Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Occupational frustration variables of the librarians in public universities in South-west Nigeria

Frustrations abound in virtually all human engagements and professions, library and information services inclusive. Consequently, this study employed a survey research method to investigate the incidence of occupational frustration variables among librarians in the public owned university in South-West Nigeria, thirteen University libraries were involved. 253 librarians from these institutions responded to the questionnaire used to gather data. The study confirmed the existence of occupational frustrations variables among the librarians. Some of these are stress, technostress, poor motivation, poor working environment, and infrastructural problem. The study in conclusion proffered nine cogent recommendations towards alleviating or reducing the incidence of occupational frustrations among the librarians. Some of these are provision of adequate funding for the libraries, involvement of librarians in decision making and provision of continuous education and training opportunities for the librarians.
State Gender Inequality, Socioeconomic Status and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in India: A Multilevel Analysis

While a growing body of literature has investigated the health impact of intimate partner violence (IPV), less has been written on the social determinants of IPV. The authors use multilevel modeling methods to analyze data from a sample of 83,627 women in India to examine the socioeconomic and demographic patterning of the state- and neighborhood-level variation in, and the state- and/or neighborhood-level characteristics related to, IPV. This study finds social gradients in IPV in which women who are uneducated, from marginalized castes, and living in poor households have higher likelihood of reporting IPV than those living in advantaged circumstances. The results also show differences in IPV between neighborhoods and between states that are partially explained by state levels of gender inequality. The results suggest that changing cultural norms to promote the status of women and increasing the educational and economic opportunities for all people could decrease the prevalence of IPV.
Phosphorylation of Ser-129 Is the Dominant Pathological Modification of α-Synuclein in Familial and Sporadic Lewy Body Disease*

A comprehensive, unbiased inventory of synuclein forms present in Lewy bodies from patients with dementia with Lewy bodies was carried out using two-dimensional immunoblot analysis, novel sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with modification-specific synuclein antibodies, and mass spectroscopy. The predominant modification of α-synuclein in Lewy bodies is a single phosphorylation at Ser-129. In addition, there is a set of characteristic modifications that are present to a lesser extent, including ubiquitination at Lys residues 12, 21, and 23 and specific truncations at Asp-115, Asp-119, Asn-122, Tyr-133, and Asp-135. No other modifications are detectable by tandem mass spectrometry mapping, except for a ubiquitous N-terminal acetylation. Small amounts of Ser-129 phosphorylated and Asp-119-truncated α-synuclein are present in the soluble fraction of both normal and disease brains, suggesting that these Lewy body-associated forms are produced during normal metabolism of α-synuclein. In contrast, ubiquitination is only detected in Lewy bodies and is primarily present on phosphorylated synuclein; it therefore likely occurs after phosphorylated synuclein has deposited into Lewy bodies. This invariant pattern of specific phosphorylation, truncation, and ubiquitination is also present in the detergent-insoluble fraction of brain from patients with familial Parkinson's disease (synuclein A53T mutation) as well as multiple system atrophy, suggesting a common pathogenic pathway for both genetic and sporadic Lewy body diseases. These observations are most consistent with a model in which preferential accumulation of normally produced Ser-129 phosphorylated α-synuclein is the key event responsible for the formation of Lewy bodies in various Lewy body diseases.
The Brother-in-Law Effect

Ordinarily labor market equilibrium implies that the marginal worker is indifferent to employment, and that the employer is indifferent between equally productive employees. When the marginal worker is indifferent to employment, employer preferences do not matter. If, however, the marginal worker strictly prefers to be employed, the employer can give favors, and may wish to do so even at some cost to efficient production. Not only may inefficient workers be employed, but the employer may also choose to employ too many workers. We refer to this as the brother-in law effect. When the brother-in-law effect is due to unionization, employment of brothers-inlaw leads to increased employment - under some circumstances leading even to over employment relative to the workforce that would be employed without unionization. If the employment effect is strong - because brothers-in-law are relatively good workers - nepotism improves efficiency. If the employment effect is weak - including in principalagent models where there are informational rents - nepotism is inefficient.
A Constitution of Democratic Experimentalism

In this Article, Professors Dorf and Sabel identify a new form of government, democratic experimentalism, in which power is decentralized to enable citizens and other actors to utilize their local knowledge to fit solutions to their individual circumstances, but in which regional and national coordinating bodies require actors to share their knowledge with others facing similar problems. This information pooling, informed by the example of novel kinds of coordination within and among private firms, both increases the efficiency of public administration by encouraging mutual learning among its parts and heightens its accountability through participation of citizens in the decisions that affect them.In democratic experimentalism, subnational units of government are broadly free to set goals and to choose the means to attain them. Regulatory agencies set and ensure compliance with national objectives by means of bestpractice performance standards based on information that regulated entities provide in return for the freedom to experiment with solutions they prefer. The authors argue that this type of self-government is currently emerging in settings as diverse as the regulation of nuclear power plants, community policing, procurement of sophisticated military hardware, environmental regulation, and child-protective services.The Article claims further that a shift towards democratic experimentalism holds out the promise of reducing the distance between, on the one hand, the Madisonian ideal of a limited government assured by a complex division of powers and, on the other hand, the governmental reality characteristic of the New Deal synthesis, in which an all-powerful Congress delegates much of its authority to expert agencies that are checked by the courts when they infringe individual rights, but are otherwise assumed to act in the public interest. Professors Dorf and Sabel argue that the combination of decentralization and mutual monitoring intrinsic to democratic experimentalism better protects the constitutional ideal than do doctrines offederalism and the separation of powers, so at odds with current circumstances, that courts recognize the futility of applying them consistently in practice by limiting themselves to fitful declarations of their validity in principle.
Shorter measures: the changing ministerial career in Canada

: Characteristics of ministerial careers - the length of time cabinet ministers hold office, the number and type of portfolios they hold, ministers' pre-cabinet political experience, the circumstances of their leaving cabinet, and the like - constitute an important but understudied aspect of Canadian cabinets. This article examines career patterns among the 1,375 individuals who held ministerial office in the ten provinces between the mid-1940s and the mid-1990s. Evidence of sweeping changes in the basic contours of provincial ministerial careers since World War II is presented and analyzed. Possible implications of these changes on internal cabinet dynamics are discussed. Sommaire: Les caracteristiques des carriers ministerielles (la duree du mandat des membres du Conseil des ministers, le nombre et le type de leurs portefeuilles, leur experience politique pre-ministerielle, les circumstances dans lesquelles ils ont quitte le Conseil des ministers, et ainsi de suite) sont un element important mais peu etudie des Conseils des ministers au Canada. Cette etude examine les schemas de carriere des 1 375 personnes ayant occupe le poste de ministre dans les dix provinces entre le milieu des annees 1940 et le milieu des annees 1990. On y presente et analyse les changements profonds qu'ont subis les carrieres ministerielles provinciales depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale. On discute aussi des repercussions eventuelles de ces chanagements sur la dynamique interne du Conseil des ministres.
Can rt-PA be Administered to the Wrong Patient? Two Patients with Somatoform Disorder

Background: Intravenous rt-PA (IV rt-PA) for acute stroke has raised many concerns, including its inadvertent use in patients presenting with acute stroke-like symptoms as the expression of their somatoform disorder. Diagnosis of the somatoform disorder is often delayed, and thrombolytics in these patients for their stroke-like presentation subjects them to risk for hemorrhage. Methods: The presentation, neurological findings, and the therapeutic decision making was audited in 85 patients who received IV rt-PA for a diagnosis of acute stroke. All the surviving patients were re-examined neurologically at least three months after IV rt-PA. Baseline and follow-up brain CT scans were re-reviewed by a neuroradiologist who was blinded to clinical presentation and outcome. Patients whose clinical presentation, brain CT and neurological outcome did not fit into known or expected anatomical and clinical patterns of stroke underwent psychological assessment using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2. Results: In two patients three stroke-like presentations of somatoform disorder inadvertently were treated with IV rt-PA. This was primarily caused by abbreviated neurological examination and narrow differential diagnosis. Interpretation: Patients with somatoform disorder may present with symptoms mimicking acute stroke. Under the time constraints of IV rt-PA use, a diagnosis of somatoform disorder can be missed, subjecting such patients to the potential complications of thrombolytics.
The effect of westward travel across five time zones on sleep and subjective jet-lag ratings in athletes before and during the 2015’s World Rowing Junior Championships

ABSTRACT This study examined sleep-wake habits and subjective jet-lag ratings of 55 German junior rowers (n = 30 male, 17.8 ± 0.5 years) before and during the World Rowing Junior Championships 2015 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Athletes answered sleep logs every morning, and Liverpool John Moore’s University Jet-Lag Questionnaires each evening and morning. Following an 11-h westward flight with 5-h time shift, advanced bedtimes (−1 h, P < .001, ηp2 = 0.68), reduced sleep onset latency (P = .002, ηp2 = 0.53) and increased sleep duration (P < .001, ηp2 = 0.60) were reported for the first two nights. Jet-lag symptoms peaked upon arrival but were still present after 6 days. Sleep quality improved (P < .001, ηp2 = 0.31) as well as some scales of the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes. Participation was successful as indicated by 11 of 13 top 3 placings. Overall, the initial desynchronisation did not indicate negative impacts on competition performance. As travel fatigue probably had a major effect on perceptual decrements, sleep during travel and time to recover upon arrival should be emphasised. Coaches and practitioners should consider higher sleep propensity in the early evening by scheduling training sessions and meetings until the late afternoon.
SLE and Serum Complement: Causative, Concomitant or Coincidental?

Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an incurable autoimmune disorder with complement activation playing a key role in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated tissue injury. While quantifying complement to monitor SLE disease activity has been the standard of care since the 1950s, decreased complement levels are not consistently associated with flares. Objective: We seek to clarify the SLE phenotype in which complement deficiency is causative, concomitant, or coincidental. Methods: A PUBMED literature review was conducted using key words 'complement,' 'SLE,’ and ‘SLE flares’ in English-only journals from 1972-2017. Relevant clinical studies and review articles were found that examined the measurement of complement levels in SLE, and more specifically, interpretation of low serum complement levels regardless of disease activity. Conclusion: Complement activation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of SLE and it is recommended to continue monitoring serum levels of C3 and C4 to assess for disease activity. However, it is important to note that decreased serum complement is not consistently associated with disease flares. It is clinically important to find novel ways to assess disease activity in SLE. Increased serum levels of cell-bound complement activation products may more accurately reflect disease activity than conventional serum C3 and C4 monitoring.
The Role of Viruses in the Aetiology of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults

Background The role of viruses in community-acquired pneumonia may have been previously underestimated. We aimed to study the incidence and clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) due to respiratory viruses in adults adding PCR to routine conventional laboratory tests. Methods Consecutive adult patients diagnosed of CAP from January 2003 to March 2004 were included. Conventional tests including cultures of blood, sputum, urine antigen detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila, and paired serologies were routinely performed. Nasopharyngeal swabs were processed for study of respiratory viruses through antigen detection by indirect immunofluorescence assay, isolation of viruses in cell culture and detection of nucleic acids by two independent multiplex RT-PCR assays. According to the aetiology, patients were categorized in 4 groups: group 1, only virus detected; group 2, only bacteria detected; group 3, viral and bacterial; and group 4, unkown aetiology. Results Of 340 patients diagnosed with CAP, 198 had nasopharyngeal swabs available and were included in this study. Aetiology was established in 112 (57%) patients: group 1, n=26 (13%); group 2, n=66 (33%); group 3, n=20 (10%). The most common aetiological agent was S. neumoniae (58 patients, 29%), followed by respiratory viruses (46 patients, 23%). Forty-eight respiratory viruses were identified: influenza virus A (n=16), respiratory syncytial virus A (n=5), adenovirus (n=8), parainfluenza viruses (n=5), enteroviruses (n=1), rhinoviruses (n=8) and coronavirus (n=5). There were two patients coinfected by two respiratory viruses. Serology detected 6 viruses, immunofluorescence 8, viral culture 12, and PCR 45. For the viruses that could be diagnosed with conventional methods, the sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR was 85% and 92%, respectively. The only clinical characteristic that significantly distinguished viral from bacterial aetiology was a lower number of leukocytes (P=0.004). Conclusion PCR revealed that viruses represent a common aetiology of CAP. There is an urgent need to reconsider routine laboratory tests for an adequate diagnosis of respiratory viruses, as clinical characteristics are unable to reliably distinguish viral from bacterial aetiology.
COMPENDIUM: A modular Text Summarization Tool

This paper presents compendium, a modular text summarization tool. On the one hand, it consists of a core module, which comprises five distinct stages: i) linguistic analysis; ii) redundancy detection; iii) topic identification; iv) relevance detection; and v) summary generation. On the other hand, it integrates additional modules, with the purpose of increasing the capabilities of the text summarization tool, thus allowing the generation of different types of summaries, such as query-focused summaries. An exhaustive evaluation has been carried out in two domains (newswire and tourist places) in order to analyze the summaries generated with compendium (single-document, multi-document, generic, and query-focused). Moreover, a comparison between our tool and other summarizers is also performed. The results obtained show that compendium is able to generate competitive summaries for the different types of summaries proposed.
Symptom clusters in patients with metastatic cancer: a literature review

This article reviews the literature reporting empirically determined symptom clusters in patients with metastatic cancer. A literature search was conducted on symptom clusters within heterogeneous metastatic cancer patient populations using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL. Studies examining predetermined symptom clusters were excluded. A total of eight relevant studies published between 2005 and 2011 were identified. The number of symptom clusters extracted varied from two to eight clusters per study, comprising of two to eight symptoms per cluster. There were no clusters consistently identified within all eight studies. Notable differences in symptoms assessed, assessment tools, statistical analysis, patient demographics were observed between the studies. The lack of consensus among the inter-study symptom clusters are likely due to the differences in patient population as well as study methodology. Further exploration in metastatic symptom cluster research will ideally improve patient outcomes by facilitating improved symptom management in future clinical practice.
Partenariats public-privé et investissements de fin de contrat : le cas de l'industrie de l'eau en France *

L’efficacite des partenariats public-prive (PPP) dans les industries de service public en reseau a ete remise en cause par de nombreux auteurs. Une des defaillances majeure reprochee a ce type d’accords concerne le manque d’incitation de l’operateur en place a investir en fin de contrat. Le but de cet article est double. Tout d’abord, nous expliquons pourquoi l’industrie francaise de l’eau se caracterise par une logique de sous investissement en fin de contrat. Ensuite en utilisant une base de donnees collectees sur un echantillon de 5000 commune francaises en 2001, nous proposons une serie de tests econometriques qui montrent que dans l’industrie de l’eau, les operateurs prives sont de moins en moins incites a investir lorsque l’echeance du contrat se rapproche. Plus precisement, nous montrons qu’une solution adoptee par les communes pour faire face a ce probleme est de se substituer aux firmes privees pour les investissements specifiques de fin de contrat. Nos resultats confirment ainsi la proposition generalement admise par la theorie des contrats de risque de sous investissement des operateurs prives en fin de partenariat public-prive.
Effect of heat sink on the recurrence of small malignant hepatic tumors after radiofrequency ablation.

AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of heat sink on the recurrence of hepatic malignant tumors <3 cm after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA). SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study included 564 hepatic malignant tumors <3 cm in 381 patients. Preoperative images were used to determine whether these tumors were adjacent to vessels, and the diameter of adjacent vessels was measured. RFA was performed computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) guidance, and postoperative imaging follow-up was then conducted. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED SPSS software version 17.0 was used for data processing, and the χ2 test was used for comparative analysis. Two-sided P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS A total of 33 recurrences were found: 15 in the MR group (15/468), 12 in the US group (12/53), and 6 in the CT group (6/43). Of the 101 lesions adjacent to blood vessels larger than 3 mm, 20 showed recurrence: 10 in the MR group (10/77), 7 in the US group (7/17), and 3 in the CT group (3/7). The recurrence rate of perivascular lesions was higher than that of nonperivascular lesions, and the rate in the MR group was lower those in the US and CT groups. CONCLUSIONS The curative effect of MRI-guided RFA is better than those of US- and CT-guided ablation. The heat sink effect is an important factor affecting recurrence of hepatic malignant tumors after RFA.
Antithrombotic Therapy Practices in Older Adults Residing in the Long-Term Care Setting

Objectives To explore physician practice patterns with regard to antithrombotic therapy, including antiplatelets and anticoagulants, in long-term care residents and compare resulting embolic complications. Methods Conducted between August 2012 and March 2013, this study was a retrospective chart review of 400 residents of a long-term care facility. Electronic charts from October 2005 through January 2013 were selected using systematic random sampling. Results Approximately one-third of residents (29.6%) received anticoagulants, 27.3% received antiplatelets, 15.8% received both, and 27.3% did not receive any antithrombotic therapy. The most commonly prescribed antithrombotic drugs were aspirin (37.5%) and warfarin (22.1%). The type of antithrombotic therapy was significantly associated with medical history, including deep vein thrombosis (P = 0.03), the presence of atrial fibrillation (P = 0.001) and other nonsurgical medical conditions (P = 0.0001). Weight (P = 0.009) and body mass index (P = 0.007) also were significantly associated with type of antithrombotic therapy, indicating that heavier residents and those with a higher body mass index were more likely to receive both anticoagulants and antiplatelets. There was no difference in the number of embolic complications among groups. Conclusions Physicians are more disposed to initiate and maintain residents on aspirin while being more cautious when prescribing anticoagulants such as warfarin, dabigatran, heparin, and enoxaparin. In some residents, anticoagulants were not used at all, even when residents had particular risk factors, demonstrating that at times physicians may err on the side of overcautiousness. Antithrombotic therapy should be individualized for each resident based on bleeding risk, comorbidities, and benefits of a particular therapy for our most vulnerable populations.