Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic associative learning of vessel motion patterns at multiple spatial scales for maritime situation awareness

An improved neurobiologically inspired algorithm for situation awareness in the maritime domain is presented, which takes real-time tracking information and learns motion pattern models on-the- fly, enabling the models to adapt well to evolving situations while maintaining high levels of performance. The constantly refined models, resulting from concurrent incremental learning, are used to evaluate the behavior patterns of vessels based on their present motion states. Improvement to the associative learning law for learning temporal associations between vessel events enables conditional probabilities between events to be learned incrementally and locally. This allows weights in the learned model to be interpreted more readily, enabling better location prediction performance. Improvement in prediction performance is achieved by using multiple spatial scales to represent position, enabling the most relevant spatial scale to be used for local vessel behavior. Features and performance of these updates to the learning system using recorded data are described.
Novel Wideband Differential Bandpass Filters Based on T-Shaped Structure

Two novel wideband differential bandpass filters based on a T-shaped structure are proposed in this paper. Broad passband and wideband harmonic suppression for the differential/common mode can be easily achieved for the wideband differential filter without cross coupling, due to the controlled resonator frequencies of the shorted/open T-shaped structure. In addition, another more compact differential filter using cross coupling is proposed with two transmission zeros close to the passband to improve the selectivity for the differential mode. To verify the presented concept, two prototypes (εr = 2.65, h = 0.5 mm) with 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 70% and 70.7% for the differential mode and insertion loss greater than 13.5 dB for common mode (0-19 GHz) are designed and fabricated. Good agreement can be observed between measured results and theoretical expectations.
Constraint Based Modeling Going Multicellular

Constraint based modeling has seen applications in many microorganisms. For example, there are now established methods to determine potential genetic modifications and external interventions to increase the efficiency of microbial strains in chemical production pipelines. In addition, multiple models of multicellular organisms have been created including plants and humans. While initially the focus here was on modeling individual cell types of the multicellular organism, this focus recently started to switch. Models of microbial communities, as well as multi-tissue models of higher organisms have been constructed. These models thereby can include different parts of a plant, like root, stem, or different tissue types in the same organ. Such models can elucidate details of the interplay between symbiotic organisms, as well as the concerted efforts of multiple tissues and can be applied to analyse the effects of drugs or mutations on a more systemic level. In this review we give an overview of the recent development of multi-tissue models using constraint based techniques and the methods employed when investigating these models. We further highlight advances in combining constraint based models with dynamic and regulatory information and give an overview of these types of hybrid or multi-level approaches.
Encapsulated Bleb Excision with Collagen Matrix Implantation Following Failed Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation

Purpose To investigate the clinical features and surgical outcomes of encapsulated bleb excision with collagen matrix implantation performed in patients with failed Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation. Methods Eighteen eyes of 18 patients underwent encapsulated bleb excision and collagen matrix implantation. Patients were divided into two groups by reference to intraocular pressure (IOP) after preoperative ocular massage: group 1, patients who exhibited substantial IOP reductions; and group 2, patients who did not show substantial changes in IOP. Needling was conducted in group 2. The clinical features of the two groups were compared, including IOP changes after ocular massage and needling, AGV status, and surgical outcomes 6 months after surgery. Results The mean preoperative IOP among the 18 patients was 30.6 ± 5.7 mmHg. After ocular massage, the IOPs decreased by 22 and 26 mmHg in the two patients in group 1 and the 16 patients in group 2 showed a mean IOP reduction of 1.6 ± 2.2 mmHg (p = 0.013). IOPs decreased after needling in group 2 (range, 6 to 30 mmHg; p < 0.001). Fibrovascular tissue ingrowth into the AGV was observed in the two patients in group 1 and the same ingrowth was observed in 10 of the 16 patients in group 2. Six months after surgery the mean IOP among the 18 patients decreased significantly (19.1 ± 3.2 mmHg, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the mean postoperative IOP at 6 months between group 1 (14.0 ± 2.8 mmHg) and group 2 (19.8 ± 2.6 mmHg, p = 0.052). Conclusions Encapsulated bleb excision with collagen matrix implantation resulted in a significant IOP-lowering effect 6 months after surgery. Fibrovascular ingrowth into the AGV was common but did not seem to be a major cause of AGV implantation failure.
Research Paper: Characteristics and Consequences of Drug Allergy Alert Overrides in a Computerized Physician Order Entry System

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine characteristics of drug allergy alert overrides, assess how often they lead to preventable adverse drug events (ADEs), and suggest methods for improving the allergy-alerting system. DESIGN Chart review was performed on a stratified random subset of all allergy alerts occurring during a 3-month period (August through October 2002) at a large academic hospital. MEASUREMENTS Factors that were measured were drug/allergy combinations that triggered alerts, frequency of specific override reasons, characteristics of ADEs, and completeness of allergy documentation. RESULTS A total of 6,182 (80%) of 7,761 alerts were overridden in 1,150 patients. In this sample, only 10% of alerts were triggered by an exact match between the drug ordered and allergy listed. Physicians' most common reasons for overriding alerts were "Aware/Will monitor" (55%), "Patient does not have this allergy/tolerates" (33%), and "Patient taking already" (10%). In a stratified random subset of 320 patients (28% of 1,150) on chart review, 19 (6%) experienced ADEs attributed to the overridden drug; of these, 9 (47%) were serious. None of the ADEs was considered preventable, because the overrides were deemed clinically justifiable. The degree of completeness of patients' allergy lists was highly variable and generally low in both paper charts and the CPOE system. CONCLUSION Overrides of drug-allergy alerts were common and about 1 in 20 resulted in ADEs, but all of the overrides resulting in ADEs appeared clinically justifiable. The high rate of alert overrides was attributable to frequent nonexact match alerts and infrequent updating of allergy lists. Based on these findings, we have made specific recommendations for increasing the specificity of alerting and thereby improving the clinical utility of the drug allergy alerting system.
M2M communication in Smart Grids: Implementation scenarios and performance analysis

The idea of mass deployment of an Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) for Smart Grids has been explored and evaluated in this paper. Since smart meters with a wireless interface that can connect to the utility provider's server via a backhaul network forms the basic building block of an AMI, it is a good paradigm for an M2M application in Smart Grids. The relevant standardization efforts by 3GPP and ETSI are discussed along with other perceived application scenarios for M2M communication. An example architecture is then proposed and evaluated with clusters of smart meters that transfer their data via UMTS network to a server. The performance evaluation is carried out considering network throughput, latency, and the data generated by the smart meters using both TCP and UDP traffic. The results indicate that there is a substantial reduction in delay when UDP traffic is considered when compared to TCP traffic generated by the smart meters.
The Utility of Difference-Based Reasoning

The traditional approach to problem solving examines a current situation in isolation, ignoring the existence of previous experience. More recent analogical approaches look for previous, similar cases and attempt to infer further similarity from existing similarity. What has been overlooked is the power that identifying a disanalogy provides. Identifying disanalogies enables one to learn and reason by focusing on what is different between two similar situations, rather than on what is the same. This paper describes a technique called difference-based reasoning which exploits differences found between two otherwise identical situations to focus search and generate plausible hypotheses. The technique's power and diversity is demonstrated with implemented examples from theory formation, diagnosis, and failure explanation in planning.
Selective strategies in food webs

Since the time of Lotka and Volterra, interactions among populations and more generally evolution of ecological systems have been modelled by differential or difference equations. Since various strategies may influence the interactions among different populations and thus the fate of the whole system, complex systems cannot be described by coupling many one-prey-one-predator differential equations. These strategies are both internal (e.g. due to selective feeding) and external (e.g. due to interactions of the environment with the system). In the literature, man-made strategies (i.e. controls) were considered especially in connection with the management of renewable resources (see Clark, 1976). Internal strategies were studied in connection with switching (Legovic, 1989; Murdoch et al., 1975; Oaten & Murdoch, 1975; Pulliam, 1981; Roughgarden, 1979). Several factors may determine feeding preferences for predators. For example, in the case of Acanthaster planci feeding on different coral species (Moran, 1986), these factors comprise abundance of corals, accessibility of corals, nutritional value of corals, etc. In g~neral, it is often believed that predators forage so as to maximize their short-term rate of resource intake. In this paper we consider systems of interacting populations, each of which may utilize several resources and at the same time be a resource for others. Therefore different populations may adopt different strategies. The main questions are: what is a strategy and which strategies will be adopted? Or, in other words, according to which criteria should be strategies be chosen? It seems reasonable to postulate that any population optimizes some given quantity. This leads us to adopt the following procedure. We assume that the various populations choose strategies so that some given quantities are optimized at any time. In other words, at any instant the system 281
P3ERS: Privacy-Preserving PEer Review System

Even though they integrate some blind submission functionalities, current conference review systems, such as EasyChair and EDAS, do not fully protect the privacy of authors and reviewers, in particular from the eyes of the program chair. As a consequence, their use may cause a lack of objectivity in the decision process. In~this paper, we address this issue by proposing P3ERS (for Privacy-Preserving PEer Review System), a distributed conference review system based on group signatures, which aims at preserving the privacy of all participants involved in the peer review process. For~this purpose, we have improved on a generic group signature scheme with revocation features and implemented it in order to ensure the anonymity of the submission and the reviewing phases. We argue that P3ERS could contribute to increase objectivity during the conference review process while maintaining privacy of the various participants.
Fast Renewal of the Distal Colonic Mucus Layers by the Surface Goblet Cells as Measured by In Vivo Labeling of Mucin Glycoproteins

The enormous bacterial load and mechanical forces in colon create a special requirement for protection of the epithelium. In the distal colon, this problem is largely solved by separation of the bacteria from the epithelium by a firmly attached inner mucus layer. In addition, an outer mucus layer entraps bacteria to be cleared by distal transport. The mucus layers contain a network of Muc2 mucins as the main structural component. Here, the renewal rate of the inner protective mucus layer was studied as well as the production and secretion of Muc2 mucin in the distal colon. This was performed by intraperitoneal injection of N-azidoacetyl-galactosamine (GalNAz) that was in vivo incorporated during biosynthesis of O-glycosylated glycoproteins. The only gel-forming mucin produced in the colon is the Muc2 mucin and as it carries numerous O-glycans, the granulae of the goblet cells producing Muc2 mucin were intensely stained. The GalNAz-labeled glycoproteins were first observed in the Golgi apparatus of most cells. Goblet cells in the luminal surface epithelium had the fastest biosynthesis of Muc2 and secreted material already three hours after labeling. This secreted GalNAz-labeled Muc2 mucin formed the inner mucus layer. The goblet cells along the crypt epithelium accumulated labeled mucin vesicles for a longer period and secretion of labeled Muc2 mucin was first observed after 6 to 8 h. This study reveals a fast turnover (1 h) of the inner mucus layer in the distal colon mediated by goblet cells of the luminal surface epithelium.
Sciatic nerve division: a cadaver study in the Indian population and review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve, with a long course in the inferior extremity. Its division into the tibial and common peroneal nerves can occur at any level from the sacral plexus to the inferior part of the popliteal space. These anatomical variations may contribute to clinical conditions such as piriformis syndrome, sciatica and coccygodynia. METHODS This study was performed on cadavers in order to study the level of sciatic nerve division. The inferior extremities of 43 cadavers were classified into six groups depending on the level of sciatic nerve division in the gluteal region, the upper, middle and lower parts of the back of the thigh, and the popliteal fossa. RESULTS The highest incidence of sciatic nerve division (40.7 percent) was observed in the lower part of the posterior compartment of the thigh. In 34.9 percent of the specimens, the sciatic nerve was divided into tibial and common peroneal nerves in the popliteal fossa. 16.3 percent of extremities showed sciatic nerve division proximal to its entrance in the gluteal region. CONCLUSION In sciatic nerve neuropathies, the extent of neurological deficits depends on the level of sciatic nerve division. Sciatic nerve division into tibial and common peroneal components at a higher level can result in the involvement of only one out of the two divisions from sciatic neuropathy. It can also result in a failure of the sciatic nerve block while performing popliteal block anaesthesia.
Modeling and design of tether powered multicopter

Recently, micro unmanned aerial vehicles (MUAVs), particularly multicopters, are expected to be used for rescue missions and investigations all over the world. However, their operating time for conducting actual missions is currently quite short, typically 20 minutes or less. To extend the flight time, and to prevent the multicopter from leaving the flight area caused by incorrect operations, it is proposed to use an electrical cable as a tether to supply electric power for to the multicopter. To realize such a system, the cable selection is critical. Therefore, in this research, we model the electrical devices (motors and ESCs) on the multicopter, and discuss the optimal cable selection. In this paper, we propose our cable selection method, and introduce our power-feeding tether system that can be carried by unmanned ground vehicles.
Social Choice : From Consensus to Personalized Decision Making

We develop a general framework for social choice problems in which a limited number of alternatives can be recommended to an agent population. In our budgeted social choice model, this limit is determined by a budget, capturing problems that arise naturally in a variety of contexts, and spanning the continuum from pure consensus decision making (i.e., standard social choice) to fully personalized recommendation. Our approach applies a form of segmentation to social choice problems— requiring the selection of diverse options tailored to different agent types—and generalizes certain multi-winner election schemes. We show that standard rank aggregation methods perform poorly, and that optimization in our model is NP-complete; but we develop fast greedy algorithms with some theoretical guarantees. Experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithms.
Cholesterol Metabolism Is Required for Intracellular Hedgehog Signal Transduction In Vivo

We describe the rudolph mouse, a mutant with striking defects in both central nervous system and skeletal development. Rudolph is an allele of the cholesterol biosynthetic enzyme, hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 7, which is an intriguing finding given the recent implication of oxysterols in mediating intracellular Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. We see an abnormal sterol profile and decreased Hh target gene induction in the rudolph mutant, both in vivo and in vitro. Reduced Hh signaling has been proposed to contribute to the phenotypes of congenital diseases of cholesterol metabolism. Recent in vitro and pharmacological data also indicate a requirement for intracellular cholesterol synthesis for proper regulation of Hh activity via Smoothened. The data presented here are the first in vivo genetic evidence supporting both of these hypotheses, revealing a role for embryonic cholesterol metabolism in both CNS development and normal Hh signaling.
Sequence learning: from recognition and prediction to sequential decision making

2 1094-7167/01/$10.00 © 2001 IEEE IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS So, it’s logical that sequence learning is an important component of learning in many task domains of intelligent systems: inference, planning, reasoning, robotics, natural language processing, speech recognition, adaptive control, time series prediction, financial engineering, DNA sequencing, and so on. Naturally, the unique perspectives of these domains lead to different sequence-learning approaches. These approaches deal with somewhat differently formulated sequence-learning problems (for example, some with actions and some without) and with different aspects of sequence learning (for example, sequence prediction versus sequence recognition). Despite the plethora of approaches, sequence learning is still difficult. We believe that the right approach to improving sequence learning is to first better understand the state of the art in the different disciplines related to this topic. This requires comparing, contrasting, and combining the existing techniques, approaches, and paradigms, to develop better, more powerful algorithms. Toward that end, we present here a brief tutorial on sequence learning.
A Dynamic Model of Extreme Risk Coverage: Resilience and Efficiency in the Global Reinsurance Market

This paper presents a dynamic model of the reinsurance market for catastrophe risks. The model is based on the classical capacity-constraint assumption. Reinsurers choose every year the quantity of risk they cover and the level of external capital they raise to cover these risks. The model exhibits time dependency and reproduces a market dynamics that shares many features with the real market. In particular, market price increases and reinsurance coverage decreases after large shocks, and a series of smaller losses may have a deeper impact than one larger loss. There is a significant oligopoly effect reducing reinsurance supply, and the market is segregated into strategic large actors that influence market prices and price-taker smaller firms. A regulation trade-off between market efficiency and resilience is identified and quantified: improving the ability of the market to cope with exceptional events increases the cost of reinsurance. This model provides an interesting basis to analyze further capacity needs for the insurance industry in view of growing worldwide exposure to catastrophic risks and climate change.
Thermoelectric generator electrical performance based on temperature of thermoelectric materials

In space applications, the radioisotope thermoelectric generators are being used for the power generation. The energy storage devices like fuel cells, solar cells cannot function in remote areas, in such cases the power generating systems can work successfully for generating electrical power in space missions. The efficiency of thermo electric generators is around 5% to 8% . Bismuth telluride has high electrical conductivity (1.1 x 105S.m /m2) and very low thermal conductivity (1.20 W/ m.K). A Thermoelectric generator has been built up consisting of a Bi2Te3 based on thermoelectric module. The main aim of this is when four thermoelectric modules are connected in series, the power and efficiency was calculated. The thermoelectric module used is TEP1-1264-1.5. This thermoelectric module is having a size of 40mmx40mm. The hot side maximum temperature was 1600C where the cold side temperature is at 400C. At load resistance, 15Ω the maximum efficiency calculated was 6.80%, at temperature of 1600C. The maximum power at this temperature was 15.01W, the output voltage is 16.5V, and the output current is 0.91A. The related and the corresponding graphs between efficiency, power, output voltage, output current was drawn at different temperatures. The efficiency of bismuth telluride, thermoelectric module is greater than other thermoelectric materials.
Benefit Cost Analysis and the Entanglements of Love

Suppose that after careful thought, a parent reports that she is willing to pay up to $100 to save her child from one day of cold symptoms. How can we use her answer and those of other parents to analyze the benefit of public projects that affect child health? Would it make sense to calculate the expected number of child days of cold symptoms that a project would prevent and to multiply this number by the average willingness to pay of a sample of parents? But if a child has two parents, maybe we should value the child’s health at the sum of the two parents’ willingness to pay. Or, if the two parents’ answers differ, perhaps we should use the maximum or perhaps the minimum of their two answers. And what of the child’s own valuation on improved health? Why shouldn’t we count that as well? To answer questions like these, we need to
Introducing pattern cards for mixed reality game design

This paper describes a set of playing cards creating a pattern language for designing Mixed Reality games. The deck of cards was used in a two-week workshop with users inexperienced in the field of Mixed Reality game design. The paper talks about the design process that led to the current version of the cards and presents positive initial findings resulting from the workshop regarding the applicability and usefulness of the cards.