Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Netography: Troubleshoot your network with packet behavior in SDN

Network troubleshooting is always a tough and daunting task for network operators to struggle with, due to difficultly observed network state, large network size and limited tools such as ping and traceroute. Software-defined networking (SDN) brings us the centralized network control and the customized network management over the entire network, which enables new ways of network troubleshooting. Previous efforts focus on static checking, passive monitoring and active probing, which rely on scraping rules from either controller or network devices. Since those rules describe the actions supposed to be performed on packets, the actions having been performed on packets can be different. We propose the concept of packet behavior to describe the real changes of packets and highlight its importance towards network troubleshooting. Based on the novel approach of exporting packet behavior and flow rules via copies triggered by probes being actively sent, we present the design of Netography system and illustrate the procedures of troubleshooting tasks regarding forwarding errors as well as performance degradation caused by non-tenant-contention reasons. We implement a prototype and verify our system on a small deployment with three typical use cases.
Parallel Image Processing Concepts

Image processing is a task of analysing the image and produces a resultant output in linear way. Image processing tasks are widely used in many applications domains, including medical imaging, industrial manufacturing, entertainment and security systems. Often the size of the image is very large, the processing time has to be very small and usually real-time constraints have to be met. The image analysis requires a large amount of memory and cpu performance, to cope this problem image processing task is parallelized. Parallelism of image analysis task becomes a key factor for processing a huge raw image data. Parallelization allows a scalable and flexible resource management and reduces a time for developing image analysis program. This paper presenting, the automatic parallelization of image processing task in a distributed system, in which suitable subtasks for parallel processing are extracted and mapped with the components of distributed system. This paper presents different design issues of parallel image processing in distributed system. Which helps the image analysis tasks that how to post processing the image in parallel. This technique is quite interactive especially when developing parallel program, as this requires little efforts for finding a suitable distribution of program module and data.
A high-speed general-purpose externally compensated operational amplifier

Although most modern monolithic solid state operational amplifiers (op-amps) are internally compensated, externally compensated units provide an invaluable degree of freedom to analog designers. As a result, these op-amps offer true 'general purposeness,' since allowing the user to choose the amplifier's compensation can drastically improve performance in many applications. This thesis proposes a design of a high speed, general purpose externally compensated operational amplifier using a modern complementary bipolar process. Thesis Supervisor: James K. Roberge Title: Professor of Electrical Engineering Thesis Supervisor: Stefano D'Aquino Title: Senior Design Engineer, Analog Devices Inc.
Reduction and Exact Algorithms for the Disjunctively Constrained Knapsack Problem

We are concerned with a variation of the knapsack problem (KP), where some items are incompatible with some others. As in ordinary KPs, each item is associated with profit and weight, we have a knapsack of a fixed capacity, and the problem is to determine the set of items to be packed into the knapsack. However, the knapsack is not allowed to include incompatible pairs of items. The knapsack problem with these additional constraints is referred to as the disjunctively constrained knapsack problem (DCKP). We present an algorithm to solve this problem to optimality by combining the Lagrangian relaxation with the pegging test for ordinary KPs. The developed algorithm solves DCKPs with several thousands of items within a reasonable computing time.
Inverse of Political Risk GDP Inverse of Expropriation Risk

Many emerging market economies oscillate between periods of high and low growth (see Aguiar and Gopinath, 2007). These changes in growth regimes generate business cycles that are markedly different from the ones observed in developed countries: consumption and investment are volatile relative to output, and net exports are strongly counter-cyclical. This volatility is often accompanied by sharp changes in the policy environment as well. For example, figure 1 shows the relationship between two measures of expropriation and political risk and real GDP for Argentina between 1984 and 2007. For easy comparison to the GDP series, the risk factors are inverted so that an increase in the index corresponds to a decrease in risk, and all series are normalized to 100 in 1984.1 The risk factor series are highly correlated with output.2 When GDP is higher than average, the institutions and government policies in Argentina foster growth, as measured by increased political stability, enhanced respect for property rights, and stronger contract enforcement. In Aguiar et al. (forthcoming), we develop a framework to understand these policy reversals and the associated economic volatility. In particular, we explore the joint dynamics of sovereign debt, investment, and expropriation risk in a small open economy model. Our departing point from previous work was the introduction of two political economy frictions. ∗Prepared for the January 2009 AEA Annual Meeting. We thank Thomas Sampson for excellent research assistance. 1The measures of risk are taken from Political Risk Services (PRS). The Expropriation Risk Index is a scaled version of the PRS Investment Profile series, which summarizes the government’s attitude toward inward investment based on four risk factors: expropriation, taxation, repatriation, and labor costs. The Political Risk index assigns risk points to a group of factors, of which, the Investment Profile variable is one. Real GDP is from the World Development Indicators. 2The correlation between the inverse measure of expropriation risk and GDP is 0.68, and the political risk and GDP is 0.71.
Chipless identification applied to human body

We report in this paper the study of the identification of persons using a Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) chipless tag. Obtained results show that a robust identification is possible due to the capability of the tag to generate a cross polarization that is used for the identification. Simulations and measurements of a chipless tag placed on a body have been made. By this way, the tag could be easily designed to be an integral part of a clothing.
Chemical Changes Associated with Increased Acid Resistance of Er:YAG Laser Irradiated Enamel

Background. An increase in the acid resistance of dental enamel, as well as morphological and structural changes produced by Er:YAG laser irradiation, has been reported. Purpose. To evaluate the chemical changes associated with acid resistance of enamel treated with Er:YAG laser. Methods. Forty-eight enamel samples were divided into 4 groups (n = 12). Group I (control); Groups II, III, and IV were irradiated with Er:YAG at 100 mJ (12.7 J/cm2), 200 mJ (25.5 J/cm2), and 300 mJ (38.2 J/cm2), respectively. Results. There were significant differences in composition of irradiated groups (with the exception of chlorine) and in the amount of calcium released. Conclusions. Chemical changes associated with an increase in acid resistance of enamel treated with Er:YAG laser showed a clear postirradiation pattern characterized by a decrease in C at. % and an increase in O, P, and Ca at. % and no changes in Cl at. %. An increased Ca/P ratio after Er:YAG laser irradiation was associated with the use of higher laser energy densities. Chemical changes produced by acid dissolution showed a similar trend among experimental groups. Stable or increased Ca/P ratio after acid dissolution was observed in the irradiated groups, with reduction of Ca released into the acid solution.
Anger, hostility, and posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults: a meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis synthesizes the available data on the strength of association between anger and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and between hostility and PTSD, covering 39 studies with trauma-exposed adults. Effect sizes did not differ for anger and hostility, which could therefore be combined; effect sizes for anger expression variables were analyzed separately. The analyses revealed large effects. The weighted mean effect size (r) was . 48 for anger-hostility, . 29 for anger out, . 53 for anger in, and -. 44 for anger control. Moderator analyses were conducted for anger-hostility, showing that effect sizes were substantially larger with increasing time since the event and that effect sizes were larger in samples with military war experience than in samples that had experienced other types of traumatic events.
Combining Spatial and Telemetric Features for Learning Animal Movement Models

We introduce a new graphical model for tracking radio-tagged animals and learning their movement patterns. The model provides a principled way to combine radio telemetry data with an arbitrary set of user-defined, spatial features. We describe an efficient stochastic gradient algorithm for fitting model parameters to data and demonstrate its effectiveness via asymptotic analysis and synthetic experiments. We also apply our model to real datasets, and show that it outperforms the most popular radio telemetry software package used in ecology. We conclude that integration of different data sources under a single statistical framework, coupled with appropriate parameter and state estimation procedures, produces both accurate location estimates and an interpretable statistical model of animal movement.
Three elements of self-regulated learning: Metacognitive functioning, self-efficacy, and study behavior

Individuals' metacognitive insight regarding their own performances – what people think they know about what they know – is often flawed. Students' metacognitive functioning was examined in two studies. In Study 1, exam performance estimates compared with actual scores were assessed across three in-class exams. Results demonstrated a systematic tendency for lower performers to overestimate their exam performances. Top performers underestimated their performance. In Study 2, an incentive to be as accurate as possible in exam performance estimations ($50 gift card) did not reduce estimation miscalculations for either bottom or top performers. In Study 1, higher levels of students' self-efficacy (one's confidence that they can successfully complete a given task) were associated with higher levels of academic performance. Additionally, students with higher self-efficacy tended to use more cognitively based ("active") study strategies. Further analysis of study behavior demonstrated a positive correlation between reported use of active study behaviors and exam score and a negative correlation between reported use of passive study behaviors and exam score. Students who were both high on the active study behavior measure and low on the passive study behavior measure scored highest on the exam. Implications for successful self-regulated learning were discussed.
Adult Asthma Consensus Guidelines update 2003.

BACKGROUND Several sets of Canadian guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma have been published over the past 15 years. Since the last revision of the 1999 Canadian Asthma Consensus Report, important new studies have highlighted the need to incorporate new information into the asthma guidelines. OBJECTIVES To review the literature on adult asthma management published between January 2000 and June 2003; to evaluate the influence of the new evidence on the recommendations made in the 1999 Canadian Asthma Consensus Guidelines and its 2001 update; and to report new recommendations on adult asthma management. METHODS Three specific topics for which new evidence affected the previous recommendations were selected for review: initial treatment of asthma, add-on therapies in the treatment of asthma and asthma education. The resultant reviews were discussed in June 2003 at a meeting under the auspices of the Canadian Thoracic Society, and recommendations for adult asthma management were reviewed. RESULTS The present report emphasises the importance of the early introduction of inhaled corticosteroids in symptomatic patients with mild asthma; stresses the benefit of adding additional therapy, preferably long-acting beta2-agonists, to patients incompletely controlled on low doses of inhaled corticosteroids; and documents the essential role of asthma education. CONCLUSION The present report generally supports many of the previous recommendations published in the 1999 Canadian Asthma Consensus Report and provides higher levels of evidence for a number of those recommendations.
PENGARUH TOTALITAS KERJA DAN MODAL PSIKOLOGIS TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA DRIVER GOJEK DI JAKARTA SELATAN

This study aims to determine the effect of the work engagament and psychological capital to job satisfaction drivers gojek. Through this research is expected to find out how far the influence of the totality of work and psychological capital on the drivers of gojek. This research uses quantitative approach with regression analysis method, and validation test of construct using Confirmation Factor (CFA) technique. The sample numbered 175 drivers gojek. The sample of research was determined by using non probability sampling technique. The data collection instrument using Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) developed by Spector, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) was developed by Schaufeli and Bakker and Psychological Capital Questionner (PCQ-24) developed by Luthans, Avolio, et al., 2007. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant influence of the variable influence of work engagement and psychological capital with a significance value of 0.000 or p <0.05 to job satisfaction. So the nil hypothesis (Ho) that exist in the major hypothesis in this study was rejected. The result of the test of the minor hypothesis examining the influence of 7 IV, there are two nil hypothesis (Ho) rejected, it means that there are two IV that have significant effect on job satisfaction, the absorption and resilience variable, while the vigor variable, dedication, self efficacy, optimism and hope effect on job satisfaction. DOI:10.15408/tazkiya.v22i2. 8405
Exchange Rate Flexibility and Credit During Capital Inflow Reversals: Purgatory…Not Paradise

We identify periods of capital inflows reversals—looking at both gross and net capital flows—and document the behavior of macro and credit variables in economies with different degrees of exchange rate flexibility. We find that more exchange rate flexibility moderates credit swings during capital flow cycles, mainly because it is associated with milder credit growth during the boom. Flexibility, however, cannot completely shield the economy from a credit reversal. We observe what we dub as a recovery puzzle: credit growth in economies with more flexible exchange rate regimes remains tepid well after the capital flow reversal takes place. This results stress potential complementarity of macro-prudential policies with the exchange rate regime. More flexible regimes could help smoothing the credit cycle through capital surcharges and dynamic provisioning that build buffers to counteract the credit recovery puzzle. In contrast, more rigid exchange rate regimes would benefit the most from measures to contain excessive credit growth during booms, such as reserve requirements, loan-to-income ratios, and debt-to-income and debt-service-to-income limits.
Listeria monocytogenes Internalin B Activates Junctional Endocytosis to Accelerate Intestinal Invasion

Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) uses InlA to invade the tips of the intestinal villi, a location at which cell extrusion generates a transient defect in epithelial polarity that exposes the receptor for InlA, E-cadherin, on the cell surface. As the dying cell is removed from the epithelium, the surrounding cells reorganize to form a multicellular junction (MCJ) that Lm exploits to find its basolateral receptor and invade. By examining individual infected villi using 3D-confocal imaging, we uncovered a novel role for the second major invasin, InlB, during invasion of the intestine. We infected mice intragastrically with isogenic strains of Lm that express or lack InlB and that have a modified InlA capable of binding murine E-cadherin and found that Lm lacking InlB invade the same number of villi but have decreased numbers of bacteria within each infected villus tip. We studied the mechanism of InlB action at the MCJs of polarized MDCK monolayers and find that InlB does not act as an adhesin, but instead accelerates bacterial internalization after attachment. InlB locally activates its receptor, c-Met, and increases endocytosis of junctional components, including E-cadherin. We show that MCJs are naturally more endocytic than other sites of the apical membrane, that endocytosis and Lm invasion of MCJs depends on functional dynamin, and that c-Met activation by soluble InlB or hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) increases MCJ endocytosis. Also, in vivo, InlB applied through the intestinal lumen increases endocytosis at the villus tips. Our findings demonstrate a two-step mechanism of synergy between Lm's invasins: InlA provides the specificity of Lm adhesion to MCJs at the villus tips and InlB locally activates c-Met to accelerate junctional endocytosis and bacterial invasion of the intestine.
Automatic Fatigue Detection System

Fatigue is the cause of a large number of car accidents in the United States. Studies done by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, estimate that about 1,550 deaths, 71,000 injuries, and 12.5 billion dollars in monetary losses are the cost of fatigue related car accidents each year. To prevent these accidents, there are a number of devices available in the market. Many of these products are small devices worn by drivers on their ear that generate an alarm when the driver’s head falls forward. However, these devices produce the alarm after the driver is no longer in conditions to be driving. The alarm essentially makes the driver wake up and can itself be the cause of an abrupt reaction that can lead to an accident. An alternative and better approach is proposed by [1]. Here, a computer vision-based system is described that keeps track of the eyes and detects the sleep onset of fatigued drivers. The proposed system uses template matching for detecting the state of the eyes. This approach however, is computationally intensive, it is subject-dependent and requires calibration routines for adjusting for light conditions. In this paper, we present a more robust alternative based on machine learning for detecting and tracking the fatigue level of a driver.
Frog: A Framework for Context-Based File Systems

This article presents a framework, Frog, for Context-Based File Systems (CBFSs) that aim at simplifying the development of context-based file systems and applications. Unlike existing informed-based context-aware systems, Frog is a unifying informed-based framework that abstracts context-specific solutions as views, allowing applications to make view selections according to application behaviors. The framework can not only eliminate overheads induced by traditional context analysis, but also simplify the interactions between the context-based file systems and applications. Rather than propagating data through solution-specific interfaces, views in Frog can be selected by inserting their names in file path strings. With Frog in place, programmers can migrate an application from one solution to another by switching among views rather than changing programming interfaces. Since the data consistency issues are automatically enforced by the framework, file-system developers can focus their attention on context-specific solutions. We implement two prototypes to demonstrate the strengths and overheads of our design. Inspired by an observation that there are more than 50% of small files (<4KB) in a file system, we create a Bi-context Archiving Virtual File System (BAVFS) that utilizes conservative and aggressive prefetching for the contexts of random and sequential reads. To improve the performance of random read-and-write operations, the Bi-context Hybrid Virtual File System (BHVFS) combines the update-in-place and update-out-of-place solutions for read-intensive and write-intensive contexts. Our experimental results show that the benefits of Frog-based CBFSs outweigh the overheads introduced by integrating multiple context-specific solutions.
A sequential design for maximizing the probability of a favourable response

Consider the situation in which subjects arrive sequentially for a treatment and in which there are two distinct ways in which the treatment may fail. Treatments are given at different dosages, and the probabilities of the two failure types vary with dose. Assuming that decreasing the chances of one failure type increases the chances of the other, we say the failures oppose each other. Also assume that one failure type is primary in that, if it occurs, it censors the trial, so that observation of the secondary failure type is contingent on no failure of the primary type. We are interested in designs that provide information about the dose that maximizes the probability of success, i.e., the optimal dose, while treating very few subjects at dosages that have high risks of failure. Assuming that dosages belong to a discrete set, we show that a randomized version of the Pólya urn scheme causes dose selection to be progressively biased so as to favour those doses that produce success with higher probability.
BabbleFlow: a translator for analytic data flow programs

A complex analytic data flow may perform multiple, inter-dependent tasks where each task uses a different processing engine. Such a multi-engine flow, termed a hybrid flow, may comprise subflows written in more than one programming language. However, as the number and variety of these engines grow, developing and maintaining hybrid flows at the physical level becomes increasingly challenging. To address this problem, we present BabbleFlow, a system for enabling flow design at a logical level and automatic translation to physical flows. BabbleFlow translates a hybrid flow expressed in a number of languages to a semantically equivalent hybrid flow expressed in the same or a different set of languages. To this end, it composes the multiple physical flows of a hybrid flow into a single logical representation expressed in a unified flow language called xLM. In doing so, it enables a number of graph transformations such as (de-)composition and optimization. Then, it converts the, possibly transformed, xLM data flow graph into an executable form by expressing it in one or more target programming languages.