Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generalized Multiscale Finite Element Methods. Oversampling Strategies

In this paper, we propose oversampling strategies in the Generalized Multiscale Finite Element Method (GMsFEM) framework. The GMsFEM, which has been recently introduced in [12], allows solving multiscale parameter-dependent problems at a reduced computational cost by constructing a reduced-order representation of the solution on a coarse grid. The main idea of the method consists of (1) the construction of snapshot space, (2) the construction of the offline space, and (3) construction of the online space (the latter for parameter-dependent problems). In [12], it was shown that the GMsFEM provides a flexible tool to solve multiscale problems with a complex input space by generating appropriate snapshot, offline, and online spaces. In this paper, we develop oversampling techniques to be used in this context (see [19] where oversampling is introduced for multiscale finite element methods). It is known (see [19]) that the oversampling can improve the accuracy of multiscale methods. In particular, the oversampling technique uses larger regions (larger than the target coarse block) in constructing local basis functions. Our motivation stems from the analysis presented in this paper which show that when using oversampling techniques in the construction of the snapshot space and offline space, GMsFEM will converge independent of small scales and high-contrast under certain assumptions. We consider the use of multiple eigenvalue problem to improve the convergence and discuss their relation to single spectral problems that use oversampled regions. The oversampling procedures proposed in this paper differ from those in [19]. In particular, the oversampling domains are partially used in constructing local spectral problems. We present numerical results and compare various oversampling techniques in order to complement the proposed technique and analysis.
Graphical cyclic supercharacters for composite moduli

<p>Recent work has introduced the study of graphical properties of cyclic supercharacters, functions <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-struck upper Z slash n double-struck upper Z right-arrow double-struck upper C"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">→<! -- → --></mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathbb {Z}/n\mathbb {Z}\to \mathbb {C}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> whose values are exponential sums with close connections to Gauss sums and Gaussian periods. Plots of these functions exhibit striking features, some of which have been previously explained when the modulus <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="n"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is a power of an odd prime. After reviewing this material, we initiate the graphical study of images of cyclic supercharacters in the case of composite <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="n"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>. </p>
‘We’ve become a little family now’: Maximising rapport in an accelerated, fully online learning environment

Online learning spaces are generally considered low-interaction environments. The loss of synchronous time in an online course is balanced by additional flexibility. As such, there are limited opportunities to build rapport with students. This is especially true for online programs that are also accelerated. However, students still view opportunities to engage with educators and peers as extremely important. As a result, there is a need to identify strategies to maximise rapport building within a limited time frame. A Thematic Analysis of data sources relevant to teaching and learning activities in the Monash University Graduate Diploma in Psychology is presented. Four themes emerged and included ‘humanising’ the learning space, fostering opportunities for student-to-student interaction, reducing the power imbalance between teacher and student, and maintaining rapport beyond individual subjects or units. The individual strategies that were employed are discussed in detail. These findings provide a resource for educators to increase rapport within an online learning environment.
Propagation of an intense relativistic electron beam in an annular channel

The propagation of an annular intense relativistic electron beam inside a cylindrical drift tube is affected by many factors such as external magnetic field, drift tube geometry, the beam self electric and magnetic fields, etc. It is shown, experimentally and theoretically, that the deleterious influence of the self‐fields on the electron flow can be reduced when part of the beam return current is allowed to flow on a grounded conductor that is inserted coaxially within the beam. The improvement manifested itself by reducing the axial magnetic field needed to confine the electron beam or alternately by lowering the electron transverse velocities.
Polarization measurements of He I singlet transitions following beam--tilted-foil excitation

The Stokes parameters of light emitted following beam-foil excitation have been measured as a function of foil tilt angle from 0/sup 0/ to 70/sup 0/ for the 2s /sup 1/S-3p /sup 1/P/sup o/, 2s /sup 1/S-4p /sup 1/P/sup o/, 2p /sup 1/P/sup o/-3d /sup 1/D, and 2p /sup 1/P/sup o/-4d /sup 1/D transitions in He I. The precision of the measurements has been established using the 2p /sup 1/P/sup o/-4s /sup 1/S transition. A new method is described for analyzing beam--tilted-foil data. The results are compared with those forecast by the theory suggested by Band, and good agreement is found for the transitions from /sup 1/P/sup o/ terms but somewhat poorer agreement is found for the transitions from /sup 1/D terms. In particular, the M/I polarization is shown to become negative for a foil tilt angle of around 60/sup 0/ in the case of the /sup 1/P/sup o/ terms and 45/sup 0/ for the /sup 1/D terms, while the total polarization fraction remains nearly constant at all tilt angles observed for the /sup 1/P/sup o/ terms but shows a pronounced minimum at about 45/sup 0/ for the /sup 1/D terms. A simple procedure is also outlined for the accurate determinationmore » of the phase of a retarder plate at any required wavelength. « less
Water-silver nanofluid application in a TPCT under an external magnetic field

The efficiency of a two-phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT) with a nanofluid as the working fluid under the effects of a magnetic field is investigated experimentally. In this study the silver/water nanofluid with different concentrations (20 ppm–80 ppm) was tested. Also a magnetic field with various strengths (0.12, 0.35, and 1.2 T) was exerted on the TPCT by a permanent magnet. It was seen that the TPCT heat transfer performance and the thermophysical properties of the base fluid are affected considerably by the nanoparticle addition and magnetic field. According to the experimental results the thermal efficiency of the thermosyphon increased significantly with the nanoparticle concentration increasing as well as the magnetic field strength. The TPCT showed better performance for the highest value of concentration (80 ppm) and magnetic field (1.2 T). Moreover, the experimental results present that the thermal efficiency in the presence of a magnetic field is somewhat increased. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21006
A Short Derivation of the Structure Theorem for Graphs with Excluded Topological Minors

As a major step in their proof of Wagner's conjecture, Robertson and Seymour showed that every graph not containing a fixed graph $H$ as a minor has a tree-decomposition in which each torso is almost embeddable in a surface of bounded genus. Recently, Grohe and Marx proved a similar result for graphs not containing $H$ as a topological minor. They showed that every graph which does not contain $H$ as a topological minor has a tree-decomposition in which every torso is either almost embeddable in a surface of bounded genus, or has a bounded number of vertices of high degree. We give a short proof of the theorem of Grohe and Marx, improving their bounds on a number of the parameters involved.
The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Optic Nerve Injury: Neuroprotection and Mitochondrial Homeostasis

Stem cell therapies hold great promise as alternative treatments for incurable optic nerve disorders. Although mesenchymal stem cells exhibit various tissue regeneration and recovery capabilities that may serve as valuable therapies, the clinical applications remain limited. Thus, we investigated the utility of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPSCs) in this context. Hypoxically preconditioned hPSCs (HPPSCs) were prepared via short-term incubation under 2.2% O2 and 5.5% CO2. The EVs were then isolated. R28 cells (retinal precursor cells) were exposed to CoCl2 and treated with EVs for 24 h. Cell proliferation and regeneration were measured using a BrdU assay and immunoblotting; ATP quantification revealed the extent of the mitochondrial function. The proteome was determined via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected and their interactions identified. HPPSC_EVs functions were explored using animal models of optic nerve compression. HPPSC_EVs restored cell proliferation and mitochondrial quality control in R28 cells damaged by CoCl2. We identified DEPs (p < 0.05) that aided recovery. The mitochondrial DEPs included LONP1; PARK7; VDAC1, 2, and 3; HSPD1; and HSPA9. EVs regulated the levels of mitophagic proteins in R28 cells injured by hypoxia; the protein levels did not increase in LONP1 knockdown cells. LONP1 is a key mediator of the mitophagy that restores mitochondrial function after hypoxia-induced optic nerve injury.
A novel recursive algorithm for directional forgetting

An algorithm for directional forgetting is developed. This algorithm performs exponential forgetting according to the direction of data vector, thus preventing the problem known as estimator windup which is a characteristic of the standard exponential forgetting algorithm. This algorithm is able to track fast parameter changes and is similar in complexity to the standard least square algorithm. The superior performance of the algorithm is verified via theoretical and simulation studies.
Hall effect probes and their use in a fully automated magnetic measuring system

The sources of error in the measurement of magnetic fields with Hall plates are discussed and some precautions to be taken to achieve the highest accuracy are described. This review includes a survey of the literature on these effects and the results of some additional investigations are presented. The general purpose measuring facility at Daresbury Laboratory is described with particular emphasis on the latest improvements resulting in a highly reliable and completely automated system that has been employed in the testing of the magnets for the new Synchrotron Radiation source.
Analysis of the rheotens experiment with viscoelastic constitutive equations for probing extensional rheology of polymer melts

A model for the rheotens experiment is proposed to probe extensional rheology of polymer melts relevant to fabrication. The philosophy of the model is the coupling of the filament transport phenomena equations with kinetic theory constitutive equations of the differential type. A modified Giesekus (MG) constitutive equation seems to outperform other constitutive equations of the kinetic theory type, such as original Giesekus (OG) and finitely extensible non-linear elastic (FENE)-like, in terms of fitting and predictive capability of force rheotens curves at different process conditions for (i) substantially linear homogeneously branched polymers (AFFINITY™ polyolefin plastomers), (ii) linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) (ASPUN™ fiber grade resins) and (iii) dow LDPE melts, with a variety of melt indexes and polydispersities (Mw∕Mn). The model is a useful tool for estimation of an apparent elongational viscosity versus strain rate curve from raw rheotens data. It predicts a dominating extension thinnin.
Demonstration of X-Ray Talbot Interferometry

First Talbot interferometry in the hard X-ray region was demonstrated using a pair of transmission gratings made by forming gold stripes on glass plates. By aligning the gratings on the optical axis of X-rays with a separation that caused the Talbot effect by the first grating, moiré fringes were produced inclining one grating slightly against the other around the optical axis. A phase object placed in front of the first grating was detected by moiré-fringe bending. Using the technique of phase-shifting interferometry, the differential phase corresponding to the phase object could also be measured. This result suggests that X-ray Talbot interferometry is a novel and simple method for phase-sensitive X-ray radiography.
SARSPLEX: Multiplex Serological ELISA with a Holistic Approach

Currently, there are over 602 million severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cases and 6.4 million COVID-19 disease-related deaths worldwide. With ambitious vaccine strategies, reliable and accurate serological testing is needed to monitor the dynamics of the novel coronavirus pandemic and community immunity. We set out to improve serological testing of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2. We hypothesize that by multiplexing the serological diagnostic test kit (SARSPLEX) and screening for three antibodies, an even more robust diagnostic can be developed. A total of 293 sera were analyzed for IgM, IgG, or IgA immune reactions to the subunit 1 spike glycoprotein and the nucleocapsid protein in a standardized ELISA platform. Testing IgM, IgG, and IgA demonstrated high positive and negative agreements compared to RT-PCR and serology reference tests. Comparison with the pre-2019-CoV (n = 102) samples highlighted the specificity of this test kit and indicated that no unspecific binding, even with the summer flu patients (n = 44), was detected. In addition, SARSPLEX demonstrated to be a valuable occupational surveillance tool used in a functional medicine facility. With increased and broader testing, SARSPLEX will be a valuable tool in monitoring immunity and aid in prioritizing access to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for high-risk patients.
Fault-Tolerant Control of Multi-Joint Robot Based on Fractional-Order Sliding Mode

In this paper, the problem of fault-tolerant control of actuators for multi-joint robots is studied. Aiming at the jitter problem in the design of fault-tolerant control law for conventional sliding mode controllers (SMC), a controller design method based on fractional-order sliding mode (FSMC) theory is proposed. At first, the mathematical model of the multi-joint robot is established and the fractional-order sliding mode surface is constructed according to the mathematical model. Then, the robust control law is designed based on the Lyapunov function. Finally, the experiments are carried out. Compared with the conventional sliding mode control, the experimental results show that the multi-joint robot is more stable under the control of fractional-order sliding mode, and it can achieve almost no jitter while tracking the reference. The steady-state error for joint1 and joint2 could reach 0.073 radians under the control of SMC, while it is 0.015 radians under the control of FSMC. The steady-state error data indicate that the fluctuation amplitude under FSMC is five times smaller than SMC for the end part of the multi-joint robot under actuator gain faults. The regulation time for joint1 and joint2 is about 0.11 s under the control of SMC, and it is around 0.04 s for FSMC. The regulation time is reduced to one of three or four. These data show the effectiveness of the FSMC proposed in this paper.
Strong approximation of density dependent Markov chains on bounded domains

Density dependent families of Markov chains, such as the stochastic models of mass-action chemical kinetics, converge for large values of the indexing parameter $N$ to deterministic systems of differential equations (Kurtz, 1970). Moreover for moderate $N$ they can be strongly approximated by paths of a diffusion process (Kurtz, 1976). Such an approximation however fails if the state space is bounded (at zero or at a constant maximum level due to conservation of mass) and if the process visits the boundaries with non negligible probability. We present a strong approximation by a jump-diffusion process which is robust to this event. The result is illustrated with a particularly hard case study.
Optimization modeling of anti breast cancer drug candidates based on data mining

In drug research and development, in order to save time and cost, the method of establishing compound activity prediction model is usually used to screen potential active compounds, In order to become a candidate drug, a compound not only needs to have good biological activity, but also needs to have good pharmacokinetic properties and safety in human body, which is collectively known as ADMET. This paper adopts data mining technology, Firstly, the use of random forest to find the main variables of modeling is studied, and its independence is verified by high correlation filtering. The 20 main operating variables selected are MDEC-23, maxHsOH etc; Secondly, a five layer BP neural network is used to establish a compound bioactivity prediction model, which can predict the IC50 value and the corresponding pIC50 value of the compound; Then the improved BP neural network model is used to establish the classification prediction model of compounds Caco-2, CYP3A4, ERG, hob and Mn. The algorithm verifies that the accuracy of CYP3A4 is 94.3%, and the accuracy of the five models is more than or close to 90%, which is more practical than the prediction value of the improved BP neural network; Finally, the main variables of genetic algorithm are used to make the compound pair inhibit er α The value range of biological activity is optimized, which has certain practical significance.
On Linear and Unconditionally Energy Stable Algorithms for Variable Mobility Cahn-Hilliard Type Equation with Logarithmic Flory-Huggins Potential

In this paper, we consider the numerical approximations for the fourth order Cahn-Hilliard equation with concentration dependent mobility, and the logarithmic Flory-Huggins potential. One challenge in solving such a diffusive system numerically is how to develop proper temporal discretization for nonlinear terms in order to preserve the energy stability at the time-discrete level. We resolve this issue by developing a set of the first and second order time marching schemes based on a novel, called "Invariant Energy Quadratization" approach. Its novelty is that the proposed scheme is linear and symmetric positive definite because all nonlinear terms are treated semi-explicitly. We further prove all proposed schemes are unconditionally energy stable rigorously. Various 2D and 3D numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the stability, accuracy and efficiency of the proposed schemes thereafter.
Crossing Minimization within Graph Embeddings

We propose a novel optimization-based approach to embedding heterogeneous high-dimensional data characterized by a graph. The goal is to create a two-dimensional visualization of the graph structure such that edge-crossings are minimized while preserving proximity relations between nodes. This paper provides a fundamentally new approach for addressing the crossing minimization criteria that exploits Farkas’ Lemma to re-express the condition for no edge-crossings as a system of nonlinear inequality constraints. The approach has an intuitive geometric interpretation closely related to support vector machine classification. While the crossing minimization formulation can be utilized in conjunction with any optimization-based embedding objective, here we demonstrate the approach on multidimensional scaling by modifying the stress majorization algorithm to include penalties for edge crossings. The proposed method is used to (1) solve a visualization problem in tuberculosis molecular epidemiology and (2) generate embeddings for a suite of randomly generated graphs designed to challenge the algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the approach. The proposed edge-crossing constraints and penalty algorithm can be readily adapted to other supervised and unsupervised optimization-based embedding or dimensionality reduction methods. The constraints can be generalized to remove overlaps between any graph components represented as convex polyhedrons including node-edge and node-node intersections.
Fish Oil and Selenium with Doxorubicin Modulates Expression of Fatty Acid Receptors and Selenoproteins, and Targets Multiple Anti-Cancer Signaling in Triple-negative Breast Cancer Tumors

Omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil (FO) and selenium (Se) potentiate some conventional therapies and have anticancer immune potential. This study aims to determine whether FO/Se modulates G-protein-coupled polyunsaturated fatty acid receptors (GPR-40 and GPR-120) and selenoproteins (Sel-H, Sel-W, and GPx4), and increases the therapeutic effect of doxorubicin in a dose-dependent manner on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) mouse. Mice were randomized into 5 groups (n = 7/group) and treated with physiological saline (control), low-dose doxorubicin, and doxorubicin in combination with low, medium, or high doses of FO/Se. The expression of signaling molecules in tumors was determined by measuring either mRNA or protein expression. Compared with doxorubicin alone, combination treatment resulted in lower tumor sizes and fewer overall metastasis, lower GPR-40 mRNA levels, and higher expression of all selenoproteins. Doxorubicin-FO/Se combination treatment decreased expression of membrane EGFR and FGFR, down-regulated downstream PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK/ERK, and JAK2/c-Src/STAT3 signaling, increased tumor suppressor PTEN/TSC1/TSC2 expression and P53 activation, and suppressed oncogenic transcription factor expression. Dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation index Ki-67, cell cycle, and stem-cell-related markers were observed. Decreased immune check-points PD-L1/CTLA-4/Foxp3/CD86 and increased PD-1/CD28/IL-2 expression was also found. These observations suggest that the nutritional supplements FO/Se increase the chemotherapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin against TNBC by modulating GPR-40 and selenoprotein and targeting multiple signaling pathways in tumor tissues.
The existence of designs II

We generalise the existence of combinatorial designs to the setting of subset sums in lattices with coordinates indexed by labelled faces of simplicial complexes. This general framework includes the problem of decomposing hypergraphs with extra edge data, such as colours and orders, and so incorporates a wide range of variations on the basic design problem, notably Baranyai-type generalisations, such as resolvable hypergraph designs, large sets of hypergraph designs and decompositions of designs by designs. Our method also gives approximate counting results, which is new for many structures whose existence was previously known, such as high dimensional permutations or Sudoku squares.