Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distal-less function during Drosophila appendage and sense organ development.

The Drosophila Distal-less (Dll) gene was identified in the early 1980s by means of dominant and recessive mutations that caused both striking antenna-to-leg transformations and leg truncations. The gene initially was named "Bristle on arista" or "Brista" because one aspect of the phenotype is the formation of leg bristles on the antenna (Sato [1984] Drosophila Information Service 60:180-182; Sunkel and Whittle [1987] Wilhelm Roux's. Arch. Dev. Biol. 196:124-132). Subsequent studies have revealed that Dll encodes a homeodomain transcription factor (Cohen et al. [1989] Nature 338:432-434) that is expressed throughout limb development from embryogenesis on (Cohen [1990] Nature 343:173-177; Weigmann and Cohen [1999] Development 126:3823-3830). Dll is required for the elaboration of distal pattern elements in the antenna, the legs, the limb-derived gnathal structures (Cohen and Jurgens [1989] Nature 482-485), and the anal plate (Gorfinkiel et al. [1999] Mech. Dev. 868:113-123) and can initiate proximodistal axis formation when expressed ectopically (Gorfinkiel et al. [1997] Genes Dev. 11:2259-2271). Dll homologs are expressed in developing appendages in at least six coelomate phyla, including chordates (Akimenko et al. [1994] J. Neurosci. 14:3475-3486; Beauchemin and Savard [1992] Dev. Biol. 154:55-65; Bulfone et al. [1993] Mech. Dev. 40:129-140; Dolle et al. [1992] Differentiation 49:93-99; Ferrari et al. [1995] Mech. Dev. 52:257-264; Panganiban et al. [1997] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:5162-5166; Simeone et al. [1994] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:2250-2254), consistent with requirements for Dlx function in normal limb development across the animal kingdom. Distal-less also has been implicated in various aspects of vertebrate neurogenesis (see reviews by Kraus and Lufkin [1999] J. Cell. Biochem. 32-33:133-140 and the accompanying review by Beanan and Sargent [2000] Dev. Dyn. 218:000-000). Here, I outline what is known about Dll function and regulation in Drosophila.
Small colony variants of Staphylococcus aureus: A clinical and laboratory challenge

The atypical phenotypic and biochemical characteristics of S. aureus SCVs hinder their detection and analysis in the laboratories. [1,3,5] The colonial appearance of S. aureus SCVs can be misinterpreted as corynebacteria or non-haemolytic streptococci for instance. Despite having a remarkably slower growth rate (1/10 of typical growing colony), culturing for extended and inattentive periods of time or on selective medium can lead to misidentification as normal S. aureus. [2,5] The slow growing feature of S. aureus SCVs also complicates analysis by antimicrobial susceptibility tests, which require accurate calibration and standardization. These complications arise from the sub-optimal reliability of common protocols for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, including disc diffusion, E-test and automated systems; however, application of a reference guideline can improve the accuracy of detection,[5] suggesting a possible reliable approach for antimicrobial testing of S. aureus SCVs.
d-Fenfluramine selectively suppresses carbohydrate snacking by obese subjects.

Twenty obese inpatients who claimed to crave carbohydrate-rich foods were given d-fenfluramine (15 mg p.o., twice daily) or its placebo, double-blind, for two consecutive eight-day periods. Food choices were measured on treatment days 1, 7, and 8 by giving the subjects access to unlimited portions of six isocaloric meal foods (three high in carbohydrate and three high in protein) and of 10 isocaloric snack foods (five high in protein and five high in carbohydrate) available 24 hours a day in a computerized vending machine. d-fenfluramine reduced mealtime calorie intake by only 16% (from 1940 +/- 94 to 1630 +/- 92; p < .001), mealtime carbohydrate by 22%, and had no significant effect on mealtime protein consumption; in contrast, snack calorie intake was reduced by 41% (from 707 +/- 97 to 414 +/- 46; p < .001), and snack carbohydrate intake by the same proportion. The mean number of carbohydrate-rich snacks consumed per day decreased from 5.8 +/- 0.8 to 3.4 +/- 0.4 (p < .01), while that of protein-rich snacks failed to change signficantly (i.e., from 0.7 +/- 0.2 to 0.5 +/- 0.2).
One score and 4 years after the first PTA for treatment of intracranial atherostenosis I did the first in man WINGSPAN-procedure for intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD)

One score and 4 years after the first PTA for treatment of intracranial atherostenosis I did the first in man WINGSPAN-procedure for intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD). This was the beginning of an encouraging trial known as WINGSPAN trial (HDE-Trial). Target patients had symptomatic ICAD and had failed antithrombotic therapy. Technical success rate was 100% and the 30-day composite ipsilateral stroke/death rate was 4.5% (1). On the other hand the SAMMPRIS trial the first randomized trial comparing endovascular therapy (EVT) with optimized medical therapy for symptomatic IACD was stopped, because the rate of periprocedural stroke in the EVT group was higher than expected and the rate of stroke in the medical-management group was lower than estimated (2). What are the implications and possible criticisms of these contradictionary findings? In the SAMMPRIS trial patients with recent transient ischemic attack or stroke related to 70–99% stenosis of a major intracranial artery were randomly assigned to EVT. So inclusion criterion was well beyond the level required so far in clinical practice before intracranial stent angioplasty is performed. Usually intracranial stenosis is only be treated if the patient despite medical therapy is symptomatic or there is a hemodynamic compromise by one high-grade intracranial stenosis. SAMMPRIS did not follow the current HDE indication for use of the Wingspan Stent system; it focused on studying the treatment of severe ICAD early in the treatment lifecycle and with an aggressive drug treatment regimen. The Wingspan Stent System is for patients who are refractory to medical therapy. In the SAMMPRIS trial, it was not required for patients to be refractory to medical therapy. Regardless these criteria the SAMMPRIS study attempted a significant extension of the indication to establish stent angioplasty as a first-line therapy. The sample size calculations and expected values for the SAMMPRIS trial based primarily on data from the HDE study a technical safety and feasibility study with predominantly simple lesions. To compare both studies in terms of periprocedural complications is problematic. Results from multicenter registries (3, 4) reflect more the real world scenario and showed higher technical and procedural complication rates. On the other hand, if one compares the morbidity and mortality rate of 10.7% in the historical control data of the WASID study, the MM-rate in the endovascular arm of SAMMPRIS with 14.7% is only moderately increased. The majority of these strokes in SAMMPRIS occurred within one day after the procedure and therefore might correctly …
OPTIMIZING REQUESTS FOR THE SMART DATA SERVER

The growing complexity of the Web information flow makes it necessary to improve Client/Server communication. In order to efficiently maintain heterogeneous and fast changing data types and different kinds of data sources, a Smart Data Server (SDS) can be used as a general framework for distributed functionality. In this paper, we present three general methods of advanced Client/Server communication: Prediction, Minimization and Request Optimization, - implemented and in practical use as modules of the SDS. Even though the overall aim of these features is the improvement of the information flow, the processing is quite different: Prediction aims at making pre-calculations or pre-fetching of very probable user requests in the future, Minimization leads to a reduction of transferred data while considering system requirements of the client (e.g. display resolution), and Request Optimization is a usage-dependent data request method. We will show that only a skilful combination of these methods can guarantee success in improving network communication.
Garp3: a new workbench for qualitative reasoning and modelling

Easy to use workbenches for Qualitative Reasoning (QR) and Modelling are virtually nonexistent. This has a limiting effect on the use and uptake of the technology by a larger audience. We present Garp3, a user-friendly workbench that allows modellers to build, simulate, and inspect qualitative models. Garp3 can be used to, discover, capture, and share conceptual knowledge on how systems behave.
Dependency Path Patterns as the Foundation of Access Control in Provenance-aware Systems

A unique characteristics of provenance data is that it forms a directed acyclic graph (DAG) in accordance with the underlying causality dependencies between entities (acting users, action processes and data objects) involved in transactions. Data provenance raises at least two distinct security-related issues. One is how to control access to provenance data which we call Provenance Access control (PAC). The other is Provenance-based Access Control (PBAC) which focuses on how to utilize provenance data to control access to data objects. Both PAC and PBAC are built on a common foundation that requires security architects to define application-specific dependency path patterns of provenance data. Assigning application-specific semantics to these path patterns provides the foundation for effective security policy specification and administration. This paper elaborates on this common foundation of PAC and PBAC and identifies some of the differences in how this common foundation is applied in these two contexts.
A framework for geometric warps and deformations

We present a framework for geometric warps and deformations. The framework provides a conceptual and mathematical foundation for analyzing known warps and for developing new warps, and serves as a common base for many warps and deformations. Our framework is composed of two components: a generic modular algorithm for warps and deformations; and a concise, geometrically meaningful formula that describes how warps are evaluated. Together, these two elements comprise a complete framework useful for analyzing, evaluating, designing, and implementing deformation algorithms. While the framework is independent of user-interfaces and geometric model representations and is formally capable of describing any warping algorithm, its design is geared toward the most prevalent class of user-controlled deformations: those computed using geometric operations. To demonstrate the expressive power of the framework, we cast several well-known warps in terms of the framework. To illustrate the framework's usefulness for analyzing and modifying existing warps, we present variations of these warps that provide additional functionality or improved behavior. To show the utility of the framework for developing new warps, we design a novel 3-D warping algorithm: a mesh warp---useful as a modeling and animation tool---that allows users to deform a detailed surface by manipulating a low-resolution mesh of similar shape. Finally, to demonstrate the mathematical utility of the framework, we use the framework to develop guarantees of several mathematical properties such as commutativity and continuity for large classes of deformations.
High power density SRC for low voltage battery charger in xEV with third harmonic operation technique

In this paper, series resonant converter (SRC) with third harmonic operation (THO) is proposed for low voltage battery (LVB) charger. The proposed converter has unique feature, which is high operation frequency without increasing the switching loss, leading to reducing the inductance and the capacitance for the resonant network and the output filter remarkably. Moreover, the system efficiency can be improved because the switching frequency variation of proposed topology can be minimized compared with the conventional SRC operation.
On the application of model-order reduction algorithms

The paper presents an application of methodologies for high order model reduction to obtain a lower-order model with performance preserved. An illustrative example is used to show the effectiveness of the methods. After some background theory, the algorithms are shown on an example of waste heat recovery for thermal water supply. The final aim of this study is to provide a basis platform for the development of a robust controller for the (uncertain) industrial-heat recovery.
Ontology consolidation in bioinformatics

Ontologies enjoy increasing popularity among bioinformatics researchers who seek assistance in coping with the rapid upgrowth of biological data to be handled and related information to be considered. While communities of committed ontology pioneers drive the development and optimisation of ontologies for a wide range of relevant domains, the amble adoption of ontologies in bioinformatics research is still decelerated by technological, managerial and communication barriers. This paper contains a brief review of current trends, challenges and perspectives in ontology research and practice in bioinformatics.
Minimum Latency Broadcasting in Multi-Radio Multi-Channel Multi-Rate Wireless Meshes

We address the problem of minimizing the worst-case broadcast delay in multi-radio multi-channel multi-rate (MR2-MC) wireless mesh networks (WMN). The problem of 'efficient' broadcast in such networks is especially challenging due to the numerous interrelated decisions that have to be made. The multi-rate transmission capability of WMN nodes, interference between wireless transmissions, and the hardness of optimal channel assignment adds complexity to our considered problem. We present four heuristic algorithms to solve the minimum latency broadcast problem for such settings and show that the 'best' performing algorithms usually adapt themselves to the available radio interfaces and channels. We also study the effect of channel assignment on broadcast performance and show that channel assignment can affect the broadcast performance substantially. More importantly, we show that a channel assignment that performs well for unicast does not necessarily perform well for broadcast/multicast. To the best of our knowledge, this work constitutes the first contribution in the area of broadcast routing for MR2-MC WMN
Molecular dynamics simulations of N‐terminal peptides from a nucleotide binding protein

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of N‐terminal peptides from lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) with increasing length and individual secondary structure elements were used to study their stability in relation to folding. Ten simulations of 1–2 ns of different peptides in water starting from the coordinates of the crystal structure were performed. The stability of the peptides was compared qualitatively by analyzing the root mean square deviation (RMSD) from the crystal structure, radius of gyration, secondary and tertiary structure, and solvent accessible surface area. In agreement with earlier MD studies, relatively short (< 15 amino acids) peptides containing individual secondary structure elements were generally found to be unstable; the hydrophobic α1‐helix of the nucleotide binding fold displayed a significantly higher stability, however. Our simulations further showed that the first βαβ supersecondary unit of the characteristic dinucleotide binding fold (Rossmann fold) of LDH is somewhat more stable than other units of similar length and that the α2‐helix, which unfolds by itself, is stabilized by binding to this unit. This finding suggests that the first βαβ unit could function as an N‐terminal folding nucleus, upon which the remainder of the polypeptide chain can be assembled. Indeed, simulations with longer units (βαβα and βαβαββ) showed that all structural elements of these units are rather stable. The outcome of our studies is in line with suggestions that folding of the N‐terminal portion of LDH in vivo can be a cotranslational process that takes place during the ribosomal peptide synthesis.
The Role of the Ocean Observatories Initiative in Monitoring the Offshore Earthquake Activity of the Cascadia Subduction Zone

USAGE Permission is granted to copy this article for use in teaching and research. Republication, systematic reproduction, or collective redistribution of any portion of this article by photocopy machine, reposting, or other means is permitted only with the approval of The Oceanography Society. Send all correspondence to: info@tos.org or The Oceanography Society, PO Box 1931, Rockville, MD 20849-1931, USA. Oceanography THE OFFICIAL MAGAZINE OF THE OCEANOGRAPHY SOCIETY
Magnetostratigraphy of the Toarcian Stage (Lower Jurassic) of the Llanbedr (Mochras Farm) Borehole, Wales: basis for a global standard and implications for volcanic forcing of palaeoenvironmental change

The Lower Jurassic Toarcian Stage (c. 183–174 Ma) is marked by one of the largest global exogenic carbon-cycle perturbations of the Phanerozoic, which is associated with the early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE; c. 183 Ma). Climatic and environmental change at the T-OAE is reasonably well constrained in the marine realm, with marine anoxic or euxinic conditions developing locally across both hemispheres, at the same time as the T-OAE negative carbon-isotope excursion. However, high-resolution stratigraphic comparison between different palaeo-ocean basins and with the continental realm can be complicated. Palaeomagnetic reversals can provide a precise and accurate stratigraphic correlation tool between marine and continental sedimentary archives, and even between sedimentary and igneous successions. Here, we present a high-resolution magnetostratigraphic record for the Toarcian Stage in the biostratigraphically complete and expanded Llanbedr (Mochras Farm) Borehole, Cardigan Bay Basin, Wales. This study provides the first geomagnetic polarity reversal scale that is integrated with high-resolution biostratigraphy and carbon-isotope stratigraphy for the entire Toarcian Stage. This stratigraphic framework also provides a new, precise correlation with the basalt lava sequence of the Karoo–Ferrar Large Igneous Province, linking the Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundary and T-OAE climatic and environmental perturbations directly to this episode of major volcanic activity. Supplementary material: Details of the palaeomagnetic data and dip direction are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare. c.4052720
Distribution of Antiretroviral Treatment Through Self-Forming Groups of Patients in Tete Province, Mozambique

Background:As antiretroviral treatment cohorts continue to expand, ensuring patient retention over time is an increasingly important concern. This, together with capacity and human resource constraints, has led to the consideration of out-of-clinic models for the delivery of antiretroviral therapy (ART). In 2008, Médecins Sans Frontières and the Provincial authorities launched a model of ART distribution and adherence monitoring by community groups in Tete Province, Mozambique. Programme Approach:Patients who were stable on ART for 6 months were informed about the community ART group model and invited to form groups. Group members had 4 key functions: facilitate monthly ART distribution to other group members in the community, provide adherence and social support, monitor outcomes, and ensure each group member undergoes a clinical consultation at least once every 6 months. Group members visit the health centre on a rotational basis, such that each group member has contact with the health service every 6 months. Results:Between February 2008 and May 2010, 1384 members were enrolled into 291 groups. Median follow-up time within a group was 12.9 months (IQR 8.5-14.1). During this time, 83 (6%) were transferred out, and of the 1301 patients still in community groups, 1269 (97.5%) were remaining in care, 30 (2%) had died, and 2 (0.2%) were lost to follow-up. Discussion:The Community ART Group model was initiated by patients to improve access, patient retention, and decongest health services. Early outcomes are highly satisfactory in terms of mortality and retention in care, lending support to such out-of-clinic approaches.
High Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation Among Patients With Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose— Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cause of devastating but potentially preventable stroke. Estimates of the prevalence of AF among patients with stroke vary considerably because of difficulties in detection of intermittent, silent AF. Better recognition of AF in this patient group may help to identify and offer protection to individuals at risk. Our aim was to determine the nationwide prevalence of AF among patients with ischemic stroke, as well as their use of oral anticoagulation. Methods— Cross-sectional study of unselected patients in cross-linked nationwide Swedish health registers. All 94 083 patients with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke in the nationwide stroke register Riks-Stroke between 2005 and 2010 were studied. Information about previously diagnosed AF, and comorbidity, was obtained from the nationwide Patient Register and cross-referenced with the national Drug Register containing data on all dispensed pharmacological prescriptions in Sweden. Results— Combination of data from Riks-Stroke and from the Patient Register showed that 31 428 (33.4%) patients with ischemic stroke had previously known, or newly diagnosed, AF. Of those, only 16.2% had received warfarin in a pharmacy within 6 months before stroke onset. After hospital discharge, only 35.0% of the survivors received warfarin within the first 3 months after discharge. The likelihood for underlying AF was strongly correlated to the CHA2DS2-VASC score, which is a point based scheme for assessment of stroke risk in AF but which also predicts likelihood of AF. In this scheme points are given for age, previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, hypertension, heart failure, diabetes, vascular disease and female sex. Conclusions— Access to nationwide register data shows that AF is more common among patients with ischemic stroke than those previously reported. Few patients with stroke and AF had anticoagulant treatment before the event, and few got it after the event. CHA2DS2-VASc could be a useful monitoring tool to intensify efforts to diagnose AF among patients with cryptogenic stroke.
Minimising Visitor Impacts to Protected Areas: The Efficacy of Low Impact Education Programmes

Protected area managers, tourism providers, and other organisations commonly employ education programmes to address visitation-related impairment of natural and cultural resources, social conditions, and neighbouring communities. These programmes have different names (Leave No Trace, Codes of Conduct, Environmental Guidelines for Tourists) but share common objectives: to sustain opportunities for high quality visitor experiences while avoiding or minimising associated negative impacts to protected area resources, visitor experiences, and park neighbours. Theoretical and empirical research studies in the United States are reviewed to evaluate the efficacy of educational efforts that seek to encourage adoption of low impact behaviours. Findings reveal that most of the visitor education efforts evaluated did effectively alter visitor knowledge, behaviour and/or resource and social conditions in the intended direction. These findings, including discussions of message content, delivery, audience characteristics and theoretical grounding, provide insights for improving the efficacy of future educational efforts.