Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Composite Data Model: A Unified Approach for Combining and Querying Multiple Data Models

In this paper, we combine the characteristics of three fundamental data models in order to represent their semantics in a common framework. These fundamental data models include the familiar concepts of modeling (1) object classes (or entities), their properties (attributes) and relationships between them, (2) multidimensional objects and attributes that can be summarized over the dimensions, and (3) hierarchical structures. This model, called the Composite Data Model, facilitates combinations of these three model structures to be represented jointly in a single schema, thus providing more expressive and natural queries over them. The main advantage of the composite data model (CDM), and a composite query language (CQL) over it, is that any combination of the three fundamental models can be represented jointly based on explicit semantics of each of the fundamental data models. This is unlike existing data models that represent each data model individually or obscure the semantics of additional features being modeled. In order to develop a query language over the combined schemas, we introduce a new concept, referred to as anchor, which is an object class that acts as the focus of the query. We provide in the query language path structures relative to the anchor that facilitate data navigation and data manipulation. We develop the syntax and semantics of the proposed language, and illustrate its expressive power through numerous query examples, and comparisons to three other query languages: OQL, SPARQL, and XQuery.
Taylor Rules Cause Fiscal Policy Ineffectiveness

With the aim of constructing a dynamic general equilibrium model where fiscal policy can operate as a demand management tool, we develop a framework which combines staggered prices and overlapping generations based on uncertain lifetimes. Price stickiness plus lack of Ricardian Equivalence could be expected to make tax cuts, financed by increasing government debt, effective in raising short-run output. Surprisingly, in our baseline model this fails to occur. We trace the cause to the assumption that monetary policy is governed by a Taylor Rule. If monetary policy is instead governed by a money supply rule, fiscal policy effectiveness is restored.
SUPERINTENDENT AND BOARD OF EDUCATION MEMBER PERCEPTIONS REGARDING PREFERRED LEADERSHIP BEHAVIORS FOR SUPERINTENDENTS IN WEST VIRGINIA

ii DEDICATION . iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . vii LIST OF FIGURES . ix CHAPTER ONE . 1 Background . 2 Problem Statement . 7 Research Questions . 8 Instrumentation . 9 Operational Definitions . 9 Significance. 10 Methods. 11 Limitations . 12 CHAPTER TWO . 13 Leadership Behaviors Identified in Professional Standards . 13 Leadership Behaviors Identified in Professional Literature . 21 Leadership Behaviors Identified in Research Studies . 35 Summary of Literature Review . 38 CHAPTER THREE . 40 Research Questions . 40 Design . 41 Participants . 41 Instrumentation . 41 Validation of Instrument . 42 Data Collection and Analysis. 42 Summary . 43 CHAPTER FOUR . 44 Survey Population . 44 Data Collection . 44 vi Major Findings . 46 CHAPTER FIVE . 79 Summary of Purpose . 79 Summary of Population . 80 Summary of Methods . 80 Summary of Findings . 80 Conclusions and Discussion . 86 Summary . 99 Implications. 100 Recommendations . 101 REFERENCES . 102 APPENDIX A: SURVEY COVER LETTER . 110 APPENDIX B: SURVEY CONSENT FORM . 112 APPENDIX C: HUMAN SUBJECTS APPROVAL FORM . 114 APPENDIX D: SURVEY INSTRUMENT . 116 APPENDIX E: SURVEY COMMENTS. 121 Superintendent Comments . 122 Board of Education Member Comments . 125 APPENDIX E: CURRICULUM VITA . 133
Communication-Based Prevention of Non-P-Pattern

An issue pertinent to the design of checkpointing protocols is how to improve the autonomy of checkpointing and keep computation loss under control. To address the problem, a time-based multi-cycle checkpointing protocol is proposed in this paper. In this protocol, processes are allowed to take checkpoints with desired checkpoint cycles. To enable recent checkpoints to be used to form a consistent global checkpoint, a communication-based checkpoint cycle adjustment approach is also proposed. In this approach, the checkpoint cycle adjustment of each process follows a P-pattern. Simulation results show that the rollback deviation of the proposed protocol can be well controlled under a low checkpointing overhead.
MicroRNA biomarker identification for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia based on a novel bioinformatics model

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in children is a complex and heterogeneous disease. The identification of reliable and stable molecular biomarkers for diagnosis, especially early diagnosis, remains a significant therapeutic challenge. Aberrant microRNA expression could be used for cancer diagnosis and treatment selection. Here, we describe a novel bioinformatics model for the prediction of microRNA biomarkers for the diagnosis of paediatric AML based on computational functional analysis of the microRNA regulatory network substructure. microRNA-196b, microRNA-155 and microRNA-25 were identified as putative diagnostic biomarkers for pediatric AML. Further systematic analysis confirmed the association of the predicted microRNAs with the leukemogenesis of AML. In vitro q-PCR experiments showed that microRNA-155 is significantly overexpressed in children with AML and microRNA-196b is significantly overexpressed in subgroups M4–M5 of the French-American-British classification system. These results suggest that microRNA-155 is a potential diagnostic biomarker for all subgroups of paediatric AML, whereas microRNA-196b is specific for subgroups M4–M5.
Fuzzy clustering-based approach for outlier detection

Outlier detection is an important task in a wide variety of application areas. In this paper, a proposed method based on fuzzy clustering approaches for outlier detection is presented. We first perform the c-means fuzzy clustering algorithm. Small clusters are then determined and considered as outlier clusters. The rest of outliers (if any) are then detected in the remaining clusters based on temporary removing a point from the data set and recalculating the objective function. If a noticeable change occurred in the Objective Function (OF), the point is considered an outlier. Experimental results show that our method works well. The test results show that the proposed approach gave good results when applied to different data sets.
Regional Hippocampal Volumes and Development Predict Learning and Memory

The hippocampus is an anatomically and functionally heterogeneous structure, but longitudinal studies of its regional development are scarce and it is not known whether protracted maturation of the hippocampus in adolescence is related to memory development. First, we investigated hippocampal subfield development using 170 longitudinally acquired brain magnetic resonance imaging scans from 85 participants aged 8-21 years. Hippocampal subfield volumes were estimated by the use of automated segmentation of 7 subfields, including the cornu ammonis (CA) sectors and the dentate gyrus (DG), while longitudinal subfield volumetric change was quantified using a nonlinear registration procedure. Second, associations between subfield volumes and change and verbal learning/memory across multiple retention intervals (5 min, 30 min and 1 week) were tested. It was hypothesized that short and intermediate memory would be more closely related to CA2-3/CA4-DG and extended, remote memory to CA1. Change rates were significantly different across hippocampal subfields, but nearly all subfields showed significant volume decreases over time throughout adolescence. Several subfield volumes were larger in the right hemisphere and in males, while for change rates there were no hemisphere or sex differences. Partly in support of the hypotheses, greater volume of CA1 and CA2-3 was related to recall and retention after an extended delay, while longitudinal reduction of CA2-3 and CA4-DG was related to learning. This suggests continued regional development of the hippocampus across adolescence and that volume and volume change in specific subfields differentially predict verbal learning and memory over different retention intervals, but future high-resolution studies are called for.
Comparisons and physics basis of tokamak transport models and turbulence simulations

The predictions of gyrokinetic and gyrofluid simulations of ion-temperature-gradient (ITG) instability and turbulence in tokamak plasmas as well as some tokamak plasma thermal transport models, which have been widely used for predicting the performance of the proposed International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) tokamak [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1996 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1997), Vol. 1, p. 3], are compared. These comparisons provide information on effects of differences in the physics content of the various models and on the fusion-relevant figures of merit of plasma performance predicted by the models. Many of the comparisons are undertaken for a simplified plasma model and geometry which is an idealization of the plasma conditions and geometry in a Doublet III-D [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. 1, p. 159] high confinement (H-mode) experiment. Most of the mo.
A Cross-Platform Comparison of Affymetrix and Agilent Microarrays Reveals Discordant miRNA Expression in Lung Tumors of c-Raf Transgenic Mice

Non-coding RNAs play major roles in the translational control of gene expression. In order to identify disease-associated miRNAs in precursor lesions of lung cancer, RNA extracts from lungs of either c-Raf transgenic or wild-type (WT) mice were hybridized to the Agilent and Affymetrix miRNA microarray platforms, respectively. This resulted in the detection of a range of miRNAs varying between 111 and 267, depending on the presence or absence of the transgene, on the gender, and on the platform used. Importantly, when the two platforms were compared, only 11–16% of the 586 overlapping genes were commonly detected. With the Agilent microarray, seven miRNAs were identified as significantly regulated, of which three were selectively up-regulated in male transgenic mice. Much to our surprise, when the same samples were analyzed with the Affymetrix platform, only two miRNAs were identified as significantly regulated. Quantitative PCR performed with lung RNA extracts from WT and transgenic mice confirmed only partially the differential expression of significant regulated miRNAs and established that the Agilent platform failed to detect miR-433. Finally, bioinformatic analyses predicted a total of 152 mouse genes as targets of the regulated miRNAs of which 4 and 11 genes were significantly regulated at the mRNA level, respectively in laser micro-dissected lung dysplasia and lung adenocarcinomas of c-Raf transgenic mice. Furthermore, for many of the predicted mouse target genes expression of the coded protein was also repressed in human lung cancer when the publically available database of the Human Protein Atlas was analyzed, thus supporting the clinical significance of our findings. In conclusion, a significant difference in a cross-platform comparison was observed that will have important implications for research into miRNAs.
Early Detection of Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity and Improvement With Heart Failure Therapy

Background— Three types of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicities are currently recognized: acute, early-onset chronic, and late-onset chronic. However, data supporting this classification are lacking. We prospectively evaluated incidence, time of occurrence, clinical correlates, and response to heart failure therapy of cardiotoxicity. Methods and Results— We assessed left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), at baseline, every 3 months during chemotherapy and for the following year, every 6 months over the following 4 years, and yearly afterward in a heterogeneous cohort of 2625 patients receiving anthracycline-containing therapy. In case of cardiotoxicity (LVEF decrease >10 absolute points, and <50%), heart failure therapy was initiated. Recovery from cardiotoxicity was defined as partial (LVEF increase >5 absolute points and >50%) or full (LVEF increase to the baseline value). The median follow-up was 5.2 (quartile 1 to quartile 3, 2.6–8.0) years. The overall incidence of cardiotoxicity was 9% (n=226). The median time elapsed between the end of chemotherapy and cardiotoxicity development was 3.5 (quartile 1 to quartile 3, 3–6) months. In 98% of cases (n=221), cardiotoxicity occurred within the first year. Twenty-five (11%) patients had full recovery, and 160 (71%) patients had partial recovery. At multivariable analysis, end-chemotherapy LVEF (hazard ratio, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.33–1.42 for each percent unit decrement) and cumulative doxorubicin dose (hazard ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.15 for each 50 mg/m2 increment) were independent correlates of cardiotoxicity. Conclusions— Most cardiotoxicity after anthracycline-containing therapy occurs within the first year and is associated with anthracycline dose and LVEF at the end of treatment. Early detection and prompt therapy of cardiotoxicity appear crucial for substantial recovery of cardiac function.
Soft-Biometrics: Unconstrained Authentication in a Surveillance Environment

Soft biometrics are characteristics that can be used to describe, but not uniquely identify an individual. These include traits such as height, weight, gender, hair, skin and clothing colour. Unlike traditional biometrics (i.e. face, voice) which require cooperation from the subject, soft biometrics can be acquired by surveillance cameras at range without any user cooperation. Whilst these traits cannot provide robust authentication, they can be used to provide coarse authentication or identification at long range, locate a subject who has been previously seen or who matches a description, as well as aid in object tracking. In this paper we propose three part (head, torso, legs) height and colour soft biometric models, and demonstrate their verification performance on a subset of the PETS 2006 database. We show that these models, whilst not as accurate as traditional biometrics, can still achieve acceptable rates of accuracy in situations where traditional biometrics cannot be applied.
Residential location markets and urban transportation : economic theory, econometrics, and policy analysis with discrete choice models

As part of a discussion on urban economics, Part 1 of the book reviews the development of economic equilibrium theory concerning the housing market and incorporating stochastic utility maximization models of discrete choice. In Part 2, chapters discuss empirical estimation, policy application and extensions of an urban simulation model developed in Part 1. Census data from the Chicago standard metropolitan statistical area (SMSA) is used to estimate the demand- and supply-side models which represent households choosing a residential location and mode of travel for the journey to work. This formulation of demand integrates the methodology of travel demand measurement with the comparable measurement of residential location demand. The models are combined into an equilibrium simulation model which determines travel and residential choices, and is intended for the examination of business district transportation investment and policies. (TRRL)
The Orange Labs Real Time Video Copy Detection System - TrecVid 2008 Results

In this paper, we describe the content-based video copy detection system developed at Orange Labs. We also present the evaluation results of the TrecVid 2008 copy detection evaluation task. Target applications of video copy detection are mainly related to video copyright protection and video database management (e.g. duplicate detection). We have taken into account the constraints of these applications when building our system. We have in particular focused on the objective of achieving an optimal trade-off between effectiveness (i.e. robustness to transformations) and efficiency (i.e. rapidity). The 3 runs we have submitted to TrecVid 2008 are described and analyzed according to the evaluation criteria defined for the benchmark. The obtained results show that our goal of having an efficient and effective system has been globally reached.
Lookup with CAM Aided Hash Table

Hashing is popularly adopted when it comes to a large scale of IP flows. This paper mainly focused on the lookup performance of Content Addressable Memory Aided Hash Table (CAHT). High throughout is available with minimized average memory access number. By rational approximation, the paper provided the lower bound on average memory access number over CAHT. When the hash is perfect hash or nearly to the perfect hash, the lower bound is achieved. Through the analysis of some typical CAHT, the lower bound is validated. Further, simulation is coincidental to the theory model. With this lower bound and the overflow fraction of CAHT, we can evaluate the throughput and the capability of CAM, so chose the proper hashing scheme in the actual applications.
Affective gaming: a GSR based approach

Affective computing is described as computing influenced by emotions, the idea behind affective gaming is to establish a correlation between a player emotional state and gameplay satisfaction by allowing a computer game to successfully detect and adapt to the player emotional state based on Biofeedback. This paper describes a preliminary study aimed at investigating whether GSR can be used to acquire information regarding the affective state of a player while playing a first person shooter game. The results indicate that the amplitude and frequency of phasic events is modulated by the level of difficulty of the game. These results support the possible role of affective computing in the context of game play and suggest that game play can be customised to the user's emotional state.
Frequent Statement and Dereference Elimination for Imperative and Object-Oriented Distributed Programs

This paper introduces new approaches for the analysis of frequent statement and dereference elimination for imperative and object-oriented distributed programs running on parallel machines equipped with hierarchical memories. The paper uses languages whose address spaces are globally partitioned. Distributed programs allow defining data layout and threads writing to and reading from other thread memories. Three type systems (for imperative distributed programs) are the tools of the proposed techniques. The first type system defines for every program point a set of calculated (ready) statements and memory accesses. The second type system uses an enriched version of types of the first type system and determines which of the ready statements and memory accesses are used later in the program. The third type system uses the information gather so far to eliminate unnecessary statement computations and memory accesses (the analysis of frequent statement and dereference elimination). Extensions to these type systems are also presented to cover object-oriented distributed programs. Two advantages of our work over related work are the following. The hierarchical style of concurrent parallel computers is similar to the memory model used in this paper. In our approach, each analysis result is assigned a type derivation (serves as a correctness proof).
Wine Flavonoids in Health and Disease Prevention

Wine, and particularly red wine, is a beverage with a great chemical complexity that is in continuous evolution. Chemically, wine is a hydroalcoholic solution (~78% water) that comprises a wide variety of chemical components, including aldehydes, esters, ketones, lipids, minerals, organic acids, phenolics, soluble proteins, sugars and vitamins. Flavonoids constitute a major group of polyphenolic compounds which are directly associated with the organoleptic and health-promoting properties of red wine. However, due to the insufficient epidemiological and in vivo evidences on this subject, the presence of a high number of variables such as human age, metabolism, the presence of alcohol, the complex wine chemistry, and the wide array of in vivo biological effects of these compounds suggest that only cautious conclusions may be drawn from studies focusing on the direct effect of wine and any specific health issue. Nevertheless, there are several reports on the health protective properties of wine phenolics for several diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, some cancers, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, allergies and osteoporosis. The different interactions that wine flavonoids may have with key biological targets are crucial for some of these health-promoting effects. The interaction between some wine flavonoids and some specific enzymes are one example. The way wine flavonoids may be absorbed and metabolized could interfere with their bioavailability and therefore in their health-promoting effect. Hence, some reports have focused on flavonoids absorption, metabolism, microbiota effect and overall on flavonoids bioavailability. This review summarizes some of these major issues which are directly related to the potential health-promoting effects of wine flavonoids. Reports related to flavonoids and health highlight some relevant scientific information. However, there is still a gap between the knowledge of wine flavonoids bioavailability and their health-promoting effects. More in vivo results as well as studies focused on flavonoid metabolites are still required. Moreover, it is also necessary to better understand how biological interactions (with microbiota and cells, enzymes or general biological systems) could interfere with flavonoid bioavailability.
Deformation of wildly ramified actions on curves

We study deformations of a curve Y (defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p) along with a wildly ramified group action ρ : G →֒ Aut(Y ). We compute the Krull dimension of the moduli space parametrizing deformations of the pair (Y, ρ). The deformations we consider are the unobstructed deformations in equal characteristic for which the branch locus is a simple horizontal divisor. This dimension depends crucially on the ramification filtrations of the cover Y → Y/G. We give an explicit formula for this dimension which, unlike earlier results in this area, has no restrictions on the inertia groups or ramification filtrations. The proof uses higher-dimensional formal patching to reduce to the case of deformations of a wildly ramified cover of germs of curves. We define a Galois action on covers of germs of curves. This action allows us to show that there exists a coarse moduli space for these deformations, to decompose this moduli space naturally into the product of smaller pieces, and to describe each such piece as a smooth affine variety of computable dimension. 2000 Mathematical Subject Classification: 14H30, 14G32