Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alcohol and Stroke: A Case‐Control Study of Drinking Habits Past and Present

Background and Purpose Previous studies have reported a U-shaped relation between alcohol consumption and stroke. Those studies have been criticized for failing to distinguish between lifelong abstainers from alcohol and those who have given up drinking. Methods We examined current and previous drinking habits of 364 cases of acute stroke and 364 community-based control subjects matched for age, sex, and family practitioner. Results Stroke patients were more likely to have been lifelong abstainers from alcohol than were the control subjects. The odds ratio (OR) of lifelong abstainers versus those who had ever drunk regularly was 2.36 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.67 to 3.37). No relation was found between stroke and current nondrinkers. Current male heavy drinkers also had an increased risk of stroke (OR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.08 to 2.31). Conclusions Lifelong abstention from alcohol is associated with an increased risk of stroke. Moderate alcohol consumption may protect against cerebrovascular disease.
Anti-GQ1b antibody as a factor predictive of mechanical ventilation in Guillain-Barré syndrome

Compared with 87 unventilated patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), 44 ventilated patients with GBS more frequently had multiple cranial nerve involvement (91 vs 50%; p < 0.001) and IgG anti-GQ1b antibody (27 vs 8%; p = 0.006). In GBS patients without ophthalmoparesis, the presence of IgG anti-GQ1b antibody was associated with respiratory failure (12 [3/25] vs 0% [0/67]; p = 0.04). The presence of the antibody may be a factor predictive of respiratory failure in GBS.
Reduced Susceptibility to Polyenes Associated with a Missense Mutation in the ERG6 Gene in a Clinical Isolate of Candida glabrata with Pseudohyphal Growth

ABSTRACT Little information is available about the molecular mechanisms responsible for polyene resistance in pathogenic yeasts. A clinical isolate of Candida glabrata with a poor susceptibility to polyenes, as determined by disk diffusion method and confirmed by determination of MIC, was recovered from a patient treated with amphotericin B. Quantitative analysis of sterols revealed a lack of ergosterol and an accumulation of late sterol intermediates, suggesting a defect in the final steps of the ergosterol pathway. Sequencing of CgERG11, CgERG6, CgERG5, and CgERG4 genes revealed exclusively a unique missense mutation in CgERG6 leading to the substitution of a cysteine by a phenylalanine in the corresponding protein. In addition, real-time reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated an overexpression of genes encoding enzymes involved in late steps of the ergosterol pathway. Moreover, this isolate exhibited a pseudohyphal growth whatever the culture medium used, and ultrastructural changes of the cell wall of blastoconidia were seen consisting in a thinner inner layer. Cell wall alterations were also suggested by the higher susceptibility of growing cells to Calcofluor white. Additionally, complementation of this isolate with a wild-type copy of the CgERG6 gene restored susceptibility to polyenes and a classical morphology. Together, these results demonstrated that mutation in the CgERG6 gene may lead to a reduced susceptibility to polyenes and to a pseudohyphal growth due to the subsequent changes in sterol content of the plasma membrane.
Integrative Features of the Yeast Phosphoproteome and Protein–Protein Interaction Map

Following recent advances in high-throughput mass spectrometry (MS)–based proteomics, the numbers of identified phosphoproteins and their phosphosites have greatly increased in a wide variety of organisms. Although a critical role of phosphorylation is control of protein signaling, our understanding of the phosphoproteome remains limited. Here, we report unexpected, large-scale connections revealed between the phosphoproteome and protein interactome by integrative data-mining of yeast multi-omics data. First, new phosphoproteome data on yeast cells were obtained by MS-based proteomics and unified with publicly available yeast phosphoproteome data. This revealed that nearly 60% of ∼6,000 yeast genes encode phosphoproteins. We mapped these unified phosphoproteome data on a yeast protein–protein interaction (PPI) network with other yeast multi-omics datasets containing information about proteome abundance, proteome disorders, literature-derived signaling reactomes, and in vitro substratomes of kinases. In the phospho-PPI, phosphoproteins had more interacting partners than nonphosphoproteins, implying that a large fraction of intracellular protein interaction patterns (including those of protein complex formation) is affected by reversible and alternative phosphorylation reactions. Although highly abundant or unstructured proteins have a high chance of both interacting with other proteins and being phosphorylated within cells, the difference between the number counts of interacting partners of phosphoproteins and nonphosphoproteins was significant independently of protein abundance and disorder level. Moreover, analysis of the phospho-PPI and yeast signaling reactome data suggested that co-phosphorylation of interacting proteins by single kinases is common within cells. These multi-omics analyses illuminate how wide-ranging intracellular phosphorylation events and the diversity of physical protein interactions are largely affected by each other.
Opioid-induced Hyperalgesia in Humans: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Considerations

Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) is most broadly defined as a state of nociceptive sensitization caused by exposure to opioids. The state is characterized by a paradoxical response whereby a patient receiving opioids for the treatment of pain may actually become more sensitive to certain painful stimuli. The type of pain experienced may or may not be different from the original underlying painful condition. Although the precise molecular mechanism is not yet understood, it is generally thought to result from neuroplastic changes in the peripheral and central nervous systems that lead to sensitization of pronociceptive pathways. OIH seems to be a distinct, definable, and characteristic phenomenon that may explain loss of opioid efficacy in some cases. Clinicians should suspect expression of OIH when opioid treatment effect seems to wane in the absence of disease progression, particularly if found in the context of unexplained pain reports or diffuse allodynia unassociated with the pain as previously observed. This review highlights the important mechanistic underpinnings and clinical ramifications of OIH and discusses future research directions and the latest clinical evidence for modulation of this potentially troublesome clinical phenomenon.
NF‐κB activation through IKK‐i‐dependent I‐TRAF/TANK phosphorylation

NF‐κB is an ubiquitously expressed transcription factor that plays an important role in the immune, anti‐apoptotic and inflammatory responses. NF‐κB is normally sequestered in the cytoplasm by interacting with inhibitory IκB molecules. Upon stimulation, IκB is phosphorylated and subsequently degraded by the proteasome, allowing NF‐κB to translocate into the nucleus where they regulate target gene expression. Two kinases, IKK‐α and IKK‐β, which are responsible for IκB phosphorylation were recently identified. We have recently identified a cytokine inducible IKK‐i, a kinase related to IKK‐α and ‐β. IKK‐i significantly induced NF‐κB activation upon over‐expression, as did IKK‐α and IKK‐β. Unlike IKK‐α and IKK‐β, IKK‐i phosphorylated Ser36 but not Ser32 in vitro, suggesting that IKK‐i activates NF‐κB by distinct mechanisms from the conventional IKKs.
a large part of the problem lies in identifying new health risks in the first place

the Hippocratic oath extols physi­ cians “to first do no harm. ” So, doctors weigh the risks of using a drug—including its side effects—against its benefits for an individual patient. However, as medicines have become more powerful, the risk of side effects has increased: the number of serious and fatal drug­related events reported to the uS Food and Drug administration (FDa; Bethesda, MD, uSa) increased 2.6­fold and 2.7­fold respectively, between 1998 and 2005. Furthermore, the number of serious events increased four times faster than the volume of prescriptions (Moore et al, 2007). these developments— together with a recent spate of highly pub­ licized drug withdrawals—raises several fundamental questions. How can patients be sure that the drugs they take are as safe as is practicable? Do regulating authorities and companies act as quickly as possible to address safety problems that emerge after a drug has been approved? What could be done to improve the regulatory system to better protect patients?
Low-power multimedia scheduling using output pre-buffering

This paper describes BE-OS, a buffer-based energy-efficient CPU scheduler for mobile devices that primarily run real-time multimedia applications. BE-OS is an operating system algorithm on low-power hardware technique such as dynamic voltage scaling (DVS), which has been a key technique in taking advantage of hardware characteristics of processor (CPU) to reduce energy consumption. DVS provides operating system with the ability to dynamically change processor's clock frequency and thus optimize energy consumption. The pre-buffering technique for multimedia output is a key motivation for our algorithm that keeps output data (frames) of real-time multimedia applications in the buffers temporarily. We aimed the fact that the buffer absorbs the variation of CPU workload. Our control algorithm observes how much the buffer is occupied, and adjusts CPU frequency accordingly. This frequency adjustment operates as a feedback control system for the buffer. Mathematical analysis shows that this control model is stable and well-behaved. This buffer-based algorithm eliminates CPU idle time fully, minimizing energy consumption compared with previously proposed algorithms. And our scheduling algorithm enables BE-OS to support multiple task case, which includes not only buffer-enabled multimedia tasks, but also interactive tasks. Our simulation results show that overall operation of BE-OS is successful in guaranteeing both quick response of interactive tasks and QoS of multimedia tasks. And the results indicates that compared to previously proposed algorithms, BE-OS saves energy by 20% to 70% while delivering almost perfect QoS guarantees for multimedia playbacks.
Performance-enhancing role of dietary fatty acids in a long-distance migrant shorebird: the semipalmated sandpiper

SUMMARY At the end of summer, semipalmated sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) traveling from the Arctic stop in the Bay of Fundy (east coast of Canada) to build large fat reserves before a non-stop flight to South America. During a 2-week stopover, the body mass of this small shorebird is doubled (∼20 g to 40 g) by feeding on a burrowing amphipod, Corophium volutator, that contains unusually high levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In mammals, high n-3 PUFA content of membrane phospholipids (PL) is linked to improved exercise performance due to increased membrane fluidity that accelerates transmembrane lipid transport. We hypothesized that dietary n-3 PUFA could be used as a natural `performance-enhancing substance' by semipalmated sandpipers to prepare their flight muscles for migration. Also, PUFA stored as fuel in neutral lipids (NL) can be mobilized more quickly than saturated fatty acids, but they contain less energy per unit mass. It is therefore unclear whether dietary fatty acids are modified before storage. Birds were collected at various stages of fat loading to examine changes in the composition of tissue PL (membranes) and NL (fuel stores). Results show that dietary n-3 PUFA are incorporated in tissue lipids in less than 2 weeks. During the stopover, the double bond index of muscle PL increases by 25% and the fatty acid profiles of both muscle PL and adipose NL converge with that of the diet. However, >50% of dietary n-3 PUFA are converted to other fatty acids before storage, mainly to oleate (18:1), possibly because monounsaturates offer a compromise between high energy density and ease of mobilization. This study shows that long-distance migrant birds can (1) use natural diets rich in specific lipids to prime flight muscles for endurance exercise, and (2) modify dietary fatty acids before storing them as fuel.
Interactive Join Query Inference with JIM

Specifying join predicates may become a cumbersome task in many situations e.g., when the relations to be joined come from disparate data sources, when the values of the attributes carry little or no knowledge of metadata, or simply when the user is unfamiliar with querying formalisms. Such task is recurrent in many traditional data management applications, such as data integration, constraint inference, and database denormalization, but it is also becoming pivotal in novel crowdsourcing applications. We present Jim (Join Inference Machine), a system for interactive join specification tasks, where the user infers an n-ary join predicate by selecting tuples that are part of the join result via Boolean membership queries. The user can label tuples as positive or negative, while the system allows to identify and gray out the uninformative tuples i.e., those that do not add any information to the final learning goal. The tool also guides the user to reach her join inference goal with a minimal number of interactions.
MiRNA in atopic dermatitis

MicroRNAs are relatively new molecules that have been widely studied in recent years as to determine their exact function in the human body. It is suggested that microRNAs control approx. 30% of all genes, making them one of the largest groups that control the expression of proteins. Various functions of miRNAs have already been described. In skin diseases, there are more and more studies describing an altered expression of microRNAs in the skin or serum. Relatively little is known about the function of these molecules in atopic dermatitis, which prompted us to gather current reports on this subject.
Systematic Review of Interventions Focusing on Indigenous Pre-Adolescent and Adolescent Healthy Lifestyle Changes

Indigenous people experience higher prevalence of chronic disease, which is associated with sedentary behavior, physical inactivity, and poor nutrition. This systematic review explores interventions targeting health and lifestyle choices through nutrition, diet, and exercise of indigenous adolescents. Interventions were analyzed for incorporation of community involvement and cultural competency. Searches were conducted using the PubMed MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases, as well as journals dedicated to indigenous studies. Of 255 articles retrieved, seven articles describing six interventions met inclusion criteria. All of the interventions included community involvement with most demonstrating cultural competency toward the indigenous culture. In general, interventions demonstrated positive retention and completion rates, despite mixed outcomes related to diet, nutrition, and exercise. Findings reflect the paucity of research published in this area. Community involvement and cultural competency may impact receptivity of interventions according to process variables; however, additional research is needed to identify specific variables that may impact lifestyles of indigenous youth.
COMPOSITE COMPACT TRIPLE-BAND MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS

Two new triple band small size composite-resonator microstrip antenna conflgurations for wireless communications are presented in this paper. The proposed antennas, each is built of three resonant elements. Two types of compact short-circuited resonators are used; stepped impedance and quarter-wave resonators. The design procedure based on composing the antenna resonators is straightforward and can be applied to design any triple band antenna at three pre-specifled bands using simple relations and design curves. The resonator integration has been performed to maintain single feed, reduce the overall antenna size, and preserve the quality-performance at each band. The two designed antennas are simulated, optimized, and realized on RT/Duroid substrate to verify the concept. Simulation and experimental results are in good agreement and demonstrate the performance of both triple band compact antennas.
P‐Glycoprotein, Multidrug Resistance and Protein Kinase C

The multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotype is a well‐studied subject that has been recognized as a determinant underlying specific types of drug resistance in human cancer. Although it is clear that the P‐glycoprotein plays a major role in MDR, it is not clear whether post‐translational modifications such as phosphorylation have any major impact on its modulation.
Inter-viewing the Amazon Web Salespersons: Trends, Complementarities and Competition

Recommendation systems are at the core of Web 2.0 acting like "virtual" salespersons that collaboratively filter and propose products to consumers of Web stores. This article investigates the Amazon co-purchase network, which is formed by every recommendation of the top selling products in all product categories. Analysis of motifs and communities has been employed in order to understand the basic patterns of aggregate consumption. Network analysis revealed that Amazon has evolved into a book-based multi-store with strong cross-category connections. In addition, co-purchase links not only manifest complementary consumption, but also switching among competitive products. As expected, top selling products are important in the co-purchase network, acting as hubs, authorities and brokers in consumer preferences. Unexpectedly, it was found that ostensibly competitive products are consumed as complements because of the existence of compatibility and compatible products that facilitate their joint consumption.
Spatial coordination between chromosomes and cell division proteins in Escherichia coli

To successfully propagate, cells need to coordinate chromosomal replication and segregation with cell division to prevent formation of DNA-less cells and cells with damaged DNA. Here, we review molecular systems in Escherichia coli that are known to be involved in positioning the divisome and chromosome relative to each other. Interestingly, this well-studied micro-organism has several partially redundant mechanisms to achieve this task; none of which are essential. Some of these systems determine the localization of the divisome relative to chromosomes such as SlmA-dependent nucleoid occlusion, some localize the chromosome relative to the divisome such as DNA translocation by FtsK, and some are likely to act on both systems such as the Min system and newly described Ter linkage. Moreover, there is evidence that E. coli harbors other divisome-chromosome coordination systems in addition to those known. The review also discusses the minimal requirements of coordination between chromosomes and cell division proteins needed for cell viability. Arguments are presented that cells can propagate without any dedicated coordination between their chromosomes and cell division machinery at the expense of lowered fitness.
Gene structure, promoter characterization, and basis for alternative mRNA splicing of the human CD58 gene.

The 60-kDa lymphocyte function-associated Ag-3 (LFA-3/CD58), a highly glycosylated adhesion molecule that serves as ligand for the T cell-restricted glycoprotein CD2, is encoded by a gene at the human chromosome locus 1p13. We have elucidated the exon-intron organization of the entire human CD58 gene, including approximately 2.5 kilobases (kb) of 5'-flanking DNA. Four overlapping genomic clones, spanning approximately 65 kb, contained the entire approximately 1-kb coding sequence of CD58 and consisted of six separate exons, which varied from 72 to 294 bp in size. At least two different CD58 mRNA precursors can be generated from the human gene as a result of alternative choice of one of the two acceptor splice sites located within exon 5. DNA sequence analysis of about 2.5 kb of 5'-flanking sequence of the CD58 gene indicated the absence of a CAAT box. However, potential binding sites for the transcriptional activators AP-2, GATA, PU.1, and Sp-1 are present. Two consensus TATAA elements, located approximately 2.4 kb upstream of the transcriptional start site, have been identified. The 2.5-kb CD58 promoter sequence displayed functional activity in transient transfection assays in the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. Comparing the response of CD58 promoter-driven luciferase plasmids to several cytokines and other agents suggests that the CD58 promoter is regulated by up-regulatory, enhancer-like and down-regulatory, silencer-like elements. Further analysis of this region should allow researchers to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms by which this gene is regulated, e.g., during inflammatory responses.
Intuition in judgment and decision making

Contents: H. Plessner, C. Betsch, T. Betsch, Preface. Part I: The Nature of Intuition. T. Betsch, The Nature of Intuition and Its Neglect in Research on Judgment and Decision Making. S. Epstein, Intuition From the Perspective of Cognitive-Experiential Self-Theory. R. Deutsch, F. Strack, Variants of Judgment and Decision-Making: The Perspective of the Reflective-Impulsive Model. R.M. Hamm, Cue by Hypothesis Interactions in Descriptive Modeling of Unconscious Use of Multiple Intuitve Judgment Strategies. K.G. Volz, D. Yves von Cramron, Can Neuroscience Tell a Story About Intuition? Part II: Learning and Intuition. R.M. Hogarth, On the Learning of Intuition. H. Plessner, T. Betsch, E. Schallies, C. Schwieren, Automatic Online-Formation of Implicit Attitudes Towards Politicians as a Basis for Intuitive Voting Behavior. M. Raab, J.G. Johnson, Implicit Learning as a Means to Intuitive Decision Making in Sports. I. Erev, D. Shimonowitch, A. Schurr, R. Hertwig, Base Rates: How to Make the Intuitive Mind Appreciate or Neglect Them. K. Fiedler, Y. Kareev, Implications and Ramifications of a Sample-Size Approach to Intuition. Part III: Emotion and Intuition. M. Zeelenberg, R. Nelissen, R. Pieters, Emotion, Motivation, and Decision Making: A Feeling-Is-for-Doing Approach. E.U. Weber, P. Lindemann, From Intuition to Analysis: Making Decisions With Your Head, Your Heart, or by the Book. J. Haidt, S. Kesebir, In the Forest of Value: Why Moral Intuitions Are Different From Other Kinds. C. Betsch, Chronic Preferences for Intuition and Deliberation in Decision Making: Lessons Learned About Intuition From an Individual Differences Approach. Part IV: The Assets and Deficits of Intuition. H. Plessner, S. Czenna, The Benefits of Intuition. S. Haberstroh, Intuitive and Deliberate Strategies in Frequency Estimation. C. Unkelbach, H. Plessner, The Sampling Trap of Intuitive Judgments: Can Reflection Reach Beyond Sampling Constraints? S. Catty, J. Halberstadt, The Use and Disruption of Familiarity in Intuitive Judgments. A. Gloeckner, Does Intuition Beat Fast and Frugal Heuristics? A Systematic Empirical Analysis.