Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metabolic health, the metabolome and reproduction in female cattle: a review

Abstract Studies over the past 30 years have confirmed the important role of metabolic hormones and metabolic substrates in reproductive function in female cattle. The emergence of metabolomics is providing a deeper understanding of the role of specific metabolites, and clusters of metabolites, in reproduction and also health and disease. Dairy cows undergo major fluctuations in metabolic health and metabolomics is helping to better understand the changes in metabolite profiles associated with negative energy balance and ketosis. New knowledge that emerges from this work should lead to improved nutritional management of dairy cows. In reproduction, it is now possible to gain a metabolomic signature of ovarian follicular fluid and of developing embryos. This should likewise lead to improvements in both natural and assisted reproduction in cattle. Systems biology integrates genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, and contributes to gaining an understanding of complex biological networks. Highlights Metabolic hormones and metabolic substrates have a major influence on reproduction in female cattle. Negative energy balance and ketosis are associated with changes in the systemic and liver metabolome in dairy cows. The metabolome of ovarian follicular fluid influences oocyte quality and embryo development. Systems biology integrates genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, and provides a deeper understanding of complex biological networks.
Longitudinal Effects of Iron Deficiency Anemia and Subsequent Repletion on Blood Parameters and the Rate and Composition of Growth in Pigs

Iron deficiency is reported as the most common nutrient deficiency worldwide. Due to rapid growth, infants are at particular risk for developing iron deficiency, which can easily progress to iron deficiency anemia (IDA), if not treated. The aim of this study was to determine the lasting effects of an early-life iron deficiency after a period of dietary iron repletion. Forty-two intact male pigs were fed, ad libitum, either control (CONT, 21.3 mg Fe/L) or iron-deficient (ID 2.72 mg Fe/L) milk replacer from postnatal day (PND) 2 to 32 (phase 1). From PND 33 to 61 (phase 2), all pigs were transitioned onto a series of industry-standard, iron-adequate diets. Blood was collected weekly from PND 7 to 28, and again on PND 35 and 56, and tissues were collected at either PND 32 or PND 61. At the end of phase 1, ID pigs exhibited reduced hematocrit (Hct; p < 0.0001) and hemoglobin (Hb; p < 0.0001) compared with CONT pigs, but neither Hct (p = 0.5968) nor Hb (p = 0.6291) differed between treatment groups after dietary iron repletion at the end of phase 2. Body weight gain was reduced (p < 0.0001) 58% at PND 32 in ID pigs compared with CONT pigs during phase 1, and this effect remained significant at the end of phase 2 (p = 0.0001), with ID pigs weighing 34% less than CONT pigs at PND 61. Analysis of peripheral protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) gene expression biomarkers yielded inconclusive results, as would be expected based on previous biomarker analyses across multiple species. These findings suggest that early-life iron status negatively influences blood parameters and growth performance, with dietary iron repletion allowing for full recovery of hematological outcomes, but not growth performance.
The Effects of Initial Boron Concentration on Energy Consumption in Boron Removal

In this study, it was investigated initial boron concentration affecting energy consumption in boron removal from boron containing wastewaters prepared synthetically, via electrocoagulation method. Initial boron concentration of solution was selected as experimental parameter affecting energy consumption. The other parameters such as solution pH, current density and temperature of solution were kept constant during reaction time. Experiments were carried out with different initial boron concentrations ranging from 100, 250, 500 and 1000mg/L. Increasing initial boron concentration caused to increase specific conductivity of solution. Specific conductivity of solution was a important parameter on energy consumption of electrocoagulation system. The higher specific conductivity of solution caused to the lower energy consumption values. While energy consumption value was 49,87 kW-h/m for 100 mg/L initial boron concentration, this value was decreased to 14, 3 kW-h/m for 1000 mg/L initial boron concentration under 3.0 mA/cm of current density, pH 8.0, 293 K of solution temperature and 150 rpm of stirring speed.
Qualité de service et ordonnancement dans les systèmes de communication temps réel

Nous nous interessons ici aux systemes de communication temps reel a architectures reduites, c'est-a-dire sans couches reseau et transport. La plupart de ces systemes sont concus pour satisfaire certains besoins temporels des utilisateurs, essentiellement sur les echanges periodiques et parfois pour les echanges sporadiques. La satisfaction des besoins est en general assuree par une configuration statique ou hors ligne de l'ordonnancement des messages. Notre these propose une solution dynamique a la place des solutions statiques. Cette solution s'inspire de l? architecture de Qualite de Service definie dans les grands reseaux et des techniques de services Integres de l'Internet qui sont generalement utilises au niveau de la couche reseau. Nous proposons donc un protocole de reservation dynamique de ressources qui peut etre implante sur n'importe quel protocole MAC de type centralise pour n'importe quelle topologie. Ce protocole peut accepter par ailleurs differents algorithmes d'ordonnancement. Il a ete specifie en termes de systemes etats-transitions et a ete valide en utilisant l'outil ObjectGEODE.
Providence of the CD25+KIR+CD127−FOXP3−CD8+ T‐cell subset determines the dynamics of tumor immune surveillance

CD8+ T‐regulatory (Treg) cells are emerging as crucial components of immune system. Previous studies have reported the presence of FOXP3+CD8+ Treg cells, similar to CD4+ Tregs, in cancer patients which produce high levels of the immunosuppressive cytokines, IL10 and TGFβ. At an early stage of tumor development, we have identified a subset of FOXP3−CD8+CD25+KIR+CD127− Treg‐like cells, which are IFNγ+. However, this early‐induced CD8+CD25+CD127− T‐cell subset is certainly distinct from the IFNγ+CD8+ T‐effector cells. These CD8+CD25+CD127− T cells express other FOXP3−CD8+ Treg cell signature markers, and can selectively suppress autoreactive HLA‐E+ TFH cells as well as tumor‐induced CD4+ Treg cells. In contrast to FOXP3+CD8+ Tregs, this subset does not inhibit effector T‐cell proliferation or their functions as they are HLA‐E−. Adoptive transfer of this early‐CD8+ Treg‐like subset restrained tumor growth and inhibited CD4+ Treg generation that impedes the immune surveillance and impairs cancer immunotherapy. At the late stage of tumor development, when CD4+ Treg cells dominate the tumor‐microenvironment, CD4+ Tregs mediate the clonal deletion of these tumor‐suppressive FOXP3−IFNγ+CD8+CD25+CD127− T cells and ensure tumor immune evasion. Our findings suggest that at an early stage of the tumor, this tumor‐induced IFNγ‐producing FOXP3−CD8+CD25+CD127− T‐cell subset can potentiate immune surveillance by targeting HLA‐E‐restricted CD4+ Treg cells while leaving the effector T‐cell population unaffected. Hence, manipulating their profile can open up a new avenue in cancer immunotherapy.
Security performance analysis for cooperative communication system under Nakagami-m fading channel

In this paper, we investigate the secure transmission problem of cooperative communication systems where a potential malicious eavesdropper is existing. Based on the more general Nakagami-m fading channels, we adopt a strategy to improve the system security performance by decoding and forwarding signals at the relay as well as sending interference signals simultaneously. In this model, the outage probability and the intercept probability which represent reliability and security respectively are derived, meanwhile, the influence of the power allocation of each node on the system performance is discussed. Simulations are provided to analyze the tradeoff between reliability and security of the system, and the variation in tradeoff performance under different power allocation.
Seeing Patterns in Randomness: A Computational Model of Surprise

While seemingly a ubiquitous cognitive process, the precise definition and function of surprise remains elusive. Surprise is often conceptualized as being related to improbability or to contrasts with higher probability expectations. In contrast to this probabilistic view, we argue that surprising observations are those that undermine an existing model, implying an alternative causal origin. Surprises are not merely improbable events; instead, they indicate a breakdown in the model being used to quantify probability. We suggest that the heuristic people rely on to detect such anomalous events is randomness deficiency. Specifically, people experience surprise when they identify patterns where their model implies there should only be random noise. Using algorithmic information theory, we present a novel computational theory which formalizes this notion of surprise as randomness deficiency. We also present empirical evidence that people respond to randomness deficiency in their environment and use it to adjust their beliefs about the causal origins of events. The connection between this pattern-detection view of surprise and the literature on learning and interestingness is discussed.
Comparison of three major meta-analytic approaches.

Three major meta-analytic approaches have been developed and applied to integrate empirical research. A comparison of their statistical formulas suggested that they should yield different answers to the meta-analytic questions of central tendency, variability, and prediction by moderators. These frameworks were used to analyze systematically differing databases and showed that, although the techniques of L. V. Hedges and I. Olkin (1985) and of R. Rosenthal and D. Rubin (e.g., 1978, 1988; Rosenthal, 1991) tended to produce reasonable and convergent results, the results of J. E. Hunter, F. L. Schmidt, and G. B. Jackson (1982; Hunter & Schmidt, 1990) often diverged from the other 2 frameworks. For example, consistent with the law of large numbers, finding more studies with the same result is less likely to occur because of chance alone; the Hedges and Olkin and the Rosenthal and Rubin approaches confirmed this prediction, but the Hunter et al. approach did not. The distinct tendency of the Hunter et al. framework to produce results that violate conventional expectations suggests that it should be used with caution
Computing voxelised representations of macromolecular surfaces

Voxel-based representations of surfaces have received a lot of interest in bioinformatics and computational biology as a simple and effective way of representing geometrical and physicochemical properties of proteins and other biomolecules. Processing such surfaces for large molecules can be challenging, as space-demanding data structures with associated high computational costs are required. In this paper, we present a methodology for the fast computation of voxelised macromolecular surface representations (namely the van der Waals, solvent-accessible and solvent-excluded surfaces). The proposed method implements a spatial slicing procedure on top of compact data structures to efficiently calculate the three molecular surface representations at high-resolutions, in parallel. The spatial slicing protocol ensures a balanced workload distribution and allows the computation of the solvent-excluded surface with minimal synchronisation and communication between processes. This is achieved by adapting a multi-step region-growing EDT algorithm. At each step, distance values are first calculated independently for every slice, then, a small portion of the borders’ information is exchanged between adjacent slices. Very little process communication is also required in the pocket detection procedure, where the algorithm distinguishes surface portions belonging to solvent-accessible pockets from cavities buried inside the molecule. Experimental results are presented to validate the proposed approach.
Implementation of MLMS base Information Security in Combination with HLSB Data Hiding Method

To assert the secrecy and confidentiality of pictures or image could be a vivacious space of analysis, with totally different approaches being followed, the primary being encrypting the pictures through multi share multi level algorithms mistreatment keys, the opposite approach involves activity information mistreatment higher lsb data activity algorithmic rule to keep up the pictures secrecy. A data content owner encrypts the important image by mistreatment totally different share, and a hide knowledge will add further knowledge into the encrypted image mistreatment higher lsb data-hiding technique although he doesn\'t understand the initial and real data. With an encrypted image containing further knowledge, a receiver could initial rewrite it consistent with the cryptography key, and so extract the embedded knowledge and recover the initial image consistent with the data-hiding key. Keyword: Cover image, data hiding, data extraction, Image encryption, Image decryption and Data recovery.
Recent progress toward high performance above the Greenwald density limit in impurity seeded discharges in limiter and divertor tokamaks

An overview is given of recent advances toward the realization of high density, high confinement plasmas with radiating mantles in limiter and divertor tokamaks worldwide. Radiatively improved mode discharges on the Torus Experiment for Technology Oriented Research 94 (TEXTOR-94) [Proceedings of the 16th IEEE Symposium on Fusion Engineering, 1995 (Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Piscataway, NJ, 1995), p. 470] have recently been obtained at trans-Greenwald densities (up to n/nGW=1.4) with high confinement mode free of edge localized modes (ELM-free H-mode) confinement quality. Experiments in DIII-D [J. Luxon et al., Proceedings of the 11th IAEA Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research (International Atomic Energy Association, Vienna, 1987), Vol. 1, p. 159] divertor plasmas with a low confinement mode edge have confirmed the dramatic changes in confinement observed with impurity seeding on TEXTOR-94. Recent experiment with impurity seeding on the Joint Europea.
Maximizing System Capacity Using Adaptive Coding and Modulation Techniques for Slowly Fading Channels

In this paper, an adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) technique is introduced in an attempt to maximize the channel throughout. This technique suggests five different pairs of coding and modulation techniques, starting from low modulation orders and code rates going through higher values. Simulation over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) of the physical layer of the system is performed using M-phase shift keying (M-PSK) modulation and convolutional codes with soft Viterbi decoding algorithm. In addition, the channel throughput for each Modulation and coding pair is obtained using specific packet retransmission mechanism. An algorithm for adaptive coding and modulation is developed and the overall throughout of the adaptive system is determined with respect to the received Eb/No values.
Force control of a tendon driven joint actuated by dielectric elastomers

Dielectric elastomers are a subclass of electronic electroactive polymers, often referred to as polymeric artificial muscles due to their ability to produce large deformations when stimulated by an externally applied electric field. Similarly to biological muscles, dielectric elastomers are able to actively modulate their intrinsic compliance, making the use of this technology extremely interesting in applications were the system must adapt to unknown environments and safely interact with it. In this paper, we discuss the peculiar characteristics of a single joint system actuated by two antagonistic elastomer actuators. A closed loop scheme, able to control the position and the stiffness of the joint by modulating the force developed by the two artificial muscles, is presented.
Estado de arte de los repositorios de materiales educativos en Latinoamérica

Resumen La creciente producción de materiales educativos en formato digital ha promovido la aparición, en estos últimos años, de repositorios que concentran valiosos recursos para docentes, estudiantes e instituciones educativas en general. Se intenta conocer el estado actual, en Latinoamérica, de los repositorios de materiales educativos en formato digital. Se caracterizan los materiales educativos que se alojan en estas bibliotecas digitales, se definen conceptos básicos asociados con la temática (como los metadatos y estándares) y se buscan respuestas a preguntas tales como: ¿Qué repositorios contienen materiales con las características buscadas? ¿Qué tipo de materiales se encuentran allí? ¿Cuál es el software utilizado para generar esos repositorios? Se proveen algunas conclusiones generadas en este estudio preliminar.
A Dynamic Oracle for Linear-Time 2-Planar Dependency Parsing

We propose an efficient dynamic oracle for training the 2-Planar transition-based parser, a linear-time parser with over 99% coverage on non-projective syntactic corpora. This novel approach outperforms the static training strategy in the vast majority of languages tested and scored better on most datasets than the arc-hybrid parser enhanced with the Swap transition, which can handle unrestricted non-projectivity.
Variety in International New Ventures–Typological Analysis and Beyond

SUMMARY Different from the earlier research with its tendency towards a rather homogenous view on International New Ventures (INVs), the contribution of this study is the identification and understanding of the possible variety among INVs. The study aims at exploring the following: (1) Are INVs different from one another in terms of their international development? and (2) If they are, how and why are the differences manifested in these firms? The pioneering INV-framework by Oviatt and McDougall (1994) is applied, accompanied by a long-term perspective on their development and inclusion of several factors as possible agents of the differences. Based on the analysis of eight INVs, the results highlight the importance of the founding conditions, the internationalization motives and the international experience of the founding managers on the INV's development in the early phase. Both initial and subsequent development of the INVs varied with regard to geographical breadth and type of operations abroad, and .
Vitamin D in adult health and disease: a review and guideline statement from Osteoporosis Canada

1 identified adequate vitamin D status, in addition to calcium from diet or supplements, as essential for the prevention of osteo- porosis. Recent large clinical trials and meta-analyses have expanded our knowledge of the role of vitamin D in fractures, falls and other health outcomes, as well as its effect on disor- ders such as diabetes mellitus, autoimmune and infectious diseases, malignancies and cardiovascular disease. Current Canadian recommendations for "adequate intake" and "tolerable upper level" of vitamin D, which are more than 10 years old, were derived mainly from early nutritional sci- ence estimates of the minimal intake necessary to prevent florid deficiency states (rickets or osteomalacia). However, these levels have never been supported by adequately con- ducted dose-finding studies. 2
Existence of multiple periodic solutions to a semilinear wave equation with x-dependent coefficients

Abstract This paper is concerned with the periodic (in time) solutions to an one-dimensional semilinear wave equation with x-dependent coefficients. Such a model arises from the forced vibrations of a nonhomogeneous string and propagation of seismic waves in nonisotropic media. By combining variational methods with saddle point reduction technique, we obtain the existence of at least three periodic solutions whenever the period is a rational multiple of the length of the spatial interval. Our method is based on a delicate analysis for the asymptotic character of the spectrum of the wave operator with x-dependent coefficients, and the spectral properties play an essential role in the proof.
Sind Wechselkursfluktuationen zufällig oder chaotisch

Die meisten Ansätze zur Erklärung der Fluktuationen von makroökonomischen Aggregaten und Finanzmarktpreisen basieren letztlich auf exogenen Anstössen. Dies gilt sowohl für die älteren, traditionellen Modelle der Makroökonomie als auch für die moderneren Ansätze. Bei den erstgenannten werden Fluktuationen durch exogene Veränderungen von monetären Grössen und Fiskalvariablen hervorgerufen. Bei den moderneren Modellen des Lucasoder real-business-cycle-iyps sind es unerwartete exogene Veränderungen bzw. Shocks im Geldangebot, Technologie oder den Präferenzen, die zu zufälligen Fluktuationen von Produktion, Beschäftigung und Preisen für Gilter und Finanzaktiva führen. Diese Modelle unterscheiden sich bekanntlich staile in der Darstellung des Zusammenhanges der relevanten Variablen und in ihren wirtschaftspolitischen Implikationen. Sie benötigen aber alle exogene Anstösse, um Fluktuationen zu erklären. Im Verlauf der achtziger Jahre wurde in der Volkswirtschaftslehre eine alternative Klasse von endogenen Erklärungsansätzen für wirtschaftliche Fluktuationen konstruiert. In diesen deterministischen Modellen ergeben sich Fluktuationen über nichtlineare dynamische Zusammenhänge, die zu sogenannten chaotischen Zeitpfaden der Variablen führen können. Derartige Fluktuationen sehen unregelmässig oder zufällig aus, obwohl sie exakt durch die Anfangswerte und die funktionale Form des dynamischen Systems bestimmt sind. Dieser Umstand führt dazu, dass diese deterministischen Modelle mit der üblicherweise in der Ökonometrie verwendeten linearen Korrelationsund Regressionsmethodologie nicht von den traditionellen Modellen mit zufälligen exogenen Anstössen unterschieden werden können. In den letzten Jahren wurden jedoch einige Verfahren zur Überprüfung von nichtlinearen dynamischen Zusammenhängen entwickelt (Hinich, 1982; Brock, 1986; BrockIDechertlScheinkman, 1987). Mit diesen Methoden kann im Prinzip untersucht werden, ob in einer Zeitreihe nichtlineare Abhängigkeiten vorliegen und ob sie durch ein nichtlineares stochasüsches Modell oder durch einen chaotischen Prozess generiert werden. Die bis jetzt publizierten Anwendungen dies«* Verfahren auf Makround Finanzmarktdaten der USA [BrockISayers, 1988; Ashley/Patterson, 1989; Hsieh, 1989; ScheinkmanlLeBaron, 1989) geben klare Hinweise darauf, dass nichtlineare Abhängigkeiten vorhanden sind. Allerdings ist es unklar, ob die untersuchten Zeitreihen nichtlinear stochastisch oder chaotisch sind.
Boundary detection of kidney ultrasound image based on vector graphic approach

This paper presents a new approach for boundary detection of kidney from three-dimensional ultrasound images. The technique proposed here is based on vector graphic image formation. Before converting the ultrasound image into vector graphic image, the region of interest (ROI) of the kidney for each slice was generated automatically. Some images also needed to be rotated to zero degree depending on the position of the kidney in the images. After the vector graphic formation, the boundary points of the kidney were identified. The error points were removed and the interpolation was then performed for contouring the kidney from its background. Experiments had been carried out step by step for validation purposes. Test result based on 30 kidney ultrasound image slices showed that the developed algorithms were able to detect 86.67% true ROIs. When compared to manual contouring, the sensitivity of this boundary detection technique was in between 94.95% to 97.75% and the specificity was in between 99.26% to 99.92%. Based on the results, it can be concluded that this new semi-automatic technique is reliable to be used for contouring the kidney from three-dimensional ultrasound images.