Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surficial Geologic Map and Geodatabase of the Cuddeback Lake 30' x 60' Quadrangle, San Bernardino and Kern Counties, California

A USGS surficial geologic mapping project, focused on the arid Southwest USA, conducted mapping and process studies to investigate landscape development and tectonic evolution. This project included the Cuddeback Lake 1:100,000-scale quadrangle located in the western Mojave Desert north-northeast of Los Angeles, between the southern Sierra Nevada and San Bernardino Mountains, in Kern and San Bernardino Counties, California. Geomorphic features include high-relief mountains, small hills, volcanic domes, pediments, broad alluvial valleys, and dry lakes. The mapped area includes pre-Tertiary plutonic, metavolcanic, metasedimentary, and other metamorphic rocks; Tertiary sedimentary and volcanic rocks; and Quaternary sediments and basalts. Included in the area are the El Paso, Lockhart, Blackwater, and Muroc faults as well as the central segment of the Garlock fault zone. The tectonically active western Mojave Desert and the variety of surficial materials have resulted in distinctive geomorphic features and terrains. Geologic mapping has shown that active faults are widespread and have influenced drainage patterns. The tectonically active area near the Garlock fault zone and the nearby El Paso fault influenced development of drainage networks; base level is controlled by fault offset. There is evidence of a late Tertiary drainage network preserved in remnants of alluvial fans and paleo-drainage deposits north of the El Paso Mountains, west of the Lava Mountains, and south and west of the Rand Mountains. Faults identified as being active during the Holocene based on displaced stream channels, scarps, and shutter ridges include the Cantil Valley, Lockhart, Garlock, and Rand Mountain faults. Previously unmapped Holocene and late Pleistocene fault strands identified near the Rand Mountains may represent a splay at the northwest termination of the Lockhart fault. The informally named Grass Valley fault, northwest of Black Mountain, is a right-lateral strike-slip fault that may be a splay of the Blackwater fault. Holocene activity on the Grass Valley fault is indicated by one displaced early Holocene stream terrace. Mapped faults in Fremont Valley are tentatively identified as surficial expressions of the buried Cantil Valley fault.
Hybrid image‐based collision detection in Java 3D

Collision detection is highly important in computer graphics and virtual reality. Most collision detection methods are object‐based, relying on testing the geometrical interference of objects, and their performance therefore depends on the geometrical complexity of the objects. Recently, image‐based methods have gained increasing acceptance for their simplicity in implementation, robustness with respect to the object geometry, and the potential to distribute the computational burden onto graphics hardware. However, all existing image‐based methods require direct calls to OpenGL, but so far there is no direct way to access OpenGL through the Java 3D API. Although Java 3D provides its own built‐in collision detection classes, they are either incorrect or inefficient. In this paper, we present a hybrid image‐based collision detection method in Java 3D, which incorporates the Java 3D built‐in collision detection and the image‐based collision detection in our specially devised scene graph. In addition, we take advantage of the fact that the 3D position of successive offscreen views (i.e. virtual views perceived by the probing object) does not change significantly and thereby reduce the occurrences of offscreen rendering, so that the collision detection becomes even faster (up to 50% in our case). Experimental results prove the correctness and efficiency of our method. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“We are in the forgotten corner!” a qualitative study of experiences and challenges among Chinese older women at the onset of acute myocardial infarction

Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a common and serious cardiovascular disease (CVD) that is one of the leading causes of death among women globally and in China. However, there are sex-associated differences and inequalities in the detection and management of AMI, especially in older people. There is little research demonstrating how challenges and barriers affect older women’s help-seeking behavior and health-related procedures in China. Purpose The objective of this study was to explore the experiences of older women with AMI, focusing on their perception, challenges, and coping strategies at the onset of AMI in Wuhan, China. Methods This study utilized a qualitative research design approach and conducted semi-structured, in-depth, and audio-recorded interviews with 18 women aged 65–84 years, purposively selected from two tertiary hospitals in Wuhan City from November 2021 to April 2022. Results Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used in this study to analyze the data on 18 participants and three major themes were generated: disease perception disorder, negative coping strategies, and barriers due to social-environmental contexts. Conclusion To reduce older women’s delay in seeking help, healthcare professionals should provide public health education that emphasizes sex-related disparities, and age-specific knowledge-attitude aspects to high-risk groups. Policy-based and health administration recommendations, including e-health information support, access to care, and social-environmental factors, should be highlighted to promote women’s health behavior.
Management and 1-Year Outcome in Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture Surgery Receiving Anticoagulation (Warfarin or DOAc) or P2Y12 Antiplatelet Agents

(1) Background: Little prospective data exist regarding the perioperative management and long-term prognosis of elderly patients receiving treatment with antithrombotic drugs and undergoing urgent surgery for a hip fracture. (2) Methods: The study included patients who required hip surgery and were receiving warfarin, DOAc or P2Y12 antiplatelet agents at the moment of trauma. Ongoing antithrombotic treatment was managed according to existing recommendations. The endpoints of the study were the time to surgery, perioperative bleeding, the need for transfusion and, finally, mortality, major cardiovascular events and re-hospitalization at 6 and 12 months. (3) Results: The study included a total of 138 patients. The mean age was 86 years; 75.4% were female. Eighty-two received DOAc, thirty-six received warfarin and twenty received P2Y12 inhibitors. The controls were 283 age- and sex-matched patients who did not receive antithrombotic treatment. A total of 38% of patients receiving warfarin underwent surgery <48 h, 52% receiving DOAc, 55% receiving P2Y12 inhibitors and, finally, 82% in the control group. Perioperative bleeding and the need for transfusion were not different between the four groups. Mortality at 6 months was higher in patients receiving warfarin and P2Y12 inhibitors (30% and 25%) in comparison to DOAc and the control group (11.6% and 10% p < 0.0001). Similarly, the other endpoints were more frequent in patients receiving warfarin and P2Y12 inhibitors. The trend was maintained for 12 months. No significant differences in mortality were found between early (<48 h) and late (>48 h) surgery independent of the type of treatment. (4) Conclusions: Our study confirmed that anticoagulants delay surgery in patients with hip fractures; however, intervention > 48 h is not associated with a poorer prognosis. This finding is relevant as it underlines that, in patients at high risk of postoperative cardiovascular complications, the careful management of anticoagulation before surgery may compensate for the delay of surgery with a very low in-hospital mortality rate (<1%). One-year survival was significantly lower in patients receiving warfarin, probably related to their worse risk profile at the moment of trauma survival.
Taphonomy of the Danek Bonebed: a monodominant Edmontosaurus (Hadrosauridae) bonebed from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta

The Danek Bonebed (Horsethief Member, Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Late Campanian) is dominated by the remains of at least 12 Edmontosaurus regalis. Skeletal remains of a tyrannosaurid and ceratopsid are also known. The predominantly disarticulated remains were interred on a periodically inundated floodplain and, although the cause of death is unknown, a sudden, catastrophic death explains the demographic spread, faunal diversity, rare greenstick fractures, and homogeneous weathering/abrasion categories of the assemblage. The Danek Bonebed shares a similar taphonomic signature to the Liscomb Bonebed (Prince Creek Formation, Alaska), but it is unique among all other described hadrosaurid bonebeds in the unusually high proportion of bite-marked bones (∼30%), suggesting scavenging played a major role in the reworking of the assemblage. The highest frequency of bite marks is found on small, often unidentifiable (and commonly ignored) bone fragments, underscoring the role that such fragments can play in taphono.
Trench investigations of the 1915 Fucino earthquake fault scarps (Abruzzo, central Italy): Geological evidence of large historical events

Earthquake hazard analyses in Italy are mainly based on historical seismic catalogs. However, the completeness of the Italian catalog, which spans more than 2000 years, progressivcly decreases going back in time. In the Fucino basin, historical research has not produced evidence of large earthquakes before the January 13, 1915, event (M s = 7.0 ; 33,000 people killed). This event generated surface faulting along at least two parallel Quaternary normal faults bounding the eastern side of the basin (the Celano-Gioia and Parasano-Cerchio faults), over an end-to-end length of about 23 km, with a downthrow of 30-90 cm toward southwest. To improve geological aspects of the seismic history of this area, we trenched onc of the coseismic scarps along the Celano-Gioia fault. At a trench site, near the village of San Benedetto de' Marsi, the fault traverses the area formerly covered by the Fucino Lake, drained for farming in 1875 A.D. The evidence collected in the trenchcs suggests at least two large events in historical times before 1915. Radiocarbon dates constrain the age of event B between the 6th and the 9th centuries A.D., possibly coinciding with the cvent felt in Rome in 801 A.D. [Molin arid Guidoboni, 1989]. Event A probably occurred after the 10th ccntury A.D. and almost certainly before the 1349 A.D. earthquake, because historical studies show (1) that event A was not produced during the earthquake sequence that occurred in central Italy in 1349 A.D. [Molin and Guidoboni, 1989] and (2) that the post-1349 seismic catalog can be regarded as complete for surface faulting earthquakes. Surface displacements determined for events A and B, compared to the 1915 surface faulting, indicate that M > 6.5 earthquakes were associated with each rupturc. These obscrvations suggest that the return period for large earthquakes in the Fucino basin is shorter than that indicated by the historical record alone. The Fucino example clearly shows that thc cxceptionally long historical record in Italy is still inadequate for a comprehcnsive seismic hazard characterization.
Atlantic surface water inflow to the Nordic seas during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition (mid–late Younger Dryas and Pre‐Boreal periods, 12 450–10 000 a BP)

The inflow of Atlantic Water to the Nordic seas from mid–late Younger Dryas to earliest Holocene (12 450–10 000 a BP) is reconstructed on the basis of a high‐resolution core (LINK14) from 346 m water depth on the east Faroe shelf. We have analysed the distribution of planktic and benthic foraminifera, stable isotopes and ice‐rafted debris (IRD), and calculated absolute temperatures and salinities by transfer functions. During the investigated time period there was almost continuous inflow of Atlantic Water to the Nordic seas. Deposition of IRD during the mid–late Younger Dryas and Pre‐Boreal coolings indicates the presence of melting icebergs and that summer sea surface temperatures were low. The east–west temperature gradient across the Faroe–Shetland Channel was much steeper than today. The cold conditions around the Faroe Islands are attributed to stronger East Greenland and East Icelandic currents than at present. The near‐continuous inflow of Atlantic Water is consistent with published evidence suggesting that deep convection took place in the Nordic seas, although the convection sites probably had shifted to a more easterly position than at present. Around the time of deposition of the Saksunarvatn Tephra c. 10 350 a BP, sea surface temperatures increased to the present level. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of ice supersaturated regions and thin cirrus on radiation in the midlatitudes

[1] In this study we investigate the radiative impact of ice supersaturated regions (ISSRs, i.e., cloud free air masses in the upper troposphere that are supersaturated with respect to ice) and thin cirrus. For this purpose we use corrected radiosonde data obtained from routine measurements over the meteorological observatory in Lindenberg, Germany. The radiative effect of the measured ice supersaturation is determined. By constructing an idealized profile from the measurement data the radiative properties of ISSRs and thin cirrus containing ice supersaturation were studied. The impact of ISSRs on the surface forcing is negligible but locally, within the vertical profile, changes in the heating rates up to 1 K d -1 for typical values of 130% relative humidity with respect to ice compared to the saturated profiles are found. This is also important for the local dynamics within the supersaturated layers. The outgoing longwave radiation due to the enhanced water vapor content inside ISSRs decreases up to 0.8 W m -2 . The radiative impact of thin cirrus is much stronger. Thin cirrus influence the surface budget, the top of the atmosphere radiation and the vertical profile of the heating rates. Changes in the outgoing longwave radiation and in the reflected shortwave flux at top of the atmosphere up to 64 W m -2 and 79 W m -2 , respectively, are possible. Changes in the surface flux (downward) up to 89 W m -2 are found. The maximal heating rate differences between thin cirrus and ISSR amount to 15 K d -1 . The radiative impact of thin cirrus clouds depends strongly on cloud ice content and the size of the ice crystals. Additionally, the radiative impact of cirrus formed by parameterizations not allowing ice supersaturations in large-scale models is estimated. The errors due to artificially formed cirrus are quite large; differences up to 3 K d -1 in the vertical heating profiles and up to 38 and 40 W m -2 in the outgoing longwave radiation and the surface flux, respectively, are found. Thus we recommend using physically based parameterizations in GCMs which allow ice supersaturation.
Drive-bys and Trade-ups: The Impact of Crime on Residential Mobility Patterns in Los Angeles

Author(s): Hipp, John R; Tita, George E; Greenbaum, Robert T | Abstract: "Most prior research testing the hypothesis of the social disorganization theory that residential instability increases crime has used cross-sectional data. Using a unique dataset linking home sales address matched to census tracts with crime data in Los Angeles, we test the direction of this relationship using a six-year panel data design. We also test whether crime acts as a generator of transition and decline in neighborhoods by testing its effect on property values the following year. Our findings suggest little evidence that home sales volatility in one year leads to more property or violent crime the following year. Instead, higher levels of tract property and violent crime in one year lead to more home sales the following year. This effect of high crime rates is exacerbated in tracts with high levels of racial/ethnic heterogeneity, suggesting that such tracts may engender a distinct combination of fear and uncertainty in their residents, leading to more turn over. We also find that tracts with more violent crime one year have lower property values the following year, suggesting a general process of decline. "
Normal‐faulting earthquakes beneath the outer slope of the Japan Trench after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake: Implications for the stress regime in the incoming Pacific plate

After the 2011 Mw 9.1 Tohoku earthquake, numerous intraplate earthquakes occurred beneath the outer slope of the Japan Trench. Based on ocean bottom seismograph observations, these earthquakes occurred in the oceanic crust and uppermost mantle of the Pacific plate at depths shallower than about 40 km and had normal‐faulting focal mechanisms at all depths. Before the 2011 earthquake, normal‐faulting earthquakes beneath the outer trench slope occurred only at depths shallower than 20 km, whereas those at depths of around 40 km had reverse‐faulting mechanisms. These observations suggest that the stress regime in the Pacific plate was changed by the 2011 earthquake. The tensional stresses that now extend to depths of about 40 km may play an important role not only in the occurrence of large normal‐faulting earthquakes but also in hydration of the uppermost mantle of the incoming Pacific plate prior to the subduction.
Well‐posedness of reynolds averaged equations for compressible fluids with a vanishing pressure

We show that the Reynolds averaged equations for compressible fluids (neglecting third order correlations) are well‐posed in Hs$$ {H}&amp;#x0005E;s $$ when the pressure vanishes in dimensions d=2$$ d&amp;#x0003D;2 $$ and 3. In order to do this, we show that the system is Friedrichs‐symmetrizable. This model belongs to the class of non‐conservative hyperbolic systems. Hence the usual symmetrisation method for conservation laws can not be used here.
Entry Threats and Pricing in the Generic Drug Industry

We provide the first analysis of potential competition in the generic drug industry. Our identification strategy exploits a provision of the Hatch-Waxman Act that rewards 180 days of marketing exclusivity to the first generic drug applicant against the holder of a branded drug patent. This provision creates observable drug-level variation in both actual and potential competition that allows us to identify their separate effects. We find mixed evidence of price being used as a strategic entry deterrent. In smaller drug markets where entry is more easily deterred, we find that price falls in response to an increase in potential competition. We also find that few manufacturers enter these markets after the Hatch-Waxman exclusivity period, indicating this price reduction is an effective deterrent. In contrast, in larger drug markets the incumbent accommodates entry by lowering price only after competing manufacturers enter the market.
Development and characterization of a fast measurement system for gas-phase nitric acid with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer in the marine boundary layer

[1] A chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) and an automated air sampling/background signal measurement system designed for fast, reliable, and continuous ground-based measurement of gas-phase nitric acid (HNO3) were developed and characterized in a remote marine boundary layer site, Rishiri Island Observatory in Japan, under various meteorological conditions. HNO3 transmission efficiency of air sampling line, interference of NO and NO2 by corona discharge ion source, time response, detection sensitivity, and detection limit of the system were determined under the ambient condition. Detection limit of the system, defined as 3 times the standard deviation of background signal, varied depending on the atmospheric HNO3 concentration, 3–5 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) for the clean condition (HNO3 < 100 pptv) and 15–20 pptv for the polluted condition (HNO3 1–2 ppbv) with 2-s integration time. The determining factor of HNO3 transmission efficiency (HNO3 loss) and critical points for reliable and fast measurement of gas-phase HNO3 in the marine boundary layer were identified on the basis of field and laboratory tests of the CIMS system.
Domain Adaptation With Multi-Adversarial Learning for Open-Set Cross-Domain Intelligent Bearing Fault Diagnosis

Adversarial domain adaptation and transfer learning have been widely applied in the field of cross-domain fault diagnosis. However, the effectiveness of existing domain adaptation-based diagnostic methods relies on the assumption that both the source and the target domain data share the same label space. In practice, it is impossible to predict the failure mode during testing, and new failure types may appear in the target domain samples. This is an open-set fault diagnosis issue. To address this problem, we propose a multi-adversarial learning domain adaption (MALDA) model for open-set cross-domain intelligent bearing fault diagnosis. The transferable features and target sample weights are obtained in adversarial learning. By introducing a transfer weight conditional adversarial network to align the joint feature-category distributions and obtain a transferable index, the identifiable predictive information from the classifier output to further adjust and optimize the model. Selective interterritory distribution alignment is achieved by weighted adversarial learning networks, and domain partition adversarial learning can accurately identify shared health states and unknown failure modes. The validity and practicality of the proposed MALDA model are validated by three experimental cases.
Directivity analysis of the Deep Bolivian Earthquake of June 9, 1994

The June 9, 1994 deep Bolivian earthquake (M W = 8.3, d = 636 km) occurred on a nearly horizontal rupture plane with an approximate area of 2000 km 2 . The rupture plane is constrained by directivity analysis of the P wave displacement pulses recorded at local, regional, and teleseismic distances. The fact that there are local recordings of the displacement provides a strong constraint on the vertical extent of faulting, which is less than ∼10 km. The moment release had at least four distinct episodes, or subevents. The best overall explanation for the subevents is rupture which initiates on the western margin of the fault plane, propagates to the east, and then continues bilaterally along a 350° azimuth, with most of the moment release occurring to the north. The apparent rupture velocity between subevents is very low, approximately 1-2 km/s.
Fault Ride through Capability Enhancement of Grid-connected DFIG-based Wind Power Generation During Voltage Dips

Doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind energy sources have undergone fast expansions worldwide which leads to challenges related to low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability. Mitigating the problem related to dynamic voltage stability specifically voltage dip is essential to keep the wind generators connected to the grid during faults. This paper analyzes the impact of increasing wind power share and proposes a new control strategy to improve LVRT capability to allow higher penetration levels of wind power. The proposed control scheme of DFIG-based wind turbines uses static synchronous compensator and rotor over-speeding strategies. The effectiveness of the proposed LVRT capability is verified using the IEEE 39-bus test system. The dynamic simulation shows that an increase in wind power penetration level has deteriorated system stability, while implementation of the proposed scheme has resulted in improving the DFIG fault ride-through capability by decreasing voltage dip and rotor currents and thus, enhancing system stability.