Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Electro-Diagnostic Tests In Early Detection of Diabetic Neuropathy

Since the peripheral nerve has the ability to regenerate, therapeutic intervention at earlier stages expected to have a better result in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. So early detection of diabetic neuropathy is one of the major goals in its management. Purpose : The purpose of present study is to evaluate the efficacy of the electrodiagnostic tests to detect diabetic neuropathy at an early stage (before development of the signs of neuropathy). Method : 30 diabetic patients with or without symptoms of diabetic neuropathy were included in the test group. Diabetic patients with signs of neuropathy and with other complications, like stroke, peripheral vascular diseases were excluded. Twenty six control subjects (non-diabetic with no family history of diabetes) were included. Both the groups were matched for age. To see the functional status of peripheral nerves motor nerve conduction velocity (NCV), compound muscle action potentials (CAMP) of median nerve were studied. Sensory nerve conduction velocities (NCV), and sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) of median and sural nerves were also measured. Results: Sensory nerve conduction velocity of sural nerve was significantly slowed (43.84±8.23 vs 48.23±5.03 m/sec, p < .05) in diabetic patients. Sural sensory nerve action potential has lower in amplitude (13.31±7.03 vs 14.24±4.714 mv, p<.3) in diabetic patients. Median sensory nerve conduction velocity did show difference (50.89+8.23 vs 57.17±6.67 m/s, p < .01) and median sensory nerve action potential has significantly lower in amplitude (3.86±1.016 vs 7.39±4.79, p < .001) in diabetic patients. No significant difference was found in median nerve motor conduction velocity between the two groups of subjects. Amplitude of compound muscle action potential of median nerve also shows no significant variations.Considering mean±SD value of conduction parameter as the cut off value, sural nerve sensory conduction velocity was found slowed in 8 diabetic subjects (26%). Sural nerve sensory action potential was of lower amplitude in 12 diabetic subjects (40%). Eleven diabetic subjects (36%) had lower amplitude for median sensory nerve action potential (SNAP). For compound muscle action potential (CAMP) and sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) half the mean value of control was the cut off point. Conclusion: The result suggests that in diabetic patients of Bangladesh with or without symptoms of neuropathy, abnormalities of nerve conduction parameters can be detected early by routine electrodiagnostic monitoring. Sensory nerve conduction parameters are affected more than motor ones. Amplitude abnormalities are slightly more common than conduction velocity or latency abnormalities for sensory studies. Lower extremity nerves were affected more. Sural median nerve has the highest abnormalities in diabetic patients with early neuropathy. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjn.v24i1. 3038 Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2008; Vol. 24 (1) :34-44
First Astronomical Detection of the Cumulene Carbon Chain Molecule H2C6 in TMC-1

The cumulene carbenes are important components of hydrocarbon chemistry in low-mass star-forming cores. Here we report the first astronomical detection of the long-chain cumulene carbene H2C6 in the interstellar cloud TMC-1, from observations of two of its rotational transitions: JK, K′ = 71,7 → 61,6 at 18.8 GHz and 81,8 → 71,7 at 21.5 GHz, using NASA's Deep Space Network 70 m antenna at Goldstone, California. In addition we also observed the shorter cumulene carbene H2C4 at the same position. The fractional abundance of H2C6 relative to H2 is about 4.7 × 10-11 and that of H2C4 is about 1.1 × 10-9. The abundance of H2C6 is in fairly good agreement with gas-phase chemical models for young molecular cloud cores, but the abundance of H2C4 is significantly larger than predicted.
The Influence of Short-Term Outdoor Ecology Education on Long-Term Variables of Environmental Perspective

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate empirically the ultimate goals of environmental and ecological education: fostering responsible environmental behavior, effecting long-term changes of students' attitudes toward conservation and nature, and providing basic ecological knowledge. One-day and 5-day versions of a long-established outdoor ecology program in a national park were examined. The study was designed as a pre- and posttreatment evaluation, and the posttest was delayed for 1 month after participants experienced the outdoor education program (posttest was delayed for 6 months with a subsample). Approximately 700 students were surveyed by means of multiple-choice knowledge statements; the survey showed that both programs fostered cognitive levels. Similarly, the scores within the subdivision Human-Altered Nature increased. Furthermore, the 5-day program explicitly provoked favorable shifts in individual behavior, both actual and intended, a parameter that is generally seen as a comple.
Solving Witten's string field theory using the butterfly state

We solve the equation of motion of Witten's cubic open string field theory in a series expansion using the regulated butterfly state. The expansion parameter is given by the regularization parameter of the butterfly state, which can be taken to be arbitrarily small. Unlike the case of level truncation, the equation of motion can be solved for an arbitrary component of the Fock space up to a positive power of the expansion parameter. The energy density of the solution is well-defined and remains finite even in the singular butterfly limit, and it gives approximately 68% of the D25-brane tension for the solution at the leading order. Moreover, it simultaneously solves the equation of motion of vacuum string field theory, providing support for the conjecture at this order. We further improve our ansatz by taking into account next-to-leading terms, and find two numerical solutions which give approximately 88% and 109%, respectively, of the D25-brane tension for the energy density. These values are interestingly close to those by level truncation at level 2 without gauge fixing studied by Rastelli and Zwiebach and by Ellwood and Taylor.
THE NEED FOR A HOLISTIC VIEW ON DISEASE PROBLEMS IN FREE-RANGE CHICKENS

THE NEED FOR A HOLISTIC VIEW ON DISEASE PROBLEMS IN FREE-RANGE CHICKENS. In contrast to modern poultry production, village-based poultry production is often characterised by a range of diseases occurring at the same time. Most often free-range poultry have sub-clinical infections with a high number of endoand ecto-parasites. The significance of these infections is not known in detail, but there are some indications that parasites have an immuno-suppressive effect on the animals thus enhancing the pathogenicity of other diseases. Further, it is postulated that other diseases than Newcastle disease (ND) are present in free-range poultry production systems and that a successful development of this production system is only achieved when the exact causes of death and the effect of concurrent diseases are known.
Backstepping boundary stabilization and state estimation of a 2 × 2 linear hyperbolic system

We consider the problem of boundary stabilization and state estimation for a 2×2 system of first-order hyperbolic linear PDEs with spatially varying coefficients. First, we design a full-state feedback law with actuation on only one end of the domain and prove exponential stability of the closed-loop system. Then, we construct a collocated boundary observer which only needs measurements on the controlled end and prove convergence of observer estimates. Both results are combined to obtain a collocated output feedback law. The backstepping method is used to obtain both control and observer kernels. The kernels are the solution of a 4 × 4 system of first-order hyperbolic linear PDEs with spatially varying coefficients of Goursat type, whose well-posedness is shown.
HyDI: A Language for Symbolic Hybrid Systems with Discrete Interaction

Complex embedded systems consist of software and hardware components that operate autonomous devices interacting with the physical environment. The complexity of such systems makes the design very challenging and demands for advanced validation techniques. Hybrid automata are a clean and consolidated formal language for modeling embedded systems which include discrete and continuous dynamics. They are based on a finite-state automaton structure enriched with invariant and flow conditions to model the continuous dynamics. In this paper, we propose a new language, HYDI, for modeling Hybrid systems with Discrete Interaction. The purpose of the language is to apply state-of-the-art symbolic model checkers for infinite-state systems to the verification of complex embedded systems design. HYDI extends the standard symbolic language SMV with timing and synchronization aspects. The language distinguishes between discrete and continuous variables. Variables inside SMV modules evolve synchronously. Top-level modules represent the asynchronous components of a network and use explicit events to synchronize. The new language is automatically compiled into equivalent discrete-time infinite-state transition systems.
Scaling-Up Inference in Markov Logic

Markov logic networks (MLNs) combine the power of first-order logic and probabilistic graphical models and as a result are ideally suited for solving large, complex problems in application domains that have both rich relational structure and large amount of uncertainty. However, inference in these rich, relational representations is quite challenging. The aim of this thesis is to advance the state-of-the-art in MLN inference, enabling it to solve much harder and more complex tasks than is possible today. To this end, I will develop techniques that exploit logical structures and symmetries that are either explicitly or implicitly encoded in the MLN representation and demonstrate their usefulness by using them to solve hard real-world problems in the field of natural language understanding.
Training Deep Neural Networks via Optimization Over Graphs

In this work, we propose to train a deep neural network by distributed optimization over a graph. Two nonlinear functions are considered: the rectified linear unit (ReLU) and a linear unit with both lower and upper cutoffs (DCutLU). The problem reformulation over a graph is realized by explicitly representing ReLU or DCutLU using a set of slack variables. We then apply the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) to update the weights of the network layer-wise by solving subproblems of the reformulated problem. Empirical results suggest that the ADMM-based method is less sensitive to overfitting than the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and Adam methods.
Abstract—one of the Major Developments in Machine Learning

in the past decade is the ensemble method, which finds highly accurate classifier by combining many moderately accurate component classifiers. This paper addresses using an ensemble of classification methods for intrusion detection. Due to increasing incidents of cyber attacks, building effective intrusion detection systems are essential for protecting information systems security, and yet it remains an elusive goal and a great challenge. In this research work, new hybrid classification method is proposed using classifiers in a heterogeneous environment using arcing classifier and their performances are analyzed in terms of accuracy. A Classifier ensemble is designed using a Radial Basis Function (RBF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Here, modified training sets are formed by resampling from original training set; classifiers constructed using these training sets and then combined by voting. Empirical results illustrate that the proposed hybrid systems provide more accurate intrusion detection systems.
Alignment of Cyclically Ordered Trees

In this paper, as unordered trees preserving the adjacency among siblings, we introduce the following three kinds of a cyclically ordered tree, that is, a biordered tree that allows both a left-to-right and a right-to-left order among siblings, a cyclic-ordered tree that allows cyclic order among siblings in a left-to-right direction and a cyclic-biordered tree that allows cyclic order among siblings in both left-to-right and right-to-left directions. Then, we design the algorithms to compute the alignment distance and the segmental alignment distance between biordered trees in O(n2D2) time and ones between cyclic-ordered trees and cyclic-biordered trees in O(n2D4) time, where n is the maximum number of nodes and D is the maximum degree in two given trees.
Who With Whom And How?: Extracting Large Social Networks Using Search Engines

Social network analysis is leveraged in a variety of applications such as identifying influential entities, detecting communities with special interests, and determining the flow of information and innovations. However, existing approaches for extracting social networks from unstructured Web content do not scale well and are only feasible for small graphs. In this paper, we introduce novel methodologies for query-based search engine mining, enabling efficient extraction of social networks from large amounts of Web data. To this end, we use patterns in phrase queries for retrieving entity connections, and employ a bootstrapping approach for iteratively expanding the pattern set. Our experimental evaluation in different domains demonstrates that our algorithms provide high quality results and allow for scalable and efficient construction of social graphs.
Comparision of dynamic and static balance in adolescents handball and soccer players

This study aims to compare the static and dynamic balance in adolescents’ handball and soccer players. 32 male student national athletes: soccer (N= 17), handball (N= 15) between 15-18 years of age and at least 3 training years were included to the study. Assessment of static and dynamic balance was measured with Prokin 5.0 Technobody. There were no significant differences found between handball and soccer players on static and dynamic balance tests. We think that there are similar movements used often by both group, like faking and changing direction. On the other hand, there was found significant difference between right and left leg of soccer players perimeter scores for unipedal (Forward-Backward) dynamic balance slalom tests, when were compared within each group { t (15)= -3,158, p 0,05). All of the soccer players are dominantly using their right leg. In addition, this result might relate training methods and years, experience, muscle force asmmetry. On the other hand, handball players’s dominant legs are also right, but their usually jumping legs are left
Dysregulation in microRNA Expression Is Associated with Alterations in Immune Functions in Combat Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

While the immunological dysfunction in combat Veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been well documented, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. The current study evaluated the role of microRNA (miR) in immunological dysfunction associated with PTSD. The presence of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and various lymphocyte subsets in blood collected from PTSD patients were analyzed. Our studies demonstrated that the numbers of both PBMC and various lymphocyte subsets increased significantly in PTSD patients. When T cells were further analyzed, the percentage of Th1 cells and Th17 cells increased, regulatory T cells(Tregs) decreased, while Th2 cells remained unaltered in PTSD patients. These data correlated with increased plasma levels of IFN-γ and IL-17 while IL-4 showed no significant change. The increase in PBMC counts, Th1 and Th17 cells seen in PTSD patients correlated with the clinical scores. High-throughput analysis of PBMCs for 1163 miRs showed that the expression of a significant number of miRs was altered in PTSD patients. Pathway analysis of dysregulated miRs seen in PTSD patients revealed relationship between selected miRNAs and genes that showed direct/indirect role in immunological signaling pathways consistent with the immunological changes seen in these patients. Of interest was the down-regulation of miR-125a in PTSD, which specifically targeted IFN-γ production. Together, the current study demonstrates for the first time that PTSD was associated with significant alterations in miRNAs, which may promote pro-inflammatory cytokine profile. Such epigenetic events may provide useful tools to identify potential biomarkers for diagnosis, and facilitate therapy of PTSD.
Phototherapy in Psoriasis: A Review of Mechanisms of Action

Background: Phototherapy is one of the most efficacious treatment options for psoriasis. New, emerging studies are beginning to define the biologic mechanisms by which phototherapy improves psoriasis. Methods: To provide an overview of the mechanisms thought to be responsible for the therapeutic effects of phototherapy, a review was performed on all relevant published studies in the Medline database from January 1, 1985, to August 15, 2011. Findings: Four categories of action were proposed in the literature to describe the effects of phototherapy in psoriasis: (1) alteration of the cytokine profile, (2) induction of apoptosis, (3) promotion of immunosuppression, and (4) all other mechanisms. Conclusions: Phototherapy acts through a combination of pathways to confer therapeutic benefits in psoriasis, and these different modalities may help explain its particular usefulness in treating this cutaneous disease.
An Approach to Parallelization of Legacy Software

The issue of parallelization of large and complex software systems has been widely researched, but no definite solution has been published yet. In the paper we introduce the concept of parallelization based on the identification of mutually independent data sets and refactoring legacy software for the purpose of adjusting it to execution as a task tree. Then we present implementation of the concept on existing distribution management system. Finally, we present the results of the performance evaluation based on a series of experiments made on the dual-core symmetric multiprocessor.
The Rise of the Creative Class : And How It's Transforming Work, Leisure, Community and Everyday Life

The national bestseller that defines a new economic class and shows how it is key to the future of our cities. The Washington Monthly 2002 Annual Political Book Award WinnerThe Rise of the Creative Class gives us a provocative new way to think about why we live as we do today-and where we might be headed. Weaving storytelling with masses of new and updated research, Richard Florida traces the fundamental theme that runs through a host of seemingly unrelated changes in American society: the growing role of creativity in our economy. Just as William Whyte's 1956 classic The Organization Man showed how the organizational ethos of that age permeated every aspect of life, Florida describes a society in which the creative ethos is increasingly dominant. Millions of us are beginning to work and live much as creative types like artists and scientists always have-with the result that our values and tastes, our personal relationships, our choices of where to live, and even our sense and use of time are changing. Leading the shift are the nearly 38 million Americans in many diverse fields who create for a living-the Creative Class. The Rise of the Creative Class chronicles the ongoing sea of change in people's choices and attitudes, and shows not only what's happening but also how it stems from a fundamental economic change. The Creative Class now comprises more than thirty percent of the entire workforce. Their choices have already had a huge economic impact. In the future they will determine how the workplace is organized, what companies will prosper or go bankrupt, and even which cities will thrive or wither.
Predispositions, Mission-Specific Beliefs, and Public Support for Military Missions: The Case of the German ISAF Mission in Afghanistan

This article analyses the nexus of public attitudes toward military missions abroad, specific beliefs about the respective missions, and political predispositions. While some studies have argued that specific beliefs such as success expectations are the most important explanatory factors of attitudes, others have stressed the role of party-related predispositions in shaping both beliefs and attitudes. Using the case of German citizens’ attitudes toward the German participation in the International Security Assistance Force mission in Afghanistan, we argue that scope conditions determine the relative merit of these perspectives. With data from a representative survey conducted in 2010 we show that in this late stage of the military mission, success expectations had a substantial effect on German citizens’ mission support that was not merely mediating the influence of predispositions. At the same time, foreign policy predispositions also had a substantial impact on mission support, while party identifications had only minor effects. We discuss the more general implications of these results for statements on the relative importance of predispositions and specific beliefs as explanatory factors in public opinion formation on the use of military force.
Aide à la conception de méthodes de classification pour la construction d'ontologies : l'atelier Mo'K

This paper describes Mo’K, a configurable workbench that supports the development of conceptual clustering methods for ontology building. Mo’K is intended to assist ontology developers in the exploratory process of defining the most suitable learning methods for a given task. To do so, it provides facilities for evaluation, comparison and elaboration of conceptual clustering methods. Also, the model underlying Mo’K permits a fine-grained definition of similarity measures and class construction operators, easing the tasks of method instantiation and configuration. This paper presents some experimental results that illustrate the suitability of the model to help characterize and assess the performance of different methods that learn semantic classes from parsed corpora
The capacity of the quantum multiple-access channel

We define classical quantum multiway channels for transmission of classical information, after the previous work by Allahverdyan and Saakian (see Quantum Computing and Quantum Communications (Lecture Notes in Computer Science). Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, vol.1509, 1999). Bounds on the capacity region are derived in a uniform way, which are analogous to the classically known ones, simply replacing Shannon (1961) entropy with von Neumann (1955) entropy. For the single receiver case (multiple-access channel) the elect capacity region is determined. These results are applied to the case of noisy channels, with arbitrary input signal states. A second issue of this work is the presentation of a calculus of quantum information quantities, based on the algebraic formulation of quantum theory.