Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous synchronization layer for web services

The web services model is used for interoperability of Heterogeneous and distributed platforms. In this paper we present how different orchestrated and choreography based web services collide each other and exchange information. Exchanging of information takes place by means of integrating choreography Web services with push based web service architecture. In global scenario application are built with web services for their own scenario. Each services follow different set of mechanism for e.g. Web services A follows push based service and service B follows poll based services and so on. In order to exchange the information between these two web-services we introduce a layer which acts as a common platform for service synchronization. We call this layer as Heterogeneous Synchronization layer (HSL). This layer acts as a bridge between global web services and our subscribed web services.
Anxiety and Poor Glycemic Control: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Literature

Objective: To determine whether anxiety is associated with poor glycemic control in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Method: MEDLINE, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases were used to locate studies that measured the association of anxiety with glycemic control. Meta-analytic procedures were used to convert the findings to a common metric, compute effect sizes (ES), and statistically analyze the collective data. Results: The search procedures identified 12 studies, 11 (92 percent) of which satisfied the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. In this overall group, anxiety was not associated with glycemic control (p = 0.19), although the ES was marginally statistically significant (ES = .09, 95 percent CI = 0.04 to 0.14). In studies that determined anxiety from diagnostic interviews, anxiety was associated with hyperglycemia (p = 0.003) and the ES was also statistically significant (ES: 0.25, 95 percent CI = 0.10 to 0.38). Conclusions: The existing literature suggests that anxiety disorders are associated with hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. Additional studies are required to confirm the magnitude of the relationship, to elucidate moderating and causal factors, and to determine whether successful treatment of anxiety improves glycemic control.
Learning with Web 2.0: Social Technology and Discursive Psychology

Recent years have seen the rise of Internet technologies which facilitate activities that are, above all, social and participatory, allowing children and adults to create and share their own content, and to communicate in a wide range of forums. Correspondingly, there has been great popular and expert interest in the potential of Web 2.0 communication technologies for education. The discursive ‘spaces' enabled by Web 2.0 differ from conventional face-to-face and online educational environments in that communication largely occurs in the written form, and is informal and abbreviated. To understand the potential of these new ‘conversational’ communicative practices and technologies for formal education calls for a new research approach: one that focuses on learning through text-based, informal communication. Such a research approach has been proposed by discursive psychology, a social psychological paradigm that emerged in the 1990s which combines the insights of phenomenology, ethnomethodology and conversational analysis. The concern of this approach and of its theoretical precursors with ‘sense-making’ has been observed by educational technologists to make it clearly suitable to a study of instructional practice. This article provides an account of this discursive approach in terms of its relevance to education and applicability for new technologies. With these two key factors in mind, the article suggests how discursive psychology can be adapted in the study of Web 2.0 technologies in educational contexts.
Coronary Artery Calcium Scores: Current Thinking and Clinical Applications

Most incident coronary disease occurs in previously asymptomatic individuals who were considered to be at a lower risk by traditional screening methods. There is a definite advantage if these individuals could be reclassified into a higher risk category, thereby impacting disease outcomes favorably. Coronary artery calcium scores have been recognized as an independent marker for adverse prognosis in coronary disease. Multiple population based studies have acknowledged the shortcomings of risk prediction models such as the Framingham risk score or the Procam score. The science behind coronary calcium is discussed briefly followed by a review of current thinking on calcium scores. An attempt has been made to summarize the appropriate indications and use of calcium scores.
Design of algorithms for Dynamic Spectrum Management ( DSM ) level-3 in xDSL : Comparison and application to phantom mode signals

In xDSL, the information is carried differentially throug h two copper wires. This transmission mode is called Differen tial-Mode (DM). While Common-Mode reception can mitigate part of the colored noise, the major drawback of CM transmission is the egress ca used to other lines. The use of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO ) binder allows to further use a differential signal between two common modes referred to as Phantom Mode (PM) tranmission causing no sign ificant egress to other lines. PM transmission increases the capaci ty by a factor (2N-1)/N (N the number of differential lines). In this paper we study three types of algorithms for optimal power allocation in MIMO systems with colored noise using PM transmission under practical implementation (per-modem total power constraints and non-zero SNR gap). F irst, the two-sided coordination case is studied leading to a SVD-bas ed algorithm. Then, one-sided algorithms for Multiple Access Channels (MAC) and Broadcast Channels (BC) are investigated. Finally, we comp are these Dynamic Spectrum Management (DSM) level-3 algorithm with aDSM level-2 algorithm for Interference Channels (IC). The three types of algorithms are compared in the simulation results applying a VDSL2 scenario.
Being There in Spirit, Fire, and Mind: Expressive Roles Among Nonresidential African American Fathers

Objective: This exploratory qualitative study examined factors contributing to expressive father role negotiation, salience, and commitment in a sample of nonresidential African American fathers (n = 18). Method: Two focus groups were conducted between 2000 and 2001 in a Midwestern city to understand factors that strengthen and diminish bonds between nonresidential African American fathers and their sons. Results: Results indicate that nonresidential fathers deepened their expressive role commitment by reflecting on socioemotional voids in their paternal relationships and negotiating role strains produced as they weighed giving time versus giving money. Conclusions: Findings support the need to foster expressive role commitment among nonresidential African American fathers as a strategy for enhancing child involvement. Social work research, interventions, and practice implications are discussed.
Creating and exploiting flexibility in Steiner trees

This paper presents the concept of flexibility-a geometric property associated with Steiner trees. Flexibility is related to the routability of the Steiner tree. We present an optimal algorithm which takes a Steiner tree and outputs a more flexible Steiner tree. Our experiments show that a net with a flexible Steiner tree increases its routability. Experiments with a global router show that congestion is improved by approximately 20%.
Micro-level language-planning and grass-root initiatives: a case study of Irish language comedy and Inari Sámi rap

The aim of this paper is to examine the increased potential for language change from the micro-level, given the new domains in which minority languages are present in the global era. Drawing on the theoretical notion of sociolinguistic scales this paper presents a comparative account of the changing positions of the Irish and Inari Sámi languages. Specifically, this paper is centred on a comparative study of two media personalities, namely an Irish language stand-up comedian, Des Bishop, and an Inari Sámi rap artist, Amoć, whose success as language-planning actors stems from their use of the mediated space to influence micro-level language planning. By identifying both Bishop and Amoć as micro-level language-planning actors, this paper will examine the potential knock on effects of such initiatives for macro-level language-planning agencies, such as the educational domain, thereby pointing to the potential for increased minority language recovery when such languages achieve new values and functions.
Multivariate Autoregressive Modeling of Hand Kinematics for Laparoscopic Skills Assessment of Surgical Trainees

Virtual reality (VR) simulators aim to enhance surgical education by allowing trainees to optimize their skills without patient risk. To achieve this quality, an objective analysis of surgical dexterity is crucial. The application of hidden Markov models (HMMs) has offered important insights in the evaluation of surgical skills (e.g., task decomposition), but there are still issues that need standardization, especially when constructing the hand motion vocabulary. In this paper, we investigate an alternative approach based on multivariate autoregressive (MAR) models. Kinematic signals from orientation sensors attached to the instruments of a VR simulator were used to study the laparoscopic skills of surgical residents. Two different tasks were performed: knot tying and needle driving. A variational Bayesian (VB) approximation was employed to calculate the MAR coefficients, which after data reduction were fed to a classifier. The MAR weights also provided the opportunity to study the hand motion connections. Specificity (Spec) and sensitivity (Sens) analysis was used to evaluate and compare the classification performance between MAR models and HMMs. Our results demonstrate the strength of the proposed approach in recognizing surgical maneuvers of residents with limited experience in laparoscopic suturing. The MAR approach yielded the best performance (Sens/Spec: 86%-96%), significantly outperforming the well-established approach of statistical similarity between different HMMs (Sens/Spec: 64%-87%). Subjects at the end of residency training demonstrated more and greater hand motion couplings compared to beginners. The methodological aspects of the proposed approach may be easily embedded in the assessment module of modern laparoscopic simulators.
Relationship between friction force and orthodontic force at the leveling stage using a coated wire

The relationship between orthodontic force and friction produced from an archwire and brackets affects the sliding of the wire in the leveling stage. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between force and friction in a small esthetic nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) wire. Material and Methods Five esthetic wires (three coated and two plated) and two small, plain Ni-Ti wires (0.012 and 0.014 inches) were used. We performed a three-point bending test according to ISO 15841 and the drawing test with a dental arch model designed with upper linguoversion of the lateral incisor in the arch (displacements of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mm), and evaluated the relationship between them. Results Unloading bending forces of all wires at displacements of less than 1.0 mm were larger than friction forces, but all friction forces at displacements exceeding 2.0 mm were larger than unloading bending forces. The arch likely expands when displacement from the proximal brackets exceeds 1.0 mm. The friction force of a martensite 0.014-inch Ni-Ti wire was significantly greater than those of the other esthetic and austenitic wires. Conclusions A wire with the smallest possible friction force should be used in cases with more than 1.0 mm displacement.
Human high-altitude adaptation: forward genetics meets the HIF pathway

Humans have adapted to the chronic hypoxia of high altitude in several locations, and recent genome-wide studies have indicated a genetic basis. In some populations, genetic signatures have been identified in the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway, which orchestrates the transcriptional response to hypoxia. This review by Bigham and Lee discusses these findings on human adaptation to high altitude.
Proportionate increase in incidence of colorectal cancer at an age below 40 years: an observation.

AIM Colorectal cancer is particularly a disease affecting individuals above 40 years of age and 90% of cases occur in persons over the age of 50. Genetic and familial factors, viz, HNPCC and FAP, contribute to less than 20% and environmental or acquired factors are the cause of the rest. The aim of this study is to find out the relative proportion of patients < 40 years of age affected by this disease, registered in our institute. MATERIALS AND METHODS Colorectal cancers registered in the calendar years of 2003 and 2004 in our institute were analyzed in this study. Data from Population Based Cancer Registry (P.B.C.R.) for Bangalore, Mumbai, Delhi and Chennai for the year 1988 were taken for comparison. RESULTS The results show that our institute's figures exceed the generally accepted figure for 'incidence of the disease below the age of 40 years' by less than 10% of both the total incidence of the disease and those of P.B.C.R. for Bangalore, Mumbai and Chennai. The corresponding figure for females in Delhi P.B.C.R. shows a little similarity to our institute's figure. CONCLUSION This observation indicates a changing pattern of colorectal cancer occurrence. This change may be a regional one or may be a result of genetic or environmental changes.
Myocardial viability assessment by PET: (82)Rb defect washout does not predict the results of metabolic-perfusion mismatch.

UNLABELLED PET is a sensitive technique for the identification of viable myocardial tissue in patients with coronary disease. Metabolic assessment with (18)F-FDG is considered the gold standard for assessment of viability before surgical revascularization. Prior research has suggested that viability may be assessed with washout of (82)Rb between early and late resting images. Our objective was to determine whether assessment of myocardial viability with (82)Rb washout is reliable when compared with PET using (18)F-FDG. METHODS We performed PET for 194 patients referred for PET (18)F-FDG/(82)Rb to assess viability for clinical indications. We included 151 patients with resting defects >10% of the left ventricle (LV) (n = 159 defects). Patients with smaller resting (82)Rb defects (<10% LV) were excluded for the purpose of this study. PET images acquired with (82)Rb and (18)F-FDG defined viability by the mismatch between metabolism and perfusion ((18)F-FDG >125% of (82)Rb uptake in the (82)Rb defect). Evidence of viability with (82)Rb was assessed by the presence of (i) severity: (82)Rb counts in the defect >50% of (82)Rb in the normal zone of the resting PET images; (ii) washout: decrease of (82)Rb counts in the defect from early to late resting (82)Rb images <17% between the first 90-s image and the final 300-s image; or (iii) combined severity and washout criteria, which required positive criteria for (i) and (ii) to indicate viability. RESULTS Prevalence of viability by (18)F-FDG/(82)Rb criteria was 50% (n = 79). Severity criteria yielded a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 17%, washout criteria yielded a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 23%, and both criteria had a sensitivity of 63% and a specificity of 32%. Positive and negative predictive values were poor for all criteria. No correlation existed between (82)Rb washout and (18)F-FDG-(82)Rb mismatch (r(2) = 0.00). Multiple receiver-operating-characteristic plots showed very poor discrimination despite varying criteria for viability by (82)Rb (severity from 50% to 60% of normal zone, washout from 12% to 17%). CONCLUSION (82)Rb washout from early to late resting images, combined with quantitative severity of the resting (82)Rb defect, did not yield results equivalent to PET (18)F-FDG-(82)Rb mismatch and may not accurately assess myocardial viability.
Learning to play public good games

We extend recent analyses of stochastic effects in game dynamical learning to cases of multiplayer games, and to games defined on networked structures. By means of an expansion in the noise strength we consider the weak-noise limit, and present an analytical computation of spectral properties of fluctuations in multi-player public good games. This extends existing work on two-player games. In particular we show that coherent cycles may emerge driven by noise in the adaptation dynamics. These phenomena are not too dissimilar from cyclic strategy switching observed in experiments of behavioural game theory.
Effective and effortless features for popularity prediction in microblogging network

Predicting popularity of online contents is of remarkable practical value in various business and administrative applications. Existing studies mainly focus on finding the most effective features for prediction. However, some effective features, such as structural features which are extracted from the underlying user network, are hard to access. In this paper, we aim to identify features that are both effective and effortless (easy to obtain or compute). Experiments on Sina Weibo show the effectiveness and effortlessness of the temporal features and satisfying prediction performance can be obtained based on only the temporal features of first 10 retweets.
Effect of cold ischemic time and HLA matching in kidneys coming from "young" and "old" donors: do not leave for tomorrow what you can do tonight.

BACKGROUND Kidneys from older donors are likely to have a lower nephron mass. Nevertheless they constitute a valuable source of kidney allografts. Long cold ischemic time (CIT), with or without delayed graft function (DGF), has been associated with reduced graft survival. The aim of this study was to review the experience of a single UK center to assess the interaction of cold storage time, donor age, organ exchange, and HLA-DR mismatching on short- and long-term survival. METHODS We analyzed 788 first cadaver kidney transplants that were performed in our center from 1990 to 1997 and had complete data available. A donor age of 55 years was the cutoff age for "old" and "young" donor kidneys. The primary outcome measured was graft failure from any cause. RESULTS There were 132 grafts from donors 55 years or older (16.7%), with 76.8% of the kidneys implanted after >20 hr of CIT. Kidney grafts from donors older than 55 years had worse graft survival than grafts from donors younger than 55 (87% vs. 78% at 1 year and 80% vs. 58% at 5 years after transplant, P=0.0001). A CIT of >20 hr significantly reduced graft survival (91% vs.74.3% at 5 years after transplant, P=0.0002) in the young donor group and was associated with an overall graft survival in the old donor group of 57.5% at 5 years. In the same group, ignoring the HLA-DR mismatching to achieve shorter CIT, the predicted initial cost on graft survival at 1 year would have been 3.7% but would have increased to 9% 5 years after transplant. For young donors a CIT of >20 hr had a cost of approximately 18% at 5-year graft survival, far higher than a single DR mismatch. Occurrence of DGF decreased survival in both short (P=0.001) and long (P=0.00001) CIT groups. CONCLUSION Forming local alliances (common recipient lists) and minimizing delays within the hospital might reduce CIT and DGF while achieving excellent HLA matching. This should improve significantly the outcome of both old and young donor kidney grafts.
Loss Frequency and Awareness Predict Performance on a Preschool Variant of the Iowa Gambling Task

The current study investigated the effect of frequency of loss and awareness on the ability to make advantageous decisions in preschoolers using a child variant of the Iowa Gambling Task (Bechara, Damasio, Damasio, & Anderson, 1994). Preschoolers (N = 50) were randomly assigned to either a low loss frequency (0.1) or a high loss frequency (0.5) condition. The results suggested that increase in frequency of loss and higher awareness improved performance in the 4-year-olds. Finally, further analysis indicated that the effect of increased frequency on decision making was partially mediated by increased awareness of the game. The findings have implications for the integration of explicit and implicit processes in making adaptive choices.
The Bw4 public epitope of HLA-B molecules confers reactivity with natural killer cell clones that express NKB1, a putative HLA receptor

Although inhibition of natural killer (NK) cell-mediated lysis by the class I HLA molecules of target cells is an established phenomenon, knowledge of the features of class I molecules which induce this effect remains rudimentary. Using class I alleles HLA-B*1502 and B*1513 which differ only at residues 77-83 which define the Bw4 and Bw6 serological epitopes, we tested the hypothesis that the presence of the Bw4 epitope on class I molecules determines recognition by NKB1+ NK cells. HLA- B*1513 possesses the Bw4 epitope, whereas B*1502 has the Bw6 epitope. Lysis by NKB1+ NK cell clones of transfected target cells expressing B*1513 as the only HLA-A, -B, or -C molecule was inhibited, whereas killing of transfectants expressing B*1502 was not. Addition of an an anti-NKB1 monoclonal antibody reconstituted lysis of the targets expressing B*1513, but did not affect killing of targets bearing B*1502. The inhibitory effect of B*1513 could be similarly prevented by the addition of an anti-class I monoclonal antibody. These results show that the presence of the Bw4 epitope influences recognition of HLA-B molecules by NK cells that express NKB1, and suggest that the NKB1 molecule may act as a receptor for Bw4+ HLA-B alleles. Sequences outside of the Bw4 region must also affect recognition by NKB1+ NK cells, because lysis of transfectants expressing HLA-A*2403 or A*2501, which possess the Bw4 epitope but are in other ways substantially different from HLA-B molecules, was not increased by addition of the anti-NKB1 antibody. Asparagine 86, the single site of N-linked glycosylation on class I molecules, is in close proximity to the Bw4/Bw6 region. The glycosylation site of the Bw4-positive molecule B*5801 was mutated, and the mutant molecules tested for inhibition of NKB1+ NK cells. Inhibition that could be reversed by addition of the anti-NKB1 monoclonal antibody was observed, showing the presence of the carbohydrate moiety is not essential for class I recognition by NKB1+ NK cell clones.
Model error and sequential data assimilation: A deterministic formulation

Data assimilation schemes are confronted with the presence of model errors arising from the imperfect description of atmospheric dynamics. These errors are usually modelled on the basis of simple assumptions such as bias, white noise, and first‐order Markov process. In the present work, a formulation of the sequential extended Kalman filter is proposed, based on recent findings on the universal deterministic behaviour of model errors in marked contrast with previous approaches. This new scheme is applied in the context of a spatially distributed system proposed by Lorenz. First, it is found that, for short times, the estimation error is accurately approximated by an evolution law in which the variance of the model error (assumed to be a deterministic process) evolves according to a quadratic law, in agreement with the theory. Moreover, the correlation with the initial condition error appears to play a secondary role in the short‐time dynamics of the estimation error covariance. Second, the deterministic description of the model error evolution, incorporated into the classical extended Kalman filter equations, reveals that substantial improvements of the filter accuracy can be gained compared with the classical white‐noise assumption. The universal short‐time quadratic law for the evolution of the model error covariance matrix seems very promising for modelling estimation error dynamics in sequential data assimilation. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society