Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Social Journal: Investigating Technology to Support and Reflect on Meaningful Social Interactions

Social interaction is a crucial part of what it means to be human. Maintaining a healthy social life is strongly tied to positive outcomes for both physical and mental health. While we use personal informatics data to reflect on many aspects of our lives, technology-supported reflection for social interactions is currently under-explored. To address this, we first conducted an online survey ( 𝑁 =124) to understand how users want to be supported in their social interactions. Based on this, we designed and developed an app for users to track and reflect on their social interactions and deployed it in the wild for two weeks ( 𝑁 =25). Our results show that users are interested in tracking meaningful in-person interactions that are currently untraced and that an app can effectively support self-reflection on social interaction frequency and social load. We contribute insights and concrete design recommendations for technology-supported reflection for social interaction
Understanding instructor adoption of social media using the technology acceptance model

Purpose – Social media are increasingly being used in teaching and learning in higher education. This paper aims to explore multiple case studies to better understand how instructors decide to incorporate social media into learning. Design/methodology/approach – Thisqualitativecasestudyusedthetechnologyacceptancemodel(TAM) to explore five instructors ’ use of social media for teaching and learning, particularly the pedagogical reasons and goals driving their use of social media. Participant interviews, course documentation and social media observation data were collected to answer the research questions. Findings – Findingssuggestthataninstructor ’ ssocialmediaknowledgeandawarenessofinstructionalgoals are important for the use of social media in learning. Three pedagogical objectives of the use of social media were found across five participants: collaborative learning, dialog and discussion, and authentic learning. Originality/value – Previousstudieshaveexploredpotentialpedagogicalusesofsocialmediatools,however studies that attempt to understand how and why instructors decide to use particular social media tools are underreported.
Self-Sabotage Workshop: a starting point to unravel sabotaging of instruments as a design practice

Within the music improvisation and jazz scenes, playing a wrong note may be seen as a source of creativity and nov-elty, where an initially undesired factor (the mistaken note) invites the musician to leverage their skills to transform it into new musical material. How does this idea, however, translate into more experimental scenes like NIME, where control and virtuosity are not necessarily the performance’s aims? Moreover, within NIME communities the addition of randomness or constraints to musical instruments is often an intended aesthetic decision rather than a source of mistakes. To explore this contrast, we invited four NIME practitioners to participate in the Self-Sabotage Workshop, where each practitioner had to build their own sabotag-ing elements for their musical instruments and to give a short demonstration with them. We gathered participants’ impressions of self-sabotating in a focus group, inquiring about control and musicality, and also the strategies they developed for coping with the self-sabotaged instruments. We discuss the emergent ideas of planned and unplanned sabotaging, and we propose a starting point towards the idea of self-sabotaging as a continuous design and musical process where designers/musicians try to overcome barriers that they impose upon themselves.
ATLAS draft

A measurement of the inelastic cross section is performed using the ATLAS detector with 63 μb−1 of proton-proton collisions at √ s = 13 TeV. The measurement is performed using scintillators mounted in front of the forward calorimeters. A cross section of 65.2 ± 0.8 (exp.) ± 5.9 (lum.) mb is measured in the fiducial region MX > 13 GeV, where MX is the larger of the dissociation masses of the two proton systems in diffractive events. The experimental uncertainty is indicated by (exp.) and the luminosity uncertainty by (lum.). The full inelastic cross section is determined to be 73.1±0.9 (exp.) ±6.6 (lum.) ±3.8 (extr.) mb, where (extr.) indicates model-dependent uncertainties on the extrapolation from the fiducial region. The measured value is about one standard deviation below most current theoretical predictions. August 20, 2015: Corrected central value for data in Figure 3. © 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS Collaboration. Reproduction of this article or parts of it is allowed as specified in the CC-BY-3.0 license.
Mapping ODI onto EQ-5D-5L in Chinese Low Back Pain Patients

Mapping can translate utility values from other health-related quality-of-life scales, giving researchers and policymakers more comprehensive information. The primary objective of the study is to develop mapping algorithms that convert scores from the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) to the 5-level EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D-5L). Data for this analysis was sourced from 272 patients suffering from low back pain. The development of the mapping algorithms involved the application of three distinct regression methods across four different settings: ordinary least squares regression, beta regression, and multivariate ordered probit regression. To evaluate the internal validity of these algorithms, we adopted a 'hold-out' approach for predictive performance assessment. Furthermore, to discern the most effective model, three goodness-of-fit tests were employed: the mean absolute error (MAE), the root-mean-square error (RMSE), and the Spearman rank correlation coefficients between the predicted and observed utilities. The study successfully developed several models capable of accurately predicting health utilities in the specified context. The best performing models for ODI to EQ-5D-5L mapping were beta regressions. Mapping algorithms developed in this study enable the estimation of utility values from the ODI. The algorithms formulated in this study facilitate the estimation of utility values based on the ODI, providing a valuable empirical foundation for estimating health utilities in scenarios where EQ-5D data is unavailable.
Genetic susceptibility to acute viral bronchiolitis

Acute viral bronchiolitis is a major cause of infant hospitalizations worldwide. Childhood bronchiolitis is considered a risk factor for asthma, suggesting shared genetic factors and biological pathways. Genetic risk loci may provide new insights into disease pathogenesis. Here, we examined the genetic contributions to bronchiolitis susceptibility by analyzing 1,465 infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis and 356,404 individuals without a history of acute lower respiratory tract infections in the FinnGen project data. Genome-wide analysis identified associations ( p <5×10 -8 ) for variants in gasdermin B ( GSDMB ) and a missense variant in cadherin-related family member 3 ( CDHR3 ). Children with bronchiolitis in infancy were more likely to develop asthma later in life compared to controls. The two associated loci were previously linked to asthma and susceptibility to wheezing illness by other causative agents than RSV. Our analysis discovered associations with overall bronchiolitis, with larger effects in non-RSV than RSV-induced infection. Our results suggest that genetic variants in CDHR3 and GSDMB modulate susceptibility to bronchiolitis, especially when caused by viruses other than RSV, and that severe bronchiolitis in infancy may trigger the development of asthma in genetically susceptible individuals
High‐resolution environmental and host‐related factors impacting questing Ixodes scapularis at their northern range edge

Abstract The geographic range of tick populations has expanded in Canada due to climate warming and the associated poleward range shifts of their vertebrate hosts. Abiotic factors, such as temperature, precipitation, and snow, are known to directly affect tick abundance. Yet, biotic factors, such as the abundance and diversity of mammal hosts, may also alter tick abundance and consequent tick‐borne disease risk. Here, we incorporated host surveillance data with high‐resolution environmental data to evaluate the combined impact of abiotic and biotic factors on questing Ixodes scapularis abundance in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. High‐resolution abiotic factors were derived from remote sensing satellites and meteorological towers, while biotic factors related to mammal hosts were derived from active surveillance data that we collected in the field. Generalized additive models were used to determine the relative importance of abiotic and biotic factors on questing I. scapularis abundance. Combinations of abiotic and biotic factors were identified as important drivers of abundances of questing I. scapularis. Positive and negative linear relationships were found for questing I. scapularis abundance with monthly mean precipitation and accumulated snow, but no effect was found for the relative abundance of white‐footed mice. Positive relationships were also identified between questing I. scapularis abundance with monthly mean precipitation and mammal species richness. Therefore, future studies that assess I. scapularis should incorporate host surveillance data with high‐resolution environmental factors to determine the key drivers impacting the abundance and geographic spread of tick populations and tick‐borne pathogens.
Tractography-based DBS lead repositioning improves outcome in refractory OCD and depression

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) has been used to treat refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and depression, but outcomes are variable, with some patients not responding to this form of invasive neuromodulation. A lack of benefit in some patients may be due to suboptimal positioning of DBS leads. Recently, studies have suggested that specific white matter tracts within the ALIC are associated with improved outcomes. Here, we present the case of a patient who initially had a modest improvement in OCD and depressive symptoms after receiving DBS within the ALIC. Subsequently, he underwent unilateral DBS lead repositioning informed by tractography targeting the ventrolateral and medial prefrontal cortex’s connection with the mediodorsal thalamus. In this patient, we also conducted post-implant and post-repositioning diffusion imaging and found that we could successfully perform tractography even with DBS leads in place. Following lead repositioning into tracts predictive of benefit, the patient reached responder criteria for his OCD, and his depression was remitted. This case illustrates that tractography can potentially be used in the evaluation and planning of lead repositioning to achieve therapeutic outcomes.
Differentiated care for youth in Zimbabwe: Outcomes across the HIV care cascade

Youth living with HIV are at higher risk than adults of disengaging from HIV care. Differentiated models of care such as community delivery of antiretroviral therapy (ART) may improve treatment outcomes. We investigated outcomes across the HIV cascade among youth accessing HIV services in a community-based setting. This study was nested in a cluster-randomised controlled trial (CHIEDZA: Clinicaltrials.gov, Registration Number: NCT03719521) conducted in three provinces in Zimbabwe and aimed to investigate the impact of a youth-friendly community-based package of HIV services, integrated with sexual and reproductive health services for youth (16–24 years), on population-level HIV viral load (VL). HIV services included HIV testing, ART initiation and continuous care, VL testing, and adherence support. Overall 377 clients were newly diagnosed with HIV at CHIEDZA, and linkage to HIV care was confirmed for 265 (70.7%, 234 accessed care at CHIEDZA and 31 with other providers); of these 250 (94.3%) started ART. Among those starting ART at CHIEDZA who did not transfer out and had enough follow up time (>6 months), 38% (68/177) were lost-to-follow-up within six months. Viral suppression (HIV Viral Load <1000 copies/ml) among those who had a test at 6 months was 90% (96/107). In addition 1162 clients previously diagnosed with HIV accessed CHIEDZA; 714 (61.4%) had a VL test, of whom 565 (79.1%) were virally suppressed. This study shows that provision of differentiated services for youth in the community is feasible. Linkage to care and retention during the initial months of ART was the main challenge and needs concerted attention to achieve the ambitious 95-95-95 UNAIDS targets.
When are people more open to cheating? Economic inequality makes people expect more everyday unethical behavior

Economic inequality has been found to be associated with increased unethical behavior and an increased acceptance of unethical behavior. In this paper we explored whether higher amounts of perceived inequality lead to an increase in the expectation of unethical behavior. We tested whether people would say that they themselves would engage in more unethical behavior in a context of high compared to low inequality. We find evidence for this hypothesis in 3 of 4 studies (n = 3,038). An internal meta-analysis shows a small but significant effect. Such increased expectations that oneself will behave unethically likely has consequences for societal trust and functioning.
Diversified urbanization : the case of Côte d’Ivoire

Well-managed urbanization can accelerate Cote d’Ivoire’s ascent to middle-income status. Urbanization is not just about development of a single city within a country. In fact, a country’s cities can be treated as a portfolio of assets, each differentiated by characteristics that include size, location, and density of settlement. Cote d’Ivoire’s small cities and market towns could be anchors generating scale economies for agribusiness. Whereas southwest regions strongly contribute to the production and export of cash crops, savanna areas can help scale up food and cereal production to supply urban centers domestically and regionally. In the long term, with the movement of the cocoa belt from eastern and central regions to the south (with an eye on the port of San-Pedro), climate change and international economic conditions might once more shift the heart of these cash-crop production areas. Given increasing regional disparities in Cote d’Ivoire, good connections between the agricultural hinterlands of secondary cities and strategic regional capital cities may help smallholders to modernize into agribusiness chains. This framework reflects the principles identified by stakeholders from national and subnational governments and the private sector, which helped to formulate a shared vision of urbanization in Cote d’Ivoire. These stakeholders believe that successful urbanization should lead to cities that are planned, structured, competitive, attractive, inclusive, and organized around development poles. The analysis and recommendations presented in this report benefited greatly from stakeholders’ inputs, through a validation workshop held in Abidjan in July 2015.
Enhancing digital health services: A machine learning approach to personalized exercise goal setting

Background The utilization of digital health has increased recently, and these services provide extensive guidance to encourage users to exercise frequently by setting daily exercise goals to promote a healthy lifestyle. These comprehensive guides evolved from the consideration of various personalized behavioral factors. Nevertheless, existing approaches frequently neglect the users’ dynamic behavior and the changing in their health conditions. Objective This study aims to fill this gap by developing a machine learning algorithm that dynamically updates auto-suggestion exercise goals using retrospective data and realistic behavior trajectory. Methods We conducted a methodological study by designing a deep reinforcement learning algorithm to evaluate exercise performance, considering fitness-fatigue effects. The deep reinforcement learning algorithm combines deep learning techniques to analyze time series data and infer user's exercise behavior. In addition, we use the asynchronous advantage actor-critic algorithm for reinforcement learning to determine the optimal exercise intensity through exploration and exploitation. The personalized exercise data and biometric data used in this study were collected from publicly available datasets, encompassing walking, sports logs, and running. Results In our study, we conducted the statistical analyses/inferential tests to compare the effectiveness of machine learning approach in exercise goal setting across different exercise goal-setting strategies. The 95% confidence intervals demonstrated the robustness of these findings, emphasizing the superior outcomes of the machine learning approach. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the adaptability of machine learning algorithm to users’ exercise preferences and behaviors in exercise goal setting, emphasizing the substantial influence of goal design on service effectiveness.
Fast and slow: Recording neuromodulator dynamics across both transient and chronic time scales

Neuromodulators transform animal behaviors. Recent research has demonstrated the importance of both sustained and transient change in neuromodulators, likely due to tonic and phasic neuromodulator release. However, no method could simultaneously record both types of dynamics. Fluorescence lifetime of optical reporters could offer a solution because it allows high temporal resolution and is impervious to sensor expression differences across chronic periods. Nevertheless, no fluorescence lifetime change across the entire classes of neuromodulator sensors was previously known. Unexpectedly, we find that several intensity-based neuromodulator sensors also exhibit fluorescence lifetime responses. Furthermore, we show that lifetime measures in vivo neuromodulator dynamics both with high temporal resolution and with consistency across animals and time. Thus, we report a method that can simultaneously measure neuromodulator change over transient and chronic time scales, promising to reveal the roles of multi–time scale neuromodulator dynamics in diseases, in response to therapies, and across development and aging.
Dealing with the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease and its implications for couple functioning in the early stage: An interpretative phenomenological analysis

Background For couples facing Parkinson’s disease, marital relationships are significantly impacted, even at the early stages of the disease. However, very few studies have explicitly explored the functioning of the couple and how both partners deal with Parkinson’s disease. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and strategies of couples facing Parkinson’s disease in the early stage using dyadic interpretative phenomenological analysis. Methods Fifteen couples agreed to participate in the study. Semistructured interviews were conducted with each partner separately regarding his or her individual experience with Parkinson’s disease, the couple’s history, the impact of the diagnosis on the functioning of the couple, and his or her projections for the future. Results Three higher-order themes emerged from the analyses. The first theme, "Being tested by the diagnosis", highlights 4 dyadic configurations according to the individual’s and the couple’s capacity for adjustment following the diagnosis: "noncongruent", "collapsed", "relieved" and "avoidant". The second theme, "Talking about everything except the disease", underlines that communication about the disease is often avoided both within the couple and with relatives to protect the persons with Parkinson’s disease or respect their wishes. The third theme, "Supporting each other", describes the different levels of harmony between the two partners in the management of daily life and symptoms and their relational impacts. Conclusion These results allow us to better understand the experiences of both partners and to highlight the importance of promoting better acceptance of the diagnosis by persons with Parkinson’s disease to allow better communication between partners and with relatives. Such support prevents disease-specific distress and facilitates better adjustment in the later stages of the disease.
Environmental pollution and health in Chilean older adults: Impact on quality of life and functional autonomy

Abstract Background and Aims Due to increased urbanization and industry, environmental pollution is a serious public health concern. Globally, the quality of life is particularly lowered by exposure to high amounts of particulate matter (PM). Chile has five industrial zones with high pollution levels, called “sacrifice zones. ” However, the effect of polluted air on the quality of life and functional autonomy (FA) of older people living in industrial zones with high pollution levels is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the quality of life and FA differences between Chilean older women (OW) living in areas with lower and higher PM levels. Materials and Methods Seventy‐two OW volunteered for this study. The sample was divided into Zone 1 (PM2.5 ≤ 15 µg/m3, n = 36) and Zone 2 (PM2.5 > 15 µg/m3, n = 36). The variables were quality of life—assessed through the SF‐36v2.0 questionnaire, and FA—assessed through the GDLAM protocols. Differences between zones were tested by Student's t‐test and Mann–Whitney test, both for independent samples (p < 0.05). Results All eight dimensions of quality of life were lower in Zone 2, of which the role emotional (RE) showed significant differences between zones (p < 0.05). Performance on the GDLAM protocols and the FA index were lower in Zone 2 (p ˃ 0.05). Conclusion OW in Zone 2 showed lower quality of life and FA. PM could affect the older population's physical and mental health and, therefore, the quality of life.