Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global regulation of virulence determinants in Staphylococcus aureus by the SarA protein family.

In S. aureus, the production of virulence determinants such as cell wall adhesins and exotoxins during the growth cycle is controlled by global regulators such as SarA and agr. Genomic scan reveals 16 two-component regulatory systems (e.g. agr and sae) as well as a family of SarA homologs in S. aureus. We call the SarA homologs the SarA protein family. Many of the members in this protein family are either small basic proteins (<153 residues) or two-domain proteins in which a single domain shares sequence similarity to each of the small basic proteins. Recent crystal structures of SarR and SarA reveal dimeric structures for these proteins. Because of its structure and unique mode of DNA binding, SarR, and possibly other SarA family members, may belong to a new functional class of the winged-helix family, accommodating long stretch of DNA with bending points. Based on sequence homology, we hypothesize that the SarA protein family may entail homologous structures with similar DNA-binding motifs but divergent activation domains. An understanding of how these regulators interact with each other in vivo and how they sense environmental signals to control virulence gene expression (e.g. alpha-hemolysin) will be important to our eventual goal of disrupting the regulatory network.
BeppoSAX observations of two high redshift clusters of galaxies: RXJ 0152.7 1357 and MS 2053.7 0449

We present X-ray observations of two high redshift clusters of galaxies carried out with the BeppoSAX satellite. One cluster, RXJ 0152.7 1357 at z ' 0:83, was selected from the ROSAT Deep Cluster Survey sample, as one of the most X-ray luminous systems known at z> 0:5. The optical and ROSAT-PSPC data show a complex morphology with at least two cores. Our SAX observations yield a gas temperature kT =6 :46 +1:74 1:19 keV and a metallicity A =0 :53 +0:29 0:24, with a prominent iron K line. The second cluster, MS 2053.7 0449 at z ' 0:58, was selected from the EMSS sample. Given the poor statistics no constraints on the metallicity can be derived from the present data. Large uncertainties are associated to the gas temperature (kT =6 :7 +6:8 2:3 keV), which has been obtained after fixing the abundance to 0.3 solar. Combining these results with those obtained for similarly high redshift (z 0:5) clus- ters of galaxies with broad band X-ray spectra, we discuss the high redshift Lbol T relationship. The data can easily be ac- commodated with a non-evolving (or mildly evolving) Lbol T relation, a result which, when combined with the little observed evolution in the bulk of the X-ray cluster population, gives sup- port to low cosmological models.
Administrative Role Definition and Social Change

My intent is to suggest how the degree to which organizational roles are defined is important for the extent and speed of social change. I shall propose three ideal types of administrative organization which are distinguished by the degree of definition of their administrative roles and sets of roles. The three types are: 1) underdefined, in which role expectations of administrative behavior are not well spelled out; 2) well-defined, in which administrative roles are explicitly and coherently defined; and 3) over-defined, in which role expectations cannot be satisfied by role incumbents. Thus, I disregard the now popular distinction between formal and informal organization and approach the study of social behavior which is inconsistent with well-defined (Type II) roles by introducing two additional ideal types of organization instead.The question I am posing isHow do these three types of organization differ in their implications for vitality and change? The sources and indices of vitality and change on whi.
Path planning using a mobile anchor node based on trilateration in wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), many applications require sensor nodes to obtain their locations. Now, the main idea in most existing localization algorithms has been that a mobile anchor node (e.g., global positioning system-equipped nodes) broadcasts its coordinates to help other unknown nodes to localize themselves while moving according to a specified trajectory. This method not only reduces the cost of WSNs but also gets high localization accuracy. In this case, a basic problem is that the path planning of the mobile anchor node should move along the trajectory to minimize the localization error and to localize the unknown nodes. In this paper, we propose a Localization algorithm with a Mobile Anchor node based on Trilateration (LMAT) in WSNs. LMAT algorithm uses a mobile anchor node to move according to trilateration trajectory in deployment area and broadcasts its current position periodically. Simulation results show that the performance of our LMAT algorithm is better than that of other similar algorithms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coalescent Tree Imbalance and a Simple Test for Selective Sweeps Based on Microsatellite Variation

Selective sweeps are at the core of adaptive evolution. We study how the shape of coalescent trees is affected by recent selective sweeps. To do so we define a coarse-grained measure of tree topology. This measure has appealing analytical properties, its distribution is derived from a uniform, and it is easy to estimate from experimental data. We show how it can be cast into a test for recent selective sweeps using microsatellite markers and present an application to an experimental data set from Plasmodium falciparum.
On the Construction of Deflation-Based Preconditioners

In this article we introduce new bounds on the effective condition number of deflated and preconditioned-deflated symmetric positive definite linear systems. For the case of a subdomain deflation such as that of Nicolaides [SIAM J. Numer. Anal. , 24 (1987), pp. 355--365], these theorems can provide direction in choosing a proper decomposition into subdomains. If grid refinement is performed, keeping the subdomain grid resolution fixed, the condition number is insensitive to the grid size. Subdomain deflation is very easy to implement and has been parallelized on a distributed memory system with only a small amount of additional communication. Numerical experiments for a steady-state convection-diffusion problem are included.
A low dropout regulator for SoC with high power supply rejection and low quiescent current

A CMOS low dropout regulator (LDR) with high power supply rejection (PSR) and without large output capacitor is proposed for system-on-chip (SoC) power management applications. By cascoding a power NMOS with the PMOS pass transistor, high PSR over a wide frequency range is achieved. The gate drive of the cascode NMOS is controlled by an auxiliary LDR that draws only 1µA from a small charge pump, leading to a very low quiescent current. A prototype LDR is fabricated using a standard 0. 35µm CMOS process, occupying an active area of 0.066mm2. The input is 1.6V and the output is 1.2V with a maximum load current of 10mA. The measured worst-case PSR at full load without using large output capacitor is −22.7dB up to 60MHz. The line and load regulations are 0.25mV/V and 0.32mV/mA respectively.
Quasi-Neutral Limit, Dispersion, and Oscillations for Korteweg-Type Fluids

In the setting of general initial data and the whole space we perform a rigorous analysis of the quasi-neutral limit for a hydrodynamical model of a viscous plasma with capillarity tensor represented by the Navier--Stokes--Poisson--Korteweg system. We shall provide a detailed mathematical description of the convergence process by analyzing the dispersion of the fast oscillating acoustic waves. However the standard acoustic wave analysis is not sufficient to control the high frequency oscillations in the electric field but it is necessary to estimates the dispersive properties induced by the capillarity terms. Therefore by using these additional estimates we will be able to control, via compensated compactness, the quadratic nonlinearity of the stiff electric force field. In conclusion, opposite to the zero capillarity case [D. Donatelli and P. Marcati, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. , 206 (2012), pp. 159--188] where persistent space localized time high frequency oscillations need to be taken into account, we sh.
Vitamin A in Hypercholesterolemia

This study evaluated the relationship between plasma vitamin A and cholesterol in 48 patients with hypercholesterolemia studied before and after treatment with a cholesterollowering diet, with or without lipid-lowering medication. Plasma vitamin A levels were higher in hypercholesterolemic subjects than in healthy controls (2.58 ± 0.15 vs. 1.82 ± 0.14 mmol/L, p = 0.025) despite similar values for retinol binding protein (RBP). Successful cholesterol lowering, defined as > 25% reduction in low density lipoprotein cholesterol, was achieved in 16 patients. In this subset, plasma vitamin A declined from 3.00 ± 0.32 (pretreatment) to 2.34 ± 0.15 mmol/L (post treatment; p = 0.018). A nonsignificant increase in RBP was observed, resulting in a significant decrease in the molar ratio of vitamin A to RBP (1.05 ± 0.06 vs. 0.80 ± 0.05, p = 0.013). These data suggest an interaction between vitamin A and cholesterol that is independent of the transport mechanisms for vitamin A in association with chylomicrons (post absorptive) and with RBP. Further examinations of the form or forms of vitamin A (retinol, retinyl ester), its distribution within the plasma lipoproteins, and the mechanisms of origin and removal are warranted to explain these findings
Copy number variations and human genetic disease

Purpose of review Recent studies clearly demonstrate that copy number variations (CNVs) are widespread in our genome and play an important role in human genetic variation, accounting for both human population diversity and human genetic disease. This review will discuss the most current knowledge regarding our understanding of the biology of CNVs in relation to human genetic disease. Recent findings CNVs associated with human genetic disease can be either recurrent, with a common size and breakpoint clustering, or nonrecurrent, with different sizes and variable breakpoints. Two types of recurrent CNVs have been distinguished, including the syndromic forms in which the phenotypic features are relatively consistent, and those in which the same recurrent CNV can be associated with a diverse set of diagnoses. Recently, the ‘Two-hit model’ was used to explain the phenotypic variability associated with the latter group of recurrent CNVs. Nonrecurrent CNVs, on the contrary, occur at a relatively lower frequency at the individual locus level but collectively they are as common as recurrent CNVs. Finally, the study of CNV burden in different diseases demonstrated a clear trend of an increasing CNV burden in diseases with more severe phenotypes. Summary In spite of the advances in the study of the CNV landscape associated with human genetic disease, there still remain many unexplored questions especially regarding the role of CNVs in the pathogenesis of complex human genetic diseases.
ZaliQL: A SQL-Based Framework for Drawing Causal Inference from Big Data

Causal inference from observational data is a subject of active research and development in statistics and computer science. Many toolkits have been developed for this purpose that depends on statistical software. However, these toolkits do not scale to large datasets. In this paper we describe a suite of techniques for expressing causal inference tasks from observational data in SQL. This suite supports the state-of-the-art methods for causal inference and run at scale within a database engine. In addition, we introduce several optimization techniques that significantly speedup causal inference, both in the online and offline setting. We evaluate the quality and performance of our techniques by experiments of real datasets.
Ergodic capacity of cooperative networks using adaptive transmission and selection combining

Closed-form expressions for ergodic capacity of repetition-based cooperative networks under adaptive transmission with selection combining are derived. According to the changing channel conditions, the source adapts its rate and/or power level while the relays simply amplify and then forward the received signals. Specifically, three different adaptive techniques are investigated under the assumption of independent Rayleigh fading channels: optimal simultaneous power and rate adaptation (OPRA), constant power with optimal rate adaptation (OPA) and channel inversion with fixed rate (TIFR). Among them, for an arbitrary number of relays, TIFR gives the worst channel capacity; OPRA gives the best channel capacity and ORA has a channel capacity quality in between the others. The analysis results, based on the upper and lower bound of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), agree very well with the simulated results and definitely show the impact of selection combining on the calculated channel capacity per unit bandwidth.
Relationship between animal protein intake and muscle mass index in healthy women

The amount and the type of dietary protein could play a role in determining the quantity of skeletal muscle mass. The aim was to examine the relationship between the type of protein intake and the level of muscle mass in healthy omnivorous and vegetarian Caucasian women. The design of the present study was an observational and cross-sectional study. Twenty-one omnivores (Om) and nineteen vegetarians (Ve) were recruited. Muscle mass index (urinary creatinine), dietary intake (5 d dietary records) and biochemical analyses (hormone, phyto-oestrogen and lipid profiles) were obtained. We found differences between groups for muscle mass (Ve: 18 kg v. Om: 23 kg; P = 0·010), muscle mass index (Ve: 6·7 kg/m2v. Om: 8·3 kg/m2; P = 0·002), animal protein intake in g/d (P = 0·001) and in g/kg body weight per d (P = 0·003), plant protein intake in g/d (P = 0·015) and in g/kg body weight per d (P = 0·007), the animal:plant protein intake ratio (P = 0·001) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (P = 0·001). Muscle mass index still correlated with animal protein intake in g/d (P = 0·001) and in g/kg body weight per d (P = 0·008), and the animal:plant protein intake ratio (P = 0·007) even after controlling for SHBG and plant protein intake. Finally, animal protein intake (g/d) was the independent predictor of muscle mass index (adjusted r2 0·42). Thus, a vegetarian diet is associated with a lower muscle mass index than is an omnivorous diet at the same protein intake. A good indicator of muscle mass index in women seems to be animal protein intake.
International Journal of Health Geographics Open Access Enhanced Spatial Models for Predicting the Geographic Distributions of Tick-borne Pathogens

Background: Disease maps are used increasingly in the health sciences, with applications ranging from the diagnosis of individual cases to regional and global assessments of public health. However, data on the distributions of emerging infectious diseases are often available from only a limited number of samples. We compared several spatial modelling approaches for predicting the geographic distributions of two tick-borne pathogens: Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the causative agent of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis. These approaches extended environmental modelling based on logistic regression by incorporating both spatial autocorrelation (the tendency for pathogen distributions to be clustered in space) and spatial heterogeneity (the potential for environmental relationships to vary spatially).
Novel Cycloheximide Derivatives Targeting the Moonlighting Protein Mip Exhibit Specific Antimicrobial Activity Against Legionella pneumophila

Macrophage infectivity potentiator (Mip) and Mip-like proteins are virulence factors in a wide range of pathogens including Legionella pneumophila. These proteins belong to the FK506 binding protein (FKBP) family of peptidyl-prolyl-cis/trans-isomerases (PPIases). In L. pneumophila, the PPIase activity of Mip is required for invasion of macrophages, transmigration through an in vitro lung–epithelial barrier, and full virulence in the guinea pig infection model. Additionally, Mip is a moonlighting protein that binds to collagen IV in the extracellular matrix. Here, we describe the development and synthesis of cycloheximide derivatives with adamantyl moieties as novel FKBP ligands, and analyze their effect on the viability of L. pneumophila and other bacteria. All compounds efficiently inhibited PPIase activity of the prototypic human FKBP12 as well as Mip with IC50-values as low as 180 nM and 1.7 μM, respectively. Five of these derivatives inhibited the growth of L. pneumophila at concentrations of 30–40 μM, but exhibited no effect on other tested bacterial species indicating a specific spectrum of antibacterial activity. The derivatives carrying a 3,5-dimethyladamantan-1-[yl]acetamide substitution (MT_30.32), and a 3-ethyladamantan-1-[yl]acetamide substitution (MT_30.51) had the strongest effects in PPIase- and liquid growth assays. MT_30. 32 and MT_30. 51 were also inhibitory in macrophage infection studies without being cytotoxic. Accordingly, by applying a combinatorial approach, we were able to generate novel, hybrid inhibitors consisting of cycloheximide and adamantane, two known FKBP inhibitors that interact with different parts of the PPIase domain, respectively. Interestingly, despite the proven Mip-inhibitory activity, the viability of a Mip-deficient strain was affected to the same degree as its wild type. Hence, we also propose that cycloheximide derivatives with adamantyl moieties are potent PPIase inhibitors with multiple targets in L. pneumophila.
THE QUANTITATIVE HISTOCHEMISTRY OF A CHEMICALLY INDUCED EPENDYMOBLASTOMA–I ENZYMES *

Enzymes from several metabolic pathways were studied quantitatively in homogenates and in homogeneous areas of frozen‐dried cryostat sections of an experimental, mouse ependymoblastoma, mouse mammary carcinoma, and mouse melanoma, growing as transplants in mouse brain. Micro analyses were performed in fiveto sixfold replicates on portions of tumour with a dry weight of 0·03‐0·2 μg. A close resemblance of the enzyme spectrum of the ependymoblastoma to that of immature brain was noted. Hexokinase and malate dehydrogenase were lower and lactate, glucose‐6‐phosphate, and NADP+‐linked isocitrate dehydrogenases, and β‐glucuronidase higher in the ependymoblastoma than in whole, adult mouse brain. Mouse mammary carcinoma had a higher level of hexokinase and lower levels of lactate and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenases and β‐glucuronidase than ependymoblastoma. The concentration of malate dehydrogenase was lower and that of lactate, glucosed‐6‐phosphate, and NADP+‐linked isocitric dehydrogenases was higher in the melanoma than in the ependymoblastoma. β‐Glucuronidase levels were similar in these two neoplasms. It is suggested that the relatively high levels of several NADP+‐linked enzymes in the ependymoblastoma may be related to increased capacity for lipid synthesis.
A Combinatorial approach to the quantification of Lie algebras

We propose a notion of a quantum universal enveloping algebra for any Lie algebra defined by generators and relations which is based on the quantum Lie operation concept. This enveloping algebra has a PBW basis that admits a monomial crystallization by means of the Kashiwara idea. We describe all skew primitive elements of the quantum universal enveloping algebras for the classical nilpotent algebras of the infinite series defined by the Serre relations and prove that the above set of PBW-generators for each of these enveloping algebras coincides with the Lalonde-Ram basis of the ground Lie algebra with a skew commutator in place of the Lie operation. The similar statement is valid for Hall-Shirshov basis of any Lie algebra defined by one relation, but it is not so in the general case.
Ethnic and Religious Tolerance in Poland

Since its democratic revolution was set in motion, Poland has enjoyed tremendous progress in its degree of democratic consolidation. For example, significant institutional changes have taken place in the status of Poland's ethnic, national, and religious minorities. Yet, institutional protections alone do not fully capture the extent of openness to diversity. More comprehensive depictions of the quality of democracy need to encompass investigations of the democratic citizens' “hearts and minds. ” In this article, using data from a recent nationally representative survey, the author examines the extent and sources of Poles' tolerance of ethnic and religious difference. She focuses on social tolerance of difference, using questions about acceptance of interethnic and interreligious marriage as the dependent variables. As part of the inquiry, the author compares and contrasts the levels and sources of tolerance of interreligious marriage over time and discusses the political implications of the findings and future research directions.
Manipulation strategy learning for carrying large objects based on mapping from object physical property to object manipulation action in virtual environment

In order to perform the carrying task of large and heavy objects, the robot needs to acquire the proper manipulation strategy depending on the object property. The manipulation strategy which depends on unknown physical parameters such as mass and friction property is difficult to plan beforehand, so acquiring strategy by trial and error is effective. In this paper, we propose the learning methods employing the dynamics-simulated virtual environment because handling large and heavy objects on a trial basis in real world can be dangerous. By adding operations to virtual objects with versatile physical parameters and analyzing the object motion from the aspect of contact state and 2D motion, we generate the database of manipulation strategy. The robot evaluates the safety and efficiency of operation and determines the feasibility of strategy based on the learned skill by trying strategy-proving operation.With the proposed system, the robot gets the ability to learn and execute the manipulation strategy which is given manually in previous research. We showed that the physical parameters of objects are estimated correctly and a real robot acquires the manipulation strategy for carrying objects automatically though the experiments.
Comparing national policies on institutional profiling in Germany and the Netherlands

The concepts of differentiation and profiling are cornerstones in discussions about the organisation of contemporary higher education systems, following the trends of massification and global competition. This contribution provides a system-level description and comparison of the German and Dutch higher education systems regarding these topics, and points to possible interactions and development concepts connecting differentiation, strategic profiling of universities and excellence. Though both higher education systems started from very different positions and with differing policies towards differentiation, the global trends and national aspirations for the systems, as well as individual universities in Germany and the Netherlands, are comparable. A look into the resulting ranking positions of German and Dutch universities generally shows a more successful development for the Dutch higher education institutions in the last few years – which could possibly indicate a crucial time lag in the effects of differentiation policies in higher education as the German excellence and differentiation efforts fundamentally took hold more than 10 years after the Dutch initiatives in this field.