Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Real Time Video Object Tracking Using

This paper presents the vehicle detection in aerial surveillance using Dynamic Bayesian Networks. A Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) is a Bayesian Network which relates variables to each other over adjacent time steps. This is often called a Two-Time slice BN because it says that at any point in time T, the value of a variable can be calculated from the internal regressors and the immediate prior value (time T-1). DBNs are common in video tracking, and have shown potential for a wide range of digital image applications. It is a method to estimate the real value of an observed variable that evolves in time. We present a pixel wise classification is performed, relation among neighbouring pixels preserved as feature extraction process. The SVM classifier is used to train the image samples for the classification. For edge detection canny edge detector used. In recent years, the analysis of aerial videos taken from aerial vehicle has become an important issue. These technologies have a variety of applications, such as military, police, and traffic management. DBN is used for the node classification. The results demonstrate flexibility and good generalization abilities of the proposed system on a challenging data set with aerial surveillance images taken at different heights and under different camera angles.
Design and development of a Stewart platform assisted and navigated transsphenoidal surgery

In this study, technical details of a Stewart platform (SP) based robotic system as an endoscope positioner and holder for endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery are presented. Inverse and forward kinematics, full dynamics, and the Jacobian matrix of the robotic system are derived and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. The required control structure for the trajectory and position control of the SP is developed and verified by several experiments. The robotic system can be navigated using a six degrees of freedom (DOF) joystick and a haptic device with force feedback. Position and trajectory control of the SP in the joint space is achieved using a new model-free intelligent PI (iPI) controller and it is compared with the classical PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controller. Trajectory tracking experimental results showed that the tracking performance of iPI is better than that of PID and the total RMSE of the trajectory tracking is decreased by 17.64% using the iPI controller. The validity of the robotic system is proven in the endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery performed on a realistic head model in the laboratory and on a cadaver in the Institute of Forensic Medicine. The key feature of the system developed here is to operate the endoscope via the joystick or haptic device with force feedback under iPI control. Usage of this system helps surgeons in long, fatiguing, and complex operations. This system can generate new possibilities for transsphenoidal surgery such as fully automated robotic surgery systems.
Botulinum Toxin Injections to the Obliquus Capitis Inferioris Muscle for Dynamic Cervical Dystonia Improves Subjective Patient Outcomes

The obliquus capitis inferioris (OCI) muscle is a significant driver of cervical dystonia with torticaput movements and a no–no head tremor. Limited data are available on the efficacy of OCI injections on patient outcomes. Our study aims to determine whether the botulinum toxin injection into OCI improves subjective patient quality of life in those with dystonic head tremors. A retrospective chart review was performed for 25 patients receiving injections into the OCI for a dystonic head tremor at the London Movement Disorders Clinic between January 2020 and January 2022. Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Scale-2 (TWSTRS-2) subscale scores for disability and pain, TWSTRS-PSYCH scores, and the global impression of severity were extracted. The average TWSTRS-2 disability subscale change was −2.8 points (p < 0.003). The average TWSTRS-2 pain subscale change was −4.6 points (p < 0.003). The average TWSTRS-PSYCH score prior to injection was 5.6. After injection, the average score was 3.7 (p < 0.004). The patient self-reported average global impression of severity before injection was 7.0; after this, it was 4.2 (p < 0.0003). The OCI injection showed significant improvement in retrospective patient self-reported outcomes; it should be considered early in the treatment plan for cervical dystonia with a no–no head tremor.
Habit Formation: A Resolution of the Equity Premium Puzzle

The equity premium puzzle, identified by Mehra and Prescott, states that, for plausible values of the risk aversion coefficient, the difference of the expected rate of return on the stock market and the riskless rate of interest is too large, given the observed small variance of the growth rate in per capita consumption. The puzzle is resolved in the context of an economy with rational expectations once the time separability of von Neumann-Morgenstern preferences is relaxed to allow for adjacent complementarity in consumption, a property known as habit persistence. Essentially habit persistence drives a wedge between the relative risk aversion of the representative agent and the intertemporal elasticity of substitution in consumption.
Geochronology And Thermochronology By The 40ar39ar Method

geochronology and thermochronology by the 40ar39ar method is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the geochronology and thermochronology by the 40ar39ar method is universally compatible with any devices to read.
A biofertilizing fungal endophyte of cranberry plants suppresses the plant pathogen Diaporthe

Fungi colonizing plants are gaining attention because of their ability to promote plant growth and suppress pathogens. While most studies focus on endosymbionts from grasses and legumes, the large and diverse group of ericaceous plants has been much neglected. We recently described one of the very few fungal endophytes promoting the growth of the Ericaceae Vaccinium macrocarpon (American cranberry), notably the Codinaeella isolate EC4. Here, we show that EC4 also suppresses fungal pathogens, which makes it a promising endophyte for sustainable cranberry cultivation. By dual-culture assays on agar plates, we tested the potential growth suppression (or biocontrol) of EC4 on other microbes, notably 12 pathogenic fungi and one oomycete reported to infect not only cranberry but also blueberry, strawberry, tomato plants, rose bushes and olive trees. Under greenhouse conditions, EC4 protects cranberry plantlets infected with one of the most notorious cranberry-plant pathogens, Diaporthe vaccinii, known to cause upright dieback and berry rot. The nuclear genome sequence of EC4 revealed a large arsenal of genes potentially involved in biocontrol. About ∼60 distinct clusters of genes are homologs of secondary metabolite gene clusters, some of which were shown in other fungi to synthesize nonribosomal peptides and polyketides, but in most cases, the exact compounds these clusters may produce are unknown. The EC4 genome also encodes numerous homologs of hydrolytic enzymes known to degrade fungal cell walls. About half of the nearly 250 distinct glucanases and chitinases are likely involved in biocontrol because they are predicted to be secreted outside the cell. Transcriptome analysis shows that the expression of about a quarter of the predicted secondary-metabolite gene clusters and glucan and chitin-degrading genes of EC4 is stimulated when it is co-cultured with D. vaccinii. Some of the differentially expressed EC4 genes are alternatively spliced exclusively in the presence of the pathogen, altering the proteins’ domain content and subcellular localization signal, thus adding a second level of proteome adaptation in response to habitat competition. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Diaporthe-induced alternative splicing of biocontrol genes.
Methods for estimating aboveground biomass and its components for five Pacific Northwest tree species

Performance of three groups of methods to estimate total and/or component aboveground biomass was evaluated using the data collected from destructively sampled trees in different parts of Oregon. First group of methods used analytical approach to estimate total and component biomass using existing equations, and produced biased estimates for our dataset. The second group used a system of equations fitted with seemingly unrelated regression (SUR), and was superior to group I methods. The third group of methods predicted the proportions of biomass in each component using beta, Dirichlet, and multinomial logistic regression (MLR). The MLR approach produced smaller root mean squared error (RMSE) compared to the SUR approaches except for grand fir branch biomass while the beta and Dirichlet regressions provided smaller RMSE compared to the SUR approaches for 85 percent of the species-component combinations.
Implantable pH Sensing System Using Vertically Stacked Silicon Nanowire Arrays and Body Channel Communication for Gastroesophageal Reflux Monitoring

Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) are emerging as versatile components in the fabrication of sensors for implantable medical devices because of their exceptional electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. This paper presents a novel top-down fabrication method for vertically stacked SiNWs, eliminating the need for wet oxidation, wet etching, and nanolithography. The integration of these SiNWs into body channel communication (BCC) circuits was also explored. The fabricated SiNWs were confirmed to be capable of forming arrays with multiple layers and rows. The SiNW-based pH sensors demonstrated a robust response to pH changes, and when tested with BCC circuits, they showed that it was possible to quantize based on pH when transmitting data through the human body. This study successfully developed a novel method for SiNW fabrication and integration into BCC circuits, which could lead to improvements in the reliability and efficiency of implantable medical sensors. The findings demonstrate significant potential for bioelectronic applications and real-time biochemical monitoring.
Structural brain morphometry differences and similarities between young patients with Crohn’s disease in remission and healthy young and old controls

Introduction Crohn’s disease (CD), one of the main phenotypes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. It can impact the function of gastrointestinal secretions, as well as increasing the intestinal permeability leading to an aberrant immunological response and subsequent intestinal inflammation. Studies have reported anatomical and functional brain changes in Crohn’s Disease patients (CDs), possibly due to increased inflammatory markers and microglial cells that play key roles in communicating between the brain, gut, and systemic immune system. To date, no studies have demonstrated similarities between morphological brain changes seen in IBD and brain morphometry observed in older healthy controls. Methods For the present study, twelve young CDs in remission (M = 26.08 years, SD = 4.9 years, 7 male) were recruited from an IBD Clinic. Data from 12 young age-matched healthy controls (HCs) (24.5 years, SD = 3.6 years, 8 male) and 12 older HCs (59 years, SD = 8 years, 8 male), previously collected for a different study under a similar MR protocol, were analyzed as controls. T1 weighted images and structural image processing techniques were used to extract surface-based brain measures, to test our hypothesis that young CDs have different brain surface morphometry than their age-matched young HCs and furthermore, appear more similar to older HCs. The phonemic verbal fluency (VF) task (the Controlled Oral Word Association Test, COWAT) (Benton, 1976) was administered to test verbal cognitive ability and executive control. Results/Discussion On the whole, CDs had more brain regions with differences in brain morphometry measures when compared to the young HCs as compared to the old HCs, suggesting that CD has an effect on the brain that makes it appear more similar to old HCs. Additionally, our study demonstrates this atypical brain morphometry is associated with function on a cognitive task. These results suggest that even younger CDs may be showing some evidence of structural brain changes that demonstrate increased resemblance to older HC brains rather than their similarly aged healthy counterparts.
Error message: Creation of a revised codebook for analysis of newspaper corrections

The codebook for analyzing newspaper corrections has remained nearly unchanged since 1936. This project sought to create and validate a new codebook. Study 1 analyzed a previous application of the original codebook and proposed a new version, which Study 2 and Study 3 then applied and tested. In both, the new codebook resulted in fewer underused categories and fewer uncategorized corrections. This study, therefore, recommends its new codebook for future analytical studies of newspaper corrections.
BgSubNet: Robust Semisupervised Background Subtraction in Realistic Scenes

Background subtraction (BgS) is a problem for handling pixel-level identification of changing or moving entities in the field of view of a static camera system. Recent works have discovered superior generalization to unseen realistic scenarios by an approach called deep BgS, which employs deep neural networks (DNNs) on concatenations of image inputs and their backgrounds. However, due to a lack of large-scale foreground-background image datasets, the challenges of manually creating background masks for existing Internet-scale image datasets, and a general lack of attention to circumvent them, studies to exploit the generalization potentials of deep BgS have yet to be thoroughly conducted for unseen realistic scenes. Hence, our work proposes an analysis regarding the generalization capabilities of deep BgS, particularly by their binary constraints of pixel feature representations. Then, to address the lack of large-scale labeled data to induce generalization, we propose a strategy to generate a virtually limitless freeform dataset, follow up with the first self-supervised (SS) pretraining strategy for deep BgS, then extend it to a semisupervised framework called BgSubNet, which can support inference on unseen scenarios by self-supervision and mixed-domain training with real and synthetic data. Our results are experimentally validated at competitive results with CAMO-UOW and CDnet2014 datasets to show considerably high performance against existing frameworks.
Fabrication of cellulose nanocrystals/carboxymethyl cellulose/zeolite membranes for methylene blue dye removal: understanding factors, adsorption kinetics, and thermodynamic isotherms

This study introduces environmentally-friendly nanocellulose-based membranes for AZO dye (methylene blue, MB) removal from wastewater. These membranes, made of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), zeolite, and citric acid, aim to offer eco-friendly water treatment solutions. CNCs, obtained from sugarcane bagasse, act as the foundational material for the membranes. The study aims to investigate both the composition of the membranes (CMC/CNC/zeolite/citric acid) and the critical adsorption factors (initial MB concentration, contact time, temperature, and pH) that impact the removal of the dye. After systematic experimentation, the optimal membrane composition is identified as 60% CNC, 15% CMC, 20% zeolites, and 5% citric acid. This composition achieved a 79.9% dye removal efficiency and a 38.3 mg/g adsorption capacity at pH 7. The optimized membrane exhibited enhanced MB dye removal under specific conditions, including a 50 mg adsorbent mass, 50 ppm dye concentration, 50 mL solution volume, 120-min contact time, and a temperature of 25°C. Increasing pH from neutral to alkaline enhances MB dye removal efficiency from 79.9% to 94.5%, with the adsorption capacity rising from 38.3 mg/g to 76.5 mg/g. The study extended to study the MB adsorption mechanisms, revealing the chemisorption of MB dye with pseudo-second-order kinetics. Chemical thermodynamic experiments determine the Freundlich isotherm as the apt model for MB dye adsorption on the membrane surface. In conclusion, this study successfully develops nanocellulose-based membranes for efficient AZO dye removal, contributing to sustainable water treatment technologies and environmental preservation efforts.
Evolution of Severe Closed Head Injury: Assessing Ventricular Volume and Behavioral Measures at 30 and 90 Days Post-Injury

Background: Assessing functional outcomes in Severe Closed Head Injury (SCHI) is complex due to brain parenchymal changes. This study examines the Ventricles to Intracranial Volume Ratio (VBR) as a metric for these changes and its correlation with behavioral scales. Methods: Thirty-one SCHI patients were included. VBR was derived from CT scans at 3, 30, and 90 days post-injury and compared with Levels of Cognitive Functioning (LCF), Disability Rating Scale (DRS), and Early Rehabilitation Barthel Index (ERBI) assessments at 30 and 90 days. Results: Ten patients were excluded post-decompressive craniectomy or ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Findings indicated a VBR decrease at 3 days, suggesting acute phase compression, followed by an increase from 30 to 90 days, indicative of post-acute brain atrophy. VBR correlated positively with the Marshall score in the initial 72 h, positioning it as an early indicator of subsequent brain atrophy. Nevertheless, in contrast to the Marshall score, VBR had stronger associations with DRS and ERBI at 90 days. Conclusions: VBR, alongside behavioral assessments, presents a robust framework for evaluating SCHI progression. It supports early functional outcome correlations informing therapeutic approaches. VBR’s reliability underscores its utility in neurorehabilitation for ongoing SCHI assessment and aiding clinical decisions.
Using trees as indicators of environmental conditions by measuring their internal water status

As indicator organisms, trees reflect their environmental conditions and, by measuring midday or pre-dawn water potentials as well as standardized osmotic potentials, it is possible to quantify the current water and salt regime of the soil and of the plant itself. Numerous field tests were conducted in natural dry and moist forests in southern Africa and central South America in order to establish correlations between tree species or vegetation types and their respective environments. Under identical environmental conditions, woody plants and grasses will indicate the same results when the individual plants are measured. The approach proposed here of using plants as indicators makes it possible to choose tree species which are appropriate for a particular site. This holds true especially in the case of arid afforestation areas in the tropics and subtropics.
Intra-seasonal convection dynamics over Southwest and Northeast Tanzania : an observational study

Intraseasonal convection oscillation over the northeastern and southwestern Tanzania during MAM and DJF seasons respectively are examined using December, 1979 to May, 1994 pentad (5-day mean) Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) as an indicator of convective cloud distribution. Area-averaged OLR indices are derived for the two areas. Time series of OLR indices for MAM and,IDJF indicate large quasi-periodic OLR fluctuations in some years and small fluc~ations in other years. Periodogram analyses results reveal that dominant peribdogram values for the oscillations were different in different years over both area~. Dominant periodogram peaks with periods more than 6 pentads (30 days) occtlrred 40% of the time on the average. Based on the pentad OLR time series plot~ deep convection and their precursors are composited. The time evolution of comjposite OLR maps reveal that patterns of low OLR values (indicating deep con~ection) shift northeastwards coupled with low OLR values associated with midj latitude troughs and linked to the ITCZ. Coclposite of kinematic and thermodynamic parameters associated with deep conJection and precursors are composited. The analyses results show that deep cojection is associated with the following characteristics: -Si ultaneous geopotential height falls over the: Indian Ocean and geopotential height rises over the Atlantic Ocean and northwest Africa; -Corlvergence of westerly (integrated between 1000 hPa and 500 hPa Water Vapbur Flux) WVF and northeasterly WVF in the case of southwestern areas and nort~easterly WVF and southeasterly WVF in the case of northeastern areas; -Ex~ansion and strengthening of easterlies at the 200 hPa level. Southeasterly cros~-equatorial flow is also observed; -Indease in equivalent potential temperatures in the mid-troposphere; -lncrl]ease in integrated precipitable water over the target sub-regions. Tim -longitude or Hovmoller diagrams of 4-12 pentad (20-60) days band filtered OLRI, zonal winds at 850 hPa and 200 hPa, and integrated pricipitable water anonhalies averaged in the 2.5°-5°S and 7.5°-10°8 latitude bands for the period Nov~mber to May (1980-1993) are analysed. Some of the findings are similar to thosd of previous researchers. Eastward, westward and non-propagating convective featulres are revealed in the two sub-regions. Organised eastward convective propkgating features simultaneously transits the two latitude bands indicating that the ihtraseasonal convective features are of large scale. The phase speed of the convbctive features is found to be between 2 and 8 m s· while the period of oscilf ation is between 5 to 11 pentads. The eastward propagating negative
γBOriS: Identification of Origins of Replication in Gammaproteobacteria using Motif-based Machine Learning

The biology of bacterial cells is, in general, based on the information encoded on circular chromosomes. Regulation of chromosome replication is an essential process which mostly takes place at the origin of replication (oriC). Identification of high numbers of oriC is a prerequisite to enable systematic studies that could lead to insights of oriC functioning as well as novel drug targets for antibiotic development. Current methods for identyfing oriC sequences rely on chromosome-wide nucleotide disparities and are therefore limited to fully sequenced genomes, leaving a superabundance of genomic fragments unstudied. Here, we present γBOriS (Gammaproteobacterial oriC Searcher), which accurately identifies oriC sequences on gammaproteobacterial chromosomal fragments by employing motif-based DNA classification. Using γBOriS, we created BOriS DB, which currently contains 25,827 oriC sequences from 1,217 species, thus making it the largest available database for oriC sequences to date.