Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Antibacterial Ionic Liquids Moieties under Multiple Routes and their Catalytic Responses

Substituted imidazolium salts were prepared under conventional and solvent free condition using silica mediated Muffle furnace methods. Solvent free approach is much more facile than the conventional. We have studied the catalytic activities of imidazolium type of ionic liquids for Pechmann reaction under solvent free as well as conventional approaches using various solvents like THF, acetone, ethanol, methanol and DMSO. Among these solvents, DMSO showed an excellent solvent effect. Solvent free reaction is nearly fifty times faster than the conventional. Antibacterial screening of eight synthesized imidazolium salts were carried out against Gram positive/Gram negative pathogens under disc diffusion and MIC methods. Host-guest interactions are studied between our synthesized ionic liquids and human pathogenic bacteria’s via hydrogen bonding and Vanderwalls interaction under docking analysis.
Synthesis and characterization of antibacterial polychelates of urea–formaldehyde resin with Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) metal ions

We studied the reaction between urea and formaldehyde with the purpose of preparing new polychelates of Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) metal ions. These compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, electronic spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and molar conductance measurements. The percentage of metal in all of the polychelates was found to be consistent with 1:1.5 (metal/ligand) stoichiometry. The thermal behaviors of these coordination polymers were studied by TGA in a nitrogen atmosphere up to 750°C. The TGA results reveal that the complexes had higher thermal-resistance properties compared to the common urea–formaldehyde resin. The molar conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements of the synthesized polychelates confirmed the geometry of the complexes. The antibacterial activity of the polychelates was also investigated with agar diffusion methods. The antibacterial activity of these polychelates was found to be reasonably good compared with standard drugs, namely, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, and kanamycin. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 928–936, 2006
A comparison study of 2006 Java earthquake and other Tsunami earthquakes

We have revised our preliminary slip model of July 17 2006 Java earthquakes by combined inverting teleseismic body wave and long period surface waves. Our preferred solution has a smaller dip angle (6 deg.) and larger moment magnitude (7.9) than the solution of Global CMT. The earthquake initiated at a depth around 12 km and ruptured southeast for 160 sec with a speed of 1.0-1.2 km/sec, consistent with our preliminary estimation. After applying the same methodology to study the rupture processes of two previous “Tsunami” earthquakes, 1992 Nicaragua and 1994 Java earthquakes, we compare their slip distributions, relationship with sea floor heterogeneity, and relationship with seismicity (white dots, Engdahl et al, 1998). Moment rate functions Motivation Can we get a better estimation to the fault rupture in downdip direction? 2006 AGU Fall Meeting S21A-0125 1994 Java Earthquake 1992 Nicaragua Earthquake 2006 Java Earthquake Example: 2006 Kuril island Earthquake -20 0 20 40 60 8
Computation of satellite clock-ephemeris augmentation parameters for dual-frequency multi-constellation satellite-based augmentation system

: Dual-frequency multi-constellation (DFMC) satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) does not broadcast fast correction, which is important in reducing range error in L1-only SBAS. Meanwhile, the integrity bound of a satellite at low elevation is so loose that the service availability is decreased near the boundary of the service area. Therefore, the computation of satellite clock-ephemeris (SCE) augmentation parameters needs improvement. We propose a method introducing SCE prediction to eliminate most of the SCE error resulting from global navigation satellite system GNSS broadcast message. Compared with the signal-in-space (SIS) after applying augmentation parameters broadcast by the wide area augmentation system (WAAS), SIS accuracy after applying augmentation parameters computed by the proposed algorithm is improved and SIS integrity is ensured. With global positioning system (GPS) only, the availability of category-I (CAT-I) with a vertical alert level of 15 m in continental United States is about 90%, while the availability in the other part of the WAAS service area is markedly improved. With measurements made by the stations from the crustal movement observation network of China, users in some part of China can obtain CAT-I (vertical alert limit is 15 m) service with GPS and global navigation satellite system (GLONASS).
Fish Bulletin No. 69. Age and Length Composition of the Sardine Catch off the Pacific Coast of the United States and Canada, 1941–42 through 1946–47

Author(s): Felin, Frances E; Phillips, Julius B | Abstract: Since November, 1919, the California Division of Fish and Game has been gathering data to contribute to the understanding of causes underlying changes in abundance of the sardine,Sardinops caerulea. A knowledge of the relative proportions of the various age groups of fish in the population is an important element in such studies.Prior to 1924, an attempt was made by Thompson and assistants to read the age marks on the scales and otoliths of this species, but results did not prove satisfactory. However, an indirect method of assessing age by tracing dominant size groups through the fishery was continued. During the period 1928–1933, a study of otoliths of sardines taken in the California fishery was made by H. C. Godsil, but this also proved unsatisfactory. In March, 1938, Walford and Mosher of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service started examination of the scales and otoliths of sardines, commencing with the young and later including older fish. This study established the validity of the method of reading scales to determine age in the sardine. The scale method was recommended as more advantageous in some respects than the otolith method, particularly after a rather simple method of mounting scales dry and projecting their enlarged images was developed.Starting with the 1941–42 season in California a comprehensive program for scale collecting and age reading was undertaken jointly by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the California Division of Fish and Game. The Fisheries Research Board of Canada, the Washington State Department of Fisheries, and the Fish Commission of Oregon participated in the work by adding the collection of scales from sardines in northern waters. Their collections were included in the age-reading project. This report deals with the first six seasons of age determinations and presents the age composition of the catch without interpretation of the data.
Inorganic and stable isotope geochemistry of tropical Atlantic/Caribbean planktonic foraminifera : implications for the reconstruction of upper ocean temperatures and stratification

Planktonic foraminifera from tropical Atlantic and Caribbean sediment-surface samples (0-1 cm) show general westward-directed increasing calcification depths depending on the east-west increase in thermocline depth. Positively related planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca and carbonate ion concentration in the Caribbean show well preserved Mg/Ca down to depths about 1.5 km above the lysocline, which equals a carbonate ion concentration of 26-18 µmol/kg. Species-specific calibrations of Mg/Ca with d18O-derived calcification temperatures reveal similar exponential and differing preexponential constants for shallow- and thermocline-dwelling compared to deep-dwelling species. For multispecies, a "warm water" and a "cold water" calibration was derived. Alteration of deep-sea sediments in the vicinity of the Bahama platform results in micro-scale inorganic crystallites on planktonic foraminiferal tests, which synchronize the absence of high Mg-calcite from the sediments. Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca of the crystallites are 4-6 times elevated and 2-3 times depleted, respectively, compared to the original foraminiferal test.
ESTIMATION OF CARBON MASS FLUXES OVER EUROPE FOR 1997 -1999, USING A PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY MODEL (PEM), REMOTE SENSING AND EUROFLUX DATA

One of the aims of the EU funded project Long-Term regional Effects of climate change on European Forests (LTEEF II) dealing with impact assessment and consequences for carbon budgets, was to quantify the fluxes of carbon and water between forest and atmosphere and to assess the continental scale carbon balance of forests in Europe. This paper presents the results of the application of a Production Efficiency Model (PEM named C-Fix) at the European continental scale, calibrated and validated with Euroflux data and applied in the framework of the LTEEF II project.
Life after breast cancer: understanding women's health-related quality of life and sexual functioning.

PURPOSE To describe the health-related quality of life (HRQL), partner relationships, sexual functioning, and body image concerns of breast cancer survivors (BCS) in relation to age, menopausal status, and type of cancer treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional sample of BCS in two large metropolitan areas was invited to participate in a survey study that included the following standardized measures: the RAND 36-Item Health Survey; the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D); the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS); the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial (BCPT) Symptom Checklist; the Watts Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (WSFQ); and subscales from the Cancer Rehabilitation Evaluation System (CARES). RESULTS Eight hundred sixty-four BCS completed the survey. RAND Health Survey scores were as good or better than those of healthy, age-matched women, and the frequency of depression was similar to general population samples. Marital/partner adjustment was similar to normal healthy samples, and sexual functioning mirrored that of healthy, age-matched postmenopausal women. However, these BCS reported higher rates of physical symptoms (eg, joint pains, headaches, and hot flashes) than healthy women. Sexual dysfunction occurred more frequently in women who had received chemotherapy (all ages), and in younger women who were no longer menstruating. In women > or = 50 years, tamoxifen therapy was unrelated to sexual functioning. CONCLUSION BCS report more frequent physical and menopausal symptoms than healthy women, yet report HRQL and sexual functioning comparable to that of healthy, age-matched women. Nevertheless, some survivors still experience poorer functioning, and clinicians should inquire about common symptoms to provide symptomatic management or counseling for these women.
Symbolic Reasoning in Spiking Neurons: A Model of the Cortex/Basal Ganglia/Thalamus Loop

We present a model of symbol manipulation implemented using spiking neurons and closely tied to the anatomy of the cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus. The model is a generalpurpose neural controller which plays a role analogous to a production system. Information stored in cortex is used by the basal ganglia as the basis for selecting between a set of inferences. When an inference rule is selected, it commands the thalamus to modify and transmit information between areas of the cortex. The system supports special-case and general-purpose inferences, including the ability to remember complex statements and answer questions about them. The resulting model suggests modifications to the standard structure of production system rules, and offers a neurological explanation for the 50 millisecond cognitive cycle time.
Fluid closures for the modelling of reconnection and instabilities in magnetotail current sheets

The integration of kinetic effects in fluid models is important for global simulations of the Earth’s magnetosphere. Although magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), which is currently used for large scale modelling in space weather research, is a useful tool, there are other physical effects not included in the MHD model which are important at smaller scales such as the Hall effect, the pressure tensor and electron inertia. In this thesis we use a two-fluid ten-moment model, which includes the pressure tensor of both species, to study some of the phenomena associated with magnetotail dynamics – magnetic reconnection, current sheet instabilities and ballooning instabilities, followed by global simulations in which these processes interact. We first introduce an extension of existing ten-moment models by using a nonlocal heat flux, which approximates Landau damping in the fluid framework, followed by a study of magnetic reconnection during the merging of two flux tubes or magnetic islands. We then perform linear calculations and simulations of the drift-kink and lower hybrid drift instabilities in thin current sheets, and simulations of the ballooning instability in current sheets with curved mangetic geometries. Comparisons to kinetic simulations show the improvements compared to MHD and standard two-fluid models as well as the limitations of the ten-moment model. We then perform simulations which include a dipole field and self-consistent formation of the magnetotail current sheet and show that the stretching and disruption of the sheet, which is expected to occur during magnetic substorms, can be captured by the model. Finally, in an exploration of how the moment equations can be extended and what additional insight is gained from higher moment models, we use the maximum entropy method to reconstruct particle distributions in reconnection regions. The results show that without information other than the moments, the model can reproduce the general structure of the distributions but not all of the finer details.
Selection and evaluation of optimal segmentation scale for high-resolution remote sensing images based on prior thematic maps and image features

Abstract. Multiscale segmentation is the premise and key step of geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA), but scale selection remains a challenge in multiscale segmentation. Over the years, scale selection and evaluation in image segmentation has been extensively explored and many methods have been developed. In these methods, when a scale is chosen or evaluated, all the features are generally extracted from images. In addition, an optimal scale is generally selected based on the pre-estimation of the statistical variance in remote sensing images or determined based on the postsegmentation evaluation of segmented results. In this study, a method was proposed to identify the optimal scale of each segmented object during the segmentation through combining the a priori thematic map knowledge with image features. First, 25 image segmentations were obtained using multiresolution segmentation algorithm of Definiens Professional 9.0 with different scales. A global score (GS) value was assigned to each segmentation based on the calculation results of the weighted variance and global Moran’s I and the single-scale optimal segmentation result was determined according to each GS of 25 segmentation scales. Second, the image feature complexity information and the a priori thematic map complexity information of each segmentation object were extracted to calculate complexity values for each object. Third, the optimal scale of each segmentation object was determined through the iterative calculation with the multithreshold method. Finally, the segmentation results of the proposed method were evaluated. The proposed method was applied to process Gaofen-2 (GF-2), GF-1, Korea Multipurpose Satellite (KOMPSAT-2), IKONOS, QuickBird and WorldView-2 high resolution satellite images to obtain the segmentation results and classification results, compared with results obtained of the optimal single-scale segmentation and the unsupervised evaluation method. The experimental results of GEOBIA showed that the method was helpful for generating the segmentation object with the optimal scale.
Development of Parallel GSSHA

Abstract : GSSHA (Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis) is a physics-based, distributed, hydrologic, sediment and constituent fate and transport model. GSSHA can simulate 2D overland flow, 1D stream flow, 1D infiltration, 2D groundwater, and full coupling between groundwater, shallow soils, streams, and overland flow. GSSHA simulations can be very large and time consuming, simulating millions of grid cells over a period of years. In order to run these simulations in a reasonable amount of time, GSSHA must be parallelized to allow many processor systems to effectively run a single GSSHA simulation. Parallelizing GSSHA will enable shorter turnaround time, as well as the study of larger, more complex problems. This work attempts to fully parallelize GSSHA using MPI, with the ultimate goal of being able to efficiently run GSSHA on thousands of processor cores. We hope to maintain the previous GSSHA functionality by allowing users to run GSSHA without MPI and/or without PETSc. At this point in time we have parallelized and tested the GSSHA code for the overland routing, infiltration, groundwater, soil erosion, channel routing, and lakes processes as well as many other routines needed to run these simulations correctly. We have also parallelized the secant Levenberg-Marquardt alternate run mode. For overland routing we have parallelized the ADE, ADE-PC, and explicit methods. For infiltration we have parallelized the Green and Ampt, Green and Ampt with Redistribution, Multilayer Green and Ampt, and Richards methods.
Passivity‐based adaptive control of a 2‐DOF serial robot manipulator with temperature dependent joint frictions

Mechanical systems are always suffering from the effects of temperature dependent friction forces where the system is operated in a wide range of temperature. Temperature and its variation play an important role in friction force in mechanical systems. If it is not compensated, it will tend to unwanted consequences, including steady‐state errors, limit cycling, and hunting. Therefore, it is necessary to take the temperature effects into account. This has been a strong motivation for the researchers to work on temperature effects on joint friction. In this paper, an adaptive compensation (control) scheme is proposed and applied to a 2‐degree‐of‐freedom serial robot manipulator by taking the temperature effects into account on the joints friction. In the proposed control scheme, the temperature is not required to be sensed. In this paper, joint friction is described by LuGre dynamic model with temperature dependent parameters. These parameters are described by some functions with unknown temperature dependent terms. According to the mathematical and practical concepts, the temperature dependent friction is decomposed into a viscous term and a disturbance term. An adaptive controller is designed to compensate the friction effect and it is shown that the proposed controller relaxes the condition for a priori knowledge about the environment characteristics, including the upper and lower bounds of the environment temperature and the parameters of the functions, describing the temperature dependent joint frictions. The stability and convergence of the joint position and velocity are proved in the sense of Lyapunov and then the proposed method is confirmed by the simulations.
Soil management: compost production and use in tropical and subtropical environments

This Soils Bulletin provides training material on composting for extension workers and teachers in countries in the tropics and subtropics. The objective is to promote the use of locally available organic materials to increase soil organic matter content for the improvement of soil fertility, and as sources of plant nutrients in conjunction with mineral fertilizers
Numerical simulation of groundwater flow in LILW Repository site:I. Groundwater flow modeling

Based on the site characterization works in a low and intermediate level waste(LILW) repository site, the numerical simulations for groundwater flow were carried out in order to understand the groundwater flow system of repository site. To accomplish the groundwater flow modeling in the repository site, the discrete fracture network(DFN) model was constructed using the characteristics of fracture zones and background fractures. At result, the total 10 different hydraulic conductivity(K) fields were obtained from DFN model stochastically and K distributions of constructed mesh were inputted into the 10 cases of groundwater flow simulations in FEFLOW. From the total 10 numerical simulation results, the simulated groundwater levels were strongly governed by topography and the groundwater fluxes were governed by locally existed high permeable fracture zones in repository depth. Especially, the groundwater table was predicted to have several tens meters below the groundwater table compared with the undisturbed condition around disposal silo after construction of underground facilities. After closure of disposal facilities, the groundwater level would be almost recovered within 1 year and have a tendency to keep a steady state of groundwater level in 2 year.
Iterates of Markov Operators and Constructive Approximation of Semigroups

In this paper we survey some recent results concerning the asymptotic behaviour of the iterates of a single Markov operator or of a sequence of Markov operators. Among other things, a characterization of the convergence of the iterates of Markov operators toward a given Markov projection is discussed in terms of the involved interpolation sets. Constructive approximation problems for strongly continuous semigroups of operators in terms of iterates are also discussed. In particular we present some simple criteria concerning their asymptotic behaviour. Finally, some applications are shown concerning Bernstein-Schnabl operators on convex compact sets and Bernstein-Durrmeyer operators with Jacobi weights on the unit hypercube. A final section contains some suggestions for possible further researches.
Conditional ligands for Asian HLA variants facilitate the definition of CD8+ T‐cell responses in acute and chronic viral diseases

Conditional ligands have enabled the high‐throughput production of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) libraries that present defined peptides. Immunomonitoring platforms typically concentrate on restriction elements associated with European ancestry, and such tools are scarce for Asian HLA variants. We report 30 novel irradiation‐sensitive ligands, specifically targeting South East Asian populations, which provide 93, 63, and 79% coverage for HLA‐A, ‐B, and ‐C, respectively. Unique ligands for all 16 HLA types were constructed to provide the desired soluble HLA product in sufficient yield. Peptide exchange was accomplished for all variants as demonstrated by an ELISA‐based MHC stability assay. HLA tetramers with redirected specificity could detect antigen‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses against human cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B (HBV), dengue virus (DENV), and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infections. The potential of this population‐centric HLA library was demonstrated with the characterization of seven novel T‐cell epitopes from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, HBV, and DENV. Posthoc analysis revealed that the majority of responses would be more readily identified by our unbiased discovery approach than through the application of state‐of‐the‐art epitope prediction. This flow cytometry‐based technology therefore holds considerable promise for monitoring clinically relevant antigen‐specific T‐cell responses in populations of distinct ethnicity.