Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical Procedure for the Laminar Developed Flow in a Helical Square Duct

The incompressible fully developed laminar flow in a helically duct of square cross section is studied expressing the governing equations in terms of an orthogonal coordinate system. Numerical results are obtained with the described continuity, vorticity, and pressure (CVP) numerical method using a colocation grid for all variables. Since there are not approximations, the interaction effects of curvature, torsion and axial pressure gradient on the velocity components and the friction factor are presented
DISCRETE TIME MODEL OF ACOUSTIC WAVES TRANSMITTED THROUGH LAYERS

Abstract This paper describes a rapid solution of transmitted acoustic waves through a multiplicity of layers. The layers are considered lossless and have parallel interfaces, which are at normal incidence to the field. The force transfer across the layers is evaluated in discrete form using the z -transform technique. The discrete time response is developed and this is applied in the manner of a digital filter to a variety of excitation functions. The method has the advantage that the response to any real input can be evaluated.
Aerosol-into-liquid capture and detection of atmospheric soluble metals across the gas–liquid interface using Janus-membrane electrodes

Significance Atmospheric soluble metals are strongly associated with adverse health effects, which require time-consuming efforts and great expense to complete sampling and detection steps due to their low concentrations and technology limitations. Here, we propose a concept of aerosol-into-liquid capture and detection that bridges free-flowing gas and static liquid phases to realize one-step capture and detection via the gas/liquid interface, unlike conventional strategies of sampling and detection units in sequence. The system presents effective capture of airborne ultrafine particles and detection of soluble metals at the nanogram level in a direct and cost-effective way, which is demonstrated by real-world samples and might be potentially applied in air quality monitoring, especially for abrupt air pollution events (e.g., wildfires and fireworks).
The Relevance of Attention Control, Not Working Memory, in Human Factors.

OBJECTIVE Discuss the human factors relevance of attention control (AC), a domain-general ability to regulate information processing functions in the service of goal-directed behavior. BACKGROUND Working memory (WM) measures appear as predictors in various applied psychology studies. However, measures of WM reflect a mixture of memory storage and controlled attention making it difficult to interpret the meaning of significant WM-task relations for human factors. In light of new research, complex task performance may be better predicted or explained with new measures of attention control rather than WM. METHOD We briefly review the topic of individual differences in abilities in Human Factors. Next, we focus on WM, how it is measured, and what can be inferred from significant WM-task relations. RESULTS The theoretical underpinnings of attention control as a high-level factor that affects complex thought and behavior make it useful in human factors, which often study performance in complex and dynamic task environments. To facilitate research on attention control in applied settings, we discuss a validated measure of attention control that predicts more variance in complex task performance than WM. In contrast to existing measures of WM or AC, our measures of attention control only require 3 minutes each (10 minutes total) and may be less culture-bound making them suitable for use in applied settings. CONCLUSION Explaining or predicting task performance relations with attention control rather than WM may have dramatically different implications for designing more specific, equitable task interfaces, or training. APPLICATION A highly efficient ability predictor can help researchers and practitioners better understand task requirements for human factors interventions or performance prediction.
The Hazel Stem Borer, Agrilus pseudocoryli (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), as a Pest of Hybrid Hazelnuts

Abstract Nuts from hybrid hazels (Corylus americana Walter × Corylus avellana L.) are a burgeoning, novel industry for the Great Lakes region of the United States. As such, scant information exists about the pest complex, although stem-boring beetles in the genus Agrilus Curtis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) have been noted by growers as potential pests. Here, we report results of a comprehensive survey of 186 plants in a hybrid hazel planting consisting of nine cultivars in southeastern Minnesota affected by stem borers. Sixteen percent of the hybrid hazel plants exhibited between 25 and 100% buprestid associated dieback. Morphological and molecular identification of the adult and larval buprestids colonizing hybrid hazel plants revealed that the hazel stem borer, Agrilus pseudocoryli Fisher, was the only species present. Adult A. pseudocoryli were observed on plants between 8 June and 13 July 2021. Plants with higher damage ratings from the hazel stem borer were more likely to exhibit signs of eastern filbert blight (Anisogramma anomala Peck), a fungal pathogen virulent to C. avellana. Some hazel cultivars were more susceptible to damage from stem borers than others.Taken together, our findings suggest that the hazel stem borer has the potential to impact hybrid hazelnut yield.We speculate that a regional drought may have promoted increased populations of the hazel stem borer, as native Agrilus species are often secondary pests that become problematic when environmental stresses decrease host resistance. More research is needed to elucidate interactions between hazels, buprestid pests, and environmental conditions to predict impacts on crop yields.
Hubble Space Telescope Planetary Camera images of R136

The Planetary Camera of the Hubble Space Telescope has been used to obtain broad and narrowband images ofR136, the core of the massive star cluster 30 Doradus in the Large Magellanic Cloud. R136a, the brightest component ofR136, is shown to have at least 12 separate components, including the eight originally identified by speckle interferometry. Three of the 12 components are previously unidentified close companions of the speckle components. The stars within R136a are found to have luminosities and colors of normal evolved (Wolf-Rayet and blue supergiants) and zero-age main-sequence (ZAMS) massive stars. A narrowband He II filter was used to investigate the Wolf-Rayet stellar population. We find that three stars in R136a are of the Wolf-Rayet type; of the two identified from ground-based data, one is now resolved into two components. We present color-magnitude diagrams and a luminosity function of the stars within the larger region (~2 pc) defined as R136. We find that the stars in R136 are similar in color and luminosity to those of cluster members that lie outside that crowded inner region. The lower end of the color-magnitude diagram corresponds to ZAMS spectral type B3. No red supergiants have been detected within R136. The luminosity per unit area in the inner 1" (0.25 pc) of R136 is ≥ 50 times that of the center of Orion for a comparable area and seven times that of the core of NGC 3603. The luminosity per unit area of all of R136 is comparable to that of Orion but is sustained over 130 times the area. An F336W surface brightness profile is constructed for R136 based on the stellar photometry. The distribution is found to be consistent with a pure power law with l(r}ɑ r^y with y=-1.72±0.06 or with a small core with r_c 5 X 10^4 M_☉ pc^(-3). The implied upper limit on the relaxation time for the cluster is much smaller than the age of 3.5 X 10^6 yrs required by the presence of Wolf-Rayet stars. This suggests that relaxation effects have been very important in determining the observed structure of the cluster unless a large population of lower mass stars is also present.
Maternal treatment with aripiprazole prevents the development of a valproic acid-induced autism-like phenotype in juvenile male mice

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) describes a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by deficits in social communication and repetitive behaviors. Aripiprazole (APZ) is an atypical antipsychotic that can safeguard mice against autism-like behavior induced by valproic acid (VPA). In the present study, we examined the effects of maternal treatment with APZ (10 mg/kg) in juvenile mice prenatally exposed to VPA on neurodevelopmental behaviors, social interactions, communication, and working memory, as well as synaptophysin (SYP), synaptosomal-associated protein, 25 kDa (SNAP-25) and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and cell viability in the hippocampus. In addition, to evaluate possible APZ interference with the anticonvulsant properties of VPA on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures were evaluated. Maternal treatment with APZ significantly prevented body weight loss, self-righting, eye-opening, social interactions, social communication, and working memory deficits in mice prenatally exposed to VPA. Additionally, the decrease in the SYP, SNAP-25, and MAP-2 expressions in the mPFC and cell death in the hippocampus was prevented by APZ. Furthermore, APZ (10 mg/kg) did not interfere with the anticonvulsant effect of VPA (15 mg/kg) in animals with PTZ-induced seizures. These findings indicate that maternal treatment with APZ in pregnant mice exposed to VPA protects animals against the ASD-like behavioral phenotype, and this effect may be related, at least in part, to synaptic plasticity and neuronal protection in the PFC and hippocampus. APZ may serve as an effective pharmacological therapeutic target against autistic behaviors in the VPA animal model of ASD, which should be further investigated to verify its clinical relevance.
Effect of small vessel disease severity on blood pressure management after endovascular therapy in the BP TARGET trial

Acute ischaemic stroke patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), including cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), have worse outcomes. The effect was investigated of two blood pressure strategies (intensive vs. standard) and blood pressure variability (BPV) after reperfusion according to CSVD burden in the BP TARGET trial.
Association of blood product ratios with early mortality in pediatric trauma resuscitation: A time-dependent analysis from the National Trauma Databank

In this TQIP study of 1,152 pediatric trauma patients receiving high-volume blood transfusion, ratios of blood products varied throughout the resuscitation period. No association of blood product groups with mortality was seen on time-dependent analysis. BACKGROUND Injured children with severe hemorrhage often receive blood product transfusions with ratios of plasma and platelets to packed red blood cells (PRBCs) approaching 1:1:1. Whether blood product ratios vary during pediatric resuscitation is unknown. This study (1) described precise timing of pediatric blood product administration, (2) characterized changes in blood product ratios over time, and (3) evaluated the association of blood products with early mortality while incorporating time-varying factors. METHODS Pediatric (younger than 18 years) trauma patients receiving high-volume transfusion (>40 mL/kg total products or >2 U PRBC or whole blood, during first 4 hours) were obtained from the 2017 to 2019 Trauma Quality Improvement Program database. The time of each individual product transfusion was recorded, along with demographics, injury details, and times of death. Patients were assigned to blood product groups at 15-minute intervals: high plasma/PRBC ratio (>1:1) with platelets, high plasma/PRBC ratio (>1:1) without platelets, low plasma/PRBC ratio (<1:1), PRBC only, and whole blood. Cox proportional hazards modeling for 24-hour mortality was performed, including blood product group as a time-varying variable and adjusting for relevant covariates. RESULTS Of 1,152 included patients (median age, 15 years; 32% penetrating, 28% severe traumatic brain injury [sTBI]), 18% died within 24 hours. During the resuscitation period, the number of patients in high-ratio groups increased over time, and patients switched blood product groups up to six times. There was no significant difference in mortality by blood product group. Among patients with sTBI, there was a strong trend toward lower mortality among high plasma/PRBC without platelets versus high plasma/PRBC with platelets (hazard ratio, 0.55; p = 0.07). CONCLUSION No significant association of high ratios or whole blood with mortality was seen when time-varying factors were incorporated. The impact of balanced resuscitation strategies, particularly platelet transfusion, may be greatest among patients with sTBI. Optimizing balanced resuscitation for children requires appropriately designed prospective studies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic/Care Management; Level IV.
Colliding wind binary systems : Monte Carlo simulations of line-profile variability

We investigate the line-profile variability observed in colliding wind binary systems. In these systems the ultraviolet P Cygni line profiles show marked orbital variability; the nature of which differs between individual lines and binaries. We present results of three-dimensional Monte-Carlo simulations of the radiative transfer and line formation in colliding wind binaries. We present results for an idealized binary system, illustrating some of the factors that will affect line-profile formation in such systems, and the potential complexity of interpreting such variability. In addition, we calculate the expected line-profile variability for the archetypal W-R+O binary V444 Cyg
Research advances in ZnO nanomaterials-based UV photode tectors: a review

Ultraviolet photodetectors (UV PDs) have always been the research focus of semiconductor optoelectronic devices due to their wide application fields and diverse compositions. As one of the best-known n-type metal oxides in third-generation semiconductor electronic devices, ZnO nanostructures and their assembly with other materials have received extensive research. In this paper, the research progress of different types of ZnO UV PDs is reviewed, and the effects of different nanostructures on ZnO UV PDs are summarized in detail. In addition, physical effects such as piezoelectric photoelectric effect, pyroelectric effect, and three ways of heterojunction, noble metal local surface plasmon resonance enhancement and formation of ternary metal oxides on the performance of ZnO UV PDs were also investigated. The applications of these PDs in UV sensing, wearable devices, and optical communication are displayed. Finally, the possible opportunities and challenges for the future development of ZnO UV PDs are prospected.
Clinical evidence supporting ceftaroline fosamil and ceftobiprole for complicated skin and soft tissue infections

Purpose of review Ceftaroline and ceftobiprole are advanced generation cephalosporins with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This review summarizes their clinical efficacy for complicated skin and soft tissue infections (cSSTIs). Recent findings Both these agents retain excellent in vitro activity against both MRSA and Gram-negative isolates from patients with CSSTIs. Both these agents are registered for the management of cSSTIs based on the results of large scale phase III noninferiority trials. Ceftaroline and ceftobiprole are noninferior to the combination of vancomycin and aztreonam as this was assessed by their clinical cure rate at the test-of-cure visits. Furthermore, ceftobiprole is noninferior to comparators for the achievement of early clinical success at 72 h. Ceftaroline achieves 81% clinical cure against diabetic foot infections. Summary Ceftaroline and ceftobiprole can be used as monotherapy for the treatment of cSSTIs.
Nicotine Dependence among Current Cigarette Smokers Who Use E-Cigarettes and Cannabis

Abstract Background Co-use of tobacco and cannabis and dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes are very common among young adults. However, it is unclear whether co-use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and/or cannabis is associated with higher levels of nicotine dependence than cigarette-only use. We investigated the relationship between cigarette/nicotine dependence and co-use of tobacco and cannabis among 4 groups of cigarette smokers aged 18–35: cigarette-only smokers, cigarette-e-cigarette (CIG-ECIG) co-users, cigarette-cannabis (CIG-CAN) co-users, and cigarette-e-cigarette-cannabis (CIG-ECIG-CAN) co-users. Methods Data were from a 2018 cross-sectional survey based on a national convenience sample of smokers aged 18–35 (n = 315). Cigarette/nicotine dependence was measured by the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and e-cigarette dependence was measured by the Penn State E-cigarette Dependence Index. Bivariate analyses examined sociodemographic and tobacco/other substance use characteristics by co-use status and multivariable linear regression assessed the relationship between co-use and nicotine dependence. Results In the sample, 27.6% were cigarette-only smokers, 24.8% were CIG-ECIG, 27.6% were CIG-CAN, and 20.0% were CIG-ECIG-CAN co-users. Significant differences were observed in sociodemographic and tobacco/other substance use characteristics by co-use status. E-cigarette co-users had low e-cigarette dependence, but moderate FTND scores. In adjusted analyses, only CIG-ECIG co-use was associated with higher FTND scores compared to cigarette-only smoking. However, CIG-ECIG and CIG-ECIG-CAN co-use were associated with higher FTND scores compared to CIG-CAN co-use. Conclusions Co-use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes was associated with greater nicotine dependence among smokers aged 18–35. Additional research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of these relationships and inform prevention efforts.
Provider-To-Provider Communication About Care Transitions: Considering Different Health Technology Tools

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. ABSTRACT Transitions in patient care require exchanges of information between providers. This period of transition presents a range of challenges, and inadequate transitions can have serious consequences for patients. Our objective was to understand providers' perspectives about patient care transitions, especially around communication between providers and the role of health information technology in provider-to-provider communication. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. Deductive-dominant thematic analysis was used to allow categorization of data based on general themes derived from the interview guides, as well as identification of emergent themes. We characterized three main themes involving providers' perspectives about care transitions. Themes included communication challenges, communication preferences, and suggestions for improving the care transition processes. With respect to challenges around communication, providers highlighted four main concerns. These concerns included the existence of too many methods of communication, high volume of communication, challenges with involvement of multiple providers delivering longitudinal care, and difficulty communicating with providers outside the health system. Providers noted opportunities to improve transitions including improving standardization, enhancing the specialty to primary care transition process, and increasing communication back to the referring provider. Implementation and evaluation of these improvements could be considered by health systems to enhance care transitions.
Low-frequency noise in reverse-biased Schottky barriers on InAlN/AlN/GaN heterostructures

We present low-frequency gate noise characteristics of InAlN/AlN/GaN heterostructures grown by low-pressure metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. The electric field in the InAlN barrier is determined from C-V measurements and is used for gate leakage current modeling. The latter is dominated by Poole-Frenkel emission at low reverse bias and Fowler-Nordheim tunneling at high electric field. Several useful physical parameters are extracted from a gate leakage model including polarizations-induced field. The gate noise fluctuations are dominated by trapping-detrapping processes including discrete traps and two continuums of traps with distributed time constants. Burst noise with several levels and time constant values is also observed in these structures. Low-frequency noise measurements confirm the presence of field-assisted emission from trap states. The 1/f noise model of McWorther is used to explain the 1/f-like noise behavior in a restricted frequency range.
Comparative analysis of pre‐operative ultrasound and histopathology in small papillary thyroid carcinoma in the era of active surveillance

Contemporary management of small papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) includes active surveillance (AS) as a number of these tumours are indolent. Overseas studies have reported AS in tumours up to 15 mm. This study aims to look at an Australian cohort of patients who have had surgery for non‐incidental PTCs and analyse their pre‐operative ultrasound and histopathology data to investigate potential issues that might arise in the era of AS.
Structure-guided approach to modulate small molecule binding to a promiscuous ligand-activated protein

Significance One of the most important physiological damage-control mechanisms is detoxification. Because of their roles in removing potentially harmful substances, detoxification systems are highly promiscuous in the molecules they recognize. While evolutionarily protective, this presents a roadblock to drug development. To understand how drug molecules will react during physiological exposure, we must identify the mechanisms of promiscuity in detoxification systems. In this study, we have performed structural, biochemical, chemical, and cellular experiments to characterize a structural mechanism of promiscuity in pregnane X receptor, a major transcriptional regulator of drug metabolizing enzymes.
Enhanced recovery concepts in paediatric patients who underwent appendectomy: a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary university hospital

Objective To investigate if the implementation of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways could be effective in paediatric patients undergoing appendectomy. Methods This retrospective study analysed the data from patients aged ≤18 years that underwent appendectomies. The data collected included age, sex, application of enhanced recovery concepts (ERCs) and clinical outcomes. Results A total of 93 paediatric patients were retrospectively categorized into two groups: patients in group 1 did not experience the use of ERCs during their appendectomies; and patients in group 2 had ERCs applied during their appendectomies. Patients in both groups were exposed to some elements of ERAS, including preoperative patient/parent counselling, limited fasting durations, antibiotic prophylaxis and no bowel preparations. Duration of hospital stay was significantly longer in group 1 compared with group 2 (3.47 ± 1.81 days versus 2.24 ± 1.52 days, respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups in term of postoperative pain control, hospital cost, readmissions, reoperations and emergency room visits. Conclusion Implementing ERCs in paediatric patients undergoing appendectomies provided a significant improvement in patient recovery with a shorter hospital stay, with no increase in postoperative pain, hospital cost, rate of readmission and reoperation.