Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radar Based Estimation of Ditches in the Vicinity of the Road

Radars used for detecting objects with a positive elevation, such as other vehicles, are common in autonomous parking and braking systems in modern vehicles. Detecting objects with a negative elevation, such as ditches and holes, is however more troublesome. A common approach is to use a lidar, but a lidar is very costly and fragile compared to a radar. In this thesis, two two-dimensional radars are attached above the windshield of a truck and aimed down towards the ground. At first the geometrical limitations of detecting ditches is analyzed in order to find which mounting angles of the radars are viable. Data is then collected from the radars, with the determined angles, a Global Positioning System (GPS) unit, and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) by driving the truck in a real world terrain. Data from a lidar is also recorded for reference. Combined with a GPS and IMU, the radar detections are first transformed from the radar coordinate system, the a truck coordinate system, and finally to global Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates. The global position of each detection is filtered, and finally used to create an elevation map of the environment. A similar map is also created from the lidar detections. The resulting radar elevation map accurately maps the terrain near the vehicle, including the ditches next to the road. The radars appear to miss small objects, and the density of the detections is quite low for the radar mount angles used. In order to improve the accuracy, the vertical position of the radar detection needs to be determined. A higher density of detections would also improve the mapping, which could be aquired by decreasing the pitch angle of the radars.
Évaluation non invasive de l’altération biomécanique de l’annulus fibrosus lombaire dans la scoliose idiopathique de l’adolescent

Des analyses in vitro ont rapporte une perte de l’integrite de l’annulus fibrosus dans la scoliose idiopathique. L’elastographie "Shear wave" pourrait etre un moyen non invasif d’acceder a la vitesse de cisaillement in vivo de l’annulus fibrosus, un parametre relie aux parametres biomecaniques du disque intervertebral. L’objectif principal etait d’evaluer la vitesse de cisaillement de l’annulus fibrosus lombaire dans la scoliose idiopathique et de la comparer a des individus sains. Methode : 300 disques lombaires ont ete evalues chez 100 individus. 34 patients indemnes de toute deformation rachidienne, 25 patients porteurs de scolioses moderees, 19 porteurs de scolioses severes et 22 patients ayant ete operes. Les trois derniers niveaux mobiles etaient etudies chez chaque patient. Resultats : dans le groupe de patients sans deformation, la vitesse de cisaillement etait de 3,1 m/s ± 0,37 (2,2-3,8 m/s) tandis qu’elle etait de 3,627 m/s ± 0,538 (2,83-4,4) dans le groupe scoliose (p< 0.005). La vitesse de cisaillement en postoperatoire (3,102 m/s) n’etait pas significativement differente de chez l’individu sain. Aucune difference significative n’etait mise en evidence entre les differents niveaux. Conclusion : l’elastographie "Shear wave" constitue un moyen non invasif d’evaluer l’annulus fibrosus lombaire comme un biomarqueur de la scoliose. Il pourrait s’agir d’une methode innovante pour evaluer le potentiel evolutif et les consequences d’une deformation scoliotique.
Model for the effect of horizontal fluid flow in a thin aquifer on temperature-depth profiles

The main objective of heat flow/geothermal gradient studies is to determine the way observed temperature-depth profiles can be used to infer deeper temperatures so that the configurations and depths to geothermal systems may be outlined. If the heat flow is completely conductive outside the geothermal system, continuation techniques can be used for interpretation. If the geothermal data are affected by water flow outside the target reservoir then the interpretation is much more complicated. Clearly the movement of water within the near-surface layers of the earth can significantly alter the temperature-depth profiles that are routinely measured for geothermal exploration and evaluation studies, and the heat flow values that would be calculated based on temperature data above the zone of flow. A model for a common form of water flow disturbance is discussed and how the temperature-depth data can be used to estimate flow parameters is shown.
Psychometric Properties of a Cognitive Load Measure When Assessing the Load Associated with a Course

The cognitive load imposed by instruction is an important consideration for instructional designers. Theoretical models have traditionally divided total cognitive load into intrinsic, extrinsic, and germane load. The 10-item Cognitive Load Inventory (CLI-10) is designed to measure these three types of cognitive load. It is typically administered immediately following a discrete learning activity (e.g., a lecture). This study assesses the properties of the CLI-10 when used to measure the “long-term” cognitive load experienced in a course, over a semester. To do this, the instrument was given to a group of students enrolled in a veterinary anatomy course ( N = 94), toward the end of a 13-week semester. Students were asked to indicate the cognitive load they experienced across this course. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the instrument’s three-factor structure when used in this way. Further, the instrument’s three subscales performed well in terms of internal reliability and convergent and discriminant validity.
TITLE PAGE Citation Format:

Time domain multi-wavelength (635 to 1060 nm) optical mammography was performed on 200 subjects to estimate their average breast tissue composition in terms of oxyand deoxy-hemoglobin, water, lipid and collagen, and structural information, as provided by scattering parameters (amplitude and power). Significant (and often marked) dependence of tissue composition and structure on age, menopausal status, body mass index, and use of oral contraceptives was demonstrated.
Effects of climate change and management policies on marine fisheries productivity in the 1 north-east coast of India 2

25 The Indian Bengal Delta and the Mahanadi delta are two important deltaic systems of the 26 north-east coast of India that support about 1.25 million people. In this study, the change in 27 potential marine fish production and socio-economic conditions were modelled for these 28 two deltas under long-term changes in environmental conditions (sea surface temperature 29 and primary production) to the end of the 21 st century. Our results show that an increased 30 temperature has a negative impact on fisheries productivity, which was projected to 31 decrease by 5%. At the species level, Bombay duck, Indian mackerel and threadfin bream 32 showed an increasing trend in the biomass of potential catches under a sustainable fishing 33 scenario. However, under the business as usual and overfishing scenarios, our results 34 suggest reduced catch for both states. On the other hand, mackerel tuna, Indian oil sardine, 35 and hilsa fisheries showed a projected reduction in potential catch also for the sustainable 36 fishing scenario. The socio-economic models projected an increase of up to 0.67% (involving 37 0.8 billion USD) in consumption by 2050 even under the best management scenario. The 38 GDP per capita was projected to face a loss of 1.7 billion USD by 2050. The loss of low-cost 39 fisheries would negatively impact the poorer coastal population since they strongly depend 40 upon these fisheries as a source of protein. Nevertheless, adaptation strategies tend to have 41 a negative correlation with poverty and food insecurity which needs to be addressed 42 separately to make the sector-specific effort effective. This study highlights the need to have 43 improved management plans for fisheries resources that can help to mitigate and adapt to 44 future climate change impacts.
Research advanced in image style transfer based on deep learning

Image style transfer aims to change a picture’s style while maintaining the integrity of the image’s original information. Image style transfer techniques based on deep learning have expanded in variety as a result of the quick advancement of artificial intelligence technology, and have made breakthroughs in both transfer accuracy and visualization effect. Focusing on image style transfer based on depth learning, this paper systematically introduces its latest research progress. Specifically, according to the difference of network structure, this paper introduces four representative style transfer methods based on CNN and GAN, including their design ideas, process based, advantages and disadvantages. In addition, this paper also qualitatively and quantitatively compares the transfer results of different algorithms on different datasets. For GAN based method, AnimeGAN has a good conversion effect in style conversion. For the CNN based method, the combination of perceptual loss and feedforward network using perceptual loss is more prominent. Finally, this paper reviews the development and breakthrough of neural network style, and sorts out and discusses the differences and shortcomings of these technologies as well as some unresolved problems.
IoT-based simulation of flocking algorithm

The study of animal groups’ flocking behavior is of great significance to the study of multi-agent system. Flocking algorithm is a typical algorithm for group control based on animal group behavior. The research on flocking algorithm is mature, but there is little research on the implementation of Flocking algorithm using digital twin. Digital twins, as a key technology in the direction of IoT, is potentially valuable for improving the efficiency of cloud and devices. Therefore, the main research goal of this paper is to simulate the flocking phenomenon in nature by using digital twins and flocking algorithm to realize the cooperative control of multi-agent systems under the scenarios of obstacle-free and obstacle. In this paper, the author uses digital twins and flocking algorithm to achieve simulations of animal flocking Behaviors. The final simulation results show that the Multi-agent system can converge agents and reach consensus, and finally cross the obstacles to reach the target node, which verifies the rationality and effectiveness of the algorithm. Through the way of digital twins, the burden of the intelligence body’s computation on obstacle identification can be reduced, and the synchronization efficiency of the cloud and the device can be effectively elevated, thus in a practical sense, favoring the deployment implementation.
Simulation of photothermal building and thermal comfort analysis of PMV

Nowadays, with the development of technology and the improvement of human economic level, the energy consumption of buildings is gradually increasing. China is very rich in solar energy resources and the development of solar buildings can save a lot of energy by taking advantage of solar energy resources. The Trombe Wall to be studied in this paper are passive solar buildings. Trombe Wall can achieve good indoor natural ventilation and can meet the requirements of human thermal comfort. However, solar energy is unstable and intermittent, which can easily lead to excessive fluctuations in indoor temperature, so the use of suitable phase change or energy storage materials is also a very important measure. In this paper the mathematical model corresponding to Trombe Wall is specifically investigated and simulations are carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics software to verify the thermal characteristics of Trombe Wall at different temperatures in a given room and the natural ventilation effect they achieve. The simulations are followed by a PMV thermal comfort analysis of the room. The analysis is carried out for four scenarios: “Summer - day”, “Summer - night”, “Winter - day” and “Winter - night”, thus enabling the analysis of Trombe Wall at different temperatures.
Sustainable supply chain management trends in world regions: A data-driven analysis

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models for determining subject

— In this paper we consider how next generation of smart cameras will move beyond face detection and tracking to develop more useful analysis tools for determining the expressions and emotions of the subjects in images. An initial proof-of-concept using an extension of an Active Appearance Model (AAM) to measure facial parameters and a set of classifiers to determine facial states are described. Preliminary findings are encouraging and suggest that the use of the component-based AAM models and SVM classifiers will enable new applications and opportunities in smart cameras 1 .
ESTIMATION OF A JUMP DIFFUSION PROCESS USING A CLOSED-FORM APPROXIMATION LIKELIHOOD UNDER A STRONG DISCRETIZATION SCHEME OF ORDER ONE

The jump diffusion process plays a major role in financial modeling. The process was introduced for the first time by Merton in option pricing, to overcome the shortcoming of the Black Scholes formula. This study provides a closed-form expansion of the likelihood function to estimate the model parameters of the jump-diffusion process. We use the so called Jump adapted discretization to approximate the solution of the SDE under consideration. The approximation converges strongly with order one to the exact solution which is available in an explicit form for a few cases of model. That discretization presents some tractability that we used to derive the characteristic function of the process, and the method of saddlepoint is used thereon to get the transition probability. The process being a Markov process, the joint density is deduced as a product of the transition probabilities . Therefore, using a Monte-Carlo simulation, we carried out a maximization program on the closed likelihood function obtained for parameters estimation followed by a bootstrap to check the efficiency of the estimators.
The effect of inspiratory muscle training on respiratory and limb locomotor muscle deoxygenation during exercise with resistive inspiratory

We investigated how inspiratory muscle training impacted respiratory and locomotor muscle deoxygenation during submaximal exercise with resistive inspiratory loading. Sixteen male cyclists completed 6 weeks of either true (n=8) or sham (n=8) inspiratory muscle training. Pre-and post-training, subjects completed three, 6-minute experimental trials performed at ~80%V̇O 2peak with interventions of either moderate inspiratory loading, heavy inspiratory loading, or maximal exercise imposed in the final 3 minutes. Locomotor and respiratory muscle oxy-, deoxy-, and total-hemoglobin and myoglobin concentration was continuously monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy. Locomotor muscle deoxygenation changes from 80%V̇O 2peak to heavy inspiratory loading were significantly reduced pre-to post-training from 4.3±5.6 µM to 2.7±4.7 µM. Respiratory muscle deoxygenation was also significantly reduced during the heavy inspiratory loading trial (4.6±3.5 µM to 1.9±1.5 µM) post-training. There was no significant difference in oxy-, deoxy-, or total-hemoglobin and myoglobin during any of the other loading trials, from pre-to post-training, in either group. After inspiratory muscle training, highly-trained cyclists exhibited decreased locomotor and respiratory muscle deoxygenation during exercise with heavy inspiratory loading. These data suggest that inspiratory muscle training reduces oxygen extraction by the active respiratory and limb muscles, which may reflect changes in respiratory and locomotor muscle oxygen delivery.
Detection of changes in the characteristics of oceanographic time-series using changepoint analysis.

Changepoint analysis is used to detect changes in variability within GOMOS hindcast time-series for significant wave heights of storm peak events across the Gulf of Mexico for the period 1900–2005. To detect a change in variance, the two-step procedure consists of (1) validating model assumptions per geographic location, followed by (2) application of a penalized likelihood changepoint algorithm. Results suggest that the most important changes in time-series variance occur in 1916 and 1933 at small clusters of boundary locations at which, in general, the variance reduces. No post-war changepoints are detected. The changepoint procedure can be readily applied to other environmental time-series.
Buddhism Plain and Simple

This is a book about awareness - it's about being 'awake' and in touch with what is going on here and now. Practical and down-to-earth, it deals exclusively with the present, not with speculation, theory or belief in some far-off time and place. The teachings of the Buddha are plain and straightforward, and because they remain focused on the moment they are just as relevant now as they have ever been. "Buddhism Plain And Simple" is the book for anyone wanting to discover, or rediscover, the essence of Buddhism.
Managing constraints for infeasible rocket landing problems

For reusable launchers, in-flight landing trajectory planning is a challenging task. The naturally disturbed atmospheric environment may render the landing objectives – such as the landing site location or the incidence safety bounds – mutually incompatible. This article discusses a methodology to recover feasibility in over-constrained optimization problems used for Powered Descent Guidance. Nominal and emergency guidance problems are first discussed from a high-level viewpoint, and then developed to handle a Quadratic Programming based guidance method, which is illustrated on numerical examples for a planar rocket model.
Journal of Health Economics

We test the physicians’ altruism and moral hazard hypotheses using a national panel register containing all 2003–2010 statins prescriptions in Finland. We estimate the likelihood that physicians prescribe generic versus branded versions of statins as a function of the shares of the difference between what patients have to pay out of their pocket and what is covered by the insurance, controlling for patient, physician
Oral loratadine in the management of G-CSF induced bone pain: a pilot study

This pilot study aimed to ascertain if bone pain induced by Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factors (G-CSFs) can be alleviated or eliminated by administration of the oral antihistamine loratadine (Clarityn ® ). Twelve cancer patients receiving chemotherapy were included in the study. Daily pain increased initially from pre-cycle one to post cycle one in all patients. All twelve patients were commenced on loratadine on cycle 2, with three participants also taking PRN pain medication in addition to this, including PRN Ibrufen (n=1) or tramadol (n=2). Pain decreased towards the later cycles following commencement of loratadine in cycle 2, with the exception of one patient who also took PRN tramadol in cycle 3. Oral loratadine was found to be associated with pain reduction in cancer patients receiving G-CSFs.
of theories

)- PARIHS , (Integrated)-Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services; PRECEDE-PROCEED , Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation ‒ Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development; RE-AIM , Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance
Favourqueue: A Parameterless Active Queue Management to Improve TCP Traﬀic Performance

This paper presents and analyses the implementation of a novel active queue management (AQM) named FavorQueue that aims to improve delay transfer of short lived TCP ﬂows over best-eﬀort networks. The idea is to dequeue packets that do not belong to a ﬂow previously enqueued ﬁrst. The rationale is to mitigate the delay induced by long-lived TCP ﬂows over the pace of short TCP data requests and to prevent dropped packets at the beginning of a connection and during recovery period. Although the main target of this AQM is to accelerate short TCP traﬃc, we show that FavorQueue does not only improve the performance of short TCP traﬃc but also improves the performance of all TCP traﬃc in terms of drop ratio and latency whatever the ﬂow size. In particular, we demonstrate that FavorQueue reduces the loss of a retransmitted packet, decreases the number of dropped packets recovered by RTO and improves the latency up to 30% compared to DropTail. Finally, we show that this scheme remains compliant with recent TCP updates such as the increase of the initial slow-start value.
Mobility and territoriality : social and spatial boundaries among foragers, fishers, pastoralists, and peripatetics

Contents: A. Barnard, Social and spatial boundary maintenance among southern African hunters-gatherers - S. Bahuchet, Spatial mobility and access to resources among the African pygmies - H. Beach, Dynamics of Saami territoriality within the nation states of Norway, Sweden and Finland - J. Berland, Territorial resiliency among peripatetic peoples in Pakistan - B.V. Bhanu, Boundaries, obligations and reciprocity: levels of territoriality among the Cholanaickan of South India - D. Bradburd, Territoriality and Persian pastoralists: looking out from Kerman - M.J. Casimir, The ecological determinants of territorial behaviour among mobile herders - B. Glatzer, Pastoral territoriality in West Afghanistan: an organisation of flexibility - W. Lancaster & F. Lancaster, Tribe, community and the concept of access to resources: territorial behaviour in south-east Ja'alan - A. Mirga, Roma territoriality and state policy: the case of the socialist countries of East Europe - S. Nadjmabadi, Socio/spatial organisation and territorial behaviour among fishing communities in the Persian Gulf - L. Piasere, Roma and Roma in north-east Italy: two types of territorial behaviour in the same larger territory - A. Rao, The constraints of Nature or of culture? Pastoral resources and territorial behaviour in the Western Himalayas - B. Streck, Shared space and seasonal migration: the niches of the Nubian Halab.