Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Citation for Published Item: Use Policy Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Moving beyond Standard Procedures to Assess Spontaneous Recognition Memory

The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. a b s t r a c t This review will consider how spontaneous tasks have been applied alongside neuroscientific techniques to test complex forms of recognition memory for objects and their environmental features, e.g. the spatial location of an object or the context in which it is presented. We discuss studies that investigate the roles of the perirhinal cortex and the hippocampus in recognition memory using standard testing paradigms, and consider how these findings contribute to the ongoing debate about whether recognition memory is a single unitary process or multiple processes that can be dissociated anatomically and functionally. Due to the wide use of spontaneous tasks, the need for improved procedures that reduce animal use is acknowledged, with multiple trial paradigms discussed as a novel way of reducing variability and animal numbers in these tasks. The importance of improving translation of animal models to humans is highlighted, with emphasis on a shift away from relying on the phenomenological experience of human subjects.
Effects of N and P fertilization on the greenhouse gas exchange in two northern peatlands with contrasting N deposition rates

Abstract. Peatlands are important ecosystems in the context of biospheric feedback to climate change, due to the large storage of organic C in peatland soils. Nitrogen deposition and increased nutrient availability in soils following climate warming may cause changes in these ecosystems affecting greenhouse gas exchange. We have conducted an N and P fertilization experiment in two Swedish bogs subjected to high and low background N deposition, and measured the exchange of CO2, CH4 and N2O using the closed chamber technique. During the second year of fertilization, both gross primary production and ecosystem respiration were significantly increased by N addition in the northernmost site where background N deposition is low, while gross primary production was stimulated by P addition in the southern high N deposition site. In addition, a short-term response in respiration was seen following fertilization in both sites, probably associated with rapid growth of nutrient-limited soil microorganisms. No treatment effect was seen on the CH4 exchange, while N2O emission peaks were detected in N fertilized plots indicating the importance of taking N2O into consideration under increased N availability. In a longer term, increased nutrient availability will cause changes in plant composition, which will further act to regulate the peatland greenhouse gas exchange.
Bacterial community structure influenced by Coscinodiscus sp. in the Vistula river plume

Abstract The Gulf of Gdansk is influenced by freshwater inflow from the River Vistula and by a wind-driven current along the coast. Bacterial communities from five stations along a salinity gradient were sampled during one day and analysed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), catalysed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridisation (CARD-FISH) and 16S rRNA gene libraries. On the day of sampling, we observed a probable current-driven seawater influx into the inner part of the gulf that separated the gulf into distinct water bodies. Members of the diatom Coscinodiscus sp. dominated one of these water bodies and influenced the bacterial community. The coexistence of typically freshwater and marine bacterioplankton populations in the Vistula river plume suggested an integration of some freshwater populations into the Baltic Sea bacterioplankton.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Displacement Cascades in BCC-Fe: Effects of Dislocation, Dislocation Loop and Grain Boundary

The interactions between displacement cascades and three types of structures, dislocations, dislocation loops and grain boundaries, in BCC-Fe are investigated through molecular dynamics simulations. Wigner–Seitz analysis is used to calculate the number of point defects induced in order to illustrate the effects of three special structures on the displacement cascade. The displacement cascades in systems interacting with all three types of structure tend to generate more total defects compared to bulk Fe. The surviving number of point defects in the grain boundary case is the largest of the three types of structures. The changes in the atomic structures of dislocations, dislocation loops and grain boundaries after displacement cascades are analyzed to understand how irradiation damage affects them. These results could reveal irradiation damage at the microscale. Varied defect production numbers and efficiencies are investigated, which could be used as the input parameters for higher scale simulation.
Assessment of precipitation deficit using cropwat

Precipitation deficit of wan river basin was assessed using CROPWAT. It also cleared that more or less the effective rainfall was constant around 600 mm over entire basin. Soil moisture deficit decreased from Wari Bhairavgarh to Khatkali i.e. from low to high altitude. There was no precipitation deficit in case of soybean crop whereas it was observed maximum for pigeon pea followed by cotton. Daily soil moisture deficit analysis confirmed that readily soil moisture is available though less than field capacity, to satisfy ETc need of plants up to last decade of September. Thus, two protective irrigations should required during the month of October-November for maintaining optimal growing conditions in the basin.
Behind the curtain: A narrative inquiry into nurses’ working experience in the COVID-19 referral facility in Southern Philippines

Background: During the global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses emerged as the forefront responders, directly confronting the outbreak and risking their well-being to provide essential care to patients afflicted by the virus. However, there is a lack of studies focusing on Filipino nurses’ working experiences. Objective: This study explored nurses’ working experiences in a COVID-19 referral facility in Lanao del Sur, Southern Philippines. Methods: A qualitative narrative inquiry design was employed. A semi-structured interview was used in the study to evaluate the nurses’ experiences at the COVID-19 referral center during the early stages of the pandemic. Data were collected from April to May 2022. A thematic analysis process was used for data analysis. Results: Three main themes were generated: 1) Working in a COVID-19 referral facility is not a matter of choice, skills mastery, or readiness, 2) Actual experience of working in the COVID-19 referral facility can be both physically and psychologically exhausting, but it brings about self-fulfillment, and 3) Social support and non-scientific sources of support can assist nurses in coping with difficulty and stress associated with working the COVID-19 facility. Conclusion: Getting through the pandemic was not easy. This study lifted the curtain that has been kept closed from the eyes of the general public for more than two years. Despite nurses being seen as resilient towards their job, it exposed their vulnerable sides that they never talked about. It also helped us grasp what it meant for nurses who worked tirelessly in the COVID-19 isolation area, a task that only a few nurses took on. These findings can provide insights for healthcare leaders on how to help nurses during tough times.
Retrieval of Microphysical and Radiative Parameters of Stratus Clouds in the Second ARM Enhanced Shortwave Experiment (ARESE II)

The Second Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Enhanced Shortwave Experiment (ARESE II) was conducted at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) site near Lamont, Oklahoma in February-April 2000. Measurements by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)/UMass Airborne Cloud Radar (ACR) (Sadowy et al. 1997) and the Colorado State University Scanning Spectral Polarimeter (SSP) (Stephens et al. 2000) collected during selected ARESE II cases have been used in retrievals of stratus cloud microphysical parameters. The ACR measures cloud reflectivity at 95°GHz; the SSP measures upwelling radiance and fluxes in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths. The instruments were deployed on a Twin Otter aircraft and flown over a number of stratus decks that were present in the area of the SGP site.
Persuasion : Reflections on Economics , Data and the ‘ Homogeneity Assumption ’ 1 Persuasion : Reflections on Economics , Data and the ‘ Homogeneity Assumption

This paper discusses issues to do with the empirical basis of modern economics and points towards the need to look more closely at the ‘homogeneity assumption’ that underpins much economic theory. It argues that severe problems currently prevent economics from becoming more persuasive to both students of economics and those outside the discipline. The issue involves the management of disciplinary boundaries, and excessive use of the ‘homogeneity assumption. ’ Three areas of concern are explored. First is the literature on causes of growth, and the role of policy. The paper documents reasons to doubt the existence of robust relationships between growth and policy variables. Second is the ‘homogeneity assumption’ that different countries are usefully viewed as members of a single population. Third is evidence suggesting that an assumption of ‘normal’ maximizing behaviour has to be justified, not just assumed, and that regular deviations from the usual maximizing assumptions occur with gender and culture. The paper argues that a central issue in economic methodology and pedagogy should be, as North implicitly argues, the negotiation of disciplinary boundaries: what economics can versus cannot explain. It suggests more explicitly basing the choice of explanatory models on empirics identifying where the model applies.
Recent Excavations Near the Gihon Spring and Their Reflection on the Character of Iron II Jerusalem

The paper presents discoveries from recent excavations in Areas C and H at the City of David, Jerusalem, where a sequence of Iron II strata contribute to understanding the development of ancient Jerusalem from the late 9th/early 8th centuries BCE until the 586 BCE destruction. These data are used to emphasize two issues regarding the Iron II city: that the Middle Bronze Age fortifications built around the Gihon Spring were still functioning; and that the city expanded at a gradual pace until it reached its peak size in the late 8th century BCE. The latter point is important when considering the impact of the destruction of the Northern Kingdom on the extent and population of Jerusalem.
Grazing management and its effects on groundcover and runoff control in Queensland, Australia

Grazing animals affect pasture properties by altering plant cover as well as physical impact of their hooves. Reduction in vegetation cover may increase the effect of raindrops in decreasing water infiltration rates and increasing runoff and soil degradation.It is largely assumed that rest period in grazing land can improve ground cover and so grass production through providing opportunities for maintaining plant vigor, seeding and seedling establishment and better sheep distribution ultimately decreasing runoff and sediment losses. However, application of rest period in the grazing management of some geographic locations have not supported this idea that rest period always leads to a higher vegetation level, and lower runoff. Study area (Traprock region of Queensland) with 580 mm rainfall is located in semiarid part of subtropical zone of Queensland and is a sheep grazing area with poor soil. Graziers in this region are concerned about the long term productivity and the impact of current grazing practices on their land and water resources, so in this research Time controlled grazing system which is a flexible rotational grazing with long period of rest is compared with the conventional grazing system (a continuous grazing without rest). This comparison is based on extensive pasture sampling and runoff data collection using two large instrumented plots. In spite of drought of the past 4 years, initial results illustrate higher production and ground cover as well as lower runoff and sediment losses in the Time controlled paddocks compared with the Conventional grazing management system. The relationship between vegetation and effective rainfall shows that the Time controlled system is more responsive to available moisture than Conventional. This improvement in cover and consequently decline in runoff volume is attributed to the expansion of root system over the rest period resulting in building up soil organic matter which in turn increases biological activity
High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to the cerebellum and implicit processing of happy facial expressions.

BACKGROUND Previous research has demonstrated that the cerebellum is involved in emotive and cognitive processes. Furthermore, recent findings suggest high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the cerebellum has mood-improving properties. We sought to further explore the effects of cerebellar high-frequency rTMS on implicit processing of emotional stimuli and mood. METHODS In a double-blind, crossover study, 15 healthy volunteers received 15 minutes of 20 Hz (5 s on, 5 s off) rTMS over the medial cerebellum, occipital cortex or sham in a randomized counterbalanced order on 3 consecutive days. A masked emotional faces response task measured implicit emotional processing of happy, fearful and neutral facial expressions. We used positive and negative affect scales to evaluate rTMS-related changes in mood. RESULTS High-frequency rTMS over the cerebellum was associated with significant increases in masked emotional responses to happy facial expressions only. We observed no changes in consciously experienced mood. LIMITATIONS Although the sham rTMS served as our baseline measurement, additional pre-rTMS data showing that reaction time increases immediately after cerebellar rTMS would have made our results more compelling. CONCLUSION The results replicate and extend previous findings by establishing a direct relation between the cerebellum and emotive information-processing. The parallel between the present effects of high-frequency cerebellar rTMS and short-term antidepressant therapy regarding the change in implicit processing of positive stimuli in the absence of mood changes is notable and warrants further research.
E. coli DNA replication in the absence of free beta clamps

During DNA replication, repetitive synthesis of discrete Okazaki fragments requires mechanisms that guarantee DNA polymerase, clamp, and primase proteins are present for every cycle. In Escherichia coli , this process proceeds through transfer of the lagging-strand polymerase from the b sliding clamp left at a completed Okazaki fragment to a clamp assembled on a new RNA primer. These lagging-strand clamps are thought to be bound by the replisome from solution and loaded a new for every fragment. Here, we discuss a surprising, alternative lagging-strand synthesis mechanism: efﬁcient replication in the absence of any clamps other than those assembled with the replisome. Using single-molecule experiments, we show that replication complexes pre-assembled on DNA support synthesis of multiple Okazaki fragments in the absence of excess b clamps. The processivity of these replisomes, but not the number of synthesized Okazaki fragments, is dependent on the frequency of RNA-primer synthesis. These results broaden our understanding of lagging-strand synthesis and emphasize the stability of the replisome to continue synthesis without new clamps.
Improved secure PCA and LDA algorithms for intelligent computing in IoT-to-cloud setting

The rapid development of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data analysis requires the simultaneous development of cloud computing technology. The application of IoT‐to‐cloud setting has been fully applied in various industry sectors, such as sensor‐cloud system which is composed of wireless sensor network and cloud computing technology. With the increasing amount and types of collected data, companies need to reduce the dimension of massive data in cloud servers for obtaining data analysis reports rapidly. Due to frequent cloud server data leaks, companies must adequately protect the privacy of some confidential data. To this end, we designed a dimension reduction method for ciphertext data in the sensor‐cloud system based on the CKKS encryption scheme, principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) dimension reduction algorithm. As data cannot be directly calculated using traditional PCA and LDA algorithm after encryption, we add some interactive operations and iterative calculations to replace some steps in traditional algorithms. Finally, we select the classification dataset IRIS which is commonly used in machine learning, and screen out the best encryption and calculation parameters, and efficiently realize the dimension reduction method of ciphertext data through a large number of experiments.
Application of adaptive genetic algorithm in optimization of reservoir operation

A new method for optimizing reservoir operation based on Adaptive Genetic Algorithm(AGA) is proposed and the calculation procedure and result for an example are compared with that of Simple Genetic Algorithm(SGA). It shows that because of the AGA can adjust the parameters adaptively according to the value of individual fitness and dispersion degree of population,the problems of convergence and prematurity occurred in SGA are solved.The proposed algorithm has better performance of convergence speed and better stability in the global optimum result with the same generations.
Effect of compaction state on the soil water characteristic curves of sand–natural expansive clay mixtures

Proper understanding and interpretation of the performance of sand–clay liners requires the consideration of its unsaturated behaviour. A cornerstone in the understanding of the unsaturated hydraulic efficiency is the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC). This study discusses the results of an experimental programme performed to investigate the influence of clay content and compaction state on the SWCCs of a proposed sand–natural clay liner. The proposed liner is a mixture of sand and natural expansive clay obtained from the city of Al-Qatif, Saudi Arabia. Experimental results revealed that the SWCC of sand–natural clay mixture is mainly dependent on the sand–clay composition and compaction state. The influence of clay content on the SWCC of sand–natural clay mixtures was marked by an increase in water retention capacity with increase in clay content ranging between 0% and 60%. This increase in water retention capacity was attributed to the formation of micropores due to the addition of clay. In addition, compacted specimens simulating optimum, dry-of-optimum and wet-of-optimum conditions showed two forms of SWCCs: unimodal and bimodal SWCC. The unimodal SWCC was observed to be dominant for sand–clay mixtures with low clay content (less than 5%) and for specimens compacted at wet-of-optimum conditions. The bimodal SWCC was observed for optimum and dry-of-optimum water content specimens. These forms of SWCCs were used to interpret mixture structure and pore size distribution arising from different clay content and compaction conditions.
EARLY ONLINE RELEASE

Recent work by Lentz et al. (2008) documents offshore transport in the innershelf due to a wave-driven return flow associated with the Hasselmann wave stress (the Stokes-Coriolis force). We extend their analysis using observations from the central Oregon coast to identify the wave-driven return flow present and quantify the potential bias of wind-driven across-shelf exchange by unresolved wave-driven circulation. Using acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements at six stations, each in water depths of 13-15 m, observed depth-averaged, across-shelf velocities were generally correlated with theoretical estimates of the proposed return flow. During times of minimal wind forcing, across-shelf velocity profiles were vertically sheared, with stronger velocities near the top of the measured portion of the water column, and increased in magnitude with increasing significant wave height, consistent with circulation due to the Hasselmann wave stress. Yet velocity magnitudes and vertical shears were stronger than that predicted by linear wave theory, and more similar to the stratified ‘summer’ velocity profiles described by Lentz et al. (2008). Additionally, substantial temporal and spatial variability of the wave-driven return flow was found, potentially due to changing wind and wave conditions as well as local bathymetric variability. Despite the wave-driven circulation found, subtracting estimates of the return flow from the observed across-shelf velocity had no significant effect on estimates of the acrossshelf exchange due to along-shelf wind forcing at these water depths along the Oregon coast during summer.
Azimuth Preserved Trace Binning of 4D Seismic Data for Improved Repeatability

A-27 AZIMUTH PRESERVED TRACE BINNING OF 4D SEISMIC DATA FOR IMPROVED REPEATABILITY Abstract 1 During the processing of 4D seismic data it is vital to adequately compensate for the nonrepeatability that is a function of acquisition and processing effects. In this paper it is demonstrated that the seismic repeatability can be improved if an azimuth preserved trace binning methodology is implemented between base and monitor survey during the preprocessing stage. This improvement is illustrated using synthetic seismic data generated utilising real navigation data and a model of an isotropic medium. Different types of azimuth based trace binning can be done
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF

approved: ______________________________________________________ Huaping Liu Pulsed ultra-wideband (UWB) radio uses extremely short pulses to transmit information. Such pulses provide very fine timing information, which has led to technological advances in high-precision localization. This thesis focuses on techniques and experiments of Time-Difference-of-Arrival (TDOA) localization of a large number of simultaneous sources. First, common localization techniques such as Received Signal Strength (RSS), Angle of Arrival (AOA), Time of Arrival (TOA), and TDOA are reviewed. It is concluded that TDOA method is best suited for the target application  localization of a large number of targets/sources all required to have simple hardware/software. Then, an algorithm to select a subset of Gold codes from the complete set of a certain code length is developed for minimum mutual interference. This optimized subset of codes is used in simulation. Finally, an experiment is conducted in a warehouse. The goal is to detect and localize the desired transmitter with the ‘intended’ code from a total of 100 active targets. Two different scenarios are studied in the experiment; all transmitters are synchronized (Case 1) and all transmitters are asynchronous (Case 2). For both cases, experimental results have shown that the codes optimized are effective for high-precision localization of a large number of simultaneous sources.