Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning to Detect Memory-Related Vulnerabilities

Memory-related vulnerabilities can result in performance degradation or even program crashes, constituting severe threats to the security of modern software. Despite the promising results of deep learning (DL)-based vulnerability detectors, there exist three main limitations: 1) rich contextual program semantics related to vulnerabilities have not yet been fully modeled; 2) multi-granularity vulnerability features in hierarchical code structure are still hard to be captured; and 3) heterogeneous flow information is not well utilized. To address these limitations, in this paper, we propose a novel DL-based approach, called MVD+, to detect memory-related vulnerabilities at the statement-level. Specifically, it conducts both intraprocedural and interprocedural analysis to model vulnerability features, and adopts a hierarchical representation learning strategy, which performs syntax-aware neural embedding within statements and captures structured context information across statements based on a novel Flow-Sensitive Graph Neural Networks (FS-GNN), to learn both syntactic and semantic features of vulnerable code. To demonstrate the performance, we conducted extensive experiments against eight state-of-the-art DL-based approaches as well as five well-known static analyzers on our constructed dataset with 6,879 vulnerabilities in 12 popular C/C++ applications. The experimental results confirmed that MVD+ can significantly outperform current state-of-the-art baselines and make a great trade-off between effectiveness and efficiency.
'Residual diversity estimates' do not correct for sampling bias in palaeodiversity data. Methods

1. It is widely accepted that the fossil record suffers from various sampling 17 biases – diversity signals through time may partly or largely reflect the 18 rock record – and many methods have been devised to deal with this 19 problem. One widely used method, the ‘residual diversity’ method, uses 20 residuals from a modelled relationship between palaeodiversity and 21 sampling (sampling-driven diversity model) as ‘corrected’ diversity 22 estimates, but the unorthodox way in which these residuals are generated 23 presents serious statistical problems; the response and predictor 24 variables are decoupled through independent sorting, rendering the new 25 bivariate relationship meaningless. 26 2. Here, we use simple simulations to demonstrate the detrimental 27 consequences of independent sorting, through assessing error rates and 28 biases in regression model coefficients. 29 3. Regression models based on independently sorted data result in 30 unacceptably high rates of incorrect and systematically, directionally 31 biased estimates, when the true parameter values are known. The large number of recent papers that used the method are likely to have 33 produced misleading results and their implications should be reassessed. 4. We note that the ‘residuals’ approach based on the sampling-driven diversity model cannot be used to ‘correct’ for sampling bias, and instead 36 advocate the use of phylogenetic multiple regression models that can include various confounding factors, including sampling bias, while 38 simultaneously accounting for statistical non-independence owing to shared ancestry. Evolutionary dynamics such as speciation are inherently a phylogenetic process, and only an explicitly phylogenetic approach will correctly model this process.
Review of Economic Dynamics

We show that the drop in the equity premium since the 1970s can partially be explained by the shifts in the level and composition of U.S. income inequality. To show it, we use a framework that extends the standard production-based Consumption Capital Asset Pricing Model by allowing for heterogeneity of agents, who differ in their ability to hold ﬁnancial assets and their labor shares of income. The top income group, capital owners, own the ﬁrms and provide labor and the rest of the economy is populated by workers who consume their labor income and income from risk-free government and corporate bonds. Intuitively, an increase in the share of capital in income rises the riskiness of consumption and predicts higher equity premium. A rise in the share of capital owners’ non-risky labor income leads to lower excess return. Time-series U.S. equity premium regressions and cross-country excess return comparison signiﬁcantly and robustly validate predictions of the model. The quantitative experiment of shifting capital and labor income shares of capital owners explains one third of the observed reduction in the U.S. equity premium. The reason is that, during the last ﬁve decades, capital owners beneﬁted from higher average growth in their non-risky labor income relative to the capital income. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Exclusive fishing zone as a strategy for managing fishery resources by the Seri Indians, Gulf of California, Mexico

15 CHAPTER 1 THE SERI PEOPLE AND THEIR USE OF MARINE NATURAL RESOURCES . 17 A. SERI TERRITORY . 17 Historical Occupation of the Coastal Region . 17 Present extension of the Seri territory . 21 B. SERI SOCIO-CULTURAL SETTING AND USE OF MARINE NATURAL RESOURCES . 23 The Use of Marine Natural Resources by the Seri . 23 Past Relationships of Seri with Neighbouring Communities 1600-1930 . 25 1. Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries . 27 2. Nineteenth Century . 29 3. Twentieth Century, until 1930s . 30 Modern Developments from 1940s to 2000 . 35 1. Developments from 1940s to 1960s . 35 2. Developments from the 1970s to 2000 . 51 C. SERI SOCIAL ORGANIZATION AND CHANGES PROMPTED BY EXTERNAL ORGANIZATION STRUCTURES . 61 Historical Accounts on Seri Social Organizations . 61 Changes in Social Organization caused by external institutional structures, from 1940s to 1990s . 62 1. Seri Fishing Cooperative . 63 2. Ejido of Desemboque and Punta Chueca . 63 3. Tiburón Island Comunal Property . 64 4. The Council of the Elders . 64
BIOINFORMATICS APPLICATIONS NOTE

Summary: Accurate annotations of genomic variants are necessary to achieve full-genome clinical interpretations that are scientiﬁcally sound and medically relevant. Many disease associations, especially those reported before the completion of the HGP, are limited in applicability because of potential inconsistencies with our current standards for genomic coordinates, nomenclature and gene structure. In an effort to validate and link variants from the medical genetics literature to an unambiguous reference for each variant, we developed a software pipeline and reviewed 68641 single amino acid mutations from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and dbSNP. The frequency of unresolved mutation annotations varied widely among the databases, ranging from 4 to 23%. A taxonomy of primary causes for unresolved mutations was produced.
Tema Vintermodell - Etapp 3 : förbättring, uppdatering och känslighetsanalys

Syftet med Vintermodellen ar att berakna och vardera de viktigaste samhallsekonomiska effekterna for trafikanter, vaghallare och samhallet i ovrigt av olika strategier och atgarder inom vintervagha .
Extending the Technology Acceptance Model to Account for Social Influence, Trust and Integration for Pervasive Computing Environment: A Case Study in University Industry

Problem statement: The aims of this study are to develop ubiquitous computing environment using Bluetooth (UCEB) and measure the validity and reliability on in order to support student admission services in University Industry Selangor (UNISEL). Approach: This study is based on the descriptive survey research using revised Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), known as Pervasive Technology Acceptance Model (PTAM). Results: This research involved all the aspects of PTAM which are namely perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, social influence, trust, integration, attitude, behavioural intention and actual use towards using the UCEB. A total of 111 respondents were selected as a sample for this study. This research is also conducted on the same respondents to find out the user acceptance on UCEB to support student admission services. Conclusion/Recommendations: The respondents were the academic committees consist of students, academicians and non-academician of UNISEL. A questionnaire was used to collect information from the respondents based on likert scale to measures the extent to which a person agrees or disagrees with the question. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS system to produce statistical inference for Pearson correlation test.
Structuration statistique de données multimédia pour la recherche d'information. (Statistical structuring of multimedia data for information retrieval)

L'unite du travail reside en ce qu'on s'interesse a la recherche de structure dans les donnees numeriques (issues de donnees multimedia), en vue d'y faciliter la recherche d'information. Le cadre methodologique de la resolution est que nous privilegions ici celui des modeles probabi- listes, en particulier les melanges de lois, et de l'estimation statistique associee. La recherche de structure implique que le jeu de donnees etudie est compose de sous-populations de caracte- ristiques distinctes : il s'agit de separer et de caracteriser ces sous-populations, deux problemes fortement imbriques. Les entites extraites et les attributs qu'on en leur associe seront alors directement utiles pour la recherche d'information.
Interactions Tectonique, Erosion, Sédimentation dans les avant-pays de chaînes : Modélisation analogique et étude des piémonts de l'est du Tian Shan (Asie centrale)

L'evolution d'un piemont de chaine de montagnes est controlee par les interactions entre la tectonique, l'erosion et la sedimentation. Pour etudier ces processus, nous avons analyse des donnees morphometriques issues des piemonts orientaux du Tian Shan (NW Chine) et developpe un nouveau type de modelisation analogique. Cette approche utilise un dispositif et un materiau experimental specialement concus pour modeliser simultanement des structures tectoniques (failles, plis), une morphologie detaillee (bassins versants, rivieres, cones alluviaux, etc.) et une sedimentation stratifiee. Des techniques de mesure optique ont ete egalement mises en oeuvre afin de quantifier l'evolution topographique et cinematique des modeles. Les experiences realisees offrent une opportunite inedite d'etudier l'evolution morphotectonique d'un piemont. Nos resultats montrent que la tectonique exerce un controle de premier ordre sur cette evolution. La propagation de la deformation et la formation des reliefs influencent en effet significativement le developpement du reseau de drainage, l'evolution des bassins versants et la formation des marqueurs morphotectoniques. En particulier, l'analyse de la morphometrie des cones alluviaux et de leurs bassins versants suggere qu'un equilibre dynamique s'installe entre la surrection, l'erosion et la morphologie. Nos resultats montrent egalement que l'apparition des terrasses est guidee par l'activite des chevauchements et les adaptations de l'hydrographie. Leur modele de plissement repond a une deformation homothetique. Cette nouvelle approche ouvre des perspectives d'etude prometteuses en geomorphologie, sismotectonique et stratigraphie.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Audio information access from meeting rooms

We investigate approaches to accessing information from the streams of audio data that result from multi-channel recordings of meetings. The methods investigated use word-level transcriptions, and information derived from models of speaker activity and speaker turn patterns. Our experiments include spoken document retrieval for meetings, automatic structuring of meetings based on self-similarity matrices of speaker turn patterns and a simple model of speaker activity. Meeting recordings are rich in both lexical and non-lexical information; our results illustrate some novel kinds of analysis made possible by a transcribed corpus of natural meetings
First Year Report

This first yearreportdetailsthe background,andmotivation to the hypothesis: ”It is more efficient in termsof energy consumptionto relaytraffic througha setof nodesthanto modify thetransmissionpower [or move]. ”. Setout in this reportareaseriesof experimentsdesigned to testthehypothesisin a hostileenvironmentwherethecollectionof nodeshave a collective taskto carryout. Thenodesareableto move andform an adhocnetwork usinglow power radiodevices.
Female Entrepreneurship in a Patriarchal Society: Motivation and Challenges

This study explores the lived experience of female entrepreneurs in Kazakhstan to understand their motivations and challenges in light of the limited research availability on female entrepreneurship in a transitional and patriarchal context. Analysis from 25 in-depth interviews with female Kazakhstani entrepreneurs advances institutional theory by developing two frameworks of female entrepreneurial motivations and challenges. The findings stress the importance of institutional settings in shaping the women’s entrepreneurial experiences. They also highlight the significance of regulatory, normative and cognitive dimensions of institutional theory that either enable or hinder women to open and operate their own businesses. Furthermore, the results also reveal the government’s excessive interference in women’s business operations and patriarchal expectations of Kazakhstani society that constraints women from freely engaging in entrepreneurship.
INTERSEISMIC DEFORMATION IN THE GARGANO PROMONTORY IN THE PERIOD 1992-2002

We use the PS-InSar technique to measure the interseismic deformation in the Gargano promontory, using 83 ERS1-2 images relative to descending orbits and 31 images from ascending orbits, acquired in the period 1992-2002. We identify over 180,000 PS with a coherence greater than 0.54 on the descending images and over 5,000 PS with a coherence threshold of 0.85 on the ascending images. The ground velocity maps show a clear deformation signal. In both the ascending and the descending Line of Sight maps the ground velocity is higher to the south and lower to the north (23 mm/yr difference). The general pattern is that of a planar gradient, striking about E-W , gentler in the descending map, and steeper in the ascending map. We analyse the deformation using elastic dislocation models (Okada, 1985) constrained by the PS Line of Sight velocities and by 7 GPS velocities from non-permanent stations in the area, with at least three occupations between 1994 and 2007. To search for the best fit dislocation in the elastic half-space, we use a non-linear inversion scheme based on a Simulated Annealing algorithm, with final refinement obtained by a downhill simplex algorithm. We run several tests over the data, using finite and infinite dislocations, and find a best fit solution (Fig. 1) for deep slip occurring on a regional E-W, strike slip, vertical fault corresponding to the trace of the Mattinata fault. The locking depth appears larger than 20 km, with slip rates between 3 and 7 mm/yr. The modeling results indicate that the present kinematics of the Mattinata fault is right lateral.
Part-Time Work, School Success and School Leaving

This paper analyses the labour supply decisions of a cohort of 16 year-olds who were born in 1958 in England and Wales. It traces through the effects of part-time employment by teenagers still in full-time education on subsequent academic performance and school leaving decisions within a three equation structural model. Our results show that part-time work, educational attainment and school leaving decisions are all related to each other. Our analysis examines the impact of a wide range of variables on these events. We find, for instance, that class size not only affects exam performance, but has also an impact on school leaving decisions.
Effectiveness of unilateral percutaneous vertebroplasty for acute traumatic non-osteoporotic compression vertebral fractures

Although vertebroplasty is a well-known treatment for osteoporotic and neoplastic compression fractures, there is limited evidence to support its use in traumatic compression fractures without osteoporotic degeneration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation of kyphosis and wedge angles with pain relief and functional outcome after percutaneous vertebroplasty. 38 patients who harbored acute traumatic non-osteoporotic compression vertebral fractures without neurological complications refractory to at least 5 days of conservative treatment were included in this study. Follow-up evaluations included pain (assessed with the visual analog scale) and medication use. Functional outcome was measured using Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire. Cobb angles, Gardner angles and kyphotic angles were measured on the full-spine radiographs preoperatively and postoperatively. The axial pain visual analog scale score (8.05 ± 1.23 pre-op vs 1.18 ± 1.09 post-op, P < .05) and The Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire score (33.45 ± 6.97 pre-op vs 4.47 ± 2.41 post-op, P < .05). The Cobb’s angle (19.66° ± 8.68° pre-op vs 15.08° ± 7.51° post-op, P < .05), the Gardner’s angle (17.72° ± 6.52° pre-op vs 14.13° ± 7.13° post-op, P < .05) and the kyphotic angle (17.51° ± 5.8° pre-op vs 8.81° ± 4.14°post-op, P < .05) were significantly reduced postoperatively therefore, local kyphosis was markedly restored after vertebroplasty. Our findings show that vertebroplasty for patients with traumatic spinal compression fractures reduces pain, improves mobility, reduces the need for painkillers, and significantly affects kyphotic angles.
University of Birmingham Beyond standard benchmarks:

Object-to-camera motion produces a variety of apparent motion patterns that signiﬁcantly affect performance of short-term visual trackers. Despite being crucial for designing robust trackers, their inﬂuence is poorly explored in standard benchmarks due to weakly deﬁned, biased and overlapping attribute annotations. In this paper we pro-pose to go beyond pre-recorded benchmarks with post-hoc annotations by presenting an approach that utilizes omni-directional videos to generate realistic, consistently annotated, short-term tracking scenarios with exactly parameterized motion patterns. We have created an evaluation system, constructed a fully annotated dataset of omnidirectional videos and generators for typical motion patterns. We provide an in-depth analysis of major tracking paradigms which is complementary to the standard benchmarks and conﬁrms the expressiveness of our evaluation approach.
Evidence of Impaired Remote Experience-near Semantic Memory in Medial Temporal Lobe Amnesia

Abstract Neuropsychological research suggests that “experience-near” semantic memory, meaning knowledge attached to a spatiotemporal or event context, is commonly impaired in individuals who have medial temporal lobe amnesia. It is not known if this impairment extends to remotely acquired experience-near knowledge, which is a question relevant to understanding hippocampal/medial temporal lobe functioning. In the present study, we administered a novel semantic memory task designed to target knowledge associated with remote, “dormant” concepts, in addition to knowledge associated with active concepts, to four individuals with medial temporal lobe amnesia and eight matched controls. We found that the individuals with medial temporal lobe amnesia generated significantly fewer experience-near semantic memories for both remote concepts and active concepts. In comparison, the generation of abstract or “experience-far” knowledge was largely spared in the individuals with medial temporal lobe amnesia, regardless of whether the targets for retrieval were remote or active concepts. We interpret these findings as evidence that the medial temporal lobes may have a sustained role in the retrieval of semantic memories associated with spatiotemporal and event contexts, which are cognitive features often ascribed to episodic memory. These results align with recent theoretical models proposing that the hippocampus/medial temporal lobes support cognitive processes that are involved in, but not exclusive to, episodic memory.
The Impact of Social Comparison via Social Media on Maternal Mental Health, within the Context of the Intensive Mothering Ideology: A Scoping Review of the Literature

Abstract Social media platforms communicate narratives of individuals, specifically the narrative of motherhood. The ascendant mothering narrative in Western society is Intensive Mothering Ideology (IMI). These ideals, norms, and practices set unattainable standards. Highly romanticized versions of motherhood portrayed on social media tend to stimulate social comparisons among women potentially impacting their well-being. This scoping review seeks to examine the literature that identifies the impact of social comparison via social media on maternal mental health, within the context of IMI. The methodology by Arksey and O’Malley guided the approach to creating this scoping review. Systematic searches of articles published within the previous 10 years were conducted in Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and PsycINFO. Searches aimed to capture concepts regarding social media as a medium for social comparison, and transmission of intensive mothering ideologies ultimately impacting maternal mental health. Articles were screened at the title and abstract level first, followed by application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Nine articles were selected for inclusion in this scoping review. The studies were published in seven peer-reviewed journals, from four different countries with most originating from the United States. Results revealed that making social comparisons after exposure to intensive mothering ideas negatively impacted maternal well-being. Within the context of the Social Comparison Theory (SCT), maternal characteristics like self-esteem and maternal comparison orientation (MCO) seem to mediate the impact that social media has on maternal mental health. Social media communicates highly idealized motherhood mores, and critical analyses should focus on how mothers use social media.
Put Your Money Where Your Butt is: A Commitment Contract for Smoking Cessation

The authors designed and tested a voluntary commitment product to help smokers quit smoking. The product (CARES) offered smokers a savings account in which they deposit funds for six months, after which they take a urine test for nicotine and cotinine. If they pass, their money is returned; otherwise, their money is forfeited to charity. Eleven percent of smokers offered CARES tookup, and smokers randomly offered CARES were 3 percentage points more likely to pass the 6-month test than the control group. More importantly, this effect persisted in surprise tests at 12 months, indicating that CARES produced lasting smoking cessation.
Influences of long‐term care insurance on pulmonary and urinary tract infections among older people with disability

Pulmonary infection (PI) and urinary tract infection (UTI) have been the most common cause of hospitalization and most frequent infection respectively in older people with disability (OPWD). Long‐term care insurance (LTCI) policy, intending to provide services to reduce the disease burden of OPWD, it remains unclear whether LTCI could reduce PI‐, and UTI‐related hospitalizations. This quasi‐experimental study aimed to assess the influences of LTCI on all‐cause, especially PI‐ and UTI‐related hospitalizations among OPWD and the variation across sociodemographic characteristics.