Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Analysis of Hybrid Permanent Magnet Type Bearingless Motor

The traditional bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motor has complex decoupling control problems. To overcome the drawbacks above, a novel hybrid permanent magnet type bearingless motor (HPMTBM) is proposed in this paper, which has integrated the merits of hybrid excitation permanent magnet motor and magnetic bearings. The main advantages of this HPMTBM are the simple control mechanism and the low power consumption. First, the principle and theoretical background of this motor are introduced. Then, the mathematical models of radial suspension force and torque are established using Maxwell stress tensor method, and air-gap magnetic fields, radial suspension forces are calculated by finite-element analysis. Finally, the prototype motor is designed and constructed. The radial suspension forces and rotor radial displacements are tested. The simulation and experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed HPMTBM.
Demonstration of phase-shift masks for extreme-ultraviolet lithography

We report on a method to produce any type of phase-shift masks for EUV lithography. We have successfully fabricated an unattenuated phase-shift mask consisting of phase patterns and confirmed the expected performance of such a mask through resist printing at λ=13.3 nm. Finally actinic metrology reveals that these etched-multilayer masks, left without a capping layer, tend to degrade over time.
Elucidation of White Matter Tracts of the Human Amygdala by Detailed Comparison between High-Resolution Postmortem Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Histology

The amygdala has attracted considerable research interest because of its potential involvement in various neuropsychiatric disorders. Recently, attempts have been made using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the integrity of the axonal connections to and from the amygdala under pathological conditions. Although amygdalar pathways have been studied extensively in animal models, anatomical references for the human brain are limited to histology-based resources from a small number of slice locations, orientations and annotations. In the present study, we performed high-resolution (250 μm) MRI of postmortem human brains followed by serial histology sectioning. The histology data were used to identify amygdalar pathways, and the anatomical delineation of the assigned structures was extended into 3D using the MRI data. We were able to define the detailed anatomy of the stria terminalis and amygdalofugal pathway, as well as the anatomy of the nearby basal forebrain areas, including the substantia innominata. The present results will help us understand in detail the white matter structures associated with the amygdala, and will serve as an anatomical reference for the design of in vivo MRI studies and interpretation of their data.
Widespread Discordance of Gene Trees with Species Tree in Drosophila: Evidence for Incomplete Lineage Sorting

The phylogenetic relationship of the now fully sequenced species Drosophila erecta and D. yakuba with respect to the D. melanogaster species complex has been a subject of controversy. All three possible groupings of the species have been reported in the past, though recent multi-gene studies suggest that D. erecta and D. yakuba are sister species. Using the whole genomes of each of these species as well as the four other fully sequenced species in the subgenus Sophophora, we set out to investigate the placement of D. erecta and D. yakuba in the D. melanogaster species group and to understand the cause of the past incongruence. Though we find that the phylogeny grouping D. erecta and D. yakuba together is the best supported, we also find widespread incongruence in nucleotide and amino acid substitutions, insertions and deletions, and gene trees. The time inferred to span the two key speciation events is short enough that under the coalescent model, the incongruence could be the result of incomplete lineage sorting. Consistent with the lineage-sorting hypothesis, substitutions supporting the same tree were spatially clustered. Support for the different trees was found to be linked to recombination such that adjacent genes support the same tree most often in regions of low recombination and substitutions supporting the same tree are most enriched roughly on the same scale as linkage disequilibrium, also consistent with lineage sorting. The incongruence was found to be statistically significant and robust to model and species choice. No systematic biases were found. We conclude that phylogenetic incongruence in the D. melanogaster species complex is the result, at least in part, of incomplete lineage sorting. Incomplete lineage sorting will likely cause phylogenetic incongruence in many comparative genomics datasets. Methods to infer the correct species tree, the history of every base in the genome, and comparative methods that control for and/or utilize this information will be valuable advancements for the field of comparative genomics.
Autonomous Detection and Experimental Validation of Affordances

We propose a computational formalization of affordances, which is able to consistently combine affordance-related evidence resulting from different observations. We represent affordances as Dempster–Shafer belief functions defined over the space of end-effector poses, which can be combined using uncertain logic in order to allow their hierarchical organization. The primary source of affordance-related evidence is visual affordance detection, which first simplifies the perceived environment into geometric primitives and then evaluates a hierarchical set of affordance definitions based on the available visual information. The resulting belief functions are used as initial affordance hypotheses, which are subject to further investigation and validation. As pure visual affordance detection can fail to properly estimate important preconditions, e.g., the stability of environmental structures, validation experiments are conducted in order to incrementally improve the system belief and the reliability of detected affordances. The proposed formalism is implemented and evaluated in the context of loco-manipulation affordances for humanoid robots using the simulated robots ARMAR-III and ARMAR-4.
Technology and the Export Behavior of Small, Locally- owned Firms: New Insight

This paper investigates the relationship between technology and the export performance of small, locally-owned firms in the Jamaican economy. The literature argues that technology is an important variable in influencing the export performance of small firms given its ability to generate competitive advantage for the firm. However, the results from empirical studies are not always consistent. To investigate this issue, the paper uses survey data of 92 exporters and nonexporters to estimate a logistical regression model of the firm’s export behaviour. The results revealed that firm size, not the social capital of the owner of the firm or the technological intensity of the firm is the most critical factors that determine export performance. This result resonates with some aspects of the literature while not finding resonance with others. The context specific nature of this result is what makes it novel.
Fabric Defect Classification Based on Local Binary Patterns and Tamura Method

This paper aims at investigating methods for solving the problem of automated fabric defect classification which kind of defect has been occurred. Texture features for classification using local binary patterns and Tamura Method. These features are classified using the conjugate gradient BP network. Fabric samples are used in the evaluation and the experimental results obtained further confirm the designed algorithm achieved a high detection success rate.
Real-time monocular 6-DOF head pose estimation from salient 2D points

We propose a real-time and robust approach to estimate the full 3D head pose from extreme head poses using a monocular system. To this end, we first model the head using a simple geometric shape initialized using facial landmarks, i.e., eye corners, extracted from the face. Next, 2D salient points are detected within the region defined by the projection of the visible surface of the geometric head model onto the image, and projected back to the head model to generate the corresponding 3D features. Optical flow is used to find the respective 2D correspondences in the next video frame. Assuming that the monocular system is calibrated, it is then possible to solve the Perspective-n-Point (PnP) problem of estimating the head pose given a set of 3D features on the geometric model surface and their corresponding 2D correspondences from optical flow in the next frame. The experimental evaluation shows that the performance of the proposed approach achieves, and in some cases improves the state-of-the-art performance with a major advantage of not requiring facial landmarks (except for initialization). As a result, our method also applies to real scenarios in which facial landmarks-based methods fail due to self-occlusions.
A Survey on Mobile Data Offloading Technologies

Recently, due to the increasing popularity of enjoying various multimedia services on mobile devices (e.g., smartphones, ipads, and electronic tablets), the generated mobile data traffic has been explosively growing and has become a serve burden on mobile network operators. To address such a serious challenge in mobile networks, an effective approach is to manage data traffic by using complementary technologies (e.g., small cell network, WiFi network, and so on) to achieve mobile data offloading. In this paper, we discuss the recent advances in the techniques of mobile data offloading. Particularly, based on the initiator diversity of data offloading, we classify the existing mobile data offloading technologies into four categories, i.e., data offloading through small cell networks, data offloading through WiFi networks, data offloading through opportunistic mobile networks, and data offloading through heterogeneous networks. Besides, we show a detailed taxonomy of the related mobile data offloading technologies by discussing the pros and cons for various offloading technologies for different problems in mobile networks. Finally, we outline some opening research issues and challenges, which can provide guidelines for future research work.
Controllable wavelength-selective coupling of bending dual-core photonic crystal fiber

A novel controllable wavelength-selective coupling photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has been proposed. This coupler allows highly accurate control of the filtering wavelength. The different wavelengths can be selected by controlling the bending radius of the fiber. Coupling characteristics of novel controllable wavelength-selective coupling PCF are evaluated by using a vector finite element method and their application to a multiplexer demultiplexer based on the novel coupler is investigated. When the fiber length is 4741μm, the bending radius of PCF couplers for 1.48/1. 55μm, 1.3/1. 55μm, 0.98/1. 55μm, and 0.85/1. 55μm is calculated, respectively and the beam propagation analysis is performed. Different from the traditional wavelength-selective coupling PCF, the dual-core PCF is bent and it can realize the separation of multiple wavelengths.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae MutLα Is a Mismatch Repair Endonuclease*

MutL homologs are crucial for mismatch repair and genetic stability, but their function is not well understood. Human MutLα (MLH1-PMS2 heterodimer) harbors a latent endonuclease that is dependent on the integrity of a PMS2 DQHA(X)2E(X)4E motif (Kadyrov, F. A., Dzantiev, L., Constantin, N., and Modrich, P. (2006) Cell 126, 297-308). This sequence element is conserved in many MutL homologs, including the PMS1 subunit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae MutLα, but is absent in MutL proteins from bacteria like Escherichia coli that rely on d(GATC) methylation for strand directionality. We show that yeast MutLα is a strand-directed endonuclease that incises DNA in a reaction that depends on a mismatch, yMutSα, yRFC, yPCNA, ATP, and a pre-existing strand break, whereas E. coli MutL is not. Amino acid substitution within the PMS1 DQHA(X)2E(X)4E motif abolishes yMutLα endonuclease activity in vitro and confers strong genetic instability in vivo, but does not affect yMutLα ATPase activity or the ability of the protein to support assembly of the yMutLα·yMutSα·heteroduplex ternary complex. The loaded form of yPCNA may play an important effector role in directing yMutLα incision to the discontinuous strand of a nicked heteroduplex.
Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating LC-UV Method for Simultaneous Determination of Ketotifen and Cetirizine in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

Purpose: To develop and validate stability-indicating reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of ketotifen fumarate and cetirizine dihydrochloride in solid dosage forms. Methods: Chromatographic separation was achieved on Grace Smart C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using an isocratic mobile phase that consisted of acetonitrile and 10 mM disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) in a ratio of 45:55 % v/v at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Detection was carried out at 230 nm. Salbutamol sulphate was used as an internal standard. The drugs were exposed to hydrolytic (acid and alkaline), oxidative, reductive and neutral stress conditions, and the stressed samples analyzed by the proposed method. Validation of the method was carried out as per International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Results : The retention time for ketotifen, salbutamol and cetirizine was 2.05, 5.37 and 6.77 min, respectively. In stress studies, it was observed as cetirizine was more labile in acidic, oxidative and neutral conditions than ketotifen. Both the drugs were found comparatively stable in alkaline, neutral condition and labile in reductive condition. The method was linear in the concentration range of 1 - 30 μg/mL and 10 - 300 μg/mL for ketotifen and cetirizine, respectively. Conclusion : The developed method is specific and stability-indicating as no interfering peaks of degradants and excipients were observed. Thus, the method is suitable for application in the simultaneous quality control of both drugs. Keywords : Ketotifen, Cetirizine, Stability indicating method, Stressed conditions, Validation
Development of CAPTSureTM – a new index for the assessment of pediatric postthrombotic syndrome

Essentials We developed a discriminative and evaluative index for pediatric postthrombotic syndrome (PTS). A Delphi‐survey was used for item reduction and multi‐criteria decision analysis for item weighting. The new index assesses limb PTS based on the relative severity of each sign and symptom. Higher scores related to higher odds of parental dissatisfaction with their child's condition.
Cognitive impairment and self-care in heart failure

Background Heart failure (HF) is a prevalent chronic disease in older adults that requires extensive self-care to prevent decompensation and hospitalization. Cognitive impairment may impact the ability to perform HF self-care activities. We examined the association between cognitive impairment and adherence to self-care in patients hospitalized for acute HF. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting and participants A total of 577 patients (mean age = 71 years, 44% female) hospitalized for HF at five medical centers in the United States and Canada. Measurements and methods Participants were interviewed for information on self-reported adherence to self-care using the European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale. We assessed cognitive impairment in three domains (memory, processing speed, and executive function) using standardized measures. Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained through medical record review. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the association between cognitive impairment and self-care practices adjusting for demographic and clinical factors. Results A total of 453 patients (79%) were impaired in at least one cognitive domain. Average adherence to self-care activities among patients with global cognitive impairment did not differ significantly from those without cognitive impairment (30.5 versus 29.6; 45-point scale). However, impaired memory was associated with lower self-care scores (P = 0.006) in multivariable models. Conclusion Cognitive impairment is highly prevalent among older patients hospitalized for HF. Memory impairment is associated with poorer adherence to self-care practices. Screening for memory impairment in patients with HF may help to identify patients at risk for poor self-care who may benefit from tailored disease management programs.
Association of Health Literacy With Postoperative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery

Importance Low health literacy is known to adversely affect health outcomes in patients with chronic medical conditions. To our knowledge, the association of health literacy with postoperative outcomes has not been studied in-depth in a surgical patient population. Objective To evaluate the association of health literacy with postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Design, Setting, and Participants From November 2010 to December 2013, 1239 patients who were undergoing elective gastric, colorectal, hepatic, and pancreatic resections for both benign and malignant disease at a single academic institution were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics, education, insurance status, procedure type, American Society of Anesthesiologists status, Charlson comorbidity index, and postoperative outcomes, including length of stay, emergency department visits, and hospital readmissions, were reviewed from electronic medical records. Health literacy levels were assessed using the Brief Health Literacy Screen, a validated tool that was administered by nursing staff members on hospital admission. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the association of health literacy levels on postoperative outcomes, controlling for patient demographics and clinical characteristics. Main Outcomes and Measures The association of health literacy with postoperative 30-day emergency department visits, 90-day hospital readmissions, and index hospitalization length of stay. Results Of the 1239 patients who participated in this study, 624 (50.4%) were women, 1083 (87.4%) where white, 96 (7.7%) were black, and 60 (4.8%) were of other race/ethnicity. The mean (SD) Brief Health Literacy Screen score was 12.9 (SD, 2.75; range, 3-15) and the median educational attainment was 13.0 years. Patients with lower health literacy levels had a longer length of stay in unadjusted (95% CI, 0.95-0.99; P = .004) and adjusted (95% CI, 0.03-0.26; P = .02) analyses. However, lower health literacy was not significantly associated with increased rates of 30-day emergency department visits or 90-day hospital readmissions. Conclusions and Relevance Lower health literacy levels are independently associated with longer index hospitalization lengths of stay for patients who are undergoing major abdominal surgery. The role of health literacy needs to be further evaluated within surgical practices to improve health care outcomes and use.
Regional islanding detection method of large-scale grid-connected distributed photovoltaic power

After large-scale distributed photovoltaic power grid connected, islanding problems become more complex, and there is no good solution yet. In order to resolve this problem, this paper first analyzes existing islanding detection schemes, and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages. Then, this paper proposes a new intelligent regional islanding detection method based on communication, this method has the characteristics of self-adaptive configuration and perfect logical judgment. However, if there is in the absence of communication conditions, the regional control device can detect islanding by load change method. At last, this paper introduces the implementation of the regional islanding detection through the grid-connected interface device and the regional control device. The regional islanding detection proposed in this paper can lay a solid foundation for the widespread promotion of distributed photovoltaic power.
Cognitive Coupling During Reading

We hypothesize that cognitively engaged readers dynamically adjust their reading times with respect to text complexity (i.e., reading times should increase for difficult sections and decrease for easier ones) and failure to do so should impair comprehension. This hypothesis is consistent with theories of text comprehension but has surprisingly been untested. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing 4 datasets in which participants (N = 484) read expository texts using a self-paced reading paradigm. Participants self-reported mind wandering in response to pseudorandom thought-probes during reading and completed comprehension assessments after reading. We computed two measures of cognitive coupling by regressing each participant’s paragraph-level reading times on two measures of text complexity: Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level and Word Concreteness scores. The two coupling measures yielded convergent findings: coupling was a negative predictor of mind wandering and a positive predictor of both text- and inference-level comprehension. Goodness-of-fit, measured with Akaike information criterion, also improved after adding coupling to the reading-time only models. Furthermore, cognitive coupling mediated the relationship between mind wandering and comprehension, supporting the hypothesis that mind wandering engenders a decoupling of attention from external stimuli.
Wireless Sensor Networks localization with outliers and structured missing data

In this paper we address the Wireless Sensor Networks localization problem in a realistic scenario with outliers and structured missing data (i.e. non-random). Our approach couples SMACOF, which handles incomplete data, with IRLS, which is resilient to outliers. In addition, we provide a new insight on how the initialization method — which is crucial to ensure fold-free solutions — should be adapted to the pattern of missing measures. Experiments shows that the proposed method compares favorably with the state-of-the-art.
Human Factors for Capacity Building . Lessons learned from the OpenMRS Implementers Network

Objectives: The overall objective of this project was to investigate ways to strengthen the OpenMRS community by (i) developing capacity and implementing a network focusing specifically on the needs of OpenMRS implementers, (ii) strengthening community-driven aspects of OpenMRS and providing a dedicated forum for implementation-specific issues, and; (iii) providing regional support for OpenMRS implementations as well as mentorship and training. Methods: The methods used included (i) face-to-face networking using meetings and workshops; (ii) online collaboration tools, peer support and mentorship programmes; (iii) capacity and community development programmes, and; (iv) community outreach programmes. Results: The community-driven approach, combined with a few simple interventions, has been a key factor in the growth and success of the OpenMRS Implementers Network. It has contributed to implementations in at least twenty-three different countries using basic online tools; and provided mentorship and peer support through an annual meeting, workshops and an internship program. The OpenMRS Implementers Network has formed collaborations with several other open source networks and is evolving regional OpenMRS Centres of Excellence to provide localized support for OpenMRS development and implementation. These initiatives are increasing the range of functionality and sustainability of open source software in the health domain, resulting in improved adoption and enterprise-readiness. Conclusions: Social organization and capacity development activities are important in growing a successful community-driven open source software model.