Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Turbulence on the Dynamic Behaviour of Premixed Flames

Environmental compatibility requires low emission burners for gas turbine power plants as well as for jet engines. In the past significant progress has been made developing low NO x and CO burners by introducing lean premixed techniques. Unfortunately these burners often have a more pronounced tendency than conventional burner designs to produce combustion driven oscillations. The oscillations may be excited to such an extent that strong pulsation may possibly occur; this is associated with a risk of engine failure and higher NOx emissions. In order to describe the acoustical behaviour of the complete burner system the determination of the transfer function of the flame itself is crucial. Using a new method which was presented by Bohn, Deutsch and Kruger (1996) and Bohn, Li, Kruger and Matouschek (1997), the dynamic flame behaviour can be predicted by means of a full Navier-Stokes-simulation of the complex combustion process for the steady-state as well as for the transient situation. This method has been successfully used by the authors to obtain the frequency response of turbulent diffusion flames and laminar premixed flames. For the application in modem gas turbines the influence of turbulence on the dynamic behaviour of premixed flames is of big interest. Therefore, this paper presents numerical studies of a turbulent premixed flame configuration for which experimental data is available in the literature. Two different combustion models have been used for the steady-state as well as for the transient calculations. With the improved model, which takes into account the chemical kinetics and the interaction between turbulence and kinetics, good agreement has been found for the steady-state results and for the frequency response of the flame. NOMENCLATURE umnixedness factor specific heat capacity diameter of burner nozzle frequency response frequency unit function response enthalpy turbulent kinetic energy averaged flame length turbulent length scale mass flow rate jump function pressure gas constant time temperature velocity velocity components cylindrical coordinates fuellair mass ratio turbulent dissipation rate thermal conductivity burning velocity viscosity density universal gas constant mass fraction phase angle Presented at the International Gas Turbine & Aeroengine Congress & Exhibition Stockholm, Sweden —June 2—June 5,1998 Downloaded From: http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection. asme.org/ on 07/22/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
Numerical Analysis of the Second Harmonic Resonance Ion Heating in the HIEI Tandem Mirror

Recently a magnetic divertor was introduced in the HIEI tandem mirror as an effective stabilization method, and the second harmonic resonance ion heating was examined. The purpose of the paper is to clarify the physical mechanism of the ion heating. RF field with large wave number was confirmed in the divertor configuration which could not be found out in the nondivertor configuration. Power absorption in the vicinity of the second harmonic resonance regions was also confirmed.
Magnetized tori in the field of Kerr superspinars

We study the properties of axisymmetric and stationary toroidal structures of magnetized perfect fluid with the uniform distribution of specific angular momentum (l = const) orbiting Kerr superspinars whose existence is indicated by string theory. We demonstrate first the specific features of unmagnetized perfect fluid tori occurring in the deep potential well near the surface of the superspinars and enabling clear distinction between Kerr superspinars and Kerr black holes. Then, we investigate the effect of magnetization of the perfect fluid tori and describe the shift of their properties induced by the presence of toroidal magnetic fields.
Adaptive Canny and Semantic Segmentation Networks Based on Feature Fusion for Road Crack Detection

Road cracks, which are a common hazard in pavements throughout the life cycle of a road, can degrade the performance of the road, shorten its service life, and endanger the safety of vehicles. Traditional vision machine detection methods can detect road crack details but suffer from poor stability and generalization ability, whereas semantic segmentation detection, although more stable, cannot track fine road crack information. To combine the advantages of both methods and improve the accuracy of road crack detection, a novel feature fusion road crack detection method is proposed in this study. First, the bilateral filter and four-way Sobel operator are introduced into the Canny algorithm to enhance the noise reduction effect and extract edge features more effectively. Second, the dynamic threshold is generated adaptively by the gradient information after non-maximum suppression. Subsequently, the detection map is morphologically processed, the connected areas are ranked, and the bilateral filter parameters are adjusted based on the detection results. The Canny road crack detection map is then extracted by the convolutional feature extraction module, fused with the low feature layer in the DeepLabV3+ detection network, and finally stitched with the high feature layer; the resulting map is obtained after convolutional feature extraction. The method was validated on the publicly available complex road crack dataset CRACK500; the experimental results showed that feature fusion outperformed the adaptive Canny, DeepLabV3+, Unet, PSPnet, and ICnet algorithms by more than 6.5% on the Mean Intersection over Union(MIoU) and also in Mean Absolute Error(MAE) by effectively combining crack features and improving the detection accuracy.
Rare Muon Decays, Heavy Leptons, and CP Violation

We generalize and elaborate a model recently proposed by Cheng and Li. It is characterized by the breakdown of separate conservation laws for e and . mu. lepton types and allows for such processes as . mu. -->. e + . gamma. , . mu. -->. 3e. Our generalization incorporates the singly charged heavy lepton discovered in e/sup +/e/sup -/ colliding-beam experiments, and it opens up the possibility of introducing CP-violating effects in lepton reactions. We analyze the . mu. -->. 3e decay process, both with respect to rate (relative to .mu. .-->. e + .gamma.) and spectrum, including CP-violating correlations. Other physically interesting features are also discussed for the generalized scheme: neutrino ''sharing'' and off-diagonal neutral-current effects.
Ultrasound features combined with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for prediction of pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer.

AIM Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) plays an important role in the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. The early identification of patients who can truly benefit from preoperative NAC is crucial in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to explore whether the ultrasound features and clinical characteristics combined with tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte(TIL) levels can improve the performance of predicting NAC efficacy in breast cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this retrospective study, 202 invasive breast cancer patients who underwent NAC followed by surgery were included. The baseline ultrasound features were reviewed by two radiologists. Miller-Payne Grading (MPG) was used to assess pathological response, and MPG 4-5 was defined as major histologic responders (MHR). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate independent predictors for MHR and build the prediction models. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the performance of the models. RESULTS Of the 202 patients, 104 patients achieved MHR and 98 patients achieved non-MHR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the US size (p=0.042), molecular subtypes (p=0.001), TIL levels (p<0.001), shape (p=0.030), and posterior features (p=0.018) were independent predictors for MHR. The model combined the US features, clinical characteristics, and TIL levels had a better performance with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.811, a sensitivity of 0.663, and a specificity of 0.847. CONCLUSION The model combined US features, clinical characteristics, and TIL levels had a better performance in predicting pathological response to NAC in breast cancer.
Above- and below-threshold high-order-harmonic generation of H 2 + in intense elliptically polarized laser fields

7 We present an ab initio 3D precision calculation and analysis of high-order harmonic genera- 8 tion (HHG) of the hydrogen molecular ion subject to intense elliptically polarized laser pulses by 9 means of the time-dependent generalized pseudospectral (TDGPS) method in two-center prolate 10 spheroidal coordinates. The calculations are performed for the ground and first excited electronic 11 states of H 2+ at the equilibrium internuclear separation as well as for the stretched mo- 12 lecule at a.u. The spectral and temporal structures of the HHG signal are explored by 13 means of the wavelet time-frequency analysis. Several novel ellipticity-dependent dynamical be- 14 haviors are uncovered. We found that the production of above-threshold harmonics for non-zero 15 ellipticity is generally reduced, as compared with LP fields. However, below-threshold harmon- 16 ics still appear quite strong except when the polarization plane is perpendicular to the molecular 17 axis. Weak even harmonics are detected in the HHG spectra of stretched molecules. This effect 18 can be explained by the broken inversion symmetry due to dynamic localization of the electron 19 density near one of the nuclei. Multiphoton resonance and two-center interference effects are 20 analyzed for the exploration of the quantum origin of the predicted HHG spectral and dynamical 21 behavior. 22
Spectroscopic and Electrostatic Investigation of the Diverging Cusped-Field Thruster

A magnetized plasma thruster variant with a divergent chamber and strong magnetic cusps has been been prototyped and preliminarily characterized at the MIT Space Propulsion Laboratory. This paper expands upon the previous work with a non-invasive, optical examination of the near-field plume and discharge chamber phenomena. Calibrated broadband spectra reveal changes in Xe I and II level populations with operational mode, while high resolution narrow bandwidth scans are used to examine trends in multiply charged ion fractions and Doppler shifted profiles. An internal electrostatic probe apparatus is also decribed which has been installed to observe ion flux to diverging channel surfaces in order to determine the efficacy with which the magnetic topology is used to reduce ion bombardment energies.
Psychological contract on employee consequences among collegiate head coaches: The moderating role of procedural justice

The current study investigated the relationship between the psychological contract (PC), trust, perceived organizational support (POS), organizational commitment, and turnover intention among collegiate head coaches. In addition, this study explored the moderating effect of procedural justice on the relationship between these variables. Data were collected from 283 full-time head coaches in the NCAA and were primarily analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results indicated that relational PC (R-PC), compared to transactional PC (T-PC), was more influential in affecting coaches’ POS, trust, and commitment, while T-PC influenced POS only, but not trust and commitment. In addition, both trust and POS were positively associated with coaches’ affective commitment, while affective commitment, POS, and trust, in this order, were negatively related to their turnover intentions. Coaches’ perceived procedural justice moderated the relationship between T-PC and employee consequences, indicating that T-PC was more meaningful in high justice situations.
COUPLED SYNCHRONIZATION OF HYPERCHAOTIC SYSTEMS

The hyperchaotic synchronization was achieved in LC oscillator via the mutual coupling method. The method to confirm coupling coefficient was given, the largest Lyapunov exponent spectra were calculated, and the connection between the coupling parameter and the synchronization time is discussed and given. Synchronization will be lost in the case of mismatched parameters.
INSTITUTIONAL CONVERGENCE IN UKRAINE

The aim of the article is to develop recommendations for improving the level of institutional convergence in Ukraine. To this end, the following tasks have been set and solved: an assessment of the level of institutional convergence in Ukraine has been carried out, which includes an analysis of international indices characterising the quality of formal institutions and a further selection of indicators that are informative about convergent/divergent processes in the country; factors supporting institutional divergence in the country have been identified; recommendations have been developed to offset the importance of factors supporting institutional divergence. Methodology. The methodological and theoretical basis of the study is a systematic approach to the analysis of processes and phenomena, institutional economic theory, scientific works of the classics of economic science, leading modern domestic and foreign scholars on the problems of institutional efficiency. Results. The understanding of the essence of institutional convergence/divergence as a phenomenon characterising the local replacement of formal institutions by informal ones as a consequence of the unacceptable content of formal rules for a certain category of citizens and/or the low risk of being held accountable for their violation has been further developed. The level of institutional convergence in Ukraine is assessed on the basis of the analysis of international indices (Worldwide Governance Indicators, The Rule of Law Index, The International Property Right Index). It is noted that the indicator of the level of institutional convergence in Ukraine is an important factor that should be taken into account in the development and preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of socio-economic projects, since the usefulness of such actions for society and, consequently, the efficiency of resource spending depends on the extent to which the public is ready to accept any public or private initiatives. Recommendations have been developed to increase the level of institutional convergence by reducing the asymmetry of information in the communication system. It is determined that the asymmetry is a consequence of the high cost of information transmission and involvement of subjects in communication channels. It is proposed to digitise the systemic communication channels between the State, business and society, which will make the costs of attracting and transmitting information close to zero. Practical implications. A scientific and methodological approach to increasing the level of institutional convergence is developed. Value/originality. A methodology for assessing the level of institutional convergence in Ukraine is proposed, which involves the selection of informative indicators of convergent/divergent processes in the country from international institutional quality indices and the systematisation of the information obtained. The concept of increasing the level of institutional convergence, which includes the digitalisation of public communication channels, is developed.
Role of Balance Scorecard in Improving Business Decision Making and Effectiveness: An Analytical Study

A performance management tool known as the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) has the potential to significantly increase India's businesses' efficiency and decision-making. The BSC provides an extensive view of an organization's success by analysing key performance indicators from four separate perspectives: financial, customer, internal processes, and learning and growth.The BSC enables companies in India to more effectively integrate their long-term objectives and strategies into their daily operations. Information on profitability is provided from the financial perspective, while customer happiness and loyalty are gauged from that perspective.The internal processes perspective emphasises the effectiveness of internal procedures, while the learning and growth perspective identifies opportunities for employee advancement.Businesses can better identify their strengths and weaknesses and make changes that will increase overall effectiveness by monitoring performance from all four viewpoints. Organizations can spot opportunities for improvement and take proactive measures to improve their overall performance by monitoring key performance indicators from a variety of angles.
The Design and Performance of an Electronic Torque Standard Directly Traceable to the Revised SI

The United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been developing a new device for primary standard realization of torque utilizing established traceability to quantum-electrical standards following the 2019 revision of the International system of units (SIs). This device, the Electronic NIST Torque Realizer (ENTR) is a device directly traceable to the quantum-electrical standards of the revised SI with the goal of outperforming current commercial torque transducer uncertainty levels, improving torque tool calibration at low torque ranges, and shortening the torque standards dissemination chain. This project’s goal is to create a device for torque calibrations with an operational range of $7\,\, {}\times {}10^{-4}$ Nm to 1 Nm with uncertainty at or below 0.1%. We intend ENTR to be a possible replacement for present transfer standards used in the torque standards dissemination chain, easing the financial and logistical burdens of current torque standards dissemination systems.
Effect of Acidic Strength of Surface Ligands on the Carrier Relaxation Dynamics of Hybrid Perovskite Nanocrystals

Perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) are known for their use in numerous optoelectronic applications. Surface ligands are critical for passivating surface defects to enhance the charge transport and photoluminescence quantum yields of the PeNCs. Herein, we investigated the dual functional abilities of bulky cyclic organic ammonium cations as surface-passivating agents and charge scavengers to overcome the lability and insulating nature of conventional long-chain type oleyl amine and oleic acid ligands. Here, red-emitting hybrid PeNCs of the composition CsxFA(1−x)PbBryI(3−y) are chosen as the standard (Std) sample, where cyclohexylammonium (CHA), phenylethylammonium (PEA) and (trifuluoromethyl)benzylamonium (TFB) cations were chosen as the bifunctional surface-passivating ligands. Photoluminescence decay dynamics showed that the chosen cyclic ligands could successfully eliminate the shallow defect-mediated decay process. Further, femtosecond transient absorption spectral (TAS) studies uncovered the rapidly decaying non-radiative pathways; i.e., charge extraction (trapping) by the surface ligands. The charge extraction rates of the bulky cyclic organic ammonium cations were shown to depend on their acid dissociation constant (pKa) values and actinic excitation energies. Excitation wavelength-dependent TAS studies indicate that the exciton trapping rate is slower than the carrier trapping rate of these surface ligands.
Total variation image restoration for mixed blur in moving image

In order to restore the image in the video frame of a moving image,the mixed blur that combines two common blur types,motion blur and defocus blur,was discussed.Firstly,blur types were determined according to the difference in spectrum features and the Point Spread Function(PSF) was estimated quantitatively using the cepstrum analysis.Blur parameters in simulation experiments were chosen based on engineering to verify the accuracy of the cepstrum analysis in the PSF estimation method.Then,a gradient fidelity term was coupled with total variation image restoration algorithm to constrain the impact of the PSF estimation error on image restoration and the Split-Bregman algorithm that is compatible with the L1 norm was adopted to accomplish the numerical computing in restoration algorithm.Finally,the simulation experiments and the real image restoration were carried to verify the performance of the algorithm.The results show that cepstrum analysis for estimating the PSF has an accuracy rate of 90%. The proposed algorithm can preserve edges and details,inhibit the ringing effect effectively and shows its Peak Signal to Noise Rate(PSNR) to be 28.92 dB.
Weight and Metabolic Outcomes in Naïve HIV Patients Treated with Integrase Inhibitor-Based Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: The use of integrase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy could be associated with worse weight and metabolic outcomes in patients with HIV infection. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched from inception to March 2022. We selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing integrase inhibitors with other antiretroviral classes (efavirenz-based or protease inhibitor-based therapies) in naïve HIV patients. Random effects meta-analysis was used to assess the effects of integrase inhibitors vs. controls on weight and lipid outcomes. Effects were described as mean differences (MD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Certain pieces of evidence (CoE) were evaluated using the GRADE methodology. Results: Six RCTs (n = 3521) were included, with patients followed up between 48 and 96 weeks. The use of integrase inhibitors in comparison with other antiretroviral classes was associated with an increase in weight (MD 2.15 kg, 95%CI 1.40 to 2.90, I2 = 0%, moderate CoE), and decreases in total cholesterol (MD −13.44 mg/dL, 95%CI −23.49 to −3.39, I2 = 96%, low CoE), LDL cholesterol (MD −1.37 mg/dL, 95%CI −19.24 to −3.50, I2 = 83%, low CoE), HDL cholesterol (MD −5.03 mg/dL, 95%CI −10.61 to 0.54, I2 = 95%, low CoE), and triglycerides (MD −20.70 mg/dL, 95%CI −37.25 to −4.15, I2 = 92%, low CoE). There was a high risk of bias in two RCTs and some concerns about bias in two RCTs. Conclusions: In HIV patients, the use of integrase inhibitor-based therapy in comparison with protease inhibitor- or NNRTI-based therapy was associated with a small increase in weight and small decreases in lipid serum levels.
Contribution a L'etude Du Probleme Des Timbres Poste

On demande le nombre Sn de maniéres dont on peut replier une bande de n timbres-poste (TP) sur un seul timbre. Dans le graphique de Sainte Lagüe (graphique SL) [3, p. 39], les liaisons entre timbres ne doivent pas se couper (fig. 1). Nous supposerons toujours que le timbre 1 occupe la premiére place à gauche, car si Pn est, dans ce cas, le nombre de permutations bonnes, on aura Sn = nPn. Nous supposerons de plus que la liaison (1, 2) est au-dessus de l'axe. Nous appellerons arc pair ou couple pair un arc (a, a + 1) où a est pair; arc impair ou couple impair un arc (a, a + 1) où est impair. Nous appellerons aussi permutation inverse de la permutation .