Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mothers united: an immigrant struggle for socially just education

A dozen children of different ages sit on benches in a sunlit room in The Country School, Winslow Homer’s 1871 painting. The teacher looks at the three boys to her right; like most of the other children in the painting, they are reading; nothing distracts them from their books. The tables and benches are set against the walls, leaving a large space in the middle, occupied only by the wooden boards of the floor.
Association of Exome Sequences With Cardiovascular Traits Among Blacks in the Jackson Heart Study

Background—The correlation of null alleles with human phenotypes can provide insight into gene function in humans. In individuals of African ancestry, we set out to identify null and damaging missense variants, and test these variants for association with a range of cardiovascular phenotypes. Methods and Results—We performed whole-exome sequencing in 3223 black individuals from the Jackson Heart Study and found a total of 729 666 variant sites with minor allele frequency <5%, including 17 263 null variants and 49 929 missense variants predicted to be damaging by in silico algorithms. We tested null and damaging missense variants within each gene for association with 36 cardiovascular traits. We found 3 associations that met our prespecified level of significance (&agr;=1.1×10−7). Null and damaging missense variants in PCSK9 were associated with 36 mg/dL lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=3×10−21). Three individuals in their 50s with complete PCSK9 deficiency (each compound heterozygote for PCSK9 p.Y142X and p.C679X) were identified, with one having a coronary artery calcification score in the 83rd percentile despite a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of 32 mg/dL. A damaging missense variant in HBQ1 (p.G52A) was associated with a 2 pg/cell lower mean corpuscular hemoglobin (P=9×10−13) and rare damaging missense variants in VPS13A with higher red blood cell distribution width (P=9.9×10–8). Conclusions—A limited number of null/damaging alleles with a large effect on cardiovascular traits were detectable in ≈3000 black individuals.
Aggression in Psychoses

Most individuals diagnosed with a mental illness are not violent, but some mentally ill patients commit violent acts. PubMed database was searched for articles published between 1980 and November 2013 using the combination of key words “schizophrenia” or “bipolar disorder” with “aggression” or “violence. ” In comparison with the general population, there is approximately a twofold increase of risk of violence in schizophrenia without substance abuse comorbidity and ninefold with such comorbidity. The risk in bipolar disorder is at least as high as in schizophrenia. Most of the violence in bipolar disorder occurs during the manic phase. Violence among adults with schizophrenia may follow two distinct pathways: one associated with antisocial conduct and another associated with the acute psychopathology, particularly anger and delusions. Clozapine is the most effective treatment of aggressive behavior in schizophrenia. Emerging evidence suggests that olanzapine may be the second most effective treatment. Treatment nonadherence greatly increases the risk of violent behavior, and poor insight as well as hostility is associated with nonadherence. Nonpharmacological methods of treatment of aggression in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are increasingly important. Cognitive behavioral approaches appear to be effective in cases where pharmacotherapy alone is not sufficient.
Lossy Compression of CFA Image Based on Multiwavelet Packet

A lossy compression scheme for Bayer images is proposed in this paper. Recently, it was found that compression-first schemes outperform the conventional demosaicking-first schemes in terms of output image quality. Balanced multiwavelet packet transforms effectively remove CFA image correlation between frequency bands. Wavelet coefficients shuffling exploring subband correlation makes it suitable for zerotree coding. Improved SPIHT algorithm further exploits data correlation in different direction under the same resolution using one symbol to denote three zerotrees while the SPIHT algorithm using three symbols. The simulation results show that: proposed compression scheme at low bit rate compared with JPEG2000 has better performance, and low complexity. CPSNR is 2db higher than JPEG2000 at bit rate 1 and is 0.7db higher than JPEG2000 at bit rate 2.
Mining Interesting Contrast Sets

Contrast set mining has been developed as a data mining task which aims at discerning differences across groups. These groups can be patients, organizations, molecules, and even time-lines. A valid contrast set is a conjunction of attribute-value pairs that differ significantly in their di stri- bution across groups. The search for valid contrast sets can produce a prohibitively large number of results which must be further filtered in order to be examined by a domain expert and have decisions enacted from them. In this paper, we introduce the notion of the minimum support ratio threshold to measure the ratio of maximum and minimum support across groups. We propose a contrast set mining technique to discover maximal valid contrast sets which meet a minimum support ratio threshold. We also introduce five interestingness mea sures and demonstrate how they can be used to rank contrast sets. Our experiments on real datasets demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our approach, and the interestingness of the contrast sets discovered.
Gaussian doubly dirty compound multiple-access channel with partial side information at the transmitters

In this study, the authors study a two-user Gaussian doubly dirty compound multiple-access channel with partial side information (GDD-CMAC-PSI) where two independent additive interference signals are considered, each one known non-causally and partially to one of the encoders but unknown to either of the receivers. This channel, first, can model two users communicating with two base stations suffering from interference, and second, includes many previously studied channels as its special cases. For such a communication scenario, first, a general capacity outer bound is derived. Depending on the values of cross link gains, they classify the channel into three classes: weak, strong and mixed GDD-CMAC-PSI. Next, assuming that the interference signals have infinite variances, they obtain capacity outer bounds for these classes. Then, an achievable sum-rate is derived for the GDD-CMAC-PSI using Costa's strategy and thereby, they show that when both interference signals have infinite variances, this achievable sum-rate vanishes. Later, by utilising the lattice strategies and deriving achievable rate regions, independent of the interference powers, they show that in contrast with Costa's strategy, lattice-strategies can achieve positive rates. Finally, depending on signal-to-noise ratio gaps at receivers, various achievable rates are obtained.
The Effects of Cognitive—Behavioral Therapy on Trait Anger and Paranoid Ideation

Objective: This study evaluates a cognitive—behavioral anger treatment approach to reduce anger and paranoid ideation on men (n = 32) in treatment for anger problems and compares levels of paranoid ideation with a sample of men ( n = 27) who sought mental health treatment for non-anger issues. Method: A pre- and posttest design is used to evaluate within- and between-groups differences on anger and paranoid ideation. Results: At pretest, the anger group has significantly higher scores on paranoid ideation than the non-anger group. Significant reductions in trait anger and paranoid ideation are recorded from pre- to posttreatment for the anger group. Conclusions: Cognitive—behavioral therapy for anger helps reduce anger and paranoid ideation. Limitations of the study are discussed.
Thickness dependence of structure and piezoelectric properties at nanoscale of polycrystalline PZT thin films

Lead zirconate titanate Pb(Zr0.50Ti0.50)O3 (PZT) thin films were deposited by a polymeric chemical method on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates to understand the mechanisms of phase transformations and the effect of film thickness on the structure, dielectric and piezoelectric properties in these films. PZT films pyrolyzed at temperatures higher than 350°C present a coexistence of pyrochlore and perovskite phases, while only perovskite phase grows in films pyrolyzed at temperatures lower than 300°C. For pyrochlore-free PZT thin films, a small (100) orientation tendency near the film-substrate interface was observed. Finally, we demonstrate the existence of a self-polarization effect in the studied PZT thin films. Results suggest that Schottky barriers and/or mechanical coupling near the film substrate interface are not primarily responsible for the observed self-polarization effect in our films.
Intense terahertz pulses by four-wave rectification in air.

We describe a new four-wave rectification method for the generation of intense, ultrafast terahertz (THz) pulses from gases. The fundamental and second-harmonic output of an amplified Ti:sapphire laser is focused to a peak intensity of ~5x10(14)W/cm (2) . Under these conditions, peak THz fields estimated at 2 kV/cm have been observed; the measured power spectrum peaks near 2 THz. Phase-dependent measurements show that this is a coherent process and is sensitive to the relative phases of the fundamental and second-harmonic pulses. Comparable THz signals have been observed from nitrogen and argon as well as from air.
Talking Heads

This paper describes an interactive presentation that introduces the Talking Heads website, which was originally proposed at the AVSP'97 meeting in Rhodes, Greece. Talking Heads is an effort to bring together information from a wide range of sources. The site provides interactive access to multimodal material in both its original form and as summarized by us. In addition, the authors have provided historical information, supporting essays and tutorials, interviews, etc., that try to contextualize and make coherent this rapidly developing area. Both the website and the interactive presentation are described.
Evidence-based clinical guidelines for eating disorders: international comparison

Purpose of review The current systematic review sought to compare available evidence-based clinical treatment guidelines for all specific eating disorders. Recent findings Nine evidence-based clinical treatment guidelines for eating disorders were located through a systematic search. The international comparison demonstrated notable commonalities and differences among these current clinical guidelines. Summary Evidence-based clinical guidelines represent an important step toward the dissemination and implementation of evidence-based treatments into clinical practice. Despite advances in clinical research on eating disorders, a growing body of literature demonstrates that individuals with eating disorders often do not receive an evidence-based treatment for their disorder. Regarding the dissemination and implementation of evidence-based treatments, current guidelines do endorse the main empirically validated treatment approaches with considerable agreement, but additional recommendations are largely inconsistent. An increased evidence base is critical in offering clinically useful and reliable guidance for the treatment of eating disorders. Because developing and updating clinical guidelines is time-consuming and complex, an international coordination of guideline development, for example, across the European Union, would be desirable.
Motivational Bias in Criminal Investigators' Judgments of Witness Reliability

An experiment was conducted where experienced criminal investigators (N = 49) evaluated the testimony of a witness who either confirmed or disconfirmed the focal hypothesis in a homicide case. Participants’ motivation to perpetuate the hypothesis was manipulated by varying the need for cognitive closure via time pressure. The hypothesis-inconsistent witness was perceived as less reliable and credible, although its background and witnessing conditions were identical to those of the hypothesisconsistent witness. While this asymmetrical skepticism was not moderated by time pressure, participants under high (vs. low) time pressure were less inclined to adjust their confidence in the hypothesis in line with the witness testimony. Discussion focuses on implications for criminal investigations and theoretical contributions to investigative psychology. Criminal investigation is, in essence, the process of answering the questions of how, why, and by whom a crime was committed (Greenwood, Chaiken, & Petersilia, 1977). To this end, clues from various sources are gathered and combined until a coherent story of the criminal event is obtained. Only rarely do these clues come exclusively from physical evidence available for direct examination by investigators. More commonly, some matters must be inferred from secondhand descriptions by people who witnessed crucial aspects of the event. Hence, a crucial task for criminal investigators is to judge how well a witness account reflects objective truth. Unfortunately, research has suggested that police officers and other legal professionals are not optimally suited for this task. As documented by a number of expert surveys, these groups hold beliefs regarding witness psychology that are not in tune with findings in the scientific literature (Brigham & Wolfskiel, 1983; Granhag, Stromwall, & Hartwig, 2005).
Asteroseismology of OB stars with CoRoT

The CoRoT satellite is revolutionizing the photometric study of massive O-type and B-type stars. During its long runs, CoRoT observed the entire main sequence B star domain, from typical hot β Cep stars, via cooler hybrid p- and g-mode pulsators to the SPB stars near the edge of the instability strip. CoRoT lowers the sensitivity barrier from the typical mmagprecision reached from the ground, to the µ mag-level reached from space. Within the wealth of detected and identified pulsation modes, relations have been found in the form of multiplets, combination of frequencies, and frequency- and period spacings. This wealth of observational evidence is finally providing strong constraints to test current models of the internal structure and pulsations of hot stars. Aside from the expected opacity driven modes with infinite lifetime, other unexpected types of variability are detected in massive stars, such as modes of stochastic nature. The simultaneous observation of all these light curve characteristics implies a challenge for both observational asteroseismology and stellar modelling (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Remembering natural disaster: Politics and culture of memorials in Gujarat and Sri Lanka

This article explores some of the memorial practices to have emerged after an earthquake in Gujarat during 2001 and along the eastern and southern coasts of Sri Lanka following the tsunami of 2004. In both locations, acts of memorialization have been inseparable from reconstruction initiatives and broader political currents. In the Gujarat case, this has tied memorials firmly to the politics of religious communalism, regionalism and mainstream Hindu nationalism. In the case of Sri Lanka, memorials have emerged as localized expressions of the more general patterns of ethnic conflict in the country. In both cases, politics of all kinds, and at all levels of collective representation, have influenced the ways in which memorials have been designed, located and inaugurated. Through this material we show that memorials can, somewhat paradoxically, have an uneasy relationship to memory (in any conventional sense of the term). By treating memorials as products of cultural compromise rather than as the epitomes of culture, we wish to direct the discussion away from the objects themselves towards the processes that allow memorial objects to exist.
Mathematical Modeling and Convergence Analysis of Trail Formation

An ant deposits pheromone along the path that it travels and is more likely to choose a path with a higher concentration of pheromone. The sensing and dropping of pheromone makes it easy to understand the trail forming behavior of ants. The reinforcement tendency of pheromone following behavior ensures selection of the shortest path from a set of paths. The reinforcement tendency of pheromone following behavior also ensures a biased selection of the initially followed paths over a path, which is shorter but discovered through chance at a later point in time. Under what conditions and limits can this initial bias be reversed? In this paper, we answer this question based on a theoretical analysis of the trail forming behavior of ants. We believe our results to contribute to the overall area of understanding how to build scalable systems that evolve to solve complex problems (e.g. point covering or the traveling salesman problem) without the necessity of central command-and-control.
Image based gisting in CLIR

In this paper, we describe research which could lead to a novel approach to gathering an overview of a document in a foreign language. The research explores how much of the meaning of a document could be represented using images by researching the ability of subjects to derive the search term that might have been used to return a set of images from an image library. The Google image search engine was used to retrieve the images for this experiment, which uses English throughout. The results were analysed with respect to a previous paper [1] exploring ability to recognise concrete objects in hierarchies. It was found that there is a tendency to use one particular level of categorization.
EdgeCentric: Anomaly Detection in Edge-Attributed Networks

Given a network with attributed edges, how can we identify anomalous behavior? Networks with edge attributes are ubiquitous, and capture rich information about interactions between nodes. In this paper, we aim to utilize exactly this information to discern suspicious from typical behavior in an unsupervised fashion, lending well to the traditional scarcity of ground-truth labels in practical anomaly detection scenarios. Our work has a number of notable contributions, including (a) formulation: while most other graph-based anomaly detection works use structural graph connectivity or node information, we focus on the new problem of leveraging edge information, (b) methodology: we introduce EdgeCentric, an intuitive and scalable compression-based approach for detecting edge-attributed graph anomalies, and (c) practicality: we show that EdgeCentric successfully spots numerous such anomalies in several large, edge-attributed real-world graphs, including the Flipkart e-commerce graph with over 3 million product reviews between 1.1 million users and 545 thousand products, where it achieved 0.87 precision over the top 100 results.
Honeypot-Aware Advanced Botnet Construction and Maintenance

Because "botnets" can be used for illicit financial gain, they have become quite popular in recent Internet attacks. "Honeypots" have been successfully deployed in many defense systems. Thus, attackers constructing and maintaining botnets are forced to find ways to avoid honeypot traps. In this paper, we present a hardware and software independent honeypot detection methodology based on the following assumption: security professionals deploying honeypots have liability constraints such that they cannot allow their honeypots to participate in real (or too many real) attacks. Based on this assumption, attackers can detect honeypots in their botnet by checking whether the compromised machines in the botnet can successfully send out unmodified malicious traffic to attackers' sensors or whether the bot controller in their botnet can successfully relay potential attack commands. In addition, we present a novel "two-stage reconnaissance" worm that can automatically construct a peer-to-peer structured botnet and detect and remove infected honeypots during its propagation stage. Finally, we discuss some guidelines for defending against the general honeypot-aware attacks
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder after Traumatic Brain Injury and Interpersonal Relationships: Contributions from Object-Relations Perspectives

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been identified in survivors of traumatic brain injury (TBI), sustained from road traffic accidents, assaults, or industrial accidents. This article reviews the small literature on this population, which is predominantly characterized by integrations of cognitive neuropsychology and cognitive behavior therapy. While these perspectives have been applied to identify etiological processes and treatment options, one insufficiently specified domain in this literature is the role of interpersonal relationships. This includes interpersonal etiological mechanisms and social outcomes, but also therapeutic process for PTSD after TBI. In response, object-relations psychoanalytic concepts of symbolizing (Segal, 1957) and containing–contained (Bion, 1962) mechanisms are applied. These concepts are used to consider the aforementioned factors while permitting close conceptual links to neurological and cognitive vulnerabilities for this clinical group. This article finishes with a therapeutic application of these concepts, from the perspective of a neurorehabilitation team.
Angiogenic Effects of Interleukin 8 (CXCL8) in Human Intestinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells Are Mediated by CXCR2*

Angiogenesis plays a critical role in metastasis and tumor growth. Human tumors, including colorectal adenocarcinoma, secrete angiogenic factors, inducing proliferation and chemotaxis of microvascular endothelial cells, eventually leading to tumor neovascularization. The chemokine interleukin 8 (IL-8; CXCL8) exerts potent angiogenic properties on endothelial cells through interaction with its cognate receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. As CXCR1 and CXCR2 expression is differentially regulated in tissue-specific endothelial cells and effects of IL-8 on intestinal endothelial cells are not defined, we characterized the potential IL-8-induced angiogenic mechanisms in primary cultures of human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (HIMEC) and IL-8 receptor expression in human intestinal microvessels. CXCR1 and CXCR2 expression on HIMEC were defined using reverse transcriptase-PCR, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis. IL-8-induced downstream signaling events were assessed using immunoblot analysis and immunofluorescence. The angiogenic effects of IL-8 on HIMEC were determined using proliferation and chemotaxis assays. HIMEC responded to IL-8 with rapid stress fiber assembly, chemotaxis, enhanced proliferation, and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2). HIMEC express CXCR2, but not CXCR1. Neutralizing antibodies to CXCR2 diminished IL-8-induced chemotaxis and stress fiber assembly. Specific inhibitors of ERK 1/2 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase abrogated endothelial tube formation and IL-8-induced chemotaxis in HIMEC. IL-8 elicits angiogenic responses in microvascular endothelial cells isolated from human intestine by engaging CXCR2. We confirmed tissue expression of CXCR2 in human intestinal microvessels. Supported by the notion that malignant colonic epithelial cells overexpress IL-8, CXCR2 blockade may be a novel target for anti-angiogenic therapy in colorectal adenocarcinoma.