Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global baby-friendly hospital initiative monitoring data: update and discussion.

BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO)/UNICEF Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) was developed to support the implementation of the Ten Steps for Successful Breastfeeding. The purpose of this study is to assess trends in the numbers facilities ever-designated "baby-friendly," to consider uptake of the new WHO/UNICEF BFHI materials, and to consider implications for future breastfeeding support. MATERIALS AND METHODS The national contacts from the 2006-2007 UNICEF BFHI update were recontacted, as were WHO and UNICEF officers worldwide, to ascertain the number of hospitals ever-designated "baby-friendly," presence of a government breastfeeding oversight committee, use of the new BFHI materials and, if yes, use of the new maternity or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) materials. RESULTS Seventy countries reporting in 2010-2011 and the updates from an additional 61 reporting in 2006-2007 (n=131, or 66% of the 198 countries) confirm that there are at least 21,328 ever-designated facilities. This is 27.5% of maternities worldwide: 8.5% of those in industrialized countries and 31% in less developed settings. In 2010, government committees were reported by 18 countries, and 34 reported using the new BFHI materials: 14 reported using the maternity care and 11 reported using the HIV materials. CONCLUSIONS Rates of increase in the number of ever-certified "baby-friendly" hospitals vary by region and show some chronological correlation with trends in breastfeeding rates. Although it is not possible to attribute this increase to the BFHI alone, there is ongoing interest in Ten Steps implementation and in BFHI. The continued growth may reflect the dedication of ministries of health and national BFHI groups, as well as increasing recognition that the Ten Steps are effective quality improvement practices that increase breastfeeding and synergize with community interventions and other program efforts. With renewed interest in maternal/neonatal health, revitalization of support for Ten Steps and their effective institutionalization in maternity practices should be considered. Future updates are planned to assess ongoing progress and impact, and ongoing updates from national committees are welcome.
Geometric computation and the art of sampling (tutorial)

In computer graphics, in numerical integration, and in many other applications, one needs uniformly distributed point sets to approximate continuous distributions. Random sets are not bad but there are better ways, at least if the dimension is not too large. For derandomizing algorithms in computational geometry efficiently, pseudo-random samples with suitable approximation properties have to be computed fast. For geometric range searching, uniformly distributed point sets are needed as a bad example in lower bound proofs. All of these topics have a common underlying theme: geometric discrepancy. Geometric discrepancy theory studies the question “How uniformly can an n-point set be distributed in a given region of space? ”. I plan to discuss some of the classical mathematical results and techniques, more recent combinatorial connections of geometric discrepancy, and relations to various subfields of computer science, such as indicated by the examples above. Most of the material is covered by an excellent book by Chazelle just finished [4] and/or by a book of mine, soon to appear in Springer-Verlag [6]. A nice survey of discrepancy theory is Beck and S ́ os [3]. A few other books discussing discrepancy from various points of view are Beck and Chen [2], Drmota and Tichy [5], Niederreiter [7], and also Spencer [9], Alon and Spencer [1], and Pach and Agarwal [8] have chapters on this subject.
Defining statistical sensitivity for timing optimization of logic circuits with large-scale process and environmental variations

The large-scale process and environmental variations for today's nanoscale ICs are requiring statistical approaches for timing analysis and optimization. Significant research has been recently focused on developing new statistical timing analysis algorithms, but often without consideration for how one should interpret the statistical timing results for optimization. In this paper (Li et al., 2005) we demonstrate why the traditional concepts of slack and critical path become ineffective under large-scale variations, and we propose a novel sensitivity-based metric to assess the "criticality" of each path and/or arc in the statistical timing graph. We define the statistical sensitivities for both paths and arcs, and theoretically prove that our path sensitivity is equivalent to the probability that a path is critical, and our arc sensitivity is equivalent to the probability that an arc sits on the critical path. An efficient algorithm with incremental analysis capability is described for fast sensitivity computation that has a linear runtime complexity in circuit size. The efficacy of the proposed sensitivity analysis is demonstrated on both standard benchmark circuits and large industry examples.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA REAKSI FRUSTRASI DENGAN PERILAKU AGRESIF REMAJA SMP N 2 KALASAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara reaksi frustrasi dengan perilaku agresif remaja SMP N 2 Kalasan. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian korelasional. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan skala reaksi frustrasi dan skala perilaku agresif. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu proportional purposive random sampling. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis statistik dan uji hipotesis menggunakan uji korelasi Product Moment yang sebelumnya diawali dengan uji asumsi: uji normalitas Kolmogrov-Smirnov (masing-masing variabel memiliki Sig. 0,126 dan 0,342 > 0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat reaksi frustrasi dalam kategori sangat tinggi dengan persentase 41%, dan tingkat perilaku agresif dalam kategori sangat tinggi dengan persentase 69%. Berdasarkan hasil uji korelasi antara reaksi frustrasi dengan perilaku agresif diperoleh nilai rhitung sebesar 0,678. Berdasarkan hasil uji korelasi antara reaksi frustrasi dengan perilaku agresif diperoleh nilai rhitung sebesar 0,637. Nilai rtabel pada taraf signifikan 1% untuk N 72 adalah 0,312 sehingga rhitung (0,678) > rtabel (0,312). Artinya ada hubungan positif dan signifikan antara reaksi frustrasi dengan perilaku agresif. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi reaksi frustrasi maka semakin tinggi perilaku agresif remaja di SMP N 2 Kalasan, sebelumnya semakin rendah. kata kunci : reaksi frustrasi, perilaku agresif
The Lys313 residue of the human Rad51 protein negatively regulates the strand‐exchange activity

The Rad51 protein, which catalyzes homologous‐pairing and strand‐exchange reactions, is an essential enzyme for homologous recombinational repair (HRR) and meiotic homologous recombination in eukaryotes. In humans, the conventional Rad51 (HsRad51) protein has a Lys residue at position 313; however, the HsRad51‐Q313 protein, in which the Lys313 residue is replaced by Gln, was reported as an isoform, probably corresponding to a polymorphic variant. In this study, we purified the HsRad51‐K313 and HsRad51‐Q313 isoforms and analyzed their biochemical activities in vitro. Compared to the conventional HsRad51‐K313 protein, the HsRad51‐Q313 protein exhibited significantly enhanced strand‐exchange activity under conditions with Ca2+, although the difference was not observed without Ca2+. A double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) unwinding assay revealed that the HsRad51‐Q313 protein clearly showed enhanced DNA unwinding activity, probably due to its enhanced filament‐formation ability. Mutational analyses of the HsRad51‐Lys313 residue revealed that positively charged residues (Lys and Arg), but not negatively charged, polar and hydrophobic residues (Glu, Gln and Met, respectively), at position 313 reduced the strand‐exchange and DNA unwinding abilities of the HsRad51 protein. These results suggest that the electrostatic environment around position 313 is important for the regulation of the HsRad51 recombinase activity.
Ophiostoma ips from Pinewood Nematode Vector, Japanese Pine Sawyer Beetle (Monochamus alternatus), in Korea

Abstract Japanese pine sawyer beetle (Monochamus alternatus) is an economically important pest in coniferous trees. Ophiostoma ips was isolated from the beetle and identified based on analysis of morphological properties and the β-tubulin gene sequence. The fungus easily produced perithecia with a long neck on malt extract agar and its ascospores were rectangular shaped. This is first report of Ophiostoma species associated with the pinewood nematode vector beetle in Korea.
Online Learning to Rank for Content-Based Image Retrieval

A major challenge in Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) is to bridge the semantic gap between low-level image contents and high-level semantic concepts. Although researchers have investigated a variety of retrieval techniques using different types of features and distance functions, no single best retrieval solution can fully tackle this challenge. In a real-world CBIR task, it is often highly desired to combine multiple types of different feature representations and diverse distance measures in order to close the semantic gap. In this paper, we investigate a new framework of learning to rank for CBIR, which aims to seek the optimal combination of different retrieval schemes by learning from large-scale training data in CBIR. We first formulate the problem formally as a learning to rank task, which can be solved in general by applying the existing batch learning to rank algorithms from text information retrieval (IR). To further address the scalability towards large-scale online CBIR applications, we present a family of online learning to rank algorithms, which are significantly more efficient and scalable than classical batch algorithms for large-scale online CBIR. Finally, we conduct an extensive set of experiments, in which encouraging results show that our technique is effective, scalable and promising for large-scale CBIR.
Nucleotide sequences of four variants of the K88 gene of porcine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

The nucleotide sequences of four variants of the Escherichia coli K88 antigen gene, K88ab1, K88ab2, K88ac, and K88ad, have been determined. The K88ab2 and K88ac sequences have not been reported previously. The K88ab1 sequence is very similar to that determined by other workers, but the K88ad sequence differs considerably from that described in a previous report. Comparison of the amino acid sequences inferred from the gene sequences revealed certain clusters of amino acid substitutions which have been correlated with areas of potential antigenicity in the mature proteins.
Fiber In-Line Fabry-Perot Interferometer With Offset Splicing for Strain Measurement With Enhanced Sensitivity

We demonstrate a Fabry–Perot interferometer with inner air-cavity for ultrasensitive strain measurement. The device is fabricated by fusion splicing of two sections of etched multimode fiber with offset. By selecting the appropriate value of the offset, the strain sensitivity can be greatly increased. In the case of introducing two-dimensional offset, the strain sensitivity can be increased by more than 4.5 pm/μϵ when compared with that without offset. The device is simple in fabrication, robust in structure, economic in cost, and convenient in operation, and has high potential in many strain sensing applications.
See Spot Run: Using Spot Instances for MapReduce Workflows

MapReduce is a scalable and fault tolerant framework, patented by Google, for computing embarrassingly parallel reductions. Hadoop is an open-source implementation of Google MapReduce that is made available as a web service to cloud users by the AmazonWeb Services (AWS) cloud computing infrastructure. Amazon Spot Instances (SIs) provide an inexpensive yet transient and market-based option to purchasing virtualized instances for execution in AWS. As opposed to manually controlling when an instance is terminated, SI termination can also occur automatically as a function of the market price and maximum user bid price. We find that we can significantly improve the runtime of MapReduce jobs in our benchmarks by using SIs as accelerators. However, we also find that SI termination due to budget constraints during the job can have adverse affects on the runtime and may cause the user to overpay for their job. We describe new techniques that help reduce such effects.
The generalized method of equal areas for the design of sum-of-cisoids simulators for mobile Rayleigh fading channels with arbitrary Doppler spectra

We present in this paper a generalized version of the method of equal areas (MEA) that is well suited for the design of sum-of-cisoids (SOC) simulators for narrowband mobile Rayleigh fading channels characterized by any type of Doppler power spectral densities (DPSDs). Unlike the original MEA, the generalized MEA (GMEA) can be applied to the simulation of fading channels with asymmetrical DPSDs. This is an important feature because the simulation of such channels is of great interest for the laboratory analysis of mobile communication systems under non-isotropic scattering conditions. We show that irrespective of the underlying DPSD, the GMEA results in a very good approximation to the autocorrelation function, average Doppler shift, Doppler spread, and envelope distribution of the channel. We compare the performance of the GMEA with that of the Lp-norm method (LPNM), which is the method that has been most widely used for designing SOC simulators for fading channels with arbitrary DPSDs. The obtained results demonstrate that the performance of the GMEA measures up to that of the LPNM. In addition, the results show that the determination of the model parameters is easier and less time-consuming when applying the GMEA. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CrossWalk: A novel cross-layer random walk data dissemination in wireless sensor networks

This paper introduces CrossWalk, a novel integrated cross-layer medium access control/routing protocol based on a receiver-oriented contention resolution mechanism for data dissemination in wireless sensor networks. Traditional approaches for data dissemination such as flooding or simple random walks suffer respectively from a large message forwarding overhead and an excessively long cover time. In this scope, CrossWalk, based on biased random walks, aims to achieve a convenient cover time at the cost of a reasonable overhead. In particular, we demonstrate by an analytical study that the proposed biasing strategy based on a decreasing truncated geometric distribution over a fixed contention window favors a data packet to progress-in a unicast fashion-towards nodes in less explored vicinity by making them more likely to win the contention for the medium access. We therefore show by extensive simulations that CrossWalk outperforms common random walks in terms of partial coverage and efficient network resources consumption by making less redundant message transmissions.
Reduction in neural-tube defects after folic acid fortification in Canada.

BACKGROUND In 1998, folic acid fortification of a large variety of cereal products became mandatory in Canada, a country where the prevalence of neural-tube defects was historically higher in the eastern provinces than in the western provinces. We assessed changes in the prevalence of neural-tube defects in Canada before and after food fortification with folic acid was implemented. METHODS The study population included live births, stillbirths, and terminations of pregnancies because of fetal anomalies among women residing in seven Canadian provinces from 1993 to 2002. On the basis of published results of testing of red-cell folate levels, the study period was divided into prefortification, partial-fortification, and full-fortification periods. We evaluated the relationship between baseline rates of neural-tube defects in each province and the magnitude of the decrease after fortification was implemented. RESULTS A total of 2446 subjects with neural-tube defects were recorded among 1.9 million births. The prevalence of neural-tube defects decreased from 1.58 per 1000 births before fortification to 0.86 per 1000 births during the full-fortification period, a 46% reduction (95% confidence interval, 40 to 51). The magnitude of the decrease was proportional to the prefortification baseline rate in each province, and geographical differences almost disappeared after fortification began. The observed reduction in rate was greater for spina bifida (a decrease of 53%) than for anencephaly and encephalocele (decreases of 38% and 31%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Food fortification with folic acid was associated with a significant reduction in the rate of neural-tube defects in Canada. The decrease was greatest in areas in which the baseline rate was high.
iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Tear Fluid in a Rat Penetrating Keratoplasty Model With Acute Corneal Allograft Rejection.

PURPOSE This study aimed to develop a greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying acute corneal allograft rejection by identifying differentially expressed tear proteins at defined stages and discovering potentially important proteins involved in the process. METHODS The isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (2DLC-MS/MS) technique was used to identify tear proteins showing significant alterations in a rat penetrating keratoplasty model at different time points. Bioinformatics technology was applied to analyze the significant proteins, and a potential protein was verified by Western blotting. RESULTS A total of 269 proteins were quantified, and 118 proteins were considered to be significantly altered by at least 2.0- or 0.5-fold. For gene ontology annotations, the top enrichments were neurological disease, free radical scavenging, cell death and survival, and cell movement. For pathway analyses, the top enrichments were LXR/RXR activation, acute phase response signaling, clathrin-mediated endocytosis signaling, and coagulation system. Coronin-1A was verified as a potential protein involved in the early stage of acute corneal allograft rejection. CONCLUSIONS This study first demonstrates that tear proteomics is a powerful tool for better understanding of the mechanisms underlying acute corneal rejection, and that coronin-1A in tears might be closely related to allograft rejection.
Fine tuning the immune response through B7‐H3 and B7‐H4

Summary: B7‐H3 and B7‐H4 belong to a new class of immune regulatory molecules, which primarily execute their functions in peripheral tissues to fine tune immune responses in target organs. In normal circumstances, while the mRNA for both molecules is broadly distributed, tight control at the post‐transcriptional level is imposed. Under a pathogenic environment, such as inflammation and cancer, the control is often aberrant. Upon engaging their receptors, these molecules regulate the immune response in positive or negative ways depending on the expression and type of cells bearing the receptors. Thus, manipulation of the expression of these molecules and/or their receptors may represent a realistic opportunity to fine tune immune responses and to design new immunotherapeutic approaches.
Analysis of embedded video coder systems: a system-level approach

Because of the increasing complexity of embedded systems, the related design process is becoming more and more complex and time-consuming. In this setting, the employment of standard tools and methodologies could significantly support designers in reducing time to market as well. In this paper we present our experience in the design space exploration for devices based on H.264 video coders. Despite of the inevitable inaccuracies due to the adoption of a system-level approach, the overall methodology has shown to be suitable to properly point out the most convenient architectural solutions by means of fast, high level simulation.
Bringing Out the Best in Teachers: What Effective Principals Do

Foreword to the First Edition by Arthur Blumberg Foreword to the Second Edition by Roland S. Barth Foreword to the Third Edition by Jackie Daniilides Preface to the Third Edition Acknowledgments About the Authors 1. Principals and Their Effectiveness 2. The Power of Praise 3. Influencing by Expecting 4. Influencing by Involving 5. Granting Professional Autonomy 6. Leading by Standing Behind 7. Gentle Nudges: Suggesting Versus Directing 8. Positive Use of Formal Authority 9. Mirrors to the Possible 10. Conclusions, Caveats, and Challenges Resource A: Research Methods and Procedures References Index
How Special is the Special Relationship? Using the Impact of Us R&D Spillovers on UK Firms as a Test of Technology Sourcing

How much does US-based R&D benefit other countries and through whatmechanisms? We test the "technology sourcing" hypothesis that foreign researchlabs located on US soil tap into US R&D spillovers and improvehome country productivity. Using panels of UK and US firms matched topatent data we show that UK firms who had established a high proportionof US-based inventors by 1990 benefited disproportionately from the growthof the US R&D stock over the next 10 years. We estimate that UK firms? Total Factor Productivity would have been at least 5% lower in 2000 (about$14bn) in the absence of the US R&D growth in the 1990s. We also findthat technology sourcing is more important for countries and industries whohave "most to learn". Within the UK, the benefits of technology sourcingwere larger in industries whose TFP gap with the US was greater. Betweencountries, the growth of the UK R&D stock did not appear to have a majorbenefit for US firms who located R&D labs in the UK. The "specialrelationship" between the UK and the US appears distinctly asymmetric.
A short proof that phylogenetic tree reconstruction by maximum likelihood is hard

Maximum likelihood is one of the most widely used techniques to infer evolutionary histories. Although it is thought to be intractable, a proof of its hardness has been lacking. Here, we give a short proof that computing the maximum likelihood tree is NP-hard by exploiting a connection between likelihood and parsimony observed by Tuffley and Steel
Self-Tuning Transactional Data Grids: The Cloud-TM Approach

In this paper we focus on the problem of self-tuning distributed transactional cloud data stores by presenting an overview of the autonomic mechanisms integrated in the Cloud-TM platform, a transactional cloud data store developed in the context of a recent European project. Cloud-TM takes a holistic approach to self-tuning and elastic scaling, treating them as strongly intertwined problems with the ultimate goals of i) achieving optimal efficiency at any scale of the platform, and ii) minimizing resource consumption in presence of varying workloads. From a methodological perspective, this is achieved by relying on the innovative idea of exploiting the diversity of different modelling approaches, including analytical models, machine-learning and simulations. By employing these modelling techniques in synergy, the Cloud-TM platform can dynamically optimize the underlying distributed data store over a number of dimensions, including its scale, the strategy it adopts to distribute and replicate data among the platforms' nodes, as well as its replication protocol.