Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A socio-aware overlay for publish/subscribe communication in delay tolerant networks

The emergence of Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) has culminated in a new generation of wireless networking. We focus on a type of human-to-human communication in DTNs, where human behaviour exhibits the characteristics of networks by forming a community. We show the characteristics of such networks from extensive study of real-world human connectivity traces. We exploit distributed community detection from the trace and propose a Socio-Aware Overlay over detected communities for publish/subscribe communication. Centrality nodes have the best visibility to the other nodes in the network. We create an overlay with such centrality nodes from communities. Distributed community detection operates when nodes (i.e. devices) are in contact by gossipping, and subscription propagation is performed along with this operation. We validate our message dissemination algorithms for publish/subscribe with connectivity traces.
Metabolic syndrome, obesity, and mortality: impact of cardiorespiratory fitness.

OBJECTIVE To determine in normal weight, overweight, and obese men the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This observational cohort study included 19,173 men who underwent a clinical examination, including a maximal exercise test. MetS was defined according to National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines. RESULTS At baseline 19.5% of the men had MetS. The ORs of the metabolic syndrome at baseline were 4.7 (95% CI 4.2-5.3) in overweight and 30.6 (26.7-35.0) in obese men compared with normal weight men. A total of 477 deaths (160 CVD) occurred in 10.2 years of follow-up. The risks of all-cause mortality were 1.11 (0.75-1.17) in normal weight, 1.09 (0.82-1.47) in overweight, and 1.55 (1.14-2.11) in obese men with MetS compared with normal weight healthy men. The corresponding risks for CVD mortality were 2.06 (0.92-4.63) in normal weight, 1.80 (1.10-2.97) in overweight, and 2.83 (1.70-4.72) in obese men with the MetS compared with normal weight healthy men. After the inclusion of CRF in the model, the risks associated with obesity and MetS were no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS Obesity and MetS are associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality; however; these risks were largely explained by CRF.
Effects of topology on local throughput-capacity of ad hoc networks

Most publications on the capacity and performance of wireless ad hoc networks share the underlying assumption of a uniform random distribution of nodes. In this paper, we study the effects of different node distributions on the local throughput of the slotted ALOHA MAC protocol. The throughput achieved in a network where the nodes are distributed according to a Poisson point process is used as a baseline performance measure for the comparison with other point distributions. Our simulations show that non-uniform random node distributions have a strong impact on the local throughput which is related to the network capacity and performance. This means that the node topology should be taken into account in more detailed analyses and simulations of ad hoc, sensor, and mesh networks.
Building a Strong Ensemble of Teaching Artists: Characteristics, Contexts, and Strategies for Success and Sustainability.

This research analyzes the techniques, strategies, and philosophical foundations that contributed to the quality and maintenance of a strong theatre-in-education ensemble. This study details how the company selected ensemble members and describes the work environment the company developed to promote collaboration and encourage actorteacher retention. Specifically, this research documents the contribution of the directors and actors in the ensemble-building process. This study, which identifies factors that contribute to selecting, developing, and sustaining a successful ensemble, can serve to inform theatre-in-education professionals as they strive to develop and improve their ensemble-building practices and can inform other arts educators as they work to establish and sustain collaborative communities of teaching artists. IJEA Vol. 14 No. 8 http://www.ijea. org/v14n8/ 2
Intraocular Pressure Following Combined Routes of Bevacizumab-augmented Trabeculectomy for Refractory Neovascular Glaucoma

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP) control following combined routes of adjuvant bevacizumab with trabeculectomy in refractory neovascular glaucoma. Methods: From June 2011 to December 2011, 5 consecutive cases of neovascular glaucoma with persistent raised IOP on maximal medical treatment underwent adjuvant bevacizumab by combined routes (subconjunctival (SC) and/or intracameral (IC), intravitreal (IV) injections) before pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP). Needs for repeat procedures or medications for IOP control over the postoperative period were assessed. Results: The mean IOP (1 SC, 1 IC + IV, 3 SC + IC routes) reduced from 40 ± 5.5 mm Hg to 17 ± 3.7 mm Hg at a mean final follow-up of 4 ± 3.7months (range 1–9 months), respectively (p < 0.001 for each). All eyes had transient IOP spikes 1–3 months after surgery, which normalized spontaneously after PRP, while one eye required topical medications for IOP control. Conclusions: Combined routes of adjuvant bevacizumab augmented trabeculectomy may help in better IOP control (IC + IV > IC + SC > SC) in refractory neovascular glaucoma but require additional procedures for sustained effect.
Canadian Drug Policy and the Reproduction of Indigenous Inequities

Canada’s federal drug policy under the Harper government (2006 to present) is “tough on crime” and dismissive of public health and harm reduction approaches to problematic drug use. Drawing on insights from discourse and critical race theories, and Bacchi’s (2009) poststructural policy analysis framework, problematic representations in Canada’s federal drug policy discourse are examined through proposed and passed legislation, government documents, and parliamentary speaker notes. These problem representations are situated within their social, historical, and colonial context to demonstrate how this policy is poised to intersect with persistent racial inequalities that position Indigenous peoples for involvement with illicit substances and markets, and racialized discourses and practices within law and law enforcement that perpetuate Indigenous over-representation in the criminal justice system.
Drug-induced atrial fibrillation

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and an important cause of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. A myriad of drugs can induce AF. However, drug-induced AF (DIAF) receives little attention. Thus, this review is an attempt to attract the attention on this adverse effect. Areas covered: Published reports of drug-induced AF (DIAF) are reviewed in this paper, from January 1974 to December 2011, using the PubMed/Medline database and lateral references. Expert opinion: In most cases, DIAF is paroxysmal and terminates spontaneously, but sometimes AF persists and it is necessary to perform a cardioversion to restore sinus rhythm and avoid progression to persistent AF. Because of the short duration of DIAF, in addition to physicians/patients not being knowledgeable about this side effect, the real incidence and clinical consequences of DIAF are presently unknown. DIAF is an increasing problem, as some widely prescribed drugs can present this adverse effect. The risk is expected to increase in the elderly and in patients with comorbidities. It is important that physicians understand the significance of DIAF, to increase the collaboration between cardiac and non-cardiac professionals, and to educate patients to make them aware of this adverse side effect.
Soil-transmitted Helminth Infections in Schoolchildren of Laguna de Perlas (Nicaragua)

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) prevalence, intensity, polyparasitism and co-infections in 425 children from 3 schools of Laguna de Perlas (Nicaragua) were investigated. Single stool samples were analysed by the formalin-ether method and the Kato-Katz. A total of 402 (94.6%) children were infected. Trichuris trichiura 308 (72.4%), Ascaris lumbricoides 115 (27.1%) and Hookworms 54 (12.7%) were the most prevalent STHs. Polyparasitism (322; 75.8%) with two species was most prevalent (109; 25.6%). T. trichiura with A. lumbricoides (19.3%) and T. trichiura with Hookworm (6.8%) were the most common combinations. Positive associations were observed between T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura and Hookworm (p = 0.0001). Highest Hookworm intensities appeared when three STH co-infections occurred. Moderate- heavy STH intensities appear in up to 42.1% in trichuriasis, 57.5% in ascariasis and 11.1% in Hookworm infections. Integrated control interventions covering children need to be implemented mainly in a rural environment.
1 . 1 What is a GPT ?

Electricity and IT are perhaps the two most important GPTs to date. We analyze how the U.S. economy reacted to them. The Electricity and IT eras are similar, but they also different in important ways. Electrification was more broadly adopted, whereas IT seems to be technologically more revolutionary. The productivity slowdown is stronger in the IT era but the ongoing spread of IT and its continuing precipitous price decline are reasons for optimism about growth in the coming decades.
Unshackle the Cloud!

Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) clouds are evolving from offering simple on-demand resources to providing diverse sets of tightly-coupled monolithic services. Like OS kernels of the 1980's and 1990's, these monolithic offerings, albeit rich in features, are significantly constraining users' freedom and control over the underlying-- cloud--resources. For example, we are unaware of a true hybrid cloud, where its users can migrate virtual machines freely across clouds. This paper argues for a new type of IaaS cloud, an xCloud, that builds on ideas from extensible OSs to give users the flexibility to install custom cloud extensions, which can address the limitations outlined above. We describe the design space for xClouds, including a practical approach for transforming today's public clouds into xClouds.
Establishing the role of ATP for the function of the RIG-I innate immune sensor

Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) initiates a rapid innate immune response upon detection and binding to viral ribonucleic acid (RNA). This signal activation occurs only when pathogenic RNA is identified, despite the ability of RIG-I to bind endogenous RNA while surveying the cytoplasm. Here we show that ATP binding and hydrolysis by RIG-I play a key role in the identification of viral targets and the activation of signaling. Using biochemical and cell-based assays together with mutagenesis, we show that ATP binding, and not hydrolysis, is required for RIG-I signaling on viral RNA. However, we show that ATP hydrolysis does provide an important function by recycling RIG-I and promoting its dissociation from non-pathogenic RNA. This activity provides a valuable proof-reading mechanism that enhances specificity and prevents an antiviral response upon encounter with host RNA molecules. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.09391. 001
Java bytecode to native code translation: the Caffeine prototype and preliminary results

The Java bytecode language is emerging as a software distribution standard. With major vendors committed to porting the Java run-time environment to their platforms, programs in Java bytecode are expected to run without modification on multiple platforms. These first generation runtime environments rely on an interpreter to bridge the gap between the bytecode instructions and the native hardware. This interpreter approach is sufficient for specialized applications such as Internet browsers where application performance is often limited by network delays rather than processor speed. It is, however not sufficient for executing general applications distributed in Java bytecode. This paper presents our initial prototyping experience with Caffeine, an optimizing translator from Java bytecode to native machine code. We discuss the major technical issues involved in stack to register mapping, run-time memory structure mapping and exception handlers. Encouraging initial results based on our X86 port are presented.
Hormonal Changes in Puberty: IV. Plasma Estradiol, LH, and FSH in Prepubertal Children, Pubertal Females, and in Precocious Puberty, Premature Thelarche, Hypogonadism, and in a Child with a Feminizing Ovarian Tumor

The concentration of plasma estradiol (E2) was determined by radioimmunoassay in 26 prepubertal children, 76 pubertal females, 12 patients with idiopathic precocious puberty, six with premature thelarche, 8 with hypogonadism, and one with a feminizing ovarian tumor. Using 2.0 ml plasma aliquots, the sensitivity of the assay was 7 pg/ml. Pooled male (17 ± 0.71 pg/ml sem) and female (95 ± 6.9, pg/ml sem) plasma values agree with previous reports. Plasma E2, undetectable (< 7 pg/ml) in prepubertal children, rose steadily throughout puberty: P2 13 ± 2.4; P3 25 ± 4.5; P4 44 ± 12; and P5 (girls post-menarche) 58 ± 5.7. Plasma E2 correlated significantly with bone age (r = 0.52) and chronologic age (r = 0.54), but best with the clinical evaluation of sexual development (r = 0.59). Plasma E2 and plasma gonadotropin patterns inthis cross-sectional study suggest that the initial hormonal event of female puberty is increased gonadotropin secretion, especially FSH. FSH rises sharply at the onset of puberty, but plate.
Anatomy education faces challenges in Pakistan

Anatomy education in Pakistan is facing many of the same challenges as in other parts of the world. Roughly, a decade ago, all medical and dental colleges in Pakistan emphasized anatomy as a core basic discipline within a traditional medical science curriculum. Now institutions are adopting problem based learning (PBL) teaching philosophies, and since medical colleges in Pakistan first introduced PBL curricula that expose the basic sciences primarily in clinical contexts, the methods and extent of anatomy teaching have been topics of much debate. Many claim that PBL curricula dilute basic science education, especially anatomy. At the same time, classically trained faculty members with PhD in anatomy have become nearly extinct in Pakistan, with only four working in country. A third challenge currently facing anatomy education in Pakistan, as in many parts of the world, is an unavailability of cadavers for dissection. As more institutions adopt PBL curricula, as PhD anatomists are harder to find, and as cadavers for dissection become scarce, Pakistan and other countries around the world will have to seriously consider how they will sustain adequate anatomy education. Anat Sci Educ 2:193–194, 2009. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists.
Epimerase Active Domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AlgG, a Protein That Contains a Right-Handed β-Helix

ABSTRACT The polysaccharide alginate forms a protective capsule for Pseudomonas aeruginosa during chronic pulmonary infections. The structure of alginate, a linear polymer of β1-4-linked O-acetylated d-mannuronate (M) and l-guluronate (G), is important for its activity as a virulence factor. Alginate structure is mediated by AlgG, a periplasmic C-5 mannuronan epimerase. AlgG also plays a role in protecting alginate from degradation by the periplasmic alginate lyase AlgL. Here, we show that the C-terminal region of AlgG contains a right-handed β-helix (RHβH) fold, characteristic of proteins with the carbohydrate-binding and sugar hydrolase (CASH) domain. When modeled based on pectate lyase C of Erwinia chrysanthemi, the RHβH of AlgG has a long shallow groove that may accommodate alginate, similar to protein/polysaccharide interactions of other CASH domain proteins. The shallow groove contains a 324-DPHD motif that is conserved among AlgG and the extracellular mannuronan epimerases of Azotobacter vinelandii. Point mutations in this motif disrupt mannuronan epimerase activity but have no effect on alginate secretion. The D324A mutation has a dominant negative phenotype, suggesting that the shallow groove in AlgG contains the catalytic face for epimerization. Other conserved motifs of the epimerases, 361-NNRSYEN and 381-NLVAYN, are predicted to lie on the opposite side of the RHβH from the catalytic center. Point mutations N362A, N367A, and V383A result in proteins that do not protect alginate from AlgL, suggesting that these mutant proteins are not properly folded or not inserted into the alginate biosynthetic scaffold. These motifs are likely involved in asparagine and hydrophobic stacking, required for structural integrity of RHβH proteins, rather than for mannuronan catalysis. The results suggest that the AlgG RHβH protects alginate from degradation by AlgL by channeling the alginate polymer through the proposed alginate biosynthetic scaffold while epimerizing approximately every second d-mannuronate residue to l-guluronate along the epimerase catalytic face.
Closed source versus open source in a model of software bug dynamics

We introduce a simple microscopic description of software bug dynamics where users, programmers and a maintainer interact through a given program, with a particular emphasis on bug creation, detection and fixing. When the program is written from scratch, the first phase of development is characterized by a fast decline of the number of bugs, followed by a slow phase where most bugs have been fixed, hence, are hard to find. Releasing immediately bug fixes speeds up the debugging process, which substantiates bazaar open-source methodology. We provide a mathematical analysis that supports our numerical simulations. Finally, we apply our model to Linux history and determine the existence of a lower bound to the quality of its programmers.
An Effective Energy-Based Multi-view Piecewise Planar Stereo Method

For piecewise planar scene modeling, many challenging issues still persist, in particular, how to generate sufficient candidate planes and how to assign an optimal plane for each spatial patch. To address these issues, we present a novel multi-view piecewise planar stereo method for the complete reconstruction. In our method, reconstruction is formulated as an energy-based plane labeling problem, where photo-consistency and geometric constraints are incorporated to a unified super pixel-level MRF (Markov Random Field) framework. To enhance the efficacy of the plane inference and optimization, an effective multi-direction plane sweeping with much restricted search space is carried out to generate sufficient and reliable candidate planes. Experiments show that our method can effectively handle many challenging factors (e.g. Slant surfaces, texture less regions) and achieve satisfactory results.
Exploring Intelligibility in Tracheoesophageal Speech: A Descriptive Analysis

Despite literature that suggests tracheoesophageal (TE) voice restoration to have the highest intelligibility of the three alaryngeal modes of speech, previous studies have shown that TE speech is less intelligible than “normal” speech. It is important to understand where problems related to intelligibility currently exist in order for members of the rehabilitation team to provide the best therapy/prostheses to each individual using TE speech as a mode of communication. This study evaluated the intelligibility of 15 male and female tracheoesophageal speakers. Eighteen normal-hearing, naive, young adult listeners assessed digital voice samples of 15 adult male and female TE speakers. Listeners made judgments by transcribing the monosyllabic words heard into English orthographics. Confusion matrices were then generated based on the transcriptions. The data were analyzed to determine overall intelligibility and to determine if patterns of increased or decreased intelligibility existed based on manner of classification.
Phase-only side lobe level reduction of uniformly excited linear array antenna using iterative Fast Fourier transform

This paper describes phase-only control method for the synthesis of broadside uniformly excited and uniformly spaced linear array antenna for minimization of side lobe level using iterative Fast Fourier transform. Compared to other evolutionary methods this technique has higher computational speed. This is the major advantage of this technique. Maximum side lobe level of a uniformly excited linear array is only about 13.2 dB down from the main lobe level. For directive applications, such as radar and direction finding this is undesirable. Example presented here shows that this technique is able to find suitable phase-weights vector to reduce the side lobe level below •13.2 dB while keeping the amplitude weight uniform.
The development of a preference for logical consistency in school mathematics.

COLLIS, KEVIN F. The Development of a Preference for Logical Consistency in School Mathematics. CmLD DEVELOPMENT, 1974, 45, 978-983. This study attempts to follow the development of an "awareness" of the importance of consistency in a logical system with 3 elements and 1 operation. 2 sets of tables were devised which enabled Ss to work with an operation,*. 1 set of tables was self-consistent, and the other gave inconsistent results in some of the cells. After training in which Ss used both sets of tables, they were asked to indicate which set they preferred to work with and to give the reason for their preference. 8-year-old Ss gave preferences and reasons which showed that they were either unaware of the inconsistency or considered it irrelevant; 16-year-old Ss preferred the consistent set of tables and gave "consistency" explicitly as their reason for preference; groups of Ss in between these ages responded in terms that showed a preference for the consistent table but were not, in general, able to give explicit reasons for their choice.
Longitudinal MRI Reveals Altered Trajectory of Brain Development during Childhood and Adolescence in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of brain development in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) has revealed structural abnormalities, but studies have been limited by the use of cross-sectional designs. Longitudinal scans can provide key insights into trajectories of neurodevelopment within individuals with this common developmental disorder. Here we evaluate serial DTI and T1-weighted volumetric MRI in a human sample of 17 participants with FASD and 27 controls aged 5–15 years who underwent 2–3 scans each, ∼2–4 years apart (92 scans total). Increases of fractional anisotropy and decreases of mean diffusivity (MD) were observed between scans for both groups, in keeping with changes expected of typical development, but mixed-models analysis revealed significant age-by-group interactions for three major white matter tracts: superior longitudinal fasciculus and superior and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. These findings indicate altered developmental progression in these frontal-association tracts, with the FASD group notably showing greater reduction of MD between scans. ΔMD is shown to correlate with reading and receptive vocabulary in the FASD group, with steeper decreases of MD in the superior fronto-occipital fasciculus and superior longitudinal fasciculus between scans correlating with greater improvement in language scores. Volumetric analysis revealed reduced total brain, white, cortical gray, and deep gray matter volumes and fewer significant age-related volume increases in the FASD group, although age-by-group interactions were not significant. Longitudinal DTI indicates delayed white matter development during childhood and adolescence in FASD, which may underlie persistent or worsening behavioral and cognitive deficits during this critical period.