Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Simulation of Renewable Energy Fed Brushless DC Motor Drive Using Improved DC-DC Converter For Reducing Vibration and Noise

The anticipated research involve, Modeling and simulation of Renewable Energy Fed Brushless DC motor Drive using Improved DC-DC Converter for reducing vibration and noise. It consists of buck and boost converter, DC-link module. Compare with conventional converters, the designed system results in reduction of voltage tension across the switches, compact power switches, DC source reckoning and reduced inrush current. In this Enhanced converter DClink switching is achieved by abridged ripple voltage which results in improved quality of output power is obtained and it also reduces vibration, noise in the drive without affecting mechanical properties. Lessening in switch tot up makes the system more cost effective. A simulation of Buck-Boost converter is designed and its concert is analysed for various functioning factor conditions.
Cross-linking mass spectrometry identifies new interfaces of Augmin required to localise the γ-tubulin ring complex to the mitotic spindle

ABSTRACT The hetero-octameric protein complex, Augmin, recruits γ-Tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC) to pre-existing microtubules (MTs) to generate branched MTs during mitosis, facilitating robust spindle assembly. However, despite a recent partial reconstitution of the human Augmin complex in vitro, the molecular basis of this recruitment remains unclear. Here, we used immuno-affinity purification of in vivo Augmin from Drosophila and cross-linking/mass spectrometry to identify distance restraints between residues within the eight Augmin subunits in the absence of any other structural information. The results allowed us to predict potential interfaces between Augmin and γ-TuRC. We tested these predictions biochemically and in the Drosophila embryo, demonstrating that specific regions of the Augmin subunits, Dgt3, Dgt5 and Dgt6 all directly bind the γ-TuRC protein, Dgp71WD, and are required for the accumulation of γ-TuRC, but not Augmin, to the mitotic spindle. This study therefore substantially increases our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning MT-dependent MT nucleation. Summary: A map of subunit positional restrictions in Drosophila Augmin shows that Dgt3, Dgt5 and Dgt6 are all required to localise gamma-TuRC to mitotic spindles.
Immunochemical identification and subcellular distribution of the alpha 1A subunits of brain calcium channels

A site-directed anti-peptide antibody (anti-CNA1) directed against the alpha 1 subunit of class A calcium channels (alpha 1A) recognized a protein of approximately 190-200 kDa in immunoblot and immunoprecipitation analyses of rat brain glycoproteins. Calcium channels recognized by anti-CNA1 were distributed throughout the brain with a high concentration in the cerebellum. Calcium channels having alpha 1A subunits were concentrated in presynaptic terminals making synapses on cell bodies and on dendritic shafts and spines of many classes of neurons and were especially prominent in the synapses of the parallel fibers of cerebellar granule cells on Purkinje neurons where their localization in presynaptic terminals was confirmed by double labeling with the synaptic membrane protein syntaxin or the microinjected postsynaptic marker Neurobiotin. They were present in lower density in the surface membrane of dendrites of most major classes of neurons. There was substantial labeling of Purkinje cell bodies, but less intense staining of the cell bodies of hippocampal pyramidal neurons, layer V pyramidal neurons in the dorsal cortex, and most other classes of neurons in the forebrain and cerebellum. Scattered cell bodies elsewhere in the brain were labeled at low levels. These results define a unique pattern of localization of class A calcium channels in the cell bodies, dendrites, and presynaptic terminals of most central neurons. Compared to class B N-type calcium channels, class A calcium channels are concentrated in a larger number of presynaptic nerve terminals implying a more prominent role in neurotransmitter release at many central synapses.
Dynamic localization of myosin-I to endocytic structures in Acanthamoeba.

We used fluorescence microscopy of live Acanthamoeba to follow the time course of the concentration of myosin-I next to the plasma membrane at sites of macropinocytosis and phagocytosis. We marked myosin-I with a fluorescently labeled monoclonal antibody (Cy3-M1.7) introduced into the cytoplasm by syringe loading. M1.7 binds myosin-IA and -IC without affecting their activities, but does not bind myosin-IB. Cy3-M1.7 concentrates at two different macropinocytic structures: large circular membrane ruffles that fuse to create macropinosomes, and smaller endocytic structures that occur at the end of stalk-like pseudopodia. These dynamic structures enclose macropinosomes every 30-60 s. Cy3-M1.7 accumulates rapidly as these endocytic structures form and dissipate rapidly after they internalize. Double labeling fixed cells with Cy3-M1.7 and polyclonal antibodies specific for myosin-IA, -IB, or -IC revealed that all three myosin-I isoforms associate with macropinocytic structures, but individual structures vary in their myosin-I isoform composition. Myosin-I and actin also concentrate transiently at sites where amoebae ingest yeast or the pseudopodia of neighboring cells (heterophagy) by the process of phagocytosis. Within 3 min of yeast attachment to the amoeba, myosin-I concentrates around the phagocytic cup, yeast are internalized, and myosin-I de-localizes. Despite known differences in the regulation of macropinocytosis and phagocytosis, the morphology, protein composition, and dynamics of phagocytosis and macropinocytosis are similar, indicating that they share common structural properties and contractile mechanisms.
Sustainable HCI: Blending Permaculture and User-experience.

For approximately 10 years the SIGCHI Sustainable HCI (sHCI) and Sustainable Interaction Design (SID) communities have debated the contribution that HCI can make to sustainability. However, there has been little real progress in the field with few, if any, methods arising that take the discipline further. In this paper we present an approach to sHCI and SID that involves doing. Building on approaches from the maker community we propose to blend aspects of permaculture -- an approach to sustainable design -- and user experience (UX) development to produce gardens that demonstrate sustainable practice and deliver a good UX. By blending the constructs from UX with those from permaculture and expressing the blends through the "material anchor" of gardens we create novel design interventions. These lead to user experiences that invite people to reflect on what sustainability really means and how people can make a difference.
Joint effect of jamming and noise on the secrecy outage performance of wiretap channels with feedback delay and multiple antennas

In this paper, we investigate the secrecy performance of multiple‐input–multiple‐output wiretap channels with outdated channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. The joint effect of multiple jamming signals and noise at the eavesdropper is studied assuming that the transmitter adopts a transmit antenna selection technique, while both the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper use a maximal‐ratio combining scheme to achieve spatial diversity in reception. Exact closed‐form expressions for the nonzero secrecy rate probability and the secrecy outage probability for an arbitrary number of power distributed jamming signals are derived, by assuming both perfect and imperfect CSI. The general secrecy outage probability expressions are simplified for 2 special cases, ie, different and equal power distributed interferers. Furthermore, we conduct an asymptotic secrecy outage analysis at high signal‐to‐noise ratio, which reveals that the expected diversity gain cannot be realized for imperfect CSI and full diversity order can only be achieved under the perfect CSI condition. In addition, our results reveal that the number of antennas at the eavesdropper as well as the number of jamming signals do not affect the system diversity order. Simulation results are performed to illustrate the effects of imperfect feedback and other key system parameters on the secrecy performance. Finally, our analytical results are validated through Monte Carlo simulations.
A New Tree-Based Routing Algorithm for Energy Reduction in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are set of thousands or more micro sensor nodes that one of the most important constraints of them is their limited energy. Since these nodes have very small dimensions, so their needed energy is provided by small and limited energy batteries. Therefore, the problem of energy reduction will be one of the biggest challenges in these networks. In this paper, we will propose a new cluster-based method that can reduce the average energy consumption in each round using a new method for data packet transmission to BS . In this method, all normal nodes and all cluster heads (CHs) use a tree structure for transmit their data packets toward the cluster heads and BS respectively. In fact, the energy consumption is reduced in contrast to LEACH through the following modifications. 1) minimization of hop lengths which are necessary to transmission of data packets inside the clusters 2) via continuously data aggregation in and out of the clusters 3) the selection of the nearest cluster head to the BS for transmission of final data packet toward the BS in each round. Simulation results show that the new algorithm decreases the average energy consumption of sensor network in contrast to LEACH.
Isolated flexor digitorum profundus tendon injuries in zones IIA and IIB repaired with figure of eight sutures

The ‘figure of eight’ suture technique for flexor tendon repair is known to be simple and strong but it has the major disadvantage of being bulky, with the knots outside the repair site. When the superficialis tendon is intact it may cause impingement and/or increase the work of flexion with postoperative mobilization and it is not known whether this bulky repair is suitable for isolated profundus injuries in zone II. A series of 36 patients (36 fingers) with clean-cut isolated flexor digitorum profundus tendon injuries in zones IIA/IIB were reviewed retrospectively. Repairs were done with three ‘figure of eight’ sutures and the pulleys proximal to the tendon laceration level were vented. Postoperatively, early active exercises were carried out. There were no ruptures. At a mean final follow-up of 6 months, the outcome (in range of motion) was excellent in 27 fingers and good in the remaining nine fingers by the Strickland criteria. It was concluded that the bulky ‘figure of eight’ technique can be used in isolated profundus tendon injuries in zones IIA/IIB.
The RNase H-like superfamily: new members, comparative structural analysis and evolutionary classification

Ribonuclease H-like (RNHL) superfamily, also called the retroviral integrase superfamily, groups together numerous enzymes involved in nucleic acid metabolism and implicated in many biological processes, including replication, homologous recombination, DNA repair, transposition and RNA interference. The RNHL superfamily proteins show extensive divergence of sequences and structures. We conducted database searches to identify members of the RNHL superfamily (including those previously unknown), yielding >60 000 unique domain sequences. Our analysis led to the identification of new RNHL superfamily members, such as RRXRR (PF14239), DUF460 (PF04312, COG2433), DUF3010 (PF11215), DUF429 (PF04250 and COG2410, COG4328, COG4923), DUF1092 (PF06485), COG5558, OrfB_IS605 (PF01385, COG0675) and Peptidase_A17 (PF05380). Based on the clustering analysis we grouped all identified RNHL domain sequences into 152 families. Phylogenetic studies revealed relationships between these families, and suggested a possible history of the evolution of RNHL fold and its active site. Our results revealed clear division of the RNHL superfamily into exonucleases and endonucleases. Structural analyses of features characteristic for particular groups revealed a correlation between the orientation of the C-terminal helix with the exonuclease/endonuclease function and the architecture of the active site. Our analysis provides a comprehensive picture of sequence-structure-function relationships in the RNHL superfamily that may guide functional studies of the previously uncharacterized protein families.
Frequency and reasons for outcome reporting bias in clinical trials: interviews with trialists

Objectives To provide information on the frequency and reasons for outcome reporting bias in clinical trials. Design Trial protocols were compared with subsequent publication(s) to identify any discrepancies in the outcomes reported, and telephone interviews were conducted with the respective trialists to investigate more extensively the reporting of the research and the issue of unreported outcomes. Participants Chief investigators, or lead or coauthors of trials, were identified from two sources: trials published since 2002 covered in Cochrane systematic reviews where at least one trial analysed was suspected of being at risk of outcome reporting bias (issue 4, 2006; issue 1, 2007, and issue 2, 2007 of the Cochrane library); and a random sample of trial reports indexed on PubMed between August 2007 and July 2008. Setting Australia, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Main outcome measures Frequency of incomplete outcome reporting—signified by outcomes that were specified in a trial’s protocol but not fully reported in subsequent publications—and trialists’ reasons for incomplete reporting of outcomes. Results 268 trials were identified for inclusion (183 from the cohort of Cochrane systematic reviews and 85 from PubMed). Initially, 161 respective investigators responded to our requests for interview, 130 (81%) of whom agreed to be interviewed. However, failure to achieve subsequent contact, obtain a copy of the study protocol, or both meant that final interviews were conducted with 59 (37%) of the 161 trialists. Sixteen trial investigators failed to report analysed outcomes at the time of the primary publication, 17 trialists collected outcome data that were subsequently not analysed, and five trialists did not measure a prespecified outcome over the course of the trial. In almost all trials in which prespecified outcomes had been analysed but not reported (15/16, 94%), this under-reporting resulted in bias. In nearly a quarter of trials in which prespecified outcomes had been measured but not analysed (4/17, 24%), the “direction” of the main findings influenced the investigators’ decision not to analyse the remaining data collected. In 14 (67%) of the 21 randomly selected PubMed trials, there was at least one unreported efficacy or harm outcome. More than a quarter (6/21, 29%) of these trials were found to have displayed outcome reporting bias. Conclusion The prevalence of incomplete outcome reporting is high. Trialists seemed generally unaware of the implications for the evidence base of not reporting all outcomes and protocol changes. A general lack of consensus regarding the choice of outcomes in particular clinical settings was evident and affects trial design, conduct, analysis, and reporting.
Supporting Search and Rescue Operations with UAVs

Search and rescue operations can greatly benefit from the use of autonomous UAVs to survey the environment and collect evidence about the position of a missing person. To minimize the time to find the victim, some fundamental parameters need to be accounted for in the design of the search algorithms: 1) quality of sensory data collected by the UAVs, 2) UAVs energy limitations, 3) environmental hazards (e.g. winds, trees), 4) level of information exchange/coordination between UAVs. In this paper, we discuss how these parameters can affect the search task and present some of the research avenues we have been exploring. We then study the performance of different search algorithms when the time to find the victim is the optimization criterion.
Haptics in Minimally Invasive Surgical Simulation and Training

inimally invasive surgery has revolutionized many surgical procedures over the last few decades. MIS is performed using a small video camera, a video display, and a few customized surgical tools. In procedures such as gall bladder removal (laparoscopic cholesystectomy), surgeons insert a camera and long slender tools into the abdomen through small skin incisions to explore the internal cavity and manipulate organs from outside the body as they view their actions on a video display. Because the development of minimally invasive techniques has reduced the sense of touch compared to open surgery, surgeons must rely more on the feeling of net forces resulting from tool-tissue interactions and need more training to successfully operate on patients. Although tissue color and texture convey important anatomical information visually, touch is still critical in identifying otherwise obscure tissue planes, blood vessels, and abnormal tissues, and gauging optimal forces to be applied for tissue manipulation. Much of the art of MIS and training for a particular procedure depend on the education and refinement of the trainee's haptic senso-rimotor system. The benefits of using haptic devices in medical training through simulation 1–7 have already been recognized by several research groups and many of the companies working in this area (Immersion Medical, Surgical Science , Mentice, and Reachin Technologies, for example). The rapid increase in the number of papers on haptics and surgical simulation published in international conference proceedings in the last five years indicates hap-tics' growing importance. In spite of this growth, very little research objectively compares interface devices, algorithms, or even surgical training with and without haptics. We therefore describe a framework that includes most of the important aspects of haptics in minimally invasive surgical simulation and training (MISST), with examples drawn primarily from our work at the MIT Touch Lab. Although we refer to many of the important papers by other groups, because of space limitations the literature cited is by no means exhaustive. Over the last seven years, we've explored the role of haptics in MISST in the following areas: I Haptic interfaces—We've integrated commercially available haptic devices into a training system designed to simulate minimally invasive procedures. I Haptic rendering—We've developed computational models of surgical instruments to detect collisions with geometric models of organs to compute and reflect interaction forces to a user and organ-force models that respond to user interactions in real time during simulation sessions. I Haptic recording—We've used haptic …
Improving Transferability Between Different Engineering Stages in the Development of Automated Material Flow Modules

To improve the flexibility and robustness of the engineering of automated production systems (aPS) in the case of extending, reducing, or modifying parts, several approaches propose an encapsulation and clustering of related functions, e.g., from electrical, mechanical, or software engineering, based on a modular architecture. Considering the development of these modules, there are different stages, e.g., module planning or functional engineering, that have to be completed. A reference model that addresses the different stages for the engineering of aPS is proposed by the automation markup language (AML). Due to these different stages and the integration of several engineering disciplines, e.g., mechanical, electrical/electronic, or software engineering, information not limited to one discipline are stored redundantly, increasing the effort to transfer information and the risk of inconsistency. Although data formats for the storage and exchange of plant engineering information exist, e.g., AML, fixed domain specific structures and relations of the information, e.g., for automated material flow systems (aMFSs), are missing. This paper presents the integration of a metamodel into the development of modules for aMFS to improve the transferability and consistency of information between the different engineering stages and the increasing level of detail from coarse-grained plant planning to fine-grained functional engineering.
What Drives India's Outward FDI?

We empirically assess the determinants of India's FDI outflows across a large sample of host countries in the 1996-2009 period. Based on gravity model specifications, we employ Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood (PPML) estimators. Major findings include: India's outward FDI is hardly affected by motives to access raw materials or superior technologies. Market-related factors appear to have dominated the location choices of Indian direct investors. A larger Indian diaspora in the host countries attracts more FDI. Finally, it seems that Indian direct investors are relatively resilient to weak institutions and economic instability in the host countries. However, we do not find robust evidence that India provides an alternative source of FDI for countries that traditional investors tend to avoid.
An iterative frequency-domain decision-feedback receiver for MC-CDMA schemes

The MC-CDMA techniques (multicarrier code division multiple access) combine a CDMA scheme with OFDM modulation (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing), so as to allow high transmission rates over severely time-dispersive channels without the need of a complex receiver implementation. We propose an iterative frequency-domain decision-feedback receiver for MC-CDMA signals. The proposed receiver has excellent performance, close to the single-code MFB (matched filter bound), even for severe time-dispersive scenarios and/or in the presence of strong interfering channels.
Polarity of flagellar assembly in Chlamydomonas

During mating of the alga Chlamydomonas, two biflagellate cells fuse to form a single quadriflagellate cell that contains two nuclei and a common cytoplasm. We have used this cell fusion during mating to transfer unassembled flagellar components from the cytoplasm of one Chlamydomonas cell into that of another in order to study in vivo the polarity of flagellar assembly. In the first series of experiments, sites of tubulin addition onto elongating flagellar axonemes were determined. Donor cells that had two full-length flagella and were expressing an epitope-tagged alpha-tubulin construct were mated (fused) with recipient cells that had two half-length flagella. Outgrowth of the shorter pair of flagella followed, using a common pool of precursors that now included epitope-tagged tubulin, resulting in quadriflagellates with four full-length flagella. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy using an antiepitope antibody showed that both the outer doublet and central pair microtubules of the recipient cells' flagellar axonemes elongate solely by addition of new subunits at their distal ends. In a separate series of experiments, the polarity of assembly of a class of axonemal microtubule-associated structures, the radial spokes, was determined. Wild-type donor cells that had two full-length, motile flagella were mated with paralyzed recipient cells that had two full-length, radial spokeless flagella. Within 90 min after cell fusion, the previously paralyzed flagella became motile. Immunofluorescence microscopy using specific antiradial spoke protein antisera showed that radial spoke proteins appeared first at the tips of spokeless axonemes and gradually assembled toward the bases. Together, these results suggest that both tubulin and radial spoke proteins are transported to the tip of the flagellum before their assembly into flagellar structure.