Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LiDAR-Based Hand Contralateral Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation System

Contralateral controlled functional electrical stimulation (CCFES) can induce simultaneous movements in patients’ bilateral hands. It has been clinically proven to be effective in improving hand motor control and dexterity. sEMG and bending sensor-based data gloves for detecting patients’ motor intent have been developed with limitations. sEMG sensor signals are unstable and susceptible to noise. Data gloves composed of bending sensors require complicated calibration and tend to have data drift. In this paper, a LiDAR-based system for hand CCFES is proposed. The method utilized LiDAR to detect the patient’s motion intention without contact in CCFES systems. It has been clinically proven that LiDARs can effectively distinguish the different motion amplitudes of hand gestures as quantitative evaluation sensors of functional electrical stimulation (FES). Training data for classifiers were collected from 9 healthy individuals and 15 stroke patients performing 4 gestures, including hand opening, fist clenching, wrist extension, and wrist flexion. The support vector machine (SVM), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and k-nearest neighbor (kNN) were verified for their classification performance in offline hand gesture recognition tests. Experiments were also conducted on 6 stroke volunteers to evaluate gestures triggered by FES. The SVM classifier showed excellent classification performance for four hand gestures, with an average F1-score of 0.97 ± 0.05 in offline tests. As for online gesture recognition, an average F1-score of 0.92 ± 0.09 was obtained. In the evaluation experiments, between data from 50% and 100% movement amplitude, paired t-tests showed significant differences. The experimental results indicated that the proposed system showed promise for hand rehabilitation.
NLTE line formation

I review some of the present achievements and future challenges of non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) line-formation calculations for solar-type stars. It is concluded that the full potential of NLTE still remains to be tapped, in particular in view of the current transition from one-dimensional (1D) hydrostatic to 3D hydrodynamic model atmospheres.
Efficacy of PBTZ169 and pretomanid against Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium chelonae, and Mycobacterium fortuitum in BALB/c mice models

Objectives We aimed to evaluate the activity of PBTZ169 and pretomanid against non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis (NTM) in vitro and in vivo. Methods The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 11 antibiotics, against slow-growing mycobacteria (SGMs) and rapid-growing mycobacteria (RGMs) were tested using the microplate alamarBlue assay. The in vivo activities of bedaquiline, clofazimine, moxifloxacin, rifabutin, PBTZ169 and pretomanid against four common NTMs were assessed in murine models. Results PBTZ169 and pretomanid had MICs of >32 μg/mL against most NTM reference and clinical strains. However, PBTZ169 was bactericidal against Mycobacterium abscessus (3.33 and 1.49 log10 CFU reductions in the lungs and spleen, respectively) and Mycobacterium chelonae (2.29 and 2.24 CFU reductions in the lungs and spleen, respectively) in mice, and bacteriostatic against Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium fortuitum. Pretomanid dramatically decreased the CFU counts of M. abscessus (3.12 and 2.30 log10 CFU reductions in the lungs and spleen, respectively), whereas it showed moderate inhibition of M. chelonae and M. fortuitum. Bedaquiline, clofazimine, and moxifloxacin showed good activities against four NTMs in vitro and in vivo. Rifabutin did not inhibit M. avium and M. abscessus in mice. Conclusion PBTZ169 appears to be a candidate for treating four common NTM infections. Pretomanid was more active against M. abscessus, M. chelonae and M. fortuitum than against M. avium.
Identification of F-Box/SPRY Domain-Containing Protein 1 (FBXO45) as a Prognostic Biomarker for TMPRSS2–ERG-Positive Primary Prostate Cancers

Simple Summary FBXO45 plays a role in the regulation of apoptosis through the ubiquitylation and degradation of specific target proteins. While FBXO45 has been suggested to have prognostic potential in various cancers, its specific role in prostate carcinoma (PCA) remains unclear. Transcriptome data concerning FBXO45 were analysed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and a publicly available Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) progression PCA cohort. In addition, FBXO45 protein expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry in a large cohort of PCA tissue microarrays. It was demonstrated that high FBXO45 expression was associated with advanced stages of PCA and biochemical recurrence. Shortened progression-free survival was associated with strong FBX045 staining, especially in TMPRSS2–ERG-positive PCA. In vitro experiments demonstrated that FBXO45 knockdown led to a significant reduction in migration capacity in the PC-3, DU-145 and LNCaP cell lines. These findings suggest that FBXO45 may serve as a promising biomarker for PCA and exhibit oncogenic properties. Abstract Background: F-box/SPRY domain-containing protein 1 (FBXO45) plays a crucial role in the regulation of apoptosis via the ubiquitylation and degradation of specific targets. Recent studies indicate the prognostic potential of FBXO45 in several cancers. However, its specific role in prostate carcinoma remains unclear. Methods: A systematic analysis of FBXO45 mRNA expression in PCA was performed using The Cancer Genome Atlas database and a publicly available Gene Expression Omnibus progression PCA cohort. Subsequently, FBXO45 protein expression was assessed via immunohistochemical analysis of a comprehensive tissue microarray cohort. The expression data were correlated with the clinicopathological parameters and biochemical-free survival. The immunohistochemical analyses were stratified according to the TMPRSS2–ERG rearrangement status. To assess the impact of FBXO45 knockdown on the tumour proliferation capacity of cells and metastatic potential, transfection with antisense-oligonucleotides was conducted within a cell culture model. Results: FBXO45 mRNA expression was associated with adverse clinicopathological parameters in the TCGA cohort and was enhanced throughout progression to distant metastasis. FBXO45 was associated with shortened biochemical-free survival, which was pronounced for the TMPRSS2–ERG-positive tumours. In vitro, FBXO45 knockdown led to a significant reduction in migration capacity in the PC3, DU145 and LNCaP cell cultures. Conclusions: Comprehensive expression analysis and functional data suggest FBXO45 as a prognostic biomarker in PCA.
A Nonlinear Extension of the Helicity Formula for Convective Storms

There exists a firm relation between the rotational updraught (and/or downdraught) of a convective storm and the storm-relative environmental helicity. The already-known formula, which was derived with linear approximation and on a form-preserving assumption, describes the relation qualitatively well. In this note, a similar formula is derived without the linear approximation, although the formpreserving assumption is retained. The nonlinear terms generate the acceleration of propagation and/or the temporal variation of growth rate of the storm, which are absent from the linear formula. These nonlinear effects enter the derived formula.
Multisensor bias estimation using local tracks without a priori association

This paper provides a solution for sensor bias estimation based on local tracks at a single time without a priori association for a decentralized multiple sensor tracking system. Each local tracker generates its own local state estimates ignoring the bias. The fusion center then performs track-to-track fusion occasionally after estimating the sensor biases based on the common targets tracked by different sensors. The likelihood function of the bias in a multisensor-multitarget scenario is derived. Using this likelihood, it is shown that the difference of the local estimates is the sufficient statistic for estimating the biases. A least squares solution of the bias estimates and corresponding Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) are presented assuming uncorrelatedness as well as accounting for the crosscorrelation between the local estimation errors. Two approaches to estimate the sensor biases in the absence of known track-to-track association, namely, the Maximum Likelihood estimator combined with Probabilistic Data Association (ML-PDA) and an estimator based on soft data association, are proposed. These methods are compared with the baseline solution with known (perfect) track-to-track association by Monte Carlo simulations. The experimental results indicate that the bias estimator based on the soft data association provides nearly optimal performance and has less computational load than the one using ML-PDA.
An Accurate Activate Screw Detection Method for Automatic Electric Vehicle Battery Disassembly

With the increasing popularity of electric vehicles, the number of end-of-life (EOF) electric vehicle batteries (EVBs) is also increasing day by day. Efficient dismantling and recycling of EVBs are essential to ensure environmental protection. There are many types of EVBs with complex structures, and the current automatic dismantling line is immature and lacks corresponding dismantling equipment. This makes it difficult for some small parts to be disassembled precisely. Screws are used extensively in batteries to fix or connect modules in EVBs. However, due to the small size of screws and differences in installation angles, screw detection is a very challenging task and a significant obstacle to automatic EVBs disassembly. This research proposes a systematic method to complete screw detection called “Active Screw Detection”. The experimental results show that with the YOLOX-s model, the improved YOLOX model achieves 95.92% and 92.14% accuracy for both mAP50 and mAP75 positioning after autonomous adjustment of the robotic arm attitude. Compared to the method without autonomous adjustment of the robotic arm, mAP50 and mAP75 improved by 62.81% and 57.67%, respectively. In addition, the improved YOLOX model improves mAP50 and mAP75 by 0.19% and 3.59%, respectively, compared to the original YOLOX model.
Ion evaporation from Taylor cones of propylene carbonate mixed with ionic liquids

A combined experimental and numerical approach is used to extract information on the kinetics of ion evaporation from the region of high electric field around the tip of a Taylor cone of the neutral solvent propylene carbonate (PC) mixed with two ionic liquids. On the numerical side, the electric field on the surface of the liquid is computed in the absence of evaporation by solving the electrohydrodynamic problem in this region within the framework of the leaky dielectric model. These computations justify the approximate (2% max error) scaling Emax = β Ek for the maximum electric field on the surface, with Ek = γ1/2 ϵ0−2/3 (K/Q)1/6 for 0.111 < K < 0.888 S m−1 and a numerical value of β ≈ 0.76. Here γ is the surface tension of PC, ϵ0 is the electrical permittivity of vacuum, and K and Q are the liquid electrical conductivity and flow rate. On the experimental side, 16 different propylene carbonate solutions with either of the ionic liquids 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMI-BF4) or EMI-bis(trifluoro-methylsulfonyl)imide (EMI-Im) are electrosprayed in a vacuum from a single Taylor cone, and their emissions of charged drops and ions are analysed by time-of-flight mass spectrometry at varying liquid flow rates Q. The sprays contain exclusively drops at large Q, both for small and for large electrical conductivities K, but enter a mixed ion–drop regime at sufficiently large K and small Q. Interestingly, the mixtures containing 10% and 15% (vol) EMI-Im exhibit no measurable ion currents at high Q, but approach a purely ionic regime (almost no drops) at small Q. The charge/mass ratio for the drops produced in these two mixtures increases continuously with decreasing Q, and gets very close to ionic values. Measured ion currents are represented versus computed maximum electric fields Emax on the liquid surface to infer ion evaporation kinetics. Comparison of measured ion currents with predictions from ion evaporation theory yields an anomalously low activation energy (~1.1 eV). This paradox appears to be due to alteration of the pure conj–eet electric field in the scaling laws used for the pure cone–jet regime, due to the substantial ion current density arising even when the ion current is relatively small. Elimination of this interference would require future ion current measurements in the 10–100 pA level. The electrical propulsion characteristics of the emissions from these liquids are determined and found to be excellent, particularly for 10% and 15% (vol) EMI-Im.
Pain threshold and heat stress reaction of mice irradiated by high power millimeter wave

Heat stress reaction was induced by irradiation of high-power 8 millimeter wave on both mice and rats.Four periods of their stress reaction——quiet period,guarding period,deadlock period,prostrating period were observed.The pain threshold temperature of a mouse is(43.1±1.8) ℃,which is not related with its weight,initial temperature of the skin and irradiated power density.The temperature increase of the skin was(8.4±1.0) ℃ by the irradiation at the power density of 3.5 W/cm2 for 3 s and it was(21.1±3.0) ℃ at the power density of 7.0 W/cm2 for 3 s.The duration of guarding period was measured.The relations between the guarding duration and the surficial area of the mouse,the effective irradiating area and irradiating power intensity have been built.The experimental result was extrapolated to rats.
Testing the unit root hypothesis using generalized range statistics

The application of rescaled range statistics in econometrics is restricted to long memory detection in economic and financial time series. However, in this paper it is shown how such statistics can be generalized and used to test the unit root hypothesis. The proposed generalizations lead to testing procedures that are found to be consistent against I (0 , I (2 as well as against fractional integration and misspecification of the deterministic trend. A Monte Carlo simulation reveals that range-based tests can even outperform standard approaches to nonstationarity tests.
Principal Interaction Patterns in Baroclinic Wave Life Cycles

Abstract A principal interaction pattern (PIP) analysis aims at finding a limited number of structures in seemingly very complicated physical scenarios that are time independent up to their amplitudes and phases. These vary according to nonlinear equations determining the interaction between the different structures. By minimizing a suitably chosen error function, calculated by comparing a PIP model with observed or synthetic datasets, both the structures and their interaction coefficients are determined simultaneously. This might therefore be a useful tool for identifying basic structures and processes underlying baroclinic wave life cycles. As a first step in this direction, an accordingly devised PIP model has been applied to a synthetic dataset obtained by numerically integrating the tendency equations of a very simple spherical and quasigeostrophic two-layer model incorporating surface drag and thermal damping. For fairly typical dissipative parameters, a PIP analysis identifies three basic structure.
Quadruple Boost Switched Capacitor-Based Inverter for Standalone Applications

Conventional energy sources will not be sufficient to meet future electrical demands, and also pollute the environment. Therefore, to meet their electrical energy needs, and maintain clean and green environmental conditions, people are focusing more on renewable energy sources. Small-scale PV solar standalone AC loads or grid integration applications need high voltage at a desired level, transformer/inductor less operation, high gain DC-DC front-end converters, and DC-AC converters. To achieve all the above objectives, this paper proposes a step-up quadruple boost nine-level inverter, it works on switched capacitor technique with a reduced count of components for the application of renewable energy systems. The proposed topology balances the capacitor voltages with the control scheme itself without using any sensors. A level-shifted pulse-width modulation (LPWM) technique can be used in the control strategy of the proposed topology. This paper covers the operational modes of the proposed topology, voltage stress calculations, capacitors calculations, and losses calculations at various stages and compared with recent literature, that reveals this topology is more advantageous in terms of less total standing voltage, switch count, cost factor, better efficiency and the number of gate driver circuits. The theoretical performance can be validated through MATLAB/Simulink-based simulation and their results are validated through prototype experimentation. Further, the experimental results contain modulation index variations, frequency modulation, switching frequency variations, input voltage variations, and load variations. Finally, the max efficiency of 96.5% is achieved for the experimental prototype of the proposed topology.
CrPS4 Nanoflakes as Stable Direct-Band-Gap 2D Materials for Ultrafast Pulse Laser Applications

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted considerable attention due to their potential for generating ultrafast pulsed lasers. Unfortunately, the poor stability of most layered 2D materials under air exposure leads to increased fabrication costs; this has limited their development for practical applications. In this paper, we describe the successful preparation of a novel, air-stable, and broadband saturable absorber (SA), the metal thiophosphate CrPS4, using a simple and cost-effective liquid exfoliation method. The van der Waals crystal structure of CrPS4 consists of chains of CrS6 units interconnected by phosphorus. In this study, we calculated the electronic band structures of CrPS4, revealing a direct band gap. The nonlinear saturable absorption properties, which were investigated using the P-scan technique at 1550 nm, revealed that CrPS4-SA had a modulation depth of 12.2% and a saturation intensity of 463 MW/cm2. Integration of the CrPS4-SA into Yb-doped fiber and Er-doped fiber laser cavities led to mode-locking for the first time, resulting in the shortest pulse durations of 298 ps and 500 fs at 1 and 1.5 µm, respectively. These results indicate that CrPS4 has great potential for broadband ultrafast photonic applications and could be developed into an excellent candidate for SA devices, providing new directions in the search for stable SA materials and for their design.
Towards a Statistical Foundation in Combining Structures of Decomposable Graphical Models 1

Summary Graphical models oer simple and intuitive interpretations in terms of conditional independence relationships, and these are especially valuable when large numbers of variables are involved. In some settings restrictions upon experiments, number of variables, and other forms of data collection may result in our being able to estimate only parts of a large graphical model. Consider a collectionC of submodels of a decomposable graphG. In this article, we address the problem of combining component graphical models, and a theory is derived to the eect that one can combine the collection C of decomposable graphs,G1;G2; ;Gm, into a larger decomposable graph, H, of the variables that are involved in G so that the conditional independence relationships inG1;G2; ;Gm may be preserved inH. It is also shown that theH which contains the actual graphG as a subgraph is determined uniquely.
A Mini Summary of Affinity-based Separation Methods for Sample Preparation

Over the years of development, affinity-based separation has become one of the main technologies of cell separation. These methods have met the requirements of high yield, purity, extensibility, and sterility. The techniques for separation of particles and cell purification which are applied in sample preparation in the field of basic scientific research and diagnostic or therapeutic purposes have become highly developed over years. In this paper, the common modern methods of affinity-based separation are discussed and compared, including their principles, fields of application, and limitations.
Evaluation of Citizen Epidemic Prevention Information Literacy in the Post-Epidemic Era in Mainland China

Improving citizen epidemic prevention information literacy is one of the most cost-efficient and important measures to improve people’s epidemic prevention abilities to effectively deal with future public health crises. Epidemic prevention information literacy is beneficial to improve individuals’ ability to deal with public health crises in the future. By summarizing related domestic and international research, and utilizing an empirical methodology, we constructed an epidemic prevention information literacy assessment model with good reliability, validity, and model fit. The model is composed of four indicators: (1) “epidemic prevention information awareness”; (2) “epidemic prevention information knowledge”; (3) “epidemic prevention information ability”; (4) “epidemic prevention information morality”. We used the model to assess the epidemic prevention information literacy of Chinese citizens. The results showed the following: (1) the overall level of the epidemic prevention information literacy of Chinese citizens was comparatively high, however, its development was unbalanced, and the capability and moral levels of the epidemic prevention information were comparatively low; (2) the four dimensions of the epidemic prevention information literacy were different in terms of the citizens’ education levels and locations. We analyzed the probable causes of these problems, and we propose specific corresponding countermeasures. The research provides a set of methods and norms for the evaluation of citizen epidemic prevention information literacy in the post-epidemic era.
Hybrid solid mesh structure for electron beam melting customized implant to treat bone cancer

15Bone replacement implants manufactured by electron beam melting have been widely studied for use in bone tumor treatment. In this application, a hybrid structure implant with a combination of solid and lattice structures guarantees strong adhesion between bone and soft tissues. This hybrid implant must exhibit adequate mechanical performance so as to satisfy the safety criteria considering repeated weight loading during the patient’s lifetime. With a low volume of a clinical case, various shape and volume combinations, including both solid and lattice structures, should be evaluated to provide guidelines for implant design. This study examined the mechanical performance of the hybrid lattice by investigating two shapes of the hybrid implant and volume fractions of the solid and lattice structures, along with microstructural, mechanical, and computational analyses. These results demonstrate how hybrid implants may be designed to improve clinical outcomes by using patient-specific orthopedic implants with optimized volume fraction of the lattice structure, allowing for effective enhancement of mechanical performance as well as optimized design for bone cell ingrowth.