Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Incongruity, Surprise and Positive Moderators on Perceived Humor in Television Advertising

Abstract Few studies have tested models incorporating cognitive as well as affective mechanisms that help explain different levels of perceived humorousness in advertising (cf. Alden and Hoyer 1993; Speck 1991). In the first of two studies, an extended incongruity resolution model of humor perception in television advertising is proposed and tested. In that test, schema familiarity is found to moderate surprise resulting from ad content incongruity. Furthermore, playfulness of the ad, ease of resolution of the incongruity in the ad and warmth created by the ad moderate the effects of surprise on humor. Thus, surprise appears to be a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for humor in television advertising. In the second study, the role of surprise in generating humor is examined in more detail. Specifically, evidence supports the hypothesis that, following exposure to incongruity, surprise can be transformed into diverse affective outcomes such as fear and humor depending on the presence of different contextual moderators. Implications of the overall model are discussed from both theoretic and applied perspectives and directions for future research are suggested.
Drug Resistance of Clinical Varicella-Zoster Virus Strains Confirmed by Recombinant Thymidine Kinase Expression and by Targeted Resistance Mutagenesis of a Cloned Wild-Type Isolate

ABSTRACT In this study, approaches were developed to examine the phenotypes of nonviable clinical varicella-zoster virus (VZV) strains with amino acid substitutions in the thymidine kinase (TK) (open reading frame 36 [ORF36]) and/or DNA polymerase (Pol) (ORF28) suspected to cause resistance to antivirals. Initially, recombinant TK proteins containing amino acid substitutions described as known or suspected causes of antiviral resistance were analyzed by measuring the TK activity by applying a modified commercial enzyme immunoassay. To examine the effects of these TK and Pol substitutions on the replication of recombinant virus strains, the method of en passant mutagenesis was used. Targeted mutations within ORF36 and/or ORF28 and an autonomously expressed gene of the monomeric red fluorescent protein for plaque identification were introduced into the European wild-type VZV strain HJO. Plaque reduction assays revealed that the amino acid substitutions with unknown functions in TK, Q303stop, N334stop, A163stop, and the deletion of amino acids 7 to 74 aa (Δaa 7 to 74), were associated with resistance against acyclovir (ACV), penciclovir, or brivudine, whereas the L73I substitution and the Pol substitutions T237K and A955T revealed sensitive viral phenotypes. The results were confirmed by quantitative PCR by measuring the viral load under increasing ACV concentrations. In conclusion, analyzing the enzymatic activities of recombinant TK proteins represent a useful tool for evaluating the significance of amino acid substitutions in the antiviral resistance of clinical VZV strains. However, direct testing of replication-competent viruses by the introduction of nonsynonymous mutations in a VZV bacterial artificial chromosome using en passant mutagenesis led to reliable phenotypic characterization results.
Job Satisfaction Among Teachers in Seventh-day Adventist Schools and Its Relationship to Commitment and Selected Work Conditions

A survey was conducted among teachers in Seventh-day Adventist schools to determine the degree of job satisfaction and its relationship to commitment and selected work conditions. The population for this study included teachers in Adventist schools in the Midwestern region of the United States. It was found that (1) Adventist teachers are generally satisfied with their work. They chose to work for the Adventist church because of their commitment to the church. (2) Commitment to the teaching profession was highly related to job satisfaction among male teachers; whereas, commitment to the church organization was highly related to job satisfaction among female teachers. (3) Faith dimension was the most important work-condition factor related to commitment to the church organization; whereas, personal significance was related to commitment to the teaching profession.
ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF WHOLE PLANT OF NELUMBO NUCIFERA GAERTN

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of methanolic extract of whole plant of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. The methanolic extract of Nelumbo nucifera were tested for antibacterial efficacy against three gram positive bacteria & three gram negative bacteria and antifungal activity against three fungal strains by disc diffusion method. In present study Ciprofloxacin 100 mcg/ml (antibacterial) and Ketakonazole 100 mcg/ml (antifungal) used as a reference standard. The methanolic extract of Nelumbo nucifera at the concentration of 150mcg/ml were found significant antimicrobial activity against the entire organism was tested. This study scientifically supports the usage of whole plant as a remedy for various superficial bacterial and fungal infections in traditional medicine.
Distributed Server Delivery of Immersive VoIP Service: Balancing Between Voice Latency and Access Upload Cost

As a future communication tool to the distributed virtual environment, the Immersive VoIP service delivers to each user a real-time mix of nearby user voices which are all rendered according to their respective virtual world positions. In this work, we conjecture that the voice latency constraints between Immersive VoIP users would vary according to their virtual world distance of separation. As verified in our subjective listening tests, this conjecture is more realistic than fixed latency constraint, in terms of user perceptual experience and network feasibility. Empowered by the Bandwidth Reduced server assignment algorithm, the proposed two-hop distributed server architecture achieves a better balance between access bandwidth cost and voice latency when compared against the central server and the peer-to-peer architectures. The two-hop architecture targets the challenging scenario where there lacks clear correlations between the virtual world and the underlying physical network. In addition, we have also investigated the necessary frequency to execute the server assignment solutions to mitigate sensitivity to virtual world mobility.
Cancer Cell Response to Anthracyclines Effects: Mysteries of the Hidden Proteins Associated with These Drugs

A comprehensive proteome map of T-lymphoblastic leukemia cells and its alterations after daunorubicin, doxorubicin and mitoxantrone treatments was monitored and evaluated either by paired comparison with relevant untreated control and using multivariate classification of treated and untreated samples. With the main focus on early time intervals when the influence of apoptosis is minimized, we found significantly different levels of proteins, which corresponded to 1%–2% of the total amount of protein spots detected. According to Gene Ontology classification of biological processes, the highest representation of identified proteins for all three drugs belong to metabolic processes of proteins and nucleic acids and cellular processes, mainly cytoskeleton organisation and ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Importantly, we observed significant proportion of changes in proteins involved in the generation of precursor metabolites and energy typical for daunorubicin, transport proteins participating in response to doxorubicin and a group of proteins of immune system characterising response to mitoxantrone. Both a paired comparison and the multivariate evaluation of quantitative data revealed daunorubicin as a distinct member of the group of anthracycline/anthracenedione drugs. A combination of identified drug specific protein changes, which may help to explain anti-cancer activity, together with the benefit of blocking activation of adaptive cancer pathways, presents important approaches to improving treatment outcomes in cancer.
Relationship Between the Voltage Distribution Ratio and the Post Arc Current in Double-Break Vacuum Circuit Breakers

In many cases, single-break vacuum circuit breakers are used as circuit breakers, and so the characteristics of double-break vacuum circuit breakers have not received sufficient attention. This report describes our investigations of the interruption characteristics of double-break vacuum circuit breakers. We have investigated and clarified the relationship between the voltage distribution ratio and the post arc current in double-break vacuum circuit breakers by measuring the post arc current in the single-break vacuum circuit breaker, the voltage distribution ratio, and the post arc current in double-break vacuum circuit breakers. Our investigation has shown that the post arc current scatter of the spiral contact is much larger than that of the axial magnetic field contact. This result shows that the bias of the voltage distribution ratio was caused by the imbalanced post arc current in each vacuum interrupter in the double-break vacuum circuit breaker. Therefore, we conclude that axial magnetic field contacts are suitable for double-break vacuum circuit breakers.
Data processing with time constraint using prediction algorithm in mobile environment

This paper describes data processing with real-time property based on prediction mechanism in wireless multichannel environments. Low bandwidth, unreliable wireless links, and frequent disconnections of mobile environments make it difficult to satisfy the timing requirements of supported strategies. This study investigates broadcast scheduling strategies for push-based broadcast with timing constraints in the form of deadlines, and proposes a prediction algorithm based on Kalman filter theory for this study. The proposed dissemination policy and adaptive bandwidth allocation scheme obtain sufficient conditions such that all the time-bounded traffic sources satisfy their timing constraints to provide various quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees in the broadcast period. Our goal is to identify scheduling algorithms for broadcast systems that ensure requests meet their deadlines. This study examines the performance of traditional real-time strategies and mobile broadcasting strategies, and demonstrates that traditional real-time algorithms do not always perform the best in a mobile environment. The proposed design indeed achieves good performance in mobile environments.
Algebraic Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Business Processes

An algebraic approach to the modeling and performance evaluation of business processes is developed based on fork-join queueing network formalism and idempotent algebra. As an illustration, a model of computer system security operation is considered. We introduce a related performance measure, and show how it may be used to analysis of actual systems.
HBV Vaccination Status and Response to Hepatitis B Vaccine Among Iranian Dentists, Correlation With Risk Factors and Preventive Measures

Background: Studies showed that HBV vaccination and consequent level of antibody are not completely adequate among dentists despite performance of highly exposure prone procedures. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the levels of responsiveness to HBV vaccine and to determine the occupational factors associated among dental staff. Materials and Methods: In total, 1612 dental health care workers were recruited. The level of anti-HBs was tested using a commercially enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data on demographic, risk factors associated with dental practice and level of protective procedures and occupational exposure aspects were collected through self-reported questionnaires. Results: Of 1538 vaccinated individuals, 55 (3.7%), 126 (8.4%) and 1309 (87.9%) had received one, two and full three doses of vaccine, respectively. One-hundred-seventy-six (11.5%) were nonimmune (anti-HBs < 10 IU/mL) and 1362 (88.5%) were immune (anti-HBs > 10 IU/ mL). 392/542 (72.3%) of dentists who received their third dose of vaccination less than five years before the commencement of study were completely immune compared to those who had completed all three recommended doses in a longer period (308/491, 64.3%) (P = 0.001). Fifty-eight (3.59%) of participants did not receive any HBV vaccine at all; however, they had positive results for anti-HBs, indicating a past HBV infection. Statistically, the levels of anti-HBs were significantly associated with gender, age, duration of dental practice engagement and regularly use of mask, glasses and shield. Conclusions: Since dental care workers have a high risk of exposure to hepatitis virus, they should be advised to receive hepatitis B vaccine and it should be confirmed if they have acquired immunity to HBV by testing the level of anti-HBs.
Phages and the Evolution of Bacterial Pathogens: from Genomic Rearrangements to Lysogenic Conversion

SUMMARY Comparative genomics demonstrated that the chromosomes from bacteria and their viruses (bacteriophages) are coevolving. This process is most evident for bacterial pathogens where the majority contain prophages or phage remnants integrated into the bacterial DNA. Many prophages from bacterial pathogens encode virulence factors. Two situations can be distinguished: Vibrio cholerae, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and Clostridium botulinum depend on a specific prophage-encoded toxin for causing a specific disease, whereas Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium harbor a multitude of prophages and each phage-encoded virulence or fitness factor makes an incremental contribution to the fitness of the lysogen. These prophages behave like “swarms” of related prophages. Prophage diversification seems to be fueled by the frequent transfer of phage material by recombination with superinfecting phages, resident prophages, or occasional acquisition of other mobile DNA elements or bacterial chromosomal genes. Prophages also contribute to the diversification of the bacterial genome architecture. In many cases, they actually represent a large fraction of the strain-specific DNA sequences. In addition, they can serve as anchoring points for genome inversions. The current review presents the available genomics and biological data on prophages from bacterial pathogens in an evolutionary framework.
Rapid Reconstitution of Antibody Responses Following Transplantation of Purified Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation has broad clinical applications extending from the treatment of malignancies to induction of immunologic tolerance. However, adaptive cellular and humoral immunity frequently remain impaired posttransplantation. Here, recovery of T-dependent and T-independent Ab responses was evaluated in mice transplanted with purified hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) devoid of the mature immune cells believed to hasten immune recovery. Mixed and full donor chimeras were created by conditioning recipients with sublethal or lethal irradiation, respectively, across different donor/host genetic disparities. By 6 wk posttransplantation, all animals demonstrated robust T-independent Ab responses, and all mixed chimeras and recipients of MHC-matched or haploidentical HSCs with a shared MHC haplotype had T-dependent Ab responses equivalent to those of untransplanted controls. Full chimeras that received fully MHC-disparate HSCs showed delayed T-dependent Ab responses that recovered by 12 wk. This delay occurred despite early reconstitution and proper migration to germinal centers of donor-derived Tfollicular helper (TFH) cells. Congenic transplants into TFH-deficient CD4−/− mice revealed restoration of T-dependent Ab responses by 6 wk, leading us to conclude that MHC disparity caused delay in humoral recovery. These findings, together with our previous studies, show that, contrary to the view that depletion of graft lymphocytes results in poor posttransplant immunity, elimination of immune-suppressing graft-versus-host reactions permits superior immune reconstitution. This study also provides insight into the regeneration of TFH cells and humoral immunity after allogeneic HSC transplantation.
A polyphosphate kinase (PPK2) widely conserved in bacteria

Synthesis of inorganic polyphosphate (poly P) from the terminal phosphate of ATP is catalyzed reversibly by poly P kinase (PPK, now designated PPK1) initially isolated from Escherichia coli. PPK1 is highly conserved in many bacteria, including some of the major pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In a null mutant of P. aeruginosa lacking ppk1, we have discovered a previously uncharacterized PPK activity (designated PPK2) distinguished from PPK1 by the following: synthesis of poly P from GTP or ATP, a preference for Mn2+ over Mg2+, and a stimulation by poly P. The reverse reaction, a poly P-driven nucleoside diphosphate kinase synthesis of GTP from GDP, is 75-fold greater than the forward reaction, poly P synthesis from GTP. The gene encoding PPK2 (ppk2) was identified from the amino acid sequence of the protein purified near 1,000-fold, to homogeneity. The 5′-end is 177 bp upstream of the annotated genome sequence of a “conserved hypothetical protein”; ppk2 (1,074 bp) encodes a protein of 357 aa with a molecular mass of 40.8 kDa. Sequences homologous to PPK2 are present in two other proteins in P. aeruginosa, in two Archaea, and in 32 other bacteria (almost all with PPK1 as well); these include rhizobia, cyanobacteria, Streptomyces, and several pathogenic species. Distinctive features of the poly P-driven nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity and structural aspects of PPK2 are among the subjects of an accompanying report.
Economic effects of national emissions trading schemes; national dilemma’s within a global issue

This paper investigates the effects of the various systems of tradeable allowances for CO2-emissions in the Netherlands. These effects are compared with those of raising and adapting the current energy taxes. The results show that a hybrid emissions system (with a absolute cap for sheltered sectors and a relative cap for exposed sectors) performs best in terms of a net national income measure of welfare. An emissions reduction of 12 Mton in 2010 results in carbon price of 95 Euro per ton carbon dioxide and 0.3% loss of Net National Income (NNI). A uniform emission ceiling yields a lower CO2price (45 Euro/ton), but also a lower national income (-1.1%), due to the relocation of energy-intensive exposed sectors across the border. Increasing energy taxes within the current tax system is also less efficient (-0.7% NNI), due to the inferior design. From an economic point of view, a national hybrid system of CO2-trading is an expensive policy instrument, due to the high transaction costs of the performance benchmark and the distinction between sheltered and exposed sectors. The first-best option therefore is to impose CO2-emission trading on an international level. Such a scheme will result in a lower allowances price and less loss of national income. In the national context improving the energy tax design seems to be the most efficient implementation of the domestic climate policy. The current energy tax system can be improved by extending it to all energy use in combination with the current energy efficience covenants and by introducing carbon dioxide differentiation.
Nonuniform probability modulation for reducing energy consumption of remote sensors

One of the main goals of 5G wireless telecommunication technology is improving energy efficiency, especially of remote sensors which should be able for example to transmit on average 1bit/s for 10 years from a single AAA battery. There will be discussed using modulation with nonuniform probability distribution of symbols for improving energy efficiency of transmission at cost of reduced throughput. While the zero-signal (silence) has zero energy cost to emit, it can carry information if used alongside other symbols. If used more frequently than others, for example for majority of time slots or OFDM subcarriers, the number of bits transmitted per energy unit can be significantly increased. For example for hexagonal modulation and zero noise, this amount of bits per energy unit can be doubled by reducing throughput 2.7 times, thanks to using the zero-signal with probability $\approx$ 0.84. There will be discussed models and methods for such nonuniform probability modulations (NPM).
Covariation Judgment: Systematic Rule Use in Middle Childhood.

SHAKLEE, HARRIET, and PASZEK, DONALD. Covariation Judgment: Systematic Rule Use in Middle Childhood. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1985, 56, 1229-1240. Research in causal reasoning and probability judgment indicates that children may show some simple understanding of event covariations by the early elementary school years. The present experiments use a rule-analysis methodology to investigate covariation judgments of children in this age range. Second-, third-, and fourth-grade children saw pictured information illustrating combinations of alternative event states of 2 potentially related events (e.g., plants healthy or not healthy; plant food present or absent) and were asked to identify the direction of the relationship. With increasing age, children were more likely to make judgments based on the pictured event-state combinations. Most common among these judgment strategies was a comparison of frequencies of the target event with and without the covariate (e.g., number of healthy plants with plant food vs. number of healthy plants without plant food, strategy a vs. b). Experiment 2 was a training study designed to investigate possible origins of this rule. Children's posttest performance showed that simply directing their attention to the frequencies of the 2 relevant event-state frequencies was not sufficient to elicit the use of the rule. Additional explicit instructions to compare the two frequencies did lead to use of the a vs. b rule. It was concluded that this simple covariation judgment rule can be used by children in the early elementary school years.
Quality of life in schizophrenia: relationship to sociodemographic factors, symptomatology and tardive dyskinesia

The influence of sociodemographic, clinical and treatment factors on the quality of life of patients with schizophrenia has yet to be fully defined. We evaluated the quality of life of patients with schizophrenia who were attending a catchment area rehabilitation centre, in order to establish its clinical correlates. These patients had a poor to moderate quality of life which was inversely related to negative symptom severity, illness duration, the cumulative length of previous hospitalization and patient age. Patients residing in hostels or group homes had a poorer quality of life than those living independently or with their family. The presence of tardive dyskinesia was associated with a poorer quality of life. This association merits further invesigation.
Sensitive and High Resolution Localization and Tracking of Membrane Proteins in Live Cells with BRET

Peripheral and integral membrane proteins can be located in several different subcellular compartments, and it is often necessary to determine the location of such proteins or to track their movement in living cells. Image‐based colocalization of labeled membrane proteins and compartment markers is frequently used for this purpose, but this method is limited in terms of throughput and resolution. Here we show that bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) between membrane proteins of interest and compartment‐targeted BRET partners can report subcellular location and movement of membrane proteins in live cells. The sensitivity of the method is sufficient to localize a few hundred protein copies per cell. The spatial resolution can be sufficient to determine membrane topology, and the temporal resolution is sufficient to track changes that occur in less than 1 second. BRET requires little user intervention, and is thus amenable to large‐scale experimental designs with standard instruments.