Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Birth Order and Sibling Sex Ratio of Children and Adolescents Referred to a Gender Identity Service

In adult male samples, homosexuality is associated with a preponderance of older brothers (i.e., the fraternal birth order effect). In several studies comparing gender dysphoric youth, who are likely to be homosexual in adulthood, to clinical or non-clinical control groups, the findings have been consistent with the fraternal birth order effect in males; however, less is known about unique sibship characteristics of gender dysphoric females. The current study investigated birth order and sibling sex ratio in a large sample of children and adolescents referred to the same Gender Identity Service (N = 768). Probands were classified as heterosexual males, homosexual males, or homosexual females based on clinical diagnostic information. Groups differed significantly in age and sibship size, and homosexual females were significantly more likely to be only children. Subsequent analyses controlled for age and for sibship size. Compared to heterosexual males, homosexual males had a significant preponderance of older brothers and homosexual females had a significant preponderance of older sisters. Similarly, the older sibling sex ratio of homosexual males showed a significant excess of brothers whereas that of homosexual females showed a significant excess of sisters. Like previous studies of gender dysphoric youth and adults, these findings were consistent with the fraternal birth order effect. In addition, the greater frequency of only children and elevated numbers of older sisters among the homosexual female group adds to a small literature on sibship characteristics of potential relevance to the development of gender identity and sexual orientation in females.
Active correlation tracking

We describe methods of identifying and exploiting sharing patterns in multi-threaded DSM applications. Active correlation tracking is used to determine the affinity, or amount of sharing, in pairs of threads. Thread affinities are combined to create correlation maps, which summarize sharing between all pairs of threads in the application. Correlation maps can be used in two ways. First, they can be used as an aid for performance tuning, Second, they can be used to estimate the impact on communication requirements of reconfiguring running applications through thread migration. Thread migration provides a way of tuning applications for which sharing information is not known a priori, and a means of adapting to dynamic algorithms or environments. We show that i) accurate thread affinities can be obtained without multiple rounds of migration, ii) thread affinities lead to good approximations of application communication requirements, iii) simple heuristics can use thread affinities to efficiently approximate optimal mappings of threads to nodes, and iv) good placement is essential for high performance.
Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology Suppression of Deacetylase SIRT 1 Mediates Tumor-SuppressiveNOTCHResponse andOffers aNovel Treatment Option in Metastatic Ewing Sarcoma

The developmental receptor NOTCH plays an important role in various human cancers as a consequence of oncogenic mutations. Here we describe a novel mechanism of NOTCH-induced tumor suppression involving modulation of the deacetylase SIRT1, providing a rationale for the use of SIRT1 inhibitors to treat cancers where this mechanism is inactivated because of SIRT1 overexpression. In Ewing sarcoma cells, NOTCH signaling is abrogated by the driver oncogene EWS-FLI1. Restoration of NOTCH signaling caused growth arrest due to activation of theNOTCHeffectorHEY1, directly suppressing SIRT1 and thereby activating p53. Thismechanismof tumor suppression was validated in Ewing sarcoma cells, B-cell tumors, and human keratinocytes where NOTCH dysregulation has been implicated pathogenically. Notably, the SIRT1/2 inhibitor Tenovin-6 killed Ewing sarcoma cells in vitro and prohibited tumor growth and spread in an established xenograft model in zebrafish. Using immunohistochemistry to analyze primary tissue specimens, we found that high SIRT1 expressionwas associated with Ewing sarcoma metastasis and poor prognosis. Our findings suggest a mechanistic rationale for the use of SIRT1 inhibitors being developed to treat metastatic disease in patients with Ewing sarcoma. Cancer Res; 74(22);
A novel synthesis method for designing electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures in packaged mixed signal systems

Electromagnetic (EM) simulation of electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures is computationally expensive when multiple iterations are required. For the first time, in this paper, a novel synthesis method for designing EBG structures has been proposed. The method consists of three major approaches: current path approximation method (CPA-method), border to border radius (B2BR), and power loss method (PLM). CPA-method is based on the current flow on a periodically patterned power/ground plane. CPA-method gives a final dimension of EBG structure for a desired stop band frequency. B2BR determines the maximum number of patches implementable within a given area. PLM calculates isolation level of an EBG structure based on the transmitted power. The proposed approaches have been combined together to synthesize an EBG structure for a given specification. The synthesized EBG structure with these approaches has been fabricated and verified with EM simulation and measurement. The EBG structure has shown excellent stop band and isolation level agreements with the desired specification
The context-switch overhead inflicted by hardware interrupts (and the enigma of do-nothing loops)

The overhead of a context switch is typically associated with multitasking, where several applications share a processor. But even if only one runnable application is present in the system and supposedly runs alone, it is still repeatedly preempted in favor of a different thread of execution, namely, the operating system that services periodic clock interrupts. We employ two complementing methodologies to measure the overhead incurred by such events and obtain contradictory results. The first methodology systematically changes the interrupt frequency and measures by how much this prolongs the duration of a program that sorts an array. The overall overhead is found to be 0.5-1.5% at 1000 Hz, linearly proportional to the tick rate, and steadily declining as the speed of processors increases. If the kernel is configured such that each tick is slowed down by an access to an external time source, then the direct overhead dominates. Otherwise, the relative weight of the indirect portion is steadily growing with processors' speed, accounting for up to 85% of the total. The second methodology repeatedly executes a simplistic loop (calibrated to take 1ms), measures the actual execution time, and analyzes the perturbations. Some loop implementations yield results similar to the above, but others indicate that the overhead is actually an order of magnitude bigger, or worse. The phenomenon was observed on IA32, IA64, and Power processors, the latter being part of the ASC Purple supercomputer. Importantly, the effect is greatly amplified for parallel jobs, where one late thread holds up all its peers, causing a slowdown that is dominated by the per-node latency (numerator) and the job granularity (denominator). We trace the bizarre effect to an unexplained interrupt/loop interaction; the question of whether this hardware mis-feature is experienced by real applications remains open.
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of chronic total occlusions. determinants of primary success and long‐term clinical outcome

This study was conducted to assess the determinants of the procedural success and long‐term clinical benefits of percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTCA) of chronic total occlusion (CTO) in recent years. Two hundred and twenty‐six consecutive patients who underwent PTCA of CTO were divided into two groups according to the procedural success (n = 134) or failure (n = 92). Both groups were analyzed in terms of the initial success, predictors of procedural failure, and clinical outcome. The procedural success rate was noted to have improved to more than 70% since 1995. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of calcification, the length of the occlusion and the presence of multivessel disease were independent predictors of procedural failure. Cardiac death and the need for coronary surgery were significantly less frequent in patients with procedural success than in those with procedural failure. In properly selected cases, the success rate of PTCA of CTO is acceptable. Long‐term clinical benefit is suggested by the high rate of freedom from coronary surgery and the low cardiac death rate in the patients who underwent successful revascularization. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 49:258–264, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A complete axiom set for Hansson's deontic logic DSDL2

The main contribution of this paper is a (strong) completeness result for an axiomatization of Hansson [13]’s deontic system DSDL2, whose semantics involves a non-necessarily transitive betterness relation. Reference is made to a deductive system put forth by Åqvist [2, 3]
Heart Rate Responses to Autonomic Challenges in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is accompanied by structural alterations and dysfunction in central autonomic regulatory regions, which may impair dynamic and static cardiovascular regulation, and contribute to other syndrome pathologies. Characterizing cardiovascular responses to autonomic challenges may provide insights into central nervous system impairments, including contributions by sex, since structural alterations are enhanced in OSA females over males. The objective was to assess heart rate responses in OSA versus healthy control subjects to autonomic challenges, and, separately, characterize female and male patterns. We studied 94 subjects, including 37 newly-diagnosed, untreated OSA patients (6 female, age mean±std: 52.1±8.1 years; 31 male aged 54.3±8.4 years), and 57 healthy control subjects (20 female, 50.5±8.1 years; 37 male, 45.6±9.2 years). We measured instantaneous heart rate with pulse oximetry during cold pressor, hand grip, and Valsalva maneuver challenges. All challenges elicited significant heart rate differences between OSA and control groups during and after challenges (repeated measures ANOVA, p<0.05). In post-hoc analyses, OSA females showed greater impairments than OSA males, which included: for cold pressor, lower initial increase (OSA vs. control: 9.5 vs. 7.3 bpm in females, 7.6 vs. 3.7 bpm in males), OSA delay to initial peak (2.5 s females/0.9 s males), slower mid-challenge rate-of-increase (OSA vs. control: −0.11 vs. 0.09 bpm/s in females, 0.03 vs. 0.06 bpm/s in males); for hand grip, lower initial peak (OSA vs. control: 2.6 vs. 4.6 bpm in females, 5.3 vs. 6.0 bpm in males); for Valsalva maneuver, lower Valsalva ratio (OSA vs. control: 1.14 vs. 1.30 in females, 1.29 vs. 1.34 in males), and OSA delay during phase II (0.68 s females/1.31 s males). Heart rate responses showed lower amplitude, delayed onset, and slower rate changes in OSA patients over healthy controls, and impairments may be more pronounced in females. The dysfunctions may reflect central injury in the syndrome, and suggest autonomic deficiencies that may contribute to further tissue and functional pathologies.
3. Multimodal Communication

1. Why is the topic of multimodal communication interesting? Face-to-face communication is the evolutionary primary and most common way of communicating for humans. It is not unlikely that vocal-verbal language with more or less intentional control, but still to some extent systematic, developed from being action-and gesture-based to being vocally based (Arbib 2005). In contrast to the hundreds of thousands of years of natural development of face-to-face communication, communication technologies have been artificially developed in order to supplement, enhance or replace certain types of face-to-face communication and today we have a situation of steadily increasing use of communication technology with possibilities for using multiple modalities. In this chapter, we will give an account of human-to-human multimodal communication, in order to have a background for a discussion of the use of multimodality in new communication technology (see also Lücking and Pfeifer as well as Gibbon both in this volume). We will primarily deal with face-to-face communication, rather than multimedia in relation to written communication. First, we turn to a brief overview of human-human communication in order to see what features can potentially be used in human-computer interaction in general and more specifically in dialog and tutoring systems. Then, we will discuss some problems in making computer based systems multimodal and thereby more human like. 2. Human-human communication 2.1. What is multimodal communication? The word " modal " has the fairly abstract meaning " pertaining to manner or mode " (e.g., Collins English Dictionary 2009), so it is not surprising that the term " multimodal communication " has been used in many different ways. For example, it has been used for the three phenomena that might more appropriately be called " multi-medial communication " , " multi-representational communication " and " multi-mass-medial communication " (cf. Allwood 2008). Here we will take " multimodal communication " to mean communication involving more than two of the sensory modalities (sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste). For practical purposes, we will also, besides " sensory or perception modalities " , talk about " production modalities " , by which we mean human bodily
Genomewide identification of proteins secreted by the Hrp type III protein secretion system of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000

The ability of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 to be pathogenic on plants depends on the Hrp (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity) type III protein secretion system and the effector proteins it translocates into plant cells. Through iterative application of experimental and computational techniques, the DC3000 effector inventory has been substantially enlarged. Five homologs of known avirulence (Avr) proteins and five effector candidates, encoded by genes with putative Hrp promoters and signatures of horizontal acquisition, were demonstrated to be secreted in culture and/or translocated into Arabidopsis in a Hrp-dependent manner. These 10 Hrp-dependent outer proteins (Hops) were designated HopPtoC (AvrPpiC2 homolog), HopPtoD1 and HopPtoD2 (AvrPphD homologs), HopPtoK (AvrRps4 homolog), HopPtoJ (AvrXv3 homolog), HopPtoE, HopPtoG, HopPtoH, HopPtoI, and HopPtoS1 (an ADP-ribosyltransferase homolog). Analysis of the enlarged collection of proteins traveling the Hrp pathway in P. syringae revealed an export-associated pattern of equivalent solvent-exposed amino acids in the N-terminal five positions, a lack of Asp or Glu residues in the first 12 positions, and amphipathicity in the first 50 positions. These characteristics were used to search the unfinished DC3000 genome, yielding 32 additional candidate effector genes that predicted proteins with Hrp export signals and that also possessed signatures of horizontal acquisition. Among these were genes encoding additional ADP-ribosyltransferases, a homolog of SrfC (a candidate effector in Salmonella enterica), a catalase, and a glucokinase. One ADP-ribosyltransferase and the SrfC homolog were tested and shown to be secreted in a Hrp-dependent manner. These proteins, designated HopPtoS2 and HopPtoL, respectively, bring the DC3000 Hrp-secreted protein inventory to 22.
An Observation Tool for Studying Patient-oriented Workflow in Hospital Emergency Departments

Summary Background: Studying workflow is a critical step in designing, implementing and evalu -ating informatics interventions in complex sociotechnical settings, such as hospital emergency departments (EDs). Known approaches to studying workflow in clinical settings attend to the activities of individual clinicians, thus being inadequate to characterize patient care as a cooperative work. Objectives: The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we introduce a novel, theory-driven patient-oriented workflow method -ology, which better addresses the complex, multiple-provider nature of patient care. Second, we report the development of an observational tool and protocol for use in studies of this type, and the results of an evaluation study. Methods: We created a tablet computer implementation of an instrument to efficiently capture patient-oriented workflow, and evaluated it through a field study in three EDs. We focused on activities occurring over time during a single patient care episode as well as the roles of the ED staff members who conducted the activities. Results: The evidence generated supports the validity, viability, and reliability of the tool. The coverage of the tool in terms of ac -tivities and roles was satisfactory. The tool was able to capture the sequence of activity-role pairs for 108 patient care episodes. The inter-rater reliability assessment yielded a high kappa value (0.79). Discussion: The patient-oriented workflow methodology has the potential to facilitate modeling patient care in EDs by character -izing both roles and activities in sequence. The methodology also provides researchers and practitioners a more realistic and comprehensive workflow perspective that can inform the design, implementation and evaluation of health information technology interventions.
Cost-optimal composition synthesis for modular robots

The ongoing trend of increasing product individualization requires more flexible solutions in production systems. Modular robots address this demand since they can be assembled in different ways from a given set of modules. One of the reasons why modular robots are not yet successfully introduced in the market is that it is not clear how to assemble modules such that the robot will be able to achieve a specific task optimally, especially in the presence of obstacles. This problem is challenging since a huge combination of possible assemblies exists and one has to find the optimal trajectory for each of them. We address exactly this issue not by finding optimal solutions for each assembly, but instead pruning the search space: First, we remove assemblies that cannot achieve the task before starting the process of finding optimal trajectories. Second, we exploit the iterative nature of numerical optimization routines by removing assemblies that are not promising in each iteration. We demonstrate that our approach is clearly better compared to finding assemblies by optimizing trajectories for each assembly individually.
Anatomy transfer

Characters with precise internal anatomy are important in film and visual effects, as well as in medical applications. We propose the first semi-automatic method for creating anatomical structures, such as bones, muscles, viscera and fat tissues. This is done by transferring a reference anatomical model from an input template to an arbitrary target character, only defined by its boundary representation (skin). The fat distribution of the target character needs to be specified. We can either infer this information from MRI data, or allow the users to express their creative intent through a new editing tool. The rest of our method runs automatically: it first transfers the bones to the target character, while maintaining their structure as much as possible. The bone layer, along with the target skin eroded using the fat thickness information, are then used to define a volume where we map the internal anatomy of the source model using harmonic (Laplacian) deformation. This way, we are able to quickly generate anatomical models for a large range of target characters, while maintaining anatomical constraints.
Species coexistence in a changing world

The consequences of global change for the maintenance of species diversity will depend on the sum of each species responses to the environment and on the interactions among them. A wide ecological literature supports that these species-specific responses can arise from factors related to life strategies, evolutionary history and intraspecific variation, and also from environmental variation in space and time. In the light of recent advances from coexistence theory combined with mechanistic explanations of diversity maintenance, we discuss how global change drivers can influence species coexistence. We revise the importance of both competition and facilitation for understanding coexistence in different ecosystems, address the influence of phylogenetic relatedness, functional traits, phenotypic plasticity and intraspecific variability, and discuss lessons learnt from invasion ecology. While most previous studies have focused their efforts on disentangling the mechanisms that maintain the biological diversity in species-rich ecosystems such as tropical forests, grasslands and coral reefs, we argue that much can be learnt from pauci-specific communities where functional variability within each species, together with demographic and stochastic processes becomes key to understand species interactions and eventually community responses to global change.
A Discrete GABAergic Relay Mediates Medial Prefrontal Cortical Inhibition of the Neuroendocrine Stress Response

Complementing its roles in cognitive and affective information processing, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a nodal point of a limbic forebrain circuit that modulates stress-related homeostatic mechanisms, including the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. mPFC influences on HPA output are predominantly inhibitory and emanate from the prelimbic and/or dorsal anterior cingulate cortical fields (PL and ACd, respectively). mPFC projections do not target HPA effector neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) directly, distributing instead to nearby forebrain regions, including some that house GABAergic neurons implicated in inhibitory PVH control. To identify pathway(s) subserving HPA-inhibitory mPFC influences, an initial screen for sources of GABAergic input to PVH whose sensitivity to an acute emotional (restraint) stress was diminished by PL/ACd lesions identified a discrete region of the anterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (aBST) as a candidate for fulfilling this role. Anatomical tracing experiments confirmed projections from PL (but not ACd) to implicated aBST cell groups, and from these to PVH. Finally, selective immunotoxin-mediated ablation of GABAergic aBST neurons recapitulated the effects of PL/ACd lesions on acute stress-induced activation of HPA output. The identification of a proximate mediator of HPA-inhibitory limbic influences provides a framework for clarifying how inhibitory neural and hormonal controls of HPA output are integrated, adaptations of the axis to chronic stress are effected, and how endocrine abnormalities may contribute to stress-related psychiatric illnesses in which mPFC dysfunction is implicated.