Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AVF Stressmark: Towards an Automated Methodology for Bounding the Worst-Case Vulnerability to Soft Errors

Soft error reliability is increasingly becoming a first-order design concern for microprocessors, as a result of higher transistor counts, shrinking device geometries and lowering of operating voltages. It is important for designers to be able to validate whether the Soft Error Rate (SER) targets of their design have been met, and help end users select the processor best suited to their reliability goals. The knowledge of the observable worst-case SER allows designers to select their design point, and bound the worst-case vulnerability at that design point. We highlight the lack of a methodology for evaluation of the overall observable worst-case SER. Hence, there is a clear need for a so called stress mark that can demonstrably approach the observable worst-case SER. The worst-case thus obtained can be used to identify reliability bottlenecks, validate safety margins used for reliability design and identify inadequacies in benchmark suites used to evaluate SER. Starting from a comprehensive study about how micro architecture-dependent program characteristics affect soft errors, we derive the insights needed to develop an automated and flexible methodology for generating a stress mark that approaches the maximum SER of an out-of-order processor. We demonstrate how our methodology enables architects to quantify the impact of SER-mitigation mechanisms on the worst-case SER of the processor. The stress mark achieves 1.4X higher SER in the core, 2.5X higher SER in DL1 and DTLB, and 1.5X higher SER in L2 as compared to the highest SER induced by SPEC CPU2006 and MiBench programs.
NEW DIRECTIONS IN GLOBAL FOOD MARKETS

Although consumer diets are being upgraded globally, food purchase patterns vary across countries based on income levels. Developing countries are registering rapid increases in retail sales of high-value foods, while developed countries are seeing a rise in sales of products that meet consumer demands for variety, food safety, and quality. To meet these increasingly varied needs, multinational food retailers and manufacturers are expanding their presence in developing countries, and food retailers and suppliers are adding value and differentiating their products in developed countries. The ongoing changes are driving food supply chains to adopt closer coordination between producers and retailers to facilitate customizing products to meet consumer demands. Even as the food industry is becoming more global, food markets are increasingly responding to consumer preferences at a local level and catering to specific demands in each market. Contents: Chapter 1: Factors shaping global food markets, by Mark Gehlhar and Anita Regmi; Chapter 2: Demand for quality drives changes in food supply chains, by Robert P. King and Luciano Venturini; Chapter 3: Retail sector responses to changing consumer preferences: the European experience, by Jean-Marie Codron, Klaus Grunert, Eric Giraud-Heraud, Louis-Georges Soler, and Anita Regmi; Chapter 4: Supermarket expansion in Latin America and Asia: implications for food marketing systems, by Thomas Reardon, C. Peter Timmer, and Julio A. Berdegue; Chapter 5: Global food manufacturing reorients to meet new demands, by Chris Bolling and Mark Gehlhar
Transparent user identity and overcoming Sybil attack for secure social networks

The secure social networks are online based services that permit unique users to build a public profile, to build the number of users with whom they want to communicate and see the connections within the system. Many social networks are online based and it gives the users to communicate via the internet, such as electronic mailing, quick messaging, sharing photos and videos, uploading the thoughts of the users etc. Such social networks are easily affected by attackers (i.e Sybil attack). The Sybil attack is a kind of security threat and it cause when an insecure system is hijacked to claim various identities. The huge scale peer to peer systems meets security thread from damaged calculating fundamentals. The Robust Recommendation algorithm is used to overcome the Sybil attack that affects the application but it fails when the attacker knows about the profiles of authenticate users. The proposed methodology has to eliminate such constraints by using the combination of session management and face detection and recognition techniques. By using these procedures, the application is secured effectively.
Survey of Ontario Beef Producers ' Attitudes about Antibiotics

Surveys were distributed to the beef producers in Ontario, in the fall of 1999, to establish use patterns and perceptions about antibiotics. Most of the 587 respondents thought that antibiotic use needed to be reduced, but as many as half of the respondents may not have known the difference between antibiotics and other injectable products. The results indicate that any guidelines should explain what an antibiotic is, when they should be used, and ways to reduce unnecessary use. Antibiotic use below the median annual percentage of animals treated (10%), was positively associated with: ionophore use in feed; calling a veterinarian for a common animal health problem; and having a larger number of animals on the farm. Additional research is needed to better explain the large variation observed in the percentage of animals treated on the farm and to enhance the quality of prudent use guidelines.
White matter volume changes in people who develop psychosis.

BACKGROUND Grey matter changes have been described in individuals who are pre- and peri-psychotic, but it is unclear if these changes are accompanied by changes in white matter structures. AIMS To determine whether changes in white matter occur prior to and with the transition to psychosis in individuals who are pre-psychotic who had previously demonstrated grey matter reductions in frontotemporal regions. METHOD We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine regional white matter volume in 75 people with prodromal symptoms. A subset of the original group (n=21) were rescanned at 12-18 months to determine white matter volume changes. Participants were retrospectively categorised according to whether they had or had not developed psychosis at follow-up. RESULTS Comparison of the baseline MRI data from these two subgroups revealed that individuals who later developed psychosis had larger volumes of white matter in the frontal lobe, particularly in the left hemisphere. Longitudinal comparison of data in individuals who developed psychosis revealed a reduction in white matter volume in the region of the left fronto-occipital fasciculus. Participants who had not developed psychosis showed no reductions in white matter volume but increases in a region subjacent to the right inferior parietal lobule. DISCUSSION The reduction in volume of white matter near the left fronto-occipital fasciculus may reflect a change in this tract in association with the onset of frank psychosis.
Regulation of Osteoblast Differentiation by Acid-Etched and/or Grit-Blasted Titanium Substrate Topography Is Enhanced by 1,25(OH)2D3 in a Sex-Dependent Manner

This study assessed contributions of micron-scale topography on clinically relevant titanium (Ti) to differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts; the interaction of this effect with 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3); and if the effects are sex-dependent. Male and female rat bone marrow cells (BMCs) were cultured on acid-etched (A, R a = 0.87 μm), grit-blasted (GB, R a = 3.90 μm), or grit-blasted/acid-etched (SLA, R a = 3.22 μm) Ti. BMCs were sensitive to surface topography and underwent osteoblast differentiation. This was greatest on SLA; acid etching and grit blasting contributed additively. Primary osteoblasts were also sensitive to SLA, with less effect from individual structural components, demonstrated by enhanced local factor production. Sex-dependent responses of BMCs to topography varied with parameter whereas male and female osteoblasts responded similarly to surface treatment. 1α,25(OH)2D3 enhanced cell responses on all surfaces similarly. Effects were sex-dependent and male cells grown on a complex microstructured surface were much more sensitive than female cells. These results indicate that effects of the complex SLA topography are greater than acid etching or grit blasting alone on multipotent BMCs and committed osteoblasts and that individual parameters are sex-specific. The effect of 1α,25(OH)2D3 was sex dependent. The results also suggest that levels of 1α,25(OH)2D3 in the patient may be important in osseointegration.
Intellectual Freedom and Libraries: A Quantitative Discourse Analysis Düşünce Özgürlüğü ve Kütüphaneler: Nicel Bir İnceleme

United Nation published Human Rights Declaration in 1948. The most important part of the Human Right Declaration is that, everyone has the right to search and receive information at any time. To this respect, libraries play a significant task in disseminating information (Knowledge) to each individual. An exploratory approach is applied to selected discourses from organizations such as IFLA (International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions), ALA (American Library Association) and TLA (Turkish Librarians’ Association) to find out if there is a coherent relation among texts, by applying Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) technique. Results yield that there existed a positive relation among discourses.
Phoneme recognition in TIMIT with BLSTM-CTC

We compare the performance of a recurrent neural network with the best results published so far on phoneme recognition in the TIMIT database. These published results have been obtained with a combination of classifiers. However, in this paper we apply a single recurrent neural network to the same task. Our recurrent neural network attains an error rate of 24.6%. This result is not significantly different from that obtained by the other best methods, but they rely on a combination of classifiers for achieving comparable performance.
Summarization and Information Extraction in your Tablet

In this article we present a Web-based demonstration of on-line text sum- marization and information extraction technology. News summarization in Spanish has been implemented in a system that monitors a news provider and summarizes the latest published news. The possibility to generate summaries from user's pro- vided text is also available for English and Spanish. The demonstrator also features event extraction functionalities since it identies
Projected free energies for polydisperse phase equilibria

A ``polydisperse'' system has an infinite number of conserved densities. We give a rational procedure for projecting its infinite-dimensional free energy surface onto a subspace comprising a finite number of linear combinations of densities (``moments''), in which the phase behavior is then found as usual. If the excess free energy of the system depends only on the moments used, exact cloud, shadow, and spinodal curves result; two-phase and multiphase regions are approximate, but refinable indefinitely by adding extra moments. The approach is computationally robust and gives new geometrical insights into the thermodynamics of polydispersity.
Simulating party competition and vote decision under mixed member electoral systems

This paper proposes an interactive mechanism between both tiers of mixed-member electoral systems to explain high-level linkage in West Germany, that is, the dominance of district races by the candidates of the two largest parties at the national level. The distinctive feature of the model lies in interactive effects in terms of expectation formation. That is, voters under mixed systems are assumed to utilize national-level PR results to form expectations which, in turn, are used to vote strategically in the plurality tier. To sort out the independent effect of these kinds of interactions, this paper develops a computational model and examines its simulation results.
NEW VARIABLE AMPLITUDE CARRIER OVERLAPPING PWM METHODS FOR THREE PHASE FIVE LEVEL CASCADED INVERTER

This paper presents the comparison of various Carrier Overlapping Pulse Width Modulation (COPWM) Strategies for the chosen three phase Cascaded Multi Level Inverter (CMLI). Various new schemes adopting the constant switching frequency and also variable switching frequency multicarrier control freedom degree combination concepts are developed and simulated for the chosen three phase CMLI. The three phase CMLI, is controlled in this paper with Sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) reference along with Carrier Overlapping (CO) techniques and simulation is performed using MATLAB-SIMULINK. The variation of fundamental RMS output voltage and total harmonic distortion is observed for various carrier overlapping techniques. Among the various equal amplitude carrier overlapping techniques such as COPWM-1, COPWM-2, COPWM-3, and COPWM-4, it is observed that COPWM-3 provides less Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and COPWM-4 provides relatively higher RMS voltage. Among the various Variable Amplitude COPWM (VACOPWM) techniques such as VACOPWM-1, VACOPWM-2, VACOPWM-3, and VACOPWM-4, it is inferred that VACOPWM-3 provides less THD and VACOPWM-2 and VACOPWM-3 provide higher RMS voltage. It also found that VACOPWM strategies perform better than corresponding COPWM strategies.
Vestibular schwannoma: role of conservative management

Abstract Objective: To assess the outcome of conservative management of vestibular schwannoma. Study design: Observational study. Setting: Tertiary referral centre. Patients: Four hundred and thirty-six patients with vestibular schwannoma (490 tumours), including 327 sporadic tumours and 163 tumours in 109 patients with neurofibromatosis type two. Main outcome measures: The relationship of tumour growth to tumour size at presentation, and to certain demographic features. Results: The initial tumour size was significantly larger in the neurofibromatosis type two group (11 mm) than in the sporadic vestibular schwannoma group (5.1 mm). In both groups, 68 per cent of tumours did not grow during follow up (mean 3.6 years; range one to 14 years). The mean growth rate was 1.1 mm/year (range 0–15 mm/year) for sporadic tumours and 1.7 mm/year (range 0–18 mm/year) for neurofibromatosis type two tumours. The tumour growth rate correlated positively with tumour size in the sporadic tumour group, and correlated negatively with age in the neurofibromatosis type two group. Conclusion: Two-thirds of vestibular schwannomas did not grow. Radiological surveillance is an acceptable approach in carefully selected patients. Once a sporadic vestibular schwannoma reaches 2 cm in intracranial diameter, it is likely to continue growing. We do not recommend conservative management for sporadic tumours with an intracranial diameter of 1.5 cm or more. Vestibular schwannoma management is more complex in patients with neurofibromatosis type two.
Fast Facial Feature Tracking with Multi-Cue Particle Filter

The paper represents an effective and robust facial feature tracking approach based on the multi-cue particle filter. Both color and edge distributions are integrated into the filter to ensure the tracking accuracy. Sub-region color model is used to rapidly depict the spatial layout of each facial feature. Furthermore, the paper uses edge orientation histogram as a complementary feature to enhance the robustness of tracking results. In order to enhance the robustness of our work, we propose a point distribution model to constraint face configuration and avoid tracking fails during occlusion. An efficient updating algorithm is introduced to avoid tracking error accumulating problems. Experiments show that the method based on the multi-cue particle filter and the updating algorithm gives us an inspiring tracking result. Compared with other facial feature tracking approaches, the method has the good performance in long-time facial feature tracking with temporary occlusions.
Deviation Optimal Learning using Greedy Q-aggregation

Given a finite family of functions, the goal of model selection aggregation is to construct a procedure that mimics the function from this family that is the closest to an unknown regression function. More precisely, we consider a general regression model with fixed design and measure the distance between functions by the mean squared error at the design points. While procedures based on exponential weights are known to solve the problem of model selection aggregation in expectation, they are, surprisingly, sub-optimal in deviation. We propose a new formulation called Q-aggregation that addresses this limitation; namely, its solution leads to sharp oracle inequalities that are optimal in a minimax sense. Moreover, based on the new formulation, we design greedy Q-aggregation procedures that produce sparse aggregation models achieving the optimal rate. The convergence and performance of these greedy procedures are illustrated and compared with other standard methods on simulated examples.
Critical thinking attitudes for reasoning with points of view

This paper provides the semantics and axiomatization of propositional attitudes relevant to the critical thinking activity. This axiomatization can be used to provide a common ground for reasoning with different resources for the purpose of representing and analysing their points of view about particular issues. It can also be used during interaction with other (possibly human) agents in order to model their mental states and plan argumentative disourse.
Assessing the Public Health Impact of HIV Interventions: The Critical Role of Demographics

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to spread and take the lives of millions around the world. Advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) have substantially extended survivorship without completely removing the risk of transmission. Some preventive interventions have demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials [1,2] but their effectiveness remains to be confirmed at community levels where the optimized level of implementation may not be replicable. In a recent analysis, Kato and colleagues estimated the potential impact of expanding ART and combination prevention in Vietnam [3]. Other mathematical models have also been used to project the public-health impact of HIV prevention into sexually-active populations [4-10]. Presented results in these modeling studies necessarily depend on various assumptions regarding population demographics, sexual behavior and HIV transmission. With focus on the impact of the interventions, the primary interest falls on the ability of the proposed preventive method to reduce transmission, its acceptability by the targeted groups, the willingness ofpotential users to follow prescribed regimen and the public health risks associated with the new product (such as the spread of drug resistance associated with antiretroviral products). However, insufficient evidence is presented to justify the way processes of: i) population recruitment, including immigration and sexual maturation, and ii) population departures, including emigration, age- and gender-specific mortality, infection-induced fatalities, and sexual inactivity are modeled. In this commentary, we discuss the merits of the demographic assumptions employed in Kato et al. [3], among other commonly used, and outline the need for their systematic reassessment.
Perceptual expertise in forensic facial image comparison

Forensic facial identification examiners are required to match the identity of faces in images that vary substantially, owing to changes in viewing conditions and in a person's appearance. These identifications affect the course and outcome of criminal investigations and convictions. Despite calls for research on sources of human error in forensic examination, existing scientific knowledge of face matching accuracy is based, almost exclusively, on people without formal training. Here, we administered three challenging face matching tests to a group of forensic examiners with many years' experience of comparing face images for law enforcement and government agencies. Examiners outperformed untrained participants and computer algorithms, thereby providing the first evidence that these examiners are experts at this task. Notably, computationally fusing responses of multiple experts produced near-perfect performance. Results also revealed qualitative differences between expert and non-expert performance. First, examiners' superiority was greatest at longer exposure durations, suggestive of more entailed comparison in forensic examiners. Second, experts were less impaired by image inversion than non-expert students, contrasting with face memory studies that show larger face inversion effects in high performers. We conclude that expertise in matching identity across unfamiliar face images is supported by processes that differ qualitatively from those supporting memory for individual faces.
The Association between Active and Passive Smoking and Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults and Children in the United States: Results from NHANES

Background Few studies assessing the relationship between active and passive smoking and tuberculosis have used biomarkers to measure smoke exposure. We sought to determine the association between active and passive smoking and LTBI in a representative sample of US adults and children. Methods We used the 1999–2000 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset with tuberculin skin test (TST) data to assess the association between cotinine-confirmed smoke exposure and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among adults ages ≥20 years (n = 3598) and children 3–19 years (n = 2943) and estimate the prevalence of smoke exposure among those with LTBI. Weighted multivariate logistic regression was used to measure the associations between active and passive smoking and LTBI. Results LTBI prevalence in 1999–2000 among cotinine-confirmed active, passive, and non-smoking adults and children was 6.0%, 5.2%, 3.3% and 0.3%, 1.0%, 1.5%, respectively. This corresponds to approximately 3,556,000 active and 3,379,000 passive smoking adults with LTBI in the US civilian non-institutionalized population in 1999–2000. Controlling for age, gender, socioeconomic status, race, birthplace (US vs. foreign-born), household size, and having ever lived with someone with TB, adult active smokers were significantly more likely to have LTBI than non-smoking adults (AOR = 2.31 95% CI 1.17–4.55). Adult passive smokers also had a greater odds of LTBI compared with non-smokers, but this association did not achieve statistical significance (AOR = 2.00 95% CI 0.87–4.60). Neither active or passive smoking was associated with LTBI among children. Among only the foreign-born adults, both active (AOR = 2.56 (95% CI 1.20–5.45) and passive smoking (AOR = 2.27 95% CI 1.09–4.72) were significantly associated with LTBI. Conclusions Active adult smokers and both foreign-born active and passive smokers in the United States are at elevated risk for LTBI. Targeted smoking prevention and cessation programs should be included in comprehensive national and international TB control efforts.