Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Machine Learning Approach for Arabic/English Documents Classification

This paper aims at developing a system that is capable of classifying Arabic and English un-structured documents; it proposes to classify these documents in consecutive two phases. In the first phase, incremental Automated Domain-MetaDocument Construction (ADC) algorithm is applied as a new automated machine learning approach. ADC constructs updatable summarized Domain-Meta-Documents, which corresponds to the trained classified documents. The output would be stored in a knowledge base in order to help in the classification process. In the second phase, an enhanced supervised classification algorithm based on automated calculation of threshold value would utilize the previously generated Domain-Meta-Documents to classify the incoming Dataset. To evaluate the performance of this proposed approach, two experiments were conducted on two standard dataset, namely Corpus of Contemporary Arabic (CCA) and Newsgroup 20, whose results revealed that the proposed classification approach outperformed the compared classification algorithms (C4.5 and Back Propagation Neural Network) in different measures. The general accuracy of the proposed system was found to be about 95%.
Dynamic integration of zigbee home networks into home gateways using OSGI service registry

In recent years, Zigbee has become one of the most promising protocols for wireless home networking. Consequently, interoperation with Zigbee-enabled home network devices such as wireless sensors and appliances is an essential functionality in home gateway systems. This paper describes the design and implementation of an effective architecture for dynamic integration of Zigbee home networks into OSGi-based home gateways, where ad hoc Zigbee devices are represented by device proxy services. Further, such proxy services can be automatically downloaded, installed, and registered in the OSGi service registry by the dynamic device integration manager as the corresponding devices join the Zigbee network. Thus, home network applications can discover proxy services for the required Zigbee devices, and access the devices through the common proxy service interfaces without concern for the specific access protocols and libraries of the device.
Primerize: automated primer assembly for transcribing non-coding RNA domains

Customized RNA synthesis is in demand for biological and biotechnological research. While chemical synthesis and gel or chromatographic purification of RNA is costly and difficult for sequences longer than tens of nucleotides, a pipeline of primer assembly of DNA templates, in vitro transcription by T7 RNA polymerase and kit-based purification provides a cost-effective and fast alternative for preparing RNA molecules. Nevertheless, designing template primers that optimize cost and avoid mispriming during polymerase chain reaction currently requires expert inspection, downloading specialized software or both. Online servers are currently not available or maintained for the task. We report here a server named Primerize that makes available an efficient algorithm for primer design developed and experimentally tested in our laboratory for RNA domains with lengths up to 300 nucleotides. Free access: http://primerize.stanford. edu.
Towards information-theoretic visualization evaluation measure: a practical example for Bertin's matrices

This paper presents a discussion about matrix-based representation evaluation measures, including a review of related evaluation measures from different scientific disciplines and a proposal for promising approaches. The paper advocates linking or replacing a large portion of indefinable aesthetics with a mathematical framework and theory backed up by an incomputable function -- Kolmogorov complexity. A suitable information-theoretic evaluation measure is proposed together with a practical approximating implementation example for Bertin's Matrices.
Landscape Genetics Reveals Focal Transmission of a Human Macroparasite

Macroparasite infections (e.g., helminths) remain a major human health concern. However, assessing transmission dynamics is problematic because the direct observation of macroparasite dispersal among hosts is not possible. We used a novel landscape genetics approach to examine transmission of the human roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides in a small human population in Jiri, Nepal. Unexpectedly, we found significant genetic structuring of parasites, indicating the presence of multiple transmission foci within a small sampling area (∼14 km2). We analyzed several epidemiological variables, and found that transmission is spatially autocorrelated around households and that transmission foci are stable over time despite extensive human movement. These results would not have been obtainable via a traditional epidemiological study based on worm counts alone. Our data refute the assumption that a single host population corresponds to a single parasite transmission unit, an assumption implicit in many classic models of macroparasite transmission. Newer models have shown that the metapopulation-like pattern observed in our data can adversely affect targeted control strategies aimed at community-wide impacts. Furthermore, the observed metapopulation structure and local mating patterns generate an excess of homozygotes that can accelerate the spread of recessive traits such as drug resistance. Our study illustrates how molecular analyses complement traditional epidemiological information in providing a better understanding of parasite transmission. Similar landscape genetic approaches in other macroparasite systems will be warranted if an accurate depiction of the transmission process is to be used to inform effective control strategies.
Kaposi Sarcoma in a Patient with Chronic Renal Failure Undergoing Dialysis

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a multicentric proliferative vascular tumor involving the skin and other organs. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) has been detected in KS lesions and is considered the putative causative agent of KS. The relationship between chronic renal failure, HHV-8, and KS is not clear. KS appears to develop in association with renal transplantation, but is unlikely with dialysis, and there have been few reports on this. Here, we report the case of a 51-year-old man, who underwent peritoneal dialysis to treat chronic renal failure, and presented with multiple brownish plaques on his soles. On histopathological examination, abnormally proliferated vessels, vascular slits, and spindle-shaped cells were seen in the dermis. Immunohistochemical staining for HHV-8 was positive. This case is another example in which factors other than immunosuppression contributed to the development of KS, due to activation of HHV-8.
Learning orientation, organizational commitment and talent retention across generations

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to test the relationships of learning, organizational commitment and talent retention across managerial generations in Europe.Design/methodology/approach – Hypotheses are developed to explain the influence of learning and organizational commitment on talent retention across generations. A total of 1,666 European managers completed a survey on these issues. Depending on year of birth, they were categorized into four generational cohorts. Their answers were analyzed with statistic procedures.Findings – Findings reveal that younger generations are less willing to remain in the same organization and have lower organizational commitment. The youngest generations (Early and Late Xers, born 1960 and after) show stronger learning orientation and lower organizational commitment than older generations (Early and Late Boomers, born 1946‐1959). Learning orientation predicted the intention to remain in the same organization for Early Xers and Late Xers. Organizational commitment .
Lack of association between RNASEL Arg462Gln variant and the risk of breast cancer.

BACKGROUND The RNASEL G1385A variant was recently found to be implicated in the development of prostate cancer. Considering the function of RNase L and the pleiotropic effects of mutations associated with cancer, we sought to investigate whether the RNASEL G1385A variant is a risk factor for breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 453 breast cancer patients and 382 age- and sex-matched controls from Greece and Turkey were analyzed. Genotyping for the RNASEL G1385A variant was performed using an Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS). RESULTS Statistical evaluation of the RNASEL G1385A genotype distribution among breast cancer patients and controls revealed no significant association between the presence of the risk genotype and the occurrence of breast cancer. CONCLUSION Although an increasing number of studies report an association between the RNASEL G1385A variant and prostate cancer risk; this variant does not appear to be implicated in the development of breast cancer.
Endoscopy in the diagnosis of intestinal graft‐versus‐host disease: Is lower endoscopy with biopsy as effective in diagnosis as upper endoscopy combined with lower endoscopy?

Graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) causes morbidity and mortality in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). This study assessed the distribution of GvHD in gastrointestinal (GI) biopsies from the upper and lower GI tract in pediatric patients who had undergone SCT and evaluated if there was correlation between biopsy findings and possible extra‐intestinal manifestations of GvHD.
Decellularization and Delipidation Protocols of Bovine Bone and Pericardium for Bone Grafting and Guided Bone Regeneration Procedures

The combination of bone grafting materials with guided bone regeneration (GBR) membranes seems to provide promising results to restore bone defects in dental clinical practice. In the first part of this work, a novel protocol for decellularization and delipidation of bovine bone, based on multiple steps of thermal shock, washes with detergent and dehydration with alcohol, is described. This protocol is more effective in removal of cellular materials, and shows superior biocompatibility compared to other three methods tested in this study. Furthermore, histological and morphological analyses confirm the maintenance of an intact bone extracellular matrix (ECM). In vitro and in vivo experiments evidence osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties of the produced scaffold, respectively. In the second part of this study, two methods of bovine pericardium decellularization are compared. The osmotic shock-based protocol gives better results in terms of removal of cell components, biocompatibility, maintenance of native ECM structure, and host tissue reaction, in respect to the freeze/thaw method. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the characterization of a novel protocol for the decellularization of bovine bone to be used as bone graft, and the acquisition of a method to produce a pericardium membrane suitable for GBR applications.
Asylum seekers' expectations of and trust in general practice: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND The UK has substantial minority populations of short-term and long-term migrants from countries with various types of healthcare systems. AIM This study explored how migrants' previous knowledge and experience of health care influences their current expectations of health care in a system relying on clinical generalists performing a gatekeeping role. DESIGN OF STUDY Two qualitative methods. SETTING Glasgow, UK. METHOD Focus groups or semi-structured interviews were conducted with 52 asylum seekers. Analyses identified several areas where previous experience affected current expectations. An overview of health systems in each country of origin was established by combining responders' accounts with World Health Organization statistics. RESULTS Asylum seekers had previous experience of a diverse range of healthcare systems, most of which were characterised by a lack of GPs and direct access to hospital-based specialists. For some responders, war or internal conflict resulted in a complete breakdown of healthcare systems. Responders' accounts also highlighted the difficulties that marginalised groups had in accessing health care. Although asylum seekers were generally pleased with the care they received from the NHS, there were areas where they experienced difficulties: confidence in their GP and access to hospital-based specialists and medication. These difficulties encountered might be explained by previous experience. CONCLUSION GPs and other healthcare professionals need to be aware that experience of different systems of care can have an impact on individuals' expectations in a GP-led system. If these are not acknowledged and addressed, a lack of confidence and trust in the GP may undermine the effectiveness of the clinical consultation.
Mechanisms of migration development at the community level: Migrant networks and types of links

The paper approaches the problem of the development mechanism of international migration at community level. Some empirical observations cumulated during several researches, at origin and destination area, regarding Romanian migration to Spain constitute the starting points. Appealing to the distinction introduced by Mark Granovetter in 1976 between weak and strong ties, we find that, if initially migration develops almost exclusively based on social relations that could be assimilated to strong ties, there is a moment in the process of development when the departures on the base of weak ties, with important consequences on the migrant’s situation at destination, increase. The paper tries to clarify, preponderantly invoking theoretical arguments, in what measure the departures based on weak ties bet ween migrant and non migrant are normal in the process of international migration development at community level. The study concludes that, because of cumulative effects, migration evolution to a phase when the departure is possible based on weak ties is explainable. Two mechanisms mainly contribute to this result: enhancement of incentives to migrate (because of quantitative and qualitative information increase; visibility of migration effects in the origin area; changes of relative deprivation at community level) and migration costs and risk lowering, with the consequence of reduction of effective support that a non-migrant needs from one migrant in order to migrate.
Functions of prostaglandins.

Prostaglandins are naturally occurring compounds which are easily separable from other biologically active substances because of its acidic lipid nature. They are divided into 4 series, the A, B, E, and Falpha series, which differ in the structure of the characteristic 5-membered ring. Prostaglandins play a role in the following reproductive functions: 1) conception; 2) luteolysis; 3) menstruation; and 4) parturition. It has also been proposed that Prostaglandin A may be the natriuretic hormone, the circulating hormone which controls sodium reabsorption by the kidney. The experiments of Lee and Ferguson in which prostaglandins inhibited PAH uptake by rabbit renal cortex slices in vitro support this view. Prostaglandins are also implicated 1) in the fluid transfer in the gut; 2) as causative agents of diarrhea that accompanies medullary carcinoma of the thyroid or neural crest tumors; 3) in reducing blood pressure in humans with essential hypertension; 4) in fatty acid metabolism, including lipolysis; and 5) as mediators of the inflammatory response. Further research in prostaglandins will establish the validity of the proposed physiologic or pathologic functions of prostaglandins.
Antibacterial Activity of Some Plant Extracts Against Extended- Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli Isolates

Background: The extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) -producing Escherichia coli isolates make many serious infections, especially urinary tract infections. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activities of some natural plant extracts against ESBL-producing E. coli isolates, which harbor the TEM gene in urine samples of the patients who have urinary tract infections. Materials and Methods: Evaluation has to be exactly determined for both methods of disk diffusion test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), separately. We evaluated 120 strains of E. coli isolates from the urine culture of the patients in Boo-Ali Hospital (Zahedan, south-eastern Iran) who were suffering from urinary tract infections. The ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were evaluated by disk diffusion test and PCR through TEM gene detection. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of commonly used antibiotics including ceftazidime, ceftriaxon, amikacin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin along with the MIC of the alcoholic extract of different natural plants including Myrtus communis L (Myrtaceae), Amaranthus retraflexus (Amaranthaceae), Cyminum cuminum L (Apiaceae), Marrubium vulgare (Laminaceae) and Peganum. harmala (Zygrophyllaceae) against the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates, which harbor the TEM genes, were determined using the microdulition method. Results: Results of this study showed that in disk diffusion method, 80 samples of E. coli produced ESBLs. In PCR method, the TEM gene distribution in the isolated ESBL-producing organisms was 50 (41.6%). Amikacin was the most effective anti-bacterial agent and ciprofloxacin was the least effective against E. coli isolates. All the natural plant extracts mentioned above, especially P. harmala, were effective against the selected isolates of ESBL-producing E. coli. The most frequent ESBL rate producing E. coli isolates (32 out of 50) had MIC of 2.5 mg/mL in ethanol extract of P. harmala. Conclusions: The alcoholic extract of P. harmala was very effective against the selected ESBL-producing E. coli isolates harboring the TEM gene. Therefore, it could be suggested as an antibacterial agent in the future. More researches are necessary for detecting the mechanism of this plant’s behavior and its pharmacological effects.
Measurement of Recovery from Outpatient General Anaesthesia with a Simple Ocular Test

Measurements of extraocular muscle balance with a Maddox wing can be a useful clinical test of the rate of recovery from general anaesthesia. In 65 dental outpatients recovery was found to be most rapid in those patients given only nitrous oxide, oxygen, and halothane, whereas the previous administration of methohexitone, propanidid, or thiopentone for induction was associated with slower recovery. Recovery rates after methohexitone and propanidid were similar and rapid enough to confirm their choice for intravenous induction of anaesthesia in outpatients, but delayed recovery after thiopentone showed that this agent is best avoided in these circumstances.
Birth weight and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.

CONTEXT Low birth weight is implicated as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. However, the strength, consistency, independence, and shape of the association have not been systematically examined. OBJECTIVE To conduct a quantitative systematic review examining published evidence on the association of birth weight and type 2 diabetes in adults. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION Relevant studies published by June 2008 were identified through literature searches using EMBASE (from 1980), MEDLINE (from 1950), and Web of Science (from 1980), with a combination of text words and Medical Subject Headings. Studies with either quantitative or qualitative estimates of the association between birth weight and type 2 diabetes were included. DATA EXTRACTION Estimates of association (odds ratio [OR] per kilogram of increase in birth weight) were obtained from authors or from published reports in models that allowed the effects of adjustment (for body mass index and socioeconomic status) and the effects of exclusion (for macrosomia and maternal diabetes) to be examined. Estimates were pooled using random-effects models, allowing for the possibility that true associations differed between populations. DATA SYNTHESIS Of 327 reports identified, 31 were found to be relevant. Data were obtained from 30 of these reports (31 populations; 6090 diabetes cases; 152 084 individuals). Inverse birth weight-type 2 diabetes associations were observed in 23 populations (9 of which were statistically significant) and positive associations were found in 8 (2 of which were statistically significant). Appreciable heterogeneity between populations (I(2) = 66%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 51%-77%) was largely explained by positive associations in 2 native North American populations with high prevalences of maternal diabetes and in 1 other population of young adults. In the remaining 28 populations, the pooled OR of type 2 diabetes, adjusted for age and sex, was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.70-0.81) per kilogram. The shape of the birth weight-type 2 diabetes association was strongly graded, particularly at birth weights of 3 kg or less. Adjustment for current body mass index slightly strengthened the association (OR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.70-0.82] before adjustment and 0.70 [95% CI, 0.65-0.76] after adjustment). Adjustment for socioeconomic status did not materially affect the association (OR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.70-0.84] before adjustment and 0.78 [95% CI, 0.72-0.84] after adjustment). There was no strong evidence of publication or small study bias. CONCLUSION In most populations studied, birth weight was inversely related to type 2 diabetes risk.
The State of Biological Information tied up in Protein Sequence Data

Creating synthetic devices that are robust to changing cellular contexts will be key to the success of synthetic biology. When faced with a set of competing designs for a given genetic circuit one is likely to choose the simplest possible model that can achieve the desired behaviour. However simple systems are often the least robust and it is well known that additional feedback interactions can increase robustness to extrinsic noise sources. Here a design methodology is utilised that takes advantage of Bayesian statistics. This allows the use of model selection to compare designs based on their robustness and handle uncertainty in biochemical rate constants. A small gene network is examined, the genetic toggle switch. A stability analysis of the system is performed, providing information on the parameters that can give rise to mono-, biand tristable behaviour with a focus on bistable switching behavior. The next step is to consider multiple models each one capable of generating a bistable switch but containing different positive and negative feedback connections. Bayesian model selection is used to directly compare the competing designs using ABC-SysBio. This method enables the simultaneous inference of the kinetic parameters and the ranking of the models with respect to producing the same behaviour over a greater volume of parameter space. The ultimate goal of the project is to realise these more robust toggle switches in the lab.