Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and factors associated with frailty in older adults from the Kenyan coast

Background: The burden and determinants of frailty in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are largely unknown despite a rapidly aging population in the region. To address the gap in Kenya, we: a) determined the prevalence of frailty among older adults living with HIV (OALWH) and compared to their uninfected peers; b) investigated HIV status as an independent predictor of frailty in the older adults; c) investigated the correlates of frailty in these adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2020 and 2021 at the Kenyan coast among 440 older adults aged ≥ 50 years (257 OALWH). Frailty was assessed using the Reported Edmonton Frail Scale, which comprises nine domains of frailty, including cognition, general health status, functional independence, social support, medication use, nutrition, mood, continence, and self-reported functional performance. We also collected biopsychosocial information from the respondents. Logistic regression was used to examine the correlates of frailty. Results: The prevalence of frailty was signi�cantly higher among OALWH (24%) compared to their uninfected peers (13%), p<0.01. However, after adjusting for biopsychosocial factors, HIV seropositivity was not independently associated with frailty. Among OALWH, sleeping di�culties, ageism, higher waist/hip ratio, visiting traditional healers, a history of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) regimen change/interruption and prolonged illness following HIV diagnosis were signi�cantly associated with higher odds of frailty. Residing in larger households, higher household income, having a social network of friends, and light physical activities were signi�cantly associated with reduced odds of frailty. Among HIV uninfected older adults, sleeping di�culties, self-reported diabetes and light physical activities were signi�cantly associated with elevated odds of frailty, while being male was signi�cantly associated with reduced odds of frailty. Conclusions: The prevalence of frailty is elevated among older adults living with HIV when compared to their uninfected peers; however, factors other than HIV are predominant, particularly psychosocial factors. Our �ndings provide the
Signature and hydrologic consequences of climate change within the upper–middle Brahmaputra Basin

A prevailing perception is that the glaciers and perennial snow and ice covered areas (SCAP) or in the Himalayan region are fast contracting. However, systematic studies providing the quantitative estimates of SCAP as a function of time within individual river basins are lacking. The importance of meltwater in river flows varies greatly from one river basin to another, yet the actual estimates of those contributions are largely unknown. This study bridges such knowledge gaps for the upper–middle Brahmaputra Basin by using best available digital cartographic and remotely sensed snow cover data. We find that when the entire basin is considered, SCAP decreased from 7637 ± 764 in 1980 to 4298 ± 1422 km2 in 1992. However, it has increased to 7160 ± 2248 km2 in 2000. From 2000 to 2010, the SCAP has remained nearly constant around a mean of 10 052 ± 1468 km2. The same trend is observed within individual physiographic zones of the basin. Such increase in SCAP is due to the increase in the precipitation over the middle Brahmaputra Basin and the Nyainquentanglha Mountains, as observed in station records. The incursion of moist air through the Brahmaputra valley to the higher elevations within the Nyainquentanglha Mountains causes snowfall during pre‐monsoonal and post‐monsoonal seasons and an expansion of the SCAP. Glacial expansions in the Nyainquentanglha Mountains have also been observed in other recent studies. In addition to the increase in precipitation and SCAP, another manifestation of climate change observed in this basin is the increasing temperature with a mean annual trend of +0.28 °C/decade. The hydrologic consequences of the observed effects of climate change are expected to be an insignificant change in streamflows in the watersheds drained by the upper Brahmaputra River but a perceptible increase in river discharges in the watersheds drained by the middle Brahmaputra River and its tributaries, particularly within the upper and lower catchments of the middle Brahmaputra Basin. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of Heterogeneity Statistics for Hydrological Regional Frequency Analysis

Estimating precipitation frequency is important in engineering, agriculture, land use planning, and many other disciplines. The index flood method alleviates small sample size issues due to short record length by calculating normalized quantile estimates for averaged data from a “region” of gauges. For a perfectly homogeneous region this adds no error; heterogeneity statistics seek to quantify a real-world region’s deviation from this assumption. Hosking and Wallis (1997) introduced a Monte Carlo heterogeneity statistic called here H1 and used a simulation study to assess its utility while rejecting two similar statistics called here H2 and H3. A nearly linear relationship was found between H1 and the percentage root mean square error (RMSE) increase due to heterogeneity, establishing H1 as a “reasonable proxy” of quantile error. The H1-percent RMSE added relationship found in the simulation experiment was used to find equivalent RMSEs for heterogeneity thresholds against which all three H statistics were tested. In this study the “reasonable proxy” relationship is evaluated across a highly skewed daily precipitation dataset in Minnesota for H1, H2, and H3. Simulated regions used in quantile error estimation are generated using at-site L-moment ratios scaled toward the regional mean with a shrinkage
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine

Background and Objective: There is an increasing demand to establish integrated computational models that facilitate the exploration of coronary circulation in physiological and pathological contexts, particularly concerning interactions between coronary ﬂow dynamics and myocardial motion. The ﬁeld of cardiology has also demonstrated a trend toward personalised medicine, where these integrated models can be instrumental in integrating patient-speciﬁc data to improve therapeutic outcomes. Notably, incorporating a structured-tree model into such integrated models is currently absent in the literature, which presents a promising prospect. Thus, the goal here is to develop a novel computational framework that combines a 1D structured-tree model of coronary ﬂow in human coronary vasculature with a 3D left ventricle model utilising a hyperelastic constitutive law, enabling the physiologically accurate simulation of coronary ﬂow dynamics. Methods: We adopted detailed geometric information from previous studies of both coronary vasculature and left ventricle to construct the coronary ﬂow model and the left ventricle model. The structured-tree model for coronary ﬂow was expanded to encompass the eﬀect of time-varying intramyocardial pressure on intramyocardial blood vessels. Simultaneously, the left ventricle model served as a robust foundation for the calculation of intramyocardial pressure and subsequent quantitative evaluation of myocardial perfusion. A one-way coupling framework between the two models was established to enable the evaluation and examination of coronary ﬂow dynamics and myocardial perfusion. Results: Our predicted coronary ﬂow waveforms aligned well with published experimental data. Our model precisely captured the phasic pattern of coronary ﬂow, including impeded or even reversed ﬂow during systole. Moreover, our assessment of coronary ﬂow, considering both globally and regionally averaged intramyocardial pressure, demonstrated that elevated intramyocardial pressure corresponds to increased impeding eﬀects on coronary ﬂow. Furthermore, myocardial blood ﬂow simulated from our model was comparable with MRI perfusion data at rest, showcasing the capability of our model to predict myocardial perfusion. Conclusions: The integrated model introduced in this study presents a novel approach to achieving physiologically accurate simulations of coronary ﬂow and myocardial perfusion. It holds promise for its clinical applicability in diagnosing insuﬃcient myocardial perfusion.
Estimation of Seismicity Parameters for India

India has long been affected by damaging earthquakes. The recent Khillari (30 September 1993), Jabalpur (22 May 1997), Chamoli (29 March 1999), and Bhuj (26 January 2001) earthquakes have increased awareness of the need for earthquake disaster mitigation in India. The Khillari, Jabalpur, a Bhuj earthquakes, which caused severe damage to life and property, occurred in peninsular India, which is traditionally considered free from earthquakes. Thus, no part of India is free from seismic hazard. The approach of seismic hazard estimation in India has been to follow the code IS-1893 (2002) brought out by the Bureau of Indian Standards. The code divides this vast country of some three million square meters into four zones. The hazard level is specified in terms of a standard response spectrum shape scaled by the zone factor, which is the expected peak ground acceleration (PGA) value. This PGA value is fixed as 0.1g (Zone II), 0.16 g (Zone III), 0.24 g (Zone IV), and 0.36 g (Zone V). These values have been fixed based on the observed damage patterns of past earthquakes. As is well documented, the Indian subcontinent suffers from interplate as well as intraplate earthquakes. The geological disposition of the faults and the seismogenicity of the southern part of India is much different from that in the Gangetic plain and the Himalayan region (Figure 1). The Geological Survey of India (GSI 2000) brought out a detailed Seismotectonic Atlas of India , which indicates that at any point 20–25 faults could be contributing to ground motion. Thus, it would be preferable to assess the future hazard at a city or a project site in a better fashion than just taking the PGA values of IS-1893. Moreover, the code does not specify the confidence levels associated with the four zonal values (Raghukanth and Iyengar 2006 …
Winter/Spring Population Characteristics of White-Tailed Deer in an Agricultural/Wetland Complex in Northeastern South Dakota

WINTER/SPRING POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS OF WHITE-TAILED DEER IN AN AGRICULTURAL/WETLAND COMPLEX IN NORTHEASTERN SOUTH DAKOTA Brian J. Kernohan November 1994 v Habitat preference, cover characteristics of corn, movements, and sexual segregation patterns of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were evaluated at Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge (SLNWR) in winter (January March) and spring (April June), 1993 and 1994. An average of 20 radio-collared deer were monitored per season, which resulted in 4, 058 relocations. Habitat preference was assessed using 95 and 50% home range contours that were estimated using an adaptive kernel method. Agricultural crops (i.e., corn [Zea mays], row crops other than corn [e.g., soybeans [Glycine max]], small grains [e. g., wheat [Triticum aestivum]], and alfalfa [Medicago sativa]) were generally preferred in winter within the 95% home range; whereas, treebelts and dense-cover grasslands were preferred within the 50% core area. Corn, row crops other than corn, treebelts, and brome-dominated grasslands were preferred within the 95% home range in spring. Within the 50% core �rea, alfalfa and treebelts were preferred. Although agricultural crops were generally preferred on SLNWR,
Measuring the velocity of sand particles in an air/particle two-phase flow: A comparison of several commonly used methods

The velocity of blown sand particles is an important parameter in aeolian movement (a special case of gas particle two-phase flow) and has ever been a topic of interest. At present, several techniques have been applied in measuring velocity of the blown sand particles. This paper reviews the measurement results of several commonly used methods: photoelectric cell method, high-speed photographic method, Particle Dynamics Analyzer (PDA) method and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) method. Photoelectric cell method, high-speed photograph method and PDA method are useful in studying the velocity distribution of particles. PIV is a whole-flow-field technique and a useful tool to study the average velocity field in a target area. These methods got some similar results but considerable differences also exist. They have come to similar conclusions on the velocity distributions at a single height but direct measurement results with respect to the velocity distribution very close to the surface are still scarce except some PDA results. The magnitude of measured mean particle velocity differs greatly. The relationship obtained by different methods between mean particle velocity and wind velocity, particle size and possibly other influencing factors also differs considerably. Although several authors have proposed similar power functions to describe the variation with height of the mean particle velocity, the predicted results have wide differences. Each technique is based on some unique principles, and has its advantages and disadvantages. To make full use of different techniques, a lot of work needs be done to validate them. Developing a reliable technique
Cataclastic slip band distribution in normal fault damage zones, Nubian sandstones, Suez rift

[1] In this paper, we characterize the geometry of damage zones that form around the main slip planes of normal faults. Specifically, we examine five faults of varying throws that affect the Nubian sandstones along the Suez rift. To quantify the density of cataclastic slip bands (CSBs) associated with the main slip plane, we recorded the position of all visible CSBs along a scan line perpendicular to the fault through to the damage zone. For each outcrop the scan line record is ∼30 m long. Resulting density diagrams display concentrations of CSBs and clearly indicate a widening of the damage zone with increasing throw. A correlation integral was calculated for each CSB population in order to analyze both the scaling property of the density distribution and potential correlation lengths. From centimeter to meter scale, representing 2 orders of magnitude, the correlation integral appears adequately modeled by a power law, emphasizing the fractal property for the CSB distribution. For the five faults the calculated correlation dimension is constant within its error of determination, Dc = 0.87 ± 0.05. The validity range of the fractal nature was derived from an adequate normalization of the correlation integral and from a comparison with synthetic fractal fracture networks. It appears that a finite correlation length corresponding to the damage zone width is detectable for meter-scale throws; for larger throws the correlation length is not detectable within the sampling domain.
Framework : A specifiable-domain multilingual Question nswering architecture

This paper presents the QALL-ME Framework, a reusable architecture for building multiand crosslingual Question Answering (QA) systems working on structured data modelled by an ontology. It is released as free open source software with a set of demo components and extensive documentation, which makes it easy to use and adapt. The main characteristics of the QALL-ME Framework are: (i) its
Investigating the Factors Affecting Energy Consumption in the Iranian Agricultural Sector Using Parametric and Nonparametric Methods

In order to study energy consumption in Iran's agricultural sector, a Genetic algorithm concept was used to calculate significant factors affecting energy consumption between 1974 and 2008. Then, durability or "stability" of variables was assessed through econometric method (Augmented Dickey-Fuller test). In addition, long-term and short-term relationships of energy consumption were estimated using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Results of this study reveal that intensity of energy consumption variables in agricultural sector and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) are of great importance and have a considerable impact on energy consumption in agricultural sector of Iran. Therefore, these factors can be beneficial for policies of energy consumption conservation in agriculture sector.
Turbulent Vertical Kinetic Energy in the Ocean Mixed Layer

Abstract Vertical velocities in the ocean boundary layer were measured for two weeks at an open ocean, wintertime site using neutrally buoyant floats. Simultaneous measurements of the surface meteorology and surface waves showed a large variability in both wind and wave properties and only weak correlations between them. Buoyancy forcing was weak. The mean square vertical velocity in the boundary layer σ2w measured from the vertical motion of the floats was proportional to the squared friction velocity u2∗ estimated from shipboard meteorological measurements using bulk formulas. Thus σ2w = Au2∗ (the rate of momentum transport from the atmosphere to the ocean is ρu2∗, where ρ is the density of the water). The deviations from this relation can be attributed entirely to statistical variation and measurement error. The measured values of σ2w were corrected for measurement biases and the nonturbulent contributions of internal waves. The value of the turbulent part of A is 1.75–2 times that measured in laborato.
Biological science learning model based on Turgo’s local wisdom on managing biodiversity

Local wisdom as product of local knowledge has been giving a local context in science development. Local wisdom is important to connect scientific theories and local conditions; hence science could be accessed by common people. Using local wisdom as a model for learning science enables students to build contextual learning, hence learning science becomes more meaningful and becomes more accessible for students in a local community. Based on this consideration, therefore, this research developed a model for learning biology based on Turgo’s local wisdom on managing biodiversity. For this purpose, Turgo’s biodiversity was mapped, and any local values that are co-existing with the biodiversity were recorded. All of these informations were, then, used as a hypohetical model for developing materials for teaching biology in a senior high school adjacent to Turgo. This research employed a qualitative method. We combined questionnaries, interviews and observation to gather the data. We found that Turgo community has been practicing local wisdom on using traditional plants for many uses, including land management and practicing rituals and traditional ceremonies. There were local values that they embrace which enable them to manage the nature wisely. After being cross-referenced with literature regarding educational philoshophy, educational theories and teachings, and biology curriculum for Indonesia’s senior high school, we concluded that Turgo’s local wisdom on managing biodiversity can be recommended to be used as learning materials and sources for biological learning in schools.
Membrane protein insertases of the YidC/Oxa1/Alb3 protein family

Members of the YidC/Oxa1/Alb3 protein family mediate membrane protein insertion, and this process is initiated by the assembly of YidC:ribosome nascent chain complexes at the inner leaflet of the lipid bilayer. The positively charged C terminus of Escherichia coli YidC plays a significant role in ribosome binding but is not the sole determinant because deletion does not completely abrogate ribosome binding. The positively charged cytosolic loops C1 and C2 of YidC may provide additional docking sites. We performed systematic sequential deletions within these cytosolic domains and studied their effect on the YidC insertase activity and interaction with translation-stalled (programmed) ribosome. Deletions within loop C1 strongly affected the activity of YidC in vivo but did not influence ribosome binding or substrate insertion, whereas loop C2 appeared to be involved in ribosome binding. Combining the latter deletion with the removal of the C terminus of YidC abolished YidC-mediated insertion. We propose that these two regions play an crucial role in the formation and stabilization of an active YidC: ribosome nascent chain complex, allowing for co-translational membrane insertion, whereas loop C1 may be involved in the downstream chaperone activity of YidC or in other protein-protein interactions.
The Aquila Digital Community The Aquila Digital Community

Limited by the spatial resolution of optical microscopy, direct detection or counting of single components in biological complexes or nanoparticles is challenging, especially for RNA, which is conformationally versatile and structurally flexible. We report here the assembly of a customized single-molecule dual-viewing total internal reflection fluorescence imaging system for direct counting of RNA building blocks. The RNA molecules were labeled with a single fluorophore by in vitro transcription in the presence of a fluorescent AMP. Precise calculation of identical or mixed pRNA building blocks of one, two, three, or six copies within the bacteriophage phi29 DNA packaging motor or other complexes was demonstrated by applying a photobleaching assay and evaluated by binomial distribution. The dual-viewing system for excitation and recording at different wavelengths simultaneously will enable the differentiation of different complexes with different labels or relative motion of each labeled component in motion machines.
The influence of temperature and precipitation climate regimes on vegetation dynamics in the US Great Plains: a satellite bioclimatology case study

Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)‐derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data are widely used in global‐change research, yet relationships between the NDVI and ecoclimatological variables are not fully understood. This study attempts to model climate‐driven vegetation dynamics through the integration of satellite‐derived NDVI data with climate data collected from ground‐based meteorological stations in the US Great Plains. Monthly maximum value composites of NDVI data (8‐km resolution) and monthly temperature and precipitation records from 305 stations were collected from 1982 to 2001. Analyses involving deseasonalized datasets supported temperature as the dominant climate regime, demonstrating a higher average NDVI–temperature correlation (r = 0.73) than the NDVI–precipitation relationship (r = 0.38). Cluster analysis was used to develop a climate regionalization scheme based primarily on temperature, and NDVI characteristics of each subregion were compared. In the context of global climate change, findings from this study emphasize the influence of temperature and precipitation variability over vegetation cover in the Great Plains region.