Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive inverse control of permanent magnet synchronous motor drive in a micro-electric vehicle

This paper mainly reports the research work on the drive system of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with the aim of its application in the micro-electric vehicle (Mi-EV). An adaptive inverse control approach was used a vector controlled PMSM drive control system with uncertainties and external disturbances (the work condition variation). The drive system adopts two closed loop structure including velocity and current. The velocity and current loops adopt the maximum torque/current control strategy based on vector control. Thus, the current of “d-q” axis was computed under the condition of maximum torque by using the torque equations, and vector control relation was then obtained, and the maximum torque/current control was achieved based on vector. Due to the time varying nature and the high-bandwidth property of the uncertainties in a practical PMSM drive system, to reach exact speed control in electric vehicle drive system, the velocity loop adopts adaptive inverse control strategy based on the idea applying inverse control and adaptive control to assign signal. This control strategy deals with assign signal and interference signal respectively and eliminate noise effect on velocity output radically. Finally, the performance of the drive control system was evaluated through simulation and real-time implementation and experimental results validate the effectiveness.
Post-Thatcher Fiscal Strategies in the U.K.: An Interpretation

Fiscal policy in Britain has changed radically since the Keynesianism of the 1960s and 1970s. After a passive period under monetarism of the 1980s, fiscal policy is said to have adopted a leadership role with long term objectives (low debt, the provision of public services/investment, and social equity), together with an independent central bank. Monetary policy, operating with instrument independence, then takes care of short run stabilisation. I test this view - confronting it with evidence from the institutional arrangements put in place since 1997; with econometric evidence from the policy responses themselves; and with theoretical evidence on the incentive to choose such a regime in the first place. I conclude that this claim is broadly correct. It appears that the UK's improved performance is a consequence of the advantages of combining fiscal leadership with an (instrument) independent central bank. The key feature is the ability to trade target (not instrument) independence in monetary policy to secure greater coordination between fiscal and monetary strategies.
In Vitro Effect of 1-β-d-Ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-Triazole-3-Carboxamide (Virazole, ICN 1229) on Deoxyribonucleic Acid and Ribonucleic Acid Viruses

Virazole (1-β-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) is a highly soluble new synthetic nucleoside having significant, reproducible activity against a broad spectrum of deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid viruses in vitro. The drug inhibited viral cytopathogenic effects in monolayers of cells infected for 3 days with type 3 adeno, types 1 and 2 herpes, myxoma, cytomegalo, vaccinia, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, types 1A, 2, 8, 13, and 56 rhino, types 1 and 3 parainfluenza, vesicular stomatitis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, Semliki Forest, Newcastle disease, and measles viruses. Hemagglutinin production by influenza A2, influenza B, and type 1 parainfluenza viruses in chicken embryo cells was reduced by Virazole treatment. Recoverable intra- and extracellular virus titers were reduced by the drug in experiments with type 1 herpes, vaccinia, type 3 parainfluenza, and vesicular stomatitis viruses. Plaque formation by type 1 herpesvirus was also inhibited by exposure of the infected cells to Virazole. Pretreatment of cells with the compound, followed by its removal before addition of type 1 herpesvirus, severely lessened the antiviral activity; the compound was still moderately effective in reducing the viral effects on the cells when added as long as 22 hr after the virus. Parallel experiments, in which the antiviral activity of a number of known active drugs was compared, indicated Virazole to have at least a comparable degree of activity, and it was also active against a wider variety of viruses than any of these known active materials. The CCED50 of Virazole to chicken embryo cells was approximately 1,000 μg/ml, although concentrations as low as 10 μg/ml caused slight (15%) inhibition in total cellular protein after 72 hr of incubation.
Low dimensional adaptive texture feature vectors from class distance and class difference matrices

In many popular texture analysis methods, second or higher order statistics on the relation between pixel gray level values are stored in matrices. A high dimensional vector of predefined, nonadaptive features is then extracted from these matrices. Identifying a few consistently valuable features is important, as it improves classification reliability and enhances our understanding of the phenomena that we are modeling. Whatever sophisticated selection algorithm we use, there is a risk of selecting purely coincidental "good" feature sets, especially if we have a large number of features to choose from and the available data set is limited. In a unified approach to statistical texture feature extraction, we have used class distance and class difference matrices to obtain low dimensional adaptive feature vectors for texture classification. We have applied this approach to four relevant texture analysis methods. The new adaptive features outperformed the classical features when applied to the most difficult set of 45 Brodatz texture pairs. Class distance and difference matrices also clearly illustrated the difference in texture between cell nucleus images from two different prognostic classes of early ovarian cancer. For each of the texture analysis methods, one adaptive feature contained most of the discriminatory power of the method.
Fermentation of raw poultry byproducts for animal nutrition.

In this study, the fermentation of raw, inedible poultry byproducts mixed with sugarbeet pulp and dextrose and inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum and(or) Enteroccocus faecium resulted in a drop of pH in the byproducts to approximately 4.0 to 4.5 within 48 h. To keep the fermented product stable for a period of 21 d, the addition of > or = 3% (wt/wt) of a fermentable carbohydrate was necessary. With a high inoculation level of approximately 10(8) to 10(9) L. plantarum per gram, or with acidification of the initial mixture with . 4% lactic acid, the number of Enterobacteriaceae decreased faster than with inoculation at 10(5) L. plantarum per gram, or without initial acidification. After 21 d of fermentation, a high level of enzymatic breakdown of proteins and amino acids was observed: the nonprotein N level increased from 5% to between 15 and 40% of total N and the volatile N level increased from 1% to between 3 and 11% of total N. An increase in histamine, cadaverine, and putrescine was also observed. Despite the technological measures taken, such as the application of a high inoculum of starter culture and initial acidification with . 4% lactic acid, this amino acid breakdown could not be reduced to an acceptable level. These results suggest that, because of biochemical deterioration, fermentation alone is not a useful method of preservation of raw poultry byproducts.
[Expression of estrogen receptor alpha and beta subtypes in the vaginal wall of women with anterior vaginal prolapse].

OBJECTIVE To observe the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and ERbeta in the vaginal wall of women with anterior vaginal prolapse, and to investigate the relationships of ER subtypes with the development of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). METHODS Seven premenopausal women and 33 postmenopausal women with anterior vaginal prolapse who underwent surgery in our hospital from July 1999 to July 2004 were analyzed. Nine premenopausal and 8 postmenopausal women with squamous carcinoma of cervix who underwent surgery served as controls. The expression of ERalpha and ERbeta in squamous epithelium (SE), lamina propria (LP) and muscular layer (ML) of anterior vaginal wall were studied by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS (1) Both ERalpha and ERbeta were expressed in SE, LP, ML of vaginal wall of premenopausal and postmenopausal women. (2) The expression of ERalpha was not significantly different in premenopausal and postmenopausal women; the expression of ERbeta was not significantly different in premenopausal and postmenopausal women with POP; however, it was decreased in postmenopausal women without POP (P < 0.05). (3) The expression of ERbeta was significantly higher in postmenopausal POP group than in postmenopausal control group (P < 0.05). The expression of ERalpha was not significantly different in postmenopausal control and postmenopausal POP group. CONCLUSIONS ERalpha and ERbeta are expressed in vaginal wall of premenopausal and postmenopausal women. In vaginal wall of postmenopausal women with POP, the expression of ERbeta is not decreased; on the contrary, it is increased compared with that of postmenopausal control. ERalpha is not changed significantly.
Hydrocarbon contamination and plant species determine the phylogenetic and functional diversity of endophytic degrading bacteria

Salt marsh sediments are sinks for various anthropogenic contaminants, giving rise to significant environmental concern. The process of salt marsh plant survival in such environment is very intriguing and at the same time poorly understood. The plant–microbe interactions may play a key role in the process of environment and in planta detoxification. In this study, a combination of culture‐dependent and culture‐independent molecular approaches [enrichment cultures, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), DNA sequencing] were used to investigate the effect of petroleum hydrocarbons (PH) contamination on the structure and function [polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) dioxygenase genes] of endophytic bacterial communities of salt marsh plant species (Halimione portulacoides and Sarcocornia perennis) in the estuarine system Ria de Aveiro (Portugal). Pseudomonads dominated the cultivable fraction of the endophytic communities in the enrichment cultures. In a set of fifty isolates tested, nine were positive for genes encoding for PAH dioxygenases (nahAc) and four were positive for plasmid carrying genes encoding PAH degradation enzymes (nahAc). Interestingly, these plasmids were only detected in isolates from most severely PH‐polluted sites. The results revealed site‐specific effects on endophytic communities, related to the level of PH contamination in the sediment, and plant‐species‐specific ‘imprints’ in community structure and in genes encoding for PAH dioxygenases. These results suggest a potential ecological role of bacterial plant symbiosis in the process of plant colonization in urban estuarine areas exposed to PH contamination.
Sus scrofa domestica Endoparasitic Resistance in the Amazonas a

The domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica L.) has been wild breeding in the Varzea Amazonian Estuary area. Without dietary supplement or medical prevention, the pigs survive, bringing economic benefits to local peasants. Endoparasitic diseases generate economic losses because of neonatal death and clinical disease. We assessed the nematoda (O. Nematoda) and coccidia (O. Eucoccidia) parasitic level and tolerance in 75 pigs (0-18 months) from 35 families using the following methods: (i) larvae culture, (ii) Hoffman, (iii) Willis-Mollay (Hoffman 1987) and (iv) postmortem examinations. We identified Eimeria species Strongyloidea and S. ransomi present in 60% of the cases, giving a mean of 336 and 520 EPG (eggs per gram of feces), respectively. Culturing the larvae showed S. ransomi in 47% and Oseophagostomum sp. in 17% of the cases. We found Stephanurus dentatus and Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus adults in 77% and 23% of the postmortem tests, respectively. Pig resistance was demonstrated by lack of mortality and no clinical disease symptoms, in the presence of that high endoparasitic load.
Telomere length analysis in Cushing's syndrome.

INTRODUCTION Hypercortisolism in Cushing's syndrome (CS) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Hypercortisolism also occurs in chronic depressive disorders and stress, where telomere length (TL) is shorter than in controls. We hypothesized that shortening of telomere might occur in CS and contribute to premature aging and morbidity. AIM To investigate TL in CS patients compared with controls. METHODS Seventy-seven CS patients (14 males, 59 pituitary, 17 adrenal, and one ectopic; 21 with active disease) were compared with 77 gender-, age-, and smoking-matched controls. Fifteen CS were evaluated longitudinally, during active disease and after remission of hypercortisolism. Leukocyte TL was measured by telomere restriction fragment-Southern technique. Clinical markers were included in a multiple linear regression analysis to investigate potential predictors of TL. RESULTS Mean TL in CS patients and controls was similar (7667 vs 7483 bp, NS). After adjustment for age, in the longitudinal evaluation, TL was shorter in active disease than after remission (7273 vs 7870, P<0.05). Age and dyslipidemia were negative predictors (P<0.05), and total leukocyte count was a positive predictor for TL (P<0.05). As expected, a negative correlation was found between TL and age (CS, R=-0.400 and controls, R=-0.292; P<0.05). No correlation was found between circulating cortisol, duration of exposure to hypercortisolism or biochemical cure and TL. CONCLUSION Even though in the cross-sectional comparison of CS and controls no difference in TL was found, in the longitudinal evaluation, patients with active CS had shorter TL than after biochemical cure of hypercortisolism. These preliminary results suggest that hypercortisolism might negatively impact telomere maintenance. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Discussion of the Accounting Period Concept and Its Effect on Management Decisions

Professor Bruns has been so modest, so cautious, and so critical about his research that, as a discussant, I feel no urge to be critical. All accountants should welcome any efforts made in the general direction of trying to discover the nature of the relationships between accounting and decision-making and hence we ought to assume the role of rooter rather than critic. However, it is likely that much research of this type will be forthcoming by William Bruns and others, so if future research is to gain full benefit from present research efforts, the greater the volume of reaction the better. In a sense, the following comments are offered more in an effort to influence future research than to be critical of the present study. Future researchers should be urged, in my opinion, to adopt a broader definition of accounting data; do not limit such quantitative information to that which is set forth in conventional financial statements. Although Bruns offers reasons for his decision to define accounting information so narrowly, I thought it was so narrow that it removed much of the merit of undertaking this kind of investigation, because I am not convinced that businessmen think of accounting data in such narrow terms. Future research would be less subject to criticism if accounting data were more broadly defined. I also urge future researchers to limit participation of students to that of helping to test the soundness of a research plan. Students can make a worthwhile contribution as participants in trial runs. Their responses and reactions will be of considerable benefit to the researcher, but the data accumulated from such trial runs are of doubtful value and probably should not be reported. If the objective of a particular piece of research is to shed some light on the relationship between accounting data and business decisions, the participants should be decision-makers.
Five-level SPWM Inverter for an Induction Motor with Open-end Windings

This paper presents a five-level inverter for an open-end winding induction motor. Five-level inversion is achieved by feeding an open-end winding induction motor with a 3-level inverter from one end and a 2-level inverter from the other end of the motor. The 3-level inverter used in the proposed drive is realized by cascading two 2-level inverters. The combined inverter system with open-end winding induction motor produces voltage space phasor levels identical to a conventional 5-level inverter. In the multilevel carrier based sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM), used for the proposed drive, a progressive discrete DC bias depending upon the speed range is given to the reference wave so that the drive can operate in the k-level modes (k=2, 3, . 5) depending on the speed range. The inverter with the higher DC-link voltage is switching less frequently, compared to the inverter with the lower DC-link voltage.
Influence of antiretroviral therapy on liver disease

Purpose of reviewLiver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected persons. The long-term beneficial versus potentially harmful influence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the liver is debated. We review current data on factors contributing to liver disease in HIV-monoinfected as well as in HIV/viral hepatitis-coinfected patients, highlighting the role of ART, HIV itself, immunodeficiency, patient characteristics, and lifestyle risk factors. Recent findingsNew ART-related clinical syndromes, including noncirrhotic portal hypertension and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, have emerged, and observational data suggest long-term ART-associated liver injury. Recently, there is increasing evidence that HIV itself and immunosuppression are contributing to liver injury in both HIV-coinfected and HIV-monoinfected patients. In HIV-positive persons, ART attenuates progression of chronic viral hepatitis. SummaryCurrent expert guidelines recommend earlier treatment of HIV infection in persons coinfected with hepatitis B virus and possibly hepatitis C virus. It is unknown whether an earlier start of ART is beneficial for the liver in HIV-monoinfected patients. Future research should focus on long-term ART-related hepatotoxicity.
Evidence of sperm storage in the female ostrich.

OBJECTIVE To determine the length of time following mating that fertile eggs can be laid by an ostrich (Struthio camelus). DESIGN A clinical reproductive problem in a pair of breeding ostriches provided the opportunity to mate the birds at intervals of 5 to 8 days and assess the fertility of the eggs laid. PROCEDURE Following prolapse of the phallus of the male ostrich during the breeding season, the pair were immediately separated. The hen was reintroduced to the cock at intervals of 5 to 8 days over a 6 week period for supervised mating. Records were kept of dates of mating and laying, number of eggs laid, egg weights, and fertility determined by candling after 2 weeks incubation. RESULTS Over the 6 week period, 10 eggs were laid, of which 8 were fertile and 2 infertile. Fertile eggs weighed 1020 to 1285 g (mean 1143). The two infertile eggs weighed 1160 and 925 g. Six fertile eggs were laid 2 to 7 days after mating. The remaining two fertile eggs were laid the same days that mating occurred, suggesting that fertilization resulted from the last matings 5 and 8 days previously, or from earlier matings. CONCLUSION Sperm storage occurs in ostrich hens and fertile eggs can be laid for at least 5 to 8 days after copulation. Further studies are required to demonstrate the maximum period during which stored sperm are capable of successful fertilization.
Do rural consumers expect a prescription from their GP visit? Investigation of patients' expectations for a prescription and doctors' prescribing decisions in rural Australia.

OBJECTIVE To assess patients' expectation for receiving a prescription and GPs' perceptions of patient expectation for a prescription. DESIGN Matched questionnaire study completed by patients and GPs. SETTING Seven general practices in rural Queensland, Australia. SUBJECTS The subjects were 481 patients consulting 17 GPs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Patients' expectation for receiving a prescription and GPs' perceptions of patients' expectation. RESULTS Ideal expectation (hope) for a prescription was expressed by 57% (274/481) of patients. Sixty-six per cent (313/481) thought it was likely that the doctor would actually give them a prescription. Doctors accurately predicted hope or lack of hope for a prescription in 65% (314/481) of consultations, but were inaccurate in 19% (93/481). A prescription was written in 55% of consultations. No increase in patients' expectation, doctors' perceptions of expectation, or decision to prescribe were detected for patients living a greater distance from the doctors. CONCLUSIONS Rural patients demonstrated similar rates of hope for a prescription to those found in previous urban studies. Rural doctors seem to be similarly 'accurate' and 'inaccurate' in determining patients' expectations. Rates of prescribing were comparable to urban rates. Distance was not found to increase the level of patient expectation, affect the doctors' perception or to influence the decision to prescribe.
Utilization of a High Stakes High School Graduation Exam to Assess the Impact of Agricultural Education: A Measure of Curriculum Integration

Phipps, Osborne, Dyer, and Ball , (2008) posited that, “Agricultural education in secondary schools has played an important role in enhancing student achievement in the core subject areas. ” (p. 4), while Enderlin and Osborne (1992) reported that agricultural students received higher test scores in biology than students in other science classes. However, further evaluation of this academic integration is warranted to determine which practices are most beneficial to students. This study sought to determine if there was a relationship between the number of agricultural education classes that students took and the subsequent outcomes on the Alabama High School Graduation Exam. To address the research question, binary logistic regression was employed. Results indicated that the model did predict the outcomes on the language and math portion of the exam while the model failed to predict outcomes on the social studies, biology, and reading portions of the exam. This study should be replicated using standardized tests in other states. Comparable data should be collected for students not enrolled in agriculture classes so that the groups mean scores could be compared.