Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perception of intonational contours on given and new referents : a completion study and an eye-movement experiment

Two factors have facilitated advances in the study of the interplay between speech perception and phonology: first, we now have the benefit of various technological advances that allow for the collection and analysis of data on perception that were unavailable 20 years ago, and second, theoretical progress. In the framework of Optimality Theory (Prince & Smolensky 2004, McCarthy & Prince 1993), research has led to the formulation of perceptually grounded constraints that interact with constraints motivated by other modules of the linguistic system. See for instance Smolensky 1996, Steriade 1995, 1999, Flemming 1995, who have modeled in OT the influence of perception on the usual production grammar. A further progress is proposed by Boersma (1998 et seq.), who models perception itself in OT. In this paper, by presenting a completion experiment and an eye-tracking study and by implementing the results in an OT model, we rely on both the technological and the theoretical advances. Traditionally, phonological theory draws heavily on production, a fact which is explained by the ease with which articulatory facts, like the position of the tongue, can be analyzed as opposed to the difficulties encountered in the study of perception. It has been observed repeatedly, however, that the way we perceive contrasts in sound structure has an influence on phonological systems and sound changes, and vice-versa, and that we articulate sounds or sound sequences depending on how we perceive them (see for instance Ohala 1981, Lindblom 1990, Steriade 1999). To cite well-known examples, palatalization arises as a consequence of coarticulation between a coronal and a high vowel, and final devoicing as a consequence of a reduction of all final obstruents to plain voiceless ones. If neutralization arises as a result of palatalization or final devoicing, contrasts are lost. But clearly, the maintenance of a contrast may be in some cases more important than the reduction of articulatory effort, even when perception is not maximally guaranteed, such as in nonprominent syllables (see Hume 1994 and Cavar 2004, for instance). On a more abstract level, perception and production may not be separable into distinct cognitive modules, since these two components have necessarily evolved in parallel. The phonetic articulation of sounds and the intonation of melodies are achieved by manipulating the physical acoustic waves, and their perception is translated into auditory impressions by the auditory system. Phonological systems, on the other hand,
A Three Dimensional Static RAM

A three-dimensional (3-D) 256-bit static random-access memory (RAM) with double active layers has been fabricated by using the laser recrystallization technique. Memory cells were located in a bottom active layer with an NMOS configuration and peripheral circuits were arranged in a top active layer with a CMOS configuration. Both active layers were connected by 112 via holes. The chip and cell sizes were 2.6 × 1.9 mm2and 50 × 70 µm2, respectively. The memory operation was observed with a supply voltage from 4 to 8 V. The shortest address access time of 42 ns was obtained at the supply voltage of 8 V.
Linguistically-driven Selection of Correct Arcs for Dependency Parsing

LISCA is an unsupervised algorithm aimed at assigning a quality score to each arc generated by a dependency parser in order to produce a decreasing ranking of arcs from correct to incorrect ones. LISCA exploits statistics about a set of linguistically-motivated and dependency-based features extracted from a large corpus of automatically parsed sentences and uses them to assign a quality score to each arc of a parsed sentence belonging to the same domain of the automatically parsed corpus. LISCA has been successfully tested on two datasets belonging to two different domains and in all experiments it turned out to outperform different baselines, thus showing to be able to reliably detect correct arcs also representing domain-specific peculiarities.
Metformin in combination with rosiglitazone contribute to the increased serum adiponectin levels in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus

To evaluate how metformin plus rosiglitazone affect serum adiponectin levels in people suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 240 patients having T2DM were selected in this cohort study. Included subjects were randomly and equally separated into three subsets: i) Group A (rosiglitazone group); ii) group B (metformin group); and iii) group C (rosiglitazone + metformin group). Furthermore, meta-analysis of previous studies was performed by searching the general search engines and bibliographic databases. Compared with before treatment, the serum amount of adiponectin grew considerably in the three groups after treatment, and the levels in the group C was much greater than those of groups A and B (all P<0.05). Corresponding meta-analysis results suggested post-treatment serum adiponectin level to be greater than pretreatment level in T2DM patients (P<0.001). Further subgroup analyses indicated that combination therapy of metformin and rosiglitazone may increase the amount of serum adiponectin in T2DM sufferers among the majority subgroups (all P<0.05). The combination of metformin and rosiglitazone treatment increased serum adiponectin levels, suggesting that metformin plus rosiglitazone therapy is a suitable choice to treat T2DM.
Equivariance Through Parameter-Sharing

We propose to study equivariance in deep neural networks through parameter symmetries. In particular, given a group G that acts discretely on the input and output of a standard neural network layer ϕW : ℝM → ℝN, we show that ϕW is equivariant with respect to G-action iff G explains the symmetries of the network parameters W. Inspired by this observation, we then propose two parameter-sharing schemes to induce the desirable symmetry on W. Our procedure for tying the parameters achieves G-equivariance and, under some conditions on the action of G, it guarantees sensitivity to all other permutation groups outside G.
eCAT: a tool for automating test cases generation and execution in testing multi-agent systems

We introduce eCAT, a tool that supports deriving test cases semi-automatically from goal-based analysis diagrams, generates meaningful test inputs based on agent interaction ontology, and more importantly it can evolve and execute test cases automatically and continuously on a multi-agent system (MAS). Our experiments have shown that the proposed tool can exercise MAS more extensively and effectively than manual testing under the usual time constraints.
Power minization in LUT-based FPGA technology mapping

In this paper, we consider the problem of lookup table (LUT) based FPGA technology mapping for power minimization in combinational circuits. The problem has been previously proved to be NP-hard, and hence we present an efficient heuristic algorithm for it. The main idea of our algorithm is to exploit the "cut enumeration" technique to generate possible mapping solutions for the sub-circuit rooted at each node. However, for the consideration of both run time and memory space, only a fixed-number of solutions are selected and stored by our algorithm. To facilitate the selection process, a method that correctly calculates the estimated power consumption for each mapped sub-circuit is developed. The experimental results indicate that our algorithm reduces the average power consumption by up to 14.18%, and the average number of LUTs by up to 6.99% over an existing method.
The validity and reliability of the Stroke Drivers Screening Assessment

A stroke can cause physical and cognitive impairments such as lack of concentration, visual inattention and reasoning difficulties which may affect a drivers' ability to drive safely. The Stroke Drivers Screening Assessment (SDSA) has been developed by the University of Nottingham as a screening tool to identify drivers who are not fit to resume driving following a stroke. TRL and the University of Leeds were commissioned by the Department for Transport to investigate the current use of the SDSA in the UK and examine the validity and reliability of the screening tool. The project consisted of four studies: (1) survey of SDSA users establish the extent to which the SDSA is currently being used across the United Kingdom; consider the ease of its use; and investigate the advice given based on the results of the test; (2) An inter-rater reliability study to investigate whether different assessors reach the same outcome and whether the scoring procedure and the interpretation of the results are accurate and rigorous; (3) A test-retest reliability study to investigate whether a person tested on two separate occasions will obtain the same result and whether any possible learning effects resulting from repeated administration of the test are likely to lead to a change in the outcome (from fail to pass); (4)A validity study to investigate the criterion-related validity (predictive validity and concurrent validity) and face validity of the SDSA. The criterion used was performance in an on-road driving assessment. To gain an indication of concurrent validity the Visual Attention Analyser Useful Field of View (UFOV) test was used as measure. This report describes the findings from these studies. (A)
Adoption of Communication Technologies in a Texas Health Setting

Advances in communication technologies generate new opportunities for collaboration. With each technological innovation, we acquire a greater capacity to share information, resources, data, and reinforce best practices. Certain technologies, such as e-mail, the Web, video, and teleconferencing may reduce the need for travel and expensive long distance bills. This is an important development for groups of people working together across distances. The Texas Statewide Coordinated Statement of Need (TX SCSN) project, funded by the Texas Department of Health (TDH) Bureau of HIV and STD, is a multi-year project assessing the need and utilization of services for people living with HIV or AIDS throughout the state. In an effort to ensure effective communications with a dispersed volunteer group, the project used several communication technologies. The purpose of this paper is to describe communication technologies employed by the TX SCSN. We describe each communication technology, the underlying rationale, as well as the extent to which they were adopted.
Microarray Comparison of Anterior and Posterior Drosophila Wing Imaginal Disc Cells Identifies Novel Wing Genes

Signaling between cells in the anterior (A) and posterior (P) compartments directs Drosophila wing disc development and is dependent on expression of the homeodomain transcription factor Engrailed (En) in P cells. Downstream of en, posteriorly expressed Hedgehog (Hh) protein signals across the A/P border to establish a developmental organizer that directs pattern formation and growth throughout the wing primordium. Here we extend investigations of the processes downstream of en by using expression array analysis to compare A and P cells. A total of 102 candidate genes were identified that express differentially in the A and P compartments; four were characterized: Stubble (Sb) expression is restricted to A cells due to repression by en. CG15905, CG16884; CG10200/hase und igel (hui) are expressed in A cells downstream of Hh signaling; and RNA interference for hui, Stubble, and CG16884 revealed that each is essential to wing development.
Peak energy turnover in lactating European hares: a test of the heat dissipation limitation hypothesis

SUMMARY It has been suggested that maximum sustained metabolic rate (SusMR) in mammals as reached, for instance, during lactation, is due to a limited capacity for heat dissipation. Here, we experimentally tested whether heat dissipation limitation (HDL) also constrains energy turnover in lactating European hares. Experimentally, we made use of the fact that hares nurse their young only once per day, which allowed us to keep females and young either at the same or at different ambient temperatures. During the last lactation week (week 4) females kept at thermoneutrality (22°C), irrespective of the cold load of their young, had significantly lower rates of metabolisable energy intake (MEI) than cold-exposed mothers (5°C), as predicted by the HDL hypothesis. However, in week 2 of lactation females at thermoneutrality rearing cold-exposed young were able to increase MEI to levels indistinguishable from those of cold-exposed females. Thus, even at thermoneutral temperature females reached maximum rates of energy turnover, which was inconsistent with the HDL hypothesis. We conclude that SusMR in lactating European hares typically results not from physiological constraints but from an active restriction of their energy turnover in order to maximise lifetime reproductive success.
Georgia Computes! An Intervention in a US State, with Formal and Informal Education in a Policy Context

Georgia Computes! (GaComputes) was a six-year (2006--2012) project to improve computing education across the state of Georgia in the United States, funded by the National Science Foundation. The goal of GaComputes was to broaden participation in computing and especially to engage more members of underrepresented groups which includes women, African Americans, and Hispanics. GaComputes’ interventions were multi-faceted and broad: summer camps and after-school/weekend programs for 4th--12th grade students, professional development for secondary teachers, and professional development for post-secondary instructors faculty. All of the efforts were carefully evaluated by an external team (led by the third and fourth authors), which provides us with an unusually detailed view into a computing education intervention across a region (about 59K square miles, about 9.9 million residents). Our dataset includes evaluations from over 2,000 students who attended after-school or weekend workshops, over 500 secondary school teachers who attended professional development, 120 post-secondary teachers who attended professional development, and over 2,000 students who attended a summer day (non-residential) camp. GaComputes evaluations provide insight into details of interventions and into influences on student motivation and learning. In this article, we describe the results of these evaluations and describe how GaComputes broadened participation in computing in Georgia through both direct interventions and indirect support of other projects.
Cases and Materials on Criminal Law

This popular casebook, through the selection of classic and modern cases, provides an excellent tool for teaching students the common law foundations of the criminal law and modern statutory reform, including the Model Penal Code. Along the way, the casebook considers modern controversies (e.g., "shaming" punishment, rape law, self-defense by battered women, euthanasia, the role of culture in determining culpability), and creatively uses literature (e.g., examining insanity through Edgar Allen Poe's The-Tell Tale Heart) and even "brain teasers" to confront (as the Preface states) "the Big Questions . that philosophers, theologians, scientists, and poets, as well as lawyers, have grappled with for centuries. " Professor Stephen Garvey (Cornell) joins the casebook beginning with this new edition.The Sixth Edition, as in the past, includes some new cases, as well as updates in the notes that bring current issues of criminal law to the fore. New Power Points have been added to the casebook companion website. For more information and additional teaching materials, visit the companion site .
Modeling Integrated Cellular Machinery Using Hybrid Petri-Boolean Networks

The behavior and phenotypic changes of cells are governed by a cellular circuitry that represents a set of biochemical reactions. Based on biological functions, this circuitry is divided into three types of networks, each encoding for a major biological process: signal transduction, transcription regulation, and metabolism. This division has generally enabled taming computational complexity dealing with the entire system, allowed for using modeling techniques that are specific to each of the components, and achieved separation of the different time scales at which reactions in each of the three networks occur. Nonetheless, with this division comes loss of information and power needed to elucidate certain cellular phenomena. Within the cell, these three types of networks work in tandem, and each produces signals and/or substances that are used by the others to process information and operate normally. Therefore, computational techniques for modeling integrated cellular machinery are needed. In this work, we propose an integrated hybrid model (IHM) that combines Petri nets and Boolean networks to model integrated cellular networks. Coupled with a stochastic simulation mechanism, the model simulates the dynamics of the integrated network, and can be perturbed to generate testable hypotheses. Our model is qualitative and is mostly built upon knowledge from the literature and requires fine-tuning of very few parameters. We validated our model on two systems: the transcriptional regulation of glucose metabolism in human cells, and cellular osmoregulation in S. cerevisiae. The model produced results that are in very good agreement with experimental data, and produces valid hypotheses. The abstract nature of our model and the ease of its construction makes it a very good candidate for modeling integrated networks from qualitative data. The results it produces can guide the practitioner to zoom into components and interconnections and investigate them using such more detailed mathematical models.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Buzzy, Distracting Cards and Balloon Inflating on Mitigating Pain and Anxiety During Venipuncture in a Pediatric Emergency Department

Background Painful medical procedures in childhood may have long-term negative effects on development and future tolerance of pain, evidence suggests that a significant number of children receive less than optimal management of procedure-related pain Objective The present study aim to investigate the efficacy of three interventions methods (Buzzy, distracting cards and balloon inflating) on mitigating pain and anxiety associated with venipuncture in a group of pediatric patients. Methods A prospective randomized clinical trial with children who required venipuncture and aged 7 to12 years was conducted in a pediatric ED. Data were obtained by conducting interviews with the children, their parents, and the observer. The pain levels of the children were assessed by the parent, observer as well as self-report using the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R). The anxiety levels of children were assessed using Children Fear Scale (CFS). Results One hundred and eighty children (mean age, 9.3±1.9 years) were included. The pain levels of children showed statistically significant differences between the groups in the self-, observer- and parent-reported procedural pain (p = 0.012, p = 0.036, p = 0.014 respectively). No significant differences were observed between the groups in procedural child anxiety levels according to the parents and observer (p =0. 42, 0.13 respectively). Conclusion The results of the study suggests that the distraction method through Buzzy, distraction cards and balloon inflating are effectively decreased pain levels of children compared with the control group according to self-report, parent-report and observer-report.
Co-expression of putative cancer stem cell markers, CD133 and Nestin, in skin tumors.

BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSC) are populations of cells responsible for tumor initiation, progression and therapeutic resistance in many cancers. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression pattern and clinical significance of two CSC markers, CD133 and Nestin, in a series of skin tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and thirteen paraffin blocks from skin cancers including 16 (14%) cases of melanoma, 37 (33%) of squamous cell cancer (SCC) and 60 (53%) of basal cell cancer (BCC) were collected and assembled in a tissue microarray (TMA). The samples were immunohistochemically examined for the expression of CD133 and Nestin. Expression of these markers was also correlated with clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS A significant difference was observed in the expression of CD133 and Nestin in melanomas, SCC and BCC (p value=0.001). Furthermore, the level of expression was significantly higher in the melanomas compared to the SCC and BCC tumors. Expression of CD133 in the melanoma was significantly associated with increased tumor invasiveness (p value=0.05), a higher rate of metastasis (p value=0.04) and the presence of ulceration (p value=0.02). Increased expression of Nestin was observed in metastatic melanoma (p value=0.04), while no statistically significant correlation was found with other clinicopathological parameters including Breslow thickness, Clark level and ulceration. CONCLUSIONS Elevated expression levels of CD133 and Nestin in the melanomas are associated with advanced disease, with more aggressive and metastatic skin tumors. Therefore, these markers could be potential therapeutic targets for malignant tumors of the skin.
On the equivalence of minimum time input shaping with traditional time-optimal control

Investigates the constant amplitude nature of several time-optimal input shaping designs for controlling flexible structures. The authors first discuss the equivalence of the time-optimal zero-vibration shaper with the traditional time-optimal control problem. Then the authors show that several robust time-optimal shaper designs for flexible systems are equivalent to the time-optimal controls for different systems. This equivalence allows properties and numerical methods for time-optimal control problems to be applied to minimum time input shaping design.
Research on 8PSK + STBC + MIMO about High-speed Transmission Scheme in Mobile Communications

According to BPSK¿STBC and QPSK¿STBC(Space-time block codes) wireless transmission system of two launch antenna and one or two receiving antenna, 8PSK+STBC high-speed wireless transmission system is proposed first in the research, and the transmission scheme is compared and simulated with Monte Carlo simulation from two aspects of noise performance and spectrum efficiency. The research results show that the scheme this paper has existed good noise performance and high spectrum efficiency that various schemes shows. 8PSK transmission scheme is still worth with application in the practice.
Analysis of human arm characteristics in cooperative motion based on musculoskeletal model

Human characteristics are supposed to be applied to the control systems of the human-friendly robots. Therefore, it is important to know the human characteristics in man-machine cooperative tasks. In this study, we considered a rotational one degree of freedom experimental system as well as a mass-spring-damper-friction dynamic model for the human arm, and analyzed the characteristics of the human arm with the effect of the gravity load. We compared this cooperative motion with the study without the gravity load. As the result, we found that the damping and friction characteristics remained unchanged and the spring characteristics disappeared. In this case, the characteristics of the follower's arm had no relationship with the weight of the load.