Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Datasheet-Driven Nonsegmented Empirical SPICE Model of SiC MOSFET With Improved Accuracy and Convergence Capability

This article presents a datasheet-driven empirical model of silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET, in which both the static <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and dynamic <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> characteristics are accurately captured by using nonsegmented empirical equations. Compared with the existing models, this model features on describing the first quadrant conduction <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> characteristics through nonsegmented empirical equations while considering the intrinsic physical mechanisms, which is beneficial for improving the convergence capability. Moreover, the nonlinear Miller capacitance <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${C}_{gd}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is accurately captured considering the shielding effect caused by the adjacent p-wells. Apart from the abovementioned added features, a parameter extraction procedure is also proposed, in which all the parameter values could be directly extracted from the data provided in the commercial datasheet. The accuracy of the proposed model is verified through the comparisons between the modeling results and experimental data from the datasheet. Furthermore, the convergence capability of the proposed model is verified by simulating a seven-level cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter, in which 12 devices are included. The experimental double pulse test is finally carried out to verify the feasibility of the proposed model in simulating the dynamic transients.
Quantum-mechanical description of optical beams

The quantum mechanics of photons is derived from the theory of representations of the Poincaré group developed by Wigner. This theory places helicity as the most fundamental property; angular momentum and polarization are secondary characteristics. The properties of light beams are shown to be fully determined by the quantum states of the photons. Beam polarization is explained as the freedom to chose an arbitrary combination of the helicity states. The quantum mechanics of photons enables one to give a precise meaning to the concept of wave−particle duality.
Response of Pasture Nitrogen Fertilization on Greenhouse Gas Emission and Net Protein Contribution of Nellore Young Bulls

Simple Summary Due to the concern arising from the environmental impact caused by beef cattle, this study evaluated the greenhouse gas emissions of three production systems using increasing levels of pasture nitrogen fertilization during the backgrounding period. Following this, animals were finished either on pasture or feedlot. In addition, their contribution to human protein nutrient requirements was investigated. Both pastures without fertilization and with moderate fertilization resulted in the lowest greenhouse gas emission intensity. However, the number of animals increased twice, suggesting that moderate nitrogen fertilization enables the production of more meat using less area, which might contribute to decreasing deforestation. Moreover, tropical beef production grazing systems positively contributed to supplying the human protein requirements without competing with humans for food. Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and net protein contribution (NPC) of Nellore young bulls grazing marandu palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) under three levels of pasture nitrogen (N) fertilization during backgrounding and finished on pasture or feedlot, based on concepts of sustainable intensification. The treatments were: System 1: pastures without N fertilizer during backgrounding, and animals finished on pasture supplemented with high concentrate at a rate of (20 g of concentrate per kg of body weight; P0N + PS); System 2: pastures fertilized with 75 kg N ha−1 year−1 during backgrounding and animals finished on feedlot fed a total mixed ration (TMR; P75N + F); and System 3: pastures fertilized with 150 kg N ha−1 year−1 during backgrounding, and animals finished on feedlot fed a TMR (P150N + F). During backgrounding, all pastures were managed under a continuous and put-and-take stock grazing system. All animals were supplemented with only human-inedible feed. Primary data from systems 1, 2 and 3, respectively, in the field experiment were used to model GHG emissions and NPC (a feed-food competitiveness index), considering the backgrounding and finishing phases of the beef cattle production system. Average daily gain (ADG) was 33% greater for the N fertilizer pastures, while carcass production and stocking rate (SR) more than doubled (P75N + F and P150N + F). Otherwise, the lowest GHG emission intensity (kg CO2e kg carcass−1) was from the P0N + PS system (without N fertilizer) but did not differ from the P75N + F system (p > 0.05; pastures with 75 kg N ha−1). The main source of GHG emission in all production systems was from enteric methane. Moreover, NPC was above 1 for all production systems, indicating that intensified systems contributed positively to supply human protein requirements. Moderate N fertilization of pastures increased the SR twofold without increasing greenhouse gas emissions intensity. Furthermore, tropical beef production systems are net contributors to the human protein supply without competing for food, playing a pivotal role in the food security agenda.
Are There Multiple Populations of Fast Radio Bursts?

The repeating FRB 121102 (the “repeater”) shows repetitive bursting activities and was localized in a host galaxy at z = 0.193. On the other hand, despite dozens of hours of telescope time spent on follow-up observations, no other fast radio bursts (FRBs) have been observed to repeat. Yet, it has been speculated that the repeater is the prototype of FRBs, and that other FRBs should show similar repeating patterns. Using the published data, we compare the repeater with other FRBs in the observed time interval (Δt)–flux ratio (Si/Si+1) plane. We find that whereas other FRBs occupy the upper (large Si/Si+1) and right (large Δt) regions of the plane due to the non-detections of other bursts, some of the repeater bursts fall into the lower left region of the plot (short interval and small flux ratio) excluded by the non-detection data of other FRBs. The trend also exists even if one only selects those bursts detectable by the Parkes radio telescope. If other FRBs were similar to the repeater, our simulations suggest that the probability that none of them have been detected to repeat with the current searches would be ∼(10−4–10−3). We suggest that the repeater is not representative of the entire FRB population, and that there is strong evidence of more than one population of FRBs.
Thin-shell limit of branes in the presence of Gauss-Bonnet interactions

In this paper we study thick-shell braneworld models in the presence of a Gauss-Bonnet term. We discuss the peculiarities of the attainment of the thin-shell limit in this case and compare them with the same situation in Einstein gravity. We describe the two simplest families of thick-brane models (parametrized by the shell thickness) one can think of. In the thin-shell limit, one family is characterized by the constancy of its internal density profile (a simple structure for the matter sector) and the other by the constancy of its internal curvature scalar (a simple structure for the geometric sector). We find that these two families are actually equivalent in Einstein gravity and that the presence of the Gauss-Bonnet term breaks this equivalence. In the second case, a shell will always keep some non-trivial internal structure, either on the matter or on the geometric sectors, even in the thin-shell limit.
Novel Approach to Pharmaceutical 3D-Printing Omitting the Need for Filament—Investigation of Materials, Process, and Product Characteristics

The utilized 3D printhead employs an innovative hot-melt extrusion (HME) design approach being fed by drug-loaded polymer granules and making filament strands obsolete. Oscillatory rheology is a key tool for understanding the behavior of a polymer melt in extrusion processes. In this study, small amplitude shear oscillatory (SAOS) rheology was applied to investigate formulations of model antihypertensive drug Metoprolol Succinate (MSN) in two carrier polymers for pharmaceutical three-dimensional printing (3DP). For a standardized printing process, the feeding polymers viscosity results were correlated to their printability and a better understanding of the 3DP extrudability of a pharmaceutical formulation was developed. It was found that the printing temperature is of fundamental importance, although it is limited by process parameters and the decomposition of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). Material characterization including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) of the formulations were performed to evaluate component miscibility and ensure thermal durability. To assure the development of a printing process eligible for approval, all print runs were investigated for uniformity of mass and uniformity of dosage in accordance with the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.).
Casks from Gribshunden (1495) – Dendrochronology of Late Medieval Shipboard Victual Containers

ABSTRACT Wooden casks were used extensively to transport goods in medieval Europe but have been largely overlooked in Scandinavian marine archaeological studies. We present a study of casks recovered from the Danish-Norwegian royal flagship Gribshunden, which sank in the summer of 1495 outside Stora Ekö Island in southeastern Sweden. During excavations in 2020–2021, archaeologists recovered 135 wooden staves and heads for dendrochronological analysis. Seventy-nine percent of the samples were successfully dated and provenanced from seven different timber source areas, predominantly southeastern Baltic (59%) and Scania (22%). These results suggest the geographical extent of the late medieval Nordic timber trade. Components from several source areas were incorporated within individual casks, suggesting staves were bulk goods transported to production centres for cooperage. The dating results indicate the life span of medieval casks was just a few years. This study highlights the untapped potential of wooden casks for a wide range of research fields.
Factorization of the far-field operator for the inhomogeneous medium case and an application in inverse scattering theory

This paper is concerned with the scattering of time harmonic plane waves by an inhomogeneous medium. We prove a factorization of the far-field operator F and characterize the range of by the range of an operator G which maps more general incident fields than plane waves into the far-field pattern. As an application we characterize the support of the index of refraction using only the spectral data of the far-field operator F.
Spaced Antenna Scattering Scale and Orientation Measurements of the Upper Troposphere on the MU Radar

The results of an experiment on the MU radar to observe VHF radio wave scattering structures around the jet stream and frontal disturbances in the upper troposphere and tropopause region are reported. The experiment used spaced antenna techniques which can provide high resolution measurements of the wind vector and of the spatial scales and orientation of the structures which are generally associated with turbulence. The main spatial scale parameter examined here was the angular distribution or aspect sensitivity of the scatter. The orientation of the scattering was found in both the vertical and horizontal planes. Rapid variations of scattering orientation in the vertical plane were observed which can be expected to influence high time resolution velocity measurements, particularly vertical velocity. In the horizontal plane, the orientation of scattering structures showed some relationship to wind minima and shear features.
Paris-Edinburgh large-volume cell coupled with a fast imaging-plate system for structural investigation at high pressure and high temperature

A new set-up for collecting high-quality data suitable for structural refinement at high pressure and high temperature has been developed on beamline ID30 at the ESRF. The possibility of using high X-ray energies, high brilliance of third-generation sources and a new fast imaging-plate detector interfaced to the Paris–Edinburgh large-volume press has lead to a significant reduction of acquisition time and improvement of the quality of the data. The feasibility of angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction experiments at high pressure and high temperature, even on light elements, has been demonstrated.
Single molecule actuation and detection on a lab-on-a-chip magnetoresistive platform

On-chip magnetic tweezers based on current loops were integrated with magnetoresistive sensors. Magnetic forces up to 1.0±0.3pN are produced to actuate on DNA anchored to the surface of a flow cell and labeled with micrometer-sized magnetic beads. The levitation of the beads stretches the immobilized DNA. The relative position of the magnetic beads is monitored using spin-valve sensors. A bead vertical displacement resolution of 60nm is derived for DNA molecular motor activity in a tweezer steady current regime.
First Resolution of Microlensed Images

We employ Very Large Telescope Interferometer GRAVITY to resolve, for the first time, the two images generated by a gravitational microlens. The measurements of the image separation mas, and hence the Einstein radius θE = 1.87 ± 0.03 mas, are precise. This demonstrates the robustness of the method, provided that the source is bright enough for GRAVITY (K ≲ 10.5) and the image separation is of order of or larger than the fringe spacing. When θE is combined with a measurement of the “microlens parallax” , the two will together yield the lens mass and lens–source relative parallax and proper motion. Because the source parallax and proper motion are well measured by Gaia, this means that the lens characteristics will be fully determined, whether or not it proves to be luminous. This method can be a powerful probe of dark, isolated objects, which are otherwise quite difficult to identify, much less characterize. Our measurement contradicts Einstein’s prediction that “the luminous circle [i.e., microlensed image] cannot be distinguished” from a star.
Feature selection based on max–min-associated indices for classification of remotely sensed imagery

This article proposes two novel feature selection methods for dimension reduction according to max–min-associated indices derived from Cramer's V-test coefficient. The proposed methods incrementally select features simultaneously satisfying the criteria of a statistically maximal association (A) between target labels and features and a minimal association (R) among selected features with respect to Cramer's V-test value. Two indices are developed by different combinations of the A and R conditions. One index is to maximize A/R and the other is to maximize A–λR, which are referred to as the MMAIQ and MMAIS methods, respectively. Since the proposed feature selection algorithms are feature filter methods, how to determine the best number of features is another important issue. This article adopts an information lost criterion by measuring the variation between χ2 and β statistics to optimize the number of features selected associated with the Gaussian maximal likelihood classifier (GMLC). To validate the proposed methods, experiments are conducted with both a hyperspectral image data set and a high spatial resolution image data set. The results demonstrate that the proposed methods can provide an effective tool for feature selection and improve classification accuracy significantly. Furthermore, the proposed methods with well-known feature selection methods, i.e. mutual information-based max-dependency criterion (mRMR) and sequential forward selection (SFS), are evaluated and compared. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed methods can offer better results in terms of kappa coefficient and overall classification accuracy measurements.
Recovery of 29 Second Oscillations in Hubble Space Telescope Eclipse Observations of the Cataclysmic Variable UX Ursae Majoris

Low-amplitude (≃0.5%) 29 s oscillations have been detected in Hubble Space Telescope Faint Object Spectrograph eclipse observations of the nova-like cataclysmic variable UX UMa. These are the same dwarf nova-type oscillations that were originally discovered in this system by Warner & Nather in 1972. The 29 s oscillations are seen in one pair of eclipse sequences obtained with the FOS/PRISM in 1994 November but not in a similar pair obtained with the FOS/G160L grating in August of the same year. The oscillations in the PRISM data are sinusoidal to within the small observational errors and undergo an approximately -360° phase shift during eclipses (i.e., one cycle is lost). The amplitudes are highest at preeclipse orbital phases and exhibit a rather gradual eclipse whose shape is roughly similar to, although perhaps slightly narrower than, UX UMa's overall light curve in the PRISM bandpass (2000-8000 Å). Spectra of the oscillations have been constructed from pre-, mid, and posteclipse data segments of the November observations. The spectra obtained from the out-of-eclipse segments are extremely blue, and only lower limits can be placed on the temperature of the source that dominates the modulated flux at these orbital phases. Lower limits derived from blackbody (stellar atmosphere) model fits to these data are ≥95,000 K (≥85,000 K); the corresponding upper limits on the projected area of this source are all less than 2% of the white dwarf (WD) surface area. By contrast, oscillation spectra derived from mideclipse data segments are much redder. Fits to these spectra yield temperature estimates in the range 20,000 K ≲ T ≲ 30,000 K for both blackbody and stellar atmosphere models and corresponding projected areas of a few percent of the WD surface area. These estimates are subject to revision if the modulated emission is optically thin. We suggest that the ultimate source of the oscillations is a hot, compact region near disk center, but that a significant fraction of the observed, modulated flux is due to reprocessing of the light emitted by this source in the accretion disk atmosphere. The compact source is occulted at orbital phases near mideclipse, leaving only part of the more extended reprocessing region(s) to produce the weak oscillations that persist even at conjunction. The highly sinusoidal oscillation pulse shape does not permit the identification of the compact component in this model with emission produced by a rotating disturbance in the inner disk or in a classical, equatorial boundary layer. Instead, this component could arise in a bright spot on the surface of the WD, possibly associated with a magnetic pole. However, a standard intermediate polar model can also be ruled out since UX UMa's oscillation period has been seen to change on timescales much shorter than the minimum timescale required to spin up the WD by accretion torques. A model invoking magnetically controlled accretion onto differentially rotating WD surface layers may be viable, but needs more theoretical work.
Mass-producing spectra: the SDSS spectrographic system

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey is the largest redshift survey conducted to date, and the principal survey observations have all been conducted on the dedicated SDSS 2.5m and 0.5m telescopes at Apache Point Observatory. While the whole survey has many unique features, this article concentrates on a description of the systems surrounding the dual fibre-input spectrographs that obtain all the survey spectra and that are capable of recording 5,760 individual spectra per night on an industrial, consistent, mass-production basis. It is hoped that the successes and lessons learned will prove instructive for future large spectrographic surveys.
Quantum phase transitions in the driven dissipative Jaynes-Cummings oscillator: From the dispersive regime to resonance

We follow the passage from complex amplitude bistability to phase bistability in the driven dissipative Jaynes-Cummings oscillator. Quasi-distribution functions in the steady state are employed, for varying qubit-cavity detuning and drive parameters, in order to track a first-order dissipative quantum phase transition up to the critical point marking a second-order transition and spontaneous symmetry breaking. We demonstrate the photon blockade breakdown in the dispersive regime, and find that the coexistence of cavity states in the regime of quantum bistability is accompanied by pronounced qubit-cavity entanglement. Focusing on the effect of quantum-activated switching for both coupled degrees of freedom, we move from a region of minimal entanglement in the dispersive regime, where we derive analytical perturbative results, to the threshold behaviour of spontaneous dressed-state polarization at resonance.
Utilizing Supervision Power by the “Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah” in Government Fighting Pandemic Covid-19: A Case Study Blitar Regency

This study aims to explore the role of the Blitar Regency DPRD in improving the succession of handling Covid-19 through supervision. This research uses descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were done through interviews, observation, and documentation. This study focuses on explaining the role of the Blitar Regency DPRD in supervising over the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic. The DPRD’s oversight in handling the COVID-19 pandemic is an important factor to oversee the activities of the Regional Government and to minimize the problems found in handling the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the study showed that the Blitar Regency DPRD in improving the succession of handling the COVID-19 pandemic has carried out toward intense supervision. The supervision was done both directly and indirectly. Covid-19 cases in Blitar Regency continued to experience a significant decline from September to December. Thus, it can be concluded that the Blitar Regency DPRD plays a major role in the successful handling of the pandemic through supervision. This shows that the DPRD as an institution that functions to monitor the public’s activities by the government plays a very important role to apply the policies. Therefore, the DPRD and the Regional Government need to make good synergies and coordination so that the government in Indonesia runs well.
Impact of the Interlayer Scabbing on Asphalt Pavement Performance

A full-scale experiment was conducted at the Florida Department of Transportation’s accelerated pavement testing (APT) facility to identify factors affecting the occurrence of interlayer scabbing and the impact of scabbing on pavement performances. Two experimental parameters—interlayer bonding condition of existing asphalt layers and milling thickness—were considered for the first objective. For the second objective, core specimens were obtained after the hot mix asphalt overlay on sections where scabbing was present and not present to compare their interlayer bonding strengths. In addition, APT was utilized to assess the rutting and cracking performance of the test sections. Test results indicated that the occurrence of scabbing is highly dependent on the interlayer bonding condition of the existing asphalt layers and milling depths. Once scabs form after milling, the scabs result in a weak or variable bond with the new overlay. Also, the accelerated loading using heavy vehicle simulator generated approximately 30% greater rut-depth and longitudinal cracks along the edge of the wheel path on the test sections with interlayer scabbing. In consideration of the reduced performance of the test sections with interlayer scabbing, the authors suggest preventing or removing the scabbing before the asphalt overlay.