Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Engineered antifouling microtopographies: the role of Reynolds number in a model that predicts attachment of zoospores of Ulva and cells of Cobetia marina

A correlation between the attachment density of cells from two phylogenetic groups (prokaryotic Bacteria and eukaryotic Plantae), with surface roughness is reported for the first time. The results represent a paradigm shift in the understanding of cell attachment, which is a critical step in the biofouling process. The model predicts that the attachment densities of zoospores of the green alga, Ulva, and cells of the marine bacterium, Cobetia marina, scale inversely with surface roughness. The size and motility of the bacterial cells and algal spores were incorporated into the attachment model by multiplying the engineered roughness index (ERIII), which is a representation of surface energy, by the Reynolds number (Re) of the cells. The results showed a negative linear correlation of normalized, transformed attachment density for both organisms with ERIII · Re (R 2 = 0.77). These studies demonstrate for the first time that organisms respond in a uniform manner to a model, which incorporates surface energy and the Reynolds number of the organism.
Direct projection from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus to the prestriate cortex in macaque monkeys

The enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was separately injected into striate, prestriate, inferotemporal, and parietal cortices in 19 macaque monkeys, and the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) was examined for retrograde transport. Labeled LGN cells were identified only in the animals with HRP injections into the striate and prestriate cortex. Following injections into either of these regions, labeled cells were found in both parvocellular and magnocellular regions of the ipsilateral LGN only, in keeping with the topographic relation of HRP injection sites in the cortex to labeled areas in the LGN. It was also found that (1) labeled LGN cells were less numerous in both laminar and interlaminar zones following HRP injection into the prestriate cortex, whereas following HRP injection into the striate cortex labeled cells were found almost exclusively in the laminae, and localized to a wedge‐shaped region; (2) following HRP injection into the prestriate cortex, the mean sizes of the labeled parvocellular and magnocellular cells, estimated in projected diameter, were almost the same, these means being significantly larger than the mean size of labeled parvocellular cells and much smaller than that of labeled magnocellular cells following HRP injection into the striate cortex; (3) the shapes of the labeled LGN cells following HRP injection into the prestriate cortex were ovoid, fusiform, or triangular (or multipolar), whereas those following HRP injection into the striate cortex were uniformly ovoid or round. The above findings following HRP injections into the prestriate cortex in normal monkeys were confirmed by HRP injections into the prestriate cortex of monkeys whose striate cortex had been removed several months prior to the injection; labeled cells were found in the confines of areas of retrograde degeneration in the LGN and their labeling pattern was the same as that in intact animals. It was concluded that in macaque monkeys, just as in the cat, a geniculoprestriate projection system exists; it was suggested that there are two parallel systems of visual information processing from the LGN to the prestriate cortex, a direct one and an indirect one through the striate cortex.
SINGLE‐ATTRIBUTE UTILITY ANALYSIS MAY BE FUTILE, BUT THIS CAN’T BE THE END OF THE STORY: CAUSAL CHAIN ANALYSIS AS AN ALTERNATIVE

Research on providing single-attribute utility analysis has shown moderate or even negative effects on the acceptance of selection and training tests by human resource decision makers. In this study, we contrasted the perceived utility of single-attribute utility analysis with causal chain analysis as an alternative way of conducting utility analysis. Causal chain analysis focuses on measuring the linkages between HRM interventions and organizational outcomes mediated by employee attitudes and customer perceptions. We compared 144 managers' reactions to both methods of utility analysis concerning the variables understandability, information quality, perceived usefulness, user information satisfaction, and intention to use. Causal chain analysis yielded higher results than single-attribute analysis for these variables, and a compound measure of these constructs supported this finding. This indicates that causal chain analysis is a valuable alternative method of communicating the utility of HRM interventions.
Ontology Matching Based on hypernym, hyponym, holonym, and meronym Sets in WordNet

Considerable research in the field of ontology matching has been performed where information sharing and reuse becomes necessary in ontology development. Measurement of lexical similarity in ontology matching is performed using synset, defined in WordNet. In this paper, we defined a Super Word Set, which is an aggregate set that includes hypernym, hyponym, holonym, and meronym sets in WordNet. The Super Word Set Similarity is calculated by the rate of words of concept name and synset’s words inclusion in the Super Word Set. In order to measure of Super Word Set Similarity, we first extracted Matched Concepts(MC), Matched Properties(MP) and Property Unmatched Concepts(PUC) from the result of ontology matching. We compared these against two ontology matching tools – COMA++ and LOM. The Super Word Set Similarity shows an average improvement of 12% over COMA++ and 19% over LOM.
Population dynamics and gene transfer in genetically modified bacteria in a model microcosm

The horizontal transfer and effects on host fitness of a neutral gene cassette inserted into three different genomic loci of a plant‐colonizing pseudomonad was assessed in a model ecosystem. The KX reporter cassette (kanamycin resistance, aph, and catechol 2, 3, dioxygenase, xylE) was introduced on the disarmed transposon mini‐Tn5 into: (I) the chromosome of a spontaneous rifampicin resistant mutant Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25R; (II) the chromosome of SBW25R in the presence of a naturally occurring lysogenic‐phage (phage Φ101); and (III) a naturally occurring plasmid pQBR11 (330 kbp, tra+, Hgr) introduced into SBW25R. These bacteria were applied to Stellaria media (chickweed) plants as seed dressings [c. 5 × 104 colony‐forming units (cfu)/seed] and the seedlings planted in 16 microcosm chambers containing model plant and animal communities. Gene transfer to pseudomonads in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere was found only in the plasmid treatment (III). Bacteria in the phage treatment (II) initially declined in density and free phage was detected, but populations partly recovered as the plants matured. Surprisingly, bacteria in the chromosome insertion treatment (I) consistently achieved higher population densities than the unmanipulated control and other treatments. Plasmids were acquired from indigenous bacterial populations in the control and chromosome insertion treatments. Plasmid acquisition, plasmid transfer from inocula and selection for plasmid carrying inocula coincided with plant maturation.
The commissural connections of the monkey hippocampal formation

The commissural connections of the hippocampal formation have been analyzed in the monkey (Macaca fascicularis) using both anterograde and retrograde labeling techniques. We have observed a number of striking differences between the organization of the commissural projections in the monkey and that observed in the rodent brain. In particular, only the rostral (or uncal) part of Ammon's horn (or hippocampus proper) and the associated part of the dentate gyrus have been found to be connected by commissural fibers. This is in marked contrast to the organization of the crossed connections in the rodent brain where both major fields of the hippocampus (i.e., the regio superior and the region inferior) receive a strong, topographically organized, projection throughout their rostrocaudal extent from the regio inferior of the opposite side, while the inner third of the molecular layer of the entire dentate gyrus receives a topographically organized input from calls in the hilar region of the contralateral dentate gyrus.
Cognition and conditionals: an introduction

The conditional, if.then, is probably the most important term in natural language and forms the core of systems of logic and mental representation. It occurs in all human languages and allows people to express their knowledge of the causal or law-like structure of the world and of others' behaviour, e.g., if you turn the key the car starts, if John walks the dog he stops for a pint of beer; to make promises, e.g., if you cook tonight, I'll wash up all week; to regulate behaviour, e.g., if you are drinking beer, you must be over 18 years of age; to suggest what would have happened had things been different, e.g., if the match had been dry it would have lit, among many other possible uses. The way in which the conditional is modelled also determines the core of most logical systems. Unsurprisingly, it is also the most researched expression in the psychology of human reasoning. Cognition and Conditionals is the first volume for over 20 years (On Conditionals, 1986, CUP) that brings together recent developments in the cognitive science and psychology of conditional reasoning. Over the last 10 to 15 years, research on conditionals has come to dominate the psychology of reasoning providing a rich seam of results that have created new theoretical possibilities. This book shows how these developments have led researchers to view people's conditional reasoning behaviour more as succesful probabilistic reasoning rather than as errorful logical reasoning. It shows how the multifarious, and apparently competing, theoretical positions developed over the last 50 years in this area - mental logics, mental models, heuristic approaches, dual process theory, and probabilistic approaches-have responded to these insights. Its organisation reflects the view that an integrative approach is emerging that may need to exploit aspects of all these theoretical positions to explain the rich and complex phenomenon of reasoning with conditionals. It includes an introductory chapter relating the development of the psychology of reasoning to developments in the logic and semantics of the conditional. It also includes chapters by many of the leading figures in this field. Cognition and Conditionals will be a valuable resource for cognitive scientists, psychologists and philosophers interested how people actually reason with conditionals.
Equality and Comparative Justice

Abstract In this paper I criticize the standard argument for deontological egalitarianism, understood as the thesis that there is a moral claim to have an equal share of well-being or whatever other good counts. That argument is based on the idea that equals should be treated equally. I connect the debate over egalitarianism with that over comparative justice. A common theme is a general skepticism against comparative claims. I argue (i) that there can be no claim to equality based simply on the fact of equal worth as that fact itself does not have any value for the supposed claim holder; and (ii) intuitions that suggest otherwise can be explained away without appealing to comparative claims.
Review of the female Duroc/Yorkshire pig model of human fibroproliferative scarring

Hypertrophic scarring after burns is an unsolved problem and remains as devastating today as it was in the 40s and it may be that the main reason for this is the lack of an accepted, useful animal model. The female, red Duroc pig was described as a model of hypertrophic scarring nearly 30 years ago but then vanished from the literature. This seemed strange since the authors reported that 12 of 12 pigs developed thick scar. In the mid 90s we explored the model and found that, indeed, the red Duroc pig does make thick scar. Other authors have established that the Yorkshire pig does not heal in this fashion so there is the possibility of a same species control. We have continued to explore the Duroc/Yorkshire model and herein describe our experiences. Is it a perfect model of hypertrophic scarring? No. Is it a useful model of hypertrophic scarring? Time will tell. We have now obtained gene expression data from the Duroc/Yorkshire model and analysis is underway.
National identification, perceived threat, and dehumanization as antecedents of negative attitudes toward immigrants in Australia and Canada

The interplay of nationalistic threat perceptions, dehumanizing beliefs and intergroup emotions, and anti-immigrant sentiment is analyzed in a cross-national context with Australian (N=124) and Canadian (N=126) samples. National identification was linked to negative attitudes toward immigrants indirectly, via perceptions of immigrants as being in threatening zero-sum relationships with citizens. In turn, perceived zero-sum threat was associated with dehumanizing beliefs and emotions about immigrants. Significant baseline differences in hostility were observed across the samples, but the relationships among the variables were not moderated by participants' nationality. The study contributes to the literature examining how negative emotions and attitudes may serve to legitimize intergroup competition.
The Substantive Representation of Women: What to Do with Conservative Claims?

Recent developments in the gender and politics literature suggest that studying the substantive representation of women is much more complicated than counting the number of women present in a particular political institution and judging the actions of women representatives against a ‘feminist’ shopping list of demands. In brief, the substantive representation of women is no longer considered to be restricted to what happens in our parliaments or only by what women representatives do therein. Furthermore, what constitutes women's issues and interests – that which is to be represented – can also no longer be considered straightforwardly ‘out there’ to simply be acted upon by representatives; they are constructed as part of the representative process. Acknowledgement of the diversity and likely contested nature of claims to act ‘for women’ coincides with an emerging appreciation that the claims for women made by conservative representatives need to be brought more explicitly into our analytic frameworks and empirical studies. Together, these points not only undermine any assumption that the substantive representation of women equals the feminist substantive representation of women; they also raise the possibility of non- and anti-feminist representative claims and actions ‘for’ women. Against this backdrop, we review recent developments within the sub-field of the substantive representation of women literature and offer some reflections and suggestions about how to take conservatism seriously when studying the substantive representation of women both conceptually and empirically.
Tools for programming human robot interaction

Whilst robots are increasingly being used in scenarios that involve human-robot interaction, it is still difficult to program them to interact with humans. This is because current programming tools either require programmers to work at low abstraction levels or they lack features needed to implement particular aspects of human-robot interaction. Our goal is to create an API that is both capable of programming a wide range of human-robot interaction scenarios and is easy to use by the various users of human-robot interaction programming tools. We have taken a first step toward this API by developing an exemplar, high level API for programming social interaction and evaluating it with the Cognitive Dimensions framework. We plan to explore other aspects of human-robot interaction, including navigation and manipulation and exploring how they should be integrated with our existing primitives for programming social interaction.
DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE FIRST TWO YEARS OF INFANTS PREMATURELY BORN1

The majority of studies of infants prematurely born have been concerned with physical rather than mental development. Recently, however, Ypplo (12) has reported 7.4 per cent of more or less gross mental defect among his numerous patients. He also quotes Sarvan who found 8.7 per cent of cases mentally defective among 3174, and Brander who examined 376 prematurely born children of school age by means of the Terman Revision of the Binet-Simon Scale and found 11.2 per cent had an intelligence quotient equal to or less than 70. In this study the parents also were examined and only two cases of mental deficiency were found. Finally, Montserrat (9) working in the Psychological Institute in Vienna examined infants between 24 days and 10 months of age with the Bshler-Hetzer tests (2). He stated that the "normal" range of intelligence quotients for these infants was from 65 to 95, instead of from 90 to 110, as for children born at term.
The Emergence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections in United States Hospitals: Possible Role of the House Staff-Patient Transfer Circuit

Infections with methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus appear to be occurring with increasing frequency in some U.S. hospitals about a decade after a similar increase in Britain and other countries. In the United States, clustered methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections reported in scientific journals and in three hospital surveys have been almost entirely in large, tertiary referral hospitals affiliated with medical schools. Among 63 hospitals regularly reporting infections from 1974 to 1981 in the National Nosocomial Infections Study, the increase in methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections was entirely due to substantial increases in only four hospitals, all of which were large, tertiary referral centers affiliated with medical schools. The predominance of methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections in these large hospitals may be due to the large numbers of patients at high risk of infection and to the interhospital spread of the organism by the transfer of infected patients and house staff from similar hospitals or from nursing homes.
Smartphone-based applications for investigating falls and mobility

The aim of this study is to develop a system for investigating human falls and mobility based on a Smartphone platform. We have designed and tested a set of software applications building on the inertial data captured from the tri-axial accelerometer sensor embedded in the Smartphone. We will describe here two applications: a fall detection and management application, and an application for the administration of a popular and standardized test in the field of human mobility assessment, namely the Timed-Up-and-Go test.
X-Y separable pyramid steerable scalable kernels

A new method for generating X-Y separable, steerable, scalable approximations of filter kernels is proposed which is based on a generalization of the singular value decomposition (SVD) to three dimensions. This "pseudo-SVD" improves upon a previous scheme due to Perona (1992) in that it reduces convolution time and storage requirements. An adaptation of the pseudo-SVD is proposed to generate steerable and scalable kernels which are suitable for use with a Laplacian pyramid. The properties of this method are illustrated experimentally in generating steerable and scalable approximations to an early vision edge-detection kernel. <<ETX>>
A follow-up ranking of academic journals

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a ranking of knowledge management and intellectual capital academic journals.Design/methodology/approach – A revealed preference, also referred to as citation impact, method was utilized. Citation data were obtained from Google Scholar by using Harzing's Publish or Perish tool. The h‐index and the g‐index were employed to develop a ranking list. The revealed preference method was compared to the stated preference approach, also referred to as an expert survey. A comprehensive journal ranking based on the combination of both approaches is presented.Findings – Manual re‐calculation of the indices reported by Publish or Perish had no impact on the ranking list. The revealed preference and stated preference methods correlated very strongly (0.8 on average). According to the final aggregate journal list that combined stated and revealed preference methods, Journal of Knowledge Management and Journal of Intellectual Capital are ranked A+, and The Learning Organi.
A confidence-based aberration interpretation framework for outbreak conciliation

Health surveillance can be viewed as an ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data for use in planning, implementation, and evaluation of a given health system, in potentially multiple spheres (ex: animal, human, environment). As we move into a sophisticated technologically advanced era, there is a need for cost-effective and efficient health surveillance methods and systems that will rapidly identify potential bioterrorism attacks and infectious disease outbreaks. The main objective of such methods and systems would be to reduce the impact of an outbreak by enabling appropriate officials to detect it quickly and implement timely and appropriate interventions. Identifying an outbreak and/or potential bioterrorism attack days to weeks earlier than traditional surveillance methods would potentially result in a reduction in morbidity, mortality, and outbreak associated economic consequences. Proposed here is a novel framework that takes into account the relationships between aberration detection algorithms and produces an unbiased confidence measure for identification of start of an outbreak. Such a framework would enable a user and/or a system to interpret the anomaly detection results generated via multiple algorithms with some indication of confidence.
Effectiveness of functional communication therapy by volunteers for people with aphasia following stroke

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a scripted modular intervention programme called Speaking Out. Speaking Out is administered by trained volunteers in the home and focuses on the everyday communicative activities of aphasic stroke patients. The experimental design used repeated measures to examine the effect of counterbalanced treatments across individual subjects and across two matched groups. One group improved significantly on the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) after the Speaking Out programme but there were no significant differences on any of the functional communication measures. Some change to health status scales was however found. There was a significant difference on both the WAB and the ASHA Functional Assessment of Communication Skills (ASHA FACS) for the other group following the Speaking Out programme. They also demonstrated some positive changes on the health status scales following the programme. There were more significant differences on intragroup comparisons than intergroup comparisons. For group 2, the ASHA FACS and the SF-36 showed significant differences between the Speaking Out programme and the recreational programme or no treatment at all. It was concluded that long standing aphasic speakers may benefit from a 10 week functional communication therapy programme delivered by trained volunteers.