Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the stability and mobility of di-vacancies in tungsten

Properties of small vacancy clusters in tungsten were studied with first-principles calculations. The binding and formation energies of the vacancy clusters increase with the cluster size. Dynamic characteristics of a di-vacancy were specified between room temperature and 700 K with lattice kinetic Monte Carlo calculations, which were parametrised with the present first-principles results for the dissociation barriers. An Arrhenius fit for the di-vacancy diffusion yielded D=0.04exp⁡(−1.65 eV kT−1) cm2 s−1, and for the mean lifetime, τ=0.093exp⁡(1.7 eV) kT−1 ps. The di-vacancy system was found to be stable up to 500 K, due to the high energy needed for its dissociation. Having a carbon impurity was found to increase the tungsten di-vacancy binding energy.
Detecting wood surface defects with fusion algorithm of visual saliency and local threshold segmentation

This paper presents a new method for wood defect detection. It can solve the over-segmentation problem existing in local threshold segmentation methods. This method effectively takes advantages of visual saliency and local threshold segmentation. Firstly, defect areas are coarsely located by using spectral residual method to calculate global visual saliency of them. Then, the threshold segmentation of maximum inter-class variance method is adopted for positioning and segmenting the wood surface defects precisely around the coarse located areas. Lastly, we use mathematical morphology to process the binary images after segmentation, which reduces the noise and small false objects. Experiments on test images of insect hole, dead knot and sound knot show that the method we proposed obtains ideal segmentation results and is superior to the existing segmentation methods based on edge detection, OSTU and threshold segmentation.
Frequency Information Disentanglement Network for Video-Based Person Re-Identification

Recently, most video-based person re-identification (Re-ID) methods adopt complex model or multi-scaled information to explore more discriminative spatio-temporal clues, thus achieving better retrieval accuracy. However, we witness that these approaches involve significant higher computation costs but only improve limited performances. Therefore, the overarching goal at this stage is to solve video Re-ID on the trade-off between accuracy and efficiency, thereby boosting the application in real scenarios. Frequency transform provides advantages of simplified representation, identification of hidden information and noise filtering in signal processing. Motivated by this, we treat the complex spatio-temporal feature as signal and convert it to frequency domain. By directly analyzing frequency clues, complex feature extraction procedures can be avoided. Specifically, this paper proposes a novel paradigm by categorizing video features into low/high and spatial/temporal frequency information. Then, with the help of 3D DCT, we theoretically establish the transform equivalence relationship between spatio-temporal domain and frequency domain. Finally, this paper proposes a simple and intuitive Frequency Information Disentanglement Network (FIDN) for video Re-ID. By extracting and applying both low and high frequency spatio-temporal features from a disentangling way, FIDN achieves comprehensive and discriminative video representation. Extensive experiments indicate that FIDN reaches the state-of-the-arts with only one convolution layer addition against baseline.
Measurement of Femoral Trochlear Morphology in Dogs Using Ultrasonography

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to examine a method for measuring femoral trochlear morphology in dogs using ultrasonography, and survey femoral trochlear morphology in skeletally normal dogs. Study Design To examine the validity of ultrasonography, three raters measured the sulcus angle (SA; the angle between the medial and lateral facets) five times in five skeletally normal dogs. Intra- and interrater reliabilities were then calculated. We also calculated the correlation coefficient between SAs measured using ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Then, we surveyed the femoral trochlear morphology in skeletally normal dogs using ultrasonography. Results The intra- and interrater reliability for SAs measured using ultrasonography was good, and the correlation coefficient between SAs measured using ultrasonography and CT, or MRI, was strong. In skeletally normal dogs, the SAs for osseous contours decreased until 6 months of age. However, the SAs for cartilaginous contours did not change during the growth period. Conclusion The ultrasonographic measurement method is reliable for the evaluation of femoral trochlear morphology in dogs. The contour of the articular cartilage surface of the femoral trochlea is already determined early in life, and ossification of the articular cartilage of the femoral trochlea proceeds until 6 months of age. The results of this study will provide crucial information for the evaluation of femoral trochlear morphology in dogs.
The Development of "nSight-1" - Earth Observation and Science in 2U

nSight-1 (QB50 AZ02) is a 2U size satellite developed in South Africa as part of the international EU-funded QB50 project. The satellite carries two main payloads: an atmospheric science instrument and an imager for Earth observation. Mission-specific challenges included integrating our imaging hardware into the severely space-andpower constrained 2U form factor enforced by the QB50 mission. Additionally, the available UHF data link needs to simultaneously serve the atmospheric science payload as well as the intended imaging mission. nSight-1 serves as a benchmark for CubeSat programmes, having been completed in full compliance with the QB50 project and launch requirements in a mere 6 months. Deployment into orbit was achieved on 25 May 2017. We present our programme’s development and early commissioning results, paying specific attention to nSight-1’s role as Earth Observation technology demonstrator.
A Velocity Decomposition Approach for Three-Dimensional Unsteady Viscous Flow at High Reynolds Number

A Velocity Decomposition Approach for Three-Dimensional Unsteady Viscous Flow at High Reynolds Number by Yang Chen Chair: Prof. Kevin J. Maki A velocity decomposition method is developed for the solution of three-dimensional, unsteady flows. The velocity vector is decomposed into an irrotational component (viscous-potential velocity) and a vortical component (vortical velocity). The vortical velocity is selected so that it is zero outside of the rotational region of the flow field and the flow in the irrotational region can thus be solely described by the viscouspotential velocity. The formulation is devised to employ both the velocity potential and the Navier-Stokes-based numerical methods such that the field discretization required by the Navier-Stokes solver can be reduced to only encompass the rotational region of the flow field and the number of unknowns that are to be solved by the Navier-Stokes solver is greatly reduced. A higher-order boundary-element method is used to solve for the viscous potential by applying a viscous boundary condition to the body surface. The finite-volume method is used to solve for the total velocity on a reduced domain, using the viscous-potential velocity as the boundary condition on the extent of the domain. The viscous-potential velocity and the total velocity are time dependent due to the unsteadiness in the boundary layer and the wake. A two-
Identification and protection of early cardiotoxicity in acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing transplantation

ABSTRACT Cardiotoxicity of antitumor therapy results in declining survival rates. More specifically, cardiotoxicity is positively correlated with cumulative dose of anthracyclines and eventually develops from reversible to irreversible. In this context, early monitoring methods should be explored for the timely detection of cardiotoxicity and cardioprotective therapy should be performed in patients under consideration for potentially cardiotoxic therapy. This paper reports a 22-year-old male patient with acute myeloid leukemia who underwent whole-course cardiac monitoring after receiving antileukemia therapy. After the early detection of an asymptomatic decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), along with a significant decrease in global longitudinal strain (GLS), the patient was treated with sacubitril/valsartan (Sac/Val). Finally, the patient completed four courses of chemotherapy and subsequent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as planned. The measurements of LVEF and GLS also recovered after 2 months treatment of Sac/Val. Therefore, the early identification and protection of patients with cardiotoxicity are of paramount importance and future prospective studies are expected to develop the management and treatment of cancer treatment-related cardiac dysfunction.
Awake Versus Asleep Craniotomy for Patients With Eloquent Glioma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Awake vs asleep craniotomy for patients with eloquent glioma is debatable. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to compare awake vs asleep craniotomy for the resection of gliomas in the eloquent regions. METHODS: MEDLINE and PubMed were searched from inception to December 13, 2022. Primary outcomes were the extent of resection (EOR), overall survival (month), progression-free survival (month), and rates of neurological deficit, Karnofsky performance score, and seizure freedom at the 3-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were duration of operation (minute) and length of hospital stay (LOS) (day). RESULTS: Fifteen studies yielded 2032 patients, from which 800 (39.4%) and 1232 (60.6%) underwent awake and asleep craniotomy, respectively. The meta-analysis concluded that the awake group had greater EOR (mean difference [MD] = MD = 8.52 [4.28, 12.76], P < .00001), overall survival (MD = 2.86 months [1.35, 4.37], P = .0002), progression-free survival (MD = 5.69 months [0.75, 10.64], P = .02), 3-month postoperative Karnofsky performance score (MD = 13.59 [11.08, 16.09], P < .00001), and 3-month postoperative seizure freedom (odds ratio = 8.72 [3.39, 22.39], P < .00001). Furthermore, the awake group had lower 3-month postoperative neurological deficit (odds ratio = 0.47 [0.28, 0.78], P = .004) and shorter LOS (MD = −2.99 days [−5.09, −0.88], P = .005). In addition, the duration of operation was similar between the groups (MD = 37.88 minutes [−34.09, 109.86], P = .30). CONCLUSION: Awake craniotomy for gliomas in the eloquent regions benefits EOR, survival, postoperative neurofunctional outcomes, and LOS. When feasible, the authors recommend awake craniotomy for surgical resection of gliomas in the eloquent regions.
Argatroban promotes recovery of spinal cord injury by inhibiting the PAR1/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway

Argatroban is a synthetic thrombin inhibitor approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of thrombosis. However, whether it plays a role in the repair of spinal cord injury is unknown. In this study, we established a rat model of T10 moderate spinal cord injury using an NYU Impactor Moder III and performed intraperitoneal injection of argatroban for 3 consecutive days. Our results showed that argatroban effectively promoted neurological function recovery after spinal cord injury and decreased thrombin expression and activity in the local injured spinal cord. RNA sequencing transcriptomic analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes in the argatroban-treated group were enriched in the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, which is involved in astrogliosis and glial scar formation. Western blotting and immunofluorescence results showed that argatroban downregulated the expression of the thrombin receptor PAR1 in the injured spinal cord and the JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway. Argatroban also inhibited the activation and proliferation of astrocytes and reduced glial scar formation in the spinal cord. Taken together, these findings suggest that argatroban may inhibit astrogliosis by inhibiting the thrombin-mediated PAR1/JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway, thereby promoting the recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury.
The efficacy and safety of roxadustat for anemia in patients with dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background This meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy and safety of roxadustat in treating anemia patients with dialysis-dependent (DD) chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods We comprehensively searched 5 databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating roxadustat for anemia in DD-CKD patients. RevMan 5.0 was used to extract and synthesize data for meta-analysis. Results Ten different RCTs (9 studies) and 5698 DD-CKD patients with anemia were included. Our findings revealed that when compared to the erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) group, the roxadustat group showed increased hemoglobin levels [MD (Mean Difference) 0.25 g/dL (95%CI 0.14 g/dL to 0.36 g/dL), p < 0.00001] and improved iron-utilization by increasing serum iron [MD 1.85 µmol/L], total iron binding capacity [MD 35.73 µg/dL], transferrin saturation [MD 1.19%], and transferrin level [MD 0.40 g/L]. In addition, we found that roxadustat significantly decreased the low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [MD −0.39 mmol/L] and total cholesterol [MD −0.6 mmol/L]. In patients with a C-reactive protein level that exceeds the upper limit of the normal range, hemoglobin levels were higher for roxadustat than for ESAs [MD 0.39 g/dL]. Treatment-emergent adverse events, treatment-emergent serious adverse events, and major adverse cardiovascular events were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions The hemoglobin levels of DD-CKD patients were significantly increased and not affected by the inflammatory state after roxadustat treatment. Roxadustat also improved iron utilization, and it was not associated with higher treatment-emergent adverse events, treatment-emergent serious adverse events, and major adverse cardiovascular events when compared to ESAs.
Kernel clustering: Breiman's bias and solutions

Clustering is widely used in data analysis where kernel methods are particularly popular due to their generality and discriminating power. However, kernel clustering has a practically significant bias to small dense clusters, e.g. empirically observed in (Shi & Malik, TPAMI'00). Its causes have never been analyzed and understood theoretically, even though many attempts were made to improve the results. We provide conditions and formally prove this bias in kernel clustering. Moreover, we show a general class of locally adaptive kernels directly addressing these conditions. Previously, (Breiman, ML'96) proved a bias to histogram mode isolation in discrete Gini criterion for decision tree learning. We found that kernel clustering reduces to a continuous generalization of Gini criterion for a common class of kernels where we prove a bias to density mode isolation and call it Breiman's bias. These theoretical findings suggest that a principal solution for the bias should directly address data density inhomogeneity. In particular, our density law shows how density equalization can be done implicitly using certain locally adaptive geodesic kernels. Interestingly, a popular heuristic kernel in (Zelnik-Manor and Perona, NIPS'04) approximates a special case of our Riemannian kernel framework. Our general ideas are relevant to any algorithms for kernel clustering. We show many synthetic and real data experiments illustrating Breiman's bias and its solution. We anticipate that theoretical understanding of kernel clustering limitations and their principled solutions will be important for a broad spectrum of data analysis applications in diverse disciplines.
ECS1 and ECS2 suppress polyspermy and the formation of haploid plants by promoting double fertilization

The current pace of crop plant optimization is insufficient to meet future demands and there is an urgent need for novel breeding strategies. It was previously shown that plants tolerate the generation of triparental polyspermy-derived plants and that polyspermy can bypass hybridization barriers. Polyspermy thus has the potential to harness previously incompatible climate-adapted wild varieties for plant breeding. However, factors that influence polyspermy frequencies were not previously known. The endopeptidases ECS1 and ECS2 have been reported to prevent the attraction of supernumerary pollen tubes by cleaving the pollen tube attractant LURE1. Here, we show that these genes have an earlier function that is manifested by incomplete double fertilization in plants defective for both genes. In addition to supernumerary pollen tube attraction, ecs1 ecs2 mutants exhibit a delay in synergid disintegration, are susceptible to heterofertilization, and segregate haploid plants that lack a paternal genome contribution. Our results thus uncover ECS1 and ECS2 as the first female factors triggering the induction of maternal haploids. Capitalizing on a high-throughput polyspermy assay, we in addition show that the double mutant exhibits an increase in polyspermy frequencies. As both haploid induction and polyspermy are valuable breeding aims, our results open new avenues for accelerated generation of climate-adapted cultivars.
Harmonic motions of a weakly forced autoparametric vibrating system

Based on the method of averaging, in this paper we investigate the continuation of harmonic motions for a weakly forced autoparametric vibrating system which models the dynamics of a forced pendulum positioned on a vertically excited mass. The result shows that when the very weakly force is imposed on the pendulum, a state of dynamic balance (a harmonic motion) is preserving.
Detecting connectedness of network: A Matlab program and application in tumor pathways and a phylogenic network

Two nodes in a network are called to be connected if there is a path between the two nodes. In a connected network, each pair of nodes is connected. In this article, I present full Matlab codes of the vertex-fusion algorithm to detect network connectedness. In the program, the number of connected components and all nodes of each connected component will be displayed. It is expected for using in some studies of network pharmacology.
The Diagnostic Value of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio for Deep Venous Thrombosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are emerging tools that can be used in the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of NLR and PLR for patients with DVT. Our meta-analysis included 11 eligible studies and extracted relevant diagnostic indicators. Of these studies, 4 focused on the NLR, 1 on the PLR, while 6 evaluated both. For the 10 studies on NLR, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive-likelihood ratio, and negative-likelihood ratio were 74%, 66%, 2.16, and 0.4, respectively. The estimated diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 5.3, and the area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves was 0.74. For the 7 studies on the PLR, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive-likelihood ratio, and negative-likelihood ratio were 0.65, 0.77, 2.89, and 0.45, respectively. The estimated DOR was 6.64, and the SROC-AUC was 0.79. Our findings showed that the NLR and PLR exhibit moderate diagnostic accuracy and may be helpful biomarkers for the diagnosis of DVT. Future prospective, well-designed studies with large sample sizes will be required to provide additional evidence to establish cutoff values and clinical value of these indicators.
The Power and Potential of Photography as a Therapeutic Modality for Children with Life-Impacting Illnesses

Objectives: Art is being increasingly appreciated for its healing capacity in pediatric medicine. However, while mediums like music and painting have already been widely integrated into children's health institutions across the nation, photography is an artform that is greatly understudied in its application to medicine. As a non-profit organization with a 17-year history of providing free in-hospital/in-hospice photography sessions to the families of children with life-impacting illnesses, we set out to evaluate the therapeutic capacity of this intervention. Methods: Individuals having received Moment by Moment Photography's services from June 2022 to January 2023 were invited to complete a five-question survey assessing the nature and quality of their photography session and the resulting photographs they received. Results: All but one of the 177 participants found the photographs impactful, and the overwhelming majority (95.5%) of participants rated the value of the photographs as high as possible (5/5 on a Likert scale). Further, a dozen themes, including love, share, connect, and fight, among others, were identified that articulate the diversity of ways that “impact” manifested in families. Conclusion: Together, these results clearly support the benefit of photography as a legacy making and therapeutic medium.
Using the GB2 Income Distribution

To use the generalized beta distribution of the second kind (GB2) for the analysis of income and other positively skewed distributions, knowledge of estimation methods and the ability to compute quantities of interest from the estimated parameters are required. We review estimation methodology that has appeared in the literature, and summarize expressions for inequality, poverty, and pro-poor growth that can be used to compute these measures from GB2 parameter estimates. An application to data from China and Indonesia is provided.
Shoulder magnetic resonance arthrography in dogs: Comparison of craniolateral and caudolateral approach for ultrasound‐guided contrast injection

Shoulder joint disease is a common cause of forelimb lameness in dogs. To diagnose this condition, shoulder magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) is performed, which involves the injection of contrast agents into the shoulder joint space under ultrasound (US)‐guidance. The objective of this study was to compare the craniolateral and caudolateral approaches for shoulder MRA using US‐guided injection techniques, and investigate their clinical feasibility in dogs. Forty shoulder joints from 10 adult beagles were studied in two repetitions. The craniolateral (n = 20) and caudolateral (n = 20) injection techniques were applied randomly under US‐guidance. The shoulder MRA was conducted immediately after the contrast agents was injected. The procedure time (scan and injection time), number of attempts, joint distension and degree of extraarticular extravasation were recorded and compared between the two groups. The results showed that the caudolateral approach had significantly more contrast agents extravasation compared to the craniolateral approach (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of procedure time (scan time p = 0.80, injection time p = 0.74), number of attempts (p = 0.70) and joint distension (p = 0.23). The craniolateral approach of US‐guided contrast injection techniques for shoulder MRA minimizes damage to the juxta‐articular structures and reduces extraarticular extravasation, resulting in good‐quality images. This study demonstrates the feasibility and advantages of the craniolateral approach under US‐guidance for shoulder MRA in dogs.