Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Motion Sickness Simulation Based on Sensorimotor Control

Sensorimotor control is an essential mechanism for human motions, from involuntary reflex actions to intentional motor skill learning, such as walking, jumping, and swimming. Humans perform various motions according to different task goals and physiological sensory perception; however, most existing computational approaches for motion simulation and generation rarely consider the effects of human perception. The assumption of perfect perception (i.e., no sensory errors) of existing approaches restricts the generated motion types and makes dynamical reactions less realistic. We propose a general framework for sensorimotor control, integrating a balance controller and a vestibular model, to generate perception‐aware motions. By exploiting simulated perception, more natural responses that are closer to human reactions can be generated. For example, motion sickness caused by the impairments in the function of the vestibular system induces postural instability and body sway. Our approach generates physically correct motions and reasonable reactions to external stimuli since the spatial orientation estimation by the vestibular system is essential to preserve balance. We evaluate our framework by demonstrating standing balance on a rotational platform with different angular speeds and duration. The generated motions show that either faster angular speeds or longer rotational duration cause more severe motion sickness. Our results demonstrate that sensorimotor control, integrating human perception and physically‐based control, offers considerable potential for providing more human‐like behaviors, especially for perceptual illusions of human beings, including visual, proprioceptive, and tactile sensations.
Interpartner concordance of self‐reported sexual behavior among college dating couples

The interpartner concordance of self‐reported sexual behavior among college dating couples (N = 119 couples, total N = 238) was assessed using self‐administered questionnaires. Moderate to high agreement (≥ 75%) was found for (a) a range of sexual behaviors, including all types of penetrative intercourse; (b) behaviors related to vaginal and oral intercourse (e.g., condom use, alcohol use); and (c) pregnancy‐prevention discussion. Partners' reports of when they first met, first dated, and began steadily and exclusively dating were significantly correlated (all ps < .001). In contrast, less agreement was observed for the occurrence of safer sex discussion beyond pregnancy prevention (e.g., past sexual histories; < 75%) and sexual behaviors involving the anus and men's genitals (< 60%), primarily because of men's failure to report these behaviors. Participants had moderate awareness of their partner's attitudes toward casual sex, but low awareness of their attitudes toward condom use and sexual responsibili.
Microalbuminuria in the intensive care unit: Clinical correlates and association with outcomes in 431 patients*

Objective:Comparison of urine albumin within 6 hrs of intensive care unit (ICU) admission with demography, clinical classification, outcome, inotrope/vasopressor requirement, clinical assessment of mortality risk, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores. Design:Urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) was measured on ICU admission (ACR 1) and after 4–6 hrs (ACR 2). Setting:A 17-bed general ICU in a university teaching hospital. Patients:Unselected medical (206) and surgical (225) patients recruited prospectively. Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results:Bedside urine ACR was measured by nurses using a Bayer DCA 2000 analyzer and expressed in mg/mmol (reference range <2.3). ACR 1 in medical and surgical patients was 15.5 (12.4–19.5) and 8.2 (5.9–11.1) mg/mmol, respectively (p = .0002), and ACR 2 was 9.0 (5.8–12.5) and 4.6 (3.6–5.3), respectively (p < .0001). For all patients, median (95% confidence interval) ACR fell from 11.2 (8.7–13.2) to 5.4 (4.7–6.8) mg/mmol 4–6 hrs after ICU admission (p < .0001). ACR 1 for nonsurvivors (n = 90) and survivors (n = 341) was 16.1 (11.2–21.3) and 8.8 (6.9–11.9), respectively (p = .0002) and ACR 2, 12.4 (8.2–18.9) and 4.8 (3.9–5.4), respectively (p < .0001). In both medical and surgical patients who died on the ICU, median ACR failed to decrease significantly following admission. ACR1 and ACR 2 were higher in patients who required inotropic or vasopressor support and correlated with duration of therapy. ACR 1 and 2 were inversely correlated with mean Po2/Fio2 ratio 48 hrs after ICU admission and positively correlated with duration of mechanical ventilation and ACR 1 with ICU stay. ACR 2 predicted mortality and ACR 1 inotrope requirement independent of clinical mortality risk assessment and APACHE II and SOFA scores. Conclusions:Urine albumin changes rapidly within the first 6 hrs following ICU admission and predicts ICU mortality and inotrope requirement as well as or better than APACHE II and SOFA scores. Serial urine albumin measurement may provide a means of monitoring the microvascular effects of systemic inflammation.
Phenotypic plasticity and functional asymmetry in response to grip forces exerted by intercollegiate tennis players

This study examined phenotypic and functional responses to extreme asymmetry in hand use, and recorded the grip forces that occur during the tennis serve to assess the forces that contribute to asymmetry. Compressive grip performance was measured for Division I collegiate tennis players (24 female, 24 male) and nonathlete college students (18 females, 17 males) during three experiments: single‐repetition maximum voluntary contraction, 30 consecutive repetitions, and a 30‐s static hold. Tennis players had significant asymmetry in both forearm circumference and grip strength. The dominant hand of female tennis players produced 25% more force than the opposite hand, while the difference between hands of male tennis players was 18%. However, endurance over 30‐repetitions and during the 30‐s hold did not significantly differ between the limbs of tennis players. No significant asymmetry in forearm measurements, grip strength, or endurance was detected between the limbs of nonathletes. Grip forces generated during the tennis serve were recorded for 4 male tennis players, using a racket with a dynamometer incorporated into the handle. Peak handgrip forces generated during the serve (150–250 N) averaged 31–44% of the maximum grip force of the participant. Tennis players have increased muscle mass and strength of the dominant limb. Moderate forces, occurring hundreds of times each match and practice, are likely the primary forces contributing to this morphological and functional asymmetry. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 19:566–577, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The HDU Discriminative SMT System for Constrained Data PatentMT at NTCIR10

We describe the statistical machine translation (SMT) systems developed at Heidelberg University for the Chinese-toEnglish and Japanese-to-English PatentMT subtasks at the NTCIR10 workshop. The core system used in both subtasks is a combination of hierarchical phrase-based translation and discriminative training using either large feature sets and ‘1=‘2 regularization (for Japanese-to-English) or variants of soft syntactic constraints (for Chinese-to-English). Our goal is to address the twofold nature of patents by exploiting the repetitive nature of patents through feature sharing in a multi-task learning setup (used in the Japaneseto-English translation subtask), and by countersteering complex word order dierences with syntactic features (used in
Optimal Bangla Keyboard Layout using Data Mining Technique

Abstract This paper presents an optimal Bangla Keyboard Layout, which distributes the load equally on both hands so that maximizing the ease and minimizing the effort. Bangla alphabet has a large number of letters, for this it is difficult to type faster using Bangla keyboard. Our proposed keyboard will maximize the speed of operator as they can type with both hands parallel. Here we use the association rule of data mining to distribute the Bangla characters in the keyboard. First, we analyze the frequencies of data consisting of monograph, digraph and trigraph, which are derived from data wire-house, and then used association rule of data mining to distribute the Bangla characters in the layout. Experimental results on several data show the effectiveness of the proposed approach with better performance. Keywords: monograph, digraph, trigraph, association rule, data mining, hand switching, support, confidence. 1 Introduction The usefulness of computer is increasing rapidly. It is the fastest growing industry in the world. New invention of technologies makes it faster. The billions of instructions can be done within a second nowadays. But the technology of input device like keyboard has not been changed much. The typing speed is very slow in respect of computer’s other devices. Its main cause is the complex and insufficient keyboard layout and human limitations [8] [9]. A scientific keyboard layout with equal hands load and maximum hand switching can reduce this problem. The use of Bangla is increasing day by day in everyday life. Specially in data entry and printing sector. But there is no scientific Bangla keyboard layout at present and very few research works have been done in this field. We use the concept of data mining association rule to design Bangla keyboard layout that shows optimal and better performance than the existing keyboard layout. In this paper we have tried to design a Bangla keyboard layout using the association rule of data mining. We have collected the data from various Bangla documents and we have used the association rule to extract the association of Bangla letters each other. And finally we have designed a Bangla keyboard layout with equal hands load and maximum hand switching.
Extracellular matrix regulation of drug resistance in small-cell lung cancer

Purpose: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the developed world. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has the worst prognosis due to the emergence of resistance to chemotherapy. This article will review recent work that has defined mechanisms of chemo-resistance focusing on the role of integrins. Results: SCLC is surrounded by an extensive stroma of extracellular matrix (ECM) and high levels of expression correlate with poor prognosis. ECM protects SCLC cells against chemotherapy-induced cell death by activating β1 integrins leading to activation of phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase (PI3-kinase), which prevents etoposide-induced caspase-3 activation and subsequent apoptosis. Engagement of ECM prevents etoposide and radiation induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in SCLC cells by blocking the up-regulation of p21Cip1/WAF1 and p27Kip1 and the down-regulation of cyclins E, A and B. These effects are abrogated by pharmacological and genetic inhibition of PI3-kinase signalling. Conclusions: Thus, ECM via β1 integrin-mediated PI3-kinase activation allows SCLC cells to survive treatment induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis with persistent DNA damage, providing a model to account for the emergence of acquired drug resistance. Novel therapeutic strategies may therefore be directed at inhibiting integrin-mediated cell survival signals improving response rates and cure in this devastating cancer.
How do great bowerbirds construct perspective illusions?

Many animals build structures to provide shelter, avoid predation, attract mates or house offspring, but the behaviour and potential cognitive processes involved during building are poorly understood. Great bowerbird (Ptilinorhynchus nuchalis) males build and maintain display courts by placing tens to hundreds of objects in a positive size–distance gradient. The visual angles created by the gradient create a forced perspective illusion that females can use to choose a mate. Although the quality of illusion is consistent within males, it varies among males, which may reflect differences in how individuals reconstruct their courts. We moved all objects off display courts to determine how males reconstructed the visual illusion. We found that all individuals rapidly created the positive size–distance gradient required for forced perspective within the first 10 objects placed. Males began court reconstruction by placing objects in the centre of the court and then placing objects further out, a technique commonly used when humans lay mosaics. The number of objects present after 72 h was not related to mating success or the quality of the illusion, indicating that male skill at arranging objects rather than absolute number of objects appears to be important. We conclude that differences arise in the quality of forced perspective illusions despite males using the same technique to reconstruct their courts.
Identification and Economic Behavior Sympathy and Empathy in Historical Perspective

In modern economics, the use of sympathy and empathy shows significant ambiguity. Sympathy has been used in two different senses. First, it refers to cases where the concern for others directly affects an individual's own welfare (Sen, 1977). Second, the term has served the purposes of welfare economics, where it is associated with interpersonal comparisons of the extended sympathy type, that is, comparisons between one's own situation in a social state and someone else's in a different social state (Arrow, 1963 [1951]). On the other hand, empathy has been used interchangeably with sympathy either to render the idea of interdependent utility functions (Leibenstein, 1976), or to convey the imaginative process of imagining oneself in someone else's place (Harsanyi, 1977).
Cell adhesion and cortex contractility determine cell patterning in the Drosophilaretina

Because of the resemblance of many epithelial tissues to densely packed soap bubbles, it has been suggested that surface minimization, which drives soap bubble packing, could be governing cell packing as well. We test this by modeling the shape of the cells in a Drosophila retina ommatidium. We use the observed configurations and shapes in wild-type flies, as well as in flies with different numbers of cells per ommatidia, and mutants with cells where E- or N-cadherin is either deleted or misexpressed. We find that surface minimization is insufficient to model the experimentally observed shapes and packing of the cells based on their cadherin expression. We then consider a model in which adhesion leads to a surface increase, balanced by cell cortex contraction. Using the experimentally observed distributions of E- and N-cadherin, we simulate the packing and cell shapes in the wild-type eye. Furthermore, by changing only the corresponding parameters, this model can describe the mutants with different numbers of cells or changes in cadherin expression.
Faces of generalized permutohedra

The aim of the paper is to calculate face numbers of simple generalized permutohedra, and study their f-, h- and γ- vectors. These polytopes include permutohedra, associahedra, graph- associahedra, simple graphic zonotopes, nestohedra, and other inter- esting polytopes. We give several explicit formulas for h-vectors and γ-vectors involv- ing descent statistics. This includes a combinatorial interpretation for γ-vectors of a large class of generalized permutohedra which are flag simple polytopes, and confirms for them Gal's conjecture on the nonnegativity of γ-vectors. We calculate explicit generating functions and formulae for h- polynomials of various families of graph-associahedra, including those corresponding to all Dynkin diagrams of finite and affine types. We also discuss relations with Narayana numbers and with Simon New- comb's problem. We give (and conjecture) upper and lower bounds for f-, h-, and γ-vectors within several classes of generalized permutohedra. An appendix discusses the equivalence of various notions of deforma- tions of simple polytopes.
Spatial positioning in the selfish herd

The antipredator benefits of grouping are relatively well understood; however, predation risk often differs for individuals that occupy different positions within a group. The selfish herd hypothesis describes how individuals can reduce risk of predation by moving to specific positions within the group. In existing theory, this movement occurs through the adoption of possible "movement rules" that differ in their cognitive complexity. Here, we investigate the effectiveness of different previously suggested rules in reducing risk for central and peripheral individuals within a group. We demonstrate that initial spatial position is important in determining the success of different risk-reducing movement rules, as initially centrally positioned individuals are likely to be more successful than peripheral ones at reducing their risk relative to other group members, regardless of the movement rules used. Simpler strategies are effective in low-density populations; but at high density, more complex rules are more effective. We also find that complex rules that consider the position of multiple neighbors are the only rules that successfully allow individuals to move from peripheral to central positions or maintain central positions, thus avoiding predators that attack from outside the group. Our results suggest that the attack strategy of a predator should be critically important in determining prey escape strategies in a selfish herd context and that prey should modify their behavioral responses to impending attack in response to their position within a group. Copyright 2010, Oxford University Press.
Cache energy reduction by dual voltage supply

This paper presents a novel architectural technique to reduce energy dissipation in caches. Unlike existing approaches, which concentrate on lowering the cache capacitance and the number of accesses, the proposed technique exploits a new freedom in cache design, namely the voltage per access. In a block-buffered cache, the loading capacitance operated on the cache-hit is much less than the capacitance operated on the cache-miss, so the given clock cycle time is inefficiently exploited during the hit. We propose to trade-off the unused cycle time with the supply voltage. lowering the voltage level on the cache-hit and increasing it on the cache-miss. Experiments show that the approach can save up to 60% of cache energy without large performance and area overhead.
Factor Analysis of a Multiple-Choice Format for Job Satisfaction

This study examined the factor structure of a modified 30-question multiple-choice format for job satisfaction based on the Job Descriptive Index. The five-factor varimax factor analytic solution was the same as that obtained by Smith, Kendall, and Hulin (1969) for the original Job Descriptive Index. The measure of reliability was high. The results indicated that researchers can use a shorter multiple-choice format of job satisfaction based on the Job Descriptive Index without interfering with the dimensionality.
Since F C 00 a Comparison of List Schedules for Parallel Processing Table 7: the Speedup of Pyrros Code over the Sequential Ge Program on Ncube-2. 7 Conclusions

Empirical results have shown that the classical critical path (CP) list scheduling heuristic for task graphs is a fast and practical heuristic when communication cost is zero. In the rst part of this paper we study the theoretical properties of the CP heuristic that lead to near optimum performance in practice. In the second part we extend the CP analysis to the problem of ordering the task execution when the processor assignment is given and communication cost is nonzero. We propose two new list scheduling heuristics, the RCP and RCP that use critical path information and ready list priority scheduling. We show that the performance properties for RCP and RCP , when communication is nonzero, are similar to CP when communication is zero. Finally, we present an extensive experimental study and optimality analysis of the heuristics which veri es our theoretical results.
Image Sharpening using Scene-Adapted Priors

With general purpose denoisers approaching performance limits, we turn our attention to methods targeted to specific tasks or image classes. Using the recent plug-and-play (PnP) framework, we plug a denoiser based on Gaussian mixture models (GMM) into the iterations of an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), to tackle a data fusion problem known as image sharpening. Results show that our method performs competitively with other state-of-the-art algorithms.
Histological Spectrum of Chronic Hepatitis in Precore Mutants and Wild-Type Hepatitis B Virus Infection

This study compares the histology of liver biopsies in precore mutant (PCM) and wild-type hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Thirty cases of PCM and 60 cases of wild-type HBV infection were included. Patients were diagnosed on the basis of serological profile and HBV DNA assessment. Liver biopsies in each case were assessed for histological activity and stage of fibrosis using a modification of Knodell's scoring system. There was no statistically significant (P=0.14) difference in histological activity in the two groups. The difference in stage of fibrosis in the two groups was statistically significant (P=0.001). Quantitative estimation of viral load did not show any correlation with liver histology. PCM HBV showed greater stage of fibrosis compared with wild-type infection, and this may be related to disease progression and lack of response to therapy.
Relational Maintenance and the Influence of Commitment in Online and Offline Relationships

The study of relational-maintenance behaviors has sometimes included the impact of medium as a peripheral variable, but rarely has the impact of medium been tested directly. Participants (N = 1336) delineated themselves into four separate groups depending on the initial and continued use of mediated communication. They reported their use of relational-maintenance behaviors, as well as feelings of commitment towards the relationship. The medium had an impact on the use of relational-maintenance behaviors, primarily between people who had only met their partners in a mediated environment and those who had met them face-to-face. However, commitment level appears to strongly moderate the relationship between group and use of maintenance behaviors.
Circle time for social and emotional learning in primary school

This paper discusses the findings and implications of a semi-randomised control trial study on the effectiveness of circle time (CT) on primary school students’ social and emotional learning, as well as classroom teachers’ and students’ experience of CT. A social and emotional learning programme was delivered through CT by trained classroom teachers across the years in one primary school, with other classrooms serving as control groups. The classroom teachers completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at pre- and post-intervention, while the CT teachers also completed a questionnaire on their experience of implementing CT in the classroom. The CT students also completed a questionnaire on their own experience of CT. The SDQ scores suggest that CT students showed less internalised difficulties when compared to their control peers, while the qualitative data from both teachers and students suggest that the CT students also exhibited less behaviour problems and more prosocial behaviour. The study identifies various strengths and weaknesses of the programme and makes recommendations on how it could be organised more effectively in the classroom. The paper concludes that rather than taking CT as the default option for nurturing such values as student empowerment, inclusion and equity, there is a need for further rigorous studies on the impact of CT not only on students’ social and emotional learning and behaviour but also on the classroom relationships and climate.