Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Llangorse volcanic field, British Columbia

The Llangorse volcanic field is located southeast of Atlin, British Columbia, and is part of the larger Atlin volcanic district of the Northern Cordilleran volcanic province. The Llangorse volcanic field comprises seven localities of Neogene to Quaternary volcanic rocks: Hirschfeld Creek–Line Lake, Mount Sanford, Llangorse Mountain (sites 1, 2, 3, and 4), and Chikoida Mountain. The compositions of lava from these centres include olivine nephelinite, basanite, and alkali olivine basalt; all of the Llangorse Mountain sites are basanite. During the summer of 2002, the Llangorse Mountain sites and Chikoida Mountain were mapped in detail as part of the Atlin Targeted Geoscience Initiative, and the results are described in this paper. These exposures of volcanic rocks represent erosional remnants of valley-filling lava flows. Furthermore, many of these volcanic rocks show features that suggest impoundment against or eruption under ice. Page 1 Résumé : Le champ volcanique de Llangorse est situé au sud-est d’Atlin, en Colombie-Britannique, et appartient au plus vaste district volcanique d’Atlin de la province volcanique de la Cordillère du Nord. Le champ volcanique compte sept localités de roches volcaniques datant du Néogène au Quaternaire : ruisseau Hirschfield/lac Line, mont Sanford, mont Llangorse (sites 1, 2, 3 et 4) et mont Chikoida. La composition des laves de ces centres révèlent de la néphélinite à olivine, de la basanite et du basalte alcalin à olivine; les laves de tous les sites du mont Llangorse se composent de basanite. Dans le cadre du projet d’Atlin de l’Initiative géoscientifique ciblée, on a procédé à la cartographie détaillée des sites du mont Llangorse et du mont Chikoida au cours de l’été 2002. Les résultats obtenus sont décrits dans le présent rapport. Ces affleurements de roches volcaniques constituent des lambeaux d’érosion de coulées de lave formant le remblayage de vallées. De plus, bon nombre de ces roches volcaniques présentent des caractéristiques qui laissent supposer qu’elles se sont accumulées contre un glacier ou qu’elles ont fait éruption sous des masses de glace.
A time-series of methane and carbon dioxide production from dairy cows during a period of dietary transition

Abstract Emissions from dairy farms are contributing to the increased concentrations of greenhouse gases which are linked to recent climate change. Altering diets has been proposed as a greenhouse gas mitigation strategy in dairy systems. The magnitude of mitigation and the time taken for cows to adapt to new diets has not been comprehensively quantified. Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by dairy cows was measured for six weeks using the sulphur hexafluoride tracer technique following a change in diet; from barley straw and protein supplements to grazed grass. CH4 and CO2 production increased linearly as the animals adapted to their new diets, however, production did not reach an asymptote six weeks into the grazing period. This suggested that metabolic activity and greenhouse gas emissions may not have been at their maximum. There was substantial variation between individuals with high emitting cows producing four times more CH4 than low producing cows. Cows which produced greater amounts of CH4 consistently also produced greater CO2. We demonstrate that feeding regime plays an important role in determining greenhouse gas emissions and we highlight that transition periods in greenhouse gas models and future experiments must be sufficiently large to allow for adaptation.
Investigating the Role of OrbF in Biofilm Biosynthesis and Regulation of Biofilm-Associated Genes in Bacillus cereus BC1

Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), a prevalent foodborne pathogen, constitutes a substantial risk to food safety due to its pronounced resilience under adverse environmental conditions such as elevated temperatures and ultraviolet radiation. This resilience can be attributed to its capacity for biofilm synthesis and sustained high viability. Our research aimed to elucidate the mechanisms governing biofilm biosynthesis in B. cereus. To this end, we constructed a 5088-mutant library of the B. cereus strain BC1 utilizing the transposon TnYLB-1. Systematic screening of this library yielded mutants exhibiting diminished biofilm formation capabilities. Twenty-four genes associated with the biofilm synthesis were identified by reverse PCR in these mutants, notably revealing a significant reduction in biofilm synthesis upon disruption of the orbF gene in B. cereus BC1. Comparative analysis between the wild type and orbF-deficient BC1 strains (BC1ΔorbF) indicated a marked downregulation (decreased by 11.7% to 96.7%) in the expression of genes implicated in biofilm formation, flagellar assembly, and bacterial chemotaxis in the BC1ΔorbF. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) further corroborated the role of OrbF, demonstrating its binding to the promoter region of the biofilm gene cluster, subsequently leading to the suppression of transcriptional activity of biofilm-associated genes in B. cereus BC1. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of orbF in biofilm biosynthesis in B. cereus, highlighting its potential as a target for strategies aimed at mitigating biofilm formation in this pathogen.
Affiliate Stigma Among Caregivers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role of Coping Strategies and Perceived Social Support

Caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may experience stigma due to ASD-related symptoms. However, factors such as coping strategies and perceived social support might impact the affiliate stigma they experience. To date, no research has explored the association between ASD symptom severity and affiliate stigma, considering the role of coping strategies and perceived social support in different cultural contexts. This study aimed to test a hypothesized model in which coping strategies and perceived social support mediate the association between children’s ASD symptom severity and caregivers’ affiliate stigma. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 392 caregivers of children with ASD in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using structured interviews with eligible caregivers at a developmental and behavioral disorder clinic, five daycare centers, and three schools. The hypothesized model was tested using structural equation modeling. The study found that caregivers of children with ASD reported experiencing affiliate stigma. Additionally, as the severity of children’s ASD symptoms increased, caregivers’ perceptions of affiliate stigma also increased. However, both maladaptive coping strategies and perceived social support mediated this relationship. The findings emphasize the importance of addressing the psychosocial needs of caregivers of children with ASD, particularly by decreasing the use of maladaptive coping strategies and providing social support to minimize their experience of affiliate stigma.
Side Effects of Immunity: The Rise of African Slavery in the US South

Why did African slavery rise in the southern United States? The novel empirical evidence presented in this paper reveals that (i) malaria was a major determinant for the rise and spread of African slavery in the US South and (ii) malaria resistance made sub-Saharan Africans especially attractive for employment in these regions. We show that African enslaved labor was massively introduced in the United States after the spread of a deadly malaria species, and that it remained largely concentrated in the more malariainfested areas of the South. We further document that more malaria-resistant slaves, i.e. those born in the most malaria-ridden regions of Africa, commanded higher prices.
Digital duty-cycle correction circuit for clock paths in radiation-tolerant high-speed wireline transmitters

Ongoing developments in the field of radiation-tolerant high-speed transmitters (HSTs) aim at increasing the data rates above 25 Gb/s while increasing total ionizing dose (TID) tolerance above 1 Grad. The use of half-rate architectures imposes tight constraints on clock signal quality, in particular its duty-cycle. Radiation degradation of transistors in the clock path causes duty cycle distortion (DCD), affecting the output signal quality of the HST. In this paper, a digitally controlled duty-cycle correction circuit suitable for HST is presented. It compensates for process voltage temperature (PVT) variations as well as radiation-induced duty-cycle distortion of the clock.
Tibial Component Revision Arthroplasty Using Porous Tantalum Cone for Symptomatic Progressive Periprosthetic Proximal Tibial Ganglion Cyst about All-Polyethylene Tibia Primary Total Knee Replacement: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Introduction: Intraosseous ganglion cysts are an uncommon variant found in the subchondral bone. We report here the development of an intraosseous ganglion cyst of the proximal tibia in the setting of a prior left total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with an all-polyethylene tibial component. Case Report: The cyst was diagnosed on routine follow-up radiographs approximately 4 years status post-TKA. Although initially asymptomatic, 1 year later the patient presented with progressive knee pain and ambulation limitations, so revision TKA was indicated. Computed tomography confirmed an osteolytic lesion suggestive of a penetrating ganglion. Given the absence of malrotation or malalignment of the well-fixed femoral component, the decision was made to proceed with tibial revision to stemmed component cemented through a porous tantalum cone. Postoperatively, the patient had complete resolution of pain and instability with 0–120° of stable range of motion, which has persisted to the latest follow-up at over 6 months post-operative, with radiographic resolution of the cyst. Conclusion: This case demonstrates a ganglion cyst surrounding total knee implants as a possible source of persistent pain following TKA. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such a case. This case demonstrates that refractory painful knee implants secondary to tibial ganglion cysts can be treated successfully with revision arthroplasty.
Seasonal variation of heavy metal speciation in soil and stream sediments from hospital waste dumpsite in Ilesa, Southwestern Nigeria

A speciation study of selected heavy metals in soil and stream sediments around a hospital waste dumpsite was investigated. Sequential extraction procedure was used to fractionate the metals into 4 fractions: Exchangeable and bound to carbonate, oxyhydroxide of Fe and Mn, organic matter and the residual fraction. Speciation analysis of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb in soil revealed that a major portion of the metals were associated with the residual fraction. The exchangeable and carbonate fraction was the most important fraction for Mn(Dry/Wet) and Zn(Dry/Wet) with an average of (27%, 35.6%) Mn and (20.8%, 27.3% ) Zn. Cd, Fe and Cu were associated with the oxyhydroxide of Fe and Mn fraction with an average of (61%, 44.2%) Cd(Dry/Wet), (41%, 21%) Fe(Dry/Wet) and (25.3%, 22.5%) Cu(Dry/Wet). A significant amount of Pb(Dry/Wet) (10.7%, 21.8%) was bound to organic fraction during dry and wet season respectively. In sediments, Mn(Dry/Wet) occurred mainly in exchangeable and carbonate fraction (45.2%, 29.3%), Fe(Dry/Wet) and Cd(Dry/Wet) in the oxyhydroxide of Fe and Mn fraction were (41%, 31.2%) and (26.6%, 93.6%) respectively and the amount of Pb(Dry/Wet) bound to the organic fraction was (86.9%, 27.3%). A significant amount of Cu(Dry/Wet) (20.8%, 29.4%) was bound to the organic fraction and Zn(Dry/Wet) (35.5%, 73%) was retained in the residual fraction. In soil and sediments, Mn was potentially more bioavailable. However, the level of lead in organic matter fraction of soil suggest that it may be remobilized under oxidizing condition, hence, bioavailable. Keywords: Speciation, hospital waste, heavy metal, sediments, soil.
Workbench for Post-editing of Translations from English and Hindi to Dravidian Languages

In this paper we discuss about the translator’s workbench which provides the translator with various types of post-editing tools to facilitate the speeding up of the translation process. Post-editing is the process of correcting/ changing the machine generated translation to a syntactically and semantically correct translation. This work bench is specifically customized to handle the correction of translation from English and Hindi to Tamil and Malayalam from three machine translation systems, the Google unpaid version, Google paid version and Sampark System (Indian language to Indian Language MT system, Govt. of India). The tools in the workbench include the domain dictionaries, technical term translation correction, Grammatical correction modules where verbs are checked and corrected, Appropriate word selector with morph generator and interactive translation prediction where the users edits are automatically stored and predict if there is a similar error is encountered. We conducted a field trial of our post editor and it is found that it reduced the time taken to produce the final translation. This paper reports work in progress.
Induced Effects Of Magnetic Field On The Retina Of Rat's Eye

H UMAN intervention and the application of electrical energy in everyday life have led to the fact that magnetic fields are considered one of the constituents of the environment. In fact, these fields have harmful effects on biological systems. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of magnetic fields on the retina of a rat’s eye. At the same time, some biophysical properties of hemoglobin for a group of rats exposed to different magnetic fields were detected. Forty-eight mature male Wister rats weighing (150 – 180 g) were exposed to magnetic fields in the range from 120 Gauss to 160 Gauss. An electroretinogram (ERG) of all the retinas was recorded, and the retina was collected from a rat’s eye and and tested through Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) fragmentation. This was followed by testing effect of a magnetic field (MF) on hemoglobin by measuring viscosity and conductivity. The data indicated that there is no change in all the measured parameters of the retina and blood after exposure to 120 and 130 Gauss. Furthermore, there was a decline in visual function and an increase in DNA fragmentation by increasing the exposure dose up to 160 Gauss. The results also showed a significant increase (p≤0.001) in both relative viscosity and electrical conductivity of blood after exposure to 130 Gauss and this increase continued until the exposure of rats to 160 Gauss. The present results suggested that the magnetic field exposure may induce ROS generation oxidative stress, which is an early step leading to cellular damage after exposure and consequently changes in ERG (retinal function). MF exposure caused apoptosis in retinal tissue and alterations in the blood characteristics.
A Systematic Investigation of Research Trends of ELT and EFL Found in JEES and JEFL Journals

Global demand for English as a foreign language (EFL) has generated a demand for learning options that maintain students motivated to study the language. The purpose of this study is to analyze ELT and EFL trends using published JEES and JEFL publications as a basis. The period under examination was from 2019 to 2023. Researchers investigated the 229 studies that were published in journals throughout this time period, concentrating on providing an overview of the methodology, subjects, and data collection techniques of the populations that were studied. In order to address the emerging topics in contemporary EFL and ELT research, we have also attempted to provide a summary of the literature's major findings. Thus, this work provides a thorough synthesis and analysis of current research trends in EFL and ELT in Indonesia. Furthermore, most of the studies featured university students and adults as well as teachers from general education. The results of this study show that the most discussed topics in both journals are about teaching practices and methods. The researcher also found extensive use of multimedia and ICT, through which we can identify a viable path for enhancing language learning, teaching, and future research. This review highlights the need for sustainable interventions and studies with diverse populations in the expanding field of EFL.
Enseñanza híbrida: una innovación docente departamental partícipe de la transformación digital universitaria

Introducción: usar la tecnología digital se reconoce como una estrategia en las políticas educativas en la educación superior. Este trabajo tiene el objetivo de analizar el sentido innovador del uso de la enseñanza híbrida por el Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Salvador Allende. Métodos: se desarrolló una investigación descriptiva, con enfoque cualitativo, basada en el estudio de caso. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis, inducción-deducción, histórico lógico y el ascenso de lo abstracto a lo concreto; y empíricos: revisión documental y grupo focal.Resultados: se determinaron criterios que admitieron la consideración de la enseñanza híbrida, mediante el uso docente del aula virtual, como una innovación docente departamental.Conclusiones: la introducción de la enseñanza híbrida por el Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Salvador Allende constituye una innovación docente que participa en la transformación digital de la docencia médica.
Computation of Real-Fluid Thermophysical Properties Using a Neural Network Approach Implemented in OpenFOAM

Machine learning based on neural networks facilitates data-driven techniques for handling large amounts of data, either obtained through experiments or simulations at multiple spatio-temporal scales, thereby finding the hidden patterns underlying these data and promoting efficient research methods. The main purpose of this paper is to extend the capabilities of a new solver called realFluidReactingNNFoam, under development at the University of Perugia, in OpenFOAM with a neural network algorithm for replacing complex real-fluid thermophysical property evaluations, using the approach of coupling OpenFOAM and Python-trained neural network models. Currently, neural network models are trained against data generated using the Peng–Robinson equation of state assuming a mixture’s frozen temperature. The OpenFOAM solver, where needed, calls the neural network models in each grid cell with appropriate inputs, and the returned results are used and stored in suitable OpenFOAM data structures. Such inference for thermophysical properties is achieved via the “Neural Network Inference in C made Easy (NNICE)” library, which proved to be very efficient and robust. The overall model is validated considering a liquid-rocket benchmark comprised of liquid-oxygen (LOX) and gaseous-hydrogen (GH2) streams. The model accounts for real-fluid thermodynamics and transport properties, making use of the Peng–Robinson equation of state and the Chung transport model. First, the development of a real-fluid model with an artificial neural network is described in detail. Then, the numerical results of the transcritical mixing layer (LOX/GH2) benchmark are presented and analyzed in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency. The results of the overall implementation indicate that the combined OpenFOAM and machine learning approach provides a speed-up factor higher than seven, while preserving the original solver accuracy.
Sex Differences in Conversion Risk from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer’s Disease: An Explainable Machine Learning Study with Random Survival Forests and SHAP

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) exhibits sex-linked variations, with women having a higher prevalence, and little is known about the sexual dimorphism in progressing from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to AD. The main aim of our study was to shed light on the sex-specific conversion-to-AD risk factors using Random Survival Forests (RSF), a Machine Learning survival approach, and Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) on dementia biomarkers in stable (sMCI) and progressive (pMCI) patients. With this purpose, we built two separate models for male (M-RSF) and female (F-RSF) cohorts to assess whether global explanations differ between the sexes. Similarly, SHAP local explanations were obtained to investigate changes across sexes in feature contributions to individual risk predictions. The M-RSF achieved higher performance on the test set (0.87) than the F-RSF (0.79), and global explanations of male and female models had limited similarity (<71.1%). Common influential variables across the sexes included brain glucose metabolism and CSF biomarkers. Conversely, the M-RSF had a notable contribution from hippocampus, which had a lower impact on the F-RSF, while verbal memory and executive function were key contributors only in F-RSF. Our findings confirmed that females had a higher risk of progressing to dementia; moreover, we highlighted distinct sex-driven patterns of variable importance, uncovering different feature contribution risks across sexes that decrease/increase the conversion-to-AD risk.
Re-analysis of gene mutations found in pituitary stalk interruption syndrome and a new hypothesis on the etiology

Background Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by varied pituitary hormone deficiencies, leading to severe manifestations across multiple systems. These include lifelong infertility, short stature, mental retardation, and potentially life-threatening pituitary crises if not promptly diagnosed and treated. Despite extensive research, the precise pathogenesis of PSIS remains unclear. Currently, there are two proposed theories regarding the pathogenic mechanisms: the genetic defect theory and the perinatal injury theory. Methods We systematically searched English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase) and Chinese databases (CNKI, WanFang Med Online, Sinomed) up to February 24, 2023, to summarize studies on gene sequencing in PSIS patients. Enrichment analyses of reported mutated genes were subsequently performed using the Metascape platform. Results Our study included 37 articles. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed mutated genes were enriched in the Notch signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, and Hedgehog signaling pathway. GO enrichment analysis demonstrated mutated genes were enriched in biological processes such as embryonic development, brain development, axon development and guidance, and development of other organs. Conclusion Based on our summary and analyses, we propose a new hypothesis: disruptions in normal embryonic development, partially stemming from the genetic background and/or specific gene mutations in individuals, may increase the likelihood of abnormal fetal deliveries, where different degrees of traction during delivery may lead to different levels of pituitary stalk interruption and posterior lobe ectopia. The clinical diversity observed in PSIS patients may result from a combination of genetic background, specific mutations, and variable degrees of traction during delivery.