Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associative Memory for Online Incremental Learning in Noisy Environments

Associative memory operating in a real environment must perform well on online incremental learning and be robust to noisy data because noisy associative patterns are presented sequentially in a real environment. We propose a novel associative memory that satisfies these needs. Using the proposed method, new associative pairs that are presented sequentially can be learned accurately without forgetting previously learned patterns. The memory size of the proposed method increases adaptively when learning patterns. Therefore, it suffers neither redundancy nor insufficiency of memory size, even in an environment where the maximum number of associative pairs to be presented is unknown before learning. The proposed method deals with two types of noise. To our knowledge, no conventional associative memory deals with both types. The proposed associative memory performs as a bidirectional one-to-many or many-to-one associative memory and deals not only with bipolar data, but also real-valued data. We infer that the proposed method's features are important for application to an intelligent robot operating in a real environment.
Multilevel expander codes

We define multilevel codes on bipartite graphs which have properties analogous to multilevel serial concatenations. A linear-time decoding algorithm is described that corrects a proportion of errors equal to half the Blokh-Zyablov bound. The error probability of this algorithm has exponent similar to that of serially concatenated multilevel codes, i.e. equals the best-known exponent achievable by a polynomial-time decoding algorithm
The Police and the Majority: The Neglect of the Obvious?

In the current atmosphere of crisis which has enveloped us since the Bristol and 1981 riots, our obsession with police/ ethnic minority relations carries the danger of blinding us to less dramatic but more widespread and equally serious issues in the policing of society generally. The post-mortem on the 1981 riots did serve to crystallise public concern about the modern role of the police, but it distorted the focus of the problem. Indeed, the conservative and liberal/ radical theses' offered as explanations of the civil disturbances merely reflected the pre-existing polarized arguments about the purpose and nature of policing. This dichotomy was evident in the debate that surrounded a variety of issues, such as policing styles, accountability, discretion, and the extent and nature of police powers. The effect of the "crisis" had been to highlight further this difference and to focus on specific rather than generalized issues. Thus, apart from some generalized perception that "the police" have become too remote from "the public", the population has been bifurcated (not least by the Scarman Report itself) into an "inner-city problem population" and "the rest". Reassurance that dissatisfaction with the police is a minority pursuit can be drawn from the findings of the numerous surveys of public opinion conducted over the last two decades. Since the often quoted Final Report of the Royal Commission on the Police in 1962, which concluded: "on the basis of this survey, that relations between the police and the public are on the whole very good . ", popular opinion polls and academic surveys alike 2 have indicated the considerable support and goodwill extended by the majority of the public towards the police. These surveys have also consistently demonstrated the general pessimism (or modest self-image) of the police. The fact that some of the more recent pollshave signalled a more extensive change in the "traditionally good" relationship has been eclipsed by the overall favourable impression which remains
Supervisors’ Ability to Manage Their Own Emotions Influences the Effectiveness of Their Support-Giving

Although supervisor support is generally considered a job resource that buffers the negative consequences of job demands, reverse-buffering effects have been found. It was proposed that supervisor support would be stress buffering when supervisors were skilled in emotion management and stress exacerbating when supervisors were low in emotion management. A sample of 210 US employees found three-way interactions on psychological strain, job burnout, and two stress-related intentions. Supportive supervisors high in emotion management buffered high emotional demands on psychological strain and medical advice intentions, but not burnout or turnover intentions. The stress-exacerbating hypothesis was not supported. Instead, employees with highly supportive supervisors low in emotion management reported low strain at low emotional demands. However, this benefit was diminished at high emotional demands.
A Virtual MIMO Framework for Transceiver Analysis and Design for Multipath Fading Channels

An understanding of the interaction between the channel and the signal space is key to reliable communication. Multipath fading channels exhibit inherent diversity that can be exploited via appropriate signaling and reception. In this paper, we develop a virtual MIMO framework for code division multiple access (CDMA) systems for maximally exploiting channel diversity at both the transmitter and receiver. At the heart of the framework are MIMO system representations with respect to appropriately chosen basis functions for the signal space. The framework unifies many existing systems and suggests new transceiver structures for bandwidth-efficient communication. For any transceiver structure, the framework clearly reveals the two key factors that affect system performance: the number of parallel channels created by the signaling scheme and the level of diversity associated with each parallel channel. The framework also makes it possible to derive closed-form expressions for ergodic and outage capacity for a variety of transceivers. We present a transceiver that has a simple capacity expression and whose outage capacity performance bounds that of the multipath channel. We also present a simple transceiver for transforming the temporal multipath channel into a virtual multiple antenna array system to which recently developed spacetime codes can be directly applied.
SENSE-REVERSING PROFILE BASED CONFIDENCE ESTIMATOR FOR LOAD VALUE PREDICTION

This work presents a sense-reversing profile based confidence estimator (SRP CE) for load value prediction. This sense-reversing profile along with a prediction bit serves as an efficient confidence estimator for the Stride2Delta predictor, which outperforms the existing estimators. The drawback of the existing profile based confidence estimators is that they tend to saturate for some history patterns. The basic idea behind the proposed SRP CE is to overcome the saturation of history bits. This is done by making the prediction of the load value evenly spread on all the history patterns. This spread enables the decision logic of the confidence estimator to be implemented with a simpler hardware. The results show that this proposed scheme improves performance significantly.
An $L_{2}$ -Boosting Algorithm for Estimation of a Regression Function

An L 2-boosting algorithm for estimation of a regression function from random design is presented, which consists of fitting repeatedly a function from a fixed nonlinear function space to the residuals of the data by least squares and by defining the estimate as a linear combination of the resulting least squares estimates. Splitting of the sample is used to decide after how many iterations of smoothing of the residuals the algorithm terminates. The rate of convergence of the algorithm is analyzed in case of an unbounded response variable. The method is used to fit a sum of maxima of minima of linear functions to a given data set, and is compared with other nonparametric regression estimates using simulated data.
Preliminary potential crash prevention estimates for an Intersection Advanced Driver Assistance System in straight crossing path crashes

Intersection crashes are among the most frequent and lethal crash modes in the United States. Accounting for over one-third of all intersection crashes, straight crossing path (SCP) crashes are the most common intersection crash mode. Intersection Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (I-ADAS) have the potential to prevent SCP crashes by detecting imminent collisions and either alerting the driver and/or taking autonomous crash avoidance action. The objective of this study was to estimate how many SCP intersection crashes could be potentially prevented in the U.S. if every vehicle was equipped with I-ADAS. Three steps were performed in this study. First, a simulation case set was generated from 459 real world SCP intersection crashes collected as part of NHTSA's National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey (NMVCCS) database. Second, the pre-crash kinematics of each vehicle was reconstructed using information from the crash investigation, pre-crash driver models, and reconstructed impact speeds. Third, the crashes were simulated as if both vehicles had been equipped with I-ADAS. Three critical time-to-collision (TTC) thresholds were evaluated in this study, including 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 seconds. The model predicted that 19% to 35% of all SCP crashes have the potential to be prevented if all vehicles in the U.S. were equipped with I-ADAS. Nearly twice as many crashes were predicted to be prevented if a TTC threshold of 3.0 s was used rather than 2.0 s. When at least one of the vehicles stopped prior to entering the intersection, the model estimated that 24% to 49% of crashes have the potential to be prevented by I-ADAS. In contrast, when neither vehicle stopped, the model estimates that 13% to 17% of crashes could potentially be prevented. It is important to note that the model makes several assumptions that represent a “best case scenario” for I-ADAS. These results have important implications for designers, consumers, and regulatory agencies.
IMAGE COMPRESSION ON SCANNING TECHNIQUES

The approach of denoising and the compression in the wavelet domain using the Discrete Wavelet Transform and Karhunen-Loeve Transform. The denoising techniques are used to remove the additive noise while retaining as much as possible the important image features. This has been done with the help of wavelet thresholding because the wavelet provides an appropriate basis for separating noisy pixels from the image pixels. The resulting denoised image is compressed using the Karhunen-Loeve Transform as it is a more efficient compression scheme when combined with the different scanning methods. This method can achieve vastly superior compression rates when compared to other methods.
A conceptual investigation of variables affecting the success and acceptance of SMS Marketing in Iran

This paper’s aim was to develop a conceptual overview of SMS marketing and delineate factors of new communications technologies on business practice. This study, which was a descriptive survey, was built on primary and secondary data source including a literature review of SMS marketing and a Questionnaire were used as the primary means of collecting secondary data. The sample size of 300 patients was determined according to the Cochran formula. Moreover, data analysis was done in SPSS by using linear regression, chi-square, t-test and Binomial test. According to the research, sex, age, education, relevance, timeliness, reliability to sender, sense of control were variables affecting the SMS marketing acceptance. This paper was qualitative and provided a solid conceptual foundation for the future empirical research on e- marketing. The potential limitation was related to the broad user of computer and mobile. In this research, we considered SMS marketing, Mobile marketing, SMS advertising as the same subject. This research will be a useful resource with important insight into the factors that may encourage or determine consumer acceptance of this new form of direct marketing. This paper addressed an important timely issue, and added to the body of literature and knowledge focusing on e-marketing.
Data-intensive XQuery debugging with instant replay

We explore the design and implementation of Rover, a postmortem debugger for XQuery. Rather than being based on the traditional breakpoint model, Rover acknowledges XQuery's nature as a functional language: the debugger follows a declarative debugging paradigm in which a user is enabled to observe the values of selected XQuery subexpressions. Rover has been designed to hook into Pathfinder, an XQuery compiler that emits relational algebra plans for evaluation on commodity relational database back-ends. The debugger instruments the subject query with fn:trace() calls which, at query runtime, populate database tables with relational representations of XQuery item sequences. Thanks to Pathfinder's loop-lifting compilation strategy, a Rover trace (1) may span multiple XQuery for iteration scopes and (2) allows for interactive debugging sessions that can arbitrarily replay iterations in a unique forward/backward fashion. Since the query runtime as well as the debugger are database-supported, Rover is scalable and supports the observation of very data-intensive XQuery expressions.
Allergenic Lipid Transfer Proteins from Plant-Derived Foods Do Not Immunologically and Clinically Behave Homogeneously: The Kiwifruit LTP as a Model

Background Food allergy is increasingly common worldwide. Tools for allergy diagnosis measuring IgE improved much since allergenic molecules and microarrays started to be used. IgE response toward allergens belonging to the same group of molecules has not been comprehensively explored using such approach yet. Objective Using the model of lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) from plants as allergens, including two new structures, we sought to define how heterogeneous is the behavior of homologous proteins. Methods Two new allergenic LTPs, Act d 10 and Act c 10, have been identified in green (Actinidia deliciosa) and gold (Actinidia chinensis) kiwifruit (KF), respectively, using clinically characterized allergic patients, and their biochemical features comparatively evaluated by means of amino acid sequence alignments. Along with other five LTPs from peach, mulberry, hazelnut, peanut, mugwort, KF LTPs, preliminary tested positive for IgE, have been immobilized on a microarray, used for IgE testing 1,003 allergic subjects. Comparative analysis has been carried out. Results Alignment of Act d 10 primary structure with the other allergenic LTPs shows amino acid identities to be in a narrow range between 40 and 55%, with a number of substitutions making the sequences quite different from each other. Although peach LTP dominates the IgE immune response in terms of prevalence, epitope recognition driven by sequence heterogeneity has been recorded to be distributed in a wide range of behaviors. KF LTPs IgE positive results were obtained in a patient subset IgE positive for the peach LTP. Anyhow, the negative results on homologous molecules allowed us to reintroduce KF in patients' diet. Conclusion The biochemical nature of allergenic molecule belonging to a group of homologous ones should not be taken as proof of immunological recognition as well. The availability of panels of homologous molecules to be tested using microarrays is valuable to address the therapeutic intervention.
Efficient algorithms for optimal and suboptimal unconditional ML estimation of DOA

This paper presents efficient algorithms for optimal and suboptimal Unconditional Maximum Likelihood (UML) directions-of-arrival (DOA) finding. In the conventional UML formulation an important condition is missing. That is the non-negative definiteness of the covariance matrix of signal components. Because of the lack of the important condition, inadequate global solution appears in the solution space and global search fails to find adequate solution. Although the exact UML formulation solves this problem, it requires huge computational load because of eigenvalues required in each step of searching DOA. According to the investigation on the local soutions of the previous UML estimation, the exact solution is found in the local solutions in the case of good estimation condition, such as large snapshots and high SNR. This leads to the fact that local search for the previous UML criterion has a good chance to find the exact solution UML estimation. Although no exact solution could not be found in the local solutions of the previous UML estimation in the threshold region, such as small snapshots or low SNR, the local search has a chance to find suboptimum solutions of the exact UML estimation. This paper proposes two kind of efficient algorithms for the conventional UML to find the optimal or exact solutions and suboptimal solutions for exact UML estimation of DOA.
Sind Geburten ansteckend? Fertilität und soziale Interaktion am Arbeitsplatz

In this paper, we ask whether fertility at the workplace is “contagious”, investigating the influence of colleagues’ fertility on women’s transitions to first pregnancy. Our study is informed by the principles of analytical sociology, proposing different mechanisms that are likely to mediate social interaction effects on fertility. The empirical analysis draws on linked employer-employee panel data from the German Federal Employment Agency comprising 42,394 female co-workers in over 7,560 firms. Discrete-time hazard models reveal the existence of a contagion effect: In the year after a colleague gave birth, transition rates to pregnancy almost doubled. The results are consistent with desireand belief-based mechanisms of social contagion, suggesting that interaction with pregnant colleagues and/or their newborns may generate or exacerbate the wish to have a child but also increase confidence in childbearing decisions by learning from a social model.
Visualization of Probiotic-Mediated Ca2+ Signaling in Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vivo

Probiotics, such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Bacillus subtilis var. natto, have been shown to modulate immune responses. It is important to understand how probiotic bacteria impact intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), because IECs are the first line of defense at the mucosal surface barrier and their activities substantially affect the gut microenvironment and immunity. However, to date, their precise mechanism remains unknown due to a lack of analytical systems available for live animal models. Recently, we generated a conditional Ca2+ biosensor Yellow Cameleon (YC3.60) transgenic mouse line and established 5D (x, y, z, time, and Ca2+) intravital imaging systems of lymphoid tissues including those in Peyer’s patches and bone marrow. In the present study, we further advance our intravital imaging system for intestinal tracts to visualize IEC responses against orally administrated food compounds in real time. Using this system, heat-killed B. subtilis natto, a probiotic TTCC012 strain, is shown to directly induce Ca2+ signaling in IECs in mice housed under specific pathogen-free conditions. In contrast, this activation is not observed in the Lactococcus lactis strain C60; however, when we generate germ-free YC3.60 mice and observe the LAB stimulation of IECs in the absence of gut microbiota, C60 is capable of inducing Ca2+ signaling. This is the first study to successfully visualize the direct effect of probiotics on IECs in live animals. These data strongly suggest that probiotic strains stimulate IECs under physiological conditions and that their activity is affected by the microenvironment of the small intestine, such as commensal bacteria.
New GPS technology improves fix success for large mammal collars in dense tropical forests

There have been few telemetry studies on large and medium-sized mammals from Neotropical lowland forests. This can partly be explained by the difficulty of tracking animals with radio-telemetry in these forests, often in remote areas with poor access due to limited transportation infrastructure. Researchers have been forced to follow their collared animals by aeroplane (Crawshaw 1995, Fragoso 1998, Rabinowitz & Nottingham 1986), but aerial telemetry is dangerous and involves difficult logistics and high costs. GPS (Global Positioning System) collars that allow the collection of data automatically at long intervals would be a good alternative. The effect of canopy cover on GPS fix success and location accuracy was of concern from the beginning and has been widely investigated in temperate forests (D'Eon 2003, Di Orio et al. 2003, Dussault et al. 1999, Moen et al. 1996, Rempel et al. 1995). All studies found a significant decrease in fix success and a large increase in location errors under forest canopy. Tropical lowland rain forests have a much denser canopy than temperate forests, and up to now the performance of GPS collars in tropical forest has been very poor. Rumiz & Venegas (2006) showed that while GPS collars worked in the dry forest of the Bolivian Chaco, they only obtained a successful fix in 1–3% of all attempts in the lowland forest of the Madidi National Park, Bolivia.
Health, Absence, Disability, and Presenteeism Cost Estimates of Certain Physical and Mental Health Conditions Affecting U.S. Employers

Evidence about the total cost of health, absence, short-term disability, and productivity losses was synthesized for 10 health conditions. Cost estimates from a large medical/absence database were combined with findings from several published productivity surveys. Ranges of condition prevalence and associated absenteeism and presenteeism (on-the-job-productivity) losses were used to estimate condition-related costs. Based on average impairment and prevalence estimates, the overall economic burden of illness was highest for hypertension ($392 per eligible employee per year), heart disease ($368), depression and other mental illnesses ($348), and arthritis ($327). Presenteeism costs were higher than medical costs in most cases, and represented 18% to 60% of all costs for the 10 conditions. Caution is advised when interpreting any particular source of data, and the need for standardization in future research is noted.
Aalborg Universitet Action Recognition using Motion Primitives

The number of potential applications has made automatic recognition of human actions a very active research area. Different approach es have been followed based on trajectories through some state space. In this paper we also model an action as a trajectory through a state space, but we represent the ac ions as a sequence of temporal isolated instances, denoted primitives. Thes e primitives are each defined by four features extracted from motion images. The p rimitives are recognized in each frame based on a trained classifier resulting in a s equence of primitives. From this sequence we recognize different temporal ac tions using a probabilistic Edit Distance method. The method is tested on different actions with and without noise and the results show recognizing rates of 88.7% and85.5%, respectively.
Legendre Wavelets Method for Nonlinear Fractional Differences Equation

In this paper we consider a kind of polynomials-Legendre polynomials then we get Legendre wavelet. Legendre wavelet operational matrix of the fractional integration is derived and combined the property of operational matrix to solve nonlinear fractional differential equations, we give some example and the numerical example shows that the method is effective.