Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examination of Gender Differences in Baseline Characteristics and 12 Month Death and Rehospitalization of African American Patients Admitted for Acute Myocardial Infarction

Date iii DEDICATION For Khizer, without whose support I could have never accomplished this. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many thanks are owed to Dr. Susmita Parashar, the co-principal investigator of PREMIER at GMH who allowed me access to the specific database and whose ideas were always helpful. I owe my deep gratitude to Emir Veledar of Emory University for his help with SAS programming for data analysis. Thanks to Dr. Laura Kimble for her knowledge and helpful insight of AMI. I owe special thanks to my parents who always instilled in me value of better and higher education. Finally, thank you to my committee chairperson, Dr. Karen Gieseker, whose knowledge and insight has been invaluable to my research in this area. v AUTHOR'S STATEMENT In presenting this thesis as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree from Georgia State University, I agree that the Library of the University shall make it available for inspection and circulation in accordance with its regulations governing materials of this type. I agree that permission to quote from, to copy from, or to publish this thesis may be granted by the author or, in his/her absence, by the professor under whose direction it was written, or in his/her absence, by the Associate Dean, College of Health and Human Sciences. Such quoting, copying, or publishing must be solely for scholarly purposes and will not involve potential financial gain. It is understood that any copying from or publication of this dissertation which involves potential financial gain will not be allowed without written permission of the author. ___________________________ Signature of Author vi NOTICE TO BORROWERS All theses deposited in the Georgia State University Library must be used in accordance with the stipulations prescribed by the author in the preceding statement. Users of this thesis who not regularly enrolled as students at Georgia State University are required to attest acceptance of the preceding stipulation by signing below. Libraries borrowing this thesis for the use of their patrons are required to see that each user records here the information requested. • Conducting a prospective observational study of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a nationwide study TRIUMPH (Translational Research Investigating Underlying disparities in recovery from acute Myocardial infarction: Patient Health status) at GradyMemorial Hospital. follow ups for another related study. • In process of writing papers and abstracts related to the study • Preparing paperwork for IRB approval …
What makes Internet users visit cyber stores again? key design factors for customer loyalty

Retaining customer loyalty is crucial in electronic commerce because the value of an Internet store is largely determined by the number of its loyal customers. This paper proposes a multi-phased model of customer loyalty for Internet shopping, which fully takes the characteristics of the Internet and cyber shopping into consideration. In order to validate the model, we conducted a web-based survey of the customers of various Internet stores, and the data was processed using structural equation analysis. The results indicate that several factors can effectively increase customer loyalty towards an Internet store and that the relative importance of the identified factors varies according to the level of involvement with the product purchased through the store. We suggest several managerial implications in developing Internet stores for higher customer loyalty based on these results.
Complications following spinal cord injury: occurrence and risk factors in a longitudinal study during and after inpatient rehabilitation.

OBJECTIVE To assess the occurrence and risk factors for complications following spinal cord injury during and after inpatient rehabilitation. DESIGN Multicentre longitudinal study. SUBJECTS A total of 212 persons with a spinal cord injury admitted to specialized rehabilitation centres. METHODS Assessments at the start of active rehabilitation (n=212), 3 months later (n=143), at discharge (n=191) and 1 year after discharge (n=143). RESULTS Multi-level random coefficient analyses revealed that complications were common following spinal cord injury. Most subjects reported neurogenic and musculoskeletal pain, or had spasticity at each assessment. During the year after discharge, complications remained common: urinary tract infections and pressure sores affected 49% and 36% of the population, respectively. The degree of pain decreased, whereas the degree of spasticity increased significantly during inpatient rehabilitation. Overall, increased age, increased body mass index, traumatic lesion, tetraplegia, and complete lesion all increased the risk of complications. CONCLUSION Complications are common following spinal cord injury. They need specific attention after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation and within subpopulations.
Autofib Redshift Survey — I. Evolution of the galaxy luminosity function

We present a detailed determination of the restframe B-band galaxy luminosity function (LF) as a function of redshift and star formation activity from z=0 to z=0.75. The dataset used for this purpose is a combined sample of over 1700 redshifts spanning a wide range in apparent magnitude, 11.5<B<24.0, which we term the Autofib Redshift Survey. The sample includes various earlier magnitude-limited surveys constructed by our team as well as a new survey of 1026 redshifts measured for galaxies at intermediate magnitudes. The large range in apparent magnitude sampled allows us to investigate both the nature of the LF at low redshift (z<0.1) and possible evolution in its shape to z=0.75. We find that earlier bright surveys have underestimated the absolute normalisation of the LF. Because the shape of the local LF does not change with the survey apparent magnitude limit, it seems unlikely that the local deficiency arises from an underestimated population of low luminosity galaxies. Furthermore, surface brightness losses cannot be significant unless they conspire to retain the LF shape over a variety of detection thresholds. Our data directly demonstrates that the B-band LF evolves with redshift. This evolution is best represented as a steepening of the faint-end slope of the LF, from alpha=-1.1 at low redshift to alpha=-1.5 at z=0.5. Using [OII] emission as an indicator of star formation activity, we show that the LF of quiescent galaxies has remained largely unchanged since z=0.5, whereas the luminosity density of star-forming galaxies has declined by nearly a factor of 2. The steepening of the overall LF with lookback time is a direct consequence of the increasing space density of blue star-forming galaxies at moderate redshifts.
Howard Lasnik Essays on Restrictiveness and Learnability. Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 20 . Dordrecht: Kluwer. 1990. Pp. ix + 269. US$86.00 (hardcover).

This collection of articles provides a historical overview of one of the major criteria used to evaluate grammars: restrictiveness. A grammar which can be learned is, of course, highly valued. One of the ways of ensuring the learnability of the grammar is to restrict the learner's hypothesis space; to limit the number of choices at a given time. All of the articles appearing in this collection have been published previously. The original dates of publication range from 1977 to 1989. And, in fact, the 1989 paper can be found in the conference proceedings of a 1982 conference. Actually, then, the latest paper was published in 1984. In spite of the dates involved, this is still a valuable collection. If for no other reason, it is nice to have all of these papers in one place. For the papers are unified in their theme in that they have been inspired by the programme of research set out in Chomsky (1973). This is what makes the book of more than historical interest in that it allows us to trace the notion of restrictiveness through its various forms and see that it is alive and well and living in learnability theory. This book clearly shows the roots of the kind of work found in Wexler and Culicover (1980).
Drosophila Larvae Establish Appetitive Olfactory Memories via Mushroom Body Neurons of Embryonic Origin

Insect mushroom bodies are required for diverse behavioral functions, including odor learning and memory. Using the numerically simple olfactory pathway of the Drosophila melanogaster larva, we provide evidence that the formation of appetitive olfactory associations relies on embryonic-born intrinsic mushroom body neurons (Kenyon cells). The participation of larval-born Kenyon cells, i.e., neurons that become gradually integrated in the developing mushroom body during larval life, in this task is unlikely. These data provide important insights into how a small set of identified Kenyon cells can store and integrate olfactory information in a developing brain. To investigate possible functional subdivisions of the larval mushroom body, we anatomically disentangle its input and output neurons at the single-cell level. Based on this approach, we define 10 subdomains of the larval mushroom body that may be implicated in mediating specific interactions between the olfactory pathway, modulatory neurons, and neuronal output.
Phishing: A Growing Challenge for Internet Banking Providers in Malaysia

Internet banking in Malaysia has the potential to develop further into a key, e-service application that is beneficial to both Internet banking providers and users. To achieve this, a critical mass of Internet banking users needs to be developed and sustained. However, there is growing concern over the erosion of user trust towards this alternative banking channel, stemming from the rise in identity theft cases in the past few years. Phishing is becoming a major problem for users anti is creating an ever-greater issue for Internet banking providers who need to find ways to mitigate the effects of phishing to their operations. This paper outlines the modus operandi of a typical phishing attack and provides a brief overview of, the different types of phishing. It is evident that everyone needs to play. an active role in addressing this with governments and crime prevention authorities having to come tip with the necessary legislation and measures to protect all stakeholders in the Internet banking arena. In addition to that, Internet banking providers need to come up with adequate security systems to minimize the phishing threat to users. More importantly, users need to be educated and made aware of the problem through effective education and awareness programmes. This paper identifies some measures and issues that would require the attention of anti-phishing educators to ensure the effectiveness anti-phishing initiatives.
The identification of discrete Preisach model based on IPMC

Ion-exchange polymer metal composite(IPMC) is one kind of electroactive polymer(EAP) material, which is also called artificial muscle. Like most smart materials, such as piezoelectric, shape memory alloys (SMA), hysteresis also exits in IPMC. Based on the property of classic Preisach model, a discrete Preisach model, which was simulated using MATLAB, verified two properties, wiping-out property and congruency property, of the classic Preisach model. We discuss different identification signals, and give a novel signal which is effective for IPMC. The results of identification using the novel signal are fitable to solve the values of density function of Preisach, and we finally obtain all positive values of density function.
Design of standard-cell libraries for asynchronous circuits with the ASCEnD flow

This work presents the ASCEnD flow, a design flow devised for the design of components required for the design of asynchronous systems using standard-cells. The flow is fully automated except for the layout generation step, and can be parameterized for any CMOS technology. It was employed in the design of a dedicated standard-cell library, which contains over five hundred components, for the STMicroelectronics 65 nm technology. This library supported implementation of different circuits, like network-on-chip routers and cryptographic cores.
Evaluation of text editors

This paper presents a methodology for evaluating computer text editors from the viewpoint of their users—from novices learning the editor to dedicated experts who have mastered the editor. The dimensions which this methodology addresses are: —<italic>Time</italic> to perform edit tasks by experts. —<italic>Errors</italic> made by experts. —<italic>Learning</italic> of basic edit tasks by novices. —<italic>Functionality</italic> over all possible edit tasks. The methodology is objective and thorough, yet easy to use. The criterion of <italic>objectivity</italic> implies that the evaluation scheme not be biased in favor of any particular editor's conceptual model—its way of representing text and operations on the text. In addition, data is gathered by observing people who are equally familiar with each system. <italic>Thoroughness</italic> implies that several different aspects of editor usage be considered. <italic>Ease-of-use</italic> means that methodology is usable by editor designers, managers of word processing centers, or other non-psychologists who need this kind of information, but have limited time and equipment resources. In this paper, we explain the methodology first, then give some interesting empirical results from applying it to several editors.
Phospho-mTOR in non-tumour and tumour bladder urothelium: Pattern of expression and impact on urothelial bladder cancer patients

Urothelial bladder carcinoma (UBC) is heterogeneous in its pathology and clinical behaviour. Evaluation of prognostic and predictive biomarkers is necessary, in order to produce personalised treatment options. The present study used immunohistochemistry to evaluate UBC sections containing tumour and non-tumour areas from 76 patients, for the detection of p-mTOR, CD31 and D2-40 (blood and lymphatic vessels identification, respectively). Of the non-tumour and tumour sections, 36 and 20% were scored positive for p-mTOR expression, respectively. Immunoexpression was observed in umbrella cells from non-tumour urothelium, in all cell layers from non-muscle-invasive (NMI) tumours (including expression in superficial cells), and in spots of cells from muscle-invasive (MI) tumours. Positive expression decreased from non-tumour to tumour urothelium, and from pT1/pTis to pT3/pT4 tumours; however, the few pT3/pT4 positive cases had worse survival rates, with 5-year disease-free survival being significantly lower. Angiogenesis occurrence was impaired in pT3/pT4 tumours that did not express p-mTOR. In conclusion, p-mTOR expression in non-tumour umbrella cells is likely a reflection of their metabolic plasticity, and extension to the inner layers of the urothelium in NMI tumours is consistent with an enhanced malignant potential. The expression in cell spots in a few MI tumours and absence of expression in the remaining tumours is intriguing and requires further research. Additional studies regarding the up- and downstream effectors of the mTOR pathway should be conducted.
Justifying children and young people’s involvement in social research: Assessing harm and benefit

At a time when children and young people’s involvement in research is increasingly the norm, this article reflects on the importance of a well-reasoned and transparent justification for their inclusion or exclusion. It explores the dilemma of a researcher’s ethical obligation to protect children and young people from harm and at the same time respect their autonomy as social actors and independent rights holders to participate in research of relevance to their lives. A researcher’s ethical obligation to conduct a rigorous but balanced assessment of harm and benefit is reiterated. The article takes the debate beyond a call for assessing harm and benefit to providing a strategy for conducting such an assessment at the point of research design. Reflecting on two research projects the authors were involved in, three critical considerations are identified. These are: the purpose and the theoretical context of the research; the preferences of the children and young people and their parents; and the available time and resources. The article draws on the research examples to illustrate the assessment process in practice.
Lifestyle factors and efficacy of lifestyle interventions in gastroesophageal reflux disease patients with functional dyspepsia: primary care perspectives from the LEGEND study.

OBJECTIVE Although gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a very common disorder worldwide, is considered to be a lifestyle disease, the pathogenic role of lifestyle factors and consequently the efficacy of lifestyle interventions, remains controversial. Lifestyle factors associated with GERD and the beneficial effect of specific recommended lifestyle interventions in the primary care setting were evaluated as a post-hoc analysis of the LEGEND study which investigated the effect of lansoprazole in patients with GERD who reported dyspeptic symptoms. METHODS GERD patients with dyspepsia were treated with lansoprazole 15 mg or 30 mg daily for four weeks. Reflux and dyspeptic symptoms were evaluated using patient-reported questionnaires before and four weeks after the administration of lansoprazole. RESULTS Among 12,653 patients, "feelings of continued stress" was the most common lifestyle factor (45.6% of patients), and >30% of the patients reported "eating sweet foods at least once every two to three days," "eating greasy foods at least once every two to three days" and "drinking coffee almost daily. " Introducing lifestyle interventions had a significant effect on both reflux and dyspeptic symptoms. CONCLUSION Lifestyle interventions are thus considered to be important in GERD patients with dyspepsia who receive a proton pump inhibitor.
Distributed spectrum allocation via local bargaining

In this paper, we present an adaptive and distributed approach to spectrum allocation in mobile ad-hoc networks. We propose a local bargaining approach where users affected by the mobility event self-organize into bargaining groups and adapt their spectrum assignment to approximate a new optimal assignment. The number of computations required to adapt to topology changes can be significantly reduced compared to that of the conventional topology-based optimizations that ignore the prior assignment. In particular, we propose a Fairness Bargaining with Feed Poverty to improve fairness in spectrum assignment and derive a theoretical lower bound on the minimum assignment each user can get from bargaining for certain network configurations. Such bound can be utilized to guide the bargaining process. We also show that the difference between the proposed bargaining approach and the true optimal approach is upper-bounded. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed bargaining approach provides similar performance as the topology-based optimization but with more than 50% of reduction in complexity.
Parallelizing multi-objective evolutionary algorithms: cone separation

Evolutionary multi-objective optimization (EMO) may be computationally quite demanding, because instead of searching for a single optimum, one generally wishes to find the whole front of Pareto-optimal solutions. For that reason, parallelizing EMO is an important issue. Since we are looking for a number of Pareto-optimal solutions with different tradeoffs between the objectives, it seems natural to assign different parts of the search space to different processors. We propose the idea of cone separation which is used to divide up the search space by adding explicit constraints for each process. We show that the approach is more efficient than simple parallelization schemes, and that it also works on problems with a non-convex Pareto-optimal front.
Hypoxia on the Expression of Hepatoma Upregulated Protein in Prostate Cancer Cells

Hepatoma upregulated protein (HURP) is a multifunctional protein with clinical promise. This protein has been demonstrated to be a predictive marker for the outcome in high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) patients, besides being a resistance factor in PCa. Although changes in oxygen tension (pO2) are associated with PCa aggressiveness, the role of hypoxia in the regulation of tumor progression genes such as HURP has not yet been described. We hypothesized that pO2 alteration is involved in the regulation of HURP expression in PCa cells. In the present study, PCa cells were incubated at 2% O2 (hypoxia) and 20% O2 (normoxia) conditions. Hypoxia reduced cell growth rate of PCa cells, when compared to the growth rate of cells cultured under normoxia (p < 0.05). The decrease in cell viability was accompanied by fivefold (p < 0.05) elevated rate of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release. The expression of VEGF and the hypoxia-inducible metabolic enzyme carbonic anhydrase 9 were elevated maximally nearly 61-fold and 200-fold, respectively (p < 0.05). Noted in two cell lines (LNCaP and C4-2B) and independent of the oxygen levels, HURP expression assessed at both mRNA and protein levels was reduced. However, the decrease was more pronounced in cells cultured under hypoxia (p < 0.05). Interestingly, the analysis of patients’ specimens by Western blot revealed a marked increase of HURP protein (fivefold), when compared to control (cystoprostatectomy) tissue (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry analysis showed an increase in the immunostaining intensity of HURP and the hypoxia-sensitive molecules, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), VEGF, and heat-shock protein 60 (HSP60) in association with tumor grade. The data also suggested a redistribution of subcellular localization for HURP and HIF-1α from the nucleus to the cytoplasmic compartment in relation to increasing tumor grade. Analysis of HURP Promoter for HIF-1-binding sites revealed presence of four putative HIF binding sites on the promoter of DLGAP5/HURP gene in the non-translated region upstream from the start codon, suggesting association between HIF-1α and the regulation of HURP protein. Taken together, our findings suggest a modulatory role of hypoxia on the expression of HURP. Additionally our results provide basis for utilization of tumor-associated molecules as predictors of aggressive PCa.
Involving Users in the Design Process : Communicating and understanding

This paper examines some of the areas we need to consider before involving users in the design process. First, a brief historical perspective. We then outline some basic principles, and two typical methods for involving users. Various criteria for a user-centred approach are noted, and three principles for designers stated. The type of market the user is involved in, and the links between users and developers are examined. Some economic variables are noted, as it is felt these can come into play at any time. Some practical examples of interesting user involvement are given, and finally a provisional idea for analysing the user environment. Introduction-History In the early days of computing engineers and programmers were responsible for operating computers. There were no end users as such, and not much of a user interface to speak of. Hardware was originally the main focus, Grudin (1990) [7]. But over time this moved to software with strong emphasis on the user interface. This has become more important than ever, as we now have to contemplate not only individuals, but such things as group ware and work group computing. We have gone from “user interface” to “users interfacing. ” The purpose of the user interface is to make the connection between the cold, logical world of the machine, and the abstract emotional one of the human. Finding the most effective way of getting the information to do this can be problematic.