Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ClubADSL: When your neighbors are your friends

ADSL is becoming the standard form of residential and small-business broadband Internet access due to, primarily, its low deployment cost. These ADSL residential lines are often deployed with 802.11 Access Points (AP) that provide wireless connectivity. Given the density of ADSL deployment, it is often possible for a residential wireless client to be in range of several other APs, belonging to neighbors, with ADSL connectivity. While the ADSL technology has showed evident limits in terms of capacity (with speeds ranging 1-10 Mbps), the short-range wireless communication can guarantee a much higher capacity (up to 20 Mbps). Furthermore, the ADSL links in the neighborhood are generally under-utilized, since ADSL subscribers do not connect 100% of the time. Therefore, it is possible for a wireless client to simultaneously connect to several APs in range and effectively aggregate their available ADSL bandwidth.In this paper, we introduce ClubADSL, a wireless client that can simultaneously connect to several APs in range on different frequencies and aggregate both their downlink and uplink capacity. ClubADSL is a software that runs locally on the client-side, and it requires neither modification to the existing Internet infrastructure, nor any hardware/protocol upgrades to the 802.11 local area network. We show the feasibility of ClubADSL in seamlessly transmitting TCP traffic, and validate its implementation both in controlled scenarios and with current applications over real ADSL lines. In particular we show that a ClubADSL client can greatly benefit from the aggregated download bandwidth in the case of server-client applications such as video streaming, but can also take advantage of the increased upload bandwidth greatly reducing download times with incentive-based P2P applications such as BitTorrent.
A Road Marking Extraction Method Using GPGPU

In driving assistance system (DAS), road marking's data can provide important assistance for driving safety. As the input image usually includes unnecessary information, lane detection system usually needs to remove most unnecessary data except for the lane markings. In this paper, a road marking extraction method is proposed to separate the painted lane lines using a special designed band-pass filter. Then we tried the acceleration method based on the integral image as well as the GPGPU. Road markings can be segmented automatically and adaptively in every frame. The proposed method is applied to various video images from black box, and is verified to be robust.
Correlation between Phylogroups and Intracellular Proteomes of Propionibacterium acnes and Differences in the Protein Expression Profiles between Anaerobically and Aerobically Grown Cells

Propionibacterium acnes is one of the dominant commensals on the human skin and also an opportunistic pathogen in relation to acne, sarcoidosis, prostate cancer, and various infections. Recent investigations using housekeeping and virulence genes have revealed that the species consists of three major evolutionary clades (types I, II, and III). In order to investigate protein expression differences between these phylogroups, proteomic profiles of 21 strains of P. acnes were investigated. The proteins extracted from cells cultured under anaerobic and aerobic conditions were analysed using a SELDI-TOF mass spectrometer, high-resolution capillary gel electrophoresis, and LC-MS/ MS. The SELDI spectral profiles were visualised as a heat map and a dendrogram, which resulted in four proteomic groups. Strains belonging to type I were represented in the proteome Group A, while Group B contained type III strains. Groups C and D contained mixtures of types I and II. Each of these groups was not influenced by differences in culture conditions. Under anoxic growth conditions, a type IB strain yielded high expressions of some proteins, such as methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase and the Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen (CAMP) factor. The present study revealed good congruence between genomic and proteomic data suggesting that the microenvironment of each subtype may influence protein expression.
The Detection of Shiga Toxins in the Kidney of a Patient with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

Infection of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli induces hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in 10 to 15% of cases in infants and young children. Although the endothelial cell damage induced by Stx is widely believed to be a primary event of renal dysfunction in HUS, the precise mechanism remains to be elucidated. We were able to examine the kidney obtained at autopsy of a child who died after HUS associated with Stx-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection, and immunohistochemistry indicated the deposition of Stx1 and Stx2 in a portion of the distal tubular epithelia. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show the presence of Stx in human tissue of a patient with HUS, and the results obtained in this study provide evidence that Stx indeed migrates into the kidney and binds to renal tubules during Stx-producing Escherichia coli infection.
Experimental Evidence That Sexual Conflict Influences the Opportunity, Form and Intensity of Sexual Selection

Abstract Sexual interactions are often rife with conflict. Conflict between members of the same sex over opportunities to mate has long been understood to effect evolution via sexual selection. Although conflict between males and females is now understood to be widespread, such conflict is seldom considered in the same light as a general agent of sexual selection. Any interaction between males or females that generates variation in fitness, whether due to conflict, competition or mate choice, can potentially influence sexual selection acting on a range of male traits. Here we seek to address a lack of direct experimental evidence for how sexual conflict influences sexual selection more broadly. We manipulate a major source of sexual conflict in the black field cricket, Teleogryllus commodus, and quantify the resulting changes in the nature of sexual selection using formal selection analysis to statistically compare multivariate fitness surfaces. In T. commodus, sexual conflict occurs over the attachment time of an external spermatophore. By experimentally manipulating the ability of males and females to influence spermatophore attachment, we found that sexual conflict significantly influences the opportunity, form, and intensity of sexual selection on male courtship call and body size. When males were able to harass females, the opportunity for selection was smaller, the form of selection changed, and sexual selection was weaker. We discuss the broader evolutionary implications of these findings, including the contributions of sexual conflict to fluctuating sexual selection and the maintenance of additive genetic variation.
The microRNA pathway regulates the temporal pattern of Notch signaling in Drosophila follicle cells

Multicellular development requires the correct spatial and temporal regulation of cell division and differentiation. These processes are frequently coordinated by the activities of various signaling pathways such as Notch signaling. From a screen for modifiers of Notch signaling in Drosophila we have identified the RNA helicase Belle, a recently described component of the RNA interference pathway, as an important regulator of the timing of Notch activity in follicle cells. We found that loss of Belle delays activation of Notch signaling, which results in delayed follicle cell differentiation and defects in the cell cycle. Because mutations in well-characterized microRNA components phenocopied the Notch defects observed in belle mutants, Belle might be functioning in the microRNA pathway in follicle cells. The effect of loss of microRNAs on Notch signaling occurs upstream of Notch cleavage, as expression of the constitutively active intracellular domain of Notch in microRNA-defective cells restored proper activation of Notch. Furthermore, we present evidence that the Notch ligand Delta is an important target of microRNA regulation in follicle cells and regulates the timing of Notch activation through cis inhibition of Notch. Here we have uncovered a complex regulatory process in which the microRNA pathway promotes Notch activation by repressing Delta-mediated inhibition of Notch in follicle cells.
The circulation of liquid in the mixing vessel equipped with different dual impellers

S t r e s z c z e n i e W artykule analizowano przepływy strumieni cieczy cyrkulacji promieniowo-osiowej w zbiorniku z dwoma mieszadłami na wale, z których dolne wytwarza promieniowo-osiowy strumień cieczy, górnym zaś jest mieszadło turbinowe tarczowe, z pionowymi łopatkami, wyrzucającymi ciecz promieniowo. W oparciu o pomiary chwilowej prędkości cieczy wyznaczono wydatek jej przepływu cyrkulacyjnego, uzupełniony o przepływy między obszarami cyrkulacyjnymi. Korzystając z modelu CMA opisano cykl przenoszenia cieczy. Słowa kluczowe: mieszanie, curkulacja cieczy DOI:  MSc. Eng. Andrzej Duda, Firma Doradczo-Inżynieryjna EDA, Wieliczka, Prof. PhD. DSc. Eng. Jerzy Kamieński, Institute of Thermal and Process Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Cracow University of Technology.
Functional abnormalities in transgenic mice expressing a mutant rhodopsin gene.

PURPOSE To evaluate the consequences of the expression of a mutant mouse opsin gene on rod- and cone-mediated function. Experimental conditions were chosen to provide a basis of comparison to the results reported for patients with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP) in whom the proline at position 23 has been replaced by a histidine (P23H). METHODS The mutated gene product resulted in three substitutions in the rhodopsin molecule: P23H, glycine for valine at position 20 (V20G), and leucine for proline at position 27 (P27L). Mice positive for the transgene were differentiated from normal littermates by the polymerase chain reaction. Electroretinograms (ERGs) were obtained from anesthetized mice between 1 and 9 months of age. After photically bleaching approximately 18% of the available rhodopsin, the time course of rod dark adaptation was examined by monitoring rod ERG amplitude recovery. Rhodopsin densitometry was used to determine the relative amounts of rhodopsin in the retinae of normal and transgenic mice. RESULTS ERGs obtained from transgenic mice showed a significant reduction in rod-mediated response amplitude at 1 month of age and a relatively slow progressive decrease thereafter. Cone-mediated ERGs, on the other hand, were nearly normal in amplitude for approximately the first 5 months after birth, but at later ages response amplitudes also underwent a progressive decline. In the normal retina, rod ERG amplitudes returned to prebleach levels within 30 minutes, whereas in transgenic mice response amplitudes did not recover within a 2-hour test period. The age-related decline in rod-mediated electroretinal potentials seen in transgenic mice was paralleled by a concomitant fall in rhodopsin density, and the sensitivity losses obtained electroretinographically could be accounted for solely on the basis of reduced quantal absorption. CONCLUSIONS The pattern of functional changes seen in the transgenic mice are in good agreement with those reported in patients with ADRP with the P23H mutation in the rhodopsin gene. Particularly noteworthy is the fact that the changes in rhodopsin density and visual sensitivity are associated with a progressive shortening of the rod outer segments; the histologic changes induced by the disease process in patients with ADRP have yet to be determined.
Dynamic Web content filtering based on user's knowledge

This paper focuses on the development of a maintainable information filtering system. The simple and efficient solution to this problem is to block the Web sites by URL, including IP address. However, it is not efficient for unknown Web sites and it is difficult to obtain complete block list. Content based filtering is suggested to overcome this problem as an additional strategy of URL filtering. The manual rule based method is widely applied in current content filtering systems, but they overlook the knowledge acquisition bottleneck problems. To solve this problem, we employed the multiple classification ripple-down rules (MCRDR) knowledge acquisition method, which allows the domain expert to maintain the knowledge base without the help of knowledge engineers. Throughout this study, we prove the MCRDR based information filtering system can easily prevent unknown Web information from being delivered and easily maintain the knowledge base for the filtering system.
Inference of the Distribution of Selection Coefficients for New Nonsynonymous Mutations Using Large Samples

The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) has considerable importance in population genetics. To date, estimates of the DFE come from studies using a small number of individuals. Thus, estimates of the proportion of moderately to strongly deleterious new mutations may be unreliable because such variants are unlikely to be segregating in the data. Additionally, the true functional form of the DFE is unknown, and estimates of the DFE differ significantly between studies. Here we present a flexible and computationally tractable method, called Fit∂a∂i, to estimate the DFE of new mutations using the site frequency spectrum from a large number of individuals. We apply our approach to the frequency spectrum of 1300 Europeans from the Exome Sequencing Project ESP6400 data set, 1298 Danes from the LuCamp data set, and 432 Europeans from the 1000 Genomes Project to estimate the DFE of deleterious nonsynonymous mutations. We infer significantly fewer (0.38–0.84 fold) strongly deleterious mutations with selection coefficient |s| > 0.01 and more (1.24–1.43 fold) weakly deleterious mutations with selection coefficient |s| < 0.001 compared to previous estimates. Furthermore, a DFE that is a mixture distribution of a point mass at neutrality plus a gamma distribution fits better than a gamma distribution in two of the three data sets. Our results suggest that nearly neutral forces play a larger role in human evolution than previously thought.
Bevacizumab (BEV) plus chemotherapy (CT) continued beyond first progression in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) previously treated with BEV plus CT: Results of a randomized phase III intergroup study (TML study).

CRA3503 Background: BEV in combination with fluoropyrimidine-based CT is standard treatment for mCRC in the first-line (1L) and BEV-naïve second-line (2L) settings. This is the first randomized study evaluating the benefit of continuing BEV in combination with standard CT as 2L treatment for patients with mCRC who progressed after receiving a standard BEV-containing regimen in the 1L setting. METHODS Patients with unresectable, histologically confirmed mCRC who progressed within 3 months after discontinuation of 1L BEV + CT were randomised to 2L fluoropyrimidine-based CT ± BEV (2.5 mg/kg/wk equivalent). Choice of oxaliplatin- or irinotecan-based 2L CT was dependent on the regimen used in 1L (crossover) and included as a stratification variable. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS); secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), response rate and safety. RESULTS 820 patients were randomized from February 2006 to June 2010 (409 to BEV + CT and 411 to CT alone). Baseline patient and disease characteristics were well balanced between arms. The study met its primary endpoint; median OS was 11.2 months for BEV + CT and 9.8 months for CT (HR=0.81; 95% CI 0.69-0.94; unstratified log-rank test, p=0.0062). Median PFS was 5.7 months for BEV + CT and 4.1 months for CT (HR=0.68; 95% CI 0.59-0.78; unstratified log-rank test, p<0.0001). The response rate was 5.4% for BEV + CT and 3.9% for CT (unstratified Chi-Square Test, p=0.3113). The adverse event profile was consistent with previously reported data for BEV + CT. Compared with historical data from BEV treatment in 1L or 2L mCRC, BEV-related adverse events were not increased when continuing BEV beyond progression. CONCLUSIONS This is the first randomized study to prospectively investigate the impact of continuing BEV treatment in 2L mCRC for patients who progressed after receiving a BEV-containing regimen in 1L. Our findings demonstrate that BEV + CT (crossed over from 1L regimen) continued beyond progression significantly prolongs OS and PFS in 2L mCRC. Additional analysis (including biomarker evaluation) is ongoing.
Real-time Light Fall-off Stereo

We present a real-time depth recovery system using Light Fall-off Stereo (LFS). Our system contains two co-axial point light sources (LEDs) synchronized with a video camera. The video camera captures the scene under these two LEDs in complementary states(e.g., one on, one off). Based on the inverse square law for light intensity, the depth can be directly solved using the pixel ratio from two consecutive frames. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with a number of real world scenes. Quantitative evaluation shows that our system compares favorably to other commercial real-time 3D range sensors, particularly in textured areas. We believe our system offers a low-cost high-resolution alternative for depth sensing under controlled lighting.
Some Iterative Methods for Solving Nonconvex Bifunction Equilibrium Variational Inequalities

We introduce and consider a new class of equilibrium problems and variational inequalities involving bifunction, which is called the nonconvex bifunction equilibrium variational inequality. We suggest and analyze some iterative methods for solving the nonconvex bifunction equilibrium variational inequalities using the auxiliary principle technique. We prove that the convergence of implicit method requires only monotonicity. Some special cases are also considered. Our proof of convergence is very simple. Results proved in this paper may stimulate further research in this dynamic field.
Teaching images in Neuroanatomy: Value of the Klinger method

This paper presents a series of dissections created using the Klinger method. This method allows the dissection of white matter tracts in the central nervous system showing fiber orientation, three-dimensional relationships between grey and white matter components, and connections between distant neural centers. In addition, the use of the Klinger method increases the didactic value of conventional dissection techniques and allows students to visualize structural and functional relationships in an easy way.
Modelling Soft Tissue Deformations using Principal Component Analysis and Haptic Devices

This paper describes a new technique to incorporate accurate mechanical deformations of soft tissue into interactive training simulators designed to teach medical procedures. The technique is based on pre-computing a representative set of deformations accurately, then encoding these using principal component analysis such that they can be reconstructed quickly using a small number of shape parameters. Learning algorithms provide the link between haptic devices and the shape parameters. The investigation has been carried out with simulated data representing deformations to an elastic sphere, and it has been shown that real time performance with realistic deformations can be achieved.
A Simple Inverter for Arc-Welding Machines With Current Doubler Rectifier

This letter proposes a novel inverter scheme for arc-welding machines. The output rectifier replaced by a current double rectifier can reduce output ripple current effectively. Therefore, the lower inductance of the inductors can be used to prevent larger voltage spikes that occur during commutation. In comparison with that in the conventional scheme, each inductor's current in the proposed scheme is half of the output current. Hence, the proposed scheme has lower conduction losses. The turn number of the transformer winding in the proposed scheme is also lower than that in the conventional one. Finally, the 100-A ac arc-welding machine is implemented using the proposed method.
Modeling Monetary Policy

We develop a macroeconomic framework where money is supplied against only few eligible securities in open market operations. The relationship between the policy rate, expected inflation and consumption growth is affected by money market conditions, i.e. the varying liquidity value of eligible assets and the associated risk. This induces a liquidity premium, which explains the observed systematic wedge between the policy rate and consumption Euler interest rate that standard models equate. It further implies a dampened response of consumption to policy rate shocks that is humpshaped when we account for realistic central bank transfers and the dynamics of bond holdings.
The red one!: On learning to refer to things based on discriminative properties

As a first step towards agents learning to communicate about their visual environment, we propose a system that, given visual representations of a referent (cat) and a context (sofa), identifies their discriminative attributes, i.e., properties that distinguish them (has_tail). Moreover, despite the lack of direct supervision at the attribute level, the model learns to assign plausible attributes to objects (sofa-has_cushion). Finally, we present a preliminary experiment confirming the referential success of the predicted discriminative attributes.
Development of the sinis turnstile for the quantum metrological triangle

We develop a quantum current standard based on the hybrid superconductor-insulator-normal-metal-insulator-superconductor (SINIS) structure in turnstile operation. We discuss the properties of the device and the relevant error sources. We also present a preliminary plan how to implement the device in a direct quantum metrological triangle experiment.
The segmentation of the body of the tongue based on the improved snake algorithm in traditional Chinese medicine

The segmentation of the body of tongue is a premise to establishing a system of automatic diagnosis by the features of the tongue in traditional Chinese medicine, whose qualities affect the performance of tongue diagnosis. In order to overcome two key difficulties with the initialization and boundary concavities, a new active contour model is introduced as a segmentation method. We present an automatic initialization of snake by the feature of tongue in the HSV space. Multi-resolution wavelet (Gabor) decomposition is applied in an active contour model generating the edge energy of the image. Experiments on real tongue images show the good performance of this method.