Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revision of the Indo-West Pacific crab genus Soliella (Brachyura: Xanthidae: Etisinae): ‘pseudocryptic species’ and basinal speciation

Etisine crabs are some of the most abundant cryptobionts in Indo-West Pacific coral reef systems. Despite their ecological importance and abundance in museum collections, several recent systematic studies have indicated family- to subspecies-level taxonomic problems. One such case involves the former chlorodielline genus Soliella Lasley, Klaus & Ng, 2015 (treated here as part of Etisinae), which currently comprises two valid species and three available names that have been in flux in recent literature. The validity of these taxa has only been cursorily discussed. To resolve species limits and distributions, a thorough morphological examination of hundreds of specimens was conducted, including scanning electron microscopy of male gonopods, along with analysis of sequence data of the mitochondrial marker cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) from 84 exemplars across the distribution of the genus. The status of two species that have Indian Ocean versus Pacific Ocean distributions with overlap in the Indo-Australian Archipelago and adjacent regions is confirmed. While external morphology is not reliable for identification, a few discrete, although slight, differences in gonopod morphology were found, and these results are consistent with a ‘pseudocryptic species’ designation. Speciation conforms to a previously published etisine model of allopatric differentiation followed by subsequent divergence of gonopod morphology upon secondary sympatry. This pattern, the biogeography of the two species and the concept of ‘pseudocryptic species’ are discussed. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:ABEC01C7-EA5B-4BB6-87E0-405FE3895D95
Preschool child growth attainment and velocity during an agriculture intervention in rural Panama may be diminished by soil-transmitted helminths

Background Agricultural interventions are often recommended to address undernutrition in subsistence farming communities. However, intensified agriculture exposure can increase soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections, which are linked with poor child growth. This study examined impacts of the VERASAN public health and agricultural intervention program on preschool child growth attainment (HAZ and WAZ) and relative growth velocity over 7 months [change in height-for-age (∆HAD) and weight-for-age (∆WAD) difference]. Methods VERASAN was initiated in 15 subsistence farming communities in rural Panama experiencing chronic undernutrition. Activities targeted improved household food security, preschool child diets and growth by intensifying and diversifying household agriculture. Our objectives were to explore the relationship between VERASAN and preschool child growth attainment (HAZ and WAZ) and velocity (∆HAD and ∆WAD) during one agricultural cycle in 238 households. We compared those new to VERASAN with those involved for 1 or 5 years, and identified if agricultural practices, food security, diet diversity and treatment of pre-existing STH infection were associated with growth attainment or velocity. Results Prior participation in VERASAN did not directly influence WAZ, HAZ or ΔHAD but VERASAN-related benefits had an indirect influence. ΔHAD was positively associated with VERASAN-associated improvements in diet diversity and food security. HAZ and WAZ during land preparation were positively associated with diet diversity and HAZ with food security during harvest. HAZ was negatively associated with children visiting the agricultural plot, consuming leafy green vegetables and pre-existing hookworm infections. Both agricultural season and STH influenced ΔWAD. Children in VERASAN for 1 or 5 years experienced growth faltering between land preparation and growing season, but not those new to VERASAN. In contrast, between growing and harvest, ∆WAD declined in children new to VERASAN compared to children in VERASAN for longer. ΔWAD from land preparation to harvest was higher with pre-existing Ascaris infection whereas it was lower between growing season and harvest for pre-existing hookworm infection. Conclusion In a context of preschool child growth faltering, malnutrition and STH infections, improved food security, agricultural production and diet diversity associated with VERASAN were associated with improved growth. In contrast, STH infections were negatively associated with some, but not all, growth outcomes.
The United Nations and Antarctica, 2002: ‘constructive engagement’ between the Antarctic Treaty System and the United Nations

At the close of 2002, the United Nations (UN), acting in accordance with its 1999 resolution A54/45, returned to the ‘Question of Antarctica,’ which is currently being placed upon the agenda of the General Assembly's First Committee (Disarmament and International Security) every three years. In 2002, the First Committee's discussions, informed yet again by a report produced by the UN Secretary-General (UNSG) updating members about recent Antarctic developments, reaffirmed the varying perspectives existing within the international community about the management of Antarctica. Following statements delivered by the Polish delegate on behalf of the Antarctic Treaty Parties (ATPs) and the Malaysian representative, the First Committee adopted another consensus draft resolution. Subsequently, the UN General Assembly, acting by consensus without a vote, formally adopted the First Committee's draft as resolution A57/51, which basically updated the wording of that adopted in 1999. Thus, the UNSG was instructed to produce another report to guide the next UN session on the ‘Question of Antarctica’ scheduled for 2005. Although the UN discussions on the topic in 2002 proved relatively brief and low key, the actions of Malaysia during the past year or so have raised a number of questions about the future course of the ‘Question of Antarctica,’ given its lead role in first raising the topic at the UN in 1983 and then maintaining pressure upon the Antarctic Treaty System.
An eigenstructure-based method for near-shore bathymetric measurements

A new formulation for ocean-depth measurement using the frequency-domain approach is proposed. Specifically, a classical high-resolution eigenstructure-based method is modified an the frequency domain to estimate the ocean depth from backscattered returns, and in this context a new technique to measure sea depth is introduced. Detailed analysis and depth determination from actual bathymetric measurements is also presented.
Late Pleistocene and early Holocene environmental history of southwestern Washington State, U.S.A.

A comparison of pollen records and associated plant remains from sites along a major precipitation gradient in southwestern Washington enables reconstruction of the late Quaternary environment during glacial and early Holocene time. During the Evans Creek Stade (25 000 – 17 000 years BP) little moisture reached lowlands east of the Olympic Mountains and as a result both the Puget Trough and the Columbia Basin featured a cold dry climate and parkland–tundra vegetation In glacial time, greatest aridity seems to have occurred between 19 000 and 17 000 years BP. After 17 000 years BP the development of mesophytic subalpine parkland suggests that maritime conditions extended farther east into the Puget Trough, and the Cascade Range became an important precipitation divide. Conditions warmer and (or) drier than today developed throughout western Washington between 10 000 and 8000–6000 years BP. Vegetation on opposite sides of the Cascade Range became dissimilar as early as 17 000 years BP, but this trend was ac.
Temperature Sensitivity of Methane Production in the Permafrost Active Layer at Stordalen, Sweden: A Comparison with Non-permafrost Northern Wetlands

Abstract Relationships were determined between methane (CH4) production and in situ conditions within the permafrost active layer during a single melt season at Stordalen, Sweden, with a specific emphasis on temperature sensitivity of methanogenesis. In situ temperature, moisture, pH, dissolved organic carbon, and CH4 concentration data were measured at three contrasting active layer sites (sedge mire, Sphagnum mire, and ombrotrophic bog), and laboratory incubations of active layer material were subsequently employed to determine the sensitivity of CH4 production to temperature. Q10 values, describing the CH4 production response of peat to a temperature change of 10 °C, ranged from 1.9 to 3.5 and 2.4 to 5.8 for the sedge and Sphagnum mire sites, respectively. A wider review of the literature on Q10 responses of methanogenesis in northern peatlands shows similar features to the temperature response of CH4 production in the active layer at Stordalen. In general, Q10 values are not significantly different in Arctic permafrost wetlands than non-Arctic northern wetlands; however, Sphagnum sites display Q10 responses (mean Q10 = 8) that are notably greater than that of wetter minerotrophic-sedge environments (mean Q10 = 4.3). This finding has implications for the parameterization of Q10 factors in numerical carbon cycling models, and suggests that the use of spatially variable Q10 values could be a useful approach for more accurate modeling of CH4 fluxes from northern wetlands under different climatic change scenarios.
Release of glucose from dissolved and mineral‐bound organic matter by enzymatic hydrolysis

Sorption of dissolved organic matter (DOM) by poorly crystalline minerals during their formation may protect large amounts of carbon in soils from mineralization. We investigated the bioavailability of carbohydrates in DOM and after co‐precipitation with short‐range ordered aluminosilicates. Carbohydrates originated from soil solutions collected in situ at two depths of a Dystric Cambisol, and from litter extracts. Quantification of substrate‐specific degradability was achieved by the addition of β‐glucosidase at an optimal concentration and subsequent determination of glucose release. Depending on DOM composition, 0.6–41.4 mg g−1 C−1 of glucose was enzymatically released from dissolved carbohydrates. Co‐precipitated carbohydrates were partially accessible, resulting in a glucose release of 0.7–5.2 mg g−1 C−1. Restricted enzymatic depolymerization due to co‐precipitation may contribute to accumulation of easily degradable substrates in soils.
The Role of Indoor Microbiome and Metabolites in Shaping Children’s Nasal and Oral Microbiota: A Pilot Multi-Omic Analysis

Maintaining a diverse and well-balanced nasal and oral microbiota is vital for human health. However, the impact of indoor microbiome and metabolites on nasal and oral microbiota remains largely unknown. Fifty-six children in Shanghai were surveyed to complete a questionnaire about their personal and environmental characteristics. The indoor microbiome and metabolites from vacuumed indoor dust were profiled via shotgun metagenomics and untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The nasal and oral microbiota in children was characterized using full-length 16S rRNA sequencing from PacBio. Associations between personal/environmental characteristics and the nasal/oral microbiota were calculated using PERMANOVA and regression analyses. We identified 6247, 431, and 342 microbial species in the indoor dust, nasal, and oral cavities, respectively. The overall nasal and oral microbial composition showed significant associations with environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure during pregnancy and early childhood (p = 0.005 and 0.03, respectively), and the abundance of total indoor flavonoids and two mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol and nivalenol) (p = 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03, respectively). Notably, the abundance of several flavonoids, such as baicalein, eupatilin, isoliquiritigenin, tangeritin, and hesperidin, showed positive correlations with alpha diversity and the abundance of protective microbial taxa in nasal and oral cavities (p < 0.02), suggesting their potential beneficial roles in promoting nasal/oral health. Conversely, high carbohydrate/fat food intake and ETS exposure diminished protective microorganisms while augmenting risky microorganisms in the nasal/oral cavities. Further, potential microbial transfer was observed from the indoor environment to the childhood oral cavity (Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus mitis, and Streptococcus salivarius), which could potentially increase virulence factors related to adherence and immune modulation and vancomycin resistance genes in children. This is the first study to reveal the association between the indoor microbiome/metabolites and nasal/oral microbiota using multi-omic approaches. These findings reveal potential protective and risk factors related to the indoor microbial environment.
A retrospective single centre study on histopathological analysis of cholecystectomy specimens in a tertiary care centre in India

Background: Gall bladder carcinoma is the 5th most common gastrointestinal malignancy which has a poor 5-year survival rate, carrying dismal prognosis. Diagnosing chronic cholecystitis from gall bladder cancer is challenging. Early detection of gall bladder carcinoma allows for the possibility of radical resection surgery, which has been shown to increase patient survival. Methods: A retrospective histopathological analysis was conducted at a tertiary care centre to evaluate the incidence of gall bladder carcinoma. A total of 1728 cholecystectomy samples were evaluated from all age groups for a period of 6 years. Results: Chronic cholecystitis was the most common impression on histopathological analysis, showing females have high predominance of developing gall bladder disease including malignancy. The incidence of gall bladder carcinoma was found to be 0.46 % with 8 cases of adenocarcinoma diagnosed, which were not diagnosed preoperatively. Conclusions: If missed, gall bladder cancer can progress rapidly and has a significant fatality risk if it is not detected in time. We conclude that all histopathology specimens be sent for routine analysis, to rule out gall bladder cancer, which if resected early can improve the survival of the patients.
Upper-mantle structure in southern Norway from beamforming of Rayleigh wave data presenting multipathing

SUMMARY A model for the upper mantle SV-wave velocity under southern Norway is obtained by depth inversion of the average phase velocity of the Rayleigh wave fundamental mode in the area. The average dispersion curve is obtained in the period range 22–200 s by beamforming of 190 Rayleigh waves recorded by the MAGNUS network, a temporary regional network of 41 broad-band stations. Resolution of the beamforming procedure is increased by deconvolving the original beams from the array response function using the Lucy–Richardson algorithm. In addition to an average phase velocity, beamforming gives us some information concerning the nature of the incoming wavefield. We detect deviations of the wave propagation direction from the great-circle paths which commonly reach 10° at a period of 25 s for the teleseismic events. The amplitude of the deviations decreases with increasing period and with decreasing epicentral distance, as expected. The phase velocity measured by beamforming does not show any correlation with the deviation from great circle path, suggesting that deviation does not bias phase velocity measurements. We detect also significant multipathing with characteristics that vary rapidly with frequency. The obtained SV-wave velocity profile clearly shows that southern Norway is underlain by a low-velocity zone in the upper mantle and does not have shield-like characteristics, despite its location in the Baltic shield. These findings support the hypothesis that the high topography of southern Norway is sustained by anomalous upper-mantle material.
Layer-By-Layer Mechanism of Smectite Illitization and Application to a New Rate Law

A layer-by-layer mechanism explains important features of mixed-layer clay minerals formed during the illitization of smectite, including the occurrence of randomly interstratified illite/smectite, the transition to ordered interstratifications, and the development of long-range ordering. A variety of solid-state transformation mechanisms were tested with a stochastic model, which accounts for interactions among clay layers. The model produces most successful results when the reaction of smectite layers with one illite nearest neighbor is favored over smectites with no illite neighbors by a factor of about two, and over those with two illite neighbors by a factor of ten or more. Synthetic X-ray powder diffraction patterns calculated from model results compare well with those of illite/smectite minerals. These results suggest a new kinetic rate law. Solutions to this rate law for reaction within sediments undergoing burial give mineralogical profiles with depth similar to those observed in subsiding sedimentary basins.
Changes in Sexuality and Sexual Dysfunction over Time in the First Two Years after Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer

Simple Summary Many head and neck cancer patients report sexual problems. A deterioration in sexuality and sexual dysfunction from baseline to 3 months after treatment was observed especially in patients treated with chemoradiation. This effect seems to differ between men and women. Men reported change in erectile function, orgasm, satisfaction with intercourse, and overall satisfaction, while women reported change in desire, arousal, and orgasm. These findings are helpful to improve information on sexuality and sexual care in head and neck cancer patients. Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate changes in sexuality and sexual dysfunction in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients in the first two years after treatment, in relation to the type of treatment. Data were used of 588 HNC patients participating in the prospective NETherlands Quality of life and Biomedical Cohort Study (NET-QUBIC) from diagnosis to 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after treatment. Primary outcome measures were the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). The total scores of the IIEF and FSFI were dichotomized into sexual (dys)function. In men, type of treatment was significantly associated with change in erectile function, orgasm, satisfaction with intercourse, and overall satisfaction. In women, type of treatment was significantly associated with change in desire, arousal, and orgasm. There were significant differences between treatment groups in change in dysfunctional sexuality. A deterioration in sexuality and sexual dysfunction from baseline to 3 months after treatment was observed especially in patients treated with chemoradiation. Changes in sexuality and sexual dysfunction in HNC patients were related to treatment, with an acute negative effect of chemoradiation. This effect on the various domains of sexuality seems to differ between men and women.
Application of MAC delay in TCP fairness improvement in ad hoc wireless networks

Significant TCP unfairness in Ad Hoc wireless networks has been reported during the past several years. proposed a network layer solution called Neighborhood Random Early Detection (NRED) scheme to enhance TCP fairness in Ad Hoc wireless networks. In NRED, the concept of neighborhood is introduced. So the RED mechanism is extended to the distributed neighborhood queue, which is the aggregation of local queue in one's neighborhood. NRED adopt a passive measurement technique to detect the early congestion of a neighborhood. However, NRED by measuring channel utilization rate is an over-layer solution and hardly to implement in practice. As it is known, packet delay increases when the wireless channel is very busy and the overall traffic load exceeds the capacity of the channel. Thus the packet delay can reflect whether or not the channel is busy. For each packet's transmission, the more delay, the more severe congestion and competition. We believed that the delay of data could reflect the congestion of shared link promptly. This paper proposes a scheme based on MAC delay to detect congestion and to notify the nodes which use too much channel dropping their packets and give the expressed node chance to transmit. We analyze the average packet delay on IEEE 802.11 DCF which is represented by a Markov model. Based on the relationship between the MAC delay and number of competitors, whether there exist severe competition can be found.
Effect of stress on ovulatory function

Annotation. The article presents a review of the scientific literature that addresses the problem of the impact of stress on ovulatory function. Psychological stress is widespread among the population, and its health consequences have been a major topic of research in recent decades. It is considered a crucial factor in the onset, course and exacerbation of various diseases, such as depression, cardiovascular disease, immune disorders, and has been associated with higher overall mortality. Today, more and more doctors, including gynaecologists, are aware of the huge impact of various types of stress on women's health, including the reproductive system. The purpose of this analysis was to study the impact of stress on ovulatory function. A retrospective analysis of scientific literature from such scientific databases as Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, UpToDate, and Web of Science was conducted. The following keywords were used to search for information on the relationship between stress and ovulatory function: stress, ovulation, hormones, menstrual cycle. When processing the search results, we selected the most recent publications (10 years) or the most recent publications on the subject (regardless of the time of publication). In total, 31 papers were included in the inclusion criteria and are presented in this review. The problem of the negative impact of stress on women's reproductive health in the practice of gynaecologists around the world is becoming more and more relevant every year, as the level of infertility, early pregnancy loss and fertility decline is increasing. These conditions have an even greater impact on women, worsening their psycho-emotional state and increasing their stress levels. Thus, understanding how to cope with stress is critical to developing clear algorithms for preventing the effects of stress on the body and providing medical care to patients after its impact in order to preserve reproductive health.