Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TAX AND SPENDING POLICY and economic mobility

• While marginal tax rates seem to have little influence on men's decisions to work, refundable tax credits for low-income families have increased women's participation and may improve their relative economic position. • The tax treatment of wealth accumulation through home ownership, retirement savings, capital income and estate taxes primarily benefits higher-income families and does not enhance intergenerational mobility. • Since it is difficult to establish causality between health and economic mobility, the mobility effects of the federal government's large investments in health care are unclear. • Federal spending on education programs targeted towards lower-income individuals such as Head Start and Pell Grants enhance economic mobility by increasing their human capital. • The federal Social Security program has mixed effects on mobility: cash benefits tend to enhance mobility through their progressivity, but Social Security may also depress savings and absolute mobility. Government tax and spending policies can affect both relative and absolute economic mobility. Tax rates potentially can affect decisions to work and invest in human capital, economic growth, and families' relative economic positions. Taxes can also influence individuals' wealth accumulation that potentially affects both absolute and relative economic mobility both across (intergenerational) and within generations (intragenerational). Government spending also affects mobility either by purchasing goods that may drive mobility such as education and health or by effectively lowering the cost of mobility-enhancing goods through tax deductions and credits. Government spending on programs that directly support family consumption also can affect families' relative economic position or intragenerational mobility.
The Notch ligands DLL1 and JAG2 act synergistically to regulate hair cell development in the mammalian inner ear

The mammalian auditory sensory epithelium, the organ of Corti, contains sensory hair cells and nonsensory supporting cells arranged in a highly patterned mosaic. Notch-mediated lateral inhibition is the proposed mechanism for creating this sensory mosaic. Previous work has shown that mice lacking the Notch ligand JAG2 differentiate supernumerary hair cells in the cochlea, consistent with the lateral inhibitory model. However, it was not clear why only relatively modest increases in hair cell production were observed in Jag2 mutant mice. Here, we show that another Notch ligand, DLL1, functions synergistically with JAG2 in regulating hair cell differentiation in the cochlea. We also show by conditional inactivation that these ligands probably signal through the NOTCH1 receptor. Supernumerary hair cells in Dll1/Jag2 double mutants arise primarily through a switch in cell fate, rather than through excess proliferation. Although these results demonstrate an important role for Notch-mediated lateral inhibition during cochlear hair cell patterning, we also detected abnormally prolonged cellular proliferation that preferentially affected supporting cells in the organ of Corti. Our results demonstrate that the Notch pathway plays a dual role in regulating cellular differentiation and patterning in the cochlea, acting both through lateral inhibition and the control of cellular proliferation.
Open Marxism and critical theory: negative critique and class as critical concept

The concept of alienation, or fetishism, in other words, implies its opposite: not as essential non-alienated ‘home’ deep in our hearts, but as resistance, refusal, rejection of alienation in our daily practice. It is only on the basis of a concept of anti-alienation or anti-fetishism that we can conceive of alienation or fetishism. If fetishism and anti-fetishism coexist, then it can only be as antagonistic processes. Fetishism is a process of fetishisation, a process of separating subject and object, always in antagonism to the opposing movement of anti-fetishisation, the struggle to reunite subject and object (2002a: 31).
High-resolution panchromatic spectral models of galaxies including photoionization and dust

An updated version of the dust radiation-transfer code SUNRISE, including models for star-forming regions and a self-consistent calculation of the spatially dependent dust and PAH emission, is presented. Given a hydrodynamic simulation of a galaxy, this model can calculate a realistic 2D ultraviolet-submillimetre spectral energy distribution of the galaxy, including emission lines from H II regions, from any viewpoint. To model the emission from star-forming regions, the MAPPINGSIII photoionization code is used. The high wavelength resolution (∼1000 wavelengths) is made possible by the polychromatic Monte Carlo algorithm employed by SUNRISE. From the 2D spectral energy distributions (SEDs), images in any filter bands or integrated galaxy SEDs can be created. Using a suite of hydrodynamic simulations of disc galaxies, the output broad-band images and SEDs are compared with observed galaxies from the multiwavelength SINGS and SLUGS galaxy surveys. Overall, the output SEDs show a good match with observed galaxies in colours ranging from far-UV to submillimetre wavelengths. The only possible exception is the 160/850 μm colour, which the simulations underestimate by a factor of ∼5 compared to the SINGS sample. However, the simulations here agree with the SLUGS galaxies, which consistently have significantly larger amounts of cold dust than the SINGS galaxies. The SUNRISE model can be used to generate simulated observations of arbitrary hydrodynamic galaxy simulations. In this way, predictions of galaxy formation theories can be directly tested against observations of galaxies.
Impact of Deceptive Impression Management on New Employees: Relationship with Fit, Stress, Well-Being and Engagement

IMPACT OF DECEPTIVE IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT ON NEW EMPLOYEES: RELATIONSHIP WITH FIT, STRESS, WELL-BEING AND ENGAGEMENT Brooke D. Charbonneau University of Guelph, 2018 Advisor: Dr. Deborah Powell The current study looked at student job applicants and investigated the relationship between use of deceptive IM in the interview and personal outcomes on the job. I hypothesized that use of deceptive IM in the interview would be positively related to job stress, and negatively related to perceived fit, affective well-being and employee engagement. I also hypothesized that perceived fit would be negatively related to job stress and positively related to affective wellbeing and employee engagement, and would mediate the relationship between deceptive IM and these variables. These hypotheses were tested with 105 co-op students self-reporting on real job interviews and job attitudes. Path analyses and correlational results supported the relationship between perceived fit and the job outcomes. The relationships between deceptive IM and the job outcomes were all in the expected direction, but there were wide confidence intervals around these relationships. Further research with larger samples should be conducted in this area. However, the results indicate that deceptive IM may not be the best interview strategy for those hoping to obtain long-term jobs where they can grow and develop.
Interdisciplinary Journal of E-learning and Learning Objects Development and Validation of a Model to Investigate the Impact of Individual Factors on Instructors' Intention to Use E-learning Systems

E-learning is becoming an increasingly important part of higher education institutions. However, instructors' use of e-learning systems in community colleges in the United States is relatively sparse. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate some individual factors that may affect instructors' intention to use e-learning systems in community colleges. In this study, we proposed a theoretical model predicting instructors' intention to use e-learning systems in community colleges based on their resistance to change, perceived value of e-learning systems, computer self-efficacy, and attitude toward e-learning systems. The sample for this study included 119 (over 41% response rate) full-time, part-time, and adjunct instructors in different academic departments at a community college. Our findings indicate that the theoretical model developed was able to predict instructors' intention to use e-learning systems. All four predictive variables have significant effects on intention to use e-learning systems. Two statistical methods were used to formulate and test predictive models: Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Ordinal Logistic Regression (OLR). Results of both models were consistent on resistance to change as having the greatest weight on predicting instructors' intention to use e-learning systems, while computer self-efficacy in both analyses was found to have the least weight. We conclude the paper with a discussion, which includes a summary of the results, limitations of this research study, as well as implications for practice and future research.
The Research On Virtual Reality Sickness With Advancing Color And Receding Color

In order to verify the effect of the advancing color and the receding color on VR sickness, I designed an experiment about the familiar tunnels in our daily life. The software uses unity, and the tunnels have three colors, gray, red, and blue. I choose the objective evaluation method: Wii balance board, it can measure the trajectory of the center of gravity shift, indicate the coordinate points in the excel and make the center of gravity movement chart, the center of gravity is more intensely, the dizzy of the personnel body’s feeling is more stronger. The experimental results show that red can bring a instability feelings to the experiencer.
Female sexual function improved with ospemifene in postmenopausal women with vulvar and vaginal atrophy: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Abstract Background Ospemifene is a non-estrogen, tissue selective estrogen receptor agonist/antagonist, or selective estrogen receptor modulator, recently approved for the treatment of dyspareunia, a symptom of vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA), due to menopause. Postmenopausal dyspareunia is often associated with female sexual dysfunction (FSD). In this report, we present data that demonstrate the effect of ospemifene 60 mg/day on FSD assessed by the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), a widely used tool with six domains (Arousal, Desire, Orgasm, Lubrication, Satisfaction, and Pain). Methods A phase-3, randomized, double-blind, 12-week trial (n = 919) compared the efficacy and safety of oral ospemifene 60 mg/day vs. placebo in postmenopausal women with VVA in two strata based on self-reported, most bothersome symptom of either dyspareunia or dryness. Primary data were published previously. We report herein pre-specified secondary efficacy endpoints analyses, including changes from baseline to Weeks 4 and 12 for FSFI total and domain scores as well as serum hormone levels. Results Ospemifene 60 mg/day demonstrated a significantly greater FSFI total score improvement vs. placebo at Week 4 (p < 0.001). Improvement in FSFI scores continued to Week 12 (p < 0.001). At Week 4, the FSFI domains of Sexual Pain, Arousal, and Desire were significantly improved with ospemifene vs. placebo; at Week 12, improvements in all domains were significant (p < 0.05). Changes in serum hormones were minor and uncorrelated with changes in sexual functioning. Conclusion In a large, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, ospemifene 60 mg/day significantly improved FSD in women with VVA. Consistent effects across FSFI domains were observed.
PAID I AN EMPIRICAL MODEL OF EMPHATIC WORD DETECTION

The paper presents an empirical model of emphatic word detection, as an alternative to conventional machine-learning-based methods. The model is based on the Probabilistic Amplitude Demodulation (PAD) that is iteratively applied for getting syllable and stress modulations, i.e., using the cascaded PAD method. The emphatic words are detected by prominent peaks of the stress modulation and by considering the peaks that are stressed or accented. The cascaded demodulation steered with general purpose values derived from 200ms long average syllable duration, yields to detection accuracy of 81%–83%. Speaker-dependent cascaded demodulation, considering specific speaking rate of the speakers, yields to detection accuracy of 86%–91%. The advantages of the proposed empirical detection model are (i) noise-robustness, (ii) language-independence and (iii) it does not require a training phase.
Lagrangian method for solving Software-MCU assignment problem in car electronic system design

In this paper, we address the Software-MCU (Micro Controller Unit) assignment problem in car electronic system design. This is a difficult optimization problem due to complex characteristics of the car electronic system; further, conflicting constraints and designer preferences make the problem more difficult. In order to solve this combinatorial optimization problem, we propose a method which is based on the Lagrangian method. Experimental results show that the search can effectively find the feasible solutions. We also introduce short term and long term memories to the Lagrangian method. There are several ways of integrating the short term and long term memories. We examine these ways of integration in the experiments, and decide the most effective one. When we use this effective integration method, we can improve the efficiency of the Lagrangian method further.
Variational collision integrators in forward dynamics and optimal control

The numerical simulation of multibody dynamics often involves constraints of various forms. First of all, we present a structure preserving integrator for mechanical systems with holonomic (bilateral) and unilateral contact constraints, the latter being in the form of a non-penetration condition. The scheme is based on a discrete variant of Hamilton’s principle in which both the discrete trajectory and the unknown collision time are varied (cf. [Fete 03]). As a consequence, the collision event enters the discrete equations of motion as an unknown that has to be computed on-the-fly whenever a collision is imminent. The additional bilateral constraints are efficiently dealt with employing a discrete null space reduction (including a projection and a local reparametrisation step) which considerably reduces the number of unknowns and improves the condition number during each time-step as compared to a standard treatment with Lagrange multipliers (cf. [Leye 12]). Without collisions, this structure preserving integrator has been used in previous works on discrete mechanics and optimal control for constrained systems (DMOCC), leading to structure preserving simulation of optimal control problems for rigid multibody systems, whereby possible contacts or collisions between the bodies have been disregarded see [Leye 10]. In the formulation presented here, both collision avoidance as well as explicitly planned collisions between non-smooth bodies are included. To this end, a subdifferentiable global contact detection algorithm, the supporting separating hyperplane linear program (SSHLP), based on the signed distance between supporting hyperplanes of two convex sets, is used in the simulation of optimal control problems.
Spinal Protein Kinase M ζ Underlies the Maintenance Mechanism of Persistent Nociceptive Sensitization

Sensitization of the pain pathway is believed to promote clinical pain disorders. We hypothesized that the persistence of a sensitized state in the spinal dorsal horn might depend on the activity of protein kinase M ζ (PKMζ), an essential mechanism of late long-term potentiation (LTP). To test this hypothesis, we used intraplantar injections of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in mice to elicit a transient allodynic state that endured ∼3 d. After the resolution of IL-6-induced allodynia, a subsequent intraplantar injection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or intrathecal injection of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1/5 (mGluR1/5) agonist DHPG (dihydroxyphenylglycol) precipitated allodynia and/or nocifensive responses. Intraplantar injection of IL-6 followed immediately by intrathecal injection of a PKMζ inhibitor prevented the expression of subsequent PGE2-induced allodynia. Inhibitors of protein translation were effective in preventing PGE2-induced allodynia when given immediately after IL-6, but not after the initial allodynia had resolved. In contrast, spinal PKMζ inhibition completely abolished both prolonged allodynia to hindpaw PGE2 and enhanced nocifensive behaviors evoked by intrathecal mGluR1/5 agonist injection after the resolution of IL-6-induced allodynia. Moreover, spinal PKMζ inhibition prevented the enhanced response to subsequent stimuli following resolution of hypersensitivity induced by plantar incision. The present findings demonstrate that the spinal cord encodes an engram for persistent nociceptive sensitization that is analogous to molecular mechanisms of late LTP and suggest that spinally directed PKMζ inhibitors may offer therapeutic benefit for injury-induced pain states.
Data and Collocation Surveillance Through Location Access Patterns

As technologies increase the ability to collect data, individuals leave behind personal fragments of information at a number of locations in both the physical and virtual world. When locations collect independent types of data (e.g. such as sets of unlinked facial images and identities) the data appears unrelated. However, when multiple locations’ collections are account for, patterns in the locations data is left behind at, or data “trails”, allow for disparate data to be linked. In certain instances, this can lead to the re-identification of seemingly anonymous data to the named identity from which it was derived. This paper addresses how trail re-identification via the REIDIT (RE-Identification of Data in Trails) algorithms can be applied to surveillance endeavors. The REIDIT algorithms are capable of uniquely re-identifying data, and are also extendible to tracking collocations of people based on location visit patterns. The research presented in this paper builds upon previous experimental results of trail re-identification with real world datasets by simulating re-identifiability in different types of well-defined location visit distributions. In conclusion, this work provides insight how surveillance through trails can be optimized through information theoretic metrics and an understanding of the distribution of data collection. Contact: Bradley Malin Institute for Software Research International School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3820
The FLEXnav precision dead-reckoning system

Research at the University of Michigan's Mobile Robotics Lab aims at the development of an accurate Proprioceptive (i.e. without external references) Position Estimation (PPE) system for planetary rovers. Much like other PPE systems, ours uses an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) comprising three Fibre Optic Gyroscopes (FOGs) and a two-axes accelerometer, as well as odometry based on wheel encoders. Our PPE system combines data based on expert rules that implement our in-depth understanding of each sensor modality's behaviour under different driving and environmental conditions. Since our system also uses Fuzzy Logic operations in conjunction with the Expert Rules for finer gradation, we call it Fuzzy Logic Expert navigation (FLEXnav) PPE system. The paper presents detailed experimental results obtained with our FLEXnav system integrated with our planetary rover clone, Fluffy and operating in a Mars-like environment. In addition, we compare the results of our FLEXnav system with the results obtained from a conventional Kalman Filter (KF). The paper also introduces new methods for wheel slippage detection and correction, along with comprehensive experimental results.
Experiences of music therapy students working as camp counselors for individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A thematic analysis

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of music therapy students working as camp counselors for individuals with ASD. We conducted semi-structured interviews with graduate and undergraduate students (N = 6) and used thematic analysis to analyze data. Three major themes and nine supporting subthemes emerged. The first theme, Various Differences, was supported by four subthemes: Despite having similar diagnoses, all campers are highly idiosyncratic; Success is different for each camper; Camp is unique as nobody is different because everybody is different; and Counselors have a unique and holistic relationship with campers. The second theme, Counselor Learning, was supported by three subthemes: Counselors experienced changed perspectives and learned from the campers; Counselors learned about and practiced techniques through music therapy observations; and Counselors gained confidence, patience, and experienced personal growth. The third theme, Positive Experience, was supported by two subthemes: Being a counselor for individuals with ASD is a rewarding experience; and Counselors had supportive relationships with their peers. Being a camp counselor for individuals with ASD was a uniquely positive learning experience that provided students with a deeper and more holistic understanding of ASD and themselves as prospective clinicians.
A single-chip digitally calibrated 5.15-5.825-GHz 0.18-μm CMOS transceiver for 802.11a wireless LAN

The drive for cost reduction has led to the use of CMOS technology in the implementation of highly integrated radios. This paper presents a single-chip 5-GHz fully integrated direct conversion transceiver for IEEE 802.11a WLAN systems, manufactured in 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS. The IC features an innovative system architecture which takes advantage of the computing resources of the digital companion chip in order to eliminate I/Q mismatch and achieve accurately matched baseband filters. The integrated voltage-controlled oscillator and synthesizer achieve an integrated phase noise of less than 0.8/spl deg/ rms. The receiver has an overall noise figure of 5.2 dB and achieves sensitivity of -75 dBm at 54-Mb/s operation, both referred to the IC input. The transmit error vector magnitude is -33 dB at -5-dBm output power from the integrated power-amplifier driver amplifier. The transceiver occupies an area of 18.5 mm/sup 2/.