Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gentrification in Urban China under Market Transformation

After the reform and opening up in 1978, urban social space has been reconstructing according to market principals in China. With the gradual differentiation of urban social classes and the expansion of the middle class, gentrification has presented itself in metropolises of China in the process of urban renewal. It is a process of social space reconstruction that is initiated and facilitated by the government, and participated by investors, financial institutions and the middle class together. The previous study on gentrification in China pays more attention to physical renewal, neglecting its social function. This paper thinks that it is a process of the reproduction of urban space in the course of market transformation, mainly dominated by governments, among which, the central government aims to construct a harmonious society and the local states purpose is focused on urban management.
Angiotensin AT1 receptor inhibition. Effects on hypertrophic remodeling and ACE expression in rats with pressure-overload hypertrophy due to ascending aortic stenosis.

BACKGROUND We tested the hypothesis that long-term administration of the specific angiotensin II subtype 1 (AT1)-receptor blocker BMS-186295 will regress hypertrophy and modify left ventricular angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) expression in rats with ascending aortic stenosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Six weeks after surgery, rats with ascending aortic stenosis were randomized to receive either the AT1-receptor blocker BMS-186295 50 mg.kg-1.d-1 (n = 49), amlodipine 2.5 mg.kg-1.d-1 (n = 48) as a positive control for systemic vasodilation, or no drug (n = 48) and compared with sham-operated rats (n = 39). Drug treatment was continued for 15 weeks. Left ventricular ACE mRNA levels were measured by ribonuclease protection assay. The left ventricular/body weight ratio was increased 43% in hearts from rats with untreated left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) versus control hearts (P < .05). However, there was no difference in either the left ventricular/body weight ratio (2.78 +/- 0.08 versus 2.81 +/- 0.20 mg/g; P = NS) or myocyte cross-sectional area in the AT1-blocker-treated versus untreated LVH hearts. Amlodipine also showed no effect on regression of hypertrophy. In vivo left ventricular systolic pressure was significantly higher in untreated LVH versus sham-operated rats (193 +/- 8 versus 118 +/- 4 mm Hg; P < .05), and there was a similar severe elevation of left ventricular systolic pressure in the AT1-blocker- and amlodipine-treated LVH groups (189 +/- 9 and 188 +/- 16 mm Hg; P = NS versus untreated LVH). In vivo left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was higher in the untreated LVH than in the sham-operated rats (14.8 +/- 2.3 versus 7.0 +/- 0.5 mm Hg; P < .05). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was lower in the AT1-blocker-treated (11.0 +/- 1.7 mm Hg) and amlodipine-treated rats (11.5 +/- 1.8 mm Hg) and was similar to left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in the sham-operated rats (P = NS). Left ventricular ACE mRNA levels were elevated in untreated LVH rats but were normalized in both the AT1-blocker-treated rats and amlodipine-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS Long-term AT1-receptor blockade did not regress LVH in rats with persistent systolic pressure overload due to ascending aortic stenosis. However, both AT1-receptor blockade and amlodipine improved in vivo left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in association with the normalization of left ventricular ACE mRNA levels.
Distributed  ${\cal H}_{\infty}$ Consensus of Higher Order Multiagent Systems With Switching Topologies

This brief addresses the distributed H∞ consensus problem of multiagent systems with higher order linear dynamics and switching directed topologies. Without assuming that the directed communication topology is fixed or balanced, a class of distributed protocols is constructed and employed to achieve state consensus while guaranteeing a prescribed disturbance rejection objective, with both admissible exogenous disturbances and unknown initial states. By using tools from algebraic graph theory and switched systems theory, it is proven that the distributed H∞ consensus in closed-loop multiagent systems with switching directed topologies can be achieved if the feedback gain matrix of the protocol is appropriately designed and the coupling strength among neighboring agents is larger than a derived positive value. Moreover, the consensus rate for the closed-loop nominal multiagent systems is discussed.
Parenteral polyoestradiol phosphate vs orchidectomy in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer. Efficacy and cardiovascular complications: a 2-year follow-up report of a national, prospective prostatic cancer study. Finnprostate Group.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy and cardiovascular complications of orchidectomy or polyoestradiol phosphate (PEP) in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a prospective, randomized study 444 patients (mean age 73 years, range 45-91) with T3-4 M0 or T1-4 M1 prostatic cancer were treated either by orchidectomy (group 1, n = 217) or parenteral PEP (group 2, n = 227; 240 mg/month). The patients were examined at 3 and 6 months after start of the therapy and thereafter every 6 months; they were also assessed whenever they had symptoms indicating progression. Possible cardiovascular complications included myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis. RESULTS After a follow-up of 2 years there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in progression-free time; 65 of 217 (30%) patients in group 1 showed evidence of progression, including seven (3%) who died from prostate cancer. In group 2, 64 of 227 (28%) patients showed progression and eight (3.5%) died from prostatic cancer. There were 10 (5%) cardiovascular complications in patients in group 1, including five (2%) cardiovascular deaths; in group 2 there were 24 (11%) and 14 (6%), respectively. During the first year of treatment there were three (1.4%) cardiovascular complications in group 1 and 14 (6%) in group 2 (P < 0.05), and during the second year, seven (4%) and 10 (6%), respectively. CONCLUSION Parenteral PEP (240 mg/month) seems to be as efficient as orchidectomy in inhibiting disease in patients with advanced prostatic cancer (T3-4 M0 and T1-4 M1). There were more cardiovascular complications in patients treated with PEP than after orchidectomy; the difference was statistically significant during the first year of treatment.
A seepage outlet boundary condition in hemodynamics modeling

Abstract Background: In computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models for hemodynamics applications, boundary conditions remain one of the major issues in obtaining accurate fluid flow predictions. Objective: As an important part of the arterial circulation, microcirculation plays important roles in many aspects, such as substance exchange, interstitial fluid generation and inverse flow. It is necessary to consider microcirculation in hemodynamics modeling. This is a methodological paper to test and validate a new type of boundary condition never applied to microcirculation before. Methods: In order to address this issue, we introduce microcirculation as a seepage outlet boundary condition in computational hemodynamics. Microcirculation is treated as a porous medium in this paper. Numerical comparisons of the seepage and traditional boundary conditions are made. Results: The results show that the seepage boundary condition has significant impacts on numerical simulation. Under the seepage boundary condition, the fluctuation range of the pressures progressively rises in the artery zone. The results obtained from the traditional boundary condition show that the pressure fluctuation range gradually falls. In addition, the wall shear stresses under the traditional outlet boundary condition are much higher than those under the seepage outlet boundary condition. Conclusions: The proposed boundary condition is more suitable in hemodynamics modeling.
Business Cycles in an Estimated DSGE Model of China

A small-scale New-Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model is estimated by maximum likelihood method using quarterly data of China. Model specifications and parameter equalities between various competing model variants are addressed by formal statistical hypothesis tests, while implications for business cycle fluctuations are evaluated via a variance decomposition experiment, second-moments matching, and some out-of-sample forecast exercises. It is highlighted that both forward and backward components are important for the dynamics of output, inflation and real balances. The monetary authority will take a sufficient aggressive stance, with a significant lagged response, to the current inflation pressure, while leaving less attention to changes in aggregate output. Variance decomposition reveals that large percentages of variations in real and nominal variables are explained by the highly volatile preference shock and potential output shock, respectively. When nominal and real frictions as well as additional shocks are included, our estimated model overall can successfully reproduce the stylized facts of business cycles in the actual data of China and even frequently outperform those forecasts from an unconstrained VAR.
Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia: An Update

Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder with distinctive clinical features. Diagnostic and prognostic characterisation in WM significantly changed with the discovery of two molecular markers: MYD88 and CXCR4. Mutational status of these latter influences both clinical presentation and prognosis and demonstrated therapeutic implications. Treatment choice in Waldenstrom disease is strictly guided by patients age and characteristics, specific goals of therapy, the necessity for rapid disease control, the risk of treatment-related neuropathy, disease features, the risk of immunosuppression or secondary malignancies and potential for future autologous stem cell transplantation. The therapeutic landscape has expanded during the last years and the approval of ibrutinib, the first drug approved for Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia, represents a significant step forward for a better management of the disease.
THE EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITIES IN THE LATVIAN LABOUR MARKET: IS ANNA AS EMPLOYABLE AS JĀNIS?

This paper analyzes gender-based access discriminat ion in the Latvian labour market. The authors perform a field study of sending bogus resu mes in response to online job advertisements. A pair of two resumes was sent to 703 job vacancies , and in 155 cases the authors received a positive answer from the potential employer. Only m ale candidates were invited to the interviews 63 times, only female candidates – 39 times, while both candidates were treated equally 53 times. The study finds no statistically significant evidence for accepting the hypothesis that access discrimination can be observed in the market . Due to data limitations no meaningful analysis could be performed across industries, thus further research is warranted to assess the implications for the society and policy setting.
Codetermination as a (Partial) Substitute for Mandatory Disclosure?

Employee board representation can serve information dissemination purposes. This comment argues that in Germany, which (still) has a bank-oriented financial system, transparency may be better served by using codetermination (under which up to half of the supervisory board is composed of employees) as an information channel, rather than by importing the mandatory disclosure requirements that are typical of Anglo-Saxon jurisdictions. There are two reasons for this. One is that the evidence about the efficiency of mandatory disclosure requirements is mixed. The other is that mandatory disclosure is an intrinsic component of market-oriented financial systems such as the US financial system.Transplanting a market-oriented component into a bank-oriented financial system brings the risk of inconsistencies, as it affects the complementarities that exist among the intrinsic components of a bank-oriented system. This comment thus concludes that before suggesting ways to transplant further mandatory disclosure requirements into the German financial system, or improve existing ones, one should consider how to use or improve the use of codetermination as an information dissemination channel.
Strategic alliance: case study in competitive positioning

The case seeks to identify some of the issues encountered in the development and growth of a family-owned firm in the pharmaceutical business in Lima, Peru. Having overcome the initial challenges of its establishment, the company has become a visible and viable competitor in the Peruvian market and is poised to expand in cross border markets by exploring the prospect of a strategic alliance with a suitable pharmaceutical firm or a chain store in these markets. Senior management must evaluate the issues associated with an alliance that entails manufacturing for foreign companies.
Status jobs, human capital, and growth: the effects of heterogeneity

This paper develops a simple endogenous growth model of human capital accumulation with social status effects. These include status from job quality, as indicated by their relative level of education, as well as 'keeping up with the Joneses' in consumption. Symmetrically held, social aspirations increase growth, but possibly to a sub-optimally high level. Under heterogeneity, we show that growth and inequality are negatively related. We distinguish between 'average' and 'differential' status effects, and point out the difference in the effects on growth and equality between these two classes. Within the 'differential' effects class, any rise in 'gains from' and decrease in 'pains from the lack of' status from either consumption and/or job quality would decrease mean hours in education, growth, and increase inequality. Copyright 2009 , Oxford University Press.
Rare Anatomic Variation of Left Gastric Artery and Right Hepatic Artery in a Female Cadaver

The present report describes a rare case in which the left gastric artery arises directly from the abdominal aorta and the right hepatic artery from the superior mesenteric artery, as observed during the dissection of a female cadaver. The left gastric artery usually rises as one of the three branches of the celiac trunk, which was originally described by Haller in 1756, whereas the right hepatic artery usually originates from the proper hepatic artery. The knowledge of the typical anatomy of the abdominal arteries, and their variations, is especially important due to the numerous interventions performed in the abdominal area.
Interrelationship of biochemical responses to the absorption of inorganic lead.

Increases In the rate of the absorption of lead by human beings, beyond that which occurs In consequence of the inevitable exposure in the common environment, result In biological responses, represented by certain biochemical phenomena, without, necessarily, the development of any symptoms of lead poisoning. Articles in the scientific and professional literature dealing with the subject are examined, and information relevant in a systematic manner is presented. The relationships which exist between these biochemical responses to the absorption of lead are examined in order to demonstrate the extent to which each response can be employed as a prediction of the degree of lead absorption, as well as the status of the other phenomena. In this manner, the relative usefulness of these responses are indicators of the occupational hazard of lead absorption by exposed individuals and groups can be examined.
Accounting for China's Import Growth: A Structural Decomposition for 1997–2005

This paper applies structural decomposition analysis to Chinese input–output tables in order to disentangle and quantify the sources of China's import growth and China's growth in vertical specialization: that is, China's incorporation into the global supply chain. China's exports and the role of processing trade therein have increased substantially in the last decade. Yet, they account for only one third of China's import growth from 1997 to 2005. Instead, the volume growth of China's domestic final demand is found to be most important. Moreover, compared with other countries, the structural change in input–output coefficients and in the commodity composition of domestic final demand turns out to be surprisingly important. Looking only at vertical specialization, it is concluded that more than half of its growth, from 21% in 1997 to 30% in 2005, is due to the growth of China's import ratios.
Contracting for Biomass: Supply Chain Strategies for Renewable Energy

Cellulosic-based ethanol production is a cornerstone of current and proposed U.S. renewable fuels policy. Indeed, some recent proposals include a nearly five-fold increase in renewable fuels production, the majority of which would have to come from cellulosic ethanol. U.S. farmers will clearly play a significant role in the development and success of this industry. Aside from the technological hurdles, a number of supply chain barriers must also be overcome. One such barrier includes the marketing of cellulosic feedstock (e.g., wheat straw and corn stover) by farmers and the procurement of this feedstock by biofuels refineries. The exchange mechanism for cellulosic feedstock may develop in a number of alternative ways. This research specifically examines some early contracting and procurement strategies by an industry leader, the Iogen Corporation. An understanding of how biomass marketing may evolve will help farm managers better prepare for entering this emerging industry.
Extensions to Query Languages for Graph Traversal Problems

Extensions to database query languages for retrievals that involve inferencing on the nodes and edges of a graph are surveyed. Common types of inferencing are to find paths between two nodes, compute a value for a path such as a distance or an elapsed time, and to choose among alternative paths. The survey is based on the data model (relational or functional), method of extension (iteration, recursion, or special operators), interface style (string or tabular), and restrictions (data- and problem-oriented). The Quel, objected-oriented functional data, G-Whin, and Alpha languages are examined in detail with different values for these properties. The characteristics of other languages are summarized in several tables. The results of the survey indicate the diversity of language extensions and the need to provide data-model and query-language features to address such problems. >
Isolation of a strain of Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki HD‐1 encoding δ‐endotoxin Cry1E

A strain of Bacillus thuringiensis, STB‐1, toxic against Spodoptera exigua, was isolated. Bacillus thuringiensis STB‐1 produced bipyramidal inclusions and reacted with the H antiserum of B. thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki. The plasmid and protein profiles of B. thuringiensis STB‐1 were compared with those of its reference strains, ssp. kurstaki and ssp. kenyae. To verifiy the gene type of B. thuringiensis STB‐1, PCR analysis was performedwith Spodoptera‐specific cry gene primers. The result showed that B. thuringiensis STB‐1, unlike its reference strains, had cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac and cry1E, suggesting that B. thuringiensis STB‐1 was a unique strain with respect to gene type. In addition, B. thuringiensis STB‐1 showed a high level of toxicity against both S. exigua and Bombyx mori, whereas B. thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki HD‐1 or ssp. kenyae showed a high level of toxicity against only Bombyx mori or S. exigua, respectively.
Biological activity of vanadium compounds

Vanadium compounds are characterised by a broad spectrum of action in vivo and in vitro. Their insulin-mimetic activity is manifested in their ability to normalize changes observed in both clinical and experimental diabetes (i.e. hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, lowered cell sensitivity to insulin) through the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and the removal of secondary symptoms of this disease (as e.g. retinopathy, cardiomyopathy, nephropathy). Nevertheless, vanadium is considered to be a toxic element in both cationic and anionic form, although the latter type has more serious side effects. This is accounted for by the faster absorption of anionic forms, although the chemical structure, geometry, and the manner of synthesis of its derivatives also contributes to this elevated toxicity. Besides their antidiabetic properties, vanadium derivatives have also been observed to influence processes related to mitogenic cell responses (apoptosis, proliferation, neoplastic transformation). However, both anti-and pro-neoplastic properties of vanadium are reported.
The Value of Big 4 Audits in Australia

Research suggests that equity markets value Big N audits over non-Big N audits. Explanations include the information quality hypothesis, whereby Big N auditors increase information quality, and the insurance hypothesis, whereby investors value the deeper pockets of Big N auditors. Using client firms’ ex ante cost of capital as the dependent variable, we investigate whether capital market participants differentially value Big 4 versus non-Big 4 audits in Australia and whether the value of Big 4 audits in Australia changed as a result of the audit failures of 2001–2002. We find that Big 4 audits reduce the ex ante cost of equity capital until 2001, but not after 2001. We cannot dismiss the insurance hypothesis for the persistence of the loss beyond 2003 because of the establishment of liability caps, but the demise of the Big 4 audit value for 2001–2003 is consistent with the information quality hypothesis and does not support the insurance hypothesis.
Demonstration of an electronic dispersion compensator in a 100-km 10-Gb/s ring network

We experimentally demonstrate that an electronic dispersion compensator (EDC) can substantially improve the performance of a metropolitan area network. In our experimental testbed, the optical path varies in length from 20 to 80 km. Using an EDC increased the network's tolerance of transmitter impairments, and removed the need for other dispersion compensation. Unlike previous demonstrations of electronic equalization, which employed LiNbO/sub 3/ Mach-Zehnder modulators, we also used electroabsorption modulators (EAMs). Electroabsorption modulation is desirable in cost-sensitive applications, as EAMs are less expensive than LiNbO/sub 3/ modulators, and integration with the laser can lower the cost further. Unfortunately, the chirp in an EAM can be higher than that of a LiNbO/sub 3/ modulator, which decreases the link's tolerance to chromatic dispersion. We demonstrated that electronic signal processing can mitigate this, enabling the use of these less expensive modulators.
Multiphysics optimization, synthesis, and application of jet impingement target surfaces

This paper is focused on the synthesis and application of optimized jet impingement target surfaces for electronics device cooling. A multiphysics topology optimization method is reviewed along with two-dimensional results for an optimal local jet impingement heat transfer surface. Multiple surface topologies are utilized as building blocks in the development of a three-dimensional cooling structure having a mini-scale textured surface for jet impingement. The thermal and fluid performance of this structure is compared with that of a benchmark structure using respective multiphysics finite element models comprising a generic electronics package. Conjugate heat transfer and fluid flow results indicate that the optimized jet impingement surface reduces device temperature at the cost of increased pressure drop. The highlighted optimization and synthesis procedure represents a unique approach to the design of complex multiphysics cooling systems.