Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of seismic anisotropy in 3D multi-component seismic data

The importance of seismic anisotropy has been recognized by the oil industry since its first observation in hydrocarbon reservoirs in 1986, and the application of seismic anisotropy to solve geophysical problems has been keenly pursued since then. However, a lot of problems remain, which have limited the applications of the technology. Nowadays, more and more 3D multi-component seismic data with wide-azimuth are becoming available. These have provided more opportunities for the study of seismic anisotropy. My thesis has focused on the study of using seismic anisotropy in 3D multi-component seismic data to characterize subsurface fractures, improve converted wave imaging and detect fluid content in fractured reservoirs, all of which are important for fractured reservoir exploration and monitoring. For the use of seismic anisotropy to characterize subsurface fracture systems, equivalent medium theories have established the link between seismic anisotropy and fracture properties. The numerical modelling in the thesis reveals that the amplitudes and interval travel-time of the radial component of PS converted waves can be used to derive fracture properties through elliptical fitting similar to P-waves. However, sufficient offset coverage is required for either the P- or PS-wave to reveal the features of elliptical variation with azimuth. Compared with numerical modelling, seismic physical modelling provides additional insights into the azimuthal variation of P and PS-wave attributes and their links with fracture properties. Analysis of the seismic physical model data in the thesis shows that the ratio of the offset to the depth of a target layer (offset-depth ratio), is a key parameter controlling the choice of suitable attributes and methods for fracture analysis. Data with a small offset-depth ratio from 0.7 to 1.0 may be more suitable for amplitude analysis; whilst the use of travel time or velocity analysis requires a large offset-depth ratio above 1.0, which can help in reducing the effect of the acquisition footprint and structural imprint on the results. Multi-component seismic data is often heavily contaminated with noise, which will limit its application potential in seismic anisotropy analysis. A new method to reduce noise in 3D multi-component seismic data has been developed and has proved to be very helpful in improving data quality. The method can automatically recognize and eliminate strong noise in 3D converted wave seismic data with little interference to useful reflection signals. Component rotation is normally a routine procedure in 3D multi-component seismic analysis. However, this study shows that incorrect rotations may occur for certain acquisition geometry and can lead to errors in shear-wave splitting analysis. A quality control method has been developed to ensure this procedure is correctly carried out. The presence of seismic anisotropy can affect the quality of seismic imaging, but the study has shown that the magnitude of the effects depends on the data type and target depth. The effects of…
Prolonging the Shelf life of Orange Juice Via Lemongrass Extracts

Freshly squeezed, unpasteurized orange juice is very desirable for the consumer because of its fresh aroma and flavor, but the shelf life is less than 6 days at 4 °C. Microbiological quality is the bottleneck for safety and shelf life. So,this study aimed to extend the shelf life of orange juice by using lemongrass extracts as natural preservatives. The effect of adding lemongrass extracts of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3% to orange juice on the physicochemical, microbial, and sensory properties during storage up to 6 months were studied. The most important findings showed that the highest content of antioxidants, phenols, and flavonoids were found in orange juice plus (0.3%) lemongrass aqueous and ethanolic extracts for treatments A3 and B3, compared to all treatments. As a result, orange juice fortified with lemongrass extracts could be considered a good source of antioxidant activity as a free radical scavenger and extending the product's shelf life. Furthermore, lemongrass extracts had the best way to minimize the total number of bacteria in juice samples compared with controls during the storage up to 6 months. Fractionation of phenolic and flavonoid compounds of dried and extracted lemongrass by HPLC method showed that pyrogallol was the predominant phenolic compound of lemongrass powder, aqueous, and ethanolic extracts, while rutin was the predominant flavonoid compound. Results indicated that orange juice fortified with lemongrass aqueous extracts was more favorable than that fortified with ethanolic extracts or with sodium benzoates. Generally, it could be concluded that using lemongrass aqueous and ethanolic extracts extended the shelf life and raised the nutritional and health value of orange juice .
Solar heating of the Arctic mixed layer

Data from the 1975 Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint Experiment (AIDJEX) are used to examine energy exchange between the Arctic mixed layer and the ice pack. Conductivity-temperature-depth profiles from four drifting stations reveal significant heat storage in the upper 50 m of the water column during summer, with mixed layer temperature elevation above freezing δT reaching as high as 0.4°C. Combining δT with turbulent friction velocity obtained from local ice motion provides an estimate of heat flux from the ocean to the ice Fw which was found to be strongly seasonal, with maximum values reaching 40–60 W m−2 in August. The annual average value of Fw was 5.1 W m−2, about half again as large as oceanic heat flux inferred from bottom ablation measurements in undeformed ice at the central station. Solar heat input to the upper ocean through open leads and thin ice, estimated using an ice thickness distribution model, totaled about 150 MJ m−2, in general agreement with integrated values of Fw. Results indicate that oceanic heat flux to the ice in the central Arctic is derived mainly from shortwave radiation entering the ocean through the ice pack, rather than from diffusion of warm water from below. Indeed, during the AIDJEX project the mixed layer appears to have contributed 15–20 MJ m−2 of heat to the upper pycnocline. During the summer, Fw was found to vary by as much as 10–30 W m−2 over separations of 100 to 200 km and thus represents an important term in the surface heat budget not controlled by purely local deformation and thermodynamics.
Investigating the Not-So-Obvious Effects of Structured Pruning

Structured pruning is a popular method to reduce the cost of convolutional neural networks. However, depending on the architecture, pruning introduces dimensional discrepancies which prevent the actual reduction of pruned networks and mask their true complexity. Most papers in the literature overlook these issues. We propose a method that systematically solves them and generate an operational network. We show through experiments the gap between the theoretical pruning ratio and the actual complexity revealed by our method.
detoxification in cucumber plants via induction of S-transferases.

Many pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) enter agroecosystems during reuse of treated waste- water and biosolids, presentingpotential impacts on plant development. Here,acetaminophen, one of the most-used pharmaceuticals, was used to explore roles of glutathione (GSH) conjugation in its biotransformation in crop plants. Acetaminophen was taken up by plants, and conjugated quickly with GSH. After exposure to 5 mg L − 1 acetaminophen for 144 h, GSH-acetaminophen conjugates were 15.2 ± 1.3 nmol g − 1 and 1.2 ± 0.1 nmolg − 1 incucumberroots and leaves,respectively.Glutathione-acetaminophenwasalsoobserved incom-mon bean, alfalfa, tomato, and wheat. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 decreased GSH conjugation. Moreover, the GSH conjugate was found to further convert to cysteine and N -acetylcysteine conjugates. Glutathione S transferase activity was signi ﬁ cantly elevated after exposure to acetaminophen, while levels of GSH decreased by55.4%inrootsafter48h,followedbyagradualrecoverythereafter.EnzymesinvolvedinGSHsynthesis,regen-erationandtransportwereconsistentlyinducedtomaintaintheGSHhomeostasis.Therefore,GST-mediatedcon- jugation likely played a crucial role in minimizing phytotoxicity of acetaminophen and other PPCPs in plants.
Assessing the impacts of intensive forest practices on biodiversity in fragmented landscapes in Portugal

The Mediterranean basin is a biodiversity hotspot which is being threatened by land abandonment and afforestation, most notably with eucalypt plantations, but little research has been done to assess their impact. This study evaluated the impact of eucalypt plantations on biodiversity in the Mediterranean area, taking Portugal as a case study and amphibians, bats and carnivores as the target groups. The impact of eucalypt cover and other landscape, stand and local variables was evaluated in relation to: species richness and species occurrence for amphibians, namely if amphibian species occurrence is influenced by local characteristics (micro-scale), land-use cover (migration and dispersion-scale) or a mix of both and whether the effects differ if the main cover is eucalypt plantations or montado; species richness, bat activity, Kuhl’s bat Pipistrellus kuhlii (the most abundant bat species in the area) activity, for bats; and species occupancy and detection and spatial and temporal co-occurrence patterns for carnivores. Amphibian species occurrence was, generally, not influenced by eucalypt cover, with the exception of the newt Lissotriton boscai, which was negatively affected, and Salamandra salamandra, which was positively affected. Overall, eucalypt plantations had a negative impact on bat activity, species richness and Pipistrellus kuhlii activity and negatively influenced carnivore detection probability across all species in both single and co-occurrence models. Eucalypt plantations had a negative effect on red fox (Vulpes vulpes) occupancy, whilst stone marten (Martes foina) and badger (Meles meles) preferred native land covers. However, eucalypt plantations had no effect on the interactions within this carnivore community. This study confirms the negative impact of eucalypt plantations on bats and carnivores and suggests forest management guidelines to improve biodiversity at the stand and landscape scale. Namely, at a local scale, the implementation of a pond network of different hydroperiods and the exclusion/removal of exotic fish and promotion of understorey vegetation on eucalypt stands; at a landscape scale, it is suggested a multi-functional landscape, promoting eucalypt plantations with diverse age stands and the maintenance/promotion of native and patchy habitats.
Protection Against Shiga Toxigenic Escherichia coli 1 by non-GMO Receptor-Mimic Bacterial Ghosts 2 3 4

18 Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) causes severe gastrointestinal infections in 19 humans that may lead to life-threatening systemic sequelae such as the hemolytic 20 uremic syndrome (HUS). Rapid diagnosis of STEC infection early in the course of 21 disease opens a window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention, for example by 22 administration of agents that neutralise Shiga toxin (Stx) in the gut lumen. We have 23 previously developed a recombinant bacterium that expresses a mimic of the Stx 24 receptor globotriaosyl ceramide (Gb3) on its surface, through modification of the 25 lipopolysaccharide. This construct was highly efficacious in vivo, protecting mice from 26 otherwise fatal STEC disease, but the fact that it is a genetically modified organism 27 (GMO) has been a barrier to clinical development. In the present study, we have 28 overcome this issue by development of Gb3 receptor mimic bacterial ghosts (BGs) that 29 are not classified as GMOs. Gb3-BGs neutralized Stx1 and Stx2 in vitro with high 30 efficiency, whereas alternative Gb3-expressing non-GMO sub-bacterial particles 31 (minicells and outer membrane blebs) were ineffective. Gb3-BGs were highly efficacious 32 in a murine model of STEC disease. All mice (10/10) treated with Gb3-BGs survived 33 challenge with a highly virulent O113:H21 STEC strain and showed no pathological 34 signs of renal injury. In contrast, 6/10 mice treated with control BGs succumbed to 35 STEC challenge, and survivors exhibited significant weight loss, neutrophilia and 36 histopathological evidence of renal damage. Thus, Gb3-BGs offer a non-GMO approach 37 to treatment of STEC infection in humans, particularly in an outbreak setting. 38 39
Pendidikan dan Teknologi

Cloud computing is becoming a technology that many organizations can adopt with dynamic scalability and virtual resources as a service over the Internet. This is likely to have a significant impact on the educational environment in the future. Cloud computing is an excellent alternative for educational institutions that are mainly under budgetary constraints to operate their information systems effectively without spending any more capital on computers and network devices and reside in large data centers. It can dynamically provide servers with the capability to cater to various needs. Needs. Universities take advantage of available cloud-based applications offered by service providers and enable users/students themselves to perform business and academic tasks. In this paper, we will review what cloud computing infrastructure will provide in the educational arena, particularly in universities where computer use is more intensive and what can be done to increase the benefits of typical applications for students and faculty
A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis of fNIRS and fMRI Technology in Neuromarketing

The aim of this study is to perform a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) tools. To achieve this aim, we adopted the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol and bibliometric analysis (VOSviewer) for extracting the relevant papers (articles and reviews) from the Scopus database between 2002 and 2022. A total of 86 papers were included in the analysis. The results showed an increasing trend in publications over the years—the top countries in terms of publication outcome were the United States, Germany, Spain, and Australia. The analysis also identified the most influential authors and institutions in the field. In addition, we analyzed the most frequently cited articles, journals, and keywords related to fNIRS and fMRI tools. This bibliometric analysis provides insights into the current state of research on fNIRS and fMRI tools. It also provides insights into the direction of future research in this field. In this study, we will provide general insights and details about current trends in neuromarketing research using fNIRS and fMRI.
Functional metamirrors using bianisotropic elements.

Department of General Physics, Francisk Skorina Gomel State University, 246019 Gomel, Belarus(Received 5 December 2014; revised manuscript received 23 January 2015; published 6 March 2015)Conventionalmirrors obeythe simplereflection lawthata planewave isreflectedasa planewave, atthesame angle. To engineer spatial distributions of fields reflected from a mirror, one can either shape thereflector or position some phase-correcting elements on top of a mirror surface. Here we show, boththeoretically and experimentally, that full-power reflection with general control over the reflected wavephase is possible with a single-layer array of deeply subwavelength inclusions. These proposed artificialsurfaces, metamirrors, provide various functions of shaped or nonuniform reflectors without utilizing anymirror. This can be achieved only if the forward and backward scattering of the inclusions in the array canbe engineered independently, and we prove that it is possible using electrically and magneticallypolarizable inclusions. The proposed subwavelength inclusions possess desired reflecting properties at theoperational frequency band, while at other frequencies the array is practically transparent. The metamirrorconcept leads to a variety of applications over the entire electromagnetic spectrum, such as opticallytransparent focusing antennas for satellites, multifrequency reflector antennas for radio astronomy, low-profile conformal antennas for telecommunications, and nanoreflectarray antennas for integrated optics.
Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of the recharge boundary condition

The reliability analysis method is integrated with MODFLOW to study the impact of recharge on the groundwater flow system at a study area in New Jersey. The performance function is formulated in terms of head or flow rate at a pumping well, while the recharge sensitivity vector is computed efficiently by implementing the adjoint method in MODFLOW. The developed methodology not only quantifies the reliability of head at the well in terms of uncertainties in the recharge boundary condition, but it also delineates areas of recharge that have the highest impact on the head and flow rate at the well. The results clearly identify the most important land use areas that should be protected in order to maintain the head and hence production at the pumping well. These areas extend far beyond the steady state well capture zone used for land use planning and management within traditional wellhead protection programs.
Genetic architecture and evolution of color variation in American black bears

Color variation is a frequent evolutionary substrate for camouflage in small mammals but the underlying genetics and evolutionary forces that drive color variation in natural populations of large mammals are mostly unexplained. The American black bear, Ursus americanus, exhibits a range of colors including the cinnamon morph which has a similar color to the brown bear, U. arctos, and is found at high frequency in the American southwest. Reflectance and chemical melanin measurements showed little distinction between U. arctos and cinnamon U. americanus individuals. We used a genome-wide association for hair color as a quantitative trait in 151 U. americanus individuals and identified a single major locus (P < 10−13). Additional genomic and functional studies identified a missense alteration (R153C) in Tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) that impaired protein localization and decreased pigment production. Population genetic analyses and demographic modeling indicated that the R153C variant arose 9.36kya in a southwestern population where it likely provided a selective advantage, spreading both northwards and eastwards by gene flow. A different TYRP1 allele, R114C, contributes to the characteristic brown color of U. arctos, but is not fixed across the range. HIGHLIGHTS The cinnamon morph of American black bears and brown bears have different missense mutations in TYRP1 that account for their similar coloration TYRP1 variants in American black bears and brown bears are loss-of-function alleles associated with impaired protein localization to melanosomes In American black bears, the variant causing the cinnamon morph arose 9,360 years ago in the western lineage where it provides an adaptive advantage, and has spread northwards and eastwards by migration
Aerosols in Healthy and Emphysematous In Silico Pulmonary Acinar Rat 1 Models 2

6 There has been relatively little attention given on predicting particle deposition in the respi7 ratory zone of the diseased lungs despite the high prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary 8 disease (COPD). Increased alveolar volume and deterioration of alveolar septum, characteristic of 9 emphysema, may alter the amount and location of particle deposition compared to healthy lungs, 10 which is particularly important for toxic or therapeutic aerosols. In an attempt to shed new light on 11 aerosol transport and deposition in emphysematous lungs, we performed numerical simulations in 12 models of healthy and emphysematous acini motivated by recent experimental lobar-level data in 13 rats [17]. Compared to healthy acinar structures, models of emphysematous subacini were created 14 by removing inter-septal alveolar walls and enhancing the alveolar volume in either a homogeneous 15 or heterogeneous fashion. Flow waveforms and particle properties were implemented to match the 16 experimental data. The occurrence of flow separation and recirculation within alveolar cavities was 17 found in proximal generations of the healthy zones, in contrast to the radial-like airflows observed 18 in the diseased regions. In agreement with experimental data, simulations point to particle depo19 sition concentrations that are more heterogeneously distributed in the diseased models compared 20 with the healthy one. Yet, simulations predicted less deposition in the emphysematous models in 21 contrast to some experimental studies, a likely consequence due to the shallower penetration depths 22 and modified flow topologies in disease compared to health. These spatial-temporal particle trans23 port simulations provide new insight on deposition in the emphysematous acini and shed light on 24 experimental observations. 25
Structural remodeling of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein glycans reveals the regulatory roles in receptor binding affinity

Glycans of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein are speculated to play functional roles in the infection processes as they extensively cover the protein surface and are highly conserved across the variants. To date, the spike protein has become the principal target for vaccine and therapeutic development while the exact effects of its glycosylation remain elusive. Experimental reports have described the heterogeneity of the spike protein glycosylation profile. Subsequent molecular simulation studies provided a knowledge basis of the glycan functions. However, there are no studies to date on the role of discrete glycoforms on the spike protein pathobiology. Building an understanding of its role in SARS-CoV-2 is important as we continue to develop effective medicines and vaccines to combat the disease. Herein, we used designed combinations of glycoengineering enzymes to simplify and control the glycosylation profile of the spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD). Measurements of the receptor binding affinity revealed the regulatory effects of the RBD glycans. Remarkably, opposite effects were observed from differently remodeled glycans, which presents a potential strategy for modulating the spike protein behaviors through glycoengineering. Moreover, we found that the reported anti-SARS-CoV-(2) antibody, S309, neutralizes the impact of different RBD glycoforms on the receptor binding affinity. Overall, this work reports the regulatory roles that glycosylation plays in the interaction between the viral spike protein and host receptor, providing new insights into the nature of SARS-CoV-2. Beyond this study, enzymatic remodeling of glycosylation offers the opportunity to understand the fundamental role of specific glycoforms on glycoconjugates across molecular biology. Covert art Legends The glycosylation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain has regulatory effects on the receptor binding affinity. Sialylation or not determines the “stabilizing” or “destabilizing” effect of the glycans. (Protein structure model is adapted from Protein Data Bank: 6moj. The original model does not contain the glycan structure.) Significance Glycans extensively cover the surface of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein but the relationships between the glycan structures and the protein pathological behaviors remain elusive. Herein, we simplified and harmonized the glycan structures in the S protein receptor-binding domain and reported their regulatory roles in human receptor interaction. Opposite regulatory effects were observed and were determined by discrete glycan structures, which can be neutralized by the reported S309 antibody binding to the S protein. This report provides new insight into the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 S protein infection as well as S309 neutralization.