Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
International Journal of Computer Science and Technology 613

At present, the security issues on MANET have become one of the primary concerns. The MANET is more vulnerable to attacks as compared to wired networks due to distributed nature and lacks of infrastructure. Those vulnerabilities are nature of the MANET structure that cannot be removed easily. As a result, attacks with malicious intent have been and will be devised to exploit those vulnerabilities and to cripple the MANET Operation. Attacks prevention techniques such as a authentication and encryption, can be used as medium of defense for decreasing the possibilities of attacks. These techniques have a limitation on the effects of prevention techniques in practice and they are designed for a set of known attacks. They are unlikely to prevent newer attacks that are designed for circumventing the existing security measures. For this purpose, there exist a need of mechanism that " detect and response " these type of newer attacks i.e. " Intrusion and Detection ". Intrusion detection provide audit and monitoring capabilities that offer the local security to a node and help to perceive the specific trust level of other node. In addition to this ontology is a proven tool for this type of analysis. In this paper, specific ontology has been modeled which aims to explore and to classify current technique of Intrusion Detection System (IDS) aware MANET. To support these ideas, a discussion regarding attacks, IDS architecture and IDS in MANET are presented inclusively and then the comparison among several researches achievement will be evaluated based on these parameters. I. Introduction IEEE 802.11 standard specifies " ad hoc " mode as an optional feature, which allows devices to communicate directly with each other in a peer-to-peer manner without any access points. In MANET, no fixed infrastructure, like base station or, mobile switching center is requied. Instead, every possible wireless mobile host within the perimeter of radio link acts as an intermediate switch and participates in setting up the network topology in a self organized way. Ad hoc network supports multi-hop routing, thereby extending the range of mobile nodes well beyond that of their base transceiver. This can extend the range of the wireless LAN form hundreds of feet to miles, depending on the concentration of wireless users. Other advantages include easy installation, less maintenance, flexibility, and it is ideally suited for disaster management (fire, earthquakes etc.), military operations and critical missions. Also, apart from traditional use …
The power of play: design lessons for increasing the lifespan of outdated computers

One consequence of rapid advances in computer technology is the obsolescence of hundreds of millions of computers each year. This paper explores strategies for increasing the reuse of outdated computers through an investigation of an 8-bit home computer that is still popular in developing countries. We observed the use of the computers in 16 households in Ahmedabad and Bangalore, India in order to gain insight into the contextual factors that support the continued popularity of the device. While most computers become obsolete in less than a decade, this 30-year-old computer technology remains useful because it provides exciting, multi-user family entertainment. While having minimal processing power and virtually no connectivity, the 8-bit computer supports input and output channels that are especially suited for co-located social game play. In contrast, PCs are primarily designed for individual use. Therefore, we offer low-cost design recommendations that would enable outdated PCs to support greater shared use and increased utility within the constrained material context of low-income households. These simple interventions, if adopted by computer refurbishment industries, have the potential to significantly extend the useful lifespan of PCs.
Spontaneous Gestures Influence Strategy Choices in Problem Solving

Do gestures merely reflect problem-solving processes, or do they play a functional role in problem solving? We hypothesized that gestures highlight and structure perceptual-motor information, and thereby make such information more likely to be used in problem solving. Participants in two experiments solved problems requiring the prediction of gear movement, either with gesture allowed or with gesture prohibited. Such problems can be correctly solved using either a perceptual-motor strategy (simulation of gear movements) or an abstract strategy (the parity strategy). Participants in the gesture-allowed condition were more likely to use perceptual-motor strategies than were participants in the gesture-prohibited condition. Gesture promoted use of perceptual-motor strategies both for participants who talked aloud while solving the problems (Experiment 1) and for participants who solved the problems silently (Experiment 2). Thus, spontaneous gestures influence strategy choices in problem solving.
THE PULSE OF AORTIC STENOSIS DURING CHILDHOOD

The assessment of the severity of aortic stenosis has been the subject of much clinical research. Because of the changes in severe aortic valve lesions in adults, much consideration has been given to the nature and form of the pulse (Wood, 1958) particularly that in the brachial artery, as observed either by palpation or by the recording of an intra-arterial pulse tracing. Cosby et al. (1962) were unable to find any correlation between the severity of aortic stenosis and the contour of the brachial artery pulse, but Robinson (1963b) thought that the carotid pulse was more reliable, though in children it was not an infallible guide (Robinson, 1963a). All these authors have pointed out how change in cardiac output and peripheral resistance could modify these features. That the pressure gradient across the aortic valve alone is an unreliable index of the severity of aortic stenosis has been remarked on by Wood (1958) and Cosby et al. (1962). Braunwald et al. (1963) report the instance of a patient who had effort syncope and whose aortic valve gradient was only 35 mm. Hg. Braunwald et al. (1963) further drew attention to the fact that congenital aortic stenosis may be the cause of severe left ventricular obstruction without the symptoms of diminished cardiac reserve that are found in other forms of congenital heart disease. The difficulties in measuring blood flow in children are well known. The absence of clinical symptoms and signs in what may be at least moderate stenosis increases the difficulty of accurate diagnosis. Patients with severe aortic stenosis often die in infancy or early childhood. Those with mild lesions survive into adult life, and in middle age may develop calcific aortic stenosis. It is in the intermediate group, especially in childhood, that assessment is difficult. Radiographs and electro-cardiograms may give little help in the assessment of the true severity of the disease, and effort syncope and sudden death are real hazards. Dow (1940), while studying the aortic pulse at various situations in the aorta in dogs, noticed that there was an increase in the peak pressure of the pulse wave as the periphery was approached. Andersson and Porje (1946) and Kroeker and Wood (1955) also illustrated this phenomenon, and it has subsequently been studied in dogs by McDonald and Taylor (1959), McDonald (1960), and Taylor (1962). Dow on the other hand stated that there was little peripheral alteration in the …
STORM: structural and temporal object-oriented multimedia database system

The STORM DBMS integrates structural and temporal aspects for building different presentations of multimedia objects (i.e. text, audio, image, video). We integrate structural operators (e.g. tuple, list, set) and temporal relationships (e.g. before, after, equal) for defining multimedia presentations. Temporal aspects are modeled through the notion of Temporal Shadow which incorporates free or bound durations and/or delays. Our approach provides sequential and parallel presentations synchronizing different objects. These presentations are themselves stored as database objects and can be derived automatically from the schema, updated and queried.
Virtual and behavioral habilitation techniques in children with autism

“Tesi di dottorato di Livia Fornasari, discussa presso l’Universita degli Studi di Udine” iv The second study analyzed navigation and exploration of an urban Virtual Environment by children with autism compared to children with typical development to focus specifically on understanding navigation and exploration in children with autism. Sixteen children with autism and 16 controls 1:1 matched for age, sex, race, language, education and IQ participated. After an initial training phase, children carried out two tasks: the first one was navigation in an unknown urban environment that children could freely explore; the second was navigation in the same environment but with the goal of finding specific target objects as in a treasure hunt. In the first task, children with autism spent significantly less time in active exploration and explored fewer zones than controls. No differences were found between the two groups when children had to find objects. Our data suggests that children with autism poorly explore raw unfamiliar environments, while they tend to be more motivated and active when they are stimulated by a task organized as a game.
Keywords based temporal sentiment analysis

Free texts such as comments by customers or readers, contain not only the sentiments of the topic being talked about but also temporal trends of the sentiments. Sentiment detection automatically estimates the polarity of the comments as positive, negative or sometimes neutral. On the other hand, a temporal sentiment analysis in an investigation of the sentiment pattern within a given time period. We propose a method for investigating the temporal patterns using keywords in the comments. We managed to relate a few major events that occurred during the time period of investigation (19 November - 20 December 2014) using sentiment classification techniques and keyword clustering. The results of this work show how temporal sediment analysis could be used to establish the changes in opinions from the pubic relating to issues-events in a historically important election campaign in a developing country. The results show interesting information on the change of opinions during this election campaign impossible to learn by other means.
Coevolution of radial glial cells and the cerebral cortex

Radial glia cells play fundamental roles in the development of the cerebral cortex, acting both as the primary stem and progenitor cells, as well as the guides for neuronal migration and lamination. These critical functions of radial glia cells in cortical development have been discovered mostly during the last 15 years and, more recently, seminal studies have demonstrated the existence of a remarkable diversity of additional cortical progenitor cell types, including a variety of basal radial glia cells with key roles in cortical expansion and folding, both in ontogeny and phylogeny. In this review, we summarize the main cellular and molecular mechanisms known to be involved in cerebral cortex development in mouse, as the currently preferred animal model, and then compare these with known mechanisms in other vertebrates, both mammal and nonmammal, including human. This allows us to present a global picture of how radial glia cells and the cerebral cortex seem to have coevolved, from reptiles to primates, leading to the remarkable diversity of vertebrate cortical phenotypes. GLIA 2015;63:1303–1319
WS-DREAM: A distributed reliability assessment Mechanism for Web Services

It is critical to guarantee the reliability of service-oriented applications. This is because they may employ remote Web services as components, which may easily become unavailable in the unpredictable Internet environment. This practical experience report presents a distribute reliability assessment mechanism for Web services (WS-DREAM), allowing users to carry out Web services reliability assessment in a collaborative manner. With WS-DREAM, users in different geography locations help each other to carry out testing, and share test cases under the coordination of a centralized server. Based on this collaborative mechanism, reliability assessment for Web services in real environment from different locations of the world becomes seamless. To illustrate the advantage of this mechanism, a prototype is implemented and a case study is carried out. Users from five locations all over the world perform reliability assessment to Web services distributed in six countries. Over 1,000,000 test cases are executed in a collaborative manner and detailed results are provided.
Bibliotecas comunitárias como prática social no Brasil

A pesquisa tem por objetivo principal apontar politicas publicas para o fortalecimento e ampliacao das bibliotecas comunitarias no pais. Para isso, analisou-se a biblioteca comunitaria como espaco de articulacao local, seus atores, sua organizacao e o uso da informacao nesse contexto. Confirmou-se que o motivo principal para a criacao desses projetos e a carencia de bibliotecas publicas e escolares no pais, o que leva a sociedade a buscar caminhos para enfrentar o problema de acesso a informacao, a leitura e ao livro. A partir das experiencias analisadas, percebe-se que, quanto mais participativa e a sua gestao, maior e a possibilidade da biblioteca transformar-se num espaco estrategico para a implantacao de politicas de integracao social. Apontam-se como principios basicos para a implantacao de politicas para esses espacos o respeito a diversidade e pluralidade cultural, assim como a valorizacao do espaco publico e dos processos participativos. Defende-se a consolidacao do Sistema Nacional de Bibliotecas Publicas como agencia responsavel pela implementacao, monitoramento e avaliacao das politicas publicas para apoiar as bibliotecas comunitarias.
Presynaptic α7- and β2-Containing Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Modulate Excitatory Amino Acid Release from Rat Prefrontal Cortex Nerve Terminals via Distinct Cellular Mechanisms

Nicotine can enhance working memory and attention. Activation of both α7 and β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been implicated in these processes. The ability of presynaptic nAChRs to modulate neurotransmitter release, notably glutamate release, is postulated to contribute to nicotine's effects. We have examined the cellular mechanisms underlying α7 and β2* nAChR-mediated [3H]d-aspartate release from the PFC in vitro. Using the α7 and β2* nAChR-selective agonists (R)-N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]-oct-3-yl)(5-(2-pyridyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide) (compound A) and 5-iodo-3-(2(S)-azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine (5-iodo-A-85380), respectively, in conjunction with inhibitors of voltage-operated Ca2+ channels (VOCCs) and intracellular Ca2+ stores, we show that [3H]d-aspartate release evoked by activation of β2* nAChRs occurs via VOCCs. In contrast, α7 nAChR-evoked release was unaffected by VOCC blockers but was abolished by modulators of Ca2+ stores, including ryanodine. The α7 nAChR ligand α-bungarotoxin and ryanodine receptors were colocalized to a subpopulation of PFC synaptosomes. Compound A-evoked [3H]d-aspartate release was also blocked by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 inhibitors, implicating extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 in α7 nAChR-evoked exocytosis. Western blotting confirmed that compound A, but not 5-iodo-A-85380, application increased ERK2 phosphorylation in PFC synaptosomes, and this was dependent on ryanodine-sensitive stores. Compound A also promoted synapsin-1 phosphorylation at ERK1/2-dependent sites, in a ryanodine-sensitive manner. Thus, β2* and α7 nAChR subtypes in the PFC mediate [3H]d-aspartate release via distinct mechanisms as a result of their differential coupling to VOCCs and Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR), respectively. The ability of α7 nAChRs to promote the phosphorylation of presynaptic ERK2 and synapsin-1, downstream of CICR, provides a potential mechanism for presynaptic facilitation in the PFC.
Multiple DSC Filter-Based Three-Phase EPLL for Nonideal Grid Synchronization

This paper originally analyzes the effect of the harmonics, dc offsets, and unbalance on the three-phase enhanced phase-locked loop (3P-EPLL). It proves that 3P-EPLL is not able to accurately estimate the amplitude, phase angle, and frequency of the grid in such cases. In order to correctly estimate the grid synchronous information even under the nonideal grid conditions, an improved 3P-EPLL combined with the multiple delayed signal cancellation (DSC) filters is proposed. A DSC operator is set at the each input of 3P-EPLL to eliminate the input dc offsets and even-order harmonics. And the cascaded DSC (CDSC) module is plugged in both the frequency and amplitude loops to remove the effect of most of the odd-order harmonics and unbalance. The relationship between the delay constant of the DSC operator and the order of the harmonics hoping to eliminate is derived to design the structure of the CDSC module and determine the delay constant of each DSC operator in the CDSC module. Detailed experimental results of the standard 3P-EPLL and proposed one validate the theoretical analysis and the proposed phase-locked loop.
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Carrying Genes Encoding the PER-2 and TEM-116 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases Isolated from Children with Diarrhea in Uruguay

ABSTRACT We studied 13 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from children suffering acute diarrhea in Uruguay. ESBL characterization in crude extracts showed a single band at pI 5.4. PCR amplification and sequencing data allowed identification of blaPER-2 and blaTEM-116. Retrospective analysis suggests that these strains were disseminated in the community, even if unnoticed, prior to their access to the hospital environment more than a decade ago.
Chronic Heart Failure and Comorbid Renal Dysfunction - A Focus on Type 2 Cardiorenal Syndrome

The most important advancements in the Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) are its definition and subsequent classifications. When the predominant pathology and pathophysiology is the heart, i.e. chronic heart failure (CHF), and where any renal impairment (RI) subsequent to this is secondary, the classification is type 2 CRS. There are unique differences in the pathophysiology and progression of individual subclasses. It is important to understand the evolution of CHF and consequences of subsequent RI as they are becoming increasingly prevalent, aggravate morbidity and mortality and limit many therapeutic options. In this paper we discuss the significance of the type 2 CRS patients in the context of the thematic series.
Special Section on Knowledge-Based Software Engineering Detecting Logical Inconsistencies by Clustering Technique in Natural Language Requirements

In the early phases of the system development process, stakeholders exchange ideas and describe requirements in natural language. Requirements described in natural language tend to be vague and include logical inconsistencies, whereas logical consistency is the key to raising the quality and lowering the cost of system development. Hence, it is important to find logical inconsistencies in the whole requirements at this early stage. In verification and validation of the requirements, there are techniques to derive logical formulas from natural language requirements and evaluate their inconsistencies automatically. Users manually chunk the requirements by paragraphs. However, paragraphs do not always represent logical chunks. There can be only one logical chunk over some paragraphs on the other hand some logical chunks in one paragraph. In this paper, we present a practical approach to detecting logical inconsistencies by clustering technique in natural language requirements. Software requirements specifications (SRSs) are the target document type. We use k-means clustering to cluster chunks of requirements and develop semantic role labeling rules to derive “conditions” and “actions” as semantic roles from the requirements by using natural language processing. We also construct an abstraction grammar to transform the conditions and actions into logical formulas. By evaluating the logical formulas with input data patterns, we can find logical inconsistencies. We implemented our approach and conducted experiments on three case studies of requirements written in natural English. The results indicate that our approach can find logical inconsistencies. key words: requirement analysis, natural language processing, clustering
Assessment of Methylphenidate Prescriptions Written for the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

ABSTRACTAim: Methylphenidate is a medication used for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study, we aimed to investigate the details of methylphenidate prescriptions.Materials and Methods: A total of 5681 methylphenidate prescriptions written for the treatment of ADHD were collected from the archives of the Provincial Health Directorate of Istanbul between January and December 2009 and were retrospectively evaluated regarding the details of drug usage. Statistical comparisons were based on the Chi-square test at a p<0.05 level of significance.Results: The ages of the patients were not mentioned in most of the methylphenidate prescriptions (85.4%). Out of those prescriptions with age information, 78.5% were written for patients younger than 18 years old. Methylphenidate prescriptions were mainly written for male patients (73.7%). Sixty three percent of methylphenidate prescriptions were written by pediatric and adolescent psychiatrists as well as pediatricians. Methylp.
Essays on human capital accumulation and its public provision

Esta tesis consiste en tres capitulos que analizan el proceso de acumulacion de capital humano, su provision publica y su papel en la actividad economica. En concreto, el capitulo primero analiza la intervencion publica en educacion cuando el gobierno, teniendo en cuenta la relacione entre los distintos niveles de educacion: obligatorio y no obligatorio, tiene que decidir como reparte de forma optima un presupuesto dado entre estos dos niveles de educacion, y como este reparto optimo podria verse afectado por la presencia de restricciones de capital. El capitulo segundo estudia la intervencion publica en educacion cuando el gobierno tiene que decidir como agrupar a los estudiantes, teniendo en cuenta la existencia de los efectos que los companeros tienen sobre los resultados academicos de los estudiantes. Este capitulo considera dos posibles sistemas educativos: "tracking" (separar9 y "mixing" (juntar), y propone varios criterios para su comparacion. Finalmente el capitulo tercero analiza la interaccion entre universidades. En concreto estudia la relacion entre los sistemas de financiacion de las universidades y su decision entre especializarse en docencia o investigacion, en un contexto (como el actual) donde las universidades compiten pro profesores y recursos.