Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Post-traumatic stress disorder and its associated factors among war-affected residents in Woldia town, North East Ethiopia, 2022; community based cross-sectional study

Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder is marked by increased stress and anxiety following exposure to a traumatic or stressful event. Events of conflict and war-related traumas were commonly reported situations and people who have undergone through have a higher tendency to develop PTSD Woldia town had been under a serious military surge and a five-month encroachment, so the expected destruction in property, impact on physical, social and mental health of civilians was potentially high. More importantly, there is no study that investigated the significance of association between war-related traumatic events and post-traumatic stress disorder in the area. so this study aims to assess prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and its associated factors among war-affected residents in Woldia town, North East Ethiopia, 2022. Method A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed by using a multi-stage systematic random sampling technique from May-15 to June-15/2022. A total of 609 participants were enrolled. PTSD was measured by the post-traumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Data were entered by Epi data version 4.6. 0.2 and analyzed using STATA version 14. Bivariable and Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify associated factors to PTSD and P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The overall prevalence of PTSD was 56.28%. Destruction/looting of property (AOR = 1.6,95%CI,1.11–2.47), murder/injury of family member (AOR = 2.1,95% CI,1.37–3.22), witness of murder of family member/others (AOR = 1.6,95% CI,1.01–2.71), unlawful imprisonment (AOR = 1.7, 95%CI, 1.06–2.74), depression (AOR = 2, 95%CI, 1.37–2.93), anxiety (AOR = 3.3, 95%CI,2.26–4.97), experience trauma on themselves (AOR = 2.0,95%CI,1.22–3.58), poor (AOR = 3.1,95%CI,1.60–6.04) and moderate (AOR = 3.0, 95%CI, 1.56–5.87) social support were statistically associated with PTSD at a p-value < 0.05. Conclusion The study reveals that the prevalence of PTSD was high in Woldia town following an armed conflict between Federal Government and Tigray forces. Destruction/looting of property, murder/injury of family, witness murder of family/others, unlawful imprisonment, depression, anxiety, experience on themselves, poor and moderate social support were statistically associated with PTSD. Hence, encourage organization working on mental health, routine patient assessment with a history of trauma, facilitating means to support affected residents is recommended.
The effect of iron on the biodegradation of natural dissolved organic matter

Iron (Fe) may alter the biodegradation of dissolved organic matter (DOM), by interacting with DOM, phosphorus (P), and microbes. We isolated DOM and a bacterial community from boreal lake water and examined bacterial growth on DOM in laboratory experiments. Fe was introduced either together with DOM (DOM‐Fe) or into bacterial suspension, which led to the formation of insoluble Fe precipitates on bacterial surfaces (Fe coating). In the latter case, the density of planktonic bacteria was an order of magnitude lower than that in the corresponding treatment without introduced Fe. The association of Fe with DOM decreased bacterial growth, respiration, and growth efficiency compared with DOM alone at the ambient concentration of dissolved P (0.16 µmol L−1), indicating that DOM‐associated Fe limited the bioavailability of P. Under a high concentration (21 µmol L−1) of P, bacterial biomass and respiration were similar or several times higher in the treatment where DOM was associated with Fe than in a corresponding treatment without Fe. Based on the next generation sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, Caulobacter dominated bacterial communities grown on DOM‐Fe. This study demonstrated that association of Fe with a bacterial surface or P reduces bacterial growth and the consumption of DOM. In contrast, DOM‐Fe is bioavailable and bound Fe can even stimulate bacterial growth on DOM when P is not limiting.
Multimodal MRI-based radiomic nomogram for predicting telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutation in IDH-wildtype histological lower-grade gliomas

The presence of TERTp mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype (IDHwt) histologically lower-grade glioma (LGA) has been linked to a poor prognosis. In this study, we aimed to develop and validate a radiomic nomogram based on multimodal MRI for predicting TERTp mutations in IDHwt LGA. One hundred and nine IDH wildtype glioma patients (TERTp-mutant, 78; TERTp-wildtype, 31) with clinical, radiomic, and molecular information were collected and randomly divided into training and validation set. Clinical model, fusion radiomic model, and combined radiomic nomogram were constructed for the discrimination. Radiomic features were screened with 3 algorithms (Wilcoxon rank sum test, elastic net, and the recursive feature elimination) and the clinical characteristics of combined radiomic nomogram were screened by the Akaike information criterion. Finally, receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve, Hosmer–Lemeshow test, and decision curve analysis were utilized to assess these models. Fusion radiomic model with 4 radiomic features achieved an area under the curve value of 0.876 and 0.845 in the training and validation set. And, the combined radiomic nomogram achieved area under the curve value of 0.897 (training set) and 0.882 (validation set). Above that, calibration curve and Hosmer–Lemeshow test showed that the radiomic model and combined radiomic nomogram had good agreement between observations and predictions in the training set and the validation set. Finally, the decision curve analysis revealed that the 2 models had good clinical usefulness for the prediction of TERTp mutation status in IDHwt LGA. The combined radiomics nomogram performed great performance and high sensitivity in prediction of TERTp mutation status in IDHwt LGA, and has good clinical application.
Prevalence of indeterminate tuberculosis interferon‐gamma release assays in COVID‐19 patients: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

The reliability of interferon‐gamma‐release‐assays (IGRAs) for tuberculosis (TB) testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients is unknown. This study aimed to systematically review the prevalence of indeterminate TB‐IGRA following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or vaccination and to review associated factors.
Assessing the Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Brief-mentalized Affectivity Scale

Objectives Despite the increasing importance of emotion regulation, there are limited scales for its assessment. Mentalized affectivity theory proposes a novel perspective on emotion regulation. This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of briefmentalized affectivity scale (B-MAS). Methods This is a descriptive psychometrics study. Participants were 414 students from Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran University, and Shahid Beheshti University in the academic year 2022-2023, who were selected by a convenience sampling method. They completed the Persian versions of B-MAS, ten-item personality inventory (TIPI), satisfaction with life scale (SWLS), Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), and difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS). Construct validity was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Convergent and divergent validity were assessed by the Pearson correlation test. Internal consistency (using Cronbach’s α), test re-test reliability, and composite reliability were also evaluated. Results The CFA results confirmed the three-factor solution (identifying, processing, and expressing) and showed the good fit of the model. The significant correlation of the Persian B-MAS score with the BAI, TIPI, SWLS, and DER scores confirmed its convergent and divergent validity. Cronbach’s α for the three factors was from 0.86 to 0.88. Test re-test reliability for the three factors was from 0.75 to 0.80. Composite reliability was from 0.79 to 0.82. Conclusion The Persian version of B-MAS with three subscales has acceptable validity (construct, convergent, divergent) and reliability for psychological studies on the Iranian population.
Participatory research with carers: A systematic review and narrative synthesis

Abstract Introduction As patient and public involvement (PPI) in research has become increasingly common, research‐based recommendations on its principles and impacts have been established. The specifics of conducting PPI are likely to differ when involving different groups. Family/informal carers for those with health conditions or disabilities have a lot to contribute to research, but instances of their involvement have yet to be reviewed. Objective To systematically review and synthesize studies where family/informal carers have been involved in the research process, to develop an understanding of the benefits, barriers and facilitating factors. Methods A search of five electronic databases was conducted using a combination of terms relating to carers, involvement and research. A grey literature search, expert consultation and hand‐searching were also used. Following screening, data extraction and quality assessment, a narrative synthesis incorporating thematic analysis was conducted. Findings A total of 55 studies met the inclusion criteria, with diverse design and participatory approaches. Four themes were identified, relating to the outcomes, challenges, and practicalities of involving carers: (re) building relationships with carers; carers as equals not afterthoughts; carers have unique experiences; carers create change. Full involvement throughout the research was not always possible, due to barriers from the research world and responsibilities of the caring role. The literature demonstrated ways for carers to contribute in ways that suited them, maximizing their impact, while attending to relationships and power imbalances. Conclusion By summarizing the reported instances of carer involvement in research, this review brings together different examples of how successful research partnerships can be built with carers, despite various challenges. Carers are a heterogeneous group, and participatory approaches should be tailored to specific situations. Wider understanding of the challenges of conducting empowering research with carers, and the resources required to address these, are needed. Patient and Public Involvement The initial findings and themes were presented to a group of carers who had been involved in research and whose reflections informed the final synthesis.
Genealogical Analyses of 3 Cultivated and 1 Wild Specimen of Vitis vinifera from Greece

Abstract Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) has been an important crop with considerable cultural and economic significance for over 2,500 years, and Greece has been an important entry point into Europe for lineages that were domesticated in Western Asia and the Caucasus. However, whole-genome-based investigation of the demographic history of Greek cultivars relative to other European lineages has only started recently. To understand how Greek cultivars relate to Eurasian domesticated and wild populations, we sequenced 3 iconic domesticated strains (‘Xinomavro,’ ‘Agiorgitiko,’ ‘Mavrotragano’) along with 1 wild accession (the vinetree of Pausanias—a historically important wild specimen) and analyzed their genomic diversity together with a large sample of publicly available domesticated and wild strains. We also reconstructed genealogies by leveraging the powerful tsinfer methodology which has not previously been used in this system. We show that cultivated strains from Greece differ genetically from other strains in Europe. Interestingly, all the 3 cultivated Greek strains clustered with cultivated and wild accessions from Transcaucasia, South Asia, and the Levant and are amongst the very few cultivated European strains belonging to this cluster. Furthermore, our results indicate that ‘Xinomavro’ shares close genealogical proximity with European elite cultivars such as ‘Chardonnay,’ ‘Riesling,’ and ‘Gamay’ but not ‘Pinot. ’ Therefore, the proximity of ‘Xinomavro’ to Gouais/Heunisch Weiss is confirmed and the utility of ancestral recombination graph reconstruction approaches to study genealogical relationships in crops is highlighted.
Thermochronometric evidence for diffuse extension and two‐phase rifting within the Central Arabian Margin of the Red Sea Rift

Numerical time‐temperature models derived from a 2‐D network of apatite and zircon (U‐Th)/He ages reveal a three‐stage thermotectonic history for the central Arabian rift flank (CARF) of the Red Sea Rift (RSR) system. The pre‐rift Arabian‐Nubian Shield existed as part of a passive Paleo‐Tethyan margin until a widespread tectonic event at ~350 Ma exhumed the proto‐CARF to mid‐to‐upper crustal structural levels. After remaining thermally stable through the Mesozoic, the first phase of RSR extension began with a distinct rift pulse at ~23 Ma when fault blocks across a 150 km wide area were exhumed along a diffuse set of rift‐parallel faults from an average pre‐rift flank depth of 1.7 ± 0.8 km. This rift onset age is mirrored in thermochronometric and sequence stratigraphic analyses elsewhere along the Red Sea Nubian and Arabian margins, confirming that rifting occurred concomitantly along the full Red Sea‐Gulf of Suez rift system. Diffuse lithospheric extension lasted for 8 Myr before a second rift pulse at ~15 Ma, coincident with regional stress realignment, transferred active faulting basinward toward the modern RSR axial trough. CARF time‐temperature models indicate that the prevalent rift style during both RSR extensional phases was one of localized, structurally controlled block faulting and contemporaneous dike injection, not wholesale rift flank uplift.
Evaluation of Seismic Vulnerability of Buildings Based on Damage Survey Data from the 2007 Pisco, Peru Earthquake

The seismic vulnerability of buildings located in Pisco, Peru, was studied using damage survey data and seismic ground motion simulation. Inventory and damage information for more than 10,000 buildings was registered in survey data compiled by CISMID at Peru’s National University of Engineering. The soil classes in the Pisco district were classified into three zones based on the predominant periods of microtremors at 85 sites, and damage ratios were calculated for each zone. Surface ground motions in each zone were estimated on the basis of base-rock motion simulation and shallow soil-column response analysis. Finally, fragility curves for adobe and brick masonry buildings were derived in terms of PGA and PGV. The results were compared with fragility functions developed in other studies.
Safety and efficacy of the feed additive Anpro consisting of a mixture of Sepiolite and Kieselguhr (diatomaceous earth) for all terrestrial animal species (Anpario plc)

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of the mixture of Sepiolite and Kieselguhr (diatomaceous earth) (Anpro) as a technological feed additive for all terrestrial animal species. According to the conventional risk assessment, due to lack of adequate data, the safety of the additive Anpro for the target species cannot be established. Based on current knowledge, there is no indication of substantial absorption of the components of the additive and therefore no concern for the consumer. The additive poses a risk by inhalation. It is not irritant to the skin or eyes but should be considered as skin sensitiser. As no suitable data in line with the requirements of the Guidance on risk assessment of nanomaterials were provided by the applicant, the potential risks associated with the presence of nanoparticles could not be assessed for the target species, the consumer and the user. The additive is safe for the environment. The FEEDAP Panel is not in the position to conclude on the efficacy of the additive for all terrestrial animal species.
Corticosteroids for COVID-19-induced olfactory dysfunction: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background Olfactory dysfunction is a common manifestation in COVID-19 patients and can significantly impact their quality of life. Corticosteroids have been proposed as a potential treatment, but their efficacy remains controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to comprehensively analyze the efficacy of corticosteroid therapy for treating COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction. Methods A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases up to March 1, 2023. Randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of corticosteroids on olfactory dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 were included. The primary outcome was the olfactory score at the end of follow-up, and the secondary outcomes were the duration and the rate of recovery from olfactory dysfunction. Results Seven randomized controlled trials with 999 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, corticosteroid treatment resulted in a statistically significant improvement in olfactory score with a standardized mean difference of 0.55 (95% CI: 0.15 to 0.95). Topical corticosteroids were found to be effective, but systemic corticosteroids were not. In addition, longer durations and higher dosages of corticosteroids treatment may also be associated with significant improvements in olfactory scores. No significant effect was observed on the duration or recovery rate of olfactory dysfunction. Conclusions Our findings suggest that topical corticosteroid treatment is a viable option for improving COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction, but further research is needed to investigate optimal treatment protocols and safety profiles.
Developing Educational Cartography: Pupils criteria forselecting a school atlas

Atlas plays an important role in geography education. It enhances pupils orientation skills (among others by means of index), it graphically presents relationships and connections of phenomena and processes in regions as well as their comparison and also teaches how to interpret and evaluate information conveyed by the language of the map. Atlases are mostly researched in the context of childrens ability to read, interpret and use maps, eventually to explore childrens spatial thinking. However it was found that some maps are inadequate for pupils:there is an excessive amount of text, the use of colours is not clear, maps are too small etc. All of the above make it difficult for pupils to interpret the depicted phenomena. For both geographers and geography teachers in the future it is necessary to produce attractive educational media: especially attractive from the pupils point of view. Geography keeps disposal criteria for the school atlases selection. These criteria are mostly based on expert assessments. But what criteria do pupils prefer when selecting a school atlas? To answer this we employed the method of structured individual interview with 120 lower secondary pupils in which we discussed four atlases published by different publishing houses. The research results show what directions geographers, teachers and atlas publishers should follow in the future in geography education.
Experimental determination of the mass deposition flux of mineral dust at the Cape Verde Islands

The input of mineral dust to the oceans, via dry or wet deposition, is an important process, because the entrainment of nutrients (e.g., Nitrate, Phosphor and Iron) is essential for oceanic life such as phytoplankton. A lot of effort has been done to model the dust deposition fluxes to the ocean. However, field measurements concerning the deposition flux are sparse. Therefore, those measurements are needed in order to verify the huge amount of model outputs and to better understand the mineral dust cycle. Within the project SOPRAN (Surface Ocean PRocesses in the ANthropocene), the influence of material exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean is investigated. Measurements were carried out at the Cape Verde Islands in the direct outflow of the Saharan Desert. This study presents the first in-situ measurements of the dry mass deposition flux of mineral dust to the ocean. The applicability of different methods was tested and the results were compared to each other. The results of the measured data were comparable and a set of quality assured data could be built up. Those results were compared to the output of a regional chemistrytransport model. The modeled mass deposition flux was sometimes double as high as the measured one. The main uncertainty of the models is the emission of mineral dust at the source region, proceeding in the transport and emission of mineral dust. Furthermore, comparing single point measurements with outputs of a grid cell leads to differences in deposition fluxes by an inhomogeneous distribution of the mineral dust layer. Summarizing, the measurements of the mass deposition flux of mineral dust could be performed successfully with several methods. With the expertise of this study, longterm observations of the mineral dust deposition to the ocean can now be established. These data can be used by atmosphere modelers to validate their models. Ocean modelers and partners of the SOPRAN project will use these data to investigate e.g., the biological response of the ocean to mineral dust entrainment. ∗ 140 pp. (Number of pages) 135 Ref. (Number of references)
Functional and Biochemical Characterization of Epithelial Bactericidal / Permeability-Increasing Protein ( BPI )

Epithelial cells of many mucosal organs have adapted to co-exist with microbes and microbial products. In general, most studies suggest that epithelial cell benefit from interactions with commensal microorganisms present at the lumenal surface. However, potentially injurious molecules found in this microenvironment also have the capacity to elicit local inflammatory responses and even systemic disease. We recently demonstrated that epithelia cells express the anti-infective molecule bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI). Here, we extend these findings to examine molecular mechanisms of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) BPI expression and function. Initial experiments revealed a broad variance of BPI mRNA and protein expression among various intestinal epithelial cell lines. Studies of BPI promoter expression in IEC identified regulatory regions of the BPI promoter, and revealed a prominent role for C/EBP and especially Sp1/Sp3 in basal regulation of BPI. In order to assess the functional significance of this protein we generated an IEC line stably transfected with full-length BPI. We demonstrated that while epithelia express markedly less BPI protein than neutrophils, epithelial BPI contributes significantly to bacterial killing and attenuating bacterial-elicted proinflammatory signals. Additional studies in murine tissue ex vivo revealed that BPI is diffusely expressed along the crypt-villous axis, and that epithelial BPI levels decrease along the length of the intestine. Taken together, these data confirm the transcriptional regulation of BPI in intestinal epithelia and provide insight into the relevance of BPI as an anti-infective molecule at intestinal surfaces.