Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Childhood adversity in schizophrenia: a systematic meta-analysis

Background Childhood adversity is a putative risk factor for schizophrenia, although evidence supporting this suggestion is inconsistent and controversial. The aim of this review was to pool and quality assess the current evidence pertaining to childhood adversity in people with schizophrenia compared to other psychiatric disorders and to non-psychiatric controls. Method Included were case-control, cohort and cross-sectional studies. Medline, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases were searched. Study reporting was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist and pooled evidence quality was assessed by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results Twenty-five studies met inclusion criteria. Moderate to high quality evidence suggests increased rates of childhood adversity in schizophrenia compared to controls [odds ratio (OR) 3.60, p < 0.00001]. Increased childhood adversity was also reported in schizophrenia compared to anxiety disorders (OR 2.54, p = 0.007), although the effect was not significant in the subgroup analysis of five studies assessing only sexual abuse. No differences in rates of childhood adversity were found between schizophrenia and affective psychosis, depression and personality disorders whereas decreased rates of childhood adversity were found in schizophrenia relative to dissociative disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder (OR 0.03, p < 0.0001). Conclusions This is the first meta-analysis to report a medium to large effect of childhood adversity in people with schizophrenia and to assess specificity for schizophrenia. Further research is required that incorporates longitudinal design and other potentially causal variables to assess additive and/or interactive effects.
Vector competence of South African Culicoides species for bluetongue virus serotype 1 (BTV‐1) with special reference to the effect of temperature on the rate of virus replication in C. imicola and C. bolitinos

Abstract. The oral susceptibility of 22 South African livestock associated Culicoides species to infection with bluetongue virus serotype 1 (BTV‐1) and its replication rate in C. imicola Kieffer and C. bolitinos Meiswinkel (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) over a range of different incubation periods and temperatures are reported. Field‐collected Culicoides were fed on sheep blood containing 7.5 log10TCID50/mL of BTV‐1, and then held at constant different temperatures. Virus replication was measured over time by assaying individual flies in BHK‐21 cells using a microtitration procedure. Regardless of the incubation temperatures (10, 15, 18, 23.5 and 30°C) the mean virus titre/midge, infection rates (IR) and the proportion of infected females with transmission potential (TP = virus titre/midge ≥ 3 log10 TCID50) were found to be significantly higher in C. bolitinos than in C. imicola. Results from days 4–10 post‐infection (dpi), at 15–30°C, shows that the mean IR and TP values in C. bolitinos ranged from 36.7 to 87.8%, and from 8.4 to 87.7%, respectively; in C. imicola the respective values were 11.0–13.7% and 0–46.8%. In both species the highest IR was recorded at 25°C and the highest TP at 30°C. The time required for the development of TP in C. bolitinos ranged from 2 dpi at 25°C to 8 dpi at 15°C. In C. imicola it ranged from 4 dpi at 30°C to 10 dpi at 23.5°C; no individuals with TP were detected at 15°C. There was no evidence of virus replication in flies held at 10°C. When, at various points of incubation, individual flies were transferred from 10°C to 23.5°C and then assayed 4–10 days later, virus was recovered from both species. The mean virus titres/midge, and proportion of individuals with TP and IR, were again significantly higher in C. bolitinos than in C. imicola. Also the infection prevalence in C. magnus Colaço was higher than in C. imicola. Low infection prevalences were found in C. bedfordi Ingram & Macfie, C. leucostictus Kieffer, C. pycnostictus Ingram & Macfie, C. gulbenkiani Caeiro and C. milnei Austen. BTV‐1 was not detected in 14 other Culicoides species tested; however, some of these were tested in limited numbers. The present study indicates a multivector potential for BTV transmission in South Africa. In C. imicola and C. bolitinos the replication rates are distinct and are significantly influenced by temperature. These findings are discussed in relation to the epidemiology of bluetongue in South Africa.
The impact of childhood mortality on Fertility in six rural Thanas of Bangladesh

In this article, we examine the relationship between child mortality and subsequent fertility using prospective longitudinal data on births and childhood deaths occurring to nearly 8,000 Bangladeshi mothers observed over the 1982–1993 period, a time of rapid fertility decline. Generalized hazard-regression analyses are employed to assess the effect of infant and child mortality on the hazard of conception, with controls for birth order and maternal age and educational attainment. Results show that childhood mortality reduces the time to subsequent conception if the death occurs within a given interval, representing the combined effect of biological and volitional replacement. The time to conception is also reduced if a childhood death occurs during a prior birth interval, a finding that signifies an effect of volitional replacement of the child that died. Moreover, mortality effects in prior birth intervals are consistent with hypothesized insurance (or hoarding) effects. Interaction of replacement with elapsed time suggests that the volitional impact of child mortality increases as the demographic transition progresses. This volitional effect interacts with sex of index child. Investigation of higher-order interactions suggests that this gender-replacement effect has not changed over time.
Efficient Demosaicing Through Recursive Filtering

We present a computationally efficient demosaicing algorithm based on a luminance-chrominance model of the color filter array (CFA) image. We show that the chrominance information can be estimated using simple low-pass filtering. This algorithm allows us to use separable recursive filters, which are particularly adapted for real-time processing. Moreover, while most of demosaicing algorithms are specific to a particular CFA (usually the popular Bayer CFA), our method can be applied to any CFA. We present a linear version of the algorithm and an adaptive extension.
Bacillus subtilis RecO Nucleates RecA onto SsbA-coated Single-stranded DNA*

Subsaturating amounts of Bacillus subtilis SsbA, independently of the order of addition, partially inhibit the single-stranded DNA-dependent dATPase activity of RecA. This negative effect is fully overcome when a substoichiometric amount of RecO is added. SsbA added prior to RecA does not stimulate the dATP-dependent DNA strand exchange activity; however, added after RecA it enhances the extent of strand exchange. The addition of RecO stimulates RecA-mediated joint molecule formation, although it limits the accumulation of final recombination products. Thus we suggest that RecO has a dual activity: RecO acts as a RecA mediator enabling RecA to utilize SsbA-coated single-stranded DNA as a polymerization substrate and controls RecA-mediated DNA strand exchange by limiting its extent. We herein discuss the possible mechanisms of RecO involvement in the regulation of double strand break repair and genetic transformation.
Heterogeneous Mesh Router with Mesh Connectivity Layer on IXP425

In this paper, we propose an efficient design of a heterogeneous mesh router, using network processors. Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) is a multi-hop wireless network, comprising two kinds of nodes-mesh routers and mesh clients. Microsoft Research has developed Mesh Connectivity Layer (MCL) for computers that use Windows operating systems. In MCL routing is done using a protocol called Link Quality Source Routing (LQSR), which is a Microsoft adaptation of the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol. LQSR is optimized for mesh scenarios. We propose an efficient method to increase the performance of the overall network by extending the MCL to network processors (IXP425) and making the network processors act as routers/gateways, connecting heterogeneous networks. The network processor with its inherent support for network processing tasks helps in realizing a significant improvement in the performance of the network.
Noise from the periphery in autism

No two individuals with the autism diagnosis are ever the same – yet many practitioners and parents can recognize signs of ASD very rapidly with the naked eye. What, then, is this phenotype of autism that shows itself across such distinct clinical presentations and heterogeneous developments? The “signs” seem notoriously slippery and resistant to the behavioral threshold categories that make up current assessment tools. Part of the problem is that cognitive and behavioral “abilities” typically are theorized as high-level disembodied and modular functions – that are assessed discretely (impaired, normal, enhanced) to define a spectral syndrome. Even as biology reminds us that organic developing bodies are not made up of independent switches, we remain often seduced by the simplicity of mechanistic and cognitive models. Developmental disorders such as autism have accordingly been theorized as due to different modular dysfunctions -typically of cortical origin, i.e. failures of “theory of mind” (Baron-Cohen et al., 1985), of the “mirror neuron system” (Ramachandran and Oberman, 2006), of “weak central coherence”(Happe and Frith, 2006) or of the balance of “empathizing” and “systemizing” (Baron Cohen, 2009), just to list a few. The broad array of autonomic (Ming et al., 2005;Cheshire, 2012) and sensorimotor (Damasio and Maurer, 1978;Maurer and Damasio, 1982;Donnellan and Leary, 1995;Leary and Hill, 1996;Donnellan et al., 2012) differences experienced and reported by people with autism have by such theories typically been sidelined as “co-morbidities”, possibly sharing genetic causes, but rendered as incidental and decisively behaviorally irrelevant symptoms –surely disconnected from cognition. But what if the development of cortically based mental processes and autonomous control relies on the complexities and proper function of the peripheral nervous systems? Through such an “embodied” lense the heterogeneous symptoms of autism invites new interpretations. We propose here that many behavioral-level findings can be re-defined as downstream effects of how developing nervous systems attempt to cope and adapt to the challenges of having various noisy, unpredictable and unreliable peripheral inputs.
A Data Age Dependent Broadcast Forwarding Algorithm for Reliable Platooning Applications

We propose a broadcast message forwarding algorithm for V2V communication in a platooning scenario for heavy duty trucks. The algorithm utilizes link information, which is piggybacked on the original data packet, to estimate which nodes are best suited to forward the packet. The aim is to reach all nodes in the platoon with as few forward messages as possible in order to avoid channel congestion. The algorithm is evaluated by simulation using real world V2V measurement data as input. We show that the algorithm performs almost as good as two ETSI standardized forwarding algorithms with respect to keeping the data age for the entire platoon at a low level. But when it comes to keeping the message intensity low, our algorithm outperforms the better of the ETSI algorithms by 35%.
Prognostic and predictive factors in a randomized phase III trial comparing cisplatin-pemetrexed versus cisplatin-gemcitabine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND Baseline patient and disease characteristics are investigated in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in an effort to predict response to treatment and optimize patients' outcomes. Histology has recently been identified in multiple NSCLC phase III trials as a predictive factor for survival in patients receiving pemetrexed regimens. METHODS Cox-adjusted models were used to further analyze a randomized phase III study in 1725 chemonaive patients with stage IIIB or IV NSCLC and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS) of zero or one who received cisplatin plus pemetrexed (CP; C, 75 mg/m(2) and P, 500 mg/m(2)) or cisplatin plus gemcitabine (CG; C, 75 mg/m(2) and G, 1250 mg/m(2)) every 21 days. RESULTS Histology was confirmed to be predictive of CP efficacy and may also be prognostic. Gender, ethnicity, disease stage, smoking status, and PS were not predictive in either treatment arm but were shown to be prognostic in the nonsquamous population, consistent with the results in the overall NSCLC population. CONCLUSIONS NSCLC histology significantly predicts efficacy outcomes for patients receiving pemetrexed. Several other factors are prognostic for the overall study population as well as a subset of patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC.
Corticolimbic Expression of TRPC4 and TRPC5 Channels in the Rodent Brain

The canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels are a family of non-selective cation channels that are activated by increases in intracellular Ca2+ and Gq/phospholipase C-coupled receptors. We used quantitative real-time PCR, in situ hybridization, immunoblots and patch-clamp recording from several brain regions to examine the expression of the predominant TRPC channels in the rodent brain. Quantitative real-time PCR of the seven TRPC channels in the rodent brain revealed that TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels were the predominant TRPC subtypes in the adult rat brain. In situ hybridization histochemistry and immunoblotting further resolved a dense corticolimbic expression of the TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels. Total protein expression of HIP TRPC4 and 5 proteins increased throughout development and peaked late in adulthood (6–9 weeks). In adults, TRPC4 expression was high throughout the frontal cortex, lateral septum (LS), pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus (HIP), dentate gyrus (DG), and ventral subiculum (vSUB). TRPC5 was highly expressed in the frontal cortex, pyramidal cell layer of the HIP, DG, and hypothalamus. Detailed examination of frontal cortical layer mRNA expression indicated TRPC4 mRNA is distributed throughout layers 2–6 of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), motor cortex (MCx), and somatosensory cortex (SCx). TRPC5 mRNA expression was concentrated specifically in the deep layers 5/6 and superficial layers 2/3 of the PFC and anterior cingulate. Patch-clamp recording indicated a strong metabotropic glutamate-activated cation current-mediated depolarization that was dependent on intracellular Ca2+and inhibited by protein kinase C in brain regions associated with dense TRPC4 or 5 expression and absent in regions lacking TRPC4 and 5 expression. Overall, the dense corticolimbic expression pattern suggests that these Gq/PLC coupled nonselective cation channels may be involved in learning, memory, and goal-directed behaviors.
Is the Future of Cloud Computing More Insecure? Distraction and Security best practices for cloud computing measures using Apache Hive

This paper notes some significance trends related to internet and "Cloud Computing Security issues" that will handle the way cloud security is delivered and experienced. Today more information and latest communication technology is experiencing change that, regardless of some skepticism and bringing to the concept of " utility computing" it's our opinion , it prepare ground for constructive critiques regarding the security of such a computing paradigm and especially one of the key components: web services and security best practices for cloud computing using Apache Hive and SQL injection. Apache hive is an open source data warehouse system for Hadoop framework. This paper gives a brief overview of Hive and describe how the use of Thrift classes while executing a Hive query through a java application is vulnerable to SQL injection and how it can be mitigated, the mitigation process makes Hive application secure.
GALVANIC COUPLING OF DIRECT CURRENTS IN TRANSMISSION GRIDS AND ITS EFFECTS ON POWER TRANSFORMERS

Different stress factors impact power transformers during service. In most cases, the effects of additional direct current (DC) components are not taken into consideration. Nevertheless, this contribution considers DC or quasi-DC components which occur in the German transmission grid (400 kV level). Current measurements are therefore performed at several grounded star points of grid coupling power transformers using a customized current monitoring system. At a first glance, DC levels in the range of several Amperes can be observed. The subsequent detailed analysis allows discriminating different superimposing DC sources contributing to star points’ direct currents. The correlation of current measurements at different locations with the actual grid topology and switching operations enables the identification and localization of different sources. Additional comparisons to temporal changes within the earth’s magnetic field provide information about the impact of geomagnetically induced currents (GIC). The effects of observed direct currents on power transformers are determined by an evaluation of mechanical oscillations of affected transformers. The effects are linked to the transformer’s magnetic equivalent circuit and derived from half wave saturation effects of the magnetic hysteresis loop. A large-scaled laboratory setup which consists of two connected 380 kV / 110 kV, 350 MVA 5-limb power transformers is used to emulate DC effects and mechanical oscillations. Comparisons to field measurements are used to verify the model theory and the setup. In this context, the ability of low cost vibration measurement systems to detect direct currents in power transformers is also evaluated.
A central axis and radius estimation method for torus object modeling

Industries and homes are being swept up by the tide of automation which began with the development of computers and robots. Since the role of robots has become critical in automation industry, it has become an important issue for robots to behave and make judgments like humans when grabbing things. This study was conducted to accurately find the axis of an object when the object needs to be modeled for robots to make judgments and grabbing objects. Cylindrical objects are not difficult to estimate their axis if they have only one axis, but torus shapes have radii and axes in general. So we suggest a new method for a central axis and radius estimation for torus modeling based on: 1) 3D edge based segmentation (contour), 2) radius estimation using two surface's point normal vectors, 3) find the central axis using histogram analysis and 4) verification from projected 2D image and superquadrics equation. In this paper, we show torus modeling result from central axis and two radii estimation.
The rheumatoid arthritis HLA–DRB1 shared epitope

Purpose of reviewTo update progress made between December 2008 and November 2009 on the role of the rheumatoid arthritis (RA)–shared epitope in the cause and pathogenesis of RA. Recent findingsNew evidence has been recently presented to suggest that noninherited human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) originating through pregnancy or exposure to maternal antigens in utero could contribute to RA development in shared epitope-negative women. An interaction between smoking and shared epitope-coding non-*04 HLA–DRB1 alleles (particularly HLA–DRB1*01 and HLA–DRB1*10) was formally established for the first time. Progress has been made in determining the relative contributions and the interaction of the shared epitope, PTPN22 and smoking in conferring the risk of anticitrullinated protein antibodies-positive and negative RA. The autoantigen that anticitrullinated protein antibodies recognize in a significant number of RA patients has been identified as citrullinated α-enolase and the importance of genetic factors in anticitrullinated protein antibodies-negative RA has been highlighted. Additionally, associations of RA risk with several new genetic markers have been reported. Among them: two new major histocompatibility complex, non-DRB1 loci, a polymorphism marker in major histocompatibility complex class I polypeptide-related sequence A, an allele of the Fcγ receptor, a polymorphism marker in the β2-adrenergic receptor and a low-inducible allele of the cytochrome P450 subtype 1A2. SummaryAlthough the mechanistic basis of shared epitope–RA association remains an enigma, observations made during the last year shed new light on the conditions in which the shared epitope – alone or in combination with other genes or environmental factors – affects the risk of RA and the phenotype of the disease.
Cross-Modal Localization via Sparsity

Cross-modal analysis is a natural progression beyond processing of single-source signals. Simultaneous processing of two sources can reveal information that is unavailable when handling the sources separately. Indeed, human and animal perception, computer vision, weather forecasting, and various other scientific and technological fields can benefit from such a paradigm. A particular cross-modal problem is localization: out of the entire data array originating from one source, localize the components that best correlate with the other. For example, auditory and visual data sampled from a scene can be used to localize visual events associated with the sound track. In this paper we present a rigorous analysis of fundamental problems associated with the localization task. We then develop an approach that leads efficiently to a unique, high definition localization outcome. Our method is based on canonical correlation analysis (CCA), where inherent ill-posedness is removed by exploiting sparsity of cross-modal events. We apply our approach to localization of audio-visual events. The proposed algorithm grasps such dynamic audio-visual events with high spatial resolution. The algorithm effectively detects the pixels that are associated with sound, while filtering out other dynamic pixels, overcoming substantial visual distractions and audio noise. The algorithm is simple and efficient thanks to its reliance on linear programming, while being free of user-defined parameters
Stereo-Based 3D Reconstruction of Dynamic Fluid Surfaces by Global Optimization

3D Reconstruction of dynamic fluid surfaces is an open and challenging problem in computer vision. Unlike previous approaches that reconstruct each surface point independently and often return noisy depth maps, we propose a novel global optimization-based approach that recovers both depths and normals of all 3D points simultaneously. Using the traditional refraction stereo setup, we capture the wavy appearance of a pre-generated random pattern, and then estimate the correspondences between the captured images and the known background by tracking the pattern. Assuming that the light is refracted only once through the fluid interface, we minimize an objective function that incorporates both the cross-view normal consistency constraint and the single-view normal consistency constraints. The key idea is that the normals required for light refraction based on Snells law from one view should agree with not only the ones from the second view, but also the ones estimated from local 3D geometry. Moreover, an effective reconstruction error metric is designed for estimating the refractive index of the fluid. We report experimental results on both synthetic and real data demonstrating that the proposed approach is accurate and shows superiority over the conventional stereo-based method.