Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review of the Metal Additive Manufacturing Processes

Metal additive manufacturing (AM) is a layer-by-layer process that makes the direct manufacturing of various industrial parts possible. This method facilitates the design and fabrication of complex industrial, advanced, and fine parts that are used in different industry sectors, such as aerospace, medicine, turbines, and jewelry, where the utilization of other fabrication techniques is difficult or impossible. This method is advantageous in terms of dimensional accuracy and fabrication speed. However, the parts fabricated by this method may suffer from faults such as anisotropy, micro-porosity, and defective joints. Metals like titanium, aluminum, stainless steels, superalloys, etc., have been used—in the form of powder or wire—as feed materials in the additive manufacturing of various parts. The main criterion that distinguishes different additive manufacturing processes from each other is the deposition method. With regard to this criterion, AM processes can be divided into four classes: local melting, sintering, sheet forming, and electrochemical methods. Parameters affecting the properties of the additive-manufactured part and the defects associated with an AM process determine the method by which a certain part should be manufactured. This study is a survey of different additive manufacturing processes, their mechanisms, capabilities, shortcomings, and the general properties of the parts manufactured by them.
Summer Extreme Temperatures over East China during 1984–2004 Simulated by LASG/IAP Regional Climate Model CREM

Abstract The authors examine extreme summer temperatures over East China during 1984–2004 using a regional climate model named CREM (the Climate version of Regional Eta-coordinate Model), which was developed by LASG/IAP. The results show that the main features of the extreme summer temperatures over East China are reproduced well by CREM, and the skill for the minimum temperature is higher than that for the maximum temperature, especially along the Yangtze-Huai River Valley (YHV). The simulated extreme temperatures are lower than those of observation, especially for the maximum temperature. The bias of extreme temperatures is consistent with the cold bias of the climatological mean summer surface air temperature. The skill of the model in simulating the interannual variability of extreme temperatures increases from north to south. The simulated interannual variation of the minimum temperature is more reasonable than the maximum temperature. The underestimation of net solar radiation at the surface leads to a cold bias of the climatological mean temperature. Furthermore, the model underestimates the light and moderate rain, while overestimates heavy rain. It causes the simulated minimum temperature more reasonable than the maximum temperature.
Activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 ameliorates tau accumulation‐induced synaptic damage and cognitive dysfunction via autophagy enhancement

Abstract Aims The autophagy‐lysosomal pathway is important for maintaining cellular proteostasis, while dysfunction of this pathway has been suggested to drive the aberrant intraneuronal accumulation of tau protein, leading to synaptic damage and cognitive impairment. Previous studies have demonstrated that the activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) by capsaicin has a positive impact on cognition and AD‐related biomarkers. However, the effect and mechanism of TPRV1 activation on neuronal tau homeostasis remain elusive. Methods A mouse model of tauopathy was established by overexpressing full‐length human tau in the CA3 area. Mice were fed capsaicin diet (0.0125%) or normal diet for 9 weeks. The cognitive ability, synaptic function, tau phosphorylation levels, and autophagy markers were detected. In vitro, capsaicin‐induced alterations in cellular autophagy and tau degradation were characterized using two cell models. Besides, various inhibitors were applied to validate the role of TRPV1‐mediated autophagy enhancement in tau clearance. Results We observed that TRPV1 activation by capsaicin effectively mitigates hippocampal tau accumulation‐induced synaptic damages, gliosis, and cognitive impairment in vivo. Capsaicin promotes the degradation of abnormally accumulated tau through enhancing autophagic function in neurons, which is dependent on TRPV1‐mediated activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and subsequent inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Blocking AMPK activation abolishes capsaicin‐induced autophagy enhancement and tau degradation in neurons. Conclusion Our findings reveal that capsaicin‐induced TRPV1 activation confers neuroprotection by restoring neuronal tau homeostasis via modulating cellular autophagy and provides additional evidence to support the potential of TRPV1 as a therapeutic target for tauopathies.
Creating Latent Representations of Synthesizer Patches using Variational Autoencoders

Digital synthesizers typically feature a user-adjustable parameter space (i.e. the set of user-adjustable parameters) that is used to shape the sound (or timbre) of the instrument. A synthesizer patch is a snapshot of the state of the instrument’s parameter space at a given time and is the representation most familiar to synthesizer users. Creating patches can often be repetitive, tedious, and complicated for synthesizers with large parameter spaces. This paper presents the creation and use of latent representations of synthesizer patches generated by training a Variational Autoencoder (VAE) on a library of existing patches. We demonstrate how to generate previously unseen patches by exploring this latent representation via interpolation through the latent space. Using the open-source synthesizer amSynth as a test bed, we evaluate reconstructed patches against a ground truth both, numerically and timbrally, as well as show how generating new patches from the latent space result in diverse yet musically pleasing timbres.
Accumulation of Carbon in Created Wetland Soils and the Potential to Mitigate Loss of Natural Wetland Carbon-Mediated Functions

The current U.S. wetland mitigation policy of ”no-net-loss” requires that a new wetland be created to replace any natural wetland destroyed under development pressures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of created wetlands to accumulate carbon and to mitigate the carbon-mediated functions occurring in natural wetlands. Soil physical properties were analyzed as potential inhibitors of carbon accumulation in the created wetlands. An exponential model was then used to estimate the time for created wetlands to accumulate that carbon found in natural wetlands. Five created (ages 3-8 years) and four natural freshwater marsh wetlands in central Ohio, USA were selected for this study. Nine to fifteen soil cores were collected at each site and analyzed for soil organic carbon (SOC), mineralizable soil carbon, waterstable aggregates (WSA), particle-size fractions and bulk density. Peak-standing aboveground plant biomass was harvested. Created wetlands contained less plant biomass, less SOC and less mineralizable carbon than natural wetlands (MRPP, T=-11.6, p< 0.007). For the soil physical properties, created wetlands contained less macroaggregates, more microaggregates, more silt-clay, and had higher bulk density than natural wetlands (MRPP, T=-4.16, p=0.007). The carbon parameters and soil physical properties were found to be correlated by RDA, carbon content was positively correlated with macroaggregate
A Non-destructive Excavation in Parse-Pasargad Archaeological Region

There has been growing concern regarding the proposed Sivand Dam. Its placement in the Parse- Pasargad region, between both the ruins of Persepolis and Pasargad, has worried many archealogists that the dam will flood these UNESCO World Heritage sites. Currently the construction of the dam is postponed until the international teams of archeologists announce that their excavations in the area are finished. The aim of this study is to increase the knowlegde about this valuable archeological region, focusing on two case studies, Persepolis and Pasargad . To prevent environmental destruction caused by archeological excavations, a non-intrusive investigation combining complementary technologies has been carried out. A multilayer analysis of the collected data in geology, hydrology, and hydrogeology, along with aerial photographs, remotely sensed air photos, and satellite imagery provided useful information for preparing environmental and historic layers. The use of GIS and image processing technique allowed a highly effective integration of all data, leading to more rigorous correlation of the different results. The results of this study are indicative of three main findings: (1) identification of buried archaeological features in this region, focusing on the two plains of Farvardin and Marghab, the seat of Achaemenian governors, where the Persepolis and Pasargad established (2) a wall and watchtowers surrounding Persepolis, (3) and a natural lakelet in the Pasargad site.
Metal-Organic Frameworks: Versatile Platforms for Biomedical Innovations

This review article explores the multiple applications and potential of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in the biomedical field. With their highly versatile and tunable properties, MOFs present many possibilities, including drug delivery, biomolecule recognition, biosensors, and immunotherapy. Their crystal structure allows precise tuning, with the ligand typology and metal geometry playing critical roles. MOFs’ ability to encapsulate drugs and exhibit pH-triggered release makes them ideal candidates for precision medicine, including cancer treatment. They are also potential gene carriers for genetic disorders and have been used in biosensors and as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Despite the complexities encountered in modulating properties and interactions with biological systems, further research on MOFs is imperative. The primary focus of this review is to provide a comprehensive examination of MOFs in these applications, highlighting the current achievements and complexities encountered. Such efforts will uncover their untapped potential in creating innovative tools for biomedical applications, emphasizing the need to invest in the continued exploration of this promising field.
An assessment of appraisals of dating relationship conflicts and perceptions of appropriate coping strategies with psychologically abusive interactions

Introduction Stemming from a stress appraisal and coping perspective, the present investigation developed a methodology for assessing how individuals appraise abusive dating relationship conflicts (Study 1) and the implications of such appraisals for informing coping responses to abusive interactions (Study 2). Methods Participants ranging in age from 17 to 29 years (Study 1: 102 males, 339 females; Study 2: 88 males, 362 females) completed a survey in which they were presented with a series of 10 scenarios that conveyed relationship conflict cues that were ostensibly aligned with various forms of psychological abuse. Results Factor analyses indicated that blatant actions conducted in privacy were differentiated from more ambiguous public forms of psychological abuse, in that the latter were appraised by both males and females as more abusive. Females were further likely to appraise blatant conflicts as more threatening but at the same time more resolvable. Participants who had encountered abuse in their own intimate relationships were especially likely to appraise conflicts as abusive, threatening and uncontrollable. Such appraisals were associated with greater endorsement of avoidant coping strategies in response to an abusive encounter, irrespective of personal relationship experiences. Discussion It is suggested that how individuals appraise relationship conflicts may be key to their ability to cope effectively with such encounters or to provide appropriate support to those experiencing psychologically abusive relationships.
A Multiobjective Optimization Approach for Extended Interaction Oscillators

The development of high-frequency, wide-bandwidth, high-power extended interaction oscillators (EIOs) has always been the focus of researchers working on millimeter-wave and terahertz electronic devices. However, these design objectives are affected by many structural and operating parameters, and traditional manual optimization and local optimization are no longer suitable for solving these problems. In this paper, based on a one-dimensional, nonlinear, self-consistent program of EIOs, a multiobjective optimization method that employs the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) is proposed to simultaneously optimize device output power, bandwidth, and structure length. By using this approach, the optimization process of a 95-GHz EIO is presented, and the corresponding Pareto solutions are obtained after 500 generations with a population size of 50. The results show that the beam-wave interaction and the coupling mechanism lead to synchronization of the structural parameters and the electrical parameters with each other, and the coexistence of multiple objectives guides the zonal distribution of the optimal solutions. That is, the oscillators with fewer gaps have shorter structure length and higher power, whereas those with more gaps are prone to start oscillation and have wider bandwidth. Several sets of optimization results obtained using the proposed method agree well with the results obtained in the CST-PIC solver, which proves that the proposed algorithm is effective for optimizing EIOs because it considers multiple design goals and can serve as a theoretical basis for engineering development.
The role of religion in development communication in Madang, Papua New Guinea

Abstract Having gained independence from Australia in 1975, Papua New Guinea (PNG) is home to more than 7 million inhabitants with more than 800 different languages and diverse cultures. It is one of the richest island countries in the South Pacific in terms of mineral resources. Following a shift from village-based pagan worship to more organized worship in a country unified under Christianity, the locals in Madang, PNG, have experienced development taking place through the initiative of the Christian churches. Christian churches have provided basic services to the people of Madang in the form of health, education as well as social services. This study is an attempt to see how religion plays a part in development in a country where Christianity is seen as a major force behind social change. Government and business houses have done their part in enhancing people’s livelihood. However, it is claimed that Christianity has played a major role in enhancing people’s well-being. How people’s well-being is enhanced is vague, and might be understood through the concept of development communication. Development communication has been defined as “the art and science of human communication linked to a society’s planned transformation from a state of poverty to one of dynamic socio-economic growth that makes for greater equality and the larger unfolding of individual potentials. ” Research participants were interviewed and their narratives were analyzed using thematic analysis.
Masters Thesis: Automated Robot Design

Robots usually do a single job and would perform better when their mechanical structure is particularly designed for their designated task. However, manually designing robots with mechanical properties that implicitly compute and execute a specific task is very hard and time consuming. To assist designers, a platform that automatically designs dynamical mechanisms is needed. Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are suggested as invention machines for similar domains and seem promising for automatic mechanism design. However key obstacles are the representation of dynamical mechanisms, operators for sexual reproduction and maintaining population diversity. We present a robot genome based on graph theory that is as compact as possible, has no genetic multiplicity and is completely closed. We define a sexual operator that is able to merge both topology and parameter data from two parent-robots to form a child-robot that is essentially a mixture of both parents. And we investigate which of the most commonly used methods for diversity maintenance improve optimization performance for dynamical mechanism design best. We demonstrate that our new representation and sexual operator enables automatic design of dynamical mechanisms. Specifically, we showcase automatic design of two-dimensional mechanisms (with a single degree of freedom) that track a straight line (Roberts mechanism) as well as an ellipse by virtue of their kinematic and dynamical properties. The best optimization results are obtained by maintaining diversity with a combination of the island and the diffusion model. We demonstrate the practical value of the evolved mechanisms by extracting design principles and by redesigning a mechanism to include mathematically hard-to-formulate objectives such as aesthetics and symmetry. Master of Science Thesis P.R. Kuppens
Masters Thesis: Learning For Control

Data driven learning has become a common practice in many decision making applications. Machine learning techniques are the dominant methods employed but have limitations with respect to constraints satisfaction. A learning method is presented to learn the mapping from an input space to an action space, which is particularly suitable when the action is an optimal decision with respect to a certain unknown cost function. An inverse optimization approach is presented to retrieve the cost function, like inverse reinforcement learning, by introducing a new loss function along with a new hypothesis class of mapping functions. The loss function used is particularly suitable when the action is representative of an ‘expert’ behaviour, that takes actions by cost minimization. A tractable reformulation of the learning problem using the new loss function is also presented. The method is effective for learning input-action mapping for constrained systems in continuous input-action space, typically present in control systems. The learning approach can be effectively transformed to learn a MPC behaviour and a case study to mimic an MPC is presented, which is a rather computationally heavy control strategy. Simulation results and experiments on a lab helicopter show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Master of Science Thesis CONFIDENTIAL Syed Adnan Akhtar
Bubble plume dynamics in a stratified medium and the implications for water quality amelioration in lakes

The behavior of a bubble plume discharging vertically into a stably stratified water column is described using a simple one-dimensional plume model. It is confirmed that the behavior can be described with just two dimensionless groupings, C and M, representative of the strength of the stratification and the discharge momentum. Depending on the values of these parameters, the plume can either extend the full depth of the water column or eject water at one or more internal detrainment points. The occurrence of these internal detrainment points can be described in terms of the relative magnitudes of the terms comprising the buoyancy conservation equation. Further, these internal detrainment points can be linked to both the mechanical efficiency and mixing effectiveness of bubble plumes. This is of importance when the bubble plume is being used to act as a destratification device in a lake. Generally, an integral number of internal detrainment points correspond to peak mechanical efficiencies. Maximum mixing effectiveness is favored by lower values of the stratification parameter C and higher values of the source strength parameter M.
A simple eddy kinetic energy model for simulations of the oceanic vertical mixing: Tests at Station Papa and long-term upper ocean study site

A simple eddy kinetic energy parameterization of the oceanic vertical mixing is presented. The parameterization scheme is based on recent works on atmospheric turbulence modeling. It is designed to simulate vertical mixing at all depths, from the upper boundary layer down to the abyss. This scheme includes a single prognostic equation for the turbulent kinetic energy. The computation of the turbulent length scales is diagnostic, rather than prognostic. In weakly turbulent regions the simulated vertical diffusivity is inversely proportional to the Brunt-Vaisala frequency. In the first validation experiments presented here, the vertical mixing scheme is embedded into a simple one-dimensional model and used for upper ocean simulations at two very different test sites: the station Papa in the Gulf of Alaska and the Long-Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS) mooring in the Sargasso Sea. At station Papa the model successfully simulates the seasonal evolution of the upper ocean temperature field. At LOTUS the focus is on a short 2-week period. A detailed analysis of the oceanic heat budget during that period reveals a large bias in the bulk-derived surface heat fluxes. After correction of the fluxes the model does well in simulating the evolution of the temperature and wind-driven current. In particular, the large observed diurnal cycles of the sea surface temperature are well reproduced. During the second (windy) week of the selected period the model accounts for about two thirds of the kinetic energy of the observed upper ocean currents at periods larger than 6 hours. The local wind forcing thus appears to be the dominant generation mechanism for the near-inertial motions, which are the most energetic. The velocity simulation is especially good at the low frequencies. During the second simulated week the model accounts for as much as 78% of the kinetic energy at subinertial frequencies. The simulated mean velocity profile is reminiscent of an Ekman spiral, in agreement with the observations.
Climate change impact in Mendoza. Climate variation on the last 50 years. A view to grapevine physiology.

El IPCC (Panel Intergubernamental sobre Cambio Climático) ha pronosticado cambios principalmente en las temperaturas, precipitaciones y eventos extremos. Ya se han detectado durante el siglo XX aumentos en la temperatura de la superficie del globo terrestre de 0,6°C±0,2°C. La fisiología, productividad y ciclo fenológico de las plantas depende de las condiciones climáticas. En este trabajo, se analizaron series meteorológicas de 50 años, en tres oasis productivos de Mendoza, Argentina, a través de índices climáticos y ecológicos. Se compararon estadísticamente estos índices, en dos décadas de la serie (una inicial y otra final) y se evaluó su variación en el tiempo mediante regresión lineal. El análisis comparativo de las dos décadas mostró diferentes cambios según la zona en estudio. En la zona Este mayor número de índices que podrían afectar la viticultura sufrieron variación. En la zona Norte y Sur, el número de índices climáticos y ecológicos que presentaron cambios fueron menores que en la zona Este. Conocer los cambios climáticos ocurridos a nivel local, su magnitud en los últimos 50 años y su tendencia permitirá evaluar sus posibles impactos en la fisiología vitícola, modificación de la fenología, acumulación de azúcares y compuestos fenólicos como también elaborar nuevos estudios y estrategias para mitigar los efectos negativos.