Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Column Aerosol Optical Properties and Aerosol Radiative Forcing during a Serious Haze-fog Month over North China Plain in 2013 Based on Ground-based Sunphotometer Measurements H. Che Et Al.: Column Aerosol Optical Properties and Aerosol Radiative Forcing

In January 2013, North China Plain experienced several serious haze events. Cimel sunphotometer measurements at seven sites over rural, suburban and urban regions of North China Plain from 1 to 30 January 2013 were used to further our understanding of spatial-temporal variation of aerosol optical parameters and aerosol radiative forcing (ARF). It was found that Aerosol Optical Depth at 500 nm (AOD 500 nm) during non-pollution periods at all stations was lower than 0.30 and increased significantly to greater than 1.00 as pollution events developed. The Angstrom exponent (Alpha) was larger than 0.80 for all stations most of the time. AOD 500 nm averages increased from north to south during both polluted and non-polluted periods on the three urban sites in Beijing. The fine mode AOD during pollution periods is about a factor of 2.5 times larger than that during the non-pollution period at urban sites but a factor of 5.0 at suburban and rural sites. The fine mode fraction of AOD 675 nm was higher than 80% for all sites during January 2013. The absorption AOD 675 nm at rural sites was only about 0.01 during pollution periods, while ∼ 0.03–0.07 and 0.01–0.03 during pollution and non-pollution periods at other sites, respectively. Single scattering albedo varied between 0.87 and 0.95 during January 2013 over North China Plain. The size distribution showed an obvious tri-peak pattern during the most serious period. The fine mode effective radius in the pollution period was about 0.01–0.08 µm larger than during non-pollution periods, while the coarse mode radius in pollution periods was about 0.06–0.38 µm less than that during non-pollution periods. The total, fine and coarse mode particle volumes varied by about 0.06–0.34 µm 3 , 0.03–0.23 µm 3 , and 0.03–0.10 µm 3 , respectively, throughout January 2013. During the most intense period (1–16 January), ARF at the surface exceeded −50 W m −2 , −180 W m −2 , and −200 W m −2 at rural, suburban, and urban sites, respectively. The ARF readings at the top of the atmosphere were approximately −30 W m −2 in rural and −40–60 W m −2 in urban areas. Positive ARF at the top of the atmosphere at the Huimin suburban site was found to be different from others as a result of the high surface albedo due to snow cover.
Thermohaline Oscillations in the LSG OGCM: Propagating Anomalies and Sensitivity to Parameterizations

Abstract New experiments are reported that extend previous studies of the internally generated variability found when the Hamburg LSG Ocean General Circulation Model is integrated under mixed boundary conditions. All model integrations have stochastic forcing added to the freshwater flux to excite the variability. It is demonstrated that the salinity anomalies that propagate around the meridional circulation of the Atlantic Ocean are merely signals emitted from the source of the variability in the Southern Ocean; they do not play an active role in its generation. It is the Southern Ocean flip–flop oscillator, as suggested by a previous study, that is the driving mechanism of the 320-yr period oscillations. A second mode of propagation is identified that may be related to the periodicity of the oscillations: westward propagation of upper-ocean salinity anomalies around the coast of Antarctica. It is shown that this mode is driven by the same density-upwelling wave motion as reported elsewhere in the litera.
DESIGN INNOVATION, INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE

Computer-Aided Design (CAD) constitutes an important tool for industrial designers. Similarly, Virtual Reality (VR) has the capability to revolutionize how designers work with its increased sense of scale and perspective. However, existing VR CAD applications are limited in terms of functionality and intuitive control. Based on a comparison of VR CAD applications, ImPro, a new application for immersive prototyping for industrial designers was developed. The user evaluations and comparisons show that ImPro offers increased usability, functionality, and suitability for industrial designers.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Population genetic structure of the Staphylococcus intermedius group: Insights into agr diversification and the emergence of methicillin-resistant strains

The population genetic structure of the animal pathogen Staphylococcus intermedius is poorly understood. We carried out a multilocus sequence phylogenetic analysis of isolates from broad host and geographic origins to investigate inter-and intraspecies diversity. We found that isolates phenotypically identiﬁed as S. intermedius are differentiated into three closely related species, S. intermedius , Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
Fabry-P´erot Interferometry at the ν = 2 = 5 Fractional Quantum Hall State

Electronic Fabry-P´erot interferometry is a powerful method to probe quasiparticle charge and anyonic braiding statistics in the fractional quantum Hall regime. We extend this technique to the hierarchy ν ¼ 2 = 5 fractional quantum Hall state, possessing two edge modes that in our device can be interfered independently. The outeredgemode exhibits interferencesimilar tothe behaviorobservedatthe ν ¼ 1 = 3 state, indicating that the outer edge mode at ν ¼ 2 = 5 has properties similar to the single mode at ν ¼ 1 = 3 . The inner mode shows an oscillation pattern with a series of discrete phase jumps indicative of distinct anyonic braiding statistics. After taking into account the impact of bulk-edge coupling, we extract an interfering quasiparticle charge e (cid:2) ¼ 0 . 17 (cid:3) 0 . 02 andanyonicbraidingphase θ a ¼ ð − 0 . 43 (cid:3) 0 . 05 Þ × 2 π ,whichserveasexperimental verification of the theoretically predicted values of e (cid:2) ¼ 15 and θ a ¼ − ð 4 π = 5 Þ .
The Effect of Stream Restoration on Turtle Species Assemblages in the Piedmont Region of North Carolina, USA

In response to the negative impact of urban and agricultural development on freshwater systems, stream restoration efforts often attempt to return degraded streams to a natural ecosystem structure and function. However, few attempts have been made to monitor the effectiveness of restored streams in supporting certain important groups of organisms found in native aquatic ecosystems, such as freshwater turtles. The purpose of this study was to compare six natural and six restored streams in the North Carolina Piedmont by quantifying habitat characteristics that might drive differences in turtle assemblages and by directly capturing turtles at each site. Stream habitat was characterized by water quality analyses, structural measurements of each stream (width, depth, etc.) and floodplain vegetation surveys. Three baited hoop nets were set at each location for a total of 36 trap-nights at each stream, which were used to collect turtle population data from mid-May to late July 2009. In total 77 turtles were captured comprising eight species. At the natural sites, 24 turtles were captured representing five species (C. picta, C. serpentina, P. floridana, S. odoratus, and T. scripta scripta), while 53 turtles were captured at the restored sites representing seven species (C. guttata, C. picta, C. serpentina, K. subrubrum, S. odoratus, T. scripta elegans and T. scripta scripta). Modified t-tests, based on randomized permutation tests, suggest that natural and restored sites differ in turtle abundance (p=0.13), but are not different in species richness (p>0.99) or gender ratios (p=0.80). A species community index suggests that natural and restored turtle assemblages overlap by 50%. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) analyses of habitat characteristics indicate that natural and restored streams differ in channel structure, vegetation, and some water quality variables. Using Mantel's test to compare turtle species composition with the most important variables separating natural and restored streams, canopy, slope, total phosphorus, chlorophyll A, and abundance of Juncus effuses were found to be most strongly correlated with patterns in turtle assemblage composition. This is one of the first studies to address the possible impact of stream restoration on turtle assemblages, and the findings suggest that restored streams may be better habitat for turtles in the Piedmont of North Carolina.
(2021). Electronic collection of patient-reported outcomes following discharge after surgery: systematic review. BJS Open, 5(2),

Background: Little is known about the electronic collection and clinical feedback of patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) following surgical discharge. This systematic review summarized the evidence on the collection and uses of electronic systems to collect PROs after discharge from hospital after surgery. Method: Systematic searches of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane Central were undertaken from database inception to July 2019 using terms for ‘patient reported outcomes’, ‘electronic’, ‘surgery’ and ‘at home’. Primary research of all study designs was included if they used electronic systems to collect PRO data in adults after hospital discharge following surgery. Data were collected on the settings, patient groups and specialties, ePRO systems (including features and functions), PRO data collected, and integration with health records. Results: Fourteen studies were included from 9474 records, including two RCTs and six orthopaedic surgery studies. Most studies (9 of 14) used commercial ePRO systems. Six reported types of electronic device were used: tablets or other portable devices (3 studies), smartphones (2), combination of smartphones, tablets, portable devices and computers (1). Systems had limited features and functions such as real-time clinical feedback (6 studies) and messaging service for patients with care teams (3). No study described ePRO system integration with electronic health records to support clinical feedback. Conclusion: There is limited reporting of ePRO systems in the surgical literature, and ePRO systems lack integration with hospital clinical systems. Future research should describe the ePRO system and ePRO questionnaires used, and challenges encountered
The Inﬂuence of Physical Load on Dynamic Postural Control—A Systematic Replication Study

: Dynamic postural control is challenged during many actions in sport such as when landing or cutting. A decrease of dynamic postural control is one possible risk factor for non-contact injuries. Moreover, these injuries mainly occur under loading conditions. Hence, to assess an athlete’s injury risk properly, it is essential to know how dynamic postural control is inﬂuenced by physical load. Therefore, the study’s objective was to examine the inﬂuence of maximal anaerobic load on dynamic postural control. Sixty-four sport students (32 males and 32 females, age: 24.11 ± 2.42, height: 175.53 ± 8.17 cm, weight: 67.16 ± 10.08 kg) were tested with the Y-Balance Test before and after a Wingate Anaerobic Test on a bicycle ergometer. In both legs, reach distances (anterior) and composite scores were statistically signiﬁcantly reduced immediately after the loading protocol. The values almost returned to pre-load levels in about 20 min post-load. Overall, ﬁndings indicate an acute negative e ﬀ ect of load on dynamic postural control and a higher potential injury risk during a period of about 20 min post-load. To assess an athlete’s sports-speciﬁc injury risk, we recommend testing dynamic postural control under loaded conditions.
Salvage surgery after combination immunotherapy for initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A retrospective clinical study

Background: Combination immunotherapy have gradually become the mainstay of systematic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, prescribing immunotherapies perioperatively has the potential to reduce tumor activity, while increasing the resection rate and improving prognoses. This study investigated the e�cacy and safety of preoperative combined immunotherapies for patients with initially unresectable HCC. Methods:This retrospective, real-world study involved patients with initially unresectable HCC receiving combined immunotherapies based on PD-1/L1 blockade before surgery. Tumor treatment responses, pathological manifestations in postoperative specimens and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. Treatment related adverse events (AEs) were assessed according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE, version 4.0). Results: The study consecutively included 54 initially unresectable HCC patients and 34 patients were evaluated the safety, e�cacy and possibility of subsequent radical surgery. Among these patients with surgical resection, 57.1% (n=8) receiving combination immunotherapy before surgery achieved a partial response (PR), which highlighted a 30% reduction in tumor size. Pathological evaluation of postoperative specimens con�rmed that 21.4% (n=3) achieved complete responses. 78.6% (n=11) achieved partial responses. 28.6% (n=4) encountered grade 3 or 4 AEs out of 14 patients. The main AEs included fatigue (n=11; 78.6%), leukocytopenia (n=8; 57.1%,) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevation (n=6; 42.9%). Conclusions: After the application of combination immunotherapy, patients should be comprehensively evaluated whether they meet the criteria for surgical resection. This surgical resection following by combination immunotherapy might effectively control tumor progression and could improve the prognosis at least for some patients with initially unresectable HCC.
Data Mining Mining Data: MSHA Enforcement Efforts, Data Mining Mining Data: MSHA Enforcement Efforts, Underground Coal Mine Safety, and New Health Policy Underground Coal Mine Safety, and New Health Policy Implications Implications

Studies of industrial safety regulations, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in particular, often find little effect on worker safety. Critics of the regulatory approach argue that safety standards have little to do with industrial injuries, and defenders of the regulatory approach cite infrequent inspections and low penalties for violating safety standards. We use recently assembled data from the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) concerning underground coal mine production, safety regulatory activities, and workplace injuries to shed new light on the regulatory approach to workplace safety. Because all underground coal mines are inspected at least once per quarter, MSHA regulations will not be ineffective because of infrequent inspections. We estimate over 200 different specifications of dynamic mine safety production functions, including ones using deliberately upward biased estimators, and cherry pick the most favorable mine safety effect estimates. Although most estimates are of insignificant MSHA effects, we select the single regression specification producing the most favorable MSHA impact from the agency viewpoint, which we then use in a policy evaluation. We address the question of whether it would be cost-effective to move some of MSHA’s enforcement budget into alternative programs that could also improve the health of the typical miner. Even using cherry picked results most favorable to the agency, MSHA is not cost effective at its current levels. Even though MSHA is a small program when judged against others like OSHA and EPA, MSHA’s targeted public health objective could be much better served (almost 700,000 life years gained on balance for typical miners) if a quarter of MSHA’s enforcement budget were reallocated to other programs such as more heart disease screening or defibrillators at worksites.
Geodetic surveying as part of archaeological research in Sudan

Surveying is an important part of any archaeological research. In this paper we focus on the archaeological research in north Sudan (6 th Nile cataract) and the surveying methods applicable under the local conditions. Surveying in the Third World countries is affected by the political situation (limited import of surveying tools), local conditions (lack of fixed points, GNSS correction signal), inaccessible basemaps and fixed point network. This article describes the methods and results obtained during the three archaeological seasons (2011-2014). The classical surveying methods were combined with KAP (Kite Aerial Photography) to obtain the desired results in form of archaeological maps, detailed orthophoto images and other analyses results.
RF Performance of Large Germanium Telluride Switches for Power Application

This paper reports the integration and characterization of germanium telluride (GeTe) phase-change material (PCM)-based RF switches in series configuration with a 89 μm wide PCM element to address sub-6G power handling requirements. Switching conditions using indirect heating, as well as small-and large-signal measurements are performed in this work. Devices handle power up to 37 dBm and 29 dBm respectively in ON-and OFF-state at 915 MHz. These results estimate for the first time the performances of such wide GeTe switches compatible with cellular applications and investigate technological improvement guidelines.
Room- and low-temperature magnetic properties of 2-D magnetite particle arrays

SUMMARY Palaeomagnetic observations are being used in increasingly sophisticated geological and geophysical interpretations. It is therefore important to test the theories behind palaeomagnetic recording by rocks, and this can only be achieved using samples containing precisely controlled magnetic mineralogy, grain size and interparticle spacing, the last of which controls the degree of magnetostatic interactions within the samples. Here we report the room- and low temperature magnetic behaviour of a set of samples produced by the nano-scale patterning technique electron beam lithography. The samples consist of 2-D arrays of near-identical magnetite dots of various sizes, geometries and spatial configurations, with dot sizes from ranging from near the single domain threshold of 74–333 nm. We have made a series of magnetic measurements including hysteresis, first-order-reversal curve measurements and remanence acquisition, many as a function of temperature between 20 and 300 K, to quantify the samples’ behaviour to routine palaeomagnetic measurement procedures. We have also examined the behaviour of saturation isothermal remanences (SIRM) to cooling and warming cycling of the sample below room temperature. In addition, we investigated the samples’ responses to alternating-field demagnetization of room temperature induced SIRM, anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) and partial ARM. ARM was used as a non-heating analogue for natural thermoremanence. Given the 2-D spatial distribution of the samples, in all the experiments we conducted both in-plane and out-of-plane measurements. Generally, the samples were found to display pseudo-single-domain hysteresis characteristics, but were found to be reliable recorders of weak-field remanences like ARM. For the closely packed samples, the samples’ magnetic response was highly dependent on measurement orientation.
The Empirical Study of the Effect of Corporate Governance on earnings management based on FTSE350, UK

While the interests of shareholders contradict with the interests of the managers, agency problem appears. However, the principle of the agency theory is to establish the relationship between the shareholders and managers; and this paper relies on the involvement of corporate governance who can resolve the issues between earnings management and the underlying causes. The main aim of this study is to identify the impact of corporate governance on controlling the discretionary accruals based on the FTSE350 by considering the performance matched discretionary accruals model. It has considered the OLS regression model and tested the hypotheses. The findings of this paper reveal the mixed results as board independence, the presence of female in the board, non-executive director’s fees and block holder have significant impact whereas board size and board meeting do not have significant impacts on controlling discretionary accruals.
Exploring Finite-Time Singularities and Onsager’s Conjecture with Endpoint Regularity in the Periodic Navier Stokes Equations

-It has recently been proposed by the author of the present work that the periodic NS equations (PNS) with high energy assumption can breakdown in finite time but with sufficient low energy scaling the equations may not exhibit finite time blowup. This article gives a general model using specific periodic special functions, that is degenerate elliptic Weierstrass P functions whose presence in the governing equations through the forcing terms simplify the PNS equations at the centers of cells of the 3-Torus. Satisfying a divergence free vector field and periodic boundary conditions respectively with a general spatio-temporal forcing term which is smooth and spatially periodic, the existence of solutions which blowup in finite time for PNS can occur starting with the first derivative and higher with respect to time. P. Isett (2016) has shown that the conservation of energy fails for the 3D incompressible Euler flows with H lder regularity below 1/3. (Onsager’s second conjecture) The endpoint regularity in Onsager’s conjecture is addressed, and it is found that conservation of energy occurs when the H lder regularity is exactly 1/3. The endpoint regularity problem has important connections with turbulence theory. Finally very recent developed new governing equations of fluid mechanics are proposed to have no finite time singularities.
Effect of C Replacement on Magnetic Properties and Nanostructure of FePt-Nitride Granular Film for HAMR Media

The effect of adding carbon (C) grain boundary material (GBM) on magnetic properties and nanostructure of FePt-nitride granular films with various nitrides is reported. The saturation magnetization of FePt-nitride-C granular films shows a similar tendency with that of FePt-nitride granular films which varies almost linearly against volume averaged melting point (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${T} _{m}^{\text {ave}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of the GBM. The values of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and degree of order of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{L}1_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-FePt phase for all FePt-nitride granular films are enhanced and the amount of magnetic grains with the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-axis parallel to the film plane is reduced when nitride is partially replaced with C. Furthermore, by replacing nitride with C, the grain-to-grain separation is promoted significantly. When the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${T} _{m}^{\text {ave}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of the GBM increases from around 2500 °C to 3500 °C, in general, the average cluster diameter (CD) and cluster boundary (CB) decrease from around 13 to 9 nm and from 12 to 5 nm, respectively. Considering of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${T} _{m}^{\text {ave}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of the GBM, these results suggest that the GBM with high <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${T} _{m}^{\text {ave}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> will solidify prior to FePt which acts as the nucleation site to reduce the CD, which is similar to CoPt-based alloy granular films.