Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Object-Based Weighting Approach to Spatiotemporal Fusion of High Spatial Resolution Satellite Images for Small-Scale Cropland Monitoring

Continuous crop monitoring often requires a time-series set of satellite images. Since satellite images have a trade-off in spatial and temporal resolution, spatiotemporal image fusion (STIF) has been applied to construct time-series images at a consistent scale. With the increased availability of high spatial resolution images, it is necessary to develop a new STIF model that can effectively reflect the properties of high spatial resolution satellite images for small-scale crop field monitoring. This paper proposes an advanced STIF model using a single image pair, called high spatial resolution image fusion using object-based weighting (HIFOW), for blending high spatial resolution satellite images. The four-step weighted-function approach of HIFOW includes (1) temporal relationship modeling, (2) object extraction using image segmentation, (3) weighting based on object information, and (4) residual correction to quantify temporal variability between the base and prediction dates and also represent both spectral patterns at the prediction date and spatial details of fine-scale images. The specific procedures tailored for blending fine-scale images are the extraction of object-based change and structural information and their application to weight determination. The potential of HIFOW was evaluated from the experiments on agricultural sites using Sentinel-2 and RapidEye images. HIFOW was compared with three existing STIF models, including the spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model (STARFM), flexible spatiotemporal data fusion (FSDAF), and Fit-FC. Experimental results revealed that the HIFOW prediction could restore detailed spatial patterns within crop fields and clear crop boundaries with less spectral distortion, which was not represented in the prediction results of the other three models. Consequently, HIFOW achieved the best prediction performance in terms of accuracy and structural similarity for all the spectral bands. Other than the reflectance prediction, HIFOW also yielded superior prediction performance for blending normalized difference vegetation index images. These findings indicate that HIFOW could be a potential solution for constructing high spatial resolution time-series images in small-scale croplands.
Cox Rings and Partial Amplitude

Author(s): Brown, Morgan Veljko | Advisor(s): Eisenbud, David | Abstract: In algebraic geometry, we often study algebraic varieties by looking at their codimension one subvarieties, or divisors. In this thesis we explore the relationship between the global geometry of a variety $X$ over $\mathbb{C}$ and the algebraic, geometric, and cohomological properties of divisors on $X$. Chapter 1 provides background for the results proved later in this thesis. There we give an introduction to divisors and their role in modern birational geometry, culminating in a brief overview of the minimal model program.In chapter 2 we explore criteria for Totaro's notion of $q$-amplitude. A line bundle $L$ on $X$ is $q$-ample if for every coherent sheaf $\mathcal{F}$ on $X$, there exists an integer $m_0$ such that $m\geq m_0$ implies $H^i(X,\mathcal{F}\otimes \mathcal{O}(mL))=0$ for $igq$. We show that a line bundle $L$ on a complex projective scheme $X$ is $q$-ample if and only if the restriction of $L$ to its augmented base locus is $q$-ample. In particular, when $X$ is a variety and $L$ is big but fails to be $q$-ample, then there exists a codimension $1$ subscheme $D$ of $X$ such that the restriction of $L$ to $D$ is not $q$-ample.In chapter 3 we study the singularities of Cox rings. Let $(X,\Delta)$ be a log Fano pair, with Cox ring $R$. It is a theorem of Birkar, Cascini, Hacon and McKernan that $R$ is finitely generated as a $\C$ algebra. We show that Spec $R$ has log terminal singularities.
Determination of predischarge learning needs of patients with myocardial infarction

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the predischarge learning needs and influencing factors of patients with myocardial infarction. Patients and methods: The study included 190 MI patients (156 males, 34 females; mean age: 60.2±12.7 years; range, 21 to 85 years) admitted with the diagnosis of myocardial infarction between February 2021 and February 2022. Data were collected using the Sociodemographic/Clinical Characteristics Form and the Turkish version of the Cardiac Patients' Learning Needs Inventory. Results: The patients' symptom management, physical activity, anatomy and physiology of the heart, diet, psychological factors, lifestyle, and the mean total score on the scale were 27.45±2.64, 22.82±3.53, 20.56±3.15, 19.92±3.19, 15.45±2.81, 12.38±1.95, 155.21±17.11 points, respectively. It was found that there was a statistically significant difference in the general education need levels of the patients according to their education status, marital status, working status, exercise habit, cohabitants, additional chronic diseases, and history of heart attack/angiography and seeking information about heart attacks (p<0.05). Conclusion: Predischarge learning needs levels of patients with myocardial infarction were relatively high. The primary learning need was for symptom management. Patients' learning needs levels varied according to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
Broad Balmer-line Absorption in SDSS J172341.10+555340.5

I present the discovery of Balmer-line absorption from H alpha to H9 in iron low-ionizaton broad absorption line (FeLoBAL) quasar, SDSS~J172341.10+555340.5 by near-infrared spectroscopy with the Cooled Infrared Spectrograph and Camera for OHS (CISCO) attached to the Subaru telescope. The redshift of the Balmer-line absorption troughs is 2.0530 +/- 0.0003, and it is blueshifted by 5370 km s^{-1} from the Balmer emission lines. It is more than $4000$ km s^{-1} blueshifted from the previously known UV absorption lines. I detect relatively strong (EW_rest=20A) [O III] emission lines which are similar to those found in other broad absorption line quasars with Balmer-line absorption. I derived a column density of neutral hydrogen of 5.2x10^{17} cm^{-2} by using the curve of growth and taking account of Ly alpha trapping. I searched for UV absorption lines which have the same redshift with Balmer-line absorption. I found Al II} and Fe III absorption lines at z=2.053 which correspond to previously unidentified absorption lines, and the presence of other blended troughs that were difficult to identify.
Age and growth of the red flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus (Teleostei: Pleuronectiformes) in southern Brazil

The red flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus is a large pleuronectiform fish endemic in coastal waters, coastal lagoons and estuaries in the southwestern Atlantic. Although less abundant than other Paralichthys spp, its high price makes it a valuable resource for small-scale fishers that have been intensely fished in the last decades. To study its growth and lifespan in southern Brazil, we examined thin otolith sections collected for age determinations of both young-of-the-year (YOY) and older fishes. Opaque bands form mainly in spring and summer, coincident with the reproductive season. Larger and older males reached 601 mm and eight years, while females reached 985 mm and 11 years. The assumed daily microincrements counts ranged from 127 to 196 for YOY of 135 to 184 mm TL. The common weight-length equation for grouped sexes was TW♀♂=0.000015TL2. 93 (mm, g). The von Bertalanffy growth equations were: TL♀=1076(1–e–0.15 (t+0.78)); TL♂=652(1–e–0.28 (t+0.48)); and TL♀♂=839(1–e–0.20 (t+0.67)). Therefore, P. orbignyanus is a fast-growing and relatively short-living species for which females attain larger length and older ages than males, characteristics that have to be taken into account for its stock assessment and management.
Processes Associated with Multiphase Dolomitization and Other Related Diagenetic Events in the Jurassic Samana Suk Formation, Himalayan Foreland Basin, NW Pakistan

Foreland fold and thrust belts always represent a complex diagenetic history of carbonate succession, particularly multiphase dolomitization, due to the multi-sourcing nature of fluids affecting syn-to post-depositional successions. The present work documents a comprehensive study on the diagenetic changes, particularly dolomitization patterns in the Jurassic carbonates (Samana Suk Fm) in the Lesser Himalayan fold and thrust belt, NW Pakistan. To better understand the processes involved, integrated field/petrographic, geochemical, isotopic, and micro-thermometric studies were carried out. Field observations indicate that dolostones appear as light grey to brown stratabound and patchy units within the formation. Petrographic analysis reveals that fabric destructive matrix dolomite (RD-I) and fabric preserving replacive dolomite (RD-II) phases are present as distinct units. In addition, saddle dolomite cement (SD) and fracture-filling calcite (CC) are also observed in association with replacive dolomite cement. Geochemical analysis (EPMA) showed that Fe, Mn, and Ba concentrations in matrix dolomite are relatively less than those of replacive/saddle dolomite and fracture-filling calcite, suggesting a hydrothermal source of replacive/saddle dolomite in reducing conditions. Furthermore, stable isotope studies of RD-I showed non-depleted δ18O values, which represent coeval seawater signatures of Jurassic carbonates. RD shows depleted δ18O values and non-depleted δ13C, respectively, indicating burial or elevated temperature of dolomitization. Fracture-filled calcite represents lighter δ18O values and δ13C, indicative of relatively high temperatures. 87Sr/86Sr ratios of all diagenetic phases range from 0.707718 to 0.710747, showing more radiogenic values indicates interaction fluids with more radiogenic sources. Fluid inclusion micro-thermometry data of saddle dolomite shows TH ranging from 102.8 to 186 ̊C, and salinity ranging from 11.7 to 19.4 eq. wt. % NaCl, suggesting hot saline brines are responsible for the dolomitization. Fracture-filling calcite shows TH ranging from 68.0 to 98.4 °C and salinity ranging from 6.9 to 13.1 eq. wt. %. NaCl suggests moderately hot and saline solutions are responsible for their formation. In conclusion, the above-mentioned studies indicate two distinct processes of dolomitization are involved in the formation of matrix and replacive/saddle-type dolomites. RD-I has formed in the evaporative setting, whereas RD has formed due to the interaction of hydrothermal fluids during burial. Fracture-filling calcite is produced from hot subsurface solutions during uplift related to the Himalayan orogeny.
Beyond Personal Responsibility: Analyzing How Attributing Responsibility for Environmental Protection Can Hinder Action

Environmentalists face several challenges when communicating water quality hazards, especially those that are unseen to the naked eye. Grounded in the Extended Parallel Process Model, we analyzed how perceptions of conservation responsibility and the visualization of pollution affected perceived water quality threats, efficacy, and pro-environmental behavior outcomes. We conducted a 2 × 2 between-subjects controlled message-testing experiment with 502 adults from the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Individuals viewed personal or government attribution messages with fear or non-fear visuals to see how messages affected intentions to take part in a river clean-up day, enact environmentally friendly behaviors, and comment on public policy. Messages that promoted government responsibility and those that featured images of polluted water increased response efficacy, threat appraisals, fear, and intentions. Promoting personal responsibility yielded more limited effects. Furthermore, messages were less effective when they featured visuals of clean water. Implications include recommendations for using responsibility attribution messages in practice and engaging the public with information about unseen hazards.
Annexin A2 Improves the Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exposed to High-Glucose Conditions through Lessening the Senescence

Osteoporosis is frequently found in chronic diabetic patients, and it results in an increased risk of bone fractures occurring. The underlying mechanism of osteoporosis in diabetic patients is still largely unknown. Annexin A2 (ANXA2), a family of calcium-binding proteins, has been reported to be involved in many biological process including bone remodeling. This study aimed to investigate the role of ANXA2 in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during in vitro osteoinduction under high-glucose concentrations. Osteogenic gene expression, calcium deposition, and cellular senescence were determined. The high-glucose conditions reduced the osteogenic differentiation potential of the MSCs along with the lower expression of ANXA2. Moreover, the high-glucose conditions increased the cellular senescence of the MSCs as determined by senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining and the expression of p16, p21, and p53 genes. The addition of recombinant ANXA2 could recover the glucose-induced deterioration of the osteogenic differentiation of the MSCs and ameliorate the glucose-induced cellular senescence of the MSCs. A Western blot analysis revealed an increase in p53 and phosphorylated p53 (Ser 15), which was decreased by recombinant ANXA2 in MSC osteoblastic differentiation under high-glucose conditions. Our study suggested that the alteration of ANXA2 in high-glucose conditions may be one of the plausible factors in the deterioration of bones in diabetic patients by triggering cellular senescence.
A Participatory Framework for Plain Language Clinical Management Guideline Development

Background: Clinical management guidelines (CMGs) are decision support tools for patient care used by professionals, patients, and family caregivers. Since clinical experts develop numerous CMGs, their technical language hinders comprehension and access by nonmedical stakeholders. Additionally, the views of affected individuals and their families are often not incorporated into treatment guidelines. We developed an adequate methodology for addressing the needs and preferences of family and professional stakeholders regarding CMGs, a recently developed protocol for managing congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a family of rare metabolic diseases. We used the CDG community and phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2)-CDG CMGs as a pilot to test and implement our methodology. Results: We listened to 89 PMM2-CDG families and 35 professional stakeholders and quantified their CMG-related needs and preferences through an electronic questionnaire. Most families and professionals rated CMGs as relevant (86.5% and 94.3%, respectively), and valuable (84.3% and 94.3%, respectively) in CDG management. The most identified challenges were the lack of CMG awareness (50.6% of families) and the lack of plain language CMG (39.3% of professionals). Concordantly, among families, the most suggested solution was involving them in CMG development (55.1%), while professionals proposed adapting CMGs to include plain language (71.4%). Based on these results, a participatory framework built upon health literacy principles was created to improve CMG comprehension and accessibility. The outputs are six complementary CMG-related resources differentially adapted to the CDG community’s needs and preferences, with a plain language PMM2-CDG CMG as the primary outcome. Additionally, the participants established a distribution plan to ensure wider access to all resources. Conclusions: This empowering, people-centric methodology accelerates CMG development and accessibility to all stakeholders, ultimately improving the quality of life of individuals living with a specific condition and raising the possibility of application to other clinical guidelines.
High‐frequency radio polarization measurements of WMAP point sources

We present polarization measurements at 8.4, 22, and 43 GHz made with the Very Large Array (VLA) of a complete sample of extragalactic sources stronger than 1 Jy in the 5 yr Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) catalogue and with declinations north of -34°. The observations were motivated by the need to know the polarization properties of radio sources at frequencies of tens of GHz in order to subtract polarized foregrounds for future sensitive cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments. The total intensity and polarization measurements are generally consistent with comparable VLA calibration measurements for less-variable sources, and within a similar range to WMAP fluxes for unresolved sources. A further paper will present correlations between measured parameters and derive implications for CMB measurements.
A class of fractional optimal control problems and fractional Pontryagin's systems. Existence of a fractional Noether's theorem

In this paper, we study a class of fractional optimal control problems. A necessary condition for the existence of an optimal control is provided in the literature. It is commonly given as the existence of a solution of a fractional Pontryagin's system and the proof is based on the introduction of a Lagrange multiplier. Assuming an additional condition on these problems, we suggest a new presentation of this result with a proof using only classical mathematical tools adapted to the fractional case: calculus of variations, Gronwall's Lemma, Cauchy-Lipschitz Theorem and stability under perturbations of differential equations. In this paper, we furthermore provide a way in order to transit from a classical optimal control problem to its fractional version via the Stanislavsky's formalism. We also solve a strict fractional example allowing to test numerical schemes. Finally, we state a fractional Noether's theorem giving the existence of an explicit constant of motion for fractional Pontryagin's systems admitting a symmetry.
Are Strategies for Women in Compensation Negotiations More Appealing When It Is Explained How They Are Meant to Impact Negotiation Outcomes?

Women perceive specific strategies developed to support their performance in compensation negotiations as ineffective and are unlikely to use them—suggesting an implementation gap. We examined whether providing theoretical rationales—explaining how specific strategies are meant to work—attenuates this gap. Furthermore, we explored a novel cause of it: women's expectations regarding the perpetuation of gender roles upon using a strategy. In two studies (N = 1,254), we observed that regardless of the provision of the rationales, women expected all examined specific strategies to be less economically effective and most of them to perpetuate gender roles more than regular assertiveness. Moreover, especially women's expectations regarding economic outcomes decreased their intentions to use most specific strategies. Women also expected most specific strategies to lead to less favorable social evaluations than yielding, which again led to their lower intentions to use them. Altogether, negotiation trainers and educators should consider that explaining how specific strategies are meant to work is not enough to close the implementation gap and to reduce gender inequality in negotiations. To attenuate the implementation gap, they may need to enable women to more fully experience how using specific strategies can improve their negotiation performance. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub. com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843221128484.
Ability of selected wood-inhabiting fungi to degrade in vitro sapwood and heartwood of Nothofagus pumilio

Fungi are the main decomposers of lignocellulose in temperate forests, and are classified as either white- or brown-rot, based on the ability to degrade lignin along with cellulose and hemicellulose. In this work, decomposition of Nothofagus pumilio wood by different wood-inhabiting fungal species was investigated through in vitro assays. Sapwood and heartwood blocks were individually exposed to 11 fungal species; mass loss was determined after 75, 135, and 195 days of exposure, comparatively analyzing the fungal ability to colonize and degrade this lignocellulosic substrate corresponding to both parts of the wood. Transverse section slices of the blocks were cut and separately stained with two types of dyes, Congo red and phloroglucinol, that are specifically associated with cellulose and lignin, respectively. Most of the species showed a different performance in sapwood and heartwood. Rhizochaete brunnea, Aurantiporus albidus and Phanerochaete velutina produced the greatest mass losses in sapwood. The latter two and Laetiporus portentosus produced the highest mass losses in heartwood, whereas Rh. brunnea was among the worst decomposers of this substrate. White rotters generally showed a higher ability to degrade the sapwood and brown rotters the heartwood. The fungal species that produced greater mass losses in heartwood than in sapwood grow on heartwood of living trees. Among white-rot fungi, two modes of action were identified: a) localized degradation, with zones of advanced decay in a less deteriorated matrix, and b) homogeneous degradation, with an even decay. Our results showed that many species have different performances in different substrates, reinforcing the importance of analyzing sapwood and heartwood decomposition separately, usually not done in this kind of studies.
Consistent analysis of neutral- and charged-current (anti)neutrino scattering off carbon

Good understanding of the cross sections for (anti)neutrino scattering off nuclear targets in the few-GeV energy region is a prerequisite for the correct interpretation of results of ongoing and planned oscillation experiments. To clarify a possible source of disagreement between recent measurements of the cross sections on carbon, we analyze the available data within an approach based on the realistic spectral function of carbon, treating neutral-current elastic (NCE) and charged-current quasielastic (CCQE) processes on equal footing. We show that the axial mass from the shape analysis of the MiniBooNE data is in good agreement with the results reported by the BNL E734 and NOMAD Collaborations. However, the combined analysis of the NCE and CCQE data does not seem to support the contribution of multinucleon final states being large enough to explain the normalization of the MiniBooNE-reported cross sections.
Cosmic Abundances as Records of Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis in honor of David L. Lambert

We review our current knowledge of the solar chemical composition as determined from photospheric absorption lines. In particular we describe the recent significant revisions of the solar abundances as a result of the application of a time-dependent, 3D hydrodynamical model of the solar atmosphere instead of 1D hydrostatic models. This has decreased the metal content in the solar convection zone by almost a factor of two compared with the widely used compilation by Anders & Grevesse (1989). While resolving a number of longstandings problems, the new 3D-based element abundances also pose serious challenges, most notably for helioseismology.