Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The right to community?

Displacement is central to the process of gentrification, but the importance of law in both enacting and resisting such displacement is often overlooked. Noting the tensions between existential, embodied meanings of displacement (i.e. being removed from a place called home), and the formal legal definitions of displacement (i.e. the removal of the right to a property), this paper explores how the law is implicated in the struggle for London's remaining council estates, with processes of expropriation providing councils a means of displacing residents from these estates to allow for (private) redevelopment but also an opportunity for residents to assert their ‘right to community’. Here, we focus on the implications of the UK Secretary of State's decision not to overturn the Planning Inspectorate's (2016) recommendation that Southwark Council should not be allowed to compulsory purchase those homes on the Aylesbury Estate which residents had not already vacated via negotiation. This decision was reached on the basis that while tenants would be compensated financially for the loss of property, they would not be adequately compensated for losing their home. This is suggestive of an expanded notion of housing rights that encompasses a right to community—something that raises the possibility of the law actually aligning with the interests of council residents rather than supporting the politics of gentrification.
Luminescent-activated transfected killer cells to monitor leukocyte trafficking during systemic bacterial and fungal infection.

BACKGROUND Activated transfected killer (ATAK) cells are immortal phagocytes transfected with a luminescence reporter that effectively treat lethal infections in neutropenic mice. Their in vivo trafficking, lifespan, and immunogenicity are unknown. METHODS Mice were made neutropenic; infected or not with Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Candida albicans, or Aspergillus fumigatus; and treated intraperitoneally with ATAK cells. Cell trafficking and lifespan were assessed by in vivo imaging and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS In uninfected neutropenic mice, ATAK cells spread from the mesentery into visceral organs on days 1-3. Splenic accumulation of ATAK cells increased at day 1 after infection with S. aureus and A. baumannii, and kidney accumulation increased in mice infected with C. albicans. Lung accumulation was seen at day 3 in mice infected by inhalation with A. fumigatus. By day 8, coincident with increasing anti-ATAK antibodies, luminescence signal was lost and there was no detectable mRNA transcription from ATAK cells. CONCLUSIONS ATAK cells accumulated in target organs with distinct profiles, depending on the microbial etiology of infection. Finally, generation of an anti-ATAK immune response may provide an important safety mechanism that helps clear the cells from the host as the marrow recovers.
Learning for test prioritization: an industrial case study

Modern cloud-software providers, such as Salesforce.com, increasingly adopt large-scale continuous integration environments. In such environments, assuring high developer productivity is strongly dependent on conducting testing efficiently and effectively. Specifically, to shorten feedback cycles, test prioritization is popularly used as an optimization mechanism for ranking tests to run by their likelihood of revealing failures. To apply test prioritization in industrial environments, we present a novel approach (tailored for practical applicability) that integrates multiple existing techniques via a systematic framework of machine learning to rank. Our initial empirical evaluation on a large real-world dataset from Salesforce.com shows that our approach significantly outperforms existing individual techniques.
Engineering a replacement bone tissue with adult adipose-derived stem cells

by Holly E. Weiss The current gold standard for bone repair, autologous bone graft, is inherently costly and destructive to the site from which the tissue is harvested. Moreover, the amount of available donor tissue is limited, so it is not always a viable option. The aim of this work was to investigate tissue engineering as an alternative to autograft-based bone repair through the combination of donor cells and three-dimensional cell carriers. Constructs were designed to stimulate either intramembranous or endochondral bone formation upon implantation in vivo, and subsequent tissue analysis was driven by the desire to improve the understanding of qualities necessary for a successful engineered bone replacement. To evaluate the intramembranous bone forming capacity of human adipose-derived stem cells, novel collagen scaffolds with or without hydroxyapatite reinforcement were loaded with cells and treated with growth or an osteogenic differentiation medium. Upon implantation, the cell-scaffold constructs produced varying amounts of immature bone characterized by highly vascularized osteocalcin and osteopontin-positive matrix and an increase in mineralized tissue
A Hierarchical , Hierarchical Pitman Yor Process Language Model

In this paper we present a novel nonparametric Bayesian approach to domain adaptation for statistical language models. Specifically we describe a model consisting of a hierarchy of hierarchical Pitman-Yor language models (Teh, 2006; Goldwater et al., 2007), show one way to estimate such a model, and explain how inference in such a model can be intepreted as a kind of Bayesian interpolation between language models. We provide empirical evidence that this approach is sound by demonstrating improved smoothing between disparate corpora.
The meaningful e-marketplace

A meaningful e-marketplace (MEMP) is a common business information space where computer agents can faithfully deliver the true meanings of e-trade with each other on behalf of their human masters. Partial understanding of any received e-trade information is forbidden since it hides unfavorable legal consequences. MEMP is a new concept. This paper discusses it by putting forward a framework, which consists of four important procedures of design, reification, transformation and inference. The important features of MEMP are representation personalization and localization, accurate cross-domain message exchange, true result reasoning, context-based reification, and model-free template design and use. In future, a successful realization of MEMP in design will drastically change our existing e-trade modes, lift the quality of e-business, and lead to a more efficient e-marketplace brought by higher accuracy of meaning understanding, broader scope of business interaction, and richer e-trade functions.
Parity enhanced topology based spot area watermarking method for copyright protection of layered 3D triangular mesh data

Summary A parity enhanced topology based spot area watermarking method is proposed to embed information in objects with layered 3D triangular meshes such as those reconstructed from CT or MRI data. With the integration of parity checking, it improves the robustness against unauthorized alteration of a single bit in every consecutive 8-bits of length. Watermark message is cut into several pieces and each piece of message is embedded at different spots so that if a piece of message is lost in one spot, the same information can be potentially retrieved from other spots by error correct decoding. The method compares height of the vertices of a triangle lying in the same layer. A watermark message is converted into a binary bit sequence, a parity bit is added with every consecutive 8 bits, and then embedded into the model in either way that the first vertex of a triangle in the upper level or in the lower level, that carries information 1 or 0, respectively. For experimental purpose, a watermark message is embedded in a mouse embryo model. It is robust against translation, rotation, arbitrary re-sectioning, local deformation, scaling, and unauthorized alteration of a single bit in every consequent 8-bits length. It is useful for shape sensitive 3D geometric models. It left some artifacts after re-arrangement of local or global numbering. These artifacts have vertices sorted in descending order in terms of degree. These unique features can also be used for 3D data retrieval.
Learning Hierarchically Clustered Shared Plan Abstractions as Problem Solving Knowledge with High Utility for Planning

Complex problem solving can be substantially improved by the reuse of experience from previously solved problems. This requires that case libraries of successful problem solutions are transformed into problem solving knowledge with high utility, i.e. knowledge which causes high savings in search time, high application probability and low matching costs. Planning can be improved by explanation-based learning (EBL) of abstract plans from detailed, successfully solved planning problems. Abstract plans, expressed in well-established terms of the domain, serve as useful problem decompositions which can drastically reduce the planning complexity. Abstractions which are valid for a class of planning cases rather than for a single case, ensure a successful application in a larger spectrum of new situations. The hierarchical organization of the learned shared abstractions causes low matching costs. The presented S-PABS procedure is a combination of EBL and incremental conceptual clustering approaches to automatically construct a hierarchy of shared abstract plans by analyzing concrete planning cases.
On the requirements of high-integrity code generation

Although formal requirements specifications can provide a complete and consistent description of a safety-critical software system, designing and developing production quality code from high-level specifications can be a time-consuming and error-prone process. Automated translation, or code generation, of the specification to production code can alleviate many of the problems associated with design and implementation. However, current approaches have been unsuitable for safety-critical environments because they employ complex and/or ad-hoc methods for translation. In this paper we discuss the issues involved in automatic code generation for high-assurance systems and define a set of requirements that code generators for this domain must satisfy. These requirements cover the formality of the translation, the quality of the code generator, and the properties of the generated code.
Saarland University Spoken Language Systems Group at TAC KBP 2011

In this paper we describe our participation in the Knowledge Base Population (KBP) track at TAC 2011. The architecture of our slot filling system is the same as last year. We mainly focus on developing a new system for the cross-language entity linking task. We compare the performance of monolingual retrieval and cross-lingual retrieval for entity linking. For NIL entity clustering, we group retrieved documents into reference clusters and assign NIL entities to a cluster by calculating the similarity between its document and each cluster.
On the equivalence between the B-Code constructions and perfect one-factorizations

The B-Code is a class of MDS array code with optimal properties for RAID 6. Xu et al. proposed an open problem in 1999: Are the B-Code constructions strongly equivalent to perfect one-factorizations of a graph? In this paper, we show that the constructions of the B-Code of length l are equivalent to perfect one-factorizations of a l-regular graph on l + r vertices, where l is an integer not smaller than 4, and r is equal to 1 for an odd l or 2 for an even l.
Male perpetrators' construction of masculine identity: Attitudes and beliefs on intimate-partner violence

Intimate-partner violence (IPV) severely affects the emotional and physical wellbeing of women who are abused by their partners (Coker et al., 2002). Despite intimate-partner violence being such a serious problem, limited research has been conducted on male perpetrators’ attitudes, beliefs and experiences of intimate-partner violence. The purpose of this study was to examine male perpetrators’ constructions of their masculine identity, and to determine how this influences their attitudes and beliefs on intimate-partner violence. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 men who had been apprehended for a domestic violence-related offence and referred, by the court or the South African Police Service, to Khulisa Social Solutions to attend a diversion programme in Mitchell’s Plain and Gugulethu. Participants were referred to the Khulisa Social Solutions offices in Mitchell’s Plain and Gugulethu. A qualitative research design was used to explore these male perpetrators’ understandings of their masculinity and their views on intimate-partner violence in order to gain more insight into men’s violent behaviour towards their partners. The data was analysed using grounded theory. The results indicate a relationship between intimate-partner violence and various risk factors, such as witnessing violence as a child, substance abuse and peer pressure. The themes that emerged from the data revealed that men who witnessed violence as children were more at risk of committing violent acts later in life. Participants were also more inclined to blame their abuse on their partners’ substance use and considered it their right to reprimand them if they acted ‘out of line’ with their (men’s) expectations. The findings of the study therefore reveal that men’s understanding of their masculine identity can Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Ayn Rand's objectivist ethics as the foundation for business ethics

The purpose of this paper is to present the essence of Ayn Rand's theory of rational egoism and to indicate how it is the only ethical theory that can provide a foundation for ethics in business. Justice, however, cannot be done to the breadth and depth of Rand's theory in so short a space as this article; consequently, I have provided the reader with a large number of references for further study. At minimum, Ayn Rand's theory, because of its originality and challenge to establishment theories, should be included in all business ethics courses and discussions of business ethics.
Effectiveness of the Teaching Methods of Elementary Reading on Pupils’ Academic Performance

In most of developing countries, many graduated pupils of primary school have very lower skills in reading. For example in Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo), 50% of pupils of elementary degree of primary school have learning difficulties, especially in reading. It has proved the importance of teaching methods on the pupils’ performance in reading. This comparative quantitative and quasi-experimental study conducted with 360 pupils from eight primary schools, aims to test the effectiveness of four teaching methods used with TDM and ICT in teaching reading in order to determine what a teaching method contributes to higher performance of pupils in reading or what among four methods would be most suitable. The findings could help teachers to select the best method to adopt in their teaching.
Building a concept hierarchy

Corpus analysis is today at the heart of building Terminological Knowledge Bases (TKBs). Important terms are usually first extracted from a corpus and then related to one another via semantic relations. This research brings the discovery of semantic relations to the forefront to allow the discovery of less stable lexical units or unlabeled concepts, which are important to include in a TKB to facilitate knowledge organization. We suggest a concept hierarchy made of concept nodes defined via a representational structure emphasizing both labeling and conceptual representation. The Conceptual Graph formalism chosen for conceptual representation allows a compositional view of concepts, which is relevant for their comparison and their organization in a concept lattice. Examples manually extracted from a scuba-diving corpus are presented to explore the possibilities of this approach. Subsequently, steps toward a semi-automatic construction of a concept hierarchy from corpus analysis are presented to evaluate their underlying hypothesis and feasibility.
Modified Newtonian Dynamics and the “Dearth of Dark Matter in Ordinary Elliptical Galaxies”

The recent findings of Romanowsky et al., of an "unexpectedly" small mass discrepancy within 5 effective radii in several elliptical galaxies, are not surprising in the context of modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND). As we show here, they are, in fact, in full concordance with its predictions. One is dealing with high surface density galaxies with mean accelerations rather larger than the acceleration constant of MOND. These findings continue, and are now the extreme examples of, the trend predicted by MOND: the mass discrepancy sets in at larger and larger scaled radii in galaxies with larger and larger mean surface densities or, equivalently, mean accelerations.
The excitation of spiral density waves through turbulent fluctuations in accretion discs – II. Numerical simulations with MRI-driven turbulence

We present fully three-dimensional local simulations of compressible magneto-rotational instability (MRI) turbulence with the object of studying and elucidating the excitation of the non-axisymmetric spiral density waves that are observed to always be present in such simulations. They are potentially important for affecting protoplanetary migration through the action of associated stochastic gravitational forces and producing residual transport in MHD inactive regions through which they may propagate. The simulations we perform are with zero net flux and produce mean activity levels corresponding to the Shakura & Syunyaev α∼ 5 × 10−3, being at the lower end of the range usually considered in accretion disc modelling. We reveal the nature of the mechanism responsible for the excitation of these waves by determining the time-dependent evolution of the Fourier transforms of the participating state variables. The dominant waves are found to have no vertical structure and to be excited during periodically repeating swings in which they change from leading to trailing. The initial phase of the evolution of such a swing is found to be in excellent agreement with that expected from the WKBJ theory developed in a preceding paper by Heinemann & Papaloizou. However, shortly after the attainment of the expected maximum wave amplitude, the waves begin to be damped on account of the formation of weak shocks. As expected from the theory, the waves are seen to shorten in radial wavelength as they propagate. This feature enables non-linear dissipation to continue in spite of amplitude decrease. As a consequence, the waves are almost always seen to be in the non-linear regime. We demonstrate that the important source terms causing excitation of the waves are related to a quantity that reduces to the potential vorticity for small perturbations from the background state with no vertical dependence. We find that the root mean square density fluctuations associated with the waves are positively correlated with both this quantity and the general level of hydromagnetic turbulence. The mean angular momentum transport associated with spiral density waves generated in our simulations is estimated to be a significant fraction of that associated with the turbulent Reynolds stress.
Visibility sorting and compositing without splitting for image layer decompositions

We present an efficient algorithm for visibility sorting a set of moving geometric objects into a sequence of image layers which are composited to produce the final image. Instead of splitting the geometry as in previous visibility approaches, we detect mutual occluders and resolve them using an appropriate image compositing expression or merge them into a single layer. Such an algorithm has many applications in computer graphics; we demonstrate two: rendering acceleration using image interpolation and visibility-correct depth of field using image blurring. We propose a new, incremental method for identifying mutually occluding sets of objects and computing a visibility sort among these sets. Occlusion queries are accelerated by testing on convex bounding hulls; less conservative tests are also discussed. Kd-trees formed by combinations of directions in object or image space provide an initial cull on potential occluders, and incremental collision detection algorithms are adapted to resolve pairwise occlusions, when necessary. Mutual occluders are further analyzed to generate an image compositing expression; in the case of nonbinary occlusion cycles, an expression can always be generated without merging the objects into a single layer. Results demonstrate that the algorithm is practical for real-time animation of scenes involving hundreds of objects each comprising hundreds or thousands of polygons. CR Categories: I.3. 3 [Computer Graphics]: Picture/Image Generation Display algorithms. Additional
Pathway-based feature selection algorithms identify genes discriminating patients with multiple sclerosis apart from controls

Introduction The focus of analyzing data from microarray experiments and extracting biological insight from such data has experienced a shift from identification of individual genes in association with a phenotype to that of biological pathways or gene sets. Meanwhile, feature selection algorithm becomes imperative to cope with the high dimensional nature of many modeling tasks in bioinformatics. Many feature selection algorithms use information contained within a gene set as a biological priori, and select relevant features by incorporating such information. Thus, an integration of gene set analysis with feature selection is highly desired. Significance analysis of microarray to gene-set reduction analysis (SAM-GSR) algorithm is a novel direction of gene set analysis, aiming at further reduction of gene set into a core subset. Here, we explore the feature selection trait possessed by SAM-GSR and then modify SAM-GSR specifically to better fulfill this role. Results and Conclusions Training on a multiple sclerosis (MS) microarray data using both SAM-GSR and our modification of SAM-GSR, excellent discriminative performance on an independent test set was achieved. To conclude, absorbing biological information from a gene set may be helpful for classification and feature selection. Discussion Given the fact the complete pathway information is far from completeness, a statistical method capable of constructing biologically meaningful gene networks is in demand. The basic requirement is that interplay among genes must be taken into account.
High performance wireless system by using VA and GA selection

We commenced two memory measure, and power productive algorithmic transmutation for the Viterbi Algorithm (VA) and genetic algorithm(GA). The first performs in-place ciphering marking down memory vital and bit transitions on the data address bus, although the second elucidate the traceback standard of expressive VA, Today the technology changes indubitable fast as it evoked from old stone (Palaeolithic) age to 5G technology, It took several centuries such drastic changes in communication. Then the importance of wireless communication is new trend in daily conversion such as mobile, whatsapp due to which the world is connected as global village to everyone can access from anywhere in the world with improved data rate.
Longest convex chains

Assume Xn is a random sample of n uniform, independent points from a triangle T. The longest convex chain, Y, of Xn is defined naturally (see the next paragraph). The length |Y| of Y is a random variable, denoted by Ln. In this article, we determine the order of magnitude of the expectation of Ln. We show further that Ln is highly concentrated around its mean, and that the longest convex chains have a limit shape. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 2009