Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unicellular and multicellular developmental variations in algal zygotes produce sporophytes

The emergence of sporophytes, that is, diploid multicellular bodies in plants, facilitated plant diversification and the evolution of complexity. Although sporophytes may have evolved in an ancestral alga exhibiting a haplontic life cycle with a unicellular diploid and multicellular haploid (gametophyte) phase, the mechanism by which this novelty originated remains largely unknown. Ulotrichalean marine green algae (Ulvophyceae) are one of the few extant groups with haplontic-like life cycles. In this study, we show that zygotes of the ulotrichalean alga Monostroma angicava, which usually develop into unicellular cysts, exhibit a developmental variation producing multicellular reproductive sporophytes. Multicellular development likely occurred stochastically in individual zygotes, but its ratio responded plastically to growth conditions. Sporophytes showed identical morphological development to gametophytes, which should reflect the expression of the same genetic programme directing multicellular development. Considering that sporophytes were evolutionarily derived in Ulotrichales, this implies that sporophytes emerged by co-opting the gametophyte developmental programme to the diploid phase. This study suggests a possible mechanism of sporophyte formation in haplontic life cycles, contributing to the understanding of the evolutionary transition from unicellular to multicellular diploid body plans in green plants.
Synthesis of block copolymer with cis-1,4-polybutadiene and isotactic-rich polystyrene using α-diimine nickel catalysts

A series of styrene-butadiene di-block copolymers with high cis-1,4 unit content (greater than 92%) polybutadiene (PB) and isotactic-rich polystyrene (PS) (mmmm > 65%) was synthesized using α-diimine nickel catalysts (Ni-diimine). Four different Ni-diimine catalysts were synthesized via a complexing reaction between nickel (II) naphthenate and laboratory-made α-diimine ligands L1, L2, L3 and L4, which have different steric volume structures. The results indicate that the Ni-diimine catalyst prepared using the L4 ligand with a higher steric volume can effectively initiate the block polymerization of butadiene and styrene, and the resulting polymer has distinguished cis-1,4 structure unit PB and high isotactic-selective PS block. Differential scanning calorimetry and electrochemical performance tests show that these block copolymers with cis-1,4-regulated and isotactic-selective polymerization have advantages in terms of high-temperature and low-temperature resistance as well as corrosion resistance. Therefore, these copolymers are expected to be widely used in some harsh industrial environments.
A comparative approach for characterizing the relationship among morphology, range-of-motion and locomotor behaviour in the primate shoulder

Shoulder shape directly impacts forelimb function by contributing to glenohumeral (GH) range-of-motion (ROM). However, identifying traits that contribute most to ROM and visualizing how they do so remains challenging, ultimately limiting our ability to reconstruct function and behaviour in fossil species. To address these limitations, we developed an in silico proximity-driven model to simulate and visualize three-dimensional (3D) GH rotations in living primate species with diverse locomotor profiles, identify those shapes that are most predictive of ROM using geometric morphometrics, and apply subsequent insights to interpret function and behaviour in the fossil hominin Australopithecus sediba. We found that ROM metrics that incorporated 3D rotations best discriminated locomotor groups, and the magnitude of ROM (mobility) was decoupled from the anatomical location of ROM (e.g. high abduction versus low abduction). Morphological traits that enhanced mobility were decoupled from those that enabled overhead positions, and all non-human apes possessed the latter but not necessarily the former. Model simulation in A. sediba predicted high mobility and a ROM centred at lower abduction levels than in living apes but higher than in modern humans. Together these results identify novel form-to-function relationships in the shoulder and enhance visualization tools to reconstruct past function and behaviour.
Economic inequality increases the number of hours worked and decreases work–life balance perceptions: longitudinal and experimental evidence

International institutions' attention to work–life balance (WLB) demonstrates the global breadth of this issue. Yet the scientific community has thus far paid little attention to its structural underpinnings and to the interplay between these macro-level underpinnings and individual psychological factors. We examine the contextual role of economic inequality at the national level as a significant factor influencing working time and WLB perceptions using multiple empirical strategies. In the first set of studies (1a and 1b), we compared countries with different levels of inequality (Study 1a with 37 countries, Study 1b with longitudinal data from 34 countries, N = 254) and found increased working time and reduced WLB in highly unequal countries. In a pilot study (N = 81) and in the pre-registered Studies 2 (N = 338) and 3 (N = 499) we corroborated this evidence with an experimentally induced inequality perception, reporting an indirect effect of inequality on WLB (Studies 2 and 3) and working time (Study 3) through status anxiety and competitiveness. In Study 2, we manipulated socio-economic class in addition to economic inequality, showing that the detrimental effect of inequality on WLB is especially marked for participants assigned to a low-class condition. This research contributes to an integrated understanding of the impact of economic inequality and socio-economic class in shaping WLB and provides useful insights for organizations to develop context-specific policies to improve employees’ WLB that take both individual and structural factors into account.
Optimal timing of simethicone administration prior to upper endoscopy: A multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background and study aims Simethicone is useful as premedication for upper endoscopy because of its antifoaming effects. We aimed to evaluate the effect of timing of simethicone administration on mucosal visibility. Patients and methods In this multicenter, randomized, endoscopist-blinded study, patients scheduled for upper endoscopy were randomized to receive 40 mg simethicone at the following time points prior to the procedure: 20 to 30 minutes (early group), 0 to 10 minutes (late group) or 20 mg simethicone at both time points (split-dose group). Images were taken from nine predefined locations in the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum before endoscopic flushing. Each image was scored on mucosal visibility by three independent endoscopists on a 4-point scale (lower scores indicating better visibility), with adequate mucosal visibility defined as a score ≤ 2. Primary outcome was the percentage of patients with adequate total mucosal visibility (TMV), reached if all median subscores for each location were ≤ 2. Results A total of 386 patients were included (early group: 132; late group: 128; split-dose group: 126). Percentages of adequate TMV were 55%, 42%, and 61% in the early, late, and split-dose group, respectively ( P < 0.01). Adequate TMV was significantly higher in the split-dose group compared to the late group ( P < 0.01), but not compared to the early group ( P = 0.29). Differences between groups were largest in the stomach, where percentages of adequate mucosal visibility were higher in the early (68% vs 53%, P = 0.03) and split-dose group (69% vs 53%, P = 0.02) compared to the late group. Conclusions Mucosal visibility can be optimized with early simethicone administration, either as a single administration or in a split-dose regimen.
Allogenic Acellular Dermal Matrix and Xenogeneic Dermal Matrix as Connective Tissue Graft Substitutes for Long-Term Stability Gingival Recession Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Connective tissue graft (CTG) serves as a gold standard for gingival recession therapy. Yet the availability of CTG is limited, and it increases patient morbidity. Allogenic acellular dermal matrix (AADM) and xenogeneic dermal matrix (XDM) have been proven to be effective substitutes of CTG although the long-term stability is unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the long-term stability outcome of gingival recession therapy using AADM and XDM compared to CTG. This study follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data were extracted independently from several online databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase). Five of 233 publications were included for final qualitative analysis and meta-analysis focusing on the mean difference of clinical parameters such as recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), tissue thickness (TT), keratinized tissue width (KTW), and mean root coverage (MRC). Meta-analyses of RD, RW, CAL, TT, KTW, and MRC display an overall mean of 0.2 mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.45 to –0.05), 0.29 mm (95% CI: –0.65 to 0.08), 0.2 mm (95% CI: –0.69 to 0.29), 0.25 mm (95% CI: –0.53 to 0.03), 0.26 mm (95% CI: –0.5 to 0.02), and 9.19% (95% CI: –13.95 to –4.43]), respectively, favoring the CTG. PD was the only parameter that favored the AADM or XDM with an overall mean of 0.03 mm (95% CI: –0.05 to 0.11). In all, if the long-term stability is the goal, the CTG is considered superior for gingival recession therapy. However, if it is contraindicated, the AADM and XDM might be considered as alternatives.
Difficulties in Pregnancy Adjustment as Predictors of Perinatal Depression: Indirect Effects through the Role of Brooding Rumination and Maternal–Fetal Bonding

Abstract Objective The aim of this research was to study the ways in which problems of adaptation to pregnancy influence the development of symptoms of perinatal depression via the presence of brooding and low maternal-fetal bonding, in addition to other risk factors previously established in the literature. Study Design Representative sample of pregnant women in the third trimester of gestation ( N = 594) completed an online survey that included sociodemographic data and measures of perinatal depression, adjustment to pregnancy, bonding, and brooding. Other risk factors were also assessed as covariates, such as previous history of depression, generalized anxiety, perceived social support, and experience of stressful life events. Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed on the scores obtained by the subjects with the different instruments. A path model was formulated to establish the pathways through which adjustment influences perinatal depression symptomatology. On the one hand, the presence of brooding (worst adjustment to pregnancy → high brooding → perinatal depression symptomatology), and on the other hand, the quality of maternal-fetal bonding (worst adjustment to pregnancy → poor quality fetal-maternal bonding → perinatal depression symptomatology) would act as a mediator. Results The factors proposed by the literature were predictive of perinatal depressive symptomatology and the quality of adjustment to pregnancy. Problems adjusting to changes during pregnancy and experiencing it unsatisfactorily may predict individual differences in perinatal depressive symptoms. Significantly, this relationship was mediated by two key factors, the presence of brooding and low quality of the maternal-fetal bond. Conclusion Our results provide evidence in favor of the existence of multiple paths through which difficulties in adapting to pregnancy can favor the occurrence of higher levels of perinatal depressive symptoms and identify new avenues for developing research in this area and preventive interventions empirically informed.
Feature Based Registration of Brain Mr Image

Medical image processing is a difficult problem. Not only a registration algorithm needs to capture both large and small scale image deformations, it also has to deal with global and local intensity variations. Two main problems occurs during the registration process of non rigid image. First, the correspondence problem occurs between the template and the subject image due to variation in the voxel intensity level. Second, in the presence of bias field the occurrence of interference and noise will make the image sensitive to rotation variation. To avoid these problems and to calculate efficiently a new feature based registration of non rigid brain MR image using Uniform Pattern of Spherical Region Descriptor is proposed in this paper. The proposed method is based on a new image feature called Uniform Pattern of Spherical Region Descriptor. This uses two features namely Uniform pattern of spherical descriptor and Uniform pattern of gradient descriptor to extract geometric features from input images and to identify first order and second order voxel wise anatomical information. The MRF labeling frame work and the α- expansion algorithm are used to maximize the energy function. The defected region in the image is accurately identified by Normalized correlation method. The input image for evaluation is taken from the database Brain web and internet Brain Segmentation Repository respectively. The performance can be evaluated using Back propagation networks.
Multidrug resistance in Haemonchus contortus in sheep - can it be overcome?

Abstract Introduction Gastrointestinal nematodes pose a threat to animal health and affect farmers by negatively impacting farm management. Material and Methods The study was conducted on a sheep farm with suspected reductions in the efficacies of anthelmintics. Efficacy was determined using in vivo faecal egg count reduction, in vitro egg hatch (EHT) and larval development (LDT) tests. In the first phase, 60 sheep were equally split into six groups. Group 1 received the recommended dose of albendazole (ALB), group 2 received the same after fasting for 24 h, group 3 received the dose divided into two halves at 6 h intervals, group 4 received a double dose of ALB, and group 5 received the recommended dose of ivermectin (IVM). Group 6 served as a control. The second phase of the experiment had two groups: one treated with levamisole (LEV) and a control group. Faecal samples were collected from all sheep. Results No reduction of egg output was observed in the groups treated with single, double, or divided doses of ALB, but one of 13.7–16.9% was noted in the fasting group. Efficacy in the IVM group ranged from 31.50 to 39.97%. The mean concentrations sufficient to prevent 50% of the eggs from hatching in the in vitro EHT and the mean concentrations in which the development of larvae to the L3 stage was inhibited by 50% in the LDT exceeded established thresholds for benzimidazoles and IVM. Haemonchus contortus was the only species identified after treatment. The LDT did not indicate the presence of resistance to LEV. All animals treated with LEV were negative for eggs 10 d after treatment. Conclusion Resistance to ALB and IVM in Haemonchus contortus was confirmed. Alternative approaches to improve the efficacies of benzimidazole did not sufficiently increase the efficacy, but LEV was an efficient anthelmintic treatment.
Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on antimicrobial protein stability and the rheological and shelf-life properties of donkey milk

Abstract The effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and heat treatments on antimicrobial protein stability and on the physico-chemical, microbiological, rheological and shelf-life properties of donkey milk were investigated. Although heat treatment at 75°C for 2 min resulted in 1.50 log CFU ml−1 microbial inactivation, losses in activities of lysozyme (58%) and lactoferrin (82%) were observed due to whey protein denaturation. By contrast, HHP application at 400 MPa caused lower enzyme activity losses (22 and 37% respectively) whilst maintaining a significant reduction of microbial load (1.80 log CFU ml−1). Color analyses showed that the lightness values of all samples decreased during storage. Higher flow consistency (viscosity) and lower flow behavior indexes were observed in heat-treated samples compared to untreated and HHP-treated ones, which can be explained by advanced protein denaturation during heat-treatment. The results suggest that HHP is a more suitable process than heat treatment for preservation of donkey milk within the conditions studied.
Research on PM2.5 influencing factors of LSTM based on attention mechanism

Along with the progress of social civilization, human demand for production and life is also increasing. As a factor that affects people’s health all the time, the air environment has caused extensive research by scholars on the prediction of air environment quality. However, due to the different correlations of various factors affecting the prediction, the prediction results are affected. Thus, this study uses statistical methods to analyze the correlation of different factors in the prediction and uses the long-short-term memory network on basis of the attention mechanism to make predictions. Finally, we tested with the air data in Beijing and calculated that the accuracy of the model was 87.7%. The results show that the long-short-term memory network with the attention mechanism can accurately predict PM2.5, helping us to monitor and control air pollution better in cities.
Assessment of Land Cover Change in the North Eastern Nigeria 1986 to 2005

Environmental disturbance such as drought, overgrazing, and increase in population in north eastern Nigeria over the years has led to degradation, shortage of land and water resources and sometimes violent conflict among communities. Land cover change provides a vital means of understanding and managing these problems. Thus this research provided an assessment of how tree, shrub grass, bare ground and urban land cover changed from 1986 to 2005. NigeriaSat-1 and Landsat images were used with data obtained from field survey for the land cover classifications. Change in the land covers were analysed according to persistence, swapping, net loss and gain. Uncertainties were analysed by confusion matrices. The overall accuracies of the classifications used for the analysis are between 60% and 75%. The transition and change accuracies are between 45% and 60%. Approximately 60% of the area of study remained unchanged during the period. Of the remainder, approximately 11% of the area interchanged between shrub grass and bare ground. The most unstable category was shrub grass and was also the source of misclassification. The changes in general concurred with the perception of change in the area and gave some insight on the change that occurred.
12 Preserving paleontological resources using photo- grammetry and geographic information systems

Introduction The American West is a storehouse of fascinating paleontological resources that include the footprints and skeletal remains of dinosaurs. These important scientific and educational resources are often on lands managed by government agencies for the benefit of the nation’s public. Land management agencies are challenged with providing public access to these resources, as well as preserving them for future generations. Conservation includes the scientific identification, documentation, curation, and monitoring of these national treasures. The natural process of weathering, combined with the effects of public visitation—including those of vandalism, unfortunately—can significantly affect a site. Documentation, collection (when appropriate), and retention of data and associated materials in a suitable public repository, where the information can be preserved into perpetuity, are vital. An excellent documentation tool is three-dimensional (3-D) data capture. Photogrammetry, conventional or global positioning systems (GPS) surveying methods, and ground-based laser imaging are techniques that can provide highly accurate 3-D representations of fossil resources. Vertebrate ichnology at the Red Gulch Dinosaur Tracksite The Red Gulch Dinosaur Tracksite (RGDT) is a newly reported (Breithaupt et al. in press) paleontological resource. Located near Shell, Wyoming, the RGDT is a 1,600-sq-m area of land administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in the eastern Bighorn Basin of northern Wyoming. This site is unique in North America and represents a significant paleontological resource that is being developed for the educational benefit of the public. In a cooperative partnership with the BLM, investigators have supported development of the site as a unique tool for public education. To that end, the investigators have assisted in the creation of interpretive displays and Web sites, as well as disseminating accurate information to the media. Over the past three years, dinosaur tracks were located, mapped, measured, described, surveyed, photographed, and compared with other previously studied track assemblages. Analysis of this data is providing unique insights into the community structure and habitat of Middle Jurassic dinosaurs in northern Wyoming. Because of the density of tracks, degree of surface exposure, proximity to the road, and BLM development plans, the primary focus of research at the RGDT was an arroyo (“dry wash”) exposing a limestone unit of the lower Sundance Formation. This unit historically has been defined as open water marine in character (Darton 1899). However, this discovery demonstrates an episode of subaerial exposure during regressive phases of the Sundance Sea. Geologic work in the area has assigned the track-bearing unit to the Middle Jurassic Bathonian-age (165 million years old) Canyon Springs Member of the Sundance Formation (Schmude 2000). Any evidence of dinosaur activity from the Middle Jurassic is significant, as this was a period worldwide which
Research and implementation of title generation for news text

This paper explores the natural language processing technology of news text, especially the algorithm and application of title generation and abstraction. Based on the analysis of the existing principle of automatic title generation and abstraction, the data sets are preprocessed by text cleaning and word quantization according to the objective and accurate features of news text. Then, the Roberta, GPT-2, and T5-pegasus models were evaluated, and the method of model fusion and integration based on the principle of accuracy priority was proposed to improve the accuracy of title generation by 3%. Finally, the news text processing system is constructed based on the optimized model. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has high reliability and robustness. This topic has been applied, and the application shows that the results of the news text processing system are accurate and objective, and have high adaptability.
Mining order-preserving submatrix based on charm for gene expression data

Order-preserving submatrix (OPSM) is an important qualitative biclustering method of gene expression data. OPSM first sorts the expression values of gene and replaces them with corresponding column labels, and then mines the local patterns of the column label sequence set, where some rows rise and fall together under some columns. This paper proposes an order-preserving subsequence mining method (Charm_Seq) based on the Charm algorithm, and Charm_Seq makes full use of Charm’s efficient Itemset-Tidset prefix search tree to mine frequent closed patterns of column label sequence set. Meanwhile, Charm_Cla can effectively improve classification performance by restoring frequent closed sequences to training samples. Experiments were conducted on actual gene expression datasets, and the experimental results verified the efficiency and effectiveness of this method.