Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of ACEIs and ARBs-related adverse drug reaction on patients’ clinical outcomes: a cohort study in UK primary care

Background Adverse drug reaction (ADR) related to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may negatively affect patients’ treatment outcomes. Aim To investigate the impact of ACEIs/ARBs-related ADR consultation on cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and all-cause mortality. Design and setting Propensity score-matched cohort study of ACEIs/ARBs between 2004 and 2019 using UK IQVIA medical research data. Method ADR consultations were identified using standardised designated codes. Propensity scores were calculated based on comorbidities, concomitant medications, frailty, and polypharmacy. Cox’s proportional hazard regression model was used to compare the outcomes between patients in ADR and non-ADR groups. In the secondary analysis, treatment- pattern changes following the ADR were examined and the subsequent outcomes were compared. Results Among 1 471 906 eligible users of ACEIs/ARBs, 13 652 (0.93%) patients had ACEIs/ARBs- related ADR consultation in primary care. Patients with ACEIs/ARBs-related ADR consultation had an increased risk of subsequent CVD events and all- cause mortality in both primary prevention (CVD events: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05 to 1.43; all-cause mortality: aHR 1.14, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.27) and secondary prevention cohorts (CVD events: aHR 1.13, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.21; all-cause mortality: aHR 1.15, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.21). Half (50.19%) of patients with ADR continued to use ACEIs/ARBs, and these patients had a reduced risk of mortality (aHR 0.88, 95% CI = 0.82 to 0.95) compared with those who discontinued using ACEIs/ARBs. Conclusion This study provides information on the burden of ADR on patients and the health system. The findings call for additional monitoring and treatment strategies for patients affected by ADR to mitigate the risks of adverse clinical outcomes.
Does External Debt Being a New Factor of Fiscal Policy Influence a Long-Term Income-Inequality in Pakistan?

One of the most important and difficult economic variables that slow down a nation's economic progress is external debt. An economy where the wealth disparity between rich and poor is considerable will be significantly impacted by debt. A crucial macroeconomic measure of an economy that explains the equitable allocation and distribution of resources among the masses is the GINI index of any nation. The UN SDGs' ultimate objective is to reduce income inequality among the general population of the world's countries. By considering the debt to GDP ratio, this study studies the effect of debt burden and its extensive effects on the inequality of Pakistan's residents. The most popular method of generating income for debt repayment is taxation. The ARDL model is used in this work to investigate the short-and long-term estimations of the debt-inequality nexus. The study concludes that debt raises the burden on the general public in the form of high taxes, and as a result, an increase in the tax-to-GDP ratio causes Pakistan's inequality index to rise. Despite the reliance on internal fund collection in the form of a tax, the study proposes opening up international trade and domestic industry to increase the revenue inflow.
Environmental Performance and a Nation’s Growth: Does the Economic Status and Style of Governance of a Country Matter?

: The literature abounds with studies on the impact of the growth of nations on the environment. However, studies on the ﬁnancial materiality of environmental concerns are found less often. This study aims to determine the impact of environmental concerns on a nation’s GDP per capita (GDPC). In addition, the inﬂuence of developed nations and democracy is also explored. The data for 106 countries and ten years (2011–2020) are procured from World Bank’s ofﬁcial website. The countries with incomplete data for a balanced panel are not included. Panel data econometrics (quantile regression) is applied to analyze the data. Environmental concerns are measured with the help of environmental efﬁciency (EE) using data envelopment analysis (DEA). It is found that environmental efﬁciency (EE) negatively impacts the GDPC for low levels of GDPC. However, no association of EE with GDPC is witnessed in the case of high GDPC levels. In addition, developed nations positively moderate the EE’s impact on the GDPC when the GDPC levels are high. Moreover, democratic nations negatively moderate the EE’s impact on the GDPC when low GDPC levels exist. The main implication of the current study is that developed high GDPC countries could bear a signiﬁcant chunk of the cost of EE. This way, the adverse impact of an increase in EE on the GDPC (by low GDPC counties) could be dodged, and by the efforts of developed high GDPC countries, EE could be increased signiﬁcantly without adversely impacting their GDPC.
ON THE STRUCTURE OF SUBSETS OF THE

The edge isoperimetric inequality in the discrete cube speciﬁes, for each pair of integers m and n , the minimum size g n ( m ) of the edge boundary of an m -element subset of { 0 , 1 } n ; the extremal families (up to automorphisms of the discrete cube) are initial segments of the lexicographic ordering on { 0 , 1 } n . We show that for any m -element subset F ⊂ { 0 , 1 } n and any integer l , if the edge boundary of F has size at most g n ( m ) + l , then there exists an extremal family G ⊂ { 0 , 1 } n such that |F ∆ G| ≤ Cl , where C is an absolute constant. This is best-possible, up to the value of C . Our result can be seen as a ‘stability’ version of the edge isoperimetric inequality in the discrete cube, and as a discrete analogue of the seminal stability result of Fusco, Maggi and Pratelli [15] for the isoperimetric inequality in Euclidean space.
Payments for Ecological Restoration and Internal Migration in China: the Sloping Land Conversion Program in Ningxia Payments for Ecological Restoration and Internal Migration in China: the Sloping Land Conversion Program in Ningxia

This paper analyses the impact of the Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP) on rural labor migration in China. We use recent survey data from Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and a difference-indifference approach to assess the impact of the policy on labor migration decision. We find a significant effect of the policy: the migration probability increase due to the SLCP policy amounts to 17.5 percentage points in 2008. Furthermore, we highlight the role of policy duration in strengthening the impact of the program on migration. We also find that young, male and Hui nationality individuals are more likely to be impacted by the policy.
The Relationship between Government Expenditure and Revenues in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Testing for Cointegration and Causality

This study examines the long run equilibrium relationship between government expenditure and revenues in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia using Cointegration technique and the direction of causality relationship in the long and short runs between the variables through integrating the Error Correction Model (ECM) into the traditional Granger causality test. The unit root test shows that the series under investigation are non stationary at their levels, where they are stationary at their first differences. The Cointegration test indicates the existence of long run equilibrium between government expenditure and revenues. The causality tests indicate that there is a bi-directional causal relationship between government expenditure and revenues in both the long and the short run. I. Introduction
neuroradiologist's role. hematoma diagnosed by CT: the Nonoperative management of acute epidural

Purpose: To determine whether certain patients with epidural hematomas would benefit from conservative treatment and to assess the neuroradiologist's role in decision-making. Methods: We reviewed the CT scan findings, clinical presentation and outcome of 48 consecutive patients with epidural hematoma managed at our institution within the past 5 years. In 18 patients, initial management was nonsurgical, and only one of these went on to require surgery due to clinical deterioration and evidence of enlargement of hematoma on CT. The remainder of these 18 did well without surgery. Observations and Conclusions: Clinical indicators of neurologic dysfunction (decrease in Glasgow coma scale score, pupillary dilatation, and hemiparesis) in the presence of even small epidural hematomas usually dictates the need for surgical management. The role of the neuroradiologist is most important when the patient presents in a good clinical state, when identification of both favorable and unfavorable prognostic factors on CT is essential. The initial diameter of nonsurgically managed epidural hematomas generally must be small (mean, 1.26 em in our series, all under 1.5 em), and midline shift should be minimal (mean, 1.8 mm in our series). The identification of lucent areas within the epidural hematoma (suggesting active bleeding), or CT evidence of uncal herniation, can be ominous and the neurosurgeon must be alerted to their presence. Even in the presence of a favorable clinical status, presence of a larger epidural hematoma with significant mass effect or central lucent areas should alert the neuroradiologist and neurosurgeon to the strong possibility of sudden neurologic deterioration, and indicate the probable need for surgical management.
Reconstruction for proton computed tomography: a practical approach

Proton computed tomography (CT) has important implications for both image-guided diagnosis and radiation therapy. For diagnosis, the fact that the patient dose committed by proton CT compares favorably with that delivered by traditional X-ray CT, for the same density resolution and contrast, may be exploited in dose-critical clinical settings. Proton CT is also the most appropriate imaging method to perform planning and verification of proton-based radiation treatment, since proton stopping power maps constructed by table-based transformation of X-ray CT images only render approximate stopping power estimates. In proton CT, sharp features become blurred by the phenomenon of multiple Coulomb scattering (MCS), resulting in a resolution of around 3 to 5 mm. Studies showed that the spatial resolution of proton radiography and CT can be improved to about 1-2 mm by tracking individual protons in coincidence as they enter and exit the imaged object. This paper describes a new practical implementation of this approach. We first bin the captured protons into slots of similar tracks. Optionally, proton energy statistics can be collected within each bin to obtain further parameters for tissue characterization. The envelope of path uncertainty due to MCS can be be modeled as a banana-shaped curve. The 3D reconstruction, using either filter-backprojection or iterative algorithms, can be performed rapidly on graphics hardware, using a slice blurring technique to model the MCS uncertainty curve.
Improve the resolution of Temporal Averaging Minimum Variance by Sign Coherence Factor: application in photoacoustic imaging

— Photoacoustic (PA) imaging combining the advantages of high resolution of ultrasound imaging and high contrast of optical imaging provides images with good quality. PA imaging often suffers from disadvantages such as clutter noises and decreased signal-to-noise ratio at higher depths. In order to reconstruct an image, Delay-and-Sum (DAS) beamformer is commonly used due to its simplicity and higher robustness compared to other beamformers. However, this beam former's resolution and side lobes rejection are not adequate; in order to address this predicament adaptive beamformer can be used. We used Temporal Averaging Minimum Variance (TAMV) beamformer, which leads to high resolution in this work. Nevertheless, this beamformer could not deter sidelobes. Therefore, Sign Coherence Factor (SCF) was combined with the TAMV beamformer to boost resolution and reject sidelobes.
Great Lakes Waves Forecast System on High-Resolution Unstructured Meshes

Wind-wave forecasts play a crucial role in the Great Lakes region towards ensuring the safety of communities, enhancement of the economy and protection of property. Modeling wind waves in closed and relatively shallow basins with complex bathymetry like the Great Lakes is a challenge that is successfully tackled by using variable-resolution triangular unstructured meshes. In this paper, we discuss recent advances in developing unstructured-mesh capabilities as part of the spectral wave model WAVEWATCH III, in the context of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) opera-5 tional requirements such as model robustness, efficiency, and accuracy. We revisit the history of developments leading to the transition from rectilinear, to curvilinear grids, and finally to an unstructured mesh version of NOAA’s operational Great Lakes wave-modeling system (GLWUv2.0). Our results describe the development of the operational GLWUv2.0, from mesh design and scalability analysis to validation and verification for hindcast of storm cases and reforecast using 4 months of retrospective simulations.
Opioid Activity Pro ﬁ les of Oversimpli ﬁ ed Peptides Lacking in the Protonable N ‑ Terminus

: Recently, we described cyclopeptide opioid agonists containing the D -Trp-Phe sequence. To expand the scope of this atypical pharmacophore, we tested the activity pro ﬁ les of the linear peptides Ac-Xaa-Phe-Yaa (Xaa = L / D -Trp, D -His/Lys/ Arg; Yaa = H, GlyNH 2 ). Ac-D -Trp-PheNH 2 appeared to be the minimal binding sequence, while Ac-D -Trp-Phe-GlyNH 2 emerged as the ﬁ rst noncationizable short peptide (partial) agonist with high μ -opioid receptor a ﬃ nity and selectivity. Conformational analysis suggested that 5 adopts in solution a β -turn conformation.
Diversity, species richness and evenness of geometrid fauna of different conifer forsts of Seraj valley of Himachal Pradesh

Moths are collected from different part of Seraj valley of Himachal Pradesh during May 2010 to September 2013. A total of 1376 specimens were collected by using simple light traps operated from dusk to dawn daily for eighty nights. The moths caught were identified up to the subfamily level. Subfamilies Geometridae, Ennominae, Larentiinae and Sterniihae were presented in the collection sample. The diversity index, species richness and evenness of geometrid moths fauna of Seraj valley were 2.54, 4.39 and 1.26 respectively.
Fisher Digital Publications Fisher Digital

Abstract This paper illustrates the power of Bloom's revised taxonomy for teaching, learning and assessing [3] in aligning our curriculum expectations and our assessment tools in multivariable calculus. The particular assessment tool considered involves a common matching problem to evaluate students' abilities to think about functions from graphical and formulaic representations. Through this analysis we gain additional understanding of why students may have difficulty in performing well on certain activities
The TAC Toolkit Supporting Design for User Acceptance of Health Technologies from a Macro-Temporal Perspective

technologies, but also impacted by numerous factors not always easily accessible nor operationalised by designers in practice. This work seeks to facilitate the application of acceptance theory in design practice through the Technology Acceptance (TAC) toolkit: a novel theory-based design tool and method comprising 16 cards, 3 personas, 3 scenarios, a virtual think-space, and a website, which we evaluated through workshops conducted with 21 designers of health technologies. Findings showed that the toolkit revised and extended designers’ knowledge of technology acceptance, fostered their appreciation, empathy and ethical values while designing for acceptance, and contributed towards shaping their future design practice. We discuss implications for considering user acceptance a dynamic, multi-stage process in design practice, and better supporting designers in imagining distant acceptance challenges. Finally, we examine the generative value of the TAC toolkit and its possible
Fast Short-Term Electrical Load Forecasting under High Meteorological Variability with a Multiple Equation Time Series Approach

—We present a multiple equation time series approach for the short-term load forecasting applied to the electrical power load consumption for the whole Quebec province, in Canada. More precisely, we take into account three meteorological variables — temperature, cloudiness and wind speed —, and we use meteorological measurements taken at different locations on the territory. Our ﬁnal model shows an average MAPE score of 1 . 79% over an 8-years dataset.
The orchid flora of Turkish graveyards: a comprehensive field survey

Abstract Löki V. , Tökölyi J., Süveges K. , Lovas-Kiss Á, Hürkan K. , Sramkó G. & Molnár V. A. : The orchid flora of Turkish graveyards: a comprehensive field survey. — Willdenowia 45: 231–243. 2015. — Version of record first published online on 17 July 2015 ahead of inclusion in August 2015 issue; ISSN 1868-6397; © 2015 BGBM Berlin. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3372/wi.45. 45209 Graveyards in Turkey are widely known among orchidologists as places where several orchid (Orchidaceae) taxa can be found, including some very rare and localized ones. Graveyards are less strongly affected by landscape-altering human activities than other habitats because of their special cultural roles and religious privileges. In this study we performed a comprehensive survey of Turkish graveyards as orchid habitats. In total, 300 graveyards were studied in 30 provinces of Turkey in 2014. Altogether, we found 86 orchid taxa (almost half of the known Turkish orchid flora) in 208 graveyards. Among the studied provinces, Muğla and Antalya, in the southwest, emerged as peaks of taxon richness. This finding is in accordance with the overall biogeographic pattern of orchid diversity in Turkey. Our survey also contributes new floristic data to the orchid flora of Turkey. Additionally we documented salep collection in ten graveyards from six provinces involving nine taxa. We conclude that the occurrence of orchids in Turkish graveyards is not a rare phenomenon, and thus graveyards can be important refuges for orchids in the changing economic and agricultural circumstances of Turkey.
associated with increasing

Objectives Increasing evidence suggests that inflammation has a detrimental effect on muscle strength. Our objective was to analyse the association between muscle performance and different disease activity levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Method A total of 199 consecutive outpatients were subject to cross-sectional assessment. Measurements of grip strength, endurance of the upper and lower limbs and trunk strength were combined as a muscle performance composite score (MPCS), using a standardised method. The disease activity for 28 joints (DAS28), radiographs of small joints (Larsen score), rheumatoid factor, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities and anti-rheumatic drugs were verified. Patients’ questionnaires included sociodemographic information, pain level, global disease activity, the Beck Depression Inventory, the mental and physical component scores of Short Form-36 and physical activity level.
A NEW TECHNIQUE TO SOLVE PREDATOR–PREY MODELS BY USING SHEHU TRANSFORMATION-AKBARI-GANJI’S METHOD WITH PADÉ APPROXIMANT

In this paper, a new technique has been proposed and applied to find analytical approximate solutions for predator-prey systems. The new technique depends on combining the algorithms of Shehu transform and Akbari-Ganji’s method (AGM) with Padé approximant. Three examples are given to test the effectiveness, accuracy
Goal orientations in sport: a causal model

The study is based on research work relating goal orientation in sport with contextual variables and personal variables. The sample was 511 professional athletes. A “causal” model is proposed in which task and goal ego orientations are the dependent variables. A hypothetical model is obtained using structural equations modelling, supporting that: a) athletes who find satisfaction experimenting mastery, who perceive a motivational climate that rewards hard work and who believe that success depends on their effort, develop task goal orientation; and b) athletes who get satisfaction demonstrating greater capacity than the rest, who live a motivational climate that leads them to be better than the others and that only rewards the best players, and whose main motive for practising sport is to achieve certain social status and popularity, will have an ego goal orientation.
Gold nanoparticles plasmon resonance

Nanoparticles have exciting properties that can be tailored by altering their size, density, and shape. A number of important properties of the nanoparticles have been investigated for various applications. One such property that is strongly affected by nanoparticle size is localised surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The resonance from metal nanoparticles has been used in dye-sensitised solar cells to improve their performance. In this work, the dependence of plasmonic properties on nanoparticle sizes is shown. The gold nanoparticles were prepared using a reduction process where hydrogen tetrachloroaurate acid was used as the base gold salt and reduced by sodium citrate at different molarities ranging from 0.015 to 0.035 mol/L. The method produces monodispersed nanoparticles whose sizes are sensitive to the concentration of chemicals used and the completeness of the reduction process. The process took approximately 18 minutes, and the colour changed from pale yellow to wine-red. The absorbance of the resulting gold nanoparticles was determined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer within the range of 300 nm to 800 nm. The LSPR peaks were found to occur within 518 nm to 520 nm, and from a Gaussian fit, the FWHM ranged from 45.5 to 51.0 nm. The absorption peaks had a narrow range of 14 nm over the range of molarity of sodium citrate. A high molarity concentration of 0.035 mol/L produced a small particle with a diameter of 17.04 nm, while a low concentration of 0.015 mol/L produced a size of 26.55 nm. The interaction of electrons in the specific orbitals, sp-and d, of nanoparticles exhibited pronounced multiple resonances with the reduction of nanoparticle sizes.
PAST: PALEONTOLOGICAL STATISTICAL SOFTWARE PACKAGE FOR EDUCATION AND DATA ANALYSIS

A comprehensive, but simple-to-use software package for executing a range of standard numerical analysis and operations used in quantitative paleontology has been developed. The program, called PAST (PAleontological STatistics), runs on standard Windows computers and is available free of charge. PAST integrates spreadsheet-type data entry with univariate and multivariate statistics, curve fitting, timeseries analysis, data plotting, and simple phylogenetic analysis. Many of the functions are specific to paleontology and ecology, and these functions are not found in standard, more extensive, statistical packages. PAST also includes fourteen case studies (data files and exercises) illustrating use of the program for paleontological problems, making it a complete educational package for courses in quantitative methods.
@Western Scholarship@Western

Childbirth can trigger or exacerbate a variety of psychiatric disorders but the extant literature has focused primarily on mood disorders. Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) after childbirth can occur alone or in combination with other psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder. Due to the general lack of awareness of the relationship between childbirth and OCD among clinicians as well as patients, the disorder may be underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder. This article describes the prevalence, clinical features, common psychiatric comorbidities, differential diagnosis and potential consequences of underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis. Using case vignettes strategies for its detection and clinical management are suggested. Finally, areas in need of further research are proposed.