Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying key genes associated with acute myocardial infarction

Background: This study aimed to identify key genes associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by reanalyzing microarray data. Methods: Three gene expression profile datasets GSE66360, GSE34198, and GSE48060 were downloaded from GEO database. After data preprocessing, genes without heterogeneity across different platforms were subjected to differential expression analysis between the AMI group and the control group using metaDE package. P < . 05 was used as the cutoff for a differentially expressed gene (DEG). The expression data matrices of DEGs were imported in ReactomeFIViz to construct a gene functional interaction (FI) network. Then, DEGs in each module were subjected to pathway enrichment analysis using DAVID. MiRNAs and transcription factors predicted to regulate target DEGs were identified. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to verify the expression of genes. Result: A total of 913 upregulated genes and 1060 downregulated genes were identified in the AMI group. A FI network consists of 21 modules and DEGs in 12 modules were significantly enriched in pathways. The transcription factor-miRNA-gene network contains 2 transcription factors FOXO3 and MYBL2, and 2 miRNAs hsa-miR-21-5p and hsa-miR-30c-5p. RT-PCR validations showed that expression levels of FOXO3 and MYBL2 were significantly increased in AMI, and expression levels of hsa-miR-21–5p and hsa-miR-30c-5p were obviously decreased in AMI. Conclusion: A total of 41 DEGs, such as SOCS3, VAPA, and COL5A2, are speculated to have roles in the pathogenesis of AMI; 2 transcription factors FOXO3 and MYBL2, and 2 miRNAs hsa-miR-21-5p and hsa-miR-30c-5p may be involved in the regulation of the expression of these DEGs.
Sulfhydryl and Disulfide Content of Normal and Arsenic-Resistant Trypanosomes.∗

Summary Normal and arsenic-resistant strains of T. equiperdum do not differ significantly with respect to their sulfhydryl content, but the former shows a considerable surplus of disulfide groups. The sulfhydryl content of normal T. hippicum is not appreciably different from that of an arsenic-resistant strain, but the disulfide content of the arsenic-resistant strain is higher than that of the normal strain. It is concluded that these differences are not the cause of the resistance but may be rather the result of some cytological reconstitution which probably also gives rise to resistance. The sulfhydryl content is found to be of the same order as the degree of arsenic binding.
Multisensory processing in children with autism: high‐density electrical mapping of auditory–somatosensory integration

Successful integration of signals from the various sensory systems is crucial for normal sensory–perceptual functioning, allowing for the perception of coherent objects rather than a disconnected cluster of fragmented features. Several prominent theories of autism suggest that automatic integration is impaired in this population, but there have been few empirical tests of this thesis. A standard electrophysiological metric of multisensory integration (MSI) was used to test the integrity of auditory–somatosensory integration in children with autism (N=17, aged 6–16 years), compared to age‐ and IQ‐matched typically developing (TD) children. High‐density electrophysiology was recorded while participants were presented with either auditory or somatosensory stimuli alone (unisensory conditions), or as a combined auditory–somatosensory stimulus (multisensory condition), in randomized order. Participants watched a silent movie during testing, ignoring concurrent stimulation. Significant differences between neural responses to the multisensory auditory–somatosensory stimulus and the unisensory stimuli (the sum of the responses to the auditory and somatosensory stimuli when presented alone) served as the dependent measure. The data revealed group differences in the integration of auditory and somatosensory information that appeared at around 175 ms, and were characterized by the presence of MSI for the TD but not the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children. Overall, MSI was less extensive in the ASD group. These findings are discussed within the framework of current knowledge of MSI in typical development as well as in relation to theories of ASD.
CHEMICALLY DEFINED, SYNTHETIC MEDIA FOR SPORULATION AND FOR GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS

Donnellan, J. Edward, Jr. (U.S. Army Natick Laboratories, Natick, Mass.), Ella H. Nags, and Hillel S. Levinson. Chemically defined, synthetic media for sporulation and for germination and growth of Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 87:332–336. 1964. —From 90 to 130 mg (dry weight) of spores (about 1% dark forms) were obtained (per liter) from a chemically defined, synthetic medium, with a two-phase (polyethylene glycol-potassium phosphate) harvest procedure. Optimal sporulation occurred when glucose and glutamic acid were at a concentration of 10 mm in the medium. Ca++ and Mn++ were required for sporulation. Heat resistance, dipicolinic acid content, and properties of germination and postgerminative development of spores grown in different concentrations of Ca++ were investigated. Heat shock did not increase germination of spores derived from the synthetic medium. A synthetic medium, in which spore germination, emergence, and first cell division approached synchrony, was devised.
Epidemiological and genetic investigations of human-to-human transmission of zoonotic influenza viruses.

textabstractIn September 2013, leptospirosis was diagnosed in two Spanish travellers returning from Thailand. The first case walked in floodwater in the Phi Phi Islands in pouring rain: 20 days later he presented with fever and acute hepatitis. The second presented with fever and renal failure 17 days after visiting the islands. These cases remind clinicians to consider leptospirosis in febrile patients with a history of contact with flood or fresh water while travelling to tropical countries.
A role for SR proteins in plant stress responses

Members of the SR (serine/arginine-rich) protein gene family are key players in the regulation of alternative splicing, an important means of generating proteome diversity and regulating gene expression. In plants, marked changes in alternative splicing are induced by a wide variety of abiotic stresses, suggesting a role for this highly versatile gene regulation mechanism in the response to environmental cues. In support of this notion, the expression of plant SR proteins is stress-regulated at multiple levels, with environmental signals controlling their own alternative splicing patterns, phosphorylation status and subcellular distribution. Most importantly, functional links between these RNA-binding proteins and plant stress tolerance are beginning to emerge, including a role in the regulation of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Future identification of the physiological mRNA targets of plant SR proteins holds much promise for the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying their role in the response to abiotic stress.
Sexual development in malarial parasites: gametocyte production, fertility and infectivity to the mosquito vector

SUMMARY Using cloned lines of Plasmodium berghei producing mixed asexual and sexual (clone 234L) and purely asexual (clone 233L) parasitaemias, the courses of parasitaemia, gametocytogenesis, exflagellation, ookinete production in vitro and mosquito infectivity have been followed. For clone 234L mosquito infectivity is maximal at day 3 and has ceased by day 6 post-infection. Conversely, gametocytogenesis, exflagellation and ookinete production are at minimal levels at day 3 and rise to peaks between days 10 and 15 of infection (in TO mice infected with blood at mechanical blood passage 3). Sexual potential declines progressively with sustained mechanical passage (up to P14). Gametocyte conversion is highest early in infection and declines exponentially; however, upon each mechanical passage conversion is again raised but decreases more rapidly with succeeding passages. For practical mosquito transmission in the laboratory we consider P8 to be the useful limit for mechanical transmission for this parasite clone. Asexual parasite growth (virulence) is more rapid with increased mechanical passage inducing a rapid fall in haematocrit. By P14 the course of infection closely parallels that of the purely asexual clone 233L.
Thermoresponsive graphene oxide – starch micro/nanohydrogel composite as biocompatible drug delivery system

Introduction: Stimuli-responsive hydrogels, which indicate a significant response to the environmental change (e.g., pH, temperature, light, …), have potential applications for tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, cell therapy, artificial muscles, biosensors, etc. Among the temperature-responsive materials, poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) based hydrogels have been widely developed and their properties can be easily tailored by manipulating the properties of the hydrogel and the composite material. Graphene oxide (GO), as a multifunctional and biocompatible nanosheet, can efficiently improve the mechanical strength and response rate of PNIPAAm-based hydrogels. Here, hydrogel composites (HCs) of PNIPAAm with GO was developed using the modified starch as a biodegradable cross-linker. Methods: Micro/nanohydrogel composites were synthesized by free radical polymerization of NIPAAm in the suspension of different feed ratio of GO using maleate-modified starch (St-MA) as cross-linker and Tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPC) as a strong oxygen scavenger. The HCs were characterized by FT-IR, DSC, TGA, SEM, and DLS. Also, the phase transition, swelling/deswelling behavior, hemocompatibility and biocompatibility of the synthesized HCs were investigated. Results: The thermal stability, phase transition temperature and internal network crosslinking of HCs increases with increasing of the GO feed ratio. Also, the swelling/deswelling, hemolysis, and MTT assays studies confirmed that the HCs are a fast response, hemocompatible and biocompatible materials. Conclusion: The employed facile approach for the synthesis of HCs yields an intelligent material with great potential for biomedical applications.
AURP: An AUV-Aided Underwater Routing Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Deploying a multi-hop underwater acoustic sensor network (UASN) in a large area brings about new challenges in reliable data transmissions and survivability of network due to the limited underwater communication range/bandwidth and the limited energy of underwater sensor nodes. In order to address those challenges and achieve the objectives of maximization of data delivery ratio and minimization of energy consumption of underwater sensor nodes, this paper proposes a new underwater routing scheme, namely AURP (AUV-aided underwater routing protocol), which uses not only heterogeneous acoustic communication channels but also controlled mobility of multiple autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). In AURP, the total data transmissions are minimized by using AUVs as relay nodes, which collect sensed data from gateway nodes and then forward to the sink. Moreover, controlled mobility of AUVs makes it possible to apply a short-range high data rate underwater channel for transmissions of a large amount of data. To the best to our knowledge, this work is the first attempt to employ multiple AUVs as relay nodes in a multi-hop UASN to improve the network performance in terms of data delivery ratio and energy consumption. Simulations, which are incorporated with a realistic underwater acoustic communication channel model, are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme, and the results indicate that a high delivery ratio and low energy consumption can be achieved.
Events, actors and interaction of hybrid entities in virtual reality

To develop an interface to improve interaction, the first step is usually to explore the user's needs and perceptions. However, in our changing world, it is necessary to connect not only humans to the computer world, but also to develop interfaces for entities such as animals and plants. We have developed and tested some interfaces allowing us to study the effects of different kinds of interaction and how people change their perception of other virtual and living entities. These interfaces allow the user to have contact with other living beings, such as plants and animals, in unique ways that provide a better understanding of their "feelings". In the specific case of plants, this is achieved by transforming the measurement of changes in the soil where the plant is into humanly abstracted experiences, such as thirst, sadness and happiness. These events are processed and analyzed by a computer program that infers the current status of the plant so that this can be modeled like a FSM.One way to link the actions performed by the user with a desirable result in the virtual world is to effectively guess the user's needs and expectations. However, this is not always achieved. Tactile sensations, sounds and images can help us to immerse the user into our application, but in heterogeneous VR applications we need to include virtual references to connect all the entities in the Virtual world and change the way the user observes these entities. The following paper describes a Plant-Computer-Human interface involving a real and a virtual plant that was developed for VR and Art applications. We also describe the reactions of users to these applications.
Multiscale Analysis of Surface Topography from Single Point Incremental Forming using an Acetal Tool

Single point incremental forming (SPIF) is a sheet metal manufacturing process that forms a part by incrementally applying point loads to the material to achieve the desired deformations and final part geometry. This paper investigates the differences in surface topography between a carbide tool and an acetal-tipped tool. Area-scale analysis is performed on the confocal areal surface measurements per ASME B46. The objective of this paper is to determine at which scales surfaces formed by two different tool materials can be differentiated. It is found that the surfaces in contact with the acetal forming tool have greater relative areas at all scales greater than 5 × 104 μm2 than the surfaces in contact with the carbide tools. The surfaces not in contact with the tools during forming, also referred to as the free surface, are unaffected by the tool material.
IMMUNOINHIBITION OF INTRACELLULAR PROTEIN DIGESTION IN MACROPHAGES

Specific anti-(rabbit cathepsin D) serum, previously shown to inhibit cathepsin D, arrested the intracellular digestion of sheep IgG and radiochemically labeled hemoglobin and proteoglycan in rabbit alveolar macrophages. In the presence of antiserum, cells remained viable, but became very vacuolated. Both sheep IgG and hemoglobin were demonstrated immunocytochemically in vacuoles most of which could also be shown to contain cathepsin D. When the antiserum was removed, cells regained their normal morphology, and digestion of endocytosed proteins returned to normal. These results indicate that cathepsin D can be inhibited within lysosomes of viable cells, in which it plays a major role in the intracellular digestion of certain proteins.
GENERALIZED RADAR 4-COORDINATES AND EQUAL-TIME CAUCHY SURFACES FOR ARBITRARY ACCELERATED OBSERVERS

All existing 4-coordinate systems centered on the world-line of an accelerated observer are only locally defined, as for Fermi coordinates both in special and general relativity. As a consequence, it is not known how non-inertial observers can build equal-time surfaces which (a) correspond to a conventional observer-dependent definition of synchronization of distant clocks, and (b) are good Cauchy surfaces for Maxwell equations. Another type of coordinate singularities generating the same problems are those connected to the relativistic rotating coordinate systems used in the treatment of the rotating disk and the Sagnac effect. We show that the use of Hamiltonian methods based on 3+1 splittings of space–time allows one to define as many observer-dependent globally defined radar 4-coordinate systems as nice foliations of space–time with space-like hyper-surfaces admissible according to Moller (for instance, only the differentially rotating relativistic coordinate system, but not the rigidly rotating ones .
Estimation of biological mediums structure

The new technique of biological medium structure estimation based on optical diffraction filtration method is represented. Biological medium is considered as a superposition of cluster molecular structures. Depending on wavelength of probing optical radiation, during scattering the different particles participate which make a unique volume diffraction grating for each wavelength. The probing radiation characteristics variation allow to estimate the structure of the researched medium. Experiments on studying of coherent and not coherent optical radiation with biological media interaction have been carried out. The images of rabbits tissues, human tissues in vivo and fluoroplastic images were processed. For the first time scattered radiation image processing technique based on signal decomposition of the Hermite functions which are the eigenfunctions of Fourier transform was applied for such class of tasks. It has allowed to reveal in strongly scattered radiation a structural component. Estimating the characteristics of a structural component it is possible to receive geometrical parameters appropriate to probing radiation diffraction grating. The offered technique is perspective for studying biological molecular structures and creating tomographs of a new class.
Vitamin D in Chronic Kidney Disease and Dialysis Patients

Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) and insufficiency (20–29 ng/mL) are common among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or undergoing dialysis. In addition to nutritional and sunlight exposure deficits, factors that affect vitamin D deficiency include race, sex, age, obesity and impaired vitamin D synthesis and metabolism. Serum 1,25(OH)2D levels also decrease progressively because of 25(OH)D deficiency, together with impaired availability of 25(OH)D by renal proximal tubular cells, high fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 and decreased functional renal tissue. As in the general population, this condition is associated with increased morbidity and poor outcomes. Together with the progressive decline of serum calcitriol, vitamin D deficiency leads to secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) and its complications, tertiary hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia, which require surgical parathyroidectomy or calcimimetics. Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) and Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) experts have recognized that vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency should be avoided in CKD and dialysis patients by using supplementation to prevent SHPT. Many vitamin D supplementation regimens using either ergocalciferol or cholecalciferol daily, weekly or monthly have been reported. The benefit of native vitamin D supplementation remains debatable because observational studies suggest that vitamin D receptor activator (VDRA) use is associated with better outcomes and it is more efficient for decreasing the serum parathormone (PTH) levels. Vitamin D has pleiotropic effects on the immune, cardiovascular and neurological systems and on antineoplastic activity. Extra-renal organs possess the enzymatic capacity to convert 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH)2D. Despite many unanswered questions, much data support vitamin D use in renal patients. This article emphasizes the role of native vitamin D replacement during all-phases of CKD together with VDRA when SHPT persists.
Ultrafast near-field microscopy of single gold nanoparticles

We investigated near-field optical properties and images of single gold nanorods by using a near-field optical microscope. Observed transmission spectra show distinct transverse and longitudinal surface plasmon resonances. Transmission images observed near the surface plasmon resonances agree qualitatively with calculated maps of optical local density-of-states, and are assignable to plasmon wavefunctions. Ultrafast temporal responses in the single gold nanoparticles were observed by combining a near-field microscope with time-resolved techniques. Observed transient transmission images of the single nanorods show characteristic optical features, and are in good agreement with a calculated map of variation of local density of states arising from the elevation of electronic temperature in the nanorod induced by photoexcitation.
Promoting Different Kinds of Learners towards Active Learning in the Web-Based Environment

According to many recent studies the effect of learning style on academic performance has been found to be significant and mismatch between teaching and learning styles causes learning failure and frustration. Thus balancing the teaching style and the students' learning style is very important. When emphasizing the individual learning processes, web-based learning offers a good opportunity for differentiating ways of learning. So far the aim of this study is to describe different learners (categorized by cognitive learning styles) and their learning processes in relation to their learning outcomes and perceptions of learning experience on a web-based course. The results of the study showed that there were different kinds of learners, who utilized and experienced the learning material differently. The students varied both in their cognitive learning styles and in their learning processes, but not in the learning results, measured by grades. As an implication, some recommendations were presented for developing the web-based learning environment.
An integrated 6.2-11GHz SiGe inductorless injection locked frequency divider

Frequency synthesis in modern wireless transceivers requires high frequency, and for many circuit architectures, increased tuning range. In this work, a novel large-tuning range injection locked RF division integrated circuit is presented. The fabricated design operates from 6.2 GHz to 11 GHz. A benchmark Colpitts divider was fabricated on the same silicon. At a 10 kHz offset from the carrier, the inductorless divider has a measured phase noise of -112 dBc/Hz and consumes 17.5 mW from a 3.3 V supply, whereas the Colpitts divider has a measured phase noise of -107 dBc/Hz and consumes 11.7 mW from a 3 V supply. The new architecture also reduces the dependence on quality factor of integrated components for LC-resonant structures by utilizing transistor and layout parasitics at the frequencies of interest. The new inductorless injection locked divider has a very flat output power characteristic over the division range.