Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patient and public involvement in clinical treatment guideline development and implementation: Learning from mental health service users in the UK

The participation of patients and the public in the development of clinical treatment guidelines is increasingly valued in international guideline programmes. This paper extends the findings of Harding et al. (2010) exploration of the views of service users of mental health resources who participated in NICE guideline development groups developing UK clinical treatment guidelines for mental health related disorders. In this research, service users reported not unduly obstructed by some of the concerns raised about their involvement as lay members, influencing the relevance of recommendations to the individual consumer of the service, and grappling with the opaque nature of
The compound effects of water and fertilizer on yield and quality of tomato under drip irrigation

Using orthogonal design,the study aims to investigate the effects of irrigation and fertilization on yield and quality of tomato under drip irrigation. The optimal practices of irrigation and fertilization were proposed according to the established model of regression relationship between water and fertilizer amounts and yield as well as score of quality. The quality was graded with analytic hierarchy process(AHP). The result showed that the established model fitted well and can be used to analyze the effects of irrigation and fertilization on yield and quality. Impact of water on the yield and quality was different from that of fertilizer. In the yield model,coefficient of irrigation(0. 78,X1),was greater than that of fertilization(0. 35,X2),showing a larger influence of water on yield than that of fertilizer. In the quality model,coefficient of fertilization(0. 22,X2) was greater than that of irrigation(0. 14,X1),indicating a larger influence of fertilizer on quality than that of water. The yield and quality of tomato declined in low or high level of water and fertilizer,so the amount of irrigation water and fertilizer must be managed reasonably. Taking yield and quality into consideration,the optimum amount of irrigation water was 2 803. 36 ~ 3 420. 93 m3·hm-2,and fertilizer amount was 286. 01 ~334. 78 kg·hm-2,P2O5143. 00 ~167. 39 kg·hm-2,and K2 O 286. 01 ~334. 78 kg·hm-2.
TAPHONOMIC VARIANCE BETWEEN MARATTIALEAN FERNS AND MEDULLOSAN SEED FERNS IN THE CARBONIFEROUS MAZON CREEK LAGERSTÄTTE, ILLINOIS, USA

Abstract Marattialean ferns and medullosan seed ferns are two dominant groups in late Carboniferous lowland tropical floras. Differences in their foliage suggest that some seed ferns may have had a higher preservation potential when compared to marattialean ferns. Should this be accurate, it would suggest that when the two groups are found together, marattialean ferns would be better preserved and potentially better represented than seed ferns. Such taphonomic biases would have direct implications for evaluating plant diversity in deep time. To evaluate this hypothesis, we analyzed more than 880 fern and seed fern fossils encased in siderite (FeCO3) concretions from the ~ 308 Ma Mazon Creek Lagerstätte to test if seed fern foliage is better preserved than fern foliage with respect to taxonomic information. For comparative purposes, we conducted a series of decay experiments on two modern ferns and a cycad (the last providing a seed fern analogue) for 160 days. Despite anatomical and compositional differences, fossil analyses demonstrate that ferns and seed ferns are equally well preserved in the Mazon Creek Lagerstätte with respect to venation, which represents one of the most important taxonomic characters of the flora. The decay experiments support this conclusion: despite having a more robust leaf, cycad leaves decayed at a similar rate to the thinner, more hypothetically fragile ferns. Together, our results indicate that our ability to discriminate within and between ferns and seed ferns is not biased by differential preservation in the Mazon Creek flora.
The Extratropical Signal Generated by a Midlatitude SST Anomaly. Part II: Influence on Seasonal Forecasts

A simple GCM based on a primitive equation model with empirically derived time-independent forcing is used to make forecasts in the extended to seasonal range. The results are analyzed in terms of the response to a midlatitude Pacific sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA), represented here by a heating perturbation. A set of 90-day, 30-member ensemble forecasts is made with 54 widely differing initial conditions, both with and without the SSTA. The development of the response, defined as the difference between ensemble means, is split into three 30-day averages: month 1, month 2, and month 3. During month 1, ensemble members separate, and the local response and remote teleconnections are established. The local response is not very sensitive to the initial condition. In month 2, the extended range, the responses are relatively strong and vary greatly from one initial condition to another. However, a linear analysis reveals that large variations in the response do not correlate strongly with large variations in the initial condition. The initial perturbations required to generate the observed variations in the response are relatively small, and may be difficult to isolate in a real forecasting situation. In month 3, the seasonal range, variations between responses are much smaller. The initial condition loses its influence and the responses all start to resemble the equilibrium response discussed in Part I.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Multilingual training of deep neural networks

We investigate multilingual modeling in the context of a deep neural network (DNN) – hidden Markov model (HMM) hybrid, where the DNN outputs are used as the HMM state like-lihoods. By viewing neural networks as a cascade of feature extractors followed by a logistic regression classiﬁer, we hypothesise that the hidden layers, which act as feature ex-tractors, will be transferable between languages. As a corollary, we propose that training the hidden layers on multiple languages makes them more suitable for such cross-lingual transfer. We experimentally conﬁrm these hypotheses on the GlobalPhone corpus using seven languages from three different language families: Germanic, Romance, and Slavic. The experiments demonstrate substantial improvements over a monolingual DNN-HMM hybrid baseline, and hint at avenues of further exploration.
Edinburgh Research Explorer DNN Multimodal Fusion Techniques for Predicting Video Sentiment

We present our work on sentiment prediction using the benchmark MOSI dataset from the CMU-MultimodalDataSDK. Previous work on multimodal sentiment analysis have been focused on input-level feature fusion or decision-level fusion for multimodal fusion. Here, we propose an intermediate-level feature fusion, which merges weights from each modality (audio, video, and text) during training with subsequent additional training. Moreover, we tested principle component analysis (PCA) for feature selection. We found that applying PCA increases unimodal performance, and multimodal fusion outperforms unimodal models. Our experiments show that our proposed intermediate-level feature fusion outperforms other fusion techniques, and it achieves the best performance with an overall binary accuracy of 74.0% on video+text modalities. Our work also improves feature selection for unimodal sentiment analysis, while proposing a novel and effective multi-modal fusion architecture for this task.
Medicinal Chemistry Research

Synthesis and biological evaluation of some functionalized 1H-1,2,3-triazole tethered pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6(7H)-ones as antimicrobial and apoptosis inducing agents Abstract A series of novel molecular hybrids containing pyrazole, pyridinone and 1,2,3-triazoles have been synthesized by one-pot four-component reaction of Meldrum's acid, substituted aryl azides, 4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)aryl aldehyde and 3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine using L-proline as a basic organocatalyst besides CuSO 4 . 5H 2 O and sodium ascorbate as catalysts for click chemistry in PEG-400 as a highly efficient and green media. Apoptosis studies have been carried out on ovarian follicles of goat (Capra hircus) and in vitro antibacterial activity has been done against six strains namely Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antifungal activity against two yeast strains namely, Can-dida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Degradation Of The Flood Control Function Based Community Participation The Role Of Government And Stakeholders Towards Non Structural Flood Control Makassar City The Role Of Government And Stakeholders Toward Maximum Flood Control Function

The rapid development of the city can indirectly affect land use changes that affect the utilization of space irregularity which in turn can cause problems to the decline in the quality of infrastructure services, particularly flood control infrastructure.This study is a descriptive research study was conducted to determine the relationship the role of government and stakeholders as a latent variable to the maximum flood control function in Makassar. By reviewing and analyzing the role of government and stakeholders on the performance of flood control through SEM modeling the relationship between variables can be understood. The result of this study will illustrate the extent of the role of government and stakeholders, the maximum effect on the function of flood control. Therefore, this study is expected to produce overview of how the role of government and stakeholders as an input in the policy making process, especially in urban flood management in non structural. became a public issue today is the change in land use that is often not in the manner intended . Residential density as the cause of the closing of the land , erosion and sedimentation that occurs in many urban areas . Handling the drainage system in the city of Makassar has not been addressed in an integrated manner by all parties . In a few places to start planning the construction of drainage did not show lack of coordination and involvement of the public and stakeholders . Behavioral and cultural attitudes that often throw garbage in the channel is a problem of the problem in urban flood management . Flood control functions built physically ( structure ) is a government effort to overcome or minimize the risk of losses due to flood society . However, the government should play a role in providing a space for people to participate in order to flood prevention
Edinburgh Research Explorer Learning musical pitch structures with hierarchical hidden Markov models

In this paper we attempt to demonstrate the strengths of Hierarchical Hidden Markov Models (HHMMs) in the representation and modelling of musical structures. We show how relatively simple HHMMs, containing a minimum of expert knowledge, use their advantage of having multiple layers to perform well on tasks where ﬂat Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) struggle. The examples in this paper show a HHMM’s performance at extracting higher-level musical properties through the construction of simple pitch sequences, correctly representing the data set on which it was trained.
On Q-functional Equations and Excursion Moments

We analyse q-functional equations arising from tree-like combinatorial structures, which are counted by size, internal path length and certain generalisations thereof. The corresponding counting parameters are labelled by an integer k > 1. We show the existence of a joint limit distribution for these parameters in the limit of infinite size, if the size generating function has a square root as dominant singularity. The limit distribution coincides with that of integrals of (k − 1)th powers of the standard Brownian excursion. Our method yields a recursion for the moments of the joint distribution and admits an extension to other types of singularities.
Convergence of Adaptive Finite Element Methods

Title of dissertation: CONVERGENCE OF ADAPTIVE FINITE ELEMENT METHODS Khamron Mekchay, Doctor of Philosophy, 2005 Dissertation directed by: Professor Ricardo H. Nochetto Department of Mathematics We develop adaptive finite element methods (AFEMs) for elliptic problems, and prove their convergence, based on ideas introduced by Dörfler [7], and Morin, Nochetto, and Siebert [15, 16]. We first study an AFEM for general second order linear elliptic PDEs, thereby extending the results of Morin et al [15, 16] that are valid for the Laplace operator. The proof of convergence relies on quasi-orthogonality, which accounts for the bilinear form not being a scalar product, together with novel error and oscillation reduction estimates, which now do not decouple. We show that AFEM is a contraction for the sum of energy error plus oscillation. Numerical experiments, including oscillatory coefficients and both coercive and non-coercive convection-diffusion PDEs, illustrate the theory and yield optimal meshes. The role of oscillation control is now more crucial than in [15, 16] and is discussed and documented in the experiments. We next introduce an AFEM for the Laplace-Beltrami operator on C graphs in R (d ≥ 2). We first derive a posteriori error estimates that account for both the energy error in H and the geometric error in W 1 ∞ due to approximation of the surface by a polyhedral one. We devise a marking strategy to reduce the energy and geometric errors as well as the geometric oscillation. We prove that AFEM is a contraction on a suitably scaled sum of these three quantities as soon as the geometric oscillation has been reduced beyond a threshold. The resulting AFEM converges without knowing such threshold or any constants, and starting from any coarse initial triangulation. Several numerical experiments illustrate the theory. Finally, we introduce and analyze an AFEM for the Laplace-Beltrami operator on parametric surfaces, thereby extending the results for graphs. Note that, due to the nature of parametric surfaces, the geometric oscillation is now measured in terms of the differences of tangential gradients rather than differences of normals as for graphs. Numerical experiments with closed surfaces are provided to illustrate the theory. CONVERGENCE OF ADAPTIVE FINITE ELEMENT METHODS
The spatial aspects and regularities of multiple interregional migration within Canada: evidence and implications.

An analysis of repeat migration among the 44 economic regions of Canada is presented for the period 1969-1971. Specifically the authors attempt to analyze the spatial variability of rates of different types of multiple migration and to speculate upon the implications of revealed regularities for the modeling of migration behavior. (ANNOTATION)
JP1.29 FORECASTING C−G LIGHTNING POTENTIAL AT WSMR

The primary goal of this study is to show that the use of storm and boundary layer characteristics can be used to decrease the false alarm rate (FAR) while maintaining similar probability of detections (POD) and lead times for forecasting cloud to ground (C−G) lightning potential. During the summer months, one of the primary roles of forecasters at White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) is to monitor convective activity and warn personnel working on the range of any associated danger, including that from C−G lightning. From an operational standpoint, the onset and dissipation of lightning activity are important for ensuring the safety of personnel working on the range.
RESGATE DE MUDAS DE Lychnophora pohlii COMO ALTERNATIVA PARA RECUPERAÇÃO E CONSERVAÇÃO DE CAMPO RUPESTRE

Abstract The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of rescued plant size and levels of reduction in leaf survival, growth, and insertion of leaves in seedlings of Arnica obtained via salvage in a remnant of Campo Rupestre. We rescued 240 individuals and these were divided into two classes’ height (Class I - 2.5 to 20 cm and Class II - 25 - 55 cm) and subjected to three levels of reduction leaf (0%, 50% and 100%). The measurements of height and diameter and new leaves emission were collected at nine times (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120), and evaluation of survival at 120 days. The average survival rate was 49.2%, higher in Class I and had no significant difference regarding the three types of leaf reduction. The emission sheet was higher in subjects experiencing a leaf reduction observing a decrease over time, unlike the seedling with 0% reduction, which increased linearly. Therefore, it is advisable a size between 2.5 and 20 cm for the rescue of arnica seedling plant, without leaf reduction.
Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web

While recent progress has been achieved in understanding the structure and dynamics of social tagging systems, we know little about the underlying user motivations for tagging, and how they influence resulting folksonomies and tags. This paper addresses three issues related to this question. (1) What distinctions of user motivations are identified by previous research, and in what ways are the motivations of users amenable to quantitative analysis? (2) To what extent does tagging motivation vary across different social tagging systems? (3) How does variability in user motivation influence resulting tags and folksonomies? In this paper, we present measures to detect whether a tagger is primarily motivated by categorizing or describing resources, and apply these measures to datasets from seven different tagging systems. Our results show that (a) users’ motivation for tagging varies not only across, but also within tagging systems, and that (b) tag agreement among users who are motivated by categorizing resources is significantly lower than among users who are motivated by describing resources . Our findings are relevant for (1) the development of tag-based user interfaces, (2) the analysis of tag semantics and (3) the design of search algorithms for social tagging systems.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Induce Ferroptosis through Inhibition of AKT/FTH1 Signaling in Ewing Sarcoma Tumor Cells

Simple Summary Ewing sarcoma (ES) is one of the most common kinds of cancer in youngsters, and ES relapse after therapy treatment remains a problem. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs; EC 4.2.1.1) have emerged as interesting molecular targets for the development of anticancer medicines as a fundamental regulator of cellular homeostasis. In this investigation, we used the commercially available acetazolamide and previously found CA inhibitors to target the CAII isoform, which was overexpressed and positively linked with relapse in ES patients. We detected that CAII inhibitors can trigger ferroptosis in ES cells by downregulating FTH1 and increasing cathepsin B expression, inhibit cell growth, limit invasion, and trigger apoptosis or autophagy-related cell death. The findings imply that cytosolic CAII may be a promising target for ES therapy, and CAII inhibitors may be useful as single-agent or combination antitumor therapies in the treatment of ES. Abstract Ewing sarcoma (ES) is one of the most frequent types of malignant tumors among children. The active metabolic state of ES cells presents a new potential target for therapeutic interventions. As a primary regulator of cellular homeostasis, carbonic anhydrases (CAs; EC 4.2.1.1) have emerged as promising molecular targets for the development of anticancer drugs. Within the present study, we tested the commercial drug acetazolamide and our previously discovered inhibitors to target the CAII isoform, which was overexpressed and positively correlated with ES patient relapse. We employed molecular biology tests to identify effective inhibitors of CAII that can induce ferroptosis by downregulating FTH1 expression in ES cells. In vitro, we have also demonstrated their ability to reduce cell proliferation, decrease invasion, and induce apoptosis- or autophagy-related cell death. Using Western blotting, we confirmed the induction of cathepsin B in cells treated with CA inhibitors. It was found that the suppression of cathepsin B expression during the treatment reduces the anticancer efficacy of selected CAII inhibitors. These experiments highlighted profound antitumor activity of CAII inhibitors attributive to their remarkable ability to trigger ferroptosis in Ewing sarcoma cells without causing substantial host damage. The obtained results suggest that cytosolic CAII may be a prospective target for ES treatment, and CAII inhibitors can be considered as potential single-agent or combination antitumor agents to be used in the treatment of ES.
Cosolvent Eﬀects on the Growth of Protein Aggregates Formed by a Single Domain Globular Protein and an Intrinsically Disordered Protein

Cosolvents modulate the stability of protein conformations and exhibit contrasting eﬀects on the kinetics of aggregation by globular proteins and intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). The growth of ordered protein aggregates, after the initial nucleation step is believed to proceed through a dock-lock mechanism. We have studied the effect of two denaturants (guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) and urea) and four protective osmolytes (trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), sucrose, sarcosine, and sorbitol) on the free energy surface (FES) of the dock-lock growth step of protein aggregation using a coarse-grained protein model and metadynamics simulations. We have used the proteins cSrc-SH3 and Aβ 9 − 40 as model systems representing globular proteins and IDPs, respectively. The eﬀect of cosolvents on protein conformations is taken into account using the molecular transfer model (MTM). The computed FES shows that protective osmolytes stabilize the compact aggregates, while denaturants destabilize them for
Study of Biomass-Fuelled CHP Systems based on Organic Rankine Cycle

The great potential market of biomass energy in China was analyzed,the review of various types of biomass-fuelled Combined Heat and Power(CHP) systems were compared.And the ORC-based biomass-fuelled CHP systems were advanced.Then the application of the waste heat and cold energy recovery using the ORC in the near future were discussed.
Measuring the Effects of Cognitive Stress and Relaxation Using a Wearable Smart Ring

Prolonged stress is known to be a risk factor for various kinds of diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases. If stress could be easily measured, it would enable monitoring of stress and help people make better choices to achieve a healthier lifestyle. In this study, a polysomnography system as well as a wearable smart ring were used to measure the responses of central and autonomic nervous systems from ten healthy test subjects (five male and five female), aged 23-26. The responses were measured in two conditions: cognitive stress induced by a mental calculation task and relaxation induced by a focused attention meditation exercise. Power spectral densities of two electroencephalography frequency bands, alpha and beta, were calculated to represent the central nervous system response. The autonomic nervous system response was measured using heart rate, heart rate variability and peripheral (finger) temperature. In cognitive stress, alpha and beta bands both showed higher activity, increasing by 53.26 % and 94.70 %, respectively. Heart rate also increased by 19.33 %, while heart rate variability decreased by 25.65 % and peripheral temperature change was 0.77 ℃ lower. Results show that the changes in autonomic nervous system responses acquired by the smart ring correlate with the changes in central nervous system responses acquired by the polysomnography system. This suggests that a smart ring could be used for an indirect measurement of human stress level. Follow-up studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the findings of this study and to determine the most suitable features for representation of human stress level.