Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utilizing the Quoting System of Online Web Forums to Estimate User Agreement

Online web forums have become one of the most popular places for opinion exchange and thus, complex agreement-disagreement relationships are formed between their users. In this paper, a novel method is proposed that creates a graph representation of a discussion by using the quoting mechanism offered by almost all web forums. By applying a variant of coloring on the previous graph, we are able to separate the participating users into groups, depending on their opinion homogeneity. The proposed method needs no training and can be readily applied to any discussion thread, yielding results with competitive accuracy and high recall. We have also developed an algorithm for extracting specific agreements-disagreements between pairs
Changing sources and environmental factors reduce the rates of decline of organochlorine pesticides in the Arctic atmosphere

Abstract. An extensive database of organochlorine (OC) pesticide concentrations measured at the Norwegian Arctic monitoring station at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, was analysed to assess longer-term trends in the Arctic atmosphere. Dynamic Harmonic Regression (DHR) is employed to investigate the seasonal and cyclical behaviour of chlordanes, DDTs and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and to isolate underlying inter-annual trends. Although a simple comparison of annual mean concentrations (1994–2005) suggest a decline for all of the OCs investigated, the longer-term trends identified by DHR only show a significant decline for p , p '-DDT. Indeed, HCB shows an increase from 2003–2005. This is thought to be due to changes in source types and the presence of impurities in current use pesticides, together with retreating sea ice affecting air-water exchange. Changes in source types were revealed by using isomeric ratios for the chlordanes and DDTs. Declining trends in ratios of trans -chlordane/ cis -chlordane (TC/CC) indicate a shift from primary sources, to more "weathered" secondary sources, whereas an increasing trend in o , p '-DDT/ p , p '-DDT ratios indicate a shift from use of technical DDT to dicofol. Continued monitoring of these OC pesticides is required to fully understand the influence of a changing climate on the behaviour and environmental cycling of these chemicals in the Arctic as well as possible impacts from "new" sources.
A Energy-efficient Scheduling Algorithm in mWSN

We research the topological control of the combination of the clustering hierarchical structure and sleep scheduling mechanism. Firstly, present a inner-cluster node scheduling algorithm solution of inner-cluster connectivity coverage problem, which can meet user’s expected coverage,avoiding the influence of mobile node location. Based on coverage analysis theory, deducts smallest mobile nodes number, realizes inner-cluster nodes optimal scheduling, which only select k nodes with higher energy and nearer close to fixed node, others should be sleeping. Then, the whole network use TDMA to uniformly divide the time slots to avoid the interrupt of inter-cluster and inner-cluster communication. The scheduling makes the half of cluster realize parallel work, and cross-layer design. Simulation result display, EDG(Efficient Data Gathering) decreases data delay, and largely relieves the burden of cluster-head, and has apparent energy-saving effect, and considers node’s mobility, can preferably suit to mobile wireless sensor network.
Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications Gene Design, Cloning and Protein-expression Methods for High-value Targets at the Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease

Any structural genomics endeavor, particularly ambitious ones such as the NIAID-funded Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID) and Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Disease (CSGID), face technical challenges at all points of the production pipeline. One salvage strategy employed by SSGCID is combined gene engineering and structure-guided construct design to overcome challenges at the levels of protein expression and protein crystallization. Multiple constructs of each target are cloned in parallel using Polymerase Incomplete Primer Extension cloning and small-scale expressions of these are rapidly analyzed by capillary electrophor-esis. Using the methods reported here, which have proven particularly useful for high-value targets, otherwise intractable targets can be resolved.
Widespread Tau and Amyloid‐Beta Pathology Many Years After a Single Traumatic Brain Injury in Humans

While a history of a single traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with the later development of syndromes of cognitive impairment such as Alzheimer's disease, the long‐term pathology evolving after single TBI is poorly understood. However, a progressive tauopathy, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, is described in selected cohorts with a history of repetitive concussive/mild head injury. Here, post‐mortem brains from long‐term survivors of just a single TBI (1–47 years survival; n = 39) vs. uninjured, age‐matched controls (n = 47) were examined for neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and amyloid‐β (Aβ) plaques using immunohistochemistry and thioflavine‐S staining. Detailed maps of findings permitted classification of pathology using semiquantitative scoring systems. NFTs were exceptionally rare in young, uninjured controls, yet were abundant and widely distributed in approximately one‐third of TBI cases. In addition, Aβ‐plaques were found in a greater density following TBI vs. controls. Moreover, thioflavine‐S staining revealed that while all plaque‐positive control cases displayed predominantly diffuse plaques, 64% of plaque‐positive TBI cases displayed predominantly thioflavine‐S‐positive plaques or a mixed thioflavine‐S‐positive/diffuse pattern. These data demonstrate that widespread NFT and Aβ plaque pathologies are present in up to a third of patients following survival of a year or more from a single TBI. This suggests that a single TBI induces long‐term neuropathological changes akin to those found in neurodegenerative disease.
Explorer Physical Activity after Stroke : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact openaccess@ed.ac. uk providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Background and Purpose. Physical activity is beneficial after stroke, but it is unclear how active stroke survivors are. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to determine levels of activity and factors predicting activity. Summary of Review: Methods. MEDLINE (1946 to present) and EMBASE (1980 to present) were systematically searched until July 2012. All studies quantifying whole-body-free living physical activity by objective and self-reported methods in a community dwelling population with stroke were included. A random effect meta-analysis was performed. Results. Twenty-six studies were included (í µí± = 1105), of which eleven (í µí± = 315) contained sufficient data for meta-analysis. There were heterogeneous designs, measurements, and procedures. The studies generally recruited small samples of high-functioning participants. Level of physical activity was generally low in quantity, duration and intensity. Poorer walking ability, specific sensorimotor functions, and low mood were correlates of low physical activity. Meta-analysis generated an estimate of 4355.2 steps/day (95% CI: 3210.4 to 5499.9) with no significant heterogeneity (í µí°¼ 2 = 0). Conclusions. In high-functioning stroke survivors, physical activity including walking was generally low. Strategies are needed to promote and maintain physical activity in stroke survivors. Research is needed to establish reasons for low physical activity after stroke.
Effect of Fibre Supplementation on Body Weight and Composition, Frequency of Eating and Dietary Choice in Overweight Individuals

Fibre supplementation can potentially reduce energy intake and contribute to weight loss. The mechanism may be reduced frequency of eating, resulting in reduced food consumption. The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of fibre supplementation with PolyGlycopleX® (PGX®), on body weight and composition, frequency of eating and dietary intake in 118 overweight adults. In a three-arm, parallel, blind, randomised controlled trial participants were randomised to one of three groups; 4.5 g PGX as softgels (PGXS), 5 g PGX granules (PGXG) or 5 g rice flour (RF) control. Prior to supplementation and at 12 weeks, participants captured before and after images of all food and beverages consumed within 4 days using a mobile food record app (mFR). The mFR images were analysed for food group serving sizes and number of eating occasions. In the PGXG group, intention-to-treat analysis showed there was a significant reduction in waist circumference (2.5 cm; p = 0.003). Subgroup analysis showed that PGXG supplementation at the recommended dose resulted in a reduction in body weight (−1.4 ± 0.10 kg, p < 0.01), body mass index (BMI) reduction (−0.5 ± 0.10, p < 0.01), reduced number of eating occasions (−1.4 ± 1.2, p < 0.01) and a reduced intake of grain food (−1.52 ± 1.84 serves, p = 0.019). PGXG at the recommended dose resulted in a reduction in weight and BMI which was significantly greater than that for RF (p = 0.001). These results demonstrate the potential benefits of PGX fibre in controlling frequency of eating and in weight loss.
A CTRW approach to normal and anomalous reaction–diffusion processes

We study the dynamics of a radioactive species flowing through a porous material, within the Continuous-Time Random Walk (CTRW) approach to the modelling of stochastic transport processes. Emphasis is given to the case where radioactive decay is coupled to anomalous diffusion in locally heterogeneous media, such as porous sediments or fractured rocks. In this framework, we derive the distribution of the number of jumps each particle can perform before a decay event. On the basis of the obtained results, we compute the moments of the cumulative particle distribution, which can be then used to quantify the overall displacement and spread of the contaminant species.
Q-learning based adaptive QoS routing protocol for MANETs

Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) communication is challenging as they are dynamic in nature. We propose a MANET routing protocol considering the QoS (Quality of Service) parameters such as bandwidth efficiency, link stability and power metric. The idea of learning the network status information to enhance network routing is the key concept of our project. This helps to learn about the expiry of links and choose the path with more expiration time and the minimum power consumption. The learning is carried out instantly by a typical route request/reply packets containing the network status information. This reinforcement learning is called Q-Learning algorithm. The enhanced version of route determining process leads to tremendous improvement in QoS. We apply this learning algorithm in the existing MAODV protocol which will further enhance the QoS in MAODV. The simulation results show that the proposed system performs better than the existing system in terms of improving QoS.
Consumer Response to Genetically Modified Food Products in Japan

In Japan, a large U.S. export market, there has been growing public opposition against genetically modified (GM) foods. Using a dichotomous choice contingent valuation method, findings show the discount needed for Japanese Seikyou consumers to purchase GM food products is positively affected (i.e., a greater discount is required) by higher levels of self-reported risk perceptions toward GM food, higher levels of concern about food safety and the environment, higher self-reported knowledge about biotechnology, education levels, and income. Interestingly, gender does not significantly affect the discount needed for GM food. Further, it can be inferred from the results that a transformation of Japanese consumers’ perceptions and attitudes is needed for GM food products to successfully enter the Japanese market.
THE EFFECT OF A TISSUE ENZYME UPON PNEUMOCOCCI

Polymorphonuclear leucocytes contain an enzyme which destroys the basophilic character of beat-killed pneumococci (R and S variants) and inactivates the type specific polysaccharide antigen of encapsulated cells. The same enzyme, however, fails to cause a disintegration of the bacterial cells, or to decompose the capsular polysaccharide itself. The enzyme has been extracted from a number of animal tissues; it appears identical with a purified enzyme extracted from pancreatin and which decomposes yeast nucleic acid. These facts are considered with regard to the failure of rabbits to produce the type specific carbohydrate antibodies when immunized with heat-killed encapsulated pneumococci by the intradermal route.
Chapter 2 2-d Theory 2.1 the Lsjimp Inverse Problem

In this chapter I introduce the theory behind the LSJIMP method. The chapter is divided into three sections. In section 2.1 I motivate the LSJIMP inverse problem in general. In Section 2.2, I go on to outline my particular implementation of LSJIMP. In section 2.2.2, I show how, in a laterally-homogeneous earth, to create prestack time-domain images of pegleg multiples that are directly comparable, both in terms of kinematics and amplitudes, to the image of the primaries. In a heterogeneous earth, peglegs " split " into multiple arrivals. To account for this phenonmenon, in section 2.2. 6 I introduce the HEMNO (Heterogeneous Earth NMO Operator) equation, which can independently image each leg of split peglegs in a moderately heterogeneous earth. Figure 1.3 motivates LSJIMP. The Figure assumes that the recorded data is the superposition of primary events and pegleg multiples from the seabed. In effect, the images constructed from the primaries and from each mode of multiple constitute independent measurements of the earth's reflectivity at depth. Unfortunately, these independent measurements are embedded in a single data record. We would like to improve signal-to-noise ratio or fill illumination gaps by averaging the images. However, simple averaging of the raw images encounters two problems.
A Virtual Office Environment Supporting Shared Applications

A virtual environment supporting communication and cooperation can increase both the effectiveness and the acceptance of multi-user applications. This paper describes the basic concepts as well as a prototypical implementation of such an environment based on a virtual office metaphor. Users, rooms, and documents are modelled in a rather abstract way, providing an intuitive but not necessarily realistic way to access multi-user sessions. The implementation is based on the GINA application framework which provides generic concepts to support the development of multiuser applications, facilitating the integration of shared applications into the virtual environment. Communication and cooperation between users are supported using different techniques such as animation, video and audio support.
Playtesting with a Purpose

Playtesting, or using play to guide game design, gives designers feedback about whether their game is meeting their goals and the player's expectations. We report a case study of designing, deploying, and iterating on a series of playtesting workshops for novice game designers. We identify common missteps made by novice designers and address these missteps through the concept of purposefulness, understanding why you are playtesting as well as how to playtest. We ground our workshops in the development of rich player experience goals, which inform playtest design, data collection and iteration. We show that by applying methods taught in our workshops, novice game designers leveraged playtest methods and tools, employed playtesting and data collection methods appropriate for their goals, and effectively applied playtest data in iterative design. We conclude with lessons learned and next steps in our research on playtesting.
Distribution of angle-of-arrival and delay from array of buildings placed on rough terrain for various elevations of base station antenna

A unified three-dimension probabilistic model is presented to describe multipath phenomena in various built-up areas with randomly distributed buildings placed on rough terrain. The joint information regarding angle-of-arrival and time delay spread is obtained through study of the main propagation mechanisms in urban wireless communication channels. Comparison with other models and with measurements carried out in different urban environments is presented. It is shown that in dense urban areas the distribution of the obstructions surrounding the base station and the moving vehicle, as well as the elevations of both antennas contribute to the signal power profiles in the space and time domains. Using a combination of the statistical description of the built-up terrain and the 3D deterministic approach based on Kirchhoff approximation, the effects of scattering and diffraction phenomena on signal power spatial and temporal distribution are examined.
Host Sex and Local Adaptation by Parasites in a Snail‐Trematode Interaction

One of the leading theories for the evolutionary stability of sex in eukaryotes relies on parasite‐mediated selection against locally common host genotypes (the Red Queen hypothesis). As such, parasites would be expected to be better at infecting sympatric host populations than allopatric host populations. Here we examined all published and unpublished infection experiments on a snail‐trematode system (Potamopyrgus antipodarum and Microphallus sp., respectively). A meta‐analysis demonstrated significant local adaptation by the parasite, and a variance components analysis showed that the variance due to the host‐parasite interaction far exceeded the variance due to the main effects of host source and parasite source. The meta‐analysis also indicated that asexual host populations were more resistant to allopatric sources of parasites than were (mostly) sexual host populations, but we found no significant differences among parasite populations in the strength of local adaptation. This result suggests that triploid asexual snails are more resistant to remote sources of parasites, but the parasite has, through coevolution, overcome the difference. Finally, we found that the degree of local adaptation did not depend on the genetic distance among host populations. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the parasites are adapted, on average, to infecting their local host populations and suggest that they may be a factor in selecting against common host genotypes in natural populations.
Design and Implementation of Predictive Model Markup Language Interpretation Engine

The Predictive Model Markup Language(PMML) is an XML-based language which provides a way for applications to define statistical and data mining models and to share models between PMML compliant applications, for the reasons that proprietary issues and incompatibilities are no longer a barrier to the exchange of models between applications. However, Recent researches on PMML interpretation engine is still relatively vacancies. In this paper, we designed the engine from the perspective of software reuse, modeled on the PMML language itself and data processing process, in addition, designed the engine related components and the algorithm of data processing instance. Finally, the validity of these design have been proved by comparing with open-source tools which supports the PMML.
Profligate Execution 1 .0 Introduction and Motivation

Nearly four decades after its first implementation in the IBM 360/91 floating-point unit, out-of-order execution remains a powerful microarchitectural tool for improving performance by tolerating long execution latencies. Increasing relative memory latency and the relentless quest for deeper pipelining and higher frequency are driving the need for larger and larger instruction windows. These windows must be large in order to extract enough instruction-level parallelism to fill these deep pipelines and successfully overlap hundreds of cycles of memory latency. Unfortunately, physical constraints and unmanageable design complexity prevent designers from scaling conventional structures like reorder buffers and physical register files to span hundreds of active instructions. This paper proposes a radically different approach that employs multiple small on-chip cores to build a giant logical instruction window that can span thousands of in-flight instructions. We advocate profligate execution, where many-sometimes most-instructions are executed in each processing element to reduce the need to communicate and synchronize across processing elements, and disjoint execution threads are spawned only when needed to prevent stalling due to a full instruction window. We describe the microarchitectural structures needed to support profligate execution and show that with a 4-way chip multiprocessor, average speedups of 17% and 212% are achievable for integer and floating point benchmarks , respectively. We also show that in addition to reducing application latency, profligate execution can provide a system throughput benefit as well with speedups that are super-linear with respect to the number of processors in the system. Despite a gradual trend towards multi-threaded server workloads, the majority of programming is still dominated by single-threaded code, and single-thread performance continues to be the primary metric by which many processors are evaluated. As decreasing feature size has enabled larger transistor budgets, the Holy Grail of microar-chitecture has evolved into identifying efficient mechanisms to partition single-threaded code into independent units that can be executed on multiple functional units in parallel. In superscalar processors these units are individual instructions, and the bulk of the complexity in these processors comes from identifying independent instructions. Out-of-order processors help facilitate simultaneous execution of many in-flight instructions by extending the window of candidate independent instructions at the cost of even more complexity. However all of this complexity is not conducive towards building fast circuits with short clock periods, and current instruction windows are not sufficiently large enough to extract all available instruction-level parallelism in modern applications. Diminishing performance returns and the difficulty of …