Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On exploiting the interference structure for reliable communications

1Consider an additive Gaussian noise channel affected by an additive interference sequence, taken from a given codebook, which is known non-causally at the transmitter (e.g., via prior decoding). It is known that in this case optimal performance is attained by Dirty Paper Coding, which treats the interference signal as unstructured. In other words, for this example, the knowledge of the specific interferer's codebook at the decoder is not useful in terms of capacity. In this paper, two variations of this basic scenario are presented in which treating interference as unstructured is instead generally suboptimal. In the first case, a second encoder of the source message is present in the system that is not aware of the interferer's sequence, and source and interference messages are uncorrelated; In the second case, the sources encoded by the informed transmitter and interferer are correlated (and an uninformed encoder may or may not be present). Results are given in terms of conditions for achievability for both discrete and Gaussian models of the scenarios discussed above, and corroborated by numerical results. Optimal strategies are also identified in special cases. The conclusions herein point to the importance of exploiting the interfererence structure in multiterminal and source-channel coding scenarios.
Expression of ITGB1 predicts prognosis in colorectal cancer: a large prospective study based on tissue microarray.

BACKGROUND ITGB1 is a heterodimeric cell-surface receptor involved in cell functions such as proliferation, migration, invasion and survival. The aim of this study was to assess ITGB1 expression in colorectal cancer and correlate it with clinicopathological features, as well as to evaluate its potential prognostic significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we examined the expression of ITGB1 using tissue microarrays containing analyzed specimens by immunohistochemistry. ITGB1 expression was further correlated with clinicopathological and prognostic data. The prognostic significance was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and log-rank tests. A multivariate study with the Cox's proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the prognostic aspects. RESULTS ITGB1 expression was present in 88.5% of the analyzed specimens. Significant differences in ITGB1 expression were found between normal mucosa and carcinomas (P<0.001). High ITGB1 expression was associated with poor prognosis, and it independently correlated with shortened overall survival and disease-free survival in colorectal cancer patients (P<0.001). More so, ITGB1 expression, bowel wall invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Additionally, significant differences in ITGB1 expression were observed in adenomas and tumors from patients with familial adenomatous polyposis compared to normal colon mucosa (P<0.05) CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that ITGB1 overexpression in colorectal tumors is associated with poor prognosis, as well as aggressive clinicopathological features. Therefore, ITGB1 expression could be used as potential prognostic predictor in colorectal cancer patients.
Three types of reflexive verbs in German

Abstract Some recent studies on reflexive constructions have claimed that the socalled weak reflexive always blocks the appearance of the external argument. According to this analysis, the subject of the reflexive predicates corresponds to the internal argument. I argue against this view and show that the subject of reflexive sentences in German corresponds to either the external or internal argument, as Reinhart and Siloni (Linguistic Inquiry 36: 389–436, 2005) claim. However, as opposed to them, I argue that the reflexive with grooming verbs in German bears a thematic role, just as the reflexive with transitive verbs. Consequently reflexive verbs in German are classified into the following three types with respect to argument structure: (i) verbs that have both an external argument and an internal argument; (ii) verbs that have an external argument only; (iii) verbs that have an internal argument only. It is also shown that this classification captures the distribution of reflexives both in English and Dutch.
Shifting From Structural to Individual Attributions of Black Disadvantage

Despite significant changes in American society, Blacks still lag behind Whites on several important socioeconomic indicators. Attributing this gap to structural reasons (e.g., racial discrimination) or to person-centered reasons (e.g., individual willpower) is highly correlated with the extent to which individuals feel that the government should implement policies to ameliorate racial disparities. Scholars have shown that Blacks have shifted their explanations of Black disadvantage from structural attributions to person-centered over the past three decades. Some suggest that this change is because all Blacks are becoming more conservative while others suggest that cohort replacement is undergirding the shift. I used a newly developed method, the intrinsic estimator, to determine whether period, age, and/or cohort effects are responsible for the shift. I find that, generally, Blacks are less inclined to suggest that discrimination is a credible explanation due to period effects, but the increase in person-centered attributions is primarily due to cohort variation.
Face Detection using Gabor Wavelets and Neural Networks

This paper proposes new hybrid approaches for face recognition. Gabor wavelets representation of face images is an effective approach for both facial action recognition and face identification. Perform dimensionality reduction and linear discriminate analysis on the down sampled Gabor wavelet faces can increase the discriminate ability. Nearest feature space is extended to various similarity measures. In our experiments, proposed Gabor wavelet faces combined with extended neural net feature space classifier shows very good performance, which can achieve 93 % maximum correct recognition rate on ORL data set without any preprocessing step. Keywords—Face detection, Neural Networks, Multi-layer Perceptron, Gabor wavelets.
Genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of HIV transmission

The high genetic diversity of HIV is one of its most significant features, as it has consequences in global distribution, vaccine design, therapy success, disease progression, transmissibility and viral load testing. Studying HIV diversity helps to understand its origins, migration patterns, current distribution and transmission events. New advances in sequencing technologies based on the parallel acquisition of data are now used to characterize within-host and population processes in depth. Additionally, we have seen similar advances in statistical methods designed to model the past history of lineages (the phylodynamic framework) to ultimately gain better insights into the evolutionary history of HIV. We can, for example, estimate population size changes, lineage dispersion over geographic areas and epidemiological parameters solely from sequence data. In this article, we review some of the evolutionary approaches used to study transmission patterns and processes in HIV and the insights gained from such.
Multi-robot path planning based on the developed RRT* algorithm

In this paper, we investigate the multi-robot path planning problem, with both the robot motion constrains and the conflictions among the robots taken into account. We have extended the RRT* algorithm by considering the motion constraints and the sensor ranges of the robots and calculate the path of the robots in real time. Simulation studies are performed to show the effectiveness of our algorithm.
Oceans at risk - Research priorities in marine conservation biology

"In the end, we will conserve only what we love. We will love only what we understand. "  Baba Dioum, Senegalese naturalist and poet Introduction The marine environment encompasses a broad array of ecosystems, ranging from spectacular coral reefs and kelp forests, to coastal mangroves, seagrass beds, and salt marshes, to expansive deepsea plains interspersed with trenches, seamounts, ridges, and hydrothermal vents, to the vast open water column up to thousands of meters deep. Although the oceans cover 70.8% of the Earth's surface, we know little about all three levels of biodiversity in the sea: genetic, species, and ecosystem (general reviews by Norse 1993, NRC 1995, McAllister 1996, Ormond et al. 1997). However, we do know that marine biodiversity is extremely valuable to humankind, accounting for over 60% of the economic value of the biosphere (Costanza et al. 1997). Sea life provides five basic services to humans (reviews by Norse 1993, Daily 1997, Costanza 1999, Moberg and Folke 1999): ú ecosystem services: Examples range from the global "biological pump" that sequesters atmospheric carbon dioxide and transports carbon to the deep sea, to the regional role of coral reefs and salt marshes in moderating coastal erosion. ú food: About 20% of the animal protein consumed by humans comes from marine fisheries. ú medicines: Marine organisms are increasingly found to contain biomedically active compounds, including antitumor agents. ú minerals and chemicals: Examples include abiotic resources (fossil fuels, manganese, table salt, etc.), as well as chemicals derived from organisms (such as alginate from seaweeds and chitin from crustaceans, both used in a broad variety of food, medical, and technological applications). ú recreation and ecotourism: Marine life, especially the charismatic megafauna of the seas (marine mammals, etc.), has inspired humankind for time immemorial. Recreational use of coral reefs supports many regional economies. Despite their immense value, marine ecosystems are deteriorating rapidly due to human activities, especially physical alteration of habitat, overexploitation, species introductions, global climate change, and marine pollution The most threatened systems are coastal, especially wetlands (including estuaries, salt marshes, and mangroves), coral reefs, and communities associated with the seafloor of the continental shelves. Unfortunately, because detailed exploration of the oceans is a recent endeavor, we have little knowledge of what species are being lost (Irish and Norse 1996). It is nonetheless becoming increasingly clear that human-induced extinction in the sea is a sad and threatening reality (Carlton To date, it has been …
Radioactivity and radiation protection 1 25 . RADIOACTIVITY & RADIATION PROTECTION

29.1. Definitions The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) recommends the use of SI units. Therefore we list SI units first, followed by cgs (or other common) units in parentheses, where they differ. • Unit of activity = becquerel (curie): 1 Bq = 1 disintegration s−1 [= 1/(3.7 × 1010) Ci] • Unit of absorbed dose = gray (rad): 1 Gy = 1 joule kg−1 (= 104 erg g−1 = 100 rad) = 6.24 × 1012 MeV kg−1 deposited energy • Unit of exposure, the quantity of xor γradiation at a point in space integrated over time, in terms of charge of either sign produced by showering electrons in a small volume of air about the point: = 1 coul kg−1 of air (roentgen; 1 R = 2.58×10−4 coul kg−1) = 1 esu cm−3(= 87.8 erg released energy per g of air) Implicit in the definition is the assumption that the small test volume is embedded in a sufficiently large uniformly irradiated volume that the number of secondary electrons entering the volume equals the number leaving. This unit is somewhat historical, but appears on many measuring instruments. • Unit of equivalent dose (for biological damage) = sievert [= 100 rem (roentgen equivalent for man)]: Equivalent dose in Sv = absorbed dose in grays × wR, where wR (radiation weighting factor, formerly the quality factor Q) expresses long-term risk (primarily cancer and leukemia) from low-level chronic exposure. It depends upon the type of radiation and other factors, as follows [2]:
Optical bandwidth and fabrication tolerances of multimode interference couplers

Analytical expressions are derived which relate the optical bandwidth and the fabrication tolerances of multimode interference (MMI) couplers to their most important design parameters. These expressions compare adequately with mode analysis simulations. For strong guided structures, the optical bandwidth is shown to he inversely proportional to the number of input and output ports N and to the length of the device. The fabrication tolerances are independent of N and proportional to the output channel separation D. Measurements on MMI couplers in InP/InGaAsP corroborate the theoretical predictions. >
Candida albicans VAC8 Is Required for Vacuolar Inheritance and Normal Hyphal Branching

ABSTRACT Hyphal growth is prevalent during most Candida albicans infections. Current cell division models, which are based on cytological analyses of C. albicans, predict that hyphal branching is intimately linked with vacuolar inheritance in this fungus. Here we report the molecular validation of this model, showing that a specific mutation that disrupts vacuolar inheritance also affects hyphal division. The armadillo repeat-containing protein Vac8p plays an important role in vacuolar inheritance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The VAC8 gene was identified in the C. albicans genome sequence and was resequenced. Homozygous C. albicans vac8Δ deletion mutants were generated, and their phenotypes were examined. Mutant vac8Δ cells contained fragmented vacuoles, and minimal vacuolar material was inherited by daughter cells in hyphal or budding forms. Normal rates of growth and hyphal extension were observed for the mutant hyphae on solid serum-containing medium. However, branching frequencies were significantly increased in the mutant hyphae. These observations are consistent with a causal relationship between vacuolar inheritance and the cell division cycle in the subapical compartments of C. albicans hyphae. The data support the hypothesis that cytoplasmic volume, rather than cell size, is critical for progression through G1.
Self-directed learning: looking at outcomes with medical students.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Self-directed learning (SDL) skills are thought to be associated with lifelong learning. This study assessed the degree of readiness for SDL in third-year medical students who participated in a problem-based learning (PBL) curriculum during thefirst 2 years of medical school. METHODS A total of 182 third-year medical students at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston were given the Self-directed Learning Readiness Scale (SDLRS). RESULTS The observed mean (235.81 [range 183-284]) for the combined group was significantly higher than the mean reported for general adult learners (214), though slightly lower than scores reported in studies of other medical students and professionals. Ratings of students by clinical preceptors correlated with SDLRS scores. CONCLUSIONS Students in our integrated medical curriculum had scores on the SDLRS that correlated with clinical performance and probably represented a readiness for SDL.
High-level test generation using symbolic scheduling

A high-level test generation algorithm SWIFT is proposed which incorporates a symbolic scheduling procedure, derived from high-level synthesis applications, to resolve decision conflicts during test generation. SWIFT uses the induced fault model to generate functional tests that guarantee detection of low-level structural faults. When applied to functional models of representative 74 X-series, ISCAS-85 and ISCAS-89 circuits. SWIFT produces test sequences that cover all gate-level stuck-at-faults. Surprisingly, although they are derived from a high-level functional description of the circuit under test, most of these test sequences are of provably minimal or near-minimal size.
Continuity of primary care and emergency department utilization among elderly people

Background: People aged 65 years or more represent a growing group of emergency department users. We investigated whether characteristics of primary care (accessibility and continuity) are associated with emergency department use by elderly people in both urban and rural areas. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using information for a random sample of 95 173 people aged 65 years or more drawn from provincial administrative databases in Quebec for 2000 and 2001. We obtained data on the patients' age, sex, comorbidity, rate of emergency department use (number of days on which a visit was made to an amergency department per 1000 days at risk [i.e., alive and not in hospital] during the 2-year study period), use of hospital and ambulatory physician services, residence (urban v. rural), socioeconomic status, access (physician: population ratio, presence of primary physician) and continuity of primary care. Results: After adjusting for age, sex and comorbidity, we found that an increased rate of emergency department use was associated with lack of a primary physician (adjusted rate ratio [RR] 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41–1.49) and low or medium (v. high) levels of continuity of care with a primary physician (adjusted RR 1.46, 95% CI 1.44–1.48, and 1.27, 95% CI 1.25–1.29, respectively). Other significant predictors of increased use of emergency department services were residence in a rural area, low socioeconomic status and residence in a region with a higher physician:population ratio. Among the patients who had a primary physician, continuity of care had a stronger protective effect in urban than in rural areas. Interpretation: Having a primary physician and greater continuity of care with this physician are factors associated with decreased emergency department use by elderly people, particularly those living in urban areas.
The Morphology Dependence of Luminosity Segregation in the Coma Cluster

We carry out CCD photometry of galaxies in the 5.25 deg2 region centered on the Coma Cluster down to MR = -16.0, which is beyond the limit of conventional morphological classification. We use the angular two-point correlation function as well as radial profiles in order to characterize the luminosity segregation. We find strong luminosity segregation for our total sample over the magnitude range of -20 ≤ MR ≤ -16, which is not entirely accounted for in terms of the morphology-density relation that is known to exist only for bright galaxies. We use a single consistent parameter, the degree of luminosity concentration, to parameterize the morphology of galaxies over the wide magnitude range, where both giant and dwarf galaxies are included. Galaxies with high central concentration (HCC) show strong luminosity segregation, i.e., their clustering strength depends strongly on luminosity, while those with low central concentration (LCC) show almost no luminosity segregation. The radial density profiles show that brighter HCC-type galaxies tend to more strongly concentrate near the cluster center, while LCC-type galaxies do not show such a dependence on luminosity. We show that these results are tenable against the contamination by field galaxies and uncertainties in our method of classification.
Nonlinear Optical Signal Processing in Optical Packet Switching Systems

This paper discusses nonlinear optical signal processing employed in optical packet switching systems. Nonlinear optical signal processing provides optical label (header) recognition, optical switching, wavelength conversion, and time buffering with typically higher capacity, lower latency, and lower power consumption than electronic counterparts. In order to provide diverse signal processing functions, large-scale integration of nonlinear optical signal processing devices is essential. We discuss possible future directions in optical packet switching involving nonlinear optical signal processing of optical packets with advanced data and label modulation formats.
Equity and Equality: Male and Female Means to a Just End

The thesis that males and females differ in their strategies for reward allocation in the face of distributive problems was examined. Evidence, primarily from the areas of achievement motivation and behavior, was reviewed to show that while the equity norm is consistent with the goals of Western males, equality is consistent with the goals of females. On the assumption that equitable allocations reinforce competitive (agentic) success and equal allocations reinforce social (communal) success, the research examining reward allocation was assessed within each of the four paradigms commonly employed. Sex differences were predicted and obtained in two of these paradigms: When the allocation situations contained interpersonal elements, females allocated less to themselves than did males and less than predicted by equity theory when asked to distribute rewards to self and others, and all female groups made more equal group allocation decisions than did all male groups when the interaction was competitive. Varia.
Foucault and Political Reason: Liberalism, Neo-Liberalism, and Rationalities of Government

Liberal government and techniques of the self, Graham Burchell governing "advanced" liberal democracies, Nikolas Rose liberalism, socialism and democracy - variations on a governmental theme, Barry Hindess the promise of liberalism and the performance of freedom, Vikki Bell security and vitality - drains, liberalism and power in the 19th century, Thomas Osborne lines of communication and spaces of rule, Andrew Barry assembling the school, Ian Hunter governing the city - liberalism and early modern governance, Alan Hunt risk and responsibility, Pat O'Malley Foucault, government and the enfolding of authority, Mitchell Dean revolutions within - self-government and self-esteem, Barbara Cruikshank Foucault in Britain, Colin Gordon.
Asymptotic flatness, little string theory, and holography

We argue that any non-gravitational holographic dual to asymptotically flat string theory in d-dimensions naturally resides at spacelike infinity. Since spacelike infinity can be resovled as a (d ? 1)-dimensional timelike hyperboloid (i.e., as a copy of de Sitter space in (d ? 1) dimensions), the dual theory is defined on a Lorentz signature spacetime. Conceptual issues regarding such a duality are clarified by comparison with linear dilaton boundary conditions, such as those dual to little string theory. We compute both time-ordered and Wightman boundary 2-point functions of operators dual to massive scalar fields in the asymptotically flat bulk.
The Influences of Effortful Control and Working Memory on Emotion Regulation in Preschool Children:The Analysis of Moderating Effect of Child Sex

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between preschooler’s sex, effortful control, working memory, and emotion regulation. The moderating effect of sex in the influences of effortful control and working memory on emotion regulation was also investigated. Eighty-eight children from the ages of 3 to 5 years participated in this study. A working memory task of the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children IV(K-WISC-IV; Kwak, Oh, & Kim, 2011) was administered to the children. Their parents completed a very short form of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire(Putnam & Rothbart, 2006) and Emotion Regulation Checklist(Shields & Cicchetti, 1997). The results indicated that effortful control significantly predicted emotion regulation. Additionally the moderating effect of sex on the relationship between working memory and emotion regulation was significant. Specifically, the influence of working memory on emotion regulation was significant only in boys, but not in girls. This result suggested that effortful control has an effect on emotion regulation in a stable manner whereas working memory has different effects on the influence of emotion regulation according to sex.