Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Historia i stereotyp: dwie przesłanki rozumienia innej osoby

Stereotypizacja polega na spostrzeganiu osoby jako przedstawiciela określonej kategorii i przypisywaniu jej atrybutow przynaleznych tej kategorii. Na osobe spojrzec jednak mozemy w inny sposob, gdy dostrzegamy przede wszystkim jej historie. Wyniki naszych eksperymentow świadczą, ze aktywizacja nastawienia narracyjnego zwieksza udzial treści odnoszących sie do motywow poznawanej osoby, przy jednoczesnym oslabieniu roli stereotypow. Efekty te stwierdzono zarowno wtedy, gdy badany z rozwagą dokonywal charakterystyki postaci, jak i wtedy, gdy szybko decydowal o przypisaniu jej atrybutow. Sugeruje to, ze narracyjny sposob spostrzegania przejawia sie zarowno na poziomie procesow o duzej, jak i na poziomie procesow o bardzo malej kontroli świadomości. Slowa kluczowe: spostrzeganie spoleczne, narracje, narracyjne rozumienie drugiej osoby, empatia, stereotyp
Phylogenetic Diversity among Low-Virulence Newcastle Disease Viruses from Waterfowl and Shorebirds and Comparison of Genotype Distributions to Those of Poultry-Origin Isolates

ABSTRACT Low-virulence Newcastle disease viruses (loNDV) are frequently recovered from wild bird species, but little is known about their distribution, genetic diversity, or potential to cause disease in poultry. NDV isolates recovered from cloacal samples of apparently healthy waterfowl and shorebirds (WS) in the United States during 1986 to 2005 were examined for genomic diversity and their potential for virulence (n = 249). In addition 19 loNDV isolates from U.S. live bird markets (LBMs) were analyzed and found to be genetically distinct from NDV used in live vaccines but related to WS-origin NDV. Phylogenetic analysis of the fusion protein identified nine novel genotypes among the class I NDV, and new genomic subgroups were identified among genotypes I and II of the class II viruses. The WS-origin viruses exhibited broad genetic and antigenic diversity, and some WS genotypes displayed a closer phylogenetic relationship to LBM-origin NDV. All NDV were predicted to be lentogenic based upon sequencing of the fusion cleavage site, intracerebral pathogenicity index, or mean death time in embryo assays. The USDA real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay, which targets the matrix gene, identified nearly all of the class II NDV tested but failed to detect class I viruses from both LBM and WS. The close phylogenetic proximity of some WS and LBM loNDV suggests that viral transmission may occur among wild birds and poultry; however, these events may occur unnoticed due to the broad genetic diversity of loNDV, the lentogenic presentation in birds, and the limitations of current rapid diagnostic tools.
A systems engineering approach for constructing certifiable real-time distributed systems

In this paper, we present a systems engineering methodology for constructing certifiable realtime distributed systems. In the proposed approach, an architectural and algorithmic solution to an application problem is designed by considering the "weakest" models including the weakest asynchronous computational model and multimodal arrival model. Furthermore, timeliness properties are described using Jensen's benefit accrual predicates. Once a system solution is designed, timeliness properties are established by constructing necessary feasibility conditions that are expressed as non-valued predicates. The predicates are quantified and verified to produce the specification of a certified solution. We illustrate the approach by considering a packet transmission problem that desire soft timeliness. We present a certifiable solution to this problem that consists of switched Ethernet, a soft real-time packet scheduling algorithm (that was previously developed), and feasibility conditions.
Future prospects of anticytokine therapy in chronic heart failure

Several lines of evidence suggest that chronic heart failure is a state of chronic inflammation. Indeed, various pro-inflammatory markers, including the cytokines TNF-α, and interleukin 6 and 1, are activated in the course of the disease. In chronic heart failure, these substances are frequently induced even before the classical neurohormones angiotensin II and noradrenaline. Although the recently published anti-TNF-α trials with etanercept and infliximab have called the beneficial effects of targeting single cytokines into question, the overactive immune system remains a promising target for therapeutic interventions, which aim at slowing down disease progression. Broader approaches are required. These comprise targeting bacterial lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) that enters the circulation through the oedematous gut wall, immune modulation therapy with patient-derived whole blood exposed to oxidative stress, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (the so-called statins) and a number of other substances including pentoxifylline and thalidomide.
Mating types in Stentor coeruleus.

SYNOPSIS. Conjugation in Stentor coeruleus was investigated, using a standardized culture technic which yielded large numbers of mating pairs within a single culture. Spontaneous bursts of selfing occurred during a definite interval in the development of a culture. Structurally distinct preconjugator cells appeared immediately before as well as during the initial stages of a burst of conjugation. Mating pairs were formed by the union of 2 preconjugators. Mixing 8 stocks in all possible combinations of pairs and observing their subsequent response revealed they were separable into 2 complementary mating types. The majority of mating pairs formed in mixtures of stocks consisted of individuals of different mating types. It is suggested that control of mating types in the ciliate order Heterotrichida may be of a somewhat different nature from that found in other ciliates.
A quantitative evaluation model for integrity of server

At present the existing integrity strategies and models are mostly qualitative evaluating the integrity or taking integrity strategy toward the information, which result the assessment lacking of objectivity, dynamic and credibleness. In view of this, this paper designs a quantitative assessment model for the integrity of server, the integrity of server is quantified, making the integrity more intuitive and more precise. Finally, through an example of intelligent power grid, we verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the model.
The ACCP-SCCM consensus conference on sepsis and organ failure.

U nited States Supreme CourtJustice Potter Stewart once wrote, ccI caDt define obscenity, but I know it when I see it. "l Until quite recentl~ that statement could equally well have been applied to sepsis and related disorders. Even in four recent multicenter trials, markedly different definitions of sepsis, shock, and organ failure were employed.2-5 From a clinical standpoint, the absence of firm definitions for these disorders has had-until nowlittle practical consequence because the only treatments available have been antibiotics and supportive care. Given the abundance ofnew agents under active investigation, however, more precise diagnostic guidelines are needed to allow us to evaluate effic~ to determine which patients might benefit from such treatments, and to compare the results of different trials. There are a number of historical reasons why firm definitions have been lacking: 1. Until roughly 30 years ago, sepsis, septic shock, and multiple organ failure were rarely seen. Simply put, we could not keep severely ill or injured patients alive long enough for these disorders to develop. 2. Many of the early studies of sepsis focused on patients with Gram-negative bacteremia. However, we now know that the majority of patients with sepsis are not bacteremic. 3. Many of the early studies were conducted in surgical patients or trauma victims; it was not clear whether the physiologic derangements that occurred in these patients were the same as those that occurred in patients with Gram-negative bacteremia. 4. The lack ofprecise criteria for the terms infection, sepsis, sepsis syndrome, and septic shock made it difficult to assess the severity of the infectious process and the differences between study populations. 5. The lack of precise criteria for the term multiple organfailure made it difficult to establish which organs were affected in patients with sepsis. It also made it more difficult to determine whether organ failure was a cause-or a consequence-of sepsis. 6. Only recently has the knowledge of the molecular and cellular events that occur in sepsis and its sequelae begun to shed light on the complex cascade of events underlying these disorders. Although our editorials
Birth Weight, Season of Birth and Postnatal Growth Do Not Predict Levels of Systemic Inflammation in Gambian Adults

Studies testing whether systemic inflammation might lie on the causal pathway between aberrant fetal and post‐natal growth patterns and later cardiovascular disease have been inconclusive, possibly due to the use of single markers of unknown predictive value. We used repeated measures of a comprehensive set of inflammatory markers to investigate the relationship between early life measures and systemic inflammation in an African population.
Bcr–Abl dependent post-transcriptional activation of NME2 expression is a specific and common feature of chronic myeloid leukemia

Abstract We have previously identified NME2 (Nm23-H2) as a tumor antigen in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Here we investigated the association between NME2 and Bcr–Abl. NME2 protein was highly overexpressed in the cytoplasm of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 29/30 patients with CML at diagnosis and 10/10 patients resistant to imatinib. Protein was overexpressed in the absence of increased levels of mRNA and was limited to Bcr–Abl + populations, being absent from Bcr–Abl − patient cells, normal donors and 14/15 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples. Furthermore, the Bcr–Abl dependent overexpression of NME2 protein was reversed specifically by tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment of Ba/F3 expressing wild-type and TKI-sensitive, but not TKI-resistant, mutants of Bcr–Abl. The post-transcriptional up-regulation of the tumor antigen NME2 is therefore a common and specific property of CML closely associated with Bcr–Abl activity.
Objective evaluation of aided thresholds using auditory steady-state responses.

Auditory steady-state responses to amplitude-modulated tones with modulation frequencies between 80 and 105 Hz can be recorded when multiple stimuli are presented simultaneously through a soundfield speaker and amplified using a hearing aid. Responses were recorded at carrier frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz in a group of 35 hearing-impaired children using hearing aids. The physiologic responses were recorded at intensities close to the behavioral thresholds for sounds in the aided condition, with average differences between the physiologic and behavioral thresholds of 17, 13, 13, and 16 dB for carrier frequencies 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. The technique shows great promise as a way to assess aided thresholds objectively in subjects who cannot reliably respond on behavioral testing.
1 MEASUREMENT AND PREDICTION OF DYNAMIC DENSITY

This paper describes results of a multi-year, multi-organizational research initiative related to the measurement and prediction of sector level complexity called Dynamic Density (DD). The researchers first identified a number of candidate DD measures. They then identified eighteen 30-minute traffic samples from each of four selected en route Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCCs). At each ARTCC, they collected complexity ratings at two-minute intervals for each traffic sample from approximately 70 air traffic controllers and supervisors. Using the traffic and sector data, various DD variables were computed. Using a linear regression method, the relationships between different DD variables and complexity ratings were determined. A unified DD metric composed of variables from several organizations performed the best. The results indicated that DD represents instantaneous sector complexity better than aircraft count, which is the currently used method. The results also indicated that the prediction of complexity using DD is somewhat better than the prediction using aircraft count most likely due to the inherent inaccuracy of predicting aircraft count.
Residual frying oil in the diets of sheep: intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and ruminal parameters

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the intake and nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance and ruminal ammonia nitrogen in lambs of diets containing different levels of residual frying oil. Methods Levels of 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 g/kg dry matter (DM) base of residual frying oil in the diets of lambs were evaluated. Five castrated lambs with initial body weights of 36.8±3.3 kg, distributed in a Latin square (5×5) design, were used. Results There was a decreasing linear effect on the intake of DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total carbohydrates (TCH), and nonfibrous carbohydrates (NFC). There was an increased linear intake of ether extract (EE). The apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF, TCH, and NFC, as well as urine nitrogen excretion, nitrogen balance and ruminal parameters, were not influenced by different levels of residual frying oil in the diet. EE digestibility presented a crescent linear effect. Conclusion It can be concluded that the addition of residual frying oil to the diets of sheep can affect nutrient intake without affecting the digestibility of most nutrients (with the exception of EE), nitrogen balance and ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration.
A Physically‐Based Model for Rendering Realistic Scratches

Individually visible scratches, also called isolated scratches, are very common in real world surfaces. Although their microgeometry is not visible, they are individually perceptible by the human eye, lying into a representation scale between BRDF and texture. In order to simulate this kind of scratches in synthetic images we need to know their position over the surface (texture scale), so we can determine where to use the specific scratch BRDF instead of the ordinary surface BRDF. Computing the BRDF of a scratch is difficult because it depends on the scratch's invisible microgeometry. In this paper, we propose a new physically based model to derive this microgeometry by simulating the formation process of scratches. We allow specifying intuitively the parameters involved in the process such as the scratching tool, the penetration forces, and the material properties of the object. From these parameters, we derive the microgeometries of the scratches by taking into account the real behaviour of the process. This behaviour has been determined by analysing existing models in the field of materials engineering and some ``scratch tests'' that we performed on metals. Our method has the advantages of easily simulating scratches with a wide range of microgeometries and taking into account the variability of their microgeometry along the scratch path. Another contribution is related to the location of the scratches over the surface. Instead of using an image of the paths as in previous work, we present a new representation based on curves defining the paths. This offers an independence on the image resolution or the distance from the observer and accurately provides the scratch direction in order to compute scratch BRDFs.
Fostering consumers' energy market through smart contracts

Micro-generation promises to greatly contribute to the energy balance of the energy grid; however, so far, its market penetration is going slow due to the few, or not-existing, direct economic benefits end-users would enjoy by deploying an in-house micro-generation system. In this paper, taking advantage of the potentialities of blockchain technologies, we propose a solar energy production and distribution architecture using smart contracts, a particular distributed ledger paradigm, to support automatic energy exchanges and auctions, potentially enabling a new, open and more fruitful, under an end-user perspective, energy micro-generation market. We present the conceptual design of the approach, as well the energy grid prototype and the control layer, running on the Ethereum platform. The proposed architecture has been implemented and validated through an in-house developed test-bed.
Relations among competence beliefs, utility value, achievement goals, and effort in mathematics.

BACKGROUND Research has shown that motivation is a key factor in the learning process as well as in school achievement. In essence, a number of researchers have highlighted the close link between motivation and achievement-related behaviours such as effort. AIMS The present study aims to acquire more specific information concerning the relations between competence beliefs, utility value and achievement goals in mathematics among secondary school students, to further document the influence of social agents, and to better understand the relationships between these variables, as well as to effort. SAMPLE Participants were 759 Grade 7 to Grade 11 students (389 males, 370 females). METHOD Structural equation modelling techniques were used to test a model of achievement-related behaviours (effort) in mathematics based on support from social agents, competence beliefs, utility value and achievement goals. Several self-reported scales were administered. RESULTS Results indicate that effort in mathematics is mainly explained by mastery goals and competence beliefs. As for the role of social agents, results demonstrated that the perception of parental support chiefly explained variables associated with the valuing of mathematics while teachers' support acted most on competence beliefs. CONCLUSIONS Two main conclusions stem from our results. First, mastery goals have an important and significant impact on students' effort in the learning of mathematics. Second, the nature and the strength of the relationships between competence beliefs, utility value, achievement goals and effort are not significantly influenced by age and gender, at least in mathematics.
Interactive walkthrough environments for simulation

This thesis describes a second-generation walkthrough framework that provides extensive facilities for integrating many types of third-party simulation codes into a large-scale virtual environment model, and puts it in perspective with first-generation systems built during the last two decades. The framework provides an advanced model database that supports multiple simultaneous users with full consistency semantics, system independent storage and retrieval, and efficient prefetching and object reconstruction techniques to support second and third-generation Walkthrough systems. Furthermore, our framework integrates support for scalable, distributed, interactive models with plug-in physical simulation to provide a large and rich environment suitable for architectural evaluation and training applications. A number of third-party simulations have been integrated into the framework, including dynamic physical interactions, fire simulation, multiple distributed users, radiosity, and online tapestry generation. All of these simulators interact with each other and with the user via a data distribution network that provides efficient, optimized use of bandwidth to transport simulation results to clients as they need them for visualization. These diverse simulators provide proof of concept for the generality of the framework, and show how quickly third-party simulations can be integrated into our system. The result is a highly interactive distributed architectural model with applications in research, training, and real-time data visualization. Finally, an outlook is given to a possible third generation of virtual environment architectures that are capable of integrating different heterogeneous walkthrough models.
Determination of parameters of a synchronous motor with radial permanent magnets and rotor damper bar cage

The paper describes the determination of the parameters of a permanent magnet synchronous motor with radial magnets (RPMSM) as functions of power supply conditions and load. The description presents analysis of some steady state and transient performances together with limitations. Two methods are presented in the determination of the values of synchronous reactance for “d-axis” Xsd, respectively “q-axis” Xsq together with the evaluation of the core loss equivalent resistance Rc. The two methods described are a load test performed at the nominal frequency and Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The load tests results, including the direct determination of the internal load angle δ, represent the input of the calculation process for Xsd and Xsq. The synchronous reactance along each of the axes is then used to calculate the developed torque and compared with the torque values from direct measurements. Comparative results have been extracted using FEA and both methods illustrate a good agreement. In addition, FEA provided important indications in terms of maximum allowable current during operation, indicating the starting performance conditions also. The paper ends with an indication of the direction for future development.
Evolutionary history and the effect of biodiversity on plant productivity

Loss of biological diversity because of extinction is one of the most pronounced changes to the global environment. For several decades, researchers have tried to understand how changes in biodiversity might impact biomass production by examining how biomass correlates with a number of biodiversity metrics (especially the number of species and functional groups). This body of research has focused on species with the implicit assumption that they are independent entities. However, functional and ecological similarities are shaped by patterns of common ancestry, such that distantly related species might contribute more to production than close relatives, perhaps by increasing niche breadth. Here, we analyze 2 decades of experiments performed in grassland ecosystems throughout the world and examine whether the evolutionary relationships among the species comprising a community predict how biodiversity impacts plant biomass production. We show that the amount of phylogenetic diversity within communities explained significantly more variation in plant community biomass than other measures of diversity, such as the number of species or functional groups. Our results reveal how evolutionary history can provide critical information for understanding, predicting, and potentially ameliorating the effects of biodiversity loss and should serve as an impetus for new biodiversity experiments.
Research on Process Structure for Distributed, Asynchronous Collaborative Writing Groups

This paper investigates using higher levels of scripted process structure (procedural explicitness) to improve outcomes of distributed, asynchronous collaborative writing (CW) teams that work on the Internet. This paper reports preliminary results of a one-and-a-half month field experiment on asynchronous collaborative writing using 550 participants. It is found that the highest levels of process structure provide the most benefits to the examined distributed work teams, which has important implications for optimizing distributed group work.