Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First-principles calculations of the single-bonded cubic phase of nitrogen

We performed the extensive first-principles simulations for understanding of the stability of complex structures of the nonmolecular nitrogen. We found that the single-bonded cubic phase of nitrogen, so-called cubic gauche structure (cg-N), is the most stable phase among these phases in high pressure, and predicted that a phase transition of cg-N from nonmetal to metal takes place at the pressure of $600\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$. The bulk modulus, Young modulus, shear modulus, Poisson ratio, and band gap of cg-N were calculated that are quite well consistent with experimental data.
Genetic Diversity, Population Structure and Subset Development in a Sesbania sesban Collection

Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. is a multipurpose legume tree grown primarily for fodder and forage in the tropical and subtropical world. In this study, the Sesbania sesban collection maintained in the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) forage Genebank was studied using genome-wide markers generated on the DArTseq platform. Genotyping produced 84,673 and 60,626 SNP and SilicoDArT markers with a mean polymorphic information content of 0.153 and 0.123, respectively. From the generated markers, 7587 and 15,031 highly informative SNP and SilicoDArT markers, respectively, were filtered and used for genetic diversity analysis and subset development. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed higher variability ‘within’ (52.73% for SNP markers and 67.36% for SilicoDArT markers) than ‘between’ accessions. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed the presence of four main clusters in the collection. Mantel correlation analysis showed a lack of relationship between genetic variation of the germplasm and their geographical origin. A representative subset of 34 accessions containing germplasm from diverse origins and agro-ecologies was developed using SNP markers. The genetic diversity information generated in this study could be used for marker-assisted screening for stress tolerance, gap analysis and identification and acquisition of new distinct genotype(s) to broaden the genetic basis of the collection for future improvement programs to develop high-yielding, stress-tolerant varieties for enhancing food and environmental security in crop–livestock-based production systems.
Electron effective masses in 4H SiC

Results from optically detected cyclotron resonance (ODCR) studies of electron effective masses in 4H SiC are reported. ODCR measurements were performed on high‐purity n‐type 4H SiC epitaxial layers grown by chemical vapor deposition at both X band (9.23 GHz) and Q band (35.05 GHz) microwave frequencies. Electron effective masses in 4H SiC were directly determined as m⊥*=0.42m0 and m∥*=0.29m0. A scattering time in the basal plane τ⊥≊4.3×10−11 s, and hence, the corresponding electron mobility μ⊥≊1.8×105 cm2/V s, was obtained from a fit of the ODCR line shape.
Propagation of waves through magnetized plasmas in waveguides

The dispersion relation and the wavelength of microwaves required to produce [ECR] plasmas in waveguides are calculated by approximate and exact equations. The maximum values of wavelengths are found at some values of ωp2/ω2 near the plasma resonance where ωc is slightly larger than ω. Here ωp, ωc and ω are, respectively, plasma, cyclotron resonance and applied frequencies. A wave can also propagate through a high density magnetized plasma in a waveguide with an extremely small diameter.
Deconvolution for Removing the Effects of the Bubble Pulses of Explosive Charges

A disadvantage of using explosive charges in underwater acoustic experiments is the undesired influence from the bubble pulses. Considering the phenomenon under investigation as a linear system, the effect of the bubble pulses can be removed by applying the technique of deconvolution or inverse filtering. This operation can best be performed on a digital computer. By using the Fast Fourier Transform, the deconvolution operation can be conveniently done in the frequency domain considerably faster than it could be done previously. An example of deconvolution for the removal of the bubble pulses in connection with bottom‐reflection studies is demonstrated.
Large-scale and low-cost synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes by the catalytic pyrolysis of hydrocarbons

Rope-like bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) similar to those obtained by laser vaporization and electric-are techniques were synthesized on a relatively large scale and at low cost by the catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbons at a temperature of about 1200 degrees C using an improved floating catalyst method. The SWNTs thus obtained have larger diameters and are self-organized into ropes. The addition of thiophene was found to be effective in promoting the growth of SWNTs and in increasing the yield of either SWNTs or multiwalled carbon nanotubes under different growth conditions. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(98)01125-5].
Physical symmetry, spatial accuracy, and relaxation time of the lattice boltzmann equation for microgas flows

In this paper, we study systematically the physical symmetry, spatial accuracy, and relaxation time of the lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) for microgas flows in both the slip and transition regimes. We show that the physical symmetry and the spatial accuracy of the existing LBE models are inadequate for simulating microgas flows in the transition regime. Our analysis further indicates that for a microgas flow, the channel wall confinement exerts a nonlinear effect on the relaxation time, which should be considered in the LBE for modeling microgas flows.
Enhancing voltage regulation using 5‐level TCHB based DVR in radial secondary distribution feeder system

The voltage quality issues shows the significant effect on the performance of radial secondary distribution feeder. This paper aims to enhance the voltage regulation of radial secondary distribution feeder system using 5‐level TCHB inverter based dynamic voltage restorer. Series voltage drop is the major factor causes poor voltage regulation. A 5‐level TCHB inverter based DVR is used to inject the same amount of voltage dropped by series impedance. The DVR injects voltage with proper magnitude, phase and frequency with the proposed single phase PLL based SRF control circuitry. This enhances the voltage regulation by maintaining the load voltage at its rated value. Both the simulation and hardware results shows the enhancement of voltage regulation with mitigation using DVR.
Predicting the Seasonal Shift in Mosquito Populations Preceding the Onset of the West Nile Virus in Central Illinois

In the midwestern United States, the summertime rise in infection rate by the West Nile virus is associated with a seasonal shift in the abundance of two mosquito populations, Culex restuans and Culex pipiens. This seasonal shift usually precedes the time of the peak infection rate in mosquitoes by 2–3 weeks and generally occurs earlier in the summer with above normal temperatures and later in the summer with below-normal temperatures. Two empirical models were developed to predict this seasonal shift in mosquito species, or the “crossover,” and have been run operationally since 2004 by the Midwestern Regional Climate Center located at the Illinois State Water Survey. These models are based on daily temperature data and have been verified by use of a unique dataset of daily records of mosquito species abundance collected by the Illinois Natural History Survey. An unfortunate characteristic of the original temperature models was that the crossover date often was reached with little or no lead time. In 2009.
Curie Temperature, Biaxial Elastic Modulus, and Thermal Expansion Coefficient of (K,Na)NbO3 Piezoelectric Thin Films

We investigated fundamental parameters such as the Curie temperature, biaxial elastic modulus, and thermal expansion coefficient of (K,Na)NbO3 (KNN) films on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates. From the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant of the KNN films, their Curie temperature was approximately 360 °C; this value was confirmed from critical changes in the lattice parameters of the films and the stress induced in the films at approximately this temperature. By using the optical lever method, the biaxial elastic modulus and thermal expansion coefficient of the KNN films were found to be 92 GPa and 8.0×10-6 (1/°C), respectively. The fundamental properties of the KNN films were similar to those of widely used Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 films, indicating that KNN films are potential candidates for lead-free piezoelectric thin films in micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) applications.
Time-Varying Descent Rate Control Strategy for Circular Parachutes

This paper presents a time-varying control methodology for a variable-sized circular parachute to reach a target landing location. A trajectory is calculated for the immediate control horizon using wind forecast data. To create a parachute–payload trajectory, a three-degree-of-freedom kinematic model is developed. Using this, the performance envelope is determined, revealing the potential target range of the system during a descent. Next, this model is further developed into a control methodology to determine the necessary descent rate, to reach the desired landing target, to be controlled via parachute size manipulation. Finally, simulation results are presented to validate the control scheme. Various release locations were simulated with paired uncontrolled/controlled parachute descents from within the performance envelope. Results demonstrate the feasibility of the system, with controlled parachute descents actively navigating toward the target. With accurate wind data, the vehicle can overcome release.
Thermal contact resistance between graphene and silicon dioxide

The thermal contact resistance between graphene and silicon dioxide was measured using a differential 3ω method. The sample thicknesses were 1.2 (single-layer graphene), 1.5, 2.8, and 3.0 nm, as determined by atomic force microscopy. All samples exhibited approximately the same temperature trend from 42 to 310 K, with no clear thickness dependence. The contact resistance at room temperature ranges from 5.6×10−9 to 1.2×10−8 m2 K/W, which is significantly lower than previous measurements involving related carbon materials. These results underscore graphene’s potential for applications in microelectronics and thermal management structures.
FPGA Acceleration of a Composite Kernel SVM for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Hyperspectral image classification is one of the most important techniques for analyzing hyperspectral image that have hundreds of spectrum luminance values of near-infrared to visible light. For this classification, supervised learning methods are widely used, but in general, they typically trade off between their accuracy and computational complexity. Our approach is based on a composite kernel method, and the computation is simplified to achieve higher processing speeds by efficiently using the hardware resources of FPGA. The accuracy of this approach reaches 98.0% and 98.8% on two benchmark datasets, Indian Pines and Salinas via simulation, which is comparable to those in previous works. Two implementations, one with less hardware resources but more off-chip memory bandwidth, and another with more hardware resources but less off-chip memory bandwidth, are implemented on an FPGA and evaluated. The processing speeds of the two implementations are the same, which is 1.3 Mpixels/ $s$ for 2048 pixel wide images. This processing speed is fast enough for real-time processing, and faster than previous studies when normalized by hardware size and power consumption. We also introduce two more implementations that aim to reduce the on-chip memory usage of the second implementation within a reasonable increase of off-chip memory bandwidth, and we discuss which implementation is advantageous under what conditions.
The Role of Bromodomain and Extraterminal (BET) Proteins in Controlling the Phagocytic Activity of Microglia In Vitro: Relevance to Alzheimer’s Disease

The correct phagocytic activity of microglia is a prerequisite for maintaining homeostasis in the brain. In the analysis of mechanisms regulating microglial phagocytosis, we focused on the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins: Brd2, Brd3, and Brd4, the acetylation code readers that control gene expression in cooperation with transcription factors. We used pharmacological (JQ1) and genetic (siRNA) inhibition of BET proteins in murine microglial cell line BV2. Inhibition of BET proteins reduced the phagocytic activity of BV2, as determined by using a fluorescent microspheres-based assay and fluorescently labelled amyloid-beta peptides. Gene silencing experiments demonstrated that all brain-existing BET isoforms control phagocytosis in microglia. From a set of 84 phagocytosis-related genes, we have found the attenuation of the expression of 14: Siglec1, Sirpb1a, Cd36, Clec7a, Itgam, Tlr3, Fcgr1, Cd14, Marco, Pld1, Fcgr2b, Anxa1, Tnf, Nod1, upon BET inhibition. Further analysis of the mRNA level of other phagocytosis-related genes which were involved in the pathomechanism of Alzheimer’s disease demonstrated that JQ1 significantly reduced the expression of Cd33, Trem2, and Zyx. Our results indicate the important role of BET proteins in controlling microglial phagocytosis; therefore, targeting BET may be the efficient method of modulating microglial activity.
Improved particle filtering algorithm based on the multi-feature fusion for small IR target tracking

A Mean-shift Particle filtering tracking algorithm based on the multi-feature fusion has been raised in this paper. This algorithm mainly focus on the features of the high frequency histogram, fractal and the energy of the infrared small target, which directly against the defects exist in detecting the infrared small targets, such as the size of the target, the low tracking accuracy caused by the low SNR and so on. Since the particle filtering algorithm gives the advantage of multi-feature fusion, the algorithm raised in this paper combines the three features listed above and does the calculation using the particle weight to greatly improved the tracking accuracy. The clustering effect of the Mean-shift algorithm has also been applied to make the distribution of the particles more equals to the real target, which reduced the number of the particle and enhanced the real-time ability of the algorithm. The experimental results show that, this algorithm has better tracking accuracy, which gives more effectiveness in tracking the infrared small target compared to the traditional particle filtering algorithm.
Complete genome sequence of probiotic Lactobacillus johnsonii 7409N31 isolated from a healthy Hanwoo calf

Abstract Lactobacillus johnsonii 7409N31 was isolated from the feces of a healthy 11-day-old Hanwoo calf from a farm in Geochang-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. The genome of the strain was completely sequenced using the PacBio RSII sequencing system, and it was confirmed that it was composed of one circular chromosome. The size of the entire genome was 2,198,442 bp, and it had 35.01 mol% guanine + cytosine (G + C) content and 2,222 protein-coding sequences, 24 rRNA, 3 ncRNA, and 112 tRNA genes. Strain 7409N31 possessed genes encoding enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of both fibrous and non-fibrous carbohydrates. These data provide a comprehensive theoretical understanding for developing industrial probiotic feed additives that improve nutrient digestibility.
On control of planar periodic orbits

We investigate methods of reducing the size of large limit cycles using control in the case of limited actuator authority. We consider a planar nonlinear oscillatory system with bounded control. It is shown that under weak assumptions one can identify the controller that shrinks the existing limit cycles and maximizes the domain of attraction of the origin. Away from a small neighborhood of the origin, the optimal control action results in switching between the positive and negative saturation values. We illustrate the results of the paper showing how the throttle control can reduce the size of a surge limit cycle using the Greitzer compressor surge model.
Introducing the Design Thinking Approach for Teaching and Learning at Tendruk Central School in Samtse Dzongkhag

Design thinking is a human-centric, iterative, and collaborative approach to solve complex problems. Current study has made an attempt to implement design thinking (DT) as one of the pedagogical means to respond to the need for teaching, learning, and assessment and specifically, the study was intended to explore strategies to implement DT in designing and delivering lessons in the classrooms of a higher secondary school at Samtse. The study was conducted through a participatory design approach which involved co-designing lessons using DT between the researchers and teacher participants. The data for this study was obtained from observations, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and reflections. Eventually, for data analysis thematic analysis and narrative descriptions were used. As such, this study provides information that broadens the understanding of the integration of the DT approach in the classroom in the Bhutanese context, and its impact on the development of skills in students. The findings of the study unveiled that using DT empowers teachers to be innovative in planning learning activities that enable lessons to become more engaging and exciting. Further, the finding also revealed that DT assists students to develop problem-solving skills and creativity.
Time-Series Transfer Learning: An Early Stage Imbalance Fault Detection Method Based on Feature Enhancement and Improved Support Vector Data Description

Early stage fault detection plays a pivotal role in Industrial equipment accidents avoidance and scientific maintenance. While limited by the complex operation background, its application encounters with the conundrum of fault feature indistinctness. To address the challenge, a time-series transfer learning (TSTL) method is proposed, which contains two phases: first, early stage series are transferred to their corresponding serious stage for fault feature enhancement. Moreover, due to the improvement of model structure and loss function, the limitation of mismatched working condition is well-weaken. Second, a transferred fault mode recognition model is trained by using transferred normal series that provides a novel solution for data imbalance. Finally, the TSTL method is verified by actual vibration datasets of power pole tower bolts. Its superiority in feature transfer and fault detection is confirmed by several groups of comparative experiments and results demonstrate TSTL outperforms mainstream methods.
Three-Stacked CMOS Power Amplifier to Increase Output Power With Stability Enhancement for mm-Wave Beamforming Systems

In this study, an mm-wave band complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) power amplifier (PA) with a two-stage differential structure was designed. An analysis of the designed PA is presented and a new structure is proposed to eliminate the possibility of oscillation in the PA, which has high gain and high output power. The designed driver stage consists of a pair of cascode amplifiers and can be advantageously applied in beamforming systems as the PA phase is converted to 0°/180° with the ON/OFF of a common-gate (CG) bias voltage. The power stage was designed with a three-stacked structure to obtain a high output power. The stability was improved using RC and capacitive feedbacks in the power stage. We implemented the PA using the 65-nm RF CMOS process. The designed PA used supply voltages of 2.0 and 3.3 V for the driver and power stages, respectively, and its saturated output power was measured as 24.7 dBm at 22.0 GHz. In this case, $\text{P}_{\mathrm {1\,dB}}$ was 20.6 dBm and the peak power added efficiency (PAE) was 26.0%.
Steps parameters of elderly patients hospitalised for an acute medical illness in a Swiss University Hospital: a monocentric observational pilot-study.

BACKGROUND Objective mobility goals for elderly hospitalised medical patients remain debated. We therefore studied steps parameters of elderly patients hospitalised for an acute illness, to determine goals for future interventional trials and medical practice. METHODS Observational study conducted from February to November 2018 in a medical ward of the Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland. We measured the step parameters of consecutive medical patients aged ≥65 years admitted for an acute medical illness using a wrist accelerometer (Geneactiv). We also collected demographic, somatic and functional factors. RESULTS Overall, 187 inpatients had their step parameters (daily step count, walking cadence and bout duration) measured with accelerometers worn for a mean of 3.6 days (standard deviation [SD] 3.2). Elderly inpatients (81.5 years, SD 8.5) walked a median of 603 steps daily (interquartile range [IQR] 456-809), at a median cadence of 100 steps/minute (IQR 99-101) with median walking bouts of 33 seconds (IQR 27-37) and with 70% of the walking bouts lasting less than 30 seconds. Patients walking ≥600 steps were younger (80.4 years, SD 8.9 vs 82.8 years,SD 7.9, p = 0.050) and had a longer length of stay (7.8 days, SD 5.1 vs 6.1 days, SD 4.1, p = 0.011) than those walking <600 steps. Patients at high risk of bed sores walked less (564 steps, IQR 394-814 vs 626, IQR 526-840) than those with a lower risk of sores. CONCLUSION During a hospitalisation for an acute medical illness, patients aged ≥65 years walk a mere 603 steps daily and most of the time for periods of less than 30 seconds. This information should be used to build up future interventional trials or to set mobility goals for patients hospitalised in Swiss hospitals.
Joint modelling of longitudinal and repeated time-to-event data using nonlinear mixed-effects models and the stochastic approximation expectation–maximization algorithm

We propose a nonlinear mixed-effects framework to jointly model longitudinal and repeated time-to-event data. A parametric nonlinear mixed-effects model is used for the longitudinal observations and a parametric mixed-effects hazard model for repeated event times. We show the importance for parameter estimation of properly calculating the conditional density of the observations (given the individual parameters) in the presence of interval and/or right censoring. Parameters are estimated by maximizing the exact joint likelihood with the stochastic approximation expectation–maximization algorithm. This workflow for joint models is now implemented in the Monolix software, and illustrated here on five simulated and two real datasets.