Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Violent Television Viewing During Preschool Is Associated With Antisocial Behavior During School Age

OBJECTIVE. The effect of violent television programming on preschoolers’ behaviors is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that exposure to violent television viewing when children are 2 to 5 years of age would be associated with antisocial behavior at ages 7 to 10. METHODS. Data were derived from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Our primary outcome was being in the 88th percentile of the Behavioral Problem Index antisocial subdomain. Our primary predictor was exposure to violent screen content. RESULTS. Data were available for 184 boys and 146 girls at both time periods. Adjusting for baseline Behavioral Problem Index scores and age, parental education, maternal depression, and cognitive and emotional support, violent television programming was associated with an increased risk for antisocial behavior for boys but not for girls. Neither educational nor nonviolent programming was associated with increased risk for boys or girls. CONCLUSIONS. Viewing of violent programming by preschool boys is associated with subsequent aggressive behavior. Modifying the content that is viewed by young children may be warranted.
Intelligent sensing using a system of multiple microwaves resonators

This paper presents a microwave sensor array based on a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) integrated with an artificial intelligence (AI) technique for material sensing applications. In particular, the sensor is utilized to detect the impurities and concentrations of fluid materials. The sensor is an array of three identical-coupled CSRRs that is modeled and designed using a full-wave numerical tool (HFSS). The array provides enhanced selectivity by utilizing the interaction between the coupled resonators. For the validation, the sensor is investigated and tested to detect small variations in the dielectric constants of fluids. Then, the numerical results were processed using multi-layer perceptrons (MLP) neural networks.
Microbes and metals: interactions in the environment

Research on the behaviour of microorganisms in geogenic or anthropogenic metallomorphic environments is an integral part of geomicrobiology. The investigation of microbial impact on the fate of minerals and geologically significant compounds of mining areas can lead to an understanding of biogeochemical cycles. Metabolic processes of microorganisms are the cause for the dissolution of minerals, and especially pyrite oxidation results in the generation of acid mine drainage which, in turn, leads to heavy metal contamination as a result of mining activities. On the other hand, microbial metabolism can also contribute to the formation of certain ore deposits over geological time.
VOLATILITY AND GROWTH

The issue about the association between volatility of output growth and output growth has been subject of research among economists. Some economists found negative association, while others found positive association. If one reads through this literature he will find out that there are many reasons to believe that there exist positive association between volatility and growth, and so there are as many reasons to believe that there exists negative association between volatility and growth. This paper proves that there exists positive association between volatility and growth on a large sample of pooled cross-country data (from all geographic regions). The inclusion of other variables in the models especially quality of institutions does not seem to reduce volatility. Inclusion of macroeconomic imbalances (Black Market Premium), and trade (Real/Current openness), does not affect volatility much but also does not affect GDP growth neither, since this variables lack statistical significance. Other variables from the neo-classical function (human capital, initial output, physical capital (investment), and convergence) affect GDP growth as expected.
Alternate scaling strategies for Multi-Gate FETs for high-performance and low-power applications

This paper focuses on the alternate strategies to enable scaling of Multi-Gate FETs into sub-22 nm nodes. Scaling is not only limited by device level challenges like increasing parasitic resistances and capacitances, but also circuit level challenges like increasing interconnect parasitics, variability etc. The alternate scaling strategies consider both device level and circuit level challenges to obtain overall benefits with scaling.
The Recovery of Mice from Influenza Virus Infection: Adoptive Transfer of Immunity with Immune T Lymphocytes

Transfer of primary or secondary influenza‐immune spleen cells to mice infected intranasally with influenza virus resulted in a significant clearance of virus from the lungs and the protection of the recipients from death. The antiviral activity was associated only with intact, viable cells and was not due to carryover of virus. The effector cell population responsible for the antiviral effect was shown to be T cells. Thus, the removal of adherent, phagocytic and Ig+ cells did not affect the antiviral activity, whereas it was destroyed with antitheta serum and complement. Antiviral activity was specific and was best expressed if the virus used to infect the recipients and to generate immune cells was the same strain. Further work will be necessary to define rigorously the role of different viral antigens in cell‐mediated immune response to influenza virus infection.
Application of Seismic Data Stacking in Time–Frequency Domain

Stacking is a fundamental concept that can be found in geosciences and seismic signal processing. The performance of random noise suppression and residual moveout correction by traditional amplitude-based stacking process is always far from satisfactory. In this letter, we present a time-frequency-domain phase-based stacking approach to exploit the similar spectral content of the different traces in seismic array data. The method can overcome the disadvantages of many existing stacking methods. The phase is derived from the well-known time-frequency-domain technique S transform, and the average of the phase spectrum is used to weight the spectrum of prestack seismic traces. As a coherency measure, the weighted phase spectrum can better reflect the lateral coherence of effective signal between individual traces. Meanwhile, the unique time-frequency properties of S spectrum make the weighting process more competitive in suppressing random noise and nonuniform artifacts. The analysis results of synthetic and real field data show the effectiveness of the proposed stacking approach.
Organization of human immunoglobulin heavy chain diversity gene loci.

The variable region of immunoglobulin heavy chain is encoded by three separate genes on the germline genome: variable (VH), diversity (DH) and joining (JH) genes. Most human DH genes are encoded in 9‐kb repeating sequences. We determined the nucleotide sequence of a 15‐kb DNA fragment containing more than one and a half of these repeating units, and identified 12 different DH genes. Based on the sequence similarities of DH coding and the surrounding regions, they can be classified into six different DH gene families (DXP, DA, DK, DN, DM and DLR). Nucleotide sequences of DH genes belonging to different families diverge greatly, while those belonging to the same families are well conserved. Since the 9‐kb DNA containing the six DH genes are multiplied at least five times, the total number of DH genes must be approximately 30. These DH genes are sandwiched by 12‐nucleotide spacer signals. Most of the somatic DH sequences found in the published VH‐DH‐JH structures (the somatic DH segment being defined as the region which is not encoded either by germline VH or JH gene) were assigned to one of the germline DH genes. Other than these typical DH genes, however, we found a new kind of DH gene (which we termed DIR) the spacer lengths of whose neighbouring signals were irregular. The DIR gene appears to be involved in DIR‐DH or DH‐DIR joining by inversion or deletion. Two of the somatic DH sequences were assigned to the DIR genes. Long N segments might, therefore, originate from DIR genes.
Design and Use of a Phage Display Library

We report the construction and the use of a phage display human antibody library (>3 × 108clones) based on principles of protein design. A large repertoire of functional antibodies with similar properties was produced by appending short variable complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) onto the two antibody germ line segments most frequently found in human antibodies. With this strategy we concentrated sequence diversity in regions of the antibody structure that are centrally located in the antigen binding site, while leaving residues in more peripheral positions available for further mutagenesis aimed at improving the affinity of the selected antibodies. In addition, the library was tested by selecting antibodies against six biologically relevant antigens. Using only 0.3 μg of antigen eluted from a two-dimensional gel spot, we isolated binders specific for the ED-B domain of fibronectin, a marker of angiogenesis. These antibodies recognize the native antigen with affinities in the 107–108 m −1 range, and perform well in immunosorbent assays, in two-dimensional Western blotting and in immunohistochemistry. The affinity of one anti-ED-B antibody was improved by 27-fold by combinatorially mutating six strategically selected residues in the heavy chain variable domain. A further 28-fold affinity improvement could be achieved by mutating residues 32 and 50 of the light chain. The resulting antibody, L19, bound to the ED-B domain of fibronectin with very high affinity (K d = 54 pm), as determined by real-time interaction analysis with surface plasmon resonance detection, band shift analysis, and by competition experiments with electrochemiluminescent detection.
Potato in the Indian economy.

The paper briefly reviews the history of potato production and use in India, and provides information on production zones, area, production and yields, marketing and distribution, transport and handling, prices and utilization. Potato development programmes are also examined. The bulk of potato growers are small farmers with poor resources; marketing and distribution are mostly controlled by private traders; consumption per caput is relatively low, probably because of high potato prices (vis-a-vis cereals). India might expand potato exports, although export policy is lacking
Cost-effectiveness analysis in minimally invasive spine surgery.

OBJECT Medical care has been evolving with the increased influence of a value-based health care system. As a result, more emphasis is being placed on ensuring cost-effectiveness and utility in the services provided to patients. This study looks at this development in respect to minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) costs. METHODS A literature review using PubMed, the Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) Registry, and the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED) was performed. Papers were included in the study if they reported costs associated with minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS). If there was no mention of cost, CEA, cost-utility analysis (CUA), quality-adjusted life year (QALY), quality, or outcomes mentioned, then the article was excluded. RESULTS Fourteen studies reporting costs associated with MISS in 12,425 patients (3675 undergoing minimally invasive procedures and 8750 undergoing open procedures) were identified through PubMed, the CEA Registry, and NHS EED. The percent cost difference between minimally invasive and open approaches ranged from 2.54% to 33.68%-all indicating cost saving with a minimally invasive surgical approach. Average length of stay (LOS) for minimally invasive surgery ranged from 0.93 days to 5.1 days compared with 1.53 days to 12 days for an open approach. All studies reporting EBL reported lower volume loss in an MISS approach (range 10-392.5 ml) than in an open approach (range 55-535.5 ml). CONCLUSIONS There are currently an insufficient number of studies published reporting the costs of MISS. Of the studies published, none have followed a standardized method of reporting and analyzing cost data. Preliminary findings analyzing the 14 studies showed both cost saving and better outcomes in MISS compared with an open approach. However, more Level I CEA/CUA studies including cost/QALY evaluations with specifics of the techniques utilized need to be reported in a standardized manner to make more accurate conclusions on the cost effectiveness of minimally invasive spine surgery.
Detection and identification of O‐GlcNAcylated proteins by proteomic approaches

O‐GlcNAcylation (O‐linked beta‐N‐acetylglucosaminylation) is a widespread PTM confined within the nuclear, the cytosolic, and the mitochondrial compartments of eukaryotes. Recently, O‐GlcNAcylation has been also detected in the close vicinity of plasma membranes particularly in lipid microdomains. The detection of this PTM can be easily done if appropriate controls and precautions are taken using a wide variety of tools including lectins, antibodies, or click‐chemistry‐based methods. In contrast, the identification of the proteins bearing O‐GlcNAc moieties and the localization of the precise sites of O‐GlcNAcylation remain challenging. This is due to the lability of the glycosidic bond between hydroxyl group of serine or threonine and N‐acetylglucosamine using conventional fragmentation techniques such as CID. To tentatively overcome this technical limitation, electron‐capture dissociation, or electron‐transfer dissociation MS/MS are now used. Thanks to these breakthroughs, a large number of O‐GlcNAc sites have been identified to date but these methodologies remain far from being used in routine.
Servo action in the human thumb.

1. The servo‐like properties of muscle in healthy human subjects have been studied by interfering unexpectedly with flexion movements of the top joint of the thumb. This movement is carried out by the flexor pollicis longus muscle only. 2. The movements were standardized in rate by giving the subject a tracking task. They started off against a constant torque load offered by an electric motor. 3. In some movements the load remained constant, but in others, in mid‐course, perturbations were introduced at random. Either the movement was halted, or released and allowed to accelerate by reducing the load, or reversed by suddenly increasing the current in the motor, so stretching the muscle. 4. Usually eight or sixteen responses to each kind of perturbation and a similar number of controls against a constant load were averaged. 5. Muscle activity was recorded as the electromyogram from surface electrodes over the belly of the long flexor in the lower forearm. Action potentials were usually full‐wave rectified and integrated. 6. About 50 msec after a perturbation the muscle's activity alters in such a sense as to tend to compensate for the perturbation, i.e. it increases after a halt or a stretch and decreases after a release. The latency is similar in each case. 7. These responses are interpreted as manifestations of automatic servo action based on the stretch reflex. They are considered to be too early to be voluntary. 8. This interpretation was supported by measuring voluntary reaction times to perturbations under tracking conditions. They were found to be 90 msec or longer. 9. When the initial load was increased by a factor of 10, the servo responses were all scaled up likewise. Thus to a first approximation the gain of the servo is proportional to initial load. 10. It follows that in relaxed muscle the gain should be zero. This was confirmed by showing that stretching a relaxed muscle gives no reflex, or only a small one. 11. Gain appears to be determined by the level of muscle activation as determined by the effort made by the subject, rather than by the actual pressure exerted by the thumb. 12. Thus in fatigued muscle gain is boosted as the muscle has to be activated more strongly to keep up the same force output. The net effect is to compensate for fatigue and maintain the performance of the servo. 13. The Discussion centres on the implications of gain control in the servo. For a start, if the gain of the stretch reflex arc is zero in relaxed muscle, contractions cannot be initiated via the stretch reflex by simply causing the spindles to contract, as proposed on the original ‘follow‐up’ servo theory.
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast: evolving perspectives.

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is an early, localized stage of carcinoma in the process of multistep breast carcinogenesis. The incidence of DCIS is increasing, mainly due to screening mammography, which results in diagnosing the disease in an increasing proportion of asymptomatic patients. Consequently, clinicians are being confronted with growing numbers of women who present with DCIS of the breast; thus, the concepts of managing such patients are assuming greater importance. The most common presentation is calcifications on mammography. DCIS is a biologically and morphologically heterogeneous disease. If left untreated, a significant proportion of these tumours will evolve into invasive cancer. However, when appropriately treated, the prognosis of DCIS is excellent. Optimal management of DCIS remains controversial. The goal in the treatment of patients with DCIS is to control local disease and prevent subsequent development of invasive cancer. For several decades, total mastectomy was the treatment of choice for DCIS and it should still be considered the standard of care, to which more conservative forms of treatment must be compared. Mastectomy is associated with a risk for chest wall recurrence of approximately 1%. Axillary lymph node dissection is not routinely recommended in the management of DCIS. However, mastectomy probably represents overtreatment in a substantial number of patients, especially those with small, mammographically detected lesions. Local excision alone has been suggested in carefully selected patients, whilst the rest of the patients undergoing breast-conservation surgery should be treated with breast irradiation. There is evidence that breast-conservation therapy is an effective option in the management of selected patients with DCIS. The use of radiotherapy after lumpectomy significantly decreases the rate of recurrence. Nuclear grade, presence of comedo necrosis, and margin involvement are the most commonly used predictors of the likelihood of recurrence. There is no role for adjuvant chemotherapy in the management of this disease. The role of tamoxifen in the treatment of DCIS is not clearly defined; tamoxifen should be given only in patients enrolled in clinical trials. Following breast-conservation therapy, about 50% of the tumours recur as invasive cancer. Most patients with recurrent disease can be treated effectively, usually by salvage mastectomy, but also in selected cases by breast-conservation therapy.
Evaluation of Simultaneous Transmission of Chikungunya Virus and Dengue Virus Type 2 in Infected Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

ABSTRACT The simultaneous transmission of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and dengue viruses (DENV) has been a major public health concern because of their sympatric distribution and shared mosquito vectors. Groups of Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) were orally infected with 1.5 × 105 PFU/ml of CHIKV and 3.2 × 106 FFU/ml of DENV-2 simultaneously or separately in inverse orders and evaluated for dissemination and transmission by qRT-PCR. Simultaneous dissemination of both viruses was detected for all groups in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus while cotransmission of CHIKV and DENV-2 only occurred at low rates after sequential but not simultaneous infection.
Development and Integration of an Offline and Open Source Alternative Mapping Solution

Nowadays, more and more business applications integrate Geographical Information System (GIS) to use and display data at the right place and the right time. However, this integration could face two problems. The first one is the integration cost of a commercial GIS and the second is cartographic data access. Indeed, the web map services used to provide cartographic background are charged depending on queries, so the cost of these services can increase quickly and the bill is not mastered. The second problem has occurred with the end of Microsoft MapPoint, so, this brings up the problem to find an offline mapping solution that can be integrated with business applications. There is a need to fill this gap and answer to these two main problems. This paper presents an offline and open source alternative which allow integration with business applications, a real business case of a truck tour management application has initiated this work.
Role of repeated hepatectomy in the multimodal treatment of hepatic colorectal metastases.

HYPOTHESIS Multimodal treatment consisting of repeated hepatectomy and adjuvant systemic chemotherapy for liver-confined recurrence of colorectal cancer can yield long-term survival comparable with that associated with primary hepatectomy. DESIGN Retrospective analysis. SETTING A prospective database at a tertiary referral cancer center. PATIENTS Review of 274 consecutive liver resections identified 64 patients who underwent resection of hepatic colorectal metastases without ablation followed by adjuvant irinotecan hydrochloride- or oxaliplatin-based systemic chemotherapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Median and 5-year overall and disease-free survival after primary and repeated hepatectomy. RESULTS At median follow-up of 40 months, median and 5-year overall survival after hepatectomy were 60 months and 53%, respectively; median and 5-year disease-free survival were 33 months and 25%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that less than 1 year between colectomy and liver resection (P = .001), more than 3 metastases (P = .001), no repeated hepatectomy (P = .01), and lymph node-positive primary colon cancer (P = .02) were independently predictive of worse survival. Of 28 patients (44%) with liver-confined recurrence, 19 (30%) underwent repeated hepatectomy; at median follow-up of 38 months, median and 5-year overall survival after repeated hepatectomy were 48 months and 44%, respectively. No risk factors were identified in multivariate analysis. In patients with recurrence, median and 5-year overall survival measured from primary hepatectomy were 70 months and 73%, respectively, with repeated hepatectomy vs 43 months and 43%, respectively, without repeated hepatectomy (P = .03). CONCLUSION Multimodal treatment of recurrent colorectal cancer confined to the liver should begin with consideration of repeated hepatectomy.