Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attribute identification based IoT fog data security control and forwarding

As Internet of Things (IoT) applications continue to proliferate, traditional cloud computing is increasingly unable to meet the low-latency demands of these applications. The IoT fog architecture solves this limitation by introducing fog servers in the fog layer that are closer to the IoT devices. However, this architecture lacks authentication mechanisms for information sources, security verification for information transmission, and reasonable allocation of fog nodes. To ensure the secure transmission of end-to-end information in the IoT fog architecture, an attribute identification based security control and forwarding method for IoT fog data (AISCF) is proposed. AISCF applies attribute signatures to the IoT fog architecture and uses software defined network (SDN) to control and forward fog layer data flows. Firstly, IoT devices add attribute identifiers to the data they send based on attribute features. The ingress switch then performs fine-grained access control on the data based on these attribute identifiers. Secondly, SDN uses attribute features as flow table matching items to achieve fine-grained control and forwarding of fog layer data flows based on attribute identifiers. Lastly, the egress switch dynamically samples data flows and verifies the attribute signatures of the sampled data packets at the controller end. Experimental validation has demonstrated that AISCF can effectively detect attacks such as data tampering and forged matching items. Moreover, AISCF imposes minimal overhead on network throughput, CPU utilization and packet forwarding latency, and has practicality in IoT fog architecture.
Sensitization Strategies of Lateral Flow Immunochromatography for Gold Modified Nanomaterials in Biosensor Development

Abstract Gold nanomaterials have become very attractive nanomaterials for biomedical research due to their unique physical and chemical properties, including size dependent optical, magnetic and catalytic properties, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), biological affinity and structural suitability. The performance of biosensing and biodiagnosis can be significantly improved in sensitivity, specificity, speed, contrast, resolution and so on by utilizing multiple optical properties of different gold nanostructures. Lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) based on gold nanoparticles (GNPs) has the advantages of simple, fast operation, stable technology, and low cost, making it one of the most widely used in vitro diagnostics (IVDs). However, the traditional colloidal gold (CG)-based LFIA can only achieve qualitative or semi-quantitative detection, and its low detection sensitivity cannot meet the current detection needs. Due to the strong dependence of the optical properties of gold nanomaterials on their shape and surface properties, gold-based nanomaterial modification has brought new possibilities to the IVDs: people have attempted to change the morphology and size of gold nanomaterials themselves or hybrid with other elements for application in LFIA. In this paper, many well-designed plasmonic gold nanostructures for further improving the sensitivity and signal output stability of LFIA have been summarized. In addition, some opportunities and challenges that gold-based LFIA may encounter at present or in the future are also mentioned in this paper. In summary, this paper will demonstrate some feasible strategies for the manufacture of potential gold-based nanobiosensors of post of care testing (POCT) for faster detection and more accurate disease diagnosis.
Multimodal Neural Machine Translation Using CNN and Transformer Encoder

Multimodal machine translation uses images related to source language sentences as inputs to improve translation quality. Previous multimodal Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models, which incorporate visual features of each image region into an encoder for source language sentences or an attention mechanism between an encoder and a decoder, cannot catch the relation between visual features from each image region. This paper proposes a new multimodal NMT model, which encodes an input image using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and a Transformer encoder. In particular, the proposed image encoder first extracts visual features from each image region using a CNN, and then encodes an input image on the basis of the extracted visual features using a Transformer encoder, where the relation between visual features from each image region are captured by a self-attention mechanism of the Transformer encoder. The experiments on the English-German translation task using the Multi30k data set show that the proposed model achieves 0.96 BLEU points improvement against a baseline Transformer NMT model without image inputs and 0.47 BLEU points improvement against a baseline multimodal Transformer NMT model without a Transformer encoder for images.
Brain Region Differences in α1- and α5-Subunit-Containing GABAA Receptor Proteomes Revealed with Affinity Purification and Blue Native PAGE Proteomics

GABAA receptors are the major inhibitory receptors in the brain. They are hetero-pentamers with a composition of predominantly two α, two β, and one γ or δ subunit. Of the six α subunit genes, the α5 subunit displays a limited spatial expression pattern and is known to mediate both phasic and tonic inhibition. In this study, using immunoaffinity-based proteomics, we identified the α5 subunit containing receptor complexes in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb. The α1–α5 interaction was identified in both brain regions, albeit with significantly different stoichiometries. In line with this, reverse IPs using anti-α1 antibodies showed the α5–α1 co-occurrence and validated the quantitative difference. In addition, we showed that the association of Neuroligin 2 with α1-containing receptors was much higher in the olfactory bulb than in the hippocampus, which was confirmed using blue native gel electrophoresis and quantitative mass spectrometry. Finally, immunocytochemical staining revealed a co-localization of α1 and α5 subunits in the post-synaptic puncta in the hippocampus.
Cooperative Semantic Communication With On-Demand Semantic Forwarding

In this paper, a deep learning-based cooperative semantic communication system is proposed on relay channels. In order to enhance the reliability and adaptability of the system to varying channel conditions, an on-demand semantic forwarding framework is established, where the relay attempts to recover and re-transmit the source semantic information, as required by the destination. To be specific, for determining whether a semantic forwarding is needed from the relay, a semantic similarity check $(\textit {SSC})$ is proposed, based on which the degree of semantic information recovery at the destination can be accurately estimated. On the other hand, in order to effectively merge the semantic information received through different paths, a semantic combining $(\textit {SeC})$ method is proposed by combining the semantic features abstracted from both the direct link and the relay link. For achieving a desirable performance trade-off between the degree of semantic information recovery and the transmit energy consumption, a new metric of semantic energy efficiency (SEE) is proposed. Simulation results verify the performance gains achieved by the proposed cooperative semantic communication system with on-demand semantic forwarding, as compared to the state-of-the-art schemes employing separate source-channel coding in low-to-medium signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes. Furthermore, as compared to the case with always-forwarding, almost the same performance is achieved by the proposed on-demand forwarding, but with lower energy consumption.
Assessment of the recreational value of European forest management alternatives

This report describes research carried out to derive scores for the recreational value of 240 forest stand types across Europe. The scores were obtained through a Delphi survey involving 46 European experts organised into 4 regional panels: Great Britain, Nordic Region, Central Europe, and Iberia. In each region, 60 forest stand types were defined according to three tree species types (conifer, broadleaved, and mixed), four phases of development (i.e. stand ages: establishment, young, medium and adult), and five forest management alternatives (FMAs) on a continuum from low to high levels of management intensity (forest nature reserves, close-to-nature forests, combined-objective forestry, intensive even-aged forestry, and wood biomass production). The resulting scores were applied in two ways. First, they were combined with outputs from the European forest resource projection model, EFISCEN, to estimate current and future recreational values under different policy scenarios. This is reported in EFORWOOD D2.3. 7. Secondly, which is the focus of this report, conjoint analysis was used to determine, in each European region, the relative importance of the three variables that defined the forest stand types: type of tree species, phase of development (i.e. stand age), and FMA. The research complements EFORWOOD D2.3. 3 which used other data derived from the same Delphi survey to assess the nature, and relative importance, of the relationship between 12 key silvicultural attributes and the recreational value of forests in each of the four regions. The findings suggest that, across Europe, tree species composition was of relatively minor importance in explaining the overall variation in scores. In UK and Central Europe, comparably high importance was attached to FMA and phase of development, while in the Nordic Region and Iberia, phase of development was considered more important than FMA. The relative importance attached to each FMA suggests that most visitors prefer close-to-nature or combined-objective forestry to unmanaged forest nature reserves. The low importance attached to tree species suggest that criticism directed towards non-native conifers, and perceived preferences for broadleaves across Europe, may not be due to the choice of tree species per se, but the use of conifers in intensive management regimes characterized by dense even-aged monocultures and short rotation lengths. It is acknowledged that such a finding may hide substantial variation in preferences between individuals and social groups, between people pursuing different recreational activities, and between geographical regions with their contrasting cultural landscapes.
An Indoor Passive Positioning Method Using CSI Fingerprint Based on Adaboost

Wi-Fi fingerprint-based indoor positioning systems have extensive application prospects. Indoor positioning based on channel state information (CSI) becomes a research hotspot because it can provide fine-grained information. This paper proposes the Adaboost positioning system (ABPS) that uses the phase information in CSI and the ensemble learning (EL) method to train the fingerprint map. In this system, the abnormal phase data is eliminated by density-based clustering and the remainder is linearly transformed to build the fingerprint map. Through continuous iteration with the Adaboost algorithm, the sample weights of the training sets are continuously adjusted to prepare for classification. Finally, it can achieve position coordinates regression by means of confidence level. A series of experiments have been conducted to illustrate the effects of EL parameters, such as the number of iterations, the maximum depth of decision tree, the maximum number of features, and the minimum number of samples required for node subdivision. Meanwhile, the influence of input data sets size is investigated in an open environment and a complex laboratory environment. The experimental results of various classification and regression methods are also discussed, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A High Throughput In-MRAM-Computing Scheme Using Hybrid p-SOT-MTJ/GAA-CNTFET

Silicon-based semiconductor transistors are approaching their physical limits due to shrinking feature sizes. Simultaneously, traditional silicon-based von Neumann architectures exhibit significant latency and power consumption issues in data-centric applications, such as the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence. To tackle these challenges, this study introduces a novel approach: Magnetoresistance Random Access Memory (MRAM) computing in-memory (CIM) using gate-all-around carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (GAA-CNTFET). The proposed MRAM array comprised three transistors and one perpendicular magnetic anisotropy spin-orbit torque magnetic tunnel junction (p-SOT-MTJ) (3T1M) cell and achieves full-array Boolean logic operations and half/full-adder operations. The calculated results can be stored in-situ during the computing phase without requiring additional peripheral circuits. A 16 Kb MRAM was simulated in both GAA-CNTFET/p-SOT-MTJ and 14-nm FinFET/p-SOT-MTJ technologies to examine the effectiveness of the proposed design. Compared to its 14-nm FinFET/p-SOT-MTJ counterparts, the write and computing latencies of the GAA-CNTFET/p-SOT-MTJ CIM macro were reduced by approximately 21% and 20.6%, respectively, while the read and computing energy consumption by approximately 45.3% and 24.7%, respectively. Moreover, the proposed in-memory Boolean logic throughput was 8192 GOPS, which was approximately 160–250 times higher than that of existing CIM solutions, in which only two rows of word lines can be activated.
Multiple-Pathway Synergy Alters Steroidogenesis and Spermatogenesis in Response to an Immunocastration Vaccine in Goat

Background: Animal reproduction performance is crucial in husbandry. Immunocastrated animals serve as an ideal animal model for studying testicular function. During androgen suppression, the testis undergoes dramatic developmental and structural changes, including the inhibition of hormone secretion and spermatogenesis. Methods: To characterize this process, we investigated the effects of castration using a recombinant B2L and KISS1 DNA vaccine, and then identified functional genes in the testes of Yiling goats using RNA-seq and WGS. The experimental animals were divided into three groups: the PVAX-asd group (control), PBK-asd-immunized group, and surgically castrated group. Results: The results demonstrated that the administration of the recombinant PBK-asd vaccine in goats elicited a significant antibody response, and reduced serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), resulting in smaller scrotal circumferences and decreased sexual desire compared to the control group. In addition, RNA transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of the testes revealed that the biological processes after immunocastration mainly focused on the regulation of cell matrix adhesion, histone acetylation, negative regulation of developmental processes, apoptosis, and activation of the complement system and the thrombin cascade reaction system. Then, we integrated the whole-genome sequencing and testis transcriptome, and identified several candidate genes (FGF9, FST, KIT, TH, TCP1, PLEKHA1, TMEM119, ESR1, TIPARP, LEP) that influence steroidogenesis secretion and spermatogenesis. Conclusions: Multiple pathways and polygenic co-expression participate in the response to castration vaccines, altering hormone secretion and spermatogenesis. Taken together, our atlas of the immunocastration goat testis provides multiple insights into the developmental changes and key factors accompanying androgen suppression, and thus may contribute to understanding the genetic mechanism of testis function. Joint analysis of whole genome sequencing and RNA-seq enables reliable screening of candidate genes, benefiting future genome-assisted breeding of goats.
Scalp Arteriovenous Fistula Following Hair Transplantation: A Rare Case Report

A traumatic scalp Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF) caused by hair transplantation are extremely uncommon. It is a communication between branches of the arteries and draining veins in the scalp’s subcutaneous tissue, Because of the very low incidence of this complication, available literature is limited to single case reports. The clinical manifestations of scalp AFV may range from a pulsatile mass to epilepsy
Simulation of Tsunami Inundation in Central Peru from Future Megathrust Earthquake Scenarios

We estimated, from twelve scenarios of potential megathrust earthquakes, the tsunami impact on the Lima-Callao region in Central Peru. In addition, we conducted hazard mapping using the local envelope of the maximum inundation simulated in these scenarios. The deterministic approach is supported by the decades of geodetic measurements in this area that characterize the interseismic strain build up since historical megathrust earthquakes. The earthquake scenarios for simulation proposed in [1] introduce spatially correlated short-wavelength slip heterogeneities to a first slip model in [2] calculated from the interseismic coupling (ISC) distribution in Central Peru. The ISC was derived from GPS monitoring data as well as from historical earthquake information. The results of strong ground motion simulations in [1] reported that the slip scenario with the deepest average peak values along the strike (Mw = 8.86) generates the largest PGA in the Lima-Callao area. In this study, we found from tsunami simulation results that the slip model with the largest peak slip at a shallow depth (Mw = 8.87) yielded the highest tsunami inundation. Such differences in maximum scenarios for peak ground acceleration and tsunami height reveal the importance of a comprehensive assessment of earthquake and tsunami hazards in order to provide plausible worstcase scenarios for disaster risk management and education.
Effects of Vibration-Based Generation of Timing of Tactile Perception on Upper Limb Function After Stroke: A Case Study

Sensorimotor dysfunction of the fingers and hands hinders the recovery of motor function post-stroke. Generally, hemiplegic patients are unable to properly control the dynamic friction generated between their fingers and objects during hand/finger muscle activity. In addition to sensory information, a sense of agency generated by the temporal synchronization of sensory prediction and sensory feedback is required to control this dynamic friction. In the present study, we utilized a novel rehabilitation device that transmits real-time fingertip contact information to a transducer in a case of stroke hemiplegia with sensorimotor deficits and stagnated hand/finger motor performance. Post-intervention, the patient's upper extremity motor function score (FMA-UE), which had previously been in a state of arrested recovery, improved from 51/66 to 61/66, especially in the wrist joints. Excessive grip force during object grasping and frequency of falling objects was notably decreased post-intervention. We believe that rehabilitation tasks using perceptual generation via transducer will be a new tool for the rehabilitation of post-stroke hand/finger sensorimotor deficits.
Methods and Mechanical Properties of Polymer Hybrid Composites and Hybrid Polymer Composites: Influence of Ionic Liquid Addition

Polymer hybrid composites and hybrid polymer composites are distinct but interconnected composite classes, each with unique compositions and design philosophies. The mechanical properties of these composites are vital in advanced materials due to their impacts on performance, durability, and suitability for various applications. The addition of ionic liquids into these composites is a promising innovation in advanced materials. In this short review, various polymer matrices (e.g., thermosets, thermoplastics, and biopolymers), fillers (e.g., inorganic, carbon, organic, and metal), and ionic liquids (e.g., imidazolium- and phosphonium-based) used to fabricate polymer hybrid composites and hybrid polymer composites with added ionic liquids are identified. Furthermore, the addition of ionic liquids into these composites through different methods (e.g., magnetic stirring, mechanical stirring, solid grinding, etc.) is discussed. The influence of ionic liquid addition on the mechanical properties, specifically the tensile properties of these composites, is also shortly reviewed. The changes in the tensile properties, such as the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation at break, of these composites are explained as well. The information presented in this review enhances the understanding of the methods applied to add ionic liquids into polymer hybrid composites and hybrid polymer composites, along with their tensile properties. In short, some ionic liquids have the capacity to enhance the tensile properties of hybrid polymer composites, and several ionic liquids can reduce the tensile properties of polymer hybrid composites.
Multisensory integration augmenting motor processes among older adults

Objective Multisensory integration enhances sensory processing in older adults. This study aimed to investigate how the sensory enhancement would modulate the motor related process in healthy older adults. Method Thirty-one older adults (12 males, mean age 67.7 years) and 29 younger adults as controls (16 males, mean age 24.9 years) participated in this study. Participants were asked to discriminate spatial information embedded in the unisensory (visual or audial) and multisensory (audiovisual) conditions. The responses made by the movements of the left and right wrists corresponding to the spatial information were registered with specially designed pads. The electroencephalogram (EEG) marker was the event-related super-additive P2 in the frontal-central region, the stimulus-locked lateralized readiness potentials (s-LRP) and response-locked lateralized readiness potentials (r-LRP). Results Older participants showed significantly faster and more accurate responses than controls in the multisensory condition than in the unisensory conditions. Both groups had significantly less negative-going s-LRP amplitudes elicited at the central sites in the between-condition contrasts. However, only the older group showed significantly less negative-going, centrally distributed r-LRP amplitudes. More importantly, only the r-LRP amplitude in the audiovisual condition significantly predicted behavioral performance. Conclusion Audiovisual integration enhances reaction time, which associates with modulated motor related processes among the older participants. The super-additive effects modulate both the motor preparation and generation processes. Interestingly, only the modulated motor generation process contributes to faster reaction time. As such effects were observed in older but not younger participants, multisensory integration likely augments motor functions in those with age-related neurodegeneration.
Advances in Brain Tumor Therapy Based on the Magnetic Nanoparticles

Abstract Brain tumors, including primary gliomas and brain metastases, are one of the deadliest tumors because effective macromolecular antitumor drugs cannot easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-brain tumor barrier (BTB). Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are considered the most suitable nanocarriers for the delivery of brain tumor drugs because of their unique properties compared to other nanoparticles. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the potential of these nanoparticles in magnetic targeting, nuclear magnetic resonance, magnetic thermal therapy, and ultrasonic hyperthermia. To further develop and optimize MNPs for the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors, we attempt to outline recent advances in the use of MNPs to deliver drugs, with a particular focus on their efficacy in the delivery of anti-brain tumor drugs based on magnetic targeting and low-intensity focused ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging for surgical real-time guidance, and magnetothermal and ultrasonic hyperthermia therapy. Furthermore, we summarize recent findings on the clinical application of MNPs and the research limitations that need to be addressed in clinical translation.