Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunocytochemical mapping of 1B236, a brain-specific neuronal polypeptide deduced from the sequence of a cloned mRNA

The 318-amino acid, carboxy-terminal sequence of the putative brain- specific polypeptide 1B236 was deduced from the nucleotide sequence of its cloned brain-specific mRNA. Antisera raised against selected synthetic peptide fragments of this protein were used to map the cellular location of the presumptive gene product in the brains of normal or colchicine-pretreated adult rats. Antisera directed against any of three C-terminally located, but nonoverlapping, nonhomologous, synthetic peptide segments (P5, P6, or P7) produced virtually identical maps of intensely immunoreactive neuropil staining. The immunoreactivity was distributed heterogeneously and was most pronounced within olfactory, somatosensory, and limbic systems, and was more modest in certain motor and auditory structures. In colchicine- pretreated rats, large, multipolar perikarya were observed within the amygdala, caudate-putamen, cingulate, parietal, and piriform cortices, as well as in particular diencephalic and pontine nuclei. Smaller immunoreactive neurons with more limited dendritic extensions were observed in the olfactory bulb, the cerebellar cortex, and the dorsal horn and intermediolateral cell columns of the spinal cord. No immunoreactivity was observed in visceral structures innervated by the autonomic nervous system or in non-neural tissues. In addition to the virtually superimposable maps produced by antisera to all three synthetic fragments selected from the C-terminus of 1B236, some uniquely reactive sites were seen. Antisera to the most N-terminal of the three synthetic immunogens (P5) were reactive with neurons of the medial trapezoid nucleus and in nerve terminals surrounding the deep cerebellar nuclei. Antisera against the most C-terminal synthetic immunogen (P7) were reactive with neurons of the paraventricular and supraoptic hypothalamic nuclei. These data demonstrate that the 1B236 protein is located within selected neuronal elements within functionally related cellular circuits established more formally by other methods. Our data show that protein 1B236-immunoreactive cells share at least the expression of this protein and suggest that these cells may also be related epigenetically or evolutionarily. These data, together with other subcellular, ultrastructural, and electrophysiological properties of 1B236, suggest that this protein could be considered as a prohormone capable of yielding several final candidate transmitter products.
Chapter 12 COGNITION IN SPATIAL DISPERSION GAMES

In common-interest spatial-dispersion games the agents’ common goal is to choose distinct locations. We experimentally investigate the role of cognition in such games and compare it with the role of cognition in spatial matching games. In our setup cognition matters because agents may be differentially aware of the dispersion opportunities that are created by the history of the game. We ask whether cognitive constraints limit the agents’ ability to achieve dispersion and, if there is dispersion, whether these constraints affect the mode by which agents achieve dispersion. Our main finding is that strategic interaction magnifies the role of cognitive constraints. Specifically, with cognitive constraints, pairs of agents fail to solve a dispersion problem that poses little or no problem for individual agents playing against themselves. When we remove the cognitive constraints in our design, pairs of agents solve the same problem just as well as individuals do. In addition, we find that when playing against themselves agents do not change the mode by which they solve the dispersion problem when our design removes the cognitive constraints.
Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 3 (SFRP3) Is Required for Tumorigenesis of PAX3–FOXO1-Positive Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma

Purpose: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a soft tissue sarcoma associated with the skeletal muscle lineage. Of the two predominant subtypes, known as embryonal (eRMS) and alveolar (aRMS), aRMS has the poorer prognosis, with a five-year survival rate of <50%. The majority of aRMS tumors express the fusion protein PAX3–FOXO1. As PAX3–FOXO1 has proven chemically intractable, this study aims to identify targetable proteins that are downstream from or cooperate with PAX3–FOXO1 to support tumorigenesis. Experimental Design: Microarray analysis of the transcriptomes of human skeletal muscle myoblasts expressing PAX3–FOXO1 revealed alteration of several Wnt pathway gene members, including secreted frizzled related protein 3 (SFRP3), a secreted Wnt pathway inhibitor. Loss-of-function using shRNAs against SFRP3 was used to interrogate the role of SFRP3 in human aRMS cell lines in vitro and conditional murine xenograft systems in vivo. The combination of SFRP3 genetic suppression and the chemotherapeutic agent vincristine was also examined. Results: In vitro, suppression of SFRP3 inhibited aRMS cell growth, reduced proliferation accompanied by a G1 arrest and induction of p21, and induced apoptosis. In vivo, doxycycline-inducible suppression of SFRP3 reduced aRMS tumor growth and weight by more than three-fold, in addition to increasing myogenic differentiation and β-catenin signaling. The combination of SFRP3 suppression and vincristine was more effective at reducing aRMS cell growth in vitro than either treatment alone, and ablated tumorigenesis in vivo. Conclusions: SFRP3 is necessary for the growth of human aRMS cells both in vitro and in vivo and is a promising new target for investigation in aRMS. Clin Cancer Res; 21(21); 4868–80. ©2015 AACR.
Concepts, cultures and comparisons. PISA and the double German discontentment

This paper analysis the emergence of the lively or even fierce public and academic discussion on PISA in Germany, which he explains as a clash of two very different cultural self-understandings. To begin with the author clarifies the relationship between three fundamental concepts which lie at the heart of the debate in Germany: competence, Bildung and knowledge. The attempt by some German PISA experts to mate competence and Bildung has caused major irritation and raised scepticism in Germany. At the background of this conflict lies, according to the author, a ‘clash of cultures’ between American pragmatism on the one hand and the German concept of Bildung on the other. Bildung resists being operationalized, is meta-useful and is, finally, unmeasurable. The author interprets the German PISA dispute as a double discontent. On the one hand PISA is calling into question the traditional German concept of Bildung by focusing on the outer world (‘to meet real-life challenges’) rather than focusing on the development of the inner world (Personlichkeit). On the other hand the PISA results also irritate the PISA experts who had to realize how little their educational project of the harmonious “One World” of free, globally interacting and economically secure citizens had been realized. This is particularly true for Germany, where poor national unity and coherence was greatest, indicated by the vast differences between the PISA results of the immigrant and native students.
Ubiquitous computing within cars: designing controls for non-visual use

Increasingly, computing and communications-based technologies are being implemented within cars. There is a need for fundamental research and development to ensure that the control interfaces for future cars require minimal visual demands. The needs, abilities and preferences of drivers (in particular older drivers) are clearly a prime focus, as part of a user-centred design approach. In addition, it is argued that much can be learnt from the experience and strategies adopted by people who are blind or have low vision (a non-user group). The paper sets out a number of research questions regarding the inclusion of such people in the design process of future automobiles.
Social identity and the perception of history: Cultural representations of Aotearoa/New Zealand.

The context of intergroup relations in Aotearoa/New Zealand was investigated using perceptions of history by Maori (Polynesian-descended) and Pakeha (European-descended) samples from university and the general public. There was strong consensus that the Treaty of Waitangi was the most important event in New Zealand's history, but only Maori, the subordinate ethnic group, showed in-group favouritism in their judgments regarding the Treaty. Pakeha, the dominant group, showed outgroup favouritism, and distanced themselves from past injustices using linguistic strategies. Maori students showed interest in their ethnic origins (ontogeny), rating the distant past and Polynesian history higher, and free-recalling more events prior to European arrival than other groups; Maori in the general population shared a more similar perception of history to Pakeha. Both in-group favouritism and ontogeny were found in sentence-completion choices. Historical perceptions were strongly related to positions on current political issues. Results are related to social identity theory, social representations theory, and social dominance theory. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perinatal Eexposure to Cadmium Affects Neurobehavioural Development and Anxiety - Like Behaviour in Rat Offspring

Cadmium is a known industrial and environmental pollutant. The present study was conducted to assess the potential influence of maternal cadmium (Cd) exposure on postnatal development and neuromotor maturation in offspring rats. Moreover, locomotors activity and anxiety - like behavior was also monitored post weaning. Cadmium chloride in doses of 0 , 5, 50 mg / L was administered orally in drinking water to pregnant rats from the 7 th day of pregnancy till weaning of these pups at 30 days of age . All the females were allowed to deliver and wean their offspring. The pups were evaluated for physical development and neuromotor maturation (Reflexes). Also, open- field activity and anxiety- like behavior in elevated plus maze (EPM) were determined at weaning age of young rats. The results revealed that, birth weight of pups exposed to high doses of Cd was decreased relative to controls. A delay in some developmental landmarks (incisor eruption, vagina opening, testes descent) due to maternal cadmium exposure was also noticed pups. Moreover, a delay in neuromotor development (neonatal reflexes) and poor motor coordination was recorded in Cdcl2 exposed neonates. Cadmium - exposed offspring showed hyperactivity in open field test presented by increased horizontal locomotion. Anxiogenic effect of cadmium was evidently observed during open -field and elevated plus maze tests. Our results strongly suggest that maternal exposure to Cdcl2 in high doses has detrimental effects on the physical maturation & reflexes of neonate rats as well as anxiety - like behavior. (Mervat M. Kamel, Abeer H. Abd El Razek Perinatal Eexposure to Cadmium Affects Neurobehavioural Development and Anxiety - Like Behaviour in Rat Offspring. Life Science Journal. 2011; 8(4):529 -536) (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com.
McUniversities revisited: a comparison of university and McDonald's casual employee experiences in Australia

The McDonaldization of higher education refers to the transformation of universities from knowledge generators to rational service organizations or ‘McUniversities’. This is reflected in the growing dependence on a casualized academic workforce. The article explores the extent to which the McDonaldization thesis applies to universities by comparing the experiences of casual academics with those of McDonald's employees. Survey and interview findings from an Australian university are compared with Gould's research on McDonald's casual employees in Australia. Aside from their employment status, the two groups have nothing in common. McDonald's employees experience routine work organization with good management and career prospects while casual academics experience stimulating work within a context of poor management and lack of career paths. This article questions the accuracy of applying the McDonaldization thesis to higher education based on the failure of the McJobs descriptor to withstand empirical scrutiny.
Childhood upper respiratory tract infections: to what degree is incidence affected by day-care attendance?

Risk factors for acute upper respiratory tract disease in childhood were evaluated in a population-based sample of the Atlanta metropolitan area. Mothers from 449 households containing 575 children less than 5 years of age were selected by random-digit dialing and questioned about upper respiratory tract infection and ear infection occurring in their children during the preceding 2 weeks. Household demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, maternal smoking history and child day-care attendance and breast-feeding information were also obtained. For children less than 5 years of age, the reported incidence of upper respiratory tract infection was 24%, and of ear infection, 6%. Controlling for the other variables measured, day-care attendance was associated with a significantly increased risk of both illnesses. For upper respiratory tract infection, increased risk was present for all children attending day care (P = .02, odds ratio = 1.6), whereas for ear infection, risk could be demonstrated only for full-time attendees (P = .005, odds ratio = 3.8). Maternal smoking was a second independent risk factor for a child's having upper respiratory tract infection (odds ratio = 1.7, P = .01). Thirty-one percent of all upper respiratory tract infection among day-care attendees and 66% of all ear infections among full-time day-care attendees were attributable to day-care attendance. Given the proportion of children in day care, 9% to 14% of the total burden of upper respiratory tract disease in this population was day care related. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
AppATP: An Energy Conserving Adaptive Mobile-Cloud Transmission Protocol

Many mobile applications require frequent wireless transmissions between the content provider and mobile devices, consuming much energy in mobile devices. Motivated by the popularity of prefetch-friendly or delay-tolerant apps (e.g., social networking, app updates, cloud storage), we design and implement an application-layer transmission protocol, AppATP, which leverages cloud computing to manage data transmissions for mobile apps, transferring data to and from mobile devices in an energy efficient manner. Measurements show that significantly amount of energy is consumed by mobile devices during poor connectivity. Based on this observation, AppATP adaptively seizes periods of good bandwidth condition to prefetch frequently used data with minimum energy consumption, while deferring delay-tolerant data during poor network connectivity. Using the stochastic control framework, AppATP only relies on the current network information and data queue sizes to make an online decision on transmission scheduling, and performs well under unpredictable wireless network conditions. We implement AppATP on Samsung Note 2 smartphones and Amazon EC2. Results from both trace-driven simulations and extensive real-world experiments show that AppATP can be applied to a variety of application scenarios while achieving 30-50 percent energy savings for mobile devices.
The Tarnished Star

When a secret tape of an executive meeting surfaced, Texaco was accused of racism. A memorable sound bite referred to African Americans as “black jelly beans” who were “glued to the bottom of the jar”. This study examines management’s response to this image crisis. Peter Bijur, chair of Texaco, disseminated six messages enacting four image restoration strategies: bolstering, corrective action, mortification, and shifting the blame. However, the blame was not transferred to an external entity but to a subgroup of the accused (a small group of employees characterized as “bad apples”). For this strategy to be effective, the target group must be identified and clearly distanced (separated) from the rhetor engaging in image repair.
Wolbachia Infection Reduces Blood-Feeding Success in the Dengue Fever Mosquito, Aedes aegypti

Background The mosquito Aedes aegypti was recently transinfected with a life-shortening strain of the endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis (wMelPop) as the first step in developing a biocontrol strategy for dengue virus transmission. In addition to life-shortening, the wMelPop-infected mosquitoes also exhibit increased daytime activity and metabolic rates. Here we sought to quantify the blood-feeding behaviour of Wolbachia-infected females as an indicator of any virulence or energetic drain associated with Wolbachia infection. Methodology/Principal Findings In a series of blood-feeding trials in response to humans, we have shown that Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes do not differ in their response time to humans, but that as they age they obtain fewer and smaller blood meals than Wolbachia-uninfected controls. Lastly, we observed a behavioural characteristic in the Wolbachia infected mosquitoes best described as a “bendy” proboscis that may explain the decreased biting success. Conclusions/Significance Taken together the evidence suggests that wMelPop infection may be causing tissue damage in a manner that intensifies with mosquito age and that leads to reduced blood-feeding success. These behavioural changes require further investigation with respect to a possible physiological mechanism and their role in vectorial capacity of the insect. The selective decrease of feeding success in older mosquitoes may act synergistically with other Wolbachia-associated traits including life-shortening and viral protection in biocontrol strategies.
Adaptive fuzzy-valued service selection

Service composition concerns both integration of heterogeneous distributed applications and dynamic selection of services. QoS-aware selection enables a service requester with certain QoS requirements to classify services according to their QoS guarantees. In this paper we present a method that allows for a fuzzy-valued description of QoS parameters. Fuzzy sets are suited to specify both the QoS preferences raised by a service requester such as 'response time must be as lower as possible and cannot be more that 1000ms' and approximate estimates a provider can make on the QoS capabilities of its services like 'availability is roughly between 95% and 99%'. We propose a matchmaking procedure based on a fuzzy-valued similarity measure that, given the specifications of QoS parameters of the requester and the providers, selects the most appropriate service among several functionally-equivalent ones. We also devise a method for dynamical update of service offers by means of runtime monitoring of the actual QoS performance.
YouProve: authenticity and fidelity in mobile sensing

As more services have come to rely on sensor data such as audio and photos collected by mobile phone users, verifying the authenticity of this data has become critical for service correctness. At the same time, clients require the flexibility to tradeoff the fidelity of the data they contribute for resource efficiency or privacy. This paper describes YouProve, a partnership between a mobile device's trusted hardware and software that allows untrusted client applications to directly control the fidelity of data they upload and services to verify that the meaning of source data is preserved. The key to our approach is trusted analysis of derived data, which generates statements comparing the content of a derived data item to its source. Experiments with a prototype implementation for Android demonstrate that YouProve is feasible. Our photo analyzer is over 99% accurate at identifying regions changed only through meaning-preserving modifications such as cropping, compression, and scaling. Our audio analyzer is similarly accurate at detecting which sub-clips of a source audio clip are present in a derived version, even in the face of compression, normalization, splicing, and other modifications. Finally, performance and power costs are reasonable, with analyzers having little noticeable effect on interactive applications and CPU-intensive analysis completing asynchronously in under 70 seconds for 5-minute audio clips and under 30 seconds for 5-megapixel photos.
The Design Model of GIS Application Database in Irrigation District

The building of conceptual model of spatial information data and designing structure of transaction database are two main jobs in process of GIS application database design. Whether select right data concept model and database structure design method or not is the key problem of database design. An analysis mode for GIS database design called two-order analysis mode is analyzed and adopted, one is to build the bottom spatial data model of GIS database with the object-oriented integrity data model, and the other is to design applied database structure with the semantic object model. The method of representing the object-oriented integrity data model with UML and pictogram is presented and the semantic object model is also build with UML in order to be consistent with the object-oriented integrity data model. A practical design as an example testifies the feasibility of the mode and its representation.
Enzyme Immobilization: The Quest for Optimum Performance

Immobilization is often the key to optimizing the operational performance of an enzyme in industrial processes, particularly for use in non-aqueous media. Different methods for the immobilization of enzymes are critically reviewed. The methods are divided into three main categories, viz. (i) binding to a prefabricated support (carrier), (ii) entrapment in organic or inorganic polymer matrices, and (iii) cross-linking of enzyme molecules. Emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports, e.g., mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, novel entrapment methods and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).
BILATERAL INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY ANEURYSM SIMULATING PITUITARY APOPLEXY: CASE REPORT

OBJECTIVEIntracavernous internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms can extend into the sella and simulate pituitary adenomas. However, they are rarely associated with pituitary apoplexy. We present a rare case of bilateral intracavernous ICA aneurysms simulating a sellar mass with the clinical picture of a pituitary apoplexy. CLINICAL PRESENTATIONAn 82-year-old woman presented with a classic case of pituitary apoplexy with a history of headache, nausea, vomiting, and diplopia. She was found to have an intrasellar mass simulating a large and invasive pituitary adenoma. The patient had a medical history positive for breast cancer. INTERVENTIONBecause of the presentation with apoplexy and the possibility of metastatic breast cancer or pituitary adenoma, the patient was explored transsphenoidally to obtain pathological verification and possibly resect the tumor. Unusual intraoperative findings led to a microDoppler evaluation, suggesting a vascular lesion. Intraoperatively, an angiogram confirmed the presence of bilateral ICA giant aneurysms involving the ICA intracavernous component extending into the sella turcica. The patient refused further treatment. CONCLUSIONThe present case indicates that an intrasellar ICA aneurysm can be misdiagnosed as a macroadenoma and even present through pituitary apoplexy. When treating intrasellar masses with the slightest suspicion of a nonpituitary origin, further workup should be considered. The possibility of a vascular lesion simulating a pituitary adenoma should always be considered by neurosurgeons and ear, nose, and throat surgeons operating in the sellar region.