Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fracture lineaments and their surroundings with respect to groundwater flow in the bedrock of Sunnfjord, Western Norway

Assumptions about groundwater flow based on observations from single-well test sites and a multi-well test site were evaluated by statistical methods on a regional data set of borehole flow rates and ground checked, remotely sensed lineaments. The analysis shows that the influence area of lineaments is characterised by a three-partite flow zonation which mirrors that of the hydromechanical fault zone architecture. This flow rate zonation indicates important guide-lines for the siting of water wells in lineaments. But borehole flow rates in the most permeable zone, i.e. the damage zone of the lineaments, cannot be distinguished statistically from borehole flow rates in the less fractured background area. Contrary to the field site results, critically stressed lineaments in the current stress field are statistically equivalent to other lineament directions with respect to groundwater flow. This may relate to topographic perturbations of the regional WNW-ESE stress field, which reorient the maximum compressive stress σ H into parallelism with fjordand valley sides in this region. The statistical analyses, which show that topography is the most important explanatory variable for the observed variations in borehole flow rates, support this view.
FinFET based SRAM cells design in various topologies using different power reduction techniques

In Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) design, device scaling is restricted due to subthreshold swing limitations and short channel effects. This article discusses the role of different power reduction techniques in the implementation of 14 nm fin-shaped field-effect transistor (FinFET) centered static random access memory (SRAM) cells with good subthreshold swing and reduced short channel effects (SCE). Dynamic threshold and power gating are incorporated in SRAM cells to advance the memory cell performance by reducing static power dissipation in standby mode. The power analysis was performed on different SRAM cells with different transistor count i.e., 6, 7, 8, and 9. The performance of SRAM cell is analysed in power dissipation and is reduced by 20% using power gating method and in dynamic threshold it is reduced to nano watts due to less leakage power.
MINORITY ETHNIC PUPILS IN THE LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN ENGLAND (LSYPE)

national datasets do not contain wide and rich contextual data to help interpret these results, such as information on pupil attitudes or family circumstances. In 2004 the DfES Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE) interviewed a nationally representative sample of over 15,000 young people in Year 9 of school (i.e. those aged 13 or 14 years). The study also interviewed their parents/guardians about their involvement in their children’s education. The study collected information on a wide range of topics and presents a unique insight into the experiences, attitudes and opinions of young people with regards to their school, their education and their choices and aspirations for the future. The primary aim of this analysis of the LSYPE data was to focus on the relationships between various pupil, family, school and neighbourhood factors in order to better understand the reasons for differences in the educational attainment of different ethnic groups. Key Findings
Loss of Biliverdin Reductase Increases Oxidative Stress in the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002

Oxygenic photosynthesis requires metal-rich cofactors and electron-transfer components that can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are highly toxic to cyanobacterial cells. Biliverdin reductase (BvdR) reduces biliverdin IXα to bilirubin, which is a potent scavenger of radicals and ROS. The enzyme is widespread in mammals but is also found in many cyanobacteria. We show that a previously described bvdR mutant of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 contained a secondary deletion mutation in the cpcB gene. The bvdR gene from Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 was expressed in Escherichia coli, and recombinant BvdR was purified and shown to reduce biliverdin to bilirubin. The bvdR gene was successfully inactivated in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002, a strain that is naturally much more tolerant of high light and ROS than Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The bvdR mutant strain, BR2, had lower total phycobiliprotein and chlorophyll levels than wild-type cells. As determined using whole-cell fluorescence at 77 K, the photosystem I levels were also lower than those in wild-type cells. The BR2 mutant had significantly higher ROS levels compared to wild-type cells after exposure to high light for 30 min. Together, these results suggest that bilirubin plays an important role as a scavenger for ROS in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. The oxidation of bilirubin by ROS could convert bilirubin to biliverdin IXα, and thus BvdR might be important for regenerating bilirubin. These results further suggest that BvdR is a key component of a scavenging cycle by which cyanobacteria protect themselves from the toxic ROS byproducts generated during oxygenic photosynthesis.
Green HRM: Goal Attainment through Environmental Sustainability

The green Human Resources Management has emerged from companies engaging in practices related to protection of environment and maintaining ecological balance. The slogan is earning profit through environmental sustainability. This paper proposes the development of a model of green human resource management by reviewing the literature on human resource aspects of environmental management. The study followed archival method of literature review. The literature has been classified on the basis of entry to exit processes in the HRM on the basis of available literature on green Human Resources. From the perspective of green human resource management, this study argues that Green HRM can play a useful role in business in promoting environment related issues by adopting and following the processes. Finally, the paper proposes some research agenda for the future study. Journal of Nepalese Bussiness Studies Vol. 9, No. 1, 2015 pp. 13-19
Exploring the culturally sensitive sexual and reproductive health information communication skill needs of parents in Ghana

Background Parents play a vital role in the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) of adolescents. Parents’ communication with their adolescents regarding SRH is considered an important part of adolescent development, as this contributes to optimising safe SRH. Aim This phase of the study explored the culturally sensitive SRH information communication skill needs of parents, based on their personal and social motivation, within the Ghanaian context. Setting The study was conducted at the Asante Akyem North Municipality of Ghana. Methods This article describes the second phase of an explanatory, sequential, mixed-method study. Following on from the first phase systematic review, this second phase comprised a qualitative descriptive study where 10 purposively sampled parents of adolescents participated in semi-structured interviews to elicit data. Braun and Clarke’s thematic data analysis process was applied. Data were saved and managed in Atlas.ti (version 23.0.7). Results Four themes emerged on communication skills: SRH information, parent and adolescent factors, contextual factors and communication skill needs. Parent and adolescent communication on SRH takes place occasionally. Parents lack the skills to communicate with adolescents regarding SRH. Conclusion Parents in this context require skills to communicate SRH information with their adolescent children. A culturally appropriate intervention that supports SRH information communication between parents and adolescents may have value in guiding this communication process. Contribution The findings of this study can contribute to the adaptation of a culturally sensitive SRH information communication intervention in Ghana which will promote adolescent SRH.
A High Power Density Zero-Voltage-Switching Totem-Pole Power Factor Correction Converter

The power factor correction (PFC) circuit is an essential component in high-power supplies with nonlinear loads, occupying nearly half the size of a typical power supply. To minimize the size of passive components in PFC converters, the switching frequency must be increased to several hundred kHz, a challenge even when employing gallium nitride (GaN) devices under hard-switching conditions. This article proposes a new GaN-based totem-pole (TP) PFC converter integrated with a bidirectional soft-switching cell. Unlike critical-conduction-mode TP PFC circuit, the proposed converter operates in continuous-conduction-mode with simple control. Design considerations and optimization of soft-switching cell are discussed and verified with simulations. As a proof of concept, a two-phase interleaved version of the proposed converter rated at 3700 W has been designed. The designed prototype achieves a peak efficiency of 99.14$\%$ and surpasses the hard-switched GaN-based TP PFC converters in both power density and cost.
Damage and casualties modelling as part of a vulnerability assessment for tsunami hazards: a case study from Aceh, Indonesia

Vulnerability reduction to tsunamis has become a major issue after the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami disaster. An ex ante (before the event) evaluation of possible disaster reduction measures requires insight into the potential risks. As part of a study focusing on sea defence measures for Aceh and Nias provinces in Indonesia, we have developed a model that is capable of quantifying potential damages and casualties for tsunami‐prone coastal areas. The model was able to reproduce the damage of 2004 sustained in Banda Aceh quite accurately. Because it is GIS based, the model also shows the spatial distribution of damage. Maps can be prepared that show high‐ and low‐impact areas for various tsunami event scenarios. This information is very useful for cost–benefit analysis of mitigation measures, such as sea defence measures, spatial planning and evacuation procedures.
Enculturation of Lombok Coastal Local Wisdom in PBL as A Conservation Learning Strategy to Improve Students' Environmental Literacy

Environmental literacy is essential for students to comprehend environmental issues and sustainable behaviours that can help reduce negative environmental impacts. This research is motivated by the low environmental literacy of students, which is attributed to schools not providing direct learning experiences for students to interact with the environment. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of students' environmental literacy by applying conservation-based PBL (Problem-Based Learning). The research sample consisted of 104 students from SMAN 1 Lembar selected through purposive sampling. The research method employed a pre-experimental design with a quantitative approach. Environmental literacy tests used test instruments adapted and modified from the Middle Schools Environmental Literacy Survey with indicators of knowledge, cognitive abilities, and attitudes. Data were analyzed using t-test calculations and n-gain. The research results show that conservation-based PBL is efficacious in improving students' environmental literacy based on (1) a significant increase in students' environmental literacy scores at α = 5%, (2) moderate n-gain scores, and (3) there was no difference in n-gain for all groups. Therefore, conservation-based PBL can be considered an alternative for teachers to enhance students' understanding of environmental issues while preparing them to adapt to ongoing climate and environmental changes
Learning Goal Orientation (LGO) and Mentor Function Effect on Entrepeneurship Self-Efficacy in Medium Small Enterprises Bojonegoro

Background: The role of an entrepreneur's internal dispositions and external support mechanisms in influencing self-efficacy remains a subject of keen interest. The Bojonegoro region, with its unique entrepreneurial landscape, provides a rich context for such exploration. Objective: To unravel the intricate relationships which shape an entrepreneur's self-efficacy, focusing primarily on the contributions of Learning Goal Orientation (LGO) and Mentoring Function (MF). Method: A questionnaire-based approach was employed targeting 30 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Bojonegoro, using the purposive sampling method. The gathered data was meticulously analyzed using SPSS's 25th edition under multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Findings highlighted the significant positive effect of LGO on Entrepreneur Self-Efficacy. While MF alone did not directly influence self-efficacy, its combined effect with LGO showcased a synergistic positive impact. Conclusion: The research underscores the importance of both an entrepreneur's learning mindset and effective mentoring in shaping self-efficacy. Emphasizing these factors can offer a more holistic approach to entrepreneurial training and development programs, especially in regions akin to Bojonegoro. Keywords: Entrepreneur Self-Efficacy, Learning Goal Orientation (LGO), Mentoring Function (MF), Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)
Electrical conductivity structure of the lithosphere in western Fennoscandia from three-dimensional magnetotelluric data

The lithospheric conductivity in the westernmost Fennoscandia has been studied using magnetotelluric (MT) data. The western margin of Fennoscandia was significantly affected in Paleozoic by the Caledonian orogeny and later by the rifting of Laurentia and the opening of the Atlantic Ocean c. 80 Ma ago. Magnetotelluric studies have been carried out in two target areas in southern Norway and in western Fennoscandia. The first study resulted in 2-D geoelectric models of two profiles stretching from Oslo to the Norwegian coast. The interpretation suggests that the basement is in general very resistive with a few conductive upper crustal layers, representing the alum shales, and middle crustal conductors possibly imaging the remnants of the closed ocean basins. A more extensive MT study was performed within the project "Magnetotellurics in the Scandes". Measurements were carried in summers of 2011 to 2013, resulting in an array of 279 MT sites. The data allowed us to derive 2-D geoelectric models for the crust and upper mantle as well as 3-D models for the crust. The inversions revealed a resistive upper crust and a conductive lower crust, two upper crustal conductors in the Skellefteå and Kittilä districts, highly conducting alum shales in the Caledonides and a conductive upper crust beneath the Lofoten peninsula. The thickness of the lithosphere is around 200 km in the north and 300 km in the south-west. The Palaeoproterozoic lithosphere is the thickest, not the Archaean, on contrary to a generally accepted hypothesis. A better image of the lithosphere will help to evaluate the proposed mechanisms of the exhumation of the Scandinavian Mountains. The theoretical part of this study is the development of a new multi-resolution approach to 3D electromagnetic (EM) modelling. Three-dimensional modelling of MT data requires enormous computational resources because of the huge number of data and model parameters. The development of the multi-resolution forward solver is based on the fact that a finer grid resolution is often required near the surface. On the other hand, the EM fields propagate in a diffusive manner and can be sufficiently well described on a grid that becomes coarser with depth. Tests showed that the total run time can be reduced by five times and the memory requirements by three times compared with the standard staggered grid forward solver.
Inhibitory Mechanisms of Lekethromycin in Dog Liver Cytochrome P450 Enzymes Based on UPLC-MS/MS Cocktail Method

Lekethromycin (LKMS) is a synthetic macrolide compound derivative intended for use as a veterinary medicine. Since there have been no in vitro studies evaluating its potential for drug–drug interactions related to cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes, the effect of the inhibitory mechanisms of LKMS on CYP450 enzymes is still unclear. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of LKMS on dog CYP450 enzymes. A cocktail approach using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effect of LKMS on canine CYP450 enzymes. Typical probe substrates of phenacetin, coumarin, bupropion, tolbutamide, dextromethorphan, chlorzoxazone, and testosterone were used for CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4, respectively. This study showed that LKMS might not be a time-dependent inhibitor. LKMS inhibited CYP2A6, CYP2B6, and CYP2D6 via mixed inhibition. LKMS exhibited mixed-type inhibition against the activity of CYP2A6 with an inhibition constant (Ki) value of 135.6 μΜ. LKMS inhibited CYP2B6 in a mixed way, with Ki values of 59.44 μM. A phenotyping study based on an inhibition assay indicated that CYP2D6 contributes to the biotransformation of LKMS. A mixed inhibition of CYP2D6 with Ki values of 64.87 μM was also observed. Given that this study was performed in vitro, further in vivo studies should be conducted to identify the interaction between LKMS and canine CYP450 enzymes to provide data support for the clinical application of LKMS and the avoidance of adverse interactions between other drugs.
Association between Air Pollutants and the Risk of Sleep Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: Sleep disorders have become prevalent, but the association between air pollutants and the risk of sleep disorders remains unclear. In this study, a meta-analysis was carried out to examine this relationship. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis for publications from January 1, 2000 to February 1, 2023 was conducted to clarify the association between air pollutants and the risk of sleep disorders. Results: We identified 18027 articles from ScienceDirect, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase, and 10 met our inclusion criteria. The results suggested that there were significant positive associations between PM 2.5 , PM 10 , NO 2 exposure and sleep disorders (for each 10 µ g m –3 increment of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and NO 2 , OR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.87–3.32; OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06–1.24; OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.17–1.59, respectively). Conclusions: Exposure to PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and NO 2 can lead to an increased risk of sleep disorders. Further studies with other pollutants are needed to clarify the association between air pollutants and sleep disorders.
U–Pb constraints on the thermotectonic evolution of the Vernon antiform and the age of the Aberdeen gneiss complex, southeastern Canadian Cordillera

The Aberdeen gneiss complex is composed of complexly deformed migmatitic orthogneiss and paragneiss situated within the core of the Vernon antiform, a structure defined by a series of subparallel reflectors visible at upper to middle crustal depths (6–18 km) in seismic reflection data from the Vernon area of the Shuswap metamorphic complex. The Vernon antiform and the Aberdeen gneiss complex lie within the footwall of the gently west dipping (top to the west) Kalamalka Lake shear zone. Migmatitic gneiss exposed within the antiform records evidence (recorded as age domains in complexly zoned zircon grains) of three metamorphic events, occurring at 155–150, 90, and 66–51 Ma. The timing of magmatic events within the antiform includes emplacement of diorite at ∼232 Ma, tonalite at ∼151 Ma, granodiorite at 102 Ma, and monzonite at 52 Ma. Middle to Late Jurassic metamorphism resulted in widespread migmatization. Early Tertiary metamorphism (66–51 Ma) was coeval with the emplacement of granitic rocks and exhumation typical of other areas of the Shuswap metamorphic complex. Highly deformed orthogneiss situated within the hanging wall of the Kalamalka Lake shear zone, comprising the superstructure, was emplaced at ∼171 Ma. Ductile deformation had ceased by 162 Ma. The complex metamorphic and magmatic evolution of the Vernon antiform, which is similar to other areas of the southern Canadian Cordillera including the Nicola horst, Mount Lytton - Eagle plutonic complex, Cariboo Mountains, and Mica Creek area, may reflect episodic tectonic activity at the plate margin.
The use of artificial intelligence and deep learning reconstruction in urological computed tomography: Dose reduction at ghost level

Objective: The objective of the study is to demonstrate that with the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in computed tomography (CT), radiation doses of CT kidney-ureter-bladder (KUB) and CT urogram (CTU) can be reduced to less than that of X-ray KUB and CT KUB, respectively, while maintaining the good image quality. Materials and Methods: We reviewed all CT KUBs (n = 121) performed in September 2019 and all CTUs (n = 74) performed in December 2019 at our institution. The dose length product (DLP) of all CT KUBs and each individual phase of CTU were recorded. DLP of each scan done with new scanner (Canon Aquilion One Genesis with AiCE [CAOG]) which uses AI and deep learning reconstruction (DLR) were compared against traditional non-AI scanner (GE OPTIMA 660 [GEO-660]). We also compared DLPs of both scanners against the United Kingdom, National Diagnostic Reference Levels (NDRL) for CT. Results: One hundred and twenty-one patient's CT KUBs and 74 patient's CTUs were reviewed. For CT KUB group, the mean DLP of 81/121 scans done using AI/DLR scanner (CAOG) was 77.8 mGy cm (1.16 mSv), while the mean DLP of 40/121 CT KUB done with GEO-660 was 317.1 mGy cm (4.75 mSv). For CTU group, the mean DLP for 46/74 scans done using AI/DLR scanner (CAOG) was 401.9 mGy cm (6 mSv), compared to mean DLP of 1352.6 mGy cm (20.2 mSv) from GEO-660. Conclusion: We propose that CT scanners using AI/DLR method have the potential of reducing radiation doses of CT KUB and CTU to such an extent that it heralds the extinction of plain film XR KUB for follow-up of urinary tract stones. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study comparing CT KUB and CTU doses from new scanners utilizing AI/DLR technology with traditional scanners using hybrid iterative reconstruction technology. Moreover, we have shown that this technology can markedly reduce the cumulative radiation burden in all urological patients undergoing CT examinations, whether this is CT KUB or CTU.
Effects of muscle strength in different parts of adolescent standing long jump on distance based on surface electromyography

Objective: To reveal the influence of muscle strength in different parts of the body on the distance of standing jump, to establish the key force phases of muscle strength in different parts, and to improve the recognition of movement norms. Methods: VICON infrared three-dimensional motion capture acquisition and analysis system and Noraxon Ultium surface electromyography acquisition and analysis system were used to complete the surface electromyography signal acquisition of 18 randomly selected subjects performing standing long jump. Results: 1) Triceps brachii, anterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi, semitendinosus, rectus femoris, upper trapezius, pectoralis major, and biceps femoris had significant effects on standing jump distance. 2) From the point of view of the key exertion phase of the standing jump mainly affecting the muscle group; the main exertion phase of the semitendinosus occurs from the rising stage to the descending stage; the rectus femoris, triceps, and latissimus dorsi occur during the ascending phase of the flight; the anterior deltoid muscle occurs in the transition stage from rising to falling in the air; the trapezius muscle occurs in the transition stage from pre-swing to kick-off. Conclusion: 1) From the regression analysis of the measured muscles on the distance of each stage of standing long jump, deltoid muscle strength is conducive to the improvement of standing long jump distance, which further indicates the importance of upper limb deltoid muscle strength. 2) Through time series analysis, it is found that the force performance of the rectus femoris muscle at this stage can be used as the main identification parameter of standing long jump, and can effectively distinguish different types of movements.