Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Minimum of Magnetization Reversal Time

A modified Landau‐Lifshitz equation is solved for a single‐domain sphere and an infinitely‐wide thin single‐domain sheet of ferromagnetic material neglecting anisotropy. The external magnetic field is switched from one direction to its opposite instantaneously at the initial time and the behavior of the magnetization vector is investigated thereafter. It is shown that there is a critical value of the damping constant corresponding to the minimum value of the (repetitive) magnetization reversal time. If the damping constant is larger than the critical value, the magnetization vector moves slower; if it is smaller, the magnetization vector moves faster but oscillates so that it takes longer time until it comes to a rest at the final position. The critical values of the Landau‐Lifshitz damping constant λ are γM for the sphere and 0. 013γM for the thin sheet, where γ and M are the gyromagnetic ratio and the magnetization, respectively. The computed minimum switching time for the thin sheet of 4–79 molybdenum P.
Stable propagation algorithm for the minimization of the Bethe free energy

We propose a new propagation algorithm for the minimization of the Bethe free energy for a generic lattice model with pair interactions. The algorithm turns out to be more stable than belief propagation, as it reaches a fixed point also for highly frustrated systems such as spin glasses, and faster than the provably convergent double loop algorithms.
The classification of plane symmetric spacetimes by isometries

A complete classification of plane symmetric Lorentzian manifolds according to their additional isometries and metrics (or classes of metrics) is obtained by solving the Killing equations. We obtain all metrics (or classes of metrics), that admit the group of motions Gr (where r=3,4,5,6,7 and 10) containing SO(2)⨷R2, the minimal symmetry inherited by the plane symmetric manifolds.
Fusing landscape accuracy-dependent SRTM elevation data with NGDC and LiDAR data for the Florida coastline

Extended coverage digital elevation models (DEMs) including topographic and bathymetric area at moderate resolution are needed for regional-scale hazard modelling. Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) provides important intermediate-scale information between coarse resolution data sets of wide area and high-resolution data sets of limited area. Although there are many anthropogenic structures that cause errors in the height of SRTM data, the measurement error is given as a single value for the entire area. The filter residuals in an adaptive multi-scale fusion algorithm were used to evaluate the landscape-dependent accuracy of SRTM elevations over the Florida coastal urban area. With accuracy and employing a stochastic framework to optimally fuse National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) data, SRTM data and high-resolution light detection and ranging data, single seamless fused DEMs at multiple scales were derived for the coastal area and improved DEM quality at 30 m scale for coastal flood prediction was demonstrated.
Generalized source coding theorems and hypothesis testing: Part I — Information measures

Abstract Expressions for ϵ‐entropy rate, ϵ‐mutual information rate and ϵ‐divergence rate are introduced. These quantities, which consist of the quantiles of the asymptotic information spectra, generalize the inf/sup‐entropy/information/divergence rates of Han and Verdu. The algebraic properties of these information measures are rigorously analyzed, and examples illustrating their use in the computation of the e‐capacity are presented. In Part II of this work, these measures are employed to prove general source coding theorems for block codes, and the general formula of the Neyman‐Pearson hypothesis testing type‐II error exponent subject to upper bounds on the type‐I error probability.
On "slant-like" fast orthogonal transforms of arbitrary order

A concept for the construction of fast orthogonal transforms with matrices containing one or more predefined rows is proposed. In particular, two new families of "slant-like" transforms with matrices of arbitrary orders, including a constant row and a slant row of arbitrary slanting angle, are introduced. Transforms from these families may be computed with fast regular algorithms suitable for parallel implementation with a unified VLSI architecture that may be tuned to every representative of the family. An example of a new slant-like transform of order seven is also presented.
Spin filtering through ferrimagnetic NiFe2O4 tunnel barriers

We report experiments of spin-filtering through ultrathin insulating layers of the high Curie temperature ferrimagnetic oxide NiFe2O4 (NFO). The spin-filtering efficiency of electrons tunneling from a gold electrode through NFO is analyzed with a counter-electrode of La2∕3Sr1∕3MnO3 (LSMO). We measure a tunnel magnetoresistance of 40%–50% when the configuration of the magnetizations of the NFO and LSMO goes from parallel to antiparallel. This value corresponds to a spin-filtering efficiency of up to 22% by the NFO barrier. We discuss the sign and temperature dependence of the spin-filter effect and argue that our results show the potential of spinel ferrites for spin-filtering and injection.
A modified loosely coupled approach to INS/GPS integration

Abstract A popular INS/GPS integration strategy is the loosely coupled approach, however its main disadvantage lies in its inability to provide measurement updates during periods of partial GPS availability. In such cases the INS navigation solution drifts over time. This paper proposes the construction of fictitious GPS satellites in order to facilitate GPS receiver position and velocity solutions in cases of partial GPS availability. The paper demonstrates the contribution of the proposed approach via several field experiments, in which the introduction of synthetic GPS measurements reduced the navigation errors obtained by the standalone INS and facilitated the classical implementation of loosely coupled integration.
Investigations of crystal and magnetic properties of nickel ferrite‐aluminates

The crystal and magnetic properties of nickel ferrite-aluminates are investigated with X-ray, neutron diffraction, magnetometric, and Mossbauer effect methods. Variation of the saturation magnetic moment per molecule measured at 78 K with chemical composition is satisfactorily explained on the basis of the collinear spin ordering model and the elaborated and experimentally verified cation distributions model. Es werden die Kristalleigenschaften und die magnetischen Eigenschaften von Aluminium-Nickel-Ferriten mit Hilfe von Rontgenstrahluntersuchungen, Neutronenbeugung, magnetometrischen Methoden und dem Mosbauereffekt untersucht. Die Anderung des magnetischen Sattigungs-momentes eines Molekuls mit der Anderung der chemischen Zusammensetzung, gemessen bei 78 K, wird auf der Grundlage des Modells der kollinearen Anordnung der Spines sowie des erarbeiteten und experimentell uberpruften Modells befriedigend erklart.
A new integrable two-component system with cubic nonlinearity

In this paper, a new integrable two-component system, mt=[m(uxvx−uv+uvx−uxv)]x,nt=[n(uxvx−uv+uvx−uxv)]x, where m=u−uxx and n=v−vxx, is proposed. Our system is a generalized version of the integrable system mt=[m(ux2−u2)]x, which was shown having cusped solution (cuspon) and W/M-shape soliton solutions by Qiao [J. Math. Phys. 47, 112701 (2006). The new system is proven integrable not only in the sense of Lax-pair but also in the sense of geometry, namely, it describes pseudospherical surfaces. Accordingly, infinitely many conservation laws are derived through recursion relations. Furthermore, exact solutions such as cuspons and W/M-shape solitons are also obtained.
Interpolation par splines locales pour une implémentation parallèle de l ’ équation de Vlasov-Poisson

This work is devoted to the numerical simulation of the Vlasov equation using a phase space grid. In contrast with Particle In Cell (PIC) methods which are known to be noisy, we propose a semi-Lagrangian type method to discretize the Vlasov equation in the two dimensional phase space. As this kind of method requires a huge computational effort, one has to carry out the simulations on parallel machines. To this purpose, we present a method using patches decomposing the phase domain, each patch being devoted to a processor. Some Hermite boundary conditions allow to reconstruct a good approximation of the global solution. Several numerical results show the accuracy and the good scalability of the method with up to 64 processors. Key-words: Vlasov equation, semi-Lagrangian method, numerical methods, parallelism ∗ INRIA-Lorraine, Projet CALVI † Shared foot note ‡ LSIIT-Strasbourg et INRIA-Lorraine, Projet CALVI § IRMA-Strasbourg et INRIA-Lorraine, Projet CALVI Interpolation par splines locales pour une implémentation parallèle de l’équation de Vlasov-Poisson Résumé : Ce travail concerne la résolution numérique de l’équation de Vlasov en utilisant une grille de l’espace des phases. Contrairement aux méthodes Particle In Cell (PIC) qui sont connues pour être bruitée, nous proposons une méthode basée sur la méthode semi-Lagrangienne pour discrétiser l’équation de Vlasov en deux dimensions de l’espace des phases. Ce type de méthode étant très coûteuse numériquement, on propose d’effectuer les simulations sur des machines parallèles. Pour cela, on présente une méthode de décomposition de domaine, chaque sous-domaine étant dédié à un processeur. Des conditions de type Hermite aux bords permettent alors d’obtenir une bonne approximation de la solution globale. Plusieurs résultats numériques montrent la précision et la bonne scalabilité de la méthode jusqu’à 64 processeurs. Mots-clés : Vlasov equation, semi-Lagrangian method, numerical methods, parallelism Hermite Spline Interpolation on Patches 3
A coupled radiative transfer and diffusion approximation model for the solution of the forward problem and the a-priori fluorophore distribution estimation in fluorescence imaging

Although fluorescence imaging has been applied in tumour diagnosis from the early 90s, just the last few years it has met an increasing scientific interest due to the advances in the biophotonics field and the combined technological progress of the acquisition and computational systems. In addition there are expectations that fluorescence imaging will be further developed and applied in deep tumour diagnosis in the years to come. However, this evolving field of imaging sciences has still to encounter important challenges. Among them is the expression of an accurate forward model for the solution of the reconstruction problem. The scope of this work is to introduce a three dimensional coupled radiative transfer and diffusion approximation model, applicable on the fluorescence imaging. Furthermore, the solver incorporates the super-ellipsoid models and sophisticated image processing algorithms to additionally provide a-priori estimation about the fluorophores distribution, information that is very important for the solution of the inverse problem. Simulation experiments have proven that the proposed methodology preserves the accuracy levels of the radiative transfer equation and the time efficacy of the diffusion approximation, while in the same time shows extended success on the registration between acquired and simulated images.
Plasmas with a single sign of charge (an overview)

This paper presents a brief overview of recent theory and experiment for plasmas with a single sign of charge. In principle these plasmas can be confined forever in a state of thermal equilibrium that is guaranteed to be stable and quiescent. In practice confinement times of hours are routinely obtained. The plasmas can be cooled to the cryogenic temperature range where liquid and crystal-like states are predicted and observed. The plasmas provide experimental access to the parameter regime of strong magnetization where a many particle adiabatic invariant constrains the collisional dynamics. Also, the plasmas can be used to model the 2D vortex dynamics and turbulence of an ideal (incompressible and inviscid) fluid
Tunable transmission and defect mode in one-dimensional ternary left-handed photonic crystal

We study the transmission of a one-dimensional ternary left-handed photonic crystal which is consisting of three alternating slabs in the form of {ABC}, where A and C represent two kinds of positive- refractive-index materials, and B represents the negative-refractive-index material. Firstly, we obtain the dispersion equation based on the boundary conditions and Bloch theorem. By construing the obtained dispersion relation theoretically we demonstrated that a zero averaged refractive index (ZARI) gap which is around the frequency where the average refractive index vanishes appears. Secondly, we investigate the dependence of the transmission on the thickness of slabs by changing the thickness of slab A, B and C respectively. We find that the transmission of such a structure can be made tunable. This novel property may be very useful in designing tunable filters because the position of band gaps in such a structure can be chosen expediently. Furthermore, we study the property of defect mode of such a structure, and find that the defect mode doesn't always appear simultaneously in both Bragg and ZARI gaps of the transmission spectrum. It can be selected to appear either in the Bragg gap or in the ZARI gap.
Exploring cytoplasmic dynamics in zebrafish yolk cells by single particle tracking of fluorescent nanodiamonds

Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) have recently developed into an exciting new tool for bioimaging applications. The material possesses several unique features including high biocompatibility, easy bioconjugation, and perfect photostability, making it a promising optical nanoprobe in vitro as well as in vivo. This work explores the potential application of this novel nanomaterial as a photostable, nontoxic tracer in vivo using zebrafish as a model organism. We introduced FNDs into the yolk of a zebrafish embryo by microinjection at the 1-cell stage. Movements of the injected particles were investigated by using single particle tracking techniques. We observed unidirectional and stop-and-go traffic as part of the intricate cytoplasmic movements in the yolk cell. We determined a velocity in the range of 0.19 - 0.40 μm/s for 40 particles moving along with the axial streaming in the early developmental stage (1 to 2 hours post fertilization) of the zebrafish embryos.
Testing for Necessary and/or Sufficient Causation: Which Cases Are Relevant?

Previous researchers have argued that necessary and/or sufficient causes should be tested through research designs that consider only cases with limited combinations of scores on the independent and the dependent variables. I explore the utility for causal inference of the design proposed by these authors, as compared to an “All Cases Design. ” I find that, if researchers define the population carefully and appropriately, each case in the population contributes to causal inference and is therefore useful. Previous authors reject this claim on the basis of a view that holds constant the marginal distribution of either the dependent or the independent variable across the working and the alternate hypotheses. I argue that this restriction is not generally appropriate, and hence, an analysis that samples from the entire population is logically defensible. I also argue that this design is more statistically efficient. A reanalysis of two well-known studies demonstrates that sampling from all cases in the relevant population produces greater confidence in the hypothesis than sampling only from cases that experience the outcome.
A practical solution to the multivariate Behrens-Fisher problem

SUMMARY A practical solution to the multivariate Behrens-Fisher problem is proposed. The new procedure is constructed using the geometry of confidence ellipsoids for the two mean vectors and the condition under which two ellipsoids have no points in common. The new procedure is another extension of the Welch approximate degrees-of-freedom solution as is Yao's (1965) procedure. The new procedure is compared with Yao's procedure in terms of the level of significance and power using Monte Carlo simulation.
Chemistry is right for T-ray imaging

What do you get if you combine very high frequency microwaves, real-time imaging, submillimeter spatial resolution, and chemical sensitivity? The answer is Terahertz, or "T"-ray, imaging. This novel imaging technology operates in the submillimeterwave region of the electro-magnetic spectrum, a portion of the spectrum that was previously hard to access using conventional technologies. But recent advances in high-speed optoelectronic and femtosecond laser technology facilitate generation and detection of short bursts of terahertz radiation, which have proven to be extremely useful for spectroscopic measurements in the submillimeter-wave range. T-ray imaging combines these spectroscopic measurements with real-time imaging and advanced signal processing and recognition, so that each pixel element of the image contains spectroscopic information about the object. In many cases, the spectroscopic information gives us significant clues about the chemical composition of the object of interest.
Nuclear magnetic and quadrupole moments for nuclear structure research on exotic nuclei

Some errors were found in this review after it was published. Page 642, line 1: gSchmidt(πd3/2)=0.083 Page 642, paragraph 2.1. 3, line 7 and line 12: gSchmidt = -1.913 should read μSchmidt = -1.913 Page 663, expression (4.7) should read: Figure 13 was incorrectly labelled. The correct figure is given below. Figure 13. (a) Zeeman splitting of the nuclear m-quantum levels due to interaction of the nuclear dipole moment (μ = gIμN) with a static magnetic field B. In a classical picture this can be seen as a precession of the spin I around B with a Larmor frequency νL. (b) Non-equidistant quadrupole splitting of the nuclear m-quantum levels due to interaction of the nuclear spectroscopic quadrupole moment Qs with an EFG Vzz. Page 673, expression (5.8) should read:
Multiserver Markovian Queueing System with Vacation

An M|M|s queueing model with repeated vacation is studied under the following condition. The system should have at least r servers always available (busy or idle) for service and only the remaining (s — r) servers are allowed to go for vacation, when they are free. The distribution of the number of busy servers and the mean number of units in the system are derived. The steady state system probabilities and the waiting time distribution of an arriving customer are obtained for a particular case
The Tycho-2 Catalogue: a reference for astrometry and photometry. Combining the most modern and the oldest astrometric data - Commentary on: Høg E., Fabricius C., Makarov V. V., et al., 2000, A&A, 355, L27

The main Hipparcos mission, the first astrometric satellite ever launched, was included in the ESA Science Programme in March 1980. It was aiming at the fundamental task of measuring the angular positions and displacements of about 100 000 pre-selected stars to obtain a large set of distances and proper motions that are more accurate and homogenous than ever before and that drastically improve our knowledge of the structure, kinematics, and dynamics of the local part of our Galaxy and of the various types of stars present there (see for example Turon & Arenou 2008). The resulting catalog was published in 1997 (Perryman et al. 1997), and it indeed opened the way to a wide variety of astrophysical applications (Perryman 2009).
Fast murine airway segmentation and reconstruction in micro-CT images

Mouse models are becoming instrumental for the study of lung disease. Due to its resolution and low cost, high resolution Computed Tomography (micro-CT) is a very adequate technology to visualize the mouse lungs in-vivo. Automatic segmentation and measurement of airways in micro-CT images of the lungs can be useful as a preliminary step prior other image analysis quantification tasks, as well as for the study of pathologies that alter the airways structure. In this paper, we present an efficient segmentation and reconstruction algorithm which simultaneously segments and reconstructs the bronchial tree, while providing the length and mean radius of each airway segment. A locally adaptive intensity threshold is used to account for the low signal to noise ratio and strong artifacts present in micro-CT images. We validate our method by comparing it with manual segmentations of 10 different scans, obtaining an average true positive volume fraction of 85.52% with a false positive volume fraction of 5.04%.
Front end of the SPIRou spectropolarimeter for Canada-France Hawaii Telescope

SPIRou is a near-IR (0.98-2.35μm), echelle spectropolarimeter / high precision velocimeter being designed as a nextgeneration instrument for the 3.6m Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii, with the main goal of detecting Earth-like planets around low-mass stars and magnetic fields of forming stars. The unique scientific and technical capabilities of SPIRou are described in a series of seven companion papers. In this paper, the Front End of the instrument is presented. Positioned at the Cassegrain Focal plane of the telescope, the front end is constituted of an atmospheric dispersion corrector, a field viewer with an image stabilization unit (0.03 arc seconds RMS stabilization goal), a calibration wheel and an achromatic polarimeter unit based on Fresnel Rhombs. The polarimeter permits the circular and linear polarization analysis. The retardance of the Fresnel rhombs is nominal to better than 0.5% in the whole spectral domain. The evaluation and the reduction of the thermal background of the Front end is a challenging part of the instrument.
Tutorial on Fourier Transformations and Wavelet Transformations in Cliord Geometric Algebra

First, the basic concept multivector functions and their vector derivative in geometric algebra (GA) is introduced. Second, beginning with the Fourier transform on a scalar function we generalize to a real Fourier transform on GA multivector-valued functions (f : R 3 ! Cl3,0). Third, we show a set of important properties of the Cliord Fourier transform (CFT) on Cl3,0 such as dierentiation properties, and the Plancherel theorem. We round o the treatment of the CFT (at the end of this tutorial) by applying the Cliord Fourier transform properties for proving an uncertainty principle for Cl3,0 multivector functions. For wavelets in GA it is shown how continuous Cliord Cl3,0valued admissible wavelets can be constructed using the similitude group SIM(3), a subgroup of the ane group of R 3 . We express the
Induced currents and forces for the split-guideway electrodynamic levitation system

A three-dimensional integral equation formulation of the electrodynamic interaction of an array of superconductive magnets moving over a pair of conducting guideway strips is reviewed. The induced current distribution in the split-guideway conductors and the lift, drag, and lateral forces are presented, and the effects of vehicle speed, lateral displacement, and gap between the guideway strips on levitation characteristics are discussed. >
Red photoluminescence in praseodymium-doped titanate perovskite films epitaxially grown by pulsed laser deposition

Intense red photoluminescence (PL) under ultraviolet (UV) excitation was observed in epitaxially grown Pr-doped Ca0.6Sr0. 4TiO3 perovskite films. The films were grown on SrTiO3 (100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition, and their epitaxial growth was confirmed by x-ray diffraction and reflected high-energy electron diffraction. The observed sharp PL peak centered at 610nm was assigned to the transition of Pr3+ ions from the D21 state to the H43 state. The PL intensity was markedly enhanced by postannealing treatments at 1000°C, above the film-growth temperature of 600 or 800°C. Because the excitation and absorption spectra are similar to each other, it was suggested that the UV energy absorbed by the host lattice was transferred to the Pr ions, resulting in the red luminescence.