Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corneal Topography Reconstruction Algorithm that Avoids the Skew Ray Ambiguity and the Skew Ray Error

Background. Because corneal shape is typically measured with Placido ring targets, there is an ambiguity in determining which point on the ring corresponds to which point on the image. This ambiguity is expected to lead to errors (which we call the skew ray error) in reconstructing the corneal shape from Placido ring videokeratoscope (VKS) images. Methods. A coordinate system based on cylindrical coordinates is developed for handling the case when the corneal normal does not lie in the meridional plane. A simple solution is found for the forward problem of locating the Placido ring object given the VKS image and the corneal slope. Results. Algorithms for solving two inverse problems are developed: (1) the inverse problem of determining the Placido image given the Placido ring object and the corneal shape, and (2) the inverse problem of reconstructing the corneal shape based on knowledge of the Placido ring object and image. The algorithm compensates for the skew ray error and does not assume the cornea to be small. Both inverse algorithms are applied to a corneal shape with eight-fold corrugations similar to what might occur in radial keratotomy (RK). The reconstruction algorithm assumes sufficient smoothness for an arc-step algorithm to be possible. We find that the reconstruction algorithm does an excellent job of obtaining the correct corneal shape without the skew ray error. Conclusions. The concrete reconstruction algorithm demonstrates that one can recover the correct corneal shape just from the reflection of the Placido rings. A dart board pattern is not necessary for removing the skew ray ambiguity, as long as the cornea has sufficient smoothness in the radial direction, an assumption common to all reconstruction algorithms.
The translator as a creative being with special regard to the translation of literature and LSP

AbstractThe translation process is studied from the translator's point of view. The translator is considered as an individual, i.e. as a creative being, and the process proper is thus seen as a typically human one.Translation strategies have been described in various ways within the framework of translation studies (TS). Transfer as such has very often been studied by linguistic analysis, but this is not sufficient to characterize the process itself. Other kinds of information are needed, which we can best obtain by interviewing translators. The interview method has not been widely used in TS, but it can provide very useful material on the creative nature of the translation process.Aesthetic and emotional values are of great importance in literary translation, but it is very difficult to measure them. Translators chiefly engaged with language written for special purposes (LSP) can be interviewed in a more objective way.Every translator has his principles of translating, and these can display very great variation, due to the creativity of the translator, but there are also phenomena that are common to all translating and all language transfer. There are thus individual and inter-individual differences, but also similarities. It is these differences and similarities that are described here.ResumeLe processus de la traduction est etudie du point de vue du traducteur considere comme une entite individuelle, c'est-a-dire comme un etre creatif, et par consequent, le processus de traduction est considere comme etant une activite typiquement humaine.Dans le cadre des etudes consacrees a la traduction (ET), les strategies de la traduction ont ete decrites de plusieurs manieres differentes. En tant que strategie, le transfert a souvent ete etudie par le biais de l'analyse linguistique, mais en soi, cette approche est insuffisante pour caracteriser le processus de traduction. Les ET n'ont pas souvent eu recours a la metode d'interview qui s'avere pourtant tres utile pour faire apparaitre l'aspect creatif du processus de traduction.Dans la traduction litteraire, les valeurs esthetiques et sentimentales sont tres importantes mais il n'en demeure pas moins qu'elles sont aussi tres difficiles a mesurer. Les traducteurs qui traduisent essentiellement des textes rediges dans un but specifique (TBS) peuvent etre interviewes d'une maniere plus objective.Chaque traducteur applique ses propres principes de traduction qui peuvent grandement varier selon la creativite du traducteur, mais il y a cependant des phenomenes communs a toutes les traductions et a tous les tranferts linguistiques. On peut donc affirmer qu'il y a des differences individuelles et inter-individuelles mais aussi des similitudes. Ce sont precisement ces differences et similitudes que l'auteur souhaite decrire dans le present article.
Integrative and Translational Physiology : Inflammation and Immunity in Organ System Physiology Blood pressure and renal hemodynamic responses to acute angiotensin II infusion are enhanced in a female mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus

Marcia Venegas-Pont, Keisa W. Mathis, Radu Iliescu, William H. Ray, Porter H. Glover, and Michael J. Ryan Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and Department of Physiology, “Gr. T. Popa” Biomedical Research Center, “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
A Historical Investigation into Persian Modal Auxiliaries

Modal verbs are typically used in expressing conditional situations and events. This research aims at investigating into the history of modal verbs in Persian from Old to Modern period. Based on the written data related to Old Persian, this language lacks any modal verb. In this period of Persian, conditional events and situations are expressed by other means, including certain verb moods and adverbs. In uncertain periods of Middle Persian four main verbs related to Old Persian had been implemented in new capacities, known as modal verbs, to express modalized events and situations. In Modern Persian, only two of the four Middle Persian modal verbs, namely, tavǎnestan and bǎyestan, plus a new modal verb called sodan are used in expressing different kinds and degrees of modality. However, it was revealed that the range of meanings expressed by Modern Persian modals is not as diverse as those used in Middle Persian.
ITRI-96-04 Learning Micro-Planning Rules for Preventative Expressions

Building text planning resources by hand is time-consuming and difficult. Certainly, a number of planning architectures and their accompanying plan libraries have been implemented, but while the architectures themselves may be reused in a new domain, the library of plans typically cannot. One way to address this problem is to use machine learning techniques to automate the derivation of planning resources for new domains. In this paper, we apply this technique to build micro-planning rules for preventative expressions in instructional text. Also published in Proc. International Workshop on Natural Language Generation, Herstmonceux, England, June 1996. Pp 11–20. This work is supported by EPSRC grant J19221, BC/DAAD ARC Project 293 and EU grant LRE-62009 * Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA. email: dieugeni@andrew.cmu. edu Information Technology Research Institute Technical Report Series ITRI, Univ. of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4AT, UK TEL: +44 1273 642900 EMAIL: firstname.lastname@itri.brighton.ac.uk FAX: +44 1273 642908 NET: http://www.itri.brighton.ac.uk
Experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in human parvovirus B19 transgenic mice

Viral infection is implicated as a cause of autoimmune diseases. Whereas its role in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) remains undefined, recent studies suggested a link between human parvovirus B19 (B19) infection and HT. We tested such possibility by using B19 nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) transgenic C57BL/6 mice, which harbor nonpermissive genetic background (H-2b). Mice were immunized with either thyroglobulin (Tg) or saline. No thyroiditis developed in saline-treated mice and Tg-immunized males regardless of the presence or absence of NS1. In contrast, thyroiditis was induced by Tg immunization in 25% of transgenic females, but not in wild-type females. However, the thyroiditis incidence in the former did not differ significantly from that of the latter. In addition, intrathyroidal T-cell receptor gene expression was not augmented in Tg-immunized transgenic females. Immunization with Tg led to a comparable increase in serum anti-Tg antibody levels in the wild-type and transgenic mice. Our results indicate that the introduction of B19 NS1 gene into C57BL/6 mice is insufficient to promote the development of autoimmune thyroiditis. Further studies are required, however, before concluding that B19 infection is not involved in HT induction.
Mutation of Arabidopsis SPLICEOSOMAL TIMEKEEPER LOCUS1 Causes Circadian Clock Defects[W]

Arabidopsis encodes two STIP proteins (SPLICEOSOMAL TIMEKEEPER LOCUS 1/STIPL1 and STIP-LIKE 2/STIPL2) that share homology with human and yeast spliceosomal proteins. One or the other STIPL genes is required for seedling viability. stipl1 mutants have a long period circadian defect and accumulate alternately spliced transcript isoforms, whereas stipl2 plants do not have a circadian defect. The circadian clock plays a crucial role in coordinating plant metabolic and physiological functions with predictable environmental variables, such as dusk and dawn, while also modulating responses to biotic and abiotic challenges. Much of the initial characterization of the circadian system has focused on transcriptional initiation, but it is now apparent that considerable regulation is exerted after this key regulatory step. Transcript processing, protein stability, and cofactor availability have all been reported to influence circadian rhythms in a variety of species. We used a genetic screen to identify a mutation within a putative RNA binding protein (SPLICEOSOMAL TIMEKEEPER LOCUS1 [STIPL1]) that induces a long circadian period phenotype under constant conditions. STIPL1 is a homolog of the spliceosomal proteins TFP11 (Homo sapiens) and Ntr1p (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) involved in spliceosome disassembly. Analysis of general and alternative splicing using a high-resolution RT-PCR system revealed that mutation of this protein causes less efficient splicing of most but not all of the introns analyzed. In particular, the altered accumulation of circadian-associated transcripts may contribute to the observed mutant phenotype. Interestingly, mutation of a close homolog of STIPL1, STIP-LIKE2, does not cause a circadian phenotype, which suggests divergence in function between these family members. Our work highlights the importance of posttranscriptional control within the clock mechanism.
Fair Multiple-bank E-cash in the Standard Model

Multiple-bank e-cash (electronic cash) model allows users and merchants to open their accounts at dierent banks which are monitored by the Center Bank. Some multiple-bank e-cash systems were proposed in recent years. However, prior implementations of multiple-bank e-cash all require the random oracle model idealization in their security analysis. We know some schemes are secure in the random oracle model, but are trivially insecure under any instantiation of the oracle. In this paper, based on the automorphic blind signature, the Groth-Sahai proof system and a new group blind signature, we construct a fair multiple-bank e-cash scheme. The new scheme is proved secure in the standard model and provides the following functionalities, such as owner tracing, coin tracing, identication of the double spender and signer tracing. In order to sign two messages at once, we extend Ghada's group blind signature to a new group blind signature. The new signature scheme may be of independent interest.
Direct and Indirect Testing of Memory in Children with Learning Disabilities

This study examined the relation between performance on direct and indirect measures of memory for pictures and words in children with learning disabilities. Recognition memory provided the direct measure and the magnitude of naming facilitation provided the indirect measure. Fourth grade learning disabled and nonlearning disabled children were asked to study a mixed list of pictures and words. A naming/recognition task was administered immediately following the study phase, as well as the following day. In addition, source memory was measured immediately following each recognition decision. For each item recognized as "old", subjects were required to render a decision about the source of that particular memory: "Did you hear the name of the picture? ” or "Did you see the picture? " The results of this study found that learning disabled children were deficient on the recognition memory test, but produced greater repetition priming than nonlearning disabled children. Second, recognition memory declined over 24 hours, whereas repetition priming remained stable. Third, a within-subjects analysis indicated repetition priming was independent of recognition accuracy. Fourth, modality of presentation produced parallel effects on repetition priming and recognition memory. Fifth, source memory of learning disabled and nonlearning disabled children did not differ. Review of Literature Direct and Indirect Tests of Memory Memory may be tested either directly or indirectly (Richardson-Klavehn & Bjork, 1988). Direct tests of memory require conscious recollection of a prior episode in a subject's history. Theorists have referred to direct tests using terms such as "autobiographical" (Jacoby & Dallas, 1981), "episodic" (Tulving, 1983), and "explicit" (Schacter, 1987). Direct memory tests include such traditional measures as free recall, cued recall, and recognition. An example of a recognition task would be when a subject is required to discriminate items that were presented during a prior episode from items that were not presented. Recall tasks require a subject to generate items previously presented. Both recognition and recall tasks explicitly measure a subject's conscious memory of a prior episode. Indirect tests are another set of tasks which measure changes in performance as a function of prior experience. Unlike direct tests of memory, indirect tests do not require conscious recollection of an event and do not make any explicit reference to a prior learning episode. Memory for prior events is measured indirectly through a process known as priming. Repetition priming occurs when prior experience with an item or event facilitates the subsequent processing of that item (Schacter, 1987). Indirect tests
Non-Regenerative Multi-Way Relaying: Ordered MMSE-SIC Receivers Exploiting Temporal Diversity

We consider the multi-way relaying (MWR) network, where each user communicate with the other users through a relay. The single-antenna users transmit to the multi-antenna relay simultaneously. Then the relay randomly precodes the received or estimated signal, and broadcasts it back to all the users. Focusing on a specific user, we set up the equivalent space-time channel from the other users to it. Afterwards, for both amplify-and-forward and estimate-and-forward MWR, we design the ordered minimum mean square error (MMSE) receivers with successive interference cancellation (SIC) at users. In particular, three types of metrics determining the order of SIC are derived by approximating the interference-plus-noise term as Gaussian. Simulation results on error performance evidence that our proposed receivers are able to harvest the inherent temporal diversity gains within the MWR networks. Moreover, the proposed receivers perform even well in the overloaded scenarios.
PSD—a portable scheme debugger

Psd is a portable debugger for the Scheme language. Debugging with Psd is accomplished by instrumenting the original source program. When the instrumented program is run, it presents the user with an interactive interface that lets him or her examine and change values of variables, set breakpoints, and single step evaluation. Psd is designed to be run within GNU Emacs, which is used for displaying the current source code position.
Working Twice as Hard to Get Half as Far: Race, Work Ethic, and America’s Deserving Poor

Attitudes toward racialized and redistributive policies like welfare are often thought of as a function of both principled ideological positions and the underlying racial attitudes a person holds. Kinder and Sanders (1996) look at racial resentment as one explanation, while Sniderman and his colleagues look to principled conservatism and authoritarianism as viable alternatives, claiming that racial resentment is merely proxying a legitimate race‐neutral commitment to equality of opportunity. This article engages this debate through an experimental design which tests whether “hard work” is rewarded in a color‐blind manner. The experimental design also affords scholars the opportunity to separate the effects of the two components of racial resentment: principled values and racial animus. The results show that American norms and implicit racism serve to uniquely privilege whites in a variety of ways.
Nonverbal Communication during the Employment Interview

those areas of nonverbal communication which relate directly to success or failure during the employment interview. McGovern and Ideus studied the following specific nonverbal interview behaviors: length of eye-contact; voice modulation and vocal expression of effort; speech disturbance; and energy level expressed by hands, body movement, and facial expression (smiles). ’ The conclusions reached in this study were that nonverbal behavior specifically affects the interview and that what is said during the interview is given less weight sometimes than what is not said. A good interviewer’s candidate was a person who maintained steady eye contact, whose voice modulated and varied appropriately, who demonstrated a high energy level by hand gestures, smiles, and general body movement, and who responded to questions easily. On the other hand, the bad candidate maintained infrequent eye contact, spoke in a monotone
POWER-SPEED: A Power-Controlled Real-Time Data Transport Protocol for Wireless Sensor-Actuator Networks

This paper investigates the data transport problem for reporting delay-sensitive events in wireless sensor-actuator networks (WSANs). We specifically tailor the protocol design according to the features of WSANs and propose POWER-SPEED, a real-time data transport protocol for WSANs to achieve energy-efficient data transport for delay-sensitive event reporting. In POWER-SPEED, sensor nodes select the next-hop neighbor to actuators according to the spatio-temporal historic data of the upstream QoS condition, which completely avoids control packets. With an adaptive transmitter power control scheme, POWER-SPEED conveys packets in an energy-efficient manner while maintaining soft real-time packet transport. It thus reduces the energy consumption of data transport while ensuring the QoS requirement in timeliness domain. We demonstrate the effectiveness of POWER-SPEED through simulations with NS2.
A formação discursiva agroecológica do MST:O caso do assentamento Santa Rosa - RS

Nossa pesquisa analisou a constituicao do discurso da agroecologia, junto a base social do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST). Esse estudo se justificou na medida em que a agroecologia aparece como discurso e e apontada como alternativa de viabilizacao socioambiental e economica nos assentamentos. O campo de pesquisa desse estudo foi o assentamento Santa Rosa, em Tupancireta, no RS. Foram coletados e analisados materiais discursivos, como: entrevistas semi-estruturadas, documentos e materiais de divulgacao com o tema da agroecologia. Essa investigacao focou os atores e o campo social em que foi constituido esse discurso, considerando a dimensao da pratica politica no MST e a producao do conhecimento da agroecologia. Concluimos que a agroecologia apresentou fortes caracteristicas discursivas e de deliberacao politica no MST, com isso, mobilizando outras formas de acao socioambiental e economica nos assentamentos, apesar das contradicoes inerentes a sua consolidacao.
Improving CLOPE's Profit Value and Stability with an Optimized Agglomerative Approach

CLOPE (Clustering with sLOPE) is a simple and fast histogram-based clustering algorithm for categorical data. However, given the same data set with the same input parameter, the clustering results by this algorithm would possibly be different if the transactions are input in a different sequence. In this paper, a hierarchical clustering framework is proposed as an extension of CLOPE to generate stable and satisfactory clustering results based on an optimized agglomerative merge process. The new clustering profit is defined as the merge criteria and the cluster graph structure is proposed to optimize the merge iteration process. The experiments conducted on two datasets both demonstrate that the agglomerative approach achieves stable clustering results with a better profit value, but costs much more time due to the worse complexity.
The effectiveness of auditory stimulation in children with autism spectrum disorders: A case–control study

Background/Aim: The Listening Program (TLP) is a sound-based intervention that claims to treat the behavioural challenges of children diagnosed on the autism spectrum with sensory processing difficulties. There is a paucity of peer-reviewed evidence supporting its use. The purpose of this study was to determine whether TLP reduces sensory over-responsitivity (SOR) to auditory stimuli. Methods: Data were collected over a 28-week period using an ABAB multiple events case–control design of testing and treatment intervals to capture the responses of three participants to TLP. Results: Graphs from repeated measures data were drawn to analyse the direction and level of trend lines. There was a high variability of responses, with participants responding positively and others negatively at different stages of the study. Conclusions: The results lend some support to the use of TLP with children on the autism spectrum who are experiencing auditory SOR.
Decentralisation and Difference: Indigenous Peoples and Health System Reform in the Brazilian Amazon

The implications of decentralisation for minority and marginalised groups are complex and contested. It has long been an article of faith for ‘decentralisation and participation’ advocates that bringing decision making closer to the grassroots is a prerequisite for overcoming the unresponsiveness of monolithic, top-down state service delivery systems or unaccountable, exclusionary privatised ones (Tendler 1997). Other observers, however, have drawn attention to the difficulty of ensuring that decentralisation actually contributes to the democratisation of the ‘authoritarian enclaves’ (Fox 1994), where minority groups – and particularly indigenous peoples – tend to be concentrated. They have also noted that in general the process will tend to leave more power in the hands of local élites who are often implicated in maintaining and exploiting these groups’ political and economic marginalisation (Manor 1999).
A Symplecticity-preserving Gas-kinetic Scheme for Gas Dynamic Equations under External Forcing Field

In this paper, based on the BGK equation, Liouville's theorem, and symplecticity preserving property of a Hamiltonian flow, a well-balanced kinetic scheme for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations under external forcing field is developed. In order to construct such a scheme, the physical process of particles transport through a potential barrier at a cell interface will be modeled with penetration and reflection according to incident particle velocity, and the symplectic property of phase space volume. For the simulation of a gravitational gas system, the current scheme has both a well-balanced property for keeping hydrostatic solution and the shock capturing capability for unsteady flow. In this paper, we will present a symplecticity preserving BGK scheme with the inclusion of particle collision in the gas evolution stage.