Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensor-Driven Calibration and Co-Registration of Airborne Multisensor LiDAR Data

Abstract. In large-area LiDAR mapping projects, surveyors might collect data at different times and with different sensors, creating loosely connected laser point clouds with varying point densities, accuracies, and overlaps. Current LiDAR calibration methodologies refine each point cloud and evaluate the accuracy of each point cloud individually. In the case when a surface model is required, an individual DEM tile is derived from each point cloud separately. This traditional workflow often causes geometric inconsistencies in the transitional zones of neighboring survey areas and introduces difficulties in the mosaicking process of the DEM tiles. In this article, a new methodology for generating geometrically correct laser point clouds—free of blunders and systematic errors—and seamless co-registration of multiple neighboring laser point clouds with minimal ground control input is introduced. Datasets collected at different times and/or with multiple equipment can be geometrically rectified in a fully automated fashion through improved sensor parameters, either simultaneously or sequentially within the same least squares adjustment, resulting in a steady flow of accuracy in the overlap zones. Further, by processing adjacent laser point clouds, it is further shown how this procedure reduces the geometric inconsistencies from, initially, several decimeters to a few centimeters and achieves an absolute accuracy of a few centimeters across all survey blocks, consistently, using just one control point. Building on this unique methodology, a new, simplified process for generating more homogenous and more accurate DEM products is suggested. Résumé. Pour des projets de cartographie LiDAR de grande envergure, les géomètres peuvent recueillir des données à des moments différents et avec des capteurs différents. Ceci produit des nuages de points laser aux liens assez lâches avec des densités de points, des précisions et des chevauchements différents. Les méthodologies actuelles de rectification LiDAR affinent et corrigent chaque nuage de points individuellement, ce qui provoque souvent des incohérences géométriques dans les zones de transition des carreaux de levés topographiques voisins et introduit des difficultés dans la création de mosaïques modèles numériques d’élévation (MNE)«Digital Elevation Model (DEM)». Dans cet article, est introduite une nouvelle méthode de rectification LiDAR, qui permet de joindre des nuages de points laser voisins sans discontinuités avec un minimum de point de référence au sol. Des ensembles de données collectées à des moments différents et/ou avec du matériel différent peuvent être corrigés simultanément ou successivement dans le même ajustement des moindres carrés, résultant en un flux continu de précision dans les zones de chevauchement. Il est en outre montré comment cette procédure réduit les incohérences géométriques et la perte d’information généralement associées avec le processus de création de mosaïques MNE «DEM» traditionnel, et réalise des produits MNE «DEM» plus homogènes, cohérents, et précis.
Adaptation, translation and validation of Internet Addiction Test (IAT)-Sinhalese version to detect internet addiction disorder among 15-19-year-old adolescents in Colombo District, Sri Lanka

Introduction: The earth has been conceptually changed by the internet into a town of high-dimensional information networks. The internet has greatly enhanced many elements of people's lives and has integrated seamlessly into daily life. Internet addiction disorder is becoming a potentially troublesome condition that coexists with behavioural issues that are already present, particularly in adolescents.Objectives: To adapt, translate and validate a tool for detecting internet addiction disorder in adolescents aged 15-19 years in Colombo District, Sri LankaMethods: A cross-sectional validation study was conducted in which the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was adapted, translated and validated into Sinhalese language (IAT-Sinhalese version). Statistical analysis was carried out with a sample size of 228 to test the construct validity using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A total of 239 study participants were selected as the sample to test for Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Using LISREL 8.8, the statistical analysis was completed. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability methods were used to evaluate the reliability.Results: IAT-Sinhalese version demonstrated a four-factor model consisting of 20 items with the model indices of RMSEA of 0.06, CFI of 0.93, NNFI of 0.91, SRMR of 0.063 and GFI of 0.77. It had an acceptable internal consistency with Cronbach Alpha value of 0.782. Conclusions & Recommendations: IAT-Sinhalese version is a valid and reliable instrument to detect internet addiction disorder among 15-19-year-old adolescents in Sri Lanka.
A 2D multistage median filter to reduce random seismic noise

Random noise lowers the S/N of seismic data and decreases the accuracy of dynamic and static corrections, thus degrading final data quality. A 2D multistage median filter (MLM) that effectively reduces the high-frequency random noise can be implemented by applying 1D median filters (MF) in several directions and choosing a value derived from them to output at the center of the 2D window. The choice of window size depends on the intensity of the random noise and the percentage of the input data samples within the window that contain noise. Synthetic data can be used to demonstrate how to choose the window size. The tendency of the method to damage the signal while reducing the noise can be minimized by optimizing window size and by applying two passes with modest-sized windows as opposed to a single pass with a larger window. Results of using the method on prestack and poststack data from the Songliao basin in China demonstrate that the method is effective at both stages.
Doing Good Instead of Doing Well? What Lawyers Could be Doing in a World of 'Too Many' Lawyers

This paper explores some of the misalignment in the legal profession in terms of allocation to particular parts of the profession. The paper suggests that there are not “too many lawyers,” but that lawyers could and should be doing other things, beyond conventional forms of legal representation, both for access to justice, and for transformations of the legal system and human problem solving. Lawyers can perform different roles in dispute resolution (mediating, arbitrating, negotiating, as well as litigating), including performing design functions for organizations and other sites of iterated disputes, advising individuals and entities about how to handle and “manage” conflict in order to actually reduce the need for conventional legal services. The paper explores issues of what constitutes “legal knowledge and expertise” and how such knowledge might be deployed to solve complex social and legal problems outside of conventional legal professional boundaries. Contrasts are made with other areas of expertise and the restructuring of professional knowledge in other fields such as business consulting and architecture. The paper concludes by suggesting that lawyers and legal educators need to proactively reframe what is considered to be legal work and legal education for new ways of legal and human problem solving to be studied and learned.Este articulo analiza algunos desajustes en la distribucion de determinadas partes de la abogacia. Se sugiere que no hay "demasiados abogados", sino que los abogados podrian y deberian estar haciendo otras cosas, mas alla de los sistemas convencionales de representacion legal, tanto en el acceso a la justicia, como en las transformaciones del sistema juridico y la resolucion de conflictos humanos. Los abogados pueden asumir diferentes papeles en la resolucion de conflictos (mediacion, arbitraje, negociacion, o defensa juridica), incluyendo el diseno de funciones para organizaciones y otras instituciones dedicadas a las disputas, aconsejando a individuos y entidades sobre como manejar y “gestionar” los conflictos, con el fin de reducir de forma real la necesidad de los servicios juridicos convencionales. El articulo explora los asuntos relacionados con "el conocimiento y la experiencia juridica" y como se puede utilizar este conocimiento para resolver problemas sociales y legales complejos que quedan fuera de los limites profesionales juridicos convencionales. Se comparan con otras areas de conocimiento y con la reestructuracion de los conocimientos profesionales en otros campos, como las empresas consultoras y de arquitectura. El articulo concluye sugiriendo que abogados y profesores de derecho deben replantear de forma proactiva lo que se considera trabajo legal y educacion juridica, para estudiar y aprender nuevas formas de resolver conflictos humanos y legales.
A Trend-Granulation-Based Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm for Clustering Interval-Valued Time Series

Along with the abundant appearance of the interval-valued time series (ITS), the study on ITS clustering, especially shape-based ITS clustering, is becoming increasingly important. As an effective approach to extracting trend information in time series, fuzzy trend granulation addresses the needs of shape-based ITS clustering. However, when extracting trend information in ITS, unequal-size granules are inevitably produced, which makes ITS clustering difficult and challenging. Facing this issue, this article aims to generalize the widely used fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm to a fuzzy trend-granulation-based FCM algorithm for ITS clustering. To this end, a suite of algorithms, including ITS segmenting, segment merging, and granule building algorithms, are first developed for fuzzy trend-granulation of ITS, with which the given ITS is transformed into granular ITS, which consists of double linear fuzzy information granules (DLFIGs) and may be of different lengths. With the defined distance between DLFIGs, the distance between granular ITS is further developed through the dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm. In designing the fuzzy trend-granulation-based FCM algorithm, the key step is to design the method for updating cluster prototypes to cope with the unequal lengths of granular ITS. The weighted DTW barycenter averaging method is a previously adopted prototype updating approach with the drawback of hardly changing the lengths of prototypes, which often makes prototypes less representative. Thus, a granule splitting and merging algorithm is designed to resolve this issue. Additionally, a prototype initialization method is also proposed to improve the clustering performance. The proposed fuzzy trend-granulation-based FCM algorithm for clustering ITS, being a typical shape-based clustering algorithm, exhibits superior performance, which is validated by the ablation experiments as well as the comparative experiments.
Effect of Beneng Taro Flour Substitution (Xanthosoma undipes K.Koch) on the Sensory Quality of Palembang Pempek

Beneng taro flour is used as a substitution ingredient in the manufacture of pempek adaan to optimize the use of local foodstuffs that are widely grown in the area. This study aims to analyze the effect of substitution of taro beneng flour on the manufacture of pempek adaan on sensory quality. This research was conducted at the Processing Laboratory of the Tata Boga Education Study Program, State University of Jakarta. The method used in this study is an experimental method. The research sample used was pempek adaan substitution of taro beneng flour 15%, 25% and 35%, then tested to 3 expert panelists who assessed aspects of color, taste and texture. The conclusion of this research is that there is a substitution of taro beneng flour which has a good sensory quality of 25% to be developed.
Current Overview of Metal Nanoparticles’ Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications, with a Focus on Silver and Gold Nanoparticles

Metal nanoparticles (NPs) have garnered considerable attention, due to their unique physicochemical properties, that render them promising candidates for various applications in medicine and industry. This article offers a comprehensive overview of the most recent advancements in the manufacturing, characterization, and biomedical utilization of metal NPs, with a primary focus on silver and gold NPs. Their potential as effective anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial agents, drug delivery systems, and imaging agents in the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of disorders is reviewed. Moreover, their translation to therapeutic settings, and the issue of their inclusion in clinical trials, are assessed in light of over 30 clinical investigations that concentrate on administering either silver or gold NPs in conditions ranging from nosocomial infections to different types of cancers. This paper aims not only to examine the biocompatibility of nanomaterials but also to emphasize potential challenges that may limit their safe integration into healthcare practices. More than 100 nanomedicines are currently on the market, which justifies ongoing study into the use of nanomaterials in medicine. Overall, the present review aims to highlight the potential of silver and gold NPs as innovative and effective therapeutics in the field of biomedicine, citing some of their most relevant current applications.
An Observation of a Very High Swelling of Bromovirus Members at Specific Ionic Strengths and pH

Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) and brome mosaic virus (BMV) are naked plant viruses with similar characteristics; both form a T = 3 icosahedral protein capsid and are members of the bromoviridae family. It is well known that these viruses completely disassemble and liberate their genome at a pH around 7.2 and 1 M ionic strength. However, the 1 M ionic strength condition is not present inside cells, so an important question is how these viruses deliver their genome inside cells for their viral replication. There are some studies reporting the swelling of the CCMV virus using different techniques. For example, it is reported that at a pH~7.2 and low ionic strength, the swelling observed is about 10% of the initial diameter of the virus. Furthermore, different regions within the cell are known to have different pH levels and ionic strengths. In this work, we performed several experiments at low ionic strengths of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 and systematically increased the pH in 0.2 increments from 4.6 to 7.4. To determine the change in virus size at the different pHs and ionic strengths, we first used dynamic light scattering (DLS). Most of the experiments agree with a 10% capsid swelling under the conditions reported in previous works, but surprisingly, we found that at some particular conditions, the virus capsid swelling could be as big as 20 to 35% of the original size. These measurements were corroborated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) around the conditions where the big swelling was determined by DLS. Therefore, this big swelling could be an easier mechanism that viruses use inside the cell to deliver their genome to the cell machinery for viral replication.
Global Concentrations of CO2 and CH4 Retrieved from GOSAT: First Preliminary Results

The Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) was launched on January 23, 2009, to monitor global atmospheric levels of CO2 and CH4 from space. GOSAT started initial operation of its instruments after an initial satellite system check. Although the radiant data obtained by the GOSAT instruments are currently in the preliminary stages of calibration and validation, the spectral absorption features of CO2 and CH4 are clearly identifiable. An initial retrieval of these gaseous concentrations was performed for measurement scenes of cloud-free conditions over land. These results showed that column-averaged dry air mole fractions of both CO2 and CH4 in the northern hemisphere were higher than those in the southern hemisphere. These latitudinal differences agree with data obtained from ground-based sources and other satellite observations; however, the absolute values of the gaseous concentrations from GOSAT data seem to have been underestimated. Calibrations as well as validation should be conducted to improve the quality of GOSAT retrievals.
Isotopic evidence for the origin of boninites and related rocks drilled in the Izu-Bonin (Osagawara) Forearc, Leg 125

Twenty-six samples representing the wide range of lithologies (low- and intermediate-Ca boninites and bronzite andesites, high-Ca boninites, basaltic andesites-rhyolites) drilled during Leg 125 at Sites 782 and 786 on the Izu-Bonin outer-arc high have been analyzed for Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopes. Nd-Sr isotope covariations show that most samples follow a trend parallel to a line from Pacific MORB mantle (PMM) to Pacific Volcanogenic sediment (PVS) but displaced slightly toward more radiogenic Sr. Pb isotope covariations show that all the Eocene-Oligocene samples plot along the Northern Hemisphere Reference Line, indicating little or no Pb derived from subducted pelagic sediment in their source. Two young basaltic andesite clasts within sediment do have a pelagic sediment signature but this may have been gained by alteration rather than subduction. In all isotopic projections, the samples form consistent groupings: the tholeiites from Site 782 and Hole 786A plot closest to PMM, the boninites and related rocks from Sites 786B plot closest to PVS, and the boninite lavas from Hole 786A and late boninitic dikes from Hole 786B occupy an intermediate position. Isotope-trace element covariations indicate that these isotopic variations can be explained by a three-component mixing model. One component (A) has the isotopic signature of PMM but is depleted in the more incompatible elements. It is interpreted as representing suboceanic mantle lithosphere. A second component (B) is relatively radiogenic (eNd = ca 4-6; 206Pb/204Pb = ca 19.0-19.3; eSr = ca -10 to -6)). Its trace element pattern has, among other characteristics, a high Zr/Sm ratio, which distinguishes it from the "normal" fluid components associated with subduction and hotspot activity. There are insufficient data at present to tie down its origin: probably it was either derived from subducted lithosphere or volcanogenic sediment fused in amphibolite facies; or it represents an asthenospheric melt component that has been fractionated by interaction with amphibole-bearing mantle. The third component (C) is characterized by high contents of Sr and high eSr values and is interpreted as a subducted fluid component. The mixing line on a diagram of Zr/Sr against e Sr suggests that component C may have enriched the lithosphere (component A) before component B. These components may also be present on a regional basis but, if so, may not have had uniform compositions. Only the boninitic series from nearby Chichijima would require an additional, pelagic sediment component. In general, these results are consistent with models of subduction of ridges and young lithosphere during the change from a ridge-transform to subduction geometry at the initiation of subduction in the Western Pacific.
The effect of virtual reality exposure therapy on focus of attention, self-criticism, and interpretation bias in university students with social anxiety

BACKGROUND: The present research aims to investigate the effectiveness of virtual reality exposure therapy on the focus of attention, self-criticism, and interpretation bias among university students with social anxiety. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present research was conducted using quasi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test control group design. The participants were university students aged between 10 and 30 years old who had visited Isfahan counseling centers in 1399 HS. Among 53 patients referred to the counseling centers, 30 were randomly selected by convenience sampling and then assigned to an experimental group (15 individuals) and a control group (15 individuals). The experimental group received eight sessions of 30-minute and face-to-face virtual reality-based interventions. In contrast, the control group remained on the waiting list. A structured clinical interview and Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) were used to select and screen students, and the Focus of Attention Questionnaire (FAQ), Levels of Self-Criticism Scale (LOSC), and revised interpretation bias inventory were applied for the pre-test and the post-test. Then, all the data were analyzed by a statistical analysis of covariance. RESULTS: The results showed that virtual reality exposure therapy significantly reduces the symptoms of the focus of attention, self-criticism, and interpretation bias in the experimental group compared to the control group. (P < 0/01). CONCLUSION: The research showed that virtual reality exposure therapy reduced the symptoms of social anxiety. Therefore, this method can be applied to reduce some symptoms of social anxiety in university students.
Plant biotechnology in agriculture

The current status of the subject is explained well in this commendable book. By describing the essential problems faced in improving plants and their underlying molecular biology, and the relevance of the new techniques, the text is made accessible to botanists and biotechnologists. Chapter 1 details the successes and limitations of established breeding techniques. This is followed by an introduction to the biology of cultured cells which acts as a base for discussion of germplasm storage and micropropagation (chapter 4), an introduction to somaclonal variation (5) and protoplast fusion (6). Similarly, an introduction to the molecular biology of plants and its manipulation (3) clarifies a section on genetic transformation in chapter 6. The later chapters focus on manipulation of plant product quality and quantity (including nitrogen fixation) (7), manipulations of reproductive biology and development (8) and manipulation of resistance (including resistance to fungi, viruses, insects, herbicides and stress) (9). The final chapter, on the prospects for the future of plant biotechnology, suggests some of the limitations to progress, and mentions the uncertainty about permission for release experiments. A glossary of technical terms, a subject index and suggestions for general and specific reading are included.