Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic keyword extraction system for Thai website categorization system

In this information era, the number of websites in the Internet has dramatically increased over a few years. Any information and services can be retrieved from the website. However, the most valuable content of the website is still a text which is related to the topic or category of the websites. But there has only few researches focusing on categorizing Thai language information. The rest of researches which focus on Thai language information do not use the automatic system. Moreover, the complexity of the algorithms and computation time are high. These models are not flexible to add any new terms that occur all the time. In this paper, we propose the automatic keyword extraction system and Thai website categorization system which can automatically update the dictionary and categorize website in Thai. The dictionary is a collection of vector which is created from the automatic keyword extraction system. The result in term of accuracy shows that our system can yield the F-measure up to 0.96.
Cell-ECM traction force modulates endogenous tension at cell–cell contacts

Cells in tissues are mechanically coupled both to the ECM and neighboring cells, but the coordination and interdependency of forces sustained at cell-ECM and cell–cell adhesions are unknown. In this paper, we demonstrate that the endogenous force sustained at the cell–cell contact between a pair of epithelial cells is approximately 100 nN, directed perpendicular to the cell–cell interface and concentrated at the contact edges. This force is stably maintained over time despite significant fluctuations in cell–cell contact length and cell morphology. A direct relationship between the total cellular traction force on the ECM and the endogenous cell–cell force exists, indicating that the cell–cell tension is a constant fraction of the cell-ECM traction. Thus, modulation of ECM properties that impact cell-ECM traction alters cell–cell tension. Finally, we show in a minimal model of a tissue that all cells experience similar forces from the surrounding microenvironment, despite differences in the extent of cell-ECM and cell–cell adhesion. This interdependence of cell–cell and cell-ECM forces has significant implications for the maintenance of the mechanical integrity of tissues, mechanotransduction, and tumor mechanobiology.
The Death Distress Construct and Scale

The purpose of this research was to construct a short scale to assess the death distress construct, that is, death anxiety, death depression, and death obsession as derivatives from the already existing scales. A sample of 630 volunteer undergraduates responded to scales of death anxiety, death depression, and death obsession. A Pearson correlation matrix was computed using the 51 individual items of the three scales. A forced three-factor principal components analysis with orthogonal varimax rotation was carried out. Eight items with factor loading > 0.5 on each scale was determined. The eight items with highest factor loadings on Factor I were with “Death obsession,” whereas the Factors II and III were labeled: “Death anxiety,” and “Death depression. ” Their alpha reliabilities ranged from 0.83 to 0.93, indicating high internal consistency. One week test retest reliability ranged between 0.76 and 0.91, indicating temporal stability. A single high-loaded factor of death distress was disclosed, demonstrating the discriminant validity of the death distress construct and scale. Women obtained a significantly higher mean scores on all three factors. It was concluded that the aforementioned three factors were sufficiently independent to justify their use in assessing partially distinct sub-constructs as sub-components of the generic high-order factor of death distress, with empirical and clinical implications.
Estimating the switching costs in wireless telecommunication market

Purpose - Switching cost is an important concept in the study of consumer loyalty which has implications for organizational business strategy and regulatory policies. Much research has already examined the formation and influence of switching costs on the consumers' repeated purchase intentions, but little research has focused on quantitative measurement of the switching cost itself. This paper aims to address this issue. Design/methodology/approach - By game theory, a complete Nash-Bertrand model is proposed to accurately estimate consumer switching costs considering price compensation and transport costs in a duopoly. The relationship between switching costs and market structure is then analyzed by using the example of Hong Kong's wireless telecommunication market. From the observed data of China's wireless telecommunication industry, the model calculates switching costs per year of China Mobile and China Unicom's users respectively, as well as other variables. Findings - The results demonstrate that reducing consumer switching costs will benefit small operators and increase competition in a winner-take-all market. Originality/value - The model is valuable in calculating unseen switching costs and studying the impact of switching costs on market structure, especially for a duopoly in telecommunication.
Animal personas: acknowledging non-human stakeholders in designing for sustainable food systems

This paper describes the development and application of a non-human animal persona in designing to support co-operative and free-range animal agriculture. This work is grounded in case study research of a small free-range egg farm, through which field and interview work were undertaken. We demonstrate how existing user-centred design tools, such as the persona, can be used to better reflect co-operative farming philosophies and more meaningfully represent both farmer and animal stakeholders within the design process. This approach is theoretically orientated within sustainable HCI and Animal Computer Interaction (ACI), which is itself an extension of HCI. The species-specific persona of a chicken allows representation and ensures that the animal, which is made deliberately invisible within factory and intensive farming, is made visible through and within the design of an online system. By making explicit the implicit assumptions we hold about an animal, such personas provide a tool for thinking, design, and further discussion.
Characteristics of a Medical Tourism Industry: The Case of South Korea

ABSTRACT This study investigates the process involved in developing a medical tourism industry in South Korea as a case country, one of the fastest growing countries with strong potential in the medical tourism industry. It analyzed 252 articles on medical tourism posted on the websites of the Korean Tourism Organization and the Korean International Medical Association. Both sources are highly representative portal websites for medical tourism in the country. The article aims to enhance understanding of medical tourism as a new growth industry while identifying its key developmental characteristics and makes valuable suggestions for the industry that can be reflected to other countries. The study contributes theoretically and practically by examining the unique and updated characteristics and process of positioning of this recently emerging field in the global tourism industry.
Culture as a Resource: Four Cases of Self-Managed Indigenous Craft Production in Latin America

The production of indigenous crafts in Latin America for tourist and export markets depends on the commoditization of indigenous culture. While in many cases craft production for export has exacerbated increasing economic and political marginalization of the producers,' in some instances craft production has resulted in self-managed economic development that strengthens local cultural institutions. Four such cases include the Otavelefios of Ecuador, the Nahua and the Zapotec of Mexico, and the Kuna of Panama. In these cases, self-management and successful entrepreneurship are linked to an internal reinforcement of local cultural identity. While these cases of commercialized craft production also reflect increasing socioeconomic differentiation within producing communities indicative of incipient class formation, emerging class conflict in the relations of production is often mediated and redirected through kin-based relations of social reproduction built into local cultural institutions. The playing out of these relations of social reproduction can provide for a cohesive community identity when posed in relation to larger society and outside government and business agents seeking to gain control of indigenous craft production. Outside appropriation of indigenous culture, whether for political or economic purposes, results in the "packaging" of indigenous identity, the content of which is largely determined by dominant external institutions and actors. Nevertheless, the creation of a marketable indigenous identity is not without consequences for the internal life of a community. In communities with a history of independent craft production for exchange (for sale) that maintain noncapitalist economic
Intestinal receptor for heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli is tightly coupled to a novel form of particulate guanylate cyclase

A novel form of particulate guanylate cyclase tightly coupled by cytoskeletal components to receptors for heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) produced by Escherichia coli can be found in membranes from rat intestinal mucosa. Intestinal particulate guanylate cyclase was resistant to solubilization with detergent alone, with only 30% of the total enzyme activity being extracted with Lubrol-PX. Under similar conditions, 70% of this enzyme was solubilized from rat lung membranes. The addition of high concentrations of sodium chloride to the extraction buffer resulted in greater solubilization of particulate guanylate cyclase from intestinal membranes. Although extraction of intestinal membranes with detergent and salt resulted in greater solubilization of guanylate cyclase, a small fraction of the enzyme activity remained associated with the particulate fraction. This activity was completely resistant to solubilization with a variety of detergents and chaotropes. Particulate guanylate cyclase and the ST receptor solubilized by detergent retained their abilities to produce cyclic GMP and bind ST, respectively. However, ST failed to activate particulate guanylate cyclase in detergent extracts. In contrast, guanylate cyclase resistant to solubilization remained functional and coupled to the ST receptor since enzyme activation by ST was unaffected by various extraction procedures. The possibility that the ST receptor and particulate guanylate cyclase were the same molecule was explored. ST binding and cyclic GMP production were separated by affinity chromatography on GTP-agarose. Similarly, guanylate cyclase migrated as a 300,000-dalton protein, while the ST receptor migrated as a 240,000-dalton protein on gel filtration chromatography. Also, thiol-reactive agents such as cystamine and N-ethylmaleimide inhibited guanylate cyclase activation by ST, with no effect on receptor binding of ST. These data suggest that guanylate cyclase and the ST receptor are independent proteins coupled by cytoskeletal components in membranes of intestinal mucosa.
Quantitative Assessment of Proprioception Using Dynamometer in Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury Patients: A Preliminary Study

Objective To investigate the feasibility of a knee proprioception evaluation using a dynamometer as a tool for evaluating proprioception of the lower extremities in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI), and to explore its usefulness in predicting the ambulatory outcome. Methods A total of 14 SCI patients (10 tetraplegic, 4 paraplegic; all AIS D) were included in this study. The passive repositioning error (PRE) and active repositioning error (ARE) were measured with a dynamometer, along with tibial somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) and abductor hallucis motor-evoked potential (MEP). Ambulatory capacity was assessed with the Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury II (WISCI-II), both at the time of the proprioception test (WISCI_i) and at least 6 months after the test (WISCI_6mo). Results The PRE showed a negative correlation with WISCI_i (r=-0.440, p=0.034) and WISCI_6mo (r=-0.568, p=0.010). Linear multiple regression showed the type of injury, lower extremities motor score, MEP, and PRE accounted for 75.4% of the WISCI_6mo variance (p=0.080). Conclusion Proprioception of the knee can be measured quantitatively with a dynamometer in patients with incomplete SCI, and PRE was related to the outcome of the ambulatory capacity. Along with the neurological and electrophysiological examinations, a proprioception test using a dynamometer may have supplementary value in predicting the ambulatory capacity in patients with incomplete SCI.
Diagnostic utility of light transmission platelet aggregometry: results from a prospective study of individuals referred for bleeding disorder assessments

Summary. Background: Light transmission aggregometry (LTA) is commonly performed to assess individuals for bleeding disorders. Objectives: The goal was to evaluate the incidence and spectrum of platelet function abnormalities in a prospective cohort of individuals referred for bleeding disorder assessments after exclusion of thrombocytopenia and von Willebrand disease. Patients/methods: Subjects were healthy controls and patients from a prospective cohort of individuals referred for bleeding disorder assessments after exclusion of thrombocytopenia and von Willebrand disease. LTA was performed by standardized methods using platelet‐rich plasma adjusted to 250 × 109 platelets L−1. Maximal aggregation data were analyzed to determine the likelihood of detecting a platelet function disorder by LTA, and the sensitivity and specificity of LTA for platelet disorders. Results: The incidence of false positive LTA among subjects excluded of having bleeding disorders was similar to healthy controls. Abnormal LTA was more common in subjects with bleeding disorders and the likelihood of a bleeding disorder was significantly increased (odds ratio 32) when maximal aggregation was reduced with two or more agonists. Receiver operator curve analyses indicated that LTA had high specificity and moderate sensitivity for detecting inherited defects in platelet function and that the LTA agonists 1.25 μg mL−1 collagen, 6 μM epinephrine, 1.6 mM arachidonic acid and 1.0 μM thromboxane analogue U44619 detected most inherited disorders with abnormal LTA. Conclusions: LTA is valuable for detecting platelet function abnormalities among individuals referred for bleeding problems, particularly when the test indicates abnormal responses to multiple agonists.
Antiarrhythmic and antifibrillatory actions of the levo- and dextrorotatory isomers of sotalol.

The electrocardiographic responses to programmed ventricular stimulation and acute posterolateral myocardial ischemia were studied in conscious dogs treated with the resolved optical isomers of sotalol. Studies were conducted 3-7 days after anterior myocardial infarction to determine the relative contributions of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade and direct Class III electrophysiologic actions in the antiarrhythmic and antifibrillatory actions of the isomers. With cumulative i.v. administration of up to 8 mg/kg, both the beta-blocking levorotatory isomer and the dextrorotatory isomer suppressed the induction of ventricular tachyarrhythmias by programmed stimulation in at least 50% of dogs tested. Both isomers produced equivalent 15-20% increases in normal zone ventricular refractoriness, thereby preventing propagation of programmed ventricular extrastimuli of sufficient prematurity to elicit tachyarrhythmias. The levorotatory isomer of sotalol prolonged the PR interval; the administration of the dextrorotatory isomer increased QTc and, in several dogs, was associated with the development of ventricular ectopy. The prior administration of 8 mg/kg of either optical isomer of sotalol prevented the immediate spontaneous development of ventricular fibrillation in response to ischemia at a distance from the previous site of infarction. These results suggest that alterations in ventricular refractoriness may underlie the antiarrhythmic and antifibrillatory actions of the optical isomers of sotalol and of racemic sotalol.
Going Nowhere Slowly? Land, Livelihoods and Rural Development in the Eastern Cape

Colonial dichotomies continue to operate quite freely in the present … Of these dichotomies, that between “modernity” and “tradition” has proved to be the most enduring. The first axis – modernity – is associated with progress, development, “the West”, science and technology, high standards of living, rationality and order; the other axis – tradition – is associated with stasis or even stagnation, underdevelopment, conventional tools and technologies, poverty, superstition and disorder. (Gupta. 1998:48) Knowledge is like light. Weightless and intangible, it can easily travel the world, enlightening the lives of people everywhere. Yet billions of people still live in the darkness of poverty – unnecessarily. (World Bank, 1999:1)
Role of the supraoptic nucleus in regulation of parturition and milk ejection revisited

This review will focus on the activity of oxytocin neurons in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and some factors that regulate their function during parturition and milk ejection in the rat. The level of oxytocin increases in the blood during parturition following a regression of the corpus luteum. The increase in oxytocin secretion is presumably a consequence of releasing the oxytocin neurons from restraining inhibitory influences of endogenous opioids‐, nitric oxide‐, and GABA‐containing neurons following declining blood levels of progesterone on the one hand and increasing levels of estrogen on the other during late pregnancy. However, the principal stimulus for the increased oxytocin release is believed to originate, at least in part, from mechanical stimulation to the uterine cervix by fetuses near term, the resultant uterine contractile activity, and the fetal expulsion reflex. Hence, the contractile activity of the uterus acts through positive feedback mechanisms during parturition to stimulate oxytocin neurons as well, and this further increases the secretion of oxytocin. During suckling in lactating rats, somatosensory stimuli from the pups induce intermittent synchronized burst firing of oxytocin neurons, resulting in pulsatile increases in blood oxytocin concentrations to cause milk ejection. The oxytocin neurons appear to have an intrinsic capability to fire in a bursting fashion as determined by observation of this phenomenon in brain slice or tissue culture preparations. The release of oxytocin within the microenvironment of the SON and paraventricular nucleus coupled with morphological reorganization in these nuclei play important roles in the bursting activity of each oxytocin neuron and synchronization in vivo. However, the mechanism responsible for the synchronization of electrical activity in oxytocin neurons in the four discrete hypothalamic nuclei remains an interesting unanswered question. Microsc. Res. Tech. 56:113–121, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electronic commerce usage in business‐to‐business purchasing

As the Clinton administration recently released its plan for developing world‐wide information superhighways and making electronic communications a national priority, a growing number of firms have shown increased interest in electronic commerce (EC) as an effective business‐to‐business purchasing tool. A high level of interest in EC is piqued by its ability to reduce order cycle time, paperwork, order processing error, and procurement cost. Realizing such managerial benefits, buying firms need to reassess their current business‐to‐business purchasing strategy which, in most cases, still relies on traditional paper‐based transactions. To identify strategic variables that influence the successful implementation of EC and then help evaluate the strategic importance of EC to business‐to‐business purchasing, this paper reports the findings of an empirical study of US purchasing organizations.
A Dynamic Model of Milk Production Response for Pakistan

Economists have long been analysing the determinants of milk production while focusing on the relationship between milk price and production. Brandow (1953) used a single equation regression procedure to estimate the supply response function for the United States. Halvorson (1955) also used a single equation regression . procedure to analyse the determinants of milk production per cow and found milk production to be highly price inelastic. In another study, Halvorson (1958) used the Nerlovian distributed lag model to estimate both short-run and long-run price elasticities of milk production. Here, he found the long-run price elasticities of United States milk production to be in the range of 0.30 to 0.50. Chen et af. (1972) estimated milk production response for both a polynomial and a geometrically declining distributed lag price structure. They found long-run price elasticity to be 2.53. Buckwell (1982) adapted a theory of farm size demonstrated by Kislev and Peterson (1982) to model milk production behaviour in England and Wales. Burton (1984) used a model of the United Kingdom dairy sector to determine simultaneously herd size, number of culls, replacement heifer price, and milk price. In a recent study, Chavas and Kraus (1990) developed a dynamic model of a dairy cow population and milk supply response and applied it to the US Lake States. The authors also calculated dynamic supply elasticities and found the response of supply to market prices to be very inelastic in the short run. In the case of Pakistan, very few attempts· have been made to analyse the determinants of milk production. Anjum et af. (1989) estimated a simple two equation simulation model for milk production. The model includes one price equation which is explained by per capita production and per capita income. The other equation aims at explaining changes in milk production with the help of changes in the retail price of milk. The objective of this paper is to estimate the milk supply response function for Pakistan using a specification which incorporates lags of explanatory variables within the context of the Polynomial Distributed Lag Model and one-period lag of the dependent variable within the context of the Stock Adjustment Model. The paper also aims at estimating dynamic supply elasticities of milk production.