Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rare mutations in the spatial Lambda-Fleming-Viot model in a fluctuating environment and SuperBrownian Motion

We investigate the behaviour of an establishing mutation which is subject to rapidly fluctuating selection under the Lambda-Fleming-Viot model and show that under a suitable scaling it converges to the Feller diffusion in a random environment. We then extend to a population that is distributed across a spatial continuum. In this setting the scaling limit is the SuperBrownian motion in a random environment.The scaling results for the behaviour of the rare allele are achieved via particle representations which belong to the family of `lookdown constructions'. This generalises the results obtained for the neutral version of the model by Chetwynd-Diggle and Etheridge (2018), which was proved using a duality argument. To our knowledge this is the first instance of the application of the lookdown approach in which other techniques seem unavailable.
Correlation watermark for image authentication and alternation locations detection

In this work, a new watermarking scheme is proposed to authenticate an image. This scheme is capable to detect the alternation locations, if any. The basic idea of this scheme is to uniquely represent a given image by a short string-sequence. This string-sequence is based on a correlation coefficient statistic; where the relationship between two adjacent image-rows/columns is utilized. To generate this string-sequence a given image is divided into small blocks, where each block generates a different string-sequence. The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) is employed to sign these string-sequences to form an image dependant block-based watermark. Experimental results showed that the proposed watermark is highly sensitive to any alteration, and it can identify the location of any modified block in a given image.
Statistical mechanics of the 2D quantum XY model in a transverse field

The 2D quantum XY model is introduced and the phase diagram is obtained. The model shows a paramagnetic, an ordered ferromagnetic and an ordered 'oscillatory' phase. The line of phase transitions, from the paramagnetic to the ferromagnetic phase is seen to be in the same universality class as the 3D Ising model. Along this line, critical exponents are v=0.629+or-0.002 and beta =0.324+or-0.009.
Gorenstein Projective Complexes with Respect to Cotorsion Pairs

Let (A, B) be a complete and hereditary cotorsion pair in the category of left R-modules. In this paper, the so-called Gorenstein projective complexes with respect to the cotorsion pair (A, B) are introduced. We show that these complexes are just the complexes of Gorenstein projective modules with respect to the cotorsion pair (A, B). As an application, we prove that both the Gorenstein projective modules with respect to cotorsion pairs and the Gorenstein projective complexes with respect to cotorsion pairs possess stability.
Dirac groupoids and Dirac bialgebroids

We describe infinitesimally Dirac groupoids via geometric objects that we call Dirac bialgebroids. In the two well-understood special cases of Poisson and presymplectic groupoids, the Dirac bialgebroids are equivalent to the Lie bialgebroids and IM-$2$-forms, respectively. In the case of multiplicative involutive distributions on Lie groupoids, we find new properties of infinitesimal ideal systems.
Simple fabrication of a ZnO nanowire photodetector with a fast photoresponse time

A zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowire photodetector was fabricated by a simple method of growing ZnO nanowires bridging the gap of two patterned zinc electrodes. The nanowire growth is self-catalytic, involving the direct heating of patterned Zn electrodes at 700°C in an O2∕Ar gas flow of 20SCCM (standard cubic centimeter per minute at STP)/80SCCM, respectively, at atmospheric pressure for 3h. The fabricated photodetector demonstrated fast response of shorter than 0.4ms to UV illumination in air, which could be attributed to the adsorption, desorption, and diffusion of water molecules in the air onto the nanowire significantly influencing the photoresponse.
Multi-Feature Integrated Concurrent Neural Network for Human Facial Expression Recognition

Facial expression helps to communicate between the people for conveying abundant information about human emotions. Facial expression classification is applied in various fields such as remote learning education, medical care, and smart traffic. However, due to the complexity and diversity of the facial emotions, the present facial expression recognition model causes a low recognition rate and it is hard to extract the precise features that are related to facial expression changes. In order to overcome this problem, we proposed Multi-feature Integrated Concurrent Neural Network (MICNN) which is significantly different from the single neural network architectures. It aggregates the prominent features of facial expressions by integrating the three kinds of networks such as Sequential Convolutional Neural Network (SCNN), Residual Dense Network (RDN), and Attention Residual Learning Network (ARLN) to enhance the accuracy rate of facial emotions detection system. Additionally, Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are applied for representing the facial features and these features are combined with the texture features identified by the Gray-level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). Finally, the integrated features are fed into softmax layer to classify the facial images. The experiments are carried out on benchmark datasets by applying k-fold cross-validation and the results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model.
Erratum: The M5 RR Lyrae population

The paper 'The M5 RR Lyrae population' was published in Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 278, 367-394 (1996). The following variables were misidentified in the paper. Star 317 is Sawyer-Hogg variable V96, not V94. Star 333 is variable V104 from the compilation by Evstigneeva et al. (1995), not V96. Star 594 is Sawyer-Hogg variable V17, not V91. Accurate positions for all of the previously identified variables are given by Evstigneeva et al. (1995). V. Goranskij is thanked for bringing that paper to the author's attention and for pointing out these misidentifications.
Geometry and Arithmetic of Maschke's Calabi-Yau Threefold

Maschke's Calabi-Yau threefold is the double cover of projective three space branched along Maschke's octic surface. This surface is defined by the lowest degree invariant of a certain finite group acting on a four dimensional vector space. Using this group, we show that the middle Betti cohomology group of the threefold decomposes into the direct sum of 150 two-dimensional Hodge substructures. We exhibit one dimensional families of rational curves on the threefold and verify that the associated Abel-Jacobi map is non-trivial. By counting the number of points over finite fields, we determine the rank of the N\'eron-Severi group of Maschke's surface and the Galois representation on the transcendental lattice of some of its quotients. We also formulate precise conjectures on the modularity of the Galois representations associated to Maschke's threefold and to a genus 33 curve which parametrizes rational curves in the threefold.
New developments in direct shape determination from small-angle scattering. 2. Uniqueness

The problem of uniqueness of the low-resolution shape determination from small-angle scattering by isotropic monodisperse systems is considered. The particle shape is represented by the envelope function parameterized using spherical harmonics as described in a previous paper [Svergun & Stuhrmann (1991). Acta Cryst. A47, 736–744]. Computer simulations are made on the model bodies with sharp boundaries exactly represented by spherical harmonics. If the number of independent parameters describing the shape is 1 to 1.5 times the number of Shannon channels covered by the data set, the shape restoration is found to be unique and stable with respect to the random and systematic errors. The resolution limits of the straightforward shape determination are connected to the computational accuracy of the model intensities; with current algorithms, shapes described by 15 to 20 independent parameters can be uniquely determined. The results form a basis for an ab initio low-resolution shape determination in terms of spherical harmonics.
Impact of the Timing of Maternal Peripartum Depression on Infant Social and Emotional Development at 18 Months

The study assessed how the timing of maternal perinatal depressive symptoms affects infant socio-emotional characteristics at age 18 months. The study was a longitudinal cohort study that included six assessment points from the third trimester of pregnancy up to age 18 months (±1 month). Assessment of mothers included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, while assessments of infant included the Infant Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA) at 18 months. Mothers were categorized into one of the following groups: mothers who presented postnatal depression only (n = 19); mothers who presented both prenatal and postnatal depression (n = 14), and mothers who never showed perinatal depression symptoms (n = 38). Mothers who presented both prenatal and postnatal depression showed significantly higher levels of depressive score, reactivity to stress and level of anxiety trait compared to mothers of the two other groups. Infants of prenatally and postnatally depressed mothers had higher scores on the internalizing subscore of the ITSEA. The number of depression episodes during the study period was positively correlated with the externalizing and internalizing subscores of the ITSEA. These findings support the need to provide specific screening to identify women with prenatal depression.
Vector ladder operators for the central potentials

A new class of nonlinear Lie algebra has been found, which is generated naturally by the Hamiltonian operator, the square of the angular momentum operator and the ladder operator for the central potentials. According to the theory of nonlinear Lie algebra, without using the factorization method, we obtained the vector ladder operators for the three-dimensional isotropic harmonic oscillator and hydrogen atom. The radial components of these operators, which are independent of the quantum numbers, are just the radial ladder operators for the same potentials.
Self-consistent models for Coulomb heated X-ray pulsar atmospheres

Calculations of accreting magnetized neutron star atmospheres heated by the gradual deceleration of Protons via Coulomb collisions are presented. Self consistent determinations of the temperature and density structure for different accretion rates are made by assuming hydrostatic equilibrium and energy balance, coupled with radiative transfer. The full radiative transfer in two polarizations, using magnetic cross sections but with cyclotron resonance effects treated approximately, is carried out in the inhomogeneous atmospheres. Previously announced in STAR as N84-12012
Necessary conditions for variational regularization schemes

We study variational regularization methods in a general framework, more precisely those methods that use a discrepancy and a regularization functional. While several sets of sufficient conditions are known to obtain a regularization method, we start with an investigation of the converse question: how could necessary conditions for a variational method to provide a regularization method look? To this end, we formalize the notion of a variational scheme and start with a comparison of three different instances of variational methods. Then we focus on the data space model and investigate the role and interplay of the topological structure, the convergence notion and the discrepancy functional. Especially, we deduce necessary conditions for the discrepancy functional to fulfil usual continuity assumptions. The results are applied to discrepancy functionals given by Bregman distances and especially to the Kullback–Leibler divergence.
Discretized Lavrent’ev regularization for the autoconvolution equation

Lavrent’ev regularization for the autoconvolution equation was considered by Janno J. in Lavrent’ev regularization of ill-posed problems containing nonlinear near-to-monotone operators with application to autoconvolution equation, Inverse Prob. 2000;16:333–348. Here this study is extended by considering discretization of the Lavrent’ev scheme by splines. It is shown how to maintain the known convergence rate by an appropriate choice of spline spaces and a proper choice of the discretization level. For piece-wise constant splines the discretized equation allows for an explicit solver, in contrast to using higher order splines. This is used to design a fast implementation by means of post-smoothing, which provides results, which are indistinguishable from results obtained by direct discretization using cubic splines.
Bioadsorptive Removal of the Pollutant Zn(II) from Wastewater by Delftia tsuruhatensis Biomass

This investigation suggests the applicability of Delftia tsuruhatensis biomass for the removal of Zn(II) from the aqueous environment. Twenty-three zinc-resistant bacterial strains were isolated from contaminated rhizosphere soils. Selectively, the bacterium strain SA-101 was selected as the most zinc-resistant and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as Delftia tsuruhatensis SA-101. D. tsuruhatensis SA-101 has been assigned the accession number MW629784 in the GenBank database. The optimal pH and reaction contact time for Zn(II) removal by D. tsuruhatensis SA-101 were 6.0 and 30 min, respectively. Moreover, the equilibrium and kinetic models have been applied to the Zn(II) biosorption process. The Zn(II) concentration was estimated using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The qmax for bioadsorptive Zn(II) removal was calculated to be 90.91 ± 0.36 mg/g. The biosorption equilibrium was well fitted with the Freundlich model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. So, using the biomass of D. tsuruhatensis SA-101 as a biosorbent of Zn(II) from industrial wastewater represents a promising and viable alternative to chemical treatment from an environmental and economic view.
Exact solution for a random walk in a time-dependent 1D random environment: the point-to-point Beta polymer

We consider the Beta polymer, an exactly solvable model of directed polymer on the square lattice, introduced by Barraquand and Corwin (BC) (2016 Probab. Theory Relat. Fields 1–16). We study the statistical properties of its point to point partition sum. The problem is equivalent to a model of a random walk in a time-dependent (and in general biased) 1D random environment. In this formulation, we study the sample to sample fluctuations of the transition probability distribution function (PDF) of the random walk. Using the Bethe ansatz we obtain exact formulas for the integer moments, and Fredholm determinant formulas for the Laplace transform of the directed polymer partition sum/random walk transition probability. The asymptotic analysis of these formulas at large time t is performed both (i) in a diffusive vicinity, x∼t1/2, of the optimal direction (in space-time) chosen by the random walk, where the fluctuations of the PDF are found to be Gamma distributed; (ii) in the large deviations regime, x∼t, of the random walk, where the fluctuations of the logarithm of the PDF are found to grow with time as t1/3 and to be distributed according to the Tracy–Widom GUE distribution. Our exact results complement those of BC for the cumulative distribution function of the random walk in regime (ii), and in regime (i) they unveil a novel fluctuation behavior. We also discuss the crossover regime between (i) and (ii), identified as x∼t3/4. Our results are confronted to extensive numerical simulations of the model.
ISSA Online Estimation Method for Guided Projectile Angular Rate Based on Magnetoresistive Sensors

Due to the complex and harsh launching and flying environment of guided projectile, gyros strapdown to projectile is easy to fail, and projectile angular rate cannot be accurately sensed. In this article, an online estimation model of projectile angular rate is established, which describes the mathematical relationship among output information of magnetoresistive sensors, the angular rate of gyro output, and attitude matrix. In order to realize the real-time estimation of projectile angular rate, an improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA) is proposed. This method combines adaptive dynamic step strategy with dynamic compression search strategy, improving the traditional SSA. This method takes angular rate as the optimization object and uses the ISSA diagonal rate estimation model to solve and obtain high-precision estimation of angular rate. The simulation results verify the correctness and feasibility of the online estimation model of projectile angular rate only using magnetoresistive sensors, and the precision of angular rate estimation based on the ISSA is better than that of the traditional intelligent optimization algorithm.
On a Boltzmann equation for Haldane statistics

The paper is a study of quantum quasi-particles obeying Haldane statistics in a fully non-linear kinetic Boltzmann equation model with large initial data on a torus. Strong L1 solutions are obtained for the Cauchy problem. The main results concern existence, uniqueness, and stability. Depending on the space dimension and the collision kernel, the results obtained are local or global in time.
NEGATIVE POINT MASS SINGULARITIES IN GENERAL RELATIVITY

First we review the definition of a negative point mass singularity. Then we examine the gravitational lensing effects of these singularities in isolation and with shear and convergence from continuous matter. We review the Inverse Mean Curvature Flow and use this flow to prove some new results about the mass of a singularity, the ADM mass of the manifold, and the capacity of the singularity. We describe some particular examples of these singularities that exhibit additional symmetries.
An Injecting Molding Method for Forming the HFRP/PA6 Composite Parts

Carbon/glass fiber-reinforced polymer hybrid composite (HFRP) has the advantages of a light weight and high strength. For the lightweight design of automobile parts, composite parts made of HFRP and polymer materials are increasingly in demand. The method of the injection molding is usually adopted to fabricate composite part with HFRP and polymer materials. The connecting strength between the two materials has an important influence on the service life of the composite part. In this paper, HFRP and polyamide-6 (PA6) were used to fabricate a composite part by the injection molding method. In order to improve the connecting strength between HFRP and PA6, a kind of micro-grooves was fabricated on the HFRP surface. The micro-grooves on the surface of the HFRP provided sufficient adhesion and infiltrating space of molten PA6 material into the mold. In addition, the glass fiber in HFRP can also be used as nucleating agent to facilitate the rapid crystallization of PA6. The micro-grooves on the surface of HFRP were embedded into PA6 like nails, which could improve the connecting strength at the interface effectively. The paper investigated the effects of mold temperature, injection pressure, holding pressure and holding time on the injection quality and connecting strength of composite parts in detail. With a mold temperature of 240 °C, an injection pressure of 8 MPa, a holding pressure of 8 MPa and a holding time of 3 s, the maximum tensile strength of 10.68 MPa was obtained for the composite part. At the effect of micro-grooves, the tensile strength of the composite part could be increased by 126.27%.
The spectrum of a family of fourth-order equations near the global attractor

The thin-film and quantum drift diffusion equations belong to a fourthorder family of evolution equations proposed in [16] to be analogous to the (second-order) porous medium family. They are 2-Wasserstein gradient (W2) flows of the generalized Fisher information I(u) just as the porous medium family was shown to be the W2 gradient flow of the generalized entropy E(u) by Otto [33]. The identity I(u) = |∇W2E(u)| 2/2, allows us to linearize the fourth-order dynamics around the self-similar solution, which satisfies ∇W2E(u∗) = 0 in self-similar variables. We diagonalize this linearization by coupling the resulting relation HessW2 I(u∗) = Hess 2 W2 E(u∗) with the diagonalization of the analogous linearization HessW2 E(u∗) for the porous medium flow computed in [38]. This yields information about the leadingand higherorder asymptotics of the equation on RN which — outside of special cases [9, 12, 28] — was inaccessible previously.
Empirical Bayes classification rules for minefield detection

Emperical Bayes classification rules are derived for minefield detection. Laplace approximations for the likelihood function and for the posterior density are used to construct approximate Bayes rules for classifying each unit or region as belonging to one of the two possible types, indicating the presence or absence of mines. Approximate maximum likelihood estimation is proposed assuming that repeated observations are available. An application to a multivariate Poisson log normal model is discussed briefly.
Feedback stabilization of double pendulum: Application to the crane systems with time-varying rope length

In the present paper we focus our attention on the design of the feedback-based feed-forward controller asymptotically stabilizing the double-pendulum-type crane system with the time-varying rope length in the desired end position of payload (the origin of the coordinate system). In principle, we will consider two cases, in the first case, the sway angle of payload is uncontrolled and the second case, when the sway angle of payload is controlled by an external force. Mathematical modelling in the framework of Lagrange formalism and numerical simulation in the Matlab environment indicate the substantial reduction of the transportation time to the desired end position. Another principal novelty of this paper lies in deriving and analysis of a complete mathematical model without approximating the nonlinear terms and without neglecting some structural parameters of systems for the reasons described in the Remark 4.2 and Remark 5.1.
Erratum to: ``Global rates of convergence for nonconvex optimization on manifolds''

We consider the minimization of a cost function $f$ on a manifold $M$ using Riemannian gradient descent and Riemannian trust regions (RTR). We focus on satisfying necessary optimality conditions within a tolerance $\varepsilon$. Specifically, we show that, under Lipschitz-type assumptions on the pullbacks of $f$ to the tangent spaces of $M$, both of these algorithms produce points with Riemannian gradient smaller than $\varepsilon$ in $O(1/\varepsilon^2)$ iterations. Furthermore, RTR returns a point where also the Riemannian Hessian's least eigenvalue is larger than $-\varepsilon$ in $O(1/\varepsilon^3)$ iterations. There are no assumptions on initialization. The rates match their (sharp) unconstrained counterparts as a function of the accuracy $\varepsilon$ (up to constants) and hence are sharp in that sense. These are the first deterministic results for global rates of convergence to approximate first- and second-order Karush-Kuhn-Tucker points on manifolds. They apply in particular for optimization constrained to compact submanifolds of $\mathbb{R}^n$, under simpler assumptions.