Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mitigating Vulnerabilities in 3-Factor Based Authentication

Remote user authentication schemes are use to identify a user in the distributed environment. There are three different factors commonly use for authentication purpose named as password, smart card and biometric. It is been observed that authentication protocols designed till date are based on password. Normally, password is used as a first authentication factor, where as other two factors are included according to the level of security requirements. In this paper, analysis of 3-factor based protocols is done on the basis of wrong password input and stolen smart card vulnerabilities. Paper also suggest the improvements to control these vulnerabilities.
A New Least Squares Subspace Projection Approach to Unmix Hyperspectral Data

Linearly constrained discriminant analysis (LCDA) and orthogonal subspace projection (OSP) are both explored in hyperspectral image classification and have shown promise in signature detection, discrimination and classification. However, the two subspace projection approaches cannot directly estimate the signature abundance. The OSP has been extended by a least squares orthogonal subspace projection (LSOSP) to estimate the signature abundance while LCDA has not. The solution of LCDA turns out to be a constrained version of OSP implemented with a data whitening process and the means of samples as signatures. Due to this fact, following the same idea for extending OSP to LSOSP, in this paper, a modified linearly constrained discriminant analysis (MLCDA) is proposed for unmixing hyperspectral data, which can directly estimate the signature abundance. Experiment results obtained from both artificial simulated and practical remote sensing data demonstrate that the MLCDA algorithm performs better than least squares method and the LSOSP.
Architecture of the Bacteroides cellulosolvens Cellulosome: Description of a Cell Surface-Anchoring Scaffoldin and a Family 48 Cellulase

ABSTRACT A large gene downstream of the primary Bacteroides cellulosolvens cellulosomal scaffoldin (cipBc, now renamed scaA) was sequenced. The gene, termed scaB, contained an N-terminal leader peptide followed by 10 type I cohesins, an “X” domain of unknown structure and function, and a C-terminal S-layer homology (SLH) surface-anchoring module. In addition, a previously identified gene in a different part of the genome, encoding for a dockerin-borne family 48 cellulosomal glycoside hydrolase (Cel48), was sequenced completely, and a putative cellulosome-related family 9 glycosyl hydrolase was detected. Recombinant fusion proteins, comprising dockerins derived from either the ScaA scaffoldin or Cel48, were overexpressed. Their interaction with ScaA and ScaB cohesins was examined by immunoassay. The results indicated that the ScaB type I cohesin of the new anchoring protein binds selectively to the ScaA dockerin, whereas the Cel48 dockerin binds specifically to the type II ScaA cohesin 5. Thus, by virtue of the 11 type II ScaA cohesins and the 10 type I ScaB cohesins, the relatively simple two-component cellulosome-integrating complex would potentially incorporate 110 enzyme molecules onto the cell surface via the ScaB SLH module. Compared to previously described cellulosome systems, the apparent roles of the B. cellulosolvens cohesins are reversed, in that the type II cohesins are located on the enzyme-binding primary scaffoldin, whereas the type I cohesins are located on the anchoring scaffoldin. The results underscore the extensive diversity in the supramolecular architecture of cellulosome systems in nature.
Are we underestimating diabetes-related lower-extremity amputation rates? Results and benefits of the first prospective study.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to accurately determine the incidence of lower-extremity amputation using prospective data collection and to compare the results with those obtained by retrospective methods. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study was carried out over a 3-year period in a large district general hospital covering a clearly defined and relatively static population. All diabetic inpatients with foot problems were identified and followed-up until discharge or death. The demographic and admission details, medical history, investigations, procedures, and history and etiology of the foot lesion were collected twice weekly by a specialist nurse and podiatrist from all relevant wards. Thus, all subjects who underwent amputation could be identified. For comparison, retrospective data were collected from the hospital coding activities database, operating theater log books, anesthetic database, and limb-fitting records. RESULTS The total population of the region in 2000 was 337,859, of which 9,183 were known to have diabetes. The total number of amputations during the 3-year survey period was 79, of which 45 were major and 34 minor. In our local population, the mean incidence during the survey period (1997-2000) equates to 7.8/100,000 general population and 2.85/1,000 diabetic population for all amputations, 4.5/100,000 general population and 1.62/1,000 diabetic population for major amputations, and 3.3/100,000 general population and 1.23/1,000 diabetic population for minor amputations. The prospective survey detected all lower-extremity amputations identified by the various retrospective methods; however, for the reverse, this was not the case. All of the retrospective methods, including the most commonly used (ICD-9 and OPCS-4 coding), failed to detect all of the cases revealed by the prospective survey (error rate ranging from 4.2 to 90.6%), and between 4.5 and 17.4% of amputations were misclassified. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the advantages of prospective data collection as a means of determining the incidence of lower-extremity amputations and highlights the limitations of retrospective data collection methods, which underestimate the incidence. In particular, the operating theater records, which have been the gold standard for many surveys, were found to be unreliable. Moreover, we have shown a 47% reduction in the major amputations during the survey period. Thus, we recommend that a prospective audit be incorporated into the activities of the specialist foot care team as a means of assessing and improving clinical care.
Guarantor and reputation based trust model for Social Internet of Things

The addition of social networking to Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the paradigm of Social Internet of Things (SIoT). It is where digital devices called objects mimic the social behavior of their human counterparts and build up social relationships with other objects in order to provide services to the humans. One of the obstacles in realizing this idea is trust management. The most complex question in trust building is `How can objects trust the information provided by other objects? ' This paper proposes a new trust model based on Guarantor and Reputation for SIoT. The former requests an object to find a guarantor at an agreed commission rate in order to get service from another object; the latter uses reputation of a node to measure its trustworthiness. By simulating this model using an architecture based on real world scenarios, it was concluded that the trust model can be employed in different scenarios in SIoT and the use of penalties for malicious activity enables the model to detect and isolate malicious nodes.
Exploiting Named Entity Mentions Towards Code Mixed IR : Working Notes for the UB system submission for MSIR@FIRE-2016

A sizable percentage of online user generated content is susceptible to code switching and code mixing owing to a variety of reasons. Thus, an expected consequence is that adhoc user queries on such data are also inherently code mixed. This paper thus presents our solution for a similar scenario : information retrieval on code mixed Hindi-English tweets. We explore techniques in information extraction, clustering and query expansion as part of this work and present our results on the test dataset. Our system achieved a MAP of 0.0217 on the test set and placed third on the rankings. CCS Concepts •Information systems→Multilingual and cross-lingual retrieval; •Computing methodologies→Natural language processing;
Growth of five hybrid poplar genotypes exposed to interacting elevated CO 2 and O 3

A wide variety of hybrid poplar clones are being introduced for intensive culture biomass production, but the potential clonal or genotypic response to increasing tropospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3), and their interactions are unknown. To study these effects, we exposed five different hybrid Populus clones to increased concentrations of CO2, O3, and CO2 + O3 in open-top chambers for one growing season and determined growth responses. Exposure to elevated CO2 increased height growth, dry mass, and basal area; exposure to O3 decreased all three of these growth responses. Exposure impact differed among the different plant parts (leaf, stem, and roots) and among the clones. These differences were associated with different growth strategies or carbon allocation patterns inherent in the different clones. The fastest growing clones had the greatest response to O3 treatment. The addition of CO2 to the O3 exposure counteracted the negative impact of O3 in all plant components except leaf mass (e.g., CO2 .
The Influence of Magnetic Field on Oscillations in the Solar Chromosphere

Two sequences of solar images obtained by the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer in three UV passbands are studied using wavelet and Fourier analysis and compared to the photospheric magnetic flux measured by the Michelson Doppler Interferometer on the Solar Heliospheric Observatory to study wave behavior in differing magnetic environments. Wavelet periods show deviations from the theoretical cutoff value and are interpreted in terms of inclined fields. The variation of wave speeds indicates that a transition from dominant fast-magnetoacoustic waves to slow modes is observed when moving from network into plages and umbrae. This implies preferential transmission of slow modes into the upper atmosphere, where they may lead to heating or be detected in coronal loops and plumes.
Self-aware, Evolving Eternal Systems

Few real software systems are built completely from scratch nowadays. Instead, systems are built iteratively and incrementally, while integrating and interacting with components from many other systems. These systems also last longer than their developers might imagine —- they are, in effect, eternal. Nevertheless the platforms, tools and environments we use to develop software are still largely based on an outmoded model that presupposes that software systems are closed and will not significantly evolve after deployment. We claim that in order to enable effective and graceful evolution of eternal systems, we must make them self-aware. A self-aware eternal system supports evolution by: (i) providing explicit, first-class models of software artifacts, change and history at the level of the platform, (ii) continuously analysing static and dynamic evolution to track emergent properties, and (iii) closing the gap between the domain model and the developers' view of the evolving system. We outline our vision of self-aware eternal systems and identify the research challenges to realizing this vision.
Quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease

AIM: To compare the dimensions of quality of life in the stages of chronic kidney disease and the influence of sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory data. INTRODUCTION: The information available on the quality of life of patients on conservative treatment and the relationship between the quality of life and glomerular filtration rate is limited. METHODS: 155 patients in stages 1–5 of chronic kidney disease and 36 in hemodialysis were studied. Quality of life was rated by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-Item (SF-36) and functional status by the Karnofsky Performance Scale. Clinical, laboratory and sociodemographic variables were investigated. RESULTS: Quality of life decreased in all stages of kidney disease. A reduction in physical functioning, physical role functioning and in the physical component summary was observed progressively in the different stages of kidney disease. Individuals with higher educational level who were professionally active displayed higher physical component summary values, whereas men and those with a higher income presented better mental component summary values. Older patients performed worse on the physical component summary and better on the mental component summary. Hemoglobin levels correlated with higher physical component summary values and the Karnofsky scale. Three or more comorbidities had an impact on the physical dimension. CONCLUSION: Quality of life is decreased in renal patients in the early stages of disease. No association was detected between the stages of the disease and the quality of life. It was possible to establish sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory risk factors for a worse quality of life in this population.
Detecting and Characterizing the Highly Divergent Plastid Genome of the Nonphotosynthetic Parasitic Plant Hydnora visseri (Hydnoraceae)

Plastid genomes of photosynthetic flowering plants are usually highly conserved in both structure and gene content. However, the plastomes of parasitic and mycoheterotrophic plants may be released from selective constraint due to the reduction or loss of photosynthetic ability. Here we present the greatly reduced and highly divergent, yet functional, plastome of the nonphotosynthetic holoparasite Hydnora visseri (Hydnoraceae, Piperales). The plastome is 27 kb in length, with 24 genes encoding ribosomal proteins, ribosomal RNAs, tRNAs, and a few nonbioenergetic genes, but no genes related to photosynthesis. The inverted repeat and the small single copy region are only approximately 1.5 kb, and intergenic regions have been drastically reduced. Despite extreme reduction, gene order and orientation are highly similar to the plastome of Piper cenocladum, a related photosynthetic plant in Piperales. Gene sequences in Hydnora are highly divergent and several complementary approaches using the highest possible sensitivity were required for identification and annotation of this plastome. Active transcription is detected for all of the protein-coding genes in the plastid genome, and one of two introns is appropriately spliced out of rps12 transcripts. The whole-genome shotgun read depth is 1,400× coverage for the plastome, whereas the mitochondrial genome is covered at 40× and the nuclear genome at 2×. Despite the extreme reduction of the genome and high sequence divergence, the presence of syntenic, long transcriptionally active open-reading frames with distant similarity to other plastid genomes and a high plastome stoichiometry relative to the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes suggests that the plastome remains functional in H. visseri. A four-stage model of gene reduction, including the potential for complete plastome loss, is proposed to account for the range of plastid genomes in nonphotosynthetic plants.
Quality of Service Networking for Smart Grid Distribution Monitoring

In order to realize the Smart Grid vision, it is necessary to have guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) for the communication and networking technology used in various stages of the Smart Grid, ranging from power generation, transmission, distribution, to the customer applications. The low cost wireless protocols such as Zigbee (using IEEE 802.15.4 defined physical and MAC layer) and Bluetooth (IEEE802.15.1) are especially useful for the power distribution system monitoring and customer applications. However, they do not support QoS and typically have a short propagation distance. In this paper, we propose to add the QoS into these low cost protocols by providing differentiated service for traffic of different priority at the MAC layer and use Zigbee as an example. Our analytical delay model and simulation results show that the proposed QoS enhancement can improve the delay and goodput of the network, thus ensuring the reliability, availability, and performance of a Smart Grid distribution monitoring and control.
Ald Ebaran: a Tool for Veriication of Communicating Processes

Ald ebaran is a tool for verifying communicating systems, represented as labeled transition systems. Veriication techniques are based on the comparison of two labeled transition systems according to an equivalence relation. Strong bisimulation, weak bisimula-tion, acceptance model equivalence and safety equivalence are supported by Ald ebaran. Communicating systems are described hierarchically by parallel composition of processes. Synchronization (or communications) between labeled transition systems set in parallel are determined by a synchronization algebra. To allow partial synchrony, a restriction operator is deened. To verify external speciication, an abstract mechanism is used. A major goal of the tool is to provide diierent equivalence relations and eecient algorithms implementing these.
An Improved Collaborative Method for Recommendation and Rating Prediction

User-Item matrix (UI matrix) has been widely used in recommendation systems for data representation. However, as the amount of users and items increases, UI matrix becomes very sparse, which leads to unsatisfactory performance in traditional recommendation algorithms. To address this problem, in this paper, a rating prediction method with low sensitivity to sparse datasets is proposed. This method incorporates tag information and factor analysis approach that has been successfully applied in various areas, to discover the most similar top-N users based on the similarity of users' inner idiosyncrasies. Based on the most similar top-N users discovered, an improved collaborative filtering method is designed for rating prediction and recommendation. Extensive experiments have been done for comparing the proposed method with traditional collaborative filtering and the matrix factorization methods. The results demonstrate that our proposed method can achieve better accuracy, and it is less sensitive to sparseness of datasets.
Terrorism as Process Narratives: A Study of Pre-Arrest Media Usage and the Emergence of Pathways to Engagement

ABSTRACT Terrorism is a highly irregular form of crime where multiple factors combine to create circumstances that are unique to each case of involvement, or attempted involvement, in terrorist violence. Yet, there are commonalities in the way in which efforts to become involved unfold as processes, reflected as sequential developments where different forces combine to create conditions where individuals seek to plan acts of violence. The best way to frame this involvement is through analytical approaches that highlight these procedural dimensions but are equally sensitive to the nuances of each case. Analysing pre-arrest media usage of convicted terrorists, this paper focuses on the ways in which belief pathways and operational pathways interact in five distinct cases of terrorist involvement in the UK in what are termed “process narratives. ”
The pupil’s response to illusory nearness.

The size of the pupil decreases when the eye focusses on a nearby object. Enright (1987) investigated if the near-far response similarly occurs when viewing illusory 3D images in a 2D surface. His observations of the pupillary response were “decidedly not typical”. Furthermore, it was shown that covertly shifting attention towards light or dark areas elicits a pupil response (Mathot et al., 2013). To investigate if the pupils’ near-far reflex occurs when subjects are viewing illusory 3D images on a flat 2D surface, we conducted an experiment with 30 human participants. Subjects viewed illusory 3D objects on a computer screen while we recorded pupil size with and Eyelink camera. On each trial, 2D renderings of 3D objects were shown close by and far away, on either side of the center. Subjects responded to a target line segment briefly appearing in one of the objects by indicating if the line segment tilted left or right. To direct the subject’s attention to either the far-away or close-by object, an arrow appeared right before the target. In the “eyes fixed” condition subjects were instructed to not move their eyes away from the center but covertly shift their attention towards the cued object, in the “eyes free” condition they shifted their gaze. Pupils were relatively small when subjects viewed the near object in comparison to viewing the far object. However, this was only true in the “eyes free” condition. No significant difference was observed when attention was covertly directed towards near or far objects in the “eyes fixed” condition. We conclude that the pupil near-far response occurs when viewing illusory 3D objects on 2D surfaces, at least when directly looking at the objects.
[Effectiveness of intensive group psychotherapy in treatment of neurotic and personality disorders].

AIM The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of intensive (150 - 210 sessions), short-term (10 - 14 weeks) group psychotherapy in the treatment of neurotic disorders, and selected personality disorders. METHODS The study involved 145 patients treated in day hospital due to neurotic disorders and selected personality disorders. The measurements were performed twice - at the beginning and at the end of hospitalization. The effectiveness of psychotherapy in the reduction of symptoms of neurotic disorders was measured with symptom checklist "0". The change in the severity of personality traits characteristic for neurotic disorders was examined using Neurotic Personality Questionnaire KON-2006. RESULTS A significant reduction in symptoms of neurotic disorders was found in 84% of patients (85,7% women and 80,8% men). 70,3% of the examined patients obtained in the measurement at the end of treatment results indicating the level of severity of neurotic disorders symptoms below the cutoff point separating population of healthy individuals from patients. A significant reduction in the severity of personality traits characteristically occurring in patients suffering from neurotic disorders was found in 76% of patients (74.5% women and 78.7% men). 42.8% of the examined patients obtained in the measurement at the end of the treatment the value of neurotic personality traits index (X-KON) typical for healthy population. CONCLUSIONS Intensive, short-term group psychotherapy with elements of individual therapy is an effective treatment for neurotic disorders. The majority of treated persons obtains a significant symptomatic improvement and a reduction in the severity of neurotic personality traits.