Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Headache as a symptom of craniomandibular disorders. I: Pathophysiology.

AbstractHeadache is a symptom of many organic and non-organic disorders affecting the craniomandibular system. Knowledgeable dentists may play a vital role in the diagnosis and management of headache patients whose symptoms are attributable to a craniomandibular component. Management of craniomandibular disorders requires an understanding of the dental occlusion, temporomandibular joints and associated musculature, as well as the role of the central nervous system. In order to differentially diagnose head pain of craniomandibular origin from other medical causes, dentists must also possess a fundamental knowledge of pain of vascular, neurologic, psychogenic and neoplastic origin. Medicine and dentistry have an obligation to the patient to better understand all factors potentially responsible for headache and orofacial pain and to make appropriate referrals when indicated.
Anisotropic diffusion-based denoising using residual image for preservation of image details

This paper presents an anisotropic diffusion-based approach to noise reduction, which utilizes the residual image in the wavelet domain to improve the quality of image detail preservation. In the experimental results, the proposed method improves the quality of denoised images by increasing peak signal-to-noise ratio up to 1.17 dB and structural similarity index up to 0.026.
Critical Fragility Analysis for Electro-Mechanical System under Harsh Operating Conditions

For industrial electro-mechanical systems, the compromised design might result in drastically performance degradation under unexpected, sudden operating condition changes, and the possible degradation is considered as the fragility of industrial electromechanical systems in this paper. A minimum system performance index is defined and with the index corresponding the definition of critical fragile status of the system is introduced. This paper discusses the identification of interval system model under harsh operating conditions, uses the frequency response stable margin as the critical fragile status criterion, and proposes a sub-optimal multi-group iteration interval branch-andbound algorithm to search the critical status. Finally, an engineering experiment based on the low temperature tests of a direct drive pump controlled (DDPC) position servo system is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Hormonal Control of Lateral Root and Nodule Development in Legumes

Many plants can establish symbioses with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, some of which lead to nodulation, including legumes. Indeed, in the rhizobium/legume symbiosis, new root organs, called nodules, are formed by the plant in order to host the rhizobia in protective conditions, optimized for nitrogen fixation. In this way, these plants can benefit from the reduction of atmospheric dinitrogen into ammonia by the hosted bacteria, and in exchange the plant provides the rhizobia with a carbon source. Since this symbiosis is costly for the plant it is highly regulated. Both legume nodule and lateral root organogenesis involve divisions of the root inner tissues, and both developmental programs are tightly controlled by plant hormones. In fact, most of the major plant hormones, such as auxin, cytokinins, abscisic acid, and strigolactones, control both lateral root formation and nodule organogenesis, but often in an opposite manner. This suggests that the sensitivity of legume plants to some phytohormones could be linked to the antagonism that exists between the processes of nodulation and lateral root formation. Here, we will review the implication of some major phytohormones in lateral root formation in legumes, compare them with their roles in nodulation, and discuss specificities and divergences from non-legume eudicot plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana.
Photoperiod Mediated Changes in Olfactory Bulb Neurogenesis and Olfactory Behavior in Male White-Footed Mice (Peromyscus leucopus)

Brain plasticity, in relation to new adult mammalian neurons generated in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus, has been well described. However, the functional outcome of new adult olfactory neurons born in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles is not clearly defined, as manipulating neurogenesis through various methods has given inconsistent and conflicting results in lab mice. Several small rodent species, including Peromyscus leucopus, display seasonal (photoperiodic) brain plasticity in brain volume, hippocampal function, and hippocampus-dependent behaviors; plasticity in the olfactory system of photoperiodic rodents remains largely uninvestigated. We exposed adult male P. leucopus to long day lengths (LD) and short day lengths (SD) for 10 to 15 weeks and then examined olfactory bulb cell proliferation and survival using the thymidine analog BrdU, olfactory bulb granule cell morphology using Golgi-Cox staining, and behavioral investigation of same-sex conspecific urine. SD mice did not differ from LD counterparts in granular cell morphology of the dendrites or in dendritic spine density. Although there were no differences due to photoperiod in habituation to water odor, SD mice rapidly habituated to male urine, whereas LD mice did not. In addition, short day induced changes in olfactory behavior were associated with increased neurogenesis in the caudal plexiform and granule cell layers of the olfactory bulb, an area known to preferentially respond to water-soluble odorants. Taken together, these data demonstrate that photoperiod, without altering olfactory bulb neuronal morphology, alters olfactory bulb neurogenesis and olfactory behavior in Peromyscus leucopus.
Factors Associated With Parental Readiness to Make Changes for Overweight Children

Objective. The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing in the United States. However, it has been difficult to help children successfully lose weight and maintain weight loss. Parental involvement in this effort is important. Currently, little is known about parents’ readiness to make behavior changes to help their children lose weight. The objective of this study was to describe demographic factors and parental perceptions associated with parents’ readiness to make weight-reducing lifestyle changes for their overweight and at-risk-for-overweight children. Methods. A total of 151 parents of children who were aged 2 to 12 years and had BMIs ≥85th percentile for age and gender completed a 43-item self-administered questionnaire. Parental stage of change, defined as precontemplation stage, contemplation stage, and preparation/action stage, was determined using an algorithm involving current parental practices and future intentions. Parents in the preparation/action stage were considered to be ready to make behavior changes to help their child lose weight. Maximum-likelihood multinomial logistic regression was used to identify demographics and perceptions associated with parental stage of change. Results. Sixty-two percent of the children had a BMI ≥95th percentile. Their mean age was 7.5 years, and 53% were male. Of the 151 parents, 58 (38%) were in the preparation/action stage of change, 26 (17%) were in the contemplation stage, and 67 (44%) were in the precontemplation stage. Factors associated with being in the preparation/action stage of change were having overweight or older (≥8 years) children, believing that their own weight or child’s weight was above average, and perceiving that their child’s weight was a health problem. After controlling for multiple factors, having an older child (odds ratio [OR]: 2.99; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–7.60), believing that they themselves were overweight (OR: 3.45; 95% CI: 1.36–8.75), and perceiving that their child’s weight was a health problem (OR: 9.75; 95% CI: 3.43–27.67) remained significantly associated with being in the preparation/action stage of change. Conclusions. Several demographic factors and personal perceptions are associated with a parent’s readiness to help his or her child lose weight. Knowledge of these factors may be beneficial to providers and program developers when addressing pediatric overweight with parents and initiating new interventions.
Breast cancer screening preferences among hospitalized women.

BACKGROUND Efforts to increase mammographic screening for early detection of breast cancer among women of lower socioeconomic class and ethnic minorities have been largely unsuccessful. This study explores the receptivity of hospitalized women to inpatient mammography as a novel approach to enhance breast cancer screening. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 hospitalized women, aged 50-75 years, admitted to the medicine services at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center in early 2012. Unpaired t-test and Chi-square tests were used to compare characteristics, barriers, and receptivity to inpatient mammography among women adherent and non-adherent to screening guidelines. RESULTS One-third of women enrolled were African American, and 60% of study participants reported an annual household income of <$20,000. Thirty-nine percent were overdue for screening, of which, 13% never had a mammogram and 28% were at high risk for breast cancer (Gail score ≥1.7%). The commonly reported barriers to screening mammograms were failure to remember appointments and lack of transportation. Most women (91%) believed that it is important for healthcare providers to discuss breast cancer screening while patients are in the hospital. Sixty-eight percent of non-adherent women would agree to have an inpatient screening mammogram if it was due and offered. CONCLUSIONS A significant number of hospitalized women from lower socioeconomic class are at high risk of developing breast cancer and non-adherent to mammographic screening. Inpatient hospital stay may be a feasible time for screening and education to ensure adequate breast care and promote screening among these women.
Canfis based robotic navigation

This paper aims at developing a sensor-based Co-Active adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (CANFIS) for solving navigation problems of the mobile robot in an uncertain environment. The infrared sensor reads the distances of right, front and left obstacle. The collision-free path is accomplished by CANFIS controller which selects the desired steering angle by construing the obstacle distance information measured by the infrared sensor. The simulation of CANFIS based algorithm provides more precise steering angle, which implements the navigation task securely and efficiently in an environment populated with static obstacles.
A clinical study on arthroplasty for failed internal fixation of hip fractures and review of literature

Background & Objective: Hip fracture is common osteoporotic fracture associated sometimes with failed internal fixation. Joint replacement is commonly used to salvage failed internal fixation of hip fractures (FIFHF). Our objective was to present the outcome of Arthroplasty after FIFHF in our patients. Methods: A prospective analysis was made on consecutive patients who underwent prosthetic replacements for FIFHF in Orthopaedics Department of Xuanwu Hospital between June 2012 and January 2015. Fifty six patients were included. There were 32 cases of failed internal fixation of femoral neck fracture (FIFFNF) and 24 cases of failed internal fixation of intertrochanteric fracture (FIFIF). The reoperations included 36 cases of total hip replacements, and 20 cases of bipolar femoral head replacements. Cemented prostheses were used in 19 patients (long-stems in 7 patients), and uncemented prostheses in 37 patients (long-stems in 12 patients). The patients were followed up for a minimum of 12 months or until their death. Results: Two patients died of pulmonary infection in the perioperative period, two died of myocardial infarction in two months after the operation, and the rest survived 12 month follow-up at the least. The mean Harris hip scores of the patients were 47 and 85 before and after the operation, respectively. The rate of Excellent and Good results is 82.7%. T tests showed that difference between pre and post-operation Harris hip scores is statistically significant (p <0.001). Conclusions: Arthroplasty may serve as a suitable salvage technique for FIFHF, and long-stem prosthesis replacement is proved to obtain reliable curative effect, especially in FIFIF.
The Mechanical Benefit of Medial Support Screws in Locking Plating of Proximal Humerus Fractures

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical advantages of medial support screws (MSSs) in the locking proximal humeral plate for treating proximal humerus fractures. Methods Thirty synthetic left humeri were randomly divided into 3 subgroups to establish two-part surgical neck fracture models of proximal humerus. All fractures were fixed with a locking proximal humerus plate. Group A was fixed with medial cortical support and no MSSs; Group B was fixed with 3 MSSs but without medial cortical support; Group C was fixed with neither medial cortical support nor MSSs. Axial compression, torsional stiffness, shear stiffness, and failure tests were performed. Results Constructs with medial support from cortical bone showed statistically higher axial and shear stiffness than other subgroups examined (P<0.0001). When the proximal humerus was not supported by medial cortical bone, locking plating with medial support screws exhibited higher axial and torsional stiffness than locking plating without medial support screws (P≤0.0207). Specimens with medial cortical bone failed primarily by fracture of the humeral shaft or humeral head. Specimens without medial cortical bone support failed primarily by significant plate bending at the fracture site followed by humeral head collapse or humeral head fracture. Conclusions Anatomic reduction with medial cortical support was the stiffest construct after a simulated two-part fracture. Significant biomechanical benefits of MSSs in locking plating of proximal humerus fractures were identified. The reconstruction of the medial column support for proximal humerus fractures helps to enhance mechanical stability of the humeral head and prevent implant failure.
In Vitro Study of the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus and Its Implications in the Chronic Kidney Disease

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) plays important roles in the regulation of renal functions and blood pressure (BP) and in the maintenance of homeostasis of electrolyte balance and body fluid composition under physiological conditions. For example, during dehydration and sodium depletion, specific actions of the RAS in the specific sites within the kidney are indispensable for maintenance of systemic circulation and glomerular filtration rate (GFR); thus, the RAS and complex renal structures and functions are essential components for survival. On the other hand, under pathological conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease, the RAS now becomes a villain that causes damages in the brain, heart, kidney, and vasculatures. Why is the RAS, a single system, beneficial for survival under one condition but harmful in other conditions? We may be able to find an answer in the process of the evolution of life.1–3 I have been engaged in the study of the RAS and renal hemodynamics from the basic and clinical aspects of hypertension and nephrology. In the basic study, I developed unique in vitro methods to directly study the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) that is composed of glomerular afferent and efferent arterioles and a plaque of specialized tubular epithelial cells called the macula densa.4–7 In the clinical research, together with many colleagues, I have performed large prospective cohort studies in chronic kidney disease and also large clinical trials in diabetic and nondiabetic nephropathy or hypertension.8–11 This review summarizes findings of our research on the RAS and renal hemodynamics together with other relevant literature, focusing on the structure–functional correlates of the kidney in relation to renal sodium handling and maintenance of GFR. In addition, I will describe a unique circulatory system commonly existing in vital organs, such as …
Checkpoints of apicomplexan cell division identified in Toxoplasma gondii

The unusual cell cycles of Apicomplexa parasites are remarkably flexible with the ability to complete cytokinesis and karyokinesis coordinately or postpone cytokinesis for several rounds of chromosome replication, and are well recognized. Despite this surprising biology, the molecular machinery required to achieve this flexibility is largely unknown. In this study, we provide comprehensive experimental evidence that apicomplexan parasites utilize multiple Cdk-related kinases (Crks) to coordinate cell division. We determined that Toxoplasma gondii encodes seven atypical P-, H-, Y- and L- type cyclins and ten Crks to regulate cellular processes. We generated and analyzed conditional tet-OFF mutants for seven TgCrks and four TgCyclins that are expressed in the tachyzoite stage. These experiments demonstrated that TgCrk1, TgCrk2, TgCrk4 and TgCrk6, were required or essential for tachyzoite growth revealing a remarkable number of Crk factors that are necessary for parasite replication. G1 phase arrest resulted from the loss of cytoplasmic TgCrk2 that interacted with a P-type cyclin demonstrating that an atypical mechanism controls half the T. gondii cell cycle. We showed that T. gondii employs at least three TgCrks to complete mitosis. Novel kinases, TgCrk6 and TgCrk4 were required for spindle function and centrosome duplication, respectively, while TgCrk1 and its partner TgCycL were essential for daughter bud assembly. Intriguingly, mitotic kinases TgCrk4 and TgCrk6 did not interact with any cyclin tested and were instead dynamically expressed during mitosis indicating they may not require a cyclin timing mechanism. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that apicomplexan parasites utilize distinctive and complex mechanisms to coordinate their novel replicative cycles.
Silencing of microRNA-122 is an early event during hepatocarcinogenesis from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has emerged as a common cause of chronic liver disease and virus‐independent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. To reveal the molecular mechanism underlying hepatocarcinogenesis from NASH, microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles were analyzed in STAM mice, a NASH‐HCC animal model. MicroRNA expression was also examined in 42 clinical samples of HCC tissue. Histopathological images of the liver of STAM mice at the ages of 6, 8, 12, and 18 weeks showed findings compatible with fatty liver, NASH, liver cirrhosis (LC), and HCC, respectively. Expression of miR‐122 in non‐tumor LC at the age of 18 weeks was significantly lower than that in LC at the age of 12 weeks. Expression of miR‐122 was further decreased in HCCs relative to non‐tumor LC at the age of 18 weeks. Expression of miR‐122 was also decreased in clinical samples of liver tissue showing macrovesicular steatosis and HCC, being consistent with the findings in the NASH model mice. DNA methylation analysis revealed that silencing of miR‐122 was not mediated by DNA hypermethylation of the promoter region. These results suggest that silencing of miR‐122 is an early event during hepatocarcinogenesis from NASH, and that miR‐122 could be a novel molecular marker for evaluating the risk of HCC in patients with NASH.
Procedural content generation of level layouts for Hotline Miami

Hotline Miami is a series of 80s themed arcade shoot-em-up games. In early 2016, a beta level editor was provided for the second release in the series which is utilized in this paper as a basis for a Procedural Content Generation (PCG) method for level development. We provide an evolutionary algorithm for the placement of rooms and examine a number of statistical measures for the outcome of our representation and it is classified as part of an existing PCG taxonomy. The level generator demonstrates control of the features in the developed levels based upon a set of representative fitness functions. This is a step towards a full level creator, and is implemented in a commercial game and is not just a technical demo.
A multi-stage approach for the thermal generator maintenance scheduling problem

The thermal generator maintenance scheduling problem has been tackled by a variety of traditional optimisation techniques over the years. While these methods can give an optimal solution to small scale problems, they are often inefficient and impractical when applied to larger problems. We employ a multi-stage approach where the problem is decomposed into smaller sub-problems, each of which can be solved much more efficiently by existing algorithms. After each part of the problem has been solved, the results are then recombined to form the solution to the whole problem. Both tabu search and a memetic algorithm have been observed to produce very good results but they take a significant amount of time to run. We utilise both techniques to form the basis of a multi-stage approach to solve the thermal generator maintenance scheduling problem. The results demonstrate that the multi-stage methodology is just as effective for this problem while achieving a significant reduction in run-time.
An asynchronous adaptive multi-population model for distributed differential evolution

In this paper a general-purpose asynchronous adaptive multi-population model for distributed Differential Evolution (AsAMP-dDE) algorithm is proposed. The distributed algorithm, following the stepping-stone model, is characterized by an asynchronous mechanism for the migration and for a multipopulation recombination employed to exchange information. The adaptive procedure is based on two steps. Firstly a local performance measure related to the average fitness improvement for each subpopulation is computed. Secondly, a specific updating scheme based on these measures takes place to randomly update the control parameter values. The asynchronous migration mechanism and the adaptive procedure allow reducing the number of control parameters to be set in the distributed model. AsAMP-dDE has been tested on the benchmarks of the CEC2016 real parameter single objective competition without adopting any specific mechanism opportunely tailored for solving such test problems. The results show that this algorithm allows obtaining good performance in most of the investigated benchmarks.
On discrete twist and four flux in N=1 heterotic / F theory compactifications

We give an indirect argument for the matching G2 = −π∗γ of four-flux and discrete twist in the duality between N = 1 heterotic string and F -theory. This treats in detail the Euler number computation for the physically relevant case of a Calabi-Yau fourfold with singularities. bandreas@physics.unc. edu, supported by U.S. DOE grant DE-FG05-85ER40219/Task A. curio@ias.edu, supported by NSF grant DMS9627351. E-mail address after 1.July: curio@physik.hu-berlin.de