Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of posture and joint movements of the upper limbs of patients after mastectomy and lymphadenectomy

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate alterations in posture and range of motion of the upper limbs in women after mastectomy and lymphadenectomy, submitted to radiotherapy as adjuvant treatment. Methods: Two groups were evaluated: 16 post-mastectomy women with lymphedema of the upper limb and 14 post-mastectomy women without lymphedema. Patients were submitted to analysis made by software, one for posture and the other to measure ranges of movement of the shoulder, elbow, and wrists. The results obtained were compared between the right and left sides, and operated and non-operated sides, and then were submitted to statistical tests. Results: Both groups presented with anteriorization of the trunk. The women with lymphedema had head rotation to the right, protrusion of the left shoulder, and trunk inclination angle smaller on the operated side, besides bilateral elevation of the scapula when compared to the group with no lymphedema. Changes in range of motion were also smaller on the operated side in terms of flexion, abduction, and external rotation of the shoulder for all women, and for those with lymphedema, elbow extension and wrist flexion had a smaller range of motion. Conclusion: Women submitted to mastectomy presented with asymmetries and modifications in posture, and lymphedema seemed to worsen this condition. Additionally, they had deficits in range of motion in the shoulders on the operated side. Women with lymphedema also showed deficits in the elbows and wrist.
Finding the right level of abstraction for minimizing operational expenditure

In this paper we are examining the impact of modern programming language abstractions on total cost of ownership (TCO) of a financial computing operation. Our analysis is based on static and dynamic analysis of example financial software, based on our loop-flow graph (LFG) concept and our custom dynamic hotspot tool called MaxSpot. Our results show that, if the required throughput of an application is high enough, then operational expenditure is minimized by minimizing runtime and not programming effort.
The concept of lipid domains in membranes

In the past two decades or so there has been considerable advance in our knowledge of membrane structure. The fluid mosaic model of Singer and Nicolson (1) has had great heuristic value in thinking about membrane topology. In this model both proteins and lipids are free to diffuse in the bilayer, implying a random organization of protein and lipid. However, experimental evidence in diverse types of membranes and for several protein entities indicates that the lateral motion of most proteins is not determined primarily by free diffusion through a two-dimensional viscous fluid, but is constrained, probably by mechanisms such as interactions with cytoskeletal components. We will here present our evidence that lipids may also have nonhomogeneity in their lateral distribution, i.e., the lipid may be organized in domains, and that such organizational
An analysis of E‐business practices in the Arab culture

Purpose – This paper aims to shed some light on E‐business practices in the Arab culture.Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative approach based on observations.Findings – Identified several culturally‐based factors which impair E‐business practices in the Arab culture.Practical implications – Provides practical implications to Arab public and private sector leaders for enhancing E‐business practices.Originality/value – Provides initial insight into the nature of E‐business practices and their implications in the Arab culture.
Down-Regulation of Gab1 Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Migration in Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is a highly aggressive malignancy originating from the hilar biliary duct epithelium. Due to few effective comprehensive treatments, the prognosis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma is poor. In this study, immunohistochemistry was first used to detect and analyze the expression of Gab1, VEGFR-2, and MMP-9 in hilar cholangiocarcinoma solid tumors and the relationships to the clinical pathological features. Furthermore, Gab1 and VEGFR-2 siRNA were used to interfere the hilar cholangiocarcinoma cell line ICBD-1 and then detect the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, MMP-9 levels and malignant biological behaviors of tumor cells. The data showed that 1. Gab1, VEGFR-2, and MMP-9 were highly expressed and positively correlated with each other in hilar cholangiocarcinoma tissues, which were related to lymph node metastasis and differentiation. 2. After Gab1 or VEGFR-2 siRNA interference, PI3K/Akt pathway activity and MMP-9 levels were decreased in ICBD-1 cells. At the same time, cell proliferation decreased, cell cycle arrested in G1 phase, apoptosis increased and invasion decreased. These results suggest that the expression of Gab1, VEGFR-2, and MMP-9 are significantly related to the malignant biological behavior of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Gab1 regulates growth, apoptosis and invasion through the VEGFR-2/Gab1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells and influences the invasion of tumor cells via MMP-9.
CONSUMERS PERCEPTION TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING- THE CASE OF PUNJAB

India has more than 100 million internet users out of which one half opt for online purchases and the number is rising sharply every year. The growth in the number of online shoppers is greater than the growth in Internet users, indicating that more Internet users are becoming comfortable to shop online. The capability of purchasing without leaving your place is of great interest to many consumers. Not only does online shopping offer really good deals, but also brings optimum convenience to the consumers. Moreover, the use of Internet tools for price searching and comparison provides an additional advantage in consumersâ€™ final decision, as they can purchase their desired products in the lowest available price. This paper focuses on the understanding of demographic profiles of adopters and non-adopters of online shopping. For this purpose the data from 400 respondents was collected in the form of questionnaires. The study has been conducted in 3 cities of Punjab, a sample of urban respondents were selected from the Jalandhar, Ludhiana and Amritsar The paper also analyses the various reasons for adoption and non-adoption of online shopping.
Node Topology Effect on Target Tracking Based on UWSNs Using Quantized Measurements

On one hand, due to the energy and bandwidth constraint of underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs), local data quantization/compression is not only a necessity, but also an integral part of the design of UWSNs; on the other hand, since underwater nodes provide measurements for target tracking based on UWSNs, node topology, which is made up of the underwater nodes, may affect the performance of target tracking. This paper studies the effect of node topology on the target tracking in UWSNs using quantized measurements. Firstly, by using the knowledge of geometry, the effects of four typical topologies on target tracking using quantized measurements are analyzed qualitatively. The four typical topologies include two nodes are close to each other, three nodes are close to each other, three nodes are co-linear, and three nodes form a regular triangle. Secondly, under the condition of quantized measurements, the relationship between the posterior Cramer-Rao lower bound (PCRLB) and node's position is derived to evaluate the arbitrary topology. Thirdly, our target tracking scheme consisting of the optimal topology selection scheme by minimizing PCRLB, the optimal fusion center selection scheme by minimizing energy consumption, and the multisensor particle filter with quantized measurements is designed. Last, simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Commentary : Monetary Policy Implications of Greater Fiscal Discipline

The risks generally associated with public indebt edness were already clearly identified by Adam Smi th. In his principal work, The Wealth of Nations , he wrote: “The practice of funding has gradually enfeebled every state which has adopted i t. ” To me this does not mean that all public debt has to be called into questi on, even if influential politicians here in the United States are once again demanding a const itutional requirement of a bal nced budget. On the other hand, it is true that a government which incurs an increasing level of debt finds itself on a path bet ween Scylla and Charyb dis.
Robust and adaptive nonlinear regulation of thermoacoustic oscillations in Rijke-type systems

Nonlinear control of self-excited oscillations in a Rijke-type thermoacoustic system is considered. A commonly used thermoacoustic model with a number of monopole-like actuators is first introduced. The model is expressed in a nonlinear control-oriented form, which includes unmodeled nonlinearities and parametric uncertainty in both the thermoacoustic dynamics and in the actuator dynamics. A robust and adaptive nonlinear control law is developed to compensate for the parametric uncertainty and unmodeled nonlinearities. Challenges in the control design include input-multiplicative parametric uncertainty. This challenge is mitigated through careful algebraic manipulation in the regulation error system development along with a Lyapunov-based adaptive law. A rigorous Lyapunov-based stability analysis is used to prove that the nonlinear controller achieves asymptotic regulation of an uncertain thermoacoustic system with multiple modes.
La persistance des chocs de volatilité sur le marché des changes s'est-elle modifiée depuis le début des années quatre-vingts ?

Cet article vise a determiner si la persistance des chocs de volatilite affectant les taux de change les plus importants contre le dollar (DEM et YEN) s’est modifiee depuis le debut des annees quatre-vingts. Pour ce faire, nous avons recourt au modele GARCH fractionnellement integre (FIGARCH) qui, contrairement aux modeles usuels a heteroscedasticite conditionnelle (GARCH et IGARCH), fournit une mesure directe de cette persistance. Appliquees aux taux de change journaliers, nos estimations suggerent que, depuis les accords du Louvre en fevrier 1987, la persistance de long terme des chocs de volatilite sur le marche DEM-USD a eu tendance a diminuer. Par contre, cette tendance n’est pas observee pour le YEN. Des resultats auxiliaires pour le FRF et le GBP suggerent que la reduction de la persistance pourrait etre liee au SME.
MicroRNA-451: epithelial-mesenchymal transition inhibitor and prognostic biomarker of hepatocelluar carcinoma

Increasing evidence indicates that dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) plays critical roles in malignant transformation and tumor progression. Previously, we have shown that microRNA-451 (miR-451) inhibits growth, increases chemo- or radiosensitivity and reverses epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung cancer. However, the roles of miR-451 in hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) progression and metastasis are still largely unknown. Reduced miR-451 in HCC tissues was observed to be significantly correlated with advanced clinical stage, metastasis and worse disease-free or overall survival. Through gain- and loss-of function experiments, we demonstrated that miR-451 inhibited cell growth, induced G0/G1 arrest and promoted apoptosis in HCC cells. Importantly, miR-451 could inhibit the migration and invasion in vitro, as well as in vivo metastasis of HCC cells through regulating EMT process. Moreover, the oncogene c-Myc was identified as a direct and functional target of miR-451 in HCC cells. Knockdown of c-Myc phenocopied the effects of miR-451 on EMT and metastasis of HCC cells, whereas overexpression of c-Myc partially attenuated the functions of miR-451 restoration. Furthermore, miR-451 downregulation-induced c-Myc overexpression leads to the activation of Erk1/2 signaling, which induces acquisition of EMT phenotype through regulation of GSK-3β/snail/E-cadherin and the increased expression of MMPs family members in HCC cells. Collectively, these data demonstrated that miR-451 is a novel prognostic biomarker for HCC patients and that function as a potential metastasis inhibitor in HCC cells through activation of the Erk1/2 signaling, at least partially by targeting c-Myc. Thus, targeting miR-451/c-Myc/Erk1/2 axis may be a potential strategy for the treatment of metastatic HCC.
GIS and Statistical Groundwater Vulnerability Modeling

ArcGIS Desktop* and ArcGIS Workstation* were used to extract statistically significant information from various geospatial data sets for input into a statistical model of groundwater vulnerability. The product of this effort was a probability map that identified areas of vulnerability to groundwater-quality degradation. This information is of interest to a variety of water professionals because it provides a tool to help make educated decisions regarding the management of groundwater resources in the High Plains aquifer. Because the study area includes 174,000 mi2 in parts of eight States, a Geographic Information System (GIS) was required to efficiently extract information for 31 variables from 14 spatial-data layers at 6,416 well locations throughout the study area. The layers were both vector and raster and included information about depth to water, aquifer saturated thickness, aquifer hydraulic conductivity, aquifer specific yield, average annual precipitation rates, percentage of irrigated land and agricultural land (irrigated and nonirrigated), chemical application rates (nitrogen/phosphorus/pesticide), manure application rates, soil characteristics, and water-use estimates. For categorical data sets and certain continuous data sets (precipitation, depth to water, saturated thickness, hydraulic conductivity, specific yield, chemical applications, manure applications, and water use) the data were extracted directly from the layer at the location of each well by using a series of identity overlays. For other layers where information needed to be related to the area around a well (soil characteristics, percentage of irrigated land around a well, percentage of agricultural land around a well), buffers of varying sizes were created around each well and the information was inventoried for the buffer areas using both vector union techniques and raster map-algebra techniques. The extracted data were used as variable input for an iterative series of statistical calculations using logistic regression. These calculations determined which of the variables (layers) or combination of variables were significantly correlated with observed nitrate concentrations in the groundwater. The variables became part of an equation defining the probability of a dissolved constituent in the ground water to be above a specified concentration. Once the probability equation was defined, the appropriate GIS layers representing the significant variables were converted to raster data sets (if they were vector data sets; raster data sets were used as is) to utilize the map algebra capabilities of ArcGIS. The significant raster data layers, the equation, and its various coefficients for each layer were put back into the GIS and, using map algebra, the probability surface was calculated and then easily visualized using the GIS. *The use of trade names are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be considered an endorsement of a specific product by the U.S. Government.
Identification of Novel Compounds against an R294K Substitution of Influenza A (H7N9) Virus Using Ensemble Based Drug Virtual Screening

Influenza virus H7N9 foremost emerged in China in 2013 and killed hundreds of people in Asia since they possessed all mutations that enable them to resist to all existing influenza drugs, resulting in high mortality to human. In the effort to identify novel inhibitors combat resistant strains of influenza virus H7N9; we performed virtual screening targeting the Neuraminidase (NA) protein against natural compounds of traditional Chinese medicine database (TCM) and ZINC natural products. Compounds expressed high binding affinity to the target protein was then evaluated for molecular properties to determine drug-like molecules. 4 compounds showed their binding energy less than -11Kcal/mol were selected for molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to capture intermolecular interactions of ligand-protein complexes. The molecular mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) method was utilized to estimate binding free energy of the complex. In term of stability, NA-7181 (IUPAC namely {9-Hydroxy-10-[3-(trifluoromrthyl) cyclohexyl]-4.8-diazatricyclo [6.4. 0.02,6]dodec-4-yl}(perhydro-1H-inden-5-yl)formaldehyde) achieved stable conformation after 20ns and 27ns for ligand and protein root mean square deviation, respectively. In term of binding free energy, 7181 gave the negative value of -30.031 (KJ/mol) indicating the compound obtained a favourable state in the active site of the protein.
Terminal DNA structure and ATP influence binding parameters of the DNA-dependent protein kinase at an early step prior to DNA synapsis

The DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) regulates the non-homologous end-joining pathway of DNA double-strand break repair in mammalian cells. The ability of DNA-PKcs to sense and respond to different terminal DNA structures is postulated to be important for its regulatory function. It is unclear whether discrimination occurs at the time of formation of the initial protein–DNA complex or later, at the time of formation of a paired, or synaptic complex between opposing DNA ends. To gain further insight into the mechanism of regulation, we characterized the binding of DNA-PKcs to immobilized DNA fragments that cannot undergo synapsis. Results showed that DNA-PKcs strongly discriminates between different terminal structures at the time of initial complex formation. Although Ku protein stabilizes DNA-PKcs binding overall, it is not required for discrimination between terminal structures. Base mispairing, temperature and the presence of an interstrand linkage influence the stability of the initial complex in a manner that suggests a requirement for DNA unwinding, reminiscent of the ‘open complex’ model of RNA polymerase–promoter DNA interaction. ATP and a nonhydrolyzable ATP analog also influence the stability of the DNA-PKcs•DNA complex, apparently by an allosteric mechanism that does not require DNA-PKcs autophosphorylation.
The Westerbork Northern Sky Survey (WENSS) I. A 570 square degree Mini-Survey around the North Ecliptic Pole ?

The Westerbork Northern Sky Survey (WENSS) is a low-frequency radio survey that will cover the whole sky north of delta = 30 degrees at a wavelength of 92 cm to a limiting flux density of approximately 18 mJy (5 sigma(rms)). This survey has a resolution of 54 '' x 54 '' cosec delta and a positional accuracy for strong sources of 1.5 ''. Here we present a source list comprising 11299 sources and maps of 120 extended sources for a 570 square degree region around the north ecliptic pole, the so-called mini-survey. We discuss the errors and reliability of the source parameters and the completeness of the survey.
Cycle precise core based hardware/software system simulation with predictable event propagation

We present a simple technique for efficient cycle precise core based system simulator implementation. We first examine the current communication mechanisms in state-of-the-art digital embedded systems, and notice that few signals depend on signals set during the same cycle. Using a system model based on communicating finite state machines, we build a directed graph whose vertices are the FSMs, and whose arcs are the combinational, also known as Mealy, signals connecting them. We show that it is possible to schedule the order of evaluation of each FSM at compile-time as long as there is no cycle in this graph. We also show that using a topological sort on the graph provides a correct schedule. A system modeled in C including a MIPS R3000 microprocessor core, memories and a few other components interconnected on a PI-Bus simulated using this technique runs at around 150 K cycles per second on a Pentium 120.
Driving in Parkinson ’ s Disease Parkinson Hastalığında Sürücülük

64 Ad dress for Cor res pon den ce/Ya z›fl ma Ad re si: Betül Özdilek MD, Erenköy Spirit Neurological Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey Phone. : +90 216 302 59 59-417 E-mail: betulozdilek@yahoo.com Re cei ved/Ge lifl Ta ri hi: 26.03. 2014 Ac cep ted/Ka bul Ta ri hi: 21.04. 2014 Even though drivers with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are considered at higher for accidents due to associated visual, cognitive impairments as well as sleeping and movement disorders, no epidemiologic relationship between PD and accidents has been established. However, drivers with PD have been found to cease driving earlier than healthy controls of similar age. The medical diagnosis or the physician’s evaluation alone is not enough to decide driving fitness in drivers with PD. Evaluation of movement, cognitive and visual skills and traffic and driving simulation tests help to assess driving performance, however there are no wellestablished and standardized methods and guidelines to determine driver fitness in PD in Turkey or worldwide. Components of driving skills and evaluation of driving performance in PD along with the description of the status of driving research and assessments in Turkey and proposals to advance driving assessment in Turkey will be discussed in our manuscript. Developing a standardized evaluation methods and a multidisciplinary decision process for the patients with a neurodegenerative disease is very important to maintain their safe vehicular mobility for a long time. (Turkish Journal of Neurology 2014; 20:64-71)
The Relationship Between Governance Roles and Performance in Local Public Interorganizational Networks

Local public networks can be governed in many different ways. Among scholars as well as among practitioners, there is some debate about the best approach. Based on literature, this article examines the relationship between local public network governance roles, contingency factors, and network performance in a theoretically informed way. Governance roles are positioned on a continuum from top-down (commissioner) to bottom-up (facilitator), with an intermediate area (coproducer). How governance roles influence the performance of local public networks is assumed to depend on contingency factors, which might explain the inconsistent results of studies examining this influence. An integrated model of local public network governance is presented that includes four contingency factors: the number of network participants, diversity of network members, degree of customizability of service demands, and the number of new network participants. The model can be applied to the heterogeneous contexts that local governments encounter when governing local public networks.
Understanding immersive audio: A historical and socio-cultural exploration of auditory displays

This paper examines the historical and socio-cultural underpinnings of immersive audio seen from the paradigms of Acoustic Ecology and Acoustic Communication. The paper offers the view that in order to understand the many implications of immersive sound, both from a design perspective and from a cultural studies perspective, we need to first examine its social and technological histories. The paper explores examples and concepts of immersive sound from the natural, electroacoustic, digital and interactive domains, and presents a case study of Ec(h)o a real audioaugmented immersive museum installation.