Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AMPK-Mediated AS160 Phosphorylation in Skeletal Muscle Is Dependent on AMPK Catalytic and Regulatory Subunits

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric protein that regulates glucose transport mediated by cellular stress or pharmacological agonists such as 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1 β-d-ribonucleoside (AICAR). AS160, a Rab GTPase-activating protein, provides a mechanism linking AMPK signaling to glucose uptake. We show that AICAR increases AMPK, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and AS160 phosphorylation by insulin-independent mechanisms in isolated skeletal muscle. Recombinant AMPK heterotrimeric complexes (α1β1γ1 and α2β2γ1) phosphorylate AS160 in a cell-free assay. In mice deficient in AMPK signaling (α2 AMPK knockout [KO], α2 AMPK kinase dead [KD], and γ3 AMPK KO), AICAR effects on AS160 phosphorylation were severely blunted, highlighting that complexes containing α2 and γ3 are necessary for AICAR-stimulated AS160 phosphorylation in intact skeletal muscle. Contraction-mediated AS160 phosphorylation was also impaired in α2 AMPK KO and KD but not γ3 AMPK KO mice. Our results implicate AS160 as a downstream target of AMPK.
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL REACTION NETWORKS

Abstract Metabolic or cell signalling pathways are examples of biochemical networks exhibiting possible complex dynamics in the form of steady-state multiplicity, sustained oscillations or even deterministic chaos. The origin of these nonlinear phenomena is not always well understood, nor it can be systematically predicted beyond a case by case basis. Despite considerable progress in dynamic aspects, efforts are still needed to develop efficient and robust methods of stabilization and control of reaction networks. In this work, we combine concepts and tools from irreversible thermodynamics and systems theory to explore the underlying dynamic properties of a general class of chemical and biochemical networks. Lyapunov and passivity based methods are given for the systematic design of globally stabilizing feedback controllers in both the concentration space and a novel minimal description of the kinetic networks dynamics: the reaction space.
Simultaneous Localization and Mapping of Mobile Robot Based on Environmental Features

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) for mobile robots is critical to realize the fully autonomous navigation. In this paper a general framework of simultaneous localization and mapping is proposed for mobile robots. Sequentially every parts of the framework are designed in detail. Finally the feasibility of the proposed framework is verified by the experiment based on point model and extended Kalman filter algorithmic approach. In conclusion the future direction of research is pointed out. The aim is to provide a feasible framework to research on simultaneous localization and mapping with researchers and to promote the development of robotic technologies.
Secure multi-party computation over networks

Consider a set of parties who do not trust each other but want to compute some agreed function of their inputs in a secure way. This problem is known as multi-party computation. It has various interesting applications including election over the internet, electric contracts, private and secret database, joint signatures, and others. A number of techniques for the problem have been proposed. Secure protocols for multipaty computation known so far are mainly based on threshold secret sharing, verifiable secret sharing, zero-knowledge proofs, and error-correcting codes. We survey important and interesting results on secure multi-party computation under the existence of various types of adversaries. key words: security, secure protocols, multi-party computation, cryptography
A Comprehensive Prediction Method of Visit Priority for Focused Crawler

The purpose of a focused crawler is to crawl more topical portions of the Internet precisely. How to predict the visit priorities of candidate URLs whose corresponding pages have yet to be fetched is the determining factor in the focused crawler's ability of getting more relevant pages. This paper introduces a comprehensive prediction method to address this problem. In this method, a page partition algorithm that partitions the page into smaller blocks and interclass rules that statistically capture linkage relationships among the topic classes are adopted to help the focused crawler cross tunnel and to enlarge the focused crawler's coverage, URL's address, anchor text and block content are used to predict visit priority more precisely. Experiments are carried out on the target topic of tennis and the results show that crawler based on this method is more effective than a rule-based crawler on harvest ratio.
Exploring the concept of human OCT3 inhibitors as a novel class of antidepressants

EXPLORING THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN OCT3 INHIBITORS AS A NOVEL CLASS OF ANTIDEPRESSANTS By Kavita Ananthanarayan Iyer, Ph. D. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2016 Major Director: Małgorzata Dukat, Ph. D. Associate Professor, Department of Medicinal Chemistry The Dukat laboratory developed 2-amino-6-chloro-3,4-dihydroquinazoline (A6CDQ) as a 5-HT3 receptor ligand. A6CDQ and one of its positional isomers, the 7-chloro analog A7CDQ, produced antidepressant-like effects in the mouse tail suspension test (TST). Activities at the 5-HT3 receptors or the serotonin transporter (SERT) were considered as potential mechanisms for the antidepressant-like effect. However, we investigated and systematically ruled out a solely 5-HT3 receptor or hSERT mediated mechanism of antidepressant-like effect for both A6CDQ and A7CDQ.
Towards a Worst-Case I/O-Optimal Algorithm for Acyclic Joins

Nested-loop join is a worst-case I/O-optimal algorithm for 2 relations. Recently, a lot of efforts have been devoted to the "triangle query", for which an I/O-optimal algorithm is known. This paper extends these results to a fairly large class of acyclic joins. Acyclic joins can be computed optimally in internal memory using Yannakakis' algorithm from 1981, which simply performs a series of pairwise joins. However, no pairwise join algorithm can be I/O-optimal beyond 2 relations. To achieve I/O-optimality, the algorithm has to handle all the intermediate results carefully without writing them to disk. Unlike the optimal internal memory join algorithm which has a nice tight bound (the AGM bound), the I/O-complexity of joins turns out to be quite complex or even unknown. Yet, we are able to prove that our algorithm is I/O-optimal for certain classes of acyclic joins without deriving its bound explicitly.
Quality and Sensory Characteristics of Reduced-fat Chicken Patties with Pork Back Fat Replaced by Dietary Fiber from Wheat Sprout

The effects of reducing pork fat levels from 20% to 15% or 10% by partially substituting pork back fat with wheat sprout fiber in reduced-fat chicken patties were investigated. Approximate composition, energy value, pH, color, cooking loss, reduction in diameter, reduction in thickness, shear force, and sensory properties were determined. Moisture content, ash contents, yellowness of uncooked and cooked reduced-fat chicken patties with wheat sprout were higher than those in the control, while displaying fat content, calorie content, and pH of uncooked and cooked lower in reduced-fat chicken patties than in the control. Cooking loss, reduction in diameter, and reduction in thickness were the highest in the reduced-fat chicken patties with 10% fat level. Cooking loss, reduction in diameter, and reduction in thickness were decreased when fat levels and wheat sprout levels were increased. Control samples without wheat sprout dietary fiber had significantly (p<0.05) higher color and flavor scores compared to reduced-fat chicken patties containing wheat sprout dietary fiber. The overall acceptability of the control and treatment with 15% fat and 2% wheat sprout dietary fiber (T3) was the highest. Therefore, 15% fat level in reduced-fat chicken patties with the addition of 2% wheat sprout dietary fiber can be used to improve the quality and sensory characteristics of regular-fat chicken patties containing 20% fat level.
An Effective Frame Synchronization Technique for DRM System

Currently digitalization of analog broadcasting systems is taking place because digital broadcasting has many advantages such as efficient use of the frequency spectrum and provision of high-quality content broadcast services. However, service start time in digital broadcasting systems is slower compared to the analog broadcasting systems. Therefore, digital broadcasting systems require fast and efficient synchronization methods. In this paper, we propose a fast frame detection technique without sampling frequency correction for the Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) receiver and show the performance of the proposed method using computer simulations and implementation on hardware.
Free Levels of Selected Organic Solutes and Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients: Results from the Retained Organic Solutes and Clinical Outcomes (ROSCO) Investigators

Background and Objectives Numerous substances accumulate in the body in uremia but those contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients are still undefined. We examined the association of baseline free levels of four organic solutes that are secreted in the native kidney — p-cresol sulfate, indoxyl sulfate, hippurate and phenylacetylglutamine — with outcomes in hemodialysis patients. Design, Setting, Participants and Measurements We measured these solutes in stored specimens from 394 participants of a US national prospective cohort study of incident dialysis patients. We examined the relation of each solute and a combined solute index to cardiovascular mortality and morbidity (first cardiovascular event) using Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, clinical factors and laboratory tests including Kt/VUREA. Results Mean age of the patients was 57 years, 65% were white and 55% were male. In fully adjusted models, a higher p-cresol sulfate level was associated with a greater risk (HR per SD increase; 95% CI) of cardiovascular mortality (1.62; 1.17–2.25; p=0.004) and first cardiovascular event (1.60; 1.23–2.08; p<0.001). A higher phenylacetylglutamine level was associated with a greater risk of first cardiovascular event (1.37; 1.18–1.58; p<0.001). Patients in the highest quintile of the combined solute index had a 96% greater risk of cardiovascular mortality (1.96; 1.05–3.68; p=0.04) and 62% greater risk of first cardiovascular event (1.62; 1.12–2.35; p=0.01) compared with patients in the lowest quintile. Results were robust in sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Free levels of uremic solutes that are secreted by the native kidney are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in incident hemodialysis patients.
Creating compact architectural models by geo-registering image collections

We present a method for automatically constructing compact, photo-realistic architectural 3D models. This method uses simple 3D building outlines obtained from existing GIS databases to bootstrap reconstruction and works with both structured and unstructured image datasets. We propose an optimal view-selection algorithm for selecting a small set of views for texture mapping that best describe the structure, while minimizing warping and stitching artifacts, and producing a consistent visual representation. The proposed method is fully automatic and can process large structured datasets in close to real-time, making it suitable for large scale urban modeling and 3D map construction.
The Sparse PCA Problem: Optimality Conditions and Algorithms

Sparse principal component analysis (PCA) addresses the problem of finding a linear combination of the variables in a given data set with a sparse coefficients vector that maximizes the variability of the data. This model enhances the ability to interpret the principal components, and is applicable in a wide variety of fields including genetics and finance, just to name a few. We suggest a necessary coordinate-wise-based optimality condition, and show its superiority over the stationarity-based condition that is commonly used in the literature, and which is the basis for many of the algorithms designed to solve the problem. We devise algorithms that are based on the new optimality condition, and provide numerical experiments that support our assertion that algorithms which are guaranteed to converge to stronger optimality condition, perform better than algorithms that converge to points satisfying weaker optimality conditions.
evelopmental history of the subplate zone , subplate neurons and interstitial hite matter neurons : relevance for schizophrenia

The subplate zone is a transient cytoarchitectonic compartment of the fetal telencephalic wall and contains a population of subplate neurons which are the main neurons of the fetal neocortex and play a key role in normal development of cerebral cortical structure and connectivity. While the subplate zone disappears during the perinatal and early postnatal period, numerous subplate neurons survive and remain embedded in the superficial (gyral) white matter of adolescent and adult brain as so-called interstitial neurons. In both fetal and adult brain, subplate/interstitial neurons belong to two major classes of cortical cells: (a) projection (glutamatergic) neurons and (b) local circuit (GABAergic) interneurons. As interstitial neurons remain strategically positioned at the cortical/white matter interface through which various cortical afferent systems enter the deep cortical layers, they probably serve as auxiliary interneurons involved in differential “gating” of cortical input systems. It is widely accepted that prenatal lesions which alter the number of surviving subplate neurons (i.e., the number of interstitial neurons) and/or the nature of their involvement in cortical circuitry represent an important causal factor in pathogenesis of at least some types of schizophrenia – e.g., in the subgroup of patients with cognitive impairment and deficits of frontal lobe functions. The abnormal functioning of cortical circuitry in schizophrenia becomes manifest during the adolescence, when there is an increased demand for proper functioning of the prefrontal cortex. In this review, we describe developmental history of subplate zone, subplate neurons and surviving interstitial neurons, as well as presumed consequences of the increased number of GABAergic interstitial neurons in the prefrontal cortex. We propose that the increased number of GABAergic interstitial neurons leads to the increased inhibition of prefrontal cortical neurons. This inhibitory action of GABAergic interstitial neurons is facilitated by their strategic position at the cortical/white matter interface where limbic and modulatory afferent pathways enter the prefrontal cortex. Thus, enlarged population of inhibitory interstitial neurons (even if they represent a minor fraction of total neuron number, as in the cerebral cortex itself) may alter the differential “gating” of limbic and modulatory inputs (as well as other cortical and subcortical inputs) and cause a functional disconnectivity between the prefrontal and limbic cortex in the adolescent brain. In conclusion, fetal subplate neurons and surviving postnatal interstitial neurons are important modulators of cortical functions in both normal and schizophrenic cerebral cortex.
Detecting Adaptive Trait Introgression Between Iris fulva and I. brevicaulis in Highly Selective Field Conditions

The idea that natural hybridization has served as an important force in evolutionary and adaptive diversification has gained considerable momentum in recent years. By combining genome analyses with a highly selective field experiment, we provide evidence for adaptive trait introgression between two naturally hybridizing Louisiana Iris species, flood-tolerant Iris fulva and dry-adapted I. brevicaulis. We planted reciprocal backcross (BC1) hybrids along with pure-species plants into natural settings that, due to a flooding event, favored I. fulva. As expected, I. fulva plants survived at much higher rates than I. brevicaulis plants. Backcross hybrids toward I. fulva (BCIF) also survived at significantly higher rates than the reciprocal backcross toward I. brevicaulis (BCIB). Survivorship of BCIB hybrids was strongly influenced by the presence of a number of introgressed I. fulva alleles located throughout the genome, while survivorship in the reciprocal BCIF hybrids was heavily influenced by two epistatically acting QTL of opposite effects. These results demonstrate the potential for adaptive trait introgression between these two species and may help to explain patterns of genetic variation observed in naturally occurring hybrid zones.
The potential for using risk models in future lung cancer screening trials

Computed tomography screening for early diagnosis of lung cancer is one of the more potentially useful strategies, aside from smoking cessation programmes, for reducing mortality and improving the current poor survival from this disease. The long-term success of lung cancer screening will be dependent upon identifying populations at sufficient risk in order to maximise the benefit-to-harm ratio of the intervention. Risk prediction models could potentially play a major role in the selection of high-risk individuals who would benefit most from screening intervention programmes for the early detection of lung cancer. Improvements of developed lung cancer risk prediction models (through incorporation of objective clinical factors and genetic and molecular biomarkers for precise and accurate estimation of risks), demonstration of their clinical usefulness in decision making, and their use in future screening programmes are the focus of current research.
Specialised excitation and wavelet feature extraction in fault diagnosis of analogue electronic circuits

This article presents design of specialised aperiodic excitation. Purpose is fault diagnosis of analogue electronic circuits. The goal is enhancement of parametric (soft) faults location. Such combination is one of the most difficult diagnosis cases. Further improvement is achieved after utilising wavelet transform as a feature extractor. Obtained results are compared with fault diagnosis by means of the simplest aperiodic function: unit step.
Fault detection and diagnosis of distributed parameter systems based on sensor networks and Bayesian networks

This paper presents some considerations related to fault detection and diagnosis, using Bayesian networks, in the complex distributed parameter systems with time and space variables, where the intelligent wireless sensor networks are used as a distributed sensor. These miniaturized intelligent sensors may be placed in the area of multivariable distributed parameter systems and even with limited resources of energy, memory, computational power and bandwidth they may add to solve applications on a large space. Multivariable estimation techniques are easier to applied when a multi-sensor network is used. Bayesian networks bring their main characteristics as graphic models with a node topology and treating information by probabilistic inference. The usage of Bayesian networks is chosen considering the distributed parameter system as a system with continuous variable, but digitally surveyed in discrete time, the sensor placed to measure the time variation of system variables been affected by random noises. The paper presents as an application how Bayesian networks could be applied to fault detection and diagnosis in an on-line estimation of a dynamic model for distributed parameter systems, with exemplification in the case of the city road traffic.
Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience Synaptic Neuroscience

have recently described a functionally defined phase designated the delayed response enhancement (DRE), which appears to represent a vesicle pool which begins to release transmitter when stimulation has lasted approximately 3.5 s. Around 75 stimuli contributed to this enhancement phase, which was followed by response decays (Jensen et al., 2007; see, however, Garcia-Perez et al., 2008). The putative vesicle pool involved in this response, which appeared to be dependent on the vesicle-associated synapsin I/II proteins, was found to be sensitive to temperature and F-actin cycling, and to be developmentally regulated (Jensen et al., 2007; Bogen et al., 2009). The exact identity and localization of these vesicles, as well as their physiological importance, remain, however, unclear. In order to define possible physiological relationships between the vesicles present in the RRP and those responsible for the DRE phase, we have here examined these response phases during activation of three well-known intraterminal signaling pathways, including those regulated by cyclic AMP (cAMP), diacylglycer-ols (DAG) and increased levels of Ca 2+ , all of which may change vesicle recruitment, docking, priming, and/or exocytotic fusion
THE DEPENDENCE OF THE POLINSAR DEGREE OF COHERENCE ON FOREST PARAMETERS

Understanding the dependence of observables on biophysical parameters is crucial for a correct exploitation of the information embedded in the SAR data. In this contribution we report on the sensitiveness that the polarimetric and interferometric phase presents versus forest parameters. Different characteristics of the acquisition sensor are also included in the analysis. We use a detailed coherence and discrete model enclosed in the ESA Toolbox PolSARPro.
The sign of Galois representations attached to automorphic forms for unitary groups

Abstract Let K be a CM number field and GK its absolute Galois group. A representation of GK is said to be polarized if it is isomorphic to the contragredient of its outer complex conjugate, up to a twist by a power of the cyclotomic character. Absolutely irreducible polarized representations of GK have a sign ±1, generalizing the fact that a self-dual absolutely irreducible representation is either symplectic or orthogonal. If Π is a regular algebraic, polarized, cuspidal automorphic representation of GLn(𝔸K), and if ρ is a p-adic Galois representation attached to Π, then ρ is polarized and we show that all of its polarized irreducible constituents have sign +1 . In particular, we determine the orthogonal/symplectic alternative for the Galois representations associated to the regular algebraic, essentially self-dual, cuspidal automorphic representations of GLn (𝔸F) when F is a totally real number field.
Generation and Analysis of Motor Neuron Disease Models in Zebrafish

ii Acknowledgments . vi Vita . viii List of Tables . xiv List of Figures . xv Abbreviated Terms . xviii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Overview . 1 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis . 4 Spinal muscular atrophy . 19 Danio rerio as a model of neurodegenerative disease . 27 Summary . 30 Chapter 2. A genetic model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in zebrafish displays phenotypic hallmarks of motoneuron disease . 32 Abstract . 32 Introduction . 33