Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preface Collaborative Knowledge Construction

The focus on knowledge has shifted during the last decades. Nowadays, lifelong learning and the ability to work with knowledge belong to the key skills of our society. This is reflected by authors using terms like knowledge society (e.g., Nonaka, 1994) or knowledge age (e.g., Bereiter, 2002). The quantity of information, which is generated and also accessible due to the new information and communication technologies, requires new strategies of information processing and exchange. It requires the individual as well as the society to keep their knowledge up to date, which results in a continuous process of knowledge generation (see Nonaka, 1994). In this way, it is not more enough to acquire knowledge and rely on it—learners find themselves in a permanent process of knowledge construction and rebuilding. Consequently, also learning scenarios have changed. Teaching cannot be seen anymore from the perspective of a teacher who is passing his or her knowledge to students and also learning cannot be seen any more as memorizing things presented by a teacher (see Ertl, Winkler & Mandl, 2007). Such kinds of learning would rather result in inert knowledge—knowledge which is reproducible for tests but not applicable by the learners (see Renkl, Mandl & Gruber, 1996). According to constructivist approaches, learners have to construct their knowledge actively to create applicable knowledge. Thus, active knowledge construction in collaborative scenarios is provided by approaches like cognitive apprenticeship describe four important processes for collaborative knowledge construction: Learners' externalization and elicitation of knowledge, their conflict-oriented negotiation and their consensus-oriented integration. Externalization and elicitation relate to the exchange of knowledge in which the learning partners present their knowledge and query mutually for resolving deficits. These processes are complemented by conflict-oriented negotiation and consensus-oriented integration, which describe that learning partners have to negotiate about different viewpoints and integrate them to construct a shared knowledge base for collaboration. The development of this shared knowledge base can be a goal collaborative knowledge construction as well as the funda-ment for further collaborative activities, for example in learning communities. In sum, collaborative knowledge construction is attributed with many benefits for learners (see e.
Analytic Model of the Deflection of Piezoelectric Unimorph and Bimorph Structures with Numerical Verification

The constitutive equations of multi-layered piezoelectric structures are derived in a new form. In this form, the electromechanical coupling is presented as an additional stiffness matrix. This matrix is a true property of the piezoelectric structure and is independent of specific mechanical boundary conditions that may apply to the structure. A novel model of the electromechanical response of such structures is presented. This model accounts for the 3D kinematics of the structure deformation. Solution of example problems using the new model shows excellent agreement with full 3D finite element simulations. These solutions are also compared with the results of previous 2D model approximations presented in literature, and the inaccuracies associated with these previous models are discussed
Monte Carlo simulations of protein folding under confining potentials

We present a theoretical investigation of the folding of small proteins assisted by chaperones. We describe the proteins in the framework of an effective potential model which contains the Ramachandran angles as degrees of freedom. The cage of chaperonins is modeled by an external confining potential which is also able to take into account hydrophobic and hydrophilic effects inside the cavity. Using the Wang-Landau algorithm [Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 2050 (2001)] we determine the density of states g(E) and analyze in detail the thermodynamical properties of the confined proteins for different sizes of the cage. We show how the confinement through the chaperon dramatically reduces the phase space available for the protein leading to a much faster folding process. Slightly hydrophobic cages seem to make the native structure more stable. However, not any confining potential helps folding. If the inner walls of the cage are strongly hydrophobic, a denaturation process is induced, in which the proteins partially unfold and stick to the walls.
A 3D correlation model for MIMO non-isotropic scattering with arbitrary antenna arrays

We introduce a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) space-time-frequency wireless channel model for the wave propagation in three-dimensional (3D) space. The cross-correlation function (CCF) between two subchannels of the MIMO communication system is decomposed into some non-negative functions. These functions are expressed in terms of a selection of channel parameters, such as the carrier frequencies, the delay profile, the path-loss exponent, the softness factor, /spl theta/, the non-uniform distribution of directions of arrival and departure, array geometries, and the mobile speed. We introduce a class of distributions for the elevation angle (EA) spreads as a basis such that any arbitrary (isotropic or non-isotropic) EA distribution can be represented by a convex linear combination of this class. The corresponding term of the CCF of the 3D-MIMO model for any EA distribution equals to the same linear combination of the basic CCF terms associated to the class. This 3D-MIMO model formulates the CCF as a function the spacial separation of antennas, time, and carrier frequencies in terms of physical channel parameters such as mobile speed, delay profile and distribution of scavengers around mobile and base stations.
Differintegral interpolation from a bandlimited signal's samples

The Whittaker-Shannon cardinal series dictates that any L 2 bandlimited signal is defined everywhere by its (sufficiently closely spaced) sample values. This paper derives those interpolation functions necessary for direct evaluation of such a signal's derivatives, integrals, and fractional derivatives directly from the sample values. Generation and recursion formulas for these interpolation functions are presented.
Chitosan gel containing polymeric nanocapsules: a new formulation for vaginal drug delivery

The vaginal route of administration is an alternative for several treatments for either local or systemic pharmacological effects. However, the permanence of a drug in this route represents a challenge for formulation development that can be overcome by using nanoencapsulation and chitosan gel. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the performance of chitosan hydrogels containing cationic and anionic acrylic-based nanocapsules (Eudragit® RS 100 and Eudragit® S 100, respectively) with Nile red as a model of lipophilic substance in the vaginal route of administration, as measured by increases in the residence time and the penetration of these formulations. Several formulations were prepared with increasing chitosan concentrations, and were analyzed in terms of pH and rheological behavior so that the most suitable formulation could be selected. The enhancement of the adhesion (tensile stress test and washability profile) and penetration (confocal laser scanning microscopy and extraction followed by quantification) properties of the formulations, when applied to porcine vaginal mucosa, were evaluated. The nanocapsule suspensions produced presented adequate properties: size of approximately 200 nm (polydispersity index of ≤v0.2); zeta potential around +10 mV for the cationic formulation and -10 mV for the anionic formulation; and pH values of 6.1±0.1 (Eudragit RS 100), 5.3±0.2 (Eudragit S 100), 6.2±0.1 (Nile red loaded Eudragit RS 100), and 5.1±0.1 (Nile red loaded Eudragit S 100). The chitosan formulation presented suitable viscosity for vaginal application and acidic pH (approximately 4.5). The tensile stress test showed that both formulations containing polymeric nanocapsules presented higher mucoadhesion when compared with the formulation without nanocapsules. In the washability experiment, no significant differences were found between formulations. Confocal microscopy and fluorescence quantification after extraction from the mucosa showed higher penetration of Nile red when it was nanoencapsulated, particularly in cationic nanocapsules. The formulations developed based on chitosan gel vehicle at 2.5% weight/weight containing polymeric nanocapsules, especially the cationic nanocapsules, demonstrated applicability for the vaginal delivery of hydrophobic substances.
A Comparison of Dynamic Piezoactuation of Fiber-based Actuators and Conventional PZT Patches

This work aims to extend investigations of the dynamic flexural actuation of a cantilever beam to fiber-based actuators (e.g., active fiber composite (AFC) or macro-fiber composite (MFC)), which consist of a single level of unidirectionally aligned piezoceramic fibers surrounded by a polymer matrix and electrically loaded by interdigitated electrodes. The main advantage of such actuators is their poling in the same direction as the beam length, i.e., they are able to act with the piezoelectric strain constant d 33 that is about two times higher than the piezoelectric strain constant d 31 used in PZT patches. Modeling using the finite element method is based on the multiplication in both plane directions of a unit cell, which is taken as a fiber unit (with its matrix) within two pairs of half-electrodes of the same polarity. Modeling of the whole system is possible practically only with MFC actuators, whose fibers have a rectangular section, thus reducing the number of required finite elements. In addition to a non-uniform longitudinal free extension of the electrically loaded piezofiber-based actuator, a lateral free shearing has been calculated, which results in a non-planar deformation of the actuator. When two such MFC actuators are bonded on both sides of an aluminum cantilever beam and loaded in the antiphase mode, they conduct into all flexural resonance modes of the actuated beam, as expected. However, a slight interference by the torsion eigenmodes of the actuated beam has also been detected, which was not present in the actuation type using (leadzirconate titanate) PZT patches. The experimental validation of these FEM results first confirms the static values for free strain components of the MFC actuator depending on the loading voltage, then dynamic values regarding the eigenfrequencies, as well as the acceleration amplitudes of the MFC actuated vibrating beam.
Poverty, inequality and environmental resources: quantitative analysis of rural households

Rural households have been suspected to rely heavily on goods and services freely provided by environmental resources. However, there has been no adequate quantitative analysis of this issue due to a lack of appropriate household data sets encompassing economic and environmental data. We use a purpose-collected 213 household data set from rural Zimbabwe to investigate the impact of incorporating this missing source of household welfare on quantitative analysis of the measurement and causes of rural poverty and inequality. Incorporating environmental income in the household accounts results in dramatic and significant reductions in measured poverty, 50 percent or more over income as conventionally measured. Environmental income is also strongly and significantly equalising, bringing about roughly a 30 percent reduction in measured inequality. So access to commons resources has a substantial impact on poverty and inequality. However, including the value of environmental utilisations leaves analysis of the causes of rural differentiation unchanged: these resources do not alleviate the poverty trap.
Designing Project-Based Courses with a Focus on Group Formation and Assessment

The value and the pitfalls of project and group work are well recognized. The principles and elements which apply to projects in general, apply to project-based courses. Thoughtful and detailed planning, understanding of the stakeholders and their needs, a good design, appropriate testing, monitoring and quality control and continual management can maximize the benefits and minimize the negatives. In this article we draw together the literature to consider key design choices of project-based courses considering: type, length, size, management, participants, and content with a particular focus on the composition of groups and the issues surrounding assessment.
Draft genome sequence of a natural isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiae from Colombia

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 202-3, natural isolated from Colombia, used in bioethanol production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysates with the ability of innate xylose consumption. The draft genome information provides useful insights into metabolic engineering for the production of bioethanol from biomass.
The Structure and Determinants of Wage Relativities: Evidence from Australia

Reflections on wage theory human capital model - a theoretical overview wages in practice - wage fixing in Australia human capital and earnings - a review of the literature determinants of male relative earnings determinants of female relative earnings equitable comparisons and spillover forces in wage determination summary and conclusion. Appendices: human capital and earnings, a summary of Australian empirical literature measuring gender wage discrimination definition of variables used in Chapter 5 and 6 variable definitions and computations associated with Chapter 7.
Optimal camera path planning for 3D visualisation

Virtual cameras motion is crucial to properly lay out virtual scenarios on the screen. Despite the wide range of camera path planners, none have yet reached realism. In this work, we propose a novel camera path planning algorithm that generates accurate camera attributes continuously in time. Based on a set of known viewpoints, our solution computes a curvature-minimising path that optimally links keyframes. The computation of the linking segments is based on Pythagorean Hodographs (PH) interpolation technique. The result is a smooth and informative camera motion that in turn conveys the events of 3D scene faithfully.
Volcanoes of l-isogenies of elliptic curves over finite fields: the case l=3

This paper is devoted to the study of the volcanoes of l-isogenies of elliptic curves over a finite field, focusing on their height as well as on the location of curves across its different levels. The core of the paper lies on the relationship between the l-Sylow subgroup of an elliptic curve and the level of the volcano where it is placed. The particular case l = 3 is studied in detail, giving an algorithm to determine the volcano of 3-isogenies of a given elliptic curve. Experimental results are also provided.
Development of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 as a Phototrophic Cell Factory

Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) play profound roles in ecology and biogeochemistry. One model cyanobacterial species is the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. This species is highly amenable to genetic modification. Its genome has been sequenced and many systems biology and molecular biology tools are available to study this bacterium. Recently, researchers have put significant efforts into understanding and engineering this bacterium to produce chemicals and biofuels from sunlight and CO2. To demonstrate our perspective on the application of this cyanobacterium as a photosynthesis-based chassis, we summarize the recent research on Synechocystis 6803 by focusing on five topics: rate-limiting factors for cell cultivation; molecular tools for genetic modifications; high-throughput system biology for genome wide analysis; metabolic modeling for physiological prediction and rational metabolic engineering; and applications in producing diverse chemicals. We also discuss the particular challenges for systems analysis and engineering applications of this microorganism, including precise characterization of versatile cell metabolism, improvement of product rates and titers, bioprocess scale-up, and product recovery. Although much progress has been achieved in the development of Synechocystis 6803 as a phototrophic cell factory, the biotechnology for “Compounds from Synechocystis” is still significantly lagging behind those for heterotrophic microbes (e.g., Escherichia coli).
Multi-objective supplier selection and order allocation under quantity discounts with fuzzy goals and fuzzy constraints

This paper investigates a multi-objective supplier selection and order allocation problem under quantity discounts in a fuzzy environment. Prior research on supplier selection and order allocation with quantity discounts mainly considered partial fuzziness of the decision problem; a situation where both the objectives of the decision maker and the constraints are fuzzy has not been studied up to now. This paper closes this gap by integrating both aspects into a single model. First, a combination of fuzzy preference programming and interval-based TOPSIS is proposed for evaluating suppliers. Secondly, based on the scores obtained in the first step, a fuzzy multi-objective linear programming model is developed. Subsequently, a new solution procedure for solving the fuzzy multi-objective linear programming model is presented. The procedure first transforms fuzzy constraints and coefficients into deterministic coefficients, and then three different fuzzy programming approaches, namely interactive fuzzy multi-objective linear programming, and the weighted additive as well as the weighted max-min method are implemented. Finally, the performance of each method is evaluated by computing the distance between each solution and the preferred solution.
Linked open data representation of historical heritage of Bangladesh

The historical heritage is a vast domain that generates distributed and heterogeneous data repositories in the existing World Wide Web (WWW). The integration of these heterogeneous data repositories and retrieving data from WWW using traditional search engine is a challenging task. In this regard, our research is to demonstrate the feasibility of semantic web technology for creating machine understandable description of entities associated with the creation and maintenance of historical heritage of Bangladesh. Moreover, our proposed approach uses the essence of semantic knowledge base composed of real historical heritage data that are interlinked with data from the Geo-Bangladesh, a machine understandable Linked Open Data (LOD) repository of geographic related data to the administrative structure of Bangladesh and retrieve specific information using semantic search tools like SPARQL. We perform a number of experiments with SPARQL to retrieve and inference specific information that shows usefulness of our proposed Linked Open Data on historical heritage of Bangladesh.
Long-term effects of bullying

Bullying is the systematic abuse of power and is defined as aggressive behaviour or intentional harm-doing by peers that is carried out repeatedly and involves an imbalance of power. Being bullied is still often wrongly considered as a ‘normal rite of passage’. This review considers the importance of bullying as a major risk factor for poor physical and mental health and reduced adaptation to adult roles including forming lasting relationships, integrating into work and being economically independent. Bullying by peers has been mostly ignored by health professionals but should be considered as a significant risk factor and safeguarding issue.
A Protection of the Electrolytic Capacitor-less Drive System against the Input Grid Interruption

This paper presents a protection strategy for the semiconductor switches in an electrolytic capacitor-less converter. The proposed protection strategy can prevent them from breaking down of the semiconductors due to the over-voltage stress caused by the regenerative energy flowing from the load to the grid at the moment when the source lines are disconnected by the grid interruption. The energy stored in the inductor may result in excessive over-voltage in DC bus due to the very small DC capacitance in the electrolytic capacitor-less converter. The energy at q-axis can be dumped to d-axis while the DC bus voltage is maintained within an allowable range by the proposed active current regulation during the interruption. The proposed protection strategy is verified by the experiments with an elevator system which has a 10.8kW, 380V permanent magnet AC motor as a hoist machine
Finding solutions to sudoku puzzles using human intuitive heuristics

Sudoku is a logical puzzle that has achieved international popularity. Given this, there have been a number of computer solvers developed for this puzzle. Various methods including genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, particle swarm optimization and harmony search have been evaluated for this purpose. The approach described in this paper combines human intuition and optimization to solve Sudoku problems. The main contribution of this paper is a set of heuristic moves, incorporating human expertise, to solve Sudoku puzzles. The paper investigates the use of genetic programming to optimize a space of programs composed of these heuristics moves, with the aim of evolving a program that can produce a solution to the Sudoku problem instance. Each program is a combination of randomly selected moves. The approach was tested on 1800 Sudoku puzzles of differing difficulty. The approach presented was able to solve all 1800 problems, with a majority of these problems being solved in under a second. For a majority of the puzzles evolution was not needed and random combinations of the moves created during the initial population produced solutions. For the more difficult problems at least one generation of evolution was needed to find a solution. Further analysis revealed that solution programs for the more difficult problems could be found by enumerating random combinations of the move operators, however at a cost of higher runtimes. The performance of the approach presented was found to be comparable to other methods used to solve Sudoku problems and in a number of cases produced better results.
Local-global intersection homology

This paper defines new intersection homology groups. The basic idea is this. Ordinary homology is locally trivial. Intersection homology is not. It may have significant local cycles. A local-global cycle is defined to be a family of such local cycles that is, at the same time, a global cycle. The motivating problem is the numerical characterisation of the flag vectors of convex polytopes. Central is a study of the cycles on a cone and a cylinder, in terms of those on the base. This leads to the topological definition of local-global intersection homology, and a formula for the expected Betti numbers of toric varieties. Various related questions are also discussed.
Specific Human Detection from Surveillance Video Based on Color Invariant Moments

This paper describes a detection framework to find a specific person from different videos by combining movement information with color invariant features. Special color invariant moment features based on color clustering are presented. Similarity measure method based on the color invariant moment descriptors is given. This method is applied in a practical application system and the experimental result demonstrates that the proposed features have a stronger ability of color based image region similarity discriminating than the traditional color features.