Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Una aproximación input-output al análisis de los procesos cetrípetos y centrifugos en Madrid y Barcelona

Las dinamicas de dispersion/concentracion de la actividad economica a lo largo del espacio se explican por la oposicion de fuerzas centripetas vs. centrifugas. La Economia Neoclasica senalo con precision las causas de los procesos centrifugos pero fue necesario esperar a la Nueva Geografia Economica para entender completamente la existencia y funcionamiento de las fuerzas centripetas. Estas dinamicas se producen tanto a escala internacional como nacional o local. Aplicadas al ambito local, resulta muy interesante comprender como la interaccion entre fuerzas centripetas y centrifugas configura la estructura urbana y determina los flujos de commuting. En este trabajo se propone la aplicacion de un modelo basado en la metodologia input-output al analisis de las interacciones centripetas y centrifugas en las areas metropolitanas de Madrid y Barcelona. La utilizacion de datos individuales del Censo de Poblacion y Viviendas del Instituto Nacional de Estadistica limita el estudio al periodo 1991-2001. A partir de los resultados obtenidos puede concluirse que ni en Madrid ni en Barcelona dominan los procesos centrifugos. Ambas areas metropolitanas responden a una estructura mono-centrica donde los flujos de commuting se dirigen hacia las capitales, aunque en el entorno metropolitano de Barcelona se observa una convivencia de areas residenciales con sub-centros de trabajo principalmente industriales.
Space weathering from Mercury to the asteroid belt

The variety of evidence bearing on the nature of space weathering is reviewed. The effects of space weathering include spectral darkening, reddening and subdued absorption bands, and the distinctive magnetic electron spin resonance caused by single-domain metallic iron particles. Ever since the Apollo missions, two paradigms have dominated the thinking of the planetary science community concerning space weathering: (1) the optical effects are caused by impact-vitrified glass in agglutinates, and (2) the submicroscopic metallic iron results from the reduction of ferrous iron by the impact melting of minerals whose surfaces have been saturated with hydrogen from the solar wind. However, studies carried out since the Apollo program showed that both of these paradigms are invalid. A hypothesis first suggested by the author and his colleagues 26 years ago, but not generally accepted at that time, now appears to be essentially correct: Both the optical and magnetic effects are caused by metallic iron particles smaller than the wavelength in ubiquitous vapor-deposited coatings on soil particle surfaces and inside agglutinates. The vapor is generated by both solar wind sputtering and micrometeorite impact vaporization and injected preferentially downward into the porous regolith. The iron is reduced by a physical process, the selective loss of oxygen that occurs during deposition of the vapor, and does not require heating, melting, or a reducing environment. A mathematical theory that describes the optical effects of the submicroscopic iron quantitatively is derived and applied to the regoliths of the Moon, Mercury and an S asteroid.
Use, Users, and Benefits of the West Branch of the Farmington River

Presented are results of a study of the use, users, and benefits of a designated Wild and Scenic river in west central Connecticut – the West Branch of the Farmington River. Specifically, we compared anglers and floaters on this relatively unique “partnership river. ” Findings indicated that while there were substantial differences between these two groups, there were striking similarities in terms of their motives for river use and the most important benefits they felt the river generates. The most important implication of this research for management partners and river policymakers is that protecting and conserving the West Branch’s natural, scenic, and recreational resources are the most critical contributors to the recreation experiences of users. Therefore (and consistent with the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act of 1968), conserving the quality of the river itself and river corridor resources should remain very high priorities. Other findings, results and implications are discussed.
First accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dates documenting contemporaneity of nonanalog species in late Pleistocene mammal communities

Worldwide late Pleistocene terrestrial mammal faunas are characterized by stratigraphic associations of species that now have exclusive geographic ranges. These have been interpreted as either taphonomically mixed or representative of communities that no longer exist. Accelerator mass spectrometry {sup 14}C dates (n = 60) on single bones of stratigraphically associated fossil micromammals from two American and two Russian sites document for the first time that currently allopatric mammals occurred together between 12,000 and 22,000 yr B.P. on two continents. The existence of mammal communities without modern analogs demonstrates that Northern Hemisphere biological communities are ephemeral and that many modern biomes are younger than 12 ka. Future climate change may result in new nonanalog communities.
Nutrition and the Decline in Mortality Since 1700: Some Preliminary Findings

This paper uses the data in the NBER/CPE pilot sample of genealogies to create a new time series on life expectation in the U.S. since 1720. After attaining remarkably high levels toward the end of the eighteenth century, life expectation as measured by e0(10) began a decline that lasted about 80 years before beginning the new rise with which we have long been familiar. Second, time series on the average adult stature of national populations in North America and Europe are used as a measure of nutritional status. The properties of this measure in the analysis of labor welfare and an explanation for the high correlation between stature and the Cini ratio are discussed.The time series on stature is strongly correlated with the series on e0(10) and other measures of mortality. Third, these correlations are used to estimate the contribution of improvements in nutritional status (not diet alone but diet net of prior claims) to the decline in mortality in Europe and America since 1800. Improvements in nutritional status may have accounted for as ifiuch as four tenths of the decline in mortality rates, but nearly all of this effect was concentrated in the reduction of infant mortality. The new findings are used to resolve several paradoxes and the implication of the findings for the standard-of-living controversy are considered.
Development of an Automatic Ice Fabric Analyser

An automatic ice fabric analyser has been developed which precisely determines both c- and a-axes of the individual grains in a thin polycrystalline ice specimen by the use of X-ray Laue method (eg Cullity 1956). The method of analysis is computer-aided indexing of the zone-axes in X-ray Laue patterns. Crystal orientations can be automatically determined by the analyser with an error of approximately 0. 6_. Time for analysing one specimen containing 100 grains is approximately three hours at present.
Large-Scale Runoff from Landmasses: A Global Assessment of the Closure of the Hydrological and Atmospheric Water Balances*

AbstractThe performance of hydrological and hydrometeorological water-balance-based methods to estimate monthly runoff is analyzed. Such an analysis also allows for the examination of the closure of water budgets at different spatial (continental and catchment) and temporal (monthly, seasonal, and annual) scales. For this analysis, different combinations of gridded observations [Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC), Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP), Climate Prediction Center (CPC), Climatic Research Unit (CRU), and University of Delaware (DEL)], atmospheric reanalysis models [Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim), Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), and Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA)], partially model-based datasets [Global Land Surface Evaporation: The Amsterdam Methodology (GLEAM), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Global Evapotranspiration Project (MOD16), and FLUXNET Multi-Tree Ensemble (FLUXNET MTE)], and G.
Etude de la biodégradation anaérobie des feuilles de Mangifera indica (manguier) et de Manihot utilissima (manioc)

The population growth of these last two decades leaded to an increase of waste in the City Province of Kinshasa (VPK), capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Deprived by an effective management system, the VPK produces essentially vegetal wastes that are constituted for the greater part of dead leaves. These wastes bother and pollute the environment. On another point of view, the Kinshasa households meet enormous difficulties for soil fertilization and to collect wood for energy. Its overexploitation of the wood entails the deterioration of the ecosystems and the public health. Therefore in order to contribute to the reduction of all these difficulties simultaneously, the aim of this thesis was to investigate the methanization of these wastes since this technique is relatively simple, fast and non expensive. So, the methanation was performed at 30°C on the leaves of Mangifera indica (MU, mango) and of Manihot utilissima (MI, cassava) that are the most accessible of the VPK. The biochemical methane potentials of the MU and MI leaves demonstrated that the MU leaves were favorable to the methanation due to their low content in bioactive substance (secondary metabolites) and their low C/N ratio. In addition, their digestates would be an effective fertilizing. By contrast, the MI leaves were unfavorable to the methanation since the methanogenesis was inhibited, probably because of their composition rich in carbon and secondary metabolites (lignine, polyphenols, saponines and anthraquinones). However, these metabolites would be beneficial for the methanation in lower contents than 0.3 g/l in the culture medium. The anaerobic co-digestion improved the daily methane yields of these two leaves. The biogas produced with this process would represent about 28 % of the wooden annual domestic consumption and its digestate would cover annually the all agricultural and forest degraded areas. So, the domestic methanation or on site or near the site of waste generation would be favored to avoid the cost of their transport and their industrial treatment. A promising pilot essay has been achieved.
Impact of biofuels production on land-use change and greenhouse gas emissions

Keywords: biofuels ; land-use change ; greenhouse gas emissions ; export potential These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 4974 (2012)Programme doctoral EnvironnementFaculte de l'environnement naturel, architectural et construitInstitut du developpement territorialGroupe Gnansounou Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-4974Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2012-02-09, modified on 2016-08-09
Marketing in the tourism industry : the promotion of destination regions

List of Tables, figures. Contributors. Preface. 1. How Tourists Choose Their Holidays: An Analytical Framework Brian Goodall 2. Changing Patterns and Structure of European Tourism Brian Goodall 3. The Development of Tourism in the Least Developed Countries Erlet Cater 4. The Role of Travel Agent and Tour Operator Maurice Buck. 5. The Role of the Tourist Board Stan Bowes 6. Planning of Tourist Routes: The Green Coast Road in the Northern Netherlands Jan R Bergsma 7. Recreational Developments in Gravel Workings: The Limburg Experience Henk Voogd 8. The Economic Effects on Destination Areas of Foreign Involvement in the Tourism Industry: A Spanish Application Thea Sinclair and Charles Sutcliffe 9. The Image of Destination Regions: Theoretical and Empirical Aspects Michael J Stabler 10. Marketing in the Historic City For Tourism Gregory Ashworth 11. Developments in the Promotion of Major Seaside Resorts: How to Effect a Transition By Really Making An Effort Bryan J H Brown 12. Tourism Development Planning in Languedoc: Le Mission Impossible? Gregory Ashworth and Michael J Stabler 13. Changing Tourism Requires a Different Management Approach Martinus J Kosters. 14. Tourist Images: Marketing Considerations Gregory Ashworth and Brian Goodall
SCN4B inhibits the progression of lung adenocarcinoma and is associated with better prognosis

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the major type of non‐small cell lung cancer with low a survival rate caused by metastasis. SCN4B encoding voltage‐gated sodium channel β subunit is regarded as a metastasis‐suppressor gene. We aim to explore how SCN4B influences the progression and prognosis of LUAD.
On ENSO Coastal Currents and Sea Levels

Abstract Sea-level measurements along the western coast of the Americas have shown that there is a strong signal at ENSO frequencies (approximately 2π/2 yr−1 to 2π/5 yr−1) that propagates poleward at about 40 to 90 cm s−1. This ENSO sea level signal must be associated with ENSO coastal currents, but because adequate interannual current time series are unavailable, the structure and strength of these currents are not known. Coastal ENSO currents must be fundamentally affected by bottom topography and bottom friction, but previous theory has not taken these effects into account. A near-boundary numerical model with realistic bottom friction, stratification, and shelf and slope topography was therefore constructed to study ENSO coastal flow. (i) At ENSO frequencies, previous results for models with no bottom topography and no bottom friction suggest that sea level should not propagate poleward. With realistic bottom friction and bottom topography coastal sea level propagates poleward at speeds similar to tho.
Adaptive techniques for extraction of pre-seismic parameters of Total Electron Content (TEC) at anomaly crest station

Total electron content (TEC) data, obtained from satellites, are used in the search for imprints for identifying the probability factor of an impending earthquake. Extraction of earthquake induced signature is done mainly from day-to-day variations in TEC peak (TECpeak.). The use of a single parameter such as TECpeak is not always enough to formulate such a pointer. The paper therefore focuses on the need to introduce other markers such as the shape of TEC profile and to utilize any modification in the profile shape caused by an impending earthquake to identify precursors. An automatic pattern matching approach for processing global positioning system (GPS) generated TEC records is introduced to achieve this aim and TEC profiles are passed through a template framed from the time series of quiet day data. The Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm is adopted to look for deviations in the entire TEC profile of days prior to the earthquake with respect to the template. Variation, if any, would be used as an index of earthquake induced signature. A few case studies using this algorithm are presented in the paper. Work is based on TEC data collected from the GPS receiver at Guwahati (26° 10′ N, 91° 45′ E), an equatorial anomaly crest station.
Density estimation and time trend analysis of large herbivores in Nagarhole, India

Density estimates for six large herbivore species were obtained through analysis of line transect data from Nagarhole National Park, south-western India, collected between 1989 and 2000. These species were Chital (Axis axis), Sambar (Cervus unicolor), Gaur (Bos gaurus), Wild Pig (Sus scrofa), Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) and Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus). Multiple Covariate Distance Sampling (MCDS) models were used to derive these density estimates. The distance histograms showed a relatively large spike at zero, which can lead to problems when fitting MCDS models. The effects of this spike were investigated and remedied by forward truncation. Density estimates from unmodified dataset were 10-15% higher than estimates from the forward truncated data, with this going up to 37% for Muntjac. These could possibly be over estimates. Empirical trend models were then fit to the density estimates. Overall trends were stable, though there were intra-habitat differences in trends for some species. The trends were similar both in cases where forward truncation was done as well as in those where they were not.
The relative importance of microclimate and land use to biodiversity

The extent of species' distributions, and their abundance within them, can be affected by many factors. At coarse resolutions and large spatial extents, climatic variables are often found to be important in determining the boundaries of species' ranges. However, several authors have postulated that variables such as land cover or species interactions are more important in determining where species will be found at finer resolutions within a landscape. Climatic variables are often not available at the fine resolutions necessary to test this hypothesis. In this study, I first show that topography is important in influencing the temperature that will be experienced at a particular location. Temperatures generally decrease with elevation (known as the lapse rate). However, extremes of temperature, such as absolute maxima and minima, can also be influenced by the angle and aspect of a slope. Whilst high resolution elevation data are occasionally included in climatic models of species' distributions, the effects of slope and aspect have so far been ignored. My second data chapter uses all three topographical variables (elevation, slope and aspect) to interpolate temperatures for three landscapes. These interpolated temperatures, along with land cover variables and an index of soil moisture, are included in exploratory analyses which suggest that microclimate is at least as important as land cover in determining spatial patterns of abundance for 20 species of ground beetle. Given this potential importance of microclimate in determining where species will be found at fine resolutions, I then show that different resolution data layers generate different predictions about the amount of a landscape that will remain suitable following climatic warming. Fine resolution layers predict a slower loss of thermally suitable habitat for a northerly-distributed species in a reserve located at its southern range margin. I therefore conclude that, in topographically diverse areas, where a wide range of temperature conditions can be encountered, climatic variables should be considered at spatial resolutions relevant to individuals of species whose distributions are modelled using the 'climate-envelope' approach rather than the coarse-resolution data that are currently used.
Concomitant Pheochromocytoma and Primary Aldosteronism: A Case Series and Literature Review

Abstract Context The detection and management of concomitant pheochromocytoma (PHEO) and primary aldosteronism (PA) is not well understood. Objective To investigate varying presentations and outcomes of cases with coexisting PHEO and PA to provide an approach to its diagnosis and management. Methods We conducted a retrospective case series of adult patients with concomitant PHEO and PA at Mayo Clinic from 2000-2020 and an additional review of cases before 2000 and from the medical literature. Clinical, biochemical, radiologic, and histologic parameters were measured. Results Fifteen patients (53% men, median age 53 years) were diagnosed with concomitant PHEO and PA. The majority presented with hypertension (13, 87%) and hypokalemia (13, 87%), and 6 (40%) presented with symptoms suggestive of catecholamine excess. All patients who underwent preoperative workup for catecholamine excess (14, 93%) were found to have biochemical levels above the upper limits of normal. Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) was performed in 9 patients (60%), where 5 (56%) were diagnosed with bilateral PA, and 4 (44%) with unilateral PA. Patients underwent either unilateral (12, 80%) or bilateral (3, 20%) adrenalectomy. Biochemical improvement or resolution of catecholamine excess was confirmed in all cases with documented measurements. Recurrence of PHEO was not observed. Six patients (40%) displayed persistent PA postoperatively. Conclusion Concomitant PHEO and PA is a rare but likely underreported condition. Hypertension with or without hypokalemia should prompt evaluation for PA, while any indeterminate adrenal mass should be assessed for PHEO. Coexisting disease warrants consideration of AVS to determine the laterality of PA to ensure appropriate management.
ITRAX: description and evaluation of a new multi-function X-ray core scanner

Abstract A new automated multi-function core scanning instrument, named ITRAX, has been developed that records optical, radiographic and elemental variations from sediment half cores up to 1.8 m long at a resolution as fine as 200 μm. An intense micro-X-ray beam focused through a flat capillary waveguide is used to irradiate samples to enable both X-radiography and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. Data are acquired incrementally by advancing a split core, via a programmable stepped motor drive, through the flat, rectangular-section X-ray beam. Traditional XRF determination of element composition in sediments provides high-quality data, but it takes a considerable time and normally consumes gram quantities of material that is often only available in limited quantities. The ITRAX core scanner non-destructively collects optical and X-radiographic images, and provides high-resolution elemental profiles that are invaluable for guiding sample selection for further (destructive) detailed sampling. This paper presents a description of the construction, characteristics and capabilities of the ITRAX system. High-resolution ITRAX data obtained from sediment cores are also presented and compared with results from traditional wavelength-dispersive XRF analysis at lower resolution. Finally, some recent technical developments linked to the second-generation ITRAX are presented.
Cloud Radiative Forcing in Pacific, African, and Atlantic Tropical Convective Regions

Abstract The high degree of cancellation between longwave (LW) and shortwave (SW) cloud radiative forcing (CRF) observed in the Pacific warm pool region has generally been assumed to be a property of all convective regions in the Tropics. Analysis of the (Earth Radiation Budget Experiment) ERBE-like data from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument on the Terra satellite reveals that a similar degree of cancellation occurs over the African convective region at monthly and longer time scales, but only in the area average. In the Atlantic intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), the degree of cancellation is lower, particularly during the summer months, where the area-average SW forcing typically exceeds the LW forcing by more than 20 W m−2. This behavior is similar to that found previously for the eastern Pacific ITCZ region, which is consistent with the similarity in dynamics between these two regions. Over Africa, substantial seasonal and spatial variations in net CRF occur, wit.
Fault sealing during deformation-band growth in porous sandstone

We present a simple geometric model for the evolution of fluid permeability during the sequential growth of deformation bands in an ideal elastic-brittle porous granular medium. The model is based on recent mechanical and microstuctural results from laboratory experiments on large (10 cm diameter) sandstone samples that reproduce field observation. The model assumes poroelastic compaction of the rock matrix in the prefailure stage, followed either by bulk shear-enhanced dilatancy or compaction in the postfailure stage, depending on confining pressure, and a constant-porosity shear zone that accumulates slip by sequentially increasing the number of discrete bands linearly with the inelastic strain. For large permeability contrasts between matrix and the deformation band, the model quantitatively explains the entire permeability cycle observed in bulk samples, including the apparent paradox of a negative correlation of bulk permeability with porosity during dilatant slip in the postfailure stage, as observed in recent laboratory tests.