Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research and Improvement on Failure Detection Algorithm

Pervasive computing has to be resilient to various kinds of faults and should be able to function despite faults. However, fault tolerance issues have not been well explored so far in pervasive computing research. In this paper, the traditional failure detection algorithm based on heartbeat and some improved failure detection algorithms based on fresh point are discussed and compared. Further, this paper constructs a failure detection algorithm based on fresh point by second layer mode, and gives an improvement by using the historical misjudgment probability to adjust the second detection time dynamically. Finally, experiment is demonstrated about the three algorithms and the results show that the improved algorithm can provide higher accuracy of failure detection in distributed systems.
Impact of Antithrombotic Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation on the Presentation of Coronary Artery Disease

Background Little is known about whether atrial fibrillation is a presentation of coronary disease. There is a paucity of knowledge about their causal relationship and also the impact of different antithrombotic strategies on the subsequent presentation of symptomatic coronary disease. Methods and Results We studied 7,526 Chinese patients diagnosed with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and no documented history of coronary artery disease. The primary endpoint was the new occurrence of coronary artery disease—either stable coronary artery disease or acute coronary syndrome. After a mean follow-up of 3.2±3.5 years (24,071 patient-years), a primary endpoint occurred in 987 patients (13.1%). The overall annual incidence of coronary artery disease was 4.10%/year. No significant differences in age, sex, and mean CHA2DS2-VASc score were observed between patients with and without the primary endpoint. When stratified according to the antithrombotic strategies applied for stroke prevention, the annual incidence of coronary artery disease was 5.49%/year, 4.45%/year and 2.16%/year respectively in those prescribed no antithrombotic therapy, aspirin, and warfarin. Similar trends were observed in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Diabetes mellitus, smoking history and renal failure requiring dialysis were predictors for primary endpoint in all antithrombotic therapies. Conclusion In patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation, there is a modest association with coronary artery disease. Patients prescribed warfarin had the lowest risk of new onset coronary artery disease.
Modelling of inductance machines for electric drives

Most analyses of inductance machine drives make use of a conventional linear machine model, either in the form of self and mutual inductances or the familiar T-form of equivalent circuits. This model is actually more complex than necessary for analysis in the linear regime. On the other hand, it is inadequate for use when the machine is saturated. The author presents several linear and nonlinear models suitable for transient and steady-state analysis. The models are presented in equivalent-circuit form to preserve the identity of nonlinear parameters. A note on modeling of time harmonics is included. <<ETX>>
A Conceptual Framework for Application Comprehension

The scope and purpose of application comprehension is much broader than that of program comprehension. Application comprehension can be viewed as a spectrum spanning the gamut comprising code-level understanding at one end (low level) and understanding the architecture of interorganizational systems at the other end (high level). The nature and the depth of knowledge sought through application comprehension is directly related to the purpose at hand. In this paper, we propose a unified conceptual framework for application comprehension. The framework is influenced by Bloom's taxonomy. The proposed framework considers several aspects of application comprehension and draws upon our experience in developing large-scale, multi-tier distributed applications for brokerage and financial services. We discuss how the proposed conceptual framework can be implemented by leveraging the sophisticated tools that are available as open-source software. We conclude the paper by indicating how the proposed framework can be used to learn software engineering principles, tools, and practices in education and training contexts.
Accounting and the banality of evil

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the significant role of accounting in the expropriation of Jewish real estate after the enforcement of race laws under Benito Mussolini’s Fascist regime in Italy. Design/methodology/approach Hannah Arendt’s understanding of government bureaucracy in the twentieth century totalitarian regimes informs the research which draws upon a wide range of primary sources. Findings Implementation of the program of expropriation was the responsibility of a government body, EGELI, which was created specifically for this purpose. The language of accounting provided the means to disguise the nature and brutality of the process and allow bureaucrats to be removed from the consequences of their actions. Accounting reports from EGELI to the Ministry of Finance confirmed each year that those who worked in EGELI were devoted to its mission as an agency of the Fascist State. Research limitations/implications The findings of this study recognize the need for further research on the role played by servicemen, bureaucrats and accounting as a technology of government in the deportation of Italian Jews to Germany. The study also provides impetus to examine how other countries managed the properties confiscated or expropriated from the Jews in the earlier stages of the Final Solution. Originality/value The study is the first to identify the significant role played by accounting and accountants in the persecution of Italian Jews under the Fascism.
Beyond Induction Motors—Technology Trends to Move Up Efficiency

Premium/IE3 efficiency class motors are now mandatory in North America. Super-Premium/IE4 and Ultra-Premium/IE5 efficiency classes are to be defined in the 2nd Edition of the IEC 60034-30 standard. For line-start fixed-speed applications, Super-Premium/IE4-class line-start permanentmagnet (PM) motors and squirrel-cage induction motors are recent entrances in the industrial motor market. For variable-speed applications, IE4-class synchronous reluctance motors are also a recent entrance in the market. For the low-power range, moving from the IE4 to the IE5 class may require moving away from radial-flux induction motor technology and into PM and reluctance technology, either using rare-earth or ferrite magnets. In this paper, efficiency analysis on the best available emerging electric motor technologies, such as axial-flux PM synchronous motors, is presented. The potential efficiency gain associated with several design options as well as some considerations on the theoretical maximum efficiency achievable taking into account those existing design options.
Application of K-means Algorithm Based on Ant Clustering Algorithm in Macroscopic Planning of Highway Transportation Hub

Development of highway transportation promotes sustainable and rapid development in economy of our country effectively. But construction of highway and transportation hub shows the nature of unbalance. So highway main hub cities must be clustered using cluster analysis, and then divided level in order to functional analyze. K-means algorithm is the most widely used algorithm in clustering analysis, which clustering numbers and initial clustering centers are uncertain. This paper proposes application of K-means algorithm in macroscopic planning of highway transportation hub based on ant clustering algorithm. The experimental results show this algorithm can more effectively solved clustering problem than K-means algorithm and ant clustering algorithm.
Cervical zygapophysial joint pain maps.

OBJECTIVE To determine the patterns of referred pain in patients with proven cervical zygapophysial joint pain. DESIGN The pain drawings were analyzed of patients with neck pain or headache who underwent controlled, diagnostic blocks, to test whether a zygapophysial joint was the source of their pain. The distribution of pain reported by each patient who had a positive response to blocks at a particular segmental level was copied onto a grid map in order to construct a composite map of the pain patterns of that segment. Based on the prevalence of a particular joint being symptomatic and the frequency with which it referred pain to particular areas, maps were constructed to indicate the probability of a particular joint being the source of pain in a given area. RESULTS As reported by patients, the location and distribution of pain from particular cervical zygapophysial joints varies considerably; more so than in studies of normal volunteers. Nevertheless, segmental patterns could be identified. Although the pain patterns of adjacent segments overlap, those of remote segments do not. Furthermore, certain guidelines could be derived by which practitioners might distinguish pain from adjacent segments. CONCLUSION Pain maps based on areas in which patients are relieved of pain by controlled blocks provide a more representative guide to the recognition of the segmental origin of cervical zygapophysial joint pain than do maps derived from normal volunteers.
Sieve-Based Spatial Relation Extraction with Expanding Parse Trees

A key challenge introduced by the recent SpaceEval shared task on spatial relation extraction is the identification of MOVELINKs, a type of spatial relation in which up to eight spatial elements can participate. To handle the complexity of extracting MOVELINKs, we combine two ideas that have been successfully applied to information extraction tasks, namely tree kernels and multi-pass sieves, proposing the use of an expanding parse tree as a novel structured feature for training MOVELINK classifiers. Our approach yields state-of-the-art results on two key tasks in SpaceEval.
On the integer part of the M-th root and the largest M-th power not exceeding N

The main purpose of this paper is using the elementary methods to study the properties of the integer part of the m-th root and the largest m-th power not exceeding n, and give some interesting identities involving these numbers. denotes the greatest integer not exceeding to x. For example, a2(1) = 1, a2(2) = 1, a2(3) = 1, a2(4) = 2, a2(5) = 2, a2(6) = 2, a2(7) = 2, a2(8) = 2; a2(9) = 3, a2(10) = 3, ¢¢¢ : In (1), Professor F. Smarandache asked us to study the properties of the sequences fak(n)g. About this problem, Z. H. Li (2) studied its mean value properties, and given an interesting asymptotic formula:
Multi-objective capacity planning of a PV-wind-diesel-battery hybrid power system

A new solution methodology of the capacity design problem of a PV-Wind-Diesel-Battery Hybrid Power System (HPS) is presented. The problem is formulated as a Linear Programming (LP) model with two objectives: minimizing total cost and minimizing total CO2 emissions, while capping the Expected Unserved Energy (EUE). Total emissions include, in addition to the direct emissions from burning fossil fuel, the embedded emissions of all system components, obtained using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) techniques. The proposed approach is applied on a case study which entails designing a HPS for a city of 50,000 residents. Model inputs were extracted from real environmental and technical data. The results obtained were used to construct the Pareto front, representing the best trade-off between cost and emissions under different reliability conditions. The optimal system configuration and operating plan were also found and the results were interpreted.
Mortgage Terminations, Heterogeneity and the Exercise of Mortgage Options

As applied to the behavior of homeowners with mortgages, option theory predicts that mortgage prepayment or default will be exercised if the call or put option in in the money by some specific amount. Our analysis: tests the extent to which the option approach can explain default and prepayment behavior; evaluates the practical importance of modeling both options simultaneously; and models the unobserved herterogeneity of borrowers in the home mortgage market. The paper presents a unified model of the competing risks of mortgage termination by prepayment and default, considering the two hazards as dependent competing risks which are estimated jointly. It also accounts for the unobserved heterogeneity among borrowers, and estimates the unobserved heterogeneity simultaneously with the parameters and baseline hazards associated with prepayment and default functions. Our results show that the option model, in its most straightforward version, does a good job of explaining default and prepayment; but it is not enough by itself. The simultaneity of the options is very important empirically in explaining behavior. The results also show that there exists significant heterogeneity among mortgage borrowers. Ignoring this heterogeneity results in serious errors in estimating the prepayment behavior of homeowners.
Firm Heterogeneity and Investor Inattention on Friday December

Recent studies document reduced reaction to earnings and merger announcements on Friday and attribute it to investors’ inattention on Friday relative to other days of the week. We find that Friday underreaction is also present for Friday announcements of dividend changes, seasoned equity offerings, and repurchases. However, we show that what appears to be Friday inattention is actually an outcome of firm heterogeneity. Firms that made the Friday announcements induce a reduced reaction not only on Friday but also on Monday through Thursday. This means that Friday announcing firms are dissimilar from other firms in terms of characteristics that determine market reaction to corporate news. Further, within the relatively homogeneous population of the Friday announcing firms, market reaction on Friday is not different than that on other weekdays. To identify characteristics that distinguish Friday announcers from other firms, we focus on earnings announcements and hand-collect a large data set of announcement timestamps from the newswires. We find that the Friday underreaction is produced by the few earnings announcements made after trading hours on Friday. The Friday evening announcing firms differ from other firms in terms of their institutional holdings, market capitalization, and analyst following. Controlling for these characteristics eliminates the Friday effect. We conclude that while inattention may explain certain patterns in the behavior of investors and prices in financial markets, it is not the reason for the reduced reaction to corporate announcements on Friday; rather, it is the type of firms that choose to make their announcements on Friday. JEL Classification: G11 G14
Force feedback joystick control of a powered wheelchair: preliminary study

An evaluation of a force feedback joystick for a powered wheelchair is performed. Our aim is to determine if the force feedback joystick enhances the driving performance of persons with severe disabilities. A Microsoft/spl reg/ Sidewinder/spl trade/ force feedback joystick 2 is used with a computer simulation system for the evaluation phase of the study. The factor used to determine the feedback force of the joystick is the displacement vectors of sixteen sensors to the nearest obstacles. The preliminary results on persons without disability show that there is fewer collisions when the force feedback algorithm is activated compared to their performance when the algorithm is not activated. All test subjects agreed that when the force feedback algorithm is activated, the wheelchair guidance is easier in corridor displacement. Moreover, some subjects found it easier for door crossing.
Studies of Hypercholesterolemia in the Nonhuman Primate: I. Changes that Lead to Fatty Streak Formation

Morphologic studies resulting from events that occur during the development of the lesions of atherosclerosis were studied In chronic, diet-induced hypercholesterolemia In a series of nonhuman primates. Within 12 days of hypercholesterolemia In Macaca nemestrina, monocytes became adherent to the surface of the endothelium. These monocytes appeared to migrate subendothelially, accumulate lipid, and become lipld-laden macrophages (foam cells). Within a month, a “seroflbrinous insudate” formed together with variable numbers of subendothellal llpid-laden macrophages. By the second month, foam cells increased In number, often in multilayers, to form a fatty streak. Concomitantly, the luminal surface of the arteries became increasingly Irregular due to the subendothelial accumulation of foam cells. Numerous monocytes continued to attach to the endothelial surface over the fatty streaks, and many of them appeared to enter the Intlma and participate In the growth of the fatty streaks. Lipid-laden smooth muscle cells appeared in small numbers and formed two to four layers between the macrophages and the internal elastic lamella at 2 to 3 months. During the third month of hypercholesterolemla, endothelial cell continuity over the llpid-laden macrophages became Interrupted, exposing the underlying foam cells to circulating blood. Foam cells were then readily observed In whole blood smears, suggesting that many of the lipld-laden macrophages leave the intima and enter the circulation.After 4 months, significant endothelial denudation was found In the lilac artery and many exposed macrophages were covered by adherent platelets in the form of a mural thrombus. Thus, the early components of atherosclerosis induced by chronic hypercholesterolemla centered around the monocyte-macrophage and its interaction with endothelium In the induction of the fatty streak. Subsequent changes that lead to macrophage-smooth muscle Interactions, platelet-macrophage Interactions, and platelet-endothelial interactions appeared to set the stage for the development of more advanced proliferatlve lesions.
Using an inverse modelling approach with equifinality control to investigate the dominant controls on snowmelt nutrient export

There is great interest in modelling the export of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from agricultural fields because of ongoing challenges of eutrophication. However, the use of existing hydrochemistry models can be problematic in cold regions because models frequently employ incomplete or conceptually incorrect representations of the dominant cold regions hydrological processes and are overparameterized, often with insufficient data for validation. Here, a process‐based N model, WINTRA, which is coupled to a physically based cold regions hydrological model, was expanded to simulate P and account for overwinter soil nutrient biochemical cycling. An inverse modelling approach, using this model with consideration of parameter equifinality, was applied to an intensively monitored agricultural basin in Manitoba, Canada, to help identify the main climate, soil, and anthropogenic controls on nutrient export. Consistent with observations, the model results suggest that snow water equivalent, melt rate, snow cover depletion rate, and contributing area for run‐off generation determine the opportunity time and surface area for run‐off–soil interaction. These physical controls have not been addressed in existing models. Results also show that the time lag between the start of snowmelt and the arrival of peak nutrient concentration in run‐off increased with decreasing antecedent soil moisture content, highlighting potential implications of frozen soils on run‐off processes and hydrochemistry. The simulations showed TDP concentration peaks generally arriving earlier than NO3 but also decreasing faster afterwards, which suggests a significant contribution of plant residue Total dissolved Phosphorus (TDP) to early snowmelt run‐off. Antecedent fall tillage and fertilizer application increased TDP concentrations in spring snowmelt run‐off but did not consistently affect NO3 run‐off. In this case, the antecedent soil moisture content seemed to have had a dominant effect on overwinter soil N biogeochemical processes such as mineralization, which are often ignored in models. This work demonstrates both the need for better representation of cold regions processes in hydrochemical models and the model improvements that are possible if these are included.
Link prediction-based topology control and adaptive routing in Cognitive Radio Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Cognitive Radio (CR) is a promising technology which deals with using vacant spectrum of licensed frequency band opportunistically. In CR Network, route construction must not affect the transmission of Primary User activity. In CR technology challenge of maintaining optimal routes arises due to PU activity and mobility of spectrum resources i.e. CR users. Maintaining optimal routes in Ad-hoc CR network increases the overall network throughput and decreases end-to-end delay. This end-to-end network performance can be increased by providing cognition capability to routing in Cognitive Radio Mobile Ad-Hoc Network. We propose routing scheme with link-availability prediction and topology control. Link-availability prediction considers primary user activities and user mobility. Topology control constructs dynamic and reliable topology based on link prediction. This routing scheme reduces energy consumption, rerouting and thus enhances overall network performance and ensures least delay.
Exploring Users' Interactive Behaviors in Online Group: A Case Study of QQ Group "TuanRenTang"

The users’ interactive behaviors of the online group chat and an accurate identification of users’ interaction, which can provide method support for mining user interests and the crowd labeling, was analyzed in this paper. By using social network analysis method, the study took QQ Group “TuanRenTang” as an example to analyze users’ interactive behaviors, discover users’ interaction relationships, construct interaction networks, and explore the interaction types and community detection. The findings suggested that both explicit and implicit interaction exist in the same topic discussion. Users could be classified into four categories: active interaction, general interaction, passive interaction and lurking interaction based on different user activity. Besides, twenty “experts” and eight communities on the basis of interaction networks had been found out from the sample data of “TuanRenTang” chat records.
Detection and Damage Diagnosis for Wind Turbine Blades Based on the Theory of Length Fractal Dimension on Dynamic Properties

Blades are the key components of large scale wind turbine. It is significant to do the detection and damage diagnosis for it. However, the changing circumstance and variable load always make the blade’s vibration signal complex. To detect damage information of blade, some dyn parameters are picked up from the signal measured and used as the characteristic. In this paper, a dynamics model of 300w wind turbine has been build in FEM. Via modal analysis and dynamics emulate, obtain dyn properties, get the characteristic frequency¿vibration shape and response data. Apply the theory of length fractal dimension on nonlinear vibration system to calculate the length fractal dimension in the blade’s normal or damaged situation. The dimension can be used as the surveying characteristic to do the diagnosis. The method presented in this paper provides an academic reference and an example to research the detection and damage diagnosis further for large scale wind turbine blades.