Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Provenance in Manually Curated Databases

Many curated databases are constructed by scientists integrating various existing data sources. Most current approaches to provenance in databases are based on views and fail to take account of the added value of the work done by scientists in manually creating and modifying data. Capturing provenance in such an environment is a challenging problem, requiring changes in practice, changes to existing software, and crucially, a good model of the process of curation.
Tracking Time Evolution of Collective Attention Clusters in Twitter: Time Evolving Nonnegative Matrix Factorisation

Micro-blogging services, such as Twitter, offer opportunities to analyse user behaviour. Discovering and distinguishing behavioural patterns in micro-blogging services is valuable. However, it is difficult and challenging to distinguish users, and to track the temporal development of collective attention within distinct user groups in Twitter. In this paper, we formulate this problem as tracking matrices decomposed by Nonnegative Matrix Factorisation for time-sequential matrix data, and propose a novel extension of Nonnegative Matrix Factorisation, which we refer to as Time Evolving Nonnegative Matrix Factorisation (TENMF). In our method, we describe users and words posted in some time interval by a matrix, and use several matrices as time-sequential data. Subsequently, we apply Time Evolving Nonnegative Matrix Factorisation to these time-sequential matrices. TENMF can decompose time-sequential matrices, and can track the connection among decomposed matrices, whereas previous NMF decomposes a matrix into two lower dimension matrices arbitrarily, which might lose the time-sequential connection. Our proposed method has an adequately good performance on artificial data. Moreover, we present several results and insights from experiments using real data from Twitter.
An Ensemble Approach to Investigate Tropical Cyclone Intensification in Sheared Environments. Part I: Katia (2011)

AbstractThe mechanisms responsible for tropical cyclone (TC) intensification in the presence of moderate vertical shear magnitudes are not well understood. To investigate how TCs intensify in spite of moderate shear, this study employed a 96-member ensemble generated with the Advanced Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (AHW) Model. In this first part, AHW ensemble forecasts for TC Katia (2011) were evaluated when Katia was a weak tropical storm in an environment of 12 m s−1 easterly shear. The 5-day AHW forecasts for Katia were characterized by large variability in the intensity, presenting an opportunity to compare the underlying mechanisms between two subsets of members that predicted different intensity scenarios: intensification and weakening. The key difference between these two subsets was found in the lower-tropospheric moisture north of Katia (i.e., right-of-shear quadrant). With more water vapor in the lower troposphere, buoyant updrafts helped to moisten the midtroposphere and enhanced t.
The Development of International Insurance

Introduction: Towards an International History of Insurance - Robin Pearson Part I: Non-Life Insurance 1 The Marine Insurance Market for British Textile Exports to the River Plate and Chile, c.1810-1850 - Manuel Llorca-Jana 2 Actuarial Practice, Probabilistic Thinking and Actuarial Science in Private Casualty Insurance - Christofer Stadlin 3 The Difficulties of Spanish Insurance Companies to Modernize during the Franco Years: The Mechanism of Administrative Tasks and the Introduction of the First Computers, 1950-70 - Jeronia Pons Pons 4 Multilateral Insurance Liberalization, 1948-2008 - Welf Werner Part II: Life, Health and Social Insurance 5 Policyholders in the Early Business of Japanese Life Assurance: A Demand-Side Study - Takau Yoneyama 6 Industrial Life Insurance and the Cost of Dying: The Role of Endowment and Whole Life Insurance in Anglo-Saxon and European Countries during the late Nineteenth and early Twentieth Centuries - Liselotte Eriksson 7 From Economic to Political Reality: Forming a Nationalized Indian Life Insurance Market - Adrian Jitschin 8 Life Offices to the Rescue! A History of the Role of Life Assurance in the South African Economy during the Twentieth Century - Grietjie Verhoef 9 Competing Globalizations: Controversies between Private and Social Insurance at International Organizations, 1900-60 - Martin Lengwiler
Training effects on the divergent thinking attitudes of South American managers

A field experiment made a preliminary investigation of the effects of training Chilean managers in creative problem solving. Two attitudes associated with divergent thinking practice (an important aspect of creative problem solving) were measured before and after training. This research establishes the Spanish translations of the two attitudinal measures. It also indicates that the paradigms and methods of similar training provided in previous Japanese and North American research are applicable to South American managers. The experimental group (n = 149) showed significant gains on both measures versus a control group. Future directions for research include increasing the reliability of the Spanish versions of the two attitudinal measures and extending the training effect investigation beyond attitude changes to include behaviour changes and long term persistence and portability to the job. 2 TRAINING EFFECIS ON THE DIVERGENT THINKING ATTITUDES OF soum AMERICAN MANAGERS
Amplified single-nucleotide polymorphisms and a (GA)(n) microsatellite marker reveal genetic differentiation between populations of Histoplasma capsulatum from the Americas.

Histoplasma capsulatum has a worldwide distribution but is particularly concentrated in the midwestern United States and throughout Central and South America. Genetic differences between isolates resident in separate parts of the world have been reported, but the relationship between the isolates and the level of migration between different endemic foci has not been clear. In this study we used multilocus genotypes based on amplified polymorphic loci and one microsatellite to quantify the level of genetic differentiation occurring between North and South American populations of H. capsulatum. Significant genetic differentiation occurred between isolates obtained from Indiana and Alabama, and a marked division was seen between the Indiana population and the Class 1 isolates from St. Louis. Strong genetic differentiation occurred between the two North American populations and the Colombian population. This study supports the separation of North and South American H. capsulatum into different species, which has been proposed under the phylogenetic species concept.
Ectopic Expression of GsPPCK3 and SCMRP in Medicago sativa Enhances Plant Alkaline Stress Tolerance and Methionine Content

So far, it has been suggested that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylases (PEPCs) and PEPC kinases (PPCKs) fulfill several important non-photosynthetic functions. However, the biological functions of soybean PPCKs, especially in alkali stress response, are not yet well known. In previous studies, we constructed a Glycine soja transcriptional profile, and identified three PPCK genes (GsPPCK1, GsPPCK2 and GsPPCK3) as potential alkali stress responsive genes. In this study, we confirmed the induced expression of GsPPCK3 under alkali stress and investigated its tissue expression specificity by using quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Then we ectopically expressed GsPPCK3 in Medicago sativa and found that GsPPCK3 overexpression improved plant alkali tolerance, as evidenced by lower levels of relative ion leakage and MDA content and higher levels of chlorophyll content and root activity. In this respect, we further co-transformed the GsPPCK3 and SCMRP genes into alfalfa, and demonstrated the increased alkali tolerance of GsPPCK3-SCMRP transgenic lines. Further investigation revealed that GsPPCK3-SCMRP co-overexpression promoted the PEPC activity, net photosynthetic rate and citric acid content of transgenic alfalfa under alkali stress. Moreover, we also observed the up-regulated expression of PEPC, CS (citrate synthase), H+-ATPase and NADP-ME genes in GsPPCK3-SCMRP transgenic alfalfa under alkali stress. As expected, we demonstrated that GsPPCK3-SCMRP transgenic lines displayed higher methionine content than wild type alfalfa. Taken together, results presented in this study supported the positive role of GsPPCK3 in plant response to alkali stress, and provided an effective way to simultaneously improve plant alkaline tolerance and methionine content, at least in legume crops.
Transient Analysis of Data Traffic in Cognitive Radio Networks: A Non-Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics Approach

In contrast to traditional communication networks, the data traffic of cognitive radio network is interrupted by primary users. To evaluate the impact of primary user activities, the transient data traffic dynamics of cognitive radio networks, after being interrupted by primary users, are studied. The Onsager's regression approach, a powerful principle in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, is applied. The autocorrelation function in the equilibrium state is used to study the time evolution of system deviation from the equilibrium state, according to the principle of Onsager's regression. Analytic approximations have been derived for the autocorrelation function for both generic and fluid approximation cases. Numerical simulations are carried out for a Jackson network model. The validity of the Onsager's regression is verified. The derived approximation of the correlation function is demonstrated to match the true value at the beginning of the relaxation. A scheduling algorithm for fast recovery of equilibrium is also proposed and demonstrated by numerical results.
The pharmacokinetics of anthocyanins and their metabolites in humans

Anthocyanins are phytochemicals with reported vasoactive bioactivity. However, given their instability at neutral pH, they are presumed to undergo significant degradation and subsequent biotransformation. The aim of the present study was to establish the pharmacokinetics of the metabolites of cyanidin‐3‐glucoside (C3G), a widely consumed dietary phytochemical with potential cardioprotective properties.
MAKAMCYCLE: IMPROVING THE UNDERSTANDING OF TURKISH MAKAM MUSIC THROUGH THE MEDIACYCLE FRAMEWORK

The goal of this project is to investigate the challenges of creating a tool to aid people of diverse profiles, from musicology experts and music information retrieval (MIR) specialists, to the interested non-technical users outside these fields in understanding traditional makam music of Turkey. We aim at providing a “playground” approach, with which MIR specialists can easily validate algorithms for feature extraction, clustering and visualization, and non-technical users can navigate by easily varying parameters and triggering audiovisual previews. We adapted the MediaCycle framework for organization of media files by similarity. AudioCycle, its audio application, allows users to cluster a large number of audio files against a subset of extracted audio features, visualized in a 2D space through positions, distances, colors. Transitions between parametric changes are animated, which helps the user create and retain a mental model of the sounds and their relationships. For our proof-of-concept, we defined our use case as detecting makamlar (plural) from makam music. We integrated the “pitch histogram” technique proposed by Bozkurt et. al as a feature extraction plugin in AudioCycle to meet this goal.
Organizational structure and corporate performance

The development of the large modern corporation, and the separation of ownership from control, has raised questions about the objectives these companies set themselves. Discusses the markets and hierarchies model of organizational structures. Analyses the claim that specific organizational structures lead to superior profitability. Concludes that relatively few firms have adopted the structure claimed to yield the highest profits and that there is no evidence to support the view that internal structure and profitability are linked in the manner described by the model.
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd), from Nutritional Value to Potential Health Benefits: An Integrative Review

Chenopodium quinoa Willd, known as quinoa, has been cultivated and consumed by humans for the last 5,000-7,000 years. Quinoa was important to pre-Columbian Andean civilizations, as the Incas considered it a gift from their gods. Quinoa has potential health benefits and exceptional nutritional value: a high concentration of protein (all essential amino acids highly bioavailable), unsaturated fatty acids, a low glycemic index; vitamins, minerals and other beneficial compounds; it is also gluten-free; furthermore, quinoa is a sustainable food, as plants exhibit a carbon and water food print that is between 30 and 60 times lower than that of beef. Quinoa is easy to cook, has versatility in preparation, and could be cultivated in different environments. For these reasons, quinoa, previously considered a food of low social prestige, is now the focus of attention of many countries worldwide. However, few studies exist on quinoa or quinoa compounds, in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials, for assessing its potential clinical applications supported by strong scientific evidence; thus, there is a need for well-designed clinical trials and increased scientific research in this field.
Cooperative spectrum sharing protocol based on transform domain processing with joint secondary selection and power allocation

In order to reduce interference to the primary system and further improve the spectrum efficiency, the Fractional Fourier Transform is introduced as a tool to solve the spectrum sharing problem and a new spectrum sharing protocol is proposed in this paper where sinusoidal signals and chirp signals are utilized for primary users and cognitive users, respectively. In our spectrum sharing protocol, secondary users take the initiative to access the spectrum or act as a DF relay to assist the primary system adaptively according to the channel conditions of the direct transmission link. Moreover, the joint optimization of power allocation and user selection of distributed secondary users is studied to achieve the maximum achievable data rate for the secondary system while guaranteeing the target data rate of primary user. Simulation results show that compared with previous protocols, the outage probability of both primary and secondary systems can be improved, and with an increase in the number of secondary users, a higher achievable data rate can be obtained for the secondary system.
Outward FDI, Capital Flows, and Economic Growth

This paper examines the impacts of outward FDI on the home country's growth rate via the employment channel. In the overlapping generations framework, this paper shows that the impacts of FDI on the home country's growth are different in the short run and in the long run. Moreover, the relative technology level and the economic conditions of the host country are crucial in determining outward FDI and the home country's growth. The policies which would improve the home country's technology and direct FDI to the host countries with certain economic conditions would promote growth without restricting FDI. The paper suggests that by including the measurements to distinguish between the short-run and the long-run effects and identifying the host countries and their economic conditions, some existing inconsistent empirical results on the effects of outward FDI may be explained.
DISSEMINATED SCLEROSIS TREATED WITH ISONIAZID WITH A METHOD OF EVALUATING CHRONIC NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS

Material Eleven patients suffering from undoubted disseminated sclerosis were studied. They had all been seen on account of a recent relapse, or, in one case, because of steady deterioration; patients manifesting the initial features of the disease were not included. Five were men and six were women with ages ranging from 27 to 48 years (mean 38 years). The disease had been present for periods of two to 21 years with a mean duration of 10. However, in only one case had it been progressive from the onset, the remainder having experienced several relapses before permanent disability appeared; the mean duration of the latter was five years. In all but one an aggravation of the existing deficits or the appearance of new features had occurred within the last two years-the average for this being nine and a third months.
Enhance internet routing availability with multipath inter-domain routing

As the fundamental of Internet architecture, inter-domain routing and its availability are the concern of the community. The de facto inter-domain routing protocol, BGP, selects and announces only single route for each destination prefix. That will lead to when router or link failure occurs, network experience unavailability, even if feasible path exists. To address this issue, some proposals speed up the routing protocol convergence to reduce the transient loss of reachability during route convergence. In this paper, we present the multipath inter-domain routing by revising the current BGP protocol. The basic ideas is to add the MULTIPATH capability option to BGP protocol for supporting the negotiation between BGP peers, and modify the routing decision process for permitting route announce candidate routes to its neighbor routers. Our proposal provides the backwards compatible with the traditional BGP systems. The benefits of the scheme are demonstrated using the realistic simulations.
Effect of Gefarnate on Endogenous Prostaglandin E2 and Thromboxane in Water-immersed Rats

The level of endogenous prostacyclin (PGI2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) in rat gastric mucosa was determined by radioimmunoassay to examine whether gefarnate, an antiulcer agent, maintained the endogenous prostaglandin (PG) level in rats subjected to water-immersion stress. Seven-hr immersion induced gastric lesions and a marked reduction in PGI2 and PGE2. When gefarnate was injected subcutaneously before stress exposure, the mean ulcer index was reduced and the PGI2 and PGE2 levels were maintained. Our results suggest that the reduction of endogenous PGI2 and PGE2 is a major factor in water-immersion-induced ulcers in rats, and that gefarnate inhibits this ulcer formation by inhibiting a reduction in those PGs induced by water-immersion stress prostacyclin (PGI2); prostaglandin E2 (PGE2); thromboxane A2 (TXA2); gefarnate; gastric mucosa Exogenous prostaglandins (PGs) stimulate defensive factors in gastric mucosa Kobayashi et al. 1981b), exposure to water-immersion stress (Arakawa et al. 1981a), and CC14 liver damage (Nakamura et al. 1981) reduce the endogenous PG level in gastric mucosa, suggesting that PGs play an important role in susceptibility or resistance to gastric mucosal injury. Therefore, the maintenance of normal endogenous PG levels which are reduced by some ulcerogens seems to inhibit ulcer formation. We subjected rats to water-immersion stress, thereby reducing the endogenous PG levels in the gastric mucosa, and examined whether an antiulcer agent, gefarnate, could inhibit this PG reduction.
Kapitalskatterna och den kreativa förstörelsen

Medan arbetsskatternas utveckling over tiden tidigare studerats har fa ekonomer beraknat kapitalskatternas utveckling och lonsamheten av att aga aktier eller att driva smaforetag och genom successionen kunna behalla dessa i familjens ago. I denna uppsats beraknas kapitalskattekilar, effektiva skattesatser, realavkastning efter skatt samt arvsskatt for ett typfamiljeforetag samtliga ar under perioden 1970-2002. Studien visar att kapitalskatterna de flesta ar dragit in over 80 procent av den reala kapitalavkastningen. Det stora undantaget ar 1994 nar den borgerliga regeringen slopade dubbelbeskattningen av utdelad vinst och formogenhetsskatten pa arbetande kapital och drygt halverade reavinstskatten. Det har under storsta delen av perioden varit helt olonsamt att driva familjeforetagande utom for verksamheter med exceptionell lonsamhet fore skatt. I och med tillkomsten av famansforetagsreglerna 1991 har utvecklingen for framgangsrika entreprenorer forsvarats genom att de beskattas hardare an vanliga aktieagare.
A Probabilistic Multimedia Retrieval Model

Acknowledgement It was my first time living abroad alone for so long time. After making the decision to join the international master program in Amsterdam, I flied away from Shanghai and entered a brand new life. In the beginning, life was so hard for me. Everything was different, no friends, no family, whatsoever. Most depressing thing was that the study was so tough which is unexpected that made me nearly give it up. I think if I didn't have my mentor Dr. Jaap Kaandorp and program coordinator Mrs. Corinne Van den Brink around, I would not be able to carry on till now, therefore, I would like to thank them. Joining CWI was really a nice surprise and pleasure for me. I never thought one day I can work in such a good research institute even if it is only an internship. I would like to thanks to my supervisor Dr. Arjen P. de Vries for giving this precious chance firstly and thanks for his warm encouragement and help during this work. I did enjoy my time in CWI. It is really " center of intelligence ". I am always impressed by the creativity of CWI people, that was also encouragement for me to move on. This working experience is also helpful for my future. It has been such a pleasure to meet so many nice people, especially Thijs West-erveld, Roberto Cornacchia etc. I would like to thank them for all the kind help they gave me during the last 8 months and apologise for my everlasting questions, which made lots of extra workload for them. I also would like to take this opportunity to thank all the other people in my faculty and CWI. I am glad to know all of you and to have been working with you. That is my pleasure and good memory in my life. I also would like to thank my classmates. We have been such a nice company, even if we only have 7 left in the end. All your accompany made the study life in Amsterdam great. Finally I would like to thank my family and friends who are in Shanghai. Even though we are so far away from each other, mentally we are so close, that I have 3 known you are always beside me. I am not alone, I have all of your greetings which bless me to spend the …
Is the distribution of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus ecotypes in the Mediterranean Sea affected by global warming

Abstract. Biological communities populating the Mediterranean Sea, which is situated at the northern boundary of the subtropics, are often claimed to be particularly affected by global warming. This is indicated, for instance, by the introduction of (sub)tropical species of fish or invertebrates that can displace local species. This raises the question of whether microbial communities are similarly affected, especially in the Levantine basin where sea surface temperatures have significantly risen over the last 25 years (0.50 ± 0.11 °C in average per decade, P