Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Disagreement of Fibrosis Stages between 2D-Shear Wave Elastography and Transient Elastography in Chronic Hepatitis B

Introduction and objectives: The agreement of elastography techniques in chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) needs evaluation. We aimed to evaluate, in CHB, the agreement between transient elastography (TE) and two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE), analyzing the factors related to the disagreement of measures. Materials and methods: CHB patients underwent liver stiffness measures with both TE and 2D-SWE on the same day. For concordance analysis, we defined liver fibrosis as F0/1 vs. F ≥ 2, F0/1-F2 vs. F ≥ 3 and F0/1-F2-F3 vs. F4 for both methods. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the variables independently associated with the disagreement between methods. RESULTS: A total of 150 patients were enrolled. Liver fibrosis categorization according to TE was: F0-F1 = 73 (50.4%), F ≥ 2 = 40 (27.6%), F ≥ 3 = 21 (14.5%) and F4 = 11 (7.6%), and according to 2D-SWE was: F0/F1 = 113 (77.9%), F ≥ 2 = 32 (22.1%), F≥ 3 = 25 (17.2%) and F4 = 11 (7.6%). It was observed that 20.0% of the sample had steatosis (CAP≥ 275 dB/m). TE and SD-SWE estimated equal fibrosis stages in 79.3% of cases. Spearman's correlation coefficient was 0.71 (p < 0.01). Kappa values for F ≥ 2, F ≥ 3 and F = 4 were: 0.78, p < 0.001; 0.73, p < 0.001; and 0.64, p < 0.001, respectively. Diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR 5.04; 95%CI: 1.89–13.3; p < 0.001) and antiviral treatment (OR 6.79; 95%CI: 2.33–19.83; p < 0.001) were independently associated with discordance between both methods. Conclusions: In CHB, there is strong correlation and good agreement between TE and 2D-SWE in identifying fibrosis stages. Diabetes mellitus and antiviral therapy may impact the agreement of stiffness measures obtained with these elastographic methods.
Coordinated Voltage Control for Offshore Wind Farm Equipped with SVG and Energy Storage

In the power system integrated with offshore wind farm, energy storage is utilized for active power balance and voltage stability. This paper proposes a coordinated voltage control method for offshore wind farm with three types of reactive power sources. The detailed mathematical model of offshore wind farm with SVG and energy storage is established. By means of reactive power requirement calculation of point of interconnection (POI), the proposed method can compensate reactive power with comprehensive utilization of reactive power sources containing offshore wind farm, static var generator (SVG) system and energy storage. The compensation priority of each reactive power source is determined according to voltage variation conditions, and the reactive power support capability of the wind farm is improved by de-loading control. Based on real offshore wind farm in Jiangsu Province, the effectiveness of proposed voltage control method is verified in PSCAD.
Smooth norms that depend locally on finitely many coordinates

We characterize separable normed spaces that admit equivalent COO-smooth norms depending locally on finitely many coordinates. It follows, in particular, that such norms exist on any normed space with countable algebraic basis. We use the method of Talagrand operators developed by Haydon in [8] and certain integral convolution techniques [2], [13] to characterize separable normed spaces that admit C? -smooth norms depending locally on finitely many coordinates as spaces that admit norms with countable boundaries. As corollaries we obtain improvements on some results of Fonf [3] and Vanderwerff [14] and a new simple proof of a result of Haydon on Cw-smooth renormings of spaces of continuous functions on countable compact sets. Our results should be compared to the result of Godun, Lin, and Troyanski in [5] where it is shown that every separable Banach space can be given an equivalent norm, the unit ball of which contains countably many strongly extreme points. From this result and Theorem 1 below it follows that strongly extreme points need not necessarily form a boundary of Bx* . We will use the notation standard in Banach space theory. In particular, Bx and Sx will denote respectively the unit ball and the unit sphere of a Banach space X. We say that 11 11 depends locally on finitely many coordinates if for each x E Sx there exist an open neighbourhood 0 of x, a finite set {x, . ,Xk*} C X*, and a function f: Rk -+ R such that IIYII =f(X1*(y), . ,xk*(y)) fory EO. If (X, 11) is a normed space, the set B c Sx* is called a boundary of (X, * 11) if for each x E Sx there exists x* E B such that x*(x) = 1. Theorem 1. Let (X, 11 * 11) be a normed space. TFAE: (i) X admits an equivalent norm having a countable boundary. (ii) X admits an equivalent norm with a boundary B, such that there is a sequence {Kn}nEN of norm compact sets in X* satisfing B C UnEN KnX Received by the editors October 13, 1993 and, in revised form, June 15, 1994. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 46B03, 46B 10, 46B20. () 1995 American Mathematical Society
Effects of Psychiatric Disease Severity and Clinical Characteristics on Duration of High Violence Risk: A Perspective on Violence Prevention in the Psychiatric Ward

Objective Prevention, de-escalation, and management of violence in the acute psychiatric ward is essential. Few studies have focused on differences in the duration of high-violence risk between different profiles of high-violence risk. This study aimed to analyze the data of high-violence patients and duration of high-violence risk to provide a new perspective on violence prevention, de-escalation and management. Methods This retrospective observational cohort study included 171 patients who were treated in the acute psychiatric ward of Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between January 2016 and June 2020, and who were assessed daily as having high violence risk. All patient data were collected from electronic hospital records (eg, age, gender, diagnosis, violence history, self-harm history, and admission condition (involuntary admission, discharged against medical advice). Between-group differences in disease severity, use of antipsychotics and benzodiazepine, and duration of high violence risk were analyzed using regression analysis. Results Only patients’ age was significantly associated with duration of high-violence risk (P = 0.028), making it predictive of longer duration of high-violence risk. In patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder or bipolar disorder, higher severity was significantly associated with longer duration of high-violence risk (P = 0.007, P = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion Only age is a predictor of longer duration of violence risk in psychiatric patients, although higher severity is associated with higher violence risk. Study results may help management and healthcare staff better understand how quickly or slowly violence risk will decrease and may improve efficient use of healthcare resources and individualized patient-centered care.
Physiological and Psychological Stress of Microwave Radiation-Induced Cardiac Injury in Rats

Electromagnetic waves are widely used in both military and civilian fields, which could cause long-term and high-power exposure to certain populations and may pose a health hazard. The aim of this study was to simulate the long-term and high-power working environment of workers using special electromagnetic radiation occupations to clarify the radiation-induced stress response and cardiac damage and thus gain insights into the mechanisms of injuries caused by electromagnetic radiation. In this study, the combination of microwave and stress was an innovative point, aiming to broaden the research direction with regard to the effect and mechanism of cardiac injury caused by radiation. The myocardial structure was observed by optical and transmission electron microscope, mitochondrial function was detected by flow cytometry, oxidative-stress markers were detected by microplate reader, serum stress hormone was detected by radioimmunoassay, and heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed by multichannel-physiological recorder. The rats were weighed and subjected to an open field experiment. Western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence (IF) were used to detect the expressions and distributions of JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), p-JNK (phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase), HSF1 (heat shock factor), and NFATc4 (nuclear factor of activated T-cell 4). This study found that radiation could lead to the disorganization, fragmentation, and dissolution of myocardial fibers, severe mitochondrial cavitation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative-stress injury in myocardium, increase to stress hormone in serum, significant changes in HRV, and a slow gain in weight. The open field experiment indicated that the rats experienced anxiety and depression and had decreased exercise capacity after radiation. The expressions of JNK, p-JNK, HSF1, and NFATc4 in myocardial tissue were all increased. The above results suggested that 30 mW/cm2 of S-band microwave radiation for 35 min could cause both physiological and psychological stress damage in rats; the damage was related to the activation of the JNK pathway, which provided new ideas for research on protection from radiation.
Adaptive iteration learning control with iteration‐varying event‐triggered mechanism for discrete‐time nonlinear systems with random initial states

In this work, a novel adaptive event‐trigered iterative learning control (ILC) scheme is designed for discrete‐time nonlinear systems with time‐varying parameters and random initial states. The reference trajectory can be iteration‐invariant or iteration‐varying. The control input is updated when the event‐triggering condition is satisfied, which reduces the action time of controller and consequently the unnecessary waste of communication resource. An adaptive event‐triggering condition parameter is designed to improve the efficiency of the event generator. Moreover, the parameter updating law of adaptive iterative learning controller is designed based on the recursive least squares algorithm. With the proposed adaptive ILC with event‐triggered mechanism, the learning convergence along the iteration axis is guaranteed and communication burden is reduced. Finally, rigorous theoretical analysis under Lyapunov theory and illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.
Foreign direct investment, remittances, real exchange rate, imports, and economic growth in Ghana: An ARDL approach

Abstract The main objective of this quantitative study is to ascertain the effect of foreign direct investment, real exchange rate, remittances, and import on economic growth in Ghana. Secondary data on gross domestic product, foreign direct investment, real exchange rate, remittances, import, and gross capital formation from 1980 to 2018 were analyzed. The study employed Autoregressive Distributed Lag for the econometrics analysis. The study found that foreign direct investment, real exchange rate, remittances, import, and gross capital formation cointegrates with economic growth. The main findings are that foreign direct investment, real exchange rate, import, and remittances matter from growth perspective. Remittances have a positive and significant effect on economic growth in Ghana both for the short run and the long run. The study also revealed that foreign direct investment, real exchange rate, and imports have a negative and significant effect on the growth process of Ghana’s economy for both the short run and the long run. The study recommends that the Ministry of Finance, Ghana, financial analysts and other policy makers should undertake steps to reduce imports and attract more remittances inflows to attain long-run economic growth. In addition, the economy must concentrate on viable exchange rate policies such as undervaluation of currency to stimulate sustainable economic growth.
On Minimal Ideals in Some Banach Algebras Associated with a Locally Compact Group

Let G be a non‐compact, locally compact group. The minimal ideals of the group algebra L1(G), the measure algebra M(G), and other Banach algebras (usually larger than L1(G) and M(G)) such as the second dual, L1(G)**, of L1(G) with an Arens product, or LUC(G)* with an Arens‐type product, are studied in the paper. Using integrable representations, which exist on some semisimple Lie groups, it is seen that the minimal left ideals can be of infinite dimension, and that the compactness of G is not necessary for these ideals to exist in L1(G) and M(G). It is shown also that, although the coefficients of integrable representations are minimal idempotents in LUC(G)* and L1(G)** they do not generate minimal right ideals in these algebras, and that for a large class of groups, they do not generate minimal left ideals either.
Economic Valuation of Northern White-Breasted Hedgehog Conservation

The northern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus) is a charismatic insectivore mammal threatened by habitat loss, the use of biocides, and collisions with vehicles. We aimed at valorizing hedgehog conservation through the contingent valuation method for estimating the proportion and the amount of willingness to pay (WTP) and the effects of cognitions and sociodemographic characteristics on WTP. We collected data through interviews with 704 residents of four administrative regions of northern Greece. Binary logistic regression and Welsh–Poe interval regression were used for estimating the effects of predictors on the proportion and mean WTP, respectively. Most participants (58.2%) were WTP a mean of EUR 31.7 for hedgehog conservation, totaling EUR 21.9 million annually when projected to the population. Positive attitudes, mutualism wildlife orientations, intention to participate in hedgehog conservation actions, and participation in consumptive and non-consumptive wildlife-related recreational activities increased WTP. Highly educated females, with high income and a pet were more WTP than less educated males, with low income and without a pet. Findings provided necessary information to managers about the value of hedgehog conservation, the potential for raising required funds and the differences in WTP among and within public groups.
Binocular Structured Light 3-D Reconstruction System for Low-Light Underwater Environments: Design, Modeling, and Laser-Based Calibration

The 3-D perception of the low-light underwater environment has always been a major challenge, which greatly limits underwater operations. In this article, an underwater active vision measurement system based on binocular structured light is designed to achieve high-precision 3-D reconstruction. First, the fusion technology of binocular camera and laser addresses underwater optical attenuation and feature sparsity. Then, in order to avoid the huge inertia caused by the overall movement of the system, a laser scanner based on the mirror galvanometer is used to accomplish static scanning of the scene. Subsequently, considering the influence of multiple media, underwater refraction models, including the monocular imaging model, the binocular ranging model, and the binocular polar curve constraint model, are systematically proposed. What is more, the conventional checkerboard-based passive visual calibration method is ineffective for low-light waters. Therefore, a simple calibration block is designed, and a new multiobjective laser-based calibration algorithm based on laser geometric constraints is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the system is verified by analyzing the 3-D reconstruction results of underwater objects.
A STUDY OF A TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECT ON WIND IN THE ARCTIC

Abstract During strong wind conditions there is a pronounced topographic effect on the surface wind at the Arctic Station Barter Island, Alaska. The effect is attributable to the knob of the Brooks Range, which extends northward to the Arctic Coast in eastern Alaska and around which the air is forced to flow. It is shown that the behavior of the wind at Barter Island and along the coast to the west and east is largely explainable by substituting a simple physical model barrier for the knob of the Brooks Range and specifying the flow of air to be horizontal and irrotational. Through a number of not unreasonable assumptions and approximations it is shown that the equations of motion governing the flow of air over a rotating earth may, under certain conditions, be reduced to the irrotational approximation. The distribution of pressure around the simple barrier under irrotational flow is computed and shown to conform to the observed pressure patterns over northern Alaska during strong wind situations at Barte.
Correlation Attenuation Due to Measurement Error

Issues with correlation attenuation due to measurement error are well documented. More than a century ago, Spearman proposed a correction for attenuation. However, this correction has seen very little use since it can potentially inflate the true correlation beyond one. In addition, very little confidence interval (CI) research has been done for correction for attenuation. In the present study, the authors propose a bootstrap procedure for estimating the deattenuated correlation and corresponding CIs. The authors use Monte Carlo simulations to generate data under certain conditions and assess the performance of the bootstrapped deattenuated correlation. The authors investigate for bias and 95% CI coverage. Results indicate that the bootstrap deattenuated correlation provided adequate percentile CI coverage in all but three conditions. The bias-corrected and accelerated CI, however, provided adequate coverage under all simulation conditions.
When and Why Do Innovation Policies Change? A Performance Feedback Perspective

National innovation is important for driving a country’s long-term economic growth and identifying social problem solutions. However, while some countries maintain favorable policies for promoting innovation, some seem to fall behind. In addition, a country’s innovation policies may change over time. In this study, we examine when and why policy-makers change innovation policies. Specifically, we draw on performance feedback theory to theorize how aspirations for national innovation may affect a country’s innovation policies. Based on the data of member states of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), we find that when national innovation output is below the level of aspiration, policy-makers improve policies to attract private R&D investment (expand public R&D investment) if national private R&D investment (national public R&D investment) is also below the aspiration levels. However, the shortfalls in national private or public R&D investment alone do not motivate policy-makers to take any action. Such findings provide strong implications for policy-makers and innovators in both the private and public sectors.
Pleotropic Roles of Biosynthesized Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Morphological, Physiological and Molecular Aspects on Brassica napus

T HE AIM of this study was to determine how cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO 2 NPs) affect the growth and physiology of Brassica napus plants. CeO 2 NPs were biosynthesized using Aloe Vera extract and characterized using a UV-visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Zeta potential, and particle size (DLS) as well as transmission electron microscopy. Following foliar treatment with 250, 500, and 1000ppm of CeO 2 NPs, the growth, and metabolism of Brassica napus were evaluated. Exposure to 500ppm CeO 2 NPs significantly enhanced morphological characteristics, antioxidant enzymes, phenol content, tocopherol, and chlorophyll content as well as carotenoid levels in B. napus . Assessment of oxidative stress in B. napus leaves treated with 500 CeO 2 NPs showed high levels of super oxide anion radical (o 2 ·¯) and hydrogen peroxide and low content of MDA, as well as inhibition in the activity of Lipoxygenase enzyme. Histochemical staining of B. napus leaves using nitro blue tetrazolium confirms the role of spraying of 500ppm of CeO 2 NPs in the accumulation of oxidative molecules in leaves. Gene expression assay for SOD and MT highlighted the role of CeO 2 NPs in the regulation of stress-related genes in tested plants. The changes in ultrastructure of Brassica napus leaves treated or untreated with 500ppm of CeO 2 NPs for two weeks were examined using a transmission electron microscope.
Information Geometry of the Locally Most Powerful Test

The locally most powerful (LMP) test for weak signal detection is studied from a information-geometric perspective. In such a framework, the LMP test is identified as the norm of natural whitened gradient on the statistical manifold consisting of a family of parametric probability distributions, which indicates that the LMP test pursues the steepest learning directions from the null hypothesis to the empirical distribution of the observed data on the manifold. A concrete geometrical interpretation of the LMP test in the theory of information geometry is presented, which leads to an immediate extension of the LMP test to a vector valued parameter case. Example of multi-component sinusoidal signal detection under low SNR conditions confirms a practical importance of the extended test.
Daily Precipitation Modeling by Discrete Autoregressive Moving Average Processes

To account for the statistical dependence among the daily precipitation magnitudes and among the daily precipitation occurrence times, various models from the discrete autoregressive moving average (DARMA) family are constructed for and applied to the daily precipitation data in Indiana. The structure of the DARMA family is specified by the marginal distribution of independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) discrete random variables and by their random linear combination. A fundamental property of the DARMA family is that its correlation structure can be specified independently of its marginal density. The DARMA correlation structure remains invariant under transformation of the marginal density. This property is satisfied by the Indiana daily precipitation data, and it facilitates their modeling by the DARMA family of processes. It is shown that the Markov chain, a popular model for the daily precipitation sequences, is a specified model within DARMA family. The Indiana daily precipitation data is transformed into a multistate discrete precipitation sequence by discretizing the daily precipitation amount into a number of magnitude states. The stochastic process of the daily precipitation sequences is analyzed in terms of the locally stationary seasons defined within the paper. In each season the candidate DARMA models are identified in terms of the covariance function within the season. The parameter estimation of these candidate models is done by fitting their theoretical autocorrelation functions to their empirical counterparts, and the state probabilities are obtained through the multistate mean run lengths. The theoretical run-length distributions of the candidate models are derived for each of the precipitation magnitude states, including the dry state. The goodness-of-fit tests of the candidate models and the best model selection are based on the theoretical multistate run-length distributions of the daily precipitation data. Supplement (data, tables, calculations, etc.) is available with entire article on microfiche. Order from American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W. , Washington, DC 20009. Document W84-001; $2.50. Payment must accompany order.