Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Average Partial Association in Three-way Contingency Tables: a Review and Discussion of Alternative Tests

Summary This paper reviews and discusses alternative methods for assessing average partial association in three-way contingency tables. Primary attention is directed at the relationship between two of the variables, while controlling for the effects of a set of covariables. One approach is a class of multivariate extensions of the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test to sets of (s x r) tables. These statistics are based on expected values and covariances from the multiple hypergeometric distribution for each table. As such they make no underlying assumption regarding second-order interaction, although the absence of such interaction is incorporated within the hypothesis being tested. Alternatively, a log-linear model can be used to investigate average partial association conditional on the assumption of no second-order interaction. If the fit of such a model is supported by the data, then likelihood ratio methods or functional asymptotic regression methods (FARM) can be used to test the significance of correspondingly appropriate parameters. These procedures are all illustrated with a data set relating atomic bomb radiation to the incidence of leukemia adjusted for age at exposure.
The structure and kinematics of the ISM around HD 192281

Aims. This work aims at investigating the interaction of HD 192281 (O5 Vn((f))p) with its local ISM. The purpose is to analyse the e ﬀ ects that a massive star has on the structure and kinematics of its surrounding gas. Methods. To carry out this study, we used high-resolution radio continuum and 21-cm H i line data from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey (CGPS). This data base was complemented with radio continuum, infrared, and molecular data retrieved from available surveys. Given that HD192281 is very likely a runaway star, we attempt to establish whether the observed H i distribution can be interpreted in terms of a simple bow shock model. Results. Analysis of the H i data shows the presence of an H i feature likely to be associated with HD192281. This feature remains detectable from ∼ 5 to –10 km s − 1 . At the most negative radial velocities, the shape of the H i feature is highly reminiscent of a bow shock structure seen projected onto the plane of the sky. This feature has counterparts at radio-continuum, infrared, and CO emissions. The analysis of the radio continuum data suggests a thermal spectrum for the gas related to this structure.
Taylor–Couette flow with axial oscillations of the inner cylinder: Floquet analysis of the basic flow

The linear stability of the flow in the annular gap between two infinitely long cylinders, driven by the constant rotation and harmonic oscillation in the axial direction of the inner cylinder, is analysed using Floquet theory. Closed form solutions for the basic flow are derived, both with and without the presence of endwalls. Recent experiments and theory using the narrow gap approximation have shown that the axial oscillations significantly stabilize the flow with respect to centrifugal instabilities. However, the agreement has only been qualitative. The present analysis reproduces the experimental results to well within experimental uncertainty. We have identified the major source of discrepency with the previous theory to be due to the lack of global endwall effects enforcing a net zero axial mass flux. Analysis of the basic flow indicates that the stabilization is primarily due to waves of azimuthal vorticity propagating inwards from the cylinder boundary layers due to the axial oscillations.
Atomistic linear response voltage drop calculations for quantum transport in materials: The high conductance regime

A linear response method for computing the voltage drop in the high conductance regime is presented. It is applied to the study of both coherent and incoherent transport in model 1D, 2D, and 3D materials, within the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism. The method is shown to accurately reproduce self-consistent voltage drop results computed from first-principles, including the transition from low dimensional screening oscillations to higher dimensional near classical screening. Overall, the method provides an additional analysis technique in the “quantum transport toolbox” that is complementary to self-consistent methods (in the high conductance regime).
Computer-aided design of diffractive optical elements

A number of iterative algorithms for calculating kinoforms are discussed: a multiplicative adaptive algorithm allowing the rate of iterative process to be increased, fast algorithms for interpolating and extrapolating the kinoform phase pixels, an algorithm for calculating kinoforms forming radially symmetrical images and axial light segments, an algorithm for calculating formators of Gauss-Hermite modes in required diffraction orders, and an algorithm for calculating formators of reference wavefronts. The results of computer simulation are given.
EMBRACING HYBRIDITY: A BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION FOR SUSTAINABLE SOCIAL ENTERPRISES

Unlike commercial enterprises, social enterprises are required to generate both social and economic value. Hence, the sustainability of social enterprises must be considered from a dual perspective: generating and sustaining the envisioned social impact and sustain financially over time to make the social impact continuous. Prioritising social objectives over financial endurance can be suicidal as it may jeopardise the long-term financial viability of the enterprise. Hence, both business and social impact dimensions are to be given equal weightage and incorporated into the enterprise business model, considering the frictions that may exist during their co-existence and finding ways to balance both in long term. The paper starts with an analysis of various dimensions and interpretations of social enterprises followed by a review of literature on business models. The need of innovating the conventional business models used by commercial enterprises to suit social enterprises are then discussed and a business model canvas for social enterprises is proposed, suiting the dual objectives of the enterprise. The paper concludes with the case of a social enterprise, set up for the upliftment of urban poor, to illustrate the application of the proposed social business model canvas.
Rheology of transient colloidal gels by Brownian dynamics computer simulation

Brownian dynamics, simulation has been used to model the dynamics and rheology of transient particle colloidal gels during formation, by quenching monodisperse attractive spherical colloidal particles from a supercritical state point into the vapor–liquid or vapor–solid parts of the phase diagram. Calculations were performed with particles interacting via 12:6, 24:12, and 36:18 Lennard-Jones-type interaction laws at subcritical temperatures (kT/e>0.3, where e is the depth of the potential well) and low volume fractions (φ⩽0.2). These systems developed a gel-like morphology during the simulation with the aggregate morphology and rheology being sensitive to the range of the attractive part of the potential and its underlying phase diagram. The long range 12:6 systems rapidly formed compact structures, whereas the systems generated using the shorter-ranged 24:12 and 36:18 potentials persisted in a more diffuse network for the duration of the simulations and evolved much more slowly with time, although none s.
Switching behavior of cross contacting current perpendicular to plane giant magnetoresistance structure fabricated by two-step ion milling technique

A current perpendicular to plane giant magnetoresistance structure with a cross contact geometry was fabricated by a two-step ion-milling technique. Multilayer pillars with various layer structures and a lateral dimension down to 0.4 μm were embedded between orthogonal top and bottom electrodes. The microfabricated cross point structure minimizes the influence of electrode resistance in measurements of magnetoresistance in current perpendicular to plane geometry. Individual switching of Co layer was observed in a pillar with layer structure of [Co(10 nm)/Cu(4 nm)/Co(2 nm)/Cu(10 nm)]3 and lateral dimension of 0.4×2.0 μm2. Distinct three-step resistance change was observed for the rising part of the magnetoresistance (MR) curve, corresponding to the switching of Co(2 nm) layers. Somewhat complicated MR behavior in the falling part suggests the existence of a local minimum configuration during the switching of Co(10 nm) layers. The switching behavior of magnetic layers with interlayer dipole coupling was stu.
Multiple Scattering Using Parallel Volume Integral Equation Method: Interaction of SH Waves with Multiple Multilayered Anisotropic Elliptical Inclusions

The parallel volume integral equation method (PVIEM) is applied for the analysis of elastic wave scattering problems in an unbounded isotropic solid containing multiple multilayered anisotropic elliptical inclusions. This recently developed numerical method does not require the use of Green’s function for the multilayered anisotropic inclusions; only Green’s function for the unbounded isotropic matrix is needed. This method can also be applied to solve general two- and three-dimensional elastodynamic problems involving inhomogeneous and/or multilayered anisotropic inclusions whose shape and number are arbitrary. A detailed analysis of the SH wave scattering is presented for multiple triple-layered orthotropic elliptical inclusions. Numerical results are presented for the displacement fields at the interfaces for square and hexagonal packing arrays of triple-layered elliptical inclusions in a broad frequency range of practical interest. It is necessary to use standard parallel programming, such as MPI (message passing interface), to speed up computation in the volume integral equation method (VIEM). Parallel volume integral equation method as a pioneer of numerical analysis enables us to investigate the effects of single/multiple scattering, fiber packing type, fiber volume fraction, single/multiple layer(s), multilayer’s shape and geometry, isotropy/anisotropy, and softness/hardness of the multiple multilayered anisotropic elliptical inclusions on displacements at the interfaces of the inclusions.
High-Harmonic Generation of Attosecond Pulses in the ``Single-Cycle'' Regime

High-harmonic generation with excitation pulses shorter than 25fs is studied theoretically using a 3D model. For very short excitation pulses, a new regime of harmonic generation by a {open_quotes}single-cycle{close_quotes} of the driver pulse can be reached. In this regime, the temporal coherence of the adjacent harmonic orders is dramatically improved compared with longer excitation pulses, even though the discrete harmonic structure in the emission disappears. X-ray pulses as short as 100attoseconds can be emitted, with increased conversion efficiency of laser-to-harmonic radiation. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Calculation and interpretation of K-shell x-ray absorption near-edge structure of transition metal oxides

Simultaneous calculations of both K-edge x-ray-absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and ground-state electronic structure of 3d transition-metal oxides are presented. The calculations are based on a self-consistent one-electron real-space Green's-function approach, with many-body effects incorporated in terms of final-state potentials and a complex energy-dependent self-energy. The results are found to be in semiquantitative agreement with experiment at the metal K edges, except at the edge itself where a leading edge peak is found to be systematically low in intensity. A scattering theoretic interpretation is presented, which correlates the structure in the XANES with projected electronic density of states. This interpretation illustrates the crossover from a molecular orbital to a continuum resonance description of excited states. The importance of the core-hole potential in these calculations is also discussed.
Hybrid Modeling Based on Multiple Range Image

In order to reconstruct three dimension model of an object, a new method of hybrid modeling is presented. This method use multiple range image of different viewpoint, according to the color and texture, the pixel point can be mapped to correct position in three dimension space by the back-project transformation. Then the image can be got in any viewpoint by modeling reconstruction and reprojection. Experiments have proved that this method has excellent features, especially in high realistic image and static complexities. So, it can be used to reconstruct some objects with complicated shape and topologies.
A reactive molecular dynamics simulation of catalyst deactivation during biomass thermochemical conversion

The application of heterogeneous catalysis in biomass thermochemical conversion is considered as one of the most promising methods to improve biofuel production by minimizing its undesirable properties and producing renewable fuels and high-value chemicals. However, the catalyst used in practical industrial reforming application undergoes deactivation inevitably, which is a problem of great and continuing concern. In this study, molecular dynamics simulation with reactive force field is performed to gain atomic insights into the thermal stability of Ni nanocrystal and the effect of coke deposition on catalyst deactivation
Simultaneous luminance and position stabilization for film and video

Temporal and spatial random variation of luminance in images, or 'flicker' is a typical degradation observed in archived film and video. The underlying premise in typical flicker reduction algorithms is that each image must be corrected for a spatially varying gain and offset. These parameters are estimated in the stationary region of the image. Hence the performance of that algorithm depends crucially on the identification of stationary image regions. Position fluctuations are also a common artefact resulting in a random 'shake' of each film frame. For removing both, the key is to reject regions showing local motion or other outlier activity. Parameters are then estimated mostly on that part of the image undergoing the dominant motion. A new algorithm that simultaneously deals with global motion estimation and flicker is presented. The final process is based on a robust application of weighted least-squares, in which the weights also classify portions of the image as local or global. The paper presents results on severely degraded sequences showing evidence of both Flicker and random shake.
Joint pricing, assortment, and inventory decisions for a retailer's product line

Consider a set of product variants that are differentiated by some secondary attributes such as flavor, color, or size. The retailer's problem is to jointly determine the set of variants to include in her product line (“assortment”), together with their prices and inventory levels, so as to maximize her expected profit. We model the consumer choice process using a multinomial logit choice model and consider a newsvendor type inventory setting. We derive the structure of the optimal assortment for some important special cases, including the case of horizontally differentiated items, and propose a dominance relationship for the general case that simplifies the search for an optimal assortment. We also discuss structural properties of the optimal prices. Finally, motivated by our analytical results, we propose a heuristic solution procedure, which is shown to be quite effective through a numerical study. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007
Electron excitation of Ca XVII

Electron-excitation collision strengths have been calculated for transitions between the ten lowest levels of Ca XVII (2s2 1S0, 2s2p 3P0,1,2, 2s2p 1P1, 2p2 3P0,1,2, 2p2 1D2, 2p2 1S0). At high impact energies, where all the channels are open, the calculation was carried out in the LS-coupling approximation by means of the R-matrix method. Transitions between the fine structure levels were then determined by application of a unitary transformation to the LS-coupled K-matrices. At low impact energies, where some of the channels may be closed, an extension of the R-matrix method was employed to take account of relativistic effects directly in the scattering equations. In general, results are in good agreement with recent distorted-wave calculations. Electron-excitation rates are given for a range of electron temperatures.
Synthesis of a new series of 'RHS' chromophores and NLO polymers

A series of right-hand-side hydroxy functionalized merocyanines containing a powerful cyanodicyanomethylidenedihydrofuran electron acceptor has been designed and synthesized. Using the "build up" approach to synthesis, variations in both the donor moiety and conjugation length of these zwitterionic systems are possible, thereby giving rise to a suite of chromophores. Hyper-Raleigh scattering has confirmed that the highly conjugated chromophores 8c and 10c have large first hyperpolarizabilities (βο) - values that are of a similar magnitude to many of those reported for "bench mark" left-hand-side systems. The hydroxy functionalized chromophores were successfully grafted at various loadings onto a series of recently developed carboxylic acid containing polyetherimides.
A Description and Evaluation of an Automated Approach for Feature-Based Tracking of Rossby Wave Packets

AbstractThis paper describes an automated approach to track Rossby wave packets (RWPs), and the sensitivity of various tracking parameters and methods used in filtering the raw data in the feature-based tracking. The NCEP–NCAR reanalysis meridional wind and geopotential height data at 300 hPa every 6 h were spectrally filtered using a Hilbert transform technique under the assumption that RWPs propagate along a waveguide defined by the 14-day running average of the 300-hPa wind. After some spatial and temporal smoothing, the local maxima in RWP amplitude (WPA) were tracked using two objective techniques: a point-based cost optimization routine and a hybrid approach using point identification and object-based tracking following rules. A variation of the total energy flux term of the eddy kinetic energy equation was used to subjectively verify RWP tracks in order to compare the performance of each tracking method. When tracking methods are verified over two winter seasons, the hybrid technique outperformed p.
A Pseudospectral Multidomain Method for Conjugate Conduction-Convection in Enclosures

A pseudospectral multidomain method is proposed for the solution of the two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and energy equation. The governing equations are spatially discretized by the Chebyshev pseudospectral method. Within each subdomain, the algebraic system is solved by a semi-implicit pseudotime method, in which the convective and source terms are explicitly marched by the Runge-Kutta method, and the diffusive terms are implicitly marched by the matrix diagonalization method. An interface/boundary-value updating algorithm is proposed to obtain the interfaces and boundaries values to satisfy both the boundary conditions and interface transmission conditions. Since the solution of the interior collocation point values and the updating of interface/boundary values are carried out independently, the multidomain method is easy to implement with an existing single-domain solver. The pseudospectral multidomain method is validated by three benchmark heat transfer problems: natural convection in a cavity, conjugate conduction-convection in a cavity with one finite-thickness wall, and conjugate conduction-convection in a cavity with both an internal heat source and finite-thickness walls. The numerical results are in excellent agreement with the benchmark solutions; high accuracy and the ability to treat complex problems with the present pseudospectral multidomain method are confirmed. The effects of wall thermal conductivity and Rayleigh number are accurately predicted.
Rescaled electrical properties of ZnO/low density polyethylene nanocomposites

ZnO/low density polyethylene (LDPE) nanocomposites were prepared using melt mixing with good dispersion of the ZnO nanoparticles. The electrical properties (dc resistivity and breakdown strength) of the composite with various concentrations of ZnO up to the percolation limit were measured and compared to the corresponding electrical properties of submicron ZnO filled LDPE. It was observed that the nanocomposites exhibited a lower percolation limit and a slower decrease in resistivity with filler concentration compared to the conventional composite. The dielectric breakdown strength was also found to be higher for the nanocomposite at high filler concentration.
Diagnostic Determination of Cumulus Cloud Populations from Observed Large-Scale Variables

Abstract A method is proposed whereby some properties of cumulus cloud populations are determined from observed large-scale meteorological variables. This method combines large-scale heat and moisture balance considerations with a simple steady-state one-dimensional model for an individual cumulus cloud. When applied to the mean summertime conditions over the Marshall Islands, the method gives a bimodal distribution of the vertical mass flux at the cloud base in terms of the cloud top height: one group of clouds penetrates up to the 200–300 mb level and another group stays below the 600 mb level, while relatively few cloud tops lie. between 400 and 600 mb. The total percentage area covered by all clouds is found to be a few percent and the vertical velocity inside the cloud at the cloud base is estimated to be somewhere near 1 m sec−1 for most clouds. Because the observed large-scale averaged upward velocity at that level is of the order of 0.1 cm sec−1, this result indicates that the total mass entering .
Design of nano-pattern reflectors for thin-film solar cells based on three-dimensional optical and electrical modeling

The optical and electrical properties of a photonic-plasmonic nanostructure on the back contact of thin-film solar cells were investigated numerically through the three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference time-domain method and the 3D Poisson and drift-diffusion solver. The focusing effect and the Fabry-Perot resonances are identified as the main mechanisms for the enhancement of the optical generation rate as well as the short circuit current density. However, the surface topography of certain nanopattern structures is found to reduce the internal electrostatic field of the device, thus limiting charge collection. The optimized conditions for both optics and electronics have been analyzed in this paper.
Computation of Periodic Solutions of Differential-Algebraic Equations in the Neighborhood of Hopf Bifurcation Points

A new method for the computation of periodic solutions of differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) in the neighborhood of Hopf bifurcation points of DAEs is proposed. The method is based on an asymptotic energy analysis of the dynamic behavior near the Hopf bifurcation point. The algorithm is described in more detail in combination with the method of harmonic balance which is used to compute the periodic solutions. Furthermore the usability of the method also in the case of nonclassical Hopf bifurcation points is explained. Finally numerical results using an implementation of the method in an electrical circuit simulator are given.
Low temperature transfer and formation of carbon nanotube arrays by imprinted conductive adhesive

This letter demonstrates the transfer and formation of aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays at low temperature by imprinted conductive adhesive. A thermoplastic isotropic conductive adhesive is patterned by an imprint and heat transfer process. The CNTs grown by thermal chemical vapor deposition are then transferred to another substrate by the conductive adhesive, forming predefined patterns. The current-voltage response of the transferred CNT bundles verifies that good electrical connection has been established. This process can enable the integration of CNTs into various temperature-sensitive processeses and materials.