Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
'Riding furiously in all directions' - implications of uncoordinated technical, organisational and legal responses to illegal or inappropriate on-line behaviours

The development of technical, organisational and legal responses to the challenges posed by illegal or inappropriate on-line behaviours is a growth industry. As the incidence of e-crime and computer misuse has increased, so has the demand for more effective defensive and offensive solutions. Noticeably, while responses have tended to focus on discrete sets of technical, organisational or legal challenges there is now recognition of the need for integrated solutions that can effectively balance requirements for network security, individual privacy and the generation of legally admissible digital evidence. More significantly, there is growing proof to suggest that the fragmented nature of these discrete approaches is inhibiting the development of the integrated solutions and skills required and impairing the overall effectiveness of the responses developed. At the technical level rapid developments in e-security, intrusion prevention/protection, user profiling and network monitoring and maintenance have improved our ability to treat the symptoms of illegal or inappropriate behaviour whilst making problematic evidence acquisition and the maintenance of individual privacy. At the organisational level the tightening of e-security and system usage policies has often impacted negatively on individual privacy and other rights, this inturn has resulted in other behaviours that have actually impaired the effectiveness of technical systems. At the legal level the rapid introduction of new laws and police powers has raised concerns about users privacy and other rights and displayed an approach to digital evidence that inadequately addresses the ‘last mile’, this in turn has produced organisational and end-user behaviours that impede evidence acquisition activities. In this context, this research paper adopts an e-forensic approach to examine the interrelatedness between technical, organisational and legal responses to the challenges posed by illegal or inappropriate on-line behaviour. The paper acknowledges some of the numerous challenges that remain unresolved in each approach and argues that the future developments must be focused on integrated solutions that balance the interests for security, legal admissibility and privacy in ways that are calibrated to address the dynamic and multi-faceted nature of the forensic computing domain.
Experiences from an industry-wide initiative for setting metadata for regulatory requirements in the nuclear domain

The industrial organizations involved in developing and maintaining nuclear power plants need to comply with the requirements coming from the legislative regulation. In the newly renewed Finnish guidelines, there are over 6500 such requirements, which are not always easy to interpret. The industrial stakeholders particularly find the situation highly challenging. Therefore, the Finnish nuclear industry and regulators formed a joint task force to clarify the new requirements by attaching metadata to regulatory requirements. We observed the work process and created tooling to support this work. We present the initial results of the ongoing work of the task force at its halfway milestone, the KLAD tool and experiences on its usage. In the process of setting metadata, the industrial stakeholders reported increasing understanding of the content meaning of the requirements, and regulatory requirement authors learned about writing good requirements. The tool was successful, and in addition, it provides good opportunities for further analysis of the requirements and metadata.
Leukoaraiosis at Presentation and Disease Progression during Follow‐up in Histologically Confirmed Cases of Dementia

While Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia have distinct histopathological features, the combination of both may result in more severe symptoms of dementia.1,2 The effect of concomitant cerebrovascular disease or cerebrovascular risk factors on the clinical course of Alzheimer’s disease is uncertain. Leukoaraiosis, the bilateral symmetrical white matter lucencies visible on computed tomography (CT), is common in very elderly people and in patients with vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.3 Leukoaraiosis is more common among individuals with a prior history of stroke, or cardiovascular risk factors,3 which has prompted many to consider that leukoaraioisis is a radiological correlate of small vessel disease. There is little histopathological evidence to substantiate this and, indeed, the pathological correlates of leukoaraiosis are by no means clear and may well reflect several different processes.4,5 The aim of this longitudinal clinicopathological study was to examine the prevalence of leukoaraiosis on CT at presentation among histological subtypes of dementia and assess their relevance to clinical progression of dementia.
A dimensional approach to vocal expression of emotion

This study explored a dimensional approach to vocal expression of emotion. Actors vocally portrayed emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness) with weak and strong emotion intensity. Listeners (30 university students and 6 speech experts) rated each portrayal on four emotion dimensions (activation, valence, potency, emotion intensity). The portrayals were also acoustically analysed with respect to 20 vocal cues (e.g., speech rate, voice intensity, fundamental frequency, spectral energy distribution). The results showed that: (a) there were distinct patterns of ratings of activation, valence, and potency for the different emotions; (b) all four emotion dimensions were correlated with several vocal cues; (c) listeners' ratings could be successfully predicted from the vocal cues for all dimensions except valence; and (d) the intensity dimension was positively correlated with the activation dimension in the listeners' ratings.
Changes in Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscle With Exercise and Statins

Objective—Statins are safe medications but have side effects including myalgia and rhabdomyolysis. How statins provoke muscle damage is not known, but this effect is exacerbated by exercise. Methods and Results—Healthy subjects took Atorvastatin (80 mg/daily) or placebo for 4 weeks. Biopsies of both vastus lateralis muscles were performed 8 hours after eccentric exercise (known to result in muscle soreness and damage) of the left leg at baseline and the right leg after statin/placebo treatment. Gene expression was determined using Affymetrix GeneChips, and selected genes confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Atorvastatin had little effect on gene expression at rest. When combined with exercise, 56 genes were differentially expressed with 18% involved in the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP) and 20% involved in protein folding and catabolism, and apoptosis. Conclusion—This is the first investigation to our knowledge to implicate involvement of the UPP in skeletal muscle in response to combined exercise and statin treatment, possibly explaining the onset of myalgia with exertion. Statins may alter the response of muscle to exercise stress by altering the action of the UPP, protein folding, and catabolism, disrupting the balance between protein degradation and repair.
Managing to Lead: Women managers in the further education sector

This article provides a review of the major interpretations of the changing gender relations in FE management. In so doing, the key question of whether FE, at senior level, remains a 'boy's club' is addressed. In relation to this, the article considers the degree to which those women recruited to senior and middle management positions in FE are being required to 'carry the burden' of organisational change. Drawing on recent research across the FE sector, the article reveals some of the ways in which women FE managers attempt to balance the desire for interesting and challenging work, against the demands of intensified effort in a gendered organisational culture.
Disentangling power and decision-making in participatory design

This paper uses the example of a participatory design project in support of urban planning to analyse the complexity of design decisions. A set of design decisions is described and discussed, showing who made decisions on what. We discuss big decisions and small decisions, decisions internal to the project and related to the outside world, and decisions that might be called non-decisions. A conceptual framework on power is applied for understanding decision-making, power and conflict in Participatory Design projects. We discuss the concept of power, making distinctions between sources of power (among them expert knowledge, resource allocation, values, and interpretations); as well as between various mechanisms guiding decision-making: power, influence, trust and seeking understanding.
Supernumerary Robotic Limbs for Human Augmentation in Overhead Assembly Tasks

Design and control of a novel extra robotic arm attached to the shoulder of a worker for performing tasks in the overhead area are presented. The wearable robot, a Supernumerary Robotic Limb (SRL), can lift an object and hold it while the wearer is securing the object using a tool with both hands. The worker does not have to take a laborious posture for a long time, reducing fatigue and injuries. Furthermore, a single worker can execute the task, which would otherwise require two workers. Two technical challenges and novel solutions are presented. One is to make the wearable robot simple and lightweight with use of a new type of Granular Jamming Gripper (GJG) that can grasp diverse objects from an arbitrary direction. This eliminates the need for orienting the gripper against the object with three-axis wrist joints, reducing the number of degrees of freedom (DOF) from 6 to 3. The other is an effective control algorithm that allows the wearer to move freely while the robot on the shoulder is holding an object. Unlike a robot sitting on a floor, the SRL worn by a human is disturbed by the movement of the wearer. An admittance-based control algorithm allows the robot to hold the object stably and securely despite the human movement and changes in posture. A 3 DOF prototype robot with a new GJG and an ergonomic body mounting gear is developed and tested. It is demonstrated that the robot can hold a large object securely in the overhead area despite the movement of the wearer while performing an assembly work. Keywordswearable robotics; extra robotic limbs; admittance control; Granular Jamming Gripper
A Study and Mathematical Modelling of thermal conductivity of a Thermodynamic System

Theoretical available values of thermal conductivity are commonly different from the experimentally obtained values. In the present work, a thermodynamic system has been considered and variations in temperature in different elements were analyzed and corresponding thermal conductivities were calculated. These values were compared and the corrected values were justified on the basis of a mathematical model made by introducing semi-empirical corrections. The theoretical value of the thermal conductivity of an isolated system (KT) and the corresponding corrected value were found in agreement with each other.
Fully Integrated Biopotential Acquisition Analog Front-End IC

A biopotential acquisition analog front-end (AFE) integrated circuit (IC) is presented. The biopotential AFE includes a capacitively coupled chopper instrumentation amplifier (CCIA) to achieve low input referred noise (IRN) and to block unwanted DC potential signals. A DC servo loop (DSL) is designed to minimize the offset voltage in the chopper amplifier and low frequency respiration artifacts. An AC coupled ripple rejection loop (RRL) is employed to reduce ripple due to chopper stabilization. A capacitive impedance boosting loop (CIBL) is designed to enhance the input impedance and common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) without additional power consumption, even under an external electrode mismatch. The AFE IC consists of two-stage CCIA that include three compensation loops (DSL, RRL, and CIBL) at each CCIA stage. The biopotential AFE is fabricated using a 0.18 µm one polysilicon and six metal layers (1P6M) complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The core chip size of the AFE without input/output (I/O) pads is 10.5 mm2. A fourth-order band-pass filter (BPF) with a pass-band in the band-width from 1 Hz to 100 Hz was integrated to attenuate unwanted signal and noise. The overall gain and band-width are reconfigurable by using programmable capacitors. The IRN is measured to be 0.94 µVRMS in the pass band. The maximum amplifying gain of the pass-band was measured as 71.9 dB. The CIBL enhances the CMRR from 57.9 dB to 67 dB at 60 Hz under electrode mismatch conditions.
Interaction in Motion: Designing Truly Mobile Interaction

The use of technology while being mobile now takes place in many areas of people's lives in a wide range of scenarios, for example users cycle, climb, run and even swim while interacting with devices. Conflict between locomotion and system use can reduce interaction performance and also the ability to safely move. We discuss the risks of such "interaction in motion", which we argue make it desirable to design with locomotion in mind. To aid such design we present a taxonomy and framework based on two key dimensions: relation of interaction task to locomotion task, and the amount that a locomotion activity inhibits use of input and output interfaces. We accompany this with four strategies for interaction in motion. With this work, we ultimately aim to enhance our understanding of what being "mobile" actually means for interaction, and help practitioners design truly mobile interactions.
INTERNAL FRAGMENTATION OF THE NEWS

Unlike the edited news package, which dominates network and local news in America, the cable news channels recount the day's news predominantly through conversation, a format dubbed here dialogical news. At the center of this article is the concept of internal fragmentation, a consequence of the turn to conversation-based reporting, and its central implications: (1) the authority of the news reporter diminishes; (2) question-asking replaces fact-checking; (3) news organizations relinquish their accountability for news content; and (4) the news audience assumes the role of witness or participant rather than receiver. As dialogical news becomes prominent in the repertoire of viewers, short- and long-term prospects are suggested here. In the short-run, journalists are losing their battle to control their sources and maintain their gatekeeping function. In the long run, journalism might lose its significance as society's reflexive storyteller, reverting instead to its former role as a partisan instrument, a source of entertainment or a bit of both.
The Quaker Ethic and the Fixed Price Policy: Max Weber and Beyond*

Max Weber undertook his research on the Quakers and their fixed price policy as part of his attempt to understand the role of the Puritan sects in the rise of early modern capitalism. Although his comments on the group were sympathetic and penetrating, they suffered from inattention to the historical context. He failed to see, for instance, that the Quakers’economic policies in large part reflected their resentful frustration over the Puritans’failure to institute popular political, economic, and religious proposals. This paper corrects Weber's portrait of the Quakers and their unique fixed price policy by paying close attention to the social climate in which they formulated this economic innovation. In doing so the research establishes an important relationship between religious doctrines and social frustrations that Weber himself did not see, but that existed in Nietzsche's theory of “resentment,” and in Eduard Bernstein's analysis of the earliest Quakers.
The social conditions of instrumental action: Problems in the sociological understanding of rational choice theory

This article critically analyzes new sociological a pproaches to rational choice theory which — beyond examining political or economic practices — link the notion of instrumental rationality to social issues and themes. The articl e begins by highlighting the issue of trust, indicating the functionality of certain social arra ngements in collective problem-solving. The paper goes on to demonstrate that problems emerge with the theory when it attempts to explain the feasibility of social norms in imperson al, comprehensive contexts. Thus, the fundamental point that appears to be missing from r ational choice theory is the perception that individual decisions and instrumental conduct themselves incorporate dispositions that in a sense are beyond the actors' control.
Integrating Research and Development in the National Schools Network

Amidst a host of recent teacher professional development initiatives in Australia, the National Schools Network (NSN) can be seen as a major educational reform program. Funded by the commonwealth and state systems, the NSN is a national network providing support for over 200 Australian schools that are rethinking their work organisations and teaching and learning practices in order to improve learning outcomes for students and teachers. A key aspect of the NSN's work has been to link the professional development of teachers with a systematic research program which focuses on issues of organisational change and restructuring. This paper reports on the ongoing development of the NSN, place its work within the larger national and international educational reform agenda, and provides an overview of the Network's strategic rationale for its research and development programs.
Under Consideration for Publication in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming a Translational Approach to Constraint Answer Set Solving

We present a new approach to enhancing Answer Set Programming (ASP) with Constraint Processing techniques which allows for solving interesting Constraint Satisfaction Problems in ASP. We show how constraints on finite domains can be decomposed into logic programs such that unit-propagation achieves arc, bound or range consistency. Experiments with our encodings demonstrate their computational impact.
Adherence to Lithium Prophylaxis: I. Clinical Predictors and Patient's Reasons for Nonadherence

Of a group of 133 patients given long-term prophylactic lithium treatment, approximately 25 percent discontinued the treatment prematurely within the first six months. Young male patients dominated in the nonadherent group. Clinically the nonadherent patients were characterized by having had an early onset of the illness, a large number of previous hospital admissions and a recent allocation to the diagnostic category of affective disorder. Furthermore, the presence of personality disorders and substance abuses characterized the nonadherent patients. Diagnostic grouping according to polarity did not allow for any distinction between the adherent and nonadherent patients. One half of the nonadherent patients mentioned the development of somatic side effects as their main reason for discontinuing the treatment. Psychological discomfort, such as development of concentration difficulties or impaired memory, was not stated as a reasons for discontinuation. One fourth of the nonadherent patients had their diagnoses, and consequently their treatment, changed by the physician in charge and one fourth neglected instructions and disregarded appointments.
Behavioral changes in Huntington Disease.

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to gain a better understanding of behavioral abnormalities in Huntington disease (HD) and to develop a method for reliably assessing these changes. BACKGROUND Behavioral changes are a central feature of HD and often cause considerable distress and difficulty to patients and their relatives. However, they have received little attention from research despite their prevalence and clinical significance. METHODS One hundred thirty-four patients with HD were assessed using the Problem Behaviors Assessment for Huntington Disease (PBA-HD), an instrument for rating the presence, severity and frequency of behavioral abnormalities in HD. RESULTS The findings confirm that behavioral problems are common among patients with HD. The most common symptoms were loss of energy and initiative, poor perseverance and quality of work, impaired judgment, poor self-care and emotional blunting. Affective symptoms such as depression, anxiety and irritability occurred in around half the patients studied. Psychotic symptoms (hallucinations and delusions) were rarely reported. Factor analysis distinguished three clusters of behavioral symptoms, which were interpreted respectively as reflecting Apathy, Depression and Irritability. The 'Apathy' factor was highly correlated with duration of illness, whereas no such relationship was observed for the 'Depression' and 'Irritability' factors. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that certain behavioral changes are fundamental to the progression of HD, whereas others have a more complex relationship to the disease process. The findings have implications for the choice of behavioral measures used to evaluate efficacy of therapeutic interventions.
Parent-Child Relations and Parent's Satisfaction with Living Arrangements When Adult Children Live at Home.

Data from the 1988 National Survey of Families and Households were used to explore (I) the influences on parents satisfaction with having coresident adult children; (2) the nature of parent-child relations in coresident households; and (3) the impact of childrens adult role status on parent-child relations and satisfaction with coresidence. Structural equation models estimated with LISREL VI showed that parental satisfaction with the presence of adult children (age 19-34) in the home was highly related to parent-child conflict and to the level of positive social interaction between parent and child. Childrens financial dependency and unemployment were associated with increased parent-child conflict. The return home of divorced or separated children and the presence of grandchildren in the home decreased parents satisfaction with the coresident living arrangement. Overall however the majority of parents were highly satisfied with the coresident living arrangement and described mostly positive relationships with their adult children. (authors)
Induction Support of New Teachers: A Functional Approach

Odell completed a functional analysis of the needs of teachers by recording the forms of actual assistance given to first year and "new to system" teachers in a teacher induction program. Eighty-six first year and 79 new to system teachers were involved in the study. The two pri mary needs of both groups of teachers included (a) obtaining information about the school district and (b) obtain ing resources and materials pertinant to the curriculum to be taught. Of particu lar interest is Odell's fnding that experi enced teachers who are new to a school system do not have remarkably different needs from those of first year teachers.
A Serial Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy

Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP) is a form of child abuse that describes children whose parents or caregivers invent illness stories and substantiate the stories by fabricating false physical signs. Through this case report, a serial MSBP case is presented along with psychiatric evaluation of the perpetrator mother who was sent to the Forensic Psychiatric Observation Department of the Council of Forensic Medicine to assess whether she has any mental disorder. Although there are several studies on MSBP, we present this case because the perpetrator mother was caught on the camera surveillance system of the hospital while closing the nose and mouth of the victim for fabricating the illness, and she also said that she had done the same thing to her two elder children to exclude their illnesses. Her two children had died and could not be diagnosed. Moreover, we discuss the psychopathology of the perpetrators, which is a less known area of MSBP. This is a very serious form of child abuse, with a high risk of repetition, and failure to diagnose might result in the death of the child.