Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sarcopenia and Muscle Functions at Various Stages of Alzheimer Disease

Although sarcopenia is closely linked to dementia, particularly Alzheimer disease (AD), there are few studies examining the prevalence and associated factors of sarcopenia in subjects with AD. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia, factors associated with sarcopenia in elderly subjects with AD, and differences in muscle functions of the upper and lower extremities and gait speed at various stages of AD. We evaluated handgrip and knee extension strength, muscle mass, and gait speed in 285 elderly outpatients with probable AD (mean age 82. 0 ± 5.3 years), including early AD (n = 82), mild AD (n = 90), and moderate AD (n = 113), and 67 elderly outpatients with normal cognition (NC) (mean age 81.1 ± 4.7 years). Sarcopenia was defined according to the consensus of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. The prevalence rate of sarcopenia was significantly higher in early AD, mild AD, and moderate AD than in NC (11% in NC, 36% in early AD, 45% in mild AD, and 60% in moderate AD of the female group, and 13% in NC, 41% in early AD, 47% in mild AD, and 47% in moderate AD of the male group). Age, body mass index, and Mini-mental state examination score were associated with sarcopenia in female or male AD groups. Decreased muscle strength without loss of muscle mass of the upper and lower extremities in the female AD group and those of the lower extremity in the AD male group were found in early and mild stages. Both muscle strength and mass decreased in the moderate AD. Low gait speed was also found in the early female and male AD which progressed with advancing dementia. Subjects with AD, even the early stages of AD, showed a high prevalence rate of sarcopenia. Higher age, lower BMI, and lower MMSE score were associated with sarcopenia in the female or male AD. There were differences in muscle functions and physical performance between the stages of the female and male AD.
srPK1 is a poor prognostic indicator and a novel potential therapeutic target for human colorectal cancer

Background: Serine/arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) is a protein kinase that belongs to the serine/arginine-rich domain family of splicing factors which are essential for splice-site selection, especially the modulation for RNA metabolism, localization, and translation. High expression of SRPK1 has been found in numerous human cancers, but its mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC) is still rarely reported. Purpose: To investigate the expression of SRPK1 in CRC tissues and cells and determine its functions and mechanism in CRC. Methods: The expression of SRPK1 was explored in human CRC patients and cells by immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative PCR, and Western blot; Cell Counting Kit-8, Transwell, flow cytometry, and tube formation assay were used to investigate the CRC cell viability, migration, apoptosis, and angiogenesis, respectively. Results: SRPK1 was overexpressed in CRC tumor tissues and cells, and correlated with tumor node metastasis stage; inhibition of SRPK1 by siRNA resulted in decreased cell growth and migration, significantly increased apoptosis, and suppressed angiogenesis. Conclusion: SRPK1 can be a prognostic indicator of CRC and may be a therapeutic target for CRC.
Forward rasterization: a reconstruction algorithm for image-based rendering

(Under the direction of Professor Anselmo Lastra) In a recent alternative research path for interactive 3D graphics the scene to be rendered is described with images. Image-based rendering (IBR) is appealing since natural scenes, which are very difficult to model conventionally, can be acquired semi-automatically using cameras and other devices. Also IBR has the potential to create high-quality output images if the rendering stage can preserve the quality of the reference images (photographs). One promising IBR approach enhances the images with per-pixel depth. This allows reprojecting or warping the color-and-depth samples from the reference image to the desired image. Image-based rendering by warping (IBRW) is the focus of this dissertation. In IBRW, simply warping the samples does not suffice for high-quality results because one must reconstruct the final image from the warped samples. This dissertation introduces a new reconstruction algorithm for IBRW. This new approach overcomes some of the major disadvantages of previous reconstruction methods. Unlike the splatting methods, it guarantees surface continuity and it also controls aliasing using a novel filtering method adapted to forward mapping. Unlike the triangle-mesh method, it requires considerably less computation per input sample, reducing the rasterization-setup cost by a factor of four. The algorithm can be efficiently implemented in hardware and this dissertation presents the WarpEngine, a hardware architecture for IBRW. The WarpEngine consists of several identical nodes that render the frame in a sort-first fashion. Sub-regions of the depth images are processed in parallel in SIMD fashion. The WarpEngine architecture promises to produce high-quality high-resolution images at interactive rates. This dissertation also analyzes the suitability of our approach for polygon rendering and proposes a possible algorithm for triangles. Finding the samples that must be warped to generate the current frame is another very challenging problem in IBRW. The dissertation introduces the vacuum-buffer sample-selection method, designed to ensure that the set of selected samples covers every visible surface. vi vii To Andreea and to our daughter viii ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Appendix to Brask et al. Evolution of non-kin cooperation: social assortment by cooperative phenotype in guppies

In order to validate the mirror cooperativeness scores (see main text), we quantified the relationship between cooperativeness scores from predator inspection trials with a mirror and with a live inspection partner, obtained from the same set of focal individuals. The setup and protocol of the trials with live partners was as in the mirror trials (described in the main text), except that there was no mirror, and the focal fish instead inspected with a live partner occupying the other lane in the test tank, which was visible through a transparent barrier. For each focal individual, four live-partner trials were run in total, each separated in time by one day. Each focal individual interacted with two partner individuals; the focal interacted with the first partner in trials 1 and 3, and the second partner in trials 2 and 4. Each partner fish was used with three focal fish. The use of each partner fish multiple times meant that effects of the partners on the behaviour of the focal individuals could be taken into account in the statistical analysis (as described below). Some focal individuals had data missing from some of the four trials and we limited the analysis to data where the focal had met the partner two times; that is, in the statistical tests described below, each focal individual contributed data from either trials 1&3, trials 2&4, or all four trials where possible. The partner fish were housed separately from the focal fish. Further details about the live-partner experiments can be found in Edenbrow et al. (2017).
Distributed and Massed Practice: From Laboratory to Classroom

The benefit to memory of spacing presentations of material is well established but lacks an adequate explanation and is rarely applied in education. This paper presents three experiments that examined the spacing effect and its application to education. Experiment 1 demonstrated that spacing repeated presentations of items is equally beneficial to memory for a wide range of ages, contrary to some theories. Experiment 2 introduced ‘clustered’ presentations as a more relevant control than massed, reflecting the fact that massed presentation of material is uncommon in education. The scheduling of clustered presentations was intermediate between massed and distributed, yet recall was no different than for massed. Experiment 3, a classroom-based study, demonstrated the benefit of distributed over clustered teaching of reading through modification of the scheduling of everyday lessons. Thus, the effectiveness of teaching may be improved by increasing the degree to which lessons are distributed. Copyright # 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FiWi Access Networks

The evolution of broadband access networks toward bimodal fiber-wireless (FiWi) access networks, described in this book, may be viewed as the endgame of broadband access. After discussing the economic impact of broadband access and current worldwide deployment statistics, all the major legacy wireline and wireless broadband access technologies are reviewed. State-of-the-art GPON and EPON fiber access networks are described, including their migration to next-generation systems such as OCDMA and OFDMA PONs. The latest developments of wireless access networks are covered, including VHT WLAN, Gigabit WiMAX, LTE and WMN. The advantages of FiWi access networks are demonstrated by applying powerful network coding, heterogeneous optical and wireless protection, hierarchical frame aggregation, hybrid routing and QoS continuity techniques across the optical-wireless interface. The book is an essential reference for anyone working on optical fiber access networks, wireless access networks or converged FiWi systems. "The area of FiWi networks is central to the current evolution path of networks but presents significant challenges, in particular in integrating disparate systems. This book provides a cogent and highly useful exposition of the main technologies in FiWi, including not only traditional techniques, but also very recent developments such as network coding. This book is a tool both for working engineers and for researchers entering the FiWi area from the optics or from the wireless domains. " - Prof. Muriel Mdard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Working for Free? Motivations for Participating in Open-Source Projects

The success of the Linux operating system has demonstrated the viability of open-source software, an alternative form of software development that challenges traditional assumptions about software markets. Understanding why developers participate in open-source projects is crucial for assessing the impact of open-source software. Their motivations fall into two broad categories: internal factors (e.g., intrinsic motivation, altruism) and external rewards (e.g., expected future returns, personal needs). The results of a survey administered to open-source programmers are summarized.
microrna-628 inhibits the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia cells by directly targeting igF-1r

Background: A variety of microRNAs (miRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and these dysregulated miRNAs perform crucial roles in tumorigenesis and progression of AML. miR-628-3p (miR-628), one of the miRNAs dysregulated in multiple types of human cancers, exerts antitumor roles in different cancer types. However, no specific study has explored the expression pattern and role of miR-628 in AML. Materials and methods: In this study, RT-qPCR was performed to detect miR-628 expression in AML tissues and cell lines. CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry analysis and xenograft tumor experiment was carried out to determine the functions of miR-628 in AML cells. The possible mechanism underlying the activity of miR-628 in AML cells was also explored using a series of experiments. Results: Our results revealed the downregulated expression of miR-628 in patients with AML and AML cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR-628 resulted in the inhibition of AML cell proliferation and induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro and attenuation of tumor growth in vivo. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor ( IGF-1R ) was identified as a direct target gene of miR-628 in AML cells. IGF-1R expression was upregulated in patients with AML and upregulation of IGF-1R expression inversely correlated with miR-628 level. Furthermore, IGF-1R knockdown imitated the tumor suppressive effect of miR-628 in AML cells. Restoration of IGF-1R expression abrogated the effects of miR-628 on the proliferation, cycle status, and apoptosis rate of AML cells. miR-628 inhibited the activation of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway in AML cells both in vitro and in vivo through the inhibition of IGF-1R expression. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that miR-628 exhibits antitumor effects in AML through the direct targeting of IGF-1R and regulation of PI3K/Akt pathway, suggestive of its potential role as a therapeutic target in patients with this aggressive hematological malignant tumor.
CMAR_A_197337 6343..6351

1Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Oncology, Kunshan First People‘s Hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Emergency, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200000, People’s Republic of China; 4Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou 510000, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200000, People’s Republic of China
Properties of eigenvalues on Riemann surfaces with large symmetry groups

On compact Riemann surfaces, the Laplacian has a discrete, non-negative spectrum of eigenvalues of finite multiplicity. The spectrum is intrinsically linked to the geometry of the surface. In this work, we consider surfaces of constant negative curvature with a large symmetry group. It is not possible to calculate explicitly the eigenvalues for surfaces in this class, so we combine group theoretic and analytical methods to derive results about the spectrum. In particular, we focus on the Bolza surface and the Klein quartic. These have the highest order symmetry groups among compact Riemann surfaces of genera 2 and 3 respectively. We analyse the irreducible representations of the full isomorphism group of the Bolza surface and prove that the multiplicity of the first positive eigenvalue is 3, building on the work of Jenni, and identify the irreducible representation that corresponds to this eigenspace. This proof relies on a certain conjecture, for which we give substantial numerical evidence and a hopeful method for proving. We go on to show that the second distinct positive eigenvalue has multiplicity 4.
Tailored NEOadjuvant epirubicin, cyclophosphamide and Nanoparticle Albumin-Bound paclitaxel for breast cancer: The phase II NEONAB trial#_#x2014;Clinical outcomes and molecular determinants of response

1 University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Victoria, Australia, 2 School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia, 3 Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, 4 Lake Imaging, Geelong, Victoria, Australia, 5 The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 6 South West Health Care, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia, 7 Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia, 8 North Shore Private Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia, 9 Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America, 10 National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Investigation of Genetic Relationships within Miscanthus using SNP Markers Identi�ed using SLAF-Seq

Background: Miscanthus, which is a leading dedicated-energy grass in Europe and in parts of Asia, is expected to play a key role in the development of the future bioeconomy. However, due to its complex genetic background, it is di�cult to investigate phylogenetic relationships and the evolution of gene function in this genus. Here, we investigated 50 Miscanthus germplasms: 1 female parent (M. lutarioriparius), 30 candidate male parents (M. lutarioriparius, M. sinensis, and M. sacchari�orus), and 19 offspring. We used high-throughput Speci�c-Locus Ampli�ed Fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) to identify informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in all germplasms. Results: We identi�ed 800,081 SLAF tags, of which 160,368 were polymorphic. Each tag was 264–364 bp long. The obtained SNPs were used to investigate genetic relationships within Miscanthus. We constructed a phylogenetic tree of the 50 germplasms using the obtained SNPs, and found that the germplasms fell into two clades: one clade of M. sinensis only and one clade that included the offspring, M. lutarioriparius, and M. sacchari�orus. Genetic cluster analysis indicated that M. lutarioriparius germplasm C3 was the most likely male parent of the offspring. Conclusions: As a high-throughput sequencing method, SLAF-seq can be used to identify informative SNPs in Miscanthus germplasms and to rapidly characterize genetic relationships within this genus. Our results will support the development of breeding programs utilizing Miscanthus cultivars with elite biomass- or �ber-production potential.
Willingness to Join and Pay for Community-Based Health Insurance Among Rural Households of Selected Districts of Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia

Background: Globally, millions of people suffer and die because they do not have the money to pay for health care. A voluntary health insurance scheme is a prepayment mechanism to overcome the ﬁ nancial hardship of poor households. There is a high demand to determine the enrolment rate and ability to pay before scale-up of the scheme by the government to be sure of its feasibility and sustainability. Objective: To determine willingness to join and pay for a community-based health insurance scheme and associated factors among rural households of selected districts in Jimma Zone, 2018. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed in selected districts of Jimma Zone, Ethiopia. Multistage simple randomsamplingwas used to select 422 households. Data were collected using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. A double bounded contingent valuation method was applied to elicit households ’ willingness to pay for the scheme. Data were entered into Epi-Data 3.1 and analyzed with SPSS V.23. A binary logistic regression model was ﬁ tted to determine the presence of statistically signi ﬁ cant associations between thedependent and independent variables at p -value <0.05and AOR values with 95% CI. Results: Of 422 sampled respondents, 389 participated in this study with a response rate of 92%. Of these, 305 (78%) were willing to join and 274 (90%) of them were willing to pay. The average amount of money the households were willing to pay per household per annum was 228 ETB (8.27 USD), with a range of 100 – 500 ETB. The older age groups, poor households, and experience of local risk-sharing schemes were found to be determinants for willingness to join the community-based health insurance. Similarly, having a large family size, and low economic and education status of households were signi ﬁ cant predictors of willingness to pay for this scheme. Conclusion: A high proportion of households were willing to join and pay for the CBHI scheme. The average amount of money they were willing to pay for the scheme was very slightly lower than what is planned by the government. Thus, the government of Ethiopia should strengthen efforts to scale up this scheme in the rural areas of the country speci ﬁ cally to districts not yet enrolled, to reduce direct out-of-pocket payment at service delivery points. This will also contribute to guaranteeing dwellers of rural areas access to quality health services without facing ﬁ nancial hardship, to achieve universal health coverage for all by the end of 2035.
15 years of collostructions Some long overdue additions/corrections (to/of actually all sorts of corpus-linguistics measures)

This paper discusses a variety of potential shortcomings of most of the most widely-used association measures as used in collocation research and col-lostructional analyses. To address these shortcomings, I then discuss a research program called tupleization , an approach that does away with the usual kinds of information conflation by keeping relevant corpus-linguistic dimensions of information – e.g. frequency, association/contingency, dispersion, entropy, etc. – separate and analyzing them in a multidimensional way; I conclude with pointers towards how these dimensions could, if deemed absolutely necessary, be conflated for the simplest kinds of of rankings as well as strategies for future research.
Link Prediction in evolving networks based on the popularity of nodes

Link prediction aims to uncover the underlying relationship behind networks, which could be utilized to predict the missing edges or identify the spurious edges, and attracts much attention from various fields. The key issue of link prediction is to estimate the likelihood of two nodes in networks. Most current approaches of link prediction base on static structural analysis and ignore the temporal aspects of evolving networks. Unlike previous work, in this paper, we propose a popularity based structural perturbation method (PBSPM) that characterizes the similarity of an edge not only from existing connections of networks, but also from the popularity of its two endpoints, since popular nodes have much more probability to form links between themselves. By taking popularity of nodes into account, PBSPM could suppress nodes that have high importance, but gradually become inactive. Therefore the proposed method is inclined to predict potential edges between active nodes, rather than edges between inactive nodes. Experimental results on four real networks show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods both in accuracy and robustness in evolving networks.
The Nottingham Prognostic Index: five- and ten-year data for all-cause survival within a screened population.

INTRODUCTION The Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) is an established prognostication tool in the management of breast cancers (BCs). Latest ten-year survival data have demonstrated an improved outlook for each NPI category and the latest UK five- and ten-year survival from BC has been reported to be 85% and 77%, respectively. We compared survival of each NPI category for BCs diagnosed within the national breast screening service in Wales (Breast Test Wales (BTW)) to the latest data, and reviewed its validity in unselected cases within a screened population. METHODS All women screened between 1998 and 2001 within BTW were included. The NPI score for each cancer was calculated using the size, nodal status, and grade of the primary tumour. Survival data (all-cause) were calculated after ten years of follow-up. RESULTS In the three-year screening period, 199,082 women were screened. A total of 1,712 cancers were diagnosed, and 1,546 had data available for calculating the NPI. Overall five-year and ten-year survival was 94% and 82%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Overall five-year and ten-year survival (all-cause) has improved even when compared with UK data for BC-specific survival. We found that the NPI remains valid for BC treatment, and that our data provide a reference for updating the all-cause survival of women diagnosed with BCs within a screened population.