Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and surgical treatment of carotid body tumor: A report of 18 cases

Objective: To summarize the experience in the diagnosis and treatment of carotid body tumor (CBT). Materials and Methods: CBT in 18 cases was confirmed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Resection of the tumor under the carotid adventitial plane was performed in 10 cases, the tumor with the external carotid artery in five cases, and the tumor with the internal and external arteries at the same time in three cases. Results: Neither death nor any major complications occurred in all the 18 cases. Our follow-up of the 18 patients revealed neither recurrence nor metastasis. Conclusion: DSA is the gold standard for the diagnosis of CBT. After confirmation, thorough preoperative examination, sufficient preoperative preparation, and correct surgical approaches can result in satisfactory surgical effects.
Socioeconomic Stratification of Community College Transfer Access in the 1980s and 1990s: Evidence from HS&B and NELS

This study analyzes the High School and Beyond (HS&B) and National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS) data to determine whether a "middle-class takeover" of the community college transfer function occurred between the late 1980s and early 1990s. The findings demonstrate that the middle-class share of transfer enrollments and graduates at both selective and less selective four-year institutions did not increase, except for an increase in the share of lower-middle-SES students among transfer graduates of less selective institutions. On the contrary, our point estimates, though not statistically significant, suggest that the share of students from the highest-SES quintile increased among transfers to selective institutions.
Capturing Latino Students in the Academic Pipeline

Latinos now make up the single largest ethnic group in California’s public schools (California Basic Educational Data System, 1997). Unfortunately, they also have the highest dropout rate of any ethnic group (Rumberger, 1991). These facts create an obvious challenge for a state attempting to reform its education system and raise its educational productivity. This paper reports on three projects in California that have attempted to stem the tide of Latino dropouts and increase the college-going rates of this population. The three programs we review here, ALAS, AVID, and Puente, have each tested a set of strategies aimed at increasing the educational achievement of Latino students. While the aims of the programs are similar, their strategies differ according to the segment of the population they target and the ways in which they deploy their resources. There are important lessons to be learned from these programs and their impact on students and their families. Moreover, it is critically important to the future of the state that California capitalize on efforts such as these, which have been systematic, grounded in research and theory, and evaluated under stringent conditions.
Derivatives markets, products and participants: an overview

Derivatives have been associated with a number of high-profile corporate events that roiled the global financial markets over the past two decades. To some critics, derivatives have played an important role in the near collapses or bankruptcies of Barings Bank in 1995, Long-term Capital Management in 1998, Enron in 2001, Lehman Brothers in and American International Group (AIG) in 2008. Warren Buffet even viewed derivatives as time bombs for the economic system and called them financial weapons of mass destruction (Berkshire Hathaway Inc (2002)).
Network medicine--from obesity to the "diseasome".

A recent study reported that among people who carried a single copy of the high-risk allele for the FTO gene, which is associated with fat mass and obesity, the risk of obesity increased by 30%. The risk of obesity increased by 67% among people who carried two alleles, and on average they gained 3.0 kg (6.6 lb) or more.1 Given that approximately one sixth of the population of European descent is homozygous for this allele, this link between the FTO gene and obesity appears to be one of the strongest genotype–phenotype associations detected by modern genome-screening techniques. That obesity has .
AJTEC 2011-44341 DRAFT : PHONON TRANSPORT IN ASYMMETRIC SAWTOOTH NANOWIRES

Thermal transport in asymmetric sawtooth nanowires was investigated. The boundaries reflect phonons differently d epending on the frequency and momentum of the phonon. These systems show thermally rectifying behavior when the boundary r eflections are a function of both the direction the phonon is tr aveling and the frequency of the phonon. This rectifying effect c ould be useful for thermal management applications at all size sc ale , but would have to be built up from the nanoscale because of a strong dependence on the device aspect ratio and the Knudsen number of the system. Monte Carlo simulations show an accumulation of phonons at the boundary which emits phonons in a perceived rough direction where those phonons have some pro bability of diffuse reflections at the boundary while phonons emitted in the smooth direction only experience specular reflect ions at the boundary and are eventually thermalized at the opposi te boundary. In this study the level of rectification of the syst em was linearly dependent on the device aspect ratio as long as t he length of the device was near or below the phonon mean free path of the phonons. NOMENCLATURE B scattering constants D density of states (1/J-m 3) E energy (J) F normalized density function F exchange factor k wave vector (1/m) kb Boltzmann constant ∗Address all correspondence to this author. l device length (m) N phonon number 〈n〉 Bose-Einstein distribution p probability R random number T temperature (K) t time (s) Vg phonon group velocity (m/s) w device width (m) α aspect ratio ( l/w) η characteristic roughness (m) ε level of rectification κ thermal conductivity (W/m-K) λ phonon wavelength (m) τ relaxation time (1/s) ω phonon frequency (Hz) INTRODUCTION Thermal rectification is a phenomenon where transport through a material or device is dependent on the sign of the ap plied temperature gradient or heat current along a specific a xis. Reports of this phenomenon date back to 1936 when Starr observed a system consisting of an interface between copper an d copperous oxide exhibited both electrical and thermal rect ification [1]. In the 1960s and 70s there was a surge of interest in the area of thermal rectification when studies were being per formed on composite systems for aerospace applications and additional mechanisms of thermal rectification were discover ed. These mechanisms are summarized in ref. [2]. After this explosion of research in the area followed a period of little wo rk 1 Copyright c © 2011 by ASME
Peroxisomal Acyl-CoA Synthetase Activity Is Essential for Seedling Development in Arabidopsis thaliana

In plants and other eukaryotes, long-chain acyl-CoAs are assumed to be imported into peroxisomes for β-oxidation by an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter. However, two genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, LACS6 and LACS7, encode peroxisomal long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (LACS) isozymes. To investigate the biochemical and biological roles of peroxisomal LACS, we identified T-DNA knockout mutants for both genes. The single-mutant lines, lacs6-1 and lacs7-1, were indistinguishable from the wild type in germination, growth, and reproductive development. By contrast, the lacs6-1 lacs7-1 double mutant was specifically defective in seed lipid mobilization and required exogenous sucrose for seedling establishment. This phenotype is similar to the A. thaliana pxa1 mutants deficient in the peroxisomal ABC transporter and other mutants deficient in β-oxidation. Our results demonstrate that peroxisomal LACS activity and the PXA1 transporter are essential for early seedling growth. The peroxisomal LACS activity would be necessary if the PXA1 transporter delivered unesterified fatty acids into the peroxisomal matrix. Alternatively, PXA1 and LACS6/LACS7 may act in parallel pathways that are both required to ensure adequate delivery of acyl-CoA substrates for β-oxidation and successful seedling establishment.
Discovery of Novel Alphacoronaviruses in European Rodents and Shrews

Eight hundred and thirteen European rodents and shrews encompassing seven different species were screened for alphacoronaviruses using PCR detection. Novel alphacoronaviruses were detected in the species Rattus norvegicus, Microtus agrestis, Sorex araneus and Myodes glareolus. These, together with the recently described Lucheng virus found in China, form a distinct rodent/shrew-specific clade within the coronavirus phylogeny. Across a highly conserved region of the viral polymerase gene, the new members of this clade were up to 22% dissimilar at the nucleotide level to the previously described Lucheng virus. As such they might represent distinct species of alphacoronaviruses. These data greatly extend our knowledge of wildlife reservoirs of alphacoronaviruses.
Object‐oriented patterns: lessons from expert systems

Three benefits are typically claimed for object‐oriented (OO) patterns: (i) reusing parts of the conceptual models of old implementations; (ii) guiding the current development based on using successful previous developments; and (iii) communicating existing systems to newcomers. We will argue that a similar idea can be found in the expert systems literature dating from the early 1980s. The goal of KL or knowledge‐level modelling (e.g. KADS) is to identify abstract patterns of inference that appear in many expert systems. Such abstract patterns of inference and program structure, it is argued, are productivity tools for the creation of software applications, i.e. KL argues for a similar reuse benefit as OO patterns. Recently, however, an alternative view has emerged. While such abstract patterns are good for communications and guidance, the reuse benefits may never be realised. Patterns may be best viewed as tools for structuring an argument, rather than recording a conclusion. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on the Detection and Analysis Technique of Intranet Security

The current network protecting methods are ineffective in controlling the hosts onf intranet. This paper first analyzes the threats coming from intranet. Then designs and implements an intranet security detecting system which can detect if the intranet is working in a secure state. Finally, it combines the detecting results of this system and those of the vulnerability scanners, constructs a logical modal to evaluate the security of the intranet. This modal integrates as much as the factors that affect the securtiy of intranet, including the vulnerabilities of each host, hosts connected to the Internet illegally, hosts connected to the intranet unauthorized, the filtering rules of the firewall as well as the trust relations among hosts, so it can provide a more reasonable evaluation to the intranet security.
Assessing Implicit Motives in U.S. College Students: Effects of Picture Type and Position, Gender and Ethnicity, and Cross-Cultural Comparisons

We assessed implicit needs for power, achievement, and affiliation in 323 U.S. college students using a Picture Story Exercise (PSE; McClelland, Koestner, & Weinberger, 1989) consisting of 6 picture cues and Winter's (1994) content coding system. Picture cues differed markedly in the amount of motive imagery they elicited and picture motive profiles closely resembled those reported by Schultheiss and Brunstein (2001) for a German student sample. Picture position influenced the expression of power and affiliation motivation, with affiliation motivation being most strongly expressed at the beginning and power motivation being most strongly expressed in the middle of the PSE. Women had higher affiliation motive scores than men. Asian Americans had higher affiliation motive scores than Whites, and African Americans had higher levels of achievement motivation than Asian Americans or Whites. PSE motive measures showed little or no overlap with questionnaire measures of impulsivity and anxiety (Behavioral Inhibition System–Behavioral Activation System scales; Carver & White, 1994) or specific motivational orientations (Personality Research Form; Jackson, 1984). Comparisons with Schultheiss and Brunstein's (2001) German sample indicate that U.S. students have higher achievement motivation and lower power motivation and activity inhibition scores than German students.
Um Modelo de Predição de Mortalidade em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Baseado em Deep Learning

The usage of Deep Learning techniques has become even more frequent in medical research due to the possibilities that it offers to improve the quality of Clinical Decision Support. Several conventional prognostic models have been used in Intensive Care Units (ICU) to evaluate the risk of death. However, those models still cannot accurately predict that risk. For this reason, the aim of this article is to offer a model based on Deep Learning to predict the risk of mortality, especially in the fields of intensive care medicine, in order to make healthcare more efficient. The model consists of a Convolutional Neural Network that is divided into five stages, which contain nine hidden layers. In the proposed model we use quantitative methods in its processes. An experimental approach is given when comparing the predictive power of the proposed model to one of the most used models for predictions in ICU, the APACHE II. The data used were extracted from medical records available in the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care III (MIMIC III) database. In order to evaluate the performance of the models, measures of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) were used. After comparing the performance of the proposed model to the APACHE II, the proposed model presented positive results as it reached an AUC of more than 0,80, whereas the APACHE II reached an AUC of 0,71.
E2M2: Energy efficient mobility management in dense small cells with mobile edge computing

Merging mobile edge computing with the dense deployment of small cell base stations promises enormous benefits such as a real proximity, ultra-low latency access to cloud functionalities. However, the envisioned integration creates many new challenges and one of the most significant is mobility management, which is becoming a key bottleneck to the overall system performance. Simply applying existing solutions leads to poor performance due to the highly overlapped coverage areas of multiple base stations in the proximity of the user and the co-provisioning of radio access and computing services. In this paper, we develop a novel user-centric mobility management scheme, leveraging Lyapunov optimization and multi-armed bandits theories, in order to maximize the edge computation performance for the user while keeping the user's communication energy consumption below a constraint. The proposed scheme effectively handles the uncertainties present at multiple levels in the system and provides both short-term and long-term performance guarantee. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme can significantly improve the computation performance (compared to state of the art) while satisfying the communication energy constraint.
The Economic System Seen As A Living System: A Lotka-Volterra Framework

This paper describes the overall dynamic behavior of an economic system by viewing it as analogous to a living system with productive aims involv-ing goods and services. The focus is on the ubiquitous macro-behavior common to all production systems like a company, a state or a country. The mathematical structure utilized is the well-known Lotka-Volterra set of nonlinear differential equations connecting the physical production capac -ity and the corresponding production, both expressed in the same mon-etary basis. The novelty production factor is represented by the parameter variation utilized in the study of living systems. The example presented in this paper is the case of Brazil and the basic variables are the Capital Stock and the Gross Domestic Product. Aspects such as dissipative structures, economic non-equilibrium, multi-periodicity and irregularities in business cycles can be viewed within this simple approach. The model can be useful for analyzing investment policies and scenarios from an aggregated per-spective and thereby strategic assessment of entrepreneurial ventures in-cluding social entrepreneurship.
SME: Learning Automata-Based Algorithm for Estimating the Mobility Model of Soccer Players

Soccer model and relation of players and coach has been analyzed by a learning automata-based method, called soccer mobility estimator (SME), who estimates the mobility model of soccer players. During a soccer match, players play according to a certain program designed by coach. The pattern of players' mobility is not stochastic and it can be assumed that they are playing with a certain mobility model. Since knowledge about mobility model of nodes in mobile ad-hoc networks has a substantial effect on its performance evaluation, knowledge about mobility model of soccer players can be useful for coaches and experts for game analysis. In fact the mobility model of players could be an important parameter for assessment of team solidarity. Simulation results show that the mobility model of soccer players is similar, up to 66%, to the RPGM (reference point group mobility) mobility model.
K-means initial clustering center optimal algorithm based on estimating density and refining initial

The performance of K-means clustering algorithm strongly depends on the initial parameters. Based on the segmenting algorithm of density estimation and large scale data group segmenting algorithm of the initial value limitation, a new algorithm for initializing the cluster center is presented. The idea of segmenting base on density is combined with the idea of sampling and the new idea is presented. The accuracy of sampling is improved by averagely segmenting every dimension of the database. The speediness of the refining initial algorithm ensures the new algorithm has superiority on time. The experiment demonstrates that the new algorithm has superiority on time and accuracy with other algorithms.
Towards XML version control of office documents

Office applications such as OpenOffice and Microsoft Office are widely used to edit the majority of today's business documents: office documents. Usually, version control systems consider office documents as binary objects, thus severely hindering collaborative work. Since XML has become a de-facto standard for office applications, we focus on versioning office documents by structured XML version control approaches. This enables state-of-the-art version control for office documents.A basic prerequisite to XML version control is a diff algorithm, which detects structural changes between XML documents. In this paper, we evaluate state-of-the-art XML diff algorithms w.r. t. their suitability to OpenOffice XML documents and the future OASIS office document standard. It turns out that, due to the specific XML office format, a careful examination of the diff algorithm characteristics is necessary. Therefore, we identify important features for XML diff approaches to handle office documents. We have implemented a first OpenOffice versioning API that can be used in version control systems as a replacement for line-based or binary diffs, which are currently used.
Rateless code based multimedia multicasting with outage probability constraints

An unequal error protection (UEP) transmission scheme is proposed for multimedia multicasting systems employing a priority encoding transmission (PET)-based packetization structure [1] combined with rateless codes. Outage probability is analyzed for the layered multicast framework. A novel transmission scheme is proposed which is capable of minimizing the transmission cost while simultaneously guaranteeing outage probability constraints. Simulation results show that our proposed transmission scheme performs well in a multicasting system with transmission deadlines and asynchronous access start times.
Modèle d'équilibre des actifs financiers et autres facteurs de risque: le cas belge

La preoccupation principale pour tout investisseur est de pouvoir choisir les titres qui lui permettent de maximiser le rendement de son portefeuille tout en sachant qu’il existe un risque. Les principes fondamentaux de la constitution d’un portefeuille reposent donc constamment sur un arbitrage entre le risque de celui-ci et sa rentabilite. Le probleme consiste a trouver la combinaison d’actifs ayant le rapport rendement /risque optimal etant donne le niveau d’aversion pour le risque d’un investisseur.
Role of Ethylene and 1-MCP in Flower Development and Petal Abscission in Zonal Geraniums

Additional index words. petal shattering, flower senescence, ethephon, Pelargonium × hortorum Abstract. Geraniums are sensitive to ethylene during shipping and respond by abscising their petals. Treatment of stock plants with ethylene (ethephon) in order to increase cutting yield resulted in earlier flowering in Pelargonium × hortorum 'Kim' and 'Veronica', but did not result in increased susceptibility to petal abscission following exposure to 1.0 µL·L -1 ethylene. Treatment of 'Kim', 'Veronica', 'Fox', and 'Cotton Candy' with 1.0 µL·L -1 ethylene resulted in increased petal abscission within one hour, with 'Fox' being the most sensitive and 'Kim' the least. Pretreatment of florets with 1-MCP for 3, 6, 12, or 24 hours at concentrations of 0.1 or 1.0 µL·L -1 decreased petal abscission in all cultivars following exposure to 1.0 µL·L -1 ethylene. Treatment with 0.1 µL·L -1 1-MCP for 1 hour reduced petal abscission rates in ethylene treated florets to that of non-ethylene treated controls in all cultivars except Fox. 'Fox' florets, which are more sensitive to ethylene, required 12 to 24 hours of exposure to 1-MCP to reduce petal abscission rates to that of control flowers. Pretreatment of geranium plants with 1-MCP can be used to reduce petal shattering during shipping. Chemical names used: 2-chloroethanephosphonic acid (ethephon); 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). sensitivity of four zonal geranium cultivars to exogenous ethylene; and 3) to investigate the effectiveness of 1-MCP at preventing petal shattering in these cultivars.
“ Multi-toe ” interaction with a high-resolution multi-touch floor

In this paper, we propose extending interactive floors by integrating recent high-resolution multi-touch technology. This allows for a new class of systems that can recognize users based on their shoes, can distinguish foot postures and determine the state of individual toes, track users’ head positions based on the weight distribution across their feet, and allow users to interact while standing, sitting, kneeling, and lying. Copyright is held by the author/owner(s). CHI 2010, April 10–15, 2010, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. ACM 978-1-60558-930-5/10/04. Konstantin Kaefer konstantin.kaefer@student.hpi. uni-pot.sdam. de