Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Provably Secure Construction of Certificate-Based Encryption from Certificateless Encryption

Certificate-based encryption (CBE) and certificateless encryption (CLE) are proposed to lessen the certificate management problem in a traditional public-key encryption setting. Although they are two different notions, CBE and CLE are closely related and possess several common features. The encryption in CBE and CLE does not require authenticity verification of the recipient's public key. The decryption in both notions requires two secrets that are generated by the third party and the public key owner, respectively. Recently a generic conversion from CLE to CBE was given, but unfortunately its security proof is flawed. This paper provides an elaborate security model of CBE, based on which a provably secure generic construction of CBE from CLE is proposed. A concrete instantiation is also presented to demonstrate the application of our generic construction.
CONTRASTING EXPERT ASSESSMENT OF PRIVACY WITH PERCEIVED PRIVACY: IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC POLICY

The increasing use of the Internet as medium for personal, business and government transactions has ignited the debate on standards and safeguards for protecting privacy of parties involved in the transaction. Since 1995, the government has taken an active role in the form of the Federal Trade Commission’s (FTC) involvement. An expert assessment of issues surrounding privacy on the Internet has helped the FTC to develop a set of five core principles to safeguard consumer’s privacy in online transactions. This research argues that while scientific assessment of privacy issues and the resulting recommendations may serve to allay liability concerns of vendors online, it has limited effects on consumer perceptions of privacy. We examine the factors that firms employ to ensure privacy such as alliances with trusted third parties, policy disclosures, etc. and find that while these factors do indeed affect a consumer’s perception of privacy, their role is significantly moderated by their understanding of technology and influenced by the online vendor’s reputation. Theories from risk management are used to argue that currently there exists a risk communication vacuum between expert assessment of privacy and consumer perceptions thereof. The implication of this work for public policy points toward the need for government and non-profit organizations to bridge this gap through public education initiatives.
Ocean acidification does not affect magnesium composition or dolomite formation in living crustose coralline algae, Porolithon onkodes in an experimental system

Abstract. There are concerns that Mg-calcite crustose coralline algae (CCA), which are key reef builders on coral reefs, will be most susceptible to increased rates of dissolution under higher pCO2 and ocean acidification. Due to the higher solubility of Mg-calcite, it has been hypothesised that magnesium concentrations in CCA Mg-calcite will decrease as the ocean acidifies, and that this decrease will make their skeletons more chemically stable. In addition to Mg-calcite, CCA Porolithon onkodes, the predominant encrusting species on tropical reefs, can have dolomite (Ca0.5Mg0.5CO3) infilling cell spaces which increases their stability. However, nothing is known about how bio-mineralised dolomite formation responds to higher pCO2. Using P. onkodes grown for 3 and 6 months in tank experiments, we aimed to determine (1) if mol % MgCO3 in new crust and new settlement was affected by increasing CO2 levels (365, 444, 676 and 904 μatm), (2) whether bio-mineralised dolomite formed within these time frames, and (3) if so, whether this was effected by CO2. Our results show that there was no significant effect of CO2 on mol % MgCO3 in any sample set, indicating an absence of a plastic response under a wide range of experimental conditions. Dolomite within the CCA cells formed within 3 months and dolomite abundance did not vary significantly with CO2 treatment. While evidence mounts that climate change will impact many sensitive coral and CCA species, the results from this study indicate that reef-building P. onkodes will continue to form stabilising dolomite infill under near-future acidification conditions, thereby retaining its higher resistance to dissolution.
Preliminary Investigation of a Novel Hybrid Radial and Axial Magnetic Circuit PMSM with Flux Weakening Capability

This paper presents a novel hybrid axial- and radial-magnetic circuit permanent magnet synchronous machine with flux weakening capability. The presented machine consists of a solid rotor and two stators, i.e. radial stator and axial stator. The PMs are radially buried in the solid rotor so that the flux flows into both radial and axial stator. The side face of the solid rotor is shaped by machining to form a sector ring as the axial magnetic poles. This paper describes the principle of the presented machine and designs a prototype machine. Then a 3-D FEM model is established for magnetic analysis. The flux of the axial winding and radial winding are calculated corresponding different d-and q-axis current. The results indicates that the presented machine exhibits higher power density and good capability for flux weakening thus can be a good candidate for PMSM with large scale of running speed.
Structural Changes Observed with Clinical Progression of Glaucoma

Assessing Glaucoma Progression Criteria used to define glaucoma progression usually rely on the worsening of functional and/or structural damage. However, as yet there are no universally accepted criteria for glaucoma progression. Suitable criteria to define progression may differ depending on the purpose of the study. As has been suggested in an editorial by Anderson et al., evaluating the course of a disease in an individual patient may be different from identifying small differences in the average course between two or more study groups. It is also different from ascertaining the safety of each individual enrolled in a clinical trial. Furthermore, with regard to clinical studies, the progression of one parameter may be more appropriate than others because studies may vary in purpose.
The histone H3K9 demethylase KDM3A promotes anoikis by transcriptionally activating pro-apoptotic genes BNIP3 and BNIP3L

Epithelial cells that lose attachment to the extracellular matrix undergo a specialized form of apoptosis called anoikis. Here, using large-scale RNA interference (RNAi) screening, we find that KDM3A, a histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) mono- and di-demethylase, plays a pivotal role in anoikis induction. In attached breast epithelial cells, KDM3A expression is maintained at low levels by integrin signaling. Following detachment, integrin signaling is decreased resulting in increased KDM3A expression. RNAi-mediated knockdown of KDM3A substantially reduces apoptosis following detachment and, conversely, ectopic expression of KDM3A induces cell death in attached cells. We find that KDM3A promotes anoikis through transcriptional activation of BNIP3 and BNIP3L, which encode pro-apoptotic proteins. Using mouse models of breast cancer metastasis we show that knockdown of Kdm3a enhances metastatic potential. Finally, we find defective KDM3A expression in human breast cancer cell lines and tumors. Collectively, our results reveal a novel transcriptional regulatory program that mediates anoikis. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.16844. 001
Ray Tracing on the Cell Processor

Over the last three decades, higher CPU performance has been achieved almost exclusively by raising the CPU's clock rate. Today, the resulting power consumption and heat dissipation threaten to end this trend, and CPU designers are looking for alternative ways of providing more compute power. In particular, they are looking towards three concepts: a streaming compute model, vector-like SIMD units, and multi-core architectures. One particular example of such an architecture is the cell broadband engine architecture (CBEA), a multi-core processor that offers a raw compute power of up to 200 GFlops per 3.2 GHz chip. The cell bears a huge potential for compute-intensive applications like ray tracing, but also requires addressing the challenges caused by this processor's unconventional architecture. In this paper, we describe an implementation of realtime ray tracing on a cell. Using a combination of low-level optimized kernel routines, a streaming software architecture, explicit caching, and a virtual software-hyperthreading approach to hide DMA latencies, we achieve for a single cell a pure ray tracing performance of nearly one order of magnitude over that achieved by a commodity CPU
A Flexible TD-SCDMA RF Signal Generator

TD-SCDMA has begin its commercial process in many cities of China,and equipment manufacturers are in dire need of the cheaper andsimpler test solutions. Hence this paper investigates the TD-SCDMAprotocol and then designs a novel \emph{radio frequency} (RF) signalgenerator (source) by combining the ADS software and theconventional RF generation hardware. The key of the proposed processis modeling \& realizing TD-SCDMA baseband signal corrupted bymultipath channel and \emph{additive white gaussian noise} (AWGN),and then controlling the hardware to generate the desired RFsignals. Compared with the specified signal generator developed byAgilent, Anritsu, etc., our RF signal source is cheaper, moreflexible and more convenient.
Chronic pelvic pain: how does noninvasive imaging compare with diagnostic laparoscopy?

Purpose of review Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) has an annual prevalence of 38/1000 in the UK, with coexisting pathologies often present. Diagnostic laparoscopy has long been the gold standard diagnostic test, but with up to 40% showing no abnormality, we explore the value of noninvasive imaging, such as pelvic ultrasound and MRI. Recent findings A literature review from inception until January 2015 of the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Excerpta Medica database, and System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe were performed to identify published studies assessing the usefulness of ultrasound, MRI, and laparoscopy in the diagnosis of CPP. Three studies (194 women) addressed their comparative performance in patients with endometriosis, showing the sensitivity of ultrasound ranged between 58 and 88.5%; MRI was 56–91.5% and in the one study using histology as its reference standard, the sensitivity of laparoscopy was 85.7%. Noninvasive imaging has the additional benefit of being well tolerated, safer, and cheaper than surgery. Summary CPP, by nature of its multifactorial causation, can be difficult to manage and often requires a multidisciplinary team. Ultrasound and MRI may provide information about the presence or lack of abnormality, which would allow general practitioners or office gynaecologists to initiate treatment and think about surgery as a second-line investigative tool.
Diversity and depth-specific distribution of SAR11 cluster rRNA genes from marine planktonic bacteria

Small-subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene clusters are phylogenetically related sets of SSU rRNA genes, commonly encountered in genes amplified from natural populations. Genetic variability in gene clusters could result from artifacts (polymerase error or PCR chimera formation), microevolution (variation among rrn copies within strains), or macroevolution (genetic divergence correlated with long-term evolutionary divergence). To better understand gene clusters this study assessed genetic diversity and distribution of a single environmental SSU rDNA gene cluster, the SAR11 cluster. SAR11 cluster genes, from an uncultured group of the alpha subclass of the class Proteobacteria, have been recovered from coastal and midoceanic waters of the North Atlantic and Pacific. We cloned and bidirectionally sequenced 23 new SAR11 cluster 16S rRNA genes, from 80 and 250 m in the Sargasso Sea and from surface coastal waters of the Atlantic and Pacific, and analyzed them with previously published sequences. Two SAR11 genes were obviously PCR chimeras, but the biological (nonchimeric) origins of most subgroups within the cluster were confirmed by independent recovery from separate gene libraries. Using group-specific oligonucleotide probes, we analyzed depth profiles of nucleic acids, targeting both amplified rDNAs and bulk RNAs. Two subgroups within the SAR11 cluster showed different highly depth-specific distributions. We conclude that some of the genetic diversity within the SAR11 gene cluster represents macroevolutionary divergence correlated with niche specialization. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utility for marine microbial ecology of oligonucleotide probes based on gene sequences amplified from natural populations and show that a detailed knowledge of sequence variability may be needed to effectively design these probes.
Volumetric segmentation of trabecular bone into rods and plates: a new method based on local shape classification

Bone micro architecture is believed to play a key role in determining bone quality. We propose a new method of segmentation based on local shape classification. Bones samples are thus described into their basic elements (rods and plates). On each bone voxel we calculate the inertia moment of a neighborhood obtained by local geodesic dilation in the bone volume. The dilated volume is obtained through a homothopic dilation using the Fast Marching algorithms. The size of the dilated volume is choosen from local aperture diameter in order to be scale independent. The bone cross-section is calculated using an optimized granulometry algorithm. The segmentation has been carried on a wide range of human trabecular bone with varied structure. Voxels are then classified according the ratio between the inertia moments of the dilated volumes.
Prevention of DoS and Memory Attacks: Enhanced 3-Way Handshake

In today’s world most organizations are moving from wireconnected LAN to wireless LAN. The phenomenal popularity of the 802.11 network standards stems from the fact that they provide for wireless connections with ease and convenience. Recently, security holes have been identified in the operation of 802.11 networks, and the 802.11i protocol has been announced to protect such networks. However, there are still security issues that prevent the 802.11 network from becoming the best choice protocol for wireless LANs. We reviewed 802.11i security with a focus on a denial of service attack. This attack exhausts the client’s memory using a vulnerability of the key derivation procedure in 802.11i. It is vulnerable to various Denial of Service attacks (DoS) which includes de-authentication and disassociation attacks including memory exhaustion attacks. For Dos and memory exhaustion attacks which are possible in 4-way handshake ,this paper provides an enhanced 3-way Handshake algorithm which is free from these attacks in comparison to original protocol and is more secure.
Right but basically wrong: comments on Canales et al. 'A critical assessment of the consciousness by synchrony hypothesis'.

The authors are right in holding the viewthat neural synchrony does not seem toprovide a solution for the ‘hard problem ofconsciousness’ (Chalmers 1996). They arealso right in that most of the evidencepresented for the role of neuralsynchronization in perceptual binding iscorrelative and not causal. They areessentially wrong in all their remainingpoints.It is true that neural synchrony does notsolve the hard problem, but then, nobodyhas proposed a solution for the hardproblem. It is not even clear that such aproblem exists or that a scientific solutioncan ever be given to the hard problem(Dennett 1991). Certainly it is premature tomake a definitive statement on this subjectat the present stage of research.By contrast, neural synchrony does seemto be at least part of the neural correlates ofconsciousness, which ask what are theminimal neural activities and structures thatare necessary and sufficient for a consciousact to take place (Crick & Koch, 1990). In arecent paper we have been able to showthat, long-range synchrony correlates withvisual awareness but local synchrony doesnot (Melloni et al. 2007). This result,suggests that synchronic activity inside arestricted cortical area remains unconsciousand that consciousness arises only when ‘allthe brain’ is informed via long-rangesynchronic interactions. It can behypothesized that this would be the basisfor the unified character of experientialconsciousness.The authors correctly point to thecorrelative nature of most of the evidencesupporting a role of neural synchrony bothin consciousness and in visual featurebinding. To our knowledge there is a singleexperiment showing the causal involvementof neural synchrony in an odordiscrimination task (Stopfer et al. 1997). However it must be stated that the sameholds true for all electrophysiology in allthe fields of neuroscience. From the studiesof Hubel and Wiesel on, essentially allelectrophysiology consists of manipulatingthe stimuli, recording the neural responseand proposing mechanisms based on thecorrelations found. The only alternativetheory for visual binding (the cardinal celltheory, Barlow 1972) is also mostly basedon correlative evidence with the onlyexception of a few works conducted byShadlen and collaborators (Huk & Shadlen2005)An argument is made against synchronyas a mechanism for consciousness becauseof the participation of synchrony in non-conscious (anesthetized) animals and inbrain areas not obviously related toperceptual consciousness (thehippocampus). Both arguments arelogically false. The fallacy is tantamount toclaiming that because
Role of renal alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

To identify a physiological role for renal alpha 2 adrenergic receptors, renal vascular and tubular responses to administration of graded frequencies of renal nerve stimulation or graded doses of adrenergic agonists were determined in anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive, Wistar-Kyoto, and Sprague-Dawley rats. Renal vasoconstrictor responses to renal nerve stimulation and alpha 1-adrenergic receptor agonists (norepinephrine, phenylephrine) were inhibited by an alpha 1-adrenergic receptor antagonist (prazosin) but not by an alpha 2-adrenergic receptor antagonist (rauwolscine). A semilog plot of renal vasoconstrictor responses a fraction of control renal blood flow versus agonist dose (in nanograms) was linear with the slope, k, taken as the fractional decrease in renal blood flow per nanogram. The alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonists (clonidine, guanabenz) produced minimal renal vasoconstrictor responses (fractional decrease in renal blood flow per nanogram: norepinephrine, 0.011; phenylephrine, 0.003; clonidine, 0.00087; guanabenz, 0.000037). The small renal vasoconstrictor responses to clonidine and guanabenz were more inhibited by rauwolscine than by prazosin. Low frequency renal nerve stimulation produced antidiuresis and antinatriuresis without decreasing glomerular filtration rate or renal blood flow. The antidiuretic and antinatriuretic responses were inhibited by prazosin but unaffected by rauwolscine. The magnitude of the renal vascular and tubular responses and their adrenergic receptor mediation were not different between spontaneously hypertensive, Wistar-Kyoto, and Sprague-Dawley rats. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Toward an Injectable Continuous Osmotic Glucose Sensor

Background: The growing pandemic of diabetes mellitus places a stringent social and economic burden on the society. A tight glycemic control circumvents the detrimental effects, but the prerogative is the development of new more effective tools capable of longterm tracking of blood glucose (BG) in vivo. Such discontinuous sensor technologies will benefit from an unprecedented marked potential as well as reducing the current life expectancy gap of eight years as part of a therapeutic regime. Method: A sensor technology based on osmotic pressure incorporates a reversible competitive affinity assay performing glucose-specific recognition. An absolute change in particles generates a pressure that is proportional to the glucose concentration. An integrated pressure transducer and components developed from the silicon micro- and nanofabrication industry translate this pressure into BG data. Results: An in vitro model based on a 3.6 × 8.7 mm large pill-shaped implant is equipped with a nanoporous membrane holding 4–6 nm large pores. The affinity assay offers a dynamic range of 36–720 mg/dl with a resolution of ±16 mg/dl. An integrated 1 × 1 mm2 large control chip samples the sensor signals for data processing and transmission back to the reader at a total power consumption of 76 μW. Conclusions: Current studies have demonstrated the design, layout, and performance of a prototype osmotic sensor in vitro using an affinity assay solution for up to four weeks. The small physical size conforms to an injectable device, forming the basis of a conceptual monitor that offers a tight glycemic control of BG.
Expression of a homeobox gene (SIX5) in borderline ovarian tumours

Aims—To assess the expression of SIX5 (a homeobox gene) mRNA in surface coelomic epithelium, endocervical epithelium, Fallopian tube epithelium, and benign, borderline, and malignant epithelial ovarian tumours. Methods—10 normal premenopausal ovaries, 10 normal Fallopian tubes, 10 normal cervices, 10 normal postmenopausal ovaries, 10 benign epithelial ovarian tumours, 10 malignant epithelial ovarian tumours, and 40 borderline epithelial ovarian tumours were studied retrospectively. The tissues had been fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin wax. The tumours had previously been typed into mucinous, serous, or mixed tumours and assigned to the borderline category according to the FIGO/WHO criteria. Expression was assessed by in situ binding of SIX5 specific sense and antisense riboprobes. Hybridisation of the riboprobes was detected using a standard immunohistochemical technique and the results correlated with expression in the normal epithelium of the endocervix, Fallopian tube, surface coelomic epithelium, and ovarian tumours. Results—Expression of SIX5 mRNA was demonstrated in normal Fallopian tube epithelium and normal endocervical epithelium. SIX5 mRNA was not detected in normal ovarian epithelial tissue at any of the times studied during the menstrual cycle. Expression of SIX5 was not shown in benign epithelial ovarian tumours or in any of the malignant epithelial ovarian tumours. In 31 of 37 borderline epithelial ovarian tumours (84%), SIX5 expression was found in the epithelial cells. Conclusions—SIX5 expression is present in the normal epithelium throughout most of the female reproductive tract, suggesting it may have a role in maintaining epithelial differentiation in these tissues. SIX5 expression appears to be restricted to borderline epithelial ovarian tumours and may be a marker of epithelial differentiation in these tumours; thus borderline ovarian tumours may not be part of a continuum of disease between benign and malignant epithelial ovarian tumours. Further investigation of expression of SIX5 may clarify the molecular processes that promote differentiation of the ovarian surface epithelium.