Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of orthobiologics in hip preservation surgery

The potential regenerative role of different orthobiologics is becoming more recognized for the treatment of chronic and degenerative musculoskeletal conditions. Over the last few years there has been an increasing number of publications on cell therapy and other orthobiologics for the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head and other hip conditions with promising short–term clinical results. In this article, we have used a systematic search of the literature to identify potentially relevant topics on orthobiologics and then selected those most applicable to hip preservation surgery. We identified several innovative strategies and present a summary of the currently available evidence on their potential role in hip preservation surgery. For many of these treatment strategies there was a lack of clinical evidence and therefore we suggest that there is a need for comparative studies in this field.
Mapping of Oil and Gas Exploration Business Data Entities for Effective Operational Management

Spatio-temporal data of petroleum resources businesses are heterogeneous in nature with multiple relationships among various entities and attributes. Object oriented (OO) systems provide alternative solutions for handling the complex exploration business data entities, where traditional database systems pose serious limitations. Exploration, which is a key business object class in any petroleum business environment, is composed of several sub classes, such as navigation, seismic, vertical seismic profiling (VSP), well-log and reservoir. Authors classify these typical spatio-temporal data items as classes and sub class objects in the OO modeling. In the present paper, logical entity-relationship (ER) models have been re-written in multidimensional and object-oriented models. Syntax of typical exploration data object classes, attributes, operations and their relationships has been described for implementation purposes. This work demonstrates how object class logical data models are flexible and interoperable for fast changing petroleum business situations. Models presented in this paper, guide exploration data managers for effectively managing their operations. An OLAP model discussed in this paper is a pursuit of cost saving detailed exploration for oil and gas prospect investigation in any basin.
A Priori Principles of Reason

As my title indicates, I would like to present various a priori principles of reason: a basic empiricist principle, as I would like to call it, some coherence principles, principles about the connection between truth and reason, etc. They are familiar, indeed venerable. What my paper will add are precise explications of those principles and rigorous relations between them. Just in order to make you curious, I will at last derive a weak principle of causality from a principle characteristic of pragmatic truth. This connection sounds surprising, and in view of the recent persistent silence on the principle of causality this result is certainly alerting. Let me work up to those principles and relations.
Please Scroll down for Article Language and Cognitive Processes Lexical Semantics and Irregular Inflection

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Does Test-Driven Development Really Improve Software Design Quality?

Support for test-driven development [TDD] is growing in many development contexts beyond its common association with extreme programming. By focusing on how TDD influences design characteristics, we hope to raise awareness of TDD as a design approach and assist others in decisions on whether and how to adopt TDD. Our results indicate that test-first programmers are more likely to write software in more and smaller units that are less complex and more highly tested. We weren't able to confirm claims that TDD improves cohesion while lowering coupling, but we anticipate ways to clarify the questions these design characteristics raised. In particular, we're working to eliminate the confounding factor of accessor usage in the cohesion metrics.
Trace modelling for abduction basecalling

DNA sequencing using the fluoresence based Sanger method comprises interpretation of a sequence of signal peaks of varying size whose colour indicates the presence of a base. We have established that the ability to predict the variations effectively makes available novel error correction information which will improve sequencing efficacy. Our experiments so far have used basic models of the Sanger reaction chemistry and machine learning techniques. These have enabled us to make base calls just using context information, specfically ignoring the peak data at the base calling position. The 80% success rate of our blind experiments is striking, and will be improved by a more accurate model of trace behaviour. To this end, and to integrate the information into mainstream basecalling, we wish to develop an enzyme kinetics model susceptible to calibration of its component rates such that trace data can be accurately predicted. We describe DNA sequencing trace data, outline the trace prediction problem requirements on the model, and discuss model construction and calibra-
Low-mass members of the young cluster IC 4665 and pre-main-sequence lithium depletion

We have used fibre spectroscopy to establish cluster membership and examine pre-mainsequence (PMS) lithium depletion for low-mass stars (spectral types F to M) in the sparse young (� 30 Myr) cluster IC 4665. We present a filtered candidate list of 40 stars that should contain 75 per cent of single cluster members with 11.5 0.5 M� . Further work is required to identify and assess the effects of these additional parameters, particularly to probe conditions at the interface between the subphotospheric convection zone and developing radiative core. Until then, PMS Li depletion in F- to early M-type stars cannot be confidently used as a precise age indicator in young clusters, kinematic groups or individual field stars.
Cell adhesion molecules and ischemic stroke

Abstract Objective: To describe the role of adhesion molecules in ischemic stroke. Methods: A PubMed search of literature pertaining to this study was conducted in April 2008 using specific keyword search terms pertaining to stroke and various listed subtopics related to adhesion molecules. Results: An important contribution of β2-integrins (CD11/CD18), intercellular adhesion molecule and P-selectin in the recruitment of leukocytes as well as platelets in the post-ischemic cerebral microvasculature has been defined in related studies. Immunoblockade or genetic deletion of these adhesion molecules has been shown to reduce infarct volume, edema, behavioral deficits and/or mortality in different animal models of ischemic stroke. Anti-adhesion agents also appear to widen the therapeutic window for thrombolytic therapy in these experimental models. An emerging role of inflammatory signaling pathways has also been addressed in modulating adhesion properties of post-ischemic cerebral microvasculature. Despite the promising data obtained from animal studies, few clinical trials assessing anti-adhesion therapy in ischemic stroke have failed to show efficacy. Discussion: Several experiments using cell surface adhesion molecules as targets of stroke therapy are promising yet inadequate. Clinical trials using immune blockade of adhesion molecules by antibodies have failed due to immune reactions of the host. Further clinical trials are needed to test the efficacy of humanized antibodies or non-immunogenic agents that interfere with cell adhesion mechanisms. Adhesion blocking strategies seem to be effective particularly at reperfusion and use of these strategies with thrombolytic therapies justifies a continued effort to define the role of adhesion molecules in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia–reperfusion.
The Runx2 Osteogenic Transcription Factor Regulates Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 in Bone Metastatic Cancer Cells and Controls Cell Invasion

ABSTRACT The Runx2 (Cbfa1/AML3) transcription factor and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) are key regulators of growth plate maturation and bone formation. The genes for both proteins are characteristic markers of breast and prostate cancer cells that metastasize to bone. Here we experimentally addressed the compelling question of whether Runx2 and MMP are functionally linked. By cDNA expression array analysis, we identified MMP9 as a novel downstream target of Runx2. Like that of MMP13, MMP9 expression is nearly depleted in Runx2 mutant mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed the recruitment of Runx2 to the MMP9 promoter. We show by mutational analysis that the Runx2 site mediates transactivation of the MMP9 promoter in osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) and nonosseous (HeLa) cells. The overexpression of Runx2 by adenovirus delivery in nonmetastatic (MCF-7) and metastatic breast (MDA-MB-231) and prostate (PC3) cancer cell lines significantly increases the endogenous levels of MMP9. The knockdown of Runx2 by RNA interference decreases MMP9 expression, as well as that of other Runx2 target genes, including the genes for MMP13 and vascular endothelial growth factor. Importantly, we have demonstrated using a cell invasion assay that Runx2-regulated MMP9 levels are functionally related to the invasion properties of cancer cells. These results are consistent with Runx2 control of multiple genes that contribute to the metastatic properties of cancer cells and their activity in the bone microenvironment.
Elastic Coupling of Nascent apCAM Adhesions to Flowing Actin Networks

Adhesions are multi-molecular complexes that transmit forces generated by a cell’s acto-myosin networks to external substrates. While the physical properties of some of the individual components of adhesions have been carefully characterized, the mechanics of the coupling between the cytoskeleton and the adhesion site as a whole are just beginning to be revealed. We characterized the mechanics of nascent adhesions mediated by the immunoglobulin-family cell adhesion molecule apCAM, which is known to interact with actin filaments. Using simultaneous visualization of actin flow and quantification of forces transmitted to apCAM-coated beads restrained with an optical trap, we found that adhesions are dynamic structures capable of transmitting a wide range of forces. For forces in the picoNewton scale, the nascent adhesions’ mechanical properties are dominated by an elastic structure which can be reversibly deformed by up to 1 µm. Large reversible deformations rule out an interface between substrate and cytoskeleton that is dominated by a number of stiff molecular springs in parallel, and favor a compliant cross-linked network. Such a compliant structure may increase the lifetime of a nascent adhesion, facilitating signaling and reinforcement.
Backed into a corner: challenging media and policy representations of youth citizenship in the UK

ABSTRACT As a group, young people in the UK are represented in media and policy as vulnerable to radicalisation, exclusion or criminality, and as digitally savvy ‘partners’ and service users. These contradictions between media and policy constructions of young people highlight the problematic frames through which young citizens are imagined and represented. In tandem, mainstream UK media and policy documents identify normative institutional forms of participation as primary arenas for youth engagement. Drawing on extended original thematic analyses of media messages and policy documents about and for young people, and on expert interviews with young activists and youth policy-makers, this paper finds that (1) adults and young people who work in the fields of youth activism and policy have far more precise and critical understandings of young people's needs, contexts and diversity as citizens than media representations or policy narratives; that (2) the nuanced perspectives of young people and of these adults is frequently lost or unheard; and that (3) a diverse repertoire of productive forms of youth active citizenship – which are critical, playful and dissenting – are discouraged, excluded, delegitimised or criminalised. By building consensus amongst powerful adults, media representations and instrumental policies regarding youth thus further widen the chasm between ‘accepted’ notions of youth active citizenship and how young people enact citizenship in their everyday lives. Rather than retreating from difficult and contentious politics to protect adult authorities, media and policy narratives should acknowledge these as key levers for the productive and critical development of active young citizens in a strong democracy.
Speed and current sensorless field oriented induction motor drive operating at low stator frequencies

The paper aims to demonstrate that, by exploiting the sensorless zero sequence voltage (SZSV) airgap flux estimation technique, it is possible to realize field oriented induction motor drives without speed and current sensors, able to operate down to zero speed. According to the SZSV technique, a zero sequence stator voltage component is generated as a result of the injection of a suitable high frequency signal on the stator voltage. By manipulation of such a zero voltage component, that is unaffected by speed and load changes, it is possible to detect both the amplitude and the angular position of the airgap flux. In the present paper, it is shown that such a technique allows also to estimate the motor speed and the phase currents, enabling implementation of a field oriented control as well as speed and current closed control loops using a simple hardware that, with minor modifications, resembles that of an inexpensive constant Volt/Hertz drive. Experimental tests are shown in order to practically confirm the expected features of the proposed approach.
Development of Low Phytate Rice by RNAi Mediated Seed-Specific Silencing of Inositol 1,3,4,5,6-Pentakisphosphate 2-Kinase Gene (IPK1)

Phytic acid (InsP6) is considered to be the major source of phosphorus and inositol phosphates in most cereal grains. However, InsP6 is not utilized efficiently by monogastric animals due to lack of phytase enzyme. Furthermore, due to its ability to chelate mineral cations, phytic acid is considered to be an antinutrient that renders these minerals unavailable for absorption. In view of these facts, reducing the phytic acid content in cereal grains is a desired goal for the genetic improvement of several crops. In the present study, we report the RNAi-mediated seed-specific silencing (using the Oleosin18 promoter) of the IPK1 gene, which catalyzes the last step of phytic acid biosynthesis in rice. The presence of the transgene cassette in the resulting transgenic plants was confirmed by molecular analysis, indicating the stable integration of the transgene. The subsequent T4 transgenic seeds revealed 3.85-fold down-regulation in IPK1 transcripts, which correlated to a significant reduction in phytate levels and a concomitant increase in the amount of inorganic phosphate (Pi). The low-phytate rice seeds also accumulated 1.8-fold more iron in the endosperm due to the decreased phytic acid levels. No negative effects were observed on seed germination or in any of the agronomic traits examined. The results provide evidence that silencing of IPK1 gene can mediate a substantial reduction in seed phytate levels without hampering the growth and development of transgenic rice plants.
The “ Visible Hand ” in a Production-Chain Market : A Market Equilibrium from Network Analytical Perspective

We analyze general price equilibrium mechanisms of production-chain markets, comparing the producer market model proposed by Harrison White with hypothesized network effects on pricing that emerge from empirical analysis of trade relationships among over 8,000 firms in a large-scale industrial district in Tokyo. Consistent with White’s model, the supplier-prime buyer relationships are strictly hierarchical and constitute a directed acyclic graph (DAG). There are no exchange cycles that would promote price equilibrium. We argue, partly from a Simmelian approach to triad configurations, that three linked network configurations are likely to affect pricing. First, a particular form of structural cohesion as defined by multi-connectivity (bicomplete connectedness within a large bicomponent) is a critical “seeding” mechanism where quasi-optimal exchange can be achieved as the “visible hand” in production-chain markets. Second, a powerful core of elite firms was detected that organizes status differences among firms and serves to institutionalize role structures in the production markets. Third, structural advantages in pricing accrue to elite core firms because suppliers upstream in the hierarchy operate through a 4:1 preponderance of multiple-supplier to multiple-buyer triads, which enforces competition among themselves rather than among the buyers. These pricing benefits to buyers are passed along to the downstream elite firms. The elites can exert power over the complex network through the serial divisions of labor embedded in the tiers of subcontracting hierarchies, dominating price-setting from the top.
Exploring the problems of sentiment analysis in informal Arabic

With the increasing interest in social media, sentiment Analysis has become a hot topic in the research community. This is due to the important applications that can be derived from analyzing people opinions. Although there are many tools that were designed to extract sentiments, they can be only used for Latin Scripts. This presents the need for giving more interest to Arabic sentiment analysis research. In fact, earlier research in this field is limited and most of them focused on formal Arabic. For that reason, the paper attempts to investigate the problems of analyzing informal Arabic sentiments. To explore these problems, an experiment based on a dictionary look-up process was carried out on Twitter Arabic messages. As a result of this experiment, a classification of the encountered problems is provided. This classification can be considered as a step toward designing efficient sentiment Analysis tools for informal Arabic. In addition, highlighting these problems may encourage researchers to contribute more in this field.
Online Consumer Trust: A Multi-Dimensional Model

Consumer trust is widely heralded as an essential element for the success of electronic commerce, yet the concept itself is still clouded in confusion by the numerous definitions and points of view held across multiple disciplines. It is the aim of this paper to synthesise the viewpoints from across the disciplines and bring them together in a multi-dimensional trust model. It is hoped that in doing so, these broad assortment of views will highlight the true underlying nature of trust in the online environment. From these multiple disciplines, three dimensions of trust emerged: dispositional trust, institutional trust and interpersonal trust, each bringing its own influencing factors into the overall intention to trust. From this model emerged the notion that the consumer as an individual is central to the understanding of trust, and in turn that the individualâ€™s personality and culture form the foundation for the development of trust.
High-calcium exposure to frog heart: a simple model representing hypercalcemia-induced ECG abnormalities

By simply adding a high concentration of calcium solution to the surface of the bullfrog heart, we reproduced electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities representing those observed in hypercalcemia, such as Osborn waves and shortening of the QT interval. The rise in extracellular calcium concentration may have activated the outward potassium currents during phase 3 of the action potential, and thus decreased its duration. In addition to the known decrease in the duration of phase 2, such changes in phase 3 were also likely to contribute to the shortening of the QT interval. The dual recordings of the action potential in cardiomyocytes and the ECG waves enabled us to demonstrate the mechanisms of ECG abnormalities induced by hypercalcemia.
A Cost Estimation Model for Multimedia-Based Courseware Development

New developments in information technology, like computer networks and hypermedia systems, enhance the role of computers in teaching and learning. Indeed, parts of the teaching process can be automated and the learning process can be helped substantially. The necessary software that accomplishes this goal is termed \courseware" and its development is not an easy task. One of the problems that are related to the development of courseware is that of accurate cost estimation. In this paper, we present a novel model for cost estimation in multimedia-based courseware development, using an algorithmic cost estimation mechanism based on the work breakdown structure of a typical courseware application. We suggest the \page", i.e. a screenful of educational material, as the basic unit in our size metric. Although our model has not been adequately tested yet, the rst results are promising.
Who's afraid of the world wide web? Web-based shoppers, new taxonomies

This paper reviews contemporary literature and reports on studies in the field of the market segmentation of webbased shoppers. It suggests that discrete groups of consumers perceive the internet differently to each other; and that the key to successful web-based marketing strategy is clear segmentation and taxonomy. Based on findings of an empirical study comprising a series of focus groups and an email survey, ways of segmenting web-based shoppers by; gender, age, education, life stage, ethnic type and previous internet usage are suggested and detailed. These taxonomies should be of benefit marketing academics, administrators and practioners alike. (100 word
Air Temperature Forecasting using Radial Basis Functional Artificial Neural Networks

Forecasting is the referred to as the process of estimation in unknown situations. Weather forecasting, specially air temperature, is one of the most important factors in many applications. This paper presents an approach to develop Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to forecast air temperatures. One important architecture of neural networks namely Radial Basis Function (RBF) will be used as a function approximator. The RBF trained using meteorological data of one year and tested on another year. The data consist of observations of various meteorological variables such as relative humidity, dew point, wind speed, wind direction and air pressure. To come up with appropriate centres for the RBF neurons, the weather data was clustered into several groups using k-means clustering algorithm. The weather data for this research were collected from the meteorological department of Misurata city, for year two years. The data of one year is used for supervised training using labelled data while the other year data was used of testing the trained ANN. Several testes were run to come up with the most suitable ANN structure based on lowest MSE in predicting air temperature. Results have shown that these structures gave very good prediction in term of accuracy. Key-Words: Artificial neural network, weather forecasting, , Radial Basis Function, classification, kmeans