Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial distribution of neural activity in the anterior olfactory nucleus evoked by odor and electrical stimulation

Several lines of evidence indicate that complex odorant stimuli are parsed into separate data streams in the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb, yielding a combinatorial “odotopic map. ” However, this pattern does not appear to be maintained in the piriform cortex, where stimuli appear to be coded in a distributed fashion. The anterior olfactory nucleus (AON) is intermediate and reciprocally interconnected between these two structures, and also provides a route for the interhemispheric transfer of olfactory information. The present study examined potential coding strategies used by the AON. Rats were exposed to either caproic acid, butyric acid, limonene, or purified air and the spatial distribution of Fos‐immunolabeled cells was quantified. The two major subregions of the AON exhibited different results. Distinct odor‐specific spatial patterns of activity were observed in pars externa, suggesting that it employs a topographic strategy for odor representation similar to the olfactory bulb. A spatially distributed pattern that did not appear to depend on odor identity was observed in pars principalis, suggesting that it employs a distributed representation of odors more similar to that seen in the piriform cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:277‐289, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Giving Patients Choice and Control: Health Informatics on the Patient Journey

Summary Objectives In modern society, people expect to be actively informed and engaged in decisions about their own health care. Developments in health informatics for patients are increasingly enabling digital solutions to supporting a culture of shared decision making between patients and clinicians. In England, the national patient portal NHS Choices has pioneered patient access to information, with the objectives of achieving significant volumes of use and delivering measurable benefits for patients and the healthcare system. Methods Opportunities for patients to use online information and transactions exist along the patient pathway, utilising a variety of methods including using online symptom checkers to manage minor ailments, choosing health services informed by metrics about the quality of service provided and patient comments, through to care delivered online. Results Independent evaluation of NHS Choices has indicated that the website is effective in reducing primary care consultations for minor ailments through providing information on appropriate self care. Further research is demonstrating that the collective voice of patients, expressed through online ratings and comments on care received, has a good correlation with more objective, quantitative measures of provider quality. Conclusion NHS Choices has achieved high volumes of public use (15 million visits a month) and positive impacts for patients and the health care system. A new information strategy for health and social care in England published in 2012 sets the way ahead for the future of informatics for patients and the public.
Blood clearance of Escherichia coli and evaluation of mononuclear-phagocytic system as influenced by supplemental dietary zinc methionine in young turkeys.

The influence of diets containing Zn-Met on in vitro and in vivo uptake of Escherichia coli by the mononuclear-phagocytic system was evaluated. Female Nicholas turkeys reared in battery brooders were supplemented with 40 micrograms Zn/g as Zn-Met in a corn soybean meal diet from 1 to 3 wk of age. Chemical analysis of the basal diets indicated that the basal diets contained 130 micrograms Zn/g and the Zn-Met diets contained 165 micrograms Zn/g. Each diet was fed to three replicate pens of 8 birds in Experiment 1 and three pens of 16 birds in Experiment 2. Body weight gain, feed conversion (FC), and clearance of injected E. coli from blood were determined in Experiments 1 and 2. Abdominal exudate cells (AEC) were recruited by intra-abdominal Sephadex injection. Substrate adherence potential and incidence of macrophages in AEC, phagocytosis of E. coli in vitro in terms of percentage phagocytic macrophages, and number of internalized E. coli per phagocytic macrophage, were quantified in Experiment 1. Plasma Zn concentrations and plasma alkaline phosphatase activity (ALKP) were determined in Experiment 2. Supplemental Zn-Met improved 3-wk BW gain (P < or = .003) only in Experiment 2. Dietary Zn-Met increased mean adherence of cells by 69% (P < or = .001). The number of phagocytized E. coli per macrophage did not differ significantly between treatments; however, E. coli clearance from blood was significantly improved in poults receiving Zn-Met in Experiment 2. Plasma Zn was higher in poults supplemented with Zn-Met prior to and after E. coli administration (P < or = .02). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Accuracy of Focal Laser Treatment Based on External Imaging (OCT) Using a Navigated Retinal Laser System – a Case Series

Abstract Background The navigated laser photocoagulation system (NAVILAS®, OD-OS GmBH, Teltow, Germany) is a laser treatment device that provides navigated laser treatment of the retina based on a fundus image. The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of laser treatment based on external optical coherence tomography (OCT) images – a new application of the device. Patients and Methods This retrospective case series evaluated the accuracy of laser spot placement in 7 eyes after using overlaid external OCT images for planning NAVILAS laser treatment. After a mean time of 33 days, a post-treatment OCT was obtained and compared with the pretreatment plan on the previous OCT. Laser spots touching or overlapping the planned 100 µm laser spots were classified as “match” and invisible laser spots as “laser spot not evolved”. Results A total of 477 laser spots in 7 eyes were evaluated (mean: 68 spots per eye). Of all planned laser spots, 361 (75.7 %) were visible on post-treatment OCT. 58.7 % of these spots matched the pretreatment plan. Non-matching laser spots showed no uniform pattern of dislocation. Conclusions Planning navigated NAVILAS Laser treatment based on manually imported OCT images seems to be less accurate than planning with NAVILAS integrated imaging. These findings warrant further evaluation, not only regarding the recently installed automated picture importing tool but also concerning its clinical impact, which is possibly outweighed by the advantages of the additional image information.
Building a Timeline Network for Evacuation in Earthquake Disaster

In this paper, we propose an approach that automatically extract users’ activities in sentences retrieved from Twitter. We then design a timeline action network based on Web Ontology Language (OWL). By using the proposed activity extraction approach, we can automatically collect data for the action network. Finally, we propose a novel action-based collaborative ﬁltering, which predicts missing activity data, in order to complement this timeline network. Moreover, with a combination of collaborative ﬁltering and natural language processing (NLP), our method can deal with minority actions such as successful actions. Based on evaluation of tweets which related to the massive Tohoku earth-quake, we indicated that our timeline action network can provide useful action patterns in real-time. Not only earthquake disaster, our research can also be applied to other disasters and business models, such as typhoon, travel, marketing, etc.
Direct Arrhythmia Classification from Compressive ECG Signals in Wearable Health Monitoring System

Due to the capacity of processing signal with low energy consumption, compressive sensing (CS) has been widely used in wearable health monitoring system for arrhythmia classification of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. However, most existing works focus on compressive sensing reconstruction, in other words, the ECG signals must be reconstructed before use. Hence, these methods have high computational complexity. In this paper, the authors propose a cardiac arrhythmia classification scheme that performs classification task directly in the compressed domain, skipping the reconstruction stage. The proposed scheme first employs the Pan–Tompkins algorithm to preprocess the ECG signals, including denoising and QRS detection, and then compresses the ECG signals by CS to obtain the compressive measurements. The features are extracted directly from these measurements based on principal component analysis (PCA), and are used to classify the ECG signals into different types by the proposed semi-supervised learning a.
Effects of dietary biotin and linoleate on polyunsaturated fatty acids in tissue phospholipids.

Two experiments with factorial designs were conducted to study the interaction between dietary biotin and linoleate in male broiler chicks. Chicks were fed a purified basal diet containing varying levels of d-biotin (0, 200, or 400 micrograms/kg diet) and linoleate. In Experiment 1, chicks were fed the basal diet containing three levels of added linoleate (.5, 3.1, or 4.1% of diet) for each biotin level and in Experiment 2, four levels of linoleate were fed (.27, .98, 2.00, or 2.20% of diet). The average body weights of chicks fed biotin at 200 micrograms/kg of diet and . 27 or . 5% added linoleate were not different (P greater than .05) from those of chicks fed higher levels of biotin or linoleate supplements to the basal diets. Linoleate deficiency resulted in elevated omega-9 fatty acids (18:1 omega 9 and 20:3 omega 9) in liver and heart phospholipids. For liver phospholipids, linoleate deficiency led to reduced 18:2 omega 6, 20:3 omega 6, and 20:4 omega 6 but for heart phospholipids only 20:4 omega 6 was lowered. Biotin deficiency resulted in elevated 18:3 omega 6 in liver and heart lipids and decreased 20:3 omega 6 in liver phospholipids. Liver microsomes from biotin-deficient chicks contained increased 18:2 omega 6 and reduced 20:3 omega 6 compared with those of biotin-adequate chicks.
Effects of strength training and detraining on muscle quality: age and gender comparisons.

Maximal force production per unit of muscle mass (muscle quality, or MQ) has been used to describe the relative contribution of non-muscle-mass components to the changes in strength with age and strength training (ST). To compare the influence of age and gender on MQ response to ST and detraining, 11 young men (20-30 years), nine young women (20-30 years), 11 older men (65-75 years), and 11 older women (65-75 years), were assessed for quadriceps MQ at baseline, after 9 weeks of ST, and after 31 weeks of detraining. MQ was calculated by dividing quadriceps one repetition maximum (IRM) strength by quadriceps muscle volume determined by magnetic resonance imaging. All groups demonstrated significant increases in IRM strength and muscle volume after training (all p < .05). All groups also increased their MQ with training (all p < .01), but the gain in MQ was significantly greater in young women than in the other three groups (p < .05). After 31 weeks of detraining, MQ values remained significantly elevated above baseline levels in all groups (p < .05), except the older women. These results indicate that factors other than muscle mass contribute to strength gains with ST in young and older men and women, but those other factors may account for a higher portion of the strength gains in young women. These factors continue to maintain strength levels above baseline for up to 31 weeks after cessation of training in young men and women, and in older men.
Modeling of laser metal deposition - An additive manufacturing method

The work presented in this thesis was carried out during the spring of 2016 at the Department of Applied Mechanics at Chalmers University of Technology in Göteborg, in close collaboration with GKN Aerospace in Trollhättan. The aim was to create a computational model inside the Matlab® environment that can be used to simulate temperature distributions in the substrate and the added material during Laser Metal-Wire Deposition (LMwD) of Ti-6Al-4V. Metal 3D-printing has opened up the possibility to go beyond the constraints of geometrical complexity, and enhance energy and manufacturing efficiency. Meanwhile, simulations have become a necessary tool to bridge the relation between process parameters and material properties. Simulations of temperature distributions can yield information that indicate the stability and accuracy of the process, e.g. melting depth, maximum temperature and microstructure. The created model has been validated, and the results show satisfying consistency with experimental data. However, further analysis and comparisons are needed to better validate and increase the accuracy of the model. Sensitivity analysis have been performed and Design of Experiments (DOE) involving the variation of the main process parameters (laser power, laser traverse speed and wire feed rate) has been executed. The results from the DOE have been analysed and a constituting process window for the main process parameters has been established.
Environmental Context Detection for Adaptive Navigation using GNSS Measurements from a Smartphone

The signals that are available for navigation depend on the environment. To operate reliably in a wide range of different environments, a navigation system is required to adopt different techniques based on the environmental contexts. In this paper, an environmental context detection framework is proposed, building the foundation of a context adaptive navigation system. Different land environments are categorised into indoor, urban and open-sky environments based on how Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning performs in these environments. Indoor and outdoor environments are first detected based on the availability and strength of GNSS signals using a hidden Markov model. Then the further classification of outdoor environments into urban and open-sky is investigated. Pseudorange residuals are extracted from raw GNSS measurements in a smartphone and used for classification in a fuzzy inference system alongside the signal strength data. Practical test results under different kinds of environments demonstrate an overall 88.2% detection accuracy is achieved.
Hippocampal Transcriptomic Profiles: Subfield Vulnerability to Age and Cognitive Impairment

The current study employed next-generation RNA sequencing to examine gene expression differences related to brain aging, cognitive decline, and hippocampal subfields. Young and aged rats were trained on a spatial episodic memory task. Hippocampal regions CA1, CA3, and the dentate gyrus were isolated. Poly-A mRNA was examined using two different sequencing platforms, Illumina, and Ion Proton. The Illumina platform was used to generate seed lists of genes that were statistically differentially expressed across regions, ages, or in association with cognitive function. The gene lists were then retested using the data from the Ion Proton platform. The results indicate hippocampal subfield differences in gene expression and point to regional differences in vulnerability to aging. Aging was associated with increased expression of immune response-related genes, particularly in the dentate gyrus. For the memory task, impaired performance of aged animals was linked to the regulation of Ca2+ and synaptic function in region CA1. Finally, we provide a transcriptomic characterization of the three subfields regardless of age or cognitive status, highlighting and confirming a correspondence between cytoarchitectural boundaries and molecular profiling.
The Formation and Sequestration of Nonendogenous Ketocarotenoids in Transgenic Nicotiana glauca1

In Nicotiana glauca, plastids adapt to sequester nonendogenous carotenoids, demonstrating the robustness of plant metabolism to these changes. Ketolated and hydroxylated carotenoids are high-value compounds with industrial, food, and feed applications. Chemical synthesis is currently the production method of choice for these compounds, with no amenable plant sources readily available. In this study, the 4,4′ β-oxygenase (crtW) and 3,3′ β-hydroxylase (crtZ) genes from Brevundimonas sp. SD-212 were expressed under constitutive transcriptional control in Nicotiana glauca, which has an emerging potential as a biofuel and biorefining feedstock. The transgenic lines produced significant levels of nonendogenous carotenoids in all tissues. In leaf and flower, the carotenoids (∼0.5% dry weight) included 0.3% and 0.48%, respectively, of nonendogenous ketolated and hydroxylated carotenoids. These were 4-ketolutein, echinenone (and its 3-hydroxy derivatives), canthaxanthin, phoenicoxanthin, 4-ketozeaxanthin, and astaxanthin. Stable, homozygous genotypes expressing both transgenes inherited the chemotype. Subcellular fractionation of vegetative tissues and microscopic analysis revealed the presence of ketocarotenoids in thylakoid membranes, not predominantly in the photosynthetic complexes but in plastoglobules. Despite ketocarotenoid production and changes in cellular ultrastructure, intermediary metabolite levels were not dramatically affected. The study illustrates the utility of Brevundimonas sp. SD-212 CRTZ and CRTW to produce ketocarotenoids in a plant species that is being evaluated as a biorefining feedstock, the adaptation of the plastid to sequester nonendogenous carotenoids, and the robustness of plant metabolism to these changes.
Natural-fibre composites in structural applications

Publisher Summary A change that has been readily apparent in materials science is the increased interest in and usage of natural fibres extracted from wood or from plants such as hemp, flax, jute, kenaf, ramie and sisal. Natural fibres offer biodegradability, appropriate mechanical properties attributed to their high cellulose content and sustainability, making them attractive alternatives to synthetic reinforcing fibres used in polymer composites. Hence, there has been a strong resurgence in interest in natural fibres over the past decade or so, particularly for reinforcing polymeric materials. Natural fibres, if used in combination with a degradable polymer matrix, also serve as an inexpensive, renewable and less toxic alternative to synthetic fibres, while offering high specific strength and stiffness. This chapter focuses on the current use of biocomposites in semi-structural and structural applications in which they face their greatest challenges to be able to compete against synthetic fibre polymer composites in a wider range of load-bearing applications. Structural applications are loosely defined as those that play a major or principal role in supporting the structure of the final designed component.
Embedded Proofs for Verifiable Neural Networks

The increasing use of machine learning algorithms to deal with large amount of data and the expertise required by these algorithms lead users to outsource machine learning services. This raises a trust issue about their result when executed in an untrusted environment. Verifiable computing (VC) tackles this issue and provides computational integrity for an outsourced computation, although the bottleneck of state of the art VC protocols is the prover time. In this paper, we design a VC protocol tailored to verify a sequence of operations for which existing VC schemes do not perform well on all the operations. We thus suggest a technique to compose several specialized and efficient VC schemes with Parno et al.’s general purpose VC protocol Pinocchio, by integrating the verification of the proofs generated by these specialized schemes as a function that is part of the sequence of operations verified using Pinocchio. The resulting scheme keeps Pinocchio’s property while being more efficient for the prover. Our scheme relies on the underlying cryptographic assumptions of the composed protocols for correctness and soundness.
Comparison of Commercial Calcium Hydroxide Pastes for Prolonged Antibacterial Effect using a Colourimetric Assessment

The anti-microbial activity of calcium hydroxide pastes used in endodontics is dependent on establishing high levels of hydroxyl ions in dentine. This study investigated hydroxyl ion diffusion from different commercial calcium hydroxide pastes using a novel colourimetric method. In this method, human tooth roots were stained with anthocyanin dye, which changed their colour according to the local pH conditions. Prepared root canals were filled with pastes formulated with the vehicle of water (Pulpdent™, Calasept Plus™), polyethylene glycol (PEG) (Calmix™) or a mixture of water, PEG and ibuprofen (Odontocide™). The changes in dye colour at fixed distances from the canal wall were monitored using standardised digital photography over a period of 3 weeks. A repeated measures analysis tracked changes in each root from baseline. Release of hydroxyl ions varied between the different commercial compositions containing water or PEG as solvents. The colour changes in the dentine, due to released hydroxyl ions, were greatest and more prolonged for completely non-aqueous compositions, when using PEG 400 as the vehicle. When water was present in the product, the duration of the pH changes was shorter. This was attributed to the presence of hydroxyl ions in the water (the common-ion effect) and a more vigorous buffering of hydroxyl ions by dentine proteins.
FStream: Managing Flash Streams in the File System

The performance and lifespan of a solid-state drive (SSD) depend not only on the current input workload but also on its internal media fragmentation formed over time, as stale data are spread over a wide range of physical space in an SSD. The recently proposed streams gives a means for the host system to control how data are placed on the physical media (abstracted by a stream) and effectively reduce the media fragmentation. This work proposes FStream, a file system approach to taking advantage of this facility. FStream extracts streams at the file system level and avoids complex application level data mapping to streams. Experimental results show that FStream enhances the filebench performance by 5%∼35% and reduces WAF (Write Amplification Factor) by 7%∼46%. For a NoSQL database benchmark, performance is improved by up to 38% and WAF is reduced by up to 81%.
Association of GH and IGF-1 polymorphisms with growth traits in a synthetic beef cattle breed

The Canchim beef cattle (5/8 Charolais + 3/8 Zebu) has been selected for meat production in Brazil since late 1950. In the present work the effects of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) polymorphisms were investigated in 688 animals born between 1998 and 2000. These animals belonged to two genetic groups, i.e., traditional and new lineages. Genotype effects on expected breeding values for birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW) and yearling weight (YW) were investigated by the least square method. Significant effects were found for GH genotype on YW (p ≤ 0.05), with positive effects associated with the LV (leucine/valine) genotype. For IGF-1 genotypes, significant effects were found on BW (p ≤ 0.01) and YW (p ≤ 0.01). Average substitution effects for IGF-1 alleles estimated by regression analysis suggested a positive effect of the IGF-1 225 bp allele on BW and of the 229 bp allele on YW.
Research note: lack of effect of a live yeast culture on broiler breeder and progeny performance.

Broiler breeders were fed corn and soybean diets containing 0, . 1, . 3, or . 5% of a live yeast culture from 21 through 64 wk of age. In addition to assessing various breeder reproductive variables, chicks from each treatment level were grown to 17 days of age at 30, 40, 50, and 60 wk of breeder age. With the exception of a significant decrease in fertility at the . 3% level, there were no effects on broiler breeder or progeny performance.