Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LJMU Research Online

Executive functions and, in particular, Attentional (active) Working Memory (WM) have been associated with fluid intelligence. The association contrasts with the hypothesis that children with ADHD exhibit problems with WM tasks requiring controlled attention and may also have a good fluid intelligence. This paper examines whether children who are intelligent but present ADHD symptoms fail in attentional WM tasks. The latter result would be problematic for theories assuming the generality of a strict relationship between intelligence and WM. To study these issues, a battery of tests was administered to a group of 58 children who all displayed symptoms of ADHD. All children were between the age of 8 and 11 years, and were described by their teachers as smart. Children were compared to a control group matched for age, schooling, and gender. The battery included a test of fluid intelligence (Raven’s Coloured Matrices), and a series of visuospatial WM tasks. Results showed that children with ADHD were high in intelligence but significantly lower than the controls in WM tasks requiring high attentional control, whereas there was no difference in WM tasks requiring low attentional control. Furthermore, only high attentional control WM tasks were significantly related to Raven’s performance in the control group, whereas all WM tasks were similarly related in the ADHD group. It is concluded that performance in high attentional control WM tasks may be related to fluid intelligence, but also to a specific control component that is independent of intelligence and is poor in children with ADHD.
A PALEOECOLOGIC COMPARISON OF TWO EDRIOASTEROID (ECHINODERMATA) ENCRUSTED PAVEMENTS FROM THE UPPER ORDOVICIAN CORRYVILLE FORMATION OF FLORENCE, KENTUCKY AND THE MIAMITOWN SHALE OF SHARONVILLE, OHIO, U.S.A

ABSTRACT Occurrences of articulated, multi-element skeletons of edrioasteroids provide evidence of sudden burial and an opportunity for detailed paleoecologic analysis. This study examines two catastrophically buried communities of edrioasteroids from Florence, Kentucky and Sharonville, Ohio. In these two occurrences, the edrioasteroids Isorophus cincinnatiensis, Streptaster vorticellatus, and Carneyella pilea utilized brachiopod and mollusk shells as hard substrates for attachment. Age structure analysis for specimens of Isorophus cincinnatiensis on both pavements show right-skewed distributions that are attributed to high juvenile mortality. Thecae on the Florence pavement have slight bimodal preferential orientation, likely in response to current flow, whereas no preferential thecal orientation was noted for specimens on the Sharonville pavement. Spatial analysis of the Florence pavement indicates a clustered edrioasteroid distribution resulting from multiple edrioasteroids attached to single brachiopod shells. Edrioasteroid margin deformation, in response to inter- and intraspecific competition, provides evidence that edrioasteroids were unable to move once attached to the substrate. Spatial analysis for Isorophus cincinnatiensis on the Sharonville pavement shows few instances of multiple edrioasteroids attached to individual shells. Instead, this clustered distribution suggests enhanced encrustation in areas of enhanced survival (i.e., increased feeding opportunity). The high degree of thecal disarticulation on the Sharonville pavement suggests postmortem bloating and rupture.
Characterization and Investigation of Novel Benzodioxol Derivatives as Antidiabetic Agents: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study in an Animal Model

In this study, we synthesized benzodioxol carboxamide derivatives and investigated their antidiabetic potential. The synthesized compounds (Ia-Ic and IIa-IId) underwent characterization via HRMS, 1H-, 13CAPT-NMR, and MicroED. Their efficacy against α-amylase was assessed in vitro, while MTS assays were employed to gauge cytotoxicity across cancer and normal cell lines. Additionally, the antidiabetic impact of compound IIc was evaluated in vivo using a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice model. Notably, IIa and IIc displayed potent α-amylase inhibition (IC50 values of 0.85 and 0.68 µM, respectively) while exhibiting a negligible effect on the Hek293t normal cell line (IC50 > 150 µM), suggesting their safety. Compound IId demonstrated significant activity against four cancer cell lines (26–65 µM). In vivo experiments revealed that five doses of IIc substantially reduced mice blood glucose levels from 252.2 mg/dL to 173.8 mg/dL in contrast to the control group. The compelling in vitro anticancer efficacy of IIc and its safety for normal cells underscores the need for further in vivo assessment of this promising compound. This research highlights the potential of benzodioxol derivatives as candidates for the future development of synthetic antidiabetic drugs.
High-Temperature Constitutive Behavior of Electroplated Copper TGV Through Numerical Simulation

A reliable constitutive model for copper is important for simulating the thermomechanical behavior of copper through glass via (TGV) in the glass interposer. This study presents a time-hardening model for the electroplated copper TGV. The material constants of copper in this model are evaluated by optimizing the experimental and numerical simulation results. In the experiment, the in-plane displacement of the glass was measured using 2-D digital image correlation (DIC). The four material constants in the time hardening model (THM) were adjusted to ensure good agreement between the simulation results and the experimental results. This optimized THM can be applied to copper TGVs over a wide range of temperatures (25 °C–400 °C) and temperature ramp rates (4–50 °C/min).
Quantification of Damages and Classification of Flaws in Mono-Crystalline Photovoltaic Cells Through the Application of Vision Transformers

This work introduces new effective methodologies for the detection, analysis, and classification of diverse defects that may occur throughout the production process of photovoltaic panels. In this context, this work proposes a novel approach that combines Image Processing and Vision Transformers (ViT) to address this challenge. The results of this work comprise a light flaw-type classifier based on ViT, along with computational tools to calculate the length of cracks and the proportional damaged area caused by flaws without requiring the training of other models. The proposed ViT-μ model achieved high accuracy in flaw detection and classification for solar cells, with rates of nearly 98% and 94%, respectively; achieved with a mere one-hour training duration. Moreover, this study introduces a weakly supervised method of visualizing the detected defects within a solar cell, by using attention maps.
Determination of Hydraulic Conductivity Using a Tension Infiltrometer

A new procedure is presented for in situ determination of saturated and near-saturated hydraulic conductivity [Kfs and respectively] from a sequence of steady infiltration measurements made at several tensions on a single infiltration surface. The method applies to tension infiltration from either a surface disk or from within a ring inserted a small distance into the soil. The analysis employs a modification of Wooding's solution for infiltration from a shallow pond, combined with numerically determined shape factors that account for the interaction effects between flow geometry and soil properties. The method is found, via numerical simulations, to have an overall accuracy within about ±7%, regardless of whether the predicted function is flat with an indistinct air-entry value, steep with a distinct air-entry value, or very steep with no air-entry value. Some important practical features of the method are that it does not require measurement of the often-difficult square-root-of-time infiltration behavior, no special considerations are required regarding the thickness of the contact layer, it minimizes the effect of local spatial heterogeneity by using only one infiltration surface per set of measurements, it avoids the use of potentially unstable simultaneous-equations solution procedures, and it can be applied to tension infiltration from both disk and ring infiltrometers. View complete article To view this complete article, insert Disc 5 then click button8
Geohydrology and digital-simulation model of the Farrington aquifer in the northern coastal plain of New Jersey

From introduction: The purpose of this study is to simulate the hydrology of the Farrington aquifer using a computer-simulation model so that the effects of alternative withdrawal schemes can be evaluated quantitatively. The primary study area consists of the northern part of the New jersey Coastal Plain.This report discusses the geohydrology of the Farrington aquifer, the simulation model, and the effects of projected withdrawals from the Farrington aquifer.
Intensive training and reduced volume increases muscle FXYD1 expression and phosphorylation at rest and during exercise in athletes

24 The present study examined the effect of intensive training in combination with marked reduction in 25 training volume on FXYD1 expression and phosphorylation at rest and during exercise. Eight well- 26 trained cyclist replaced their regular training with speed-endurance training (10-12 x ~30-s sprints) 27 2-3 times per week and aerobic high-intensity training (4-5 x 3-4 min at 90-95% of peak aerobic 28 power output) 1-2 times per week for seven weeks and reduced the training volume by 70%. 29 Muscle biopsies were obtained before and during a repeated high-intensity exercise protocol and 30 protein expression and phosphorylation were determined by western blotting. Expression of 31 FXYD1 (30%), actin (40%), mTOR (12%), PLN (16%) and CaMKII γ/δ (25%) was higher 32 (P<0.05) after compared to before the training intervention. In addition, after the intervention non- 33 specific FXYD1 phosphorylation was higher (P<0.05) at rest and during exercise, mainly achieved 34 by an increased FXYD1 ser68 phosphorylation, compared to before the intervention. CaMKII 35 thr287 and eEF2 thr56 phosphorylation at rest and during exercise, overall PKCα/β thr638/641 and 36 mTOR ser2448 phosphorylation during repeated intense exercise as well as resting PLN thr17 37 phosphorylation were also higher (P<0.05) after compared to before the intervention period. Thus, a 38 period of high intensity training with reduced training volume increases expression and 39 phosphorylation levels of FXYD1, which may affect Na + /K + pump activity and muscle K + 40 homeostasis during intense exercise. Furthermore, higher expression of CaMKII and PLN as well as 41 increased phosphorylation of CaMKII thr287 may have improved intracellular Ca 2+ handling.
PREOPERATIVE ANXIETY AND STATE-TRAIT ANXIETY INVENTORY, SALIVARY ALPHA-AMYLASE, AND PHYSIOLOGIC MEASUREMENTS

Objectives: To evaluate the presence of anxiety in individuals in the immediate preoperative period by applying the short version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and measure the biomarker salivary alpha-amylase and physiologic parameters to verify the existence of an association between them and the effects of using psychotropic medications to control anxiety. Methods: Observational, analytical, and longitudinal study with 64 patients in their immediate preoperative period who would have elective mid-size surgeries. Anxiety was assessed by applying the short version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (short version) and measuring the biomarker salivary alpha-amylase and physiologic parameters (systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate) at two times: after admission of the patient to the infirmary and one hour before they were taken to the operating room. Results: there was a statistically significant difference between the results obtained at the two times for the Inventory and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.17), as well as salivary alpha-amylase and use of psychotropic medications (p = 0.002). Additionally, a correlation was found between the differences measured by means of the Inventory at the two times and age (p = 0.003). Conclusion: the patients had anxiety during the immediate preoperative period. Use of psychotropic drugs showed a direct relationship with decreased salivary alpha-amylase. The score in the short version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (short version) decreased as patient age increased.
ANARCHY, UNCERTAINTY, AND THE EMERGENCE OF PROPERTY RIGHTS

This paper investigates whether Lockean first claimer property rights should be expected to emerge in anarchy. Individuals behind a veil of uncertainty about their future wealth decide independently whether to commit to using fcrce. Neither the contractarian hypothesis that a thicker veil of uncertainty supports more co-operation nor Demsetz's hypothesis that well-defined property rights emerge as the value of the externality from not having private property increases is unambiguously implied by the model. Copyright 1993 Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
Object-oriented design

Introduction. 1. Improving Design. 2. Developing the Multi-Layer, Multi-Component Model. 3. Designing the Problem Domain Component. 4. Designing the Human Interaction Component. 5. Designing the Data Management Component. 6. Applying OOD with OOPLs (or less than an OOPL). 7. Applying OOD Criteria. 8. OOD and CASE. 9. Getting Started with OOD. Appendix A. OOA Strategy Summary Appendix B. OOD Strategy Summary. Appendix C. An Example: OOA to OOD to OOP. Bibliography.
Opening the methodological black box of research synthesis in language education: where are we now and where are we heading?

full discovery will be made, if the inquirer be competent, conduct his researches with knowledge of the discoveries alreadymade, andmake them his starting-point; but anyone who, casting aside and rejecting all these means, attempts to conduct research in any other way or after another fashion, and asserts that he has found out anything, is and has been, the victim of deception. – Hippocrates (460 BC-377 BC)
Further Results on Incremental Input-to-State Stability Based on Contraction-Metric Analysis

In this paper, we study the notion of incremental stability for continuous-time nonlinear systems forced by some external input. Thanks to the notion of “Killing vector field”, we provide a set of sufficient conditions based on a metric analysis for an input-affine system to be incrementally input-to-state stable (δISS) and show that this also implies that its lifted system is transversally ISS. We conclude by providing a design achieving incremental ISS properties for the closed-loop system by means of a state-feedback control law that possesses an infinite gain margin property.
Geologic map of Big Bend National Park, Texas

By Kenzie J. Turner, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, Margaret E. Berry, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, William R. Page, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, Thomas M. Lehman, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas Robert G. Bohannon, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, Robert B. Scott, U.S. Geological Survey, Corvallis, Oregon, Daniel P. Miggins, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, James R. Budahn, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, Roger W. Cooper, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas, Benjamin J. Drenth, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, Eric D. Anderson, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado and Van S. Williams U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado.
ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst

The simultaneous development of technology (e.g. camera traps) and statistical methods, particularly spatially capture–recapture (SCR), has improved monitoring of large mammals in recent years. SCR estimates are known to be sensitive to sampling design, yet existing recommendations about trap spacing and coverage are often not achieved, particularly for sampling wide-ranging and rare species in landscapes that allow for limited accessibility. Consequently, most camera trap studies on large wide-ranging carnivores relies on convenience or judgmental sampling, and often yields compromised results. This study attempts to highlight the importance of carefully considered sampling design for large carnivores that, because of low densities and elusive behavior, are challenging to monitor. As a motivating example, we use two years of snow leopard camera trapping data from the same areas in the high mountains of Pakistan but with vastly different camera configurations, to demonstrate that estimates of density and space use are indeed sensitive to the trapping array. A compact design, one in which cameras were placed much closer together than generally recommended and therefore have lower spatial coverage, resulted in fewer individuals observed, but more recaptures, and estimates of density and space use were inconsistent with expectations for the region. In contrast, a diffuse design, one with larger spacing and spatial coverage and more consistent with general recommendations, detected more individuals, had fewer recaptures, but generated estimates of density and space use that were in line with expectations. Researchers often opt for compact camera configurations while monitoring wide-ranging and rare species, in an attempt to maximize the encounter probabilities. We empirically demonstrate the potential for biases when sampling a small area approximately the size of a single home range—this arises from exposing fewer individuals than deemed sufficient for estimation. The smaller trapping array may also underestimate density by
A "Local Climate Zone" based approach to urban planning in Colombo, Sri Lanka

Integrating climate ‐ sensitive design with the local planning process is fundamental to managing the warming trend in the growing high ‐ density tropical cities. However, the current planning regime is yet to address the challenges posed by local, regional and global warming. An in ‐ depth understanding of the interaction between the physical form and the climatic context is beginning to emerge but, data needs and methods of analysis remain problematic at present to translate this into practical planning applications. In this paper, we showcase a simpler method of contextual analysis using the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) system and draw lessons for climate ‐ sensitive planning in warm humid Colombo, Sri Lanka and other data ‐ poor developing cities.
Pleistocene deglaciation and the Earth's rotation: implications for mantle viscosity

Summary. Recent results from the analysis of postglacial rebound data suggest that the viscosity of the Earth's mantle increases through the transition region. Models which fit both relative sea-level and free air gravity data have viscosities which increase from a value near 1022 poise in the upper mantle beneath the lithosphere to a value of about 1023 poise in the lower mantle. In this paper we analyse the effect of deglaciation upon the Earth's rotation and thereby show that the observed secular trend (polar wander) evident in the ILS—IPMS pole path, and measurements of the non-tidal acceleration of the length of day, are both consistent with the viscosity profile deduced from postglacial rebound. The two analyses are therefore mutually reinforcing.
Oncology drug health technology assessment recommendations: Canadian versus UK experiences

Background: Canada has two health technology assessment (HTA) agencies responsible for oncology drug funding recommendations: the Institut National d’Excellence en Santé et Services Sociaux (INESSS) for the province of Québec and the pan-Canadian Oncology Drug Review for the rest of Canada. The objective of the research was to review and compare the recommendations of these two agencies alongside an international comparator – the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the United Kingdom – with respect to their recommendations records and the influence of clinical and cost-effectiveness evidence on the recommendations. Methods: Recommendations were identified from the three agencies from January 1, 2002 to June 1, 2013. Recommendations were limited to five cancer sites (lung, breast, colon, kidney, blood) and to metastatic/advanced settings. Descriptive analyses examined the frequency of positive recommendations and factors related to a positive recommendation. For each recommendation, only publicly available information posted on the agency website was used to abstract data. Results: There was a wide variation in the rate of positive recommendations, ranging from 48% for NICE to 95% for Canada’s national process (among the 74% of its recommendations that were publicly posted). Interagency agreement was low, with full agreement for only six of the 14 drugs commonly reviewed by all three agencies. Evidence of a survival gain was not necessary for a positive recommendation; progression-free survival was acceptable. Different approaches were taken when addressing unacceptable cost-effectiveness. NICE was most likely to yield a negative recommendation on these grounds, whereas Canada’s national process was most likely to yield a positive recommendation with a required pricing arrangement. Conclusion: In this analysis, the primary reason for the observed divergence between agency recommendations appeared to be the availability of mechanisms in each jurisdiction to address cost-effectiveness subsequent to the HTA assessment process. Furthermore, caution is needed when interpreting cross-agency comparisons between HTA agencies, as recommendations may not correspond directly to subsequent funding decisions and actual patient access. This may be a concern, given the high international profile of assessments conducted by the reviewed HTA agencies.
Theorizing Intercultural Adaptation from the Perspective of Theorizing Intercultural Adaptation from the Perspective of Boundary Game Boundary Game

: The impact of globalization on human society strongly demands a constructive process of intercultural adaptation and a more systematic study of the concept. In order to tackle the problem of conceptual ambiguity in the existing literature, this analytical paper attempts to lay down the conceptual foundation by theorizing intercultural adaptation as a boundary game after a brief review of the previous literature. Intercultural adaptation as a boundary game is further supported by the argument that the boundary game of intercultural adaptation must be treated as totality. The author then advocates “boundary wisdom” as the key to the success of achieving the goal of intercultural adaptation. It is hoped that the analysis in this paper can provide a basic guideline for further research on the subject of intercultural adaptation and for further employing the idea of boundary game to theorize the study of intercultural communication. [China Media Research. 2013; 9(1): 1-10]
Volcanic tremor at Ruapehu: Characteristics and implications for the resonant source

Abstract Many volcanoes produce volcanic tremor with consistent sharp peaks, which suggests that one or more resonators have been excited by a volcanic process. Such “harmonic” tremor can be classified as single‐resonator or multiple‐resonator. Multiple‐resonator tremor has a number of peaks, not harmonically related, and the relative energy in the peaks varies rapidly with time. Single‐resonator tremor, as observed on Ruapehu, has a few sharp peaks in the spectrum, and the tremor signal shows some coherence. The main tremor observed on Ruapehu has a dominant frequency of c. 1.8–2.3 Hz, with very little second harmonic energy. Recordings within 1 km of Ruapehu Crater Lake sometimes show a strong third harmonic, but this is rapidly attenuated at greater distances. “Gliding” frequency changes are rarely seen. Tremor of c. 3 Hz also occurs, and this appears to come from another source, the intensity of which is independent of the main source. “2 Hz” Ruapehu tremor recorded near the source shows a complex par.