Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A POLYNOMIAL TIME BRANCH AND BOUND ALGORITHM FOR THE SINGLE ITEM ECONOMIC LOT SIZING PROBLEM WITH ALL UNITS DISCOUNT AND RESALE

The purpose of this paper is to present a polynomial time algorithm which determines the lot sizes for purchase component in Material Requirement Planning (MRP) environments with deterministic time-phased demand with zero lead time. In this model, backlog is not permitted, the unit purchasing price is based on the all-units discount system and resale of the excess units is possible at the ordering time. The properties of an optimal order policy are argued and on the basis of them, a branch and bound algorithm is presented to construct an optimal sequence of order policies. In the proposed B&B algorithm, some useful fathoming rules have been proven to make the algorithm very efficient. By defining a rooted tree graph, it has been shown that the worst-case time complexity function of the presented algorithm is polynomial. Finally, some test problems which are randomly generated in various environments are solved to show the efficiency of the algorithm.
A double active gm-boosted-based inductorless differential wideband low-noise amplifier

A double active gm-boosted-based inductorless differential wideband low-noise amplifier (LNA) is proposed in this paper. The proposed LNA applies two common-gate (CG) stages and the capacitive cross-coupled (CCC) technique. Moreover, a noise-cancelling architecture is adopted for low noise factor (NF). The proposed LNA is simulated in a TSMC 0.18-μm RF CMOS process.Within DC-1.2GHz, the LNA achieves 20dB S21, minimal NF (with output buffer) of 3.2dB, and IIP3 of -8.9 dBm. The power consumption is 3.6mW with 1V power supply.
Screening for Coping Style Increases the Power of Gene Expression Studies

Background Individuals of many vertebrate species show different stress coping styles and these have a striking influence on how gene expression shifts in response to a variety of challenges. Principal Findings This is clearly illustrated by a study in which common carp displaying behavioural predictors of different coping styles (characterised by a proactive, adrenaline-based or a reactive, cortisol-based response) were subjected to inflammatory challenge and specific gene transcripts measured in individual brains. Proactive and reactive fish differed in baseline gene expression and also showed diametrically opposite responses to the challenge for 80% of the genes investigated. Significance Incorporating coping style as an explanatory variable can account for some the unexplained variation that is common in gene expression studies, can uncover important effects that would otherwise have passed unnoticed and greatly enhances the interpretive value of gene expression data.
The Influence of Serum Uric Acid on Bone Mineral Density, Hip Geometry, and Fracture Risk: The Rotterdam Study.

CONTEXT The role of uric acid (UA) in skeletal metabolism remains to be unraveled. OBJECTIVE We prospectively investigated the association between UA, bone mineral density at the femoral neck (FN-BMD), hip bone geometry parameters, and incident fracture risk and examined whether the associations were modified by age and vitamin C intake. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data of 5074 participants of The Rotterdam Study, a prospective population-based cohort. EXPOSURE Serum UA was assessed at baseline. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES FN-BMD was measured at baseline, and at second, third, and fourth visits of the Rotterdam Study. Hip bone geometry parameters were measured at baseline and at the second and third visits. RESULTS Serum UA levels (per SD increase) were positively associated with FN-BMD (β = 0.007 g/cm(2); 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.002-0.01), thicker cortices (β = 0.002 cm; 95% CI = 0.0003-0.002), lower bone width (β = -0.013 cm; 95% CI = -0.23 to -0.003), and lower cortical buckling ratio (β = -0.19; 95% CI = -0.33 to -0.06). The effects of UA on FN-BMD and cortical buckling ratio tended to become stronger over time. Hazard ratios and 95% CIs per SD increase of baseline UA levels for the development of any type of incident fractures, nonvertebral fractures, and osteoporotic fractures were 0.932 (0.86-0.995), 0.924 (0.856-0.998), and 0.905 (0.849-0.982), respectively. These associations were more prominent in older individuals (age, >65 y) and in participants with high intakes of vitamin C (> median). CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of serum UA are associated with higher BMD (at the expense of thicker cortices and narrower bone diameters) and may be a protective factor in bone metabolism. However, interactions with age and vitamin C may be present.
Genomic Selection and Reproductive Efficiency in Dairy Cattle

Joseph Dalton1, Dale Moore2, Thomas E. Spencer3, Peter J. Hansen4, John B. Cole5, and Holly Neibergs6 1Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Caldwell, ID 83605 2Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 3Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 4Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 5USDA-ARS, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705 6Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 Correspondence: jdalton@uidaho.edu
Becoming an Intercultural Mediator: A Longitudinal Study of Residence Abroad

The 'Year Abroad' is a requirement of all students of languages in Higher Education in Britain to spend an academic year in a country or countries where the languages they are learning are spoken. This article draws on research with a cohort of students during the Year and ten years later to examine the long-term learning involved. The research methodology was based on in-depth interviews and narrative theory. The data were analysed in terms of the development of intercultural competence discernible in the interviews undertaken ten years after the experience. It was found that the participants who profited most from the Year were those who had a degree of 'tertiary socialisation' before they left, and that this continued to be a significant part of their private and professional lives.
Accessory factors promote AlfA-dependent plasmid segregation by regulating filament nucleation, disassembly, and bundling

Significance Many bacteria contain large, circular DNA molecules, called plasmids, that encode physiologically, medically, and commercially important genes, including genes conferring virulence and drug resistance. The largest plasmids use active segregation systems to maintain themselves in the host bacterium. Such segregation systems provide remarkable insight into bacterial cell biology. The pLS32 plasmid, found in a commercially important strain of Bacillus subtilis, relies on a segregation system encoded by the alf operon. We show that DNA movement is driven by self-assembly of a polymeric protein, called AlfA, and that self-assembly of AlfA into a functional, DNA-segregating machine requires the activity of the accessory factor AlfB, which (unexpectedly) promotes both assembly and disassembly of AlfA polymers. In bacteria, some plasmids are partitioned to daughter cells by assembly of actin-like proteins (ALPs). The best understood ALP, ParM, has a core set of biochemical properties that contributes to its function, including dynamic instability, spontaneous nucleation, and bidirectional elongation. AlfA, an ALP that pushes plasmids apart in Bacillus, relies on a different set of underlying properties to segregate DNA. AlfA elongates unidirectionally and is not dynamically unstable; its assembly and disassembly are regulated by a cofactor, AlfB. Free AlfB breaks up AlfA bundles and promotes filament turnover. However, when AlfB is bound to the centromeric DNA sequence, parN, it forms a segrosome complex that nucleates and stabilizes AlfA filaments. When reconstituted in vitro, this system creates polarized, motile comet tails that associate by antiparallel filament bundling to form bipolar, DNA-segregating spindles.
Bean pod mottle virus

Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) is wide­ spread in the major soybean-growing areas in the southern and southeastern United States. A severe outbreak of BPMV in the north central and northern Great Plains states is currently causing serious concern to soybean growers and to the soybean industry in this region (30). BPMV is effi­ ciently transmitted in nature, within and between soybean fields, by several species of leaf-feeding beetles. The deleterious effects of BPMV infection not only reduce yield but also reduce seed quality, as seeds from infected plants may be discolored. Furthermore, BPMV predisposes soybeans to Phomopsis spp. seed infection (85), a major cause of poor seed quality in soy­ bean (78). The recent BPMV outbreak is linked to the warm winters of the past few years that have allowed the beetle vectors to overwinter and emerge in the spring in unprecedented numbers (Fig. 1).
Antitussive Drugs—Past, Present, and Future

Cough remains a serious unmet clinical problem, both as a symptom of a range of other conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, gastroesophageal reflux, and as a problem in its own right in patients with chronic cough of unknown origin. This article reviews our current understanding of the pathogenesis of cough and the hypertussive state characterizing a number of diseases as well as reviewing the evidence for the different classes of antitussive drug currently in clinical use. For completeness, the review also discusses a number of major drug classes often clinically used to treat cough but that are not generally classified as antitussive drugs. We also reviewed a number of drug classes in various stages of development as antitussive drugs. Perhaps surprising for drugs used to treat such a common symptom, there is a paucity of well-controlled clinical studies documenting evidence for the use of many of the drug classes in use today, particularly those available over the counter. Nonetheless, there has been a considerable increase in our understanding of the cough reflex over the last decade that has led to a number of promising new targets for antitussive drugs being identified and thus giving some hope of new drugs being available in the not too distant future for the treatment of this often debilitating symptom.
Smoking status and stages of change for dietary behaviors among WIC women.

OBJECTIVE To examine whether dietary attitudes and demographics differ based on smoking status among low-income women participating in a dietary intervention. METHODS Smoking status, stages of change for eating a healthier diet, and dietary intake were examined among 2066 women participating in the Maryland Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Food for Life Program. RESULTS Relative to nonsmokers, current smokers reported significantly higher overall calories; higher percentages of calories from fat, sweets, and alcohol; and lower percentage of calories from protein. Never smokers who received the dietary intervention evidenced the greatest dietary changes over time. CONCLUSIONS Future interventions should consider targeting smoking and diet simultaneously or employ different strategies for smokers and nonsmokers.
Homeodomain Leucine Zipper Class I Genes in Arabidopsis. Expression Patterns and Phylogenetic Relationships1[w]

Members of the homeodomain leucine zipper (HDZip) family of transcription factors are present in a wide range of plants, from mosses to higher plants, but not in other eukaryotes. The HDZip genes act in developmental processes, including vascular tissue and trichome development, and several of them have been suggested to be involved in the mediation of external signals to regulate plant growth. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome contains 47 HDZip genes, which, based on sequence criteria, have been grouped into four different classes: HDZip I to IV. In this article, we present an overview of the class I HDZip genes in Arabidopsis. We describe their expression patterns, transcriptional regulation properties, duplication history, and phylogeny. The phylogeny of HDZip class I genes is supported by data on the duplication history of the genes, as well as the intron/exon patterning of the HDZip-encoding motifs. The HDZip class I genes were found to be widely expressed and partly to have overlapping expression patterns at the organ level. Further, abscisic acid or water deficit treatments and different light conditions affected the transcript levels of a majority of the HDZip I genes. Within the gene family, our data show examples of closely related HDZip genes with similarities in the function of the gene product, but a divergence in expression pattern. In addition, six HDZip class I proteins tested were found to be activators of gene expression. In conclusion, several HDZip I genes appear to regulate similar cellular processes, although in different organs or tissues and in response to different environmental signals.
The Essence and Mechanisms of Mindfulness in Therapeutic Context.

Based on classic Buddhist practices that do not assume pathology, mindfulness facilitates a shift in clients’ relationship with suffering that mediates beneficial change. Neurological studies have demonstrated that this shift is both psychological and structural. In the 30 years since mindfulness first entered the lexicon of modern psychology, mindfulness-based interventions have emerged that depart from its historical, experiential roots. Such differ­ences have led to uncertainty and confusion about the efficacy and essence of mindfulness, and its conceptualization. Unresolved, this confusion has implications for professional training, research, and therapeutic practice.
Term babies with delayed cord clamping: an approach in preventing anemia*

Abstract Objective: We investigated the effects of delayed and early clamping of the cord on the hematologic status of the baby at birth and at the end of second month. Methods: Umbilical cord of 74 babies were clamped in the first 30 s (Group 1) and 76 were clamped at 90–120 s (Group 2). Levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, iron and ferritin were analyzed from the umbilical cord blood at birth and from the venous samples at the end of second month. Results: Hemoglobin, hematocrit, iron and ferritin levels of cord blood were similar in both groups. However, their levels other than ferritin were higher in Group 2 at the end of second month. Two babies had respiratory distress and twelve neonates received phototherapy in Group 2 whereas only five neonates received phototherapy in Group 1. Conclusion: Term babies to whom delayed cord clamping was performed had improved hematological parameters at the end of second month. Therefore, delaying cord clamping in these babies may be a favorible approach in preventing anemia.
QoE measurement of mobile YouTube video streaming

The scope of this paper is the interdisciplinary measurement and modeling of Quality of Experience (QoE) related to mobile YouTube video streaming in Living Lab environment. The paper introduces the implementation of a QoE measurement framework on the Android platform and discusses results from a first study using this framework. In this respect, a multi-dimensional QoE prediction model consisting of both objective and subjective parameters is presented. In this model, the test users' evaluations of the content, picture quality, sound quality, fluidness, and loading speed of streamed videos are taken into account and related to a set of objective parameters. To our knowledge, this model is the first to include unlimited, realistic video content. We found that the content has the largest influence on the QoE of online recommend video content in mobile context.
A GLOBALLY CONVERGENT NUMERICAL METHOD FOR SOME COEFFICIENT INVERSE PROBLEMS WITH RESULTING SECOND ORDER ELLIPTIC EQUATIONS

A new globally convergent numerical method is developed for some multidimensional Coefficient Inverse Problems for hyperbolic and parabolic PDEs with applications in acoustics, electromagnetics and optical medical imaging. On each iterative step the Dirichlet boundary value problem for a second order elliptic equation is solved. The global convergence is rigorously proven and numerical experiments are presented.
A Study on the Pitch Range in the Context of Downstep in Chinese

In this study, the realization of pitch range of tones in the context of downstep in Chinese is analyzed. The test sentences are composed of "High + Low + High + Low" sequences, and it is found that, compared to utterance with 2 HL sequences, the overall pitch ranges of longer utterances are great. The pitch range of the last HL sequence is the greatest, and that of the first HL sequence is the second greatest, with that near the middle of the utterance to be the least great. The pitch range of the utterance initial HL sequence of shorter utterance tends to be greater than that of longer ones, and those of the final HL sequences of long and short utterances approach a constant value.
Associative learning and animal cognition

Associative learning plays a variety of roles in the study of animal cognition from a core theoretical component to a null hypothesis against which the contribution of cognitive processes is assessed. Two developments in contemporary associative learning have enhanced its relevance to animal cognition. The first concerns the role of associatively activated representations, whereas the second is the development of hybrid theories in which learning is determined by prediction errors, both directly and indirectly through associability processes. However, it remains unclear whether these developments allow associative theory to capture the psychological rationality of cognition. I argue that embodying associative processes within specific processing architectures provides mechanisms that can mediate psychological rationality and illustrate such embodiment by discussing the relationship between practical reasoning and the associative-cybernetic model of goal-directed action.
Mercury Inactivates Transcription and the Generalized Transcription Factor TFB in the Archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus

ABSTRACT Mercury has a long history as an antimicrobial agent effective against eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. Despite its prolonged use, the basis for mercury toxicity in prokaryotes is not well understood. Archaea, like bacteria, are prokaryotes but they use a simplified version of the eukaryotic transcription apparatus. This study examined the mechanism of mercury toxicity to the archaeal prokaryote Sulfolobus solfataricus. In vivo challenge with mercuric chloride instantaneously blocked cell division, eliciting a cytostatic response at submicromolar concentrations and a cytocidal response at micromolar concentrations. The cytostatic response was accompanied by a 70% reduction in bulk RNA synthesis and elevated rates of degradation of several transcripts, including tfb-1, tfb-2, and lacS. Whole-cell extracts prepared from mercuric chloride-treated cells or from cell extracts treated in vitro failed to support in vitro transcription of 16S rRNAp and lacSp promoters. Extract-mixing experiments with treated and untreated extracts excluded the occurrence of negative-acting factors in the mercury-treated cell extracts. Addition of transcription factor B (TFB), a general transcription factor homolog of eukaryotic TFIIB, to mercury-treated cell extracts restored >50% of in vitro transcription activity. Consistent with this finding, mercuric ion treatment of TFB in vitro inactivated its ability to restore the in vitro transcription activity of TFB-immunodepleted cell extracts. These findings indicate that the toxicity of mercuric ion in S. solfataricus is in part the consequence of transcription inhibition due to TFB-1 inactivation.
Configuration management with version sets: a unified software versioning model and its applications

Software configuration management ( SCM) is the discipline for organizing and controlling evolving complex software systems. Several SCM tools and systems exist that automate and integrate SCM tasks like version identification, system modeling, product construction, or team work coordination. However, the choice of an SCM system is still a long-term commitment: Each SCM system comes with its ownSCM policy, which is often centered on a specific environment and thus seldom interoperates, yet alone integrates with other SCM tools. This is unfortunate, as the entire software development process must be adapted to fit the system’sSCM policy. We wantSCM systems that adapt to their users, rather than vice versa. As a foundation, we propose a unified versioning model, the version set model. Version sets denote versions, components, and configurations by feature terms, that is, boolean terms over (feature:value)-attributions. Throughfeature logic,a wellestablished formalism for knowledge representation and logic programming, we define the semantics of SCM tasks and concepts. Our results are as follows: Unified versioning. Version sets provide one single formalism to express all versioning dimensions as well as constraints on them, integrating SCM concepts like revisions, variants, workspaces, and configurations in one single model. TheSCMpolicy is not constrained by decisions made in lower SCM layers. Integration of changes and revisions.Configuration constraints, expressed in feature logic, allow us to capture the entire range of temporal versioning— from the rigidness of versions-oriented models to the flexibility of changeoriented models. Consistency checking under ambiguity.Through feature logic, we deduce the features and the consistency of configurations as well as derived compo-
Methadone increases intracellular calcium in SH‐SY5Y and SH‐EP1‐hα7 cells by activating neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

(–)‐Methadone acts as an agonist at opioid receptors. Both (+)‐ and (–)‐enantiomers of methadone have been suggested to be potent non‐competitive antagonists of α3β4 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). In the present study, we have examined interactions of methadone with nAChRs by using receptor binding assays, patch‐clamp recording and calcium fluorometry imaging with SH‐SY5Y cells naturally expressing α7 and α3* nAChR subtypes and SH‐EP1‐hα7 cells heterologously expressing human α7 nAChRs. Methadone potently inhibited binding of [3H]methyllycaconitine to α7 nAChRs and that of [3H]epibatidine to α3* nAChRs. Methadone pretreatment induced up‐regulation of epibatidine binding sites in SH‐SY5Y cells. Using whole‐cell patch‐clamp recording, both isomers of methadone activated cation currents via mecamylamine‐sensitive nAChRs in SH‐SY5Y cells. Nicotine and both (+)‐ and (–)‐methadone evoked increases in [Ca2+]i in both fluo‐3AM loaded cell lines, and these effects were blocked by mecamylamine and by the α7 selective antagonist methyllycaconitine, suggesting effects of methadone as α7‐nAChR agonist. Sensitivity of sustained nicotine and methadone effects to blockade by CdCl2, ryanodine and xestospongin‐c implicates voltage‐operated Ca2+ channels and intracellular Ca2+ stores as downstream modulators of elevated [Ca2+]i. Collectively, our results suggest that methadone engages in complex and potentially pharmacologically significant interactions with nAChRs.