Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Online Vertex-Weighted Bipartite Matching and Single-bid Budgeted Allocations

We study the following vertex-weighted online bipartite matching problem: G(U, V, E) is a bipartite graph. The vertices in U have weights and are known ahead of time, while the vertices in V arrive online in an arbitrary order and have to be matched upon arrival. The goal is to maximize the sum of weights of the matched vertices in U. When all the weights are equal, this reduces to the classic online bipartite matching problem for which Karp, Vazirani and Vazirani gave an optimal (1−1/e)-competitive algorithm in their seminal work [10]. Our main result is an optimal (1−1/e)-competitive randomized algorithm for general vertex weights. We use random perturbations of weights by appropriately chosen multiplicative factors. Our solution constitutes the first known generalization of the algorithm in [10] in this model and provides new insights into the role of randomization in online allocation problems. It also effectively solves the problem of online budgeted allocations [14] in the case when an agent makes the same bid for any desired item, even if the bid is comparable to his budget - complementing the results of [14, 3] which apply when the bids are much smaller than the budgets.
Multicenter, intra‐individual comparison of single dose gadobenate dimeglumine and double dose gadopentetate dimeglumine for MR angiography of the peripheral arteries (the Peripheral VALUE Study)

To prospectively compare single dose gadobenate dimeglumine with double dose gadopentetate dimeglumine for CE‐MRA in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) using an intra‐individual crossover study design in which all patients received both contrast agents in otherwise identical CE‐MRA examinations.
Mining Representative Subspace Clusters in High-dimensional Data

A major challenge in subspace clustering is that subspace clustering may generate an explosive number of clusters with high computational complexity, which severely restricts the usage of subspace clustering. The problem gets even worse with the increase of the data’s dimensionality. In this paper, we propose to mine the representative subspace clusters in high-dimensional data to alleviate the problem. Typically, subspace clusters can be clustered further into groups, and several representative clusters can be generated from each group. Unfortunately, when the size of the set of representative clusters is specified, the problem of finding the optimal set is NP-hard. To solve this problem efficiently, we present an approximate method PCoC. The greatest advantage of our method is that we only need a subset of subspace clusters as the input. Our performance study shows the effectiveness and efficiency of the method.
Raise the Curtains : The Effect of Transparency about Targeted Advertising on Attitudes and Behavioral Intentions ( Extended Abstract )

Behavioral advertising is defined as the practice of “tracking of a consumer’s online activities over time including the searches the consumer has conducted, the web pages visited, and the content viewed in order to deliver advertising targeted to the individual consumer’s interests” [5]. This practice, both in terms of data collection and use of collected data for targeting, is typically invisible to consumers. The collection of data goes unnoticed because it often occurs without informed consent, and even when consent is obtained, consumers are typically only asked for a one-time blanket assent when they register to an online service for the first time. After this initial consent, consumers are usually provided no reminder about the continuous practice of data collection. In addition, when ads are delivered, there is no simple way for consumers to distinguish targeted ads from non-targeted ads, or to figure out what information was used in the targeting process. Therefore, as far as consumers are concerned, behavioral targeting happens behind the scenes. This paper aims to investigate the effect of ”raising the curtains” by making individuals’ aware of targeting at the time when the targeted ad is delivered. In particular, we focus on the impact of heightened awareness of targeting on individuals’ attitudes towards the ad and their behavioral intentions towards the advertised product.
Approaches and Tools Used to Teach the Computer Input/Output Subsystem: A Survey

This paper surveys how the computer input/output (I/O) subsystem is taught in introductory undergraduate courses. It is important to study the educational process of the computer I/O subsystem because, in the curricula recommendations, it is considered a core topic in the area of knowledge of computer architecture and organization (CAO). It is also a basic knowledge to be acquired in order to work in areas such as human-computer interaction (HCI) or embedded systems. Examination questions, course syllabi, and textbooks were analyzed to identify which teaching approaches are being used. Individuals teaching the I/O subsystem could choose between the options explained here, according to their intended learning outcomes. In addition, a literature survey was conducted on the development and use of tools to improve student understanding of I/O and to make the topic less abstract and more attractive. A goal is to indicate to computing education researchers that the majority of the literature reports experiences in developing or using different resources or educational methodologies, but that these are not based on a theory of learning.
A fast algorithm for testing irreducibility of trinomials mod 2

The standard algorithm for testing irreducibility of a trinomial of degree r over GF(2) requires 2r + O(1) bits of memory and of order r2 bit-operations. We describe an algorithm which requires only 3r/2 + O(1) bits of memory and less bit-operations than the standard algorithm. Using the algorithm, we have found several new irreducible trinomials of high degree.If r is a Mersenne exponent (i.e. 2r - 1 is a Mersenne prime), then an irreducible trinomial of degree r is necessarily primitive and can be used to give a pseudo-random number generator with period at least 2r - 1. We give examples of primitive trinomials for r = 756839, 859433, and 3021377. The results for r = 859433 extend and correct some computations of Kumada et al [Mathematics of Computation 69 (2000), 811-814]. The two results for r = 3021377 are primitive trinomials of the highest known degree.
Project Development Analysis of the OSS Community Using ST Mining

The OSS (Open Source Software) phenomenon is a novel, widely growing approach to develop both applications and infrastructure software recently. The fast growth of the community increases the interests in OSS related research. Accurate prediction of the project success is one of the interesting studies in OSS research. We propose to use the ST (Spatial Temporal) data mining techniques to predict the project success in the OSS community. ST mining has been studied in Euclidean distance based spatial systems like GIS, but to date has only received little attention in non-Euclidean network structured evolving system like the OSS community. In this paper, we introduce novel methods to project the evolving OSS community in a spatio-temporal data set and related ST mining algorithms to process the data set. Using ST mining techniques we propose, we are able to get the prediction of project success in the OSS community. We also present a detailed analysis and experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of these techniques in a real OSS community – SourceForge.net. The results show that our techniques can predict the project success and they are also useful in other non-Euclidean spatial systems. Contact: Yongqin Gao Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN 46556 Tel: 1-574-631-7596 Fax: 1-574-631-9260 Email: ygao1@nd.edu
HIV DNA Subspecies Persist in both Activated and Resting Memory CD4+ T Cells during Antiretroviral Therapy

ABSTRACT The latent HIV reservoir is a major impediment to curing HIV infection. The contribution of CD4+ T cell activation status to the establishment and maintenance of the latent reservoir was investigated by enumerating viral DNA components in a cohort of 12 individuals commencing antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing raltegravir, an integrase inhibitor. Prior to ART, the levels of total HIV DNA were similar across HLA-DR+ and HLA-DR− (HLA-DR±) CD38± memory CD4+ T cell phenotypes; episomal two-long terminal repeat (2-LTR) HIV DNA levels were higher in resting (HLA-DR− CD38−) cells, and this phenotype exhibited a significantly higher ratio of 2-LTR to integrated HIV DNA (P = 0.002). After 1 year of ART, there were no significant differences across each of the memory phenotypes of any HIV DNA component. The decay dynamics of integrated HIV DNA were slow within each subset, and integrated HIV DNA in the resting HLA-DR− CD38− subset per mm3 of peripheral blood exhibited no significant decay (half-life of 25 years). Episomal 2-LTR HIV DNA decayed relative to integrated HIV DNA in resting cells with a half-life of 134 days. Surprisingly, from week 12 on, the decay rates of both total and episomal HIV DNA were lower in activated CD38+ cells. By weeks 24 and 52, HIV RNA levels in plasma were most significantly correlated with the numbers of resting cells containing integrated HIV DNA. On the other hand, total HIV DNA levels in all subsets were significantly correlated with the numbers of HLA-DR+ CD38− cells containing integrated HIV DNA. These results provide insights into the interrelatedness of cell activation and reservoir maintenance, with implications for the design of therapeutic strategies targeting HIV persistence. IMPORTANCE It is generally believed that HIV is not cleared by extensive antiretroviral therapy (ART) due to the difficulty in eradicating the latent reservoir in resting CD4+ T cells. New therapies that attempt to activate this reservoir so that immune or viral cytopathic mechanisms can remove those infected cells are currently being investigated. However, results obtained in this research indicate that activation, at least on some level, already occurs within this reservoir. Furthermore, we are the first to describe the dynamics of different HIV DNA species in resting and activated memory CD4+ T cell subsets that point to the role different levels of activation play in maintaining the HIV reservoir.
The Ventral Premammillary Nucleus Links Metabolic Cues and Reproduction

The amount of body fat and the energy balance are important factors that influence the timing of puberty and the normal reproductive function. Leptin is a key hormone that conveys to the central nervous system information about the individual energy reserve and modulates the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonad (HPG) axis. Recent findings suggest that the ventral premammillary nucleus (PMV) mediates the effects of leptin as a permissive factor for the onset of puberty and the coordinated secretion of luteinizing hormone during conditions of negative energy balance. In this review, we will summarize the existing literature about the potential role played by PMV neurons in the regulation of the HPG axis.
Estimation of reliability of predictions and model applicability domain evaluation in the analysis of acute toxicity (LD 50)

This study presents a new type of acute toxicity (LD 50) prediction that enables automated assessment of the reliability of predictions (which is synonymous with the assessment of the Model Applicability Domain as defined by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). Analysis involved nearly 75,000 compounds from six animal systems (acute rat toxicity after oral and intraperitoneal administration; acute mouse toxicity after oral, intraperitoneal, intravenous, and subcutaneous administration). Fragmental Partial Least Squares (PLS) with 100 bootstraps yielded baseline predictions that were automatically corrected for non-linear effects in local chemical spaces–a combination called Global, Adjusted Locally According to Similarity (GALAS) modelling methodology. Each prediction obtained in this manner is provided with a reliability index value that depends on both compound's similarity to the training set (that accounts for similar trends in LD 50 variations within multiple bootstraps) and consistency of experimental results with regard to the baseline model in the local chemical environment. The actual performance of the Reliability Index (RI) was proven by its good (and uniform) correlations with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) in all validation sets, thus providing quantitative assessment of the Model Applicability Domain. The obtained models can be used for compound screening in the early stages of drug development and prioritization for experimental in vitro testing or later in vivo animal acute toxicity studies.
Using Decision Tree Classifiers in Source Code Analysis to Recognize Algorithms: An Experiment with Sorting Algorithms

We discuss algorithm recognition (AR) and present a method for recognizing algorithms automatically from Java source code. The method consists of two phases. In the first phase, the recognizable algorithms are converted into the vectors of characteristics, which are computed based on static analysis of program code, including various statistics of language constructs and analysis of Roles of Variables in the target program. In the second phase, the algorithms are classified based on these vectors using the C4.5 decision tree classifier. We demonstrate the performance of the method by applying it to sorting algorithms. Using leave-one-out cross-validation technique, we have conducted an experimental evaluation of the classification performance showing that the average classification accuracy is 98.1% (the data set consisted of five different types of sorting algorithms). The results show the applicability and usefulness of roles of variables in AR, and illustrate that the C4.5 algorithm is a suitable decision tree classifier for our purpose. The limitations of the method are also discussed.
Affect Proxies and Ontological Change: A finance case study

Traditional sentiment analysis has been focusing on inference of the sentiment polarity using sentiment-bearing words. In this paper, we propose a new way of studying sentiment and capturing ontological changes in a domain specific context in the perspective of computational linguistics using affect proxies. We used Nexis service to create a domain specific corpus focusing on banking sectors. We then created an affect dictionary from three kinds of lexica: sentiment lexica as in the General Inquirer dictionary; news flow represented by domain entities such as financial regulators and banks; and what we call contested term lexica, which consists of terms whose semantic implication is inconsistent over time. Univariate and multivariate analysis techniques such as factor analysis are used to explore the relationships and underlying patterns among the three types of lexica. Analysis results suggest that citations of regulatory entities show strong correlation with negative sentiments in the banking context. Also, a factor analysis was conducted, which reveals several groups of variables in which the contested terms correlate with positive and negative sentiments.
Effects of deep brain stimulation on speech in patients with Parkinson’s disease and dystonia

Disorders affecting the basal ganglia can have a severe effect on speech motor control. The effect can vary depending on the pathophysiology of the basal ganglia disease but in general terms it can be classified as hypokinetic or hyperkinetic dysarthria. Despite the role of basal ganglia on speech, there is a marked discrepancy between the effect of medical and surgical treatments on limb and speech motor control. This is compounded by the complex nature of speech and communication in general, and the lack of animal models of speech motor control. The emergence of deep brain stimulation of basal ganglia structures gives us the opportunity to record systematically the effects on speech and attempt some assumptions on the role of basal ganglia on speech motor control. The aim of the present work was to examine the impact of bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) for Parkinson’s disease (PD) and globus pallidus internus (GPi-DBS) for dystonia on speech motor control. A consecutive series of PD and dystonia patients who underwent DBS was evaluated. Patients were studied in a prospective longitudinal manner with both clinical assessment of their speech intelligibility and acoustical analysis of their speech. The role of pre-operative clinical factors and electrical parameters of stimulation, mainly electrode positioning and voltage amplitude was systematically examined. In addition, for selected patients, tongue movements were studied using electropalatography. Aerodynamic aspects of speech were also studied. The impact of speech therapy was assessed in a subgroup of patients. The clinical evaluation of speech intelligibility one and three years post STN-DBS in PD patients showed a deterioration of speech, partly related to medially placed electrodes and high amplitude of stimulation. Pre-operative predictive factors included low speech intelligibility before surgery and longer disease duration. Articulation rather than voice was most frequently affected with a distinct dysarthria type emerging, mainly hyperkinetic-dystonic, rather than hypokinetic. Traditionally effective therapy for PD dysarthria had little to no benefit following STN-DBS. Speech following GPi-DBS for dystonia did not significantly change after one year of stimulation. A subgroup of patients showed hypokinetic features, mainly reduced voice volume and fast rate of speech more typical of Parkinsonian speech. Speech changes in both STN-DBS and GPi-DBS were apparent after six months of stimulation. This progressive deterioration of speech and the critical role of the electrical parameters of stimulation suggest a long-term effect of electrical stimulation of basal ganglia on speech motor control.
Prostaglandin endoperoxides. A new concept concerning the mode of action and release of prostaglandins.

Methods were developed for quantitative determination of the three major metabolites of arachidonic acid in human platelets, i.e., 12L-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), 12L-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT) and 8-(1-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl)-9,12L-dihydroxy-5,10-heptadecadienoic acid (PHD). Aggregation of washed platelets by thrombin was accompanied by release of 1163-2175 ng/ml of HETE, 1129-2430 ng/ml of HHT, and 998-2299 ng/ml of PHD. The amount of PGG(2) (prostaglandin G(2)) produced as calculated from the sum of the amounts of its metabolites (HHT and PHD) was 2477-5480 ng/ml. In contrast, the amounts of PGE(2) (prostaglandin E(2)) and PGF(2alpha) (prostaglandin F(2alpha)) released were approximately two orders of magnitude lower. In this system, the prostaglandins thus exert their biological action through the endoperoxides, which are almost exclusively metabolized to nonprostanoate structures and only to a small extent to the classical prostaglandins. Platelets from subjects given aspirin produced less than 5% of the above mentioned amounts of HHT and PHD, whereas the production of HETE was stimulated about 3-fold. This provides additional evidence for our earlier proposal [Hamberg, M. , Svensson, J., Wakabayashi, T. & Samuelsson, B. (1974) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 71, 345-349] that the anti-aggregating effect of aspirin is through inhibition of PGG(2) formation.
A novel approach for statistical and fuzzy association rule mining on quantitative data

This paper presents a method for deriving Association rules by using apriori algorithm, clustering and fuzzy set concepts. Association rules of quantitative data are presented with mean and standard deviation, and with fuzzy linguistic terms. A case study was done on the commodity data to demonstrate vitality of proposed method. The statistical and fuzzy Association rules, inferred from the commodity data set, are helpful for the business experts in exporting related commodities to a set of countries in a more effective way along with high profits.
A comb-like microstrip patch antenna with low cross polarization

In this paper, a simple method for reducing the cross polarization level of microstrip patch antenna is presented. The comb-like slots are utilized in the traditional microstrip patch antenna to improve the performance. With this method, the cross polarization level of patch antenna can be suppressed obviously, while the bandwidth will not be affected. The effectiveness of this method is verified by simulations.
Determinants of benzodiazepine use in a representative population of HIV-infected individuals: the role of HIV status disclosure (ANRS-EN12-VESPA study)

HIV infection may result in stressful situations such as disclosure to others and could be a mediator between seropositivity status and psychiatric illness, depression, or anxiety. Several results have shown that anxiolytic use (mainly benzodiazepines [BDZ]) is highly prevalent in HIV-infected individuals, but few studies have highlighted to what extent this use could be associated with HIV disclosure. A national cross-sectional survey representative of people living with HIV and AIDS in France enrolled 2932 individuals in 102 French HIV hospital departments. Face-to-face interviews and self-administered questions collected information about patients’ experience with HIV and HIV care, including use of psychotropic drugs, social support, stigma, and disclosure of HIV status. We identified factors associated with regular BDZ use (i.e., more than once a week) using a weighted logistic regression model. Regular BDZ use and anxiety symptoms were reported by 16% and 29% of the patients, respectively. After multiple adjustment for known correlates of BDZ use and anxiety symptoms, individuals who had disclosed their HIV status to relatives or friends were found to be more likely (OR [95% CI] = 1.78 [1.02–3.09]) to regularly use BDZ. These results show both to what extent disclosure to others continues to be a stressful step in the course of HIV infection and that disclosure is something that could be identified by BDZ use. They also highlight the need for appropriate case management and psychiatric care to help patients manage the consequences of disclosure.
Authentication on Untrusted Remote Hosts with Public-Key Sudo

Two common tools in Linux- and UNIX-based environments are SSH for secure communications and sudo for performing administrative tasks. These are independent programs with substantially different purposes, but they are often used in conjunction. In this paper, we describe a weakness in their interaction and present our solution, public-key sudo. Public-key sudo1 is an extension to the sudo authentication mechanism which allows for public key authentication using the SSH public key framework. We describe our implementation of a BSD SSH authentication module and the SSH modifications required to use this module.