Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low Frequency Eddy Current Method for Internal Defect Inspection of Steel Structure

This paper proposes a low frequency eddy current method for inspection of internal defect in steel structures. A magnetic sensor system for exciting field is designed to enhance sensitivity and not to cause magnetic saturation. Inspection process is explained with a nonlinear equivalent electric circuit. The designed magnetic sensor system is analyzed by finite element method. The results of experiment are compared with the analysis results to validate the proposed method.
WIDEBAND MICROSTRIP-FED PRINTED BOW-TIE ANTENNA FOR PHASEDARRAY SYSTEMS

(M.tech student Electronics and communication Engineering, SMEC Neemrana, Rajasthan, India) (Assistant Professor Electronics and communication Engineering, SMEC Neemrana, Rajasthan, India) ABSTRACT: A micro strip-fed printed bow-tie antenna is presented inorder to achieve wide bandwidth, high gain, and size reduction. A comparisonbetween the bow-tie and the quasi-Yagi (dipole and director)antennas shows that the bow-tie antenna has a wider bandwidth, highergain, lower front-to-back ratio, lower cross- polarization level, andsmaller size. Two-element arrays are designed and their characteristics are compared. The bow-tie antenna yields lower coupling for the same distance between elements.
Evidence that diphtheria toxin and modeccin enter the cytosol from different vesicular compartments

Inhibition of protein synthesis in Vero cells was measured at different periods of time after treatment with diphtheria toxin and the related plant toxin modeccin. Diphtheria toxin acted much more rapidly than modeccin. Cells were protected against both toxins with antiserum as well as with agents like NH4Cl, procaine, and the ionophores monensin, FCCP, and CCCP, which increase the pH of intracellular vesicles. Antiserum, which is supposed to inactivate toxin only at the cell surface, protected only when it was added within a short period of time after modeccin. Compounds that increase the pH of intracellular vesicles, protected even when added after 2 h, indicating that modeccin remains inside vesicles for a considerable period of time before it enters the cytosol. After addition of diphtheria toxin to the cells, compounds that increase the pH of intracellular vesicles protected only approximately to the same extent as antitoxin. This indicates that after endocytosis diphtheria toxin rapidly enters the cytosol. At 20 degrees C, the cells were more strongly protected against modeccin than against diphtheria toxin. The residual toxic effect of diphtheria toxin at 20 degrees C could be blocked with NH4Cl whereas this was not the case with modeccin. This indicates that at 20 degrees C the uptake of diphtheria toxin occurs by the normal route, whereas the uptake of modeccin occurs by a less efficient route than that dominating at 37 degrees C. The results indicate that after endocytosis diphtheria toxin rapidly enters the cytosol from early endosomes with low pH (receptosomes). Modeccin enters the cytosol much more slowly, possibly after fusion of the endocytic vesicles with another compartment.
Data Path Allocation Techniques for High-level Synthesis of Low BIST Area Overhead Designs

Built-in self-test (BIST) techniques have evolved as cost-eeective techniques for testing digital circuits. These techniques add test circuitry to the chip such that the chip has the capability to test itself. A prime concern in using BIST is the area overhead due to the modiication of normal registers to BIST registers. This paper proposes a high-level synthesis methodology that addresses this concern at an early stage in the design cycle. Data path allocation algorithms are presented that 1) maximize the sharing of registers as BIST resources resulting in a small number of registers being modiied for BIST, and 2) minimize the number of CBILBO registers required in the BIST version. The designs synthesized by our algorithms have the same number of functional modules and registers as those synthesized using traditional approaches but with a much lower testability overhead.
Nicotinic Receptor Activation in Human Cerebral Cortical Interneurons: a Mechanism for Inhibition and Disinhibition of Neuronal Networks

Cholinergic control of the activity of human cerebral cortical circuits has long been thought to be accounted for by the interaction of acetylcholine (ACh) with muscarinic receptors. Here we report the discovery of functional nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) in interneurons of the human cerebral cortex and discuss the physiological and clinical implications of these findings. The whole-cell mode of the patch-clamp technique was used to record responses triggered by U-tube application of the nonselective agonist ACh and of the α7-nAChR-selective agonist choline to interneurons visualized by means of infrared-assisted videomicroscopy in slices of the human cerebral cortex. Choline induced rapidly desensitizing whole-cell currents that, being sensitive to blockade by methyllycaconitine (MLA; 50 nm), were most likely subserved by an α7-like nAChR. In contrast, ACh evoked slowly decaying whole-cell currents that, being sensitive to blockade by dihydro-β-erythroidine (DHβE; 10 μm), were most likely subserved by an α4β2-like nAChR. Application of ACh (but not choline) to the slices also triggered GABAergic postsynaptic currents (PSCs). Evidence is provided that ACh-evoked PSCs are the result of activation of α4β2-like nAChRs present in preterminal axon segments and/or in presynaptic terminals of interneurons. Thus, nAChRs can relay inhibitory and/or disinhibitory signals to pyramidal neurons and thereby modulate the activity of neuronal circuits in the human cerebral cortex. These mechanisms, which appear to be retained across species, can account for the involvement of nAChRs in cognitive functions and in certain neuropathological conditions.
Coincidental Loss of Bacterial Virulence in Multi-Enemy Microbial Communities

The coincidental virulence evolution hypothesis suggests that outside-host selection, such as predation, parasitism and resource competition can indirectly affect the virulence of environmentally-growing bacterial pathogens. While there are some examples of coincidental environmental selection for virulence, it is also possible that the resource acquisition and enemy defence is selecting against it. To test these ideas we conducted an evolutionary experiment by exposing the opportunistic pathogen bacterium Serratia marcescens to the particle-feeding ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, the surface-feeding amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii, and the lytic bacteriophage Semad11, in all possible combinations in a simulated pond water environment. After 8 weeks the virulence of the 384 evolved clones were quantified with fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster oral infection model, and several other life-history traits were measured. We found that in comparison to ancestor bacteria, evolutionary treatments reduced the virulence in most of the treatments, but this reduction was not clearly related to any changes in other life-history traits. This suggests that virulence traits do not evolve in close relation with these life-history traits, or that different traits might link to virulence in different selective environments, for example via resource allocation trade-offs.
The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Rice Moth, Corcyra cephalonica

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was determined as a circular molecular of 15,273 bp in size. The mitogenome composition (37 genes) and gene order are the same as the other lepidopterans. Nucleotide composition of the C. cephalonica mitogenome is highly A+T biased (80.43%) like other insects. Twelve protein-coding genes start with a typical ATN codon, with the exception of coxl gene, which uses CGA as the initial codon. Nine protein-coding genes have the common stop codon TAA, and the nad2, cox1, cox2, and nad4 have single T as the incomplete stop codon. 22 tRNA genes demonstrated cloverleaf secondary structure. The mitogenome has several large intergenic spacer regions, the spacer1 between trnQ gene and nad2 gene, which is common in Lepidoptera. The spacer 3 between trnE and trnF includes microsatellite-like repeat regions (AT)18 and (TTAT)3. The spacer 4 (16 bp) between trnS2 gene and nad1 gene has a motif ATACTAT; another species, Sesamia inferens encodes ATCATAT at the same position, while other lepidopteran insects encode a similar ATACTAA motif. The spacer 6 is A+T rich region, include motif ATAGA and a 20-bp poly(T) stretch and two microsatellite (AT)9, (AT)8 elements.
Operating Strategies of Switched Reluctance Machines for Exhaust Gas Energy Recovery Systems

This paper presents an operating strategy for high-speed switched reluctance (SR) generators employed in exhaust gas energy recovery systems. The machine is operated in “single pulse” mode, and a parametric study of the control angles is performed to analyze the machine operation. It is shown that, for given speed and power, optimum sets of control angles exist, which achieve maximum machine efficiency and minimum thermal stress. This study is undertaken using a coupled nonlinear modeling approach, combining magnetostatic finite-element analysis with time-domain circuit simulation. The results are compared with measurements performed on an SR generator designed for a prototype exhaust gas energy recovery system, showing overall good agreement.
A Case Study in Systematic Theory Exploration : Natural Numbers 1

In this paper, we present a case study of computer supported exploration of the theory of natural numbers, using a theory exploration model based on knowledge schemes, proposed by Bruno Buchberger. We illustrate with examples from the exploration: (i) the invention of new concepts (functions, predicates) in the theory, using definition knowledge schemes, (ii) the invention of new propositions, using proposition schemes, (iii) the invention of problems, using algorithm knowledge schemes, (iv) the introduction of new reasoning rules, by lifting knowledge to the inference level (or using inference schemes), after their correctness was proved. In particular, we apply the scheme-based model to notions from the natural numbers theory, such as: function symbols (addition, multiplication, exponentiation, predecessor, subtraction, quotient, remainder, greatest common divisor), predicate symbols (weak lessequal, strict less-equal, divides, proper divides, is-prime), propositions about these notions (such as: quotient-remainder decomposition theorem, prime decomposition theorem), illustrating how the model can lead to the systematic invention of significant results. This case study also reflects the pedagogical value of the exploration model, especially when supported by a system like Theorema. Theorema is a software system implemented in Mathematica, which offers proving, computing and solving facilities. The Theorema system consists of a higher-order predicate prover and a collection of special provers, allowing natural style (close to textbook mathematics) input and output.
Gabor wavelets on the sphere

We propose the construction of directional - or Gabor - continuous wavelets on the sphere. We provide a criterion to measure their angular selectivity. We finally discuss implementation issues and potential applications. The code for the spherical wavelet transform is available in the YAWTB Matlab Toolbox, http://www.yawtb. be.tf.
Root cause AC motor failure analysis with a focus on shaft failures

The squirrel-cage induction motor remains the workhorse of the petrochemical industry because of its versatility and ruggedness. However, it has its limitations, which, if exceeded, will cause premature failure of the stator, rotor, bearings or shaft. This paper is the final abridgement and update of six previous papers for the Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee of the IEEE Industry Applications Society presented over the last 24 years and includes the final piece dealing with shaft failures A methodology is provided that will lead operations personnel to the most likely root causes of failure. Check-off sheets are provided to assist in the orderly collection of data to assist in the analysis. As the petrochemical industry evolves from reactive to time based, to preventive, to trending, to diagnostics, and to a predictive maintenance attitude, more and more attention to root cause analysis will be required. This paper will help provide a platform for the establishment of such an evolution. The product scope includes low- and medium-voltage squirrel-cage induction motors in the 1-3000 hp range with anti friction bearings. However, much of this material is applicable to other types and sizes.
Promoting Relevant Results in Time-Ranked Mail Search

Mail search has traditionally served time-ranked results, even if it has been shown that relevance ranking provides higher retrieval quality on average. Some Web mail services have recently started to provide relevance ranking options such as the relevance toggle in the search results page of Yahoo Mail, or the ``top results" section in Inbox by Gmail. Yet, ranking results by relevance is not accepted by all, either in mail search, or in in other domains such as social media, where it has even triggered some public outcry. Given the sensitivity of the topic, we propose here to investigate a mixed approach of promoting the most relevant results, to which we refer as ``heroes'', on top of time-ranked results. We argue that this approach represents a good compromise to mail searchers, supporting on one hand the time sorted paradigm they are familiar with, while being almost as effective as full relevance ranking view that Web mail users seem to be reluctant to adopt. We describe three hero-selection algorithms we have devised and the associated experiments we have conducted in Yahoo mail. We measure retrieval success via two metrics: MRR (Mean Reciprocal Rank) and Success@k, and verify agreement between these metrics and users' direct feedback. We demonstrate that supplementing time-sorted results with hero results leads to a higher MRR than the traditional time-sorted view. We additionally show that MRR better reflects users' perception of quality than Success@k. Finally, we report on online results following the successful launch of one of our hero-selection algorithms for all Yahoo enterprise mail users and a few million Yahoo Web mail users.
Faculty Members Degree of Awareness of the Augmented Reality Concept in the College of Basic Education, Public Authority for Applied Education and Training in Kuwait

The study aimed at measuring Faculty members degree of awareness of the augmented reality concept in the College of Basic Education, Public Authority for Applied Education and Training in Kuwait. The researchers used the descriptive analytical method , and prepared a four domains questionnaire to measure the awareness degree of the augmented reality concept among faculty members. The study sample consisted of (100) faculty member of the in the College of Basic Education. study results showed that the arithmetic average of the degree of awareness of the faculty members augmented reality concept came medium, where the arithmetic average of the degree of awareness as a whole )3.33(. The study revealed that the arithmetic average of the domains has ranged between (3.15-3.48),where quality standards Use came in the first rank with the highest arithmetic average of (3.48), and the goal came in the second rank with an arithmetic average of (3.37), and the nature of concept came in the third rank with an arithmetic average of (3.25), while the type s came in last place and a the average hit (3.15), thus the degree of awareness in all areas was moderate. Keywords: Faculty Members Degree, Awareness of The Augmented Reality Concept, College of Basic Education, Kuwait.
Finding a Balance between Anarchy and Orthodoxy

This paper argues that we, in machine learning, have adopted an evaluation procedure which is an impoverished realization of a controversial methodology. I call this an orthodoxy because it is widely accepted; it shows up in our text books, we teach it to our graduate students and expect other researchers to abide by it. The attraction of this orthodoxy is that it avoids an anarchistic free-forall whose products would be dicult
Exploring Different Written Corrective Feedback Preferences: Role of Learners’ Mathmatical and Kinestetic Intelligence

Many research findings have shown that learners encounter many learning difficulties. However, for effective learning, one has to know oneself and having knowledge about one’s strengths and weaknesses. The process of teaching and learning will be more effective and meaningful when teachers and learners know their potential, their unique styles, strengths and weaknesses in learning. Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences is a psychological and educational theory espousing that eight types of "intelligence" exist in humans, each relating to a different sphere of human life and activity. This study aimed at exploring the preference of L2 learners towards different types of written corrective feedback and their relationship to learners’ mathematical and kinesthetic intelligences. 50 L2 learners from Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS participated in the study. The results revealed that there is no significant difference between mathematically intelligent learners and kinesthetically intelligent ones regarding their preference towards written corrective feedback types.
Winners and Losers in Russia's Economic Transition

The transition to a market economy has produced a substantial and rapid change in the wage structure in Russia. Household surveys taken before and after the transition indicate that overall wage inequality nearly doubled from 1991 to 1994 and has reached a level higher than that in the United States. Returns to both measured skills (education, occupation) and unmeasured skills within groups have increased considerably. Skill premiums across experience groups, however, have become more compressed and relative wages of older workers have declined. In addition, female wages have declined relative to male wages across all percentiles of the wage distribution. Copyright 1998 by American Economic Association.
Naive Bayes and Text Classification I - Introduction and Theory

Naive Bayes classifiers, a family of classifiers that are based on the popular Bayes' probability theorem, are known for creating simple yet well performing models, especially in the fields of document classification and disease prediction. In this article, we will look at the main concepts of naive Bayes classification in the context of document categorization.
Leukotriene B4 as a Potential Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Metabolic Disorders

In the last decade, the incidence of metabolic disorders has increased drastically worldwide and is becoming a global health threat. Studies have shown that the pathogenesis and co-morbidities of diseases such as diabetes, gout, and atherosclerosis involve chronic low-grade inflammation and metabolic changes (1). As this inflammation is triggered by endogenous substances, instead of pathogens, it is called “sterile inflammation”. Chronic low-grade inflammation can be triggered by the accumulation of metabolic products such as uric acid, glucose, cholesterol, and free circulating fatty acids. These substances can induce inflammation by two distinct mechanisms: (1) engagement of Toll-Like Receptors (TLR), such as TLR-2 (2), TLR-4 (3), and TLR-9 (4) and (2) activation of the intracellular receptor complex known as inflammasome that leads to caspase-1 activation, an enzyme that cleaves pro- interleukin (IL)-1β into its active form (5–7). IL-1β acts on its receptor IL1R1, a member of the TLR family whose activation is dependent on the presence of the adaptor molecule Myeloid Differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88). Although TLR-2 signaling is mediated mainly through the MyD88, TLR-4 activates MyD88-dependent and TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon β (TRIF)-dependent pathways. The MyD88-dependent pathway culminates in the activation of the Nuclear Factor kappa B (NFκB)/Activator Protein (AP) 1 and the TRIF-dependent pathway leads to delayed activation of NFκB associated with Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF) (8). Thus, NFκB is a transcription factor of several genes involved in inflammation and also regulates its own transcription (9). In metabolic diseases with chronic low-grade inflammation, NFκB is continuously activated (10). Since NFκB can be activated through the adaptor molecule MyD88, modulation of its expression should have important consequences on the inflammatory response.
ESDM - A Method for Developing Evolutionary Scenarios for Analysing the Impact of Historical Changes on Architectural Elements

Software maintainers need appropriate information concerning the change they are about to make to a software system so that they can make suitable choices in their decisions. In this paper, we describe a method (called ESDM) for developing evolutionary scenarios that provide information concerning the impact historical changes of different types have had on the quality of software architectural elements of interest. This information can aid in the decisions maintainers are about to make concerning the change at hand. The effectiveness of the method for developing evolutionary scenarios has been validated through an empirical study on an open source software system (Apache HTTP Server 1.3). Initial support from maintainers for the value of the developed scenarios is a major boost for further work in this area
What do we see out of the corner of our eye? The role of visual pivots and gaze anchors in sport

ABSTRACT The role and importance of peripheral vision have been discussed across various sports. Yet, its functionality remains unclear and the terms employed in the literature to characterize the use of peripheral vision are not well defined. We present a review of 29 studies focusing on the use of peripheral vision in sports. We focus on the methodological approaches employed to study its use and identify the mechanisms that may underlie the effective use of peripheral vision in sport. We define key differences between ‘gaze anchors’ and ‘visual pivots’ and introduce the concept of a ‘foveal spot’. All three gaze behaviors, while being characterized by a consistent, dynamically adjustable gaze location, have different functionalities. A gaze anchor is a cue-optimized position used for the monitoring of peripheral cues and avoiding the negative consequences of saccades (i.e. information suppression), especially under time pressure. A visual pivot is a distance-optimized location between relevant cues which allows athletes to optimally initiate saccades to those cues, especially if the costs of eye-movements are low. A foveal spot is primarily used for information processing via the fovea. Finally, we highlight suggestions for future research to improve our understanding of the functional differences between these gaze behaviors.
Put your comment where your money is: An analysis of public comments on annual proposed changes to Medicare reimbursement rates

The research, analysis, and policy recommendations contained in this paper are the work of the student who authored the document, and do not represent the official or unofficial views of the Sanford School of Public Policy or of Duke University. Without the specific permission of its author, this paper may not be used or cited for any purpose.