Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Error Prediction of Douglas-Rachford Algorithm for Linear Inverse Problems: Asymptotics of Proximity Operator for Squared Loss

—Proximal splitting-based convex optimization is a promising approach to linear inverse problems because we can use some prior knowledge of the unknown variables explicitly. An understanding of the behavior of the optimization algorithms would be important for the tuning of the parameters and the development of new algorithms. In this paper, we ﬁrst analyze the asymptotic property of the proximity operator for the squared loss function, which appears in the update equations of some proximal splitting methods for linear inverse problems. The analysis shows that the output of the proximity operator can be characterized with a scalar random variable in the large system limit. Moreover, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of the Douglas-Rachford algorithm, which is one of the famous proximal splitting methods. From the resultant conjecture, we can predict the evolution of the mean squared error (MSE) in the algorithm for large-scale linear inverse problems. Simulation results demonstrate that the MSE performance of the Douglas- Rachford algorithm can be well predicted by the analytical result in compressed sensing with the (cid:96) 1 optimization.
Measurement of $e^{+}e^{-}\to\phi\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ cross sections at center-of-mass energies from 2.00 to 3.08 GeV

Using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $651~\mathrm{pb}^{-1}$ accumulated at 22 center-of-mass energies from 2.00 to 3.08 GeV by the BESIII experiment, the process $e^{+}e^{-}\to\phi\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ is studied. The cross sections for $e^{+}e^{-}\to\phi\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ are consistent with previous results, but with improved precision. To measure the mass and width of the structure observed in the cross section line shape, a combine fit is performed after enhancing the contribution from $\phi f_{0}(980)$. The fit reveals a structure with the mass of $M=2178\pm20\pm5~{\rm MeV}/c^2$ and the width of $\varGamma=140\pm36\pm16~{\rm MeV}$, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second ones are systematic.
High gain ytterbium doped Ge pedestal large pitch fiber

Large mode area rod-type fibers have enabled amplification of ultra-short pulses to mJ pulse energy and MW peak powers. For very large mode field areas, fibers have to be designed as rigid rods with typical fiber lengths of around 1 m for efficient operation. A shorter fiber length can be desirable to reduce the packaging size of commercial systems and to decrease the impact of parasitic nonlinear effects for peakpower scaling. The fiber design presented here is based on a modified large-pitch fiber with an effectively higher ytterbium concentration in the fiber core. To achieve index matching the cladding index needs to be changed. In this contribution we propose to co-dope the passive host material with germanium to match both indices and to obtain a higher Yb-concentration within the active core. Compared to standard LPF, where the core index is reduced by co-doping the core with Flourine, the ytterbium doping concentration of this novel germanium-pedestal LPF is doubled. A detailed numerical and experimental investigation shows that with short fiber lengths <40cm is feasible to achieve output powers beyond 100W with 10W seed. Significantly higher gains, of nearly 30 dB, can be achieved for fiber lengths in the order of 60cm. A similar gain can be expected in a conventional LPF with 1.20 m length. In conclusion, we demonstrate a fiber design for significantly enhanced energy storage per fiber length and improved pump absorption. This concept will notably reduce the footprint of ultra-short fiber laser systems.
High resolution visualization of acoustic wave fields within surface acoustic wave devices

We present the submicron visualization of surface acoustic wave (SAW) fields within interdigital transducers (IDTs) obtained by a scanning acoustic force microscope. Utilizing the nonlinear force curve of the tip-to-surface interaction, a periodic deflection of the cantilever appears when the SAWs are excited intermittently. This deflection depends on the amplitude of the surface oscillation and was measured by lock-in technique. SAWs with operating frequencies above 600 MHz were detected. The influence of the mass loading on the local oscillation amplitude was studied for various layer thicknesses of the IDT electrodes.
FREEFORM ORIGAMI TESSELLATIONS BY GENERALIZING RESCH'S PATTERNS

In this research, we study a method to produce families of origami tessellations from given polyhedral surfaces. The resulting tessellated surfaces generalize the patterns proposed by Ron Resch and allow the construction of an origami tessellation that approximates a given surface. We will achieve these patterns by first constructing an initial configuration of the tessellated surfaces by separating each facets and inserting folded parts between them based on the local configuration. The initial configuration is then modified by solving the vertex coordinates to satisfy geometric constraints of developability, folding angle limitation, and local non-intersection. We propose a novel robust method for avoiding intersections between facets sharing vertices. Such generated polyhedral surfaces are not only applied to folding paper but also sheets of metal that does not allow 180° folding.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Collective Excitation of Unlike Pair States in Heavier Nuclei

basis of the j-j coupling shell model. It is shown that the even parity states as the coherent mixture of many unperturbed (n-p) states are pushed up by the (n-p) repulsive interactions with T=l. The isobaric state T_l'f£0) can ,be interpreted as a coherent state with Jrr=O+. The coherent states with non-zero spin arise in the high excited energy region but not higher than that of the isobaric state. They may be strongly excited by the (p, n) reaction. The actual numerical calculations assuming zero-range forces are carried out for the J,. = 1 + states of the nucleus Bi208 which can be produced by the (p, n) reaction using the target nucleus Pb208. The transition strength due to the operator Y_=2}ri-ai concentrates i
Radiometric determination of dilute inhomogeneous solids loading in pneumatic conveying systems

The application of gamma -ray attenuation methods to non-intrusive measurement of the solids content in pneumatic flow lines is discussed. An instrument employing a broad single-beam interrogation geometry and a single-element detector with uniform sensitivity profile is described. It is designed primarily for metering pulverized coal, where the solids concentration is typically very low, and also often highly inhomogeneous. A detailed analysis of the factors affecting measurement accuracy is presented, together with results obtained from laboratory tests.
Comparative Effectiveness of Team-Based Care With and Without a Clinical Decision Support System for Diabetes Management

BACKGROUND Uncontrolled hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension are common in persons with diabetes. OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of team-based care with and without a clinical decision support system (CDSS) in controlling glycemia, lipids, and blood pressure (BP) among patients with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN Cluster randomized trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02835287). SETTING 38 community health centers in Xiamen, China. PATIENTS 11 132 persons aged 50 years or older with uncontrolled diabetes and comorbid conditions, 5475 receiving team-based care with a CDSS and 5657 receiving team-based care alone. INTERVENTION Team-based care was delivered by primary care physicians, health coaches, and diabetes specialists in all centers. In addition, a computerized CDSS, which generated individualized treatment recommendations based on clinical guidelines, was implemented in 19 centers delivering team-based care with a CDSS. MEASUREMENTS Coprimary outcomes were mean reductions in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level, and systolic BP over 18 months and the proportion of participants with all 3 risk factors controlled at 18 months. RESULTS During the 18-month intervention, HbA1c levels, LDL-C levels, and systolic BP significantly decreased by -0.9 percentage point (95% CI, -0.9 to -0.8 percentage point), -0.49 mmol/L (CI, -0.53 to -0.45 mmol/L) (-19.0 mg/dL [CI, -20.4 to -17.5 mg/dL]), and -9.1 mm Hg (CI, -9.9 to -8.3 mm Hg), respectively, in team-based care with a CDSS and by -0.6 percentage point (CI, -0.7 to -0.5 percentage point), -0.32 mmol/L (CI, -0.35 to -0.29 mmol/L) (-12.5 mg/dL [CI, -13.6 to -11.3 mg/dL]), and -7.5 mm Hg (CI, -8.4 to -6.6 mm Hg), respectively, in team-based care alone. Net differences were -0.2 percentage point (CI, -0.3 to -0.1 percentage point) for HbA1c level, -0.17 mmol/L (CI, -0.21 to -0.12 mmol/L) (-6.5 mg/dL [CI, -8.3 to -4.6 mg/dL]) for LDL-C level, and -1.5 mm Hg (CI, -2.8 to -0.3 mm Hg) for systolic BP. The proportion of patients with controlled HbA1c, LDL-C, and systolic BP was 16.9% (CI, 15.7% to 18.2%) in team-based care with a CDSS and 13.0% (CI, 11.7% to 14.3%) in team-based care alone. LIMITATION There was no usual care control, and clinical outcome assessors were unblinded; the analysis did not account for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSION Compared with team-based care alone, team-based care with a CDSS significantly reduced cardiovascular risk factors in patients with diabetes, but the effect was modest. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Xiamen Municipal Health Commission.
Women Beedi Workers of Cooch Behar, West Bengal: Accessibility of Welfare Programmes

The labour market in India is largely unorganised in character, employing 93 per cent of the country’s labour force. India is a country where female work participation rate is very low, yet some specific sectors like beedi manufacturing have an overwhelming female work participation. Today, beedi manufacturing is a traditional and largely home-based industry in India in which 98 per cent of beedi workers are females. This article attempts to capture the accessibility of labour welfare programmes by female beedi workers in the Cooch Behar district of West Bengal. As a welfare state, the Government of India, along with the state government of West Bengal, has enacted several welfare schemes to protect the basic social needs of these women workers. But their backwardness, illiteracy combined with poverty, and a lack of administrative transparency appear to be major constraints in female beedi workers having any access to welfare programmes.
A Holocene Record of Vegetation Change and Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreaks at Lake of the Woods, Montana, USA

Abstract. Recent mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreaks have been characterized as unprecedented largely in the absence of information about their occurrence prior to historical documentation. The ability to reconstruct presettlement outbreaks from sediment cores requires the identification and validation of appropriate proxies. In this paper, we provide a Holocene record of vegetation change indicating putative mountain pine beetle outbreaks in a lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)/mixed-conifer forest at Lake of the Woods, Montana. Using a normalized difference pollen index, we positively identified postsettlement mountain pine beetle outbreaks, which served as calibration points for identifying other outbreaks through the Holocene. The Lake of the Woods record indicates that vegetation change was being driven primarily by precipitation and that the multiple reconstructed contemporary and presettlement mountain pine beetle outbreaks occurred during periods when the forest composition was dominated primarily by Pinus spp. The occurrence of one of these outbreaks at ∼8200 cal yr BP is coincident with 2 other records from the Northern Rockies, suggesting a large regional outbreak at this time. Resumen. Los recientes brotes de escarabajos del pino de montaña (Dendroctonus ponderosae) se han caracterizado por no tener precedentes, en gran medida por la ausencia de información sobre su aparición antes de la documentación histórica. La capacidad de reconstruir brotes previos a los asentamientos, a partir de núcleos de sedimentos requiere la identificación y validación de indicadores apropiados. En este trabajo, proporcionamos un registro del cambio de la vegetación durante el Holoceno que indica posibles brotes del escarabajo del pino de montaña en un bosque de pino lodgepole (Pinus contorta) y de coníferas mixtas en Lake of the Woods, Montana. Utilizando un índice de diferencia de polen normalizado, identificamos positivamente brotes de escarabajos del pino de montaña posteriores al asentamiento, que sirvieron como puntos de calibración para identificar otros brotes a lo largo del Holoceno. El registro obtenido de Lake of the Woods indica que el cambio de la vegetación fue promovido principalmente por las precipitaciones y que los múltiples brotes de escarabajos del pino de montaña reconstruidos, contemporáneos y anteriores al asentamiento, se produjeron durante períodos en los que la composición del bosque estaba dominada principalmente por Pinus spp. La aparición de uno de estos brotes en ∼8200 cal yr BP es consistente con otros dos registros en las Rocosas del Norte, lo que sugiere un gran brote regional durante esta época.
The Hubble Space Telescope Quasar Absorption Line Key Project. II. Data Calibration and Absorption-Line Selection

We present the observational and data processing aspects of the Hubble Space Telescope Quasar Absorption Line Key Project. Topics discussed include the observational technique, calibration of the data, software that simulates the data, the automated procedure used to identify and characterize the absorption features, and the determination of the sensitivity limits of the survey.
Replacing energy simulations with surrogate models for design space exploration

Sustainable design requires holistic decision making already in the feasibility stage. One critical aspect of a buildingś sustainability is its operational energy consumption, but energy simulations typically are too time‐consuming for early, fast‐paced design phases. Data‐based, Machine Learning models – so called surrogates – can replace time‐consuming simulations with real‐time estimates. This paper investigates the accuracy of different surrogate models for energy performance by comparing different types of models and numbers of samples. The paper also presents an integrated dashboard for holistic decision making as an application of the developed surrogate.
Near-field microscopy using localized molecular second harmonic generation at a metallic tip

The possibility to use the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) for the realization of a highly localized molecular light source is discussed. Since it is not limited by photodegradation or quenching effects, Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) appears as a valuable alternative to luminescence. In the case of dipolar approximation however, the existence of a noncentrosymmetry is mandatory to get a non-vanishing signal. We show that the static electric field present inside a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) junction can be used towards creating a very local noncentrosymmetry via molecular orientation under the tip. An experimental set-up was specifically designed consisting in the integration of a STM head to an inverted optical microscope, coupled to a femtosecond Ti-Saph laser excitation. The operation of this system has enabled to get the first images with a SHG contrast of a sample structured at the micron scale. The objective is now to improve resolution. To this respect, electromagnetic field engineering appears as a key point. One way consists in exploiting optical nano-antenna effects. In a first approach, the possibility to benefit from local electromagnetic field enhancement effects occurring in the presence of metallic nano-wires was studied. Extrapolation of these results shows that imaging with about 50 nm resolution should be within reach, which opens new perspectives in the field of optical local probe microscopy.
The kinematics of 3D arm movements in sub-acute stroke: impaired inter-joint coordination caused by both weakness and flexor synergy intrusion

It has long been of interest to characterize the components that generate the motor control abnormalities in the arm after stroke. One approach has been to decompose the hemiparesis phenotype into negative signs, such as weakness, and positive signs, such as intrusion of synergies. Here, we sought to identify the contributions of weakness and the flexor synergy to motor function and impairment, as defined by kinematic and clinical scales, respectively, in sub-acute stroke using two 3D arm tasks that differed in their requirement for elbow extension. Thirty-three sub-acute post-stroke participants and sixteen healthy controls performed a cup-to-mouth task, requiring shoulder and elbow flexion (within flexor synergy), and a reaching task, requiring shoulder flexion and elbow extension (out of flexor synergy). Using markerless 3D pose-estimation, we analyzed upper limb kinematics to assess overall task performance and intrusion of pathological synergies. Weakness was measured using a grip dynamometer. Performance in both tasks was impaired to a similar degree in the stroke participants compared to controls. Subsequent analysis of coordination patterns between the elbow and the shoulder joints revealed intrusion of synergies in the reaching task based on the time spent within a flexion-flexion pattern (flexor synergy proportion) and the correlation between shoulder and elbow angles when the shoulder was flexing (flexion synergy strength). Regression analysis indicated that the significant predictors of poor task performance were weakness and flexor synergy intrusion. Notably, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment was abnormal even when just weakness caused the impairment, which means that caution is required when using this scale to quantify synergies. We conclude that both weakness and synergy intrusion contribute to impaired coordination of the elbow and shoulder joints in the sub-acute post-stroke period. This study shows that careful kinematic analysis of naturalistic movements is required to better characterize the components of upper limb impairment after stroke.
Effects of Low-Level Persistent Infection on Maintenance of Immunity by CD4 T Cell Subsets and Th1 Cytokines

CD4 T cells are required, along with antibodies, for complete protection from blood-stage infection with Plasmodium spp. , which cause malaria. Without continuous exposure, as on emigration of people from endemic areas, protection from malaria decays. ABSTRACT CD4 T cells are required, along with antibodies, for complete protection from blood-stage infection with Plasmodium spp. , which cause malaria. Without continuous exposure, as on emigration of people from endemic areas, protection from malaria decays. As in other persistent infections, low-level Plasmodium chabaudi infection protects the host from reinfection at 2 months postinfection, a phenomenon termed premunition. Premunition is correlated with T cell responses, rather than antibody levels. We previously showed that while both effector T cells (Teff) and memory T cells (Tmem) are present after infection, Teff protect better than Tmem. Here, we studied T cell kinetics post-infection by labeling dividing Ifng+ T cells with 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) in infected Ifng reporter mice. Large drops in specific T cell numbers and Ifng+ cells upon clearance of parasites suggest a mechanism for decay of protection. Although protection decays, CD4 Tmem persist, including a highly differentiated CD27− effector memory (Tem) subset that maintains some Ifng expression. In addition, pretreatment of chronically infected animals with neutralizing antibody to interferon gamma (IFN-γ) or with clodronate liposomes before reinfection decreases premunition, supporting a role for Th1-type immunity to reinfection. A pulse-chase experiment comparing chronically infected to treated animals showed that recently divided Ifng+ T cells, particularly IFN-γ+ TNF+ IL-2− T cells, are promoted by persistent infection. These data suggest that low-level persistent infection reduces CD4+ Tmem and multifunctional Teff survival, but promotes IFN-γ+ TNF+ IL-2− T cells and Ifng+ terminally differentiated effector T cells, and prolongs immunity.
Visual homogeneity computations in the brain enable solving generic visual tasks

Many visual tasks involve looking for specific object features. But we also often solve generic tasks where we look for a specific property, such as finding an odd item, deciding if two items are same, or if an object has symmetry. How do we solve such tasks? Building on simple neural rules, we show that displays with repeating elements can be distinguished from heterogeneous displays using a property we denote visual homogeneity. In behavior, visual homogeneity predicted response times on visual search and symmetry tasks. Brain imaging during these tasks revealed that visual homogeneity in both tasks is highly localized to a region in the object-selective cortex. Thus, a novel image property, visual homogeneity, is encoded in a localized brain region, to solve generic visual tasks.
Integrated proteomics reveals the landscape of autophagy degradation in human neurons and autophagy receptors regulating neuronal activity

Autophagy is a catabolic and self-degradative process crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Malfunctional autophagy is implicated in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the exact role and targets of autophagy in human neurons remain elusive. Here we reported a systematic investigation of neuronal autophagy targets through integrated proteomics. Deep proteomic profiling of multiple autophagy-deficient lines of human induced neurons, mouse brains, and LC3-interactome uncovers a role of neuronal autophagy in targeting primarily endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, endosome, Golgi apparatus, synaptic vesicle (SV) proteins, and cAMP-PKA pathway, for degradation. Tubular ER and specific SV proteins are significant autophagy cargos in the axons. Functional validation identified calumenin as an ER resident autophagy receptor and illuminated a role of autophagy in regulating PKA and neuronal activity through AKAP11-mediated degradation. Our study thus reveals the landscape of autophagy degradation in human neurons and offers molecular insight into mechanisms of neurological disorders linked to autophagy deficiency. Highlight Integrated proteomics reveals the landscape of autophagy degradation in human neurons Autophagy clears tubular ER and selective ER and synaptic vesicle proteins in neurons Calumenin is an ER resident autophagy receptor Autophagy controls PKA pathway and neuronal activity through autophagy receptor AKAP11
Identification of microbial exopolymer producers in sandy and muddy intertidal sediments by compound-specific isotope analysis

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) refer to a wide variety of high molecular weight molecules secreted outside the cell membrane by biofilm microorganisms. In the present study, EPS from marine microphytobenthic biofilms were extracted and their isotope ratios were analysed. A comparison of these ratios with the carbon isotope ratios of fatty acid biomarkers allowed the identification of the main EPS producers of two contrasting types of intertidal marine sediments. Our study reveals that EPS sources are more diverse in sandy sediments than in muddy sediments. We also found distinct patterns in the production and breakdown of EPS in sandy and muddy environments. The main difference observed was in how epipelic and epipsammic diatoms affected the chemistry of EPS, which had significant implications for the growth of bacteria specialized in utilizing EPS. These differences were likely linked to variations in the functioning of epipelic and epipsammic communities, specifically in how EPS was used either for motility or for cell attachment.