Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Data Distribution for Heterogeneous Storage Systems

The exponential growth of data in many science and engineering domains poses significant challenges to storage systems. Data distribution is a critical component in large-scale distributed storage systems and plays a vital role in placing petabytes of data and beyond, among tens to hundreds of thousands of storage devices. Meantime, heterogeneous storage systems, such as those having devices with hard disk drives (HDDs) and storage class memories (SCMs), have become increasingly popular for massive data storage due to their distinct and complement characteristics. This paper presents a new data distribution algorithm called SUORA (Scalable and Uniform storage via Optimally-adaptive and Random number Addressing) specifically for heterogeneous devices to maximize the benefits of them. SUORA provides a fully symmetric, highly efficient methodology to distribute data across a hybrid and tiered storage cluster. It divides heterogeneous devices into different buckets and segments, and adopts pseudo-random functions to map data onto them with the balanced consideration of capacity, performance and life-time. By analyzing hotness and access patterns, SUORA gradually moves hot data from HDDs to SCMs to optimize the throughput, and moves cold data reversely for load balance. It combines data replication with migration to significantly reduce movement overhead while making data placement more adaptive to different workloads. Extensive evaluations on simulation and Sheepdog storage system show that, with considering distinct characteristics of various devices thoroughly, SUORA improves the overall performance efficiency of heterogeneous storage systems.
The dipole anisotropy of AllWISE galaxies

Previous studies have shown that our velocity in the rest frame of galaxies at high redshift does not converge to that deduced from the CMB temperature-dipole anisotropy. In this work we determine the dipole in the galaxy catalogue derived from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) survey. After reducing star contamination to ~0.1% by rejecting sources with high apparent motion as well as those close to the Galactic plane, we eliminate low redshift sources in order to suppress the non-kinematic, clustering dipole. We remove sources near the super-galactic plane, and those which are within 1'' of 2Mass Redshift Survey (2MRS) sources at z 1000 km/s, if it is solely of kinematic origin. However, previous studies have shown that only ~70% of the velocity of the Local Group as inferred from the CMB dipole is due to sources at z 240 km/s extending beyond z=0.03) that we do. We construct mock catalogues from the Dark Sky simulations in the neighbourhood of such peculiar observers in order to mimic our final galaxy selection, and quantify the residual clustering dipole. After subtracting this the remaining dipole is 0.0048+/-0.0022, corresponding to a velocity of 430+/-197 km/s which is consistent with the CMB. However the cause of such a large clustering dipole, the sources of which are at z>0.03, remains to be established.
Deinstitutionalisation in Hungarian child protection: Policy and practice changes in historical contexts

The aim of the study is to present the historical changes in child protection in Hungary and the process of deinstitutionalisation, which is still shaping child protection work in this country. The research seeks to answer the question of how the process of institutionalisation and deinstitutionalisation was implemented in Hungary in the socialist era and after the introduction of Act XXXI of 1997 on the Protection of Children and on the Directorate for Guardianship (Act XXXI of 1997), which was a milestone in the Hungarian child protection for the 0-3-year olds. The study employs a case study methodology with secondary data corpus including legislation and data provided by the Central Statistical Office in Hungary. The scientific approach of the study is mainly historical, presenting the main features of child protection in three distinct periods 1950-1970, 1980-1995 and 1996-2018. The findings indicate that the socialist era has had a prevailing influence on child protection for many decades, but the years following the transition into democracy brought major transformation in child protection, a "transition of the child protection system", paving the way for the process of deinstitutionalisation and the emergence of alternative forms of care.
A qualitative systematic review on the application of the normalization of deviance phenomenon within high-risk industries.

INTRODUCTION The concept of normalization of deviance describes the gradual acceptance of deviant observations and practices. It is founded upon the gradual desensitization to risk experienced by individuals or groups who recurrently deviate from standard operating procedures without encountering negative consequences. Since its inception, normalization of deviance has seen extensive, but segmented, application across numerous high-risk industrial contexts. The current paper describes a systematic review of the existing literature on the topic of normalization of deviance within high-risk industrial settings. METHOD Four major databases were searched in order to identify relevant academic literature, with 33 academic papers meeting all inclusion criteria. Directed content analysis was used to analyze the texts. RESULTS Based on the review, an initial conceptual framework was developed to encapsulate identified themes and their interactions; key themes linked to the normalization of deviance included risk normalization, production pressure, culture, and a lack of negative consequences. CONCLUSIONS While preliminary, the present framework offers relevant insights into the phenomenon that may help guide future analysis using primary data sources and aid in the development of intervention methods. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Normalization of deviance is an insidious phenomenon that has been noted in several high-profile disasters across a variety of industrial settings. A number of organizational factors allow for and/or propagate this process, and as such, the phenomenon should be considered as an aspect of safety evaluations and interventions.
The Effect of SiC-MOSFET Characteristics on the Performance of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Actuators with Two-Stroke Charge Cycle Operation

The low-voltage operation of a dielectric-barrier-discharge (DBD) plasma actuator with a simple electric circuit has the potential to put it into industrial applications. However, there is an issue that the efficiency of the low-voltage operated DBD plasma actuator is lower than that of the high-voltage operated one. In this study, the characteristics of silicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), which are used in the electric circuit, are investigated with a focus on the on-state resistance. The on-state resistance of the SiC-MOSFET affects the rise time of the applied voltage in our experimental condition. The energy consumption by applying a pulse voltage to the DBD plasma actuator increases with increasing the on-state resistance. Flow visualization with particle image velocimetry measurement reveals that a DBD plasma actuator with the SiC-MOSFET whose on-state resistance is the lowest induces the highest velocity of the ionic wind. Also, low on-state resistance is preferable in terms of the thrust-to-power ratio. These findings contribute to the development of an optimal power supply for DBD plasma actuators for industrial applications.
Multiple dynamical components in Local Group dwarf spheroidals

The dwarf spheroidal (dSph) satellites of the Local Group have long been thought to be simple spheroids of stars embedded within extended dark matter haloes. Recently, however, evidence for the presence of spatially and kinematically distinct stellar populations has been accumulating. Here, we examine the influence of such components on dynamical models of dwarf galaxies embedded in cold dark matter haloes. We begin by constructing a model of Andromeda II, a dSph satellite of M31 which shows evidence for spatially distinct stellar components. We find that the two-component model predicts an overall velocity dispersion profile that remains approximately constant at ∼10−11 km s−1 out to ∼1 kpc from the centre; this is despite wide kinematic and spatial differences between the two individual components. This prediction can be validated by detailed spectroscopic analysis of this galaxy. The presence of two components may also help to explain oddities in the velocity dispersion profiles of other dSphs; we show that velocity dispersion profiles which appear to rise from the centre outwards before levelling off – such as those of Leo I, Draco, and Fornax – can result from the gradual transition from a dynamically cold, concentrated component to a second, hotter, and more spatially extended one, both in equilibrium within the same dark halo. Dwarf galaxies with two stellar components generally have a leptokurtic line-of-sight velocity distribution which is well described by a double Maxwellian. This may be contrasted with other dynamical explanations such as a radially dependent anisotropy in the stars' orbits. Interestingly, we find that multiple equilibrium components could also provide a potential alternative origin for ‘extra-tidal’ stars (normally ascribed to tidal effects) in situations where corroborating evidence for tides – such as elongation of the main body of the dwarf in the orbital direction or velocity gradients across its face driven by protruding tidal tails – may be lacking.
Multiple-Modes Scanning Probe Microscopy Characterization of Copper doped Zinc Oxide (ZnO:Cu) Thin Films

This paper presents multiple-modes Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) studies on characterize resistance switching (RS), polarization rotation (PO) and surface potential changes in copper doped ZnO (ZnO:Cu) thin films. The bipolar RS behavior is confirmed by conductive Atomic Force Microscopy (c-AFM). The PO with almost 180{\deg} phase angle is confirmed by using the vertical and lateral Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM). In addition, it elucidates that obvious polarization rotation behavior can be observed in the sample with increasing Cu concentration. Furthermore, correlation of the RS behavior with PO behavior has been studied by performing various mode SPM measurements on the same location. The electric field resulted from the opposite polarization orientation are corresponded to the different resistance states. It is found that the region with the polarization in downward direction has low resistance state (LRS), whereas the region with upward polarization has high resistance state (HRS). In addition, the Piezoresponse Force Spectroscopy (PFS) and Switching Spectroscopy PFM (SS-PFM) measurements further confirm that the existence of the built-in field due to the uncomplemented polarization may affect the depletion region and hence contribute to the RS behavior. In addition, Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) results show that, when ZnO-based thin films is subjected to negative and then followed by positive sample bias, injection charge limit current is dominated.
High-Resolution Infrared Imaging of FSC 10214+4724: Evidence for Gravitational Lensing

We present near-infrared observations of the ultraluminous high-redshift (z = 2.286) IRAS source FSC 10214+4724 obtained in 0. ″4 seeing at the W. M. Keck telescope. These observations show that FSC 10214+4724 consists of a highly symmetric circular arc centered on a second weaker source. The arc has an angular extent of about 140° and is probably unresolved in the transverse direction. This morphology constitutes compelling prima facie evidence for a gravitationally lensed system. Our images also contain evidence for the faint counterimage predicted by the lens hypothesis. The morphology of FSC 10214+4724 can be explained in terms of a gravitationally lensed background source if the object at the center of curvature of the arc is an L* galaxy at z ≈ 0.7. If FSC 10214+4724 is lensed, then there is significant magnification and its luminosity has been overestimated by a large factor. Our results suggest that FSC 10214+4724 is not a uniquely luminous object but ranks among the most powerful quasars and ultraluminous IRAS galaxies.
OBSERVABILITY OF SECONDARY DOPPLER PEAKS IN THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND RADIATION POWER SPECTRUM BY EXPERIMENTS WITH SMALL FIELDS

We investigate the effects of finite sky coverage on the spectral resolution $\Delta\ell$ in the estimation of the CMBR angular power spectrum $C^{\ell}$. A method is developed for obtaining quasi-independent estimates of the power spectrum, and the cosmic/sample variance of these estimates is calculated. The effect of instrumental noise is also considered for prototype interferometer and single-dish experiments. By proposing a statistic for the detection of secondary (Doppler) peaks in the CMBR power spectrum, we then compute the significance level at which such peaks may be detected for a large range of model CMBR experiments. In particular, we investigate experimental design features required to distinguish between competing cosmological theories, such as cosmic strings and inflation, by establishing whether or not secondary peaks are present in the CMBR power spectrum.
Remarks on the Casimir self-entropy of a spherical electromagnetic 
δ
-function shell

Recently the Casimir self-entropy of an electromagnetic $\delta$-function shell was considered by two different groups, with apparently discordant conclusions, although both had concluded that a region of negative entropy existed for sufficiently weak coupling. We had found that the entropy contained an infrared divergence, which we argued should be discarded on physical grounds. On the contrary, Bordag and Kirsten recently found a completely finite self-entropy, although they, in fact, have to remove an infrared divergence. Apart from this, the high- and low-temperature results for finite coupling agree precisely for the transverse electric mode, but there are significant discrepancies in the transverse magnetic mode. We resolve those discrepancies here. In particular, it is shown that coupling-independent terms do not occur in a consistent regulated calculation, they likely being an artefact of the omission of pole terms. The results of our previous analysis, especially, the existence of a negative entropy region for sufficiently weak coupling, are therefore confirmed. Finally, we offer some analogous remarks concerning the Casimir entropy of a thin electromagnetic sheet, where the total entropy is always positive. In that case, the origin of the analogous discrepancy can be explicitly isolated.
Method to measure spatial coherence of subangstrom electron beams

A method is described for measuring the intensity distribution of the electron source in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) fitted with an objective lens aberration corrector. The method is applied to a Cs-corrected 300kV field emission gun TEM/STEM, which is found to have an effective source size of 0.56A full width at half maximum (FWHM) under optical conditions suitable for high resolution STEM imaging. This corresponds to a probe intensity distribution at the specimen plane of 0.72A FWHM using a probe-forming aperture of 25mrad and including the measured residual lens aberrations.
Density-Based Unsupervised Learning Algorithm to Categorize College Students into Dropout Risk Levels

Compliance with the basic conditions of quality in higher education implies the design of strategies to reduce student dropout, and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the educational field have allowed directing, reinforcing, and consolidating the process of professional academic training. We propose an academic and emotional tracking model that uses data mining and machine learning to group university students according to their level of dropout risk. We worked with 670 students from a Peruvian public university, applied 5 valid and reliable psychological assessment questionnaires to them using a chatbot-based system, and then classified them using 3 density-based unsupervised learning algorithms, DBSCAN, K-Means, and HDBSCAN. The results showed that HDBSCAN was the most robust option, obtaining better validity levels in two of the three internal indices evaluated, where the performance of the Silhouette index was 0.6823, the performance of the Davies–Bouldin index was 0.6563, and the performance of the Calinski–Harabasz index was 369.6459. The best number of clusters produced by the internal indices was five. For the validation of external indices, with answers from mental health professionals, we obtained a high level of precision in the F-measure: 90.9%, purity: 94.5%, V-measure: 86.9%, and ARI: 86.5%, and this indicates the robustness of the proposed model that allows us to categorize university students into five levels according to the risk of dropping out.
A low-background-intensity focusing small-angle X-ray scattering undulator beamline

The SAXS/WAXS beamline at the Australian Synchrotron is an advanced and flexible undulator X-ray scattering beamline used for small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering analysis on a wide variety of solids, fluids and surfaces across a diverse range of research and development fields. The beamline has numerous features that minimize the intensity of the instrument background, provide automated stable optics, and allow accurate analysis of very weakly scattering samples. The geometric and intensity requirements of a three-slit collimation system are described in detail for conventional metal and single-crystal germanium slits. Straightforward ray tracing and simple linear projections describe the observed direct beam as well as parasitic background scattering geometry of the beamline at its longest camera length, providing a methodology for the design and operation of similar beamlines. As an aid to instrument design, the limit of background intensity determined by the intensity incident on single-crystal germanium guard slit edges and its q dependence was quantified at 11 keV. Details of the beamline's implementation, underlying optical concept and measured performance are given.
Quantum doubles in monoidal categories

Let H be a Hopf algebra in a rigid symmetric monoidal category C then the evaluation map τis a convolution-invertible skew pairing. In the previous paper, we constructed a Hopf algebra D(H)=H ⋈ r H *cop in C. In this paper, we first show that D(H) is a quasitriangular Hopf algebra in C. Next, let H be an ordinary triangular finite-dimensional Hopf algebra. Then one can form quasitriangular Hopf algebras B(H,H) and B(H,D(H)) (in a rigid braided monoidal category) by Majid’s method associated to the ordinary Hopf algebra maps H →H and iH H → D(H), where D(H) is the Drin-fePd quantum double. We show that D (B(H,H)) and B(H,D(H)) are isomorphic Hopf algebras in the braided monoidal category.
On the Timescales of Embodied Intelligence for Autonomous Adaptive Systems

Embodiment is a crucial concept for the autonomy and adaptivity of systems working in the physical world with high degrees of uncertainty and complexity. The physical bodies of autonomous adaptive systems heavily influence the information flow from the environment to the central processing (and vice versa), requiring us to consider the full triad of brain, body, and environment to investigate intelligent behavior. This article provides a structured review of embodied intelligence with a special emphasis on the concept of timescales and their role in self-organization and the emergence of complex behavior. We classify embodied interactions into three types—cross-timescale matching, separation, and nontemporal sequences—and discuss how these interactions were studied in the past as well as how they can contribute to the systematic investigation of complex autonomous and adaptive systems in both biological and artificial entities. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems, Volume 14 is May 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Atomic-scale mechanisms of defect- and light-induced oxidation and degradation of InSe

Layered indium selenide (InSe), a new two-dimensional (2D) material with a hexagonal structure and semiconducting characteristics, is gaining increasing attention owing to its intriguing electronic properties. Here, by using first-principles calculations, we reveal that perfect InSe possesses high chemical stability against oxidation, superior to MoS2. However, the presence of intrinsic Se vacancy (VSe) and light illumination can markedly affect its surface activity. In particular, the excess electrons associated with the exposed In atoms at the VSe site under illumination are able to remarkably reduce the dissociation barrier of O2 to ∼0.2 eV. Moreover, under ambient conditions, the splitting of O2 enables the formation of substitutional (apical) oxygen atomic species, which further cause the trapping and subsequent rapid splitting of H2O molecules and ultimately the formation of hydroxyl groups. Our findings uncover the causes and underlying mechanisms of InSe surface degradation via defect-photo-promoted oxidations. Such results will be beneficial in developing strategies for the storage of the InSe material and its applications for surface passivation with boron nitride, graphene or In-based oxide layers.
Management of Identity and Access in the Cloud

: Cloud computing is new technology that provides cheaper, easier, and more powerful processes to customers over internet. The cloud service provider (CSP) provides virtualized resources on Internet instead of using software or storage on a local computer. The economic benefits are the main reason for using cloud computing. Cloud computing dynamically delivers everything as a service (XaaS) over the internet based on user demand, such as network, operating system, storage, hardware, software, and resources. Thus, many security and privacy issues must be taken into consideration. The services of cloud computing are usually classified into three types: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS). This paper aims to achieve two main goals. The first is to review the field of cloud computing with an emphasis on the identity and access management (IAM) in the cloud. Secondly, we will report on our ongoing work for developing a novel system for IAM based on the techniques of Identity-Based Cryptography (IBC) security mediated cryptography. The proposed system architecture will be outlined along with some of the major operational steps.
Stellar weak interaction rates for intermediate mass nuclei. III. Rate tables for the free nucleons and nuclei with A = 21 TO A = 60

Stellar electron and positron emission rates and continuum electron and positron capture rates, as well as the associated neutrino energy loss rates, are tabulated for the free nucleons and 226 nuclei with masses between A = 21 and 60. These rates were calculated in accordance with the procedure described in Papers I and II of this series and are presented here in tabular form on an abbreviated temperature and density grid. Results of these calculations on a detailed temperature and density grid are available in computer readable form on magnetic tape upon request to MJN. The stellar weak rate calculation procedure is reviewed, and the results are discussed. Comparison of the stellar weak rates to terrestrial decay rates are made where possible.