Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Grand Delusion. Democracy and Economic Reform in Egypt

Part 1 Limited liberties before deliberalization - political liberties at the end of the 1980s: authoritarian arrangements positive liberties in the narrow sense - the central institutions of the state positive liberties in the wider sense -representation and participation elsewhere negative liberties -the state against individuals and groups the judiciary and restrictions on liberties. Part 2 The deliberalization of the 1990s: positive liberties in the narrow sense - the central institutions of the state - parliamentary elections, presidential elections, new restrictions on political parties, illusory overtures positive liberties in the wider sense - representation and participation elsewhere - the lower levels of the state apparatus, state-regulated organizations negative liberties - the state against individuals and groups - the state of emergency, the amendment of the penal code and the extended jurisdiction of the supreme state security courts in 1992, the recourse to military courts from 1992, repression in practice, the harassment of human rights groups, from the 1995 "law to assassinate the press" to the new press law in 1996, de facto restrictions on the press, controlling religious discourse, act 1 - the clampdown on independent mosques from 1996, early measures against Egyptian periodicals registered abroad, 1997, restrictions on the creation of new media, January 1998, further measures against periodicals registered abroad, simultaneous pressures on the press registered in Egypt, keeping professional secrets - the 1998 amendment to the police law, more of the same, censorship outside the media, controlling religious discourse act 2 - reducing the opposition within Al-Azhar, freedom of expression in a wider sense the scope and limits of deliberalization - the semblants of liberalization, two cases apart, liberties restricted and liberties lost, the judiciary between independence and marginalization, the beneficiaries of restrictions the conflicts between the regime and its Islamist opponents, the switch from party lists to majority vote, economic crisis, austerity reforms and economic liberalization, economic malaise and Islamist opposition, streamlining the state apparatus, the weakness of liberal convictions, the longevity of the regime, the relative importance of factors outlook - the 2000 elections and beyond contemporary Egypt - historiography and theory - the history of Egypt, economy and politics.
Experimental Analysis of the Channel Busy Time in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

To maintain the benefits of fast growing Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs), Congestion Control (CC) algorithms are used to reduce channel congestion even under harsh communication conditions in order to achieve a reliable service. Reactive channel load (CL) based CC mechanisms, like Decentralized Congestion Control (DCC), therefore hardly rely on accurate CL values to work at best effort. While continuous probing of the channel obviously offers the best accuracy, it is not always possible or necessary, as illustrated in this paper. Instead estimation methods are used which may vary in accuracy through their parameter settings. The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of synchronization and the measuring interval length for time (in-)variant CL as well as number and distribution of probes for the channel busy time. Various measurements, which are retrieved from an experimental set-up, are used for a theoretical evaluation. I illustrate that accuracy strongly varies and also suffers from the use of certain parameters, especially the measuring interval length and the synchronization effect which is of major interest for time (in-)variant CL occurring in VANETs. Furthermore the paper reveals that simple constant probing can, in terms of accuracy, outperform uniformly distributed probes used so far.
Effects of a difference in fundamental frequency in separating two sentences.

The perceptual separation of two competing voices is easier when the voices are on different fundamental frequencies (Fos). Brokx and Nooteboom (Brokx and Nooteboom, 1982; Brokx et al., 1979) asked their subjects to recall semantically anomalous sentences played against a continuous background of speech. They used LPC analysis and resynthesis to create a constant Fo difference between the monotone target sentence and the interfering speech. As the Fo difference between the two speech streams increased so did the intelligibility of the target sentence. The word recognition rate was about 40% for equal Fos and rose roughly linearly to about 60% for a difference of three semitones.
A P LAUSIBLE C OMPREHENSIVE W EB I NTELLIGENT S YSTEM FOR INVESTIGATION OF WEB USER BEHAVIOUR ADAPTABLE TO I NCREMENTAL MINING

With the continued increase in the usage of the World Wide Web (WWW) Web mining has been established as an important area of research. The WWW is a vast repository of unstructured information, in the form of interrelated files, distributed on numerous web servers over wide geographical regions. Web mining deals with the discovering and analyzing of useful information from the WWW. Web usage mining focuses on investigating the potential knowledge from the browsing patterns of users and to find the correlation between the pages on analysis. To proceed towards web intelligence, obviating the need for human interaction, need to incorporate and embed artificial intelligence into web tools. Before applying mining techniques, the data in the web log has to be pre-processed, integrated and transformed. The data pre-processing stage is the most important phase in the process of web mining and is critical and complex in successful extraction of useful data. The web log is non scalable, impractical and distributed in nature thus conventional data pre-processing techniques are proved to be not suitable as they assume that the data is static. Hence intelligent system is required for capable of pre processing weblog efficiently. Due to the incremental nature of the web log, it is necessary for web miners to use incremental mining techniques to extract the usage patterns and study the visiting characteristics of user, hence one can require a comprehensive algorithm which reduces the computing cost significantly. This paper introduces an Intelligent System IPS for pre-processing of web log, in addition a learning algorithm IFP-tree model is proposed for pattern recognition. The Intelligent Pre-processing System (IPS) can differentiate human user and web search engine accesses intelligently in less time, and discards search engine accesses. The present system reduces the error rate and improves significant learning performance of the algorithm. The Incremental Frequent Pattern Tree (IFP-Tree) is to suit for continuously growing web log, based on association rule mining with incremental technique. IFP-Tree is to store user-specific browsing path information in a condensed way. The algorithm is more efficient as it avoids the generation of candidates, reduces the number of scans and allows interactive mining with different supports. The experimental results that prove this claim are given in the present paper.
Molecular Characterization of an Interleukin-4-inducing Factor from Schistosoma mansoni Eggs*

The eggs of the parasitic trematodeSchistosoma mansoni are powerful inducers of a T helper type 2 (Th2) immune response and immunoglobulin E (IgE) production.S. mansoni egg extract (SmEA) stimulates human basophils to rapidly release large amounts of interleukin (IL)-4, the key promoter of a Th2 response. Here we show purification and sequence of the IL-4-inducing principle of S. mansoni eggs (IPSE). Stimulation studies with human basophils using SmEA fractions and natural and recombinant IPSE as well as neutralization and immunodepletion studies using antibodies to recombinant IPSE demonstrate that IPSE is the bioactive principle in SmEA leading to activation of basophils and to expression of IL-4 and IL-13. Regarding the mechanism of action, blot analysis showed that IPSE is an IgE-binding factor, suggesting that it becomes effective via cross-linking receptor-bound IgE on basophils. Immunohistology revealed that IPSE is enriched in and secreted from the subshell area of the schistosome egg. We conclude from these data that IPSE may be an important parasite-derived component for skewing the immune response toward Th2.
Genetic assessment of connectivity among marine populations

Geographical surveys of genetic variation provide an indirect means of tracing movements made between marine populations by larvae and other propagules. Genetic markers can provide strong evidence that populations are closed (self-recruiting) because genetic differentiation is highly sensitive to migration. However, inferences based on genetic data must necessarily be based on models that make assumptions concerning inheritance, selective neutrality of markers, and equilibrium between genetic drift, migration, and mutation. We briefly introduce the types of genetic markers that can be used to infer demographic connections between populations and the forces causing evolutionary changes in these markers, and then we outline six patterns revealed by geographic surveys of genetic markers in marine species. Four of these patterns represent the possible combinations of high or low migration rates and large or small effective population sizes; two others are due to history and natural selection. Future genetic surveys should include more detailed spatial and temporal sampling and employ analyses of DNA sequence data that can reveal the signatures of natural selection and historical changes. Given the vast size of the ocean and the small size of most marine propagules, determining whether propagules settle away from their natal site or close to their parents can be a daunting task. Successful migrants should leave a genetic trail of their movements, offering an indirect means of estimating population connectivity. Genes are also recombined and passed through multiple generations, however, so the genotype of a larva cannot indicate its origin in the same direct way as a physical tag (Hedgecock, 1994a). Instead, the geographic distribution of genetic markers must be interpreted using population genetic models (Neigel, 1997; Waples, 1998). Clear interpretation of population genetic data, then, requires understanding and acknowledging the powers and pitfalls of these models. Here, we summarize how geographic patterns of genetic variation can be used to estimate the degree to which marine populations are closed or open. Our intended audience is the marine biologist who is new to genetic approaches to population biology; more detailed reviews can be found in Palumbi (1994) and Grosberg and Cunningham (2001). We begin by briefly categorizing the types of genetic markers that can be employed as population markers, the forces affecting their evolution, and the general models of population genetic structure that provide the framework for the interpretation of data. Next, we outline six patterns seen repeatedly in geographic surveys of genetic variation among marine populations, along with examples and possible underlying mechanisms for each. Finally, we discuss instances where patterns appear to conflict and point to future research that might both resolve these conflicts, and provide greater insights into the degree of connection between marine populations.
The Making of the Inclusive School

Part I:Inclusion in Schools 1.Inclusive Education: The Ideals and the practice 2.Using Support in Inclusive Classrooms 3.Curricular Inclusion 4.Supportive Classroom Environments for Social Inclusion 5.Inclusion and the Physical Environment of the School 6.Self-Advocacy and Inclusion Part II:From Special Schools to Inclusion Services 7.Researching Inclusion, and Methods Used in This Research 8.The Place and the People 9.The Process of Change 10.Have Children Been Included in the Curriculum? 11.Social Inclusion 12.Overview and Conclusions
A Novel Inversion Method for a Fuzzy Model Based Controller

This paper presents an approximate analytical inversion method for controller design using the mathematical description of the fuzzy system. The analytical inversion makes it easier to implement. The results of the proposed inversion method are compared with other methods as applied to a benchmark problem. The simulation results show that the new inversion method is better than other compared inversion techniques. The robustness and disturbance rejection characteristics are also investigated.
Semicustom Design Methodology of Power Gated Circuits for Low Leakage Applications

The application of power gating to cell-based semi- custom design typically calls for customized cell libraries, which incurs substantial engineering efforts. In this brief, a semicustom design methodology for power gated circuits that allows unmodified conventional standard-cell elements is proposed. In particular, a new power network architecture is proposed for cell-based power gating circuits. The impact of body bias on current switch design and the layout method of current switch for flexible placement are investigated. The circuit elements that supplement cell-based power gating design are then discussed, including output interface circuits and state retention flip-flops. The proposed methodology is applied to ISCAS benchmark circuits and to a commercial Viterbi decoder with 0.18-mum CMOS technology.
A Monte Carlo study of deconvolution algorithms for partial volume correction in quantitative PET

In this study, we evaluated several deconvolution methods for partial volume (PV) correction within dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) brain imaging and compared their performance with a PV correction method based on structural imaging. The motivation for this study stemmed from the errors in structural imaging based PV correction that are caused by magnetic resonance (MR) image segmentation and MR-PET registration inaccuracies. The studied deconvolution methods included variants of the iterative Richardson-Lucy deconvolution, variants of the reblurred Van Cittert deconvolution and the linear Wiener deconvolution. Our material consisted of a database of 16 Monte Carlo simulated dynamic 11C-Raclopride images with the same underlying physiology but differing underlying anatomy. We compared the binding potential (BP) values in putamen and caudate resulting from differing PV correction methods to the values computed based on the ground truth time activity curves (TACs). In addition, root mean square errors between TACs extracted from deconvolved images and the ground truth TACs were computed. The iterative deconvolution approaches featured better performance than the linear one. As expected, MR based PV correction under ideal conditions (perfect MR-PET registration and MR image segmentation) yielded more accurate quantification than the deconvolution based methods. However, the iterative deconvolution methods clearly improved the quantitative accuracy of computed physiological parameters (BP) as compared to the case of no PV correction. As variants of the reblurred Van Cittert deconvolution resulted in a lower anatomy-induced variance to the BP values, we consider them to be more interesting than Richardson-Lucy type deconvolution methods.
The anomalous Cepheid XZ Ceti

School of Physics A28, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaReceived / AcceptedABSTRACTAims. XZ Ceti is the only known anomalous Cepheid in the Galactic ﬁeld. Being the nearest and brightest such variable star,a detailed study of XZ Ceti may shed light on the behaviour of anomalous Cepheids whose representatives have been mostlydetected in external galaxies.Methods. CCD photometric and radial velocity observations have been obtained. The actual period and amplitude of pulsationwere determined by Fourier analysis. The long time scale behaviour of the pulsation period was studied by the method of theO −C diagram using the archival Harvard photographic plates and published photometric data.Results. XZ Ceti diﬀers from the ordinary classical Cepheids in several respects. Its most peculiar feature is cycle-to-cyclevariability of the light curve. The radial velocity phase curve is not stable either. The pulsation period is subjected to strongchanges on various time scales including a very short one. The ratio of amplitudes determined from the photometric and radialvelocity observations indicates that this Cepheid performs an overtone pulsation, in accord with the other known anomalousCepheid in our Galaxy, BL Boo (V19 in the globular cluster NGC 5466). Conclusions. Continued observations are necessary to study the deviations from regularity, to determine their time scale, as wellas to conﬁrm binarity of XZ Ceti and to study its role in the observed peculiar behaviour.Key words. Cepheids – Stars: evolution – Stars: individual: XZ Cet – Stars: individual: BL Boo – binaries: spectroscopic
Semi-Distributed Vacuuming Model on Temporal Database (SDVMT)

Temporal database is one of the most common types of databases. Portfolio management, accounting, storage, treatment management systems, aerology systems and scheduling are applications which their data have time references. Temporal nature of data and increasing size of temporal databases due to non-removal data requires presenting a solution to overcome this limitation. In this research, firstly the current model of vacuuming systems are simulated and analyzed. Then the proposed model introduced for vacuuming systems using distribution concepts. This model is simulated in the same conditions with current model. Using experimental results, advantages and disadvantages of both models were investigated. The proposed model is more capable than the current model in answering temporal queries. Its response time to temporal queries is less than the current model. But the proposed model's cost is more than the current model. Considering the possibility of idle resources usage in organizations, these costs can be ignored along with optimize usage of facilities.
Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15) Levels Are Associated with Cardiac and Renal Injury in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting with Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Objective Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) has been identified as a strong marker of cardiovascular disease; however, no data are available concerning the role of GDF-15 in the occurrence of organ dysfunction during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) associated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods Five arterial blood samples were taken sequentially in 34 patients from anesthesia induction (IND) until 24 h after arrival at the intensive care unit (ICU). Plasma levels of GDF-15, follistatin-like 1 (FLST1), myeloperoxidases (MPO), hydroperoxides and plasma antioxidant status (PAS) were measured at each time-point. Markers of cardiac (cardiac-troponin I, cTnI) and renal dysfunction (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, NGAL) and other classical biological factors and clinical data were measured. Results Plasma GDF-15 levels increased gradually during and after surgery, reaching nearly three times the IND levels in the ICU (3,075±284 ng/L vs. 1,061±90 ng/L, p<0.001). Plasma MPO levels increased dramatically during surgery, attaining their highest level after unclamping (UNCLAMP) (49±11 ng/mL vs. 1,679±153 ng/mL, p<0.001) while PAS significantly decreased between IND and UNCLAMP (p<0.05), confirming the high oxidative status induced by this surgical procedure. ICU levels of GDF-15 correlated positively with cTnI and NGAL (p = 0.006 and p = 0.036, respectively), and also with hemoglobin and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Among all the post-operative biomarkers available, only eGFR, NGAL and GDF-15 measured at ICU arrival were significantly associated with the onset of acute kidney injury (AKI). Patients with a EuroSCORE >3 were shown to have higher GDF-15 levels. Conclusions During cardiac surgery associated with CPB, GDF-15 levels increased substantially and were associated with markers of cardiac injury and renal dysfunction.
Sex differences in learning the allocation of social grooming in infant stumptailed macaques

Summary Among primates, the intense mother-infant bond provides offspring with a lengthy period for learning from an experienced and reliable demonstrator. Since adult life differs for females and males, the expertise of mother may not be equally useful to both sexes of infant, particularly with regard to social relationships. Here, we report on differences between infant female and male stumptailed macaques in learning how to allocate social grooming, using their mothers as demonstrators. Infant females were significantly more socially precocious than males, starting at early ages to groom mothers. Throughout their first year of life, daughters showed more instances of mirroring mothers’ behaviour than sons did. In addition, while grooming on their own, grooming durations of daughters to specific partners was significantly concordant with time devoted by mothers to such recipients. We suggest that daughters learn from their mothers how to distribute grooming amongst social companions, while sons primarily use mother as a secure platform to initiate socializing. These results lend support to the idea that mirroring equates with learning and leads to reinforcement of innate propensities for gender roles in primates.
Deep Coherent Ray Tracing

Tracing secondary rays, such as reflection, refraction and shadow rays, can often be the most costly step in a modern real-time ray tracer. In this paper, we examine this problem by using suitable ray coherence measures and present a thorough evaluation of different reordering heuristics for secondary rays. We also present a simple system design for more coherent scene traversal by caching secondary rays and using sorted packet-tracing. Although the results are only slightly incremental to current research, we believe this study is an interesting contribution for further research in the field.
Identifying Optimal IT Portfolios to Promote Healthcare Quality

Healthcare organizations continue to make large investments in health information technology to improve quality of care and lower costs. Therefore, there is an evergrowing need to have an ever-clearer understanding of how IT investments impact these organizations. In this paper, we present an extensive review of literature on the impact of health information technology on quality. We identify a research gap where past studies have explored the impact of individual technologies or aggregate all technologies based on overall investment, but do not explore the impact of specific portfolios of information technology and their synergistic effects on healthcare quality. Based on the past studies on portfolio theory, we then develop an approach for identifying such optimal portfolios and exploring the presence of such synergistic effects among the components of the portfolio. We then present preliminary results to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.