Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Localization of human neutrophil interleukin‐8 (CXCL‐8) to organelle(s) distinct from the classical granules and secretory vesicles

Mature human neutrophils contain small amounts of interleukin‐8 [CXC chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL‐8)], which upon proinflammatory activation, increases significantly. It has been suggested that the CXCL‐8 content of resting human neutrophils is stored in the secretory vesicles. Here, we have used a fractionation technique, which allows isolation of these vesicles, and we find that CXCL‐8 neither colocalizes with the secretory vesicles nor with markers of any of the classical neutrophil granules. To increase resolution in the system, we induced CXCL‐8 production by lipopolysaccharide. After 8 h of stimulation, CXCL‐8 was visualized within the cell using immunoelectron microscopy. The images revealed CXCL‐8‐containing stuctures resembling neutrophil granules, and these were distinct from all known neutrophil organelles, as shown by double immunostaining. Further, the CXCL‐8 organelle was present in nonstimulated neutrophil cytoplasts, entities lacking all other known granules and secretory vesicles. Upon fractionation of the cytoplasts, CXCL‐8 was found to partly cofractionate with calnexin, a marker for endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Thus, part of CXCL‐8 may be localized to the ER or ER‐like structures in the neutrophil.
Design and Analysis of a Novel High-Torque Stator-Segmented SRM

This paper presents a novel switched reluctance motor incorporating a new design methodology. The proposed structure is designed using distinct concepts including design considerations of salient poles and the motor energy conversion capacity. First, multiple techniques to increase the motor torque using these concepts are discussed. Then, the new design is introduced. Based on the concepts of maximum energy conversion and also providing a topology change process, a novel stator-segmented structure is proposed. The three-phase form of the proposed motor has six segments in the stator with four poles and a solid rotor with 22 poles. The novel motor's characteristics are initially obtained using finite-element analysis and shown to exhibit higher torque density when compared to the conventional structure. Finally, the performance of the new design and analysis methods described in the paper are verified by experimental results obtained by a built prototype.
Null Models of Geographic Range Size Evolution Reaffirm Its Heritability

Most models of allopatric speciation predict that the two daughter species will have range sizes different from each other's and potentially from that of their common ancestor. However, I find that this difference is less than that expected under a variety of null models of range evolution. Sister species’ range values may therefore become more similar in the time following speciation. Greater‐than‐expected similarity (symmetry) has also been treated as a form of range size heritability. I therefore compare the results of this symmetry approach to a test for phylogenetic signal, using the range sizes of North American birds. I find that range size is heritable under both tests. I suggest that null models for range size heritability should be informed by an explicit model of evolution. Comparative methods may give erroneous results if they fail to take the unusual form of inheritance of range size into account.
Differential Expression of α1, α2, α3, and α5 GABAA Receptor Subunits in Seizure-Prone and Seizure-Resistant Rat Models of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Temporal lobe epilepsy remains one of the most widespread seizure disorders in man, the etiology of which is controversial. Using new rat models of temporal lobe epilepsy that are either prone or resistant to develop complex partial seizures, we provide evidence that this seizure susceptibility may arise from arrested development of the GABAA receptor system. In seizure-prone (Fast kindling) and seizure-resistant (Slow kindling) rat models, both the mRNA and protein levels of the major α subunit expressed in adult brain (α1), as well as those highly expressed during development (α2, α3, and α5), were differentially expressed in both models compared with normal controls. We found that α1 subunit mRNA expression in the Fast kindling strain was approximately half the abundance of control rats, whereas in the Slow kindling strain, it was ∼70% greater than that of controls. However, Fast rats overexpressed the α2, α3, and α5 (“embryonic”) subunits, having a density 50–70% greater than controls depending on brain area, whereas the converse was true of Slow rats. Using subunit-specific antibodies to α1 and α5 subunits, quantitative immunoblots and immunocytochemistry revealed a concordance with the mRNA levels. α1 protein expression was ∼50% less than controls in the Fast strain, whereas it was 200% greater in the Slow strain. In contrast, α5 subunit protein expression was greater in the Fast strain than either the control or Slow strain. These data suggest that a major predispositional factor in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy could be a failure to complete the normal switch from the GABAA receptor α subunits highly expressed during development (α2, α3, and α5) to those highly expressed in adulthood (α1).
The Anti-Inflammatory and Antibacterial Action of Nanocrystalline Silver and Manuka Honey on the Molecular Alternation of Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Honey and silver have been used since ancient times for treating wounds. Their widespread clinical application has attracted attention in light of the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. While there have been a number of studies exploring the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects of manuka honey and nanocrystalline silver, their advantages and limitations with regard to the treatment of chronic wounds remain a subject of debate. The aim of this paper is to examine the evidence on the use of nanocrystalline silver and manuka honey for treating diabetic foot ulcers through a critical and comprehensive review of in vitro studies, animal studies, and in vivo studies. The findings from the in vitro and animal studies suggest that both agents have effective antibacterial actions. Their anti-inflammatory action and related impact on wound healing are unclear. Besides, there is no evidence to suggest that any topical agent is more effective for use in treating diabetic foot ulcer. Overall, high-quality, clinical human studies supported by findings from the molecular science on the use of manuka honey or nanocrystalline silver are lacking. There is a need for rigorously designed human clinical studies on the subject to fill this knowledge gap and guide clinical practice.
A hybrid packet/circuit-switched router to accelerate memory access in NoC-based chip multiprocessors

Modern chip multiprocessors will feature a large shared last-level cache (LLC) that is decomposed into smaller slices and physically distributed throughout the chip area. These architectures rely on a network-on-chip (NoC) to handle remote cache access and hence, NoCs play a critical role in optimizing memory access latency and power consumption. Circuit-switching is the most power- and performance-efficient switching mechanism in NoCs, but is not advantageous when the packet transmission time is not long enough compared to the circuit setup time. In this paper, we propose a zero-latency circuit setup scheme to make circuit-switching applicable in transferring individual data packets. The design leverages the fact that in CMPs with distributed LLC (where a considerable portion of the on-chip traffic is composed of remote LLC access requests and data responses), every response packet is sent in reply to a request packet and traverses the same path as its corresponding request, but at the backward direction. The short request packets, then, are responsible to reserve a path for their corresponding response packets. This NoC tries to reduce conflict among circuit paths by considering conflicts in backward direction during request packet routing, backed by a run-time technique to resolve conflicts when circuits are actually set up. Experimental results show that the proposed NoC architecture considerably reduces average packet latency that directly translates to faster memory access.
Suspicion scoring of networked entities based on guilt-by-association, collective inference, and focused data access 1

We describe a guilt-by-association system that can be used to rank networked entities by their suspiciousness. We demonstrate the algorithm on a suite of data sets generated by a terrorist-world simulator developed to support a DoD program. Each data set consists of thousands of entities and some known links between them. The system ranks truly malicious entities highly, even if only relatively fe w are known to be malicious ex ante. When used as a tool for identifying promising data-gathering opportunities, the system focuses on gathering more information about the most suspicious entities and thereby increases the density of linkage in appropriate parts of the network. We assess performance under conditions of noisy prior knowledge of maliciousness. Although the levels of performance reported here would not support direct action on all data sets, the res ults do recommend the consideration of network-scoring techniques as a new source of evidence for decision making. For example, the system can operate on networks far larger and more complex than could be processed by a human analyst. This is a follow-up study to a prior paper; although there is a considerable amount of overlap, here we focus on more data sets and improve the evaluation by identifying entities with high scores simply as an artifact of the data acquisition process.
A comparative proteome and phosphoproteome analysis of differentially regulated proteins during fertilization in the self‐incompatible species Solanum chacoense Bitt.

We have used 2‐DE for a time‐course study of the changes in protein and phosphoprotein expression that occur immediately after fertilization in Solanum chacoense. The phosphorylation status of the detected proteins was determined with three methods: in vivo labeling, immunodetection, and phosphoprotein‐specific staining. Using a pI range of 4–7, 262 phosphorylated proteins could be mapped to the 619 proteins detected by Sypro Ruby staining, representing 42% of the total proteins. Among these phosphoproteins, antibodies detected 184 proteins from which 78 were also detected with either of the other two methods (42%). Pro‐Q Diamond phosphoprotein stain detected 111 proteins, of which 76 were also detected with either of the other two methods (68%). The 32P in vivo labeling method detected 90 spots from which 78 were also detected with either of other two methods (87%). On comparing before and after fertilization profiles, 38 proteins and phosphoproteins presented a reproducible change in their accumulation profiles. Among these, 24 spots were selected and analyzed by LC‐MS/MS using a hybrid quadrupole‐TOF (Q‐TOF) instrument. Peptide data were searched against publicly available protein and EST databases, and the putative roles of the identified proteins in early fertilization events are discussed.
In vivo class II transactivator expression in mice is induced by a non-interferon-gamma mechanism in response to local injury.

BACKGROUND Tissue injury induces MHC class II expression, which could be important in the recognition of that tissue as an allograft. The class II transcriptional activator (CIITA) is the major regulator of basal and induced MHC class II expression and is essential for antigen presentation. The role of CIITA in the induction of class II by tissue injury is unknown. In this study, we examined CIITA induction in the course of acute ischemic or toxic renal injury in mice, including the role of interferon (IFN)-gamma and of the transcription factor, interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-1. METHODS Kidneys were injured by ischemia or by gentamicin toxicity and were then studied for changes in gene expression using Northern blot, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, radioimmunoassay, and tissue staining. We compared wild-type (WT) mice to IFN-gamma knockout (GKO) or IRF-1 knockout mice. RESULTS Ischemic injury induced CIITA and class II expression in the kidney, in WT and GKO mice. Gentamicin injury also induced both CIITA and class II expression, independent of IFN-gamma, in WT and GKO mice. After ischemic injury, the induction of class II protein levels and CIITA and class II mRNA levels were induced, to a lesser degree, in IRF-1 knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that CIITA is induced by tissue injury, and probably accounts for class II induction during tissue injury. CIITA induction by injury is largely IFN-gamma independent but requires IRF-1. The similarities of the pattern of CIITA and class II induction in ischemic and toxic injury suggest that this is a stereotyped response of injured tissue and not a consequence of a particular mechanism of injury.
Capturing nonlocal interaction effects in the Hubbard model: Optimal mappings and limits of applicability

We investigate the Peierls-Feynman-Bogoliubov variational principle to map Hubbard models with nonlocal interactions to effective models with only local interactions. We study the renormalization of the local interaction induced by nearest-neighbor interaction and assess the quality of the effective Hubbard models in reproducing observables of the corresponding extended Hubbard models. We compare the renormalization of the local interactions as obtained from numerically exact determinant quantum Monte Carlo to approximate but more generally applicable calculations using dual boson, dynamical mean field theory, and the random phase approximation. These more approximate approaches are crucial for any application with real materials in mind. Furthermore, we use the dual boson method to calculate observables of the extended Hubbard models directly and benchmark these against determinant quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the effective Hubbard model.
Comparative study of bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial brushing, and FNAC in diagnosing malignant neoplasms of lungs

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of death in developed countries and is increasing at alarming rates in developing countries. Cytological techniques such as bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), bronchial brushing (BB), and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) can aid in the early diagnosis of lung malignancies. Materials and Methods: A total of 67 cases, suspected of lung cancer between January 2010 and December 2012, were selected where samples of BAL, BB, FNAC, as well as biopsy were obtained and processed according to the standard procedures of cytology and histology. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic efficacy of the three modalities, i.e., BAL, BB, and FNAC in diagnosing malignant neoplasms of the lung. Biopsy was considered to be the gold standard diagnostic test. Results: Sensitivity of BAL, BB, and FNAC was found to be 47.61, 65.07, and 88.88%, respectively, whereas specificity of BAL, BB, and FNAC was 75, 75, and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: FNAC is the best technique among the three for the diagnosis of lung cancers.
Cellular Resistance in Tissue Culture, Induced by Noncytopathogenic Strains, to a Cytopathogenic Strain of Virus Diarrhea Virus of Cattle

Summary Three noncytopathogenic strains of virus diarrhea (VD) virus from cattle induced resistance to a plaque-forming strain of VD virus in agar overlay cell cultures of embryonic bovine kidney cells. Plaque inhibition made possible the measurement of virus concentration of noncytopathogenic VD virus strains. Cellular resistance was neutralized by VD virus antibodies.
Unpacking Cultural Differences in Alexithymia

The current study provides a cultural examination of alexithymia, a multifaceted personality construct that refers to a general deficit in the ability to identify and describe emotional states, and that has been linked to a number of psychiatric illnesses. Though this construct has been critiqued as heavily rooted in “Western” norms of emotional expression, it has not received much empirical attention from a cultural perspective. Recently, Ryder et al. (2008) found that higher levels of alexithymia among Chinese versus Euro-Canadian outpatients were explained by group differences in one component of alexithymia, externally oriented thinking (EOT); they proposed that Chinese cultural contexts may encourage EOT due to a greater emphasis on social relationships and interpersonal harmony rather than inner emotional experience. The current study examined the hypothesis that EOT is more strongly shaped by cultural values than are two other components of alexithymia, difficulty identifying feelings (DIF) and difficulty describing feelings (DDF). Euro-Canadian (n = 271) and Chinese-Canadian (n = 237) undergraduates completed measures of alexithymia and cultural values. Chinese-Canadians showed higher levels of EOT than Euro-Canadians (p < .001). EOT, and not DIF or DDF, was predicted by Modernization and Euro-American values in both groups. Furthermore, cultural values mediated the effect of group membership on levels of EOT. These results suggest that cultural differences in alexithymia may be explained by culturally based variations in the importance placed on emotions, rather than deficits in emotional processing. The study also raises questions about the measurement and meaning of EOT, particularly from a cross-cultural perspective.
Activity of Neurons in Human Temporal Cortex during Identification and Memory for Names and Words

Extracellular recordings of human temporal cortical neuronal activity during identification and memory for object names or words were obtained from 31 neurons at 18 sites in 12 left language dominant patients undergoing left (10) or right (2) awake craniotomy for epilepsy under local anesthesia. Frequency of activity during identification was compared with perceptual controls, that during the encoding phase of recent memory to identification of the same material. Statistically significant changes in one or more temporal epoch (p < 0.005) of one or more comparisons were present for 27 of the 31 neurons in either hemisphere. Few neurons changed activity in the same direction for both words and names. The instruction to retain an item in recent memory changed activity in most neurons from that during identification of the same material, although the items presented were identical and overtly identified in each task. Any individual neuron usually changed activity in one direction for only one task. There are separate, widely distributed neural networks for identification or recent memory for each type of material. The majority of nearby neurons recorded through the same extracellular microelectrode were related to the networks for different tasks. The temporal characteristics of these changes were also investigated; 31% of the changes were “phasic”: temporally related to presentation or response to the item. Most of the remaining neuron changes were sustained throughout a task, often for several minutes. These task-specific sustained changes may reflect effects of thalamo-cortical attentional systems. Individual neurons had both sustained and phasic changes to different tasks.
Random words, quantum statistics, central limits, Random matrices

Recently Tracy and Widom conjectured [math.CO/9904042] and Johansson proved [math.CO/9906120] that the expected shape \lambda of the semi-standard tableau produced by a random word in k letters is asymptotically the spectrum of a random traceless k by k GUE matrix. In this article we give two arguments for this fact. In the first argument, we realize the random matrix itself as a quantum random variable on the space of random words, if this space is viewed as a quantum state space. In the second argument, we show that the distribution of \lambda is asymptotically given by the usual local limit theorem, but the resulting Gaussian is disguised by an extra polynomial weight and by reflecting walls. Both arguments more generally apply to an arbitrary finite-dimensional representation V of an arbitrary simple Lie algebra g. In the original question, V is the defining representation of g = su(k).
Efficient Survey Database Construction Using Location Fingerprinting Interpolation

A critical problem with location fingerprinting is the considerable time and effort spent measuring received signal strengths at all location candidates to create the survey database. To reduce this cost, existing methods use a signal path loss model to interpolate part of the survey database from data actually measured at location candidates. However, the positioning accuracy can become degraded, especially in an indoor area delimited by walls. In this paper, we confirm the degradation in accuracy of the existing method through a preliminary experiment, and propose an accurate interpolation method for survey databases. In the proposed method, part of the survey data is interpolated using a path loss model containing wall attenuation. Furthermore, to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, we evaluate the location estimation performance with the interpolated survey database and also verify the interpolated data. The proposed method improves the positioning accuracy by 25% over that of the existing method.
Chondrolysis of the tibial plateau caused by articular aspergillosis after ACL autograft reconstruction: management with a fresh osteochondral allograft: a case report.

Arthroscopically assisted reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a common and effective method for treatment of anterior knee instability following ACL injury. Annually, an estimated 250,000 ACL injuries are diagnosed and approximately 100,000 ACL reconstructions are performed in the United States1-3. Chondrolysis is an extremely rare but devastating complication following ACL reconstruction. It is characterized by complete destruction of the articular cartilage and a profound inflammatory response consisting of pain, swelling, and loss of joint motion. The differential diagnosis includes osteonecrosis, direct trauma related to the injury or to the surgical procedure, infection, an adverse reaction to pharmacological agents (including local anesthetic infusions), and unknown causes. Infection after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction is rare: its incidence has been reported as 0.14% to 1.7%2,4-7. The most common causative organisms are Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus 2,4-6. When tissue allografts have been used for ACL reconstruction, other organisms such as Peptostreptococcus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Clostridium species as well as gram-negative bacilli have been implicated6,8. Although infrequent, infection can be a devastating complication that leads to septic arthritis, chondrolysis, osteomyelitis, osteochondral destruction, and, in rare cases, death2,5,8,9. We describe a case of medial tibial plateau osteochondral destruction secondary to an Aspergillus flavus fungal infection in an immunocompetent thirteen-year-old girl who had undergone elective ACL reconstruction. The patient and her parents were informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and they provided their consent. To the best of our knowledge, a case of Aspergillus fungal arthritis following ACL reconstruction has not been previously reported. Furthermore, salvage options outlined in the literature have been limited to primary arthrodesis, prosthetic reconstruction, use …