Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Gene Expression Profile Induced by Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α in Hepatoma Cells Using an Oligonucleotide Microarray*

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF-4α), a liver-specific transcription factor, plays a significant role in many liver-specific functions, including lipid, glucose, drug, and ammonia metabolism, and also in embryonal liver development. However, its functions and regulation are not yet clearly understood. In this study, we constructed an adenovirus vector carrying rat HNF-4α cDNA and transfected the adenovirus to human hepatoma cells, HuH-7, to enforce expression of the exogenous HNF-4α gene. We analyzed HNF-4α-induced genes using cDNA microarray technology, which included over 9000 genes. As a result, 62 genes showed a greater than 2.0-fold change in expression level after the viral transfection. Fifty-six genes were consistently induced by HNF-4α overexpression, and six genes were repressed. To assess HNF-4α function, we attempted to classify the genes, which had been classified by their encoding protein functions in a previous report. We could classify 45 genes. The rest of the HNF-4α-sensitive genes were unclassified (4 genes) or not identified (13 genes). Among the classified genes, almost half of the induced genes (26 of 40) were related to metabolism genes and particularly to lipid metabolism-related genes. This cDNA microarray analysis showed that HNF-4α is one of the central liver metabolism regulators.
Xeniaphyllane-Derived Terpenoids from Soft Coral Sinularia nanolobata

A novel tetranorditerpenoid, sinubatin A (1) (having an unprecedented carbon skeleton), a new norditerpenoid, sinubatin B (2) (a 4,5-epoxycaryophyllene possessing an unusual methylfuran moiety side chain), and a known diterpenoid, gibberosin J (3) were isolated from soft coral Sinularia nanolobata. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data.
Please Scroll down for Article International Journal of Geographical Information Science Spatial Data Infrastructures as Complex Adaptive Systems Spatial Data Infrastructures as Complex Adaptive Systems

This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Many researchers throughout the world have been struggling to better understand and describe spatial data infrastructures (SDIs). Our knowledge of the real forces and mechanisms behind SDIs is still very limited. The reason for this difficulty might lie in the complex, dynamic and multifaceted nature of SDIs. To evaluate the functioning and effects of SDIs we must have a proper theory and understanding of their nature. This article describes a new approach to understanding SDIs by looking at them through the lens of complex adaptive systems (CASs). CASs are frequently described by the following features and behaviours: complexity, components, self-organization, openness, unpre-dictability, nonlinearity and adaptability, scale-independence, existence of feedback loop mechanism and sensitivity to initial conditions. In this article both CAS and SDI features are presented, examined and compared using three National SDI case studies from the Netherlands, Australia and Poland. These three National SDIs were carefully analysed to identify CAS features and behaviours. In addition, an Internet survey of SDI experts was carried out to gauge the degree to which they consider SDIs and CASs to be similar. This explorative study provides evidence that to a certain extent SDIs can be viewed as CASs because they have many features in common and behave in a similar way. Studying SDIs as CASs has significant implications for our understanding of SDIs. It will help us to identify and better understand the key factors and conditions for SDI functioning. Assuming that SDIs behave much like CASs, this also has implications for their assessment: assessment techniques typical for linear and predictable systems may not be valid for complex and adaptive systems. This implies that future studies on the development of an SDI assessment framework must consider the complex …
Development of the Relationship between Active and Passive Muscle Power in Preterms after Term Age

Fifty-eight infants were assessed with an instrument which is designed to evaluate the development of the relationship between active and passive muscle power. The purpose of this longitudinal assessment was to investigate whether preterms show a different development course than fullterms in the relationship between these two components of muscle power. Thirty-seven low-risk preterms and twenty-one healthy fullterms were followed from term until 24 weeks corrected age. It is concluded that preterms differ markedly from fullterms in the developing interrelationship between active and passive muscle power. The value of the instrument for detecting signs of early pathology is discussed.
Recognizing patterns in streams with imprecise timestamps

Large-scale event systems are becoming increasingly popular in a variety of domains. Event pattern evaluation plays a key role in monitoring applications in these domains. Existing work on pattern evaluation, however, assumes that the occurrence time of each event is known precisely and the events from various sources can be merged into a single stream with a total or partial order. We observe that in real-world applications event occurrence times are often unknown or imprecise. Therefore, we propose a temporal model that assigns a time interval to each event to represent all of its possible occurrence times and revisit pattern evaluation under this model. In particular, we propose the formal semantics of such pattern evaluation, two evaluation frameworks, and algorithms and optimizations in these frameworks. Our evaluation results using both real traces and synthetic systems show that the event-based framework always outperforms the point-based framework and with optimizations, it achieves high efficiency for a wide range of workloads tested.
Epileptiform activity triggers long‐term plasticity of GABAB receptor signalling in the developing rat hippocampus

GABAB receptor (GABABR)‐mediated presynaptic inhibition regulates neurotransmitter release from synaptic terminals. In the neonatal hippocampus, GABABR activation reduces GABA release and terminates spontaneous network discharges called giant depolarizing potentials (GDPs). Blocking GABABRs transforms GDPs into longer epileptiform discharges. Thus, GABABR‐mediated presynaptic inhibition of GABA release (GABA auto‐inhibition) controls both spontaneous network activity and excitability in the developing hippocampus. Here we show that extensive release of endogenous GABA during epileptiform activity impairs GABA auto‐inhibition, but not GABABR‐mediated inhibition of glutamate release, leading to hyperexcitability of the neonatal hippocampal network. Paired‐pulse depression of GABA release (PPD) and heterosynaptic depression of glutamate release were used to monitor the efficacy of presynaptic GABABR‐mediated inhibition in slices. PPD, but not heterosynaptic depression, was dramatically reduced after potassium (K+)‐induced ictal‐like discharges (ILDs), suggesting a selective impairment of GABABR‐dependent presynaptic inhibition of GABAergic terminals. Impairing GABA auto‐inhibition induced a 44% increase in GDP width and the appearance of pathological network discharges. Preventing GABA‐induced activation of GABABRs during ILDs avoided PPD loss and most modifications of the network activity. In contrast, a partial block of GABABRs induced network discharges strikingly similar to those observed after K+‐driven ILDs. Finally, neither loss of GABA auto‐inhibition nor network hyperexcitability could be observed following synchronous release of endogenous GABA in physiological conditions (during GDPs at 1 Hz). Thus, epileptiform activity was instrumental to impair GABABR‐dependent presynaptic inhibition of GABAergic terminals. In conclusion, our results indicate that endogenous GABA released during epileptiform activity can reduce GABA auto‐inhibition and trigger pathological network discharges in the newborn rat hippocampus. Such functional impairment may play a role in acute post‐seizure plasticity.
The real-time operating system of MARS

This paper gives a short overview of the architecture of the distributed real-time system MARS (MAintainable Real-Time System) and describes the design and implementation of its operating system. The main purpose of the MARS kernel is to achieve a timely execution of hard real-time tasks and to provide an efficient communication mechanism suitable for distributed real-time systems.
High-Frequency Dynamics of Ocean pH: A Multi-Ecosystem Comparison

The effect of Ocean Acidification (OA) on marine biota is quasi-predictable at best. While perturbation studies, in the form of incubations under elevated pCO2, reveal sensitivities and responses of individual species, one missing link in the OA story results from a chronic lack of pH data specific to a given species' natural habitat. Here, we present a compilation of continuous, high-resolution time series of upper ocean pH, collected using autonomous sensors, over a variety of ecosystems ranging from polar to tropical, open-ocean to coastal, kelp forest to coral reef. These observations reveal a continuum of month-long pH variability with standard deviations from 0.004 to 0.277 and ranges spanning 0.024 to 1.430 pH units. The nature of the observed variability was also highly site-dependent, with characteristic diel, semi-diurnal, and stochastic patterns of varying amplitudes. These biome-specific pH signatures disclose current levels of exposure to both high and low dissolved CO2, often demonstrating that resident organisms are already experiencing pH regimes that are not predicted until 2100. Our data provide a first step toward crystallizing the biophysical link between environmental history of pH exposure and physiological resilience of marine organisms to fluctuations in seawater CO2. Knowledge of this spatial and temporal variation in seawater chemistry allows us to improve the design of OA experiments: we can test organisms with a priori expectations of their tolerance guardrails, based on their natural range of exposure. Such hypothesis-testing will provide a deeper understanding of the effects of OA. Both intuitively simple to understand and powerfully informative, these and similar comparative time series can help guide management efforts to identify areas of marine habitat that can serve as refugia to acidification as well as areas that are particularly vulnerable to future ocean change.
Fighting Coercion Attacks in Key Generation using Skin Conductance

Many techniques have been proposed to generate keys including text passwords, graphical passwords, biometric data and etc. Most of these techniques are not resistant to coercion attacks in which the user is forcefully asked by an attacker to generate the key to gain access to the system or to decrypt the encrypted file. We present a novel approach in generating cryptographic keys to fight against coercion attacks. Our novel technique incorporates the user's emotional status, which changes when the user is under coercion, into the key generation through measurements of the user's skin conductance. We present a model that generates cryptographic keys with one's voice and skin conductance. In order to exploremore, a preliminary user study with 39 subjects was done which shows that our approach has moderate false-positive and false-negative rates. We also present the attacker's strategy in guessing the cryptographic keys, and show that the resulting change in the password space under such attacks is small.
Title: Temporal Integration at Consecutive Processing Stages in the Auditory Pathway of The

2 Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany 8 Running Title: Temporal integration in the auditory pathway 9 Corresponding author: Sarah Wirtssohn, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, 10 Behavioural Physiology Group, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany 11 Email: sarah.wirtssohn@biologie.hu-berlin.de 12 Fax: 0049 (0)3
Genome-Wide Association Analysis of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in the Population-Based KORA Study Sheds New Light on Intergenic Regions

Background—High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) is a strong risk factor for atherosclerosis and is assumed to be under considerable genetic control. We aimed to identify gene regions that influence HDLC levels by a genome-wide association analysis in the population-based KORA (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg) study. Methods and Results—In KORA S3/F3 (n=1643), we analyzed 377 865 quality-checked single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; 500K, Affymetrix, Santa Clara, Calif), complemented by the publicly available genome-wide association results from the Diabetes Genetics Initiative (n=2631) and by replication data from KORA S4 (n=4037) and the Copenhagen City Heart Study (n=9205). Among the 13 SNPs selected from the KORA S3/F3 500K probability value list, 3 showed consistent associations in subsequent replications: 1 SNP 10 kb upstream of CETP (pooled probability value=8.5×10−27), 1 SNP approximately 40 kb downstream of LIPG (probability value=4.67×10−10), both independent of previously reported SNPs, and 1 from an already reported region of LPL (probability value=2.82×10−11). Bioinformatical analyses indicate a potential functional relevance of the respective SNPs. Conclusions—The present genome-wide association study identified 2 interesting HDLC-relevant regions upstream of CETP and downstream of LIPG. This draws attention to the importance of long-range effects of intergenic regions, which have been underestimated so far, and may impact future candidate-gene–association studies toward extending the region analyzed. Furthermore, the present study reinforced CETP and LPL as HDLC genes and thereby underscores the power of this type of genome-wide association approach to pinpoint associations of common polymorphisms with effects explaining as little as 0.5% of the HDLC variance in the general population.
X-ray structure of the magnesium(II).ADP.vanadate complex of the Dictyostelium discoideum myosin motor domain to 1.9 A resolution.

The structure of the vanadate-trapped ADP complex of a truncated head of Dictyostelium myosin II consisting of residues Asp 2-Asn 762 has been determined by molecular replacement at 1.9 A resolution and refined to a crystallographic R-factor of 19.4%. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group C2221 where a = 84.50 A, b = 145.4 A, and c = 152.8 A. The conformation of the protein is similar to that of MgADP.AlF4. SlDc [Fisher, A.J., et al. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 8960-8972]. The nucleotide binding site contains a complex between MgADP and vanadate where MgADP exhibits a very similar conformation to that seen in previous complexes. The vanadate ion adopts a trigonal bipyramidal coordination. The three equatorial oxygen ligands are fairly short, average 1.7 A, relative to a single bond distance of approximately 1.8 A and are coordinated to the magnesium ion, N zeta of Lys 185, and five other protein ligands. The apical coordination to the vanadate ion is filled by a terminal oxygen on the beta-phosphate of ADP and a water molecule at bond distances of 2.1 and 2.3 A, respectively. The long length of the apical bonds suggests that the bond order is considerably less than unity. This structure confirms the earlier suggestion that vanadate is a model for the transition state of ATP hydrolysis and thus provides insight into those factors that are responsible for catalysis. In particular, it shows that the protein ligands and water structure surrounding the gamma-phosphate pocket are oriented to stabilize a water molecule in an appropriate position for in-line nucleophilic attack on the gamma-phosphorus of ATP. This structure reveals also an orientation of the COOH-terminal region beyond Thr 688 which is very different from that observed in either MgADP.BeFx. SlDc or chicken skeletal myosin subfragment 1. This is consistent with the COOH-terminal region of the molecule playing an important role in the transduction of chemical energy of hydrolysis of ATP into mechanical movement.
Design and analysis of X-band substrate integrated waveguide Vivaldi array antenna

A substrate integrated waveguide Vivaldi array antenna is designed and analyzed. The array antenna is made of two Vivaldi structure radiation elements, and the antenna is fed by an equal power divider with substrate integrated waveguide technology. Each radiation element is index gradient antipodal structure are on both sides of substrate. The reflection coefficient of the array antenna is less than -10 dB from 8.6 GHz to 10 GHz. The gain of the array antenna is 10.3dB.
Novel Artificial Tears Containing Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid: An In Vitro Re-Epithelialization Study

Dry eye syndrome is a common disease which can damage the corneal epithelium. It is treated with eye drops to stimulate tear production and hydrate the corneal surface. The most prescribed artificial tear remedies contain hyaluronic acid (HA), which enhances epithelial wound healing, improving tissue health. To the best of our knowledge, only a few recent studies have investigated cross-linked HA (HA-CL) in eye drops for human applications. This work consists in an in vitro evaluation of the re-epithelialization ability of two different preparations containing a recently synthetized HA cross-linked with urea: 0.02% (w/v) HA-CL (solution 1, S1), and 0.4% (w/v) HA-CL (solution 2, S2). The study was conducted on both 2D human corneal cells (HCEpiC) and 3D reconstructed tissues of human corneal epithelium (HCE). Viability by 3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, pro-inflammatory cytokine release (interleukin-8, IL-8) by ELISA, and morphology by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining were evaluated. In addition, to understand the molecular basis of the re-epithelialization properties, cyclin D1 levels were assessed by western blot. The results showed no cellular toxicity, a slight decrease in IL-8 release, and restoration of epithelium integrity when the wounded 3D model was treated with S1 and S2. In parallel, cyclin D1 levels increased in cells treated with both S1 and S2.
CS168: The Modern Algorithmic Toolbox Lecture #13: Sampling and Estimation

This week, we will cover tools for making inferences based on random samples drawn from some distribution of interest (e.g. a distribution over voter priorities, customer behavior, ip addresses, etc.). We will also learn how to use sampling techniques to solve hard problems— both problems that inherently involve randomness, as well as those that do not. As a warmup, to get into the probabilistic mindset, we will see a very cute, and useful algorithm for drawing samples from a datastream.
Citalopram in the Treatment of Depression

OBJECTIVE: To review the efficacy and safety of citalopram in the treatment of depression. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE search (1966–April 2000), Current Contents search, additional references listed in articles, and unpublished data obtained from the manufacturer were used to identify data from scientific literature. Studies evaluating citalopram (i.e., abstracts, clinical trials, data on file with the manufacturer) were considered for inclusion. STUDY SELECTION: English-language literature was reviewed to evaluate the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, and adverse effects of citalopram. DATA EXTRACTION: Controlled animal and human clinical studies published in the English-language literature were reviewed and evaluated. Clinical trials selected for inclusion were limited to those in human subjects and included data from animals if human data were not available. DATA SYNTHESIS: Citalopram is an antidepressant belonging to the class of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) available for the treatment of depression. Citalopram offers therapeutic efficacy similar to that of the other SSRIs and a more favorable adverse effect profile than that of the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Citalopram does not cause anticholinergic or cardiovascular adverse effects associated with the TCAs. Citalopram is the most selective SSRI and, unlike other SSRIs, seems to be relatively free of interaction mediated by the cytochrome P450 system. Citalopram is also the least expensive antidepressant available to date. This review of citalopram includes data from clinical trials comparing safety, tolerability, efficacy, and pharmacoeconomics with TCAs and SSRIs. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical trials demonstrate that citalopram's therapeutic efficacy is significantly greater than that of placebo and is comparable with that of other antidepressants. Citalopram has a favorable adverse effect profile, and thus may be useful in treating depressed patients who cannot tolerate anticholinergic or cardiovascular adverse effects associated with TCAs. It may also be useful in patients with comorbid illnesses requiring concomitant medicines.
Moving obstacle avoidance for mobile robot moving on designated path

In reality, it is necessary to define the accessible area of the robot in an environment which may consist of door entrance, descending stairways and others. In this paper, a method to closely follow the global designated path by setting manually. In this method, the robot moves in a range of velocities and thus being able to avoid obstacle staying closely to the designated path. The results of the experiments verify that this method is able to let the robot move closely to the designated path while avoiding moving obstacle.
Successful Salvage and Long-Term Survival after Recurrent Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor

Purpose. The objective of this study is to report a case of a rare, highly lethal tumor, extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumor (EMRT) in a 43-year-old man who initially presented with a local recurrence and is now continuously disease free 14 years after aggressive surgical treatment. The case and literature are discussed.
Web reconfiguration by spatio-temporal page personalization rules based on access histories

We propose an idea for reconfiguring the contents of Web pages based on users' spatio-temporal information (time and location) and their access histories. The major objective of the proposed mechanism is to realize the reflection of a Web page author's intention about his Web data. The active rules of active database systems are closely related to our use of Web reconfiguration for changing the view of a page. We regard: a user's request for reading a page, combined with his situation (location, date, schedule and etc.) as an event; and an access history of each user and/or an aggregation of accesses as a condition of our page personalization rule. Also, the behavior of the server is regarded as an action. A page personalization rule for Web page reconfiguration is described in a declarative manner, which the author can define easily as its metadata.