Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Milking performance of dairy cows subjected to electrical current and induced milking machine problems

Milking performance of cows subjected to electrical current during milking and two common milking machine problems were documented. The first experiment used 32 cows in a 2 U 2 factorial design with exposure to 1 mA (rms, 60 Hz) of electrical current from front to back hooves during milking and a pulsation failure (no massage phase) as treatments. A second experiment used 16 cows in a 2 U 2 factorial design with exposure to 1 mA (rms, 60 Hz) of electrical current from front to back hooves during milking and excessively aged milking machine liners as treatments. The response measures for both experiments were milk yield, average milk flow rate, maximum milk flow rate, cow activity, and strip yield. The main effect of current exposure was not statistically significant for any of the response variables. The main effect of pulsation failure was significant for cow activity (5.8 fewer weight shifts during a milking). The main effect of aged liners was significant for milk yield (2.2 kg increase), average flow rate (0.3 kg/min reduction), maximum flow rate (1.2 kg/min reduction), and liner slips (26 more per milking). The significance of some interactive effects appeared to indicate that current exposure had a mitigating effect on the changes caused by the milking machine problems. These interactions were not consistent across experiments and in some cases were highly influenced by a few observations. Further investigation is warranted before drawing any firm conclusions regarding these interactive effects. This study adds further evidence to the body of literature showing that exposure to low–level step potential resulting in <1 mA rms of 60 Hz electrical current during milking is not a cause of cow discomfort or poor milking performance.
Severe Preeclampsia With and Without HELLP Differ With Regard to Placental Pathology

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the histopathology in placentas from patients with severe preeclampsia with and without hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome. An additional aim was to compare the prevalence of infants born small for gestational age in the 2 groups. The study is retrospective and includes 178 women who have been diagnosed at the Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge or at the Free University Medical Center between 2000 and 2005 with severe preeclampsia. A total of 96 women had severe preeclampsia without signs of HELLP (preeclampsia group), whereas 82 fulfilled the criteria for having HELLP syndrome (HELLP group). Infarction (P=0.014), intervillous thrombosis (P<0.001), and abruption (P=0.002) were more common in the preeclampsia group than in the HELLP group. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of accelerated villous maturation (P=0.61), decidual arteriopathy (P=0.27), or chorioamnionitis (P=0.61). Furthermore, there was a higher mean placental weight, adjusted for gestational age, in the Swedish HELLP material than in the preeclampsia group (P<0.001). Finally, mothers in the preeclampsia group gave birth significantly more often to small for gestational age babies than mothers suffering from HELLP syndrome (P<0.001). The histopathologic profile and the range of placental lesions were partly different in the preeclampsia and HELLP patients. Considering the central role that placenta seems to have in preeclampsia, the present result might suggest that different underlying pathogenetic mechanisms and courses can be in play in patients with preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome.
Is there a “Big Five” in Teamwork?

The study of teamwork has been fragmented through the years, and the findings are generally unable to be used practically. This article argues that it is possible to boil down what researchers know about teamwork into five core components that the authors submit as the “Big Five” in teamwork. The core components of teamwork include team leadership, mutual performance monitoring, backup behavior, adaptability, and team orientation. Furthermore, the authors examine how these core components require supporting coordinating mechanisms (e.g., shared mental modes, closed-loop communication, and mutual trust) and vary in their importance during the life of the team and the team task. Finally, the authors submit a set of propositions for future research.
The impact of fabrication parameters and substrate stiffness in direct writing of living constructs

Biomolecules and living cells can be printed in high‐resolution patterns to fabricate living constructs for tissue engineering. To evaluate the impact of processing cells with rapid prototyping (RP) methods, we modeled the printing phase of two RP systems that use biomaterial inks containing living cells: a high‐resolution inkjet system (BioJet) and a lower‐resolution nozzle‐based contact printing system (PAM2). In the first fabrication method, we reasoned that cell damage occurs principally during drop collision on the printing surface, in the second we hypothesize that shear stresses act on cells during extrusion (within the printing nozzle). The two cases were modeled changing the printing conditions: biomaterial substrate stiffness and volumetric flow rate, respectively, in BioJet and PAM2. Results show that during inkjet printing impact energies of about 10−8 J are transmitted to cells, whereas extrusion energies of the order of 10−11 J are exerted in direct printing. Viability tests of printed cells can be related to those numerical simulations, suggesting a threshold energy of 10−9 J to avoid permanent cell damage. To obtain well‐defined living constructs, a combination of these methods is proposed for the fabrication of scaffolds with controlled 3D architecture and spatial distribution of biomolecules and cells. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 2012
Exon 1 Disruption Alters Tissue-Specific Expression of Mouse p53 and Results in Selective Development of B Cell Lymphomas

p53 is a tumor suppressor gene mutated in >50% of human cancers, while p53 deficiency in mice results in cancers and accelerated mortality. Thymic T cell lymphoma is the most common malignancy in p53-deficient mice, making it difficult to study the role of p53 in other malignancies. To overcome this limitation, we attempted to generate mice with a reversible p53 knockout (p53rev/rev) by inserting a floxed transcriptional stop into the first exon of p53, anticipating that this would allow tissue-specific Cre-mediated expression of p53. Contrary to expectations, functional p53 protein was expressed in the thymus and multiple other tissues of p53rev/rev mice in the absence of Cre, whereas B cells expressed p53 protein only in the presence of B cell-specific CD19-Cre. In the absence of Cre, 76% of p53rev/rev mice developed splenic marginal zone B cell lymphomas, indicating sensitivity of this B cell subset to transformation caused by p53 deficiency. 5′-RACE identified p53 mRNA transcribed from a novel start site utilized in thymocytes but not normal B cells or B cell lymphomas from p53rev/rev mice. The p53rev/rev mouse thus demonstrates an effect of p53 deficiency in development of splenic marginal zone lymphomas and provides a model for study of p53-deficient human B cell lymphomas.
Mannitol Does Not Enhance Tobramycin Killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Cystic Fibrosis Model System of Biofilm Formation

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a human genetic disease that results in the accumulation of thick, sticky mucus in the airways, which results in chronic, life-long bacterial biofilm infections that are difficult to clear with antibiotics. Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection is correlated with worsening lung disease and P. aeruginosa transitions to an antibiotic tolerant state during chronic infections. Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside currently used to combat lung infections in individuals with CF. While tobramycin is effective at eradicating P. aeruginosa in the airways of young patients, it is unable to completely clear the chronic P. aeruginosa infections in older patients. A recent report showed that co-addition of tobramycin and mannitol enhanced killing of P. aeruginosa grown in vitro as a biofilm on an abiotic surface. Here we employed a model system of bacterial biofilms formed on the surface of CF-derived airway cells to determine if mannitol would enhance the antibacterial activity of tobramycin against P. aeruginosa grown on a more clinically relevant surface. Using this model system, which allows the growth of robust biofilms with high-level antibiotic tolerance analogous to in vivo biofilms, we were unable to find evidence for enhanced antibacterial activity of tobramycin with the addition of mannitol, supporting the observation that this type of co-treatment failed to reduce the P. aeruginosa bacterial load in a clinical setting.
CLUSTERING WITH A LEARNED DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION PROJECTION

Subspace clustering aims to separate data from a union of low dimensional linear subspaces. Many recent subspace clustering methods based on selfrepresentation are popular and achieve state-ofart performance. Dimensionality reduction is a common preprocessing procedure before applying these clustering methods. In this paper, we present an algorithm to segment subspaces with a learned dimensionality reduction projection instead of simply using PCA (Principal Component Analysis). We propose an objective function which simultaneously learns the dimensionality reduction projection and selfrepresentation coefficients. We integrate SMR (Smooth Representation subspace clustering) into this framework and propose SMR_LP (Smooth Representation clustering with Learned Projection). We also propose an efficient method to optimize the cost function. A well learned projection helps preserving the data structure and improves the clustering performance. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Reducing Concurrent Sexual Partnerships Among Blacks in the Rural Southeastern United States: Development of Narrative Messages for a Radio Campaign

In the United States, heterosexual transmission of HIV infection is dramatically higher among Blacks than among Whites. Overlapping (concurrent) sexual partnerships promote HIV transmission. The authors describe their process for developing a radio campaign (Escape the Web) to raise awareness among 18–34-year-old Black adults of the effect of concurrency on HIV transmission in the rural South. Radio is a powerful channel for the delivery of narrative-style health messages. Through six focus groups (n = 51) and 42 intercept interviews, the authors explored attitudes toward concurrency and solicited feedback on sample messages. Men were advised to (a) end concurrent partnerships and not to begin new ones; (b) use condoms consistently with all partners; and (c) tell others about the risks of concurrency and benefits of ending concurrent partnerships. The narrative portrayed risky behaviors that trigger initiation of casual partnerships. Women were advised to (a) end partnerships in which they are not their partner's only partner; (b) use condoms consistently with all partners; and (c) tell others about the risks of concurrency and benefits of ending concurrent partnerships. Messages for all advised better modeling for children.
Learning biases and language evolution

Structural hallmarks of language can be explained in terms of adaptation, by language, to pressures arising during its cultural transmission. Here I present a model which explains the compositional structure of language as an adaptation in response to pressures arising from the poverty of the stimulus available to language learners and the biases of language learners themselves.
Cinderella's coach or just another pumpkin? Information communication technologies and the continuing marginalisation of languages in Australian schools

The rhetoric around global connectedness and advances in information communication technologies (ICTs) suggests that: Professional life for the marginalised and isolated language teacher should be easier; the experience of language learners in Australian schools should be more meaningful and bring them closer to the languages and communities that they are studying; and collectively this should be empowering for students and teachers and, in turn, empower the languages learning area with respect to its status and place within the curriculum. This paper examines these assumptions through a qualitative multiple case study investigation of the use of information communication technologies (ICTs) in secondary school language classes. The study explores the perceptions and experiences of early adolescent language learners and those of their teachers. It also identifies and examines a range of contextual factors that both complicate and nuance the technology and languages learning nexus. The findings of the study question the assumption of 'automaticity' associated with ICTs and an enhanced/improved language learning experience for all those involved. This study finds that experience with technologies can impact negatively on both learners and teachers. This, in turn, can have an adverse influence on perceptions about languages and their status in schools. At a time when schools are investing heavily in information communication technologies, and when they are having to manage the introduction of the Australian Curriculum: Languages, the findings of this study serve to highlight the place of the 'critical' in terms of languages in Australian schools.
A high-content screening microscopy approach to dissect the role of Rab proteins in Golgi-to-ER retrograde trafficking

ABSTRACT Here, we describe a high-content microscopy-based screen that allowed us to systematically assess and rank proteins involved in Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retrograde transport in mammalian cells. Using a cell line stably expressing a GFP-tagged Golgi enzyme, we used brefeldin A treatment to stimulate the production of Golgi-to-ER carriers and then quantitatively analysed populations of cells for changes in this trafficking event. Systematic RNA interference (RNAi)-based depletion of 58 Rab GTPase proteins and 12 Rab accessory proteins of the PRAF, YIPF and YIF protein families revealed that nine of these were strong regulators. In addition to demonstrating roles for Rab1a, Rab1b, Rab2a, and Rab6a or Rab6a′ in this transport step, we also identified Rab10 and Rab11a as playing a role and being physically present on a proportion of the Golgi-to-ER tubular intermediates. Combinatorial depletions of Rab proteins also revealed previously undescribed functional co-operation and physical co-occurrence between several Rab proteins. Our approach therefore provides a novel and robust strategy for a more complete investigation of the molecular components required to regulate Golgi-to-ER transport in mammalian cells. Summary: An automated high-content microscopy screen is used to quantitatively explore the role of Rab family GTPases in Golgi-to-ER traffic, revealing that nine proteins are strong regulators of this process.
Performance analysis of a synchronous generator based hybrid power system

The work describes the modeling and simulation of a renewable energy based hybrid power system in the aspects of improving power quality and system reliability. An Energy Management and Control Unit (EMCU) is also proposed. For meeting the sustained load demands during varying natural conditions, different renewable energy sources and converters need to be integrated with each other. The paper focuses on the combination of Photo Voltaic (PV) cell system and Wind turbine system with MPPT Controller, Battery system and diesel engine for power generation, and to improve power quality, we are proposing Synchronous Generator model instead of using static converters. The simulation results indicate that the proposed hybrid power system can effectively manage the optimal utilization of primary energy sources and improves the power quality.
Area efficient time-shared FIR filters in nanoscale CMOS

Parallelism has been used in the past as a high level architectural transformation for reducing the dynamic power consumption of FIR filters. However increasing the level of parallelism incurs an area penalty. In nanoscale CMOS circuits, leakage power is emerging as the dominant mode of power consumption. Leakage power is strongly correlated to the area and the total number of leaking transistors. This requires the classical area vs. power tradeoffs to be revisited. In addition to reducing the dynamic power, the increased timing slacks in the circuits with a higher degree of parallelism, can also be exploited for implementing the circuit using slower, low-leakage transistors. Hence the efficiency with which an architecture can trade area for increased timing slack is an important consideration for low power design in nanoscale CMOS. The current work shows that the algorithmic strength reduction achieved by fast filter algorithms (FFAs) can be used to design a class of time-shared FIR filters which are more area efficient than traditional structures, under specific conditions.
Global Dual Sourcing: Tailored Base-Surge Allocation to Near- and Offshore Production

When designing a sourcing strategy in practice, a key task is to determine the average order rates placed to each source because that affects cost and supplier management. We consider a firm that has access to a responsive nearshore source (e.g., Mexico) and a low-cost offshore source (e.g., China). The firm must determine an inventory sourcing policy to satisfy random demand over time. Unfortunately, the optimal policy is too complex to allow a direct answer to our key question. Therefore, we analyze a tailored base-surge (TBS) sourcing policy that is simple, used in practice, and captures the classic trade-off between cost and responsiveness. The TBS policy combines push and pull controls by replenishing at a constant rate from the offshore source and producing at the nearshore plant only when inventory is below a target. The constant base allocation allows the offshore facility to focus on cost efficiency, whereas the nearshore facility's quick response capability is utilized only dynamically to guarantee high service. The research goals are to (i) determine the allocation of random demand into base and surge capacity, (ii) estimate corresponding working capital requirements, and (iii) identify and value the key drivers of dual sourcing. We present performance bounds on the optimal cost and prove that economic optimization brings the system into heavy traffic. We analyze the sourcing policy that is asymptotically optimal for high-volume systems and present a simple “square-root” formula that is insightful to answer our questions and sufficiently accurate for practice, as is demonstrated with a validation study.
Distribution and lateral mobility of voltage-dependent sodium channels in neurons [published erratum appears in J Cell Biol 1989 May;108(5):preceding 2001]

Voltage-dependent sodium channels are distributed nonuniformly over the surface of nerve cells and are localized to morphologically distinct regions. Fluorescent neurotoxin probes specific for the voltage- dependent sodium channel stain the axon hillock 5-10 times more intensely than the cell body and show punctate fluorescence confined to the axon hillock which can be compared with the more diffuse and uniform labeling in the cell body. Using fluorescence photobleaching recovery (FPR) we measured the lateral mobility of voltage-dependent sodium channels over specific regions of the neuron. Nearly all sodium channels labeled with specific neurotoxins are free to diffuse within the cell body with lateral diffusion coefficients on the order of 10(- 9) cm2/s. In contrast, lateral diffusion of sodium channels in the axon hillock is restricted, apparently in two different ways. Not only do sodium channels in these regions diffuse more slowly (10(-10)-10(-11) cm2/s), but also they are prevented from diffusing between axon hillock and cell body. No regionalization or differential mobilities were observed, however, for either tetramethylrhodamine- phosphatidylethanolamine, a probe of lipid diffusion, or FITC-succinyl concanavalin A, a probe for glycoproteins. During the maturation of the neuron, the plasma membrane differentiates and segregates voltage- dependent sodium channels into local compartments and maintains this localization perhaps either by direct cytoskeletal attachments or by a selective barrier to channel diffusion.
3D triangulation based extrinsic calibration between a stereo vision system and a LIDAR

This paper presents a novel extrinsic calibration algorithm between a binocular stereo vision system and a 2D LIDAR (laser range finder). Extrinsic calibration of these heterogeneous sensors is required to fuse information obtained separately by vision sensor and LIDAR in the context of intelligent vehicle. By placing a planar chessboard at different positions and orientations in front of the sensors, the proposed method solves the problem based on 3D reconstruction of the chessboard and geometric constraints between views from the stereovision system and the LIDAR. The three principle steps of the approach are: 3D corner points triangulation, 3D plane least-squares estimation, solving extrinsic parameters by applying a non-linear optimization algorithm based on the geometric constraints. To evaluate the performance of the algorithm, experiments based on computer simulation and real data are performed. The proposed approach is also compared with a popular calibration method to show its advantages.
Trends and knowledge base in sport and exercise psychology research: a bibliometric review study

Bibliometric methods were used to examine: (1) research themes in sport and exercise psychology articles published between 2008 and 2011; and (2) the intellectual base of the field of sport and exercise psychology, defined as influential literature being cited in these articles. The dataset consisted of 795 articles from five sport and exercise psychology journals and 345 articles obtained through citation-based extension (n = 1140 articles). A cluster analysis yielded 73 clusters showing themes in sport and exercise psychology research. Principal component analysis was used to identify and analyze relationships between 14 highly cited research areas constituting the intellectual base of sport and exercise psychology. Some main findings were: (1) the identification of many re-emerging themes, (2) research related to motivation seems to be extensive, (3) sport psychology and exercise psychology research share theoretical frameworks to some extent, however (4) differences compared to previous reviews indicate that sport psychology and exercise psychology may be regarded as two distinct research fields, rather than one united field, and (5) isolated research areas were identified indicating potential for research integration. Suggestions for future research are provided. The bibliometric approach presented a broad overview of trends and knowledge base in sport and exercise psychology research.