Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential of Caffeic Acid and 10-Dehydrogingerdione as Lipid Regulators Relevant to Their Inhibitory Effect on miR-122 and ATP Citrate Lyase Activity in Diabetic Hyperlipidemic Rats

The present study aimed to illustrate the hypolipemic effect of 10-Dehydrogengardione (10-DHG) or caffeic acid (CA) with reference to the role of microRNA-122 (miR-122) and ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) activity. Diabetic hyperlipidemia was induced in rats, and then randomly classified into three groups. The first one received only a CCT-diet for 6 weeks and was referred to as the positive control. The other two groups received 10-DHG (10 mg/kg/day) or CA (50 mg/kg/day), orally for 6 weeks along with a CCT-diet. Another group of normal rats was included, received a normal diet, and was referred to as the negative control. Either 10-DHG or CA significantly decreased MiR-122 expression and appeared more remarkable in the CA group by 15.5%. The 10-DHG greatly enhanced phosphorylated form of AMP activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) activity, more than CA by 1.18-fold, while the latter exerted more inhibitory effect on ACLY, and fatty acid synthase (FAS) activities compared with 10-DHG (p < 0.05). Both drugs significantly decreased hydroxy methyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-COA) reductase activity, which appeared more remarkable in 10-DHG, and significantly decreased triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) along with a high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increase. The 10-DHG ameliorated the hepatic tissue lesions greatly, more than CA. The 10-DHG or CA significantly inhibited MiR-122, hepatic FAS, and ACLY levels along with p-AMPK activation. This subsequently led to reduced plasma TG, cholesterol levels, and blood glucose improvement and, indeed, may explain their mechanisms as hypolipemic agents.
The origin of the increase in magnetic loss induced by machining ferrites

Ferrite inductors are usually made in two parts with mating and air gap surfaces perpendicular to the flux path. In the course of manufacture these surfaces are ground flat, and this machining operation is found to increase the loss factor (L.F.), ( \tan \delta_{r+F})/\mu_{e} , by up to 33%, measured at a frequency of 100 kHz. It is known that grinding puts the surface of a ceramic into compression, and it is shown that the stress in the surface approaches 700 MN m-2, decreasing to zero at a depth of 5μm or so below the surface. The permeability in this surface layer is greatly reduced, and so the L.F. is. enormously increased, since tan \delta/\mu = \mu"/(\mu')^{2} . The mean value of the L.F. in this surface layer is estimated to be about 600 \times 10^{-6} , compared with about 1.5 \times 10^{-6} in the interior. A theoretical expression is derived for the increase in L.F. of an inductor assembly, induced by grinding the surfaces perpendicular to the flux, which accounts quite well for the change observed. Ground surfaces parallel to the flux have virtually no effect on L.F. , since little flux penetrates them, but the stresses which they generate in the body of the ferrite influence the temperature factor.
Identification and validation of a risk model and molecular subtypes based on tryptophan metabolism-related genes to predict the clinical prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment in lower-grade glioma

Background Lower-grade glioma (LGG) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the central nervous system (CNS). Accumulating evidence have demonstrated that tryptophan metabolism is significant in tumor. Therefore, this study aims to comprehensively clarify the relationship between tryptophan metabolism-related genes (TRGs) and LGGs. Methods The expression level of TRGs in LGG and normal tissues was first analyzed. Next, the key TRGs with prognostic value and differential expression in LGGs were identified using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. Subsequently, a risk model was constructed and Consensus clustering analysis was conducted based on the expression level of key TRGs. Then, the prognostic value, clinicopathological factors, and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) characteristics between different risk groups and molecular subtypes were analyzed. Finally, the expression, prognosis, and TIME of each key TRGs were analyzed separately in LGG patients. Results A total of 510 patients with LGG from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and 1,152 normal tissues from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) dataset were included to evaluate the expression level of TRGs. After LASSO regression analysis, we identified six key TRGs and constructed a TRGs risk model. The survival analysis revealed that the risk model was the independent predictor in LGG patients. And the nomogram containing risk scores and independent clinicopathological factors could accurately predict the prognosis of LGG patients. In addition, the results of the Consensus cluster analysis based on the expression of the six TRGs showed that it could classify the LGG patients into two distinct clusters, with significant differences in prognosis, clinicopathological factors and TIME between these two clusters. Finally, we validated the expression, prognosis and immune infiltration of six key TRGs in patients with LGG. Conclusion This study demonstrated that tryptophan metabolism plays an important role in the progression of LGG. In addition, the risk model and the molecular subtypes we constructed not only could be used as an indicator to predict the prognosis of LGG patients but also were closely related to the clinicopathological factors and TIME of LGG patients. Overall, our study provides theoretical support for the ultimate realization of precision treatment for patients with LGG.
The Metabolites and Mechanism Analysis of Genistin against Hyperlipidemia via the UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer and Metabolomics

Genistin, an isoflavone, has been reported to have multiple activities. However, its improvement of hyperlipidemia is still unclear, and the same is true with regard to its mechanism. In this study, a high-fat diet (HFD) was used to induce a hyperlipidemic rat model. The metabolites of genistin in normal and hyperlipidemic rats were first identified to cause metabolic differences with Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS). The relevant factors were determined via ELISA, and the pathological changes of liver tissue were examined via H&E staining and Oil red O staining, which evaluated the functions of genistin. The related mechanism was elucidated through metabolomics and Spearman correlation analysis. The results showed that 13 metabolites of genistin were identified in plasma from normal and hyperlipidemic rats. Of those metabolites, seven were found in normal rat, and three existed in two models, with those metabolites being involved in the reactions of decarbonylation, arabinosylation, hydroxylation, and methylation. Three metabolites, including the product of dehydroxymethylation, decarbonylation, and carbonyl hydrogenation, were identified in hyperlipidemic rats for the first time. Accordingly, the pharmacodynamic results first revealed that genistin could significantly reduce the level of lipid factors (p < 0.05), inhibited lipid accumulation in the liver, and reversed the liver function abnormalities caused by lipid peroxidation. For metabolomics results, HFD could significantly alter the levels of 15 endogenous metabolites, and genistin could reverse them. Creatine might be a beneficial biomarker for the activity of genistin against hyperlipidemia, as revealed via multivariate correlation analysis. These results, which have not been reported in the previous literature, may provide the foundation for genistin as a new lipid-lowering agent.
THE TRANSFER INTEGRAL OPERATOR METHOD IN THE STUDY OF DNA UNZIPPING AND BUBBLE FORMATION

In this work we reexamine the unzipping and bubble formation of DNA in the context of the Peyrard–Bishop–Dauxois DNA model using the transfer integral operator method. After a brief overview of the method, we use it to calculate the probabilities that consecutive base-pairs are stretched beyond a threshold amplitude. We compare the continuous Peyrard–Bishop–Dauxois model with an Ising-type model and demonstrate their similarities. For the Peyrard–Bishop–Dauxois model, we derive an expression for the force that is required to open a double-stranded sequence at one end while the other end is kept closed. In the thermodynamic limit, we use this expression to study the dependence of the unzipping force on the temperature. We also calculate the opening probabilities in the case of zero force and in the case where a force is applied in the middle of the sequence. Analytically, the case where the force is applied in the middle is similar to the case of a homogeneous DNA sequence of strong GC pairs with a defect, in the form of a weaker AT base pair, in the middle. Numerical results verify this similarity.
A Physics-Based Compact Model for Silicon Cold-Source Transistors

Silicon-based cold-source transistors are promising for energy-efficient logic switches and hence for semiconductor technology node scaling due to their subthermal switching capability, good ON-state performance, and compatibility with existing process technology. Owing to the importance of compact models in advancing semiconductor technology, we propose a compact model for silicon-based dual-gate cold-source field-effect transistors (DG-CSFETs). Our core model is charge-based and provides an explicit solution for surface potential, terminal charges, and drain current. The density of the cold carrier in the channel injected from the source is included physically in the developed model. In addition, we include the impacts associated with small device geometry. Furthermore, we verify the developed model against quantum transport simulations. Our model accurately captures the drain-current behavior with different geometric parameter scaling. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first compact model developed for cold-source transistors.
Definition, resolution, and contrast in photothermal imaging

Photothermal imaging can be described quantitatively by means of a point spread function (PSF), which represents the image of a buried thermal point defect. From this PSF conclusions can be drawn about amplitude and phase contrast, half‐width, and resolution of photothermal imaging. The theoretical findings are stated by measurements from an appropriately designed model sample.
Thermal strain is greater in the late afternoon than morning during exercise in the gym without airflow and air conditioning on a clear summer day

Introduction There are no reports examining the time-of-day effect on team training sessions in the gym without airflow and air conditioning on thermal strain in the summer heat. We investigated this effect during badminton training sessions on a clear summer day. Methods Nine male high school badminton players (Mean ± SD; age 17.1 ± 0.6 y, height 171 ± 4 cm, body mass 59 ± 7 kg) completed two 2.5-h badminton training sessions in the gym without airflow and air conditioning. The training sessions were started at 0900 h (AM) and 1600 h (PM) on separate days in August. Skin temperatures (chest, triceps, thigh, calf), infrared tympanic temperature, heart rate, thermal sensation and rating of perceived exertion were recorded at rest and at regular intervals during the sessions. Results Indoor and outdoor environmental heat stress progressively increased in AM and decreased in PM during the sessions. Ambient temperature (AM 30.1 ± 0.9°C; PM 33.2 ± 1.0°C: P < 0.001) and wet-bulb globe temperature (AM 28.1 ± 0.5°C; PM 30.0 ± 0.9°C: P = 0.001) during the sessions in the gym were higher in PM than AM. Mean skin temperature (AM 34.2 ± 1.0°C; PM 34.7 ± 0.7°C: P < 0.001), infrared tympanic temperature (AM 37.8 ± 0.5°C; PM 38.1 ± 0.4°C: P = 0.001) and thermal sensation (AM 2.7 ± 1.4; PM 3.3 ± 1.0: P < 0.001) during the sessions were higher in PM than AM. Body heat storage (AM 159 ± 30 W·m−2; PM 193 ± 30 W·m−2: P < 0.05) was greater in PM than AM. There were no time-of-day differences in the average heart rate (AM 75 ± 4% age-predicted maximal heart rate; PM 76 ± 5 age-predicted maximal heart rate: P = 0.534), body mass loss (AM 0.6 ± 0.3 kg; PM 0.8 ± 0.2°C: P = 0.079), the volume of water ingested (AM 1.5 ± 0.1 L; PM 1.6 ± 0.3 L: P = 0.447) and rating of perceived exertion (AM 16 ± 2; PM 16 ± 3: P = 0.281). Conclusions This study indicates greater thermal strain in PM trial than in AM trial during team training sessions in the gym without airflow and air conditioning on a clear summer day. Therefore, athletes and coaches of indoor sports should perceive that athletes may be exposed to a greater risk for thermal strain in the late afternoon from 1600 h than in the morning from 0900 h during the sessions in the gym under these conditions.
The stability of two connected drops suspended from the edges of circular holes

The stability of an equilibrium system of two drops suspended from circular holes in a horizontal plate is examined. The drop surfaces are the disconnected axisymmetric surfaces pinned to the edges of the holes. The holes lie in the same horizontal plane and the two drops are connected by a liquid layer that lies above the plate. The total liquid volume is constant. For identical pendant drops pinned to holes of equal radii, axisymmetric perturbations are always the most dangerous. The stability region for two identical drops differs considerably from that for a solitary pendant drop. A bifurcation analysis shows that the loss of stability leads to a continuous transition from a critical system of identical drops to a stable system of axisymmetric non-identical drops. With increasing total protruded liquid volume this system of non-identical drops reaches its own collective stability limit (to axisymmetric perturbations) which gives rise to dripping or streaming from the holes. Critical volumes and heights for non-identical drops have been calculated as functions of the dimensionless hole radius (associated with the Bond number). For unequal hole radii, there are three intervals of the larger dimensionless hole radius, $R_{1}^{0}$, with qualitatively different bifurcation patterns which in turn can depend on the smaller dimensionless hole radius, $R_2 ^0$. Loss of stability may occur when the drop suspended from the larger hole reaches its stability limit (to non-axisymmetric perturbations) as a solitary drop or when the system reaches the collective stability limit (to axisymmetric perturbations). Typical situations are illustrated for selected values of $R_1 ^0$, and then the basic characteristics of the stability for a dense set of $R_1 ^0$ are presented.
Functional Correlates of Microglial and Astrocytic Activity in Symptomatic Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease: A CSF/18F-FDG-PET Study

Glial and microglial cells contribute to brain glucose consumption and could actively participate in shaping patterns of brain hypometabolism. Here, we aimed to investigate the association between 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake and markers of microglial and astrocytic activity in a cohort of patients with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). We dosed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells (sTREM2), Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), a marker of reactive astrogliosis, and β-S100, a calcium-binding protein associated with a neurotoxic astrocytic profile. No associations were found between sTREM-2 and 18F-FDG uptake. Instead, 18F-FDG uptake was associated negatively with CSF β-S100 in the left supramarginal gyrus, inferior parietal lobe and middle temporal gyrus (Brodmann Areas (BA) 21 and 40). Increased β-S100 levels could negatively regulate neuronal activity in the temporo-parietal cortex to prevent damage associated with AD hyperactivity, or rather they could reflect neurotoxic astrocytic activation contributing to AD progression in key strategic areas. We also identified a trend of positive association of 18F-FDG uptake with CSF GFAP in the right fronto-medial and precentral gyri (BA 6, 9 and 11), which has been reported in early AD and could either be persisting as an epiphenomenon tied to disease progression or be specifically aimed at preserving functions in the frontal cortex. Overall, CSF markers of astrogliosis seem to correlate with cortical glucose uptake in symptomatic sporadic AD, highlighting the role of astrocytes in shaping regional hypometabolism and possibly clinical presentation.
Pilot Stress Detection Through Physiological Signals Using a Transformer-Based Deep Learning Model

Pilot stress detection is a challenging task and it plays a vital role in improving flight performance and avoiding catastrophic accidents. Many deep learning models have been adopted for stress recognition. However, these models tend to ignore the dependencies between multimodal physiological signals, which can boost the model performance potentially. A transformer-based deep learning framework, which can obtain the position information of multimodal signals by combining a transformer network with a traditional convolutional neural network (CNN), is proposed for detecting pilot stress. The 14 pilots’ physiological data, including electrocardiography (ECG), electromyography (EMG), electrodermal (EDA), respiration (RESP), and skin temperature (SKT), under different stress states are collected for training and validation, and evaluated among different state-of-the-art models. The results show that the proposed model achieves an accuracy of 93.28%, 88.75%, and 84.85% for two-, three-, and four-class classification tasks, respectively, showing faster integration and promising performance.
An Alternative Tapping Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscope Setup Enabling the Study of Biological Systems in Liquid Environment

A new aperture scanning near-field optical microscope operating in the intermittent contact mode using a non-bent optical fiber is introduced. The microscope was built modifying a classical scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) unit introducing a patented probe-holder (MTP) which contains a piezo-motor and a bimorph-transductor. The main advantages of the present set-up in terms of stability, versatility, optical resolution, and quality of the collected signals are described. The instrument works properly while exerting a minimum perturbation on the sample thus overcoming the major drawbacks of different SNOM-based imaging modes and allowing to study very delicate samples including living cells in physiological environment.
Intrusion Detection Technique Based on Improved Intuitionistic Fuzzy Neural Networks

At present, the issue of intrusion detection has been a hot point to all over the computer security area. In this paper, a novel intrusion detection method has been proposed. Unlike the current existent detection methods, this paper combines the theories of both intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFS) and artificial neural networks (ANN) together, which leads to much fewer iteration numbers, higher detection rates and sufficient stability. Experimental results show that the now method proposed in this paper is promising and has obvious superiorities over other current typical ones.
Elastoplastic modelling of diffuse instability response of geomaterials

In this paper, we study material instabilities in geomaterials through an elastoplastic constitutive model endowed with appropriate attributes, such as stress, density and fabric dependencies. The analyses reveal the possibility of having diffuse instability, bifurcation and loss of uniqueness within the plastic limit surface. The resulting domain of bifurcation encompasses the intrinsic effects of stress–strain history, direction of loading, type of loading and fabric. The computations start at a material point level and are later on extended to an initial boundary value setting where diffuse failure of a three‐dimensional sand specimen with a random distribution of void ratio is examined. We restrict our simulations to the study of a q‐constant laboratory experimental test under different sets of control parameters. Diffuse failure is also revealed in a slope analysis under water infiltration following similar loading paths as in the q‐constant test. The analysis shows common material instability features observed in the above test. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selection of the model functions for calculations of high-overtone intensities in the vibrational-rotational spectra of diatomic molecules

The initial information on the molecular functions necessary for calculations of spectra is always of discrete nature, being either quantum-chemical calculations or experimental data. Selection of the model functions built on this information and then used to calculate the intensities of the fundamental transitions and low overtones is not restricted by any conditions, yet these same functions can result in errors when used for the high-overtone transitions. In particular, the errors are found in calculations for OH, PN, YO, CaO, PS, NS, SH, PH, and NO. We analyze the sources of the errors and give recommendations of how to avoid them. The molecular functions should be chosen such that the Normal Intensity Distribution Law is fulfilled. In order to increase the accuracy of the calculations, it is also desirable that their analytical properties in the complex plane be as close as possible to those of the real functions. Keywords: NIDL, repulsive branch, analytical functions, branch points, damped coordinate, saturation of the intensities.
Transplantation of Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuates Surgical Wound-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Mice

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the most important component of central nervous system (CNS) to keep toxins and pathogens from CNS. Although our studies demonstrated that using interleukin-6 antibodies (IL-6-AB) reversed the increased permeability of BBB, IL-6-AB is limited in their application that only could be used a few hours before surgery and seemed delayed the surgical wounds healing process, which urges us to find another more effective method. In this study, we employed the C57BL/6J female mice to investigate the potential effects of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) transplantation on BBB dysfunction induced by surgical wound. Compared to IL-6-AB, the transplantation of UC-MSCs more effectively decreased the BBB permeability after surgical wound evaluated by dextran tracer (immunofluorescence imaging and luorescence quantification). In addition, UC-MSCs can largely decrease the ratio of proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 to the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in both serum and brain tissue after surgical wound. Moreover, UC-MSCs successfully increased the levels of tight junction proteins (TJs) in BBB such as ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-5 and extremely decreased the level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Interestingly, UC-MSCs treatment also had positive effects on wound healing while protecting the BBB dysfunction induced by surgical wound compared to IL-6-AB treatment. These findings suggest that UC-MSCs transplantation is a highly efficient and promising approach on protecting the integrity of BBB which caused by peripheral traumatic injuries.