Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risperidone alone or in combination for acute mania.

BACKGROUND Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic, is used to treat mania both alone and in combination with other medicines. OBJECTIVES To review the efficacy and tolerability of risperidone as treatment for mania. SEARCH STRATEGY The Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Controlled Trials Register (CCDANCTR-Studies December 2004), The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched in December 2004. Reference lists and English language textbooks were searched; researchers in the field and Janssen-Cilag were contacted. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials comparing risperidone with placebo or other drugs in acute manic or mixed episodes. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently extracted data from trial reports. Janssen-Cilag was asked to provide missing information. QUALITY ASSESSMENT As in other trials of treatment for mania, the high proportion of imputed efficacy data resulting from rates of failure to complete treatment of between 12% and 62% may have biased the results. MAIN RESULTS Six trials (1343 participants) of risperidone as monotherapy or as adjunctive treatment to lithium, or an anticonvulsant, were identified. Permitted doses were consistent with those recommended by the manufacturers of Haldol (haloperidol) and Risperdal (risperidone) for treatment of mania and trials involving haloperidol allowed antiparkinsonian treatment. Risperidone monotherapy was more effective than placebo in reducing manic symptoms, using the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) (weighted mean difference (WMD) -5.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) -7.46 to -4.04, P<0.00001; 2 trials) and in leading to response, remission and sustained remission. Effect sizes for monotherapy and adjunctive treatment comparisons were similar. Low levels of baseline depression precluded reliable assessment of efficacy for treatment of depressive symptoms. Risperidone as monotherapy and as adjunctive treatment was more acceptable than placebo, with lower incidence of failure to complete treatment (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.82, P = 0.0003; 5 trials). Overall risperidone caused more weight gain, extrapyramidal disorder, sedation and increase in prolactin level than placebo. There was no evidence of a difference in efficacy between risperidone and haloperidol either as monotherapy or as adjunctive treatment. The acceptability of risperidone and haloperidol in incidence of failure to complete treatment was comparable. Overall risperidone caused more weight gain than haloperidol but less extrapyramidal disorder and comparable sedation. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Risperidone, as monotherapy and adjunctive treatment, is effective in reducing manic symptoms. The main adverse effects are weight gain, extrapyramidal effects and sedation. Risperidone is comparable in efficacy to haloperidol. Higher quality trials are required to provide more reliable and precise estimates of its costs and benefits.
Supplementary Information for “Identiﬁcation of constrained cancer driver genes based on mutation timing”

The cancer-driving effect of mutations can depend on the mutation of other genes or more generally on the mutational, transcriptional, or environmental context. Epistatic interactions (among genes or between genes and other factors) introduce statistical dependencies and they can result in order constraints on the mutation accumulation during tumorigenesis. In order to study the dynamics of these order-constrained mutations and to motivate our mutation timing approach, we will consider Conjunctive Bayesian networks (CBNs), which model dependencies in binary mutation data. The continuous-time CBN (CT-CBN) model is defined by a partial order, ≺, on a set of n mutations and parameters λj , for all j ∈ [n] = {1, . , n}. The distribution of the waiting time Tj of mutation j ∈ [n] is defined recursively as Tj ∼ Exp(λj) + max `∈pa(j) T` (1)
Turning the Kaleidoscope: What We See When Self-Regulated Learning is Viewed With a Qualitative Lens

This article argues for using multiple methods to investigate self-regulated learning because only by using a range of methodologies will we be able to appreciate fully its complexity. The article focuses on 2 aspects that are afforded by the use of observations and interviews in self-regulated learning research: (a) providing rich, contextualized description that can answer "what, how, why, and when" questions, and (b) enabling methodological triangulation. This article discusses these with reference to the ongoing mixed-method research of middle-grade urban students' engagement in project-based science. The article also reflects on issues and questions that have evolved throughout this research.
Semi-global stabilization for the Buck-Buck converter via exact tracking error dynamics passive output feedback

We demonstrate that for the Buck-Buck switched power DC-to-DC converter, a linear-time-varying state feedback control, based on exact tracking error dynamics passive output feedback, semi-globally stabilizes the tracking error to zero. The dynamic average model of the Buck-Buck converter is used as it conforms a special “energy managing” structure including an invariant field, a dissipative field, an external power source field and a control field. For this kind of structure, a natural dissipation matching condition between the dissipative field and the control field must be satisfied for the simple proposed feedback scheme to be applicable.
Maximum Entropy Approach Is Not As Arbitrary As It May Seem at First Glance

When we only have partial information about the probability distribution, i.e., when several different probability distributions are consistent with our knowledge, then it makes sense to select a distribution with the largest entropy. In particular, when we only know that the quantity is located within a certain interval – and we have no information about the probability of different values within this intervals – then it is reasonable to assume that all these values are equally probable, i.e., that we have a uniform distribution on this interval. The problem with this idea is that if we apply it to the same quantity after a non-linear rescaling, we get a different (non-uniform) distribution in the original scale. In other words, it seems that the results of applying the Maximum Entropy approach are rather arbitrary: they depend on what exactly scale we apply them to. In this paper, we show how to overcome this subjectivity: namely, we propose to take into account that, due to measurement inaccuracy, we always have finitely many possible measurement results, and this finiteness makes the results of applying the Maximum Entropy approach uniquely determined. 1 Maximum Entropy Approach and Its Limitations Need to describe probabilities. One of the main objectives of science is to predict future events based on the available information. In many practical situations, it is not possible to uniquely predict the future events: there are many factors which are difficult to take into account. For example, while we can predict tomorrow’s weather reasonably well, these predictions are not exact. In such situations, when we know that for the same future quantity, several different values are possible, it is desirable to describe the frequency of different possible values, i.e., to describe the probability distribution on the set of all
Effect of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) US27 on CXCR4 receptor internalization measured by fluorogen-activating protein (FAP) biosensors

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread pathogen and a member of the Herpesviridae family. HCMV has a large genome that encodes many genes that are non-essential for virus replication but instead play roles in manipulation of the host immune environment. One of these is the US27 gene, which encodes a protein with homology to the chemokine receptor family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The US27 protein has no known chemokine ligands but can modulate the signaling activity of host receptor CXCR4. We investigated the mechanism for enhanced CXCR4 signaling in the presence of US27 using a novel biosensor system comprised of fluorogen activating proteins (FAPs). FAP-tagged CXCR4 and US27 were used to explore receptor internalization and recovery dynamics, and the results demonstrate that significantly more CXCR4 internalization was observed in the presence of US27 compared to CXCR4 alone upon stimulation with CXCL12. While ligand-induced endocytosis rates were higher, steady state internalization of CXCR4 was not affected by US27. Additionally, US27 underwent rapid endocytosis at a rate that was independent of either CXCR4 expression or CXCL12 stimulation. These results demonstrate that one mechanism by which US27 can enhance CXCR4 signaling is to alter receptor internalization dynamics, which could ultimately have the effect of promoting virus dissemination by increasing trafficking of HCMV-infected cells to tissues where CXCL12 is highly expressed.
Experiments with Collaborative Index Enhancement

In this paper we present a method for improving the quality of a searchable index: Collaborative Index Enhancement, or CIE. CIE improves the index quality by feeding the results of searches over an index back into that index, so that the current user can harness the e ort and insight of previous users that searched for the same or similar information. We present four prototype enhanced indices implemented as part of the HuskySearch system, a World Wide Web (WWW) search service available publicly. We describe the implementation and tradeo s of each system, and present experiments based on user studies and log analyses detailing their e ectiveness.
Privacy-preserving revocable content sharing in geosocial networks

Location-based services enable people to obtain various kinds of services based on their current locations. Recently, the geosocial networking services, which utilize mobile users' location information to realize social interactions, lead to numerous fascinating applications, such as content sharing, social shopping, food sourcing, and so on. However, extensive and unnecessary uses of mobile users' spatial and temporal information pose conspicuous privacy threats not only to their locations, but also to the shared contents, which may contain sensitive information, such as special interests, real identity, and crucial social relationships. To preserve the privacy of mobile users, we may apply the attribute-based encryption (ABE) schemes to secure mobile users' location and their contents. Unfortunately, existing approaches fail to jointly consider the privacy of the past shared contents and the accessibility of the updated contents for non-revoked users. In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving revocable content sharing scheme in geosocial networks. Our scheme allows mobile users to share their encrypted location-based contents on an untrusted server without revealing actual location information, and further enables other mobile users who physically check in at the particular location to search and decrypt the content if they have the corresponding attributes. Importantly, to secure mobile users' past shared contents and the corresponding location information, we design an efficient ciphertext update scheme to allow encrypted shared contents to be periodically updated and become inaccessible to revoked users. By trace-driven simulations, we show both the efficiency and privacy preservation of the proposed scheme.
Prognostic value of ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock

Objectives To evaluate the prevalence of myocardial dysfunction and its prognostic value in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Methods Adult septic patients admitted to an intensive care unit were prospectively studied using transthoracic echocardiography within the first 48 hours after admission and thereafter on the 7th-10th days. Echocardiographic variables of biventricular function, including the E/e' ratio, were compared between survivors and non-survivors. Results A total of 99 echocardiograms (53 at admission and 46 between days 7 - 10) were performed on 53 patients with a mean age of 74 (SD 13) years. Systolic and diastolic dysfunction was present in 14 (26%) and 42 (83%) patients, respectively, and both types of dysfunction were present in 12 (23%) patients. The E/e' ratio, an index of diastolic dysfunction, was the best predictor of hospital mortality according to the area under the ROC curve (0.71) and was an independent predictor of outcome, as determined by multivariate analysis (OR = 1.36 [1.05 - 1.76], p = 0.02). Conclusion In septic patients admitted to an intensive care unit, echocardiographic systolic dysfunction is not associated with increased mortality. In contrast, diastolic dysfunction is an independent predictor of outcome.
Formation et apprentissage collectif dans les entreprises: une expérience dans le domaine du management de projet

Comment et sous quelles conditions un dispositif de formation peut-il appuyer un apprentissage collectif en matiere de gestion dans une organisation ? L'objet de cet article est de contribuer a eclairer cette question a partir d'experiences menees sur le developpement du management de projet dans les entreprises. Nous nous appuierons sur les enseignements de deux recherches menees depuis le debut des annees 1990 chez Rhone-Poulenc et EDF-GDF.
Shaping the Genome with Non-Coding RNAs

The human genome must be tightly packaged in order to fit inside the nucleus of a cell. Genome organization is functional rather than random, which allows for the proper execution of gene expression programs and other biological processes. Recently, three-dimensional chromatin organization has emerged as an important transcriptional control mechanism. For example, enhancers were shown to regulate target genes by physically interacting with them regardless of their linear distance and even if located on different chromosomes. These chromatin contacts can be measured with the “chromosome conformation capture” (3C) technology and other 3C-related techniques. Given the recent innovation of 3C-derived approaches, it is not surprising that we still know very little about the structure of our genome at high-resolution. Even less well understood is whether there exist distinct types of chromatin contacts and importantly, what regulates them. A new form of regulation involving the expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) was recently identified. lncRNAs are a very abundant class of non-coding RNAs that are often expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Although their different subcellular localizations point to their involvement in numerous cellular processes, it is clear that lncRNAs play an important role in regulating gene expression. How they control transcription however is mostly unknown. In this review, we provide an overview of known lncRNA transcription regulation activities. We also discuss potential mechanisms by which ncRNAs might exert three-dimensional transcriptional control and what recent studies have revealed about their role in shaping our genome.
Diversity Education for Future Family Science Professionals: Interactive and Reflective Teaching Implications based on Hollinger's Model

The purpose of this study was to examine how an undergraduate family diversity course supported students to enhance undergraduate students’ understanding of diversity issues and cultural competence that are necessary to work with diverse families and children as future family science professionals. We collected qualitative research data from 108 students who were enrolled in five sections of an undergraduate-level diversity course, Working with Diverse Families and Children, using nine open-ended questions. In the current study, we specifically focused on four questions in relevant to what undergraduate students learned and what they desired to learn more about diversity issues in families grounded in Hollinger’s developmental model of ethical reflection. Using inductive and deductive iterative processes and triangulation, we conducted thematic analysis. Overall, our findings showed that undergraduate students understood the core concepts of diversity and cultural competence. However, they understood these issues at different stages of Hollinger’s model of ethical reflection after taking the course. Most undergraduate students accomplished their cognitive and empathetic understanding of diversity and were primarily in Stages 1 and 2. We suggest interactive and reflective teaching strategies that may be effective for undergraduate students to challenge their own biases, practice ethical decision, and prepare for social actions as family science professionals.
Rational-Emotive Therapy: Research Data That Supports The Clinical and Personality Hypotheses of RET and Other Modes of Cognitive-Behavior Therapy

This article examines 32 important clinical and personality hypotheses of rational-emotive therapy (RET) and other modes of cognitive-behavior therapy and lists a large number of research studies that provide empirical confirmation of these hypotheses. It concludes that (1) a vast amount of research data exists, most of which tends to confirm the major clinical and personality hypotheses of RET; (2) this data keeps increasing by leaps and bounds; (3) RET hypotheses nicely lend themselves to experimental investigation and therefore encourage a considerable amount of research; (4) researchers have not yet tested some of the major RET formulations and could do so with profit to the field of psychotherapy and personality theory.
Aspectos neuroquímicos: o papel da serotonina no TOC

The therapeutic action of selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) points to the role of 5-HT in this condition. Functional neuroimaging studies showed hyperactivity of the nucleus caudatum in OCD patients, which disappears following treatment with either SSRIs or cognitive behavior therapy. Pharmacological results indicate hypersensitivity of the 5-HT1D receptor subtype in OCD, similarly reversed by chronic administration of SSRIs. Neurochemical data show that these receptors are selectively concentrated in the striatum, and are localized in 5-HT terminals, where they inhibit 5-HT release by the nerve impulse. Since 5-HT reduces the activity of post-synaptic neurons in the striatum, it has been suggested that the hypersensitivity of 5-HT1D receptors contribute to the genesis of OCD symptoms.
Physiology and Molecular Ecology of Synechococcus WH8102 DOE Genomes To Life project CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN SYNECHOCOCCUS SP.: FROM MOLECULAR MACHINES TO HIERARCHICAL MODELING

Objective: The object of this paper is to provide a summary of the literature on the physiology and molecular ecology of bacteria and in particular, Synechococcus WH8102 and the marine Synechococcus/Prochlorococcus group to aid in formulating use cases and requirement documents for our sub-project on “Data-driven hierarchical models. This document is not intended to be a comprehensive review. Excellent current detailed reviews are available on the physiology and molecular ecology of the Synechococcus/Prochlorococcus group (Scanlan and West 2002, Partensky 1999). This paper compliments our other papers on the “Current state of the data in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus,” “Population Dynamics, Marine Community Ecology, and Oceanography of Marine Microbes,” and “Simulation Techniques and Software Engineering Patterns. ”
“Powerful Stuff” — Discourse Processing: Social and Cognitive Aspects of Content Development in Conversation

In this article it is demonstrated how verbal and non-verbal expressions, i.e. speech and gestures, interact to convey social and cognitive information in an excerpt taken from a conversational discussion. The theoretical framework for the article is that of information processing. Within this framework, verbal and non-verbal expressions in the conversation are characterized as discourse operations which develop and refine information in a generative search in analogy with an AI production system. The discourse operations function as underspecified instructions that in interaction with given information states generate new information states in search of a desired information state.
A multiconstrained QoS aware scheduler for class-based IP networks

This article presents a modular scheduler with powerful semantics able to differentiate simultaneously multiple QoS metrics in classbased IP networks. In opposition to traditional scheduling mechanisms, this scheduler encompasses rate, loss and delay differentiation capabilities in a flexible way. This behaviour stems from new relative and mixed differentiation models able to bound QoS parameters on high sensitive traffic classes. The results show that using simple and intuitive configuration procedures the proposed architecture is able to provide enhanced QoS differentiation behavior in IP networks according to the users and applications needs. In this way, this proposal is an useful contribution to system designers and network engineers aiming at simple, intuitive, easy to configure and effective mechanisms to enhance QoS in IP networks.
Interaction of semantic and perceptual processes in repetition blindness

Two experiments examined the effect of activation of higher-level semantic representations on lower-level perceptual representations. A forced-choice discrimination paradigm was used, a method known to produce repetition blindness (RB) for words unconfounded by memory demands or response bias. In Experiment 1, equivalent reductions in RB (as measured by omission error rate and by d') occurred when successive word pairs were identical in: (1) form, pronunciation, and meaning (both uppercase versions of the same word); (2) pronunciation and meaning but not form (lowercase versus uppercase; lexical identity); and (3) pronunciation, but not form or meaning (homonyms; phonological identity), relative to when the words were unrelated on all dimensions. The RB effect was markedly attenuated, but not eliminated, when the words were semantically related. Similar results were obtained in Experiment 2 using a larger group of subjects. These findings show that higher-order semantic representations can have a top-down influence on judgements based on lower-order perceptual representations. The results are discussed within the framework of a cascade model of object processing in the human brain.
Overplotting: Unified solutions under Abstract Rendering

It is impossible to directly visualize all of the items of a large dataset at once. Often, the number of items exceeds the number of pixels. Since direct representation is not a reliable option, a variety of methods have been developed for dealing with indirect representation. Such methods include clustering and intelligent filtering to reduce the number of items being considered in the first place. However, these techniques impose a high computational and interpretation costs. The alternative is to employ techniques to directly deal with the over-plotting that occurs. that occurs when there are too many items to display without overlapping. Over-plotting techniques include alpha composition, color weaving and selective plotting. Each of these has variants that yield different cognitive or computational optimizations. Unfortunately, most advanced over-plotting techniques are wrapped up in specific libraries. Experimenting with different techniques is cumbersome because they have not been provided with uniform interfaces or in a single runtime. This paper presents Abstract Rendering, a recasting of the rendering process that enables concise expression of many over-plotting techniques. Furthermore, the Abstract Rendering formulation yields efficient execution strategies. Combined, it is practical to explore different over-plotting techniques for large data without requiring significant alteration to existing pipelines.