Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of high Lyman continuum leakage from four low-redshift compact star-forming galaxies

Following our first detection reported in Izotov et al. (2016), we present the detection of Lyman continuum (LyC) radiation of four other compact star-forming galaxies observed with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) onboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). These galaxies, at redshifts of z~0.3, are characterized by high emission-line flux ratios [OIII]5007/[OII]3727 > 5. The escape fractions of the LyC radiation fesc(LyC) in these galaxies are in the range of ~6%-13%, the highest values found so far in low-redshift star-forming galaxies. Narrow double-peaked Lyalpha emission lines are detected in the spectra of all four galaxies, compatible with predictions for Lyman continuum leakers. We find escape fractions of Lyalpha, fesc(Lyalpha) ~20%-40%, among the highest known for Lyalpha emitters (LAEs). Surface brightness profiles produced from the COS acquisition images reveal bright star-forming regions in the center and exponential discs in the outskirts with disc scale lengths alpha in the range ~0.6-1.4 kpc. Our galaxies are characterized by low metallicity, ~1/8-1/5 solar, low stellar mass ~(0.2 - 4)e9 Msun, high star formation rates SFR~14-36 Msun/yr, and high SFR densities Sigma~2-35 Msun/yr/kpc^2. These properties are comparable to those of high-redshift star-forming galaxies. Finally, our observations, combined with our first detection reported in Izotov et al. (2016), reveal that a selection for compact star-forming galaxies showing high [OIII]5007/[OII]3727 ratios appears to pick up very efficiently sources with escaping Lyman continuum radiation: all five of our selected galaxies are LyC leakers.
Visualizing the Dynamics of DNA Replication and Repair at the Single-Molecule Molecule Level

During cell division, the genome of each eukaryotic cell is copied by thousands of replisomes – large protein complexes consisting of several dozen proteins. Recent studies suggest that the eukaryotic replisome is much more dynamic than previously thought. To directly visualize replisome dynamics in a physiological context, we recently developed a single-molecule approach for imaging replication proteins in Xenopus egg extracts. These extracts contain all the soluble nuclear proteins and faithfully recapitulate DNA replication and repair in vitro, serving as a powerful platform for studying the mechanisms of genome maintenance. Here we present detailed protocols for conducting single-molecule experiments in nuclear egg extracts and preparing key reagents. This workflow can be easily adapted to visualize the dynamics and function of other proteins implicated in DNA replication and repair.
Revenue Persistence and Public Service Delivery

I exploit unusual policy variation in Indonesia to examine how local responses to intergovernmental grants depend on their persistence. A national reform generated permanent increases in the general grant that were larger for less densely populated districts, while hydrocarbon-rich districts experienced transitory shocks to shared resource revenue. Public service delivery strongly responded to the permanent shock, but not to the transitory shocks, consistent with districts providing lumpy public services as a function of lifetime fiscal resources. The timing and composition of expenditure responses are consistent with this mechanism. I discuss implications for decentralization policy and research on taxation and accountability. JEL codes: H72, H75, H77, O13, Q38
Turbulence and the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect

Copyright: 2018 American Physical Society. Due to copyright restrictions, the attached PDF file only contains the abstract of the full text item. For access to the full text item, please consult the publisher's website. The definitive version can be obtained via https://journals.aps. org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.97. 013835
Lectures on the holographic duality of gauge fields and strings

This chapter gives a pedagogical review of the holographic duality between string theory and quantum field theory. The main focus is on the duality of maximally supersymmetric Yang–Mills gauge theory in four dimensions with string theory in asymptotically anti-de Sitter backgrounds. This duality is motivated using the large N expansion in the rank of the gauge group, as well as the D-brane solution for the AdS string theory background. The computation of Wilson loops on both sides of the duality is given as an example.
Derivations of variational gaussian process approximation framework

Recently, within the VISDEM project (EPSRC funded EP/C005848/1), a novel variational approximation framework has been developed for inference in partially observed, continuous space-time, diffusion processes. In this technical report all the derivations of the variational framework, from the initial work, are provided in detail to help the reader better understand the framework and its assumptions.
Do Suﬃcient Institutions Alter the Relationship between Natural Resources And Economic Growth?

The purpose of this paper is to test whether institutional governance and its performance is a main driving force to achieve a positive relationship between natural resources and economic growth in the long run. The main objective is to ascertain what kind of institutional governance would be needed to distribute natural resource wealth in such a way so as to achieve economic stability, and what specific policies are needed to avoid the curse in resource-rich developing countries. The research makes an attempt to interpret the role of institutional governance, as reflected by the indicators, in the context of resource-rich, post-Soviet countries. The main finding is that an abundance of natural resources does not guarantee economic growth, where sustainable economic growth can be guaranteed, only if the resource-rich country has good institutional governance.
Open Research Online Perceptions across scales of governance and the Indonesian peatland ﬁres

Across leading environmental challenges — ﬁ re management, climate change, deforestation – there is growing awareness of the need to better account for diverse stakeholder perceptions across complex, multi-level governance arrangements. Perceptions often condition behavior, compliance and engagement in ways that impact environmental outcomes. We illustrate the importance of, and approaches to, examining perceptions across scales of governance (e.g. international, national, local) and sectors (e.g. civil society, government, corporate) through the example of Indonesian peatland ﬁ res. Peatlands are crucial global carbon stocks threatened by land use change and ﬁ re and subject to a range of policy interventions that a ﬀ ect many di ﬀ erent stakeholder groups. Peatland drainage and conversion to plantation agriculture has been associated with severe, uncontrolled peat ﬁ res that present signi ﬁ cant climate, public health and economic risks. Peatland ﬁ re management has become a domestic and international priority, spurring intensely contentious debates, policies and legal proceedings. Previous ﬁ re management interventions (FMI) are numerous yet have su ﬀ ered widespread implementation failures. Against this backdrop, our manuscript provides a thematically and methodologically novel analysis of how diverse stakeholders, from local farmers to international policy makers, perceive peatland ﬁ res in terms of, i) how they prioritize the associated bene ﬁ ts and burdens, and ii) the perceived e ﬀ ectiveness of FMI. We adopt an innovative application of Q method to provide needed insights that serve to quantify the areas of contention and consensus that exist among the stakeholders and their multi-dimensional perspectives. We show that many of the contemporary FMI were perceived as among the most e ﬀ ective interventions overall, but were also the most controversial between groups. Clear consensus areas were related to the shared concerns for the local health impacts and the potential of government support for ﬁ re-free alternatives as a solution pathway. Improved understanding of stakeholder perceptions has potential to: give voice to marginalized communities; enable transparent mediation of diverse priorities; inform public education campaigns, and shape future policy and governance arrangements.
Bipolar Ionization Cones in the Extended Narrow-line Region of Nearby QSO2s

We have used narrowband [O iii] λλ4959, 5007 and Hα+[N ii] λλ6548, 84 Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images of nine luminous (L[O iii] > 1042 erg s−1) type 2 QSOs with redshifts 0.1 < z < 0.5 in order to constrain the geometry of their extended narrow-line regions (ENLRs), as recent ground-based studies suggest that these regions become more spherical at high luminosities due to destruction of the torus. We instead find elongated ENLRs reaching 4–19 kpc from the nucleus and bipolar ionization cones in [O iii]/(Hα+[N ii]) excitation maps indicating that the torus survives these luminosities, allowing the escape of ≈10 times higher ionizing photon rates along the ionization axis than perpendicular to it. The exceptional HST angular resolution was key to our success in arriving at these conclusions. Combining our measurements with previous ones based on similar HST data, we have revisited the relation between the ENLR radius Rmaj and L[O iii] over the range 39 < log(L[O iii]) < 43.5 (L in erg s−1): log(Rmaj) = (0.51 ± 0.03) log(L[O iii])−18.12 ± 0.98. The radius of the ENLR keeps increasing with L[O iii] in our data, implying that the ENLR can extend to distances beyond the limit of the galaxy if gas is present there—e.g., from active galactic nucleus (AGN) outflows or interactions, seen in six objects of our sample. We attribute the flattening previously seen in this relation to the fact that the ENLR is matter-bounded, meaning that ionizing photons usually escape to the intergalactic medium in luminous AGNs. Estimated ionized gas masses of the ENLRs range from 0.3 to 2 × 108 M⊙, and estimated powers for associated outflows range from <0.1% to a few percent of the QSO luminosity.
ITQs, Firm Dynamics and Wealth Distribution: Does full tradability increase inequality?

Concerns over the re-distributive eﬀects of individual transferable quotas (ITQ’s) have led to restrictions on their tradability. We consider a general equilibrium model with ﬁrm dynamics to evaluate the redistributive impact of changing the tradability of ITQs. A change in tradability would happen, for example, if permits are allowed to be traded as a separate asset from ownership of an active ﬁrm. If the property right is associated with ownership of an active ﬁrm, the permit can be leased in each period but it is not possible to exit the industry and keep the right. However, allowing the permits to be traded as a separate asset has two eﬀects. First, it leads to a greater concentration of production in the industry. Second, it directly converts a non-tradable asset into a tradable one, and this is equivalent to giving a lump sum transfer to all ﬁrms. The ﬁrst eﬀect implies a concentration in revenues, while the second implies a redistribution of wealth. We calibrate our model to match the observed increase in revenue inequality in the Northeast Multispecies (Groundﬁsh) U.S. Fishery. We show that although observed revenue inequality –measured by the Gini coeﬃcient– increases by 12%, wealth inequality is reduced by 40%.
Non-stationary Causal Bandits

The causal bandit problem is an extension of the conventional multi-armed bandit 1 problem in which the arms available are not independent of each other, but rather 2 are correlated within themselves in a Bayesian graph. This extension is more 3 natural, since day-to-day cases of bandits often have a causal relation between their 4 actions and hence are better represented as a causal bandit problem. Moreover, 5 the class of conventional multi-armed bandits lies within that of causal bandits, 6 since any instance of the former can be modeled in the latter setting by using a 7 Bayesian graph with all independent variables. However, it is generally assumed 8 that the probabilistic distributions in the Bayesian graph are stationary. In this 9 paper, we design non-stationary causal bandit algorithms by equipping the actual 10 state of the art (mainly causal UCB , causal Thompson Sampling , causal KL 11 UCB and Online Causal TS ) with the restarted Bayesian online change-point 12 detector [2]. Experimental results show the minimization of the regret when using 13 optimal change-point detection. 14
Cooling in a dissipative dark sector

The possibility of a subdominant component of dark matter dissipating energy could lead to dramatic new phenomenology such as the formation of a dark disk. One rigorous way to assess this possibility and settle the debate on its feasibility is to include the dissipative dark component in a numerical hydrodynamical simulation. A necessary input to such a simulation is a prescription including energy dissipation rates of different processes and rates of processes that change the number densities of dark ions and atoms. In this article, we study the simplest dissipative dark sector which consists of a dark electron and proton, both charged under a dark gauged U(1). We present approximate analytic formulas for energy loss rates due to Compton scattering, bremsstrahlung, recombination, collisional ionization and collisional excitation as well as the rates of number density change. We also include the heating rate due to photoionization. The work serves as the first step to realize a numerical simulation including a dissipative dark sector, which hopefully can shed more light on the formation and properties of a dark disk originating from dark matter self-interactions.
Phenolic compounds and antiradical capacity of five wild accessions of Portulaca oleracea L. obtained with three solvents

Purslane ( Portulaca oleracea L.) is a species recognized for its high levels of bioactive compounds, among which the compounds with antioxidant properties stand out. The objective of the work was to determine the variation of phenolic metabolites and their antiradical capabilities in wild accessions of P. oleracea . The research was conducted with samples from five municipalities in Tamaulipas, Mexico collected in October 2018. The contents of total phenolic compounds (CFT) and free radical scavenging capacity against ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydracyl) were determined. Extractions were made from vegetative parts using three solvents: acetone, water and ethanol. The accession of the localities of Abasolo and Padilla were the ones that had the highest amount of CFT with 5.8938 ±0.03 and 5.3742 ±0.11 mEAG g -1 PS, respectively, using water in the extraction. Regarding the free radical scavenging capacity against ABTS, the accession of Abasolo and Jiménez recorded the highest values, with 3.27 ±0.06 and 3.2226 ±0.04 mM ET g -1 PS. Regarding the level against DPPH radicals, the accession of Abasolo was the highest with 2.0204 ±0.05 mM ET g -1 PS, using water in the extraction. Water was the best solvent for the extraction of the determined contents. Heterogeneity was observed in the composition and levels of the parameters evaluated among the accessions. Wild P. oleracea accessions represent reservoirs of phenolic compounds and free radical scavenging capacity, including cultivated and wild varieties.
Neural Latent Dynamics Models

We introduce Neural Latent Dynamics Models (NLDMs), a neural ordinary differential equations (ODEs)-based architecture to perform end-to-end nonlinear latent dynamics discovery, without the need to include any inductive bias related to either the underlying physical model or the latent coordinates space. The effectiveness of this strategy is experimentally tested in the framework of reduced order modeling, considering a set of problems involving high-dimensional data generated from nonlinear time-dependent parameterized partial differential equations (PDEs) simulations, where we aim at performing extrapolation in time, to forecast the PDE solution out of the time interval and/or the parameters range where training data were acquired. Results highlight NLDMs’ capabilities to perform low-dimensional latent dynamics learning in three different scenarios.
X-Ray Emission from the Nuclear Region of Arp 220

We present an imaging and spectral analysis of the nuclear region of the ultraluminous infrared galaxy merger of Arp 220, using deep Chandra-ACIS observations summing up to ∼ 300 ks . Narrowband imaging with subpixel resolution of the innermost nuclear region reveals two distinct Fe–K emitting sources, coincident with the infrared and radio nuclear clusters. These sources are separated by 1′ (∼380 pc). The X-ray emission is extended and elongated in the eastern (E) nucleus, like the disk emission observed in millimeter radio images, suggesting a starburst dominance in this region. We estimate an Fe–K equivalent width of ≳ 1 keV for both sources and observe 2–10 keV luminosities of ∼ 2 × 10 40 erg s − 1 (western, W) and ∼ 3 × 10 40 erg s − 1 (E). In the 6–7 keV band the emission from these regions is dominated by the 6.7 keV Fe xxv line, suggesting a contribution from collisionally ionized gas. The thermal energy content of this gas is consistent with the kinetic energy injection in the interstellar medium by SNe II. However, nuclear winds from a hidden active galactic nucleus (AGN) ( υ ∼ 2000 km s − 1 ) cannot be excluded. The 3 σ upper limits on the neutral Fe–Kα flux of the nuclear regions correspond to the intrinsic AGN 2–10 keV luminosities of < 1 × 10 42 erg s − 1 (W) and < 0.4 × 10 42 erg s − 1 (E). For typical AGN spectral energy distributions the bolometric luminosities are < 3 × 10 43 erg s − 1 (W) and < 8 × 10 43 erg s − 1 (E), and black hole masses of < 1 × 10 5 M ☉ (W) and < 5 × 10 5 M ☉ (E) are evaluated for Eddington limited AGNs with a standard 10% efficiency.
Approximating np-hard problems efficient algorithms and their limits

Most combinatorial optimization problems are NP-hard to solve optimally. A natural approach to cope with this intractability is to design an “approximation algorithm”—an efficient algorithm that is guaranteed to produce a good approximation to the optimum solution. The last two decades has witnessed tremendous developments in the design of approximation algorithms mostly fueled by convex optimization techniques such as linear or semidefinite programming. In this thesis, we present algorithmic and lower bound results that characterize the power and limitations of these techniques on large classes of combinatorial optimization problems. The thesis identifies a specific simple semidefinite program and demonstrates the following: (1) This semidefinite program yields the optimal approximation to every problem in one of the large classes such as constraint satisfaction problems (CSP), metric labeling problems and ordering constraint satisfaction problems under the Unique Games Conjecture ( UGC). To show this, we exhibit a general black-box reduction from hard instances to a linear/semidefinite program to corresponding hardness results based on the UGC. Not only does this confirm a widely suspected connection, it settles the approximability of classic optimization problems such as CSPs, MULTIWAY CUT and MAXIMUM ACYCLIC SUBGRAPH under UGC. (2) The thesis presents a generic algorithm for constraint satisfaction problems (CSP) based on this semidefinite program. Irrespective of the truth of UGC, this generic algorithm is guaranteed to obtain an approximation at least as good as all known algorithms for specific CSPs. (3) Independent of the truth of UGC, the approximation obtained by this semidefinite program cannot be improved by any convex relaxation that is obtained by including any valid constraints on at most O(2(log log N)¼) vectors.
A SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC QUERY EXPANSION IN A BROWSER-BASED ENVIRONMENT

: This paper introduces a system for automatic query expansion. It is aimed at helping users to search for text documents in the World Wide Web through the usage of local text corpora residing on the user’s computer. These text documents are used to select appropriate terms to expand search queries. With this technology the search context is not just generated on the server side of a web search engine, but emerges right on the user’s PC. This helps to consider the existing local knowledge stored on a computer right before a maybe imprecise query is sent. Users searching in an unknown problem domain can therefore expect more accurate search results. But even experts in an area can get benefit from this, as their queries will likely not be expanded with improper terms, when using documents of their area of expertise. Even queries containing homonyms can be properly expanded as well. Another advantage is the narrowed amount of search results of an expanded query. The technical implementation is based on a Firefox browser extension, called “FXResearcher”, which is composed of a full text indexer and a module for query expansion.
Agent-based Splitting of Patient-Therapist Interviews for Depression Estimation

There has been considerable research in the field of automated mental health analysis. Studies based on patient-therapist interviews usually treat the dyadic discourse as a sequence of sentences, thus ignoring individual sentence types (question or answer). To avoid this situation, we design a multi-view architecture that retains the symmetric discourse structure by dividing the transcripts into patient and therapist views. Experiments on the DAIC-WOZ dataset for depression level rating show performance improvements over baselines and state-of-the-art models.
ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OF SIGNALS AND IMAGES Analysis of the Efficiency of Hyperspectral Data Classification under Constraints on the Quantization Bit Depth, the Number of Spectral Channels, and Spatial Resolution

The possibility of creating an operational frame hyperspectrometer functioning as a conventional camera is studied. It is considered how the classification efficiency will change with the implementation of the idea of creating a compact and easy-to-use hyperspectral camera with promptly tunable parameters. On a test hyperspectral image, experimental studies of the classification accuracy were performed depending on the number of spectral channels and the method of their selection, spatial resolution, and the bit depth of signal brightness quantization. It is shown that the resulting accuracy decreases but remains reasonable for a wide range of practical problems. DOI: 10.3103/S8756699022030062