Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of broadband GaN doherty power amplifiers

This paper presents a modified Doherty power amplifier (DPA) architecture to release bandwidth limitation of the conventional DPA. The proposed DPA structure eliminates two quarter wavelength impedance inverters used in the conventional DPAs (one is after the output matching network of the carrier amplifier and the other one is before the load of the DPA). Instead, both the carrier and peak amplifiers in the proposed DPA are matched to 70 Ω (1.4*Z0) at the output ports, which enables the easy implementation of broadband matching networks. Broadband input and output matching networks are then designed to achieve wideband Doherty power amplifiers with enhanced performance. To verify the design concept, a broadband microstrip DPA is designed, fabricated, and measured on a Duroid 5880 substrate with 2.2 dielectric constant and 0.787 mm substrate thickness. In the working frequency band (0.8 to 1.2 GHz), the designed DPA provides 50.8% to 78.5% power-added efficiency (PAE) at full output power, 30.3% to 40.1% PAE at 6 dB of output power back-off (OBO), 10.8 to 14.8 dB gain (the gain variation is within 2.6 dB over different input power levels at each specific frequency), and maximum output power between 40.2 and 42.9 dBm.
Building a loose wall structure with a robotic swarm using a spatio-temporal varying template

In this paper, a distributed mechanism used by a robotic swarm to facilitate the building of a loose wall structure is discussed and results presented. The ability of a robotic swarm to utilise a spatio-temporal varying template in construction tasks is verified. The work is seen as a step towards the development of a generalised methodology for collective construction building tasks and establishes a means for the building of more complex structures.
Insect Artifacts Are More than Just Altered Bloodstains

The bases for forensic entomology are that insects and their arthropod relatives can serve as evidence in criminal, medical and civil legal matters. However, some of the very same species that provide utility to legal investigations can also complicate crime scenes by distorting existing body fluid evidence (e.g., bloodstains, semen, saliva) and/or depositing artifacts derived from the insect alimentary canal at primary or secondary crime scenes. The insect contaminants are referred to as insect stains, artifacts, specks or spots, and are most commonly associated with human bloodstains. This review will discuss the different types of insect artifacts that have been described from crime scenes and laboratory experiments, as well as examine insect contaminates (non-blood based artifacts, transfer patterns, meconium, and larval fluids) that have received little research or case attention. Methods currently used for distinguishing insect stains from human body fluids will also be discussed and compared to presumptive tests used for identification of human body fluids. Since all available methods have severe limitations, areas of new research will be identified for the purpose of development of diagnostic techniques for detection of insect artifacts.
A uniformly convergent method for a singularly perturbed semilinear reaction-diffusion problem with multiple solutions

This paper considers a simple central difference scheme for a singularly perturbed semilinear reaction-diffusion problem, which may have multiple solutions. Asymptotic properties of solutions to this problem are discussed and analyzed. To compute accurate approximations to these solutions, we consider a piecewise equidistant mesh of Shishkin type, which contains O(N) points. On such a mesh, we prove existence of a solution to the discretization and show that it is accurate of order N -2 In 2 N, in the discrete maximum norm, where the constant factor in this error estimate is independent of the perturbation parameter e and N. Numerical results are presented that verify this rate of convergence.
Biological Effects of Mammalian Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein (TCTP) on Cell Death, Proliferation, and Tumorigenesis

Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is a highly conserved protein found in eukaryotes, across animal and plant kingdoms and even in yeast. Mammalian TCTP is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and cell types. TCTP is a multifunctional protein which plays important roles in a number of cell physiological events, such as immune responses, cell proliferation, tumorigenicity, and cell death, including apoptosis. Recent identification of TCTP as an antiapoptotic protein has attracted interest of many researchers in the field. The mechanism of antiapoptotic activity, however, has not been solved completely, and TCTP might inhibit other types of cell death. Cell death (including apoptosis) is closely linked to proliferation and tumorigenesis. In this context, we review recent findings regarding the role of TCTP in cell death, proliferation, and tumorigenesis and discuss the mechanisms.
Interference aided energy harvesting in decode-and-forward relaying systems

Wireless energy harvesting is an effective way to prolong the lifetime of wireless networks. In this paper, a novel interference aided energy harvesting scheme is proposed for decode-and-forward relaying systems. In this scheme, the energy-constrained relays harvest energy from the received information signal and co-channel interference (CCI) signals and then use that harvested energy to decode the source signal and forward it to the destination node. A time switching scheme, in which the receiver switches over time between decoding information and harvesting energy, is adopted due to its circuit simplicity and availability. Applying the proposed interference aided energy harvesting approach to a decode-and-forward relaying system with the three-terminal model, the analytical expression of the ergodic capacity is derived in order to determine the achievable throughput at the destination node. Furthermore, the optimal value of the energy harvesting ratio, which maximizes the throughput of the system, is investigated. The CCI signals can provide energy for relay recharging and hence effectively reduce the optimal value of the energy harvesting ratio. Furthermore, by lowering the noise variance or applying some interference cancellation schemes at the information decoder, the utilization of the CCI signals can be enhanced to improve the system performance further.
Creating Capacity and Competition in Broadband Telecommunications: The City of Tacoma's Initiative

This paper describes the process by which the City of Tacoma, Washington came to build an open access, broadband telecommunications system designed to promote effective competition in the provision of Internet and other telecommunications services. The decision by the City's electric utility to build a state-ofthe-art communications system as a strategic response to deregulation in the electric utility industry is detailed. And, the decision to provide open access to the telecommunications system to promote competition in the broadband Internet services market is considered in light of telecommunications deregulation. Tacoma’s open access cable system is analyzed in the context of contestable market theory. The state of broadband Internet competition is described, as is the current regulatory framework.
Brain-inspired modular controller with fuzzy module selection

Human capability in dealing with variant dynamic conditions and performing successive different tasks in usually non-stationary environments, has got the neuroscientists' attention to discover the mechanism of human neural system which performs motion control. One of these studies, suggests a modular structure, MOSAIC, to learn and control variant dynamic conditions by switching multiple modules. In this paper, we present an easy understandable fuzzy mechanism to select appropriate module which is an important problem about the switching, according to the dynamic condition. Although there have been some extensions of original MOSAIC, the previously proposed approaches either result in unstable module switching or exploit biologically unjustifiable probabilistic methods. In addition to the fact that fuzzy approach is greatly compatible with human brain behavior, the simulation results show that fuzzy module selection outperforms the probabilistic approach used in original MOSAIC.
WIGM: Discovery of Subgraph Patterns in a Large Weighted Graph

Many research areas have begun representing massive data sets as very large graphs. Thus, graph mining has been an active research area in recent years. Most of the graph mining research focuses on mining unweighted graphs. However, weighted graphs are actually more common. The weight on an edge may represent the likelihood or logarithmic transformation of likelihood of the existence of the edge or the strength of an edge, which is common in many biological networks. In this paper, a weighted subgraph pattern model is proposed to capture the importance of a subgraph pattern and our aim is to find these patterns in a large weighted graph. Two related problems are studied in this paper: (1) discovering all patterns with respect to a given minimum weight threshold and (2) finding k patterns with the highest weights. The weighted subgraph patterns do not possess the anti-monotonic property and in turn, most of existing subgraph mining methods could not be directly applied. Fortunately, the 1-extension property is identified so that a bounded search can be achieved. A novel weighted graph mining algorithm, namely WIGM, is devised based on the 1-extension property. Last but not least, real and synthetic data sets are used to show the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed models and algorithms.
Monolayer semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenide alloys: Stability and band bowing

expansion method and the special quasi-random structure approach. It is shown that for (S, Se) alloys, there exist stable ordered alloy structures with concentration x equal to 1/3, 1/2, and 2/3, which can be explained by the small lattice mismatch between the constituents and a large additional charge exchange, while no ordered configuration exists for (Se, Te) and (S, Te) alloys at 0K. The calculated phase diagrams indicate that complete miscibility in the alloys can be achieved at moderate temperatures. The bowing in lattice constant for the alloys is quite small, while the bowing in band gap, and more so in band edge positions, is much more significant. By decomposing the formation of alloy into multiple steps, it is found that the band bowing is the joint effect of volume deformation, chemical difference, and a low-dimensionality enhanced structure relaxation. The direct band gaps in these alloys continuously tunable from 1.8eV to 1.0eV, along with the moderate miscibility temperatures, make them good candidates for two-dimensional optoelectronics. V C 2013 American Institute of Physics . [ http://dx.doi. org/10.1063/1.4799126]
Routine functional assessment for hip fracture patients

Background and purpose — Pre-fracture functional level has been shown to be a consistent predictor of rehabilitation outcomes in older hip fracture patients. We validated 4 overall pre-fracture functional level assessment instruments in patients aged 65 or more, used the prediction of outcome at 4 months post-fracture, and assessed cutoff values for decision making in treatment and rehabilitation. Patients and methods — 165 consecutive patients with acute primary hip fracture were prospectively included in the study. Pre-fracture Barthel-20, Barthel-100, cumulated ambulation score, and new mobility score were scored immediately after admission. Outcome defined as mortality, residential status, and independent walking ability was assessed at 4 months. Results — 3 of the assessment instruments, namely Barthel-20, Barthel-100, and new mobility score, correlated with outcome at 4 months post-fracture and were valid predictors. Thresholds were estimated. We found no evidence that Barthel-100, with its finer granularity, performs better than Barthel-20 as a predictor. Interpretation — Our findings indicate that pre-fracture scores of Barthel-20 and new mobility score have predictive ability, and further investigation of usage for guidance of clinical and rehabilitation decisions concerning hip fracture patients is warranted.
On the Origin of the Eccentricities of Extrasolar Planets

We develop a phenomenological theory that aims to account for the origin of the large eccentricities of extrasolar planets and that of the small eccentricities in the solar system, the preference for apsidal alignment in nonresonant multiplanet systems, and the origin of the similarities in the eccentricity distribution of extrasolar planets and that of spectroscopic binary stars. We show that if a physical process is weakly dependent on the local dynamics of the companion and imparts a small relative acceleration to the star-companion system, the eccentricity of the companion's orbit is excited to large values depending on the direction and duration of acceleration. Natural candidates for such processes are asymmetric stellar jets and star-disk winds. When the acceleration originates from a precessing jet, large eccentricities can be excited by the resonance of the jet's precession frequency with the induced acceleration's excitation frequency even for nearly perpendicular jets. Precession also reduces the eccentricity amplitude far inside the resonance radius. The acceleration's strength is best constrained in multiplanet systems because of the companions' mutual gravitational perturbations, while the acceleration's duration is bounded by the condition that the residual velocity imparted to the star is smaller than the stellar velocity dispersion in the Galaxy. In the outer parts of the star-companion system where the acceleration excitation time is comparable to or smaller than the orbital period, significant radial migration takes place that may have important consequences for the dynamics of the minor body populations in the solar system. The theory is illustrated with the υ Andromedae binary system.
A Hybrid Approach for Biomedical Entity Name Recognition

Biomedical named entity recognition, an important step, makes preparation for extracting information from biomedical textual resources. This paper presents a hybrid approach to recognize biomedical entity, which includes POS (Part-of-Speech) tagging, rules-based and dictionary-based approach using biomedical ontology. Experiment results show our approach can find untagged biomedical entity name in the GENIA 3.02 corpus for aiding biologist tagging biomedical entity in the biomedical literature and obtain a recall of 66%, a precision of 78% and an F-score 71.5% for the test dataset extracted from the GENIA 3.02 corpus.
Deep Vertebrate Roots for Mammalian Zinc Finger Transcription Factor Subfamilies

While many vertebrate transcription factor (TF) families are conserved, the C2H2 zinc finger (ZNF) family stands out as a notable exception. In particular, novel ZNF gene types have arisen, duplicated, and diverged independently throughout evolution to yield many lineage-specific TF genes. This evolutionary dynamic not only raises many intriguing questions but also severely complicates identification of those ZNF genes that remain functionally conserved. To address this problem, we searched for vertebrate “DNA binding orthologs” by mining ZNF loci from eight sequenced genomes and then aligning the patterns of DNA-binding amino acids, or “fingerprints,” extracted from the encoded ZNF motifs. Using this approach, we found hundreds of lineage-specific genes in each species and also hundreds of orthologous groups. Most groups of orthologs displayed some degree of fingerprint divergence between species, but 174 groups showed fingerprint patterns that have been very rigidly conserved. Focusing on the dynamic KRAB-ZNF subfamily—including nearly 400 human genes thought to possess potent KRAB-mediated epigenetic silencing activities—we found only three genes conserved between mammals and nonmammalian groups. These three genes, members of an ancient familial cluster, encode an unusual KRAB domain that functions as a transcriptional activator. Evolutionary analysis confirms the ancient provenance of this activating KRAB and reveals the independent expansion of KRAB-ZNFs in every vertebrate lineage. Most human ZNF genes, from the most deeply conserved to the primate-specific genes, are highly expressed in immune and reproductive tissues, indicating that they have been enlisted to regulate evolutionarily divergent biological traits.
News Recommendation in Forum-Based Social Media

Self-publication of news on Web sites is becoming a common application platform to enable more engaging interaction among users. Discussion in the form of comments following news postings can be effectively facilitated if the service provider can recommend articles based on not only the original news itself but also the thread of changing comments. This turns the traditional news recommendation to a "discussion moderator" that can intelligently assist online forums. In this work, we present a framework to implement such adaptive news recommendation. In addition, to alleviate the problem of recommending essentially identical articles, the relationship (duplication, generalization or specialization) between suggested news articles and the original posting is investigated. Experiments indicate that our proposed solutions provide an enhanced news recommendation service in forum-based social media.
Becoming Visually Familiar

Automatic face recognition has been mainly tackled by matching a new image to a set of previously computed identity models. The literature describes approximations where those identity models are based on a single sample or a set of them. However, face representation keeps being a topic of great debate in the psychology literature, with some results suggesting the use of an average image. In this paper, instead of restricting our system to a fixed and precomputed classifier, the system learns iteratively based on the experience extracted from each meeting. The experiments presented introduce the use of an exemplar average based approach. The results show similar performance to an approach based on the use of multiple exemplars per identity, but reducing storage and processing cost. The process is done autonomously, using an automatic face detection system that meets people, excepting the supervision provided by a human to confirm or correct each meeting classification suggested by the system.
Metastability in Markov processes

We present a formalism for describing slowly decaying systems in the context of finite Markov chains obeying detailed balance. We show that phase space can be partitioned into approximately decoupled regions, in which one may introduce restricted Markov chains which are close to the original process but do not leave these regions. Within this context, we identify the conditions under which the decaying system can be considered to be in a metastable state. Furthermore, we show that such metastable states can be described in thermodynamic terms and define their free energy. This is accomplished, showing that the probability distribution describing the metastable state is indeed proportional to the equilibrium distribution, as is commonly assumed. We test the formalism numerically in the case of the two-dimensional kinetic Ising model, using the Wang–Landau algorithm to show this proportionality explicitly, and confirm that the proportionality constant is as derived in the theory. Finally, we extend the formalism to situations in which a system can have several metastable states.
Movement and the Practice of Meaning in

This study intends to provide some evidence about the body involvement in the meaning production in song performance. It analyzes body actions that are not basic requirement for sound production, during the elaboration process of an interpretative performance of a work. These actions are observed in relation to structural and emotional-expressive content of the piece. A professional soprano sang an opera aria four successive times (as a rehearsal), making both technical and expressive adjustments and delineating a personal interpretation along the repetitions. Performances were filmed and micro-movements were analyzed assisted by Diglo 12.0 system. The analysis of the climax phrase of the aria reveals: (i) the first two performances with the singer’s movements showing particular common features on the highest and longest tones in the passage (always associated to some sort of expansive action); (ii) these features are elaborated and incorporated in the following trials; (iii) Expansion is not always elicited with the same gesture (as it is understood as both the shape and the physical resources of the movement), but it is identified in different axes and body parts; therefore, (iv) it is not a stereotyped gesture emulating a given feeling or dramatic content; on the contrary, (v) as its expansive qualities remain while the gesture itself is always different. Observed actions are discussed as pre-conscious and sub-personal. The singer’s intentionality does not focus on them. The action refers to a particular expressive content of music. It is a particular way of feeling. Thus, meaning come to light from non-conscious bodily movements and perceptions. Intended meaning comes out from the way in which the body shapes (feels) the dynamic qualities of the performance.
Chinese personal name recognition using N-gram model and rules

Chinese personal name recognition plays an important role in Chinese word segmentation and it's difficult to recognize whether a sequence of characters is a name or not for its complexity. This paper presents a new algorithm based on N-gram model and recognition rules to resolve this problem. In order to increase efficiency and accuracy, we also build several dictionaries such as a surname dictionary and a person-name dictionary. Experiments on different corpora show that the improved tokenizer using this algorithm performs stably and achieves more than 10 percent word segmentation accuracy increase than the original one. Averagely the improved tokenizer's recall rate and accuracy rate are both over 92%.
A Simple PCR Method for Rapid Genotype Analysis of the TH-MYCN Transgenic Mouse

Background The TH-MYCN transgenic mouse is the most widely used murine model of human neuroblastoma, in which a human MYCN oncogene is targeted to neuroectodermal cells of developing mice under the influence of the rat tyrosine hydroxylase promoter. So far, homozygous transgenic mice have been identified by either Southern blot or quantitative real-time PCR. Principal Findings To establish a simple and reliable genotyping method by conventional PCR, we confirmed the integration of the transgene in the TH-MYCN transgenic mouse by Southern blot and inverse PCR analyses. Our results showed that either five or six copies were found to be inserted in a head-to-tail tandem configuration at a single locus. The MYCN transgene/host DNA junction was sequenced and the integration site was identified at chromosome 18qE4. Finally, we succeeded in designing rapid, simple and reliable genotyping method by common PCR using primers flanking the integrated TH-MYCN transgene. Conclusion We established a simple and reliable genotyping PCR method for determining the integration site of the TH-MYCN transgene that enables all possible genotypes to be distinguished within several hours. TH-MYCN mice are excellent model for human neuroblastoma study, thus our results will largely be useful for facilitating the pace of neuroblastoma study, including in the study of the tumourigenic process, and in the development of therapies to treat patients suffering from neuroblastoma.