Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sero-surveillance Infectious Bovine rhinotracheitis in Ruminants and assessment the associated risk factors

Keywords Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), is a contagious disease in cattle. Bovine Herpes Virus- 1 (BoHV-1) is one of the most common viral infections in cattle throughout the world. It's highly contagious and most commonly found in cattle herds. During the year 2021, a cross- sectional study was conducted to assess seroprevalence and risk factors related to bovine herpesvirus-1. A total of 300 serum samples were collected from cattle raising in three governorates in the Nile Delta region of Egypt and examined using a commercial ELISA kit. The seroprevalence rate of BoHV-1 infection was 30.67%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the BoHV-1 infection is strongly associated with the species of animal, age, contact with small ruminants, and herd size. However, locality, sex, and purpose of herd showed non significant effect of prevalence of infection. This study confirmed the presence of BoHV-1 in Egypt as an endemic disease in dairy and fattening herds and the application of an efficient control program is necessary to control the disease.
Speech input for dysarthric users

One practical aim of this research is to determine how best to use speech recognition techniques for augmenting the communication abilities of dysarthric speakers. As a first step toward this goal, the following kinds of analyses and tests have been performed on words produced by several dysarthric speakers: a closed‐set intelligibility test based on Kent et al. [J. Speech Hear. Disord. 54, 482–499 (1989)]; an open intelligibility test; critical listening and transcription; acoustic analysis of selected utterances; and an evaluation of the recognition of words by a commercial speech recognizer. The data from one speaker have been examined in detail. The analysis and testing have led to several conclusions concerning the control of the articulators for this speaker: production of obstruent consonants was a particular problem (only 30% of syllable‐initial obstruents were produced with no error), whereas sonorant consonants were less of a problem (70% correct). Of the obstruent errors, most were voicing errors, but place errors for alveolars (particularly fricatives) were also high, and these consonants were produced inconsistently, as inferred from acoustic analysis and from low scores from the recognizer for words with these consonants. In comparison, vowel errors were less prevalent. Implications for the use of a speech recognizer for augmenting this speaker’s communication abilities are discussed.
NUMERICAL EVALUATION OF NONLINEAR EFFECTS ON THE ATTENUATION CONSTANT IN HTS TRANSMISSION LINES BY USING AN ENHANCED TWO-FLUID MODEL

In this paper, superconducting transmission lines are analyzed by means of a numerical method which takes into account the experimentally-verified numerical dependence to the magnetic field. In particular, in the framework of the classical electro-dynamics, the high-temperature superconducting material is described by recurring to an enhanced two-fluid model. Striplines and microstrip lines are considered and the attenuation constants of these guiding structures are computed by assuming quadratic and cubic nonlinearities.
Chemical bonding in crystals: new directions

Abstract Analysis of the chemical bonding in the position space, instead of or besides that in the wave function (Hilbert) orbital space, has become increasingly popular for crystalline systems in the past decade. The two most frequently used investigative tools, the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules and Crystal (QTAIMAC) and the Electron Localization Function (ELF) are thoroughly discussed. The treatment is focussed on the topological peculiarities that necessarily arise from the periodicity of the crystal lattice and on those facets of the two tools that have been more debated, especially when these tools are applied to the condensed phase. In particular, in the case of QTAIMAC, the physical and chemical significance of the bond paths for the very weak or the supposedly repulsive interactions, the distinctive features and the appropriateness of the several schemes that have been proposed to classify chemical bonds, and, finally, the relative importance of the local and integrated electron density properties for describing intermolecular interactions. In the case of the ELF, particular attention is devoted to how this function is formulated and to the related physical meaning, and to how can the ELF be chemically interpreted and properly analysed in crystals. Several examples are reported to illustrate all these points and for critically examine the answers obtained and the problems encountered. The discussed examples encompass the case of molecular crystals, Zintl phases, intermetallic compounds, metals, supported and unsupported metal-metal bonds in organometallics, ionic solids, crystal surfaces, crystal defects, etc. Whenever possible joint ELF and QTAIMAC studies are considered, with particular emphasis on the comparison of the bond description afforded by the ELF and the Laplacian of the electron density. Two recently proposed functions, the Localized Orbital Locator (LOL) and the Source Function in its integrated or local form are also presented, in view of their potential interest for stud ies of chemical bonding in crystals. The use of approximated ELF and LOL, as derived from the density functional form of the positive kinetic energy density, is also discussed.
Prediction of a Container Ship Squat in Suez Canal Using CFD

Minor grounding or contact accidents may occur from time to time in Suez Canal. However, in March 2021, the economic ramifications of a critical grounding resounded around the world and were still felt after the Ever-Given container ship was freed from the banks. The results of a computational investigation of a ship cruising through Suez Canal are presented in this study, and hopefully can be utilized to foresee and prevent future ship's squat and bank effects throughout the determination of proper trim. The KRISO Container Ship (KCS) was picked as the example vessel for this investigation, carried out through the commercial code STAR-CCM+, and representing a comprehensive CFD analysis of such an event. The governing equations are expressed in integral form by the finite-volume based solver STAR-CCM+. The CFD investigation is performed by utilizing a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver, a k-ε turbulence model and the Volume of Fluid (VOF) approach. The CFD model is validated based on the ships' experimental data. The investigation empowers shipmasters and marine pilots to comprehend the effects of squat thus avoiding ship accidents when going through Suez Canal.
A METHOD TO DETERMINE THE MASS FLOW TO RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS

To establish the mass flow to a reciprocating compressor there are several relationships used in the construction and analysis of these types of compressors. The use of relationships is based on the geometric elements of the compressor. It is also necessary to know the composition of the gas and the operating conditions with which: the adiabatic exponent, the volumetric efficiencies and the compressibility factor are determined. The paper aims to establish the compressor mass flow with the help of modern means. The modeling was done in the LMS Amesim program. We use elements from the library of program to create a virtual model of the compression system. A comparison is made with the results obtained by the classical methods. The results show that there are no big differences between the values of the mass flow obtained through the usual relations and those obtained based on the realized model, that includes the main elements necessary for a precise calculation. However, the proposed method opens a wider horizon of understanding of the compression system through direct correspondence with the real model and the graphical possibilities of displaying the time variation of the system characteristics.
Separation axioms in topological preordered spaces and the existence of continuous order-preserving functions

We characterize the existence of a real continuous order-preserving function on a topological preordered space, under the hypotheses that the topological space is normal and the preorder satisfies a strong continuity assumption, called IC-continuity. Under the same continuity assumption concerning the preorder, we present a sufficient condition for the existence of a continuous order-preserving function in case that the topological space is completely regular.
A standardized method to study immune responses using porcine whole blood

Background Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are commonly used to assess in vitro immune responses. However, PBMC isolation is a time-consuming procedure, introduces technical variability, and requires a relatively large volume of blood. By contrast, whole blood assay (WBA) is faster, cheaper, maintains more physiological conditions, and requires less sample volume, laboratory training, and equipment. Objectives Herein, this study aimed to develop a porcine WBA for in vitro evaluation of immune responses. Methods Heparinized whole blood (WB) was diluted (non-diluted, 1/2, 1/8, and 1/16) in RPMI-1640 media, followed by phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin. After 24 h, cells were stained for interferon (IFN)-γ secreting T-cells followed by flow cytometry, and the supernatant was analyzed for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. In addition, diluted WB was stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), reference strain KCTC3557 (RS), field isolate (FI), of heat-killed (HK) Streptococcus suis, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Results The frequency of IFN-γ+CD3+ T-cells and concentration of TNF-α in the supernatant of WB increased with increasing dilution factor and were optimal at 1/8. WB TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-10 cytokine levels increased significantly following stimulation with LPS or poly I:C. Further, FI and RS induced IL-10 production in WB. Additionally, PRRSV strains increased the frequency of IFN-γ+CD4-CD8+ cells, and IFN-γ was non-significantly induced in the supernatant of re-stimulated samples. Conclusions We propose that the WBA is a rapid, reliable, and simple method to evaluate immune responses and WB should be diluted to trigger immune cells.
Measurement of the transition probability of the C III 190.9 nanometer intersystem line

A radio-frequency ion trap has been used to store C 2+ ions created by electron bombardment of CO. The transition probability for the 2s2p 3 P 1 0 −2s 2 1 S 0 intersystem line of C III has been measured by recording the radiative decay at 190.9 nm. The measured A-value is 121. ±7 s −1 and agrees, within mutual uncertainty limits, with that of Laughlin, Constantinides, & Victor (1978), but is 20% larger than that of Nussbaumer & Storey (1978). The effective collision mixing rate coefficient among the fine structure levels of 3 P 0 and the combined quenching and charge transfer rate coefficients out of the 3 P 1 0 level with the CO source gas have also been measured
One-Way Layout for Counts and the Exact Enumeration of the Kruskal-Wallis H Distribution with Ties

Abstract In a one-way layout situation in which the observations are counts corresponding to ordered categories, the attractive H test of Kruskal and Wallis is recommended. Because of the large number of ties, the variance-covariance correction factor for the chi-squared approximation is inaccurate in small samples, with approximate significance levels varying between overly conservative and overly optimistic values depending upon the tie configuration and the outcome. To overcome this problem, a computer algorithm and program are developed which calculate the exact small sample distribution. In addition, an exact Scheffe-type method of multiple comparisons is given.
Mechanisms of low‐grazing‐angle scattering from spilling breaker water waves

The low‐grazing‐angle electromagnetic scattering from spilling breaker water waves has been examined using a numerical approach. A moment‐method‐based electromagnetic technique was used to find the instantaneous scattering from the crests of breakers generated mechanically in a wave tank in the absence of wind. A high‐speed imaging system carried on an instrument carriage traveling at the phase velocity of the breakers provided continuous measurements of the temporal evolution of the crest shape, in turn allowing a continuous calculation of the microwave backscatter from the crest. As the wave steepens and a bulge forms on the forward face of the crest, horizontal‐to‐vertical polarization backscattering ratios (HH/VV) as high as 0 dB are observed. Greatly reduced ratios are observed after breaking when no steep features remain on the wave. A time‐dependent Fourier analysis identifies “fast” scattering whose Doppler shifts are nearly equal to or greater than the phase velocity of the breaker, and “slow” scattering whose Doppler shifts are consistent with the orbital motion of the breaker. Comparison of the Doppler shifts with the measured wave profiles shows that the fast scattering identified is associated with very steep surface features that give specular (or nearly specular) reflection points on the surface, but the magnitude and HH/VV ratio of the response to a specific steep feature depends upon its electromagnetic size, thus giving a frequency dependence. The slow scattering identified (in the absence of wind) is correlated with the “turbulent scar” that remains after breaking.
A Factor Model Approach to Multiple Testing Under Dependence

The impact of dependence between individual test statistics is currently among the most discussed topics in the multiple testing of high-dimensional data literature, especially since Benjamini and Hochberg (1995) introduced the false discovery rate (FDR). Many papers have first focused on the impact of dependence on the control of the FDR. Some more recent works have investigated approaches that account for common information shared by all the variables to stabilize the distribution of the error rates. Similarly, we propose to model this sharing of information by a factor analysis structure for the conditional variance of the test statistics. It is shown that the variance of the number of false discoveries increases along with the fraction of common variance. Test statistics for general linear contrasts are deduced, taking advantage of the common factor structure to reduce the variance of the error rates. A conditional FDR estimate is proposed and the overall performance of multiple testing procedure is shown to be markedly improved, regarding the nondiscovery rate, with respect to classical procedures. The present methodology is also assessed by comparison with leading multiple testing methods.
Effect of recycled light in two-beam interferometry

We developed a laser interferometer allowing parts per million resolution to be achieved in fringe division for the measurement of the Si (220) lattice spacing by combined x-ray and optical interferometry. With the aim of obtaining 10−9 measurement uncertainty, we pursued the study of a troublesome noise in interferometer operation and eventually identified its origin in a minute interferometer optical feedback. We investigated mathematically the feedback effect and verified predictions experimentally. Imperfect isolation and light recycling having been identified and subsequently experimentally proved, we took remedial steps in order to improve measurement capabilities. This investigation has brought into light and has made it possible to quantify an interferometer noise up to now overlooked.
Views and Experiences of Health Service Users in Greece During 2012–2018

During the period of 2012-2018, a series of reforms took place in the Greek health care system. These reforms focused on both the health expenditure and the efficiency and quality of health services provided. In this qualitative study, we examined whether these improvements were visible to health service users based on their personal experiences with the health care system, using thematic content analysis to evaluate the research data. The results indicated that the reforms did not meet the original objectives in several fields such as primary health care, health expenditure streamlining, health service affordability, and confidence in the health care system and professionals. Further interventions are required to improve the status of the Greek health care system.
O I lines in the Sun and stars. I: Understanding the resonance lines

We reexamine the formation of the O I resonance lines (1302.168, 1304.858, 1306.029 A) in chromospheric models of the Sun and cool stars. We focus on testing excitation mechanisms and understanding the dependence of the emergent spectra on the thermodynamical conditions in chromospheres. Based upon a complete reevaluation of atomic parameters and a sensitivity analysis, we confirm the dominance of the H Lyβ pumping mechanism found in earlier work, but also find important differences.
Impacts of Climate and Tree Morphology on Tree-ring Stable Isotopes in Central Mongolia.

Recent climate extremes in Mongolia have ignited a renewed interest in understanding past climate variability over centennial and longer time scales across north-central Asia. Tree ring-width records have been extensively studied in Mongolia as proxies for climate reconstruction, however, the climate and environmental signals of tree-ring stable isotopes from this region need to be further explored. Here, we evaluated a 182-year record of tree-ring δ13C and δ18O from Siberian Pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) from a xeric site in central Mongolia (Khorgo Lava) to elucidate the environmental factors modulating these parameters. First, we analyzed the climate sensitivity of tree-ring δ13C and δ18O at Khorgo Lava for comparison with ring-width records, which have been instrumental for reconstructing hydroclimate in central Mongolia over two millennia. We also compared stable isotope records of trees with partial cambial dieback ('strip-bark morphology'), a feature of long-lived conifers growing on resource-limited sites, and trees with a full cambium ('whole-bark morphology'), to assess the inferred leaf-level physiological behavior of these trees. We found that interannual variability in tree-ring δ13C and δ18O reflected summer hydroclimatic variability, and captured recent, extreme drought conditions, thereby complementing ring-width records. The tree-ring δ18O records also had a spring temperature signal and thus expanded the window of climate information recorded by these trees. Over longer time scales, strip-bark trees had an increasing trend in ring widths, δ13C (and intrinsic water-use efficiency, iWUE), and δ18O, relative to whole bark trees. Our results suggest that increases in iWUE at this site might be related to a combination of leaf-level physiological responses to increasing atmospheric CO2, recent drought, and stem morphological changes. Our study underscores the potential of stable isotopes for broadening our understanding of past climate in north-central Asia. However, further studies are needed to understand how stem morphological changes might impact stable isotopic trends.
Mutual-Aided INS/Vision Navigation System Analysis and Optimization Using Sequential Filtering with State Recalculation

This paper presents the implementation of a mutual-aided navigation system for an aerial vehicle. Employing all available sensors in navigation is effective at maintaining continuous and optimal results. The images offer a lot of information about the surrounding environment, but image processing is time-consuming and causes timing problems. While traditional fusion algorithms tend to reduce the delay errors or ignore them, this research depends on state estimation recalculation during the delay time and on sequential filtering. To reduce the image matching time, the map is processed offline, then key point clusters are stored to avoid feature recalculation online. The sensors’ information is used to bound the search space for the matched features on the map, then they are reprojected on the captured images to exclude the unuseful part from processing. The suggested mutual-aided form compensates for the inertial system drift, which enhances the system’s accuracy and independence. The system was tested using data collected from a real flight using a DJI drone. The measurements from an inertial measurement unit (IMU), camera, barometer, and magnetometer were fused using a sequential Kalman Filter. The final results prove the efficiency of the suggested system to navigate with high independency, with an RMS position error of less than 3.5 m.
Early аnd Late Wood оf Scots Pine under Conditions of Varying Degrees of Lighting

The condition of pine stands in Polissia is deteriorating due to an increase in the number of outbreaks of sharp-dentated bark beetle (Ips acuminatus) against the background of climate change, therefore, the relevance of this problem is beyond doubt. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the dynamics of late and early Scots pine wood (Pinus Sylvestris L.) in areas with varying degrees of illumination after continuous cutting in the foci of the sharp-dentated bark beetle (Ips acuminatus) in Polissia. Standard dendrochronological, dendroclimatic, and statistical methods are used. It is established that after continuous logging in 2013 in the adjacent areas, on the one hand, there was an increase in the radial growth of pine trees, because the nutrition areas increased and the lighting conditions of trees improved, and on the other hand, trees growing next to the logging area are weakened and have fragile cores, which indicates a loss of wood quality. After cutting, during 2014-2020, the average values of late pine trees of illuminated time trial areas compared to the corresponding values in the control were 43-45%. For early wood, these values ranged from 38-42%. The growth change indices showed, that after the 2013 logging, violations occurred for trees in illuminated temporary trial areas as opposed to the control. The most sensitive to climatic factors were tree-ring chronologies of late wood in the most illuminated trial area. An increase in the sensitivity of the radial growth of pine trees was found depending on the increase in the degree of illumination. The weakening of plantings in the most illuminated area is indicated by the fact that the greatest number of significant relationships between growth and climate were found for the tree-ring chronology of early and late wood, while there was no critical decrease in trends in late and early wood layers. The findings can be used for planning forest management activities
Bulge Formation in Strip Drawing with Light Reductions in Area

This paper presents some theoretical and experimental studies of the phenomenon known as bulge formation, during drawing with light reductions under conditions of plane strain. Experimental observations of the initiation of bulging agree approximately with values predicted by earlier theories. The development of the bulge as drawing proceeds has not hitherto been studied. A simple analysis is presented which predicts the growth and equilibrium height of the bulge and the influence of friction. This is substantiated by measurements with cold-worked aluminium.