Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Employees’ use of social networking sites and job performance

This study was designed to explore the purpose to which employees use social networking sites and examine its effect on their performance. Using data from 203 respondents, exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify the speci�c activities employees undertake using social networking sites during work hours. Moreover, multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the effects of each social networking site activities, total time spent by employees on social networking sites and the number of social networking site accounts on their job performance. Six dimensions of social networking sites use at work were identi�ed: Social networking sites use for work related activities, social networking sites use for commenting and status updating, social networking sites use for social interaction, social networking sites use for self-expression, social networking sites use for entertainment and social networking sites use for political activities. Moreover, results revealed that the total time spent on social networking sites, social networking sites use for political activities and entertainment negatively affected employees’ job performance while Social networking sites use for work and socialization were found to positively affect employees’ job performance. No signi�cant relationship was found between job performance and social networking sites use for self-presentation and status updating.
An atlas of the distribution of calcium carbonate in sediments of the deep sea

Historical observations of the concentration of calcium carbonate in global deep sea sediments are compiled and compared with a new gridded field of seawater CO3= concentration to reveal regional variations in the calcite lysocline. The most obvious mode of variability of the calcite lysocline is the thickness of the lysocline (defined here as the difference in overlying water carbonate saturation, ΔCO3=, between high and low calcite sediments) with a thicker lysocline in the Atlantic than in the Pacific. I attribute this variation to differences in the delivery rate of terriginous material. A recent model for the lower glacial atmospheric pCO2 proposed to change the relationship between the depth of the lysocline and the ΔCO3= of the water column by changing the rain rate ratio of organic carbon to calcite production (the “rain ratio model”: Archer and Maier-Reimer, 1994). I search the data set for analogs to the proposed glacial world, by looking for a link between the regional climate at the sea surface and the depth of the lysocline below. The ΔCO3= at the carbonate compensation depth (CCD) in the tropics appears to be 10–20 μmol kg−1 ΔCO3= more undersaturated than in high latitudes, but this is smaller than the ∼40 μmol kg−1 shift required by the model. In addition, the general resemblance of the glacial lysocline to the present day requires that the proposed shift in ΔCO3= at the CCD be globally uniform rather than locally variable, as climate forcing would probably generate. I conclude that the rain ratio model would probably require some globally uniform perturbation during glacial time, such as a change in ocean Si content, if it is to explain the entire pCO2 decrease observed in the glacial atmosphere. Finally, I grid the sedimentary data to estimate that the inventory CaCO3 which is available to neutralize fossil fuel CO2 is approximately 1600 Gt carbon, a quantity which may be exceeded by fossil fuel release in the next several centuries.
Myoelectric activity imaging and decoding with multichannel surface EMG for enhanced everyday life applicability

Surface electromyography (sEMG) allows to evaluate neurophysiological aspects of movements. The traditional muscle-specific sEMG approach requires considerable expertise to correctly position bipolar derivations over each muscle of interest. This reduces the availability of myoelectric imaging tools for non-professional users in everyday life conditions. High-density EMG (HDsEMG) consists of recording the sEMG via a dense array of electrodes that restricts the imaging surface to a narrow area, thus limiting usability. Here we demonstrate the usability and advantages of a medium-density sEMG (MDsEMG). We recorded the muscle activity of a subject performing repeated arm flexion and extension using both muscle-specific sEMG (4 derivations over the biceps and triceps) and MDsEMG (28 monopolar derivations, positioned around the arm circumference). Grand-average dynamic-time-warped amplitudes showed similar activation patterns for both modalities. However, MDsEMG allowed to extract maps reflecting the spatial activation of muscles at different movement phases (minimum and maximum acceleration). MDsEMG also proved superior in decoding the elbow angle and allowed to map the regions of maximum significance. MDsEMG is a viable alternative to muscle-specific and HD sEMG. It does not require expertise in electrode positioning and is able to cover large surfaces. It thus can pave the way to easier myoelectric imaging in everyday life and more effective rehabilitation treatments.
A space‐time stochastic model of rainfall for satellite remote‐sensing studies

A model of the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall is described that produces random spatial rainfall patterns with these characteristics: (1) The model is defined on a grid with each grid point representing the average rain rate over the surrounding grid box. (2) Rain occurs at any one grid point, on average, a specified percentage of the time and has a lognormal probability distribution. (3) Spatial correlation of the rainfall can be arbitrarily prescribed. (4) Time stepping is carried out so that large-scale features persist longer than small-scale features. Rain is generated in the model from the portion of a correlated Gaussian random field that exceeds a threshold. The portion of the field above the threshold is rescaled to have a lognormal probability distribution. Sample output of the model designed to mimic radar observations of rainfall during the Global Atmospheric Research Program Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE), is shown. The model is intended for use in evaluating sampling strategies for satellite remote-sensing of rainfall and for development of algorithms for converting radiant intensity received by an instrument from its field of view into rainfall amount.
Reduced na € ıve CD8 + T-cell priming efﬁcacy in elderly adults

unfractioned peripheral blood mononuclear cells to examine CD8 + T-cell priming efﬁcacy in human volunteers. Using this approach, we report that old individuals consistently mount quantitatively and qualitatively impaired de novo CD8 + T-cell responses speciﬁc for a model antigen. Reduced CD8 + T-cell priming capacity in vitro was further associated with poor primary immune responsiveness in vivo . This immune deﬁcit likely arises as a consequence of intrinsic cellular defects and a reduction in the size of the na € ıve CD8 + T-cell pool. Collectively, these ﬁndings provide new insights into the cellular immune insufﬁciencies that accompany human aging.
Network MIMO with Interference Cancellation for Cloud-Cooperated Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, we propose a new multiple access scheme based on Network MIMO technique in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The slotted ALOHA type protocol with successive interference cancellation (SIC) is the promising scheme to meet the requirements of the IoT society which will come within the decades. One of the most effective methods is the one with using the capture effect. However, there used to be the typical sensor node (SN) arrangements which do not make the packets with sufficient power unbalance at the fusion center (FC). Even in the model applies SIC taking advantage of the capture effect, temporal diversity and spatial diversity, those arrangements may still happen. The proposed method allows fusion centers to decode those packets by exploiting the signal separation method of network MIMO system. The results of the computer simulation show that the proposed method can increase the number of SNs which can send the data without degrading the quality of service.
Sales-Dominance Relations And Disclosure Of Product Information

In a framework allowing for both vertical and horizontal product diﬀerentiation, the seller persuades the consumer of unknown taste by sending veriﬁable product information. The standard unraveling argument does not extend well under horizontal diﬀerentiation mainly because it is indeﬁnite how to rank seller types. By deﬁning price-dependent sales-dominance relations over seller types, we provide a generalized unraveling argument that can be applied no matter how products are diﬀerentiated. We show that if a sales-dominant seller type exists at a price over some seller types, an outcome at which all and only these seller types pool at this price doss not emerge regardless of the prior. We argue that sales-dominance relation is complete at every price if and only if full disclosure is the unique outcome regardless of the prior. We ﬁnd the condition under which a worst-case type is well-deﬁned regardless of the prior for every observable deviation of the seller. Finally, we explore product information the consumer could receive when sales-dominance relations are incomplete.
Unravelling the Spatio-Temporal Neurodynamics of Rhythm Encoding-reproduction Networks by a Novel fMRI Autoencoder

Visualization of how the external stimuli are processed dynamically in the brain would help understanding the neural mechanisms of functional segregation and integration. The present study proposed a novel temporal autoencoder to estimate the neurodynamics of functional networks involved in rhythm encoding and reproduction. A fully-connected two-layer autoencoder was proposed to estimate the temporal dynamics in functional magnetic resonance image recordings. By minimizing the reconstruction error between the predicted next time sample and the corresponding ground truth next time sample, the system was trained to extract spatial patterns of functional network dynamics without any supervision effort. The results showed that the proposed model was able to extract the spatial patterns of task-related functional dynamics as well as the interactions between them. Our findings suggest that artificial neural networks would provide a useful tool to resolve temporal dynamics of neural processing in the human brain.
Integrated shared earth model 3D pore-pressure prediction and uncertainty analysis

Quantitative subsurface prediction and uncertainty analysis are critical success factors in all phases of exploration, development, and production projects, including regional evaluation, leasing, prospect maturation and drilling, appraisal and development planning, system selection, and reservoir management. Today, the E&P industry is moving into more frontier oil and gas provinces, such as deepwater and very deep plays, where well costs are very high. Consequently, the regional and in-field well densities are generally very low compared with historical exploration and development. Such sparseness of well control poses a challenge for quantitative subsurface analysis because it is difficult to establish spatial correlations of rock and reservoir properties with confidence, when the distances between wells are too large to assume geostatistical stationarity of earth model parameters.
Soil Drainage Class Influences on Soil Carbon in a New England Forested Watershed

Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 77:307–317 doi:10.2136/sssaj2012.0129 Received 20 Apr. 2012 *Corresponding author (jayer11@vt.edu). © Soil Science Society of America, 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Soil Drainage Class Influences on Soil Carbon in a New England Forested Watershed Forest, Range, & Wildland Soils
Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Sensor Data Management for Vehicles

Sensing the surroundings and processing the sensed data in a timely manner are critical as part of the perception process of autonomous vehicles that are getting closer to reality. This paper addresses the issues of managing the data streams generated from a variety of sensors embedded in a vehicle. To do so, we first adopt the real-time database structure that provides the clear programming abstraction over time-varying heterogeneous sensor data, and then exploit deep reinforcement learning (DRL) that can deal with highly dynamic data updates with underlying system restrictions such as limited in-vehicle network bandwidth. The experiments demonstrate that our DRL-based approach performs steadily against rapidly changing data and is able to efficiently suppress unnecessary data updates.
Climate change in the Pacific: Tuvalu case-study

The Tuvalu Group is made of nine small low-lying coral atoll and reef islands, located in the South Pacific, about 1,100 km north of Fiji. With a total area of 26km 2 , it has about 11,000 residents and it is the first nation on Earth to see the rising sun every single day. The people of Tuvalu are mostly of Polynesian origin, their culture and physical type being quite homogeneous. During the month of February 2010, the Portuguese Tropical Research Institute conducted a scientific mission to the atoll of Funafuti, so as to develop an ethno-geographic study. The main objective of the project was to evaluate the Pacific people’s awareness to climate change. Results have shown that about two thirds of the remote islanders do not fear the rising sea levels and trust that Divine Providence will bet on their survival. The small population of fishermen and breadfruit, taro, pulaka and coconut subsistence farmers lack economies of scale because of their remoteness yet persevere with a tranquil, slow-paced existence in a vulnerable and isolated environment where they lack resources for adequate development.
Measurements of production cross sections of polarized same-sign W boson pairs in association with two jets in proton-proton collisions at √ s = 13 TeV

The ﬁrst measurements of production cross sections of polarized same-sign W ± W ± boson pairs in proton-proton collisions are reported. The measurements are based on a data sample collected with the CMS detector at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb − 1 . Events are selected by requiring exactly two same-sign leptons, electrons or muons, moderate missing transverse momentum, and two jets with a large rapidity separation and a large dijet mass to enhance the contribution of same-sign W ± W ± scattering events. An observed (expected) 95% conﬁdence level upper limit of 1.17 (0.88) fb is set on the production cross section for longitudinally polarized same-sign W ± W ± boson pairs. The electroweak production of same-sign W ± W ± boson pairs with at least one of the W bosons longitudinally polarized is measured with an observed (expected) signiﬁcance of 2.3 (3.1) standard deviations.
Ablative subduction: A two‐sided alternative to the conventional subduction model

Subduction is conventionally modelled as a convergence and overlapping of two semirigid plates; such a convergence is one-sided, in that one lithospheric plate descends while the other remains on the surface. We suggest an alternative model, one based on the dynamics of fluids. In this model, the viscous lower lithosphere flows downward, and the brittle upper lithosphere deforms in passive response. This process is potentially double-sided, for we find that even a buoyant plate can be dragged downward by a dense, descending neighbor. Thus an apparent overriding plate may be worn away by a process of viscous ablation, with the rate of ablation a function of plate buoyancy. We call this process “ablative subduction”. Ablative subduction allows us to simply interpret observations concerning slab profiles, interplate seismicity, back arc tectonics, and complex processes such as double subduction and subduction polarity reversal. In performing experiments modelling the evolution of simple, fluid “slabs”, we find that slab profile is strongly influenced by ablation in the overriding plate. When ablation is weak, as when a buoyant continent borders the trench, deformable slabs adopt shallow, Andean-style profiles. These profiles develop over time from an initially steep shape. More vigorous ablation rates, as might occur in an ocean-ocean convergence, yield steeper, Marianas-style profiles. Thus differences between Marianas-style and Andean-style slabs may result from differences in ablation rate and subduction duration. The occurrence of ablation might not be easily detected at depth, because material from subducting and ablating plates adhere closely as a single slab. These slabs show downdip deformations that are consistent with seismic focal mechanisms. Plate deformations associated with ablative subduction are also consistent with observed patterns of seismicity. In particular, the relative aseismicity of Marianas-style plate boundaries is consistent with the ablative model; we may thus explain how plates can converge aseismically, without requiring that these plates be decoupled. Ablation should be weakest in Andean-style subduction, although pulses of rapid ablation might lead to episodes of crustal shortening; in oceanic regions, the manifestation of ablation may depend upon tectonic regime. In an extensional area like the Marianas, ablation may be temporally self-limiting, and ablative cycles may explain conflicting observations of tectonic erosion and accretion. In a compressional regime, vigorous ablation might lead to observations of double subduction and subduction reversal. In each case, the behavior of the lower lithosphere is relatively simple; what varies is the rate of ablation and the response of the upper lithosphere.
Pyk2 suppresses contextual fear memory 1 in a kinase-independent manner 2

17 Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychological illness characterized by 18 recalling a feeling of distress when re-experiencing the original trauma-related 19 cues. This associative fear response plays an important role in some psychiatric 20 disorders and elucidation of the underlying mechanisms is of great importance. 21 Here, we constructed Pyk2 null mice and found that these mutant mice showed 22 enhancement in contextual-fear memory, but no changes in auditory-cued and 23 spatial-referenced learning and memory. Moreover, using kinase mutant mice, we 24 observed that Pyk2 suppressed contextual fear memory in a kinase-independent 25 pathway. Using high-throughput RNA sequencing, we found that immediate early 26 genes (IEGs), such as Npas4 , c Fos , Zif268/Egr1 , Arc , and Nr4a1 , were enhanced 27 in Pyk2 null mice. We further demonstrated that Pyk2 disruption affected pyramidal 28 neuronal complexity and spine dynamics. Thus, we demonstrated that Pyk2 is a 29 novel fear memory suppressor molecule and Pyk2 null mice provides a model for 30 understanding fear-related disorders.
Pressure gradient force, atmospheric circulation and climate in western Europe (1899–2002)

One mission of synoptic climatology is to quantify the link between atmospheric circulation and surface environment. The pressure gradient force (PGF) is used as a multiple index to summarize the monthly atmospheric circulation for a site in western Europe (5°E and 50°N). The study of the temporal evolution of the PGF components (direction, magnitude, X and Y components) was carried out for the period 1899–2002. The results reflect the variability in atmospheric circulation and reveal some trends. The magnitude of the PGF is particularly affected by several successive periods where the strength of the atmospheric flow was lower (negative trend) or higher (positive trend) than normal. During the last decades of the twentieth century the atmospheric flow appears stronger than before (positive trend), except in summer. As the direction of the PGF can be related to the trajectory of the flow via the Buys–Ballot law, its anomalies are directly related to anomalies in the advection of air masses. No definite trend can be detected for this variable. However, it seems that the northerly flow becomes rare in winter. The relevance of the PGF is also examined with regard to the evolution of monthly temperatures and precipitations via some series of multiple regressions. The best results are obtained for the precipitations, with an explained variance lying between 47 and 73% (respectively in May and February). For temperatures, the explained variance oscillates between 34 and 73% (in September and January). The fact that the meridional and zonal components of the PGF, and the absolute pressure at the site are explicitly taken into account, ensures a good quantification of the atmospheric circulation ‘anomalies’, that are largely responsible for the annual, seasonal or monthly singularities of temperature and precipitation over western Europe. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Potential anomalies on a sphere: Applications to the thickness of the lunar crust

A new technique for calculating potential anomalies on a sphere due to finite amplitude relief has been developed. We show that by raising the topography to the nth power and expanding this field into spherical harmonics, potential anomalies due to topography on spherical density interfaces can be computed to arbitrary precision. Using a filter for downward continuing the Bouguer anomaly, we have computed a variety of crustal thickness maps for the Moon, assuming both a homogeneous as well as a dual-layered crust. The crustal thickness maps for the homogeneous model give plausible results, but this model is not consistent with the seismic data, petrologic evidence, and geoid to topography ratios, all of which suggest some form of crustal stratification. Several dual-layered models were investigated, and it was found that only models with both upper and lower crustal thickness variations could satisfy the gravity and topography data. These models predict that the entire upper crust has been excavated beneath the major nearside multiring basins. Additionally, significant amounts of lower crustal material was excavated from these basins, especially beneath Crisium. This model also predicts that mantle material should not have been excavated during the South-Pole Aitken basin forming event, and that lower crustal material should be exposed at the surface in this basin.