Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Further studies on the mechanism of action of hydroxyurea.

Summary Addition of the four deoxyribonucleosides in vitro to 6C3HED mouse ascites tumor stimulates 32 P incorporation into DNA and depresses incorporation into RNA at concentrations greater than 10 -4 m. The four ribonucleosides stimulate incorporation into both DNA and RNA. Hydroxyurea blocks the ribonucleoside stimulation of 32 P incorporation into DNA but not RNA. The inhibition of 32 P incorporation into DNA by hydroxyurea is not prevented by the four deoxyribonucleosides in vitro when added either initially or at intervals throughout the period of incubation. Studies in vivo also indicate the failure of deoxyribonucleosides to prevent inhibition induced by hydroxyurea. The failure of deoxyribonucleosides to prevent the hydroxyurea effect cannot be explained on the basis of the failure of the added nucleosides to be incorporated into DNA or on the basis of their conversion to ribonucleosides and secondary inhibition of DNA synthesis. It would appear, on the basis of these data, that in this system the primary site of action of hydroxyurea is not at the level of conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides and, therefore, additional sites of action should be investigated.
Normal Guided Data-Driven Semantic Modeling from a Single Indoor Image

We present in this paper an interactive approach for semantically modeling indoor environments given only a single indoor image as input, without requiring access to the scene or using any additional measurements like the RGBD cameras. Our key insight is that, although depth estimation from a single image is notoriously difficult, we can conveniently obtain a relatively accurate normal map, which essentially conveys a great deal of scene geometry. This enables us to model each object in a data-driven manner by representing the object as a normal-based graph and retrieving a similar model from the database by graph matching. We hypothesize a set of sparse surface orientations for the image, and further refine them in an intuitive and straightforward manner. With a small amount of simple user interaction, our approach is able to generate a plausible model of the scene. To verify the effectiveness of our proposed method, we show the modeling results on a variety of indoor images.
Comparison of Plasma Cell Type of Castleman’s Disease and IgG4-Related Sclerosing Disease: A Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study

Objectives: Castleman’s disease (CD) is a group of rare atypical lymphoproliferative disorders classified as hyaline vascular (HV) and plasma cell (PC) types. CD may be closely mimicked by IgG4-related sclerosing disease (IgG4-SD) involving the lymph nodes. We retrospectively analyzed findings in patients with CD to elucidate the relationship between CD and IgG4-SD. Methods: Clinicopathological and immunophenotypical characteristics, including IgG+ and IgG4 expression by plasma cells, were analyzed in 87 consecutive patients diagnosed with CD from 1999 to 2010 at two major Korean hospitals. Results: The numbers of IgG+ (p < 0.001) and IgG4+ (p < 0.001) cells and the IgG4:IgG ratio (p = 0.003) were significantly higher in the PC than in the HV group. The mean IgG4+:IgG+ plasma cell ratio in the PC group was 25.1%, with 10 patients having a ratio >40%, the threshold IgG4:IgG ratio in patients with IgG4-SD. Conclusions: Patients with the PC form of CD and IgG4-related lymphadenopathy share some features, including the pattern of plasma cell distribution and high-level infiltration of IgG4+ cells. Some patients thought to have the PC form of CD could be reclassified as showing IgG4-related lymphadenopathy.
AGRIS: the Arabidopsis Gene Regulatory Information Server, an update

The Arabidopsis Gene Regulatory Information Server (AGRIS; http://arabidopsis.med.ohio-state.edu/) provides a comprehensive resource for gene regulatory studies in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Three interlinked databases, AtTFDB, AtcisDB and AtRegNet, furnish comprehensive and updated information on transcription factors (TFs), predicted and experimentally verified cis-regulatory elements (CREs) and their interactions, respectively. In addition to significant contributions in the identification of the entire set of TF–DNA interactions, which are the key to understand the gene regulatory networks that govern Arabidopsis gene expression, tools recently incorporated into AGRIS include the complete set of words length 5–15 present in the Arabidopsis genome and the integration of AtRegNet with visualization tools, such as the recently developed ReIN application. All the information in AGRIS is publicly available and downloadable upon registration.
Bitter taste receptor agonists elicit G‐protein‐dependent negative inotropy in the murine heart

G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are key mediators in cardiovascular physiology, yet frontline therapies for heart disease target only a small fraction of the cardiac GPCR repertoire. Moreover, there is emerging evidence that GPCRs implicated in taste (Tas1r and Tas2rs) have specific functions beyond the oral cavity. Our recent description of these receptors in heart tissue foreshadows a potential novel role in cardiac cells. In this study, we identified novel agonist ligands for cardiac‐Tas2rs to enable the functional investigation of these receptors in heart tissue. Five Tas2rs cloned from heart tissue were screened against a panel of 102 natural or synthetic bitter compounds in a heterologous expression system. We identified agonists for Tas2r108, Tas2r137, and Tas2r143 that were then tested in Langendorff‐perfused mouse hearts (from 8‐wk‐old male C57BL/6 mice). All Tas2r agonists tested exhibited concentration‐dependent effects, with agonists for Tas2r108 and Tas2r137, leading to a ~40% decrease in left ventricular developed pressure and an increase in aortic pressure, respectively. These responses were abrogated in the presence of Gα1 and Gβγ inhibitors (pertussis toxin and gallein). This study represents the first demonstration of profound Tas2r agonist‐induced, G protein‐dependent effects on mouse heart function. —Foster, S. R. , Blank, K. , See Hoe, L. E. , Behrens, M. , Meyerhof, W. , Peart, J. N. , Thomas, W. G. , Bitter taste receptor agonists elicit G‐protein‐dependent negative inotropy in the murine heart. FASEB J. 28, 4497–4508 (2014). www.fasebj. org
Colon cancer survival in the United States by race and stage (2001‐2009): Findings from the CONCORD‐2 study

In the first CONCORD study (2008), 5‐year survival for patients diagnosed with colon cancer between 1990 and 1994 in the United States was among the highest in the world (60%), but there were large racial disparities in most participating states. The CONCORD‐2 study (2015) enabled the examination of survival trends between 1995 and 2009 for US states by race and stage.
Molecular biological and isotopic biogeochemical prognoses of the nitrification-driven dynamic microbial nitrogen cycle in hadopelagic sediments.

There has been much progress in understanding the nitrogen cycle in oceanic waters including the recent identification of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing (anammox) bacteria, and in the comprehensive estimation in abundance and activity of these microbial populations. However, compared with the nitrogen cycle in oceanic waters, there are fewer studies concerning the oceanic benthic nitrogen cycle. To further elucidate the dynamic nitrogen cycle in deep-sea sediments, a sediment core obtained from the Ogasawara Trench at a water depth of 9760 m was analysed in this study. The profiles obtained for the pore-water chemistry, and nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopic compositions of pore-water nitrate in the hadopelagic sediments could not be explained by the depth segregation of nitrifiers and nitrate reducers, suggesting the co-occurrence of nitrification and nitrate reduction in the shallowest nitrate reduction zone. The abundance of SSU rRNA and functional genes related to nitrification and denitrification are consistent with the co-occurrence of nitrification and nitrate reduction observed in the geochemical analyses. This study presents the first example of cooperation between aerobic and anaerobic nitrogen metabolism in the deep-sea sedimentary environments.
Feedforward Chemical Neural Network: An In Silico Chemical System That Learns xor

Inspired by natural biochemicals that perform complex information processing within living cells, we design and simulate a chemically implemented feedforward neural network, which learns by a novel chemical-reaction-based analogue of backpropagation. Our network is implemented in a simulated chemical system, where individual neurons are separated from each other by semipermeable cell-like membranes. Our compartmentalized, modular design allows a variety of network topologies to be constructed from the same building blocks. This brings us towards general-purpose, adaptive learning in chemico: wet machine learning in an embodied dynamical system.
Information display by transcriptional enhancers

Transcriptional enhancers integrate positional and temporal information to regulate the complex expression of developmentally controlled genes. Current models suggest that enhancers act as computational devices, receiving multiple inputs from activators and repressors and resolving them into a single positive or a negative signal that is transmitted to the basal transcriptional machinery. We show that a simple, compact enhancer is capable of representing both repressed and activated states at the same time and in the same nucleus. This finding suggests that closely apposed factor binding sites, situated within compact cis-elements, can be independently interpreted by the transcriptional machinery, possibly through successive enhancer-promoter interactions. These results provide clear evidence that the computational functions usually ascribed to the enhancer itself are actually shared with the basal machinery. In contrast to the autonomous computer model of enhancer function, an information-display or `billboard' model of enhancer activity may better describe many developmentally regulated transcriptional enhancers.
Entylene Vinyl Acetate/Carbonized Wood Fiber Composites: The Effect of Zinc Chloride Content on Tensile Properties, Electrical Properties and Thermal Degradation

Challenges faced to develop conductive composites comprised of poor electro-active stability, control of the mobility, mechanical properties, presentation and concentration of bioactive molecules. Carbonized wood fiber (CWF) was successfully produced from waste wood fiber by using conventional furnace machine at 700 °C in air atmosphere for 4 hours. While, CWF coated ZnCl2 was carried out surface modification process via ethanol solution. In this study, the effect of different ZnCl2 content coating CWF with the fixed CWF filler and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) composites was studied. The samples were prepared by using Brabender Plasticoder at 160 °C and 50 rpm rotor speed. The result indicated that increasing ZnCl2 content showed tensile strength, tensile modulus, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability compared to unmodified composites.
The relationship of health care transition readiness to disease-related characteristics, psychosocial factors, and health care outcomes: preliminary findings in adolescents with chronic kidney disease.

PURPOSE The current study utilized the Disability-Stress-Coping Model to conceptualize how disease-related risk factors (disease severity, age of diagnosis, and disease burden) and psychosocial resilience factors (coping efficacy, family cohesion, and quality of life) influence health care transition (HCT) readiness when controlling for age and disease severity [1]. Additionally, the impact of low HCT readiness on emergency room visits and medication adherence was examined. METHODS The sample was comprised of 41 adolescents with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who ranged in age from 13 to 18 years (Mean=15.7). Multiple regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS None of the disease-related factors were associated with HCT readiness. Of the psychosocial factors, only family cohesion was a significant predictor and accounted for 10% unique variance. Transition readiness was significantly related to both the number of self-reported emergency room visits and medication adherence such that high readiness was related to fewer visits to the emergency room and better medication adherence; these variables accounted for 6.4% and 14.9% of the unique variance respectively. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that disease-related risk factors may be less critical to predicting transition readiness than resilience factors such as family cohesion. Additionally, when adolescents have low transition readiness they are likely to experience significant negative health outcomes.
The ins and outs of cholesterol in the vertebrate retina

The vertebrate retina has multiple demands for utilization of cholesterol and must meet those demands either by synthesizing its own supply of cholesterol or by importing cholesterol from extraretinal sources, or both. Unlike the blood-brain barrier, the blood-retina barrier allows uptake of cholesterol from the circulation via a lipoprotein-based/receptor-mediated mechanism. Under normal conditions, cholesterol homeostasis is tightly regulated; also, cholesterol exists in the neural retina overwhelmingly in unesterified form, and sterol intermediates are present in minimal to negligible quantities. However, under certain pathological conditions, either due to an inborn error in cholesterol biosynthesis or as a consequence of exposure to selective inhibitors of enzymes in the cholesterol pathway, the ratio of sterol intermediates to cholesterol in the retina can rise dramatically and persist, in some cases resulting in progressive degeneration that significantly compromises the structure and function of the retina. Although the relative contributions of de novo synthesis versus extraretinal uptake are not yet known, herein we review what is known about these processes and the dynamics of cholesterol in the vertebrate retina and indicate some future avenues of research in this area.
Differential Effects of Sildenafil (Viagra) on Processing Steps of Spatial Learning and Memory in Rat

memory. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of sildenafil on different stages of spatial learning and memory of rat using radial maze. Materials and Methods: The effects of pre-training, pre-retrieval oral administration or post-training i.p. injection of sildenafil (10 mg/kg) in radial maze task were investigated. Results: Pre-training and post-training administration of sildenafil impaired radial maze task. Pre-retrieval injection of sildenafil decreased reference memory and working memory errors. Therefore, sildenafil impaired acquisition and consolidation of spatial learning and memory but improved retrieval of spatial memory in radial maze. Conclusions: Sildenafil has differential effects on the spatial learning and memory processing. It seems this result is due to accumulation of cGMP in the neural structures related to learning and memory processing. As different neural structures are involved in different learning and memory tasks, these results might be due to the different actions of cGMP in different structures of brain.
Transcriptome dynamics-based operon prediction and verification in Streptomyces coelicolor

Streptomyces spp. produce a variety of valuable secondary metabolites, which are regulated in a spatio-temporal manner by a complex network of inter-connected gene products. Using a compilation of genome-scale temporal transcriptome data for the model organism, Streptomyces coelicolor, under different environmental and genetic perturbations, we have developed a supervised machine-learning method for operon prediction in this microorganism. We demonstrate that, using features dependent on transcriptome dynamics and genome sequence, a support vector machines (SVM)-based classification algorithm can accurately classify >90% of gene pairs in a set of known operons. Based on model predictions for the entire genome, we verified the co-transcription of more than 250 gene pairs by RT-PCR. These results vastly increase the database of known operons in S. coelicolor and provide valuable information for exploring gene function and regulation to harness the potential of this differentiating microorganism for synthesis of natural products.
Quantitative analysis of strategies for streaming media distribution

Distribution of streaming media content, including live news, music and videos, is becoming increasingly popular in today's Internet. Traditional client/server architectures are inefficient for distributing streaming media objects because of the high demands for system resources, especially server and network bandwidth, which severely limit the total number of simultaneous users the system can support. One proposal for improving the scalability of media distribution systems is the use of P2P overlay networks. Although a number of previous works has evaluated different aspects of P2P systems, mainly through simulation, there is a lack of a thorough quantitative analysis of the requirements for server and network resources (i.e., CPU, server and network bandwidth) in actual P2P systems, compared to traditional client/server systems. We aim at filling this gap by providing experimental results that quantify the savings in server and network resources if a P2P approach is used for distributing live streaming media instead of the traditional client/server approach. Towards this goal, we build an experimental testbed, in a controlled environment, to evaluate actual systems with varying number of clients during periods when the distribution tree is static. A key component of this experimental testbed is a new efficient and scalable application called streaming servant, which can act both as a client and a server, forwarding packets to other clients. We also use simple analytical formulas to evaluate the scalability of our servant application. The experimental results quantify the intuitive better scalability of the P2P architecture. As an example, the total server bandwidth decreases from 15 Mbits/s to 9 Mbits/s (a 40% reduction) if a P2P architecture is used instead of a client/server architecture for live delivery of a given file to 24 clients.
Information Sharing in Competing Supply Chains with Production Cost Reduction

We consider the problem of sharing demand information in two competing supply chains, each consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer. Information sharing allows a manufacturer’s wholesale price to respond to demand signal, which benefits the supply chain if the manufacturer is efficient in cost reduction and hurts it otherwise. It also allows a manufacturer’s cost reduction level to respond to demand signal, which always benefits the supply chain. A supply chain that engages in information sharing triggers a reaction from the rival chain. Such a reaction may benefit or hurt the first supply chain, depending on whether the retailers compete on quantity or price, and whether or not the manufacturers are efficient in cost reduction. With quantity competition, information sharing occurs when the manufacturers are efficient in cost reduction. It is more likely to occur when either information is less accurate or competition is less intense. With price competition, information sharing occurs when either c.
Mycolic acid methyltransferase, MmaA4, is necessary for thiacetazone susceptibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the second‐line antitubercular drug thiacetazone (TAC) requires activation by the monoxygenase, EthA. Here, we report isolation of spontaneous mutants in Mycobacterium bovis BCG that are highly resistant to TAC, but carry a functional EthA. Unexpectedly, a majority of the TAC‐resistant mutants lacked keto‐mycolic acids, which are long‐chain fatty acids associated with the cell wall and which contribute significantly to the physiopathology of tuberculosis. Predictably, causative mutations in the above mutants were in the gene encoding methyltransferase MmaA4, which is required for synthesis of keto‐ and methoxy‐mycolic acids. Drug‐resistant phenotype of the BCG mutants was reproduced in a mmaA4, but not in a mmaA3 null mutant of M. tuberculosis CDC1551. Susceptibility to TAC could be restored by complementation with a functional mmaA4 gene. Interestingly, overexpression of MmaA4 in M. bovis BCG made it more susceptible to TAC. We provide novel mechanistic insights into antitubercular drug activation by co‐ordinated actions of EthA and MmaA4. This study is the first demonstration of the participation of an enzyme linked to the synthesis of oxygenated mycolates in a drug activation process in M. tuberculosis, and highlights the interplay between mycolic acid synthesis, drug activation and mycobacterial virulence.
Bizarre smooth muscle tumors of the stomach

HEN the fascicle on Tumors of the Stomach (11 the Atlas oj T u m o r Potirologyll w s prep red by t.he writer, the subject of srnooth niascle tumors secnied to necessitate only a tlescription of the common benign and malignant. varictics mrl an attempt to correct the relatively l‘rcquent error ol‘ calling siiiooth iiiuscle tumors iieurogenous simply because leiomyoblasts so frequently tend to palisade their nuclei. I w a s aware that smooth muscle
Materials selection for a fiber-metal-laminate with elastomer interlayers

Materials selection for a fiber-metal-laminate with elastomer interlayers was carried out. The expected load for the laminate was flexural sheet bending. The laminate was selected to ensure a flexural stiffness, while minimizing the weight of the structure. The selection criteria were applied for the constituents and the laminate design. Restrictions like a symmetrical layup and a laminate thickness of 2.5 mm were enforced during the selection process. The constituent material was selected during the process before the laminate was optimized. The constituent thickness and stacking sequence were optimized with respect to lightweight potential and flexural stiffness. A laminate with carbon fiber reinforced polymer face sheets, aluminium core layer, and elastomer interlayers was found to be the optimal choice under these constraints.