Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From Professional Preparation to On-the-Job Development: What Do Beginning Principals Need?.

Wyoming principals were surveyed regarding their perceptions of the strengths and de cits of their preparation program, their professional development needs as beginning principals, and the areas in which their districts o er professional development. Findings indicated much variation in perceptions of preparation program strengths and de cits. The internship was viewed as valuable in providing experience of day-to-day school administration; however, time commitment and nancial burdens were of concern. While districts provide adequate professional development in instructional leadership and using data to inform decisions for beginning principals, development needs in the areas of communication, relationship building, and con ict resolution were not provided by districts. note: This manuscript has been peer-reviewed, accepted, and endorsed by the National Council of Professors of Educational Administration (NCPEA) as a signi cant contribution to the scholarship and practice of education administration. In addition to publication in the Connexions Content Commons, this module is published in the International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, Volume 6, Number 3 (July September, 2011), ISSN 2155-9635. Formatted and edited in Connexions by Theodore Creighton and Brad Bizzell, Virginia Tech and Janet Tareilo, Stephen F. Austin State University. ∗Version 1.3: Aug 26, 2011 1:04 pm GMT-5 †http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ http://www.ncpeapublications. org http://cnx.org/content/m40890/1.3/ Connexions module: m40890 2 1 Sumario en espanol Los directores de Wyoming fueron inspeccionados con respecto a sus percepciones de las fuerzas y de cit de su programa de preparacion, su desarrollo profesional necesita como empezando a directores, y las areas en los que sus distritos ofrecen el desarrollo profesional. Las conclusiones indicaron mucha variacion en percepciones de fuerzas de programa de preparacion y de cit. El puestos de interno fue visto como valioso en proporcionar experiencia de la administracion diaria de la escuela; sin embargo, compromiso de tiempo y cargas nancieros fueron de preocupacion. Mientras distritos proporcionan el desarrollo profesional adecuado en el liderazgo instruccionales y utilizar los datos para informar las decisiones para empezar a directores, el desarrollo necesita en las areas de comunicacion, edi cio de relacion, y resolucion de con icto no fueron proporcionados por distritos. note: Esta es una traduccion por computadora de la pagina web original. Se suministra como informacion general y no debe considerarse completa ni exacta.
Abolition of Pell Grants for Higher Education of Prisoners

Abstract Rehabilitative and reintegrative correctional philosophies see prison inmate college education as an effective approach to reduction of offender recidivism rate. The provision of prison-based college education Pell Grants by Congress were part and parcel of these correctional philosophies. This study critically and rigorously examines the history and the politics that led to the abolition of Pell Grants for prison inmates' college education in the United States of America. The elimination of Pell Grants for prison inmates' post-secondary correctional education is not without profound consequences that are too important and too costly to ignore. In this analysis, adequate efforts are made to discuss the profound consequences that occurred as a result of the abolition of Pell Grants for prison inmates' college education.
What the human face tells the human mind: some challenges for the robot-human interface

The human face serves a variety of different communicative functions in social interaction. The face mediates person identification, the perception of emotional expressions and lipreading. Perceiving the direction of social attention, and facial attractiveness, also affect interpersonal behaviour. This paper reviews these different uses made of facial information, and considers their computational demands. The possible link between the perception of faces and deeper levels of social understanding is emphasised through a discussion of developmental deficits affecting social cognition. Finally, the implications for the development of communication between robots and humans is discussed. It is concluded that it could be useful both for robots to understand human faces, and also to display human-like facial gestures themselves. <<ETX>>
Recipient humoral immunity against leukoreduced allogeneic platelets is suppressed by aminoguanidine, a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase.

Leukoreduced allogeneic platelet transfusions have been previously shown to initially stimulate an in vitro cellular cytotoxicity and subsequently Induce the formation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antidonor alloantibodies. To further characterize these responses and determine if they are related, recipient BALB/c H-2d mice were treated with aminoguanidine (AMG), a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and transfused weekly with 2 x 10(8) C57BL/6 H2b platelets. In control, non-AMG-treated mice, transfusion significantly (P < .01) increased serum levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by day 1 posttransfusion (PT). IFN-gamma returned to pretransfusion levels by day 3 PT, and its production was not affected by AMG treatment. Serum interleukin-4 (IL-4), on the other hand, was undetectable before and during the transfusion protocol. By day 3 PT, recipient spleen cells could mediate in vitro anti-P815 (auto), anti-EL4 (allo), and anti-R1.1 (third-party MHC) cytotoxicity, and these responses were maximal by day 7 PT. Concurrently, a significant reduction in the vitro ability of recipient splenocytes to respond to Concanavalin A (ConA) was observed; this was not seen with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Elevated levels of NO2- were found in the ConA culture supernatants from transfused mice at day 3 PT. Serum antidonor alloantibodies were detected by the fifth platelet transfusion. AMG treatment of recipient mice significantly inhibited the transfusion. Induced cytotoxicity and ConA-stimulated NO2- production, and restored ConA-induced proliferation to normal levels. AMG appeared to selectively inhibit platelet-induced alloantibody production in that it did not affect antibody production induced by transfusions with 10(5) allogeneic leukocytes or by immunization with a foreign protein antigen, human gamma globulin, in adjuvant therapy. These results indicate that an in vivo AMG-sensitive mechanism is essential for recipients to initiate a humoral IgG immune response against allogeneic platelets.
Hyper-Connectivity and Hyper-Plasticity in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in the Valproic Acid Animal Model of Autism

The prefrontal cortex has been extensively implicated in autism to explain deficits in executive and other higher-order functions related to cognition, language, sociability and emotion. The possible changes at the level of the neuronal microcircuit are however not known. We studied microcircuit alterations in the prefrontal cortex in the valproic acid rat model of autism and found that the layer 5 pyramidal neurons are connected to significantly more neighbouring neurons than in controls. These excitatory connections are more plastic displaying enhanced long-term potentiation of the strength of synapses. The microcircuit alterations found in the prefrontal cortex are therefore similar to the alterations previously found in the somatosensory cortex. Hyper-connectivity and hyper-plasticity in the prefrontal cortex implies hyper-functionality of one of the highest order processing regions in the brain, and stands in contrast to the hypo-functionality that is normally proposed in this region to explain some of the autistic symptoms. We propose that a number of deficits in autism such as sociability, attention, multi-tasking and repetitive behaviours, should be re-interpreted in the light of a hyper-functional prefrontal cortex.
Metformin bei Antipsychotikainduzierter Amenorrhoe

Zusammenfassung Die Antipsychotika(AP)-induzierte Amenorrhoe ist mit einer Prävalenz von 9 bis 12% eine häufige unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkung (UAW) bei der pharmakologischen Behandlung von Patientinnen mit Erkrankungen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis. Gegenwärtig sind für diese UAW keine standardisierten Behandlungsmöglichkeiten verfügbar. Im Hinblick auf metabolische und endokrinologische Analogien zwischen der AP-induzierten Amenorrhoe und dem polyzystischen Ovarialsyndrom (PCOS) ergibt sich eine mögliche therapeutische Option durch Metformin. Metformin führt in vielen Fällen von PCOS zu einer Wiederherstellung des Menstruationszyklus. Eine chinesische Arbeitsgruppe konnte im Rahmen einer placebokontrollierten, randomisierten und doppelblinden Studie durch die Gabe von Metformin bei 66% an Schizophrenie ersterkrankten Patientinnen mit AP-induzierter Amenorrhoe eine Wiederherstellung der Menstruation erzielen. Der genaue Mechanismus ist noch ungeklärt, jedoch könnte Metformin eine Behandlungsoption bei der AP-induzierten Amenorrhoe darstellen. Summary Antipsychotic (AP)-induced amenorrhea shows a prevalence of 9 to 12% and thus is a frequent adverse drug reaction (ADR) in the pharmacologic treatment of female patients with schizophrenia. Currently, no standardized treatment options for this particular ADR are available. Taking into account similarities regarding metabolic and endocrinologic aspects between the AP-induced amenorrhea and the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) there is, however, a treatment option with metformin. Treatment with metformin allows to recover the menstrual cycle in many cases of PCOS. Within a recent placebo-controlled, randomized, and double-blind clinical study of a Chinese group it was possible to recover the menstruation cycle in 66% of the female patients with first-episode schizophrenia and AP-induced amenorrhea. The underlying mechanism has not yet been clarified. However, metformin might be a treatment option for AP-induced amenorrhea.
IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING ON ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATIVENESS

Organizational learning in public sector organizations can help the employees to improve their existing skills and knowledge and play an important role in creating and facilitating innovative environment. The objective of the study is to analyze organizational learning and organizational innovativeness in the organization, to determine the relationship between organizational learning and innovativeness, whether there is a relationship between demographic variable such as age, experience, gender and organizational learning. The study used descriptive research design to validate the proposed relationships described in the hypotheses and to develop a reliable discussion extending with the findings attained. It has been found that there exist a relationship between organizational learning and age of the respondents and there is no significant relationship between organizational learning and experience of the respondent . There does not exists any difference in the perception of gender towards organizational learning and organizational innovativeness. The result of correlation showed that there is a significant relationship between Organizational learning and Innovativeness. The results of regression analysis also showed that two elements knowledge sharing and openness and experimentation of organizational learning explained the changes in the organizational innovation.
Revisiting Network I/O APIs: The netmap Framework

Today 10-gigabit interfaces are used more and more in datacenters and servers. On these links, packets flow as fast as one every 67.2 nanoseconds, yet modern operating systems can take 10-20 times longer just to move one packet between the wire and the application. We can do much better, not with more powerful hardware but by revising architectural decisions made long ago regarding the design of device drivers and network stacks.
ANOVA for diffusions and Itô processes

Ito processes are the most common form of continuous semimartingales, and include diffusion processes. This paper is concerned with the nonparametric regression relationship between two such Ito processes. We are interested in the quadratic variation (integrated volatility) of the residual in this regression, over a unit of time (such as a day). A main conceptual finding is that this quadratic variation can be estimated almost as if the residual process were observed, the difference being that there is also a bias which is of the same asymptotic order as the mixed normal error term. The proposed methodology, "ANOVA for diffusions and Ito processes," can be used to measure the statistical quality of a parametric model and, non-parametrically, the appropriateness of a one-regressor model in general. On the other hand, it also helps quantify and characterize the trading (hedging) error in the case of financial applications.
Strontium ranelate reduces the risk of nonvertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: Treatment of Peripheral Osteoporosis (TROPOS) study.

BACKGROUND Strontium ranelate, a new oral drug shown to reduce vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, was studied in the Treatment of Peripheral Osteoporosis (TROPOS) study to assess its efficacy and safety in preventing nonvertebral fractures also. METHODS Strontium ranelate (2 g/d) or placebo were randomly allocated to 5091 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in a double-blind placebo-controlled 5-yr study with a main statistical analysis over 3 yr of treatment. FINDINGS In the entire sample, relative risk (RR) was reduced by 16% for all nonvertebral fractures (P = 0.04), and by 19% for major fragility fractures (hip, wrist, pelvis and sacrum, ribs and sternum, clavicle, humerus) (P = 0.031) in strontium ranelate-treated patients in comparison with the placebo group. Among women at high risk of hip fracture (age > or = 74 yr and femoral neck bone mineral density T score < or = -3, corresponding to -2.4 according to NHANES reference) (n = 1977), the RR reduction for hip fracture was 36% (P = 0.046). RR of vertebral fractures was reduced by 39% (P < 0.001) in the 3640 patients with spinal x-rays and by 45% in the subgroup without prevalent vertebral fracture. Strontium ranelate increased bone mineral density throughout the study, reaching at 3 yr (P < 0.001): +8.2% (femoral neck) and +9.8% (total hip). Incidence of adverse events (AEs) was similar in both groups. CONCLUSION This study shows that strontium ranelate significantly reduces the risk of all nonvertebral and in a high-risk subgroup, hip fractures over a 3-yr period, and is well tolerated. It confirms that strontium ranelate reduces vertebral fractures. Strontium ranelate offers a safe and effective means of reducing the risk of fracture associated with osteoporosis.
RESISTANCE TO PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY IN RADIATION INDUCED FIBROSARCOMA‐1 and CHINESE HAMSTER OVARY‐MULTI‐DRUG RESISTANT CELLS in vitro

A degree of resistance to photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been induced in radiation‐induced fibrosarcoma‐1 (RIF‐1) tumor cells by repeated photodynamic treatment with Photofrin (4 or 18 h incubation) in vitro to the 0.1‐1% survival level, followed by regrowth from single surviving colonies. The resistance is shown as increased cell survival in the strain designated RIF‐8A, compared to the wild‐type RIF‐1 cells, when exposed to increasing Photofrin concentration for 18 h incubation and fixed light exposure. No difference was found between RIF‐1 and RIF‐8A in the uptake of Photofrin per unit cell volume at 18 h incubation.
British Dietetic Association systematic review of systematic reviews and evidence-based practice guidelines for the use of probiotics in the management of irritable bowel syndrome in adults (2016 update).

BACKGROUND Probiotics are often taken by individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Which products are effective is unclear, despite an increasing research base. This project will systematically review which strain- and dose- specific probiotics can be recommended to adults with IBS to improve symptoms and quality of life (QoL). It is part of a broader systematic review to update British Dietetic Association guidelines for the dietary management of IBS in adults. METHODS CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for systematic reviews (SRs) of randomised controlled trial (RCT)s recruiting adults with IBS comparing probiotic intervention with placebo. AMSTAR, risk of bias and diet bias tools were used to appraise methodological quality. Symptom and QoL data were appraised to develop probiotic-specific evidence statements on clinically meaningful and marginal outcomes in various settings, graded clinical practice recommendations and practical considerations. RESULTS Nine systematic reviews and 35 RCTs were included (3406 participants) using 29 dose-specific probiotic formulations. None of the RCTs were at low risk of bias. Twelve out of 29 probiotics (41%) showed no symptom or QoL benefits. Evidence indicated that no strain or dose specific probiotic was consistently effective to improve any IBS symptoms or QoL. Two general clinical practice recommendations were made. CONCLUSIONS Symptom outcomes for dose-specific probiotics were heterogeneous. Specific probiotic recommendations for IBS management in adults were not possible at this time. More data from high-quality RCTs treating specific symptom profiles are needed to support probiotic therapy in the management of IBS.
AtTRP1 encodes a novel TPR protein that interacts with the ethylene receptor ERS1 and modulates development in Arabidopsis

Arabidopsis AtTRP1 is an orthologue of SlTPR1, a tomato tetratricopeptide repeat protein that interacts with the tomato ethylene receptors LeETR1 and NR in yeast 2-hybrid assays and in vitro, and modulates plant development. AtTRP1 is encoded by a single copy gene in the Arabidopsis genome, and is related to TCC1, a human protein that competes with Raf-1 for Ras binding, and distantly related to the immunophilin-like FK-binding proteins TWD1 and PAS1. The former is involved in auxin transport and the latter is translocated to the nucleus in response to auxin. AtTRP1 interacted preferentially with the Arabidopsis ethylene receptor ERS1 in yeast two-hybrid assays. This association was confirmed by in vivo co-immunoprecipitation. AtTRP1 promoter–GUS was highly expressed in vascular tissue, mature anthers, the abscission zone, and was induced by ACC. Overexpression of AtTRP1 in wild-type Arabidopsis resulted in dwarf plants with reduced fertility, altered leaf/silique morphology, and enhanced expression of the ethylene responsive gene AtChitB. Exogenous GA did not reverse the dwarf habit. Etiolated transgenic seedlings overexpressing AtTRP1 displayed enhanced sensitivity to low ACC and this was correlated with the transgene expression. Seedlings overexpressing AtTRP1 at high levels exhibited shortened and swollen hypocotyls, inhibited root growth, and an altered apical hook. Plants overexpressing AtTRP1 also showed a reduced response to exogenous IAA and altered expression of a subset of auxin early responsive genes. These results indicated that overexpression of AtTRP1 affects cross-talk between ethylene and auxin signalling and enhances some ethylene responses and alters some auxin responses. A model for AtTRP1 action is proposed.
PfSPATR, a Plasmodium falciparum Protein Containing an Altered Thrombospondin Type I Repeat Domain Is Expressed at Several Stages of the Parasite Life Cycle and Is the Target of Inhibitory Antibodies*

The annotated sequence of chromosome 2 of Plasmodium falciparum was examined for genes encoding proteins that may be of interest for vaccine development. We describe here the characterization of a protein with an altered thrombospondin Type I repeat domain (PfSPATR) that is expressed in the sporozoite, asexual, and sexual erythrocytic stages of the parasite life cycle. Immunoelectron microscopy indicated that this protein was expressed on the surface of the sporozoites and around the rhoptries in the asexual erythrocytic stage. An Escherichia coli-produced recombinant form of the protein bound to HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner and antibodies raised against this protein blocked the invasion of sporozoites into a transformed hepatoma cell line. Sera from Ghanaian adults and from a volunteer who had been immunized with radiation-attenuated P. falciparum sporozoites specifically recognized the expression of this protein on transfected COS-7 cells. These data support the evaluation of this protein as a vaccine candidate.
Abscisic Acid and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants

Abiotic stress is a primary threat to fulfill the demand of agricultural production to feed the world in coming decades. Plants reduce growth and development process during stress conditions, which ultimately affect the yield. In stress conditions, plants develop various stress mechanism to face the magnitude of stress challenges, although that is not enough to protect them. Therefore, many strategies have been used to produce abiotic stress tolerance crop plants, among them, abscisic acid (ABA) phytohormone engineering could be one of the methods of choice. ABA is an isoprenoid phytohormone, which regulates various physiological processes ranging from stomatal opening to protein storage and provides adaptation to many stresses like drought, salt, and cold stresses. ABA is also called an important messenger that acts as the signaling mediator for regulating the adaptive response of plants to different environmental stress conditions. In this review, we will discuss the role of ABA in response to abiotic stress at the molecular level and ABA signaling. The review also deals with the effect of ABA in respect to gene expression.
Outcome at 8 years after breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy for invasive breast cancer: influence of margin status and systemic therapy on local recurrence.

PURPOSE To examine the relationship between pathologic margin status and outcome at 8 years after breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study population comprised 533 patients with International Union Against Cancer/American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical stage I or II breast cancer who had assessable margins, who received at least 60 Gy to the primary tumor bed, and who had more than 8 years of potential follow-up. Each margin was scored (according to the presence of invasive or in situ disease that touched the inked surgical margin) as one of the following: negative, close, focally positive, or extensively positive. Outcome at 8 years was calculated using crude rates of first site of failure. A polychotomous logistic regression analysis was performed. Median follow-up time was 127 months. RESULTS At 8 years, patients with close margins and those with negative margins both had a rate of local recurrence (LR) of 7%. Patients with extensively positive margins had an LR rate of 27%, whereas patients with focally positive margins had an intermediate rate of LR of 14%. In the polychotomous logistic regression model, margin status and the use of systemic therapy were the only two variables that had significant effects on the risk ratio of LR to remaining alive and free of disease. Among the 45 patients with focally positive margins who received systemic therapy, the crude LR rate was 7% at 8 years (95% confidence interval, 1% to 20%). CONCLUSION Pathologic margin status and the use of adjuvant systemic therapy are the most important factors associated with LR among patients treated with breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy.