Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lack of marine entry into Marmara and Black Sea-lakes indicate low relative sea level during MIS 3 in the northeastern Mediterranean

Abstract. The Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3) is considered a period of persistent and rapid climate and sea level variabilities during which eustatic sea level is observed to have varied by tens of meters. Constraints on local sea level during this time are critical for further estimates of these variabilities. We here present constraints on relative sea level in the Marmara and Black Sea regions in the northeastern Mediterranean, inferred from reconstructions of the history of the connections and disconnections (partial or total) of these seas together with the global ocean. We use a set of independent data from seismic imaging and core-analyses to infer that the Marmara and Black Seas remained connected persistent freshwater lakes that outflowed to the global ocean during the majority of MIS 3. Marine water intrusion during the early MIS-3 stage may have occurred into the Marmara Sea-Lake but not the Black Sea-Lake. This suggests that the relative sea level was near the paleo-elevation of the Bosporus sill and possibly slightly above the Dardanelles paleo-elevation, ~80 mbsl. The Eustatic sea level may have been even lower, considering the isostatic effects of the Eurasian ice sheet would have locally uplifted the topography of the northeastern Mediterrranean.
Data flow testing of service choreography

Service computing has increasingly been adopted by the industry, developing business applications by means of orchestration and choreography. Choreography specifies how services collaborate with one another by defining, say, the message exchange, rather than via the process flow as in the case of orchestration. Messages sent from one service to another may require the use of different XPaths to manipulate or extract message contents. Mismatches in XML manipulations through XPaths (such as to relate incoming and outgoing messages in choreography specifications) may result in failures. In this paper, we propose to associate XPath Rewriting Graphs (XRGs), a structure that relates XPath and XML schema, with actions of choreography applications that are skeletally modeled as labeled transition systems. We develop the notion of XRG patterns to capture how different XRGs are related even though they may refer to different XML schemas or their tags. By applying XRG patterns, we successfully identify new data flow associations in choreography applications and develop new data flow testing criteria. Finally, we report an empirical case study that evaluates our techniques. The result shows our techniques are promising in detecting failures in choreography applications.
Pharmacology of Antihistamines

This article reviews the molecular biology of the interaction of histamine with its H1-receptor and describes the concept that H1-antihistamines are not receptor antagonists but are inverse agonists i.e. they produce the opposite effect on the receptor to histamine. It then discourages the use of first-generation H1-antihistamines in clinical practice today for two main reasons. First, they are less effective than second generation H1-antihistamines. Second, they have unwanted side effects, particularly central nervous system and anti-cholinergic effects, and have the potential for causing severe toxic reactions which are not shared by second-generation H1-antihistamines. There are many efficacious and safe second-generation H1-antihistamines on the market for the treatment of allergic disease. Of the three drugs highlighted in this review, levocetirizine and fexofenadine are the most efficacious in humans in vivo. However, levocetirizine may cause somnolence in susceptible individuals while fexofenadine has a relatively short duration of action requiring twice daily administration for full all round daily protection. While desloratadine is less efficacious, it has the advantages of rarely causing somnolence and having a long duration of action. Lastly, all H1-antihistamines have anti-inflammatory effects but it requires regular daily dosing rather than dosing 'on-demand' for this effect to be clinically demonstrable.
Conservation of Regional Gene Expression in Mouse and Human Brain

Many neurodegenerative diseases have a hallmark regional and cellular pathology. Gene expression analysis of healthy tissues may provide clues to the differences that distinguish resistant and sensitive tissues and cell types. Comparative analysis of gene expression in healthy mouse and human brain provides a framework to explore the ability of mice to model diseases of the human brain. It may also aid in understanding brain evolution and the basis for higher order cognitive abilities. Here we compare gene expression profiles of human motor cortex, caudate nucleus, and cerebellum to one another and identify genes that are more highly expressed in one region relative to another. We separately perform identical analysis on corresponding brain regions from mice. Within each species, we find that the different brain regions have distinctly different expression profiles. Contrasting between the two species shows that regionally enriched genes in one species are generally regionally enriched genes in the other species. Thus, even when considering thousands of genes, the expression ratios in two regions from one species are significantly correlated with expression ratios in the other species. Finally, genes whose expression is higher in one area of the brain relative to the other areas, in other words genes with patterned expression, tend to have greater conservation of nucleotide sequence than more widely expressed genes. Together these observations suggest that region-specific genes have been conserved in the mammalian brain at both the sequence and gene expression levels. Given the general similarity between patterns of gene expression in healthy human and mouse brains, we believe it is reasonable to expect a high degree of concordance between microarray phenotypes of human neurodegenerative diseases and their mouse models. Finally, these data on very divergent species provide context for studies in more closely related species that address questions such as the origins of cognitive differences.
LANet: An Enriched Knowledgebase for Location-aware Activity Recommendation System

Accumulation of large amount of location-specific reviews on web due to escalating popularity of Location-based Social Networking platforms like Yelp, Foursquare, Brightkite etc. in recent years, has created the opportunity to discover location-specific activities and develop myriads of location-aware activity recommendation applications. The performance and popularity of such recommendation applications greatly depend on the richness and accuracy of the back-end knowledgebase, which intern is regulated by information relevancy and redundancy issues. Existing work on activity discovery have not made any attempt to ensure relevancy and non-redundancy of discovered knowledge (i.e., location-specific activities). Moreover, majority of these work have utilized body-worn sensors, images or human GPS traces and discovered generalized activities that do not convey any location-specific knowledge. In this thesis, we address the mentioned issues with serious concern and propose an effective solution to discover Location-specific Activity Network, in short LANet from location-aware reviews. The information network LANet serves as an accurate, enriched and unified knowledgebase of a Location-aware Activity Recommendation System. While building LANet, we also introduce novel ideas like, activity-based location similarity detection and measuring uniqueness, generality/speciality of an activity at a particular location to enrich the said knowledge base to a great extent. Experimental results show the information richness and accuracy of the proposed knowledge base which is comparable to human perception and accounts for our success in achieving the desired solution.
Measurement of endpoint stiffness in 6 dimensions

In rehabilitation, a robot is useful and effective. However, no rehabilitation robot can adapt to personal difference. Therefore, an index for quantitative assessment of the difference is required. In this paper, endpoint stiffness is measured as evaluation index in 6 dimensions. The experimental results are evaluated in point of similarly property between subjects and reproducibility in a subject. From these results, it is revealed that that Angle stiffness is similar between subjects for both the average value and ratio. The results mean endpoint stiffness in 6 dimensions seems to be effective.
Aspectos da formação de um grande sambaqui: alguns indicadores em Espinheiros II, Joinville.

Rescue archaeology fieldwork was conducted at the Espinheiros II shellmidden in Joinville, Santa Catarina State, in 1991-1992 by a team from Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia (Sao Paulo University) and from Museu Arqueologico de Sambaqui de Joinville. This paper discusses some site formation aspects. The site is very large and stratigraphically complex. Field work showed that the Espinheiros I and II shellmiddens (the former explored by Piazza in the sixties) possess the same bottom layer, therefore sharing a common base. In the southwestern part of the site, the almost absence of structures (only two hearths, with datations), a disarticulation of human remains, and strongly dipped layers suggest a downward movement of the shellmidden upper layers. Well preserved organic remains at the base of the mussel bottom layer indicate that the mangrove was quickly filled during its initial occupation phase.
Perceptual and Instrumental Analysis of Laryngeal Function After Traumatic Brain Injury in Childhood

ObjectiveTo investigate laryngeal function and phonatory disturbance in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI), using both perceptual and instrumental techniques. Design and participantsThe performance of 16 individuals with moderate to severe TBI acquired in childhood and 16 nonneurologically impaired control subjects was compared on a battery of perceptual (Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment, speech sample analysis) and instrumental (Aerophone II, laryngograph) assessments. Results and conclusionsAs a group, the children with TBI demonstrated normal, or only minimally impaired laryngeal function, when compared with the control group, which contrasts with the significant laryngeal impairment noted in adults after TBI. Several reasons for the different findings in relation to laryngeal function in adults and children after TBI are postulated: (1) differing types of injury usually incurred by adults and children may result in a relatively decreased degree of neurologic impairment in these children, (2) differences in recovery potential between adults and children, and (3) the pediatric larynx is still developing, hence it may be better able to compensate for any impairment incurred.
Named Entity Transliteration Generation Leveraging Statistical Machine Translation Technology

Automatically identifying that different orthographic variants of names are referring to the same name is a significant challenge for processing natural language processing since they typically constitute the bulk of the out-of-vocabulary tokens. The problem is exacerbated when the name is foreign. In this paper we address the problem of generating valid orthographic variants for proper names, namely transliterating proper names in different scripts. We attempt to solve the problem for three different language pairs: English! Hindi, English! Persian, and Arabic! English. We adopt a unified approach to the problem. We frame the problem from a statistical Machine Translation perspective. We further post edit the output applying linguistically informed rules particular to the language pair and re-rank the output using machine learning methods.
Big and Tall: Large Margin Learning with High Order Losses

Graphical models are ubiquitous in computer vision, where they are typically used to represent an energy function that factorizes according to the graphical model structure. An exciting and active direction of research is to look for richer types of interaction, where energy functions can be made more realistic, but where inference can still be made to remain tractable. In this work, we take the insights that are usually applied to modeling and inference, and we apply them to loss functions and learning. Current standard approaches to learning in structured output models directly incorporate the loss function in the learning. Ideally this loss function is tailored to the task and accurately represents the aims for the model's output. Yet learning in these models typically does not optimize performance on the true task loss, due to computational complexity, instead resorting to surrogate simple decomposable loss functions. Here, we explicate a large class of non-decomposable (high order) loss functions and show that they can be readily and efficiently incorporated in a large-margin learning formulation. We demonstrate these loss functions in several settings. First, we train an image labeling model to optimize an evaluation metric of interest—the intersection-over-union score used to evaluate PASCAL VOC Challenge entries. Second, we propose two loss functions that are appropriate to use when only weak label information is available at training time, but when the model is evaluated based on full label information at test time. Experimental results show the high order loss functions to improve performance over baselines in all of these settings.
Multiple Sulfur Isotope Applications in Diagenetic Models and Geochemical Proxy Records

Many of the long-term geochemical fluxes influencing the surface sulfur cycle are microbially catalyzed and a substantial portion of active S cycling occurs in organic-rich continental margin sediments. Stable S isotopes historically provide the most powerful analytical tool for understanding these small and large scale fluxes and for relating them back to laboratory characterizations of microbial metabolisms—particularly that of dissimilatory sulfate reduction. A more recent expansion of stable S isotope geochemistry to include the minor isotopes (33S and 36S) has demonstrated the capacity to diagnose the presence of additional S metabolic processes and to further characterize the response of microbial sulfate reduction to environmental forcing. In particular, emerging work suggests that multiple S isotope signatures in laboratory experiments are dictated by the physiological rate of a metabolic process. This is especially true for sulfate reduction. In this thesis we expand the scope of minor S isotope geochemistry to include early diagenetic processes, exploring the fidelity of laboratory calibrations and how they translate both to the modern marine sediments as well as an S isotope proxy records of seawater sulfate through the Cretaceous and Cenozoic. Early diagenesis of organic carbon in marine sediments via sulfate reduction is a dominant microbial process, and leaves a characteristic isotopic imprint in pore water and solid phase S-bearing species. To place those S isotope signatures into a physical context, we construct reactive transport models that take sulfur, carbon, and in one case, iron cycling into account for two geochemically wellcharacterized sedimentary environments: Alfonso basin and Aarhus bay. Alfonso basin is an anoxicsilled marginal basin in the Gulf of California and Aarhus bay is a well-oxygenated, shallow coastal system. We demonstrate in both cases that large S isotope fractionations during microbial sulfate reduction (εSR = 70‰) are required to explain the pore water isotope signatures, and there is no need
Maintaining anonymity using -privacy

Abstract In this paper, we study potential inference attacks targeting location-based service (LBS) users. In particular, we introduce a new model for privacy protection, provides heuristic defence techniques to protect users’ privacy from such attacks, and present the results of experiments performed to evaluate the heuristics. Potential attackers who gain access to supplemental information may infer sensitive information such as location, identity or lifestyle about a user querying an LBS. Supplemental information used includes the times when queries are submitted, speed limits, and travel times for the underlying road network, or residential/commercial address directories. Our objective here is to prevent attackers from connecting external information to user queries. To address this objective, we introduce the notion of (i, j)-privacy. The novel (i, j)-privacy model generalises previous privacy models and allows users to customise their own privacy levels. To implement (i, j)-privacy, we have designed several heuristics. Although these are heuristic approaches, they do provide exact responses for user queries. We evaluate these heuristics experimentally on different road networks. We study the impact of a number of input parameters (mainly geometric) and present the results here. Our experiments demonstrate that, for realistic user settings, our algorithms provide results rapidly and of high quality.
Proteinase-Activated Receptor 2-Mediated Potentiation of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Subfamily 1 Activity Reveals a Mechanism for Proteinase-Induced Inflammatory Pain

Proteinase-activated receptor (PAR) 2 is expressed on a subset of primary afferent neurons and involved in inflammatory nociception. Transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 1 (TRPV1) is a sensory neuron-specific cation channel that responds to capsaicin, protons, or heat stimulus. Here, we show that TRPV1 is coexpressed with PAR2 but not with PAR1 or PAR3, and that TRPV1 can functionally interact with PAR2. In human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing TRPV1 and PAR2, PAR2 agonists increased capsaicin- or proton-evoked TRPV1 currents through a PKC-dependent pathway. After application of PAR2 agonists, temperature threshold for TRPV1 activation was reduced from 42°C to well below the body temperature. PAR2-mediated Fos expression in spinal cord was decreased in TRPV1-deficient mice. The functional interaction was also observed in mouse DRG neurons and proved at a behavioral level. These represent a novel mechanism through which trypsin or tryptase released in response to tissue inflammation might trigger the sensation of pain by PAR2 activation.
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning in Grasslands

Biodiversity is a measure of variety of life forms, and can be assessed at the genetic, species, and landscape levels. Species diversity can be partitioned into its basic components of richness (number of species) and evenness, and into spatial components (alpha, beta, gamma). Local extinction rates are often higher in situations where evenness is low due to low abundances in rare species. Many experimental and observational studies have been done on how ecosystem process rates will be impacted by reductions in biodiversity. The mechanism behind observed positive relationships between diversity and ecosystem process rates can be due to at least four processes: 1) the species sampling effect, 2) the selection effect, 3) complementary resource use, or 4) pest outbreaks in low-diversity plots. Biodiversity is sometimes positively related to biomass stability and resistance to extreme events. The stability of dominant species can also be important in grasslands.
Selection of normal spermatozoa with a vacuole‐free head (x6300) improves selection of spermatozoa with intact DNA in patients with high sperm DNA fragmentation rates

Intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI, 6300× magnification with Nomarski contrast) of a normal spermatozoon with a vacuole‐free head could improve the embryo's ability to grow to the blastocyst stage and then implant. However, the most relevant indications for IMSI remain to be determined. To evaluate the potential value of IMSI for patients with a high degree of sperm DNA fragmentation (n = 8), different types of spermatozoa were analysed in terms of DNA fragmentation. Motile normal spermatozoa with a vacuole‐free head selected at 6300× magnification had a significantly lower mean DNA fragmentation rate (4.1 ± 1.1%, n = 191) than all other types of spermatozoa: non‐selected spermatozoa (n = 8000; 26.1 ± 1.5% versus 4.1 ± 1.1%; P < 0.005), motile spermatozoa (n = 444; 20.8 ± 2.7% versus 4.1 ± 1.1%; P < 0.001) and motile, normal spermatozoa selected at 200× magnification (n = 370; 18.7 ± 2.7% versus 4.1 ± 1.1%; P < 0.001) and then motile, morphometrically normal spermatozoa with anterior vacuoles (n = 368; 15.9 ± 2.9% versus 4.1 ± 1.1%; P < 0.05) or posterior vacuoles (n = 402; 22.5 ± 3.6% versus 4.1 ± 1.1%; P < 0.001) selected at 6300× magnification. For patients with high sperm DNA fragmentation rates, selection of normal spermatozoa with a vacuole‐free head (6300×) yields the greatest likelihood of obtaining spermatozoa with non‐fragmented DNA.
Shrub-induced snowpack variability alters wintertime soil respiration across a simulated tundra landscape

ABSTRACT Across the arctic tundra, the expansion of tall shrubs is expected to alter soil microbial activity in winter through shrub effects on snow redistribution. Tall shrubs act as a windbreak, trapping deep snowdrifts that insulate the ground from extreme cold and elevate soil respiration within shrub patches. However, this windbreak effect may reduce both snow cover and soil respiration in open tundra areas outside shrub patches. The net impact of increasing shrub cover on soil respiration across landscapes with heterogeneous vegetation cover and snow depths remains unknown. Here, I use a set of tundra landscape simulations to address this knowledge gap. The simulations vary shrub cover, mean snow depth and the strength of shrub windbreak effect. I show that for mean snowfall depths 40 cm or greater, increasing shrub cover usually reduced landscape-level soil respiration due to greater heterogeneity in snow depth. These simulations suggest that there is no overarching positive relationship between shrub density and wintertime soil respiration on a landscape scale. Hypotheses generated from these simulations may be tested empirically to improve the representation of tundra vegetation and snow dynamics in Earth System Models.
The Effect of Total Mixture Concentrate Based on Tofu Waste Silage as Feed on Performance of Lambs

This study to identify the benefits of total mixture concentrate based on tofu waste silage (TMC-TWS) as ratio containing lactic acid bacteria on the performance. Fifteen weaning lambs (2-3 months old) randomly divided into two treatment groups, treatment group I (TI) fed with TMC-TWS as ration and treatment group II (TII) fed with TMC-TWS fresh (without silage fermentation). The performance evaluated on days 0, 15, and 30 body weight. Meanwhile, blood sampling and feces were made on the 30 day to get an analysis on the blood profile (erythrocytes (mill/ml), hemoglobin (g/dL), packed cell volume (%), and leukocytes (mill/ml)) and the number of worm eggs in feces. The results of this study shownosignificant difference between the effect of different feed on the blood profile (erythrocytes (mill/ml), hemoglobin (g/dL), packed cell volume (%), as well as the number of worm eggs in the feces. The data were analyzed using a factorial completely randomized design. However, the results show significant difference (P<0.05) treatment group based on sex on gain, feed conversion rate and the number of erythrocytes.