Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Free and Modified Mycotoxins in Organic and Conventional Oats (Avena sativa L.) Grown in Scotland

Small grain cereals are frequently infected with mycotoxigenic Fusarium fungi. Oats have a particularly high risk of contamination with type A trichothecene mycotoxins; their glucoside conjugates have also been reported. Agronomy practices, cereal variety and weather conditions have been suggested to play a role in Fusarium infection in oats. The current study investigates concentrations of free and conjugated Fusarium mycotoxins in organic and conventional oats grown in Scotland. In 2019, 33 milling oat samples (12 organic, 21 conventional) were collected from farmers across Scotland, together with sample questionnaires. Samples were analysed for 12 mycotoxins (type A trichothecenes T-2-toxin, HT-2-toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol; type B trichothecenes deoxynivalenol, nivalenol; zearalenone and their respective glucosides) using LC-MS/MS. The prevalence of type A trichothecenes T-2/HT-2 was very high (100% of conventional oats, 83% of organic oats), whereas type B trichothecenes were less prevalent, and zearalenone was rarely found. T-2-glucoside and deoxynivalenol-glucoside were the most prevalent conjugated mycotoxins (36 and 33%), and co-occurrence between type A and B trichothecenes were frequently observed (66% of samples). Organic oats were contaminated at significantly lower average concentrations than conventional oats, whereas the effect of weather parameters were not statistically significant. Our results clearly indicate that free and conjugated T-2- and HT-2-toxins pose a major risk to Scottish oat production and that organic production and crop rotation offer potential mitigation strategies.
Optimization of Tensile Strength in the Paper Material Cutting Process Based on CO2 Laser Process Parameters

This paper examines the impact of the CO2 laser parameters on the tensile strength, which is one of the most important properties of paper packaging in the process of cutting paper material. The study was performed on a paper material sample Fbb Board/Ningbo Spark C1S Ivory Board by examination of the influence of four independent variables: paper material grammage, cutting speed, laser power, and resolution on the tensile strength by using definitive screening design. Optimum process conditions of four variables that maximize the tensile strength were predicted and validated accordingly. Results confirm that laser power, paper material grammage, and cutting speed are the main process parameters that mostly affect the tensile strength. Besides individual parameters, two statistically significant interactions were obtained: laser power and cutting speed, and cutting speed and laser resolution. Maximum tensile strength values (20.37 N/mm) were achieved using the laser power of 60.6%, cutting speed of 3.24%, resolution of 2500 Hz, and a paper material grammage of 326.85 g/m2. With laser power at middle values and at a lower speed, a maximum tensile strength value can be obtained. Increasing the laser power and cutting speed will produce a slight lowering of tensile strength.
Micelle encapsulation zinc‐doped copper oxide nanocomposites reverse Olaparib resistance in ovarian cancer by disrupting homologous recombination repair

Abstract Micelle Encapsulation Zinc‐doped copper oxide nanocomposites (MEnZn‐CuO NPs) is a novel doped metal nanomaterial prepared by our group based on Zinc doped copper oxide nanocomposites (Zn‐CuO NPs) using non‐micellar beam. Compared with Zn‐CuO NPs, MEnZn‐CuO NPs have uniform nanoproperties and high stability. In this study, we explored the anticancer effects of MEnZn‐CuO NPs on human ovarian cancer cells. In addition to affecting cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis and autophagy, MEnZn‐CuO NPs have a greater potential for clinical application by inducing HR repair defects in ovarian cancer cells in combination with poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitors for lethal effects.
Updates to the AMUR code for R-matrix analyses on heavy nuclei

The AMUR code, that had been initially designed for R-matrix analysis on light nuclei, was updated to perform resonance analyses on heavy nuclei by including approximated theories with experimental corrections such as resolution function. As a feasibility study, we tested these updates by performing a covariance analysis on J-PARC/ANNRI measured data for n+93Nb reactions. In this work we present preliminary results obtained from the fitting procedure including both R-matrix resonance parameters and parameters related to the experimental corrections. We also discuss about physical constraint from the theory for forthcoming in-depth analysis to the measurements.
The large-scale structure of the universe: Turbulence, intermittency, structures in a self-gravitating medium

The density distribution arising at the nonlinear stage of gravitational instability is similar to intermittency phenomena in acoustic turbulence. Initially small-amplitude density fluctuations of Gaussian type transform into thin dense pancakes, filaments, and compact clumps of matter. It is perhaps surprising that the motion of self-gravitating matter in the expanding universe is like that of noninteracting matter moving by inertia. A similar process is the distribution of light reflected or refracted from rippled water. The similarity of gravitational instability to acoustic turbulence is highlighted by the fact that late nonlinear stages of density perturbation growth can be described by the Burgers equation, which is well known in the theory of turbulence. The phenomena discussed in this article are closely related to the problem of the formation of large-scale structure of the universe, which is also discussed.
Orientation and position-controlled block copolymer nanolithography for bit-patterned media

Bit-patterned media (BPM) is a candidate for high-density magnetic recording media. Directed self-assembly (DSA) is expected to be a solution for the fabrication process of high-density BPM. A BPM with 20 nm-pitch dot pattern is fabricated. A 100 nm-pitch triangle lattice dot pattern, which is fabricated by EB lithography, is used as a guide post to order PS-PDMS self-assembled diblock co-polymer with 20 nm pitch. Dot-pitch fluctuation and linearity of pseudo dot tracks are estimated. The standard deviation of the dot-pitch variation including the post guide is 8% of the self-assembled dot pitch. The dot-position deviation is estimated to be about 8% of the pseudo dot track pitch. In both cases, variation of the size and pitch of the post guides is found to increase the dot-pitch fluctuation and dot-position deviation from pseudo dot-track.
EXPLORATORY SCREENING OF GENES AND CLUSTERS FROM MICROARRAY EXPERIMENTS

Abstract: We discuss a method called “cluster scoring” for supervised learningfrom a set of gene expression experiments. Cluster scoring generalizes methodsthat rank individual genes based on their correlation with an outcome measure.It begins with a clustering of the genes, for example from hierarchical clustering,and then computes outcome scores both for individual genes and the average geneexpression for each of the clusters. A permutation method is used to identify thesigniﬁcant subset of these scores. We illustrate the method on both simulated data,and data from a study of lymphoma. Key words and phrases: Clustering, microarrays, supervised learning. 1. BackgroundIn this paper we present a method for “supervised learning” from gene ex-pression data. As our starting point, we have gene expression data from a collec-tion of experimental samples, each hybridized to a micro-array— either cDNAor oligo arrays. Brown and Botstein (1999) and Dudoit, Yang, Callow and Speed(2000) contain useful background information on microarrays.We denote the expression values by
Monte Carlo simulation of fast secondary electron production in electron beam resists

Monte Carlo calculations of fast secondary electron production have been performed with a hybrid model for the discrete and continuous energy‐loss processes. The Moller theory was adopted for the differential inelastic scattering cross‐section which determines the production rate of fast secondary electrons. The calculations were made for both a bulk polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) sample and 4000‐A‐thin films of PMMA (with and without a silicon substrate) at 10 and 20 keV. The new model is discussed and comparison made with results obtained from the old model, which is based on the continuous slowing down approximation of Bethe for energy loss and the screened Rutherford equation for elastic angular scattering. The new model predicts a larger absorbed energy density than the old model for an isolated line source exposure on a resist film. The consequences of this fast secondary electron contribution on the ultimate limit in electron lithography is discussed.
Extremely Low-Profile Dual-Band Antenna Based on Single-Layer Square Microstrip Patch for 5G Mobile Application

This letter presents an extremely low-profile dual-band antenna based on a single-layer square microstrip patch for 5G mobile application. The antenna has a height of only 0.8 mm (about 0.009<italic>λ<sub>L</sub></italic> at 3.45 GHz) and a footprint of 30 × 30 mm<sup>2</sup> (0.345 × 0.345<italic>λ<sub>L</sub></italic><sup>2</sup>). The TM<sub>10</sub> mode at around 3.56 GHz and the TM<sub>11</sub> mode at around 4.91 GHz for the antenna are obtained by etching a pair of symmetrical circular notches and a narrow rectangular slot on the square patch. The TM<sub>1/2,0</sub> mode at around 3.45 GHz and the TM<sub>1/2,1</sub> mode at around 4.83 GHz of the antenna are generated by further placing two two-order matrix-style shorting pins. The combination of the four modes can overcome the effect of insufficient bandwidth due to the very low profile, resulting in 3.4–3.6 GHz (partial 5G N78 band) and 4.79–4.94 GHz (partial 5G N79 band) dual-band operation. The measured results are also presented.
Bayesian Methods for Repeated Measures

Introduction to the Analysis of Repeated Measures Introduction Bayesian Inference Bayes's Theorem Prior Information Posterior Information Posterior Inference Estimation Testing Hypotheses Predictive Inference The Binomial Forecasting from a Normal Population Checking Model Assumptions Sampling from an Exponential, but Assuming a Normal Population Poisson Population Measuring Tumor Size Testing the Multinomial Assumption Computing Example of a Cross-Sectional Study Markov Chain Monte Carlo Metropolis Algorithm Gibbs Sampling Common Mean of Normal Populations An Example Additional Comments about Bayesian Inference WinBUGS Preview Exercises Review of Bayesian Regression Methods Introduction Logistic Regression Linear Regression Models Weighted Regression Nonlinear Regression Repeated Measures Model Remarks about Review of Regression Exercises Foundation and Preliminary Concepts Introduction An Example Notation Descriptive Statistics Graphics Sources of Variation Bayesian Inference Summary Statistics Another Example Basic Ideas for Categorical Variables Summary Exercises Linear Models for Repeated Measures and Bayesian Inference Introduction Notation for Linear Models Modeling the Mean Modeling the Covariance Matrix Historical Approaches Bayesian Inference Another Example Summary and Conclusions Exercises Estimating the Mean Profile of Repeated Measures Introduction Polynomials for Fitting the Mean Profile Modeling the Mean Profile for Discrete Observations Examples Conclusions and Summary Exercises Correlation Patterns for Repeated Measures Introduction Patterns for Correlation Matrices Choosing a Pattern for the Covariance Matrix More Examples Comments and Conclusions Exercises General Mixed Linear Model Introduction and Definition of the Model Interpretation of the Model General Linear Mixed Model Notation Pattern of the Covariance Matrix Bayesian Approach Examples Diagnostic Procedures for Repeated Measures Comments and Conclusions Exercises Repeated Measures for Categorical Data Introduction to the Bayesian Analysis with a Dirichlet Posterior Distribution Bayesian GEE Generalized Mixed Linear Models for Categorical Data Comments and Conclusions Exercises Nonlinear Models and Repeated Measures Nonlinear Models and a Continuous Response Nonlinear Repeated Measures with Categorical Data Comments and Conclusion Exercises Bayesian Techniques for Missing Data Introduction Missing Data and Linear Models of Repeated Measures Missing Data and Categorical Repeated Measures Comments and Conclusions Exercises References
Power-factor improvement in cage-rotor induction motors

Rotating-field theory is used to develop a generalised expression for a cage induction motor with any stator winding connection and any supply configuration. This expression is shown to indicate that a cage induction motor will always draw positive VArs from the supply. The possibility of improving the power factor by means of stator-excited harmonic fields is examined, and the theoretical possibility of using subharmonic fields for this purpose is discussed.
Understanding the Role of Social Networking Sites in Political Marketing

Today social networking sites (SNS) are one of the most popular and extensively used platforms. These SNSs are now acting as a strong medium of social expression and are changing the way people are acting and reacting to the information flow on these sites. Therefore, in this context, the current study tries to identify how SNS engagement of the people is affecting their online political participation and further how it impacts their rational political decision-making strategy. The resource model of political participation and the social exchange theory are undertaken as a guiding theoretical framework of this study. Survey method was used to collect data from university students across the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir. PLS SEM has been used for data analysis. The paper concludes by putting up the major findings of the study along with theoretical and practical implications.
M-giant star candidates identified in LAMOST DR 1

We perform a discrimination procedure with the spectral index diagram of TiO5 and CaH2+CaH3 to separate M giants from M dwarfs. Using the M giant spectra identified from LAMOST DR1 with high signal-to-noise ratio, we have successfully assembled a set of M giant templates, which show more reliable spectral features. Combining with the M dwarf/subdwarf templates in Zhong et al., we present an extended library of M-type templates which includes not only M dwarfs with a well-defined temperature and metallicity grid but also M giants with subtypes from M0 to M6. Then, the template-fitting algorithm is used to automatically identify and classify M giant stars from LAMOST DR1. The resulting catalog of M giant stars is cross-matched with 2MASS JHKs and WISE W1/W2 infrared photometry. In addition, we calculated the heliocentric radial velocity of all M giant stars by using the cross-correlation method with the template spectrum in a zero-velocity rest frame. Using the relationship between the absolute infrared magnitude MJ and our classified spectroscopic subtype, we derived the spectroscopic distance of M giants with uncertainties of about 40%. A catalog of 8639 M giants is provided. As an additional result of this analysis, we also present a catalog of 101 690 M dwarfs/subdwarfs which are processed by our classification pipeline.
The Logic of Reliable Inquiry

Introduction 1. Reliable Inquiry 2. The Demons of Passive Observation 3. Topology and Ideal Hypothesis Assessment 4. Continuity, Reducibility, and the Game of Science 5. The Demons of Computability 6. Computers in Search of Truth 7. So Much Time, Such Little Brains 8. The Logic of Ideal Discovery 9. Computerized Discobvery 10. Prediction 11. The Assessment and Discovery of First-order Theories 12. Probability and Reliability 13. Experiment and Causal Inference 14. Relativism and Reliability
Flux‐gradient relationships for momentum and heat over a rough natural surface

The flux-gradient relationships for momentum and heat have been investigated over extensive flat bushland (h = 2.3 m, zo = 0.4 m) with observations being made at several levels extending up to 10 times the canopy height. It has been found that: (1) Eddy diffusivities for momentum and heat, KH and KM, are enhanced by factors of 1.65 and 2.5 respectively under near-neutral conditions and within the layer close to the canopy. (2) These enhancements distinctly depend on instability, and their variations with height are not simply monotonic, as expected in earlier investigations. (3) Even a counter-gradient flux of heat could occur under some circumstances. (4) The level of enhancement remains substantially unchanged over different surfaces for heat transfer but decreases as the canopy density increases in the case of momentum transfer. Possible mechanisms are discussed. (5) The length scale of atmospheric turbulence should be taken into account in studies of turbulent transfer over very rough surfaces, where the large-scale eddies may have a key role.
A numerical stable algorithm for constructing constrained Delaunay triangulation and application to multichip module layout

Presents some characteristics of constrained Delaunay triangulation and introduces a numerically stable algorithm for incrementally constructing constrained Delaunay triangulation. This algorithm produces constrained Delaunay triangulation at each step. It builds Delaunay triangulation in O(N/sup 2/) time in the worst case. However, its average case performance is O(NlogN). Since the algorithm mainly uses the circle criterion, it arises the precision problem, such as whether a point is inside, outside or exactly on a circle. The authors present a method to conceptually avoid the numerical errors. The experimental results are shown in this paper. <<ETX>>
Point cloud denoising with adaptive graph convolution

Point cloud denoising is a key aspect of current point cloud data processing. Existing deep learning-based denoising methods rely on local feature information obtained from noisy point clouds as the basis for point displacement. However, in the presence of noise, the local features of points usually cannot accurately represent the underlying surface of the point cloud. We propose a new deep learning-based denoising method using the graph convolution operator, which can compute feature aggregation weights adaptively based on feature vectors to achieve hierarchical distinction between noise and the underlying surface. Meanwhile, in order to alleviate the phenomenon that the predicted gradient fluctuates more drastically during the iterative process, we introduce the momentum rise method in the gradient iteration process to improve the stability of the solution. We evaluated our approach on both toy datasets and real world datasets. Under different types and levels of noise disturbances, our method has better results compared to other models.
Laser Frequency Chirping With Silicon Photonic Circuit Comprising an IQ Modulator and a III-V/Si SOA

We report on the performance of a silicon photonic integrated circuit for laser frequency chirping, developed for FMCW LIDAR applications. An external laser source is fiber coupled to the photonic circuit and frequency chirping is achieved with a silicon IQ modulator and a monolithically integrated III-V/Si semiconductor optical amplifier to compensate for IQ modulator losses. A chirp distortion of 1.8% over 5% to 95% of the chirp ramp period was measured with a delayed self-heterodyne interferometric method. The high chirp linearity of our circuit is confirmed by FMCW ranging measurements using 2–18 m long fiber delay lines. The resulting beat frequency follows a linear dependency with the fiber delay line length ( $\text{R}^{2}=0.999$ ).
History and development of the discursive logic

In 1948, Stanis aw Ja kowski defined a logical system D2 of a discursive 1 sentential calculus. The aim of this paper is to introduce the reader to the basic ideas of the discursive logic and to show, in a historical perspective, its development originating from the two germ papers [19] and [20]. We intend to present some problems connected with it and outline the solutions they have received up to the present day.
Genetic diversity management of sculpin (Cottus spp.) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve

Protected areas can make an important contribution to the conservation of genetic diversity in the current biodiversity crisis. We have examined two representative freshwater fish taxa, Cottus spp. and Salmo trutta, in 15 midmountain headwaters of the Franco-German Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve in Central Europe to facilitate freshwater genetic diversity protection. Population genetic analyses of microsatellites and mtDNA showed lower genetic diversity, but distinctly differentiated genetic structure in Cottus spp. , and higher diversity, but less differentiated structure in Salmo trutta. Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA designated most sculpin to Cottus gobio, but also identified the first known population of Cottus rhenanus in the region. In addition to species-specific recommendations, we derived stream-specific guidance in an attempt to make optimal use of the combined genetic information on both taxa for habitat-oriented management prioritization and improved conservation of freshwater genetic diversity.
Evolution of electron current sheets in collisionless magnetic reconnection

An electron current sheet embedded in an ion scale current sheet is an inherent feature of collisionless magnetic reconnection. Such thin electron current sheets are unstable to tearing mode and produce secondary magnetic islands modulating the reconnection rate. In this work, 2-D evolution of tearing mode at multiple reconnection sites in an electron current sheet is studied using electron-magnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) model. It is shown that growth of the perturbations can make reconnection impulsive by suddenly enhancing the reconnection rate and also forms new structures in the presence of multiple reconnection sites, one of which is dominant and others are secondary. The rise of the reconnection rate to a peak value and the time to reach the peak value due to tearing instability are similar to those observed in particle-in-cell simulations for similar thicknesses of the electron current sheet. The peak reconnection rate scales as 0.05/ϵ1. 15, where ϵ is half thickness of the current sheet. Interactions o.