Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring Land Take: Usability of National Topographic Databases as Input for Land Use Change Analysis: A Case Study from Germany

The implementation of sustainable land policies is in need of monitoring methods that go beyond a mere description of the proportion values of land use classes. The annual statistical surface area report on actual land utilization (German: “Bodenflache nach Art der tatsachlichen Nutzung”), published by the statistical offices of the German federal states and the federation, provides information on a set of pre-defined land use classes for municipalities, districts and federal states. Due to its surveying method of summing up usage information from cadastral registers, it is not possible to determine previous and subsequent usages of land parcels. Hence, it is hard to precisely indicate to what extent particular land use classes contribute to the settlement area increase. Nevertheless, this information is crucial to the understanding of land use change processes, which is needed for a subsequent identification of driving forces. To overcome this lack of information, a method for the spatial and quantitative determination of previous and subsequent land usages has been developed, implemented and tested. It is based on pre-processed land use data for different time slices, which are derived from authoritative geo-topographical base data. The developed method allows for the identification of land use changes considering small geometric shifts and changes in the underlying data model, which can be adaptively excluded from the balance.
Neural basis of virtual reality exposure threatment

Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) is an increasingly common treatment for a range of anxiety disorder, specific phobias, PTSD and addictions, however neural mechanisms supporting VRET are yet to be understood. This review summarises existing studies which investigated the neural basis of VRET. Searches of electronic databases were performed using keywords related to VRET, mental disorders and neuroimaging. The search yielded 32 studies, and of these, 5 studies met inclusion criteria. Results indicated the role of prefrontal cortex in VRET, although more research is needed.
Comparative study of solar PV MPPT by Perturbation and Observation and Fuzzy method

It the era of renewable energy. Now a days a lot of works being done on renewable source of energy as these are the free energy which is nonpolluting and flexible to use. Out of the regenerative sources of energy solar energy is plentiful in nature and freely available which the main criteria to use it is. But solar energy to electrical energy conversion efficiency is very low. But still solar energy is getting high importance. Due to high demand of solar power it is important to concentrate on extracting maximum solar power by implementing MPPT in the system. Here in this paper Perturb and Observe method of tracking the maximum power is compared with the Fuzzy method.
Accelerating convergence towards the optimal pareto front

Evolutionary algorithms have been very popular optimization methods for a wide variety of applications. However, in spite of their advantages, their computational cost is still a prohibitive factor in certain real-world applications involving expensive (computationally speaking) fitness function evaluations. In this paper, we depart from the observation that nature's survival of the fittest is not about exact measures of fitness; rather it is about rankings among competing peers. Thus, by exploiting this natural tolerance for imprecision, we propose here a new, fuzzy granules-based approach for reducing the number of necessary function calls involving time consuming real-world problems. Our proposed approach is compared with respect to the standard NSGA-II, using the Set Coverage, Hypervolume and Generational Distance performance measures. Our results indicate that our proposed approach is a very promising alternative for dealing with multi-objective optimization problems involving expensive fitness function evaluations.
“We can’t do anything”: The experiences of students with visual impairments in physical education classes in Brazil

Inclusion is a subjective experience related to sense of belonging and acceptance. In this way, the specific nature of a disability can have particular implications on the obstacles one experiences in physical education. Thus, the main objective of this study was to investigate the experiences of students with visual impairments in physical education classes in Brazil from an individual and subjective perspective. Eight students with visual impairments (five female students and three male students) between 13 and 18 years participated in the study. Interviews, which utilized a semi-structured interview guide, were used to obtain important information from the students. Interview transcripts were analyzed by the content analysis technique. Results revealed two main themes: (1) participation and (2) social interaction. Exclusion from physical education activities was omnipresent among the experiences of students with visual impairments. Physical education teachers did not recognize physical education classes as a place for student with visual impairments.
Exploration on the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Mode of College Creative Space Based on Innovation 2.0

“Creative space” is a collective concept of innovative entrepreneurial service organizations in the era of innovation 2.0. It is an innovative new entrepreneurial service ecosystem consisting of maker space, incubators, accelerators and so on. China is now actively promoting innovation and entrepreneurship education under the government's promotion. It is not only a starting point for improving the ability of college students to innovate and innovate, but also an important source of power for promoting social development and progress. This paper puts forward some suggestions for the construction of innovation and entrepreneurship in colleges based on creative space.
Integer Relation Detection and Lattice Reduction

By an integer relation algorithm, we mean a practical computational scheme that can recover the vector of integers ai, if it exists, or can produce bounds within which no integer relation exists. As we shall see, integer relation algorithms have a variety of interesting applications, including the recognition of a numeric constant in terms of the mathematical formula that it satisfies. The problem of finding integer relations is not new. It was first studied by Euclid, whose Euclidean algorithm solves this problem in the case n = 2. The generalization of this problem for n > 2 was attempted by Euler, Jacobi, Poincaré, Minkowski, Perron, Brun, Bernstein, among others. The first integer relation algorithm with the required properties mentioned above was discovered in 1977 by Ferguson and Forcade [18]. There is a close connection between integer lattice reduction and integer relation detection. Indeed, one common solution to the integer relation problem is to apply the Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovasz (LLL) lattice reduction algorithm. However, there are some difficulties with this approach, notably the somewhat arbitrary selection of a required multiplier — if it is too small, or too large, the LLL solution will not be the desired integer relation. These difficulties were addressed in the “HJLS” algorithm [19], which is based on the LLL algorithm. Unfortunately, the HJLS algorithm suffers from numerical instability, and it fails as a result in many cases of practical interest.
Attachment insecurities and marital satisfaction

This study identifies the relationship between attachment insecurities; Attachment Avoidance and Attachment Anxiety, and Marital Satisfaction; Dyadic Cohesion, Dyadic Satisfaction, Dyadic Consensus, and Dyadic Affectional Expression among married couples. A correlational research design was adopted in this study to address the objectives of the research. Seventy respondents among married couples in West Peninsular of Malaysia were selected to participate in this research. Two sets of questionnaires were developed and reviewed by two expert panels before piloting and distributing to the participants. The structure and content of the questionnaires were specific to main two areas; Experience in Close Relationship (ECR) and Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS). The data was collected and analysed using SPSS descriptive statistic and Pearson correlation. The findings indicated that there was a significant relationship between attachment insecurities and marital satisfaction. Furthermore, it is recommended based on the results that community counsellors‟ conduct group counselling sessions to facilitate married couples‟ understanding of attachment insecurities which will help to enhance the satisfaction in their marital relationships. It is also recommended based on the work performed, limitations and findings in this study that further research is conducted to conduct a similar research program, with a broader and more substantial population size covering multiple communities, again with a specific focus on married couples and to improve their marital satisfaction with their relationships.
Impulsive Noise on In-Vehicle Power Lines: Characterization and Impact on Communication Performance

This paper deals with the characterization of impulsive noise on in-vehicle power lines and the impact of this noise on communication performance. After briefly presenting the communication system, the principle of noise measurement is described and a statistical analysis of impulsive noise is carried out. A noise model is proposed and is then used in communication software, simulating the link, for determining the system performance in terms of erroneous bits or frame errors. The chosen communication standard is the one proposed by the HomePlug 1.0 for PLC indoor communication
A biologically plausible and computationally efficient architecture and algorithm for a connectionist natural language processor

Nowadays, most connectionist models are more oriented to computational efficiency instead of neurophysiological inspiration. Classical learning algorithms, like the largely employed back propagation, is argued to be biologically implausible. This paper aims to prove that a biologically inspired connectionist architecture and algorithm is not only capable of dealing with a high level cognitive task, like a natural language processing application, but also be more computationally efficient. It is presented a comparison between a standard simple recurrent network using back propagation with a physiologically inspired system. Symbolic data, extracted from connectionist architectures, show that the physiologically plausible model displays more expectable semantic features about thematic relations between words than the conventional one.
An approach to the enhancement of sleep apnea detection by means of detrended fluctuation analysis of RR intervals

In this paper, Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is applied in order to study the performance of a classification system of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), that integrates other variables as cepstrum coefficients and filter banks (FBANK) obtained from HRV. The database contains 70 records, divided into two equal-sized sets: a learning set and a test set. Each recording includes a continuous digitized single channel ECG signal and a set of apnea annotations, where a human expert classifies each minute indicating normal breathing or OSA, on the basis of a complete polysomnography (PSG). An automatic statistical classification method based on QDA (Quadratic Discriminant Analysis) and Logistic Regression (LR) is applied to the classification of sleep apnea epochs. Particularly QDA presents an accuracy of 82.4% (auc=0.9) when FBANK and cepstrum coefficients are applied. The performance increases to 84.3% (auc=0.91) when DFA is added to the model. Similar improvement with LR when DF A is added can be reached 81.5% (auc=0.88) vs 84.2% (auc=0.91).
Decentralisation: What does it contribute to? Added value of Decentralisation for living conditions in Core cities of the EU

This paper investigates the effects of decentralisation on living conditions in core cities of the European Union. It uses data from the Urban Audit to investigate whether the level of local expenditures relative to central government expenditures has any impact on the subjective appreciation of local living conditions as measured in the Urban Audit Survey in 75 cities as well as the actual quality of local living conditions as measured by comparative crime, traffic, urban space and health statistics as measured in 560 cities. It investigates the impact of decentralisation on these living conditions controlling for background factors such as population density, median income of households and unemployment in the cities. The analyses show that decentralisation does have an added value in explaining citizen’s satisfaction with regard to public and green space, public transport, health care, reduces actual crime and increases feeling of safety. This research is novel, because it is one of the first to present the outcomes of comparative statistical analyses in which positive impact of decentralisation on social living conditions on the local level is found.
Anticonvulsant Effects of Fractions Isolated from Dinoponera quadriceps (Kempt) Ant Venom (Formicidae: Ponerinae)

Natural products, sources of new pharmacological substances, have large chemical diversity and architectural complexity. In this context, some toxins obtained from invertebrate venoms have anticonvulsant effects. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that affects about 65 million people worldwide, and approximately 30% of cases are resistant to pharmacological treatment. Previous studies from our group show that the denatured venom of the ant Dinoponera quadriceps (Kempt) protects mice against bicuculline (BIC)-induced seizures and death. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticonvulsant activity of compounds isolated from D. quadriceps venom against seizures induced by BIC in mice. Crude venom was fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) resulting in six fractions referred to as DqTx1–DqTx6. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis revealed a major 431 Da compound in fractions DqTx1 and DqTx2. Fractions DqTx3 and DqTx4 showed a compound of 2451 Da and DqTx5 revealed a 2436 Da compound. Furthermore, the DqTx6 fraction exhibited a major component with a molecular weight of 13,196 Da. Each fraction (1 mg/mL) was microinjected into the lateral ventricle of mice, and the animals were observed in an open field. We did not observe behavioral alterations when the fractions were given alone. Conversely, when the fractions were microinjected 20 min prior to the administration of BIC (21.6 nM), DqTx1, DqTx4, and DqTx6 fractions increased the latency for onset of tonic-clonic seizures. Moreover, all fractions, except DqTx5, increased latency to death. The more relevant result was obtained with the DqTx6 fraction, which protected 62.5% of the animals against tonic-clonic seizures. Furthermore, this fraction protected 100% of the animals from seizure episodes followed by death. Taken together, these findings indicate that compounds from ant venom might be a potential source of new anticonvulsants molecules.
Oligoclonal Immunoglobulinsin HIV Infection DavidSinclair , 1 EricGalloway , 2 SheilaMckenzIe , 2 EdwardA

We tested 150 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (H IV) for the presence of oligocional bands in serum, prompted by reports that these abnormal proteins may have prognostic significance. Sixty HIV-negative individuals from “at-risk” groups were tested along with 80 H1Vnegative, healthy blood donors for the presence of these bands. All sera were tested by isoelectric focusing, because it is more sensitive for this purpose than more-conventional electrophoretic techniques. In the HIV-positive group, 61% of the sera had oligoclonal bands; in the HIV-negative “at-risk” group, 36% had bands. No bands were detectable in sera from the healthy blood-donor group. Some patients were also followed for differing periods throughout their infection, and changesin their oligoclonal banding patterns could not be correlated with disease progression. The fact that oligoclonal bands were found to be present without HIV infection in a substantial number of individuals from within the “at-risk” groups leads us to conclude that the presence of oligoclonal bands in HIV infection is of limited prognostic significance.
Ca2+-Dependent, Phospholipid-Binding Residues of Synaptotagmin Are Critical for Excitation–Secretion Coupling In Vivo

Synaptotagmin I is the Ca2+ sensor for fast, synchronous release of neurotransmitter; however, the molecular interactions that couple Ca2+ binding to membrane fusion remain unclear. The structure of synaptotagmin is dominated by two C2 domains that interact with negatively charged membranes after binding Ca2+. In vitro work has implicated a conserved basic residue at the tip of loop 3 of the Ca2+-binding pocket in both C2 domains in coordinating this electrostatic interaction with anionic membranes. Although results from cultured cells suggest that the basic residue of the C2A domain is functionally significant, such studies provide contradictory results regarding the importance of the C2B basic residue during vesicle fusion. To directly test the functional significance of each of these residues at an intact synapse in vivo, we neutralized either the C2A or the C2B basic residue and assessed synaptic transmission at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction. The conserved basic residues at the tip of the Ca2+-binding pocket of both the C2A and C2B domains mediate Ca2+-dependent interactions with anionic membranes and are required for efficient evoked transmitter release. Our results directly support the hypothesis that the interactions between synaptotagmin and the presynaptic membrane, which are mediated by the basic residues at the tip of both the C2A and C2B Ca2+-binding pockets, are critical for coupling Ca2+ influx with vesicle fusion during synaptic transmission in vivo. Our model for synaptotagmin's direct role in coupling Ca2+ binding to vesicle fusion incorporates this finding with results from multiple in vitro and in vivo studies.
Emery‐Dreifuss muscular dystrophy type 4: A new SYNE1 mutation associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy masked by a perinatal distress‐related spastic diplegia

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy could be part of a more complex syndrome like Emery‐Dreifuss muscular dystrophy type 4. Genetic analysis allowed to identify a de novo heterozygous missense mutation in SYNE1 gene (chr6:152665253:G > C), supporting physician to reach a correct diagnosis in patient affected by cardiomyopathy associated with a difficult clinical scenario.
Epidemic Growth Rates and Host Movement Patterns Shape Management Performance for Pathogen Spillover at The Wildlife-livestock Interface

Managing pathogen spillover at the wildlife-livestock interface is a key step toward improving global animal health, food security, and wildlife conservation. However, predicting the effectiveness of management actions across host-pathogen systems with different life histories is an on-going challenge since data on intervention effectiveness are expensive to collect and results are system-specific. We developed a simulation model to explore how the efficacies of different management strategies vary according to host movement patterns and epidemic growth rates. The model suggested that fast-growing, fast-moving epidemics like avian influenza were best-managed with actions like biosecurity or containment, which limited and localized overall spillover risk. For fast-growing, slower-moving diseases like foot-and-mouth disease, depopulation or prophylactic vaccination were competitive management options. Many actions performed competitively when epidemics grew slowly and host movements were limited, and how management efficacy related to epidemic growth rate or host movement propensity depended on what objective was used to evaluate management performance. This framework may be a useful step in advancing how we classify and prioritise responses to novel pathogen spillover threats, and evaluate current management actions for pathogens emerging at the wildlife-livestock interface.
Pre-service versus in-service mathematics teachers’ opinions of mathematics reform in post-primary schools in Ireland

A new approach to the teaching and learning of mathematics has been introduced on a phased basis in post-primary education in Ireland. As part of the OECD PISA 2012, a survey was undertaken of in-service mathematics teachers in Ireland, with the aim of gathering data on the opinions of teachers about this reform. Here, a modified version of the survey was distributed to pre-service teachers immediately before and after a four-month teaching placement to ascertain if there were differences in the views expressed by pre-service and in-service teachers in relation to the teaching and learning of mathematics, and also if there were differences expressed by the pre-service teachers before and after their placement in post-primary schools. Analysis of the results showed considerable levels of agreement between all groups, with some exceptions in relation to confidence in teaching the reformed curriculum, emphasis on various teaching and learning activities, and usage of ICT in the classroom.
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Fabrication of small flying machines using magnetic thin films

A small flying machine based upon a new mechanism was realized. The flying machine driven by magnetic torque had hard magnetic films as wings and a soft magnetic wire as a body, respectively. The wing has two hinges, which create different drag during up and down strokes, and produced lifting force. Shape magnetic anisotropy of the body stabilized the attitude. The flying machine flew without power supply cables and guides when an alternating magnetic field of more than 400 Oe around 12 Hz was applied.
A study of depth perception in hand-held augmented reality using autostereoscopic displays

Displaying three-dimensional content on a flat display is bound to reduce the impression of depth, particularly for mobile video see-trough augmented reality. Several applications in this domain can benefit from accurate depth perception, especially if there are contradictory depth cues, like occlusion in a x-ray visualization. The use of stereoscopy for this effect is already prevalent in head-mounted displays, but there is little research on the applicability for hand-held augmented reality. We have implemented such a prototype using an off-the-shelf smartphone equipped with a stereo camera and an autostereoscopic display. We designed and conducted an extensive user study to explore the effects of stereoscopic hand-held augmented reality on depth perception. The results show that in this scenario depth judgment is mostly influenced by monoscopic depth cues, but our system can improve positioning accuracy in challenging scenes.