Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Some Observations on the White-Hultquist Procedure for the Construction of Confounding Plans for Mixed Factorial Designs

Kansas State University and the University of Delaware 1. Sununary. In a recent paper [3], White and Hultquist extended the use of finite fields for the construction of confounding plans to include "asymmetrical" or "mixed" factorials. The technique, in their own words, was to define addition and multiplication of elements from distinct finite fields by mapping these elements into a finite commutative ring containing subrings isomorphic to each of the fields in question. The standard techniques were then applied to the asymmetrical case illustrating the procedure with a numerical example for 32 x 5 factorial experiment. Later, Raktoe [1] also provided an equivalent theoretical basis for the results obtained by White and Hultquist [3], worked out a generalization of the technique and illustrated his procedure with an example of 22 x 3 x 5 factorial experiment. It appears, however, that to provide a basis of the required calculus covering confounding plans of "mixed factorials" of the types discussed by them, it may not be necessary to invoke the properties of finite fields and to combine them. Instead, properties of finite multiplicative groups may be sufficient to construct such confounding plans. The aim of the present note is to indicate that this alternative approach, when it exists, is structurally identical with the procedure as outlined in [3], and that this methodology is simple, taking as it does only the properties of multiplicative groups. The procedure has been illustrated with reference to the same example of 32 x 5 factorial design as discussed in full in [3]. The correspondence relationships between the levels of the factors and the elements of the group may be so worked out that the complete model for the 32 x 5 experiment as provided in Table 4.1 of [3] would come out exactly the same by this alternative approach. The procedure of White and Hultquist would require that the number of levels of a factor be prime. But by the procedure presented here, it would be possible to cover mixed factorials of other types where the number of levels of a factor may not be a prime number. Analysis of variance is not attempted here, as such analysis can be carried out following the procedures as given by White and Hultquist [3].
The detection and measurement of water droplets

The use of a dyestuff (Naphthol Green B) in gelatine, coated on the slides of a cascade impactor, provides a method for determining the drop-size distribution of fogs and water sprays which is easy to apply in practice and gives a permanent record for subsequent microscopic analysis. Calibration of the stain remaining after evaporation of a droplet impacting on the slide shows it to be, on the average, 2.5 times the diameter of the droplet. The method can be readily used for droplets of less than 1 μ diameter.
Cardiac q‐space trajectory imaging by motion‐compensated tensor‐valued diffusion encoding in human heart in vivo

Tensor‐valued diffusion encoding can probe more specific features of tissue microstructure than what is available by conventional diffusion weighting. In this work, we investigate the technical feasibility of tensor‐valued diffusion encoding at high b‐values with q‐space trajectory imaging (QTI) analysis, in the human heart in vivo.
A Unified Approach to Likelihood Inference on Linear Inequality Constraints in Contingency Tables

In contingency table analysis, a likelihood ratio test for linear inequality constraints is discussed. The restriction condition considered in this article is much more general than usual stochastic order restriction conditions. Asymptotic property of test statistic is shown. Simulation study is conducted to compare the empirical power and size performed via the proposed method and others. Several real data sets are used to illustrate our theoretical result. The idea used in this article can be applied to test the problems with nonlinear inequality constraints.
Nonlinear stability bounds for inviscid, two-dimensional, parallel or circular flows with monotonic vorticity, and the analogous three-dimensional quasi-geostrophic flows

Rigorous bounds are obtained on the mean normal displacement of vorticity or potential vorticity contours from their undisturbed parallel (or concentric) positions for incompressible planar flow, flow on the surface of a sphere, and three-dimensional quasi-geostrophic flow. It is required that the basic flows have monotonic distributions of vorticity, and it is this requirement that turns a particular linear combination of conserved quantities, a combination involving the linear or angular impulse and the areas enclosed by vorticity contours, into a norm when viewed in a certain hybrid Eulerian–Lagrangian set of coordinates. Liapunov stability theorems constraining the growth of finite-amplitude disturbances then follow merely from conservation of this norm. As a corollary, it is proved that arbitrarily steep, one-signed vorticity gradients are stable, including the limiting case of a circular patch of uniform vorticity.
Biochemical characterisation of Mer3 helicase interactions and the protection of meiotic recombination intermediates

Abstract Crossing over between homologs is critical for the stable segregation of chromosomes during the first meiotic division. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mer3 (HFM1 in mammals) is a SF2 helicase and member of the ZMM group of proteins, that facilitates the formation of the majority of crossovers during meiosis. Here, we describe the structural organisation of Mer3 and using AlphaFold modelling and XL-MS we further characterise the previously described interaction with Mlh1–Mlh2. We find that Mer3 also forms a previously undescribed complex with the recombination regulating factors Top3 and Rmi1 and that this interaction is competitive with Sgs1BLM helicase. Using in vitro reconstituted D-loop assays we show that Mer3 inhibits the anti-recombination activity of Sgs1 helicase, but only in the presence of Dmc1. Thus we provide a mechanism whereby Mer3 interacts with a network of proteins to protect Dmc1 derived D-loops from dissolution.
Parent-Offspring Associations in Body Composition: Findings From the Southampton Women's Survey Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract Context Children born to parents who are overweight or obese have a high risk of adult obesity, but it is unclear if transgenerational associations relating to unfavorable body composition differ by parent. Objective To examine differential mother-offspring and father-offspring associations in body composition in early childhood. Methods A total of 240 mother-father-offspring trios from a prospective UK population-based pre-birth cohort (Southampton Women's Survey) were included for anthropometry and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry assessment of whole-body-less-head body composition in the offspring at 3 different ages (4, 6-7, and 8-9 years) and in the mother and father at the 8- to 9-year offspring visit. Associations were assessed using linear regression adjusting for the other parent. Results Positive associations between mother-daughter body mass index (BMI) and fat mass were observed at ages 6 to 7 (BMI: β = .29 SD/SD, 95% CI = .10, .48; fat mass β = .27 SD/SD, 95% CI = .05, .48) and 8 to 9 years (BMI: β = .33 SD/SD, 95% CI = .13, .54; fat mass β = .31 SD/SD, 95% CI = .12, .49), with similar associations at age 4 years but bounding the 95% CI. The mother-son, father-son, and father-daughter associations for BMI and fat mass were weaker at each of the ages studied. Conclusion A strong association between the fat mass of mothers and their daughters but not their sons was observed. In contrast, father-offspring body composition associations were not evident. The dimorphic parent-offspring effects suggest particular attention should be given to early prevention of unfavorable body composition in girls born to mothers with excess adiposity.
Effect of exchange and correlation on bulk properties of MgO, NiO, and CoO

Bulk properties of the isostructural oxides MgO, NiO, and CoO have been calculated quantum chemically with periodic models and compared with experimental data from the literature. Ab initio Hartree-Fock, gradient-corrected density-functional methods, and hybrid approaches have been used for the calculation of the lattice constants, heats of atomization, and electronic structures. General trends of the effects of electron correlation and the treatment of exchange on the calculated properties are observed. None of the standard methods considered provided results in agreement with experimental data for all properties. A combination of Becke's three-parameter exchange functional and the Lee-Yang-Parr correlation functional (B3LYP) leads to a consistent description of the electronic and structural properties in comparative studies of the three compounds. Other methods are more accurate than B3LYP if certain properties or compounds are considered. The combination of the Hartree-Fock exchange functional with the Lee-Yang-Parr density-functional correlation is the best method for the open-shell transition-metal oxides NiO and CoO in terms of relative stability and geometry and the electronic structure of the valence band. The absolute values of calculated heats of atomization, however, are generally too small. The density-functional method based on the Perdew-Wang generalized gradient approximation (PWGGA) is preferable for the calculation of thermodynamic properties for all compounds but is less reliable in the prediction of structural and electronic properties. A hybrid approach based on the PWGGA method is proposed that improves the results for bulk geometries and electronic properties while maintaining the high quality of calculated energetic results.
Trajectory of maternal depression and parasomnias

Maternal depressive symptoms are associated with poorer sleep quality in their children. Although parasomnias can occur at any age, this group of sleep disorders is more common in children. The aim of this study was to assess whether maternal depression trajectories predict parasomnias at the age of 11 years. Data were from a Birth Cohort of 4231 individuals followed in the city of Pelotas, Brazil. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at 12, 24, and 48 months, and 6 and 11 years postpartum. Maternal depression trajectories were calculated using a group‐based modelling approach. Information on any parasomnias (confused arousals, sleepwalking, night terrors, and nightmares) was provided by the mother. Five trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms were identified: chronic‐low (34.9%), chronic‐moderate (41.4%), increasing (10.3%), decreasing (8.9%), and chronic‐high (4.4%). The prevalence of any parasomnia at the age of 11 years was 16.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.6%–18.1%). Confusional arousal was the most prevalent type of parasomnia (14.5%) and varied from 8.7% to 14.7%, 22.9%, 20.3%, and 27.5% among children of mothers at chronic‐low, moderate‐low, increasing, decreasing, and chronic‐high trajectories, respectively (p < 0.001). Compared to children from mothers in the chronic‐low trajectory, the adjusted prevalence ratio for any parasomnia was 1.58 (95% CI 1.29–1.94), 2.34 (95% CI 1.83–2.98), 2.15 (95% CI 1.65–2.81), and 3.07 (95% CI 2.31–4.07) among those from mothers in the moderate‐low, increasing, decreasing, and chronic‐high trajectory groups, respectively (p < 0.001). In conclusion, parasomnias were more prevalent among children of mothers with chronic symptoms of depression.
A Clustering Based Approach to Sentence Ordering for Multidocument Summarization and its Evaluation

All the above mentioned strategies to sentence ordering has a top-down approach and tries to find a total order among sentences. However, in some cases it is impossible to decide the order between two sentences simply by considering those two sentences only. First we need to consider the sentences which are more clear in their order and then order the rest of the sentences to fix into this framework. Marcu [7] argues that global coherence can be achieved by satisfying local coherence constraints. He combines the locally coherent blocks in a tree (discourse tree) such that the adjacent nodes satisfy some rhetorical relation. Then the problem of planning a coherent text becomes a one of searching for the discourse tree that best satisfies the rhetorical relations. He uses Cocke-Kasami-Younger (CYK) parsing algorithm to generate all the valid trees and proposes greedy searching techniques to speed up the search. However, in a set of sentences extracted from different documents, identifying the rhetorical relations is a difficult task. Therefore, we define a fitness measure for two blocks of texts to be cohesive based on chronology, topical relevance, precedence and succedence and use this fitness measure to merge the blocks in a hierarchical clustering manner. According to Halliday and Hasan [6] sentences are bound together by various cohesion relations. We should retain such blocks of texts in our summary for it to be comprehensible. Therefore, we take a bottom-up approach and first group the sentences which are locally coherent and then merge these groups to build a complete summary.
Comparison of Surgical Outcomes of Anterior and Posterior Fusion Surgeries for K-line (−) Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Study Design. A prospective multicenter study. Objective. The objective of this study is to compare the surgical outcomes of anterior and posterior fusion surgeries in patients with K-line (−) cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). Summary of Background Data. Although laminoplasty is effective for patients with K-line (+) OPLL, fusion surgery is recommended for those with K-line (−) OPLL. However, whether the anterior or posterior approach is preferable for this pathology has not been effectively determined. Materials and Methods. A total of 478 patients with myelopathy due to cervical OPLL from 28 institutions were prospectively registered from 2014 to 2017 and followed up for two years. Of the 478 patients, 45 and 46 with K-line (−) underwent anterior and posterior fusion surgeries, respectively. After adjusting for confounders in baseline characteristics using a propensity score-matched analysis, 54 patients in both the anterior and posterior groups (27 patients each) were evaluated. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the cervical Japanese Orthopaedic Association and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire. Results. Both approaches showed comparable neurological and functional recovery. The cervical range of motion was significantly restricted in the posterior group because of the large number of fused vertebrae compared with the anterior group. The incidence of surgical complications was comparable between the cohorts, but the posterior group demonstrated a higher frequency of segmental motor paralysis, whereas the anterior group more frequently reported postoperative dysphagia. Conclusions. Clinical improvement was comparable between anterior and posterior fusion surgeries for patients with K-line (−) OPLL. The ideal surgical approach should be informed based on the balance between the surgeon’s technical preference and the risk of complications.
Neuromonitoring Guided Vessel Identification in Iatrogenic Arterial Injury During Meningioma Resection

ABSTRACT Neuromonitoring is commonly used in neurosurgery and allows intraoperative assessment of functional pathways in the brain during surgery. Monitoring alerts can guide surgical decision making in real-time allowing surgeons to mitigate or avoid potential iatrogenic injury and subsequent postoperative neurologic sequelae that may result from cerebral ischemia or malperfusion. Here we present a case of a patient undergoing a right pterional craniotomy for the resection of a tumor which crosses midline with multimodal intraoperative neuromonitoring including somatosensory evoked potentials, transcranial motor evoked potentials, and visual evoked potentials. During the final portion of tumor resection, arterial bleeding was noted of unknown origin shortly followed by loss of right lower extremity motor evoked potential recordings. Motor evoked potential recordings in the right upper, and left upper and lower extremities were stable, as well as all somatosensory evoked potentials and visual evoked potentials. This distinct pattern of right lower extremity motor-evoked potential loss suggested compromise of the contralateral anterior cerebral artery and guided the surgeons to a rapid intervention. The patient awoke from surgery with moderate postoperative weakness in the affected limb that resolved to preoperative status by postoperative day 2, and back to normal strength prior to three-month follow-up. In this case the neuromonitoring data suggested compromise to the contralateral anterior cerebral artery which guided the surgeons to investigate and identify the site of vascular injury. The present case reinforces the utility of neuromonitoring in emergent surgical situations to guide surgical decision making.
Numerical investigations on quadratic assignment problems

This paper contains a comparative study of the numerical behavior of different algorithms for solving quadratic assignment problems. After the formulation of the problem, branch and bound algorithms are briefly discussed. Then, starting procedures are described and compared by means of numerical results. Modifications of branch and bound procedures for obtaining good suboptimal solutions are treated in the next section. Subsequently, numerical results with the Gaschutz-Ahrens algorithm are reported. In the last section, exchange algorithms are discussed, and it is pointed out how they can be combined efficiently with the Gaschutz-Ahrens procedure and the perturbation method. All suboptimal solutions found in the literature could be improved by these combined methods. In the appendix, test examples and the best known solutions are listed.
Delineation of a lactococcal conjugation system reveals a restriction‐modification evasion system

Plasmid pUC11B is a 49.3‐kb plasmid harboured by the fermented meat isolate Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis UC11. Among other features, pUC11B encodes a pMRC01‐like conjugation system and tetracycline‐resistance. In this study, we demonstrate that this plasmid can be conjugated at high frequencies to recipient strains. Mutational analysis of the 22 genes encompassing the presumed pUC11B conjugation cluster revealed the presence of several genes with essential conjugation functions, as well as a gene, trsR, encoding a putative transcriptional repressor of this conjugation cluster. Furthermore, plasmid pUC11B encodes an anti‐restriction protein, TrsAR, which facilitates higher conjugation frequencies when pUC11B is transferred into recipient strains containing Type II or Type III RM systems. These findings demonstrate how RM mechanisms can be circumvented when they act as a biological barrier for conjugation events.
A day that America will remember: flashbulb memory, collective memory, and future thinking for the capitol riots

ABSTRACT This study explores the topics of flashbulb memory, collective identity, future thinking, and shared representations for a public event. We assessed the memories of the Capitol Riots, which happened in Washington DC, on 6 January 2021. Seventy Belgian and seventy-nine American citizens participated in an online study, in which they freely recalled the unfolding of Capitol Riots and answered questions regarding their memory. Inter-subjects similarity of recalled details was analysed using a schematic narrative template (i.e., the event, the causes and the consequences). Results revealed that representations of the event, and its causes were more similar among Belgians compared to Americans, whereas Americans’ representations of the consequences showed more similarity than Belgians’. Also, as expected, Americans reported more flashbulb memories (FBMs) than Belgians. The analysis underlined the importance of rehearsal through media and communication in FBM formation. This research revealed a novel relation between FBM and future representations. Regardless of national identity, participants who formed an FBM were more likely to think that the event would be remembered in the future, that the government should memorialise the event, and that a similar attack on the Capitol could happen in the future compared to participants who did not form FBM.
Murine models of HRAS-mediated cutaneous skeletal hypophosphatemia syndrome suggest bone as the FGF23 excess source

Cutaneous skeletal hypophosphatemia syndrome (CSHS) is a mosaic RASopathy characterized by the association of dysplastic skeletal lesions, congenital skin nevi of epidermal and/or melanocytic origin, and FGF23-mediated hypophosphatemia. The primary physiological source of circulating FGF23 is bone cells. However, several reports have suggested skin lesions as the source of excess FGF23 in CSHS. Consequently, without convincing evidence of efficacy, many patients with CSHS have undergone painful removal of cutaneous lesions in an effort to normalize blood phosphate levels. This study aims to elucidate whether the source of FGF23 excess in CSHS is RAS mutation–bearing bone or skin lesions. Toward this end, we analyzed the expression and activity of Fgf23 in two mouse models expressing similar HRAS/Hras activating mutations in a mosaic-like fashion in either bone or epidermal tissue. We found that HRAS hyperactivity in bone, not skin, caused excess of bioactive intact FGF23, hypophosphatemia, and osteomalacia. Our findings support RAS-mutated dysplastic bone as the primary source of physiologically active FGF23 excess in patients with CSHS. This evidence informs the care of patients with CSHS, arguing against the practice of nevi removal to decrease circulating, physiologically active FGF23.
Trait Boredom as a Lack of Agency: A Theoretical Model and a New Assessment Tool

Trait boredom plays a significant role in well-being. However, this construct suffers from conceptual ambiguity and measurement problems. The aim of this study was to propose a comprehensive theory and a strong assessment tool to address these limitations. We defined trait boredom as the frequent experience of state boredom resulting from a chronic lack of agency. We developed a six-item self-report scale of the tendency to often experience boredom. Results confirmed a uni-dimensional scale with strong psychometric properties, including adequate internal consistency (ω = .84–.93), interindividual stability (69.04% of variance accounted by a trait factor), and acceptable model fit (CFI = .977–.998, TLI = .962–.997, RMSEA = .025–.090, SRMR = .014–.029). Results confirmed the validity of the scale by showing its associations with related measures. Our findings provide clarity on trait boredom and a strong, new measure to be used in future work.