Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in tissues of normal and Ehrlich-Lettré ascites tumor-bearing Swiss mice.

Summary This study characterizes the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme electrophoretic patterns and total activities of brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, skeletal muscle, small intestine, spleen, testes, and ventral abdominal wall in healthy Swiss mice and in mice with advanced Ehrlich-Lettre ascites tumor. In addition, the total LDH activity and isoenzyme patterns of the ascites tumor cell itself and of its subcellular fractions were investigated. The LDH isoenzyme patterns of mouse tissues are quite different and migrate more anodally at pH 8.6 than do the LDH isoenzymes of other animal species. Several of the tissues from mice, especially liver, spleen, and erythrocytes, have more LDH5 (subscripts represent isoenzymes, with negativity increasing with decreasing value of subscript) than do these tissues from other animals. Erythrocytes have LDH5 almost exclusively. The testes have a high percentage of LDHX. Liver, spleen, and testes from tumorous mice have more total LDH and abdominal wall has less LDH than do the same tissues from control mice. The tumor cells have a large complement of LDH, mostly LDH5, with small amounts of LDH4 in the mitochondria. Liver cell mitochondria and microsomes also have mostly LDH5, with small amounts of LDH4 and even less of LDH3 and LDH2. Relative thermal stability determinations on the isoenzymes in kidney and heart showed LDH5 and LDH1 to be the most stable, with LDH4, LDH2, and LDH3 being somewhat less stable.
The Performance of Savings and Investments in Russia

This article analyses the problem of economic growth in transition countries. It is argued that growth in transition economies is investment-driven. The saving ratio and balance of payments are two factors among several, which can limit economic growth, and we concentrate on these issues, using flow of funds accounts in our analysis. We find that there is no limitation for investment-driven growth in Russia, at least in the short and middle term. Enterprises are the most important savers, and private savings are concentrated in the fuel sector, transport and in trade and catering. Hence, the investment decisions of these industries determine Russia's macroeconomic performance.
Assessing the consequences of restructuring reforms on firms’ performance

This paper assesses the restructuring of the Spanish electric power sector by analysing the performance of electric companies. To this end, we jointly analyse the creation and decomposition of the economic value generated by them before and after the reform, and its distribution among firms’ stakeholders. Our results show that after the reform (i) the economic value created by productivity has substantially increased; (ii) technical change and change in the degree of vertical integration have been the main drivers of productivity change; (iii) the value transferred to consumers has decreased.
Consumer Attitudes and Acceptance of CLA‐Enriched Dairy Products

"Consumers have increasingly recognized the link between health and diet, and are taking special interest in functional foods that promise to enhance health and reduce the risk of diseases. Milk, an excellent source of essential nutrients, as well as an ideal carrier of healthy functional ingredients, holds promise for the development of functional foods. A variety of functional milk products have been launched into the market, such as yogurt, milk, butter and cheese fortified with vitamins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which may help reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, and obesity, is naturally found in milk. The dairy industry is working actively with scientists to develop CLA-enriched dairy products to serve Canadian consumers. This study examines consumers' attitudes toward CLA-enriched products, and identifies several key factors that may help determine consumers' acceptance of these products. The information obtained from this study is useful for the dairy industry to develop marketing strategies for CLA and other functional milk products. " Copyright 2006 Canadian Agricultural Economics Society.
Effect of tirofiban plus clopidogrel and aspirin on primary percutaneous coronary intervention via transradial approach in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND Aspirin and clopidogrel can improve myocardial reperfusion and alleviate myocardial injury during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Whether the addition of intravenous tirofiban during this procedure produces further benefit has not been clarified in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. We evaluated this on STEMI patients who underwent primary PCI (p-PCI) via transradial artery approach. METHODS Consecutive patients were randomized into tirofiban group (n=72) or placebo group (n=78). Angiographic analysis included initial and final thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade (TFG), corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC) and TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG) of the thrombotic vessel. Platelet aggregation rate (PAR), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), CPK isoenzyme MB (CPK-MB) and troponin I levels were measured and TIMI definitions were used to assess bleeding complications. Left ventricular performance parameters were investigated with equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were followed up for 6 months. RESULTS The cases of TFG 0 and 1 before PCI, TFG 0 when first crossing of guide wire were less, and the cases of TFG 3 after PCI was more in tirofiban group than those in placebo group. The final CTFC was fewer and the incidence of no reflow phenomenon was lower, as well the percentage of final TFG 3 was higher in tirofiban group than those in placebo group (all P<0.05). Mean peak CPK-MB was significantly lower, while the left ventricular performance parameters 1 week after PCI were much more improved in tirofiban group than those in the placebo group. PAR was significantly decreased shortly after tirofiban infusion. The incidence of 6-month MACE in tirofiban group was obviously lower than that in the placebo group. No statistical difference was noted between the two groups with regard to bleeding complications. CONCLUSIONS Intravenous tirofiban infusion, in addition to aspirin and clopidogrel in STEMI patients with p-PCI via transradial artery access, can quickly inhibit platelet aggregation, loosen occlusive thrombus, improve myocardial reperfusion and reduce incidence of MACE with few complications of vessel access and bleeding.
Knowledge codification and organisational performance in small and medium enterprises

Academics and business professionals are currently showing a significant interest in understanding the management of knowledge and the roles to be played by information and communication technology. This article explores the concept of knowledge codification in the context of knowledge management. Codification gives permanence to knowledge that may otherwise exist only inside an individual's mind. It represents knowledge in the forms that can be shared, stored, combined and manipulated in a variety of ways. The article provides data related to one of the key researched topics in knowledge management – knowledge codification. The research was done in 511 small and medium enterprises in Poland. Questionnaires were administered to managers. According to presented research, the small and medium enterprises do not put enough attention to knowledge codification.
Nativity, Race-Ethnicity, and Dual Diagnosis among US Adults.

Purpose This study investigated disparities in dual diagnosis (comorbid substance-use and depressive/anxiety disorders) among US adults by nativity and racial-ethnic origin and socioeconomic, cultural, and psychosocial factors that may account for the observed disparities. Design/methodology The study drew on data from two waves of the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Racial-ethnic categories included African, Asian/Pacific Islander, European, Mexican, Puerto Rican, and other Hispanic/Latino. Substance-use and depressive/anxiety disorders were assessed per DSM-IV. A four-category measure of comorbidity was constructed: no substance-use or psychiatric disorder; substance-use disorder only; depressive/anxiety disorder only; and, dual diagnosis. The data were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. Findings The prevalence of dual diagnosis was low but varied by nativity, with the highest rates among Europeans and Puerto-Ricans born in US states, and the lowest among Mexicans and Asians/Pacific Islanders. The nativity and racial-ethnic effects on likelihood of having dual diagnosis remained significant after all adjustments. Research limitations The limitations included measures of immigrant status, race-ethnicity, and stress and potential misdiagnosis of mental disorder among ethnic minorities. Practical and Social Implications This new knowledge will help to guide public health and health care interventions addressing immigrant mental and behavioral health gaps. Originality/value This study addressed the research gap in regard to the prevalence and correlates of dual diagnosis among immigrants and racial-ethnic minorities. The study used the most current and comprehensive data addressing psychiatric conditions among US adults and examined factors rarely captured in epidemiologic surveys (e.g., acculturation).
A Kinetic and Dynamic Analysis of Foxp3 Induced in T Cells by TGF-β1

TGF-β induces Foxp3 expression in stimulated T cells. These Foxp3+ cells (induced regulatory T cells (iTreg)) share functional and therapeutic properties with thymic-derived Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (natural regulatory T cells (nTreg)). We performed a single-cell analysis to better characterize the regulation of Foxp3 in iTreg in vitro and assess their dynamics after transfer in vivo. TGF-β up-regulated Foxp3 in CD4+Foxp3− T cells only when added within a 2- to 3-day window of CD3/CD28 stimulation. Up to 90% conversion occurred, beginning after 1–2 days of treatment. Foxp3 expression strictly required TCR stimulation but not costimulation and was independent of cell cycling. Removal of TGF-β led to a loss of Foxp3 expression after an ∼4-day lag. Most iTreg transferred into wild-type mice down-regulated Foxp3 within 2 days, and these Foxp3− cells were concentrated in the blood, spleen, lung, and liver. Few of the Foxp3− cells were detected by 28 days after transfer. However, some Foxp3+ cells persisted even to this late time point, and these preferentially localized to the lymph nodes and bone marrow. CXCR4 was preferentially expressed on Foxp3+ iTreg within the bone marrow, and CD62L was preferentially expressed on those in the lymph nodes. Like transferred nTreg and in contrast with revertant Foxp3− cells, Foxp3+ iTreg retained CD25 and glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related gene. Thus, Foxp3 expression in naïve-stimulated T cells is transient in vitro, dependent on TGF-β activity within a highly restricted window after activation and continuous TGF-β presence. In vivo, a subset of transferred iTreg persist long term, potentially providing a lasting source for regulatory activity after therapeutic administration.
Innovation, market power, and firm valuation

The government’s technology policy is an important guideline and direction for the development of technology industry in Taiwan. Taiwan government proposed a two-phase process of high-technology industrialization development and, established center-satellite factory system which has effectively enhanced cooperation on the dimension of business management, total quality management, technology transference, and financial support. This mechanism effectively upgrades the industry level and makes a significant contribution to Taiwan’s economical miracle. This study adopts Olhson’s (1995) model to explore the internal innovation of the information technology (IT) industry, from which it proceeds to observe the external behavior of the industry in terms of market power, in order to analyze how innovation and market power affect market value under keen competition. Empirical results show a positive correlation between innovation and market value of the IT industry, which indicates the importance of innovation to the development of firms and an explanatory capability outside the book values of firms. Market power indicates an insignificant correlation to market value except in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which implies the economic contribution of SMEs in Taiwan.
O subsídio cruzado às exportações de açúcar da União Européia: impacto sobre as exportações brasileiras de açúcar

Este trabalho apresenta e discute um procedimento para quantificar os efeitos dos subsidios cruzados auferidos pelas exportacoes de acucar refinado da Uniao Europeia (UE) sobre a exportacao brasileira de acucar. Estimou-se, a principio, o impacto do subsidio sobre o preco ao qual o acucar refinado e exportado pela UE. Esse efeito-preco foi associado a elasticidade-preco cruzada da demanda de importacao de acucar. A seguir, procedeu-se a simulacao da eliminacao do subsidio ao acucar na Uniao Europeia para estimar o impacto dessa mudanca sobre a demanda de importacao pelo acucar brasileiro refinado. Essa demanda de importacao foi limitada, no entanto, apenas aos mercados comuns ao Brasil e a EU, durante o periodo da analise. Esse impacto foi desagregado em termos das principais regioes produtoras do Pais, tendo-se verificado que o incremento pela importacao do acucar da regiao Centro-Sul do Brasil seria bem mais expressivo, da ordem de seis vezes superior ao estimado para a regiao Norte-Nordeste.
An Experimental Study On Adverse Selection And Moral Hazard

This paper examines adverse selection and moral hazard in the life insurance market. Using actual company data in Japan, we find evidence that life insurance companies use medical examination techniques to control problems of adverse selection in the lines of new whole life and term life insurance. After an elapse of a few years, however, the mortality index is clearly changing for the worse in our observation. Although it may depend upon disappearance of the effect of medical selection, it would be noteworthy that the mortality index in some case becomes even worse than that of people without medical examination. We conclude by saying that moral hazard, in some case, adverse selection could exert an influence on an aggravation of the mortality index.
Multiple Wage-Bargaining Systems in the Single European Currency Area

Little attention in the EMU literature has been paid to the interaction between central bank monetary rules and systems of collective wage bargaining. Analytically and empirically, coordinated wage bargaining systems respond with real wage restraint to non-accommodating monetary policy. Since wage determination is dominated by collective bargaining in all the EMU member states and wage coordination within the member states has grown since 1980, this is a topic of potential importance. In particular, the replacement of the Bundesbank, directly targeting German inflation, by an ECB targeting European inflation has removed a major institutional support of wage restraint in Germany. The consequences of this for EMU are worked out under two scenarios, that inflation expectations will be generated by ECB monetary policy and that they will reflect German inflation outcomes. Possible institutional developments are discussed including government-union bargains. The Bundesbank has also played a major role in maintaining fiscal rectitude by targeting excess fiscal deficits in Germany: again its replacement by the ECB — targeting (if at all) European rather than German fiscal policy — loosens fiscal constraints. For underlying structural reasons therefore, it is possible that Germany and other EMU countries will move to a period of fiscal activism with wage restraint and low inflation purchased through social contract negotiations.
Fiscal Sustainability And Fiscal Reaction Functions In The US And UK

Following the 2008/9 financial and economic crisis, public debt/GDP ratios in several countries rose to their highest levels in 40 years. Also in the US and the UK did the public debt/GDP ratios increase significantly, thereby putting the spotlight again on fiscal sustainability. Based on past behaviour, this article asks whether fiscal policy in these two countries is likely to be sustainable. The article investigates how the US and UK governments, by changing their deficits , react to changes in their debt positions. To do this, the article estimates fiscal reaction functions using Smooth Transition Regressions. It finds that based on past behaviour, fiscal policy in both the US and UK can be expected to remain sustainable. Based on the same past behaviour, and assuming this behaviour will continue in the future, the article also calculates the levels to which the public debt/GDP ratios in the US and UK can be expected to converge.
Postprandial renal haemodynamic effect of lixisenatide vs once‐daily insulin‐glulisine in patients with type 2 diabetes on insulin‐glargine: An 8‐week, randomised, open‐label trial

To determine whether lixisenatide, a prandial short‐acting glucagon‐like peptide receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA), ameliorates postprandial glomerular hyperfiltration in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared with insulin‐glulisine (iGlu).
Memory-Based Architecture for Multicharacter Aho–Corasick String Matching

The Aho–Corasick (AC) string matching algorithm is commonly used in signature-based intrusion detection and antivirus systems. In this paper, we present a hardware implementation of the AC algorithm that can process multiple characters per cycle. State transitions are implemented using table lookup. Hence, updates to the pattern set do not require hardware reconfiguration. A fundamental issue of multicharacter AC string matching is the transition rules explosion problem. We apply the transition rule reduction strategy such that the number of transition rules can be reduced to less than two rules per state in the finite automaton. The memory cost is further optimized by implementing the rule table as near-minimal perfect hash table. We implement the proposed method on a virtex-7 FPGA for a pattern set with 2200 Snort signatures. The normalized memory cost of our design is 13.75 bytes per character of the pattern set when four characters are processed per cycle, and the FPGA can operate at 216 MHz.
Impact of Weekday of Esophagectomy on Short-term and Long-term Oncological Outcomes: A Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study in the Netherlands

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether weekday of esophagectomy impacts 30-day mortality, and short- and long-term oncologic outcomes in esophageal cancer. Summary of background data: Recent literature suggests a relationship between the weekday of esophagectomy and overall survival. This finding could impact clinical practice, but has not yet been validated in other studies. Methods: The Netherlands Cancer Registry database (2005–2013) identified all patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. The impact of weekday on 30-day mortality, the total number of resected lymph nodes, and R0 resection rates was evaluated with multivariable logistic regression analyses and for overall survival with Cox regression analyses. Results: In total, 3840 patients were included. Weekday was not significantly associated with 30-day mortality (P > 0.05), nor the total number of resected lymph nodes (P > 0.05), nor with R0 resection rates (P > 0.05). Also, weekday did not significantly influence overall survival using weekday as discrete variable [Monday–Friday, hazard ratio (HR) 0.98, P = 0.140), as 2 weekday categories (Wednesday–Friday vs Monday–Tuesday, HR 0.97, P = 0.434), or with separate weekday categories (Tuesday vs Monday, HR 0.99, P = 0.826; Wednesday vs Monday, HR 1.06, P = 0.430; Thursday vs Monday, HR 0.92, P = 0.206; Friday vs Monday, HR 0.91, P = 0.140). Conclusions: This large population-based cohort study in the Netherlands refutes the finding from a previous report that suggests that the weekday of esophagectomy in patients diagnosed with potentially curable esophageal cancer impacts overall survival. In addition, this study demonstrates that weekday of esophagectomy does not influence other outcomes including the 30-day mortality, total number of resected lymph nodes, and R0 resection rates.
Valuation of restricted shares by conflicting shareholders in the Split Share Structure Reform

The recent Split Share Structure Reform launched by the government in the Chinese stock market terminates trading constraints on restricted shares. In exchange for the consent of freely traded shareholders, restricted shareholders offer them consideration mainly in the form of restricted shares. We estimate the implied discount of restricted shares to be 38.22% on average, which is in line with the empirical and theoretical findings in the literature, suggesting that the consideration is not systematically underpaid and the reform is fair at the market level. At the firm level, however, freely traded shareholders receive less consideration when their bargaining power is weaker. The impact of state shareholders on the size of consideration has been found to be non-monotonic. Consistent with the literature that state shareholders exaggerate the agency problem, they tend to exploit freely traded shareholders by offering less consideration when the latter's bargaining power is weaker. Meanwhile, state shareholders are under political pressure to carry out the reform as quickly as possible and to set a good example for other firms. They therefore refrain from offering underpaid consideration when their freely traded counterparts have strong bargaining power and are more capable of rejecting unfair schemes and substantially delaying the progress of the reform.
Web 2.0 in Government: Why and How?

Since 2003, a new wave of web-based applications, which now go under the name of web 2.0, have been launched with very little investment and have encountered dramatic success in terms of take-up. These applications rely on the concept of the user as a producer: of content (blog, wiki, Flickr), of taste/emotion (Last.fm, de.li.cious), of contacts (MySpace), and of reputation/feedback (eBay, TripAdvisor). This report looks at how these applications are used and can be used in government-related activities. Based on a survey of existing initiatives in the public and private sector, it argues that web 2.0 applications affect both front and back office activities, such as: regulation, cross-agency collaboration, knowledge management, service provision, political participation and transparency, and law enforcement. For each of these domains, it spells out the key implications and analyzes existing cases. Finally, it draws some lessons to be learnt from existing cases, as well as possible policy options for government. Overall, web 2.0 is already used in many areas of government activity, often without the authorisation or even the knowledge of governmental institutions. To start experimenting with these applications appears to be not only potentially beneficial, but probably the safest option for government. How to obtain EU publications Our priced publications are available from EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu), where you can place an order with the sales agent of your choice. The Publications Office has a worldwide network of sales agents. You can obtain their contact details by sending a fax to (352) 29 29-42758.