Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Application Data-Parallelism on Dynamically Reconfigurable Architectures: Placement and Architectural Considerations

Partial dynamic reconfiguration, often called run-time reconfiguration (RTR), is a key feature in modern reconfigurable platforms. In this paper, we present parallelism granularity selection (PARLGRAN), an application mapping approach that maximizes performance of application task chains on architectures with such capability. PARLGRAN essentially selects a suitable granularity of data-parallelism for individual data parallel tasks while considering key issues such as significant reconfiguration overhead and placement constraints. It integrates granularity selection very effectively in a joint scheduling and placement formulation, necessary due to constraints imposed by partial RTR. As a key step to validating PARLGRAN, we additionally present an exact strategy (integer linear programming formulation). We demonstrate that PARLGRAN generates high-quality schedules with: (1) a set of small test cases where we compare our results with the exact strategy; (2) a very large set of synthetic experiments with over a thousand data-points where we compare it with a simpler strategy that tries to statically maximize data-parallelism, i.e., only considers resource availability; and (3) a detailed application case study of JPEG encoding. The application case-study confirms that blindly maximizing data-parallelism can result in schedules even worse than that generated by a simple (but RTR-aware) approach oblivious to data-parallelism. Last, but very important, we demonstrate that our approach is well-suited for true on-demand computing with detailed execution time estimates on a typical embedded processor. Heuristic execution time is comparable to task execution time, i.e., it is feasible to integrate PARLGRAN in a run-time scheduler for dynamically reconfigurable architectures.
Evaluating database selection techniques: a testbed and experiment

We describe a testbed for database selection techniques and an experiment conducted using this testbed. The testbed is a decomposition of the TREC/TIPSTER data that allows analysis of the data along multiple dimensions, including collection-based and temporal-based analysis. We characterize the subcollections in this testbed in terms of number of documents, queries against which the document,s have been evaluated for relevance, and distribution of relevant documents. We then present initial results from a study conducted using this testbed that examines the effectiveness of the gGlOSS approach to database selection. The databases from our testbed were ranked using the gGl0S.S techniques and compared to the gGlOSS I&l(l) baseline and a baseline derived from TREC relevance judgements. We have examined the degree to which several gGlOSS estimate functions approximate these baselines. Our initial results confirm that the gGZOSS estimators are excellent predictors of the Ideal(Z) ranks but that the Ideal(l) ranks do not estimate relevance-based ranks well.
Rethinking Sarton's Institute for History of Science and Civilization—Virtually

George Sarton's original vision in establishing Isis and Osiris carried beyond these two publications. His particular view of history of science is worth revisiting to reflect on the values he embraced and the context in which he worked. His idea of an Institute for the History of Science and Civilization is even more provocative. Although Sarton's ideas and, especially, his way of framing them would probably be rejected by most today, there is at least one major emphasis worth recovering and reasserting: his commitment to taking the science and its technical aspects seriously.
The effect of carrier sensing mechanisms on wireless mesh network goodput

For wireless mesh networks using the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, carrier sensing mechanisms such as physical carrier sensing and virtual carrier sensing play a key role in determining goodput and overall network performance. However, inaccurate modelling of the effect of carrier sensing on goodput leads to poor decision making in mesh network roll out. More accurate models can be derived by analysing network performance under non-ideal carrier sensing conditions which manifests as exposed nodes and hidden nodes. In this paper, we model the network goodput under both ideal and non-ideal carrier sensing by varying the transmitter-receiver separation and interferer proximity. Our results show that taking into consideration both transmitter-receiver separation and interferer proximity yields a four-phase goodput variation which have not been reported in the literature. The advantage gained by using distances rather than signal strength (or power) as the primary parameter is that our model will benefit the planning process of a wireless mesh network. The model based on distances can be directly integrated to practical planning tools such as MapInfo and MapBasic.
Association Between Parkinson's Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a Nationwide Taiwanese Retrospective Cohort Study

Objectives:Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder. Previous studies have suggested that chronic systemic inflammation increases the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study examined the effects of IBD on the development of PD. Methods:In a nationwide population-based cohort of 23.22 million insured residents of Taiwan aged ≥ 20 years, we compared people diagnosed with IBD during 2000 to 2011 (n = 8373) with IBD-free individuals. Patients with PD were identified in the National Health Insurance Research Database. Using univariable and multivariable Cox proportion hazard regression models, we estimated the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for PD with a 95% confidence interval (CI) with adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidities. Results:In the cohort, IBD was associated with an increased incidence of PD (crude hazard ratio = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.15–1.79). The risk was highest among individuals with Crohn's disease (aHR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.11–1.77). In the multivariable model, the risk of PD was increased for men (aHR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.05–1.56) and higher for patients with hypertension (aHR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.33–2.24), coronary artery disease (aHR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.04–1.66), or depression (aHR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.82–3.46). Conclusions:We suggest that IBD is associated with an increased risk of PD. Patients with IBD should be aware of the potential risk for PD development.
Efficacy of an intervention programme for rehabilitation of awareness of deficit after acquired brain injury: A pilot study

ABSTRACT Background: Impaired Awareness of Deficit (AD) is a frequent symptom after suffering acquired brain injury (ABI) that severely influences patients’ daily lives. Primary Objective: Pilot study to assess the effectiveness of a structured intervention programme which was developed from a biopsychosocial approach, and relied on common therapeutic strategies of proven effectiveness. Methods: We assessed the effectiveness of our intervention on a sample of 60 patients with ABI, 30 of whom received the specific AD intervention programme, while the other 30 followed an equivalent rehabilitation approach where they received no specific intervention on AD. AD were assessed before and after the specific intervention on AD through an ad-hoc designed questionnaire. Results: This study reports that patients who received the proposed programme demonstrated significant improvement in their level of AD, as compared to the control group. This improvement was observable on all the proposed dimensions of awareness. Interestingly, results from correlation analysis also showed that patients with lower initial AD were those who exhibited a greater degree of improvement following the intervention. Conclusions: This research provides evidence in favour of the effectiveness of implementing an intervention programme for AD in the context a global rehabilitation process for patients with ABI.
Network of hypothalamic neurons that control appetite

The central nervous system (CNS) controls food intake and energy expenditure via tight coordinations between multiple neuronal populations. Specifically, two distinct neuronal populations exist in the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus (ARH): the anorexigenic (appetite-suppressing) pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons and the orexigenic (appetite-increasing) neuropeptide Y (NPY)/agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons. The coordinated regulation of neuronal circuit involving these neurons is essential in properly maintaining energy balance, and any disturbance therein may result in hyperphagia/obesity or hypophagia/starvation. Thus, adequate knowledge of the POMC and NPY/AgRP neuron physiology is mandatory to understand the pathophysiology of obesity and related metabolic diseases. This review will discuss the history and recent updates on the POMC and NPY/AgRP neuronal circuits, as well as the general anorexigenic and orexigenic circuits in the CNS. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(4): 229-233]
Finding patterns and groupings: I. Introduction to latent class analysis

An increasingly common task is to take a set of observations and try to identify the groups that underlie those observations or the different patterns of observations. The observations might be cross-sectional symptoms in which case we look to identify diagnostic categories, either to discover novel categories or to validate existing ones. Or they might be longitudinal symptoms and we want to identify groups of similar trajectories over time. Over the last two decades, the number of techniques for doing tasks like these has been considerably expanded and made available as software. One of the earliest and simplest techniques is latent class analysis (LCA). An LCA attempts to identify a latent categorical variable (or possibly variables) which underlies the relationships between observed or manifest variables which also have to be categorical. The levels of the categorical variable are called classes. When we describe classes as underlying a set of observations we tend to mean that the classes ‘cause’ the similar-looking patterns of observations or associations between observations (the tendency of certain observations to go together). The LCA model says that we have identified a class when within that class there is no association between observations. For example, we find that complaints of headaches are accompanied by complaints of feeling nauseous. Suppose we are able to split the sample into somatisation and non-somatisation classes and find within each class that complaints of nausea are no more less common whether someone complains of headaches or not. Somatisation, we can then say, explains the association. Of course people in the somatisation class will be much more likely to report both headaches and nausea, but no more so than would be expected from the higher rates of nausea and headaches in that class. We can think of fitting an LCA model as partitioning the sample into groups in which there is no association between the variables. There might not be any partition which does the job and even in a successful LCA some associations will usually remain, but nevertheless that is the goal. LCA is sometimes described as a mixture analysis, conveying the idea that what is observed is the product of mixing together responses from different kinds of people. If LCA is a mixture of categorical responses you might expect there to be other types of mixtures and indeed there are: for example, a mixture of continuous responses from different kinds is called a latent profile analysis. Consider the data in panel I of Table 1 which show the relationship between two items which have been answered ‘Yes/No’. The association–expressed as an odds ratio–is 2.04 and the chi-square test indicates that it is significant. (The odds ratio of ‘Yes’ on item B for those who
Communities of parental engagement: new foundations for school leaders’ work

The importance of parents to the success of students in schools and to school improvement has long been established and acknowledged by researchers and educators. In this article, we present a fourth–generation model of school–family linkages, one anchored in understandings of schools as communities as opposed to schools as institutions. Our model is based on an analysis and synthesis of the relevant recent empirical evidence. We extend the narrative of school–parent relationships by highlighting ‘norms of community’ school leaders can cultivate to promote membership, partnership and ownership.
A multi-swarm cooperative hybrid particle swarm optimizer

Cooperative approaches have proved to be very useful in evolutionary computation. This paper a novel multi-swarm cooperative particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed. It involves a collection of two sub-swarms that interact by exchanging information to solve a problem. The two swarms execute IPSO (improved PSO) independently to maintain the diversity of populations, while introducing extremal optimization (EO) to IPSO after running fixed generations to enhance the exploitation. States of the particles are updated based on global best particle that has been searched by all the particle swarms. Synchronous learning strategy and random mutation scheme are both absorbed in our approach. Simulations on a suite of benchmark functions demonstrate that this method can improve the performance of the original PSO significantly.
The capability of young people

Purpose – The aims of this (mainly) conceptual paper are twofold: first, to define “capability” as used within Bioss (what used to be the Brunel Institute of Organization and Social Studies), which is referred to as “complexipacity” elsewhere in this issue – and second, to describe the capability of two young people whose teachers and parents did not recognise their strengths.Design/methodology/approach – Presents examples of conditions that make the expression of capability difficult, and typically include rules applied too rigidly or too bureaucratically, irrespective of the capability of the person, and also when there is a mismatch between the capability of the person wielding authority (teacher, boss, head of family) and the person who is the object of that authority (pupil, subordinate, children). That mismatch occurs when the capability of the authority‐holder is less than that of the people for whom she/he is responsible.Findings – What is meant by “capability” is the ability to handle complexity,.
Tipos de empreendedores em penturbia brasileira

Este artigo visa analisar de que forma diferentes atores sociais, em particular os empreendedores locais, se articulam - ou nao - na construcao de modelo de desenvolvimento economico regional baseado na nocao de penturbia, conforme proposta por Lessinger (1986). Neste artigo, identificou-se a cidade de Tiradentes (MG) como caso exemplar de penturbia brasileira. Em termos metodologicos, a pesquisa que subsidiou seus resultados e de natureza indutiva, orientada pelos principios da Grounded Theory. De cunho etnografico, o estudo envolveu analise documental, observacao direta e realizacao de 39 entrevistas semiestruturadas e em profundidade junto a dirigentes de pousadas, restaurantes e atelies, representantes de fundacoes e associacoes de artesaos, membros da igreja e politicos. Para o tratamento dos dados fez-se uso do software N-vivo 8.0. Como resultado foi possivel a identificacao de duas grandes categorias de empreendedores, emergentes das antinomias locais. Tais categorias, por sua vez, subdividiram-se em subcategorias, as quais refletem, bem como desafiam, tipologias internacionais de artesao, artista, bricoleur e engenheiro. A frequencia e a orientacao dessas categorias para com modelos alternativos de desenvolvimento local tem importantes implicacoes para o futuro sociocultural e economico da cidade.
Family Group Conferencing and Re‐Offending Among First‐Time Juvenile Offenders: The Indianapolis Experiment

Restorative justice processes, and family group conferences in particular, have become increasingly common in justice system practices across the globe. There has also been significant scholarly interest. Yet, with several notable exceptions, much of the research has been characterized by relatively weak designs, and questions related to the impact of family group conferences on re‐offending remain unanswered. This research is intended to begin to address these issues. The study is based on an experiment conducted in Indianapolis, Indiana whereby young, first‐time‐offending youths were randomly assigned to either a family group conference or one of a number of court‐ordered diversion programs. Nearly 800 youths participated in the experiment, and the cases were tracked for 24 months following their initial arrest. Survival analysis techniques were used to compare prevalence patterns of re‐offending among the treatment and control groups. The results indicated a significant difference between the two groups with the control group experiencing higher rates of failure (re‐offending). The differences were most pronounced during the period of 3–8 months following the initial arrest. Incidence rates were also compared. Assignment to the treatment group was negatively related to incidence of offending. Given the consistent finding of victim benefits in restorative justice processes, the results suggest that conferences hold promise as an effective intervention, at least for young first‐time offenders, and warrant continued experimentation.
An Exploratory Study of Experimental Tools for Wireless Sensor Networks

The objective of this contribution is to present expositive review content on currently available experimental tools/services/concepts used for most emerging field Wireless Sensor Network that has capability to change many of the Information Communication aspects in the upcoming era. Currently due to high cost of large number of sensor nodes most researches in wireless sensor networks area is performed by using these experimental tools in various universities, institutes, and research centers before implementing real one. Also the statistics gathered from these experimental tools can be realistic and convenient. These experimental tools provide the better option for studying the behavior of WSNs before and after implementing the physical one. In this contribution 63 simulators/simulation frameworks, 14 emulators, 19 data visualization tools, 46 testbeds, 26 debugging tools/services/concepts, 10 code-updation/reprogramming tools and 8 network monitors has been presented that are used worldwide for WSN researches.
The Principalship: How Significant Is Mentoring?.

Purpose – To draw on a structured review of the literature on formalised mentoring programs for principals with the purpose of exploring their nature and the positive and negative outcomes for the parties involved.Design/methodology/approach – The methodological approach utilised in this paper was a structured review of the literature which is a pre‐determined set of criteria, namely a set of coding categories, used for analysing research papers. Forty research‐based papers constituted the structured review and major coding categories utilised in this paper were positive and negative outcomes of mentoring programs for mentors and mentees and factual data relating to the research focus of the sample.Findings – Both positive and negative outcomes of mentoring were reported in the 40 research‐based papers, with substantially more papers reporting positive outcomes. Frequently cited positive outcomes for mentees included support, sharing ideas and professional development, while, for mentors, networking, prof.
Global stratospheric chlorine inventories for 2004–2009 from Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) measurements

Abstract. We present chlorine budgets calculated between 2004 and 2009 for four latitude bands (70° N–30° N, 30° N–0° N, 0° N–30° S, and 30° S–70° S). The budgets were calculated using ACE-FTS version 3.0 retrievals of the volume mixing ratios (VMRs) of 9 chlorine-containing species: CCl 4 , CFC-12 (CCl 2 F 2 ), CFC-11 (CCl 3 F), COCl 2 , COClF, HCFC-22 (CHF 2 Cl), CH 3 Cl, HCl and ClONO 2 . These data were supplemented with calculated VMRs from the SLIMCAT 3-D chemical transport model (CFC-113, CFC-114, CFC-115, H-1211, H-1301, HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b, ClO and HOCl). The total chlorine profiles are dominated by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons up to 24 km in the tropics and 19 km in the extra-tropics. In this altitude range CFCs and halons account for 58% of the total chlorine VMR. Above this altitude HCl increasingly dominates the total chlorine profile, reaching a maximum of 95% of total chlorine at 54 km. All total chlorine profiles exhibit a positive slope with altitude, suggesting that the total chlorine VMR is now decreasing with time. This conclusion is supported by the time series of the mean stratospheric total chlorine budgets which show mean decreases in total stratospheric chlorine of 0.38 ± 0.03% per year in the Northern Hemisphere extra-tropics, 0.35 ± 0.07% per year in the Northern Hemisphere tropical stratosphere, 0.54 ± 0.16% per year in the Southern Hemisphere tropics and 0.53 ± 0.12% per year in the Southern Hemisphere extra-tropical stratosphere for 2004–2009. Globally stratospheric chlorine is decreasing by 0.46 ± 0.02% per year. Both global warming potential-weighted chlorine and ozone depletion potential-weighted chlorine are decreasing at all latitudes. These results show that the Montreal Protocol has had a significant effect in reducing emissions of both ozone-depleting substances and greenhouse gases.
Sub1/PC4 a chromatin associated protein with multiple functions in transcription

Yeast Sub1 and its human ortholog PC4 display multiple cellular functions in vivo. Sub1/PC4 contains a unique conserved non-specific DNA-binding domain and is involved in distinct DNA-dependent processes including replication, DNA repair and transcription. Sub1/PC4 is a non-histone chromatin-associated protein initially described as a co-activator for RNA polymerase (Pol) II transcription in vitro. Recently, biochemical and genomic studies showed that Sub1 is not restricted to Pol II transcription but is also involved in Pol III transcription revealing a more general role in transcription than anticipated. Sub1/PC4 appears to play a dual (positive and negative) complex role in gene expression and has multiple effects in distinct steps of the transcription cycle, consisting of initiation, elongation, termination and reinitiation. Here, the multiple transcriptional functions of Sub1/PC4 will be reviewed and the recent findings and their possible implications in the understanding of Sub1/PC4 function in transcription will be discussed.
Kinesiophobia in chronic low back pain patients—does the startle paradigm support the hypothesis?

Pain research has shown that fear-avoidance beliefs determine disability from back pain to a significant degree. It is assumed that anxiety regarding certain movements or activities motivates avoidance behavior. It has not yet been established whether chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients actually experience fear of movement when confronted with back pain-related movements. Startle response measures reliably differentiate the affective quality of a stimulus. This study investigates whether CLBP patients show a startle response typical for aversive stimuli when confronted with pictures of back pain-related movements.In 36 patients with CLBP, 18 headache patients and 18 healthy controls, the startle response was examined in the presence of pictures of back pain-related movements (e.g., bending) and pleasant movements (e.g., taking a relaxed position). Back pain patients did not show the predicted startle potentiation when viewing back pain-related pictures, although they rated these pictures as more aversive than did the other two groups. Results may indicate that it is not fear of pain that motivates avoidance behavior and determines disability, but rather an individual’s beliefs and attitudes concerning back stressing movements.