Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The maintenance problem of application software: An empirical analysis

This paper presents findings from the analysis of data contained in reports and documents maintained by an MIS department of a major pharmaceutical and nutritional manufacturer. To guide data collection, the paper develops a conceptual framework consisting of a descriptive scheme and an explanation model. The descriptive scheme classifies maintenance activities into four categories: adaptive, corrective, perfective, and ongoing support. The explanation model identifies meta-factors that affect maintenance activity. The meta-factors are age, size, programming language, processing environment, structured programming, modularization, analysis and design methodologies, end-user involvement, documentation generation, and maintenance management. The paper analyses three business functions with high, middle, and low average time per repair maintenance project (ATM) measured in person-hours over a period of one year. Each function has several systems, and each system consists of modules. The analysis of available data for all functions maintained shows that maintenance (both repair and update) consumed 49% of data processing (DP) resources. For the three functions, the majority of these resources are devoted to perfective maintenance and corrective maintenance. Guided by the explanation model, several variables belonging to the meta-factors are identified. The following variables have the most significant influence over maintenance: real-time processing, database processing, end-user ongoing support, module size, number of runs and runtime per module, and number of reports and number of copies per function.
Clustering Big Cancer Data by Effect Sizes

We propose an effect size based approach to compute initial dissimilarities for Ensemble Algorithm of Clustering Cancer Data (EACCD). The proposed method is applied to the colon cancer data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute and compared with the log-rank approach where initial dissimilarities are computed from the log-rank test statistic. The experimental results show that under the proportional hazards assumption, the effect size approach generates robust results and has a better performance than the log-rank approach.
Modular and Polymorphic Set-Based Analysis: Theory and Practice

Set based analysis SBA produces good predictions about the behavior of functional and object oriented programs The analysis proceeds by inferring constraints that char acterize the data ow relationships of the analyzed program Experiences with Rice s program development environment which includes a static debugger based on SBA indicate that SBA can deal with programs of up to a couple of thousand lines of code However SBA does not cope with larger programs because it generates large systems of constraints for these programs These constraint systems are at least linear and possibly quadratic in the size of the analyzed program This paper presents theoretical and practical results concerning methods for reducing the size of constraint systems The theoretical results include a complete proof theoretic characterization of the observable behavior of a constraint system which we use to es tablish a close connection between the observable equivalence of constraint systems and the equivalence of regular tree grammars We then exploit this connection to adapt a variety of algorithms for simplifying grammars to the practical problem of simplify ing constraint systems Based on the resulting algorithms we develop a componential set based analysis a modular and polymorphic variant of SBA Experimental results validate the practicality of the simpli cation algorithms and the analysis The simpli ed constraint systems are typically at least an order of magnitude smaller than the original systems which signi cantly reduces both the time and space required by the analysis
On Chip Antenna Measurement: A Survey of Challenges and Recent Trends

Exponential increase in the requirements of cost effective and highly compact wireless modules has put system-on-chip (SoC) technology in high demand. On-chip-antenna (OCA) is an integral component of SoC-based wireless communication systems and has emerged as a perfect candidate for plethora of promising applications, especially at millimeter wave and terahertz frequencies. OCAs also support compact and low power applications of wireless sensor networks and Internet-of-Things. Since OCAs are manufactured on a single substrate along with other components, therefore their successful realization is subject to several challenges; the most significant of which is their accurate measurement. OCA’s precise characterization is considered to be one of the toughest challenges to overcome since traditional off-chip antenna measurement setups are not suitable for this job. This calls for innovative measurement techniques, setups and solutions to enable their true characterization. Inspired by the significance of OCA characterization, this paper presents a comprehensive survey of the key recent developments in the field of OCA measurements. The techniques used to measure conventional off-chip antennas are briefly outlined followed by a succinct description of OCA’s characterization challenges. The most recent trends and techniques of OCA measurement are expansively compiled. Some avenues for future trends in this regards are also delineated. It is anticipated that the presentation of this review will inspire the research community to come up with the novel methods and proposals to facilitate the OCA characterization process.
Current Trends in the Development of Materials for Bone Grafting and Spinal Fusion (Review)

The review addresses the currently used materials for spinal stabilization surgery by spinal fusion. Among them: autografts; allo- and xenografts; materials of synthetic and biological origin; growth factors; multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells; grafts made by 3D modeling. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of these materials as reported in the literature; with this analysis, we hope to stimulate further research into the graft biocompatibility and biointegration, especially into the issue of reparative regeneration and graft transformation into the bone tissue.
Aquaporin-4 and Cerebrovascular Diseases

Cerebrovascular diseases are conditions caused by problems with brain vasculature, which have a high morbidity and mortality. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is the most abundant water channel in the brain and crucial for the formation and resolution of brain edema. Considering brain edema is an important pathophysiological change after stoke, AQP4 is destined to have close relation with cerebrovascular diseases. However, this relation is not limited to brain edema due to other biological effects elicited by AQP4. Till now, multiple studies have investigated roles of AQP4 in cerebrovascular diseases. This review focuses on expression of AQP4 and the effects of AQP4 on brain edema and neural cells injuries in cerebrovascular diseases including cerebral ischemia, intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. In the current review, we pay more attention to the studies of recent years directly from cerebrovascular diseases animal models or patients, especially those using AQP4 gene knockout mice. This review also elucidates the potential of AQP4as an excellent therapeutic target.
A framework for analytical characterization of monoclonal antibodies based on reactivity profiles in different tissues

MOTIVATION Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are among the most powerful and important tools in biology and medicine. MAb development is of great significance to many research and clinical applications. Therefore, objective mAb classification is essential for categorizing and comparing mAb panels based on their reactivity patterns in different cellular species. However, typical flow cytometric mAb profiles present unique modeling challenges with their non-Gaussian features and intersample variations. It makes accurate mAb classification difficult to do with the currently used kernel-based or hierarchical clustering techniques. RESULTS To address these challenges, in the present study we developed a formal two-step framework called mAbprofiler for systematic, parametric characterization of mAb profiles. Further, we measured the reactivity of hundreds of new antibodies in diverse tissues using flow cytometry, which we successfully classified using mAbprofiler. First, mAbprofiler fits a mAb's flow cytometric histogram with a finite mixture model of skew t distributions that is robust against non-Gaussian features, and constructs a precise, smooth and mathematically rigorous profile. Then it performs novel curve clustering of the fitted mAb profiles using a skew t mixture of non-linear regression model that can handle intersample variation. Thus, mAbprofiler provides a new framework for identifying robust mAb classes, all well defined by distinct parametric templates, which can be used for classifying new mAb samples. We validated our classification results both computationally and empirically using mAb profiles of known classification. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION A demonstration code in R is available at the journal website. The R code implementing the full framework is available from the author website - http://amath.nchu. edu.tw/www/teacher/tilin/software CONTACT saumyadipta_pyne@dfci.harvard. edu SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Mid-Air Haptics for Control Interfaces

Control interfaces and interactions based on touch-less gesture tracking devices have become a prevalent research topic in both industry and academia. Touch-less devices offer a unique interaction immediateness that makes them ideal for applications where direct contact with a physical controller is not desirable. On the other hand, these controllers inherently lack active or passive haptic feedback to inform users about the results of their interaction. Mid-air haptic interfaces, such as those using focused ultrasound waves, can close the feedback loop and provide new tools for the design of touch-less, un-instrumented control interactions. The goal of this workshop is to bring together the growing mid-air haptic research community to identify and discuss future challenges in control interfaces and their application in AR/VR, automotive, music, robotics and teleoperation.
A neural interlingua for multilingual machine translation

We incorporate an explicit neural interlingua into a multilingual encoder-decoder neural machine translation (NMT) architecture. We demonstrate that our model learns a language-independent representation by performing direct zero-shot translation (without using pivot translation), and by using the source sentence embeddings to create an English Yelp review classifier that, through the mediation of the neural interlingua, can also classify French and German reviews. Furthermore, we show that, despite using a smaller number of parameters than a pairwise collection of bilingual NMT models, our approach produces comparable BLEU scores for each language pair in WMT15.
Nurses With Disabilities: Self-Reported Experiences as Hospital Employees

Since enactment of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, U.S. employers have been mandated to provide reasonable accommodation for employees with disabilities. Nurses with disabilities have described their experiences, reflecting occurrences that might be noncompliant with these mandates. There is little information available regarding the work experience of nurses with disabilities practicing in hospitals. How these workers view their work world and how they perceive the way others within that environment think of them and their contributions to patient care is important because these individuals must be included as equal participants in a profession that relies on teamwork to function effectively. An exploratory study was conducted to gain a context-based understanding of the lived experiences of hospital-employed nurses with disabilities. Grounded theory methodology was used to uncover themes and to identify factors comprising “disability climate”; such factors might inform the future development of workplace policies supportive of all nurses.
Optimum Usage of Nano Silica and Silica Fume for Increasing the Strength of Concrete

The optimum content of nanomaterials in the literature varies widely. And the percentage using silica fume (SF) and nano silica (NS) are varying from 0% to 15 % in literature studies. But most of the paper concludes up to 2 % of nano silica with silica fume increases compressive strength more beyond that the compressive strength seems to be decreases and few kinds of the literature concluded that adding 10 % of nano silica increases more strength. So, we are interested to find the optimum percentage of nano silica for increasing high strength of concrete. An experimental investigation has been carried out by adding the cement with constantly 10 % by weight of cement (b.w.c) silica fume (SF) and nano silica (NS) as 2, 4% and 6% b.w. c. The M20 grade concrete is used at w/c 0.45. The compressive test tensile test and Young's modulus test are conducted for finding the optimum strength of concrete.
Squibs and Discussions: Memoization in Top-Down Parsing

In a paper published in this journal, Norvig (1991) pointed out that memoization of a top-down recognizer program produces a program that behaves similiarly to a chart parser. This is not surprising to anyone familiar with logic-programming approaches to natural language processing (NLP). For example, the Earley deduction proof procedure is essentially a memoizing version of the top-down selected literal deletion (SLD) proof procedure employed by Prolog. Pereira and Warren (1983) showed that the steps of the Earley Deduction proof procedure proving the well-formedness of a string S from the standard 'top-down' definite clause grammar (DCG) axiomatization of a contextfree grammar (CFG) G correspond directly to those of Earley's algorithm recognizing S using G. Yet as Norvig notes in passing, using his approach the resulting parsers in general fail to terminate on left-recursive grammars, even with memoization. The goal of this paper is to discover why this is the case and present a functional formalization of memoized top-down parsing for which this is not so. Specifically, I show how to formulate top-down parsers in a 'continuation-passing style,' which incrementally enumerates the right string positions of a category, rather than returning a set of such positions as a single value. This permits a type of memoization not described to my knowledge in the context of functional programming before. This kind of memoization is akin to that used in logic programming, and yields terminating parsers even in the face of left recursion. In this paper, algorithms are expressed in the Scheme programming language (Rees and Clinger 1991). Scheme was chosen because it is a popular, widely known language that many readers find easy to understand. Scheme's 'first-class' treatment of functions simplifies the functional abstraction used in this paper, but the basic approach can be implemented in more conventional languages as well. Admittedly elegance is a matter of taste, but personally I find the functional specification of CFGs described here as simple and elegant as the more widely known logical (DCG) formalization, and I hope that the presentation of working code will encourage readers to experiment with the ideas described here and in more substantial works such as Leermakers (1993). In fact, my own observations suggest that with minor modifications (such as the use of integers rather than lists to indicate string positions, and vectors indexed by string positions rather than lists in the memoization routines) an extremely efficient chart parser can be obtained from the code presented here. Ideas related to the ones discussed here have been presented on numerous occasions. Almost 20 years ago Shiel (1976) noticed the relationship between chart parsing and top-down parsing. Leermakers (1993) presents a more abstract discussion of the functional treatment of parsing, and avoids the left-recursion problem for memoized
The Drosophila JAK-STAT pathway in blood cell formation and immunity

Genetic alterations affecting the JAK-STAT signaling pathway are linked to several malignancies and hematological disorders in humans. Despite being one of the most extensively studied pathways, there remain many gaps to fill. JAK-STAT components are widely conserved during evolution. Here, we review the known roles of the JAK-STAT pathway in Drosophila immunity: controlling the different steps of hematopoiesis, both under physiological conditions and in response to immune challenge, and contributing to antiviral responses. We then summarize what is currently known about JAK-STAT signaling in renewal of the adult intestine, under physiological conditions or in response to ingestion of pathogenic bacteria.
The force model: concept, behavior, interpretation

Most experiments in research on autonomous agents and mobile robots are performed either in simulation or on robots with static physical properties; evolvable hardware is hardly ever used. One of the very rare exceptions is the eyebot on which Lichtensteiger and Eggenberger (1999) have evolved simplified insect eyes. Even though substantially improved, the evolutionary models currently applied still lack both scalability and noise resistance. To tackle these problems, this paper proposes a biologically-inspired force model for this class of real-world applications. The simulation results clearly indicate that this model provides a significant improvement over existing limitations. Furthermore, this paper argues that the force model is of more general utility.
Visual Similarity , Judgmental Certainty and Stereo Correspondence 1

In this paper, we explore the question of the extent to which judgments of similarity/identity can be made essentially error-free in support of obtaining a relatively dense depth model of a natural outdoor scene. We argue for the necessity of simultaneously producing a crude scene-specific semantic “overlay”. For our experiments, we designed a stereo matching algorithm and use classification trees to create a primitive semantic overlay of the scene. A series of mutually independent filters has been designed and implemented based on the study of different error sources. When tested on different sets of stereo images, our system has demonstrated above 98% correctness on asserted matches.
Entropy production of ion thermo-diffusion in cell membranes

Here, we developed a mathematical model for the ion diffusion in thermo ion-channels. Ion channels modulated by temperature are responsible for several physiological processes, including thermo-sensation. Our model is based on non-equilibrium thermodynamic theory, where the entropy production plays a fundamental role characterizing the thermodynamic of cell and the natural processes associated with ion permeation. We modelled ion channels activity using the conventional electrochemical approach, and we also considered a difference of temperature between the boundaries of the channel. We proposed that this assumption may influence the ion diffusion contributing to the entropy production. By using partial differential equations we attempted to determine the temperature, the ion concentration and the electrostatic potential as function of the position and time within the channel, aiming a characterization of the entropy production of the system.
Continuous-index hidden Markov modelling of array CGH copy number data

MOTIVATION In recent years, a range of techniques for analysis and segmentation of array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) data have been proposed. For array designs in which clones are of unequal lengths, are unevenly spaced or overlap, the discrete-index view typically adopted by such methods may be questionable or improved. RESULTS We describe a continuous-index hidden Markov model for aCGH data as well as a Monte Carlo EM algorithm to estimate its parameters. It is shown that for a dataset from the BT-474 cell line analysed on 32K BAC tiling microarrays, this model yields considerably better model fit in terms of lag-1 residual autocorrelations compared to a discrete-index HMM, and it is also shown how to use the model for e.g. estimation of change points on the base-pair scale and for estimation of conditional state probabilities across the genome. In addition, the model is applied to the Glioblastoma Multiforme data used in the comparative study by Lai et al. (Lai,W.R. et al. (2005) Comparative analysis of algorithms for identifying amplifications and deletions in array CGH data. Bioinformatics, 21, 3763-3370. ) giving result similar to theirs but with certain features highlighted in the continuous-index setting.
Arterial and end-tidal carbon dioxide difference in pediatric intensive care

Background and Aim: Arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) is considered the gold standard for scrupulous monitoring in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), but it is invasive, laborious, expensive, and intermittent. The study aims to explore when we can use end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (PETCO2) as a reliable, continuous, and noninvasive monitor of arterial CO2 Materials and Methods: Concurrent PETCO2, fraction of inspired oxygen, PaCO2, and arterial oxygen tension values of clinically stable children on mechanical ventilation were recorded. Children with extra-pulmonary ventriculoatrial shunts were excluded. The PETCO2 and PaCO2 difference and its variability and reproducibility were studied. Results: A total of 624 concurrent readings were obtained from 105 children (mean age [SD] 5.53 [5.43] years) requiring invasive bi-level positive airway pressure ventilation in the PICU. All had continuous PETCO2 monitoring and an arterial line for blood gas measurement. The mean (SD) number of concurrent readings obtained from each child, 4-6 h apart was 6.0 (4.05). The PETCO2 values were higher than PaCO2 in 142 observations (22.7%). The PaCO2–PETCO2 difference was individual admission specific (ANOVA, P < 0.001). The PaCO2–PETCO2 difference correlated positively with the alveolar-arterial oxygen tension [P(A-a)O2] difference (ρ = 0.381 P < 0.0001). There was a fixed bias between the PETCO2 and PaCO2 measuring methods, difference +0.66 KPa (95% confidence interval: +0.57 to +0.76). Conclusions: The PaCO2–PETCO2 difference was individual specific. It was not affected by the primary disorder leading to the ventilation.
Human iPS Cell-Derived Germ Cells: Current Status and Clinical Potential

Recently, fertile spermatozoa and oocytes were generated from mouse induced pluripotent (iPS) cells using a combined in vitro and in vivo induction system. With regard to germ cell induction from human iPS cells, progress has been made particularly in the male germline, demonstrating in vitro generation of haploid, round spermatids. Although iPS-derived germ cells are expected to be developed to yield a form of assisted reproductive technology (ART) that can address unmet reproductive needs, genetic and/or epigenetic instabilities abound in iPS cell generation and germ cell induction. In addition, there is still room to improve the induction protocol in the female germline. However, rapid advances in stem cell research are likely to make such obstacles surmountable, potentially translating induced germ cells into the clinical setting in the immediate future. This review examines the current status of the induction of germ cells from human iPS cells and discusses the clinical potential, as well as future directions.