Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A controlled trial of intermittent enteral nutrient supplementation in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

OBJECTIVE This controlled trial was undertaken to evaluate the benefits of short-term enteral nutrient supplementation in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients using a high-calorie and high-protein blend formula (low-cost home-prepared [HP] blend or a commercially available supplement) and to study its effect on selected parameters of nutritional status. The acceptability and palatability of the HP blend formula, ease of use, and cost were also assessed in comparison with the commercial nutritional supplement (CNS). DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING Hemodialysis (HD) unit of a tertiary referral care hospital in Southern India. PATIENTS Nondiabetic adult MHD patients with no intercurrent illness, on regular thrice weekly MHD for at least 1 month before recruitment, with a body mass index (BMI) <20 and a serum albumin level of <4.0 g/dL. Patients were randomized into control group and experimental group, the latter in turn to recieve either CNS or HP blend. INTERVENTION The control group received appropriate monitoring, including dietary recall and counselling for the prescribed diet (protein intake of 1.2 g/kgIBW/d and energy of 35 to 45 kcal/kgIBW/d) but no specific post-HD supplement. Patients in the supplement group received the respective supplement post-HD (providing 500 kcal and 15 g protein) for 1 month in addition to the monitored diet prescription. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES (1) Nutritional status parameters, BMI and serum albumin; (2) functional status on a 10-point Karnofsky scale; (3) adverse metabolic effects, hyperphosphatemia at start and end of study; and (4) subjective scoring for appetite, and acceptability of and tolerance to supplement. RESULTS Both groups showed an improvement in dry weight and BMI. In addition, the supplement group showed a significant increase in serum albumin level and functional scoring. Mild hyperphosphatemia occurred in the supplement group. An increase in baseline food intake was seen in the control group, but not in the supplemented group. No intolerance was reported to either supplement. CONCLUSION Enteral nutrient supplementation was shown to bring about a significant improvement in serum albumin level even in a short-term study. Use of an HP supplement was beneficial, acceptable, and inexpensive.
Knot concordance and higher-order Blanchfield duality

The filtration is important because of its strong connection to the classification of topological 4‐manifolds. Here we introduce new techniques for studying C and use them to prove that, for each n2 N0 , the group Fn=Fn:5 has infinite rank. We establish the same result for the corresponding filtration of the smooth concordance group. We also resolve a long-standing question as to whether certain natural families of knots, first considered by Casson‐Gordon and Gilmer, contain slice knots. 57M25; 57M10
P300 Evoked Potential in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

CONFLICT OF INTEREST: NONE DECLARED Aim The aim of this study is to present differences of amplitude and latency of P300 wave between examinees with mild cognitive impairment and examinees from the control group. Methods A cross-section study was performed between April 1st and July 10th 2012, with the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment as the main criterion for inclusion. In the twenty-two examinees who participated in the research, mild cognitive impairment was confirmed by neuropsychological testing, following which they were subjected to the examination of auditory evoked potentials. The control group consisting of 22 examinees, for which the lack of the same diagnosis was previously ascertained, was also subjected to the examination of auditory evoked potentials. The main findings were the differences in the latency and amplitude size of P300 wave targeted and non-targeted stimuli. Results The latency of P300 wave targeted stimuli in patients with mild cognitive impairment has, in statistical terms, proven to be significantly longer when compared to the control group. The average latency length in those with MCI amounted to 306.18 ms, whereas the latency in the control group came to 295.95 ms. Similarly, the latency length of non-targeted stimuli turned out to be statistically higher, with the length of 320.00 ms in the former group, and 301.36 ms in the latter. Amplitudes in patients with mild cognitive impairment were lower in comparison to the control group, with extremely low amplitudes recorded in 36.36% of patients. Conclusion In patients with mild cognitive impairment extended latency and lower amplitude of P300 wave are recorded.
Osteopontin: A Multifunctional Molecule Regulating Chronic Inflammation and Vascular Disease

Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional molecule highly expressed in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and it is specifically localized in and around inflammatory cells. OPN is a secreted adhesive molecule, and it is thought to aid in the recruitment of monocytes-macrophages and to regulate cytokine production in macrophages, dendritic cells, and T-cells. OPN has been classified as T-helper 1 cytokine and thus believed to exacerbate inflammation in several chronic inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. Besides proinflammatory functions, physiologically OPN is a potent inhibitor of mineralization, it prevents ectopic calcium deposits and is a potent inducible inhibitor of vascular calcification. Clinically, OPN plasma levels have been found associated with various inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular burden. It is thus imperative to dissect the OPN proinflammatory and anticalcific functions. OPN recruitment functions of inflammatory cells are thought to be mediated through its adhesive domains, especially the arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) sequence that interacts with several integrin heterodimers. However, the integrin receptors and intracellular pathways mediating OPN effects on immune cells are not well established. Furthermore, several studies show that OPN is cleaved by at least 2 classes of proteases: thrombin and matrix-metalloproteases (MMPs). Most importantly, at least in vitro, fragments generated by cleavage not only maintain OPN adhesive functions but also expose new active domains that may impart new activities. The role for OPN proteolytic fragments in vivo is almost completely unexplored. We believe that further knowledge of the effects of OPN fragments on cell responses might help in designing therapeutics targeting inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases.
The human being fully alive : writings in celebration of Brian Thorne

Introduction Jeff Leonardi Walking the Talk: Potent therapy is a risky business Jan Hawkins Caring for the Soul as the Keystone in Health Care Mia Leijssen What We Are Meant to Be: Evolution as the transformation of consciousness Jeff Leonardi On Faith and Nihilism: A considerable relationship Dave Mearns Mindfulness and the Person-Centred Approach Judy Moore and Alison Shoemark Spirituality, Focusing and the Truth Beyond Concepts Campbell Purton The Person and Evil Peter F. Schmid
Fish oils and human diet

Trends in global fish catches are described together with fish landlings and fish consumption in the UK. The importance of n–6 and n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as essential constituents of human diets is considered and the role of oily fish as a dietary source of the long-chain n–3 polyunsaturates, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, is emphasized. The origin ofn–3 polyunsaturates in the marine phytoplankton and their transmission via zooplankton to fish is described as a means of understanding the consumption of different fish body oils. The ease with which the fatty acid composition of fish body oils can be manipulated by altering the fatty acid composition of their feeds is emphasized and the dietary requirements of marine and freshwater fish for n–3 and n–6 polyunsaturates considered. Farming fish on diets containing principally fish meal and fish oil, as used in salmon production in Scotland, generates a high quality product with levels of long-chain n–3 polyunsaturates equalling or exceeding those of wild fish. Farming fish on high quality marine oils rich in docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids is an efficient means of delivering these essential nutrients in human diets and also efficiently exploiting a strictly limited marine bioresource.
Vehicles scheduling of hazardous materials transportation considering safety and customer satisfaction

Rationally arranging hazardous materials (hazmat) t ransport lines is of great significance to prevent, reduce accidents and improve transportation efficiency. Co nsidering the transportation safety, customer satis faction and transportation cost, a multi-objective vehicle sche duling discrete optimization model with soft time w indow constraints, which is no dependence on risk paramet ers, was created in this paper. A 0-1 integer progr amming model with 3 goals can be constructed to describe describ e the problem. A multi-objective processing method was utilized to translate the problem into a single objective probl em. A hybrid genetic algorithm was worked out to so lve the model. Finally, a numerical example was given to verify th e model and algorithm. The results indicate that th e convergence can be quickly and effectively realized, and that tand stability of the algorithm was ve rified. This model can be applied to provide a decision scheme for haz mat transportation enterprises to transport dangero us goods, when it is difficult to obtain a large number of st atistics, and difficult to guarantee the reliability of the model parameters.
Counselling people labelled with asperger syndrome

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Student participation and teaching innovation: The perspective of knowledge transfer in the process of teaching

School education belongs to the category of service industry. Students are the significant sources of new ideas about teaching innovation. The paper has put forward three dimensions of students participating in teaching activities, analyzed the influence mechanism of student participation on teaching innovation, and disclosed the relationship between student participation and teaching innovation from the perspective of knowledge transfer.
INTERSAFE-2 architecture and specification

This paper details the European Commission funded INTERSAFE-2 project's rationale, system architecture and specifications. It explains the different modes of operation of the system required for different complexity of intersections and how the architecture is designed to be flexible enough to cope with this. It then details the three individual vehicle demonstrators including the safety functions they will implement and the sensors chosen for them. The infrastructure sensors and operation are then described before finally discussing some options for human-machine-interface (HMI) and actuation.
A Chosen-Plaintext Method of CPA on SM4 Block Cipher

In this paper, we will present a chosen-plaintext method of CPA on SM4 block cipher. This attack consists of a chosen-plaintext method and a transformed CPA attack. The chosen-plaintext method is used to decrease the computation complexity to guess the round register value and the transformed CPA attack is introduced to improve the effect of CPA attack. We accomplished hardware implement on Sasebo-Gii and power analysis, whose result proved that it takes 5000 traces to recover the key successfully by our method, while the normal CPA method needs 270000 traces.
Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a predictive biomarker for the detection of acute kidney injury in adult poisoning

Abstract Context: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication in intoxicated patients. Recently, a new biomarker - neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) - was used to predict AKI in patients who were critically ill or had sepsis. Objective: To evaluate the utility of plasma NGAL as an early predictor of AKI in adults with acute poisoning. Materials and methods: This retrospective, observational, cohort study was conducted between December 2013 and November 2014. A total of 157 consecutive adult patients who presented to the emergency department (Level 1 regional center) of Kyungpook National University Hospital, a tertiary teaching hospital in Daegu, Korea, within 24 h of poisoning were included. Initial plasma NGAL levels and laboratory parameters were concurrently measured upon hospital arrival. AKI was defined according to Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria. Development of AKI was predicted using plasma NGAL levels and by analyzing the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results: The overall rate of AKI was 14.6% (n = 23). Plasma NGAL levels in the AKI group were higher than those in the non-AKI group (median, 310 vs. 86 ng/mL; p <0.001). Additionally, baseline NGAL levels allowed for better prediction of AKI than initial creatinine levels. The AUC of plasma NGAL was 0.895 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.832–0.941), with a cut-off value of 227 ng/mL (sensitivity, 76.2%; specificity, 95.8%). Plasma NGAL had a higher predictive capacity for AKI than serum creatinine (AUC 0.741, 95% CI: 0.662–0.810), base deficit (AUC 0.795, 95% CI: 0.701–0.870), lactate (AUC 0.781, 95% CI: 0.690–0.856), and anion gap (AUC 0.636, 95% CI: 0.535–0.730). Conclusion: Plasma NGAL may serve as a good predictor of AKI in cases of adult poisoning.
Fish Reproduction Is Disrupted upon Lifelong Exposure to Environmental PAHs Fractions Revealing Different Modes of Action

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constitute a large family of organic pollutants emitted in the environment as complex mixtures, the compositions of which depend on origin. Among a wide range of physiological defects, PAHs are suspected to be involved in disruption of reproduction. In an aquatic environment, the trophic route is an important source of chronic exposure to PAHs. Here, we performed trophic exposure of zebrafish to three fractions of different origin, one pyrolytic and two petrogenic. Produced diets contained PAHs at environmental concentrations. Reproductive traits were analyzed at individual, tissue and molecular levels. Reproductive success and cumulative eggs number were disrupted after exposure to all three fractions, albeit to various extents depending on the fraction and concentrations. Histological analyses revealed ovary maturation defects after exposure to all three fractions as well as degeneration after exposure to a pyrolytic fraction. In testis, hypoplasia was observed after exposure to petrogenic fractions. Genes expression analysis in gonads has allowed us to establish common pathways such as endocrine disruption or differentiation/maturation defects. Taken altogether, these results indicate that PAHs can indeed disrupt fish reproduction and that different fractions trigger different pathways resulting in different effects.
Proposição de um modelo para avaliar a gestão do conhecimento no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos

Este artigo descreve um modelo de avaliacao da gestao do conhecimento (GC) no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos (PDP), focalizado no mapeamento da ocorrencia de quatro tipos de conversoes do conhecimento nas quatro dimensoes do PDP. Melhor desempenho desse processo e obtido por meio de um trabalho integrado com suas quatro dimensoes: estrategia; organizacao; fluxo de informacoes e atividades; recursos. Em estudo bibliografico extenso, apoiado pelo estado-da-arte da literatura de GC e PDP, foram encontradas diversas referencias que mostram direta (melhores praticas) ou indiretamente (hipoteses) os relacionamentos entre os detalhamentos das dimensoes do PDP com as conversoes do conhecimento. Apoiado por este estudo, um modelo relacionando a GC com o PDP foi construido, focado na analise e investigacao das diversas relacoes entre conversoes e dimensoes. O artigo apresenta em detalhes a construcao teorica do modelo de avaliacao da GC no PDP. Palavras-chave Gestao do conhecimento. Conversoes do conhecimento. Processo de desenvolvimento de produtos. Proposal of an evaluation model of knowledge management in the product development process Abstract This paper describes a model of knowledge management (KM) assessment in the product development process (PDP), mainly focused on mapping the occurrence of the four types of knowledge conversion in the four dimensions of PDP. A better performance in the (PDP) is gotten through an integrated work in all of its four dimensions: strategy; organization; information flow and activities; and resources. In an extensive bibliographical study (supported by “state of the art” of KM and PD literature) several references have been found that show direct (best practices) or indirectly (hypotheses) the correlation of one or more deployments of the PDP dimensions with the knowledge conversions. Supported by this study a first model was set up for KM in PDP, structured in the analysis and investigation of the several relationships among conversions and dimensions during this process. This paper will present the detailed theoretical construction of such evaluation method. Keywords Knowledge management. Knowledge conversions. Product
Effects of Information on Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Golden Rice

We examine the effects of information on consumer bidding behavior using a uniform-price auction with four units supply for golden rice. Our findings show that mean willingness to pay (WTP) bids are highest under positive information, followed by no information, negative information, and unexpectedly lowest with two-sided information. Participants might have put more weight on the negative when faced with both positive and negative information. There is also a minor difference in WTP with respect to the reference price between positive information and no information. Furthermore, the marginal effect on WTP of positive information vis-a-vis no information is minimal. This suggests that the positive information faced by consumers might not be compelling enough to drastically increase WTP bids for a genetically modified product such as golden rice. Copyright 2009 The Authors. Journal compilation 2009 East Asian Economic Association and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
On applications of high-frequency asymptotics in aeroacoustics

The aim of this paper is to survey a range of applications of high–frequency asymptotic methods in aeroacoustics. Specifically, we are concerned with problems associated with noise generation, propagation and scattering as found in large modern aeroengines. With regard to noise generation, we consider the interaction between high–frequency vortical waves and thin aerofoils, with particular emphasis being placed on the way in which the vortical waves act on the non–uniform mean flow around the aerofoil. A ray–theoretic description of the resulting sound as it propagates along the engine intake is then presented, followed by consideration of the diffraction of these rays by the (possibly asymmetric) intake lip to produce sound in the far field. A range of more detailed possible extensions is also presented.
Biosocial Influences on Offending Across the Life Course

This chapter presents major biological and biosocial findings in relation to the development of offending. It reviews empirical findings on the association between two psychophysiological factors, heart rate and skin conductance, and offending. The chapter then discusses the heritability of antisocial behavior and the contribution of genetics to the understanding of developmental trajectories, stability, and change in offending. The structural and functional brain abnormalities in antisocial individuals across different age groups are then discussed, along with research on hormones and neurotransmitters. Next, the chapter highlights the applications of neuropsychology in the understanding of offending across the life span and reviews research on pre- and perinatal factors related to later offending. It concludes with potential areas for future research.
Urinary Cadmium and Osteoporosis in U.S. Women ≥50 Years of Age: NHANES 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

Background Urinary cadmium (U-Cd) has been associated with decreased peripheral bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis. This association, however, has not been confirmed using femoral BMD, the international standard for diagnosing osteoporosis, at levels < 1.0 μg Cd/g creatinine. Objectives Our goal was to investigate the statistical association between U-Cd, at levels ≤ 1 μg/g creatinine, and osteoporosis, as indicated by hip BMD and self-report in a population-based sample of U.S. women ≥ 50 years of age. Methods We drew data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys for 1988–1994 (n = 3,207) and 1999–2004 (n = 1,051). Osteoporosis was indicated by hip BMD cutoffs based on the international standard and self-report of physician diagnosis. We analyzed U-Cd levels for association with osteoporosis using multiple logistic regression. Results Women ≥ 50 years of age with U-Cd levels between 0.50 and 1.00 μg/g creatinine were at 43% greater risk for hip-BMD–defined osteoporosis, relative to those with levels ≤ 0.50 μg/g (odds ratio = 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–2.00; p = 0.04). We observed similar effect estimates using self-report of physician-diagnosed osteoporosis. Smokers did not show a statistically increased risk. Conclusions Results suggest that U.S. women are at risk for osteoporosis at U-Cd levels below the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s 3-μg/g safety standard. Given null findings among smokers, dietary Cd, rather than tobacco, is the likely source of Cd-related osteoporosis risk for the U.S. female population ≥ 50 years of age.
A numerical experiment on sea surface temperature anomalies and warm winter in Japan

Impact of the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) on atmospheric circulations are studied with emphasis on the winter climate in Japan with the use of an atmospheric general circulation model. The empirical orthogonal function analyses are performed for precipitation, geopotential height at 500mb and surface air temperature. It is shown that leading eigenvectors of precipitation are zonally elongated in the tropics and that the distribution of positive and negative precipitation anomalies is dependent on the SST and precipitation field in the control run. Surface air temperature in East Asia is mostly governed by the temperature contrast between Japan-East China region and the Sea of Okhotsk. This is associated with high pressure anomalies in the North Pacific Ocean, which weakens the cold surge from Siberia. This circulation is found in the first eigenvector in the present experiment El(Z500) and is dominant in the run which uses the composited January SSTA observed during warm winter in Japan. The simulated anomalies in mid-latitude circulation correspond well with the observations. An additional run with the SSTA over the equator east of the dateline gives the largest anticyclonic circulation response over the North Pacific Ocean and the warmest surface air temperature anomalies in East Asia. The pattern relevant to warm winter in Japan is not a simple atmospheric response to tropical heating. It is conceivable that inherently there is a dominant circulation mode like El(Z500) and that this mode can be activated either by a direct and/or an indirect orographic effect or by anomalous heating induced by the SSTA. This pattern can be understood as a response to subtropical mass source/sink distribution under the framework of a linear theory.