Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Slicing Approach for Test Case Generation

Automated test data generation is a challenging task in software engineering research. Despite all the advancement, software testing continues to be the most time and resource consuming aspect of software development. One aspect of Automated Testing is generation of test data for each predicate involved in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagram of the modeled software. The test data generation also needs to consider the dependencies of each predicate on other constraints in the model. In this paper, a new algorithm called Slicing_for_Testcase_Generation (STCG), based on slicing, is proposed for automatic test data generation. Our approach is based on construction of sets by considering the program dependencies which is more efficient compared to the traditional path approach. Depending upon the program dependencies for a given predicate, we obtain a slice for it i.e., for a given model and predicate our approach efficiently generates test cases by considering only the relevant constraints present in the model. The implementation of our approach is presented and experiments were carried out for various UML diagrams. Our experimental results show that the proposed approach is an efficient one than the traditional path approach.
Evolving a cooperative population of neural networks by minimizing mutual information

Evolutionary ensembles with negative correlation learning (EENCL) is an evolutionary learning system for learning and designing neural network ensembles (Liu et al., 2000). The fitness sharing used in EENCL was based on the idea of "covering" the same training patterns by shared individuals. This paper explores connection between fitness sharing and information concept, and introduces mutual information into EENCL. Through minimization of mutual information, a diverse and cooperative population of neural networks can be evolved by EENCL. The effectiveness of such evolutionary learning approach was tested on two real-world problems.
EVects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in a patient with Wxation-oV sensitivity

Aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute and long-term eVects of low-frequency repet- itive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on focal epileptiform interictal EEG activity in a patient with Wxation-oV sensitivity and partial epilepsy. Real and sham rTMS were delivered over the vertex. Two trains of 500 stimuli per day were delivered at 0.33 Hz fre- quency and threshold intensity for Wve consecutive days. The number of posterior EEG spikes and spike- and-wave complexes/min before and after the applica- tion of rTMS were compared in a blinded manner. In our patient, real-rTMS induced a long-lasting decrease in the number of posterior EEG spikes and spike-and- wave complexes/min. Despite the limitations of a sin- gle case report, our study conWrms that low-frequency rTMS signiWcantly reduces interictal focal epileptic activity over time.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Exploits Asparagine to Assimilate Nitrogen and Resist Acid Stress during Infection

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen. Within macrophages, M. tuberculosis thrives in a specialized membrane-bound vacuole, the phagosome, whose pH is slightly acidic, and where access to nutrients is limited. Understanding how the bacillus extracts and incorporates nutrients from its host may help develop novel strategies to combat tuberculosis. Here we show that M. tuberculosis employs the asparagine transporter AnsP2 and the secreted asparaginase AnsA to assimilate nitrogen and resist acid stress through asparagine hydrolysis and ammonia release. While the role of AnsP2 is partially spared by yet to be identified transporter(s), that of AnsA is crucial in both phagosome acidification arrest and intracellular replication, as an M. tuberculosis mutant lacking this asparaginase is ultimately attenuated in macrophages and in mice. Our study provides yet another example of the intimate link between physiology and virulence in the tubercle bacillus, and identifies a novel pathway to be targeted for therapeutic purposes.
Exploring Cluster Elliptical Galaxies as Cosmological Standard Rods

We explore the possibility of calibrating massive cluster elliptical galaxies as cosmological standard rods using the fundamental plane relation combined with a correction for luminosity evolution. Although cluster ellipticals certainly formed in a complex way, their passive evolution out to redshifts of about 1 indicates that basically all major merging and accretion events took place at higher redshifts. Therefore, a calibration of their luminosity evolution can be attempted. We propose to use the Mg-σ relation for that purpose because it is independent of distance and cosmology. We discuss a variety of possible caveats, ranging from dynamical evolution to uncertainties in stellar population models and evolution corrections to the presence of age spread. Sources of major random and systematic errors are analyzed as well. We apply the described procedure to nine elliptical galaxies in two clusters at z = 0.375 and derive constraints on the cosmological model. For the best-fitting Λ-free cosmological model we obtain q0 ≈ 0.1, with 90% confidence limits being 0 < q0 < 0.7 (the lower limit being due to the presence of matter in the universe). If the inflationary scenario applies (i.e., the universe has flat geometry), then, for the best-fitting model, matter and Λ contribute about equally to the critical cosmic density (i.e., Ωm ≈ ΩΛ ≈ 0.5). With 90% confidence, ΩΛ should be smaller than 0.9.
An open NFV and cloud architectural framework for managing application virality behaviour

One of the key goals of Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is achieving energy efficiency through workload consolidation. A good example for maximizing energy savings is the Virtualization of Content Delivery Networks (vCDNs) NFV use case where the video streaming workloads exhibit significant difference between prime-time and non-prime-time usage of the infrastructure. This paper examines the practical challenges in maximizing energy efficiency for vCDN workloads. This paper proposes an open NFV architectural framework for conveying content virality information from Cloud applications such as YouTube, Twitter and mechanisms for leveraging it to maximize the energy efficiency for vCDN workloads. This paper also proposes a more general architecture for any Cloud/NFV application that may experience virality.
An Algorithm for Image Authentication Based on Fragile Watermarking

The algorithm of discrete wavelet transform and Arnold transform combined is developed to achieve the integrity authentication of color image contents through embedding fragile watermarking. Firstly, a new watermarking image is generated with the XOR between the original binary watermarking and the image which is processed with Arnold transform. When the watermark is embedded, the original image color is converted first and the brightness component is decomposed into three discrete wavelets. Then, the low-frequency approximation sub-image of third-level is extracted, and its least significant bit is set 0. Finally, the new watermark is embedded into its least significant bit. Through comparing the pixels of original watermarking image with that of the extracted watermarking image, it can be determined whether the watermarking image has been tampered, and the tampered area of the original color image is located. The results of simulation experiment shows that the algorithm has the strong capabilities of detection and location and it also can keep the original image quality well.
LDL receptor binds newly synthesized apoE in macrophages. A precursor pool for apoe secretion.

There appear to be multiple post-translational sites for regulation of macrophage apolipoprotein (apo)E secretion, including the presence of a distinct cell surface pool of apoE. Cell surface proteoglycans have been shown to be involved in forming this pool. The current studies were designed to investigate the role of an additional cell surface site, i.e., the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor. Antiserum to the LDL receptor displaced apoE from the macrophage cell surface and into the medium during a 4 degrees C incubation from apoE-expressing J774 cells, from proteoglycan-depleted apoE-expressing J774 cells, and from human monocyte-derived macrophages. Similar results were obtained when purified monoclonal antibody to the LDL receptor was added to human monocyte-derived macrophages. J774 cells transfected to express an LDL receptor binding-defective mutant of apoE did not show a similar response to addition of LDL receptor antibody. Studies were conducted in which cells were pulse labeled for 30 min, followed by various periods of chase at 4 degrees C or 37 degrees C in the presence or absence of LDL receptor antibody. The results of these studies indicated that nascent macrophage-derived apoE binds to the LDL receptor, and that this apoE served as a precursor pool for apoE released into the medium. These studies establish a role for the LDL receptor in forming the cell surface pool of apoE and, along with data regarding the importance of proteoglycans, indicate that cell surface binding sites for nascent macrophage-derived apoE are heterogeneous. The heterogeneity of such sites could have implication for the size and turnover of this cell surface pool.
Dissection of a Quantitative Trait Locus for PR Interval Duration Identifies Tnni3k as a Novel Modulator of Cardiac Conduction

Atrio-ventricular conduction disease is a common feature in Mendelian rhythm disorders associated with sudden cardiac death and is characterized by prolongation of the PR interval on the surface electrocardiogram (ECG). Prolongation of the PR interval is also a strong predictor of atrial fibrillation, the most prevalent sustained cardiac arrhythmia. Despite the significant genetic component in PR duration variability, the genes regulating PR interval duration remain largely elusive. We here aimed to dissect the quantitative trait locus (QTL) for PR interval duration that we previously mapped in murine F2 progeny of a sensitized 129P2 and FVBN/J cross. To determine the underlying gene responsible for this QTL, genome-wide transcriptional profiling was carried out on myocardial tissue from 109 F2 mice. Expression QTLs (eQTLs) were mapped and the PR interval QTL was inspected for the co-incidence of eQTLs. We further determined the correlation of each of these transcripts to the PR interval. Tnni3k was the only eQTL, mapping to the PR-QTL, with an established abundant cardiac-specific expression pattern and a significant correlation to PR interval duration. Genotype inspection in various inbred mouse strains revealed the presence of at least three independent haplotypes at the Tnni3k locus. Measurement of PR interval duration and Tnni3k mRNA expression levels in six inbred lines identified a positive correlation between the level of Tnni3k mRNA and PR interval duration. Furthermore, in DBA/2J mice overexpressing hTNNI3K, and in DBA.AKR. hrtfm2 congenic mice, which harbor the AKR/J “high-Tnni3k expression” haplotype in the DBA/2J genetic background, PR interval duration was prolonged as compared to DBA/2J wild-type mice (“low-Tnni3k expression” haplotype). Our data provide the first evidence for a role of Tnni3k in controlling the electrocardiographic PR interval indicating a function of Tnni3k in atrio-ventricular conduction.
TV ADVERTISING, PROGRAMMING INVESTMENTS, AND PRODUCT-MARKET OLIGOPOLY *

We present a model of the TV-advertising market that encompasses both the product markets and the market for TV programs. We argue that the TV industry has several idiosyncratic characteristics that need to be modeled, and show that the strategic interaction in this industry differs from other industries in many respects. We find that a move from a TV monopoly to a TV duopoly may reduce both the total number of viewers and the total amount of TV advertising. A softening of price competition in each product market results in more investment in programming, higher price per advertising slot, and more advertising. A reduction of the number of firms in each product market may have the opposite effect if the price competition in the product market is sufficiently soft initially. Finally, we find that even small asymmetries between product markets can cause large asymmetries with respect to which producers buy advertising on TV.
Hiding Traces of Image Inpainting

This study presents a new image inpainting method based on affine transformation for security. In the traditional image inpainting process, removed object is filled by patches in other regions of the same image. The tamper of the image is easy to be found out by copy-move detection. Thus, the usage of image inpainting in image forgery or other image security field is limited. In this study, the patch, which is used to fill the removed object, is processed by affine transform. This method is resistant to copy-move detection. The image quality is also well preserved.
Essays on Herd Behavior — Theory and Criticisms

“Four eyes see more than two”! that information gets more precise being aggregated from more people is proverbial. Problems occur only when the aggregation of information does not run smoothly, for example if information is not communicated directly but revealed through people’s actions. This is what the branch of literature studying imitative and herd-like behavior is concerned with. The concepts of herd behavior and informational cascades were first formalized in 1992 by Banerjee (1992) and Bikhchandani, Hirshleifer, and Welch (1992) (hereafter BHW). Herd behavior in financial markets and the resulting price bubbles had been observed since long before, without any available theoretical explanation; so when the paper by BHW was published, the model was embraced to serve as an explanation of these phenomena. However, while the results prove to be highly applicable to examples from cultural change to the spread of technology, the applicability to the functioning of financial markets is more delicate, as we will show in this essay. The basic model involves agents acting one after another, maximizing their expected gain, the payoff depending on their decision and the underlying state. Their information consists of a private signal about the state and the actions of their predecessors. We call herd behavior the situation where a history of actions
Computation of the simplest normal form for the singularity of two non-semisimple double zero eigenvalues

In this paper a method is presented for computing the simplest normal form for a vector field associated with the singularity of two non-semisimple double zero eigenvalues. The method developed here uses the lower order nonlinear terms in the normal form for the simplifications of higher order terms. An explicit formulae are derived, which can be used to compute the coefficients of the simplest normal form and the associated nonlinear transformation. The theoretical model for the nonlinear oscillation of a simply supported rectangular thin plate is given to demonstrate the computational efficiency of the method.
Geometry based heuristics for unit disk graphs

Unit disk graphs are intersection graphs of circles of unit radius in the plane. We present simple and provably good heuristics for a number of classical NP-hard optimization problems on unit disk graphs. The problems considered include maximum independent set, minimum vertex cover, minimum coloring and minimum dominating set. We also present an on-line coloring heuristic which achieves a competitive ratio of 6 for unit disk graphs. Our heuristics do not need a geometric representation of unit disk graphs. Geometric representations are used only in establishing the performance guarantees of the heuristics. Several of our approximation algorithms can be extended to intersection graphs of circles of arbitrary radii in the plane, intersection graphs of regular polygons, and to intersection graphs of higher dimensional regular objects.
Effects of Four Days Hiking on Postural Control

Hiking is a demanding form of exercise that may cause delayed responses of the postural muscles and a loss of somatosensory information, particularly when repeatedly performed for several days. These effects may negatively influence the postural control of hikers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a four-day hike on postural control. Twenty-six adults of both sexes travelled 262 kilometers, stopping for lunch and resting in the early evening each day. Force platforms were used to collect center of pressure (COP) data at 100 Hz for 70 seconds before hiking started and immediately after arriving at the rest station each day. The COP time course data were analyzed according to global stabilometric descriptors, spectral analysis and structural descriptors using sway density curve (SDC) and stabilometric diffusion analysis (SDA). Significant increases were found for global variables in both the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions (COP sway area, COP total sway path, COP mean velocity, COP root mean square value and COP range). In the spectral analysis, only the 80% power frequency (F80) in the anterior-posterior direction showed a significant increase, reflecting the increase of the sway frequencies. The SDC revealed a significant increase in the mean distance between peaks (MD) and a significant decrease in the mean peak amplitudes (MP), suggesting that a larger torque amplitude is required for stabilization and that the postural stability is reduced. The SDA revealed a decrease in the long-term slope (Hl) and increases in the short-term (Ks) and the long-term (Kl) intercepts. We considered the likelihood that the presence of local and general fatigue, pain and related neuromuscular adaptations and somatosensory deficits may have contributed to these postural responses. Together, these results demonstrated that four days of hiking increased sway frequencies and deteriorated postural control in the standing position.
Generalized training based channel identification

In this paper, we address the general problem of identifying convolutive channels when several training sequences are inserted in the transmitted data symbols stream. We analyze the general situation where the training sequences differ from each other. We consider quasi-static channels (i.e. the sampling period is several orders of magnitude below the coherence time of the channel). There are no requirements on the length of the training sequence and all the received symbols that contain contributions from the training symbols are used for the identification. We first propose an iterative method that quickly converges to the maximum likelihood (ML) channel estimate. We also derive a simple closed form expression that approximates the ML channel estimate.
* -algebras of Finitely Aligned Higher-rank Graphs

We generalise the theory of Cuntz-Krieger families and graph algebras to the class of finitely aligned k-graphs. This class contains in particular all row-finite k-graphs. The Cuntz-Krieger relations for non-row-finite k-graphs look significantly different from the usual ones, and this substantially complicates the analysis of the graph algebra. We prove a gauge-invariant uniqueness theorem and a Cuntz-Krieger uniqueness theorem for the C∗algebras of finitely aligned k-graphs.
Recursive Construction of the Bosonic Bogoliubov Vacuum State

In this work we derive a novel procedure for obtaining the bosonic Bogoliubov vacuum states by using a recursive scheme. The vacuum state for the new creation and annihilation operators is explicitly constructed in terms of the number states of the old operators, which are connected by a Bogoliubov transformation. The coefficients of the ground state in Fock basis are thus obtained as exclusive functions of the parameters of the Bogoliubov transformations.
Graphene Nucleation Density on Copper: Fundamental Role of Background Pressure

In this paper we discuss the effect of background pressure and synthesis temperature on the graphene crystal sizes in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on copper catalyst. For the first time, we quantitatively demonstrate a fundamental role of the background pressure and provide the activation energy for graphene nucleation in atmospheric pressure CVD (9 eV), which is substantially higher than for the low pressure CVD (4 eV). We attribute the difference to a greater importance of copper sublimation in the low pressure CVD, where severe copper evaporation likely dictates the desorption rate of active carbon from the surface. At atmospheric pressure, where copper evaporation is suppressed, the activation energy is assigned to the desorption energy of carbon clusters instead. The highest possible temperature, close to the melting point of copper, should be used for large single crystal graphene synthesis. Using these conditions, we have synthesized graphene single crystals with sizes over 0.5 mm. Single crysta.
Towards a Common Software-to-Hardware Allocation Framework for the Heterogeneous High Performance Computing

In the domain of high performance computing, software deployment on heterogeneous distributed processing units has been in practice for many years. However, new hardware technologies, increased complexity of software and significant increase of requirements demand new methods that can manage these concerns in an efficient way. In this paper we propose a new optimization framework that in a systematic way addresses a general allocation model, the software and deployment architectures, and, based on the user preferences, provides a software deployment solution regardless of number of quality attributes used. Additionally, we present the input models to the allocation process capable of describing a number of software and hardware configurations, and a two-step allocation algorithm capable of harnessing these models.
spillovers , patents and the incentives to innovate in Japan and the United States

National surveys of R&D labs across the manufacturing sectors in the US and Japan show that intraindustry R&D knowledge flows and spillovers are greater in Japan than in the US and the appropriability of rents due to innovation less. Patents in particular are observed to play a more central role in diffusing information across rivals in Japan, and appear to be a key reason for greater intraindustry R&D spillovers there, suggesting that patent policy can importantly affect information flows. Uses of patents differ between the two nations, with strategic uses of patents, particularly for negotiations, being more common in Japan. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
The image processing and target identification of laser imaging fuze

Imaging detection can get the geometric shape and exterior features of target in very close distance, and supply the information for target recognition. But because of the large amount of the information and the real-time requirement, the image of target is always distorted and incomplete.To solve this probolem,the image proecessing and target identification method of laser imaging fuze are introduced. Firstly,a thinning algorithm for binary image is proposed to get the target skeleton. Secondly, the feature of the target is extracted, this kind of feature is very helpful on the hardware design of system. Finally ,the FMW (Feature Mapping Wave) network is developed from M-P network and ART theory to recognitize target status. This kind of image processing system including plane target identification and the engagement of missile and plane identification. The validity of the system has been validated.