Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of the temperature fluctuations on the flame temperature and radiative heat exchange inside a pulverized coal-fired furnace

In this paper, influence of the temperature fluctuations, (as a version of turbulence-radiation interaction), on the flame temperature and radiative heat exchange inside the pulverized coal-fired furnace was investigated. The radiative heat exchange was solved by the Hottel zonal model. The influence of the temperature fluctuation was studied for three values of the extinction coefficient of the flame: 0.3, 1.0, and 2.0 m-1. The investigation was conducted for the relative temperature fluctuations obtained by solving the transport equation for the temperature variance, and for four constant values of the relative temperature fluctuations (0.0, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2). The maximal values of the mean temperature fluctuations and relative temperature fluctuations were obtained in the region close to the burners. The decrease of the flame temperature of about 100 K was obtained in the hottest region, for every extinction coefficient. An increase in the mean wall flux was found to be on the order of several percents, compared to the case without the temperature fluctuations. When the temperature variance was calculated, the mean relative temperature fluctuations were approximately 15%, for every extinction coefficient. The mean wall fluxes increased and flame temperature at the furnace exit plane decreased with the increase in the relative temperature fluctuations. The selected indicators of the furnace operation, such as the mean wall flux and mean flame temperature at the furnace exit plane, obtained for the calculated temperature variance, were close to the values predicted for the constant relative temperature fluctuation of 15%.
Correlation of PDL-1 Expression with Tumour Budding and Tumour Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Colorectal Cancers

Objective: To study and correlate PDL-1 expression with Tumour budding and Tumour Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Colorectal Carcinoma. Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is third most common cancer with a high mortality. Many attempts have been made to raise overall survival of CRC patients. The immune system plays an important role in clearing the unhealthy cancer cells. Programmed death 1 (PD1) is a regulatory molecule which dampens the immune response when bound to one of its complementary ligands (PDL1). Its expression is related to the response of immunotherapy in CRC treatment which has been exploited in recent times. However, its prognostic value is still controversial, and the distribution of PD-L1 on tumour Cells or Immune Cells has not been comprehensively analysed. Method: A total of 30 patients diagnosed with CRCs were included who underwent surgical intervention. Cases who took preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy were excluded. IHC analyses of PDL1 was done and was correlated with tumour budding and Tumour Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) and statistical significance was assessed. Results: 11 cases showed low bud count at the invasive front out of which only 3 cases showed PDL1 positivity. The rest 19 cases had high bud count out of which 18 were PDL 1 positive. This difference was highly significant (p = 0.002). In Low Bud / High TILs, 75% cases showed no PDL1 expression in tumour cells, whereas 62.5% cases showed PDL1 positivity in TILs whereas in High Bud / Low TILs group, all the cases (100%) showed PDL1 expression in tumour cells whereas only 75% cases showed PDL1 positivity in TILs, again being statistically significant (p <0.001). Conclusion: This study showed an inverse correlation between PDL1 in tumour buds and immune cells, thus emphasising the role of tumour microenvironment. Our study reiterates the fact that high expression of PDL1 in tumour cells suppresses antitumor response whereas its high expression in TILS correlates with a better prognosis.
Analytical O(h2) CFD error annihilation theory: FREE O(h4) upgrade for second-order numerics codes

ABSTRACT Worldwide, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes for Navier–Stokes (NS), Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RaNS), and/or large eddy simulation NS (LES) partial differential equation (PDE) systems are invariably based on second-order discrete numerics. Resulting nonlinear convection term discretizations inject an O(h2) dispersive error mechanism, h the mesh measure, inducing code algebraic destabilization for practical Reynolds numbers (Re). Code universal resolution is PDE discretization augmentation with a (usually) difference algebra derived numerical diffusion scheme to render O(h2) dispersion error destabilization nonpathological. The penalty of such schemes is artificial diffusion compromising of sharp fronts and/or discontinuities and generation of nonmonotone CFD approximations. Such legacy practices are now rendered obsolete by a totally analytical theory that rigorously identifies, in the continuum (! ), the O(h2) truncation error terms resident but unspecified in NS/RaNS/LES PDE system second-order CFD spatial discretizations. The theory removes identified O(h2) error terms by alteration of the continuum appearance of NS/RaNS/LES PDE systems with nonlinear vector differential calculus operators. Theory is amenable to any second-order “tri-diagonal stencil” equivalent CFD discretization and, upon implementation, elevates the original second-order numerics code to O(h4) with no further action. This Taylor series error estimate is weak form theory formalized to a regular solution adapted nonuniform mesh refinement O(h4) asymptotic error estimate. Theory implementation in a linear basis optimal Galerkin criterion weak form algorithm CFD code enables a posteriori data generation validating annihilation of O(h2) dispersive error mechanisms for reduced NS, full NS, and RaNS PDE systems. In every instance, theory implementation leads to CFD monotone solution distributions free from artificial diffusion influence on sufficiently refined meshes. Differential definition Galerkin weak forms, code post-processed, quantify theory annihilated O(h2) dispersion error spectra, RaNS state variable member specific.
Synergistic graphene-MnOx/honeycomb activated carbon (G-MnOx/HAC) and plasma technology for eradication of pathogenic microorganisms

This paper addresses the risk for environmental transmission of pathogenic microorganisms in confined spaces and the serious health hazards for personnel, and research on efficient eradication methods for the pathogenic microorganisms was carried out to provide technical support for ensuring the health of personnel in confined spaces. A series of graphene-MnO2 (G-MnO2) catalytic materials was prepared by hydrothermal and precipitation methods, and processing parameters such as the graphene doping method, the raw material ratio and the plasma action time were optimized. It was shown that G-MnOX-P/HAC prepared by a one-step precipitation method and with a graphene doping ratio of 10% had the best bactericidal effect in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor after 4 min of reaction. The eradication rates for Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), coronavirus and Aspergillus niger were all greater than 99.9%. The characterization techniques TEM, SEM, XRD, XPS, BET and FT-IR showed that the G-MnOX-P samples prepared by the one-step precipitation method had larger specific surface areas with more oxygen vacancies and functional groups on the surfaces, which was conducive to decomposition of the ozone generated by the dissociated plasma and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for the microbial eradication process. Finally, by comparing the ozone-decomposition activity with the plasma co-catalytic performance, it was verified that efficient decomposition of the ozone facilitated the eradication of microorganisms. Based on this, an analysis of the mechanism for efficient eradication was carried out.
Increase in the neutron yield from a dense plasma-focus experiment performed with a conical tip placed in the centre of the anode end

The paper describes the evolution of self-organized structures inside a pinched plasma column during the phase of the effective production of fusion neutrons, as observed in the mega-ampere plasma focus experiment performed with a conical tip placed in the centre of the anode face. In a comparison with the plane anode face configuration, the described anode shape facilitated transformations in the pinch column during the neutron production and increased the neutron yield several times. Simultaneously, it decreased the minimal diameter and the length of the pinched column, and it depressed the first neutron pulse. It also induced shorter pulses of X-rays and neutrons, which enabled the determination of a temporal difference between the emission of electron and deuteron beams. The fast electrons were produced mainly during a disruption of the pinch constriction, while the fast deuterons – during the formation and explosion of plasmoids. The paper also presents the temporal evolution of a current distributio.
From child-peer similarity in imitative behavior to matched peer-mediated interventions in autism

Self-consciousness develops through a long process, from pre-reflexive consciousness relying on body perception, to “meta” self-awareness. It emerges from the imitative experience between children and their peers. This experience linked to the capacity to test structural similarities between oneself and others, is addressed according to the concept of interpersonal affordance. We hypothesize that the opportunity for co-actors to engage in a process of interpersonal coordination is underlined by their similarity in terms of morphological, behavioral and motor features. This experience can sustain the emergence of new affordances for objects for each co-actor, as well as new affordances in terms of joint actions. We apply this idea in the context of peer-mediated interventions (PMI) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We argue that, in PMI, an encounter between children with autism and similar peers would foster the opportunity to engage in a spontaneous process of interpersonal coordination. This process would enable the development of self-consciousness and the emergence of perception of interpersonal, self and other’s affordances for children with autism. We conclude that metrics to assess morphological, behavioral and motor similarity should then be defined and used in future studies to test our hypothesis in children with autism versus TD children or between children with autism.
Techniques to Measure Absolute Neutron Spectrum and Intensity for Accelerator Based Neutron Source for BNCT

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a new and promising cancer therapy. At present, development of accelerator based neutron source (ABNS) is underway to be utilized as a neutron source instead of nuclear reactor. However, it is known that the neutron fields formed with accelerators have different characteristics depending on kind of accelerators. It means we have to characterize the field before practical use. In the authors’ group, various neutronics characterization devices have been developed for our BNCT machine named CSePT. It includes source intensity, epi-thermal neutron flux, neutron spectrum and so on. In the present paper, such measuring techniques were overviewed.
Whole genome sequencing of Aoluguya reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in China

Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) belonging to Artiodactyla order and Cervidae family has a broad range in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions mainly including Norway, Finland, Sweden, Russia, the United States, and Canada (Ju et al., 2019). Hunting and herding reindeer are of utmost importance to the people residing in the Arctic (Kvie et al., 2016). For centuries, reindeer has been a crucial source of subsistence items for Arctic residents, such as food and fur, and has also played a key role in transportation (Kofinas et al., 2000). Additionally, reindeer has played a pivotal role in the origin and development of numerous indigenous cultures in the North (Baskin, 2000). By studying reindeer, researchers can gain insights into the history of many Arctic cultures. Although the reindeer was added to the Red List of Threatening Species of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 2015 and were estimated as vulnerable according to the criteria of A2a (http://www. iucnredlist.org/), fortunately it has beed monitored so that we can improve its position. Aoluguya reindeer (Figure 1A), located in the Greater Khingan Mountain region of Inner Mongolia in China (50°20′-52°30′N, 120°12′-122°55′E) and domesticated by the Ewenki people, is a population that is currently being bred in the southernmost part of this species habitat and is a valuable research target due to long-term isolation. The migration of Aoluguya reindeer (AgD) is limited by mountains and traffic, which hinders genetic exchange. In recent years, as a result of this geographical isolation, habitat degradation, long-term inbreeding, population degradation, and weakened disease resistance the number of population has shown a dramatic decline (Ju et al., 2019). It is recorded that the number of reindeer is always around 1,000 and the development is not optimistic (Zhai et al., 2017). The loss of reindeer will has severe negative consequences for the environment and the indigenous cultures of the North, such as the Ewenki. Because of the limited analyses of the genomic characteristics and genetic diversity of AgD, the genetic basis of these traits remains unclear. This also leads to a lack of relevant measures to preserve this population. So the sequencing of the AgD will be a valuable resource for researchers focused on its conservation and those interested in further reindeer genomic studies. Taking this into account, here, we report and release whole-genome sequencing data from 10 individuals with AgD to be available. OPEN ACCESS
Time and Frequency Domain Analysis of Memristor Based Series and Parallel RLCM Circuits

The paper investigates the state space analysis of memristor based series and parallel RLCM circuits. The stability analysis was carried out with the help of eigenvalues formulation method, pole-zero plot and transient response of system. The state space analysis was successfully applied and eigenvalues of the two circuits were calculated. It was found that the system followed a negative real part of eigenvalues. The result clearly shows that addition of memristor in circuits does not alter the stability of the system. It was found that systems’ poles are located at left hand side of the S plane, which indicates a stable performance of system. It is clear that the eigenvalues have negative real part; hence the two systems are internally stable. Furthermore, the time and frequency domain resulting from both the systems suggest the stability of bounded input and bounded output (BIBO).
Uplink Performance of Hardware-Impaired Cell-Free Massive MIMO With Multi-Antenna Users and Superimposed Pilots

Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) has recently been proposed to improve cell edge performance. However, most prior works consider perfect hardware impairments (HIs), which are difficult to be achieved in practical systems. This paper studies the impact of HI in an uplink cell-free mMIMO system with both multi-antenna access points (APs) and multi-antenna user terminals (UTs) under the Weichselberger channel model.Firstly, we study a two-layer decoding scheme with local minimum mean-squared error or maximum ratio combining at the AP side and with optimal large-scale fading decoding in the central processing unit. We derive novel closed-form SE expressions and prove that the effect of HI can be mitigated in the case of UTs with multiple antennas. However, the achievable SE is constrained by the pilot contamination and pilot overhead. To this end, the superimposed pilot (SP) transmission method is considered in this paper, where all the coherence intervals are used for both pilot and data symbols transmission. Finally, numerical results verify our derived expressions and reveal the relationship between HI and the number of antennas per UT for different pilot schemes. Note that the advantages of SP over regular pilots disappear when the hardware quality decreases with multi-antenna UTs.
Deep Latent Fusion Layers for Binaural Speech Enhancement

This work addresses the issue of enhancing speech in binaural hearing scenarios. Specifically, we present a method to improve binaural noise reduction by integrating latent features produced by monaural speech enhancement algorithms through the use of “Fusion layers. ” These layers perform Hadamard products between latent spaces at specific processing stages. These fusion layers draw inspiration from multi-task learning techniques, which involve sharing model weights across various models aimed at handling interconnected tasks. The layers perform element-wise dot products between tensors representing latent representations at the same processing stage, mimicking the physiological excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms of the binaural hearing system. This study initially presents a general fusion model, demonstrating its ability to better fit synthetic data compared to independent linear models, equalize activation variance between learning modules, and exploit input data redundancy to improve the training error. We then apply the concept of fusion layers to enhance speech in binaural listening conditions. The proposed method shows promise for improved noise reduction compared to other feature-sharing approaches. The study also suggests that including fusion can enhance predicted speech intelligibility and quality, but too many fused features may have a negative impact on expected speech intelligibility. Furthermore, the results suggest that fusion layers should share parameterized latent representations to effectively utilize information from each listening side, rather than using deterministic representations. Overall, this study highlights the potential of sharing information between speech enhancement modules through deep fusion layers to improve binaural speech enhancement while maintaining constant trainable parameters and improving generalization.
Effect of W self-implantation and He plasma exposure on early-stage defect and bubble formation in tungsten

To determine the effect of pre-existing defects on helium-vacancy cluster nucleation and growth, tungsten samples were self-implanted with 1 MeV tungsten ions at varying fluences to induce radiation damage, then subsequently exposed to helium plasma in the MAGPIE linear plasma device. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy was performed both immediately after self-implantation, and again after plasma exposure. After self-implantation vacancies clusters were not observed near the sample surface (<30 nm). At greater depths (30–150 nm) vacancy clusters formed, and were found to increase in size with increasing W-ion fluence. After helium plasma exposure in the MAGPIE linear plasma device at ~300 K with a fluence of 1023 He-m−2, deep (30–150 nm) vacancy clusters showed similar positron lifetimes, while shallow (<30 nm) clusters were not observed. The intensity of positron lifetime signals fell for most samples after plasma exposure, indicating that defects were filling with helium. The absence of shallow clusters indicates that helium requires pre-existing defects in order to drive vacancy cluster growth at 300 K. Further samples that had not been pre-damaged with W-ions were also exposed to helium plasma in MAGPIE across fluences from 1 × 1022 to 1.2 × 1024 He-m−2. Samples exposed to fluences up to 1 × 1023 He-m−2 showed no signs of damage. Fluences of 5 × 1023 He-m−2 and higher showed significant helium-cluster formation within the first 30 nm, with positron lifetimes in the vicinity 0.5–0.6 ns. The sample temperature was significantly higher for these higher fluence exposures (~400 K) due to plasma heating. This higher temperature likely enhanced bubble formation by significantly increasing the rate interstitial helium clusters generate vacancies, which is we suspect is the rate-limiting step for helium-vacancy cluster/bubble nucleation in the absence of pre-existing defects.
Alternative theories in quantum foundations

Abstraction is an important driving force in theoretical physics. New insights often accompany the creation of physical frameworks which are both comprehensive and parsimonious. In particular, the analysis of alternative sets of theories which exhibit similar structural features as quantum theory has yielded important new results and physical understanding. An important task is to undertake a thorough analysis and classification of quantum-like theories. In this thesis, we take a step in this direction, moving towards a synthetic description of alternative theories in quantum foundations.ion is an important driving force in theoretical physics. New insights often accompany the creation of physical frameworks which are both comprehensive and parsimonious. In particular, the analysis of alternative sets of theories which exhibit similar structural features as quantum theory has yielded important new results and physical understanding. An important task is to undertake a thorough analysis and classification of quantum-like theories. In this thesis, we take a step in this direction, moving towards a synthetic description of alternative theories in quantum foundations. After a brief philosophical introduction, we give a presentation of the mathematical concepts underpinning the foundations of physics, followed by an introduction to the foundations of quantum mechanics. The core of the thesis consists of three results chapters based on the articles in the author’s publications page. Chapter 4 analyses the logic of stabilizer quantum mechanics and provides a complete set of circuit equations for this sub-theory of quantum mechanics. Chapter 5 describes how quantum-like theories can be classified in a periodic table of theories. A pictorial calculus for alternative physical theories, called the ZX calculus for qudits, is then introduced and used as a tool to depict particular examples of quantum-like theories, including qudit stabilizer quantum mechanics and the SpekkensSchreiber toy theory. Chapter 6 presents an alternative set of quantum-like theories, called quantum collapse models. A novel quantum collapse model, where the rate of collapse depends on the Quantum Integrated Information of a physical system, is introduced and discussed in some detail. We then conclude with a brief summary of the main results.
Estimation and evaluation of the triple-frequency GPS satellite inter-frequency clock bias

A new estimation method is presented to detect and remove the potential outliers in the triple-frequency GPS inter-frequency clock bias (IFCB) estimating. The estimated results of the robust estimation (RE) can successfully mitigate the influence of outliers on IFCB estimation, IFCB modelling and IFCB application. The difference between the constant parts of IFCB estimated with observations and the differential code bias (DCB) (P1–P2) and DCB (P1–P5) products is computed and this difference shows that the DCB products cannot completely replace the constant parts of IFCB. The characteristic of the IFCB modeling is discussed based on the 5- year results. The estimated IFCB is evaluated and its impact on the precise point positioning (PPP) is analysed. The PPP results show that the influence of the IFCB on the static positioning is different with that of kinematic mode.