Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning to synthesise contradictions: an Austrian approach to bridging time concepts in the strategic theory of the firm

Moving from an inquiry on the notions of time underlying strategy studies, in this paper we lay the groundwork for the elaboration of a multitemporal view of the firm. We draw on the Austrian process view in economic studies and on Nonaka’s idea of synthesising capabilities to formulate a methodological framework which consents the elaboration of a multitemporal view of the resource-based firm, in which different time concepts are bridged and main actor behaviours crucial for prolonged firm success are encompassed. We then show how the multitemporal view of the firm which emerges from the deployment of the integration of the Austrian and Nonakian approaches consents the reinterpretation and maintenance of the concepts elaborated within both the static and the dynamic strategy literature and, eventually, also to expand our understanding of the causal relationships between strategic management and a number of other areas of inquiry in the management field.
Estimate of Infant HIV-Free Survival at 6 to 8 Weeks of Age Due to Maternal Antiretroviral Prophylaxis in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2004-2005

The objective of this study is to estimate the number of infants alive and HIV-free at 6 to 8 weeks in sub-Saharan Africa due to intervention with antiretroviral prophylaxis to prevent mother-to-child transmission. The number of additional uninfected live infants at 6 to 8 weeks of age due to prophylaxis was calculated using prevalence and prophylaxis data from the World Health Organization and United Nations Children's Fund and data on the efficacy of nevirapine and birth and mortality rates among infants of infected mothers who received prophylaxis in sub-Saharan Africa. Approximately 31 474 African infants were spared from HIV infection or death by 6 to 8 weeks of age due to prophylaxis in 2004 and 2005. The number of infections and deaths averted per year increased from 13 710 in 2004 to 17 764 in 2005. The estimated number of infant HIV infections and deaths averted in 2004 and 2005 due to prophylaxis is encouraging.
Investment Obstacles in the Manufacturing Sector in FYR Macedonia: Do the Subsector Specifics Matter?

We provide clear insights into the key foreign direct investment obstacles for the manufacturing sector in FYR of Macedonia, an EU candidate country. The survey results, based on data for 79 manufacturing companies, revealed that the investors in this particular sector perceive the bureaucratic and administrative constraints, corruption and bribery, and the lack of law enforcement as three major investment obstacles. Furthermore, we found that the perception of the investment obstacles largely differ depending on the industry the companies operate in, the country of origin, and the export orientation. Therefore, we recommend a tailor-made approach in pursuing the national investment promotion policies and strategies.
Consumption of Dairy Products in Urban China: Results from Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou

Using urban survey data collected by the authors in 2001-02, this paper analyses demographics, cultural factors and purchasing behaviours influencing the consumption of fresh milk, yogurt, ice cream and powered milk in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, China. Results from estimation of a double-hurdle model of consumption show that income and marketing channels are the key determinants of milk consumption levels; however, education, advertising and convenience play a more important role in consumption of other dairy products. There is some evidence that milk powder, as a consumer good, may be becoming an inferior product in urban China. Finally, the survey data suggest that the growing sophistication of China's retail sector is influencing consumption of dairy products. Copyright 2007 The Authors Journal compilation 2007 Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society Inc. .
Estimating Returns to Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching at the State Level

Abstract The majority of decisions concerning investment and allocation of public funds for agricultural research, extension, and teaching (RET) are made at the state-level, while most of the quantitative RET evaluations are made on a national basis. This paper illustrates an approach for conducting a disaggregated state-level evaluation of agricultural research, extension, and teaching. Ridge regression is employed to handle multicollinearity problems.
Opportunities for fiscal devaluation in small open economies: the case of Ukraine

This article examines the effects of fiscal devaluation on the trade balance of a country with a small open economy. It is assumed that typically such countries are price takers, which means low price elasticity of exports and imports. If this assumption is true, then it is impossible to make an impact on the trade balance through the price mechanism and, accordingly, fiscal devaluation will not have significant effects. To confirm or reject this hypothesis it is necessary to determine causal relationships between changes in the fiscal devaluation indicator and trade balance dynamics. Applying a series of causality tests to Ukrainian data, the authors argue that the dynamics of trade balance cause changes in VAT and social security contributions. The opposite causality was not detected. This is treated as evidence of fiscal devaluation's inefficiency in economies like Ukraine on one hand and of the price-taking characteristics of Ukraine on the other. The potential null effect of fiscal devaluation was confirmed with SVAR modeling.
A Parallel Algorithm for Reducing Symmetric Banded Matrices to Tridiagonal Form

An algorithm is presented for reducing symmetric banded matrices to tridiagonal form via Householder transformations. The algorithm is numerically stable and is well suited to parallel execution on distributed memory multiple instruction multiple data (MIMD) computers. Numerical experiments on the iPSC/860 hypercube show that the new method yields nearly full speedup if it is run on multiple processors. In addition, even on a single processor the new method usually will be several times faster than the corresponding EISPACK and LAPACK routines.
Low-Sidelobe Air-Filled Slot Array Fabricated Using Silicon Micromachining Technology for Millimeter-Wave Application

A low-sidelobe air-filled slot array is proposed and fabricated using silicon micromachining technology for millimeter-wave application. As is well known, the high-permittivity silicon prohibits the silicon-based antenna from having good performance. Here, this problem is addressed through manufacturing air-filled antenna on silicon substrate. An eight-way unequal power divider is adopted to excite eight air-filled slots and the excitation coefficients present a taper. At the end of the power divider, an air-filled substrate integrated waveguide cavity is used to improve antenna performance and suppress wave leakage, and eight silicon cuboids are stretched into the cavity beneath each slot to acquire good impedance matching. The input interface is selected as the ground-signal-ground structure to facilitate antenna-in-package solution that requires the integration of the antenna and chips or integrated circuits. The three-layered antenna is fabricated using through-wafer etching, gold-plating, optical alignment, and wafer bonding processes. The measured −10 dB impedance bandwidth is 1.27 GHz, and a measured fan-shaped beam at 58.5 GHz with a broadside gain of 11.95 dBi and a sidelobe level of 18.6 dB is obtained. The 3-dB beamwidth is about 14° in H-plane and 8-dB beamwidth is more than 175° in E-plane.
Editors' introduction: Australian industrial relations in transition

Australia's industrial relations system has long been hailed as distinctive in the international arena, although it shares many commonalities with the systems of other countries. This introduction contextualises the articles in this issue, by describing first the birth and development of the system, and secondly the system's most recent and arguably most tumultuous 10 years. The introduction concludes with a pr飩s of the various articles in this special issue. Australia's industrial relations system developed as a hybrid system that set a floor of minimum standards via awards, which provided widespread protection for many workers, including the most vulnerable, but also enabled collective bargaining where unions had sufficient market power. Australia's central, and most distinctive, institutional actor, the arbitration commission, was insulated from direct political interference and was independent in its judgments, although it was required to take into account the views of employers and unions-and government-in making its decisions. In some respects, the history of the Australian industrial relations system is a history of the rise and then fall of Australia's arbitration system. It is the state's institutional architecture that has altered most dramatically, particularly in very recent years, while the roles of unions, large employers and employer associations in industrial relations have undergone evolutionary but not so startling change. The trajectory of changing industrial relations (IR) regulation in Australia can be simplified into three periods: a long period known as 'the Australian settlement', for most of the 20th century (1904-82), followed by a quasi-corporatist system under a Federal Labor government (1983-96) and then a neoliberal roll-out (1996-2007) under a Liberal (conservative) government. An Australian Labour Party (ALP) government, elected in November 2007 with a strong policy platform of rolling back recent conservative-led changes is, at the time of writing, comprehensively amending industrial laws-not to the extent that many in the union movement would prefer, but probably to a greater extent than most employers and their associations would like.
Membrane glycoproteomics of fetal lung fibroblasts using LC/MS

Some aberrant N‐glycosylations are being used as tumor markers, and glycoproteomics is expected to provide novel diagnosis markers and targets of drug developments. However, one has trouble in mass spectrometric glycoproteomics of membrane fraction because of lower intensity of glycopeptides in the existence of surfactants. Previously, we developed a glycopeptide enrichment method by acetone precipitation, and it was successfully applied to human serum glycoproteomics. In this study, we confirmed that this method is useful to remove the surfactants and applicable to membrane glycoproteomics. The glycoproteomic approach to the human fetal lung fibroblasts membrane fraction resulted in the identification of over 272 glycoforms on 63 sites of the 44 glycoproteins. According to the existing databases, the structural features on 41 sites are previously unreported. The most frequently occurring forms at N‐glycosylation site were high‐mannose type containing nine mannose residues (M9) and monosialo‐fucosylated biantennary oligosaccharides. Several unexpected N‐glycans, such as fucosylated complex‐type and fucosylated high‐mannose and/or fucosylated pauci‐mannose types were found in ER and lysosome proteins. Our method provides new insights into transport, biosynthesis, and degradation of glycoproteins.
Constructivist Teaching Model: Implications for Serving Teacher Educators of the Old School Generation

Learners are formally sent to school to be taught by teachers for learning to take place. Students learn both in and outside the school. They even learn from their peers. In the past, the teacher strives to teach in other to cover the provisions in the curriculum. The methods of teaching adopted by the teachers are characteristically teacher centered. The learner, in such situation has no voice or contribution to make. In the past, the way culture prepared young ones soothe them as well as accepts teacher centered approach to teaching. However, the world is changing and people are learning very fast in the face of ICT. Learner centered education is in vogue and it tends to align to the inquisitive and scientific minds of the learners of this up-coming generation. In view of this, the constructivist teaching model is advocated. This requires that the teachers or the younger ones or this generation should be abreast with the constructivist teaching model. For this to be, it demands that teacher educators should in the course of preparing teacher for the future know and use constructivist teaching model in teaching trainee teachers. In this wise, this paper explain the meaning of constructivist model, its goals and characteristics. The paper highlighted the benefits, nature and roles of a constructivist teacher. The implications of the method to teacher educators were not left out.
INTERVAL MAPPING OF CARCASS AND MEAT QUALITY TRAITS IN A DIVERGENT SWINE CROSS

An autosomal scan of the swine genome with 119 polymorphic microsatellite (ms) markers and data from 116 F2 barrows of the University of Illinois Meishan x Yorkshire Swine Resource Families identified genomic regions with effects on variance in carcass composition and meat quality at nominal significance (p-value <0.05). Marker intervals on chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 8 and 12 (SSC1, SSC6, SSC7, SSC8, SSC12) with phenotypic effects on carcass length, 10th rib backfat thickness, average backfat thickness, leaf fat, loin eye area and intramuscular fat content confirm QTL effects identified previously based on genome wide significance (p-value<0.05). Several marker intervals included nominally significant (p-value<0.05) dominance effects on leaf fat, 10th rib backfat thickness, loin eye area, muscle pH and intramuscular fat content.
Infant mortality and low birth weight among black and white infants--United States, 1980-2000.

Despite substantial reductions in U.S. infant mortality during the past several decades, black-white disparities in infant mortality rates persist. One of the Healthy People 2010 national objectives for maternal and infant health is to reduce deaths among infants aged < 1 year to < or = 4.5 per 1,000 live births among all racial/ethnic groups (objective 16-1c). Important determinants of racial/ethnic differences in infant mortality are low birth weight (LBW), defined as < 2500 grams, and very low birth weight (VLBW), defined as < 1500 grams. High birth weight-specific mortality rates (BWSMRs) occur at these low birth weights. Healthy People 2010 goals include reducing LBW to 5% and VLBW to 0.9% of live births (objectives 16-10a and 16-10b, respectively). To assess progress toward meeting these national objectives, CDC analyzed birth and death certificate data from the National Center for Health Statistics. This report describes trends in mortality and birth weight among black and white infants, which indicate persistent black-white disparities and underscore the need for prevention strategies that reduce preterm delivery and specific medical conditions that lead to infant death.
Diagnosis of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia:

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/ dysplasia (ARVC/D) is an inherited cardiomyopathy characterized by the specific right ventricular (RV) involvement and the risk of arrhythmic sudden death.1-6 Distinctive pathologic features are ventricular myocardial atrophy with replacement by fatty or fibrofatty tissue.2-4,6 ARVC/D is familial in more than half of patients in whom the most likely pathogenetic mechanism is a genetically determined RV myocardial dystrophy.3-4,6 Other implicated mechanisms include myocardial inflammation and apoptosis.3 The estimated prevalence of the disease in the general population ranges from 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 10,000.7 It affects men more frequently than women, with a approximate ratio of 3:1. Clinical manifestations develop most often between the second and fourth decade of life and usually are related to ventricular tachycardia of RV origin or ventricular fibrillation leading to cardiac arrest mostly in young people.5,6 Ventricular arrhythmias often are worse during or immediately after exercise, and participation in competitive athletics has been associated with an increased risk for sudden death.8,9 Later in the disease evolution, progression of RV muscle disease and left ventricular involvement may result in right or biventricular heart failure.4 A definitive diagnosis of ARVC/D relies on histopathologic demonstration of fibrofatty infiltration of the RV free wall reaching the endocardium.2,3 This possibility is limited to postmortem analysis of heart specimens, because endomyocardial biopsy rarely reflects transmural changes.6 An “in vivo” diagnosis can be achieved either by genetic screening of gene mutations known to cause the disease or by clinical assessment of phenotypic manifestations such as electrical and morpho-functional abnormalities of the RV.
Unfolding Kinetics of the Human Telomere i-Motif Under a 10 pN Force Imposed by the α-Hemolysin Nanopore Identify Transient Folded-State Lifetimes at Physiological pH

Cytosine (C)-rich DNA can adopt i-motif folds under acidic conditions, with the human telomere i-motif providing a well-studied example. The dimensions of this i-motif are appropriate for capture in the nanocavity of the α-hemolysin (α-HL) protein pore under an electrophoretic force. Interrogation of the current vs time (i–t) traces when the i-motif interacts with α-HL identified characteristic signals that were pH dependent. These features were evaluated from pH 5.0 to 7.2, a region surrounding the transition pH of the i-motif (6.1). When the i-motif without polynucleotide tails was studied at pH 5.0, the folded structure entered the nanocavity of α-HL from either the top or bottom face to yield characteristic current patterns. Addition of a 5′ 25-mer poly-2′-deoxyadensosine tail allowed capture of the i-motif from the unfolded terminus, and this was used to analyze the pH dependency of unfolding. At pH values below the transition point, only folded strands were observed, and when the pH was increased above the transition pH, the number of folded events decreased, while the unfolded events increased. At pH 6.8 and 7.2 4% and 2% of the strands were still folded, respectively. The lifetimes for the folded states at pH 6.8 and 7.2 were 21 and 9 ms, respectively, at 160 mV electrophoretic force. These lifetimes are sufficiently long to affect enzymes operating on DNA. Furthermore, these transient lifetimes are readily obtained using the α-HL nanopore, a feature that is not easily achievable by other methods.
Real estate valuation, cognitive risk, and translational research

Purpose – This paper seeks to consider selected aspects of the relationship between real estate valuation, human cognition, and translational research. Its purpose is to introduce the concept of cognitive risk, to propose a framework for mitigating it, and to develop a stream of translational research to transfer knowledge to real estate valuers.Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes an interdisciplinary conceptual approach towards the development and study of cognitive risk, and its mitigation. It proposes to broaden the study of behavioral issues in real estate valuation beyond cognitive psychology to cognitive science, and also fields such as time studies and human failure, in order to identify and mitigate cognitive risk.Findings – The paper offers a framework as a starting‐point for handling cognitive risk. It borrows the concept of translational research from medicine to discuss how basic theoretical knowledge may be communicated to real estate valuers to improve performance.Originality/value.
An advanced twelve step sensor-less control of brushless DC motor for vehicle cooling fan drive system

This paper presents an advanced sensor-less control for a brushless DC motor (BLDCM) based on twelve step drive scheme. In twelve step drive, the large torque ripple is caused by the current commutation between three phase windings of BLDCM. To solve the problem, this paper proposes the advanced twelve-step sensor-less control to reduce torque ripple. The proposed control has two modes. In two phase commutation mode (TWPCM), the rotor position of BLDCM is estimated by zero crossing point of back EMF and the reference value of duty ratio to control speed of BLDCM is calculated. In three phase commutation mode (THPCM), torque ripple is reduced using the reference duty value that calculated by TWPCM and three phase currents that measured by a single shunt resistor. The effectiveness of the proposed control is verified by the simulation and experiment according to the comparison of the output characteristics between the traditional controls and proposed control.
Globalization and the Rise of City-regions

A world-wide mosaic of large city-regions seems to be over-riding (though is not effacing entirely) an earlier core-periphery system of spatial organization. The economic dynamics of these city-regions are analysed with particular emphasis on the ways in which they tend to generate increasing-returns effects and competitive advantages for local producers. The managerial tasks that these city-regions face raise many new issues about local economic development policy and institution building in the interests of social order. These issues lead on to further questions about democracy and citizenship in the global mosaic of city-regions as well as in the new world system as a whole.
Digitally Assisted IIP2 Calibration for CMOS Direct-Conversion Receivers

A robust digitally assisted self-calibration technique is presented to improve the input-referred second-order-intermodulation intercept point (IIP2) of direct-conversion receivers. The low-power, low-noise 1.8-GHz CMOS receiver prototype relies on digital signal processing to improve analog/RF performance with only a minimum hardware overhead and with no performance penalties on the RF front end and analog baseband. The RF front end achieves an IIP2 better than 60 dBm without external filters between the LNA and downconversion mixers, has a conversion gain of 38.5 dB, a low DSB noise figure of 2.6 dB, and an IIP3 of -17.6 dBm. It consumes 15 mA from a 1.5-V supply, and occupies 1.56 mm2 on a 0.13-μm CMOS process.