Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary canola seed and soy lecithin in high-forage diets on cholesterol content and fatty acid composition of carcass tissues of growing ram lambs.

Phospholipids (soy lecithin) are important in the emulsification of lipids and may escape the rumen and influence the absorption of fatty acids in the small intestine. Our objectives were to determine the influence of dietary canola seed (high in unsaturated fatty acids) and soy lecithin in high-forage diets on total lipid content, cholesterol content, and fatty acid composition of carcass tissues. Forty-three Hampshire or Suffolk-sired ram lambs were weaned at 60 d of age (average 23.6 kg of BW) and assigned to a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of 1) basal diet (control = BAS), 2) BAS with 6% whole canola seed (CS), 3) BAS with 4.9% deoiled soy lecithin (SL), and 4) BAS with 6% CS and 4.8% SL (CSSL). The BAS diet consisted of 70% forage and 30% concentrate and contained 15% CP and 2.2 Mcal of ME/kg. Lambs were individually fed and given ad libitum access to feed to an average final BW of 52.1 kg. Longissimus muscle (LM) from the left side of each carcass posterior to the 13th rib (12 to 15 cm in length) was excised and the lean (LM) and corresponding subcutaneous (s.c.) adipose tissue were separated, frozen, and later used for lipid analysis by gas-liquid chromatography. In lean tissue, feeding lambs CS reduced (P less than .01) the proportion of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and feeding SL increased (P less than .01) the proportion of total PUFA. In s.c. adipose tissue, lambs fed CS had lower (P less than .01) saturated fatty acids (SFA) and lambs fed SL had increased (P less than .03) PUFA. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
High-Energy Passively Mode-Locked Raman Fiber Laser Pumped by a CW Multimode Laser

A passively mode-locked Raman fiber laser based on nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) with a high nonlinear fiber cavity is proposed and demonstrated. A polarization-independent continuous wave (CW) multimode laser is employed as the pump source in order to avoid stimulated Brillouin scattering generation. This Raman laser generates 890 ps pulses at 1651.3 nm. Under the pump power of 960 mW, the single pulse energy is up to 290.7 nJ with the peak power of 326.7 W. The average output power is up to 110 mW with a conversion efficiency of 11.5%.
Changing Federal Government Employee Attitudes Since the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978

This study examines federal employee attitudes since the passage of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978. By reviewing seven employee surveys conducted by the U.S. Office of Personnel Management since 1979, we examine how attitudes have changed. We then analyze the degree to which organizational effectiveness, job satisfaction, and support for organizational change are affected by customer orientation, supervisory leadership, empowerment, teamwork, training and development, performance management, diversity, family-friendly policies, and labor relations. This study finds that (a) employee attitudes on most dimensions have been mildly positive; (b) employee attitudes somewhat reflect reform policies of each administration, presidential leadership, and environmental change; and (c) perceptions of organizational effectiveness, job satisfaction, and support for organizational change have been affected predominantly by customer orientation, supervisory leadership, empowerment, teamwork, performance evaluation fairness, and performance rewards. Finally, the study suggests that civil service reform integrate long-lasting strategies based on improved responsiveness and competitiveness of federal employees.
Unionization and Cost of Production: Compensation, Productivity, and Factor-Use Effects

Unionization affects cost of production through compensation premia, technology shifts, and deviations from the least-cost combination of inputs. The first two are familiar, but the last is not. This article distinguishes the three effects, illustrates the factor-use effect, and suggests that it may resolve several apparent inconsistencies: union-induced cost effects appear larger than those implied by union compensation and productivity differentials; union compensation and productivity differentials suggest a larger effect on labor intensity of output than is observed; and employers complain that union work rules reduce productivity when there is little evidence that this is so.
Presidential Leverage over Social Movements: the Johnson White House and Civil Rights

F OR THE CONTEMPORARY PRESIDENCY, social movements can pose an unsettling prospect. Social movements raise divisive issues, drawing attention to controversies more likely to polarize than to unify a president's supporters. They call into question a president's commitments, contrasting their extensive objectives to an administration's modest proposals. They threaten electoral punishment, tying an administration to dangerous militancy in the eyes of some, to timidity and ineffectiveness in the eyes of others. In the face of these worries, the White House will ordinarily devote some measure of attention to managing its relations with social movements. Legislative proposals and rhetorical gestures are the most obvious, public form its response will take. Less visible, but equally significant, are White House attempts to exercise leverage over social movements. The White House thus may try to modify the character of a social movement; it may seek to influence its leadership, to delimit its objectives, or to slow the tempo of its actions. It may attempt to forestall movement projects that conflict with its own projects, thereby averting the explosion into public notice of embarrassing clashes. It may hope, ultimately, to transform social movements from political liabilities into political advantages. Despite their significance, the difficulties that social movements
A Light-Impact Model for p-Type and n-Type Poly-Si TFTs

This paper introduces and verifies a new light-impact model (LIM) for both p-type and n-type polycrystalline thin-film transistors (poly-Si TFTs). The ratio of the produced current under a specific light intensity (Id) over the dark current (Idark) is calculated. The new model has been also implemented in the circuit simulation program HSPICE. Comparative results between measurements and simulated characteristics are presented for different sizes of widths/lengths, different values of the Vds and Vgs voltages and of light intensities.
Explaining purchases of organic meat by Dutch consumers

This study investigates the impact of economic and marketing variables (quality, price, and distribution), emotions (fear, empathy, and guilt), social norms, and environment-related variables (environmental concern, green behaviour, and perceived consumer effectiveness) on Dutch consumers' preference for, and purchase frequency of, organic meat. The results show that consumers' purchase of organic meat is based on both 'rational' economic motives and emotional motives. Copyright 2005, Oxford University Press.
Does Social Capital Encourage Participatory Watershed Management? An Analysis Using Survey Data From the Yodo River Watershed

Increasing attention is being paid to participatory watershed management, ranging from participation in administrative decision-making concerning larger-scale watersheds to participation in substantial management activities in smaller-scale watersheds. This article argues that individual participatory behavior in watershed management is affected by social capital and examines the effects of four different types of social capital using survey data from the Yodo River watershed in Japan. Our findings suggest that social capital has an impact on participation in watershed management, but it functions differently according to type of social capital. Notably, analysis reveals adverse effects between bonding social capital and bridging social capital on participation in government-led activities. This finding implies the need to examine the effects of social capital by type, and signals caution that present participants in activities by government are skewed toward those who possess bridging structural and cognitive social capital.
Detoxification of Herbicides in Phragmites australis

Abstract Unintentional loss of herbicides into drainage ditches, shores or other waterbodies may cause large problems in farmland. Therefore strategies for the phytoremediation of agrochemicals and especially herbicides have become a topic of great interest in many agricultural areas. However, in order to establish effective biological pollution control, information on the detoxification capacity of riparian plants and aquatic macrophytes (e.g., Phragmites australis) is important to build up effective buffer stripes. We determined the detoxification capacity of Phragmites australis roots and leaves for the conjugation of agrochemicals to glutathione by assaying the model substrate CDNB as well as the herbicides fenoxaprop-P, propachlor, pethoxamid and terbuthylazine. Specific GST activities were always higher in the rhizomes (6.78 d 0.88 μkat/mg protein for CDNB) than in leaves (1.08 d 0.21 μkat/mg protein). The detoxification capacity is distributed across an array of GST isoforms. In summary, Phragmites australis seems to be efficient in herbicide detoxification and a good candidate for phytoremediation of effluents from agricultural sites.
How entrepreneurial firms can benefit from alliances with large partners

Alliances between entrepreneurial and large firms can create economic value. In many circumstances, however, much of that value is appropriated by the larger partner. In these situations, the performance and even long-term survival of entrepreneurial firms can be put at risk. This article describes the conditions under which the value created by alliances will be appropriated by the large firms, and describes actions that entrepreneurial firms can take to appropriate more of the value created by these alliances.
estimating the innovation function from patent numbers: gmm on count panel data ¤

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the patent equation, an empirical counterpart to the 'knowledge-production function'. Innovation output is measured through the number of European patent applications and the input by research capital, in a panel of French manufacturing firms. Estimating the innovation function raises specific issues related to count data. Using the framework of models with multiplicative errors, we explore and test for various specifications: correlated fixed effects, serial correlations, and weak exogeneity. We also prevent a first extension to lagged dependent variables.
Preference Heterogeneity in Relation to Museum Services

Prevailing trends in the management of European museums underline the importance of additional museum services in fostering and encouraging the optimization of cultural assets while facilitating the collection of resources necessary for conservation. This paper considers the case of the archaeological site of Paestum (Salerno) and presents an analysis of individual preferences in relation to specific policies of cultural heritage management, each characterized by the supply of different museum services. Since the diversity of these services can prompt different individual preferences, the analysis allows for heterogeneity of parameters among individuals.
Institutional Impediments to Planning Professionalism in Victoria, Australia

Abstract It is common for urban spatial planning professionalism to be understood primarily as the expertise and skills required of practitioners in their assigned roles, putting aside the importance of the governance mechanisms within which planners work. However, urban spatial planning is located across a range of governance mechanisms, requiring particular understandings of the possibilities and problems of professionalism in this setting. The case of Victoria, Australia, is used to demonstrate how the institutional roles of planners strongly influence the exercise of their professional judgement and action. The concept of ‘mediatization’ is used to show how particular governance arrangements can result in a fragmented professional knowledge base that erodes planners' ability to act as a meaningful force for collective change. It is argued that planners, when being ‘professional’, need to consciously acknowledge and take on roles as democratic facilitators of knowledge development via planning processes. This enlarged role would begin with an appraisal of the existing institutional impediments to the process of democratic planning in a given setting.
Analysis of B-cell epitopes in the variable C-terminal region of the Mycobacterium leprae 70-kilodalton heat shock protein

The C-terminal region of the Mycobacterium leprae 70-kDa heat-shock protein is the major target for the humoral immune response to this protein and contains M. leprae-specific sequences. To examine B-cell responses to this region more closely, we constructed and expressed a recombinant fragment of the M. leprae P70 gene that encodes the C-terminal 142 residues (C-142) and synthesized a series of 10 overlapping peptides to encompass this region. The affinities of three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reactive with this region of P70 were measured, and the binding site of the highest-affinity MAb was determined to lie between residues 498 and 515. This reactivity was confirmed by a fluid-phase inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. By contrast, sera from leprosy patients which were strongly reactive with the C-142 fragment failed to bind directly to the conjugated or unconjugated peptides. To determine whether the M. leprae-specific C-terminal 70 residues could stimulate B-cell responses, the reactivity of hyperimmune anti-M. leprae P70 antisera with the peptides was examined. Rabbit polyclonal anti-M. leprae P70 antisera recognized epitopes between residues 498 and 515 and in the M. leprae-specific region between residues 567 and 591. The latter, in turn, when coupled to ovalbumin, was able to generate a strong anti-P70 response specific for mycobacterial, but not human, HSP70. Three strains of mice immunized with either C-142 or P70 recognized epitopes in the region between residues 487 and 532, but the response varied with the strain and immunogen. These data demonstrate that two regions in the C-terminal portion of M. leprae P70 contain linear B-cell epitopes recognized by MAbs or hyperimmune serum. Sera from leprosy patients, however, react predominantly with conformational determinants in the immunodominant C-terminal part of the protein.
Crisis in Southern Africa

Nearly 13 million people in Southern Africa face extreme food shortages between now and April 2003. Zimbabwe, Malawi and Zambia are particularly affected. Donor countries need to fund a major emergency food aid operation immediately. But in the long-term the food crisis will recur unless the right to food for all is put top of the agenda of international financial institutions and governments both inside and outside the region, and policies changed. The magnitude and centrality of the food crisis in Zimbabwe poses a special challenge.
Enforcing Contracts: Should Courts Seek the Truth?

I examine the case where fulfillment of a contractual commitment is only imperfectly verifiable and ask whether the court should then "tell the truth"" regarding the action in dispute. I show that truth seeking does not maximize the expected surplus from contractual relationships. From the parties' viewpoint, the enforcer should disregard some of the available information and should sometimes rule in favor of one party, even though his understanding is that the other party is most probably right. The analysis provides a justification for rules of evidence in common law and for the use by courts of neutral normative priors regarding contending claims. " J'analyse le cas ou la realisation d'un engagement contractuel n'est qu'imparfaitement verifiable. La question posee est de savoir si le tribunal doit alors « dire le vrai » quant aux actions faisant l'objet d'un litige. Je montre que, du point de vue des contractants, la cour devrait faire abstraction d'une partie de l'information disponible et qu'elle devrait parfois statuer en faveur d'un des contractants, meme si elle considere plus probable que l'autre ait raison. Cette analyse fournit une justification a certaines regles de procedure en droit civil et elle justifie le recours a des a priori normatifs neutres dans le reglement des differends.
Discourse change and policy development in social assistance in China

Zhang H. Discourse change and policy development in social assistance in China Since the introduction of a new social assistance programme in urban China, the state was eventually able to expand the programme to rural areas as a further step towards integrating the development of social assistance in urban and rural areas. This article argues that the development of social assistance in China can be explained by the change of discourse among the officials and the elites in central government. The discourse on social assistance can be conceptualised in three periods: the urban-first discourse (1999–2003); the discourse debate (2003–2007); and the urban–rural integration discourse (2007–present). Through scrutinising specific discourses and the policy development of social assistance in these three periods, it appears that in company with the change in the discourse process, rural social assistance was developed rapidly in order to construct an integrated social assistance system. The article concludes that discourse plays a significant role in Chinese social assistance policy development.
Phylogenetic and Functional Alterations in Bacterial Community Compositions in Broiler Ceca as a Result of Mannan Oligosaccharide Supplementation

ABSTRACT This study focused on identifying reproducible effects of dietary supplementation with a mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) on the broiler cecal bacterial community structure and function in a commercial production setting. Two separate trials, each with a control and a supplemented group, were carried out in the same commercial location and run concurrently. Approximately 10,000 birds from the same commercial hatchery were mirror imaged into each of four commercial broiler sheds and fed either a control or supplemented diet. Cecal contents were obtained on days 7, 21, and 35 posthatch from 12 randomly caught broilers from each group. Bacterial pyrosequencing was performed on all samples, with approximately 250,000 sequences obtained per treatment per time point. The predominant phyla identified at all three time points in both trials were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Tenericutes, representing >99% of all sequences. MOS supplementation altered the bacterial community composition from 7 days supplementation through 35 days supplementation. Bacteroidetes appeared to be replacing Firmicutes as a result of supplementation, with the most noticeable effects after 35 days. The effects of supplementation were reproducible across both trials. PICRUSt was used to identify differences between the functional potentials of the bacterial communities as a result of MOS supplementation. Using level 3 KEGG ortholog function predictions, differences between control and supplemented groups were observed, with very strong segregation noted on day 35 posthatch in both trials. This indicated that alterations of bacterial communities as a result of MOS are likely to alter the functional capability of the cecum.
Measuring 'Tight Budgetary Control'

This paper presents an effort to construct a measurement instrument to capture tight budgetary control. While there is not a strong tradition of publishing articles of this nature in the accounting literature, there is a role for this for constructs for which there are no ready-made instruments available from other disciplinary areas. The notion of tight (budgetary) control seems to fall into this category: it has troubled theorists for many years (Simons, 1995), and identifying and calibrating its components has been called a fruitful area for academic inquiry (Chow, et al., 1996). In this paper, the tight budgetary control macro-construct is defined, de-composed into its micro-attributes, operationalized into scale-items, and re-composed empirically through factor analysis on data obtained from 153 business units. The data suggest that tight budgetary control involves, in order of importance, low tolerance for interim budget deviations, detailed budget line-item follow-ups, intense discussions of budget results, and strong emphasis on meeting short-run budget targets. Broadly speaking, tight budgetary controls seem more stringent than simply monitoring bottom-line budget deviations in a hands-off management-by-exception basis.
Area based policies : a critical appraisal

Today, many who are involved in the governance of urban development and housing plea for area-based strategies to tackle urban social problems. Various arguments may be given to legitimise that kind of policy intervention. In this paper the assumptions behind the policy application are evaluated. Recurrent discourses and ideas regarding the backgrounds of neighbourhood effects receive extra attention. That discussion will be followed by a critical evaluation of the views that are expressed, both in the literature and through interviews with key actors. Finally, the question will be raised whether it is a good idea to continue with area-based policies or whether it might be wiser to replace the area-based policies by domain or sector policies in order to achieve a more direct approach towards the problems that should be tackled. Copyright (c) 2005 by the Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG.