Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Medication safety strategies in hospitals--a systematic review.

BACKGROUND Medication safety is an essential component of patient safety in health care delivery. Providing strategies to effectively prevent medication errors and adverse drug events in hospitals has gained international recognition. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to review systematically the research literature on the various interventions for providing medication safety in hospitals. METHOD Eight healthcare databases were searched for full research articles written in English. Reference lists of included studies were also searched. Research studies involving delivery of interventions in hospitals with the aim of preventing or reducing medication errors and adverse drug events were examined. RESULTS Forty-two studies were selected. Most of the studies were before and after designs without comparative control groups. Forty studies identified interventions contributing to the prevention and reduction of medication errors. Six broad types of interventions were identified: computerized physician order entry with or without clinical decision support systems, automation, computer assisted, barcode technology, pharmacist role, training and system designs. CONCLUSION Though studies have provided evidence for individual interventions, there are concerns about the extent of their effectiveness. This has implications for policy makers and clinicians to adopt multifaceted approach in providing medication safety in their hospitals.
Indoor Positioning System Based on a PSD Detector, Precise Positioning of Agents in Motion Using AoA Techniques

Here, we present an indoor positioning system (IPS) for detecting mobile agents based on a single Position Sensitive Device sensor (PSD) sited in the environment and InfraRed Emitter Diode (IRED) located on mobile agents. The main goal of the work is to develop an alternative IPS to other sensing technologies, cheaper, easier to install and with a low computational load to obtain a high rate of measurements per second. The proposed IPS has the capacity to accurately determine 3D position from the angle of arrival (AoA) of the signal received at the PSD sensor. In this first approach to the method, the agents are considered to move along a plane. We propose two alternatives for determining position: in one, tones are emitted on a frequency unique to each transmitter, while in the other, sequences are emitted.The paper proposes and set up a very simple and easy to deploy system capable of performing 3D positioning with a single analog sensor, obtaining a high accurate positioning and a reduced execution time for the signal processing. The low computational load of the IPS makes it possible to obtain a very high position update rate (more than 100 times per second), yielding millimetric accuracies.
The Biomechanical Effect of Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking (CXL) With Riboflavin and UV-A is Oxygen Dependent.

PURPOSE In an attempt to reduce treatment time in corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A (UV-A), recent protocol modifications include shorter irradiation times at higher fluence, while maintaining constant total applied energy (Bunsen-Roscoe law of reciprocity). While such parameter changes might produce similar biological results within a certain range, the limits of reciprocity are unknown. Limitations in the corneal oxygen diffusion capacity and its potential impact on the efficacy of CXL, raise concerns regarding the efficiency of high-fluence CXL, and also of transepithelial CXL. METHODS Porcine corneas were treated with an epithelium-off CXL at a fluence of 9 mW/cm2 under two different atmospheres: one with a regular oxygen content (21%) and another in a helium-supplemented, low-oxygen environment (<0.1%). Untreated corneas served as controls (n = 20 each). Five-millimeter corneal stripes were prepared and biomechanical stiffness was measured using an extensometer. RESULTS Corneas cross-linked under normal oxygen levels showed a significant increase in biomechanical stability (14.36 MPa ± 2.69 SD), whereas corneas treated similarly, but in a low-oxygen atmosphere showed a Young's modulus similar to untreated controls (11.72 MPa ± 2.77 SD). CONCLUSIONS The biomechanical effect of CXL seems to be oxygen dependent. This dependency will be of particular importance in high-fluence and transepithelial CXL and will most likely require major protocol modifications to maintain the efficiency of the method. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE The oxygen dependency of CXL shown here raises concerns about the effectiveness of high-fluence and transepithelial CXL. Both methods were introduced to clinical ophthalmology without thorough validation.
Production of recombinant coagulation factors: Are humans the best host cells?

ABSTRACT The main treatment option for Hemophilia A/B patients involves the administration of recombinant coagulation factors on-demand or in a prophylactic approach. Despite the safety and efficacy of this replacement therapy, the development of antibodies against the coagulation factor infused, which neutralize the procoagulant activity, is a severe complication. The production of recombinant coagulation factors in human cell lines is an efficient approach to avoid such complication. Human cell lines can produce recombinant proteins with post translation modifications more similar to their natural counterpart, reducing potential immunogenic reactions. This review provides a brief overview of the most important characteristics of recombinant FVIII and FIX products available on the market and the improvements that have recently been achieved by the production using human cell lines.
CCDI: a new ligand that modulates mammalian type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1)

Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are Ca2+‐release channels on the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum that modulate a wide array of physiological functions. Three RyR isoforms are present in cells: RyR1, RyR2 and RyR3. To date, there are no reports on ligands that modulate RyR in an isoform‐selective manner. Such ligands are not only valuable research tools, but could serve as intermediates for development of therapeutics.
Implicit Bias in the Courtroom

Given the substantial and growing scientific literature on implicit bias, the time has now come to confront a critical question: What, if anything, should we do about implicit bias in the courtroom? The author team comprises legal academics, scientists, researchers, and even a sitting federal judge who seek to answer this question in accordance with “behavioral realism. ” The Article first provides a succinct scientific introduction to implicit bias, with some important theoretical clarifications that distinguish between explicit, implicit, and structural forms of bias. Next, the article applies the science to two trajectories of bias relevant to the courtroom. One story follows a criminal defendant path; the other story follows a civil employment discrimination path. This application involves not only a focused scientific review but also a step-by-step examination of how criminal and civil trials proceed. Finally, the Article examines various concrete intervention strategies to counter implicit biases for key players in the justice system, such as the judge and jury.
Review of halftoning techniques

Digital halftoning remains an active area of research with a plethora of new and enhanced methods. While several fine overviews exist, this purpose of this paper is to review retrospectively the basic classes of techniques. Halftoning algorithms are presented by the nature of the appearance of resulting patterns, including white noise, recursive tessellation, the classical screen, and blue noise. The metric of radially averaged power spectra is reviewed, and special attention is paid to frequency domain characteristics. The paper concludes with a look at the components that comprise a complete image rendering system. In particular when the number of output levels is not restricted to be a power of 2. A very efficient means of multilevel dithering is presented based on scaling order- dither arrays. The case of real-time video rendering is considered where the YUV-to-RGB conversion is incorporated in the dithering system. Example illustrations are included for each of the techniques described.
MIND-BA : Fully automated method for Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Dementia based on structural MRI data

Neurodegenerative diseases are frequently associated with structural changes in the brain. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans can show these variations and therefore be used as a supportive feature for a number of neurodegenerative diseases. The hippocampus has been known to be a biomarker for Alzheimers disease and other neurological and psychiatric diseases. However, it requires accurate, robust and reproducible delineation of hippocampal structures. This work utilises a datasets consisting of MR images shared by EADC-ADNI working group . Hippocampus volume is a feature used in this analysis. For the other features we used publicly available brain segmentation package FreeSurfer v.5. 1 (FS) (freesurfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu) [17] to process the structural brain MRI scans and compute morphological measurements. The FreeSurfer pipeline is fully automatic and provides 184 features per MRI scan in total. Volumes of cortical and sub-cortical structures such as the caudate and average thickness measurements within cortical regions, such as the precuneus. We use the FS features but for hippocampus volume we use the segmentation proposed in [16]. For the diagnosis classification we passed all the features to a C-Support Vector Classifier (C-SVC) with a linear kernel on a 5-fold cross validation. The goal is evaluating the performance of an algorithms for multi-class classification: AD, MCI and controls. Methods that are developed for binary classification can be used for three-way classification by using either a one-vs-one (ovo) or one-vs-all (ova) strategy. In this approach, three classifiers are trained for the three binary problems using the ovo methodology and thereafter their outputs are combined into three predictions. Data used in preparation of this article were obtained from the Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database (adni.loni.usc.edu). As such, the investigators within the ADNI contributed to the design and implementation of ADNI and/or provided data but did not participate in analysis or writing of this report. A complete listing of ADNI investigators can be found at: http ://adni.loni. usc.edu/wp− content/uploads/how to apply/ADNI Acknowledgement List.pdf
Statistical channel state information acquisition for massive MIMO communications

This paper studies the statistical channel state information (CSI) acquisition in single-cell for massive multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system in the beam domain. Compared with the Bayesian channel estimation which models the channels by an independent and identically Gaussian-mixture (GM) distribution, we model the channels by an independent and non-identically Gaussian distribution exploiting the statistical channel characteristics, and provide the acquired statistical CSI for the approximate message passing (AMP) channel estimation that can reduce computational complexity. Meanwhile, we show that the statistical CSI for the user scheduling in the beam division multiple access (BDMA) transmission is the same as that of the AMP channel estimation. Due to the heavy orthogonal pilot overhead when serving a large number of user terminals (UTs) in massive MIMO system, the Bayesian channel estimation that don't need the orthogonal pilots is used to estimate the channel parameters in the statistical CSI acquisition. Simulation results show that the mean square error (MSE) of the AMP channel estimation using the estimated statistical CSI is better than that of the Bayesian channel estimation and the iteration number has a significant reduction. Besides, the user scheduling using the estimated statistical CSI can reach a good sum rate of the scheduled UTs.
Motion blur removal via coupled autoencoder

In this paper we propose a joint optimization technique for coupled autoencoder which learns the autoencoder weights and coupling map (between source and target) simultaneously. The technique is applicable to any transfer learning problem. In this work, we propose a new formulation that recasts deblurring as a transfer learning problem; it is solved using the proposed coupled autoencoder. The proposed technique can operate on-the-fly; since it does not require solving any costly inverse problem. Experiments have been carried out on state-of-the-art techniques; our method yields better quality images in shorter operating times.
Delirium clinical motor subtypes: a narrative review of the literature and insights from neurobiology

ABSTRACT Introduction: Clinical motor subtypes have been long recognised in delirium and, despite a growing body of research, a lack of clarity exists regarding the importance of these motor subtypes. The aims of this review are to (1) examine how the concept of motor subtypes has evolved, (2) explore their relationship to the clinical context, (3) discuss the relationship between the phenomenology of delirium and motor activity, (4) discuss the application of neurobiology to the theory of delirium motor subtypes, and (5) identify methodological issues and provide solutions for further studies. Methods: The following databases were searched: PubMed, PsychInfo, EBSCO, Medline, BioMed central and Science Direct. Inclusion criteria specified peer-reviewed research assessing delirium motor subtypes published between 1990 and 2016. Results: Sixty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies (n = 50) were found to use validated psychometric tools, while the remainder (n = 11) used clinical criteria. The majority of studies (n = 45) were conducted in the medical setting, while the remainder were in the ICU/post-operative setting (n = 17). Conclusion: Although host sensitivities (e.g. frailty) and exogenous factors (e.g. medication exposure) may determine the type of motor disturbance, it remains unclear to what extent motor subtypes are influenced by other features of delirium. The use of more specialised tools (e.g. delirium motor subtyping scale), may enable researchers to develop an approach to delirium that has a greater nosological consistency. Future studies investigating delirium motor subtypes may benefit from enhanced theoretical considerations of the dysfunctional neural substrate of the delirious state.
A Polymerase Mechanism-based Strategy for Viral Attenuation and Vaccine Development*

Background: Few approaches exist to rationally engineer live, attenuated virus vaccines. Results: Converting the conserved catalytic regulator lysine of the viral polymerase to arginine produces a slow, attenuated virus that elicits a protective immune response. Conclusion: We have developed a polymerase mechanism-based strategy for viral attenuation and vaccine development. Significance: This strategy may be used to create live, attenuated vaccines for other viruses. Live, attenuated vaccines have prevented morbidity and mortality associated with myriad viral pathogens. Development of live, attenuated vaccines has traditionally relied on empirical methods, such as growth in nonhuman cells. These approaches require substantial time and expense to identify vaccine candidates and to determine their mechanisms of attenuation. With these constraints, at least a decade is required for approval of a live, attenuated vaccine for use in humans. We recently reported the discovery of an active site lysine residue that contributes to the catalytic efficiency of all nucleic acid polymerases (Castro, C., Smidansky, E. D., Arnold, J. J., Maksimchuk, K. R., Moustafa, I., Uchida, A., Götte, M., Konigsberg, W., and Cameron, C. E. (2009) Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 16, 212–218). Here we use a model RNA virus and its polymerase to show that mutation of this residue from lysine to arginine produces an attenuated virus that is genetically stable and elicits a protective immune response. Given the conservation of this residue in all viral polymerases, this study suggests that a universal, mechanism-based strategy may exist for viral attenuation and vaccine development.
Authors’ response to Hartwig and Davies

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Concurrent Validity of Accelerations Measured Using a Tri-Axial Inertial Measurement Unit while Walking on Firm, Compliant and Uneven Surfaces

Although accelerometers are extensively used for assessing gait, limited research has evaluated the concurrent validity of these devices on less predictable walking surfaces or the comparability of different methods used for gravitational acceleration compensation. This study evaluated the concurrent validity of trunk accelerations derived from a tri-axial inertial measurement unit while walking on firm, compliant and uneven surfaces and contrasted two methods used to remove gravitational accelerations; i) subtraction of the best linear fit from the data (detrending); and ii) use of orientation information (quaternions) from the inertial measurement unit. Twelve older and twelve younger adults walked at their preferred speed along firm, compliant and uneven walkways. Accelerations were evaluated for the thoracic spine (T12) using a tri-axial inertial measurement unit and an eleven-camera Vicon system. The findings demonstrated excellent agreement between accelerations derived from the inertial measurement unit and motion analysis system, including while walking on uneven surfaces that better approximate a real-world setting (all differences <0.16 m.s−2). Detrending produced slightly better agreement between the inertial measurement unit and Vicon system on firm surfaces (delta range: −0.05 to 0.06 vs. 0.00 to 0.14 m.s−2), whereas the quaternion method performed better when walking on compliant and uneven walkways (delta range: −0.16 to −0.02 vs. −0.07 to 0.07 m.s−2). The technique used to compensate for gravitational accelerations requires consideration in future research, particularly when walking on compliant and uneven surfaces. These findings demonstrate trunk accelerations can be accurately measured using a wireless inertial measurement unit and are appropriate for research that evaluates healthy populations in complex environments.
Response of Conifer Seedlings to Potting Medium Amendment with Meadowfoam Seed Meal

Meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba L., Limnanthaceae) is an herbaceous winter-spring annual, grown as an oilseed crop in the Willamette Valley of Oregon, US and in New Zealand. The exceptionally high quality seed oil, consisting almost entirely of long-chain fatty acids, is used in cosmetics and lubricants. The seed meal (MSM) remaining after extraction of the oils with hexane solvent under elevated temperature is a granular by-product with little apparent commercial value, at present, except as an organic fertilizer or as an additive to livestock feed. However, MSM has some characteristics that suggest its potential utility in agriculture as a soil amendment to enhance plant growth and possibly suppress soil pests. For example, MSM contains the glucosinolate glucolimnanthin (Bartlett and Mikolajczak 1989; Vaughn et al. 1996) that, when hydrolyzed in the presence of the enzyme thioglucosidase glucohydrolase (myrosinase), can produce allelochemic compounds (aglycones), including isothiocyanates, thiocyanates, nitriles, and ionic thiocyanate (Van Etten and Tookey 1983), which have been shown to be potent biocides in soil (Bartlett and Mikolajczak 1989; Brown and Morra 1997; Deuel and Svensen 1999). Furthermore, MSM has been shown to have plant growth-enhancing properties of a phytohormonal nature (W.A. Deuel and S.E. Svensen, 1998, unpubl.; Deuel, US Patent No. 6,596,323 B1, 2003), but the nature of the responsible compound(s) remains unknown. At concentrations of MSM amendment to soil >2% by volume, inhibition of seed germination and other herbicidal properties occurs. Vaughn et al. (1996) demonstrated the herbicidal component in MSM to be 3-methoxyphenyl acetonitrile. Deuel and Svensen (1999) demonstrated that soil amendment with MSM reduced the incidence and severity of clubroot of cabbage and cauliflower in either soil or potting medium. The enzyme myrosinase needed to hydrolyze glucosinolates (Rosa et al. 1997) is present in the seed, and is produced by some soil microbes (Tani et al. 1974), but it and the glucosinolate are denatured during the hot hexane process of oil extraction, leaving only acetonitrile as a by-product in the MSM. Thus there is little or no potential to hydrolyze glucosinolate to S-containing volatile biocides in soil, such as isothiocyanates, as is known to occur with cruciferous crop residues (Vaughn 1999; Gamliel and Stapleton 1983). The unusual growth-enhancing properties of MSM prompted an examination of it as an amendment to soilless potting medium on the growth of conifer seedlings commonly grown in container nurseries in the Pacific Northwestern US. The findings from those studies are reported here.