Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Longitudinal Study of Human Antibody Responses toPlasmodium falciparum Rhoptry-Associated Protein 1 in a Region of Seasonal and Unstable Malaria Transmission

ABSTRACT Rhoptry-associated protein 1 (RAP1) of Plasmodium falciparum is a nonpolymorphic merozoite antigen that is considered a potential candidate for a malaria vaccine against asexual blood stages. In this longitudinal study, recombinant RAP1 (rRAP1) proteins with antigenicity similar to that of P. falciparum-derived RAP1 were used to analyze antibody responses to RAP1 over a period of 4 years (1991 to 1995) of 53 individuals naturally exposed to P. falciparum malaria. In any 1 year during the study, between 23 and 39% of individuals who had malaria developed immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies detectable with at least one rRAP1 protein. However, the anti-RAP1 antibody responses were detected only during or shortly after clinical malarial infections. RAP1 antibody levels declined rapidly (within 1 to 2 months) following drug treatment of the infections. No anti-RAP1 antibodies were usually detected a few months after the end of malaria transmission, during the dry season, or by the start of the next malaria season. Thus, RAP1 IgG responses were very short-lived. The short duration of RAP1 antibody response may explain the apparent lack of response in a surprisingly high proportion of individuals after clinical malarial infections. For some individuals who experienced more than one malarial infection, a higher anti-RAP1 antibody response to subsequent infections than to earlier infections was observed. This suggested secondary responses to RAP1 and thus the development of immunological memory for RAP1.
Mining Association rules with Dynamic and Collective Support Thresholds C

— Mining association rules is an important task in data mining. It discovers the hidden, interesting relationships (associations) between items in the database based on the user-specified support and confidence thresholds. In order to find relevant associations one has to specify an appropriate support threshold. The support threshold plays an important role in deciding the number of appropriate rules found. The rare associations will not appear if a high threshold is set. Some uninteresting associations may appear if a low threshold is set. This paper proposes an approach to obtain the appropriate support thresholds at each level of the level-wise mining approach. It sets the support threshold by analyzing the frequency of items and their associations in the database at each level. Experimental results show that this approach produces the interesting rules without specifying the user specified support threshold.
Improving Text Classification by Using Conceptual and Contextual Features

The exponential growth of text available on the Internet has created a critical need for accurate, fast, and generalpurpose text classification algorithms. This paper examines the improvement of broadly based text classification by using features that are easily extracted from training documents. These features represent both the conceptual and contextual properties of a target class, and include synonyms, hypernyms, term frequency, and bigrams of nouns, synonyms and hypernyms. Multiple permutations of the features are applied to three different classification models (Coordinate matching, TF*IDF, and naive Bayes) over three diverse data sets (Reuters, USENET, and folk songs). The findings are also compared to previously published results for the rule-based learner Ripper and results obtained by using another naive Bayes classifier, Rainbow. Suggestions are made about how to automatically determine which features to use, based upon the data set in question. The results demonstrate that the introduction of both conceptual and contextual features decreases the error by as much as 33%.
Price Dependent Preferences

Preferences for goods may depend on prices because people judge quality by price or because a higher price enhances the "snob appeal" of a good. 1 Under some circumstances, judging the quality of a product by its price is a rational strategy for an uncertain consumer; presumably, it will be most satisfactory when other consumers are "experts," so that their correct assessments of quality are reflected in the market demand curves facing firms and when our uncertain buyer's tastes (although not his knowledge) coincide with those of the experts. In this paper I suggest a mechanism for incorporating price dependent preferences into demand analysis. The basic trick is to distinguish between "market prices" -the prices which enter the budget constraint-and "normal prices" -the prices which influence preferences. In the final section I discuss briefly the problem of welfare evaluation when preferences depend on prices, but the focus of this paper is on the implications of price dependent preferences for individual demand behavior. When market prices and normal prices are treated as distinct and independent variables, the resulting model is extremely tractable. I introduce the "market price demand functions" in Section I. They show demand as a function of market prices, total expenditure, and normal prices. Viewed as functions of market prices and total expenditure, these demand functions exhibit all the properties of traditional demand theory. To complete the normal price model of price dependent preferences it is necessary to specify both the way preferences depend on normal prices and the process by which normal prices are determined. The "normal price function" specifies normal prices as a function of current and past prices. Our casual understanding of both judging quality by price and snob appeal suggests that the price variables which influence tastes are not simply current prices, but some more complex construct related to past as well as current prices. The normal price specification is compatible with this insight, although it is also compatible with the two polar specifications in which normal prices depend exclusively on past prices or exclusively on current prices. The easiest case is the one in which normal prices depend on past prices but not on current prices; in this case the market price demand functions are also short-run demand functions. The other polar case corresponds to the usual "simultaneous specification" of price dependent preferences in which tastes depend on current prices but not on past prices; in this case, the distinction between normal and market prices is only an analytical one, but even here the use of normal prices allows us to distinguish the role of prices as determinants of preferences from their role as determinants of the constraint.
An empirical fingerprint framework to detect Rogue Access Points

The aim of this paper is to detect Rogue Access Points (RAPs) that clone some of the characteristics of nearby legitimate Access Points (APs). A new passive approach that takes advantage of the first frame that the RAP sends (i.e, Beacon Frame (BF)) when it is planted in the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is proposed. We apply the proposed fingerprint to detect RAPs to evaluate the fingerprint effectiveness. The proposed framework examines every beacon frame size, and compares it with a threshold value. The technique is implemented on a commercially available Wireless Network Interface Controller (WNIC) to evaluate its accuracy. The detection algorithm achieves 100 percent accuracy to determine the RAPs in a lightly loaded traffic environment. The detection time can be taken in approximately 100 ms and is scanned in real-time setting. The robustness and the efficiency of the detection algorithm are examined in two different locations.
Organization of the Visual Cortex in Human Albinism

In albinism there is an abnormal projection of part of the temporal retina to the visual cortex contralateral to the eye. This projection, together with the normally routed fibers from nasal retina, provides a cortical hemisphere with visual input from more than the normal hemifield of visual space. In many mammalian models of albinism, a possible sensory mismatch in the visual cortex is avoided either by reorganization of the thalamocortical connections to give the abnormal input an exclusive cortical representation, or by the abnormal input being substantially suppressed. In this study we examine, with fMRI, how the human visual cortex topographically maps its input in albinism. We find that the input from temporal retina is not substantially suppressed and forms a retinotopic mapping that is superimposed on the mapping of the nasal retina in striate and extrastriate areas. The abnormal routing of temporal fibers is not total, with the line of decussation shifting to between 6 and 14° into temporal retina. Our results indicate that the abnormal input to visual cortex in human albinism does not undergo topographic reorganization between the thalamus and cortex. Furthermore, the abnormal input is not significantly suppressed in either striate or extrastriate areas. The topographic mapping that we report in human does not conform, therefore, to the commonly observed patterns in other mammals but takes the form of the “true albino” pattern that has been reported rarely in cat and in the only other individual primate studied.
Cyclical Public Policy and Financial Factors

Cyclical Public Policy and Financial Factors Vishrut Rana The Great Recession of 2009 motivated a growing body of research on the quantitative modeling of financial factors and appropriate policy responses. This dissertation is a part of that line of research and looks at the quantitative macroeconomic effects of financial factors on business cycles. The dissertation uses quantitative macroeconomic general equilibrium models (popular dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE)) that allow flexibility in micro-founded modeling of macroeconomic environments. The dissertation captures financial factors through explicit modeling of financial intermediation, featuring costly state verification and collateral constraints as financial frictions. The first chapter offers a new quantitative model of credit cycles with endogenous leverage for financial intermediaries. Credit cycle dynamics emerge in a model with endogenous financial intermediary leverage and costly state verification. A trade-off between costly bank capital and a benefit of capital as a buffer against adverse shocks drives intermediary leverage. Bank capital functions as a buffer by reducing value-at-risk. Bank capital is costly as households require a premium to hold risky capital whereas deposits are insured. Changes in intermediary balance sheet size drive credit supply. The model displays three active credit channels: the business conditions channel, the bank net worth channel, and the funding cost channel. The model delivers 3 empirically observed procyclical credit conditions. The second chapter investigates how bank monitoring dynamics evolve over the business cycle. The model features lognormal idiosyncratic productivity shocks for firms and endogenous default thresholds with costly state verification. The model presented in this chapter features financial intermediaries who engage in risk-shifting over the business cycle by reducing monitoring activity during business cycle upturns when the chances of loan losses are lower. Bank monitoring is costly, but it can indirectly reduce loan default probabilities by preventing firm moral hazard. As aggregate default probabilities fall over the business cycle, the marginal benefit of loan monitoring drops. In addition, intermediary monitoring is inefficiently low because firms holdup part of the benefit of monitoring. The third chapter abstracts from financial intermediation and looks at how tax policy should vary across the business cycle in the presence of financial frictions. Financial factors in the model give rise to heterogeneity among households. Optimal income tax rates are more volatile for lower income households. The paper looks at the quantitative properties of Ramsey optimal income tax rates as well as optimal public goods provision.
Universal Features for the Classification of Coding and Non-coding DNA Sequences

In this report, we revisited simple features that allow the classification of coding sequences (CDS) from non-coding DNA. The spectrum of codon usage of our sequence sample is large and suggests that these features are universal. The features that we investigated combine (i) the stop codon distribution, (ii) the product of purine probabilities in the three positions of nucleotide triplets, (iii) the product of Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine probabilities in 1st, 2nd, 3rd position of triplets, respectively, (iv) the product of G and C probabilities in 1st and 2nd position of triplets. These features are a natural consequence of the physico-chemical properties of proteins and their combination is successful in classifying CDS and non-coding DNA (introns) with a success rate >95% above 350 bp. The coding strand and coding frame are implicitly deduced when the sequences are classified as coding.
Prostate specific antigen concentration at age 60 and death or metastasis from prostate cancer: case-control study

Objective To determine the relation between concentrations of prostate specific antigen at age 60 and subsequent diagnosis of clinically relevant prostate cancer in an unscreened population to evaluate whether screening for prostate cancer and chemoprevention could be stratified by risk. Design Case-control study with 1:3 matching nested within a highly representative population based cohort study. Setting General population of Sweden taking part in the Malmo Preventive Project. Cancer registry at the National Board of Health and Welfare. Participants 1167 men aged 60 who provided blood samples in 1981 and were followed up to age 85. Main outcome measures Metastasis or death from prostate cancer. Results The rate of screening during the course of the study was low. There were 43 cases of metastasis and 35 deaths from prostate cancer. Concentration of prostate specific antigen at age 60 was associated with prostate cancer metastasis (area under the curve 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.79 to 0.92; P<0.001) and death from prostate cancer (0.90, 0.84 to 0.96; P<0.001). The greater the number for the area under the curve (values from 0 to 1) the better the test. Although only a minority of the men with concentrations in the top quarter (>2 ng/ml) develop fatal prostate cancer, 90% (78% to 100%) of deaths from prostate cancer occurred in these men. Conversely, men aged 60 with concentrations at the median or lower (≤1 ng/ml) were unlikely to have clinically relevant prostate cancer (0.5% risk of metastasis by age 85 and 0.2% risk of death from prostate cancer). Conclusions The concentration of prostate specific antigen at age 60 predicts lifetime risk of metastasis and death from prostate cancer. Though men aged 60 with concentrations below the median (≤1 ng/ml) might harbour prostate cancer, it is unlikely to become life threatening. Such men could be exempted from further screening, which should instead focus on men with higher concentrations.
A Secure Multi-party Computing Model Based on Trusted Computing Platform

With the increasing requirement of resource sharing, security has become a crucial item of application system. In order to improve the secure assurance of resource sharing, many researches have been carried out. Aiming at the efficiency and extreme ideal assumption problems of multi-party secure computation, this paper proposed a secure computation mechanism based on trusted computing platform. And a novel secure model with non-interference information flow and its formal proof are provided. At last, the relationship between this model and trusted computing platform is deeply discussed.
Do Copy Number Changes in CACNA2D2, CACNA2D3, and CACNA1D Constitute a Predisposing Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease?

Dysregulation of calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is now being recognized to be a key step in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Data from the literature, in particular the association between AD and polymorphism that interfere with Ca2+ homeostasis indicates the presence of genetic factors in this process; further, presenilins mutations, which are known to cause the familial form of AD, are involved in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ stores. Here, we wish to draw attention to rare DNA copy number variations identified in two subjects with late-onset AD that led to partial or full duplication of genes that encode different subunits of the same type of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels; these duplications of voltage-gated Ca2+ channel genes is consistent with the critical role of calcium signaling in molecular processes underlying memory as has been demonstrated by several studies.
Robotaba Guitar Tablature Transcription Framework

This paper presents Robotaba, a web-based guitar tablature transcription framework. The framework facilitates the creation of web applications in which polyphonic transcription and guitar tablature arrangement algorithms can be embedded. Such a web application is implemented, and consists of an existing polyphonic transcription algorithm and a new guitar tablature arrangement algorithm. The result is a unified system that is capable of transcribing guitar tablature from a digital audio recording and displaying the resulting tablature in the web browser. Additionally, two ground-truth datasets for polyphonic transcription and guitar tablature arrangement are compiled from manual transcriptions gathered from the tablature website ultimate-guitar.com. The implemented transcription web application is evaluated on the compiled ground-truth datasets using several metrics.
A P 2 P Single Sign-On which remains Single on Smart Spaces ?

Most single sign-on (SSO) schemes do not handle well scenarios where users work simultaneously with more than one device because their agents do not cooperate. In these scenarios, most SSO systems are really per-machine single sign-on. Besides, most authentication services usually depend on centralized services, may be hard to administer, and do not work well for highly dynamic and partitionable systems. In this work we present the Plan B’s Peer-to-Peer security agent, SHAD. This agent offers SSO even when handling multiple machines and takes advantage of a context infrastructure. In addition, SHAD does not depend on any centralized service. We are using SHAD daily in our smart space and offices for accessing services without authentication obstruction.
The service outsourcing sector as driver of development: the expectations of Ghana's ICT for Accelerated Development programme

The service outsourcing sector is often regarded as a driver for economic growth of developing countries. The success story of India in acquiring foreign investments and building local firm capacity has led that many developing countries seek to develop an ICT-driven development agenda. Ghana actively pursues such an agenda with its ICT4AD programme that aims at developing a knowledge economy. This paper concentrates on the Ghanaian efforts to attract foreign outsourcing firms and develop local firm capacity. While the ambitions are pointed towards servicing Western markets, it is rather the domestic and regional market that attracts foreign investors to invest in the Ghanaian outsourcing sector. Second, the paper identifies the symbolic significance of the sector. The service outsourcing sector is often used as a representation of a modernising Ghana and, despite its small size, provides a good illustration of the current optimism on Africa's development potential.
Pollution-resistant peer-to-peer live streaming using trust management

In the emerging peer-to-peer (P2P) live streaming, users cooperate with each other to support efficient delivery of video over networks in live streaming applications. Pollution attack is an effective attack against P2P live streaming, where attackers upload bogus multimedia data to their peers. The polluted data can spread over the entire network, and cause severe quality degradation of the videos. To resist pollution attacks in P2P live streaming, this paper proposes a trust management system that identifies attackers and excludes them from further sharing of multimedia data. We investigate possible attacks against the trust management system and analyze the attack resistance of the proposed system. Our simulation results show that the proposed trust management system can efficiently detect attackers and stimulate user cooperation even under attacks. It helps users receive more clean data and improves the performance of P2P live streaming.
Exploratory Choice Reflects the Future Value of Information

The tension between exploration and exploitation is a primary challenge in decision making under uncertainty. Optimal models of choice prescribe that individuals resolve this tension by evaluating how information gained from their choices will improve future choices. However, research in behavioral economics and psychology has yielded conflicting evidence about whether people consider the future during exploratory choice, particularly in complex, uncertain environments. Adding to the empirical evidence on this issue, we examine exploratory decision making in a novel approach-avoid paradigm. In the first set of experiments we find that people parametrically increase their exploration when the expected number of future encounters with a prospect is larger. In the second we demonstrate that when the number of future encounters is unknown, as is often the case in everyday life, people are sensitive to the relative frequency of future encounters with a prospect. Our experiments show that people adaptively utilize information about the future when deciding to explore, a tendency that may shape decisions across several real-world domains.
MOTION DETECTION FOR VIDEO DENOISING - THE STATE OF ART AND THE CHALLENGES

This paper provide a detailed state of art of motion detection for video denoising. Most of the video denoising algorithms are done through the motion detection technique. The main goal is to give a survey of various moving object detection techniques. Object detection is the first level of video denoising. In this paper I have explained about the frame differencing technique for video denoising. The proposed video denoising technique uses three frames such as past frame, current frame and future frame.
3D augmented reality mobile navigation system supporting indoor positioning function

“Oxford College,” well-known as “the earliest edification institution in northern Taiwan,” was planned by Rev. George Leslie Mackay. It is a typical Chinese and Western style architecture with rich historical and cultural content, now is a Class 2 national monument. This paper took “Oxford College” as an example to develop a 3D augmented reality mobile navigation system that supports the function of indoor positioning. This system collected the historical data to develop the 3D models according to the ratio of actual objectives, and constructed the 3D external and internal structures of Oxford College of the past and present. Moreover, this system combined RFID positioning function with the technology of markerless augmented reality to actively detect the location of visitors and to further instantaneously present 3D and multimedia navigation information on mobile devices.