Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Imaging in thoracic oncology: case studies from Multidisciplinary Thoracic Tumor Board (part 1 of 2 part series)

Abstract Multidisciplinary tumor board conferences foster collaboration among health care providers from a variety of specialties and help to facilitate optimal patient care. Typical cases from thoracic tumor board conferences include patients with known or suspected bronchogenic and esophageal carcinomas, as well as less common diseases such as thymomas and mesotheliomas. In most instances, the clinical questions revolve around the best options for establishing a diagnosis, staging the disease and directing treatment. This article describes and illustrates the clinical scenarios of three patients who were presented at our tumor board, focusing on management issues and the role of imaging. These patients had non-small cell lung cancer and mediastinal lymph node metastases; a small, growing ground glass nodule; and oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer, respectively.
Cholesterol Content of Focal Opacities and Multilamellar Bodies in the Human Lens: Filipin Cytochemistry and Freeze Fracture

Adult human lenses with focal opacities were processed for normal as well as freeze fracture electron microscopy. Cholesterol was demonstrated using filipin cytochemistry. Filipin cytochemistry in combination with freeze fracture revealed that the amount of cholesterol in the normal fibre membranes was fully comparable with the amount of cholesterol in the deviating membranes of the focal opacities and the multilamellar bodies. As regards the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio, the deviating membranes have the same state of maturation as the surrounding normal lens fibre membranes, which implies that their synthesis is as highly coordinated as the synthesis of the normal lens fibre membranes.
Leveling-Sharpening and Serial Learning

Theories of learning and remembering have largely been constructed without consideration of individual differences in personality organization as determinants of these complex cognitive functions. Gestalt psychologists have shown how the organizational properties of the material to be learned affect learning and remembering. They and others, particularly Bartlett ( 1932 ) , have shown that memories themselves have organizational properties. These studies have focused, however, on response properties of groups of persons. With a few notable exceptions (cf. Gomulicki, 1956), little attempt has been made to account for the wide ranges of individual differences that consistently appear. Recent scudies of cognitive control principles, such as the ones by Gardner and his colleagues (in press) have shown that individuals can be arranged along various dimensions of cognitive behavior on the basis of consistencies in responses to broad classes of adaptive requirement. These studies suggest that the Leveling-Sharpening dimension of cognitive control-representing consistent individual differences in degrees of assimilation (process-mace interaction as described by Koehler, 1923; Lauenstein, 1933; Koffka, 1935)-may be important to learning and/or recall in certain situations. The criterion rest for the Leveling-Sharpening principle is rhe Schematizing or Squares Test. This test requires S to make absolute size judgments of a succession of 150 squares of light which gradually increase in size. There are a total of 14 squares ranging from 1.3 to 13 7 in. in size. The squares are projected on a black screen in a dark room. At the beginning of the test, the five - smallest squares are shown in three different orders. The smallest square is then dropped and a square larger than any of the first five is added without interrupting the sequence of presentation. By removing the smallest and adding a larger square after each series of 15 judgments, the range of sizes is gradually traversed. It has been shown that some Ss (sharpeners) are able to follow the general increase in the size of the squares over the 150 trials and also to maintain a high degree of accuracy in ranking the sizes of the squares. Other Ss (levelers) do not differentiate between successive squares and also lag behind the uend of increasing size. By the end of the test, a few extreme levelers have judged the 13.7-in. square to be only 5 in. This phenomenon of obscuring differences and lagging behind rhe actual uend of increasing size (leveling) is assumed to be rhe product of assimilation between newly perceived squares and the 'The work described here was supported by Research Grant M-2454 from the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service.
Twisting Tourniquet© Technique: introducing Schnogh, a novel device and its effectiveness in treating primary and secondary lymphedema of extremities

Twisting Tourniquet© or in Thai “Schnogh” is a new invention for compression therapy of lymphedema. Twisting Tourniquet© Technique (TTT) is totally noninvasive for lymphedema management. After the amazing successful evidence in the first series of 28 patients, we have conducted preliminary studies in lymphedema clinics. It was found that the combination of gradually increasing constriction force by Schnogh until desired pressure was reached and maintained for 15 min, followed by a 5‐min release, doing repeatedly this compression‐decompression for at least 10 sessions a day, can generate acceptable results. The aim of the study was to evaluate the scientific effectiveness and establish a treatment protocol of TTT proposed as a therapeutic approach for clinical management of lymphedema. During 2006–2013, from over 3500 patients, 647 with primary/secondary lymphedema passed inclusion criteria, 307 for upper, and 340 for lower extremity. In the 5‐day course of TTT, each day patients underwent 10 sessions of a 15‐min compression followed by a 5‐min decompression. Vegan diet was encouraged as an adjuvant therapy. Among lymphedema patients whose spectrum of edema severity ranged from mild to gigantic, TTT yielded an average volume reduction rate (VR) at 50.2% and 55.6%, making the average edema reduction volume attained at 463 and 1856 mL for upper and lower limb, respectively. The uniformed practice by Schnogh which supports a continual compression–decompression maneuver over 3.5 h daily for five consecutive days could induce an average VR at above half of the swelling in extremities of 647 patients. Schnogh is therefore effective in clinical management of lymphedema under TTT treatment of fibroblastic interstitium.
Agitation in Severely Demented Patients

AbstractThe evaluation and treatment of agitation in severely demented patients is a difficult clinical problem. The paucity of empirical data from controlled medication trials requires that clinicians adopt a rational treatment approach to these patients based on a thorough clinical assessment. This paper presents a theoretical framework based on literature review and clinical experience that the practicing clinician can use to better understand and assess the behavioral disturbances commonly called “agitation. ” Guidelines for treatment strategies are discussed.
The potential for dasatinib in treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and myeloproliferative neoplasms

Dasatinib is a kinase inhibitor that inhibits BCR–ABL, Src family kinases, c-Kit, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor kinase. It is licensed for the first- and second-line treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia and second-line treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia on the basis of BCR–ABL inhibition, but the activity of dasatinib against additional molecular targets may enable treatment of other hematologic disorders. Potential targets for dasatinib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) include Lyn (a Src family kinase), ABL, and the associated CD40 pathway. Although dasatinib monotherapy has modest clinical activity in CLL, ongoing studies are evaluating combination treatment. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), FLT3, Lyn, c-Kit, and BCR–ABL are expressed in a subpopulation of patients. To date, clinical responses to dasatinib in patients with unselected AML have been mixed and larger studies are needed, particularly correlating clinical response to molecular markers. Imatinib has been used successfully to treat patients with chronic eosinophilic disorders with the FIP1L1–PDGFRA fusion kinase; limited clinical data indicate that dasatinib could be active in imatinib-resistant disease. Ongoing clinical studies should further define the value of dasatinib in these disorders.
Effectiveness of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation.

This editorial refers to ‘Catheter ablation treatment in patients with drug-refractory atrial fibrillation: a prospective, multi-centre, randomized controlled study (Catheter Ablation for the Cure of Atrial Fibrillation Study)’† by G. Stabile et al. , on page 216 Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) has become increasingly popular in multiple centres worldwide as more studies have reported favourable success rates in preventing AF recurrences using various ablation techniques.1 Different strategies for ablating AF range from physiological approaches aimed at electrical segmental pulmonary vein (PV) isolation2,3 to anatomical circumferential PV ablation with or without the addition of linear ablation lines in the posterior left atrium and in the mitral isthmus.4,5 Recent randomized studies comparing these approaches have yielded conflicting results concerning the relative merits of segmental PV isolation vs. circumferential PV ablation.5,6 Despite numerous studies reporting results of different ablation techniques and more recent studies randomizing different techniques, surprisingly little data have been published comparing ablative therapy with medical therapy for AF. Catheter ablation of AF has been associated with major complications in 6% of patients;1 these include complications of vascular access, cardiac tamponade, stroke, PV stenosis, and rare but potentially fatal atrio-oesophageal fistulae. Given the risk of complications associated with AF ablation, randomized studies comparing ablation … *Corresponding author. Tel: +1 617 632 7393; fax: +1 617 632 7620. E-mail address : mjoseph2{at}bidmc.harvard. edu
Undergraduate students' ability to revise text effectively: relationships with topic knowledge and working memory

In order to communicate understanding, students are often required to produce texts which present an explicit, coherent argument. This study examined the extent to which individual differences in undergraduates' topic knowledge and working memory skills were related to their ability to revise texts to better fulfil these goals. Forty-seven students revised texts containing three types of error: language, structure and argument. Topic knowledge was indexed by multiple choice test performance. Verbal short-term and working memory were measured using forward and backward digit recall and reading span. Rates of identification, diagnosis and correction of errors were generally poor. Contrary to expectations neither topic knowledge nor verbal working memory was associated with text revision although significant associations were identified with verbal short-term memory. When revising texts students may focus on the surface features of the text rather than addressing issues of structure and argument. Possible accounts of this tendency are considered.
Seeing the Axial Line: Evidence from Wayfinding Experiments

Space-geometric measures are proposed to explain the location of fixations during wayfinding. Results from an eye tracking study based on real-world stimuli are analysed; the gaze bias shows that attention is paid to structural elements in the built environment. Three space-geometric measures are used to explain the data: sky area, floor area and longest line of sight. Together with the finding that participants choose the more connected street, a relationship is proposed between the individual cognitive processes that occur during wayfinding, relative street connectivity measured through space syntactic techniques and the spatial geometry of the environment. The paper adopts an egocentric approach to gain a greater understanding on how individuals process the axial map.
Children’s Home Environments

Using data from the 1996 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) merged mother-child sample, we investigate the impact of two family events, parental divorce and the birth of a sibling, on the cognitive stimulation and emotional support provided to children in the home. We use fixed-effect regression techniques to control for unmeasured mother- and child-specific characteristics and measure responses to these family changes before, during, and after the events. We find that an impending birth is associated with increased emotional support provided to children, whereas concurrent births are associated with decreased support. Additionally, we find that, after controlling for unmeasured variables, divorce does not have an adverse effect on the home environments of boys and girls; in fact, a divorce occurring in a previous time period is associated with a modest increase in emotional support provided to girls.
A: Current Issues

Engineered nanoparticles (NP) are being developed and incorporated in a number of commercial products, raising the potential of human exposure during manufacture, use, and disposal. Although data concerning the potential toxicity of some NP have been reported, validated simple assays are lacking for predicting their in vivo toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate new response metrics based on chemical and biological activity of NP for screening assays that can be used to predict NP toxicity in vivo . Two cell-free and two cell-based assays were evaluated for their power in predicting in vivo toxicity of eight distinct particle types with widely differing physicochemical characteristics. The cell-free systems comprised fluorescence-and electron spin resonance-based assays of oxidant activity. The cell-based systems also used electron spin resonance (ESR) as well as luciferase reporter activity to rank the different particle types in comparison to benchmark particles of low and high activity. In vivo experiments evaluated acute pulmonary inflammatory responses in rats. Endpoints in all assays were related to oxidative stress and responses were expressed per unit NP surface area to compare the results of different assays. Results indicated that NP are capable of producing reactive species, which in biological systems lead to oxidative stress. Copper NP had the greatest activity in all assays, while TiO 2 and gold NP generally were the least reactive. Differences in the ranking of NP activity among the assays were found when comparisons were based on measured responses. However, expressing the chemical (cell-free) and biological (cells; in vivo ) activity per unit particle surface area showed that all in vitro assays correlated significantly with in vivo results, with the cellular assays correlating the best. Data from this study indicate that it is possible to predict acute in vivo inflammatory potential of NP with cell-free and cellular assays by using NP surface area-based dose and response metrics
ating Types and Pheromone Recognition in the omobasidiomycete Schizophyllum commune

s othe, E. 1999. Mating types and pheromone recogniion in the homobasidiomycete Schizophyllum comune. Fungal Genetics and Biology 27, 146–152. In he homobasidiomycete Schizophyllum commune the ating type genes of the B locus encode pheromones nd pheromone receptors in multiple allelic specificiies. Interaction of non-self pheromones and receptors eads to induction of B-regulated development easily cored in S. commune by the ‘‘flat’’ phenotype which acks aerial mycelium formation and shows aberrant yphal morphology. In contrast, self pheromones are ot recognized and B-regulated development is not nduced. Natural and mutant alleles of receptors have een analyzed for their specificity in transformation ssays, and parts of the receptor involved in ligand iscrimination can be described. The biological role of heromone response in S. commune is assumed to be onnected to nuclear migration based on the observaion that wild-type cells with a receptor gene of differnt specificity lead to cells capable of nuclear uptake. ther possible roles for pheromone function are iscussed. r 1999 Academic Press
Sexual and reproductive health information sources preferred by out-of-school adolescents in rural southwest Uganda

This paper defines how out-of-school adolescents from Masaka District in rural southwest Uganda currently receive sexual and reproductive health information and how they would prefer to receive that information. Information adolescents feel they lack falls into three broad categories: sexual and reproductive health issues, the negotiation of sex and sexual relationships, and making the transition to adulthood. The preferred source for information depends on the type of information to be delivered, the overriding principle being that the source must be authoritative in that type of information. Current information sources including family, peers and media are perceived as either flawed or insufficient. Preferable sources fall into three categories based on the type of information provided: accurate sexual and reproductive health information should come from trained community and media-based rather than clinic-based health educators; information about negotiation of good relationships and the negotiation of sex and condom use within relationships should come from an up-skilled traditional source, ssenga (paternal aunt), particularly for young women; and social information about becoming a good adult should come from parents, grandparents, church and community leaders. All information should be positively framed and non-judgemental. Centrally coordinated community health promotions delivered by trained community-based health educators, ssenga and parents, guided and supported by existing radio and print media, are required.
Foucault's Expulsion of Law: Toward a Retrieval

This essay argues that there is an important sense in which Foucault gets law wrong—that the pursuit of Foucault's own objectives had the unintended consequence of inhibiting a fruitful interrogation of the place of law in modernity. His immediate concern was with the emergence of distinctive manifestations of modern power that constitute a new configuration, the disciplinary society. The most distinctive feature of his account of the historical emergence of modernity was his expulsion of law from modernity. This “expulsion of law” is found in his metahistorical thesis that law constituted the primary form of power in the premodern era, and that although law lingers on in the doctrine of sovereignty, it is supplanted by discipline and government as the key embodiments of modernity. The essay proposes an exercise in retrieval, a “retrieval of law,” to recuperate much in Foucault's thought that is suggestive for our understanding of law's role in the constitution of modern society. It rejects Foucault's opposition of law and discipline and makes use of his treatment of government and governmentality toward that end. It argues that a more adequate grasp of the place of law in modernity can be developed by establishing that law and discipline are complementary and characteristically combine in the ubiquitous presence of regulation as the mark of the modem condition.
The AutoCorrelation Function For a Two-Valued Time Series

Two simple theorems are proved about the auto-correlation function (ACF) of weakly stationary time series which can only take two values. The first theorem shows how the ACF can be expressed in terms of the conditional probability of occurrence of a single value of the time-series. The second theorem shows how the ACF can be expressed in terms of the variance of the number of occurences of one of the values.
Getting Better and Getting Worse

This article examines change over 2 years in ability to perform 21 specific functions among Americans 70 years of age and over. Health change in old age is two-directional. Ability to perform specific functions improves for some and deteriorates for others. In addition, many individuals experience both types of functioning change at the same time—improvement in the ability to perform some functions and deterioration in ability to perform others. The covariates of functional improvement differ from those of functional loss. The return to functioning is most likely to occur when the overall functional status of the individual is higher, when the loss has been recent, and when the impairment is not severe. Decline in ability to perform specific functions is more likely when general health and functioning levels are lower and when a person has had a stroke, has arthritis, or has visual or auditory impairment. Age, race, and sex are related to the likelihood that functioning will deteriorate, but they have little effect on the likelihood of improvement.
Passivity-based controllers for the stabilization of DC-to-DC power converters

Average models of PWM regulated DC-to-DC power supplies are shown to be Euler-Lagrange systems. As such, passivity-based dynamical feedback controllers can be derived for the indirect stabilization of the average output voltage. The derived controllers are based on a suitable stabilizing "damping injection" scheme. The approach is applied to regulate DC-to-DC power converters of the "boost" and "buck-boost" types. The effectivity and robustness of the proposed duty ratio synthesis policies are tested, via computer simulations, on a stochastically perturbed model of a switched "boost" converter.
Optimizing throughput and energy in online deadline scheduling

This article extends the study of online algorithms for energy-efficient deadline scheduling to the overloaded setting. Specifically, we consider a processor that can vary its speed between 0 and a maximum speed T to minimize its energy usage (the rate is believed to be a cubic function of the speed). As the speed is upper bounded, the processor may be overloaded with jobs and no scheduling algorithms can guarantee to meet the deadlines of all jobs. An optimal schedule is expected to maximize the throughput, and furthermore, its energy usage should be the smallest among all schedules that achieve the maximum throughput. In designing a scheduling algorithm, one has to face the dilemma of selecting more jobs and being conservative in energy usage. If we ignore energy usage, the best possible online algorithm is 4-competitive on throughput [Koren and Shasha 1995]. On the other hand, existing work on energy-efficient scheduling focuses on a setting where the processor speed is unbounded and the concern is on minimizing the energy to complete all jobs; O(1)-competitive online algorithms with respect to energy usage have been known [Yao et al. 1995; Bansal et al. 2007a; Li et al. 2006]. This article presents the first online algorithm for the more realistic setting where processor speed is bounded and the system may be overloaded; the algorithm is O(1)-competitive on both throughput and energy usage. If the maximum speed of the online scheduler is relaxed slightly to (1+&epsis;)T for some &epsis; > 0, we can improve the competitive ratio on throughput to arbitrarily close to one, while maintaining O(1)-competitiveness on energy usage.