Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Cervical Spine Injury during Heating Season in the Patients with Cervical Trauma: A Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology of cervical spine injury in the patients with cervical trauma and analyze its associated risk factors during the special heating season in North China. Methods This cross-sectional study investigated predictors for cervical spine injury in cervical trauma patients using retrospectively collected data of Hebei Provincial Orthopaedic Hospital from 11/2011 to 02/2012, and 11/2012 to 02/2013. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors for cervical fractures/dislocations or cord injury. Results A total of 106 patients were admitted into this study. Of all, 34 patients (32.1%) were treated from 11/2011 to 02/2012 and 72 patients (67.9%) from 11/2012 to 02/2013. The mean age was 41.9±13.3 years old; 85 patients (80.2%) were male and 82 (77.4%) from rural areas. Eighty patients (75.5%) were caused by fall including 45 (42.5%) by severe fall (>2 m). Sixty-five patients (61.3%) of all suffered injuries to other body regions and 32 (30.2%) got head injury. Thirty-one patients (29.2%) sustained cervical cord injury with cervical fractures/dislocations. Twenty-six (83.9%) of cervical cord injury patients were from rural areas and 24 (77.4%) of those resulted from fall including 15 (48.4%) from severe fall (>2 m). Logistic regression displayed that age (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.05–2.07), head injury (OR, 5.63; 95% CI, 2.23–14.26), were risk factors for cervical cord injury and snowing (OR, 8.25; 95% CI, 2.26–30.15) was a risk factor for cervical spine injury due to severe fall (>2 m). Conclusions The elder male patients and patients with head trauma are high-risk population for cervical cord injury. As a seasonal factor, snowing during heating season is of note a risk factor for cervical spine injury resulting from severe fall (>2 m) in the patients with cervical trauma in North China.
European Stroke Organisation (ESO) Guidelines for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounted for 9% to 27% of all strokes worldwide in the last decade, with high early case fatality and poor functional outcome. In view of recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the management of ICH, the European Stroke Organisation (ESO) has updated its evidence-based guidelines for the management of ICH. Method A multidisciplinary writing committee of 24 researchers from 11 European countries identified 20 questions relating to ICH management and created recommendations based on the evidence in RCTs using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results We found moderate- to high-quality evidence to support strong recommendations for managing patients with acute ICH on an acute stroke unit, avoiding hemostatic therapy for acute ICH not associated with antithrombotic drug use, avoiding graduated compression stockings, using intermittent pneumatic compression in immobile patients, and using blood pressure lowering for secondary prevention. We found moderate-quality evidence to support weak recommendations for intensive lowering of systolic blood pressure to <140 mmHg within six-hours of ICH onset, early surgery for patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale score 9–12, and avoidance of corticosteroids. Conclusion These guidelines inform the management of ICH based on evidence for the effects of treatments in RCTs. Outcome after ICH remains poor, prioritizing further RCTs of interventions to improve outcome.
Cyber Bullying: Bullying in the Digital Age

Psychologists explore the reality of cyberbulliesMillions of children are affected by bullies each year. Advances in social media, email, instant messaging, and cell phones, however, have moved bullying from a schoolyard fear to a constant threat. The second edition of Cyberbullying offers the most current information on this constantly-evolving issue and outlines the unique concerns and challenges it raises for children, parents, and educators. Authored by psychologists who are internationally recognized as experts in this field, the text uses the latest research in this area to provide an updated, reliable text ideal for parents and educators concerned about the cyberbullying phenomenon.
A longitudinal study of naturally acquired cellular and humoral immune responses to a merozoite surface protein (MSP1) of Plasmodium falciparum in an area of seasonal malaria transmission

A longitudinal study of cellular and serological responses to the major merozoite surface protein of Plasmodium falciparum (PfMSP1) has been conducted in a malaria immune population living in The Gambia, where malaria transmission is seasonally endemic. Recombinant or native proteins representing the sequence of PfMSP1 from the Wellcome strain of P. falciparum were used in in vitro lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine and antibody assays. Cellular responses of individual donors fluctuated over time, independent of seasonal changes in malaria transmission whereas anti‐PfMSP1 antibody levels were remarkably stable. At a population level, IFNγ responses were both more prevalent and of greater magnitude at the end of the rainy (malaria transmission) season than during the dry season. Responses of individuals lving in a rural village were compared with those of individuals living in an urban area with much lower levels of malaria transmission. Malaria infections were more likely to be symptomatic in urban dwellers than in inhabitants of rural villages but no significant differences in the level or prevalence of cellular or serological responses were seen between the two groups. However, urban dwellers with current symptomatic malaria infections had somewhat lower anti‐PfMSP1 antibody levels than their healthy, non‐parasitaemic neighbours.
A simple piston problem in one dimension ( accepted by Nonlinearity ∗ )

We study a heavy piston that separates finitely many ideal gas particles moving inside a one-dimensional gas chamber. Using averaging techniques, we prove precise rates of convergence of the actual motions of the piston to its averaged behavior. The convergence is uniform over all initial conditions in a compact set. The results extend earlier work by Sinai and Neishtadt, who determined that the averaged behavior is periodic oscillation. In addition, we investigate the piston system when the particle interactions have been smoothed. The convergence to the averaged behavior again takes place uniformly, both over initial conditions and over the amount of smoothing.
Restoration of Volitional Limb Movement of Hemiplegics following Patterned Functional Electrical Stimulation

24 hemiplegic patients completed patterned functional electrical stimulation (PFES) upon the afflicted arm and leg. The multichannel PFES program was mathematically derived from the EMG agonist/antagonist pattern recorded from each subject's unaffected limbs during a series of monitored, voluntary movements. The average improvement in volitional range of motion for the group's paralyzed limbs was 90% for the upper extremities and 69% for the lower extremities. For partially paralyzed limbs, there was an average increase in range of movement of 68% for the upper extremities and 26% for the lower extremities. These findings support the relearning-based, PFES open-loop theory which uses individualized therapeutic PFES-derived from EMG coordination patterns modeled from specific, ballistic limb movements to rehabilitate patients who have been immobilized after stroke.
Opinion mining and fuzzy quantification in hotel reviews

In this study, fuzzy quantification sentences are used to create short summaries from hotel reviews. Also, opinion mining is used to extract opinion expressions from reviews. Fuzzy quantified sentences offer a brief information about the hotel attributes from customers feedback. These sentences are generated considering one type of fuzzy sets (triangular) using 3 types of quantifiers (“most”, “about half” or “a few”). The degree of truth of generated summaries is calculated according to occurrence of attributes and opinions. Opinion mining extracts positive, negative and neutral emoticons from reviews. The extracted opinions and short fuzzy quantified sentences have the characteristics of presenting novel ideas for hotel recommendation.
Association of the predominant symptom with clinical characteristics and pathophysiological mechanisms in functional dyspepsia.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Functional dyspepsia (FD) is considered a heterogeneous disorder with different pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the symptom pattern. The Rome II committee proposed that subdividing patients with FD into groups with predominant pain versus discomfort might identify subgroups with homogeneous pathophysiological and clinical properties. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of predominant pain or discomfort with pathophysiological mechanisms and to evaluate whether considering individual predominant symptoms yields better results. METHODS Consecutive FD patients (n = 720; 489 women; mean age, 41.3 +/- 0.6 years) filled out a dyspepsia questionnaire and identified a single most bothersome symptom. We analyzed the association of this predominant symptom with demographic, clinical, and pathophysiological features (Helicobacter pylori status, gastric emptying in 592 patients, and gastric sensitivity and accommodation testing in 332 patients). RESULTS According to Rome II criteria, 22% were pain predominant and 78% discomfort predominant. Patients with predominant pain had a higher prevalence of hypersensitivity (44% vs 25%) and delayed gastric emptying was observed less frequently in these patients (16% vs 26%), but there was major overlap. Detailed analysis showed that any of 8 dyspeptic symptoms could be predominant. Predominant early satiety or vomiting was associated with significantly higher prevalences of weight loss (89% and 75%, respectively) and of acute onset (61% and 60%, respectively). Impaired accommodation was found in 79% of patients with predominant early satiety. The highest prevalence of delayed emptying was found in predominant fullness (38%) and of hypersensitivity in predominant pain (44%). CONCLUSIONS Subdividing FD patient groups according to the predominant symptom does not reliably identify subgroups with a homogeneous underlying pathophysiological mechanism.
Role of Leaflet Asymmetry in the Permeability of Model Biological Membranes to Protons, Solutes, and Gases

Bilayer asymmetry in the apical membrane may be important to the barrier function exhibited by epithelia in the stomach, kidney, and bladder. Previously, we showed that reduced fluidity of a single bilayer leaflet reduced water permeability of the bilayer, and in this study we examine the effect of bilayer asymmetry on permeation of nonelectrolytes, gases, and protons. Bilayer asymmetry was induced in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes by rigidifying the outer leaflet with the rare earth metal, praseodymium (Pr3+). Rigidification was demonstrated by fluorescence anisotropy over a range of temperatures from 24 to 50°C. Pr3+-treatment reduced membrane fluidity at temperatures above 40°C (the phase-transition temperature). Increased fluidity exhibited by dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes at 40°C occurred at temperatures 1–3°C higher in Pr3+-treated liposomes, and for both control and Pr3+-treated liposomes permeability coefficients were approximately two orders of magnitude higher at 48° than at 24°C. Reduced fluidity of one leaflet correlated with significantly reduced permeabilities to urea, glycerol, formamide, acetamide, and NH3. Proton permeability of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes was only fourfold higher at 48° than at 24°C, indicating a weak dependence on membrane fluidity, and this increase was abolished by Pr3+. CO2 permeability was unaffected by temperature. We conclude: (a) that decreasing membrane fluidity in a single leaflet is sufficient to reduce overall membrane permeability to solutes and NH3, suggesting that leaflets in a bilayer offer independent resistances to permeation, (b) bilayer asymmetry is a mechanism by which barrier epithelia can reduce permeability, and (c) CO2 permeation through membranes occurs by a mechanism that is not dependent on fluidity.
Schizophrenia in Greenland: a follow‐up study

A total of 289 Greenlanders admitted for the first time to a mental hospital from 1980 to 1983, were followed for 7 years. Thirty‐seven patients, 24 men and 13 women, were diagnosed with schizophrenia at least once during the follow‐up period. The annual first admission rate per 100,000 was 41 for men and 23 for women. The schizophrenics were compared with a group of non‐schizophrenics at the same age admitted in the same period. The main results were young age at first admittance, high male‐female ratio and poor clinical and social outcome. The results were compared with WHO's cross‐cultural studies. Young age and a high male‐female ratio are in accordance with the developing countries, whereas poor outcome is in accordance with the industrialized countries.
SUITE 2009: First international workshop on search-driven development - users, infrastructure, tools and evaluation

SUITE is a new workshop series that specifically focuses on exploring the notion of search as a fundamental activity during software development. The goal of the workshop is to bring researchers and practitioners with special interest on search technology for software developers together. Participants will have broad range of expertise in topics ranging from building software tools and infrastructure, Information Retrieval, user studies and Human-computer interaction, benchmarking and evaluation. The first edition of SUITE is held in conjunction with the 31st International Conference in Software Engineering (May 16–24, 2009. Vancouver, Canada).
Security in large-scale open distributed multi-agent systems

Designing large-scale distributed multi-agent systems that operate in open environments, such as the Internet, creates new challenges, especially with respect to security issues. Agents are autonomous, pro-active, communicative, goal-directed, often capable of learning, and sometimes mobile [8]. Mobile agents traverse the network to access services and resources they need to achieve the goals they pursue. The potential of mobile agent technology in sectors such as E-Commerce [17, 18], E-Health [29] and E-Governance [10, 52] is well recognized. In these sectors, security issues such as authentication, authorization, privacy, and copyright are of utmost importance. Data access control is mandatory: by moving agents to the location at which data is stored, data access and processing can be done locally and controlled. Many security requirements need to be addressed for large-scale distributed multiagent systems in open environments. The focus of this chapter lies on security requirements specific for agent systems rather than security requirements for distributed computers systems in general. Section 2 identifies the most relevant security requirements for agent systems. This set of requirements is a minimum that needs to be fulfilled for secure agent systems in open environments. Sections 3 through 7 discuss the security requirements and possible solutions in detail. The solutions are illustrated within the context of the AgentScape [20] agent platform. This platform has been chosen as it has been specially designed to be used in a large-scale, distributed, open environment. However, similar implementations of these solutions are possible in other agent platforms. The chapter closes with an overview of a number of well-known agent platforms, such as AgentScape [20], Ajanta [23], SeMoA [41], and JADE [5] with its security extensions JADE-S [34] and S-Agent [16]. The discussion focuses on what techniques these agent systems have used to solve some of the discussed security requirements.
Metaphor and Affect: The Problem of Creative Thought

An examination of introspective evidence of artists and scientists on their creative processes suggests that the transformation of material in thought is the key problem for understanding creativity. A similar problem underlies the transformational process' of understanding a metaphor. Evidence for transformations in thought under the impact of experiential anomalies is provided by examples from scientific thought and from dreams. Such transformations are guided by or express affective states or attitudes. Evidence for the productive role of affect in thought is presented from several sources, including research on the frontal regions of the brain and on the affective correlates of response to metaphor. It is suggested that an adequate theory of creativity must await further research on the anticipatory properties of affect and that a useful place to begin such research is with the response to metaphor.
High Fat Diet Exposure during Fetal Life Enhances Plasma and Hepatic Omega-6 Fatty Acid Profiles in Fetal Wistar Rats

Pregnant rats were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for the first (HF1), second (HF2), third (HF3) or all three weeks (HFG) of gestation. Maintenance on a HFD during specific periods of gestation was hypothesized to alter fetal glycemia, insulinemia, induce insulin resistance; and alter fetal plasma and hepatic fatty acid (FA) profiles. At day 20 of gestation, fetal plasma and hepatic FA profiles were determined by gas chromatography; body weight, fasting glycemia, insulinemia and the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-insulin resistance) were also determined. HF3 fetuses were heaviest concomitant with elevated glycemia and insulin resistance (p < 0.05). HFG fetuses had elevated plasma linoleic (18:2 n-6) and arachidonic (20:4 n-6) acid proportions (p < 0.05). In the liver, HF3 fetuses displayed elevated linoleic, eicosatrienoic (20:3 n-6) and arachidonic acid proportions (p < 0.05). HFG fetuses had reduced hepatic docosatrienoic acid (22:5 n-3) proportions (p < 0.05). High fat maintenance during the final week of fetal life enhances hepatic omega-6 FA profiles in fetuses concomitant with hyperglycemia and insulin resistance thereby presenting a metabolically compromised phenotype.
Executive function and prefrontal cortex in rats

The term executive function describes a set of high-level abilities that influence more basic motor, sensory and mnemonic processes. These functions include working memory, behavioural flexibility, inhibitory control, attentional processes and decision making. A large number of evidence, from human studies, non-human primates, rats and mice studies, has demonstrated a role for the prefrontal cortex in these higher cognitive processes. The central aim of this thesis was to investigate two important aspects of the cognitive executive control: working memory and behavioural flexibility. The experiments described in the first two empirical chapters present the design of new operant paradigms to study these processes. Two further empirical chapters consider the neurobiological basis of behavioural flexibility, with a particular emphasize on the infralimbic (IL) and prelimbic (PL) regions of the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Although, the IL and PL regions have generally been considered as a single functional unit, empirical findings presented in this thesis provide evidence suggesting that the IL and PL mPFC can be viewed as independent but interactive regions with complementary roles in the control of behaviour. That is, the PL brings simple cue-outcome associations and more complex behavioural patterns under the modulatory influence of contextual, or other task-relevant, information and in contrast, the IL exerts an inhibitory influence over the PL biasing the animal towards simple, prepotent, learned or innate behavioural patterns.
Hardware and Software Techniques for Controlling DRAM Power Modes

The anticipated explosive growth of pervasive and mobile computing devices that are typically constrained by energy has brought hardware and software techniques for energy conservation into the spotlight. While there have been several studies and proposals for energy conservation for CPUs and peripherals, energy optimization techniques for selective operating mode control of DRAMs have not been fully explored. It has been shown that, for some systems, as much as 90 percent of overall system energy (excluding I/O) is consumed by the DRAM modules, thus, they serve as a good candidate for energy optimizations. Further, DRAM technology has also matured to provide several low energy operating modes (power modes), making it an opportunistic moment to conduct studies exploring the potential benefits of mode control techniques. This paper conducts an in-depth investigation of software and hardware techniques to take advantage of the DRAM mode control capabilities at a module granularity for energy savings. Using a memory system architecture capturing five different energy modes and corresponding resynchronization times, this paper presents several novel compilation techniques to both cluster the data across memory banks as well as to detect module idleness and perform energy mode transitions. In addition, hardware-assisted approaches (called self-monitoring) based on predictions of module interaccess times are proposed. These techniques are extensively evaluated using a set of a dozen benchmarks. It is shown that we get an average of 61 percent savings in DRAM energy using compiler-directed mode control. One of the self-monitored approaches gives as much as 89 percent savings (72 percent on the average), coming as close as 8.8 percent to the optimal energy savings that one can expect with DRAM module mode control. The optimization techniques are demonstrated to be invaluable for energy savings as memory technologies continue to evolve.
Presence Detection with Wi-Fi Using ESP32

This paper addresses the increasing demand for presence detection across various industries while addressing concerns related to invasive technologies such as cameras and microphones. The focus is on identifying individuals or objects within a specified area without compromising privacy. Introducing a cost and power efficient Wi-Fi system leveraging the ESP32 system-on-chip, with built-in Wi-Fi capabilities, is crucial for achieving a balance between accuracy and affordability in Wi-Fi-based presence detection. The designed system uses CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) for classifying occupancy and demonstrates a high accuracy of around 86% in classifying occupancy counts up to 3 people. Notably, accuracy reaches 96 % for 0–2 people, and presence/absence determination reaches 98 %. Challenges in classifying 0–4 people due to confusion in 0 and 4 people, attributed to the limitations of ESP32 chip and potential over-fitting, provide insights for future improvements. In conclusion, this Wi-Fi-based presence detection system offers a non-intrusive alternative to traditional methods. Positive results underscore its potential to enhance non-invasive monitoring technologies, paving the way for accurate and privacy-respecting solutions in diverse real-world applications.
Describing what is Special about the Role of Experiments in Contemporary Educational Research?: Putting the “Gold Standard” Rhetoric into Perspective

These remarks deal with vexing issues of method choice that are currently bedeviling the educational research community as it seeks to ground educational policy decisions in better evidence. Of particular importance are debates in American educational circles about the need for experiments versus multi-method studies, and it is on this issue that we focus here. The remarks are organized around the exposition of a limited number of basic points. The emphasis is on clarity of presentation rather than mellifluous prose.