Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploiting transcription factor binding site clustering to identify cis-regulatory modules involved in pattern formation in the Drosophila genome

A major challenge in interpreting genome sequences is understanding how the genome encodes the information that specifies when and where a gene will be expressed. The first step in this process is the identification of regions of the genome that contain regulatory information. In higher eukaryotes, this cis-regulatory information is organized into modular units [cis-regulatory modules (CRMs)] of a few hundred base pairs. A common feature of these cis-regulatory modules is the presence of multiple binding sites for multiple transcription factors. Here, we evaluate the extent to which the tendency for transcription factor binding sites to be clustered can be used as the basis for the computational identification of cis-regulatory modules. By using published DNA binding specificity data for five transcription factors active in the early Drosophila embryo, we identified genomic regions containing unusually high concentrations of predicted binding sites for these factors. A significant fraction of these binding site clusters overlap known CRMs that are regulated by these factors. In addition, many of the remaining clusters are adjacent to genes expressed in a pattern characteristic of genes regulated by these factors. We tested one of the newly identified clusters, mapping upstream of the gap gene giant (gt), and show that it acts as an enhancer that recapitulates the posterior expression pattern of gt.
Notice of RetractionComparative Advantage Opportunity between Home Country and Host Countries: New Perspective on International Entrepreneurial Process

Based on the systematic analysis of literature on international entrepreneurial research, this paper critically absorbs the existing international entrepreneurship theories, pointing out that the core of international entrepreneurial process is the issue of comparative advantage opportunity, and international entrepreneurship is essentially a process of inherent unity between cross-border value creation and the identification, assessment and use of comparative advantage opportunity. Meanwhile, this paper also clarifies the core meaning of comparative advantage opportunity as well as its unique features of relativity, and points out that comparative advantage opportunity can be divided into three levels, that is, value acquisition, control and support, all of which are corresponding to three types that are market, cost and resources. On this basis, we build a model of international entrepreneurial process, which provides a new perspective on integrated analytical framework to systematically understand the international entrepreneurial process, and complement and extend the existing theories of international entrepreneurship.
Sequential Matrix Diagonalisation Algorithms for Polynomial EVD of Parahermitian Matrices

—For parahermitian polynomial matrices, which can be used, for example, to characterise space-time covariance in broadband array processing, the conventional eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) can be generalised to a polynomial matrix EVD (PEVD). In this paper, a new iterative PEVD algorithm based on sequential matrix diagonalisation (SMD) is introduced. At every step the SMD algorithm shifts the dominant column or row of the polynomial matrix to the zero lag position and eliminates the resulting instantaneous correlation. A proof of convergence is provided, and it is demonstrated that SMD establishes diagonalisation faster and with lower order operations than existing PEVD algorithms.
Population Value Decomposition, a Framework for the Analysis of Image Populations

Images, often stored in multidimensional arrays, are fast becoming ubiquitous in medical and public health research. Analyzing populations of images is a statistical problem that raises a host of daunting challenges. The most significant challenge is the massive size of the datasets incorporating images recorded for hundreds or thousands of subjects at multiple visits. We introduce the population value decomposition (PVD), a general method for simultaneous dimensionality reduction of large populations of massive images. We show how PVD can be seamlessly incorporated into statistical modeling, leading to a new, transparent, and rapid inferential framework. Our PVD methodology was motivated by and applied to the Sleep Heart Health Study, the largest community-based cohort study of sleep containing more than 85 billion observations on thousands of subjects at two visits. This article has supplementary material online.
We Have Met the Enemy And …

We live in an age in which … honesty is possible only when it skirts the edges of cynicism. All this is rather tragic. … Yet there is beauty in our tragedy. We are, at least, rid of some of our illusions. We can no longer buy the highest satisfactions of the individual life at the expense of our social injustice. We cannot build individual ladders to heaven and leave the total human enterprise unredeemed of its excesses and corruptions. —Reinhold Niebuhr, Moral Man and Immoral Society
Open-Source Implementation of Monitoring and Controlling Services for EMS/SCADA Systems by Means of Web Services— IEC 61850 and IEC 61970 Standards

This paper presents an implementation of monitoring and controlling services for energy-management system/supervisory-control-and-data-acquisition systems, based on IEC 61970 and IEC 61850 international standards. The proposed solution is based on Web services technology that enables the typical advantages of an open-source framework, such as applications decoupling, applications integration, reduction of upgrading costs, reuse of existing infrastructures, and ease of development. Standardized interfaces are provided by the generic interface definition interfaces of IEC 61970. The Web server that has been developed has been tested in a simulation environment where the physical devices of a generic power system were simulated with databases whose data models were provided by the common information model of IEC 61970.
Losing the Wind Beneath Your Wings

Support from romantic partners can have tremendous benefits for people’s personal goal pursuits. However, when relationships end in breakup, this goal support is lost. Thus, breakup may have important consequences for goal progress. A longitudinal study found that breaking up with goal instrumental partners predicted poorer subsequent goal progress. Breaking up with noninstrumental partners did not impair goal progress. In contrast, breakup did not predict changes in goal importance, suggesting that people still valued goals associated with their former partners. These findings are the first to reveal a hidden potential cost of breakup: losing the support people once relied on to achieve their valued personal goals. Thus, finding alternative sources of goal support may be essential to coping successfully with breakup.
Multivariate meta-analysis using individual participant data

When combining results across related studies, a multivariate meta‐analysis allows the joint synthesis of correlated effect estimates from multiple outcomes. Joint synthesis can improve efficiency over separate univariate syntheses, may reduce selective outcome reporting biases, and enables joint inferences across the outcomes. A common issue is that within‐study correlations needed to fit the multivariate model are unknown from published reports. However, provision of individual participant data (IPD) allows them to be calculated directly. Here, we illustrate how to use IPD to estimate within‐study correlations, using a joint linear regression for multiple continuous outcomes and bootstrapping methods for binary, survival and mixed outcomes. In a meta‐analysis of 10 hypertension trials, we then show how these methods enable multivariate meta‐analysis to address novel clinical questions about continuous, survival and binary outcomes; treatment–covariate interactions; adjusted risk/prognostic factor effects; longitudinal data; prognostic and multiparameter models; and multiple treatment comparisons. Both frequentist and Bayesian approaches are applied, with example software code provided to derive within‐study correlations and to fit the models. © 2014 The Authors. Research Synthesis Methods published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relativistic cosmic-ray spectra in the fully nonlinear theory of shock acceleration.

The non-linear theory of shock acceleration was generalized to include wave dynamics. In the limit of rapid wave damping, it is found that a finite wave velocity tempers the acceleration of high Mach number shocks and limits the maximum compression ratio even when energy loss is important. For a given spectrum, the efficiency of relativistic particle production is essentially independent of v sub Ph. For the three families shown, the percentage of kinetic energy flux going into relativistic particles is (1) 72 percent, (2) 44 percent, and (3) 26 percent (this includes the energy loss at the upper energy cutoff). Even small v sub ph, typical of the HISM, produce quasi-universal spectra that depend only weakly on the acoustic Mach number. These spectra should be close enough to e(-2) to satisfy cosmic ray source requirements.
Sol-Gel Zinc Oxide Humidity Sensors Integrated with a Ring Oscillator Circuit On-a-Chip

The study develops an integrated humidity microsensor fabricated using the commercial 0.18 μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The integrated humidity sensor consists of a humidity sensor and a ring oscillator circuit on-a-chip. The humidity sensor is composed of a sensitive film and branch interdigitated electrodes. The sensitive film is zinc oxide prepared by sol-gel method. After completion of the CMOS process, the sensor requires a post-process to remove the sacrificial oxide layer and to coat the zinc oxide film on the interdigitated electrodes. The capacitance of the sensor changes when the sensitive film adsorbs water vapor. The circuit is used to convert the capacitance of the humidity sensor into the oscillation frequency output. Experimental results show that the output frequency of the sensor changes from 84.3 to 73.4 MHz at 30 °C as the humidity increases 40 to 90 %RH.
Advances in Ileitis Control, Diagnosis, Epidemiology and the Economic Impacts of Disease in Commercial Pig Herds

Proliferative enteropathy, commonly known as “ileitis” continues to be a significant production-limiting disease in pig herds throughout the world. The disease can be controlled with a combination of vaccination and antibiotic medication. However, pressure from consumers to reduce antibiotic use in livestock industries highlights the need to better understand the epidemiology of ileitis, the mechanisms of immunity, and to identify management factors that can reduce the load of Lawsonia intracellularis in both pigs and the environment. New diagnostic assays and economic modelling of ileitis will help producers target optimal treatment times and minimize the production losses associated with ileitis. This review aims to outline the current advances in disease diagnosis, epidemiology, control strategies and the economic impact of both clinical and sub-clinical disease.
Macrophages Are Critical for Cross-Protective Immunity Conferred by Babesia microti against Babesia rodhaini Infection in Mice

ABSTRACT Although primary infection of mice with Babesia microti has been shown to protect mice against subsequent lethal infection by Babesia rodhaini, the mechanism behind the cross-protection is unknown. To unravel this mechanism, we investigated the influence of primary infection of mice with nonlethal B. microti using different time courses on the outcome of subsequent lethal B. rodhaini infection. Simultaneous infections of mice with these parasites resulted in rapid increases in parasitemia, with 100% mortality in BALB/c mice, as observed with control mice infected with B. rodhaini alone. In contrast, mice with acute, resolving, and chronic-phase B. microti infections were completely protected against B. rodhaini, resulting in low parasitemia and no mortalities. Mice immunized with dead B. microti were not protected from B. rodhaini infection, although high antibody responses were induced. Interestingly, the protected mice had significantly decreased levels of antibody response, cytokines (including gamma interferon [IFN-γ], interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12), and nitric oxide levels after infection with B. rodhaini. SCID mice and IFN-γ-deficient mice with chronic B. microti infections demonstrated protective responses comparable to those of immunocompetent mice. Likewise, in vivo NK cell depletion did not significantly impair the protective responses. Conversely, macrophage depletion resulted in increased susceptibility to B. rodhaini infection associated with changes in their antibody and cytokines profiles, indicating that macrophages contribute to the protection against this challenge infection. We conclude that future development of vaccines against Babesia should include a strategy that enhances the appropriate activation of macrophages.
Adaptive interleaving for OFDM in TDD systems

We proposed a novel interleaving technique, namely adaptive interleaving, which can break the bursty channel errors more effectively than traditional block interleaving. This new scheme resequences the transmitted symbols adaptively according to the instantaneous subcarrier channel state information. In this way, the bursty errors introduced by the channel can be broken more effectively, thus a better BER performance can be achieved. This technique is well-suited to OFDM systems because the CSI values of the whole frame could be estimated at once when transmitted symbols are framed in the frequency dimension. Computer simulation shows that significant SNR gains can be achieved, compared with traditional block interleaving.
From Politics to Morality: A case study comparing the Ideology and Morality textbooks and the Ideology and Politics textbooks in mainland China

The political and moral curriculum is the one of the most important curriculum for children in school because it is the curriculum that governments use to civilize young citizens. The Chinese political and moral curriculum had been taught in junior middle school (from grade 7 to 9) since the anti-Japanese war in1937. Until 1992, the political and moral curriculum was named the “Ideology and Politics” curriculum in junior middle school. However, in 2011, Chinese education bureau implemented a national curriculum reform in all schools in China. The “Ideology and Politics” curriculum was renamed the “Ideology and Morality”. The textbooks of the “Ideology and Politics” curriculum were revised at this time. This thesis will focus on the political and moral textbook reform in 2011 to examine how and why the government of the People Republic of China (PRC) reformed political and moral textbooks. Textual analysis will be used as the main method in this thesis. The thesis will analyze and compare the former Ideology and Politics textbooks and the new Ideology and Morality textbooks and identify the similarities and differences. Theoretically, this thesis draws mainly on Borge Bakken’s The Exemplary Society, and Marie Lall and Edward Vickers’ Education as a Political Tool in Asia. As suggested by the title, the thesis explores how the PRC government has changed its approach to the Chinese political and moral education of young people in contemporary China, and moved the focus of the textbooks from “politics” to “morality”.
Acrocapitofemoral dysplasia: an autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia with cone shaped epiphyses in the hands and hips

Genetic disorders of the skeleton or skeletal dysplasias are a clinically diverse and genetically heterogeneous group of connective tissue disorders affecting skeletal morphogenesis and development.1–4 More than 200 different entities have been described.5 Despite the growing availability of molecular testing for several of these disorders, the diagnosis of a skeletal dysplasia still relies primarily on a thorough clinical and radiographic study of the patient.6 Some particular radiographic signs can be very helpful in establishing the diagnosis. One such example is the presence of cone shaped epiphyses.7 In most instances, cone shaped epiphyses represent the initial stage of premature epimetaphyseal fusion resulting in growth arrest and shortening of the bone involved. Analysis of the site and shape of cone shaped epiphyses, in particular of the phalanges, can be helpful in the diagnosis of skeletal dysplasias.8–10 Based on the observation of four patients, we delineate a new skeletal dysplasia with autosomal recessive inheritance. Because all cases show cone shaped epiphyses in the hands and a radiographically characteristic involvement of the proximal femoral epiphyses, we propose naming this condition acrocapitofemoral dysplasia. ### Patient 1 Patient 1 was referred at the age of 9.5 years with the tentative diagnosis of hypochondroplasia. She was born at 34 weeks’ gestation with a birth weight of 2470 g (50th centile) and length of 47 cm (50th-90th centile). The pregnancy was uncomplicated and the delivery uneventful. Around the age of 7 years, short stature was noted. She had normal psychomotor development but experienced emotional problems related to her short stature. The parents are healthy but consanguineous (fig 1A). The father measures 166 cm and the mother 163 cm. A younger sister is also healthy and has a normal height. Physical examination at the age of 9 years 6 months showed short stature with height …
Overview of PUF-based hardware security solutions for the internet of things

The Internet of Things (IoT) consists of numerous inter-connected resource-constrained devices such as sensors nodes and actuators, which are linked to the Internet. By 2020 it is anticipated that the IoT paradigm will include approximately 20 billion connected devices. The interconnection of such devices provides the ability to collect a huge amount of data for processing and analysis. A significant portion of the transacted data between IoT devices is private information, which must not in any way be eavesdropped on or tampered with. Security in IoT devices is therefore of paramount importance for further development of the technology. Such devices typically have limited area and energy resources, which makes the use of classic cryptography prohibitively expensive. Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are a class of novel hardware security primitives that promise a paradigm shift in many security applications; their relatively simple architecture can answer many of the security challenges of energy-constrained IoT devices. In this paper, we discuss the design challenges of secure IoT systems; then we explain the principles of PUFs; finally we discuss the outstanding reliability and security problems of PUF technology and outline the open research questions in this field.
Color Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulas

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The Effects of Incidental Similarity with a Stranger on Mimicry Behavior

Aims: For social psychologists, mimicry could serve a function of "social glue", binding people together and creating harmonious relationships. Design: In three experiments, we used the paradigm of incidental similarity in order to enhance the desire to create affiliation and rapport between a participant and a stranger, and to evaluate its effect on mimicry behavior. Findings: Undergraduates who believed they had the same first name (Study 1), birthday (Study 2) or fingerprint similarity (Study 3) as a female-target presented on a videotape were more likely to mimic the nonverbal behavior of the target than participants who did not perceive a similarity with the target. Conclusions: These results support the notion that mimicry will help us to create affiliation and rapport because the desire to build such relations enhances when incidental similarity exists between two strangers.
High incidence of zidovudine induced anaemia in HIV infected patients in eastern India.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Zidovudine (ZDV) is the preferred nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor in the first line antiretroviral regimen in India. It is known to be associated with life threatening toxicity like anaemia. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of ZDV induced anaemia in HIV infected patients initiated on ZDV containing antiretroviral therapy regimen and also to find out the correlates, if any, for causing ZDV induced anaemia. METHODS This retrospective study was carried in ART Centre, Sir Sunderlal Hospital, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi between March 2005 to December 2007. HIV infected patients registered at ART Centre were treated according to guidelines of National AIDS Control Organization (NACO). Patients (n=1256) with haemoglobin (Hb)>8 g/dl were prescribed ZDV based antiretroviral therapy regimens. Patients developing anaemia (<8 g/dl) with other causes of anaemia excluded were recorded. Correlation of baseline characteristics (age, gender, haemoglobin levels, weight, CD(4) counts and WHO clinical stage) with risk of developing anaemia was also calculated. RESULTS Two hundred three (16.2%) patients on ZDV regimen developed anaemia (<8 g%); 7.9 per cent (n=100) of these developed severe anaemia (<6.5 g%). Females were more prone to develop anaemia (P=0.026). Age, weight, WHO clinical stage and CD4 counts had no relation to development of anaemia. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION High incidence of ZDV induced anaemia seen in this study indicates regular monitoring of patients, particularly women on ZDV based antiretroviral regimens.
Comparing the Costs of Public Key Authentication Infrastructures

Fully automatic, swift and reliable packing of stockings or the like is carried out by combination of an upstream stockings folder assembly and a downstream stockings encloser assembly, the folder assembly folds each pair of stockings for required times each time by cooperation of a reciprocal inserter plate and a nip formed by a pair of circulating suffaces for catching the stockings, and the encloser assembly inserts the folded stockings into plastic unit envelopes, either separate or combined in a continuous band, by cooperation of an insertion guide provisionaly enterable into each unit envelope and an inserter plate for assigning the folded stockings from the insertion guide to the unit envelope.
A 40-to-76 GHz Balanced Distributed Doubler in 0.13-μm CMOS Technology

A miniature 40- to 76-GHz monolithic balanced distributed frequency doubler is developed in a commercial 0.13-mum CMOS process. This balanced doubler consists of a reduced-size broadside-coupled Marchand balun and two distributed doublers, and suppresses fundamental signals better than 25 dB. The measured conversion losses are 8-11 dB for the output frequencies from 40 to 76-GHz under 6-dBm input drive, with a low dc power consumption of 12 mW. The chip size is 0.64 times 0.65 mm2. To the best of our knowledge, this doubler achieves the widest bandwidth among all the CMOS doublers reported to date.