Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conduct Disorder : Causes and Prevention

Conduct disorder (CD) is characterized by a pattern of behaviour that violates the basic rights of others or age-appropriate norms and rules of society. CD is extremely challenging for parents, teachers, and mental health professionals. The common symptoms of CD are aggression, theft, lying, destruction, vandalism and violation of societal norms and basic rights of others. The cause of CD is believed to be a combination of genetic vulnerability, environmental and family factors. Certain children have a genetic vulnerability to this disorder. When that vulnerability is combined with certain high-risk environmental factors, such as poverty, violence exposure, media, peer effects and some family factors such as parental neglect, marital discord, parental illness, parental alcoholism, and having a parent with antisocial personality disorder, chances of CD increase. The selection of treatment depends on severity of problems. If situation demands and for better effective treatment a combination of treatment can be used. Among all the available therapies psychological therapy is considered the most effective therapy. Conduct Disorder: Causes and Prevention In the modern era traditional patterns of guiding the relationships and transitions between family, school and work are being challenged. Social relations that ensure a smooth process of socialization are collapsing; lifestyle trajectories are becoming more varied and less predictable. The restructuring of the labour market, the extension of the maturity gap (the period of dependence of young adults on the family) and, arguably, the more limited opportunities to become an independent adult are all challenges influencing relationships with family and friends, educational opportunities and choices, leisure activities and lifestyles. Developed countries as well as developing countries both are facing this situation. The pressure is more on developing countries because there are new pressures on young people undergoing the transition from childhood to adolescents. Rapid population growth, the unavailability of housing and support services, poverty, unemployment and underemployment among Psychopathological Disorders Biopsychosocial Analysis Publish by Global Vision Publishing House Edited by
Static Fuzzy Bag-of-Words: Exploring Static Universe Matrices for Sentence Embeddings

Vector semantics has slightly become a key tool for Natural Language Processing, especially concerning text analysis. This kind of vector representation is usually encoded through embeddings that can be used to encode semantic information at different levels of granularity. In fact, through the years, not only models for word embeddings have been developed, but also for sentence and documents. With this work we address sentence embeddings , in particular the non-parametric ones, which offer a good trade off between performance and inference speed. We present Static Fuzzy Bag-of-Word (SFBoW) model, a refinement of the Fuzzy Bag-of-Words approach yielding fixed-dimension sentence embeddings. We targeted fixed size embeddings to promote caching a re-usability, speeding the inference of a system that relies on our model. In this paper we explore various approaches for the construction of a static universe matrix , fundamental to make the sentence embeddings of fixed size. To show the validity of our approach, we benchmarked our model on a semantic similarity task, obtaining competitive performances.
Mechanisms of Ageing and Development

Several non-invasive imaging techniques are used to investigate the effect of pathologies and treatments over time in mouse models. Each preclinical in vivo technique provides longitudinal and quantitative measurements of changes in tissues and organs, which are fundamental for the evaluation of alterations in phenotype due to pathologies, interventions and treatments. However, it is still unclear how these imaging modalities can be used to study ageing with mice models. Almost all age related pathologies in mice such as osteoporosis, arthritis, diabetes, cancer, thrombi, dementia, to name a few, can be imaged in vivo by at least one longitudinal imaging modality. These measurements are the basis for quantification of treatment effects in the development phase of a novel treatment prior to its clinical testing. Furthermore, the non-invasive nature of such investigations allows the assessment of different tissue and organ phenotypes in the same animal and over time, providing the opportunity to study the dysfunction of multiple tissues associated with the ageing process. This review paper aims to provide an overview of the applications of the most commonly used in vivo imaging modalities used in mouse studies: micro-computed-tomography, preclinical magneticresonance-imaging, preclinical positron-emission-tomography, preclinical single photon emission computed tomography, ultrasound, intravital microscopy, and whole body optical imaging. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Wealth Accumulation and Activity Choice Evolution Among Amazonian Forest Peasant Households

This paper examines investment and livelihood decisions among forest peasant households in the Amazonian floodplain. A dynamic household model of multiple asset accumulation and activity choice under risk and credit constraints is developed by incorporating natural resource use and human capital evolution. Asset portfolios and sectoral incomes are estimated and then simulated to investigate the endowment and lifecycle dependency as well as the convergence/divergence of asset accumulation and corresponding activity choices. Physical asset endowment (especially land) and different human capital evolutions across activities help to explain forest peasants' livelihood choices, distinctive asset portfolios, and divergent income outcomes over the lifecycle.
The Common Reflection Surface Stack – Part I : Theory

The simulation of a zero-offset (ZO) section from multi-coverage reflection data for 2-D media is a widely used seismic reflection imaging method that reduces the amount of data and enhances the signal-to-noise ratio. The aim of the CRS stack method is not only to improve the resulting stack section but also to determine parameters that are useful with respect to a subsequent inversion. The main advantage of the common reflection surface (CRS) stack is the use of analytical formulae that describe the kinematic reflection response of inhomogeneous media with curved interfaces but do not depend on a macro velocity model. For the travel time estimation the CRS stack uses circular wavefronts that are associated with the local dips and radii of curvatures of the reflectors. The result of this approach yields a stacking surface in the data set for each point in the simulated ZO section. These concepts are based on ideas of de Bazelaire (1986), de Bazelaire and Thore (1987), Gelchinsky (1988), Keydar et al. (1990) and Berkovitch et al. (1994). However, we give no review of their methods but use a different approach for the derivation of the formulae involved in the CRS stack. For constant velocity media we derive exact formulae for the CRS stack. In order to extend these formulae to inhomogeneous media we use attributes of hypothetical waves that would be observed at the surface (Hubral (1983)). The resulting formulae depend on these a priori unknown attributes, which can be determined by a search procedure involving coherency analysis (Taner and Koehler (1969)). Besides the stack section, one obtains a coherency section and various attribute sections. The coherency section is helpful to identify the locations of reflection events. There, one can subsequently use the attributes to derive the a priori unknown macro velocity model (Hubral and Krey (1980), Goldin (1986)). Taylor series expansions of the CRS surface provide explicit formulae. Additionally, these formulae allow to split the search procedure into separate steps in order to reduce the computational costs: e. g. , the search of the required attributes can be first performed in the CMP gathers and afterwards in the resulting CMP stack section, a concept introduced by de Bazelaire and Thore (1987). 1email: ghoecht@gpiwap4.physik. uni-karlsruhe.de 7
GEOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AND TREATMENT MEASURES FOR HIGHWAY TUNNEL THROUGH ANCIENT LANDSLIDE

Due to lacking of knowledge of geological conditions in the survey and design stage,or requirements to improve the road line,highway tunnels can be constructed in large ancient landslide mass.For example,the Chuanzhusi tunnel is constructed in a large ancient landslide.This paper bases on the geological conditions of landslide occurrence and the tunnel.A detailed analysis is done on the system characteristics of the ancient landslide.Through investigation and by the construction of geological and mechanical methods,this paper studies the tunneling in through the ancient landslide.It turns up the geological characteristics of the problem,such as holes,rocks and collapse and deformation and failure mechanisms,and suggests remediation measures.The research result for the construction of the tunnel passing through the ancient landslide has an important significance.
TIDAL FLAT SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS AND TRANSPORT TRENDS ALONG THE NORTHERN BANK OF HANGZHOU BAY

During November 2004,surficial sediment samples were collected from the upper part of the tidal flat on the northern bank of Hangzhou Bay.Grain size analysis of the samples,using a Mastersize2000 layer particle sizer,shows that the major constituent of the sediment is silt,with the mean grain size mainly between 5 and 6.5 Φ. The other grain size parameters,i.e.sorting coefficient,skewness and kurtosis,are indicative of the deposit formed in a high energy tidal environment.The sediment is poorly sorted and positively skewed,with a broad kurtosis.Results from the Gao-Collins model for grain size trend analysis show that the sediment transport is directed to west near Haiyan and Luchao Port,but to east between Zhapu and Tuolin.Compared with the residual current patterns in the adjacent waters,the transport trend along the northern bank has the same direction as the residual current.This agreement is related to the inherent relationship between suspended sediment transport and residual currents in this estuarine system,which provides suspended sedimentary materials to the tidal flat.
The Bene ̄ ts of Shallow Pockets ¤

This paper argues that a commitment to `shallow pockets', namely by limiting the size of funds raised initially, may improve an investor's ability to deal with entrepreneurial agency problems. Shallow pockets allow the investor to create competition for continuation ̄nance between her portfolio entrepreneurs. Although this increases the investor's ex post bargaining power vis-μa-vis entrepreneurs ̄nanced by her, we show that it can nevertheless improve ex ante e®ort incentives as well as allow sorting across entrepreneurial types, when neither of which can be achieved through contractual means. As a result, our paper provides an endogenization of a widespread phenomenon in venture capital ̄nance, namely provisions that limit a venture capital fund's size and make it more di±cult to attract further investors after the fund has been raised.
University of Birmingham Imaging nanoscale nuclear structures with expansion microscopy

Commonly applied super-resolution light microscopies have provided insight into subcellular processes at the nanoscale. However, imaging depth, speed, throughput and cost remain significant challenges, limiting the numbers of three-dimensional (3D) nanoscale processes that can be investigated and the number of laboratories able to undertake suchanalysis. Expansion microscopy(ExM) solves manyof these limitations, but its application to imaging nuclear processes has been constrained by concerns of unequal nuclearexpansion. Here, we demonstrate the conditions for isotropic expansion of the nucleus at a resolution equal to or better than 120 – 130 nm (pre-expansion). Using the DNA damage response proteins BRCA1, 53BP1 (also known as TP53BP1) and RAD51 as exemplars, we quantitatively describe the 3D nanoscale organisation of over 50,000 DNA damage response structures. We demonstrate the ability to assess chromatin-regulated events and show the simultaneous assessment of four elements. This studythusdemonstrateshowExM can contribute tothe investigationof nanoscale nuclear processes.
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS AND PETROGRAPHY OF DENİZLİ TRAVERTINES

Denizli havzasindaki Kuvaterner-guncel traverten olusumlarinda saha ve mikroskobik ozelliklerine gore 9 litofasiyes tanimlanmistir. Bunlar: 1) kristalin kabuk, 2) cali, 3) pizolit, 4) sal, 5) zarfli hava kabarciklan, 6) kamis, 7) litoklast, 8} cakilli traverten, 9} eski toprak olusumlaridir. Ayirtlanan litofasiyesler cesitli birliktelikler halinde yamac, cokuntu, tumsek, sirt ve kanal depolanma ortamlarinda cokelmislerdir. Ayrica bu ana depolanma ortamlan kendi iclerinde alt ortamlara ayrilmtstir. Bazi traverten orneklerinden yapilan izotop analizlerine gore. 13C izotop degerleri 0,35 ile 6.70 %o arasinda;0 O degerleri ise -6.47 ile -15.10 %0 arasinda genis bir dagilim sunmakta olup, litofasiyeslerin yapilarina ve ortamlarina gore izotopik anlamda bir gruplasma ortaya cikmaktadir.
Numerical reconstructions of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets through the last glacial-interglacial cycle

Abstract. A 3-dimensional thermo-mechanical ice-sheet model is used to simulate the evolution of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets through the last glacial-interglacial cycle. The ice-sheet model is forced by the results from six different atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The climate evolution over the period under study is reconstructed using two climate equilibrium simulations performed for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and for the present-day periods and an interpolation through time between these snapshots using a glacial index calibrated against the GRIP δ18O record. Since it is driven by the timing of the GRIP signal, the temporal evolution of the ice volume and the ice-covered area is approximately the same from one simulation to the other. However, both ice volume curves and spatial distributions of the ice sheets present some major differences from one AGCM forcing to the other. The origin of these differences, which are most visible in the maximum amplitude of the ice volume, is analyzed in terms of differences in climate forcing. This analysis allows for a partial evaluation of the ability of GCMs to simulate climates consistent with the reconstructions of past ice sheets. Although some models properly reproduce the advance or retreat of ice sheets in some specific areas, none of them is able to reproduce both North American or Eurasian ice complexes in full agreement with observed sea-level variations and geological data. These deviations can be attributed to shortcomings in the climate forcing and in the LGM ice-sheet reconstruction used as a boundary condition for GCM runs, but also to missing processes in the ice-sheet model itself.
On the equivalence of dynamic relaxation and the Newton-Raphson method: application to the design and analysis of bending-active structures

Dynamic relaxation is a form-finding and analysis method that has proven its effectiveness in the context of tension/compression structures such as cable nets, membranes and tensegrity structures. Recently, however, an increasing interest in bending-active structures has stimulated researchers to include the effects of bending and torsion in the dynamic relaxation process, using either Three-Degree-of-Freedom (3-DoF) beam elements (Barnes et al. [4]), or 4-DoF beam elements (Du Peloux et al. [12], D’Amico et al. [10]), or 6-DoF beam elements (Li and Knippers [13]). The stability and convergence speed of the dynamic relaxation solver depends on the choice of the fictitious masses for all degrees of freedom. Although 6-DoF beam elements are in principle preferred over 3-DoF and 4-DoF beam elements because of their higher accuracy (D’Amico et al. [10]), their use in dynamic relaxation is hindered by the fact that no heuristic rules are available for the choice of the fictitious masses. In this paper the numerical stability of the dynamic relaxation solver is investigated for 6-DoF beam elements using modal analysis. A fictitious mass matrix proportional to the stiffness matrix is put forward as the most suitable choice considering numerical stability and convergence, as it causes all eigenfrequencies of the structure to coincide. Moreover, it is shown that for this choice of mass matrix and a specific choice for the damping ratio and the time step, the dynamic relaxation method becomes identical to the Newton-Raphson method, which is well known for its fast convergence. For numerically challenging problems, the stability of the classic Newton-Raphson method can be improved by increasing the damping ratio and/or decreasing the time step. We applied the proposed approach to three test cases involving bending-active structures in order to verify its accuracy and convergence speed. The results show that the dynamic relaxation routine indeed converges in a very small number of iterations, while still maintaining the accuracy of 6-DoF beam elements. The combination of high accuracy and low computation time makes this approach well-suited for both the form finding and the analysis of spatial structures undergoing large displacements.
An Enhanced CPU Scheduler for XEN Hypervisor to Improve Performance in Virtualized Environment

In Virtualization technology the CPU scheduling is crucial. How to adjust the virtual machine corresponding to the physical machine will affect the overall system performance. According to the Xen Credit Scheduler, each virtual CPU is asynchronously assigned to a physical CPU, but in the concurrent program it will result in considerable waste of CPU time. In this paper, a solution is proposed for the synchronization problem of a concurrent program. By modifying the Xen Credit Scheduler, threads in the concurrent program can be synchronized and the performance in concurrent workload is greatly enhanced. The waste of CPU time can be reduced and achieve higher throughput while keeping the design of the scheduler to be light weight, fair and efficient. With the proposed scheduler, more VMs can be deployed while achieving the same throughput, thus gain greater utilization of resources and better energy efficiency.
Microbial status of irrigation water for vegetables as affected by cultural practices

Human pathogens present in irrigation water can be transmitted to plants. Consumption of fruits and vegetables irrigated with pathogen-contaminated water can cause illness in humans. Leafy vegetables that are consumed fresh are particularly prone to cause such illnesses. Understanding the microbiota of irrigation water and its decontamination and introducing some preventative pre-harvest cultural practices can help procure hygienically safe horticultural produce. Variations were found in water indicator organisms, including heterotrophic plate counts, total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli and faecal enterococci, at five different sampling sites in an irrigation water distribution system (IWDS) on a commercial vegetable-growing farm. 454-pyrosequencing data showed that the IWDS bacterial community was dominated by Bacteriodetes and Proteobacteria, with classes within these phyla, including Flavobacteriia, Sphingobacteriia, α-, β- and γ-Proteobacteria, being found at all five sampling sites. The genera Arcicella, Flavobacterium, Limnohabitans, Sejongia, Fluviicola, Escherichia, Clostridium and Legionella were present at various sites. Indicator organisms and the pathogen Salmonella in the IWDS were significantly reduced by photocatalytic treatment in most cases. Pre-harvest cultural practices to reduce pathogen load, including cessation of irrigation with contaminated water three days before harvest and decreasing the water regime of the growing medium for leafy vegetables, were assessed. The results showed that an attenuated gfp-tagged E. coli O157:H7 decreased with increasing time to harvest after cessation of irrigation, but were present in the plant phyllosphere three days after cessation, irrespective of dose applied. Similarly, both attenuated gfp-tagged E. coli O157:H7 and an attenuated strain of L. monocytogenes persisted in vegetables grown at a reduced water regime in the growing medium. Total microbiota and Enterobacteriaceae remained unchanged on plants after cessation of irrigation with contaminated water and on plants grown on different water regimes. Use of contaminated irrigation water for leafy vegetable production should thus be avoided. Photocatalytic treatment can be used to decontaminate irrigation water.
European guideline for the management of chancroid, 2011

Chancroid is a sexually acquired disease caused by Haemophilus ducreyi. The infection is characterized by one or more genital ulcers, which are soft and painful, and regional lymphadenitis which may develop into buboes. The infection may easily be misidentified due to its rare occurrence in Europe and difficulties in detecting the causative pathogen. H. ducreyi is difficult to culture. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can demonstrate the bacterium in suspected cases. Antibiotics will usually be efficient for curing chancroid.
Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring in Clear Creek, California, from October 2008 through September 2009

—The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) has been conducting a juvenile salmonid monitoring project in Clear Creek, Shasta County, California, using a rotary screw trap (RST) at river mile (rm) 1.7 since December 1998. This monitoring project has three primary objectives: 1) calculate an annual juvenile passage index (JPI) for Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead / rainbow trout (O. mykiss) (STT), for inter-year comparisons and analyses of effectiveness of stream restoration activities; 2) obtain juvenile salmonid life history information including size, emergence timing, emigration timing, and potential factors limiting survival at various life stages; and 3) collect otolith and genetic samples from juvenile salmonids for analyses and developing baseline markers for the Clear Creek salmonid populations. Chinook run classifications show that late-fall, winter, spring and fall Chinook salmon were captured in our RST. However, due to overlapping spawn timing of spring and fall Chinook, and presence of both, it was problematic to index the juvenile passage using the RST at rm 1.7. Since 2003, we have used a weir to isolate adult spring Chinook upstream of rm 8.1 or in some cases rm 7.4. To better estimate the passage of juvenile spring Chinook, we placed a second RST at rm 8.3. Passage indices with 90% and 95% confidence intervals were generated for latefall, spring and fall Chinook salmon from Broodyear (BY) 2008 and steelhead / rainbow trout from BY 2008 Age 0+ and BY 2009 Age 0. The spring Chinook index for BY 2008 from the Upper Clear Creek (UCC) RST was 96,166 for redds above the RST and was 121,622 after adjusting for redds below the RST and above the separation weir. The indices of passage for BY 2008 from the Lower Clear Creek (LCC) RST were as follows: 45,903 late-fall, 80,152 spring and 8,451,186 fall-run Chinook salmon. The steelhead / rainbow trout indices from LCC were as follows; 537 BY 2008 Age 0+, and 30,487 BY 2009. Mark and recapture trials were conducted from December 2008 through mid-May 2009 to determine RST efficiency at both locations and ranged from 1.4% to 16.5%. Due to high captures of juvenile STT, 3 mark and recapture trials with STT were conducted in late April. Efficiencies ranged from 5.4% to 6.2%. For consistency with previous years estimates, we did not use these efficiencies in our passage estimates but we will continue to pursue conducting them based on catch in the LCC trap.