Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient Multiple-Feature Learning-Based Hyperspectral Image Classification With Limited Training Samples

Linearly derived features have been widely used in hyperspectral image classification to find linear separability of certain classes in recent years. Moreover, nonlinearly transformed features are more effective for class discrimination in real analysis scenarios. However, few efforts have attempted to combine both linear and nonlinear features in the same framework even if they can demonstrate some complementary properties. Moreover, conventional multiple-feature learning-based approaches deal with different features equally, which is not reasonable. This paper proposes an efficient multiple-feature learning-based model with adaptive weights for effectively classifying complex hyperspectral images with limited training samples. A new diversity kernel function is proposed first to simulate the vision perception and analysis procedure of human beings. It could simultaneously evaluate the contrast differences of global features and spatial coherence. Since existing multiple-kernel feature models are always time-consuming, we then design a new adaptive weighted multiple kernel learning method. It employs kernel projection, which could lower the dimensionalities and also learn kernel weights to further discriminate the classification boundaries. For combining both linear and nonlinear features, this paper also proposes a novel decision fusion strategy. The method combines linear and multiple kernel features to balance the classification results of different classifiers. The proposed scheme is tested on several hyperspectral data sets and extended to multisource feature classification environment. The experimental results show that the proposed classification method outperforms most of the existing ones and significantly reduces the computational complexity.
Study on Cloud Security Risk and Remedy

Recently, Cloud computing is most powerful research area because of its flexibility and cost efficiency. The environment provides dynamic, easily scalable services. Although cloud computing promises to the organization as well as consumers to make life much easier, still it has considerable level of security issues. When data is transferred between the client and server, then security is a great concern. Efficient model should be implemented in the cloud environment to make it secure from illegitimate users. So that cloud security is becoming a important recent discussion in the IT sector. This paper describes a survey on different security issues of cloud computing and the possible solution for remediation.
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is linked to severity of obstructive sleep apnoea

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has been linked to increased cardiovascular risk. The present study examined the relationships between respiratory parameters and left ventricular abnormalities in OSA. 150 newly diagnosed OSA patients without any known cardiovascular disease were included in the study (mean±sd age 49±11 yrs, body mass index 27.1±3.3 kg·m−2, respiratory disturbance index 41±18 h−1). Haemodynamic, biological, respiratory, cardiac and arterial parameters were assessed at inclusion. 34 (22.7%) patients had a grade 1 left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Patients with an abnormal diastole were older (p<0.001) and 81% of them were hypertensive. The only respiratory parameter independently associated with the peak flow velocity in early diastole/peak flow velocity at atrial contraction ratio was mean nocturnal oxygen saturation. 17 (13%) patients had left ventricular hypertrophy. A multivariate analysis showed that clinic systolic blood pressure and mean nocturnal oxygen saturation were independently associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. In a logistic regression model, age ≥58 yrs (OR 3.29, 95% CI 1.78–5.64) and mean nocturnal oxygen saturation <92% (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.45–4.91) were associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Our findings demonstrate that left ventricular diastolic dysfunction frequently occurs in patients with OSA and that it is related to the severity of oxygen desaturation.
A three‐level model for binary time‐series data: the effects of air pollution on school absences in the Southern California Children's Health Study

A three‐level model is proposed to simultaneously examine the effects of daily exposure to air pollution and individual risk factors on health outcomes without aggregating over subjects or time. We used a logistic transition model with random effects to take into account heterogeneity and overdispersion of the observations. A distributed lag structure for pollution has been included, assuming that the event on day t for a subject depends on the levels of air pollution for several preceding days. We illustrate this proposed model via detailed analysis of the effect of air pollution on school absenteeism based on data from the Southern California Children's Health Study. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Landmark Buildings and Diversification Opportunities in the Residential Market

Landmark buildings are outstanding constructions recognizable on the basis of their unique design, high visibility and/or extraordinary relevance for the country (Appleyard, 1969). Empirical analyses demonstrate that residential buildings designated as landmarks sell for a substantial premium over comparable properties (Noonan, 2007) and also a rent premium could be paid for igoodiu architecture (Hough and Kratz, 1983). Literature points out the advantages related to diversification opportunities in a real estate portfolio applying the standard Market Portfolio Theory (hereinafter MPT) to this market (Pagliari, Webb and Del Casino, 1995). The main issue is the identification of the type of asset class in the real estate industry because diversification benefits of real estate investment can be accurately estimated only once the investment categories of real estate are sufficiently homogeneous (Hartzell, Heckman and Miles, 1986). In the residential market submarket specification has typically been performed on an ad hoc basis and researchers stratify a sample based on prior expectations related to municipal boundaries, school districts, racial divisions, or housing types (Goodman and Thibodeau, 1998). Studies on the trend of the price and rental yields for different types of residential buildings distinguish normally for the building size and the geographical area (Brown, Li and Lusht, 2000) and sometimes they discriminate between standard and luxury houses (Hui, Ng, Lau, 2011). No studies use also historical or artistic features as discrimination criteria in order to identify the residential asset class. The paper contributes to existing literature about the intra-sector diversification opportunities in the residential real estate units focusing the attention on the distinctive features of the landmark buildings. Using appraisal data we point out some difference in the rent and appreciation yield of landmark buildings respect to other type of residential buildings and we demonstrate that, under the assumptions of the standard MPT, landmark buildings can play an important role in diversified portfolio with high risk / return profile. Nowadays, Real Estate Institutional Investors considers mainly the bigger landmark buildings in the office and commercial sector (i.a. Block, 2011) but results obtained demonstrate that also smaller investments in the residential sector could be reasonable on the basis of a portfolio optimization process.
Data Access Control for Multi-authority Cloud Storage Systems

Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-based Encryption (CP-ABE) is one of the most suitable technologies for data access control in cloud storage systems. This paper firstly presents the Attribute-based Encryption (ABE), secure deletion and secret-sharing schemes. Then we construct a CP-ABE model using secret-sharing methods to insure its security. At last, we propose an improved scheme on Data Access Control for Multi-Authority Cloud Storage Systems DAC-MACS to insure the security of the central authority (CA).
Studies on the mechanism of natural killer cytotoxicity. II. coculture of human PBL with NK-sensitive or resistant cell lines stimulates release of natural killer cytotoxic factors (NKCF) selectively cytotoxic to NK-sensitive target cells.

This investigation has employed the "innocent bystander" type of experimental design to determine whether soluble cytotoxic factor(s) are released during interactions between human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and NK-sensitive target cells. PBL cocultured with NK-sensitive Molt-4 or K562 target cells in the lower well of a miniaturized Marbrook culture released natural killer cytotoxic factors (NKCF), which diffused across a 0.2-mu Nucleopore membrane and lysed Molt-4 or K562 target cells cultured in the upper chamber. Coculture of PBL with the NK-resistant Raji or WI-L2 cell lines also induced release of NKCF. These factors were selectively cytotoxic to NK-sensitive targets and lysed Molt-4 and, to a lesser extent, K562 cells. However, Raji, WI-L2, and RPMI 1788 cells were all resistant to lysis. In addition, low density fractions from Percoll density gradients that were enriched for NK effector cells also released increased levels of NKCF during coculture with Molt-4 cells. Lysis of Molt-4 and K562 targets was observed after exposure to NKCF for 48 hr and 60 to 70 hr, respectively. Cellfree supernatants containing NKCF were obtained after a short time of incubation (i.e., within 5 hr of coculture of PBL with NK target cells). The factors were nondialyzable, stable at 56 degrees C for 3 hr, and showed partial loss of activity on storage at 4 degrees C or -20 degrees C for 7 days. These data suggest that NKCF may be involved in the lytic mechanism of human NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Modulation of trinucleotide repeat instability by DNA polymerase β polymorphic variant R137Q

Trinucleotide repeat (TNR) instability is associated with human neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Recent studies have pointed out that DNA base excision repair (BER) mediated by DNA polymerase β (pol β) plays a crucial role in governing somatic TNR instability in a damage-location dependent manner. It has been shown that the activities and function of BER enzymes and cofactors can be modulated by their polymorphic variations. This could alter the function of BER in regulating TNR instability. However, the roles of BER polymorphism in modulating TNR instability remain to be elucidated. A previous study has shown that a pol β polymorphic variant, polβR137Q is associated with cancer due to its impaired polymerase activity and its deficiency in interacting with a BER cofactor, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). In this study, we have studied the effect of the pol βR137Q variant on TNR instability. We showed that pol βR137Q exhibited weak DNA synthesis activity to cause TNR deletion during BER. We demonstrated that similar to wild-type pol β, the weak DNA synthesis activity of pol βR137Q allowed it to skip over a small loop formed on the template strand, thereby facilitating TNR deletion during BER. Our results further suggest that carriers with pol βR137Q polymorphic variant may not exhibit an elevated risk of developing human diseases that are associated with TNR instability.
Metastatic potential of cloned murine melanoma cells transfected with activated c-Ha-ras.

We sought to determine whether the transfection of tumorigenic but not metastatic cells with the activated c-Ha-ras oncogene was invariably associated with acquisition of the metastatic phenotype. Three clonally derived lines of the K-1735 murine melanoma, characterized as nonmetastatic or poorly metastatic, were transfected with plasmids containing the 6.6-kilobase BamHI fragment of the mutant human c-Ha-ras gene and the neo gene, that confers resistance to neomycin (pSV2neoEJ). Cells transfected with pSV2neo, a plasmid containing the neo gene, served as controls for the procedure of Polybrene-mediated transfection. All cell lines were injected into syngeneic C3H/HeN and into athymic mice, and the results were compared with those produced by highly metastatic K-1735 M-2 cells. Although the pSV2neoEJ-transfected cells produced more rapidly growing s.c. tumors than the control cell lines did, the incidence of spontaneous metastasis was not increased. Following i.v. inoculation, the c-Ha-ras transfectants were retained in lung vasculature in greater proportions than pSV2neo counterpart transfectants were. The c-Ha-ras transfectants also produced significantly more lung tumor colonies, which grew faster than the few lung tumor colonies in mice given injections of control melanoma cells. We concluded that transfection of the activated c-Ha-ras oncogene into nonmetastatic K-1735 melanoma cells leads to accelerated tumor growth in vivo and can confer the ability to form lung colonies after i.v. injection but not the ability to metastasize from a primary s.c. tumor.
Empirical antifungal therapy in patients with neutropenia and persistent or recurrent fever of unknown origin

Persistent or recurrent fever of unexplained origin (PFUO) in neutropenic patients receiving antibiotic therapy is commonly treated with empirical antifungal therapy (EAFT). EAFT was established as an adequate management of PFUO around 20 years ago with conventional amphotericin B deoxycholate (c‐AmB), despite its high rate of infusional and systemic toxicities. In recent years, EAFT trials for PFUO have used less toxic agents, such as the lipid formulations of AmB, the new azoles, and the echinocandin, caspofungin. In clinical trials, the lipid formulations of AmB [especially liposomal AmB (L‐AmB)] provided similar efficacy with lower toxicity but at a much higher cost. Although rarely used in clinical practice, fluconazole is equivalent to c‐AmB, provided patients at high risk of Aspergillus infections are excluded. Intravenous itraconazole was shown to be equivalent to c‐AmB, with a lower toxicity. Voriconazole did not meet non‐inferiority criteria when compared with L‐AmB. Caspofungin was shown to be non‐inferior to L‐AmB and more effective in treating baseline invasive fungal infections. To date, alternatives to AmB have shown less toxicity, but improved efficacy is less clear. This is probably because of the weakness of the indication and to the consequent difficulty in establishing objective and reproducible endpoints for comparisons. The new challenge for physicians in this field is probably presumptive antifungal therapy, an approach based on patient risk‐group stratification for developing invasive candidiasis or aspergillosis and/or the use of new diagnostic techniques to identify patients at a very early stage of infection.
Resonant-Cavity Light-Emitting Diodes (RCLEDs) Made From a Simple Dielectric Coating of Transistor Outline (TO)-Can Packaged InGaN LEDs for Visible Light Communications

An experimental evaluation of a directed line-of-sight visible light communication system based on phosphor-converted white resonant-cavity light-emitting diodes (RCLEDs) is presented. With a simple dielectric coating of the transistor outline-can-packaged InGaN LEDs, a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>/4-thick Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> distributed Bragg reflector functioning as the top mirror of near-UV RCLEDs can be formed automatically without inducing a registration misalignment as in conventional photolithography. In addition, a passivation coating can also be created over the entire LED structure. As a result of the optical cavity effect, the completed RCLEDs exhibit improved output performance in terms of light output power, external quantum efficiency, and directionality. The resulting RCLEDs are more suitable for building a 200 Mb/s ON–OFF keying nonreturn-to-zero optical link for data transmission over a distance of 100 cm in free space. Finally, we show that real-time transmissions of digital TV signals can be accomplished using the proposed short-range (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 100$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm) optical wireless link (data rate <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 150$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Mb/s) mainly consisting of a field-programmable gate array-based video encoder/decoder, an optical bandpass filter, and the phosphorescent white RCLEDs made by a simple process.
Limit Order Placement by High-Frequency Traders

The effectiveness of liquidity provision by HFT firms is an unexplored but central policy issue. Using unique data consisting of limit order placement, execution, and cancellations, we find that HFT firms do not cancel orders more frequently than non-HFT firms. HFT firms more effectively use order cancellation to strategically manage their limit orders in anticipation of short-term price movements than non-HFT firms. HFT firms increase their liquidity provision during high volatility periods; their liquidity provision is less affected by order imbalance shocks than that of non-HFT firms. Overall, our results indicate that HFT limit orders exert a stabilizing influence.
RACK1 is a novel interaction partner of PTK7 that is required for neural tube closure

RACK1 is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular adaptor protein that is involved in a wide range of processes including cell adhesion and migration; however, its role in vertebrate development is largely unknown. Here, we identify RACK1 as a novel interaction partner of PTK7, a regulator of planar cell polarity that is necessary for neural tube closure. RACK1 is likewise required for Xenopus neural tube closure. Further, explant assays suggest that PTK7 and RACK1 are required for neural convergent extension. Mechanistically, RACK1 is necessary for the PTK7-mediated membrane localization of Dishevelled (DSH). RACK1 facilitates the PTK7-DSH interaction by recruiting PKCδ1, a known effector of DSH membrane translocation. These data place RACK1 in a novel signaling cascade that translocates DSH to the plasma membrane and regulates vertebrate neural tube closure.
Avatars Versus Agents: A Meta-Analysis Quantifying the Effect of Agency on Social Influence

Existing research has investigated whether virtual representations perceived to be controlled by humans (i.e., avatars) or those perceived to be controlled by computer algorithms (i.e., agents) are more influential. A meta-analysis (N = 32) examined the model of social influence in virtual environments (Blascovich, 2002) and investigated whether agents and avatars in virtual environments elicit different levels of social influence. Results indicated that perceived avatars produced stronger responses than perceived agents. Level of immersion (desktop vs. fully immersive), dependent variable type (subjective vs. objective), task type (competitive vs. cooperative vs. neutral), and actual control of the representation (human vs. computer) were examined as moderators. An interaction effect revealed that studies conducted on a desktop that used objective measures showed a stronger effect for agency than those that were conducted on a desktop but used subjective measures. Competitive and cooperative tasks showed greater agency effects than neutral tasks. Studies in which both conditions were actually human controlled showed greater agency effects than studies in which both conditions were actually computer controlled. We discuss theoretical and design implications for human–computer interaction and computer-mediated communication.
The Impact of SCIG Wind Farm Connecting into a Distribution System

Increasing capacity of connected wind power generation to utilities brings new opportunities and also problems to the utilities and customers. Evolution and analyzing of the connection conditions and effects of wind farms especially on remote areas are the main aspects of developing wind power on the utilities, because the impact will be more serious. The problem is that these wind turbine that mostly uses induction generators, tend to drain large amounts of VArs from the grid, potentially causing low voltage and maybe voltage stability problems for the utility owner, especially in the case of large load variation on distribution feeder. Focus on researching and discussing the impact ahead of time, and find the way out to supply higher power quality, this paper chooses Matlab/Simulink as analyzing tool, and uses SCIG model of asynchronous generator and a 33-bus distribution system of Tai-Power Company for simulation. Case study includes choosing different connected location and installed capacity of wind generators (WGs) and adopting fixed capacitors, SVC and STATCOM, respectively, for compensation to observe the influence on the moment of the wind generator connected and the period of the wind speed variation. Finally, from the simulation results, some discussions and suggestions are proposed for utilities in this paper.
Prognostic Importance of 18F-FDG Uptake Pattern of Hepatocellular Cancer Patients Who Received SIRT

Purpose The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of 18F-FDG uptake pattern of liver lesions to treatment response of patients who received yttrium-90 (Y-90) selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) for hepatocellular cancer (HCC). Patients and Methods Nineteen patients (5F, 14M, mean age: 64.5 ± 14.7 years old, range: 57–73 years) who received SIRT treatment in our department for HCC between June 2008 and May 2011 were included in the study. All patients underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT before SIRT for evaluation of disease stage and metabolic activity of liver lesions. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to FDG uptake patterns of primary liver lesions (hypoactive, nonhomogenous, and focal intense). Progression-free survival (PFS) times of each group and patients with hepatic only and hepatic with extrahepatic disease were analyzed. Disease progression criteria were increase in tumor volume, progressive elevation of serum alpha-fetoprotein levels, and detection of extrahepatic metastases. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for comparison of PFS times. Results The mean treatment dose was calculated as 1.4 ± 1.0 GBq. While liver lesions of 4 patients were hypoactive in pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT, liver lesions of 6 and 9 patients had nonhomogenous and intense FDG uptake, respectively. Mean PFS time of patients who had hypoactive liver lesions was 5.25 ± 1.52 months. In patients who had liver lesions with nonhomogenous uptake, mean PFS time was 12.3 ± 2.6 months. Lastly, in patients with intense uptake in liver lesions, PFS time was calculated as 19.8 ± 5.0 months. Difference between each group was statistically significant (P = 0.017). There was no significant difference in the PFS of the patients with limited hepatic disease and patients with extrahepatic involvement. Conclusion In patients with unresectable HCC, higher SUVmax lesions unexpectedly had better PFS rates after SIRT, suggesting SIRT has a treatment advantage over other therapeutic options in these patients.
A structural census of metabolic networks for E. coli.

A structural survey of the Escherichia coli proteins occurring in metabolic networks in the KEGG database (release 19 of LIGAND) has been carried out. A measure of structural coverage of a network is defined and calculated for each network. Twenty-four networks have 50 % or more of the enzyme steps assigned in E. coli and of these 21 have a structural coverage of 50 % or more. For those proteins that have a region matching a SCOP domain 50 % fall on or below the 30 % sequence identity threshold and represent non-trivial comparative modelling targets highlighting the need for experimental structure determination studies. The survey reveals the predominance of alpha/beta and alpha+beta folds for enzymes involved in metabolic pathways and that this general trend is maintained at the level of each pathway. The most popular superfamilies are coenzyme binding domains and are involved in the supply of energy to reactions. Although a few superfamilies are found in many pathways, in general there is a specificity of a particular superfamily for a particular pathway.