Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trophic Interactions in a High Arctic Snow Goose Colony1

Abstract We examined the role of trophic interactions in structuring a high arctic tundra community characterized by a large breeding colony of greater snow geese (Chen caerulescens atlantica). According to the exploitation ecosystem hypothesis of Oksanen et al. (1981), food chains are controlled by top-down interactions. However, because the arctic primary productivity is low, herbivore populations are too small to support functional predator populations and these communities should thus be dominated by the plant/ herbivore trophic-level interaction. Since 1990, we have been monitoring annual abundance and productivity of geese, the impact of goose grazing, predator abundance (mostly arctic foxes, Alopex lagopus) and the abundance of lemmings, the other significant herbivore in this community, on Bylot Island, Nunavut, Canada. Goose grazing consistently removed a significant proportion of the standing crop (∼40%) in tundra wetlands every year. Grazing changed plant community composition and reduced the production of grasses and sedges to a low-level equilibrium compared to the situation where the presence of geese had been removed. Lemming cyclic fluctuations were strong and affected fox reproduction. Fox predation on goose eggs was severe and generated marked annual variation in goose productivity. Predation intensity on geese was closely related to the lemming cycle, a consequence of an indirect interaction between lemming and geese via shared predators. We conclude that, contrary to the exploitation ecosystem hypothesis, both the plant/herbivore and predator/prey interactions are significant in this arctic community.
Fracture Resistance of Roots after Application of Different Sealers

Introduction: Vertical root fracture inevitably leads to tooth extraction. Thus, root filling with obturating materials and sealers that can reinforce the tooth would be an ideal way to reduce fracture in root treated teeth. This study aimed to assess the fracture resistance of roots following the application of different sealers including Epiphany, iRoot sealer and AH-plus. Methods and Materials: Fifty extracted human single-canal premolars without caries, curvature or cracks were used in this study. Tooth crowns were cut to yield 13-mm-long roots. Five roots were put in the negative control group and were left unprepared. Forty-five canals were prepared using ProTaper rotary files up to F3 and were then randomly divided into three groups based on the sealer type (n=15). The root canals were filled using cold lateral condensation technique with gutta-percha and AH-Plus sealer, gutta-percha and iRoot sealer and Resilon and Epiphany sealer, in groups one to three, respectively. The roots were then mounted in acrylic molds for fracture resistance testing and subjected to compressive load at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min until fracture. Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA. Results: The mean fracture resistance was 673.38±170.42 N in AH-Plus, 562.00±184.68 N in iRoot, 708.03±228.05 N in Resilon and 592.59±117.29 N in the control group. No statistically significant difference was found between the experimental groups and the negative control group (P=0.26). Conclusion: Application of AH-Plus, bioceramic and Resilon sealers did not change the fracture resistance of roots compared to that of unprepared root canals.
A pr 2 00 3 On the Average of Triangular Numbers

The problem we are dealing with is the following: find two sequences an and bn such that the average of the first bn triangular numbers (starting with the triangular number 1) is still a triangular number, precisely the an-th triangular number. We get also some side results: for instance one of the sequence instrumental to finding the asked for sequences turns out to be a bisection of the sequence of the numerators of continued fraction convergents to √ 3. The present note has been suggested by a problem proposed in the ”Student Problems” section of The Mathematical Gazette (see [2]). The problem we tackle is the following: find two sequences an and bn such that the average of the first bn triangular numbers (starting with the triangular number 1) is still a triangular number, precisely the an-th triangular number. If we want that the average of the first s triangular number be a triangular number it has to hold 1 s s
Flexible component contracts for local resource awareness

Ubiquitous and pervasive computing paradigms tend to shift towards open service-oriented platforms, in which carelessly written services can undermine the general stability of the whole system. We propose a component-contract based approach to solve these challenges. Resource contracts, combined with an intelligent resource broker and monitoring system, will efficiently deal with the local resource aspects of dynamically reconfigurable component systems.
A one dimensional model study of the mechanism of halogen liberation and vertical transport in the polar troposphere

Sudden depletions of tropospheric ozone during spring were reported from the Arctic and also from Antarctic coastal sites. Field studies showed that those depletion events are caused by reactive halogen species, especially bromine compounds. However the source and seasonal variation of reactive halogen species is still not completely understood. There are several indications that the halogen mobilisation from the sea ice surface of the polar oceans may be the most important source for the necessary halogens. Here we present a one dimensional model study aimed at determining the primary source of reactive halogens. The model includes gas phase and heterogeneous bromine and chlorine chemistry as well as vertical transport between the surface and the top of the boundary layer. The autocatalytic Br release by photochemical processes (bromine explosion) and subsequent rapid bromine catalysed ozone depletion is well reproduced in the model and the major source of reactive bromine appears to be the sea ice surface. The sea salt aerosol alone is not sufficient to yield the high levels of reactive bromine in the gas phase necessary for fast ozone depletion. However, the aerosol efficiently "recycles" less reactive bromine species (e.g. HBr) and feeds them back into the ozone destruction cycle. Isolation of the boundary layer air from the free troposphere by a strong temperature inversion was found to be critical for boundary layer ozone depletion to happen. The combination of strong surface inversions and presence of sunlight occurs only during polar spring.
Modelling and simulation of high-speed machining

A Lagrangian finite element model of orthogonal high-speed machining is developed. Continuous remeshing and adaptive meshing are the principal tools which we employ for sidestepping the difficulties associated with deformation-induced element distortion, and for resolving fine-scale features in the solution. The model accounts for dynamic effects, heat conduction, mesh-on-mesh contact with friction, and full thermo-mechanical coupling. In addition, a fracture model has been implemented which allows for arbitrary crack initiation and propagation in the regime of shear localized chips. The model correctly exhibits the observed transition from continuous to segmented chips with increasing tool speed.
Neighbor discovery in wireless networks and the coupon collector's problem

Neighbor discovery is one of the first steps in the initialization of a wireless ad hoc network. In this paper, we design and analyze practical algorithms for neighbor discovery in wireless networks. We first consider an ALOHA-like neighbor discovery algorithm in a synchronous system, proposed in an earlier work. When nodes do not have a collision detection mechanism, we show that this algorithm reduces to the classical {\em Coupon Collector's Problem}. Consequently, we show that each node discovers all its $n$ neighbors in an expected time equal to $ne (\ln n + c)$, for some constant $c$. When nodes have a collision detection mechanism, we propose an algorithm based on receiver status feedback which yields a $\ln n$ improvement over the ALOHA-like algorithm. Our algorithms do not require nodes to have any estimate of the number of neighbors. In particular, we show that not knowing $n$ results in no more than a factor of two slowdown in the algorithm performance. In the absence of node synchronization, we develop asynchronous neighbor discovery algorithms that are only a factor of two slower than their synchronous counterparts. We show that our algorithms can achieve neighbor discovery despite allowing nodes to begin execution at different time instants. Furthermore, our algorithms allow each node to detect when to terminate the neighbor discovery phase.
Discussion on Antoniadis and Fan “ Regularization of Wavelet Approximations ”

Anestis Antoniadis and Janqing Fan deserve congratulations for a wonderful and illuminating paper. Links among wavelet-based penalized function estimation, model selection, and now actively explored wavelet-shrinkage estimation, are intriguing and attracted attention of many researchers. Antoniadis and Fan provide numerous references. The nonlinear estimators resulting as optimal in the process of regularization, for some specific penalty functions, turn out to be the familiar hardor soft-thresholding rules, or some of their sensible modifications. Simply speaking, the penalty function determines the estimation rule, 1The discussant is an Associate Professor, School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 765 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332-0205. This research was supported in part by NSF Grant DMS-0072585 at Georgia Tech.
Reliability Assessment on Highly Manufacturable MOSFETs with Metal Gate and Hf based Gate Dielectrics

After over 10 years of intensive study on high-k dielectric and metal gate electrode to replace silicon based materials (Si02 or SiON gate dielectric and polysilicon gate) in the complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) application, it was claimed that hafnium based dielectric and metal gate are finally ready to be implemented in 45nm technology and beyond. It was reported that the minority carrier mobility in the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) with hafnium oxide (Hf02) was improved significantly and performance reaches the comparable level of that of MOSFETs with silicon oxynitride even with further scaled equivalent oxide thickness (EOT). Since the device performance has been optimized, the focus of the high-k dielectric study shifts toward the device reliability issues.
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type III secretion system plays a dual role in the regulation of caspase-1 mediated IL-1β maturation

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that forms a serious problem for immunocompromised patients and also the leading cause of mortality in cystic fibrosis. The overall importance of a functional Type III secretion system (T3SS) in P. aeru inosa virulence has been well established, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Using in vitro infected macrophages as w as a murine model of acute lung infection, we show that the Caspase‐1 mediated maturation and secretion of IL‐1β needs a translocation competent T3SS and Flagellin, but not the Type III effector proteins ExoS, ExoT and ExoY. However, ExoS was found to negative regulate the P. aeruginosa induced IL‐1β maturation by a mechanism that is dependent on its ADP ribosyltransferase activity. Moreov ExoS deficiency also switched the mode of macrophage death from apoptosis to pro‐inflammatory pyroptosis. Altogether, these da demonstrate a dual role for the P. aeruginosa T3SS in the regulation of Caspase‐1 mediated IL‐1β production and provide new insigh into the mechanisms of immune evasion by this pathogen.
Correlation between peak spatial-average SAR and maximum temperature elevation in layered cubical model in the frequency range above 3 GHz

The present study investigates the correlation between maximum temperature elevation and peak mass-averaged specific absorption rates (SARs) in layered one-dimensional model and layered cubical model. The resolution of the model is 0.5 mm or less in order to calculate the correlation in frequencies up to 10 GHz. Our computational investigation in the one-dimensional model showed that the variability due to the thickness is several dozen percents or more, which is dependent on the frequency. In the three-dimensional homogeneous model, SARs averaged over 10 g provides reasonable correlation with maximum temperature elevation for frequencies up to 6 GHz. For the layered cubical model, the SAR averaged over 1g provides better frequency characteristics of the correlation with the maximum temperature elevation, while the variability of the ratio for different tissue thickness remains future work.
Literature Review of Email Forensics

Communication through email is widely used. Emails contain highly crucial information. Taking advantage of this cyber criminal takes unauthorized access and do unauthorized changes and use it any manner that can harm the person directly or indirectly. As the number of crimes are increasing in this area there is need arise to do investigation of emails, and hence Email forensic is important to study. Email will helps to gives important clue for further investigation.
How Important are Sectoral Shocks?

I quantify the contribution of sectoral shocks to business cycle fluctuations in aggregate output. I develop a multi-industry general equilibrium model in which each industry employs the material and capital goods produced by other sectors, and then estimate this model using data on U.S. industries sales, output prices, and input choices. Maximum likelihood estimates indicate that industry-specific shocks account for nearly two-thirds of the volatility of aggregate output, substantially larger than previously assessed. Identification of the relative importance of industry-specific shocks comes primarily from data on industries intermediate input purchases, data that earlier estimations of multi-industry models have ignored.
How to recover a Lagrangian using the homogeneous variational bicomplex

We show how the homogeneous variational bicomplex provides a useful formalism for describing a number of properties of single-integral variational problems, and we introduce a subsequence of one of the rows of the bicomplex which is locally exact with respect to the variational derivative. We are therefore able to recover a Lagrangian from a set of equations given as a variationally-closed differential form. As an example, we show how to recover a first-order Lagrangian from a suitable set of second-order equations.
Primary Preschool Experiences with Computers in the Classroom

This paper presents some experiences of learning with computers in a preschool setting. The MEDEA framework (a Spanish acronym of Methodology and Tools for the Development of Intelligent Environments of Teaching and Learning) is used to define the activities and construct the user models. The result is an environment that has been installed in the classroom as a new resource and which has been used in conjunction with traditional learning tasks. The system has been successfully evaluated with children from different countries and cultures.
Incidence, predictors and associated outcomes of rhabdomyolysis after kidney transplantation.

BACKGROUND There are several case reports of rhabdomyolysis (RM) in renal transplant recipients, but the actual incidence of this complication is not known. Most of the reported cases have been attributed to drug-drug interactions with calcineurin inhibitors, with the majority of interactions reported between cyclosporine and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins). Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that cyclosporine increases statin drug levels, presumably via competitive inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4. METHODS In a retrospective cohort of 20 366 adult Medicare primary renal transplant recipients in the USRDS database transplanted from 1 January 2003 to 31 July 2005 and followed through 31 December 2005, we assessed Medicare claims for RM and dyslipidaemia (HPL), which was used as a surrogate for statin use. RESULTS The incidence rate of RM post-transplant for the study period was 1.4 (95% CI 1.1-1.8) per 1000 person-years. By Cox regression analysis, cyclosporine (versus tacrolimus) use [AHR 2.36 (95% CI 1.23-4.35); P = 0.006] and black race [AHR 2.33 (95% CI 1.30-4.17); P = 0.005] were associated with RM. By Cox non-proportional hazards regression, RM was associated with graft loss (including death) [AHR 2.84 (95% CI 1.70-4.72); P < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS RM is a rare complication after renal transplantation and is significantly associated with allograft loss (including death). RM is significantly more likely to occur with cyclosporine (versus tacrolimus)-based immunosuppression and possibly in persons of black race. Increased surveillance for RM is warranted in these at-risk patients.
Learning Compact Convolutional Neural Networks with Nested Dropout

Recently, nested dropout was proposed as a method for ordering representation units in autoencoders by their information content, without diminishing reconstruction cost. However, it has only been applied to training fully-connected autoencoders in an unsupervised setting. We explore the impact of nested dropout on the convolutional layers in a CNN trained by backpropagation, investigating whether nested dropout can provide a simple and systematic way to determine the optimal representation size with respect to the desired accuracy and desired task and data complexity.
Parsley: A Scalable Framework for Dependence-Driven Task Scheduling in Distributed-Memory Multiprocessor Systems

This paper describes the design and implementation of a new parallel programming environment called Parsley, which provides ne-grained scheduling services based on the structure of the application programs. In Parsley, application programs are divided into subtasks which may run serially or in parallel. Parsley provides a programming interface that allows a user to de ne subtasks and to specify the precedence constraints among them. According to this speci cation, the Parsley system schedules subtasks and allocates processors. Thus, the subtasks are executed in a dependence-driven manner. We developed a parallel molecular dynamics simulation program based on the Parsley mechanism and executed it on a scalable multiprocessor system. We achieved good scalability and showed that our system is e cient for large-scale molecular dynamics simulation.
Mechanism of Injury, Glasgow Coma Scale, Age, and Systolic Blood Pressure: A New Trauma Scoring System to Predict Mortality in Trauma Patients

Background: Trauma is the most common cause of death in people aged 1 - 44 years and the third leading cause of death regardless of age. Early diagnosis can expedite emergency care and thus patients can be transferred more quickly to a treatment center. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanism of injury, Glasgow coma scale, age, and arterial pressure (MGAP) scoring system in predicting mortality in trauma patients. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 5,484 victims over 12 years of age referred to a trauma referral hospital and were evaluated. The MGAP score was assessed based on type of injury, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), systolic blood pressure (BP) and patient’s age. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was used as a measure of predictive performance. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16. Results: Patients were divided into three groups : scores of less than 18, 18 - 22 and greater than 22; in which the mortality rates were 75.2%, 9.5% and 0.1%, respectively (P < 0.0001). The best cut-off point was 22 in our study, and the MGAP scoring system had 93.7% sensitivity and 91.3% specificity. Conclusions: The MGAP scoring system can be used as an appropriate scoring system to predict mortality in triage trauma patients.
Aproximaciones teóricas sobre Psicoeducación. Análisis de su aplicación en mujeres con cáncer de mama

El presente articulo pretende introducir al lector en el analisis de los principales aspectos teoricos relacionados con la Psicoeducacion, asi como con la intervencion psicoeducativa aportando resultados de investigaciones que demuestran la efectividad de este proceder terapeutico en mujeres sobrevivientes de cancer de mama. Se realiza un analisis del recorrido historico por los diferentes contextos relacionados con la Psicoeducacion, fundamentalmente en la atencion del paciente oncologico y en especial en mujeres sobrevivientes de cancer de mama. Todo esto se realiza desde la perspectiva tecnica, investigativa y metodologica de la ciencia, ya que se considera a la psicologia como una de las disciplinas de estudio superior cuyas conclusiones se encuentran avaladas por un amplio y reconocido desarrollo del conocimiento en este campo. Abstract This article aims to introduce the reader to the analysis of the main theoretical aspects of psychoeducation, as well as providing psychoeducational intervention research results that demonstrate the effectiveness of this therapeutic procedure in women survivors of breast cancer. An analysis of the historical journey is performed by different contexts related to psychoeducation, mainly in the care of cancer patients and especially in women survivors of breast cancer. All this is done from the technical, scientific and methodological perspective of science, as it is considered to psychology as a scientific discipline whose conclusions are endorsed by a large and renowned scientific development.
Adenosine A2A receptor activation reduces hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting CD1d-dependent NKT cell activation

Ischemia reperfusion injury results from tissue damage during ischemia and ongoing inflammation and injury during reperfusion. Liver reperfusion injury is reduced by lymphocyte depletion or activation of adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) with the selective agonist 4- {3-[6-amino-9-(5-ethylcarbamoyl-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-9H-purin-2-yl]- prop-2-ynyl}-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid methyl ester (ATL146e). We show that NKT cells are stimulated to produce interferon (IFN)-γ by 2 h after the initiation of reperfusion, and the use of antibodies to deplete NK1.1-positive cells (NK and NKT) or to block CD1d-mediated glycolipid presentation to NKT cells replicates, but is not additive to, the protection afforded by ATL146e, as assessed by serum alanine aminotransferase elevation, histological necrosis, neutrophil accumulation, and serum IFN-γ elevation. Reduced reperfusion injury observed in RAG-1 knockout (KO) mice is restored to the wild-type (WT) level by adoptive transfer of NKT cells purified from WT or A2AR KO mice but not IFN-γ KO mice. Additionally, animals with transferred A2AR−/− NKT cells are not protected from hepatic reperfusion injury by ATL146e. In vitro, ATL146e potently inhibits both anti-CD3 and α-galactosylceramide–triggered production of IFN-γ by NKT cells. These findings suggest that hepatic reperfusion injury is initiated by the CD1d-dependent activation of NKT cells, and the activation of these cells is inhibited by A2AR activation.