Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theoretical optimization of high-frequency optogenetic spiking of red-shifted very fast-Chrimson-expressing neurons

Abstract. A detailed theoretical analysis and optimization of high-fidelity, high-frequency firing of the red-shifted very-fast-Chrimson (vf-Chrimson) expressing neurons is presented. A four-state model for vf-Chrimson photocycle has been formulated and incorporated in Hodgkin–Huxley and Wang–Buzsaki spiking neuron circuit models. The effect of various parameters that include irradiance, pulse width, frequency, expression level, and membrane capacitance has been studied in detail. Theoretical simulations are in excellent agreement with recently reported experimental results. The analysis and optimization bring out additional interesting features. A minimal pulse width of 1.7 ms at 23 mW / mm2 induces a peak photocurrent of 1250 pA. Optimal irradiance (0.1 mW / mm2) and pulse width (50 μs) to trigger action potential have been determined. At frequencies beyond 200 Hz, higher values of expression level and irradiance result in spike failure. Singlet and doublet spiking fidelity can be maintained up to 400 and 150 Hz, respectively. The combination of expression level and membrane capacitance is a crucial factor to achieve high-frequency firing above 500 Hz. Its optimization enables 100% spike probability of up to 1 kHz. The study is useful in designing new high-frequency optogenetic neural spiking experiments with desired spatiotemporal resolution, by providing insights into the temporal spike coding, plasticity, and curing neurodegenerative diseases.
PENGARUH PENYAJIAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN DAERAH, AKSESIBILITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN DAN SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERN TERHADAP AKUNTABILITAS PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAERAH

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Regional Financial Report Presentation, Financial Statement Accessibility and Internal Control Systems on Regional Financial Management Accountability (Empirical Study at the Regional Financial and Revenue Management Agency (BPKPD) Klungkung Regency). This research was conducted at BPKPD Klungkung Regency with a total sample of 57 employees, with a purposive sampling method. The type of data used is primary data. The data was collected by using questionnaires and data processing using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that (a) the regional financial statement presentation variables affect the accountability of regional financial management. (b) the variable of financial report accessibility has no effect on the accountability of regional financial management (c) the variable of the internal control system has no effect on the accountability of regional financial management.
Molecular Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Deformed Wing Virus and Sacbrood Virus Isolated from Pollen

Simple Summary Honey bee viruses annually cause serious damage to beekeeping worldwide. Therefore, it is important to accumulate more data regarding routes by which viruses spread. This study was carried out to investigate six of the most widely distributed honey bee viruses in pollen samples either collected from different regions in Bulgaria or purchased directly from the trade market. The obtained results showed the presence of deformed wing virus and sacbrood virus with different frequencies within the examined regions. The phylogenetic analyses of Bulgarian isolates were performed considering the most similar worldwide strains available in the GenBank database. Consequently, it has been concluded that pollen is a valuable source for the detection of honey bee viruses, which provides additional information regarding the horizontal way of spreading of these viruses. Abstract Among many pathogens and pests, honey bee viruses are known as one of the most common cause of diseases in honey bee colonies. In this study, we demonstrate that pollen grains and bee bread are potential sources of viral DNA. We extracted DNA from 3 types of pollen samples: directly provided by beekeepers (n = 12), purchased from trade markets (n = 5), and obtained from honeycombs (bee bread, n = 10). The extracted DNA was used for molecular detection (RT-PCR analysis) of six of the most widely distributed honey bee viruses: deformed wing virus, sacbrood virus, acute bee paralysis virus, black queen cell virus, Kashmir bee virus, Israeli acute paralysis virus, and chronic bee paralysis virus. We successfully managed to establish only the deformed wing virus (DWV) and the sacbrood virus (SBV), with different distribution frequencies depending on the territory of the country. The phylogenetic analyses of Bulgarian isolates were performed with the most similar sequences available in molecular databases from other countries. Phylogenies of Bulgarian viral strains demonstrated genetically heterogeneous populations of DWV and relatively homogenous populations of SBV. In conclusion, the results obtained from the current study have shown that pollen is a valuable source for molecular detection of honey bee pathogens. This allows epidemiological monitoring of honey bee diseases at a regional and a national level.
Catalogue of the orbital elements, masses, and luminosities for short-periodic RS CVn-type eclipsing systems

New data on the orbital elements, masses, and luminosities were collected for 31 pre-contact binary systems of short-periodic ${RS}$ ${CVn}$-type. We treat the catalogued data statistically in order to accurately define the properties and evolutionary status of each class system. The ages of pre-contact systems were estimated by the isochrone method. Numerous comments and bibliographic references to the catalogue are also included.
3D modelling from images using geometric constraints

Image-based 3D modeling is often an underconstrained and noise-sensitive process. Incorporation of geometrical constraints increases the robustness of this process, even when dealing with small image sets. This relies on a human operator and his intuitive knowledge of the main properties of the objects commonly present in scenes. In this thesis we propose various approaches for the camera and model constraints satisfaction. In particular, we propose an original method for the satisfaction of constraints in an exact way. Contrary to most existing work, each proposed method is completed by algorithms dealing with problems engendered by insufficient user-provided input. The introduced methods are validated by reconstruction of 3D models from small image sets, and even from single images. The images used for reconstructions are taken from various sources, such as the Internet, postcards or architectural drawings.
PERISTALTIC FLOW OF A COMPRESSIBLE NON-NEWTONIAN MAXWELLIAN FLUID THROUGH POROUS MEDIUM IN A TUBE

This work is concerned with the peristaltic transport of a Newtonian and non-Newtonian Maxwellian fluid in an axisymetric cylindrical tube filled with a homogenous porous medium, in which the flow is induced by traveling transversal waves on the tube wall. Like in peristaltic pumping, the traveling transversal waves induce a net flow of the liquid inside the tube. The viscosity as well as the compressibility of the liquid is taken into account. Modified Darcy's law has been used to model the governing equation. The present theoretical model may be considered as mathematical representation to the case of gall bladder and bile duct with stones and dynamics of blood flow in living creatures. The Navier–Stokes equations for an axisymmetric cylindrical tube are solved by means of a perturbation analysis, in which the ratio of the wave amplitude to the radius of the tube is small parameter. In the second order approximation, a net flow induced by the traveling wave is calculated for various values of the compressibility of the liquid, relaxation time and the permeability parameter of porous medium. The calculations disclose that the compressibility of the liquid, the permeability parameter of porous medium and non-Newtonian effects in presence of peristaltic transport have a strong influence of the net flow rate. Finally, the graphical results are reported and discussed for various values of the physical parameters of interest.
Scalable Single-Input Behavioral Modeling Architecture for MIMO Systems With Crosstalk

The inherent nonlinear behavior exhibited by power amplifiers (PAs) in saturation mode is a major impediment in wireless systems to achieve higher power efficiency, and higher spectral efficiency. Although PA behavioral modeling and digital predistortion (DPD) techniques are widely utilized at transmitter to characterize and linearize such distorted nonlinear output of PAs, the nonlinear distortions with memory effects have become more severe due to simultaneous strong crosstalk between multiple PA branches in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) arrays. Furthermore, current multi-input behavioral models suffer from a sharp increase in number of coefficients as the number of transmitter path increases in MIMO. In overcoming these challenges, we propose a decomposed cross-correlation based single-input-single-output (CC-SISO) behavioral modeling architecture. The proposed solution utilizes a low-cost, novel cross-correlation based method to estimate and cancel the simultaneous nonlinear and reverse crosstalk from multiple PA branches. Once the crosstalk is mitigated, the MIMO DPD can be implemented with single-input DPD blocks which significantly reduces the complexity. Furthermore, CC-SISO DPD eliminates the requirement for signal feedback paths before and after the PA, and thus reduces overall hardware implementation complexity. Through simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed CC-SISO architecture can reduce the overall complexity of state-of-art multi-input DPD models for MIMO systems.
Fluholoscopy—Compact and Simple Platform Combining Fluorescence and Holographic Microscopy

The combination of different imaging modalities into single imaging platforms has a strong potential in biomedical sciences as it permits the analysis of complementary properties of the target sample. Here, we report on an extremely simple, cost-effective, and compact microscope platform for achieving simultaneous fluorescence and quantitative phase imaging modes with the capability of working in a single snapshot. It is based on the use of a single illumination wavelength to both excite the sample’s fluorescence and provide coherent illumination for phase imaging. After passing the microscope layout, the two imaging paths are separated using a bandpass filter, and the two imaging modes are simultaneously obtained using two digital cameras. We first present calibration and analysis of both fluorescence and phase imaging modalities working independently and, later on, experimental validation for the proposed common-path dual-mode imaging platform considering static (resolution test targets, fluorescent micro-beads, and water-suspended lab-made cultures) as well as dynamic (flowing fluorescent beads, human sperm cells, and live specimens from lab-made cultures) samples.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPRESSIBLE FLOW BETWEEN TWO PARALLEL DISKS

Compressible flows between two parallel disks are frequently encountered in fluid power components such as pneumatic statistical bearings, pneumatic nozzle-flapper valves and pneumatic valves. Such flows are difficult to solve theoretically because both viscous and compressible effects exist. In the present study, a theory is developed to predict the flow characteristics, assuming that the flow is one dimensional and steady. Experiments are performed, and their results agree fairly well with theoretical results.
A logarithmic reduction algorithm for quasi-birth-death processes

Quasi-birth-death processes are commonly used Markov chain models in queueing theory, computer performance, teletraffic modeling and other areas. We provide a new, simple algorithm for the matrix-geometric rate matrix. We demonstrate that it has quadratic convergence. We show theoretically and through numerical examples that it converges very fast and provides extremely accurate results even for almost unstable models.
Large-Debye-distance effects in a homogeneous plasma

The classical phenomenon of electron plasma oscillations has been investigated from new aspects. The applicability of standard normal-mode analysis of plasma perturbations has been judged from comparisons with exact numerical solutions to the linearized initial-value problem. We consider both Maxwellian and non-Maxwellian velocity distributions. Emphasis is on perturbations for which αλD is of order unity, where α is the wavenumber and λD the Debye distance. The corresponding large-Debye-distance (LDD) damping is found to substantially dominate over Landau damping. This limits the applicability of normal-mode analysis of non-Maxwellian distributions. The physics of LDD damping and its close connection to large-Larmor-radius (LLR) damping is discussed. A major discovery concerns perturbations of plasmas with non-Maxwellian, bump-in-tail, velocity distribution functions f0(ω). For sufficiently large αλD (of order unity) the plasma responds by damping perturbations that are initially unstable in the Landau sense, i.e. with phase velocities initially in the interval where df0/dw > 0. It is found that the plasma responds through shifting the phase velocity above the upper velocity limit of this interval. This is shown to be due to a resonance with the drifting electrons of the bump, and explains the Penrose criterion.
Development of Estimation Models for Individual Tree Aboveground Biomass Based on TLS-Derived Parameters

Forest biomass is a foundation for evaluating the contribution to the carbon cycle of forests, and improving biomass estimation accuracy is an urgent problem to be addressed. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) enables the accurate restoration of the real 3D structure of forests and provides valuable information about individual trees; therefore, using TLS to accurately estimate aboveground biomass (AGB) has become a vital technical approach. In this study, we developed individual tree AGB estimation models based on TLS-derived parameters, which are not available using traditional methods. The height parameters and crown parameters were extracted from the point cloud data of 1104 trees. Then, a stepwise regression method was used to select variables for developing the models. The results showed that the inclusion of height parameters and crown parameters in the model provided an additional 3.76% improvement in model estimation accuracy compared to a DBH-only model. The optimal linear model included the following variables: diameter at breast height (DBH), minimum contact height (Hcmin), standard deviation of height (Hstd), 1% height percentile (Hp1), crown volume above the minimum contact height (CVhcmin), and crown radius at the minimum contact height (CRhcmin). Comparing the performance of the models on the test set, the ranking is as follows: artificial neural network (ANN) model > random forest (RF) model > linear mixed-effects (LME) model > linear (LN) model. Our results suggest that TLS has substantial potential for enhancing the accuracy of individual-tree AGB estimation and can reduce the workload in the field and greatly improve the efficiency of estimation. In addition, the model developed in this paper is applicable to airborne laser scanning data and provides a novel approach for estimating forest biomass at large scales.
All-optical vapor density control for electromagnetically induced transparency

We demonstrate the feasibility of coherent spectroscopy experiments in alkali vapors at room temperature by using an automatic all-optical atomic dispenser. The reliability of the system is proved by observing electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonances in siloxane-coated cells where large and stable K densities are achieved by light-controlled atomic desorption from the cell coating. The experimental results prove that this technique preserves the orientation of the atomic system, and, at the same time, allows a fine, continuous, and rapid control of the vapor density also suitable for magnetic-sensitive applications.
Root Maturation of an Immature Dens Invaginatus Despite Unsuccessful Revitalization Procedure: A Case Report and Recommendations for Educational Purposes

Background: The clinical management of teeth with complex dens invaginatus (DI) malformations and apical periodontitis may be challenging due to the lack of routine. The aim of this case report is to describe the endodontic treatment of an immature tooth with DI and to discuss strategies for preclinical training for teeth with such malformations. Case report: A 9-year-old male presented with an immature maxillary incisor with DI (Oehlers Type II) and apical periodontitis which was diagnosed by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Revitalization was initially attempted but then abandoned after failure to generate a stable blood clot. Nevertheless, considerable increase in both root length and thickness could be detected after medication with calcium hydroxide followed by root canal filling with MTA as an apical plug. Conclusions: The endodontic management of teeth with DI requires thorough treatment planning. In immature teeth, under certain conditions, root maturation may occur even with conventional apexification procedures. From an educational perspective, different strategies including CBCT and 3D-printed transparent tooth models for visualization of the complex internal morphology and redesigned 3D-printed replica with various degrees of difficulty for endodontic training, can be used to overcome the challenges associated with endodontic treatment of such teeth.
A dynamical systems approach to constrained minimization

We present an ordinary differential equations approach to solve general smooth minimization problems including a convergence analysis. Generically often the procedure ends up at a point which fulfills sufficient conditions for a local minimum. This procedure will then be rewritten in the concept of differential algebraic equations which opens the route to an efficient implementation. Furthermore, we link this approach with the classical SQP-approach and apply both techniques onto two examples relevant in applications.
Design of High-Order Difference Scheme and Analysis of Solution Characteristics—Part II: A Kind of Third-Order Difference Scheme and New Scheme Design Theory

In this Part II, on the basis of the general style design of second-order difference scheme and the analysis of the absolutely stable scheme proposed in Part I, the companion article, the general design method of any high-order difference scheme is proposed. Based on this method, a new kind of third-order difference scheme including 17 different variants is constructed, which uses the same grid points as existing second-order difference schemes but is different from them in that the grids are chosen symmetrically from two sides of the interface. Because they have the same matrix style created by the same grid plots of the discretization equation, these third-order schemes require the same CPU time and memory as the second-order schemes; however, this kind of symmetrical third-order difference scheme will keep the consistency between the false diffusion and the stability, and the stability of the scheme is better than that of the existing biased second-order scheme. Further research shows that under the conditions of matrix style and computer memory, the scheme constituted by symmetrically numbered grids from two sides of the interface with odd order of accuracy can maintain consistency between numerical accuracy and stability better than any kind of scheme designed according to the “upwind” idea. Based on this understanding, a new scheme design theory called symmetric and odd-order accuracy scheme design theory is proposed.
Investigation of the Underlying Mechanism of Sclerosteosis Expression in Muscle Tissue in Multiple Myeloma with Sarcopenia

Objective To explore the role of sclerosteosis (SOST) gene expression in the occurrence and development of multiple myeloma (MM) complicated with sarcopenia. Methods Analysis of the SOST expression in skeletal muscle tissue of patients with MM using high-throughput sequencing combined with transcriptomics; observation of morphological changes of the mouse C2C12 myoblasts co-cultured with SP2/0 myeloma cells in Transwell; observation of the SOST expression in the C2C12 myoblasts using the immunofluorescence labeling method; and assessment of the changes in exercise capacity of mice with MM using ethology; and the measurement of the SOST expression in muscles of mice using immunohistochemistry. Results The transcription level of the SOST gene in the muscle tissue was significantly higher in patients with MM and sarcopenia than in patients with MM without sarcopenia and elderly patients with sarcopenia; the area of C2C12 mouse myoblasts co-cultured with SP2/0 myeloma cells was 167,904 ± 8653.7 pix; this was significantly lower than the area of 402,994 ± 13,575.0 pix in the control group (CG); the fluorescence intensity of SOST in the cells of the experimental group (EG) was 159,389 ± 10,534 AU; this was significantly higher than the intensity of 26,338 ± 6059 AU in the CG; the differences in results of the coat-hanger test, the tail suspension test, the weight-bearing forced swimming test, and the grip strength test between the tumor-bearing mice in the EG and the CG were statistically significant; and the quantitative result of SOST expression in the muscle tissue of the EG mice was 11,515 ± 1573 pix; this was significantly higher than the result of 3399 ± 798.8 pix in the CG. Conclusion The SOST gene expression was significantly higher in muscle of mice in EG than in CG; and increased SOST gene expression might be a pathogenesis of MM complicated with sarcopenia.
Examination of Shape Variation of the Skull in British Shorthair, Scottish Fold, and Van Cats

Simple Summary From the taxonomic point of view, it is important to reveal the interspecific and interracial differences in the shape of the skull. This study revealed differences in the shape of the skulls of three different cat breeds. The differences generally occurred around the orbit. It has been shown that the shape of the orbit’s edge is a distinctive feature that differentiates the skulls of cats. Abstract A variety of skull shapes are frequently used for discrimination between animal species, breeds, and sexes. In this study, skulls of three different breeds of cats were examined by the geometric morphometric method, with the aim of revealing skull shape differences. For this purpose, 27 cats (6 British Shorthair, 7 Scottish Fold, and 14 Van cats) were used. The skulls of cats were modeled by computed tomography. Geometric morphometrics was applied using dorsal (8 landmarks, 63 semilandmarks) and lateral (8 landmarks, 63 semilandmarks) skull projections on these models. Centroid size differences between the breeds were statistically insignificant. However, the differences in shape were statistically significant for both the dorsal view and lateral view. Shape variation was less in the British Shorthair than in other breeds. Shape differences generally occurred around the orbit. In the skull of Scottish Folds, the orbit was situated more caudally than in other breeds. The British Shorthair had the largest orbital ring. In dorsal view, the Scottish Fold had the largest orbital diameter. The orbital ring of Van cats was smallest in both dorsal and lateral views. In the canonical variate analysis, it was seen that the breeds were separated from each other. The shape difference in the skull between different cat breeds could be revealed by geometric morphometrics. The results of this study provide useful information for taxonomy.