Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Childhood suicide attempts with acetaminophen in Denmark: Characteristics, social behaviour, trends and risk factors

Aims: To explore: (1) The relationship between children admitted to our paediatric department as a result of suicide attempts with acetaminophen and their parents and friends. (2) The extent to which the children had attempted to speak to their parents about their problems before their suicide attempts. (3) The frequency of self-mutilation among children with suicidal behaviour. (4) The purposes and reasons for childhood suicide attempts. Methods: A retrospective case-control study based on medical records and in-hospital child psychiatric assessments at the Paediatric Department, Hillerød Hospital, Denmark, 2006–2011. Study group: 107 children, 11 to 15 years old. Control group: 59 age- and gender-matched children. Results: 43.5% experienced a dissociated parental relationship characterized by the inability to speak to their parents about any problems, compared with 2% in the control group. There was a significant association between a dissociated parental relationship and ‘the feeling of not being heard’ (p = 0.004), the discovery of the suicide attempt (p = 0.008), the reasons for the suicide attempt (p = 0.006), academic school problems (p = 0.03), and the child’s relationships with friends (p = 0.02). Prior to their suicide attempts, 41.5% of the children had attempted to speak to their parents about their problems but felt that they were not heard. There was a significant association among ‘the feeling of not being heard’ and the purpose of the suicide attempt (p = 0.002) and self-mutilation (p = 0.002). Forty percent mutilated themselves repeatedly. Conclusions: A consistently impaired parent-child relationship, ‘the feeling of not being heard’, and self-mutilation are identifiable early risk factors that require increased concern and attention among professionals who work with children.
Relationship between automaticity in handwriting and students' ability to generate written text

The ability to generate written text requires the execution of a complex array of cognitive and metacognitive skills. Because of the cognitive demands of this complexity, successful writers must be able to write letters and words automatically. This article reports 2 studies that examined the relationship between orthographic-motor integration related to handwriting and the ability to generate creative and well-structured written text. Participants in the first study were 114 Grade 1 students. When the effect of reading was controlled, orthographic-motor integration accounted for 67% of the variance in written expression. An intervention study with 19 students experiencing difficulty in handwriting and 19 students matched on gender and reading examined the impact of improving students automaticity in handwriting. The intervention eliminated the detrimental effects on writing of lack of automaticity in orthographic-motor integration.
Cost-benefit analysis of influenza vaccination in a public healthcare unit

Objective Estimate the costs and benefits of influenza vaccination in a group of employees of an Italian District Health Authority, Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria (ULSS), to define a scheme of an economic evaluation to be used for other vaccination strategies. Design In an observational study conducted from December 2002 to April 2003, 107 ULSS employees, voluntarily vaccinated, were compared with 107 nonvaccinated ULSS employees matched for age, sex, and job category. The outcome of cost-benefit analysis was evaluated by checking personnel department records about absences from work and their causes, including influenza. Costs and benefits of the influenza vaccination from the ULSS point of view were calculated. Results The influenza vaccination strategy reduced absences from work by 23% and decreased the loss of working days by 30% and related cost. This difference is not significative. The ratio vaccination benefits/cost was €4.2. The advantage of vaccination is confirmed by sensitivity analysis performed on the mean cost of a working day, which showed that the benefit-cost ratio ranged from €4.5 to €11.7. Conclusions The results suggest that the influenza vaccination strategy in our sample of people was cost-saving. The economic evaluation used in this study could also be used for other vaccination strategies and in other settings.
Electronic design and validation of Powered Knee Orthosis system embedded with wearable sensors

The development of new architectures for orthotic devices has been playing a major role in the rehabilitation of gait disorders. This paper proposes a new electronic and control architecture for a powered orthosis, particularly, a knee orthosis. The system was designed to be modular, being composed of the orthosis and biomedical wearable sensors, such as inertial measurement units, force sensitive resistors, and electromyography. For each component, robust hardware and software interfaces were designed and validated, plus two tracking control strategies, namely, position control, that imposes a trajectory based on the angle measured in the joint, and torque control to act mostly as a passive component, using the measured user-orthosis interaction torque. The whole system was validated with healthy subjects walking in level-ground on a treadmill at different speeds. The main results show that the system is functional. The interfaces created as well as the assistive control techniques were successfully validated. Moreover, the system allows an efficient inclusion of other devices, given the modularity achieved in its design.
European research is launched into hypothermia stroke treatment

A major phase III clinical trial of mild hypothermia to treat stroke patients by cooling the brain will be launched later this year after the consortium involved secured funding of some €11m (£9.2m; $14.5m) from the European Commission’s research programme. The five year trial, called EUROHYP-1, will begin in November when 60 hospitals in 25 countries will use the technique to treat 1500 patients who have had an acute ischaemic stroke. It has already been tested in over 200 animal experiments and in pilot clinical trials involving around 100 volunteers. These have shown that cooling the brain within six …
Organ Donation : An Analytical Typology

Organ donation is a form of human commerce based on solidarity, solidarity impelled by death (generally donor’s death and in many case recipient’s imminent death). The purpose of this study is to show that the form of donation varies by the material nature of the organ and that it is important not only to distinguish living or what is here called inter vivos organ donation from post mortem donation but also to take into account whether organ use can be deferred or not. In recent years, original forms of organ donation have appeared–both post mortem and inter vivos– in which economic incentives come increasingly into play. The study analyzes these recent developments in terms of pseudo markets and an “economy of exhortation”. It concludes by considering the organizational nature of giving in organ donation.
Telocytes subtypes in human urinary bladder

Urinary bladder voiding is a complex mechanism depending upon interplay among detrusor, urothelium, sensory and motor neurons and connective tissue cells. The identity of some of the latter cells is still controversial. We presently attempted to clarify their phenotype(s) in the human urinary bladder by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunohistochemistry. At this latter aim, we used CD34, PDGFRα, αSMA, c‐Kit and calreticulin antibodies. Both, TEM and immunohistochemistry, showed cells that, sharing several telocyte (TC) characteristics, we identified as TC; these cells, however, differed from each other in some ultrastructural features and immunolabelling according to their location. PDGFRα/calret‐positive, CD34/c‐Kit‐negative TC were located in the sub‐urothelium and distinct in two subtypes whether, similarly to myofibroblasts, they were αSMA‐positive and had attachment plaques. The sub‐urothelial TC formed a mixed network with myofibroblasts and were close to numerous nerve endings, many of which nNOS‐positive. A third TC subtype, PDGFRα/αSMA/c‐Kit‐negative, CD34/calret‐positive, ultrastructurally typical, was located in the submucosa and detrusor. Briefly, in the human bladder, we found three TC subtypes. Each subtype likely forms a network building a 3‐D scaffold able to follow the bladder wall distension and relaxation and avoiding anomalous wall deformation. The TC located in the sub‐urothelium, a region considered a sort of sensory system for the micturition reflex, as forming a network with myofibroblasts, possessing specialized junctions with extracellular matrix and being close to nerve endings, might have a role in bladder reflexes. In conclusions, the urinary bladder contains peculiar TC able to adapt their morphology to the organ activity.
Hepatitis B virus infection in South Korea: three decades after universal vaccination

See Article on Page 413-419 In 1992, the World Health Assembly issued a resolution that recommend universal hepatitis B vaccination in countries in which it is feasible [1]. The rationale for the recommendation was that 1) hepatitis B virus (HBV) is second only to smoking as a risk factor for cancer mortality [2], and 2) the hepatitis B vaccine is among the safest and most efficient vaccines available. Because the prevalence of HBV infection is highest in Asian countries [3], excellent reports have been issued from Taiwan [4], China [5], and Korea [6] regarding the efficacy of vaccination against HBV, not only for the prevention of new infection, but also in terms of a decrease in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma [4]. In South Korea, the HBV vaccine was first available in 1982 and was generated from the sera of patients. However, a decade passed until the universal vaccination program was implemented. Since then, as show by Kim et al. [7] in this issue, the prevalence of HBV infection has decreased continually (Fig. 1), which is in line with reports from neighboring countries [4,5]. Figure 1 Trend of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seropositivity in South Korea during the most recent two decades. Of note, however, is the finding that the prevalence has not decreased significantly in the population in their 50s. Several mechanisms might underlie this finding: 1) as proposed by the authors, the risk of HBV-related morbidity/mortality is relatively stable in this age group; and 2) more importantly, this population has not had the opportunity to undergo the new preventive measure (vaccination). Indeed, even if they were vaccinated, the effect would be identical to the actual situation without vaccination because new infection in patients in their thirties was relatively rare during that era, because vertical transmission predominated in Korea. In a mathematical model of vaccination and herd immunity [8], the efficacy of the HBV vaccine was less certain than that of vaccines against other infectious diseases-such as measles-because the R0 (secondary cases produced by one primary case in a susceptible population) is typically low [8]. Therefore, it is not surprising that the impact of universal vaccination differs according to age. More recent mathematical modeling has confirmed the benefit of HBV vaccination in terms of overall HBV-related deaths [9], and older generations should be proud of the benefit of their endeavors for the younger generation.
Agrammatic language: Two cases from Persian

The grammar of two right-handed monolingual native speakers of Persian who became aphasic subsequent to left traumatic brain damage is analysed, discussed, and compared with control data. Assessment on the Farsi version of the Bilingual Aphasia Test (Paradis, Paribakht, & Nilipour 1987) and the CLAS I connected speech analysis procedures (Menn & Obler 1990, ch. 2) indicated that the two patients met the clinical picture of Broca's aphasia and showed the general characteristics of agrammatic speech. The data suggest that Persian agrammatism resembles the syndrome in other languages in having severe disruption of the verbs and more reliance on nouns than on verbs. There are language-particular and individual patterns of interest, notably the use of "is" as a completely general default verb by one subject and the tendency to omit NP-internal conjunctions. The present tense of the verb is also used as a default, in spite of being longer than corresponding past tense forms.
Hierarchies of environments for sound variation; plus implications for ‘neutral’ vowels in vowel harmony

Abstract Chen (1973) and Neeld (1973) maintain that there is a strict hierarchy of environments for the palatalization of consonants: palatalization occurs preferentially before high vowels (and glides) and if in a given language it occurs before a vowel of a certain height (other things being equal) it will occur before all higher vowels. Although statistically this is quite true, there are some exceptions to this principle. It is instructive to review the nature of these exceptions and to attempt to derive them from “first principles” - in this case, from speech perception. I will then connect these principles to other more general phonological phenomena especially “neutral vowels” in vowel harmony systems.
Relational Dynamics of Swinging Relationships

This exploratory study used qualitative methods to gain a richer understanding of the relational dynamics in modern swinging relationships. Swinging was defined at the onset of the study as sexual activities that married couples engage in with people other than their spouses. Twenty people (10 couples) volunteered and were interviewed using computer-mediated communication. Symbolic interactionism provides the theoretical framework for the study. Within the construct of relational dynamics, themes of power and decision making, commitment to swinging, and privacy about swinging emerged.
The Effects of Periodization Versus Progressive Resistance Exercise on Upper and Lower Body Strength in Women

This study compared periodization (PER) with active rest periods to progressive resistance exercise (PRE) to determine which led to more strength gains and whether a performance plateau occurred during 15 weeks of training. Twenty women were randomly assigned to the PER group (n = 10) of the PRE group (n = 10). One repetition maximum (1-RM) was recorded for both groups on the bench press and parallel squat as a pretest, every 3 weeks, and again as a posttreatment test. Both groups trained on the same equipment 2 days a week. PER underwent 8 weeks of hypertrophy training (3 × 10-RM), 2 weeks of strength and power training (3 × 4-RM), and 2 weeks of peak training (3 × 2-RM), with a 1-week aerobic active rest period between phases. PRE maintained the same 3 × 6-RM program throughout the study. ANOVA with repeated measures revealed no statistical difference between groups for the bench press of parallel squat. PER had consistent increases in strength while PRE appeared to be plateauing near the end of the 15-week study. Volume of work performed was more powerful in determining strength than was the manipulation of repetitions, sets, or periods of active rest.
Scripts as Determinants of Purposeful Behavior in Organizations

This paper focuses on the role cognitive scripts, a unique type of knowledge schema, play in generating purposive behaviors in organizations. Three separate but complementary areas of research (Scheme Theory, Control Theory, and Goal Setting Theory) clarify the processes that link script-type structures to purposeful behavior. Finally, implications and extensions of this comprehensive framework based on previously identified content, structure, and process issues are considered.
The IMC formation and progress in the copper pillar Cu/Sn1.8Ag /OSP-Cu microbump structure upon current stressing

The present study investigated the evolution of intermetallic compounds on a microbump structure upon electric current stressing. The incorporation of Cu pillar gives rise to the microbump structure of TiCuCu/Sn1.8Ag/OSP (organic solderability preservative)-Cu. The current stressing was conducted at a current density of 1.0 × 104 A/cm2 under 125°C for various durations of 24hr, 100hr, 200hr, 300hr, and tested to fail(566hr). In order to have a good understanding to the progress and mechanism of IMCs growth, the bumps were examined in perpendicular directions. The growth of intermetallic compounds within the microbump was found to segregate on certain corner in the beginning of current stressing. The intermetallic compounds grew from the segregated area as induced by electric current flow. The intermetallic compounds grew to almost completely occupy the entire solder bump in most of the joints investigated. Cu3Sn grew to occupy most of the solder volume of the microbump joint in the failed specimen, while the Cu6Sn5 and Ag3Sn IMCs gathered at the center of solder joint. Cracks penetrated through the central region of the joint between the upper and lower Cu3Sn IMC. The cross-section inspection revealed that the microbump structure failed through the voids and crack formation along the central region of the joints. The findings indicate the marvelous difference in intermetallic compounds formation behavior between flip solder bump and microbump as a result of the differences in current density and solder/UBM structure.
Circularly Polarized Square-Ring Antenna Loaded With Reactive Components

In this study, a novel, simple single-feed square-ring antenna is proposed for circular polarization (CP) operation. The design procedure involves three stages. In the first step, a conventional square-ring antenna is loaded with an open gap at specific locations along the square ring. This antenna exhibits two resonance characteristics (f1 and f2) with polarizations orthogonal to each other. This antenna works as a dual-band dual-linear polarized antenna. In the second step, the second resonant frequency (f2) is controlled without varying the first resonant frequency (f1) by embedding a lumped-chip capacitor/inductor in the open gap of the square-ring antenna. Therefore, the antenna has a tunable frequency ratio (f2/f1). By choosing a suitable lumped element, two proximal resonant frequencies are obtained, and two orthogonal resonant modes with a 90° phase difference are excited. Finally, pure CP is obtained. In the last stage, a lumped element is realized using a distributed element. Numerous prototypes of the proposed antenna are implemented, and their performance is measured. The measurement results show that radiation patterns with good CP characteristics are obtained at the resonant frequencies.
A Recognition System of China-style License Plates Based on Mathematical Morphology and Neural Network

of the intelligent traffic system. Through the research of four key links of the license plate location, image pre-processing, character segmentation and character recognition, the paper has designed an intact license plate recognition system and has implemented the simulation in the environment of MATLAB. The license plate location, which is based on colour character and vein character, has realized the thick location of the blue bottom and white word license plate. The image pre-processing, which is included gray processing, binary processing and the license plate slant correction to the horizontal line, is adopted by the related operation of mathematical morphology and Radon transformation. Character segmentation is based on the improved horizontal projection. Aiming at the characteristic of China-style license plates, the character recognition is proposed to use four kinds of different classification devices by using the improved BP neural network. This system is effective for solving the problems which are Chinese character unconnected, cement of the character, illumination variance and interference of the noise and space mark.
Impact of point-of-care CD4 testing on linkage to HIV care: a systematic review

Point‐of‐care testing for CD4 cell count is considered a promising way of reducing the time to eligibility assessment for antiretroviral therapy (ART) and of increasing retention in care prior to treatment initiation. In this review, we assess the available evidence on the patient and programme impact of point‐of‐care CD4 testing.
Jungle yellow fever, Rio de Janeiro.

484 Emerging Infectious Diseases Vol. 7, No. 3, May–June 2001 Thai isolates. Only 20 different spoligopatterns were found among 499 isolates in the Vietnam study, compared to 60 among 244 isolates in our study. Although the Beijing genotype of M. tuberculosis has been recognized in settings of emerging drug resistance around the world, the situation in Southeast Asian countries with a high frequency of Beijing type isolates appears to be nonuniform.
Replication of Wild-Type and Mutant Human Cytomegalovirus in Life-Extended Human Diploid Fibroblasts

ABSTRACT A cDNA encoding the catalytic subunit of human telomerase was used to generate life-extended derivatives of primary human diploid fibroblasts. The life-extended cells supported efficient human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication. A subclone of the life-extended cells was generated containing the HCMV UL82 gene and used to isolate and propagate a virus that exhibited a profound growth defect after infection at a low input multiplicity.
Dependence of P-band interferometric height on forest parameters from simulation and observation

GeoSAR is a unique dual-band, interferometric SAR (DBInSAR) sensor capable of collecting single-pass, X-band (VV) and P-band (HH) interferometric data simultaneously. In this paper we examine the dependence of the P-band HH interferometric phase centre height upon forest and terrain parameters. We develop a simple model for P-band GeoSAR observations, and use the model to show how the elevation in P-band HH phase centre height above true ground height is related to the volume-to-ground scattering ratio. GeoSAR is not fully-polarimetric, but records cross-polar (HV) returns at P-band (although not interferometrically). We conjecture that these returns are dominated by direct-volume scattering and related to the direct-volume HH backscatter. We use this relationship to model the dependence of the P-band HH DTM height upon the HV/HH ratio, and the difference in X-band DEM with P-band DTM heights. The relationships are examined using simulated forest InSAR data, and a model is proposed for ground-height and tree-height estimation using DBInSAR that does not require full polarimetry.