Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Temperature on the Pressure Drops Across 25 and 40 Micron Arterial Line Filters

The purpose of this in vitro study was to quantitate the effect of temperature on the pressure drop, ΔP, across 25 and 40 micron arterial line filters. The pressure drop for each micron size filter was found to significantly increase (P < .01) with decreasing blood temperature when measured at a constant blood flow (Q = 5 LPM) and a hematocrit of 35%. Protein electropheresis, hematology analysis, and testing for cryoglobulins indicated that blood clot formation or cryoprecipitates did not contribute to the measured pressure drop. During the conduct of extracorporeal circulation knowledge of pressure drop versus blood temperature is useful to the perfusionist in accounting for temperature effects when reading the pressure at the arterial filter inlet. Before deciding to bypass an arterial filter because of a high inlet pressure reading the perfusionist should consider the effect of temperature.
Half-quadratic adaptive T V p to the image restoration problem

—To keep structures in the restoration problem is very important via coupling the local information of the image with the proposed model. In this paper we propose a local self-adaptive (cid:96) p -regularization model for p ∈ (0 , 2) based on the total variation scheme, where the choice of p depends on the local structures described by the eigenvalues of the structure tensor. Since the proposed model as the classic (cid:96) p problem uniﬁes two classes of optimization problems such as the nonconvex and nonsmooth problem when p ∈ (0 , 1) , and the convex and smooth problem when p ∈ (1 , 2) , it is generally challenging to ﬁnd a ready algorithmic framework to solve it. Here we propose a new and robust numerical method via coupling with the half-quadratic scheme and the alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM). The convergence of the proposed algorithm is established and the numerical experiments illustrate the possible advantages of the proposed model and numerical methods over some existing variational-based models and methods.
Articulation of the nasal vowels in Shanghai Chinese

This paper presents an articulatory and acoustic study of the nasal vowels [ã ŋ ɒ̃ ŋ ] in Shanghainese. Synchronous ultrasound, audio, nasalance, and EGG recordings from 4 young native speakers were analyzed. Data show that the two nasal vowels in Shanghainese are merged and generally produced with a retracted and lower tongue position compared with the oral vowel [a]. The nasal vowels are significantly nasalized from about half of the duration. Unlike previous studies of Chaoshan Chinese, French, and Yi, a decrease in contact quotient during nasal vowels was not observed. Rather, one speaker is observed to increase the contact quotient (less breathy) for nasal vowels carrying modal rising tone [R]. Given the acoustic similarities of nasality and breathiness, this adjustment may serve to avoid misperception with the breathy rising tone [T]. This study betters our understanding of the nasal vowel articulation in Shanghainese and provides additional data required for cross-linguistic comparisons.
Quantum Programming Languages

We provide a brief survey into the quantum computational model of “classically controlled quantum circuits”, a generalization of the quantum circuit model of quantum computation, and quantum programming languages (QPLs) within this paradigm. Specifically, we focus on the categorical semantics of QPLs in the classically controlled quantum computing model, and particularly those semantics related to the teleportation protocol.
THE ROLE OF ALLOPHONES IN PHONEME PERCEPTION MODELS: DO DEVOICED VOWELS TRIGGER VOWEL EPENTHESIS?

This study investigated how phoneme perception models should incorporate allophones, leveraging dialectical differences among Japanese. It has been reported that listeners of a language that disallows consonant clusters insert epenthetic vowels, or illusory vowels, to repair illegal consonant clusters, thus, for example, perceiving VCCV as VCVCV. In addition to the roles of phonotactic constraints and acoustic cues, recent studies have indicated that allophones, such as devoiced vowels in the Tokyo dialect, also facilitate perceptual epenthesis. We compared the discrimination accuracies of VCCV and VCVCV perception of Tokyo-dialect speakers to those of Kansai-dialect speakers, who are reported to devoice vowels less frequently. Both Tokyo and Kansai speakers perceived illusory vowels to the same degree, indicating that illusory vowels were perceived even by speakers without devoicing. Furthermore, the results suggest that discriminative models other than probabilistic models assuming an auditory realization distribution can be psychologically valid.
Illusions of Ungrammaticality in the Perception of Non-Native Accented Speech

Studies have shown a reduced sensitivity to grammatical violations in non-native accented speech. The same expectation of ungrammaticality that reduces sensitivity to errors might also prime listeners to perceive illusory errors in accented utterances. In our study, we hypothesized that listeners exposed to non-native accented speech perceive more illusory grammatical errors. This effect should increase when sentences contain phonological violations. To test our predictions, we conducted two mirror experiments for German and Polish, contrasting the perception of: (a) well-formed, (b) phonologically anomalous, and (c) ungrammatical sentences in native and non-native speech. Our results show that in both languages grammatical sentences were more often judged as ungrammatical in non-native than native accent, a phenomenon called ‘grammatical tinnitus’. However, the effect did not increase when phonologically anomalous sentences were presented in the Polish experiment, even if the overall number of incorrect answers increased. For German, the ‘tinnitus’ was absent in this condition.
What determines the temporal changes of species degree and What determines the temporal changes of species degree and strength in an oceanic island plant-disperser network? strength in an oceanic island plant-disperser network?

Network models of frugivory and seed dispersal are usually static. To date, most studies on mutualistic networks assert that interaction properties such as species’ degree ( k ) and strength ( s ) are strongly influenced by species abundances. We evaluated how species’ degree and strength change as a function of temporal variation not only in species abundance, but also in species persistence (i
TRIGGERING AND MAINTENANCE OF TONGUE BRACING POSTURE IN MULTI-SYLLABLE SEQUENCES

Lateral tongue bracing is a posture that is pervasively maintained in speech across languages, released only for a few select sounds [1]. Previous pilot work with English showed that the lateral tongue maintained a higher position in the bracing-neutral phrase "hubba bubba" when preceded by braced targets, compared to unbraced targets [2]. The present study evaluates a larger number of speakers producing this same sequence with additional analyses. Mean and range results for lateral tongue movement support the view that the lateral bracing posture, once initiated, is maintained through bracing-neutral sounds. No anticipatory (right-to-left) effect was observed.
Acute Coronary

Circulation Research is available at http://circres.ahajournals. org DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114. 302804 Abstract: Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) constitute a spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from unstable angina and non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction to ST-segment myocardial infarction. Myocardial ischemia in this context occurs as a result of an abrupt decrease in coronary blood flow and resultant imbalance in the myocardial oxygen supply–demand relationship. Coronary blood flow is further compromised by other mechanisms that increase coronary vascular resistance or reduce coronary driving pressure. The goals of treatment are to decrease myocardial oxygen demand, increase coronary blood flow and oxygen supply, and limit myocardial injury. Treatments are generally divided into disease-modifying agents or interventions that improve hard clinical outcomes and other strategies that can reduce ischemia. In addition to traditional drugs such as β-blockers and inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, newer agents have expanded the number of molecular pathways targeted for treatment of ACS. Ranolazine, trimetazidine, nicorandil, and ivabradine are medications that have been shown to reduce myocardial ischemia through diverse mechanisms and have been tested in limited fashion in patients with ACS. Attenuating the no-reflow phenomenon and reducing the injury compounded by acute reperfusion after a period of coronary occlusion are active areas of research. Additionally, interventions aimed at ischemic preand postconditioning may be useful means by which to limit myocardial infarct size. Trials are also underway to examine altered metabolic and oxygen-related pathways in ACS. This review will discuss traditional and newer anti-ischemic therapies for patients with ACS, exclusive of revascularization, antithrombotic agents, and the use of high-intensity statins. (Circ Res. 2014;114:1944-1958.)
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

The thermal behaviour is critical in numerous applications, affecting any device’s lifetime and safe operations. Adding that the technological development resulted in the appearance of complex material structures, making the research on advanced thermal models even more important. Materials like 3D printed structures, foams, or with a biological origin often show non-Fourier thermal response. Modelling such a problem requires a thorough analysis and a deep understanding of non-Fourier models. The present paper focuses on two advanced models, called two-temperature and Guyer-Krumhansl equations. We compare their physical background and characteristic behaviour. Additionally, we perform the ﬁrst experimental test of the two-temperature model. It is found that the solutions of the two-temperature model deviate from the ones predicted by the Guyer-Krumhansl equation. However, both approaches can model the experimental data under certain conditions and offer different insights about the observed heat conduction phenomenon.
LAXING HARMONY IN LAURENTIAN FRENCH: COARTICULATION OR PHONOLOGICAL PROCESS?

In Laurentian French, high vowels are laxed in certain closed syllables, and several sources report that this laxing can optionally spread to preceding high vowels in open syllables. A past articulatory study suggested that this laxing harmony may be (at least partially) a coarticulatory phenomenon, although the study only analyzed words where harmony could apply just one step. We collected ultrasound data for chains of potential harmony targets and found that some speakers maintain an intermediate or complete degree of laxing throughout such chains, suggesting that such iterative harmony is phonological. We additionally observed a speaker who applies harmony in a somewhat non-local manner, harmonizing penultimate vowels only if they can also har-monize a word-initial antepenultimate vowel in the same word.
SPEECH BREATHING DURING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IS OPPORTUNISTIC

The ability to speak during diverse physical activities benefits individuals in many ways. What is currently unclear, however, is how individuals modify their respiratory behavior to accommodate both the slow, controlled breaths used for speech and the rapid, deeper breaths required by exercise. While the phonetics literature characterizes the execution of these two tasks as a competition between phonatory and respiratory goals, scholarship on neural control of respiration discusses the relationship in terms of coordination . To better understand speech breath support during physical activity, the current study presents empirical evidence from respiratory and acoustic recordings of read speech from 48 female speakers at rest and during exercise. Modifications of both the inspiratory and expiratory phases of respiration were observed that suggest that speech breathing during physical activity is opportunistic – linguistic structure is exploited to insert quick inspirations and expiratory airflow is increased to meet the metabolic needs of exercise
Research on Users' Privacy Protection in Mobile Communication

With the rapid development of communication technology, mobile communication network integrates with internet constantly and forms mobile internet. The mobile communication system tend to be IP-based, mobile terminals tend to be intelligent, application of APP becomes more and more popular, intelligent applications make people's life more convenient. But, there are huge security threats hidden in current mobile communication, the security of users’ privacy information in mobile communication, such as users’ identity, location information, business routing, arouse more and more widely attention. This paper introduces related researches and problems of users’ privacy protection in current mobile communication, and discusses to apply the idea of active defense to the security mechanism for better protection of users’ privacy information.
FORTIS STOPS IN POLISH – EVIDENCE FROM ACOUSTIC MEASURES OF VOICE QUALITY

An acoustic study of the effects of the Polish laryngeal contrast on the phonation of vowels following voiced and voiceless obstruents is presented. Data from 15 native speakers of Polish reveal voicing-based phonation differences in H1*- H2*, H2*-H4*, H4*–H2kHz*, and H2kHz*–H5kHz, providing evidence that phonation properties may help distinguish between Polish laryngeal categories in onset position. Implications for the phonological encoding of the laryngeal contrast are discussed. It is suggested that Polish voiceless stops may be categorized as [fortis], postulated to be an abstract category with a wide range of possible phonetic effects.
DIALECTAL DIFFERENCES IN THE REALISATION OF TONE 1 IN TAIWAN MANDARIN

The central dialect of Taiwan Mandarin is said to have an utterance-final rise. Previous literature indicated that the low-fall Tone 3 and the high-fall Tone 4 in the standard northern dialect are realised respectively as low-dipping and high-level utterance-finally in the central variety. This study thus explored whether such a tendency also extended to the high-level Tone 1. Twenty-five native speakers (13 northern and 12 central) were recruited to read 24 bisyllabic stimuli containing Tone 1. Results showed rising was indeed the predominant realisation for Tone 1, but it was not exclusive to the central dialect, nor was it to the utterance-final position. Reference points for the rising portion also did not show a more drastic rise for the central variety. Rather, central speakers consistently realised their Tone 1 with a steeper initial fall before the rise, likely creating a percept of a more prominent rise than their northern counterparts.
THE CLASSIFICATION OF NATIVE AND NON-NATIVE PRODUCTIONS OF ITALIAN CONSONANT LENGTH CONTRAST

It has been suggested that the duration ratio between Italian consonants and preconsonantal vowels (C/pre-V ratio) is a potentially good candidate for automatic classification of Italian singleton vs. geminate consonants produced by native speakers. The optimal C/pre-V ratio threshold value for discriminating between these two categories of consonants is about 1. This triggers the question of whether this threshold also applies to the classification of non-native productions of Italian consonant length contrast. To answer this question, in this study we classified Italian singleton vs. geminate consonants produced by Chinese speakers and native Italian speakers using two approaches, namely (a) relying on native listeners’ perceptual identification and (b) using the above threshold. A comparison of the classification results shows significant differences between the two approaches, suggesting that, for both native and non-native productions, using the C/pre-V ratio threshold value of 1 cannot always accurately classify Italian singleton vs. geminate consonants.
Focus prosody in Fijian: A pilot study

This paper presents an acoustic analysis of focus prosody in Fijian – a verb-first language. Through analyzing pitch ( f o ), intensity, and duration data, we compared (i) VP (i.e. initial) vs. neutral focus, (ii) subject vs. corrective-subject focus, and (iii) object vs. corrective-object focus. We found significant on-focus mean f o raising for VP focus, but no post-focus compression. Significant on-focus shortening of syllable duration was also observed. Compared with subject focus, corrective-subject is marked by significant on-focus increase in intensity and shortening of syllable duration. No significant difference between object and corrective-object focus was observed in the on-focus domain. Our findings pave the way for future systematic investigations of Fijian prosody, a currently understudied area in phonetics.
Earthquake‐induced soft‐sediment deformations and seismically amplified erosion rates recorded in varved sediments of Köyceğiz Lake (SW Turkey)

Earthquake‐triggered landslides amplify erosion rates in catchments, i.e., catchment response (CR) to seismic shocks. In addition to historical eyewitness accounts of muddy rivers implying CRs after large earthquakes, several studies have quantitatively reported increased sediment concentrations in rivers after earthquakes. However, only a few paleolimnological studies could detect CRs within lacustrine sedimentary sequences as siliciclastic‐enriched intercalations within background sedimentation. Since siliciclastic‐enriched intercalations can easily be of nonseismic origin, their temporal correlation with nearby earthquakes is crucial to assign a seismic triggering mechanism. In most cases, either uncertainties in dating methods or the lack of recent seismic activity has prevented reliable temporal correlations, making the seismic origin of observed sedimentary events questionable. Here we attempt to remove this question mark by presenting sedimentary traces of CRs in the 370‐year‐long varved sequence of Köyceğiz Lake (SW Turkey) that we compare with estimated peak ground acceleration (PGA) values of several nearby earthquakes. We find that earthquakes exceeding estimated PGA values of ~20 cm/s2 can induce soft‐sediment deformations, while CRs seem only to be triggered by PGA levels higher than 70 cm/s2. In Köyceğiz Lake, CRs produce Cr‐ and Ni‐enriched sedimentation due to the seismically mobilized soils derived from ultramafic rocks in the catchment. Given the varve chronology, the residence time of the seismically mobilized material in the catchment is determined to be 5 to 10 years.
EVIDENCE FOR PREPLANNED AND ADAPTIVE F0 CONTROL

This study investigates how speakers plan and adjust F0 in relation to the anticipated length of an utterance. Utterance length was manipulated prior to response initiation by cueing utterances with one, two, or three subject noun phrases (NPs) with visual stimuli. Furthermore, on some trials, a novel experimental manipulation was tested in which additional stimuli were presented upon detection of utterance initiation, thereby increasing the utterance length after participants began production. There are two main findings: (i) participants raised the F0 ceiling and floor and broadened the span of the initial NP when they had to produce longer utterances; (ii) participants reduced the amount of F0 ceiling compression from the first to the second NP to adapt to the changes in utterance length. Both findings suggest that speakers aim to maintain a sufficient F0 space while speaking, by taking into account the anticipated length of the utterance.
THE LINK BETWEEN PERCEPTION AND PRODUCTION OF ENGLISH VOWEL CONTRASTS IN NON-NATIVE SPEAKERS

This study investigates the link between L1-Mandarin speakers’ perception and production of English /i, ɪ/ (high) and /ɛ, æ / (mid) vowels. Through perceptual categorization and phonetic imitation experiments, we found that L2 speakers have difficulty integrating spectral and durational cues for English vowel categorization, as indicated by either a trade-off or a null correlation between the perceptual weights of the two cues at the individual level. For the perception-production link, the imitation of English high vowels was constrained by the reliance on durational cues in perception and mediated by L1 categories at the phonological level. In contrast, the perception-production link for English mid vowels was only established at the acoustic-phonetic level for vowel quality but not for vowel duration. Our findings provide a look into the level of abstraction of L2 sound categories in non-native speakers across different phonetic aspects and vowel contrasts.
BODY IMAGE IN A COHORT OF SOUTH AFRICAN YOUNGSTERS

Body image (BI) is a multidimensional construct rising from a number of physiological and psychological components. BI has been studied mostly in well-developed countries, but recently concerns about size, shape and form of the body have grown both in rapidly developing and in low-income countries. To reach insights on BI in South Africa, to 68 students (33 males and 35 females), a modified versions of the Fallon & Rozin’s Test (1988) and the Body Part Satisfaction Scale were administered. The height, weight and triceps skinfold (TRC) of each subject were taken. Data were then compared with those of a similar survey carried out in Guinea-Bissau a decade before on 51 males and 47 females students. The main results show that Guinea-Bissau youngsters were on average satisfied about their physique. Girls had a more “realistic” portrait of themselves than males. They showed a slightly distorted perception on what the other gender liked. In general, stout physiques were preferred. Results from South Africa show in general that boys have a more “realistic” portrait of themselves than girls. Discrepancies emerged on the desires of the other gender only in girls. Regarding dissatisfaction significant gender differences regard buttocks and hips only. For BI, boys in Johannesburg showed, in general, to be more “realistic” than girls, and vice versa in Bissau. The different exposure to mass media and the fact that the latter were more anchored to traditional values can explain the results. The tendencies found in high income countries are lesser marked in both surveys.
Cross-linguistic influence in the mid-vowels of Hausa/Ekhwa speakers i

This paper examines contact between the vowel systems of Hausa (Afro-Asiatic) and Ekhwa (Niger-Congo). Hausa has ten monopthongs, including a phonemic length contrast, and previous descriptions of Ekhwa suggest 7 monopthongs, with a potential tense/lax distinction in the mid vowels. We examine Hausa as it is spoken by Ekhwa speakers, using wordlist data gathered remotely, focusing on the Hausa mid vowels /e, e:, o, o:/, and purported Ekhwa /e, ɛ, o, ɔ/, measuring F1, F2, and duration. We find first that there does not appear to be phonetic evidence for a tense/lax distinction in this variety of Ekhwa. Secondly, while there is limited evidence for a spectral distinction between the long and short mid vowels in this variety of Hausa, durational differences were mixed. Finally, to the extent that there are spectral differences between the long and short vowels in Hausa, they are made within the Ekhwa vowel space.