Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity of mRNA and protein products arising from the protein 4.1 gene in erythroid and nonerythroid tissues

Immunologically cross-reactive isoforms of the cytoskeletal element protein 4.1 have been identified in many tissues in which they exhibit heterogeneity of molecular weight, abundance, and intracellular localization. To examine the basis for isoform production in erythroid and nonerythroid tissues, we have compared the structure and expression of cDNAs isolated from human erythroid and nonerythroid sources. We have encountered cDNAs representing many distinct mRNA sequences. These exhibit complete nucleotide sequence homology along most of their lengths. Differences were confined to five sequence blocks designated Motifs I-V, which were present or absent in each mRNA moiety. Motif I was expressed only in erythroid cells; it encodes 21 amino acids in a well-characterized spectrin/actin binding domain. Motif II, located near the COOH terminus of the 80-kD "erythroid" protein 4.1 molecule is present in the vast majority of transcripts from both erythroid and nonerythroid cells. Motifs IV and V alter the 5' untranslated region: simultaneous insertion of Motif IV and deletion of Motif V in the untranslated region inserts a new initiator methionine and establishes a contiguous open reading frame encoding a novel 135-kD protein 4.1 molecule. By immunochemical analysis we have identified the longer isoform in cells. Our results are most consistent with tissue-specific alternative mRNA splicing of transcripts of the protein 4.1 gene to yield numerous isoforms. These isoforms exhibit tissue specificity and alter strategic portions of the molecule. Moreover, we describe a novel high molecular weight form of protein 4.1 that arises by splicing events which allow translation at an upstream site.
Aerial Observations of Hawaii's Wake

Abstract Under the influence of the east-northeasterly trade winds, the island of Hawaii generates a wake that extends about 200 km to the west-southwest. During the HaRP project in July and August 1990, five wake surveys were carried out by the NCAR Electra. The patterns of wind and aerosol concentration revealed by these flights suggest that Hawaii's wake consists of two large quasi-steady counterrotating eddies. The southern clockwise-rotating eddy carries a heavy aerosol load due to input from the Kī volcano. At the eastern end of the wake, the eddies are potentially warmer and more humid than the surrounding trade wind air. Several other features are discussed: sharp shear lines near the northern and southern tips of the island, dry and warm air bands along the shear lines, a small embedded wake behind the Kohala peninsula, wake centerline clouds, hydraulic jumps to the north and south of the island, a descending inversion connected with accelerating trade winds, and evidence for side-to-side wake mo.
MARBLE. A business process archeology tool

Modernization of legacy information systems is usually triggered by the need of introducing new business requirements or due to the technology obsolescence. During modernization software projects, there exists a lot of business knowledge that was embedded in source code owing to progressive maintenance, which is not present anywhere else. In order to preserve embedded business knowledge this paper presents MARBLE, a tool to recover business processes from legacy information systems. MARBLE provides an extensible framework, thus it is developed as an Eclipse™ plugin to ensure its future extension. So far, MARBLE supports Java-based system and focuses mainly on legacy source code. To facilitate its adoption in the industry, MARBLE has been applied in some real-life modernization projects, which demonstrated that MARBLE is suitable to retrieve business processes and facilitated its continuous improvement to reach an appropriate maturity level.
Sketched menu: a tabletop-menu technique for GUI object creation

In this paper, we describe the Sketched Menu, a menu technique for launching Graphical User Interface (GUI) objects in a tabletop interface. The Sketched Menu enables the user to define interactively the shape, size, orientation, and location of a new GUI object before it is launched. These parameters are specified implicitly by the user via a shape drawing. The shape corresponds to a simplified outline of the object. A menu for the given shape is launched at the exact location of the drawing and the user can then select the desired graphical object or application. A laboratory experiment was conducted to compare this new menu technique with the traditional pop-up-menu approach. The results show that the time to create an object and the positioning accuracy are similar for the two techniques. There are two advantages to using the Sketched Menu. Firstly, graphical discontinuities are avoided when adding objects to the interface. Secondly, because the object appears exactly in the desired location and orientation, it does not hide other graphical objects, thereby reducing disruption to other users' tasks.
REVISITING THE ROLE OF M31 IN THE DYNAMICAL HISTORY OF THE MAGELLANIC CLOUDS

We study the dynamics of the Magellanic Clouds in a model for the Local Group whose mass is constrained using the timing argument/two-body limit of the action principle. The goal is to evaluate the role of M31 in generating the high angular momentum orbit of the Clouds, a puzzle that has only been exacerbated by the latest Hubble Space Telescope proper motion measurements. We study the effects of varying the total Local Group mass, the relative mass of the Milky Way (MW) and M31, the proper motion of M31, and the proper motion of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) on this problem. Over a large part of this parameter space, we find that tides from M31 are insignificant. For a range of LMC proper motions approximately 3σ higher than the mean and total Local Group mass >3.5 × 1012 M☉, M31 can provide a significant torque to the LMC orbit. However, if the LMC is bound to the MW, then M31 is found to have negligible effect on its motion, and the origin of the high angular momentum of the system remains a puzzle. Finally, we use the timing argument to calculate the total mass of the MW–LMC system based on the assumption that they are encountering each other for the first time, their previous perigalacticon being a Hubble time ago, obtaining MMW + MLMC = (8.7 ± 0.8) × 1011 M☉.
Prototype Based Classification in Bioinformatics

INTRODUCTION Bioinformatics has become an important tool to support clinical and biological research and the analysis of functional data, is a common task in bioinformatics (Schleif, 2006). Gene analysis in form of micro array analysis (Schena, 1995) and protein analysis (Twyman, 2004) are the most important fields leading to multiple sub omics-disciplines like pharmacogenomics, glycoproteomics or metabolomics. Measurements of such studies are high dimensional functional data with few samples for specific problems (Pusch, 2005). This leads to new challenges in the data analysis. Spectra of mass spectrometric measurements are such functional data requiring an appropriate analysis (Schleif, 2006). Here we focus on the determination of classification models for such data. In general, the spectra are transformed into a vector space followed by training a classifier (Haykin, 1999). Hereby the functional nature of the data is typically lost. We present a method which takes this specific data aspects into account. A wavelet encoding (Mallat, 1999) is applied onto the spectral data leading to a compact functional representation. Subsequently the Supervised Neural Gas classifier (Hammer, 2005) is applied, capable to handle functional metrics as introduced by Lee & Verleysen (Lee, 2005). This allows the classifier to utilize the functional nature of the data in the modelling process. The presented method is applied to clinical proteome data showing good results and can be used as a bioinformatics method for biomarker discovery.
An online localization method for a subway train utilizing the barometer on a smartphone

Knowing the location of a train is necessary for the development of useful services for train passengers. However, popular localization methods such as GPS and Wi-Fi are not accurate, especially on a subway. This paper proposes an online algorithm for localization on a subway using only a barometer. We estimate the motion state from the change of elevation, then estimate the last station stopped at using the similarity of a series of elevations recorded when the train stopped to the actual elevations of the stations. We evaluated the proposed method using data from the subway in Tokyo. We also developed a mobile application to demonstrate the proposed method.
AGE-DEPENDENT EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PATTERNS AND STRAIN DIVERSITY IN HELMINTH PARASITES

Field studies of schistosomes and the major intestinal nematodes Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides repeatedly demonstrate that the intensity and prevalence of infection exhibit marked dependency on host age. Peak levels of infection typically occur in hosts aged between 10 and 14 yr in endemically infected communities. It has widely been assumed that the slow acquisition of resistance in adults is caused by repeated exposure to the same antigenic repertoire of a single parasite strain. Consequently, these empirical patterns have previously been taken to suggest that human immunity to helminth parasites confers poor protection against reinfection. Here, an alternative explanation is suggested on the basis of results from a simplified model of helminth transmission. It is proposed that the empirical observations can be attributed to the circulation of multiple helminth strains that each elicit highly protective immunity. If this hypothesis is correct, estimates of epidemiological parameters from field data and the potential for control of helminth diseases might require reevaluation.
FINE STRUCTURE OF A GENETIC REGION IN BACTERIOPHAGE.

This paper describes a functionally related region in the genetic material of a bacteriophage that is finely subdivisible by mutation and by genetic recombination. The group of mutants resembles similar cases which have been observed in many organisms, usually designated as "pseudo-alleles. " (See reviews by Lewis [1] and Pontecorvo [2].) Such cases are of special interest for their bearing on the structure and function of genetic determinants. The phenomenon of genetic recombination provides a powerful tool for separating mutations and discerning their positions along a chromosome. When it comes to very closely neighboring mutations, a difficulty arises, since the closer two mutations lie to one another, the smaller is the probability that recombination between them will occur. Therefore, failure to observe recombinant types among a finite number of progeny ordinarily does not justify the conclusion that the two mutations are inseparable but can only place an upper limit on the linkage distance between them. A high degree of resolution requires the examination of very many progeny. This can best be achieved if there is available a selective feature for the detection of small proportions of recombinants. Some preliminary results are here presented of a program designed to extend genetic studies to the molecular (nucleotide) level.
C-fiber-related EEG-oscillations induced by laser radiant heat stimulation of capsaicin-treated skin

Nociceptive input reaches the brain via two different types of nerve fibers, moderately fast A-delta and slowly conducting C-fibers, respectively. To explore their distinct roles in normal and inflammatory pain we used laser stimulation of normal and capsaicin treated skin at proximal and distal arm sites in combination with time frequency transformation of electroencephalography (EEG) data. Comparison of phase-locked (evoked) and non-phase-locked (total) EEG to laser stimuli revealed three significant pain-related oscillatory responses. First, an evoked response in the delta-theta band, mediated by A-fibers, was reduced by topical capsaicin treatment. Second, a decrease of total power in the alpha-to-gamma band reflected both an A- and C-nociceptor-mediated response with only the latter being reduced by capsaicin treatment. Finally, an enhancement of total power in the upper beta band was mediated exclusively by C-nociceptors and appeared strongly augmented by capsaicin treatment. These findings suggest that phase-locking of brain activity to stimulus onset is a critical feature of A-delta nociceptive input, allowing rapid orientation to salient and potentially threatening events. In contrast, the subsequent C-nociceptive input exhibits clearly less phase coupling to the stimulus. It may primarily signal the tissue status allowing more long-term behavioral adaptations during ongoing inflammatory events that accompany tissue damage.
Adaptive joint playout buffer and FEC adjustment for Internet telephony

A joint playout buffer and forward error correction (FEC) adjustment scheme are developed for Internet telephony, which incorporates the impact of end-to-end delay on the perceived audio quality. We show that it provides better quality than the adjustment schemes for playout buffer and FEC that were previously published. This is important because of a threshold effect when the end-to-end delay of interactive audio is around 150 ms. We represent the perceived audio quality as a function of both the end-to-end delay and the distortion of the voice signal. We develop a joint rate/error/playout delay control algorithm that optimizes this measure of quality and is TCP-friendly. It uses a channel model for both loss and delay. We validate our approach by simulation and show that (1) our scheme allows a source to increase its utility by avoiding an increase of the playout delay when it is not really necessary, (2) it performs better than direct combinations of existing algorithms in the cases where end-to-end delay is important and (3) adaptive delay aware FEC adjustment brings significant improvements only if it is coupled with an adaptive playout adjustment.
Filtering and polychromatic vision in mantis shrimps: themes in visible and ultraviolet vision

Stomatopod crustaceans have the most complex and diverse assortment of retinal photoreceptors of any animals, with 16 functional classes. The receptor classes are subdivided into sets responsible for ultraviolet vision, spatial vision, colour vision and polarization vision. Many of these receptor classes are spectrally tuned by filtering pigments located in photoreceptors or overlying optical elements. At visible wavelengths, carotenoproteins or similar substances are packed into vesicles used either as serial, intrarhabdomal filters or lateral filters. A single retina may contain a diversity of these filtering pigments paired with specific photoreceptors, and the pigments used vary between and within species both taxonomically and ecologically. Ultraviolet-filtering pigments in the crystalline cones serve to tune ultraviolet vision in these animals as well, and some ultraviolet receptors themselves act as birefringent filters to enable circular polarization vision. Stomatopods have reached an evolutionary extreme in their use of filter mechanisms to tune photoreception to habitat and behaviour, allowing them to extend the spectral range of their vision both deeper into the ultraviolet and further into the red.
[Effects of waterlogging stress on physiological and biochemical characteristics of medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium during seedling stage].

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of waterlogging stress on medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium during the seedling stage and build a reliable evaluation of flooding tolerance indicator system. METHOD The three cultivars: C. morifolium cv. Hongxinju, C. morifolium cv. Xiaobaiju and C. morifolium cv. Changbanju were studied for the and the effect of waterlogging stress on their physiological and biochemical chracteristics. RESULT With the extension of waterlogging, the content of chlorophyll and relative leaf water potential were decreased, meanwhile malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and soluble sugar were increased. The catalase (CAT) of C. morifolium cv. Hongxinju rose at first and then dropped and CAT of C. morifolium cv. Xiaobailu and C. morifolium cv. Changbanju declined at first before decreased, and then dropped again. The peroxidase (POD) rose firstly before decrease and then increases again. After the waterlogging treatments which last for 4 days, the physiology and biochemistry characteristics can not restore to the comparison (CK) within 3 days. CONCLUSION Four days waterlogging treatment had made serious damage on medicinal Chrysanthemum. Among three cultivars, C. morifolium Ramat. cv. Hongxinju showed the highest tolerance ability, while C. morifolium cv. Changbanju was the lowest, and C. morifolium cv. Xiaobaiu was in the middle. The malonaldehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT) could be the main physiological and biochemical indexes to reflect the tolerance ability against waterlogging.
Stochastic Comparisons in Production Yield Management

Manufacturing firms routinely commit resources to increase yield rates through product- and process-improvement initiatives. Champions of such yield-improvement projects may assume that stochastically larger yield rates are beneficial. In this note, we show that this need not hold, even when the contingent production lot sizes are chosen optimally. We employ stochastic comparison techniques to show that a yield rate that is smaller in the convex order ensures higher expected profit, and we provide a distribution-free bound on the size of increase in expected profit. We also identify properties of yield-rate distributions that do make stochastically larger yield rates beneficial.
Marrow Fat and Bone: Review of Clinical Findings

With growing interest in the connection between fat and bone, there has been increased investigation of the relationship with marrow fat in particular. Clinical research has been facilitated by the development of non-invasive methods to measure bone marrow fat content and composition. Studies in different populations using different measurement techniques have established that higher marrow fat is associated with lower bone density and prevalent vertebral fracture. The degree of unsaturation in marrow fat may also affect bone health. Although other fat depots tend to be strongly correlated, marrow fat has a distinct pattern, suggesting separate mechanisms of control. Longitudinal studies are limited, but are crucial to understand the direct and indirect roles of marrow fat as an influence on skeletal health. With greater appreciation of the links between bone and energy metabolism, there has been growing interest in understanding the relationship between marrow fat and bone. It is well established that levels of marrow fat are higher in older adults with osteoporosis, defined by either low bone density or vertebral fracture. However, the reasons for and implications of this association are not clear. This review focuses on clinical studies of marrow fat and its relationship to bone.
Speech enhancement using an adaptive gain equalizer with frequency dependent parameter settings

This paper presents an enhanced noise reduction method for speech communication where the input signal is divided into a number of subbands that are individually weighted in the time domain according to the short time signal-to-noise ratio estimate (SNR) in each subband at every time instant. Instead of focusing on suppression of the noise, the method focuses on speech enhancement. The subband based method is extended with frequency dependent parameter settings, equipping the user with further tweaking possibilities. Hence, making the algorithm even more versatile and applicable in different noise situations. The method has proven to be advantageous since it offers low complexity, low delay and low distortion. Also, there is no need for a voice activity detector (VAD). The method is standalone and works regardless of speech coding schemes and other surrounding adaptive systems.
Gaussian process kernel crossover for automated forex trading system

Due to time varying volatility of forex financial time series price data, the traditional technical analysis such as simple moving average (SMA) and exponential moving average (EMA) cannot capture the dynamic time varying in the market. The combination of Gaussian Process kernel framework and classical trendline crossover strategy is proposed with new objective function for optimization trading performance. The experimental results demonstrate better trading performance for both price prediction and accumulated profit return.
Effect of a pharmacist-led intervention on diuretic compliance in heart failure patients: a randomized controlled study.

BACKGROUND Noncompliance is a major factor in the morbidity and unnecessary hospital readmissions for patients with heart failure. Several studies have aimed to reduce rehospitalizations in heart failure patients through a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach. Medication compliance was rarely measured in these studies or, when it was measured, the method employed was seldom valid. We aimed at determining the effect of a pharmacist-led intervention on medication compliance in patients with heart failure. METHODS We conducted a randomized controlled trial into the effect of a pharmacist-led intervention on medication compliance in patients with heart failure (predominantly New York Heart Association [NYHA] II and III) treated with loop diuretics, presenting to a cardiology outpatient clinic or admitted to hospitals in The Netherlands. Patients in the intervention group received monthly consultations from their community pharmacist during a 6-month period. Patients in the control group received usual care. Primary endpoint was medication compliance, assessed with a medication event monitoring system, an electronic pill bottle that registers time of opening. Secondary endpoints were the number of rehospitalizations, death, and quality of life. RESULTS A total of 152 patients were randomized: 74 patients to the intervention arm and 78 patients to the usual care arm. Over the 6-month study period, patients in the intervention group had 140/7656 days without use of loop diuretics compared with 337/6196 days in the usual care group (relative risk 0.33 [confidence interval (CI) 95% 0.24-0.38]). Two consecutive days of nondosing occurred on 18/7656 days in the intervention group compared with 46/6196 days in the usual care group (relative risk 0.32 [CI 95% 0.19-0.55]). There were no significant differences in rehospitalizations, mortality, or disease-specific quality of life between groups. CONCLUSIONS A pharmacy-led intervention can improve medication compliance in patients with moderate to severe heart failure, even in those with relatively high compliance. Future interventions should also focus at less compliant patients.
Recommending Using Text Categorization with Extracted Information

Content-based recommender systems suggest documents, items, and services to users based on learning a profile of the user from rated examples containing information about the given items. Text categorization methods are very useful for this task but generally rely on unstructured text. We have developed a bookrecommending system that utilizes semi-structured information about items gathered from the web using simple information extraction techniques. Initial experimental results demonstrate that this approach can produce fairly accurate recommendations.