Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of acoustic radiation pressure to concentrate small particles in an air flow

Experiments have shown that acoustic radiation pressure can be used to concentrate biological particles in a small section of a moving liquid, where the particles can be removed. We report measurements, on the use of acoustic radiation pressure to concentrate small particles in a moving air stream. Small water droplets, approximately 20/spl mu/m in diameter, were entrained in an air stream that passed through a rectangular channel 29.72 mm wide by 5.59 mm deep. An electrostatic transducer, located on one wall of the channel, was used to excite a one-wavelength resonance in the depth dimension of the channel at a nominal frequency of 61 kHz. Sound pressure levels of 154 dB re 20/spl mu/Pa in the channel were achieved. Flow visualization was used to observe the motion of the droplets, and laser doppler velocimetry was used to measure the velocity of the airflow. The airflow velocity ranged from 4 to 11 cm/s. With some exception, the particle motions were observed to conform to predictions based upon a King's law model for radiation force.
Risk theory in a Markovian environment

Abstract We consider risk processes t t⩾0 with the property that the rate β of the Poisson arrival process and the distribution of B of the claim sizes are not fixed in time but depend on the state of an underlying Markov jump process {Zt } t⩾0 such that β=β i and B=Bi when Zt=i . A variety of methods, including approximations, simulation and numerical methods, for assessing the values of the ruin probabilities are studied and in particular we look at the Cramer-Lundberg approximation and diffusion approximations with correction terms. The mathematical framework is Markov-modulated random walks in discrete and continuous time, and in particular Wiener-Hopf factorisation problems and conjugate distributions (Esscher transforms) are involved.
Effects of enhanced toroidal field ripple on JET plasmas

The JET machine is equipped with 32 toroidal field coils. In order to study the effect of TF ripple on the confinement of fast particles and, more generally, on the plasma behaviour, a series of experiments was performed using only 16 TF coils. At the position of the outer limiter, this led to an increase of the ripple, delta =(Bmax-Bmin)/(Bmax+Bmin), from 1% to 12.5%. The toroidal field was limited to 1.4 T, with plasma currents in the range between 2 and 3 MA. Additional heating power-levels and energy-input were kept low in order to avoid possible damage to some first wall components made out of Inconel. Experiments were carried out using 140 keV NBI injected deuterons, ICRF accelerated protons and deuterons ( approximately 0.5 to approximately 2 MeV) and 1 MeV tritons from DD reactions.
Resonant Properties of Piezoelectric Ceramic Rectangular Parallelepipeds

This paper is concerned with the resonant properties of free, piezoelectric ceramic rectangular parallelepipeds, such as cubes. By means of the calculus of variations, the electroelastic differential equations are transformed into an approximate matrix characteristic value problem. Solution of this problem yields the resonant frequencies, the particle displacement patterns at resonance, and the equivalent circuit parameters such as the motional capacitances. Structures of the present type possess eight distinct symmetry families of modes; however, only one of these is excitable piezoelectrically with two opposite faces completely electroded. The resonant frequencies of the first 50 modes of this family are presented graphically versus Poisson's ratio for the special case of an isotropic cube. The frequency and dynamic capacitance of the first 30 modes of the same family are given for a piezoelectric ceramic square cylinder as the thickness‐to‐width ratio is varied from zero (thin square plate case) to uni.
Nanoimprint-assisted directed self-assembly of low-molecular weight block copolymers: a route for 3D and multilevel nanostructures

Multilevel controllable nanoimprint driven molecular orientation has been obtained in thin films of block copolymer polystyrene-b-polyethylene oxide( PS-b-PEO) by means of solvent vapours assisted nanoimprint lithography (SAIL). The NIL setup using solvent vapours was capable of imprinting nanoscale features over a large area and simultaneously annealing PS-b-PEO thin films. A line pattern stamp was replicated in the BCP film in over a large area with a high resolution registry, and was also observed that the PS-b-PEO film exhibited microphase segregation in the residual layer exhibits a nanodot array from showing hexagonally packed PEO dots in the PS matrix, with a diameter of 20 nm with 40 nm pitch. The order of the hexagonally arranged nanodot lattice seen in the nanodots array was quantified from SEM images using by the opposite partner method from SEM images analysis and compared with to conventionally solvent annealed BCP films, demonstrating an improvement of the ordering of up to 50%. Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) study demonstrates the excellent fidelity of the pattern transfer and confirms the periodicity of the BCP in the mesas. In addition, applying the SAIL methodology to BCP thin films in nanopatterned silsequioxane substrates, it was possible to obtain multilevel structures decorated with the BCP microphase segregation. The SAIL technique is a versatile and robust platform to obtain complex high density periodic nanostructures, particularly for second generation block copolymers directed self-assembly.
Bayesian semi-parametric accelerated failure time model for paired doubly interval-censored data

In this paper, we propose a methodology which a) evaluates the effect of covariates on doubly interval-censored paired responses, b) is based on minimal parametric assumptions concerning the distributional parts of the model and c) evaluates the association between the two responses of the pair. Our methodology tackles three research questions arising from the Signal Tandmobiel® project, a prospective Flemish (Belgian) longitudinal dental study. The research questions are 1) What is the effect of baseline covariates on the time-to-caries of the permanent right first molars? 2) Is the effect of the covariates the same for the upper and lower teeth? 3) What is the association between the times-to-caries on the upper and lower teeth? Time-to-caries is defined as the difference of two interval-censored observations, caries time and emergence time, and hence it is a doubly interval-censored response. We suggest using an accelerated failure time model with a bivariate smooth error distribution being a mixture of bivariate normal components defined on a fine fixed grid. To deal with the problem of doubly interval censoring, we use Bayesian methodology and Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling.
The p‐value Interval as an Inferential Tool

In the phase III randomized clinical trial setting, design-based analyses for between-group comparisons are permutation tests which strictly preserve the type I error rate. However, the conservatism of permutation tests can cause a loss of power sufficient to prevent statistical significance from being reached. Arguments regarding the use of permutation tests thus tend to be broad brush: permutation tests should be used routinely for strict preservation of the type I error, or permutation tests should not be used at all because of the loss of power due to conservatism. Lost in these arguments is the fact that the conservatism of any particular permutation test can be measured, to allow for a more moderate decision rule: use a permutation test, but only if it is not overly conservative. We propose reversing the measure of conservatism from data independent and a dependent to data dependent and a independent, to reflect the practice of reporting p-values rather than reject or no-reject decisions at a given α-level. Specifically, we define the p-value interval, whose lower end point is the smallest the p-value could have been without conservatism, and whose upper end point is the (generally conservative) traditional p-value. The length of the p-value interval is the null probability of the observed outcome and measures the conservatism of the test. The p-value interval allows for an explicit quantification of the extent to which more discriminating (or secondary) test statistics help to reduce conservatism by generating more outcomes, each with a lower null probability. Higher order p-value intervals can also be used to assess the robustness of statistical significance in terms of the number of patients required to switch treatment groups to break the observed statistical significance.
Check dam identification using multisource data and their effects on streamflow and sediment load in a Chinese Loess Plateau catchment

Abstract During the recent six decades, numerous check dams have been constructed for soil erosion control and agricultural production, and have become the key measure for soil and water conservation in the Loess Plateau. Obtaining check dam information is very important for soil erosion control and river basin management. This study utilizes remote-sensing images in conjunction with Google Earth images and field survey to derive the spatial distribution of the check dams in the Huangfuchuan catchment. Multisource data including topographic maps, Landsat images, and images from Google Earth are collected for check dam identification. The results are verified based on a field survey. The water surface area of the check dams derives from in situ measurement and images present good relationship with the high correlation coefficient of 0.96. Furthermore, the area extent and number of check dams derived from the remote sensing images are similar to those from Google Earth images. Historically, an increase in the check dam number, controlled area, and storage capacity indicate their substantial trapping effects on streamflow and sediment load in the Huangfuchuan catchment. This study may be a good reference for proposing an efficient approach to identify the check dams and provide decision supports for soil and water conservation in the Loess Plateau.
HYDRODYNAMIC AND HEMOLYSIS ANALYSIS ON DISTANCE AND CLEARANCE BETWEEN IMPELLER AND DIFFUSER OF AXIAL BLOOD PUMP

Low hemolysis and hydraulic performance are important factors for an axial blood pump, which have been transplanted in patients with heart failure (HF). The distance and clearance between impeller and diffuser play a key role in hemolytic properties and hydraulic performances of axial blood pumps that were developed by our group inspired by the design features of HeartMate II. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the appropriate distance and clearance between impellers and diffusers of axial blood pumps, which contains the best low hemolytic property and hydraulic performance using the computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) approach. Specially, the hemolysis of the pump was calculated by using two different empirical power-law hemolytic blood damage models with two sets of parameters. The two hemolytic blood damage models with two sets of parameters were analyzed and compared. Further, the different distances and clearances between impellers and diffusers that affect hemolytic and hydraulic characte.
Circulation and Dynamics of the Western North Atlantic. Part II: Dynamics of Meanders and Rings

Abstract A multiparameter kinematic synthesis of multiscale feature models for the circulation of the western North Atlantic was developed in Part I of this study. The dispersion characteristics and dynamical behavior of this circulation model are presented here in detail. Insertion of the kinematically synthesized features into a numerical dynamical model dynamically adjust the features and provide the basis for a multiparameter sensitivity study with respect to the reasonable range of parameter variation consistent with observations. Two primary characteristics of the Gulf Stream meandering behavior, namely, the wave-growth characteristics and the ring formation and absorption statistics are studied via both quasigeostrophic and primitive equation dynamics. In achieving realistic dispersion characteristics, a comprehensive methodology for dynamical model tuning and validation in this limited region ocean is developed. The realistic regimes of parameter variation are identified on the basis of observatio.
Review: B. A. Trahtenbrot, Impossibility of an Algorithm for the Decision Problem in Finite Classes

effect tha t x<t> is an element if in addition to being stratified <j> is also normal; a formula is normal if all of i ts bound variables are restricted to be element variables. The condition of normality effectively obstructs Rosser's derivation of the Burali-Forti contradiction. In the next par t Wang points out t ha t the classes of Quine's earlier New foundations system (II 86) correspond exactly to the elements of P. This leads to a relative consistency proof for P. For New foundations possesses a model in the domain of integers (by the Godel extension of the Lowenheim-Skolem theorem) and hence, as Wang shows in detai l , P possesses a model in the domain of classes of integers, tha t is in the real number system. Since New foundations is weaker than P and, moreover, has been subject to close scrutiny by Rosser (see V 32) the Wang system should be safe enough by usual s tandards .
Field modulation microcoils for magneto-optical recording

A magnetic field modulation (MFM) coil with a magnetic core, which can realize storage densities of 50-100 Gb/in/sup 2/ for use in advanced magneto-optical recording technology, is described. This MFM coil is made on a Si substrate utilizing thin-film technologies, namely, Si etching and fabrication of a magnetic multilayered core. Three holes are chemically etched in the Si substrate: two contact holes and one laser light hole. The magnetic core, consisting of CoFeSiB/SiO/sub 2/ multilayered film, is applicable to MFM coils. Whereas an air-core coil requires a high driving current, a magnetic core coil can be driven at a lower driving current. The inductance value of an air core coil is 20 nH, while that of a magnetic core is 31 nH. In comparison with the air coil, the magnetic flux can be more easily focused on one point in the case of the magnetic core coil because of the magnetic conduction of the magnetic layers. In conclusion, with the magnetic core coil, larger magnetic fields than those possible with the air core coil at the same current can be achieved, and efficiency is higher at a frequency of 100 MHz.
Deflection of krypton Rydberg atoms in the field of an electric dipole

The controlled deflection of Rydberg atoms in an inhomogeneous electric field is demonstrated and shown to be in agreement with predictions based on a well-defined Stark map. Krypton atoms in a supersonic beam are excited in a two-colour multiphoton process to selected Stark states with n = 16-19 and undergo deflections in the field of an electrostatic dipole. The spatial distribution of the deflected atoms is monitored by ion imaging. The atoms travelling ~10 cm in the beam direction after excitation are deflected from the beam axis by distances of up to 3 mm, the interaction with the field taking place over 40 µs. Simulations of the trajectories agree well with the experimental results, demonstrating that the detected Rydberg atoms are those which have not undergone decay processes in the 40 µs applied field.
Convergence of alternating Markov chains

Suppose we have two Markov chains defined on the same state space. What happens if we alternate them? If they both converge to the same stationary distribution, will the chain obtained by alternating them also converge? Consideration of these questions is motivated by the possible use of two different updating schemes for MCMC estimation, when much faster convergence can be achieved by alternating both schemes than by using either singly.
Detecting the polarization signatures of extra-solar planets

Direct detection of the light scattered from extra-solar planets is important in establishing the planet's mass, radius, albedo and nature of the particles in the planetary atmosphere. We describe, and present results from, a new optical polarimeter (PlanetPol) designed to reach fractional polarizations of 10-6 or better from ground-based telescopes, necessary to detect the polarization signature of unresolved hot-Jupiters.
A neuro-genetic and time-frequency approach to macromodeling dynamic hysteresis in the harmonic regime

A numerical approach for the evaluation of hysteresis loops in the harmonic regime is presented. Genetic algorithms (GAs) are used to train neural networks (NNs) with the aim of generalizing the Jiles-Atherton (JA) static hysteresis model for dynamic loops. The NN training is based on symmetrical and asymmetrical, major and minor loops under sinusoidal excitation with or without offset. Subsequently, the harmonic magnetic time period has been partitioned into suitable time windows into which the field has been fitted by sinusoids with offset. New JA parameters, estimated by the trained NNs in each partitioning time window, have been inserted into the JA static model to calculate the magnetization waveform, time window by time window. Validations are shown.
Rejoinder to “A Note on Using Regression Models to Analyze Randomized Trials: Asymptotically Valid Hypothesis Tests Despite Incorrectly Specified Models”

In the context of randomized trials, Rosenblum and van der Laan (2009, Biometrics 63, 937–945) considered the null hypothesis of no treatment effect on the mean outcome within strata of baseline variables. They showed that hypothesis tests based on linear regression models and generalized linear regression models are guaranteed to have asymptotically correct Type I error regardless of the actual data generating distribution, assuming the treatment assignment is independent of covariates. We consider another important outcome in randomized trials, the time from randomization until failure, and the null hypothesis of no treatment effect on the survivor function conditional on a set of baseline variables. By a direct application of arguments in Rosenblum and van der Laan (2009), we show that hypothesis tests based on multiplicative hazards models with an exponential link, i.e., proportional hazards models, and multiplicative hazards models with linear link functions where the baseline hazard is parameterized, are asymptotically valid under model misspecification provided that the censoring distribution is independent of the treatment assignment given the covariates. In the case of the Cox model and linear link model with unspecified baseline hazard function, the arguments in Rosenblum and van der Laan (2009) cannot be applied to show the robustness of a misspecified model. Instead, we adopt an approach used in previous literature (Struthers and Kalbfleisch, 1986, Biometrika 73, 363–369) to show that hypothesis tests based on these models, including models with interaction terms, have correct type I error.
Autofocusing of ISAR images based on entropy minimization

A novel autofocusing technique is developed for random translational motion compensation in inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging of objects. This technique is based on an entropy minimization principle and validated via a nonparametric estimation method. Images of a simulation and a real flying aircraft are used for illustration. Images of encouraging quality confirm the feasibility of autofocusing the radar images by just the requirement of minimizing the image entropy.
A design procedure for dielectric microwave lenses of large aperture ratio and large scanning angle

Methods are given for designing point-source three-dimensional aspheric rotationally-symmetric dielectric lenses and for zoning such lenses. Designs for scan angles and aperture ratios much larger than conventional may be achieved and all computations can be done on a desk calculator. The three-dimensional lens is obtained by first designing an exact two-point corrected cylindrical dielectric lens and then rotating a section of the cylindrical lens about the axis of symmetry of the section. The design procedures for the cylindrical lens are based on ray-tracing techniques. Experimental results indicate that the three-dimensional lenses possess good wide-angle scanning characteristics.
A variational method for free vibration analysis of joined cylindrical-conical shells

A variational method is proposed to study the free vibration of joined cylindrical-conical shells (JCCSs) subjected to classical and non-classical boundary conditions. A JCCS is divided into its components (i.e., conical and cylindrical shells) at the cone-cylinder junction. The interface continuity and geometric boundary conditions are approximately enforced by means of a modified variational principle and least-squares weighted residual method. No constraints need to be imposed a priori in the admissible displacement functions for each shell component. Reissner-Naghdi's thin shell theory is used to formulate the theoretical model. Double mixed series, i.e. the Fourier series and Chebyshev orthogonal polynomials, are adopted as admissible displacement functions for each shell component. To test the convergence, efficiency and accuracy of the present method, free vibrations of JCCSs are examined under various combinations of edge support conditions. The results obtained in this study are found to be in a good agreement with previously published results where possible, and those from the finite element program ANSYS. The effects of elastic foundation stiffness and semi-vertex angle on frequency characteristics of the JCCSs are also discussed.
A near-field scanning laser source technique and a microcantilever ultrasound receiver for detection of surface-breaking defects

The scanning laser source (SLS) technique has been proposed recently as an effective way to investigate small surface-breaking defects. By monitoring the changes in amplitude and frequency of the ultrasound generated as a laser source scans over a defect, the SLS technique has provided enhanced signal-to-noise performance compared to the traditional pitch–catch or pulse–echo ultrasonic methods. In the previous work, the laser ultrasound source was in the near-field of a scatterer and an optical or piezoelectric detector was used to measure the ultrasound in the far-field. We now propose an extension of the SLS approach to map defects in microdevices by bringing both the generator and the receiver to the near-field scattering region of the defects. To facilitate near-field ultrasound measurement, silicon microcantilever probes are fabricated using microfabrication techniques and their acoustical characteristics are investigated. The fundamental frequency of the microcantilever is measured and compared with analytically calculated fundamental frequency. The performance of the fabricated microcantilevers as resonant ultrasound detectors is investigated. Bulk and surface acoustic waves are generated with specific narrowband frequencies and the surface ultrasonic displacements are detected using the microcantilever probe. Next, broadband ultrasound is generated by a laser source and the resulting surface acoustic displacements are monitored using the microcantilever probe in the near-field of the ultrasound source. Finally, both the laser-generated ultrasonic source and the microcantilever probe are used to monitor near-field scattering by a surface-breaking defect.