Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optical code-division-multiplexed systems based on spectral encoding of noncoherent sources

Presents a new category of optical CDMA systems which work based on spectral encoding. In such systems, that the authors refer to as frequency-encoded CDMA (FE-CDMA) systems, the coding is done in the frequency domain while in the usual CDMA systems the code multiplies the modulation signal in the time domain. They present a new type of FE-CDMA system, based on encoding noncoherent broadband sources. They discuss the advantages of the system compared to other optical CDMA systems and present its performance. They show that very efficient, low-cost, CDMA systems can be obtained with an aggregate throughput of many gigabits per second. Also, for this system, the spreading gain of CDMA is independent of the modulation bandwidth. Hence, the system can accommodate variable bit rates, naturally. >
Some Properties of Nonlinear MAP Estimation by Simulated Annealing

A Simulated Annealing method is presented for the solution of nonlinear time series estimation problems, by maximization of the a Posteriori Likelihood function. Homogeneous temperature annealing is proposed for smoothing problems and inhomogeneous temperature annealing for filtering problems. Both methods of annealing guarantee convergence to the Maximum A Posteriori Likelihood (MAP) estimate. Entropy change with temperature provides a heuristic evaluation of speed of convergence.
Research on the correlation between the age at the first calving and milk production characters.

The paper aimed to present the genetic determinism of milk yield traits and age at first calving using a number of 2,237 half sibs, offspring of 989 Friesian bulls and raised in various farms in Romania. Taking into account the peculiarities of half sibs families, it was used a linear mathematical model for unbiased cross classification. Average 305-days milk yield at the first lactation was 3,034.88 ± 14.67 kg, while the average milk fat percentage registered 3.79 ±0.004 %. Average 305 days fat yield accounted for 115.12±0.59 kg, average age at first calving regietered 839.25±1.43 days ( 27.5 months). Between milk yield and fat percentage, it was found a correlation of rG 0.245, reflecting a weak but positive relation between the two traits. The phenotypic correlation was low and a negative one (rF = -0.181), showing a weak and reverse link between the two traits. Between milk yield and fat yield, both the genotypic and phenotypic correlations were very high and had positive values, rG = 0.971 and rF = 0.964. Between fat percentage and fat yield, it was found a genotypic and phenotypic positive correlation, rG = 0.465, and, respectively, rF = 0.240. The correlation between age at first calving and milk yield was extremely weak and negative, rG = 0.257 şi rF = 0.090. Between age at first calving and fat percentage, the correlation was very small and had a negative value (rG = 0.187) and (rF = 0.032). Between age at first calving and fat yield, both the genetic and phenotypic correlations were weak and negative (rG = -0.288 and rF = 0.093). The values of the heritability and genotypic correlations pointed out the effect of the aditive action of the genes, but the phenotypic correlations indicated that some traits were also determined by the environment factors. Cow selection based on milk yield has a positive impact on the future milk performance. In the breeding programmes, age at first calving should not be neglected as it could lead to a decline of production if it does not fit to the optimal thresholds of the the Friesian breed.
PERANAN BINTARA PEMBINA DESA (BABINSA) DALAM MENUNJANG KETERTIBAN DAN KEAMANAN MASYARAKAT DI DESA WAREMBUNGAN KECAMATAN PINELENG KABUPATEN MINAHASA

Untuk meningkatkan peran Babinsa yang optimal maka diperlukan tingkat kesadaran masyarakat dalam mendukungnya, karena bagaimanapun baiknya program yang dilakukan oleh Babinsa tanpa didukung dengan tingkat kesadaran masyarakat, maka pelaksanaan tugas tersebut akan mengalami hambatan. Oleh karena itu desa-desa yang ada baik di kepulauan (desa nelayan), desa pesisir (desa nelayan dan petani), desa daratan dan dataran, pegunungan, perkotaan, pinggiran kota, maupun didesa-desa perbatasan, harus perlu dioptimalkan dengan peran Babinsa yang terkait dengan pembinaan pada masyarakat dalam menciptakan sistem keamanan lingkungan yang nyaman, serta aman dari berbagai gangguan. Kita dapat fahami bahwa dalam menciptakan suatu kondisi lingkungan yang aman dan terkendali merupakan tugas kepolisian, seringkali tak mampu mengendalikan keamanan dan ketertiban dalam masyarakat karena luasnya wilayah yang dijangkau apalagi terdapat didaerah-daerah terpencil, kondisi-kondisi ini juga tentunya akan melibatkan aparat terkait antaranya adalah peran Babinsa. Karena Babinsa dari segi strategi maupun kekuatan dalam menangkal lawan lebih baik ketimbang perangkat lainnya. Keandalannya dalam menangkal musuh maupun lawan telah didukung dengan persediaan alat tempur yang memadai serta kelebihan kemampuan yang dimiliki oleh prajurit TNI. Dengan berfungsinya peran Babinsa secara optimal maka diharapkan akan mampu menciptakan sistem keamanan dan ketertiban masyarakat secara terkendali yang bebas dari gangguan. Kenyataannya tugas Babinsa belum optimal, belum optimalnya tugas Babinsa karena belum mendapatkan dukungan penuh dari masyarakat, buktinya dalam mengatasi gangguan keamanan Babinsa bergerak sendiri tanpa adanya dukungan masyarakat. Lemahnya dukungan masyarakat akan mempengaruhi pelaksanaan tugas Babinsa dalam menjaga keamanan dan ketertiban dimasyarakat.
MPX-004 and MPX-007: New Pharmacological Tools to Study the Physiology of NMDA Receptors Containing the GluN2A Subunit

GluN2A is the most abundant of the GluN2 NMDA receptor subunits in the mammalian CNS. Physiological and genetic evidence implicate GluN2A-containing receptors in susceptibility to autism, schizophrenia, childhood epilepsy and neurodevelopmental disorders such as Rett Syndrome. However, GluN2A-selective pharmacological probes to explore the therapeutic potential of targeting these receptors have been lacking. Here we disclose a novel series of pyrazine-containing GluN2A antagonists exemplified by MPX-004 (5-(((3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)sulfonamido)methyl)-N-((2-methylthiazol-5-yl)methyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide) and MPX-007 (5-(((3-fluoro-4-fluorophenyl)sulfonamido)methyl)-N-((2-methylthiazol-5-yl)methyl)methylpyrazine-2-carboxamide). MPX-004 and MPX-007 inhibit GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors expressed in HEK cells with IC50s of 79 nM and 27 nM, respectively. In contrast, at concentrations that completely inhibited GluN2A activity these compounds have no inhibitory effect on GluN2B or GluN2D receptor-mediated responses in similar HEK cell-based assays. Potency and selectivity were confirmed in electrophysiology assays in Xenopus oocytes expressing GluN2A-D receptor subtypes. Maximal concentrations of MPX-004 and MPX-007 inhibited ~30% of the whole-cell current in rat pyramidal neurons in primary culture and MPX-004 inhibited ~60% of the total NMDA receptor-mediated EPSP in rat hippocampal slices. GluN2A-selectivity at native receptors was confirmed by the finding that MPX-004 had no inhibitory effect on NMDA receptor mediated synaptic currents in cortical slices from GRIN2A knock out mice. Thus, MPX-004 and MPX-007 offer highly selective pharmacological tools to probe GluN2A physiology and involvement in neuropsychiatric and developmental disorders.
Rewriting Semantics and Analysis of Concurrency Features for a C-like Language

This paper shows how one can easily transform K definitions of programming languages into runtime verification tools. To increase the confidence that these runtime verification tools can be used for testing realworld programs, the paper uses KernelC, a subset of the C programming language containing functions, memory allocation, pointer arithmetic, and input/output, which can be used to execute and test real C programs. KernelC is extended with threads and synchronization constructs, and two concurrent semantics are derived from its sequential semantics. The first semantics, defining a sequentially consistent memory model, can be easily transformed into a runtime verification tool for checking datarace and deadlock freeness. The second semantics defines in a relatively minimal fashion a relaxed memory model based on the x86-TSO memory model. By exploring the executions of an implementation of Peterson’s mutual exclusion algorithm for both definitions, it is shown that the algorithm guarantees mutual exclusion for the sequentially consistent model, but cannot guarantee it for the relaxed model, but also that by allowing fence operations in the language, the algorithm can be fixed and proven correct for the TSO model, too.
A novel approach to design of signal matched QMF and DFT filter bank

In this paper, we propose three different filter bank structures matched to a signals or its statistics namely: 2-channel uniform filter bank, M-channel dyadic nonuniform filter bank and M-channel modified DFT filter bank. First, 2-channel QMF analysis filter bank matched to a signal or its statistics is obtained. In order to obtain this filter bank, the given sequence is first divided into even and odd subsequences. For each subsequence predictor is estimated. By combining these predictors in such a way that the resultant signals represent the different frequency bands, analysis low pass and high pass filters are obtained and then by combining the inverses of linear predictors corresponding synthesis filters are easily obtained. In this manner two channel signal matched QMF bank is estimated by using same approach, we present, M-channel NUFB model matched to the signal or its statistics. To estimate the filters of this model, first we estimate two channel QMF analysis bank and then using the signal across the low pass subband, 2-channel analysis bank is obtained again in the same fashion. By cascading these two 2-channel analysis banks, 3-channel non-uniform filter with decimation factors {2 ,4, 4} matched to signal or its statistics is estimated. Further, proposed approach is also extended to find M-channel residual error DFT filter bank (modified DFT filter bank). In this approach, first given sequence is divided into M-subsequences and for each subsequence predictor coefficients are estimated and then these predictors are combine using DFT matrix. Filter banks design using proposed approach are computationally inexpensive and also they give compression results equal to or better than uniform counter part. To validate the theory the results of compression on speech clips are tabulated in the table.
A Case of Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia of Larger Than 2 cm

Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) has been considered to be a precursor lesion of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) and pulmonary adenocarcinoma. It usually coexists with BAC and/or an adenocarcinoma. Chest computed tomography reveals multiple well-defined nodules with ground-glass opacity. Usually, AAH does not exceed 10 mm in size. AAH with extensive involvement on one side of the lung field or one that is larger than 2 cm has not been previously reported. We herein report a case of a 71-year-old nonsmoking female with lung AAH of larger than 2 cm.
Debt and extinction of firms

The fact that a fi rm comes to the end of its activity through bankruptcy may be traumatic for its creditors. A fi rm which stops trading and voluntarily pays off its debts will rarely represent a signifi cant economic problem. In this article we shall endeavour to validate the theoretical results which, in general, show that the higher the debt the greater the probability of exit through bankruptcy and lower the probability of voluntary liquidation. Using data from the Central Credit Register and staff payrolls, we show that all things being equal, a fi rm with double the amount of debt in comparison to another will have a 25 per cent higher annual probability of exit through bankruptcy, whereas the probability, in the case of exit through voluntary liquidation, will fall to 5 per cent. These results have evident implications for the pricing of loans to nonfi nancial corporations in debt, owing to the fact that the higher the probabilities of exit, the higher the credit spreads.
The mechanism of vesicle formation.

Phospholipid molecules exhibit amphiphilic properties and therefore they aggregate either in their crystalline state or in polar solvents into ordered structures with typical lyotropic liquid crystalline symmetries (de Gennes, 1974). At high lipid concentrations in water these are predominantly lamellar phases (Luzzati, 1968), while in aqueous solutions phospholipid molecules normally form self-closed spherical or oval structures where one or several phospholipid bilayers entrap(s) part of the solvent in its/their interior (Bangham & Home, 1964; Papahadjopoulos, 1978). In the case of one bilayer separating the internal and external solvent these structures are called, with respect to their size, small or large unilamellar vesicles (SUV and LUV, respectively) while the term multilamellar vesicles (MLV) is used in the case of many bilayers entrapping some of the solvent. The terms giant vesicle (GV) and large or small oligolamellar vesicles (LOV, SOV) are also used for very large vesicles and structures where several bilayers surround the entrapped solvent. Sometimes, especially in the case of technological applications, the term liposome is a homonym for SUV, LUV and MLV while in the older literature terms liposome and MLV are often synonyms. Vesicles are very important in many different areas of science and technology. In basic research they serve as models for cell membranes and their fusion, transport studies and investigations of membrane proteins that can be reconstituted in vesicles (i.e. 'proteoliposomes'). They also serve as delivery vehicles for drugs, genetic material, enzymes and other (macro)molecules into living cells and through other hydrophobic barriers in pharmacology, medicine, genetic engineering, cosmetic industry and food industry (Gregoriadis, 1984). They are also used as
Modulation of TcR/CD3-zeta chain expression by a circulating factor derived from ovarian cancer patients

In women with ovarian cancer, suppression of components of the immune system may promote tumour development. Previous studies in ovarian cancer have demonstrated that decreased expression and function of the T-cell receptor (TcR)-associated signal transducing zeta-chain correlates with deficient immune responsiveness of T cells. In this study, sera and ascitic fluids obtained from woman with advanced ovarian cancer were found to suppress the expression of TcR-associated zeta chain. This suppression of zeta chain expression was dose-dependent and was not observed with biologic fluids obtained from healthy women.The factor responsible for the loss of zeta chain was purified from ascites and characterized as a protein with an appropriate molecular weight of 14 kD. Suppression of T-cell TcR-zeta was specific, since neither lck nor ZAP-70 expression was affected, while zeta chain was almost completely suppressed. This selective suppression of TcR-zeta expression by the 14 kD ascites-derived factor was shown to operate at the mRNA level. By defining the mechanism through which this protein modulates TcR-zeta chain levels, it might be possible to ultimately prevent the suppressive influences of the tumour microenvironment and restor immune competence in patients with ovarian carcinoma. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer. com
Performance tools

Performance tools are a way of making systematic the work needed to carry out performance studies so that several studies can be carried out more easily and be compared in a consistent way. After a brief overview by K. Nichols, 11 selected tools are introduced, in separate presentations, by their originating organizations. Four are strictly commercial products; most of the rest are available for a small distribution fee. They cover algorithms, architectures, their interactions, and testing of programs to meet real-time constraints. They target a range of systems: communications, computers, manufacturing, control, and embedded systems. Subjects included in the descriptions include Ada program tuning, real-time monitoring of N-cube programs, animated and analytical solution of queueing-system models, real-time and postmortem event-trace display, instrumented systems, and discrete-event simulation. The tools covered are: Network Architecture Simulation System; Q+, PM; Perspective; Axe; Hyperview; Simple/Care; Poker; Triplex; Arts; and Jed. <<ETX>>
On Involutive Anti-Automorphisms of Finite Abelian Groups

We investigate various aspects of involutions of groups, i.e, anti-automorphisms of order at most two. The emphasis is on finite abelian groups. We count the number of involutions for the cyclic groups, and consider the problem for direct products of groups. We also give a characterization for the set of skewed squares of finitely generated abelian groups with identity as the involution. The present paper is motivated by our research into switching classes of combinatorial graphs where the edges have skew gains.
Weighted Csiszár-Kullback-Pinsker inequalities and applications to transportation inequalities

Nous generalisons l'inegalite bien connue de Csiszar-Kullback-Pinsker, en introduisant des fonctions de poids dans la variation totale; les poids admissibles dependent de la decroissance a l'infini de la mesure de reference. De cette nouvelle inegalite nous deduisons des inegalites de transport faisant intervenir certaines distances de Wasserstein, retrouvant en particulier l'equivalence d'une inegalite T 1 et de l'existence d'un moment carre-exponentiel. En application de ces resultats, nous etablissons une variante des resultats de Djellout, Guillin et Wu [5] sur des inegalites de transport pour des systemes dynamiques aleatoires, sous une condition plus naturelle et plus generale portant desormais sur des moments exponentiels. Par la meme occasion nous retrouvons et generalisons un resultat non publie de Blower [1] relatif a la perturbation d'une inegalite T 2 .
Optimizing power consumption in iot based wireless sensor networks using Bluetooth Low Energy

This paper proposes an architecture that uses the ultra-low power Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) wireless standard and a hybrid topology to reduce power consumption in IOT based wireless sensor networks (IOTWSN). A lot of work has been done in the field of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) in recent years. Efforts to make efficient, low cost, scalable and easily deployable WSN have been on going. In order to reduce cost and improve life of a sensor node, it is necessary to optimize battery usage and power consumption. This paper looks at BLE as a potential candidate to reduce power in IOTWSN. BLE based activity detection is also incorporated into the system to avoid power wastage in real-time monitoring. The power consideration of the proposed architecture is compared to existing wireless technologies used in WSN.
Leveraging knowledge graphs for web-scale unsupervised semantic parsing

The past decade has seen the emergence of web-scale structured and linked semantic knowledge resources (e.g., Freebase, DBPedia). These semantic knowledge graphs provide a scalable “schema for the web”, representing a significant opportunity for the spoken language understanding (SLU) research community. This paper leverages these resources to bootstrap a web-scale semantic parser with no requirement for semantic schema design, no data collection, and no manual annotations. Our approach is based on an iterative graph crawl algorithm. From an initial seed node (entity-type), the method learns the related entity-types from the graph structure, and automatically annotates documents that can be linked to the node (e.g., Wikipedia articles, web search documents). Following the branches, the graph is crawled and the procedure is repeated. The resulting collection of annotated documents is used to bootstrap webscale conditional random field (CRF) semantic parsers. Finally, we use a maximum-a-posteriori (MAP) unsupervised adaptation technique on sample data from a specific domain to refine the parsers. The scale of the unsupervised parsers is on the order of thousands of domains and entity-types, millions of entities, and hundreds of millions of relations. The precision-recall of the semantic parsers trained with our unsupervised method approaches those trained with supervised annotations.
Endogenous Time Preference and Consumption Externalities in a Small Open Economy: Multiple Steady States and Indeterminacy

This paper presents a two-sector dynamic general equilibrium model in a small open economy and considers the role of endogenous impatience and consumption externalities in a neoclassical growth model. In the case of socially increasing marginal impatience, there exists a unique and saddle-point stable steady state. By contrast, in the case of socially decreasing marginal impatience, there may exist multiple steady states and the dynamic equilibrium around the steady state with incomplete specialization may exhibit indeterminacy. The occurrence of the indeterminacy result requires a large degree of increasing time preference in average consumption and a socially decreasing marginal impatience which means that the slope of the supply curve for capital is negative in the long-run. In addition, the long-run effects of a terms-of-trade deterioration on the economy's comparative advantage and its relation to indeterminacy are examined.
The Congressional Budget Process: A Brief Overview

The term "budget process," when applied to the federal government, actually refers to a number of processes that have evolved separately and that occur with varying degrees of coordination. This overview, and the accompanying flow chart, are intended to describe in brief each of the parts of the budget process that involve Congress, clarify the role played by each, and explain how they operate together. They include the President's budget submission, the budget resolution, reconciliation, sequestration, authorizations, and appropriations.
Specialized Persister Cells and the Mechanism of Multidrug Tolerance in Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT Bacterial populations produce persisters, cells that neither grow nor die in the presence of bactericidal agents, and thus exhibit multidrug tolerance (MDT). The mechanisms of MDT and the nature of persisters have remained elusive. Our previous research has shown that persisters are largely responsible for the recalcitrance of biofilm infections. A general method for isolating persisters was developed, based on lysis of regular cells by ampicillin. A gene expression profile of persisters contained toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules and other genes that can block important cellular functions such as translation. Bactericidal antibiotics kill cells by corrupting the target function (for example, aminoglycosides interrupt translation, producing toxic peptides). We reasoned that inhibition of translation will lead to a shutdown of cellular functions, preventing antibiotics from corrupting their targets, giving rise to MDT persister cells. Overproduction of the RelE toxin, an inhibitor of translation, caused a sharp increase in persisters. Functional expression of a putative HipA toxin also increased persisters, while deletion of the hipBA module caused a sharp decrease in persisters in both stationary and biofilm populations. HipA is thus the first validated persister-MDT gene. We suggest that random fluctuation in the levels of MDT proteins leads to the formation of rare persister cells. The function of these specialized dormant cells is to ensure the survival of the population in the presence of lethal factors.