Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Persons and Citizens in Constitutional Thought

The ideas of citizenship and personhood have an ambiguous relationship in constitutional thought. Often, they are understood as aligned, even identical. Claims for “equal citizenship” and “democratic citizenship” are, in effect, claims on behalf of the rights and recognition of individuals qua persons. Frequently, however, citizenship and personhood are regarded as opposing concepts. Whereas citizenship references national belonging and its associated rights, personhood evokes the rights and dignity of individuals independent of national status. Personhood stands for the universal, in contrast to citizenship, which is ultimately exclusionary. Much of the ambiguity of the personhood-citizenship relationship results from the multivalence of the idea of citizenship itself. Analytically, the term is used to reference both re lations among already-presumed members of a political community and the process of constituting that community in the first instance. Normatively, citizenship is understood as committed to universalism within the community, but in its community-constitutive mode, it is associated with bounded national commitments. Idealized accounts treat citizenship as a concept that works to mediate between universality and boundedness and ultimately to accommodate them: in this view, that is precisely citizenship’s function and its value. Citizenship is thus represented as both the embodiment of the universal and as the framing precondition for it. In earlier work, I have shown that the accommodation of the universal and particular that citizenship purports to stand for is often unstable and internally contradictory. Here, I am interested in thinking about constitutional personhood’s own hang-ups. Personhood as a preferred basis for constitutional subject status raises as many questions as it answers, and in the context of constitutional thought, it promises much more than it can deliver. This essay sketches out some directions for a critical reading of the idea of “constitutional personhood. ”
Education on population matters in Europe: results from a comparative survey among students in five European countries

In 1996–1997, within the framework of the European Observatory for Population Education and Information, a comparative survey was conducted among students in final classes of secondary education in several European countries. On the one hand, the survey attempted to assess the effects of education on population in terms of knowledge acquired; the issues addressed in the questionnaire pertained to knowledge of demographic facts and trends (such as the ageing of Western societies and immigration). On the other hand it tried to ascertain students' opinions on demographic trends. What are young people's views on intergenerational solidarity, how tolerant are they towards immigrants, what are their views on recent changes in family structures? This knowledge is important since it is young people's attitudes and future behaviour that will help to shape both the social tissue and the economic prosperity of the European and world population. In this article we present a comparative analysis of survey results obta.
GaN Devices on a 200 mm Si Platform Targeting Heterogeneous Integration

GaN-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were fabricated on 200-mm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates possessing multiple crystal orientations. These SOI substrates have the Si (100)-SiO<sub>2</sub>-Si (111) structure, which allows Si (111) to be exposed below the buried oxide to enable GaN epitaxial growth adjacent to Si (100). The current collapse in GaN HEMTs of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$< 150 \times 150~\mu \text{m}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> patterns is 2%–6%, which is remarkably lower than the devices on blanket materials. We believe that stress relaxation resulting from substrate patterning contributes to the reduction of current collapse. By creating small GaN patterns on a larger diameter Si wafer, co-integration of GaN with Si technology may be possible.
Globalization and the preparation of quality teachers: rethinking knowledge domains for teaching

Preparing quality teachers has become a global concern as all nations strive for excellence at all levels. Yet, there is little consensus around what constitutes quality and how quality teachers might best be attained. This article takes up the issue of quality teacher preparation by exploring several pivotal questions: What might quality teaching mean in a global context? What should globally competent teachers know and be able to do? What are some of the issues, dilemmas, barriers, or structures that seem to interfere with teacher education reform and hinder movement towards internationalization in teacher preparation? The discussion is framed by five knowledge domains for teaching and articulates how these domains could support quality teaching in a global context.
A PARALLEL MODEL FOR MULTIMEDIA RETRIEVAL BASED ON MULTIDIMENSIONAL SIGNAL STRUCTURE

In this paper, we propose a parallel, unified model for the indexing and retrieval by content of multimedia data using multiresolution processing. Each multimedia data type can be represented by k-dimensional (k-d) signals in the spatio-temporal domain. (1) These k-d signals are separated into small blocks and then formed into a multidimensional tree structure, called a k-tree. Using the k-tree structure, the retrieval time improves while the retrieval accuracy remains relatively constant. Moreover, since we can realize all types of multimedia data using the same k-tree data structure, the data indexing and retrieval algorithms are uniform. We demonstrate a parallel algorithm that can be used with this uniform model. The parallel processing algorithm improves the retrieval time. We evaluated the performance results of multimedia database queries using a Beowulf-class cluster of workstations. The experimental results indicate that the retrieval accuracy improves with the utilized tree depth and has a minimal impact on the retrieval time.
Workplace changes and workplace learning: advantages of an educational micro perspective

This paper analyses two perspectives, a macro and a micro perspective, on changes in the workplace in relation to workplace learning. It critically evaluates what kind of phenomena both perspectives can account for. Research from a macro perspective focuses on changes in economy or on organisational change. It helps to explore the role of lifelong learning and workplace learning in society as well as to define required competences in different professions. Research from a micro perspective focuses on individual reactions to changes in one’s own workplace. It helps to explain how changes in daily work affect knowledge and skills on the individual or group level. It is argued that the micro perspectives is advantageous if educational goals are pursued which aim at fostering workplace learning and competence development. Examples for empirical research are provided which illustrate the potential of a micro perspective on workplace changes and workplace learning.
Supervising a social science undergraduate dissertation: staff experiences and perceptions

This article reports on a research project that investigated the experiences and perceptions of staff supervising final year social science undergraduates enrolled on a dissertation module in a post-1992 UK university. Using data from semi-structured interviews, the article explores staffs perspectives of the supervision process, the different approaches taken by staff to supervision and the challenges they face in supporting students through the dissertation journey. The paper offers a picture of the dissertation supervisors’ experiences and, it is hoped, will encourage other supervisors to interrogate their own supervision in light of the practice of colleagues.
Separation as an Important Risk Factor for Suicide: A Systematic Review

Examining how different phases of relationship separation effects the development of suicidal behaviors has been largely ignored in suicide studies. The few studies conducted suggest that individuals experiencing the acute phase of marital/de facto separation may be at greater risk of suicide compared with those experiencing long-term separation (divorce). To clarify the effects of these factors on detection and prevention of suicidal behaviors, a critical review of the English-language literature on this topic from 1966 to 2008 was undertaken. No studies reliably indicate the impacts of acute separation versus long-term divorce on suicidality. Moreover, research has not specifically addressed the interaction between the psychosocial factors influencing suicidal behaviors in the context of a marital/de facto separation. Considering the large proportion of suicides that occur in the context of marital/de facto separation, our limited understanding of the factors involved in the development of these suicidal behaviors is of concern.
An Alternative to Traditional Goodness-of-Fit Tests for Discretely Measured Continuous Data

Traditional goodness-of-fit tests such as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and 2 tests are easily applied to data of the continuous or discrete type, respectively. Occasionally, however, the case arises when continuous data are recorded into discrete categories due to an imprecise measurement system. In this instance, the traditional goodness-of-fit tests may not be wholly applicable because of an unmanageable number of ties in the data, sparse contingency tables, or both; therefore, a flexible alternative to goodness-of-fit tests for discretely measured continuous data is presented. The proposed methodology bootstraps confidence intervals for the difference between selected percentiles of the empirical distribution functions of two samples. Application of the approach is illustrated with a comparison of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) tree crown density distributions at the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles simultaneously. FOR . S CI. 53(5):590 -599.
Driving-Simulator-Based Test on the Effectiveness of Auditory Red-Light Running Vehicle Warning System Based on Time-To-Collision Sensor

The collision avoidance warning system is an emerging technology designed to assist drivers in avoiding red-light running (RLR) collisions at intersections. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of auditory warning information on collision avoidance behaviors in the RLR pre-crash scenarios and further to examine the casual relationships among the relevant factors. A driving-simulator-based experiment was designed and conducted with 50 participants. The data from the experiments were analyzed by approaches of ANOVA and structural equation modeling (SEM). The collisions avoidance related variables were measured in terms of brake reaction time (BRT), maximum deceleration and lane deviation in this study. It was found that the collision avoidance warning system can result in smaller collision rates compared to the without-warning condition and lead to shorter reaction times, larger maximum deceleration and less lane deviation. Furthermore, the SEM analysis illustrate that the audio warning information in fact has both direct and indirect effect on occurrence of collisions, and the indirect effect plays a more important role on collision avoidance than the direct effect. Essentially, the auditory warning information can assist drivers in detecting the RLR vehicles in a timely manner, thus providing drivers more adequate time and space to decelerate to avoid collisions with the conflicting vehicles.
Aspirates: Their development and depression in Ikalanga

This paper looks at the development of aspiration in Ikalanga (Kalanga) stops, a Bantu language of the Shona group classified in Guthrie as S. 16. As in many other languages, Ikalanga has phonemic aspiration. As a result, it makes a three-way contrast between voiceless non-aspirated stops, voiceless aspirated stops, and voiced stops. Aspiration in some of the Ikalanga stops developed from two factors : (i) the influence of the super close vowels of Proto-Bantu on the preceding voiceless stop and (ii) a nasal plus stop sequence in Proto-Bantu. Aspirated stops from a nasal+stop cluster are phonetically and phonologically distinct from other aspirated stops in that, in their interaction with High tones, they behave like depressor consonants. Thus, Ikalanga is shown to have two sets of depressor consonants: voiced obstruents, and breathy voice aspirates derived from Proto-Bantu nasal plus stop clusters.
Developing an Interpretation of Item Parameters for Personality Items: Content Correlates of Parameter Estimates

The research in this article attempted to relate content features of personality items to item parameter estimates from Muraki’s partial credit model. Goldberg’s Adjective Checklist was administered to 329 participants to calibrate item parameters. These parameters were then related to item ratings of social desirability, item subtlety, frequency of misunderstanding, and word usage frequency indexes. Subtle items tended to have lower discrimination parameter estimates. There was also an interaction between subtlety and social desirability such that items low in subtlety and high in social desirability had lower location parameters. Implications for future psychometric research in the personality domain are discussed.
The Globalization of Environmental Concern and The Limits of The Postmaterialist Values Explanation: Evidence from Four Multinational Surveys

Conventional wisdom has long held that widespread citizen concern for environmental quality is limited to wealthy nations. Both academics and policymakers assume that residents of poor nations are too preoccupied with satisfying their “material” needs to support the “postmaterialist” value of environmental protection. This view was challenged by results of Gallup's 24-nation “Health of the Planet” (HOP) survey conducted in 1992, as the HOP found highly inconsistent and often negative correlations between national affluence and environmental concern. The current article compares results from three waves of the “World Values Survey” (WVS) to those of the HOP. When appropriate measures of environmental concern are employed, the WVS results generally replicate those of the HOP, as in all three waves such concern correlates inconsistently with national affluence. The overall results suggest that citizen concern for the environment is not dependent on national affluence, nor on affluence-based postmaterialist values.
Power, institutions and the cross-national transfer of employment practices in multinationals

This article argues for the systematic incorporation of power and interests into analysis of the cross-border transfer of practices within multinational companies (MNCs). Using a broadly Lukesian perspective on power it is argued that the transfer of practices involves different kinds of power capabilities through which MNC actors influence their institutional environment both at the ‘macro-level’ of host institutions and the ‘micro-level’ of the MNC itself. The incorporation of an explicit account of the way power interacts with institutions at different levels, it is suggested, underpins a more convincing account of transfer than is provided by the dominant neoinstitutionalist perspective in international business, and leads to a heuristic model capable of generating proposed patterns of transfer outcomes that may be tested empirically in future research.
Commentary to ‘Multiple Grammars and second language representation’, by Luiz Amaral and Tom Roeper

In the field of second language acquisition, developmental optionality or variability is seen as the defining characteristic: ‘We must consider that perhaps the salient characteristic of interlanguages is that they are . somehow incomplete and in a state of flux’ (Adjémian, 1976: 308). Optionality is the angels and demons of language acquisition. That is, like Escher’s ‘Angels and demons’ drawing, optionality data presents an optical illusion capable of inducing diametrically opposed interpretations in the observers. Statistical learning approaches, such as found in MacWhinney (2005) or Ellis (1996), can correctly model gradualness but fail to make predictions about the basic architecture of the stages or the specificity of transfer, as they deny the existence of grammatical representations underlying linguistic behavior. Generative approaches focus on the formal nature of linguistic representations, and adopted either rule-based or parameterbased systems that translate into predictions about discrete changes in the grammar. The payoff of the principle and parameters model of acquisition coalesces primarily on the side of principles: children obey formal constraints on complex representations at astonishingly young ages, and adult learners have implicit, untaught knowledge of many subtle and obscure properties of a second language (L2) grammar. Parameters were extremely useful in describing the representations in children’s intermediate grammars; there is less agreement as to whether or not this is the case for L2 acquisition (Meisel, 2011). Parameters were of little use in describing the course of development. Most development happens gradually (Paradis and Genesee, 1997), with only selected aspects of learning showing contingent propagation across properties predicted by the model (for some examples, see Snyder, 2007). Roeper (1999) approached the problem of how parametric
Traditional Facial Tattoos Disrupt Face Recognition Processes

Factors that are important to successful face recognition, such as features, configuration, and pigmentation/reflectance, are all subject to change when a face has been engraved with ink markings. Here we show that the application of facial tattoos, in the form of spiral patterns (typically associated with the Maori tradition of a Moko), disrupts face recognition to a similar extent as face inversion, with recognition accuracy little better than chance performance (2AFC). These results indicate that facial tattoos can severely disrupt our ability to recognise a face that previously did not have the pattern.
Change Impact Analysis for Generic Libraries

Since the standard template library (STL), generic libraries in C++ rely on concepts to precisely specify the requirements of generic algorithms (function templates) on their parameters (template arguments). Modifying the definition of a concept even slightly, can have a potentially large impact on the (interfaces of the) entire library. In particular the non-local effects of a change, however, make its impact difficult to determine by hand. In this paper we propose a conceptual change impact analysis (CCIA), which determines the impact of changes of the conceptual specification of a generic library. The analysis is organized in a pipe-and-filter manner, where the first stage finds any kind of impact, the second stage various specific kinds of impact. Both stages describe reachability algorithms, which operate on a conceptual dependence graph. In a case study, we apply CCIA to a new proposal for STL iterator concepts, which is under review by the C++ standardization committee. The analysis shows a number of unexpected incompatibilities and, for certain STL algorithms, a loss of genericity
Effect of dimensions of place attachment on residents’ word-of-mouth behavior

The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the effect of residents’ different dimensions of place attachment on their word-of-mouth (WOM) behavior in two cities: Sydney, Australia and Shanghai, China. A six-dimensional construct of place attachment is proposed based upon a detailed literature review: four attitudinal dimensions (place identity, place dependence, affective attachment, social bonding) and two interactional dimensions (place memory, place expectation) are proposed to reflect different aspects of a resident's attachment to a place. To test the dimensionality of place attachment and relationships between constructs, a survey was completed by 691 residents in the two targeted cities (361 from Sydney and 330 from Shanghai), and a structural equation modeling instrument was applied to analyze the data. The findings of the empirical study statistically support the dimensionality of place attachment proposed, and reveal that, in general, interactional dimensions of place attachment have an effect on WOM behavior. The results suggest that WOM behavior of residents of the two cities is influenced by different attitudinal dimensions of place attachment: Shanghai resident's place identity and social bonding predict one-to-one WOM, while Sydney residents’ affective attachment to Sydney influences their one-to-one WOM behavior. This analysis provides insights into residents’ psychology and behavior in different tourism destinations, as well as important inputs for the sustainable development of destination branding and C2C tourism communication in these two cities.
Emotion recognition based on the asymmetric left and right activation

We obtained EEG (electroencephalogram) data from 34 healthy subjects while they were watching emotion-inducing videos and we also developed a real-time emotion monitoring system based on the resulting data. When analyzed from the left and right asymmetric EEG data in each emotion state as compared to the rest state (p emotion was to extract emotion indicators/indices from the EEG signals detected in the human scalp and develop a real-time emotion monitor showing emotional states of people, so that they can express their thoughts and feelings, even if they are passive.
Effects of Protein in Diet and Sex Ratio on Egg Production, Egg and Hatching Chick Weight, Fertility, Hatchability and Embryonal Mortality in Pheasants (Phasianus Colchicus)

This study was performed to investigate the effects of crude protein (CP) in diet and sex ratio on egg production, egg and hatching chick weight and hatchability traits in pheasants (Phasianus Colchicus). In this study, the treatment groups were constructed as 15% CP-5:1; 15% CP-7:1; 18% CP-5:1; 18% CP-7:1 for CP and sex (male:female) ratio respectively. The eggs were obtained from 48 weeks old pheasant. In this study, it was determined that there was positive effective on egg production, egg and hatching weight and hatchability of fertile eggs (HFE) for 18% CP. In contrast, fertility (FR) (p<0.05) and hatchability rate of total eggs (HR) (p>0.05), EPEM (p>0.05) and MPEM (p>0.05) tended to decrease with increasing CP. It was found that there was egg production, egg (p>0.05) and hatching weight (p>0.05), FR (p>0.05), HR (p>0.05) and HFE (p>0.05) increased with increasing female for sex ratio. In terms of embryonic mortality, the EPEM (p>0.05) and LPEM (p>0.05) rate decreased with increasing female. For protein levels × sex ratio, it was found that hatchability traits were adversely affected for 15% CP-1:7. Also, it was determined that the lowest EPEM, MPEM and LPEM were determined for 7:1 in 18% CP group. Based on these results, to improve hatchability traits and a lower embryonic mortality rate, it may be beneficial to use 15% CP-5:1 or 18% CP-7:1 for pheasant breeding.
Transactional Distance among Open University Students: How Does it Affect the Learning Process?

Abstract This study examines the presence of transactional distance among students, the factors affecting it, as well as the way it influences the learning process of students in a blended distance learning setting in Greece. The present study involved 12 postgraduate students of the Hellenic Open University (HOU). A qualitative research was conducted, using information collected via individual semi-structured interviews. Content analysis of the gathered information provided evidence regarding the existence of student-student transactional distance for several reasons, such as geographical and relatively limited face to face interaction. The role of the tutor as well as of the course provider were also examined in this respect. Finally the study indicated that the existence of perceived transactional distance among the students has a negative effect on their learning process.