Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Origin of HD 149026b

The high density of the recently discovered close-in extrasolar planet HD 149026b suggests the presence of a huge core in its interior, which challenges planet formation theory. We first derive constraints on the total mass of heavy elements in the planet and find its preferred value is 50-80 M⊕ . We then explore the possibility of the formation of HD 149026b through subcritical core accretion as envisioned for Uranus and Neptune, and find the subcritical accretion scenario is very unlikely in the case of HD 149026b for at least two reasons: (1) subcritical planets are such that the ratio of their core mass to their total mass is above ~0.7, in contradiction with constraints for all but the most extreme interior models of HD 149026b and (2) high accretion rates and large isolation mass required for the formation of a subcritical >50 M⊕ core are possible only at specific orbital distances in a disk with a surface density of dust equal to at least 30 times that of the minimum-mass solar nebula. These facts point toward two main routes for the formation of HD 149026b: (i) gas accretion limited by a slow viscous inflow in an evaporating disk or (ii) a significant modification of the planetary composition after gas accretion ended. Illustrating the second route, we show that collision between two gas giants leads to a substantial loss of the gas component and thus may make the planet highly enriched in heavy elements. Alternatively, the planet may be supplied with heavy elements by planetesimals through secular perturbations. In both the giant impact and the secular perturbation scenarios, we expect an outer giant planet to be present. Observational studies by imaging, astrometry, and long-term interferometry of this system are needed to better narrow down the ensemble of possibilities.
Irradiation-Induced Modification of the Superconducting Properties of Heavily-Boron-Doped Diamond

Diamond, a wide band-gap semiconductor, can be engineered to exhibit superconductivity when doped heavily with boron. The phenomena has been demonstrated in samples grown by chemical vapor deposition where the boron concentration exceeds the critical concentration for the metal-to-insulator transition of nMIT4×1020/cm3. While the threshold carrier concentration for superconductivity is generally well established in the literature, it is unclear how well correlated higher critical temperatures are with increased boron concentration. Previous studies have generally compared several samples grown under different plasma conditions, or on substrates having different crystallographic orientations, in order to vary the incorporation of boron into the lattice. Here, we present a study of a single sample with unchanging boron concentration, and instead modify the charge-carrier concentration by introducing compensating defects via high-energy ion irradiation. Superconductivity is completely suppressed when the number of defects is sufficient to compensate the hole concentration to below threshold. Furthermore, we show it is possible to recover the superconductivity by annealing the sample in vacuum to remove the compensating defects.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus: An Uncommon Cause of Febrile Seizures—Results from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a highly contagious viral pathogen. In infants, it is usually listed among the main causes of medical referrals and hospitalizations, particularly among newborns, and a considerable base of evidence associates RSV infections and bronchiolitis with long-term neurological sequelae. We specifically performed a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to ascertain whether RSV infections may be associated with an increased risk for febrile seizures (FS) in infected infants. According to the PRISMA statement, Pubmed, Embase, and pre-print archive medRxiv.og were searched for eligible observational studies published up to 1 July 2022. Raw data included the incidence of FS among children admitted for influenza-like illness (ILI) and/or bronchiolitis, with a confirmed diagnosis of RSV or seasonal influenza virus (SIV) infection. Data were then pooled in a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 measure, while reporting bias was assessed by means of funnel plots and regression analysis. A total of 11 studies including 6847 cases of RSV infections were retrieved, with a pooled prevalence of 29.975 cases of FS per 1000 RSV cases (I2 = 88.5%). The prevalence was not substantially greater in studies performed in pediatric intensive care units (53.817 per 1000 RSV cases vs. 23.552, p = 0.12). Higher occurrence of FS was reported from studies performed after 2010 (Risk Ratio [RR] 1.429, 95% Confidence Interval [95%CI] 1.049–1.948), and in China (RR 2.105, 95%CI 1.356–3.266) and South Africa (RR 1.722, 95%CI 1.060–2.824) than in Europe, while a lower occurrence was reported form the USA (RR 0.414, 95%CI 0.265–0.649). Eventually, FS were less likely reported from RSV cases compared to subjects affected by seasonal influenza (RR 0.402; 95%CI 0.228–0.708). Although RSV is often associated with high risk of neurological complications, substantially less cases of FS are reported than in SIV infections. However, the paucity of available studies recommends a cautious appraisal of aforementioned results.
OCTA Retinal Vessel Segmentation Based on Vessel Thickness Inconsistency Loss

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) technology has been applied to retinal examination for clinical diagnosis. OCTA images reveal important details of eye diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). DR and AMD are the leading causes of blindness in these diseases. Quantitative analysis of retinal vessel can help doctors diagnose retinal diseases and track the progression of these diseases. In this paper, we propose a new OCTA vessel segmentation framework based on variable vessel thickness. Specifically, to guide the network to adapt to the scale changes of vessels, we construct a vessel structure attention module. It can better capture the vessel structure by guiding the network to pay attention to the vessel edge information and help the network to establish a good context dependency. By assigning corresponding weights to different pixels, it helps the network to better learn vessels of different thicknesses and segment a more complete vessel structure. Finally, the framework is evaluated on the OCTA500 dataset, and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed segmentation framework.
Magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond based on infrared absorption in a doubly resonant optical cavity

We propose using an optical cavity to enhance the sensitivity of a magnetometer relying on the detection of the spin state of a high-density nitrogen-vacancy ensemble in diamond using infrared optical absorption. The role of the cavity is to obtain a contrast in the absorption-detected magnetic resonance approaching unity at room temperature. We project an increase in the photon shot-noise limited sensitivity of two orders of magnitude in comparison with a single-pass approach. Optical losses can limit the enhancement to one order of magnitude, which could still enable room-temperature operation. Finally, the optical cavity also allows us to use less pumping power when the cavity is resonant at both the pump and the infrared probe wavelength.
Dual topology in jacutingaite 
Pt2HgSe3

Topological phases of electronic systems often coexist in a material, well-known examples being systems which are both strong and weak topological insulators. More recently, a number of materials have been found to have the topological structure of both a weak topological insulator and a mirror-protected topological crystalline insulator. In this work, we first focus on the naturally occurring mineral called Jacutingaite, Pt$_2$HgSe$_3$, and show based on density-functional calculations that it realizes this dual topological phase and that the same conclusion holds for Pd$_2$HgSe$_3$. Second, we introduce tight-binding models that capture the essential topological properties of this dual topological phase in materials with three-fold rotation symmetry and use these models to describe the main features of the surface spectral density of different materials in the class.
A Single-Switch Continuous Input Current Buck–Boost Converter With Noninverted Output Voltage

In this article, a single-switch continuous input current (CIC) buck–boost converter with noninverted output voltage is proposed. The proposed converter utilizes capacitor and inductor along with three diodes in conjunction with a quadratic boost converter to adopt its CIC feature. The features of high voltage gain, single active power switch, less ripple CIC, and noninverted output voltage make the proposed converter suitable for renewable and industrial applications. In addition, it provides a wide operating voltage gain with optimum component count, which is higher than the conventional buck–boost converter. Furthermore, it has low voltage stress across the power switch with comparable converters. To elevate the importance of the proposed converter, a detailed comparison analysis has been carried out considering voltage stress, voltage gain, effectiveness index, and component count. The operating principle and steady-state analysis in continuous conduction mode and discontinuous conduction mode of the proposed converter are discussed in detail. To validate the theoretical analysis and performance of the proposed converter, a prototype has been developed and tested in laboratory.
Investigation of the asteroid–neutron star collision model for the repeating fast radio bursts

The origin of fast radio bursts (FRBs) is still a mystery. One model proposed to interpret the only known repeating object, FRB 121102, is that the radio emission is generated from asteroids colliding with a highly magnetized neutron star (NS). With N-body simulations, we model a debris disc around a central star with an eccentric orbit intruding NS. As the NS approaches the first periastron passage, most of the comets are scattered away rather than being accreted by the NS. To match the observed FRB rate, the debris belt would have to be at least three orders of magnitude more dense than the Kuiper belt. We also consider the rate of collisions on to the central object but find that the density of the debris belt must be at least four orders of magnitude more dense than the Kuiper belt. These discrepancies in the density arise even if (1) one introduces a Kuiper-belt like comet belt rather than an asteroid belt and assume that comet impacts can also make FRBs; (2) the NS moves 2 orders of magnitude slower than their normal proper-motion velocity due to supernova kicks; and (3) the NS orbit is coplanar to the debris belt, which provides the highest rate of collisions.
A 1.41-pJ/b 224-Gb/s PAM4 6-bit ADC-Based SerDes Receiver With Hybrid AFE Capable of Supporting Long Reach Channels

A 224-Gb/s pulse amplitude modulation 4-level (PAM4) ADC-based SerDes receiver (RX) is implemented in a 5-nm FinFET process. The RX consists of a low-noise hybrid analog front-end (AFE) that incorporates both inductive peaking and source degeneration, a 64-way time-interleaved ADC, digital equalization consisting of an up to 30 tap feed-forward equalizer (FFE), optional decision-feedback equalizer (DFE), and a clock-data-recovery (CDR) loop utilizing a 14-GHz digitally controlled oscillator (DCO). The RX was characterized for medium-to-long reach channels (20.6-, 27-, 31.4-, and 38-dB insertion loss at Nyquist) with a corresponding pre-forward error correction (FEC) bit error rates of 1.9E-11, 5.2E-10, 1.2E-8, and 6E-7, respectively. The analog power consumption of the RX is 1.41 pJ/b.
Progressive Domain Adaptive Network for Crater Detection

Existing crater detection methods are typically carried out in the same domain where the training and testing data are drawn from an identical distribution. However, this means that when we apply a trained crater detector to a new scene probably caused by changes in sensors, lighting or other factors will lead to a significant performance drop. In this work, we aim to improve the accuracy of the domain (scene) adaptive crater detection, which will reduce labor costs caused by annotation. First, we proposed a progressive domain adaptive network (PDAN), which can progressively learn the knowledge from the source domain to the target domain by the projected intermediate domain features generated by the subspace along the geodesic on the Grassmann manifold. Second, in order to further extract the domain-agnostic feature and utilize the characteristics of craters, we proposed a low-level feature enhancement module (LFEM) and a circular boundary enhancement module (CBEM). Third, a weighted instance-level alignment network (WIAN) is presented to adaptively align the instance-level feature, further reduce the differences between two domains, and enhance the performance. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, based on our previous Mars day crater dataset (MDCD), we present a domain adaptive crater detection (DACD) dataset, which contains 1000 images in two domains and more than 20000 craters. The extensive experiments based on the DACD and open datasets demonstrated that the proposed network could effectively eliminate the impact of domain shift and achieve state-of-the-art results.
(0,2) versions of exotic (2,2) GLSMs

In this paper we extend work on exotic two-dimensional (2,[Formula: see text]2) supersymmetric gauged linear sigma models (GLSMs) in which, for example, geometries arise via nonperturbative effects, to (0,[Formula: see text]2) theories, and in so doing find some novel (0,[Formula: see text]2) GLSM phenomena. For one example, we describe examples in which bundles are constructed physically as cohomologies of short complexes involving torsion sheaves, a novel effect not previously seen in (0,[Formula: see text]2) GLSMs. We also describe examples related by RG flow in which the physical realizations of the bundles are related by quasi-isomorphism, analogous to the physical realization of quasi-isomorphisms in D-branes and derived categories, but novel in (0,[Formula: see text]2) GLSMs. Finally, we also discuss (0,[Formula: see text]2) deformations in various duality frames of other examples.
Long-Term Changes in Married Couples&Apos; Labor Supply and Taxes: Evidence from the Us and Europe Since the 1980s

We document the time-series of employment rates and hours worked per employed by married couples in the US and seven European countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, and the UK) from the early 1980s through 2016. Relying on a model of joint household labor supply decisions, we quantitatively analyze the role of non-linear labor income taxes for explaining the evolution of hours worked of married couples over time, using as inputs the full country- and year-specific statutory labor income tax codes. We further evaluate the role of consumption taxes, gender and educational wage premia, and the educational composition. The model is quite successful in replicating the time series behavior of hours worked per employed married woman, with labor income taxes being the key driving force. It does however capture only part of the secular increase in married women's employment rates in the 1980s and early 1990s, suggesting an important role for factors not considered in this paper. We will make the non-linear tax codes used as an input into the analysis available as a user-friendly and easily integrable set of Matlab codes.
Magnetic cycles of the planet-hosting star τ Bootis

We have obtained new spectropolarimetric observations of the planet-hosting star τ Bootis, using the ESPaDOnS and NARVAL spectropolarimeters at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) and Telescope Bernard Lyot (TBL). With this data set, we are able to confirm the presence of a magnetic field at the surface of τ Boo and map its large-scale structure over the whole star. The large-scale magnetic field is found to be fairly complex, with a strength of up to 10 G; it features a dominant poloidal field and a small toroidal component, the poloidal component being significantly more complex than a dipole. The overall polarity of the magnetic field has reversed with respect to our previous observation (obtained a year before), strongly suggesting that τ Boo is undergoing magnetic cycles similar to those of the Sun. This is the first time that a global magnetic polarity switch is observed in a star other than the Sun; given the infrequent occurrence of such events in the Sun, we speculate that the magnetic cycle period of τ Boo is much shorter than that of the Sun. Our new data also allow us to confirm the presence of differential rotation, both from the shape of the line profiles and the latitudinal shearing that the magnetic structure is undergoing. The differential rotation surface shear that τ Boo experiences is found to be 6 to 10 times larger than that of the Sun, in good agreement with recent claims that differential rotation is strongest in stars with shallow convective zones. We propose that the short-magnetic cycle period is due to the strong level of differential rotation. With a rotation period of 3.0 and 3.9 d at the equator and pole, respectively, τ Boo appears as the first planet-hosting star whose rotation (at intermediate latitudes) is synchronized with the orbital motion of its giant planet (period 3.3 d). Assuming that this synchronization is not coincidental, it suggests that the tidal effects induced by the giant planet can be strong enough to force the thin convective envelope (though not the whole star) into corotation. We also detect time-dependent activity fluctuations on τ Boo, but cannot unambiguously determine whether they are intrinsic to the star or induced by the planet; more observations of similar type are needed to determine the role of the close-in giant planet orbiting τ Boo on both the activity enhancements and the magnetic cycle of the host star.
Interstellar Medium and Star Formation in Dwarf Galaxies

Abstract This is a brief review of our understanding of the properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) in dwarf galaxies in connection to their star formation activity. What are the dominant phases of the ISM in these objects? How do the properties of these phases depend on the galaxy properties? What do we know about their cold gas content and its link to star formation activity? Does star formation proceed differently in these galaxies? How does star formation feedback operate in dwarf galaxies? The availability of observations from space-based facilities such as FUSE, Spitzer, Herschel, and Fermi, as well as observatories such as SOFIA and ALMA, is allowing us to make significant strides in our understanding of these questions.
Lee-Yang Model in Presence of Defects

I choose the Lee-Yang model and go through different approaches to analyze it using the form factor approach and the bootstrap program, the lattice description and the lattice TBA equations for a full understanding of the model. The bootstrap program aims to explicitly solve 1+1 dimensional integrable quantum field theories. In the first step, called the S-matrix bootstrap, the scattering matrix, is determined from its properties. In developing a defect form factor program the first step is the T-matrix bootstrap. Interacting integrable defect theories are purely transmitting and topological. We analyze both operators localized in the bulk and also on the defect. By finding their solutions, the spectral representation of any correlator can be determined. Next we consider the model on the lattice. The lattice approach allows to obtain both massive and massless excited TBA equations by studying the continuum scaling limit of the associated integrable lattice models. The most important input from the lattice approach is an insight into the analytic structure of the excited state solutions of the TBA equations. Previously this structure had to be guessed. In this thesis we turn our attention to the simplest example of a non-unitary minimal theory, namely, the Lee-Yang minimal model M(2,5). We study the Lee-Yang model on the lattice. We analyze the periodic, boundary and the seam cases in both massive and massless regimes. We derive their ground state TBA equations and analyze the flows between different boundary and defect conditions. Finally, in the large volume limit, we calculate the L\"uscher correction terms of the TBA energy of a one-particle state. We display those ideas in the end of the thesis as this is an important direction of work in string theory, particularly in the AdS/CFT correspondence.
Classical Monopole Solutions to $\mathcal{N}=3$ Chern-Simons-Yang-Mills Theories

We construct the component action and supersymmetry transformations of the $\mathcal{N} = 3$ Chern-Simons-Yang-Mills theory that flows in the infra red to the $\mathcal{N} = 3$ super conformal quiver Chern-Simons gauge theory obtained by Jafferis and Tomasiello in \cite{Jafferis:2008qz}. We then obtain classical $\frac{1}{3}$-BPS (and anti-BPS) solutions all along the RG flow. The solutions display a rich structure, for example, there is a non-trivial moduli space. Various properties of supersymmetric monopole operators in the infra red super conformal field theory, such as global charges and scaling dimensions can be derived from the monopole solutions we obtain in this paper; along the lines of the work of Benna, Klebanov and Klose in \cite{Benna:2009xd}.
Trend Analysis of Balcony Vegetable Gardens in Korea, Before and After COVID-19 Pandemic Using Big Data

Background and objective: Since the COVID-19 pandemic, people have been staying at home more and "balcony vegetable gardens," a form of urban agriculture, have been mentioned more frequently. As a result of the Korea Housing Survey in 2020, the percentage of households living in apartments among general households in Korea was 51.1%, but there is insufficient research to understand public perception and trends of the balcony vegetable gardens. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the trends of balcony vegetable gardens over the last 4 years including before and after the COVID-19 outbreak and to provide basic data for effective application to related policies and research.Methods: A total of 5,011 posts that mentioned balcony vegetable gardens were collected from Naver blogs and cafes from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021. To tokenize nouns, Okt morphological analysis of KoNLPy was used, and keywords were derived using TfidfVectorizer of Scikit-learn library. Following that, LDA topic modeling was performed by setting the hyper parameters as α= 0.1, β = 0.01 and iterations = 1,000. The above analysis was conducted using Python 3.9. 5.Results: Before the outbreak of COVID-19, balcony vegetable gardening began to receive attention and vitalized as a form of participation in urban agriculture, but after the outbreak, they are established as an activity for healing, emotional support, environmental campaign, and healthy hobby. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, people clearly seemed to seek a more sustainable lifestyle through balcony vegetable garden activities. This shows the values and expected outcomes the public has toward urban agriculture.Conclusion: Balcony gardening activities heal the public, and this healing effect could be a key to the revitalization and development of urban agriculture. These findings can help establish policies and set the directions for urban agriculture that reflect the values and expected outcomes the public has toward urban agricultural activities.