Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
H3+ in diffuse interstellar gas

A model is constructed of the material in front of the star Cygnus OB2 no. 12 in which dense cores are embedded in diffuse clumps of gas. The model reproduces the measured abundances of C2 and CO, and predicts a column density of 9×1010 cm−2 for HCO+.
Inequalities between means of positive operators

One of the most fruitful – and natural – ways of introducing a partial order in the set of bounded self-adjoint operators in a Hilbert space is through the concept of a positive operator. A bounded self-adjoint operator A denned on is called positive – and one writes A ≥ 0 - if the inner product (ψ, Aψ) ≥ 0 for every ψ ∈ . If, in addition, (ψ, Aψ) = 0 only if ψ = 0, then A is called positive-definite and one writes A > 0. Further, if there exists a real number γ > 0 such that A — γI ≥ 0, I being the unit operator, then A is called strictly positive (in symbols, A ≫ 0). In a finite dimensional space, a positive-definite operator is also strictly positive.
On the mechanism of acceleration behavior of plasma bullet

Two special experiments are designed to study the mechanism of the acceleration behavior of a plasma bullet when it exits a nozzle. First, a T-shape device is used to simulate the air diffusion when a plasma plume exits the nozzle. It is found that adding just 1% of N2, O2, or air to the main working gas He results in the acceleration of the plasma bullet. Second, materials of different permittivity are added to the left part of the outside of the tube. The experimental results show that the plasma bullet accelerates at the moment when it enters into the right part of the tube where there is no extra material on the outside of the tube. These two experiments confirm that the acceleration behavior of the plasma bullet when it exits the nozzle is due to the air diffusion, hence Penning ionization, and the permittivity change when the bullet exits the nozzle, for example, from a tube with high permittivity to air with low permittivity. Besides, electric field measurements show that the electric field in the .
Effect of surface residual stress on the fracture of double cantilever beam fracture toughness specimen

This paper studies the influence of surface residual stress on the fracture of the double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens. The closed-form solutions of the energy release rate and the stress intensity factor are derived by using Timoshenko beam theory. Results show that positive residual surface stress and the root effect of the DCB enhance the energy release rate and the stress intensity factor. The root effect cannot be neglected if the thickness of the beam is at the nanoscale (e.g., less than 100 nm), even though the ratio of beam length to thickness is larger.
J/ψ photoproduction in ultra-peripheral PbPb collisions at √ sNN = 2.76 TeV with CMS

In ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions, photon-induced interactions between colliding nuclei occur at large impact parameters. In this thesis, a study of J/ψ photoproduction in ultra-peripheral PbPb collisions at √ sNN = 2.76 TeV is presented. This was carried out using data collected by the Compact Muon Solenoid in 2011. An integrated luminosity of 143 μb−1 was analyzed for this thesis using specifically designed triggers. The cross section for coherent J/ψ photoproduction in the single sided breakup mode, dσ J/ψ dy (Xn0n), was measured in the rapidity interval 2.0 < |y|< 2.2 and was found to be 356 ± 71 (stat) +43 −50 (syst) μb. The total cross section, after correcting for break-up mode, is found to be 1.80 ± 0.37 (stat) +0.22 −0.25 (syst) mb, in agreement with theoretical predictions and previous measurements by the ALICE collaboration. The cross section measurement is consistent with J/ψ photoproduction models that contain significant nuclear gluon shadowing. In addition, the correlation between the J/ψ’s and neutrons rapidities was measured and found to qualitatively agree with recent theoretical calculations. The measured rapidity correlation provides a way to distinguish between coherent and incoherent J/ψ photoproduction.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LOCAL TEMPERATURE AND THE LOCAL HEAT FLUX WITHIN A ONE-DIMENSIONAL SEMI-INFINITE DOMAIN FOR THE DUAL-LAG MODEL OF HEAT CONDUCTION

The relationship between the local temperature and the local heat flux has been established for the homogeneous heat equation, which takes into account the dual-phase-lag. This relationship has been written in the form of a convolution integral, involving the modified Bessel functions. Thus, the integral equation obtained has been solved numerically for processes of surface heating with time scale in the order of picoseconds. The results have been compared with the results obtained from the classical equation of heat conduction (parabolic heat transfer), the hyperbolic heat transfer equation with single-phase-lag, and the numerical solution of the heat equation with dual-phase-lag, which were obtained using the finite difference method.
Assessing the validity of weighted generalized estimating equations

The inverse probability weighted generalized estimating equations approach (Robins et al. 1994; Robins et al. 1995), effectively removes bias and provides valid statistical inference for regression parameter estimation in marginal models when longitudinal data contain missing values. The validity of the weighted generalized estimating equations regarding consistent estimation depends on whether the underlying missing data process is properly modelled. However, there is little work available to examine whether or not this condition holds. In this paper we propose a test constructed from two sets of estimating equations: one set is known to be unbiased, but the other set is not known. We utilize the quadratic inference function (Qu et al. 2000) method to assess their compatibility, which is equivalent to testing for the validity of the weighted generalized estimating equations approach. We conduct simulation studies to assess the performance of the proposed method. The test procedure is illustrated through a real data example. Copyright 2011, Oxford University Press.
De-noising of high-resolution ECG signals by combining the discrete wavelet transform with the Wiener filter

In this study the authors applied a combination of the discrete wavelet transform and the Wiener filter to the noise-reduction of high-resolution ECG signals. The procedure is optimal in the least squares sense in that it separates a signal from additive noise. It was compared to a popular de-noising algorithm by Donoho (1993) on artificially generated signals and on a high-resolution ECG signal corrupted by noise.
Electronic structure of titanium monoxide

The electronic structure of the monoclinic phase of titanium monoxide and a vacancy-free rock-salt phase have been investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray emission spectroscopy techniques. For the investigation of the monoclinic structure type, polycrystalline samples of titanium monoxide were used. The samples of the vacancy-free rock-salt structure have been obtained by annealing monoclinic titanium monoxide at high temperature and pressure. The x-ray powder diffraction pattern of both types of samples revealed single-phase crystals without any substructures. The x-ray photoelectron valence band spectra reveal that the upper, mainly Ti $3d$-derived, part of the valence band is split and that the lower, mostly O $2p$-derived, band exhibits three features. A combined representation of the photoelectron valence band spectrum of the monoclinic phase and O ${K}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}},$ Ti ${L}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}},$ and Ti ${K}_{\ensuremath{\beta}5}$ x-ray emission spectra shows that titanium and oxygen states are hybridized over almost the full valence band region, without a gap. The valence band of the vacancy-free rock-salt phase was found to be wider than that of the monoclinic phase. The experimentally obtained valence band density of states are compared with recent band structure calculations. In addition, we present spectra of the O $1s$ and Ti $2p$ core levels and show the effects of a gradual oxidation of the sample on these spectra.
Planar Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities and transition to turbulence

Extensive recent work has demonstrated that predictive under-resolved simulations of the velocity fields in turbulent flows are possible without resorting to explicit subgrid models. When using a class of physics-capturing high-resolution finite-volume numerical algorithms. This strategy is denoted implicit large eddy simulation (ILES, MILES). The performance of ILES in the substantially more difficult problem of under-resolved material mixing driven by under-resolved velocity fields and initial conditions (ICs) is a focus of the present work. Progress is presented in analyzing the effects of IC combined spectral content and thickness parametrizations. In the large eddy simulation (LES). the large energy containing structures are resolved, the smaller, presumably more isotropic, structures are filtered out, and effects of subgrid scales (SGS) are modeled. ILES effectively addresses the seemingly insurmountable issues posed to LES by under-resolution. by relying on the use of SGS modeling and filtering provided implicitly by a class of physics capturing numerics; extensive verification and validation in areas of engineering. geophysics. and astrophysics has been reported. In many areas of interest such as. inertial confinement fusion. understanding the collapse of the outer cores of supernovas. and supersonic combustion engines, vorticity is introduced at material interfaces by the impulsive loading of shock waves.more » and turbulence is generated via Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities (RMI). Given that ILES is based on locally-adaptive, non-oscillatory. finite-volume methods it is naturally suited to emulate shock physics. The unique combination of shock and turbulence emulation capabilities supports direct use of ILES as an effective simulation anzatz for RMI. Here, we further test this approach using a particular strategy based on a nominally-inviscid, Schmidt number {approx} 1, simulation model that uses the LANL RAGE code to investigate planar RMI. Issues of initial material interface characterization and modeling difficulties, and effects of IC resolved spectral content on transitional and late-time turbulent mixing were examined in our previous work. The focus here is to carry out a systematic analysis of effects of combined IC spectral content and thickness. « less
Towards a method to determine the glottal formant parameters of voiced speech without time-domain references

This paper presents an approach to estimate the glottal formant parame- ters of the voicing source in the frequency-domain. The method is based on a simplified pole-zero interpretation of the prevalent Liljencrants-Fant (LF) model of glottal flow, and gives approximations for a broad range of pulses shapes. An advantage of the method is that, unlike other methods, it does not rely on time-domain references.
Finite Element Method Analysis of the coupling effect between superconducting filaments of different aspect ratio

Using 3D finite element method (FEM) modelling, the present work investigates the coupling effect between two finite superconductors through a resistive matrix. This effect, related to the finite length of the conductors, is typically three-dimensional and cannot be analysed by the widely utilized 2D models. Superconductors are modelled with the nonlinear power-law E = Ec(J/Jc)n, which has been implemented in the FEM software. The main focus is to demonstrate the feasibility of such calculations and to establish the correlation between the coupling effect and the aspect ratio of the conductor cross-section, in order to extend the existing theory, which is only precise for superconductors of infinite slabs, fully penetrated by the magnetic field. The effect of other parameters such as the conductor length and the gap between the superconducting filaments is also considered. The latter is a parameter which does not feature in the approximate theories.
Power-law dependence describing subharmonic generation from a non-spherically oscillating bubble

: In this paper, we propose a technique to detect the surface oscillation of an attached bubble with radius ranging from 20 to 200 m m in an acoustic standing wave using a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) and a high-speed camera. The threshold condition, where the surface oscillation mode of the bubble was excited, was investigated for three diﬀerent driving frequencies of 28, 39, and 81 kHz. Frequency spectrum analyses of bubble oscillation measured by the LDV and the images of the bubble simultaneously obtained by the high-speed camera experimentally demonstrated that the surface oscillation was excited when the power-law dependence (cid:2) R f th ¼ AR B 0 was satisﬁed. Here, R 0 is the initial bubble radius and (cid:2) R f th is the oscillation displacement of the bubble for the fundamental frequency of the incident ultrasound under the threshold condition where the displacement for the subharmonic component abruptly increased. Interestingly, the coeﬃcient B was independent of the driving frequency. This result suggests that the proposed system can be used to check the validity of current models of surface instability on an oscillating bubble.
Evolutionary Games on Weighted Newman–Watts Small-World Networks

We investigate the evolutionary prisoner's dilemma game (PDG) on weighted Newman–Watts (NW) networks. In weighted NW networks, the link weight wij is assigned to the link between the nodes i and j as: wij = (κi · κj)β, where κi(κj) is the degree of node i(j) and β represents the strength of the correlations. Obviously, the link weight can be tuned by only one parameter β. We focus on the cooperative behavior and wealth distribution in the system. Simulation results show that the cooperator frequency is promoted by a large range of β and there is a minimal cooperation frequency around β = – 1. Moreover, we also employ the Gini coefficient to study the wealth distribution in the population. Numerical results show that the Gini coefficient reaches its minimum when β ≈ – 1. Our work may be helpful in understanding the emergence of cooperation and unequal wealth distribution in society.
Design and performance of a new ophthalmic instrument for dynamic light‐scattering measurements in the human eye

A new optical instrument for in vivo dynamic light‐scattering measurements in the human eye is described. The instrument is based on the well‐known dynamic light‐scattering technique. Results can be obtained from the anterior as well as the posterior segment with high spatial resolution and sensitivity. This instrument allows, to our knowledge for the first time, in vivo measurements of dynamic light scattering to be performed in the vitreous. Interesting performance is obtained using single‐mode optical fibers to guide the excitation and the scattered light resulting in a modular, compact system with high‐beam quality and electrical insulation of the patient. The instrument demonstrates good safety characteristics (the optical power impinging the patient’s eye is 36 times below the maximum laser power at the cornea, recommended for intrapupil exposure by ANSI standard). To demonstrate the possible clinical use of this technique, in vivo measurements were made and the results compared with the known eye p.
Non-Recessed-Gate Enhancement-Mode AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors with High RF Performance

We fabricated non-recessed-gate enhancement-mode (E-mode) AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with a gate length Lg of 120 nm. As gate metals, Ni/Pt/Au and Mo/Pt/Au were used. The Ni/Pt/Au-gate HEMTs with rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at 500°C were normally-off at a gate-source voltage Vgs of 0 V, indicating E-mode operation. Moreover, the Mo/Pt/Au-gate HEMTs also showed E-mode device operation without RTA. The fabricated E-mode HEMTs with both gate metals showed high RF performance. We obtained a cutoff frequency fT of more than 50 GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency fmax of approximately 100 GHz.
A deconvolution extraction method for 2D multi-object fibre spectroscopy based on the regularized least-squares QR-factorization algorithm

This paper presents an efﬁcient method for the extraction of astronomical spectra from two-dimensional (2D) multiﬁbre spectrographs based on the regularized least-squares QR-factorization (LSQR) algorithm. We address two issues: we propose a modiﬁed Gaussian point spread function (PSF) for modelling the 2D PSF from multi-emission-line gas-discharge lamp images (arc images), and we develop an efﬁcient deconvolution method to extract spectra in real circumstances. The proposed modiﬁed 2D Gaussian PSF model can ﬁt various types of 2D PSFs, including different radial distortion angles and ellipticities. We adopt the regularized LSQR algorithm to solve the sparse linear equations constructed from the sparse convolution matrix, which we designate the deconvolution spectrum extraction method. Furthermore, we implement a parallelized LSQR algorithm based on graphics processing unit programming in the Compute Uniﬁed Device Architecture to accelerate the computational processing. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed extraction method can greatly reduce the computational cost and memory use of the deconvolution method and, consequently, increase its efﬁciency and practicability. In addition, the proposed extraction method has a stronger noise tolerance than other methods, such as the boxcar (aperture) extraction and proﬁle extraction methods. Finally, we present an analysis of the sensitivity of the extraction results to the radius and full width at half-maximum of the 2D PSF.
Compuational Algorithm of Fuzzy Stochastic Model for Forecasting

In our daily life, often we use forecasting techniques to predict weather, economy, population growth, stock, etc. In recent years, many fuzzy time series methods are developed for forecasting of enrollments of Universities. Song and Chissom (1993) were the pioneers in studying such type of problems. Shiva Raj Sing (2007) presented a simple time variant method for forecasting the enrollment of the University of Alabama using fuzzy time series. Forecasts are needed only if there is uncertainty about the future. In this paper develop the modified algorithm to forecast enrollment for the same data set and compared with existing methods. The proposed method shows the better forecasting accuracy rate for enrollments, compared than other methods.
A practical application of L1 deconvolution for medical ultrasound

The L1 norm (absolute error minimization) deconvolution was applied to medical ultrasound. Its implementation requires a large amount of memory and computing time. A quadrature form of L1 norm deconvolution was derived for narrowband signals, which not only greatly reduced the size of the problem but also lessened the effects of undersampling on medium reflectivities. Preliminary tests on simulated and experimental data showed that L1 norm method performs very well even in the presence of a moderate noise level for both RF and quadrature signals. The time and memory saving in the latter algorithm is remarkable. <<ETX>>
Provably good algorithms for performance-driven global routing

The authors propose a provably good performance-driven global routing algorithm for both cell-based and building block design. The approach is based on a new bounded-radius minimum routing free formulation, which simultaneously minimizes both routing cost and the longest interconnection path, so that both are bounded by small constant factors away from optimal. The authors' method generalizes to Steiner global routing in arbitrary weighted graphs, and to the case where varying wirelength bounds are prescribed for different source-sink paths. Extensive simulations confirmed that the approach gave very good performance, and exhibited a smooth tradeoff between the competing requirements of minimum delay and minimum total wirelength. <<ETX>>
An Ordinal I Scaling Method for Questionnaire and Other Ordinal I Data

This paper reports the development and application of a method for ordering persons and items (or stim uli) when responses are ordinal. The method applies most directly to data where responses are dichoto mous, indicating agreement or acceptableness or simi larity, and can be assumed to reflect proximity rather than dominance. It orders rows and columns of the re sponse matrix into "parallelogram" form, using pair- wise interchange procedures, followed by other steps. The method was applied to several sets of question naire data and one set of archeological data, with rea sonable success. Other applications and extensions are suggested. Index terms: Dichotomous responses, Interchange methods, Ordinal scaling, Parallelogram scaling, Proximity data, Questionnaire responses.
The binary knapsack problem: solutions with guaranteed quality

Binary knapsack problems are some of the most widely studied problems in combinatorial optimization. Several algorithms, both exact and approximate are known for this problem. In this paper, we embed heuristics within a branch and bound framework to produce an algorithm that generates solutions with guaranteed quality within very short times. We report computational experiments that show that for the more difficult strongly correlated problems, our algorithm can generate solutions within 0.01% of the optimal solution in less than 10% of the time required by exact algorithms.
Scale measures for bandwidth selection

Both high tech and also quick and dirty methods for selecting the bandwidth of a kernel density estimator are usually based on measures of scale. An example is given to illustrate how the usual scale measures can be arbitrarily bad. This motivates development of several improved scale measures. These are assessed through simulation, and experience with a real data set. Our best scale measure works at least as well as all other proposals in nearly all settings, and is much better quite often.
Shell Model Estimate of Nuclear Electric Dipole Moments

Nuclear electric dipole moments (EDMs) and Schiff moments for the lowest 1/2 + states around the mass 130 are calculated in terms of the nuclear shell model. We estimate the upper limits of the nuclear EDMs, which may be directly measured through ionic atoms. The nuclear EDM of each nucleus is slightly quenched from its single-particle estimate due to many-body effects. We also estimate the upper limit for the EDM of neutral 129 Xe atom using the Schiff moment. Subject Index: 203
Effect of Load Carriage Lifestyle on Kinematics and Kinetics of Gait

Backpacks are commonly worn by many people for multiple purposes. This study investigated the effects of habitual wearing of backpacks on lower limb kinematics and kinetics. Fourteen participants were recruited for analysis. All participants performed four randomly assigned scenarios, including running and walking at speeds of 3.5 and 1.5 m/s, respectively, with and without load carriage. The motion analysis system and force plate were used to investigate the lower limb kinematics and kinetics. A paired sample t-test was performed for statistical measurement with a significance level of α = . 05. The results indicated that active force, breaking force, impact peak, loading rate, active peak, maximum braking, hip flexion, and hip range of motion were substantially higher under load carriage conditions than under walking condition, however, time to peak was lower. Conversely, during load carriage running, active force, braking impulse, time to peak, ankle plantarflexion, and ankle range of motion were all higher than those during running. Carrying a backpack weighing 10% of the body weight induced different foot strike patterns at both speeds; during load carriage walking, the hip tended to flex more; whereas, during load carriage running, the ankle tended to flex more. In conclusion, human body seems to adopt different gait strategies during load carriage walking and running. That is, the hip strategy is used during walking, while the ankle strategy is used during running.