Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of Cereus peruvianus ( Apple Cactus ) as a new crop for the Negev desert of Israel *

even produces ornamental plant, though it cactus, grown only as an are known as pitaya in Latin America attractive, edible fruits, which open for one night. The The nocturnal flowers remain (Morton 1987). thornless and vary in skin color from violet-red to yellow. The fruits are flesh, which is the edible part of the fruit, is white and contains small, edible of number of other columnar cacti, also and crunchy seeds. Fruits a are known to be of the subfamily Cactoideae, tribe Cereeae, belonging to use in south America (Felger and Moser economic significance for native
Natural Language Ambiguity and its Effect on Machine Learning

-"Natural language processing" here refers to the use and ability of systems to process sentences in a natural language such as English, rather than in a specialized artificial computer language such as C++. The systems of real interest here are digital computers of the type we think of as personal computers and mainframes. Of course humans can process natural languages, but for us the question is whether digital computers can or ever will process natural languages. We have tried to explore in depth and break down the types of ambiguities persistent throughout the natural languages and provide an answer to the question “How it affects the machine translation process and thereby machine learning as whole? ” .
Skin physiology in men and women: in vivo evaluation of 300 people including TEWL, SC hydration, sebum content and skin surface pH

Evidence is given that differences in skin physiological properties exist between men and women. However, despite an assessable number of available publications, the results are still inconsistent. Therefore, the aim of this clinical study is the first systematic assessment of gender‐related differences in skin physiology in men and women, with a special focus on changes over lifetime.
Deep Reinforcement Learning Attitude Control of Fixed-Wing UAVs Using Proximal Policy optimization

Contemporary autopilot systems for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are far more limited in their flight envelope as compared to experienced human pilots, thereby restricting the conditions UAVs can operate in and the types of missions they can accomplish autonomously. This paper proposes a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) controller to handle the nonlinear attitude control problem, enabling extended flight envelopes for fixed-wing UAVs. A proof-of-concept controller using the proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm is developed, and is shown to be capable of stabilizing a fixed-wing UAV from a large set of initial conditions to reference roll, pitch and airspeed values. The training process is outlined and key factors for its progression rate are considered, with the most important factor found to be limiting the number of variables in the observation vector, and including values for several previous time steps for these variables. The trained reinforcement learning (RL) controller is compared to a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, and is found to converge in more cases than the PID controller, with comparable performance. Furthermore, the RL controller is shown to generalize well to unseen disturbances in the form of wind and turbulence, even in severe disturbance conditions.
A Performance Analysis Model for TCP over Multiple Heterogeneous Paths in 5G Networks

The demand for multipath transmission is prominent in 5G networks with the deployment of multiple hierarchical access technologies. However, multipath schemes are still not widely adopted due to many reasons, such as deployment challenges and performance reduction under the circumstances of path heterogeneity. Thus, TCP is still in the dominant position of the transport layer protocol for now and for the foreseeable future. Link asymmetry, such as different latency and different bandwidth of different links, is considered to be the main reasons leading to packet reordering, and further result in TCP performance reduction. However, to the best of knowledge, no one has yet given a theoretical model to analyze the relationship between link asymmetry and TCP multipath performance. In this paper, we present a performance analysis model for TCP over multiple heterogeneous networks, which reveals the effect of link asymmetry on TCP throughput. Both bandwidth and delay asymmetry are taken into consideration in the proposed model. The evaluated throughput using the proposed model can accurately fit the simulation results.
Naturally Occurring Variations in the Human Cholinesterase Genes: Heritability and Association with Cardiovascular and Metabolic Traits

Cholinergic neurotransmission in the central and autonomic nervous systems regulates immediate variations in and longer-term maintenance of cardiovascular function with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity that is critical to temporal responsiveness. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), largely confined to the liver and plasma, subserves metabolic functions. AChE and BChE are found in hematopoietic cells and plasma, enabling one to correlate enzyme levels in whole blood with hereditary traits in twins. Using both twin and unrelated subjects, we found certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ACHE gene correlated with catalytic properties and general cardiovascular functions. SNP discovery from ACHE resequencing identified 19 SNPs: 7 coding SNPs (cSNPs), of which 4 are nonsynonymous, and 12 SNPs in untranslated regions, of which 3 are in a conserved sequence of an upstream intron. Both AChE and BChE activity traits in blood were heritable: AChE at 48.8 ± 6.1% and BChE at 81.4 ± 2.8%. Allelic and haplotype variations in the ACHE and BCHE genes were associated with changes in blood AChE and BChE activities. AChE activity was associated with BP status and SBP, whereas BChE activity was associated with features of the metabolic syndrome (especially body weight and BMI). Gene products from cDNAs with nonsynonymous cSNPs were expressed and purified. Protein expression of ACHE nonsynonymous variant D134H (SNP6) is impaired: this variant shows compromised stability and altered rates of organophosphate inhibition and oxime-assisted reactivation. A substantial fraction of the D134H instability could be reversed in the D134H/R136Q mutant. Hence, common genetic variations at ACHE and BCHE loci were associated with changes in corresponding enzymatic activities in blood.
Framework Proposal for Management of Knowledge and Technology Transfer in Brazilian Academic Internships

This article has the purpose of developing a framework for management of knowledge and technology transfer in Brazilian academic internships, with a Knowledge Management approach. The methodological procedures employed are classified as qualitative, bibliographical, documentary, and a survey, having academic internships in Brazil as the object of study. The framework proposed is an advantage in internship management, systematizing information, knowledge, and technology, in addition to increasing the potential of internship activities. The framework for management of knowledge and technology transfer in Brazilian academic internships offers its users not only a service of knowledge management, but also a Knowledge Management System with resources of Communication and Information Technology for the construction of a learning platform, in which coordinators, professors, supervisors, and student-interns would be able to manage the internship, its activities, and the online learning environment. In other words, it is an environment designed for the development of academic knowledge in professional capacities.
Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Sudden Expansion Ratio of Solid Fuel Ramjet Combustor with Swirling Turbulent Reacting Flow

In this paper, the effect of sudden expansion ratio of solid fuel ramjet (SFRJ) combustor is numerically investigated with swirl flow. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code is written in FORTRAN to simulate the combustion and flow patterns in the combustion chamber. The connected-pipe facility is used to perform the experiment with swirl, and high-density Polyethylene (HDPE) is used as the solid fuel. The investigation is performed with different sudden expansion ratios, in which the port and inlet diameters are independently varied. The results indicated that the self-sustained combustion of the SFRJ occurs around the reattachment point at first, and then the heat released in reattachment point is used to achieve the self-sustained combustion in the redevelopment zone. The average regression rate is proportional to the sudden expansion ratio for the cases with a fixed port diameter, which is mainly dominated by the enhancement of heat transfer in backward-facing step. However, the average regression rate is inversely proportional to the sudden expansion ratio for the cases with fixed inlet diameter, which is influenced by the heat transfer mechanism of developed turbulent flow in the redevelopment zone.
Neurobiology of mother – infant interactions : experience and central nervous system plasticity across development and generations

The optimal coordination between the new mammalian mother and her young involves a sequence of behaviors on the part of each that ensures that the young will be adequately cared for and show healthy physical, emotional, and social development. This coordination is accomplished by each member of the relationship having the appropriate sensitivities and responses to cues that characterize the other. Among many mammalian species, new mothers are attracted to their infants’ odors and some recognize them based on their odors; they also respond to their infants’ vocalizations, thermal properties, and touch qualities. Together these cues ensure that the mother will nurse and protect the offspring and provide them with the appropriate physical and stimulus environment in which to develop. The young, in turn, orient to the mother and show a suckling pattern that reflects a sensitivity to the mothers odor, touch, and temperature characteristics. This article explores the sensory, endocrine, and neural mechanisms that underlie this early mother–young relationship, from the perspective of, first, the mother and, then, the young, noting the parallels between them. It emphasizes the importance of learning and plasticity in the formation and maintenance of the mother–young relationship and mediation of these experience effects by the brain and its neurochemistry. Finally, it discusses ways in which the infants’ early experiences with their mothers (or the absence of these experiences) may come to influence how they respond to their own infants when they grow up, providing a psychobiological mechanism for the inter-generational transmission of parenting styles and responsiveness. q 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate: the Swiss army knife of sphingolipid signaling Supported by National Institutes of Health Grants R37GM043880, RO1CA61774, RO1AI050094, and U19AI077435-018690 (SS) and the NIMH Intramural Research Program (SM). Published, JLR Papers in Press, November 5, 2008.

The sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and the kinases that produce it have emerged as critical regulators of numerous fundamental biological processes important for health and disease. Activation of sphingosine kinases (SphKs) by a variety of agonists increases intracellular S1P, which in turn can be secreted out of the cell and bind to and signal through S1P receptors (S1PRs) in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner. Recent studies suggest that this “inside-out” signaling by S1P may play a role in many human diseases. As the roles of the S1PRs in cell and organismal physiology are discussed elsewhere in this volume, we focus this review mainly on recent reports showing how SphKs are activated and S1P reaches its receptors, the role of SphKs and S1P in regulating sphingolipid homeostasis, and the potential importance of the SphK/S1P axis as a therapeutic target in human diseases.
PERFECTLY NORMAL COMPACT SPACES ARE CONTINUOUS IMAGES OF ßN\ N

Every perfectly normal compact space is a continuous image of N* = ßN\N. It is well known that a space A is a continuous image of N* = ßN\ N if and only if it is a remainder of some compactification aN of natural numbers and that every continuous image of N* is a compact space of weight < c — 2". It is also easy to show that every separable compact space is a continuous image of N*. Paroviöenko proved in 1963 [P] that every compact space of weight «S w, is a continuous image of N* (see [BS] for a nice proof of this theorem). Thus under CH a compact space is a continuous image of N* if and only if its weight is < c. On the other hand, it is consistent with the axioms of ZFC that w2 < c and that the space w2 + 1 of ordinals < w2 is a continuous image of N* (see e.g. [FG]) and also that w2 < c and every compact space of weight < c is a continuous image of N* (J. Baumgartner). Martin's Axiom implies that every compact space of weight < c is a continuous image of N* [vDP], whereas it is also consistent with Martin's Axiom that there exists a compact space of weight c which is not a continuous image of N* (J. Baumgartner, R. Frankiewicz). The following result however does not depend on additional axioms of set theory. Theorem. Every perfectly normal compact space is a continuous image of N*. The above theorem does not follow from the results mentioned earlier since it is consistent with the axioms of set theory that there exist perfectly normal compact spaces which are neither separable nor of weight < w,. The proof of the theorem is based on the technique employed by A. Blaszczyk and A. Szymañski in [BS]. We also use the result, due to B. Sapirovski [S], asserting that the w-weight of a perfectly normal compact space is < w,. The example below shows that this latter property in itself is insufficient. Example. It is consistent with the axioms of ZFC that there exists a compact space of weight u2< c and it-weight <o, which is not a continuous image of N*. Let us recall that a compact space is perfectly normal if and only if all of its closed subsets are Gs's. Every perfectly normal compact space is first countable, (hereditarily) ccc and has weight < c. The following two problems arise in a natural way: Received by the editors January 21, 1981 and, in revised form, August 15, 1981. A MS ( MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 54C05, 54D40. 1 This paper was written during the author's visit at the University of Toronto in the summer of 1980. ©1982 American Mathematical Society 0002-9939/81/0000-1123/S02.00
The Zebrafish Orthologue of the Dyslexia Candidate Gene DYX 1 C 1 Is Essential for Cilia Growth and Function Chandrasekar , Gayathri 2013-0501

DYX1C1, a susceptibility gene for dyslexia, encodes a tetratricopeptide repeat domain containing protein that has been implicated in neuronal migration in rodent models. The developmental role of this gene remains unexplored. To understand the biological function(s) of zebrafish dyx1c1 during embryonic development, we cloned the zebrafish dyx1c1 and used morpholino-based knockdown strategy. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed the presence of dyx1c1 transcripts in embryos, early larval stages and in a wide range of adult tissues. Using mRNA in situ hybridization, we show here that dyx1c1 is expressed in many ciliated tissues in zebrafish. Inhibition of dyx1c1 produced pleiotropic phenotypes characteristically associated with cilia defects such as body curvature, hydrocephalus, situs inversus and kidney cysts. We also demonstrate that in dyx1c1 morphants, cilia length is reduced in several organs including Kupffer’s vesicle, pronephros, spinal canal and olfactory placode. Furthermore, electron microscopic analysis of cilia in dyx1c1 morphants revealed loss of both outer (ODA) and inner dynein arms (IDA) that have been shown to be required for cilia motility. Considering all these results, we propose an essential role for dyx1c1 in cilia growth and function. Citation: Chandrasekar G, Vesterlund L, Hultenby K, Tapia-Páez I, Kere J (2013) The Zebrafish Orthologue of the Dyslexia Candidate Gene DYX1C1 Is Essential for Cilia Growth and Function. PLoS ONE 8(5): e63123. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0063123 Editor: Sheng-Ping Lucinda Hwang, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Taiwan Received December 3, 2012; Accepted March 28, 2013; Published May 1, 2013 Copyright: 2013 Chandrasekar et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported by Swedish Research Council (www.vr.se); Swedish Royal Bank Tercentennial Foundation, Swedish Brain Foundation (Hjärnfonden)(www.hjarnfonden.se); Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (www.wallenberg.com); Center for Biosciences and Sigrid Jusélius Foundation(www. sigridjuselius.fi). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: juha.kere@ki.se
Evaluation of aortic 18F-NaF tracer uptake using PET/CT as a predictor of aortic calcification in postmenopausal women: A longitudinal study

Introduction Aortic calcification as detected by computed tomography is associated with arterial stiffening and is an important predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Uptake of 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) in the aortic wall reflects metabolically active areas of calcification. The aim of this study was to determine if 18F-NaF uptake in the aorta is associated with calcification and progression of calcification as detected by computed tomography. Methods Twenty-one postmenopausal women (mean age 62 ± 6 years) underwent assessment of aortic 18F-NaF uptake using positron emission tomography/computer tomography at baseline and a repeat computed tomography scan after a mean follow-up of 3.8 ± 1.3 years. Tracer uptake was quantified by calculating the target-to-background (TBR) ratios at baseline and follow-up. Calcification was assessed at baseline and follow-up using computed tomography. Results Over the follow-up period, aortic calcium volume increased from 0.46 ± 0.62 to 0.71 ± 0.93 cm3 (P < 0.05). However, the change in calcium volume did not correlate with baseline TBR either unadjusted (r = 0.00, P = 1.00) or adjusted for age and baseline calcium volume (beta coefficient = −0.18, P = 0.42). TBR at baseline did not differ between participants with (n = 16) compared to those without (n = 5) progression in calcium volume (2.43 ± 0.46 vs. 2.31 ± 0.38, P = 0.58). In aortic segments identified to have the highest tracer uptake at baseline, calcium volume did not significantly change over the follow-up period (P = 0.41). Conclusion In a cohort of postmenopausal women, 18F-NaF uptake as measured by TBR in the lumbar aorta did not predict progression of aortic calcification as detected by computed tomography over a four-year follow-up.
Phase I study of local radiation and tremelimumab in patients with inoperable locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer

Immunotherapy has shown modest activity in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). In this phase I dose escalation study, we assessed safety of tremelimumab, a humanized anti-CTLA4 monoclonal antibody, at starting dose 3 mg/kg, on the third day of palliative radiotherapy (2000cGy in 5 daily fractions) in patients with MBC. Primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of tremelimumab combined with RT. Secondary objective was to assess response. Among 6 patients enrolled between July 2010 and October 2011, 5 had hormone receptor-positive MBC, 1 had triple negative MBC. Median age was 45 years. Common toxicities included lymphopenia (83%), fatigue (50%) and rash (33%). One dose-limiting toxicity occurred at 6 mg/kg, however the trial closed before MTD could be determined. One patient discontinued treatment due to a pathological fracture. Best response was stable disease (SD), 1 patient had SD for >6 months. Median follow up was 27.0 months. Median OS was 50.8 months, with 1 patient surviving >8 years. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) profiles showed increasing proliferating (Ki67+) Treg cells 1 week post treatment in 5 patients. Overall, tremelimumab at 3 mg/kg combined with RT appears to be a tolerable treatment strategy. Further studies are needed to optimize this combination approach.
Vocalization of heart rate variability

In this paper, we have proposed vocalization of heart rate variability (HRV) as a perceptual analysis tool. We adapted a phonation-production model to encode external signals and generate audible representations of them. HRV changes, caused by induced perturbations to the autonomous nervous system, could be perceived on vocalized HRV.
Detection of a recessive major gene for high IgE levels acting independently of specific response to allergens

The genetic control of the total IgE, the immunoglobulins E involved in allergy, remains still unclear. Although high IgE levels were found to be determined by a recessive major gene in several studies, other modes of inheritance were also reported. Moreover, at least two different genetic mechanisms controlling the IgE regulation have been suggested: one involved in the specific IgE response and the other one in the nonspecific response. To better understand the genetic mechanisms controlling IgE variation, we performed segregation analysis of IgE levels by ignoring or taking into account the specific response to allergens (SRA). Analyses were conducted using the class D regressive model, in a sample of 234 Australian nuclear families randomly selected during the winter months, when IgE levels are the lowest (basal). SRA, when included as a covariate in the model, was defined by one of the three following criteria: (1) raised specific IgE level for one or more allergens, (2) positive skin test for one or more allergens, and (3) at least one of the (1) or (2) criteria. When the presence of SRA is ignored, the familial transmission of total IgE level is compatible with the segregation of a recessive major gene and residual familial correlations. When the presence of SRA is accounted for in the analysis, whether defined by criteria (1), (2), or (3), there is still evidence for a recessive major gene controlling IgE levels but residual familial correlations are no longer significant. In addition, no interaction between this major gene and SRA is shown here. Our results suggest that this gene, which accounts for 28% of the variation of the trait, may be involved in the control of basal IgE production, independently of specific response to allergens. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High-power charge-compensated unitraveling-carrier balanced photodetector

Balanced photodetectors with top-illuminated charge-compensated unitraveling-carrier photodiodes designed for high-power applications are demonstrated. A 20-/spl mu/m-diameter photodiode balanced pair achieved a bandwidth of 10 GHz, and a large-signal saturation current of 25 mA for each photodiode. A 10-/spl mu/m-diameter photodiode balanced pair achieved a bandwidth of 26 GHz, and a large-signal saturation current of 15 mA for each photodiode. Broad-band common mode rejection ratio and noise suppression were also characterized.