Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scientific and technological regimes in nanotechnology. Combinatorial inventors and performance

Academics and policy makers are questioning about the relation between science and technology in the emerging field of nano science and technology (NST) and the effectiveness of different institutional regimes. We analyze the performance of inventors in the NST using multiple indicators. We clustered patents in three groups according to the scientific curricula of the inventors. The first two groups are composed by patents whose inventors respectively are all authors of at least one scientific publication in the NST and none of then has obtained a scientific publication in that field. Thirdly, we isolated those patents that have at least one inventor, who is also author of at least one scientific publication in the NST. The underlining presumption of this classification is that of a proxy of different institutional search regimes of the inventive activity; pure academic research, pure industrial R&D, and academic-industrial research partnerships.
The Use of Technology in Vestibular Rehabilitation and Balance Assessment

Background study 1: Individuals with vestibular disorders usually complain of dizziness and visual vertigo in visually complex environments. Habituation exercises using visually provocative stimuli have been shown to be useful during vestibular rehabilitation. Virtual reality based therapy (VRBT) is an emerging technology that can be used in vestibular rehabilitation to provide visual habituation exercises for individuals with vestibular disorders. The purpose of the study was to explore the use of VRBT in the treatment of individuals with vestibular disorders and to examine the difference in self report and performance measures between VRBT and customized physical therapy (PT). Methods: Forty subjects with vestibular disorders participated in the study; subjects were assigned into two groups (VRBT or PT). Both groups had six treatment sessions for six weeks, and were assessed using self-report and performance measures. Results: Both groups improved similarly in most of self-report and performance measures and maintained improvements for six months after the intervention ended. Background study 2: Falling is a risk factor associated with vestibular disorders that can impact quality of life and reduce participation in daily life. Falling can be caused by a decline in function of sensory inputs associated with aging. Measuring sensory control during standing may help to investigate age and vestibular disease effects on balance. The Balance Rehabilitation Unit (BRU) utilizes high technology in balance assessment. The psychometric properties of the BRU including the reliability and validity have not been studied. The purpose of study 2 was to examine the reliability and validity of the BRU in the assessment of people with and without vestibular disorders. Methods: Ninety subjects (30 young healthy, 30 older healthy over 60 years of age, 30 individuals with vestibular disorders) participated in this study. Results: The BRU provided a reliable and valid measure for measuring the sensory contributions to postural control for healthy persons and people with vestibular disorders and was able to discriminate age and disease effect on balance.
Climate Determinism Revisited: Multiple Equilibria in a Complex Climate Model

Multiple equilibria in a coupled ocean‐atmosphere‐sea ice general circulation model (GCM) of an aquaplanet with many degrees of freedom are studied. Three different stable states are found for exactly the same set of parameters and external forcings: a cold state in which a polar sea ice cap extends into the midlatitudes; a warm state, which is ice free; and a completely sea ice‐covered ‘‘snowball’’ state. Although low-orderenergybalancemodelsoftheclimateareknowntoexhibitintransitivity(i.e.,morethanoneclimate state for a given set of governing equations), the results reported here are the first to demonstrate that this is a property of a complex coupled climate model with a consistent set of equations representing the 3D dynamics of the ocean and atmosphere. The coupled model notably includes atmospheric synoptic systems, large-scalecirculationoftheocean,afullyactivehydrologicalcycle,seaice,andaseasonalcycle.Thereareno fluxadjustments, with the systembeingsolelyforcedby incomingsolar radiationat thetop ofthe atmosphere. It is demonstratedthat the multiple equilibriaowe theirexistence to the presence of meridional structurein ocean heat transport: namely, a large heat transport out of the tropics and a relatively weak high-latitude transport. The associated large midlatitude convergence of ocean heat transport leads to a preferred latitude at which the sea ice edge can rest. The mechanism operates in two very different ocean circulation regimes, suggestingthatthestabilizationofthelargeicecapcouldbearobustfeatureoftheclimatesystem.Finally,the role of ocean heat convergence in permitting multiple equilibria is further explored in simpler models: an atmospheric GCM coupled to a slab mixed layer ocean and an energy balance model.
Antitumor Activity of Total Flavonoids from Daphne genkwa in Colorectal Cancer

Daphne genkwa Sieb.et Zucc. is a well‐known medicinal plant. This study was designed to investigate the anticancer effects of total flavonoids in D. genkwa (TFDG) in vitro and in vivo. HT‐29 and SW‐480 human colorectal cancer cells were cultured to investigate the anticancer activity of TFDG. In addition, the ApcMin/+ mouse model was applied in the in vivo experiment. Results of the cell experiment revealed that TFDG possessed significant inhibitory effects on HT‐29 and SW‐480 human colorectal cancer cells (both p < 0.01). Furthermore, our in vivo data showed that after treatment with TFDG, there was a significant increase in life span (both p < 0.01) and tumor numbers were reduced in the colon (both p < 0.01), which was supported by the data of tumor distribution, body weight changes and organ index. Our results also indicated that expressions of interleukin (IL)‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor in gut tissue were downregulated by treatments of TFDG, and immunity cytokine secretions in the serum were regulated after oral administration of TFDG. Taken together, these findings suggested that TFDG has a potential clinical utility in colorectal cancer therapeutics, and TFDG's action is likely linked to its ability to regulate immune function and inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying Welfare Effects from Subjective Questions

The authors argue that the welfare inferences drawn from subjective answers to questions on qualitative surveys are clouded by concerns about the structure of measurement errors and how latent psychological factors influence observed respondent characteristics. They propose a panel data model to high-quality panel data for Russia for 1994-96, they find that some results widely reported in past studies of subjective well-being appear to be robust but others do not. Household income, for example, is a highly significant predictor of self-rated economic welfare; per capita income is a weaker predictor. Ill health and loss of a job reduce self-reported economic welfare; per capita income is a weaker predictor. Ill health and loss of a job reduce self-reported economic welfare, but demographic effects are weak at a given current income. And the effects of unemployment is not robust. Returning to work does not restore a sense of welfare unless there is an income gain. The results imply that even transient unemployment brings the feeling of a permanent welfare loss, suggesting that high unemployment benefits do not attract people out of work but do discourage a return to work.
PelVis: Atlas-based Surgical Planning for Oncological Pelvic Surgery

Due to the intricate relationship between the pelvic organs and vital structures, such as vessels and nerves, pelvic anatomy is often considered to be complex to comprehend. In oncological pelvic surgery, a trade-off has to be made between complete tumor resection and preserving function by preventing damage to the nerves. Damage to the autonomic nerves causes undesirable post-operative side-effects such as fecal and urinal incontinence, as well as sexual dysfunction in up to 80 percent of the cases. Since these autonomic nerves are not visible in pre-operative MRI scans or during surgery, avoiding nerve damage during such a surgical procedure becomes challenging. In this work, we present visualization methods to represent context, target, and risk structures for surgical planning. We employ distance-based and occlusion management techniques in an atlas-based surgical planning tool for oncological pelvic surgery. Patient-specific pre-operative MRI scans are registered to an atlas model that includes nerve information. Through several interactive linked views, the spatial relationships and distances between the organs, tumor and risk zones are visualized to improve understanding, while avoiding occlusion. In this way, the surgeon can examine surgically relevant structures and plan the procedure before going into the operating theater, thus raising awareness of the autonomic nerve zone regions and potentially reducing post-operative complications. Furthermore, we present the results of a domain expert evaluation with surgical oncologists that demonstrates the advantages of our approach.
Probabilistic Databases : Where and How

Modern enterprise applications are forced to deal with unreliable, inconsistent and imprecise information in applications like search or business-intelligence. We propose here to use a probabilistic database to model such imprecisions and support complex, top-k SQL queries with ranked answers. We model all types of imprecisions as probabilistic data and evaluate SQL using a probabilistic semantics. We make two important contributions to the management of imprecise and probabilistic data. First, we describe a new and simple probabilistic data model, which can express arbitrarily complex correlations, and illustrate its usefulness in three applications: fuzzy object matches, information extracted from unstructured text, and managing human activity recognition data derived from sensor data. Second, we describe an entirely new approach to top-k query evaluation on probabilistic data, consisting of several parallel MonteCarlo simulations, and several pruning techniques that can be pushed inside the database engine. We demonstrate experimentally the effectiveness of our techniques on data from all three classes of applications.
Hebei Economic Development Countermeasures Study Under the Background of Jingjinji Integration

As a populous province of Hebei, it should enhance its level of development in order to achieve the sound and rapid economic development in the province. But in the actual development, Hebei province did not make full use of the geographic location near the Bohai, Beijing and Tianjin, which leads to large economic differences with Beijing and Tianjin. In recent years, with the regional economic development, Jingjinji integration is becoming a trend, which could better promote the harmonious development of regional economy, and better enhance the quality of the economic development in Beijing and Tianjin. This paper, under the background of Jingjinji integration, finds the problems in the economic development of Hebei province. Then it could make a more scientific development countermeasures, and ultimately achieve rapid economic progress in Hebei Province. KeywordsJingjinji integration; Regional economy; Hebei Province; Economic development; Countermeasure analysis
Molecular Determinants of Picrotoxin Inhibition of 5-Hydroxytryptamine Type 3 Receptors

Previously, we reported that the GABAA receptor antagonist picrotoxin also antagonizes serotonin (5-HT)3 receptors and that its effects are subunit-dependent. Here, we sought to identify amino acids involved in picrotoxin inhibition of 5-HT3 receptors. Mutation of serine to alanine at the transmembrane domain 2 (TM2) 2′ position did not affect picrotoxin (PTX) sensitivity in murine 5-HT3A receptors. However, mutation of the 6′ TM2 threonine to phenylalanine dramatically reduced PTX sensitivity. Mutation of 6′ asparagine to threonine in the 5-HT3B subunit enhanced PTX sensitivity in heteromeric 5-HT3A/3B receptors. Introduction of serine (native to the human 3B subunit) at the 6′ position also increased PTX sensitivity, suggesting a species-specific effect. Mutation of the 7′ leucine to threonine in 5-HT3A receptors increased PTX sensitivity roughly 10-fold, comparable with that observed in GABAA receptors, and also conferred distinct gating kinetics. The equivalent mutation in the 3B subunit (i.e., 7′ valine to threonine) had no impact on PTX sensitivity in 5-HT3A/3B receptors. Interestingly, [3H]ethynylbicycloorthobenzoate ([3H]EBOB), a high-affinity ligand to the convulsant site in GABAA receptors, did not exhibit specific binding in 5-HT3A receptors. The structurally related compound, tert-butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS), which potently inhibits GABAA receptors, did not inhibit 5-HT3 currents. Our results indicate that the TM2 6′ residue is a common determinant of PTX inhibition of both 5-HT3 and GABAA receptors and demonstrate a role of the 7′ residue in PTX inhibition. However, lack of effects of EBOB and TBPS in 5-HT3A receptors suggests that the functional domains in the two receptors are not equivalent and underscores the complexity of PTX modulation of LGICs.
Actor-Network Theory and the Online Investor

An actor-network analysis of the way in which online investors use Internet-based services has revealed a phenomenon that is not commonly reported in actor-network theory research. An aspect of the research that emerged from interviews of a wide range of online investors is a peculiar effect of changes in non-human actors on the human actors. In this paper, the authors report on the particular case and postulate that this effect may be found, if looked for, in many other actor-network theory applications.
Diagnosing Temporal Misbehavior

and S are a start state and a start symbol, respectively. ) is activated by a reducel or reduce2 action, and this processor reads the terminal symbol (the end mark), by a shift action, then the input string is accepted. If there are no processors performing a shift and a reducel action, the input string is rejected. 4.3 Handling Syntactic Features In order to extend the syntactic analysis method of 4.2 so that it can handle syntactic features, reduced information is improved as follows: [Definition 1] reduced information: Reduced information is defined as where sc means a list of SC features which has the form The reducing table is also extended for the newly defined reduced information. Table 1 shows the extended reducing table. By handling these syntactic features, a reduce2 action follows the constraints: Constraints for a reduce2 action • Inhibition of duplicated reference: In performing reduce2 actions, if an element of SC in reduced information is in agreement with the GR component of a DAG node, the element is marked with V. If, during a reduce2 action, a GR component , which matches a marked element is found, the reduce2 action aborts. • Inhibition of wrong type reference: If, during a reduce2 action, a GR component does not match any element of SC in reduced information, the reduce2 action aborts. As mentioned above, the syntactic analysis is allowed to handle an unrestricted word order by using SC features as a list, since GR is not attached to PS. This method is also adopted by JPSG[Gun87 ]. In figure 5, the parsing of Japanese sentence Watashi ha Kare ni Australia ni Iku to Itta(I told him that I would go to Australia.) is shown as an example. The form of the DAG node used in this example is The fs has the form where means optional. No marked SC feature means a gap(missing constituent). In the figure, sbj which is a SC feature of the verb Iku, stands for a gap. The reduction by with both and failed because obj2 is not in agreement with any subcategorization elements in the list Reference table boole Entry table i reduced information Table 1: A reducing table assigned to a DAG node dn 5 Conclusion We proposed a coordinated parallel processing method for morphological and syntactic analyses of Japanese language. The proposed parallel parser is extended from the previous parser[MiTaAm90b ] so that …
The simulating social mind: the role of the mirror neuron system and simulation in the social and communicative deficits of autism spectrum disorders.

The mechanism by which humans perceive others differs greatly from how humans perceive inanimate objects. Unlike inanimate objects, humans have the distinct property of being “like me” in the eyes of the observer. This allows us to use the same systems that process knowledge about self-performed actions, self-conceived thoughts, and self-experienced emotions to understand actions, thoughts, and emotions in others. The authors propose that internal simulation mechanisms, such as the mirror neuron system, are necessary for normal development of recognition, imitation, theory of mind, empathy, and language. Additionally, the authors suggest that dysfunctional simulation mechanisms may underlie the social and communicative deficits seen in individuals with autism spectrum disorders.
28 GHz indoor channel measurements and modelling in laboratory environment using directional antennas

The millimeter-wave band will be one of the key components for the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems. A radio channel measurement was conducted at 28 GHz in a laboratory environment. Two horn antennas were used with a vector network analyzer. The transmitter antenna was fixed in one direction while the receiver antenna was rotated 360° in azimuth in the measurement. The space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization algorithm was utilized for the rotated directional antenna scenario to estimate channel parameters of multipath components. Power delay profile, power angle profile and root mean square delay spread were obtained from the measured results. The Saleh-Valenzuela model was used to characterize the measured channel and the intra-cluster parameters were extracted.
Performance of Transport Control Protocol Over Dynamic Spectrum Access Links

Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) radio devices look for temporarily unoccupied frequency bands and attempt to communicate in them. It is envisioned that DSA can substantially increase the capacity of wireless networks by broadening the utilization of radio resources. Given the ubiquitous use of Internet's Transport Control Protocol (TCP), it can be expected that TCP will be used in DSA networks in the future. Whether TCP can efficiently provide stable end-to-end transmissions over DSA links, given their dynamic and unpredictable nature, remained unclear. Therefore, we have studied by simulation the ability of various TCP flavors to efficiently utilize DSA links. We have performed simulations using the TCP stack from the Linux operating system. Our simulations show that modern TCPs can efficiently make use of the dynamic capacity of DSA links for bulk data transmission, under a wide range of conditions, but only if certain requirements are met. We also analytically determine the effect of Primary User (PU) detection errors on TCP performance and conclude that the dominating component responsible for TCP throughput reduction in a DSA environment is the observation time, not, as one might expect, PU detection errors.
Topic-Centered Multi-Level Representations for Text Retrieval

Motivation: The amount of information widely available in electronic form is growing at an enormous rate. It is generally accepted that this holds great promise for applications as diverse as basic research, news, entertainment, and on-line social communities. Generally useful techniques for sifting through this mostly unstructured st ffare in great demand, as can be seen by the proliferation of web-based search engines.
Bayesian Forecasting and Prediction of Tacrolimus Concentrations in Pediatric Liver and Adult Renal Transplant Recipients

Aim To test the predictive capacity of two recently derived population pharmacokinetic models and the usefulness of Bayesian forecasting to predict tacrolimus blood concentrations in pediatric liver and adult kidney transplant recipients. Materials and Methods New databases were added to the Abbottbase PKS (Bayesian dosage prediction) program to incorporate the population pharmacokinetic models developed for tacrolimus. Two independent populations of transplant recipients were used to predict tacrolimus trough concentrations. Pharmacokinetic, demographic, and covariate data were collected from patient records. Different time weighting factors were tested (1, 1.005, 1.01) and the influence of excluding data collected in the first 5 days post-transplant examined. Concentrations were predicted until the 10th tacrolimus measurement. Actual tacrolimus concentrations were compared with those predicted by the PKS program and bias and precision determined. Results Tacrolimus concentrations predicted by the PKS program were, on average, unbiased for the pediatric liver population, but were over-predicted (9%) for the adult renal population. In both populations predictions were not precise (imprecision ranged from 39 to 50%). Conclusions Due to the imprecision seen in this study, these models could not be used in clinical practice in the immediate post-transplant period. Poor precision may be due to reliance on routine drug monitoring data alone, difficulties with expression of covariates in continuous modeling relationships in the PKS program, lack of accurate quantitative measures of liver function, or large, random intraindividual variability in the bioavailability of tacrolimus.
Factors affecting biomass attachment during startup and operation of anaerobic fluidized beds

Three anaerobic fluidized bed reactors at 37°C were utilized to observe the effects of startup and operational procedures on biomass attachment. Using a meat‐based synthetic waste and stepped‐loading regime, the influences of synthetic polymer addition and maintenance of anaerobiosis during startup were investigated. Subsequently, increasing bed expansions were applied to assess shear effects. Synthetic polymer addition enhanced biomass retention but did not improve process performance. Maintenance of a reduced environment ameliorated fluctuating process parameters during start up and aided biomass retention and substrate removal. A bed expansion of 5% was detrimental to biomass attachment and COD removal but system stability was maintained at expansions between 10% and 30%. Startup was achieved in 56 days. Anaerobiosis appeared to enhance the initial evolution of a stable, well‐adapted microbial population, whereas polymer addition interfered with this. Moderate bed expansions had negligible effects on attachment and performance.