Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interpolar spindle microtubules in PTK cells

Spindle microtubules (MTs) in PtK1 cells, fixed at stages from metaphase to telophase, have been reconstructed using serial sections, electron microscopy, and computer image processing. We have studied the class of MTs that form an interdigitating system connecting the two spindle poles (interpolar MTs or ipMTs) and their relationship to the spindle MTs that attach to kinetochores (kMTs). Viewed in cross section, the ipMTs cluster with antiparallel near neighbors throughout mitosis; this bundling becomes much more pronounced as anaphase proceeds. While the minus ends of most kMTs are near the poles, those of the ipMTs are spread over half of the spindle length, with at least 50% lying > 1.5 microns from the poles. Longitudinal views of the ipMT bundles demonstrate a major rearrangement of their plus ends between mid- and late anaphase B. However, the minus ends of these MTs do not move appreciably farther from the spindle midplane, suggesting that sliding of these MTs contributes little to anaphase B. The minus ends of ipMTs are markedly clustered in the bundles of kMTs throughout anaphase A. These ends lie close to kMTs much more frequently than would be expected by chance, suggesting a specific interaction. As sister kinetochores separate and kMTs shorten, the minus ends of the kMTs remain associated with the spindle poles, but the minus ends of many ipMTs are released from the kMT bundles, allowing the spindle pole and the kMTs to move away from the ipMTs as the spindle elongates.
Optimal implementation of the weakest failure detector for solving consensus

The concept of unreliable failure detector was introduced by T.D. Chandra and S. Toueg (1996) as a mechanism that provides information about process failures. Depending on the properties which the failure detectors guarantee, they proposed a taxonomy of failure detectors. It has been shown that one of the classes of this taxonomy, namely Eventually Strong (/spl nabla/S), is the weakest class allowing a solution of the Consensus problem. The authors present a new algorithm implementing /spl nabla/S. Our algorithm guarantees that eventually all the correct processes agree on a common correct process. This property trivially allows us to provide the accuracy and completeness properties required by /spl nabla/S. We show then that our algorithm is better than any other proposed implementation of /spl nabla/S in terms of the number of messages and the total amount of information periodically sent. In particular, previous algorithms require periodic exchange of at least a quadratic amount of information, while ours only requires O(n log n) (where n is the number of processes). However, we also propose a new measure to evaluate the efficiency of this kind of algorithm, the eventual monitoring degree, which does not rely on a periodic behavior and expresses the degree of processing required by the algorithms better. We show that the runs of our algorithm have optimal eventual monitoring degree.
Uncertainty and Investment Options

This paper develops a simple model in which uncertainty about future tax policy leads to a temporary reduction in investment. The basic idea is that policy uncertainty creates uncertainty about the profitability of investment. If the uncertainty is likely to be resolved in the not-too-distant future, firms rationally delay committing resources to irreversible projects, reducing current investment. When the uncertainty is resolved, investment recovers, generating a temporary boom. The size of the boom depends on the realization of the fiscal uncertainty, with lower realizations of the tax rate producing larger booms.
Doping Incorporation in InAs nanowires characterized by capacitance measurements

Sn and Se doped InAs nanowires are characterized using a capacitance-voltage technique where the threshold voltages of nanowire capacitors with different diameter are determined and analyzed using an improved radial metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistor model. This allows for a separation of doping in the core of the nanowire from the surface charge at the side facets of the nanowire. The data show that the doping level in the InAs nanowire can be controlled on the level between 2×1018 to 1×1019 cm−3, while the surface charge density exceeds 5×1012 cm−2 and is shown to increase with higher dopant precursor molar fraction.
An Atlas of Galactic OB Spectra Observed with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer

An atlas of far-ultraviolet spectra of 45 Galactic OB stars observed with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer is presented. The atlas covers the wavelength region between 912 and 1185 Å with an effective spectral resolution of 0.12 Å. Systematic trends in the morphology and strength of stellar features are discussed. Particular attention is drawn to the variations of the C III λ1176, S IV λλ1063, 1073, and P V λλ1118, 1128 line profiles as a function of temperature and luminosity class; and the lack of a luminosity dependence associated with O VI λλ1032, 1038. Numerous interstellar lines are also identified.
Self-Directed Learning, Political Clarity, and the Critical Practice of Adult Education

This paper argues that reframing the concept of self-direction as an inherently political idea comprises an important strategic opening in building a critical practice of adult education. Instead of being equated with atomistic self-gratification, self-direction can be interpreted as part of a cultural tradition that emphasizes the individual's standing against repressive interests. As such, the concept has some powerful political underpinnings which, if made explicit, could play a significant role in awakening the critical spirit in American adult education. Two inherently political dimensions of the idea are discussed: first, the recognition that at the intellectual heart of self-direction are issues of control and power that are inescapably political; second, the claim that any authentic exercise of self-directedness requires that certain political conditions be in place.
Radial scar/complex sclerosing lesion—a problem in the diagnostic work‐up of screen‐detected breast lesions

During the first 7.5 years of breast cancer screening in South Australia, 88 radial scar/complex sclerosing lesions were among the mammographically detected abnormalities. A false‐positive cytological diagnosis by fine needle biopsy was given in three of 69 such cases with satisfactory smears, a false‐positive rate of 4.3% in this particular group. A review of the smears suggested that the false‐positive diagnoses could have been avoided if a total or near total absence of a benign epithelial component had been included among the criteria for a malignant diagnosis. However, even after review, atypia was considered sufficiently worrying to be reported as a suspicion of malignancy in 7% of cases.
Leader or follower? Involvement of the inferior parietal lobule in agency

Agency is the sense that I am the one generating an action. In this neuroimaging experiment, subjects controlled a circle with a mouse while requested either to lead another circle (i.e., being the agent) or to follow it (i.e., being acted upon). Clusters within the right intraparietal sulcus were associated with following for the most rostral and leading for the most caudal ones. Bilateral activity in the inferior parietal lobule in conditions involving confusion about the origin of the action confirmed its role in agency. A lateralization effect was also found in these conditions, the response being stronger in the left inferior parietal lobule when subjects were not the agent of the performed action, and in the right when they were.
Mature women students : separating or connecting family and education

The political and the personal separating and connecting public and private worlds family and education - meanings in childhood and adulthood "greedy institutions" - straddling the worlds of family and education women and family life in the academic and public world power, interest and support - the effects of education on the women's family lives ways of being equality in different worlds. Appendix: the women interviewed.
Some Properties of Decomposition Ordering, a Simplification Ordering to Prove Termination of Rewriting Systems

— Recursive path ordering is an ordering on terms inttoduced by Dershowitz to prove the termination of rewriting Systems. A new ordering, called décomposition ordering, is defined. It is proved to be equivalent to the path ordering and, as corollary, a simple proof of the well-foundedness of recursive path ordering is given. Résumé. — Vordre récursif sur les chemins a été introduit par Dershowitz pour prouver la terminaison des systèmes de réécriture. On propose ici un nouvel ordre appelé ordre de décomposition et Von montre qu'il est équivalent à l'ordre récursif sur les chemins et comme corollaire on donne une preuve simple de la bonne fondation de ce dernier.
Professional development: perceptions of benefits for principals

Schools in Abu Dhabi are going through change and reform. Abu Dhabi Education Council (ADEC) has initiated professional development for principals to facilitate change and school improvement. This paper explores principals’ perception on the benefits of professional development received in light of managing school change and reforms. Semi-structured interviews provided data on perceived benefits of professional development, delivered for principals. These benefits are considered essential in enhancing principals’ capabilities to fulfil new task requirements within the context of educational change. Findings shed light on: (a) how these benefits were functionalized in the new school system within the professional standards of principals and (b) areas requiring improvements. Based on the findings, recommendations for further need to maximize the benefits through a reconsideration of the content and process in designing professional development were voiced in a climate which places increasing demands on principals as leaders of schools.
PRESTO: Probabilistic Cardinality Estimation for RDF Queries Based on Subgraph Overlapping

In query optimisation accurate cardinality estimation is essential for finding optimal query plans. It is especially challenging for RDF due to the lack of explicit schema and the excessive occurrence of joins in RDF queries. Existing approaches typically collect statistics based on the counts of triples and estimate the cardinality of a query as the product of its join components, where errors can accumulate even when the estimation of each component is accurate. As opposed to existing methods, we propose PRESTO, a cardinality estimation method that is based on the counts of subgraphs instead of triples and uses a probabilistic method to estimate cardinalities of RDF queries as a whole. PRESTO avoids some major issues of existing approaches and is able to accurately estimate arbitrary queries under a bound memory constraint. We evaluate PRESTO with YAGO and show that PRESTO is more accurate for both simple and complex queries.
Cytomegalovirus latency and reactivation: recent insights into an age old problem

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection remains a major cause of morbidity in patient populations. In certain clinical settings, it is the reactivation of the pre‐existing latent infection in the host that poses the health risk. The prevailing view of HCMV latency was that the virus was essentially quiescent in myeloid progenitor cells and that terminal differentiation resulted in the initiation of the lytic lifecycle and reactivation of infectious virus. However, our understanding of HCMV latency and reactivation at the molecular level has been greatly enhanced through recent advancements in systems biology approaches to perform global analyses of both experimental and natural latency. These approaches, in concert with more classical reductionist experimentation, are furnishing researchers with new concepts in cytomegalovirus latency and suggest that latent infection is far more active than first thought. In this review, we will focus on new studies that suggest that distinct sites of cellular latency could exist in the human host, which, when coupled with recent observations that report different transcriptional programmes within cells of the myeloid lineage, argues for multiple latent phenotypes that could impact differently on the biology of this virus in vivo. Finally, we will also consider how the biology of the host cell where the latent infection persists further contributes to the concept of a spectrum of latent phenotypes in multiple cell types that can be exploited by the virus. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reversing Property Rights: Practice‐Based Approaches for Controlling Agricultural Nonpoint‐Source Water Pollution When Emissions Aggregate Nonlinearly

Nonpoint-source water pollution remains a major issue despite decades of research and sizable conservation programs. We suggest that by taking advantage of contemporary modeling and optimization approaches, good approximations to physical relationships can be constructed so that even in the presence of unobservable field emissions and nonlinear fate and transport relationships, standard economic tools of command-and-control requirements, performance standards, and trading can be implemented. The Boone River Watershed in the U.S. state of Iowa is used for empirical demonstration. Although the approach can be used to construct voluntary conservation policies, the described policies involve imposing requirements on agricultural polluters rather than relying on voluntary actions alone.
The Parent App: Understanding Families in the Digital Age

As a communication and media studies scholar focusing on families, Lynn Schofield Clark is an expert on how parents and children both shape and are shaped by old and new technologies through their everyday experiences. Also a trained sociologist, Clark is attuned to what those practices mean to families in their relation to the rest of their busy lives. With a nod to the socioeconomic comparative work of Annette Lareau (2003) and Margaret Nelson (2010), Clark’s newest book “The Parent App” is based on over 10 years of interview and observational research with families in urban, suburban, and rural areas of the USA. The book draws specifically on work conducted with nineteen middle-class and twenty-seven less advantaged families of diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds. While most ethnographic analyses of the role of media in family life have explored either upper or lower-income families, Clark identifies a need for large-scale qualitative research comparing patterns of digital media use between these two groups. While race certainly matters, Clark identifies clearly contrasting but sometimes overlapping approaches to parenting in the digital age between upper and lower-income families. Clark is careful to avoid judgment, noting that each approach has its advantages and disadvantages within the context of families’ everyday lives. She maintains that in order to understand the patterns of difference emerging through income inequality, we must parse what is “new” about families’ experiences with new media and the ways in which “old” or inherited patterns of family communication impact approaches to new technologies. Clark’s title is provocative, paradoxical, and potentially misinterpretable based on the cover alone, which frames the words “The Parent App” within the screen of an iPhone-like device. While directly addressing parents, the book isn’t a traditional parenting book, nor is it a jargon-filled academic book either. Clark clearly states at various points that the book is not an advice manual for parents. She notes that no singular “Parent App,” or “a way of finding help and direction” (p. 5) as parents raise children in a digital age can solve the diverse needs of diverse families. Writes Clark, prefacing the book with her own personal context and family background:
A Revised Classification System and Recommendations From the Baltimore Consensus Meeting for Neoplastic Precursor Lesions in the Pancreas

International experts met to discuss recent advances and to revise the 2004 recommendations for assessing and reporting precursor lesions to invasive carcinomas of the pancreas, including pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), mucinous cystic neoplasm, and other lesions. Consensus recommendations include the following: (1) To improve concordance and to align with practical consequences, a 2-tiered system (low vs. high grade) is proposed for all precursor lesions, with the provision that the current PanIN-2 and neoplasms with intermediate-grade dysplasia now be categorized as low grade. Thus, “high-grade dysplasia” is to be reserved for only the uppermost end of the spectrum (“carcinoma in situ”–type lesions). (2) Current data indicate that PanIN of any grade at a margin of a resected pancreas with invasive carcinoma does not have prognostic implications; the clinical significance of dysplasia at a margin in a resected pancreas with IPMN lacking invasive carcinoma remains to be determined. (3) Intraductal lesions 0.5 to 1 cm can be either large PanINs or small IPMNs. The term “incipient IPMN” should be reserved for lesions in this size with intestinal or oncocytic papillae or GNAS mutations. (4) Measurement of the distance between an IPMN and invasive carcinoma and sampling of intervening tissue are recommended to assess concomitant versus associated status. Conceptually, concomitant invasive carcinoma (in contrast with the “associated” group) ought to be genetically distinct from an IPMN elsewhere in the gland. (5) “Intraductal spread of invasive carcinoma” (aka, “colonization”) is recommended to describe lesions of invasive carcinoma invading back into and extending along the ductal system, which may morphologically mimic high-grade PanIN or even IPMN. (6) “Simple mucinous cyst” is recommended to describe cysts >1 cm having gastric-type flat mucinous lining at most minimal atypia without ovarian-type stroma to distinguish them from IPMN. (7) Human lesions resembling the acinar to ductal metaplasia and atypical flat lesions of genetically engineered mouse models exist and may reflect an alternate pathway of carcinogenesis; however, their biological significance requires further study. These revised recommendations are expected to improve our management and understanding of precursor lesions in the pancreas.
Optimal filter-bank design for multiple texture discrimination

An important category of texture features are features extracted by filters together with a filter response energy measure. Most approaches to texture filtering use filter banks which are selected by some heuristic criteria and which are not optimal with respect to the given data. Some approaches to optimal filter design have been presented. A few approaches to multi-texture optimal filter bank design have also been presented, but they are all restricted to very small sets of free parameters. In this paper a new technique for multiple texture optimal design of a bank of general finite impulse response (FIR) filters is presented. A closed form optimal solution is obtained by modeling the feature extraction for the textures.
A Self-stabilizing Algorithm for Maximal 2-packing

In the self-stabilizing algorithmic paradigm for distributed computing each node has only a local view of the system, yet in a finite amount of time the system converges to a global state, satisfying some desired property. In a graph G = (V, E), a subset S ⊆ V is a 2-packing if all nodes in S lie at distance three or more from each other, counting the number of edges. In this paper we present an ID-based, self-stabilizing algorithm for finding a maximal 2-packing, a non-local property, in an arbitrary graph. We also show how to use Markov analysis to analyse the behaviour of a non-ID-based version of the algorithm.
Characterization of the Mitotic Specific Phosphorylation Site of Histone H1

32P-Labeled histone H1 was isolated from synchronized Chinese hamster (line CHO) cells, subjected to tryptic digestion, and fractionated into 15 phosphopeptides by high performance liquid chromatography. These phosphopeptides were grouped into five classes having different cell cycle phosphorylation kinetics: 1) peptides reaching a maximum phosphorylation rate in S and then declining in G2 and M, 2) peptides reaching a maximum phosphorylation rate in G2 and then remaining constant or declining in M, 3) peptides with increasing phosphorylation throughout S and G2 and reaching a maximum in M, 4) one peptide that was phosphorylated only in M, and 5) peptides that had low levels of phosphorylation that remained constant throughout the cell cycle. Amino acid analysis and sequencing demonstrated that the mitotic specific H1 phosphopeptide was the 16-amino acid, N-terminal, tryptic peptide Ac-SETAPAAPAAAPPAEK of the H1-1 class. This peptide, which is phosphorylated on both the Ser and Thr, does not contain the consensus sequence (S/T)PXZ (where X is any amino acid and Z is a basic amino acid). This sequence is thought to be required by the p34cdc2/cyclin B kinase that has maximum phosphorylating activity in mitosis. These data indicate that this kinase either does not have an obligatory requirement for the consensus sequence in vivo as generally believed or that it is not the enzyme responsible for the mitotic specific H1 phosphorylation.
Towards assertion-based verification of heterogeneous system designs

In this paper a comprehensive assertion-based verification methodology for the digital, analog and software domain of heterogeneous systems is presented. The proposed methodology combines a novel mixedsignal assertion language and the corresponding automatic verification algorithm. The algorithm translates the heterogeneous temporal properties into observer automata for a semi-formal verification. This enables automatic verification of complex heterogeneous properties that can not be verified by existing approaches. The experimental results show the integration of mixed-signal assertions into a simulation environment and demonstrate the broad applicability and the high value of the evolved solution.
Prevalence of respiratory viruses among adults, by season, age, respiratory tract region and type of medical unit in Paris, France, from 2011 to 2016

Background Multiplex PCR tests have improved our understanding of respiratory viruses’ epidemiology by allowing their wide range detection. We describe here the burden of these viruses in hospital settings over a five-year period. Methods All respiratory samples from adult patients (>20 years old) tested by multiplex-PCR at the request of physicians, from May 1 2011 to April 30 2016, were included retrospectively. Viral findings are reported by season, patient age group, respiratory tract region (upper or lower) and type of clinical unit (intensive care unit, pneumology unit, lung transplantation unit and other medical units). Results In total, 7196 samples (4958 patients) were included; 29.2% tested positive, with viral co-infections detected in 1.6% of samples. Overall, two viral groups accounted for 60.2% of all viruses identified: picornaviruses (rhinovirus or enterovirus, 34.3%) and influenza (26.6%). Influenza viruses constituted the group most frequently identified in winter (34.4%), in the upper respiratory tract (32%) and in patients over the age of 70 years (36.4%). Picornavirus was the second most frequently identified viral group in these populations and in all other groups, including lower respiratory tract infections (41.3%) or patients in intensive care units (37.6%). Conclusion This study, the largest to date in Europe, provides a broad picture of the distribution of viruses over seasons, age groups, types of clinical unit and respiratory tract regions in the hospital setting. It highlights the burden associated with the neglected picornavirus group. These data have important implications for the future development of vaccines and antiviral drugs.