Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new intrusion detection method based on behavioral model

Intrusion detection has emerged as an important approach to network security. A new method for anomaly intrusion detection is proposed based on linear prediction and Markov chain model. Linear prediction is employed to extract features from system calls sequences of the privileged processes which are used to make up of the character database of those processes, and then the Markov chain model is founded based on those features. The observed behavior of the system is analyzed to infer the probability that the Markov chain model of the norm profile supports the observed behavior. A low probability of support indicates an anomalous behavior that may result from intrusive activities. The experiments show this method is effective and efficient, and can be used in practice to monitor the computer system in real time.
Young feminists online: political and social participation and feminist activism

There are well-established historical trends that show that new and emerging forms of media are able to disrupt and then transform political and social opinion and discourse and have the capacity to break down social hierarchies in order to challenge dominant socio-cultural and political norms. Social media or “new digital media” are part of this trend and influence a reshape of socio-cultural and political norms, practices and discourses through awareness-raising, activism, and debate. Recent research has found that social media have considerable potential to engage, empower and activate young women in particular. These online spaces are often women-only and explicitly feminist (‘safe spaces’) and central to political and social activism in terms of women’s rights. The question remains, however, about how that effect evolves, and intersects with more traditional forms of activism, and ‘how and under what conditions these new digital platforms relate to citizen activism and protest politics’ (Valenzuela, 2013, p. 921). Drawing on historic accounts of women-led spaces and public activism as generative of feminist movement, as well as accounts of contemporary online activism drawn from our current research in Manchester and Ireland, this paper explores how online spaces are mobilised for political and social activism and perspectives on the impacts of such spaces on political and social change.
Segcast: Segment-based broadcasting for delay tolerant data dissemination in intermittent VANETs

This paper investigates the network performance for information dissemination via broadcasting in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). The major challenge of broadcasting is to disseminate messages over the intended regions with low cost while to ensure the reliability of message delivery. To minimize the broadcast cost in delay tolerant data dissemination, this paper proposes a method, called Segcast, along with an analytical model to easily compute the broadcast cost and end-to-end delay according to the input parameters describing the network environment, such as the vehicular density and the transmission range. In this method, an appointed vehicle, named Segcast agent, is selected to transmit a broadcast message to oncoming disconnected vehicles located on a given road segment. Compared with the state-of-the-art approach, Segcast consumes much less network bandwidth and significantly improves the survivability of the message dissemination in large areas that have intermittent connectivity. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate that Segcast can perform efficient broadcasting for delay tolerant applications.
Modelling the composition of personal sector wealth in the UK

The allocation of UK personal sector wealth across five broad asset categories (net financial wealth, housing (and durable assets) wealth, state pension wealth, private pension wealth, and human capital) is investigated using the FAIDS (financial AIDS) model. Apart from total wealth and returns, additional variables relating to capital market imperfections, and demographic, labour market and cross-sector spillover effects turn out to be significant. The adjustment of portfolio weights to shocks is very slow, taking up to 21 years for some asset categories.
Design for manufacturing of custom-made femoral stem using CT data and rapid prototyping technology

Rapid prototyping (RP) applications have an increasing trend, making the future of RP more and more promising. These applications may include design, development, and manufacture of medical devices and instrumentation, as well as prosthesis design, anatomical modelling, surgical planning and prosthesis fabrication. This paper provides a new methodology for design of custom-made femoral stem, providing high accuracy of femoral canal reconstruction via 3D modelling of femoral stem with optimal fill and fit. The result of this methodology is optimised load transfer, minimum stem micromotion, increase in initial stability and extended durability. In addition to
Target tracking for moving robots using object-based visual attention

Visual tracking is a quite challenging issue for a moving robot due to the appearance changes of both the background and targets, large variation of motion, partial or full occlusion and so on. However, humans are capable to cope with those difficulties to achieve satisfactory tracking performance. Thus this paper presents a biologically-inspired method of visual tracking for moving robots by using object-based visual attention mechanism. This tracking method consists of four modules: pre-attentive segmentation, top-down attentional biasing, post-attentive completion processing and online learning of the target model. Experimental results in natural and cluttered scenes are shown to validate this general and robust tracking method.
Probing String Theory with Modulated Cosmological Fluctuations

Superstring theory, models with extra dimensions and other SUSY models generically predict that the coupling constants are in fact vacuum expectation values of fields like the dilaton, moduli etc. Assuming some of these fields are light during inflation, we get generation of small classical inhomogeneities in these fields from inflation. Consequently, coupling constants inherit small inhomogeneities at scales much larger than the causal horizon in the early universe. After the moduli get pinned down to their minima, the spatial variations of coupling constants in the late time universe will be erased. However, inhomogeneities in coupling constants in the very early universe would generate modulated large scale fluctuations in all relic species that are produced due to interactions and freezing out. Moreover (p)reheating of the inflaton field results in modulated curvature fluctuations. Even if the standard inflaton fluctuations are suppressed, in this picture we may have pure curvature cosmological fluctuations entirely generated by the modulated spatial variations of the coupling constants during preheating.
Expression of genetically determined diabetes and insulitis in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse at the level of bone marrow-derived cells. Transfer of diabetes and insulitis to nondiabetic (NOD X B10) F1 mice with bone marrow cells from NOD mice

The development of autoimmune diabetes in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse is controlled by at least three recessive loci, including one linked to the MHC. To determine whether any of these genetic loci exert their effects via the immune system, radiation bone marrow chimeras were constructed in which (NOD X B10)F1-irradiated recipients were reconstituted with NOD bone marrow cells. Unmanipulated (NOD X B10)F1 mice, or irradiated F1 mice reconstituted with F1 or B10 bone marrow, did not display insulitis or diabetes. In contrast, insulitis was observed in a majority of the NOD----F1 chimeras and diabetes developed in 21% of the mice. These data demonstrate that expression of the diabetic phenotype in the NOD mouse is dependent on NOD-derived hematopoietic stem cells. Diabetogenic genes in the NOD mouse do not appear to function at the level of the insulin-producing beta cells since NOD----F1 chimeras not only developed insulitis and diabetes but also rejected beta cells within pancreas transplants from newborn B10 mice. These data suggest that the beta cells of the NOD mouse do not express a unique antigenic determinant that is the target of the autoimmune response.
Visualisation and Quantification of Morphogen Gradient Formation in the Zebrafish

During embryonic development, signalling molecules known as morphogens act in a concentration-dependent manner to provide positional information to responding tissues. In the early zebrafish embryo, graded signalling by members of the nodal family induces the formation of mesoderm and endoderm, thereby patterning the embryo into three germ layers. Nodal signalling has also been implicated in the establishment of the dorso-ventral axis of the embryo. Although one can infer the existence of nodal gradients by comparing gene expression patterns in wild-type embryos and embryos in which nodal signalling is diminished or augmented, real understanding can only come from directly observing the gradients. One approach is to determine local ligand concentrations in the embryo, but this is technically challenging, and the presence of inhibitors might cause the effective concentration of a ligand to differ from its actual concentration. We have therefore taken two approaches to visualise a direct response to nodal signalling. In the first, we have used transgenic embryos to study the nuclear accumulation of a Smad2-Venus fusion protein, and in the second we have used bimolecular fluorescence complementation to visualise the formation of a complex between Smad2 and Smad4. This has allowed us to visualise, in living embryos, the formation of a graded distribution of nodal signalling activity. We have quantified the formation of the gradient in time and space, and our results not only confirm that nodal signalling patterns the embryo into three germ layers, but also shed light on its role in patterning the dorso-ventral axis and highlight unexpected complexities of mesodermal patterning.
Three-dimensional reconstruction method for measuring the knee valgus angle of the femur in northern Chinese adults

The purpose of this study was to establish a method for measuring the knee valgus angle from the anatomical and mechanical axes on three-dimensional reconstruction imaging models, and to use this method for estimating an average knee valgus angle value for northern Chinese adults. Computed tomographic angiography data in DICOM format for 128 normal femurs from 64 adult subjects were chosen for analysis. After the femur images were subjected to three-dimensional reconstruction, the deepest point in the intercondylar notch (point A), the midpoint of the medullary cavity 20 cm above the knee-joint line (point B), and the landmark of the femoral head rotation center (point C) were identified on each three-dimensional model. The knee valgus angle was defined as the angle enclosed by the distal femoral anatomical axis (line AB) and the femoral mechanical axis (line AC). The average (mean±SD) of knee valgus angle for the 128 femurs was 6.20°±1.20° (range, 3.05° to 10.64°). Significant positive correlations were found between the knee valgus angles of the right and left sides and between the knee valgus angle and age. During total knee arthroplasty, choosing a valgus cut angle of approximately 6° may achieve a good result in reestablishing the natural mechanical alignment of the lower extremity for patients of northern Chinese ethnicity. Larger valgus cut angles should be chosen for older patients.
MIN and MAX operators for trapezoidal fuzzy intervals Part II: Analytical expressions proof

This part paper aims at the proof and the justification of the general MIN and MAX analytical expressions, determined according to the Zadeh extension principle and used in the Part I of this paper. The so-proposed MIN and MAX operators are different from the standard fuzzy intersection and union. Indeed, according to fuzzy extension principle, MIN and MAX are the lattice operations to be used for ordering fuzzy intervals. These analytical expressions can be used in aggregation operators and ranking fuzzy intervals (see the Part I of this paper).
A scalable and productive workflow-based cloud platform for big data analytics

As data become big and complex, it is also more challenging to data scientists to extract useful information in a timely fashion. Although many tools and packages are available to them, it is crucial to have a high productive and scalable big data analytics platform to carry out their daily work productively. The objective for our work is to build such a productive data analytics cloud platform by integrating a variety of data analytics tools and packages with a high-level workflow interface. Data scientists are able to use the platform with the workflow interface to design their own pipelines in processing, analyzing, and visualizing data. In this paper, we present our design and implementation of the data analytics cloud architecture supporting a range from small data mining to big data analytics. We also demonstrate the usability of the platform using several case studies.
Cellular Barriers after Extravasation: Leukocyte Interactions with Polarized Epithelia in the Inflamed Tissue

During the inflammatory response, immune cells egress from the circulation and follow a chemotactic and haptotactic gradient within the tissue, interacting with matrix components in the stroma and with parenchymal cells, which guide them towards the sites of inflammation. Polarized epithelial cells compartmentalize tissue cavities and are often exposed to inflammatory challenges such as toxics or infections in non-lymphoid tissues. Apicobasal polarity is critical to the specialized functions of these epithelia. Indeed, a common feature of epithelial dysfunction is the loss of polarity. Here we review evidence showing that apicobasal polarity regulates the inflammatory response: various polarized epithelia asymmetrically secrete chemotactic mediators and polarize adhesion receptors that dictate the route of leukocyte migration within the parenchyma. We also discuss recent findings showing that the loss of apicobasal polarity increases leukocyte adhesion to epithelial cells and the consequences that this could have for the inflammatory response towards damaged, infected or transformed epithelial cells.
Coupled Modified KP Hierarchy and Its Dispersionless Limit

We define the coupled modified KP hierarchy and its dispersionless limit. This integrable hierarchy is a generalization of the "half" of the Toda lattice hierarchy as well as an extension of the mKP hierarchy. The solutions are parametrized by a fibered flag manifold. The dispersionless counterpart interpolates several versions of dispersionless mKP hierarchy.
The SymbolicData Project Towards an Electronic Repository of Tools and Data for Benchmarks of Computer Algebra Software

The SymbolicData project has the following three main goals: 1. to systematically collect existing symbolic computation benchmark data and to produce tools to extend and maintain this collection; 2. to design and implement concepts for trusted benchmarks computations on the collected data; and 3. to provide tools for data access/selection/transformation using di(cid:11)erent technologies. SymbolicData has developed from a \grass root initiative" of a small number of people to a stage where it should be presented to, and evaluated and used by a wider community. In this paper we report about the current state of the project, i.e., we describe the main design principles and tools which were developed to realize our goals.
Success Factors for the Implementation of Public-Private Partnerships in the Construction Industry in Uganda

With growing needs for infrastructure financing, many economies are turning to off- balance-sheet financing. In Uganda, for example, the ministry in charge of finance has been trying to find ways to implement projects funded using public-private partnership (PPP) arrangements. PPPs are risk-sharing investments in the provision of public goods and services, seen by governments as a means of launching investment programmes that would not be possible in reasonable amounts of time within the available public-sector budget. However, there has been no in-depth analysis of the factors that are likely to affect the success of PPP projects in developing countries. The objective of the present study is to address this gap and contribute to the knowledge base of success factors for PPP projects in developing countries, using Uganda as a base for data collection. Success factors were identified from the literature and validated using interviews with the three major types of stakeholders in the construction industry, i.e., contractors who represent the private sector and representatives of financial institutions and government departments, who are largely charged with the construction of public facilities. Using questionnaire surveys, the various factors were rated. The factors were then ranked in terms of the importance of the factors for each of the parties involved, using the coefficient of variation. A competitive procurement process, a well- organised private sector, the availability of competent personnel to participate in PPP project implementation, and good governance are the most important cross-cutting factors identified.
A 136-GHz Dynamic Divider in SiGe Technology

A dynamic divide-by-2 circuit is presented. The frequency divider operates from 74 GHz up to at least 136 GHz, limited by the available input power. A balun is included on chip to convert the single-ended input signal to differential, while maintaining input sensitivity better than 0 dBm over the entire frequency range. The divider core has a low power consumption of 72.6 mW from -3.3 V and is implemented in a 210-GHz-fT SiGe bipolar technology. Index Terms — Dynamic divider by 2, F-band, Low power, Miller frequency divider, On-chip balun, Transformer.
Mannitol infusion immediately after reperfusion suppresses the development of focal cortical infarction after temporary cerebral ischemia in gerbils

Previously we found that, after temporary cerebral ischemia, microvasculogenic secondary focal cerebral cortical ischemia occurred, caused by microvascular obstruction due to compression by swollen astrocytic end‐feet, resulting in focal infarction. Herein, we examined whether mannitol infusion immediately after restoration of blood flow could protect the cerebral cortex against the development of such an infarction. If so, the infusion of mannitol might improve the results of vascular reperfusion therapy. We selected stroke‐positive animals during the first 10 min after left carotid occlusion performed twice with a 5‐h interval, and allocated them into four groups: sham‐operated control, no‐treatment, mannitol‐infusion, and saline‐infusion groups. Light‐ and electron‐microscopic studies were performed on cerebral cortices of coronal sections prepared at the chiasmatic level, where the focal infarction develops abruptly in the area where disseminated selective neuronal necrosis is maturing. Measurements were performed to determine the following: (A) infarct size in HE‐stained specimens from all groups at 72 and 120 h after return of blood flow; (B) number of carbon‐black‐suspension‐perfused microvessels in the control and at 0.5, 3, 5, 8, 12 and 24 h in the no‐treatment and mannitol‐infusion groups; (C) area of astrocytic end‐feet; and (D) number of mitochondria in the astrocytic end‐feet in electron microscopic pictures taken at 5 h. The average decimal fraction area ratio of infarct size in the mannitol group was significantly reduced at 72 and 120 h, associated with an increased decimal fraction number ratio of carbon‐black‐suspension‐perfused microvessels at 3, 5 and 8 h, and a marked reduction in the size of the end‐feet at 5 h. Mannitol infusion performed immediately after restitution of blood flow following temporary cerebral ischemia remarkably reduced the size of the cerebral cortical focal infarction by decreasing the swelling of the end‐feet, thus preventing the microvascular compression and stasis and thereby microvasculogenic secondary focal cerebral ischemia.
DAISY: A Practical Tool for Semi-Automated Species Identification

DAISY is a generic pattern matching system [Weeks et al, 1999] which was initially developed at the Natural History Museum in London (BM(NH) under the aegis of BBSRC and UK Government Darwin Initiative funding. The primary rationale for developing this system was to overcome a taxonomic impediment, and to provide a system which would allow non specialists to identify organisms within speciose arthropod genera using a combination of both morphology and molecular data. The DAISY system has been exhaustively tested on a significant number of morphological and moelcular datasets including:
A Decision Tree Algorithm Based on Coordination Degree and Gini-Coefficient

The key to construct a decision tree is depending on how to select the split-attributes. This article presents an improved method which uses principal component analysis to consider comprehensive standard based on coordination degree and Gini-coefficient to overcome the flaw of ID3 algorithm that tended to choose attributes that had more values when chose split-attributes. The arithmetic enhances the effect of classification as experiment show. A final discussion argues for the utility of this algorithm about other aspect.
The peptidergic organization of the cat periaqueductal gray. I. The distribution of immunoreactive enkephalin-containing neurons and terminals

Despite the significant contribution of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) to an endogenous pain suppression system, little is known about its neurochemical organization. Previous pharmacological and physiological studies have indicated regional variations in the effectiveness with which the midbrain PAG can generate potent analgesia in response to either opiate microinjection or electrical stimulation. There is, however, no anatomical correlate of this regional variation. As a first step toward elucidating the neural circuitry underlying the PAG's contribution to endogenous pain suppression systems, we have mapped the distribution of leucine enkephalin (ENK)-like immunoreactivity in the cat PAG. Throughout the rostral-caudal extent of the PAG, ENK- containing neurons are clustered in discrete populations. ENK terminal field staining is somewhat more diffuse; however, there are several regions where terminal staining is consistently more intense. The distribution of ENK perikarya and terminals undergoes a ventral to dorsal shift from caudal to rostral PAG. Conceivably, the clustered distribution of ENK cells and terminals contributes to the differential effectiveness of various PAG regions in generating analgesia. The ventral-dorsal shift of ENK immunoreactivity may (1) correspond to a somatotopic organization within the PAG or (2) mirror the topographic relationship of the PAG's interactions with other components of the endogenous analgesia system. In addition, the changing pattern of ENK immunoreactivity may also reflect the involvement of the PAG and of endogenous opiates in systems other than those of pain control.