Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protocol Strategies to Treat and Prevent HIV in the United States for Adolescents and Young Adults : Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Study

Background: Over 20% of HIV diagnoses in the United States are among youth aged 12-24 years. Furthermore, youth have the lowest rates of uptake and adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) medications and are least aware of their HIV status. Objective: Our objective was to design a set of interrelated studies to promote completion of each step of the HIV Prevention Continuum by uninfected youth at high risk (YHR), as well as completion of steps in the Treatment Continuum by youth living with HIV (YLH). Methods: Gay, bisexual, and transgender youth; homeless youth; substance-abusing youth; youth with criminal justice contact; and youth with significant mental health challenges, particularly black and Latino individuals, are being recruited from 13 community-based organizations, clinics, drop-in centers, and shelters in Los Angeles and New Orleans. Youth are screened on the basis of self-reports and rapid diagnostic tests for HIV, drug use, and sexually transmitted infections and, then, triaged into one of 3 studies: (1) an observational cohort of YLH who have never received ARV medications and are then treated—half initially are in the acute infection period (n=36) and half with established HIV infection (n=36); (2) a randomized controlled trial (RCT) for YLH (N=220); and (3) an RCT for YHR (N=1340). Each study contrasts efficacy and costs of 3 interventions: an automated messaging and weekly monitoring program delivered via text messages (short message service, SMS); a peer support intervention delivered via social media forums; and coaching, delivered via text message (SMS), phone, and in-person or telehealth contacts. The primary outcomes are assessing youths’ uptake and retention of and adherence to the HIV Prevention or Treatment Continua. Repeat assessments are conducted every 4 months over 24 months to engage and retain youth and to monitor their status. Results: The project is funded from September 2016 through May 2021. Recruitment began in May 2017 and is expected to be completed by June 2019. We expect to submit the first results for publication by fall 2019. JMIR Res Protoc 2019 | vol. 8 | iss. 1 | e10759 | p.1 http://www.researchprotocols. org/2019/1/e10759/ (page number not for citation purposes) Rotheram et al JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
Reducing write amplification of flash storage through Cooperative Data Management with NVM

Write amplification is a critical factor that limits the stable performance of flash-based storage systems. To reduce write amplification, this paper presents a new technique that cooperatively manages data in flash storage and nonvolatile memory (NVM). Our scheme basically considers NVM as the cache of flash storage, but allows the original data in flash storage to be invalidated if there is a cached copy in NVM, which can temporarily serve as the original data. This scheme eliminates the copy-out operation for a substantial number of cached data, thereby enhancing garbage collection efficiency. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme reduces the copy-out overhead of garbage collection by 51.4% and decreases the standard deviation of response time by 35.4% on average.
Dicer-dependent pathways regulate chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation

Small noncoding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), bind to messenger RNAs through base pairing to suppress gene expression. Despite accumulating evidence that miRNAs play critical roles in various biological processes across diverse organisms, their roles in mammalian skeletal development have not been demonstrated. Here, we show that Dicer, an essential component for biogenesis of miRNAs, is essential for normal skeletal development. Dicer-null growth plates show a progressive reduction in the proliferating pool of chondrocytes, leading to severe skeletal growth defects and premature death of mice. The reduction of proliferating chondrocytes in Dicer-null growth plates is caused by two distinct mechanisms: decreased chondrocyte proliferation and accelerated differentiation into postmitotic hypertrophic chondrocytes. These defects appear to be caused by mechanisms downstream or independent of the Ihh-PTHrP signaling pathway, a pivotal signaling system that regulates chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Microarray analysis of Dicer-null chondrocytes showed limited expression changes in miRNA-target genes, suggesting that, in the majority of cases, chondrocytic miRNAs do not directly regulate target RNA abundance. Our results demonstrate the critical role of the Dicer-dependent pathway in the regulation of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation during skeletal development.
CPSF 30 and Wdr 33 directly bind to AAUAAA in mammalian mRNA 3 9 processing

Serena L. Chan, Ina Huppertz, Chengguo Yao, Lingjie Weng, James J. Moresco, John R. Yates III, Jernej Ule, James L. Manley, and Yongsheng Shi Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom; Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, University of California at Irvine Irvine, California 92697, USA; Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
IMPACT OF INVESTOR SENTIMENT ON CROSS SECTIONAL TESTS OF ALTERNATIVE ASSET PRICING MODELS: EVIDENCES FROM INDIAN EQUITY MARKET

This paper tests the cross sectional return predictability of alternative asset pricing models in Indian stock market by considering investor sentiment as conditioning information variable. The sample period spans over January 2003 till March 2011. For the cross sectional tests of alternative asset pricing models we have used both the Fama and Macbeth and Generalized Method of Moments estimation techniques. Cross sectional test results suggest that investor sentiment as a conditioning information variable contains significant information for making the discount factors time varying. In the conditional specifications all the risk factors scaled with investor sentiment significantly influence the pricing kernel. Model comparison test statistics suggests that for Indian stock market considering investor sentiment as the conditioning information the cross sectional tests of alternative asset pricing model reveal that the Five Factor Model that augments Carhart four factor model with a liquidity factor performs better than the other conditional models.
Classi cation TNM du cancer bronchique TNM classi cation for the lung cancer

The TNM classi cation has changed in 2009 on the basis of a new methodological approach. The various modi cations and the new system are described with the different descriptors and symbols used. The new lymphatic nodes map is presented with the different stations and zones. The prognostic and operational roles are discussed as well as the potential improvements that might be proposed. ©2014 SPLF. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. Correspondance. Adresse email : sculier@bordet.be. bee-mail ; sculier@bordet.be (Jean-Paul Sculier). MOTS CLÉS Staging ; TNM ; Cancer bronchique ; Pronostic
The Viable Alternative Offered By Tehnological Innovations To Tourism Industry In The Context Of Economic Recession

In the context of economic crisis the main players from the industry of tourism and hospitality have to make many changes and to generate, permanently, technological innovations in terms of products, processes, knowledge, in order to become competitive and to maintain the status of competitiveness on the tourism market. On the road to maintain and achieve performance, travel organizers have to approach a global mentality and take into account the competition existent on the international market. E-tourism or online tourism, is part of ecommerce, presuming the existence of tour operators, tourism agencies, operators in the hospitality industry and other entities in the field of virtual space tourism. Therefore, according to Buhalis e-tourism is the future of tourism industry and is appropriate as a basis for everything tourism will become in perspective, its components being redefined as: eAirlines, eHospitality, eTouroperators, eTravel agencies, eDestinations.
Asymmetric price adjustment in the London housing market: A disaggregated analysis

The literature on the econometric analysis of UK housing prices is extended via a disaggregated analysis of asymmetric price adjustment in the London market. Using a robust non-parametric approach, extensive asymmetric behaviour is detected. Examination of ‘all properties’ indices reveals a higher level of asymmetric price adjustment in the higher priced Inner London regions relative to Outer London. However, interesting variations in asymmetric behaviour are detected in more detailed analyses involving consideration of alternative classifications of housing. The implications of the dependence of the results on spatial factors and alternative house types are considered.
Efficient Extraction of Protein-Protein Interactions from Full-Text Articles

Proteins and their interactions govern virtually all cellular processes, such as regulation, signaling, metabolism, and structure. Most experimental findings pertaining to such interactions are discussed in research papers, which, in turn, get curated by protein interaction databases. Authors, editors, and publishers benefit from efforts to alleviate the tasks of searching for relevant papers, evidence for physical interactions, and proper identifiers for each protein involved. The BioCreative II.5 community challenge addressed these tasks in a competition-style assessment to evaluate and compare different methodologies, to make aware of the increasing accuracy of automated methods, and to guide future implementations. In this paper, we present our approaches for protein-named entity recognition, including normalization, and for extraction of protein-protein interactions from full text. Our overall goal is to identify efficient individual components, and we compare various compositions to handle a single full-text article in between 10 seconds and 2 minutes. We propose strategies to transfer document-level annotations to the sentence-level, which allows for the creation of a more fine-grained training corpus; we use this corpus to automatically derive around 5,000 patterns. We rank sentences by relevance to the task of finding novel interactions with physical evidence, using a sentence classifier built from this training corpus. Heuristics for paraphrasing sentences help to further remove unnecessary information that might interfere with patterns, such as additional adjectives, clauses, or bracketed expressions. In BioCreative II.5, we achieved an f-score of 22 percent for finding protein interactions, and 43 percent for mapping proteins to UniProt IDs; disregarding species, f-scores are 30 percent and 55 percent, respectively. On average, our best-performing setup required around 2 minutes per full text. All data and pattern sets as well as Java classes that extend third-party software are available as supplementary information (see Appendix).
Synergistic Effects of Learning Strategies Training: Comparing "Black Boxes.".

It was hypothesized that subjects whr were trained in selected task-related learning strategies would exhibit significantly increased performance and academic motivation over untrained subjects. Students in an associate degree management course (n=54) participated in either treatment or control groups. Both groups received training in management-case study analysis, and the treatment group also received training in learning strategies. The treatment resulted in significant performance increases in some areas. There were no significant increases in motivation resulting from treatment, but there were tendencies toward more overall learning-strategy use in the treatment group. Complex synergistic interactions among learning-strategy value, individual characteristics, motivation, and learning-strategy use in the "black boxes" of the mind are suggested by treatment effects. Implications for practice include the integration by educators and students of task-related learning strategies into educational programs at all levels. The instructional package should include subject content knowledge, -learning strategies, and attributions awareness. Appendix A provides operational definitions and appendix B contains 11 tables of correlations and findings. (Contains 20 references.) (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCA1VN Of loco DI EDUCATION cional Rlw PAN th and Immonl L CENST REOER INFORMATION F TI (ERIC/ rj ins dOcument hat been reproduced as Originating it received tom ! So person or organization 0 Minor Changes have been made to improve reproduction Quai Ity r Points of uerr 0m,ons si a teO cloC, Mara 00 not neceSsaroly rop011enr ()Motif OERI posthon or poltoy Title: Synergistic Effects of Learning Strategies Training: Comparing "Black Boxes" Author: Alice E. Nuttall, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Business Technology Kent State University, Tuscarawas Campus University Drive, N.E. New Philadelphia, OH 44663
Why Terrorism is Increasing

Terrorism is a violent form of Extremism that comprises a significant and continuing threat to society. The history of extremism is commonly seen as including those driven by a strong belief or those wanting to improve conditions for the underdog whether people or in modern time’s animals. However terror can be state or intuitionally led and inspired. In European history there are numerous examples of philosophies and beliefs driving extremism and terrorism in this wider definition for example the Christian religious war of the Crusades which were countered by a Jihadist war of the Muslims.
Phantom limb phenomenon as an example of body image distortion

Abstract Introduction: The perception of one’s own body, its mental representation, and emotional attitude to it are the components of so-called “body image” [1]. The aim of the research was to analyse phantom pain and non-painful phantom sensations as results of limb loss and to explain them in terms of body image distortion. Material and method: Three methods were used in the study of 22 amputees (7 women and 15 men, between 43 and 76 years old, M = 61, SD = 11.3): (1) a clinical interview; (2) The Questionnaire of Body Experiencing after Limb Amputation; (3) modified version of The Pain Questionnaire based on The McGill Pain Questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of phantom limb pain was 59%. Some various non-painful phantom sensations after amputation were experienced by 77% of respondents. There was a statistically significant relationship between phantom pain and non-painful phantom sensations in a group of participants experiencing phantom limb phenomenon at the moment of the research. Conclusions: Deformation of body image in the form of phantom pain and non-painful phantom sensations is a frequent experience after limb loss. We suggest that phantom limb is a form of out-of-date or inadequate body image as an effect of the brain activity trying to keep a kind of status quo. A co-occurrence of non-painful phantom sensations and phantom pain suggests that these both forms of post-amputation sensations may share neural mechanisms. Results indicate, that there exists somatosensory memory which may be manifested in similarities between pre- and post-amputation sensations.
Gender Differences in Self-Employment: Does Education Matter?

This article focuses on the question, to which extent gender-specific differences in the selfemployment ratio can be explained as a result of the vertical and horizontal structure of the educational system in Germany. Firstly, the influence of educational attainment and occupational skills on the entry of women and men into self-employment will be examined. Secondly we will verify the hypothesis that gender-specific differences in the choice of field of study form the main reason for the lower female self-employment rate. Finally, we will follow up the question to which extent women and men can make use of their acquired qualifications later on. The study is based on micro data files from the German Microcensus (1991 to 1999), carried out annually by the Federal Statistical Office and covers 1% of all German households. The findings demonstrate that a higher level of education is an important resource for female self-employment: In the period from 1991 to 1999 the growth in female self-employment was mainly due to the rising number of female university graduates. With regard to the occupational positions of female university graduates it can be asserted that those running their own businesses can be found more frequently in qualified occupations and high managerial positions than their colleagues in paid employment. Furthermore, the field of study is an important determinant for women’s entry into self-employment. Areas of study that most favour the entry of women into self-employment are the so-called “integrated” ones. In contrast, women who study male-intensive as well as female-intensive branches have lower probability to switch into self-employment. However, the gender-specific differences on the level of self-employment cannot be explained substantially by different choices in the fields of study. Assuming that women selected the same areas of study as men with the area-specific self-employed ratio remaining constant, the overall “gender gap” would not be reduced considerably. On the other hand, if women kept up their fields of study, while the female area-specific self-employment ratio increased to that of the male ratio, the female overall self-employment ratio would rise by more than 4%. Thus, for a substantial reduction in the self-employment gender gap, an adaptation of female choices in the fields of study to male ones does not seem to be an adequate measure.
SPL

Big data is revolutionizing how all sectors of our economy do business, including telecommunication, transportation, medical, and finance. Big data comes in two flavors: data at rest and data in motion. Processing data in motion is stream processing. Stream processing for big data analytics often requires scale that can only be delivered by a distributed system, exploiting parallelism on many hosts and many cores. One such distributed stream processing system is IBM Streams. Early customer experience with IBM Streams uncovered that another core requirement is extensibility, since customers want to build high-performance domain-specific operators for use in their streaming applications. Based on these two core requirements of distribution and extensibility, we designed and implemented the Streams Processing Language (SPL). This article describes SPL with an emphasis on the language design, distributed runtime, and extensibility mechanism. SPL is now the gateway for the IBM Streams platform, used by our customers for stream processing in a broad range of application domains.
Developmental genetic analysis of troponin T mutations in striated and nonstriated muscle cells of Caenorhabditis elegans

We have been investigating a set of genes, collectively called mups, that are essential to striated body wall muscle cell positioning in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here we report our detailed characterization of the mup-2 locus, which encodes troponin T (TnT). Mutants for a heat- sensitive allele, called mup-2(e2346ts), and for a putative null, called mup-2(up1), are defective for embryonic body wall muscle cell contraction, sarcomere organization, and cell positioning. Characterizations of the heat-sensitive allele demonstrate that mutants are also defective for regulated muscle contraction in larval and adult body wall muscle, defective for function of the nonstriated oviduct myoepithelial sheath, and defective for epidermal morphogenesis. We cloned the mup-2 locus and its corresponding cDNA. The cDNA encodes a predicted 405-amino acid protein homologous to vertebrate and invertebrate TnT and includes an invertebrate-specific COOH-terminal tail. The mup-2 mutations lie within these cDNA sequences: mup-2(up1) is a termination codon near NH2 terminus (Glu94) and mup-2(e2346ts) is a termination codon in the COOH-terminal invertebrate-specific tail (Trp342). TnT is a muscle contractile protein that, in association with the thin filament proteins tropomyosin, troponin I and troponin C, regulates myosin-actin interaction in response to a rise in intracellular Ca2+. Our findings demonstrate multiple essential functions for TnT and provide a basis to investigate the in vivo functions and protein interactions of TnT in striated and nonstriated muscles.
Charge-density waves in the mixed-valence two-dimensional metal K3Cu8S6.

Abstract : The synthetic conditions for the preparation of KCu4S3, K3Cu8S6, and KCu3S2 have been carefully defined. K3Cu8S6 is apparently a kinetic phase and must be trapped with a minimum amount of either KCu4S3 or KCu3S2. Magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity data display behavior typical of CDW systems. In view of the low-dimensional metallic nature of K3Cu8S6 and preliminary X-ray data, a second order reversible transition at T sub 1 = 152 + or - lK has been identified as the onset of an incommensurate lattice. In the region of 50-60K, a first order transition with considerable hysteresis seems to be a structural transition to a commensurate superlattice state.
Persistent Overconfidence and Biased Memory: Evidence from Managers

A long-standing puzzle is how overconfidence can persist in settings characterized by repeated feedback. This paper studies managers who participate repeatedly in a high-powered tournament incentive system, learning relative performance each time. Using reduced form and structural methods we find that (i) managers make over-confident predictions about future performance; (ii) managers have overly positive memories of past performance; (iii) the two phenomena are linked at an individual level. Our results are consistent with models of motivated beliefs in which individuals are motivated to distort memories of feedback and preserve unrealistic expectations. (JEL D82, D83, J33, L25, L81, M52, M54)
Topology Control and Coverage Enhancement of Dynamic Networks Based on the Controllable Movement of Mobile Agents

Topology control serves as an important technique in dynamic networks for its capabilities of reducing energy consumption and radio interference. Additionally, the sparse network structure generated by topology control algorithms is beneficial for enhancing network coverage. In this paper, a local two-tier topology control method is developed to address the issues of topology control and coverage enhancement of dynamic networks. By combing a topology control algorithm with mobility control technique, the proposed method can disperse a team of mobile agents to reduce radio interference and to enhance area coverage. In the meantime, connectivity maintenance of the underlying network and collision avoidance between mobile agents are also handled effectively.