Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A capacity approach to syntactic comprehension disorders: making normal adults perform like aphasic patients

Abstract This paper presents a theory of syntactic comprehension disorders in aphasic patients. In line with some recent proposals, the current theory assumes that aphasic patients still possess the structural (syntactic) and procedural knowledge necessary to perform syntactic analysis. This paper, however, postulates that patients' comprehension deficits originate, at least in part, from reductions in working memory capacity for language. Based on a recently developed theory of capacity constraints in normal language comprehension (Just&Carpenter, 1992), the theory explains how reductions in working memory capacity can lead to the pattern of comprehension breakdown in aphasics, which can be characterised as a conjoint function of the patient's severity level and the structural complexity of the sentence. As supporting evidence for the theory, we report two “simulation” experiments in which we increased the computational demands on normal adults of varying working memory capacities and thereby induced in .
Models for predicting type 1 diabetes in siblings of affected children.

OBJECTIVE To generate predictive models for the assessment of risk of type 1 diabetes and age at diagnosis in siblings of children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Cox regression analysis was used to assess the risk of progression to type 1 diabetes, and multiple regression analysis was used to estimate the age at disease presentation in 701 siblings of affected children. Sociodemographic, genetic, and immunological variables were included in the analyses. Subanalyses were performed in a group of 77 autoantibody-positive siblings with additional metabolic data. RESULTS A total of 47 siblings (6.7%) presented with type 1 diabetes during the 15-year observation period. Young age, an increasing number of detectable diabetes-associated autoantibodies at initial sampling and of affected first-degree relatives, and HLA DR-conferred disease susceptibility predicted progression to type 1 diabetes. In the subgroup of 77 autoantibody-positive siblings, young age, HLA DR-conferred susceptibility, an increasing number of autoantibodies, a reduced first-phase insulin response, and decreased insulin sensitivity in relation to first-phase insulin response were associated with increased risk of progression to type 1 diabetes. Age at diagnosis was predicted by age, insulinoma-associated protein 2 antibody levels, and number of autoantibodies at initial sampling (R(2) = 0.76; P < 0.001). In the smaller cohort of autoantibody-positive subjects, first-phase insulin response and HLA DR-conferred susceptibility were additional predictors of age at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Information on autoantibody status and levels, HLA-conferred disease susceptibility, and insulin secretion and sensitivity seems to be useful in addition to age and family history of type 1 diabetes when assessing risk of progression to type 1 diabetes and time to diagnosis in siblings of children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.
Longitudinal volumetric computed tomographic analysis of regional brain changes in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease.

OBJECTIVE This study used a semiautomated image analysis technique to quantify the rate and regional pattern of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume changes in the computed tomographic brain examinations of healthy adults and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). DESIGN Longitudinal, within-subject design, with statistical correction for longitudinal method error (eg, head repositioning effects). SETTING Palo Alto (Calif) Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center. PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS The 41 patients with AD were recruited from the Geriatric Psychiatry Research Unit and the National Institute of Mental Health Clinical Research Center of the Palo Alto Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center. The 35 healthy control subjects were recruited from the local community. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cerebrospinal fluid volumes estimated from computed tomographic scans. RESULTS Even after accounting for an estimate of method error (eg, head positioning effects) across computed tomographic examinations, the patients with AD showed greater annual CSF volume increases than did the control group. This CSF volume enlargement was not uniform across brain regions of interest; rather, the patients with AD showed disproportionate volume increases in the ventricular system and the sylvian fissures. Greater CSF volume changes in the patients with AD were significantly associated with greater cognitive decline on the Mini-Mental State Examination. Furthermore, younger patients with AD showed more rapid progression on computed tomographic scans than did older patients. CONCLUSIONS The rate of CSF volume enlargement is region specific, with the most marked annual rate of change occurring in the ventricular system and the sylvian fissures. In addition, younger patients show more rapid progression in the ventricular and frontal sulcal brain regions of interest than do older patients.
Software Project Managers under the Team Software Process: A Study of Competences

Despite the clear relevance of the Information and Communications Technologies ICT market in world economics and the evident lack of success of software projects, organizations devote little effort to the development and maturity of the software project manager profession. This work analyzes the figure of project manager from the perspective of the Team Software Process TSP, and it considers the required skills, attitudes and knowledge for a software development project. The basis for the study is the analysis of relevant references from the literature for their subsequent categorization into different competency concepts. The results of the analysis are compared with the contributions which the Guide to the SWEBOK® and the PMBOK® Guide models provide of the profiles of the project manager. The results indicate that the literature relating to the Team Software Process is focused on the definitions of skills and attitudes, and to a lesser extent on knowledge components. The lack of the definition of the components which comprise competency constitutes a challenge for software development organizations that use TSP, whose project managers should confront the task with full capacities, and without the help of established and recognized competencies. The current work attempts to establish the competencies for project managers identified in the literature, in the environment of the use of TSP for software development, using a study based on content analysis.
Digital Timing Control in SRAMs for Yield Enhancement and Graceful Aging Degradation

Embedded SRAMs can occupy the majority of the chip area in SOCs. The increase in process variation and aging degradation due to technology scaling can severely compromise the integrity of SRAM memory cells, hence resulting in cell failures. Enough cell failures in a memory can lead to it being rejected during initial testing, and hence decrease the manufacturing yield. Or, as a result of long-term applied stress, lead to in-field system failures. Certain types of cell failures can be mitigated through improved timing control. Post-fabrication programmable timing can allow for after-the-fact calibration of timing signals on a per die basis. This allows for a SRAM’s timing signals to be generated based on the characteristics specific to the individual chip, thus allowing for an increase in yield and reduction in in-field system failures. In this thesis, a delay line based SRAM timing block with digitally programmable timing signals has been implemented in a 180 nm CMOS technology. Various timing-related cell failure mechanisms including: 1). Operational Read Failures, 2). Cell Stability Failures, and 3). Power Envelope Failures are investigated. Additionally, the major contributing factors for process variation and device aging degradation are discussed in the context of SRAMs. Simulations show that programmable timing can be used to reduce cell failure rates by over 50%.
100-MHz GaN-HEMT Class-G Supply Modulator for High-Power Envelope-Tracking Applications

In this paper, a highly efficient class-G supply modulator targeting high-power wideband envelope tracking applications is presented. The maximum output power using a 50% duty cycle at 100-MHz switching frequency is 62 W for a switching between 30 and 50 V delivered in a 25-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> load. The modulator including its driver circuit reaches an overall efficiency in the range of 97%–88% for switching frequencies from dc to 100 MHz for passive loads in a wide range. The modulator is designed to operate at various supply voltage levels and is evaluated within the range from 20 to 50 V while powering loads from 25 to 100 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The modulator is characterized in terms of efficiency, switching frequency, and nonlinearities.
Simulation of Platelet, Thrombus and Erythrocyte Hydrodynamic Interactions in a 3D Arteriole with In Vivo Comparison

Cylindrical blood vessels, ellipsoid platelets and biconcave-shaped deformable erythrocytes (RBCs) are important participants in hemostasis and thrombosis. However, due to the challenge of combining these components in simulation tools, few simulation studies have included all of them in realistic three-dimensional models. In the present study, we apply a recently developed simulation model to incorporate these components and analyze the flow in a thrombotic tubular arteriole, particularly the detailed hydrodynamic interactions between the thrombus shape, RBCs and platelets. It was found that at certain azimuth positions, the velocity drops in the proximity of both the upstream and downstream edge of the thrombus, which is accompanied by a rapid velocity increase in the narrowed region. The RBCs alter the flow profiles significantly from the typical low Reynolds (Re) number flow, and also enhance the deposition of free flowing platelets onto the thrombus. By evaluating the platelet-thrombus interaction and platelet-RBC interaction together, several mechanisms of platelet deposition augmentation are identified. With in vivo data comparison, our model illustrates the potential of future thrombosis studies that incorporate detailed receptor-ligand adhesion modules.
Value‐focused assessment of information system security in organizations

Abstract. Information system (IS) security continues to present a challenge for executives and professionals. A large part of IS security research is technical in nature with limited consideration of people and organizational issues. The study presented in this paper adopts a broader perspective and presents an understanding of IS security in terms of the values of people from an organizational perspective. It uses the value‐focused thinking approach to identify ‘fundamental’ objectives for IS security and ‘means’ of achieving them in an organization. Data for the study were collected through in‐depth interviews with 103 managers about their values in managing IS security. Interview results suggest 86 objectives that are essential in managing IS security. The 86 objectives are organized into 25 clusters of nine fundamental and 16 means categories. These results are validated by a panel of seven IS security experts. The findings suggest that for maintaining IS security in organizations, it is necessary to go beyond technical considerations and adopt organizationally grounded principles and values.
A Robot Planning Structure Using Production Rules

Robot plan generation is a field which engendered the development of AI languages and rule-based expert systems. Utilization of these latter concepts permits a flexible formalism for robot planning research. We present a robot plan-generation architecture and its application to a real-world mobile robot system. The system undergoes tests through its utilization in the IIILARE robot project (Ciralt, et al., 1984). Though the article concentrates on planning, execution monitoring and error recovery are discussed. The system includes models of its synergistic environment as well SR of its sensors and effectors (i.e. operators). Its rules embody both planning specific and domair specific knowledge. The system gains generality and adaptiveness through the use of planning variables which provide constraints to the plan generation system. It is implemented in an efficient compiled Production System language (PSL).
Optical measurements of activity-dependent membrane recycling in motor nerve terminals of mammalian skeletal muscle

Motor nerve terminals in a variety of rat and mouse skeletal muscles were stained in an activity-dependent fashion using the styryl dyes FM1-43 or FM2-10. Low-light video microscopy and digital image processing techniques were used to evaluate destaining of the preparations during application of depolarizing stimuli. Best results were obtained with the mouse triangularis sterni muscle. Quantitative analysis of the destaining of dye-loaded terminals supports the suggestion that FM1-43 stains a recycling membrane compartment, most probably synaptic vesicles. However, the pattern of staining and destaining were not the same as those reported previously for frog neuromuscular junctions. The pattern of nerve terminal staining was less punctate and the rate and amount of activity-dependent destaining were less than in frog muscle. Part of the explanation may be a more acute susceptibility of mammalian terminals to phototoxicity.
Bidirectional Crosstalk and Back-Reflection Free WDM Active Optical Interconnects

In this letter, we present an integrated solution for bidirectional WDM optical interconnection based on semiconductor optical amplifiers and nonreciprocal micro-ring resonators in Si3N4/Ce:YIG. The circuit performance has been numerically evaluated, demonstrating a reduction of crosstalk and back-reflection of for a 10-channel 100-GHz-spaced WDM bidirectional active optical interconnect. Although a silicon-nitride platform has been considered, the proposed solution can be effective also on a silicon platform, where back-scattering induced by the waveguide roughness is much stronger.
EFFECTS OF VARIABLE FIRE SEVERITY ON FORAGE PRODUCTION AND FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF MOOSE IN WINTER

The increasing frequency and extent of wildfires in Alaska over the last half century has spurred increased interest in understanding the role of post-fire succession on vegetation establishment. Our primary goal was to examine how wildfire affects production and distribution of winter forage for moose ( Alces alces ) i n interior Alaska, and how these changes in forage availability control forage offtake. Fire severity classification was based on post-fire depth of residual soil organic matter. We used a browse survey protocol to estimate the biomass of current year production (kg/ha) and overwinter offtake (kg/ha) by moose. Under the assumption of homogenous effects of fire severity on regeneration, we estimated that moose consumed 36% of all forage (current annual growth) across the study area. However, we found that moose exhibited significantly higher browse consumption relative to browse production in high fire severity sites than in low severity sites ( P < 0.05). When we adjusted our estimates of forage production and consumption by accounting for the significant differences in browse consumption between severity classes and their distribution across the burn, moose consumed approximately 49% of available forage. Assessments of fire severity and its spatial distribution through remote sensing techniques and on-the-ground sampling provides improved projections of vegetation regeneration pathways following wildfires, and thus refined estimates of future browse production and habitat quality for moose.
Yours, Mine, and Ours

In this article, we argue that nonverbal cues act much like other behaviors in triggering attribution making in couples' interactions. In a test of this contention with 60 couples, we found that negative behaviors were more likely than positive nonverbal cues to be noticed, satisfaction was related to attributions for positive behaviors, mutual attributions for the same behaviors differed significantly, and self-other attributional differences were enhanced by relational satisfaction. These results extend previous applications of attribution theory by providing some validation for the use of attribution theories with nonverbal behaviors and by showing that attribution making occurs in a way that reflects the mutually occurring, dyadic level of interpersonal communication.
Costs and payoffs in perceptual research.

Abstract : A persistent problem in psychological research that reaches conclusions about inaccessible processes or experiences inside a subject's head is to validate those conclusions--that is, to exhibit persuasive reasons to believe that emitted behavior in some sense faithfully reports inaccessible processes. In the mid-1950s, perceptual researchers widely adopted an approach that might be called validation by cupidity. If the experimenter is willing to define a correct response, he can reward the subject for correct responses and not for wrong ones; however, costs and payoffs are rather feeble means of instructing a subject what to do, or of ensuring that he does it.
Near linear-work parallel SDD solvers, low-diameter decomposition, and low-stretch subgraphs

This paper presents the design and analysis of a near linear-work parallel algorithm for solving symmetric diagonally dominant (SDD) linear systems. On input an SDD <i>n</i>-by-<i>n</i> matrix <i>A</i> with <i>m</i> non-zero entries and a vector <i>b</i>, our algorithm computes a vector <i>x</i> such that <i>A</i><i>x</i> - <i>A</i><sup>+<i>b</i></sup> ≤ ε • <i>A</i><sup>+<i>b</i></sup> in <i>O</i>(<i>m</i> log<sup><i>O</i>(1)</sup> <i>n</i> log 1/ε) work and <i>O</i>(<i>m</i><sup>1/3+θ</sup> log 1/ε) depth for any fixed θ > 0. The algorithm relies on a parallel algorithm for generating low-stretch spanning trees or spanning subgraphs. To this end, we first develop a parallel decomposition algorithm that in polylogarithmic depth and <i>O</i>(|<i>E</i>|) work, partitions a graph into components with polylogarithmic diameter such that only a small fraction of the original edges are between the components. This can be used to generate low-stretch spanning trees with average stretch <i>O</i>(<i>n</i><sup>α</sup>) in <i>O</i>(<i>n</i><sup>1+α</sup>) work and <i>O</i>(<i>n</i><sup>α</sup>) depth. Alternatively, it can be used to generate spanning subgraphs with polylogarithmic average stretch in <i>O</i>(|<i>E</i>|) work and polylogarithmic depth. We apply this subgraph construction to derive our solver. By using the linear system solver in known applications, our results imply improved parallel randomized algorithms for several problems, including single-source shortest paths, maximum flow, min-cost flow, and approximate max-flow.
Partial Response Signaling: A Powerful Tool for Spectral Shaping in Cognitive Radio Systems

The demand for wireless services has increased rapidly in the past years and this trend is expected to continue faster in the future. So far most of the available spectrum resources have already been licensed and there is not much bandwidth left to set up new services [Farhang-Boroujeni et al. 2008]. On the other hand, studies reveal that a large percent of licensed spectra is rarely used. The basic idea of Cognitive Radio (CR) is to allow unlicensed users to use the licensed bandwidth under certain conditions [Weiss & Jondral, 2004; Mitola & Maguire, 1999]. In other words, CR is a new method to satisfy ubiquitous demand for wireless services while there is not enough unlicensed spectrum for use in the developing systems.
Desistance and Development: The Psychosocial Process of Going Straight

[[[]]] That most young offenders eventually 'mature' out of deviant behaviour is one of the most well-known findings in criminology. What is less well known is what this change process involves. It is argued that this lack of understanding stems from the shortcomings of the traditional criminological framework for examining desistance and other phenomena. Narrative studies is suggested as an alternative framework for investigating the human change process, and an example is provided of a research project in Liverpool that is employing these methods. The good news is that most juvenile delinquents are leading quite successful lives by the age of 32. (Farrington, 1995). Few phenomena in criminology are as widely acknowledged and as poorly understood as desistance from crime. For most individuals, participation in 'street crimes' generally begins in the early teenage years, peaks in late adolescence or young adulthood, and ends before the person reaches 30 or 40 years of age. This pattern emerges in studies using diverse methodology (Farrington, 1986; Hindelang, 1981; Rowe and Tittle, 1977; Sullivan, 1989) and some argue that it has remained virtually unchanged for about 150 years (Gottfredson and Hirschi, 1990). At least as far back as 1915, Goring called this age-crime relationship a 'law of nature'. Criminal behaviour seems to be largely a young person's activity. At some point in their life course, usually between 18 and 35 years of age, even serious offenders tend to undergo what Wolfgang et al. (1972) describe as 'spontaneous remission', where criminal behaviour seems to cease. Yet, traditional criminological theories have no easy explanation for the process of desistance from crime, and in fact tend to imply that a person's criminal behaviour should increase over time (Gove, 1985; Moffitt, 1993). Hirschi and Gottfredson (1983) argue that the relationship between age and crime 'easily qualifies as the most difficult fact in the field. ' Moffitt (1993) concurs, calling the 'mysterious' age-crime relationship "at once the most robust and least understood empirical observation in the field of criminology" (p. 675). This paper is intended to address the 'social and cognitive processes' (Graham and Bowling, 1995) and the 'complex interplay between objective and subjective contingencies' (Gartner and Piliavin, 1988) involved in 'going straight' or desistance from crime. Previous research (e.g. Graham and Bowling, 1995) has addressed the question of who is most likely to desist (whites/non-whites; males/females) and when this change is likely to occur in the life course. Much less is known about how and why desistance is possible for those individuals who do eventually desist, and how social scientists can conceptualise this process.