Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bond Graph and Flatness-Based Control of a Salient Permanent Magnetic Synchronous Motor

Abstract This paper deals with flatness-based control of a salient permanent-magnet synchronous motor in the bond graph (BG) domain. It develops two main points. The first proposes and develops a new flat outputs identification procedure valid for multiple-input non-linear BG models without elements in derivative causality assignment. This procedure exploits a variational (tangent) BG model obtained by using Kähler differentials. The second deals with control design based on physical system decomposition into electrical, mechanical, and coupling submodels. Each loop of the decomposition tracks a reference for the local flat output of the corresponding subsystem. This decomposition enables the designing of a control block for each submodel by means of system inversion using the concept of bicausality. Then, the resulting blocks are concatenated in order to build the global controller. Finally, the global stability of the feedback system for both cases (known and unknown load torques) is tested and the control scheme is assessed through simulations in order to illustrate the performances of the method.
Hyperthermia of Magnetically Soft-Soft Core-Shell Ferrite Nanoparticles

Magnetically soft-soft MnFe2O4-Fe3O4 core-shell nanoparticles were synthesized through a seed-mediated method using the organometallic decomposition of metal acetyl acetonates. Two sets of core-shell nanoparticles (S1 and S2) of similar core sizes of 5.0 nm and different shell thicknesses (4.1 nm for S1 and 5.7 nm for S2) were obtained by changing the number of nucleating sites. Magnetic measurements were conducted on the nanoparticles at low and room temperatures to study the shell thickness and temperature dependence of the magnetic properties. Interestingly, both core-shell nanoparticles showed similar saturation magnetization, revealing the ineffective role of the shell thickness. In addition, the coercivity in both samples displayed similar temperature dependencies and magnitudes. Signatures of spin glass (SG) like behavior were observed from the field-cooled temperature-dependent magnetization measurements. It was suggested to be due to interface spin freezing. We observed a slight and non-monotonic temperature-dependent exchange bias in both samples with slightly higher values for S2. The effective magnetic anisotropy constant was calculated to be slightly larger in S2 than that in S1. The magnetothermal efficiency of the chitosan-coated nanoparticles was determined by measuring the specific absorption rate (SAR) under an alternating magnetic field (AMF) at 200–350 G field strengths and frequencies (495.25–167.30 kHz). The S2 nanoparticles displayed larger SAR values than the S1 nanoparticles at all field parameters. A maximum SAR value of 356.5 W/g was obtained for S2 at 495.25 kHz and 350 G for the 1 mg/mL nanoparticle concentration of ferrogel. We attributed this behavior to the larger interface SG regions in S2, which mediated the interaction between the core and shell and thus provided indirect exchange coupling between the core and shell phases. The SAR values of the core-shell nanoparticles roughly agreed with the predictions of the linear response theory. The concentration of the nanoparticles was found to affect heat conversion to a great extent. The in vitro treatment of the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line and HT-29 human colorectal cancer cell was conducted at selected frequencies and field strengths to evaluate the efficiency of the nanoparticles in killing cancer cells. The cellular cytotoxicity was estimated using flow cytometry and an MTT assay at 0 and 24 h after treatment with the AMF. The cells subjected to a 45 min treatment of the AMF (384.50 kHz and 350 G) showed a remarkable decrease in cell viability. The enhanced SAR values of the core-shell nanoparticles compared to the seeds with the most enhancement in S2 is an indication of the potential for tailoring nanoparticle structures and hence their magnetic properties for effective heat generation.
Adaptive root-locus control for SISO processes with time delays

Two adaptive root-locus control schemes for processes with time delays have been developed. The control design methodologies are based on classical feedback control and Smith predictor structures with simple pole placement. The overall behaviour of both control systems is adapted along the root loci of the system in each control horizon. Since the Smith predictor structure includes time delay compensation, the tuning gain can be enlarged to improve the performance of the control system. The optimal tuning gain is repeatedly updated by an optimization technique when the estimated model is confirmed. A comparison with simplified model predictive control (SMPC) is also given. SMPC in SISO systems is a special case of the proposed control laws.
Quality of Total Ozone Measured by the Focused Sun Method Using a Brewer Spectrophotometer

Strong ozone depletions and large natural variations in total ozone have been observed at high latitudes. Accurate measurements of total ozone are important so as not to misinterpret the involved processes and to track correctly the variations. The primary basis for ground-based monitoring of total ozone is the network of Dobson and Brewer ozone spectrophotometers. However, these instruments have limitations. At high latitudes, the fundamental direct sun observation used by these instruments is not possible during large parts of the year. In particular, the low sun and the resulting weak signals present a challenge. The focused sun observation method can extend the possible range of measurements using the Brewer instrument. Here, this method is discussed from the point of accuracy. Direct (synchronized) validation against the fundamental direct sun method is not possible with the current instrument configuration. Alternative methods to overcome the obstacle of nonsynchronous observations are applied. An estimate of the uncertainty of the validation is provided. The results show that the focused sun method gives data that are in line with the estimated uncertainty of the validation. No major additional uncertainty is needed to explain the observed scatter. The main conclusion is that the focused sun observation method can have an uncertainty close to the fundamental direct sun method and thus can be used to extend the possible range of observation for the Brewer ozone spectrophotometer.
Adolescents’ Nutrition: The Role of Health Literacy, Family and Socio-Demographic Variables

Adolescent obesity rates are increasing on an epidemic level and food intake is one of the most important causes of this condition. From an ecological perspective, food intake is, in turn, influenced by many factors that need to be considered. This study aims to evaluate the associations between socio-demographic factors (gender, family origin, socio-economic status, parent’s education level), which consist of social stratifiers, health literacy and family context, as independent variables, and food intake (consumption of fruits, vegetables, soft drinks and sweets and breakfast frequency) and outcomes (Body Mass Index category), as dependent variables. Data were retrieved from 2145 students (13 and 15 years old) from the Lombardy region (Italy) who participated in the 2018 edition of Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC). Six multiple binary logistic regression models were used in this study. Fruit, vegetable and soft drinks consumption models were related to all three-factor levels. Breakfast consumption frequency was associated with socio-demographic variables. BMI category was associated with socio-demographic and family variables. The results confirmed the existence of social inequalities, the importance of health literacy in predicting healthy behaviours and the relevance of the family context. The study confirms the importance of the ecological approach to understanding food intake and overweight/obesity status in adolescents.
Species delineation and genetic structure of two Chaerephon species (C. pusillus and C. leucogaster) on Madagascar and the Comoro archipelago

Abstract Cryptic species diversity is known to be common in bats but remains challenging to study in these mammals, whose natural history traits render their sampling and monitoring challenging. For these animals, indirect genetic approaches provide a powerful tool to gain insight into the evolutionary history and ecology of cryptic bat species. The speciation history of the polyphyletic Chaerephon pumilus species group (Molossidae) is poorly understood, including those found on western Indian Ocean islands. Two species in this complex have been identified in the Comoros: C. pusillus and C. leucogaster. Here, we aim to genetically characterize these two species and investigate their spatial population genetic structure. Analyzing five nuclear microsatellite markers from 200 individuals and one mitochondrial DNA gene (Cyt‐b) from 161 (out of the 200) individuals sampled on Madagascar and the Comoros, our findings indicated that these species are genetically differentiated. We observed mitonuclear discordance in numerous individuals (33% of the 161 mtDNA‐sequenced individuals). Based on ABC analyses, we found that this pattern could potentially be the result of asymmetric introgressive hybridization from C. leucogaster to C. pusillus and calls for further studies on the demographic history of these species. Moreover, at the intra‐specific level, analyses of the microsatellite loci suggested the evidence of a more pronounced, although weak, geographically based genetic structure in C. pusillus than in C. leucogaster. Altogether, our findings provide preliminary insights into the eco‐evolutionary aspects of this species complex and warrant further research to understand hybridization dynamics and mechanisms responsible for mitonuclear discordance.
DUAL RECIPROCITY BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD FOR THE TIME‐DEPENDENT STOKES FLOWS

This paper presents a boundary element formulation for the transient Stokes equations in which the well known closed form fundamental solution to the steady Stokes equations is employed and the time derivative is taken to the boundary with dual reciprocity method. This approach has the advantage of simplicity of formulation and implementation in relation to the alternative boundary element schemes previously presented. In addition in this paper the dual reciprocity method is presented in a more formal mathematical way using well established interpolation theories which guarantee the convergence of the method. Results are presented for a series of three‐dimensional internal problems in which the accuracy of the method is shown.
An integral equation solution for the breakwater gap problem

The problem of waves passing through a gap in an infinitely long breakwater is reduced to the solution of a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind. Wave amplitudes across the gap are shown to exactly equal incident wave amplitudes, but wave amplitudes throughout the remainder of the flow must be calculated numerically. Solution accuracy is easily checked by comparing solutions for several different boundary node spacings, and it is suggested that this method appears to give results that are easier to calculate and are more accurate than previously calculated solutions.
In Silico Study of Pertussis Toxin S1 for Recombinant Pertussis Vaccine Development in Indonesia

Pertussis or whooping cough is a disease caused by Bordetella pertussis bacteria, and the spread disease can be controlled by vaccination. Currently, some pertussis toxoids are prepared by chemical modification, which makes it possible to change the immunospecificity. To avoid altering the structure of toxoids, genetic modification is considered more harmless than chemical modification. A mutant of R9K/E129G is known to have lower toxicity and can be used as a component of the pertussis vaccine. However, the reason behind the low toxicity of this toxoid at the molecular level remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism behind the low toxicity of R9K/E129G using molecular dynamics simulation. The structure of the mutant was built using the homology modeling approach, and the behavior of wild-type and mutant toxoid were studied by molecular dynamics simulation for 300 ns. The changes in the structure in all systems were calculated by POVME, which was further investigated by molecular docking with NAD+ as the substrate. The results showed that the active site of the wild type was opened in the reducing environment while the mutant remained closed, which hindered the binding of NAD+. In conclusion, the dual mutation of R9K/E129G reduces pertussis toxoid's toxicity by preventing the catalytic site's opening. Therefore, this natural mutant can be further optimized in the development of a safer vaccine for pertussis. Keywords: Pertussis toxin, R9K/E129G mutant, molecular dynamics simulation, NAD+ binding site, vaccine.
THE SYSTEMATICS OF COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS AND STELLAR EVOLUTION

relation between the frequency of double and multiple stars and the space velocity. From a sample including about 200 stars with well-determined observational data it is found that of the stars with space velocities, S, less than 20 km/sec, only one-third are single. On the other hand, of the stars with 5 between 20 and 35 km/sec, 80 percent seem to be single, and for 5 > 35 km/sec nearly all stars are single. Thus, the high-velocity young stars differ from the ordinary ones both with regard to their spectral distribution and their duplicity frequency.
Aluminum alloy profile extrusion simulation using finite volume method on nonorthogonal structured grids

Purpose – The paper aims to use the finite volume method widely used in computational fluid dynamics to avoid the serious remeshing and mesh distortion during aluminium profile extrusion processes simulation when using the finite element method. Block-structured grids are used to fit the complex domain of the extrusion. A finite volume method (FVM) model for aluminium extrusion numerical simulation using non-orthogonal structured grids was established. Design/methodology/approach – The influences of the elements ' nonorthogonality on the governing equations discretization of the metal flow in aluminium extrusion processes were fully considered to ensure the simulation accuracy. Volume-of-fluid (VOF) scheme was used to catch the free surface of the unsteady flow. Rigid slip boundary condition was applied on non-orthogonal grids. Findings – This paper involved a simulation of a typical aluminium extrusion process by the FVM scheme. By comparing the simulation by the FVM model established in this paper with .
Digital Images to the Rescue of Academics as Knowledge Resources for Educating Curriculum Studies Students

Educating is an action of using knowledge to assist students to address their real-world personal needs, generating unique personal skills and values. Digital images, as images that consist of picture elements, have become important resources for sustaining education. A cause of concern is that academics use such images to drive learning for sustainability. The intention is to motivate students thereby, thus enhancing their education. In the process, students must comprehend their unique internal intelligence. As such, this study explores the academics’ usage of digital images to educate curriculum studies students at a university in South Africa. Ten academics were purposively and conveniently sampled for this study. Online reflective activities, focus-group discussions, observations, and semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. A pragmatic paradigm with participatory action research, content analysis, and a natural identity framework were used to frame this study. The findings reveal that academics were able to educate students to understand both large and small pictures of the digital images. The large and small pictures represented performance-based and competence-based curricula. However, it was difficult for the students to apply or link what they experienced by way of the digital images to their curriculum studies and real-world problems until the participatory action research was extended from Phase One to Phase Two. Consequently, this study suggests that the reflection stage of participatory action research is the dominant stage of the education process. Reflection supports students in their quest for understanding their internal intelligence, thus naturally addressing their personal, societal, and professional needs.
The Effect of H133V of α-Amylase Bacillus licheniformis F11 in High Temperature using Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Catalyst plays a central role in the chemical industry. In the starch processing industry, acid-based catalyst is used to degrade starch. Unfortunately, this catalyst is not environmentally friendly. Enzymes catalyzing the starch degradation are the alternative biological catalyst that reduces the potential risks caused by a conventional catalyst. Bacillus licheniformis α-amylase F11 (BLA F11), a locally sourced enzyme from Indonesia, has a great catalytic activity but is less tolerant at high temperatures is promising to be used. Ideally, industrial hydrolysis requires an enzyme with relatively stable at extreme temperatures (95-105˚C). To reach this condition, modification of the BLA F11 at the structural level is required to improve the thermal stability. Substitution at position 133 from valine to histidine was applied to the structure. This modification is expected to be stable at high temperatures. This study aimed to determine the effect of H133V on the structure of BLA F11 using molecular dynamics simulation. In this study, the structure of BLA F11 and its mutant was built using homology modeling and the structural behavior in high temperature was observed using molecular dynamic simulation. Bacillus licheniformis α-amylase (PDB code 1OB0) was used as a positive control because of thermostable. The results showed that the modification of H133V was predicted to have more hydrophobic interactions, which are associated with the positive control. This mutation also reduced the flexibility of the nearby loop and improved the secondary structure stability of β-sheet in the B domain which involved thermal stability. Keywords: Molecular dynamics simulation, Bacillus licheniformis, thermostability, amylase
Subcritical Water as Pretreatment Technique for Bioethanol Production from Brewer’s Spent Grain within a Biorefinery Concept

Bioeconomy and environmental issues envisage industrial by-products such as Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) as renewable resources for their recycling and reuse within a biorefinery concept. This study aimed to investigate the production of bioethanol from subcritical water (subW) pretreated BSG, following the conversion of the BSG biopolymers cellulose and hemicelluloses. The subW pretreatment was performed in a batch reactor at 174 °C, during 60 min and 5% (w/v) of dry BSG charge. The behavior of BSG biopolymers under subW pretreatment was monitored by evaluating the chemical composition of the liquid and solid streams and the chemical and structural changes caused in the solid residues by scanning electron microscope (SEM), CHNS elemental analysis and water retention value (WRV). The production of bioethanol from subW-pretreated BSG was assessed by separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and also by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) by using the enzymatic cocktail Celluclast 1.5 L (40 FPU/gsolids) and the yeast Ethanol Red®. The higher bioethanol productivity (1.073 g∙L−1∙h−1) and concentration (32.18 g/L) were achieved by SSF with higher solids’ loading (25%) and following a fed-batch strategy. These results suggest that subcritical water pretreatment is a promising technology for the valorization of BSG as a feedstock for second-generation bioethanol production.
A Fatal Outcome of SARS-COV-2 Infection: A Case Report of A 60 Years Old Man with Multiple Organ Failure

The infection of Corona Virus Disease – 19 (COVID-19) has spread out in Indonesia. The number of deaths has increased in recent months. Cases of infection are followed by comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular condition have higher risk to develop severe illness. These conditions also give the higher risk of death in patients. Herein, we reported a 60 years old man that was infected with Sar-Cov-2 and had no comorbidities. Before the infection, patient was healthy. In the early phase of infection, clinical manifestations were seen in patients such as fever, cough, nausea and vomiting. A few days after being admitted to the hospital, the condition began to get worse which led to multiple organ failure. Acute kidney injury, liver injury, dysregulation of glucose level and acid base disorder were shown from laboratory tests. Unfortunately, clinical manifestations were poor and the patient passed away.
The Evolving Impact of Robots on Jobs

The authors examine the impact of industrial robots on US labor markets between 2005 and 2016. Because some industries adopt robots more intensively, growth in robot stocks more heavily affect local labor markets with larger employment shares in those industries. This robot exposure variation occurs across 722 commuting zones in the continental United States. Analyzing the five-year intervals within this period, the authors find that robot exposure reduces employment in the earlier periods but augments employment in the more recent periods. Similarly, the effect of robot exposure on the local wage is initially negative but gradually rebounds and turns positive in more recent years. The evolving influence of robots is primarily driven by the automotive industry, in which digitization and automation have not only increased labor productivity but also created new tasks. Findings show evidence of spillover effects on other industries within and outside of manufacturing, which may be explained by input-output linkages and aggregate demand effects.
Dispersion and Disparity: Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis of Research on Climate Change Science Communication

Research on climate change science communication began in the 1980s and is showing continued vitality and a wider interest at present. In order to track the development of global research on the communication of climate change hot topics and frontier progress since the 21st century, methods such as bibliometrics and co-word network analysis were used to analyze the publication of research papers in this field, and a total of 1175 valid papers published in 2000–2021 in the WOS core database were counted. Different dimensions such as temporal trend, spatial distribution, and author collaboration network were analyzed. The results show that, (1) climate change communication research has become a relatively independent research field and has entered a rapid development stage, and this field still has a broad research prospect in the new understanding of climate change and new international context. (2) At present, research in this field is still dominated by developed countries, but developing countries are actively building their unique climate communication discourse. (3) Public understanding and media information presentation have been hot topics in climate communication research in recent years. In the context of changing international situations and the development of global epidemics and new climate policies, changes in national actions will likely lead to new research topics and dialogues. Research shows that climate change science communication research is increasingly showing a trend of decentralization and differentiation.