Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploration of Pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidines as Antagonists of the Human Chemokine Receptor CXCR2

Upregulated CXCR2 signalling is found in numerous inflammatory, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in cancer. Consequently, CXCR2 antagonism is a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of these disorders. We previously identified, via scaffold hopping, a pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine analogue as a promising CXCR2 antagonist with an IC50 value of 0.11 µM in a kinetic fluorescence-based calcium mobilization assay. This study aims at exploring the structure–activity relationship (SAR) and improving the CXCR2 antagonistic potency of this pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine via systematic structural modifications of the substitution pattern. Almost all new analogues completely lacked the CXCR2 antagonism, the exception being a 6-furanyl-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine analogue (compound 17b) that is endowed with similar antagonistic potency as the original hit.
Model Based Design of a Real Time FPGA-Based Lens Undistortion and Image Rectification Algorithm for Stereo Imaging

Low cost imaging sensors and powerful embedded computers have taken the field of computer vision to new heights. One of the challenges that remains is to shorten the development time that it takes to target one’s algorithm to hardware. This work details the steps necessary to use Model Based Design to first simulate and then to target a stereo rectification and undistortion algorithm to an embedded FPGA system on chip hardware target. In short, Model Based Design provides a mathematical and visual approach to simulating complex systems as well as the capability to generate executable code from those simulations. This work demonstrates what the future of FPGA-based algorithm development might look like by making use of closed loop design techniques with the aid of novel Model Based Design tool flows. We present the use of hardware-abstracted constructs such as ’virtual cameras’ and the capability of pulling images off the target system and feeding them back into the simulation model to help minimize discrepancies between simulation and hardware domains, ultimately reducing the total development time. The developed system is a deterministic real time and low latency implementation as it does not rely on external off chip memory as all necessary buffering is done in the internal FPGA block RAM structures. The design is capable of processing $752\times 480$ images at pixel line rates and is easily expandable to high resolution images. The algorithm being developed is not being touted as novel, rather that it is sufficiently complex in order to demonstrate the power of the Model Based Design tool flows.
Theoretical differential and total cross sections of water-molecule ionization by electron impact

In the present paper, triply, doubly, singly, and total cross sections of the vapor water-molecule ionization are calculated in the distorted-wave Born approximation, without exchange, In these conditions, fair agreementsare found with experimental data, specially in the low and intermediate ejected energy domain (E c <E s , where E e and E s are the ejected and scattered energy, respectively), and an extensive comparison between experimental and theoretical results is given in terms of differential and total cross sections. The present results are also compared to other theoretical ones, specially to results obtained in the plane-wave Born approximation. and in the first-Born approximation frameworks, in order to underline the distortion effect.
Relative phase locking of a terahertz laser system configured with a frequency comb and a single-mode laser

Abstract. Stable operation is one of the most important requirements for a laser source for high-precision applications. Many efforts have been made to improve the stability of lasers by employing various techniques, e.g., electrical and/or optical injection and phase locking. However, these techniques normally involve complex experimental facilities. Therefore, an easy implementation of the stability evaluation of a laser is still challenging, especially for lasers emitting in the terahertz (THz) frequency range because the broadband photodetectors and mature locking techniques are limited. In this work, we propose a simple method, i.e., relative phase locking, to quickly evaluate the stability of THz lasers without a need of a THz local oscillator. The THz laser system consists of a THz quantum cascade laser (QCL) frequency comb and a single-mode QCL. Using the single-mode laser as a fast detector, heterodyne signals resulting from the beating between the single-mode laser and the comb laser are obtained. One of the heterodyne beating signals is selected and sent to a phase-locked loop (PLL) for implementing the relative phase locking. Two kinds of locks are performed by feeding the output error signal of the PLL, either to the comb laser or to the single-mode laser. By analyzing the current change and the corresponding frequency change of the PLL-controlled QCL in each phase-locking condition, we, in principle, are able to experimentally compare the stability of the emission frequency of the single-mode QCL (fs) and the carrier envelope offset frequency (fCEO) of the QCL comb. The experimental results reveal that the QCL comb with the repetition frequency injection locked demonstrates much higher stability than the single-mode laser. The work provides a simple heterodyne scheme for understanding the stability of THz lasers, which paves the way for the further locking of the lasers and their high-precision applications in the THz frequency range.
Fiber Optic Sensors for Harsh and High Radiation Environments in Aerospace Applications

In the upcoming space revolutions aiming at the implementation of automated, smart, and self-aware crewless vehicles and reusable spacecraft, sensors play a significant role in the control systems. In particular, fiber optic sensors, with their small footprint and electromagnetic immunity, represent a great opportunity in aerospace. The radiation environment and the harsh conditions in which these sensors will operate represent a challenge for the potential user in the aerospace vehicle design and the fiber optic sensor specialist. We present a review that aims to be a primer in the field of fiber optic sensors in radiation environments for aerospace. We review the main aerospace requirements and their relationship with fiber optics. We also present a brief overview of fiber optics and sensors based on them. Finally, we present different examples of applications in radiation environments for aerospace applications.
Benford's Law as an Instrument for Fraud Detection in Surveys Using the Data of the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP)

This paper focuses on fraud detection in surveys using Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) data as an example for testing newly methods proposed here. A statistical theorem referred to as Benford's Law states that in many sets of numerical data, the significant digits are not uniformly distributed, as one might expect, but rather adhere to a certain logarithmic probability function. To detect fraud we derive several requirements that should, according to this law, be fulfilled in the case of survey data. We show that in several SOEP subsamples, Benford's Law holds for the available continuous data. For this analysis, we have developed a measure that reflects the plausibility of the digit distribution in interviewer clusters. We are able to demonstrate that several interviews that were known to have been fabricated and therefore deleted in the original user data set can be detected using this method. Furthermore, in one subsample, we use this method to identify a case of an interviewer falsifying ten interviews who had not been detected previously by the fieldwork organization. In the last section of our paper, we try to explain the deviation from Benford's distribution empirically, and show that several factors can influence the test statistic used. To avoid misinterpretations and false conclusions, it is important to take these factors into account when Benford's Law is applied to survey data.
A Novel Method for Predicting Ideal Postoperative Upper Instrumented Vertebra Tilt to Prevent Lateral Shoulder Imbalance after Scoliosis Correction Surgery

Lateral shoulder imbalance (LSI) is reflected radiologically by the clavicle angle (CA). How to achieve postoperative lateral shoulder balance (LSB) after scoliosis correction surgery remains unclear. In the current study, by using the preoperative upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) tilt, the CA, the flexibility between T1 and the UIV, and the ideal postoperative UIV tilt was predicted based on the following formula: ideal postoperative UIV tilt = preoperative UIV tilt—the flexibility between T1 and UIV—preoperative CA. The reliability of the formula was verified through a retrospective analysis, and 76 scoliosis patients were enrolled. The feasibility of this method was verified through a prospective analysis, and 13 scoliosis patients were enrolled. In the retrospective study, there was a significant correlation between the difference in the actual and ideal postoperative UIV tilt values and the postoperative CA, with correlation coefficients in the whole, LSI, and LSB groups of 0.981, 0.982, and 0.953, respectively (p < 0.001). In the prospective study, all patients achieved satisfactory LSB. Using the formula preoperatively to predict an ideal postoperative UIV tilt and controlling the intraoperative UIV tilt with the improved crossbar technique may be an effective digital method for achieving postoperative LSB and has important clinical significance.
An Instrument for the Simultaneous Measurement of the Image and Electric Charge of Hydrometeors

Abstract While past measurements of electric charges on cloud particles have led to some advances toward ascertaining the mechanisms of charge generation, it became evident that an important part of the problem is still unsolved, namely a one-to-one identification of the type of hydrometeor with its electric charge. In order to help solve this problem, an instrument has been developed which allows for the simultaneous measurement of a hydrometeor's shadow-graph and electric charge. The device consists of an induction ring mounted directly behind the sampling aperture of a modified PMS 2D-C probe. The charge information generated as the particle passes through the induction ring is digitally sampled 32 times using a clock synchronized to the particle's position in the ring and these values are stored within the 2D data buffer directly after the image data. This probe may be flown with any data acquisition system capable of recording 2D data. Details of probe operation and calibration results are given alon.
Magnetotransport studies of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures grown on sapphire substrates: Effective mass and scattering time

Temperature-dependent magnetotransport measurements have been carried out on high-quality two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures with different Al content grown on sapphire substrates. The GaN electron effective mass and the quantum scattering time are determined by well-resolved Shunbikov–de Hass oscillations. The electron effective mass is determined to be 19m0. The ratio of the classic scattering time to the quantum scattering time increases with increasing 2DEG sheet carrier density, which agrees very well with the previous calculation based on an ideal 2DEG in conventional semiconductor systems. Our result indicates that a low density of deep centers results in the much higher mobility of our structure compared with other reports, which is of critical importance in fabricating a high-quality 2DEG structure in AlGaN/GaN systems.
Observed and simulated characteristics of down-valley flow within stratiform precipitation over the Olympic Peninsula

Mid-latitude cyclones approaching coastal mountain ranges experience flow modifications on a variety of scales including orographic lift, blocking, mountain waves, and valley flows. During the 2015-16 Olympic Mountain Experiment (OLYMPEX), a pair of scanning ground radars observed precipitating clouds as they were modified by these orographically-induced flows. The DOW radar, positioned to scan up the windward Quinault Valley, conducted RHI scans during 285 hours of precipitation, 80% of which contained reversed, down-valley flow at lower levels. The existence of down-valley flow in the Quinault Valley was found to be well-correlated with upstream flow blocking and the large-scale sea-level pressure gradient orientated down the valley. Deep down-valley flow occurred in environments with high moist static stability and southerly winds, conditions which are common in pre-frontal sectors of midlatitude cyclones in the coastal Pacific Northwest. Finally, a case study of prolonged down-valley flow in a pre-frontal storm sector was simulated to investigate whether latent heat absorption (cooling) contributed to the event. Three experiments were conducted: a Control simulation and two simulations where the temperature tendencies from melting and evaporation were separately turned off. Results indicated that evaporative cooling had a stronger impact on the event’s down-valley flow than melting, likely because evaporation occurred within the low-level down-valley flow layer. Through these experiments, we show that evaporation helped prolong down-valley flow for several hours past the time of the event’s warm frontal passage.
Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated with Depression in 140 Hospitalized Diabetic Patients with Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy Evaluated Using Beck Depression Inventory and 6-Item Neuropathy Total Symptom Score Questionnaire

Background Diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN) is one of the most common and costliest long-term complications. The pain and function limitations may lead to depression. This study aimed to assess the influence of demographic and clinical factors on the prevalence of depression among diabetic patients with distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN). Material/Methods A total of 140 patients with diabetic DSPN completed the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) measuring characteristic attitudes and symptoms of depression. The intensity of neuropathic complaints was assessed using the Neuropathy Total Symptom Score-6 items (NTSS-6). Testing for peripheral neuropathy was performed. All patients completed questionnaires, which included anthropometric measures, social parameters, and medical aspects. Statistical analyses were done using STATISTICA 8 PL software. Results Statistically significant relationships were found between the depression symptoms in diabetic patients and the intensity of subjective neuropathy symptoms evaluated by NTSS-6, body mass index (BMI), and education level. On average, each 1-point increase in NTSS-6 predicted a 16% increase in the risk of depression. Each 1 kg/m2 increase in the BMI was associated with a 10% increase of depression risk. Conclusions The study showed the positive quantitative relationship between diabetic DSPN and depression symptoms. The BMI, severity of neuropathy symptoms, and lower level of education had a statistically significant association with the level of depression and may be useful in evaluating the risk of depression among DSPN patients.
Development of a monte carlo method for numerical analysis on radiative energy transfer through non‐grey‐gas layer

An analytical method is developed to study the radiative energy transfer in a non-grey-gas layer by using a Monte Carlo method. The gas is composed of water vapour, carbon dioxide and nitrogen. The profiles of the monochromatic absorption coefficient of each component gas are calculated by using the Elsasser model and wide band model parameters derived by Edwards. The validity of this method is confirmed by comparing the results of the gas emissivity with the ones obtained from Hottel's chart. By using this method, radiative energy transfer is analysed through a one dimensional gas layer between two parallel solid walls with different temperatures. From the analyses, it is shown that the temperature profile in the gas layer is not properly estimated by using Hottel's gas-emissivity charts, though the net heat flux between the bounding walls is estimated properly.
Positive effects of online games on the growth of college students: A qualitative study from China

Objectives This study aimed to explore the positive effects of online games on college students’ psychological demands and individual growth. Methods A qualitative study design was carried out in September 2021. Semi-structured, in-depth, and individual interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 20 undergraduates who played the online game “Glory of Kings” from six universities. Thematic analysis was employed to explore the positive features caused by “Glory of Kings”. Results College students reported three positive effects of online games, namely, satisfying the need for personal growth, meeting the requirement of social life and promoting academic performance. Conclusion College educators and families should take advantage of the positive effect of online games to guide college students to use online games reasonably.
Innovative Integration of Severe Weather Forecasts into an Extended Arrival Manager

In the H2020 project “Satellite-borne and INsitu Observations to Predict The Initiation of Convection for ATM” (SINOPTICA), an air traffic controller support system was extended to organize approaching traffic even under severe weather conditions. During project runtime, traffic days with extreme weather events in the Po Valley were analyzed, an arrival manager was extended with a module for 4D diversion trajectory calculation, two display variants for severe weather conditions in an air traffic controller primary display were developed, and the airport Milano Malpensa was modelled for an air traffic simulation. On the meteorological side, three new forecasting techniques were developed to better nowcast weather events affecting tactical air traffic operations and used to automatically organize arrival traffic. Additionally, short-range weather forecasts with high spatial resolution were elaborated using radar-based nowcasting and a numerical weather prediction model with data assimilation. This nowcast information was integrated into the extended arrival manager for the sequencing and guiding of approaching aircraft even in adverse weather situations. The combination of fast and reliable weather nowcasts with a guidance support system enables severe weather diversion coordination in combination with a visualization of its dynamics on traffic situation displays.
A reverse pendulum bath cryostat design suitable for low temperature scanning probe microscopy

A new low temperature, ultrahigh vacuum cryostat design has been developed for atomic force and scanning tunnelling microscopy measurements. A microscope can be operated at 5 K in ultrahigh vacuum. The microscope body is thermally connected to a reverse pendulum and completely surrounded by a radiation shield. The design allows in situ dosing and irradiation of the sample as well as for easy access of tip and sample. The temperature performance and the vibrational properties of the reverse pendulum design are demonstrated in detail. A brief overview of low temperature instrumentation in scanning probe microscopy is given.
Usefulness of Intraoperative ultrasound for cortical dysplasia type I treatment - A single-center experience

Background: Focal cortical dysplasias (FCD) cause a subgroup of malformations of cortical development that has been closely linked to cause drug intractable epilepsy. Attaining adequate and safe resection of the dysplastic lesion has proved to be a viable option to archive meaningful seizure control. Of the three types of FCD (types I, II, and III), type I has the least detectable architectural and radiological abnormalities. This makes it challenging (preoperatively and intraoperatively) to achieve adequate resection. Intraoperatively, ultrasound navigation has proven an effective tool during the resection of these lesions. We evaluate our institutional experience in surgical management of FCD type I using intraoperative ultrasound (IoUS). Methods: Our work is a retrospective and descriptive study, where we analyzed patients diagnosed with refractory epilepsy who underwent IoUS-guided epileptogenic tissue resection. The surgical cases analyzed were from January 2015 to June 2020 at the Federal Center of Neurosurgery, Tyumen, only patients with histological confirmation of postoperative CDF type I were included in the study. Results: Of the 11 patients with histologically diagnosed FCD type I, 81.8% of the patients postoperatively had a significant reduction in seizure frequency (Engel outcome I-II). Conclusion: IoUS is a critical tool for detecting and delineating FCD type I lesions, which is necessary for effective post-epilepsy surgery results.
Multi-class remote sensing change detection based on model fusion

ABSTRACT Change detection in remote sensing images has an important impact in various application fields. In recent years, great progress has been made in the change detection methods of multiple types of ground objects, but there are still limited recognition capabilities of the extracted features, resulting in unclear boundaries, and the accuracy rate needs to be improved. To address these issues, we use a high-resolution network (HRNet) to generate high-resolution representations and add new data augmentation methods to improve its accuracy. Secondly, we introduce the model of Transformer structure —— CSWin and HRNet to fuse to improve the performance and effect of the model. In order to enhance the model’s ability to perceive ground objects at different scales, a feature fusion network suitable for multi-class semantic segmentation is designed, named A-FPN. This feature fusion network is introduced between the CSWin backbone network and the semantic segmentation network. The experimental results show that the fusion method greatly improves the accuracy to 89.31% on the SECOND dataset, significantly reduces false detections, and recognizes the edges of objects more clearly. And achieved good results in the three evaluation indicators of precision, recall, and F1-score.