Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Will the Real Digital Girl Please Stand Up? Examining the Gap Between Policy Dialogue and Girls’ Accounts of Their Digital Existence

Many have suggested that online media would enhance girls' agency, empowering them to redefine the meaning of "girl" through their online performances. This paper examines social science findings with respect to girls' online experiences, with particular attention to the empowering benefits that girls report. It then examines two constraints on that performativity: commercialism and surveillance on websites targeting youth, and criminal policy dialogue relating to online issues (with a focus on Canada). With respect to commercialism, the authors argue that a sexualized surveillant gaze works to limit the empowering potential of online performance for girls who have incorporated online media into their social worlds. The authors further suggest that criminal policy dialogue has largely failed to disrupt that constraining gaze, in some cases ignoring it and in others uncritically incorporating its themes into the dialogue itself. As a result, policy responses tend to reinforce paradigms of surveillance and control over individual behaviour and responsibility (including of girls themselves), while leaving intact the business logics the promote media stereotypes and the commodification of girls' sexuality.
Psicología de las organizaciones

Prerequisitos Estrictamente hablando, no hay requisitos previos para cursar la "Psicología de las organizaciones". Sin embargo, después de haber estudiado al tema de "la influencia social y los grupos" este, proporciona la base para un mejor aprovechamiento de las actividades de aprendizaje planteadas. Cursar esta asignatura es un paso previo fundamental para la mención de la "Psicología del trabajo y recursos humanos" en el cuarto año.
Effective Schools and Effective Principals: Effective Research?

Pronouncements and policies based on the “effective schools research” put the principal at the top of the agenda for educational reform. The late Ronald Edmonds identified five factors, including “the principal’s leadership and attention to the quality of instruction, “1 that have become what one observer has called “the new catechism of urban school improvement. “2 One government official, writing in his private capacity, has asserted in both popular and scholarly publications that implementation of these five factors is a judicially enforceable legal duty of urban public schools.3 Another government official, then also writing in his private capacity, identified instructional leadership by the principal as one of the “commandments” for bringing about effectiveness in all public schools, not just those in urban areas.4 Finally and most recently, the U.S. Department of Education issued, with great fanfare and an express endorsement from President Reagan,5 a booklet entitled What Works: Research about Teaching and Learning that unequivocally listed “strong instructional leadership” as one of the most important characteristics of effective schools.6 These research-based prescriptions have great allure. They seem to confirm the simple, commonsense notion that the great school principal is indeed principal in making the school great. As a result, this “principal principle” has been given virtual legal legitimacy without regard to limitations in the underlying research. 7 Edmonds himself had cautioned: “The point here is to make clear at the outset that no one model explains school effectiveness for the poor or any other social class subset. “8 Similarly, in their review of the early research, Purkey and Smith warned that “blanket acceptance . would be dangerous” and that “[we] are suspicious of the ‘great principal’ theory. “9 Pointing to differences between and among the findings and conclusions of the same research, D’Amico cautioned that “as yet, there are no recipes for effective schools. “l0 Even in his response to D’Amico, one of these
A simple and efficient implementation of the well-conditioned electric-field integral equation

The well-conditioned electric-field integral equation (WEFIE) involves hypersingularity, which makes the numerical implementation of the WEFIE difficult and complicated. A simple and efficient numerical implementation of the WEFIE is presented in this paper. It is proved that the well-conditioned property of the WEFIE is kept in this numerical implementation. Numerical experiments demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency, and stability of the presented implementation approach, even at low frequencies. The effect of round-off errors to the efficiency is analyzed, especially at very low frequencies. The numerical performance of the WEFIE for open bodies is also presented at the end of the paper.
BDNF mediates improvements in executive function following a 1-year exercise intervention

Executive function declines with age, but engaging in aerobic exercise may attenuate decline. One mechanism by which aerobic exercise may preserve executive function is through the up-regulation of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), which also declines with age. The present study examined BDNF as a mediator of the effects of a 1-year walking intervention on executive function in 90 older adults (mean age = 66.82). Participants were randomized to a stretching and toning control group or a moderate intensity walking intervention group. BDNF serum levels and performance on a task-switching paradigm were collected at baseline and follow-up. We found that age moderated the effect of intervention group on changes in BDNF levels, with those in the highest age quartile showing the greatest increase in BDNF after 1-year of moderate intensity walking exercise (p = 0.036). The mediation analyses revealed that BDNF mediated the effect of the intervention on task-switch accuracy, but did so as a function of age, such that exercise-induced changes in BDNF mediated the effect of exercise on task-switch performance only for individuals over the age of 71. These results demonstrate that both age and BDNF serum levels are important factors to consider when investigating the mechanisms by which exercise interventions influence cognitive outcomes, particularly in elderly populations.
Termination of Ca2+ release by a local inactivation of ryanodine receptors in cardiac myocytes.

In heart, a robust regulatory mechanism is required to counteract the regenerative Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Several mechanisms, including inactivation, adaptation, and stochastic closing of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) have been proposed, but no conclusive evidence has yet been provided. We probed the termination process of Ca2+ release by using a technique of imaging local Ca2+ release, or "Ca2+ spikes", at subcellular sites; and we tracked the kinetics of Ca2+ release triggered by L-type Ca2+ channels. At 0 mV, Ca2+ release occurred and terminated within 40 ms after the onset of clamp pulses (0 mV). Increasing the open-duration and promoting the reopenings of Ca2+ channels with the Ca2+ channel agonist, FPL64176, did not prolong or trigger secondary Ca2+ spikes, even though two-thirds of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ remained available for release. Latency of Ca2+ spikes coincided with the first openings but not with the reopenings of L-type Ca2+ channels. After an initial maximal release, even a multi-fold increase in unitary Ca2+ current induced by a hyperpolarization to -120 mV failed to trigger additional release, indicating absolute refractoriness of RyRs. When the release was submaximal (e.g., at +30 mV), tail currents did activate additional Ca2+ spikes; confocal images revealed that they originated from RyRs unfired during depolarization. These results indicate that Ca2+ release is terminated primarily by a highly localized, use-dependent inactivation of RyRs but not by the stochastic closing or adaptation of RyRs in intact ventricular myocytes.
Exploring Group Size on Software Inspection Performance: Report From 2 Controlled Experiments

Software development is constrained by time, cost and quality requirements. The problems of managing software projects have been well defined by the software engineering community. Software defects are one of the most influential factors affecting the success of a software project. Software inspection has become an essential solution for managing software defects. A variety of software inspection techniques have been developed. The software inspection process consists of three major phases – organization, detection and completion. Traditionally, software inspections are performed manually and require meeting-based activities. New inspection techniques have challenged the conventions by eliminating the defect collection meeting. Different kinds of computer technologies are used to augment the software inspection process. Empirical studies are methods for studying and improving software inspection. This paper describes software inspection and discusses the issues in the process.
Preliminary Observations on the Effect of Sodium Alginate on Selected Nonsporing Organisms.

The sodium salt of alginic acid, commonly called "algin" or "alginate," has been used as a stabilizer in foods for over a quarter of a century. In experiments conducted in this laboratory in which sodium alginate was a component part of the suspending medium for selected nonsporing organisms, under varying conditions, it appeared that there may be a difference in response to the presence of alginate among genera. This observation was incidental to the original purpose and design of most of the experiments and is reported here briefly both because the results appear to offer interesting possibilities for further studies and because there may be possible practical applications of the findings. In 1956 a series of experiments was underway which sought to investigate the relationship between viscosity of the medium in which the cells were heated and the heat resistance of Salmonella typhimurium strain no. 84 (Woodburn, 1956). Sodium alginate5 was selected as the agent by which to achieve variation in viscosity of physiological saline solution. This product formed a homogeneous suspension neither coagulated by heating nor gelled by cooling. No observable scum formed during its use as described. Preliminary experiments were conducted to determine the effect of the sodium alginate on the test organism. In so doing, a known number of cells of S. typhimurium 84 were added to 1 ml of sterile sodium alginate suspension, adjusted to pH 7. A suitable dilution was plated at once with tryptone glucose extract (TGE) agar. Following an incubation period of 1 hr at room temperature, a second plating was made, similarly. After 24 hr incubation of the plates at 37 C, colony counts were made in both cases. In the original inoculum, the average number of salmonella cells per ml of a 4 per cent sodium alginate
[Chinese neonatal birth weight curve for different gestational age].

OBJECTIVE Since 1986, the reference of birth weight for gestational age has not been updated. The aim of this study was to set up Chinese neonatal network to investigate the current situation of birth weight in China, especially preterm birth weight, to develop the new reference for birth weight for gestational age and birth weight curve. METHOD A nationwide neonatology network was established in China. This survey was carried out in 63 hospitals of 23 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. We continuously collected the information of live births in participating hospitals during the study period of 2011-2014. Data describing birth weight and gestational age were collected prospectively. Newborn's birth weight was measured by electronic scale within 2 hours after birth when baby was undressed. The evaluation of gestational age was based on the combination of mother's last menstrual period, ultrasound in first trimester and gestational age estimation by gestational age scoring system. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS the growth curve was drawn by using LMSP method, which was conducted in GAMLSS 1.9-4 software package in R software 2.11. 1. RESULT A total of 159 334 newborn infants were enrolled in this study. There were 84 447 male and 74 907 female. The mean birth weight was (3 232 ± 555) g, the mean birth weight of male newborn was (3 271 ± 576) g, the mean weight of female newborn was (3 188 ± 528) g. The test of the variables' distribution suggested that the distribution of gestational age and birth weight did not fit the normal distribution, the optimal distribution for them was BCT distribution. The Q-Q plot test and worm plot test suggested that this curve fitted the distribution optimally. The male and female neonatal birth weight curve was developed using the same method. CONCLUSION Using GAMLSS method to establish nationwide neonatal birth weight curve, and the first time to update the birth weight reference in recent 28 years.
Improved Semisupervised Adaptation for a Small Training Dataset in the Brain–Computer Interface

One problem in the development of brain-computer interface (BCI) systems is to minimize the amount of subject training on the premise of accurate classification. Hence, the challenge is how to train the BCI system effectively especially in the scenario with small amount of training data. In this paper, we introduce improved semisupervised adaptation based on common spatial pattern (CSP) features. The feature extraction and classification are performed jointly and iteratively. In the iteration step, training data are expanded by part of the testing data with labels which are predicted by a linear discriminant analysis classifier and/or a Bayesian linear discriminant analysis classifier in the previous iteration. Then CSP features are reextracted from the expanded training data, and the classifiers are retrained. Both self-training and cotraining paradigms are proposed for the improved semisupervised adaptation. Throughout the investigation on different number of initial training trials, we find that when a small number of training trials are used, e.g., a training session contains no more than 30 trials, similar classification performance to that of large training data items (40-50 trials) can be achieved. Effectiveness of the algorithms is verified by two competition datasets. Compared with several existing algorithms, the proposed semisupervised algorithms show improvements in classification accuracy for most of the competition datasets especially in the case of small training data.
erythroid progenitor proliferation Critical role for PI 3-kinase in the control of erythropoietin-induced

The production of red blood cells is tightly regulated by erythropoietin (Epo). The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) pathway was previously shown to be activated in response to erythropoietin (Epo). We studied the role of this pathway in the control of Epoinduced survival and proliferation of primary human erythroid progenitors. We show that PI 3-kinase associates with four tyrosine phosphorylated proteins in primary human erythroid progenitors, namely IRS2, SHIP, Gab1 and the Epo receptor (EpoR). Using different in vitro systems, we demonstrate that three alternative pathways independently lead to Epo-induced activation of PI 3-kinase and its downstream effectors, Akt, FKHRL1 and P70S6 kinase: through direct association of PI 3-kinase to the last tyrosine residue (Tyr 479) of the Epo receptor (EpoR), through recruitment and phosphorylation of Gab proteins via either Tyr 343 or Tyr 401 of the EpoR or through phosphorylation of IRS2 adaptor protein. The MAP kinase pathway was also activated by Epo in erythroid progenitors but we found that this process is independent of PI 3-kinase activation. In erythroid progenitors, the functional role of PI 3kinase was both to prevent apoptosis and to stimulate cell proliferation in response to Epo stimulation. Finally, our results show that PI 3-kinase-mediated proliferation of erythroid progenitors in response to Epo mainly occurs through modulation of the E3 ligase SCF which, in turn downregulates p27 CDK inhibitor via proteasome degradation. E-Mail: lacombe@cochin.inserm. fr only. For personal use at PENN STATE UNIVERSITY on February 23, 2013. bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org From
Multipotential progenitors of the mammalian enteric nervous system capable of colonising aganglionic bowel in organ culture.

The enteric nervous system of vertebrates is derived from neural crest cells that invade the gut wall and generate a highly organised network of enteric ganglia. Among the genes that play an important role in ENS development is c-Ret, mutations of which result in failure of formation of enteric ganglia (intestinal aganglionosis). To further understand the development of the mammalian ENS in general and the mechanism of action of the RET RTK in particular, we have developed and used an organotypic culture system of mouse fetal gut. At the stage of culture initiation, the gut is partially populated by undifferentiated ENS progenitors, but culture for several days results in extensive neuronal and glial differentiation. Using this organ culture system, we have compared the development of the ENS in wild-type and RET-deficient gut and showed that the aganglionic phenotype observed in vivo is consistently reproduced under the in vitro culture conditions. Microinjection of RET+ cells isolated from E11.5 mouse bowel into wild-type or RET-deficient aganglionic gut in organ culture, results in extensive repopulation of their wall by exogenously derived neurons and glia. Finally, using a similar approach, we demonstrate that single RET+ cells introduced into the wall of wild-type gut generate both cell lineages of the ENS, i.e. neurons and glia. Our data show the NC-derived RET+ population of fetal gut in mammalian embryos consists of multipotential progenitors capable of colonising efficiently both wild-type and RET-deficient aganglionic bowel in organ culture.
Hepatocyte Turnover in Chronic HCV-Induced Liver Injury and Cirrhosis

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may eventually lead to progressive liver fibrosis and cirrhosis through a complex, multistep process involving hepatocyte death and regeneration. Despite common pathogenetic pathways present in all forms of liver cirrhosis irrespective of etiology, hepatocyte turnover and related molecular events in HCV-induced cirrhosis are increasingly being distinguished from even “similar” causes, such as hepatitis B virus- (HBV-) related cirrhosis. New insights in HCV-induced hepatocellular injury, differential gene expression, and regenerative pathways have recently revealed a different pattern of progression to irreversible parenchymal liver damage. A shift to the significant role of the host immune response rather than the direct effect of HCV on hepatocytes and the imbalance between antiapoptotic and proapoptotic signals have been investigated in several studies but need to be further elucidated. The present review aims to comprehensively summarize the current evidence on HCV-induced hepatocellular turnover with a view to outline the significant trends of ongoing research.
Correlative Light-Electron Microscopy Reveals the Tubular-Saccular Ultrastructure of Carriers Operating between Golgi Apparatus and Plasma Membrane

Transport intermediates (TIs) have a central role in intracellular traffic, and much effort has been directed towards defining their molecular organization. Unfortunately, major uncertainties remain regarding their true structure in living cells. To address this question, we have developed an approach based on the combination of the green fluorescent protein technology and correlative light-electron microscopy, by which it is possible to monitor an individual carrier in vivo and then take a picture of its ultrastructure at any moment of its lifecycle. We have applied this technique to define the structure of TIs operating from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane, whose in vivo dynamics have been characterized recently by light microscopy. We find that these carriers are large (ranging from 0.3–1.7 μm in maximum diameter, nearly half the size of a Golgi cisterna), comprise almost exclusively tubular-saccular structures, and fuse directly with the plasma membrane, sometimes minutes after docking to the fusion site.
Forming post-compulsory subject choices in school : a longitudinal study of changes in secondary school students' ideas, with particular reference to choice about science

The research in this thesis examined the basis of young people's decision making. A longitudinal study involving periodic interviews addressed questions about how changes in secondary school students' ideas led to decisions about elective education by individuals in mid-adolescence, particularly with reference to science. Analysis of interview data captured changes in students' ideas over time and a new way of looking at post- 16 choice was developed that gives a more indepth picture of how students' ideas are formed than has hitherto been achieved. The ways in which students' educational objectives were driven by different ideas and the ways in which students engaged with influences on decisionmaking were used to develop a typology of choice trajectories. The typology unearths variations in the temporal characteristics of young people's thinking about choice. Five types of choice trajectory were identified. Students with a 'directed' trajectory had a demonstrably stable commitment to a specific career direction inspired by a critical influence at an early age. The 'partially resolved' trajectory was that of a student with identifiable vocational leanings prompted by positive dispositions towards some school subjects and related careers. The 'funnelling identifier' trajectory was shaped by a gradual identification with a domain of interest whereas that of 'multiple projection' was characterised by favouring different careers at different times. The student with a 'precipitating' trajectory lacked critical influences, had diffuse ideas and aimed for broad and versatile choices. Application of the typology to four portraits of students who chose science demonstrated that science was chosen in a variety of ways. In conclusion, the thesis raises issues for discussion about the impact of choice support mechanisms in schools, particularly in relation to careers guidance and within science teaching.
University of Ottawa at TREC 2010 Web Track: Ranking Web Documents Using Meta-Data

This paper describes the details of our participation in the Web track of the TREC 2010. Our approach collects information from the meta data and from some html tags of the web pages. Meta data is often used by the authors to describe the main topic or purpose of the webpage. Usually, the index words are collected from the visible data, but our method is preferable, when the webpage contains only multimedia data, such as images or animations; when the webpage contains only URL links or very little text data (e.g., home pages); when the webpage contains several different topics; when documents are repetitive; when we want to reduce the size of the inverted index; and when the weighting of a webpage depends on specific topics, not on word distribution. We indexed only selected sections of each webpage: “URL”, “Title”, “Meta”, “Header”, and “Alt” fields. The “Header” field is the only visible text field that we used.