Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examination of the Construct Validity of Impact™ Computerized Test, Traditional, and Experimental Neuropsychological Measures

Although computerized neuropsychological screening is becoming a standard for sports concussion identification and management, convergent validity studies are limited. Such studies are important for several reasons: reference to established measures is needed to establish validity; examination of the computerized battery relative to a more traditional comprehensive battery will help understand the strengths and limitations of the computer battery; and such an examination will help inform the output of the computerized battery. We compared scores on the ImPACT™ battery to a comprehensive battery of traditional neuropsychological measures and several experimental measures used in the assessment of sports-related concussion in 54 healthy male athletes. Convergent validity was demonstrated for four of the five ImPACT™ domain scores. Two cognitive domains often compromised as a result of mild TBI were not directly identified by the ImPACT™ battery: sustained attention and auditory working memory. Affective symptoms correlated with performance on measures of attention and working memory. In this healthy sample the correlations between the domains covered by ImPACT™ and the neuropsychological battery supports ImPACT™ as a useful screening tool for assessing many of the cognitive factors related to mTBI. However, the data suggest other sources of data need to be considered when identifying and managing concussions.
One Way Function Candidate based on the Collatz Problem

The one way function based on Collatz problem is proposed. While Colatz ($3x+1$) problem is well known and undecided, the proposal is actually based on the problem's underlying conditional branching structure. The analysis shows why the $3x+1$ problem is so difficult and how the algorithm conditional branching structure can be used to construct an one way function.
The transcription factor Phox2b distinguishes between oral and non‐oral sensory neurons in the geniculate ganglion

Many basic characteristics of gustatory neurons remain unknown, partly due to the absence of specific markers. Some neurons in the geniculate ganglion project to taste regions in the oral cavity, whereas others innervate the outer ear. We hypothesized that the transcription factor Phox2b would identify oral cavity‐projecting neurons in the geniculate ganglion. To test this possibility, we characterized mice in which Phox2b‐Cre mediated gene recombination labeled neurons with tdTomato. Nerve labeling revealed that all taste neurons projecting through the chorda tympani (27%) and greater superficial petrosal nerves (15%) expressed Phox2b during development, whereas non‐oral somatosensory neurons (58%) in the geniculate ganglion did not. We found tdTomato‐positive innervation within all taste buds. Most (57%) of the fungiform papillae had labeled innervation only in taste buds, whereas 43% of the fungiform papillae also had additional labeled innervation to the papilla epithelium. Chorda tympani nerve transection eliminated all labeled innervation to taste buds, but most of the additional innervation in the fungiform papillae remained. Some of these additional fibers also expressed tyrosine hydroxylase, suggesting a sympathetic origin. Consistent with this, both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers innervating blood vessels and salivary glands contained tdTomato labeling. Phox2b‐tdTomato labels nerve fascicles in the tongue of the developing embryo and demonstrates a similar stereotyped branching pattern DiI‐labeling.
A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of glabellar lines.

BACKGROUND Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is widely used for facial esthetics but is incompletely studied. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BTX-A treatment of glabellar lines. METHODS Patients with moderate to severe glabellar lines at maximum frown received intramuscular injections of 20 U BTX-A (BOTOX, Allergan, Inc, Irvine, Calif) or placebo into 5 glabellar sites. Patients were followed up for 120 days after injection. Outcome measures were physician rating of glabellar line severity at maximum frown and rest, patient assessment of improvement, and vital sign and adverse event monitoring. RESULTS Two hundred sixty-four patients were enrolled (BTX-A: 203, placebo: 61). There was a significantly greater reduction in glabellar line severity with BTX-A than with placebo (all measures, every follow-up visit; P <.022). The effect was maintained for many patients through day 120. There was a low occurrence (5.4%) of mostly mild blepharoptosis in the BTX-A group. CONCLUSION BTX-A injections are safe and effective in reducing the severity of glabellar lines.
Performance analysis of wireless sensor networks for QoS

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a dynamic self — configured device which is used for the communicational purpose to monitor different scenarios. To the best of our knowledge, the main challenge faced in the field of wireless sensor network is computing, monitoring and the size of the sensor. In this paper we underscore the fact of analysis of the behavior of wireless sensor network using different factors and protocols. By analysis we can predict the behavior and analyze the superficiality.
Robust Superpixel Tracking via Depth Fusion

Although numerous trackers have been designed to adapt to the nonstationary image streams that change over time, it remains a challenging task to facilitate a tracker to accurately distinguish the target from the background in every frame. This paper proposes a robust superpixel-based tracker via depth fusion, which exploits the adequate structural information and great flexibility of mid-level features captured by superpixels, as well as the depth-map's discriminative ability for the target and background separation. By introducing graph-regularized sparse coding into the appearance model, the local geometrical structure of data is considered, and the resulting appearance model has a more powerful discriminative ability. Meanwhile, the similarity of the target superpixels' neighborhoods in two adjacent frames is also incorporated into the refinement of the target estimation, which helps a more accurate localization. Most importantly, the depth cue is fused into the superpixel-based target estimation so as to tackle the cluttered background with similar appearance to the target. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed tracker, four video sequences of different challenging situations are contributed by the authors. The comparison results demonstrate that the proposed tracker has more robust and accurate performance than seven ones representing the state-of-the-art.
Optimizing Communication and Computation for Multi-UAV Information Gathering Applications

Typical mobile agent networks, such as multi-unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems, are constrained by limited resources: energy, computing power, memory and communication bandwidth. In particular, limited energy affects system performance directly, such as system lifetime. Moreover, it has been demonstrated experimentally in the wireless sensor network literature that the total energy consumption is often dominated by the communication cost, i.e., the computational and the sensing energy are small compared to the communication energy consumption. For this reason, the lifetime of the network can be extended significantly by minimizing the communication distance as well as the amount of communication data, at the expense of increasing computational cost. In this paper, we aim at attaining an optimal tradeoff between the communication and the computational energy. Specifically, we propose a mixed-integer optimization formulation for a multihop hierarchical clustering-based self-organizing UAV network incorporating data aggregation, to obtain an energy-efficient information routing scheme. The proposed framework is tested on two applications, namely target tracking and area mapping. Based on simulation results, our method can significantly save energy compared to a baseline strategy, where there is no data aggregation and clustering scheme.
Distributed Maneuvering of Autonomous Surface Vehicles Based on Neurodynamic Optimization and Fuzzy Approximation

This brief is concerned with the distributed maneuvering of multiple autonomous surface vehicles guided by a virtual leader moving along a parameterized path. In the guidance loop, a distributed guidance law is developed by incorporating a constant bearing strategy into a path-maneuvering design such that a prescribed formation pattern can be reached. To optimize the guidance signal under velocity constraint as well as minimize control torque during transient phase, an optimization-based command governor is employed to generate an optimal guidance signal for vehicle kinetics. The optimization problem is formulated as a bound-constrained quadratic programming problem, which is solved using a recurrent neural network. In the control loop, an estimator is developed where a fuzzy system is used to approximate unknown kinetics based on input and output data. Next, a kinetic control law is constructed based on the optimal command signal and the fuzzy-system-based estimator. By virtue of cascade stability analysis, it is proven that distributed maneuvering errors converge to a residual set. The simulation results illustrate the efficacy of the proposed method.
UV-B photoreceptor-mediated protection of the photosynthetic machinery in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Significance Life on earth largely depends on the capture of light energy by plants through photosynthesis. Light is essential, but excess light is dangerous. Energy dissipation as heat is a major mechanism induced to protect the photosynthetic machinery. We report that UV-B perception by a specific photoreceptor in the nucleocytosolic compartment leads to protection of the photosynthetic machinery in the chloroplast of a green alga. The underlying mechanism is markedly different from the response to high light. UV-B photoreceptor-mediated signaling activates a safety valve, allowing the release of the excess energy as heat, helping the algae to cope with too much light energy. Life on earth is dependent on the photosynthetic conversion of light energy into chemical energy. However, absorption of excess sunlight can damage the photosynthetic machinery and limit photosynthetic activity, thereby affecting growth and productivity. Photosynthetic light harvesting can be down-regulated by nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). A major component of NPQ is qE (energy-dependent nonphotochemical quenching), which allows dissipation of light energy as heat. Photodamage peaks in the UV-B part of the spectrum, but whether and how UV-B induces qE are unknown. Plants are responsive to UV-B via the UVR8 photoreceptor. Here, we report in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that UVR8 induces accumulation of specific members of the light-harvesting complex (LHC) superfamily that contribute to qE, in particular LHC Stress-Related 1 (LHCSR1) and Photosystem II Subunit S (PSBS). The capacity for qE is strongly induced by UV-B, although the patterns of qE-related proteins accumulating in response to UV-B or to high light are clearly different. The competence for qE induced by acclimation to UV-B markedly contributes to photoprotection upon subsequent exposure to high light. Our study reveals an anterograde link between photoreceptor-mediated signaling in the nucleocytosolic compartment and the photoprotective regulation of photosynthetic activity in the chloroplast.
Applying a biopsychosocial perspective in occupational health: Easier said than done!

Due to improved diagnostics and treatment, the prognosis of many diseases has improved substantially over the last decades. As a result of this, many diseases which were deadly in the past can now be regarded as chronic diseases. Also the demographic changes (greying) and the increased life expectancy contribute to a higher number of chronical ill patients in many countries. Due to these socio-demographic developments in the general as well as the working population the focus of the health system needs to shift from cure-oriented towards care-oriented, in which optimizing socialand labor force participation is the main goal. Much of what underpins illness attributable (social) participation can be explained by using the biopsychosocial model of health. This was proposed by Engel [1] in 1977 as an attempt to develop a more holistic understanding of the various factors and their complex interplay that affect an individual’s response to injury or illness. In the biopsychosocial model participation is determined by many factors including ill-health, personal factors (such as coping) and environmental factors (such as work environment) [2]. Nevertheless, many health professionals and most patients assume that the illness or ill health is due to some pathological abnormality and that this abnormality is the cause of the symptoms experienced and
Intestinal barrier function and absorption in pigs after weaning: a review

Under commercial conditions, weaning of piglets is associated with social, environmental and dietary stress. Consequently, small-intestinal barrier and absorptive functions deteriorate within a short time after weaning. Most studies that have assessed small-intestinal permeability in pigs after weaning used either Ussing chambers or orally administered marker probes. Paracellular barrier function and active absorption decrease when pigs are weaned at 3 weeks of age or earlier. However, when weaned at 4 weeks of age or later, the barrier function is less affected, and active absorption is not affected or is increased. Weaning stress is a critical factor in relation to the compromised paracellular barrier function after weaning. Adequate feed intake levels after weaning prevent the loss of the intestinal barrier function. Transcellular transport of macromolecules and passive transcellular absorption decrease after weaning. This may reflect a natural intestinal maturation process that is enhanced by the weaning process and prevents the pig from an antigen overload. It seems that passive and active absorption after weaning adapt accurately to the new environment when pigs are weaned after 3 weeks of age. However, when weaned at 3 weeks of age or earlier, the decrease in active absorption indicates that pigs are unable to sufficiently adapt to the new environment. To improve weaning strategies, future studies should distinguish whether the effect of feed intake on barrier function can be directed to a lack of a specific nutrient, i.e. energy or protein.
A Smartphone-Based Approach for Triage of Human Papillomavirus-Positive Sub-Saharan African Women: A Prospective Study

Background Sub-Saharan African countries are marked by a high incidence of cervical cancer. Madagascar ranks 11th among the countries with the highest cervical cancer incidence worldwide. Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the performances of digital smartphone-based visual inspection with acetic acid (D-VIA) and Lugol’s iodine (D-VILI) for diagnosing cervical precancer and cancer. Methods Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive women recruited through a cervical screening campaign had D-VIA and D-VILI examinations with endocervical curettage (ECC) and cervical biopsy. Three images were captured for each woman (native, D-VIA, D-VILI) using a smartphone camera. The images were randomly coded and distributed on 2 online databases (Google Forms). The D-VIA form included native and D-VIA images, and the D-VILI form included native and D-VILI images. Pathological cases were defined as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+). Physicians rated the images as non-pathological or pathological. Using the ECC and cervical biopsy results as references, the sensitivity and specificity of D-VIA and D-VILI examinations for each and all physicians were calculated. Results Altogether, 15 clinicians assessed 240 images. Sensitivity was higher for the D-VIA interpretations (94.1%; 95% CI 81.6-98.3) than for the D-VILI interpretations (78.8%; 95% CI 54.1-92.1; P=.009). In contrast, the specificity was higher for the D-VILI interpretations (56.4%; 95% CI 38.3-72.9) than for the D-VIA interpretations (50.4%; 95% CI 35.9-64.8; P=.005). Conclusion Smartphone-based image for triage of HPV-positive women is more accurate for detecting CIN2+ lesions with D-VIA than D-VILI, although with a small loss of specificity.
Targeted resequencing reveals genomic signatures of barley domestication

Summary Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is an established model to study domestication of the Fertile Crescent cereals. Recent molecular data suggested that domesticated barley genomes consist of the ancestral blocks descending from multiple wild barley populations. However, the relationship between the mosaic ancestry patterns and the process of domestication itself remained unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we identified candidate domestication genes using selection scans based on targeted resequencing of 433 wild and domesticated barley accessions. We conducted phylogenetic, population structure, and ancestry analyses to investigate the origin of the domesticated barley haplotypes separately at the neutral and candidate domestication loci. We discovered multiple selective sweeps that occurred on all barley chromosomes during domestication in the background of several ancestral wild populations. The ancestry analyses demonstrated that, although the ancestral blocks of the domesticated barley genomes were descended from all over the Fertile Crescent, the candidate domestication loci originated specifically in its eastern and western parts. These findings provided the first molecular evidence implicating multiple wild or protodomesticated lineages in the process of barley domestication initiated in the Levantine and Zagros clusters of the origin of agriculture.
tbx6l and tbx16 are redundantly required for posterior paraxial mesoderm formation during zebrafish embryogenesis

Background: T‐box genes encode a large transcription factor family implicated in many aspects of development. We are focusing on two related zebrafish T‐box genes, tbx6l and tbx16, that are expressed in highly overlapping patterns in embryonic paraxial mesoderm. tbx16 mutants are deficient in trunk, but not tail, somites; we explored whether presence of tail somites in tbx16 mutants was due to compensatory function provided by the tbx6l gene. Results: We generated two zebrafish tbx6l mutant alleles. Loss of tbx6l has no apparent effect on embryonic development, nor does tbx6l loss enhance the phenotype of two other T‐box gene mutants, ta and tbx6, or of the mesp family gene mutant msgn1. In contrast, loss of tbx6l function dramatically enhances the paraxial mesoderm deficiency of tbx16 mutants. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that tbx6l and tbx16 genes function redundantly to direct tail somite development. tbx6l single mutants develop normally because tbx16 fully compensates for loss of tbx6l function. However, tbx6l only partially compensates for loss of tbx16 function. These results resolve the question of why loss of function of tbx16 gene, which is expressed throughout the ventral and paraxial mesoderm, profoundly affects somite development in the trunk but not the tail. Developmental Dynamics 246:759–769, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Early B cell changes predict autoimmunity following combination immune checkpoint blockade

Combination checkpoint blockade (CCB) targeting inhibitory CTLA4 and PD1 receptors holds promise for cancer therapy. Immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) remain a major obstacle for the optimal application of CCB in cancer. Here, we analyzed B cell changes in patients with melanoma following treatment with either anti-CTLA4 or anti-PD1, or in combination. CCB therapy led to changes in circulating B cells that were detectable after the first cycle of therapy and characterized by a decline in circulating B cells and an increase in CD21lo B cells and plasmablasts. PD1 expression was higher in the CD21lo B cells, and B cell receptor sequencing of these cells demonstrated greater clonality and a higher frequency of clones compared with CD21hi cells. CCB induced proliferation in the CD21lo compartment, and single-cell RNA sequencing identified B cell activation in cells with genomic profiles of CD21lo B cells in vivo. Increased clonality of circulating B cells following CCB occurred in some patients. Treatment-induced changes in B cells preceded and correlated with both the frequency and timing of IRAEs. Patients with early B cell changes experienced higher rates of grade 3 or higher IRAEs 6 months after CCB. Thus, early changes in B cells following CCB may identify patients who are at increased risk of IRAEs, and preemptive strategies targeting B cells may reduce toxicities in these patients.
Sequential Pattern Mining of Multimodal Streams in the Humanities

Research in the humanities is increasingly attracted by data mining and data management techniques in order to efficiently deal with complex scientific corpora. Particularly, the exploration of hidden patterns within different types of data streams arising from psycholinguistic experiments is of growing interest in the area of translation process research. In order to support psycholinguistic experts in quantitatively discovering the non-self-explanatory behavior of the data, we propose the e-cosmos miner framework for mining, generating and visualizing sequential patterns hidden within multimodal streaming data. The introduced MSS-BE algorithm, based on the PrefixSpan method, searches for sequential patterns within multiple streaming inputs arriving from eye tracking and keystroke logging data recorded during translation tasks. The e-cosmos miner enables psycholinguistic experts to select different sequential patterns as they appear in the translation process, compare the evolving changes of their statistics during the process and track their occurrences within a special simulator.
The Effect of Observation on Cranial Computed Tomography Utilization for Children After Blunt Head Trauma

OBJECTIVE: Children with minor blunt head trauma often are observed in the emergency department before a decision is made regarding computed tomography use. We studied the impact of this clinical strategy on computed tomography use and outcomes. METHODS: We performed a subanalysis of a prospective multicenter observational study of children with minor blunt head trauma. Clinicians completed case report forms indicating whether the child was observed before making a decision regarding computed tomography. We defined clinically important traumatic brain injury as an intracranial injury resulting in death, neurosurgical intervention, intubation for longer than 24 hours, or hospital admission for 2 nights or longer. To compare computed tomography rates between children observed and those not observed before a decision was made regarding computed tomography use, we used a generalized estimating equation model to control for hospital clustering and patient characteristics. RESULTS: Of 42 412 children enrolled in the study, clinicians noted if the patient was observed before making a decision on computed tomography in 40 113 (95%). Of these, 5433 (14%) children were observed. The computed tomography use rate was lower in those observed than in those not observed (31.1% vs 35.0%; difference: −3.9% [95% confidence interval: −5.3 to −2.6]), but the rate of clinically important traumatic brain injury was similar (0.75% vs 0.87%; difference: −0.1% [95% confidence interval: −0.4 to 0.1]). After adjustment for hospital and patient characteristics, the difference in the computed tomography use rate remained significant (adjusted odds ratio for obtaining a computed tomography in the observed group: 0.53 [95% confidence interval: 0.43–0.66]). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical observation was associated with reduced computed tomography use among children with minor blunt head trauma and may be an effective strategy to reduce computed tomography use.