Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interaction of PDK 1 with phosphoinositides is essential for neuronal 1 differentiation , but dispensable for neuronal survival 2 3

23 The 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) operates in cells in 24 response to phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation and PtdIns(3,4,5)P 3 production by 25 activating a number of AGC kinases, including protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt. Both 26 PDK1 and PKB contain pleckstrin homology domains that interact with the 27 PtdIns(3,4,5)P 3 second messenger. Disrupting the interaction of the PDK1 pleckstrin 28 homology domain with phosphoinositides by expressing the PDK1 K465E knock-in 29 mutation resulted in mice with reduced PKB activation. We explored the physiological 30 consequences of this biochemical lesion in the central nervous system. The PDK1 31 knock-in mice displayed reduced brain size due to a reduction in neuronal cell size 32 rather than cell number. Reduced BDNF-induced phosphorylation of PKB at Thr308, 33 the PDK1 site, was observed in the mutant neurons, which was not rate-limiting for the 34 phosphorylation of those PKB substrates governing neuronal survival and apoptosis, 35 such as FOXO1 or GSK3. Accordingly, the integrity of the PDK1 PH domain was not 36 essential to support the survival of different embryonic neuronal populations analyzed. 37 In contrast, PKB-mediated phosphorylation of PRAS40 and TSC2, allowing optimal 38 mTORC1 activation and BRSK protein synthesis, were markedly reduced in the mutant 39 mice, leading to impaired neuronal growth and differentiation. 40 3 Introduction 41
West African extreme daily precipitation in observations and stretched-grid simulations by CAM-EULAG

In this study, we evaluate the performance of a non-hydrostatic global climate model, CAMEULAG (CEU), with grid stretching capability that uses NCAR Community Atmospheric Model (CAM) physics and EULAG dynamics, a non-hydrostatic parallel computational model for simulating all-scales geophysical flows developed by Smolarkiewicz and colleagues. The intent of the work is on assessing the model’s utility for West African climate study. First, we evaluate its ability to simulate the climatology of West Africa with emphasis on assessing the model’s capability for West African climate study. Second, we examine extreme precipitation events and their physical causes for West Africa. We compare CEU rainfall with Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and Global Precipitation Climatology Project precipitation, and simulated atmosphere with output from a global atmospheric reanalysis (ERA-Interim) produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. We find that the model simulates well the mean climate over West Africa during the summer monsoon season, July–September. It reproduces the mean rainfall at the peak of the West African summer rainy season, and it captures the rainbelt associated with the ITCZ. The model simulates the core of the rainbelt consistent with the core of the deep ascent lying between the axes of the African Easterly Jet and the Tropical Easterly Jet. The model simulates fairly well the interannual and intraseasonal variability of the extreme precipitation events. Although they are not as intense as observed, the spatial scale of extreme events in the model is comparable to the observed scale. Simulated large-scale processes on extreme-event days compares well with corresponding ERAInterim fields on observed extreme-event days. The thesis concludes with recommendations for further analysis and improvements of the model.
Economic Growth with Constraints on Tax Revenues and Public Debt: Implications for Fiscal Policy and Cross-Country Differences

This paper evaluates optimal public investment and fiscal policy for countries characterized by limited tax and debt capacities. We study a non stochastic CRS endogenous growth model where public expenditure is an input in the production process, in countries where distortions and limited enforceability result in limited fiscal capacities, as captured by a maximal effective tax rate. We show how persistent differences in growth rates across countries could stem from differential public finance constraints, and differentiate between the case where the public expenditure finances the flow of recurring spending (such as law enforcement), versus the stock of tangible public infrastructure. Although the flow of public expenditure raises productivity, the government should not borrow to finance it as the resulting increase in public debt would lower welfare and the growth rate. With outstanding public debt, the optimal fiscal policy should keep the debt-to-GDP ratio constant in the economy with or without a binding constraint on tax revenues as a share of GDP – current non-durable public goods should be financed only from current revenue. With investment in the stock of public infrastructure, public sector borrowing to finance the accumulation of public capital goods may allow the economy to reach a long-run optimal growth path faster. With a binding tax capacity constraint, if the ratio of the initial public/private sector stock of capital is smaller than the sustainable balanced growth ratio, the optimal policy for the government is to purchase public capital, financed by debt, to immediately attain the sustainable ratio of public capital to private capital. The sustainable steady-state ratio is endogenous to the initial public-to-private capital ratio, the tax capacity and any exogenous debt limit (say, due to sovereign risk). With capital stock adjustment costs, these statements apply to a transition of finite duration rather than an instantaneous stock jump. With either a binding exogenous debt limit or solvency constrained borrowing, a more patient country will have a higher steady-state growth rate but a lower steady-state public-to-private capital ratio.
The Effect of Comprehensive Smoking Bans in European Workplaces

Abstract Many European countries have recently implemented comprehensive smoking bans to reduce exposure to tobacco smoke in public places and all indoor workplaces. We use a difference-in-differences approach and comparable microdata for a number of European countries to evaluate the impact of national comprehensive smoking bans on workers’ perceived health. Results show that the introduction of comprehensive smoking bans has a significant effect on the probability of both exposure to smoke and work-related respiratory problems. We also highlight unintended effects in terms of mental distress. The impact across countries is shown to vary with the degree of strictness of the bans.
Gatekeeping – Open Door to Effective Medical Care Utilisation?

We assess the ability of health insurance plans with gatekeeping restrictions to control the utilization of medical care through their inuence on the choice of the initial provider. Empirical results are based on the individuallevel utilization panel data from 2001-2006 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. We nd only small dierences between the initial provider chosen by individuals enrolled in gatekeeping and non-gatekeeping plans. This, together with the fact that within gatekeeping plans, 21 percent of patients self-refer to specialists, imply that the intended cost-containment eect of gatekeeping, namely restricting the utilization of specialty care, is surprisingly weak.
Chapter 69 The glacial succession of Sturtian age in South Australia: the Yudnamutana Subgroup

Abstract The record of two Neoproterozoic glaciations in South Australia has been known for about a century. The earlier glaciation, of Sturtian age, is represented by the Yudnamutana Subgroup and is characterized by widespread diamictites with both intrabasinal and extrabasinal clasts, some locally faceted and striated. Associated facies include shallow-water sandstone, bedded and laminated siltstone with lonestones and dropstones, and sedimentary ironstones (mainly ferruginous siltstone and diamictite). Proximal settings adjacent to the Curnamona Province display massive basement-derived conglomerate and gigantic basement megaclasts (up to hundreds of metres across). Sturtian glaciogenic sediments of the Yudnamutana Subgroup unconformably overlie a variety of older rock units, including crystalline basement near basin margins and uppermost Burra Group sediments in the depocentre, and were deposited both in shallow marine shelf environments and in tectonically active rift basins encircling the Curnamona Province, with corresponding increases in total thickness from 100–300 m to more than 5 km. Recent U–Pb zircon SHRIMP dating of a thin volcaniclastic layer indicates that the waning stages of the Sturtian glaciation occurred at c. 660 Ma. Unlike the deposits of the younger Elatina glaciation, the Yudnamutana Subgroup has so far not yielded reliable palaeomagnetic data.
Seasonal advection of Pacific Equatorial Water alters oxygen and pH in the Southern California Bight

Chemical properties of the California Undercurrent (CU) have been changing over the past several decades, yet the mechanisms responsible for the trend are still not fully understood. We present a survey of temperature, salinity, O2, pH, and currents at intermediate depths (defined here as 50–500 m) in the summer (30 June to 10 July) and winter (8–15 December) of 2012 in the southern region of the Southern California Bight. Observations of temperature, salinity, and currents reveal that local bathymetry and small gyres play an important role in the flow path of the California Undercurrent (CU). Using spiciness (π) as a tracer, we observe a 10% increase of Pacific Equatorial Water (PEW) in the core of the CU during the summer versus the winter. This is associated with an increase in π of 0.2, and a decrease in O2 and pH of 30 μmol kg−1 and 0.022, respectively; the change in pH is driven by increased CO2, while total alkalinity remains unchanged. The high-π, low-O2, and low-pH waters during the summer are not distributed uniformly in the study region. Moreover, mooring observations at the edge of the continental shelf reveal intermittent intrusions of PEW onto the shelf with concomitant decreases in O2 and pH. We estimate that increased advection of PEW in the CU could account for approximately 50% of the observed decrease in O2, and between 49 and 73% of the decrease in pH, over the past three decades.
Attenuation of body waves in the crust beneath the vicinity of Cairo Metropolitan area (Egypt) using coda normalization method

SUMMARY A digital waveform data set of 167 local earthquakes, recorded by the Egyptian Seismographic Network, was used to estimate the attenuation of body waves in the crust at the vicinity of Cairo Metropolitan area. The P-wave (Q−1α) and S-wave (Q−1β) attenuation were estimated by applying the coda normalization method to bandpass-filtered seismograms of frequencies ranging from 3 to 24 Hz. Q−1α values estimated at different frequency bands are ranged from 10.7 × 10−4 to 72.9 × 10−4, while the Q−1β values are ranged from 4.3 × 10−4 to 28.6 × 10−4. Estimates of Q−1α and Q−1β show a clear dependence on frequency. The frequency-dependent attenuation is found to be Q−1α= (19 ± 2) × 10−3f−0.8±. 1 and Q−1β= (7 ± 1) × 10−3f−0.85±. 1 for P and S waves, respectively. The ratio Q−1α/Q−1β is higher than unity in the entire analyzed frequency range. The obtained results are commonly observed in tectonically active regions characterized by high degree of heterogeneity.
Bearing capacity of strip footings on purely frictional soil under eccentric and inclined loads

The finite element method is used for the determination of the collapse load of a rigid strip footing placed on a uniform layer of purely frictional soil subjected to inclined and eccentric loading. The footing is set on the free surface of the soil mass with no surcharge applied. The soil is assumed to be elastic – perfectly plastic following the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion. Two series of analyses were performed, one using an associated flow rule and one using a nonassociated flow rule. The first series is in accordance with bearing capacity solutions currently used in shallow foundation design practice, while the second one is consistent with the dilatancy exhibited by sands in reality. Both probe-type analyses and swipe-type analyses were undertaken. Analyses for associated and nonassociated flow rules yield essentially the same trends regarding the effective width, inclination factor, and normalized vertical force – horizontal force – moment (V–H–M) failure envelope. The results show that the incli.
(4S,5R,6R)-Methyl 4-hydroxy-4,5-isopropylidenedioxy-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,2,3-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxylate

X-ray crystallography confirmed the structure of the title triazole, C11H15N3O5, formed from a single-step reaction of a sugar azide with a brominated ylid. The absolute configuration was determined by the use of d-ribose as the starting material. The six-membered ring is in a half-chair conformation. The crystal structure exists as chains of O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonded moleclues running parallel to the b axis.
POLA ASUH SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA ANAK USIA 6-24 BULAN DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA

Background:. The prevalence of stunting in DIY according to the results of the Research of Primary Health in 2010 is up to to 22.5%, while the prevalence of stunting of the children under five years old in the city of Yogyakarta reached 15.92%. Stunting that occurs in the first 2 years of life would affect the quality of the future. Stunting is strongly linked to various factors such as inadequate rearing pattern. Rearing pattern will indirectly affect nutritional status. The objective of the research : To analyze the amount of the risk of rearing pattern toward the incidence of stunting on children aged 6-24 months in the city of Yogyakarta. Research Methods: The study use an observational analytical by case control design. The object of study is children aged 6-24 months in the city of Yogyakarta. The sample size is covering 121 cases stunting children and 121 not stunting children. Data will be collected using a structured questionnaires and 24-hours recall. Data will be analyzed with chi square tests in order to examine the relationship between childcare style with the incidence of stunting and external variables with stunting. Variables that are statistically significant will be analyzed used multivariate analysis Multiple Logistic Regression. Results: The results illustrate that the bivariate analysis rearing pattern significantly associated with the incidence of stunting (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.05 to 3.92). External variable that was significantly associated with incidence of stunting is the motherâ��s height (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.08 to 4.33), birth weight (OR = 5.60, 95% CI = 2.27 -15.70) and infectious disease (OR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.29 to 4.25). Multivariate analysis analyzed the variables that pontentially causing high risk incidence of stunting are birth weight, maternal height and infectious diseases. In this regard, the relationship between parenting style with stunting incidence is not statistically significant, yet it is controlled by external variables, namely low birth weight, short maternal stature and presence of infectious diseases (OR = 1.76,95% CI = 0.91to3.42) Conclusion: In sum up the study find out there is no significant relationship between the of parenting and incidence of stunting on children aged 6-24 months in the city of Yogyakarta. Others factors that has been identified has strong contribution to the higher incidence of stunting is short maternal stature, low birth weight and the presence of infectious diseases.
Novel ETV6‐RUNX1 Mouse Model to Study the Role of ELF‐MF in Childhood B‐Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: a Pilot Study

Exposure to extremely low‐frequency magnetic fields (ELF‐MFs) has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as “possibly carcinogenic to humans,” based on limited scientific evidence concerning childhood leukemia. This assessment emphasized the lack of appropriate animal models recapitulating the natural history of this disease. Childhood B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) is the result of complex interactions between genetic susceptibility and exposure to exogenous agents. The most common chromosomal alteration is the ETV6‐RUNX1 fusion gene, which confers a low risk of developing the malignancy by originating a preleukemic clone requiring secondary hits for full‐blown disease to appear. To develop potential prophylactic interventions, we need to identify the environmental triggers of the second hit. Recently, we generated a B‐ALL mouse model of the human ETV6‐RUNX1+ preleukemic state. Here, we present the results from the ARIMMORA pilot study, obtained by exposing 34 Sca1‐ETV6‐RUNX1 mice (vs. 27 unexposed) to a 50 Hz magnetic field of 1.5 mT with both fundamental and harmonic content, with an on/off cycle of 10 min/5 min, for 20 h/day, from conception until 3 months of age. Mice were monitored until 2 years of age and peripheral blood was periodically analyzed by flow cytometry. One of the exposed mice developed B‐ALL while none of the non‐exposed did. Although the results are statistically non‐significant due to the limited number of mice used in this pilot experiment, overall, the results show that the newly developed Sca1‐ETV6‐RUNX1 mouse can be successfully used for ELF‐MF exposure studies about the etiology of childhood B‐ALL. Bioelectromagnetics. 2019;40:343–353. © 2019 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Morphological Changes Induced By Extremely Low‐Frequency Electric Fields

In this paper, morphological effects of electric fields on avian erythrocytes (nucleated red blood cells) have been studied in detail. Morphological changes include rounding and cytoplasm transparency. It has been shown that the effect is non‐thermal. Careful imaging and image analyses have been carried out to show that the degree of this effect is frequency‐dependent, and has a higher conversion rate at higher temperatures. Furthermore, to better understand the mechanisms behind the morphological changes, we investigated the dedifferentiation hypothesis and performed a series of tests on avian erythrocytes including fluorescence spectroscopy for hemoglobin, and tests on human umbilical cord blood, mesenchymal stem cells, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells including flow‐cytometry analysis for expression of certain markers and calcium staining. Bioelectromagnetics. 2019;40:375–390. © 2019 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Change vector analysis: A technique for the multispectral monitoring of land cover and condition

Change vector analysis (CVA) is a robust approach for detecting and characterizing radiometric change in multispectral remote sensing data sets. CVA is reviewed as a useful technique to: (1) process the full dimensionality of multispectral/multi-layer data so as to ensure detection of all change present in the data; (2) extract and exploit the 'components' of change in multispectral data; and (3) facilitate composition and analysis of change images. Examples drawn from various projects are included throughout this methodological discussion, in order to illustrate the CVA approach and suggest its potential utility.
N-Heterocyclic Carbene Modified Palladium Catalysts for the Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide

Heterogeneous palladium catalysts modified by N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are shown to be highly effective toward the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), in the absence of the promoters which are typically required to enhance both activity and selectivity. Catalytic evaluation in a batch regime demonstrated that through careful selection of the N-substituent of the NHC it is possible to greatly enhance catalytic performance when compared to the unmodified analogue and reach concentrations of H2O2 rivaling that obtained by state-of-the-art catalysts. The enhanced performance of the modified catalyst, which is retained upon reuse, is attributed to the ability of the NHC to electronically modify Pd speciation.
Early Mars Environments Revealed Through Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Alteration Minerals

While unstable on present-day Mars, liquid water was an important geologic agent in Mars' past. This work investigates the nature and timing of aqueous processes on ancient Mars, focusing on the earliest epoch of Mars history, the Noachian (>3.7 Gyr), and strata bearing alteration minerals. This work seeks: (1) a refined understanding of what is knowable about past aqueous conditions based on remote visible/near-infrared (VNIR) analyses of altered surfaces; (2) a greater understanding of the changing habitability potential of Mars through time and, more broadly, (3) an increased understanding of aqueous environments during the first billion years of the evolution of a terrestrial planet. Orbital data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) VNIR imaging spectrometer were used to identify key minerals and characteristic mineral assemblages, including hydrated silicates and carbonates. Coupling mineral identifications with high resolution morphology to assess stratigraphic relationships allows constraining past environmental conditions. The findings herein point to temporally and spatially variable settings of aqueous alteration on ancient Mars, including lacustrine, near-surface leaching, and subsurface hydrothermal environments. This diversity indicates multiple potentially habitable environments early in Mars history. Terrestrial field and laboratory investigations of mineralogic determinations derived from VNIR spectroscopy versus other techniques show that (1) infrared spectroscopy correctly characterizes the mineralogy of rocks from Mars-analogue weathering and hydrothermal systems in Iceland and (2) quantitative abundances for simple mixtures of smectite clays with mafic minerals can be successfully estimated with Hapke and Shkuratov radiative transfer models in well-controlled laboratory settings. Presently employed VNIR quantitative analyses techniques are, however, challenged by multi-component mixtures with complex textures or multiple grain sizes. Qualitative remote VNIR mineralogic analyses can be used synergistically with ground-based analytical techniques such as microscopic imaging, x-ray diffraction and geochemical analyses to elucidate further details of alteration mineral formation conditions. The multiple environments of aqueous alteration revealed through VNIR study of Mars' ancient rocks represent key targets for future exploration.