Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chromosomal integration of hyaluronic acid synthesis (has) genes enhances the molecular weight of hyaluronan produced in Lactococcus lactis

Microbial production of hyaluronic acid (HA) is an attractive substitute for extraction of this biopolymer from animal tissues. Natural producers such as Streptococcus zooepidemicus are potential pathogens; therefore, production of HA by recombinant bacteria that are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) organisms is a viable alternative that is being extensively explored. However, plasmid‐based expression systems for HA production by recombinant bacteria have the inherent disadvantage of reduced productivity because of plasmid instability. To overcome this problem, the HA synthesis genes (hasA‐hasB and hasA‐hasB‐hasC) from has‐operon of S. zooepidemicus were integrated into the chromosome of Lactococcus lactis by site‐directed, double‐homologous recombination developing strains VRJ2AB and VRJ3ABC. The chromosomal integration stabilized the genes and obviated the instability observed in plasmid‐expressed recombinant strains. The genome‐integrated strains produced higher molecular weight (3.5–4 million Dalton [MDa]) HA compared to the plasmid‐expressed strains (2 MDa). High molecular weight HA was produced when the intracellular concentration of uridine diphosphate N‐acetylglucosamine (UDP‐GlcNAc) and uridine diphosphate‐glucuronic acid (UDP‐GlcUA) was almost equal and hasA to hasB ratio was low. This work suggests an optimal approach to obtain high molecular weight HA in recombinant strains.
Therapeutic Alliance as a Predictor of Outcome in Treatment of Cocaine Dependence

Cocaine dependent outpatients (N = 252) were randomly assigned to one of three individual treatments (cognitive, dynamic therapy, or drug counseling) as part of the training phase of the National Institute of Drug Abuse Cocaine Collaborative Treatment Study. Patients and therapists completed the Helping Alliance (HAq-II) and the California Alliance Scale (CALPAS), which documented generally high alliance. Although patient reports of the alliance did not predict outcome on drug related measures at the sixth month assessment, it did at the one month assessment. Alliance, however, predicted improvement in depressive symptoms at six months. Overall, therapist ratings of the alliance were less often predictive of outcome than patient ratings. Results were similar across the completer and the intent-to-treat samples. The CALPAS, but not the HAq-II, predicted attrition. There was preliminary evidence that higher alliance predicted more change in depressive symptoms in patients who remained for a longer time in t.
Traditional Chinese Parsing Evaluation at SIGHAN Bake-offs 2012

This paper presents the overview of traditional Chinese parsing task at SIGHAN Bake-offs 2012. On behalf of task organizers, we describe all aspects of the task for traditional Chinese parsing, i.e., task description, data preparation, performance metrics, and evaluation results. We summarize the performance results of all participant teams in this evaluation, in the hope to encourage more future studies on traditional Chinese parsing
A LED–LED-based photoplethysmography sensor

A high sensitivity, low power and low cost sensor has been developed for photoplethysmography (PPG) measurement. It uses standard light emitting diodes (LEDs) as both light emitter and detector, pulse-based signal conversion techniques instead of the classical analogue-to-digital convertors (ADCs) and a general purpose microcontroller for the implementation of measurement protocol. The main advantages of the proposed approach are that it leads to better spectral sensitivity, increased and adjustable resolution, reduction in cost, dimensions and power consumption, and it avoids the need for expensive and precise operation amplifiers, ADCs and other external components. The basic sensing configuration presented uses only two I/O pins and two LEDs and is capable of detecting the PPG signal from a finger or toe. It is then very simple to extract the vital signs such as heart rate and heart rate variability from such a signal. The basic configuration can easily be expanded to include a pulse oximeter for the determination of oxygen saturation (SpO2) by the addition of only two more LEDs. The proposed technique is also suitable for a wide range of other photometric applications.
Sun's Link Service: a protocol for open linking

Sun's Link Service, a product shipped with Sun's programming in the large software development environment, the Network Software Environment, allows users to make and maintain explicit and persistent bidirectional relationships between autonomous front end applications. The Link Service defines a protocol for an extensible and loosely coupled, or open, hypertext system. An interesting instance of this is the ability to link to objects in closed hypertext systems if they integrate with the Link Service. The Link Service addresses link maintenance and automated versioning. Link endpoints, or nodes, are defined by the integrating applications, and are not restricted to points, whole documents, or cards.
Initial Evidence for Representational Guidance of Learning Discourse.

Little work to date has addressed the effects that problem/solution representations have on collaborative learning processes. This paper outlines empirical and theoretical reasons why the expressive constraints imposed by a representation and the information that a representation makes salient may have important effects on students’ discourse during collaborative learning. It then reports initial results from a pilot study. Students worked together in pairs on hypertext-based “science challenge” problems. Pairs used either free text, matrix or graph representations of evidence, with two groups assigned to each kind of representation for a total of six groups. Analysis of discourse transcripts suggests that these representations have quite different effects on the extent to which students discuss evidential relations.
VHL Frameshift Mutation as Target of Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay in Drosophila melanogaster and Human HEK293 Cell Line

There are many well-studied examples of human phenotypes resulting from nonsense or frameshift mutations that are modulated by Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay (NMD), a process that typically degrades transcripts containing premature termination codons (PTCs) in order to prevent translation of unnecessary or aberrant transcripts. Different types of germline mutations in the VHL gene cause the von Hippel-Lindau disease, a dominantly inherited familial cancer syndrome with a marked phenotypic variability and age-dependent penetrance. By generating the Drosophila UAS:Upf1D45B line we showed the possible involvement of NMD mechanism in the modulation of the c.172delG frameshift mutation located in the exon 1 of Vhl gene. Further, by Quantitative Real-time PCR (QPCR) we demonstrated that the corresponding c.163delG human mutation is targeted by NMD in human HEK 293 cells. The UAS:Upf1D45B line represents a useful system to identify novel substrates of NMD pathway in Drosophila melanogaster. Finally, we suggest the possible role of NMD on the regulation of VHL mutations.
L'alexithymie dans ses rapports avec un mode de fonctionnement autistique

L’alexithymie est un neologisme cree par Sifneos en 1972 pour definir l’incapacite a exprimer ses emotions par des mots (a-privatif, lexi : mots ; thymie : emotions, humeur). De nombreuses etudes semblent attester d’un lien entre l’alexithymie et les troubles de l’empathie. En effet, des etudes cliniques ont retrouve chez certains sujets alexithymiques une limitation dans la reconnaissance des expressions faciales, une pauvrete de la mimique faciale lorsque ces sujets sont soumis a un etat de stress experimental, une difficulte a percevoir les emotions d’autrui avec un faible niveau de conscience emotionnel. De meme, l’alexithymie a ete retrouvee dans les syndromes d’Asperger, associee aux troubles de l’empathie. La difficulte a percevoir ses propres emotions devrait pour le moins etre referee a cette autre difficulte caracterisee par l’incapacite a percevoir les emotions d’autrui et plus generalement a se constituer une theorie des etats mentaux d’autrui. L’idee d’une parente ontogenique entre le mode de fonctionnement alexithymique et un mode de fonctionnement appartenant a un registre autistique du Moi merite d’etre soulevee. Dans une perspective metapsychologique, l’auteur developpe l’idee que l’alexithymie primaire et secondaire s’integreraient dans un continuum developpemental du normal au pathologique se referant a un dysfonctionnement precoce durant la phase d’autosensualite sur le modele topique de la fixation-regression. L’alexithymie primaire pourrait renvoyer a des troubles de l’empathie tandis que l’alexithymie secondaire renverrait a une strategie defensive visant a se proteger d’affects traumatiques. Du fait de fixations ou microfixations durant la phase d’autosensualite, des manœuvres de protection autistique auraient fait le lit assez precocement d’un fonctionnement alexithymique avec une certaine distorsion dans la capacite a reconnaitre ses sentiments et ceux d’autrui. L’alexithymie pourrait etre liee a un usage important et precoce de l’identification par demantelement generant un recours excessif au processus d’hallucination negative (endo- et extrapsychique) de secteurs de la vie emotionnelle qui ont ete soit forclos (alexithymie primaire) soit traumatiques et peu elabores (alexithymie secondaire). Ce mode de fonctionnement serait present chez tout individu de maniere residuelle et appartiendrait a un registre autistique du Moi. Mais c’est le recours exclusif a un fonctionnement alexithymique qui marquerait son caractere pathologique avec, en cas de debordements emotionnels non contenables en dernier recours par ces manœuvres de protection autistique, un risque de decompensation psychosomatique.
Special issue on Management Issues in the Future Internet

It is widely agreed that the current Internet suffers from a number of fundamental architectural problems, including security, mobility, reliability, scalability, and manageability among others. In addition, business related problems, such as how network and service operators can be profitable, are also present. Recently, researchers in the networking area have been investigating ways to solve these problems, and are designing a new Internet called the Future Internet. Since network management was an afterthought in the current Internet, managing the Internet is currently very cumbersome and difficult. Thus, the manageability of the Future Internet must be considered from the very beginning in order to avoid a similar experience. This special issue on “Management Issues in the Future Internet” reports a selected state-of-the-art research on the Future Internet and its management issues.
Tumor necrosis factor-α promotes the expression of excitatory amino-acid transporter 2 in astrocytes: Optimal concentration and incubation time

The aim of the present study was to determine whether tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α regulates the expression levels of excitatory amino-acid transporters (EAATs) in primary astrocytes and its roles in brain ischemia. Exogenous TNF-α was administered to pure cultured astrocytes and the expression levels of EAAT1, EAAT2 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were evaluated. The results showed that TNF-α at 10 ng/ml enhanced the expression of EAAT2 in a time-dependent manner, while the expression levels of EAAT1 and GFAP did not change. To determine whether the elevation in the levels of the EAAT2 protein induced by TNF-α had a beneficial effect on ischemic insult, TNF-α was applied to in vitro models of cerebral ischemia; the treatment was observed to increase neuronal viability. The present results suggest that a relatively short-term application of an optimal concentration of TNF-α may protect neurons against ischemic injury by elevating the expression of EAAT2 in astrocytes.
Significance Tests Die Hard

We present a critique showing the flawed logical structure of statistical significance tests. We then attempt to analyze why, in spite of this faulty reasoning, the use of significance tests persists. We identify the illusion of probabilistic proof by contradiction as a central stumbling block, because it is based on a misleading generalization of reasoning from logic to inference under uncertainty. We present new data from a student sample and examples from the psychological literature showing the strength and prevalence of this illusion. We identify some intrinsic cognitive mechanisms (similarity to modus tollens reasoning; verbal ambiguity in describing the meaning of significance tests; and the need to rule out chance findings) and extrinsic social pressures which help to maintain the illusion. We conclude by mentioning some alternative methods for presenting and analyzing psychological data, none of which can be considered the ultimate method.
Personal Activity Trackers and the Quantified Self

ABSTRACT Personal activity trackers are an inexpensive and easy way for people to record their physical activity and simple biometric data. As these devices have increased in availability and sophistication, their use in daily life and in medicine has grown. This column will briefly explore what these devices are, what types of data they can track, and how that data can be used. It will also discuss potential problems with trackers and how librarians can help patients and physicians manage and protect activity data. A brief list of currently available activity trackers is also included.
Neutrality in the sentiment analysis problem based on fuzzy majority

In the Sentiment Analysis area, several Sentiment Analysis Methods are able to extract different polarities (positivity, neutrality and negativity) from written text, although neutrality is not usually considered because it is perceived as an insightfulness polarity. As it is known, the vote of majority has a high impact in decision making. We propose the use of Induced Ordered Weighted Averaging operators based on fuzzy majority for aggregating polarities from several Sentiment Analysis Methods. The main contribution of this work is to set neutrality on opinions guided by fuzzy majority. We aim to improve classification results by removing those neutral reviews labelled by a consensus of a collection.
Selection of patients who attempted suicide for psychiatric consultation

A total of 1018 self‐poisoned patients were treated during one year (1983) at the emergency room of Helsinki University Central Hospital for 1207 suicide attempts: 46% were left without psychiatric consultation. Women were consulted more frequently than men. Patients with previous psychiatric treatment were referred more often for psychiatric consultation. The use of alcohol was more frequently present in suicide attempts that did not lead to psychiatric consultation. Somatic seriousness was also less severe in this group. It was assumed that those left without consultation were not in mortal danger. There were no differences in the suicide mortality of these 2 groups during a 5‐year follow‐up.
The determinants of employee absenteeism: An empirical test of a causal model*

LISREL estimates of the parameters of a causal model of absenteeism are reported for a sample of 425 full-time employees of a 327-bed medical centre. The model modifies and extends the conceptual framework of Steers & Rhodes (1978) and includes routinization, centralization, pay, distributive justice, work involvement, role ambiguity, conflict and overload, kinship responsibility, organizational permissiveness, job satisfaction, job involvement, organizational commitment, health status and alcohol involvement as the determinants of absenteeism. Based on self-report measures of absence frequency, significant positive direct effects of kinship responsibility, organizational permissiveness, role ambiguity and alcohol involvement, and negative direct effects of centralization, pay and job satisfaction yielded an R2 for absenteeism of 21.6. Job satisfaction completely mediated the effects of routinization and work involvement, and partially mediated the effects of centralization and role ambiguity.
Discovery of Protein–lncRNA Interactions by Integrating Large-Scale CLIP-Seq and RNA-Seq Datasets

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important regulatory molecules in developmental, physiological, and pathological processes. However, the precise mechanism and functions of most of lncRNAs remain largely unknown. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing of immunoprecipitated RNAs after cross-linking (CLIP-Seq) provide powerful ways to identify biologically relevant protein–lncRNA interactions. In this study, by analyzing millions of RNA-binding protein (RBP) binding sites from 117 CLIP-Seq datasets generated by 50 independent studies, we identified 22,735 RBP–lncRNA regulatory relationships. We found that one single lncRNA will generally be bound and regulated by one or multiple RBPs, the combination of which may coordinately regulate gene expression. We also revealed the expression correlation of these interaction networks by mining expression profiles of over 6000 normal and tumor samples from 14 cancer types. Our combined analysis of CLIP-Seq data and genome-wide association studies data discovered hundreds of disease-related single nucleotide polymorphisms resided in the RBP binding sites of lncRNAs. Finally, we developed interactive web implementations to provide visualization, analysis, and downloading of the aforementioned large-scale datasets. Our study represented an important step in identification and analysis of RBP–lncRNA interactions and showed that these interactions may play crucial roles in cancer and genetic diseases.
Axotomy results in delayed death and apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in adult rats

Using quantitative anatomical techniques, we show that after intraorbital optic nerve transection in adult rats, virtually all retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) survive for 5 d and then die abruptly in large numbers, reducing the RGC population to approximately 50% of normal by day 7 and to less than 10% on day 14. During this period of rapid cell loss, some RGCs show cytochemical alterations indicative of apoptosis (“programmed cell death”), a change not previously categorized after axotomy in adult mammals. With intracranial lesions 8– 9 mm from the eye, the onset of cell death is delayed until day 8 and is greater with cut than crush. The demonstration that axotomy results in apoptosis, the long interval between axonal injury and RGC death, and the different time of onset of the massive RGC loss with optic nerve lesions near or far from the eye suggest that axonal interruption triggers a cascade of molecular events whose outcome may be critically dependent on the availability of neuronal trophic support from endogenous or exogenous sources. The role of such molecules in RGC survival and the reversible nature of these injury-induced changes is underscored by the temporary rescue of most RGCs by a single intravitreal injection of brain-derived neurotrophic factor during the first 5 d after intraorbital optic nerve injury (Mansour-Robaey et al., 1994). The delayed pattern of RGC loss observed in the present experiments likely explains such a critical period for effective neurotrophin administration.
A SLAM method based on memory database of the features

A method for simultaneous localization and map based on scan matching is presented according to memory database of the features. the steady geometric features are extracted as the natural landmarks according to advanced least square fitting, and the memory database of the features is created and updated for scan matching better. Therefore, it is also valid to dynamic environment. Meanwhile, the belief is imported to reduce the result errors caused by the uncertainty of the sensors. the experiments on mobile robot proved the validity and accuracy.
The limitations of current malaria treatments in sub-Saharan Africa

Current malaria treatments are ineffective in sub-Saharan Africa due to problems beyond the disease. Approximately 90% of malaria mortalities occur in sub-Saharan Africa, and 77% percent of these are children under the age of five. At the same time, sub-Saharan Africa is also the recipient of 80% of international aid. With international malaria funding increasing in recent years, there must be an analysis on the practicability of funded interventions as malaria continues to be a tremendous burden in the region. This review highlights the complexity of malaria pathology and its association with poverty that makes treatments ineffective. Available, frontline antimalarial drugs and insecticides have shown increased resistance that has spread throughout many malaria endemic regions. This resistance aggravates the disease as the parasite and the vector evolve, resulting in increased transmission, increased severity of symptoms, and a high risk of mortality. In addition, the heavily funded malaria vaccine under development by GlaxoSmithKline and PATH shows partial efficacy that languishes over time, putting to question the practicability of such heavily funded interventions. The vi limitations of available treatments necessitates a holistic approach that responds to the economic state of endemic regions in order to effectively alleviate the burden of disease. An example of a holistic approach is the Multisectoral Action Framework for Malaria. This approach considers the socioeconomic development and fragile markets of endemic nations to encourage partnerships between governments and healthcare sectors in eradicating malaria. Although it will take years to demonstrate results, the burden of malaria calls for sustained efforts to alleviate the burden of the disease along with the poverty that perpetuates it.
Timing of International Market Entry of UK and German High-Tech Start-Ups

We examine the impact of technological product advantages, prior international experience of the management, firm size and age, country differences, and sunk costs as determinants of the timing of international market entry. The timing of internationalisation is analysed using 'event history analysis' for 600 British and German start-up companies in high-technology industries. The results indicate that the incidence of internationalization increases over time. For the majority of new firms the question is not whether the firm will internationalize but when. The analyses indicated that a high commitment to R&D fosters rapid internationalization. The involvement of founder managers who are internationally experienced increases the speed of foreign market activity. Working against rapid internationalization was a high level of product customization. The findings suggest that timing of internationalization is a dynamic process which is influenced by initial human capital endowment, technological advantages, and learning from of day to day activities.