Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Life Satisfaction of Subpopulations of Elderly

Although research generally indicates a positive relationship between activity and well-being, the strength of the relationship depends upon the presence or absence of personal and social resources such as health, solvency, residence, and surviving spouse as well as the nature of the activity itself. When such resources diminish, remaining activities take on added significance for maintaining morale. The present study investigates the relationship between elders who are volunteers, employed, or participating in meal site programs, and life satisfaction. The responses of 1400 systematically selected elders to a needs assessment survey in a four-county area in northwestern New England suggest that those individuals experiencing the greatest number of resource deficits, such as living alone, residing in a city, and being in poor health, benefitted the most from participating in these formal activities. An unanticipated finding was that the strongest and most consistent predictor of life satisfaction for disadvantaged elders was participation as a volunteer for the Retired Senior Volunteer Program.
Electrophoretic study of proteins associated with pseudo‐exfoliation syndrome

Abstract Lens capsule and aqueous humour from cata‐ractous eyes with and without pseudo‐exfoliation syndrome have been studied by SDS‐PAGE electrophoresis. Four cataractous lenses with and four without pseudo‐exfoliation were used. The pseudo‐exfoliation positive capsule revealed two polypeptides not present in the control material, and accordingly, these components were regarded to be pseudo‐exfoliation specific. The molecular weight of the respective polypeptides was estimated to be 14400 and 16300. No marked differences were found between the pseudo‐exfoliation positive and negative aqueous humours.
Clinical presentation and follow-up of patients with the attenuated phenotype of mucopolysaccharidosis type I.

AIM To review the heterogeneity and severity of the clinical features at the attenuated end of the mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type I disease spectrum. METHODS The course of disease in 29 patients with attenuated mucopolysaccharidosis I who attended the MPS clinic in Manchester, UK, was reviewed. RESULTS For more than half of the patients, onset of symptoms was in the first 2 y of life, and the age at diagnosis ranged from 15 mo to 40 y. Joint stiffness, corneal clouding, umbilical hernia and recurrent ear, nose and throat symptoms were the commonest features at presentation. Patients experienced significant morbidity during the course of this inherited disease. Skeletal problems predominated and cardiac valve pathology, upper airway obstruction and hearing deficits were detected in a notable number of patients. Nerve decompression for carpal tunnel syndrome, cervical cord decompression, and grommet insertion for serous otitis media were the most frequent surgical interventions. CONCLUSION Clinical presentation of attenuated ("non-Hurler") mucopolysaccharidosis type I is heterogeneous in time of onset and types of clinical features. A better understanding of the spectrum of disease and of the related disease progression will contribute to more accurate diagnosis, and patients will benefit from early intervention.
Towards a Theory of Application for QSTR Systems

A wide variety of qualitative spatial and temporal reasoning systems have now been developed that formalise various commonsense aspects of space and time. Despite this, relatively few applications have made use of the reasoning tasks provided by these systems. We address this in a novel way by adopting the perspective of application designers. We present an outline of QSTR application theory, and use this to develop methodologies that support designers in creating suitable qualitative models, implementing metrics for analysing QSTR applications, and conducting application-level QSTR logic validation.
Multiple Multidimensional Sequence Alignment Using Generalized Dynamic Time Warping

Nowadays, the alignment of multidimensional sequences is required in many applications especially for multimedia data. The ordinary DTW is not well satisfied this condition because it can only align a pair of 1D sequences at once. Applying traditional DTW to these tasks not only makes each pairwise alignments are independent but also causes each dimensions are compared separately. In this paper, the generalized algorithm of Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) is proposed for multiple multidimensional time series alignments, called Multiple Multidimensional Dynamic Time Warping (MM-DTW). This algorithm utilizes all dimensions to obtain the optimal path and aligns multiple signals simultaneously. After alignment, the regular similarity measurement can be used to these aligned signals. The performances of MM-DTW are investigated by the nearest neighbor classifier compared to the ordinary DTW and its multidimensional modified algorithm. Experiments on real-world application, Query by humming, demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed method over the other algorithms.
Smiling, Frowning, and Autonomic Activity in Mildly Depressed and Nondepressed Men in Response to Emotional Imagery of Social Contexts

The study examined self-reported emotion and facial muscle and autonomic activity of depressed and nondepressed men in response to the social context of emotional situations. 20 university men, assessed on the Beck Depression Inventory, were asked to imagine happy and sad situations with and without visualizing other people. No differences were found between men classified as depressed and nondepressed on self-reported emotion and facial muscle activity. Smiling did not show differences between social contexts although self-reported happiness was increased during happy-social compared to happy-solitary imagery. Adjusting smiling for social context differences in happiness showed less smiling during happy-social than during happy-solitary imagery. In contrast, self-reported sadness and frowning were greater during sad-social compared to sad-solitary imagery. No differences between social contexts were found when frowning was adjusted for social context differences in sadness. Depressed-scoring men showed higher mean heart rate during sad-social than sad-solitary imagery whereas nondepressed-scoring men showed higher mean heart rate during happy-social compared to happy-solitary imagery. The results indicate that men may frown more when sad but generally do not smile more during happy-social imagery, independent of depression. Depressed mood may affect heart rate during sad imagery but may not alter facial muscle activity and self-reported emotion in men.
Making Sense of Arson Through Classification

Arson classification efforts are an attempt to make sense of a complex whole. To a greater or lesser extent typologies offered to date have relied on assumed motive. More recently, systems that combine information about offender characteristics and/or offence features have become increasingly popular. The ability to categorise arsonists accurately has significant implications for both mental health professionals and fire authorities. It is important to understand the limitations of arson classification systems generally to be able to apply them judiciously. This article discusses arson classification systems and examines three key approaches before providing an overview of some of the limitations of arson typologies generally.
Impaired neurotransmission caused by overexpression of α-synuclein in nigral dopamine neurons

We used in vivo amperometry to monitor changes in synaptic dopamine (DA) release in the striatum induced by overexpression of human wild-type α-synuclein in nigral DA neurons, induced by injection of an adeno-associated virus type 6 (AAV6)–α-synuclein vector unilaterally into the substantia nigra in adult rats. Impairments in DA release evolved in parallel with the development of degenerative changes in the nigrostriatal axons and terminals. The earliest change, seen 10 d after vector injection, was a marked, ≈50%, reduction in DA reuptake, consistent with an early dysfunction of the DA transporter that developed before any overt signs of axonal damage. At 3 wk, when the first signs of axonal damage were observed, the amount of DA released after a KCl pulse was reduced by 70–80%, and peak DA concentration was delayed, indicating an impaired release mechanism. At later time points, 8–16 wk, overall striatal innervation density was reduced by 60–80% and accompanied by abundant signs of axonal damage in the form of α-synuclein aggregates, axonal swellings, and dystrophic axonal profiles. At this stage DA release and reuptake were profoundly reduced, by 80–90%. The early changes in synaptic DA release induced by overexpression of human α-synuclein support the idea that early predegenerative changes in the handling of DA may initiate, and drive, a progressive degenerative process that hits the axons and terminals first. Synaptic dysfunction and axonopathy would thus be the hallmark of presymptomatic and early-stage Parkinson disease, followed by neuronal degeneration and cell loss, characteristic of more advanced stages of the disease.
Personal souvenirs as ambient intelligent objects

Recollecting memories is an important everyday activity, which can be supported in an Ambient Intelligent environment. For optimal support cues are needed that make people reconstruct their memories. The cue category that is most suitable for an Ambient Intelligent environment concerns physical objects, more specifically souvenirs. This paper shows that personal souvenirs are suitable for usage in an Ambient Intelligent recollecting application.
Radiosity and hybrid methods

We examine various solutions to the global illumination problem, based on an exact mathematical analysis of the rendering equation. In addition to introducing efficient radiosity algorithms, we present a uniform approach to reformulate all of the basic radiosity equations used so far. Using hybrid methods we are able to analyze possible combinations of the view-dependent ray-tracing method and of the low-resolution radiosity-based method, and to offer new algorithms.
Whole Body Motion Planning

The invention concerns a method and apparatus for providing frequency control of an oscillator circuit. The apparatus includes an oscillator (9), an error estimator (10) fr producing a set of error estimates and a median filter (11) for producing a median value from the set of estimates. The median filter (11) is connected to the oscillator (9) which is responsive to the median value to vary its frequency thereby reducing the error.
On Recalling Ant

The paper explores one after the other the four difficulties of actor-network theory, that is the words ‘actor’, ‘network’ and ‘theory’—without forgetting the hyphen. It tries to refocus the originality of what is more a method to deploy the actor's own world building activities than an alternative social theory. Finally, it sketches some of its remaining potential.
Taking Teaching Seriously: Institutional and Individual Dilemmas.

Taking teaching "seriously" in many postsecondary institutions would be forging new, unexplored policy territory. ' In many institutions, particularly more elite ones, teaching has long been an essentially private act, at least vis-'a-vis one's colleagues and superordinates. Direct evaluation, if it occurs, is often done only by students, whose dissatisfactions are either suspect or insufficiently puissant. For that reason, teaching inadequacies alone have rarely threatened faculty. Given recent interest in assessing the quality and effectiveness of teaching and learning within the postsecondary domain, however, particularly among politicians, improving instruction may become an important institutional issue [19]. As higher education institutions attempt to regulate or monitor instructional activities of their faculty, some will purport to couple more tightly classroom competence and such ultimatejob rewards as promotion and tenure. Insuring instructional "accountability" poses complex managerial problems, including the prospect of lawsuits. Although courts will normally defer to institutional judgment, a deference that universities have aggressively demanded in all employment matters [26], the inevitable instinct of individual faculty (or faculty groups) who are unhappy with processes or outcomes will be to assert academic freedom claims, either individually or collectively.
New targets for disease modifying osteoarthritis drugs: chondrogenesis and Runx1

Osteoarthritis (OA) has recently been defined as a ‘whole joint’ disease with pathological changes in all tissues, including articular cartilage degradation, subchondral bone thickening, osteophyte formation, synovial inflammation and degeneration of ligaments, and, in the knee, the menisci.1 OA is a chronic musculoskeletal disease that leads to pain and severe impairment of mobility. OA is the main cause of work incapacity and one of the most common reasons for visiting primary care physicians; its prevalence reaches up to 40% of people over the age of 70.2 In later stages of OA, patients experience limited mobility and persistent pain, often requiring reconstructive surgery at that time. Although OA is the most prevalent rheumatic disease, affecting 40 million patients in Europe, existing therapies are symptomatic and pursue only pain alleviation with no effect on slowing disease progression.3 ,4 While affecting all structures within a joint, OA has generally been defined as a disease characterised by loss of hyaline articular cartilage. Adult articular cartilage exists as four distinct cellular zones. The superficial zone consists of one to two layers of flattened chondrocytes expressing proteoglycan 4 or lubricin, SRY-box 9 (Sox9), type II collagen, aggrecan, tenascin C and low levels of cartilage intermediate layer protein. Chondrocytes of the intermediate zone are round in appearance, do not express lubricin, but do express higher levels of cartilage intermediate layer protein. The chondrocytes of the radial and calcified zones express markers of chondrocyte differentiation and hypertrophy, such as type X collagen and alkaline phosphatase. Each of the articular cartilage regions is normally maintained throughout adulthood unless stress-related injury, inflammation or a genetic defect leads to the loss of either the signals required to maintain these cells or the signals required to inhibit excessive differentiation of these cells. Disruption or impairment of the signals …
The Association Research about China's Bond Market and Stock Market

from co-integration test, error correction model analysis and the Granger causality test, we found that there is a co-integration relationship between China's bond market and stock market in volume, but there is no Granger causality between the two markets. Overall, the connection between China's bond market and stock market is low, the reaction of the information is not particularly fast, and the two markets are in segmentation state. Based on positive research, some relevant suggestions will be put forward for the above conclusions.
Pharmacokinetics of Local Anesthetics During Plexus Blocks

A new model for the study of pharmacokinetics of local anesthetics is described which allows the separate determination of onset and recovery of sensory and motor blockade in peripheral (mantle) and central (core) bundles within nerve trunks. The data obtained with this model indicate that in man the sequence and pattern of both onset of and recovery from blockade differ from those predicted on the basis of available laboratory data. Results of this study indicate that in man, following the subclavian perivascular injection of 1 percent lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine the onset of motor blockade precedes, or at least occurs simultaneously with, sensory blockade, 1st in the mantle bundles and then in the core bundles. Furthermore, significant motor blockade persists as long as, if not longer than, sensory blockade in both the mantle and the core fibers, but with recovery occurring 1st in the core bundles and last in the mantle bundles. The reason that motor onset precedes sensory onset is related to the fact that because of the somatotopic arrangement of fibers in a nerve bundle at the level of the trunks, motor fibers are located more peripherally than sensory fibers, and hence a local anesthetic injected perineurally will arrive at (and begin to block) motor fibers before it arrives at the more centrally located sensory fibers. The reason that significant motor blockade outlasts sensory blockade and that the block recedes in the hand before it recedes in the upper arm is presumably that, because of the intraneural vascular architecture, as the intraneural vessels move from periphery to core, branching and rebranching, the interface between blood vessels and nerve fibrils increases progressively. Thus after the establishment of complete blockade, there will be a greater uptake of local anesthetic in the central portions of the nerve than in the periphery. Therefore, the more central fibers, ie, the sensory fibers, recover first, followed by the more peripherally placed motor fibers.
A schema theory of discrete motor skill learning.

A number of closed-loop postulations to explain motor skills learning and performance phenomena have appeared recently, but each of these views suffers from either (a) logical problems in explaining the phenomena or (b) predictions that are not supported by the empirical evidence. After these difficulties are discussed, a new theory for discrete motor learning is proposed that seems capable of explaining the existing findings. The theory is based on the notion of the schema and uses a recall memory to produce movement and a recognition memory to evaluate response correctness. Some of the predictions are mentioned, research techniques and paradigms that can be used to test the predictions are listed, and data in support of the theory are presented.
An Intelligent Method Based on State Space Search for Automatic Test Case Generation

Search-Based Software Testing reformulates testing as search problems so that test case generation can be automated by some chosen search algorithms. This paper reformulates path-oriented test case generation as a state space search problem and proposes an intelligent method Best-First-Search Branch & Bound to solve it, utilizing the algorithms of Branch & Bound and Backtrack to search the space of potential test cases and adopting bisection to lower the bounds of the search space. We also propose an optimization method by removing irrelevant variables. Experiments show that the proposed search method generates test cases with promising performance and outperforms some MetaHeuristic Search algorithms.
Vagal Intramuscular Arrays: The Specialized Mechanoreceptor Arbors That Innervate the Smooth Muscle Layers of the Stomach Examined in the Rat

The fundamental roles that the stomach plays in ingestion and digestion notwithstanding, little morphological information is available on vagal intramuscular arrays (IMAs), the afferents that innervate gastric smooth muscle. To characterize IMAs better, rats were given injections of dextran biotin in the nodose ganglia, and, after tracer transport, stomach whole mounts were collected. Specimens were processed for avidin–biotin permanent labeling, and subsets of the whole mounts were immunohistochemically processed for c‐Kit or stained with cuprolinic blue. IMAs (n = 184) were digitized for morphometry and mapping. Throughout the gastric muscle wall, IMAs possessed common phenotypic features. Each IMA was generated by a parent neurite arborizing extensively, forming an array of multiple (mean = 212) branches averaging 193 µm in length. These branches paralleled, and coursed in apposition with, bundles of muscle fibers and interstitial cells of Cajal. Individual arrays averaged 4.3 mm in length and innervated volumes of muscle sheet, presumptive receptive fields, averaging 0.1 mm3. Evaluated by region and by muscle sheet, IMAs displayed architectural adaptations to the different loci. A subset (32%) of circular muscle IMAs issued specialized polymorphic collaterals to myenteric ganglia, and a subset (41%) of antral longitudinal muscle IMAs formed specialized net endings associated with the serosal boundary. IMAs were concentrated in regional patterns that correlated with the unique biomechanical adaptations of the stomach, specifically proximal stomach reservoir functions and antral emptying operations. Overall, the structural adaptations and distributions of the IMAs were consonant with the hypothesized stretch receptor roles of the afferents. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:713–737, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Early Local Cytokine Profiles in Strains of Mice with Different Outcomes from Chlamydial Genital Tract Infection

ABSTRACT In this study, we expand on the examination of genetically determined differences in host responses that correlate with clearance of Chlamydia trachomatis from the genital tract. We infected C57BL/6, BALB/c, and C3H/HeN mice with the mouse pneumonitis agent of C. trachomatis (MoPn). C57BL/6 mice had the shortest course of infection (22 days) and the lowest incidence of severe hydrosalpinx. BALB/c mice also had a short course of infection (25 days), but all developed hydrosalpinx. C3H/HeN mice had the longest course of infection (38 days), and all developed severe hydrosalpinx. Determination of local cytokine responses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of genital tract secretions revealed that the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were significantly increased in the C57BL/6 and BALB/c strains compared to those in the C3H/HeN strain whereas the level of IL-6 was not different. The level of the neutrophil chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) was increased during the first week of infection in all three strains but was significantly higher in the BALB/c strain, the strain with the most rapid influx of neutrophils into the genital tract. Prolonged detection of MIP-2 in C3H/HeN mice was associated with a protracted presence of neutrophils in the genital tract. Early increases in the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β are associated with earlier eradication of infection in the C57BL/6 and BALB/c strains than in the C3H/HeN strain. Increased levels of MIP-2 and neutrophils in BALB/c and C3H/HeN mice relative to C57BL/6 mice suggest that these responses may contribute to pathology.