a Stellar Binary

Using small automated telescopes in Arizona and Hawaii, the HATNet project has detected an object transiting one member of the double star system ADS 16402. This system is a pair of G0 main-sequence stars with age about 3 Gyr at a distance of ~139 pc and projected separation of ~1550 AU. The transit signal has a period of 4.46529 days and depth of 0.015 mag. From follow-up photometry and spectroscopy, we find that the object is a "hot Jupiter" planet with mass about 0.53MJ and radius ~1.36RJ traveling in an orbit with semimajor axis 0.055 AU and inclination about 85.9°, thus transiting the star at impact parameter 0.74 of the stellar radius. Based on a data set spanning 3 yr, ephemerides for the transit center are TC = 2453984.397 + Ntr × 4.46529. The planet, designated HAT-P-1b, appears to be at least as large in radius, and smaller in mean density, than any previously known planet.
Combined Visualization of Wall Thickness and Wall Shear Stress for the Evaluation of Aneurysms

For an individual rupture risk assessment of aneurysms, the aneurysm's wall morphology and hemodynamics provide valuable information. Hemodynamic information is usually extracted via computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation on a previously extracted 3D aneurysm surface mesh or directly measured with 4D phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. In contrast, a noninvasive imaging technique that depicts the aneurysm wall in vivo is still not available. Our approach comprises an experiment, where intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is employed to probe a dissected saccular aneurysm phantom, which we modeled from a porcine kidney artery. Then, we extracted a 3D surface mesh to gain the vessel wall thickness and hemodynamic information from a CFD simulation. Building on this, we developed a framework that depicts the inner and outer aneurysm wall with dedicated information about local thickness via distance ribbons. For both walls, a shading is adapted such that the inner wall as well as its distance to the outer wall is always perceivable. The exploration of the wall is further improved by combining it with hemodynamic information from the CFD simulation. Hence, the visual analysis comprises a brushing and linking concept for individual highlighting of pathologic areas. Also, a surface clustering is integrated to provide an automatic division of different aneurysm parts combined with a risk score depending on wall thickness and hemodynamic information. In general, our approach can be employed for vessel visualization purposes where an inner and outer wall has to be adequately represented.
Riemann surfaces, ribbon graphs and combinatorial classes

This survey paper begins with the description of the duality between arc systems and ribbon graphs embedded in a punctured surface. Then we explain how to cellularize the moduli space of curves in two different ways: using Jenkins-Strebel differentials and using hyperbolic geometry. We also briefly discuss how these two methods are related. Next, we recall the definition of Witten cycles and we illustrate their connection with tautological classes and Weil-Petersson geometry. Finally, we exhibit a simple direct argument to prove that Witten classes are stable.
Design of Actor based Worm Modeling System Using DML

Typical worm simulators analyze and model specific worm to simulate the worm's propagation effect. But those simulators are hard to simulate the variants of the worm and other worms that have different features. In this paper, we attempt to construct a worm taxonomy based on five steps; target discovery, vulnerability exploit, code transfer, activation and payload execution. Each step is composed of several actions called actors. Actor can be explained as a unit function module of a worm. By dividing a worm's propagation cycle into five steps, a worm can be expressed with several actors which belong to each step. To simulate a worm with SSFNet, simulation model must be expressed with DML code. DML is used to describe the network model for SSFNet. In this paper, we describe blaster worm and sasser worm with our proposed actors using DML code.
Adapting web sites by spreading activation in ontologies

In this paper we introduce SPREADR, a model-based technique for creating context-adaptive web applications. In this approach, the domain knowledge as well as context factors are represented by an ontology. Context factors depend on the application domain and may include location, time, user role, weather or any other relevant context information, often information which can automatically be sensed. Both domain objects and context factors are treated as concepts or instances in the ontology, which can be linked to each other, thus forming a semantic network. In addition to this representation, we introduce scalar activation levels for concepts as well as weights for relations. Concept activation represents the level of user interest whereas activation of context factors can be seen as the level of fulfilment based on some measurement. The structure of the semantic network remains the same for each user while activation levels may differ. Recognition of context factors or user actions trigger an activation flow through the network, thus increasing the activation of contextually important nodes. Relations are associated with different weights resulting in different amounts of activation spreading along different relations. The resulting spreading activation network can be used both for generating a web site as well as for controlling the adaptive behaviour of the system. Adaptation may include effects such as sorting navigation items by relevance, showing or hiding information depending on the activation value and highlighting or recommending important items. The system is also able to learn user preferences through implicit feedback. We present a demonstrator application as well as initial evaluation results.