Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Training Recurrent Neural Networks by Using Parallel Recursive Prediction Error Algorithm

As an alternative local and higher order algorithm, the parallel recursive prediction error algorithm (PRPE) is used to train the recurrent neural networks (RNNs). This algorithm uses a modiied form of the well-known recursive prediction error algorithm (RPE) such that the computation can be distributed into each node in the network. Therefore, the algorithm has a better trade-oo between computational cost and convergence time. Several examples of training the RNNs to perform time series prediction task are presented to demonstrate the superior convergence performance of the algorithm compared with the real time recurrent learning algorithm (RTRL).
Comparison Study of Polysomnographic Features in Multiple System Atrophy-cerebellar Types Combined with and without Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder

Background:The brain stem is found to be impaired in multiple system atrophy-cerebellar types (MSA-C). Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is reported as a marker of progressive brain stem dysfunction. Few systematic studies about the sleep disturbances in MSA-C patients combined with or without RBD were reported. This study aimed to explore the polysomnographic (PSG) features of sleep disturbances between MSA-C patients with and without RBD. Methods:Totally, 46 MSA-C patients (23 with RBD, and 23 without RBD) were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent a structured interview for their demographic data, history of sleep pattern, and movement disorders; and then, overnight video-PSG was performed in each patient. All the records were evaluated by specialists at the Sleep Medicine Clinic for RBD and the Movement Disorder Clinic for MSA-C. The Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test for continuous variables, and the Chi-square test for categorical variables were used in this study. Results:MSA-C patients with RBD had younger visiting age (52.6 ± 7.4 vs. 56.7 ± 6.0 years, P = 0.046) and shorter duration of the disease (12.0 [12.0, 24.0] vs. 24.0 [14.0, 36.0] months, P = 0.009) than MSA-C patients without RBD. MSA-C with RBD had shorter REM sleep latency (111.7 ± 48.2 vs. 157.0 ± 68.8 min, P = 0.042), higher percentage of REM sleep (14.9% ±4.0% vs. 10.0% ± 3.2%, P = 0.019), and lower Stage I (9.5% ±7.2% vs. 15.9% ±8.0%, P = 0.027) than MSA-C without RBD. Moreover, MSA-C patients with RBD had more decreased sleep efficiency (52.4% ±12.6% vs. 65.8% ±15.9%, P = 0.029) than that without RBD. Conclusions:In addition to the RBD, MSA-C patients with RBD had other more severe sleep disturbances than those without RBD. The sleep disorders of MSA patients might be associated with the progress of the disease.
Earn all that you can earn : Income differences between women veterans and non-veterans

Drawing on 1990 Census data, this paper uses regression analysis to examine several hypotheses regarding the earnings of women military veterans. While frequency distributions show that veterans out-earned non-veterans, this advantage reversed when controls were added. Younger women veterans in particular suffered an earnings disadvantage compared to same-age non-veterans and older veterans; for older veterans, however, military experience resulted in a wage premium. The findings offered little support for the idea that the military provides modern women a bridge to higher-paid civilian employment. Thus, while the military advertises to young people that it can further their careers, it does not offer a route to higher-paying jobs for all women
The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS): normative data and latent structure in a large non-clinical sample.

OBJECTIVES To provide UK normative data for the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) and test its convergent, discriminant and construct validity. DESIGN Cross-sectional, correlational and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). METHODS The DASS was administered to a non-clinical sample, broadly representative of the general adult UK population (N = 1,771) in terms of demographic variables. Competing models of the latent structure of the DASS were derived from theoretical and empirical sources and evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. Correlational analysis was used to determine the influence of demographic variables on DASS scores. The convergent and discriminant validity of the measure was examined through correlating the measure with two other measures of depression and anxiety (the HADS and the sAD), and a measure of positive and negative affectivity (the PANAS). RESULTS The best fitting model (CFI =.93) of the latent structure of the DASS consisted of three correlated factors corresponding to the depression, anxiety and stress scales with correlated error permitted between items comprising the DASS subscales. Demographic variables had only very modest influences on DASS scores. The reliability of the DASS was excellent, and the measure possessed adequate convergent and discriminant validity Conclusions: The DASS is a reliable and valid measure of the constructs it was intended to assess. The utility of this measure for UK clinicians is enhanced by the provision of large sample normative data.
Unsocial Networks - Restoring the Social in Social Networks

This paper discusses multiple meanings of the idea of "social networks. " It discusses how the most common view of social networks in Information Systems, as the result of the interaction of autonomous agents, could be tested. It then introduces research that falsifies that premise. It introduces an alternative view of social networks that comes from sociology and discusses how Information Systems could make significant contributions to social sciences
A Hybrid Parallel Implementation of the Aho-Corasick and Wu-Manber Algorithms Using NVIDIA CUDA and MPI Evaluated on a Biological Sequence Database

Multiple matching algorithms are used to locate the occurrences of patterns from a finite pattern set in a large input string. Aho–Corasick and Wu–Manber, two of the most well known algorithms for multiple matching require an increased computing power, particularly in cases where large-size datasets must be processed, as is common in computational biology applications. Over the past years, Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have evolved to powerful parallel processors outperforming Central Processing Units (CPUs) in scientific calculations. Moreover, multiple GPUs can be used in parallel, forming hybrid computer cluster configurations to achieve an even higher processing throughput. This paper evaluates the speedup of the parallel implementation of the Aho–Corasick and Wu–Manber algorithms on a hybrid GPU cluster, when used to process a snapshot of the Expressed Sequence Tags of the human genome and for different problem parameters.
Articulated Object Detection

We develop an object detection algorithm for difficult-to-detect objects with consumerlevel range cameras. The increasing popularity of such devices made the process of obtaining depth data extremely easy. The availability of depth data motivates the need for algorithms that will be able to process it in meaningful ways, so that it then can be used in applications like robot navigation or object retrieval. However the quality of the point clouds obtained using these cameras often leaves much to be desired, which makes the processing stage very challenging. This project aims at developing a method that is able to process the data in a way that will conceptually alleviate the data issues. In particular we consider the problem of detecting articulated objects like laptops in the office-type, indoor environments. This report has two main contributions. The first is a graph-based scene representation that approximates the captured environment using simple, well described geometric primitives (nodes) and describes the geometric relationships between them (edges). A series of experiments to determine set of stable features to detect these relationships has been performed. A graph created in this way serves as a global scene descriptor,and the object detection can be posed as a sub-graph matching problem. Ways of determining node-to-node correspondence between scene and object of interest graph representations were investigated. Simple method to find this node to node correspondence has been developed, exploiting the fact that most of the scenes can be described by small and simple graphs. The problem has been also posed to fit into existing, advanced framework for graph matching. The second contribution is the way of to reason about the missing data. This project focused on the laptop detection, that can suffer from dramatic data loss, due to the fact that laptop screen tend to reflect structured light pattern. The method described is able to cope with such missing data in a robust way that is also able to reason about the data loss due to other issues, i.e. partial occlusion. The system for laptop detection in cluttered office environment has been developed as a proof of concept for the presented approach. It is argued that the graph based approach is a reliable way of performing object detection, that however suffers greatly from the poor data quality, by performing the tests using synthetically generated data as well. The performance of the detection system is presented both for synthetically generated data and the captured real-world data set. The limitations and possibilities for improvements are discussed.
Interaction Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Magnaporthe oryzae BAS1-4 as Biotrophy-Associated Secreted Proteins in Rice Blast Disease[W][OA]

Biotrophic invasive hyphae (IH) of the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae secrete effectors to alter host defenses and cellular processes as they successively invade living rice (Oryza sativa) cells. However, few blast effectors have been identified. Indeed, understanding fungal and rice genes contributing to biotrophic invasion has been difficult because so few plant cells have encountered IH at the earliest infection stages. We developed a robust procedure for isolating infected-rice sheath RNAs in which ∼20% of the RNA originated from IH in first-invaded cells. We analyzed these IH RNAs relative to control mycelial RNAs using M. oryzae oligoarrays. With a 10-fold differential expression threshold, we identified known effector PWL2 and 58 candidate effectors. Four of these candidates were confirmed to be fungal biotrophy-associated secreted (BAS) proteins. Fluorescently labeled BAS proteins were secreted into rice cells in distinct patterns in compatible, but not in incompatible, interactions. BAS1 and BAS2 proteins preferentially accumulated in biotrophic interfacial complexes along with known avirulence effectors, BAS3 showed additional localization near cell wall crossing points, and BAS4 uniformly outlined growing IH. Analysis of the same infected-tissue RNAs with rice oligoarrays identified putative effector-induced rice susceptibility genes, which are highly enriched for sensor-transduction components rather than typically identified defense response genes.
Reference Group Behavior and Social Integration: An Explorative Study

and if the officer-instructor makes all his decisions at choice points in terms of this role, he will not be called to task for having erred. Consider, on the other hand, the officerinstructor who thinks of himself as a teacher first and an officer second. He is stripped of a general frame of reference for decision making. Unlike his colleagues, he is very troubled that "military rank rather than teaching experience too often determines position" in his school. He is troubled too that the "recognition given an instructor may depend more on the insignia on his collar than on his knowledge of the subject matter. " And so on. He is troubled because he is making decisions in terms of the teacher role when the dominant expectations and the appropriate decisions in the situation, whether he likes it or not, are made in terms of the officer role. The officer-instructor at Air University who chooses as his major role the instructor rather than the officer role is more likely to be involved in conflict because his major role is not also the legitimate role. It is noteworthy that it is the officer-instructor trained in a civilian specialty, say lawyer, and required to teach this civilian subject matter who is in more conflict than the officer-instructor trained in a military specialty teaching military subject matter. And it is the officer-instructor with many years service as officer, that is at least well committed to the military role, who is in less conflict at Air University than the officer-instructor with less service as officer. There has been a tendency to place emphasis in the study of role effectiveness on the relative congruence of personality needs and role expectations. This, it seems to us, is a necessary condition but by no means a sufficient one. It is also necessary that the expectations that are engaged by the needs be the more legitimate ones within the total setting. We would hold that in a role conflict situation the sufficient conditions for role effectiveness, technical skill aside, are twofold: the congruence of personality needs and role expectations and the choice of a major role that is the more legitimate one. Further clarification of the effective handling of role conflict might well be pushed forward within the three concepts involved in these conditions: the choice of major role, the congruence of needs and expectations, and the legitimacy of expectations within the situation.
An effect of K‐ras gene mutation on epidermal growth factor receptor signal transduction in PANC‐1 pancreatic carcinoma cells

The Ras protein is involved in tyrosine kinase signal transduction pathway steps such as EGFR signalling. Most human pancreatic carcinomas harbor a point mutation of K‐ras oncogene and overexpress transforming TGF‐α. We studied how K‐ras gene mutation could influence the EGFR signal transduction mechanism and the autonomous proliferation of pancreatic carcinoma cells, using PANC‐1 human pancreatic carcinoma line and WI‐38 normal human fibroblast cell line as a control. PANC‐1 cells responded to neither EGF nor exogenous TGF‐α, although anti‐TGF‐α MAb suppressed their growth. Expression of TGF‐α mRNA was detected only in PANC‐1 cells, which confirmed EGFR being within an autocrine loop. Ras protein and MAP kinase were constitutively activated in PANC‐1 cells so that the cells did not respond to treatment with staurosporine or herbimycin A, and exhibited slight response to EGF stimulation. PANC‐1 cells harbored K‐ras gene mutation in codon 12. In contrast, EGF stimulation induced an elevation of GTP‐bound ratio to Ras protein and an activation of MAP kinase with accelerated growth in WI‐38 cells. From these findings, we concluded that K‐ras gene mutation possibly plays an important role in the autonomous proliferation of PANC‐1 pancreatic carcinoma cells, and that an autocrine loop represented by TGF‐α and EGFR may further accelerate the growth of PANC‐1 cells. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Area Estimation of World Regions and the Projection of the Global-Scale Cognitive Map

For global-scale geographic information, there are relatively few sources that can be used to form or structure a cognitive map. One of the most common sources for this information is maps, the only reference that permits an individual a comprehensive view of the world without having to integrate information from multiple views (e.g., stitching together the two halves of a globe or assembling the pages of an atlas). It has been frequently stated that visual experience with the map projections used for global-scale mapping, specifically the Mercator projection, has a strong influence on the shape and structure of an individual's global-scale cognitive map. In this article, we examine this belief by conducting two studies on the relationship between memory- and inference-derived estimates of land area and the actual land areas of regions on the Earth. Numerical and graphical estimation techniques were used to obtain area estimates. We examined the results for relationships between distortion in estimated area and area as displayed in common map projections such as the Mercator projection, as well as for general trends in the estimation patterns. Nonequal area projections, particularly the Mercator projection, were found not to have much if any influence on the shape of participants' cognitive maps. Instead, we found estimates to be fairly accurate relative to actual area, and that the estimation pattern most clearly reflected standard trends in psychophysical estimation.
Power harvesting and telemetry in CMOS for implanted devices

Implanted sensors offer many advantages to study and monitor the human body. Wires or batteries often compromise their usefulness. We describe a telemetry chip that by inductive coupling supplies power to and transmits digital data from an implantable sensor. The same two coils are used to transmit both power and data. The chip fabricated in 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS technology supplies 1.7 mA at 3.3 V, over a distance up to 25 mm between coils. Experiments emulating the effect of human tissue by introducing water bearing colloids between the two coils revealed a negligible loss of transfer efficiency. With modified Miller encoding, the data link attained 3 10/sup -5/ bit error rate at 10 kbps transmission speed over 25 mm distance. Repeated tests using the same colloids between coils resulted in a slight decrease in the signal to noise ratio of the data stream with increasing thickness.
Book Review: Who Said (A Falsifiable) What to Whom?

An attitude is an evaluation of an entity (Eagly and Chaiken, 1993)—it is how much a person likes or dislikes something. Persuasion is the process of changing an attitude (Petty and Cacioppo, 1986). As scientists, our ideas are constrained by the humans who communicate them. Hovland, Janis, and Kelley (1953) organized research on attitudes and persuasion into the framework of " Who said what to whom. " Helen Fisher's book Why Him, Why Her? is constrained by the same principles of any other communication. This review will examine Fisher's book from the framework of Hovland et al. The answer to " who " is the messenger, Helen Fisher, a professor of anthropology at Rutgers University. Fisher is an engaging writer who has attempted to disseminate the findings of her research on personality types and their relationship to human pair-bonding. Social psychology tells that most of the time " birds of a feather flock together " is more accurate than " opposites attract " in that human close relationships are more likely to last when the pair-bond participants have more in common. However, the commonalities in this sense are usually attitudes and demographic. Fisher presents a great deal of evidence that personality types function in a slightly different manner. The answer to " what " is the message of the book. Why Him, Why Her? develops the idea of four basic personality types: Builder, Director, Explorer, and Negotiator. Builders are traditional and match up well with builders. Directors are competitive and match up well with negotiators, who are agreeable. Explorers are adventurous and match up well with other explorers. Thus, for builders and explorers, birds of a feather do flock together. For negotiators and directors, they do not. That is to say that negotiators and directors seek complementary personality types (these types are not " opposite " to each other). Fisher believes that each of the personality types is rooted in neurochemistry: explorers with high dopamine, builders with high serotonin, directors with high testosterone, and negotiators with high estrogen. No direct evidence linking these neurotransmitters and hormones to personality types was presented, but a case was made from existing behavioral research on the neurotransmitters and hormones. The idea of the four personality types is based on a Chemistry.com survey of 30,000 participants to make the case for each of these types, using methods of correlation. Supporting
An evaluation of distributed computing options for a rule-based approach to black-box software component integration

This paper presents an evaluation of distributed object computing technology and the manner in which such tools can be used to construct a distributed framework for active rule processing. The results are presented in the context of the Integration Rules (IRules) project, which is investigating the middle-tier, rule processing technology necessary for the use of declarative, active rules in the integration of distributed, black-box components. Assuming the use of Enterprise Java Beans (EJBs) for component interfaces, we provide an evaluation of the event and transaction processing features of CORBA compared to the same capabilities using Jini Connection Technology. Through the simulation of integration rules, we identify the event and transaction processing issues that must be considered in the construction of distributed architectures for the interconnection of EJB components. The results of this investigation are being used to develop a general purpose, distributed rule processing architecture for integration rules within the IRules project.
Indoor positioning using LTE signals

This paper presents an experiment using real Long-Term Evolution (LTE) signals to extend positioning from outdoors to indoors. LTE signals are of interest for positioning applications because of their availability indoors, where GNSS signal reception is limited. Different approaches for time of arrival (TOA) extraction are evaluated for their positioning performance, combined with an extended Kalman filter (EKF) for movement tracking. The paper shows that the performance is surprisingly good, with high visibility of cellular signals even in the difficult indoor test environment, and with a positioning error once indoors smaller than 8m in 50% of cases.
The role of online videos in research communication: A content analysis of YouTube videos cited in academic publications

Although there is some evidence that online videos are increasingly used by academics for informal scholarly communication and teaching, the extent to which they are used in published academic research is unknown. This article explores the extent to which YouTube videos are cited in academic publications and whether there are significant broad disciplinary differences in this practice. To investigate, we extracted the URL citations to YouTube videos from academic publications indexed by Scopus. A total of 1,808 Scopus publications cited at least one YouTube video, and there was a steady upward growth in citing online videos within scholarly publications from 2006 to 2011, with YouTube citations being most common within arts and humanities (0.3%) and the social sciences (0.2%). A content analysis of 551 YouTube videos cited by research articles indicated that in science (78%) and in medicine and health sciences (77%), over three fourths of the cited videos had either direct scientific (e.g., laboratory experiments) or scientific-related contents (e.g., academic lectures or education) whereas in the arts and humanities, about 80% of the YouTube videos had art, culture, or history themes, and in the social sciences, about 63% of the videos were related to news, politics, advertisements, and documentaries. This shows both the disciplinary differences and the wide variety of innovative research communication uses found for videos within the different subject areas. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A NOTE ON TRAPPED SURFACES IN THE VAIDYA SOLUTION

The Vaidya solution describes the gravitational collapse of a finite shell of incoherent radiation falling into flat spacetime and giving rise to a Schwarzschild black hole. There has been a question whether closed trapped surfaces can extend into the flat region (whereas closed outer trapped surfaces certainly can). For the special case of self-similar collapse we show that the answer is yes, if and only if the mass function rises fast enough.