Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Driver fatigue Detection Using Sensor Network

---- This paper presents a new approach towards automobile safety and security. In the field of an automotive research, a method to monitor and to detect a fatigue/drowsy or a drunken driver has been studied for many years. Previous research uses sensors such as an infrared camera for pupil detection or voice to detect fatigue, or image processing to detect driver expression. Even these approaches are able to detect driver’s fatigue; however, these methods are not driver adaptable nor interactive with a outside driving situation. We propose driver’s fatigue approach for real-time detection of driver fatigue. The system consists of a sensors directly pointed towards the driver’s face. The input to the system is a continuous stream of signals from the sensors. The system monitors the driver’s eyes to detect micro-sleeps (short periods of sleep lasting 3 to 4 seconds), monitors the driver’s jaw to detect jaw movement and monitors to detect driver pulse from finger using LED & LDR assembling. The system can analyze the eyes lid movement, jaw movement, variation in pulse rate from the driver compute it as well as compare signal. Accordingly, we can be obtained the driver’s fatigue level based on the response signals and alert driver.
Range image registration for industrial inspection

Building of three-dimensional models is an important topic in computer vision. Range finders only let to reconstruct a partial view of the object. However, in most part of applications a full reconstruction is required. Many authors have proposed several techniques to register 3D surfaces from multiple views. In this paper, a survey of the most common techniques is presented. Furthermore experimental results are performed, and a 3D model is obtained.
Automatic detection of linear woody Vegetation in agricultural areas

Automatic mapping and monitoring of agricultural landscapes is an important research problem. In this paper, we present a method for automatic mapping of linear strips of woody vegetation in very high-resolution imagery. The method combines spectral, textural and object shape information using hierarchical feature extraction and decision making steps. Experiments on Quickbird imagery from different sites show promising detection performance.
Adaptable Visualisation Based On User Needs

Software developers often ask questions about software systems and software ecosystems that entail exploration and navigation, such as who uses this component? , and where is this feature implemented? Software visualisation can be a great aid to understanding and exploring the answers to such questions, but visualisations require expertise to implement effectively, and they do not always scale well to large systems. We propose to automatically generate software visualisations based on software models derived from open source software corpora and from an analysis of the properties of typical developers queries and commonly used visualisations. The key challenges we see are (1) understanding how to match queries to suitable visualisations, and (2) scaling visualisations effectively to very large software systems and corpora. In the paper we motivate the idea of automatic software visualisation, we enumerate the challenges and our proposals to address them, and we describe some very initial results in our attempts to develop scalable visualisations of open source software corpora.
Alternate Approach for Implementation of SHA-2 Algorithm using Feed forward Neural Network

In this paper an algorithm for one-way hash function construction based on a two layer feed forward neural network along with the piece-wise linear (pwl) chaotic map is proposed. Where SHA-2 is cryptographic hash function designed by NSA(National Security Agency). Based on chaotic neural networks, a SHA-2 Hash function is constructed, which makes use of neural networks' diffusion property and chaos' confusion property. This function encodes the plaintext of arbitrary length into the hash value of fixed length (typically, 128-bit, 256-bit or 512-bit). Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that this hash function is one-way, with high key sensitivity and plaintext sensitivity, and secure against birthday attacks or meet-in-the-middle attacks. These properties make it a suitable choice for data signature or authentication.
Arpège: learning multitouch chord gestures vocabularies

This paper presents Arpège, a progressive multitouch input technique for learning chords, as well as a robust recognizer and guidelines for building large chord vocabularies. Experiment one validated our design guidelines and suggests implications for designing vocabularies, i.e. users prefer relaxed to tense chords, chords with fewer fingers and chords with fewer tense fingers. Experiment two demonstrated that users can learn and remember a large chord vocabulary with both Arpège and cheat sheets, and Arpège encourages the creation of effective mmnemonics.
On the stochastic mechanics of the free relativistic particle

Given a positive energy solution of the Klein–Gordon equation, the motion of the free, spinless, relativistic particle is described in a fixed Lorentz frame by a Markov diffusion process with nonconstant diffusion coefficient. Proper time is an increasing stochastic process and we derive a probabilistic generalization of the equation (dτ)2=−(1/c2)dXν dXν. A random time-change transformation provides the bridge between the t and the τ domain. In the τ domain, we obtain an M4-valued Markov process with singular and constant diffusion coefficient. The square modulus of the Klein–Gordon solution is an invariant, nonintegrable density for this Markov process. It satisfies a relativistically covariant continuity equation.
Do French Students Really Bid Sincerely ? ∗

Do French Students really bid sincerely in real and hypothetical incentive compatible auctions? Recent evidence suggests they do, which goes counter to most observed bidding behavior in the United States, and supports the idea that cultural di erences may explain bidding behavior more than economic circumstances. Herein we run a robustness check by exploring bidding behavior in classic Vickrey auction for real and hypothetical values in the two largest cities (Paris and Lyon). Two striking results emerge (1) French students bid sincerely; and (2) no hypothetical bias exists.
Approximate compaction and padded-sorting on exclusive write PRAMs

Padded-sorting is a task of placing input items in an array in a nondecreasing order, but with free space between consecutive elements allowed. For many applications, padded-sorting is as useful as sorting. Approximate compaction and compression are closely related problems. It is known that the time complexity of padded-sorting on randomized CRCW PRAMs is considerably lower than the time complexity of sorting. We analyze the time complexity of these problems on CREW and EREW PRAMs (deterministic and randomized) and get tight lower and upper bounds depending on the size of free space. We extend our lower bounds to approximate compaction and compression. Some of the algorithms presented are very rare examples of randomized EREW PRAMs that are much faster than their deterministic counterparts.
Adaptive Boolean compressive sensing by using multi-armed bandit

A new method for solving adaptive Boolean compressive sensing is proposed. By greedy maximization of an expected information gain, a conventional method controls the pool-size for adaptive Boolean compressive sensing. However, the conventional greedy method has the drawback that it has no guarantee of convergence to the optimal strategy. To solve the problem, based on the multi-armed bandit, the proposed method controls the pool-size adaptively. The information gain of the conventional greedy method is rewritten as the reward of the multi-armed bandit, and the multi-armed bandit is introduced into adaptive Boolean compressive sensing. Experimental results indicate that the correct rate of exact recovery of the proposed method converges to 1 fast without prior knowledge about the number of defective items and that the proposed method outperforms the conventional greedy method in the case that the number of defective items is large.
Dynamic Test Profiles in Adaptive Random Testing: A Case Study

Random testing (RT) is a basic software testing method. When used to detect software failures, RT usually generates random test cases according to a uniform distribution. Adaptive random testing (ART) is an innovative approach to enhancing the failure-detection capability of RT. Most ART algorithms are composed of two independent processes, namely the candidate generation process and the test case identification process. In these ART algorithms, some program inputs are first randomly generated as the test case candidates; then test cases are identified from these candidates in order to ensure an even spread of test cases across the input domain. Most previous studies on ART focused on the enhancement of the test case identification process, while using the uniform distribution in the candidate generation process. A recent study has shown that using a dynamic test profile in the candidate generation process can also improve the failure-detection capability of ART. In this paper, we develop various test profiles and integrate them with the test case identification process of a particular ART algorithm, namely fixed-size-candidate-set ART. It is observed that all these test profiles can significantly improve the failure-detection capability of ART.
Metal-Insulator-Metal Single Electron Transistors with Tunnel Barriers Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition

Single electron transistors are nanoscale electron devices that require thin, high-quality tunnel barriers to operate and have potential applications in sensing, metrology and beyond-CMOS computing schemes. Given that atomic layer deposition is used to form CMOS gate stacks with low trap densities and excellent thickness control, it is well-suited as a technique to form a variety of tunnel barriers. This work is a review of our recent research on atomic layer deposition and post-fabrication treatments to fabricate metallic single electron transistors with a variety of metals and dielectrics.
Effect of vitamin A and Zn supplementation on indices of vitamin A status, haemoglobin level and defecation of children with persistent diarrhea

To investigate the effect of vitamin A and Zn supplementation on vitamin A status, haemoglobin level and defecation of children with persistent diarrhea, a total of 160 paediatric patients were randomly assigned to one of four intervention groups: daily supplementation of 1,500 IU VA for 14 days; daily Zn supplementation for 14 days; daily supplementation with both VA and Zn for 14 days; no supplementation. One hundred twenty-seven children with persistent diarrhea finished intervention (33 were lost to follow-up). Among the 127 children, 41 (32.28%) had anaemia, 104 (81.89%) had a VA deficiency and 38 (29.92%) had an iron insufficiency. Supplementation with VA or VA + Zn enhanced the serum VA levels and ameliorated anaemia. Supplementation with Zn and VA + Zn for 5 days significantly improved defecation, where the VA + Zn treatment resulted in superior outcomes. After 14 days of intervention, the total effectiveness rates were 93.94%, 96.77% and 96.67% in the three groups, significantly greater than that of the non-supplementation group (72.73%). These results indicate that single VA or concurrent VA + Zn supplementation can improve vitamin A status, haemoglobin level and defecation. However, concurrent VA + Zn supplementation is the optimal option and can shorten the duration of persistent diarrhea and markedly improve nutritional status. (www.clinicaltrials.gov registration number: ChiCTR-IOR-14005498)
A novel approach to gearbox condition monitoring by using drive rectifier input currents

Gearboxes are widely used and subjected to progressive deterioration which makes box condition monitoring a relevant topic in the servodrive industry. This paper proposes a novel scheme for performing integral condition monitoring in a drive containing a gearbox. The proposed scheme is based on a modified MCSA scheme (motor current signature analysis) that uses the drive rectifier input currents instead than the machine currents, as in the case of the conventional scheme. The approach is based on the principle that any fault signature generated due to a faulty component (machine, load, mains, or power converters) propagates through the drive's main components (rectifier-inverter). In most of the cases the fault signatures should be detectable at the input side by carefully looking at the rectifier supply currents. The proposed scheme allows not only condition monitoring of the gearbox and the machine, but other drive's components at no extra cost. An experimental investigation is carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the scheme to detect a faulty gearbox in a PM servo drive operating under different working conditions. Important differences in magnitude for those frequencies related to the gearbox and system unbalances were found at the input side when the test was repeated with faulty gearbox, which demonstrates the feasibility of the scheme.
From Here to There: A Sociolinguistic Study in Gender and Direction-Giving

How do we get from here to there? It is clear that men and women explain things differently, but how much variation is possible in giving step-by-step instructions for a common task? If there is variation in these directions, how can we explain its origins? Carol Lawton, who studied the ways in which men and women give directions for spatial tasks, stated, “the pattern of gender differences that has emerged from research on navigation and wayfinding shows that men excel on some tasks and women on others. ” (322) Conclusions like Lawton’s that claim that linguistic gender differences arise from variations in related sub-sets of cognitive strengths are supported by what sociolinguist Jennifer Coates referred to as the “difference approach” to describing how men and women use language. This approach “emphasizes the idea that men and women belong to different subcultures… researchers have been able to show the strengths of linguistic strategies characteristic of women [and men]” (6). In my study entitled “From Here to There: A sociolinguistic study of gender and direction-giving,” I was not only concerned about the differences in responses to the direction-giving tasks that I asked of my respondents. Also, I wanted to know if these differences are due to inherent variations in the way that men and women use language, the frequency of certain linguistic markers, the effects of the nature of the study on the types of responses given, and the performance of each gender on two different types of tasks. I modeled my study most closely on Carol Lawton’s “Gender and Regional Differences in Spatial Referents Used in Direction Giving” (2001), although I compared my methodology and conclusions to other studies that also tracked gender differences in direction-giving tasks, both spatial and otherwise. In the first part of my paper, I will discuss direction-giving studies, in particular, Lawton’s study. I will then discuss my study’s methodology and the ways in which my study compared to Lawton’s and as well as that of other similar studies. Next, the paper will focus on the responses that I received for my study and how these results were converted into numerical data using statistics. Finally, I will evaluate my hypothesis in light of these findings, discuss the ways in which the methodology of my study may have affected the responses that I received, and briefly address changes that I would make for future studies on direction-giving. 1.1. An Overview of Direction-Giving Studies During the initial conception of the focus of my study on direction-giving, I surveyed a variety of studies done on direction-giving for spatial tasks and found that the overarching view of these linguistic gender differences was that men and women are both able to give
ProppLearner: Deeply annotating a corpus of Russian folktales to enable the machine learning of a Russian formalist theory

I describe the collection and deep annotation of the semantics of a corpus of Russian folktales. This corpus, which I call the ‘ProppLearner’ corpus, was assembled to provide data for an algorithm designed to learn Vladimir Propp’s morphology of Russian hero tales. The corpus is the most deeply annotated narrative corpus available at this time. The algorithm and learning results are described elsewhere; here, I provide detail on the layers of annotation and how they were chosen, novel layers of annotation required for successful learning, the selection of the texts for annotation, the annotation process itself, and the resulting inter-annotator agreement measures. In particular, the corpus comprised fifteen texts totaling 18,862 words. There were eighteen layers of annotation, five of which were developed specifically to support learning Propp’s morphology: referent attributes, context relationships, event valences, Propp’s ‘dramatis personae’, and Propp’s functions. All annotations were created by trained annotators with the Story Workbench annotation tool, following a double-annotation paradigm. I discuss lessons learned from this effort and what they mean for future digital humanities efforts when working with the semantics of natural language text.
Predictive mapping of forest composition and structure with direct gradient analysis and nearest- neighbor imputation in coastal Oregon, U.S.A.

Spatially explicit information on the species composition and structure of forest vegetation is needed at broad spatial scales for natural resource policy analysis and ecological research. We present a method for predictive vegetation mapping that applies direct gradient analysis and nearest-neighbor imputation to ascribe detailed ground at - tributes of vegetation to each pixel in a digital landscape map. The gradient nearest neighbor method integrates vegeta - tion measurements from regional grids of field plots, mapped environmental data, and Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery. In the Oregon coastal province, species gradients were most strongly associated with regional climate and geographic location, whereas variation in forest structure was best explained by Landsat TM variables. At the regional level, mapped predictions represented the range of variability in the sample data, and predicted area by vegetation type closely matched sample-based estimates. At the site level, mapped predictions maintained the covariance structure among multiple response variables. Prediction accuracy for tree species occurrence and several measures of vegetation structure and composition was good to moderate. Vegetation maps produced with the gradient nearest neighbor method are appropriately used for regional-level planning, policy analysis, and research, not to guide local management deci - sions.
Scalable 3D wavelet video coding scheme

This paper proposes a new framework for scalable video coding. A mesh-based motion estimation model is designed and applied in this scheme, which generates a continuous motion field. The temporal correlation is exploited by Barbell Lifting. Different wavelet coding algorithms are presented to remove the spatial redundancy of low and high-pass temporal subbands. Experimental results show that our proposed scheme outperforms the well-known MC Embedded Zero Block Coding scheme (MC-EZBC).
Uniqueness of Non-Negative Matrix Factorization

In this paper, two new properties of stochastic vectors are introduced and a strong uniqueness theorem on non-negative matrix factorizations (NMF) is introduced. It is described how the theorem can be applied to two of the common application areas of NMF, namely music analysis and probabilistic latent semantic analysis. Additionally, the theorem can be used for selecting the model order and the sparsity parameter in sparse NMFs.
Uncertainty in iris recognition based on texture analysis

Iris recognition is accepted as one of the best biometric methods. Extraction of a unique iris signature still remains impossible due to uncertainty of results in commonly used feature extraction methods. In this paper some issues of uncertainty in iris recognition caused by textural analysis are discussed. Moreover, the impact of preprocessing algorithms and acquisition system is presented as well. On the basis of drawn conclusions, assumptions for a new approach to iris recognition are finally proposed.
Regulation by Ca2+ and Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate (Insp3) of Single Recombinant Type 3 Insp3 Receptor Channels

The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) receptor (InsP3R) is an endoplasmic reticulum–localized Ca2+-release channel that controls complex cytoplasmic Ca2+ signaling in many cell types. At least three InsP3Rs encoded by different genes have been identified in mammalian cells, with different primary sequences, subcellular locations, variable ratios of expression, and heteromultimer formation. To examine regulation of channel gating of the type 3 isoform, recombinant rat type 3 InsP3R (r-InsP3R-3) was expressed in Xenopus oocytes, and single-channel recordings were obtained by patch-clamp electrophysiology of the outer nuclear membrane. Gating of the r-InsP3R-3 exhibited a biphasic dependence on cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). In the presence of 0.5 mM cytoplasmic free ATP, r-InsP3R-3 gating was inhibited by high [Ca2+]i with features similar to those of the endogenous Xenopus type 1 InsP3R (X-InsP3R-1). Ca2+ inhibition of channel gating had an inhibitory Hill coefficient of ∼3 and half-maximal inhibiting [Ca2+]i (K inh) = 39 μM under saturating (10 μM) cytoplasmic InsP3 concentrations ([InsP3]). At [InsP3] < 100 nM, the r-InsP3R-3 became more sensitive to Ca2+ inhibition, with the InsP3 concentration dependence of K inh described by a half-maximal [InsP3] of 55 nM and a Hill coefficient of ∼4. InsP3 activated the type 3 channel by tuning the efficacy of Ca2+ to inhibit it, by a mechanism similar to that observed for the type 1 isoform. In contrast, the r-InsP3R-3 channel was uniquely distinguished from the X-InsP3R-1 channel by its enhanced Ca2+ sensitivity of activation (half-maximal activating [Ca2+]i of 77 nM instead of 190 nM) and lack of cooperativity between Ca2+ activation sites (activating Hill coefficient of 1 instead of 2). These differences endow the InsP3R-3 with high gain InsP3–induced Ca2+ release and low gain Ca2+–induced Ca2+ release properties complementary to those of InsP3R-1. Thus, distinct Ca2+ signals may be conferred by complementary Ca2+ activation properties of different InsP3R isoforms.