Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Untold Stories: Women’s Resilience and Climate Change Adaptation in Bangladesh

Climate change is now an issue of critical concern throughout the world. In 2014, the Fifth Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change proclaimed that the 21st century will pose some of the most acute challenges due to the accelerating impacts of climate change. Bangladesh, a South Asian developing country, is considered the sixth most vulnerable nation in the world due to its geographical settings (GCRI, 2015). The country faces extreme climatic events including sea level rise, salt water intrusion into arable lands, and the increased risk of severe storms, cyclones, floods, flash floods and drought in coming decades (IPCC, 2014; BCCSAP, 2009). The nexus between poverty and climate change is also a major concern, especially in a country like Bangladesh where lack of resources is a significant problem in both rural and urban areas. Therefore, climate vulnerability in Bangladesh is strongly associated with poverty, which in turn shapes its adaptation capacity. Climate change affects a wide range of communities in Bangladesh such as peoplew living in coastal zones, drought prone areas, settlers on unstable slopes and climate refugees in urban slums. However, among those affected, women are more vulnerable than men to climate change impacts, as is evident from the history of climate-induced disasters in the country. In Bangladesh, climate change increases women’s socio-economic vulnerabilities by directly impacting on their families’ food security, water consumption and traditional livelihood. According to Jahan (2008), any type of environmental degradation causes more suffering to women because their family’s survival, for which they are responsible, depends directly on the natural resource base. In the quest for a new livelihood, men migrate while women are often left behind to support their families and households. Thus women have had to develop a wide range of coping and resilience strategies in order to survive climate change impacts, and they have developed strategies and knowledge that can be particularly useful in establishing successful climate adaptation programs.
The Impact of Transformed Features in Automating the Swahili Document Classification

paper describes experimental results in an attempt to identify the Transformation techniques which can be adopted to improve features for the automation of classification of Swahili documents. This means improving classification rate by enhancing separability and accuracy. The experiment involved Relative Frequency (RF), Power transformation (PT) and Relative Frequency with Power transformation (RFPT). The Term weighting with TFIDF and the absolute features (AF) were also studied. The features' dimension reduction was done by using the statistical techniques of Principal Component Analysis. In learning algorithm, the Support vector machine for classification and the k-NN were used, and in evaluating the effect of features' performance with the classifiers the micro averaged f-measure were adopted. The extensive experimental results demonstrated that the RFPT features worked better with the Support Vector Machine classifiers unlike k-NN in improving the classification rate by enhancing document separability and accuracy in Automation of Swahili document classification.
Using Candidate Hashing and Transaction Trimming in Distributed Frequent Itemset Mining

Frequent itemset mining is one of the most popular data mining tasks which has wide application areas and is redefined in distributed environment. Computation and communication are two important factors in distributed frequent itemset mining. In this paper two techniques have been exploited to reduce communication and improve the running time in a distributed environment. These techniques were proposed previously for centralized setting and here they are adopted in the FDM algorithm as one of the well-known distributed association rules mining algorithm. The proposed algorithm uses Trie data structure for better performance. Experimental evaluations on different sort of distributed data show the effect of using these adopted techniques.
Document image skew detection and correction method based on extreme points

In this paper we present a method for estimating the document image skew angle. The main idea of this method is based on the concept that any document image has objects with rectangular shape such as paragraphs, text lines, tables and figures. These objects can be bounded by rectangles. We use the extreme point's properties to obtain the corners of the rectangle which fits the largest connected component of the document image. The angle of this rectangle represents the angle of document skew. The experimental results show the high performance of the algorithm in detecting the angle of skew for a variety of documents with different levels of complexity.
Cocaine-induced c-fos messenger RNA is inversely related to dynorphin expression in striatum

The effects of the indirect dopamine receptor agonist cocaine in the striatum on levels of mRNAs of the immediate-early gene c-fos and the neuropeptides dynorphin, substance P, and enkephalin were analyzed with quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry. Both single (acute) and repeated (twice a day for 4 d) systemic injections of cocaine (3.75– 30 mg/kg) to rats resulted in dose-dependent, regionally specific elevations of mRNA expression in striatal neurons. A single drug treatment elevated c-fos mRNA expression, whereas repeated treatments resulted in little c-fos expression but elevated dynorphin mRNA levels. Both the regional and temporal patterns of gene expression revealed an inverse relationship between dynorphin and c-fos expression. This relationship was examined in a time course experiment in which cocaine (30 mg/kg) was administered for 1, 2, 3 or 4 d. Basal levels of dynorphin expression were relatively high in the ventral striatum, including the nucleus accumbens, a ventrolateral region, and an area along the medial bank of the striatum. A single injection of cocaine induced c-fos mRNA in striatal areas with low basal expression of dynorphin. Thus, c-fos mRNA induction was highest in the dorsal central striatum, where basal dynorphin mRNA levels were lowest. In this region, dynorphin mRNA expression increased on subsequent treatment days parallel to diminished c-fos mRNA induction. Changes in substance P. mRNA levels appeared to match directly both the temporal and regional patterns of c-fos induction. Enkephalin mRNA expression was altered, but only slightly, by these cocaine treatments. Statistical analysis of the regional patterns of basal and altered mRNA levels shows a unique inverse relationship between basal dynorphin expression and c-fos induction by cocaine. Further evidence of this relationship is provided by the dose-dependent blockade of cocaine-induced c-fos expression by spiradoline, a dynorphin agonist. Together, these results suggest that the restricted regional pattern of cocaine-induced c-fos expression is related, in part, to the basal level of dynorphin expression, and that cocaine treatment elevates dynorphin expression in striatal regions with a strong c-fos response, thereby limiting subsequent c-fos induction by cocaine. These findings lead to the hypothesis that dynorphin acts to regulate the responsiveness of striatal neurons to dopamine stimulation.
OCB: a block-cipher mode of operation for efficient authenticated encryption

We describe a parallelizable block-cipher mode of operation that simultaneously provides privacy and authenticity. OCB encrypts-and-authenticates a nonempty string M ε {0,1}• using \lceil |M|/n\rceil + 2 block-cipher invocations, where n is the block length of the underlying block cipher. Additional overhead is small. OCB refines a scheme, IAPM, suggested by Charanjit Jutla. Desirable properties of OCB include: the ability to encrypt a bit string of arbitrary length into a ciphertext of minimal length; cheap offset calculations; cheap session setup; a single underlying cryptographic key; no extended-precision addition; a nearly optimal number of block-cipher calls; and no requirement for a random IV. We prove OCB secure, quantifying the adversary's ability to violate the mode's privacy or authenticity in terms of the quality of its block cipher as a pseudorandom permutation (PRP) or as a strong PRP, respectively.
On Using Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation for IR Measures , and the Empirical Optimality of LambdaRank

One shortfall of existing machine learning (ML) methods when applied to information retrieval (IR) is the inability to directly optimize for typical IR performance measures. This is in part due to the discrete nature, and thus non-differentiability, of these measures. When cast as an optimization problem, many methods require computing the gradient. In this paper, we explore conditions where the gradient might be numerically estimated. We use Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation as our gradient approximation method. We also examine the empirical optimality of LambdaRank, which has performed very well in practice.
Heterogeneity of 18F‐FDG PET combined with expression of EGFR may improve the prognostic stratification of advanced oropharyngeal carcinoma

The Ang's risk profile (based on p16, smoking and cancer stage) is a well‐known prognostic factor in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Whether heterogeneity in 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomographic (PET) images and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression could provide additional information on clinical outcomes in advanced‐stage OPSCC was investigated. Patients with stage III–IV OPSCC who completed primary therapy were eligible. Zone‐size nonuniformity (ZSNU) extracted from pretreatment FDG PET scans was used as an index of image heterogeneity. EGFR and p16 expression were examined by immunohistochemistry. Disease‐specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) served as outcome measures. Kaplan–Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for survival analysis. A bootstrap resampling technique was applied to investigate the stability of outcomes. Finally, a recursive partitioning analysis (RPA)‐based model was constructed. A total of 113 patients were included, of which 28 were p16‐positive. Multivariate analysis identified the Ang's profile, EGFR and ZSNU as independent predictors of both DSS and OS. Using RPA, the three risk factors were used to devise a prognostic scoring system that successfully predicted DSS in both p16‐positive and ‐negative cases. The c‐statistic of the prognostic index for DSS was 0.81, a value which was significantly superior to both AJCC stage (0.60) and the Ang's risk profile (0.68). In patients showing an Ang's high‐risk profile (N = 77), the use of our scoring system clearly identified three distinct prognostic subgroups. It was concluded that a novel index may improve the prognostic stratification of patients with advanced‐stage OPSCC.
On the Capture of Tumbling Satellite by a Space Robot

This paper deals with problems related to the capture of a tumbling satellite by a space robot. The minimization of the base attitude deviation before and after the contact with the target is discussed from the viewpoint of angular momentum distribution. By using the bias momentum approach during the approaching phase, impedance control during the impact, and distributed momentum control during the post-impact phase, we propose a possible control sequence for the successful completion of a capturing operation
ATTEND: Toward a Mindfulness-Based Bereavement Care Model

Few, if any, mindfulness-based bereavement care models exist. The ATTEND (attunement, trust, touch, egalitarianism, nuance, and death education) model is an interdisciplinary paradigm for providers, including physicians, social workers, therapists, nursing staff, and others. Using a case example to enhance the breadth and depth of understanding, this article focuses on attunement as a means to moderate the negative effects of traumatic bereavement, support the framework for posttraumatic growth in the bereaved, improve psychological outcomes for providers, and set the stage for the other aspects of the ATTEND model.
Absolute Quantification and Differential Expression of Drug Transporters, Cytochrome P450 Enzymes, and UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases in Cultured Primary Human Hepatocytes

The levels of metabolizing enzymes and transporters expressed in hepatocytes are decisive factors for hepatobiliary disposition of most drugs. Induction via nuclear receptor activation can significantly alter those levels, with the coregulation of multiple enzymes and transporters occurring to different extents. Here, we report the use of a targeted liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for concurrent quantification of multiple cytochrome P450 (P450), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), and transporter proteins in cultured primary human hepatocytes. The effects of culture format (i.e., sandwich culture versus conventional culture) and of dexamethasone (DEX) media concentrations on mRNA, protein, and activity levels were determined for three donors, and protein expression was compared with that in liver. In general, P450 and UGT expression was lower in hepatocyte cultures than that in liver, and CYP2C9 was found to be the most abundant P450 isoform expressed in cultured hepatocytes. The sandwich culture format and 0.1 μM DEX in media retained the protein expression in the hepatocytes closest to the levels found in liver. However, higher in vitro expression was observed for drug transporters, especially for multidrug resistance protein 1 and breast cancer resistance protein. Direct protein quantification was applied successfully to study in vitro induction in sandwich cultured primary hepatocytes in a 24-well format using the prototypical inducers rifampicin, omeprazole, and phenobarbital. We conclude that targeted absolute LC-MS/MS quantification of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters can broaden the scope and significantly increase the impact of in vitro drug metabolism studies, such as induction, as an important supplement or future alternative to mRNA and activity data.
ANALYSIS OF ANTIHYPERTENSION THERAPY IN HYPERTENSION BPJS PATIENTS IN PURBALINGGA DISTRICT

Hypertension is a problem in the world because hypertension is one of the entry points for other disease risk factors. According to basic health research data (Rikesdar, 2018) the incidence of hypertension cases is 34.1%. According to the Purbalingga Health Office, the number of cases of hypertension in 2017 was 1,252 cases (14.26%) of 144,633 people aged 18 who had high blood pressure measured at the puskesmas and its network. Each antihypertensive drug will always show a different effect on blood pressure patient. This research was conducted to find out the therapeutic profile of single and combination drugs, to compare the effectiveness of reducing blood pressure and the relationship between reducing blood pressure and research factors. This research is a descriptive study by looking at the patient's blood pressure profile in medical records for 4 consecutive months in hypertensive patients in Purbalingga. Data were tested using the Kruskall-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney and also the Cross tab test. The results showed that out of 108 patients, 75 patients (69.4%) received single therapy consisting of the Chalcium Chanel Blocker (CCB) group of 72 patients (96%) and the Angiotensin-Converting Enzym Inhibitor (ACEI) group of 3 patients ( 4%) . Combination therapy in 8 patients (7.46%) with CCB + ACEI as the treatment group, then 25 patients (23.14%) received therapy that changed groups. Compliance in patients receiving CCB therapy, out of 72 patients who routinely took drugs, 60 patients (83.3%), 45 patients (62.5%) went on a diet, and 20 patients (27.8%) complained of symptoms. The effectiveness of CCB group therapy was able to reduce BP according to the target in 39 patients (54.1%). The combination of CCB +ACEI was able to reduce BP according to the target in 4 patients (50%).
Towards Situated, Interactive, Instructable Agents in a Cognitive Architecture

This paper discusses the challenge of designing in-structable agents that can learn through interaction with a human expert. Learning through instruction is a powerful paradigm for acquiring knowledge because it limits the complexity of the learning task in a variety of ways. To support learning through instruction, the agent must be able to effectively communicate its lack of knowledge to the human, comprehend instructions, and apply them to the ongoing task. We identify some problems of concern when designing instructable agents. We propose an agent design that addresses some of these problems. We instantiate this design in the Soar cogni-tive architecture and analyze its capabilities on a learning task.
Does resistant starch have an effect on intestinal modulation? An integrative review

Starch is a polysaccharide that is abundant in nature, composed of amylose and amylopectin. Resistant starch (RS) is a form that reaches the large intestine without complete digestion. By fermenting in the colon, RS provides carbon and energy to anaerobic bacteria, altering the microbiota and its metabolic activities. The gut microbiota influences physiological functions and human health. Resistant starch, similar to dietary fiber, increases short-chain fatty acids, triggering beneficial effects and modulating gut flora. However, in this integrative review, an overview of recent studies investigating the effect of resistant starch on intestinal modulation will be provided, with the following guiding question: Does resistant starch have a beneficial effect on the modulation of intestinal microbiota? The studies available in Portuguese and English, in the PubMed, Virtual Health Library (BVS) databases, were searched using an advanced search. The articles have shown that formulations containing resistant starch have a positive impact on intestinal modulation and the prevention or therapy of certain metabolic diseases. However, more insights are needed regarding resistant starch, in order to know which type of resistant starch and from which plant matrix has the best effect on health.
Basic mechanisms of hemostasis.

The marked, prolonged, more generalized vasoconstriction Profilbrinolysim (plasminogen, tryptogen, prolysin, lytic factor, etc.) found in plasma and serum is activated to fibrinolysin (plasmin, tryptase, tissue lysin, etc.) by a flbrino-lysokhiase (found in tissues, especially lung and uterus). The action of the kinase is probably inhibited or antagonized by inhibitors present in plasma and serum (anti-flbrinolysokintases). The active fibrinolysin is antagonized and inhibited by antiflbrinoly- sin (antiplasmin), also found in plasma and serum. Alternatively, a proteolytic enzyme (similar to, but not identical with fibrinolysin) of prostatic origin may also lyse fibrin clots (disseminated prostatic carcinoma). Moreover, other proteolytic enzymes may also be present in human I)lasIlI as inert precursors and be occasionally activated by similar mechanisms.
EXPANDING THE BOUNDARIES OF JURISPRUDENCE IN THE ERA OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS

In the current era of advanced technology, the convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data presents intricate challenges in the technical and doctrinal aspects of law and the fundamental principles of jurisprudence. Addressing this challenge entails three potential approaches: reevaluating the independent status of specific foundational categories, reconfiguring the interpretation of such categories, or steadfastly defending and enhancing our understanding of specific classifications. The reconstruction of the essential concept of "law" remains uncertain and necessitates further deliberation. Although the new technological era has not introduced entirely novel jurisprudential dilemmas, it has reconsidered existing perspectives. Swiftly and effectively responding to these challenges becomes paramount in seizing fresh opportunities for the independent advancement of Chinese jurisprudence. The purpose of the study is to push the boundaries of jurisprudence by exploring and addressing legal issues arising in the era of technological advancements. The qualitative research methodology has been applied in this article.
Ensembles of Spiking Neurons with Noise Support Optimal Probabilistic Inference in a Dynamically Changing Environment

It has recently been shown that networks of spiking neurons with noise can emulate simple forms of probabilistic inference through “neural sampling”, i.e., by treating spikes as samples from a probability distribution of network states that is encoded in the network. Deficiencies of the existing model are its reliance on single neurons for sampling from each random variable, and the resulting limitation in representing quickly varying probabilistic information. We show that both deficiencies can be overcome by moving to a biologically more realistic encoding of each salient random variable through the stochastic firing activity of an ensemble of neurons. The resulting model demonstrates that networks of spiking neurons with noise can easily track and carry out basic computational operations on rapidly varying probability distributions, such as the odds of getting rewarded for a specific behavior. We demonstrate the viability of this new approach towards neural coding and computation, which makes use of the inherent parallelism of generic neural circuits, by showing that this model can explain experimentally observed firing activity of cortical neurons for a variety of tasks that require rapid temporal integration of sensory information.
EFFECTS OF DIETARY OF ROSELLA (Hibiscus sabdariffa) SUPPLEMENTATION ON WHITE LEG SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) AGAINST ACUTE HEPATOPANCREATIC DISEASES CAUSED BY Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá hiệu quả của chất chiết lá giấm (Hibiscus sabdariffa) bổ sung trong khẩu phần ăn lên tỉ lệ sống và mật độ của vi khuẩn Vibrio spp. trên gan tụy tôm thẻ chân trắng (Litopenaeus vannamei) trọng lượng từ 10 - 12 gram cảm nhiễm với vi khuẩn Vibrio parahaemolyticus gây bệnh hoại tử gan tụy cấp tính. Tôm được cho ăn với thức ăn bổ sung chất chiết lá giấm ở các nồng độ 1; 1,5; 2% trong 30 ngày, sau đó cảm nhiễm với vi khuẩn V. parahaemolyticus và tiếp tục quan sát trong 14 ngày. Mỗi nghiệm thức được bố trí lặp lại 3 lần. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy bổ sung chất chiết lá giấm có khả năng cải thiện tỉ lệ sống và ức chế sự phát triển vi khuẩn Vibrio spp. trên gan tụy tôm, khác biệt có ý nghĩa (p<0,05) so với nghiệm thức đối chứng. Thông qua phân tích mô bệnh học gan tụy tôm chứng tỏ chất chiết lá giấm còn giúp làm giảm những ảnh hưởng của bệnh hoại tử gan tụy cấp tính lên cấu trúc gan tụy của tôm thẻ chân trắng. Nghiên cứu đã chứng minh tiềm năng của việc sử dụng chất chiết lá giấm trong nâng cao khả năng đề kháng AHPND trên tôm thẻ chân trắng.
The CHAMPION software project

A visit to hospital is traumatic for both a patient with disabilities and their family members, especially when the patient has no or limited functional speech [1]. For adults with Severe Speech and Physical Impairments (SSPI) being hospitalized presents particular challenges as hospital staff are often unaware of how the adult with SSPI communicates and what their basic care needs are. The CHAMPION project aimed to develop a piece of software which would allow an adult with SSPI to input multimedia information on their care needs and on the "person behind the patient". It was hoped that the system could be used by the person with SSPI as independently as possible. The aim would then be for the information to be accessed in hospital. The first stage of the process has now been completed with the input and output software developed using User Centred Design techniques. What is now required is an investigation into the efficacy of the software in the real life hospital setting.