Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with condom use in Kenya: a test of the health belief model.

This study examined specific cultural beliefs and knowledge about HIV as well as tested components of the Health Belief Model in relation to condom use in Kisumu, Kenya. Interviews were conducted with 223 participants at six governmental and private clinics. Although 75% had engaged in intercourse during the preceding month, fewer than 20% had used a condom. For both men and women, perceived barriers was the only component of the Health Belief Model significantly associated with condom use, with greater perceived barriers being associated with lower frequency of condom use (p < .05). Additionally, individuals with more education and HIV/AIDS knowledge were less likely to endorse stigmatizing beliefs toward HIV/AIDS (p < .001), whereas people who believe that HIV originated in the United States were more likely to endorse these stigmatizing beliefs (p <.002). Nearly everyone (97%) reported that AIDS is the disease that scares them most, suggesting that educational efforts have successfully communicated the severity of this disease. Future intervention efforts must now focus more extensively on addressing stigmatizing beliefs and providing education to overcome barriers to condom use.
The CAPM : A Reformulation under Conditions of Risks and Ambiguity

By means of an information-enhanced basic model of financial markets, the classical CAPM has been reformulated in two fundamental respects. The first is to have the beta-pricing basis extended to include two more market factors; the second is to have the pricing model allow for the tradeoff relation between market ambiguity and ambiguity aversion in the context of market incompleteness. As a result, the reformulated CAPM captures not only systematic information associated with market factors but also systemic information associated with the state of market structure. Hence, it is relatively more efficient in terms of information. JEL Codes: B40, B41, G12, D81 Mailing Address: School of Business, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, 510275 P.R. CHINA Fax: 86-20-84036924 Tel: 86-20-84034926 Email Address: lnsljl@mail.sysu. edu.cn Total word count: 11535
A Three-Phases SFT Hybrid Model Integrated Strong Prior Module and Data Overlap Estimation in the Eduation Context

In this paper, we propose an end-to-end prior-based three-phases supervised fine-tuned model, which is proved more competitive than traditional fine-tuning method. More specifically, our model realizes the structural disassembly and incremental guided output of educational knowledge. To this end, we robustify data classification of three types via a sampler and overlap estimation neural network, and inject the preprocessing datasets into pre-trained model in three batches for LORA fine-tuning. Then, we design a prior module couples system prompt, vector databases, and abstract syntax tree task segmentation. Finally, the compression method and regularization constraint are applied to the prior-based fine-tuned model, followed by text filter at the output end to obtain incremental guided results. Our model represents the first research effort to truly embody the tutor role with the features of abundant educational knowledge, step-by-step incremental guided outputs and non-disclosure of answers. Extensive experiments report that our model also achieves state-of-the-art in code abilities compared to open-source models, reaching an impressive 75.10% on the HumanEval (@pass 1) benchmark. Additionally, our model maintains strong conversational capabilities, with the 13B quantized version achieving scores of 56.34, 50.60, and 45.27 respectively on the MMLU, C-Eval, and AGIEval (5 shot) dialogue evaluation benchmarks.
Increased cancer mortality following a history of nonmelanoma skin cancer.

CONTEXT Cancer registries have reported an increased incidence of melanoma and certain noncutaneous cancers following nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Whether these findings were attributable to intensified surveillance, shared risk factors, or increased cancer susceptibility remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine whether a history of NMSC predicts cancer mortality. DESIGN Prospective cohort with 12-year mortality follow-up adjusted for multiple risk factors. SETTING Cancer Prevention Study II, United States and Puerto Rico. PARTICIPANTS Nearly 1.1 million adult volunteers who completed a baseline questionnaire in 1982. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Deaths due to all cancers and common cancers. RESULTS After adjusting for age, race, education, smoking, obesity, alcohol use, and other conventional risk factors, a baseline history of NMSC was associated with increased total cancer mortality (men's relative risk [RR], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-1.36; women's RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.17-1.35). Exclusion of deaths due to melanoma reduced these RRs only slightly. Mortality was increased for the following cancers: melanoma (RR, 3.36 in men, 3.52 in women); pharynx (RR, 2.77 in men, 2.81 in women); lung (RR, 1.37 in men, 1.46 in women); non-Hodgkin lymphoma (RR, 1.32 in men, 1.50 in women); in men only, salivary glands (RR, 2.96), prostate (RR, 1.28), testis (RR, 12.7), urinary bladder (RR, 1.41), and leukemia (RR, 1.37); and in women only, breast (RR, 1.34). All-cause mortality was slightly increased (adjusted men's RR, 1.03 [95% CI, 1.00-1.06]; women's RR, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.00-1.09]). CONCLUSIONS Persons with a history of NMSC are at increased risk of cancer mortality. Although the biological mechanisms are unknown, a history of NMSC should increase the clinician's alertness for certain noncutaneous cancers as well as melanoma.
Inefficiency, Subsample Selection Bias, and Nonrobustness

This article responds to Peterson and Howell’s (PH’s) defense of their voucher research. We show that PH’s rationales for excluding some 815 students—more than 40% of their sample—because they lacked baseline data in a randomized experiment are unconvincing. For example, PH’s assertion that students with missing baseline scores had a greater risk of mismatch is based on a misunderstanding of the way the experiment was conducted; the organization that conducted the experiment believes the procedures actually used precluded such a problem. Including students with missing baseline data renders the effect of vouchers insignificant for Black students, even using PH’s nonstandard racial classification scheme. PH also give the misleading impression that our reanalysis shows their results to be robust. In fact, only 7 out of the 27 of our estimates that did not simply reuse PH’s original, incomplete sample of Black students are positive and statistically significant.
Bridging the Sim-to-Real Gap with Bayesian Inference

We present SIM-FSVGD for learning robot dynamics from data. As opposed to traditional methods, SIM-FSVGD leverages low-fidelity physical priors, e.g., in the form of simulators, to regularize the training of neural network models. While learning accurate dynamics already in the low data regime, SIM-FSVGD scales and excels also when more data is available. We empirically show that learning with implicit physical priors results in accurate mean model estimation as well as precise uncertainty quantification. We demonstrate the effectiveness of SIM-FSVGD in bridging the sim-to-real gap on a high-performance RC racecar system. Using model-based RL, we demonstrate a highly dynamic parking maneuver with drifting, using less than half the data compared to the state of the art.
Promoting Self-confidence in Clinical Nursing Students

Clinical nursing instructors are continually telling their students that they just need more confidence. But how do students find this needed confidence and how can nursing instructors help them? The author discusses sources and principles of confidence in relationship to teaching behaviors and strategies for increasing self-confidence, such as simulations, peer modeling, story telling, skill review sessions, and journaling.
Choice, Welfare and Measurement

In the course of his distinguished career, Amartya K. Sen has scrutinized the foundations of economic theory and analysis. He has brought into sharper focus such concepts as choice, preference, rationality, aggregation, evaluation, and measurement, and applied these concepts to the economic issues underlying universal social concerns, among them inequality, unemployment, poverty, human welfare, liberty, rights, justice. The twenty essays in this book encompass both these aspects of Sen's economic endeavors.Kenneth Arrow has written that "Sen's mastery in the fields of social choice, the foundations of welfare economics, and, more broadly, distributive ethics and the measurement problems associated with these fields is unquestioned. The selection of articles fully reflects his work in this area . a number of the papers are already classics. "The author has provided a substantial introduction to the book that interrelates his diverse concerns and analyzes the wide-ranging discussions that were generated by the original papers, while stressing the central concepts and underlying issues.His writings are distributed among five topical sections: Choice and Preference, Preference Aggregation, Welfare Comparisons and Social Choice, Non-utility Information, and Social Measurement. The contributions have been collected from many journals in the fields of economics and public affairs and from books that were published between 1966 and 1980.Amartya K. Sen is Drummond Professor of Political Economy at Oxford, and Fellow of All Souls College.
Family Meals and Parents' Challenges

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate how Swedish parents regard their children's participation in meals. Taped interviews with sixty-two parents, responsible for meals at home, were transcribed and evaluated. This article is restricted to the twenty-one middle class families in the group. Through analysis of the interviews, we evaluated how middle class parents set out to mediate a certain approach to food and eating. Children were simultaneously expected to learn their own family's eating habits and those of society in general. We found that the parents viewed their children's participation in meals as an integration process. These data confirm that demarcation, a classic socialization impulse, is used to teach children their family's eating habits. However, the socialization process also includes diversity, to broaden the child's tastes outside the family, and experimentation, to encourage the child to try new dishes and flavors.
Gender and Environmental Risk Concerns

Accumulated research findings show that women tend to express higher levels of concern toward technology and the environment than do men, but that the tendency is not universal. The findings are particularly clear-cut for local facilities and/or nuclear and other technologies that are often seen as posing nisks of contamination; findings appear to be more mixed for broader patterns of environmental concern. Although the differing patterns have been reported with enough consistency to be considered relatively robust, less progress has been made to date in explaining the underlying dynamics. Five main hypotheses can be identified. One hypothesis, the expectation that increased knowledge will lead to decreased concern, has received so little support, despite repeated examination, that it can be discarded. Another, that women tend to express greater concern than do men about the health and safety implications of any given level of technological risk, has received consistent support. The remaining 3 hypotheses require additional empincal examination.
Streaming 4K/UHD video to the rest of us: Can bandwidth sharing help?

High quality video streaming for mobile users is difficult to achieve in some areas of the world due to poor broadband capacity and sparse network coverage. We propose a bandwidth-sharing scheme to allow users with limited uplink bandwidth to borrow idle bandwidth from nearby access points and provide these users the opportunity to experience higher quality video than what their own bandwidth could normally support. We developed a Linux kernel implementation of a multipath less-than-best-effort (MP-LBE) protocol for bandwidth scavenging and demonstrated, through testbed experiments, that video quality may be improved through bandwidth sharing. This may bring us closer to the `video everywhere' vision even as incremental upgrades are made on broadband Internet infrastructure.
Accelerated simulation for pricing Asian options

When pricing options via Monte Carlo simulations, precision can be improved either by performing longer simulations, or by reducing the variance of the estimators. Two methods for variance reduction are combined: the control variable and the change of measure (or likelihood) methods. We specifically consider Asian options, and show that a change of measure can very significantly improve the precision when the option is deeply out of the money, which is the harder estimation problem. We also show that the simulation method itself can be used to find the best change of measure. This is done by incorporating an updating rule, based on an estimate of the gradient of the variance. The paper includes simulation results.
AQUILA: An Equivalence Checking System for Large Sequential Designs

In this paper, we present a practical method for verifying the functional equivalence of two synchronous sequential designs. This tool is based on our earlier framework that uses Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) techniques for verification. By exploring the structural similarity between the two designs under verification, the complexity can be reduced substantially. We enhance our framework by three innovative features. First, we develop a local BDD-based technique which constructs Binary Decision Diagram (BDD) in terms of some internal signals, for identifying equivalent signal pairs. Second, we incorporate a technique called partial justification to explore not only combinational similarity, but also sequential similarity. This is particularly important when the two designs have a different number of flip-flops. Third, we extend our gate-to-gate equivalence checker for RTL-to-gate verification. Two major issues are considered in this extension: (1) how to model and utilize the external don't care information for verification; and (2) how to extract a subset of unreachable states to speed up the verification process. Compared with existing approaches based on symbolic Finite State Machine (FSM) traversal techniques, our approach is less vulnerable to the memory explosion problem and, therefore, is more suitable for a lot of real-life designs. Experimental results of verifying designs with hundreds of flip-flops will be presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.
Multifaceted intervention sex therapy (MIST)

Abstract Therapies that are used to treat sexual problems in couples have often been used together in an unorganised way. The MIST model offers a logical approach to integrating commonly used approaches to sexual difficulties, medical as well as psychological and practical. Case material is used to illustrate the reasoning and process of using this model with patients.
Geotokens and Geotransformers

In transformer architectures, position encoding primarily provides a sense of sequence for input tokens. While the original transformer paper's method has shown satisfactory results in general language processing tasks, there have been new proposals, such as Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE), for further improvement. This paper presents geotokens, input components for transformers, each linked to a specific geological location. Unlike typical language sequences, for these tokens, the order is not as vital as the geographical coordinates themselves. To represent the relative position in this context and to keep a balance between the real world distance and the distance in the embedding space, we design a position encoding approach drawing from the RoPE structure but tailored for spherical coordinates.
Autonomous and continuous adaptation of a bihormonal bionic pancreas in adults and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

CONTEXT A challenge for automated glycemic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the large variation in insulin needs between individuals and within individuals at different times in their lives. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study was to test the ability of a third-generation bihormonal bionic pancreas algorithm, initialized with only subject weight; to adapt automatically to the different insulin needs of adults and adolescents; and to evaluate the impact of optional, automatically adaptive meal-priming boluses. DESIGN This was a randomized controlled trial. SETTING The study was conducted at an inpatient clinical research center. PATIENTS Twelve adults and 12 adolescents with T1D participated in the study. INTERVENTIONS Subjects in each age group were randomized to automated glycemic control for 48 hours with or without automatically adaptive meal-priming boluses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mean plasma glucose (PG), time with PG less than 60 mg/dL, and insulin total daily dose were measured. RESULTS The 48-hour mean PG values with and without adaptive meal-priming boluses were 132 ± 9 vs 146 ± 9 mg/dL (P = .03) in adults and 162 ± 6 vs 175 ± 9 mg/dL (P = .01) in adolescents. Adaptive meal-priming boluses improved mean PG without increasing time spent with PG less than 60 mg/dL: 1.4% vs 2.3% (P = .6) in adults and 0.1% vs 0.1% (P = 1.0) in adolescents. Large increases in adaptive meal-priming boluses and shifts in the timing and size of automatic insulin doses occurred in adolescents. Much less adaptation occurred in adults. There was nearly a 4-fold variation in the total daily insulin dose across all cohorts (0.36-1.41 U/kg · d). CONCLUSIONS A single control algorithm, initialized only with subject weight, can quickly adapt to regulate glycemia in patients with TID and highly variable insulin requirements.
Term rewriting on nestohedra

We define term rewriting systems on the vertices and faces of nestohedra, and show that the former are confluent and terminating. While the associated poset on vertices generalizes Barnard--McConville's flip order for graph-associahedra, the preorder on faces likely generalizes the facial weak order for permutahedra. Moreover, we define and study contextual families of nestohedra, whose local confluence diagrams satisfy a certain uniformity condition. Among them are associahedra and operahedra, whose associated proofs of confluence for their rewriting systems reproduce proofs of categorical coherence theorems for monoidal categories and categorified operads.
For Personal Use. Only Reproduce with Permission from the Lancet Publishing Group. from Best Evidence to Best Practice: Effective Implementation of Change in Patients' Care

Continuous development of health-care innovations presents a constant promise of more effective and safe patients' care. About 10 000 new randomised trials are included in MEDLINE every year, 1 and 350 000 trials have been identified by the Cochrane collaboration. 2 However, major difficulties arise in introducing these innovations into routine daily practice. One of the most consistent findings in research of health services is the gap between evidence and practice. 3 Results of studies in the USA and the Netherlands 4,5 suggest that about 30–40% of patients do not receive care according to present scientific evidence, and about 20–25% of care provided is not needed or is potentially harmful. Traditional approaches to improve uptake of research findings have focused on better availability and presentation of evidence by identifying, synthesising, and disseminating evidence to doctors in practical accessible formats—eg, reviews in clinical journals, clinical guidelines, better access to electronic sources of information, continuing medical education (CME) courses, and conferences. Although this strategy may be all that is needed to ensure the uptake of some simple changes, most innovations require further efforts. Most clinicians can barely keep pace with the rapid advances in health-care knowledge. Shaneyfelt 6 calculated that general internists would need to read 20 articles a day all year round to maintain present knowledge. Although the availability of systematic reviews and guidelines reduces the need for doctors to read original studies, they still find it difficult to keep up with such syntheses. 7 Even if doctors are aware of the evidence and are willing to change, to alter well established patterns of care is difficult, especially if the clinical environment is not conducive to change. A key challenge for policymakers and health-care professionals in this complex area is to create a professional setting to pursue quality of care: this topic will be analysed in the third report in this series. 8 The difficulty of introducing innovation in patients' care makes a critical platform on which to identify the most effective and efficient approaches to achieve change in practice. There are many different strategies to changing practice of health care; all claim to offer solutions to the main difficulties in care provision. 9 In this report, we provide a brief overview of present knowledge and thinking about approaches to changing medical practice. We focus on three basic issues in influencing the uptake of evidence: attributes of evidence, barriers and facilitators …
A Moderator of the Interaction Effect of Procedural Justice and Outcome Favorability: Importance of the Relationship

Justice literature has documented that procedural justice interacts with outcome favorability in determining people's reactions to a decision. Specifically when people perceive the outcome as negative, procedural justice has remarkably strong and positive influence on their attitudes and reactions to the decision. The present study extended past research by illustrating that the interaction effect of procedural justice and outcome favorability is dependent on the perceived importance of the relationship with the other party. Two studies yielded converging results that the interaction effect is operative only when the relationship with the other person or group is important to the person.
Co-clustering of Multi-view Datasets: A Parallelizable Approach

In many applications, entities of the domain are described through different views that clustering methods often process one by one. We introduce here the architecture MVSim, that is able to deal simultaneously with all the information contained in such multi-view datasets by using several instances of a co-similarity algorithm. We show that this architecture provides better results than both single-view and multi-view approaches and that it can be easily parallelized thus reducing both time and space complexities of the computations.
Collectivism and Individualism as Cultural Syndromes

A cultural syndrome can be identified when shared attitudes, be liefs, norms, roles, values, and other such elements of subjective cul ture, identified among those who share a language, historic period, and geographic location, (a) are organized around a theme, (b) there is evidence that the within-culture variance of these constructs is small relative to the between-cultures variance, and (c) there is a link between these patterns of subjective culture and geography. This article reviews evidence suggesting that the collectivism and individualism constructs are cultural syndromes.