Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biology—Psychology: Integration from the Perspective of Natural Gestalt Psychology and the Synergetic Approach. Comments on L.A. Pervin’s Paper

Kagan, J. (1994). Galen’s prophecy: Temperament in human nature. New York: Basic Books. Netter, P. (1991). Biochemical variables in the study of temperament: Purposes, approaches, and selected findings. In J. Strelau, & A. Angleitner (Eds.), Explorations in temperament: International perspectives on theory and measurement (pp. 147-161). New York: Plenum Press. Rothbart, M. K. (1995). Concept and method in contemporary temperament research. Psychological Inquiry, 6, 334-339. Strelau, J. (1998). Temperament: A psychological perspective. New York: Plenum Press. Strelau, J. (2008). Temperament as a regulator of behavior; After fifty years of Research. Clinton Corners, NY: Eliot Werner Publications. Strelau, J. (submitted for publication). How far are we in searching for the biological background of personality? In T. Maruszewski, M. Fajkowska, & M. W. Eysenck (Eds.), Warsaw Lectures on Personality and Social Psychology (Vol. 1): Personality from biological, cognitive and social perspectives. Clinton Corners, NY: Eliot Werner Publications Strelau, J., & Zawadzki, B. (1997). Temperament and personality: Eysenck’s three superfactors as related to temperamental dimensions. In H. Nyborg (Ed.), The scientific study of human nature: Tribute to Hans J. Eysenck at eighty (pp. 68–91). Oxford: Pergamon Press. Zuckerman, M. (1991). Psychobiology of personality. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Computing Minimum Description Length for Robust Linear Regression Model Selection

A minimum description length (MDL) and stochastic complexity approach for model selection in robust linear regression is studied in this paper. Computational aspects and implementation of this approach to practical problems are the focuses of the study. Particularly, we provide both algorithms and a package of S language programs for computing the stochastic complexity and proceeding with the associated model selection. A simulation study is then presented for illustration and comparing the MDL approach with the commonly used AIC and BIC methods. Finally, an application is given to a physiological study of triathlon athletes.
Do non-word disfluencies affect syntactic parsing?

Although disfluencies such as uh are generally not treated as linguistic items, our results suggest that they can affect syntactic parsing. Using a grammaticality judgment task, we demonstrate that disfluencies are able to affect the syntactic parse of a sentence in two ways. First, disfluencies can make syntactic reanalysis more difficult by coming between an ambiguous constituent and a disambiguating item. Second, the pattern of disfluencies in spontaneous speech may be used by the listener to guide the parse of a sentence. Thus, although disfluencies have often been viewed as pragmatic phenomena, they can affect the language comprehension by influencing its parsing procedures.
Continuous-variable quantum erasure correcting code

We experimentally demonstrate a continuous variable quantum erasure-correcting code, which protects coherent states of light against complete erasure. The scheme encodes two coherent states into a bi-party entangled state, and the resulting 4-mode code is conveyed through 4 independent channels that randomly erases the signal. We show experimentally that the transmitted state can be corrected by performing a syndrome measurement followed by a corrective transformation.
Young people, social capital and ethnic identity

1. Introduction: Young people, social capital and ethnic identity Tracey Reynolds 2. In Transition: Young people in Northern Ireland growing up in, and out of, divided communities Sheena McGrellis 3. Social networks and identity negotiations of religious minority youth in diverse social contexts Arniika Kussisto 4. Transnational family relationships, social networks and return migration among British-Caribbean young people Tracey Reynolds 5. Enabling and constraining aspects of social capital in migrant families: ethnicity, gender and generation Elisabetta Zontini 6. Care leavers and social capital: understanding and negotiating racial and ethnic identity Ravinder Barn 7. "True stories from bare times on road": Developing empowerment, identity and social capital among urban minority ethnic young people in London, U.K. Daniel Briggs 8. Young people's social capital: complex identities, dynamic networks Susie Weller
A game theoretic approach for security and Quality of Service (QoS) co-design in MANETs with cooperative communications

Cooperative communication is proposed to form a virtual MIMO system through strategic relay selection to improve communication quality in wireless networks, including mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Due to their unorganized and decentralized infrastructure, MANETs with cooperative communications (CO-MANETs) are vulnerable to attacks initiated on relays. Although encryption and authentication protocols may prevent compromised data transmission when a selected relay is attacked, their cost is high. In this paper, we propose a game theoretic approach to quantitatively analyze the attack strategies of the attacker so as to make rational decision on relay selection and the authentication parameter adaptation to reach the trade-off between security and Quality of Service (QoS) in CO-MANETs. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach for security and QoS co-design in CO-MANETs.
The Algebra of Timed Processes, ATP: Theory and Application

The algebra of timed processes, ATP, uses a notion of discrete global time and suggests a conceptual framework for introducing time by extending untimed languages. The action vocabularly of ATP contains a special element representing the progress of time. The algebra has, apart from standard operators of process algebras such as prefixing by an action, alternative choice, and parallel composition, a primitive unit-delay operator. For two arguments, processes P and Q, this operator gives a process which behaves as P before the execution of a time event and behaves as Q afterwards. It is shown that several d-unit delay constructs such as timeouts and watchdogs can be expressed in terms of the unit-delay operator and standard process algebra operators. A sound and complete axiomatization for bisimulation semantics is studied and two examples illustrating the adequacy of the language for the description of timed systems are given. Finally we provide a comparison with existing timed process algebras.
Short- and long-term mortality after an acute illness for elderly whites and blacks.

OBJECTIVE To estimate racial differences in mortality at 30 days and up to 2 years following a hospital admission for the elderly with common medical conditions. DATA SOURCES The Medicare Provider Analysis and Review File and the VA Patient Treatment File from 1998 to 2002 were used to extract patients 65 or older admitted with a principal diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, hip fracture, gastrointestinal bleeding, congestive heart failure, or pneumonia. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective analysis of risk-adjusted mortality after hospital admission for blacks and whites by medical condition and in different hospital settings. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Black Medicare patients had consistently lower adjusted 30-day mortality than white Medicare patients, but the initial survival advantage observed among blacks dissipated beyond 30 days and reversed by 2 years. For VA hospitalizations similar patterns were observed, but the initial survival advantage for blacks dissipated at a slower rate. CONCLUSIONS Racial disparities in health are more likely to be generated in the posthospital phase of the process of care delivery rather than during the hospital stay. The slower rate of increase in relative mortality among black VA patients suggests an integrated health care delivery system like the VA may attenuate racial disparities in health.
Draft Genome Sequences of Biosafety Level 2 Opportunistic Pathogens Isolated from the Environmental Surfaces of the International Space Station

ABSTRACT The draft genome sequences of 20 biosafety level 2 (BSL-2) opportunistic pathogens isolated from the environmental surfaces of the International Space Station (ISS) were presented. These genomic sequences will help in understanding the influence of microgravity on the pathogenicity and virulence of these strains when compared with Earth strains.
Dynamic spectrum access in DTV whitespaces: design rules, architecture and algorithms

In November 2008, the FCC ruled that the digital TV whitespaces be used for unlicensed access. This is an exciting development because DTV whitespaces are in the low frequency range (50-698 MHz) compared to typical cellular and ISM bands, thus resulting in much better propagation characteristics and much higher spectral efficiencies. The FCC has also mandated certain guidelines for short range unlicensed access, so as to avoid any interference to DTV receivers. We consider the problem of WiFi like access (popularly referred to as WiFi 2.0) for enterprizes. We assume that the access points and client devices are equipped with cognitive radios, i.e., they can adaptively choose the center frequency, bandwidth and ower of operation. The access points can be equipped with one or more radios. Our goal is to design a complete system, which (i) does not violate the FCC mandate, (ii) dynamically assigns center frequency and bandwidth to each access point based on their demands and (iii) squeezes the maximum efficiency from the available spectrum. This problem is far more general than prior work that investigated dynamic spectrum allocation in cellular and ISM bands, due to the non-homogenous nature of the whitespaces, i.e., different whitespace widths in different parts of the spectrum and the large range of frequency bands with different propagation characteristics. This calls for a more holistic approach to system design that also accounts for frequency dependent propagation characteristics and radio frontend characteristics. In this paper, we first propose design rules for holistic system design. We then describe an architecture derived from our design rules. Finally we propose demand based dynamic spectrum allocation algorithms with provable worst case guarantees. We provide extensive simulation results showing that (i) the performance of our algorithm is within 94% of the optimal in typical settings and (ii) and the DTV whitespaces can provide significantly higher data rates compared to the 2.4GHz ISM band. Our approach is general enough for designing any system with access to a wide range of spectrum.
Essential hypertension--are we on the way to identify primary defects?

Novel strategies in hypertension research have to consider that 'essential' hypertension is not a pathological entity. Recent efforts to define subgroups of patients with essential hypertension have focused on ion transport abnormalities and this approach appears promising in terms of identifying candidate genes which may contribute to the development of high blood pressure. A considerable body of work has been devoted to the Na/H exchanger isoform 1 (NHE-1), a membrane ion transport protein which is ubiquitously expressed and which serves intracellular pH regulation, cell volume control, and transepithelial Na transport (for review see [1]). Recent studies have established that the NHE-1, beside mediating Na/H exchange, can also work in the mode of a Na/Li countertransporter [2]. This property is important in view of earlier findings which demonstrated that enhanced Na/Li + countertransport is an important genetic trait in essential hypertension.
The Stochastic and Dynamic Traveling Purchaser Problem

In this paper, we analyze a dynamic and stochastic variant of the traveling purchaser problem where quantity available for each product in each market decreases over time according to a stochastic process. The multiobjective nature of the problem is faced through a hierarchical evaluation of the different objectives. We introduce three variants of a heuristic approach using reoptimization to exploit new information as it becomes available. The proposed approaches are studied under different operating scenarios characterized by the communication technologies at hand and by the level of information available on the state of the world. Extensive computational results show how communication and a good level of information represent valuable tools for a decision maker, and provide interesting guidelines for decision makers involved with similar stochastic and dynamic problems.
Diffusion tensor imaging of the structural integrity of white matter correlates with impulsivity in adolescents with internet gaming disorder

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is usually defined as the inability of an individual to control internet gaming resulting in serious negative consequences, and trait impulsivity has been viewed as a hallmark feature of IGD. Recent studies have suggested that the structural integrity of the white matter (WM) plays an important role in the neuromediation of an individual's impulsivity. However, no study has examined the association between WM integrity and impulsivity in IGD adolescents.
Hepatic ABCG5 and ABCG8 Overexpression Increases Hepatobiliary Sterol Transport but Does Not Alter Aortic Atherosclerosis in Transgenic Mice*

The individual roles of hepatic versus intestinal ABCG5 and ABCG8 in sterol transport have not yet been investigated. To determine the specific contribution of liver ABCG5/G8 to sterol transport and atherosclerosis, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress human ABCG5 and ABCG8 in the liver but not intestine (liver G5/G8-Tg) in three different genetic backgrounds: C57Bl/6, apoE-KO, and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr)-KO. Hepatic overexpression of ABCG5/G8 enhanced hepatobiliary secretion of cholesterol and plant sterols by 1.5–2-fold, increased the amount of intestinal cholesterol available for absorption and fecal excretion by up to 27%, and decreased the accumulation of plant sterols in plasma by ∼25%. However, it did not alter fractional intestinal cholesterol absorption, fecal neutral sterol excretion, hepatic cholesterol concentrations, or hepatic cholesterol synthesis. Consequently, overexpression of ABCG5/G8 in only the liver had no effect on the plasma lipid profile, including cholesterol, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C, or on the development of proximal aortic atherosclerosis in C57Bl/6, apoE-KO, or LDLr-KO mice. Thus, liver ABCG5/G8 facilitate the secretion of liver sterols into bile and serve as an alternative mechanism, independent of intestinal ABCG5/G8, to protect against the accumulation of dietary plant sterols in plasma. However, in the absence of changes in fractional intestinal cholesterol absorption, increased secretion of sterols into bile induced by hepatic overexpression of ABCG5/G8 was not sufficient to alter hepatic cholesterol balance, enhance cholesterol removal from the body or to alter atherogenic risk in liver G5/G8-Tg mice. These findings demonstrate that overexpression of ABCG5/G8 in the liver profoundly alters hepatic but not intestinal sterol transport, identifying distinct roles for liver and intestinal ABCG5/G8 in modulating sterol metabolism.
High shear treatment of concentrates and drying conditions influence the solubility of milk protein concentrate powders

The solubility of milk protein concentrate (MPC) powders was influenced by the method used for preparing the concentrate, drying conditions, and the type of dryer used. Increasing total solids of the ultrafiltered concentrates (23% total solids, TS) by diafiltration to 25% TS or evaporation to 31% TS decreased the solubility of MPC powders (80–83% protein, w/w dry basis), with ultrafiltration followed by evaporation to higher total solids having the greater detrimental effect on solubility. High shear treatment (homogenisation at 350/100 bar, microfluidisation at 800 bar or ultrasonication at 24 kHz, 600 watts) of ultrafiltered and diafiltered milk protein concentrates prior to spray drying increased the nitrogen solubility of MPC powders (82% protein, w/w dry basis). Of the treatments applied, microfluidisation was the most effective for increasing nitrogen solubility of MPC powders after manufacture and during storage. Manufacture of MPC powders (91% protein, w/w dry basis) prepared on two different pilot-scale dryers (single stage or two stage) from milk protein concentrates (20% TS) resulted in powders with different nitrogen solubility and an altered response to the effects of microfluidisation. Microfluidisation (400, 800 and 1200 bar) of the concentrate prior to drying resulted in increased long term solubility of MPC powders that were prepared on a single stage dryer but not those produced on a two stage spray dryer. This work demonstrates that microfluidisation can be used as a physical intervention for improving MPC powder solubility. Interactions between the method of preparation and treatment of concentrate prior to drying, the drying conditions and dryer type all influence MPC solubility characteristics.
O3F: an object oriented ontology framework

This paper describes an object-oriented framework for ontology representation, which was derived from the analysis of a set of use cases for ontology services provided by ontology agents in open agent networks. The described use cases are converted into a set of requirements for the Information System supporting the ontology service.Each ontology on the server has classes, properties and methods. Classes have attributes, which are properties, methods and axioms. Attributes have facets. Methods have arguments, return value and method definition through axioms. Classes and properties may be arranged in hierarchies. The proposed framework accommodates the expression of arbitrary axioms about the entities in the ontology. We propose a situation calculus approach for describing the action methods of the ontology. Action methods are described by state change and state constraint axioms. The frame problem is handled assuming that nothing changes unless explicitly stated.We present the definition of several relations between entities of different ontologies that allow inferring global relations between those ontologies. Finally, we propose Extended-SL as the Representation Language of O3F.
Inference to the Best Prediction

Responding to Wanja Wiese ’s incisive commentary, I first develop the analogy between predictive processing and scientific discovery. Active inference in the Bayesian brain turns out to be well characterized by abduction (inference to the best explanation), rather than by deduction or induction. Furthermore, the emphasis on control highlighted by cybernetics suggests that active inference can be a process of “inference to the best prediction”, leading to a distinction between “epistemic” and “instrumental” active inference. Secondly, on the relationship between perceptual presence and objecthood, I recognize a distinction between the “world revealing” presence of phenomenological objecthood, and the experience of “absence of presence” or “phenomenal unreality”. Here I propose that world-revealing presence (objecthood) depends on counterfactually rich predictive models that are necessarily hierarchically deep, whereas phenomenal unreality arises when active inference fails to unmix causes “in the world” from those that depend on the perceiver. Finally, I return to control-oriented active inference in the setting of interoception, where cybernetics and predictive processing are most closely connected.
Lysozyme M–Positive Monocytes Mediate Angiotensin II–Induced Arterial Hypertension and Vascular Dysfunction

Background— Angiotensin II (ATII), a potent vasoconstrictor, causes hypertension, promotes infiltration of myelomonocytic cells into the vessel wall, and stimulates both vascular and inflammatory cell NADPH oxidases. The predominant source of reactive oxygen species, eg, vascular (endothelial, smooth muscle, adventitial) versus phagocytic NADPH oxidase, and the role of myelomonocytic cells in mediating arterial hypertension have not been defined yet. Methods and Results— Angiotensin II (1 mg · kg−1 · d−1 for 7 days) increased the number of both CD11b+Gr-1lowF4/80+ macrophages and CD11b+Gr-1highF4/80− neutrophils in mouse aorta (verified by flow cytometry). Selective ablation of lysozyme M-positive (LysM+) myelomonocytic cells by low-dose diphtheria toxin in mice with inducible expression of the diphtheria toxin receptor (LysMiDTR mice) reduced the number of monocytes in the circulation and limited ATII-induced infiltration of these cells into the vascular wall, whereas the number of neutrophils was not reduced. Depletion of LysM+ cells attenuated ATII-induced blood pressure increase (measured by radiotelemetry) and vascular endothelial and smooth muscle dysfunction (assessed by aortic ring relaxation studies) and reduced vascular superoxide formation (measured by chemiluminescence, cytochrome c assay, and oxidative fluorescence microtopography) and the expression of NADPH oxidase subunits gp91phox and p67phox (assessed by Western blot and mRNA reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction). Adoptive transfer of wild-type CD11b+Gr-1+ monocytes into depleted LysMiDTR mice reestablished ATII-induced vascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, and arterial hypertension, whereas transfer of CD11b+Gr-1+ neutrophils or monocytes from gp91phox or ATII receptor type 1 knockout mice did not. Conclusions— Infiltrating monocytes with a proinflammatory phenotype and macrophages rather than neutrophils appear to be essential for ATII-induced vascular dysfunction and arterial hypertension.
Intrusion Detection : Challenges and Current Solutions

The problem of intrusion has been a long standing computer security challenge. With governments and institutes relying more on computer networks it is becoming essential to arm networks with defenses against intrusion and misuse. Such intrusions include installing harmful viruses, spreading worms, initiating distributed attacks, and misuse by authorized users. To defend against these attacks, systems can utilize anomaly detection and pattern matching against known attacks to detect intrusions. These intrusion detection systems have rapidly evolved since their introduction in the 1980s. This paper discusses some of the challenges and threats that face intrusion detection systems followed by a survey of several systems currently available.
A Symbol-Level FDE and Spread-Spectrum Mode Design for Multi-Code Multiple Access Systems

Design of equalizers and spread-spectrum modes or code allocation schemes is crucial for achieving good performance multi-code multiple access systems. In this paper, a symbol- level frequency domain equalizer and spread-spectrum mode are jointly designed to maximize the diversity gain with low complexity. Since the proposed transceiver scheme is independent of the orthogonal codes, it can be applied to direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA), multi-carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems. Simulation results are provided which validate the theoretical analysis.
Optimal dynamic force mapping for obstacle-aided locomotion in 2D snake robots

Snake robots are biomimetic robots highly suited for traversing challenging terrain where traditional robots have difficulty moving. A key aspect is obstacle-aided locomotion, where the snake pushes against the environment to achieve the desired propulsion. The main focus of this work is to optimally determine how to use the motor torque inputs that result in obstacle forces suitable to achieve some user-defined desired path for the snake. To this end, we present a new dynamical snake model, an explicit algebraic relationship between input and obstacle forces, and formulate an optimization problem that seeks to minimize energy consumption while achieving propulsion along the desired path.