Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
O Brother, Wherefore Are Thou? Calcium-Permeable AMPA Receptors Make an Appearance in Adult Status Epilepticus

Commentary The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors (AMPAR) are normally assembled from GluA subunits 1–4 into tetrameric heteromers containing GluA2 within the endoplasmic reticulum. Prior to their assembly, GluA2 mRNA is edited by ADAR2 at a critical region within the pore. Editing is thought to be complete from birth onward. Edited GluA2 subunits, when associated with other GluA subunits, confer calcium impermeability while GluA2-lacking receptors flux calcium. Calcium-permeable AMPAR—GluA2-lacking or GluA2-unedited—can be detected by their resulting inward rectification (relative lack of current at positive versus negative holding potentials) conferred by endogenous or exogenous polyamines such as spermine, unique sensitivity to externally applied polyamine toxins such as PhTx433, faster kinetics and larger single-channel conductance (1, 2). Following assembly and packaging into endosomes, AMPAR are trafficked to synapses where they exist in three simplified pools: synaptic, extrasynaptic, and endosomal (subsynaptic) pools. Synaptic GluA2-lacking AMPAR are generally a feature of early development, largely disappearing after the first post-natal week in CA1 hippocampus (3); later > 80% of synaptic and > 95% extrasynaptic receptors contain GluA2 (4). However, enrichment of synaptic GluA2-lacking receptors (presumably GluA1 homomers) has been transiently detected in both “normal” and pathological conditions. Post-synaptic changes in GluA subunit numbers or properties are thought to underlie synaptic modification in long-term potentiation, and depression (LTP, and LTD) (5). This has resulted in postulated AMPA receptor “subunit rules”: 1) synaptic removal of GluA2 subunits underlies LTD, 2) GluA1 not associated with GluA2 act independently, and 3) insertion and/or modification of GluA1 underlies LTP (6). A rapid, selective trafficking of GluA2-lacking receptors into synapses has been shown to participate in the early phase of hippocampal CA1 LTP (7). Calcium influx through these receptors triggers a later phase swap of GluA2-lacking for GluA2-containing receptors. This swap appears to be critically dependent on the nature—size, extent, and temporal Calcium-Permeable AMPA Receptors Are Expressed in a Rodent Model of Status Epilepticus.
Predicate-based Filtering of XPath Expressions

The XML/XPath filtering problem has found wide-spread interest. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for solving it. Our approach encodes XPath expressions (XPEs) as ordered sets of predicates and translates XML documents into sets of tuples, which are evaluated over these predicates. Predicates representing overlapping portions of XPEs are stored and processed once, thus fully exploiting potential overlap in XPEs. We experimentally evaluate the performance of our algorithm, demonstrating its scalability to millions of XPEs, with matching performance in the millisecond range. We show interesting trade-offs to alternative approaches.
Six stroma-based RNA markers diagnostic for prostate cancer in European-Americans validated at the RNA and protein levels in patients in China

We previously analyzed human prostate tissue containing stroma near to tumor and from cancer-negative tissues of volunteers. Over 100 candidate gene expression differences were identified and used to develop a classifier that could detect nearby tumor with an accuracy of 97% (sensitivity = 98% and specificity = 88%) based on 364 independent test cases from primarily European American cases. These stroma-based gene signatures have the potential to identify cancer patients among those with negative biopsies. In this study, we used prostate tissues from Chinese cases to validate six of these markers (CAV1, COL4A2, HSPB1, ITGB3, MAP1A and MCAM). In validation by real-time PCR, four genes (COL4A2, HSPB1, ITGB3, and MAP1A) demonstrated significantly lower expression in tumor-adjacent stroma compared to normal stroma (p value ≤ 0.05). Next, we tested whether these expression differences could be extended to the protein level. In IHC assays, all six selected proteins showed lower expression in tumor-adjacent stroma compared to the normal stroma, of which COL4A2, HSPB1 and ITGB3 showed significant differences (p value ≤ 0.05). These results suggest that biomarkers for diagnosing prostate cancer based on tumor microenvironment may be applicable across multiple racial groups.
The effects of magnesium ions and of creatine phosphate on the synthesis of acetylcholine

This paper deals with the influence of divalent cations on the synthesis of acetylcholine and with the problem of determining whether creatine phosphate (CrP) can replace adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in this synthesis. In previous experiments in which studies were made of the synthesis of acetylcholine by homogenized brain tissue (Nachmansohn & Machado, 1943) or by acetone-dried brain (Feldberg & Mann, 1945) in the presence of ATP, it was found that magnesium ions had little or no action. In later experiments (Feldberg & Hebb, 1945), in which dialysed enzyme preparations of acetonedried brain tissue were used, Mg ions were found to have a strong accelerating action on the synthesis of acetylcholine; it appeared as though dialysis had removed from the system the Mg ions, in the absence of which synthesis was greatly depressed. This explanation is only partially true. Dialysis is not the sole determining factor. A distinction has to be made between the synthesis which is accelerated by citrate and the synthesis which occurs in its absence. It has now been found that only the synthesis accelerated by citrate is potentiated by Mg ions, although, in order to obtain the maximum effect, dialysed enzyme preparations have to be used. We have further shown that Mg ions can be replaced by manganese ions, but not by any of the other divalent cations examined. The suggestion has been made (v. Muralt, 1943; Nachmansohn, Cox, Coates & Machado, 1943) that not only ATP but also CrP may act in the synthesis of acetylcholine in a manner analogous to their action in muscle metabolism. We have, in fact, found that, under certain conditions, CrP can replace ATP in the synthesis of acetylcholine. A short account of these results has been published (Feldberg & Hebb, 1946). Since then Torda & Wolff (1946), using minced frog's brain as the source of their enzyme preparations, have found
Semantic Feature Analysis and Mining for Yelp Rating Prediction [ CSE 255 Assignment 1 ]

In this project, we investigate proper features of Yelp data to build machine learning models for rating prediction and recommendation tasks. Firstly, we described a linear regression model to observe contribution and influence of various features from data of Users, Business, Checkin and Reviews to predict review rating. Particularly, we discovered that information from review text is very useful for understanding rating scores, however which is often ignored by traditional prediction approach. Then, we applied discoveries from feature analysis to improve traditional latent-factor recommendation model by integrating implicate linear features as side sources. Further, we extracted textual topics by Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm and incorporated them as latent factors of users or business to recommendation model. The recommendation model with textual information achieved Root-mean-square-error(RMSE) of rating prediction as 0.9591, improved 14.28% compared to baseline.
Inpainting Images on Implicit Surfaces

Planar image processing has been widely investigated for many years. The processing operations include denoising, edge enhancement, edge detecting, inpainting, and others. But there exists little work about processing images on surfaces, since it is difficult to extend the classic methods to deal with the problem. In this paper, we study the inpainting algorithm of images on implicit surfaces based on the method of energy minimizing and PDE. It’s a generalization of the inpainting algorithm of planar images. An intrinsic energy functional is defined over surfaces. Energy minimization problem is solved by a numerical method, which needs data extrapolating. Another contribution of this paper is a theorem on how to control data extrapolating for processing images on implicit surfaces. The experiment results show the efficiency of our method.
Noninvasive Assessment of Left Ventricular Force-Frequency Relationships Using Tissue Doppler–Derived Isovolumic Acceleration: Validation in an Animal Model

Background—We have demonstrated that myocardial acceleration during isovolumic contraction (IVA) is a sensitive index of right ventricular contractile function. In this study, we assessed the usefulness of IVA to measure left ventricular (LV) contractile function and force-frequency relationships in an experimental preparation. Methods and Results—In study 1, we examined 6 pigs by use of tissue Doppler imaging of LV free wall and simultaneous measurements of intraventricular pressure, volume, maximal elastance (Emax), and dP/dtmax by conductance catheterization. Animals were paced via the right atrium at a rate of 130 bpm. IVA was compared with elastance during contractility modulation by esmolol and dobutamine and assessed during preload reduction and afterload increase. In study 2, in 6 more pigs, force-frequency data were obtained during incremental atrial pacing from 120 to 180 bpm. Study 1: Esmolol led to a decrease in IVA and Emax (P <0.03 and <0.02, respectively), both of which increased during dobutamine infusion (P <0.02 and <0.03, respectively). IVA was unaffected by significant (P <0.001) acute reduction of LV volume and a significantly increased LV afterload (systolic pressure increase, P <0.001). Study 2: There was a positive correlation between IVA and dP/dtmax (r2=0.92, P <0.05). As heart rate was increased from 120 to 160 bpm, there were significant increases in both IVA and dP/dtmax (P <0.0004 and P =0.02, respectively). Over the same range of heart rates, there was no significant change in Emax (P =0.22). Conclusions—IVA is a measurement of LV contractile function that is unaffected by preload and afterload changes within a physiological range and can be used noninvasively to measure LV force-frequency relationships.
Enhanced breakdown field of xSrCu3Ti4O12/(1−x)CaCu3Ti4O12 composite ceramics

xSrCu<inf>3</inf>Ti<inf>4</inf>O<inf>12</inf>/(1-.x;)CaCu<inf>3</inf>Ti<inf>4</inf>O<inf>12</inf> (x=0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8)composite ceramics were prepared by traditional solid-state method with sintering for 5 h at 1000°C. Breakdown fields of all the samples were greatly enhanced compared to CCTO ceramics, especially for samples of 0.4SrCu<inf>3</inf>Ti<inf>4</inf>O<inf>12</inf>/ 0.6CaCu<inf>3</inf>Ti<inf>4</inf>O<inf>12</inf> and 0.6SrCu<inf>3</inf>Ti<inf>4</inf>O<inf>12</inf>/0.4CaCu<inf>3</inf>Ti<inf>4</inf>O<inf>12</inf>. SEM images displayed that round shape grains with size of 1pm were extensively existed in samples. Statistic of grain size distribution from SEM images proved that longer sintering time lead to larger average grain size. I-V measurement indicated that breakdown voltages of samples in both sintering conditions were highest when x=0.4 and lowest when x=0.8, in which highest value of breakdown voltages is 25 kV-cm<sup>−1</sup> for 0.4SrCu<inf>3</inf>Ti<inf>4</inf>O<inf>12</inf>/0.6CaCu<inf>3</inf>Ti<inf>4</inf>O<inf>12</inf>. In addition, it was found from C-V measurements that reduced donor density was responsible for the elevated barrier height while interface density remained almost constant.
An Information-Extraction System for Urdu---A Resource-Poor Language

There has been an increase in the amount of multilingual text on the Internet due to the proliferation of news sources and blogs. The Urdu language, in particular, has experienced explosive growth on the Web. Text mining for information discovery, which includes tasks such as identifying topics, relationships and events, and sentiment analysis, requires sophisticated natural language processing (NLP). NLP systems begin with modules such as word segmentation, part-of-speech tagging, and morphological analysis and progress to modules such as shallow parsing and named entity tagging. While there have been considerable advances in developing such comprehensive NLP systems for English, the work for Urdu is still in its infancy. The tasks of interest in Urdu NLP includes analyzing data sources such as blogs and comments to news articles to provide insight into social and human behavior. All of this requires a robust NLP system. The objective of this work is to develop an NLP infrastructure for Urdu that is customizable and capable of providing basic analysis on which more advanced information extraction tools can be built. This system assimilates resources from various online sources to facilitate improved named entity tagging and Urdu-to-English transliteration. The annotated data required to train the learning models used here is acquired by standardizing the currently limited resources available for Urdu. Techniques such as bootstrap learning and resource sharing from a syntactically similar language, Hindi, are explored to augment the available annotated Urdu data. Each of the new Urdu text processing modules has been integrated into a general text-mining platform. The evaluations performed demonstrate that the accuracies have either met or exceeded the state of the art.
Managing semantic heterogeneity in databases: a theoretical prospective

Modern database management systems essentially solve the problem of accessing and managing large volumes of related data on a single platform, or on a cluster of tightly-coupled platforms. But many problems remain when two or more databases need to work together. A fundamental problem is raised by semantic heterogeneity the fact that data duplicated across multiple databases is represented differently in the underlying database schemas. This tutorial describes fundamental problems raised by semantic heterogeneity and surveys theoretical frameworks that can provide solutions for them. The tutorial considers the following topics: (1) representative architectures for supporting database interoperation; (2) notions for comparing the “information capacity” of database schemas; (3) providing support for read-only integrated views of data, including the . virtual and materialized approaches; (4) providing support for read-write integrated views of data, including the issue of workflows on heterogeneous databases; and (5) research and tools for accessing and effectively using meta-data, e.g., to identify the relationships between schemas of different databases.
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity Mass Community Cycling Events: Who Participates and Is Their Behaviour Influenced by Participation?

Background: Participation in mass physical activity events may be a novel approach for encouraging inactive or low active adults to trial an active behaviour. The public health applicability of this strategy has not been investigated thoroughly. The purpose of this study to was describe participants in a mass cycling event and examine the subsequent effect on cycling behaviour.
Optimal Resource Allocation with Semi-Bandit Feedback

We study a sequential resource allocation problem involving a fixed number of recurring jobs. At each time-step the manager should distribute available resources among the jobs in order to maximise the expected number of completed jobs. Allocating more resources to a given job increases the probability that it completes, but with a cut-off. Specifically, we assume a linear model where the probability increases linearly until it equals one, after which allocating additional resources is wasteful. We assume the difficulty of each job is unknown and present the first algorithm for this problem and prove upper and lower bounds on its regret. Despite its apparent simplicity, the problem has a rich structure: we show that an appropriate optimistic algorithm can improve its learning speed dramatically beyond the results one normally expects for similar problems as the problem becomes resource-laden.
A Novel Unified Analytical Model for Broadcast Protocols in Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks

Broadcast is an important operation in wireless ad hoc networks where control information is usually propagated as broadcasts for the realization of most networking protocols. In traditional ad hoc networks, since the spectrum availability is uniform, broadcasts are delivered via a common channel which can be heard by all users in a network. However, in cognitive radio (CR) ad hoc networks, different unlicensed users may acquire different available channels depending on the locations and traffic of licensed users. This non-uniform channel availability leads to several significant differences and causes unique challenges when analyzing the performance of broadcast protocols in CR ad hoc networks. In this paper, a novel unified analytical model is proposed to address these challenges. Our proposed analytical model can be applied to any broadcast protocol with any CR network topology. We propose to decompose an intricate network into several simple networks which are tractable for analysis. We also propose systematic methodologies for such decomposition. Results from both the hardware implementation and software simulation validate the analysis well. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first analytical work on the performance analysis of broadcast protocols for multi-hop CR ad hoc networks.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Gas-Sensing Performance of Hollow-Spherical WO3 Nanocrystals

Hollow-spherical WO3 nanocrystals were obtained by calcining an organic-inorganic W-C precursor containing C and W in a microwave oven or in a conventional muffle furnace, and the W-C precursor hybrid precursor was synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The samples were characterized by XRD, TG-DTA, FTIR and SEM. The morphologies of the WO3 samples obtained by conventionally heating (C-WO3) and microwave-assisted heating (M-WO3) were compared. The average diameter and shell thickness of C-WO3 hollow spheres is about 450 and 200 nm, respectively. The average diameter and shell thickness of M-WO3 hollow spheres is about 500 and 50 nm, respectively. The M-WO3 has a loose and multilayered shell, and their nanoparticles are smaller than those of C-WO3. The improved structure of M-WO3 is due to shorter heating time and the unique heating style in a microwave oven. The gas-sensing performances of the WO3 sensors were investigated. The M-WO3 sensor has better response to ethanol vapors than the C-WO3.
Analysis of chromosome 5q13 genes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Homozygous naip deletion in a sporadic case

Although defects in the gene encoding the enzyme cytosolic copperlzinc superoxide dismutase (SODI) have been reported in 20% of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, the etiology of the remaining familial cases and the more common sporadic form of the disease remains unknown. Recently, deletions of the neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein gene NAZP, of the survival motor neuron gene SMN, and of a further cDNA fragment, XS2G3, have been reported in childhood7‐onset proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), another disorder with pathology restricted to the motor system. We have therefore investigated the possibility of alterations in SMN and NAIP in 154 patients with ALS (135 sporadic cases, 17 familial cases). None of these patients revealed mutations in SMN by single‐strand conformation polymorphism analysis. A single patient revealed a partial deletion of NAIP, with a homozygous absence of NAIP exon 5. While it is possible that this individual is one of the rare carriers of SMA who show NAIP deletions, a further explanation is that the NAIP deletion is in some way contributing to the ALS phenotype in this individual.
The roles of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in the treatment of neuropathic pain: an update on preclinical in vivo studies and future perspectives

Neuropathic pain (NP) is a complex and chronic disease caused by lesions or defects of the somatosensory nervous system. The treatments normally used for managing NP usually lack efficacy. Several animal models of NP have been engineered in order to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying NP and to find alternative molecules to use as new therapeutic agents. Preclinical in vivo studies identified the epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a main active component of green tea (Camellia sinensis), as a possible therapeutic molecule for NP treatment due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Interestingly, it has been shown that EGCG reduced bone cancer pain. The purpose of this article is to discuss the potential use of EGCG for control and treatment of NP, by reviewing the preclinical studies reported in the literature and by shedding light on the potential schemes based on EGCG’s application in clinical practices.
pH1: A Transactional Middleware for NoSQL

NoSQL databases opt not to offer important abstractions traditionally found in relational databases in order to achieve high levels of scalability and availability: transactional guarantees and strong data consistency. In this work we propose pH1, a generic middleware layer over NoSQL databases that offers transactional guarantees with Snapshot Isolation. This is achieved in a non-intrusive manner, requiring no modifications to servers and no native support for multiple versions. Instead, the transactional context is achieved by means of a multiversion distributed cache and an external transaction certifier, exposed by extending the client's interface with transaction bracketing primitives. We validate and evaluate pH1 with Apache Cassandra and Hyperdex. First, using the YCSB benchmark, we show that the cost of providing ACID guarantees to these NoSQL databases amounts to 11% decrease in throughput. Moreover, using the transaction intensive TPC-C workload, pH1 presented an impact of 22% decrease in throughput. This contrasts with OMID, a previous proposal that takes advantage of HBase's support for multiple versions, with a throughput penalty of 76% in the same conditions.
De-Noising of ECG Signal Using Translation- Invariant Wavelet De-Noising Method with Improved Thresholding

The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal may mix various kinds of noises while gathering and recording. Wavelet thresholding de-noising method based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) proposed by Donoho et al. is often used in de-noising of ECG signal. According to the defects of Donoho's method in de-noising of ECG signal, this paper proposes an improved thresholding de-noising method based on Donoho's method. The advantage of the improved de-noising method is that it may not only remain the geometrical characteristics of the original ECG signal and keep the amplitudes of various ECG waveforms efficiently, but also suppress impulsive noise to some extent. Furthermore, the traditional wavelet thresholding de-noising method causes Pseudo-Gibbs phenomena in Q and S waves of ECG signal due to DWT. In order to suppress Pseudo-Gibbs phenomena in Q and S waves, a new de-noising method combining above improved thresholding with the translation-invariant wavelet transform is proposed in this paper. The experimental results indicate that the proposed methods in the paper are better than traditional wavelet thresholding de-noising methods in aspects of remaining geometrical characteristics of ECG signal and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)