Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING: DIMENSIONS FOR A THEORY

Organizational learning (OL) is receiving increasing attention from researchers and practitioners alike. In fact, some have suggested that the only sustainable competitive advantage is a firm's ability to learn faster than its competitors. In spite of OL's promise, the field has been slow to evolve. The primary impediments to the development of OL theory are that inconsistent terminology is used for comparable concepts and that different definitions are used to describe the phenomenon. Furthermore, many theorists have neglected to make explicit their underlying assumptions about the phenomenon. Employing an inductive approach, this review surfaces the implicit and explicit assumptions of OL researchers, identifying three key dimensions that differentiate perspectives: (1) unit of analysis—individual, group, organizational, and inter organizational; (2) cognitive/behavioral emphasis; and (3) the learning‐performance relationship.
Lewis's Theory of Intentionality: Three Compliments and Two Complaints

Kaye, K. (1982). The mental and social life of babies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Kruper, J. C. , & U? giris, I. C. (1987). Fathers' and mothers' speech to young infants. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 16, 597-614. Lewis, M. , & Brooks-Gunn, J. (1979). Social cognition and the acquisition of self. New York: Plenum. Piaget, J. (1952). The origins of intelligence in children (M. Cook, Trans.). New York: International Universities Press. (Original work published 1936) Piaget, J. (1954). The construction of reality in the child (M. Cook, Trans.). New York: Basic. (Original work published 1937) Mandler, J. M. (1988). How to build a baby: On the development of an accessible representational system. Cognitive Development, 3, 113136. Schaffer, H. R. (1984). The child's entry into a social world. London: Academic. Searle, J. R. (1983). Intentionality. New York: Cambridge University Press. Sinha, C. (1988). Language and representation. New York: New York University Press. Stem, D. N. (1985). The interpersonal world of the infant. New York: Basic. Trevarthen, C. (1980). The foundations of intersubjectivity. In D. R. Olson (Ed.), The socialfoundations of language and thought (pp. 316342). New York: Norton. Ulgiris, I. Ci. (1989). Infants in relation: Performers, pupils, and partners. In W. Damon (Ed.), Child development today and tomorrow (pp. 288311). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Evolution of networks with aging of sites

We study the growth of a network with aging of sites. Each new site of the network is connected to some old site with probability proportional (i) to the connectivity of the old site as in the Barabasi-Albert's model and (ii) to tau(-alpha), where tau is the age of the old site. We find both from simulation and analytically that the network shows scaling behavior only in the region alpha<1. When alpha increases from -infinity to 0, the exponent gamma of the distribution of connectivities [P(k) approximately k(-gamma) for large k] grows from 2 to the value for the network without aging. The ensuing increase of alpha to 1 causes gamma to grow to infinity. For alpha>1, the distribution P(k) is exponentional.
Improvement in nutrition-related knowledge and behaviour of urban Asian Indian school children: findings from the ‘Medical education for children/Adolescents for Realistic prevention of obesity and diabetes and for healthy aGeing’ (MARG) intervention study

Increasing prevalence of childhood obesity calls for comprehensive and cost-effective educative measures in developing countries such as India. School-based educative programmes greatly influence children's behaviour towards healthy living. We aimed to evaluate the impact of a school-based health and nutritional education programme on knowledge and behaviour of urban Asian Indian school children. Benchmark assessment of parents and teachers was also done. We educated 40 196 children (aged 8–18 years), 25 000 parents and 1500 teachers about health, nutrition, physical activity, non-communicable diseases and healthy cooking practices in three cities of North India. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess randomly selected 3128 children, 2241 parents and 841 teachers before intervention and 2329 children after intervention. Low baseline knowledge and behaviour scores were reported in 75–94 % government and 48–78 % private school children, across all age groups. A small proportion of government school children gave correct answers about protein (14–17 %), carbohydrates (25–27 %) and saturated fats (18–32 %). Private school children, parents and teachers performed significantly better than government school subjects (P < 0·05). Following the intervention, scores improved in all children irrespective of the type of school (P < 0·001). A significantly higher improvement was observed in younger children (aged 8–11 years) as compared with those aged 12–18 years, in females compared with males and in government schools compared with private schools (P < 0·05 for all). Major gaps exist in health and nutrition-related knowledge and behaviour of urban Asian Indian children, parents and teachers. This successful and comprehensive educative intervention could be incorporated in future school-based health and nutritional education programmes.
Learning spatio-temporal co-occurrence correlograms for efficient human action classification

Spatio-temporal interest point (STIP) based features show great promises in human action analysis with high efficiency and robustness. However, they typically focus on bag-of-visual words (BoVW), which omits any correlation among words and shows limited discrimination in real-world videos. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to add the spatio-temporal co-occurrence relationships of visual words to BoVW for a richer representation. Rather than assigning a particular scale on videos, we adopt the normalized google-like distance (NGLD) to measure the words' co-occurrence semantics, which grasps the videos' structure information in a statistical way. All pairwise distances in spatial and temporal domain compose the corresponding NGLD correlograms, then their united form is incorporated with BoVW by training a multi-channel kernel SVM classifier. Experiments on real-world datasets (KTH and UCF sports) validate the efficiency of our approach for the classification of human actions.
On Silicon Carbide Grains as the Carrier of the 21 μm Emission Feature in Post-Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars

The mysterious 21 μm emission feature seen in 12 proto-planetary nebulae remains unidentified since its first detection in 1989. Over a dozen candidate materials have been proposed within the past decade, but none of them have received general acceptance. Very recently, silicon carbide (SiC) grains with impurities were suggested to be the carrier of this enigmatic feature, based on recent laboratory data that doped SiC grains exhibit a resonance at ~21 μm. This proposal gains strength from the fact that SiC is a common dust species in carbon-rich circumstellar envelopes. However, SiC dust has a strong vibrational band at ~11.3 μm. We show in this Letter that in order to be consistent with the observed flux ratios of the 11.3 μm feature to the 21 μm feature, the band strength of the 21 μm resonance has to be very strong, too strong to be consistent with current laboratory measurements. But this does not yet readily rule out the SiC hypothesis since recent experimental results have demonstrated that the 21 μm resonance of doped SiC becomes stronger as the C impurity increases. Further laboratory measurements of SiC dust with high fractions of C impurity are urgently needed to test the hypothesis of SiC as the carrier of the 21 μm feature.
The purpose of exchange helps shape the mode of exchange

In his state-of-the-art review, Gurven compares evolutionary theories of food transfers in ethnographic settings. Although this is useful, I suggest that one must first try to determine the utility of food transfers before making predictions about which parties ought to receive food. In addition, I argue that tests of kin selection theory present a special problem in food transfers.
Tracing the development of single memory-lineage B cells in a highly defined immune response

To study the development of B lymphocyte memory, we identified and isolated splenic B cells expressing a highly defined antibody variable region that constitutes a reproducible and predominant component of the memory antibody response to p-azophenylarsonate (Ars). Isolation was achieved during the primary immune response by surface staining and flow cytometry using a specific anti-idiotypic antibody called E4, which recognizes this canonical V region, encoded by one set of V gene segments. The isolated E4+ cells displayed all of the phenotypic characteristics of germinal center centrocytes, including a low level of surface Ig, a lack of surface IgD, a high level of receptor for peanut agglutinin, and expression of mutated antibody V genes. E4+ B cells were first detected in the spleen 7-8 d after primary immunization, reached peak numbers from days 10-13, and waned by day 16. Surprisingly, at their peak, E4+ cells comprised only 40,000 of all splenocytes, and half of these failed to bind Ars. Using this number, we estimate the total number of Ars-specific memory-lineage cells in the spleen to be no more than 50,000 (0.1%) at any one time, and presumably far fewer that are committed to the memory pool. Chromosomal copies of rearranged V genes from single E4+ cells were amplified by nested PCR, and the amplified products were sequenced directly without cloning, using standardized conditions that disclose virtually no Taq polymerase errors. V gene sequence analyses of E4+ cells isolated from single mice confirmed their canonical nature and revealed that they were derived from few precursors. In the average mouse, the E4+ pool was derived from fewer than five canonical precursors. Somatic mutations were found within the V genes of almost all cell isolates. At day 13, a significant fraction of E4+ cells had mutations known to increase antibody affinity for Ars, suggesting they were products of at least one cycle of post-mutational antigen-driven selection. However, the lack of shared mutations by clonally related cells indicated that the selective expansion of mutant subclones typical of memory responses had not yet taken place. This was supported by the observation that half of the E4+ cells failed to bind Ars. Collectively, our results indicate that the memory compartment is a highly selected entity, even at relatively early stages of the primary immune response when somatic mutation and clonal selection are still in progress. If germinal centers are the source of memory B cells, our data suggest that B cell memory may be derived from only a small fraction of all germinal centers.
Polygyny: Women's Views in a Transitional Society, Nigeria 1975.

Womens attitudes toward polygyny are examined in the context of a transitional urban society in western Nigeria - a society in which almost 1/2 of all wives live in polygynous unions. The data on the incidence of polygyny are drawn from a sample of 6606 women of all marital statuses; the data on attitudes is based on in-depth interviews with 250 wives. The most important finding is possibly the lack of any clear division between monogamously and polygynously married women. In a society in which polygyny is so widely accepted nearly all monogamous marriages are perceived as potentially polygynous and sole wives need to always consider the prospect of additional wives. 60% of the wives indicated straightforwardly that they would be pleased if their husbands took another wife; they would be pleased to share the housework husband care and child-minding and to have someone to gossip and "play" with. 23% openly expressed anger at the idea of sharing material and sexual resources with another wife while the remainder expressed some ambivalence. The more traditionally oriented uneducated wives were more inclined to be pleased with the idea of sharing their husband (67%) in contrast to those with some formal Western-style education (54%). Wives opinions on personal autonomy fertility womens issues and general development are also examined.
This Reprint May Differ from the Original in Pagination and Typographic Detail. Somatosensory Mismatch Response in Young and Elderly Adults

All material supplied via JYX is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all or part of any of the repository collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to anyone who is not an authorised user. Aging is associated with cognitive decline and alterations in early perceptual processes. Studies in the auditory and visual sensory modalities have shown that the mismatch negativity [or the mismatch response (MMR)], an event-related potential (ERP) elicited by a deviant stimulus in a background of homogenous events, diminishes with aging and cognitive decline. However, the effects of aging on the somatosensory MMR (sMMR) are not known. In the current study, we recorded ERPs to electrical pulses to different fingers of the left hand in a passive oddball experiment in young (22–36 years) and elderly (66– 95 years) adults engaged in a visual task. The MMR was found to deviants as compared to standards at two latency ranges: 180–220 ms and 250–290 ms post-stimulus onset. At 180– 220 ms, within the young, the MMR was found at medial electrode sites, whereas aged did not show any amplitude difference between the stimulus types at the same latency range. At 250–290 ms, the MMR was evident with attenuated amplitude and narrowed scalp distribution among aged (Fz) compared to young (fronto-centrally and lateral parietal sites). Hence, the results reveal that the somatosensory change detection mechanism is altered in aging. The sMMR can be used as a reliable measure of age-related changes in sensory-cognitive functions.
3D Monolithic Metal Orifice Plate for SERS Application: A Showcase of Low Cost MEMS Packaging

Electroplating is a low cost process where metal ionsin a solution are reduced by an applied electric field onto aconductive substrate. This process has been studied extensively, but is still critical for modern technology and R&D. In the HPinkjet printing business, electroplating is primarily used in themanufacturing the orifice plate (OP) for integrated print-headproducts. To extend the OP functionality, a novel cost-effectivethree-dimensional (3D) OP has been developed to addressnumerous micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) applications, including surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS).
Is stochastic ranking really better than Feasibility Rules for constraint handling in Evolutionary Algorithms?

Evolutionary Algorithms have been widely used to solve difficult constrained optimization problems. However, Evolutionary algorithms are intrinsically unconstrained optimization techniques. Constraint handling is mostly incorporated additionally and its choice has great bearing on the quality of the solution. Stochastic Ranking was introduced as an improvement over Feasibility Rules for handling constraints in Evolutionary Optimization. It is widely believed that stochastic ranking is currently the best-known technique for handling constraints. However, a fair comparative study has never been attempted in the literature, where by the performance of both the constraint handling technique is compared on the same Evolutionary Algorithm. This paper fairly compares the performance of both the constraint handling techniques on the same Evolutionary Algorithm over a set of parameters like feasibility rate, successful run, success rate and success performance in addition to objective function value and number of function evaluations. The results put a question mark over the belief that Feasibility Rules are worse than Stochastic Ranking.
How Does Tobacco Smoke Contribute to Cervical Carcinogenesis?

Tobacco smoke is a well-established human papillomavirus (HPV) cofactor for the development of cervical precancer and cancer (3, 6), but the molecular mechanisms by which smoking increases the risk of cervical precancer and cancer remain unknown. There are several plausible explanations (2). One is that smoking inhibits the immune response to HPV. A second is that carcinogenic HPV-infected cells are exposed to smoking carcinogens that cause DNA damage while HPV oncoproteins block apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Alam et al. (1) reported a molecular interaction between benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a carcinogen found in cigarette smoke, and HPV synthesis, suggestive of yet another possible mechanism. They found evidence that “high concentrations of BaP resulted in a ten-fold increase in HPV31 viral titers, whereas treatment with low concentrations of BaP resulted in increased HPV genome copies, but not virion morphogenesis”.
3D Hierarchical Edge bundles to visualize relations in a software city metaphor

Software systems are often very complex because of their huge size and the tremendous number of interactions between their components. However, understanding relations between software elements is crucial to optimize the development and the maintenance process. A good way to ease this understanding of software relations is to use advanced visualization techniques to graphically see interactions between elements. Nevertheless representing those software relations is not an easy task and often leads to hard to understand clutter. We believe that combining both edge clustering techniques and real-world metaphors can help address this issue, producing easier-to-read visualizations that ease the cognitive process and thus significantly help understanding the underlying software. In this paper, we explain how we adapted the existing 2D Hierarchical Edge bundles technique to represent relations in a 3D space on top of city metaphors.
The Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire and Movement Assessment Battery for Children as a Diagnostic Method in Australian Children

Purpose: Early, accurate diagnosis of children with developmental coordination disorder is crucial to enable effective intervention. This study examined a diagnostic method in an Australian school population. Methods: In a two-step process, the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ) was distributed to parents of 460 children. Using the DCDQ results, children suspected of having developmental coordination disorder, and age and sex matched control children, attended a physical assessment [Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC)]. Results: Fifty-seven children completed M-ABC assessments. The internal consistency of the DCDQ was high (alpha 0.88), but the M-ABC (alpha 0.75) failed to reach the specified cut-off. Factor analysis revealed discrepancies in the proposed subtest structures. Sensitivity and specificity using the original cut-off scores was somewhat low, cluster analysis identified alternative cut-off scores. Conclusions: The DCDQ is reliable and valid; however the ability of the combination of these two tests to identify children was only fair.
Release from informational masking by auditory stream segregation: perception and its neural correlate

In the analysis of acoustic scenes, we easily miss sounds or are insensitive to sound features that are salient if presented in isolation. This insensitivity that is not due to interference in the inner ear is termed informational masking (IM). So far, the cellular mechanisms underlying IM remained elusive. Here, we apply a sequential IM paradigm to humans and gerbils using a sound level increment detection task determining the sensitivity to target tones in a background of standard (same frequency) and distracting tones (varying in level and frequency). The amount of IM that was indicated by the level increment thresholds depended on the frequency separation between the distracting and the standard and target tones. In humans and gerbils, we observed similar perceptual thresholds. A release from IM of more than 20 dB was observed in both species if the distracting tones were well segregated in frequency from the other tones. Neuronal rate responses elicited by similar sequences in gerbil inferior colliculus and auditory cortex were recorded. At both levels of the auditory pathway, the neuronal thresholds obtained with a signal‐detection‐theoretic approach deducing the sensitivity from the analysis of the neurons’ receiver operating characteristics matched the psychophysical thresholds revealing that IM already emerges at midbrain level. By applying objective response measures in physiology and psychophysics, we demonstrated that the population of neurons has a sufficient sensitivity for explaining the perceptual level increment thresholds indicating IM. There was a good correspondence between the neuronal and perceptual release from IM being related to auditory stream segregation.
Blind separation of statistically independent signals with mixed sub-Gaussian and super-Gaussian probability distributions

In the context of independent component analysis (ICA), we propose a simple method for online estimation of activation functions in order to separate blindly instantaneous mixtures of sub-Gaussian and super-Gaussian signals. An adequate choice of these activation functions is necessary, not only for successful source separation (using a relative gradient algorithm), but also to achieve a sufficient level of crosstalk index. To accomplish this, we employ a simple parameterized model for the probability density functions of the sources. The parameter of this distribution model (for each estimated source signal) is adapted online by minimizing the mutual information while the activation functions are obtained as the associated score functions. Furthermore, a modified relative gradient algorithm is derived that exhibits an isotropic convergence (near the desired solution) independent of the statistics of the sources. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented methods.
Favorable and unfavorable target expectancies and social information processing

The certainty engendered by expectancies and the degree to which relevant information is subsequently processed should differ depending on the expectancy's favorability. Consistent with this proposal, the results of Experiment 1 indicated that favorable expectancies elicited more testing of the expectancy than did unfavorable expectancies and engendered greater memory performance overall. In Experiment 2 these findings were replicated, and results also showed that unfavorable expectancies led to attentional decrements in impression formation whereas favorable expectancies did not. In Experiment 3 comparable results were obtained using information (traits) that has been shown to induce confirmatory processing. Also, participants indicated that they were more cognitively engaged with the impression task when they held favorable rather than unfavorable expectancies. Finally, the findings of Experiment 4 showed that participants who held favorable expectancies did not show primacy effects in judgment, whereas participants who held unfavorable expectancies did.