Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrogel probe for iontophoresis drug delivery to the eye

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a solid hydrogel loaded with a drug solution as a probe for ejecting drugs to the eye upon application of low current iontophoresis. Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), cross-linked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and cross-linked arabinogalactan or dextran were prepared to form solid hydrogels. The hydrogels were examined for their mechanical suitability, absorption of drug solution and in vitro release properties when applying an iontophoretic current through the drug-loaded hydrogel into a solid-agar surface. Transconjunctival and transscleral iontophoresis of gentamicin sulfate was studied in healthy rabbits using drug-loaded disposable HEMA hydrogel disc probes. Gentamicin concentrations in different eye segments were assayed using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Preliminary corneal toxicity was examined in rabbits using a current intensity of 2.5 and 5.1 mA/cm2 for 60 and 120 s. The most appropriate hydrogel is composed of HEMA, 2% EGDMA and 75% water. Iontophoresis onto agar gel was found indicative for the evaluation of iontophoretic activity of a hydrogel. Transscleral iontophoretic treatment resulted in high concentrations of drugs in the posterior segments of the eye. Application of iontophoresis onto the rabbit eye caused a reversible swelling of the cornea which lasted a few hours after application. Low current iontophoresis using drug-loaded hydrogel has a potential clinical value in obtaining high drug concentration at posterior segments of the eye.
SS18-SSX, the Oncogenic Fusion Protein in Synovial Sarcoma, Is a Cellular Context-Dependent Epigenetic Modifier

The prevalence and specificity of unique fusion oncogenes are high in a number of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs). The close relationship between fusion genes and clinicopathological features suggests that a correlation may exist between the function of fusion proteins and cellular context of the cell-of-origin of each tumor. However, most STSs are origin-unknown tumors and this issue has not yet been investigated in detail. In the present study, we examined the effects of the cellular context on the function of the synovial sarcoma (SS)-specific fusion protein, SS18-SSX, using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) containing the drug-inducible SS18-SSX gene. We selected the neural crest cell (NCC) lineage for the first trial of this system, induced SS18-SSX at various differentiation stages from PSCs to NCC-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), and compared its biological effects on each cell type. We found that the expression of FZD10, identified as an SS-specific gene, was induced by SS18-SSX at the PSC and NCC stages, but not at the MSC stage. This stage-specific induction of FZD10 correlated with stage-specific changes in histone marks associated with the FZD10 locus and also with the loss of the BAF47 protein, a member of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex. Furthermore, the global gene expression profile of hPSC-derived NCCs was the closest to that of SS cell lines after the induction of SS18-SSX. These results clearly demonstrated that the cellular context is an important factor in the function of SS18-SSX as an epigenetic modifier.
Multi-transducer recordings from a single-chip gas sensor system coated with different polymers

The performance of a single-chip three-transducer CMOS gas sensor microsystems is demonstrated, which has been coated with different polymers. The three different transducers (mass-sensitive, calorimetric, capacitive) on the same chip inherently provide complementary information, such as analyte volatility (mass-sensitive), polarity (capacitive), and ab/desorption heat (calorimetric). By combining several of those single chip systems, each of which has a different polymeric coating, in an array, even more information on the detected analyte is accessible that can be used to classify and quantify organic volatiles as will be shown below.
Non-invasive brain stimulation in early rehabilitation after stroke

The new tendency in rehabilitation involves non-invasive tools that, if applied early after stroke, promote neurorecovery. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation may correct the disruption of cortical excitability and effectively contribute to the restoration of movement and speech. The present paper analyses the results of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) trials, highlighting different aspects related to the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation frequency, transcranial direct current stimulation polarity, the period and stimulation places in acute and subacute ischemic strokes. The risk of adverse events, the association with motor or language recovery specific training, and the cumulative positive effect evaluation are also discussed. Abbreviations: AAT = Aachen Aphasia Test, BDNF = brain-derived neurotrophic factor, IFG = inferior frontal gyrus, M1 = primary motor cortex, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, NIBS = non-invasive brain stimulation, PET = positron emission tomography, rTMS = repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, SLT = speech and language therapy, STG = superior temporal gyrus, tDCS = transcranial direct current stimulation, NIHSS = National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale
Adaptive Sampling with Optimal Cost for Class-Imbalance Learning

Learning from imbalanced data sets is one of the challenging problems in machine learning, which means the number of negative examples is far more than that of positive examples. The main problems of existing methods are: (1) The degree of re-sampling, a key factor greatly affecting performance, needs to be pre-fixed, which is difficult to make the optimal choice; (2) Many useful negative samples are discarded in under-sampling; (3) The effectiveness of algorithm-level methods are limited because they just use the original training data for single classifier. To address the above issues, a novel approach of adaptive sampling with optimal cost is proposed for class-imbalance learning in this paper. The novelty of the proposed approach mainly lies in: adaptively over-sampling the minority positive examples and under-sampling the majority negative examples, forming different sub-classifiers by different subsets of training data with the best cost ratio adaptively chosen, and combining these sub-classifiers according to their accuracy to create a strong classifier. It aims to make full use of the whole training data and improve the performance of class-imbalance learning classifier. The solid experiments are conducted to compare the performance between the proposed approach and 12 state-of-the-art methods on challenging 16 UCI data sets on 3 evaluation metrics, and the results show the proposed approach can achieve superior performance in class-imbalance learning.
Photocatalytic materials: recent achievements and near future trends

Research on photocatalytic materials has been a field in continuous expansion in the recent decades, as it is evidenced by the large number of articles published every year. So far, more than 190 different semiconductors have been assayed as suitable photocatalysts. To this figure, it is necessary to add the combinations with other functional materials or between different semiconductors, as well as their morphological modifications. Summing up the outcome of these different preparation strategies eventually leads to the enormous number of photocatalytic systems that have been reported in the scientific literature. Dealing with such an amount of information requires updated and educated guidance to select the most significant realizations, and it also calls for critical assessments on how the expectations are being fulfilled. This perspective article intends to assess the state of the art of photocatalysis with regard to materials and systems, considering the well-established results, but also the emerging aspects, and the envisaged new directions of this technology in the near future. In the first part, the most relevant achievements in this area, some of them already in the market while others still in development, will be reviewed according to the current understanding. The second part of the article is devoted to the most innovative and promising photocatalysts and related systems described in the open literature.
Proton Transport Activity of the Purified Vacuolar H-ATPase from Oats : Direct Stimulation by Cl.

To determine whether the detergent-solubilized and purified vacuolar H(+)-ATPase from plants was active in H(+) transport, we reconstituted the purified vacuolar ATPase from oat roots (Avena sativa var Lang). Triton-solubilized ATPase activity was purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Incorporation of the vacuolar ATPase into liposomes formed from Escherichia coli phospholipids was accomplished by removing Triton X-100 with SM-2 Bio-beads. ATP hydrolysis activity of the reconstituted ATPase was stimulated twofold by gramicidin, suggesting that the enzyme was incorporated into sealed proteoliposomes. Acidification of K(+)-loaded proteoliposomes, monitored by the quenching of acridine orange fluorescence, was stimulated by valinomycin. Because the presence of K(+) and valinomycin dissipates a transmembrane electrical potential, the results indicate that ATP-dependent H(+) pumping was electrogenic. Both H(+) pumping and ATP hydrolysis activity of reconstituted preparations were completely inhibited by <50 nanomolar bafilomycin A(1), a specific vacuolar type ATPase inhibitor. The reconstituted H(+) pump was also inhibited by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or NO(3) (-) but not by azide or vanadate. Chloride stimulated both ATP hydrolysis by the purified ATPase and H(+) pumping by the reconstituted ATPase in the presence of K(+) and valinomycin. Hence, our results support the idea that the vacuolar H(+)-pumping ATPase from oat, unlike some animal vacuolar ATPases, could be regulated directly by cytoplasmic Cl(-) concentration. The purified and reconstituted H(+)-ATPase was composed of 10 polypeptides of 70, 60, 44, 42, 36, 32, 29, 16, 13, and 12 kilodaltons. These results demonstrate conclusively that the purified vacuolar ATPase is a functional electrogenic H(+) pump and that a set of 10 polypeptides is sufficient for coupled ATP hydrolysis and H(+) translocation.
Attempt at a systemic outlook on aging and carcinogenesis

Abstract Two of the key problems plaguing humanity – aging and carcinogenesis – are inexorably linked. While their nature seems different, their mechanisms have a lot in common. Evidence suggests that aging is the result of spontaneous synthesis and accumulation of improperly folded proteins in cells, leading to a variety of pathologies. As for carcinogenesis, it is tied to genetic mutations – permanent, covalent changes in the DNA. Both processes are random in character; however, unlike mutations, the accumulation of malformed proteins is not genetically determined. Instead, control over this process hinges upon regulating the protein exchange rate – a phenomenon that seems a likely candidate for the basic aging control mechanism. Although mutations themselves may be counteracted in a controlled manner, their effects typically cannot. The mechanisms of aging and carcinogenesis, while functionally different, remain correlated: an aging cell is rendered more susceptible to mutational changes. The rapidly growing body of information regarding aging and carcinogenesis enables a systemic approach to both these phenomena – an approach that is attempted in this review.
DualView: a focus+context technique for navigating large graphs

This paper presents a fast and efficient focus+context technique, called DualView for navigating large graphs/hierarchies which are usually displayed in a high-density manner. The DualView includes two transformations: a browsing and a fisheye-like distortion. The browsing transformation is responsible for interactively exploring large hierarchies with a high-response rate and inexpensive computational cost. On the other hand, the fisheye-like viewer increases the degree of distortion of the image by increasing the original magnification function which is created by the browsing transformation. This dual enlargement enables users to see the detail of any interested area in a high-density visualization.
The study of diffractive lenses displayed in a phase-only liquid crystal spatial light modulator

Phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) based on liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) is a kind of device based on electrically controlled birefringence effect to realize phase modulation. Due to its low cost, programmable, high resolution, fast response time, LCOS has been widely used in multi-channel imaging, adaptive optics, diffraction optical elements (DOEs), dynamic holographic, optical tweezers and other fields. It is necessary to numerically evaluate the modulation characterization of LCOS before application. Firstly, the phase modulation characterization of the LCOS (PLUTO HED6010XXX by Holoeye Company) was measured based on the Twyman-Green interferometer, and the curves of both phase shift and normalized intensity as grey level functions were obtained. Experimental results indicated that phase modulation of the LCOS could be achieved to 3. 99π, and the root-mean-square value (RMS) of normalized intensity was less than 0.01, which demonstrated that LCOS could be regarded as a phase-only modulation device. This method is also suitable for the evaluation of modulation characterization of other LCOS devices. Secondly, a phase pattern of thin lens written onto LCOS was demonstrated. Because of the pixel structure of LCOS, the theory of discretization of lenses was studied. Both simulation and experimental results were obtained. The experimental results proved that the convergence character of the lens written onto LCOS was similar to optical lenses. In the experiment, the measured focal length was in a good agreement to the theoretical deduction, and the relative error (RE) of which was below 1%. Both simulation and experimental results showed that LCOS could be used as lens to converge the plane wave, and replace the optical lens successfully.
Neurolinguistic Relativity: How Language Flexes Human Perception and Cognition

The time has come, perhaps, to go beyond merely acknowledging that language is a core manifestation of the workings of the human mind and that it relates interactively to all aspects of thinking. The issue, thus, is not to decide whether language and human thought may be ineluctably linked (they just are), but rather to determine what the characteristics of this relationship may be and to understand how language influences—and may be influenced by—nonverbal information processing. In an attempt to demystify linguistic relativity, I review neurolinguistic studies from our research group showing a link between linguistic distinctions and perceptual or conceptual processing. On the basis of empirical evidence showing effects of terminology on perception, language‐idiosyncratic relationships in semantic memory, grammatical skewing of event conceptualization, and unconscious modulation of executive functioning by verbal input, I advocate a neurofunctional approach through which we can systematically explore how languages shape human thought.
HYBRIDIZABLE DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN P-ADAPTIVITY FOR THE INCOMPRESSIBLE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS

A p-adaptive Hybridizable Discontinuous Galerkin method for the solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is presented. The hybridization technique allows to reduce the coupled degrees of freedom to only those on the element boundaries, while the particular choice of the numerical fluxes opens the path to a post-process of the solution resulting in a superconvergent solution. The post-processed solution is used to construct a simple and cheap error estimator, which drives an iterative mesh adaptation procedure based on the modification of the polynomial degree in the elements and their boundaries. Two numerical examples are presented. High efficiency of the error estimator is found, and an important reduction of the computational effort is demonstrated respect to the uniform p refinement. G. Giorgiani, S. Fernández-Méndez and A. Huerta
Global multimedia system design exploration using accurate memory organization feedback

Successful exploration of system-level design decisions is impossible without fast and accurate estimation of the impact on the system cost. In most multimedia applications, the dominant cost factor is related to the organization of the memory architecture. This paper presents a systematic approach which allows-effective system-level exploration of memory organization design alternatives, based on accurate feedback by using our earlier developed tools. The effectiveness of this approach is illustrated on an industrial application. Applying our approach, a substantial, part of the design search space has been explored in a very short time, resulting in a cost-efficient solution which meets all design constraints.
Finite Element Analysis Based Ultrasonic Elastography

A variety of ultrasound elasticity imaging methods have been widely used in clinical. However, most of the existing methods are based on the assumption of organization for the pure elastic, and ignore the organization viscoelasticity effects on measurement results. In this paper, the finite element analysis method was used to calculate the different tissue deformation displacement distribution as well as the distribution of acoustic echo, etc. Using the theory of viscoelastic mechanics, we study the effects of viscoelastic parameters and sound pressure frequencies for the viscoelastic imaging of model organization. The experimental results of finite element analysis show that the viscosity of the organization cant be ignored in elastography.
Asynchronous contact mechanics

1. motivation Physicists have long observed physical phenomena, such as the motion of fluids and the interaction of galaxies, and developed mathematical models to describe these systems. More recently, the advent of computers has allowed us to implement these models as software in a computational environment, launching the field of physical simulation. On a computer we are able to recreate and study physical phenomena within a controlled setting both for descriptive as well as exploratory purposes, leading to advancements in design, engineering, and entertainment. However, even as computer hardware benefits from Moore’s Law, our ability to program, debug, and maintain software advances at a slower pace. This observation shapes our priorities as we develop physical simulation tools for computer graphics. While making choices that yield up-front simplicity and blazing performance is important today, we prefer that these choices do not obstruct our longterm goals of extending functionality and improving physical realism. Laying aside ad hoc models in favor of physical approaches might require a deeper initial investment, but it promises to pay off handsomely in predictability, controllability, and extensibility.
Using style to understand descriptions of software architecture

The software architecture of most systems is described informally and diagrammatically. In order for these descriptions to be meaningful at all, figures are understood by interpreting the boxes and lines in specific, conventionalized ways[5]. The imprecision of these interpretations has a number of limitations. In this paper we consider these conventionalized interpretations as architectural styles and provide a formal framework for their uniform definition. In addition to providing a template for precisely defining new architectural styles, this framework allows for the proof that the notational constraints on a style are sufficient to guarantee the meanings of all described systems and provides a unified semantic base through which different stylistic interpretations can be compared.
Fast algorithm for conditional separation and dereverberation

Last year, we proposed a conditional separation and dereverberation method (the CSD method) for simultaneously achieving blind source separation and dereverberation of sound mixtures. This paper presents a novel fast algorithm for implementing the CSD method. Most of the computation time of the CSD method is spent on calculating what we call modified correlation matrices. The proposed algorithm can calculate these modified correlation matrices much faster than the original algorithm. This improvement is realized by capitalizing on the particular structure of the modified correlation matrices. Experimental results obtained using 672 test samples revealed that the CSD method provided a much better signal-to-interference ratio than a frequency-domain blind source separation method. The real time factor of the proposed algorithm was between 4 and 6, which is less than one tenth that of the original algorithm.
Exotic orbits of two interacting wave sources.

As shown recently, it is possible to create, on a vibrating fluid interface, mobile emitters of Faraday waves [Y. Couder, S. Protière, E. Fort, and A. Boudaoud, Nature 437, 208 (2005)]. They are formed of droplets bouncing at a subharmonic frequency which couple to the surface waves they emit. The droplet and its wave form a spontaneously propagative structure called a "walker. " In the present paper we investigate the large variety of orbital motions exhibited by two interacting walkers having different sizes and velocities. The various resulting orbits which can be circular, oscillating, epicycloidal, or "paired walkers" are defined and characterized. They are shown to result from the wave-mediated interaction of walkers. Their relation to the orbits of other localized dissipative structures is discussed.
3D world modeling using 3D laser scanner and omni-direction camera

3D world modeling is an important issue for a long time. For this, various sensors like a laser scanner and a camera are used. The calibration process is needed to set only one absolute axis between those sensors. In this paper, we present improved calibration between a laser scanner and a camera using PCA method. Next important thing is to know vehicle's pose and orientation. With this whole algorithm, our approach leads to improve 3D world modeling.