Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Papillary and cystic tumor of the pancreas. Two cases indistinguishable from islet cell tumor

Two cases of large cystic tumor of the pancreas in two young women are reported. Gross features and conventional light microscopic appearances of these tumors were consistent with those described as being the so‐called papillary and cystic tumor (PCT) or solid and cystic tumor. Immunohistochemical staining for neuron‐specific enolase was positive diffusely in both cases. Special stainings with Grimelius' silver impregnation, and stainings for insulin, glucagon, and somatostain also were positive, although the population of positive cells was different in each case. Ultrastructural examinations confirmed the presence of numerous granules, probably neurosecretory, within the cytoplasm of many tumor cells in each case. Therefore, current cases were indistinguishable pathologically from the cystic nonfunctioning islet cell tumor. This study suggests that some PCT of the pancreas consist of endocrine cells predominantly.
An implantable wireless bidirectional communication microstimulator for neuromuscular stimulation

This paper presents the integrated circuit design for a wireless bidirectional transmission microstimulator. This implantable device is composed of an internal radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit, a control circuit, a stimulator, and an on-chip transmitter. A 2-MHz amplitude-shift keying modulated signal, including the power and data necessary for the implantable device, is received, and a stable 3-V dc voltage and digital data will be extracted to further execute neuromuscular stimulation. The current-mode microstimulator can produce a bidirectional output current with 8-bit resolution for stimulation. The maximum stimulation current is 1 mA while the stimulation frequency is from 20 Hz to 2 kHz and the pulsewidth of stimulation current is from 150 to 500 /spl mu/s. Furthermore, the system can acquire the biological sensing signal by means of an on-chip transmitter. Most of the signal processing circuits have been designed with low-power schemes to reduce the power consumption, and the performance is also conformed to the requirements of the microstimulator. All of the circuits except for the RF link are combined in a single chip and implemented in TSMC 0.35-/spl mu/m 2P4M standard CMOS process.
Similarity, Isomorphism or Duality? Recent Survey Evidence on the Human Resource Management Policies of Multinational Corporations

There is considerable debate as to the determinants of the human resource policies of human resource management: do they reflect national institutional or cultural realities, emerging common global practices, parent country effects or the dual effects of transnational and national realities? We use an extensive international database to explore these differences, assessing variations in a range of human resource practices. We find new evidence of national differences in the manner in which indigenous firms manage their people, but also evidence of a similarity in practice amongst multinational corporations. In other words, multinational corporations tend to manage their human resources in ways that are distinct from those of their host country; at the same time, country of origin effects seem relatively weak. Whilst there is some evidence of common global practices, sufficient diversity in practice persists to suggest that duality theories may provide the most appropriate explanation.
Are Sports Betting Markets Prediction Markets?

Researchers commonly use sports betting lines as predictions of the outcome of sporting events. Betting houses set betting lines conditional on bettors ex ante beliefs about game outcomes, which implies that the predictive power of the sports betting market could be an unintended consequence of betting house profit maximization. Using this insight, the authors propose a new test of the predictive power of the sports betting market, which incorporates a seldom-used piece of complementary betting information: the over/under—the predicted sum of scores for a game. Since the over/under has the same market properties as the betting line, it should be similarly predictive about the actual outcome, while if bettors have different beliefs about this game feature it need not be predictive. Using the universe of betting lines and over/unders on National Football League (NFL), National Basketball Association (NBA), National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) college football, and NCAA college basketball games from 2004 to 2010, the authors test the predictive power of the sports betting market in a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) structure that allows us to characterize both features of the betting market simultaneously. The joint test reveals that while the betting line is an accurate predictor of the margin of victory, the over/under is a poor predictor of the sum of scores. The authors consistently reject the hypothesis that the sports betting market overall functions well as a prediction market.
Testing for Jumps: A Delta-Hedging Perspective

We measure asset price jumps by the hedging error they induce on a delta-hedged position of European options. Based on high frequency data, we propose a nonparametric estimator for this measure and a test for its positivity. We further construct a Kolmogorov-type test for the presence of jump-induced hedging errors for a possibly in…nite dimensional family of options. Under regularity conditions, these tests are equivalent to tests for jumps.
Fan–Athlete Interaction and Twitter Tweeting Through the Giro: A Case Study

This case study examines how fans can experience a major sporting event (cycling’s Tour of Italy) through a particular new communication technology platform—Twitter. To explore this possibility the authors tracked the “tweets” sent out by a selection of American and English-speaking riders during the 3-wk race. Their analysis of these texts revealed that Twitter served to increase immediacy between athletes and fans. This occurred as athletes provided commentary and opinions, fostered interactivity, and cultivated insider perspectives for fans. These activities position Twitter as a powerful communication technology that affords a more social vs. parasocial relationship between athletes and fans.
Inequality and the Measurement of Residential Segregation by Income in American Neighborhoods

American metropolitan areas have experienced rising residential segregation by income since 1970. One potential explanation for this change is growing income inequality. However, measures of residential sorting are typically mechanically related to the income distribution, making it difficult to identify the impact of inequality on residential choice. This paper presents a measure of residential segregation by income, the Centile Gap Index (CGI) which is based on income percentiles. Using the CGI, I find that a one standard deviation increase in income inequality raises residential segregation by income by 0.4-0.9 standard deviations. Inequality at the top of the distribution is associated with more segregation of the rich, while inequality at the bottom and declines in labor demand for less-skilled men are associated with residential isolation of the poor. Inequality can fully explain the rise in income segregation between 1970 and 2000.
Definitions of hypotension after spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section: literature search and application to parturients

Background: Spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section may cause hypotension, jeopardizing the foetus and its mother. We aimed to identify the spectrum of definitions of hypotension used in the scientific literature. In a second part, we applied these definitions to a prospective cohort in order to evaluate the effect of different definitions on the incidence of hypotension.
On the choice of a demand distribution for inventory management models

An inventory system containing uncertainty, e.g., in demand, in costs, in lead time, or in supplied quantity or quality, needs a probability distribution of demand for reorder point models. In the literature on inventory control, many times reference is made to the Normal or Gamma distribution for describing the demand in the lead time. The Poisson distribution has been found to provide a reasonable fit when the demand is very low. However, information about the functional form of the probability distribution is often incomplete in practice. For example, it might be that only the first moments of the probability distribution are known. This incomplete information is a problem as the shape of the distribution is important in terms of the performance of inventory control. A procedure is described to determine shape characteristics when only the first two moments of the distribution of demand during the lead time are known, using a compound Poisson distribution and the Pearson chart. [Received 18 August 2006; Revised 15 November 2007; Accepted 11 February 2008]
Study of the antioxidative effects of thyme, sage, juniper and oregano.

In the available literary sources there are many works concerned with the antioxidative effects of spices involving mainly rosemary, sage, majoran, pepper, peppermint, ginger, etc. [1—6]. To extend the knowledge of the antioxidative effects of spices some changes of lipids occuring in the model sample of the low-erucic rape-seed oil “Vitol” with addition of extracts of thyme, sage, juniper and oregano were studied by defining the acid, peroxide, thiobarbituric acid numbers and the composition of fatty acids.
An LSTM-Based Dynamic Customer Model for Fashion Recommendation

Online fashion sales present a challenging use case for personalized recommendation: Stores offer a huge variety of items in multiple sizes. Small stocks, high return rates, seasonality, and changing trends cause continuous turnover of articles for sale on all time scales. Customers tend to shop rarely, but often buy multiple items at once. We report on backtest experiments with sales data of 100k frequent shoppers at Zalando, Europe's leading online fashion platform. To model changing customer and store environments, our recommendation method employs a pair of neural networks: To overcome the cold start problem, a feedforward network generates article embeddings in "fashion space," which serve as input to a recurrent neural network that predicts a style vector in this space for each client, based on their past purchase sequence. We compare our results with a static collaborative filtering approach, and a popularity ranking baseline.
The Role of Frontal Cortical and Medial-Temporal Lobe Brain Areas in Learning a Bayesian Prior Belief on Reversals

Reversal learning has been extensively studied across species as a task that indexes the ability to flexibly make and reverse deterministic stimulus–reward associations. Although various brain lesions have been found to affect performance on this task, the behavioral processes affected by these lesions have not yet been determined. This task includes at least two kinds of learning. First, subjects have to learn and reverse stimulus–reward associations in each block of trials. Second, subjects become more proficient at reversing choice preferences as they experience more reversals. We have developed a Bayesian approach to separately characterize these two learning processes. Reversal of choice behavior within each block is driven by a combination of evidence that a reversal has occurred, and a prior belief in reversals that evolves with experience across blocks. We applied the approach to behavior obtained from 89 macaques, comprising 12 lesion groups and a control group. We found that animals from all of the groups reversed more quickly as they experienced more reversals, and correspondingly they updated their prior beliefs about reversals at the same rate. However, the initial values of the priors that the various groups of animals brought to the task differed significantly, and it was these initial priors that led to the differences in behavior. Thus, by taking a Bayesian approach we find that variability in reversal-learning performance attributable to different neural systems is primarily driven by different prior beliefs about reversals that each group brings to the task. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The ability to use prior knowledge to adapt choice behavior is critical for flexible decision making. Reversal learning is often studied as a form of flexible decision making. However, prior studies have not identified which brain regions are important for the formation and use of prior beliefs to guide choice behavior. Here we develop a Bayesian approach that formally characterizes learning set as a concept, and we show that, in macaque monkeys, the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex have a role in establishing an initial belief about the stability of the reward environment.
Compressed sensing based on FE-BI for solving electromagnetic scattering problems

To calculate electromagnetic scattering problems over a wide incident angle by finite Element Boundary integral (FE-BI), the difficult usually lies in a great amount of repeated computation, since iterative operations are required at every angle with the incident direction changing. A new solution scheme based on compressed sensing (CS) is proposed combined with FE-BI to improve the computational efficiency, in which a new incident source including rich angle information is constructed. Under the incident source, measurements of field values can be obtained with FEM, and the field value can be reconstructed at each node and each angle of incidence with orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP). In contrast with traditional FE-BI, the calculated results by the improved method are proposed, it is shown that the new method can greatly reduce computation time and maintain high accuracy.
Ammonite habitat revealed via isotopic composition and comparisons with co-occurring benthic and planktonic organisms

Significance Because ammonites are one of the most diverse, abundant, and well-preserved clades in the history of life, they are a mainstay in macroevolutionary and biodiversity studies; however, their ecologies are poorly understood, and it is unknown whether taxa lived near the sea surface or seafloor. This uncertainty undermines their use in paleoecological and paleoenvironmental reconstructions, which depend on knowledge of organisms’ depth preferences. Here, we use a rare co-occurrence of exquisitely well-preserved ammonites and planktonic and benthic organisms to constrain depth preferences of three common ammonite families by comparing the oxygen and carbon isotopic signatures of these taxa. The ammonites fall into two distinct depth habitats, enhancing the utility of these families for highly refined paleoecological and paleoclimatic studies. Ammonites are among the best-known fossils of the Phanerozoic, yet their habitat is poorly understood. Three common ammonite families (Baculitidae, Scaphitidae, and Sphenodiscidae) co-occur with well-preserved planktonic and benthic organisms at the type locality of the upper Maastrichtian Owl Creek Formation, offering an excellent opportunity to constrain their depth habitats through isotopic comparisons among taxa. Based on sedimentary evidence and the micro- and macrofauna at this site, we infer that the 9-m-thick sequence was deposited at a paleodepth of 70–150 m. Taxa present throughout the sequence include a diverse assemblage of ammonites, bivalves, and gastropods, abundant benthic foraminifera, and rare planktonic foraminifera. No stratigraphic trends are observed in the isotopic data of any taxon, and thus all of the data from each taxon are considered as replicates. Oxygen isotope-based temperature estimates from the baculites and scaphites overlap with those of the benthos and are distinct from those of the plankton. In contrast, sphenodiscid temperature estimates span a range that includes estimates of the planktonic foraminifera and of the warmer half of the benthic values. These results suggest baculites and scaphites lived close to the seafloor, whereas sphenodiscids sometimes inhabited the upper water column and/or lived closer to shore. In fact, the rarity and poorer preservation of the sphenodiscids relative to the baculites and scaphites suggests that the sphenodiscid shells may have only reached the Owl Creek locality by drifting seaward after death.
A framework to implement strategies in organizations

The implementation of strategy, directly or indirectly, relates to all facets of management. Therefore, it is essential to follow a holistic approach when analyzing and evaluating complex issues of implementation. However, research in this area is still limited, and offers few practical propositions. Given this situation, this article proposes an implementation framework by identifying key elements/factors of implementation and categorizing them into different groups depending on their role and importance. The role and importance of each implementation factor, as well as its relationship with other factors, are explained. It is believed that the framework developed in this article can assist executives and researchers to better understand and evaluate complex factors of implementation and deal with challenges from a holistic perspective. Suggestions for practice and future research are also given.
Serotype and Clonal Evolution of Penicillin-Nonsusceptible Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in the 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era in Italy

ABSTRACT The percentage of invasive penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococci (PNSSP) isolated in Italy in the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) era moderately increased in comparison to the pre-PCV7 era. Increase of nonvaccine serotypes was observed among PNSSP. The most frequent PNSSP clones were the same as those identified in the pre-PCV7 era, although they were present in different proportions. Clonal expansion, emergence of new clones, and acquisition of penicillin resistance by established clones contributed to the maintenance of penicillin resistance.
Automatic plagiarism detection for spoken responses in an assessment of English language proficiency

This paper addresses the task of automatically detecting plagiarized responses in the context of a test of spoken English proficiency for non-native speakers. Text-to-text content similarity features are used jointly with speaking proficiency features extracted using an automated speech scoring system to train classifiers to distinguish between plagiarized and non-plagiarized spoken responses. A large data set drawn from an operational English proficiency assessment is used to simulate the performance of the detection system in a practical application. The best classifier on this heavily imbalanced data set resulted in an F1-score of 0.706 on the plagiarized class. These results indicate that the proposed system can potentially be used to improve the validity of both human and automated assessment of non-native spoken English.
Standard method for detection of magnetic defects in aircraft engine discs using a HTS SQUID gradiometer

We have developed a new high sensitive magnetic method for non-destructive testing (NDT) of small ferrous inclusions in aircraft engine discs. The measuring method is based on a second order gradiometer using three thin film Superconducting Quantum Interferometer Devices (SQUIDs) as magnetic sensors. The high balance of the gradiometer setup with a base length of 60 mm insures that the measuring system is extremely stable against external disturbances without having a magnetic shield. At the same time the resolution of the local magnetic field is high, about 130 fT/Hz/sup 1/2/. The system is suitable for NDT of technical components, especially for tests into large depth of parts with large size. Using this new method, the location, depth and size of magnetic inclusions in non-magnetic alloys can be determined. The method is used as a standard testing procedure in production quality control of aircraft engine discs.
Dexamethasone proves deleterious in cerebral malaria. A double-blind trial in 100 comatose patients.

High-dose dexamethasone was compared with placebo in a double-blind trial involving 100 comatose patients with strictly defined cerebral malaria. The two treatment groups, whose members were six to 70 years old, proved comparable on admission. There were eight deaths in the dexamethasone group and nine in the placebo group (no significant difference; P = 0.8); at post-mortem examination the brain showed features diagnostic of cerebral malaria in all but one patient who died. Dexamethasone prolonged coma among the survivors: the interval between the start of treatment and the full recovery of consciousness was 63.2 +/- 5.9 hours (mean +/- S.E.M.) in the dexamethasone group, as compared with 47.4 +/- 3.2 hours in the placebo group (P = 0.02). Complications, including pneumonia and gastrointestinal bleeding, occurred in 26 patients given dexamethasone and 11 given placebo (P = 0.004). Only five patients had neurologic sequelae. Results were similar in a subgroup of 28 children six to 14 years old. Dexamethasone is deleterious in cerebral malaria and should no longer be used.
Risk and the Performance of Real Estate Investment Trusts: A Multiple Index Approach

This paper analyzes the returns of a sample of Real Estate Investment Trusts and examines their risk-adjusted performance using both single index (i.e., CAPM) and multiple index (i.e., APT) models. It is shown that while the performance rankings of the investment trusts are not very sensitive to the risk-adjustment model, the actual performance measures do sometimes differ substantially. Unfortunately, because of the high volatility of these real estate investments, the differences in investment performance across trusts generally are not statistically significant. Copyright American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association.
Coalition Statements and the Distribution of Power in German Government Coalitions: 1990–2009

In this article, we analyse the influence of coalition statements on the bargaining strength of the parties after the elections. More specifically, we calculate the distribution of power in German government coalitions during the period of 1990 through 2009, based on the parties’ coalition statements that were made in advance of these elections and the seat distribution in the parliament after the election. We account for seven coalition statements scenarios. To calculate the voting power of the parties within the government coalitions, we apply the ? power index (Casajus 2009).
Valuing guaranteed withdrawal benefits with stochastic interest rates and volatility

Guaranteed withdrawal benefits are long term contracts which provide investors with equity participation while guaranteeing them a secured income stream. Due to the long investment horizons involved, stochastic volatility and stochastic interest rates are important factors to include in their valuation. Moreover, investors are typically allowed to participate in a mixed fund composed of both equity and fixed-income securities. Here, we develop an efficient method for valuing these path-dependent products through re-writing the problem in the form of an Asian styled claim and a dimensionally reduced partial differential equation (PDE). The PDE is then solved using an Alternating Direction Implicit method. Furthermore, we derive an analytical closed form approximation and compare this approximation with the PDE results and find excellent agreement. We illustrate the various effects of the parameters on the valuation through numerical experiments and discuss their financial implications.