Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between occupations and asbestosfibre content of the lungs in patients with pleural mesothelioma, lung cancer, and other diseases

Whitwell, F. , Scott, Jean, and Grimshaw, Myra (1977). Thorax, 32, 377-386. Relationship between occupations and asbestos-fibre content of the lungs in patients with pleural mesothelioma, lung cancer, and other diseases. The light-visible asbestos-fibre content of 300 lung specimens has been measured using a potash-digestion and phase-contrast microscopy technique, and the results have been correlated with the occupations of the patients. Among 100 pleural mesothelioma specimens were 88 where the patients had been exposed to asbestos, and in 73 of these (83%) the lung tissue contained over 100 000 asbestos fibres per gram of dried lung, and only one specimen showed less than 20 000 fibres per gram. When asbestosis was present, the lungs nearly always showed over 3 million fibres per gram. In 100 control lungs (those without industrial disease or lung cancer) there were less than 20 000 fibres per gram of dried lung in 71% of specimens. Lungs from 100 patients with lung cancer but no industrial disease contained less than 20 000 fibres per gram of dried lung in 80% of cases. Patients with parietal pleural plaques nearly all had over 20 000 fibres per gram in their lungs. The number of asbestos fibres found in the lungs was closely related to the occupations of the patients but not to their home environment. Patients who had lived near likely sources of atmospheric asbestos pollution did not have higher asbestos fibre counts than the rest of the patients. It is concluded that there is a definite dose relationship between asbestos exposure and mesothelioma formation but that' `sub-asbestosis' levels of asbestos exposure do not contribute to the formation of lung cancer in those not subjected to industrial asbestos exposure.
Local circuitry of identified projection neurons in cat visual cortex brain slices

The relationship between pyramidal cell morphology and efferent target was investigated in layer 6 of cat primary visual cortex (area 17). Layer 6 has 2 projections, one to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and another to the visual claustrum. The cells of origin of each projection were identified by retrograde transport of fluorescent latex microspheres. The labeled cells were visualized in brain slices prepared from area 17, using an epifluorescence compound microscope modified for intracellular recording. Individual retrogradely labeled cells were penetrated and intracellularly stained with Lucifer yellow to visualize the patterns of axons and dendrites associated with each projection. The neurons that give rise to the 2 projections had very different patterns of dendrites and local axonal collaterals, but the patterns within each group were highly stereotyped. The differences between their axonal collaterals were particularly dramatic. Claustrum projecting cells had fine, horizontally directed collaterals that arborized exclusively in layer 6 and lower layer 5. Most LGN projecting cells had virtually no horizontal arborization in layer 6. Instead, they sent widespread collaterals vertically, which arborized extensively in layer 4. The apical dendrites of the 2 groups also differed markedly. Claustrum projecting cells had apical dendrites reaching to layer 1, with branches in layer 5 only, while LGN projecting cells never had an apical dendrite reaching higher than layer 3, with side branches in layers 5 and 4. Therefore, each efferent target must receive inputs from neurons whose synaptic connections within area 17 are significantly different from those of neurons projecting to other targets. This further suggests that distinct visual response properties should be associated with each projection. In addition to the claustrum and LGN projecting cells, about 20% of layer 6 pyramidal neurons lacked an efferent axon. Morphologically, most resembled LGN projecting neurons, but a few had characteristics of claustrum projecting cells. These neurons may represent cells that either failed to make an efferent connection or cells that lost an efferent axon during development. Their frequency suggests that such intrinsic, presumably excitatory, neurons may play a significant role in cortical processing.
Computational Methods for Orbit Closures in a Representation with Finitely Many Orbits

The action of on has finitely many orbits. Kraśkiewicz and Weyman give a conjectural description of the minimal free resolution of the coordinate ring for certain orbit closures in . We verify their conjecture by constructing their complexes explicitly in Macaulay2 and checking that they are exact. We also construct equations for all the orbit closures and verify that they generate radical ideals.
Fluctuation of intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients before and after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C

Purpose Intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuation is considered as a risk factor for glaucoma progression. We investigated IOP values and IOP fluctuation before and after trabeculectomy (TE) with mitomycin C (MMC) measured by 48-hour diurnal-nocturnal-IOP-profiles (DNP). Methods Pre- and postoperative DNPs of 92 eyes undergoing primary TE with MMC were analysed. Each 48-hour IOP-profile involved 10 IOP measurements (8:00 a.m., 2:00 p.m., 6:00 p.m., and 9:00 p.m. in sitting and at 00:00 in supine position). The “preoperative DNP” was performed a few weeks before TE. The “postoperative DNP” was performed at least six months (range: 6 months—2 years) after TE. Mean IOP values and IOP fluctuations were calculated. Results After TE with MMC mean IOP was reduced from 16.94±3.83 to 11.26±3.77 mmHg at daytime and from 18.17±4.26 to 11.76±3.90 mmHg at night. At daytime mean IOP-fluctuation decreased from 8.61±4.19 to 4.92±2.52 mmHg, at night from 3.15±2.95 to 1.99±1.82 mmHg. Mean IOP was lower on the second day of the preoperative DNP. This effect was not present in the postoperative DNP. Preoperatively, IOP was controlled in all eyes with a mean of 3.22±0.94 antiglaucomatous agents. Postoperatively, IOP≤15 mmHg was achieved in 71.7%, IOP≤18 mmHg in 77.1% and a decrease in IOP of >30% in 47.8% without antiglaucomatous therapy. Postoperatively, pseudophakia was associated by a higher mean IOP-fluctuation compared to the phakic eyes. Conclusions TE with MMC significantly reduces both mean IOP-values and IOP- fluctuations at day and night at least 6 months postoperatively. The effect of TE on the IOP fluctuation was less pronounced in pseudophakic eyes.
Controlled PuO/sub 2/ particle size from Pu(III) oxalate precipitation

PuO/sub 2/ with reproducible particle size and morphology can be produced by controlling precipitation variables affecting the initial supersaturation and final solubility of plutonium oxalate. Such feed powders with constant characteristics are essential for reproducible fabrication response and controlled microstructures in the manufacture of /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ heat sources. Calcination does not change the morphology or shape of the size distribution of the PuO/sub 2/ particles from that of the precipitated Pu(III) hydrated oxalate. For a given precipitation method, the size and morphology of the Pu(III) oxalate are determined by precipitation temperature, nitric acid concentration, plutonium concentration, and oxalate ion concentration. Functional relationships of these variables were developed to control and predetermine the size, extent of agglomeration, and dimensions of the PuO/sub 2/ particles over the range of these variables for PuO/sub 2/ production. This report describes statistically designed factorial experiments and characterization of PuO/sub 2/ by Coulter counter and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These control factors were applied successfully in full-scale production.
Lipid molecular shape affects erythrocyte morphology: a study involving replacement of native phosphatidylcholine with different species followed by treatment of cells with sphingomyelinase C or phospholipase A2

In a previous report it was shown that the replacement of native erythrocyte phosphatidylcholine (PC) with different PC species which have defined acyl chain compositions can lead to morphological changes (Kuypers, F.A., W. Berendsen, B. Roelofsen, J. A. F. Op den Kamp, and L.L.M. van Deenen, 1984, J. Cell Biol., 99:2260-2267). It was proposed that differences in molecular shape between the introduced PC species and normal erythrocyte PC caused the membrane to bend outwards or inwards, depending on the shape of the PC exchanged. To support this proposal, two requirements would have to be fulfilled: the exchange reaction would take place only with the outer lipid monolayer of the erythrocyte, and the extent of lipid transbilayer movement would be restricted. If this theory is correct, any treatment causing unilateral changes in lipid molecular shape should lead to predictable morphological changes. Since this hypothesis is a refinement of the coupled bilayer hypothesis, but so far lacks experimental support, we have sought other means to change lipid molecular shape unilaterally. Shape changes of human erythrocytes were induced by the replacement of native PC by various PC species using a phosphatidylcholine-specific transfer protein: by hydrolysis of phospholipids in intact cells using sphingomyelinase C or phospholipase A2, and by the combination of both procedures. The morphological changes were predictable; additive when both treatments were applied, and explicable on the basis of the geometry of the lipid molecules involved. The results strongly support the notion that lipid molecular shape affects erythrocyte morphology.
An Approach to Tune PID Fuzzy Logic Controllers Based on Reinforcement Learning

In the traditional control theory, an appropriate controller is designed based on a mathematical model of the plant under the assumption that the model provides a complete and accurate characterization of the plant. However, in some practical problems, the mathematical models of plants are difficult or time-consuming to be obtained because the plants are inherently nonlinear and/or exhibit uncertainty. Thus, new methods are proposed to process these caracteristics [1]. In recent years, increased efforts have been centered on developing intelligent control systems that can perform effectively in real-time. These include the development of non-analytical methods of Artificial Intelligence (AI) such as neural networks, fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms [1] but their combinations are also introduced such as Neuro-Fuzzy and Genetic-Fuzzy techniques [2], [3]. Fuzzy logic is a mathematical approach which has the ability to express the ambiguity of human thinking and translate expert knowledge into computable numerical data. It has been shown that fuzzy logic based modeling and control could serve as a powerful methodology for dealing with imprecision and non-linearity efficiently [4]. Also, for real-time applications, its relatively low computational complexity makes it a good candidate.Therefore, fuzzy logic control has emerged as one of the most successful nonlinear control techniques. Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLC) are based on if – then rules integrating the valuable experiences of human. These rules use linguistic terms to describe systems. The mechanism of a FLC is that the uncertainty is represented by fuzzy sets and an action is generated co-operatively by several rules that are triggered to some degree, and produce smooth and robust control outputs. Recently, many authors proved that it is possible to reproduce the operation of any standard continuous controller using fuzzy controller [5] [8]. Fuzzy logic controllers has shown good performances on the controlling of the complex, illdefined and uncertain systems [9] and are being used siccessfully in many application areas such as mobile robots, subway system, nuclear reactor control and automobile transmission control, etc . During the building of the FLC, the important tasks are the structure identification and parameters tuning [10]. The structure identification of the FLC includes the input-output variables of a controller, the rule base, the determination of the number of rules, the O pe n A cc es s D at ab as e w w w . ite ch on lin e. co m
Labelled network motifs reveal stylistic subtleties in written texts

The vast amount of data and increase of computational capacity have allowed the analysis of texts from several perspectives, including the representation of texts as complex networks. Nodes of the network represent the words, and edges represent some relationship, usually word co-occurrence. Even though networked representations have been applied to study some tasks, such approaches are not usually combined with traditional models relying upon statistical paradigms. Because networked models are able to grasp textual patterns, we devised a hybrid classifier, called \emph{labelled motifs}, that combines the frequency of common words with small structures found in the topology of the network, known as motifs. Our approach is illustrated in two contexts, authorship attribution and translationese identification. In the former, a set of novels written by different authors is analyzed. To identify translationese, texts from the Canadian Hansard and the European parliament were classified as to original and translated instances. Our results suggest that labelled motifs are able to represent texts and it should be further explored in other tasks, such as the analysis of text complexity, language proficiency, and machine translation.
Object transport by modular robots that self-assemble

We present a first attempt to accomplish a simple object manipulation task using the self-reconfigurable robotic system swarm-bot. The number of modular entities involved, their global shape or size and their internal structure are not pre-determined, but result from a self-organized process in which the modules autonomously grasp each other and/or an object. The modules are autonomous in perception, control, action, and power. We present quantitative results, obtained with six physical modules, that confirm the utility of self-assembling robots in a concrete task
SEVA: sensor-enhanced video annotation

In this paper, we study how a sensor-rich world can be exploited by digital recording devices such as cameras and camcorders to improve a user's ability to search through a large repository of image and video files. We design and implement a digital recording system that records identities and locations of objects (as advertised by their sensors) along with visual images (as recorded by a camera). The process, which we refer to as sensor-enhanced video annotation (SEVA), combines a series of correlation, interpolation, and extrapolation techniques. It produces a tagged stream that later can be used to efficiently search for videos or frames containing particular objects or people. We present detailed experiments with a prototype of our system using both stationary and mobile objects as well as GPS and ultrasound. Our experiments show that: (i) SEVA has zero error rates for static objects, except very close to the boundary of the viewable area; (ii) for moving objects or a moving camera, SEVA only misses objects leaving or entering the viewable area by 1-2 frames; (iii) SEVA can scale to 10 fast moving objects using current sensor technology; and (iv) SEVA runs online using relatively inexpensive hardware.
ABL: Alignment-Based Learning

This paper introduces a new type of grammar learning algorithm, inspired by string edit distance (Wagner and Fischer, 1974). The algorithm takes a corpus of flat sentences as input and returns a corpus of labelled, bracketed sentences. The method works on pairs of unstructured sentences that have one or more words in common. When two sentences are divided into parts that are the same in both sentences and parts that are different, this information is used to find parts that are interchangeable. These parts are taken as possible constituents of the same type. After this alignment learning step, the selection learning step selects the most probable constituents from all possible constituents.This method was used to bootstrap structure on the ATIS corpus (Marcus et. al., 1993) and on the OVIS! corpus (Bonnema et al., 1997). While the results are encouraging (we obtained up to 89.25% non-crossing brackets precision), this paper will point out some of the shortcomings of our approach and will suggest possible solutions.
[Anticancer effects of tea polyphenols on colorectal cancer with microsatellite instability in nude mice].

OBJECTIVE To study the anticancer effects of tea polyphenols on colorectal cancer with microsatellite instability (MSI) in nude mice and to explore its mechanism. METHODS A colostomy was performed on the caecum of nude mice. Tumor fragments collected from the subcutaneous tumor of hMSH2-absence colon carcinoma Lovo cell line were surgically implanted onto the submucosa of the caecum during colostomy to establish the model. Then, the nude mice were divided into untreated group and 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg tea polyphenols groups. The mice in tea polyphenols-treated groups were given intra-abdominal injection of 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg tea polyphenols respectively. The inhibition rates of tumors were calculated, and microsatellite instability (MSI) and the alteration of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), TGF-beta2 and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) were detected by Genescan method at different times after the injection. RESULTS The tumor volumes of the three groups began to decrease at the 1st week and decreased most greatly from 2 to 3 weeks after treatment, and then the tumors tended to increase. The study found that tea polyphenols could inhibit the tumor growth. The tumor inhibition rates in the three treated groups were significantly higher than those in untreated group 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after treatment (P<0.01). Detection of MSI showed that the colorectal tumor in the untreated group presented with four MSI signs, including BAT-25, D2S123, D5S346 and D17S250, and TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, IGF expressions. After using the tea polyphenols, the microsatellite tended to become stable. CONCLUSION Tea polyphenols can inhibit the mismatch-repair-gene deficient colorectal cancer in nude mice by down-regulating the microsatellite instability.
A Mid-Infrared Study of the Young Stellar Population in the NGC 2024 Cluster

We present the results of the first broadband N (10.8 μm) survey of the NGC 2024 cluster. The mid-infrared data were combined with our previously published JHKL photometry to construct spectral energy distributions for all detected sources. The main scientific goals were to investigate the nature of the young stellar objects (YSOs) in the cluster and to examine the efficiency of detecting circumstellar disk sources from near-infrared JHKL color-color diagrams. Out of 59 sources surveyed having K-band (2.2 μm) magnitudes mK ≤ 10.5, we detected 35 (∼59%) at 10 μm. Combining these detections and upper limits for the nondetections with existing JHKL data, we identify one Class I, six flat-spectrum, 28 Class II, and five Class III sources. We find a circumstellar disk fraction for NGC 2024 of ∼85% ± 15%, which confirms earlier published suggestions that the majority, if not all, of the stars in the NGC 2024 cluster formed with disks, and these disks still exist at the present time. In addition, all but one of the disk sources identified in our survey lie in the infrared-excess region of the JHKL color-color diagram for the NGC 2024 cluster. This demonstrates that JHKL color-color diagrams are extremely efficient in identifying YSOs with circumstellar disks. Of the 14 sources in our survey with K-L colors suggestive of protostellar objects, ∼29% are protostellar in nature, while ∼7% are true Class I sources. This may be due to extinction producing very red K-L colors in Class II YSOs, thus making them appear similar in color to protostars. This suggests that caution must be applied when estimating the sizes and lifetimes of protostellar populations within star-forming regions based on K-L colors alone. A comparison of the ratio of the number of Class I and flat-spectrum sources to the number of Class II and III sources in NGC 2024, ρ Oph, and Taurus-Auriga indicates that NGC 2024 and ρ Oph have similar ages, while Taurus-Auriga is an older region of star formation, consistent with published T Tauri star ages in each region. Finally, we calculate the luminosities of the Class II sources in NGC 2024, ρ Oph, and Taurus and discuss the results.
Involvement of the Fibroblast Growth Factor System in Adaptive and Chemokine-Induced Arteriogenesis

Abstract— Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have been applied in a variety of therapeutic and experimental studies to improve collateral blood flow. However, the pathophysiological role and the temporospatial expression of the FGFs and their receptors during arteriogenesis have never been elucidated in vivo. Here, we report that collateral artery growth in its early phase is associated with an increased expression of FGF receptor-1 (FGFR-1) and syndecan-4 on mRNA and protein levels as well as with an increased kinase activity of FGFR-1 in a rabbit model of arteriogenesis. However, the mRNA levels of FGF-1 and -2 remained constant. Our data suggest that these growth factors are supplied by endothelial attracted monocytes that, in turn, produce and deliver the FGFs to growing collateral arteries. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-stimulated arteriogenesis was strongly reduced in rabbits by application of the FGF inhibitor polyanetholesulfonic acid, indicating that the monocyte-related arteriogenesis (as well as the unstimulated adaptation proper) is promoted by FGFs. In summary, this study shows that arteriogenesis is associated with an increased expression of the FGFRs at the site of the vessel, whereas the growth-promoting ligands are supplied by monocytes in a paracrine way.
Efficient camera-based pose estimation for real-time applications

Accurate online localization is crucial for mobile robotics. In this paper, we describe a real-time image-based localization technique, which is based on a single calibrated camera. This can be supported by a second camera to improve accuracy and to provide the correct translational scale. Our goal is a robust and unbiased pose estimation in highly dynamic scenes on resource-limited systems. The presented approach is characterized through significantly improved robustness of the pose estimation, a novel approach for stereo subpixel accurate landmark initialization, and the speed-up of conventional tracking routines to achieve online capability. Although the algorithm is designed for accurate, online short-range egomotion estimation in hand-held scanning devices, it can be used for any mobile robot application as shown in this paper. Various tests and experimental results with a mobile platform and a hand-held 3D modeler are presented and discussed.
Effects of epoxy resin contents on the rheological properties of epoxy‐asphalt blends

Epoxy-asphalt and its mixture have been proposed for the long span orthotropic steel deck bridges because it shows excellent heat resistance, free from bleeding, low temperature cracking resistance, and aggregate scattering resistance. In this study, the effects of epoxy resin contents on rheological properties of epoxy-asphalt binders were studied using dynamic shear rheometer. Experimental results indicated that the improvement of the viscoelastic performance of asphalt binder is noticeable at high temperatures, at which the elasticity is increased (higher G* and lower δ) for epoxy-asphalt with increase in epoxy resin contents. The viscous behavior of the asphalt also increased when epoxy resin is added. Creep test results indicated that epoxy-asphalt binder can not only resist deformation at elevated temperatures but recover satisfactorily from strain. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010