Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Involvement of the Proximal C Terminus of the AMPA Receptor Subunit GluR1 in Dendritic Sorting

Studies on dendritic sorting of transmembrane proteins in hippocampal neurons in culture have shown that these cells use similar mechanisms as epithelial cells to sort transmembrane proteins to the basolateral membrane domain. However, information is still scarce with regard to which amino acidic sequences are required for dendritic sorting in neurons. The glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1) subunit of the AMPA receptor is present on the dendritic compartment of hippocampal neurons in culture. To identify the GluR1 sorting signal responsible for dendritic targeting, we have expressed the wild-type GluR1, a deletion mutant in the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail, and chimeric GluR1 proteins in hippocampal neurons using a calcium phosphate transfection method. The recombinant full-length GluR1 is polarized to the dendritic domain. Truncated GluR1 with a deletion of the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail is still delivered to the somatodendritic domain. However a chimeric protein made of the luminal and transmembrane domain of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) fused to the GluR1 C-terminal cytoplasmic tail (HaemR1) is detected in the somatodendritic domain. This finding indicates that the GluR1 C-terminal cytoplasmic tail contains a dendritic sorting signal, which redirects the axonal or axonal-dendritic protein HA to the dendritic compartment exclusively. Deletion analysis of HaemR1 shows that the proximal segment of the GluR1 C-terminal cytoplasmic tail contains a novel dendritic sorting signal.
Correlating open rating systems and lived experiences extraction from text

Event extraction is a very important task for research textual information. This task can be applied to various types of written text, e.g. news messages, blogs, manuscripts, and user reviews for products or services. In this paper, we report results about an experiment in correlating Event-based lived experience patterns obtained from machine reading, and ranking derived from open rating systems.
Metformin and its clinical use: new insights for an old drug in clinical practice

Metformin is generally recommended as first-line treatment in type 2 diabetes, especially in overweight patients, but in recent years new indications for its use have emerged. Metformin has been found to be safe and efficacious both as monotherapy and in combination with all oral antidiabetic agents and insulins. If metformin use during pregnancy and the lactation period is supported by few data, it could be indicated for women with polycystic ovary syndrome, since it could diminish circulating androgens and insulin resistance, thus ameliorating the ovulation rate. Metformin seems to reduce cancer risk, which appears to be increased in diabetics, and is a promising agent for oncoprevention and chemotherapy combinations. Moreover, metformin could find a place in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Lactic acidosis could be decreased by avoiding metformin use in patients with hypovolemia, sepsis, renal impairment, hypoxic respiratory diseases and heart failure, in the preoperative period and before intravenous injection of contrast media.
The Problematic of Homelessness and the Homeless in Australia

This paper explores how the creation of a population described as 'homeless', divided from the broad Australian community, has become a critical technology in defining and shaping the governing of the homeless. This process exposes the way in which discourse has been grounded in the deviance of the homeless rather than as a problem of homelessness. It considers how the social sciences in general, and research sector in particular, has contributed to this discourse. Through this analysis it is possible to expose the way in which such disciplines have been collaborators in the consequential failure of national policy to deliver on Australia's commitment as a signatory to the 1948 United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the 1966 Universal Pact for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which assert the fundamental right of individuals to adequate housing. The framework for this analysis is drawn from the concept of governmentality developed, and expanded upon, by Michel Foucault in the works Discipline and Punish (1977) and subsequently in the essay 'The Subject and Power' (1982) and Governmentality (1991). Key elements that underpin this theoretical framework are that of population and subject, power and authority. These elements are linked to, and are shaped by, the generation of knowledge itself in a feedback relationship.
Tracking on the Product Manifold of Shape and Orientation for Tractography from Diffusion MRI

Tractography refers to the process of tracing out the nerve fiber bundles from diffusion Magnetic Resonance Images (dMRI) data acquired either in vivo or ex-vivo. Tractography is a mature research topic within the field of diffusion MRI analysis, nevertheless, several new methods are being proposed on a regular basis thereby justifying the need, as the problem is not fully solved. Tractography is usually applied to the model (used to represent the diffusion MR signal or a derived quantity) reconstructed from the acquired data. Separating shape and orientation of these models was previously shown to approximately preserve diffusion anisotropy (a useful bio-marker) in the ubiquitous problem of interpolation. However, no further intrinsic geometric properties of this framework were exploited to date in literature. In this paper, we propose a new intrinsic recursive filter on the product manifold of shape and orientation. The recursive filter, dubbed IUKFPro, is a generalization of the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) to this product manifold. The salient contributions of this work are: (1) A new intrinsic UKF for the product manifold of shape and orientation. (2) Derivation of the Riemannian geometry of the product manifold. (3) IUKFPro is tested on synthetic and real data sets from various tractography challenge competitions. From the experimental results, it is evident that IUKFPro performs better than several competing schemes in literature with regards to some of the error measures used in the competitions and is competitive with respect to others.
Gramática contrastiva inglés-español

Se recogen en este volumen trabajos linguisticos de indole muy diversa, pero siempre con un factor comun: el analisis contrastivo de las lenguas inglesa y espanola. Aspectos concretos de lexico, la sintaxis, la fonologia, la retorica, la pragmatica, la traduccion o la ensenanza del ingles y el espanol aparecen analizados desde diversas perspectivas teoricas.
Genomewide association studies and assessment of the risk of disease.

Over the past 5 years, genomewide association studies have yielded a wealth of insight into genes and chromosomal loci that contribute to susceptibility to disease. This article, the second in the Genomic Medicine series, describes the design of these studies and considers the extent to which the data they provide are useful in predicting the risk of disease.
Synaptic Plasticity in Spinal Lamina I Projection Neurons That Mediate Hyperalgesia

Inflammation, trauma, or nerve injury may cause enduring hyperalgesia, an enhanced sensitivity to painful stimuli. Neurons in lamina I of the spinal dorsal horn that express the neurokinin 1 receptor for substance P mediate this abnormal pain sensitivity by an unknown cellular mechanism. We report that in these, but not in other nociceptive lamina I cells, neurokinin 1 receptor–activated signal transduction pathways and activation of low-threshold (T-type) voltage-gated calcium channels synergistically facilitate activity- and calcium-dependent long-term potentiation at synapses from nociceptive nerve fibers. Thereby, memory traces of painful events are retained.
On the Necessity of Empirical Studies in the Assessment of Modularization Mechanisms for Crosscutting Concerns

Collaborations are a frequently occurring class of cross-cutting concerns. Prior work has argued that collaborations are better implemented using collaboration languages (CLs) rather than AspectJ-like Languages (ALs). The main argument is that aspects flatten the object-oriented structure of a collaboration, and introduce more complexity rather than benefits - in other words, CLs and ALs differ with regard to program comprehension. To explore the effects of CL and AL modularization mechanisms on program comprehension, we propose to conduct a series of experiments. We present ideas on how to arrange such experiments that should serve as a starting point and foster a discussion with other researchers.
Three-dimensional mapping of peripapillary retinal layers using a spectral domain optical coherence tomography

Purpose To map and view the effects of age, gender, and axial length on seven individual retinal layers around the optic nerve head (ONH). Methods We scanned 242 healthy patients using the Spectralis spectral domain optical coherence tomography in an outpatient setting. The layers were observed on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study sectors using the standard Spectralis Family Acquisition Module 6.0. 11.0. The center was the ONH, the inner circle (IC) was 1–3 mm away, and the outer circle (OC) was 3–6 mm away. The seven layers were retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Additionally, we calculated the mean thickness of two combined layers: inner retinal layer (IRL) and photoreceptor layer (PL). Finally, we measured the mean of the total retinal thickness (TRT). Results The TRT was highest at the inferior end in the IC and at the nasal end in the OC. The RPE (p<0.001) and PL (p<0.001) were thicker in males; however, the IRL (p=0.015) was thicker in females. We found that the RNFL (p<0.001, r=0.139), GCL (p<0.001, r=0.116), IPL (p=0.016, r=0.059), INL (p<0.001, r=0.104), OPL (p=0.009, r=0.064), ONL (p<0.001, r=0.157), RPE (p=0.001, r=0.079), IRL (p<0.001, r=0.190), PL (p=0.030, r=0.053), and TRT (p<0.001, r=0.191) correlated negatively with age. The axial length significantly and negatively correlated at the GCL (p=0.003, r=0.093), IPL (p=0.020, r=0.072), INL (p=0.018, r=0.073), ONL (p<0.001, r=0.110), IRL (p=0.003, r=0.092), and TRT (p=0.003, r=0.094). We found poor reproducibility in the IC; however, this was excellent in the OC. Conclusion We found significant differences in layers according to age, gender, and axial length. Additionally, reproducibility can be improved by altering the algorithm to account for the ONH parameters.
Effects of Halothane and Propofol on Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission in Rat Cortical Neurons

General anesthetics are thought to act on both excitatory and inhibitory neuronal pathways at both post- and presynaptic sites. However, the literature in these regards is somewhat controversial. The aim of the present study was to reassess the relative importance of the various anesthetic actions using a common preparation. Rat cortical neurons in primary culture were used to record spontaneous miniature postsynaptic currents by the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Halothane at clinically relevant concentrations prolonged the decay phase of spontaneous miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) recorded in the presence of tetrodotoxin and at higher concentrations decreased the frequency of mIPSCs. The mIPSC amplitudes underwent little change. Spontaneous action potential-dependent IPSCs recorded in the absence of tetrodotoxin were similarly affected by halothane. Halothane also decreased the frequency of spontaneous miniature non-N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) as well as spontaneous action potential-dependent NMDA EPSCs and non-NMDA EPSCs without affecting their decay phase. The halothane effect on mIPSC and mEPSC frequency was dependent on the external calcium concentration. In contrast to halothane, the only effect of propofol was the prolongation of the decay phase of mIPSCs and IPSCs. The prolongation of mIPSCs and IPSCs by halothane and propofol coupled with the ineffectiveness on mEPSCs and EPSCs suggests a selective postsynaptic modulation of GABAA receptors. The additional calcium-dependent inhibition of mIPSC and mEPSC frequency by halothane (but not propofol) suggests a more general mechanism by this anesthetic on presynaptic transmitter release.
Design of dual-band power divider using shunt open-stubs with enhanced attenuation characteristics

This paper presents a dual-band power divider using shunt open-stubs with enhanced attenuation characteristics. The improved transmission responses are achieved by transmission zeros created from shunt open-stubs, and the center frequencies of two passbands are also controlled by the shunt open-stubs. Moreover, the proposed power divider has control of bandwidths in two passbands. The bandwidths of two passbands are adjusted by the characteristic impedance and the electrical length of the admittance inverter between shunt open-stubs. To demonstrate the proposed method, a dualband power divider is designed at center frequencies of 3.2GHz with the fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 10% and 4.8GHz with the FBW of 7%, respectively.
Association Between Cardiovascular Risk Profiles and the Presence and Extent of Different Types of Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque as Detected by Multidetector Computed Tomography

Objective—To assess the association between cardiovascular risk factors and extent of noncalcified- (NCAP), mixed- (MCAP), and calcified coronary atherosclerotic plaque (CAP). Methods and Results—In this cross-sectional study, we included consecutive subjects who presented with chest pain but had no history of coronary artery disease (CAD) and did not develop acute coronary syndrome. Contrast-enhanced 64-slice coronary MDCT was performed to determine the presence of NCAP, MCAP, and CAP for each coronary segment. Among 195 patients (91 women, mean age: 54.6±12.0) exclusively NCAP was detected in 11 patients (5.6%). The extent of NCAP decreased and the extent of MCAP and CAP increased with age (P=0.06, P=0.02, and P=0.13, respectively). Hyperlipidemia and family history of CAD were associated with the extent of NCAP after adjusting for other risk factors (P=0.02 and P=0.04, respectively) or for the extent of MCAP and CAP (P=0.02 and P=0.05, respectively). Conclusions—Our data suggest that only a small proportion of individuals have exclusively NCAP and indicate that the relation of NCAP and CAP changes with age. Among individual risk factors, hyperlipidemia and family history of CAD may be associated with the extent of NCAP. Larger observational trials are necessary to confirm our findings.
Prevalence of Cerebral Palsy in 8-Year-Old Children in Three Areas of the United States in 2002: A Multisite Collaboration

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to estimate the prevalence of cerebral palsy and cerebral palsy subtypes among children in 3 areas of the United States by using a population-based surveillance system. METHODS. Using methods developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program, investigators from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network conducted surveillance of cerebral palsy among 8-year-old children living in northern Alabama, metropolitan Atlanta, and southeastern Wisconsin in 2002 (N = 114897). Cross-sectional data were collected through retrospective record review from multiple sources. Cases were linked to birth certificate and census files to obtain additional information. Period prevalence estimates were calculated per 1000 children 8 years of age. RESULTS. The average prevalence of cerebral palsy across the 3 sites was 3.6 cases per 1000, with notably similar site-specific prevalence estimates (3.3 cases per 1000 in Wisconsin, 3.7 cases per 1000 in Alabama, and 3.8 cases per 1000 in Georgia). At all sites, prevalence was higher in boys than girls (overall boy/girl ratio: 1.4:1). Also, at all sites, the prevalence of cerebral palsy was highest in black non-Hispanic children and lowest in Hispanic children. At all sites, the prevalence among children living in low- and middle-income neighborhoods was higher than that among children living in high-income neighborhoods. Spastic cerebral palsy was the most common subtype (77% of all cases), with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy dominating the spastic group (70%). CONCLUSION. These findings contribute new knowledge to the epidemiology of cerebral palsy in the United States. The similarities in prevalence rates and patterns of cerebral palsy reported for 8-year-old children at 3 geographically distinct sites provide evidence of the reliability of the surveillance methods used by the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network.
Multi-antenna pre-equalization for single-carrier/TDD system

Severe frequency-selective fading, encountered in broadband wireless mobile communication, significantly degrades the single-carrier (SC) signal transmission performance. Multi-antenna frequency-domain pre-equalization (called pre-FDE) is presented for spread-spectrum single-carrier (SC) systems. At the transmitter, pre-FDE, with a transmit power constraint, is applied for each transmit antenna; no equalization function is necessary at the receiver. It is shown, by computer simulation, that pre-FDE transmission can provide significant improvement in the bit error rate (BER) performance in a frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channel and can achieve a BER performance close to that attainable by FDE reception. For a mobile communication system, the pre-FDE transmission for the downlink (base-to-mobile) and FDE reception for the uplink (mobile-to-base) can be implemented at a base station. This allows a simple implementation of mobile transceivers.
From regular expressions to nested words

There is growing interest in query language extensions for pattern matching over event streams and stored database sequences, due to the many important applications that such extensions make possible. The push for such extensions has led DBMS vendors and DSMS venture companies to propose Kleene-closure extensions of SQL standards, building on seminal research that demonstrated the effectiveness and amenability to efficient implementation of such constructs. These extensions, however powerful, suffer from limitations that severely impair their effectiveness in many real-world applications. To overcome these problems, we have designed the K*SQL language and system, based on our investigation of the nested words, which are recent models that generalize both words and trees. K*SQL extends the existing relational sequence languages, and also enables applications from other domains such as genomics, software analysis, and XML processing. At the same time, K*SQL remains extremely efficient, using our powerful optimizations for pattern search over nested words. Furthermore, we show that other sequence languages and XPath can be automatically translated into K*SQL, allowing for K*SQL to be also used as a high-performance query execution back-end for those languages. Therefore, K*SQL is a unifying SQL-based engine for sequence and XML queries, which provides novel optimization techniques for both.
Regularidades e emergência: notas sobre a explicação sociológica a partir de uma pesquisa não extensiva

When the purpose of comparative or intensive research is to explain, there may be hesitation regarding the suitability of these methods. Some of the critics are related with the small number and non-random selection of cases. We discuss the perspective of causality that underlies these criticisms, an empiricist model of explanation, and compare it with the concept of “emergent properties” developed by critical realism. We also consider the concepts of “aggregation effects” and “interdependency system” from methodological individualism. In the discussion of these different perspectives we tried to find conceptual tools that break with the empiricist notion of causality. Key-words: explanation, emergent properties, social sciences methodology.
Novel algorithm for enhancement of hand vein images based on adaptive filtering and retinex method

Based on adaptive filtering and retinex method, this paper presents a novel algorithm for Enhancement of hand vein images. First of all, the principle of the near-infrared hand vein image acquisition is introduced. Secondly, the retinex method is used to normalize hand vein images, and the adaptive smoothing method is selected to estimate the illumination. Thirdly, Gray cosine transform is used to enhance the discrimination of the skin and the vein in hand vein images. Finally, a determination criterion of hand vein is established to remove the false vein blocks from the segmented hand vein images. We developed a hand vein recognition system in Microsoft VC6.0 and the experimental results demonstrate the high efficiency of the proposed algorithm in runtime and correct recognition rate.
Beneficial impact of spironolactone in diabetic nephropathy.

BACKGROUND Aldosterone has been suggested to play a role in the initiation and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Currently recommended treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers [renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade] does not suppress circulating aldosterone sufficiently. We therefore aimed to evaluate the short-term effect of aldosterone antagonism with spironolactone on albuminuria and blood pressure in diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Twenty Caucasian type 1 diabetic patients with persistent macroalbuminuria despite antihypertensive treatment, including RAS blockade, completed this double-masked, randomized cross-over trial. Patients were treated in random order with spironolactone 25 mg once daily and matched placebo for two months, respectively, on top of usual antihypertensive treatment. After each treatment period albuminuria, 24-hour blood pressure, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were determined. RESULTS Spironolactone on top of usual antihypertensive treatment induced a 30% (95% CI 17 to 41) reduction in albuminuria from [geometric mean (95% CI)] 831 (624 to 1106) mg/24-hour on placebo treatment (P < 0.001), and a reduction in fractional albumin clearance of 35% (20 to 46, P < 0.001). Twenty-four-hour blood pressure showed an insignificant reduction of [mean reduction (95% CI)] 8 (-1 to 17)/3 (-0.2 to 7) mm Hg (P < 0.10). There was an insignificant reversible reduction in GFR during treatment with spironolactone. On spironolactone treatment, one patient was excluded due to hyperkalemia (plasma potassium 5.7 mmol/L) and one due to orthostatic dizziness. Otherwise treatment was well tolerated. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that spironolactone treatment on top of recommended antihypertensive treatment reduces blood pressure and may offer additional renoprotection in type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy.