Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anisotropy and scaling corrections in turbulence.

We analyze second-order turbulent velocity moments both in r and in p space. Finite size corrections induce dramatic differences between local r- and p-space scaling exponents. As analytically accessible examples we focus on two popular parametrizations: the Batchelor parametrization for the r-space structure function and a common parametrization for the energy spectrum, E(p) [is proportional to] p-5/3exp(-p/pd). The spectral bottleneck energy pileup hidden in the Batchelor parametrization results in an extended r-space scaling range, comparable to experimental ones for the same Taylor-Reynolds number Re lambda . Shear effects are discussed in terms of (global) apparent scaling correction delta zeta app(Re lambda ) to classical scaling, which again depend on whether looked at in r or in p space. The differences can be traced back to the subtleties of the crossovers in the velocity moments. Our observations emphasize the need for more experimental information on crossovers between different subranges.
Adaptive interest adjustment in CCN flow control

We propose an adaptive Interest (or content request message) adjustment scheme as an additional enhancement to the CCN (Content-Centric Networking) flow control algorithm described in [11], where the one-to-one message exchange nature of CCN was re-architected to enable more effective one-to-many message exchange. The proposed scheme adaptively determines the optimal transmission time of successive Interest messages, thus effectively adjusts the transmission window size to further enhance link utilization while preserving the benefit of reducing the total number of Interest messages. The optimality of this transmission time interval between Interest messages is a critical factor to the downlink throughput especially with a narrowband uplink as in cellular network, because too frequent Interest message transmissions likely cause uplink congestion while too infrequent transmissions may also cause underutilization of the downlink. This paper proposes an adaptive scheme for optimal Interest transmission time that fully utilizes the downlink while minimizing the unnecessary uplink congestion. The performance of proposed scheme is validated in an experimental testbed built with the CCNx [10] open source code.
Biological Crystallography Protein Crystal Structure Solution by Fast Incorporation of Negatively and Positively Charged Anomalous Scatterers

The preparation of derivatives by the traditional methods of soaking is one of the most time-consuming steps in protein crystal structure solution by X-ray diffraction techniques. Thèquick cryosoaking' procedure for derivatization with halides (monovalent anions) offers the possibility of signi®cantly speeding up this process [Dauter et al. (2000), Acta Cryst. D56, 232±237]. In the present work, an extension of this technique is proposed and the use of two different classes of compounds (monovalent and polyvalent cations) that can be successfully utilized in the quick cryosoaking procedure for the derivatiza-tion and phasing of protein crystals is described. This approach has been tested on hen egg-white lysozyme and has been successfully used to solve the structure of a novel trypsin inhibitor. The possibility of using cations in the fast cryosoaking procedure gives additional ¯exibility in the process of derivatization and increases the chances of success in phase determination. This method can be applied to high-throughput crystallographic projects.
Early life stress and inherited variation in monkey hippocampal volumes.

BACKGROUND Opportunities for research on the causes and consequences of stress-related hippocampal atrophy are limited in human psychiatric disorders. Therefore, this longitudinal study investigated early life stress and inherited variation in monkey hippocampal volumes. METHODS Paternal half-siblings raised apart from one another by different mothers in the absence of fathers were randomized to 1 of 3 postnatal conditions that disrupted diverse aspects of early maternal care (n = 13 monkeys per condition). These conditions were previously shown to produce differences in social behavior, emotional reactivity, and neuroendocrine stress physiology. Hippocampal volumes were subsequently determined in adulthood by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Adult hippocampal volumes did not differ with respect to the stressful postnatal conditions. Based on paternal half-sibling effects, the estimated proportion of genetic variance, ie, heritability, was 54% for hippocampal size. Paternal half-siblings with small adult hippocampal volumes responded to the removal of all mothers after weaning with initially larger relative increases in cortisol levels. Plasma cortisol levels 3 and 7 days later, and measures of cortisol-negative feedback in adulthood were not, however, correlated with hippocampal size. CONCLUSIONS In humans with mood and anxiety disorders, small hippocampal volumes have been taken as evidence that excessive stress levels of cortisol induce hippocampal volume loss. Results from this study of monkeys suggest that small hippocampi also reflect an inherited characteristic of the brain. Genetically informed clinical studies should assess whether inherited variation in hippocampal morphology contributes to excessive stress levels of cortisol through diminished neuroendocrine regulation.
A study of polar codes for MLC NAND flash memories

The increasing density of NAND flash memories makes data more prone to errors due to severe process variations and disturbance. The urgency to improve NAND flash reliability encourages searching for optimal channel coding methods. This paper reports our efforts towards a read channel for flash memories using polar coding. Our contributions include the solutions to several challenges raised when applying polar codes to NAND flash memories in practice. We propose efficient schemes for shortening both non-systematic and systematic polar codes, making polar codewords be easily adapted to flash page of any size. We demonstrate that the decoding performance of the shortened polar codes and LDPC codes are comparable using the data obtained by our NAND flash characterization platform. We show the feasibility of a practical adaptive decoding framework where it is not necessary to construct new polar codes for different channel parameters. Experimental results show that the decoding performance approaches the optimized performance where different codes are constructed for different channel conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first study of polar codes for error correction in flash memories.
Eye gaze tracking using corneal imaging and active illumination devices

Graphical Abstract Abstract This paper shows a novel eye gaze tracking (EGT) technique using the corneal imaging technique. Compared to the existing pupil center and pupil reflection techniques, our approach directly finds PoG in the reflected scene image at the human corneal surface. As a result, it does not suffer from the parallax issue and does not require per-setup system calibrations. To achieve this system, we develop following techniques: First, we use the idea of the gaze-reflection point (GRP), where light from the PoG in the scene reflects at the corneal surface into an eye image. Second, illuminating the whole scene or particular objects using coded structured light enables robust and accurate matching at the GRP to obtain the PoG in a scene image. For this purpose, we show two implementations: a special high-power IR LED-array projector and active LED markers. Experimental evaluation shows that the proposed scheme achieves considerable accuracy and successfully supports depth-varying environments as well as practical applications including observation in a conversation scene. We believe the proposed EGT technique has considerably large potential to solve major issues of current EGT systems, expands the application fields of the EGT and increases the usability of interactive systems.
Studying human expertise: Beyond the binary paradigm

The empirical study of human expertise has grown up largely within the information-processing framework. We contend that assumptions and practices inherited from that framework have significantly hampered the study of expertise. Most studies have been conducted within a binary paradigm that sets novices apart from experts while ignoring any qualitative distinctions in between. End-state description has been preferred over accounts of learning; accounts of learning as a smoothly continuous process have been preferred over accounts of qualitative change. To overcome the binary paradigm, psychologists need to adopt an explicitly developmental approach, one that identifies multiple way stations toward expertise and seeks to explain qualitative changes in knowledge and motivation. We consider two insufficiently developmental conceptions (‘theory-change’ accounts and global stage models) and two others that, in our view, harbour greater promise (the Piagetian framework as elaborated by Feldman and the Vygotskia.
Semantic-based context-role model for Web information sharing

Various autonomous organizations have exposed heterogeneous information resources on the Web in a state out-of-order, which makes information sharing rather difficult. Semantics, organized as Web ontologies, can be used to integrate distributed, large-scale, multiform information resources. In this paper, we outline a notion of semantic-based context-role model for Web information integration and sharing. The implementation of the model and its use case on traditional Chinese medicine are also described.
Scale, Complexity, and Communicative Systems

By the turn of the twenty-first century, Goshorn (2001) observed that discourses about “environment” had become “a constitutive force, not just a topical cluster of issues, events or campaigns” (p. 321). Scholars, he remarked, increasingly were engaging environmental discourse as an “open-ended signifying system” (p. 321). Yet, as it engaged such discourses, the emerging field of environmental communication “largely invented itself” (p. 321), by extending to environmental texts and situations the agenda and methods of its home disciplines—rhetorical and ideographic analyses and the traditional interests of mass communication studies (e.g., agenda-setting, media frames). As a consequence, Goshorn feared environmental communication scholars were not conversant with broader, interdisciplinary intellectual traditions—particularly political and social theory—that were engaging environmental discourses. In this sense, at least, the field has grown, not only in the multidisciplinary theories that influence much of our scholarship, but also in the proliferation of scholarship and research addressing a range of subjects. Yet, this growing, interdisciplinary field “is not well organized and integrated,” as organizers of this session observed, “mostly due to the vast differences in scholar backgrounds and approaches. ” This hardly differs from Coppola and Karis’ (2000) observation a decade earlier. With differing conceptions of communication, they remarked, these differences have sometimes constituted distinct “discourse communities” that “tend toward exclusion and singular approaches to problem solving” (p. xviii). So, we are faced with the question for this session: How do we begin to rethink the contours of the field, its conceptual mapping, and its relationship with closely allied disciplines? Our assignment is broad, and the potential bases for such mapping are many. And, I am unsure that simply suggesting a topical schema or listing of
Variations in the marking of focus in child language

Résumé: Dans les langues germaniques, le focus est typiquement marqué par l’accentuation. Cette étude concerne le marquage du focus par des enfants de 4 à 11 ans en Néerlandais. Nous avons trouvé que les enfants n’utilisent l’accentuation correctement que dans quelques cas. En revanche, ils utilisent la durée des mots et la qualité des voyelles pour indiquer le focus, indépendamment de l’accentuation. Cette utilisation de moyens différents est signe d’un processus dynamique de l’acquisition du modèle adulte.
The effects of signal-to-noise ratio mismatch on Bayesian matched-field source localization performance

The signal-to-noise ratio of real data is rarely known with complete certainty. However, Bayesian matched-field processing techniques for ocean acoustic source localization often require the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to be known a priori. In this paper, the effects of SNR mismatch on the performance of a Bayesian matched-field source localization method, the optimum uncertain field processor (A.M. Richardson and L.W. Nolte, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. vol.89, no.5, 2280-4 (1991)), are investigated. Theoretical and empirical analyses show that when the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate is utilized as the source location estimate, the localization performance is unaffected by the uncertainty regarding the SNR, provided that the assumed SNR is sufficiently high.
WCDMA common pilot power control with cost function minimization

The paper validates the feasibility of automating the setting of common pilot power in a WCDMA radio network. The pilot automation improves operability of the network and it is implemented with control software aimed at load balancing while also assuring pilot coverage. The pilot power of a cell is periodically updated by a gradient descent method that minimizes a cost function. The cost function describes differences in load between the cell and neighboring cells and pilot coverage that terminals of the cell measure. The approach is validated using a dynamic WCDMA system simulator with a deployment of macrocells and microcells on a city region whose measured propagation characteristics are incorporated into the model. The results show that the proposed control method slightly improves the air interface performance measured as a function of packet throughput.
Univariate and Multivariate Analysis of Prognostic Factors in the Surgical Treatment of Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma

Surgery is the only effective treatment able to improve survival of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). However, the significance of prognostic factors on overall survival is still debated. We evaluated early and long-term outcomes of patients resected for hilar cholangiocarcinoma over a 3-year period to determine the role of prognostic factors and their effect on overall survival. Medical records of patients with hilar CCA who underwent resection between January 2001 and December 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors associated with survival. Thirty-two of 45 patients underwent surgical resection with curative intent. Morbidity was 24.4 per cent; perioperative mortality was 0 per cent. Overall median survival was 22.3 months. Well-differentiated tumor grading and R0 resection were independently associated with better survival at multivariate analysis. Aggressive surgery, including biliary resection combined with major hepatectomy, is a safe procedure with low morbidity and mortality in a tertiary referral hepatobiliary center. The main aim of an aggressive surgical approach is to obtain a microscopic margin-negative resection, which is associated with better prognosis. Another important prognostic factor is tumor grading, which is independently associated with survival.
Reconfiguring Ordered Bases of a Matroid

For a matroid with an ordered (or "labelled") basis, a basis exchange step removes one element with label $l$ and replaces it by a new element that results in a new basis, and with the new element assigned label $l$. We prove that one labelled basis can be reconfigured to another if and only if for every label, the initial and final elements with that label lie in the same connected component of the matroid. Furthermore, we prove that when the reconfiguration is possible, the number of basis exchange steps required is $O(r^{1.5})$ for a rank $r$ matroid. For a graphic matroid we improve the bound to $O(r \log r)$.
Automatic disturbances rejection controller for precise motion control of permanent-magnet synchronous motors

A highly robust automatic disturbances rejection controller (ADRC) is developed to implement high-precision motion control of permanent-magnet synchronous motors. The proposed ADRC consists of a tracking differentiator (TD) in the feedforward path, an extended state observer (ESO), and a nonlinear proportional derivative control in the feedback path. The TD solves the difficulties posed by low-order reference trajectories which are quantized at the sensor resolution, and the ESO provides the estimate of the unmeasured system's state and the real action of the unknown disturbances only based on a measurement output of the system. Simulations and experimental results show that the proposed ADRC achieves a better position response and is robust to parameter variation and load disturbance. Furthermore, the ADRC is designed directly in discrete time with a simple structure and fast computation, which make it widely applicable to all other types of derives.
POWER EVALUATION FOR FLUTTER-BASED ELCTROMAGNETIC ENERGY HARVESTER USING CFD SIMULATIONS

Structural instability caused by self exciting aerodynamic forces (flutter) can be used as an effective input source for small scale energy harvesters. The self exciting aerodynamic force exerted on a T-shape cantilever causes periodic vibration, which can be converted into electric power through an electromagnetic transducer. Due to the complexities inherent in the fluid-structure interaction between the cantilever harvester and wind flow, analyzing the structural response of the cantilever and estimating the power output from the flutter based energy harvester are challenging. VXflow, a CFD code based on the vortex particle method, is employed in this study to simulate the wind induced responses of a T-shape cantilever beam and to estimate the power output extracted from the flutter vibration. The estimated aerodynamic damping parameter, together with the mechanical and electromagnetic damping parameters, in the harvester are then used to find the flutter critical wind speed where flutter starts and the proper load resistance.
Shugoshin biases chromosomes for biorientation through condensin recruitment to the pericentromere

To protect against aneuploidy, chromosomes must attach to microtubules from opposite poles (‘biorientation’) prior to their segregation during mitosis. Biorientation relies on the correction of erroneous attachments by the aurora B kinase, which destabilizes kinetochore-microtubule attachments that lack tension. Incorrect attachments are also avoided because sister kinetochores are intrinsically biased towards capture by microtubules from opposite poles. Here, we show that shugoshin acts as a pericentromeric adaptor that plays dual roles in biorientation in budding yeast. Shugoshin maintains the aurora B kinase at kinetochores that lack tension, thereby engaging the error correction machinery. Shugoshin also recruits the chromosome-organizing complex, condensin, to the pericentromere. Pericentromeric condensin biases sister kinetochores towards capture by microtubules from opposite poles. Our findings uncover the molecular basis of the bias to sister kinetochore capture and expose shugoshin as a pericentromeric hub controlling chromosome biorientation. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.01374. 001
Non-Arrhenius kinetics for the loop closure of a DNA hairpin

Intramolecular chain diffusion is an elementary process in the conformational fluctuations of the DNA hairpin-loop. We have studied the temperature and viscosity dependence of a model DNA hairpin-loop by FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) fluctuation spectroscopy (FRETfs). Apparent thermodynamic parameters were obtained by analyzing the correlation amplitude through a two-state model and are consistent with steady-state fluorescence measurements. The kinetics of closing the loop show non-Arrhenius behavior, in agreement with theoretical prediction and other experimental measurements on peptide folding. The fluctuation rates show a fractional power dependence (β = 0.83) on the solution viscosity. A much slower intrachain diffusion coefficient in comparison to that of polypeptides was derived based on the first passage time theory of SSS [Szabo, A. , Schulten, K. & Schulten, Z. (1980) J. Chem. Phys. 72, 4350–4357], suggesting that intrachain interactions, especially stacking interaction in the loop, might increase the roughness of the free energy surface of the DNA hairpin-loop.
Interview de Serge Tisseron

Les nouvelles technologies bouleversent l’identite et l’intimite, les attentes vis-a-vis d’autrui, le rapport aux images et les formes de l’apprentissage. Il en resulte de nouvelles formes de liens et de defenses psychiques. L’education doit etre pensee sur de nouvelles bases, notamment en donnant plus de place a la construction narrative et a l’apprentissage de l’empathie.
Demonstration of sketch-thru-plan: a multimodal interface for command and control

This paper demonstrates a multimodal system called Sketch-Thru-Plan (STP) that enables users to speak and draw doctrinal language and symbols in order to create courses of action. We argue that STP can meet many of the challenges inherent in building user interfaces for operations planning and command-and-control. The system is being transitioned to military organizations for use in planning courses of action.
Accurate Iris Segmentation based on Geometric Method of Pupil Localization

Pattern based analysis of biological data allows iris recognition technology to be highly reliable for personal identification. Universality, uniqueness, permanence, performance, acceptability etc, characteristics of iris signals make iris recognition system to be robust. The pupil of an eye is like a black circular disk leads to pupil detection that means finding of a black disk in the input image. It can be achieved by evaluating the circularity and area of the black region of the input image. So this paper focus on use of pupil parameters such as pupil circularity and pupil radius features of iris. These features can be used for authentications and are generally called as "dynamic features (DFs)" of iris. These features are dependent on some parameters such as how the human eye reacts to light. Extraction of information is done by using these parameters by using segmentation system which localizes the circular iris and pupil region; including removal of eyelids and eyelashes, and reflections and such information is used for biometric recognition purposes.