Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Two-Step Bioconversion Process for Canolol Production from Rapeseed Meal Combining an Aspergillus niger Feruloyl Esterase and the Fungus Neolentinus lepideus

Rapeseed meal is a cheap and abundant raw material, particularly rich in phenolic compounds of biotechnological interest. In this study, we developed a two-step bioconversion process of naturally occurring sinapic acid (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamic acid) from rapeseed meal into canolol by combining the complementary potentialities of two filamentous fungi, the micromycete Aspergillus niger and the basidiomycete Neolentinus lepideus. Canolol could display numerous industrial applications because of its high antioxidant, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties. In the first step of the process, the use of the enzyme feruloyl esterase type-A (named AnFaeA) produced with the recombinant strain A. niger BRFM451 made it possible to release free sinapic acid from the raw meal by hydrolysing the conjugated forms of sinapic acid in the meal (mainly sinapine and glucopyranosyl sinapate). An amount of 39 nkat AnFaeA per gram of raw meal, at 55 °C and pH 5, led to the recovery of 6.6 to 7.4 mg of free sinapic acid per gram raw meal, which corresponded to a global hydrolysis yield of 68 to 76% and a 100% hydrolysis of sinapine. Then, the XAD2 adsorbent (a styrene and divinylbenzene copolymer resin), used at pH 4, enabled the efficient recovery of the released sinapic acid, and its concentration after elution with ethanol. In the second step, 3-day-old submerged cultures of the strain N. lepideus BRFM15 were supplied with the recovered sinapic acid as the substrate of bioconversion into canolol by a non-oxidative decarboxylation pathway. Canolol production reached 1.3 g/L with a molar yield of bioconversion of 80% and a productivity of 100 mg/L day. The same XAD2 resin, when used at pH 7, allowed the recovery and purification of canolol from the culture broth of N. lepideus. The two-step process used mild conditions compatible with green chemistry.
Topic-Aware Social Sensing with Arbitrary Source Dependency Graphs

This work is motivated by the emergence of social sensing as a new paradigm of collecting observations about the physical environment from humans or devices on their behalf. These observations may be true or false, and hence are viewed as binary claims. A fundamental problem in social sensing applications lies in ascertaining the correctness of claims and the reliability of data sources without knowing either of them a priori. We refer to this problem as truth discovery. Prior works have made significant progress to addressing the truth discovery problem, but two significant limitations exist: (i) they ignored the fact that claims reported in social sensing applications can be either relevant or irrelevant to the topic of interests. (ii) They either assumed the data sources to be independent or the source dependency graphs can be represented as a set of disjoint trees. These limitations led to suboptimal truth discovery results. In contrast, this paper presents the first social sensing framework that explicitly incorporates the topic relevance feature of claims and arbitrary source dependency graphs into the solutions of truth discovery problem. The new framework solves a multidimensional maximum likelihood estimation problem to jointly estimate the truthfulness and topic relevance of claims as well as the reliability and topic awareness of sources. We compared our new scheme with the state-of-the-art truth discovery solutions using three real world data traces collected from Twitter in the aftermath of Paris Shooting event (2015), Hurricane Arthur (2014) and Boston Bombing event (2013) respectively. The evaluation results showed that our schemes significantly outperform the compared baselines by identifying more relevant and truthful claims in the truth discovery results.
A beam-scanning dual-polarized fan-beam antenna suitable for Millimeter wavelengths

The design and testing of a beam-scanning pillbox antenna for use in a 200 GHz imaging system is presented. The antenna features a rotating subreflector that scans the antenna's fan beam and a multimode structure that reduces ohmic loss and allows use of two orthogonal polarizations. The antenna has an aperture size of 450/spl times/5 mm, half-power beam widths of approximately 0.4/spl deg/ and 18/spl deg/ and a beam-scan range of 10/spl deg/. The gain of the antenna was measured to be greater than 33 dBi for both polarizations. The radiation patterns of the pillbox antenna have been measured in the radiating near field using an outdoor range. Good agreement between measured and calculated patterns has been obtained.
Na+ effects on transitions of DNA and polynucleotides of variable linear charge density

A range of linear charge densities of the ordered and disordered forms of DNA or polynucleotides can be obtained experimentally by acid or alkaline titration, or by the investigation of unusual complexes involving protonated bases or three‐stranded helices. The variation of melting temperatures with Na+ concentration for various of these systems is known and in some cases is complemented by structural and thermodynamic information. We have extended the condensation–screening theory of Manning [Biopolymers, 11, 937–955 (1972)] to these systems. The stabilizing and destabilizing effects of Na+ (condensation and screening, respectively) and be independently varied, and the theory is successful in predicting the qualitative (in some cases, quanittative) behaviour that is observed. Comparison of theory and experiment indicates that the axial phosphate distance b for single‐stranded polynucleotides increases with increasing pH. Values of the critical parameter ξ are obtained for the various polynucleotide structures. These values are essential for an understanding of ionic effects on charged ligand–polynucleotide interactions.
Effects of ruthenium on phase separation in a model Ni–Al–Cr–Ru superalloy

The temporal evolution of a Ni–10.0Al–8.5Cr–2.0Ru (at.%) alloy aged at 1073 K was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atom-probe tomography. The γ′(L12)-precipitate morphology is spheroidal through 256 h of ageing as a result of adding Ru, which decreases the lattice parameter misfit between the γ′(L12)- and γ(f.c.c.)-phases. The addition of Ru accelerates the compositional evolution of the γ′(L12)- and γ(f.c.c.)-phases, which achieve their equilibrium compositions after 0.25 h. Initially, Ru accelerates the partitioning of Ni and Cr to the γ(f.c.c.)-phase, and the partitioning of Al to the γ′(L12)-phase, but after 0.25 h, Ru, which partitions to the γ(f.c.c.)-phase, decreases the partitioning of Ni and increases the partitioning of Al and Cr. The temporal evolution of the average radius, ⟨R(t)⟩, number density, volume fraction of the γ′(L12)-precipitates, and the supersaturations of Ni, Al, Cr, and Ru in the γ(f.c.c.)- and γ′(L12)-phases are compared in detail with predictions of coarsening models and PrecipiCalc simulations. Based on a spline function fitting procedure of the concentration profiles between the γ′(L12)- and γ(f.c.c.)-phases, it is demonstrated that the temporal evolution of the normalized interfacial width, δ/⟨R(t)⟩ vs. ⟨R(t)⟩, of each element, decreases with increasing ageing time: δ is the interfacial width.
Carbon-Supported Pd and PdFe Alloy Catalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Cathodes

Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) are electrochemical devices that efficiently produce electricity and are characterized by a large flexibility for portable applications and high energy density. Methanol crossover is one of the main obstacles for DMFC commercialization, forcing the search for highly electro-active and methanol tolerant cathodes. In the present work, carbon-supported Pd and PdFe catalysts were synthesized using a sodium borohydride reduction method and physico-chemically characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray techniques such as photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The catalysts were investigated as DMFC cathodes operating at different methanol concentrations (up to 10 M) and temperatures (60 °C and 90 °C). The cell based on PdFe/C cathode presented the best performance, achieving a maximum power density of 37.5 mW·cm−2 at 90 °C with 10 M methanol, higher than supported Pd and Pt commercial catalysts, demonstrating that Fe addition yields structural changes to Pd crystal lattice that reduce the crossover effects in DMFC operation.
Estrus induction and fertility rates in response to exogenous hormonal administration in postpartum anestrous and subestrus bovines and buffaloes.

A total of 130 animals (82 cattle, 48 buffaloes) with histories of anestrous 60-90 days post-partum and belonging to different agroclimatic zones of Punjab were subjected to rectal palpation and blood samplings at least three times at weekly intervals. The body condition score (BCS) of each animal was also recorded. The animals were divided into two groups; viz., true anestrous (Gp-I) and subestrus (Gp-II) through rectal palpation of ovaries and plasma progesterone (P4) concentrations. Furthermore, the Gp I and II animals were divided into treatment (Gp Ia, 40 cattle and 16 buffaloes; Gp IIa, 12 cattle and 14 buffaloes) and control groups (Gp Ib, 20 cattle and 8 buffaloes; Gp IIb, 10 cattle and 10 buffaloes). True anestrous animals (Gp Ia) were treated with 3 injections of hydroxyprogesterone caproate (750 mg, i.m.) at 72-hr intervals followed by injection of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG; 750 I.U., i.m.) 72 hr after the last progesterone injection. The animals were bred at the first estrus after the induced one. The first service conception rate (FSCR), overall conception rate (OCR), services per conception and pregnancy rate of the true anestrous treated cattle (Gp Ia) were 44.4%, 48.0%, 2.08 and 60.0%, respectively. In the true anestrous control cattle (Gp Ib), only five that were observed to be in estrus failed to conceive. In the anestrous treated buffaloes (Gp Ia), the FSCR, OCR, services per conception and pregnancy rate were 50.0%, 62.5%, 1.6 and 62.5%, respectively. No buffalo amongst true anestrous control (Gp Ib) showed estrus. The subestrus animals (Gp IIa) were administered Prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha); 25 mg Dinoprost, i.m. ) and bred at induced estrus. Amongst the Gp IIa animals, all cattle (100%) and twelve buffaloes (85.7%) responded to treatment. Of these animals, the FSCR and pregnancy rate at induced estrus in the cattle were 50.0% each, whereas they were 66.6% and 57.1%, respectively, in the buffaloes. The subestrus control animals (Gp IIb) remained infertile. In summary, the plasma P(4) profile can be used to differentiate true anestrous and subestrus animals and thus to determine a hormonal therapy. Furthermore, fertile estrus can be induced with hormonal therapy in anestrous and subestrus bovines.
Phylogeography and Genetic Ancestry of Tigers (Panthera tigris)

Eight traditional subspecies of tiger (Panthera tigris), of which three recently became extinct, are commonly recognized on the basis of geographic isolation and morphological characteristics. To investigate the species' evolutionary history and to establish objective methods for subspecies recognition, voucher specimens of blood, skin, hair, and/or skin biopsies from 134 tigers with verified geographic origins or heritage across the whole distribution range were examined for three molecular markers: (1) 4.0 kb of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence; (2) allele variation in the nuclear major histocompatibility complex class II DRB gene; and (3) composite nuclear microsatellite genotypes based on 30 loci. Relatively low genetic variation with mtDNA, DRB, and microsatellite loci was found, but significant population subdivision was nonetheless apparent among five living subspecies. In addition, a distinct partition of the Indochinese subspecies P. t. corbetti into northern Indochinese and Malayan Peninsula populations was discovered. Population genetic structure would suggest recognition of six taxonomic units or subspecies: (1) Amur tiger P. t. altaica; (2) northern Indochinese tiger P. t. corbetti; (3) South China tiger P. t. amoyensis; (4) Malayan tiger P. t. jacksoni, named for the tiger conservationist Peter Jackson; (5) Sumatran tiger P. t. sumatrae; and (6) Bengal tiger P. t. tigris. The proposed South China tiger lineage is tentative due to limited sampling. The age of the most recent common ancestor for tiger mtDNA was estimated to be 72,000–108,000 y, relatively younger than some other Panthera species. A combination of population expansions, reduced gene flow, and genetic drift following the last genetic diminution, and the recent anthropogenic range contraction, have led to the distinct genetic partitions. These results provide an explicit basis for subspecies recognition and will lead to the improved management and conservation of these recently isolated but distinct geographic populations of tigers.
CUDA-based Signed Distance Field Calculation for Adaptive Grids

We present a simple yet robust signed distance field (SDF) generator based on recent GPU architectures. In our approach, the squared Euclidean distance is calculated for each triangle face in parallel, and then an optimized stream reduction process is used to find the shortest distance. During this process, the stream reduction operation acts like a parallel binary space-searching routine for each level. This process uses computations and memory bandwidth efficiently because of the massive number of CUDA threads. Signs are then determined by calculating angleweighted pseudonormals. Unlike some previous SDF approaches that only calculate the SDF near the surface or within the bounding box, our method can calculate the SDF adaptively so that there are no limitations on proximity or regularity. We also compare our GPU-based results with a kd-tree based single CPU approach for a 3D geometry synthesis application.
Warrants and deception in computer mediated communication

This article explores the operation of warrants, connections between online and real-world identities, on deceptive behavior in computer-mediated communication. A survey of 132 participants assessed three types of warrants (the use of a real name, a photo, and the presence of real-world acquaintances) in five different media: IM, Forums, Chat, Social Networking Sites (SNS) and Email. The effect of warrants on lies about demographic information (e.g., age, gender, education, etc.), one's interests (e.g., religion, music preferences, etc.), and the seriousness of lies was assessed. Overall, deception was observed most frequently in Chat and least often in SNS and Email. The relationship between warrants and deception was negative and linear, with warrants suppressing the frequency and seriousness of deception regardless of medium, although real-world acquaintances were especially powerful in constraining deception in SNS and emails.
Postconditioning the Human Heart

Background— In animal models, brief periods of ischemia performed just at the time of reperfusion can reduce infarct size, a phenomenon called postconditioning. In this prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter study, we investigated whether postconditioning may protect the human heart during coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. Methods and Results— Thirty patients, submitted to coronary angioplasty for ongoing acute myocardial infarction, contributed to the study. Patients were randomly assigned to either a control or a postconditioning group. After reperfusion by direct stenting, control subjects underwent no further intervention, whereas postconditioning was performed within 1 minute of reflow by 4 episodes of 1-minute inflation and 1-minute deflation of the angioplasty balloon. Infarct size was assessed by measuring total creatine kinase release over 72 hours. Area at risk and collateral blood flow were estimated on left ventricular and coronary angiograms. No adverse events occurred in the postconditioning group. Determinants of infarct size, including ischemia time, size of the area at risk, and collateral flow, were comparable between the 2 groups. Area under the curve of creatine kinase release was significantly reduced in the postconditioning compared with the control group, averaging 208 984±26 576 compared with 326 095±48 779 (arbitrary units) in control subjects, ie, a 36% reduction in infarct size. Blush grade, a marker of myocardial reperfusion, was significantly increased in postconditioned compared with control subjects: 2.44±0.17 versus 1.95±0.27, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusions— This study suggests that postconditioning by coronary angioplasty protects the human heart during acute myocardial infarction.
How to write system-specific, static checkers in metal

This paper gives an overview of the metal language, which we have designed to make it easy to construct systemspecific, static analyses. We call these analyses extensions because they act as the input to a generic analysis engine that runs the static analysis over a given source base. We also interchangeably refer to them as checkers because they check that a user-specified property holds in the source base and report any violations of that property. Note that checkers may not detect all violations of a specified property. Their goal is to find as many violations as possible with a minimum of false positives. We describe seven checkers in total; most are less than 50 lines of code, but, in aggregate, find hundreds of errors in a typical large system. In addition to language details, we give a feel for how to build good checkers: exploiting highlevel knowledge, ranking errors, suppressing false positives. Further, we show how to write checkers that extract rules to check from the source code itself without the assistance of the programmer. The common thread among these analyses is that they all exploit the fact that many abstract program restrictions map clearly to source code actions [5]. While metal extensions are executed much like a traditional dataflow analysis, they can easily be augmented in ways outside the scope of traditional approaches, such as using statistical analysis to discover rules [6]. To check a rule, an extension does two things: (1) recognizes interesting source code actions relevant to a given rule and (2) checks that these actions satisfy some rule-specific
Risk-sensitive interaction control in uncertain manipulation tasks

Manipulation tasks are a great challenge for robots due to the uncertainty arising from unstructured environments. In this paper we propose a novel control scheme for contact tasks based on risk-sensitive optimal feedback control. It provides a systematic approach to adjust the trade-off between motion and force control under uncertainty. Following a previously acquired task model, the proposed approach provides both a variable stiffness solution and a motion reference adaptation. This control scheme achieves increased adaptability under previously unseen environmental variability. An implementation on a robotic manipulator validates the applicability and adaptability of the proposed control approach in two different manipulation tasks.
Fundamentals and Engineering of Severe Plastic Deformation

Continuum Approach to Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) Processes of Severe Plastic Deformation Mechanics of Equal-Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE) ECAE Processing Applications of ECAE Fundamentals of Poly-Crystal Modeling Models for Texture Development Modeling Single & Multiple Passes in ECAE Texture Characterization Texture Evolution during ECAE Deviation from Simple Shear Temperature Texture Evolution in Route C Nomenclature Deformation Twinning & SPD Mechanical Response of SPD'ed Metals Non-Equilibrium Grain Boundaries Dislocations in Nano-Microcrystalline(NMC) Metals Vacancies in NMC Metals Diffusion Properties of Grain Boundaries in NMC Metals Limit of Grain Refinement during ECAE Recrystallization & Grain Growth in Pure NMC Metals Recrystallization & Grain Growth in NMC Metals Optimum Grain Size for StructuralSuperplasicity Strain Hardening during Superplasticity Yield Stress of NMC Metals at RoomTemperature Strength & Ductility of NMC Metals at Room Index.
User-centric analysis on jamming game with action detection error

We formulate the interactions between a legitimate transmitter and a smart jammer allocating power flexibly as a power control Stackelberg anti-jamming game with the action detection error from transmitter to jammer in a user-centric view. More specifically, decision-making of the players follows the subjective deviations specified by prospect theory instead of the traditional objective assumption controlled by expected utility theory. The Stackelberg equilibrium of the game as well as the Nash equilibrium are analyzed and the impact of the players' subjectivity and action detection error on the signalto- interference and noise ratio at the receiver is measured. Simulation results show that a subjective jammer which is less likely to attack the transmitter results in the increasing of the the signal-to-interference plus noise ratio and the behaviors of the smart jammer in the Stackelberg game cause more damage to the legal communications.
PVT tolerant LC-VCO in 90 nm CMOS technology for GPS/Galileo applications

In this paper low-voltage LC voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with low sensitivity to process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variations has been presented. VCO operates at 3.2 GHz and its output signal frequency is divided by 2 in quadrature divider to generate quadrature signals at 1.6 GHz. The NMOS cross-coupled architecture, proper varactor biasing, tuning curve linearization technique and switched-capacitor (SC) current source were used to reduce the sensitivity to PVT variations. The LC-VCO was designed with the usage of Low-Leakage UMC 90 nm CMOS technology. It achieves phase noise of −117 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset and draws 1.2 mA (VCO+Quadrature Divider) from 1.2 V supply voltage.
Genetic control of root growth: from genes to networks.

BACKGROUND Roots are essential organs for higher plants. They provide the plant with nutrients and water, anchor the plant in the soil, and can serve as energy storage organs. One remarkable feature of roots is that they are able to adjust their growth to changing environments. This adjustment is possible through mechanisms that modulate a diverse set of root traits such as growth rate, diameter, growth direction and lateral root formation. The basis of these traits and their modulation are at the cellular level, where a multitude of genes and gene networks precisely regulate development in time and space and tune it to environmental conditions. SCOPE This review first describes the root system and then presents fundamental work that has shed light on the basic regulatory principles of root growth and development. It then considers emerging complexities and how they have been addressed using systems-biology approaches, and then describes and argues for a systems-genetics approach. For reasons of simplicity and conciseness, this review is mostly limited to work from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, in which much of the research in root growth regulation at the molecular level has been conducted. CONCLUSIONS While forward genetic approaches have identified key regulators and genetic pathways, systems-biology approaches have been successful in shedding light on complex biological processes, for instance molecular mechanisms involving the quantitative interaction of several molecular components, or the interaction of large numbers of genes. However, there are significant limitations in many of these methods for capturing dynamic processes, as well as relating these processes to genotypic and phenotypic variation. The emerging field of systems genetics promises to overcome some of these limitations by linking genotypes to complex phenotypic and molecular data using approaches from different fields, such as genetics, genomics, systems biology and phenomics.