Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PETROLEUM SYSTEMS IN THE AUSTRIAN SECTOR OF THE NORTH ALPINE FORELAND BASIN: AN OVERVIEW

Two separate petroleum systems have been identified in the Austrian sector of the North Alpine Foreland Basin: a lower Oligocene – Cenomanian/Eocene oil and thermogenic gas system; and an Oligocene‐Miocene microbial gas system. Recent studies by both academic and industry‐based research groups have resulted in an improved understanding of these petroleum systems, which are reviewed in this paper.
Wnt/β-catenin signalling regulates Sox17 expression and is essential for organizer and endoderm formation in the mouse

Several signalling cascades are implicated in the formation and patterning of the three principal germ layers, but their precise temporal-spatial mode of action in progenitor populations remains undefined. We have used conditional gene deletion of mouse β-catenin in Sox17-positive embryonic and extra-embryonic endoderm as well as vascular endothelial progenitors to address the function of canonical Wnt signalling in cell lineage formation and patterning. Conditional mutants fail to form anterior brain structures and exhibit posterior body axis truncations, whereas initial blood vessel formation appears normal. Tetraploid rescue experiments reveal that lack of β-catenin in the anterior visceral endoderm results in defects in head organizer formation. Sox17 lineage tracing in the definitive endoderm (DE) shows a cell-autonomous requirement for β-catenin in midgut and hindgut formation. Surprisingly, wild-type posterior visceral endoderm (PVE) in midgut- and hindgut-deficient tetraploid chimera rescues the posterior body axis truncation, indicating that the PVE is important for tail organizer formation. Upon loss of β-catenin in the visceral endoderm and DE lineages, but not in the vascular endothelial lineage, Sox17 expression is not maintained, suggesting downstream regulation by canonical Wnt signalling. Strikingly, Tcf4/β-catenin transactivation complexes accumulated on Sox17 cis-regulatory elements specifically upon endoderm induction in an embryonic stem cell differentiation system. Together, these results indicate that the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway regulates Sox17 expression for visceral endoderm pattering and DE formation and provide the first functional evidence that the PVE is necessary for gastrula organizer gene induction and posterior axis development.
A coupling translation network for change detection in heterogeneous images

ABSTRACT Based on the images acquired through different sensors, change detection is much more challenging than those based on homogeneous images. The main reason behind it is that the heterogeneous image-pair cannot be directly compared in original observation space due to their distinct statistical properties. In order to detect the changes, we establish a coupling variational autoencoder (VAE) to transform the heterogeneous images into a shared-latent space, where they have more consistent representations and hence the prior changed regions can be highlighted by direct comparison. And based on the shared space, we build coupled generative adversarial networks (GANs) associated with the coupling VAE to translate the heterogeneous images into homogeneous, from which more accurate change detection results can be obtained in their common observation spaces. The proposed framework is totally unsupervised, and the experimental results on real heterogeneous data sets demonstrate its superiority over some other existing algorithms.
MODULATING THE TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT TO IMPROVE RADIOTHERAPY

Radiotherapy can ablate vascular tissue, but the antiangiogenic effect is counteracted by upregulation of endogenous proangiogenic signals, particularly vascular endothelial growth factor. This effect, which has long been a concern in oncology, is relevant to a discussion of radiation for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In oncology, a broad array of agents that target growth factors and receptors is being actively studied for the potential to enhance the activity of radiation in controlling malignancies. Progress with such combinations in oncology may be relevant to parallel strategies for treating and containing neovascularization in AMD and other retinal diseases.
The meaning of long-term caregiving for patients with frontal lobe dementia

Nursing staff that work with patients with frontal lobe dementia (FLD) experience challenges that may lead to physical and psychiatric distress. The aim of this study was to capture the feelings, experiences, and reflections of the health staff regarding interactions with and caring for patients with FLD and to highlight what it means for health staff to care for patients with FLD through their daily work. This is a qualitative study with a phenomenological hermeneutic approach. Ten health staff members who work with patients with FLD were interviewed using semistructered interviews. The focus during the interview was the experiences of the staff through their everyday work. The interviews were recorded and then transcribed verbatim. The material was analyzed using a phenomenological hermeneutic approach. The result of the study identifies three themes that highlight the meaning of caregiving for patients with FLD, that is, being aware of the relationship with the patients, being insecure, and being safe. The patients’ unpredictable behaviour puts the relationship between the staff and the patients on trial. It is essential in caregiving to see the human behind the disease and the behaviour. The interest of finding new solutions in the caregiving is awakened through the relation with the patients, through reflections with colleagues, external guidance and by support from the staff leader.
Survival and organ involvement in patients with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis and anti-topoisomerase-I antibodies: determined by skin subtype or auto-antibody subtype? A long-term follow-up study.

OBJECTIVE LcSSc is associated with ACAs and a mild course, whereas dcSSc is associated with anti-topoisomerase antibodies (ATAs) and a more severe course. However, ATAs are also present in lcSSc. Little is known about survival and organ involvement in this subgroup. The aim of this study is to determine whether survival and organ involvement of lcSSc ATA-positive patients differs from lcSSc ATA-negative or dcSSc ATA-positive patients. Furthermore, transition from lcSSc to dcSSc was evaluated. METHODS Data from The Nijmegen Systemic Sclerosis cohort were used, with up to 15 years of follow-up. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed for survival and organ involvement, including interstitial lung disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension, cardiac involvement and Scleroderma Renal Crises. Cox proportional hazard modelling was performed to adjust for confounders. RESULTS A total of 460 patients were included: 58 (13%) lcSSc ATA-positive patients, 237 (52%) lcSSc ATA-negative patients and 78 (17%) dcSSc ATA-positive patients. Cumulative survival in lcSSc ATA-positive patients was 75%, in lcSSc ATA-negative patients 58% and in dcSSc ATA-positive patients 53%. Interstitial lung disease was more prevalent in lcSSc ATA-positive patients (49%) than in lcSSc ATA-negative patients (25%), but less than in dcSSc ATA-positive patients (60%). Forty-eight patients developed dcSSc: 24 ATA-negative and 24 ATA-positive (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION LcSSc ATA-positive patients differ from lcSSc ATA-negative patients and dcSSc ATA-positive patients concerning survival and organ involvement. LcSSc patients who are ATA-positive are more likely to develop dcSSc than lcSSc patients who are ATA negative.
Establishing Mutually Trusted Channels for Remote Sensing Devices with Trusted Execution Environments

Remote and largely unattended sensing devices are being deployed rapidly in sensitive environments, such as healthcare, in the home, and on corporate premises. A major challenge, however, is trusting data from such devices to inform critical decision-making using standardised trust mechanisms. Previous attempts have focused heavily on Trusted Platform Modules (TPMs) as a root of trust, but these forgo desirable features of recent developments, namely Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs), such as Intel SGX and the GlobalPlatform TEE. In this paper, we contrast the application of TEEs in trusted sensing devices with TPMs, and raise the challenge of secure TEE-to-TEE communication between remote devices with mutual trust assurances. To this end, we present a novel secure and trusted channel protocol that performs mutual remote attestation in a single run for small-scale devices with TEEs. This is evaluated on two ARM development boards hosting GlobalPlatform-compliant TEEs, yielding approximately four-times overhead versus untrusted world TLS and SSH. Our work provides strong resilience to integrity and confidentiality attacks from untrusted world adversaries, facilitates TEE interoperability, and is subjected to mechanical formal analysis using Scyther.
Association between Chronic Arsenic Exposure and Nutritional Status among the Women of Child Bearing Age: A Case-Control Study in Bangladesh

The role of nutritional factors in arsenic metabolism and toxicity is yet to be fully elucidated. A low protein diet results in decreased excretion of DMA and increased tissue retention of arsenic in experimental studies. Malnourished women carry a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Chronic exposure to high arsenic (>50 μg/L) through drinking water also increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The synergistic effects (if any) of malnutrition and chronic arsenic exposure may worsen the adverse pregnancy outcomes. This population based case control study reports the association between chronic arsenic exposure and nutritional status among the rural women in Bangladesh. 348 cases (BMI < 18.5) and 360 controls (BMI 18.5–24.99) were recruited from a baseline survey conducted among 2,341 women. An excess risk for malnutrition was observed among the participants chronically exposed to higher concentrations of arsenic in drinking water after adjusting for potential confounders such as participant’s age, religion, education, monthly household income and history of oral contraceptive pills. Women exposed to arsenic >50 μg/L were at 1.9 times (Odds Ratio = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.1–3.6) increased risk of malnutrition compared to unexposed. The findings of this study suggest that chronic arsenic exposure is likely to contribute to poor nutritional status among women of 20–45 years.
Evaluation of quality-related characteristics and yield in winter forage pea varieties.

In 2010–2011 г. the Second Experimental Field of the Institute of Forage Crops– Pleven, was carried out field trial with seven (Mir, Pleven 10, Fenn, Austrian winter pea, E.F.B.33, Uzbetskij 71 and Chlumecka fialova) winter pea (Pisum sativum L.) varieties from the pea collection. Variety Mir 4 was used as a standard. A biochemical assessment of the aboveground biomass of the varieties was made by the following characteristics: content of crude protein, crude fiber, calcium, phosphorus and water soluble sugars. The results of the study showed that, with the highest green mass yield and crude protein in phenological stage–full pod formation stage are varieties Pleven 10, E.F. B.33 and Chlumecka fialova and grain yield and crude protein Fenn and Austrian winter pea. At both phenological stages of the development of the plants Chlumecka fialova was characterized with high content of crude protein and low of crude fiber. The highest content of the water soluble sugars in aboveground biomass was established in variety Uzbetskij 71. At phenological stage the full pod formation were established correlational relationships– positive between crude protein and phosphorus (r = 0.653) and negative between crude protein and crude fiber (r = –0.589), phosphorus and crude fiber (r = –0.585). Keyword: aboveground biomass, biochemical assessment, winter forage pea
Hybridization, ecological races and the nature of species: empirical evidence for the ease of speciation

Species are generally viewed by evolutionists as ‘real’ distinct entities in nature, making speciation appear difficult. Charles Darwin had originally promoted a very different uniformitarian view that biological species were continuous with ‘varieties’ below the level of species and became distinguishable from them only when divergent natural selection led to gaps in the distribution of morphology. This Darwinian view on species came under immediate attack, and the consensus among evolutionary biologists today appears to side more with the ideas of Ernst Mayr and Theodosius Dobzhansky, who argued 70 years ago that Darwin was wrong about species. Here, I show how recent genetic studies of supposedly well-behaved animals, such as insects and vertebrates, including our own species, have supported the existence of the Darwinian continuum between varieties and species. Below the level of species, there are well-defined ecological races, while above the level of species, hybridization still occurs, and may often lead to introgression and, sometimes, hybrid speciation. This continuum is evident, not only across vast geographical regions, but also locally in sympatry. The existence of this continuum provides good evidence for gradual evolution of species from ecological races and biotypes, to hybridizing species and, ultimately, to species that no longer cross. Continuity between varieties and species not only provides an excellent argument against creationism, but also gives insight into the process of speciation. The lack of a hiatus between species and ecological races suggests that speciation may occur, perhaps frequently, in sympatry, and the abundant intermediate stages suggest that it is happening all around us. Speciation is easy!
Guidelines for Adolescent Depression in Primary Care (GLAD-PC): Part II. Treatment and Ongoing Management

OBJECTIVES: To update clinical practice guidelines to assist primary care (PC) in the screening and assessment of depression. In this second part of the updated guidelines, we address treatment and ongoing management of adolescent depression in the PC setting. METHODS: By using a combination of evidence- and consensus-based methodologies, the guidelines were updated in 2 phases as informed by (1) current scientific evidence (published and unpublished) and (2) revision and iteration among the steering committee, including youth and families with lived experience. RESULTS: These updated guidelines are targeted for youth aged 10 to 21 years and offer recommendations for the management of adolescent depression in PC, including (1) active monitoring of mildly depressed youth, (2) treatment with evidence-based medication and psychotherapeutic approaches in cases of moderate and/or severe depression, (3) close monitoring of side effects, (4) consultation and comanagement of care with mental health specialists, (5) ongoing tracking of outcomes, and (6) specific steps to be taken in instances of partial or no improvement after an initial treatment has begun. The strength of each recommendation and the grade of its evidence base are summarized. CONCLUSIONS: The Guidelines for Adolescent Depression in Primary Care cannot replace clinical judgment, and they should not be the sole source of guidance for adolescent depression management. Nonetheless, the guidelines may assist PC clinicians in the management of depressed adolescents in an era of great clinical need and a shortage of mental health specialists. Additional research concerning the management of depressed youth in PC is needed, including the usability, feasibility, and sustainability of guidelines, and determination of the extent to which the guidelines actually improve outcomes of depressed youth.
Perioperative Venous Thromboembolism: A Review

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant problem in the perioperative period, increasing patient morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. It is also considered the most preventable of the major postoperative complications. Despite widespread adoption of prophylaxis guidelines, it appears that morbidity from the disease has not substantially changed within the past 2 decades. It is becoming clear that current prophylaxis efforts are not sufficient. Using more potent anticoagulants may decrease the incidence of VTE, but increase the risk for bleeding and infection. Much has been learned about the pathophysiology of venous thrombogenesis in recent years. Beyond the “traditional coagulation cascade,” which anticoagulants modulate, there is a growing appreciation for the roles of tissue factor, monocytes, neutrophils, neutrophil extracellular traps, microvesicles, and platelets in thrombus initiation and propagation. These recent studies explain to some degree why aspirin appears to be remarkably effective in preventing thrombus propagation. Endothelial dysfunction, traditionally thought of as a risk factor for arterial thrombosis, plays an important role within the cusps of venous valves, a unique environment where the majority of venous thrombi originate. This suggests a role for newer treatment modalities such as statins. Not all patients have an equal likelihood of experiencing a VTE, even when undergoing high-risk procedures, and better tools are required to accurately predict VTE risk. Only then will we be able to effectively individualize prophylaxis by balancing the risks for VTE against the risks associated with treatment. Given the different cell types and pathways involved in thrombogenesis, it is likely that multimodal treatment regimens will be more effective, enabling the use of lower and safer doses of hemostatic modulating therapies such as anticoagulants, antithrombotics, and antiplatelet medications.
Comparison of Two Strategies to Reduce Ventricular Pacing in Pacemaker Patients

Background: Managed Ventricular Pacing (MVP) and Search AV+ (SAV+) are two pacing algorithms designed to reduce ventricular pacing. MVP promotes conduction by operating in AAI/R mode with backup ventricular pacing during atrioventricular block (AVB). SAV+ operates in DDD/R mode with a nominal AV extension of 290 ms during atrial sensing and 320 ms during atrial pacing. The reduction in ventricular pacing was compared with these two algorithms in pacemaker patients.
On the non-exponential decay to equilibrium of solutions of nonlinear scalar Volterra integro-differential equations

We study the rate of decay of solutions of the scalar nonlinear Volterra equation x′(t) = −f(x(t)) + ∫ t 0 k(t − s)g(x(s)) ds, x(0) = x0 which satisfy x(t) → 0 as t → ∞. We suppose that xg(x) > 0 for all x 6= 0, and that f and g are continuous, continuously differentiable in some interval (−δ1, δ1) and f(0) = 0, g(0) = 0. Also, k is a continuous, positive, and integrable function, which is assumed to be subexponential in the sense that k(t − s)/k(t) → 1 as t → ∞ uniformly for s in compact intervals. The principal result of the paper asserts that x(t) cannot converge to 0 as t → ∞ faster than k(t).
Wind induced impacts on hypolimnetic temperature and thermal structure of Candlewood Lake (Connecticut, U.S.A.) from 1985–2015

Correspondence Peter A. Siver Email: pasiv@conncoll.edu Climate change has affected freshwater lakes in many ways, including shifts in thermal structure, stability, ice cover, annual mixing regimes and length of the growing season, all of which impact ecosystem structure and function. We examine the impacts climate variables, especially wind speed, had on water temperature and thermal stratification at three sites in Candlewood Lake (Connecticut, U.S.A.) between 1985 and 2015. Despite the lack of regional time-related trends in air temperature or precipitation over the 31 year period, there was a significant decline in wind speed during spring and summer months, with a mean decline of 31% over the study period. Even though a wide range in mean July epilimnetic temperature (22.8–28.2°C) was observed, there was no trend over time. In contrast, a significant cooling trend was recorded for the hypolimnion that was highly correlated with the declining wind speed. Decreasing wind speed was also correlated with an increase in the strength of the thermocline estimated from maximum RTRM values. Despite the lack of a warming trend in surface waters over the entire study period, the strength of summer thermal stability estimated using total RTRM scores was highly correlated with epilimnetic temperature. The potential consequences of declining wind speed, a cooling hypolimnion, and a stronger thermocline are discussed.
Nickel Solubility and Precipitation in Soils: A Thermodynamic Study

The formation of mixed-metal-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) phases similar to hydrotalcite has been identified as a significant mechanism for immobilization of trace metals in some environmental systems. These precipitate phases become increasingly stable as they age, and their formation may therefore be an important pathway for sequestration of toxic metals in contaminated soils. However, the lack of thermodynamic data for LDH phases makes it difficult to model their behavior in natural systems. In this work, enthalpies of formation for Ni LDH phases with nitrate and sulfate interlayers were determined and compared to recently published data on carbonate interlayer LDHs. Differences in the identity of the anion interlayer resulted in substantial changes in the enthalpies of formation of the LDH phases, in the order of increasing enthalpy carbonate<sulfate<nitrate. Substitution of silica for carbonate resulted in an even more exothermic enthalpy of formation, confirming that silica substitution increases the stability of LDH precipitates. Both mechanical mixture and solid-solution models could be used to predict the thermodynamic properties of the LDH phases. Modeling results based on these thermodynamic data indicated that the formation of LDH phases on soil mineral substrates decreased Ni solubility compared to Ni(OH)2 over pH 5–9 when soluble Al is present in the soil substrate. Over time, both of these precipitate phases will transform to more stable Ni phyllosilicates.
Large and Small Dendritic Spines Serve Different Interacting Functions in Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Homeostasis

The laying down of memory requires strong stimulation resulting in specific changes in synaptic strength and corresponding changes in size of dendritic spines. Strong stimuli can also be pathological, causing a homeostatic response, depressing and shrinking the synapse to prevent damage from too much Ca2+ influx. But do all types of dendritic spines serve both of these apparently opposite functions? Using confocal microscopy in organotypic slices from mice expressing green fluorescent protein in hippocampal neurones, the size of individual spines along sections of dendrite has been tracked in response to application of tetraethylammonium. This strong stimulus would be expected to cause both a protective homeostatic response and long-term potentiation. We report separation of these functions, with spines of different sizes reacting differently to the same strong stimulus. The immediate shrinkage of large spines suggests a homeostatic protective response during the period of potential danger. In CA1, long-lasting growth of small spines subsequently occurs consolidating long-term potentiation but only after the large spines return to their original size. In contrast, small spines do not change in dentate gyrus where potentiation does not occur. The separation in time of these changes allows clear functional differentiation of spines of different sizes.