Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fault prediction considering threshold effects of object‐oriented metrics

Software product quality can be enhanced significantly if we have a good knowledge and understanding of the potential faults therein. This paper describes a study to build predictive models to identify parts of the software that have high probability of occurrence of fault. We have considered the effect of thresholds of object‐oriented metrics on fault proneness and built predictive models based on the threshold values of the metrics used. Prediction of fault prone classes in earlier phases of software development life cycle will help software developers in allocating the resources efficiently. In this paper, we have used a statistical model derived from logistic regression to calculate the threshold values of object oriented, Chidamber and Kemerer metrics. Thresholds help developers to alarm the classes that fall outside a specified risk level. In this way, using the threshold values, we can divide the classes into two levels of risk – low risk and high risk. We have shown threshold effects at various risk levels and validated the use of these thresholds on a public domain, proprietary dataset, KC1 obtained from NASA and two open source, Promise datasets, IVY and JEdit using various machine learning methods and data mining classifiers. Interproject validation has also been carried out on three different open source datasets, Ant and Tomcat and Sakura. This will provide practitioners and researchers with well formed theories and generalised results. The results concluded that the proposed threshold methodology works well for the projects of similar nature or having similar characteristics.
Fire ecology and management.

This document provides managers with a literature synthesis of the historical conditions, current conditions, fire regime condition classes (FRCC), and recommended treatments for the major ecosystems in southern Utah. Sections are by ecosystems and include: 1) coniferous forests (ponderosa pine, mixed conifer, and Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir), 2) aspen, 3) pinyon-juniper, 4) big and black sagebrush, and 5) desert shrubs (creosotebush, blackbrush, and interior chaparral). Southern Utah is at the ecological crossroads for much of the western United States. It contains steep environmental gradients and a broad range of fuels and fire regimes associated with vegetation types representative of the Rocky Mountains, the Great Basin, Northern Arizona and New Mexico, and the Mohave Desert. The Southern Utah Demonstration Area consists of contiguous state and federal lands within the administrative boundaries of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Fishlake and Dixie National Forests, National Park Sevice, and State of Utah, roughly encompassing the southern 15 percent of Utah (3.24 million ha). The vegetation types described are similar in species composition, stand structure, and ecologic function, including fire regime to vegetation types found on hundreds of millions of hectares in the 11 western states.
Event-Related Features in Feedforward Neural Networks Contribute to Identifying Causal Relations in Discourse

Causal relations play a key role in information extraction and reasoning. Most of the times, their expression is ambiguous or implicit, i.e. without signals in the text. This makes their identification challenging. We aim to improve their identification by implementing a Feedforward Neural Network with a novel set of features for this task. In particular, these are based on the position of event mentions and the semantics of events and participants. The resulting classifier outperforms strong baselines on two datasets (the Penn Discourse Treebank and the CSTNews corpus) annotated with different schemes and containing examples in two languages, English and Portuguese. This result demonstrates the importance of events for identifying discourse relations.
A NOVEL LOW-PROFILE WIDEBAND UHF ANTENNA

In this paper, an ultra high frequency (UHF) low-proflle antenna is proposed; it is based on the discone antenna but with addition of a back cavity, a short-circuiting structure and a two-plate top structure in order to achieve both low-proflle and wideband. It is simulated and prototyped. The test results show that the antenna has an omni-directional radiation pattern in the horizontal plane, is of low-proflle, has a height of less than 0.1‚max, and is wideband with an impedance bandwidth of 65% from 430MHz to 845MHz for VSWR < 2:5 and an impedance bandwidth of 43% from 440MHz to 680MHz for VSWR < 2:0. The proposed antenna can be easily ∞ush- mounted on a planar surface and therefore has great potential for uses on aircrafts and high-speed trains due to its conformal capability.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase C677T

The incidence of congenital heart defects is higher in infants with mutation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. The MTHFR C677T gene decreases the bioavailability of folate and increases plasma homocysteine, a risk factor for thrombosis. There have been no reported cases in the literature on the clinical implications of this procoagulable state in the setting of cyanotic heart disease, which itself has prothrombotic predisposition. Two patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome developed postoperative thrombotic complications, both were homozygous for MTHFR C677T. We present these cases and highlight the implications of MTHFR mutation in the management of complex congenital heart disease.
2.4 A 2.4V 23.9dBm 35.7%-PAE -32.1dBc-ACLR LTE-20MHz envelope-shaping-and-tracking system with a multiloop-controlled AC-coupling supply modulator and a mode-switching PA

Long-term-evolution (LTE) communication enables high data-rates but degrades the efficiency of the power amplifiers (PAs) due to high peak-to-average power ratios of transmitted signals. Envelope tracking (ET) and envelope-elimination-and-restoration (EER) techniques have been proposed to improve the PA efficiency by adapting the PA supply voltage to the envelope. Linear PAs in ET systems are mostly implemented in non-CMOS technologies for high efficiency [1]. However, the growing demand for low-cost integrated systems has motivated the use of CMOS PAs [2]. The main drawback of this is that linear CMOS PAs have poor efficiency. The high efficiency of switching PAs makes them a promising candidate in CMOS [3]. In EER systems, where switching PAs are used, the supply modulator must satisfy stringent noise and bandwidth specifications in order to recover the amplitude information of the LTE signal. Thus, it is a challenge for supply modulators to maintain high efficiency. Recently, a number of methods have been adopted to improve supply-modulator efficiency. In [1], a dual-switching topology is proposed, but it requires an additional inductor and results in an unpredictable noise spectrum. In [4], an AC-coupling topology is adopted to reduce the supply voltage of the linear amplifier. However, due to the slow response of the switching amplifier, the efficiency is still low.
A modeling and optimization study by response surface methodology (RSM) on UO22+ ions adsorption using nano-MgO particles prepared with combustion synthesis

Abstract Nano-MgO particles were made for the adsorption of UO22+ from aqueous solutions. The obtained MgO nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR, XRD and SEM. The adsorption of UO22+ by particle was optimized with RSM. Coefficients of correlation (R2 = 0.99) and probability F-values (F = 3.1 10−10) reveal that the model is very good for the experimental data. Under optimum conditions, the adsorption capacity of nano-MgO particles was found to be 128.4 mg g−1. The results showed that nano-MgO particles were suitable for the sorption of UO22+ ions from aqueous solutions. In addition, the adsorption isotherms and the thermodynamic parameters were examined.
Reference values for exercise limitations among adults with congenital heart disease. Relation to activities of daily life--single centre experience and review of published data.

AIMS We aimed to investigate the distribution of exercise capacity across the spectrum of adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) using own data and the published experience and to provide diagnosis, gender-, and age- specific reference values. METHODS AND RESULTS Publications describing exercise capacity in ACHD patients using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) were identified (n = 2286 patients in 23 papers). In addition, we included 2129 patients who underwent CPET at our own institution. The majority of patients (80%) had reduced peak oxygen uptake (peak VO(2)) compared with normal values (defined as <90% of predicted peak VO(2)). There were significant differences in peak VO(2) between subgroups of patients, with the lowest values seen in patients with Eisenmenger syndrome and complex heart disease. However, even in patients with simple lesions, peak VO(2) was on average significantly reduced compared with normal values. Based on a large number of observations we herewith provide gender- and age-specific peak VO(2) centile plots for the most common lesions (Tetralogy of Fallot, systemic right ventricle, Ebstein anomaly and Fontan-palliation) and relate disease-specific exercise capacity to that required for specific activities of daily life, sports, and occupations. CONCLUSION We provide age-, gender-, and diagnosis-specific data on peak VO(2) levels across the spectrum of ACHD allowing to compare the exercise capacity of individual patients with that of their peer patients. These data should be helpful in interpreting CPET results, guiding therapy, and advising patients on activities of daily life, sports participation, and choice of occupation.
Treating inguinal hernias

Editor—In his editorial Kingsnorth argues that open inguinal hernia repair with the Lichtenstein method is superior to the laparoscopic approach.1 We think that this is not the whole story. In a recent Cochrane review six visceral and seven vascular injuries (in 2498 patients) were reported in the laparoscopic group compared with one and five (in 2758 patients) in the open group.2 In the laparoscopic group the convalescence was significantly shorter than after open surgery (7 days, P < 0.001). Furthermore, and probably most importantly, the review found a significant reduction in the rate of chronic groin pain (290/2101 v 459/2399, P < 0.001) after laparoscopic repair, with no difference in recurrence rates after the two procedures. Although the direct cost of the laparoscopic technique is higher, this difference is eliminated by recommending a convalescence of one week only.3 Kingsnorth's concern about the complex nature of the laparoscopic procedure is legitimate, but, as the learning curve is 30-50 operations,4 this problem can be solved by establishing dedicated centres for laparoscopic hernia repair, as is commonly done in many countries when the Lichtenstein procedure is the preferred method. Laparoscopic hernia repair is not a dangerous procedure. The learning curve can be facilitated by establishing laparoscopic hernia centres, and the cost can be reduced effectively and equalised with the open procedure. Most importantly, laparoscopic hernia repair is followed by much less pain, and this must be one of the top priorities of a responsible surgeon.
Explain Sentiments using Conditional Random Field and a Huge Lexical Network

In this paper, we focus on a particular task which consists in explaining the source and the target of sentiments expressed in social networks. We propose a method for French, which overcomes a fine syntactic parsing and successfully integrate the Conditional Random Field (CRF) method and a smart exploration of a very large lexical network. Quantitative and qualitative experiments were performed on real dataset to validate this approach.
Longitudinal study of quality of life and psychological functioning for active, fluctuating, and inactive disease patterns in inflammatory bowel disease

Background: The aim was to assess quality of life (QOL) and psychological functioning in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as related to patterns of disease activity over time. Methods: Study participants were 388 recently diagnosed individuals from the population‐based Manitoba IBD Cohort Study. They completed mail‐out surveys at 6‐month intervals and clinical interviews annually. Based on their 2‐year pattern of self‐reported disease activity, participants were assigned to 1 of 3 groups: consistently active, fluctuating, or consistently inactive disease. Disease type (Crohn's disease [CD] or ulcerative colitis [UC]) was confirmed through chart review. Change over time was modeled for measures of QOL and positive and negative psychological functioning using mixed‐effects regression analyses. Results: Half of the participants had fluctuating disease activity, while almost one‐third of participants reported consistent active disease. Participants with the fluctuating activity pattern showed significant improvement in disease‐specific QOL compared to participants with consistent activity. Perceived stress, health anxiety, and pain anxiety decreased while pain catastrophizing and mastery increased over time, although the amount of change was not significantly different among disease activity patterns. However, when the data were averaged over time there were significant differences among disease activity patterns on most outcomes. Significant effects of CD versus UC were observed only for the pain measures. Conclusions: Change in IBD QOL is influenced by one's longitudinal profile of disease activity, but change in psychological functioning is not. Effects of disease activity on psychological functioning were modest, suggesting that disease has an impact even when patients are not experiencing active symptoms.
Free convection flow with Joule heating, heat generation and viscous dissipation along a vertical wavy surface

The present numerical dissertation investigates a steady two-dimensional natural convection flow of viscous incompressible fluid considering viscous dissipation along a uniformly heated vertical wavy surface in presence of internal heat generation and Joule heating. Using the appropriate transformations the governing equations are transformed into non-dimensional boundary layer equations manually. After getting dimensionless differential equations manually, the equations are solved numerically by employing the implicit finite difference method together with Keller-box scheme with the help of coding software FORTRAN. Numerical results including the development of velocity profiles, the temperature profiles, the skin friction coefficient Cfx, the rate of heat transfer in terms of Nusselt number Nux, the streamlines as well as the isotherms are shown graphically and in a table form for comparison. The results illustrated that increasing values of heat generation, viscous dissipation and Joule heating parameters, increase the velocity, temperature, skin friction of fluid flow but decrease the rate of heat transfer.
Photocatalytic Disinfection of Contaminated Source-Separated Human Urine for Safe Use as a Fertilizer

PHOTOCATALYTIC DISINFECTION OF CONTAMINATED SOURCE-SEPARATED HUMAN URINE FOR SAFE USE AS A FERTILIZER Haley Piagno Advisor: University of Guelph, 2014 Dr. Edward McBean, PhD, P.Eng. Human urine contains an abundance of nutrients, and can be used as a fertilizer following sanitization to reduce the microbial risks associated with fecal cross-contamination. Photocatalytic disinfection (PCD) may be an alternative to the current sanitization approach if it can be shown to provide effective sanitization at a reasonable incremental cost. This research included an assessment of risk related to handling contaminated urine, evaluations of photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (an indicator) and PCD in urine, and a brief evaluation of costs and benefits of urine source-separation and PCD. Tests showed that urine has an inhibitory effect on photocatalysis. Under the conditions tested, PCD is not an effective method for sanitization of contaminated urine. Recommendations to reduce microbial risks associated with the use of urine as a fertilizer include prevention of fecal contamination and implementation of strategies to minimize exposure to pathogens.
[18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography demonstration of estrogen negative and positive feedback on luteinizing hormone secretion in women.

CONTEXT Precise regulation of the neuroendocrine components of the female reproductive axis involves both negative and positive feedback of estrogen on gonadotropin secretion. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine the hypothalamic and/or pituitary sites of estrogen negative and positive feedback using neuroimaging techniques. DESIGN AND SETTING A graded estrogen infusion protocol was administered at a General Clinical Research Center in an academic medical center. SUBJECTS Healthy postmenopausal women (n = 11) were recruited for study. INTERVENTIONS Serum samples were measured every 4 h. A structural magnetic resonance imaging was performed at baseline, and [(18)F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ((18)FDG) positron emission tomography was performed at baseline and 24 and 72 h. FDG positron emission tomography was co-registered with magnetic resonance imaging scans, and region of interest analysis was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum LH and estradiol were assessed. Normalized values for glucose uptake were extracted from each region of interest for each subject at each time point. RESULTS A decrease in normalized (18)FDG uptake was apparent in the hypothalamus at 24 h (P < 0.02) associated with decreased LH (P < 0.0005). The increase in LH at 72 h (P < 0.0005) was associated with increased pituitary (18)FDG uptake (P < 0.02) but no change in hypothalamic uptake. CONCLUSIONS Changes in (18)FDG uptake as a measure of metabolic activity can be demonstrated in the hypothalamus and pituitary in association with discrete hormonal events. Results are consistent with mediation of estrogen negative feedback on LH at the hypothalamus, whereas estrogen positive feedback occurs at the pituitary with no evidence of increased hypothalamic activity in women.
Supporting executable mappings in model management

Model management is an approach to simplify the programming of metadata-intensive applications. It offers developers powerful operators, such as Compose, Diff, and Merge, that are applied to models, such as database schemas or interface specifications, and to mappings between models. Prior model management solutions focused on a simple class of mappings that do not have executable semantics. Yet many metadata applications require that mappings be executable, expressed in SQL, XSLT, or other data transformation languages.In this paper, we develop a semantics for model-management operators that allows applying the operators to executable mappings. Our semantics captures previously-proposed desiderata and is language-independent: the effect of the operators is expressed in terms of what they do to the instances of models and mappings. We describe an implemented prototype in which mappings are represented as dependencies between relational schemas, and discuss algebraic optimization of model-management scripts.
Mining Implications from Lattices of Closed Trees

We propose a way of extracting high-confidence association rules from datasets consisting of unlabeled trees. The antecedents are obtained through a computation akin to a hypergraph transversal, whereas the consequents follow from an application of the closure operators on unlabeled trees developed in previous recent works of the authors. We discuss in more detail the case of rules that always hold, independently of the dataset, since these are more complex than in itemsets due to the fact that we are no longer working on a lattice.
Biosynthesis and Identification of an N-Oxide/N-Glucuronide Metabolite and First Synthesis of an N-O-Glucuronide Metabolite of Lu AA21004

This article describes the biosynthesis and identification of a new class of metabolites, a piperazine N-oxide/N-glucuronide metabolite 4-[2-(2,4-dimethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-phenyl]-1-β-d-glucuronic acid-piperazine 1-oxide (4). The metabolite was found in urine and plasma from humans and animals dosed with 1-[2-(2,4-dimethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-phenyl]-piperazine hydrobromide (Lu AA21004, 1), as a novel multimodal antidepressant under development for treatment of depression. Human liver microsomes in combination with uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronic acid were used as an in vitro system to generate enough material of 4 to perform one- and two-dimensional 1H and 13C NMR experiments for structure elucidation. Based on rotating frame Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy NMR experiments, the distance correlation between a piperazine proton and the anomeric proton of the glucuronic acid moiety is of a magnitude similar to that of the H-3′ and H-5′ protons and can only be explained by proximity in space and the postulated structure (4). The structural analog, the N-O-glucuronic acid conjugate 6-{4-[2-(2,4-dimethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-phenyl]-piperazin-1-yloxy}-1-β-d-glucuronic acid (3) was also observed in biological samples from humans and animals and the first organic synthesis and structural identification of this metabolite is also reported. Treatment of the glucuronide metabolites 3 and 4 with β-glucuronidase gave mainly the expected hydrolysis product, the hydroxyl amine 4-[2-(2,4-dimethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-phenyl]-piperazin-1-ol (2).
Steaming treatment decreases MOE and compression strength in turkey oak wood

This study examined the mechanical properties of Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) wood before and after combined steam and thermal treatments under vacuum conditions. Wood was steamed at 100 to 110°C and thermally treated under vacuum at 160°C by the press-vacuum or thermo-vacuum process. Treated material was characterized in terms of the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and compression strength of heartwood and sapwood. The MOE was established using a nondestructive technique based on the measurement of ultrasonic pulse propagation. Results differed depending on the treatment or combination of treatments, and showed that the steaming process strongly affected the MOE. Thermo-vacuum treatment increased the compression strength, whereas steaming had the opposite effect.
Advanced Nanoengineering Materials

The Guest Editors for this Special Issue were pleased to welcome contributions from researchers studying advanced nanomaterials and nanocomposites from both fundamental and applied perspectives. Manuscripts covered their applications, their development perspectives, their product design, and methods for the investigation of their structure and properties. Three articles concentrated on bioapplications of nanoengineered materials. K. A. López-Varela et al. explored multibranched gold nanoparticles as a promising tool for localized photothermal therapy. J. Jiang et al. investigated gold liposomes for light-responsive drug release. L. Zhang et al. developed novel nanocomposites with antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of microorganisms. Meanwhile, the remaining articles probed structural and physical properties. V. A. Kotov et al. studied the preparation and magnetooptical properties of ultrathin bismuth-substituted iron garnet films. E. Sakher et al. used X-ray diffraction techniques to follow the mechanical alloying of Ni and Ti elemental powders into nanocrystalline materials, uncovering details of the phase composition over time. Lastly, L. Zhong et al. uncovered a new type of TaC ceramic containing nanoprecipitates, which may warrant further research. Although these six papers cannot provide the full image of the field of advanced nanoengineering materials, we nevertheless hope that the combination of these contributed papers will stimulate readers’ imagination around the multifaceted nature and possible effects of this research, and more importantly will inspire them to undertake their work in this very wide and open area of investigation.