Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A numerical study of infinitely renormalizable area-preserving maps

It has been shown in Gaidashev and Johnson [D. Gaidashev and T. Johnson, Dynamics of the universal area-preserving map associated with period doubling: stable sets, J. Mod. Dyn. 3(4) (2009), pp. 555–587. ] and Gaidashev et al. [D. Gaidashev, T. Johnson, and M. Martens, Rigidity for infinitely renormalizable area-preserving maps, in preparation. ] that infinitely renormalizable area-preserving maps admit invariant Cantor sets with a maximal Lyapunov exponent equal to zero. Furthermore, the dynamics on these Cantor sets for any two infinitely renormalizable maps is conjugated by a transformation that extends to a differentiable function whose derivative is Hölder continuous of exponent α > 0. In this article we investigate numerically the specific value of α. We also present numerical evidence that the normalized derivative cocycle with the base dynamics in the Cantor set is ergodic. Finally, we compute renormalization eigenvalues to a high accuracy to support a conjecture that the renormalization spectrum is real.
The Type Ic SN 2007gr: a census of the ejecta from late-time optical–infrared spectra

Nebular spectra of supernovae (SNe) offer an unimpeded view of the inner region of the ejecta, where most nucleosynthesis takes place. Optical spectra cover most, but not all, of the emitting elements and therefore offer only a partial view of the products of the explosion. Simultaneous optical-infrared spectra, on the other hand, contain emission lines of all important elements, from C and O through to the intermediate mass elements (IME) Mg, Si, S, Ca and to Fe and Ni. In particular, Si and S are best seen in the IR. The availability of IR data makes it possible to explore in greater detail the results of the explosion. SN 2007 gr is the first Type Ic SN for which such data are available. Modelling the spectra with a non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) code reveals that the inner ejecta contain ∼1 M ⊙ of material within a velocity of ≈4500 km s ―1 . The same mass of 56 Ni derived from the light-curve peak (0.076 M ⊙ ) was used to power the spectrum, yielding consistent results. Oxygen is the dominant element, contributing ∼0.8 M ⊙ . The C/O ratio is <0.2. IME account for ∼0.1 M ⊙ . This confirms that SN 2007gr was the explosion of a low-mass CO core, probably the result of a star of main-sequence mass ≈ 15 M ⊙ . The ratios of the Ca II lines, and those of Fe II , are sensitive to the assumed degree of clumping. In particular, the optical lines of [Fe II ] become stronger, relative to the IR lines, for higher degrees of clumping.
Toric topology

Toric geometry is a bridge connecting algebraic geometry and combinatorics. Through this bridge, some problems and results in combinatorics can be interpreted in terms of algebraic geometry and vice versa. For example, counting lattice points in a lattice convex polytope and KouchnirenkoBernstein’s theorem describing the relation between the number of solutions of a system of Laurent polynomials and Minkowski’s mixed volume of the Newton polytopes associated with the equations are such a problem or a result (see [22], [72], [46]). Among them, the solution of McMullen’s conjecture ([65]) by Stanley [81] must have been striking. McMullen’s conjecture says that the face numbers of simplicial polytopes would be characterized by three conditions. Stanley proved the necessity of these three conditions by applying the Poincaré duality theorem (topology), the hard Lefschetz theorem (algebraic geometry) and Macaulay’s theorem (commutative algebra) to the projective toric orbifolds associated with the simplicial polytopes. On the other hand, Billera-Lee [4] constructed simplicial polytopes satisfying those three conditions almost at the same time, so that McMullen’s conjecture was affirmatively solved dramatically. It was around 1980. This result is now called the g-theorem (see [22], [37]). The theory of toric geometry can be developed using topology instead of algebraic geometry to some extent ([17], [9], [35], [55]). Namely, one can construct a bridge between topology and combinatorics. Since the method is topological, the geometrical object treated there need not be algebraic varieties. Moreover, the combinatorial object which appears is a wider class than that in toric geometry and one can see a natural generalization of results on convex polytopes in combinatorics to the wider class. One can also see the difference between algebraic geometry and topology through the generalization. In this article, the author will explain toric topology from this point of view. Nigel Ray is probably the first person who initiated the word toric topology but he uses this word in a wider meaning than used here. We restrict our concern to smooth manifolds or orbifolds in this article but Ray uses the word toric topology for the study of not only manifolds or orbifolds but also topological spaces with symmetry (especially torus actions) which fit well to combinatorics.
Dehn twists and free subgroups of symplectic mapping class groups

Given two Lagrangian spheres in an exact symplectic manifold, we find conditions under which the Dehn twists about them generate a free non‐abelian subgroup of the symplectic mapping class group. This extends a result of Ishida for Riemann surfaces [‘The structure of subgroup of mapping class groups generated by two Dehn twists’, Proc. Japan Acad. Ser. A Math. Sci. 72 (1996) 240–241]. The proof generalizes the categorical version of Seidelˈs long exact sequence [‘A long exact sequence for symplectic Floer cohomology’, Topology 42 (2003) 1003–1063] to arbitrary powers of a fixed Dehn twist. We also show that the Milnor fibre of any isolated degenerate hypersurface singularity contains such pairs of spheres.
A Primary Study: Investigation of the In vitro Salt Stress Effects on Development in Thymus Cilicicus Boiss. & Bal

Since plants are soil-dependent organisms, they are directly exposed to biotic and abiotic stress factors. Of these factors, salinity has a direct effect on the growth and development of plants, and salinity at increasing rates can be critical for the viability of plant species. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of increasing in vitro salinity on the growth of endemic Thymus cilicicus Boiss. & Bal. In this context, it has been observed that increasing concentrations of salinity suppress growth, and this study is a preliminary study to investigate the effects of salinity stress at the molecular level in the future.
Effect of β-Mannanase Addition during Whole Pigs Fattening on Production Yields and Intestinal Health

Simple Summary Raw materials used in the manufacture of pig feed may contain anti-nutritional elements. These include β-mannans: oligosaccharides that produce a state of unnecessary inflammation in the intestine, hindering the absorption of nutrients and worsening animal performance. In this trial, an enzyme that degrades these sugars was used throughout the growing–finishing period, also reducing the energy of this feed (HC), compared to a control feed (CON). The animals were weighed, and growth and FCR were calculated. In addition, fecal consistency, gastric lesions at slaughter and a battery of 16 biomarkers in feces and tissues, indicators of intestinal integrity and immune stimulation, were studied. HC animals grew as well as CON animals and had a lower FCR. In addition, an anti-inflammatory state was observed in feces and in jejunum and ileum tissue at slaughter, suggesting that the use of this enzyme effectively controls the β-mannan-derived immune reaction. Abstract The presence of β-mannans in feed can produce a futile and chronic immune stimulation in fattening pigs. In this trial, a 1-4-endo-D-β-mannanase was added to the feed (HC) during growth and fattening (0.03% of Hemicell HT) and physical performance and pathological data were recorded, and intestinal integrity and immune activation were studied by molecular biomarkers, compared to a control group (CON). The treatment diet was reduced in energy content by 40 Kcal/kg NE. From each group, 113 and 112 animals housed in 8 pens were individually identified and weighed three times: at 7th, 63rd and 116th days in feed. The FCR was calculated for groups of two pens and ADG individually. There was no difference in ADG (CON = 0.836, HC = 0.818) nor in FCR between groups (p = 0.486). During growth, there was a higher frequency of normal feces in HC and there were also no differences in the frequency of gastric lesions. A significant increase in Claudin, Occludin, IFN-γ and IL8 was observed in the CON in feces and a significant decrease in IL-6 in HC. In tissues, there were differences for IL-12p40, TNF-alpha in jejunum (increased CON) and TGF-β in ileum and jejunum, (decreased HC). The economic performance was EUR 4.7 better in the treated group. In conclusion, the addition of 1-4-endo-D-β--mannanase to the feed with a 1.6% reduction in net energy compared to the control, allowed the animals to perform as well as the animals on the higher energy diet, with lower prevalence of diarrhea.
Why could ice ages be unpredictable

Abstract. It is commonly accepted that the variations of Earth's orbit and obliquity control the timing of Pleistocene glacial–interglacial cycles. Evidence comes from power spectrum analysis of palaeoclimate records and from inspection of the timing of glacial and deglacial transitions. However, we do not know how tight this control is. Is it, for example, conceivable that random climatic fluctuations could cause a delay in deglaciation, bad enough to skip a full precession or obliquity cycle and subsequently modify the sequence of ice ages? To address this question, seven previously published conceptual models of ice ages are analysed by reference to the notion of generalised synchronisation. Insight is being gained by comparing the effects of the astronomical forcing with idealised forcings composed of only one or two periodic components. In general, the richness of the astronomical forcing allows for synchronisation over a wider range of parameters, compared to periodic forcing. Hence, glacial cycles may conceivably have remained paced by the astronomical forcing throughout the Pleistocene. However, all the models examined here show regimes of strong structural dependence on parameters. This means that small variations in parameters or random fluctuations may cause significant shifts in the succession of ice ages. Whether the actual system actually resides in such a regime depends on the amplitude of the effects associated with the astronomical forcing, which significantly differ across the different models studied here. The possibility of synchronisation on eccentricity is also discussed and it is shown that a high Rayleigh number on eccentricity, as recently found in observations, is no guarantee of reliable synchronisation.
X-RAY SPECTRA OF THE HIGH-MASS X-RAY BINARY 4U 1700-37 USING BEPPOSAX, SUZAKU, AND RXTE OBSERVATIONS

We present an X-ray spectral analysis of the high-mass binary 4U 1700-37 during its hard-soft state evolution. We use BeppoSAX, Suzaku, and Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer observations for this investigation. We argue that the X-ray broadband spectra during all of the spectral states can be adequately reproduced by a model consisting of a low-temperature blackbody component, two Comptonized components which are both due to the presence of a Compton cloud (CC) that up-scatters seed photons of Ts1 ≲ 1.4 keV and Ts2 < 1 keV, and an iron-line component. Using this model, we find that the photon power-law index is almost constant, Γ1 ∼ 2 for all spectral states. However, Γ2 shows behavior that is dependent on the spectral state. Namely, Γ2 is quasi-constant at the level of Γ2 ∼ 2 while the CC plasma temperature kT e ( 2 ) is less than 40 keV; on the other hand, Γ2 is in the range of 1.3 < Γ2 < 2 when kT e ( 2 ) is greater than 40 keV. We explain this quasi-stability of Γ during most of the hard-soft transitions of 4U 1700-37 in the framework of a model in which the resulting spectrum is described by two Comptonized components. We find that these Comptonized spectral components of the high-mass X-ray binaries 4U 1700-37 are similar to those previously found in neutron star (NS) sources. This index dependence versus both the mass accretion rate and kTe revealed in 4U 1700-37 is universal observational evidence for the presence of an NS in 4U 1700-37.
THE CARNEGIE-IRVINE GALAXY SURVEY. II. ISOPHOTAL ANALYSIS

The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey (CGS) is a comprehensive investigation of the physical properties of a complete, representative sample of 605 bright (BT ⩽ 12.9 mag) galaxies in the southern hemisphere. This contribution describes the isophotal analysis of the broadband (BVRI) optical imaging component of the project. We pay close attention to sky subtraction, which is particularly challenging for some of the large galaxies in our sample. Extensive crosschecks with internal and external data confirm that our calibration and sky subtraction techniques are robust with respect to the quoted measurement uncertainties. We present a uniform catalog of one-dimensional radial profiles of surface brightness and geometric parameters, as well as integrated colors and color gradients. Composite profiles highlight the tremendous diversity of brightness distributions found in disk galaxies and their dependence on Hubble type. A significant fraction of S0 and spiral galaxies exhibit non-exponential profiles in their outer regions. We perform Fourier decomposition of the isophotes to quantify non-axisymmetric deviations in the light distribution. We use the geometric parameters, in conjunction with the amplitude and phase of the m = 2 Fourier mode, to identify bars and quantify their size and strength. Spiral arm strengths are characterized using the m = 2 Fourier profiles and structure maps. Finally, we utilize the information encoded in the m = 1 Fourier profiles to measure disk lopsidedness. The databases assembled here and in Paper I lay the foundation for forthcoming scientific applications of CGS.
Childhood Trauma and Dissociation Correlates in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Sample of 587 French Subjects Hospitalized in a Rehabilitation Center

This study aimed to determine whether dissociative symptoms and childhood trauma (CT) may help identify a specific subgroup of patients among those hospitalized for alcohol use disorder (AUD). We assessed 587 patients hospitalized for an AUD in a French addiction rehabilitation center (cross-sectional study) regarding dissociative symptoms (DES-taxon), childhood trauma (CTQ), depression (BDI), anxiety (STAI-state and STAI-trait), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; PCL-5), and AUD symptoms (AUDIT). We ran a hierarchical cluster analysis and compared the clusters in terms of dissociation and CT, as well as AUD, depressive, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. We identified three clusters of patients: (1) patients with low AUD severity and low dissociation (LALD); (2) patients with high AUD severity and low dissociation (HALD); (3) patients with high AUD severity and high dissociation (HAHD). Patients from the HAHD group had significantly higher dissociation and more severe depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms than those with LALD and HALD. They also reported more emotional and sexual abuse than those with LALD. Among patients with an AUD, those with high dissociation may constitute an independent subgroup that exhibits a higher prevalence for CT and higher AUD severity, as well as higher depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. Patients with more severe AUD and associated psychiatric symptoms should be systematically screened for dissociation and provided with tailor-based treatments.
Embedding truncated skew polynomial rings into matrix rings and embedding of a ring into 2x2 supermatrices

For an endomorphism s of R with s^{t}=1 we prove that the truncated polynomial ring (algebra) R[w,s]/(w^{t}) embeds into M_{t}(R[z]/(z^{t})). For an involution we exhibit an embedding of R into M_{2,1}^{s}(R), where M_{2,1}^{s}(R) is the algebra of the so called (s,2,1) supermatrices.
Examples of non exact 1-subexponential $C^*$-algebras

This is a complement to our previous paper on the arxiv on quantum expanders and geometry of operator spaces. We show that there is a non-exact $C^*$-algebra that is 1-subexponential, and we give several other complements to the results of that paper. Our example can be described very simply using random matrices: Let ${X_j^{(m)}\mid j=1,2,. }$ be an i.i. d. sequence of random $m\times m$-matrices distributed according to the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble (GUE). For each $j$ let $u_j(\omega)$ be the block direct sum defined by $$u_j(\omega)= \oplus_{m\ge 1} X_j^{(m)}(\omega)\in \oplus_{m\ge 1} M_m. $$ Then for almost every $\omega$ the $C^*$-algebra generated by ${u_j(\omega) \mid j=1,2,. }$ is 1-subexponential but is not exact. The GUE is a matrix model for the semi-circular distribution. We can also use instead the analogous circular model.
HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE PIXEL ANALYSIS OF THE INTERACTING FACE-ON SPIRAL GALAXY NGC 5194 (M51A)

A pixel analysis is carried out on the interacting face-on spiral galaxy NGC 5194 (M51A), using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) images in the F435W, F555W, and F814W (BVI) bands. After 4 × 4 binning of the HST/ACS images to secure a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio for each pixel, we derive several quantities describing the pixel color–magnitude diagram (pCMD) of NGC 5194: blue/red color cut, red pixel sequence parameters, blue pixel sequence parameters, and blue-to-red pixel ratio. The red sequence pixels are mostly older than 1 Gyr, while the blue sequence pixels are mostly younger than 1 Gyr, in their luminosity-weighted mean stellar ages. The color variation in the red pixel sequence from V = 20 mag arcsec−2 to V = 17 mag arcsec−2 corresponds to a metallicity variation of Δ[Fe/H] ∼2 or an optical depth variation of ΔτV ∼ 4 by dust, but the actual sequence is thought to originate from the combination of those two effects. At V < 20 mag arcsec−2, the color variation in the blue pixel sequence corresponds to an age variation from 5 Myr to 300 Myr under the assumption of solar metallicity and τV = 1. To investigate the spatial distributions of stellar populations, we divide pixel stellar populations using the pixel color–color diagram and population synthesis models. As a result, we find that the pixel population distributions across the spiral arms agree with a compressing process by spiral density waves: dense dust → newly formed stars. The tidal interaction between NGC 5194 and NGC 5195 appears to enhance the star formation at the tidal bridge connecting the two galaxies. We find that the pixels corresponding to the central active galactic nucleus (AGN) area of NGC 5194 show a tight sequence at the bright-end of the pCMD, which are in the region of R ∼ 100 pc and may be a photometric indicator of AGN properties.
Lattice cohomology and Seiberg-Witten invariants of normal surface singularities

One of the main questions in the theory of normal surface singularities is to understand the relations between their geometry and topology. The lattice cohomology is an important tool in the study of topological properties of a plumbed 3-manifold M associated with a connected negative definite plumbing graph G. It connects the topological properties with analytic ones when M is realized as a singularity link, i.e. when G is a good resolution graph of the singularity. Its computation is based on the (Riemann-Roch) weights of the lattice points of \Z^s, where s is the number of vertices of G. The first part of the thesis reduces the rank of this lattice to the number of `bad' vertices of the graph. Usually, the geometry/topology of M is encoded exactly by these `bad' vertices and their number measures how far the plumbing graph stays from a rational one. In the second part, we identify the following three objects: the Seiberg-Witten invariant of a plumbed 3-manifold, the periodic constant of its topological Poincare series, and a coefficient of an equivariant multivariable Ehrhart polynomial. For this, we construct the corresponding polytope from the plumbing graph, together with an action of H_1(M,\Z), and we develop Ehrhart theory for them. The effect of the reduction appears also at the level of the multivariable topological Poincare series, simplifying the corresponding polytope and the Ehrhart theory as well. We end the thesis with detailed calculations and examples.
European Brown Hare Syndrome in Poland: Current Epidemiological Situation

European brown hare syndrome (EBHS) is one of the main causes of mortality in brown hares (Lepus europaeus) and mountain hares (Lepus timidus) in Europe. Since the mid-1990s, this highly lethal and contagious plague has been widespread in many European countries, contributing to a drastic decline in the number of free-living and farmed hares. A second lagovirus, able to infect some species of hares is rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2; GI.2) recognised in 2010, a new viral emergence of RHDV (GI.1) which is known to be responsible for haemorrhagic disease in rabbits—RHD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current EBHS epidemiological situation on the basis of the presence of antibodies to European brown hare syndrome virus (EBHSV) and anti-RHDV2 antibodies in sera collected from free-ranging hares in Central and Southeastern Poland in 2020–2021. Additionally, studies on the presence of EBHSV and RHDV2 antigens or their genetic material in the blood and internal organs taken from brown hares between 2014–2021 have been carried out. The results of the serological examination showed nearly 88% of tested blood samples were positive for EBHSV antibodies. No EBHSV was identified in the examined hares using virological and molecular tests. The positive results of EBHS serological studies confirmed the circulation and maintenance of EBHSV in free-living brown hares in Poland. However, no serological, virological or molecular evidence was obtained indicating that the brown hares tested had been in contact with RHDV2.
Green Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Annona glabra and Annona squamosa Extracts with Antimicrobial, Anticancer, Apoptosis Potentials, Assisted by In Silico Modeling, and Metabolic Profiling

Annona glabra L. (AngTE) and Annona squamosa L. (AnsTE) fruits have been widely used in cancer treatment. Accordingly, their extracts were used to synthesize silver nanoparticles via a biogenic route (Ang-AgNPs) and (Ans-AgNPs), respectively. Chemical profiling was established using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. All species were tested for anticancer activity against human cervical cancer cells (HeLa), prostate adenocarcinoma metastatic (PC3), and ovary adenocarcinoma (SKOV3) using sulphorhodamine B assay. Apoptosis was determined using Annexin flow cytometry along with cell cycle analysis and supported by a molecular docking. The antibacterial and synergistic effect when combined with gentamicin were evaluated. A total of 114 compounds were tentatively identified, mainly acetogenins and ent-kaurane diterpenes. AnsTE and Ans-AgNPs had the most potent cytotoxicity on HeLa and SKOV3 cells, inducing a significant apoptotic effect against all tumor cells. The AnsTE and Ans-AgNPs significantly arrested PC3, SKOV3, and HeLa cells in the S phase. The nanoparticles demonstrated greater antibacterial and antifungal activities, as well as a synergistic effect with gentamicin against P. aeruginosa and E. coli. Finally, a molecular docking was attempted to investigate the binding mode of the identified compounds in Bcl-2 proteins’ receptor, implying that the fruits and their nanoparticles are excellent candidates for treating skin infections in patients with ovarian or prostatic cancer.