Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Logarithmic barrier functions and newton-type methods with applications to neural network training

Logarithmic Barrier Methods are studied and analyzed. Barrier methods form a class of Interior Point Methods that are used to solve general nonlinear constraint optimization problems. Usually, those methods move in a Newton-type direction. Emphasis is given on developing barrier methods for training supervised neural networks. Two algorithms are presented in this dissertation: a deterministic logarithmic barrier and a stochastic logarithmic barrier. Specifically, we consider neural network training as a nonlinear programming problem and use barrier methods to find the optimal weights. Furthermore, we put constraints on the weights to avoid network paralysis. The search direction is derived using a recursive prediction error method (RPEM) that approximates the inverse of the Hessian of a logarithmic error function iteratively. The weights move on a center trajectory in the interior of the feasible weight space and have good convergence properties. For the stochastic version, random fluctuations are added to the weights in order to escape local minima. Ill-conditioning problems are discussed and computational experiments are provided. Also, the deterministic logarithmic barrier is extended for the case where the error criterion is the least absolute error.
Mechanical and Physical Properties of Al2O3-TiAl deposited by Thermal Spraying Method

In the current article, some physical properties of a system based on alumina (Al2O3) and supported by various weight ratios of TiAl were studied (5, 10, 15, 20, 25wt.%) by means of thermal spraying by flame, where oxygen gas was used at a pressure of 4bar, and acetylene at 0.7 bar. The base used for the coating is stainless steel type 316L, and a primary binder of 80%A1-20%Ni was coated with a thickness of approximately 100µm, while the base coating was 300µm thick, so that the total thickness was 400µm. The heat treatment of the final paint was carried out at a temperature of 1000°C for an hour and a half, after that physical tests were carried out through which the best mixing ratio was obtained, with a constant spraying distance of 16cm, and a constant spraying angle of 90° if found at that. The ideal conditions and after sintering that the best micro hardness is 56kg/mm2, the least porosity is 9.1%, and the highest adhesion strength is 29, while the results of the scanning electron microscope showed that the best mixing ratio is the 25wt. % in which the surface was homogeneous and has a consistent composition. An indication of the improvement of the samples with the continuation of repeated additions of the support material (TiAl).
Chinese NER with Softlexion and Residual Gated CNNs

: The increment of accuracy and speed on Named Entity Recognition (NER), a key task in natural language processing, can further enhance downstream tasks. The method of residual gated convolution and attention mechanism is proposed to address the problem of insufficient recognition of nested entities and ambiguous entities by convolutional layers in the absence of context. It emphasizes local continuous features fusion to global ones to better obtain contextual semantic information in the stacked convolutional layer. Moreover, the optimized embedding layer with fusing character and lexical information by introducing a dictionary combines with a pre-trained BERT model containing a priori semantic effects, and the decoding layer in an entity-level method to alleviate the problem of nested entities and ambiguous entities in long-sequence text. In order to reduce abundant parameters of Bert model, during the training process, only the residual gated convolutional layer is iterated after fixing Bert layer parameters. After experiments on MSRA corpus, the result of entity recognition task in BERT-softlexion-RGCNN-GP model outperforms other models, with an F1 value of 94.96%, and the training speed is also better than that of the bidirectional LSTM model. Our model not only maintains a more efficient training speed but also recognizes Chinese entities more precisely, which is of practical value for fields required accuracy and speed.
USO DE REDES NEURAIS ARTIFICIAIS NA PONDERAÇÃO INICIAL DA TÉCNICA AHP EM ANÁLISES DE VULNERABILIDADE DE BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS

Em muitos problemas decisorios, a informacao fornecida pelos tomadores de decisao muitas vezes e imprecisa ou incerta devido ao limite de tempo, a falta de dados ou capacidades de avaliar as informacoes disponiveis. Como forma de superar essas dificuldades, algumas pesquisas tem apresentado a aplicacao da tecnica Analytical Hierarchic Ponderation (AHP). Esta tecnica estrutura um problema de decisao complicada em uma hierarquia de subproblemas, faz comparacoes par a par das informacoes de entrada e, a partir do ranqueamento dos resultados, permite estimar pesos para cada variavel apresentada. Entretanto, reconhece-se que o ponto mais fraco do metodo e a ponderacao inicial das variaveis de entrada, visto que o conhecimento de especialistas pode ser subjetivo e a importância relativa entre os elementos de analise pode variar. O que nao se discute na literatura e a importância desses pesos e a variacao da ordem no calculo dos pesos finais. Por isso, esta pesquisa avalia diferentes cenarios no contexto de vulnerabilidade ambiental comparando as variacoes entre as ponderacoes iniciais da AHP em relacao a ponderacao realizada por um grupo de especialistas e em relacao a ponderacoes iniciais obtidas a partir de redes neurais como forma de minimizar a subjetividade do processo de analise.
Nasal place assimilation trades off inferrability of both target and trigger words

In English, nasal place assimilation occurs across word boundaries, such as ten bucks pronounced as te[m] bucks. Assimilation can be viewed as a reduction or loss of the assimilation target’s place cue (/n/ in ten), and simultaneously as an enhancement of the assimilation trigger’s place cue (/b/ in bucks) by spreading its place cue earlier in the signal. A message-oriented phonological approach predicts that assimilation is sensitive to the relative contextual inferrability of both the target and trigger words: More assimilation should be observed for more contextually predictable target words, while less assimilation should be observed for contextually more predictable trigger words. These predictions deviate from accounts that view assimilation solely as reduction. To test these predictions, sequences which license assimilation were extracted from a conversational speech corpus. Both categorical assimilation (based on close phonetic transcription) and gradient acoustic assimilation (based on F2) were analyzed. As predicted, assimilation was more likely both when a target like ten was high in predictability and when its trigger bucks was low in predictability. Assimilation thus serves as both reduction and enhancement, and can be used to manage redundancy in the speech signal. More broadly, this constitutes evidence for the influence of communicative pressures on phonology.
Bluetooth low energy for internet of things: review, challenges, and open issues

As a result of its ultra-low power consumption, simple development, sufficient network coverage, and rapid data transfer speed, Bluetooth low energy (BLE) has emerged as the standard communication standard for internet of things (IoT) nodes. Therefore, in this review paper introduces the concept of Bluetooth low energy for the internet of things (BLE-IoT) in terms of Bluetooth classic, Bluetooth version, applications for BLE-IoT, and new features of BLE-IoT. We then provide a taxonomy of literature reviews based on the parameter adjustment approach (e.g., advertiser side schemes, scanner side schemes, hybrid schemes) and collision avoidance approach (e.g., advertiser side schemes and scanner side schemes). Finally, we discuss research challenges and future opportunities for BLE-IoT.
Anatomical-Clinical Aspects of the Retrocaval Ureter: Report of 4 Cases and Review of the Literature

: Introduction: Retrocaval ureter (RCU) is a birth defect, characterized by a spiral path of the ureter around the inferior vena cava. It is an abnormal in the development of the inferior vena cava, which can lead to ureteral obstruction. The aim of this study was to report 4 cases of RCU with a literature review. Patients and method: This was a retrospective, descriptive study in two department of urology including patients followed up and undergone a surgery for a RCU, from January 2016 to December 2021 in two tertiary hospitals of Dakar. We used radiological classification to describe the anatomical and clinical features. Results: Four adult patients suffering from RCU were diagnosed and treated over a 6-year period of time. Their mean age was 39 years (36 and 44 years). There were as many men as women. Low back pain was the most common sign. The Uro-CT scan showed a type I of RCU in 3 patients. For all of them, we performed an open surgical procedure to unhook the ureter followed by an uretero-ureteral anastomosis on a JJ stend. The portion of the ureter in retro cave atresic position was resected. The postoperative follow-up was simple. Conclusion: Retrocaval ureter is a very rare birth defect for which the right incidence is not known because of the clinical latency. Although classical surgery leads to positive outcomes, the minimally invasive approach is very promising.
Cultural orientation and perceived control over COVID-19 preventive behaviors

ABSTRACT We examine whether cultural orientation can explain the variation in the uptake of preventive actions against COVID-19 and how messagingshould be framed depending on individuals’ cultural orientations. We show that people with a high vertical cultural orientation are less likely to follow preventive measures because they perceive themselves as having less control over their decisions. However, people with a high horizontal cultural orientation are likely to feel high levels of control over their response to preventive measures and are therefore more likely to adopt them. Furthermore, we show that when preventive measures are framed as protecting the self (versus others), people with a vertical cultural orientation perceive greater control and a greater willingness to comply with that measure.
Uniform experimental design in chemometrics

Experimental designs and modeling are very important in chemometrics and chemical engineering. There are many kinds of experimental designs, which include the fractional factorial design (including the orthogonal design), the optimal regression design, and the uniform design. The uniform experimental design can be regarded as a fractional factorial design with model uncertainty, a space filling design for computer experiments, a robust design against model specification, and a supersaturated design. This paper gives a brief introduction to the recent theoretical developments on uniform experimental design as well as its applications in chemometrics.
Health Insurance Cost Prediction Using Deep Neural Network

Artificial intelligence (AI) and Deep Learning (DL) are strategies for making human being’s lives simpler in the healthcare enterprise through predicting and identifying ailments more fast than the general public of scientific specialists. There may be an immediate connection between the insurance organization and the policyholder while technology reduces the distance between them to zero in particular with digital medical insurance. In preference to commonplace protection, simulated intelligence and profound mastering have meaningfully impacted the way in which guarantors build health care coverage designs and empowered customers to hastily get benefits greater. With a view to provide clients with accurate, spark off, and effective medical health insurance, insurance companies use DL. Medical health insurance quotes have been expected the use of an artificial neural network (ANN) and a deep neural network (DNN) algorithm on this take a look at. Based on the traits of the individuals, the author envisioned how a good deal medical insurance might price. Age, gender, body mass index, the range of kids, smoking behavior, and place had been all used to train and examine an artificial neural network model.
A 3D ISOGEOMETRICAL BOUNDARY ELEMENT ANALYSIS FOR NON-LINEAR GRAVITY WAVE PROPAGATION

In this paper we describe a three-dimensional Isogeometric BEM in the time domain based on the T-spline and Non Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) basis to study the free surface behavior. Traditionally, the Lagrange polynomials have been used to discretize the geometry and the BEMs variables. The Lagrange basis are discontinues across the elements although the physical variables are continuous. In dynamics problems with high mesh distortions this approach can produce numerical instabilities that can be quickly propagated. This problem could be overcome using T-spline or NURB basis. The main advantages of this approach are: (1) the control of the continuity and smoothness of the T-spline and NURBS basis, which makes the model numerically stable without the need of artificial smooth techniques;(2) the high order geometrical approximation by non-rational splines;(3) the refinement capabilities without affecting the geometry and BEM’s variables; and (4) the direct integration with computer aid geometrical design tools. We use the concept of the Bézier extraction operation which provides an element point of view of the T-Spline and NURBS similar to the traditional finite element. The boundary integral Equation is solved at each time step by the GMRES algorithm and the time marching scheme is performed with a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method to update the model. Additionally, the hydrodynamic force is calculated by an auxiliary boundary equation. Some numerical benchmark examples are analysed to show the accuracy and the stability of the method
Enhancing Person Identification with Score Fusion of Biometric Modalities

Biometric systems play a vital role in identifying individuals by capitalizing on their distinctivephysical or behavioral traits. However, individual biometric techniques have limitations that can impact theaccuracy and reliability of identification. Multimodal biometric systems, which incorporate data fromseveral modalities, have evolved as a solution to these problems. There are four levels of integration intomultimodal biometric systems, but score-level fusion is seen as the most efficient. The fusion level used inthis paper was the score level. The fusion proposal was assessed using the ORL Face and IITD Iris datasets.The suggested technique can enhance the ability to identify people in various areas.
Enigma of Bowel Angina: Unraveling Celiac Trunk Stenosis

The celiac axis is commonly involved in conditions that cause the narrowing or blockage of a celiac artery atherosclerosis and other vascular disease. Celiac artery compression syndrome is defined as chronic abdominal pain occurring because of compression of the celiac artery commonly in middle-aged (40 to 60 years) females. Various etiologies include atherosclerosis of mesenteries vessels, pancreatitis, median arcuate ligament syndrome, and tumor invasion. It is an uncommon condition, and symptoms include post-prandial abdominal pain mostly in the epigastrium, weight loss, nausea, diarrhea, anorexia, and bloating. Patients are asymptomatic for a prolonged duration due to collateral blood supply to the bowel from the patent superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries. We present a case of a 67-year-old female who initially presented with signs and symptoms suggestive of small bowel obstruction, however, due to persistent abdominal pain, she underwent a CT scan suggestive of severe celiac trunk stenosis causing abdominal angina. The patient was managed conservatively and responded well with close follow-up.
A tunable terahertz radiation source based on a surface wave transformed into Cherenkov radiation in a subwavelength array

A tunable THz radiation source based on the Cherenkov radiation mechanism is proposed. In the structure of a dielectric medium rod covered by subwavelength metal ring array, the surface wave is excited by electron bunch on the subwavelength metal ring array, and then transformed into Cherenkov radiation in the dielectric medium rod. The working frequency is determined by the intersection of the surface wave dispersion curve and electron beam line, and could be tuned by adjusting the beam energy. The source, which is compact and operable at room temperature, generates radiation with peak power from microwatts up to milliwatts.
Viticulture extension in response to global climate change drivers – lessons from the past and future projections

Abstract. The potential areal extent of agricultural crops is sensitive to climate change and its underlying drivers. To distinguish between the drivers of past variations in the Mediterranean viticulture extension since Early Antiquity and improve projections for the future, we propose an original attribution method based on an emulation of offline coupled climate and ecosystem models. The emulator connects the potential productivity of grapevines to global direct and indirect climate drivers, notably orbital parameters, solar and volcanic activities, demography, and greenhouse gas concentrations. This approach is particularly useful to place the evolution of future agrosystems in the context of their past variations. We found that variations in potential area for viticulture during the last 3 millennia in the Mediterranean Basin were mainly due to volcanic activity, while the effects of solar activity and orbital changes were negligible. In the future, as expected, the dominating factor is the increase in greenhouse gases, causing significantly drier conditions and thus major difficulties for viticulture in Spain and North Africa. These constraints will concern significant areas of the southern Mediterranean Basin when global warming exceeds +2 ∘C above preindustrial conditions. Our experiments showed that even intense volcanic activity comparable to that of the Samalas – sometimes considered to be the starting point of the Little Ice Age in the mid-13th century – would not decrease aridity and so not slow down this decline in viticulture extension in the southern margin of the Mediterranean area. This result does not confirm the idea of geoengineering that solar radiation modification (SRM) is an efficient option to limit future global warming.
Empirical Bayes testing for guarantee lifetime: Non identical components case

ABSTRACT This article considers an empirical Bayes testing problem for the guarantee lifetime in the two-parameter exponential distributions with non identical components. We study a method of constructing empirical Bayes tests under a class of unknown prior distributions for the sequence of the component testing problems. The asymptotic optimality of the sequence of empirical Bayes tests is studied. Under certain regularity conditions on the prior distributions, it is shown that the sequence of the constructed empirical Bayes tests is asymptotically optimal, and the associated sequence of regrets converges to zero at a rate O(n− 1 + 1/[2(r + α) + 1]) for some integer r ⩾ 0 and 0 ⩽ α ⩽ 1 depending on the unknown prior distributions, where n is the number of past data available when the (n + 1)st component testing problem is considered.
Topological multimodal sensor data analytics for target recognition and information exploitation in contested environments

A modern, contested environment produces exponential amounts of data from a vast array of multimodal sensory inputs for intelligence actively updating our situational awareness (SA). The effective management and interpretation of this digital information for (near) real-time decision processes has obscured resulting in imminent costs. This data’s mathematical structures (e.g., its topology) provides a rich, alternative information space where SA could be transformed. Recent successes in topological data analysis (TDA) for a wide array of applications forecast its target recognition capability derived from a sensing grid’s multimodal data and its aggregates. This research introduces novel artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) pipeline designs invoking TDA-based feature engineering from acoustic, electro-optical (EO), and infrared (IR) data which produce efficient models with near perfect accuracy, precision, and recall in target recognition capability on a range of small unmanned aerial systems (SUASs), ground vehicles, and dismounts (or ground personnel) involving real world environments.
L p $L^{p}$ -Fourier analysis for certain differential-reflection operators

Abstract In a previous paper we introduced a family of differential-reflection operators Λ A , ε ${\Lambda_{A,\varepsilon}}$ acting on smooth functions defined on ℝ ${{\mathbb{R}}}$ , where the spectral problem for the operators Λ A , ε ${\Lambda_{A,\varepsilon}}$ has been studied. Here A is a Sturm–Liouville function with additional hypotheses and - 1 ≤ ε ≤ 1 ${-1\leq\varepsilon\leq 1}$ . Via the eigenfunctions of Λ A , ε ${\Lambda_{A,\varepsilon}}$ , we introduce in this paper a generalized Fourier transform ℱ A , ε ${\mathscr{F}_{A,\varepsilon}}$ . An L p ${L^{p}}$ -harmonic analysis for ℱ A , ε ${\mathscr{F}_{A,\varepsilon}}$ is developed when 0 < p ≤ 2 1 + 1 - ε 2 ${0<p\leq{2\over{1+\sqrt{1-\varepsilon^{2}}}}}$ . In particular, an L p ${L^{p}}$ -Schwartz space isomorphism theorem for ℱ A , ε ${\mathscr{F}_{A,\varepsilon}}$ is proved.
Refraction of cylindrical converging shock wave at an air/helium gaseous interface

Refraction of a cylindrical converging shock wave at an inclined air/helium interface is investigated. Experimentally, based on the shock dynamics theory, a special wall profile is designed to generate a perfectly cylindrical converging shock wave. A soap film technique is developed to form an inclined discontinuous air/helium interface, and high-speed schlieren photography is adopted to capture the flow. Numerical simulations are also performed to compare with the experimental counterparts and to show details of refraction. In this work, two initial incident angles (45° and 60°) are considered. As the incident shock converges inward, the shock intensity increases while the incident angle decreases, causing possible transitions among the wave patterns. For the case of 45°, an irregular refraction of free precursor refraction (FPR) first occurs and gradually transits into regular refraction, while for the case of 60°, various irregular refractions of twin von Neumann refraction (TNR), twin regular refracti.