Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional transition in the wake of bluff elongated cylinders

Despite little supporting evidence, there appears to be an implicit assumption that the wakes of two-dimensional bluff bodies undergo transition to three-dimensional flow and eventually turbulence, through the same sequence of transitions as observed for a circular cylinder wake. Previous studies of a square cylinder wake support this assumption. In this paper, the transition to three-dimensional wake flow is examined for an elongated cylinder with an aerodynamic leading edge and square trailing edge. The three-dimensional instability modes are determined as a function of aspect ratio ($\hbox{\it AR}\,{=}\,$length to width). Floquet analysis reveals that three distinct instabilities occur. These are referred to as Modes A, B$^\prime$ and S$^\prime$ through analogy with the modes for circular and square cylinders. For aspect ratios less than approximately 7.5, Mode A is the most unstable mode. For aspect ratios greater than this, the most unstable mode switches to Mode B$^\prime$. This has the same spatio-temporal symmetry as Mode B for a circular cylinder, but a spanwise wavelength and near-wake features more in common with Mode S for a square cylinder. The dominant wavelength for this mode is approximately two cylinder thicknesses, much longer than for Mode B for a circular cylinder. It is found that the critical Reynolds number for the onset of the Mode A instability varies approximately with the square root of the aspect ratio. On the other hand, the critical Reynolds number for Mode B$^\prime$ is almost independent of aspect ratio. For large aspect ratios, the separation in Reynolds number between the critical Reynolds numbers is substantial; for instance, for $\hbox{\it AR}\,{=}\,17.5$, these values are approximately 450 and 700. In fact, for this aspect ratio, the third instability mode, Mode S$^\prime$, is more unstable than Mode A. These results suggest that the transition scenario for elongated bluff bodies may be distinctly different to short bodies such as circular or square cylinders. At the very least, the dominant spanwise wavelength in the turbulent wake is likely to be much longer than that for a circular cylinder wake. In addition, the reversal of the ordering of occurrence of the two modes with the different spatial symmetries is likely to affect the development of spatio-temporal chaos as a precursor to fully turbulent flow. In conjunction with prior work, the current results indicate that nearly all three-dimensional instabilities of the vortex street can be identified as one of only a handful of transition modes.
Context-Aware Dynamic Word Embeddings for Aspect Term Extraction

The aspect term extraction (ATE) task aims to extract aspect terms describing a part or an attribute of a product from review sentences. Most existing works rely on either general or domain embedding to address this problem. Despite the promising results, the importance of general and domain embeddings is still ignored by most methods, resulting in degraded performances. Besides, word embedding is also related to downstream tasks, and how to regularize word embeddings to capture context-aware information is an unresolved problem. To solve these issues, we first propose context-aware dynamic word embedding (CDWE), which could simultaneously consider general meanings, domain-specific meanings, and the context information of words. Based on CDWE, we propose an attention-based convolution neural network, called ADWE-CNN for ATE, which could adaptively capture the previous meanings of words by utilizing an attention mechanism to assign different importance to the respective embeddings. The experimental results show that ADWE-CNN achieves a comparable performance with the state-of-the-art approaches. Various ablation studies have been conducted to explore the benefit of each component. Our code is publicly available at http://github.com/xiejiajia2018/ADWE-CNN.
Multiple scattering by randomly distributed obstacles--Methods of solution

Methods of solution of problems of multiple scattering of electromagnetic radiation by randomly distributed obstacles are evaluated with respect to generality, accuracy, and suitability for numerical calculations. Exact solutions are found to be limited to infinite regions and are difficult to apply for anisotropic scattering. Approximate solutions of the transport equation are limited to simple regions and are very complicated for anisotropic scattering. Approximate representation of the scattering process with the classical diffusion equation permits solution for almost all conditions, but the solution is inaccurate near the boundaries of the region of scattering. Approximate representation of the intensity by a number of discrete components permits solution for many geometries. Several two-component representations have been developed which yield more accurate results than diffusion theory for anisotropic scattering. A six-component model appears to be considerably more accurate for most geometries but requires machine computations.
Dark currents, responsivity, and response time in graded gap HgCdTe structures

The nominally sharp interfaces in layered HgCdTe heterostructures are affected by interdiffusion for growth at a temperature of above 300 K. Significant composition and doping grading always occur in layered HgCdTe heterostructures grown with MOCVD (360°C), LPE (480°C), and ISOVPE (500°C) epitaxial techniques. MBE (170°C) is the only technique that practically does not introduce significant diffusion grading, but it can be introduced by post growth processing, especially during dopants activation. The purpose of this paper was to explain how the grading affects performance of photodetectors operating at near room temperatures (190-300 K). Influence of the growth related and intentional grading on dark currents and response time was studied with numerical calculations and experiments. Practical infrared devices with controlled grading were grown with programmed MOCVD and characterized. The studies revealed interesting properties of the N+pP+ devices with graded interfaces. Controlled grading minimizes Auger, Shockley-Read and tunnel currents, increases responsivity and linearity range. The grading is also important for high frequency performance of the devices.
Taxi destination prediction based on LSTM with tree memory module

Taxi destination prediction can grasp the flow direction of the taxi, facilitate the taxi dispatches. There has always been a long-term dependency problem in taxi trajectory prediction. Although LSTM can solve the long-term dependency problem to a certain extent, it does not have a good ability to deal with the deep correlation between long trajectory sequences. To address the above problem, we propose a taxi destination prediction method based on LSTM with Tree Memory Module (TMM-LSTM). TMM-LSTM stores the state of the input trajectory through an external memory structure. It uses a tree structure to process more historical information and better deal with the long-term relationship between trajectory points. TMM-LSTM can better solve the long-term dependency problem in the taxi trajectory sequence. Experiments demonstrate that the average error distance is 6% lower than traditional LSTM model.
A Flexible and Decoupled Space Vector Modulation Scheme With Carrier-Based Implementation for Multilevel Converters

This article proposes a novel space vector pulsewidth modulation (SVPWM) scheme for multilevel converters in the abc coordinate system, in which the reference vector is decomposed into an offset vector and a remainder vector that can be synthesized using two-level SVPWM. The switching state satisfying a specific relationship is first selected as the offset vector such that the common-mode components are eliminated, and therefore, the phase voltages are decoupled. A dynamic reference point mechanism establishes a one-to-one correspondence between all available vector combinations and one unique variable, i.e., the number of level shifts. This feature further facilitates a general approach to determining the optimum switching states to satisfy different control objectives, such as common-mode voltage rejection. Besides, phase decoupling enables the introduction of carrier-based modulation to simplify implementation, where the duty cycle of the zero vector can be flexibly adjusted, while the nonzero vectors remain the same to generate an equivalent output. Consequently, the two-level SVPWM-based method and carrier-based pulsewidth modulation are combined to exploit their respective strengths. The proposed scheme achieves overmodulation operation and provides more flexibility, i.e., redundant switching states and adjustable duty cycles, to optimize switching patterns. Simulation and experimental results validate the proposed algorithm.
Neural Processing of Odors with Different Well-Being Associations—Findings from Two Consecutive Neuroimaging Studies

Much is known about the effect of odors on mood, cognition and behavior, but little is known about the relationship between odors and well-being. We investigated the neural processing of odors with different degrees of association with well-being (WB) through two large independent datasets. The study encompassed pre-testing and fMRI. During pre-testing, 100 and 80 (studies 1 and 2) young, healthy subjects participated, rating intensity, valence, and WB association for 14 (study 1) and 8 (study 2) different odors. Pre-testing resulted in the selection of two odors with high WB association (WB-associated) and two odors with lower WB association (neutral odors) for each study. Odors were delivered intranasally to the subjects who underwent fMRI scanning (44 and 41 subjects, respectively, for studies 1 and 2). We assessed brain activity for subjects when they experienced WB-associated versus neutral odors. In study 1, WB-associated odors showed increased activation in the right angular gyrus whereas in study 2, increased activity in the left angular gyrus existed, together with increased activity in the anterior cingulate cortex and posterior orbitofrontal cortex. The increased activity of higher-order cognitive and emotional regions during the processing of WB-associated odors in the two independent studies suggests a role of odors in influencing individual well-being. Moreover, the consistent activation of the angular gyrus might suggest its key role in shifting attention toward relevant emotional stimuli.
Laboratory characterization of the ARGOS laser wavefront sensor

In this paper we present the integration status of the ARGOS wavefront sensor and the results of the closed loop tests performed in laboratory. ARGOS is the laser guide star adaptive optics system of the Large Binocular Telescope. It is designed to implement a Ground Layer Adaptive Optics correction for LUCI, an infrared imaging camera and multi-object spectrograph, using 3 pulsed Rayleigh beacons focused at 12km altitude. The WFS is configured as a Shack-Hartman sensor having a 15 x 15 subaspertures over the telescope pupil. In the WFS each LGS is independently stabilized for on-sky jitter and range-gated to reduce spot elongation. The 3 LGS are arranged on a single lenslet array and detector by the use of off-axis optics in the final part of the WFS. The units of WFS are in the integration and testing phase at Arcetri Observatory premises. We describe here the test aimed to demonstrate the functionality of the WFS in an adaptive optics closed loop performed using the internal light sources of the WFS and a MEMS deformable mirror.
Intrusion Detection System CAN-Bus In-Vehicle Networks Based on the Statistical Characteristics of Attacks

For in-vehicle network communication, the controller area network (CAN) broadcasts to all connected nodes without address validation. Therefore, it is highly vulnerable to all sorts of attack scenarios. This research proposes a novel intrusion detection system (IDS) for CAN to identify in-vehicle network anomalies. The statistical characteristics of attacks provide valuable information about the inherent intrusion patterns and behaviors. We employed two real-world attack scenarios from publicly available datasets to record a real-time response against intrusions with increased precision for in-vehicle network environments. Our proposed IDS can exploit malicious patterns by calculating thresholds and using the statistical properties of attacks, making attack detection more efficient. The optimized threshold value is calculated using brute-force optimization for various window sizes to minimize the total error. The reference values of normality require a few legitimate data frames for effective intrusion detection. The experimental findings validate that our suggested method can efficiently detect fuzzy, merge, and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks with low false-positive rates. It is also demonstrated that the total error decreases with an increasing attack rate for varying window sizes. The results indicate that our proposed IDS minimizes the misclassification rate and is hence better suited for in-vehicle networks.
Existence of global attractors for the three‐dimensional Brinkman–Forchheimer equation

In this paper, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of solutions of the three‐dimensional Brinkman–Forchheimer equation. We first prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the equation in L2, and then show that the equation has a global attractor in H2 when the external forcing term belongs to L2. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential strain and residual anisotropy in silica glass

To understand the behavior of SiO2 glass under high pressure and differential stress, we conducted radial x-ray diffraction measurements on SiO2 glass up to 60 GPa, in which x-rays irradiate the sample from a direction perpendicular to the compression axis of a uniaxial apparatus. The differential strain of SiO2 glass, determined from the azimuth angle dependence of the position of the first sharp diffraction peak, was very large especially at pressures below 20 GPa and decreased with increasing pressure. After decompression, a large differential strain, equivalent to about 2 GPa in differential stress, remained in the glass at ambient conditions. We attribute this residual anisotropy to the anisotropic permanent densification, which is caused by the anisotropic change in intermediate-range structure, i.e., the anisotropic reconstruction of the network structure consisting of SiO4 tetrahedra.
The Gut Microbiota of Broilers Reared with and without Antibiotic Treatment

The aim of this study was to examine the microbiota in broilers reared with and without antibiotics and to investigate differences between the upper, middle and lower sections of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). One of two commercial flocks was treated with an antibiotic (T) (20 mg trimethoprim and 100 mg sulfamethoxazole per ml in the drinking water for 3 days) and the other was left untreated (UT). The GIT contents of 51 treated and untreated birds were aseptically removed from the upper (U), middle (M) and lower (L) sections. These were pooled in triplicate (n = 17 per section per flock), the DNA extracted and purified, 16S amplicon metagenomic sequencing performed and the resultant data analysed using a range of bioinformatics software. There were significant differences in the microbiota of the upper, middle and lower GIT, and treatment with the antibiotic significantly affected the microbiota in each of these sections. This study provides new data on broiler GIT microbiota and suggests that GIT location is a more important determinant of the constituent bacterial flora rather than the use or otherwise of antimicrobial treatments, at least when applied early in the production cycle.
Optimization of legged robot locomotion by control of foot-force distribution

The contribution of this paper is the introduction of three new pseudo-inverse formulations for the real-time control of foot-force distribution in multi-legged walking machines. Three alternative locomotion performance objectives are proposed for the purpose of optimizing the foot-force distribution. An exhaustive search method has been used to obtain truly optimal results, which are then used for comparison with the results obtained using suboptimal pseudo-inverse formulations that are suitable for real-time control. Simulation results show that, by using the appropriate pseudo-inverse formulation, a good approximation to the corresponding optimal foot-force distribution can be obtained. Furthermore, it is clear that the friction duty factor formulation provides an excellent real-time solution for minimizing the risk of foot-slip.
Assessment of QTc interval changes in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia for elective surgery

Background and Aim: A prolonged QT interval is one of the causes of sudden death and the occurrence of arrhythmias. It is needed to revision more the increasing frequency of spinal anesthesia and unidentified causes of some of its complications, such as sudden and preventable death. This study aimed at examining the QTc interval changes in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia for elective surgery. Materials and Methods: This is an analytical study conducted from March 2020 till Feb 2022. We studied QTc interval changes before, during and after the spinal anesthesia. 177 patients aged 20-60 years selected for spinal anesthesia. The electrocardiogram (ECG) performed three periods before and 10 and 150 minutes after anesthesia. Data collected and analyzed via SPSS ver. 14.5. The significance level was P-value<0.05. Results: The average QT interval before operation, during operation and after operation was respectively (365.35 ± 30.32), (374.36 ± 28.99) (377.74 ± 30.52) and this difference is statistically significant. It was significant (P=0.01). The average QTc interval before operation, during operation and after operation was respectively (407.88±29.11) (408.13±26.22) (408.13±26.22) which was statistically significant (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Marcaine increased the QTc interval during spinal anesthesia, which was statistically significant. But spinal anesthesia had no significant effect on PR interval.
Contrasting Different Distance Functions Using K-Means Algorithm

Data mining is the process of semi-automatically analyzing large databases to find useful patterns where the Prediction based on past history. Some of the prediction mechanisms includes Classification, Regression, Clustering, and Association. Clustering is the classification of objects into different groups, or more precisely, the partitioning of a data set into subsets (clusters), so that the data in each subset (ideally) share some common trait often according to some defined distance measure
Exploring Fine-Grained In-Memory Database Performance for Modern CPUs

Modern CPUs keep integrating more cores and large size cache, which is beneficial for in-memory databases to improve parallel processing power and cache locality. While state-of-the-art CPUs have diverse architectures and roadmaps such as large core count and large cache size (AMD x86), moderate core count and cache size (intel x86), large core count and moderate cache size (ARM), exploring in-memory databases performance characteristics for different CPU architectures is important for in-memory database designs and optimizations. In this article, we develop a fine-grained in-memory database benchmark to evaluate the performance of each operator on different CPUs to explore how CPU hardware architectures influence performance. Different from well known conclusions that more cores and larger cache size can achieve higher performance, we find out that the micro cache architectures play an important role opposite to core count and cache size, the shared monolithic L3 cache with moderate size beats large disaggregated L3 cache. The experiments also show that predicting operator performance on different CPUs is difficult according to diverse CPU architectures and micro cache architectures, and different implementations of each operator are not always high or low with interleaved strong and weak performance regions influenced by CPU hardware architectures. Intel x86 CPUs represent cache-centric processor design, while AMD x86 and ARM CPUs represent computing-centric processor design, the OLAP benchmark experiments of SSB discover that OmniSciDB and OLAP Accelerator with vector-wise processing model performs well on intel x86 CPUs compared to AMD x86 CPUs and the JIT compliant based Hyper prefers to AMD x86 CPUs rather than intel x86 CPUs. The CPU roadmaps of increasing cores or improving cache locality should be considered for in-memory database algorithm design and platform selection.
Clinical Practice Guideline for Gastritis in Korea

Gastritis is a disease characterized by inflammation of the gastric mucosa. It is very common and has various classification systems such as the updated Sydney system. As there is a lot of evidence that Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with the development of gastric cancer and that gastric cancer can be prevented by eradication, H. pylori gastritis has been emphasized recently. The incidence rate of gastric cancer in Korea is the highest in the world, and due to the spread of screening endoscopy, atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia are commonly diagnosed in the general population. However, there have been no clinical guidelines developed in Korea for these lesions. Therefore, this clinical guideline has been developed by the Korean College of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research for important topics that are frequently encountered in clinical situations related to gastritis. Evidence-based guidelines were developed through systematic review and de novo processes, and eight recommendations were made for eight key questions. This guideline needs to be periodically revised according to the needs of clinical practice or as important evidence about this issue is published in the future.
Research on parking lot recommendation system based on collaborative filtering

Parking lot selection is an important part of drivers' parking behavior. Building a good parking lot recommendation system can reduce the time of parking lot selection and effectively alleviate parking problems. Firstly, the process of parking lot selection and the principle of collaborative filtering are analyzed. Then, the data of drivers' preferences are collected, and the cosine similarity method is used to find similar drivers and parking lots. Finally, based on the collaborative filtering theory, using MATLAB to realize the construction of parking lot recommendation system. The results show that the recommendation system can better recommend parking lots for drivers and facilitate drivers to make decisions quickly.