Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review article: Systematic review of three key strategies designed to improve patient flow through the emergency department

To explore the literature regarding three key strategies designed to promote patient throughput in the ED. CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, Scopus and Australian Government databases were searched for articles published between 1980 and 2014 using the key search terms ED flow/throughput, ED congestion, crowding, overcrowding, models of care, physician‐assisted triage, medical assessment units, nurse practitioner, did not wait (DNW) and ED length of stay (LOS). Abstracts and articles not published in English and articles published before 1980 were excluded from the review. Quantitative and qualitative studies were considered for inclusion. The National Health Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Level of Evidence Hierarchy (2009) was applied to included studies. Twenty‐one articles met criteria for review. The level of evidence assessed using the NHMRC guidelines of studies ranged from I to IV, with the majority falling into the Level II‐2 (n = 6) and III‐3 (n = 9) range. ED LOS was the outcome most often reported. Study quality was limited with few studies adjusting for confounding factors. Only one level I systematic review was included in this review. Advanced practice nursing roles, physician‐assisted triage and medical assessment units are models of care that can positively impact ED throughput. They have been shown to decrease ED LOS and DNW rates. Confounding factors, such as site specific staffing requirements, patient acuity and rest‐of‐hospital processes, can also impact on patient throughput through the ED.
Activation of Platelet-Activating Factor ( PAF ) Receptor-coupled G α q leads to Stimulation of Src and Focal Adhesion Kinase ( FAK ) via two Separate Pathways in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ( HUVEC )

Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a phospholipid second messenger, has diverse physiological functions, including responses in differentiated endothelial cells to external stimuli. We used human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) as a model system. We show that PAF activated pertussis toxininsensitive Gαq protein upon binding to its seven transmembrane receptor. Elevated cAMP levels were observed via activation of adenylate cyclase, which activated PKA and was attenuated by a PAF receptor antagonist, blocking downstream activity. Phosphorylation of Src by PAF required Gαq protein and adenylate cyclase activation; there was an absolute requirement of PKA for PAFinduced Src phosphorylation. Immediate (1 min) PAF-induced STAT-3 phosphorylation required the activation of Gαq protein, adenylate cyclase and PKA, and was independent of these intermediates at delayed (30 min) and prolonged (60 min) PAF exposure. PAF activated PLCβ3 through its Gαq proteincoupled receptor, whereas activation of PLCγ1 by PAF was independent of Gproteins but required the involvement of Src at prolonged PAF exposure (60 min). We demonstrate for the first time in vascular endothelial cells: (i) the involvement of signaling intermediates in the PAF-PAF receptor system in the induction of TIMP2 and MT1-MMP expression, resulting in the coordinated proteolytic activation of MMP2, and (ii) a receptor-mediated signal transduction cascade for the tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK by PAF. PAF exposure induced binding of p130Cas, Src, SHC, and paxillin to FAK. Clearly, PAF-mediated signaling in differentiated endothelial cells is critical to endothelial cell functions including cell migration and proteolytic activation of MMP2. 3 by gest on O cber 5, 2017 hp://w w w . jb.org/ D ow nladed from
Data Mining and Case-Based Reasoning for Distance Learning

Web-based learning enables more students to have access to the distance-learning environment, and provides students and teachers with unprecedented flexibility and convenience. However, the early experience of using this new learning means in China exposes a few problems. Among others, teachers accustomed to traditional teaching methods often find it difficult to put their courses online, and some students, especially the adult students, find themselves overloaded with too much information. In this paper, we present an open framework to solve these two problems. This framework allows students to interact with an automated question answering system to get their answers. It enables teachers to analyze students’ learning patterns and organize the web-based contents efficiently. The framework is intelligent due to the data mining and case-based reasoning features, and user-friendly because of its personalized services to both teachers and students. Data Mining and Case-Based Reasoning for Distance Learning
Good vibrations: Analytic process as coupled oscillations

This paper develops a new model for the action of psychoanalysis based on concepts from non‐linear dynamics (chaos theory and complexity theory). It shows that the analyst–analysand couple may be conceptualized as a new configuration with its own properties that promote complex development in both members of the couple. These developments are an emergent result of the formation of the analyst–analysand couple and are significantly independent of the particular content of the manifest interaction of the couple. The well‐studied phenomena of coupled oscillators suggest the specific features of the analysand–analyst interaction that are likely to be most important in conceptualizing analytic change. The model has substantial clinical applications since efforts to arrange for a coupled oscillator system that is central to it are distinct from many of the traditional considerations associated with creating an analytic situation.
Monitoring Active Volcanos Using Aerial Images and the Orthoview Tool

In volcanic areas, where it can be difficult to perform direct surveys, digital photogrammetry techniques are rarely adopted for routine volcano monitoring. Nevertheless, they have remarkable potentialities for observing active volcanic features (e.g., fissures, lava flows) and the connected deformation processes. The ability to obtain accurate quantitative data of definite accuracy in short time spans makes digital photogrammetry a suitable method for controlling the evolution of rapidly changing large-area volcanic phenomena. The systematic acquisition of airborne photogrammetric datasets can be adopted for implementing a more effective procedure aimed at long-term volcano monitoring and hazard assessment. In addition, during the volcanic crisis, the frequent acquisition of oblique digital images from helicopter allows for quasi-real-time monitoring to support mitigation actions by civil protection. These images are commonly used to update existing maps through a photo-interpretation approach that provide data of unknown accuracy. This work presents a scientific tool (Orthoview) that implements a straightforward photogrammetric approach to generate digital orthophotos from single-view oblique images provided that at least four Ground Control Points (GCP) and current Digital Elevation Models (DEM) are available. The influence of the view geometry, of sparse and not-signalized GCP and DEM inaccuracies is analyzed for evaluating the performance of the developed tool in comparison with other remote sensing techniques. Results obtained with datasets from Etna and Stromboli volcanoes demonstrate that 2D features measured on the produced orthophotos can reach sub-meter-level accuracy.
New Formulations of Local Anaesthetics—Part I

Part 1 comments on the types of local anaesthetics (LAs); it provides a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of LAs, and their pharmacokinetics and toxicity. It reviews the newer LAs such as levobupivacaine, ropivacaine, and articaine, and examines the newer structurally different LAs. The addition of adjuvants such as adrenaline, bicarbonate, clonidine, and corticosteroids is explored. Comment is made on the delivery of topical LAs via bioadhesive plasters and gels and controlled-release local anaesthetic matrices. Encapulation matrices such as liposomes, microemulsions, microspheres and nanospheres, hydrogels and liquid polymers are discussed as well. New innovations pertaining to LA formulations have indeed led to prolonged action and to novel delivery approaches.
Development of microbeads of chicken yolk antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxin A for colonic-specific delivery

Abstract The incidence of Clostridium difficile infection has increased in Western world in the past 10 years, similar infection rates are also reported in developing countries such as China. Current antibiotics treatments have recurrence rates between 15% and 30%. IgY antibodies against toxin A of C. difficile could protect animal models from the challenge of lethal dose of C. difficile spores. However, IgY is sensitive to the low pH environment of the stomach and proteinases in the intestine. The objective of this study was to prepare colonic-specific delivery system of toxin A antigen-specific IgY to block the recognition of toxin A to the colon mucosa cells. Egg-laying hens were immunized with purified C. difficile toxin A C-terminal domain for 3 times, then egg IgY against the recombinant ToxA–C protein was purified from immunized egg yolk and frozen dried. IgY-loaded microbeads were prepared using mini fluid bed system; the loading efficiency was 21%. The pH and temperature stabilities of the microbeads were assayed. The IgY-loaded microbeads coated with 35% Eudragit S100 had colonic-specific IgY release specificity both in vitro and in vivo, the colonic-specific release of biological active IgY was 87.5% in the rat. Our study provides a new option for the biological treatment C. difficile infection.
Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.

This is a report of a case of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome occurring in a patient with the following new features: gross deformities of bones of the lower extremities, asymmetry of the skull, degenerative changes of shins and vertebrae, increased fragility of bones due to general demineralization, and infected jaw cysts.
Mmp-20 and Klk4 Cleavage Site Preferences for Amelogenin Sequences

Mmp-20 and Klk4 are the two key enamel proteases. Can both enzymes process amelogenin to generate the major cleavage products that accumulate during the secretory stage of amelogenesis? We isolated Mmp-20 and Klk4 from developing pig teeth and used them to digest the tyrosine-rich amelogenin polypeptide (TRAP), the leucine-rich amelogenin protein (LRAP), and 5 fluorescence peptides. We characterized the digestion products by LC-MSMS, SDS-PAGE, and C18 RP-HPLC monitored with fluorescence and UV detectors. Mmp-20 cleaves amelogenin sequences after Pro162, Ser148, His62, Ala63, and Trp45. These cleavages generate all of the major cleavage products that accumulate in porcine secretory-stage enamel: the 23-kDa, 20-kDa, 13-kDa, 11-kDa, and 6-kDa (TRAP) amelogenins. Mmp-20 cleaves LRAP after Pro45 and Pro40, producing the two LRAP products previously identified in tooth extracts. Among these key cleavage sites, Klk4 was able to cleave only after His62. We propose that Mmp-20 alone processes amelogenin during the secretory stage.
Preoperative magnetic source imaging for brain tumor surgery: a quantitative comparison with intraoperative sensory and motor mapping.

OBJECT The aim of this study was to compare quantitatively the methods of preoperative magnetic source (MS) imaging and intraoperative electrophysiological cortical mapping (ECM) in the localization of sensorimotor cortex in patients with intraaxial brain tumors. METHODS Preoperative magnetoencephalography (MEG) was performed while patients received painless tactile somatosensory stimulation of the lip, hand, and foot. The early somatosensory evoked field was modeled using a single equivalent current dipole approach to estimate the spatial source of the response. Three-dimensional magnetic resonance image volume data sets with fiducials were coregistered with the MEG recordings to form the MS image. These individualized functional brain maps were integrated into a neuronavigation system. Intraoperative mapping of somatosensory and/or motor cortex was performed and sites were compared. In two subgroups of patients we compared intraoperative somatosensory and motor stimulation sites with MS imaging-based somatosensory localizations. Mediolateral projection of the MS imaging source localizations to the cortical surface reduced systematic intermodality discrepancies. The distance between two corresponding points determined using MS imaging and ECM was 12.5 +/- 1.3 mm for somatosensory-somatosensory and 19 +/- 1.3 mm for somatosensory-motor comparisons. The observed 6.5 mm increase in site separation was systematically demonstrated in the anteroposterior direction, as expected from actual anatomy. In fact, intraoperative sites at which stimulation evoked the same patient response exhibited a spatial variation of 10.7 +/- 0.7 mm. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative MS imaging and intraoperative ECM show a favorable degree of quantitative correlation. Thus, MS imaging can be considered a valuable and accurate planning adjunct in the treatment of patients with intraaxial brain tumors.
Making Antigen Presentable

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, a shift occurred in the focus of immunological research from Ab-dominated studies to ones involving cellular components of immunity such as T cells, B cells, and APCs. The Ig nature of the B cell Ag receptor greatly facilitated the elucidation of how B cells
The Feasibility, Effectiveness, and Process of Change of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Adults With ADHD: A Mixed-Method Pilot Study

Objective: Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is a promising psychosocial intervention for adult ADHD. The feasibility and effectiveness of an adapted MBCT program is explored, together with the possible process of change. Method: Mixed-method study with 31 ADHD patients participating in an adapted MBCT program. Self-report questionnaires on ADHD symptoms, executive functioning, mindfulness skills, self-compassion, patient functioning, and health status were administered before and after MBCT. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 patients. Results: A modest drop-out of n = 5 (16%) was found. MBCT resulted in a significant reduction of ADHD symptoms and improvements of executive functioning, self-compassion, and mental health. Qualitative analysis provided insight in facilitators and barriers participants experienced, and their process of change. Conclusion: The adapted MBCT program seemed to be feasible for adults with ADHD and preliminary evidence for the effectiveness is shown. An adequately powered Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) is needed to further examine the effectiveness of MBCT for ADHD.
New Measures for Comparing the Species Diversity Found in Two or More Habitats

Both the weighted entropy, which generalizes the Shannon entropy, and the weighted quadratic index, which generalizes the Gini-Simpson index, are used for getting a unified treatment of some diversity measures proposed recently in ecology. The weights may reflect the ecological importance, rarity, or economic value of the species from a given habitat. The weighted measures, being concave functions, may be used in the additive partition of diversity. The weighted quadratic index has a special advantage over the weighted entropy because its maximum value has a simple analytical formula which allows us to introduce a normed measure of dissimilarity between habitats. A special case of weighted quadratic index is the Rich-Gini-Simpson index which, unlike the Shannon entropy and the classic Gini-Simpson index, behaves well when the number of species is very large. The weighted entropy and the weighted quadratic index may also be used to measure the global diversity among the subsets of species. In this context, Rao's quadratic index of diversity between the pairs of species, based on the phylogenetic distance between species, is obtained as a particular case and is generalized to measure the diversity among the triads of species as well.
New C30-Carotenoic Acid Glucosyl Esters from Pseudomonas rhodos

Abstract The carotenoid pigments of the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas rhodos were identified as 4,4′-diapocarotene-4-oic acid, di (β,ᴅ-glucosyl) 4,4′-diaptocarotene-4,4′-dioate, and β,ᴅ-glucosyl-4,4′-diapocarotene-4-oate-4′-oic acid. One hydroxy group of the glucose moieties, probably at C (6), was esterified with one of several fatty acids (12:0, 14:0, 14:1, 16:0, 1 6 :1).
– x SURE Guided Gaussian Mixture Image Denoising

The Gaussian mixture is a patch prior that has enjoyed tremendous success in image processing. In this work, by using Gaussian factor modeling, its dedicated Expectation Maximization (EM) inference as well as a statistical filter selection and algorithm stopping rule, we develop SURE (Stein’s Unbiased Risk Estimator) guided Piecewise Linear Estimation (S-PLE), a patch-based prior learning algorithm capable of delivering state-of-the-art performance at image denoising. In light of this algorithm’s features and its results, we also seek to address the number of components to be included when setting up a Gaussian mixture for image patch modeling. By juxtaposing both options, we show that a simple learned prior can perform as well if not better than a much richer yet fixed prior.
Optimal Portfolio Control with Trading Strategies of Finite Variation

We propose a method for portfolio selection with trading strategies constrained to having a finite variation. A linear combination of logarithms of each asset holdings values are used as a criterion, which also includes a penalty on the logarithmic rates of change of trading strategies. A simulation example shows a significant reduction in transaction cost as compared to a log-optimal portfolio.
Estimation of the aspect-ratio distribution in chemically synthesized gold nanorods solution using UV-visible absorption spectroscopy

A rapid and ubiquitous method to characterize samples of chemically synthesized Gold Nano Rods (GNRs) is by measuring their UV-visible spectra. The presence of transverse and longitudinal surface plasmon resonance peaks in UV-visible spectra indicate the presence of GNRs. However, the quality of the synthesised sample, and thus their performance in various sensor applications, depends on the geometrical variations of the GNRs present in the solution. As a result, an algorithm has been developed to estimate the Aspect Ratio (AR) variation of the GNRs present by theoretically fitting to the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance peak of the UV-visible spectrum. After numerically benchmarking has been undertaken, the developed algorithm has been used to calculate the mean and standard deviation of the ARs in two synthesized samples, showing that this method offers a fast and cost-effective alternative to Transmission Electron Microscopy.
The study of hydroxyapatite reinforced polylactic acid composites for orthopedic applications

Polylactic acid and calcium phosphate ceramic composite are widely accepted in orthopedic fixation and are mainly replacing metal soft tissue fixation devices, such as interference screws and suture anchors. However, the critical disadvantages of poor biological properties and poor mechanical strength compared to metal devices have left much to be desired in bioabsorbable orthopedic implant materials. In order to develop a more ideal calcium phosphate based polymer composite material, we have conducted the following studies: i. ) Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite nanofibers and microfibers (whisker), ii. ) Fabrication and evaluation of HA/PLA composite’s structure and processing methods, and iii. ) An in-vitro immersion study of composite to simulate degradation behavior in vivo. After systematic evaluation and in depth analysis of the experimental results, it was concluded that: i. ) the use of small loading rates of hydroxyapatite nanofiber, such as 5 wt%, significantly improve the mechanical strength and toughness, ii. ) maintenance in mechanical strength was observed with 10 wt% hydroxyapatite nanofibers, 30 wt% hydroxyapatite whisker formed by molten salt method, and with 40 wt% hybrid composite of nanofiber and whisker (5 wt% HANF and 35 wt% HA whisker), iii. ) in
Development of Cell-SELEX Technology and Its Application in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) is a process involving the progressive isolation of high selective ssDNA/RNA from a combinatorial single-stranded oligonucleotide library through repeated rounds of binding, partitioning and amplification. SELEX-derived single-stranded DNA/RNA molecules, called aptamers, are selected against a wide range of targets, including purified proteins, live cells, tissues, microorganisms, small molecules and so on. With the development of SELEX technology over the last two decades, various modified SELEX processes have been arisen. A majority of aptamers are selected against purified proteins through traditional SELEX. Unfortunately, more and more evidence showed aptamers selected against purified membrane proteins failed to recognize their targets in live cells. Cell-SELEX could develop aptamers against a particular target cell line to discriminate this cell line from others. Therefore, cell-SELEX has been widely used to select aptamers for the application of both diagnosis and therapy of various diseases, especially for cancer. In this review, the advantages and limitations of cell-SELEX and SELEX against purified protein will be compared. Various modified cell-SELEX techniques will be summarized, and application of cell-SELEX in cancer diagnosis and therapy will be discussed.
Interaction Grammars

Interaction Grammars (IG) are a new linguistic formalism which is based on descriptions of underspecified trees in the framework of intuitionistic linear logic (ILL). Syntactic composition, which is expressed by deduction in linear logic, is controlled by a system of polarized features. In this way, parsing amounts to generating models of trees descriptions and it is implemented as a constraint satisfaction problem.
K-Triviality of Closed Sets and Continuous Functions

We investigate the notion of K-triviality for closed sets and continuous functions in 2ℕ. For every K-trivial degree d, there exists a closed set of degree d and a continuous function of degree d. Every K-trivial closed set contains a K-trivial real. There exists a K-trivial Π10 class with no computable elements. A closed set is K-trivial if and only if it is the set of zeroes of some K-trivial continuous function. We give a density result for the Medvedev degrees of K-trivial Π10 sets. If W ≤TA′, then W can compute a path through every A′-decidable random closed set if and only if W ≡TA′.