Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial DNA transmission, replication and inheritance: a journey from the gamete through the embryo and into offspring and embryonic stem cells.

BACKGROUND Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes key proteins associated with the process of oxidative phosphorylation. Defects to mtDNA cause severe disease phenotypes that can affect offspring survival. The aim of this review is to identify how mtDNA is replicated as it transits from the fertilized oocyte into the preimplantation embryo, the fetus and offspring. Approaches for deriving offspring and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are analysed to determine their potential application for the prevention and treatment of mtDNA disease. METHODS The scientific literature was investigated to determine how mtDNA is transmitted, replicated and segregated during pluripotency, differentiation and development. It was also probed to understand how the mtDNA nucleoid is regulated in somatic cells. RESULTS mtDNA replication is strictly down-regulated from the fertilized oocyte through the preimplantation embryo. At the blastocyst stage, the onset of mtDNA replication is specific to the trophectodermal cells. The inner cell mass cells restrict mtDNA replication until they receive the key signals to commit to specific cell types. However, it is necessary to determine whether somatic cells reprogrammed through somatic cell nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency or fusion to an ESC are able to regulate mtDNA replication so that they can be used for patient-specific cell therapies and to model disease. CONCLUSIONS Prevention of the transmission of mtDNA disease from one generation to the next is still restricted by our lack of understanding as to how to ensure that a donor karyoplast transferred to an enucleated oocyte is free of accompanying mutant mtDNA. Techniques still need to be developed if stem cells are to be used to treat mtDNA disease in those patients already suffering from the phenotype.
Sparse hashing for fast multimedia search

Hash-based methods achieve fast similarity search by representing high-dimensional data with compact binary codes. However, both generating binary codes and encoding unseen data effectively and efficiently remain very challenging tasks. In this article, we focus on these tasks to implement approximate similarity search by proposing a novel hash based method named sparse hashing (SH for short). To generate interpretable (or semantically meaningful) binary codes, the proposed SH first converts original data into low-dimensional data through a novel nonnegative sparse coding method. SH then converts the low-dimensional data into Hamming space (i.e., binary encoding low-dimensional data) by a new binarization rule. After this, training data are represented by generated binary codes. To efficiently and effectively encode unseen data, SH learns hash functions by taking a-priori knowledge into account, such as implicit group effect of the features in training data, and the correlations between original space and the learned Hamming space. SH is able to perform fast approximate similarity search by efficient bit XOR operations in the memory of a modern PC with short binary code representations. Experimental results show that the proposed SH significantly outperforms state-of-the-art techniques.
The Post-Graduate Academic English Language Skills and the Language Skills Measured by the Iranian PhD Entrance Exam: A Test Reform and Curriculum Change

To investigate the congruence between the requisite post-graduate academic language skills and the language skills measured by the General English section of the Iranian National PhD Entrance exam, field-specialist informants, language-specialist informants and post-graduate students were questioned. The informants’ data were collected through interviews and the students’ data were obtained through a language skills’ questionnaire. The informants and students’ data were analyzed through content analysis and frequency analysis, respectively. The informants acknowledged that all four language skills were crucial for academic success. Considering congruity, both groups of informants asserted that there was little congruity between the language skills measured by the exam and those of the academic context. Post-graduate students believed that the reading section of the exam did not match their academic needs; they also believed that a writing section should be added and that a listening section need not be included in the exam. The findings have some implications for a change in the curriculum preceding the exam.
Biorthogonal wavelet transform based classification of human object using Adaboost classifier

Human object classification in video is an important problem in computer vision. The main challenge is to correctly classify any human object in presence of several objects, occlusion of object, varying background and lighting conditions, etc. Object classification is much desired in surveillance like applications. Several classification algorithms have been proposed in spatial and wavelet domain. In this paper we present an object classification application of machine learning which is based on the single feature of object. The feature chosen for classification is energy of biorthogonal wavelet transform (BWT) coefficients of the object and is used to classify the object in a video into two categories: human object and non-human object. Two important properties of biorthogonal wavelet transform - shift invariance and symmetry, are useful for object classification. Translation in object is well handled by the shift invariance property while symmetry property is used to maintain the object boundaries. Classification has been performed using Adaboost classifier. Quantitative analysis of the results demonstrates better performance of the proposed method over other state-of-the-art methods.
An update on THORPEX-related research in data assimilation and observing strategies

The international programme "THORPEX: a World Weather Research Programme" provides a framework in which to tackle the challenge of improving the forecast skill of high-impact weather through international collaboration between academic institutions, operational forecast centres, and users of forecast products. The objectives of the THORPEX Data Assimilation and Observation Strategy Working Group (DAOS-WG) are two-fold. The primary goal is to assess the impact of observations and various targeting methods to provide guidance for observation campaigns and for the configuration of the Global Observing System. The secondary goal is to setup an optimal framework for data assimilation, including aspects such as targeted observations, satellite data, background error covariances and quality control. The Atlantic THORPEX Regional campaign, ATReC, in 2003, has been very successful technically and has provided valuable datasets to test targeting issues. Various data impact experiments have been performed, showing a small but very slightly positive impact of targeted observations. Projects of the DAOS-WG include working on the AMMA field experiment, in the context of IPY and to prepare the future THORPEX-PARC field campaign in the Pacific by comparing sensitivity of the forecasts to observations between several groups.
Computing Walking Distances within Buildings Using the Universal Circulation Network

In this paper we define a computational method for measuring walking distances within buildings based on a length-weighted graph structure for a given building model. We name it the universal circulation network (UCN) and it has been implemented as plug-in software in Solibri Model Checker using building information modeling technologies. It provides a new explicitly defined method for representing circulation paths on top of building models supporting further circulation-related analysis as a network application. We define the computing algorithms and how we realize them. We focus not only on the implementation issues, but also on other intrinsic aspects that need to be considered while dealing with pedestrian circulation within buildings. The UCN is determined mainly by the spatial topology and geometry of a given building, and it returns consistent and accurate scalar quantities. It takes into consideration people-movement patterns, reflecting that people tend to walk along the shortest, easiest, and most visible paths. In several actual-design review projects, the UCN has proved that it is of practical benefit, not only to the distance measurement but also the visualization of pedestrian circulation, especially in reviewing building circulation.
Silicon surface passivation by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited amorphous silicon carbide films

Esta tesis se centra en el estudio sistematico de las propiedades pasivadoras de capas de silicio-carbono amorfo (a-SiCx:H) depositado por PECVD demostrando la posibilidad de introducir este esquema de pasivacion en la superficie posterior de una celula solar. La pasivacion superficial se caracteriza por una velocidad de recombinacion efectiva, Seff. Sin embargo, la magnitud que se puede medir es el tiempo de vida efectivo de los portadores, teff, que tiene en cuenta todos los mecanismos de recombinacion presentes en la oblea. En concreto se han medido las curvas teff vs. Dn y se han ajustado mediante un modelo teorico para determinar los parametros de recombinacion de la superficie que son: las velocidades fundamentales de recombinacion de electrones y huecos, Sn0 y Sp0; y la carga fija en el interfaz, Qf. El nucleo central de esta tesis se basa en el estudio de la pasivacion de la superficie de silicio de 3.3 W·cm tipo p mediante capas intrinsecas de a-SiCx:H. Se ha medido sistematicamente la dependencia de Seff con la temperatura de deposito (Tdep), la presion total en la camara durante el deposito (Ptot) y el ratio de flujos de CH4 y SiH4 (Y). En este ultimo estudio se han introducido tambien obleas de 1.4 W·cm tipo n. Respecto a la dependencia de Seff con Tdep, se ha encontrado que cuanto mayor es la temperatura de deposito de las capas menor es Seff. El mejor resultado es Seffmenor que 36 cm·s-1 con Tdep= 400 oC. Esta pasivacion esta basada en un aumento de Qf con Tdep. Este aumento se ha correlado con la disminucion de enlaces Si-H en las capas indicando que enlaces sueltos de Si pueden ser el origen de Qf. La dependencia de Seff con Y es muy similar para los dos substratos estudiados. Sin embargo, los ajustes de las curvas teff vs. Dn revelan un signo diferente para Qf en funcion del tipo de silicio utilizado. En ambos casos, la superficie se ve invertida por dicha carga. Este resultado indica q
Scalable Arbitrary Surrounded Surface Calibration for Multi-projector Rendering Application

An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, an electrostatic image forming device for forming an electrostatic image based on an image signal on the image bearing member, a developing device for developing the electrostatic image on the image bearing member, a detector for detecting the amount of a toner in the developing device, an integrating device for integrating a number of image signals produced by the apparatus, and an estimator for estimating and indicating whether the apparatus has consumed a predetermined amount of toner, on the basis of the integrated amount integrated by the integrating device before the detector detects the consumption of all the toner.
Décomposition arborescente et cohérence locale souple dans les CSP pondérés

Plusieurs approches recentes pour resoudre les modeles graphiques (reseaux Bayesiens avec contraintes) exploitent simultanement une decomposition du graphe et le maintien d'une propriete de coherence locale. La decomposition de graphe exploite la structure du probleme, offrant des bornes sur la complexite spatiale et temporelle, tandis que la propagation des contraintes dures conduit en pratique a des ameliorations en terme de memoire et de temps a l'interieur de ces bornes de complexite theorique. Parallelement, l'extension des proprietes de coherence locale au cas des reseaux de contraintes ponderees a permis d'importants gains d'efficacite pour les methodes fondees sur le principe de separation et evaluation. En fait, ces coherences locales souples etablissent de maniere incrementale des minorants permettant de couper dans l'arbre de recherche et de guider les heuristiques. Dans cet article, nous considerons la combinaison d'une methode exploitant la decomposition arborescente avec le maintien d'une propriete de coherence locale souple pour resoudre des problemes de satisfaction de contraintes ponderees. L'interaction complexe entre ces deux mecanismes amene a considerer differentes approches ayant differentes proprietes theoriques. Il apparait que la combinaison la plus prometteuse sacrifie un peu les bornes theoriques pour une meilleure efficacite en pratique.
Widening the gap between measurement and modelling ofsecondary organic aerosol properties

The link between measured sub-saturated hygroscopicity and cloud activation potential of secondary organic aerosol particles produced by the chamber photo-oxidation of α-pinene in the presence or absence of ammonium sulphate seed aerosol was investigated using two models of varying complexity. A simple single hygroscopicity parameter model and a more complex model (incorporating surface effects) were used to assess the detail required to predict the cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) activity from the subsaturated water uptake. Sub-saturated water uptake measured by three hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyser (HTDMA) instruments was used to determine the water activity for use in the models. The predicted CCN activity was compared to the measured CCN activation potential using a continuous flow CCN counter. Reconciliation using the more complex model formulation with measured cloud activation could be achieved widely different assumed surface tension behavior of the growing droplet; this was entirely determined by the instrument used as the source of water activity data. This unreliable derivation of the water activity as a function of solute concentration from sub-saturated hygroscopicity data indicates a limitation in the use of such data in predicting cloud condensation nucleus behavior of particles with a significant organic fraction. Similarly, the ability of the simpler single parameter model to predict cloud activation behaviour was dependent on the instrument used to measure sub-saturated hygroscopicity and the relative humidity used to provide the model input. However, agreement was observed for inorganic salt solution particles, which were measured by all instruments in agreement with theory. The difference in HTDMA data from validated and extensively used instruments means that it cannot be stated with certainty the detail required to predict the CCN activity from sub-saturated hygroscopicity. In order to narrow the gap between measurements of hygroscopic growth and CCN activity the processes involved must be understood and the instrumentation extensively quality assured. It is impossible to say from the results presented here due to the differences in HTDMA data whether: i) Surface tension suppression occurs ii) Bulk to surface partitioning is important iii) The water activity coefficient changes significantly as a function of the solute concentration.
Human-FES Cooperative Control for Wrist Movement: A Preliminary Study

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) sometimes applies to patients with partial paralysis, so human voluntary control and FES control both exist. Our study aims to build a cooperative controller to achieve human-FES cooperation. This cooperative controller is formed by a classical FES controller and an impedance controller. The FES controller consists of a back propagation (BP) neural network-based feedforward controller and a PID-based feedback controller. The function of impedance controller is to convert volitional force/torque, which is estimated from a three-stage filter based on EMG, into additional angle. The additional angle can reduce the FES intensity in our cooperative controller, comparing to that in classical FES controller. Some assessment experiments are designed to test the performance of the cooperative controller.
Prediction of user interest based on collaborative filtering for personalized academic recommendation

The development of Internet provides academic researchers with abundant information, which also brings them heavier and heavier information burden, because to obtain what they exactly want from the huge amount of resources will greatly affects the efficiency of information seeking. To alleviate user's information burden, academic recommendation which aims at automatically providing articles to researcher according to their interests has caught much attention. In academic recommendation, how to accurately predict user interest is a key issue. This paper presents a prediction method based on collaborative filtering. First, it is implemented based on refined user profile in which concept weights is adjusted. In the adjustment, the continuity feature of user's browsing content is taken into account, which is helpful in discovering collaborative users. Secondly, key concepts are selected from refined user profile. And collaborative users are discovered based only on key concepts, which can improve the efficiency of prediction. Thirdly, when extracting concepts that can represent user future interest, information quantity is presented as the evaluation attribute. In addition, semantic relations between concepts are considered when computing information quantity, which can ensure the accuracy of prediction. Experimental results demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of this method.
Dernières évolutions de SQuaLIA, le système de Questions/Réponses du LIA

RESUME. Cet article presente le systeme de Questions/Reponses (sQR) du LIA, ses composants internes (categorisation des questions, recherche de passages, extraction des reponses) ainsi que les points d'appui en amont des traitements, comme les bases de connaissances ou la prediction de la capacite a repondre. Tous ces aspects sont observes au travers des performances obtenues lors des campagnes d'evaluation qui permettent d'etablir un diagnostic des besoins d'amelioration et d'adaptation des systemes. L'analyse des resultats intermediaires des modules de notre sQR, depuis les donnees de la campagne EQueR, permet d'etudier l'influence de l'utilisation de scores de densite pour la recherche de passage ou de scores de compacite pour l'extraction des reponses. Les bases de connaissances prennent en charge des questions frequentes et permettent d'apporter une credibilite supplementaire a certaines reponses. Enfin, un apprentissage automatique des caracteristiques des questions auxquelles le systeme a pu repondre lors de la campagne EQueR permet de predire dans plus de 70% des cas si le systeme est capable de repondre a une question donnee. ABSTRACT. This paper introduces our Question Answering System. Evaluation campaigns such as TREC or EQueR helped us to better analyse the effects of various features on the main components, and lead us to propose new ones, as density for passages detection or compacity for answer extraction. The framework of the evaluation campaigns gives us some restrictions concerning the questions forms and focus. Some frequent questions may be answered with knowledge bases. In the particular context of evaluation campaigns, it can only validate candidate answers. From our participation at EQueR, we also studies if our system can predict its ability to answer to questions. With a machine learning algorithm using questions features, we show that we can predict with 70% of certainty if the system will be able to answer. MOTS-CLES : systeme de Questions Reponses, Questions Reponses, EQueR, evaluation d'un systeme de Questions Reponses, densite, compacite, bases de connaissances, prediction, prediction de la difficulte d'une question.
Concurrent Silicosis and Pulmonary Mycosis at Death

To examine risk for mycosis among persons with silicosis, we examined US mortality data for 1979–2004. Persons with silicosis were more likely to die with pulmonary mycosis than were those without pneumoconiosis or those with more common pneumoconioses. Health professionals should consider enhanced risk for mycosis for silica-exposed patients.
Pengaruh Electronic Word Of Mouth Terhadap Brand Awareness Konsumen Roti Gempol

Number of cafes in Bandung each year is increasing, it makes the competition even more intense. Roti Gempol is one of the typical cafes serving refined bread. Things that made the difference between one and the other brand by means of branding. Branding will generate brand awareness, see the phenomenon of a declining trend in line Roti Gempol proportional to the number of customers. Seeing with the development of Internet technology one way of promotion that can be done to increase brand awareness is the electronic word of mouth. The purpose of this research to investigate the influence of electronic word of mouth and brand awareness. This research will be conducted measurements of electronic word of mouth (X) visits of factors namely relevance, timeliness, accuracy, comprehensiveness and brand awareness (Y). Data collection methods used in the form of a questionnaire. The samples used for distributing questionnaires, using non-probability sampling method with convenience sampling technique. The number of respondents in this study as many as 384. This research is a descriptive quantitative measurement scale used is Likert scale points 7. This study used a simple linear regression analysis techniques and data processing using SPSS. Based on the results of data processing, it can be seen that the electronic word of mouth significant effect on brand awareness. The results showed that both variables are in a somewhat better category. Electronic word of mouth should still be done because it can be a positive influence on consumer brand awareness Roti Gempol. Keywords: Marketing; Electronic Word of Mouth; Brand Awareness.
A Brief Survey of Software Architecture Rikard Land Mälardalen

Software of today is becoming larger and more complex. More powerful ways of structuring complexity are consequently required, whether it is about development methodologies, structural programming, naming conventions, configuration management, or, as is discussed in this report, software architecture. A software system’s architecture can be described as the “blueprint” of a system at the highest level of abstraction, describing the main components and their most important interactions. We discuss in more detail how architectures can be described and the uses of such descriptions. Much research so far has also been dedicated to methods and case studies, to make the research of practical interest. This report describes how the quality of the software can be ensured to a certain degree through informal approaches – not least because an architectural description provides a common understanding around which different stakeholders can meet and discuss a system. Formal approaches are also emerging, and there are a number of formal languages for description of a system’s software architecture. This report presents a brief survey of the field of Software Architecture; both informal and formal approaches are covered and discussed. The report concludes with presenting the author’s planned research, aiming at answering how componentbased architectures can be designed to handle change.