Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Argument to Foster Scientific Literacy

The goal of scientific literacy has led to a steady increase in argument-based interventions in science education contexts. It has been suggested that student participation in argument develops communication skills, metacognitive awareness, critical thinking, an understanding of the culture and practice of science, and scientific literacy. Although argument does influence communication skills, metacognition, and critical thinking, not all forms of argument promote an understanding of scientific practice and, subsequently, scientific literacy. This study of 54 articles from the research literature examines how argument interventions promote scientific literacy. Articles were classified across three domains to determine structural patterns of the various argument interventions: (a) the nature of the argument activity, (b) the emphasis of the argument activity, and (c) the aspects of science included in the argument activity. The structures of the interventions suggest that researchers approach learning of argument through immersion, teaching the structure of argument, and emphasizing the interaction of science and society. Immersion-oriented interventions utilized argument as an integrated component to student investigations. Argument structure interventions taught the structure of argument separate from investigations and asked students to apply it across various explanatory activities. Science- and society-based interventions used socioscientific issues to contextualize and provide purpose for argument. The three orientations toward argument instruction are discussed in light of the epistemic nature of science and scientific literacy. The orientations can serve as an opportunity to refine understanding of argument interventions, particularly with regard to the pursuit of scientific literacy.
Lung development and repair: Contribution of the ciliated lineage

The identity of the endogenous epithelial cells in the adult lung that are responsible for normal turnover and repair after injury is still controversial. In part, this is due to a paucity of highly specific genetic lineage tools to follow efficiently the fate of the major epithelial cell populations: the basal, secretory, ciliated, neuroendocrine, and alveolar cells. As part of a program to address this problem we have used a 1-kb FOXJ1 promoter to drive CreER in the ciliated cells of the embryonic and adult lung. Analysis of FOXJ1-GFP transgenic lungs shows that labeled cells appear in a proximal-distal pattern during embryogenesis and that the promoter drives expression in all ciliated cells. Using FOXJ1CreER adult mice, we have followed the fate of ciliated cells after epithelial injury by naphthalene or sulfur dioxide. From quantitative analysis and confocal microscopy we conclude that ciliated cells transiently change their morphology in response to lung injury but do not proliferate or transdifferentiate as part of the repair process.
An Efficient Map Reduce Algorithm for Bigdata

Seeing that new data and updates are continuously arriving, the results of data mining applications turn out to be stale and obsolete over time. processing is a talented move towards to refreshing mining results. It utilizes previously saved states to avoid the expense of re-computation from scratch. Suggest IMapReduce, a work of fiction processing extension to MapReduce, the most widely used structure for mining big data. Compared with the state-of-the-art work on Incoop, IMapReduce performs key-value pair level processing somewhat than task level re-computation, supports not only onestep computation but also more sophisticated iterative computation, which is widely used in data mining applications, and incorporates a set of tale techniques to reduce I/O overhead for accessing preserved fine-grain computation states. Evaluate I MapReduce using a one-step algorithm and four iterative algorithms with diverse computation description. Keywords— Cloud data, Map Reduce Algorithm, processing, Job level task, Fine grained results
Estimating and forecasting volatility of stock indices using asymmetric GARCH models and Student-t densities : Evidence from Chittagong Stock Exchange

Article Type: Full Length Research Article This paper examined a wide variety of popular volatility models for stock index return, including Unit Root Test, Random Walk model, Autoregressive model, Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model, and extensive GARCH model, with Normal, and Student t-distribution assumption. I fit these models to Chittagong stock return index from 04 January 2004 to 14September 2014. There has been empirical evidence of volatility clustering, alike to findings in previous studies. Each market contains different GARCH models, which fit well. From the estimation, we find that the volatility of the return were significantly higher after 2009. The model introducing GARCH effect with normal and Student t-distribution assumption can better fit the volatility characteristics. We find that GARCH-z, EGARCH-z, IGARCH-z, GJR-GARCH-z and EGARCH-t. It is suggested that these five models can capture the main characteristics of Chittagong stock exchange (CSE). ©2015 BluePen Journals Ltd. All rights reserved
On the complex X-ray structure tracing the motion of Geminga

A deep (100 ks) XMM-Newton observation of Geminga has shown two faint tails of diffuse X-ray emission, extending for ~$2'$ behind the pulsar, well aligned with the proper motion (PM) direction. We report here on a recent ~20 ks Chandra observation, which unveils a new structure, ~$25''$ long and ~$5''$ thick, starting at the pulsar position and perfectly aligned with the PM direction, with a surface brightness ~40 times higher than that of the XMM Tails. The Chandra comet-like feature has a remarkably hard spectrum (photon index ~$0.9{-}1.4$) and a luminosity of ~$5.5\times10^{28}$ erg s -1 , comparable to the energetics of the larger XMM one. Geminga is thus the first neutron star to show a clear X-ray evidence of a large-scale, outer bow-shock as well as a short, inner cometary trail.
Aortic stenosis and angina with normal coronary arteries: the role of coronary flow abnormalities.

Angina is a common symptom among patients with significant aortic valve stenosis. The incidence of between 60% and 80% is notably higher than that observed in other valve diseases.1 2 In addition, a considerable proportion of patients with angina and aortic stenosis are found to have normal coronary arteries at angiography despite having objective evidence of myocardial ischaemia on electrocardiographic or radionuclide evaluation'3 4 and, more recently, stress echocardiography.5 Why should aortic stenosis provoke angina in patients without significant obstructive coronary artery disease? The presence of left ventricular hypertrophy undoubtedly plays a role, but recent Doppler echocardiographic studies of the coronary vasculature in aortic stenosis have demonstrated abnormal phasic flow profiles that may shed light on the mechanism of ischaemia in this condition.
A qualitative study of the experience of caring for a person with bulimia nervosa. Part 1: The emotional impact of caring.

OBJECTIVE Family carers of individuals with mental disorders have been found to experience mental health difficulties of their own. There has been little research into the impact of caring for individuals with eating disorders. A preliminary study found that carers of individuals with anorexia nervosa experience more difficulties and distress than carers of people with psychoses (Treasure et al., [2001]. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 36, 343-347). This is the first study to qualitatively investigate the experiences of carers of individuals with bulimia nervosa (BN). METHOD Twenty carers of individuals with BN were interviewed using a semistructured interview. Interviews were transcribed and the texts analyzed using content analysis to identify themes. RESULTS The principal themes to emerge were the impact of the discovery of BN on the carer, the ongoing impact of care-giving, coping strategies used by the carer, and the positive impact of the illness for both the carers and the persons in their care. DISCUSSION BN has a potent impact on carers' lives. This has implications in terms of service provision and future research in this area.
Identification and classification of ncRNA molecules using graph properties

The study of non-coding RNA genes has received increased attention in recent years fuelled by accumulating evidence that larger portions of genomes than previously acknowledged are transcribed into RNA molecules of mostly unknown function, as well as the discovery of novel non-coding RNA types and functional RNA elements. Here, we demonstrate that specific properties of graphs that represent the predicted RNA secondary structure reflect functional information. We introduce a computational algorithm and an associated web-based tool (GraPPLE) for classifying non-coding RNA molecules as functional and, furthermore, into Rfam families based on their graph properties. Unlike sequence-similarity-based methods and covariance models, GraPPLE is demonstrated to be more robust with regard to increasing sequence divergence, and when combined with existing methods, leads to a significant improvement of prediction accuracy. Furthermore, graph properties identified as most informative are shown to provide an understanding as to what particular structural features render RNA molecules functional. Thus, GraPPLE may offer a valuable computational filtering tool to identify potentially interesting RNA molecules among large candidate datasets.
Rater characteristics and rater bias: implications for training

Recent developments in multifaceted Rasch measurement (Linacre, 1989) have made possible new kinds of investigation of aspects (or 'facets') of performance assessments. Relevant characteristics of such facets (for exam ple, the relative harshness of individual raters, the relative difficulty of test tasks) are modelled and reflected in the resulting person ability measures. In addition, bias analyses, that is interactions between elements of any facet, can also be analysed. (For the facet 'person', an element is an individual candidate; for the facet 'rater', an element is an individual judge, and so on.) This permits investigation of the way a particular aspect of the test situation (type of candidate, choice of prompt, etc.) may elicit a consistently biased pattern of responses from a rater. The purpose of the research is to investigate the use of these analytical techniques in rater training for the speaking subtest of the Occupational English Test (OET), a specific-purpose ESL performance test for health professionals. The test involves a role-play based, profession-specific inter action, involving some degree of choice of role-play material. Data are presented from two rater training sessions separated by an 18-month interval and a subsequent operational test administration session. The analysis is used to establish 1) consistency of rater characteristics over different occasions; and 2) rater bias in relation to occasion of rating. The study thus addresses the question of the stability of rater characteristics, which has practical implications in terms of the accreditation of raters and the requirements of data analysis following test administration sessions. It also has research implications concerning the role of multifaceted Rasch measurement in understanding rater behaviour in performance assessment contexts.
An Iterative Multilateral Localization Algorithm Based on Time Rounds for Wireless Sensor Networks

In many applications of wireless sensor networks, location is very important data. Location data can come from manual setting or GPS device. However, manual setting requires huge cost of human time, and GPS setting requires expensive device cost. Both approaches are not applicable to localization task of large scale wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose an accurate and efficient localization algorithm, called iterative multilateral localization algorithm based on time rounds. This Algorithm uses time round mechanism and anchor nodes triangle placement scheme to reduce error accumulation caused by iterative localization. And it also reduces location errors caused by trilateral localization through limiting the minimum number of neighbor beacon nodes used in different localizing time rounds. Experimental results reveal that this algorithm has high localizing accuracy, even if large range errors, it can achieve good result.
Relative ability of fat and sugar tastes to activate reward, gustatory, and somatosensory regions.

BACKGROUND Although the intake of high-fat and high-sugar food activates mesolimbic reward, gustatory, and oral somatosensory brain regions, contributing to overeating, few studies have examined the relative role of fat and sugar in the activation of these brain regions, which would inform policy, prevention, and treatment interventions designed to reduce obesity. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effect of a high-fat or high-sugar equicaloric chocolate milkshake and increasing fat or sugar milkshake content on the activation of these regions. DESIGN Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess the neural response to the intake of high-fat/high-sugar, high-fat/low-sugar, low-fat/high-sugar, and low-fat/low-sugar chocolate milkshakes and a tasteless solution in 106 lean adolescents (mean ± SD age = 15.00 ± 0.88 y). Analyses contrasted the activation to the various milkshakes. RESULTS High-fat compared with high-sugar equicaloric milkshakes caused greater activation in the bilateral caudate, postcentral gyrus, hippocampus, and inferior frontal gyrus. High-sugar compared with high-fat equicaloric milkshakes caused greater activation in the bilateral insula extending into the putamen, the Rolandic operculum, and thalamus, which produced large activation regions. Increasing sugar in low-fat milkshakes caused greater activation in the bilateral insula and Rolandic operculum; increasing fat content did not elicit greater activation in any region. CONCLUSIONS Fat caused greater activation of the caudate and oral somatosensory regions than did sugar, sugar caused greater activation in the putamen and gustatory regions than did fat, increasing sugar caused greater activity in gustatory regions, and increasing fat did not affect the activation. Results imply that sugar more effectively recruits reward and gustatory regions, suggesting that policy, prevention, and treatment interventions should prioritize reductions in sugar intake. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as DK092468.
Acute and Chronic Effects of Ketamine on Semantic Priming: Modeling Schizophrenia?

Acute administration of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine induces schizophrenia-like symptoms in healthy volunteers; furthermore, a window on ketamine's chronic effects is provided by regular recreational users. The current study utilized both acute ketamine administration in healthy volunteers and chronic ketamine abusers to investigate semantic processing, one of the key cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Semantic processing was examined using a semantic priming paradigm. In experiment 1, acute effects of low (75 ng/mL) and high (150 ng/mL) ketamine doses were compared in aplacebo-controlled double-blind independent group design with 48 participants. In experiment 2, 19 regular recreational ketamine users were compared with 19 ketamine-naive polydrug controls and 26 non-drug-using controls. In both experiments, semantic priming parameters were manipulated to distinguish between ketamine's effects on (1) automatic and strategic processing and (2) the facilitation and inhibition components of semantic priming for strongly (directly) related primes and targets. Acute effects of ketamine on semantic priming for weakly (indirectly) related primes and targets were also assessed in experiment 1. Acutely, ketamine impaired the employment of strategic mechanisms but not automatic processing within both the direct and indirect semantic priming tasks. Acute ketamine administration also induced clear schizophrenia-like symptoms. Schizotypy traits in the cognitive and perceptual domains tended to correlate with increased semantic priming in long-term ketamine users. In summary, acute and chronic ketamine-induced changes partially mirrored the findings on semantic priming in schizophrenia.
The Foundations of Ethnic Politics: Separatism of States and Nations in Eurasia and the World

Acknowledgements Note on transliteration 1. Introduction Part I. Theory with Worldwide Examples: 2. The need for a microfoundational theory of ethnicity 3. A relational theory: ethnicity is about uncertainty, whereas ethnic politics is about interests 4. A theory of national separatism in domestic and interstate politics Part II. Case Comparisons: Separatism in Eurasia: 5. Ethnicity: identity and separatism in the USSR 1917-91 6. Central state policies and separatism 7. Framing: manipulating mass opinion in Ukraine and Uzbekistan 8. Institutionally mediated interests: the political economy of secessionism 9. Ethnicity and international integration: the CIS 1991-2007 10. Quantitative evidence: micro-, macro- and multilevel Part III. Conclusion: 11. Toward a general theory of ethnic conflict and solutions Index.
Explaining Continuity and Change in International Policies: Issue Linkage, Venue Change, and Learning on Policies for the River Scheldt Estuary 1967–2005

This paper aims to assess the explanatory power and to explore the compatibility of three major accounts of policy continuity and change in cross-border policy domains: negotiation analysis (NA), the advocacy coalition framework (ACF), and the punctuated-equilibrium (PE) framework. These frameworks are used to analyze policies for the river Scheldt estuary between 1967 and 2005. The estuary of the river Scheldt is situated partly in the Belgian region of Flanders and partly in the Netherlands. Major international policy issues in this estuary are the maritime access to the port of Antwerp, water and sediment pollution, and estuarine rehabilitation. It will be shown that the negotiations on these issues are characterized by complex issue linkages, and that NA does very well in explaining both deadlocks and international policy agreement. However, unlike the ACF, NA does not specify how actors come to define their interests. Moreover, we will argue that learning across the prodevelopment Antwerp coalition and the cross-border environmentalist coalition accounts for a gradual convergence of Dutch and Flemish perceived interests. Finally, PE offers useful complementary insights as Scheldt estuary policies cannot be understood without addressing the interrelations between the processes of negotiation, learning, the creation and enforcement of game rules, which have been going on in different venues simultaneously.
Age and the Desire to Marry

Understanding attitudes toward marriage at older ages is increasingly important as young adults delay marriage and large numbers of people return to the marriage market after divorce. This study examines age differences in the desire to marry among singles age 18 to 69 years, taking into account selection into marriage. Using data drawn from the General Social Survey (GSS), multinomial regressions show that single men and women age 55 to 69 years have less desire to marry than younger single men and women. This age difference in single people's desire to marry is not fully explained by differences in factors that are likely to affect the real or perceived gains from marriage, such as personal resources, children, experience of divorce, or religiosity.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis disease in Somali immigrants in Minnesota.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To characterize pulmonary and extrapulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis cases in the Somali community in Minnesota. DESIGN Retrospective chart review of active tuberculosis cases in Somalis reported to the Minnesota Department of Health between January 1993 and June 1998. PATIENTS Ethnic Somalis in the state of Minnesota with M tuberculosis diagnosed by positive culture or radiographic findings consistent with tuberculosis and clinical improvement when treated with antituberculous drugs. RESULTS Eighty-two Somali patients were diagnosed with tuberculosis during the study period. Extrapulmonary disease (typically lymphadenopathy) was present in 46% (n = 38). The 1997 incidence of tuberculosis in Minnesota's Somali population was estimated at 170 cases per 100,000 population compared with a national incidence of 20.5 per 100,000 among African Americans and 2.5 per 100,000 among whites. Ninety percent of Somali patients were < 40 years of age; 63% were diagnosed within 1 year of immigration, and > 90% had positive results with the purified protein derivative skin test. M tuberculosis was confirmed in 24 of 25 isolates from extrapulmonary cases. Multidrug resistance was present in 3.4%, and only two patients had AIDS. CONCLUSIONS Somalis have a high incidence of active disease, with frequent extrapulmonary involvement in the absence of AIDS, clinical presentation shortly after immigration, and infrequent infection with resistant organisms. Health-care providers should maintain an increased awareness for tuberculosis when evaluating Somali immigrants.
Anteseden Rasa Saling Percaya dan Kerjasama Cerdas dalam Tatanan Budaya Kolektivistik untuk Membangun Modal Sosial dan Modal Intelektual

Review analysis on the research conducted by Sulasmi in the year of 2003 is done to re -examine the roles of various significant variables to build smart cooperation. The variables of mutual trust, shared vision, and complementary of competence which were previously acting as the moderator variable, in this analysis conceptually is placed as the independent variable. The research was conducted in PT BD, a liquidified natural gas processing company in Bontang, and PT CLT an oil refinery company in Pekanbaru. The total number of research respondents was 435 persons. Each of them consists of 50 workgroups, hence altogether there are 100 workgroups. From this research it was found that the work culture of PT BD tends to show collectivistic, while PT CLT is more individualistic. From this analysis, it was found that in different work culture condition, the variables determining the building of smart cooperation are significantly different as well. In a company whose work culture condition tends to be collectivistic, the antecedents of smart cooperation are mutual trust and shared vision, while in work culture tending to show individualistic, the antecedents are mutual trust and complementary of competence. From this analysis it can be concluded that in collectivistic work culture, mutu al trust and shared vision, as the social capital of organization need to be initially developed and eventually could grow smart cooperation as the intellectual capital.
Are happy people healthier? The specific role of positive affect in predicting self-reported health symptoms

Previous empirical work sought to establish relationships between psychological variables and physical health. Research investigating the associations between positive and negative affectivity and physical health have produced mixed results, often suggesting that negative affectivity generally is more strongly associated with health symptoms. We investigated the role of both positive and negative affectivity in predicting self-reported health symptoms. Positive affectivity emerged as a significant predictor of good health, while negative affectivity failed to predict changes in health symptoms. Results are discussed in terms of the benefits of positive emotions in promoting health and improving physical health via psychological interventions.