Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Universal Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Screeners for Preschool Students: A Systematic Review

Social, emotional, and behavioral (SEB) screening is an essential component of multi-tiered systems for supporting students’ social-emotional development. SEB screening facilitates early identification and intervention for individual students and may be used to evaluate population-level response to universal positive behavior supports and social-emotional learning programs. Although school-based SEB screening research is common, the majority of studies have focused on screening tools for use with students in K-12 settings. The current study expands upon prior research to systematically review research on school-based teacher-report SEB screening tools for students in preschool. Results indicated 17 studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 2008-2019, which evaluated 6 teacher-report SEB screening tools with preschool populations. All 17 (100%) research studies evaluated the technical adequacy of the screening tools and 1 (5.9%) research study explicitly evaluated aspects of usability and provided novel data to support usability. Results indicate a need to continue to evaluate the technical adequacy of preschool SEB screening tools and to place more explicit focus on evaluating the usability of the tools.
Time‐scale analysis in unsaturated porous media under external wave loads

Extreme waves caused by tsunamis and storm surges can lead to soil failures in the near‐shore region, which may have severe impact on coastal environments and communities. Multiphase flows in deformable porous media involve several coupled processes and multiple time scales, which are challenging for numerical simulations. The objective of this study is to investigate the roles of the various processes and their interactions in multiphase flows in unsaturated soils under external wave loading, via theoretical time‐scale analysis and numerical simulations. A coupled geomechanics–multiphase flow model based on conservation laws is used. Theoretical analysis based on coupled and decoupled models demonstrates that transient and steady‐state responses are governed by pore pressure diffusion and saturation front propagation, respectively, and that the two processes are essentially decoupled. Numerical simulations suggest that the compressibility of the pore fluids and the deformation of the soil skeleton are important when the transient responses of the media are of concern, while the steady‐state responses are not sensitive to these factors. The responses obtained from the fully coupled numerical simulations are explained by a simplified time‐scale analysis based on coupled and decoupled models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Mass Conservative Algorithm for Modeling Water Flow in Partially Saturated Soils

Numerical solutions of the Richards' equation, in water content-based form or in pressure head-based form are often tradeoffs between speed, accuracy and convenience. The water-content based form can be solved quite rapidly, with low CPU time and perfect mass balance. However, it cannot be used for layered soils and problems containing saturated regions. The pressure headbased form is more flexible but, due to its highly nonlinear nature, it is much more time-consuming and produces poor global mass balance. The mixed form of the Richards' equation partially solves these issues as it maintains mass balance and is applicable to layered soils. In this study a switching algorithm is developed and implemented in which the mass conservative mixed form and the pressure head-based form of Richards' equation are used in unsaturated and saturated zones, respectively, of a flow problem involving a variably saturated soil. Results indicate that the proposed algorithm maintains a perfect mass balance while using more CPU time than a pressure-based or mixed form algorithm.
Modeling of Reverberation Effects for Radio Localization and Communications

For decades the terrestrial radio channel has been characterized andmodeled for communication purpose only, e.g. to design wireless systems and/or to assess their performance by means of Monte Carlo simulations. e recent emergence of localization capabilities in terrestrial wireless systems demand for novel channel models that, in addition, accurately emulate the locationdependent features of real channels. In this thesis we address and provide answers to the central questions of the cause, the eect and the modeling of the diuse component observed in delay power spectra measured in indoor environments. We show that this component carries a signicant portion of the total received power. us, the accurate modeling of it is of prime importance for both communication and positioning. To clarify the cause of the diuse component we rst experimentally investigate the spread in delay and direction of multipath components in an indoor environment. e results indicate small per-path-component spreads. is nding suggests that the diuse component is contributed by amultitude of (weak) specular multipath components. Others have also experimentally conrmed this conclusion using an ultra-wideband (UWB) set-up: measured UWB delay power spectra exhibit a transition from early specular components to a diuse component. We name this transition the “avalanche eect”. We propose a propagation graph that mimics propagation conditions in an environment: transmitters, receivers, and scatterers are represented as vertices and propagation conditions between these vertices as (labeled) edges. Due to its recursive structure, the graph model is capable of reproducing the avalanche eect and the diuse component, even though propagation along the edges is assumed specular. Experimental evidence also shows that the diuse component of delay power spectra measured in the same room decays exponentially with nearly the same decay rate and magnitude regardless of the transmitter-receiver distance. Only its onset varies with distance. We incorporate these empirical features into a distance dependentmodel of the delay power spectrum, which we then validate experimentally. From thismodelwe derive secondarymodels that predict the received power, the mean delay, the rms delay spread and the kurtosis versus distance. e behavior of the diuse component versus distance in indoor environment is linked to reverberation eects analog to reverberation eects observed in room acoustics and electromagnetic reverberation chambers. Reverberation models of room acoustics relate the decay rate of the diuse component to the room geometry and an average absorption coecient. Following a
Elongation and breaking mechanisms of gold nanowires under a wide range of tensile conditions

Semistatic density functional theory is used to explore the evolution of [1 1 0] and [1 1 1] gold nanowires during tensile deformation under a wide range of conditions, including different tensile axes (along high- and low-symmetry directions), nanowire shapes, and effective strain rates. Large structural changes are observed during the elongation. The analysis of such low-energy intermediate configurations provides quantitative information about the underlying energy landscape that cannot be obtained through experiments or more approximate modeling methods, and four stable intermediate atomic structures are identified. A rich diversity of deformation pathways is uncovered that converge to only two final local configurations with reproducible breaking strengths, in agreement with experimental results. Such a high reproducibility in the breaking force makes gold nanowires excellent candidates as intrinsic force standards at the nanolevel.
Passband filters for terahertz radiation based on dual metallic photonic structures

This paper reports on the development of two-dimensional metallic microstructures for the filtering of terahertz radiation. These structures are fabricated using ultraviolet-based processing of thick SU8 resist. This micromachining technique enables the array patterns, dimensions, and consequently the filter characteristics to be readily defined. In particular, we demonstrate that a filter with an isolated near-square-shaped passband can be realized on the basis of a combination of two different metallic photonic arrays of optimized design.
Analysis of coefficient identification problems associated to the inverse Euler-Bernoulli beam theory

A rigorous investigation of the identification of a heterogeneous flexural rigidity coefficient in the Euler-Bernoulli steady-state beam theory in the presence of a prescribed load is presented. Mathematically, this study is an extension to higher-order differential equations of the coefficient identification problem analysed by Marcellini (1982) for the one-dimensional Poisson equation. In addition, various types of boundary conditions are discussed. Conditions for the well-posedness of these inverse problems are established and, furthermore, numerical results obtained using a regularization algorithm are presented.
Magnetic control of natural convection in the horizontal Bridgman configuration: symmetric and non-symmetric cross sections

This study deals with the electromagnetic damping of free-convective flows in cavities such as those used in the crystal growth horizontal Bridgman configuration. The cavities are filled with a dilute electrically conducting alloy and are subjected to a horizontal temperature gradient. The flow is steady and laminar under an external, vertical, transversal and uniform magnetic field. Several cross sections of the cavities were investigated and can either be centro-symmetric or not. The governing equations for such problems are two coupled partial differential equations, for the velocity and the induced magnetic fields, coupled with a third integral equation for mass conservation. A finite element method has been developed, and the numerical results for the variation of the velocity and the induced magnetic field in terms of the Hartmann number show a considerable decrease in convection intensity as the Hartmann number increases. Results also reveal the presence of the well-known Hartmann and parallel layers. For non-centro-symmetric sections, results show the way the flow reorganises into two cells as the Hartmann number increases.
Large-deflection mathematical analysis of rectangular plates

A large-deflection mathematical analysis of rectangular plates under uniform lateral loading is presented in this paper. The analysis is based on solving two fourth-order, second-degree, partial differential Von Karman equations relating the lateral deflections to the applied load. This paper provides a mathematical procedure which benefits from the software and hardware computing capabilities that were unavailable when mathematical modeling was last attempted. The solution is presented in a simple form suitable for direct practical use and can be easily implemented in common spreadsheet packages. Plates with two boundary conditions, namely, simply supported edges and held edges, are considered. Comparisons are held against earlier exact and approximate solutions, including results of finite element analyses. The results show close agreement with other exact analysis methods. The solution is able to produce the same results as other exact solutions, but with a much simpler and a more practical approach.
Mathematical Fun with the Compound Binomial Process

Abstract The compound binomial model is a discrete time analogue (or approximation) of the compound Poisson model of classical risk theory. In this paper, several results are derived for the probability of ruin as well as for the joint distribution of the surpluses immediately before and at ruin. The starting point of the probabilistic arguments are two series of random variables with a surprisingly simple expectation (Theorem 1) and a more classical result of the theory of random walks (Theorem 2) that is best proved by a martingale argument.
Analysis and effectiveness of deer whistles for motor vehicles: frequencies, levels, and animal threshold responses

Whitetail deer (Odocileus virginianus) are common across much of the United States. In areas where deer populations are prevalent, there is a propensity for interactions with automobiles. Various methods have been suggested for reducing the number of automobile-deer collisions, including acoustic devices such as deer whistles. Six different whistles were tested in the laboratory and on motor vehicles. Frequencies and intensities generated by the devices when mounted on vehicles at speeds from 30–45 miles per hour were determined. The primary frequency of operation of the closed end whistles on vehicles was determined to be approximately 3.3 kHz with little variation with changes in air pressure. Open-end whistles had a primary frequency of about 12 kHz, with significant variation with changes in air pressure. The best frequency range of hearing for whitetail deer appears to be between 2 and 6 kHz. The effectiveness of these devices was concluded based on the comparison of the acoustical attributes of the devices to deer hearing thresholds and acoustic behavior.
A large family of symmetric Laguerre–Hahn polynomials of class two

A regular form (linear functional) u is said to be Laguerre–Hahn, if the Stieltjes function S(u) satisfies a Riccati differential equation Φ (z) S′(u)(z)=B(z) S 2(u)(z)+C(z) S(v)z)+D(z), where Φ≠0, B, C and D are polynomials. Recently, all the symmetric Laguerre–Hahn forms of class s≤1 have been determined. In this paper, by means of the quadratic decomposition, we carry out the complete description of the symmetric Laguerre–Hahn forms of class s=2, when Φ and B vanish at zero. Essentially, three canonical cases appear. The Laguerre–Hahn forms found generalize those of class s=1.
Correction factor for multiple knife-edge diffraction

The approximation of J. Deygout (1966) recommended the use of a nomograph proposed by G. Millington et al. (1962) to correct the excess of path loss observed when hills having the same individual loss were close to each other. To help realize that the method is not so pessimistic as believed, a simple mathematical expression is given to replace the use of that nomograph. The author shows how the results compare with those obtained by G. Millington and those obtained by C.L. Giovaneli (1984). Extrapolating from those two cases, it is concluded that J. Deygout's simplified approach, when fully applied, is not pessimistic but rather slightly optimistic. In fact, after hundreds of measurements over obstructed paths in hilly or mountainous terrains with ultra high frequencies, it was found that the mean error between evaluations and measurements is less than 1 dB, with 4-5 dB of standard deviation. >
Asymptotical construction of a fully coupled, Reissner–Mindlin model for piezoelectric composite plates

The variational asymptotic method is used to construct a fully coupled Reissner–Mindlin model for piezoelectric composite plates with some surfaces parallel to the reference surface coated with electrodes. Taking advantage of the smallness of the plate thickness, we asymptotically split the original three-dimensional electromechanical problem into a one-dimensional through-the-thickness analysis and a two-dimensional plate analysis. The through-the-thickness analysis serves as a link between the original three-dimensional analysis and the plate analysis by providing a constitutive model for the plate analysis and recovering the three-dimensional field variables in terms of two-dimensional plate global responses. The present theory is implemented into the computer program VAPAS (variational asymptotic plate and shell analysis). The resulting model is as simple as an equivalent single-layer, first-order shear deformation theory with accuracy comparable to higher-order layerwise theories. Various numerical examples have been used to validate the present model.
Singularity Elimination of Stewart Parallel Manipulator Based on Redundant Actuation

This paper mainly addresses the principle of the singularity elimination of the Stewart parallel platform. By adding appropriate redundant actuation, the rank of the Jacobian matrix of the parallel platform is always full, accordingly the singular value of the Jacobian matrix of the parallel platform is nonzero. Then the singular configuration of the parallel platform can be eliminated by adding one redundant actuation. Numerical examples are taken to illuminate the principle’s effectiveness. It is shown that not only singular configurations of the Stewart parallel platform can be eliminated, but also performances of kinematics and dynamics of the parallel platform can be greatly perfected by adding appropriate redundant actuation.
On the Parameter Estimation of the Asymmetric Multivariate Laplace Distribution

This article examines a family of three-parameter multivariate Laplace distributions ML p (a, μ, Σ) which is closed under constant shifts. Parameter vectors a and μ are called shift and shape parameter, respectively, positive definite p × p-matrix Σ is a scale parameter. The first three moments are derived and used for estimating the parameters. The behavior of the obtained estimates is explored in a simulation experiment.
Vision-based multisensor machine perception system for autonomous aircraft landing approach

A machine perception system for aircraft and helicopters using multiple sensor data for state estimation is presented. By combining conventional aircraft sensors like gyros, accelerometers, artificial horizon, aerodynamic measuring devices and GPS with vision data taken by conventional CCD-cameras mounted on a pan and tilt platform, the position of the craft can be determined as well as the relative position to runways or helicopter landing spots. The vision data are required to improve position estimates of GPS is available only in the S/A mode. The architectural design of the machine perception system allows the connection of other processing modules, for example a radar sensor, using the pre-defined interface structure. The system presented also incorporates a control module which uses estimated vehicle states for navigation and control in order to conduct automatic flight and landing. The system has been tested in real-time within a hardware-in-the-loop simulation. Simulated aircraft measurements corrupted by noise and other characteristic sensor errors have been fed into the machine perception system; the image processing module for relative state estimation was driven by computer generated imagery. Results from real-time simulation runs are given.
Towards a coherent picture of excitonic coherence in the Fenna–Matthews–Olson complex

Observations of long-lived coherence between excited states in several photosynthetic antenna complexes has motivated interest in developing a more detailed understanding of the role of the protein matrix in guiding the underlying dynamics of the system. These experiments suggest that classical rate laws may not provide an adequate description of the energy transfer process and that quantum effects must be taken into account to describe the near unity transfer efficiency in these systems. Recently, it has been shown that coherences between different pairs of excitons dephase at different rates. These details should provide some insight about the underlying electronic structure of the complex and its coupling to the protein bath. Here we show that a simple model can account for the different dephasing rates as well as the most current available experimental evidence of excitonic coherences in the Fenna–Matthews–Olson complex. The differences in dephasing rates can be understood as arising largely from differences in the delocalization and shared character between the underlying electronic states. We also suggest that the anomalously low dephasing rate of the exciton 1–2 coherence is enhanced by non-secular effects.
Improved Estimates of the European Winter Windstorm Climate and the Risk of Reinsurance Loss Using Climate Model Data

Abstract Current estimates of the European windstorm climate and their associated losses are often hampered by either relatively short, coarse resolution or inhomogeneous datasets. This study tries to overcome some of these shortcomings by estimating the European windstorm climate using dynamical seasonal-to-decadal (s2d) climate forecasts from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The current s2d models have limited predictive skill of European storminess, making the ensemble forecasts ergodic samples on which to build pseudoclimates of 310–396 yr in length. Extended winter (October–April) windstorm climatologies are created using scalar extreme wind indices considering only data above a high threshold. The method identifies up to 2363 windstorms in s2d data and up to 380 windstorms in the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40). Classical extreme value analysis (EVA) techniques are used to determine the windstorm climatologies. Differences between the ERA-40 and s2d windstorm climatol.
Interplanetary magnetic field power spectra - Mean field radial or perpendicular to radial

Power spectral, correlation, and coherency analyses have been made for selected periods of Pioneer 6 interplanetary magnetic field data for the frequency range of 5 x 10/sup -4/ to 1.6 x 10/sup -2/ Hz. The periods are chosen for times when the mean field was either radial or perpendicular to the heliocentric radius. At such times, some of the interpretive ambiguities which arise from the convection of the magnetic field by the solar wind are removed, and the field fluctuations can be understood in terms of the spatial dependence of wave or static structures. Results from the power spectral and coherency analyses for the radial field periods indicate the existence of constant-magnitude Alfven waves propagating along the field as well as magnetosonic waves propagating obliquely to the mean field. No evidence for a significant component of circularly polarized Alfven waves is found. Our results also rule out some magnetic field models which have been widely used in cosmic ray studies. Differences in the spectral slopes and power levels for magnetic field fluctuations parallel and transverse to the mean field indicate that the radial field indicate that the radial periods cannot be approximated by isotropic magnetic field fluctuations while the perpendicularmore » periods are not fit by the 'slab' model. All periods are consistent with a superposition of Alfven waves and magnetosonic waves with less than one quarter of the power in the magnetosonic waves as in Alfven waves. Finally, autocorrelation analysis for the radial periods indicates that the correlation length for transverse magnetic fluctuations between discontinuities is 2--6 x 10/sup 10/ cm. (AIP)« less