Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large artery stiffening and mortality in a rat model of early vascular remodeling induced by intrauterine growth restriction and a high‐fat diet

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and exposure to a high‐fat diet (HFD) independently increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hyperlipidemia. In our previous studies, IUGR increased blood pressure and promoted vascular remodeling and stiffness in early life, a finding that persisted and was augmented by a maternal HFD through postnatal day (PND) 60. The impact of these findings with aging and the development of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis remain unknown. We hypothesized that the previously noted impact of IUGR on hypertension, vascular remodeling, and hyperlipidemia would persist. Adult female rats were fed either a regular diet (RD) or high fat diet (HFD) prior to conception through lactation. IUGR was induced by uterine artery ligation. Offspring were weaned to either RD or HFD through PND 365. For both control (C) and IUGR (I) and rats, this resulted in the following six groups per sex: offspring from RD dams weaned to an RD (CRR and IRR), or offspring from HFD dams weaned to either an RD (CHR and IHR) or to an HFD (CHH and IHH). IHH male and female rats had increased large artery stiffness, a suggestion of fatty streaks in the aorta, and persistent decreased elastin and increased collagen in the aorta and carotid arteries. Post‐weaning HFD intake increased blood lipids regardless of IUGR status. IUGR increased HFD‐induced mortality. We speculate that HFD‐induced risk of CVD and mortality is potentiated by developmental programming of the ECM.
Pulmonary involvement: A potential independent factor for quality of life in systemic lupus erythematosus

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multi-systemic autoimmune disease. SLE patients may experience a wide range of physical, psychological, and social perception of well-being influenced by the patient illness that are not always fully captured by descriptions of the disease’s physiological consequences alone. Nowadays, patients with SLE have a better survival than decades ago, nevertheless still experience a low health related quality of life (HRQoL). Assessing disease activity in SLE is crucial to the physician as it forms the basis for treatment decisions, moreover careful evaluation for respiratory involvement should be routinely considered. More chronic lung disease related to SLE can have a significant negative effect on patient well-being and physical performance status and are detrimental to quality of life. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate quality of life changes in SLE patients using Lupus QoL scale, assessing their correlation with different disease aspects particularly pulmonary manifestations and predictors for worse QoL. Materials and methods Total of 60 SLE patients, who fulfilled the 2012 Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) criteria, were enrolled in this study. Disease activity was measured by systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) and quality of life was assessed by Lupus QoL. Pulmonary evaluation included pulmonary function tests parameters (PFTs), mMRC dyspnea scale, HRCT score, and pulmonary damage index. Results Lupus QoL had a strong significant correlations with PFTs FEV1, FVC, and DLCO (r = 0.79, 0.78, 0.76, p < .001), respectively}, while Lupus QoL had strong negative correlations with both mMRC dyspnea scale and HRCT score (r = −0.96, −0.85, p < .001), respectively, and moderate negative correlation with neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) (r = −0.61, p < .001). Weak negative correlations were found between Lupus QoL, photosensitivity, alopecia, Raynaud’s and renal affection (r = −0.29, −0.30, −0.30, 0.38, p = .03, .02, .02, .002), respectively. NPSLE and pulmonary involvement were the most consistent predictors of low HRQoL [contributing 36% and 18% of the variance of Lupus QoL], respectively. Conclusion Lupus QoL is negatively correlated with different SLE clinical parameters particularly pulmonary manifestations. Neuropsychiatric, pulmonary, renal affection, and SLEDAI are the best determinants for worse Lupus QoL.
Leakage mechanisms in InAlN based heterostructures

We propose a model for leakage currents in Schottky contacts on InAlN/GaN heterostructures based on two distinct tunneling mechanisms. Our modeling relies on structural parameters, in particular, InAlN dielectric constant, interface polarization charges and Schottky barrier height, which are experimentally determined in the first part of our work. The first leakage mechanism is dominant in heterostructures with very thin (≤7 nm) InAlN barriers and consists in tunneling assisted by a deep level located 1.7 eV below the InAlN conduction band edge. We provide experimental evidence for this level through photocapacitance measurements. The second mechanism is on the other hand dominant in thicker InAlN layers and is linked to the appearance of highly doped regions where direct tunneling through the whole InAlN barrier is significantly enhanced. We also show that the two mechanisms may coexist for InAlN layers of intermediate thickness. Our findings confirm a progressive degradation of the InAlN material qualit.
Association of Psychological distress and Physical Health with Subjective and Objective Memory in Older Adults

Objectives To investigate how indicators of psychological stress and physical health differentially influence subjective and objective memory in older adults. Methods: 404 adults aged ≥55 without cognitive impairment participated in remote assessment of physical health (PHY; multimorbidity, body-mass-index), psychological distress (PDS; perceived stress, anxiety, depression), subjective memory complaints (SM), and task-based objective memory performance (OM). Results: Separately, both PHY and PDS significantly predicted SM (p < 0.01), but only PHY was associated with OM (p = 0.05). Combined models showed that PHY and PDS maintained significant association with SM (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.30), while only PHY was associated with OM (p = .07, R2 = 0.03; for associative OM, p = 0.04). Discussion: SM is associated with participants’ psychological profile, highlighting the importance of addressing these factors when assessing SM. The results also reveal that remotely-administered OM tasks are more immune to participants’ psychological profile, and support previously-established links between physical health and objective and subjective memory function.
Transforming epilepsy research: A systematic review on natural language processing applications

Despite improved ancillary investigations in epilepsy care, patients' narratives remain indispensable for diagnosing and treatment monitoring. This wealth of information is typically stored in electronic health records and accumulated in medical journals in an unstructured manner, thereby restricting complete utilization in clinical decision‐making. To this end, clinical researchers increasing apply natural language processing (NLP)—a branch of artificial intelligence—as it removes ambiguity, derives context, and imbues standardized meaning from free‐narrative clinical texts. This systematic review presents an overview of the current NLP applications in epilepsy and discusses the opportunities and drawbacks of NLP alongside its future implications. We searched the PubMed and Embase databases with a “natural language processing” and “epilepsy” query (March 4, 2022) and included original research articles describing the application of NLP techniques for textual analysis in epilepsy. Twenty‐six studies were included. Fifty‐eight percent of these studies used NLP to classify clinical records into predefined categories, improving patient identification and treatment decisions. Other applications of NLP had structured clinical information retrieval from electronic health records, scientific papers, and online posts of patients. Challenges and opportunities of NLP applications for enhancing epilepsy care and research are discussed. The field could further benefit from NLP by replicating successes in other health care domains, such as NLP‐aided quality evaluation for clinical decision‐making, outcome prediction, and clinical record summarization.
XBT fall rate in waters of extreme temperature: A case study in the Antarctic Ocean

Abstract XBT fall-rate variation in waters of extreme temperature and the resulting depth error has been addressed using controlled XBT–CTD datasets collected from two cruises in the Southern Ocean. Mean depth errors deduced from both the datasets are significantly different from those reported earlier for tropical and subtropical regions. The comprehensive study of Hanawa et al. (making use of controlled XBT–CTD data, mostly from tropical and subtropical waters) showed that the manufacturer's equation underestimates the probe's fall rate. This is manifested by the mean negative depth error reported from this region. However, results from the present study show that the manufacturer's equation slightly overestimates the fall rate in this region, as indicated by the small positive error (5–10 m). In order to provide theoretical support to the observed depth error, an analytical approach is adopted based on the viscosity effect on the probe's fall rate. Observed as well as analytical results suggest that th.
A Review of Emerging Electromagnetic-Acoustic Sensing Techniques for Healthcare Monitoring

Conventional electromagnetic (EM) sensing techniques such as radar and LiDAR are widely used for remote sensing, vehicle applications, weather monitoring, and clinical monitoring. Acoustic techniques such as sonar and ultrasound sensors are also used for consumer applications, such as ranging and in vivo medical/healthcare applications. It has been of long-term interest to doctors and clinical practitioners to realize continuous healthcare monitoring in hospitals and/or homes. Physiological and biopotential signals in real-time serve as important health indicators to predict and prevent serious illness. Emerging electromagnetic-acoustic (EMA) sensing techniques synergistically combine the merits of EM sensing with acoustic imaging to achieve comprehensive detection of physiological and biopotential signals. Further, EMA enables complementary fusion sensing for challenging healthcare settings, such as real-world long-term monitoring of treatment effects at home or in remote environments. This article reviews various examples of EMA sensing instruments, including implementation, performance, and application from the perspectives of circuits to systems. The novel and significant applications to healthcare are discussed. Three types of EMA sensors are presented: (1) Chip-based radar sensors for health status monitoring, (2) Thermo-acoustic sensing instruments for biomedical applications, and (3) Photoacoustic (PA) sensing and imaging systems, including dedicated reconstruction algorithms were reviewed from time-domain, frequency-domain, time-reversal, and model-based solutions. The future of EMA techniques for continuous healthcare with enhanced accuracy supported by artificial intelligence (AI) is also presented.
Low-symmetry phases at the tilt boundary of the Pb(Zr 1-x Ti x )O 3 solid solution

The tilt boundary that separates the well-known rhombohedral phases $R3m$ and $R3c$ of the $\mathrm{Pb}({\mathrm{Zr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{x}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ solid solution was investigated by means of time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction, dielectric measurements, and resonance Raman spectroscopy. Careful Rietveld refinements yield significantly better agreement factors using monoclinic models for the long-range structure of $\mathrm{Pb}{\mathrm{Zr}}_{0.6}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{0.4}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ with a $Cc$ space group at low temperature and with a $Cm$ space group at high temperature rather than the widely accepted rhombohedral symmetry. The spontaneous polarization was found to lie along the pseudocubic [112] direction instead of along the [111] direction. This polarization direction is shown to be adopted for a wide variety of compositions, temperatures, and pressures and has major implications for the domain structure of these materials. Furthermore, the transition between the untilted and the tilted structures was found to be very diffuse and strongly dependent on the thermal history of the sample.
Speed-dependent resolution analysis of ultrafast laser-scanning fluorescence microscopy

The image resolution of an aberration-corrected laser-scanning fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) system, like all other classical optical imaging modalities, is ultimately governed by diffraction limit and can be, in practice, influenced by the noise. However, consideration of only these two parameters is not adequate for LSFM with ultrafast laser-scanning, in which the dwell time of each resolvable image point becomes comparable with the fluorescence lifetime. In view of the continuing demand for faster LSFM, we here revisit the theoretical framework of LSFM and investigate the impact of the scanning speed on the resolution. In particular, we identify there are different speed regimes and excitation conditions in which the resolution is primarily limited by diffraction limit, fluorescence lifetime, or intrinsic noise. Our model also suggests that the speed of the current laser-scanning technologies is still at least an order of magnitude below the limit (∼sub-MHz to MHz), at which the diffraction-limited resolution can be preserved. We thus anticipate that the present study can provide new insight for practical designs and implementation of ultrafast LSFM, based on emerging laser-scanning techniques, e.g., ultrafast wavelength-swept sources, or optical time-stretch.
Scintillations in the imaging through turbulence

Fluctuations in the images of scenes viewed over large distances are the most obvious manifestation of the turbulence effects on the imaging of the incoherent objects. While the average or long-exposure imaging is arguably the most well studied topic of the optical propagation in turbulence, and substantial progress was also made in understanding the average short-exposure imaging, the image scintillations for complex extended scenes are not well understood. We discuss some available results of the image scintillation theory and report on some recent progress. We introduce the concept of the scintillation imaging, when unlike the conventional turbulence imaging techniques the variance of the series of images of the scene is calculated and used to gain information either about the object or about the turbulence on the propagation path. The third constraint in the turbulent PSF [1] plays a critical role in the scintillation imaging making scintillation images insensitive to the constant background and emphasizing the areas with higher local contrast. The bilinear structure of the Object-to-Variance (O2V) maps makes it impossible to use the analogues of the PSF or MTF for scintillation images and precludes development of the general theory of scintillation imaging. We discuss the fundamental properties of the O2V kernel and discuss four examples of scintillation images of simple objects. We present the measurement data where colored scintillation images of the edge were obtained. The variance distributions are normalized using the traditional long-exposure images to remove dependence on the object brightness. In this case scintillations are concentrated near the edge and carry information about the turbulence on the imaging path. The amplitude and width of these variance distributions are sensitive to the turbulence level and can be used as passive scintillometer without the need to deploy the laser source and receiver at both ends of the propagation path. Variance images of the object with sinusoidal brightness distribution consists of the uniform background and doublefrequency sinusoidal oscillations. It has the features consistent with turbulent super-resolution originally described in [2]. Namely, for unresolved object oscillating components disappears while the background persevere.
Cumulant-based blur identification approach to image restoration

In this paper, we provide a novel method based on higher order statistic cumulants to identify nonminimum-phase point spread functions and enlarges the possible distribution type of the image formation field. In our method, we specify the blur identification problem as an ARMA model parameter identification problem, but we consider the image model as a realization of a colored signal instead of a normal zero-mean white Gaussian signal, which enlarges the range of image types. For the colored input ARMA model, the contributions of the bicepstrum of ARMA model are only along the axes and 45 degree(s) degree lines, so we extract the linear parts of cumulant of blur image to analysis, in which we use higher-order statistic techniques to estimate the ARMA parameters. The experiments are present in this paper.
Ascorbate peroxidase 1 allows monitoring of cytosolic accumulation of effector-triggered reactive oxygen species using a luminol-based assay.

Biphasic production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been observed in plants treated with avirulent bacterial strains. The first transient peak corresponds to PTI (pattern-triggered immunity)-ROS, whereas the second long-lasting peak corresponds to ETI (effector-triggered immunity)-ROS. PTI-ROS are produced in the apoplast by plasma membrane-localized NADPH oxidases, and the recognition of an avirulent effector increases the PTI-ROS regulatory module, leading to ETI-ROS accumulation in the apoplast. However, how apoplastic ETI-ROS signaling is relayed to the cytosol is still unknown. Here, we found that in the absence of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase 1 (APX1), the second phase of ETI-ROS accumulation was undetectable in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) using luminol-based assays. In addition to being a scavenger of cytosolic H2O2, we discovered that APX1 served as a catalyst in this chemiluminescence ROS assay by employing luminol as an electron donor. A horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-mimicking APX1 mutation (APX1W41F) further enhanced its catalytic activity toward luminol, whereas an HRP-dead APX1 mutation (APX1R38H) reduced its luminol oxidation activity. The cytosolic localization of APX1 implies that ETI-ROS might accumulate in the cytosol. When ROS were detected using a fluorescent dye, green fluorescence was observed in the cytosol 6 h after infiltration with an avirulent bacterial strain. Collectively, these results indicate that ETI-ROS eventually accumulate in the cytosol, and cytosolic APX1 catalyzes luminol oxidation and allows monitoring of the kinetics of ETI-ROS in the cytosol. Our study provides important insights into the spatial dynamics of ROS accumulation in plant immunity.
Optimizing exercise testing‐based risk stratification to predict poor prognosis after acute heart failure

The timely selection of severe heart failure (HF) patients for cardiac transplantation and advanced HF therapy is challenging. Peak oxygen consumption (VO2) values obtained by the cardiopulmonary exercise testing are used to determine the transplant recipient list. This study reassessed the prognostic predictability of peak VO2 and compared it with the Heart Failure Survival Score (HFSS) in the modern optimized guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) era.
HIGH-RESOLUTION 6450-24500 A SPECTRA OF ETA CARINAE

We discuss high-resolution (Delta lambda/lambda approximately equals 3000-8600) spectra of the central knot or 'star' in eta Car between approximately 6450 and approximately 24,500 A, and of the Homunculus approximately 7 sec southeast of the knot between approximately 6450 and approximately 9250 A. A complete flux calibrated list of more than 170 emission lines is provided longward of approximately 8780 A, with additional measurements of the strongest forbidden lines and Fe II features down to approximately 6700 A. The continuum flux increased by a factor of approximately 1.6 to approximately 2.0 at 23,000 A compared to recent measurements, by remained the same at approximately 11,000 A. This brightening and reddening of the IR continuum was accompanied by stronger H I and He I lines, constant or slightly weaker Fe II and (Fe II) lines, and increased extinction to A(sub V) approximately 5 mag to 6 mag (from A(sub V) approximately less than 3.2 mag previously). The complex line profiles fall into two categories: (1) broad emission and sometimes blueshifted absorptions that form in a high-velocity wind reaching at least 700 km/s and (2) narrow emission cores that may be associated with a low-velocity (equatorial? ) wind with speeds approximately less than 100 km/s. The broad lines in the Homunculus have profiles and equivalent widths similar to the broad components in the know, but they are redshifted by approximately greater than 250 km/s due to rapid expansion of the reflecting dust. The reflected light spectrum of the Homunculus offers a better 'view' of the high-velocity wind because it is free of the many strong narrow lines in the knot. The range of excitation in both the high- and low-velocity regions encompasses He I recombination and Fe II emission, but excludes the lower ionization required for Fe I, the CO band heads, and the infrared Ca II triplet, which are not detected. The narrow forbidden lines indicate densities in excess of the critical densities, ranging from approximately 10(exp 4) to nearly 10(exp 7)/cu cm. The narrow permitted lines are slightly broader than the forbidden lines and probably form in a denser region nearer the central star. All of the strongest Fe II lines at wavelengths approximately greater than 7000 A, in both the broad and narrow-line regions, can be attributed to cascades from excited states that are 'pumped' by resonant absorption of H I Lyman alpha.
Near-field photoluminescence spectroscopy of InGaN films grown by molecular-beam epitaxy

The spatial and spectral distribution of photoluminescence from InGaN films grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy are studied by near-field scanning optical microscopy. The luminescence intensity is low in the vicinity of pits in the surface that are believed to be associated with dislocations. For 20% In, the emission is random on a submicron length scale, but clumps into micron-sized regions at 27% In. The clustering is quantified by calculating the image entropy. Near-field spectra indicate that the regions of high intensity are not due to a local increase in In. Spatial variations in the luminescence wavelength indicate that composition fluctuations are enhanced with increasing In.
Age-related brain atrophy is not a homogenous process: Different functional brain networks associate differentially with aging and blood factors

Significance The fields of immunology and neuroscience have evolved in isolation, partially justified by the view that the brain–blood barrier is impermeable, however, the newly developing science of aging has revealed that chronic, high levels of proinflammatory immune factors accelerate the aging process in the brain. MRI scans identify a decline in cortical volume as a marker for aging. We extracted a cytokine clock (CyClo) that was able to estimate physiological age based on the concentrations of a set of blood proteins that change throughout life. Canonical correlation analysis reveals that the variability in the volume of different functional cortical networks associates differentially with age, sex, and CyClo, suggesting selective vulnerabilities of certain functional networks to circulating levels of immune markers of aging.