Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Stereotypical Portrayal of Men and Women in British Television Advertisements

This study examines the way in which men and women are portrayed in British television advertisements, and these findings are compared with those of studies carried out in Britain over the past 25 years. A total of 162 television advertisements were analyzed by two white adults, one female, one male, in order to obtain reliable results. The attributes of the central figures in each of the advertisements were classified into 11 categories: gender, mode of presentation, credibility basis, role, location, age, argument, reward type, product type, background, and end comment. Advertisements aimed directly at men or women were then analyzed, according to the sex of the central figure and the sex of the consumer the advertisement is aimed at. Thereafter, advertisements that did not follow the sex-role stereotype were also analyzed. The study found that while differences between the portrayal of men and women have been reduced in some categories, in others the stereotypical portrayal has changed in both sexes. T.
A Comparison of Neural Circuits Underlying Auditory and Visual Object Categorization

Knowledge about environmental objects derives from representations of multiple object features both within and across sensory modalities. While our understanding of the neural basis for visual object representation in the human and nonhuman primate brain is well advanced, a similar understanding of auditory objects is in its infancy. We used a name verification task and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to characterize the neural circuits that are activated as human subjects match visually presented words with either simultaneously presented pictures or environmental sounds. The difficulty of the matching judgment was manipulated by varying the level of semantic detail at which the words and objects were compared. We found that blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal was modulated in ventral and dorsal regions of the inferior frontal gyrus of both hemispheres during auditory and visual object categorization, potentially implicating these areas as sites for integrating polymodal object representations with concepts in semantic memory. As expected, BOLD signal increases in the fusiform gyrus varied with the semantic level of object categorization, though this effect was weak and restricted to the left hemisphere in the case of auditory objects.
Topological and symbolic dynamics for hyperbolic systems with holes

Abstract We consider an axiom A diffeomorphism or a Markov map of an interval and the invariant set Ω* of orbits which never falls into a fixed hole. We study various aspects of the symbolic representation of Ω* and of its non-wandering set Ωnw. Our results are on the cardinality of the set of topologically transitive components of Ωnw and their structure. We also prove that Ω* is generically a subshift of finite type in several senses.
Distinct Clinicopathological Patterns of Mismatch Repair Status in Colorectal Cancer Stratified by KRAS Mutations

In sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC), the BRAFV600E mutation is associated with deficient mismatch repair (MMR) status and inversely associated with to KRAS mutations. In contrast to deficient MMR (dMMR) CRC, data on the presence of KRAS oncogenic mutations in proficient MMR (pMMR) CRC and their relationship with tumor progression are scarce. We therefore examined the MMR status in combination with KRAS mutations in 913 Chinese patients and correlated the findings obtained with clinical and pathological features. The MMR status was determined based on detection of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 expression. KRAS mutation and dMMR status were detected in 36.9% and 7.5% of cases, respectively. Four subtypes were determined by MMR and KRAS mutation status: KRAS (+)/pMMR (34.0%), KRAS (+)/dMMR (2.9%), KRAS (-)/pMMR (58.5%) and KRAS (-)/dMMR (4.6%). A higher percentage of pMMR tumors with KRAS mutation were most likely to be female (49.0%), proximal located (45.5%), a mucinous histology (38.4%), and to have increased lymph node metastasis (60.3%), compared with pMMR tumors without BRAFV600E and KRAS mutations (36.0%, 29.3%, 29.4% and 50.7%, respectively; all P < 0.01). To the contrary, compared with those with KRAS(-)/dMMR tumors, patients with KRAS(+)/dMMR tumors demonstrated no statistically significant differences in gender, tumor location, pT depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, pTNM stage, and histologic grade. This study revealed that specific epidemiologic and clinicopathologic characteristics are associated with MMR status stratified by KRAS mutation. Knowledge of MMR and KRAS mutation status may enhance molecular pathologic staging of CRC patients and metastatic progression in CRC can be estimated based on the combination of these biomarkers.
Segmented assimilation on the ground: The new second generation in early adulthood

Abstract We review the literature on segmented assimilation and alternative theoretical models on the adaptation of the second generation ; summarize the theoretical framework developed in the course of the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study [CILS]; and present evidence from its third survey in South Florida bearing on alternative hypotheses. We find that the majority of second-generation youths are moving ahead educationally and occupationally, but that a significant minority is being left behind. The latter group is not distributed randomly across nationalities, but corresponds closely to predictions based on immigrant parents’ human capital, family type, and modes of incorporation. While it is clear that members of the second generation , whether successful or unsuccessful will assimilate – in the sense of learning English and American culture – it makes a great deal of difference whether they do so by joining the mainstream middle-class or the marginalized, and largely racialized, population at the bottom. Narratives drawn from the ethnographic module accompanying the survey put into perspective quantitative results and highlight the realities of segmented assimilation as it takes place today in U.S. society.
E-health in Preparedness and Response

It is well known that the United States currently spends more per capita on health care than any other nation. Much of this expenditure, about $1.8 trillion, is spent on medical costs associated with chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer.1 While more than 109 million Americans report having at least one chronic disease,2 many could not tell you the name, type, or dosages of medications they have been prescribed. One report found that more than fifty percent of patients with chronic disease had at least one unintended medication discrepancy at the time of hospital admission.3 This is especially problematic, as optimal patient care depends upon accurate and timely communication of health conditions, medications, and sources of care.
SSHLDA: A Semi-Supervised Hierarchical Topic Model

Supervised hierarchical topic modeling and unsupervised hierarchical topic modeling are usually used to obtain hierarchical topics, such as hLLDA and hLDA. Supervised hierarchical topic modeling makes heavy use of the information from observed hierarchical labels, but cannot explore new topics; while unsupervised hierarchical topic modeling is able to detect automatically new topics in the data space, but does not make use of any information from hierarchical labels. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised hierarchical topic model which aims to explore new topics automatically in the data space while incorporating the information from observed hierarchical labels into the modeling process, called Semi-Supervised Hierarchical Latent Dirichlet Allocation (SSHLDA). We also prove that hLDA and hLLDA are special cases of SSHLDA. We conduct experiments on Yahoo! Answers and ODP datasets, and assess the performance in terms of perplexity and clustering. The experimental results show that predictive ability of SSHLDA is better than that of baselines, and SSHLDA can also achieve significant improvement over baselines for clustering on the FScore measure.
Inoculation Theory of Resistance to Influence at Maturity: Recent Progress In Theory Development and Application and Suggestions for Future Research

Inoculation theory boasts a dynamic history since McGuire first introduced it in the early 1960s. The last decade, in particular, has been a period of explosive growth for inoculation. Research has offered a more nuanced understanding of how inoculation confers resistance, exploring precise workings of inoculation’s core concepts of threat and coun-terarguing in conjunction with concepts drawn from other theoretical domains, including issue involvement, attitude accessibility, self-efficacy, and affect. Research is also extending practical applications of inoculation, examining new uses in marketing, public relations, politics, and adolescent health campaigns. The purpose of this chapter is to review the classic work on inoculation theory, examine recent developments that inform the workings of inoculation and its applications, and suggest directions for future research. The chapter also suggests extending the application of inoculation into the areas of childhood obesity, body image, gang activity, consumer protection, and employee satisfaction, among others.
Realization of a simple higher‐dimensional noncommutative torus as a transformation group C*‐algebra

Let θ be a nondegenerate skew symmetric real d×d matrix, and let Aθ be the corresponding simple higher‐dimensional noncommutative torus. Suppose that d is odd, or that d⩾4 and the entries of θ are not contained in a quadratic extension of ℚ. Then Aθ is isomorphic to the transformation group C*‐algebra obtained from a minimal homeomorphism of a compact connected one‐dimensional space locally homeomorphic to the product of the interval and the Cantor set. The proof uses classification theory of C*‐algebras.
Mapping intermolecular interactions and active site conformations: from human MMP-1 crystal structure to molecular dynamics free energy calculations

The zinc-dependent Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) found within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of vertebrates are linked to pathological processes such as arthritis, skin ulceration and cancer. Although a general backbone proteolytic mechanism is understood, crystallographic data continue to suggest an active site that is too narrow to encompass the respective substrate. We present a fully parameterised Molecular Dynamics (MD) study of the structural properties of an MMP-1-collagen crystallographic structure (Protein Data Bank – 4AUO), followed by an exploration of the free energy surface of a collagen polypeptide chain entering the active site, using a combined meta-dynamics and umbrella sampling (MDUS) approach. We conclude that the interactions between MMP-1 and the collagen substrate are in good agreement with a number of experimental studies. As such, our unrestrained MD simulations and our MDUS results, which indicate an energetic barrier for a local uncoiling and insertion event, can inform future investigations of the collagen-peptide non-bonded association steps with the active site prior to proteolytic mechanisms. The elucidation of such free energy barriers provides a better understanding of the role of the enzyme in the ECM and is important in the design of future MMP inhibitors.
The protein quality of cassava leaves

1. A chemical and biological evaluation of the protein content of some leaves and leaf extracts from the eastern region of Nigeria (Biafra) has been made: most were from cassava (Munihot utilissima). 2. The protein content of the leaves was from 3 0 to 40% (expressed as percentage of leaf dry matter). The concentrations of essential amino acids were adequate, except for methionine. The biological criteria, true digestibility (TD) and biological value (BV), showed that the digestibility was from 70 to 80%, whereas BV varied from 44 to 57%, depending on the methionine content. 3. Adding methionine to a diet of cassava leaves raised BV from 49 for the leaves alone to 80 for the mixture. This relationship clearly shows that cassava leaves contain too little available methionine. An investigation into the true availability of the amino acids showed that this is somewhat variable, and only 60% of the methionine is available. 4. The BV of cassava leaves combined with Norwegian dried cod showed a mutual supplementation effect.
LINKING PSYCHOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES TO ADDICTION AND IMPROPER USE OF THE MOBILE PHONE AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN HONG KONG

The purpose of this study is to (1) identify addiction symptoms that are uniquely associated with mobile phone use among adolescents in Hong Kong; (2) examine how demographics and psychological attributes (such as leisure boredom, sensation seeking, and self‐esteem) of individuals are related to the addiction symptoms; and (3) explore how these attributes, mobile phone addiction symptoms, and social capital can predict improper use of the mobile phone. Data were gathered from a probability sample of 402 teenagers and young adults aged 14–20 in Hong Kong. Exploratory factor analysis identified four addiction symptoms: “losing control and receiving complaints,” “anxiety and craving,” “withdrawal/escape,” and “productivity loss. ” Results show that the higher one scored on leisure boredom and sensation seeking, the higher the likelihood one was addicted. Conversely, subjects who scored high on self‐esteem demonstrated less of such tendency. As hypothesized, subjects who scored low on self‐esteem but high on sensation seeking reported the most improper use of the mobile phone (especially in snapping pictures stealthily when nobody notices).
‘No French, no more’: language-based exclusion in North America's first professional accounting association, 1879–1927

1This paper draws on Bourdieu's sociolinguistic theory to interpret the overrepresentation of Anglophone accountants vis-à-vis Francophone comptables in the formative years of North America's first professional accounting association. In a linguistic market, where English was taken for granted as the official language of commerce, we find that the founding members of the Association of Accountants in Montreal (AAM) possessed a ‘distinctive’ cultural and linguistic habitus. We observe that the AAM enacted for many years a number of exclusion strategies to effectively limit its admittance of Francophone compatibles who possessed a different cultural and linguistic habitus. When the AAM eventually did explicitly embrace Francophone memberships, this was in order to counter the threat of a rival accounting designation.
Weight-shifting mobiles: automatic balancing in mobile phones

This paper presents a new type of interaction support for mobile phones: Automatic balancing through weight-shift. It proposes that weight-shift in mobile phones could be used as to change the device's balancing behavior. The question that this technology can help us to explore is how our interaction with mobile phones in everyday life could change, once devices were able to actively change the way we hold them in our hands. Various levels of interaction are proposed: Balancing based on angular tilt and counter-balancing of button-clicks, and, for a future implementation, balancing, supported through grasp recognition. We report a user study that assessed in how much such a system may help users to balance the a device equipped with the proposed system. It concludes that actuated balancing may be helpful in mobile interactions, but that it needs to be designed carefully.
Promising ever more

This study argues that three recent societal trends have increased parties’ incentives to give election promises in campaigns: the increasing volatility of voters, the professionalization and marketization of politics, and the mediatization of politics. Arguments are empirically tested on the case of Sweden between 1991 and 2010. All promises presented in election manifestos by Swedish parliamentary parties are analyzed, enabling analyses of six elections, nine parties, 44 manifestos and almost 4000 election promises. We find that Swedish parties increased their pledge making considerably during the period, from an average of 46 per manifesto to 149. Specific promises have increased, as have the pledges that are unrelated to other parties’ pledges. Altogether, the results point at an increasingly specific vote choice for voters.
Variables Contributing to Grade Retention among African American Adolescent Males.

Abstract Variables contributing to grade retention among 243 African American 13–17-year-old boys were investigated. The instrument administered was the Children's Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism interview scale, which pertains to alcohol use, discipline in the home, and conduct disorder. Results of the multiple-regression analyses revealed that 3 variables were positively associated with grade retention: (a) number of suspensions from school (the strongest predictor), (b) conduct disorder (violence against others), and (c) lack of discipline in the home. Thirty-one percent of the variation in grade retention was accounted for by the variables included in the model. Suggestions were made for alternatives to school suspension.
Bootstrapping a prior? Effects of experience on the facing bias in biological motion perception

Biological motion point-light displays and stick-figures are ambiguous with respect to their depth and afford two different interpretations -both of them being consistent with the familiar shape of a human body. However this consistency requires the reversal in perceived depth to be accompanied by switches in other properties: • Handedness: left side right side • Vertical viewpoint: view from above view from below • Horizontal viewpoint: ccw spin cw spin
What's Wrong, What's Right with Social Work Supervision

A questionnaire was sent to 1500 social work supervisors and 1500 direct-service supervisees identified from the National Association of Social Workers membership list. Two open-ended questions asked for supervisor's self-perception of their "strengths" and "shortcomings" in supervision. Supervisees were asked to identify similar attributes in their supervisors. Respondents generated 2746 comments on supervisor "strengths and shortcomings. " Categorization of responses indicated that practice expertise and relationship skills manifested in the supervisory relationship were among the principal "strengths. " Reluctance to exercise managerial authority, hesitancy to advocate for staff with administration and inadequate time devoted to supervision were among the principal "shortcomings. "
Daphnia species invasion, competitive exclusion, and chaotic coexistence

The cladoceran Daphnia lumholtzi has invaded many US rivers and lakes. To better understand the ecological factors and consequences associated with D. lumholtzi invasion, we carried out a microcosm experiment evaluating competition of D. lumholtzi with a widespread native daphnid, D. pulex. We applied two light treatments to these two different microcosms and found strong context-dependent competitive exclusion in both treatments. We observed that D. lumholtzi out-competed D. pulex in the high light treatment, while D. pulex out-competed D. lumholtzi in the low light treatment. To better understand these results we developed and tested a mechanistically formulated stoichiometric population interaction model. This model exhibits chaotic coexistence of the competing species of Daphnia. The rich dynamics of this model allow us to suggest some plausible strategies to control the invasive species D. lumholtzi.
Isolation of a Novel Fusogenic Orthoreovirus from Eucampsipoda africana Bat Flies in South Africa

We report on the isolation of a novel fusogenic orthoreovirus from bat flies (Eucampsipoda africana) associated with Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) collected in South Africa. Complete sequences of the ten dsRNA genome segments of the virus, tentatively named Mahlapitsi virus (MAHLV), were determined. Phylogenetic analysis places this virus into a distinct clade with Baboon orthoreovirus, Bush viper reovirus and the bat-associated Broome virus. All genome segments of MAHLV contain a 5' terminal sequence (5'-GGUCA) that is unique to all currently described viruses of the genus. The smallest genome segment is bicistronic encoding for a 14 kDa protein similar to p14 membrane fusion protein of Bush viper reovirus and an 18 kDa protein similar to p16 non-structural protein of Baboon orthoreovirus. This is the first report on isolation of an orthoreovirus from an arthropod host associated with bats, and phylogenetic and sequence data suggests that MAHLV constitutes a new species within the Orthoreovirus genus.
Pygopus activates Wingless target gene transcription through the mediator complex subunits Med12 and Med13

Wnt target gene transcription is mediated by nuclear translocation of stabilized β-catenin, which binds to TCF and recruits Pygopus, a cofactor with an unknown mechanism of action. The mediator complex is essential for the transcription of RNA polymerase II-dependent genes; it associates with an accessory subcomplex consisting of the Med12, Med13, Cdk8, and Cyclin C subunits. We show here that the Med12 and Med13 subunits of the Drosophila mediator complex, encoded by kohtalo and skuld, are essential for the transcription of Wingless target genes. kohtalo and skuld act downstream of β-catenin stabilization both in vivo and in cell culture. They are required for transcriptional activation by the N-terminal domain of Pygopus, and their physical interaction with Pygopus depends on this domain. We propose that Pygopus promotes Wnt target gene transcription by recruiting the mediator complex through interactions with Med12 and Med13.
Posing and Judging Facial Expressions of Emotion: The Effects of Social Skills

Thirty-tour college women nominated by their peers as being either highly socially skilled or markedly lacking in social skills were videotaped while nonverbally portraying six emotions. Senders also rated the realism of their own poses. Fifty-eight female undergraduates labeled each pose and Judged its realism. Socially skilled and unskilled senders did not differ significantly in their portrayal abilities. Poses judged as more realistic were generally also Judged more accurately. Senders' social skill levels and judges' realism ratings interacted significantly in predicting the accuracy of judgment for surprise poses. Judges tended to rate low-skill senders' poses as more realistic than those of high-skill senders. Senders' social skills and senders' ratings of the realism of their own poses interacted significantly in predicting the realism ratings judges assigned to sadness poses. It is suggested that socially unskilled normals, unlike socially deficient patients, may possess basic verbal communicatio.
Exploring the history of social work as a human rights profession

English The IFSW has declared that social work is a human rights profession. This historical review explores social work contributions to human rights. The compatibility of principles, accomplishments of individual leaders and professional organizations' actions are examined, with particular focus on the period of adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. French La FITS a déclaré que le travail social est une profession des droits de l'homme. Cette revue historique explore les contributions du travail social aux droits de l'homme. La compatibilité des principes, les réalisations des leaders en tant qu'individus, et l'organisation professionnelle des actions sont examinées en portant une attention particulière à la période d'adoption de la Déclaration Universelle des Droits de l'Homme. Spanish La IFSW ha declarado que el trabajo social es una profesión de derechos humanos. Esta visión histórica explora las contribuciones del trabajo social a los derechos humanos. La compatibilidad de principios, los logros de líderes individuales y las acciones de la organización profesional son examinados con un énfasis particular en el período de adopción de la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos.