Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How to print floating-point numbers accurately

We present algorithms for accurately converting floating-point numbers to decimal representation. The key idea is to carry along with the computation an explicit representation of the required rounding accuracy.We begin with the simpler problem of converting fixed-point fractions. A modification of the well-known algorithm for radix-conversion of fixed-point fractions by multiplication explicitly determines when to terminate the conversion process; a variable number of digits are produced. The algorithm has these properties:• No information is lost; the original fraction can be recovered from the output by rounding. • No "garbage digits" are produced. • The output is correctly rounded. • It is never necessary to propagate carries on rounding.We then derive two algorithms for free-format out-put of floating-point numbers. The first simply scales the given floating-point number to an appropriate fractional range and then applies the algorithm for fractions. This is quite fast and simple to code but has inaccuracies stemming from round-off errors and oversimplification. The second algorithm guarantees mathematical accuracy by using multiple-precision integer arithmetic and handling special cases. Both algorithms produce no more digits than necessary (intuitively, the "1.3 prints as 1.2999999" problem does not occur). Finally, we modify the free-format conversion algorithm for use in fixed-format applications. Information may be lost if the fixed format provides too few digit positions, but the output is always correctly rounded. On the other hand, no "garbage digits" are ever produced, even if the fixed format specifies too many digit positions (intuitively, the "4/3 prints as 1.333333328366279602" problem does not occur).
SEPARATING THE MEN FROM THE GIRLS:

This research compares and analyzes the verbal commentary of televised coverage of two women's and men's athletic events: the “final four” of the women's and men's 1989 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) basketball tournaments and the women's and men's singles, women's and men's doubles, and the mixed-doubles matches of the 1989 U.S. Open tennis tournament. Although we found less overtly sexist commentary than has been observed in past research, we did find two categories of difference: (1) gender marking and (2) a “hierarchy of naming” by gender and, to a certain extent, by race. These differences are described and analyzed in light of feminist analyses of gendered language. It is concluded that televised sports commentary contributes to the construction of gender and racial hierarchies by marking women's sports and women athletes as “other,” by infantilizing women athletes (and, to a certain extent, male athletes of color), and by framing the accomplishments of women athletes ambivalently.
An introduction to future truly wearable medical devices—From application to ASIC

This talk will provide an introduction to the “Towards future truly wearable medical devices: from application to ASIC” mini-symposium. For user comfort and acceptance long term physiological sensors must be discrete, comfortable and easy to use. These requirements place stringent limits on all aspects of the system design: from the overall application aim, to power generation issues, to low power electronic design techniques. For successful devices design issues in all of these areas must be solved simultaneously. The work here presents an overview and introduction to these topics.
Epidemic cholera among refugees in Malawi, Africa: treatment and transmission

Between 23 August and 15 December 1990 an epidemic of cholera affected Mozambican refugees in Malawi causing 1931 cases (attack rate=2·4%); 86% of patients had arrived in Malawi <3 months before illness onset. There were 68 deaths (case-fatality rate=3·5%); most deaths (63%) occurred within 24 h of hospital admission which may have indicated delayed presentation to health facilities and inadequate early rehydration. Mortality was higher in children <4 years old and febrile deaths may have been associated with prolonged IV use. Significant risk factors for illness (P<0·05) in two case-control studies included drinking river water (odds ratio [OR]=3·0); placing hands into stored household drinking water (OR=6·0); and among those without adequate firewood to reheat food, eating leftover cooked peas (OR=8·0). Toxigenic V. cholerae O1, serotype Inaba, was isolated from patients and stored household water. The rapidity with which newly arrived refugees became infected precluded effective use of a cholera vaccine to prevent cases unless vaccination had occurred immediately upon camp arrival. Improved access to treatment and care of paediatric patients, and increased use of oral rehydration therapy, could decrease mortality. Preventing future cholera outbreaks in Africa will depend on interrupting both waterborne and foodborne transmission of this pathogen.
Visual Occlusion in an Augmented Reality Post-Stroke Therapy Scenario

We investigate the effect that visual occlusion plays on users' perception in a prototypical augmented reality post-stroke therapy system. We implemented a reach-based therapeutic exercise using the Microsoft Kinect to enable depth sensing and correct visual occlusion of the upper-limb. Thirty participants evaluated the exercise with three different visual occlusion modes: the correct visual occlusion, a virtual-always-occludes---to date the most commonly used mode in augmented reality---and a mode with semi-transparent virtual objects. The analysis of their reported experience showed that correct occlusion was the most preferred mode for performing the reaching exercise, providing a more tangible and realistic interactive experience.
South Asian students’ Chinese language learning in Hong Kong: motivations and strategies

Abstract This paper offers insights into an under-researched area of Chinese language learning among Hong Kong's less affluent South Asians, a group whose members have often been stereotyped as unable to function in the Chinese medium instruction (CMI) teaching system. Data were collected from a survey of approximately 300 South Asian secondary school students and from follow-up semi-structured interviews with 30 student participants. By cross-examining students’ language competency and practice in Chinese, English and mother language(s), the research found that South Asian students, even though in a majority language environment, invest less in Chinese language learning and practice. Their language motivation is instrumentally driven and there is a lack of adequate family support for learning Chinese. It thus highlights the role of schooling and teachers’ support in Chinese language learning as the main remedy for insufficient parental involvement. This research argues that in order to attain high competency in the Chinese language, which is considered important for upward mobility, there is an urgent need for teachers and researchers to understand the limited use that students make of the Chinese language and to develop a suitable teaching pedagogy for fostering language motivations.
Intra-protein binding peptide fragments have specific and intrinsic sequence patterns

The key finding in the DNA double helix model is the specific pairing or binding between nucleotides A-T and C-G, and the pairing rules are the molecule basis of genetic code. Unfortunately, no such rules have been discovered for proteins. Here we show that similar rules and intrinsic sequence patterns between intra-protein binding peptide fragments do exist, and they can be extracted using a deep learning algorithm. Multi-millions of binding and non-binding peptide fragments from currently available protein X-ray structures are classified with an accuracy of up to 93%. This discovery has the potential in helping solve protein folding and protein-protein interaction problems, two open and fundamental problems in molecular biology. One Sentence Summary Classification of binding and non-binding intra-protein peptide fragments using feed-forward neural network
Universal quantum logic from Zeeman and anisotropic exchange interactions

Some of the most promising proposals for scalable solid-state quantum computing, e.g., those using electron spins in quantum dots or donor electron or nuclear spins in Si, rely on a two-qubit quantum gate that is ideally generated by an isotropic exchange interaction. However, an anisotropic perturbation arising from spin-orbit coupling is inevitably present. Previous studies focused on removing the anisotropy. Here we introduce a new universal set of quantum logic gates that takes advantage of the anisotropic perturbation. The price is a constant but modest factor in additional pulses. The gain is a scheme that is compatible with the naturally available interactions in spin-based solid-state quantum computers.
TACT: Transcriptome Auto-annotation Conducting Tool of H-InvDB

Transcriptome Auto-annotation Conducting Tool (TACT) is a newly developed web-based automated tool for conducting functional annotation of transcripts by the integration of sequence similarity searches and functional motif predictions. We developed the TACT system by integrating two kinds of similarity searches, FASTY and BLASTX, against protein sequence databases, UniProtKB (Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL) and RefSeq, and a unified motif prediction program, InterProScan, into the ORF-prediction pipeline originally designed for the ‘H-Invitational’ human transcriptome annotation project. This system successively applies these constituent programs to an mRNA sequence in order to predict the most plausible ORF and the function of the protein encoded. In this study, we applied the TACT system to 19 574 non-redundant human transcripts registered in H-InvDB and evaluated its predictive power by the degree of agreement with human-curated functional annotation in H-InvDB. As a result, the TACT system could assign functional description to 12 559 transcripts (64.2%), the remainder being hypothetical proteins. Furthermore, the overall agreement of functional annotation with H-InvDB, including those transcripts annotated as hypothetical proteins, was 83.9% (16 432/19 574). These results show that the TACT system is useful for functional annotation and that the prediction of ORFs and protein functions is highly accurate and close to the results of human curation. TACT is freely available at .
Age-associated changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular function in middle-aged and older men are modified by weight change and lifestyle factors: longitudinal results from the European Male Ageing Study.

OBJECTIVE Health and lifestyle factors are associated with variations in serum testosterone levels in ageing men. However, it remains unclear how age-related changes in testosterone may be attenuated by lifestyle modifications. The objective was to investigate the longitudinal relationships between changes in health and lifestyle factors with changes in hormones of the reproductive endocrine axis in ageing men. DESIGN A longitudinal survey of 2736 community-dwelling men aged 40-79 years at baseline recruited from eight centres across Europe. Follow-up assessment occurred mean (±S.D.) 4.4±0.3 years later. RESULTS Paired testosterone results were available for 2395 men. Mean (±S.D.) annualised hormone changes were as follows: testosterone -0.1±0.95 nmol/l; free testosterone (FT) -3.83±16.8 pmol/l; sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) 0.56±2.5 nmol/l and LH 0.08±0.57 U/l. Weight loss was associated with a proportional increase, and weight gain a proportional decrease, in testosterone and SHBG. FT showed a curvilinear relationship to weight change; only those who gained or lost ≥15% of weight showed a significant change (in the same direction as testosterone). Smoking cessation was associated with a greater decline in testosterone than being a non-smoker, which was unrelated to weight change. Changes in number of comorbid conditions or physical activity were not associated with significant alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis function. CONCLUSIONS Body weight and lifestyle factors influence HPT axis function in ageing. Weight loss was associated with a rise, and weight gain a fall, in testosterone, FT and SHBG. Weight management appears to be important in maintaining circulating testosterone in ageing men, and obesity-associated changes in HPT axis hormones are reversible following weight reduction.
Behavioral Referents for Molar Ratings of Heterosocial Skill

A linear modeling technique was used to identify valid behavioral referents of molar heterosocial skill ratings in both men and women. Videotapes of the heterosocial interactions of 30 men and 30 women representing a wide range of skill were shown to untrained peers who made molar heterosocial skill ratings and supplied lists of the behavioral cues they believed to be useful in discriminating skillful and unskillful subjects. The most widely endorsed cues were then scored for their rates of occurrence in the target subjects' interactions, and multiple regression analyses were used to construct linear models of behavioral referents for the molar heterosocial skill ratings. Highly skilled men were those who kept their gaze up, asked questions, and used appropriate hand gestures. Highly skilled women were those who kept their gaze up, made eye contact, and avoided speaking too softly.
Antenatal steroids in preterm labour for the prevention of neonatal deaths due to complications of preterm birth

Background In high-income countries, administration of antenatal steroids is standard care for women with anticipated preterm labour. However, although >1 million deaths due to preterm birth occur annually, antenatal steroids are not routine practice in low-income countries where most of these deaths occur. Objectives To review the evidence for and estimate the effect on cause-specific neonatal mortality of administration of antenatal steroids to women with anticipated preterm labour, with additional analysis for the effect in low- and middle-income countries. Methods We conducted systematic reviews using standardized abstraction forms. Quality of evidence was assessed using an adapted GRADE approach. Existing meta-analyses were reviewed for relevance to low/middle-income countries, and new meta-analysis was performed. Results We identified 44 studies, including 18 randomised control trials (RCTs) (14 in high-income countries) in a Cochrane meta-analysis, which suggested that antenatal steroids decrease neonatal mortality among preterm infants (<36 weeks gestation) by 31% [relative risk (RR) = 0.69; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58–0.81]. Our new meta-analysis of four RCTs from middle-income countries suggests 53% mortality reduction (RR = 0.47; 95% CI 0.35–0.64) and 37% morbidity reduction (RR = 0.63; 95% CI 0.49–0.81). Observational study mortality data were consistent. The control group in these equivalent studies was routine care (ventilation and, in many cases, surfactant). In low-income countries, many preterm babies currently receive little or no medical care. It is plausible that antenatal steroids may be of even greater effect when tested in these settings. Conclusions Based on high-grade evidence, antenatal steroid therapy is very effective in preventing neonatal mortality and morbidity, yet remains at low coverage in low/middle-income countries. If fully scaled up, this intervention could save up to 500 000 neonatal lives annually.
Gender Differences in the Use of Message Cues and Judgments

Data from two experiments suggest that the genders differ in how they make judgments. In comparison with men, women appeared to have a lower threshold for elaborating on message cues and thus made greater use of such cues in judging products. These differences were eliminated both when the message cues prompted so little attention that they were below men's and women's thresholds for message elaboration and when they prompted so much attention that both genders’ thresholds were exceeded. The origins and implications of these differences are discussed.
A single-inductor dual-output buck converter with voltage mode pulse-train control

Voltage mode pulse-train (PT) control technique for single-inductor dual-output (SIDO) dc-dc converters operating in discontinuous-conduction mode (DCM) is investigated in this paper. By using time-multiplexing(TM) scheme, each output of converter is regulated in its corresponding time slot to avoid cross-regulation. The control time of each output is set according to the maximum power of corresponding output, thus the utilization rate of inductor is improved. Error amplifier and corresponding compensators as required by conventional PWM control technique are not needed in PT control technique. The control technique proposed in this paper is simple and enjoys fast dynamic response. Experimental results are presented to verify the proposed technique.
Women who choose not to participate in surveys on eating disorders

Thirty-nine women chose not to participate in a survey on eating disorders. Their medical records revealed a high rate of eating problems. This finding, together with those of two related studies, suggests that such problems are overrepresented amongst those who elect not to take part in surveys of this type. As a result, estimates of the prevalence of eating disorders are likely to be underestimates: indeed, it may never be possible to get accurate figures for the prevalence of eating disorders
Determination of Fungal species Prevalent in the Oral Cavity of University Students

Fungal species inhabit the oral cavity and they are critical components of health and diseases. Studies on fungal species prevalent in oral cavity of some University students in Presco Campus, Ebonyi State University (EBSU) was carried out in July, 2014. The aim of the study was to determine the most preponderant funal species in oral cavity of healthy students. 20 samples of oral cavity swabs were collected and culture in potato dextrose agar (PDA) with chloramphenicol, incubated at 27 o C for 72 hours, fungi organisms were isolated and identified. Seven oral mucosal fungi species were identified; Histoplasma, Rhizopus, Sporothrix, Blastomyces, Fusarium, Aspergillus and Candida in increasing order of dominance. Candida species dominated non Candida species. However Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. were the most dominant oral mucosal fungi found among healthy University students.
Stroke and coronary heart disease: predictive power of standard risk factors into old age—long-term cumulative risk study among men in Gothenburg, Sweden

Aims The aim of this study was to examine the short-term and long-term cumulative risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke separately based on age, sex, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, and total serum cholesterol. Methods and results The Primary Prevention Study comprising 7174 men aged between 47 and 55 free from a previous history of CHD, stroke, and diabetes at baseline examination (1970–73) was followed up for 35 years. To estimate the cumulative effect of CHD and stroke, all participants were stratified into one of five risk groups, defined by their number of risk factors. The estimated 10-year risk for high-risk individuals when adjusted for age and competing risk was 18.1% for CHD and 3.2% for stroke which increased to 47.8 and 19.6%, respectively, after 35 years. The estimates based on risk factors performed well throughout the period for CHD but less well for stroke. Conclusion The prediction of traditional risk factors (systolic blood pressure, total serum cholesterol, and smoking status) on short-term risk (0–10 years) and long-term risk (0–35 years) of CHD of stroke differs substantially. This indicates that the cumulative risk in middle-aged men based on these traditional risk factors can effectively be used to predict CHD but not stroke to the same extent.
A molecular phylogeny of nuclear and mitochondrial sequences in Hymenolepis nana (Cestoda) supports the existence of a cryptic species

Since isolates of Hymenolepis nana infecting humans and rodents are morphologically indistinguishable, the only way they can be reliably identified is by comparing the parasite in each host using molecular tools. In the current study, isolates of H. nana from rodent and human hosts from a broad geographical range were sequenced at the ribosomal first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1), the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (C01) gene and the nuclear paramyosin gene loci.Nucleotide sequence data published here have been submitted to GenBank™ and are available under accession numbers AF461124 and AF461125 (18S–28S); AY121842 and AY121843 (cytochrome c oxidase 1); AY1844 and AY121845 (paramyosin). Twenty-three isolates of H. nana were sequenced at the ITS1 locus and this confirmed the existence of spacers which, although similar in length (approximately 646 bp), differed in their primary sequences which led to the separation of the isolates into 2 clusters when analysed phylogenetically. This sequence variation was not, however, related to the host of origin of the isolate, thus was not a marker of genetic distinction between H. nana from rodents and humans. Sequencing of a 444 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene (C01) in 9 isolates of H. nana from rodents and 6 from humans identified a phylogenetically supported genetic divergence of approximately 5% between some mouse and human isolates. This suggests that H. nana is a species complex, or ‘cryptic’ species (=morphologically identical yet genetically distinct). A small segment of the nuclear gene, paramyosin, (625 bp or 840 bp) was sequenced in 4 mouse and 3 human isolates of H. nana. However, this gene did not provide the level of heterogeneity required to distinguish between isolates from rodent and human hosts. From the results obtained from faster evolving genes, and the epidemiological evidence, we believe that the life-cycle of H. nana that exists in the north-west of Western Australia is likely to involve mainly ‘human to human’ transmission.