Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formulation And Evaluation of Cyclodextrin Based Clotrimazole Nanogel For Vaginal Delivery

- The objective of this study was to improve the solubility and dissolution profile of clotrimazole in the vaginal fluid for the treatment of fungal infection, a gamma-cyclodextrin-based clotrimazole nanogel was created for vaginal administration. The emulsion solvent evaporation process was used to prepare gamma-cyclodextrin-based nanogel. Aqueous phase was prepared using γCD, NaOH, EGDE and HPMC (1 %,2% w/w). Organic phase was prepared using Span 80(0, 0.5, 1, 2% w/v) in organic solvent dichloromethane. Aqueous phase was added to organic phase and homogenization was done followed by lyophilization. Formed solution was treated in an ultrasonic bath. The water was evaporated using a rotavapour. Schrodinger molecular docking software revealed a glide score of - 2.85 kcal/mol for the gamma-cyclodextrin-clotrimazole complex, indicating the establishment of a hydrogen bond with a length of 2.4. The AL type of curve with a stability constant of 545 M -1 . was visible in the phase solubility diagram, indicating the production of 1:1 complexes. F8 was chosen as the optimal formulation batch. The mucoadhesion force (g) for batch F8 was 13.53g. When compared to pure Clotrimazole in the simulated vaginal fluid, the solubility of Clotrimazole in loaded nanogel increased by 15.45 fold. At the conclusion of six hours, there had been a 79.67% drug release with a drug flux of 1.3596 g/cm 2 /h. The Korsmeyer-Peppas model was used in the formulation of nanogel, with a r 2 value of 0.9984. The final formulation showed the highest zone of inhibition which is of standard zone of inhibition.
Araña: Discovering and Characterizing Password Guessing Attacks in Practice

Remote password guessing attacks remain one of the largest sources of account compromise. Understanding and characterizing attacker strategies is critical to improving security, but doing so has been challenging thus far due to the sensitivity of login services and the lack of ground truth labels for benign and malicious login requests. We perform an in-depth measurement study of guessing attacks targeting two large universities. Using a rich dataset of more than 34 million login requests to the two universities as well as thousands of compromise reports, we were able to develop a new analysis pipeline to identify 29 attack clusters—many of which involved compromises not previously known to security engineers. Our analysis provides the richest investigation to date of password guessing attacks as seen from login services. We believe our tooling will be useful in future efforts to develop real-time detection of attack campaigns, and our characterization of attack campaigns can help more broadly guide mitigation design.
On a New Method to Detect Neutrinos

I proposed a new method to detect the neutrinos. The characteristic of this new method is to make use of the interactions between electron and neutrino. These interactions will produce the W bosons and etc. The produced W bosons will decay to pairs of lepton and neutrino. Then we only need to detect the leptons produced by W bosons to make sure how many neutrinos had arrived.
Migratory patterns of Patagonian toothfish ( Dissostichus eleginoides ) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean

The Patagonian toothfish ( Dissostichus eleginoides ) is a commercially valuable demersal fish present in the southern hemisphere. Therefore, understanding movements of the species across time and spatial scales would enhance our understanding of its behavior within the Argentine and Chilean Patagonian platform. The Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP, Argentina) initiated a tag-recapture program for D. eleginoides in 2004. A total of 5,907 specimens, mostly juveniles ( < 82 cm total length), have been tagged and released in waters off the edge of the Argentine shelf and slope between 37° S and 47° S (northern Sector of the Argentine fishing ground), and east of De los Estados Island and south of Tierra del Fuego (54° S-57° S  southern Sector of the Argentine fishing ground). A total of 121 specimens were recaptured: 25 (20.7%) were recovered in the northern Sector, 84 (69.4%) in the southern Sector and 12 (9.9%) in waters of the Pacific Ocean in Chile. A total of 67.5% were recaptured within 20 nm (37 km) of the release site and 15% traveled distances of less than 120 nm. A smaller fraction (5%) traveled distances between 120 and 400 nm and only 12.5% were recaptured at more than 400 nm. Using a Generalized Additive Model, it was determined that variables Days at liberty, Sector and Time of tagging were influential in the distance traveled by specimens. From the present work, it seems evident that this species possesses high site fidelity and lacks cyclic migratory movements involving a substantial component of the stock in the American southern cone.
AUTOMATED ONLINE REMOTE PROCTORING SYSTEM

: E-learning and online-courses have gained popularity over the last decade due to its adaptability, accessibility, and user friendliness. But preserving the integrity of the examination is challenging. In this study, we describe a technique for avoiding a proctor's physical presence throughout the exam by developing a thorough multi-modal system. We have utilized hardware, such as webcam, video and audio in addition to actively capturing windows. This combination serves as the input to a smart rule-based inference engine, which can determine whether malpractice has occurred. We specifically detect head pose, eyeball and mobile phone and person detection as a vision based technique. The face of the examinee is recognized, and feature points are extracted from it to estimate a head pose. On the basis of changes in the face angle, the existence of audio, and active window capture, misconduct is discovered. The results of the experiment demonstrated that our system outperformed the existing systems.
Dynamical reconstruction of the upper-ocean state in the Central Arctic during the winter period of the MOSAiC Expedition

The Arctic Ocean is a region important for global and regional climate. Although generally quiescent compared to mid-latitudes, the upper Arctic ocean hosts mesoscale and smaller scale processes. These processes can have a profound impact on vertical ocean fluxes, stratification, and feedback with the sea ice and atmosphere. Sparse and non-synoptic in-situ observations of the polar oceans are limited by the distribution of manual observing platforms and autonomous instrumen-tation. Analyzing observational data to assess tracer field gradients and upper ocean dynamics becomes highly challenging 5 when measurement platforms drift with the ice pack due to continuous changes in drift speed direction. This work presents a dynamical reconstruction of the ocean state, based on observations of the Multidisciplinary Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) experiment. Overall, the model can reproduce the lateral and vertical structure of the temperature, salinity, and density fields, which allows for projecting dynamically consistent features of these fields onto a regular grid. We identify two separate depth ranges of enhanced eddy kinetic energy, which are located around two maxima in buoyancy frequency: the 10 depth of the upper halocline and the depth of the warm (modified) Atlantic Water. Simulations reveals a notable decrease in surface layer salinity and density towards the north, accompanied by high variability in the mixed layer depth in the south-north direction. And no significant horizontal gradients in salinity and density fields but an increase in mixed layer depth from west to east 0.084 m/km gradient with 0.6 m/km standard deviation, indicating opposite characteristics compared to the south-north direction. The model resolves several stationary eddies in the warm Atlantic Water and provides insights into the associated 15 dynamics. The obtained three-dimensional fields of temperature and salinity can be used for further analysis of the thermo-haline structure and related dynamics associated with submesoscale processes in the Central Arctic. Dynamic characteristics and eddy fields can be used for further analysis and comparison with state-of-the-art climate and Earth System Models. The developed nudging method can be used to utilize future observational data obtained from a diverse set of instruments.
Description and performance of the CARMA sectional aerosol microphysical model in CESM2

We implemented the Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA) in both the high and low-top model versions of the Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2). CARMA is a sectional microphysical model, which we use for aerosol in both the troposphere and stratosphere. CARMA is fully coupled to chemistry, clouds, radiation, and transport routines in CESM2. This development enables the comparison of simulations with a sectional (CARMA) and a modal (MAM4) aerosol microphysical model in the same modeling framework. The new implementation of CARMA 5 has been adopted from previous work with some additions that align with the current CESM2 MAM4 implementation. The main updates include an interactive secondary organic aerosol description in CARMA using the volatility basis set (VBS) approach, updated wet removal, and the use of transient emissions of aerosols and trace gases. In addition, we implemented an alternative aerosol nucleation scheme in CARMA, which is also used in MAM4. Detailed comparisons of stratospheric aerosol properties after the Mt Pinatubo eruption reveal the importance of prescribing sulfur injections in a larger region rather than 10 in a single column to better represent the observed evolution of aerosols. Both CARMA and MAM4 in CESM2 are able to represent stratospheric and tropospheric aerosol properties reasonably well compared to observations. Several differences in the performance of the two aerosol models show, in general, an improved representation of aerosols using the sectional aerosol model in CESM2. These include a better representation of the aerosol size distribution after the Mt Pinatubo volcanic eruption in CARMA compared to MAM4. MAM4 produces on average smaller aerosols and less removal than CARMA, which results 15 in a larger total mass. Both CARMA and MAM4 reproduce stratospheric Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) within the errorbar of the observations between 2001 and 2020, except for recent larger volcanic eruptions that are overestimated by both model configurations. The CARMA background surface area density and aerosol size distribution in the stratosphere and troposphere compare well to observations, with some underestimation of the Aitken-mode size range. MAM4 shows shortcomings in reproducing coarse-mode aerosol distributions in the stratosphere and troposphere. This work outlines additional development 20 needs for CESM2 CARMA to improve the model compared to observations in both the troposphere and stratosphere. 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-79 Preprint. Discussion started: 25 April 2023 c © Author(s) 2023. CC BY 4.0 License.
NF- (cid:2) B Is Activated in Cholestasis and Functions to Reduce Liver Injury

Selected bile acids activate a nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- (cid:2) B)-dependent survival signaling cascade in cul-tured hepatocytes. These data suggest that in cholestasis where liver tissue bile acid concentrations are increased, NF- (cid:2) B should be activated and inhibition of NF- (cid:2) B should potentiate liver injury. Our aims were to test these two predictions. Cholestasis was obtained by common bile duct ligation in mice. NF- (cid:2) B activation was demonstrated in nuclear extracts by the electrophoretic mobility gel shift assay from 3-day bile duct-ligated (BDL) mice but not in controls. Immunohistochemistry for NF- (cid:2) B demonstrated nuclear localization in hepatocytes of BDL mice consistent with its activation in this liver cell type. Electrophoretic mobility gel shift assay and immunohistochemistry for NF- (cid:2) B in BDL tumor necrosis factor-receptor 1 knockout mice demonstrated hepatocyte NF- (cid:2) B activation, suggesting that tumor necrosis factor- (cid:3) was not responsible for the activation of this transcription factor. Liver injury was assessed in BDL mice after administration of the adenovirus 5 inhibitor of kappa B superrepressor (Ad5I (cid:2) Bsr) to inhibit NF- (cid:2) B. TUNEL-positive cells and serum alanine aminotransferase values were increased at least threefold in mice treated with the Ad5I (cid:2) Bsr versus the empty virus. Liver histology also demonstrated increased liver injury in the BDL mice treated with the Ad5I (cid:2) Bsr. In conclusion, NF- (cid:2)
Vinci Salvini! Boosting engagement in the 2019 European elections campaign in Italy

Our study examines the 2019 European elections campaign in the Italian Twittersphere and the online activity of Matteo Salvini, former Italian Interior Minister and leader of the League. We consider the social media contest Vinci Salvini! (“Win Salvini! ”) and we demonstrate how gamification, in the form of casual games, can affect participation and content visibility. The contest involved less committed citizens, offering an easy and interruptible mode of participation, crowdsourcing part of the campaign effort to them. Motivated by simple rewards, they spread the leader’s messages more and faster than other users, affecting in turn the algorithmic logic of the platforms. Therefore, we conclude that although online participation is very skewed, gamification can rebalance and widen it
RICHARD 1.0 - Routine for the Isolation of Chemical Hotspots in Atmospheric Research Data

Here, we introduce version 1.0 of the RICHARD algorithm, a R outine for the I solation of C hemical H otspots in A tmospheric R esearch D ata, e.g. in satellite measurement datasets (level-2 and above) or atmospheric chemistry model output. The overall goal of the algorithm is to identify "hotspot" areas in which local enhancements of an atmospheric constituent can only occur due to strong local emissions. To detect hotspot areas, we use a mathematical method that combines spatiotemporal proxy data for calibration purposes and a selection algorithm in a novel way. For each input ﬁle family (e.g. the near surface 5 mixing ratio or the tropospheric partial column of atmospheric constituents as a function of longitude and latitude) we deﬁne a structure quotient by which the algorithm decides - based on a threshold value - whether at a particular iteration step the hotspot area criteria are met and if they are kept for further calculations or not. The python based command line tool
Shear-driven formation of olivine veins by dehydration of ductile serpentinite: a numerical study with implications for transient weakening

Serpentinite subduction and the associated formation of dehydration veins is important for subduction zone dynamics and water cycling. Field observations suggest that en-échelon olivine veins in serpentinite mylonites formed by dehydration during simultaneous shearing of ductile serpentinite. Here, we test a hypothesis of shear-driven formation of dehydration veins with a two-dimensional hydro-mechanical-chemical numerical model. We consider the reaction antigorite + brucite = forsterite + water. Shearing is viscous and the shear viscosity decreases exponentially with porosity. The total and fluid pressures are initially homogeneous and in the antigorite stability field. Initial perturbations in porosity, and hence viscosity, cause fluid pressure perturbations. Dehydration nucleates where the fluid pressure decreases locally below the thermodynamic pressure defining the reaction boundary. Dehydration veins grow during progressive simple-shearing in a direction parallel to the maximum principal stress, without involving fracturing. The porosity evolution associated with dehydration reactions is controlled to approximately equal parts by three mechanisms: volumetric deformation, solid density variation and reactive mass transfer. The temporal evolution of dehydration veins is controlled by three characteristic time scales for shearing, mineral-reaction kinetics and fluid-pressure diffusion. The modelled vein formation is self-limiting and slows down due to fluid flow decreasing fluid pressure gradients. Mineral-reaction kinetics must be significantly faster than fluid-pressure diffusion to generate forsterite during vein formation. The self-limiting feature can explain the natural observation of many, small olivine veins and the absence of few, large veins. We further discuss implications for transient weakening during metamorphism and episodic tremor and slow-slip in subduction zones.
pa-Body Measurements for Designing Hip Dislocation Prevention Garment in Children with Cerebral Palsy

This study aims to provide basic size data for the development of a hip dislocation prevention garment for cerebral palsy (CP) children and useful information for the design of garment products for CP children through identifying differences in body shape between CP and non-CP children and reviewing the tibial-stature prediction formulas of previous studies. Forty-seven Korean children with CP aged 2 to 14 years were measured for body size from October 2019 to August 2020. Body measurements of 18 sites, including greater trochanter length, which is an important site for a hip dislocation prevention garment, were collected and analyzed. Data of non-CP children were taken from same age of Size Korea and compared. Tibial-stature prediction formulas suggested in four previous studies were also reviewed. CP children had significantly lower stature as well as circumferential dimensions when compared to non-CP children. Greater trochanter length is difficult to predict through other body dimensions. Thus, direct measurement is required. Of the general key dimensions used in the clothing industry, only hip circumference could explain the body shape of CP children. Tibial-stature prediction formulas cannot always but tend to largely predict the actual stature of CP children.
Identifiability in Matrix Sparse Factorization

Matrix sparse factorization is a multilinear inverse problem where given an observed matrix Z and some sparsity constraints, one tries to recover some sparse factors for which the matrix product is equal to Z. In order to better understand how to design provably good algorithms for matrix sparse factorization, this work provides some identifiability results in the case of matrix sparse factorization with only two factors, i.e., some conditions for which the observation Z is sufficient to recover without ambiguity the pair of sparse factors (X,Y ) for which XY = Z, up to unavoidable permutation and scaling ambiguities due to the nature of matrix product. In particular, this work analyzes two important problem variations: the case where one of the two factors is fixed, and the case where the support of each factor is fixed. In the first case, identifiability of the right factor when the left factor is fixed can be characterized by using linear independence of specific subsets of columns in the fixed left factor. In the second case, identifiability with a fixed pair of supports can be characterized by iterative completability, i.e., the fact that the rank 1 matrices induced by the product between one column of the left factor and one row of the right factor can be completed one by one. Characterization of identifiability in these two specific problem variations allows us to establish some important necessary conditions for identifiability in the general case, which can lead in a future work to general conditions of identifiability in matrix sparse factorization.
An Optimized Approach for Automated Short Answer Grading using Hybrid Deep Learning Model with PSO

— In recent years, research into automatic grading has accelerated significantly. Right now, there has never been a greater need for an effective ASAG system. The start of the pandemic and the switch to online learning have given the research even more momentum. Several methods have been suggested by authors from around the world to resolve the ASAG task. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate how models based on Transfer Learning and optimization methods using swarm intelligence can be utilized to grade short answers. In the proposed research, we introduce a short answer grading system using BERT, BiLSTM, CNN with PSO optimization. To increase the performance of the scoring systems, we optimize the input features using PSO and then given to the hybrid deep learning based model consisting of the BERT, BiLSTM and CNN to classify the answers as correct, partially correct and incorrect. The model is tested using the base line data set i.e., Mohler data set as well as a newly created Computer Science data set in Indian context (CSDSIC). Various experiments are conducted to test the performance of the model. The performance metrics used for evaluating the model are accuracy and root mean squared error. Model shows an accuracy of 92%.
The Effects of Information Acquisition on Mergers and Acquisitions: Evidence from SEC EDGAR Web Traffic

I test the impact of information acquisition (proxied by SEC EDGAR web traffic) on market informativeness about deal value creation in mergers and acquisitions (M&As). Information acquisition about merging firms, industry rivals, and supply-chain firms enhance short-term market reactions informativeness about long-term merger operating synergies. The effects are more pronounced among M&As with more sophisticated investors, new information, and pre-merger information asymmetry. Furthermore, information acquisition about merging firms improves the market’s assessment of financial synergies. In addition, non-deal related firms with more downloads experience an increase in subsequent takeover probability. The evidence from difference-in-differences analysis and instrumental approach analysis suggests potential casual effects of information acquisition on market reaction informativeness. Overall, this paper demonstrates that information acquisition improves the market’s assessment of value creation in M&As. JEL Classification: G14, D81, G34
Relationship between Job Satisfaction, Work Stress, Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention of Chinese Medicine Practitioners in Hong Kong

Background: Chinese medicine (CM) industry has developed rapidly in recent years, but the turnover rate among Chinese medicine practitioners (CMPs) in Hong Kong is relatively high. The research on this issue is insufficient, inevitably giving rise to hidden concerns regarding the development of the CM industry. Purpose: Explores the relationship between job satisfaction, work stress and organizational commitment among CMPs in Hong Kong and their turnover intention. Its results provide guidance regarding the CM industry's management and suggest future research directions. Design: Online questionnaire was used to collect data on qualified CMPs in Hong Kong for investigation. After the pilot questionnaire, statistical analysis was used to correct the problem.