Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-gene GP and GA-FIS Models to Deal with Scaling Problem in the ANFIS model for Estimating Roughness Coefficient in Erodible Channels

Estimation of the roughness coefficient is important for reliable hydraulic design in erodible channels. In this paper, the capability of multi-gene Genetic Programming (GP), a combined Genetic Algorithm and Fuzzy Inference System (GA-FIS) model, and Multi Regression (MR) methods are employed to estimate the roughness coefficient. These methods try to extract either an explicit or an implicit relationship between the roughness coefficient and input variables. In addition, traditional GP, widely used by researchers, and conventional empirical formulas are implemented to evaluate the models. Results show that the employed methods are more accurate than empirical methods. In addition, the effects of some other parameters, such as nondimensional water depth and shear Reynolds number, are highlighted over the roughness coefficient while previously ignored in the empirical methods. Also, findings prove that the GA is a helpful tool to optimize a FIS compared with gradient-based models like ANFIS, while the scale of input variables is not in the same order. The R 2 for multi-gene GP and GA-FIS are 0.8504 and 0.8842, respectively, while this value for the most accurate empirical method is
REDUCING PEAK-TO-AVERAGE RATIOS USING OFDM NECKLACES

In communications systems using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), theFourier transform of the data sequence is transmitted which leads to highpeak-to-ave ragepower ratios creating implementational difficulties. In this paper we introduce and examine an efficient enumerative coding method specifically designed to constrain the peak output value of OFDM signaling.
FDTD calculation of radiation patterns, impedance, and gain for a monopole antenna on a conducting box

The ability of the finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) method to calculate radiation patterns, input impedance, and gain for a monopole antenna on a conducting box is demonstrated. Results are given for the bare box and with the box coated with a dielectric layer. Radiation patterns are compared with measurements and with the method of moments for the bare box. Radiation patterns for the dielectric-covered box and all impedance and gain results are compared with measurements only. Good agreement is obtained in all cases. The FDTD approach includes a dielectric covering quite easily, while this would be quite difficult for a method of moments approach. The FDTD method requires similar computer time as the method of moments for a single-frequency result, but produces wide-bandwidth impedance and gain results with much less computer time. >
Coprime array-adaptive beamforming based on low-tubal-rank tensor decomposition

The coprime array (CPA) has attracted extensive attention in the ﬁeld of adaptive beamforming (ABF) because of its large array aperture and high degree of freedom. To make full use of this characteristic, several algorithms based on hole ﬁlling have been proposed to improve the performance of ABF. However, these algorithms have disadvantages in computation and noise robustness, which are diﬃcult to adapt to complex and changeable environments. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a CPA-ABF algorithm based on low-tubal-rank tensor decomposition. First, the multi-sampling virtual signal matrix of the CPA is rearranged into a tensor form, and the missing cross-correlation information is completed using its low tubal rank. Then, signal parameters are extracted from the completed tensor data and matched with the target a priori. Finally, the ABF weight vector is obtained. The algorithm uses ADMM and Tucker decomposition to improve the eﬃciency of tensor completion and decomposition. The designed target matching scheme also eﬀectively controls the algorithm error. The simulation results show the advantages of the algorithm in performance and computational complexities compared with existing methods, especially in the case of low signal-to-noise ratios and a small number of samples.
Coherent states for general potentials. II. Confining one-dimensional examples

We apply our minimum-uncertainty coherent-states formalism, which is physically motivated by the classical motion, to two confining one-dimensional systems: the harmonic oscillator with centripetal barrier and the symmetric Poeschl-Teller potentials. The minimum-uncertainty coherent states are discussed in great detail, and the connections to annihilation-operator coherent states and displacement-operator coherent states are given. The first system discussed provides an excellent bridge between the harmonic oscillator and more general potentials because, even though it is a nonharmonic potential, its energy eigenvalues are equally spaced. Thus, its coherent states have many, but not all, of the properties of the harmonic-oscillator coherent states.
Amplitude-preserved multiple suppression

Water-bottom and pegleg multiples can contaminate primary reflections and distort AVO amplitude information. We develop an inversion method for suppressing multiple reflections while simultaneously preserving amplitudes along primary reflections. An iterative time-domain conjugate gradient scheme is used to find a velocity scan which “fits” its associated CMP gather to within a few percent misfit energy, when a hyperbolic forward modeling operator is applied to that inverted velocity scan. This ensures that most amplitude and AVO information is preserved in the transform pair. A primary velocity trend is then automatically picked in the scan by a Monte Carlo method, and a mask is designed on this basis to isolate multiple energy in velocity space. An estimate of the multiple reflection energy is generated by forward modeling the masked velocity scan. An amplitude-preserved multiple-suppressed CMP gather is then obtained by subtracting the estimated multiples from the input CMP gather. Current test results with the Mobil AVO dataset are very encouraging.
Multi‐zone fusion crust formation and classification of the 2004 Auckland meteorite (L6, S5, and W0)

On June 12, 2004, a meteorite passed through Earth's atmosphere and landed under the television in the living room of a house in Auckland, New Zealand. Textural characteristics, the chemistry of olivine (Fa23–24) and orthopyroxene (Fs20.7), and the bulk rock triple oxygen isotopes (δ17O + 3.1; δ18O + 4.2‰) from the interior of the completely unweathered (W0) 1.3 kg meteorite, hereafter referred to as Auckland, suggest it to be a strongly metamorphosed fragment from the interior of a low iron ordinary chondrite (L6) parent asteroid. The occurrence of maskelynite but shock fracturing of olivine and pyroxene indicates Auckland experienced extreme shock metamorphism (S5), likely during Ordovician fragmentation of the asteroid parent. The fusion crust consists of three zones: (1) an innermost zone containing narrow Fe‐Ni‐S‐bearing veins that migrated along pre‐existing shock fractures in olivine and pyroxene; (2) a middle zone in which the meteorite partially melted to form a silicate glass and immiscible blebs of metal and troilite, and is accompanied by unmelted silicate minerals; and (3) an approximately 0.1 mm wide vesicular‐rich outermost layer that largely melted, volatilizing sulfides, before quenching to form glass and olivine. Oxygen isotope values of the bulk rock and/or maskelynite of melted rim and modified substrate are 2–3‰ greater than the meteorite interior and indicate that up to 19% of terrestrial atmospheric O2 was incorporated into the fusion crust during the formation. The fusion crust migrated inwards as ablation occurred, enabling melting, migration, and re‐precipitation ± loss of sulfide and metal components, with the prominent glassy rim therefore forming from an already chemically modified zone.
A generalized multiple dependent state sampling chart based on ridge penalized likelihood ratio for high-dimensional covariance matrix monitoring

Online monitoring of high-dimensional processes variability in which the number of variables is larger than the sample size is a challenging issue for quality practitioners because the sample covariance matrix is not invariable. To deal with this challenge, a generalized multiple dependent state sampling ( GMDS ) chart based on ridge penalized likelihood ratio ( RPLR ) statistic is developed for Phase II monitoring of multivariate process variability under high-dimensional setting. The developed control chart benefits from three advantages: (1) departing from the conventional covariance matrix charts, it can be efficiently employed for both spars and non-spars covariance matrices; (2) it is able to detect spars shift patterns in which only a few covariance matrix elements are deviated from their nominal values; and (3) it outperforms the detectability of the RPLR chart in terms of average run length ( ARL ) and standard deviation of run length ( SDRL ). The performance of RPLR , MDS - RPLR , and GMDS - RPLR charts are compared using extensive simulation studies by considering different diagonal and/or off-diagonal covariance matrix disturbances. Moreover, sensitivity analysis are provided to analyze how the number of process variables and GMDS parameter affect the run length properties of the developed chart.
Groundwater Contribution to Surface Water Contamination in a North German Low Land Catchment with Intensive Agricultural Land Use

The contribution of groundwater (GW) to the nitrate loads in surface waters (SW) was exemplarily studied for the river Augraben with a catchment area of 89.9 km2, located in north eastern Germany. The study uses available GW and SW quality data in order to develop a relationship between SW and GW in the Augraben catchment. The calculated ratio of base flow varies from 40% to 80% using various filtering methods of hydrograph separation methods (without taking into account the drainage) in comparison to a calculated GW infiltration of 5% - 7% applying Darcy’s law (upper unconfined aquifer). Drainage was estimated as the difference in base flow obtained through filtering methods of hydrograph separation and the Darcy’s law. Results on the basis of monitoring data and hydrograph separation in quick flow and base flow showed that during winter periods, high concentration in SW has been found parallel to periods of higher GW flow with a strong correlation between SW and GW concentrations. These findings also coincided with the non-vegetation period, i.e. low nitrogen uptake by plants. Overall, nitrate-nitrogen loads at the SW monitoring point (Bei Lindenberg represents the 85% area of the catchment) were 193.5, 97.72, and 122 tons for the year 2010, 2011 and 2012 respectively. Measured GW concentrations in the catchment differ strongly, depending on land use, with elevated concentrations in agricultural areas compared to monitoring points in grass land and in forest areas. In one GW monitoring station, NO3 concentrations exceed the maximum permissible limits (MPL) according to EU water quality standards (MPL = 50 mg/l NO3), up to factor two. High ammonia concentrations at another station may be due to excessive application of manure. The contribution of the different sub-catchments to nitrate load in SW can be ranked in decreasing order in Zone B, D, A and C. Drainage and interflow proved to be a major contributor with 55% - 65% of total load in SW. With the applied method a robust estimation of GW contribution to nitrate loads is feasible using typically available monitoring data of German environmental authorities.
A NOVEL QUAD-BAND (GSM850 TO IEEE 802.11A) PIFA FOR MOBILE HANDSET

In this paper, a novel planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) with slotted ground structure is proposed for multiband mobile communication application. The multimode performance is applied for multiband operation in our design. The proposed antenna has good impedance matching characteristics for GSM850/900, DCS1800/1900, LTE2300/2500, IEEE 802.11a/b. The measured radiation e-ciency of proposed antenna is all higher than 69% in GSM (824{960MHz)/DCS (1710{1880MHz)/PCS (1850{1990MHz)/LTE (2300{2400MHz, 2500{2690MHz)/802.11b (2.4{2.48GHz), and is up to 50% in IEEE 802.11a (5.15{5.825GHz).
Confidence Intervals for Medians and Other Position Measures

Abstract * The method of calculating confidence limits for medians described in this paper has been used in the Bureau of the Census for a number of years, having been used first in the survey of radio listening habits conducted by the Bureau for the Federal Communications Commission in 1945. The author, aided by suggestions from other members of the sampling staff of the Bureau of the Census, has developed the rationale for the method.
Lagrangian Relaxation Algorithms for Hybrid Flow-Shop Scheduling Problems with Energy Saving

This paper considers the characteristics of hybrid flow shop with energy saving. First of all, established the model of hybrid flow shop with energy saving problem. Then Lagrangian relaxation was proposed to solve the energy scheduling problem in hybrid flow shop. Lagrangian relaxation algorithm introduced precedence constraints into the objective function, and the original problem was decomposed into a series of parallel machine sub-problems. A dynamic programming algorithm was then designed to solve these sub-problems. The method of updating of multiples was sub-gradient algorithm. Lastly, a two stage heuristic approach was constructed to convert the infeasible solution into a feasible solution. Testing results demonstrated that the proposed method can generate near optimal schedules in an acceptable computational time.
Transients in oxygen outflow above the polar cap as observed by the Cluster spacecraft

Oxygen ion outflow associated with the cusp and cleft give rise to persistent oxygen ion beams which can be observed over the polar cap. For high altitude spacecraft such as Cluster these beams are often observed for several hours on each occasion. This allows for a study of typical temporal structures on the time scale of minutes. We have used 3 years of data from spring, January to May of years 2001 to 2003, for a study of the oxygen number flux variation in the polar cap ion outflow. The source of these oxygen ion beams is the cusp and cleft, and variations in ionospheric upflow on time scales of around 8 min have been reported from ground based studies using incoherent scatter radar. Such upflows typi- cally do not reach escape velocity, and further energization above the ionosphere is required for outflow to occur. Our study shows that a typical time scale between sudden number flux enhancements observed by Cluster in a geocentric dis- tance range of 5RE to 12RE is 5 to 10 min. A superposed epoch study does not reveal any significant convection ve- locity or temperature changes around the flux enhancement events. Sudden temperature enhancements occur with a typ- ical time interval of about 4 min, A superposed epoch study does not reveal any number flux enhancements associated with the temperature enhancements. The clear modulation of the high altitude number flux in a manner which resem- bles the modulation of the ionospheric upflow indicates that this is the main limiting factor determining the total outflow. The process behind transient upflow events in the ionosphere is therefore important for the total ionospheric outflow. Sub- sequent heating above the ionosphere appears to be common enough in the cusp/cleft region that it does not significantly modulate the oxygen ion number flux.
Chemotherapy-Related Structural Changes in Cancer: Effect of GnRH Antagonist in the Ovarian Follicles

Objectives: The adverse effect of chemotherapy on the proliferation of granulosa cells has been indicated in recent studies. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists exert protective effects on granulosa cells against the side effects of chemotherapy. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of cetrorelix on the proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells following administration of thiotepa in the ovaries of female mice. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 30 adult Balb/c female mice (5-8 weeks old, weighing 24-28 g) were divided into three groups (n=10/ each group) (Control group, T. group, and C. group). T. group received 2.5 mg/kg of thiotepa for four consecutive days. The C. group received cetrorelix (0.25 mg/kg) before and at the same time as thiotepa administration and a week after the end of thiotepa administration. Ovaries were used for quantitative and immunohistochemical studies at the end of the investigation. Results: The mean numbers of follicles such as primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary significantly decreased in the T. group than control group (P=0.02). Cetrorelix treatment exerted a protective effect against thiotepa-induced damage by increasing the mean numbers of follicles in the ovarian cortex (P=0.04). Conclusions: As a GnRH antagonist, cetrorelix can be considered as one of the effective drugs to protect the granulosa cells against chemotherapy-induced damages in cancer disease.
Gallium-droplet behaviors of self-catalyzed GaAs nanowires: A transmission electron microscopy study

When the arsenic (As) precursor was supplied during cool down, the gallium (Ga) droplets on top of GaAs nanowires (NWs) were extinct on the final products. The Ga droplets were conserved, and their behaviors depended on the size of the NWs when the As supply was cut off during the cooling: The contact angles of the droplets on the NWs with diameters larger than 60 nm were fixed to approximately 113°. However, they were decreased and fluctuated on the NWs less than 60 nm in diameter. Finally, the NWs less than 46 nm were free from the Ga droplet.
Effect of methods application of copper nanoparticles in the growth of avocado plants.

The aim of this greenhouse study was to evaluate root irrigation, foliar spray, and stem injection in order to find the best method for the nanofertilization of avocado plants with green synthesized CuNPs. One-year-old avocado plants were supplied four times (every 15 days) with 0.25 and 0.50 mg/ml of CuNPs through the three fertilization methods. Stem growth and new leaf formation were evaluated over time and after 60 days of CuNPs exposure, several plant traits (root growth, fresh and dry biomass, plant water content, cytotoxicity, photosynthetic pigments, and total Cu accumulation in plant tissues) were evaluated for CuNPs improvement. Regarding the control treatment, stem growth and new leaf appearance were increased by 25 % and 85 %, respectively, by the CuNPs supply methods of foliar spray>stem injection>root irrigation, with little significant differences among NPs concentrations. Avocado plants supplied with 0.25 and 0.50 mg/ml CuNPs maintained a hydric balance and cell viability ranged from 91 to 96 % through the three NPs application methods. TEM did not reveal any ultrastructural organelle changes induced by CuNPs in leaf tissues. The concentrations of CuNPs tested were not high enough to exert deleterious effects on the photosynthetic machinery of avocado plants, but photosynthetic efficiency was also found to be improved. The foliar spray method showed improved uptake and translocation of CuNPs, with almost no loss of Cu. In general, the improvement in plant traits indicated that the foliar spray method was the best for nanofertilization of avocado plants with CuNPs.
Indigenous gender and wellness: a scoping review of Canadian research

ABSTRACT This scoping review examined research publications related to health and/or wellness along with gender among Canadian Indigenous populations. The intent was to explore the range of articles on this topic and to identify methods for improving gender-related health and wellness research among Indigenous peoples. Six research databases were searched up to 1 February 2021. The final selection of 155 publications represented empirical research conducted in Canada, included Indigenous populations, investigated health and/or wellness topics and focused on gender. Among the diverse range of health and wellness topics, most publications focused on physical health issues, primarily regarding perinatal care and HIV- and HPV-related issues. Gender diverse people were seldom included in the reviewed publications. Sex and gender were typically used interchangeably. Most authors recommended that Indigenous knowledge and culture be integrated into health programmes and further research. More health research with Indigenous peoples must be conducted in ways that discern sex from gender, uplift the strengths of Indigenous peoples and communities, privilege community perspectives, and attend to gender diversity; using methods that avoid replicating colonialism, promote action, change stories of deficit, and build on what we already know about gender as a critical social determinant of health.
A Partial Robust M-Regression-Based Prediction and Fault Detection Method

Due to its simplicity and easy implementation, partial least squares (PLS) serves as an efficient approach in large-scale industrial process. However, like many data-based methods, PLS is quite sensitive to outliers, which is a common abnormal characteristic of the measured process data that can significantly affect the monitoring performance of PLS. In order to develop a robust prediction and fault detection method, this paper employs the partial robust M-regression (PRM) to deal with the outliers. Moreover, to eliminate the useless variations for prediction, an orthogonal decomposition is performed on the measurable variables space so as to allow the new method to serve as a powerful tool for quality-related prediction and fault detection. The proposed method is finally applied on the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process.
Droughts during the last 2000 years in a tropical sub‐humid environment in central Mexico

High‐quality records of hydroclimate variability in central Mexico during the last 2000 years are necessary to better understand human–environment interactions in Mesoamerica. Of particular interest are the climatic conditions during the Epiclassic period (ad 600–900), as droughts have been associated with a cultural demise occurring around ad 900–1000. We reconstruct the hydroclimate history of the last 2000 years based on a sediment record from a drought‐sensitive lake located near one of the most important Epiclassic city‐states in Mesoamerica. Titanium concentrations, pollen and diatoms give a consistent environmental signal of five droughts occurring at about: (i) ad 50–250, (ii) ad 700–950, (iii) ad 1200–1300, (iv) ad 1450–1550 and (v) ad 1760–1820. Some droughts were associated with cooler climatic conditions, and all of them framed major historical events. Our results show that the great cultural development of the Epiclassic period ( ad 600–900) was framed by a scenario of drought conditions followed by abandonment at ad 900–1000. A brief return to moister conditions is recorded before another drought during the time of the fall of the city‐state of Tula (1200). European contact (1521) and the War of Independence (1810–20) also occurred during times of drought.