Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Detection Method for Nodular Shadows from Temporal Subtraction Images Using A Machine Learning Technique Incorporated Radiomics Features

Lung cancer progresses rapidly, and early detection and treatment are important. Computed tomography (CT) equipment is mainly used for the examination. However, the number of CT images is huge and places a heavy burden on physicians. Therefore, a computer aided diagnosis (CAD) system is necessary to overcome these problem. One of the CAD is temporal subtraction technique. The technique is that performs a subtraction operation using the current and past images of the same patient to remove normal structures and emphasize newly appearing areas that have changed over time. However, because two images taken at different dates are used, artifacts due to misalignment often occur. Therefore, it is necessary to classify partial images with high false-positive rates and enhanced temporal changes into lesions and normal tissue. In this paper, the temporal subtraction image generation method is used to extract candidate areas of abnormal shadows as initial shadows. The proposed method was applied to 22 cases of chest CT images, and the results showed that the proposed method achieved a discrimination accuracy of Accuracy=74.54, TPR=72.65, FPR=22.59, and AUC=79.16 in XGBoost, which is a kind of machine learning method.
Data Report: Paleomagnetic Measurements of Igneous Rocks from Shatsky Rise Expedition 324

Five sites were cored on Shatsky Rise, an oceanic plateau, during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 324 to gain a better understanding of its formation processes. To augment and improve the shipboard paleomagnetic results, an additional 135 samples from Sites U1346–U1348 and U1350 were measured at the Northwest Paleomagnetism Laboratory at Western Washington University (USA). Samples from all sites were demagnetized using either alternating field (AF) or thermal demagnetization in approximately equal numbers. Most samples display a downwarddirected overprint likely caused by the drill string magnetic field. This overprint was typically removed by ~10–15 mT AF demagnetization or ~300°C thermal demagnetization. AF demagnetization generally worked well to isolate a characteristic remanence direction, with samples mostly showing low ( 350°–400°C. Some samples showed small sections of self-reversal during thermal demagnetization. Changes in inclination over depth showed little variation at Sites U1346 and U1347, but more variation was recorded at Site U1350. Hysteresis analysis showed that samples from all sites reside in the single-domain to pseudosingle domain region of the Day plot.
Geographical Distribution and Multimethod Species Identification of Forensically Important Necrophagous Flies on Hainan Island

Simple Summary Forensic entomology offers unique advantages for the minimum postmortem interval (PMImin) estimation of decomposed corpses in forensic investigations. Molecular identification has become a routine and accurate tool. In this study, the community structure of the necrophagous flies on Hainan Island was investigated in detail according to the geographical environment. A GenBank database was preliminarily constructed to provide reference data for species identification in this area. We found that a high-resolution melt (HRM) curve analysis was a fast, cost-effective method for the species identification of flies. This study enriches the database of forensically important flies in tropical rainforest regions. Abstract Forensic entomology offers unique advantages for the minimum postmortem interval (PMImin) estimation of decomposed corpses in forensic investigations. Accurate species identification and up-to-date locality information are essential. Hainan Island has a tropical rainforest climate and a vast territory. In this study, the community structure of necrophagous flies on Hainan Island was investigated in detail according to geographical environment. The results showed that the dominant species included C. megacephala, S. peregrina, C. rufifacies, S. misera, H. ligurriens, S. sericea, S. cinerea, S. dux, C. pinguis, and M. domestica. Furthermore, C. rufifacies and C. villeneuvi were found only in the high-altitude areas of Wuzhi Mountain, while S. cinerea was distributed only in coastal areas; the latter is a representative species of Hainan Island and has not been reported before. Furthermore, a GenBank database of forensically important flies was established, whilst a high-resolution melt (HRM) curve analysis was applied to identify the common species of Hainan Island for the first time. This study enriches the database of forensically important flies in tropical rainforest regions.
Cochlear synaptopathy and hidden hearing loss: a scoping review

ABSTRACT Purpose To identify the pathophysiological definitions adopted by studies investigating “cochlear synaptopathy” (CS) and “hidden hearing loss” (HHL). Research strategies The combination of keywords “Auditory Synaptopathy” or “Neuronal Synaptopathy” or “Hidden Hearing Loss” with “etiology” or “causality” or “diagnosis” was used in the databases EMBASE, Pubmed (MEDLINE), CINAHL (EBSCO), and Web of Science. Selection criteria Studies that investigated CS or HHL in humans using behavioral and/or electrophysiological procedures were included. Data analysis Data analysis and extraction were performed with regard to terminology, definitions, and population. Results 49 articles were included. Of these, 61.2% used the CS terminology, 34.7% used both terms, and 4.1% used HHL. The most-studied conditions were exposure to noise and tinnitus. Conclusion CS terminology was used in most studies, referring to the pathophysiological process of deafferentiation between the cochlear nerve fibers and inner hair cells.
Updates in Cleft Care

Abstract Cleft lip and/or palate is a congenital malformation with a wide range of presentations, and its effective treatment necessitates sustained, comprehensive care across an affected child's life. Early diagnosis, ideally through prenatal imaging or immediately postbirth, is paramount. Access to longitudinal care and long-term follow-up with a multidisciplinary approach, led by the recommendations of the American Cleft Palate Association, is the best way to ensure optimal outcomes. Multiple specialties including plastic surgery, otolaryngology, speech therapy, orthodontists, psychologists, and audiologists all may be indicated in the care of the child. Primary repair of the lip, nose, and palate are generally conducted during infancy. Postoperative care demands meticulous oversight to detect potential complications. If necessary, revisional surgeries should be performed before the child begin primary school. As the child matures, secondary procedures like alveolar bone grafting and orthognathic surgery may be requisite. The landscape of cleft care has undergone significant transformation since early surgical correction, with treatment plans now tailored to the specific type and severity of the cleft. The purpose of this text is to outline the current standards of care in children born with cleft lip and/or palate and to highlight ongoing advancements in the field.
DOC: A Novel DOuble-Contour-Based Macro Placement Framework for Mixed-Size Designs

Due to the rapid technology scaling and complexity increasing in modern IC designs, a chip often contains thousands of macros and millions of standard cells. In the back-end physical design, the placement becomes a significant challenge in the presence of large number of macros nowadays. To swiftly obtain low-power, high-efficiency, and low-cost chips, design factors such as total wirelength is usually considered as an important matric during placement stage. Conventionally, the position of the macro in initial placement is roughly determined by minimizing the wirelength at prototyping stage. After that, at macro placement stage, the location of each macro is adjusted to form a legal placement solution without increasing total wirelength. Finally, standard cells are placed based on the macro placement result. Among all three stages, the macro placement stage is crucial since the macro placement result will seriously impact the quality of standard cell placement as well as total wirelength. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel macro placement framework with the concept of "double contour" to find legal placement result of macros with minimum total wirelength. Specifically, our framework can be divided into two stages, the legal placement stage and optimization stage. In legal placement stage, we apply two contours which macro can be align with so the solution space is increased and the better legal placement result could be obtained. In optimization stage, we propose a simulated annealing based (SA-based) approach to further optimize the result by flipping and finegrained moving macros. Experimental results show that our method can reduce total wirelength up to 12.5% compared with conventional single-contour-based method.
The Influence of Pro-Environmental Behavior, Lifestyle and Eating Behavior of Consumers on Food Waste and Loss Prevention Behavior Mediated by Environmental Awareness of Star Hotel Consumers in Padang City

This research aims to determine The Influence of Pro-environmental behavior, Lifestyle and Eating behavior of Consumers on Food waste and loss prevention behavior Mediated by Environmental Awareness of Star Hotel Consumers in Padang City. This research is explanatory research. The population in this study were all hotel guests who stayed and ate at star hotel restaurants in Padang City, with a sample size of 200 people. The sampling technique used purposive sampling technique. The data analysis method uses Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results of this research show that pro-environmental behavior has a negative and significant effect on food waste and loss prevention behavior. Meanwhile, lifestyle has no effect on behavior to prevent food waste and loss. then eating behavior and environmental awareness have a positive and significant effect on food waste and loss prevention behavior. However, after being mediated by environmental awareness variables, pro-environmental behavior and lifestyle had no effect on food waste and loss prevention behavior which was mediated by environmental awareness. Meanwhile, eating behavior has a positive and significant effect on food waste and loss prevention behavior which is mediated by environmental awareness. It is hoped that the results of this research will increase efforts in providing knowledge and awareness about these factors so that they can have a positive impact on food waste and loss prevention behavior, by conducting educational and counseling campaigns about the importance of pro-environmental behavior, environmentally friendly lifestyles, eating behavior. good practices, and environmental awareness in reducing food waste and loss.
Ethno Medicinal Plants used by Tribal Communities for the Treatment of Snakebite in West Nimar, MP, India

Seven Village of Khargone district of Madhya Pradesh, India were selected for observing folklore claims on some plant species used for the treatment of snakebite. Various plants parts are being used in different ways. The study revealed 26 taxa belonging to 25 genera and 16 families of flowering plants. To ascertain credibility of folklore claims, a comparison on use has been made.
Initial results from the ICEMELT Experiment: Body‐wave delay times and shear‐wave splitting across Iceland

We present results from the first stage of the ICEMELT broadband seismometer experiment designed to determine upper mantle structure beneath Iceland, a hotspot located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Relative delays of teleseismic body waves across Iceland are in excess of l s for P waves and as large as 3 s for S waves. The patterns of P and S wave delays suggest a low-velocity anomaly in the upper few hundred kilometers beneath central Iceland, consistent with the signature of mantle upwelling beneath a hotspot. Shear-wave splitting measurements of the fast polarization direction ϕ and the delay time δt between the fast and slow shear waves have been obtained at several network stations. Splitting times range from 0.7 to 1.7 s, and fast directions are generally between N20°W and N45°W. While splitting times of this magnitude must be primarily signatures of the anisotropy of the Icelandic upper mantle, the directions of fast polarization are inconsistent with simple models of horizontally diverging flow either in the plate spreading direction or radially from the center of the hotspot. A hypothesis consistent with splitting data obtained to date is that the dominant contribution to upper mantle anisotropy is from the large-scale mantle flow field of the North Atlantic.
Role of the Seasonal Cycle in the Subduction Rates of Upper–Southern Ocean Waters

AbstractA kinematic approach is used to diagnose the subduction rates of upper–Southern Ocean waters across seasonally migrating density outcrops at the base of the mixed layer. From an Eulerian viewpoint, the term representing the temporal change in the mixed layer depth (which is labeled as the temporal induction in this study; i.e., Stemp = ∂h/∂t where h is the mixed layer thickness, and t is time) vanishes over several annual cycles. Following seasonally migrating density outcrops, however, the temporal induction is attributed partly to the temporal change in the mixed layer thickness averaged over a density outcrop following its seasonally varying position and partly to the lateral movement of the outcrop position intersecting the sloping mixed layer base. Neither the temporal induction following an outcrop nor its integral over the outcrop area vanishes over several annual cycles. Instead, the seasonal eddy subduction, which arises primarily because of the subannual correlations between the seasonal.
Tight-binding simulation of graphene nanoantenna based on Boltzmann equation and finite difference time-domain method

We focus on developing a simulation framework for a graphene-based antenna using finite difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Based on the FDTD framework, we consider the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the 2-D space including graphene plane, where the complex graphene conductivity model is employed to take into account the presence of graphene nanoantenna region. In deriving the graphene surface conductivity, we consider the band structure of graphene starting from the atomistic tight-binding model, where the conduction and valence bands meet each other at the K point. In the vicinity of this point, called Dirac point, the dispersion relation is almost linear. Based on such linear dispersion relation near the Dirac point, we calculate the complex graphene surface conductivity in frequency domain based on Boltzmann equation, which can be utilized directly within the FDTD framework. The proposed simulation framework has been successfully worked and we calculated the current density on the surface of graphene nanoantenna.
Análisis de Deserción-Permanencia de Estudiantes Universitarios Utilizando Técnica de Clasificación en Minería de Datos

Academic information is analyzed to identify the factors that have more impact on desertion of students of Computer Science Engineering of the University Gaston Dachary in Argentina, by applying data mining techniques. The data source comes from the information provided by the student when they entered the university (personal and educational background) and information generated during the studies. Data are selected and analyzed using different criteria for the representation and application of classification algorithms such as decision trees, bayesian networks and rules. Influential variables on desertion are identified: passed courses, number and grades of courses, origin and age of student when he/she entered the university. Through this process it was possible to identify several variables that characterize the cases of desertion and its relation with academic achievement, especially during the first year of study.
Factors Influencing Consumer Purchasing Behaviour: A Study of Honda

Honda is a competitive brand in the automobile industry with a growing popularity among the public. Hence, Honda has always tried to innovate and make its product different from others which are still preferred by the public. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that are influencing consumer purchasing behaviour towards Honda cars to provide useful insights regarding the buying pattern of consumers to assist the management in their future marketing strategies. The factors that affect customers purchasing behaviour towards Honda’s vehicle are price, service quality, perceived usefulness and brand loyalty. The research was conducted through primary data sources such as surveys and secondary data sources such as website research. We employed a quantitative research method, surveyed and collected data from 160 participants through an online survey questionnaire. The findings showed that customers are concerned about the brand loyalty and service quality the most while purchasing Honda vehicles. These are helpful for the company to implement strategies and grasp more customers as well as continuous improvement towards its performance.
Simulation Challenges of SiC MOSFET Switching Performance and Reliability

This paper describes a holistic SiC MOSFET simulation flow with a focus on switching and reliability performance in the form of Short-Circuit validation. Several key physical aspects native to SiC MOSFETs are elucidated in TCAD simulations. A novel link between TCAD and SPICE is demonstrated. This link leads into a full SPICE model calibration simultaneously to typical power converter operating regions and Short-Circuit reliability.
Transitory Activation and Improved Transition from Erosion to Formation within Intracortical Bone Remodeling in Hypoparathyroid Patients Treated with rhPTH(1–84)

In hypoparathyroidism, lack of parathyroid hormone (PTH) leads to low calcium levels and decreased bone remodeling. Treatment with recombinant human PTH (rhPTH) may normalize bone turnover. This study aimed to investigate whether rhPTH(1–84) continued to activate intracortical bone remodeling after 30 months and promoted the transition from erosion to formation and whether this effect was transitory when rhPTH(1–84) was discontinued. Cortical histomorphometry was performed on 60 bone biopsies from patients (aged 31 to 78 years) with chronic hypoparathyroidism randomized to either 100 μg rhPTH(1–84) a day (n = 21) (PTH) or similar placebo (n = 21) (PLB) for 6 months as add‐on to conventional therapy. This was followed by an open‐label extension, where patients extended their rhPTH(1–84) (PTH) (n = 5), continued conventional treatment (CON) (n = 5), or withdrew from rhPTH(1–84) and resumed conventional therapy (PTHw) for an additional 24 months (n = 8). Bone biopsies were collected at months 6 (n = 42) and 30 (n = 18). After 6 and 30 months, the overall cortical microarchitecture (cortical porosity, thickness, pore density, and mean pore diameter) in the PTH group did not differ from that of the PLB/CON and PTHw groups. Still, the PTH group had a significantly and persistently higher percentage of pores undergoing remodeling than the PLB/CON groups. A significantly higher percentage of these pores was undergoing bone formation in the PTH compared with the PLB/CON groups, whereas the percentage of pores with erosion only was not different. This resulted in a shift in the ratio between formative and eroded pores, reflecting a faster transition from erosion to formation in the PTH‐treated patients. In the rhPTH(1–84) withdrawal group PTHw, the latter effects of PTH were completely reversed in comparison to those of the PLB/CON groups. In conclusion, rhPTH(1–84) replacement therapy in hypoparathyroidism patients promotes intracortical remodeling and its transition from erosion to formation without affecting the overall cortical microstructure. The effect persists for at least 30 months and is reversible when treatment is withdrawn. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Automated Extraction of Sediment Core and Scale Segments from Core Scanner Images

In this paper we report on semantic segmentation of images of sediment cores obtained from core scanners. Such images usually encompass several objects beyond the essential parts showing the core itself and the measuring scale (typically a ruler or some sort of tape measure), which might be necessary for imaging or physically holding the material, but are irrelevant for the analysis of cores. Moreover, such objects are obstacles to analyzing cores in an automated manner by image processing or deep learning methods. As part of development of a toolkit for automated analysis of sediment cores, we show that the essential parts of the images - core itself and scale reference - can be extracted with high accuracy, using well-established convolutional architectures for semantic segmentation, such as Unet.
Structural and Functional Features of Mesophytic Forests in the East‐Central United States

Abstract Structural characteristics and functional properties of trees are used to investigate regional-scale variation in forest structure in mesophytic forests of the southeastern United States. Compositional data for 112 sites from Braun (1950) are recast into numerical expressions of structural features (e.g., leaf form, bark thickness, and seed weight) and functional traits (e.g., shade tolerance, dispersal agency, and windfirmness) of forests. These data are analyzed by principal components analysis to arrange sites on the basis of structural similarity and to interpret links between forest structure and environmental gradients of available moisture, soil fertility, and disturbance regime. Principal components analysis generates a triangular array of stands, with hemlock/spruce sites, hardwood coves, and dry upland forests at the vertices. Hardwood coves on mesic, fertile substrates are associated with small, simple leaves, gravity seed dispersal, and a high degree of windfirmness. Hemlock/spruce si.
Six-Plate and Hybrid-Dielectric Capacitive Coupler for Underwater Wireless Power Transfer

This article presents a novel design approach for a six-plate horizontal coupler for underwater capacitive power transfer (CPT). The coupler comprises four power transfer plates and two shielding plates that effectively prevent external interference and reduce its potential as an interference source. Unlike prior six-plate CPT coupler designs, this approach employs different dielectric materials between the plates. Specifically, water acts as the dielectric between the transmitting/receiving side plates, whereas air is used between the same-side power transfer plates and shielding plates. This selection of materials significantly reduces the ratio of self-capacitance to mutual capacitance due to the high permittivity of water as compared to air. Consequently, the coupling coefficient of the six-plate coupler is enhanced, leading to increased efficiency while maintaining electric field shielding. Experimental results from a 5-kW prototype with 200-mm side length plates and 10-mm air layer thickness demonstrated a dc–dc efficiency of 87.2% over a 60 mm distance in freshwater testing. Additionally, the coupler demonstrated relative insensitivity to misalignment, with the efficiency remaining at 84.3% when offset by 50 mm and 81.4% for a transfer distance increase to 100 mm. These findings highlight the potential for this novel design to be utilized in challenging underwater transfer scenarios.