Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Demographic and clinical characteristics of 1092 consecutive police custody mental health referrals

Abstract The 43 police forces in England and Wales have made over 13 million arrests in the last decade. Yet, despite this high volume criminal justice system activity, and evidence of substantial health morbidity across the criminal justice pathway, mental health services in police custody have only been patchily developed, and the literature in this area is limited. Referrals (n = 1092) to a pilot mental health service operating across two police stations in a London borough were examined over an 18-month period in 2012/2013. The referred group had high levels of mental health and substance misuse problems (including acute mental illness, intoxication and withdrawal), self-harm, suicide risk and vulnerability (including intellectual disability), with some important gender differences. Although this work has limitations, the findings are broadly consistent with the small existing literature and they confirm the need for services that are sufficiently resourced to meet the presenting needs.
Tensors and Hypermatrices

Lek-Heng Lim University of Chicago 15.1 Hypermatrices . 15-2 15.2 Tensors and Multilinear Functionals. 15-6 15.3 Tensor Rank . 15-12 15.4 Border Rank . 15-15 15.5 Generic and Maximal Rank . 15-17 15.6 Rank-Retaining Decomposition . 15-17 15.7 Multilinear Rank . 15-20 15.8 Norms . 15-22 15.9 Hyperdeterminants . 15-25 15.10 Odds and Ends . 15-28 References . 15-28
Identifying Influential and Susceptible Members of Social Networks

Who Influences Who? A goal in social science is how to assess people's influence over one. Aral and Walker (p. 337, published online 21 June) describe a generalized method for identifying influential and susceptible members of social networks based on large-scale in vivo randomized experimentation. The method was used to estimate peer effects in consumer demand for a commercial Facebook application in a representative sample of 12 million Facebook users. Older users were more influential than younger users, women were more influential over men than men over women, and married individuals were the least susceptible to influence in the decision to adopt the product studied. A randomized experiment based on product adoption among Facebook friends identified trend setters and followers. Identifying social influence in networks is critical to understanding how behaviors spread. We present a method that uses in vivo randomized experimentation to identify influence and susceptibility in networks while avoiding the biases inherent in traditional estimates of social contagion. Estimation in a representative sample of 1.3 million Facebook users showed that younger users are more susceptible to influence than older users, men are more influential than women, women influence men more than they influence other women, and married individuals are the least susceptible to influence in the decision to adopt the product offered. Analysis of influence and susceptibility together with network structure revealed that influential individuals are less susceptible to influence than noninfluential individuals and that they cluster in the network while susceptible individuals do not, which suggests that influential people with influential friends may be instrumental in the spread of this product in the network.
German Radio Interviews: The GRAIN Release of the SFB732 Silver Standard Collection

We present GRAIN (German RAdio INterviews) as part of the SFB732 Silver Standard Collection. GRAIN contains German radio interviews and is annotated on multiple linguistic layers. The data has been processed with state-of-the-art tools for text and speech and therefore represents a resource for text-based linguistic research as well as speech science. While there is a gold standard part with manual annotations, the (much larger) silver standard part (which is growing as the radio station releases more interviews) relies completely on automatic annotations. We explicitly release different versions of annotations for the same layers (e.g. morpho-syntax) with the aim to combine and compare multiple layers in order to derive confidence estimations for the annotations. Therefore, parts of the data where the output of several tools match can be considered clear-cut cases, while mismatches hint at areas of interest which are potentially challenging or where rare phenomena can be found.
The Rational Design of a Single‐Component Photocatalyst for Gas‐Phase CO2 Reduction Using Both UV and Visible Light

The solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion of greenhouse gas CO2 into carbon‐based fuels is a very important research challenge, with implications for both climate change and energy security. Herein, the key attributes of hydroxides and oxygen vacancies are experimentally identified in non‐stoichiometric indium oxide nanoparticles, In2O3‐x(OH)y, that function in concert to reduce CO2 to CO under simulated solar irradiation.
Serial processing in reading aloud: Evidence for dual-route models of reading.

The authors examined the regularity effect on reading aloud as a function of left-to-right phonemic position of irregularity in low-frequency exception words. Ss named 96 low-frequency exception words categorized into 5 conditions on the basis of the position (1st through 5th) of their 1st irregular grapheme-to-phoneme correspondence (GPC). Latencies and error rates for these words were compared with the rates for 96 matched GPC regular controls. Results showed that the cost of irregularity decreased monotonically over the 5 positions of irregularity. This result is offered as evidence for dual-route models of reading and against parallel distributed processing models of reading.
The synergy of Helicobacter pylori and lipid metabolic disorders in induction of Th17-related cytokines in human gastric cancer

1Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China. 2Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian, China. 3Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, Fuzhou General Hospital (Dongfang Hospital), Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian, China. 4Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138667, Singapore. 5School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
Validation of the Adult Decision-Making Competence in Slovak students

A study using a high school and college sample (age 18–26) was conducted to validate the Slovak version of the Adult Decision-Making Competence. The results were similar to findings reported by Bruine de Bruin, Parker, and Fischhoff (2007) on the adult population in America. The internal consistency of component subscales and whole measure was confirmed as well as the factor structure. Gender differences in two of the six subscales were found. The results highlight the usefulness of A-DMC in assessing decision-making competence in Slovak language, but non-student samples are needed to enhance the generalisability of findings.
A Fractional Inpainting Model Based on the Vector-Valued Cahn-Hilliard Equation

The Cahn--Hilliard equation provides a simple and fast tool for binary image inpainting. By now, two generalizations to gray value images exist: bitwise binary inpainting and TV-H$^{-1}$ inpainting. This paper outlines a model based on the vector-valued Cahn--Hilliard equation. Additionally, we generalize our approach to a fractional-in-space version. Fourier spectral methods provide efficient solvers since they yield a fully diagonal scheme. Furthermore, their application to three spatial dimensions is straightforward. Numerical examples show the superiority of the proposed fractional Cahn--Hilliard inpainting approach over its nonfractional version. It improves the peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index. Likewise, the experiments confirm that the proposed model competes with previous inpainting methods, such as the total variation inpainting approach and its fourth-order variant.
Short sleep duration and poor sleep quality predict next-day suicidal ideation: an ecological momentary assessment study

Abstract Background Sleep problems are a modifiable risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Yet, sparse research has examined temporal relationships between sleep disturbance, suicidal ideation, and psychological factors implicated in suicide, such as entrapment. This is the first in-the-moment investigation of relationships between suicidal ideation, objective and subjective sleep parameters, and perceptions of entrapment. Methods Fifty-one participants with current suicidal ideation completed week-long ecological momentary assessments. An actigraph watch was worn for the duration of the study, which monitored total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and sleep latency. Daily sleep diaries captured subjective ratings of the same sleep parameters, with the addition of sleep quality. Suicidal ideation and entrapment were measured at six quasi-random time points each day. Multi-level random intercept models and moderation analyses were conducted to examine the links between sleep, entrapment, and suicidal ideation, adjusting for anxiety and depression severity. Results Analyses revealed a unidirectional relationship whereby short sleep duration (both objective and subjective measures), and poor sleep quality, predicted the higher severity of next-day suicidal ideation. However, there was no significant association between daytime suicidal ideation and sleep the following night. Sleep quality moderated the relationship between pre-sleep entrapment and awakening levels of suicidal ideation. Conclusions This is the first study to report night-to-day relationships between sleep disturbance, suicidal ideation, and entrapment. Findings suggest that sleep quality may alter the strength of the relationship between pre-sleep entrapment and awakening suicidal ideation. Clinically, results underscore the importance of assessing and treating sleep disturbance when working with those experiencing suicidal ideation.
Migration strategy of a flight generalist, the Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus

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Microwave conductivity measurements of a graphene monolayer over D-band

Polyethylene teraphthalate (PET). Multiple reflections due to substrate-air interface and horn antenna(s) were eliminated using a time gated Fourier transformed pulse excitation. The graphene film on PET substrate increased the reflection (S<inf>11</inf>) by 3–4dB over the entire frequency range, and the transmission coefficient (S<inf>21</inf>) decreased by 1–2dB. The surface conductivity σ<inf>g</inf> ≈ 0.003–0.005 S/sq. was calculated from measured scattering parameters using Liang's formula. The result was comparable to its theoretically predicted values (Kubo's formula) over the frequency band of interest.
Diagnosis and actual therapy strategies in peripheral T-cell lymphomas: summary of an international meeting.

*Correspondence to: Dr E. Weidmann, II. Medizinische Klinik, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Steinbacher Hohl 2–26, 60488 Frankfurt, Germany. Tel: +49-69-7601-3319; Fax: +49-69-7601-3339; E-mail: E.Weidmann@em.uni-frankfurt.de Department of Medicine III, JW-Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main; Department of Medicine III, University of Erlangen Nürnberg, Erlangen; Medizinische Poliklinik, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
Connecting content to community in social media via image content, user tags and user communication

In this paper we develop a recommendation framework to connect image content with communities in online social media. The problem is important because users are looking for useful feedback on their uploaded content, but finding the right community for feedback is challenging for the end user. Social media are characterized by both content and community. Hence, in our approach, we characterize images through three types of features: visual features, user generated text tags, and social interaction (user communication history in the form of comments). A recommendation framework based on learning a latent space representation of the groups is developed to recommend the most likely groups for a given image. The model was tested on a large corpus of Flickr images comprising 15,689 images. Our method outperforms the baseline method, with a mean precision 0.62 and mean recall 0.69. Importantly, we show that fusing image content, text tags with social interaction features outperforms the case of only using image content or tags.
PNPLA3 expression and its impact on the liver: current perspectives

A single-nucleotide polymorphism occurring in the sequence of the human patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 gene (PNPLA3), known as I148M variant, is one of the best characterized and deeply investigated variants in several clinical scenarios, because of its tight correlation with increased risk for developing hepatic steatosis and more aggressive part of the disease spectrum, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. Further, the I148M variant is positively associated with alcoholic liver diseases, chronic hepatitis C–related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The native gene encodes for a protein that has not yet a fully defined role in liver lipid metabolism and, according to recent observations, seems to be divergently regulated among distinct liver cells type, such as hepatic stellate cells. Therefore, the aim of this review is to collect the latest data regarding PNPLA3 expression in human liver and to analyze the impact of its genetic variant in human hepatic pathologies. Moreover, a description of the current biochemical and metabolic data pertaining to PNPLA3 function in both animal models and in vitro studies is summarized to allow a better understanding of the relevant pathophysiological role of this enzyme in the progression of hepatic diseases.
The struggle to improve schools

There have been constant debates on how to improve school leadership in South Africa. This has emanated from numerous research findings locally and internationally that demonstrate that schools will be as effective as the people who are at their helm. The national Zenex/Advanced Certificate in Education research findings have also claimed that mentoring of school leaders has great potential to sustain effective schools. The idea of formal mentoring is fairly new in South African schools but its popularity is growing widely. This qualitative study focused on the experiences of five mentors who mentored five principals. There was only one historically white school in the study. Two of these principals are principals in historically black schools, one from a rural school and one from a farm school – all these schools are situated in KwaZulu-Natal Province in South Africa. The results demonstrate that whilst the mentors highlighted room for improvement in the current incipient practice of formal mentoring, they displayed optimism for the future of schools whose leaders are mentored. They also maintained that effective mentoring builds confidence and commitment among school leaders.
Influence of Acid Volatile Sulfide and Metal Concentrations on Metal Bioavailability to Marine Invertebrates in Contaminated Sediments

An 18-day microcosm study was conducted to evaluate the influence of acid volatile sulfides (AVS) and metal additions on bioaccumulation from sediments of Cd, Ni, and Zn in two clams (Macoma balthica and Potamocorbula amurensis) and three marine polychaetes (Neanthes arenaceodentata, Heteromastus filiformis, and Spiophanes missionensis). Manipulation of AVS by oxidation of naturally anoxic sediments allowed use of metal concentrations typical of nature and evaluation of processes important to chronic metal exposure. A vertical sediment column similar to that often found in nature was used to facilitate realistic biological behavior. Results showed that AVS or porewater (PW) metals controlled bioaccumulation in only 2 of 15 metal-animal combinations. Bioaccumulation of all three metals by the bivalves was related significantly to metal concentrations extracted from sediments (SEM) but not to [SEM − AVS] or PW metals. SEM predominantly influenced bioaccumulation of Ni and Zn in N. arenaceodentata, but Cd bi.
Benchmarking System-Level Performance of Passive and Active Plasmonic Components: Integrated Circuit Approach

Using criteria of bandwidth and energy consumption for signal guiding and processing, system-level figures of merit (FOMs) for both passive and active plasmonic circuit components are introduced, benchmarking their performance for the realization of high-bandwidth optical data communication on a chip. The FOM for passive plasmonic interconnects has been derived in terms of the system-level performance of the plasmonic circuitry, emphasising the bandwidth and power dissipation densities. These parameters are linked to the local waveguide characteristics, such as the mode propagation length, bend radius, and mode size. The FOM enables a comparison of the main types of plasmonic waveguides and can serve as a benchmark for future designs of photonic integrated circuits. A FOM for active photonic or plasmonic electro-optical, thermo-optical, and all-optical modulators is also derived to reflect the same benchmarking principles. A particular emphasis is made on establishing a practically oriented benchmark where the integral performance of the circuit, not the size or energy consumption of individual components, plays the defining role.
A Primer on Metagenomics

Metagenomics is a discipline that enables the genomic study of uncultured microorganisms. Faster, cheaper sequencing technologies and the ability to sequence uncultured microbes sampled directly from their habitats are expanding and transforming our view of the microbial world. Distilling meaningful information from the millions of new genomic sequences presents a serious challenge to bioinformaticians. In cultured microbes, the genomic data come from a single clone, making sequence assembly and annotation tractable. In metagenomics, the data come from heterogeneous microbial communities, sometimes containing more than 10,000 species, with the sequence data being noisy and partial. From sampling, to assembly, to gene calling and function prediction, bioinformatics faces new demands in interpreting voluminous, noisy, and often partial sequence data. Although metagenomics is a relative newcomer to science, the past few years have seen an explosion in computational methods applied to metagenomic-based research. It is therefore not within the scope of this article to provide an exhaustive review. Rather, we provide here a concise yet comprehensive introduction to the current computational requirements presented by metagenomics, and review the recent progress made. We also note whether there is software that implements any of the methods presented here, and briefly review its utility. Nevertheless, it would be useful if readers of this article would avail themselves of the comment section provided by this journal, and relate their own experiences. Finally, the last section of this article provides a few representative studies illustrating different facets of recent scientific discoveries made using metagenomics.
Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke and the Risk of Tuberculosis in Children and Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 18 Observational Studies

Background According to WHO Global Health Estimates, tuberculosis (TB) is among the top ten causes of global mortality and ranks second after cardiovascular disease in most high-burden regions. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated the role of second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure as a risk factor for TB among children and adults. Methods and Findings We performed a systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to August 31, 2014. Our a priori inclusion criteria encompassed only original studies where latent TB infection (LTBI) and active TB disease were diagnosed microbiologically, clinically, histologically, or radiologically. Effect estimates were pooled using fixed- and random-effects models. We identified 18 eligible studies, with 30,757 children and 44,432 adult non-smokers, containing SHS exposure and TB outcome data for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Twelve studies assessed children and eight studies assessed adult non-smokers; two studies assessed both populations. Summary relative risk (RR) of LTBI associated with SHS exposure in children was similar to the overall effect size, with high heterogeneity (pooled RR 1.64, 95% CI 1.00–2.83). Children showed a more than 3-fold increased risk of SHS-associated active TB (pooled RR 3.41, 95% CI 1.81–6.45), which was higher than the risk in adults exposed to SHS (summary RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.04–1.68). Positive and significant exposure–response relationships were observed among children under 5 y (RR 5.88, 95% CI 2.09–16.54), children exposed to SHS through any parent (RR 4.20, 95% CI 1.92–9.20), and children living under the most crowded household conditions (RR 5.53, 95% CI 2.36–12.98). Associations for LTBI and active TB disease remained significant after adjustment for age, biomass fuel (BMF) use, and presence of a TB patient in the household, although the meta-analysis was limited to a subset of studies that adjusted for these variables. There was a loss of association with increased risk of LTBI (but not active TB) after adjustment for socioeconomic status (SES) and study quality. The major limitation of this analysis is the high heterogeneity in outcomes among studies of pediatric cases of LTBI and TB disease. Conclusions We found that SHS exposure is associated with an increase in the relative risk of LTBI and active TB after controlling for age, BMF use, and contact with a TB patient, and there was no significant association of SHS exposure with LTBI after adjustment for SES and study quality. Given the high heterogeneity among the primary studies, our analysis may not show sufficient evidence to confirm an association. In addition, considering that the TB burden is highest in countries with increasing SHS exposure, it is important to confirm these results with higher quality studies. Research in this area may have important implications for TB and tobacco control programs, especially for children in settings with high SHS exposure and TB burden.