Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Localized Metrics Vs Broadcasting in Wireless Sensor Networks

Nodes in wireless sensor networks detect and deliver data that are of importance to related network applications. This data must first be reliably delivered to one or more hubs in the network before it can be consumed by the application. Routing protocols for wireless sensor networks therefore have to achieve this objective with minimal utilization of limited energy resources. These are typically conflicting objectives as achieving reliability typically involves some energy overheads and/or a degree of redundancy. In this paper, we investigate and compare a novel routing protocol that utilizes local information instead of broadcasting to achieve higher reliability in data delivery without excessively compromising energy requirements
A Java Operating System as the Foundation of a Secure Network Operating System

Errors in the design and implementation of operating system kernels and system programs lead to security problems that very often cause a complete breakdown of all security mechanisms of the system. We present the architecture of the JX operating system, which avoids two categories of these errors. First, there are implementation errors, such as buffer overflows, dangling pointers, and memory leaks, caused by the use of unsafe languages. We eliminate these errors by using Java—a typesafe language with automatic memory management—for the implementation of the complete operating system. Second, there are architectural errors caused by complex system architectures, poorly understood interdependencies between system components, and minimal modularization. JX addresses these errors by following well-known principles, such as least-privilege and separation-of-privilege, and by using a minimal security kernel, which, for example, excludes the filesystem. Java security problems, such as the huge trusted class library and reliance on stack inspection are avoided. Code of different trustworthiness or code that belongs to different principals is separated into isolated domains. These domains represent independent virtual machines. Sharing of information or resources between domains can be completely controlled by the security kernel.
RF MEMS resonator for CMOS back-end-of-line integration

CMOS back-end-of-line (BEOL) compatible MEMS resonators were fabricated via a low-temperature process flow. The exural-mode resonator beams are made of a bi-layer consisting of a thin TaN and thick SiON 1m. DC measurements of pull-down voltage indicate limitations to operating voltages due to electric field breakdown across the bottom electrode to resonator beam gap. The RF response of the resonators shows resonant frequencies in the 11.0-11.6 MHz range with Q values of 2200.
Convexifying the Bethe Free Energy

The introduction of loopy belief propagation (LBP) revitalized the application of graphical models in many domains. Many recent works present improvements on the basic LBP algorithm in an attempt to overcome convergence and local optima problems. Notable among these are convexified free energy approximations that lead to inference procedures with provable convergence and quality properties. However, empirically LBP still outperforms most of its convex variants in a variety of settings, as we also demonstrate here. Motivated by this fact we seek convexified free energies that directly approximate the Bethe free energy. We show that the proposed approximations compare favorably with state-of-the art convex free energy approximations.
A Framework for Modeling Impact of Intrinsic Parameter Fluctuations at Architectural-Level

Abstract--- As the semiconductor process technology continues to scale deeper into the nanometer region, the intrinsic parameter fluctuations will aggressively affect the performance of future microprocessors. Therefore one of the challenge of advanced CMOS manufacturing lies in modeling and simulating the intrinsic parameter fluctuations for accurately assessing the performance and the yield of the corresponding integrated circuits (ICs). To investigate the impact of IPF at architectural-level, a framework to bridge architecture-level and device-level simulation will be presented. In this work, the framework will include intrinsic parameter fluctuation information from UTB-SOI transistors within the 25 nm and 13 nm technology node into architectural-level simulation. The impact of discrete random dopants in the source/drain regions, line edge roughness and body-thickness variations on a microprocessor cache memory system will be presented.
Analytical Hierarchy Process issues and mitigation strategy for large number of requirements

Now-a-days most software projects have more candidate requirements. So it is vital for software companies to use different prioritization techniques to select valuable requirements among the candidate requirements. But software companies usually face a lot of challenges in using AHP such as increase in time and complexity with respect to number of comparisons. In this paper, we present previous work carried out in this research area and industrial study to identify the challenges software companies face while prioritizing large number of requirements using AHP. Different types of prioritization techniques have been developed to resolve these challenges. This paper focus on Numeral assignment technique which groups requirements into three categories: critical, standard and optional and AHP which prioritize requirements based on pair-wise comparisons. In this article we proposed a model i.e., NAcAHP where in which pair-wise comparison of AHP is applied on critical group of Numeral assignment technique for prioritizing the requirements. The result shows that the proposed model minimizes the time and complexity of pair wise comparison.
Literacy Reform and Common Core State Standards: Recycling the Autonomous Model

The Common Core State Standards (2009) currently being adopted by 46 states in the US are the latest in a string of education policy decisions predicated on the autonomous model of literacy (Street, 1984). As such, they focus upon learning outcomes and materials, with little regard for the need to adapting learning to students’ contexts. This article details an account of how the autonomous model attained its current state of prominence, starting with the National Reading Panel’s (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2000) report that defined effective literacy learning, which was a major driving force behind the No Child Left Behind legislation. This article also describes what the model neglects in terms of 21st century literacy and offers suggestions for breaking the cycle of ill-informed, demonstrably ineffective policy decisions facilitated by such an autonomous model.
The Protection of Salidroside of the Heart against Acute Exhaustive Injury and Molecular Mechanism in Rat

Objective. To investigate the protection of salidroside of the heart against acute exhaustive injury and its mechanism of antioxidative stress and MAPKs signal transduction. Method. Adult male SD rats were divided into four groups randomly. Cardiomyocytes ultrastructure was observed by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The contents of CK, CK-MB, LDH, MDA, and SOD were determined by ELISA method, and the phosphorylation degrees of ERK and p38 MAPK were assayed by Western blotting. Cardiac function of isolated rat heart ischemia/reperfusion was detected by Langendorff technique. Results. Salidroside reduced the myocardium ultrastructure injury caused by exhaustive swimming, decreased the contents of CK, CK-MB, and LDH, improved the LVDP, ±LV dp/dt max under the basic condition, reduced the content of MDA and the phosphorylation degree of p38 MAPK, and increased the content of SOD and the phosphorylation degree of ERK in acute exhaustive rats. Conclusion. Salidroside has the protection of the heart against acute exhaustive injury. The cardioprotection is mainly mediated by antioxidative stress and MAPKs signal transduction through reducing the content of MDA, increasing the content of SOD, and increasing p-ERK and decreasing p-p38 protein expressions in rat myocardium, which might be the mechanisms of the cardioprotective effect of salidroside.
Plant-Pollinator Interactions over 120 Years: Loss of Species, Co-Occurrence, and Function

Honeybees Can't Do It Alone The majority of food crops require pollination to set fruit with the honeybee providing a pollination workhorse, with both feral and managed populations an integral component of crop management (see the Perspective by Tylianakis, published online 28 February). Garibaldi et al. (p. 1608, published online 28 February) now show that wild pollinators are also a vital part of our crop systems. In more than 40 important crops grown worldwide, wild pollinators improved pollination efficiency, increasing fruit set by twice that facilitated by honeybees. Burkle et al. (p. 1611, published online 28 February) took advantage of one of the most thorough and oldest data sets available on plant-pollinator interaction networks and recollected data on plant-pollinator interactions after more than 120 years of climate change and landscape alteration. The historical data set consists of observations collected by Charles Robertson near Carlinville, Illinois (USA), in the late 1800s on the phenology of plants and their pollinating insects, as well as information about which plants and pollinators interacted with one another. Many sites were revisited in the early 1970s and in 2009 and 2010 to collect similar plant-pollinator data. Pollinator function has declined through time, with bees showing lower visitation rates and lower fidelity to individual plant species. Long-term data in a North American landscape document the loss of species interactions in plant-pollinator networks. [Also see Perspective by Tylianakis] Using historic data sets, we quantified the degree to which global change over 120 years disrupted plant-pollinator interactions in a temperate forest understory community in Illinois, USA. We found degradation of interaction network structure and function and extirpation of 50% of bee species. Network changes can be attributed to shifts in forb and bee phenologies resulting in temporal mismatches, nonrandom species extinctions, and loss of spatial co-occurrences between extant species in modified landscapes. Quantity and quality of pollination services have declined through time. The historic network showed flexibility in response to disturbance; however, our data suggest that networks will be less resilient to future changes.
Self-Consistent Examination of Donachie's Constant Initiation Size at the Single-Cell Level

How growth, the cell cycle, and cell size are coordinated is a fundamental question in biology. Recently, we and others have shown that bacterial cells grow by a constant added size per generation, irrespective of the birth size, to maintain size homeostasis. This “adder” principle raises a question as to when during the cell cycle size control is imposed. Inspired by this question, we examined our single-cell data for initiation size by employing a self-consistency approach originally used by Donachie. Specifically, we assumed that individual cells divide after constant C + D minutes have elapsed since initiation, independent of the growth rate. By applying this assumption to the cell length vs. time trajectories from individual cells, we were able to extract theoretical probability distribution functions for initiation size for all growth conditions. We found that the probability of replication initiation shows peaks whenever the cell size is a multiple of a constant unit size, consistent with the Donachie's original analysis at the population level. Our self-consistent examination of the single-cell data made experimentally testable predictions, e.g., two consecutive replication cycles can be initiated during a single cell-division cycle.
On the optimal synthesis of ring symmetric shaped beams through uniformly spaced planar arrays

This paper deals with the power pattern synthesis of circularly symmetric shaped beams via equispaced planar arrays. A computationally effective approach taking inspiration from results available in the linear array case and not exploiting global optimization schemes is presented and assessed. In particular, for a given number of radiating elements, the proposed procedure is able to state a priori whether the constraints can be fulfilled or not, and, in the affirmative case, to determine the needed excitation coefficients. An example of actual interest is shown and discussed.
What Do You Get From a calculus Semantics

Darwin is a programming system for the development of distributed and parallel programs Darwin programs consist of three parts Firstly there is a con guration part which provides a hierarchical structure of components with dynamic binding Secondly there is the actual communication part which provides the interaction and synchronisation required by the system Finally there is the computation part providing the component programs written in C The subdivision of concurrent programs into organisation communication and computation leads to programs that are easy to specify compile and execute In order to specify precisely the behaviour of Darwin programs we translate the organisation and communication into the calculus a formalism for modelling concurrent processes The calculus speci cation enables us to deduce behavioural properties of Darwin programs
The evolution of the social brain: anthropoid primates contrast with other vertebrates

The social brain hypothesis argues that large brains have arisen over evolutionary time as a response to the social and ecological conflicts inherent in group living. We test predictions arising from the hypothesis using comparative data from birds and four mammalian orders (Carnivora, Artiodactyla, Chiroptera and Primates) and show that, across all non-primate taxa, relative brain size is principally related to pairbonding, but with enduring stable relationships in primates. We argue that this reflects the cognitive demands of the behavioural coordination and synchrony that is necessary to maintain stable pairbonded relationships. However, primates differ from the other taxa in that they also exhibit a strong effect of group size on brain size. We use data from two behavioural indices of social intensity (enduring bonds between group members and time devoted to social activities) to show that primate relationships differ significantly from those of other taxa. We suggest that, among vertebrates in general, pairbonding represents a qualitative shift from loose aggregations of individuals to complex negotiated relationships, and that these bonded relationships have been generalized to all social partners in only a few taxa (such as anthropoid primates).
Research on Improved Neural Network Forecast Basing on Genetic Algorithm

The problem of forecast belongs to an input-output nonlinear system in nature. And most of problems which need to be forecasted have a large number of predictors which are relatively correlated. Therefore neural network has unique superiority in dealing with such problems. But when traditional BP (Back-Propagation Network) neural network is used to predict, there are many inadequacies in predictive results because of the inherent defects of BP network. For this reason, genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimize the weights and thresholds of the BP network and to optimize the number of hidden layer neurons in order to get an optimal network model which can be applied to forecast practices. Several cases show that in many aspects, such as forecast accuracy, convergence rate, forecast error, the number of successful training, the new model is superior to the traditional model. Thus the new forecast model has broad application prospects.
Phyllosilicates in the Mawrth Vallis region of Mars

[1] OMEGA/Mars Express has discovered large outcrops rich in phyllosilicates in the region of Mawrth Vallis, Mars (around 20°W, 25°N). The region is located in Noachian highly cratered terrains, close to the limit of the Martian dichotomy, where the outflow channel Mawrth Vallis cuts the highlands. We have examined this region using OMEGA spectra of the surface from 0.9 μm to 2.6 μm, with spatial sampling from 500 m to 3 km, offering a full coverage of the region. OMEGA spectra show two broad bands centered at 1 μm and 2.2 μm, revealing the presence of clinopyroxene on dark surfaces. Phyllosilicates have been identified by absorption bands at 1.4 μm, 1.9 μm, and 2.2 or 2.3 μm. Comparison with laboratory spectra reveals similarities with Al-OH smectites such as montmorillonites, or Fe- or Mg-OH smectites such as nontronite. A precise location of the phyllosilicate-rich areas on visible HRSC images indicates that they are placed exclusively on bright outcrops, mostly on the plateaus, dated to the Noachian period. On HRSC and MOC images the phyllosilicate-rich outcrops reveal strong erosional features such as numerous residual buttes composed of layers a few meters thick. The phyllosilicate-rich unit corresponds to a geological unit more than 100 m thick, over a horizontal extension approximately of 300 km × 400 km. This unit implies a large volume of altered rocks, either in situ or after transport and deposition, in Noachian terrains, revealing a different climatic and geologic environment from the present one.
Simulated jumping in genetic algorithms for a set of test functions

A hybrid GA based evolutionary algorithm has been built with a range of selection and variation heuristics; amongst them a jumping model for cooling and heating that can be automated for each test problem. These methods have been tested on five mathematical functions for which they outperform the genetic algorithms considered in terms of number of function evaluations.
Combining a Recombinant Cancer Vaccine with Standard Definitive Radiotherapy in Patients with Localized Prostate Cancer

Purpose: Many patients with clinically localized prostate cancer develop biochemical failure despite excellent local therapy perhaps due to occult metastatic disease. One potential solution is the utilization of a well-tolerated systemic therapy (e.g., vaccine) in concert with local therapy. Experimental Design: We present a randomized phase II clinical trial designed to determine if a poxviral vaccine encoding prostate-specific antigen (PSA) can induce a PSA-specific T-cell response when combined with radiotherapy in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. Thirty patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio into vaccine plus radiotherapy or radiotherapy-only arms. Those patients in the combination arm received a “priming” vaccine with recombinant vaccinia (rV) PSA plus r V containing the T-cell costimulatory molecule B7.1 (rV-B7.1) followed by monthly booster vaccines with recombinant fowlpox PSA. The vaccines were given with local granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and low-dose systemic interleukin-2. Standard external beam radiation therapy was given between the fourth and the sixth vaccinations. Results: Seventeen of 19 patients in the combination arm completed all eight vaccinations and 13 of these 17 patients had increases in PSA-specific T cells of at least 3-fold versus no detectable increases in the radiotherapy-only arm (P < 0.0005). There was also evidence of de novo generation of T cells to well-described prostate-associated antigens not found in the vaccine, providing indirect evidence of immune-mediated tumor killing. The vaccine was well tolerated. Conclusion: This vaccine regimen can be safely given in patients undergoing radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer, with the majority of patients generating a PSA-specific cellular immune response to vaccine.
Educator and practitioner views of professional competencies for macro social work practice

To effectively prepare students for practice, macro social work educators need to keep pace with employers’ demands. This article reports findings from a survey of social work educators (n = 52) and macro practitioners (n = 184) in Texas to assess congruence in competencies perceived as necessary for macro practice. Findings reveal that both groups prioritize competencies related to interpersonal dynamics and leadership, program management, and community practice, and view financial management and public relations as least important. However, findings identify differences in practice competencies (e.g. policy practice, organizational management, and development), suggesting a need to better align educational and professional priorities.
Intracellular Biosynthesis and Removal of Copper Nanoparticles by Dead Biomass of Yeast Isolated from the Wastewater of a Mine in the Brazilian Amazonia

In this study was developed a natural process using a biological system for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) and possible removal of copper from wastewater by dead biomass of the yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Dead and live biomass of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa was used to analyze the equilibrium and kinetics of copper biosorption by the yeast in function of the initial metal concentration, contact time, pH, temperature, agitation and inoculum volume. Dead biomass exhibited the highest biosorption capacity of copper, 26.2 mg g−1, which was achieved within 60 min of contact, at pH 5.0, temperature of 30°C, and agitation speed of 150 rpm. The equilibrium data were best described by the Langmuir isotherm and Kinetic analysis indicated a pseudo-second-order model. The average size, morphology and location of NPs biosynthesized by the yeast were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The shape of the intracellularly synthesized NPs was mainly spherical, with an average size of 10.5 nm. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the copper NPs confirmed the formation of metallic copper. The dead biomass of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa may be considered an efficiently bioprocess, being fast and low-cost to production of copper nanoparticles and also a probably nano-adsorbent of this metal ion in wastewater in bioremediation process.
OMReasoner: combination of multi-matchers for ontology matching: results for OAEI 2014

Ontology matching produces correspondences between entities of two ontologies. The OMReasoner is unique in that it creates an extensible framework for combination of multiple individual matchers, and reasons about ontology matching by using external dictionary WordNet and description logic reasoner. It handles ontology matching in both literal and semantic level, and it makes use of the semantic part of OWL-DL as well as structure. This paper describes the result of OMReasoner in the OAEI 2014 competition in three tracks: benchmark, conference, and MultiFarm.