Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus among Domesticated Animals, China

To investigate the infections of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) in domesticated animals, we sampled a total of 3,039 animals in 2 counties in Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China, from April to November 2011. SFTSV-specific antibodies were detected in 328 (69.5%) of 472 sheep, 509 (60.5%) of 842 cattle, 136 (37.9%) of 359 dogs, 26 (3.1%) of 839 pigs, and 250 (47.4%) of 527 chickens. SFTSV RNA was detected in all sampled animal species, but the prevalence was low, ranging from 1.7% to 5.3%. A cohort study in 38 sheep was conducted to determine when seroconversion to SFTSV occured. SFTSVs were isolated from sheep, cattle, and dogs and shared >95% sequence homology with human isolates from the same disease-endemic regions. These findings demonstrate that natural infections of SFTSV occur in several domesticated animal hosts in disease-endemic areas and that the virus has a wide host range.
Voices and Echoes for the Environment: Public Interest Representation in the 1990s and Beyond

1. Voices and Echoes in the Public Interest Marketplace: The Development of the Public Interest Sector2. From Social Movement to Public Interest Organizations: The Organizational Transformation of Environmentalism in the United States3. Growing Pains: Leadership Challenges in Contemporary Environmental Organizations4. Membership Recruitment and Retention: Direct Mail, Telemarketing, and Canvassing5. It's Not Easy Being Green: Leadership Incentives and Membership Motivations6. The Heart of the Matter: Leadership-Membership Connections7. Organizational Leadership and Grassroots Empowerment: Reinvigorating Public Interest Representation in the United StatesAppendix A. Public Interest OrganizationsAppendix B. Operationalization of Variables, chapter 5Appendix C. Validity and Reliability, chapter 5Appendix D. Specific and General Policy Issues Presented in 1977--1978 CommunicationsAppendix E. Operationalization of Variables, chapter 6
Appreciating Lessons Learned

Although lessons-learned activities aid software process improvement, few IT industry organizations regularly and adequately conduct them. Recent studies explain why, identifying 19 barriers for conducting lessons learned. The Postmortem Evaluation theory proposes that organizations almost only focus on what went wrong. 4ALL, a new lessons-learned method based on the appreciative inquiry approach, aims to facilitate learning. It was developed and evaluated in close collaboration with Ericsson. Through attentive moderating and careful timing, the 4ALL method emphasizes the importance of balancing excellences and challenges. It radically increases the identification of excellences and how to learn from what went right, enhancing participants' pride, and significantly increasing the appreciation of lessons-learned workshops at Ericsson.
Shannon and Renyi Entropy of Wavelets

This paper reports a new reading for wavelets, which is based on the classical ’De Broglie’ principle. The wave-particle duality principle is adapted to wavelets. Every continuous basic wavelet is associated with a proper probability density, allowing defining the Shannon entropy of a wavelet. Further entropy definitions are considered, such as Jumarie or Renyi entropy of wavelets. We proved that any wavelet
Fiscal Divergence, Current Account and TARGET2 Imbalances in the EMU

The paper scrutinizes the reasons for the European debt crisis, the implications for TARGET2 imbalances and options for surplus liquidity absorption within an asymmetric EMU. It is argued that starting from the turn of the millennium diverging fiscal policy paths and diverging unit labour costs were the driving force of rising intra-European current account imbalances within the euro area, which were enhanced by post-2001 low interest rate policies and changing financing conditions for the German banking sector. The paper shows how since the outbreak of the crisis the adjustment of intra-EMU current account imbalances is postponed by a rising divergence of TARGET2 balances, as the repatriation of private international credit and deposit flight from the crisis economies is substituted by central bank credit. Given that this process has brought Deutsche Bundesbank into a debtor position to the domestic financial system, we discuss options for liquidity absorption by Deutsche Bundesbank to forestall asset price bubbles in Germany.
Ionic mechanisms maintaining action potential conduction velocity at high firing frequencies in an unmyelinated axon

The descending contralateral movement detector (DCMD) is a high‐performance interneuron in locusts with an axon capable of transmitting action potentials (AP) at more than 500 Hz. We investigated biophysical mechanisms for fidelity of high‐frequency transmission in this axon. We measured conduction velocities (CVs) at room temperature during exposure to 10 mmol/L cadmium, a calcium current antagonist, and found significant reduction in CV with reduction at frequencies >200 Hz of ~10%. Higher temperatures induced greater CV reductions during exposure to cadmium across all frequencies of ~20–30%. Intracellular recordings during 15 min of exposure to cadmium or nickel, also a calcium current antagonist, revealed an increase in the magnitude of the afterhyperpolarization potential (AHP) and the time to recover to baseline after the AHP (Medians for Control: −19.8%; Nickel: 167.2%; Cadmium: 387.2%), that could be due to a T‐type calcium current. However, the removal of extracellular calcium did not mimic divalent cation exposure suggesting calcium currents are not the cause of the AHP increase. Computational modeling showed that the effects of the divalent cations could be modeled with a persistent sodium current which could be blocked by high concentrations of divalent cations. Persistent sodium current shortened the AHP duration in our models and increased CV for high‐frequency APs. We suggest that faithful, high‐frequency axonal conduction in the DCMD is enabled by a mechanism that shortens the AHP duration like a persistent or resurgent sodium current.
Learning Paraphrases to Improve a Question-Answering System

In this paper, we present a nearly unsupervised learning methodology for automatically extracting paraphrases from the Web. Starting with one single linguistic expression of a semantic relationship, our learning algorithm repeatedly samples the Web, in order to build a corpus of potential new examples of the same relationship. Sampling steps alternate with validation steps, during which implausible paraphrases are ﬁltered out us-ing an EM-based unsupervised clustering procedure. This learning machinery is built on top of an existing question-answering (QA) system and the learnt paraphrases will eventually be used to improve its recall. We focus here on the learning aspect of this system and report preliminary results.
Design of a systolic array based multiplierless support vector machine classifier

This paper presents design of a multiplierless kernel operation for binary Support Vector machine which is based on systolic array architecture. This design provides reduced area, reduced cost and high speed performance due to the use of multiplierless kernel operation. Binary SVM classifier classifies two groups of linearly or nonlinearly separable data. We have designed an algorithm which is expected to reduce area, reduce power and speed up the processor in hardware level. At first SVM classifier is trained and then extracted training parameters are used in the testing phase of the same. The dataflow from all the processing elements (PE) s is parallely supported by systolic array.
DYNAMIC WORD BASED DATA COMPRESSION ALGORITHM FOR TEXT USING TAGGED SUB OPTIMAL CODE ( TSC )

This paper presents a compression algorithm that can be used to compress the data as and when they are written rather than after they are stored. In this scheme the data is stored in compressed form rather than the data being compressed later. It is an efficient data compression technique comprising of Dynamic Word Based Tagged Sub – optimal Code (TSC) technique. This technique doesn’t use a single code for the text that it encounters. Instead it gives variable codes to the text as they come according to their frequencies. The major advantages of this algorithm are the speed of compression and the elimination of space complexity. This algorithm is suitable for real time applications for small digital devices such as Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) which have very limited capacity. Further, the compressed text can be decompressed in a simple and efficient manner. The paper also presents the design of the required data structures for our algorithm.
Condensing biomedical journal texts through paragraph ranking

MOTIVATION The growing availability of full-text scientific articles raises the important issue of how to most efficiently digest full-text content. Although article titles and abstracts provide accurate and concise information on an article's contents, their brevity inevitably entails the loss of detail. Full-text articles provide those details, but require more time to read. The primary goal of this study is to combine the advantages of concise abstracts and detail-rich full-texts to ease the burden of reading. RESULTS We retrieved abstract-related paragraphs from full-text articles through shared keywords between the abstract and paragraphs from the main text. Significant paragraphs were then recommended by applying a proposed paragraph ranking approach. Finally, the user was provided with a condensed text consisting of these significant paragraphs, allowing the user to save time from perusing the whole article. We compared the performance of the proposed approach with a keyword counting approach and a PageRank-like approach. Evaluation was conducted in two aspects: the importance of each retrieved paragraph and the information coverage of a set of retrieved paragraphs. In both evaluations, the proposed approach outperformed the other approaches. CONTACT jchiang@mail.ncku. edu.tw.
Image Annotation with Multiple Quantization

Image annotation plays an important role in image retrieval and understanding. Various techniques have been proposed for assigning keywords to images. One of the most frequently used methods is to search annotated images with similar visual features, and keywords are transfered to new coming images. This leads to the problem of nearest neighbor search, which is a hot topic of pattern recognition, information retrieval, and data compression. In this paper we proposed a fast and effective method for retrieving similar images from large collections of annotated images. The proposed technique employs discrete cosine transform and regular lattice quantization to encode images and search similar images directly with the corresponding codes. This technique is evaluated on image annotation. Similar images are retrieved by utilizing our encoding strategy, and keywords are assigned by utilizing traditional label transfer mechanism. Experimental results show that our method provides competitive performance with traditional methods, and mean while provides one scalable framework for annotating large collections of image dataset.
Robotic Formation Control using Variable Structure Systems Approach

This paper addresses robust control of multiple mobile robots moving in desired formations. A rigorous control technique for such an agent-based robotic system may encounter problems of singularity, parameter sensitivity and inter-robot collision. Our proposed framework focuses on the enhancement of robustness as well as collision-free establishment of formations even in the case of singularity and uncertainties in sensing information of the reference coordinates by using variable structure controllers incorporated with a reactive control scheme. Advantages of the approach are verified in simulation of three robots moving in a line, a column and a wedge
Some new sufficient conditions for generalized strictly diagonally dominant matrices

Generalized strictly diagonally dominant matrices have wide applications in science and engineering, but it is very difficult to determine whether a given matrix is a generalized strictly diagonally dominant matrix or not in practice. In this paper, we give several practical conditions for generalized strictly diagonally dominant matrices by constructing different positive diagonal matrix and applying some techniques of inequalities, which improve and generalize some existing conclusions. Effectiveness of results is illustrated by some numerical examples.
A Delay-Based Piggyback Scheme in IEEE 802.11

A data frame can piggyback a control frame to increase the channel efficiency in a wireless communication such as IEEE 802.11 WLAN. However, the piggyback scheme may cause the decrease of the channel efficiency and the increase of the frame transmission delay for other stations if the station has the low transmission rate and the control frame presents the global control information such as the channel reservation time. It is similar to the anomaly phenomenon in the network which supports the multi-rate transmission. In this paper, we define this phenomenon as "the piggyback problem at low physical transmission rate" and evaluate the effect of this problem with respect to the physical transmission rate and the normalized traffic load. Then, we propose the delay-based piggyback algorithm which decides to use the piggyback scheme for a control frame based on the delay efficiency in IEEE 802.11 WLAN. In the simulation results, the proposed algorithm reduces the average frame transmission delay and the channel utilization about 24% and 25%, respectively even if there is one station which has low physical transmission rate.
Immunotherapy for renal cell cancer.

In the West, renal cell cancer accounts for 2% of all and 1993.6 This failure of chemotherapy could be explained by the high levels of expression of the cancers. Over 4000 new cases are currently reported multi-drug resistance gene in renal tumours.7 Two annually in the UK1 and a worldwide mortality in highly homologous genes, MDR1 and MDR2, located excess of 100 000 deaths is predicted in the on the long arm of chromosome 7, encode for drug year 2000.3 The incidence of this tumour is increasresistance. Transfection studies have demonstrated ing. For example, there has been a 38% increase that MDR1 is responsible for the multi-drug resistance between 1974 and 1990 in the USA.2 phenotype, although the function of MDR2 in The treatment of renal cell cancer has radically humans is uncertain. High levels of the MDR1 changed in the last decade, and these changes have protein, a 170 kDa cell-surface ATP-binding efflux brought significant hope to patients with this maligpump, are found in cells of the proximal renal nancy. Chemotherapy and hormonal treatments are tubules8 and the majority of renal cell cancers are given for metastatic renal cell cancer, but response most closely related to these cells immunophenotyprates are low at 5–10%, and the duration of response ically. A correlation has been found between is measured in months. In contrast, immunotherapy is P-glycoprotein expression and progression-free surrelatively successful with responses in up to 40% of vival in renal cell cancer.9 Although inhibitors of the patients. The importance of immunotherapy P-glycoprotein calcium efflux pump do not potentiate responses is that they may be durable. the effects of chemotherapy, this may be because Oestrogens induce renal cancers in Syrian Golden dosages sufficient to have a biological effect are not hamsters, and this effect is abrogated by progestapossible in humans because of toxicity.6,10 gens.4 On the basis of this observation, a trial of Against this background of the failure of convenmedroxyprogesterone acetate was initiated in the tional treatments for renal cell cancer, the successes 1960s which showed a 27% response rate of 9 of immunotherapy have been welcomed by oncolomonths median duration.5 Unfortunately however, gists and embraced by their patients. This article this excellent result, a tribute to positive publication, reviews the current status of immunotherapy for has never been repeated, and progestagens have renal cell cancers. largely been abandoned as first-line therapy for advanced renal cell cancer. In a similar fashion, chemotherapy has little effect in renal cell carcinoma. In phase II trials, even with Theoretical basis of immunotherapy the following wind of positive reporting, no single cytotoxic agent has produced a response rate Immunotherapy for cancer dates back to the turn of exceeding 10%. An overall response rate of just 6% the century to the use of Cooley’s toxins. There are is reported in a review of 4093 patients enrolled clinical features of renal cell cancer that point to the importance of the host immune system in controlling into 83 chemotherapy trials between 1983
Clinical outcomes in outpatient respiratory syncytial virus infection in immunocompromised children

Immunocompromised patients are at high risk for morbidity and mortality due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Increasingly, pediatric patients with malignancy or undergoing transplantation are managed primarily as outpatients. Data regarding the clinical presentation and outcomes of RSV in the outpatient pediatric immunocompromised population are limited.
∞ Algebras , Conformal Mechanics , and Black Holes

We discuss BPS solitons in gauged N = 2, D = 4 supergravity. The solitons represent extremal black holes interpolating between different vacua of anti-de Sitter spaces. The isometry superalgebras are determined and the motion of a superparticle in the extremal black hole background is studied and confronted with superconformal mechanics. We show that the Virasoro symmetry of conformal mechanics, which describes the dynamics of the superparticle near the horizon of the extremal black hole under consideration, extends to a symmetry under the w∞ algebra of area-preserving diffeomorphisms. We find that a Virasoro subalgebra of w∞ can be associated to the Virasoro algebra of the asymptotic symmetries of AdS2. In this way spacetime diffeomorphisms of AdS2 translate into diffeomorphisms in phase space: our system offers an explicit realization of the AdS2/CFT1 correspondence. Using the dimensionally reduced action, the central charge is computed. Finally, we also present generalizations of superconformal mechanics which are invariant under N = 1 and N = 2 superextensions of w∞. e-mail: cacciatori@mi.infn. it e-mail: klemm@science.unitn. it e-mail: daniela.zanon@mi.infn. it
Utilizing alternate target cells in treating HIV infection through scheduled treatment

The dynamics of the human immune response to infection are nonlinear and complex, and analysis of these models can yield surprising, counterintuitive insights. In this paper, we explore one such insight concerning the treatment of HTV infection. In a previous paper, we introduced a model predictive control (MPC) based method of determining treatment schedules that would induce a transition to a state in which the patient's immune system controlled the viral infection without the need for further treatment. We show how introducing additional, non HIV-specific target cells (cells which act as hosts for the HIV virus) can yield faster convergence with less transient damage to the patient's immune system.
Local outlier detection for data streams in sensor networks: Revisiting the utility problem invited paper

Outlier detection is an important task in data mining, with applications ranging from intrusion detection to human gait analysis. With the growing need to analyze high speed data streams, the task of outlier detection becomes even more challenging as traditional outlier detection techniques can no longer assume that all the data can be stored for processing. While researchers mostly focus on detecting global outliers for data streams, detecting local outliers on streaming data has been neglected. This is an example of the utility problem in machine learning, where the machine learning algorithm needs to consider how the scarcity of a critical resource in the deployment environment affects the utility of any learned model. In this paper we focus on local outliers and propose an incremental solution assuming finite memory available. Our experimental results on a variety of data sets show that our solution is well suited to application environments with limited memory (e.g., wireless sensor networks) where the state of the system is changing.
Data Provenance in Economical Database Design

The data provenance describes the producing of data and evolves with the time. It has many application fields, such as evaluation of data quality, audit trail, replication recipes, data citation, etc. This paper emphasizes on describing about how data is generated and evolves with time going on, and gives an example of Data Provenance in Economical Database Design to describe the application of data provenance in economic. The research efforts of uncertain data provenance to track the derivation of data and uncertainty are also summarized. Finally this paper lists applications of the data provenance, discusses the main challenges, and points out some research issues in future.
Attentional Orienting Is Impaired by Unilateral Lesions of the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus in the Rat

The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) has been implicated in attentional processes based on its anatomical, electrophysiological, and neurochemical relationships with the sensory nuclei of the thalamus and corresponding sensory areas of cortex. This study examined the possibility that the TRN is involved in covert orienting of attention. Attention can be summoned to a spatial location in the absence of an overt orienting response. The reaction time to a visual target is faster when attention has been drawn to the location of the target by a preceding cue in that location (valid cue) compared with when the cue misdirects attention (invalid cue) away from the location of the subsequent target. This reaction time difference is referred to as the “validity effect. ” Rats were trained to perform such a reaction time task with visual cues and targets presented in poke holes to either side of the rat's head, which had to be maintained centrally and still. If the rat made an overt orienting response to the cue, the trial was aborted. Unilateral lesions were made by injection of ibotenic acid in the TRN. After surgery, there was no bias apparent in their responding; they were as likely to initiate responses and were equally accurate to either side. There was, however, a complete abolition of the validity effect for responses to contralateral targets. The data are discussed in terms of a role for the TRN in attentional processing.