Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ontology based fuzzy query execution

Database engineering has been progressed up to the Relational database stage. Fuzzy information administration in databases is a complex process in view of adaptable information nature and heterogeneous database frameworks. Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) can just handle fresh information but cannot handle precise data information. Structured Query Language (SQL) is a very powerful tool but can handle data which is crisp and precise in nature. It is not able to fulfill the requirements for information which is indeterminate, uncertain, inapplicable and imprecise and vague in nature. The goal of this work is to use Fuzzy technique in RDBMS. But, Fuzzy Relational Database Management System (FRDB) requires complex data structures, in most cases, are dependent on the platform in which they are implemented. A solution that involves representing an FRDB using an Ontology as an interface has been defined to overcome this problem. A new Fuzzy Query Ontology is proposed in this dissertation with implementation. The implementation layer, which is responsible for parsing and translating user requests into the corresponding DB implementations in transparent, is required to establish communication between the Ontology and the relational databases management system (RDBMS). This ontology defines a framework for storing fuzzy data by defining those using classes, slots, and instances. An Ontology is an explicit and formal specification of a conceptualization. Ontologies provides a shared understanding of a domain which allows interoperability between semantics.
Protectors or puritans? Responses to media articles about the health effects of e-cigarettes

Abstract Background: As the use of e-cigarettes has increased globally, so has the debate about their safety and how they should be regulated. A primary source of information available to the public about the health effects of vaping are media articles, but it is unknown how the public might interpret and use media messaging to form or justify their positions on the regulation of vaping. This study analysed public comments on online media articles to investigate how contested claims about the health effects of e-cigarettes might influence the way people conceptualise the risks and benefits of vaping products, and their opinions on how they should be regulated. Methods: Thematic analysis of 424 online comments on two New York Times articles about vaping. Results: When responding to media articles about the health effects of e-cigarettes, there was significant public debate about what constituted “adequate” evidence on harms. Concerns about the health risks of vaping often centred on pre-existing beliefs about the addictiveness and toxicity of nicotine and “chemicals”, as opposed to scientific information presented in the media article. Claims about conflicts of interests among stakeholders referenced in the media articles were very common. Conclusions: Mixed messages in health communications about e-cigarettes are reflected in public debates. Consistent and accurate messaging about the health effects of nicotine, and the continuum of harm of nicotine products, is needed for people to make informed choices about nicotine products.
Who Contributes to Charitable Organizations

The purpose of the study was to learn which factors predict who will make charitable contributions and the relative importance of these factors. The results of logistic regression showed that volunteering was the most important predictor. This supports the social responsibility norm which prescribes that help should be given to needy people even if they cannot reciprocate. Income was the second most important predictor of making charitable contributions. High income individuals might have l ~~_ considered both the costs and benefits of contributing to charitable organizations.
Living with Environmental Change Pilot Review Scheme Objective B Scoping Study

This report reflects the views of the project team and is not those of LWEC and its partners. A bibliographic analysis has been undertaken to find out whether it is possible on the basis of current knowledge, to estimate either in physical or monetary terms the cost of maintaining the ecosystem functions that underpin to people's well-being. The investigation also considered whether the full costs of maintaining ecosystem services can be represented within an environmental accounting framework. These are clearly complex and wide-ranging issues, and so to make progress the work adopted the evidence-approach to systematic review widely in the area of conservation and management. Using two widely available internet search engines, the volume and content of the relevant peer-reviewed literature was investigated. The analysis sought to identify published materials that considered the impact of loss of ecological functioning (supporting services) on ecosystem resilience or maintenance. The scope of the analysis and search strategy was tested using expert opinion. This process confirmed that the questions posed by the study both important and topical, and that the results could contribute to the current discussions that surround the issues of ecosystem accounting, ecosystem services and resilience. However, when undertaking the bibliographic study it was found that unlike work in the area of evidence-based conservation, where tightly specified review questions can be constructed, the general the subject matter of this study meant that a wide range of papers were identified; many had limited relevance to the core ideas that needed to be considered. Since the initial bibliographic analysis identified a large and diffuse body of literature, subsequent effort turned to finding ways of narrowing the search to select only the most relevant materials. Thus the analysis was focused around three more specific issues: • Can resilience be measured in terms of levels of ecological functioning (output of supporting services)? • Can minimum levels of ecological functioning be used to define ecological thresholds and limits for service? • Is it possible to calculate the costs (in physical or monetary terms) of maintaining the minimum levels of ecological functioning required to sustain ecosystem resilience? Separate search protocols were developed to investigate each of them in turn. The results were consolidated into a single EndNote library; duplicates, non-English publications and materials other than journal articles were eliminated. The resulting resource contained 659 records. Using the resource created a pilot qualitative review was undertaken and the outcomes …
A Study on Relationship between Analysts' Earnings Forecasts Accuracy and Recommendations Investment Value

From a firm-year perspective, sorting all analysts issuing forecasts for a firm into quartiles, with analysts' forecasts samples exceeding 7700 and stock rating samples exceeding 21000, this paper tests relationship between analysts' earnings forecasts accuracy and recommendations investment value by computing the characteristics and daily returns of the long and short portfolio of each quartile. The results show that there is no strictly positive correlation between forecast accuracy and recommendation profitability. It is also found that superior earnings forecasts does not certainly facilitate superior investment recommendations. In the long portfolios, the third quartile reported highest daily abnormal four-factor adjusted return, which is 0.081%. But it has little difference with the first quartile. The lowest daily abnormal four-factor adjusted return is reported in the second quartile, which is only 0.016%.
Secure "selecticast" for collaborative intrusion detection systems

The problem domain of Collaborative Intrusion Detection Systems (CIDS) introduces distinctive data routing challenges, which we show are solvable through a sufficiently flexible publish-subscribe system. CIDS share intrusion detection data among organizations, usually to predict impending attacks earlier and more accurately, e.g., from Internet worms that tend to attack many sites at once. CIDS participants collect lists of suspect IP addresses, and want to be notified if others are suspicious of the same addresses. The matching must be done efficiently and anonymously, as most organizations are reluctant to share potentially revealing information about their networks. Alerts regarding external probes should only be visible to other CIDS participants experiencing probes from the same source(s). We term this type of simultaneous publish/subscribe “selecticast. ” We present a potential solution using the secure Bloom filter data structure propagated over the MEET publishsubscribe framework.
β-glucan Exposure on the Fungal Cell Wall Tightly Correlates with Competitive Fitness of Candida Species in the Mouse Gastrointestinal Tract

Candida albicans is responsible for ~400,000 systemic fungal infections annually, with an associated mortality rate of 46–75%. The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract represents the largest natural reservoir of Candida species and is a major source of systemic fungal infections. However, the factors that control GI colonization by Candida species are not completely understood. We hypothesized that the fungal cell wall would play an important role in determining the competitive fitness of Candida species in the mammalian GI tract. To test this hypothesis, we generated a systematic collection of isogenic C. albicans cell wall mutants and measured their fitness in the mouse GI tract via quantitative competition assays. Whereas a large variation in competitive fitness was found among mutants, no correlation was observed between GI fitness and total levels of individual cell wall components. Similar results were obtained in a set of distantly-related Candida species, suggesting that total amounts of individual cell wall components do not determine the ability of fungi to colonize the GI tract. We then subjected this collection of Candida strains and species to an extensive quantitative phenotypic profiling in search for features that might be responsible for their differences in GI fitness, but found no association with the ability to grow in GI-mimicking and stressful environments or with in vitro and in vivo virulence. The most significant association with GI fitness was found to be the strength of signaling through the Dectin-1 receptor. Using a quantitative assay to measure the amount of exposed β-glucan on the surface of fungal cells, we found this parameter, unlike total β-glucan levels, to be strongly predictive of competitive fitness in the mouse GI tract. These data suggest that fungal cell wall architecture, more so than its crude composition, critically determines the ability of fungi to colonize the mammalian GI tract. In particular, recognition of exposed β-glucan by Dectin-1 receptor appears to severely limit Candida GI fitness and hence represents a promising target to reduce fungal colonization in patients at risks of systemic candidiasis.
A Gravity Model Approach To Analyzing The Trade Performance Of Caricom Member States

This study examines the trade flows in commodities for CARICOM countries through the utilization of the traditional gravity model for international trade. Per capita GDP differential, trade to GDP and language all impact trade positively. On the other hand, geographical distance, exchange rate and unexpectedly, historical trade relationships have negative effects on trade. The results suggest that management of the exchange rate is critical and that CARICOM countries may be served better by trading with countries with higher living standards.
Characterization of Domain-Peptide Interaction Interface

Extensive efforts have been devoted to determining the binding specificity of Src homology 3 (SH3) domains usually in a case-by-case manner. A generic structure-based model is necessary to decipher the protein recognition code of the entire domain family. In this study, we have developed a general framework that combines molecular modeling and a machine learning algorithm to capture the energetic characteristics of the domain-peptide interactions and predict the binding specificity of the SH3 domain family. Our model is not trained for individual SH3 domains; rather it is a generic model for the entire domain family. Our model not only achieved satisfactory prediction accuracy but also provided structural insights into which residues are important for the binding specificity. The success of our framework on SH3 domains suggests that it is possible to establish a theoretical model to decipher the protein recognition code of any modular domain.
The International Scientific and Practical Conference "Contemporary Issues of Economic Development of Russia: Challenges and Opportunities" METALANGUAGE OF THE CULTURE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP DURING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM SHIFT

Being based on the study of the key concepts of metalanguage, the article identifies the culturally conditioned tendency of entrepreneurial activity in industrial and digital paradigm of economic development. Metalanguage as a product of collective wisdom and accumulated knowledge does not appear spontaneously, it emerges either ontologically in the form of metaphorical images of the naïve picture of the world, or as a result of radical change in the grasp of reality. The study of metalinguistic elements of the culture of entrepreneurship reveals the deep concepts and ideas that guide entrepreneurial activity. The analysis of the metalanguage of entrepreneurial culture conducted in this study shows the correlation of the mindset and work methods, ensuring entrepreneurial success in socially acceptable framework to the worldview of the era, to the key notions of understanding of reality. The analysis of the key notions of the metalanguage of entrepreneurial culture demonstrates that the economic development paradigm shift, which started in the beginning of the 21 century, meaning the transition to networking, constant adjustment and refinement of strategic tasks with the help of digital technology under uncertainty and risk, reflects some changes in models of perception and practical actions of entrepreneurs, rather than transformation of the root idea of modernisation – that is gaining dominance by means of “creative destruction”. © 2019 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy. org.UK
The Economics of Staging the Olympics: A Comparison of the Games, 1972-2008

The Olympic Games is a unique event centering global interest on its host city. The financing of the Games has changed dramatically since Munich (1972) and economic interests and effects are increasingly paramount. It is therefore an anomaly that accurate economic analysis and comparison is not readily available. This is the most detailed study on the economic implications of recent and future Olympic Games over four decades.
Practice ahead of theory: instrumental variables, natural experiments and inductivism in econometrics

This paper argues that the field of econometrics divides into camps of sinners and preachers. Specifically, I look at two sins condemned by the preachers: the making of causal background assumptions when identifying parameters for estimation and the estimation of parameters that have no or little theoretical significance. I argue that practitioners in the natural experiments literature happily commit these sins and that this is for the good of the discipline.
Gate-level Synthesis of Boolean Functions using Information Theory Concepts

In this paper we apply information theory concepts to evolutionary Boolean circuit synthesis. We discuss the schema destruction problem when simple conditional entropy is used as fitness function. The design problem is the synthesis of Boolean functions by using the minimum number of binary multiplexers. We show that the fitness landscape of normalized mutual information exhibits better characteristics for evolutionary search than the landscape of simple mutual information. A comparison of minimum evolved circuits shows the potential of information theory concepts.
Functional Stability of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the main inhibitor of plasminogen activators, such as tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA), and a major regulator of the fibrinolytic system. PAI-1 plays a pivotal role in acute thrombotic events such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and myocardial infarction (MI). The biological effects of PAI-1 extend far beyond thrombosis including its critical role in fibrotic disorders, atherosclerosis, renal and pulmonary fibrosis, type-2 diabetes, and cancer. The conversion of PAI-1 from the active to the latent conformation appears to be unique among serpins in that it occurs spontaneously at a relatively rapid rate. Latency transition is believed to represent a regulatory mechanism, reducing the risk of thrombosis from a prolonged antifibrinolytic action of PAI-1. Thus, relying solely on plasma concentrations of PAI-1 without assessing its function may be misleading in interpreting the role of PAI-1 in many complex diseases. Environmental conditions, interaction with other proteins, mutations, and glycosylation are the main factors that have a significant impact on the stability of the PAI-1 structure. This review provides an overview on the current knowledge on PAI-1 especially importance of PAI-1 level and stability and highlights the potential use of PAI-1 inhibitors for treating cardiovascular disease.
Modelling compound intonation in Dala and Gotland

As part of our work within the SIMULEKT project, we are modelling compound word intonation in regional varieties of Swedish. The focus of this paper is on the Gotland and Dala varieties of Swedish and the current version of SWING (SWedish INtonation Generator). We examined productions by 75 speakers of the compound mobiltelefonen ‘the mobile phone’. Based on our findings for pitch patterns in compounds we argue for a possible division into three dialect regions: 1) Gotland: a high upstepped pitch plateau, 2) Dala-Bergslagen: a high regular pitch plateau, and 3) Upper Dalarna: a single pitch peak in connection with the primary stress of the compound. The SWING tool was used to model and simulate compounds in the three intonational varieties. Future work includes perceptual testing to see if listeners are able to identify a speaker as belonging to the Gotland, Dala-Bergslagen or Upper Dalarna regions, depending on the pitch shape of the compound.
An Asymmetric , Semi-adaptive Text Compression Algorithm

A new heuristic for text compression via digram replacement and a new, fast entropy coding method are described and implementation results are presented. The resulting compression algorithm is asymmetric in the sense that compression requires much time and memory, but decompression is fast and requires little memory. Compression ratios achieved are competitive with gzip for a standard corpus of texts, and better for large files. Finally, since the algorithm is semi-adaptive, random access into the compressed file is available without decompressing the whole file. Thus, the algorithm is well suited to applications for which expensive compression of large files is acceptable but decompression must be inexpensive, and high compression ratios or random access into the compressed file are required.
Estimating and Interpreting Zero Coupon and Forward Rates: Australia, 1992-2001

This paper presents estimates of zero coupon yield curve of Australian treasuries. Pure discount bonds and implied forward rates, although not available for the entire yield curve, are extremely useful for pricing, modelling and analyzing financial securities, hence, the need to extract the theoretical yield curve from noisy prices observed in the market place. Two popular models for curve fitting: the Nelson-Siegel and Svensson model, together with two specifications are adopted for estimating zero coupon and forward yield rates. The six parameter Svensson's model outperforms the more parsimonious Nelson-Siegel four parameter functional form. A structural break is detected in the zero coupon time series in the test period.
Improving the Accuracy of Non-task fMRI Analysis by Quantifying Spatiotemporal Processing Induced Correlations

Non-task fMRI has become one of the most popular noninvasive areas of brain mapping research for neuroscientists. In non-task fMRI, various sources of “noise” corrupt the measured blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal. Many studies have aimed to attenuate the noise in reconstructed voxel measurements through spatial and temporal processing operations. While these solutions make the data more “appealing,” many commonly used processing operations induce artificial correlations in the acquired data. As such, it becomes increasingly more difficult to derive the true underlying covariance structure once the data has been processed. As the goal of non-task fMRI studies is to determine, utilize and analyze the true covariance structure of acquired data, such processing can lead to inaccurate and misleading conclusions drawn from the data if they are unaccounted for in the final connectivity analysis. In this manuscript, we develop a framework that represents the spatiotemporal processing and reconstruction operations as linear operators, providing a means of precisely quantifying the correlations induced or modified by such processing rather than by performing lengthy Monte Carlo simulations. A framework of this kind allows one to appropriately model the statistical properties of the processed data, optimize the data processing pipeline, characterize excessive processing, and draw more accurate functional connectivity conclusions.
The Epidemiology of Myasthenia Gravis in Korea

Purpose An epidemiological study of myasthenia gravis (MG) has not been performed in Korea. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and incidence of MG in Korea. Materials and Methods Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) data from 2010 to 2014 were searched for MG codes as defined by the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision. After identifying MG cases, we estimated the prevalence and annual incidence of MG based on the HIRA database and Korean population data. Results During the study period, 10138 MG cases were identified. The prevalence of MG was 10.42 cases per 100000 people in 2010 and this increased every year to 12.99 cases per 100000 people in 2014. The average incidence of MG between 2011 and 2014 was 0.69 cases per 100000 person-years. The prevalence and incidence were higher in the older (≥50 years) age group than in the younger (<50 years) age group [prevalence: 9.26 vs. 19.24 per 100000, relative risk 2.077, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.976-2.183, p<0.001; incidence: 0.47 vs. 1.18 per 100000, relative risk 2.490, 95% CI 2.006-3.091, p<0.001]. Conclusion This study was the first nationwide population-based epidemiological study of MG in Korea. The prevalence and incidence of MG were consistent with those of previous studies. We found an increase in the prevalence of MG and a predominance of elderly MG patients.