Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neglected orthopedic oncology--Causes, epidemiology and challenges for management in developing countries.

BACKGROUND Management of malignant bone and soft tissue tumors remains an overwhelming confront to orthopedic surgeons. The challenge is discriminating in developing countries due to inadequate diagnostic and therapeutic amenities and unawareness. A lot has been discussed about the neglected orthopedic trauma, but the published literature on the causes and management of neglected bone and soft tissue tumors is sparse. Hence, current study was undertaken to highlight the causes of neglect and therapeutic challenges for managing these neglected tumors in developing countries. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To determine the causes of neglect of malignant bone and soft tissue tumors, their epidemiology (including their relative frequencies, age, gender discrimination, anatomical sites of occurrence and histological characteristics) and difficult aspect of management due to neglect or delayed presentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was an appraisal of the neglected malignant bone and soft tissue tumors presented to J. N. Medical College and Hospital from June 2008 to May 2013. Criteria for labeling the tumor as neglected malignant bone and soft tissue tumor was delayed presentation (>3 months), locally advanced disease, ulceration, sepsis, fungating mass or metastasis at the time of presentation. All the cases were reviewed and analyzed for age, gender, histological types, educational status and socioeconomic status of the family, any prior treatment by traditional bone setters or registered medical practitioner, cause of delay for seeking medical advice. We have also analyzed the treatment given at our institute and the outcome of the tumor. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS Eighteen patients fulfilled the criteria for neglected malignant bone and soft tissue tumors, hence were included in study. Eight cases were of osteosarcoma, five cases were of Ewing's sarcoma, three cases were of chondrosarcoma and 1 case each was of pleomorphic liposarcoma and primary lymphoma of bone. According to Enneking staging system 11 cases were of stage III (distant metastasis) and 7 were stage II-B. Seven were females, and 11 were males. Age range was 5-68 years. 15 patients (83.3%) belonged to low socioeconomic status with 17 patients (94.4%) belonged to uneducated background. Cause of delay in seeking medical advice was neglect by the patient and family due to financial constraints, cultural and religious believes, lack of access to health care facilities, consultation with traditional bone setters and even misdiagnosis by qualified orthopedic surgeons. The tumors included were all unresectable and of huge sizes, hence were managed with amputation/dis-articulation, chemotherapy or radiation. CONCLUSION The current study tries to highlight the causes and quantity of neglect of malignant bone and soft tissue tumors prevalent in our country, which poses a therapeutic challenge for management and consequent mutilating surgeries with poor outcome resulting in loss of extremity and existence.
On Shipboard Marine X-Band Radar Near-Surface Current ‘‘Calibration’’

AbstractThe ocean wave signatures within conventional noncoherent marine X-band radar (MR) image sequences can be used to derive near-surface current information. On ships, an accurate near-real-time record of the near-surface current could improve navigational safety. It could also advance understanding of air–sea interaction processes. The standard shipboard MR near-surface current estimates were found to have large errors (of the same order of magnitude as the signal) that are associated with ship speed and heading. For acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs), ship heading errors are known to induce a spurious cross-track current that is proportional to the ship speed and the sine of the error angle. Conventional mechanical gyrocompasses are very reliable heading sensors, but they are too inaccurate for shipboard ADCPs. Within the ADCP community, it is common practice to correct the gyrocompass measurements with the help of multiantenna carrier-phase differential GPS systems. This study shows how a .
MIMO Technologies in 3GPP LTE and LTE-Advanced

Abstract3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has recently completed the specification of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. Majority of the world's operators and vendors are already committed to LTE deployments and developments, making LTE the market leader in the upcoming evolution to 4G wireless communication systems. Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technologies introduced in LTE such as spatial multiplexing, transmit diversity, and beamforming are key components for providing higher peak rate at a better system efficiency, which are essential for supporting future broadband data service over wireless links. Further extension of LTE MIMO technologies is being studied under the 3GPP study item "LTE-Advanced" to meet the requirement of IMT-Advanced set by International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R). In this paper, we introduce various MIMO technologies employed in LTE and provide a brief overview on the MIMO technologies currently discussed in the LTE-Advanced forum.
The Arts and Academic Achievement: What the Evidence Shows

Editor’s @ore: Below is the Executive Summrrn of the Reviewing Education and the Arts Project (REAP) Report: The Art.$ and Academic Achievement: What the Evidence Shows. The authors wish to (it Anowledge Ralph Smith, of the Universiti~ of Illinois, for his excellent editoriirl guidunce. The full report is published t is u special issue of the Journal of Atwhetic Education 34, no. 3/4 (FalWiti p r 2000).
The impact of graphic contextual information and instruction on the conversational behaviours of a person with severe aphasia

Backgrounds: Individuals with severe expressive aphasia often have difficulty sharing adequate amounts of specific information to sustain topical conversations. Aims: This single subject experiment investigated whether graphic representations of topics increased conversational duration, number of information exchanges, proportion of participant initiations, and percentage of successful communication exchanges during dyadic conversations involving a communicator with severe, nonfluent aphasia (SD). Methods & Procedures: SD conversed with two partners about personal and current events in “no treatment” and “graphic topic-setter” conditions. He also participated in an additional “instruction” condition with Partner 2. Conversations were videotaped, transcribed, and coded for the dependent variables. Results were averaged by condition, graphed, and analysed for statistical significance using randomisation testing. Outcomes & Results: Despite variability in conversational parameters across sessions, mean data from each condition revealed that graphic topic setters increased the average duration of interactions and mean number of communication exchanges per topic across both partners. Proportion of initiations increased significantly with graphic context for Partner 1 but not Partner 2; this effect was more pronounced for current event topics than personal events. Information transmission was significantly more successful when graphic context was present with both partners, but differences were more noticeable with Partner 1. Conclusions: Participants appeared better able to co-construct conversations when graphic topic setters were available to supplement the natural communication signals of a communicator with severe aphasia. Clinical implementation issues are discussed.
Structural Analysis of Articular Cartilage Using Multiphoton Microscopy: Input for Biomechanical Modeling

The 3-D morphology of chicken articular cartilage was quantified using multiphoton microscopy (MPM) for use in continuum-mechanical modeling. To motivate this morphological study we propose aspects of a new, 3-D finite strain constitutive model for articular cartilage focusing on the essential load-bearing morphology: an inhomogeneous, poro-(visco)elastic solid matrix reinforced by an anisotropic, (visco)elastic dispersed fiber fabric which is saturated by an incompressible fluid residing in strain-dependent pores. Samples of fresh chicken cartilage were sectioned in three orthogonal planes and imaged using MPM, specifically imaging the collagen fibers using second harmonic generation. Employing image analysis techniques based on Fourier analysis, we derived the principal directionality and dispersion of the collagen fiber fabric in the superficial layer. In the middle layer, objective thresholding techniques were used to extract the volume fraction occupied by extracellular collagen matrix. In conjunction with information available in the literature, or additional experimental testing, we show how this data can be used to derive a 3-D map of the initial solid volume fraction and Darcy permeability.
Neuropsychological Findings in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and its Potential Implications for Treatment

Neuropsychological studies have shed light on several important aspects of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Along with neuroimaging and information processing approaches, it has contributed to delineate some of the most instigating pathophysiological models of OCD and to strengthen its diagnostic validity. Lately, neuropsychological studies have also emerged as a potentially relevant research area for therapeutics. In this review, we described the nature of the executive dysfunctions associated with OCD and theorized how they may account for the characteristic memory and visuoconstructive/visuospatial impairments found in patients suffering from this disorder. We also examined the concepts of implicit memory, meta-memory, memory for actions, memory bias, reality monitoring, and the multiple ways these functions may be altered in patients with OCD. The role of cognitive dysfunctions as potential predictors of treatment response to either pharmacological approaches (e.g. serotonin reuptake inhibitors) or to cognitive-behavior therapies (i.e. exposure and response prevention) in patients with OCD was also discussed. Finally, we argued that cognition might be an area of particular vulnerability to the negative effects of the anti-obsessional drugs and of the neuroanatomically-based approaches (neurosurgery and deep-brain stimulation).
Poly[[triaqua(μ3-pyridine-2,4,6-tricarboxylato)gadolinium(III)] monohydrate]

The title compound, {[Gd(C8H2NO6)(H2O)3]·H2O}n, was obtained in water under hydrothermal conditions. The GdIII ions are nine-coordinated by two O and one N atoms from one pyridine-2,4,6-tricarboxylate ligand, two O atoms from another ligand, one O atom from a third ligand and three coordinated water molecules. Each ligand binds three metal centers. Two-dimensional layers are formed through the Gd—O bonds and the layers are linked by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network.
Clinical Significance of Programmed Death-1 Ligand-1 and Programmed Death-1 Ligand-2 Expression in Human Esophageal Cancer

Purpose: The negative regulatory programmed death-1/programmed death-1 ligand (PD-1/PD-L) pathway in T-cell activation has been suggested to play an important role in tumor evasion from host immunity. In this study, we investigated the expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 in human esophageal cancer to define their clinical significance in patients' prognosis after surgery. Experimental Design:PD-L1 and PD-L2 gene expression was evaluated in 41 esophagectomy patients by real-time quantitative PCR. The protein expression was also evaluated with newly generated monoclonal antibodies that recognize human PD-L1 (MIH1) and PD-L2 (MIH18). Results: The protein and the mRNA levels of determination by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative PCR were closely correlated. PD-L–positive patients had a significantly poorer prognosis than the negative patients. This was more pronounced in the advanced stage of tumor than in the early stage. Furthermore, multivariate analysis indicated that PD-L status was an independent prognostic factor. Although there was no significant correlation between PD-L1 expression and tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes, PD-L2 expression was inversely correlated with tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Conclusions: These data suggest that PD-L1 and PD-L2 status may be a new predictor of prognosis for patients with esophageal cancer and provide the rationale for developing novel immunotherapy of targeting PD-1/PD-L pathway.
Community-Centered Service Learning

Many colleges and universities seek to enliven their service missions through service learning. This article critically analyzes the service-learning literature, illustrating the idea that higher education institutions traditionally operate under an orientation of doing for communities rather than doing with them. Doing for is typically aligned with a charity perspective and emphasizes the position of privilege of campuses in relationship to their local communities, whereas a doing with perspective of service emphasizes collaboration and mutuality. Using special focus colleges and universities as a model, the authors provide suggestions on how to shift the paradigm to one that is more community centered.
Generation of correlated photons in nanoscale silicon waveguides.

We experimentally study the generation of correlated pairs of photons through four-wave mixing (FWM) in embedded silicon waveguides. The waveguides, which are designed to exhibit anomalous group-velocity dispersion at wavelengths near 1555 nm, allow phase matched FWM and thus efficient pair-wise generation of non-degenerate signal and idler photons. Photon counting measurements yield a coincidence-to-accidental ratio (CAR) of around 25 for a signal (idler) photon production rate of about 0.05 per pulse. We characterize the variation in CAR as a function of pump power and pump-to-sideband wavelength detuning. These measurements represent a first step towards the development of tools for quantum information processing which are based on CMOS-compatible, silicon-on-insulator technology.
A new understanding of grief: A counsellor's perspective

Walter (1996) is critical of bereavement counsellors. This paper is a person-centred counsellor's reply to Walter, based upon counselling practice with bereaved parents. I argue that Walter's account of the counsellor's understanding of the purpose and process of grief is not representative. Rather, counsellors offering the core conditions of empathy, acceptance and congruence, following the client's agenda, facilitate an individual, diverse, process. Sustaining a continuing bond with their deceased child is a primary purpose of many parents' grief: accomplishing this through cognitive exploration as well as catharsis is the function of the discourse of counselling.
Focal dystonia and the Sensory-Motor Integrative Loop for Enacting (SMILE)

Performing accurate movements requires preparation, execution, and monitoring mechanisms. The first two are coded by the motor system, the latter by the sensory system. To provide an adaptive neural basis to overt behaviors, motor and sensory information has to be properly integrated in a reciprocal feedback loop. Abnormalities in this sensory-motor loop are involved in movement disorders such as focal dystonia, a hyperkinetic alteration affecting only a specific body part and characterized by sensory and motor deficits in the absence of basic motor impairments. Despite the fundamental impact of sensory-motor integration mechanisms on daily life, the general principles of healthy and pathological anatomic–functional organization of sensory-motor integration remain to be clarified. Based on the available data from experimental psychology, neurophysiology, and neuroimaging, we propose a bio-computational model of sensory-motor integration: the Sensory-Motor Integrative Loop for Enacting (SMILE). Aiming at direct therapeutic implementations and with the final target of implementing novel intervention protocols for motor rehabilitation, our main goal is to provide the information necessary for further validating the SMILE model. By translating neuroscientific hypotheses into empirical investigations and clinically relevant questions, the prediction based on the SMILE model can be further extended to other pathological conditions characterized by impaired sensory-motor integration.
CD14 is expressed and functional in human B cells

The human B cell line RPMI 8226 exhibits variable staining with the CD14 antibody My4. We have isolated three stable clones from this line with clones 1 and 2 being My4 positive and clone 3 My4 negative. Similar to previous results in monocytes, immunoprecipitation with the My4 antibody revealed a 54‐kDa cell surface molecule, analysis of supernatants showed soluble CD14, and Northern blotting demonstrated a 1.4‐kb transcript in clones 1 and 2, but not in clone 3, which suggests that the My4 antibody detects CD14 in clones 1 and 2. This CD14 molecule was functional in that lipopolysaccharide stimulation induced interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐10 in clones 1 and 2 but not in clone 3. Furthermore, the My4 antibody was capable of blocking these responses at the transcript and protein levels. Finally, peripheral blood B cells were highly purified by cell sorting (> 98% CD19 positive). These cells produced IL‐6 in response to lipopolysaccharide, and this response was blocked by anti‐CD14 antiserum. Thus, our findings demonstrated that human B cells can express functionally active CD14.
A slightly high-normal glucose level is associated with increased arterial stiffness in Japanese community-dwelling persons with pre-diabetes

Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in diabetes is a risk factor for arterial stiffness and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the impact of a slightly high-normal glucose level remains controversial. We investigated whether slightly high-normal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was independently associated with arterial stiffness in non-diabetic community-dwelling persons. We recruited 114 men aged 69 ± 9 years (range 40–89) and 208 women aged 68 ± 7 years (range 36–84) during their annual health examination in a single community. Arterial stiffness was evaluated by the mean of the right and left brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV). Age-adjusted ba-PWV increased significantly from the lowest to the highest FPG group (p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analyses for ba-PWV revealed that FPG levels (β=0.154, p < 0.001) were independently and significantly associated with ba-PWV. The multivariate-adjusted ba-PWV value of the high-normal glucose group (Group 3: 95–100 mg/dL) was significantly higher than that of the lowest normal glucose group (Group 1: 52–89 mg/dL) (p=0.021), and the ba-PWV value in the IFG group (Group 4: 101–125 mg/dL) was significantly higher than those of the normal glucose groups (Group 1: <90 mg/dL; Group 2: 90–94 mg/dL) (p<0.001 and p=0.009, respectively). Slightly high-normal glucose levels were associated with arterial stiffness in Japanese community-dwelling persons.
3-D resonator bridges as sensing elements

This study introduces a novel design for low-cost MEMS devices, which exploit the benefits of resonant operation and maintain stable performance. Resonant devices provide high sensitivity and convenient signal processing. The environment induced degradation processes and the long-term stability of thin film resonators were investigated previously. Based on these results, new, low-cost pressure sensors and accelerometers were designed and fabricated. The structures are based on locally reinforced silicon nitride membranes, and doubleclamped 3-D silicon nitride bridges as sensing elements. The double mechanical structure allows separate optimization of the membrane and the bridges for the workload and for the most efficient driving and sensing. The 3-D bridges are optimized to serve as mechanical amplifiers, resulting in higher detection efficiency. The reliability tests indicated, that a low-cost atmospheric packaging is efficient, thus the bridges do not require vacuum encapsulation by multiple-wafer processing. External mechanical and thermal excitation combined with piezoresistive and optical detection methods are implemented in the different sensors. Differential detection using reference resonators allow compensation for thermal, environmentand aging-induced stresses.
Extended Reachability Graph of Petri Net for Cost Estimation

Reach ability graph is a fundamental tool for analysis of Petri Net models of discrete event dynamic systems. However, the applicability of reach ability graph is limited to finding different states that are reachable from an initial state. This paper presents a new extended reach ability graph that is much more useful: the extended reach ability graph can be used for not only finding the states that are reachable from an initial state, but also how much these states will costs. In order to support the new extended reach ability graph, this paper also proposes an extension to the timeless ordinary Petri Net, for incorporating firing times and firing costs of transition firings. In this paper, firstly, an extension to the ordinary Petri Net is proposed. Secondly, based on the extended Petri Net, an extended reach ability graph is presented. Finally, an application example is also given on the cost estimation of a software development project.
The politics of sport-for-development: Limited focus programmes and broad gauge problems?

This article explores the almost evangelical policy rhetoric of the sports-for-development ‘movement’ and the wide diversity of programmes and organizations included under this vague and weakly theorized banner. It is suggested that, although the rhetoric of sport as a human right has provided some rhetorical and symbolic legitimation for sport-for-development initiatives, the recent dramatic increase in interest reflects broader changes in the aid paradigm, reflecting perceived failures of top-down economic aid and an increased concern with issues of human and social capital, as well as the strengthening of civil society organizations. In this context the presumed ability of sport to offer an economy of solutions to a wide range of development problems led the United Nations, with the encouragement of a vociferous sport-for-development lobby, to turn to the world of sport in an effort to achieve its Millennium Development Goals. While there is a certain theoretical logic to some of the policy assertions about the contribution of sport to aspects of development, it is argued that the new approaches contain a number of dangers: confusing potential micro-level individual outcomes with community and broader macro-level impacts; ignoring wider socio-political contexts within which sport-for-development organizations have to operate; seeking to solve broad gauge problems via limited focus interventions; and encouraging mission drift by sport-for-development organizations wholly dependent on aid from a variety of aid agencies, with often overly ambitious non-sporting agendas. It is argued that if sport-for-development is to make a contribution to wider processes of development there is a need to ‘de-reify’ the rhetoric of sport-for-development and its implicit view of sport, and to view research and evaluation in terms of local programme development rather than the legitimation of international organizations and lobbies.