Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A recommended market research based approach for small software companies for improving systematic reuse capability in delivering customized software solutions

Small software companies can neither be typical software product company like Microsoft, nor afford to develop each customized application for individual customer from clean slate without taking into consideration of reuse. Systematic reuse is an opportunity of continued cost reduction and quality improvement in software delivery. Small software companies in Bangladesh and the rest of the world need to exploit this opportunity to deal with ever increasing competitive market forces. Systematic reuse largely depends on the scope of delivering customized software applications in the same market segment repeatedly to multiple customers. Understanding the market for defining the generic software application concept which will be customized for meeting individual customer's demand and expectation in a profitable manner is difficult. Thorough market analysis provides basic inputs for defining generic product concept for launching customized software application for delivering services targeting suitable market segments. Choosing an appropriate market research methodology is challenging within the context where the market forces for software application are rapidly changing. And a successful new service launch around customized application delivery by targeting an attractive market segment is thought by many to be the key to business growth and profitability. The problem of establishing a successful new business around a generic software product concept is not challenging because of shortage of ideas, but rather problems exist in proper analysis of the market, studying different market segments, targeting the attractive segment, minimizing development expenses, pricing product appropriately, adopting reuse capability for continued price reduction and quality improvement to deal with evolving market forces and marketing the new product. This paper, therefore, suggests the application of market research methodology to screen new software application ideas based on market analysis and shows how a software company can combine market research with new software product development to provide exciting customized software applications that better meet consumer requirements and make the company profitable. Both state-of-art-review and filed investigation have been performed to assess global as well as local practices of market research methodology in different industries including the software industry. Upon analysis of review outputs and field level investigation findings, a set of recommendations for practicing market research methodology for small software companies have been derived for improving systematic reuse based sustained capability improvement in delivering customized software applications in attractive market segments in an increasing profitable manner.
Development of guidelines to facilitate improved support of South Asian carers by primary health care teams

Background—Evidence based guidelines are regarded as an appropriate basis for providing effective health care, but few guidelines incorporate the views of users such as carers. Aim—To develop guidelines to assist primary health care teams (PHCTs) in their work with carers within South Asian communities. Methods—The guidelines were drawn up by a development group consisting of members of teams in areas with South Asian communities (Leicester and Bradford). The teams were invited to make their recommendations based on a systematic review of literature on minority ethnic carers and the findings of a study of the needs and experiences of local South Asian carers. A grading system was devised to enable the teams and a group of expert peer reviewers to assess the quality of evidence in support of each recommendation. Results—The teams agreed seven recommendations, graded according to available evidence and strength of opinion. External peer review supported the PHCTs' interpretation of evidence and their recommendations. The recommendations included consideration of communication and information for carers, coordination of care within teams, and recognition by team members of the roles of carers and their cultural and religious beliefs. Conclusion—There are particular steps that PHCTs can take to improve their support of South Asian carers. It is possible to develop guidelines that take users' views into account and incorporate evidence from qualitative studies.
The search for a ridge structure origin with shower broadening and jet quenching

We investigate the role of jet and shower parton broadening by the strong colour field in the Δη–Δ correlation of high pT particles. When anisotropic momentum broadening (Δpz > ΔpT) is given to jet and shower partons in the initial stage, a ridge-like structure is found to appear in the two-hadron correlation. The ratio of the peak to the pedestal yield is overestimated.
VIP activates and couples clock cells. Focus on "Disrupted neuronal activity rhythms in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-deficient mice".

Neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), located in the ventromedial hypothalamus, comprise the central mammalian circadian pacemaker ([Reppert and Weaver 2002][1]). In dispersed culture, these neurons can generate autonomous circadian (ca. 24 h) oscillations in spontaneous firing rate ([Welsh
Bottle graphs: visualizing scalability bottlenecks in multi-threaded applications

Understanding and analyzing multi-threaded program performance and scalability is far from trivial, which severely complicates parallel software development and optimization. In this paper, we present bottle graphs, a powerful analysis tool that visualizes multi-threaded program performance, in regards to both per-thread parallelism and execution time. Each thread is represented as a box, with its height equal to the share of that thread in the total program execution time, its width equal to its parallelism, and its area equal to its total running time. The boxes of all threads are stacked upon each other, leading to a stack with height equal to the total program execution time. Bottle graphs show exactly how scalable each thread is, and thus guide optimization towards those threads that have a smaller parallel component (narrower), and a larger share of the total execution time (taller), i.e. to the 'neck' of the bottle. Using light-weight OS modules, we calculate bottle graphs for unmodified multi-threaded programs running on real processors with an average overhead of 0.68%. To demonstrate their utility, we do an extensive analysis of 12 Java benchmarks running on top of the Jikes JVM, which introduces many JVM service threads. We not only reveal and explain scalability limitations of several well-known Java benchmarks; we also analyze the reasons why the garbage collector itself does not scale, and in fact performs optimally with two collector threads for all benchmarks, regardless of the number of application threads. Finally, we compare the scalability of Jikes versus the OpenJDK JVM. We demonstrate how useful and intuitive bottle graphs are as a tool to analyze scalability and help optimize multi-threaded applications.
Explaining the Patterns of Child Support among Low-Income Non-custodial Fathers

This paper analyzes how low-income fathers allocate their resources across complex parenting situations, and why some fathers provide no support at all to their non-custodial children. Data come from the Time, Love, and Cash among Couples with Children (TLC3) project, a longitudinal, qualitative study of 75 romantically involved parents who have just shared a birth. One possible explanation for the lack of support is that fathers have children across multiple households, and either do not have enough money to provide to all children or preferentially direct their resources to the newest child. We do not find this to be the case, as a more plausible explanation for the lack of support is the very low levels of paternal resources.
The effects of intake of lucerne ( Medicago sativa L . ) and orchard grass ( Dactylis glornerata L . ) hay on the motility of the forestomach and digesta flow at the abomaso-duodenal junction of the sheep

I . The relations between food intake, reticulo-ruminal motility and abomasal digesta outflow were investigated in ewes receiving lucerne (Medicugo sativa) v. orchard grass (Daclylis glornerata) hay. Abomasal digesta outflow was recorded continuously by means of an electromagnetic flowmeter probe inserted into a duodenal T-shape cannula and the motility using strain-gauge force transducers. Volumes and turnover rates of both rumen and abomasal liquid phases were measured by CrEDTA dilution. 2. The voluntary intake of lucerne was higher (60%) than that of orchard grass hay, and paralleled by an increased abomasal outflow (65 %) corresponding to an increased number of gushes of digesta through the flowmeter probe: 129/h instead of 78/h on orchard grass hay. Abomasal motor activity was enhanced (35 X), and periods of regular spiking activity were seen passing along the duodenum at a higher velocity for the lucerne diet than for the orchard grass diet. The increased abomasal outflow with lucerne hay was associated with a higher reticulo-ruminal turnover rate, but not abomasal turnover rate. Abomasal, but not reticulo-ruminal volume, was increased (30%) when lucerne hay was fed ad lib. 3. The total number of reticulo-ruminal contractions was increased by 6.6 % when the dry matter entering the duodenum was increased by 70.6 %, suggesting the level of voluntary intake, rather than reticulo-ruminal motility, as a major factor governing abomasal outflow in sheep. 4. More frequent passages of digesta, unrelated to duodenal contractions, were recorded in ewes receiving lucerne compared with orchard grass. Both a higher viscosity of the contents due to the addition of guar gum and the impairment of antroduodenal motility by 5-hydroxytryptophan were able to reduce the flow rate of orchard grass digesta, but did not affect the higher flow rate of lucerne digesta. The findings suggest that the high abomasal outflow in sheep fed on lucerne ad lib. is related to a low viscosity of the contents that are propelled, even in the case of antral contractions of low magnitude.
Dynamical patterns of bang-bang phase-locked loops

This paper examines the nonlinear dynamics of a model of a second order bang-bang phase-locked loops (BB-PLL). The system behaviour is categorised into four distinct dynamical patterns, the transient behaviour (global attraction) and three steady-state possibilities (locking, slew-rate limiting and limit cycles). In order to give further insight into the occurrence of these dynamical patterns, a continuous model of the system is introduced.
Stiffness Display by Muscle Contraction Via Electric Muscle Stimulation

Although electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) has been used in various haptic interfaces, haptic sense induced by EMS does not satisfactorily provide the full spectrum of haptic events. It is difficult to convey certain haptic sensations accurately through EMS. In this study, we aim to create the haptic sensation of the stiffness of an object by using muscle contraction induced by EMS. To simulate varying degrees of stiffness or elasticity of different objects, we must vary the displayed force depending on the displacement. To generate a haptic sensation corresponding to the force applied on the hand, we measure the generated force at the hand when electric stimulation is applied to a particular muscle. Once we have a model of the relationship between the applied electric stimulation and the generated force, we can determine the intensity of the electric stimulation required to simulate the target stiffness. In this study, we develop a haptic force display system that renders different levels of stiffness using EMS. We analyze the performance of our system by measuring the perceived stiffness in human experiments. The experimental results show a positive correlation between the target stiffness and perceived stiffness.
Apolipoprotein A-II Is Inversely Associated With Risk of Future Coronary Artery Disease

Background— Although the vasculoprotective effects of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major protein associated with high-density lipoprotein, have been universally accepted, apoA-II has been suggested to have poor antiatherogenic or even proatherogenic properties. To study this suggestion more closely, we evaluated how serum levels of apoA-II and apoA-I relate to the risk of future coronary artery disease (CAD) in a large, prospective study. Methods and Results— We performed a nested case-control study in the prospective EPIC-Norfolk (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Norfolk) cohort. Case subjects (n=912) were apparently healthy men and women aged 45 to 79 years who developed fatal or nonfatal CAD during a mean follow-up of 6 years. Control subjects (n=1635) were matched by age, gender, and enrollment time. Conditional logistic regression was used to quantify the relationship between serum apoA-II levels and risk of CAD. Serum apoA-II concentration was significantly lower in case subjects (34.5±6.3 mg/dL) than in control subjects (35.2±5.8 mg/dL) and was inversely associated with risk of CAD, such that patients in the upper quartile (>38.1 mg/dL) had an odds ratio of 0.59 (95% confidence interval 0.46 to 0.76) versus those in the lowest quartile (<31.1 mg/dL; P for linearity <0.0001). After adjustment for fasting time, alcohol use, and cardiovascular risk factors (systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and C-reactive protein), the corresponding risk estimate was 0.48 (95% confidence interval 0.34 to 0.67, P for linearity <0.0001). Surprisingly, additional adjustment for serum apoA-I levels did not affect risk prediction of apoA-II for future CAD (odds ratio 0.49, 95% confidence interval 0.34 to 0.68, P for linearity <0.0001). Also, after adjustment for high-density lipoprotein particle number and size, apoA-II was still associated with the risk of future CAD (odds ratio 0.62, 95% confidence interval 0.43 to 0.90, P for linearity 0.02). Conclusions— ApoA-II is associated with a decreased risk of future CAD in apparently healthy people. These findings imply that apoA-II itself exerts effects on specific antiatherogenic pathways. On the basis of these findings, discussion of the potential proatherogenic effects of apoA-II can cease.
You Only Look on Lymphocytes Once

Understanding the role of immune cells is at the core of cancer research. In this paper, we boost the potential of the You Only Look Once (YOLO) architecture applied to automatic detection of lymphocytes in gigapixel histopathology wholeslide images (WSI) stained with immunohistochemistry by (1) tailoring the YOLO architecture to lymphocyte detection in WSI; (2) guiding training data sampling by exploiting prior knowledge on hard negative samples; (3) pairing the proposed sampling strategy with the focal loss technique. The combination of the proposed improvements increases the F1-score of YOLO by 3% with a speed-up of 4.3X.
Evidence of Oropharyngeal Dysfunction in Feeding in the Rat Rotenone Model of Parkinson's Disease

Swallowing disorders in Parkinson's disease are not responsive to dopamine depletion therapy and contribute to morbidity. They are poorly understood owing to a lack of adequate models. We present the first evidence of oropharyngeal changes in a rotenone toxicity model of Parkinson's disease. Rats were recorded while feeding before and after daily rotenone injections at two different doses (2.75 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg). The higher dose had a much more severe parkinsonian phenotype than the low dose. Timing and amplitude of chewing changed, as did the coordination of chewing and swallowing. Dose-dependent effects were evident. These preliminary results indicate that future research in toxicological models of Parkinson's disease should incorporate the study of oropharyngeal dysfunction. A better understanding of nongenetic models of Parkinson's disease in feeding may open new avenues for research into the neurological and behavioral bases for swallowing dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
An Approach of Domain Ontology Construction Based on Resource Model and Jena

Ontology is a hotspot of research in knowledge engineering. It is an effective means that building an ontology-based domain knowledge base to realize the sharing of domain knowledge. Manual building needs lots of repetitive work, which is inefficient and hard to migrate from one field to others. To solve the above problems, this paper presents an approach of domain ontology construction based on resource model and Jena. First, we use top-down strategy to build structure of the domain concepts, then discover the relations between concepts, instances and their properties, axioms and store them into documents as resource model. Second, the algorithm this paper presents is used to encode the ontology based on Jena. We had done the experiment in Yunnan tourism to prove the validity.
Stability of patch methylation and its impact in regions of transcriptional initiation and elongation

CpG DNA methylation has previously been correlated with the suppression of transcription. The mechanism of this suppression is not understood, and many aspects of the temporal and positional relationships between the region of methylation and transcription have not yet been defined. Here, 12-kb stable replicating episomes that can be maintained in human somatic cells for weeks to months were used. Such a system allows more direct manipulation and is free from the positional effects attendant with the analysis of endogenous loci or integrated transgenes. By using these circular minichromosomes, patches of CpG methylation were created to include or exclude the regions of transcriptional initiation and elongation. I found that a 0.5-kb patch of methylation that covered the promoter suppressed expression only 2-fold and that a 1.9-kb patch of methylation that covered the coding portion of the gene (but not the promoter) suppressed expression about 10-fold. In contrast, methylation of the entire minichromosome except for the promoter or the coding portion suppressed transcription about 50- to 200-fold. I infer the following. Methylation of the 0.5-kb promoter fragment does not significantly affect transcription at the level of transcription factor binding or local chromatin structure. The dominant effect on transcription occurs when the length of methylated DNA is long, with little disproportionate effect of methylation of specific regions, such as that of initiation or elongation. I also found that the boundaries between these methylated and unmethylated regions remained stable for the many weeks that I monitored them.
Five-Year Olds, but Not Chimpanzees, Attempt to Manage Their Reputations

Virtually all theories of the evolution of cooperation require that cooperators find ways to interact with one another selectively, to the exclusion of cheaters. This means that individuals must make reputational judgments about others as cooperators, based on either direct or indirect evidence. Humans, and possibly other species, add another component to the process: they know that they are being judged by others, and so they adjust their behavior in order to affect those judgments – so-called impression management. Here, we show for the first time that already preschool children engage in such behavior. In an experimental study, 5-year-old human children share more and steal less when they are being watched by a peer than when they are alone. In contrast, chimpanzees behave the same whether they are being watched by a groupmate or not. This species difference suggests that humans' concern for their own self-reputation, and their tendency to manage the impression they are making on others, may be unique to humans among primates.
Inferring patterns of internal migration from mobile phone call records: evidence from Rwanda

Understanding the causes and effects of internal migration is critical to the effective design and implementation of policies that promote human development. However, a major impediment to deepening this understanding is the lack of reliable data on the movement of individuals within a country. Government censuses and household surveys, from which most migration statistics are derived, are difficult to coordinate and costly to implement, and typically do not capture the patterns of temporary and circular migration that are prevalent in developing economies. In this paper, we describe how new information and communications technologies (ICTs), and mobile phones in particular, can provide a new source of data on internal migration. As these technologies quickly proliferate throughout the developing world, billions of individuals are now carrying devices from which it is possible to reconstruct detailed trajectories through time and space. Using Rwanda as a case study, we demonstrate how such data can be used in practice. We develop and formalize the concept of inferred mobility, and compute this and other metrics on a large data set containing the phone records of 1.5 million Rwandans over four years. Our empirical results corroborate the findings of a recent government survey that notes relatively low levels of permanent migration in Rwanda. However, our analysis reveals more subtle patterns that were not detected in the government survey. Namely, we observe high levels of temporary and circular migration, and note significant heterogeneity in mobility within the Rwandan population. Our goals in this research are thus twofold. First, we intend to provide a new quantitative perspective on certain patterns of internal migration in Rwanda that are unobservable using standard survey techniques. Second, we seek to contribute to the broader literature by illustrating how new forms of ICT can be used to better understand the behavior of individuals in developing countries.
Avian influenza infections in birds – a moving target

Avian influenza (AI) is a complex infection of birds, of which the ecology and epidemiology have undergone substantial changes over the last decade. Avian influenza viruses infecting poultry can be divided into two groups. The very virulent viruses cause highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), with flock mortality as high as 100%. These viruses have been restricted to subtypes H5 and H7, although not all H5 and H7 viruses cause HPAI. All other viruses cause a milder, primarily respiratory, disease (low pathogenic avian influenza, LPAI), unless exacerbated by other infections or environmental conditions. Until recently, HPAI viruses were rarely isolated from wild birds, but for LPAI viruses extremely high isolation rates have been recorded in surveillance studies, particularly in feral waterfowl. In recent years, there have been costly outbreaks of HPAI in poultry in Italy, the Netherlands and Canada and in each of these countries millions of birds were slaughtered to bring the outbreaks under control. However, these outbreaks tend to have been overshadowed by the H5N1 HPAI virus, initially isolated in China, that has now spread in poultry and/or wild birds throughout Asia and into Europe and Africa, resulting in the death or culling of hundreds of millions of poultry and posing a significant zoonosis threat. Since the 1990s, AI infections due to two subtypes, LPAI H9N2 and HPAI H5N1, have been widespread in poultry across large areas of the world, resulting in a modified eco‐epidemiology and a zoonotic potential. An extraordinary effort is required to manage these epidemics from both the human and animal health perspectives.