Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the High Affinity Cell-binding Domain in the Cell Surface Proteoglycan Syndecan-4*

The syndecan family of cell surface proteoglycans regulates cell adhesion via their glycosaminoglycan chains and discrete domains of their core proteins. Core protein domains that are variable between syndecan family members may regulate syndecan-specific associations, thereby endowing individual syndecans with unique functions. A syndecan-4-specific domain has been identified in the extracellular syndecan-4 protein. This region mediates cell adhesion when provided as an artificial substratum and is localized within amino acids 56–109 of the recombinant extracellular protein domain of mouse syndecan-4 (mS4ED) (McFall, A. J., and Rapraeger, A. C. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 12901–12904). To characterize its interaction with the cell surface, radiolabeled ligand binding studies were performed. A single high affinity interaction, with a dissociation constant of 2 × 10−9 m, was observed between mS4ED and both human and mouse cells. Both chicken S4ED and mS4ED compete for this interaction, although they are only 34% identical within the cell-binding domain sequence. The extracellular protein domains of syndecan-1, -2, and -3, however, fail to compete. The interaction is also observed with native syndecan-4 shed from cell surfaces. Interestingly, the extracellular protein domain of syndecan-1 also mediates cell adhesion, suggesting a similar but discrete interaction for this family member.
Learning and World War II Production Functions

DURING World War II, shipbuilding output per man-hour evidenced a remarkable improvement. Between December 1941 and December 1944, man-hours required to produce a Liberty vessel, an emergency type developed for mass production, fell from an index value of 100 (December 1941 100) to 45, an increase in output per man-hour of 122 per cent, or an average annual increase of about 40 per cent. ' Compared to the long-run improvement in man-hour productivity elsewhere in the United States economy the shipbuilding experience is impressive. Over the period 1909 to 1961, annual growth in output per man-hour, averaged over the entire economy, was 2.4 per cent.2 Even during a subperiod of rapid improvement, 1919-1929, and in a sector where improvement was most conspicuous, manufacturing, the average annual rate was only 5.6 per cent. In light of these figures, an explanation of the World War II shipbuilding productivity experience would be desirable, not only for its own sake but because it would shed light on secular forces constantly operating in the United States economy. An explanation is provided in this note with particular emphasis placed on the role of organizational and individual learning resulting from accumulated production experience.3 The extreme and unusual shipbuilding conditions that prevailed during World War II were conducive to extensive learning. New products were adopted, mass production techniques were introduced, labor inexperienced at shipbuilding was recruited, and the direction of production was placed in the hands of eminently successful managers who were, however, inexperienced at shipbuilding. This combination of unique events represents an extreme instance, which will facilitate the isolation of learning or adaptation effects from other effects, if learning is quantitatively important.
Development of China's Outbound Tourism and the Characteristics of Its Tourist Flow

Reviewing the development of China's outbound tourism, this article analyzes the characteristics of China's tourism flow according to the official statistics and highlights the demand characteristics and consumption preferences of Chinese outbound travelers and the factors influencing China's outbound tourism. 本文以官方统计数据为依据，通过对中国旅游流的分析，审视中国出境旅游的发展，并指出中国出境游客的需求特征、消费偏好及影响中国出境旅游的因素。
The New Louvre in Lens: A Regionally Embedded National Project

Abstract The creation of a second Musée du Louvre in Lens, a declining manufacturing city, clearly refers to the prototypical case of the Guggenheim Bilbao. However, this paper shows that the motivation and origin of the Louvre-Lens museum are very different, since it was decided by the central state and primarily funded by the regional authorities with a shared belief in the necessity of bringing art to the working class in a city lacking cultural facilities. This shortcoming made the project highly risky, and its successful implementation can only be explained from a theoretical perspective by various kinds of regional embeddedness. Finally, regarding the impact, even though this project was not directly inspired by the example of Guggenheim Bilbao, a positive effect is hoped for, and the paper aims to assess the possibility of producing the Bilbao effect.
Transparency in local government: antipodean initiatives

Over the last decade, significant accounting reforms have been considered by a wide range of state and local governments throughout the world. Few countries have undertaken such extensive reform of their public sector, or of their public sector accounting practices as an integral part of those reforms, as New Zealand. While the central government accounting reforms are more well known, the reforms at local government have been equally dramatic, the most recent being the introduction in 1998 of a long-term financial planning regime under the Local Government Amendment (No. 3) Act 1996. This paper examines the factors leading up to the legislation, describes the requirements of the new regime, identifies the accounting and related issues which have arisen and concludes with some lessons which other countries may wish to consider in their own quest for transparency and accountability.
The Organizational Structure of Insurance Companies: The Role of Heterogeneous Risks and Guaranty Funds

We examine a market with observably heterogeneous risks and a government sponsored guaranty fund and consider whether it is optimal to form a single insurer or separate insurers for each consumer type. Given the economic environment, pooling never dominates the formation of separate insurance companies. This result provides an incentive for the phenomenon of insurance fleets.
Anatomy of the posterior cruciate ligament

PCL injuries are major injuries of the knee. Most of the literature on PCL injury has focused on mechanism of injury, diagnosis, and treatment. We are presenting a review of the anatomy of the PCL. Different portions of the PCL are taut at different degrees of knee flexion and extension. The PCL, thus, along with the ACL, contributes to the "screwhome mechanism" of the knee. The anatomy of the meniscofemoral ligaments (ligaments of Wrisberg and Humphrey) reveals the inti mate relationship among the PCL, the popliteus muscle, and the lateral meniscus. Understanding the anatomy of the PCL is important in the diagnosis and treatment of ligamentous injuries and also in total knee arthro plasty.
Comparison of Selected Experimental MMPI Profiles of Sexual Deviates and Sociopaths without Sexual Deviation

There is a scarcity of published findings regarding personality traits differentiating sexual deviates from sociopaths without sexual deviation. Therefore, comparison of a group of sexual deviates and a group of sociopaths without sexual deviation on 11 MMPI scales ( 7 ) most sensicive to differences was undertaken. Of 36 state mental hospital patients, 18 had been diagnosed as sociopathic personality associated with sexual deviation and 18 as sociopathic personality associated with antisocial reaction or alcoholism. All Ss were administered the MMPI and all scored above 70 T score on the Psychopathic Deviate Scale. The following experimental scales were employed as a basis of comparison: sexual deviation ( 8 ) , amorality ( 6 ) , social alienation ( 5 ) , impulsivity (4), hostility ( Z ) , personal and emotional sen~itivity,~ ego-strength ( 1) , control (3) , responsibility ( 4 ) , manifest anxiety ( l o ) , emotional immaturity (9 ) . Multiple t for related scores tests yielded no significant values.
Impact of heart disease and calibration interval on accuracy of pulse transit time–based blood pressure estimation

Continuous blood pressure (BP) measurement without a cuff is advantageous for the early detection and prevention of hypertension. The pulse transit time (PTT) method has proven to be promising for continuous cuffless BP measurement. However, the problem of accuracy is one of the most challenging aspects before the large-scale clinical application of this method. Since PTT-based BP estimation relies primarily on the relationship between PTT and BP under certain assumptions, estimation accuracy will be affected by cardiovascular disorders that impair this relationship and by the calibration frequency, which may violate these assumptions. This study sought to examine the impact of heart disease and the calibration interval on the accuracy of PTT-based BP estimation. The accuracy of a PTT-BP algorithm was investigated in 37 healthy subjects and 48 patients with heart disease at different calibration intervals, namely 15 min, 2 weeks, and 1 month after initial calibration. The results showed that the overall accuracy of systolic BP estimation was significantly lower in subjects with heart disease than in healthy subjects, but diastolic BP estimation was more accurate in patients than in healthy subjects. The accuracy of systolic and diastolic BP estimation becomes less reliable with longer calibration intervals. These findings demonstrate that both heart disease and the calibration interval can influence the accuracy of PTT-based BP estimation and should be taken into consideration to improve estimation accuracy.
Impact of Competing Accountability Requirements on Perceived Work Performance

A number of qualitative studies have found that failure to accomplish missions can be attributed to competing accountability requirements. This article presents empirical evidence concerning the impact of competing accountability requirements on employees’ perceived work performance. Specifically, this article has two objectives: (a) to identify different types of accountability requirements with quantitative data and (b) to determine to what extent the competing pressures of accountability affect individual employees’ perceived work performance. The authors find that accountability is indeed a complex and multidimensional construct— compliance, professional, and political accountability—that imposes competing pressures on employees’ perceptions of their work performance, which can reduce the probability of actual mission accomplishment in an agency.
The effect of suture technique on adhesion formation after flexor tendon repair for partial lacerations in a canine model.

BACKGROUND Adhesion formation is a serious problem after flexor tendon repair. Many repair techniques have been developed to increase the suture strength after tendon repair surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess adhesion formation with different suture techniques in an in vivo canine model. METHODS Sixty flexor digitorum profundus tendons were partially lacerated (80%) and repaired with either a modified Kessler (MK) or Becker (MGH) suture technique and supplemented with a simple running suture. The dogs were sacrificed at 1 week, 3 weeks, or 6 weeks after surgery and the repaired tendons were evaluated for adhesion breaking strength. RESULTS At 1 week there was no significant difference between the two repair groups (p > 0.05). At 3 and 6 weeks, the adhesion breaking strength in the MK suture group was significantly less than that of the MGH suture group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION High friction suture techniques may cause more adhesion formation than the lower friction suture techniques under passive postoperative therapy.
What's the return on your security investment?

What's the return on your company's investment in security? Few companies provide an adequate picture of value for security and compliance— because they simply don't know how to measure or present it. It's time for companies to discover their return on security investment (ROSI), argues the author. Otherwise, security solutions will be only expensive bandages and not cost-effective remedies. The author explains how to measure and apply ROSI in your company. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma.

OBJECTIVE To describe Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). DESIGN A review of AIDS-related KS (AIDS-KS), with its associated epidemiologic and etiologic characteristics, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, histopathologic features, prognosis, and treatment, is presented. RESULTS KS is the most frequent malignant lesion in patients with AIDS. The incidence of AIDS-KS is high in homosexual and bisexual men who have multiple sexual partners and in children and women with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Anal-oral contact is one of the main routes of the sexually transmitted agents of AIDS-KS. The major pathogenic factors that may possibly induce AIDS-KS are HIV itself or other sexually transmitted agents, HIV tat gene, some oncogenes and cytokines such as interleukin 6, basic fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, oncostatin M, and platelet-derived growth factor. Treatment includes local therapy, radiotherapy, systemic chemotherapy, zidovudine, interferon, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and other agents. CONCLUSION KS may be an early manifestation of AIDS and the most frequent neoplastic complication of AIDS. Growth factors, cytokines, immunosuppression, and interaction with infectious agents seem to have a role in the development of this enigmatic disorder. Treatment of KS should be individualized. Further investigation of the agents and factors of AIDS-KS may help facilitate the treatment and prevention of this neoplasm.
The Stock Market and the Commodity Futures Market: Diversification and Arbitrage Potential

Historical relationships between the stock market and the commodity futures market, as proxied by the S&P 500 and the Commodity Futures Index, suggest that the S&P may have slightly outperformed the CFI over the 1978-81 period. In earlier years, however, the CFI clearly outperformed the S&P. Relative performances of the stock and commodities futures markets appear to be sensitive to investment horizon. Regression analysis indicates virtually no relationship between the rates of return of the two series. Risk and return, however, increase with horizon, whereas skewness and kurtosis are generally negatively related to horizon. Investors should be aware of these factors when selecting investment horizons. Investigation of the lead-lag relation between the two series confirms their independence. The S&P led the CFI by one day in 1969 and in 1972, while the two were instantaneously related in 1970. Data for 1973 through 1981 show complete independence, regardless of evaluation technique. These results suggest that commodity futures contracts may be used in conjunction with an equity portfolio to help reduce risks and enhance portfolio returns. Opportunities for profitable arbitrage between the two indexes are not likely, however.
Land grabs, land control, and Southeast Asian crop booms

This paper argues that research into the dynamics of land control in the contemporary ‘land grab’ can benefit from engagement with the literature on booms in the production of crops like cocoa, coffee, fast-growing trees, oil palm, rubber and shrimp in Southeast Asia. This literature can help answer three key questions: who seeks to exercise control over land for the purpose of growing export-oriented crops under boom conditions; how would-be producers bring tobear regulatory power, market power, force, and legitimation to gain control over land; and how booms differentially affect areas with secure and insecure land control relations.
Capital humano e ingresos en la manufactura de Tijuana y Mexicali, 1994-2001

This work study the income of the Tijuana and Mexicali industrial manu- facturing worker as a function of the schooling level and work experience through a human capital econometric model. Information from the National Survey of Urban Employment (ENEU), was used in a representative data base with a sample of 184 observations for Tijuana between 1994 and 2001 (8 years and 23 industrial branches) and 112 observations for Mexicali between 1998 and 2001 (4 years and 28 industrial branches). Schooling was most important than work experience in the income deter- mination of the Tijuana and Mexicali industrial workers. This means that in the local labor market, the educational level is a key factor in the wage negotiation.
Exploring a local council's change to an outcome measurement regime

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the experience of a New Zealand (NZ) local council in changing from output‐based to outcome‐oriented performance measures, thereby, seeking to enhance understanding of how institutional pressures affect managers in a local government body.Design/methodology/approach – By means of semi‐structured interviews with four managers and a councillor at a major city council in NZ, the authors elicit a better understanding of the process of changing to outcome‐oriented performance measures. The six‐stage model of institutional change proposed by Greenwood et al. provides a useful analytical lens. The authors report the thoughts and attitudes of interviewees regarding the effects of the change on the council's performance management, and particularly on its process of Long‐Term Council Community Planning.Findings – Institutionalisation of the new outcome‐oriented performance measurement system was neither complete nor automatic. Conformity with it was harder where ou.
The International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification (the Shimada system)

The International Neuroblastoma Pathology Committee, which is comprised of six member pathologists, was convened with the objective of proposing a prognostically significant and biologically relevant classification based on morphologic features of neuroblastic tumors (NTs) (i.e., neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma).
The Relationships Among Sleep Quality and Chronotype, Emotional Disturbance, and Insomnia Vulnerability in Shift Nurses

Background:Shift work is a prominent feature of most nursing jobs. Although chronotype, emotional disturbance, and insomnia vulnerability are important factors for patients with insomnia in general, their effects on shift nurses are unknown. Purpose:This study explores the relationships between the sleep quality of shift nurses and the variables of chronotype, emotional disturbance, and insomnia vulnerability. Methods:A survey was conducted with 398 shift nurses in a medical center. Chronotype, emotional disturbance, insomnia vulnerability, and sleep quality were evaluated using the Smith Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire, the Brief Symptom Rating Scale, the Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively. Results:On the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, 70.1% of the participants scored higher than 5. Multiple regression analysis revealed that, together with night shift work (b [SE] = 1.05 [0.35], p = .003), higher levels of emotional disturbance (b [SE] = 0.30 [0.05], p < .001) and higher insomnia vulnerability (b [SE] = 0.18 [0.03], p < .001) were predictors of poor sleep quality and that chronotype was not a predictor of poor sleep quality. The multiple mediator model indicated that emotional disturbance significantly mediated an indirect effect of evening chronotype preference on poor subjective sleep quality (one subscale of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). Conclusions/Implications for Practice:In addition to shift patterns, emotional disturbance and high insomnia vulnerability are factors that may be used to identify shift nurses who face a higher risk of sleep disturbance. Because evening chronotype may indirectly influence subjective sleep quality through the pathway of emotional disturbance, further research into the mechanism that underlies this pathway is warranted.
Female participation in TMT and firm performance: evidence from Chinese private enterprises

Purpose - This paper proposes an examination of the relationship between female participation in top management teams and firm performance in the emerging Chinese private economy. It aims to examine the direct link between female participation in top management teams and firm performance. This is examined in the context of human capital and social capital associated with female top executives to investigate the origins and the contingencies of the linkage. Design/methodology/approach - Drawing on resource dependence theory, the study develops and tests a set of hypotheses regarding the key relationships, using the data of listed private-owned companies in China's security exchanges in 2008, with critical information on financial performance, corporate governance structure and the top management team composition of the companies. Regression analyses are conducted to test the direct relationship and the moderating effects. Findings - The empirical analysis supports a positive relationship between the degree of female participation and firm performance in Chinese privately owned companies. The positive relationship is further strengthened by female top executives' human capital and social capital, consistent with the hypotheses. Research limitations/implications - The present study gains consistent results with research conducted in the Western context, suggesting that the top management behavior of Chinese private enterprises is similar to that of their Western counterparts, possibly due to the fact that they are less influenced by direct governmental control and are more profit-driven than state-owned companies. Practical implications - The results of the study suggest that Chinese private companies can gain competitive advantages through identifying, attracting, and developing female managerial talents. And the female executives in the new era should be ones with systematic education and strong social connections. Both factors facilitate female executives to contribute better to their companies' performance. Originality/value - The contribution of the present study is twofold. First, drawing on extant literature in the Western business context, the present study is the first to examine how female participation in top management influences firm performance in the context of the Chinese private sector, which contributes to the understanding of and offers insights to Chinese managerial practices. Second, the study enriches the extant literature by examining the moderating effects of female executives' human and social capitals.
Tutorial: How Does Your HMI Design Affect the Visual Attention of the Driver

The consideration of driver's visual attention for Human Machine Interface (HMI) design is critical to ensure fast reaction times in unexpected situations and to promote situation awareness in hand-over situations. The effect of an HMI to the attention distribution of the driver can be measured by performing eye-tracking studies in a driving simulator. Performing eye-tracking studies requires functional HMI prototypes but give no insights on the underlying mechanisms for the measured behavior. In the tutorial we introduce a tool-driven and model-based approach to visual attention prediction, which can be performed already based on early HMI mockup ideas and with less effort compared to eye-tracking studies. The tutorial starts with an introduction to the theories of model-based visual attention prediction. Thereafter, participants are invited to either predict the visual attention for their own HMI design ideas or conduct an evaluation of an exemplary use case with the software tools that the participants can install on their computers or use in our lab.