Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Illinois Aggressive Coma Multiprocessor project (I-ACOMA)

While scalable shared-memory multiprocessors with hardware-assisted cache coherence are relatively easy to program. If truly high-performance is desired, they still require substantial programmer effort. For example, data must be allocated close to the processors that will use them and the application must be tuned so that the working set fits in the caches. This is unfortunate because the most important obstacle to widespread use of parallel computing is the hardship of programming parallel machines. The goal of the I-ACOMA project is to explore how to design a highly programmable high-performance multiprocessor. The authors focus on a flat-coma scalable multiprocessor supported by a parallelizing compiler. The main issues that they are studying are advanced processor organizations. Techniques to handle long memory access latencies, and support for important classes of workloads like databases and scientific applications with loops that cannot be compiler analyzed. The project also involves building a prototype that includes some of the features discussed.
A Comparison of Self-Report Measures of Callous-Unemotional Traits Among Incarcerated Youth

The current study compared the psychometric properties and incremental validity of the callous-unemotional (CU) traits dimensions from four self-report measures of youth psychopathic traits, including the Antisocial Process Screening Device Self-Report version (APSD-SR), the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI), Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory–Short version (YPI-S), and the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) among a sample of male youth incarcerated in Portuguese detention centers (N = 221). Across these measures, estimates of reliability and internal consistency were generally good; however, the correlations between measures ranged from very low to high suggesting moderate convergent validity. With regard to incremental validity, the Callousness dimension of the ICU was the best predictor of aggression, conduct disorder, and crime seriousness, whereas the Uncaring dimension of the ICU was the best predictor of age of crime onset. The current findings have important implications regarding the assessment of CU traits.
From Mimicry to Language: A Neuroanatomically Based Evolutionary Model of the Emergence of Vocal Language

The auditory cortex communicates with the frontal lobe via the middle temporal gyrus (auditory ventral stream; AVS) or the inferior parietal lobule (auditory dorsal stream; ADS). Whereas the AVS is ascribed only with sound recognition, the ADS is ascribed with sound localization, voice detection, prosodic perception/production, lip-speech integration, phoneme discrimination, articulation, repetition, phonological long-term memory and working memory. Previously, I interpreted the juxtaposition of sound localization, voice detection, audio-visual integration and prosodic analysis, as evidence that the behavioral precursor to human speech is the exchange of contact calls in non-human primates. Herein, I interpret the remaining ADS functions as evidence of additional stages in language evolution. According to this model, the role of the ADS in vocal control enabled early Homo (Hominans) to name objects using monosyllabic calls, and allowed children to learn their parents' calls by imitating their lip movements. Initially, the calls were forgotten quickly but gradually were remembered for longer periods. Once the representations of the calls became permanent, mimicry was limited to infancy, and older individuals encoded in the ADS a lexicon for the names of objects (phonological lexicon). Consequently, sound recognition in the AVS was sufficient for activating the phonological representations in the ADS and mimicry became independent of lip-reading. Later, by developing inhibitory connections between acoustic-syllabic representations in the AVS and phonological representations of subsequent syllables in the ADS, Hominans became capable of concatenating the monosyllabic calls for repeating polysyllabic words (i.e., developed working memory). Finally, due to strengthening of connections between phonological representations in the ADS, Hominans became capable of encoding several syllables as a single representation (chunking). Consequently, Hominans began vocalizing and mimicking/rehearsing lists of words (sentences).
Influence of Friction Resistance on Expression of Superelastic Properties of Initial NiTi Wires in “Reduced Friction” and Conventional Bracket Systems

Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of resistance to sliding on expression of superelastic properties of NiTi wires. Methods and Materials. A three-point bending test was performed for 0.014 NiTi wire engaged in self-ligating (Damon, SmartClip, In-Ovation) and conventional brackets (Victory) ligated with regular and reduced friction modules (Slide). The wire was deflected in the buccal direction and allowed to straighten. The maximum load, unloading plateau and unloading capacity were registered. Results. The lowest activation load was required in the active self-ligating group (In-Ovation 2.2 ± 0.4 N) and reduced friction module group (Victory/Slide 2.9 ± 0.4 N), followed by the passive self-ligating systems (Damon 3.6 ± 0.7 N, SmartClip 3.7 ± 0.4 N). Higher activation load was obtained in the conventionally ligated group (Victory/module 4.5 ± 0.4 N). Unloading plateau phase with the load magnitude ranging from 1.27 ± 0.4 N (In-Ovation) to 1.627 ± 0.4 N (Slide) was distinct in all groups but one (Victory). Conclusions. Higher friction at flanking points reduces the net force delivered by the wire. Unloading plateau phase of NiTi load-deflection curve disappears in the conventionally ligated group thus indicating to an incomplete expression of NiTi superelastic properties. A rigid passive bracket clip amplifies resistance to sliding in an active configuration and produces a permanent deflection of the wire.
AN ANALYSIS OF A STOCHASTIC RESOURCE ALLOCATION MODEL WITH VARIOUS UTILITY FUNCTIONS

This paper deals with stochastic models of an optimal sequential allocation of resources between consumption and production. We obtain the following results by means of the theory of martingales. For a model of resource allocation we establish the dynamic programming equation and show that a supermartingale characterizes the composition of the model and clear the composition of the optimality, representing the sufficient condition for an allocation to be optimal via a martingale. Further, we show the following three results as the application of the above result. (I) For the Kennedy's model we give another proof for the fact on an optimal allocation. (2) For a model with a convex utility function, we represent an optimal allocation via a supermartingale. (3) For a model with a logarithmic utility function, we obtain an explicit optimal allocation. 1. I ntroduct ion In this paper, we consider stochastic models of resource allocation. Resource is sequentially allocated for consumption and production, and utility and resource are sequentially generated. We want to obtain the maximum sum of the expected utilities. The model of resource allocation has been investigated by Beckmann [1], Dynkin and Yushkevich [3], Foldes [4], and Kennedy [5]. The model in section 2 is an extension of the Kennedy's model [5] in which the utility function is a special form. Kennedy's model that we treat in section 3 is an extension of the model in [3]. The model described in [3] is the stochastic version of the deterministic model given by Beckmann [1]. Foldes [4] has obtained necessary and sufficient conditions for an allocation to be optimal under the assumption that the utility function is concave and increasing. © 1989 The Operations Research Society of Japan
Detection of voice onset time (VOT) for unvoived stops (/p/, /t/, /k/) using the Teager energy operator (TEO) for automatic detection of accented English

Voice Onset Time (VOT) is an important temporal feature in speech perception and speech recognition. It also benefits for accent detection[1,2]. Fixed length frame based speech processing inherently ignores VOT. In this paper we propose a more effective VOT detection scheme using the non-linear energy tracking algorithm (Teager Energy Operator (TEO)) across a sub-frequency band partition for unvoiced stops (p, t and k). The VOT detection algorithm is applied to the problem of accent classification. Three different language groups (Indian, Chinese and American English) are used from CU-AccentCorpus to compare VOT’s of both accented and native American English. Some pathological cases are considered where speakers have breathy voices or other issues in recording procedure. The VOT is detected with less than 10% error when compared to the manual detected VOT. Also, pairwise English accent classification are 87% for Chinese accent, 80% for English accent, and 47% for Indian accent (includes atypical cases for Indian case).
An efficient stochastic framework for 3D human motion tracking

In this paper, we present a stochastic framework for articulated 3D human motion tracking. Tracking full body human motion is a challenging task, because the tracking performance normally suffers from several issues such as self-occlusion, foreground segmentation noise and high computational cost. In our work, we use explicit 3D reconstructions of the human body based on a visual hull algorithm as our system input, which effectively eliminates self-occlusion. To improve tracking efficiency as well as robustness, we use a Kalman particle filter framework based on an interacting multiple model (IMM). The posterior density is approximated by a set of weighted particles, which include both sample means and covariances. Therefore, tracking is equivalent to searching the maximum a posteriori (MAP) of the probability distribution. During Kalman filtering, several dynamical models of human motion (e.g., zero order, first order) are assumed which interact with each other for more robust tracking results. Our measurement step is performed by a local optimization method using simulated physical force/moment for 3D registration. The likelihood function is designed to be the fitting score between the reconstructed human body and our 3D human model, which is composed of a set of cylinders. This proposed tracking framework is tested on a real motion sequence. Our experimental results show that the proposed method improves the sampling efficiency compared with most particle filter based methods and achieves high tracking accuracy.
A Conservative, Single-Amino Acid Substitution in the Second Cytoplasmic Domain of the Human Serotonin2C Receptor Alters Both Ligand-Dependent and -Independent Receptor Signaling

The post-transcriptional process of mRNA editing changes up to three amino acids in the second intracellular domain (i2) of the serotonin2C (5-HT2C) receptor and alters some signaling characteristics of the receptor. Here, we report that the substitution of valine for isoleucine (I156V; 5-HT2C-VNI), which occurs naturally as a result of mRNA editing, alters both ligand-dependent and -independent signaling. Agonist functional selectivity at the 5-HT2C-VNI receptor differed from the nonedited 5-HT2C-INI receptor. Ligands with selectivity for phospholipase C (PLC) signaling in 5-HT2C-INI cells retained this selectivity in 5-HT2C-VNI-expressing cells. However, ligands with selectivity for phospholipase A2 (PLA2) signaling in 5-HT2C-INI cells lost the capacity for preferential PLA2 activation in 5-HT2C-VNI cells. Maximal PLC responses elicited by 5-HT (full agonist) and lysergic acid diethylamide and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenylisopropylamine (partial agonists) at edited receptors (5-HT2C-VNI, 5-HT2C-VSV, and 5-HT2C-VGV) were not different from 5-HT2C-INI receptors, suggesting that the capacity of the agonist-occupied receptor to couple to Gq/11 proteins was not different. Ligand-independent (i.e., constitutive) receptor activity toward PLC for the 5-HT2C-VNI receptor was markedly reduced to a level similar to that for the fully edited 5-HT2C-VSV isoform. However, there was no difference in the thermal stability of the edited receptors, suggesting that mRNA editing does not alter the capacity of receptors to adopt active conformations. These results indicate that a conservative change in one amino acid (I156V) located in i2 of the 5-HT2C receptor produces profound changes in receptor function that differ depending upon whether the receptor is unoccupied or occupied by agonist.
Extended Transactional Distance Theory for Exploring the effect of Interaction between Avatars and Learners in the E-Learning Environment

As a result of dazzling advancement of web technology, e-learning system has emerged as a very effective venue with which learners can interact with online contents to get a full understanding on target subjects. Despite such success, empirical studies on e-learning performance lack rigorous theory with which learners’ e-learning participation intention is analyzed. In this sense, we propose an extended transactional distance theory (ETDT). Transactional distance (TD) is the physical separation that leads to a psychological and communications gap, a space of potential misunderstanding between the inputs of the instructor and those of the learner. This study focuses on e-learning environment where avatar instructor is used. To prove the validity of the ETDT, we assumed that dialogue is represented by avatar types (attractive vs. expert) and structure by contents difficulty (easy vs. difficult), and that TD_PI is represented in a reverse proportion to path coefficient from either avatar trust (AT) or contents trust (CT) and learners’ PI (Participation Intention). Results from experiment with valid 205 questionnaire revealed that (1) both TDAT_PI and TDCT_PI decrease when dialogue is administered by expert avatar and structure is composed of easy contents, and that (2) TDCT_PI shows no difference between easy contents and difficult contents when dialogue is administered by attractive avatar.
Unsupervised Lexical Substitution with a Word Space Model

We describe a system to tackle the Lexical Substitution task that exploits, as its only resource, co-occurrence statistics from a large PoS-tagged corpus. The system exploits the word space model formalism, and represents the word to be substituted by a composite vector that takes into account both the overall distribution of the word in the input corpus and its local context. As far as the precision and recall are concerned, the system is ranked among the highest positions in the Evalita competition, while it results winner in the mode p and mode r ranking.
MarkerThy-1: More than a Mouse Pan-T Cell

small GPI-anchored particularly thymocytes cells. T cell proliferation and cytokine synthesis in response to Thy-1 cross-linking by specific mAb suggests a role for Thy-1 in mouse T lymphocyte activation. However, a physiological ligand or counterreceptor for murine Thy-1 in the lymphoid compartment has not yet been identified. Thy-1 cross-linking, in the context of strong costimulatory signaling through CD28, results in an activating signal that can at least partially substitute for TCR signaling during mouse T cell activation. Re-markably, Thy-1 cross-linking also results in the potent costimulation of T cells activated through the TCR. This novel dual signaling capacity suggests a possible role for Thy-1 in the maintenance of T cell homeostasis in the absence of TCR triggering, as well as potentiating Ag-in-duced T cell responses. The Journal of Immunology, 2004, 173: 3581–3588.
Logical Reversibility and Physical Reversibility in Quantum Measurement

A quantum measurement is logically reversible if the premeasurement density operator of the measured system can be calculated from the postmeasurement density operator and from the outcome of the measurement. This paper analyzes why many quantum measurements are logically irreversible, shows how to make them logically reversible, and discusses reversing measurement that returns the postmeasurement state to the premeasurement state by another measurement (physical reversibility). Reversing measurement and unitarily reversible quantum operation are compared from the viewpoint of error correction in quantum computation.
Globalization and live variables

We develop a method to detect when stack or heap aUocation of function parameters can be replaced by global static allocation. The method is based on the principle that the value of a non-live variable may be modified without affecting the result of the rest of the computation. Thus we introduce the concept of a variable being globally live at a program point. We study a higher order eager functional language with fixed (left-to-right) evaluation order. A central concept is interference between two variables: variable x interferes with variable z if z becomes defined (i. e. . . an inst ante of z is created) while z is globally live. A function parameter may be replaced by a global variable when it cannot interfere with itself. Several function parameters may be allocated as the same global variable when they cannot interfere with each other. We present algorithms for finding the set of globally live variables at any point, for detecting possible interference between variables in a program, and for grouping the globalizable variables into disjoint groups such that all variables in a group may be allocated as the same globaf variable. Our work generalizes previous work by Schmidt and Sestoft in that we allow globalizable variables to be captured in a closure. We also ~mve an implementation of the analyses, written in Miranda .
Analysis of Artificial Neural Network for Financial Time Series Forecasting

Financial forecasting has been challenging problem due to its high non-linearity and high volatility. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) can model flexible linear or non-linear relationship among variables. ANN can be configured to produce desired set of output based on set of given input. In this paper we attempt at analyzing the usefulness of artificial neural network for forecasting financial data series with use of different algorithms such as backpropagation, radial basis function etc. With their ability of adapting non-linear and chaotic patterns, ANN is the current technique being used which offers the ability of predicting financial data more accurately. "A x-y1 network topology is adopted because of x input variables in which variable y was determined by the number of hidden neurons during network selection with single output. " Both x and y were changed.
A Clinical Model for Identifying Radiosensitive Tumor Genotypes in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose: Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) includes a spectrum of radiosensitive and radioresistant tumors. However, little is known about the molecular determinants of cellular radiation responses. We examined clinical outcomes after gamma knife radiotherapy for NSCLC intracranial metastases to evaluate the use of this model for determining radiosensitive tumor genotypes. Experimental Design: Between 2005 and 2012, 239 patients with NSCLC were enrolled in a prospective gamma knife data repository. Molecular pathology regarding EGF receptor (EGFR), ALK, and KRAS mutation status was available for 81 patients. Local and distant brain control was determined for 79 patients with 469 brain metastases. Modified Cox proportional hazards models were established to evaluate local control for treated lesions after serial gamma knife treatments. Results: In total, 11% of patients developed in-field recurrence. No patients with metastases from tumors with EGFR mutations (0/164 lesions) or EML4-ALK translocations (0/61 lesions) recurred in-field. In contrast, 19% of patients without these mutations and 18% of patients with KRAS mutations recurred in-field (10/139 and 3/105 lesions, respectively). Rates of distant brain recurrence did not significantly differ across tumor genotypes. The predicted median in-field local control was significantly longer for EGFR-mutant and ALK-translocated tumors compared with other patients with NSCLC (P < 0.001), whereas distant brain recurrence time was equivalent (P = 0.97). On multivariate analysis, EGFR mutation, ALK translocation, and metastasis size were independent predictors for superior local control after gamma knife treatment. Conclusions: This study suggests that EGFR kinase domain mutations and EML4-ALK translocations are radiosensitive NSCLC genotypes, and proposes a novel model to identify radiosensitive subtypes of NSCLC. Clin Cancer Res; 19(19); 5523–32. ©2013 AACR.
Importance of Venodilatation in Prevention of Left Ventricular Dilatation After Chronic Large Myocardial Infarction in Rats: A Comparison of Captopril and Hydralazine

In rats with large myocardial infarctions, we compared the effects of captopril, a presumed arterial and venous vasodilator, with hydralazine, which is thought primarily to be an arterial vasodilator. To determine if the effects of captopril were dependent on the pathophysiological consequences of heart failure, we also studied a group of noninfarcted rats treated with captopril. In noninfarcted rats treated with captopril, left ventricular (LV) systolic and mean aortic pressures decreased from 132±12 to 107±15 mm Hg and 122±1 to 100±2, respectively (p<0.01). In noninfarcted rats, captopril decreased LV weight, LV weight/body weight, and total heart weight/body weight but produced no effects on the peripheral venous circulation. Rats subjected to coronary artery ligation were selected by ECG criteria to have large myocardial infarctions and were treated for 4 weeks with captopril (n=8), hydralazine (n=5), or placebo (n=9). In infarcted rats treated with captopril, LV systolic, mean aortic pressures and LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) decreased (p<0.01) from 115±4 to 86±3 mm Hg, 106±4 to 74±3 mm Hg, and 23±2 to 11±2 mm Hg, respectively. Mean circulatory filling pressure decreased (p<0.05) from 11.2±0.6 to 8.7±0.8 mm Hg and venous compliance increased (p<0.05) from 2.04±0.07 to 2.70±0.20 ml/mm Hg/kg. Blood volume decreased (p<0.05) from 67.3±0.9 to 58.2±1.8 ml/kg. At LVEDP recorded during the hemodynamic study, LV end-diastolic volume (“operating” LV end-diastolic volume) decreased (p<0.01) from 2.64±0.15 to 1.88±0.12 ml/kg. Hydralazine treatment decreased (p<0.01) LV systolic (91±3 mm Hg) and mean aortic (86±2 mm Hg) pressures, increased (p<0.05) LVEDP (27±2 nun Hg) but did not change mean circulatory filling pressure, venous compliance, blood volume, or operating LV end-diastolic volume. We conclude that in rats with heart failure, captopril, in addition to being an arterial vasodilator, produced venodilatation and decreased blood volume. Operating LV end-diastolic volume and LVEDP were decreased. These changes appear to be caused by the decrease in blood volume and venodilatation in combination with afterload reduction because hydralazine which has no effect on the venous circulation did not alter LVEDP or operating LV end-diastolic volume.