Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A novel phase-shift full-bridge ZVS PWM DC-DC converter employing auxiliary circuit

A novel phase-shift full-bridge converter is proposed in this paper. The converter topology presented here employs an auxiliary circuit consisting of a few passive components. With this auxiliary circuit, the full bridge converter can realize zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) independent of load and input voltage. The steady analysis and operating principle are demonstrated. Based on the analysis, a criterion of optimal design is given. A 1500 W/48 V prototype verified the feasibility of the converter.
Laboratory techniques in the diagnosis of herpes simplex infection.

A. Introduction B. Clinical manifestations of genital herpes 1. Primary genital herpes 2. Non-primary first episodes 3. First episode reactivation 4. Recurrent genital herpes 5. Genital herpes in immunocompromised patients 6. Asymptomatic or unrecognised genital herpes 7. Genital herpes in pregnancy 8. Diagnostic testing of neonates C. Laboratory techniques to detect HSV 1. Viral culture a. Culture confirmation b. HSV typing c. Modified culture techniques 2. HSV direct detection tests a. Cytology b. Electron microscopy c. HSV antigen detection d. HSV DNA detection e. HSVPCR D. Serological techniques to detect HSV antibodies 1. General considerations 2. Functional antibody assays a. Neutralising antibody assays (Nt) b. Complement fixation (CF) c. Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) 3. Solid phase binding assays a. Reverse passive hemagglutination (RPHA) b Indirect fluorescent antibody assays (IFA) c Enzyme immunoassays (EIA) d Antibody typing by IFA or EIA 4. Type-specific immunoassays a Protein-specific immunoassays b Western blot ("immunoblot") E. Future direction for HSV laboratory diagnosis
The Psychological Adjustment of Recent Crime Victims in the Criminal Justice System

The goals of this investigation were to examine the prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and victim service utilization among crime victims and family members recently involved in the criminal justice system ( N = 251). About one half of the participants met PTSD diagnostic criteria during their lifetime. Females were overrepresented in the more violent crimes (e.g., homicide and sexual assault). Victims of more violent crimes—who sustained physical injuries, who perceived that they would be seriously injured, and who perceived their lives were threatened—were more likely to suffer from PTSD than victims who did not have these characteristics. Most participants believed the criminal justice system should provide a range of victim services. However, most participants reported inadequate access to services. Also, receipt of psychological counseling and diagnostic status were significantly associated with crime type. Results imply that crime victims involved in the criminal justice system are at risk for developing PTSD, which often never is addressed by a mental health professional due to inadequate access to health care services.
Coverage holes reduction in movable sensor networks using Minimum Movement Technique

In wireless sensor networks, the efficiency mainly depends on the network connectivity among the nodes as well as coverage of the monitoring area. To handle the connectivity problem, the possible network partitions are detected earlier by detecting the cut-vertices which are the critical nodes in the network whose failure leads to network partition. These points are identified through Cut-vertex determination algorithm. The failure handler set, which is used to restore the connectivity failure due to failure of any cut-vertex, is determined by Connected Dominating Set (CDS) algorithm. The connectivity problem in the network is resolved by utilizing the controlled mobility feature of the sensor nodes. The coverage holes are introduced in the network due to the total movement of such failure handler set. To minimize the number of coverage holes, the failure handler is placed nearer to the position of failed node without affecting the connectivity. This technique is named as Minimum Movement Technique (MMT). To restore the connectivity, the nodes in the failure handling set move towards the feasible points. These points are calculated by MMT. The Simulation results prove that the proposed MMT minimizes the total mobility distance required to reach these points and the coverage holes in the network.
Comparative transitive and temporal orderliness in dominance networks

Dominance is a social relation between a subordinate animal and the dominant to which it submits. Animal groups seem regularly to form dominance hierarchies in which dominance relations are transitive and stable, but comparative studies are rare. Dominance hierarchies can be formalized as social networks, with arrows (directed edges) pointing from dominant animals (nodes) to subordinates. Using this network perspective, we explored the orderliness of 40 published datasets for taxa from ants to elephants. To quantify orderliness, we used the triad census, a technique from sociology, that enumerates the proportion of orderly (transitive) triads (e.g., A dominates B and C, B dominates C, yielding clear top, middle, and bottom rankings) versus disorderly (cyclic) triads (e.g., A dominates B, B dominates C, but C in turn dominates A). All 40 datasets showed a significant excess of orderly (transitive) triads and a deficit of disorderly (cyclic) triads compared with the null model of random networks. Most datasets showed relatively high rank stability (mean stability index of 0.81 on a scale from 0 to 1). Steep hierarchies arise when the scores used to rank contestants differ sharply, further promoting stability. All 40 dominance hierarchies were steeper than expected from randomized sequences of contests. The overwhelming conclusion was that animal groups are orderly, as assessed by a high proportion of transitive relations, a paucity of disorderly cycles, and high temporal stability in rankings. Thus, a certain degree of self-organization may characterize even agonistic interactions across many different kinds of animal societies.
Submarine landslides: processes, triggers and hazard prediction

Huge landslides, mobilizing hundreds to thousands of km3 of sediment and rock are ubiquitous in submarine settings ranging from the steepest volcanic island slopes to the gentlest muddy slopes of submarine deltas. Here, we summarize current knowledge of such landslides and the problems of assessing their hazard potential. The major hazards related to submarine landslides include destruction of seabed infrastructure, collapse of coastal areas into the sea and landslide-generated tsunamis. Most submarine slopes are inherently stable. Elevated pore pressures (leading to decreased frictional resistance to sliding) and specific weak layers within stratified sequences appear to be the key factors influencing landslide occurrence. Elevated pore pressures can result from normal depositional processes or from transient processes such as earthquake shaking; historical evidence suggests that the majority of large submarine landslides are triggered by earthquakes. Because of their tsunamigenic potential, ocean-island flank collapses and rockslides in fjords have been identified as the most dangerous of all landslide related hazards. Published models of ocean-island landslides mainly examine ‘worst-case scenarios’ that have a low probability of occurrence. Areas prone to submarine landsliding are relatively easy to identify, but we are still some way from being able to forecast individual events with precision. Monitoring of critical areas where landslides might be imminent and modelling landslide consequences so that appropriate mitigation strategies can be developed would appear to be areas where advances on current practice are possible.
Differences in hemispherical thalamo-cortical causality analysis during resting-state fMRI

Thalamus is a very important part of the human brain. It has been reported to act as a relay for the messaging taking place between the cortical and sub-cortical regions of the brain. In the present study, we analyze the functional network between both hemispheres of the brain with the focus on thalamus. We used conditional Granger causality (CGC) and time-resolved partial directed coherence (tPDC) to investigate the functional connectivity. Results of CGC analysis revealed the asymmetry between connection strengths of the bilateral thalamus. Upon testing the functional connectivity of the default-mode network (DMN) at low-frequency fluctuations (LFF) and comparing coherence vectors using Spearman's rank correlation, we found that thalamus is a better source for the signals directed towards the contralateral regions of the brain, however, when thalamus acts as sink, it is a better sink for signals generated from ipsilateral regions of the brain.
Religiosity and mental health in southern, community-dwelling older adults

This study considers potential interaction effects of three measures of religiosity, organized (OR), non-organized (NOR), and intrinsic religiosity (IR), on depression and general mental health, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics and mobility. In-home interviews were conducted among a stratified random sample of Medicare beneficiaries from five central Alabama counties (the University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging). Those who were high on all three dimensions of religiosity reported having fewer symptoms of depression and better mental health than did those who were low on all three dimensions of religiosity. Subjects who scored high on OR reported lower levels of depression (F (1, 981) = 3.97, p<0.05). Neither IR nor NOR had salutary effects on the measure of depression nor on the general measure of mental health. The interpretation of the relationships of religiosity with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the general mental health (Mental Component Score of the SF-12; MCS) measures was complicated by the presence of three way interactions (F (1, 981) = 9.02, p<0.01 and F (1, 981) = 5.46, p<0.05, for GDS and MCS respectively). The presence of interaction effects between the different dimensions of religiosity and mental health affirms the importance of remaining sensitive to the multidimensional nature of religiousness and its relationships with measures of mental health.
Content Selection Challenge - University of Aberdeen Entry

Bouayad-Agha et al. (2012) issued a content determination challenge in which researchers were asked to create systems that can automatically select content suitable for a first paragraph in a Wikipedia article from an RDF knowledge base of information about people. This article is a description of the system built at the University of Aberdeen. Our working assumption is that the target text should contain information that is commonly known about the target person. The Wikipedia’s manual of style mentions that “The lead [section] serves as an introduction to the article and a summary of its most important aspects1. ” What is most important about a person is likely to be often mentioned in biographies and hence it is more likely to be commonly known. Our system was motivated by the notion of common ground, especially the way it was accounted for by (Clark and Marshall, 1981). Clark and Marshall (1981) introduce two categories of common ground: personal common ground shared by a small group of individuals and communal common ground shared by a community of people. We are most interested in the concept of communal common ground, which arises from the exposure to the same information within a community. For example, if there is a statue in front of your work place, you expect your colleagues to also know about this statue and so the information that there is a statue in front of you workplace becomes a part of the community knowledge (where the community are people who work at the same place). Our hypothesis is that if we take a corpus of documents produced by some large community (e.g., English speakers), we should be able to ap-
Modelling and simulation of trap densities in organic thin films

Trapping and de-trapping mechanisms play an important role on the performance of organic based devices, hence it is imperative to have a better understanding of such effects both from experimental and theoretical perspectives. We present a simulation model based on resistor networks to investigate the effect of these traps on the output currents in terms of their spatial distributions. Resistor networks are manipulated accordingly on a sub-micron scale to mimic spot illumination from a light source which triggers de-trapping of carriers leading to a change in the current evaluated.
Unusual increase of Scd1 and Elovl6 expression in rat inguinal adipose tissue

It is generally accepted that the location of body fat deposits may play an important role in the risk of developing some endocrine and metabolic diseases. We have studied the effect of food restriction and food restriction/refeeding, often practiced by individuals trying to lose body weight, on the expression of genes which are associated with obesity and certain metabolic disorders in inguinal, epididymal, and perirenal rat white adipose tissues. Gene expression was analyzed by real time semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and by Western blot. We found that prolonged food restriction caused a significant decrease of body and adipose tissue mass as well as the increase of Scd1 and Elovl6 gene expressions in all main rat adipose tissue deposits. Food restriction/refeeding caused increases of: a) Scd1 and Elovl6 mRNA levels in adipose tissue, b) Scd1 protein level and c) desaturation index in adipose tissue. The increased expression of both genes was unusually high in inguinal adipose tissue. The results suggest that the increase of Scd1 and Elovl6 gene expressions in white adipose tissue by prolonged food restriction and prolonged food restriction/refeeding may contribute to accelerated fat recovery that often occurs in individuals after food restriction/refeeding.
Mechanism of sound absorption by seated audience in halls.

Four methods are explored for predicting the reverberation times in fully occupied halls for music as related to the sound absorption by their audiences. The methods for providing audience absorptions include two that use reverberation chambers, namely, the ISO 354 method (and other similar standards) (ISO) and Kath and Kuhl's method (K & K) [Acustica 15, 127-131 (1965)], and two that use average data from halls, i.e., Beranek's method (COH) [Concert and Opera Halls: How They Sound (Acoustical Society of America, Melville, NY, 1996)], and the average audience power-per-seat absorption which in practice is multiplied by the number of seats (AA). These methods are applied to the calculation of reverberation times in six existing halls, fully occupied, and the results were compared with actual measurements. The COH method was best for predictions over the entire frequency range. The K & K method showed the highest accuracy at mid-frequencies. Both the ISO and the K & K methods yielded wide differences for the measurements in the 125- and 250-Hz bands. The AA method was as good as the COH method when the measurements for the six halls were averaged, but showed a wide spread in the predictions around the average because it does not consider the degree of upholstering of the seats. It was hypothecated by the authors that the principal reasons for the ISO and K & K discrepancies at low frequencies were (a) differences between the degree of sound diffusion in actual halls and that in reverberation chambers, and (b) lack of information on the mechanisms of absorption of sound by people seated side-by-side in rows, particularly for near-grazing incidence sound fields. First, this article explores the sound diffusivity in a reverberation chamber and in the halls using CAD models. A probability density function of the incident angles of the sound rays that impinge on the audiences is defined and was measured for each case. Using a unique method, the sound absorption coefficient of each portion of the body and chair in a seated audience was determined in an anechoic chamber as a function of the incident angle of a sound wave. With adjustments from these findings, the K & K method can be made to equal the COH method in accuracy at all frequencies. Its forte is that it can be used for the determination of the sound absorption of occupied chairs from measurements of a limited number in a reverberation chamber.
Isolation of Cancer Stem Cells from Three Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines: Characterization of Two Selected Clones

Cancer stem cells (CSC) were isolated via a non-adherent neurosphere assay from three glioma cell lines: LI, U87, and U373. Using a clonal assay, two clones (D2 and F11) were selected from spheres derived from LI cells and were characterized for the: expression of stem cell markers (CD133, Nestin, Musashi-1 and Sox2); proliferation; differentiation capability (determined by the expression of GalC, βIII-Tubulin and GFAP); Ca2+ signaling and tumorigenicity in nude mice. Both D2 and F11 clones expressed higher levels of all stem cell markers with respect to the parental cell line. Clones grew more slowly than LI cells with a two-fold increase in duplication time. Markers of differentiation (βIII-Tubulin and GFAP) were expressed at high levels in both LI cells and in neurospheres. The expression of Nestin, Sox2, and βIII-Tubulin was down-regulated in D2 and F11 when cultured in serum-containing medium, whereas Musashi-1 was increased. In this condition, duplication time of D2 and F11 increased without reaching that of LI cells. D2, F11 and parental cells did not express voltage-dependent Ca2+-channels but they exhibited increased intracellular Ca2+ levels in response to ATP. These Ca2+ signals were larger in LI cells and in spheres cultured in serum-containing medium, while they were smaller in serum-free medium. The ATP treatment did not affect cell proliferation. Both D2 and F11 induced the appearance of tumors when ortotopically injected in athymic nude mice at a density 50-fold lower than that of LI cells. All these data indicate that both clones have characteristics of CSC and share the same stemness properties. The findings regarding the expression of differentiation markers and Ca2+-channels show that both clones are unable to reach the terminal differentiation. Both D2 and F11 might represent a good model to improve the knowledge on CSC in glioblastoma and to identify new therapeutic approaches.
Is There an Asian Advantage for Pitch Memory

ABSOLUTE PITCH (AP) IS THE ABILITY TO IDENTIFY OR produce a musical note in isolation. As traditionally defined, AP requires accurate pitch memory as well as knowledge of note names. The incidence of AP is higher in Asia than it is in North America.We used a task with no naming requirements to examine pitch memory among Canadian 9- to 12-year-olds of Asian (Chinese) or non-Asian (European) heritage. On each trial, children heard two versions of a 5-s excerpt from a familiar recording, one of which was shifted upward or downward in pitch. They were asked to identify the excerpt at the original pitch. The groups performed comparably, and knowledge of a tone language did not affect performance. Nonetheless, Asians performed better on a test of academic achievement. These results provide no support for the contribution of genetics or tone-language use to cross-cultural differences in pitch memory.
Skills, Knowledge, and Personal Traits Necessary for Success as a Student Affairs Administrator: A Meta-Analysis of Thirty Years of Research

This study synthesized 30 years of research relating to successful student affairs administration using meta-analysis techniques. The findings suggest a successful student affairs administrator has skills such as administration, management, and human facilitation; knowledge of student development theory and functional responsibilities; and traits of personal integrity and cooperation. The researchers noted possible additional skills, knowledge bases, and personal traits for continued success as a student affairs administrator relating to technology, assessment, political skills, and postsecondary public policy knowledge.
Abnormalities of the Neonatal Ear: Otoscopic Observations, Histologic Observations, and a Model for Contamination of the Middle Ear by Cellular Contents of Amniotic Fluid

It is unknown whether childhood ear disease could be present long before symptoms provoke an initial otoscopic examination. A newborn middle ear might or might not start in a pristine, privileged state. The clinician evaluating later infant and childhood ear disease is often unaware of the status of a patient's ear from the neonatal period, the earliest time at which the tympanic membrane can be evaluated. Adding to the physician's handicap, normative otoscopic and histologic data on the neonatal ear are incomplete. In order to test the hypothesis that disease in the neonatal middle ear may be more common than is generally appreciated, the population of critically ill neonates was selected for study since this group can provide both clinical as well as histologic data.
Optimising Aperture Shapes for Depth Estimation

The ﬁnite depth of ﬁeld of a real camera can be used to estimate the depth structure of a scene. While the distance of an object from the plane in focus determines the defocus blur size, the shape of the aperture determines the shape of the blur. This blur shape can be manipulated by introducing masks into the main lens aperture. We propose an intuitive criterion to design aperture patterns for depth estimation. Our design criterion imposes constraints directly in the data domain and optimises the amount of depth information carried by blurred images. As a quadratic function on the aperture transmission values, our criterion can be numerically evaluated to estimate optimised aperture patterns quickly. The proposed mask optimisation procedure is applicable for different depth estimation scenarios. We consider depth estimation from two images with different focus settings and depth estimation from two images with different aperture shapes.
A grading scale for epistaxis in hereditary haemorrhagic teleangectasia.

BACKGROUND Epistaxis is the most common symptom in patients with Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT). Different institutions are using different treatment modalities and different grading systems. The treatment options depend on the grade of epistaxis. It is important to have a common grading system to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of different treatment options. Furthermore, it is important to correlate quality of life with an epistaxis grading system. The aim of this work was to propose a new grading system for epistaxis in HHT. METHODS A medical literature search was performed for grading systems of epistaxis in HHT. A questionnaire on five criteria's for a new grading system was sent to 22 internationally renowned medical experts, who have published results on epistaxis in HHT. RESULTS Four different grading systems are currently in use for the grading of epistaxis in HHT. The response rate of the questionnaire was 43%. All the experts who answered the questionnaire agreed that the aimed grading system should be easy to understand for the patients. 90% of them wanted the system to focus on a definite time period. 70% answered that blood transfusion should be included in the grading system as an important factor. There was no clear consensus on whether the system should be a single multi-item scale or a composite scale consisting of more than one single scales, and similarly there was no clear consensus on whether is should be an absolute or a relative scale. CONCLUSION The proposed system should be easy to understand for the patients, focus on a definite time period of observation, and include blood transfusion as one of its parameters. For statistical reasons, an epistaxis grading scale with at least one absolute end point would be preferable.