Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantum Electrodynamics and Renormalization Theory in the Infinite-Momentum Frame

Time-ordered perturbation theory evaluated in the infinite momentum reference frame of Weinberg is shown to be a viable calculational alternative to the usual Feynman graph procedure for quantum electrodynamics. We derive the rules of calculation at infinite momentum, and introduce a convenient method for automatically including z graphs (backward moving fermion contributions) o We then develop techniques for implementing renormalization theory, and apply these to various examples. We show that the P m limit is uniform for calculating renormalized amplitudes, but this is not true in evaluating the renormalization constants themselves. Our rules are then applied to calculate the electron anomalous moment through fourth order and a representative diagram in sixth order. It is shown that our techniques are competitive with the normal Feynman approach in practical calculations. Some implications of our results, and connections with the light cone quantization, are discussed. * Work supported by the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. t Present address: University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. 15260. ** Supported in part by the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission under Contract AT(ll-l)-3075. TT Present address: University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Address after August 1: University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois. ‘*/ (Submitted to Phys. Re.v.)
Hatchet or Hacksaw Blade Planimeter

The hatchet or hacksaw blade planimeter, consists only of a sharpened pointer, a rigid arm, and a knife edge. Its theory was first given by F. W. Hill in the Philosophical Magazine in 1894 and was later simplified by Satterly. Hill and Satterly showed that the numerical value of the area within a closed curve traversed in the proper manner by the pointer is equal to the product of the length of the planimeter arm and the net displacement suffered by the knife-edge as measured along an arc with the pointer at the center of curvature. The present paper gives a relatively simple derivation yielding essentially the same result but using an entirely different method of approach. It is also shown that the procedure for operating this planimeter can be simplified when determining areas within certain types of closed curves. The accuracy of the planimeter is discussed.
Insect Freeze-Tolerance Downunder: The Microbial Connection

Simple Summary The alpine insect fauna of Aotearoa/New Zealand is unusual in that many species survive freezing solid at any time of the year. The physiological mechanisms that operate are not well-understood, but we do know the challenges imposed on cells when liquid water expands to form a solid (ice). Insects that are freeze tolerant start freezing at relatively warm temperatures with the help of ice nucleating agents that foster the slow formation of ice crystals outside cells. Here we consider the potential role of microbes living in the guts of alpine Aotearoa/New Zealand insects to facilitate this widespread ability to tolerate freezing. Many bacteria and fungi produce ice-nucleating agents that mediate formation of ice crystals at temperatures just below 0 °C. Some encourage ice formation on foliage with subsequent tissue damage, allowing microbial access to plant nutrients and causing crop damage. Other roles for ice-nucleating agents may include more positive outcomes for insects by facilitating controlled freezing at relatively warm temperatures. Abstract Insects that are freeze-tolerant start freezing at high sub-zero temperatures and produce small ice crystals. They do this using ice-nucleating agents that facilitate intercellular ice growth and prevent formation of large crystals where they can damage tissues. In Aotearoa/New Zealand the majority of cold adapted invertebrates studied survive freezing at any time of year, with ice formation beginning in the rich microbiome of the gut. Some freeze-tolerant insects are known to host symbiotic bacteria and/or fungi that produce ice-nucleating agents and we speculate that gut microbes of many New Zealand insects may provide ice-nucleating active compounds that moderate freezing. We consider too the possibility that evolutionary disparate freeze-tolerant insect species share gut microbes that are a source of ice-nucleating agents and so we describe potential transmission pathways of shared gut fauna. Despite more than 30 years of research into the freeze-tolerant mechanisms of Southern Hemisphere insects, the role of exogenous ice-nucleating agents has been neglected. Key traits of three New Zealand freeze-tolerant lineages are considered in light of the supercooling point (temperature of ice crystal formation) of microbial ice-nucleating particles, the initiation site of freezing, and the implications for invertebrate parasites. We outline approaches that could be used to investigate potential sources of ice-nucleating agents in freeze-tolerant insects and the tools employed to study insect microbiomes.
Sudden impulses in the magnetosphere observed at synchronous orbit

ATS 1 data on the magnetic field in the equatorial plane at a geocentric distance of 6.6 earth radii have been used to study sudden impulses (si). Fifteen si events that produced effects at ATS 1 were examined. Records on the surface field at high and low latitudes were compared with the ATS 1 record for each event.
Space Law and Space Mining, Exploring New Horizons Amid COVID-19 Pandemic

This study analyses the current scenario with COVID-19 affecting the international and Thai space law, and its impacts and corresponding repercussions upon the Thai economy, ASEAN region and then at international level. The methodology adopted for this study is a mixed method with qualitative research tools collected from key informant interviews and focus group discussions. The data analysis involves the Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat (SWOT) analysis, which has been integrated with Hierarchical Thematic areas to provide the supporting model for wholesome recommendations through analyzing the findings from the research. The key respondents involved several government officials associated with Thai space agencies and departments, along with judges, lawyers, researchers, academicians, non-government organizations (NGO) officials, and law students. The findings provided the need for adoption of Treaty leading to the creation of a space organization which would be accountable towards setting up a legal framework for commencement of space mining operations. The international space tribunal is to be created under this international space organization to resolve any disputes arising out of space mining. The overall implications of this research would lead to the sharing of the benefits of space mining with both developed and developing countries to enhance sustainable development for all mankind. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-SPER-09 Full Text: PDF
Some effects of dust formation on O and C stars - Why carbon stars are underabundant

The prominent 'gap' observed in the (25 - 12) micron distribution of IRAS sources, between colors typifying a blackbody photosphere with T of 2000 K or greater and those of a circumstellar shell with T of 1000 K or less, is exhibited only by oxygen-rich stars. Carbon stars do not share this feature. This difference is readily explained by the ability of carbon to form grains at higher temperatures and lower pressures than silicates. Consequently, the evolution of carbon-rich stars, in both the speed of initiating a mass-loss phase and its duration, is more rapid than that of oxygen-rich stars. This explains their apparent underabundance among Miras. Mass loss from red giants begins with the ability to form dust. Oxygen-rich stars have trouble forming dust, but S stars with oxygen concentration roughly equalling the carbon concentration have almost no dust. In the absence of carbon dredge-up, some rare supernova progenitors may be S stars with masses below 9 solar masses. Such objects may provide the 'gentle' supernovae needed to maintain some close binaries intact. 33 refs.
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Personality Traits; Results from a Large National Cross-Sectional Survey in Qatar

Attitudes to vaccination arise from a complex interplay of personal and environmental factors. This has been true for the COVID-19 vaccination attitudes too and understanding personal factors would help design immunisation strategies that help in infectious disease control. The five-factor model of personality has been established as a valid construct in exploring individual attitudes and traits. This institutional review board approved study explores the relationship between these five domains of personality and attitudes to COVID-19 vaccination in Qatar which has a migrant majority population. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Qatar using an online survey link containing validated tools to measure vaccine hesitancy and personality traits. People from diverse ethnic and sociodemographic backgrounds, amounting to 5340 individuals, completed the self-report survey. After controlling for social and demographic variables, individuals scoring significantly higher on Conscientiousness were more likely to refuse the COVID-19 vaccination, while those scoring significantly lower on Openness to experience and Neuroticism were also more likely to refuse COVID-19 vaccination. Both groups of individuals scoring significantly higher and lower on Conscientiousness and Neuroticism, respectively, were more likely to trust their own research than trust endorsement of the COVID-19 vaccine from their doctor or healthcare organisation. The study highlights the highly complex and sometimes contradictory relationship between vaccine hesitancy and personality traits and makes a case for understanding this relationship better in order to inform successful immunisation strategies.
Design Methodology for a Magnetic Levitation System Based on a New Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm

Multi-objective (MO) optimization is a developing technique for increasing closed-loop performance and robustness. However, its applications to control engineering mostly concern first or second order approximation models. This article proposes a novel MO algorithm, suitable for the design and control of mechanical systems, which does not require any order reduction techniques. The controller parameters are determined directly from a special type of rapid analysis of simulated transient responses. The case study presented in this article consists of a magnetic levitation system. Certain difficulties such as the nonlinearity identification of the magnetic force and duo magnetic field sensor scheme were addressed. To point out the advantages of using the developed approach, the simulations as well as the experiments performed with the help of the created algorithm were compared to those made with common MO algorithms.
Ragweed Major Allergen Amb a 11 Recombinant Production and Clinical Implications

Ragweed pollen is highly allergenic and elicits type I hypersensitivity reactions in the exposed populations. Amb a 11 is a recently discovered component of this pollen, and its biological role in allergy is still being researched. In our study, ragweed allergy patients were recruited prospectively over a three-year period; a comprehensive questionnaire was administered, and sera were collected and stored. The production of recombinant Amb a 11 was achieved in parallel with patients’ recruitment. The gene coding for mature protein was inserted in E. coli and in Sf9 Spodoptera frugiperda cells. The recombinant allergens (designated eAmb a 11 and iAmb a 11) were tested for His-tag presence in Western blot. IgE reactivity was evaluated in 150 patients’ sera for both recombinant allergen forms in ELISA, with 5 positive sera being tested further by hRBL (humanized rat basophilic leukemia) hexosaminidase release assay. Both allergen forms were proven to be IgE-reactive His-tagged proteins, with an extensive overlap of positive sera (92 toward the former recombinant allergen, 100 toward the latter) and an overall Amb a 11 sensitization prevalence estimated at 68.67%. The hRBL mediator release assay revealed a significant, slightly weaker effect of recombinant allergens when compared with nAmb a 1. Sensitization to this major allergen appears to be associated with more severe asthma symptoms (OR = 4.71, 95% CI = 1.81–12.21). In conclusion, recombinant Amb a 11 is a bona fide allergen, which is IgE-reactive and an inducer of hRBL degranulation. It is an important IgE-reactive component from ragweed pollen, with high IgE sensitization prevalence in the sample population and allergenicity of the recombinant allergen comparable to Amb a 1.
A comparative study of radiometric correction methods for optical remote sensing imagery: the IRC vs. other image‐based C‐correction methods

Remotely sensed data have inherent radiometric errors caused by atmospheric and topographic effects. In this paper, the performance of image‐based radiometric correction methods for optical satellite imagery is assessed by comparing variants of the traditional semiempirical C‐correction method with the physically‐based Integrated Radiometric Correction (IRC) method. High‐resolution digital elevation model (DEM) data were used for calculating the topographic parameters needed in both methods. The corrected reflectance obtained by using statistical parameters calculated for the whole of the study area (the general‐c approach) was investigated. In general, high correction accuracy (i.e. low correlation between surface reflectance and topography) was obtained. The IRC method yielded the highest accuracy for any band, indicating that application of this method could improve land‐use/land‐cover (LU/LC) classification. However, the general‐c approach showed a remarkable decrease in accuracy for all methods when applied to specific land‐cover types, particularly in visible bands. Subsequently, higher accuracy was obtained with correction parameters computed by using pixels within each land‐cover type (the specific‐c approach). The difference between these approaches demonstrates the dominant impact of surface features on the correction schemes. In the specific‐c approach, C‐correction gives a higher accuracy in the visible bands (C‐correction parameters tend to be overestimated because of strong haze) whereas IRC provides the best results in infrared bands (less haze). § Present affiliation. Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, 46 Shimoadachi‐cho, Yoshida Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto, 606‐8501 Japan.
Dual Function of CCAT2 in Regulating Luminal Subtype of Breast Cancer Depending on the Subcellular Distribution

Simple Summary Long non-coding RNAs have been demonstrated to play important roles in regulating tumor development and progression in breast cancer, which is tumor type dependent and cellular localization dependent. However, the regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we found a dual function of long non-coding RNA CCAT2 in the luminal subtype of breast cancer, depending on its subcellular distribution. CCAT2 showed an overall downregulation in the tumor tissues from the luminal breast cancer patients. Cytoplasmic CCAT2 in the luminal subtype of breast cancer cell MCF-7 or T47D significantly suppressed cell proliferation and cancer cell stemness in vitro. It inhibited tumor growth in vivo, which was mediated with miR-221-p27 signaling. In contrast, nuclear overexpression of CCAT2 led to upregulation of OCT4-PG1 and the induction of cancer cell stemness. In summary, for the first time, the current study revealed a dual function of lncRNA CCAT2 as a tumor suppressor or oncogene depending upon its subcellular distribution. Abstract Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women around the world. Emerging evidence has indicated the important roles that non-coding RNAs play in regulating tumor development and progression in breast cancer. Herein, we found a dual function of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) CCAT2 in the luminal subtype of breast cancer, depending on its subcellular distribution. CCAT2 showed an overall downregulation in the tumor tissues from luminal breast cancer patients. Transient overexpression of CCAT2 in the luminal subtype of breast cancer cell MCF-7 or T47D significantly suppressed cell proliferation in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Gene expression analysis of cancer stem cell markers including OCT4, NANOG, h-TERT, SOX2 and KLF4; flow cytometry analysis of breast cancer stem cell population, and mammosphere formation assay demonstrated inhibition of cancer cell stemness with transient transfection of CCAT2 in which exogenous CCAT2 mainly distributed in the cytoplasm and regulated miR-221-p27 signaling via RNA sequence interaction. However, overexpression of CCAT2 in MCF-7 cells through pMX retroviral nuclear expression vector accumulated CCAT2 in the nucleus, leading to upregulation of OCT4-PG1, a pseudogene of stem gene OCT4, thereby promoting the cancer cell stemness. In conclusion, the current study, for the first time, revealed a dual function of lncRNA CCAT2 as a tumor suppressor or oncogene depending upon its subcellular distribution. It also demonstrated the regulatory mechanism of cytoplasmic CCAT2 in suppressing tumorigenesis in the luminal subtype of breast cancer.
Testing in industrial experiments with ordered categorical data

This article deals with some techniques for analyzing ordered categorical data from industrial experiments for quality improvement. Taguchi's accumulation analysis method is shown to have reasonable power fordetecting important location effects; however, it is an unnecessarily complicated procedure. For detecting dispersion effects, it need not even be as powerful as Pearson's chi-squared test. Instead two simple and easy to use scoring schemes are suggested for identifying the location and dispersion effects separately. The techniques are illustrated on data from an experiment to optimize the process of forming contact windows in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor circuits.
Machine Learning Approach towards LoRaWAN Indoor Localization

The growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to be rapid, making it an essential part of information technology. As a result, IoT devices must be able to handle data collection, machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, and preprocessing of data, while also considering cost, processing power, and energy consumption. This paper introduces a system for device indoor localization that uses variations in the strength of the wireless signal. The proposed system addresses logistics use cases in which it is imperative to achieve reliable end-to-end delivery, such as pharmaceutic delivery, delivery of confidential documents and court exhibits, and even food, since the same is introduced into human organism and presents a potential risk of terrorist or other attack. This work proposes a concept based on low-power and low-cost LoRaWAN based system that utilizes a Machine Learning technique based on Neural Networks to achieve high accuracy in device indoor localization by measuring the signal strength of a beacon device. Furthermore, using signal strength measurements, that is, RSSI and SNR captured by LoRaWAN gateways, it is possible to estimate the location of the device point with an accuracy of up to 98.8%.
Performance Improvement by Sorting the Transform Coefficients of Host and Watermark using Unitary Orthogonal Transforms Haar, Walsh and DCT

This paper proposes a new watermarking technique in which host and watermark image is converted to frequency domain using orthogonal transforms Haar/Walsh/DCT. These transforms are applied fully, row wise and column wise to host and watermark. Transform coefficients of host image are sorted in descending order of energy and replaced by sorted transform coefficients of watermark. Column and row transforms of Haar, Walsh and DCT prove better over full transform. Further, sorting results in better imperceptibility as it minimizes the energy difference between original host’s transform coefficients and replaced watermark coefficients. Proposed technique gives better performance than unsorted transform coefficients for watermarking. In this paper results of only Haar transform are given due to space limitation.
Nonlinear spin waves for the Heisenberg model and the ferromagnetic–antiferromagnetic bifurcations

We present finite-amplitude spin-wave solutions for the nonlinear equations of the classical Heisenberg model on a general periodic lattice. These are families of periodic solutions bifurcating from the ferromagnetic (FR) and antiferromagnetic (AF or Néel) states which are fixed points of the flow. We allow for longitudinal anisotropy and constant uniform magnetic field in the direction of anisotropy. We find analytical expressions for the energy–frequency (e–w) curves of these families. In particular, we show that the AF families come in pairs of vertical lines. In the expression of both the FR and AF nonlinear spin waves (NLSWs), we are able to eliminate the amplitude in favour of the frequency and/or energy. All special cases of solutions are carefully analysed. We discover that the two AF families end on the FR family of a corresponding wavevector. This correspondence can be made precise without compromising the generality of the lattice. Our major point is the proof that these FR–AF intersections on the e–w plot are isochronous branchings. Hence, we establish a novel view of the AF NLSWs as bifurcations of the FR NLSWs.
6+ years of acoustic thermometry in the North Pacific Ocean: A cycle of the Pacific decadal oscillation

Acoust. measurements of basin‐averaged temperatures have been made in the North Pacific over the last 8 years. The acoustic observations give integral measurements of ocean temperature with the averaging needed to detect weak, gyre‐scale signals out of the dominant mesoscale variability. An acoustic source on Pioneer Seamount off California transmitted to receivers distributed throughout the North Pacific from 1996 to 1999 as part of the Acoust. Thermometry of Ocean Climate (ATOC) project. A second source, located near Kauai, began transmitting in 1997. The Kauai acoustic transmissions are part of the North Pacific Acoust. Lab. (NPAL) project. A 6‐year time series has been obtained with sampling six times per day every 4 days. The cabled‐to‐shore source and receivers provide near real‐time data. Long‐period changes in temperature are apparent in the time series from the Kauai source. The paths from Kauai toward the California coast show steady cooling. A path to the northwest showed warming until early 20.
Sensor expansion through integration of microscanning and superresolution algorithms

The spatial resolution of under sampled or diffraction limited images can be improved through micro scanning and super-resolution technologies. The objective of this Air Force Phase Ii Small Business Innovative Research was to develop and demonstrate real-time or near real-time micro scanning and super-resolution algorithms using passive millimeter wave imagery. A new super-resolution algorithm based on expectation-maximization was developed which is insensitive to missing data, incorporates both positivity and smoothness constraints, and rapidly converges in 15 to 20 iterations. Analysis using measured data shows that the practical resolution gain that can be expected using this algorithm is less than a facto of two. A new micro scanning algorithm was developed and demonstrated that can reliably detect less than one fifth of an IFOV displacement using field test data. The iteration of the super-resolution and microscanning algorithms was demonstrated and resolution gains of four to six times can be achieved if the image is under sampled by a factor of two or three. Consequently, it makes sense to use a wide under sampled FOV sensor in which high spatial resolution can be obtained as desired using micro scanning and super-resolution techniques.