Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sounds of Intent in the Early Years: A proposed framework of young children’s musical development

Sounds of Intent in the Early Years explores the musical development of children from birth to five years of age. Observational evidence has been utilised together with key literature on musical development and core concepts of zygonic theory (Ockelford, 2013) to investigate the applicability of the original Sounds of Intent framework of musical development, intended for children and young people with learning difficulties, as an assessment model for all children in the early years. One hundred and twenty five observations of 58 children (aged 10 weeks to five years) engaging with music were taken in the form of video recordings over a six-month period within an early years children’s centre. These observations were analysed using the original Sounds of Intent framework to determine whether the types and levels of engagement with music could be framed within the existing model and to identify areas of potential mismatch. A preliminary framework has been designed from which practitioners and parents can gauge their children’s level of musical development in order to support them effectively.
Women of Color in Academe

I recall a personal example of how multiple social identities may shape one’s opportunities in higher education. As a woman of color from a “no collar” class (I come from a farm labor background), when first exploring graduate school options I was discouraged from applying to a master’s level program in business by an admissions officer. The admissions officer stated that I would not fit. I was a woman, a minority, a single parent, I had a background in the public sector, and I had some but not enough math background. This would make it nearly impossible for me to succeed as others in the program fit another and opposite profile. Although all of this may be true, it did not occur to the admissions officer that this might not be an appropriate state of affairs for student enrollment in the program. It was merely accepted as the way things are and should remain. I remember being struck by the many ways I could be defined as not “fitting” and, therefore, not encouraged and, more than likely, not admitted. I was so easily “defined out” rather than “defined in. ” I am now a faculty member at a major research university. My current work focuses on the experiences of faculty of color in higher education. While pursuing this work, I have had many opportunities to interview, converse with, and read about the lives of other faculty women of color. Many continue to speak, although in different ways, about the experiWomen of Color in Academe
In vivo lymphocyte tropism of feline immunodeficiency virus

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in the cat is similar to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in causing a selective reduction in CD4+ cell numbers, leading to inversion of the CD4+/CD8+ ratio. To determine whether FIV, similar to human immunodeficiency virus type 1, has a tropism for CD4+ cells, we examined the in vitro and in vivo susceptibilities of feline lymphocyte subpopulations to FIV infection. Infection of interleukin-2-dependent CD4+ or CD8+ lymphocyte cultures with the NCSU1 isolate of FIV (FIV-NCSU1) resulted in syncytium formation, cell death, and Mg(2+)-dependent reverse transcriptase (RT) activity in both cases. Monoclonal antibodies to feline lymphocyte subsets were used to sort peripheral blood mononuclear cells from FIV-infected cats into highly (> 95%) purified CD4+ cell, CD8+ cell, immunoglobulin-positive (Ig+) cell, and monocyte subpopulations. The mononuclear cell subpopulations were analyzed for FIV provirus by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis and for virus expression by RT activity. All 16 cats infected with FIV-NCSU1 demonstrated FIV provirus in CD4+ cell-, CD8+ cell-, and Ig+ cell-enriched lymphocyte populations. Southern blot detection of amplified gag gene sequences and limiting-cell-dilution polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that Ig+ cells carried a higher FIV provirus burden in chronically (> or = 1-year) infected cats than either CD4+ or CD8+ cells. In contrast, CD4+ cells carried the greatest provirus burden in acutely (2- to 4-week) infected cats. FIV provirus was detected in monocytes from only 1 of 10 cats with asymptomatic infection. Addition of culture supernatants from enriched CD4+, CD8+, and Ig+ cells from FIV-infected cats to an FIV-susceptible CD4+ lymphocyte culture resulted in syncytium formation, cell death, and RT activity. Infection of Ig+ cells is not unique to FIV-NCSU1, as lymphocyte subpopulations from other cats with natural infections and cats infected with the Petaluma or Mount Airy isolate of FIV demonstrated a similar distribution of FIV provirus and RT activity. These data suggest that FIV possesses a broad tropism for peripheral blood mononuclear cells and that an Ig+ cell may serve as a major reservoir for the virus in chronically infected cats.
Cost-efficient symbol detection scheme for SDM-OFDM systems

We propose a cost-efficient symbol detection scheme, which removes complex functional blocks requiring high hardware complexity and computation power, for MIMO-OFDM systems adapting an SDM technique. In order to reduce the complexity, we modify the conventional approach of symbol detection with maintaining the equivalence between the original and modified equations. From the implementation results, the proposed symbol detector reduces the hardware complexity by 18.2% compared to a conventional symbol detector, and can be a good solution for the low hardware complexity design of SDM-OFDM systems.
Real‐time Robust Six Degrees of Freedom Object Pose Estimation with a Time‐of‐flight Camera and a Color Camera

We present an algorithm for estimating the six degrees of freedom (6DOF) pose for a rigid object of arbitrary shape, which can move fast in cluttered environments. The RGBD data input is obtained by fusing a time‐of‐flight (TOF) camera and a color camera. The proposed approach is composed of a coarse estimation stage for prealignment and an accurate estimation stage for refining the coarse pose. The most important contribution is the textured iterative closest point (ICP) in the accurate stage, where the Lukas‐Kanade method is incorporated into the point‐to‐plane ICP framework, by which geometrically symmetric objects can be handled. In addition, the pose estimation performance under motion artifacts that are common for a TOF sensor can be significantly improved. Another important contribution is the tailored sparse representation under an annealed particle filtering framework for effectively extracting the target from the background clutter and providing a coarse 6DOF pose. The entire algorithm is implemented with graphics processing unit acceleration and shows real‐time performance. The approach is verified on a variety of targets in both indoor and outdoor scenarios.
Size Effects on Quasi-Static Growth of Cracks

We perform an analysis of the size effect for quasi-static growth of cracks in isotropic linearly elastic bodies under antiplanar shear. In the framework of the variational model proposed by Francfort and Marigo in [J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 46 (1998), pp. 1319--1342], we prove that if the size of the body tends to infinity, and even if the surface energy is of cohesive form, under suitable boundary displacements the crack propagates following the Griffith's functional.
3-1-2001 A Graphical Exposition of the GTAP Model

This paper offers a graphical exposition of the GTAP model of global trade. Particular emphasis is placed on the accounting, or equilibrium, relationships in the model. It begins with a treatment of the a one region version of GTAP, thereafter adding a rest of world region to highlight the treatment of trade flows in the model. The implementation of policy instruments in GTAP is also explored, using simple supply-demand graphics. The material provided in this paper was first developed as an introduction to GTAP for participants taking the annual short course. Based on its success in that venue, this paper has been placed on the “highly recommended” reading list for individuals seeking an introduction and overview of the GTAP framework. It was modified in March of 2001 to reflect the changes in version 6.0 of the GTAP model.
Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation to Endothelial Progenitor Cells in vitro Results in a Popu-lation with an Endothelial and Monocytic Profile

The renoprotective effects of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) have been clearly identified and many results have shown their successful use in neovas-cularization of ischemic tissues associated with blood vessel diseases. However, the availability of a sustainable source of EPC for large therapeutic applications remains critical. The aim of this work is to ensure the production of a specific EPC profile from mesen-chymal stem cells (MSC). Non-adherent EPC were significantly amplified after 6 days of angiogenic growth factor activation. Three day-EPC showed an over expression of the heamatopoietic markers CD34 and CD45 with a commitment to endothe-lial lineage with the expression of CD31 and CD146 cell markers. MSC lost their mesenchymal profile by down-regulating the CD90 and CD105 expression. Cytokeratin 8/18 and von Willebrand Factor VIII were progressively expressed on EPC as well as the monocytic CD14. In six-day EPC, all of the CD31+ cells expressed CD14 and CD146. CD54, CD11a, and CD49d adhesion molecules were also strongly expressed in both 3-day and 6-day EPC. These findings suggest that MSC-derived EPC might be a unique population of CD34+CD45+C D14+CD31+CD146+ cells sharing both stemness and progenitor characteristics of endothelial cells and monocytes, and that this culture model improved EPC production and expansion for a potential future use in vascular diseases.
A Four-Level Hierarchical Approach to the Joint Problem of System Identification and Optimization and Its Application to a Batch Fermenter Using Microprocessors

[6] H. El-Sherief and N. K. Sinha, "Stochastic approximation for the identification of linear multivariable systems," IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr. , vol. AC-24, pp. 331-333, April 1979. [7] S. M. Shinners, Modern Control System Theory and Application. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1975. [8] G. N. Saridis, Self-Organizing Control of Stochastic Systems. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1977. [9] L. W. Nelson and E. Stear, "The simultaneous on-line estimation of parameters and states in linear systems," IEEE Trans. A utomat. Contr. , vol. AC-21, pp. 94-98, Feb. 1976. [10] H. El-Sherief and N. K. Sinha, "Bootstrap estimation of parameters and states of linear multivariable systems," IEEE Trans. A utomat. Contr. , vol. AC-24, pp. 340-343, April 1979. [11] R. Guidorzi, "Canonical structures in the identification of multivariable systems," A utomatica, vol. 1 1, pp. 361374, 1975. [12] N. K. Sinha and Y. H. Kwong, "Recursive identification of parameters of multivariable systems," A utomatica, vol. 15, pp. 471-475, 1979. [13] H. El-Sherief and N. K. Sinha, "Algorithm for identification of multivariable systems combining stochastic approximation and pseudo inverse," J. of Automat. Contr. Theory, Application, vol. 6, pp. 3740, 1978. [14] V. Panuska, "An adaptive recursive least squares identification algorithm," presented at the 8th IEEE Symp. Adaptive Processes, 1969. [15] H. El-Sherief and N. K. Sinha, "Determination of the structure of a canonical model for the identification of linear multivariable systems," presented at the 5th Int. Federation, Automat. Contr. Symp. on Identification and System Parameter Estimation, Darmstadt, W. Germany, 1979. [16] H. El-Sherief, "Multivariable system structure and parameter identification using the correlation method," A utomatica, vol. 17, May 1981, to be published.
Comparison of Bacteroides-Prevotella 16S rRNA Genetic Markers for Fecal Samples from Different Animal Species

ABSTRACT To effectively manage surface and ground waters it is necessary to improve our ability to detect and identify sources of fecal contamination. We evaluated the use of the anaerobic bacterial group Bacteroides-Prevotella as a potential fecal indicator. Terminal restriction length polymorphism (T-RFLP) of the 16S rRNA genes from this group was used to determine differences in populations and to identify any unique populations in chickens, cows, deer, dogs, geese, horses, humans, pigs, and seagulls. The group appears to be a good potential fecal indicator in all groups tested except for avians. Cluster analysis of Bacteroides-Prevotella community T-RFLP profiles indicates that Bacteroides-Prevotella populations from samples of the same host species are much more similar to each other than to samples from different source species. We were unable to identify unique peaks that were exclusive to any source species; however, for most host species, at least one T-RFLP peak was identified to be more commonly found in that species, and a combination of peaks could be used to identify the source. T-RFLP profiles obtained from water spiked with known-source feces contained the expected diagnostic peaks from the source. These results indicate that the approach of identifying Bacteroides-Prevotella molecular markers associated with host species might be useful in identifying sources of fecal contamination in the environment.
Anthropology in the Arctic: A Critique of Racial Typology and Normative Theory [and Comments and Reply]

The study of prehistory in the North American Arctic suffers from epistemological problems that have been resolved by scholars in other areas. The predominance of normative theory and racial typology as the foundations of Arctic anthropology has confined research in large part to the pursuit of racial and cultural histories and seriously inhibited the generation of hypotheses that address questions of process in either cultural or biological adaptation. This paper aims to elucidate the constraints on anthropological archaeology in Arctic research and to draw attention to more productive approaches in biological anthropology, archaeology, and ethnology.
Rough segmentation of natural color images using fuzzy-based hierarchical algorithm

This paper proposes rough segmentation of natural color images using fuzzy-based hierarchical algorithm. Statistical geometrical features (SGF) are adopted as texture features and L*a*b* color space is used to represent a color feature. Fuzzy homogeneity decision makes a fusion of texture features and color features. Proposed hierarchical segmentation method based on the fuzzy homogeneity decision is performed in four stages: hierarchical splitting, local agglomerative merging, global agglomerative merging and pixelwise classification. Experiments on segmentation of natural color images are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in obtaining rough segmentation.
Optimal isosurface extraction from irregular volume data

A method is proposed which supports the extraction of isosurfaces from irregular volume data, represented by tetrahedral decomposition, in optimal time. The method is based on a data structure called interval tree, which encodes a set of intervals on the real line, and supports efficient retrieval of all intervals containing a given value. Each cell in the volume data is associated with an interval bounded by the extreme values of the field in the cell. All cells intersected by a given isosurface are extracted in O(m+log h) time, with m the output size and h the number of different extreme values (min or max). The implementation of the method is simple. Tests have shown that its practical performance reflects the theoretical optimality.
Hugvie: A medium that fosters love

We introduce a communication medium that encourages users to fall in love with their counterparts. Hugvie, the huggable tele-presence medium, enables users to feel like hugging their counterparts while chatting. In this paper, we report that when a participant talks to his communication partner during their first encounter while hugging Hugvie, he mistakenly feels as if they are establishing a good relationship and that he is being loved rather than just being liked.
Influence of the arm position in myocardial perfusion imaging acquisition.

OBJECTIVE despite the technologic advances in myocardial perfusion imaging, we keep using an uncomfortable and sometimes impracticable patient position - supine with arms raised above the head (U). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether perfusion and functional cardiac gated SPECT scan results of acquisition U are equivalent to another position modality: supine with arms down at the sides of the trunk (D). METHODS AND RESULTS we performed U acquisition and in sequence D acquisition in 120 patients (pts) using a one-day MPI (rest-gated/stress), with 99mTc-sestamibi (370 MBq and 1110 MBq). Images were processed by the iterative reconstruction method (OSEM). Rest (R) and stress (S) studies were scored using 17-segments model. Functional parameters (left ventricular ejection fraction, and volumes) were automatically obtained by the quantitative gated SPECT (QGS) program. According to the degree of stress defects observed in U study, the patients were categorized in two subgroups: normal (SSS ≤ 3 or < 5%) and abnormal (SSS>3 or ≥ 5%). Shoulder/back pain occurred in 23.3% of U patients and in 5% of D. No significant differences between U and D were found for SSS (p = 0.82) and SRS (p = 0.74) in normal group. In abnormal group, good correlation was found between U and D modes for SSS (Rho = 0.95, p = 0.0001) and SRS (Rho = 0.96 p = 0.0001), but the mean SSS (12.53 ± 7.54) and SRS (10.60 ± 7.08) values of D were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than SSS (13.43 ± 6.81) and SRS (11.33 ± 6.97) of U mode. Function measurements presented good correlations, except for end-diastolic volume (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION although D mode appears to be more comfortable and presented a good correlation with U values of SSS and SRS, in abnormal pts, the extent and severity of defects can be underestimated. Considering clinical implications of an accurate perfusion measurement, the acquisition with the arms down should be avoided.
Control of HIV Latency by Epigenetic and Non-Epigenetic Mechanisms

Intensive antiretroviral therapy successfully suppresses viral replication but is unable to eradicate the virus. HIV persists in a small number of resting memory T cells where HIV has been transcriptionally silenced. This review will focus on recent insights into the HIV transcriptional control mechanisms that provide the biochemical basis for understanding latency. There are no specific repressors of HIV transcription encoded by the virus, instead latency arises when the regulatory feedback mechanism driven by HIV Tat expression is disrupted. Small changes in transcriptional initiation, induced by epigenetic silencing, lead to profound restrictions in Tat levels and force the entry of proviruses into latency. In resting memory T cells, which carry the bulk of the latent viral pool, additional restrictions, especially the limiting cellular levels of the essential Tat cofactor P-TEFb and the transcription initiation factors NF-κB and NFAT ensure that the provirus remains silenced unless the host cell is activated. The detailed understanding of HIV transcription is providing a framework for devising new therapeutic strategies designed to purge the latent viral pool. Importantly, the recognition that there are multiple restrictions imposed on latent proviruses suggest that proviral reactivation will not be achieved when only a single reactivation step is targeted and that any optimal activation strategy will require both removal of epigenetic blocks and the activation of P-TEFb.
The Epidemiology of Diabetes in Korea: From the Economics to Genetics

To determine the factors responsible for the dramatic increase in the prevalence of diabetes in Korea. A computerized literature survey was conducted to evaluate the risk factors for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Korea, including genome-wide association studies. National Statistics gross national income data was integrated with the reported prevalence of diabetes to evaluate the relationship between diabetes and the economic growth. The strength of the association was evaluated using measures of effect size, such as odds ratio and relative risks. The putative risk factors identified in Korean studies are very similar to the risk factors identified from the other countries, including genetic background. Genome-wide association studies reported relative risks of 1.5 or less, indicating that no single gene is associated with the risk of T2DM. The scientific evidence suggests that the dramatic increase in the incidence and prevalence of T2DM in Korea is related to the economic development of Korea, which has a direct influence on health policy, as well as an individual's health behaviors. We expect to observe the current diabetes incidence rates until the key risk factors are present for long enough in our society, at which point we would expect to start observing a more gradual increase in both the incidence and prevalence of T2DM in Korea.
Injury Region and Risk of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia Among Pediatric Trauma Patients.

OBJECTIVE To describe the relationship between injury region and risk of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in pediatric trauma patients. METHODS Analyses included patients <19 years of age from the National Trauma Data Bank, during 2009-2011. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between injury region and odds of developing HAP stratified by age group. RESULTS A total of 71 377 patients were eligible for analysis, and 1818 patients developed pneumonia. In adjusted regression models both younger (11-15 years) and older (16-18 years) adolescents with multisite injuries including the head and neck had higher odds of developing HAP compared with adolescents with isolated head and neck injuries (odds ratio [OR] = 2.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34-3.10; OR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.14-1.89, respectively), and younger adolescents with multisite injuries not involving the head and neck also had higher odds of developing HAP (OR = 1.97, 95% CI 1.08-3.60). We found no significant association between injury region and risk of HAP in children <11 years of age. Younger and older adolescents with firearm (OR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.00-3.42; OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.02-1.88, respectively) or pulmonary (OR = 3.78, 95% CI 1.26-11.3; OR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.01-6.51, respectively) injuries had higher odds of developing HAP compared with those with motor vehicle collision injuries. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent trauma patients with multisite injuries including the head and neck have a higher risk of developing HAP compared with those with isolated head and neck injuries. We identified several risk factors that can be used to inform future research focused on identifying subgroups at high risk for the development of HAP.