Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct adaptive neuro‐fuzzy trajectory tracking of uncertain nonlinear systems

This paper proposes a direct adaptive neuro‐fuzzy controller to address the adaptive tracking problem for a class of affine nonlinear multi‐variable multi‐input (MVMI) unknown systems that are linearizable by nonlinear state feedback. The proposed control scheme uses a recurrent neuro‐fuzzy model to approximate the system, which combines an underlying fuzzy model with the approximation abilities of high‐order neural networks to produce the fuzzy recurrent high‐order neural network approximator. A hybrid control scheme that combines an adaptive feedback linearization term and a sliding mode term improves system performance by suppressing the influence of external disturbances and approximation errors. The existence and boundedness of the control signal is always assured by employing the novel method of parameter modified hopping and incorporating it in weight updating laws making the closed‐loop system Lyapunov stable. The case of SISO systems is considered separately by following similar analysis with the more general MVMI case. Simulations performed on well‐known benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance analysis of maximum likelihood detector for non-orthogonal multiuser signals

The maximum likelihood (ML) detector is an optimum detector for non-orthogonal multiuser signals since its probability of error is the minimum. Due to its complexity, performance analysis of the ML detector has relied heavily on approximation bounds obtained by the technique of error sequence decomposition. In this paper, exact formulas for the error probabilities of the ML detector are developed. The exact solutions are in the form of multi-dimensional integrals, and it is possible to numerically compute them. Simulation examples are used to verify the theoretical results.
On the validity of a model for the reversals of the Earth's magnetic field

Abstract We have used techniques of nonlinear dynamics to compare a special model for the reversals of the Earth's magnetic field with the observational data. Although this model is rather simple, there is no essential difference to the data by means of well-known characteristics, such as correlation function and probability distribution. Applying methods of symbolic dynamics we have found that the considered model is not able to describe the dynamical properties of the observed process. These significant differences are expressed by algorithmic complexity and Renyi information.
Excimer-laser-produced two-dimensional arrays of large Si grains

Experimental and theoretical results are reviewed for an excimer-laser-based Si large-grain growth method aiming at a 'system-on-panel' technology. Temperature in the Si thin layer should have a gentle slope along the one direction for growing large grains and should have a steep dip along the other direction for controlling their positions. In order to produce such a temperature distribution using an excimer- laser light pulse, phase-shifter patterns that generate the 2D distribution of the light intensity on the sample surface by Fresnel effects should be independently optimized for both directions. The sample should be of a stacked structure of the heat storage layer, the Si layer and the underlayer with low heat diffusing power. The Si layer thickness is a critical parameter for long grain growth, and should be very thin under the condition of the thick heat storage layer. The growth large grains seem to have excellent crystallinity although experimental data is not sufficient.
Hybrid l 1 /l 2 minimization with applications to tomography

Least squares or l2 solutions of seismic inversion and tomography problems tend to be very sensitive to data points with large errors. The lp minimization for 1 ≤ p < 2 gives more robust solutions, but usually with higher computational cost. Iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) gives efficient approximate solutions to these lp problems. We apply IRLS to a hybrid l2/l2 minimization problem that behaves like an l2 fit for small residuals and like an l1 fit for large residuals. The smooth transition from l2 to l1 behavior is controlled by a parameter that we choose using an estimate of the standard deviation of the data error. For linear problems of full rank, the hybrid objective function has a unique minimum, and IRLS can be proven to converge to it. We obtain a robust efficient method. For nonlinear problems, a version of the Gauss‐Newton algorithm can be applied. Synthetic crosswell tomography examples and a field‐data VSP tomography example demonstrate the improvement of the hybrid method over le.
Fuzzy models induced by alternative defuzzification methods

This paper discusses the main classes of simplified fuzzy models with respect to the general understanding of the defuzzification process. We demonstrate the relationship between the main fuzzy models and the basic steps of defuzzification process-transformation of the possibility distribution inferred by the rule-base of a fuzzy model, conversion into a probability distribution, selection and evaluation of the compatibility between the defuzzified value and the fuzzy subset. As a result we point out how the concept of defuzzification can applied for deriving alternative modifications of the known fuzzy models.
Data assimilation of time under-sampled measurements using observers, the wave-like equation example

We propose a sequential data assimilation scheme using Luenberger type observers when only some space restricted time under-sampled measurements are available. More precisely, we consider a wave-like equation for which we assume known the restriction of the solution to an open non-empty subset of the spatial domain and for some time samples (typically the sampling step in time is much larger than the time discretization step). To assimilate the available data, two strategies are proposed and analyzed. The first strategy consists in assimilating data only if they are available and the second one in assimilating interpolation of the available data at all the discretization times. In order to tackle the spurious high frequencies which appear when we discretize the wave equation, for both strategies, we introduce a numerical viscous term. In this case, we prove some error estimates between the exact solution and our observers. Numerical simulations illustrate the theoretical results in the case of the one dimensional wave equation.
Generalized least-squares fit of multiequation models

A method for fitting multiequation models to data sets of finite precision is proposed. This is based on the Gauss–Newton algorithm devised by Britt and Luecke (1973); the inclusion of several equations of condition to be satisfied at each data point results in a block diagonal form for the effective weighting matrix. This method allows generalized nonlinear least-squares fitting of functions that are more easily represented in the parametric form (x(t),y(t)) than as an explicit functional relationship of the form y=f(x). The Aitken (1935) formulas appropriate to multiequation weighted nonlinear least squares are recovered in the limiting case where the variances and covariances of the independent variables are zero. Practical considerations relevant to the performance of such calculations, such as the evaluation of the required partial derivatives and matrix products, are discussed in detail, and the operation of the algorithm is illustrated by applying it to the fit of complex permittivity data to the D.
PICTURE OF THE MONTH Mesoscale Shear Eddies in the Upper Troposphere

Between 1200 and 1500 UTC on 17 April 1999, a series of mesoscale eddies formed east of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado and Nebraska. Although generally clear skies prevailed, the eddies were strikingly apparent in the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-8 (GOES-8) water vapor imagery (Figs. 1–3). This case is unusual in that multiple eddies formed in a linear fashion and were well structured for a long temporal period. Initially there was a total of four eddies; only two of the eddies lasted 21 h. The eddies were approximately 150 km (93 mi) in horizontal scale for most of their lifetime; however, one eddy reached a maximum size of nearly 200 km (124 mi) over the border between Texas and Oklahoma at 0200 UTC 18 April 1999. After their formation, the eddies in eastern Colorado and Nebraska drifted southeastward into Kansas and Texas by 0000 UTC 18 April 1999 (Fig. 3). The eddies moved southeast then eastward into the panhandle of Texas before dissipating in extreme eastern Texas and western Louisiana at 1500 UTC on 18 April 1999. This article describes the atmospheric conditions at the time of the eddies and identifies factors that may have contributed to their formation.
CCD camera for ground- and space-based solar corona observations

A new concept CCD camera is currently under development at the XUVLab of the Department of Astronomy and Space Science of the University of Florence. This CCD camera is the proposed detector for the space- and ground-based solar corona observations. This camera will be the detector for the polarimetric channels of the UVC coronagraph of the HERSCHEL rocket mission to observe the solar corona in an optical broadband. The ground-based application consists in a UVC prototype for coronagraphic measurements from Earth in the visible range. Within this project, a CCD camera with innovative features has been produced: the camera controller allows the fine tuning of all the parameters related to charge transfer and CCD readout, i.e., the use of virtually any CCD sensor, and it implements the new concept of high level of versatility, easy management, TCP/IP remote control and display.
Convergence analysis of a coupled method for time‐dependent convection‐diffusion equations

The coupling of two locally mass conservative methods is formulated and analyzed for the time‐dependent convection‐diffusion problem. Finite volume method is used in some subdomains and interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method is used in other subdomains. Numerical examples show the advantages of the proposed hybrid method, namely an accurate approximation obtained at a reduced computational cost. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 30: 133–157, 2014
Coupling a minimal stochastic lattice gas model of a cloud system to an atmospheric general circulation model

We propose a strategy to couple a stochastic lattice gas model of a cloud system to a rather general class of convective parametrization schemes. As proposed in similar models recently presented in the literature, a cloud system in a grid box of a general circulation model (GCM) is modelled as a subgrid lattice of N elements that can be in one of S states, each corresponding to a different convective regime. The time evolution of each element of the lattice is represented as a Markov process characterized by transition rates dependent on large‐scale fields and/or local interactions. In order to make application to GCMs computationally feasible, we propose a reduction method leading to a system of S − 1 stochastic differential equations with multiplicative noise. The accuracy of the reduction method is tested in a minimal version of the model. The coupling to a convective scheme is performed in such a way that, in the limit of space‐ and time‐scale separation, the modified stochastic parametrization converges to the original deterministic version of the host scheme. Experiments with a real GCM are then performed, coupling the minimal version of the stochastic model to the Betts–Miller scheme in an aquaplanet version of the Planet Simulator. In this configuration, the stochastic extension of the parametrization keeps the climatology of its deterministic limit but strongly impacts the statistics of the extremes of daily convective precipitation.
Forty‐eight Parrots and the Origins of Population Viability Analysis

My unpaid postgraduate research associate raised his voice. "Forty-eight? " I looked up from my Drosophila. He said it strangely, almost ominously. It wasn't the universal and galactic 42, but 48, a somewhat larger number. And, I soon learned, it had more to do with the mathematics of Australian parrots than with the labored calculations of mice (c.f., The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy). The postgraduate researcher was more interested in chaparral bird species in remnant habitats in the city of San Diego, where he had grown up, the local environment for our urban university. He had been interrupted from his maps and aerial photos. The question had arrived long distance from concerned scientists in Australia. They had only 48 parrots left; was it hopeless? Should they spend their limited resources elsewhere? They had phoned my postdoctoral associate to find out. With his permission, they might decide to let the parrots go extinct. I hear him say something to the effect that there are no hopeless cases, only cases of people without hope. They should not despair. But from the tone in his voice I could tell he wasn't satisfied with that response. Fortyeight troubled him. The phone call was not concluded on an optimistic note. Still mumbling "forty-eight," he returned to the table next to mine. "They've only got 48 parrots and they wonder if it is genetically hopeless to try to save them. " It was nonsense to think that. He knew it and I immediately visualized a stochastic population growth line that happened to drop below 48 but then turned upwards. However, 48 was less than 50, and 50 was the rule, the Magic Number, the scientifically honed edge of the decision ax. And what's the point of rules if we don't follow
The pure rotation spectrum of OH and the solar oxygen abundance

High-resolution solar observations of about 100 pure rotation lines of the i; = 0, 1, 2, and 3 levels of the X H electronic state of OH have yielded a very accurate value of the solar abundance of oxygen, log N(0) = 8.91 ± 0.01, in perfect agreement with that deduced from the two [O i] lines. Moreover, the present work strongly supports the recent OH electric dipole moment function of Werner, Rosmus, and Reinsch rather than other theoretical results. Subject headings : infrared : spectra — molecular processes — Sun : abundances
Method Developing and Testing for Inelastic Scattering Measurements at the GELINA Facility

Accurate inelastic scattering measurements are of interest to improving modelling and simulation of advanced reactor systems through better nuclear data (OECD-NEA, High priority request list for nuclear data http://www.nea.fr/html/dbdata/hprl/). Two setups are available at IRMM for measurements of inelastic scattering with the (n, n′γ)-technique. The first the GAINS gammaarray for inelastic neutron scattering at a 200 m station consists of eight high purity germanium detectors, has high incident neutron energy resolution and is therefore tailored for inelastic scattering measurements. The second, at a 30 m station was developed by IPHC with the purpose of studying actinides for the Th/U cycle and emphasizing besides (n, n′γ) also (n, 2nγ) reactions. In the recent past a number of efforts were started to investigate the uncertainties and corrections required to obtain reliable results and to investigate the limits of accuracy of this technique. A joint effort is described that has led to an improved understanding of the fission chambers used. In particular, the important corrections to the efficiency for fission fragment loss were investigated.
Maximum-likelihood position estimation of network nodes using range measurements

Given a network of stations with incomplete and possibly imprecise inter-station range measurements, it is required to find the relative positions of the stations. The authors show that for a planar geometry the problem can be couched using complex numbers. It then becomes evident that location estimation is equivalent to the celebrated problem of phase retrieval. Although the equations are quadratic, the proposed solution is based on solving a set of linear equations. For precise measurements, the exact solution is obtained with a small number of operations. For noisy measurements, the method provides an excellent initial point for the application of the Gerchberg-Saxton iterations that are usually associated with phase retrieval. Proof of convergence is provided for the iterations. Small error analysis of the algorithm proves that it is statistically efficient and therefore for small measurement errors achieves the Crame-r-Rao lower bound. The authors provide a compact, matrix form expression for the Crame-r-Rao bound and evaluation of the computational load. Numerical examples are provided to corroborate the results.
The Formation of Modern Conceptions of Formal Logic in the Development of Geometry

way laws which geometry predicates of space. " In this division of mathematics " all axioms expressing spatial intuitions would be entirely lacking. The foundations of this science would thereby become as evident as those of arithmetic, while at the same time the restriction that it be limited to the study of a threedimensional manifold would also be dropped. " (43) These dicta are somewhat clarified by GRASSMANN'S further comments on the distinction between formal and real sciences. "Proofs in formal sciences do not go outside the domain of thought into some other domain, but remain completely within the field of combinations of different acts of thought. Consequently, the formal sciences must not take their point of departure from axioms, as do the real sciences, but will take definitions instead as their foundation. " (44) Formal sciences are characterized by the fact that their sole principles of procedure are the rules of logic as well as by the further fact that their theorems are not " about" some phase of the existing world but are " about " whatever is postulated by thought. (45) " Pure mathematics is the science of specialized being generated by thought. Specialized being so (43) Op. Cit., p. IO. (44) Op. cit., p. 22. Italics are not in the text. (45) Op. cit., p. 65. The mathematical aspect of logic was worked out by GRASSMANN and his brother ROBERT, in the latter's Formenlehre oder Mathematik
Excitation dynamics of micro-structured atmospheric pressure plasma arrays

The spatial dynamics of the optical emission from an array of 50 times 50 individual microcavity plasma devices is investigated. The array is operated in argon and argon–neon mixtures close to atmospheric pressure with an ac voltage. The optical emission is analysed with phase and space resolution. It has been found that the emission is not continuous over the entire ac period, but occurs once per half period. Each of the observed emission phases shows a self-pulsing of the discharge, with several bursts of emission of fixed width and repetition rate. The number of emission bursts depends on applied voltage and frequency. Spatially resolved measurements prove that the emission bursts are formed by overlapping emission pulses from single discharge cavities. Intensity differences between positive and negative half-wave can be interpreted through spatially resolved measurements of single discharge cavities.
Dialectical and Formal-Logical Thinking in Senior Preschoolers

: Introduction . The article presents an empirical study into the correlation problems between the development of formal-logical and that of dialectical thinking at preschool age. This has been the first ever approach towards comparing these lines of thought development. The study aims to answer the questions raised by J. Piaget, K. Riegel, and M. Bassechez in their works on the relationship between dialectical and formal-logical thinking. Methods . To assess the development of dialectical thinking we used the following methods: Drawing an Unusual Tree, Cycles and What Happens to be both at the Same Time? Development of formal intellect was determined using the Piaget tests ‒ Scales, Probability and Cylinder . The data on the development of dialectical and formal-logical thinking were compared using correlational and regression statistical methods. The longitudinal study involved 87 children aged 5-6 years and 6-7- year-olds at a later stage, who attended Moscow kindergartens. Outcomes. According to the regression analysis, predictors of the success in the Probability task in the preparatory group were the scores of Piaget’s Probability and Cylinder tests and dialectical thinking measured by the Cycles and What Happens to be Both at the Same Time methods, which were assessed when preschoolers attended the older group (R = 0.606 (>0.5); F = 3.957, p=0.003). Of interest is the correlation between the Probability test outcomes and those of the Cycles method (r=0.203, p=0, 021). Discussion of outcomes . The results suggest that the formal operations of multiplication and the dialectical operations of transformation, reversal and mediation are part of a unified cognitive structure. Based on K. Riegel’s assumption, it may also be argued that it is possible to solve dialectical problems in preschool childhood.
Disturbance-observer-based control & ℋ∞ control for non-linear Markovian jump singular systems with multiple disturbances

This study addresses the Problem of composite hierarchical anti-disturbance control [disturbance-observer-based controllers (DOBC) and ℋ∞ control] for Markovian jump singular systems with non-linearity and two types of disturbances (the first is generated by an exogenous system and the latter is norm-bounded). The authors’ attention is focused on the design of a disturbance observer to estimate the first disturbance, and then on constructing a composite hierarchical control scheme such that the solution to the composite system is unique and exists, the composite system can be guaranteed to be stochastically admissible, and different types of disturbances can be attenuated and rejected simultaneously. By constructing a proper stochastic Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, sufficient conditions for the existence of the desired DOBCs are established. Finally, a numerical eEEExample is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
High-speed area-efficient and power-aware multiplier design using approximate compressors along with bottom-up tree topology

Estimating arithmetic is a design paradigm for DSP hardware. By allowing structurally incomplete arithmetic circuits to occasionally perform imprecise calculations, higher performance can be achieved in many different electronic systems. By means of approximate compressor design and bottom-up tree topology, this paper presents a novel approach of implementing high-speed, area-efficient and power-aware multipliers. Experimental results are given to show the applicability and effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Hierarchical Bayes Models for the Progression of HIV Infection Using Longitudinal CD4 T-Cell Numbers

Abstract Taking the absolute number of CD4 T-cells as a marker of disease progression for persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we model longitudinal series of such counts for a sample of 327 subjects in the San Francisco Men's Health Study (Waves 1–8, excluding zidovudine cases). We conduct a fully Bayesian analysis of these data. We employ individual level nonlinear models incorporating such critical features as incomplete and unbalanced data, population covariates (age at study entry and an indicator of self-reported herpes simplex virus infection), unobserved random change points, heterogeneous variances, and errors in variables. We construct prior distributions using results of previously published work from several different sources and data from HIV-negative men in this study. We also develop an approach to Bayesian model choice and individual prediction. Our analysis provides marginal posterior distributions for all population parameters in our model for this cohort. Using .