Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of warning and working memory span on the creation of false memories

The purpose of this study was to analyse the impact of working memory span and warning participants about the nature of the DRM paradigm on creation of false memories, and number of correctly recalled words. The participants in this study were 40 in total, 8 males and 32 females. Working memory span was measured using the Operation Span Task (OSPAN). Participants listened to 20 of the DRM lists, 10 before warning and 10 after receiving warning, and had to recall as many words as they could from each list. Two hypotheses were tested. The first hypothesis stated that those participants with higher working memory span recall greater amount of correct words than those with low working memory. The second hypothesis stated that those participants with higher working memory would reduce their false memories more than those with low working memory after receiving warning. Results revealed that participants with higher working memory span correctly recalled greater number of words than participants with lower working memory in both tasks. The warning participants received had a significant impact on the number of recalled critical words regardless of working memory group. Keywords: DRM paradigm, false memories, critical lure, working memory, correct words Útdráttur Markmið þessarar rannsóknar var að skoða áhrif vinnsluminnis og viðvörunar um eðli DRM listanna, á sköpun falskra minninga og fjölda réttra endurkallaðra orða. Þátttakendur rannsóknarinnar voru 40 talsins, 8 karlmenn og 32 konur. Vinnsluminnisspönn var mæld með Operation Span Task (OSPAN). Þátttakendur hlutstuðu á upptöku af 20 DRM orðalistum, 10 listum áður en þeir fengu viðvörun og 10 eftir að þeir fengu viðvörun. Þátttakendur áttu svo að reyna að endurkalla eins mörg orð og þeir gátu úr hverjum lista fyrir sig. Tvær tilgátur voru prófaðar. Fyrsta tilgátan gekk út frá því að þeir þátttakendur sem höfðu hærri vinnsluminnisspönn endurkölluðu fleiri rétt orð heldur en þeir þátttakendur sem höfðu lágt vinnsluminni. Seinni tilgátan gekk aftur út frá því að þeir þátttakendur sem höfðu hærri vinnsluminnisspönn draga meira úr fölskum minningum heldur en þeir sem höfðu lægra vinnsluminni eftir að hafa fengið viðvörun. Niðurstöður leiddu í ljós að þátttakendur með hærri vinnsluminnisspönn endurkölluðu marktækt fleiri rétt orð heldur en þátttakendur með lægri vinnsluminnisspönn. Viðvörunin sem þátttakendur fengu hafði marktæk áhrif á fjölda tálorða óháð vinnsluminnisspönn. WORKING MEMORY AND WARNING: CREATION OF FALSE MEMORIES
ON THE CONTROL OF ROBOTIC MANIPULATORS

The motion of robotic manipulators is controlled by actuators driving the joints of the manipulator. The actuators can be electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic. A brief account is given of the different types of actuators. The main issues regarding the control of robotic manipulators are summarized. Also, a selective literature survey of the topic is given.
Generation and Efficacy Evaluation of Recombinant Classical Swine Fever Virus E2 Glycoprotein Expressed in Stable Transgenic Mammalian Cell Line

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is the causative agent of classical swine fever (CSF), which is a highly contagious swine disease that causes significant economic loses to the pig industry worldwide. The envelope E2 glycoprotein of CSFV is the most important viral antigen in inducing protective immune response against CSF. In this study, we generated a mammalian cell clone (BCSFV-E2) that could stably produce a secreted form of CSFV E2 protein (mE2). The mE2 protein was shown to be N-linked glycosylated and formed a homodimer. The vaccine efficacy of mE2 was evaluated by immunizing pigs. Twenty-five 6-week-old Landrace piglets were randomly divided into five groups. Four groups were intramuscularly immunized with mE2 emulsified in different adjuvants twice at four-week intervals. One group was used as the control group. All mE2-vaccinated pigs developed CSFV-neutralizing antibodies two weeks after the first vaccination with neutralizing antibody titers ranging from 1∶40 to 1∶320. Two weeks after the booster vaccination, the neutralizing antibody titers increased greatly and ranged from 1∶10,240 to 1∶81,920. At 28 weeks after the booster vaccine was administered, the neutralizing antibody titers ranged from 1∶80 to 1∶10240. At 32 weeks after the first vaccination, pigs in all the groups were challenged with a virulent CSFV strain at a dose of 1×105 TCID50. At two weeks after the challenge, all the mE2-immunized pigs survived and exhibited no obvious symptoms of CSF. The neutralizing antibody titer at this time was 20,480. Unvaccinated pigs in the control group exhibited symptoms of CSF 3–4 days after challenge and were euthanized from 7–9 days after challenge when the pigs became moribund. These results indicate that the mE2 is a good candidate for the development of a safe and effective CSFV subunit vaccine.
Phonological Processing in Children With Specific Reading Disorder Versus Typical Learners: Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance in a Transparent Orthography

Although children with specific reading disorder (RD) have often been compared to typically achieving children on various phonological processing tasks, to our knowledge no study so far has examined whether the structure of phonological processing applies to both groups of children alike. According to Wagner and Torgesen (1987), phonological processing consists of 3 distinct constructs: phonological awareness (PA), rapid automatized naming (RAN), and the phonological loop (PL) of working memory. The present study examined whether this phonological processing model which was originally developed for English orthography is also applicable to a more transparent language such as German. Furthermore, we tested whether the structure of phonological processing is invariant across typically achieving children and children with RD. Therefore, 209 German-speaking 3rd graders (100 typical learners and 109 children with RD) completed a comprehensive test battery assessing PA, RAN, and PL. Using confirmatory factor analyses, we compared the latent structure of these phonological processing skills across both groups. The study yielded 3 important findings: First, Wagner and Torgesen’s (1987) model transfers to the German language and its orthography with transparent grapheme-to-phoneme correspondences. Second, the tripartite structure of phonological processing was evident across both groups (factorial invariance). Third, group invariance was also found for the measurement and structural components of the model (measurement invariance). These findings suggest that the nature of phonological processing is invariant across typically achieving children and children with RD acquiring the transparent orthography of German. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Simulating growth of the h-index

Temporal growth of the h-index in a diachronous cumulative time series is predicted to be linear by Hirsch (2005), whereas other models predict a concave increase. Actual data generally yield a linear growth or S-shaped growth. We study the h-index’s growth in computer simulations of the publication-citation process. In most simulations the h-index grows linearly in time. Only occasionally does an S-shape occur, while in our simulations a concave increase is very rare. The latter is often signalled by the occurrence of plateaus—periods of h-index stagnation. Several parameters and their influence on the h-index’s growth are determined and discussed.
Using the Multiple Instance Learning framework to address differential regulation

Cell differentiation is a natural process occurring in all higher organisms, since the early fetal stage of life. It is, also, a part of disease – such as cancer – as the cell cycle becomes deregulated and cells behave differently compared to healthy ones. Differentiation occurs although the genome of all cells is identical across all cell types of the same organism. The motivation behind the current work is to understand why this happens. Cells differentiate because of different gene expression patterns. The genomic features close or around a gene determine its expression. One of these genomic features is the binding of Transcription Factors (TFs), which are proteins that bind in the promoter region of genes and are responsible for their (non-) expression. Other genomic features in? uence the binding of TFs close to genes, such as the accessibility of DNA, the levels of DNA methylation or the modi? cation of histones. The purpose of this study is to identify the genomic features that in? uence the binding of the TFs that are responsible for gene expression. Normal classi? cation cannot express that multiple TFs need to bind in a gene’s promoter region for it to be expressed and the number of TFs varies among genes. The TF labels are also unknown, meaning that it is not known which TF, or TFs, is/are responsible for gene expression. For these reasons, this problem – and the data – ? ts the Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) framework. A method is formulated, where a gene is treated as a bag and all the TF binding sites are instances. The results are promising, as TFs that were selected as important for gene expression were found to be so in a biological example.
An independent brain–computer interface using covert non-spatial visual selective attention

In this paper, a novel independent brain–computer interface (BCI) system based on covert non-spatial visual selective attention of two superimposed illusory surfaces is described. Perception of two superimposed surfaces was induced by two sets of dots with different colors rotating in opposite directions. The surfaces flickered at different frequencies and elicited distinguishable steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) over parietal and occipital areas of the brain. By selectively attending to one of the two surfaces, the SSVEP amplitude at the corresponding frequency was enhanced. An online BCI system utilizing the attentional modulation of SSVEP was implemented and a 3-day online training program with healthy subjects was carried out. The study was conducted with Chinese subjects at Tsinghua University, and German subjects at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) using identical stimulation software and equivalent technical setup. A general improvement of control accuracy with training was observed in 8 out of 18 subjects. An averaged online classification accuracy of 72.6 ± 16.1% was achieved on the last training day. The system renders SSVEP-based BCI paradigms possible for paralyzed patients with substantial head or ocular motor impairments by employing covert attention shifts instead of changing gaze direction.
Inferring cluster-based networks from differently stimulated multiple time-course gene expression data

Motivation: Clustering and gene network inference often help to predict the biological functions of gene subsets. Recently, researchers have accumulated a large amount of time-course transcriptome data collected under different treatment conditions to understand the physiological states of cells in response to extracellular stimuli and to identify drug-responsive genes. Although a variety of statistical methods for clustering and inferring gene networks from expression profiles have been proposed, most of these are not tailored to simultaneously treat expression data collected under multiple stimulation conditions. Results: We propose a new statistical method for analyzing temporal profiles under multiple experimental conditions. Our method simultaneously performs clustering of temporal expression profiles and inference of regulatory relationships among gene clusters. We applied this method to MCF7 human breast cancer cells treated with epidermal growth factor and heregulin which induce cellular proliferation and differentiation, respectively. The results showed that the method is useful for extracting biologically relevant information. Availability: A MATLAB implementation of the method is available from http://csb.gsc. riken.jp/yshira/software/clusterNetwork.zip Contact: yshira@riken.jp Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Computability As A Test On Linguistics Theories

Scientific theories are more than purely formal constructs, but linguistic artefacts that often rely on the rhetorical qualities of language to give their claims additional resonance and argumentative force. This reliance of theory upon language is even greater in those theoretical domains whose main concern is language itself, leading to a sometimes convenient blurring of content and form. Though Cognitive Linguistics has consistently revealed metaphor to be a fundamental building block in the development of complex conceptualizations, Cognitive Linguistic theories often exploit metaphor as an allusive place-holder when more formal clarity is demanded. Nonetheless, in this paper we argue that one such metaphor – the MIND-AS-COMPUTER metaphor that underlies the enterprises of Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science – can yield precisely the kind of formal clarity that is required by the most suggestive or radical of theories in Cognitive Linguistics. An exploration of how this metaphor informs the computational realization of cognitive theories will allow us to illuminate the often wide gap that exists between the descriptive suggestiveness of a linguistic theory and its actual computational sufficiency.
Organising and leading systematic quality work in the preschool – preschool managers’ perspectives

ABSTRACT Preschool managers’ responsibility for and leadership of systematic quality work has come to the fore in connection with changes made to the Swedish preschool curriculum. The aim of this study is to contribute to the understanding of preschool managers’ leadership and management of the systematic quality work in Swedish preschools with reference to three specific domains: (i) governance, leadership/management and organisation, (ii) content and methods and (iii) development work and collegiate learning. Using qualitative methods, 18 preschool managers’ perspectives of leading systematic quality work have been analysed in relation to previous research. The results show a tension between linear and interactive forms of governance in the systematic quality work, but also that knowledge gaps among the staff can lead to uncertainties that the preschool manager has to address. At the same time, the results show the diversity of and variation in how children’s development and increased proficiency are documented, while the documentation of the quality of the work focuses on learning environments rather than on teaching and teacher competence. In the study, there are traces of what can be characterised as leadership for learning. This needs to be investigated more closely using other methods in future research.
Effect of rituximab on the peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid B cells in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND Rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that depletes CD20(+) B cells, has demonstrated efficacy in peripheral neurological diseases. Whether this efficacy can be translated to neurological diseases of the central nervous system with possible autoimmune B-cell involvement remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of rituximab on cerebrospinal fluid B cells in patients with multiple sclerosis. DESIGN Four patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis were treated with rituximab. Cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood B-cell subsets were identified by flow cytometry from each patient before and after rituximab treatment. RESULTS The B cells in cerebrospinal fluid were not as effectively depleted as their peripheral blood counterparts. Rituximab treatment temporarily suppressed the activation state of B cells in cerebrospinal fluid. The residual B cells underwent expansion after rituximab treatment. CONCLUSION The effect(s) of rituximab on the cerebrospinal fluid B-cell compartment is limited in comparison with the effect(s) on the B cells in the periphery, but this finding will need to be confirmed in a larger group of MS patients.
Identifying questions on Turkish tweets

Nowadays Twitter is one of the most used social media platform. Twitter is not only platform of sharing information it is also become a platform of question asking. In this study, we try to identify questions on tweets which is broadcasting in Turkish. The main goal is identifying questions automatically and in the future answering them automatically. For this reason in this paper, it is given identifying real question process.
Bargaining with Reference Dependent Preferences

In real bargaining contexts, psychology does seem to play an important role. The game theoretic approaches to bargaining which endogenize the bargaining strategies of the parties (see Osborne-Rubinstein 1990 for a review) largely ignore psychological considerations. Psychology has pointed out a number of deviations form standard behaviors (see Rabin for a recent survey). In particular, there seems to be ample evidence that subjects’ preferences are defined relative to reference points (see Tversky and Khaneman) and that these reference points may shift over time. Several authors have investigated the effects of shifting reference points in consumption models (Gilboa Smeidler, Strahilevitz-Loewenstein). The aim of this paper is to analyze the strategic implications of shifting reference points in bargaining games a la Rubinstein. Our main hypothesis is that a player’s reference point may shift from one bargaining phase to the next, as a function of the offers received in the past. Our main finding is that bargaining parties will reach agreements gradually as opposed to immediately as a result of these shifting reference points. The ∗CERAS-ENPC, e-mail compte@enpc.fr.
The eclectic economist: a guide for becoming a radical pluralist

The aim of this thesis is to explore eclecticism, its relationship with pluralism and to achieve a suitable definition and justification for its adoption with regard to economic research. In this dissertation eclecticism shall be understood as a philosophical leitmotif for the individual researcher to be unprejudiced, to have no commitment to a particular school of thought but to treat them all as a priori valuable for the pursuit of one's research aspiration by deliberately choosing from the available range of historical and modern economic concepts, ideas, theories and practices. To achieve this particular aim, this thesis i) investigates the history of eclecticism as a philosophical concept as well as its modern applications, ii) develops a differentiation between eclecticism and pluralism based on an inquiry into the pluralist literature, iii) formulates a suitable definition of eclecticism and iv) develops a justification for eclectic research in economics. The justification formulated in this thesis specifically focuses on the question of how eclectic choice of theory, methods and concepts from different schools of thought can be made without commitment to any reference framework that would define the criteria from which to choose from. The result of the philosophical enquiry suggests that eclectic choice is justified, when choice is understood as migration between different cognitive aims and methodological norms (Laudan, 1978, 1987, 1996) on different levels of abstraction, and can become necessary when this migration is used to trigger epistemological crises (MacIntyre, 1977), which are events for a school of thought, or entire disciplines, to make any intellectual progress. The research further argues that migration on the level of schools of thought, and their respected cognitive aims and methodological norms, remains easy for the eclectic. On the other hand, migration between higher levels becomes increasingly difficult the further one moves to those higher levels. The thesis concludes that eclecticism is a recommendable research philosophy for the individual economists, who wishes to internalise pluralism.
Towards a multi-scaled Functional-Structural Model of apple, linking ecophysiology at the fruit and branch scales

A multitude of data on eco-physiological processes in apple (Malus × domestica) is available, concerning various aspects of fruit growth and development, fruit quality, or leaf photosynthesis. However, despite the wealth of data and studies many processes leading to (inter-annual and intra-arboreal) heterogeneity in quantity of fruit production as well as fruit quality are still only poorly understood at the branch level. Current Functional-Structural Plant Models of apple have targeted canopy architecture, i.e. development of vegetative structures. Here we will present a concept to apply the FSPM paradigm to the simulation of assimilation (source), transport and consumption (sink) of carbon in the context of a static structure representing the limb (fruit-bearing branch).
Risk factors for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus colonization in hematologic patients.

BACKGROUND/AIM Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) is one of the most important hospital pathogens. The aim of the study was to evaluate VRE colonization in patients hospitalized at the Hematology Intensive Care Unit, as well as the associated risk factors. METHODS A prospective cohort study involved 70 patients hospitalized at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Clinic for Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, during 3 months. Baseline demographic data, data about antibiotic usage and other risk factors for VRE colonization during the present and previous hospitalizations (within 6 months) were recorded for each patient using the questionnaire. Feces or rectal swab was collected for culture from patients on admission and at discharge in case when VRE was not isolated on admission. Enterococci were isolated by standard microbiological methods. Isolate sensitivity was tested by disk-diffusion test using 30 microg/mL (BBL) Vancomycin plates according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standard. RESULTS Analysing results showed that 7% of the patients had been already colonized with VRE upon ICU admission. The rate of VRE colonization during present hospitalization was 41.5%. Univariate logistic regression demonstrated the statistically significant differences in diagnosis, length of present stay, use of aminoglycosides and piperacillin/tazobactam in present hospitalization, duration of use of carbapenem and piperacillin/tazobactam in present hospitalization between the VRE-colonized and non-colonized patients. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), use of carbapenem in previous hospitalization and duration of use of piperacillin/tazobactam in present hospitalization were independent risk factors for VRE-colonized patients according to multivariate logistic regression. CONCLUSION VRE colonization rate was high among the patients admitted to hematology ICU. Rational use of antibiotics and active surveillance may be helpful preventive measures against the development of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents.