Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finding Web Services

The Web is moving from a collection of static documents to a collection of services. For realizing service interchange the service-oriented architecture together with the Web Services technology are widely seen as the most promising fundament. As a result, considerable attention has been given, both in research and in industry, to Web Services and related technologies. While a significant number of papers have already been published in the area of semantic Web Service discovery, most of them are more concerned with a logical framework rather than providing a contribution that meets existing practical realities. In this paper, we take a different approach: first we provide an empirical analysis of approaches towards Web Service discovery that are in use and then we describe our methodology that is derived from current actualities in the area of publicly available Web Services. Finally we present our Web Service Search Engine prototype. By employing automated methods to obtain rich service descriptions it provides high quality search results on top of the largest pool of Web Services known so far.
Cryptic encrusting fauna inside invertebrate fossils from the Ordovician of Estonia

This is the first report of encrusted cryptic surfaces in the Ordovician of Estonia. Only bryozoans and cornulitids occurred in nautiloids and trilobites. Bryozoans were the dominant encrusters, in terms of both the number of specimens and the encrustation area. Stalked echinoderms are common on the hardgrounds in the Middle and Upper Ordovician of Baltica, but the restricted space in nautiloid living chambers and trilobites probably prevented colonization by stalked echinoderms. Cryptic surfaces in nautiloids and trilobites usually are somewhat more encrusted than the open surfaces of hardgrounds in the Ordovician of Estonia. Encrusters presumably favoured cryptic surfaces, as these were less accessible for predators and grazers. Low encrustation densities, compared to North American hard substrates, seem to be characteristic for the Ordovician Baltic Basin.
Detecting Local Audio-visual Synchrony in Monologues Utilizing Vocal Pitch and Facial Landmark Trajectories

We describe a novel approach for determining the audio-visual synchrony of a monologue video sequence utilizing vocal pitch and facial landmark trajectories as descriptors of the audio and visual modalities, respectively. The visual component is represented by the horizontal and vertical displacement of corresponding facial landmarks between subsequent frames. These facial landmarks are acquired using the statistical modeling technique, known as the Active Shape Model (ASM). The audio component is represented by the fundamental frequency, or pitch, obtained using the subharmonic-to-harmonic ratio (SHR). The synchrony between the audio and visual feature vectors is computed using Gaussian mutual information. The raw synchrony estimates obtained using this method may contain spurious synchrony values due to over-sensitivity. A filtering method is employed for discarding synchrony values that occur during non-associated audio/visual events. The human visual system is capable of distinguishing rigid and non-rigid motion of an articulator during speech. In an attempt to emulate this process, we separate rigid and non-rigid motion and compute the synchrony attributed to each. Experiments are conducted on a dataset of monologue video clip pairs. Each pair is composed of an asynchronous and synchronous version of the video clip. For the asynchronous video clips, the audio signal is displaced with respect to the visual signal. Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach is successful in detecting facial regions that demonstrate synchrony, and in distinguishing between synchronous and asynchronous sequences. c © 2009. The copyright of this document resides with its authors. It may be distributed unchanged freely in print or electronic forms. BMVC 2009 doi:10.5244/C.23. 10 2 CADAVID et al.: DETECTING LOCAL A-V SYNCHRONY IN MONOLOGUES
Enforcing robust declassification

Noninterference requires that there is no information flow from sensitive to public data in a given system. However, many systems perform intentional release of sensitive information as part of their correct functioning and therefore violate noninterference. To control information flow while permitting intentional information release, some systems have a downgrading or declassification mechanism. A major danger of such a mechanism is that it may cause unintentional information release. This paper shows that a robustness property can be used to characterize programs in which declassification mechanisms cannot be exploited by attackers to release more information than intended. It describes a simple way to provably enforce this robustness property through a type-based compile-time program analysis. The paper also presents a generalization of robustness that supports upgrading (endorsing) data integrity.
Occupational asthma and occupational rhinitis: the united airways disease model revisited

Objectives Whereas accumulating evidence indicates close associations between rhinitis and asthma, little is known about the relationships between occupational rhinitis (OR) and occupational asthma (OA). This study analyses the prevalence of OR associated with OA, globally and according to the various causal agents, and investigates the temporal relationships between these two conditions. Methods Data on incident cases of OA (2008–2010) were collected through the French national occupational disease surveillance and prevention network, using a standardised form including information on occupation, causal agents, presence of OR, and respective dates of occurrence of rhinitis and asthma. Results Among the 596 reported OA cases with latency period, 555 could be attributed to identified agents: high molecular weight (HMW) agents (n=174); low molecular weight (LMW) agents (n=381). Overall, OR was associated with OA in 324 (58.4%) cases. The frequency of association was significantly higher for HMW agents than for LMW agents (72.2% vs 51.5%, p<0.001). OR occurred before OA significantly more frequently for HMW agents than for LMW agents (p<0.01). Conclusions These results show that OR is frequently associated with OA, especially when HMW agents are involved. They are consistent with the hypothesis that OR, in conjunction with OA, is more likely to be caused by sensitisers that cause disease via IgE-mediated mechanisms and suggest that symptoms of OR should be taken into account in the medical surveillance of workers exposed to HMW agents.
Memory impairment in schizophrenia – a comparison with that observed in the Alcoholic Korsakoff Syndrome

Synopsis Until very recently, memory impairment was not considered to be a central feature of schizophrenia, except in chronic, deteriorated patients. In this study of a heterogeneous sample of 40 patients with DSM-III-R schizophrenia, episodic memory impairment was found to be prevalent, and in some cases, severe. The degree of memory impairment was not attributable to neuroleptic or anticholinergic medication, or to poor motivation or cooperation. These results, therefore, replicate those reported by McKenna et al. (1990) and Tamlyn et al. (1992), who suggested that the pattern of memory impairment in schizophrenia may conform in important respects to that of the classic amnesic syndrome. However, in a direct comparison of the schizophrenic sample with 18 patients suffering from the Alcoholic Korsakoff Syndrome (AKS), both quantitative and qualitative differences were found to exist between the two groups of patients. In particular, the level of long-term episodic memory impairment was found in the AKS sample to be far greater than that in the schizophrenic group. An interesting possible double-dissociation emerged between the two groups; although demonstrating superior episodic memory functioning, the schizophrenic sample were found to perform significantly more poorly than the AKS sample on a test of semantic memory.
An Information-Theoretic External Cluster-Validity Measure

In this paper we propose a measure of clustering quality or accuracy that is appropriate in situations where it is desirable to evaluate a clustering algorithm by somehow comparing the clusters it produces with ``ground truth' consisting of classes assigned to the patterns by manual means or some other means in whose veracity there is confidence. Such measures are refered to as ``external'. Our measure also has the characteristic of allowing clusterings with different numbers of clusters to be compared in a quantitative and principled way. Our evaluation scheme quantitatively measures how useful the cluster labels of the patterns are as predictors of their class labels. In cases where all clusterings to be compared have the same number of clusters, the measure is equivalent to the mutual information between the cluster labels and the class labels. In cases where the numbers of clusters are different, however, it computes the reduction in the number of bits that would be required to encode (compress) the class labels if both the encoder and decoder have free acccess to the cluster labels. To achieve this encoding the estimated conditional probabilities of the class labels given the cluster labels must also be encoded. These estimated probabilities can be seen as a model for the class labels and their associated code length as a model cost.
Caregiver Burden in Alzheimer's Disease: Differential Associations in Adult-Child and Spousal Caregivers in the GERAS Observational Study

Background/Aims: To examine factors influencing the caregiver burden in adult-child and spousal caregivers of community-dwelling patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: Baseline data from the 18-month, prospective, observational GERAS study of 1,497 patients with AD in France, Germany, and the UK were used. Analyses were performed on two groups of caregivers: spouses (n = 985) and adult children (n = 405). General linear models estimated patient and caregiver factors associated with subjective caregiver burden assessed using the Zarit Burden Interview. Results: The caregiver burden increased with AD severity. Adult-child caregivers experienced a higher burden than spousal caregivers despite spending less time caring. Worse patient functional ability and more caregiver distress were independently associated with a greater burden in both adult-child and spousal caregivers. Additional factors were differentially associated with a greater caregiver burden in both groups. In adult-child caregivers these were: living with the patient, patient living in an urban location, and patient with a fall in the past 3 months; in spouses the factors were: caregiver gender (female) and age (younger), and more years of patient education. Conclusion: The perceived burden differed between adult-child and spousal caregivers, and specific patient and caregiver factors were differentially associated with this burden.
Composite Path Algebras for Solving Path Problems in Graphs

Path problems in graphs can generally be formulated and solved by using an algebraic structure whose instances are called path algebras. Each type of path problem is characterized by a different instance of the structure. This paper proposes a method for combining already known path algebras into new ones. The obtained composite algebras can be applied to solve relatively complex path problems, such as explicit identification of optimal paths or multi-criteria optimization. The paper presents proofs showing that the proposed construction is correct. Also, prospective applications of composite algebras are illustrated by examples. Finally, the paper explores possibilities of making the construction more general.
Meta‐Analysis of Computer‐Aided Psychotherapy: Problems and Partial Solutions

Meta‐analysis can be valuable if it heeds its originators' caution that intimate communing with the data is essential. A critique of the authors' own meta‐analysis shows that the danger of overly broad conclusions could be reduced by attention to specificities and awareness of potentially hidden sources of variance. Conclusions from even good meta‐analyses are best placed in perspective, along with naturalistic reviews, open studies, and even anecdotes to yield a fair picture of what computer‐aided psychotherapy or any other treatment can achieve under varying conditions. The most realistic picture comes from zooming in and out and melding meta‐analyses with further types of evidence.
Association of embryonic antigens with experimentally induced hepatic lesions in the rat.

Summary Short-term hepatic injury was produced in rats by single i.p. injections of N -dimethylnitrosoamine, carbon tetrachloride, and cadmium sulfate, or by partial hepatectomy. In all cases, the animals responded with varying serum titers of embryonic α 2 -glycoprotein which could be detected as early as 24 hours after the treatment. Antigen LA, another embryonic constituent, was never detected under the above conditions. Long-term hepatic injury was produced by oral ingestion of carcinogenic aminoazo dyes, N -dimethylnitrosoamine and aflatoxin B 1 , and by noncarcinogenic analogs of aminoazo dyes. The lesions induced were those classically obtained following such treatments: hepatocarcinoma, bile-duct carcinoma, cirrhosis, hepatitis, etc. The embryonic α 2 -glycoprotein was associated with all these lesions, whereas Antigen LA was specifically associated with rats bearing hepatocarcinomas. Neither Antigen LA nor the α 2 -glycoprotein were found in rats bearing tumors of other organs than the liver. Lipoprotein-esterase was increased in the majority of sera of rats with these various hepatic lesions.
On $l$-adic families of cuspidal representations of $\GL_2(\Q_p)$

We compute the universal deformations of cuspidal representations $\pi$ of $\GL_2(F)$ over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $l$, where $F$ is a local field of residue characteristic $p$ not equal to $l$. When $\pi$ is supercuspidal there is an irreducible, two-dimensional representation $\rho$ of $G_F$ that corresponds to $\pi$ by the mod $l$ local Langlands correspondence of Vign{\'e}ras; we show there is a natural isomorphism between the universal deformation rings of $\pi$ and $\rho$ that induces the usual local Langlands correspondence on characteristic zero points. Our work establishes certain cases of a conjecture of Emerton.
Time of closure of ductus venosus in term and preterm neonates

AIM To investigate the relation between gestational age, birth weight, and antenatal corticosteroid administration and the time of ductus venosus closure. METHODS Ninety eight neonates of 30–41 weeks gestational age were studied by daily ultrasonography until ductus venosus closure. RESULTS In neonates of 30–33 weeks gestational age, the ductus venosus closed at 6.0 (2.4)days (mean (SD)); in those of 34–36 weeks gestational age, it closed at 6.1 (2.8) days; and in those of 37–41 weeks gestational age, it closed at 4.2 (2.1) days. The effect of antenatal administration of corticosteroids on the time of closure was also investigated in neonates of 30–34 weeks gestational age. Closure occurred by 5.5 (2.4) days in the group given corticosteroids compared with 7.5 (2.1) days in the remainder. CONCLUSIONS The ductus venosus closed sooner after birth in neonates of greater gestational age or higher birth weight. Antenatal corticosteroid administration had a significant effect in promoting closure.
Correction to ‘Metabolomics of reef benthic interactions reveals a bioactive lipid involved in coral defence’

[ Proc. R. Soc. B 283 , 20160469. (2016; Published 27 April 2016) ([doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.0469][2])][2] Owing to a publisher processing error, the incorrect figure files for figures [5][2] and [6][3] were included in the published article [[1][4]]. The correct figures are included here. [Figure
Orientation-dependent acceleration sensitivity of silicon-based MEMS resonators

In this paper, the effect of crystalline orientation on acceleration sensitivity of silicon-based microelectromechanical resonators is investigated for the first time. In addition, the correlation between the nonlinearity of the resonators and the corresponding acceleration sensitivity is experimentally demonstrated. For this purpose, thin-film piezoelectric-on-substrate (TPOS) resonators are fabricated aligned to three different crystalline orientations: <;100>, <;110>, and 5 degree off <;110> on the same highly-doped n-type silicon wafer. Based on our measurement results, both the amplitude-frequency nonlinear behavior and acceleration sensitivity of the resonators decrease as the resonators are rotated from <;100> toward <;110>. The average acceleration sensitivity measured for the resonator aligned to the <;110> plane is ~4×10-1° which is two orders of magnitude lower than the recorded sensitivity for the device aligned to the <;100> plane (~4.4×10-8).
Adaptive Solution of Operator Equations Using Wavelet Frames

In "Adaptive wavelet methods II---Beyond the elliptic case" of Cohen, Dahmen, and DeVore [Found. Comput. Math., 2 (2002), pp. 203--245], an adaptive method has been developed for solving general operator equations. Using a Riesz basis of wavelet type for the energy space, the operator equation is transformed into an equivalent matrix-vector system. This system is solved iteratively, where the application of the infinite stiffness matrix is replaced by an adaptive approximation. Assuming that the stiffness matrix is sufficiently compressible, i.e., that it can be sufficiently well approximated by sparse matrices, it was proved that the adaptive method has optimal computational complexity in the sense that it converges with the same rate as the best N-term approximation for the solution, assuming that the latter would be explicitly available. The condition concerning compressibility requires that, dependent on their order, the wavelets have sufficiently many vanishing moments, and that they be sufficiently smooth. However, except on tensor product domains, wavelets that satisfy this smoothness requirement are not easy to construct. In this paper we write the domain or manifold on which the operator equation is posed as an overlapping union of subdomains, each of them being the image under a smooth parametrization of the hypercube. By lifting wavelets on the hypercube to the subdomains, we obtain a {\em frame} for the energy space. With this frame the operator equation is transformed into a matrix-vector system, after which this system is solved iteratively by an adaptive method similar to the one from the work of Cohen, Dahmen, and DeVore. With this approach, frame elements that have sufficiently many vanishing moments and are sufficiently smooth, something needed for the compressibility, are easily constructed. By handling additional difficulties due to the fact that a frame gives rise to an underdetermined matrix-vector system, we prove that this adaptive method has optimal computational complexity.
Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with conduct, depressive, anxiety, and other disorders.

OBJECTIVE Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a heterogeneous disorder of unknown etiology. Little is known about the comorbidity of this disorder with disorders other than conduct. Therefore, the authors made a systematic search of the psychiatric and psychological literature for empirical studies dealing with the comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with other disorders. DATA COLLECTION The search terms included hyperactivity, hyperkinesis, attention deficit disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cross-referenced with antisocial disorder (aggression, conduct disorder, antisocial disorder), depression (depression, mania, depressive disorder, bipolar), anxiety (anxiety disorder, anxiety), learning problems (learning, learning disability, academic achievement), substance abuse (alcoholism, drug abuse), mental retardation, and Tourette's disorder. FINDINGS The literature supports considerable comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, learning disabilities, and other disorders, such as mental retardation, Tourette's syndrome, and borderline personality disorder. CONCLUSIONS Subgroups of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder might be delineated on the basis of the disorder's comorbidity with other disorders. These subgroups may have differing risk factors, clinical courses, and pharmacological responses. Thus, their proper identification may lead to refinements in preventive and treatment strategies. Investigation of these issues should help to clarify the etiology, course, and outcome of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Empirical Evidence for the Effect of Airline Travel on Inter-Regional Influenza Spread in the United States

Background The influence of air travel on influenza spread has been the subject of numerous investigations using simulation, but very little empirical evidence has been provided. Understanding the role of airline travel in large-scale influenza spread is especially important given the mounting threat of an influenza pandemic. Several recent simulation studies have concluded that air travel restrictions may not have a significant impact on the course of a pandemic. Here, we assess, with empirical data, the role of airline volume on the yearly inter-regional spread of influenza in the United States. Methods and Findings We measured rate of inter-regional spread and timing of influenza in the United States for nine seasons, from 1996 to 2005 using weekly influenza and pneumonia mortality from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Seasonality was characterized by band-pass filtering. We found that domestic airline travel volume in November (mostly surrounding the Thanksgiving holiday) predicts the rate of influenza spread (r 2 = 0.60; p = 0.014). We also found that international airline travel influences the timing of influenza mortality (r 2 = 0.59; p = 0.016). The flight ban in the US after the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001, and the subsequent depression of the air travel market, provided a natural experiment for the evaluation of flight restrictions; the decrease in air travel was associated with a delayed and prolonged influenza season. Conclusions We provide the first empirical evidence for the role of airline travel in long-range dissemination of influenza. Our results suggest an important influence of international air travel on the timing of influenza introduction, as well as an influence of domestic air travel on the rate of inter-regional influenza spread in the US. Pandemic preparedness strategies should account for a possible benefit of airline travel restrictions on influenza spread.
The Mental Representation of Hand Movements After Parietal Cortex Damage

Recent neuroimagery findings showed that the patterns of cerebral activation during the mental rehearsal of a motor act are similar to those produced by its actual execution. This concurs with the notion that part of the distributed neural activity taking place during movement involves internal simulations, but it is not yet clear what specific contribution the different brain areas involved bring to this process. Here, patients with lesions restricted to the parietal cortex were found to be impaired selectively at predicting, through mental imagery, the time necessary to perform differentiated finger movements and visually guided pointing gestures, in comparison to normal individuals and to a patient with damage to the primary motor area. These results suggest that the parietal cortex is important for the ability to generate mental movement representations.