Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examining the Impact of Service-Learning among Preservice Teachers.

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of service learning by integrating service learning into an undergraduate educational psychology course with the course and instructor held constant. The study was designed to assess academic and affective outcomes by combining both qualitative and quantitative measures. Students in two sections of a required course participated in this study. Both sections were taught by the same instructors, but one section (n=27) was required to write two papers based on recent research in the areas of learning and motivation, and the other section (n=16) was required to do a service learning project in a local elementary school working with the children in various capacities. Although the results were not statistically significant, the mean course grade for the service learning group was higher than that of the control group. When affective outcomes were compared, a significant difference was found for civic responsibility. Students' qualitative responses also revealed the positive impact of the service learning activities. (Contains 21 references.) (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Examining the Impact of Service-Learning Among Preservice Teachers `Zr N M U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION kr) Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) AThis document has been reproduced as W received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
Hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccination responses in persons with chronic hepatitis C infections: A review of the evidence and current recommendations.

UNLABELLED In persons with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, superinfection by hepatitis A virus (HAV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV) can cause serious complications, including fulminating hepatitis or increased severity of hepatitis. Therefore, it is important to adequately protect persons with chronic HCV infections by immunization. Suboptimal response to vaccines has been reported in patients with chronic liver disease. The present article reviews HAV and HBV vaccine responses reported in the literature when administered to individuals with chronic HCV infection, and reviews current national and international recommendations. RESULTS Persons with chronic HCV respond well to HAV vaccine, but studies exploring HBV vaccine efficacy in this population have equivocal results. Vaccine schedules and participant characteristics differ among studies, and most do not adjust for confounders. Some studies found no difference in HBV vaccine response between patients with chronic HCV and controls. However, HBV vaccine response was generally reduced in those with cirrhosis and HCV genotype 1. Organizations recommend HAV and HBV vaccines for persons with chronic HCV, but do not suggest alterations in schedule or dose. RECOMMENDATIONS Because HAV vaccine response is good and routine laboratory testing may not detect lower levels of vaccine-induced anti-HAV, the standard HAV vaccine schedule is recommended without postimmunization testing. HBV vaccine should be administered early in the course of chronic HCV infection because response may be lower in patients with cirrhosis. Reflex testing of anti-HCV reactive sera for anti-HAV and hepatitis B surface antibody can facilitate appropriate follow-up and timely immunization. Determination of postimmunization hepatitis B surface antibody, especially in patients with cirrhosis or genotype 1, will allow HBV vaccine boosters to be offered.
Crime and Punishment: Teen Sexting in Context

INTRODUCTION 136 I. PLACING TEEN SEXTING IN PERSPECTIVE 138 A. The Faces of Teen Sexters 138 B. The Scope of Teen Sexting and the Overt Sexualization of Teens 140 C. The Overt Sexualization of Teens 142 II. TEEN SEXTING RELATIVE TO THE COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT OF TEENS 143 III. FEDERAL CHILD PORNOGRAPHY LAW AND TEEN SEXTING . 146 IV. STATE COURTS AND LEGISLATURES RESPOND TO TEEN SEXTING 150 A. State Cases 150 B. State Legislative Responses 159 V. CONSTRUCTING A MEASURED RESPONSE TO TEEN SEXTING . 168 A. Scholarship Review 168 B. Recognizing a Zone of Teen Privacy 173 C. Creating a Teen Sexting Legal Framework 175 D. Proposed Teen Sexting Statute 175 CONCLUSION 181
Importance of Cerebral Artery Recanalization in Patients With Stroke With and Without Neurological Improvement After Intravenous Thrombolysis

Background and Purpose— Recanalization status after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in patients with ischemic stroke is a reference point to proceed with a rescue reperfusion intervention, although early neurological improvement (NI) may preclude endovascular procedures. We aimed to evaluate the importance of restoration of blood flow at the arterial occlusion site in subgroups of patients with stroke stratified by early NI after IVT. Methods— The following patients were recruited from the Safe Implementation of Treatment in Stroke-International Stroke Thrombolysis Register: (1) with baseline vessel occlusion documented by computed tomographic (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) angiography and follow-up angioimaging between 22 and 36 hours after IVT available; and (2) with dense cerebral artery sign on admission CT scan and results of follow-up CT reported. Recanalization at 24 hours was defined as absence of vessel occlusion or as resolution of dense cerebral artery sign on follow-up 22- to 36-hour imaging. NI was assessed at 2 hours and 24 hours after IVT and was defined as improvement by 20% from baseline National Institute of Health Stroke scale score. Primary outcome measure was independence, defined as modified Rankin scale score 0 to 2 after 3 months. Results— Of 28136 cases registered between December 2003 and November 2009, 5324 cases (19%) met the inclusion criteria. Patients with both NI at 2 hours post-treatment and vessel recanalization had the best chances to achieve independence at 3 months (adjusted odds ratio, 15.8; 95% confidence interval, 12.5–20.0), followed by those who had NI despite persistent occlusion (adjusted odds ratio, 4.7; 95% confidence interval, 3.6–6.1); and those without NI despite recanalization (adjusted odds ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.2–3.3). Conclusions— Recanalization of an occluded artery in acute stroke is associated with favorable functional outcome both in patients with and without NI after IVT. In future evaluations of mechanical thrombectomy and other additional strategies, recanalization should be considered in patients with persisting occlusion after IVT even after significant NI.
Can Threatened Languages Be Saved? Reversing Language Shift, Revisited: A 21st Century Perspective. Multilingual Matters 116.

Preface: Reversing Language Shift 1. Why is it so hard to save a threatened language? Joshua A. FishmanTHE AMERICAS: 2. Reversing Navajo Language Shift, Revisited Tiffany Lee (Stanford Univ) & Daniel McLaughlin (Dine College) 3. How Threatened is the Spanish of New York Puerto Ricans? Ofelia Garcia (Long Island Univ) Jose Luis Morin (City Univ of New York) & Klaudia Rivera (Long Island Univ) 4. A Decade in the Life of a Two-in-One Language - Yiddish in New York City Joshua A. Fishman 5. Reversing Language Shift in Quebec Richard Y. Bourhis (Universite du Quebec a Montreal) 6. Otomi language shift and some recent efforts to reverse it Yolanda Lastra (Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico) 7. Reversing Quechua language shift in South America Nancy H. Hornberger (Univ of Pennsylvania) & Kendall A. King (New York Univ). EUROPE: 8. Irish Language Production and Reproduction 1981-1996 Padraig O Riagain (Institiuid Teangeolaiochta Eireann) 9. A Frisian Update of Reversing Language Shift Durk Gorter (Fryske Academy) 10. Reversing Language Shift: The Case of Basque Maria-Jose Azurmendi (Univ of the Basque Country), Erramun Bachoc (Basque Cultural Institute), Francisca Zabeleta (Public University of Navarre) 11. Catalan A Decade Later Miquel Strubell (Universitat Oberta de Catalunya) . AFRICA AND ASIA: 12. Saving Threatened Languages in Africa: A Case Study of Oko Efurosibina Adegbija (Univ of Ilorin, Nigeria) 13. Andamanese: Biological Challenge for Language Reversal E. Annamalai & V. Gnanasundaram (C.I.I.L, Mysore) 14. "Akor Itak" Our Language, Your Language - Ainu in Japan John C. Maher (International Christian Univ, Tokyo) 15. Hebrew After a Century of RLS Efforts Bernard Spolsky (Bar-Illan Univy) & Elana Shohamy (Tel Aviv Univ). THE PACIFIC: 16. Can the Shift from Immigrant Languages be Reversed in Australia? Michael Clyne (Monash Univ) 17. Is the Extinction of Australia's Indigenous Languages Inevitable? Joseph Lo Bianco & Mari Rhydwen (National Language and Literacy Institute of Australia) 18: RLS in Aotearoa/New Zealand 1989-1999 Richard & Nena Benton (Waikato University). CONCLUSIONS: 19: From Theory to Practice (and Vice Versa): Review, Reconsideration and Reiteration Joshua A. Fishman
Open Source Communities as Social Networks: An Analysis of Some Peculiar Characteristics

In this research, we focus the attention on some of the most successful open source (OS) projects. We are interested in studying the characteristics of the social networks comprising these popular and mature OS developer communities. By examining developers mailing lists (MLs), we adopt some social network analysis (SNA) measures to evaluate interactions among community members. A knowledge of these relationships is useful for a better understanding of communication flows among team members and whether there is someone coordinating, controlling and facilitating the information process.
Plant‐adapted green fluorescent protein is a versatile vital reporter for gene expression, protein localization and mitosis in the filamentous fungus, Aspergillus nidulans

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a useful reporter to follow the in vivo behaviour of proteins, but the wild‐type gfp gene does not function in many organisms, including many plants and filamentous fungi. We show that codon‐modified forms of gfp, produced for use in plants, function effectively in Aspergillus nidulans both as gene expression reporters and as vital reporters for protein location. To demonstrate the use of these modified gfps as reporter genes we have used fluorescence to follow ethanol‐induced GFP expression from the alcA promoter. Translational fusions with the modified gfp were used to follow protein location in living cells; plant ER‐retention signals targeted GFP to the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas fusion to the GAL4 DNA‐binding domain targeted it to the nucleus. Nuclear‐targeted GFP allowed real‐time observation of nuclear movement and division. These modified gfp genes should provide useful markers to follow gene expression, organelle behaviour and protein trafficking in real time.
Systematic mapping of the state dependence of voltage- and Ca2+-dependent inactivation using simple open-channel measurements

The state from which channel inactivation occurs is both biologically and mechanistically critical. For example, preferential closed-state inactivation is potentiated in certain Ca2+ channel splice variants, yielding an enhancement of inactivation during action potential trains, which has important consequences for short-term synaptic plasticity. Mechanistically, the structural substrates of inactivation are now being resolved, yielding a growing library of molecular snapshots, ripe for functional interpretation. For these reasons, there is an increasing need for experimentally direct and systematic means of determining the states from which inactivation proceeds. Although many approaches have been devised, most rely upon numerical models that require detailed knowledge of channel-state topology and gating parameters. Moreover, prior strategies have only addressed voltage-dependent forms of inactivation (VDI), and have not been readily applicable to Ca2+-dependent inactivation (CDI), a vital form of regulation in numerous contexts. Here, we devise a simple yet systematic approach, applicable to both VDI and CDI, for semiquantitative mapping of the states from which inactivation occurs, based only on open-channel measurements. The method is relatively insensitive to the specifics of channel gating and does not require detailed knowledge of state topology or gating parameters. Rather than numerical models, we derive analytic equations that permit determination of the states from which inactivation occurs, based on direct manipulation of data. We apply this methodology to both VDI and CDI of CaV1.3 Ca2+ channels. VDI is found to proceed almost exclusively from the open state. CDI proceeds equally from the open and nearby closed states, but is disfavored from deep closed states distant from the open conformation. In all, these outcomes substantiate and enrich conclusions of our companion paper in this issue (Tadross et al. 2010. J. Gen. Physiol. doi:10.1085/jgp.200910308) that deduces endpoint mechanisms of VDI and CDI in CaV1.3. More broadly, the methods introduced herein can be readily generalized for the analysis of other channel types.
Wirelength driven I/O buffer placement for flip-chip with timing-constrained

Flip-chip package provides the highest chip density because I/O buffers in it could be placed anywhere inside a chip. The assignment of bump pads, I/O buffers and I/O pins will affect the satisfaction of timing requirement inside die core. In this paper, we proposed an effective three-step hierarchical approach to satisfy the timing-constrained I/O buffer placement in an area-I/O flip-chip design, meanwhile, wirelength could be optimized. First of all, I/O buffers are inserted to the floorplan plane greedily, and then, the wirelength between I/O buffers and I/O pins are optimized by a fixed-outline floorplanning algorithm. Secondly, a network flow model is conducted, and a min-cost-max-flow algorithm is used to assign I/O pins, I/O buffers and bump pads. Finally, the timing constraints are translated to length constraints, the results that satisfy timing constraints are selected. The experimental results show that, under the given timing constraints, higher timing-constrained satisfaction ratio (TCSR) is obtained, and the reduction of total wirelength is 14% on average.
Automatic Reconstruction of Spacecraft 3D Shape from Imagery

We describe a system that computes the three-dimensional (3D) shape of a spacecraft from a sequence of uncalibrated, two-dimensional images. While the mathematics of multi-view geometry is well understood, building a system that accurately recovers 3D shape from real imagery remains an art. A novel aspect of our approach is the combination of algorithms from computer vision, photogrammetry, and computer graphics. We demonstrate our system by computing spacecraft models from imagery taken by the Air Force Research Laboratory’s XSS-10 satellite and DARPA’s Orbital Express satellite. Using feature tie points (each identified in two or more images), we compute the relative motion of each frame and the 3D location of each feature using iterative linear factorization followed by non-linear bundle adjustment. The “point cloud” that results from this traditional shape-from-motion approach is typically too sparse to generate a detailed 3D model. Therefore, we use the computed motion solution as input to a volumetric silhouette-carving algorithm, which constructs a solid 3D model based on viewpoint consistency with the image frames. The resulting voxel model is then converted to a facet-based surface representation and is texture-mapped, yielding realistic images from arbitrary viewpoints. We also illustrate other applications of the algorithm, including 3D mensuration and stereoscopic 3D movie generation.
Chronic Iron Administration Increases Vascular Oxidative Stress and Accelerates Arterial Thrombosis

Background—Iron overload has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemic cardiovascular events. However, the effects of iron excess on vascular function and the thrombotic response to vascular injury are not well understood. Methods and Results—We examined the effects of chronic iron dextran administration (15 mg over 6 weeks) on thrombosis, systemic and vascular oxidative stress, and endothelium-dependent vascular reactivity in mice. Thrombus generation after photochemical carotid artery injury was accelerated in iron-loaded mice (mean time to occlusive thrombosis, 20.4±8.5 minutes; n=10) compared with control mice (54.5±35.5 minutes, n=10, P =0.009). Iron loading had no effect on plasma clotting, vessel wall tissue factor activity, or ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Acute administration of dl-cysteine, a reactive oxygen species scavenger, completely abrogated the effects of iron loading on thrombus formation, suggesting that iron accelerated thrombosis through a pro-oxidant mechanism. Iron loading enhanced both systemic and vascular reactive oxygen species production. Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation was impaired in iron-loaded mice, indicating reduced NO bioavailability. Conclusions—Moderate iron loading markedly accelerates thrombus formation after arterial injury, increases vascular oxidative stress, and impairs vasoreactivity. Iron-induced vascular dysfunction may contribute to the increased incidence of ischemic cardiovascular events that have been associated with chronic iron overload.
BMP Responsiveness in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are well known to induce bone formation in animal models and can promote osteogenesis in cultures of multipotential mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) isolated from rat and mouse bone marrow. However, clinical trials of BMPs suggest that BMPs are relatively ineffective inducers of osteogenesis in humans. Recent studies from our lab indicate that when human bone marrow MSC are placed in primary culture, osteogenesis can be induced by dexamethasone (Dex), but not by BMP-2, -4, or -7. We have therefore investigated components of BMP signaling pathways in human MSC. First passage cells, derived from the bone marrow of patients undergoing hip replacement surgery, were cultured with ascorbate phosphate and treated with 100 nM dexamethasone (Dex), 100 ng/ml BMP, or both. After 6 days, alkaline phosphatase activity of cell extracts was measured, and RNA was extracted for RT-PCR analysis of mRNA levels. Among human MSC samples from more than a dozen patients, only one patient sample showed significantly elevated alkaline phosphatase after exposure to BMP; the rest responded to Dex but not BMP. Analysis of mRNA from cultured human MSC indicated that, while Dex treatment caused increased levels of mRNA for alkaline phosphatase, BMP did not. Noggin is a BMP-binding protein that is upregulated by BMPs. BMP-treated human MSC cultures that did not show increased alkaline phosphatase did express elevated levels of noggin mRNA, indicating that the cells are capable of some BMP response. Our results suggest that BMP signaling in mesenchymal stem cells utilizes more than one system for transcriptional activation. The inability of most human MSC to activate transcription of the alkaline phosphatase gene implies that a defect exists in the system required for induction of the osteoblast phenotype.
Local Key Estimation From an Audio Signal Relying on Harmonic and Metrical Structures

In this paper, we present a method for estimating the progression of musical key from an audio signal. We address the problem of local key finding by investigating the possible combination and extension of different previously proposed approaches for global key estimation. In this work, key progression is estimated from the chord progression. Specifically, we introduce key dependency on the harmonic and the metrical structures. A contribution of our work is that we address the problem of finding an analysis window length for local key estimation that is adapted to the intrinsic music content of the analyzed piece by introducing information related to the metrical structure in our model. Key estimation is not performed on empirically chosen segments but on segments that are expressed in relationship with the tempo period. We evaluate and analyze our results on two databases of different styles. We systematically analyze the influence of various parameters to determine factors important to our model, we study the relationships between the various musical attributes that are taken into account in our work, and we provide case study examples.
Detecting near collisions for satellites

A highly efficient algorithm is presented for detecting near collisions involving satellites. Rather than examine all possible pairings of a satellite with another orbiting object, the new approach examines trajectories at a sequence of coarse time steps. Objects which are spatially isolated cannot be involved in a collision, and are discarded. The time steps, orbit calculations, and discarding are repeatedly refined until the only remaining objects experience near collisions.
High-performance low-power sensing scheme for nanoscale SRAMs

SRAMs in nanoscale CMOS technology suffer from plethora of design challenges such as increased process variation, increased leakage current and variation in the cell current that threatens the reliability of sensing scheme. These issues coupled with continuous increase in the SRAMs size, requires additional techniques and treatments such as read-assist techniques to ensure fast and reliable read operation. In this study, the authors address these concerns and propose a novel read-assist sensing scheme. The circuit is simulated using Spectre in 65 nm CMOS technology. Simulation results showed an increased sensing speed, lower power dissipation and enhanced SRAM dynamic cell stability. A complete comparison is made between the proposed scheme, the conventional circuit and another state of the art design, which shows speed improvement of 55.34, 66.01 and power reduction of 21.33, 89.09 with respect to conventional sense amplifier and the referenced scheme, respectively. These enhancements are at the expense of negligible area overhead. Also, the proposed scheme enables one to reduce the cell s V DD by 227 and 345 mV for the same operating frequency with respect to conventional and referenced circuits, respectively. This results in leakage power reduction of 19.7 and 30 which constitutes a considerable portion of overall power dissipation in nanoscale SRAMs.
The Effect of Insulin Like Growth Factor-1 on Recovery of Facial Nerve Crush Injury

Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of locally applied insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on the recovery of facial nerve functions after crush injury in a rabbit model. Methods The rabbits were randomly assigned into three groups. Group 1 consisted of the rabbits with crush injury alone; group 2, the animals applied saline solution onto the crushed facial nerve and group 3, IGF-1 implemented to the nerve in the same manner. Facial nerve injury was first electrophysiologically studied on 10th and 42nd days of the procedure. The damage to the facial nerves was then investigated histopathologically, after sacrification of the animals. Results In the electrophysiological study, compound muscle action potential amplitudes of the crushed nerves in the second group were decreased. In pathological specimens of the first and second groups, the orders of axons were distorted; demyelination and proliferation of Schwann cells were observed. However, in IGF-1 treated group axonal order and myelin were preserved, and Schwann cell proliferation was close to normal (P<0.05). Conclusion Local application of IGF-1 in a slow releasing gel was found efficacious in the recovery of the facial nerve crush injury in rabbits. IGF-1 was considered worthy of being tried in clinical studies in facial nerve injury cases.