Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Schottky Barrier CMOS Scalable , Lower Cost , Radiation Tolerant , High Performance Technology for Sub-25 nm Gate Lengths Technology Overview

Spinnaker Semiconductor has demonstrated and continues to develop a patent-protected metal source/drain Schottky barrier MOS technology (SBMOS). The SBMOS transistor architecture replaces the impurity doped source and drains of conventional silicon MOS with metal. This simple change provides numerous performance, manufacturability and cost advantages compared to competing silicon CMOS architectures for the physical gate length technology nodes below 45 nm. Sub-30nm PMOS and NMOS devices have been fabricated at MIT-Lincoln Lab. Non-optimized PMOS devices nearly meet roadmap drive and leakage current requirements for high performance logic applications and are competitive with the current state-of-the-art for this channel-length regime. Extremely high fT is measured up to 300 GHz for sub-30nm PMOS devices, which to the best of our knowledge, is the highest fT reported to date for silicon MOS transistors. The metal source-drain SBMOS architecture provides numerous and broad benefits, which are highly relevant considering the industry’s roadmap and technology challenges in both the near and long term. Technology benefits include scalability to the sub-10nm channel length regime; less than 10 Ω−μm total source-drain parasitic series resistance; channel mobility enhancement; and inherent tolerance to radiation effects including unconditional elimination of latchup and significant reduction of soft-error rates. Remarkably, this is accomplished using a manufacturing process that is simpler and requires fewer masks than conventional silicon CMOS, a feature not found in other competing transistor technologies. The process is 100% compatible with existing silicon CMOS factories and with new industry innovations including SOI, strained silicon, metal gates, and high K dielectrics. Spinnaker Semiconductor, Inc. © 2004 Page 2 of 12
Statistics of partial minima

We study pseudo-optimal solutions to multi-objective optimization problems by introducing partial minima defined as follows. Point x k-dominates x′ when at least k of the coordinates of x are smaller than the corresponding coordinates of x′. A point not k-dominated by any other point in the set is a k-minimum or a partial minimum, generalizing the global minimum. We study statistical properties of partial minima for a set of N points independently distributed inside the d-dimensional unit hypercube using exact probabilistic methods and heuristic scaling techniques. The average number of partial minima, A, decays algebraically with the total number of points, A ∼ N−(d−k)/k, when 1 ⩽ k < d. Interestingly, there are k − 1 distinct scaling laws characterizing the largest coordinates: the distribution P(yj) of the jth largest coordinate, yj, decays algebraically, , with for 1 ⩽ j ⩽ k − 1. The average number of partial minima grows logarithmically, , when k = d. The full distribution of the number of minima is obtained in closed form in two dimensions.
Direct parallelization of call statements

Asynchronous CALL statements are necessary in order to use more than one processor in current multiprocessors. Detecting CALL statements that may be executed in parallel is one way to fill this need. This approach requires accurate approximations of called procedure effects. This is achieved by using new objects called Region and Execution Context. An algorithm to find asynchronous CALL statements is given. It involves a new dependence test to compute data dependence graphs, which provides better results than previous ones even when no CALL statements are involved. This method has been implemented in Parafrase and preliminary results are encouraging.
Constitutive Expression of Functionally Active Protease-Activated Receptors 1 and 2 in Human Conjunctival Epithelial Cells

Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are G-protein-coupled receptors which initiate inflammatory responses when activated by specific serine proteases. This study was conducted to examine whether human conjunctival epithelial cells (HCECs) express functionally active PAR1 and PAR2 using Chang conjunctival epithelial cells as in vitro model. We performed RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analyses to determine the expression of PAR1 and PAR2, and monitored the production of IL-6 after activating HCECs with PAR1 activating agents (thrombin or TFLLRN) or PAR2 activating agents (tryptase, trypsin, or SLIGKV). The results show that HCECs constitutively express PAR1 and PAR2 mRNA and proteins, and produce significant amounts of IL-6 when incubated with specific PAR-activating enzymes or agonist peptides. Thrombin- and tryptase-induced HCEC activation was blocked by PAR1 and PAR2 neutralizing antibodies, respectively, and by specific enzyme inhibitors. The constitutive expression of PAR1 and PAR2, and their activation by thrombin and tryptase, respectively, may have important implications in ocular inflammation.
Organizational Behavior: Human Behavior at Work

Part 1 Fundamentals of organizational behaviour: the dynamics of people and organizations models of organizational behaviour managing communications social systems and organizational culture. Part 2 Motivation and reward systems: motivational basics motivational applications appraising and rewarding performance. Part 3 Leadership and empowerment: leadership empowerment and participation. Part 4 Individual and interpersonal behaviour employee's attitudes and their effects issues between organizations and individuals interpersonal behaviour. Part 5 Group behaviour: informal and formal groups teams and team building. Part 6 Changes and its effects: managing change stress and counselling. Part 7 Emerging aspects of organizational behaviour: organizational behaviour across cultures organizational behaviour in perspective. Part 8 Case problems: the teaching hospital creative toys Eastern International Goodman Company Falcon Computer Company The Consolidated Life Company the Video Electronics Company Elite Electric Company The Patterson Operations TRW Oilwell Cable Division.
Cross-Sector Alliance Learning and Effectiveness of Voluntary Codes of Corporate Social Responsibility

Firms and industries increasingly subscribe to voluntary codes of conduct. These self-regulatory governance systems can be effective in establishing a more sustainable and inclusive global economy. However, these codes can also be largely symbolic, reactive measures to quell public criticism. Cross-sector alliances (between for-profit and nonprofit actors) present a learning platform for infusing participants with greater incentives to be socially responsible. They can provide multinationals new capabilities that allow them to more closely ally social responsibility with economic performance. This paper examines learning facilitators in cross-sector alliances that enrich corporate understanding of stakeholder concerns. It suggests that these organizational learning experiments can translate into globally responsible practices and processes that improve the content and effectiveness of voluntary corporate codes.
Discovery of a Dusty Ring in the Coalsack: A Dense Core Caught in the Act of Formation?

We present a new infrared extinction study of Globule 2, the most opaque molecular cloud core in the Coalsack complex. Using deep near-infrared imaging observations obtained with the ESO New Technology Telescope, we are able to examine the structure of the globule in significantly greater detail than previously possible. We find the most prominent structural feature of this globule to be a strong central ring of dust column density that was not evident in lower resolution studies of this cloud. This ring represents a region of high density and pressure that is likely a transient structure. For a spherical cloud geometry, the ring would correspond to a dense inner shell of high pressure that could not be in dynamical equilibrium with its surroundings, since there appear to be no sources of pressure in the central regions of the cloud that could support the shell against gravity and prevent its inward implosion. The timescale for the inward collapse of the ring would be less than 2 × 105 yr, suggesting that this globule is in an extremely early stage of evolution, and is perhaps being caught in the process of forming a centrally condensed dense core or Bok globule. Outside its central regions, the globule displays a well-behaved density profile whose shape is very similar to that of a stable Bonnor-Ebert sphere. Using the Swedish ESO Submillimeter Telescope, we also obtained a C18O spectrum toward the center of the cloud. The CO observation indicates that the globule is a gravitationally bound object. Analysis of the CO line profile reveals significant nonthermal gas motions likely due to turbulence. As a whole, the globule may be evolving to a global state of quasi-static dynamical equilibrium in which thermal and turbulent pressure balance gravity.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Differential response of bovine mammary epithelial cells to Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli agonists of the innate immune system

Mastitis caused by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathology of dairy cows. To better understand the differential response of the mammary gland to these two pathogens, we stimulated bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC) with either E. coli crude lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or with S. aureus culture supernatant (SaS) to compare the transcriptomic profiles of the initial bMEC response. By using HEK 293 reporter cells for pattern recognition receptors, the LPS preparation was found to stimulate TLR2 and TLR4 but not TLR5, Nod1 or Nod2, whereas SaS stimulated TLR2. Biochemical analysis revealed that lipoteichoic acid, protein A and α -hemolysin were all present in SaS, and bMEC were found to be responsive to each of these molecules. Transcriptome profiling revealed a core innate immune response partly shared by LPS and SaS. However, LPS induced expression of a significant higher number of genes and the fold changes were of greater magnitude than those induced by SaS. Microarray data analysis suggests that the activation pathways and the early chemokine and cytokine production preceded the defense and stress responses. A major differential response was the activation of the type I IFN pathway by LPS but not by SaS. The higher upregulation of chemokines ( Cxcl10 , Ccl2 , Ccl5 and Ccl20 ) that target mononuclear leucocytes by LPS than by SaS is likely to be related to the differential activation of the type I IFN pathway, and could induce a different profile of the initial recruitment of leucocytes. The MEC responses to the two stimuli were different, as LPS was associated with NF- κ B and Fas signaling pathways, whereas SaS was associated with AP-1 and IL-17A signaling pathways. It is noteworthy that at the protein level secretion of TNF- α and IL-1 β was not induced by either stimulus. These results suggest that the response of MEC to diffusible stimuli from E. coli and S. aureus contributes to the onset of the response with differential leucocyte recruitment and distinct inflammatory and innate immune reactions of the mammary gland to infection.
Capital, Labour, Material and R&D Investment in Japan: The Issue of Double-Counting

R&D components are investigated in dynamic factor demand models using pooled Japanese data. Models without R&D, with R&D (double or) wrongly counted and (once or) correctly counted are compared by means of GMM estimates, (non-)nested GMM tests and residual analyses. The results indicate that R&D contributes significantly to the explanation of capital, labour, energy and materials demand in the Japanese manufacturing industry. Double-counted R&D is even preferred to not incorporating R&D as a separate production factor. After including R&D as a production factor and correcting for double-counting, there is however no unambiguous answer to the question which model utilizes the information of R&D best.
An Area Based Image Matching Algorithm and Its Implementation

Aiming at the problems of the global image matching, an area based on image matching algorithm is presented. In the paper, the principle of area based image matching is given firstly and the algorithm is analyzed in detail. In the algorithm, in order to diminish the influence of the segmentation to image matching, color key feature points are chosen as the feature of image and weighted distance measurement are used to achieve the coarse image matching and get candidate locations. Dominant color extraction to candidate locations according to human vision, the final result is achieved by precise matching which is measured by color measurement. A large number of experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the algorithm.
Technical Refinements in Single-Port Laparoscopic Surgery of Inguinal Hernia in Infants and Children

The techniques of minimal access surgery for pediatric inguinal hernia are numerous and they continue to evolve, with a trend toward increasing use of extracorporeal knotting and decreasing use of working ports and endoscopic instruments. Single-port endoscopic-assisted percutaneous extraperitoneal closure seems to be the ultimate attainment, and numerous techniques have mushroomed in the past decade. This article comprehensively reviews and compares the various single-port techniques. These techniques mainly vary in their approaches to the hernia defect with different devices, which are designed to pass a suture to enclose the orifice of the defect. However, most of these emerging techniques fail to entirely enclose the hernia defect and have the potential to lead to higher incidence of hernia recurrence. Accompanying preperitoneal hydrodissection and keeping identical subcutaneous path for introducing and withdrawing the suture, the suture could tautly enclose the hernia defect without upper subcutaneous tissues and a lower peritoneal gap, and a trend towards achieving a near-zero recurrence rate.
Monitoring and Controlling Content Access in KAD

We propose a new distributed architecture that aims to investigate and control the spread of contents in the KAD P2P network through the indexation of keywords and files. Our solution can control the DHT at a local level with a new strategy bypassing the Sybil attack protections inserted in KAD. For the targeted DHT entries, we can monitor all requests emitted by the peers, from the initial content publication or search, to the final download request of fake files, assessing accurately peers interest to access it. We demonstrate the efficiency of our approach through experiments performed on the worldwide KAD network.
TAAC: A trust-aware access control model

Existing access control models which are designed to preserve integrity are inadequate for distributed system. In this paper, we propose a trust aware access control model called TAAC, which extends the existing access control models with trust level. Moreover, it assigns trust level to each subject and object, and can dynamically adjust it. We partly implement TAAC model based on attestation.
Measuring the administrative water allocation mechanism and agricultural amenities

Many arid countries use an administrative water allocation mechanism. Quotas, price discrimination, and increasing block tariffs are set and enforced by prohibiting the resale of water. Critics of this mechanism argue that allocation is politicized, subjective and slow to respond, and therefore misallocates water compared to a market mechanism. However, an administrative mechanism also promotes social goals that are not valued economically. In this paper, both positive and negative impacts of the administrative allocation are explored, using a general equilibrium model and with Israel as a case study. The model concludes that from 1995 to 2006, potable water misallocation in Israel was relatively small, on average of 5.5 percent of the potable water supply. The value of agricultural amenities is imputed at approximately 2.3 times agricultural output. At the margin, introducing a water market in Israel is not recommended, i.e., net-social welfare would fall. JEL classification: C68 ; Q15 ; Q25 ; Q28 ; O21
From Target to Implementation: Perspectives for the International Governance of Forest Landscape Restoration

Continuing depletion of forest resources, particularly in tropical developing countries, has turned vast areas of intact ecosystems into urbanized and agricultural lands. The degree of degradation varies, but in most cases, the ecosystem functions and the ability to provide a variety of ecosystem services are severely impaired. In addition to many other challenges, successful forest restoration of these lands requires considerable resources and funding, but the ecological, economic and social benefits have the potential to outweigh the investment. As a consequence, at the international policy level, restoration is seen as a field of land use activities that provides significant contributions to simultaneously achieving different environmental and social policy objectives. Accordingly, different policy processes at the international policy level have made ecological landscape restoration a global priority, in particular the Convention on Biological Diversity with the Aichi Target 15 agreed upon in 2010, which aims at restoring 15% of all degraded land areas by 2020. While such ambitious policy targets are important for recognizing and agreeing upon solutions for environmental problems, they are unlikely to be further substantiated or governed. The objective of this paper is thus to develop a complementary governance approach to the top-down implementation of the Aichi target. Drawing on collaborative and network governance theories, we discuss the potential of a collaborative networked governance approach and perspectives for overcoming the inherent challenges facing a rapid large-scale restoration of degraded lands.
Research on Accident Inversion and Analysis Method of the Oil and Gas Pipeline SCADA System

It is more intuitive and clear to analyze and judge the pipeline accident with completely inversion and prediction. This paper studies accidents inversion and analysis methods for the oil and gas pipeline SCADA system. First, we save log data and real-time data section in the database and creating event scenes. Then, we use inversion with the accident realtime data section, log data and the timeline playback data. We also use an accident analysis method based on Apriori - a association make rules mining algorithm with specified features, to a preliminary diagnosis for the alarms, accidents, equipment new breakdowns, etc. In the industry experiment, this method is proved to be effective to help the dispatcher locate reason the accident spot and provide decision support for the analysis.
Fish in the matrix: motor learning in a virtual world

One of the large remaining challenges in the field of zebrafish neuroscience is the establishment of techniques and preparations that permit the recording and perturbation of neural activity in animals that can interact meaningfully with the environment. Since it is very difficult to do this in freely behaving zebrafish, I describe here two alternative approaches that meet this goal via tethered preparations. The first uses head-fixation in agarose in combination with online imaging and analysis of tail motion. In the second method, paralyzed fish are suspended with suction pipettes in mid-water and nerve root recordings serve as indicators for intended locomotion. In both cases, fish can be immersed into a virtual environment and allowed to interact with this virtual world via real or fictive tail motions. The specific examples given in this review focus primarily on the role of visual feedback~– but the general principles certainly extend to other modalities, including proprioception, hearing, balance, and somatosensation.
A Soft-Switching DC/DC Converter With High Voltage Gain for Renewable Energy Application

A soft-switching dc/dc converter with high voltage gain is proposed in this paper. It provides a continuous input current and high voltage gain. Moreover, soft-switching characteristic of the proposed converter reduces switching loss of active power switches and raises the conversion efficiency. The reverse-recovery problem of output rectifiers is also alleviated by controlling the current changing rates of diodes with the use of the leakage inductance of a coupled inductor. Hybrid power system consists of a combination of renewable energy sources such as: photovoltaic (PV), wind generators, hydro, etc., to charge batteries and provide power to meet the energy demand. Finally, a simplified design procedure is proposed in hybrid system by using stand-alone application.
Simultaneous tilt correction and registration of CT angiography and dynamic CT brain images

In this paper we present a pre-processing stage for an automated volumetric CT stroke image diagnosis system. It concerns the automatic intensity-based 3D image registration of dynamic CT (used for CT perfusion imaging) to CT angiography (CTA) images. The dynamic CT images were acquired with a gantry tilt and hence the correct geometry is found. The tilt correction is performed implicitly and combined with intensity based registration to the CTA image. The accuracy of image registration is measured by the overlap of the segmented skull from both images. The results are promising with more efficient implementation in future for clinical feasibility.
Interferon-Gamma Release Assay Performance of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Peripheral Blood in Tuberculous Meningitis in China

The aim of this study was to examine the performance of T-SPOT.TB on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood (PB) in diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in China. Of 100 patients with presumed TBM prospectively enrolled from Sep 2012 to Oct 2014, 53 were TBM (21 definite and 32 probable TBM cases) and 37 were non-TBM cases; the other 10 patients were excluded from analysis due to inconclusive diagnosis, no sufficient CSF samples, or incomplete follow-up. T-SPOT.TB on CSF and PB and routine laboratory tests of CSF were performed simultaneously. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and cut-off value of CSF T-SPOT.TB and routine CSF parameters were established between TBM and non-TBM group. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of the T-SPOT.TB on CSF and PB was 0.81 and 0.89, which was higher than that of the routine CSF parameters (AUC 0.67–0.77). Although the sensitivity of CSF T-SPOT.TB was lower than that of PB T-SPOT.TB (60.8% versus 90.6%, P < 0.001), the specificity of CSF T-SPOT.TB was significantly higher than that of PB T-SPOT.TB (97.2% versus 75.7%, P = 0.007). These results indicated that the diagnostic accuracies of PB and CSF T-SPOT.TB are higher than routine laboratory tests. Furthermore, the higher specificity of CSF T-SPOT.TB makes it a useful rule-in test in rapid diagnosis of TBM.
Newly identified pair of proteasomal subunits regulated reciprocally by interferon gamma

Interferon (IFN) gamma induces replacements of the proteasomal subunits X and Y by LMP7 and LMP2, respectively, resulting in an alteration of the proteolytic specificity. We found a third pair of proteasome subunits expressed reciprocally in response to IFN-gamma. Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding one subunit designated as Z, downregulated by IFN-gamma, showed that it is a novel proteasomal subunit with high homology to MECL1, which is markedly induced by IFN-gamma. Thus, IFN- gamma induces subunit replacements of not only X and Y by LMP7 and LMP2, respectively, but also of Z by MECL1, producing proteasomes responsible for immunological processing of endogenous antigens. When processed from their precursors, three pairs of the 10 homologous, but distinct, beta-type subunits of eukaryotic proteasomes, that is, X/LMP7, Y/LMP2, and Z/MECL1, have an NH2-terminal threonine residue, assumed to be part of a catalytic center. These findings suggest that the altered molecular organization of the proteasome induced by IFN- gamma may be responsible for acquisition of its functional change.