Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Homogenization of equi-coercive nonlinear energies defined on vector-valued functions, with non-uniformly bounded coefficients

The present paper deals with the asymptotic behavior of equi-coercive sequences $\{\mathcal{F}_n\}$ of nonlinear functionals defined over vector-valued functions in $W_)^{1,p}(\Omega)^M$ , where $p>1$, $M\ge1$, and $\Omega$ is a bounded open set of $\mathbb{R}^N$, $N\ge2$. The strongly local energy density $F_n({\cdot}, Du)$ of the functional $\{\mathcal{F}_n\}$ satisfies a Lipschitz condition with respect to the second variable, which is controlled by a positive sequence $\{a_n\}$ which is only bounded in some suitable space $L^r(\Omega)$. We prove that the sequence $\{\mathcal{F}_n\}$ $\Gamma$-converges for the strong topology of $L^p(\Omega)^M$ to a functional $\mathcal{F}$ which has a strongly local density $F({\cdot}, Du)$ for sufficiently regular functions $u$. This compactness result extends former results on the topic, which are based either on maximum principle arguments in the nonlinear scalar case, or adapted div-curl lemmas in the linear case. Here, the vectorial character and the nonlinearity of the problem need a new approach based on a careful analysis of the asymptotic minimizers associated with the functional $\mathcal{F}_n$. The relevance of the conditions which are imposed to the energy density $F_n({\cdot}, Du)$, is illustrated by several examples including some classical hyper-elastic energies.
Tomography by Fourier synthesis

We consider a particular approach to the regularization of the inverse problem of computerized tomography. This approach is based on notions pertaining to Fourier synthesis. It refines previous contributions, in which the preprocessing of the data was performed according to the Fourier slice theorem. Since real models must account for the geometrical system response and possibly Compton scattering and attenuation, the Fourier slice theorem does not apply, yielding redefinition of the preprocessing. In general, the latter is not explicit, and must be performed numerically. The most natural choice of preprocessing involves the computation of unstable solutions. A proximal strategy is proposed for this step, which allows for accurate computations and preserves global stability of the reconstruction process.
Monitoring the Violent Activity from the Inner Accretion Disk of the Seyfert 1.9 Galaxy NGC 2992 with RXTE

We present the results of a 1 year monitoring campaign of the Seyfert 1.9 galaxy NGC 2992 with RXTE. Historically, the source has been shown to vary dramatically in 2-10 keV flux over timescales of years and was thought to be slowly transitioning between periods of quiescence and active accretion. Our results show that in 1 year the source continuum flux covered almost the entire historical range, making it unlikely that the low-luminosity states correspond to the accretion mechanism switching off. During flaring episodes we found that a highly redshifted Fe K line appears, implying that the violent activity is occurring in the inner accretion disk, within ~100 gravitational radii of the central black hole. We also found that the spectral index of the X-ray continuum remained approximately constant during the large amplitude variability. These observations make NGC 2992 well-suited for future multiwaveband monitoring, as a test bed for constraining accretion models.
Partner Alcohol Use and Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence: Independent and Synergistic Effects on Intimate Partner Violence Across 19 Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Although partner alcohol use and acceptance of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) are critical determinants of IPVAW, little is known about their interaction. We explored how partner alcohol use and attitudes toward IPVAW act independently and jointly at the individual and community levels to influence women’s reports of experiencing IPVAW across low- and middle-income countries. We conducted secondary analyses using a pooled sample of reproductive-aged women (n = 166,621) from 19 Demographic and Health Survey datasets. We fit a series of a priori-defined mixed-effects logistic regression models of the total effects, within- and between-community effects, and contextual effects of past-year IPVAW on partner alcohol use, acceptance of IPVAW, and their multiplicative interaction. We then fit a series of models stratified by community alcohol use and acceptance of IPVAW. Partner alcohol use (odds ratio [OR] = 3.20; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [3.07, 3.33]) and women’s acceptance of IPVAW (OR = 1.83; 95% CI: [1.76, 1.89]) were consistently associated with increased odds of experiencing IPVAW. Sub-multiplicative interactions were present for within-community effects (ratio of OR = 0.86; 95% CI: [0.79, 0.94]), whereas supra-multiplicative interactions were present for between-community effects (ratio of OR = 1.002; 95% CI: [1.0002, 1.005]) and contextual effects (ratio of OR = 1.003; 95% CI: [1.0007, 1.005]). The odds of IPVAW associated with partner alcohol use was greatet in communities with lower partner alcohol prevalence and lower acceptance of IPVAW. It is important to consider norms and attitudes toward IPVAW alongside alcohol use when understanding epidemiological patterns of IPVAW and potential opportunities for preventive programs and policymaking. Future studies should focus on the complex interactions, at multiple social levels, between interacting risk factors for IPVAW.
The rates of type Ia supernovae – II. Diversity of events at low and high redshifts

This paper investigates the possible systematic difference of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) properties related to the age and masses of the progenitors that could introduce a systematic bias between low- and high-redshift SNe Ia. The relation between the main features of the distribution of delay times and the masses of the progenitors is illustrated for the single (SD) and double degenerate (DD) models. Mixed models, which assume contributions from both the SD and DD channels, are also presented and tested versus the observed correlations between the SN Ia rates and the parent galaxy properties. It is shown that these correlations can be accounted for with both single-channel and mixed models, and that the rate in S0 and E galaxies may effectively provide clues on the contribution of SD progenitors to late epoch explosions. A wide range of masses for the CO white dwarf at the start of accretion is expected in almost all galaxy types; only in galaxies of the earliest types are the properties of the progenitors expected to be more uniform. For mixed models, late-type galaxies should host SD and DD explosions in comparable fractions, while in early-type galaxies DD explosions should largely prevail. Events hosted by star-forming galaxies span a wide range of delay times; prompt events could dominate only in the presence of a strong starburst. It is concluded that nearby SN Ia samples should well include the young, massive and hot progenitors that necessarily dominate at high redshift.
LGBTQ+ Loss and Grief in a Cis-Heteronormative Pandemic: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis of the COVID-19 Literature

LGBTQ+ people are no stranger to loss and grief, particularly during times of pandemic such as the 1980s–90s HIV/AIDS pandemic and now, the COVID-19 pandemic. Current COVID-19 loss and grief research remains relatively silent on LGBTQ+ peoples’ loss and grief experiences. The aim of this research was to conduct a qualitative evidence synthesis of LGBTQ+ people’s COVID-19 loss and grief experiences reported in the literature. A systematic search and inclusion strategy identified 22 relevant articles for review. Inductive thematic synthesis resulted in five loss-focused themes across the articles: (1) loss of work and livelihood, (2) loss of social and kinship connection, (3) loss of LGBTQ+ community connection, (4) loss of physical and mental health supports and (5) loss of LGBTQ+ identity authenticity, affirmation and visibility. Discussion of these themes highlights the many layered and often disenfranchised nature of LGBTQ+ people’s loss during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Improvements on Spectral Bisection

In this paper, the third eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix is used to provide a lower bound on the minimum cutsize. This result has algorithmic implications that are exploited in this paper. Besides, combinatorial properties of certain configurations of a graph partition which are related to the minimality of a cut are investigated. It is shown that such configurations are related to the third eigenvector of the Laplacian matrix. It is well known that the second eigenvector encodes structural information, and that can be used to approximate a minimum bisection. In this paper, it is shown that the third eigenvector carries structural information as well. Then a new spectral bisection algorithm using both eigenvectors is provided. The new algorithm is guaranteed to return a cut that is smaller or equal to the one returned by the classic spectral bisection. Also, a spectral algorithm that can refine a given partition and produce a smaller cut is provided.
Formal Zeta function expansions and the
 frequency of Ramanujan graphs

We show that logarithmic derivative of the Zeta function of any regular graph is given by a power series about infinity whose coefficients are given in terms of the traces of powers of the graph's Hashimoto matrix. We then consider the expected value of this power series over random, $d$-regular graph on $n$ vertices, with $d$ fixed and $n$ tending to infinity. Under rather speculative assumptions, we make a formal calculation that suggests that for fixed $d$ and $n$ large, this expected value should have simple poles of residue $-1/2$ at $\pm (d-1)^{-1/2}$. We shall explain that calculation suggests that for fixed $d$ there is an $f(d)>1/2$ such that a $d$-regular graph on $n$ vertices is Ramanujan with probability at least $f(d)$ for $n$ sufficiently large. Our formal computation has a natural analogue when we consider random covering graphs of degree $n$ over a fixed, regular "base graph. " This again suggests that for $n$ large, a strict majority of random covering graphs are relatively Ramanujan. We do not regard our formal calculations as providing overwhelming evidence regarding the frequency of Ramanujan graphs. However, these calculations are quite simple, and yield intiguing suggestions which we feel merit further study.
Multi-parametric R-matrix for the sl(2|1) Yangian

We study the Yangian of the sl(2|1) Lie superalgebra in a multi-parametric four-dimensional representation. We use Drinfeld's second realization to independently rederive the R-matrix, and to obtain the antiparticle representation, the crossing and the unitarity condition. We consistently apply the Yangian antipode and its inverse to the individual particles involved in the scattering. We explicitly find a scalar factor solving the crossing and unitarity conditions, and study the analytic structure of the resulting dressed R-matrix. The formulas we obtain bear some similarities with those familiar from the study of integrable structures in the Anti de Sitter (AdS) / Conformal Field Theory (CFT) correspondence, although they present obvious crucial differences.
Local decay for weak interactions with massless particles

We consider a mathematical model for the weak decay of the intermediate boson $Z^0$ into neutrinos and antineutrinos. We prove that the total Hamiltonian has a unique ground state in Fock space and we establish a limiting absorption principle, local decay and a property of relaxation to the ground state for initial states and observables suitably localized in energy and position. Our proofs rest, in particular, on Mourre's theory and a low-energy decomposition.
Interaction of a Vortex Induced by a Rotating Cylinder with a Plane

In this article,we study theoretically and numerically the interaction of a vortex induced by a rotating cylinder with a perpendicular plane. We show the existence of weak solutions to the swirling vortex models by using the Hopf extension method, and by an elegant contradiction argument, respectively. We demonstrate numerically that the model could produce phenomena of swirling vortex including boundary layer pumping and two-celled vortex that are observed in potential line vortex interacting with a plane and in a tornado.
Development of models and methods for the molecular simulation of large systems and molecules

The most important factor for quantitative results in molecular dynamics simulation are well developed force fields and models. In the present work, the development of new models and the usage of force fields from the literature in large systems are presented. Both tasks lead to time consuming simulations that require massively parallel high performance computing. In the present work, new models for carbon dioxide and cyclohexanolare discussed and a new method for the model development is introduced. Force fields and models for the simulation of PNIPAAm hydrogel in pure water and sodium chloride solution are tested and verified and applied to the simulation of nucleation processes.
The renormalized locally covariant Dirac field

The definition of the locally covariant Dirac field is adapted such that it may be charged under a gauge group and in the presence of generic gauge and Yukawa background fields. We construct renormalized Wick powers and time-ordered products. It is shown that the Wick powers may be defined such that the current and the stress-energy tensor are conserved, and the remaining ambiguity is characterized. We sketch a variant of the background field method that can be used to determine the renormalization group flow at the one loop level from the nontrivial scaling of Wick powers.
On orbifold constructions associated with the Leech lattice vertex operator algebra

Abstract In this paper, we study orbifold constructions associated with the Leech lattice vertex operator algebra. As an application, we prove that the structure of a strongly regular holomorphic vertex operator algebra of central charge 24 is uniquely determined by its weight one Lie algebra if the Lie algebra has the type A3,43A1,2, A4,52, D4,12A2,6, A6,7, A7,4A1,13, D5,8A1,2 or D6,5A1,12 by using the reverse orbifold construction. Our result also provides alternative constructions of these vertex operator algebras (except for the case A6,7) from the Leech lattice vertex operator algebra.
On a complex-symplectic mirror pair

We study the canonical Poisson structure on the loop space of the super-double-twisted-torus and its quantization. As a consequence we obtain a rigorous construction of mirror symmetry as an intertwiner of the N=2 super-conformal structures on the super-symmetric sigma-models on the Kodaira-Thurston nilmanifold and a gerby torus of complex dimension 2. As an application we are able to identify global moduli of equivariant generalized complex structures on these target spaces with moduli of equivariant orthogonal complex structures on the doubled geometry.
Powering the second 2012 outburst of SN 2009ip by repeating binary interaction

We propose that the major 2012 outburst of the supernova impostor SN 2009ip was powered by an extended and repeated interaction between the Luminous Blue Variable (LBV) and a more compact companion. Motivated by the recent analysis of Margutti et al. (2013) of ejected clumps and shells we consider two scenarios. In both scenarios the major 2012b outburst with total (radiated + kinetic) energy of ~5 x 10^{49} erg was powered by accretion of 2-5 solar masses onto the companion during a periastron passage (the first passage) of the binary system approximately 20 days before the observed maximum of the light curve. In the first scenario, the surviving companion scenario, the companion was not destructed and still exists in the system after the outburst. It ejected partial shells (or collimated outflows or clumps) for two consecutive periastron passages after the major one. The orbital period was reduced from ~38 days to ~25 days as a result of the mass transfer process that took place during the first periastron passage. In the second scenario, the merger scenario, some partial shells/clumps were ejected also in a second periastron passage that took place ~20 days after the first one. After this second periastron passage the companion dived too deep into the LBV envelope to launch more outflows, and merged with the LBV.
Extensions and fill-ins with non-negative scalar curvature

Motivated by the quasi-local mass problem in general relativity, we apply the asymptotically flat extensions, constructed by Shi and Tam in the proof of the positivity of the Brown–York mass, to study a fill-in problem of realizing geometric data on a 2-sphere as the boundary of a compact 3-manifold of non-negative scalar curvature. We characterize the relationship between two borderline cases: one in which the Shi–Tam extension has zero total mass, and another in which fill-ins of non-negative scalar curvature fail to exist. Additionally, we prove a type of positive mass theorem in the latter case.
Beyond lensing by the cosmological constant

The long-standing problem of whether the cosmological constant affects directly the deflection of light caused by a gravitational lens is reconsidered. We use a new approach based on the Hawking quasilocal mass of a sphere grazed by light rays and on its splitting into local and cosmological parts. Previous literature restricted to the cosmological constant is extended to any form of dark energy accelerating the universe in which the gravitational lens is embedded.
Smooth Contractive Embeddings and Application to Feynman Formula for Parabolic Equations on Smooth Bounded Domains

We prove two assumptions made in an article by Butko et al. (2010) concerning the existence of a strongly continuous operator semigroup solving a Cauchy-Dirichlet problem for an elliptic differential operator in a bounded domain and the existence of a smooth contractive embedding of a core of the generator of the semigroup into the space . Based on these assumptions, a Feynman formula for the solution of the Cauchy-Dirichlet problem is constructed in the article mentioned above. In this article, we show that the assumptions are fulfilled for domains with C 4, α-smooth boundary and coefficients in C 2, α.
Identification of a Functional Susceptibility Variant for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis that Upregulates Early Growth Response 1 (EGR1)‐Mediated UNCX Expression

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a serious health problem affecting 3% of live births all over the world. Many loci associated with AIS have been identified by previous genome wide association studies, but their biological implication remains mostly unclear. In this study, we evaluated the AIS‐associated variants in the 7p22.3 locus by combining in silico, in vitro, and in vivo analyses. rs78148157 was located in an enhancer of UNCX, a homeobox gene and its risk allele upregulated the UNCX expression. A transcription factor, early growth response 1 (EGR1), transactivated the rs78148157‐located enhancer and showed a higher binding affinity for the risk allele of rs78148157. Furthermore, zebrafish larvae with UNCX messenger RNA (mRNA) injection developed body curvature and defective neurogenesis in a dose‐dependent manner. rs78148157 confers the genetic susceptibility to AIS by enhancing the EGR1‐regulated UNCX expression. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Neutralization Epitopes in Trimer and Pentamer Complexes Recognized by Potent Cytomegalovirus-Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibodies

The majority of the global population is infected with HCMV, but severe complications occur only in immunocompromised individuals. In addition, CMV infection is a major cause of birth defects in newborns. ABSTRACT Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infects 36% to almost 100% of adults and causes severe complications only in immunocompromised individuals. HCMV viral surface trimeric (gH/gL/gO) and pentameric (gH/gL/UL128/UL130/UL131A) complexes play important roles in HCMV infection and tropism. Here, we isolated and identified a total of four neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) derived from HCMV-seropositive blood donors. Based on their reactivity to HCMV trimer and pentamer, these MAbs can be divided into two groups. MAbs PC0012, PC0014, and PC0035 in group 1 bind both trimer and pentamer and neutralize CMV by interfering with the postattachment steps of CMV entering into cells. These three antibodies recognize antigenic epitopes clustered in a similar area, which are overlapped by the epitope recognized by the known neutralizing antibody MSL-109. MAb PC0034 in group 2 binds only to pentamer and neutralizes CMV by blocking the binding of pentamer to cells. Epitope mapping using pentamer mutants showed that amino acid T94 of the subunit UL128 and K27 of UL131A on the pentamer are key epitope-associated residues recognized by PC0034. This study provides new evidence and insight information on the importance of the development of the CMV pentamer as a CMV vaccine. In addition, these newly identified potent CMV MAbs can be attractive candidates for development as antibody therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of HCMV infection. IMPORTANCE The majority of the global population is infected with HCMV, but severe complications occur only in immunocompromised individuals. In addition, CMV infection is a major cause of birth defects in newborns. Currently, there are still no approved prophylactic vaccines or therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for clinical use against HCMV infection. This study identified and characterized a panel of four neutralizing MAbs targeting the HCMV pentamer complex with specific aims to identify a key protein(s) and antigenic epitopes in the HCMV pentamer complex. The study also explored the mechanism by which these newly identified antibodies neutralize HCMV in order to design better HCMV vaccines focusing on the pentamer and to provide attractive candidates for the development of effective cocktail therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of HCMV infection.
New Canonical Decomposition in Matching Theory

In matching theory, one of the most fundamental and classical branches of combinatorics, {\em canonical decompositions} of graphs are powerful and versatile tools that form the basis of this theory. However, the abilities of the known canonical decompositions, that is, the {\em Dulmage-Mendelsohn}, {\em Kotzig-Lovasz}, and {\em Gallai-Edmonds} decompositions, are limited because they are only applicable to particular classes of graphs, such as bipartite graphs, or they are too sparse to provide sufficient information. To overcome these limitations, we introduce a new canonical decomposition that is applicable to all graphs and provides much finer information. We focus on the notion of {\em factor-components} as the fundamental building blocks of a graph; through the factor-components, our new canonical decomposition states how a graph is organized and how it contains all the maximum matchings. The main results that constitute our new theory are the following: (i) a canonical partial order over the set of factor-components, which describes how a graph is constructed from its factor-components; (ii) a generalization of the Kotzig-Lovasz decomposition, which shows the inner structure of each factor-component in the context of the entire graph; and (iii) a canonically described interrelationship between (i) and (ii), which integrates these two results into a unified theory of a canonical decomposition. These results are obtained in a self-contained way, and our proof of the generalized Kotzig-Lovasz decomposition contains a shortened and self-contained proof of the classical counterpart.
On a type of non-classical boundary condition of Lagrangian field

In the framework of the Lagrangian field theory, we derive a type of new non-classical natural boundary condition to be correlated with the mean curvature of boundary surface. Under the condition of homogeneity and isotropy, this type of boundary condition can be simplified into the Tolman's formula in which the size effect of surface tension is prescribed.