Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PERFORMANCE OF TWO SOYBEAN LINEAGES IN RESPONSE TO DROUGHT

Drought stress is a common environmental factor that constrains plants from expressing their ecophysiological potential, disrupting various physiological and biochemical processes. Hence, the objective of this work was to evaluate the growth, development and photosynthetic performance under drought in the vegetative phenological stage of soybean in two lineages with potential difference tolerance to this abiotic stress, lineages (‘Vx-08-10819’ and ‘Vx-08-11614’. For this purpose, biometric traits of development, relative water content in leaves, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange, and chlorophyll a fluorescence were evaluated. The experimental design was a randomized block design with 4 replications and arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme, comprising of two soybean lineages (Vx-08-10819 and Vx-08-11614) in combination with three water availability [100% (control), 60%, and 40% of field capacity]. Relative water content in leaves, total leaf area, and shoot dry weight of lineage Vx-08-10819 were not changed after exposure to drought. Besides that, photosynthetic capacity of lineage Vx-08-10819 was less affected than lineage Vx-08-11614 to drought, showing that this lineage is tolerant to this abiotic stress in at vegetative stage V4. Keywords: chlorophylls; gas exchange; Glycine max (L.) Merr; water relations. Crescimento, desenvolvimento e desempenho fotossintético de duas linhagens de soja em resposta à seca RESUMO: O estresse hídrico é um fator ambiental comum que impede as plantas de expressarem seu potencial ecofisiológico, interrompendo vários processos fisiológicos e bioquímicos. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento, o desenvolvimento e o desempenho fotossintético sob seca na fase fenológica vegetativa da soja em duas linhagens com potencial diferença na tolerância a este estresse abiótico, as linhagens Vx-08-10819 e Vx-08-11614. Para tanto, foram avaliadas características biométricas de desenvolvimento, teor relativo de água nas folhas, pigmentos fotossintéticos, trocas gasosas e fluorescência da clorofila a. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com 4 repetições e dispostos em esquema fatorial 2 × 3, composto por duas linhagens de soja (Vx-08-10819 e Vx-08-11614) em combinação com três disponibilidades hídricas [100% (controle), 60% e 40% da capacidade de campo]. O conteúdo relativo de água nas folhas, a área foliar total e o peso seco da parte aérea da linhagem Vx-08-10819 não foram alterados após a exposição à seca. Além disso, a capacidade fotossintética da linhagem Vx-08-10819 foi menos afetada do que a linhagem Vx-08-11614 à seca, mostrando que esta linhagem é tolerante à este estresse abiótico no estágio vegetativo V4. Palavras-chave: clorofilas; troca gasosa; Glycine max (L.) Merr; relações hídricas.
Optical Interferometry With The MMT

By adjustment of the optical pathlengths of the MMT telescopes, it is possible to make the MMT into a phased array with a 680 cm baseline. We will describe experiments in speckle interferometry and spectroscopy which have been done this way using 2 and 3 of the MMT telescopes. We will describe planned adjustments of the optical configuration of the MMT to achieve coherent operation over a large field of view with all six telescopes phased simultaneously.
Proton and antiproton cross sections at high energies

Measurements of the total cross section and of diffractive processes, which have been performed in the last decade at the high-energy hadron colliders, are presented and compared with earlier results at lower energy. The general properties of the scattering amplitude, as derived from fundamental principles, are discussed, together with the current models and with the recent theoretical developments based on QCD.
Indication of hysteresis in AlMnN

AlN films grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy were doped with different levels of Mn during growth. High resolution x-ray diffraction characterization revealed good crystallinity in single phase material, with lattice constant decreasing with increasing Mn concentration. Single phase AlMnN was found to be p type while AlMnN/AlMn mixed phase material was found to be highly conductive n type. Magnetization measurements performed with a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer indicated ferromagnetism in single phase material persisting to 300 K and showed no evidence of room temperature magnetization in multiphase material. In particular, it was shown that Mn4N second phases are not contributing to the magnetization in the AlMnN under optimized growth conditions.
Two-Dimensional Wavenumber Analysis Implemented in Ultrasonic Vector Doppler Method with Focused Transmit Beams

The multi-angle Doppler method was introduced for the estimation of velocity vectors by measuring axial velocities from multiple directions. We have recently reported that the autocorrelation-based velocity vector estimation could be ameliorated significantly by estimating the wavenumbers in two dimensions. Since two-dimensional wavenumber estimation requires a snapshot of an ultrasonic field, the method was first implemented in plane wave imaging. Although plane wave imaging is predominantly useful for examining blood flows at an extremely high temporal resolution, it was reported that the contrast in a B-mode image obtained with a few plane wave emissions was lower than that obtained with focused beams. In this study, the two-dimensional wavenumber analysis was first implemented in a framework with focused transmit beams. The simulations showed that the proposed method achieved an accuracy in velocity estimation comparable to that of the method with plane wave imaging. Furthermore, the performances of the methods implemented in focused beam and plane wave imaging were compared by measuring human common carotid arteries in vivo. Image contrasts were analyzed in normal and clutter-filtered B-mode images. The method with focused beam imaging achieved a better contrast in normal B-mode imaging, and similar velocity magnitudes and angles were obtained by both the methods with focused beam and plane wave imaging. In contrast, the method with plane wave imaging gave a better contrast in a clutter-filtered B-mode image and smaller variances in velocity magnitudes than those with focused beams.
Modems

1 • Digital filters are a important part of DSP. In fact their extraordinary performance is one of the keys that DSP has become so popular. – Audio processing – Speech processing (detection, compression, reconstruction) – Modems – Motor control algorithms – Video and image processing • Historically, electronic designers implemented filters with analog components, as resistors, capacitors and inductors. • With the develpment of special DSP processor (>1980), designers have a alternative: filter implementation by software on DSPs. • Since the last 10 years, the designers can choose between the implementation on several technologies as – General purpose DSP – Gate-Arrays
The Significant Factors in Refuse Classification Based on Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis

With the rapid growth of China's economy, great achievements have been made in various constructions. Meanwhile, huge resources and environmental damage have been paid. To reduce pollution and protect environment, the continuous implementation of mandatory waste classification policy in various cities in China, refuse classification has been a practical problem that tightly related to mankind’s live. In this article, it finds the significant factors that affect the effectiveness of the refuse classification as well as the people’s attitude toward it. Based on the questionnaire, people’s will turn positive as the classification commences and guidance takes quite an important role in the process. Refuse classification is a long-term project beneficial to the country and the people. Contemporarily, the government has been advocating waste classification, but it has not been effectively implemented in the actual operation process. On the basis of in-depth analysis of the problems existing in the implementation of garbage classification, key objects are found to form a green and environment-friendly resource conserving society. These results provide some reference for further garbage classification.
Data-Driven Graph Filter-Based Graph Convolutional Neural Network Approach for Network-Level Multi-Step Traffic Prediction

Accurately predicting network-level traffic conditions has been identified as a critical need for smart and advanced transportation services. In recent decades, machine learning and artificial intelligence have been widely applied for traffic state, including traffic volume prediction. This paper proposes a novel deep learning model, Graph Convolutional Neural Network with Data-driven Graph Filter (GCNN-DDGF), for network-wide multi-step traffic volume prediction. More specifically, the proposed GCNN-DDGF model can automatically capture hidden spatiotemporal correlations between traffic detectors, and its sequence-to-sequence recurrent neural network architecture is able to further utilize temporal dependency from historical traffic flow data for multi-step prediction. The proposed model was tested in a network-wide hourly traffic volume dataset between 1 January 2018 and 30 June 2019 from 150 sensors in the Los Angeles area. Detailed experimental results illustrate that the proposed model outperforms the other five widely used deep learning and machine learning models in terms of computational efficiency and prediction accuracy. For instance, the GCNN-DDGF model improves MAE, MAPE, and RMSE by 25.33%, 20.45%, and 29.20% compared to the state-of-the-art models, such as Diffusion Convolution Recurrent Neural Network (DCRNN), which is widely accepted as a popular and effective deep learning model.
Rolling Bearing Fault Monitoring for Sparse Time-Frequency Representation and Feature Detection Strategy

Data-driven fault diagnosis methods for rotating machinery have developed rapidly with the help of deep learning methods. However, traditional intelligent fault diagnosis methods still have some limitations in fault feature extraction and the latest object detection theory has not been applied in fault diagnosis. To this end, a fault diagnosis method based on a sparse short-term Fourier transform (SSTFT) and object detection theory is developed in this paper. First, a sparse constraint is introduced in time-frequency analysis to improve the time-frequency resolution of the model without cross-term interference and proximal gradient descent (PGD) is adopted to quickly and effectively optimize the model to obtain a high-quality time-frequency representation (TFR). Second, a fault diagnosis model based on a region-based convolutional neural network (RCNN) is built; the model can extract multiple regions that can characterize fault features from the TFR. This process avoids the interference of irrelevant vibration components and improves the interpretability of the fault diagnosis model. Finally, multicategory rolling bearing fault identification is realized. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by simulation signals and bearing experiments. The results indicate that the proposed method is more effective than existing methods.
Studies on Model of Torsional Micro-Mirror Based on W-RKPM

Based on W-RPKM which takes a wavelet scale function as shape function in reproducing kernel particle method proposed in this paper, establish a torsion micro-mirror coupled model of the bend and twist. The higher the order Wavelet basis function sub-space, the higher the degree of approximation of the true solution. The key parameters --Pull-in and twist angle of torsional micro-mirror locate at the large gradient space where the amplitude of wavelet scale function is more large, so exact parameters we care about can be valued acutely.
Preliminary Assessment of Asymmetric Triangular Riblet Microstructures for Drag Deduction and Fouling Resistance: Numerical Modeling, Fabrication, and Performance Evaluation

Several species of plants and animals demonstrate an ability to resist the accumulation of contaminants natural to their environments. To explain this phenomenon, mechanisms that facilitate fouling resistance have to be deciphered. Along these lines, this study is focused on the correlation between drag reduction and fouling resistance for underwater surfaces. This was accomplished by means of a novel microtopography inspired by fish-scales and conceived as a series of asymmetric triangular microgrooves oriented in the spanwise direction. A parametric study involving Large Eddy simulations was carried out to determine the most effective dimensions of the riblets and the results obtained have indicated a 9.1% drag reduction with respect to a flat reference surface. Following this, functional samples were fabricated in acrylic by means of a multi-axis micromachining center and diamond tooling. Surface quality and form accuracy of the fabricated samples were assessed with an optical microscope and optical profilometer. Finally, the fouling resistance of the samples was assessed by subjecting them to a flow of contaminated water. The results demonstrate that a relationship exists between the relative size of the particle and the fouling resistance of the microstructured surface.
Design of Fractional PI Controllers for a Binary Distillation Column with Disturbances Restricted in Magnitude and Slope

Abstract This paper designs fractional PI controllers for a binary distillation column, where all disturbances that can happen or are likely to happen in practice are explicitly taken into account in the design formulation and modeled as functions having bounded magnitude and bounded slope. The design objective considered is to ensure that the top product, the bottom product, the reflux rate and the reboiler rate deviate within their prescribed bounds for all time and for all the disturbances. To this end, the performance measures called the peak outputs are used and, according to the multi-objective nature of the problem, the design criteria are expressed as a set of inequalities that can be solved. Satisfactory controllers are obtained by searching in the space of design parameters. The numerical results show that the obtained fractional PI controller enhances the quality of the control system in comparison with the conventional controller.
Fourier spectral modelling for multi-scale aero-thermal analysis

Many problems with large length scale disparities are amenable to spectral modelling. In this paper, two models are described to deal with multi-scale problems with a distinctive scale disparity in time and space, respectively. The first one makes use of a hybrid time-frequency domain formulation to realign hugely mismatched timescales in the fluid and solid domains for solving coupled convection–conduction heat transfer problems. An emphasis here is on the interface condition for multi-harmonic turbulent disturbances in conjunction with large eddy simulations. The second model deals with the spatial length scale disparity by using a block-spectral formulation. A small subset of discrete mesh blocks is solved with high local mesh resolution. The pointwise block-to-block variation is established by a discrete Fourier spectrum. An instantaneous whole domain solution can then be obtained efficiently by a simple spectral mapping. The validity and effectiveness of the models are illustrated with relevant computational examples.
Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) - Time Department 1 -

Routine clock comparison for TAI is undertaken using different techniques and methods of time transfer. All laboratories contributing to the calculation of UTC at the BIPM are equipped for GNSS reception. GPS C/A observations from time and geodetic-type receivers are used with different methods, depending on the characteristics of the receivers. Dualfrequency receivers allow performing iono-free solutions. Since October 2009 a combination of code and phase measurements of geodetic-type receivers is used in the computation of TAI. Since the end of 2009 observations of GLONASS are used for the computation of TAI. Thanks to this evolution, the statistical uncertainty of time comparisons is at the subnanosecond level for the best GNSS time links. Some laboratories are equipped of two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT) devices allowing time comparisons independent from GNSS through geostationary communication satellites. The uncertainty of time comparison by GNSS is still limited by the hardware to 5 ns for the calibrated links whilst in the case of TWSTFT it is at the nanosecond order.
All‐fiber traveling‐wave laser with nonreciprocal ring configuration

An all‐fiber ring laser geometry in the form of a nonreciprocal S‐ring is presented and demonstrated. Its operation is demonstrated to allow unidirectional laser oscillation. The intensity ratio for laser oscillation in each of the two directions were measured, and found to be larger than 150. This value is the largest such ratio obtained for a ring laser without Faraday isolators.
Electrostatic structures associated with dusty electronegative magnetoplasmas

By using the hydrodynamic equations of positive and negative ions, the Boltzmann electron density distribution and the Poisson equation with stationary dust, a three-dimensional (3D) Zakharov–Kuznetsov (ZK) equation is derived for small but finite amplitude ion-acoustic waves. However, the ZK equation is not appropriate to describe the system either at critical plasma compositions or in the vicinity of the critical plasma compositions. Therefore, the modified ZK (MZK) and extended ZK (EZK) equations are derived. The generalized expansion method is used to analytically solve the ZK, MZK and EZK equations. A new class of solutions that admits a train of well-separated bell-shaped periodic pulses is obtained. In certain conditions, the latter degenerates to either solitary or shock wave solutions. The effects of the physical parameters on the nonlinear structures are examined in many plasma environments having different negative ion species, such as D- and F-regions of the Earth's ionosphere, as well as in laboratory plasma experiments. Numerical analysis of the solutions revealed that the profile of the nonlinear pulses suffers amplitude and width modifications due to enhancement of the dust practices, negative ions, positive-to-negative ion mass ratio and positive/negative ion cyclotron frequency. Furthermore, the necessary conditions for both solitons and shocks propagation as well as their polarity are examined.
Research and analysis of intercalated meltblown nonwovens based on machine learning

This paper explores the relationship and change law between process parameters, structural variables and product performance, and through seeking the optimal combination of process parameters, the filtration efficiency of the product is as high as possible and the filtration resistance is as small as possible. Firstly, the correlation between structural variables and product performance is analyzed by Spearman correlation coefficient method after the relevant data are processed by factor analysis method. Secondly, linear regression, random forest regression and lightGMB regression models are used to judge the relationship between process parameters and structural variables. Finally, the relationship between structural variables and product performance can be obtained by using multidimensional scaling transform (MDS). The results showed that the product filtration efficiency was the highest when the acceptance efficiency distance was 20m and the hot air velocity was 800km/h.
Heavy metal (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) contents of endemic Salvia halophila plants around Lake Tuz

Heavy metals occur naturally in ecosystems at varying concentrations. However, heavy metal sources that have emerged in present-day mainly due to human influence, i.e. industrial activities, agricultural waste, pesticides, use of fossil fuels and traffic, have included a part of heavy metals in the ecosystem. Lake Tuz, together with the entire lake surroundings, water beds and important steppe areas, was declared Turkey’s Specially Protected Area (SPA) in 2001. Our aim in this investigation was to determine the levels of heavy metals such as Chrome (Cr), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) in endemic Salvia halophila grown in different areas of Lake Tuz. The results of the heavy metal contents analyzed at the plant were compared with the international standard levels of heavy metals. The consequences displayed that differing extents of heavy metals are accumulated in S. halophila. The results obtained differed in accordance with the collection time and localities. When the outcomes are appraised, it is achievable to say that Pb is higher than the standard values. The findings of this investigation are the first reported results for this endemic S. halophila species that grows naturally at Lake Tuz and are important as they are newly discovered results.
Assessing meaning in life for gifted learners: Validation of a Chinese version of meaning in life in children questionnaire

ABSTRACT Meaning in Life Children Questionnaire (MIL-CQ) was developed with reference to Frankl’s meaning triangle that has dimensions of Attitude, Creativity, and Experience. The current study translated MIL-CQ into Chinese (MIL-CQ-C), and evaluated its psychometric properties in a sample of 264 upper primary and secondary school gifted students in Hong Kong. Dimensionality of MIL-CQ-C was investigated via exploratory factor analysis using the robust weighted least square estimator. Measurement invariance across gender was investigated. Convergent validity was evaluated by testing MIL-CQ-C as the mediator of social connectedness in predicting presence of meaning in life and search for meaning in life. After removal of three items, exploratory factor analysis supported the original 3-factor structure with substantial factor loadings (λ = 0.53–0.91) and good reliability (Ω = 0.85–0.92). The MIL-CQ-C showed scalar measurement invariance across gender. The MIL-CQ-C was positively correlated with social connectedness, presence of meaning in life, and search for meaning in life. The MIL-CQ-C mediated the relationship between social connectedness and presence of meaning in life and search for meaning in life. The findings lend support to a valid 3-factor structure for MIL-CQ-C when completed by gifted learners in Hong Kong. (192 words)
Low accelerating voltage SEM imaging and metrology using backscattered electrons

An approach to measure semiconductor structures for nondestructive submicrometer metrology in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) at low accelerating voltage is described utilizing the collection and measurement of only the backscattered electron signal rather than the more commonly used secondary electron signal. In this technique, the backscattered electron signal is collected using a high‐efficiency microchannel‐plate electron detector system with the front face of the detector biased negatively to reject the low‐energy secondary electrons thus collecting only the backscattered electrons. The advantage of using the backscattered electron signal is discussed, as well as a comparison to measurements using the secondary electron signal. The potential of this technique for application to accurate SEM metrology and standards development is also discussed.