Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Modified Lasso Regression to Learn Large Undirected Graphs in a Probabilistic Framework

Learning the structures of large undirected graphs with thousands of nodes from data has been an open challenge. In this paper, we use graphical Gaussian model (GGM) as the underlying model and propose a novel ARD style Wishart prior for the precision matrix of the GGM. which encodes the graph structure we want to learn. With this prior, we can get the MAP estimation of the precision matrix by solving (a modified version of) Lasso regressions and achieve a sparse solution. We use our approach to learn genetic regulatory networks from genome-wide expression microarray data and protein-binding location analysis data. Evaluated on the basis of consistency with the GO annotations, the experiments show that our approach has a much better performance than the clustering-based approaches and BN learning approaches in discovering gene regulatory modules.
Lazy Associative Classification

Decision tree classifiers perform a greedy search for rules by heuristically selecting the most promising features. Such greedy (local) search may discard important rules. Associative classifiers, on the other hand, perform a global search for rules satisfying some quality constraints (i.e., minimum support). This global search, however, may generate a large number of rules. Further, many of these rules may be useless during classification, and worst, important rules may never be mined. Lazy (non-eager) associative classification overcomes this problem by focusing on the features of the given test instance, increasing the chance of generating more rules that are useful for classifying the test instance. In this paper we assess the performance of lazy associative classification. First we demonstrate that an associative classifier performs no worse than the corresponding decision tree classifier. Also we demonstrate that lazy classifiers outperform the corresponding eager ones. Our claims are empirically confirmed by an extensive set of experimental results. We show that our proposed lazy associative classifier is responsible for an error rate reduction of approximately 10% when compared against its eager counterpart, and for a reduction of 20% when compared against a decision tree classifier. A simple caching mechanism makes lazy associative classification fast, and thus improvements in the execution time are also observed.
DESIGN OF CONCRETE MIXTURES

THE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE MADE FROM SOUND, DURABLE MATERIALS DEPENDS UPON THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE SOLID PARTICLES ARE BONDED TOGETHER AND THE AMOUNT OF SOLID MATERIALS IN THE CONCRETE. THE BOND DEPENDS UPON THE PROPORTION OF CEMENT IN A GIVEN QUANTITY OF CONCRETE AND THE AMOUNT OF MIXING WATER. USING THESE BASIC PRINCIPLES SEVERAL METHODS FOR DESIGN ARE AVAILABLE. IN ANY CASE, THE MAINTENANCE OF A CONSTANT RATIO OF CEMENT TO MIXING WATER IS ESSENTIAL TO UNIFORMITY OF RESULTS. THE NEED FOR ACCURATE MEASUREMENT OF ALL MATERIALS IS EMPHASIZED AND ADEQUATE METHODS ARE DESCRIBED. AN EXAMPLE OF THE USE OF THE MORTAR-VOID METHOD OF DESIGNING TO MEET AN UNUSUAL CONDITION IS INCLUDED.
Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio as predictors of cardiovascular events: meta-regression analysis of prospective studies.

AIMS The objectives of this study were to determine the association of waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) with the risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and to determine whether the strength of association of WC and WHR with CVD risk is different. METHODS AND RESULTS This meta-regression analysis used a search strategy of keywords and MeSH terms to identify prospective cohort studies and randomized clinical trials of CVD risk and abdominal obesity from the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Fifteen articles (n = 258 114 participants, 4355 CVD events) reporting CVD risk by categorical and continuous measures of WC and WHR were included. For a 1 cm increase in WC, the relative risk (RR) of a CVD event increased by 2% (95% CI: 1-3%) overall after adjusting for age, cohort year, or treatment. For a 0.01 U increase in WHR, the RR increased by 5% (95% CI: 4-7%). These results were consistent in men and women. Overall risk estimates comparing the extreme quantiles of each measure suggested that WHR was more strongly associated with CVD than that for WC (WHR: RR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.55-2.44; WC: RR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.31-2.04), although this difference was not significant. The strength of association for each measure was similar in men and women. CONCLUSION WHR and WC are significantly associated with the risk of incident CVD events. These simple measures of abdominal obesity should be incorporated into CVD risk assessments.
Aerosol Optical Properties and Associated Direct Radiative Forcing over the Yangtze River Basin during 2001-2015

The spatiotemporal variation of aerosol optical depth at 550 nm (AOD550), Angstrom exponent at 470–660 nm (AE470–660), water vapor content (WVC), and shortwave (SW) instantaneous aerosol direct radiative effects (IADRE) at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) in clear skies obtained from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) are quantitatively analyzed over the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) in China during 2001–2015. The annual and seasonal frequency distributions of AE470–660 and AOD550 reveal the dominance of fine aerosol particles over YRB. The regional average AOD550 is 0.49 ± 0.31, with high value in spring (0.58 ± 0.35) and low value in winter (0.42 ± 0.29). The higher AOD550 (≥0.6) is observed in midstream and downstream regions of YRB and Sichuan Basin due to local anthropogenic emissions and long-distance transport of dust particles, while lower AOD550 (≤0.3) is in high mountains of upstream regions. The IADRE is estimated using a linear relationship between SW upward flux and coincident AOD550 from CERES and MODIS at the satellite passing time. The regional average IADRE is −35.60 ± 6.71 Wm−2, with high value (−40.71 ± 6.86 Wm−2) in summer and low value (−29.19 ± 7.04 Wm−2) in winter, suggesting a significant cooling effect at TOA. The IADRE at TOA is lower over Yangtze River Delta (YRD) (≤−30 Wm−2) and higher in midstream region of YRB, Sichuan Basin and the source area of YRB (≥−45 Wm−2). The correlation coefficient between the 15-year monthly IADRE and AOD550 values is 0.63, which confirms the consistent spatiotemporal variation patterns over most of the YRB. However, a good agreement between IADRE and AOD is not observed in YRD and the source area of YRB, which is probably due to the combined effects of aerosol and surface properties.
Main air pollutants and myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

CONTEXT Short-term exposure to high levels of air pollution may trigger myocardial infarction (MI), but this association remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To assess and quantify the association between short-term exposure to major air pollutants (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter ≤10 μm [PM(10)] and ≤2.5 μm [PM(2.5)] in diameter) on MI risk. DATA SOURCES EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE in-process and other nonindexed citations, and Ovid MEDLINE (between 1948 and November 28, 2011), and EBM Reviews-Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and EBM Reviews-Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (between 2005 and November 28, 2011) were searched for a combination of keywords related to the type of exposure (air pollution, ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM(10), and PM(2.5)) and to the type of outcome (MI, heart attack, acute coronary syndrome). STUDY SELECTION Two independent reviewers selected studies of any study design and in any language, using original data and investigating the association between short-term exposure (for up to 7 days) to 1 or more air pollutants and subsequent MI risk. Selection was performed from abstracts and titles and pursued by reviewing the full text of potentially eligible studies. DATA EXTRACTION Descriptive and quantitative information was extracted from each selected study. Using a random effects model, relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs were calculated for each increment of 10 μg/m(3) in pollutant concentration, with the exception of carbon monoxide, for which an increase of 1 mg/m(3) was considered. DATA SYNTHESIS After a detailed screening of 117 studies, 34 studies were identified. All the main air pollutants, with the exception of ozone, were significantly associated with an increase in MI risk (carbon monoxide: 1.048; 95% CI, 1.026-1.070; nitrogen dioxide: 1.011; 95% CI, 1.006-1.016; sulfur dioxide: 1.010; 95% CI, 1.003-1.017; PM(10): 1.006; 95% CI, 1.002-1.009; and PM(2.5): 1.025; 95% CI, 1.015-1.036). For ozone, the RR was 1.003 (95% CI, 0.997-1.010; P = .36). Subgroup analyses provided results comparable with those of the overall analyses. Population attributable fractions ranged between 0.6% and 4.5%, depending on the air pollutant. CONCLUSION All the main air pollutants, with the exception of ozone, were significantly associated with a near-term increase in MI risk.
A scalable Multi-Tier Task Assignment Policy with Minimum Excess Load

Existing task assignment policies designed to schedule highly variable computer workloads are not scalable and they generate large amount of wasted processing. This paper proposes a scalable Multi-Tier Task Assignment Policy with Minimum Excess Load (MTTMEL) that can efficiently schedule tasks with highly variable processing requirements. Unlike existing policies, the proposed policy does not assign all incoming tasks to the first host in the system, rather it assigns incoming tasks to a subset of hosts in the system. The proposed policy has multiple tiers that consist of one or more hosts. The proposed policy scales well and it significantly reduces the amount wasted processing (excess load). For example, the TAGS policy produces 460% more wasted processing compared to MTTMEL under certain workloads. MTTMEL outperforms existing policies under a wide range of workload conditions. It outperforms RANDOM by a factor of 23 and TAGS by a factor of 2.6 under certain scenarios.
Efficient Broadband Triplet–Triplet Annihilation‐Assisted Photon Upconversion at Subsolar Irradiance in Fully Organic Systems

The latest trend in solar cell technology is to develop photon managing processes that adapt the solar emission to the spectral range at which the devices show the largest intrinsic efficiency. Triplet–triplet annihilation‐assisted photon upconversion (sTTA‐UC) is currently the most promising process to blue‐shift sub‐bandgap photons at solar irradiance, even if the narrow absorption band of the employed chromophores limits its application. In this work, we demonstrate how to obtain broadband sTTA‐UC at sub‐solar irradiance, by enhancing the system's light‐harvesting ability by way of an ad‐hoc synthesized family of chromophores with complementary absorption properties. The overall absorptance is boosted, thus doubling the number of upconverted photons and significantly reducing the irradiance required to achieve the maximum upconversion yield. An outstanding yield of ≈10% is obtained under broadband air mass (AM) 1.5 conditions, which allows a DSSC device to operate by exploiting exclusively sub‐bandgap photons.
Mupirocin to prevent S. aureus infections.

Infections at surgical sites remain an important cause of illness and death and substantially increase health care costs.1 Prevention is thus important not only for the safety of patients, but also in terms of cost effectiveness. In this issue of the Journal, Perl and colleagues2 report the results of a randomized trial that sought to prevent surgical-site infections due to Staphylococcus aureus. S. aureus is the most frequent cause of surgical-site infections and is more virulent than other frequent causes, such as coagulase-negative staphylococci and enterococci. S. aureus therefore accounts for a large proportion of the morbidity and mortality .
Mortality associated with hepatitis C and hepatitis B virus infection: A nationwide study on multiple causes of death data

AIM To analyze mortality associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Italy. METHODS Death certificates mentioning either HBV or HCV infection were retrieved from the Italian National Cause of Death Register for the years 2011-2013. Mortality rates and proportional mortality (percentage of deaths with mention of HCV/HBV among all registered deaths) were computed by gender and age class. The geographical variability in HCV-related mortality rates was investigated by directly age-standardized rates (European standard population). Proportional mortality for HCV and HBV among subjects aged 20-59 years was assessed in the native population and in different immigrant groups. RESULTS HCV infection was mentioned in 1.6% (n = 27730) and HBV infection in 0.2% (n = 3838) of all deaths among subjects aged ≥ 20 years. Mortality rates associated with HCV infection increased exponentially with age in both genders, with a male to female ratio close to unity among the elderly; a further peak was observed in the 50-54 year age group especially among male subjects. HCV-related mortality rates were higher in Southern Italy among elderly people (45/100000 in subjects aged 60-79 and 125/100000 in subjects aged ≥ 80 years), and in North-Western Italy among middle-aged subjects (9/100000 in the 40-59 year age group). Proportional mortality was higher among Italian citizens and North African immigrants for HCV, and among Sub-Saharan African and Asian immigrants for HBV. CONCLUSION Population ageing, immigration, and new therapeutic approaches are shaping the epidemiology of virus-related chronic liver disease. In spite of limits due to the incomplete reporting and misclassification of the etiology of liver disease, mortality data represent an additional source of information for surveillance.
Clustering coefficient of wireless ad hoc networks and the quantity of hidden terminals

The clustering coefficient has been proposed to characterize complex networks. Hidden terminals may degrade the performance of the CSMA (carrier sense multiple access) protocol. This letter computes analytically the clustering coefficient and the quantity of hidden terminals for ad hoc networks. The former turns out to be a constant and the latter is proportional to n/sup 3/ p/sup 2/, where n is the number of nodes and p is the link probability. The connection between them has been established, and simulation results confirm our analytical work.
Increasing Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in Youth

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence of type 1 diabetes in children in Philadelphia from 2000–2004, compare the epidemiology to the previous three cohorts in the Philadelphia Pediatric Diabetes Registry, and, for the first time, describe the incidence of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Diabetes cases were obtained through a retrospective population-based registry. Hospital inpatient and outpatient records were reviewed for cases of type 1 and type 2 diabetes diagnosed from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2004. The secondary source of validation was the School District of Philadelphia. Time series analysis was used to evaluate the changing pattern of incidence over the 20-year period. RESULTS The overall age-adjusted incidence rate in 2000–2004 of 17.0 per 100,000 per year was significantly higher than that of previous cohorts, with an average yearly increase of 1.5% and an average 5-year cohort increase of 7.8% (P = 0.025). The incidence in white children (19.2 per 100,000 per year) was 48% higher than in the previous cohort. Children aged 0–4 years had a 70% higher incidence (12.2 per 100,000 per year) than the original cohort; this increase was most marked in young black children. The overall age-adjusted incidence of type 2 diabetes was 5.8 per 100,000 per year and was significantly higher in black children. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of type 1 diabetes is rising among children in Philadelphia. The incidence rate has increased by 29% since the 1985–1989 cohort. The most marked increases were among white children ages 10–14 years and black children ages 0–4 years. The incidence of type 1 diabetes is 18 times higher than that of type 2 in white children but only 1.6 times higher in black children.
Red cell survival and NO scavenging in sickle cell disease

Nitric oxide (NO), a ubiquitous and versatile signaling molecule, reacts readily with both oxyand deoxyhemoglobin. During the first decade of this century, multiple experimental and clinical studies along with a number of review articles were published based on the hypothesis that NO depletion by elevated levels of plasma hemoglobin in the microcirculation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of sickle cell disease (SCD) [1–5]. These papers concluded that those patients with a relatively increased degree of hemolysis are at higher risk of developing pulmonary hypertension, leg ulcers, priapism, and perhaps stroke. The vast bulk of the data supporting these claims was based on indirect assessments of hemolysis by means of reticulocyte counts and measurements of serum LDH and bilirubin. The paper by Quinn et al. [6] that appears in this issue of the American Journal of Hematology provides critically important new information on red cell survival measurements in sickle cell patients that pertain directly to the role of hemolysis in the clinical manifestations of this disease. State of the art methodology involving the oral administration of a bolus of stable N-glycine followed by highly precise measurements of the mole fraction of this isotope in heme within circulating red cells has enabled the construction of highly accurate red cell survival curves. In some patients, a bi-phasic pattern provides a clear depiction of the contribution of the subpopulation of RBC that has relatively prolonged survival owing to the presence of Hb F. Although only 11 SS patients were studied, the data are so robust that firm and highly relevant conclusions can be drawn. The authors found that RBC survival was inversely correlated with reticulocyte count (P< 0.01) but was not significantly correlated with serum LDH, AST, and either total or non-conjugated bilirubin. Moreover measurements of tricuspid jet regurgitant velocity, a surrogate marker of pulmonary hypertension, correlated directly with serum LDH but not with red cell survival. The level of plasma hemoglobin is clearly the index of hemolysis most relevant to the proposal that NO scavenging by hemoglobin is responsible for certain complications of SCD. Clinical symptoms directly attributable to NO scavenging have been convincingly documented in patients with high levels of plasma hemoglobin. For example, about two thirds of those with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) have esophageal spasm with tightness of the chest and difficulty swallowing, particularly early in the morning and during hemolytic episodes. This symptom is completely eliminated by eculizumab, which causes a reduction in plasma hemoglobin to near normal levels [7]. As in PNH, NO scavenging is responsible for disordered GI motility encountered in patients receiving intravenous solutions of hemoglobin-based blood substitutes [8]. These gastro-intestinal symptoms are not encountered in patients with SCD.
A Study on Electrical Resistivity of BaO–CaO–SiO2–Al2O3 Seal Glass Used in Solid Oxide Electrolytic Cell (SOEC)

The electrical resistivty (R) of BaO–CaO–SiO2–Al2O3 (BCSA) based glass, which was used in SOEC, was measured by impedance analyzer from room temperature to sealing temperature, and it was founded that electrical resistivity of all seal glass decreases with temperature. When temperature is lower than the soften temperature of glass, the electrical resistivity of all seal glass was no less than 107Ω∙cm. At 850°C, the resistivity of the 16BaO–16CaO–42SiO2–8Al2O3 glass (G1) reached 4.40×106Ω∙cm, and even at the sealing temperature, their resistivity was still above 105-106Ω∙cm. With the decrease of ratio of Si/B from 3 to 1, the electrical resistivity of glass decreased from 4.40×106Ω∙cm to 8.96×104Ω∙cm. The electrical resistivity of glass in BCSA system could be significantly affected by B2O3 and alkaline earth oxides. The results show that the electrical resistivity of glass was improved with the increasing of non-bridging oxygen and the average field strength. All glasses can be used as sealants at high temperature with no electrical shunting in SOEC.
The Stomatogastric Nervous System as a Model for Studying Sensorimotor Interactions in Real-Time Closed-Loop Conditions

The perception of proprioceptive signals that report the internal state of the body is one of the essential tasks of the nervous system and helps to continuously adapt body movements to changing circumstances. Despite the impact of proprioceptive feedback on motor activity it has rarely been studied in conditions in which motor output and sensory activity interact as they do in behaving animals, i.e., in closed-loop conditions. The interaction of motor and sensory activities, however, can create emergent properties that may govern the functional characteristics of the system. We here demonstrate a method to use a well-characterized model system for central pattern generation, the stomatogastric nervous system, for studying these properties in vitro. We created a real-time computer model of a single-cell muscle tendon organ in the gastric mill of the crab foregut that uses intracellular current injections to control the activity of the biological proprioceptor. The resulting motor output of a gastric mill motor neuron is then recorded intracellularly and fed into a simple muscle model consisting of a series of low-pass filters. The muscle output is used to activate a one-dimensional Hodgkin-Huxley type model of the muscle tendon organ in real-time, allowing closed-loop conditions. Model properties were either hand tuned to achieve the best match with data from semi-intact muscle preparations, or an exhaustive search was performed to determine the best set of parameters. We report the real-time capabilities of our models, its performance and its interaction with the biological motor system.
Association of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With Decreased Immunosuppressive Potential of the IgG Glycome

Glycans attached to the Fc portion of IgG are important modulators of IgG effector functions. Interindividual differences in IgG glycome composition are large and they associate strongly with different inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. IKZF1, HLA–DQ2A/B, and BACH2 genetic loci that affect IgG glycome composition show pleiotropy with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), indicating a potentially causative role of aberrant IgG glycosylation in SLE. We undertook this large multicenter case–control study to determine whether SLE is associated with altered IgG glycosylation.
Inflammatory cytokines, vascular function, and hypertension.

there is growing interest in the potential role of inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, heart failure, and hypertension ([7][1], [14][2]–[16][3]). Although the role of cytokines in atherosclerosis is well established, the importance of
Run II jet physics

Gerald C. Blazey, Jay R. Dittmann, Stephen D. Ellis, V. Daniel Elvira, K. Frame, S. Grinstein, Robert Hirosky , R. Piegaia, H. Schellman, R. Snihur, V. Sorin, Dieter Zeppenfeld Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA Fermilab, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA Department of Physics, University of Washington, Box 351560, Seattle, WA 98195-1560, USA Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA Depto. de Fisica, FCEyN-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pab I, Ciudad Universitaria, (1428) Capital Federal, Argentina