Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Responsible Delegation of Computation With User Privacy

Cloud computing allows a computationally weak user to delegate computation to a powerful server. The unprecedented accessibility of enormous computing power is not always used for good: malicious users may take advantage of powerful cloud servers to carry out ill deeds, as demonstrated by the 2011 Sony hack that was launched from the Amazon EC2 cloud platform. This highlights the importance of responsible delegation of computation services that actively attempt to prevent malicious use of their platform. Meanwhile, recent cryptographic developments are enabling private delegation of computation, allowing users to delegate computation on sensitive data without disclosing anything about it to the server. Responsibility and privacy seem to be at odds: how can we expect cloud services to prevent misuse of their platform if they cannot even look at the delegated computation? In this work, we devise a theoretical framework to model misuse-prevention by cloud services, oﬀering a rigorous deﬁnition of responsible delegation of computation. We then give an answer to the above question by presenting a cryptographic compiler that takes any (publicly-veriﬁable) one-round delegation protocol and produces a responsible and private one-round delegation protocol, using fully-homomorphic encryption and non-interactive zero-knowledge arguments .
Superconducting RF Guns: Emerging Technology for Future Accelerators

This paper gives an overview of Superconducting RF photo injectors (SRF guns) and focuses on the present status of SRF gun development, the technical requirements and the critical issues like cavity design, and photocathode integration. The presentation of the current projects is classified according to their photocathodes and their cavity types.
Application of GPS for aerial triangulation

The paper reviews the actual status of GPS camera positioning for aerial triangulation applications. The special strategy of allowing linear GPS drift errors and correcting them subsequently in a combined block adjustment is presented, and its operational features are discussed. Theoretical and empirical results of combined block adjustment show the high accuracy potential of GPS-supported aerial triangulation. A review of practical projects confirms the economic benefit of the method and demonstrates that it is ready for practical application
Simulation of Climate Change Effects on Hydropower Operations in Mountain Headwater Lakes, New Zealand

Future climate change is expected to have wide ranging impacts on the hydrology of mountain rivers because of changes in the magnitudes and timing of rain and snow, as well as the significant spatial variability of topography and other catchment characteristics. In New Zealand, hydropower generation in mountain basins is the primary source of electricity and renewable energy resource in the country. The goal of this study was to simulate and evaluate the potential effects of climate change on hydropower operations in three mountain headwater lakes (lakes Pukaki, Tekapo, and Ohau) in the Upper Waitaki Basin of the central South Island. The TopNet hydrological model was used to estimate catchment runoff and lake inflows based on the 1990s (baseline), 2040s, and 2090s periods. Average temperature and precipitation results from an ensemble of 12 Global Circulation Models based on the IPCC 4th Assessment Report A1B emissions scenario were used as input to TopNet. Linked hydropower lake water balance models were developed and used to simulate hydropower operations including discharge, hydroelectric power generation, and spill based on TopNet future inflow predictions, projected electricity demand, and lake storage and outflow characteristics. Our results indicate that annual lake inflows increase under future climate scenarios, but that there are seasonal effects with increasing flows in winter and early spring, and summer flows decreasing somewhat as a result of increasing temperatures and greater winter rain with less snow. Although overall hydropower generation can increase with the increasing flows and projected electricity demand, the seasonal changes result in demand being met in winter and spring with potential shortfalls in summer and autumn. Maximum annual generation can be achieved for some generating stations, but generation will decrease at other stations and more spill will likely be required through the 2090s because of the seasonal changes. Therefore flood and drought risk could also increase for downstream areas. Results also indicate that by the 2090s electricity demand could exceed generation capacity for these headwater lakes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical Impact of Stratospheric Alumina Particle Injection for Solar Radiation Modification and Related Uncertainties

Compared to stratospheric SO2 injection for climate intervention, alumina particle injection could reduce stratospheric warming and associated adverse impacts. However, heterogeneous chemistry on alumina particles, especially chlorine activation via ClONO2+HCl→surfCl2+HNO3 ${\text{ClONO}}_{2}+\text{HCl}\stackrel{\text{surf}}{\to }{\text{Cl}}_{2}+{\text{HNO}}_{3}$ , is poorly constrained under stratospheric conditions, such as low temperature and humidity. This study quantifies the uncertainty in modeling the ozone response to alumina injection. We show that extrapolating the limited experimental data for ClONO2 + HCl to stratospheric conditions leads to uncertainties in heterogeneous reaction rates of almost two orders of magnitude. Implementation of injection of 5 Mt/yr of particles with 240 nm radius in an aerosol‐chemistry‐climate model shows that resulting global total ozone depletions range between negligible and as large as 9%, that is more than twice the loss caused by chlorofluorocarbons, depending on assumptions on the degree of dissociation and interaction of the acids HCl, HNO3, and H2SO4 on the alumina surface.
Risk-taking Behaviour: The Role of Dark Triad Traits, Impulsivity, Sensation Seeking and Adverse Childhood Experience

Objective: Dark Triad Traits, Adverse Childhood Experiences, impulsivity and sensation seeking significantly influence whether one engages in or avoids various risk behaviours and personality throughout life. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate how Dark Triad Traits, Adverse Childhood Experience and impulsivity sensation influence risk taking behaviour personality throughout life. Methods: The sample included 222 university students from four universities, 82 males (36.9%) and 140 females (63.1%), and aged between 18 and 51 years. Results: The results showed that adverse childhood experiences, psychopathy, narcissism, impulsivity and sensation-seeking predicted risk taking. Machiavellianism, on the other hand, did not significantly predict risk taking. Based on results, adverse childhood experiences predicted risk-taking directly and indirectly through psychopathy, narcissism, impulsivity and sensation seeking. Conclusion: The results indicate that early childhood experiences are a significant factor in personality traits and that positive early experiences could lead to minimising risk taking and reducing levels of impulsivity, sensation-seeking and dark triad traits.
PROGRESS REPORT ON THE GLOBAL STRATOTYPE SECTIONS AND POINTS (GSSPs) OF THE PERMIN SYSTEM

Since the integrated chronostratigraphic scheme of the Permian System was approved by the Subcommission on Permian Stratigraphy (SPS) and formally adopted in the International Stratigraphic Chart of IUGS, five GSSPs in the Permian System have been formally ratified by ICS and IUGS. They are the bases of the Permian System (i.e. the base of Asselian Stage), Wuchiapingian, Capitanian, Wordian and Roadian Stages. The GSSP proposal for the base of the Changhsingian Stage at the Meishan Section D in Zhejiang, Southeast China has been voted 94% in favor by SPS and distributed to ICS for voting recently. SPS will concentrate efforts on the GSSPs for the Cisuralian stages including the bases of Kungurian, Artinskian and Sakmarian Stages in southern Urals of Russia. It is scheduled to set up GSSPs for all Permian stages by the end of 2006. In the meantime, SPS has launched international cooperation in highly precise global correlation and other post-stratotype tasks.
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-aa supports hair cell survival by regulating mitochondrial function

To support cell survival, mitochondria must balance energy production with oxidative stress. Inner ear hair cells are particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress; thus require tight mitochondrial regulation. We identified a novel molecular regulator of the hair cells’ mitochondria and survival: Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-aa (Pappaa). Hair cells in zebrafish pappaa mutants exhibit mitochondrial defects, including elevated mitochondrial calcium, transmembrane potential, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and reduced antioxidant expression. In pappaa mutants, hair cell death is enhanced by stimulation of mitochondrial calcium or ROS production and suppressed by a mitochondrial ROS scavenger. As a secreted metalloprotease, Pappaa stimulates extracellular insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) bioavailability. We found that the pappaa mutants’ enhanced hair cell loss can be suppressed by stimulation of IGF1 availability and that Pappaa-IGF1 signaling acts post-developmentally to support hair cell survival. These results reveal Pappaa as an extracellular regulator of hair cell survival and essential mitochondrial function.
DigitalCommons@UNO DigitalCommons@UNO

— The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between stride-to-stride fluctuations and prosthesis preference. Thirteen individuals with unilateral, transtibial amputation consented to participate. Individuals walked on a treadmill for 3 min with their prescribed and an alternate prosthesis. Stride-to-stride fluctuations were quantified with the largest Lyapunov exponent (LyE) of each joint flexion/extension time series. The change in the LyE was calculated for each major lower-limb joint for both conditions. Participants indicated preference between the prostheses on a continuous visual analog scale. The change in the LyE was correlated with the degree of preference between the two prostheses at the prosthetic ankle. The change in the LyE of the prosthetic ankle was strongly related to the degree of preference ( r = 0.629, p = 0.02). Thus, stride-to-stride fluctuations, quantified by the LyE, are strongly related to the patient’s perception of the prosthesis. As a result, the LyE is the first objective measure to detect changes in gait that relate to the patient’s perception of the prosthesis. The LyE should be further examined as a potentially effective prescriptive and outcome measure in prosthetic rehabilitation.
Biocompatible ﬁ bers from fungal and shrimp chitosans for suture application

Puri ﬁ ed fungal chitosan and crustacean chitosan were wet spun by using adipic and lactic acids as solvent. The lowest viscosity at which ﬁ ber formation was possible was 0.5 Pa · s; below this value, aggregates from low molecular weight fungal chitosan (32 kDa) formed, which could not be collected and dried. Fiber formation was achieved with high molecular weight fungal (400 kDa) and shrimp (406.7 kDa) chitosans as well as low molecular weight shrimp chitosan (50 – 190 kDa). Fibers made of high molecular weight chitosans with adi-pic acid as the solvent generally exhibited higher tensile strength; the highest observed tensile strength and Young ’ s modulus were 308.0 ± 18.4 MPa and 22.7 ± 4.0 GPa, respectively. SEM images indicated the formation of cylindrical chitosan ﬁ bers. The survival (viability) of human skin ﬁ broblasts in presence of different ﬁ bers was measured using tetrazolium ‐ based colorimetric assay and results con ﬁ rmed that chitosan ﬁ bers have better biocompatibility than common conventional sutures, regardless of the chitosan and acid type. Accordingly, chitosan ﬁ bers from fungal and shrimp sources serve as good candidates for application as sutures.
Geoscience education using virtual worlds: the Unicam Earth Island project

Questa ricerca e stata indirizzata a un nuovo approccio in materia di didattica delle geo scienze utilizzando un ambiente multi utente virtuale (Muve), definito Mondo virtuale. L'esperienza si svolge in un'isola virtuale in 3D, chiamato Unicam Earth Island, costruita per questo progetto di ricerca su un server dell'Universita degli Studi di Camerino. Essa e una piattaforma virtuale dove gli studenti e gli insegnanti possono studiare, collaborare e creare attivita scientifiche sulle geoscienze Questo studio riporta i risultati della sperimentazione effettuata su un gruppo di classi di medie e scuole superiori in Italia, nella zona vicino Napoli, che comprende 520 studenti e 83 insegnanti. Gli insegnanti di scienze sono stati coinvolti, per indagare come e in che misura una strategia innovativa potrebbe migliorare l'insegnamento della geologia nella scuola italiana.
An Empirical Remark about Middle Income Trap Problem for Turkey

This study has been performed to indicate the causality relationship between the middle income trap and the factors which are considered to be reasons for this trap in Turkey. It is expected that revealing this relationship in an empirical way will contribute scientifically to this new concept. Starting from this point of view, the relationship between middle income trap, high technology export and public spending on education has been researched. It is thought that these factors are necessary indicators for Turkey to overcome the trap even though it has been a country of upper middle income group. Time serial analysis made for the years 1983-2013 suggests that Turkey can overcome the middle-income trap if it attaches enough importance for public spending on education.
Southward Shift and Intensification of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the North Pacific Across the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition

The Hadley Circulation and associated westerlies strengthened and moved equatorward across the mid‐Pleistocene transition (MPT). However, the evolution of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is still elusive due to the scarcity of long‐term hydrological records from regions sensitive to the ITCZ change. Here, high‐resolution sea surface salinity estimates derived from surface‐dwelling planktic foraminiferal δ18O and Mg/Ca in Ocean Drilling Program Site 871 reveal a long‐term freshening trend in the central equatorial Pacific across the MPT. We attribute this secular reorganization of the precipitation‐evaporation balance to the gradual southward migration and intensification of ITCZ in the North Pacific. It is inferred that the long‐term evolution of the ITCZ was modulated by the increased meridional sea surface temperature gradients and the enhancements of trade winds across the MPT.
Non-interactive Security Framework for Mobile Device based Academic Monitoring System

Cloud computing is an emerging computing paradigm in which resources of the computing infrastructure are provided as services over the web. Mobile device based academic monitoring system (AMS) are inherently open systems and thereby vulnerable to various attacks. This paper proposes a non-interactive security framework for mobile device based AMS, which is based on a security and privacy model with the tree permission hierarchy on Bilinear pairing. It has advantageous especially in the communication cost, which required non-interactive communications to establish session key right after the proper authentication. The proposed framework supports privacy based on anonymity, untraceability, and security of confidentiality, integrity, nonrepudiation, key management, and authentication and so on. Thereby, the framework could be used as a basic security building block for AMS over cloud services.
The Effect of Tax Planning on Earnings Management

This study aims“to determine the effect of tax planning accompanied by other variables, namely leverage and firm size, on earnings management. The research method is a descriptive and quantitative study using statistical techniques of multiple linear regression analysis. The population are “non-manufacturing companies in the infrastructure sector listed on the Indo-nesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2014-2018. Sample selection using the purposive sam-pling technique was obtained from 19 firms. The sources of data in this research are second-ary data. The results show that tax planning and company size affect earnings management. Vice versa, the variable leverage and interest rates don’t affect earnings management. Simul-taneously, leverage, tax planning, and company size significantly influence earnings manage-ment. What needs to be considered, taxpayers undertake a practice to reduce or minimize the tax burden to be paid to the state, often slipping into fraud such as tax evasion
The Influence of Ethical Leadership on Employee Prosocial Behavior-The Mediating Role of Moral Identity

The present study aims to investigate the interconnections of ethical leadership, moral identity, and employee prosocial conduct within the private business sector in the Kurdistan area of Iraq. The study adopts a quantitative research technique, utilizing a sample of 112 employees from seven distinct firms. The research incorporates survey tools to measure ethical leadership, moral identity, and prosocial conduct. The objective of this study is to examine the direct and indirect impacts of ethical leadership on employee prosocial behavior while considering moral identity as a potential mediator. The findings offer strong evidence in favor of the proposed associations. There is a considerable and positive relationship between ethical leadership and both moral identity and employee prosocial conduct. Likewise, moral identity exhibits a robust and favorable correlation with the engagement of employees in prosocial conduct. Moreover, the confluence of ethical leadership and moral identity in influencing prosocial conduct has been validated, substantiating the mediating function of moral identity within this association. The implications of these studies have practical significance for firms seeking to foster pleasant working environments. The promotion of ethical leadership practices is emphasized as a crucial approach to improving both the formation of moral identity and the engagement of employees in activities that benefit society. This research adds to the expanding corpus of scholarly work on organizational behavior, highlighting the significance of ethical leadership and personal beliefs in influencing a socially responsible and altruistic workplace setting. It is recommended that future studies undertake a long-term examination of these associations, encompassing a wide range of cultural contexts, and study additional variables that could potentially impact the observed dynamics.
Urinary TIMP2 and IGFBP7 Identifies High Risk Patients of Short-Term Progression from Mild and Moderate to Severe Acute Kidney Injury during Septic Shock: A Prospective Cohort Study

Background To examine whether the new urinary biomarkers TIMP2 and IGFBP7 can predict progression within 24 hours and 72 hours from mild and moderate (KDIGO 1 or 2) to severe (KDIGO 3) AKI in patients with septic shock. Methods A prospective, multicenter observational study performed in three French ICUs. The urinary biomarkers TIMP2∗IGFBP7 were analyzed at the early phase (<6 hours) of patients admitted for septic shock with mild and moderate AKI. Results Among the 112 patients included, 45 (40%) progressed to the KDIGO 3 level 24 hours after inclusion (KDIGO 3 H24) and 47 (42%) 72 hours after inclusion (KDIGO 3 H72). The median urinary TIMP2∗IGFBP7 at inclusion (baseline) were higher in the KDIGO 3 group than in the KDIGO<3 group at H24 and H72. All covariates with a p value < 0.1 in the univariate analysis were included in stepwise multiple logistic regression models to identify factors independently associated with the risk of KDIGO 3 at H24 and H72. TIMP2∗IGFBP7 remained independently associated with KDIGO 3 at H24 and H72. Baseline posology of norepinephrine, baseline urine output, and baseline serum creatinine remained also significantly associated with progression to KDIGO 3 at H24. Baseline TIMP2∗IGFBP7 and baseline urinary output had the best AUC ROC. A baseline TIMP2∗IGFBP7 > 2.0 (ng/ml)2/1,000 identified the population at high risk of KDIGO 3 H24 (relative risk 4.19 (1.7-10.4)) with a sensitivity of 76% (60-87) and a specificity of 81% (69-89). But the diagnostic performance at H72 of baseline TIMP2∗IGFBP7 was poor (AUC: 0.69 (0.59-0.77)). Conclusion The urinary TIMP2∗IGFBP7 concentration and the urine output at the early phase of septic shock are independent factors to identify the population at high risk of progression from mild and moderate to severe AKI over the next 24 but not 72 hours. A TIMP2∗IGFBP7 concentration > 2.0 (ng/ml)2/1,000 quadruples the risk of KDIGO 3 AKI within 24 hours. This trial is registered with (NCT03547414).
14C Background Levels in An Accelerator Mass Spectrometry System

The levels and sources of the measurement background in an AMS 14C dating system have been studied in detail. The relative contributions to the total background from combustion, graphitization, storage, handling, and from the accelerator were determined by measuring the C concentrations in samples of anthracite coal ranging in size from 15μg to 20mg. The results show that, for the present system, the uncertainty in the background is greater than that due to measurement precision alone for very old or for very small samples. While samples containing 100μg of carbon can yield useful 14C dates throughout the Holocene, 200 to 500μg are required for dating late Pleistocene materials. With the identification of the procedures that introduce contamination, the level and uncertainty of the total system background should both be reducible to the point that 100μg of carbon would be sufficient for dating most materials.
Are Default Rate Time Series Stationary? A Practical Approach for Banking Experts*

As the IFRS 9 accounting standard requires banks to recognise impairments based on a forward-looking expected loss concept, banks must estimate the quantitative relationship between default rates and macroeconomic indicators (GDP, unemployment, etc.). In such models, the stationarity of the (usually short) default rate time series is often the most critical issue. In this article, we provide practical advice for banking experts on how (under which circumstances) they can still use short default rate time series in OLS regressions even if those fail regular stationarity tests. We argue that if margin of conservativism is requested for the underlying default rate projections, then applying (seemingly) non-stationary default rate time series in OLS models might not necessarily be problematic.
Antifungal resistance in cnlac1 possessing Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from domestic and feral pigeons in West Bengal, India

Cryptococcus neoformans acts as a major etiology of human infections in immunocompromised, cancer and transplant patients. The present study was conducted to detect the occurrence and antifungal resistance of C. neoformans in domestic and feral pigeons in and around Kolkata, a metropolitan city in India with considerable size of pigeon population. Weathered droppings of domestic and feral pigeons (n=917) were collected from different pet bird shelters, different buildings and other places. Isolation and identification of C. neoformans was performed based on cultural, biochemical properties. Antifungal sensitivity of the confirmed isolates were performed according to standard CLSI protocols with seven antifungals and caspofungin. A total of 153(16.68%) samples were found positive for Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans. All the isolates possessed CNLAC1 outer gene in PCR. Antifungal sensitivity revealed marked resistance to amphotericin-B (33.33%), fluconazole (20.91%), flucytosine (11.11%), and ketoconazole (8.49%). This is of great concern as the study area (Kolkata) is a densely populated city and the birds are in close proximity to the people.