Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treatment and Therapy Considerations for Adopted Children and Their Families

Adoptive families seek mental health counseling more often than the general population (Miller, Fan, Christensen, Grotevant, & van Dulmen, 2000). In many cases, problems stem from factors that predate the adoptive placement (e.g., prenatal complications, neglect, abuse, multiple foster care placements, orphanage life); in other cases, difficulties in coping with the normative challenges of being adopted or raising adopted children lead parents to seek help from mental health professionals (Brodzinsky, 2013). When adoptive families seek therapy, what types of clinical issues are most commonly presented? What kinds of treatment modalities do they encounter? What are the most effective and appropriate treatments for adopted children and their families? What strengths do adoptive families bring to therapy and what challenges are most often encountered? What are common threads in treatment and what new approaches are being utilized? This special issue of Adoption Quarterly considers these and other questions pertaining to the topic of treatment and therapy issues related to adopted children and their families. It addresses the clinical considerations for different types of adoptions and a diverse range of treatment issues—from infant to older child adoptions, from international to domestic adoptions, from attachment to social learning processes, and from integrating cutting-edge treatment approaches to the need for enhancing adoption clinical training among mental health professionals. In short, this issue seeks to explore how to best provide treatment and care to adoptive families. While we recognize that a “one-size-fits-all” approach to treatment is not effective or realistic due to the diversity of patterns and processes in
Calcium/calmodulin‐dependent kinase II regulates notch‐1 signaling in prostate cancer cells

Notch signaling is associated with prostate osteoblastic bone metastases and calcium/calmodulin‐dependent kinase II (CaMKII) is associated with osteoblastogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells. Here we show that prostate cancer cell lines C4‐2B and PC3, both derived from bone metastases and express Notch‐1, have all four isoforms of CaMKII (α, β, γ, δ). In contrast, prostate cancer cell lines LNcaP and DU145, which are not derived from bone metastases and lack the Notch‐1 receptor, both lack the alpha isoform of CaMKII. In addition, DU145 cells also lack the β‐isoform. In C4‐2B cells, inhibition of CaMKII by KN93 or γ‐secretase by L‐685,458 inhibited the formation of the cleaved form of Notch‐1 thus inhibiting Notch signaling. KN93 inhibited down stream Notch‐1 signaling including Hes‐1 gene expression, Hes‐1 promoter activity, and c‐Myc expression. In addition, both KN93 and L‐685,458 inhibited proliferation and Matrigel invasion by C4‐2B cells. The activity of γ‐secretase was unaffected by KN93 but markedly inhibited by L‐685,458. Inhibition of the expression of α, β, or γ‐isoform by siRNA did not affect Hes‐1 gene expression, however when expression of one isoform was inhibited by siRNA, there were compensatory changes in the expression of the other isoforms. Over‐expression of CaMKII‐α increased Hes‐1 expression, consistent with Notch‐1 signaling being at least partially dependent upon CaMKII. This unique crosstalk between CaMKII and Notch‐1 pathways provides new insight into Notch signaling and potentially provides new targets for pharmacotherapeutics. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 25–32, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endogenous Estrogens Lower Plasma PCSK9 and LDL Cholesterol But Not Lp(a) or Bile Acid Synthesis in Women

Objective—Cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism display pronounced gender differences. Premenopausal women have lower LDL and higher HDL cholesterol, whereas men display higher synthetic rates of bile acids and cholesterol. The effects of the administration of exogenous hormones to humans and animals indicate that these gender differences can often be explained by estrogens. We evaluated how increased levels of endogenous estrogens modulate cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism in women. Methods and Results—We studied healthy women during initiation of in vitro fertilization using blood samples obtained when endogenous estrogens were low and high. Cholesterol in VLDL and LDL, but not in HDL, was reduced 20% when estrogens were high. Apolipoprotein B levels decreased 13%. Apolipoprotein A-I and triglyceride levels increased 8% and 37%, respectively, whereas lipoprotein(a) levels were unchanged. Circulating PCSK9, a suppressor of LDL receptors, was reduced 14% when estrogens were high. Serum markers of bile acid and cholesterol synthesis were unaltered. Growth hormone levels increased 3-fold when estrogens were high, whereas insulin-like growth factor-1 and fibroblast growth factor-21 concentrations were unaltered. Conclusion—In women, Apolipoprotein B-containing particles and circulating PCSK9 are reduced when endogenous estrogens are high, indicating that endogenous estrogens induce hepatic LDL receptors partly through a posttranscriptional mechanism. However, estrogens do not stimulate bile acid or cholesterol synthesis.
The Impact of Education On Fertility and Child Mortality: Do Fathers Really Matter Less than Mothers? OECD Development Centre Working Paper, No. 217 (Formerly Webdoc No. 5).

This paper takes advantage of a massive school construction program that took place in Indonesia between 1973 and 1978 to estimate the effect of education on fertility and child mortality. Time and region varying exposure to the school construction program generates instrumental variables for the average education in the household, and the difference in education between husband and wife. We show that female education is a stronger determinant of age at marriage and early fertility than male education. However, female and male education seem equally important factors in reducing child mortality. We suggest that the OLS estimate of the differential effect of women's and men's education may be biased by failure to take in to account assortative matching.
Detection and Classification of Power Quality Disturbances Using Sparse Signal Decomposition on Hybrid Dictionaries

Several methods have been proposed for detection and classification of power quality (PQ) disturbances using wavelet, Hilbert transform, Gabor transform, Gabor-Wigner transform, S transform, and Hilbert-Haung transform. This paper presents a new method for detection and classification of single and combined PQ disturbances using a sparse signal decomposition (SSD) on overcomplete hybrid dictionary (OHD) matrix. The method first decomposes a PQ signal into detail and approximation signals using the proposed SSD technique with an OHD matrix containing impulse and sinusoidal elementary waveforms. The output detail signal adequately captures morphological features of transients (impulsive and oscillatory) and waveform distortions (harmonics and notching). Whereas the approximation signal contains PQ features of fundamental, flicker, dc-offset, and short- and long-duration variations (sags, swells, and interruptions). Thus, the required PQ features are extracted from the detail and approximation signals. Then, a hierarchical decision-tree algorithm is used for classification of single and combined PQ disturbances. The proposed method is tested using both synthetic and microgrid simulated PQ disturbances. Results demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the method in detection and classification of single and combined PQ disturbances under noiseless and noisy conditions. The method can be easily expanded for compressed sensing based PQ monitoring networks.
Electromagnetic Wave Scattering Analysis From 2-D Periodic Rough Surfaces Using Complex Images Technique

The integral equation technique, in combination with the method of moments, is widely used for treating the electromagnetic scattering from periodic rough surfaces. This method, however, requires the computation of a kernel (a periodic Green's function) that consists of a slowly converging infinite series of conventional Green's functions. To accelerate the convergence of this series, different methods have been proposed in literature. In this paper, we use a complex image (CI) technique to find a closed-form expression for the periodic Green's function, which is then used to analyze the electromagnetic scattering from arbitrary periodic rough surfaces. The resulting CI Green's function consists of a finite number of terms corresponding to real and complex sources. Moreover, the CI Green's function in the Hankel form (evanescent waves) is used if the observation and source points are close. In the far-field region, the series in the plane-wave form (propagating Floquet modes) caused by the extraction of poles are sufficient and necessary. The results indicate that the presented CI Green's function leads to numerical efficiency yet having a rather high level of accuracy.
Information Retrieval: Implementing and Evaluating Search Engines

Information retrieval is the foundation for modern search engines. This text offers an introduction to the core topics underlying modern search technologies, including algorithms, data structures, indexing, retrieval, and evaluation. The emphasis is on implementation and experimentation; each chapter includes exercises and suggestions for student projects. Wumpusa multiuser open-source information retrieval system developed by one of the authors and available onlineprovides model implementations and a basis for student work. The modular structure of the book allows instructors to use it in a variety of graduate-level courses, including courses taught from a database systems perspective, traditional information retrieval courses with a focus on IR theory, and courses covering the basics of Web retrieval. After an introduction to the basics of information retrieval, the text covers three major topic areasindexing, retrieval, and evaluationin self-contained parts. The final part of the book draws on and extends the general material in the earlier parts, treating such specific applications as parallel search engines, Web search, and XML retrieval. End-of-chapter references point to further reading; exercises range from pencil and paper problems to substantial programming projects. In addition to its classroom use, Information Retrieval will be a valuable reference for professionals in computer science, computer engineering, and software engineering.
Automated construction of testing and analysis tools

Many software testing and analyse's tools manipulate graph representations of programs, such as abstract syntax trees or abstract semantics graphs. Hand-crafting such tools in conventional programming languages can be difficult, error prone, and time consuming. Our approach is to use application generators targeted for the domain of graph-representation-based testing and analysis tools. Moreover, we generate the generators themselves, so that the development of tools based on different languages and/or representations can also be supported better. In this paper we report on our experiences in developing a system called Aria that generates testing and analysis tools based on an abstract semantics graph representation for C and C++ cabled Reprise. Aria itself was generated by the Genoa system. We demonstrate the utility of Aria and, thereby, the pourer of our approach, by showing Aria's use in the development of a tool that derives control dependence graphs directly from Reprise abstract semantics graphs. <<ETX>>
Transcriptional Regulation of the GluR2 Gene: Neural-Specific Expression, Multiple Promoters, and Regulatory Elements

To understand how neurons control the expression of the AMPA receptor subunit GluR2, we cloned the 5′ proximal region of the rat gene and investigated GluR2 promoter activity by transient transfection. RNase protection and primer extension of rat brain mRNA revealed multiple transcription initiation sites from −340 to −481 bases upstream of the GluR2 AUG codon. The relative use of 5′ start sites was different in cortex and cerebellum, indicating complexity of GluR2 transcript expression among different sets of neurons. When GluR2 promoter activity was investigated by plasmid transfection into cultured cortical neurons, cortical glia, and C6 glioma cells, the promoter construct with the strongest activity, per transfected cell, was 29.4-fold (± 3.7) more active in neurons than in non-neural cells. Immunostaining of cortical cultures showed that >97% of the luciferase-positive cells also expressed the neuronal marker MAP-2. Evaluation of internal deletion and substitution mutations identified a functional repressor element I RE1-like silencer and functional Sp1 and nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) elements within a GC-rich proximal GluR2 promoter region. The GluR2 silencer reduced promoter activity in glia and non-neuronal cell lines by two- to threefold, was without effect in cortical neurons, and could bind the RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) because cotransfection of REST into neurons reduced GluR2 promoter activity in a silencer-dependent manner. Substitution of the GluR2 silencer by the homologous NaII RE1 silencer further reduced GluR2 promoter activity in non-neuronal cells by 30–47%. Maximal positive GluR2 promoter activity required both Sp1 and NRF-1 cis elements and an interelement nucleotide bridge sequence. These results indicate that GluR2 transcription initiates from multiple sites, is highly neuronal selective, and is regulated by three regulatory elements in the 5′ proximal promoter region.
Insensitive Bounds for the Moments of the Sojourn Times in M/GI Systems Under State-Dependent Processor Sharing

We consider a system with Poisson arrivals and independent and identically distributed service times, where requests in the system are served according to the state-dependent (Cohen's generalized) processor-sharing discipline, where each request receives a service capacity that depends on the actual number of requests in the system. For this system, we derive expressions as well as tight insensitive upper bounds for the moments of the conditional sojourn time of a request with given required service time. The bounds generalize and extend corresponding results, recently given for the single-server processor-sharing system in Cheung et al. (2006) and for the state-dependent processor-sharing system with exponential service times by the authors (2008). Analogous results hold for the waiting times. Numerical examples for the M/M/m-PS and M/D/m-PS systems illustrate the given bounds.
Measuring the Effectiveness of a Career Academy Program from an Employer’s Perspective

Using data collected from 254 participants, I examined the effectiveness of a career academy program. Previous research on adolescent school-to-work transition programs has measured effectiveness using academic outcomes such as grades, graduation rates, and high school credits earned. This study measures the effectiveness of an academy program using outcomes relevant to employers, that is, job performance and work attendance. School outcomes of grades and attendance were found to have a direct effect on postsecondary work outcomes of performance and attendance. Results indicated that the program’s positive effect on high school attendance had a positive impact on work attendance. Implications for public policy, business, and the academic communities are discussed.
Operationalization of the Multicultural Counseling Competencies

For the past 20 years, the Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development (AMCD) has provided leadership for the American counseling profession in major sociocultural and sociopolitical domains. Through our vision of the centrality of culture and multiculturalism to the counseling profession, we have created new directions and paradigms for change. One of our major contributions has been the development of the Multicultural Counseling Competencies (Sue, Arredondo, & McDavis, 1992).
Coherent Fano resonances in a plasmonic nanocluster enhance optical four-wave mixing

Plasmonic nanoclusters, an ordered assembly of coupled metallic nanoparticles, support unique spectral features known as Fano resonances due to the coupling between their subradiant and superradiant plasmon modes. Within the Fano resonance, absorption is significantly enhanced, giving rise to highly localized, intense near fields with the potential to enhance nonlinear optical processes. Here, we report a structure supporting the coherent oscillation of two distinct Fano resonances within an individual plasmonic nanocluster. We show how this coherence enhances the optical four-wave mixing process in comparison with other double-resonant plasmonic clusters that lack this property. A model that explains the observed four-wave mixing features is proposed, which is generally applicable to any third-order process in plasmonic nanostructures. With a larger effective susceptibility χ(3) relative to existing nonlinear optical materials, this coherent double-resonant nanocluster offers a strategy for designing high-performance third-order nonlinear optical media.
Channel estimation and prediction for adaptive OFDMA/TDMA uplinks, based on overlapping pilots

In adaptive wireless packet transmission for multiple users, resources are allocated based on measurement and feedback of the channel qualities. Uplink channels of adaptive OFDM systems that use FDD have to be estimated and predicted based on uplink pilots transmitted by all active users. To prevent a prohibitive pilot overhead, the use of overlapping (simultaneously transmitted) pilots is considered. Kalman estimators and predictors can efficiently utilize the channel correlation in time and frequency to obtain estimates. The estimates have higher error than in the downlink case where overlapping pilots are not needed. However, the estimation and prediction MSE increases rather slowly with the number of simultaneous users. The results indicate that the accuracy is adequate for control of an adaptive transmission loop.
QCD condensates for the light quark V-A correlator

We use the procedure of pinched-weight finite energy sum rules to determine the operator product expansion (OPE) coefficients ${a}_{6},\dots{}{,a}_{16}$ of the flavor ud $V\ensuremath{-}A$ correlator in terms of existing hadronic $\ensuremath{\tau}$ decay data. We show by appropriate weight choices that the error on the dominant $d=6$ contribution, which is known to be related to the $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{K}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ matrix elements of the electroweak penguin operator in the chiral limit, may be reduced to below the $\ensuremath{\sim}15%$ level. The values we obtain for OPE coefficients with $dg8$ are shown to naturally account for the discrepancies between our results for the $d=6$ and $d=8$ terms and those of previous analyses, which were obtained neglecting $dg8$ contributions.
Earnings Prospects for People With Migration Background in Germany

Less than half of the people with migration background living in Germany possess foreign citizenship. Hence, using citizenship to analyze economic issues of immigration may be problematic for two reasons. On the one hand, a quite substantial share of persons with migration background is neglected in the group of interest, and, on the other hand, the reference group (native Germans) may be contaminated by effects from naturalized immigrants. This paper utilizes a wider definition covering all persons with migration background to analyze the earnings prospects. To shed light on differences to the common use of citizenship, estimates are presented in comparison to foreigner and German citizens. The results show that persons with migration background have similar earnings prospects to foreigners. Moreover, earnings prospects for native Germans do not differ much from those of German citizenship. Therefore, using citizenship to approximate natives and non-natives when analyzing earnings issues seems to be reasonable. A second question of the paper is whether degrees obtained in Germany lead to better earnings prospects compared to degrees obtained abroad for persons with migration background. Independently of gender and skill level, the estimates affirm higher earnings to educational attainment in Germany.
3D Thermal and CFD Simulations of the Divertor Magnetic Coils for ITER

Magnetic diagnostics for the new generation fusion reactor “ITER” are required to be extremely reliable since they provide measurements essential for reactor operation and protection, plasma control and for measurement of several parameters fundamental to the plasma operation, such as plasma current and shape, disruptions and high frequency macro instabilities. ITER magnetic diagnostics consist of various sets of inductive coils and loops mounted on the inner wall, outside the vacuum vessel and in some of the divertor cassettes [1]. All these probes measure magnetic field or flux variations with respect to time, requiring a precise integration of the signals to recover the absolute values of the field components. They operate in a harsh reactor environment, subjected to nuclear heat loads mainly due to the neutron radiation, generated by the burning plasma. Difficult or impossible access after assembly requires reliability, especially in the area of wiring, connections and vacuum feed-throughs and in choosing margin against radiation damage and extreme transient electrical loads. Additional disturbing effects can arise when both a strong transient magnetic field and thermal gradient occur within the coil structure. All these aspects set a serial of strict design requirements and imply a serious technical challenge. This paper is focused on the design, simulation and optimization of the ITER divertor magnetic tangential coils. The divertor is one of the components exposed to the highest heat load in a fusion reactor, with a surface thermal peak load of 20 MW/m2. About 15 % of the energy produced by fusion reactions is absorbed in the divertor region. The radially-oriented divertor cassettes are exposed to inhomogeneous and time-dependent neutron flux. Six similar divertor cassettes are instrumented for magnetic measurements. Six pairs of equilibrium coils (normal and tangential to the mounting surface) are mounted within each of these cassettes. Of those, pairs near the top region of divertor dome will be exposed to the highest nuclear heating of all magnetic sensors, 2.5 MW/m3. The most critical issue for the divertor coils is to minimise Radiation Induced Thermo-Electric Sensitivity (RITES) [2] and Thermally Induced Electromagnetic Force (TIEMF) [3] by combining a proper choice of conductor with low temperature variation in the coil. Instead of Mineral Insulated Cable (MIC), which was foreseen as the preferred winding for the magnetic coils, a winding made of ceramic-coated steel wire was recently proposed [4]. It is thought that, for this wire, maintaining a temperature variation in the wiring below 10K will be sufficient to allow long-pulse operation. Variations of the divertor coil design have been investigated and simulated with the help of ANSYS programme. The aim was to keep the temperature variation in the winding pack within this limit. The optimisation of the coil, based only on a cooling by conduction was not sufficient to meet the 10 K target. Therefore, an actively water cooled coil was designed and simulated by the CFD code – ANSYS CFX.