Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Targeting Androgen Receptor Activation Function-1 with EPI to Overcome Resistance Mechanisms in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Purpose: Persistent androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional activity is clinically evident in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Therefore, AR remains as a viable therapeutic target for CRPC. All current hormonal therapies target the C-terminus ligand-binding domain (LBD) of AR. By using EPI to target AR activation function-1 (AF-1), in the N-terminal domain that is essential for AR transactivation, we evaluate the ability of EPI to overcome several clinically relevant AR-related mechanisms of resistance. Experimental Design: To study the effect of EPI on AR transcriptional activity against overexpressed coactivators, such as SRC1-3 and p300, luciferase reporter assays were performed using LNCaP cells. AR-negative COS-1 cells were employed for reporter assays to examine whether the length of polyglutamine tract affects inhibition by EPI. The effect of EPI on constitutively active AR splice variants was studied in LNCaP95 cells, which express AR-V7 variant. To evaluate the effect of EPI on the proliferation of LNCaP95 cells, we performed in vitro BrdUrd incorporation assay and in vivo studies using xenografts in mice. Results: EPI effectively overcame several molecular alterations underlying aberrant AR activity, including overexpressed coactivators, AR gain-of-function mutations, and constitutively active AR-V7. EPI inhibited AR transcriptional activity regardless of the length of polyglutamine tract. Importantly, EPI significantly inhibited the in vitro and in vivo proliferation of LNCaP95 prostate cancer cells, which are androgen independent and enzalutamide resistant. Conclusions: These findings support EPI as a promising therapeutic agent to treat CRPC, particularly against tumors driven by constitutively active AR splice variants that are resistant to LBD-targeting drugs. Clin Cancer Res; 22(17); 4466–77. ©2016 AACR. See related commentary by Sharp et al., p. 4280
COMPENSATORY WETLAND MITIGATION AND THE WATERSHED APPROACH: A REVIEW OF SELECTED LITERATURE

Background The national goal of “no net loss” of wetlands was first articulated in the 1988 National Wetland Policy Forum report (The Conservation Foundation 1988). For nearly two decades, federal, state, and local government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and citizens have embraced the goal of no net loss of wetlands. Most recently, President George W. Bush reaffirmed the goal of no net loss in his 2004 Earth Day speech.
Road Sign Recognition with Fuzzy Adaptive Pre-Processing Models

A road sign recognition system based on adaptive image pre-processing models using two fuzzy inference schemes has been proposed. The first fuzzy inference scheme is to check the changes of the light illumination and rich red color of a frame image by the checking areas. The other is to check the variance of vehicle's speed and angle of steering wheel to select an adaptive size and position of the detection area. The Adaboost classifier was employed to detect the road sign candidates from an image and the support vector machine technique was employed to recognize the content of the road sign candidates. The prohibitory and warning road traffic signs are the processing targets in this research. The detection rate in the detection phase is 97.42%. In the recognition phase, the recognition rate is 93.04%. The total accuracy rate of the system is 92.47%. For video sequences, the best accuracy rate is 90.54%, and the average accuracy rate is 80.17%. The average computing time is 51.86 milliseconds per frame. The proposed system can not only overcome low illumination and rich red color around the road sign problems but also offer high detection rates and high computing performance.
A Bandwidth-Efficient Broadcasting Protocol for Mobile Multi-hop Ad hoc Networks

This paper presents a new broadcasting protocol called Delayed Flooding with Cumulative Neighborhood (DFCN) designed for wireless ad hoc networks. DFCN enables bandwidth-efficient broadcasting in wide area network composed of large number of mobile devices. The protocol was validated trough simulation which proved its efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Comparison with other well known protocols has shown that the proposed protocol outperforms them in such terms as a number of emissions and redundant receptions.
Paillier's cryptosystem revisited

We re-examine Paillier's cryptosystem, and show that by choosing a particular discrete log base g, and by introducing an alternative decryption procedure, we can extend the scheme to allow an arbitrary exponent e instead of N. The use of low exponents substantially increases the efficiency of the scheme. The semantic security is now based on a new decisional assumption, namely the hardness of deciding whether an element is a "small" e-th residue modulo N2.We also show how to use Paillier's original cryptosystem to build a trapdoor commitment scheme. This new scheme is information-theoretically private, and computationally binding (this property holds under the assumption that the RSA function with exponent N is hard to invert). A novel property of this new commitment scheme is that most of the work can be done offline before knowing the message one wants to commit to. Once the message is known only two multiplications are required. This is the first trapdoor commitment scheme with this online-offline efficiency property which is also length-preserving.
Optimal transmitting diversity degree-of-freedom for statistical MIMO radar

Statistical multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar may improve the fluctuated target detection by utilizing the multiple separate transmitting and receiving elements. Nevertheless, the transmitting power of single element is reciprocal to the transmitting element number, and the ultimate detection performance of MIMO radar may be inversely deteriorated with the increase of the transmitting elements. In this letter, the optimal transmitting diversity DOF, i.e., the optimal separate transmitting elements, is defined based on the proposed likelihood ratio test (LRT) detectors. Furthermore, with the given false alarm probability and detection probability, the closed-form optimal DOF approximations are derived for the two sub-forms of statistical MIMO radar, i.e., distributed MIMO radar and multiple-input single-output (MISO) radar, respectively. It is shown that a small transmitting diversity DOF, as well as the small number of orthogonal transmitting waveforms, may be needed for optimizing the statistical MIMO radar spatial diversity performance. Finally, numerical experiments are also provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
A natural genetic polymorphism affects retroactive interference in Drosophila melanogaster

As environments change, animals update their internal representations of the external world. New information about the environment is learned and retained whereas outdated information is disregarded or forgotten. Retroactive interference (RI) occurs when the retrieval of previously learned information is less available owing to the acquisition of recently acquired information. Even though RI is thought to be a major cause of forgetting, its functional significance is still under debate. We find that natural allelic variants of the Drosophila melanogaster foraging gene known to affect rover and sitter behaviour differ in RI. More specifically, rovers who were previously shown to experience greater environmental heterogeneity while foraging display RI whereas sitters do not. Rover responses are biased towards more recent learning events. These results provide an ecological context to investigate the function of forgetting via RI and a suitable genetic model organism to address the evolutionary relevance of cognitive tasks.
High energy behavior of Wilson lines

We investigate the high energy behavior of the correlation functions of the open Wilson lines in non-commutative gauge theory. We obtain a very simple physical picture that they are bound to form a group of closed Wilson loops. We prove our claim in the weak coupling region by perturbative analysis. We emphasize the importance of respecting the cyclic symmetry of the straight Wilson lines to compute the correlation functions. The implications for stringy calculation of the correlators are also discussed.
Motorcycle Accident Risk Could Be Inflated by a Time to Arrival Illusion

Purpose. Drivers adopt smaller safety margins when pulling out in front of motorcycles compared with cars. This could partly account for why the most common motorcycle/car accident involves a car violating a motorcyclist’s right of way. One possible explanation is the size–arrival effect in which smaller objects are perceived to arrive later than larger objects. That is, drivers may estimate the time to arrival of motorcycles to be later than cars because motorcycles are smaller. Methods. We investigated arrival time judgments using a temporal occlusion paradigm. Drivers recruited from the student population (n = 28 and n = 33) saw video footage of oncoming vehicles and had to press a response button when they judged that vehicles would reach them. Results. In experiment 1, the time to arrival of motorcycles was estimated to be significantly later than larger vehicles (a car and a van) for different approach speeds and viewing times. In experiment 2, we investigated an alternative explanation to the size–arrival effect: that the smaller size of motorcycles places them below the threshold needed for observers to make an accurate time to arrival judgment using tau. We found that the motorcycle/car difference in arrival time estimates was maintained for very short occlusion durations when tau could be estimated for both motorcycles and cars. Conclusions. Results are consistent with the size–arrival effect and are inconsistent with the tau threshold explanation. Drivers estimate motorcycles will reach them later than cars across a range of conditions. This could have safety implications.
Mining Stack Exchange: Expertise is Evident From Earliest Interactions

Stack Exchange is a very popular Question & Answer internet community. Users can post questions on a wide variety of topics; other users provide answers, usually within minutes. Participants are not compensated for their services and anyone can freely gain value from the efforts of the users; Stack Exchange is therefore a gift economy. Users, however, do gain reputation points when other users “upvote” their questions and/or answers. Stack Exchange thus functions as a learning community with a strong reputation-seeking element that creates a valuable public good, viz., the QA indeed the data suggests that overall answer scores decrease, and that people’s tenure with the community is unrelated to the quality of their answers. Most interestingly, we show that answering skill, i.e. getting high average answer scores, which is different than reputation, is evident from the start and persists during one’s tenure with the community. Conversely, people providing low rated answers are likely to have done so from the start.
Exosome-associated Tau Is Secreted in Tauopathy Models and Is Selectively Phosphorylated in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Early Alzheimer Disease*

Background: Tau is secreted unconventionally, possibly explaining increased CSF phosphotau levels in early AD. Results: M1C cells secrete selectively phosphorylated, exosomal tau. These characteristics in early AD CSF tau suggest that CSF tau is secreted, not shed from dead neurons. Conclusion: Tau secretion occurs early and may explain lesion spreading in AD. Significance: Secretion biomarkers may become revolutionary prospective AD diagnostics. Recent demonstrations that the secretion, uptake, and interneuronal transfer of tau can be modulated by disease-associated tau modifications suggest that secretion may be an important element in tau-induced neurodegeneration. Here, we show that much of the tau secreted by M1C cells occurs via exosomal release, a widely characterized mechanism that mediates unconventional secretion of other aggregation-prone proteins (α-synuclein, prion protein, and β-amyloid) in neurodegenerative disease. Exosome-associated tau is also present in human CSF samples and is phosphorylated at Thr-181 (AT270), an established phosphotau biomarker for Alzheimer disease (AD), in both M1C cells and in CSF samples from patients with mild (Braak stage 3) AD. A preliminary analysis of proteins co-purified with tau in secreted exosomes identified several that are known to be involved in disease-associated tau misprocessing. Our results suggest that exosome-mediated secretion of phosphorylated tau may play a significant role in the abnormal processing of tau and in the genesis of elevated CSF tau in early AD.
A human-centered Virtual Factory

As the key of manufacturing systems, human factor becomes more and more important in design, planning and decision making stages. In this paper state-of-the-art Virtual Factory (VF) are described regarding the human oriented point of view. To address the two major research questions, this paper proposes a novel human-centered VF concept. Then, according to this concept, the experimental design is introduced and an implementation example of sound simulation is shown in a rebuilt factory model. In addition, to facilitate the planning process in manufacturing system, the simulation results are implemented in Virtual Reality (VR). To do this, a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) is used as experimental platform.
Evaluation of a self-organization scheme with topology control in mesh networks

Mesh networks with an autonomous channel assignment can be used as a viable cost-effective alternative for a last mile broadband access. The channel assignment algorithm in mesh networks should be capable of reducing the overall interference in it. In this paper we have: (i) summarized the usefulness of our algorithm by drawing a comparison between the key features of our self-organization scheme with those of other significant schemes in literature, (ii) proposed a process for initiating the topology of self-organized mesh networks (iii) evaluated the impact of the initialization process on the performance of the self-organization algorithm for realistic scenarios with different mesh node densities and topologies.
Linear-nonlinear approach to the analytical solution of a diode-loaded short dipole for complex signals

A diode detector consisting of a zero-bias Schottky diode connected to an electrically short dipole is a configuration commonly encountered in electric field measurement applications, e.g. wideband electric field probes. This circuit is described analytically by nonlinear differential equations, due to a nonlinear diode resistance. This problem is solved here using a novel linear-nonlinear analytical approach. It is based on the idea of keeping only the necessary nonlinearity of the circuit, while conveniently linearizing some steps of the procedure. Combining linear and nonlinear steps, the transfer function of a diode-loaded electrically short dipole is solved by a completely analytical, fairly simple procedure. This approach is applied separately to small signals and large signals, and to sine input signal and a complex signal with an arbitrary waveform. The obtained solutions describe the behavior of the electric field probe in various working conditions
High-Resolution High-Power Quasi-Optical Free-Space Spectrometer for Dielectric and Magnetic Measurements in Millimeter Waves

This paper presents a high-resolution high-power free-space dielectric and magnetic measurement technique for evaluating the complex dielectric permittivity and complex magnetic permeability of solid materials in millimeter waves at room temperature. This method enables us to obtain broad-band high-resolution transmittance spectra using a quasi-optical free-space spectrometer equipped with an extended V-band (40-90 GHz) backward-wave oscillator as a high-power tunable source of coherent radiation. Due to the sufficiently strong energy throughput in the transmission and a very fine frequency sweep step of the measurement, this instrumentation is superior in obtaining reliable complex permittivity and complex permeability of absorbing dielectrics and ferrites with great stability and reproducibility over a much broader millimeter-wave frequency range. Simultaneous determination of dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability can be achieved from a single set of measurements. Measurement results are reported for a variety of dielectrics and ferrites and compared with previously published data.
Bridging Cancer Biology with the Clinic: Relative Expression of a GRHL2-Mediated Gene-Set Pair Predicts Breast Cancer Metastasis

Identification and characterization of crucial gene target(s) that will allow focused therapeutics development remains a challenge. We have interrogated the putative therapeutic targets associated with the transcription factor Grainy head-like 2 (GRHL2), a critical epithelial regulatory factor. We demonstrate the possibility to define the molecular functions of critical genes in terms of their personalized expression profiles, allowing appropriate functional conclusions to be derived. A novel methodology, relative expression analysis with gene-set pairs (RXA-GSP), is designed to explore the potential clinical utility of cancer-biology discovery. Observing that Grhl2-overexpression leads to increased metastatic potential in vitro, we established a model assuming Grhl2-induced or -inhibited genes confer poor or favorable prognosis respectively for cancer metastasis. Training on public gene expression profiles of 995 breast cancer patients, this method prioritized one gene-set pair (GRHL2, CDH2, FN1, CITED2, MKI67 versus CTNNB1 and CTNNA3) from all 2717 possible gene-set pairs (GSPs). The identified GSP significantly dichotomized 295 independent patients for metastasis-free survival (log-rank tested p = 0.002; severe empirical p = 0.035). It also showed evidence of clinical prognostication in another independent 388 patients collected from three studies (log-rank tested p = 3.3e–6). This GSP is independent of most traditional prognostic indicators, and is only significantly associated with the histological grade of breast cancer (p = 0.0017), a GRHL2-associated clinical character (p = 6.8e–6, Spearman correlation), suggesting that this GSP is reflective of GRHL2-mediated events. Furthermore, a literature review indicates the therapeutic potential of the identified genes. This research demonstrates a novel strategy to integrate both biological experiments and clinical gene expression profiles for extracting and elucidating the genomic impact of a novel factor, GRHL2, and its associated gene-sets on the breast cancer prognosis. Importantly, the RXA-GSP method helps to individualize breast cancer treatment. It also has the potential to contribute considerably to basic biological investigation, clinical tools, and potential therapeutic targets.
Reconsidering the Identification of M101 Hypernova Remnant Candidates

Using a deep Chandra AO-1 observation of the face-on spiral galaxy M101, we examine three of five previously optically identified X-ray sources that are spatially correlated with optical supernova remnants (MF 54, MF 57, and MF 83). The X-ray fluxes from these objects, if due to diffuse emission from the remnants, are bright enough to require a new class of objects, with the possible attribution by Wang to diffuse emission from hypernova remnants. Of the three, MF 83 was considered the most likely candidate for such an object because of its size, nature, and close positional coincidence. However, we find that MF 83 is clearly ruled out as a hypernova remnant by both its temporal variability and spectrum. The bright X-ray sources previously associated with MF 54 and MF 57 are seen by Chandra to be clearly offset from the optical positions of the supernova remnants by several arcseconds, confirming a result suggested by the previous work. MF 54 does have a faint X-ray counterpart, however, with a luminosity and temperature consistent with a normal supernova remnant of its size. The most likely classifications of the sources are as X-ray binaries. Although counting statistics are limited, over the 0.3–5.0 keV spectral band the data are well fitted by simple absorbed power laws with luminosities in the 1038–1039 ergs s-1 range. The power-law indices are softer than those of Milky Way low-mass X-ray binaries of similar luminosities and are more consistent with those of the Large Magellanic Cloud. Both the high luminosity and the soft spectral shape favor these being accreting black hole binaries in high soft states.
Ontology Materialization by Abstraction Refinement in Horn SHOIF

Abstraction refinement is a recently introduced technique using which reasoning over large ABoxes is reduced to reasoning over small abstract ABoxes. Although the approach is sound for any classical Description Logic such as SROIQ, it is complete only for Horn ALCHOI. In this paper, we propose an extension of this method that is now complete for Horn SHOIF and also handles role- and equality-materialization. To show completeness, we use a tailored set of materialization rules that loosely decouple the ABox from the TBox. An empirical evaluation demonstrates that, despite the new features, the abstractions are still significantly smaller than the original ontologies and the materialization can be computed efficiently.
ADAM: Run-time agent-based distributed application mapping for on-chip communication

Design-time decisions can often only cover certain scenarios and fail in efficiency when hard-to-predict system scenarios occur. This drives the development of run-time adaptive systems. To the best of our knowledge, we are presenting the first scheme for a runtime application mapping in a distributed manner using agents targeting for adaptive NoC-based heterogeneous multi-processor systems. Our approach reduces the overall traffic produced to collect the current state of the system (monitoring-traffic), needed for runtime mapping, compared to a centralized mapping scheme. In our experiment, we obtain 10.7 times lower monitoring traffic compared to the centralized mapping scheme proposed in [8] for a 64 times 64 NoC. Our proposed scheme also requires less execution cycles compared to a non-clustered centralized approach. We achieve on an average 7.1 times lower computational effort for the mapping algorithm compared to the simple nearest-neighbor (NN) heuristics proposed in (E. Carvalho et al., 2007) in a 64 times 32 NoC. We demonstrate the advantage of our scheme by means of a robot application and a set of multimedia applications and compare it to the state-of-the-art run-time mapping schemes proposed in ((E. Carvalho et al., 2007), (C.-L. Chou and R. Marculescu, 2007),(L. Smit et al., 2004)).
Visualization of Mandarin articulation by using a physiological articulatory model

It is difficult for language learners to produce unfamiliar speech sounds accurately because they may not manipulate articulatory movements precisely by auditory feedback alone. Visual feedback can help identify the errors and promote the learning progress, especially in language learning and speech rehabilitation fields. In this paper, we propose a visualization method for Mandarin phoneme pronunciation using a three-dimensional (3D) articulatory physiological model driven by Chinese Electromagnetic Articulographic (EMA) data. A mapping from EMA data to physiological articulatory model was constructed using three points on the mid-sagittal plane of the tongue. To do so, we analyzed configurations of 30 Chinese phonemes based on an EMA database. At the same time, we designed nearly 150,000 muscle activation patterns and applied them to the physiological model to generate model-based articulatory movements. As the result, we developed a visualized articulation system with 2.5 dimensional and 3D views respectively. The mapping was evaluated using MRI data. It is found that the mean deviation was about 0.21cm for seven vowels.