Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laser stabilization at the millihertz level

The main task of this paper is to identify a number of physical problems that must be successfully addressed to achieve stabilized laser linewidths well below 1 Hz. After presentation of the basic stability characteristics of available laser sources, we show that if any of these lasers were optimally locked to a high-finesse Fabry–Perot cavity it would be theoretically possible to obtain a laser linewidth in the millihertz domain. Problems of optical feedback, modulation waveform errors, mechanical support and isolation of the reference cavity, thermal stabilization of the environment, etc. are considered, and interim solutions are discussed. Experimentally, locking accuracy to successive cavity orders of <2 × 10−5 linewidths (±1.5 Hz) was achieved; mirror birefringence pulled the lock point approximately 10-fold more. Relative phase coherence between two independent lasers locked onto adjacent cavity orders was preserved for 8 sec, corresponding to a linewidth of each optical source of ∼50 mHz.
Rotational excitation of CO by collisions with He, H, and H2 under conditions in interstellar clouds

Cross sections for rotational excitation of small molecules by low-energy collisions with helium and hydrogen can currently be obtained via accurate numerical solution of the quantum equations that describe both intermolecular forces and collision dynamics. The relevant methods are discussed in some detail and applied to compute excitation rates for carbon monoxide. These calculations also predict collision-induced spectral pressure broadening constants which are in excellent agreement with available experimental data. (AIP)
Long-Term Changes in Adipose Tissue in the Newly Formed Bone Induced by Recombinant Human BMP-2 In Vivo

Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) induces osteogenesis and adipogenesis in bone scaffolds. We evaluated rhBMP-2-induced long-term changes in adipose tissue in the newly formed bone in different scaffolds forms. Bovine bone particles and blocks were grafted along with rhBMP-2 in the subperiosteal space of a rat calvarial bone, and the formation of new bone and adipose tissue were evaluated at 6 and 16 weeks after the surgery. The bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular thickness (TbTh) of the 16w particle group were significantly higher than those of the 6w particle group (p = 0.018 and 0.012, respectively). The BMD and TbTh gradually increased in the particle group from weeks 6 to 16. The average adipose tissue volume (ATV) of the 6w particle group was higher than that of the 16w particle group, although the difference was not significant (p > 0.05), and it decreased gradually. There were no significant changes in the bone volume (BV) and BMD between the 6w and 16w block groups. Histological analysis revealed favorable new bone regeneration in all groups. Adipose tissue was formed between the bone particles and at the center in the particle and block groups, respectively. The adipose tissue space decreased, and the proportion of new bone increased in the 16w particle group compared to that in the 6w group. To summarize, in the particle group, the adipose tissue decreased in a time-dependent manner, BMD and TbTh increased, and new bone formation increased from 6 to 16 weeks. These results suggest that rhBMP-2 effectively induces new bone formation in the long term in particle bone scaffolds.
EFFECT OF KEYFRAMES EXTRACTION FROM THERMAL INFRARED VIDEO STREAM TO GENERATE DENSE POINT CLOUD OF THE BUILDING'S FACADE

Abstract. Keyframes extraction is required and effective for the 3D reconstruction of objects from a thermal video sequence to increase geometric accuracy, reduce the volume of aerial triangulation calculations, and generate the dense point cloud. The primary goal and focus of this paper are to assess the effect of keyframes extraction from the thermal infrared video sequence on the geometric accuracy of the dense point cloud generated. The method of keyframes extraction of thermal infrared video presented in this paper consists of three basic steps. (A) The ability to identify and remove blur frames from non-blur frames in a sequence of recorded frames. (B) The ability to apply the standard baseline condition between sequence frames to establish the overlap condition and prevent the creation of degeneracy conditions. (C) Evaluating degeneracy conditions and keyframes extraction using Geometric Robust Information Criteria (GRIC). The performance evaluation criteria for keyframes extraction in the generation of the thermal infrared dense point cloud in this paper are to assess the increase in density of the generated three-dimensional point cloud and reduce reprojection error. Based on the results and assessments presented in this paper, using keyframes increases the density of the thermal infrared dense point cloud by about 0.03% to 0.10% of points per square meter. It reduces the reprojection error by about 0.005% of pixels (2 times).
An extension of Mercer’s theorem

Some of the known generalisations [4, 7, 8, 9] replace oa by other kinds of summation means. We propose to show that Oa may be replaced by the means of any regular Toeplitz method of summation; and even by those of any convergence-preserving method (if the limits (1+q)s and s are left unspecified). Some reduction in the domain of values of q is not unexpected. No other restriction is required, however, than that Sn should be bounded; and this is, in the generality of Toeplitz methods, necessary for the existence of the means. Mercer's theorem takes the form "summability implies convergence" (without Tauberian condition) when expressed in terms of the summation means rn= (sn+qun)/(A +q); this is the character of the very general "Mercerian" theorems of Pitt [8]. They refer to certain integral means, and to Hausdorff means not usually restricted to have the form of rn; so our theorem may not be closely related to them. Agnew [6] gave three theorems of the same type, referring to Toeplitz means. We show that two of these together compose exactly a special case of our Corollary 1 on positive regular summation matrices, apart from our hypothesis of boundedness which Agnew shows to be unnecessary in his more special context. His other theorem of this kind is slightly more general, but only in that it permits the matrix to differ negligibly from one which is positive; it is included in our Corollary 2. Our restrictions on q may perhaps be heavier than necessary, at any rate in the contexts of particular methods of summation. For instance, Hardy [2] showed that Mercer's original theorem with arithmetic means a-n holds throughout the half-plane '(q > -1 (and nowhere
Interferometric measurements of the 6300 A Doppler temperature during a magnetic storm

The 6300 A Dopplar broadened emission line of atomic oxygen [O(¹D) — O(³P)] was measured with a 6-inch, high resolution Fabry-Perot interferometer during the magnetic storm period of October 30 to November 2, 1968. The Doppler temperatures thus obtained give a realistic indication of the storm-time variation of the exospheric temperature. The measured temperature variation is in general agreement with the model predictions, although the amplitude and phase of the Doppler temperature variation indicate that the exospheric temperature responds more rapidly than the drag results indicate.
Design of Reset Control Systems: The PI + CI Compensator

Reset compensation has been used to overcome limitations of LTI compensation. In this work, a new reset compensator, referred to as PI+CI, is introduced. It basically consists of adding a Clegg integrator to a PI compensator, with the goal of improving the closed loop response by using the nonlinear characteristic of this element. It turns out that by resetting a percentage of the integral term in a PI compensator, a significant improvement can be obtained over a well-tuned PI compensator in some relevant practical cases, such as systems with dominant lag and integrating systems. The work is devoted to the development of PI+CI tuning rules for basic dynamic systems in a wide range of applications, including first and higher order plus dead time systems.
Fusing in vivo and ex vivo NMR sources of information for brain tumor classification

In this study we classify short echo-time brain magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data by applying a model-based canonical correlation analyses algorithm and by using, as prior knowledge, multimodal sources of information coming from high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS), MRSI and magnetic resonance imaging. The potential and limitations of fusing in vivo and ex vivo nuclear magnetic resonance sources to detect brain tumors is investigated. We present various modalities for multimodal data fusion, study the effect and the impact of using multimodal information for classifying MRSI brain glial tumors data and analyze which parameters influence the classification results by means of extensive simulation and in vivo studies. Special attention is drawn to the possibility of considering HR-MAS data as a complementary dataset when dealing with a lack of MRSI data needed to build a classifier. Results show that HR-MAS information can have added value in the process of classifying MRSI data.
Evaluating Goodness of Fit of Poisson Regression Models in Cohort Studies

Abstract Relative and absolute risk models are often used in epidemiologic studies to describe the effect of exposure on age-specific mortality rates. Poisson regression analysis is used to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of unknown parameters and to assess goodness of fit of the models. It is common practice to base both estimation and the evaluation of goodness of fit on certain marginal totals. This approach is potentially misleading for relative risk models and is totally inappropriate for absolute risk models. To illustrate the situation, we present an example using data on smoking and lung cancer. In the example, the goodness-of-fit tests based on the marginal totals indicate that neither the absolute risk nor the relative risk model can be rejected, whereas the age-specific test statistics strongly reject both models. The validity of the marginal test is based on an assumption (i.e., of no exposure by age interaction) that is not satisfied in the example. We describe a more general approach to .
Surface Water Changes and Water Depletion of Lake Hamrin, Eastern Iraq, Using Sentinel-2 Images and Geographic Information Systems

Iraq’s lakes and rivers are currently exposed to drought because of climatic and political conditions. This study uses satellite images and geographic information systems to display the water depletion and the change in the surface water area of Hamrin Lake. Sentinel-2 imagery of 2018 and 2022 was used to analyze the surface water area changes and water depletion. A comparison was made by studying the changes that happened between 2018 and 2022 respectively. Moreover, a supervised classification technique was implemented using the Support Vector Machine algorithm (SVM). Besides the shrinkage of Hamrin Lake was determined based on 2017 to 2022 Sentinel-2 images and the Normal Difference Water Index (NDWI). Findings showed an extreme change occurred in the surface water area of the lake, which had decreased by 73% in study years and changed to land in 2022. Based on the resultant maps clear alteration is notable in the shape of the lake from north to southeast where the maximum retraction occurred. The surface water area was 144 km2 in 2018 which decreased to 39 km2 in 2022 and was concentrated in the western part of the lake. Besides, the lake's capacity has become 234 million cubic meters, and the amount of water in it is very little while its capacity is more than two billion cubic meters. This sharp drop in the water level in the lake indicates that what is flowing to the lake is less than what is released from it, especially due to the lack of rain. In addition to the drought, the neighboring countries have taken measures to change courses, cut off some rivers, and build dams, all of which are additional influential factors that impose quick intervention and action to prevent the lake from drying out completely.
Resistance to pyrethroids in Anopheles gambiae s.l. from the Kilombero Valley, Tanzania: synergists, oxidases and susceptibility to malaria parasites (Plasmodium falciparum)

Vector resistance to insecticides, particularly pyrethroids, is an impediment to malaria control. However, the effects of metabolic insecticide resistance mechanisms on Plasmodium falciparum infection in mosquitoes remain poorly understood. We used the synergist, piperonyl butoxide (PBO) to demonstrate a major role for oxidases in pyrethroid‐resistant, blood fed, wild‐caught An. gambiae s.l. , from the Kilombero valley, Tanzania and further investigated the relationship between CYP4G16 expression (one of the two genes overexpressed in resistant Anopheles mosquitoes) and sporozoite copy number. Blood fed‐wild, caught adult An. gambiae s.l. (F0) were allowed to lay eggs. The resulting F1 generation was used for susceptibility‐testing using WHO methods, and resistance was confirmed against permethrin, deltamethrin and lambdacyhalothrin (26%–86% mortality). Mosquitoes were fully susceptible (100% mortality) to bendiocarb and pirimiphos methyl. The addition of PBO to the pyrethroid assays fully restored susceptibility. After they had laid eggs, the F0 adults were used to characterise parasite infection and resistance gene expression, both using qPCR. The CYP4G16 gene copy number was significantly higher in Plasmodium infected mosquitoes than their uninfected counterparts (Mann–Whitney, p < 0.0001). However, there was no relationship between CYP4G16 gene copy number and P. falciparum sporozoite copy number (Pearson's r = 0.06361, 95% CI). This study suggests that pyrethroids‐treated nets combined with PBO may help overcome major oxidative resistance mechanisms. It is also notable that these oxidative mechanisms are associated with increased Plasmodium infection in mosquitoes.
Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Facilitates Cortical Arousal and Alertness

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a promising noninvasive technique with potential beneficial effects on human emotion and cognition, including cortical arousal and alertness. However, it remains unclear how taVNS could improve cortical arousal and alertness, which are crucial for consciousness and daily task performance. Here, we aimed to estimate the modulatory effect of taVNS on cortical arousal and alertness and to reveal its underlying neural mechanisms. Sixty subjects were recruited and randomly assigned to either the taVNS group (receiving taVNS for 20 min) or the control group (receiving taVNS for 30 s). The effects of taVNS were evaluated behaviorally using a cue-target pattern task, and neurologically using a resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG). We found that taVNS facilitated the reaction time for the targets requiring right-hand responses and attenuated high-frequency alpha oscillations under the close-eye resting state. Importantly, taVNS-modulated alpha oscillations were positively correlated with the facilitated target detection performance, i.e., reduced reaction time. Furthermore, microstate analysis of the resting-state EEG when the eyes were closed illustrated that taVNS reduced the mean duration of microstate C, which has been proven to be associated with alertness. Altogether, this work provided novel evidence suggesting that taVNS could be an enhancer of both cortical arousal and alertness.
Features of separatrix regions in magnetic reconnection: Comparison of 2-D particle-in-cell simulations and Cluster observations

[1] In collisionless magnetic reconnection, the in-plane Hall currents are carried mainly by the magnetized electrons. The in-plane Hall currents are directed toward the X line along the magnetic field lines just inside the separatrices and away from the X line along the separatrices. Such a current system leads to the quadrupole out-of-plane magnetic field with the peaks between the regions carrying the in-plane currents. Simultaneously, the electron flow toward the X line along the separatrices causes electron density depletions along the separatrices. In this paper, the features of separatrix regions in magnetic reconnection and the relations between the electron density depletions and the out-of-plane magnetic field are investigated with both two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations and Cluster observations. We conclude that the electron density depletions are formed because of the magnetic mirror, and they are outside the peaks of the out-of-plane magnetic field. Such a theoretical prediction is confirmed by both simulations and observations.
The Use Of Code-Switching By Teacher In Classroom Interaction At MAN 2 Model Medan

This research that has been conducted entitled "The Use of Code-Switching By Teacher In Classroom Interaction At MAN 2 Model Medan" which is motivated by the fact that there are differences in abilities between teachers and students in using and understanding English so make the teacher adjust the language gap so that code-switching occurs between students and teachers in classroom interaction. Code-switching is a communication between people use two or more language. The research methodology in this study use a qualitative method where the data collected by the researcher was by triangulation method that are observation, documentation and interview the teacher. The results obtained by the researcher are three types of code-switching used by teachers in classroom interaction, those are tag switching, inter-sentential switching, and intra-sentential switching. Based on those three types, the dominant types that are most often used by the teacher is inter-sentential switching. The teacher use code switching because of talking about particular topic, quoting somebody else, showing empathy, interjection, repetition, expressing group identity, and to clarify about the content. Based on the finding of the research, it can be concluded that code-switching can be used by teacher in classroom interaction because code-switching as the solution of the language gap between teacher and student.
Nanoscale deposition of solid inks via thermal dip pen nanolithography

We demonstrate that nanolithography can be performed using a heated atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever tip to control the deposition of a solid organic “ink. ” The ink, octadecylphosphonic acid (OPA), has a melting temperature near 100°C and can self-assemble on mica. Postdeposition analysis shows that deposition occurs only when the cantilever tip is heated above OPA’s melting temperature, that the deposited structure does not spread significantly while cooling, and that a cool tip coated with OPA does not contaminate the substrate during subsequent imaging. Single lines were written with a width of 100nm. This approach greatly expands the potential of dip pen nanolithography, allowing local control of deposition and deposition of materials typically immobile at room temperature, while avoiding potential problems arising from inadvertent deposition and postdeposition diffusion.
A full-chain, temporary network model with sliplinks, chain-length fluctuations, chain connectivity and chain stretching

A full-chain, temporary network model is proposed for nonlinear flows of linear, entangled polymeric liquids. The model is inspired by the success of a recent reptation model, but contains no beads or tubes. Instead, each chain uses a different (and smaller) set of dynamic variables: the location of each entanglement and the number of Kuhn steps in chain strands between entanglements. As before, the model requires only a single phenomenological parameter that is fit by linear viscoelasticity. The number of Kuhn steps varies stochastically from imbalances in chemical potential and Brownian forces. In the language of reptation, the model exhibits chain connectivity, chain-length fluctuations, chain stretching, and tube dilation. The current implementation in this framework does not include constraint release, although its addition is possible. The entanglements are assumed to move affinely. Because of the affinity assumption and lack of constraint release, the model should be expected to approximate well a .
Nanoparticles-suspended biodiesel and its blends in compression ignition engines: a bibliometric analysis of research trend and future outlook

Abstract The bibliometric analysis of nanoparticle-suspended biodiesel engine performance research (NSBEPR) has been presented. Publication data on NSBEPR extracted from the Scopus® database from 2009 to 2021 were analyzed using VOS viewer®. The network of co-authorship of participating countries and organizations, citation counts of scientific papers and journals, and co-occurrence of author keyword were analyzed to study the research trend, hotspot, temporal distribution, and future direction. With a sum of 260 scientific publications used in this study, the network analysis revealed India (208 articles and 4514 citations) and the University of Malaya (12 articles and 700 citations) were the most productive country and institution, respectively, concerning NSBEPR. The most cited paper and journal were the work of Shaafi and Velraj (2015) and “Fuel” with 208 and 1256 citations, respectively. The utilization of metal oxides (Al2O3 and CeO2) as nanoparticles, waste (cooking oil) and edible (soybean) oils as biodiesel feedstocks, biodiesel blend with diesel (at 20%) as fuel, and the investigation of the same in direct ignition diesel engines were observed as the research hotspots. Future research focused on the deployment of magnetic conditioning, green and novel nanoparticles, hybrid and novel biodiesel, hydrogen, spent tire, and plastic oils as fuel additives.
New efficient vanishing point detection from a single road image based on intrinsic line orientation and color texture properties

Detecting the vanishing point from a single road image is a challenging problem because there is very limited information in the input image that can help the computer to deduce the genuine location of vanishing point. Besides, the cluttered ambient environment in a real road image sometimes will hinder rather than assist the detection. Learning both the advantages and the limitations of current edge-based and texture-based approaches motivates us to propose a new vanishing point detection method that exploits the intrinsic geometric line structures and color texture properties of general roads. Our approach integrates the efficiency of line segments of edge-based methods, and the orientation coherence concept that is frequently applied in texture-based methods, which can be of great help to improve the accuracy of selecting the right line segments for vanishing point detection. The proposed method has been implemented and tested on over 1000 various road images. These road images exhibit large variations in color, texture, illumination condition, and ambient environment. The experimental results demonstrate that this new method is both efficient and effective in detecting vanishing point when compared to the state-of-the-art edge-based and texture-based methods.