Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seismotectonics of the 2014 Chiang Rai, Thailand, earthquake sequence

On 5 May 2014, a Mw 6.2 strike‐slip earthquake occurred in the Mae Lao region of Chiang Rai province in Thailand. This earthquake took place in a region of known faults and caused substantial damage and injuries, although the region had been previously identified as having a relatively low earthquake hazard. Detailed field reconnaissance and deployment of a dense, temporary, network of broadband seismometers allowed details of the damage and its relationship to seismicity to be analyzed. The aftershock sequence associated with this main shock occurs on two well‐defined trends, reflecting the two potential fault planes in earthquake mechanisms for the main shock and the majority of the aftershocks. The damage area was relatively large for an event of this magnitude, but building damage was largely limited to the primary rupture region, while liquefaction and other ground failure are spatially associated with the rupture area and along regional rivers. Stress modeling, combined with the time series and pattern of aftershock activity, leads us to propose that slip near the northern termination of the main shock rupture continued slightly onto a conjugate fault, helping to trigger the distinct pattern of two discrete, conjugate trends of aftershock activity that mirror the kinematics of the main shock fault mechanism.
PROTOCOL: Street outreach conflict mediation programs for reducing violence

Abstract This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: This systematic review will synthesize the available evaluation research on the effectiveness of street outreach conflict mediation programs. The review seeks to answer the following primary question: Are street outreach worker strategies that use conflict mediation and/or violence interruption strategies effective at reducing violence? Assuming a sufficient number of eligible studies, this review will also address two additional questions: Are there certain program elements that render these strategies more or less effective? Are there certain conditions under which these strategies are more or less effective? As policymakers struggle to understand the policy options available to them for preventing and reducing violence, having clear answers to these three questions will help them make more informed decisions. The primary focus of this review is the effect of these strategies on violence. Nonetheless, when data are available we will collect information on secondary outcomes such as the cost‐effectiveness of these strategies and their impacts on perceptual or attitudinal measures such as fear, perceived safety, and violence‐related norms.
Data in Brief

Viral integration is a complex biological process, and it is useful to have a reference integration dataset with known properties to compare experimental data against, or for comparing with the results from computational tools that detect integration. To generate these data, we developed a pipeline for simulating integrations of a viral or vector genome into a host genome. Our method reproduces more complex characteristics of vector and viral integration, including integration of sub-genomic fragments, structural variation of the integrated genomes
Exceptionally well-preserved Orsten-type phosphatocopid crustaceans from the Cambrian of Poland

Phosphatocopids are a group of small extinct marine crustaceans, which occur widespread in Cambrian dysoxic benthic lithofacies. Whereas the anatomy of the earliest ontogenetic stages of phosphatocopids, from the head larva with four pairs of appendages onward, is well documented, that of more advanced or adult growth stages has remained almost unknown (except for the external shields). Here we describe a three-dimensionally preserved specimen of a late growth stage of Cyclotron angelini from the Furongian strata (~490 Ma) of northern Poland, which possesses six pairs of appendages (2nd–7th pairs; antennula missing), much of setation, sternum with paragnath humps, and the trunk end with the putative anus. Based on comparisons with known phosphatocopids, the cephalic feeding system of this late larva comprises the antennae with their gnathobase-like median structures on their syncoxa and the mandible with a likewise strong but oblique gnathic coxal endite. Both appendages have a short, specialized endopod bearing a prominent, dentate, stout median spine on its proximal portion. The antennulae are missing but, as in other phosphatocopids, they are not expected to have contributed to the feeding and locomotory system like they do in crustacean stem-lineage representatives and the Eucrustacea, especially in the early larval phase. The lack of an antennal exopod and strong reduction in size of the mandibular exopod of C. angelini suggest that these appendages had lost their function as locomotory and sweeping devices, in contrast to other phosphatocopids (and eucrustaceans). Therefore, they may have served mainly for food gathering in the vicinity of the mouth, which may represent an autapomorphy of this phosphatocopid species. Furthermore, in this developmental stage of C. angelini the production of water currents and movement of food particles toward the median food path was likely achieved by the large, paddle-shaped setiferous exopods of the serially developed post-mandibular limbs. For comparisons, we studied additional phosphatocopid specimens from the Debki 2 borehole belonging to other taxa and representing different ontogenetic stages. This is also the first report of exceptionally preserved cuticular apodemes in phosphatocopids, extending internally and still bearing partly preserved, putative muscle bundles. As known from extant eucrustaceans, these apodemes most likely served as attachment sites for appendage muscles. (Less)
The use of remote sensing data to monitor land use systems and forest variables of the tropical rainforest landscape under transformation in Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia

The transformation of land use in the tropics has received major attention in the last decades due to the rapid loss of tropical forests. In particular, large forest areas have been deforested and turned into agricultural lands. Monitoring land use systems and remaining forests in areas of transformation is therefore important, particularly within tropical rainforest landscapes. Such monitoring provides information such as the spatial distribution of land use systems, land use change, and also the quality of the ecosystem over the landscape (e.g. habitat quality, forest carbon stock, etc). This information could be a baseline for respective stakeholders to take action on sustainable landscape management. This study took place in Jambi province which is one of the hot spots of land use transformation in Indonesia, primarily in regard to forest conversion. To understand the historical land use change within study area, this study aims to analyze land use transformation in the period of 1990-2013 and the temporal dynamics of land use fragmentation. Some potential factors related to deforestation were also analyzed. Moreover, the applicability of high resolution RapidEye images was evaluated to classify land use systems and predict forest variables combined with field inventory data.
Prior‐guided individualized thalamic parcellation based on local diffusion characteristics

Abstract Comprising numerous subnuclei, the thalamus intricately interconnects the cortex and subcortex, orchestrating various facets of brain functions. Extracting personalized parcellation patterns for these subnuclei is crucial, as different thalamic nuclei play varying roles in cognition and serve as therapeutic targets for neuromodulation. However, accurately delineating the thalamic nuclei boundary at the individual level is challenging due to intersubject variability. In this study, we proposed a prior‐guided parcellation (PG‐par) method to achieve robust individualized thalamic parcellation based on a central‐boundary prior. We first constructed probabilistic atlas of thalamic nuclei using high‐quality diffusion MRI datasets based on the local diffusion characteristics. Subsequently, high‐probability voxels in the probabilistic atlas were utilized as prior guidance to train unique multiple classification models for each subject based on a multilayer perceptron. Finally, we employed the trained model to predict the parcellation labels for thalamic voxels and construct individualized thalamic parcellation. Through a test–retest assessment, the proposed prior‐guided individualized thalamic parcellation exhibited excellent reproducibility and the capacity to detect individual variability. Compared with group atlas registration and individual clustering parcellation, the proposed PG‐par demonstrated superior parcellation performance under different scanning protocols and clinic settings. Furthermore, the prior‐guided individualized parcellation exhibited better correspondence with the histological staining atlas. The proposed prior‐guided individualized thalamic parcellation method contributes to the personalized modeling of brain parcellation.
Awareness, knowledge, disease prevention practices, and immunization attitude of hepatitis E virus among food handlers in Klang Valley, Malaysia

ABSTRACT Concern about the zoonotic Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is rising. Since, food handlers are at greater risk in contracting HEV, the present study aims to determine awareness, knowledge, prevention practices against HEV, and immunization attitudes. A cross sectional study was conducted among 400 food handlers in Klang Valley, Malaysia from December 2021 to March 2022. A structured questionnaire was employed for data collection and analysis with Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 29. Approximately 4.5% of the respondents (18) reported having heard of HEV, while the median scores for the knowledge and practice domains were 0/10 and 1/5, respectively. A total of 316 (79%) respondents expressed willingness to obtain vaccination if made available. This study also found that those respondents who completed their tertiary education were significantly possessed better knowledge of the disease [odd ratio (OR) = 8.95, and 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.98–16.10]. Respondents with HEV awareness reported considerably better practices (OR = 8.24, 95% CI 1.72–39.63). Food handlers with one to five years of experience in the industry expressed notable willingness to take vaccination (OR = 7.71, 95% CI 1.79–33.18). Addressing poor HEV awareness and knowledge and poor practices against the disease is crucial in enlightening the policy makers about awareness among food handlers and general population. Nonetheless, a good immunization attitude, significant acceptance toward vaccination even with the vaccine being unavailable in Malaysia, and limited awareness of HEV highlight a promising development.
Alterations of functional brain activity and connectivity in female nurses working on long‐term shift

Abstract Aim To investigate the alterations of functional brain activity and connectivity in female nurses working on long‐term shifts and explore their correlations with work‐related psychological traits. Design An exploratory cross‐sectional study. Methods Thirty‐five female nurses working on long‐term shifts (shift nurses) and 35 female nurses working on fixed days (fixed nurses) were enrolled. After assessing the work‐related psychological traits, including burnout, perceived stress, anxiety, and depression of nurses, the fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and region of interest (ROI)‐based functional connectivity (FC) analyses were performed to investigate the differences of brain spontaneous activity and functional connectivity between these two groups of nurses. Thereafter, correlations between the functional brain parameters (fALFF and FC) and clinical metrics were investigated among the shift nurses. Results Compared to fixed nurses, shift nurses had higher burnout, perceived stress and depression scores, lower fALFF in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), left and right superior parietal lobule (SPL), bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and higher fALFF in the right superior/middle temporal gyrus, as well as decreased FC between the right dlPFC (the selected ROI) and bilateral ACC, left and right inferior frontal/orbitofrontal gyrus (IFG/IOFG), right SPL, and left middle occipital gyrus (voxel‐level p < 0.001, cluster level p < 0.05, GRF correction). Correlation analyses demonstrated that the fALFF value of the right dlPFC was significantly correlated with the burnout and anxiety scores, the FC value of the right dlPFC‐right SPL was correlated with the perceived stress and burnout scores, the FC value of the right dlPFC‐right IFG/IOFG was correlated with the burnout score in shift nurses (p < 0.05). Conclusion Shift nurses had work‐related altered functional activity and connectivity in the right frontoparietal network, which provided objective and visualised evidence to clarify the hazards of long‐term shift work on female nurses. Patient or Public Contribution Seventy nurses participated deeply as subjects in this study. These findings are expected to draw managers' attention to the harmful influences of shift work on nurses.
Vertical Profiles of the Wave-Induced Airflow above Ocean Surface Waves

An analysis of coherent measurements of winds and waves from data collected during the ONR Southern California 2013 (SoCal2013) program from R/P FLIP off the coast of Southern California in November 2013 is presented. An array of ultrasonic anemometers mounted on a telescopic mast was deployed to resolve the vertical profile of the modulation of the marine atmospheric boundary layer by the waves. Spectral analysis of the data provides the wave-induced components of the wind velocity for various wind-wave conditions. Results show that the wave-induced fluctuations depend both on the spectral wave age and the normalized height , where c is the linear phase speed of the waves with wavenumber k and is the mean wind speed measured at the height z. The dependence on the spectral wave age expresses the sensitivity of the wave-induced airflow to the critical layer where . Across the critical layer, there is a significant change of both the amplitude and phase of the wave-induced fluctuations. Below the critical layer, the phase remains constant while the amplitude decays exponentially depending on the normalized height. Accounting for this double dependency, the nondimensionalization of the amplitude of the wave-induced fluctuations by the surface orbital velocity collapses all the data measured by the array of sonic anemometers, where a is the amplitude of the waves.
Thermal spray of a drug delivery system onto femoral orthopaedic implant

Hydroxyapatite bioceramics are proven to be good materials for bone replacement and repair applications, due to their similarity in chemical composition to bone. Plasma spraying has been commonly used to apply hydroxyapatite coatings onto metallic implants for use in orthopaedic surgeries. The addition of HA coatings was successful in improving the performance of titanium implants. However, this type of implant has shown some limitations with regards to mechanical (implant loosening) and biological (infections) behaviour. It is thought that local drug delivery would be useful to prevent implant failures that could be treated with therapeutic agents (drug/growth factor). It is hypothesised in this work that polymers proven in drug delivery for other applications could be successfully applied to implants using existing technology in the sector. This research aims to introduce biodegradable materials (polymers) to the existing HA-titanium combination and to bare titanium implants in order to act as a drug-delivery vehicle. The proposed materials (PCL, PMMA and PHBV) consisted of biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers (used separately or as a composite) that are widely used as drug delivery systems. The method used to apply these drug delivery systems in this project was flame spraying, due to its superior mechanical advantages over other techniques. Taking into account the thermal sensitivity of the chosen polymers and the high process temperature generated by the process, the mains challenges of this study were to obtain viable coatings with regards to all coating properties (chemical, physical, biological) and to control the mechanical characteristics of such coatings by varying the process parameters. Screening tests were conducted to determine the spraying parameters suitable for each polymer, followed by a more thorough Design of Experiments analysis to understand the relationship between three process factors: traverse speed, number of passes and spraying distance, and four coatings properties: thickness, roughness, adhesion and wettability. Chemical, physical, physiological and biological tests were also performed in order to study the suitability of the proposed polymers for such an application. The optimal process parameters to spray the PCL and PHBV matrices were: traverse speed of 0.152 m/s and 0.33 m/s, spraying distance of50 cm and 42.5 cm number of passes of 6 and 14, respectively. Viable polymer composites were obtained with the optimised spraying parameters on bare titanium and on HA coatings. These polymer coatings were not chemically damaged following flame spraying and all physiological and biological indicators suggested that the deposition technique used in this project is well suited for applying polymeric materials on orthopaedic implants for use as bioactive and drug delivery systems.
Intracanal microbiome profiles of two apical periodontitis cases in one patient: A comparison with saliva and plaque profiles

Abstract Objectives To determine the characteristics of the endodontic microbiome. Material and Methods Saliva, plaque, and infected root canal wall dentin of two teeth suffering from apical periodontitis were harvested from a 58‐year‐old man. Bacterial DNA was extracted from each sample, and 16S rRNA gene analysis targeting the V3–V4 region was conducted on the Illumina MiSeq platform using QIIME2. The functional potential of the microbiomes was inferred using PICRUSt2. Results The four microbiomes were different in structure and membership, yet the nine most abundant metabolic pathways were common among them. The two endodontic microbiomes were more anaerobic, rich in Firmicutes, and scarce in Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria, compared with saliva and plaque microbiomes. Their profiles were dissimilar despite their clinical and radiographic similarities. Conclusions The endodontic microbiomes were anaerobic, rich in Firmicutes, scarce in Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria, and considerably varied within an individual.
Influence of edaphic characteristics of the edge and inside the reforested area at the spatial distribution of Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.) Lindl. (Orchidaceae).

1 Recebido para análise em 24.10. 2017. Aceito para publicação em 01.06. 2018. 2 Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto – UNIARARAS, Av. Maximilano Baruto, 500, Jardim Universitário, 13600-000 Araras, SP, Brasil. 3 Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Departamento de Zootecnia. Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Zona Rural, Campus Fernando Costa 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil. 4 Autor para correspondência: Cristiano Pedroso-de-Moraes cpmoraes@gmail.com ABSTRACT Factors such as soil properties, altitude and topography are conditional aspects on the spatial distribution of species around the forest. The present work carried out edaphic analyzes on the edge and inside the Arboretum of Native Essences at the Hermínio Ometto University Center Uniararas and in vegetative organs of Oeceoclades maculata, to demonstrate the influence of soil attributes on its spatial distribution. For this purpose, 20 cm deep soil samples and 10 individuals from O. maculata were collected, inside of each fragment, on its edge and interior. At the end of the investigation, the results demonstrated that Oeceoclades maculata has an aggregate distribution pattern in the studied microhabitats, considering that OM and P were present at a moderate and high positive correlation at the edge, respectively, and V% with median positive correlation for the interior, showing among all analyzed attributes distributive spatial influence.
SARS-CoV-2 infection among physicians over time in Ontario, Canada: a population-based retrospective cohort study

Aim To assess this risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among Ontario physicians by specialty and in comparison with non-physician controls during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, the primary outcome was incident SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Secondary outcomes were hospitalization, use of critical care, and mortality. Results From March 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022, 6172/30 617 (20%) active Ontario physicians tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Infection was less likely if physicians were older (OR 0.78 [0.76-0.81] per 10 years), rural residents (OR 0.70 [0.59-0.83]), and lived in more marginalized neighborhoods (OR 0.74 [0.62-0.89]), but more likely if they were female (OR 1.14 [1.07-1.22]), worked in long-term care settings (OR 1.16 [1.02-1.32]), had higher patient volumes (OR 2.05 [1.82-2.30] for highest vs lowest), and were pediatricians (OR 1.25 [1.09-1.44]). Compared with community-matched controls (n = 29 763), physicians had a higher risk of infection during the first two waves of the pandemic (OR 1.38 [1.20-1.59]) but by wave 3 the risk was no longer significantly different (OR 0.93 [0.83-1.05]). Physicians were less likely to be hospitalized within 14 days of their first positive PCR test than non-physicians (P < 0.0001), but there was no difference in the use of critical care (P = 0.48) or mortality (P = 0.15). Conclusion Physicians had higher rates of infection than community-matched controls during the first two waves of the pandemic in Ontario, but not from wave 3 onward. Physicians practicing in long-term care facilities and pediatricians were more likely to test positive for SARS-CoV-2 than other physicians.
Human estimates of descending objects’ motion are more accurate than those of ascending objects regardless of gravity information

Humans can accurately estimate and track object motion, even if it accelerates. Research shows that humans exhibit superior estimation and tracking performance for descending (falling) than ascending (rising) objects. Previous studies presented ascending and descending targets along the gravitational and body axes in an upright posture. Thus, it is unclear whether humans rely on congruent information between the direction of the target motion and gravity or the direction of the target motion and longitudinal body axes. Two experiments were conducted to explore these possibilities. In Experiment 1, participants estimated the arrival time at a goal for both upward and downward motion of targets along the longitudinal body axis in the upright (both axes of target motion and gravity congruent) and supine (both axes incongruent) postures. In Experiment 2, smooth pursuit eye movements were assessed while tracking both targets in the same postures. Arrival time estimation and smooth pursuit eye movement performance were consistently more accurate for downward target motion than for upward motion, irrespective of posture. These findings suggest that the visual experience of seeing an object moving along an observer's leg side in everyday life may influence the ability to accurately estimate and track the descending object's motion.