Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surgical Treatment of Cardiac Neoplasms: 32-Year Experience

In the last 25 years, there have been extraordinary advances and new developments in diagnosis and surgical treatment for cardiac tumors. New diagnostic methods have almost replaced the need for cardiac catheterization and ventriculography. During cardiopulmonary bypass the myocardium can be protected by means of hypothermia and cardioplegia. Various techniques have been developed to excise cardiac tumors. Depending upon the site and the extent of the neoplasm, additional cardiac repair may be required, including bypass grafting or valve replacement. Primary tumors of the heart are usually intracavitary lesions and more than 75% are benign. Myxomas are the most common cardiac tumors. They are usually attached to the intraatrial septum in the left atrium close to the fossa ovalis. Left atrial myxomas must be distinguished from mitral valve disease, since the clinical presentation may suggest rheumatic feaver and acute myocarditis. Since 1957 we have operated upon 71 patients with myxomas with no deaths. Removal of a myxoma should be undertaken more aggressively and thoroughly than formerly was recommended. Rhabdomyomas are usually multiple tumors, and most often they involve the ventricular myocardium. Because these tumors do not grow rapidly, surgical resection can be successful. It the tumor is large, it can be partially resected to release the obstruction. We have operated upon 3 patients with this tumor. Cardiac fibromas are the second most common tumor in infants and children. These are usually solitary tumors which compress the surrounding structures as they grow. Complete excision of fibromas is difficult since the tumors tend to grow large. We have operated upon 11 patients with this tumor. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The barriers to achievement for White/Black Caribbean pupils in English schools

Pupils of White and Black Caribbean descent make up the largest category of mixed heritage pupils in the United Kingdom. As a group they are at risk of underachieving and are proportionally over‐represented in school exclusions. Yet little is known to date about the barriers to their achievement. The common‐sense explanation for their underachievement is often in relation to the perception that mixed‐heritage people are more likely to have ‘identity problems’ and low self‐esteem because of their mixed backgrounds. In some cases, this view is further compounded by low teacher expectations associated with the socio‐economic background and household structure of some mixed heritage pupils. By drawing on qualitative data from recent research, 1 this article will explore the barriers to achievement faced by White/Black Caribbean pupils in English schools. We argue that although White/Black Caribbean pupils are likely to experience a similar set of barriers to achievement as Black Caribbean pupils, there are important distinctions to be made. The specific barriers to achievement identified for White/Black Caribbean pupils derive from socio‐economic disadvantage, low teacher expectation linked to misunderstandings of mixed heritage identities and backgrounds, and the behavioural issues and attitudes towards achievement linked to peer group pressures.
Hot Carrier Stress modeling: From degradation kinetics to trap distribution evolution

A complete TCAD model addressing Hot Carrier Degradation for Flash technology is presented. After having underlined the need for a power law with a low exponent for the aging kinetics and considered a high activation energy reflecting the single electron impact mode, a fine calibration is achieved. Finally, analysis on trap distribution and aging rates at different channel locations are provided.
Successors in Dutch family businesses: gender differences

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate gender differences among (potential) successors of Dutch family firms with respect to education, self-perceived capabilities and ownership ambition. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical analysis – which includes correlations, t-test and logistic regression analysis – is inspired by several theoretical perspectives used in previous studies and based on a sample of 232 (potential) successors who filled in a questionnaire. Findings – The results show that there is a clear gender difference regarding ownership; men strive more often for full ownership, whereas women opt for shared ownership, even when controlling for relevant variables such as the presence of children. Research limitations/implications – Future research should address the precise reasons why female successors prefer shared ownership. Particularly, it would be interesting to include the impact of the institutional environment, for example the specific Dutch working culture, where the.
Inclusions and Subtypes II: Higher-Order Case

The first-order theory of subtypes as inclusions developed in Part I is extended to a higher-order context This involves providing a higher-order equational logic for (inclusive) subtypes, a categorical semantics for such a logic that is complete and has initial models, and a proof that this higher-order logic is a conservative extension of its firstorder counterpart This higher-order categorical semantics includes a new notion of homomorphism between models that is both very natural in terms of its preservation properties and substantially more general than other notions of higher-order homomorphism proposed previously. The categorical semantics of higher-order inclusive subtypes is then generalized to a notion of model with two subtype relations r <r' (inclusion) and r <• T' (implicit conversion) thus reconciling and relating the two different intuitions that have so far prevailed in the first-order and higher-order cases. Axioms are then given that integrate the < and <: relations in the unified categorical semantics. Besides enjoying the benefits provided by each of the notions without their respective limitations, this framework supports rules for structural subtyping that are more informative and can discriminate between inclusions and implicit conversions.
A flexible approach for real-time wireless communications in adaptable industrial automation systems

Due to several advantages, such as flexibility, increased mobility, and lower costs, the deployment of wireless technologies in factory automation systems is rapidly growing. However, current wireless technologies, e. g. , IEEE802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), are not able to satisfy the requirements of industrial applications in terms of real-time communication. In this paper medium access control mechanisms in IEEE 802.11 are investigated and a new isochronous MAC is proposed. In combination with a traffic scheduler specifically designed for it, typical constraints of soft real-time flows found on the factory floor can be satisfied. A preliminary analysis shows the effectiveness of the proposed combination.
Diffusing-wave spectroscopy and multiple scattering of light in correlated random media.

We discuss the diffusing-wave spectroscopy technique for multiple scattering of light as introduced in recent experiments. This technique has proven to be useful in probing the self-diffusion of scattering particles in suspension by measuring the light-intensity autocorrelation function. We show how the autocorrelation function depends upon the dynamic structure factor of the medium in the presence of correlations between the scattering particles. There is a simple generalization of the result obtained for uncorrelated media to include the dynamic structure factor. Previous theoretical work has employed the white-noise model, valid for small uncorrelated scattering centers. The results of this model are valid only so long as the propagation of the light can be regarded as diffusive. On short length scales, however, the propagation becomes increasingly ballistic in nature. We present an exact formal solution of the transport equation capable of describing the crossover from ballistic to diffusive propagation. The resulting transport kernel provides a simple correction to the diffusion approximation for large scattering particles, which substantially improves the agreement with measured autocorrelation functions. We also discuss the polarization dependence of the autocorrelation function for both small as well as large scattering particles.
Feeding back the output or sharing state, which is better for the state-dependent degraded wiretap channel with noncausal CSI at the transmitter?

In this paper, we show that a noiseless feedback link from the legitimate receiver to the transmitter increases the maximum achievable secrecy rate of Chen and Han Vinck's model of the degraded wiretap channel with CSI only available at the transmitter. Moreover, we find that in some particular cases, this feedback scheme performs even better than Chia and El Gamal's CSI sharing scheme on improving the maximum achievable secrecy rate of Chen and Han Vinck's model.
Improved ROI and within frame discriminant features for lipreading

We study three aspects of designing appearance based visual features for automatic lipreading: (a) the choice of the video region of interest (ROI) on which image transform features are obtained; (b) the extraction of speech discriminant features at each frame; (c) the use of temporal information to improve visual speech modeling. With respect to (a), we propose a ROI that includes the speaker's jaw and cheeks, in addition to the traditionally used mouth/lip region. With respect to (b) and (c), we propose the use of a two-stage linear discriminant analysis, both within a single frame and across a large number of frames. On a large-vocabulary, continuous-speech, audio-visual database, the proposed visual features result in a 13% absolute reduction in visual-only word error rate over a baseline visual front end, and in an additional 28% relative improvement in audio-visual over audio-only phonetic classification accuracy.
Light fluctuations, crown traits, and response delays for tree saplings in a Costa Rican lowland rain forest

Light fluctuations and crown traits were studied for saplings of four tree species in a Costa Rican rain forest. Light fluctuations (1988–1994) were assessed by annual light estimations above saplings, using a visual crown position index. Crown traits in 1994 and growth between 1994 and 1995 were measured. Crown position values varied between 1.5 and 2.5. Of the 70 saplings only four were found at higher light levels (crown position of 3 or 3.5), but for 1–2 y only. Over the 6 y of investigation, 55–75 % of the saplings experienced no or only one light fluctuation, and 25–45 % two or three fluctuations. Crown traits in 1994 were either most strongly correlated with light levels in 1993 (Lecythis) and with light levels in 1991 and 1992 (Dipteryx and Simarouba), or they were not significantly correlated with light levels (Minquartia). It is hypothesised that: (1) the saplings require 1–3 y to establish a crown trait in response to light levels in the forest; and (2) and species that can economically produce a leaf can adjust crown traits more quickly in an environment dominated by low light levels than species that are less economic. Crown trait responses may track environmental changes in three of the four species, in particular in Lecythis. In this latter species, leaf area had no significant effect on growth and survival, whereas light level had a positive effect. Conversely, in the other three species, light levels had no discernible effect on growth and survival (due in part to low variation in crown position in two of these species), whereas leaf area had a positive effect on both.
Kinetic and quantitative relationships between insulin release and 65Zn efflux from perifused islets.

The kinetics of zinc release and insulin secretion were compared in perifused islets previously loaded for 24 h with 65Zn. In the absence of detectable insulin secretion, fractional basal 65Zn release was constant at 3-5%/h throughout the experimental periods, suggesting that basal efflux of zinc is primarily from a single extragranular compartment. Glucose (25 mM) alone caused a prompt release of both 65Zn and insulin. Previous studies using cell fractionation showed that approximately one third of islet 65Zn is in the granular fraction. Thus, if zinc efflux represents only that being cosecreted from the granule, a 65Zn to insulin fractional secretion ratio of approximately 0.33 would be expected. However, the ratio of 65Zn to insulin fractional secretion was only 0.16, indicating that glucose not only causes cosecretion of zinc associated with stored insulin, but also independently decreases 65Zn efflux from extragranular sources. At low glucose concentrations, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX; 1 mM) did not affect either insulin or 65Zn efflux; however, the combination of glucose plus IBMX caused a large and parallel biphasic release of both 65Zn and insulin at ratios approximating 0.33. Similar results were obtained with glucose plus forskolin. Leucine (20 mM) plus IBMX caused a characteristic rapid secretion of insulin which waned with time. Efflux of 65Zn was also prompt; however, the ratio of secreted 65Zn to insulin gradually increased during stimulation from a near-theoretical value for cosecretion at the initial peak to 0.70 by the end of the stimulation. 65Zn efflux was sustained even after termination of the leucine plus IBMX stimulus. alpha-Ketoisocaproic acid caused a similar stimulation and waning of insulin secretion, but with a consistent 65Zn to insulin fractional secretion ratio of about 0.33. With both leucine and alpha-ketoisocaproic acid, poststimulatory 65Zn efflux remained elevated. Perifusion of unlabeled zinc (1 mM; a concentration that inhibits insulin secretion) caused prompt and sustained release of 65Zn; efflux remained high at least 30 min after termination of zinc administration. Results expand previous batch islet experiments to show that zinc and insulin can be temporally cosecreted at ratios quantitatively consistent with their storage ratio in the granules without conservation or intracellular reutilization. In addition, there is 65Zn efflux from nongranular compartments which is stimulated or inhibited, depending on the secretagogue. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Commentary: Do Bees Play the Producer-Scrounger Game?

Group-living animals often use social information, in addition to personal sampling, to learn about foraging opportunities. Small-brained insects are no exception (Gruter and Leadbeater, 2014). For instance, inexperienced bumblebees learn to identify profitable flower species by observing conspecifics (Leadbeater and Chittka, 2005). Bumblebees are especially suitable to study insect social learning as they can be easily tested in the lab, allowing for precise control of food resources, individual experience and social cues (Avargues-Weber et al., 2015). Here we comment on two recent studies showing how bumblebees use personal and social information discriminately to make adaptive foraging decisions, thus setting the scene for complex social foraging dynamics among bees exploiting variable ressources in the field.
Automated Quantification of Capillary Nonperfusion Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Diabetic Retinopathy.

IMPORTANCE Macular ischemia is a key feature of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Quantification of macular ischemia has potential as a biomarker for DR. OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility of automated quantification of capillary nonperfusion as a potential sign of macular ischemia using optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS An observational study conducted in a tertiary, subspecialty, academic practice evaluated macular nonperfusion with 6 × 6-mm OCT angiography obtained with commercially available 70-kHz OCT and fluorescein angiography (FA). The study was conducted from January 22 to September 18, 2014. Data analysis was performed from October 1, 2014, to April 7, 2015. Participants included 12 individuals with normal vision serving as controls and 12 patients with various levels of DR. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Preplanned primary measures were parafoveal and perifoveal vessel density, total avascular area, and foveal avascular zone as detected with 6 × 6-mm OCT angiography and analyzed using an automated algorithm. Secondary measures included the agreement of the avascular area between the OCT angiogram and FA. RESULTS Compared with the 12 healthy controls (11 women; mean [SD] age, 54.2 [14.2] years), the 12 participants with DR (4 women; mean [SD] age, 55.1 [12.1] years) had reduced parafoveal and perifoveal vessel density by 12.6% (95% CI, 7.7%-17.5%; P < .001) and 10.4% (95% CI, 6.8%-14.1%; P < .001), respectively. Total avascular area and foveal avascular zone area were greater in eyes with DR by 0.82 mm2 (95% CI, 0.65-0.99 mm2; P = .02) and 0.16 mm2 (95% CI, 0.05-0.28 mm2; P < .001). The agreement between the vascular areas in the OCT angiogram and FA had a κ value of 0.45 (95% CI, 0.21-0.70; P < .001). Total avascular area in the central 5.5-mm-diameter area distinguished eyes with DR from control eyes with 100% sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Avascular area analysis with an automated algorithm using OCT angiography, although not equivalent to FA, detected DR reliably in this small pilot study. Further study is necessary to determine the usefulness of the automated quantification in clinical practice.
A influência da justiça nos processos de recuperação de falhas no varejo

O principal proposito deste estudo e identificar o papel da Justica percebida, em sua constituicao tridimensional, nos antecedentes da Lealdade em um cenario de recuperacao de falhas de servico. Para tanto, realizou-se um survey junto a 604 consumidores oriundos de um banco de dados de um grande varejista brasileiro. Por meio da modelagem de equacoes estruturais, identificaram-se os relacionamentos entre a Justica e a Satisfacao (r2=0,61), a Qualidade percebida (r2=0,47) e a Confianca (r2=0,55). Alem disso, identificou-se como estes construtos se relacionam com a Lealdade (r2=0,70) apos a falha ter sido recuperada.
Histories of Scholars, Ideas, and Disciplines of Biological Anthropology and Archaeology

Franz Boas defined anthropology over a century ago as a four-field discipline in danger of fragmentation. It has endured with stresses and strains by maintaining many integrative ties among the sub-disciplines. Vibrant links indicate that a healthy endeavor remains among anthropologists dedicated to an interdisciplinary approach. Little and Kennedy suggest that the story can be told by the histories of individuals, institutions, ideas, and traditions. However, they focus on individuals and institutions and seldom consider the histories of ideas, leading them to omit significant events. Fagan describes the origins of archaeology more thoroughly and situates individuals within the larger context.
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Treated Periodontitis: A Population-Based Follow-Up Study from Taiwan

Background The aim of the present study was to identify the long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in treated periodontitis patients in Taiwan. Methods From the National Health Insurance Research Database (2001-2010), adult patients (≥ 18 years) with treated periodontitis were identified. Comparison was made between patients with mild form and severe form of treated periodontitis after propensity score matching. The primary end point was the incidence of MACE. Results A total of 32,504 adult patients with treated periodontitis were identified between 2001 and 2010. After propensity score matching, 27,146 patients were preserved for comparison, including 13,573 patients with mild form and 13,573 patients with severe form of treated periodontitis. During follow-up, 728 individuals in mild treated periodontitis group and 1,206 individuals in severe treated periodontitis group had at least 1 MACE event. After adjustment for gender, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, severe treated periodontitis was associated with a mildly but significantly increased risk of MACE among older patients > 60 years of age (incidence rate ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–1.46). No association was found among younger patients ≤ 60 years of age. Conclusions Severe form of treated periodontitis was associated with an increased risk of MACE among older Taiwanese patients, but not among younger Taiwanese patients. We should put more efforts on the improvement of periodontal health to prevent further MACE.
Report on the ECIR 2011 workshop on information retrieval over query sessions

Research in Information Retrieval has traditionally focused on serving the best results for a single query. Real users, however, often begin an interaction with a search engine with a sufficiently under-specified information need that they will need to reformulate before they find either the one thing or every thing they are looking for. We define a session as the sequence of queries and interactions that a user performs in service of an information need. The first workshop on Information Retrieval Over Query Sessions was held at ECIR 2011 in Dublin, Ireland, with the purpose of investigating questions of measuring, analyzing, and optimizing IR system behavior over a session of reformulations.
Towards a Reliable SDN Firewall

fields, which are needed for checking firewall policy violations, from the pattern expression of a flow rule to represent the space of corresponding flow path. In addition, we reorganize these fields with a (source address, destination address) pair to specify a flow path space. Then, we define three kinds of spaces for representing a flow path space: (1) Incoming Space represents original header spaces of packets that can pass through the flow path; (2) Outgoing Space represents final header spaces of packets after the packets pass through the flow path; and (3) Tracked Space represents original source address and final destination address of header spaces of packets that can pass through the flow path. For accurately detecting firewall policy violations, the dependency relations between “allow” rules and “deny” rules in the firewall policy should be decoupled. We propose a concept of firewall authorization space, which represents a collection of all packets either allowed or denied by the firewall rules. We then introduce a space partition approach, which represents rules with header space and performs various set operations on rules, to convert a list of firewall rules into two disjoint authorization sub-spaces, denied authorization space and allowed authorization space. Once the space of a flow path and the firewall authorization space of the firewall policy are calculated, we identify violations through checking the tracked space of the flow path against the denied authorization space of the firewall policy. If these two spaces overlap each other, we call the overlapping space as the violated space, which indicates a firewall policy violation. There are two kinds of violations: (1) Entire Violation (the denied authorization space includes the whole tracked space); and (2) Partial Violation (the denied authorization space partially includes the tracked space).