Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An adaptive method for detection and correction of errors in PMU measurements

PMU data are expected to be GPS-synchronized measurements with highly accurate magnitude and phase angle information. However, this potential accuracy is not always achieved in actual field installations due to various causes. It has been observed in some PMU measurements that the voltage and current phasors are corrupted by noise and bias errors. This paper presents a novel method for detection and correction of errors in PMU measurements with the concept of calibration factors. The proposed method uses nonlinear optimal estimation theory to calculate calibration factor using a traditional model of an untransposed transmission line with unbalanced load. This method is intended to work as a pre-filtering scheme that can significantly improve the accuracy of the PMU measurement for further use in system state estimation, transient stability monitoring, wide area protection, etc. Case studies based on simulated data are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
Clinical and economic consequences of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A systematic review

Background:Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common nosocomial infection in critically ill patients. The clinical and economic consequences of VAP are unclear, with a broad range of values reported in the literature Objective:To perform a systematic review to determine the incidence of VAP and its attributable mortality rate, length of stay, and costs. Data Source:Computerized PUBMED and MEDLINE search supplemented by manual searches for relevant articles, limited to articles published after 1990. Study Selection:English-language observational studies and randomized trials that provided data on the incidence of VAP were included. Matched cohort studies were included for calculation of attributable mortality rate and length of stay. Data Extraction:Data were extracted on patient population, diagnostic criteria for VAP, incidence, outcome, type of intensive care unit, and study design. Data Synthesis:The cumulative incidence of VAP was calculated by combining the results of several studies using standard formulas for combining proportions, in which the weighted average and variance are calculated. Results from studies comparing intensive care unit and hospital mortality due to VAP, additional length of stay, and additional days of mechanical ventilation were pooled using a random effects model, with assessment of heterogeneity. Results:Our findings indicate a) between 10% and 20% of patients receiving >48 hrs of mechanical ventilation will develop VAP; b) critically ill patients who develop VAP appear to be twice as likely to die compared with similar patients without VAP (pooled odds ratio, 2.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.16–3.56); c) patients with VAP have significantly longer intensive care unit lengths of stay (mean = 6.10 days; 95% confidence interval, 5.32–6.87 days); and d) patients who develop VAP incur ≥$10,019 in additional hospital costs. Conclusions:Ventilator-associated pneumonia occurs in a considerable proportion of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation and is associated with substantial morbidity, a two-fold mortality rate, and excess cost. Given these findings, strategies that effectively prevent VAP are urgently needed. LEARNING OBJECTIVESOn completion of this article, the reader should be able to: Define the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in mechanically ventilated patients. Explain the economic consequences of VAP. Use this information in a clinical setting. All authors have disclosed that they have no financial relationships or interests in any commercial companies pertaining to this educational activity. Wolters Kluwer Health has identified and resolved all faculty conflicts of interest regarding this educational activity. Visit the Critical Care Medicine Web site (www.ccmjournal.org) for information on obtaining continuing medical education credit.
Cognitive profiles of difficult-to-remediate and readily remediated poor readers : Early intervention as a vehicle for distinguishing between cognitive and experiential deficits as basic causes of specific Reading disability

Reading impaired first graders were given daily tutoring as a first cut diagnostic to aid in distinguishing between reading difficulties caused by basic cognitive deficits and those caused by experiential deficits. Reading achievement in most of these children was found to be within or above the average range after one semester of remediation. Children who were difficult to remediate performed below both children who were readily remediated and normal readers on kindergarten and first-grade tests evaluating phonological skills, but not on tests evaluating visual, semantic and syntactic skills. The results are consistent with convergent findings from previous research suggesting that reading problems in some poor readers may be caused primarily by phonological deficits.
Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma of the mandible. Is adjuvant therapy still necessary to improve a 5-year survival rate?

teeth and peridontium mean that it is becoming the preferred method of MMF by many of our surgical colleagues. We treat a number of patients with segmental maxillary arch fractures as a part of a more complex skeletal injury. Recently, we have utilized a pre-fashioned dental splint in conjunction with Hybrid MMF system to achieve intraoperative reduction of the fractured alveolar housing to re-establish occlusion. Following reduction and fixation of the rest of the facial skeleton, the MMF system is left in place with the splint wired to the maxillary portion. Once wired to the stable maxillary appliance, the fractured segment of alveolar housing is stabilized and allowed to heal for 4 to 6 weeks. One major advantage of the Hybrid MMF system is that it allows for an ongoing effective dental hygiene regime. While this can be done with traditional arch bars, any surgeon experienced in this area is all too familiar with the issues these patients have with maintaining oral hygiene, despite the best intentions. An example of a patient managed in this fashion is included in Figure 1. This particular patient suffered complex fractures of the midfacial skeleton which included a sagittal split of the maxillary segment. The clinical photos illustrate the progression from presentation to completion of fracture management. The patient is now at a point where a dental colleague can commence restoration of the missing and fractured dentition to restore premorbid dental function. As surgeons with an interest in this area, we acknowledge that all modalities must be available to call upon as the clinical situation dictates. However, one that is based on sound planning principles, provides fracture stabilization, and minimizes known dental and periodontal complications deserves consideration when planning surgical management approaches.
Mechanistic Analytical Modeling of Superscalar In-Order Processor Performance

Superscalar in-order processors form an interesting alternative to out-of-order processors because of their energy efficiency and lower design complexity. However, despite the reduced design complexity, it is nontrivial to get performance estimates or insight in the application--microarchitecture interaction without running slow, detailed cycle-level simulations, because performance highly depends on the order of instructions within the application’s dynamic instruction stream, as in-order processors stall on interinstruction dependences and functional unit contention. To limit the number of detailed cycle-level simulations needed during design space exploration, we propose a mechanistic analytical performance model that is built from understanding the internal mechanisms of the processor. The mechanistic performance model for superscalar in-order processors is shown to be accurate with an average performance prediction error of 3.2% compared to detailed cycle-accurate simulation using gem5. We also validate the model against hardware, using the ARM Cortex-A8 processor and show that it is accurate within 10% on average. We further demonstrate the usefulness of the model through three case studies: (1) design space exploration, identifying the optimum number of functional units for achieving a given performance target; (2) program--machine interactions, providing insight into microarchitecture bottlenecks; and (3) compiler--architecture interactions, visualizing the impact of compiler optimizations on performance.
Short-Term Dispersal Response of an Endangered Australian Lizard Varies with Time of Year

Dispersal is an important component in the demography of animal populations. Many animals show seasonal changes in their tendency to disperse, reflecting changes in resource availability, mating opportunities, or in population age structure at the time when new offspring enter the population. Understanding when and why dispersal occurs can be important for the management of endangered species. The pygmy bluetongue lizard is an endangered Australian species that occupies and defends single burrow refuges for extended periods of time, rarely moving far from the burrow entrance. However, previous pitfall trapping data have suggested movement of adult males in spring and of juveniles in autumn of each year. In the current study we compared behaviours of adult lizards each month, over the spring-summer activity period over two consecutive field seasons, to provide deeper understanding of the seasonal dispersal pattern. We released adult pygmy bluetongue lizards into a central area, provided with artificial burrows, within large enclosures, and monitored the behaviour and movements of the released lizards over a four day period. There was a consistent decline in time spent basking, amount of movement around burrow entrances, and rates of dispersal from the central release area from early spring to late summer. Results could be relevant to understanding and managing natural populations and for any translocation attempts of this endangered lizard species.
In Vivo Administration of Scallop GnRH-Like Peptide Influences on Gonad Development in the Yesso Scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis

Existing research on the role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in bivalve reproduction is inadequate, even though a few bivalve GnRH orthologs have been cloned. The objective of this paper was to elucidate the in vivo effect of GnRH administration in Yesso scallop reproduction. We performed in vivo administration of scallop GnRH (py-GnRH) synthetic peptide into the developing gonad, and analyzed its effect on gonad development for 6 weeks during the reproductive season. The resulting sex ratio in the GnRH administered (GnRH(+)) group might be male biased, whereas the control (GnRH(-)) group had an equal sex ratio throughout the experiment. The gonad index (GI) of males in the GnRH(+) group increased from week 2 to 24.8% at week 6. By contrast the GI of the GnRH(-) group peaked in week 4 at 16.6%. No significant difference was seen in female GI between the GnRH(+) and GnRH(-) groups at any sampling point. Oocyte diameter in the GnRH(+) group remained constant (about 42–45 μm) throughout the experiment, while in the GnRH(-) group it increased from 45 to 68 μm i.e. normal oocyte growth. The number of spermatogonia in the germinal acini of males in the GnRH(+) group increased from week 4 to 6. Hermaphrodites appeared in the GnRH(+) group in weeks 2 and 4. Their gonads contained many apoptotic cells including oocytes. In conclusion, this study suggests that py-GnRH administration could have a potential to accelerate spermatogenesis and cause an inhibitory effect on oocyte growth in scallops.
Overview of the Microenvironment of Vasculature in Vascular Tone Regulation

Hypertension is asymptomatic and a well-known “silent killer”, which can cause various concomitant diseases in human population after years of adherence. Although there are varieties of synthetic antihypertensive drugs available in current market, their relatively low efficacies and major application in only single drug therapy, as well as the undesired chronic adverse effects associated, has drawn the attention of worldwide scientists. According to the trend of antihypertensive drug evolution, the antihypertensive drugs used as primary treatment often change from time-to-time with the purpose of achieving the targeted blood pressure range. One of the major concerns that need to be accounted for here is that the signaling mechanism pathways involved in the vasculature during the vascular tone regulation should be clearly understood during the pharmacological research of antihypertensive drugs, either in vitro or in vivo. There are plenty of articles that discussed the signaling mechanism pathways mediated in vascular tone in isolated fragments instead of a whole comprehensive image. Therefore, the present review aims to summarize previous published vasculature-related studies and provide an overall depiction of each pathway including endothelium-derived relaxing factors, G-protein-coupled, enzyme-linked, and channel-linked receptors that occurred in the microenvironment of vasculature with a full schematic diagram on the ways their signals interact. Furthermore, the crucial vasodilative receptors that should be included in the mechanisms of actions study on vasodilatory effects of test compounds were suggested in the present review as well.
Cataloguing proteins in cell cycle control

Bioinformatics makes a number of methods available that can also be used to identify cell cycle related proteins. Nevertheless, few tools are specifically designed to cope with cell cycle proteins. In fact, a vast amount of data is currently scattered among many databases. Here, we present a first detailed analysis of known cell cycle proteins. We combined databases mining and literature searches with an evaluation of evolutionary conservation. The objective was to identify cell cycle control proteins in various proteomes. In total we found 595 experimentally annotated cell cycle control proteins; these clustered into 113 distinct structural families. We noticed that neither simple values for pairwise sequence identity nor expectation values taken from popular PSI-BLAST alignments allow an error-free inference of involvement in cell cycle control by sequence similarity. However, when we also considered alignment length we could find thresholds for reliable inference of cell cycle proteins. Applying these safe thresholds to the six entirely sequenced organisms (human, mouse, fly, worm, arabidopsis and yeast), we could identify 463 un-annotated proteins likely to be involved in cell cycle control. Slightly lower levels of accuracy extended the count to approximately 500-1300 additional proteins, which may be candidates for involvement in cell cycle control process. * Corresponding author: rost@columbia.edu 1 CUBIC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 650 West 168 Street BB217, New York, NY 10032, USA, 2 Columbia University Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (C2B2), Russ Berrie Pavilion, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA 3 North East Structural Genomics Consortium (NESG), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 650 West 168 Street BB217, New York, NY 10032, USA
Learning to promote occupational development through co‐occupation

Mothering occupations and co‐occupations have begun to be addressed in the occupational science and therapy literature as well as in childhood development journals. This article reviews literature that details important aspects of co‐occupation and how it develops between parents and their children. Narrative analysis of empirical data of how co‐occupation was facilitated between a young child, Andrew, and his mother, Roxanna, illustrates how co‐occupations strengthened the parent‐child relationship and led to structured opportunities for occupational, social, and emotional development in both. The analysis considers transactionalism as a theoretical lens to illuminate several factors that enabled Roxanna to acquire competence and confidence to manage Andrew's ongoing special needs in ways that would optimize his potential to participate in occupations alongside his typical peers. As Roxanna became more confident and successful with Andrew, she was better able to identify and advocate for his needs in their social world.
Gains from Participatory Design Team Membership as Perceived by Child Alumni and their Parents

The direct gains children perceive from their membership on Participatory Design (PD) teams are seldom the focus of research studies. Yet, how HCI practitioners choose to include children in PD methods may influence the value participants see in their participation, and thereafter the outcomes of PD processes. To understand what gains former child members of a PD team perceive from their participation we conducted a two-part study. In Study 1 we surveyed and interviewed child alumni of a PD team to determine gains that are perceived first-hand. In Study 2 we obtained a secondary perspective by surveying and interviewing parents of alumni. We report on the perceived gains to former participants that were identified and described in these two studies-including collaboration, communication, design process knowledge, and confidence. We reflect on our findings through discussions of the continued applicability of gains, new opportunities, and implications for PD practitioners and methods.
History and Research Assessment Exercises

While it is recognised that Research Assessment Exercises stimulate activity and that successive history panels have sensitively developed appropriate procedures, nonetheless there is much unease among university historians about the impact of RAEs on their subject. This paper argues that such concern reflects characteristics of the discipline that make selective funding of university departments of history especially awkward. Historians study as individuals and as specialists, not in departmental teams. Resources-especially time free from teaching and administrative burdens-have not been equally distributed between university departments, and in consequence RAEs in history are likely simply to confirm the wisdom of past funding decisions. The identification of 'international excellent' historians is particularly problematic. And distortions arising from the tendency of university managements to treat RAEs as a game rewarding the tactically astute exert a damaging influence: good research will not be achieved by bullying historians to produce a monograph for every RAE.
Shaping the Politics of Education Association and Division L of the American Educational Research Association: Another William Lowe Boyd Legacy

William Lowe Boyd was there, making a difference in the study of politics of education, both intellectually and organizationally, at key moments in the development of the field. In fact, the field and study of the subject itself were linked politically, as scholars interested in research on the political science of how schools operate were involved in establishing the subfield of political science around issues of who “controls” American public schools, including autocratic, class-oriented, professional, and democratic groups. Although early authors argued that education was an essential public good, and remained “above and beyond” the haggling and maneuvering of local, state, or national politics, Boyd and others (see Bentley, 1908; Cooper, Cibulka, & Fusarelli, 2008) established that the larger and more complex education became, the more political its actions and ideas became. Boyd, then, helped to establish the field of education politics research—and the key associations that supported and published on the subject. Boyd refers to George S. Counts (1927) and W. W. Charters, Jr. (1953), two of the founders of school political analysis, and their conflicting views of education politics: Counts based his on social class (a neo-Marxian view), and Charters pointed to the following idea, expressed in Boyd’s (1976) words:
Radar target recognition using range profiles

With the increased availability of coherent wideband radars, there has been a renewed interest in radar target recognition. A large bandwidth gives high resolution in range which means target recognition may be possible. We examine some of the problems of classifying high resolution range profiles (HRRP), and investigate simple preprocessing techniques which may aid subsequent target classification. We apply these techniques to HRRP data acquired at a local airport using the Microwave Radar Division (MRD) mobile radar facility. We find that we can reliably distinguish between Boeing 727 and Boeing 737 aircraft over a range of aspect angles. <<ETX>>
Some Effects of Praise and Blame on Perceived Ability and Affect

The effects of praise and blame on evaluations of one's own performance and on affect were investigated in the present experiment. Of the four participants in each experimental session, two acted as teachers and two acted as students. The two teachers were actually experimental confederates. First, a test was administered to the students by the experimenter. After the test was completed, both teachers allegedly scored the tests in one condition (the test-scored condition) to induce the students to believe that the teachers knew their ability. In another condition (the test-not-scored condition), the teachers did not score the tests. In both conditions, the students then worked at two identical tasks and received success feedback at the first task and failure feedback at the second task. Subsequently, one of the two students was praised by the teachers for success and not blamed for failure, while the other received no praise for success but blame for failure. When the subjects could assume that the teache.
Cortical and Hippocampal Correlates of Deliberation during Model-Based Decisions for Rewards in Humans

How do we use our memories of the past to guide decisions we've never had to make before? Although extensive work describes how the brain learns to repeat rewarded actions, decisions can also be influenced by associations between stimuli or events not directly involving reward — such as when planning routes using a cognitive map or chess moves using predicted countermoves — and these sorts of associations are critical when deciding among novel options. This process is known as model-based decision making. While the learning of environmental relations that might support model-based decisions is well studied, and separately this sort of information has been inferred to impact decisions, there is little evidence concerning the full cycle by which such associations are acquired and drive choices. Of particular interest is whether decisions are directly supported by the same mnemonic systems characterized for relational learning more generally, or instead rely on other, specialized representations. Here, building on our previous work, which isolated dual representations underlying sequential predictive learning, we directly demonstrate that one such representation, encoded by the hippocampal memory system and adjacent cortical structures, supports goal-directed decisions. Using interleaved learning and decision tasks, we monitor predictive learning directly and also trace its influence on decisions for reward. We quantitatively compare the learning processes underlying multiple behavioral and fMRI observables using computational model fits. Across both tasks, a quantitatively consistent learning process explains reaction times, choices, and both expectation- and surprise-related neural activity. The same hippocampal and ventral stream regions engaged in anticipating stimuli during learning are also engaged in proportion to the difficulty of decisions. These results support a role for predictive associations learned by the hippocampal memory system to be recalled during choice formation.