Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hybridized Deep Learning Approach for Detecting Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is mainly a neurodegenerative sickness. The primary characteristics are neuronal atrophy, amyloid deposition, and cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric disorders. Numerous machine learning (ML) algorithms have been investigated and applied to AD identification over the past decades, emphasizing the subtle prodromal stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to assess critical features that distinguish the disease’s early manifestation and instruction for early detection and treatment. Identifying early MCI (EMCI) remains challenging due to the difficulty in distinguishing patients with cognitive normality from those with MCI. As a result, most classification algorithms for these two groups perform poorly. This paper proposes a hybrid Deep Learning Approach for the early detection of Alzheimer’s disease. A method for early AD detection using multimodal imaging and Convolutional Neural Network with the Long Short-term memory algorithm combines magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and standard neuropsychological test scores. The proposed methodology updates the learning weights, and Adam’s optimization is used to increase accuracy. The system has an unparalleled accuracy of 98.5% in classifying cognitively normal controls from EMCI. These results imply that deep neural networks may be trained to automatically discover imaging biomarkers indicative of AD and use them to identify the illness accurately.
Partition Actions of Symmetric Groups and Regular Bipartite Graphs

A base of an action of a group G on a set Ω is a subset B ⊆ Ω such that the pointwise stabiliser of B in G is the identity. We prove that if Ω is the set of partitions of [1, kl] into l subsets of size k, then the action of Skl on Ω has a base of size two if and only if k ⩾ 3 and l ⩾ max {k + 3, 8}. This result completes a classification of the primitive base 2 actions of the symmetric groups. During the proof we show that there exists a k‐regular bipartite graph G on 2l vertices with no non‐trivial automorphisms fixing the bipartite blocks if and only if k ⩾ 3 and l ⩾ max {k + 3, 8}. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 20B30 (primary), 05C25 (secondary).
THE ELLIPSOIDAL VARIABLE 42 PERSEI : OBSERVATIONS AND MODEL.

The bright star 42 Per is an ellipsoidal variable with a period of 1.76535 days. New U, B, and V photometric data and radial velocities are analyzed in combination with previously published data. The model presented is a detached system with a mass ratio of approximately 0.19. If observed, a predicted shallow eclipse could contribute to a more reliable determination of the physical properties of the suspected M-type secondary star and the evolutionary state of the entire system.
Analysis of decision fusion algorithms in handling uncertainties for integrated health monitoring systems

It has been widely accepted that data fusion and information fusion methods can improve the accuracy and robustness of decision-making in structural health monitoring systems. It is arguably true nonetheless, that decision-level is equally beneficial when applied to integrated health monitoring systems. Several decisions at low-levels of abstraction may be produced by different decision-makers; however, decision-level fusion is required at the final stage of the process to provide accurate assessment about the health of the monitored system as a whole. An example of such integrated systems with complex decision-making scenarios is the integrated health monitoring of aircraft. Thorough understanding of the characteristics of the decision-fusion methodologies is a crucial step for successful implementation of such decision-fusion systems. In this paper, we have presented the major information fusion methodologies reported in the literature, i.e., probabilistic, evidential, and artificial intelligent based methods. The theoretical basis and characteristics of these methodologies are explained and their performances are analyzed. Second, candidate methods from the above fusion methodologies, i.e., Bayesian, Dempster-Shafer, and fuzzy logic algorithms are selected and their applications are extended to decisions fusion. Finally, fusion algorithms are developed based on the selected fusion methods and their performance are tested on decisions generated from synthetic data and from experimental data. Also in this paper, a modeling methodology, i.e. cloud model, for generating synthetic decisions is presented and used. Using the cloud model, both types of uncertainties; randomness and fuzziness, involved in real decision-making are modeled. Synthetic decisions are generated with an unbiased process and varying interaction complexities among decisions to provide for fair performance comparison of the selected decision-fusion algorithms. For verification purposes, implementation results of the developed fusion algorithms on structural health monitoring data collected from experimental tests are reported in this paper.
Effect of rotor eccentricity on electric parameters in a PM brushless motor with parallel winding connections

In this paper, the parallel winding of a 20-pole, 18-slot permanent magnet (PM) brushless motor with common and uncommon neutral points is used to investigate static rotor eccentricity effects. Static rotor eccentricity will cause an imbalance of the back-EMF in each parallel winding and may result in high torque ripple. However, as the common neutral point is applied, it can be observed that the back-EMF becomes balanced and may reduce torque ripple. Moreover, the winding current and inductance in the eccentric motor with a common neutral point are also discussed. This paper provides motor designers with analyses of the relationship between static rotor eccentricity and electric motor parameters, such as back-EMF, winding current, and incremental inductances.
Constitutive and conditional gene knockout mice for the study of intervertebral disc degeneration: Current status, decision considerations, and future possibilities

There have been an increasing number of patients with degenerative disc diseases due to the aging population. In light of this, studies on the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration have become a hot topic, and gene knockout mice have become a valuable tool in this field of research. With the development of science and technology, constitutive gene knockout mice can be constructed using homologous recombination, zinc finger nuclease, transcription activator‐like effector nuclease technology and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system, and conditional gene knockout mice can be constructed using the Cre/LoxP system. The gene‐edited mice using these techniques have been widely used in the studies on disc degeneration. This paper reviews the development process and principles of these technologies, functions of the edited genes in disc degeneration, advantages, and disadvantages of different methods and possible targets of the specific Cre recombinase in intervertebral discs. Recommendations for the choice of suitable gene‐edited model mice are presented. At the same time, possible technological improvements in the future are also discussed.
Finite cooperative games: parametrisation of the concept of equilibrium (from Pareto to Nash) and stability of the efficient situation in the Hölder metric

Abstract We consider a finite cooperative game of several players with parametric principle of optimality such that the relations between players in a coalition are based on the Pareto maximum. The introduction of this principle allows us to find a link between such classical concepts as the Pareto optimality and the Nash equilibrium. We carry out a quantitative analysis of the stability of the game situation which is optimal for the given partition method with respect to perturbations of parameters of the payoff functions in the space with the Hölder lp -metric, 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞. We obtain a formula for the radius of stability for such situation, so we are able to point out the limiting level for perturbations of the game parameters such that the optimality of the situation is preserved.
Scaling relations in warm-rain orographic precipitation

Warm-rain orographic precipitation at an isolated mountain is studied by numerical experiments using the non-hydrostatic COSMO model. The simulations are analyzed to derive scaling relations for the precipitation efficiency as a function of the relevant microphysical and advective timescales and Froude numbers. For the microphysical conversion timescale a new formulation is applied based on a parameterization of the stochastic collection equation. This warm-rain microphysical timescale couples the rain formation to the forcing by condensation, i.e. updraft velocity and liquid water lapse rate, and microphysical properties like the cloud droplet number concentration. Using this microphysical timescale the scaling relations for warm-rain orographic precipitation for an isolated mountain are revisited. A simple scaling relation for the precipitation efficiency is found, but the physical explanation remains challenging due to the strong nonlinearity of the microphysical growth rates. It is hypothesised that, in addition to local variables, the dependency of cloud depth on the Froude number calculated with mountain width, U/(aN), plays an important role in determining the effective microphysical timescale.
Combustion Efficiencies of Supersonic Flames

Measuredvaluesofcombustionefe ciencyc,whichquantifytheamountofhydrogenfuelthatremainsunburned because the fuel has insufe cient residence time in the reaction zone of a supersonic e ame, are reported. Trends are reported as the fuel e ow rate and the stagnation temperature are systematically varied. The combustion efe ciency measurementsareneededtoassesschemistrysubmodelsofnumericalsimulationsofsupersonice ames.Ahydrogen jet e ameisstabilized on theaxis of a Mach 2.5 windtunnel,andto explain why somefuel remainsunburned images were obtained of the fuel concentration and the OH radical concentration using planar laser-induced e uorescence. Increasing the fuel e ow rate (and overall fuel-air equivalence ratio from 0.034 to 0.068 ) is found to increase the combustion efe ciency and the e ame length. It is believed that the increased residence time of fuel in the longer e ames causes the observed increase in efe ciency. The increase the combustion efe ciency caused by an increase in thestagnation temperatureis quantie ed. Obliqueshock waves wereadded and werefound to decrease combustion efe ciency if the waves are positioned to create a radial oute ow of fuel away from the OH radical zone, which reduces the residence time.
A novel instantaneous frequency measurement scheme with high precision assisted by photonics

In modern complex battlefield environment, it is important to obtain the frequency spectrum precisely. We propose an operational method of instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) assisted by photonics, which can achieve high precision based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), giving the credit to the narrow linewidth of gain spectrum of SBS. By setting the scanning frequency, the amplitude comparison function (ACF) can be formed in the narrow lineband based on SBS effect. And the measurement of full frequency band is realized through a reference signal, the measured frequency range is limited only by photoelectric device. Estimation of multiple RFs can also be achieved with a resolution of 250MHz. In the numerical simulation, the average measurement error less than 1MHz is achieved in this scheme.
On searches for periodic pulsed emission - The Rayleigh test compared to epoch folding

The Rayleigh test has been recently invoked as a method of searching a time series for periodic pulsations. In this paper, this technique is discussed and compared to epoch folding, a technique which has had widespread use in X-ray astronomy. It is found that the Rayleigh test provides a more sensitive approach to the search for periodic pulsations when the pulses are sinusoidal or of broad duty cycle, such as those typical of the pulsing X-ray sources. Epoch folding, on the other hand, is more sensitive to the narrow pulses typical of radio pulsars.
Ventricular Septal Rupture—The Resurgence of a Post-Myocardial Infarction Dreadful Complication during COVID-19 Pandemic

In the midst of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, an 84-year-old female patient was admitted due to non-exertional syncope preceded by retrosternal pain. She had experienced a prolonged episode of oppressive chest pain 6 days before her presentation, but due to the concern of contracting COVID-19, she did not present for medical care. Upon admission to the emergency department, the patient was in circulatory shock, with her physical examination being remarkable for the presence of a holosystolic murmur. Admission electrocardiogram revealed an inferior ST-segment elevation with Q waves with extension to the posterior wall, consistent with subacute infarct in the right coronary artery (RCA) territory, and the patient was transferred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Upon arrival to the catheterization laboratory, a summary transthoracic echocardiogram was performed, which revealed inferior wall and infero-septal akinesia with an 18 mm ventricular septal rupture. Coronary angiography documented occlusion of the proximal segment of a dominant RCA. Due to a high perioperative risk, the patient underwent successful retrograde percutaneous closure with a 24 mm MemoPart™ device, with mild to moderate residual shunt. Despite an immediate clinical improvement, the patient died 12 hours after the procedure due to refractory cardiogenic shock.
A Study on Determining the Shape of Small Axial Cracks by using Magnetic Flux Leakage in NDT System for Underground Pipe

MFL PIG (Magnetic Flux Leakage Pipeline Inspection Gauge) is called the system which detects the defect for underground pipelines by using magnetic flux leakage method in nondestructive testing. This method is very suitable for testing pipelines because pipeline has high magnetic permeability. MFL PIG generates the magnetic fields to the pipe axially oriented, and detect the signal of leakage flux by using hall sensor. However, MFL PIG is hard to detect the axially oriented crack with small size because the magnetic flux leakage is not enough to be occurred. To detect the small size and axially oriented crack, the circumferential MFL (CMFL) PIG is being proposed and it can maximize the leakage flux for the axial crack by performing magnetic fields circumferentially on the pipe. In this paper, CMFL PIG is applied to detect the axially oriented crack with small size and the analysis for the distribution and the amplitude of the leakage flux signal is performed by using three dimensional finite element method. From sensing signals, the method how to determine the shape of axially oriented cracks is proposed and verified with experiment.
Exact seismic velocities for VTI and HTI media and extendedThomsen Formulas for stronger anisotropies

I explore a different type of approximation to the exact anisotropic wave velocities as a function of incidence angle in vertically transversely isotropic (VTI) media. This method extends the Thomsen weak anisotropy approach to stronger anisotropy without significantly affecting the simplicity of the formulas. One important improvement is that the peak of the quasi-SV-wave speed vsv(theta) is located at the correct incidence angle theta= theta max, rather than always being at the position theta = 45o, which universally holds for Thomsen's approximation although max theta = 45o is actually never correct for any VTI anisotropic medium. The magnitudes of all the wave speeds are also more closely approximated for all values of the incidence angle. Furthermore, the value of theta max (which is needed in the new formulas) can be deduced from the same data that are typically used in the weak anisotropy data analysis. The two examples presented are based on systems having vertical fractures. The first set of model fractures has their axes of symmetry randomly oriented in the horizontal plane. Such a system is then isotropic in the horizontal plane and, therefore, exhibits vertical transverse isotropic (VTI) symmetry. The second set of fractures also has axes of symmetry in the horizontal plane, but it is assumed these axes are aligned so that the system exhibits horizontal transverse isotropic (HTI) symmetry. Both types of systems are easily treated with the new wave speed formulation.
Measurements of electron parallel‐momentum distributions using cyclotron wave transmission*

Practical aspects of the implementation of cyclotron wave transmission diagnostics are considered in three specific areas. Questions raised by the calculation of the diagnostic resolution and sensitivity, elimination of reflections through swept frequency and phase‐coherent detection, and correcting for the effects of wave refraction through the use of equivalent rays are addressed. Results of preliminary tests and experiments as well as comments on future implementations are used to illustrate the discussion.
Identification of Two z ~ 3·8 QSOs in a Deep CCD Survey

Abstract We present the identifications of two z ~ 3·8 quasars from a deep UBI imaging survey with the Palomar 5·1 m Telescope. The survey covers an area of 0·25 degree2 around a sample of ten z =0·2–0·3 luminous X-ray clusters. The QSOs were identified on the basis of their stellar morphologies, relatively blue optical and very red UV–optical colours. The two objects are Q 1322+5034, with total magnitudes of B =20·8, I =18·3 and (U–B) > 4·7, and Q 1722+3211, which has total magnitudes of B =21·8, I =19·7 and (U–B) > 3·2. Subsequent spectroscopic observations with the 4·2 m William Herschel Telescope have confirmed the identity of these two sources as QSOs at z =3·82 and z =3·73 respectively. Our spectroscopic observations identify a damped Lyman-α absorber in the spectrum of Q 1322+5034 at z =3·439, as well as a second absorption system at z =2·700, which may be either a single very high column density, damped Lyman-α system, or more likely a blend of a number of high column-density absorbers spread over a distance of ~10 Mpc.
A low density molecular cloud in the vicinity of the Pleiades.

The central region of a small, low density molecular cloud, which lies to the south of the Pleiades cluster, has been studied through the use of molecular line observations. Column densities for CH, OH, /sup 12/CO, and /sup 13/CO are derived from the radio data. The CH and OH data yield a visual extinction through the center of the cloud of about 3 mag. The ratio of the antenna temperatures for the OH main lines is consistent with optically thin emission; therefore, the OH results are a good indication of the total extinction through the optically thin emission; therefore, the OH results are a good indication of the total extinction through the cloud. The analysis of the carbon monoxide data produces a relatively high kinetic temperature of at least 20 K, a low total gas density of approx.300-500 cm/sup -3/, and a column density of approx.4 x 10/sup 17/ cm/sup -2/ for /sup 12/CO. Thus this small molecular cloud is not typical of the molecular material generally studied in Taurus.
The Iron K Line as a Probe of Beamed X-Ray Emission in Active Galactic Nuclei

We consider the use of the Fe K line in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) as a test of whether significant beaming of the hard X-ray emission is important or not. If the emission is highly anisotropic a narrow Fe K line is expected due to fluorescence in the broad-line region (BLR), with an equivalent width comparable to that expected from fluorescence in an X-ray illuminated accretion disk, even if the covering factor of the BLR is only ∼10%. In that case some of the brighter AGNs will have a resolvable two-component Fe K line composed of a narrow and broad feature, whilst the fainter AGNs will be observed to have predominantly narrow lines
Misorientation dependence of Al2O3 grain boundary thermal resistance

The room-temperature thermal resistance of model low-angle (0001) twist bicrystal Al2O3 grain boundaries was measured as a function of misorientation angle using the 3ω thermal conductivity testing technique. The work yields interfacial thermal resistances of 0.44 × 10−8, 1.2 × 10−8, and 1.54 × 10−8 Km2 W−1 for the ∼1.3°, ∼8.0°, and ∼13° twist grain boundaries, respectively. The interfacial thermal resistance correlates with the grain boundary energy calculated from the Read-Shockley model. The results indicate significant anisotropy in the Kapitza resistance whose magnitude is dominated by local structural defects at the grain boundary rather than spectral mismatch between grains.
Method for determining the electron number in charge-coupled measurement devices

The conversion factor in a CCD device is determined by the photon transfer technique in a region where pure shot noise is not dominating, i.e., where noise of the readout electronics must be taken into account. The method is based on the measurement of the noise standard deviation, dependent on the intensity of the signal and the fifing of a simple model incorporating shot noise and signal-independent noise. The result is a linear equation system. From its solution the conversion factor and the standard deviation of the signal-independent noise of the device are determined. The mean number of generated charges is determined from the measured mean signal by means of the estimated conversion factor.
Photocatalytic Activity of the V2O5 Catalyst toward Selected Pharmaceuticals and Their Mixture: Influence of the Molecular Structure on the Efficiency of the Process

Due to the inability of conventional wastewater treatment procedures to remove organic pharmaceutical pollutants, active pharmaceutical components remain in wastewater and even reach tap water. In terms of pharmaceutical pollutants, the scientific community focuses on β-blockers due to their extensive (over)usage and moderately high solubility. In this study, the photocatalytic activity of V2O5 was investigated through the degradation of nadolol (NAD), pindolol (PIN), metoprolol (MET), and their mixture under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in water. For the preparation of V2O5, facile hydrothermal synthesis was used. The structural, morphological, and surface properties and purity of synthesized V2O5 powder were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray, and Raman spectroscopy. SEM micrographs showed hexagonal-shaped platelets with well-defined morphology of materials with diameters in the range of 10–65 µm and thickness of around a few microns. X-ray diffraction identified only one crystalline phase in the sample. The Raman scattering measurements taken on the catalyst confirmed the result of XRPD. Degradation kinetics were monitored by ultra-fast liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The results showed that in individual solutions, photocatalytic degradation of MET and NAD was relatively insignificant (<10%). However, in the PIN case, the degradation was significant (64%). In the mixture, the photodegradation efficiency of MET and NAD slightly increased (15% and 13%). Conversely, it reduced the PIN to the still satisfactory value of 40%. Computational analysis based on molecular and periodic density functional theory calculations was used to complement our experimental findings. Calculations of the average local ionization energy indicate that the PIN is the most reactive of all three considered molecules in terms of removing an electron from it.
Formation of structure in a universe with unstable neutrinos

On discute de l'influence possible de l'instabilite des neutrinos massifs vis-a-vis des desintegrations ν H →ν L +μ(f) sur les processus de formation de la structure dans l'Univers. On montre que, pour des parametres compatibles avec les previsions de la physique des particules, on peut diminuer la densite des «crepes» de neutrinos de 10-20 fois par rapport au modele standard