Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Pathological Significance of Mesangial C1q Deposition in Kidney Transplant Recipients with Recurrent IgA Nephropathy and Patients with Native IgA Nephropathy

Introduction: In kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) whose primary disease is IgA nephropathy (IgAN), IgAN recurrence occurs in approximately half of patients by 5 years postoperatively and is associated with graft survival. Although the alternative and lectin pathways are important in the primary pathogenesis of IgAN, the significance of mesangial C1q deposition, which triggers the classical pathway, is unknown. We investigated the clinicopathological significance of mesangial C1q deposition in both recurrent IgAN in KTRs and native IgAN. Methods: Between 2000 and 2021, we conducted a 1:2 matched case-control study of 18 KTRs diagnosed with recurrent IgAN, with a group of native IgAN patients as the control. We evaluated the rate and presence/absence of mesangial C1q deposition in terms of pathological findings and kidney outcomes in each group. Results: The rate of mesangial C1q deposition was significantly higher in the recurrent IgAN patients in KTRs than in native IgAN patients (11/18 [61.1%] vs. 5/36 [13.9%], p = 0.001). In the former group, the incidence of glomerular crescents was relatively higher in C1q-positive patients. There was no significant difference in the annual rate of estimated glomerular filtration rate decline between C1q-positive and C1q-negative patients in either group. Conclusion: Mesangial C1q deposition was more frequent in KTRs with recurrent IgAN than in patients with native IgAN, but we found no difference in kidney outcomes with respect to mesangial C1q deposition. Further large-scale investigations of the importance of mesangial C1q deposition are needed in both KTRs with recurrent IgAN and patients with native IgAN.
Using Linear Programming to Decode LDPC Codes

The basic principles of linear programming algorithm for the maximum likelihood decoding of LDPC codes are analyzed,and the ways to construct the codeword polytope based on the factor graph expression of parity check matrix of LDPC codes are described.Since these descriptions are too complex with redundancy,a simplified constraint description is introduced hereafter.Derived from the fact that the code word must be subordinate to check equations,an optimized model based on syndrome is obtained for the maximum likelihood decoding of LDPC codes.
Defuzzification through a Bi-Symmetrical Weighted Function

In this endeavor, the researchers discuss the problem of defuzzification by minimizing the weighted distance between two fuzzy quantities. Also, this study obtains the nearest point with respect to a fuzzy number and shows that this point is unique relative to the weighted distance. By utilizing this point, a method is presented for effectively ranking various fuzzy numbers and their images to overcome the deficiencies of the previous techniques. Finally, several numerical examples following the procedure indicate the ranking results to be valid.
Five-year safety of tildrakizumab in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis from two phase 3 trials (reSURFACE 1 and reSURFACE 2): number needed to harm for occurrence of adverse events of special interest

Abstract Background Five-year tildrakizumab safety data have been reported as exposure-adjusted incidence rates (EAIRs) of patients with events per 100 patient-years (PYs) of exposure. Objectives To present 5-year safety data from reSURFACE 1/2 phase 3 trials as EAIRs of events per 100 PYs of exposure, and the number needed to harm (NNH) for one adverse event of special interest (AESI) to occur. Methods Pooled analysis from two randomized controlled trials in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis (n = 1800). PSOLAR registry was used as safety reference data for NNH estimation. Results Rates of AESI with tildrakizumab were comparable with rates reported in PSOLAR. The NNH for one-year severe infection occurrence was 412 with tildrakizumab 200 mg, and negative for tildrakizumab 100 mg due to lower rates in reSURFACE trials; the NNH for malignancy was 990 for one year with tildrakizumab 100 mg (negative for tildrakizumab 200 mg); and the NNH for major adverse cardiovascular events was 355 for one year with tildrakizumab 200 mg (negative for tildrakizumab 100 mg). Conclusion Tildrakizumab demonstrated a favorable safety profile over 5 years with low rates of AESI, comparable to those of the PSOLAR. Consequently, the NNH for AESI with tildrakizumab were very high or negative due to lower event rates for tildrakizumab.
Contactless evaluation of rigidity in Parkinson's disease by machine vision and machine learning

Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; GYENNO SCIENCE CO., LTD., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China; HUST-GYENNO CNS Intelligent Digital Medicine Technology Center, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China.
Idiosyncratic media exposures during a pandemic and their link to well-being, cognition, and behavior over time

Significance During the early onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, information about the novel coronaviruses’ threat permeated the news-media sphere. Over time, however, messaging and analysis of the threat began to fracture across the media landscape as pandemic mitigation efforts became politicized and experts weighed in on the emerging data on transmission and risk. We show how the media channels people relied on for COVID-related information at the onset of the pandemic are linked with distress, belief in the seriousness of the threat, and efficacy of mitigation efforts, as well as health-protective and risk-taking behaviors 6 mo later. Our results reveal that news consumers should broaden their media diets to included reputable news sources to form a better understanding of novel threats.
Hansen-Jagannathan Bounds as Classical Tests of Asset-Pricing Models

In this article, tests of the implications of consumption-based asset-pricing models are developed. Four of these tests are based on variance bounds for intertemporal marginal rates of substitution introduced by L. P. Hansen and R. Jagannathan. The tests provide one means of quantifying the effects of sampling error when the bounds are used as a diagnostic device. The tests are used to construct confidence regions for the parameters of an asset-pricing model using U.S. data. Monte Carlo simulation is used to determine the small-sample properties of the tests.
An Entropy-Based Estimation of Noise Variance in Wavelet Domain

A new approach with entropy inspection in wavelet domain is proposed for estimation of the variance of Gaussian noise in images.With advantage of wavelet transform,the entropy of image signal degrades notably with the Gaussian noise entropy unchanging.It denotes that the noise entropy value varies with the noise levels in manner of logarithm.The relation between the entropy values of the noisy image wavelet coefficients and the noise levels is traversed in quantitative form.A formula is given to depict this functional relation.Experiment indicates that such a relation is robust to images.A noise estimation is thus made with the entropy inspection of the noisy image in wavelet domain and the established formula as apriori knowledge.Meanwhile,a simulation shows that the proposed approach can achieve more exact value while little influenced by image details.
Invasive and noninvasive markers of human skeletal muscle mitochondrial function

Mitochondria are organelles that fuel cellular energy requirements by ATP formation via aerobic metabolism. Given the wide variety of methods to assess skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity, we tested how well different invasive and noninvasive markers of skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity reflect mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized muscle fibers. Nineteen young men (mean age: 24 ± 4 years) were recruited, and a muscle biopsy was collected to determine mitochondrial respiration from permeabilized muscle fibers and to quantify markers of mitochondrial capacity, content such as citrate synthase (CS) activity, mitochondrial DNA copy number, TOMM20, VDAC, and protein content for complex I–V of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. Additionally, all participants underwent noninvasive assessments of mitochondrial capacity: PCr recovery postexercise (by 31P‐MRS), maximal aerobic capacity, and gross exercise efficiency by cycling exercise. From the invasive markers, Complex V protein content and CS activity showed the strongest concordance (Rc = 0.50 to 0.72) with ADP‐stimulated coupled mitochondrial respiration, fueled by various substrates. Complex V protein content showed the strongest concordance (Rc = 0.72) with maximally uncoupled mitochondrial respiration. From the noninvasive markers, gross exercise efficiency, VO2max, and PCr recovery exhibited concordance values between 0.50 and 0.77 with ADP‐stimulated coupled mitochondrial respiration. Gross exercise efficiency showed the strongest concordance with maximally uncoupled mitochondrial respiration (Rc = 0.67). From the invasive markers, Complex V protein content and CS activity are surrogates that best reflect skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity. From the noninvasive markers, exercise efficiency and PCr recovery postexercise most closely reflect skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity.
Laue crystallography: coming of age

A renewed interest in the Laue diffraction technique has been brought about by the development of new, more intense and brilliant synchrotron sources along with their insertion devices such as wigglers and undulators, and by the prospect of using these sources to study structural dynamics by time-resolved crystallography. Theoretical studies during the past decade have identified unique features of the polychromatic diffraction geometry and greatly improved our understanding of the Laue method. This led to innovative approaches to Laue data processing and its software implementation. Most of the problems in Laue data processing, considered for a long time to limit the applicability of the technique, have been solved. Significant advances have also been made in the development of synchrotron sources, beamline optics and instrumentation, and the X-ray detectors. Static Laue experiments yield structure amplitudes that equal those from monochromatic data in quality. When coupled with careful consideration of data-collection strategies and reaction initiation in crystals, a series of successful time-resolved Laue experiments on biological systems have been conducted. These have revealed information on structural dynamics inaccessible to any other conventional diffraction method. These static and time-resolved experiments demonstrate that the Laue method is coming of age. They also suggest avenues for future improvements: a correct treatment of finite mosaic spread and the associated energy width of Laue spots; consideration of diffuse scattering; and determination of intermediate structures in time-resolved experiments in which those intermediates do not attain a high concentration.
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi uses two type 3 secretion systems to replicate in human macrophages and colonize humanized mice

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) is a human-restricted pathogen that replicates in macrophages. In this study, we investigated the roles of the S. Typhi type 3 secretion systems (T3SSs) encoded on Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPI)-1 (T3SS-1) and SPI-2 (T3SS-2) during human macrophage infection. We found that mutants of S. Typhi deficient for both T3SSs were defective for intramacrophage replication as measured by flow cytometry, viable bacterial counts, and live time-lapse microscopy. T3SS-secreted proteins PipB2 and SifA contributed to S. Typhi replication and were translocated into the cytosol of human macrophages through both T3SS-1 and T3SS-2, demonstrating functional redundancy for these secretion systems. Importantly, an S. Typhi mutant strain that is deficient for both T3SS-1 and T3SS-2 was severely attenuated in the ability to colonize systemic tissues in a humanized mouse model of typhoid fever. Overall, this study establishes a critical role for S. Typhi T3SSs during its replication within human macrophages and during systemic infection of humanized mice. IMPORTANCE Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a human-restricted pathogen that causes typhoid fever. Understanding the key virulence mechanisms that facilitate S. Typhi replication in human phagocytes will enable rational vaccine and antibiotic development to limit the spread of this pathogen. While S. Typhimurium replication in murine models has been studied extensively, there is limited information available about S. Typhi replication in human macrophages, some of which directly conflict with findings from S. Typhimurium murine models. This study establishes that both of S. Typhi’s two type 3 secretion systems (T3SS-1 and T3SS-2) contribute to intramacrophage replication and virulence. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a human-restricted pathogen that causes typhoid fever. Understanding the key virulence mechanisms that facilitate S. Typhi replication in human phagocytes will enable rational vaccine and antibiotic development to limit the spread of this pathogen. While S. Typhimurium replication in murine models has been studied extensively, there is limited information available about S. Typhi replication in human macrophages, some of which directly conflict with findings from S. Typhimurium murine models. This study establishes that both of S. Typhi’s two type 3 secretion systems (T3SS-1 and T3SS-2) contribute to intramacrophage replication and virulence.
Intratumor heterogeneity in colorectal cancer: Distribution of tumor suppressor gene variants with regard to patient lymph node status

Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) results from accumulation of somatic mutations in the fractions of successive cancer cell generations. We aimed to use deep sequencing to investigate ITH in colorectal tumors with particular emphasis on variants in oncogenes (ONC) and tumor suppressor genes (TSG). Samples were collected from 16 patients with colorectal cancer and negative or positive lymph node status (n = 8 each). We deep‐sequenced a panel of 56 cancer‐related genes in the central and peripheral locations of T3 size primary tumors and healthy mucosa. The central region of T3 tumors has a different frequency profile and composition of genetic variants. This mutation profile is capable of independently discriminating patients with different lymph node status (p = 0.028) in the central region. We noted an increasing number of mutations outside of the central region of the tumor and a higher number of mutations in tumors from node‐positive patients. Unexpectedly, in the healthy mucosa, we identified somatic mutations with variant allele frequencies, characteristic not only of heterozygotes and homozygotes but also of other discrete peaks (e.g., around 10%, 20%), suggestive of clonal expansion of certain mutant alleles. We found differences in the distribution of variant allele frequencies in TSGs when comparing node‐negative and node‐positive tumors (p = 0.029), as well as central and peripheral regions (p = 0.00399). TSGs may play an important role in the escape of the tumor toward metastatic colonization.
The Prognostic Significance of Nomogram-Based Pretreatment Inflammatory Indicators in Patients With Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Receiving Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy

Background At present, there is no objective prognostic index available for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who underwent intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). This study is to develop a nomogram based on hematologic inflammatory indices for ESCC patients treated with IMRT. Methods 581 patients with ESCC receiving definitive IMRT were enrolled in our retrospective study. Of which, 434 patients with treatment-naïve ESCC in Fujian Cancer Hospital were defined as the training cohort. Additional 147 newly diagnosed ESCC patients were used as the validation cohort. Independent predictors of overall survival (OS) were employed to establish a nomogram model. The predictive ability was evaluated by time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves, the concordance index (C-index), net reclassification index (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to assess the clinical benefits of the nomogram model. The entire series was divided into 3 risk subgroups stratified by the total nomogram scores. Results Clinical TNM staging, primary gross tumor volume, chemotherapy, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet lymphocyte ratio were independent predictors of OS. Nomogram was developed incorporating these factors. Compared with the 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging, the C-index for 5-year OS (.627 and .629) and the AUC value of 5-year OS (.706 and .719) in the training and validation cohorts (respectively) were superior. Furthermore, the nomogram model presented higher NRI and IDI. DCA also demonstrated that the nomogram model provided greater clinical benefit. Finally, patients with <84.8, 84.8-151.4, and >151.4 points were categorized into low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk groups. Their 5-year OS rates were 44.0%, 23.6%, and 8.9%, respectively. The C-index was . 625, which was higher than the 8th AJCC staging. Conclusions We have developed a nomogram model that enables risk-stratification of patients with ESCC receiving definitive IMRT. Our findings may serve as a reference for personalized treatment.
LINK CONNECTIVITY- A NEW APPROACH TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF ISOMORPHISM AND INVERSIONS OF PLANNAR KINEMATIC CHAINS/MECHANISMS

Structure of a kinematic chain is based on the unde rstanding of its function. The structure of a kinematic chain is defined by the number and type of links, the number and type of joints, the connectivity of links and joints and the locati ons of fixed link and input links. One of the most important steps in the study of the structural aspect of kinematic chains is the determination of all possible structurally distinct kinematic chains with a given number of links, joints and degrees-of-freedom. This requires development of a reliable and efficient method for detecting isomorphism between two kinema tic chains. If it is possible to find out a sequence of structural invariants which may uniquel y identify a kinematic chain, the problem of isomorphism can be considered and solved. Variou s methods on the detection of isomorphism are available in the literature. In the proposed method, the connectivity of links in a kinematic chain at different levels is used to detect isomorphism and inversions. The method has been applied to eight-links-one-degree-o f-freedom and nine links-two-degree-offreedom planar kinematic chains. The results are in accordance with those available in literature. The method is capable to detect distinc t inversions along the isomorphic kinematic chains without extra effort.
Happiness: Revising Set-Point Theory and Dynamic Equilibrium Theory to Account for Long Term Change

An adequate theory of happiness or subjective well-being (SWB) needs to link at least three sets of variables: stable person characteristics (including personality traits), life events and measures of well-being (life satisfaction, positive affects) and ill-being (anxiety, depression, negative affects). It also needs to be based on long term data in order to account for long term change in SWB. By including personality measures in the 2005 survey, SOEP becomes the first available dataset to provide long term evidence about personality, life events and change in one key measure of SWB, namely life satisfaction. Using these data, the paper suggests a major revision the set point or dynamic equilibrium theory of SWB in order to account for long term change (Brickman and Campbell, 1971; Costa and McCrae, 1980; Headey and Wearing, 1989; Lykken and Tellegen, 1996). Previously, theory focused on evidence that individuals have their own equilibrium level set point of SWB and revert to that equilibrium once the psychological impact of major life events has dissipated. But the new SOEP panel data show that small but non-trivial minorities record substantial and apparently permanent upward or downward changes in SWB. The paper aims to explain why most people's SWB levels do not change, but why a minority do. The main new result, which must be regarded as highly tentative until replicated, is that the people most likely to record large changes in life satisfaction are those who score high on the personality traits of extraversion (E) and/or neuroticism (N) and/or openness to experience (O). These people in a sense 'roll the dice' more often than others and so have a higher than average probability of recording long term changes in life satisfaction. Data come from the 2843 SOEP respondents who rated their life satisfaction every year from 1985 onwards and then also completed a set of questions about their personality in 2005.
Large eddy simulation of a light gas stratification break-up by an entraining turbulent fountain

ABSTRACT The erosion process of a stably stratified light gas layer by a vertical turbulent fountain of denser fluid inside a generic containment – for which experimental reference data are available – is studied computationally using large eddy simulation (LES). In addition, various Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) models are applied aiming at a comparative assessment of different computational approaches for the considered case. With the LES methodology included into the present modelling study, a novelty to date is established for fountain-stratification interaction inside generic containments. The high Reynolds number RANS models applied in the framework of this study include both the realisable k–ϵ eddy viscosity model (EVM) as well as the basic Reynolds stress model (RSM). Furthermore, we show that certain regimes of the present configuration can be predicted using an analytically derived scaling approach. Various data beyond the experimentally obtained ones are computationally provided in order to facilitate the calibration of less costly statistical turbulence models and lumped parameter codes, since the presently considered configuration is regarded to be a valuable small-scale equivalent for containment flow applications.
Assessment of endobronchial ultrasound‐guided bronchoscopy (EBUS) intranodal forceps biopsy added to EBUS 19‐gauge transbronchial needle aspiration: A blinded pathology panel analysis

Endobronchial ultrasound‐guided (EBUS) transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) has significantly improved the diagnostic workup for intrathoracic lymphadenopathies. More recently, EBUS intranodal forceps biopsy (IFB) has been developed in an attempt to maximize diagnostic yield by providing additional tissue.
Recognition Method of RS Codes Based on Euclidean Algorithm in Galois Field

The recognition method of RS Codes based on Galois Field Fourier Transform(GFFT) is of much complexity and computation amount.Aiming at the problems,a recognition method of RS Codes based on Euclidean algorithm in Galois Field was proposed in this paper.The greatest common divisor(GCD) between RS codeword and its circular shift codeword was computed by Euclidean algorithm in Galois Field,then the code length of RS codes was estimated by use of the maximum difference between the maximum and mean value of the GCD index(obtained by searching all the possible code length). The primitive polynomial was recognized according to the obtained code length which corresponded with the maximum value of the GCD index.Finally,the creating polynomial was gained by factorizing the GCD.The academic analysis and simulation experiments showed that the computing time of foregone method was ten times as high as this method,and it had a 90% recognition probability at an error code rate of 1×10-3.