Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunity and Simplicity in Relativizations of Probabilistic Complexity Classes

The existence of immune and simple sets in relativizations of the probabilistic polynomial time bounded classes is studied. Some techniques previously used to show similar results for relativizations of P and NP are adapted to the probabilistic classes. Using these results, an exhaustive settling of all possible strong separations among these relativized classes is obtained.
Dry Powder Inhalers: Which Factors Determine the Frequency of Handling Errors?

Background: Dry powder inhalers are often used ineffectively, resulting in a poor level of disease control. Objectives: To determine how often essential mistakes are made in the use of Aerolizer®, Discus®, HandiHaler® and Turbuhaler® and to study the effects of age, severity of airflow obstruction and previous training in inhalational technique by medical personnel on the error rate. Methods: Two hundred and twenty-four newly referred outpatients (age 55.1 ± 20 years) were asked how they had been acquainted with the inhaler and to demonstrate their inhalational technique. Results: The inhaler-specific error rates were as follows: Aerolizer 9.1%, Discus 26.7%, HandiHaler 53.1% and Turbuhaler 34.9%. Compared to Aerolizer, the odds ratio of an ineffective inhalation was higher for HandiHaler (9.82, p < 0.01) and Turbuhaler (4.84, p < 0.05). The error rate increased with age and with the severity of airway obstruction (p < 0.01). When training had been given as opposed to no training, the odds ratio of ineffective inhalation was 0.22 (p < 0.01). If Turbuhaler is used, the estimated risks range from 9.8% in an 18-year-old patient with normal lung function and previous training to 83.2% in an 80-year-old patient with moderate or severe obstruction who had not received any training. Conclusions: Dry powder inhalers are useful in the management of younger patients with normal lung function or mild airway obstruction. In older patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the risk of ineffective inhalation remains high despite training in inhalational technique. A metered-dose inhaler with a spacer might be a valuable treatment alternative in a substantial proportion of these patients.
Search Light Interactions with Personal Projector

Mobile projectors are an emerging trend and becoming ever more present in the consumer market. One main concern is how this resource will be used and exploited. The act of physically holding the projection device while interacting is uncommon and potentially beset with many issues. In this paper we present a mobile application, which uses the searchlight metaphor as a novel means of navigating though information space, potentially of limitless size. In addition to the searchlight navigation technique we have developed a number of input techniques which challenge the classic button press interaction with a number of intuitive gestures which complement the interaction style. We present our findings from a user study in which the usability of each technique was evaluated, we also propose several heuristics for mobile projector interaction design.
The "glucose pentagon": assessing glycemic control of patients with diabetes mellitus by a model integrating different parameters from glucose profiles.

Measuring the hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) is the standard-of-care method to assess long-term glycemic control of patients with diabetes, describing the average glycemic level. However, the HbA(1c) does not reflect acute fluctuations in glucose levels. Variability of glycemia probably has an impact on the development of diabetes-related late complications. A novel model presented in this article combines different summary measures derived from continuously recorded glucose profiles (including parameters describing glycemic variability) and the HbA(1c). The five parameters taking into account are the axes of a "glucose pentagon. " Connecting the values of these parameters provided an enclosed area of a given size. For a patient with diabetes, these parameters and the connected area describe how his or her glycemia was during the monitoring period. The area of the glucose pentagon for a patient with diabetes, divided by the standard area of healthy subjects, yields a non-dimensional characteristic value defined as the glycemic risk parameter. It is assume that this risk parameter provides a more meaningful overall description of metabolic control than the HbA(1c) alone. In addition, it might also allow a better assessment of a patient's risk for developing diabetes-related late complications in comparison to the HbA(1c) alone. Of critical importance is, of course, that the clinical relevance of the glucose pentagon is verified in adequate long-term clinical studies.
Mutual information mining for component law and development of new recipes for rheumatoid arthritis

To analyze the component law of Chinese medicines for rheumatoid arthritis, and develop new prescriptions for rheumatoid arthritis through mutual Information mining methods. Chinese medicine recipes for rheumatoid arthritis were collected and recorded in the database, and then the correlation coefficient between herbs, core combinations of herbs and new prescriptions were analyzed by using modified mutual information, complex system entropy cluster and unsupervised hierarchical clustering, respectively. Based on the analysis of 63 Chinese medicine recipes for rheumatoid arthritis, 30 drugs with high-frequency and the distribution of Four Qi and Five Flavors of Chinese medicines occurrence in these recipes,34 frequently-used herb pairs and 9 core combinations were founded, and 3 new recipes for rheumatoid arthritis were developed. Chinese medicines for rheumatoid arthritis were mainly consist of blood-activating and stasis-dispelling edicinal, wind-dampnessdispelling and heatclearing medicinal, heat-clearing and detoxicating medicinal, tonifying and replenishing medicinal. So, the therapeutic principle for rheumatoid arthritisis to reinforce the healthy qi and eliminate the pathogenic factors. Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Radix Glycyrrhizae,Radix Angelicae Pubescentis,Radix Paeoniae Alba,Radix Angelicae Sinensis,Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae,Ramulus Cinnamomi,Rhizoma Et Radix Notopterygii and Radix Astragali are the main herbal drugs used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist and Pressure Support Ventilation in Small Species and the Impact of Instrumental Dead Space

Background: Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) is a pneumatically-independent mode of mechanical ventilation controlled by diaphragm electrical activity (EAdi), and has not yet been implemented in very small species. Objectives: The aims of the study were to evaluate the feasibility of applying NAVA in very small species and to compare this to pressure support ventilation (PSV) in terms of ventilatory efficiency and breathing pattern, and evaluate the impact of instrumental dead space on breathing pattern during both modes. Methods: Nine healthy rats (mean weight 385 ± 4 g) were studied while breathing on PSV or NAVA, at baseline or with added dead space. Results: A clear difference in breathing pattern between NAVA and PSV was observed during both baseline and dead space, where PSV – despite similar EAdi and tidal volume as during NAVA – caused shortened inspiratory time (p < 0.05) and increased the respiratory rate (p < 0.05). A higher minute ventilation (p < 0.05) in order to reach the same arterial CO2 was observed. Ineffective inspiratory efforts occurred only during PSV and decreased with the dead space. Conclusion: This study demonstrates, in a small group of animals, that NAVA can deliver assist in very small species with a higher efficiency than PSV in terms of eliminating CO2 for a given minute ventilation.
TTL Hardware Interface: A High-Level Interface for Streaming Multiprocessor Architectures

Digital chips for multimedia applications use function-specific hardware co-processors to achieve high performance at low power consumption. These co-processors are typically equipped with traditional address-based interfaces. Networks-on-chips (NoCs) are emerging as scalable interconnect for advanced digital chips. Integration of co-processors with NoCs requires load/store packetizing wrappers on the network interfaces. This leads to unnecessary address generation and address transportation over the NoC for streaming data. By using high-level message passing interfaces for the streaming data, the co-processors can be made simpler and better reusable and the NoCs are used more efficiently. We present the task transaction level (TTL) high-level hardware interface for streaming co-processors as a concrete proposal for such an interface. We present three case study implementations and conclude that a TTL high-level message passing interface is beneficial compared to an address-based interface because it offers a better match with NoCs and it allows for better reuse and simpler design of co-processors
IIT at TREC 2002 Linear Combinations Based on Document Structure and Varied Stemming for Arabic Retrieval

TREC 10 we participated in the Named Page Finding Task and the Cross-Lingual Task. In the web track, we explored the use of linear combinations of term collections based on document structure. Our goal was to examine the effects of different term collection statistics based on document structure in respect to known item retrieval. We parsed documents into structural components and built specific term indexes based on that document structure. Each of those indices have their own collection statistics for term weighting based on the type of language used for that structure in the collection. For producing a single ranked list, we examined a weighted linear combination approach to merging results. Our approach to known item retrieval was equal or above the median 58% of the time and 71% above the mean score of submitted runs. In the Arabic track we participated in Arabic Cross-language Information Retrieval (CLIR) and in Arabic monolingual information retrieval. For the monolingual retrieval, we examined the use of two stemming algorithms. The first is a deeper approach, and the second is a pattern-based approach. For the Arabic CLIR, we explored the retrieval effectiveness by using a machine translation (MT) system and translation probabilities obtained from parallel documents collection provided by the United Nations (UN).
Design for person-environment interaction in older age: a gerontechnological perspective

Gerontechnology is a new interdisciplinary field of research in which technology is directed towards aspirations and opportunities for older people. Consequently, gerontological and technological research are inherently connected. Demographically, the aged are an increasing section of our society with specific but not homogeneous characteristics. In principle they might benefit much from innovative technological research. This article tries to show that this is usually not the case, and quite likely, will not be the case in the future either. The most important reasons are the perceptual world of older people, and the nature of the technological design process. The design process, or rather the product creation process in its current form, is particularly refractory to changes that will benefit a Design for All strategy. This is not to say that the circumstances of older people in the future will not be any better than nowadays, from a technology point of view. Yet, a persistent backlog with respect to younger members of society will be unavoidable. Considerable changes in the design process will ensue when applications, based on situated and distributed control systems, will support activities of older people in their own environment. The behaviour of such systems, inasmuch as it emerges from continuous interaction with the inhabitants of the home, is essentially the product, and this is where gerontechnology can make important inroads. On the basis of recent research it is interesting to note that the existence of gerontechnology has led to renewed attention for motivation, decision, and choice, giving due credit to older people as the deciding agents of their own course of life.
Open to the flaw: Comparing the different skills required for reading English and isiZulu

Abstract We know that competent readers of text in all languages move through text with speed and ease, confident that they can tell what the writer has written. We also know that incompetent readers in all languages move hesitantly through text, rereading words and lines, stalling at particular points, and, often with good reason, are not confident that they can discover what the writer says. What is not clear from this apparent similarity of reading patterns across languages is whether the minute processes that cohere to produce the activity of reading are similar across languages and orthographies, or whether this similarity is superficial, and elements of established patterns of reading performance differ with different orthographies. These minute processes and their implications for learning to read and for teaching reading skills, and for ways to measure competence in reading, are the subject of unresolved debate. While studies have been done of differences in observable physical reading patterns between European and some Asian languages, and between different orthographies, there is conspicuously very little information about reading in African languages. This article focuses on a quest to find out whether there are differences between measurable processes of reading English text and reading isiZulu text, and particularly on problems thrown up in the course of the study.
What is a ‘Buddhist Film?’

Films such as Kundun and Little Buddha are obvious choices to fit the category “Buddhist films,” but critical studies and Buddhist film festivals have in the last decade widened the discussion to include films like The Matrix (1999) and Donnie Darko (2001), raising the question, “What is a Buddhist film? ” One way to answer this question is to consider the criteria for selecting films for international Buddhist film festivals. These events include films that directly represent Buddhist characters, rites, beliefs, and material objects, but in addition to overtly Buddhist representations there are regular inclusions of “covertly” Buddhist films. In addition to overt and less direct thematic treatments, the category "Buddhist film" has come to include “draftees”—films that were never intended to express a Buddhist theme but are felt by event organizers to have Buddhist implications even when there is no evidence of Buddhist intention. The practice of interpreting a non-Buddhist film in a Buddhist manner makes Buddhism appear less strange to Western audiences. Buddhist film festivals are thus part of a larger process through which Buddhism adapts and indigenizes itself i"n countries outside of Asia.
Decreasing Lexical Data Sparsity in Statistical Syntactic Parsing - Experiments with Named Entities

In this paper we present preliminary experiments that aim to reduce lexical data sparsity in statistical parsing by exploiting information about named entities. Words in the WSJ corpus are mapped to named entity clusters and a latent variable constituency parser is trained and tested on the transformed corpus. We explore two different methods for mapping words to entities, and look at the effect of mapping various subsets of named entity types. Thus far, results show no improvement in parsing accuracy over the best baseline score; we identify possible problems and outline suggestions for future directions.
Telomere Length is a Biomarker of Cumulative Oxidative Stress, Biologic Age, and an Independent Predictor of Survival and Therapeutic Treatment Requirement Associated With Smoking Behavior

Globally, tobacco use is associated with 5 million deaths per annum and is regarded as one of the leading causes of premature death. Major chronic disorders associated with smoking include cardiovascular diseases, several types of cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (lung problems). Cigarette smoking (CS) generates a cumulative oxidative stress, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. Mainstream and side stream gas-phase smoke each have about the same concentration of reactive free radical species, about 1 × 1016 radicals per cigarette (or 5 × 1014 per puff). This effect is critical in understanding the biologic effects of smoke. Several lines of evidence suggest that cigarette smoke constituents can directly activate vascular reactive oxygen species production. In this work we present multiple evidence that CS provide the important risk factors in many age-related diseases, and is associated with increased cumulative and systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. The cited processes are marked by increased white blood cell (leucocytes, WBCs) turnover. The data suggest an alteration of the circulating WBCs by CS, resulting in increased adherence to endothelial cells. Telomeres are complex DNA–protein structures located at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes. Telomere length shortens with biologic age in all replicating somatic cells. It has been shown that tobacco smoking enhances telomere shortening in circulating human WBCs. Telomere attrition (expressed in WBCs) can serve as a biomarker of the cumulative oxidative stress and inflammation induced by smoking and, consequently, show the pace of biologic aging. We originally propose that patented specific oral formulations of nonhydrolized carnosine and carcinine provide a powerful tool for targeted therapeutic inhibition of cumulative oxidative stress and inflammation and protection of telomere attrition associated with smoking. The longitudinal studies of the clinical population groups described in this study including elderly support the hypothesis that telomere length is a predictor of survival and therapeutic treatment requirement associated with smoking behavior.
Accelerometer tags: detecting and identifying activities in fish and the effect of sampling frequency

SUMMARY Monitoring and measuring the behaviour and movement of aquatic animals in the wild is typically challenging, though micro-accelerometer (archival or telemetry) tags now provide the means to remotely identify and quantify behavioural states and rates such as resting, swimming and migrating, and to estimate activity and energy budgets. Most studies use low-frequency (≤32 Hz) accelerometer sampling because of battery and data-archiving constraints. In this study we assessed the effect of sampling frequency (aliasing) on activity detection probability using the great sculpin (Myoxocephalus polyacanthoceaphalus) as a model species. Feeding strikes and escape responses (fast-start activities) and spontaneous movements among seven different great sculpin were triggered, observed and recorded using video records and a tri-axial accelerometer sampling at 100 Hz. We demonstrate that multiple parameters in the time and probability domains can statistically differentiate between activities with high detection (90%) and identification (80%) probabilities. Detection probability for feeding and escape activities decreased by 50% when sampling at <10 Hz. Our analyses illustrate additional problems associated with aliasing and how activity and energy-budget estimates can be compromised and misinterpreted. We recommend that high-frequency (>30 Hz) accelerometer sampling be used in similar laboratory and field studies. If battery and/or data storage is limited, we also recommend archiving the events via an on-board algorithm that determines the highest likelihood and subsequent archiving of the various event classes of interest.
Attitudes toward Profoundly Hearing Impaired and Deaf Individuals: Links with Intergroup Anxiety, Social Dominance Orientation, and Contact

For the 54 million Americans living with disabilities, negative attitudes foster biased communication and barriers to social, political, and economic integration. Using self-reports of hearing-abled individuals (N = 234), this study takes an intergroup approach to explore factors surrounding attitudes toward communicative interactions with profoundly hearing impaired and deaf individuals (PHIDIs). Findings confirm the intergroup contact hypothesis (Allport, 1954) in this particular context while introducing social dominance as a construct of great utility to intergroup theorizing. Attitudes were less negative for hearing individuals with less intergroup anxiety, lower social dominance orientation, and more communication contact with profoundly hearing impaired/deaf individuals. Finally, differences among communication, cognition, and attitudes were assessed in terms of biological sex and the decision to enroll in a Manual Communication course. The results of these analyses indicate that males are higher in social dominance orientation, and that females and individuals enrolled in Manual Communication courses have more positive attitudes toward PHIDIs.
Analysis of Resistive-Open Defects in SRAM Sense Amplifiers

In this paper, we present an exhaustive analysis of resistive- open defects in sense amplifiers of static random access memory designed with a 65 nm technology. We show that some resistive-open defects may lead to a new type of dynamic behavior that has never been experienced in the past. It is modeled by dynamic two-cell incorrect read faults of two different types. Such fault models represent failures in the sense amplifier, which prevent it from performing any read operations (in case of type 1 [1]) or only a single type of read operation (in case of type 2). Results of electrical simulations are presented to provide a complete understanding of such a faulty behavior and possible March test solutions are proposed to detect all d2cIRFs.
Cost Models DO Matter: Providing Cost Information for Diverse Data Sources in a Federated System

An important issue for federated systems of diverse data sources is how to optimize cross-source queries, without building knowledge of individual sources into the optimizer. Garlic is a federated system with an emphasis on extensibility and diverse sources. To achieve these goals, data sources are attached to Garlic by means of a wrapper. Wrappers participate in query planning, telling Garlic what parts of a query a data source can do and how much it will cost. This paper describes a framework through which wrappers provide the necessary cost and cardinality information for optimization, and the facilities Garlic provides to make this task easier. Our framework makes it easy for wrappers to provide cost information, requires few changes to a conventional bottomup optimizer and is easily extensible to a broad range of sources. We believe that our framework for costing is the first to allow accurate cost estimates for diverse sources within the context of a traditional cost-based optimizer. We demonstrate the importance of cost information in choosing good plans, the flexibility of our framework, the accuracy it allows, and finally, that it works – the optimizer is able to choose good plans even for complex cross-source queries.
Internal brow elevation at blepharoplasty.

OBJECTIVE To present data on a transblepharoplasty technique that provides a safe and reliable brow elevation and glabellar furrow reduction by releasing inferior tethering and weakening the brow depressor muscles. DESIGN Nonrandomized retrospective case series and surgical technique description. RESULTS One thousand patients who underwent internal brow elevation for cosmesis associated with upper blepharoplasty over the past 9 years were reviewed. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 9 years. There were no serious long-term complications. All patients experienced forehead hypesthesia, which was temporary in most patients. Only 2 patients complained of prolonged and bothersome forehead hypesthesia lasting longer than 2 years. CONCLUSION The internal brow elevation at blepharoplasty is a reproducibly safe and effective technique to improve eyebrow appearance without fixation.