Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gold nanoparticles based colorimetric nanodiagnostics for cancer and infectious diseases

Traditional in vitro diagnostics requires specialized laboratories and costly instrumentation, both for the amplification of nucleic acid targets (usually achieved by PCR) and for the assay readout, often based on fluorescence. We are developing hybrid nanomaterials-based sensors for the rapid and low-cost diagnosis of various disease biomarkers, for applications in portable platforms for diagnostics at the point-of-care. To this aim, we exploited the size and distancedependent optical properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to achieve colorimetric detection. Moreover, in order to avoid the complexity of thermal cycles associated to traditional PCR, the design of our systems includes signal amplification schemes, achieved by the use of enzymes (nucleases, helicase) or DNAzymes. Focused on instrument-free and sensitive detection, we carefully combined the intrinsic sensitivity by multivalency of functionalized AuNPs with isothermal and non-stringent enzyme-aided reaction conditions, controlled AuNPs aggregates, universal reporters and magnetic microparticles, the latter used both as a substrate and as a means for the colorimetric detection. We obtained simple and robust assays for the sensitive (pM range or better) naked-eye detection of cancer or infectious diseases (HPV, HCV) biomarkers, requiring no instrumentation except for a simple heating plate. Finally, we are also developing non-medical applications of these bio-nanosensors, such as in the development of on-field rapid tests for the detection of pollutants and other food and water contaminants.
Femtosecond writing of depressed cladding waveguides in strongly cumulative regime

We proposed a novel approach for direct femtosecond inscription of waveguides. It consisted in formation of cladding with reduced refractive index in fused silica. Depressed cladding was based on peripheral regions of individually written neighbored tracks, which should be inscribed in strongly cumulative regime. It was shown, that due to shot time interval between femtosecond laser pulses and relatively slow thermal diffusion, the exposed focal region surrounds by significantly wide cladding with reduced refracted index. Based on proposed approach we demonstrated depressed cladding waveguide inscription in fused silica using emission directly from commercially available femtosecond oscillator without correcting optical systems and second harmonic generation. It was shown, that the new approach provides formation of easily adjustable single mode waveguides with desired mode field diameter. Such depressed cladding waveguides exploit both advantages of fused silica material and depressed cladding geometry. We also verified our suggestion by experiment and inscribed depressed cladding waveguides with two different mode field diameters at similar femtosecond pulse characteristics. The obtained structures provided low propagation losses and good coupling with Gaussian mode. The waveguides supported propagation of both polarizations with nearly identical characteristics. Obtained experimental results were in good agreement with numerical simulation.
Velocity and Turbulence Characteristics of Isothermal Lobed Mixer Flows

This work describes an experimental and computational study of flows in model multilobed mixers. Laser Velocimetry was used to obtain the velocity and turbulence fields in the downstream mixing duct. Flow development was quantified by examination of the large cross-plane velocities whose direction implied the formation of two streamwise vortices per lobe. A change from coplanar to scarfed geometry increased vortex strength by 25 percent. Vortex cell formation, roll-up and breakdown to fine scale mixing was attained within a distance of 5 lobe heights. The computational investigation of the coplanar configuration adopted a non-aligned mesh to solve the 3-D Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The calculations of the lobe and mixing duct flows were coupled to predict the complete mixer. Comparisons between measurements and calculations using a standard {kappa}-{epsilon} model suggested good qualitative agreement with maximum disagreement of about 20 percent in peak radial velocities.
Quantitative Determination of Preferred Orientation

Solutions are presented to the problems which usually prevent accurate x‐ray determinations of preferred orientation. The relationship between observed and corrected intensities and the angle dependent absorption factors are treated, including the case of displaced and distorted line profiles caused by low absorption in thick specimens. The absorption factors are derived experimentally from measurements of the scattered (Compton) background radiation without recourse to calculations or tables. Two simple methods, either by varying the wavelength λ or the order n of the x‐ray reflection, span the region of the pole figure in which data are unreliable or unobtainable if only one wavelength or order is used. Random samples are not required for normalizing the data to ``times random'' units. The intensity for a random sample can be calculated from the corrected data itself and the equation Ihkl=[[double integral operator]Ihkl(α,β) sinαdαdβ]/2π where (α,β) are the coordinates of a point on the usual polar net.
The use of hill‐climbing to construct orthogonal steiner triple systems

In a related article, Colbourn, Gibbons, Mathon, Mullin, and Rosa [7] have shown that a pair of orthogonal Steiner triple systems exists for all v ≡ 1, 3 (mod 6), v ≥ 7 and v ≠ 9. This result is based on the construction of a finite set of pairs of orthogonal Steiner triple systems followed by the application of recursive constructions to settle the remaining undecided cases. In this article we report on the computational aspects of that investigation, and in particular the remarkable success of the hill-climbing method. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Production of pulsed magnetic fields with a flat pulse top of 440 k0e and 1 msec duration

A capacitance discharge unit for the production of pulsed magnetic fields up to 440 k0e is described. The pulse formed by a passive network has a field plateau of approximately 1 msec duration for a half‐period of ∼ 3.5 msec and a field ripple of Δ H/H ≤ 1%. The unit occupies approximately 10 m2, the total weight is 600 kg. It can be produced at low cost.
Laser-Plasma Interactions

Preface, D.A. Jaroszynski, R. Bingham, and R.A. Cairns Laser-Driven Plasmas: A Gateway to High Energy Density Physics and a Test-Bed for Nonlinear Science, W.L. Kruer An Experimentalist's Perspective on Plasma Accelerators, C.E. Clayton Waveguides for High Intensity Laser Pulses, S. Hooker Harnessing Plasma Waves as Radiation Sources and Amplifiers, D.A. Jaroszynski, A. Reitsma, and B. Ersfeld High Intensity Laser-Plasma Interaction Experiments, K. Krushelnick Computational Challenges in Laser-Plasma Interactions, R. Fonseca Particle Acceleration in Plasmas, R. Bingham Laboratory Astrophysics Using High Energy Density Photon and Electron Beams, R. Bingham Acceleration of Photons and Quasi-Particles, J.T. Mendonca Relativistic Phenomena in Plasma Solitons, F. Pegoraro Interference Stabilization of Atoms in a Strong Laser Field, M.V. Fedorov Entanglement and Wave Packet Structures in Photoionization and Other Decay Processes of Bipartite Systems, M.V. Fedorov Intense Field Quantum Electrodynamics, N. Narozhny Fundamentals of ICF Hohlraums, M.D. Rosen Dense Plasma Physics-The Microphysics of Laser-Produced Plasmas, S.J. Rose Progress in Fast Ignition, P.A. Norreys Fusion Targets, D.C. Swift Direct-Drive Inertial Fusion: Basic Concepts and Ignition Target Designing, V.N. Goncharov Ablative Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability: Theory and Experimental Results, V.N. Goncharov Index
Analysis of Thermal Effects in a Cavitating Inducer Using Rayleigh Equation

A simple model based on the resolution of Rayleigh equation is used to analyze thermal effects in cavitation. Two different assumptions are considered for the modeling of heat transfer toward the liquid/vapor interface. One is based upon a convective type approach using a convection heat transfer coefficient or the equivalent Nusselt number. The other one is based upon the resolution of the heat diffusion equation in the liquid surrounding the bubble. This conductive-type approach requires one to specify the eddy thermal diffusivity or the equivalent Peclet number. Both models are applied to a cavitating inducer. The basic pressure distribution on the blades is determined from a potential flow computation in a two-dimensional cascade of flat plates. The sheet cavity, which develops from the leading edge, is approximated by the envelope of a hemispherical bubble traveling on the suction side of the blade. Cavity shape and temperature distribution predicted by both models are compared. The evolutions of cavity length with the cavitation number for cold water (without thermal effects) and for Refrigerant 114 at two different temperatures is compared to experimental data
Large displacement behavior of a rocking flexible structure under harmonic excitation

In this paper the nonlinear dynamic behavior of a rocking flexible structure subjected to harmonic excitation is investigated. The dynamic response of the structure is characterized by a sequence of full contact and rocking phases which may be halted by the overturning of the system. In the study, reference is made to a simple lumped mass model which, in the full contact phase, behaves as a linear single degree-of-freedom system. In the rocking phase the system exhibits two degrees of freedom and its response is evaluated with reference to large rigid rotations and small elastic deformations. New explicit and numerical results are presented as a function of structural and loading parameters. The complex dynamic behavior of the rocking flexible structure, subjected to harmonic excitation, is compared with the corresponding nonlinear dynamics of the rigid system with the aim of highlighting the limits of applicability of the rigid body assumption. Extensive numerical applications have been performed in order to evaluate the main features of the nonlinear response of the flexible model subjected to harmonic acceleration at the base.
Incremental Tensor Discriminant Analysis for Image Detection

In order to settle incremental learning and preserve the space information of images, this paper proposes an incremental tensor discriminant analysis for facial image detection. The proposed algorithm employs tensor representation to preserve the structure information and introduces the incremental learning to solve the on-line learning for new added samples. The experiments have shown that our method achieves better classification performance and reduces the computational cost effectively compared with other algorithms.
Some uses if cumulants in wavelet analysis

Cumulants are useful in studying nonlinear phenomena and in developing (approximate) statistical properties of quantities computed from random process data. Wavelet analysis is a powerful tool for the approximation and estimation of curves and surfaces. This work considers both wavelets and cumulants, developing some sampling properties of linear wavelet fits to a signal in the presence of additive stationary noise via the calculus of cumulants. Of some concern is the construction of approximate confidence bounds around a fit. Some extensions to spatial processes, irregularly observed processes and long memory processes are indicated.
Sparse Matrices in MATLAB: Design and Implementation

The matrix computation language and environment MATLAB is extended to include sparse matrix storage and operations. The only change to the outward appearance of the MATLAB language is a pair of commands to create full or sparse matrices. Nearly all the operations of MATLAB now apply equally to full or sparse matrices, without any explicit action by the user. The sparse data structure represents a matrix in space proportional to the number of nonzero entries, and most of the operations compute sparse results in time proportional to the number of arithmetic operations on nonzeros.
Scattering of pulsar radiation and electron density turbulence in the interstellar medium

We report measurements, using the Culgoora circular array at 80 and 160 MHz and the Parkes 64 m telescope at 410 MHz, of the pulse broadening due to interstellar scattering on 33 pulsars. These results are added to published data on 52 other pulsars in order to investigate the interstellar turbulence levels over 85 paths in the Galaxy. We find a significant relation between the turbulence level C~ and dispersion measure, heliocentric distance, galactocentric distance, galactic latitude and galactic longitude. Our results are consistent with a distribution of turbulence that peaks near the galactic centre and extends out to past the solar circle, with the scale height perpendicular to the plane at least equal to that of the pulsars. The magnitude of the fluctuations in electron density responsible for the scattering is not proportional to the average electron density, but increases much more rapidly than the latter as the galactic centre is approached. The apparent dependence of C~ on heliocentric distance is preferentially interpreted as due to the presence of a highly clumped distribution of turbulence along all lines of sight.
Absolute Calibration of Kodak Biomax-MS Film Response to X Rays in the 1.5- to 8-keV Energy Range

The absolute response of Kodak Biomax-MS film to x rays in the range from 1.5- to 8-keV has been measured using a laboratory electron-beam generated x-ray source. The measurements were taken at specific line energies by using Bragg diffraction to produce monochromatic beams of x rays. Multiple exposures were taken on Biomax MS film up to levels exceeding optical densities of 2 as measured by a microdensitometer. The absolute beam intensity for each exposure was measured with a Si(Li) detector. Additional response measurements were taken with Kodak direct exposure film (DEF) so as to compare the results of this technique to previously published calibrations. The Biomax-MS results have been fitted to a semiempirical mathematical model (Knauer et al., these proceedings). Users of the model can infer absolute fluences from observed exposure levels at either interpolated or extrapolated energies. To summarize the results: Biomax MS has comparable sensitivity to DEF film below 3keV but has reduced sensitivity a.
Random Walks on Lattices. II

Formulas are obtained for the mean first passage times (as well as their dispersion) in random walks from the origin to an arbitrary lattice point on a periodic space lattice with periodic boundary conditions. Generally this time is proportional to the number of lattice points.The number of distinct points visited after n steps on a k‐dimensional lattice (with k ≥ 3) when n is large is a1n + a2n½ + a3 + a4n−½ + …. The constants a1 − a4 have been obtained for walks on a simple cubic lattice when k = 3 and a1 and a2 are given for simple and face‐centered cubic lattices. Formulas have also been obtained for the number of points visited r times in n steps as well as the average number of times a given point has been visited.The probability F(c) that a walker on a one‐dimensional lattice returns to his starting point before being trapped on a lattice of trap concentration c is F(c) = 1 + [c/(1 − c)] log c.Most of the results in this paper have been derived by the method of Green's functions.
Spin-polarized transport in magnetic nanostructures

Two of the principal phenomena observed and exploited in the field of spintronics are giant magnetoresistance (GMR) and spin transfer torque (STT). With GMR, the resistance of a magnetic multilayer is affected by the relative orientation of its magnetic layers due to (electron) spin dependent scattering. For the STT effect, a spin-polarized electric current is used to alter the magnetic state of a ferromagnet. Together, GMR and STT are at the foundation of numerous technologies, and they hold promise for many more applications. To achieve the high current densities (~10 12 A/m 2 ) that are necessary to observe STT effects, point contacts – constricted electrical pathways (~1–100 nm in diameter) between conducting materials – are often used because of their small cross-sectional areas. In this sense, we have explored STT in bilayer magnetic vii nanopillars, where an electric current was used to induce precession of a ferromagnetic layer. This precessional state was detected as an increase in resistance of the device, akin to GMR. Temperature dependent measurements of the onset of precession shed light on the activation mechanism, but raised further questions about its detailed theory. Point contacts can also be used as local sources or detectors of electrons. In this context, we have observed transverse electron focusing (TEF) in a single crystal of bismuth. TEF is a k-selective technique for studying electron scattering from within materials. Using lithographically fabricated point contacts, we have studied the temperature dependence of the relaxation time for ballistic electrons from 4.2 to 100 K. These measurements indicated a transition between electronelectron dominated scattering at low temperatures and electron-phonon scattering as the Debye temperature was approached. We present preliminary work toward a TEF experiment to measure spin dependent scattering from a non-magnet/magnet interface. We also investigated spin wave propagation in thin, magnetic waveguide structures. At the boundary between the waveguide and continuous magnetic film, spin wave rays were found to radiate into the film, or to reflect and form standing waves in the waveguide. A circular defect in the waveguide was observed to cause diffraction of spin waves, generating an interference pattern of higher modes of oscillation.
A Monte Carlo study of adsorption of random copolymers on random surfaces

We study the adsorption problem of a random copolymer on a random surface in which a self-avoiding walk in three dimensions interacts with a plane defining a half-space to which the walk is confined. Each vertex of the walk is randomly labelled A with probability pp or B with probability 1 − pp, and only vertices labelled A are attracted to the surface plane. Each lattice site on the plane is also labelled either A with probability ps or B with probability 1 − ps, and only lattice sites labelled A interact with the walk. We study two variations of this model: in the first case the A-vertices of the walk interact only with the A-sites on the surface. In the second case the constraint of selective binding is removed; that is, any contact between the walk and the surface that involves an A-labelling, either from the surface or from the walk, is counted as a visit to the surface. The system is quenched in both cases, i.e. the labellings of the walk and of the surface are fixed as thermodynamic properties are computed. We present Monte Carlo simulation results which provide evidence for second-order transitions in both cases. We observe that in both cases the adsorption location depends on both ps and pp, the dilution of the interactive sites on the surface and the walk. We compare critical properties for the two cases and find that the adsorption location varies for different models while the crossover exponent is independent of the details of the models.
Three-dimensional observation of nanoscopic precipitates in an aluminum alloy by microtomography with Fresnel zone plate optics

Microtomography combined with hard x-ray imaging microscopy has been employed to observe nanoscopic features in a material, which has, to date, only been done by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Here, the authors show a characteristic microstructure in an aluminum alloy, such as a slant gap between growing precipitates that impinge on each other due to the presence of a solute-depleted zone. Such observation is not possible by conventional projection microtomography even using the highest resolution available. It would appear that the present technique has a unique potential to observe nanoscopic features inside materials that are several orders of magnitude thicker than TEM specimens.
An unbiased pilot survey for Galactic water masers

The Australia Telescope Compact Array has been used in a fast surveying mode to study the 22-GHz transition of water in two small sample regions of the southern Galactic plane. The observations allow an unbiased search for water masers, including any that may have no association with masers from other molecules (or indeed, no association with any other detectable celestial object). Positions with arcsecond accuracy were obtained from the original survey data for detected sources, and these were re-observed at an epoch more than two years later. Variability of the spectra between the epochs was considerable: our total of 32 masers comprises 24 detected at both epochs, two detected at only the first epoch and six detected at only the follow-up epoch. The success of our surveying mode shows it to be a practical strategy for the difficult task of extending unbiased water maser surveys to a large portion of the Galactic plane. Our results show quantitatively the effect of variability on the completeness of surveys conducted at a single epoch. Most of our maser detections are newdiscoveries. Only four had previously been detected (in searches towards interesting targets in the survey area). The high density of water masers from our unbiased survey supports earlier suggestions that they are the most populous maser species, and one of the most sensitive and reliable tracers of massive young stellar objects – newly forming massive young stars. The spectra of nine masers show high-velocity emission, and they show a striking preponderance of blueshifted high-velocity features. This is compatible with such blueshifts being a characteristic of populations dominated by masers at the earliest evolutionary stage of star formation, in some cases prior to the onset of methanol masers. Amongst the high-velocity emission sources there are two new examples where blueshifted high-velocity outflows dominate the total emission; these substantially increase the previously known meagre population of five such objects and suggest that they may be surprisingly abundant.
Rolling bearing fault diagnosis approach using probabilistic principal component analysis denoising and cyclic bispectrum

A new approach for bearing fault diagnosis is proposed based on probabilistic principal component analysis and cyclic bispectrum with optimal cycle frequency. Generally, there are two procedures to accomplish the bearings fault diagnosis. The first one is signal denoising using probabilistic principal component analysis, which transfers the original signal to a principal component model. This procedure can keep a useful component of the signal completely and increase the signal-to-noise ratio. The second employs cyclic bispectrum to extract fault frequency. Because the cyclic frequency is a vital parameter, the optical cyclic frequency is investigated and found to be equal to the bearing center frequency. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by numerical simulation and experimental investigation of a rolling bearing with an outer race fault. The authors’ analyses also indicate that the proposed method can be used for fault diagnosis of rolling bearings.
Transversely varying thickness modes in trapped energy resonators with shallow and beveled contours

The equation for transversely varying thickness modes in doubly rotated quartz resonators is applied in the analysis of contoured resonators with rectangular electrodes. The influence of both the contouring and the continuity conditions at the edges of the electrodes are included in the analysis. The steady‐state forced vibrations of contoured trapped energy resonators is treated and a lumped parameter representation of the admittance, which is valid in the vicinity of a resonance, is obtained. Calculated results are presented for a number of trapped energy resonators with shallow and beveled contours.