Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theories of Liberal Capitalist Democracy: Alternative Perspectives

This article examines relationships between capitalism and democracy as perceived by contending perspectives within the liberal capitalist‐liberal democratic tradition(s). Bentham and the Mills are taken as initiating both this tradition and the core elements of the debate within it. Pre‐Benthamite theories are first reviewed. Then, after discussion of Bentham and James Mill and of John Stuart Mill, Mill's late nineteenth and early twentieth century successors are examined. We then go on to consider hypotheses concerning the “exceptional” quality of relationships between capitalism and democracy in the United States. The penultimate section of the article adumbrates the main contours of mid‐twentieth century pluralist‐elitist theories. We conclude with a summary.
Shell PCA: Statistical Shape Modelling in Shell Space

In this paper we describe how to perform Principal Components Analysis in "shell space". Thin shells are a physical model for surfaces with non-zero thickness whose deformation dissipates elastic energy. Thin shells, or their discrete counterparts, can be considered to reside in a shell space in which the notion of distance is given by the elastic energy required to deform one shape into another. It is in this setting that we show how to perform statistical analysis of a set of shapes (meshes in dense correspondence), providing a hybrid between physical and statistical shape modelling. The resulting models are better able to capture non-linear deformations, for example resulting from articulated motion, even when training data is very sparse compared to the dimensionality of the observation space.
Revisiting the Foundations of Artificial Immune Systems for Data Mining

This paper advocates a problem-oriented approach for the design of artificial immune systems (AIS) for data mining. By problem-oriented approach we mean that, in real-world data mining applications the design of an AIS should take into account the characteristics of the data to be mined together with the application domain: the components of the AIS - such as its representation, affinity function, and immune process - should be tailored for the data and the application. This is in contrast with the majority of the literature, where a very generic AIS algorithm for data mining is developed and there is little or no concern in tailoring the components of the AIS for the data to be mined or the application domain. To support this problem-oriented approach, we provide an extensive critical review of the current literature on AIS for data mining, focusing on the data mining tasks of classification and anomaly detection. We discuss several important lessons to be taken from the natural immune system to design new AIS that are considerably more adaptive than current AIS. Finally, we conclude this paper with a summary of seven limitations of current AIS for data mining and ten suggested research directions.
One Owner, One Voice? Testing a Central Premise of Newspaper-Broadcast Cross-Ownership Policy

Empirical questions about the relationship between ownership structure and media content are central to the debate about media ownership policy in the United States. At the core of the debate is the concern that an individual or company owning multiple media outlets will slant news and opinion in an attempt to distort public opinion and or influence public policy. The premise is that a single owner represents a single voice, regardless of how many media outlets the owner operates. This article, which features a study of news and commentary about the 2004 presidential campaign from commonly owned newspapers, television stations and radio stations in three communities, tests the validity of the one owner, one voice premise in the context of newspaper-broadcast cross-ownership. The results of the study—one of the very few studies of newspaper-broadcast cross-ownership to incorporate radio content—suggest that there is no empirical basis for believing that cross-owned media do any less than other media to serve the public interest.
Up-Regulation of PD-L1, IDO, and Tregs in the Melanoma Tumor Microenvironment Is Driven by CD8+ T Cells

CD8+ T cells induce immunosuppressive mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment. The Great Escape One of the long-standing questions in cancer biology is how tumors evade the patrolling immune response. Many potential explanations have been proposed, including that the tumor itself suppresses the immune response. Indeed, some of the most promising new immunotherapies work by blocking inhibitory molecules, which enhances immune activity against the tumor. Now, Spranger et al. show that immunosuppressive mechanisms in the tumor may involve negative feedback loops dependent on an infiltrating immune response. The authors noticed that even tumors that are infiltrated with CD8+ T cells are not rejected and that this correlated with expression of three types of immunosuppressives: indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), PD-L1/B7-H1, and regulatory T cells. Mechanistic studies in mice suggested that CD8+ T cells were required to be in the tumor microenvironment for the up-regulation of these immunosuppressives. Extending these studies to the clinic, patients with inflammatory tumor infiltrates will thus be more likely to benefit from immune checkpoint therapies. Tumor escape from immune-mediated destruction has been associated with immunosuppressive mechanisms that inhibit T cell activation. Although evidence for an active immune response, including infiltration with CD8+ T cells, can be found in a subset of patients, those tumors are nonetheless not immunologically rejected. In the current report, we show that it is the subset of T cell–inflamed tumors that showed high expression of three defined immunosuppressive mechanisms: indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), PD-L1/B7-H1, and FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), suggesting that these inhibitory pathways might serve as negative feedback mechanisms that followed, rather than preceded, CD8+ T cell infiltration. Mechanistic studies in mice revealed that up-regulated expression of IDO and PD-L1, as well as recruitment of Tregs, in the tumor microenvironment depended on the presence of CD8+ T cells. The former was driven by interferon-γ and the latter by a production of CCR4-binding chemokines along with a component of induced proliferation. Our results argue that these major immunosuppressive pathways are intrinsically driven by the immune system rather than being orchestrated by cancer cells, and imply that cancer immunotherapy approaches targeting negative regulatory immune checkpoints might be preferentially beneficial for patients with a preexisting T cell–inflamed tumor microenvironment.
Approximately Stable Matchings with Budget Constraints

This paper examines two-sided matching with budget constraints where one side (a firm or hospital) can make monetary transfers (offer wages) to the other (a worker or doctor). In a standard model, while multiple doctors can be matched to a single hospital, a hospital has a maximum quota; thus, the number of doctors assigned to a hospital cannot exceed a certain limit. In our model, in contrast, a hospital has a fixed budget; that is, the total amount of wages allocated by each hospital to doctors is constrained. With budget constraints, stable matchings may fail to exist and checking for the existence is hard. To deal with the nonexistence of stable matchings, we extend the "matching with contracts" model of Hatfield and Milgrom so that it deals with approximately stable matchings where each of the hospitals' utilities after deviation can increase by a factor up to a certain amount. We then propose two novel mechanisms that efficiently return a stable matching that exactly satisfies the budget constraints. Specifically, by sacrificing strategy-proofness, our first mechanism achieves the best possible bound. We also explore a special case on which a simple mechanism is strategy-proof for doctors, while maintaining the best possible bound of the general case.
Purification and phosphorylation of the Arc regulatory components of Escherichia coli

In Escherichia coli, a two-component signal transduction system, consisting of the transmembrane sensor protein ArcB and its cognate cytoplasmic regulatory protein ArcA, controls the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in aerobic respiration. ArcB belongs to a subclass of sensors that have not only a conserved histidine-containing transmitter domain but also a conserved aspartate-containing receiver domain of the regulator family. 'ArcB (a genetically truncated ArcB missing the two transmembrane segments on the N-terminal end) and ArcA were purified from overproducing cells. Autophosphorylation of 'ArcB was revealed when the protein was incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP but not with [alpha-32P]ATP or [gamma-32P]GTP. When ArcA was incubated in the presence of 'ArcB and [gamma-32P]ATP, ArcA acquired radioactivity at the expense of the phosphorylated protein 'ArcB-32P. When a limited amount of 'ArcB was incubated with excess ArcA and [gamma-32P]ATP, ArcA-32P increased linearly with time. Under such conditions, for a given time period the amount of ArcA phosphorylated was proportional to the concentration of 'ArcB. Thus, 'ArcB acted as a kinase for ArcA. Chemical stabilities of the phosphorylated proteins suggested that 'ArcB-32P contained both a histidyl phosphate and an aspartyl phosphate(s) and that ArcA-32P contained only an aspartyl phosphate(s).
Speed up your database client with adaptable multithreaded prefetching

In many client/server object database applications, performance is limited by the delay in transferring pages from the server to the client. We present a prefetching technique that can avoid this delay, especially where there are several database servers. Part of the novelty of this approach lies in the way that multithreading on the client workstation is exploited, in particular for activities such as prefetching and flushing dirty pages to the server. Using our own complex object benchmark we analyze the performance of the prefetching technique with multiple clients, multiple servers and different buffer pool sizes.
Infliximab‐induced acne: report of two cases

differentiating keratinocytes. As the programme of cell death provides for the disruption of intercellular contacts, we wondered whether apoptotic cells weaken Dsg1 function also by reducing its synthesis. To test this working hypothesis, we carried out reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis on RNA from keratinocytes exposed to 800 nmol L STS at selected time points. Results showed that the programme of cell death triggered by STS targets Dsg1 not by acting at a transcriptional level (Fig. 3). Our data disagree with those reported by Dusek et al. and discussed above. Indeed, apoptotic cleavage of Dsg1 resulted in the formation of two proteolytic products of about 60 and 100 kDa. An explanation could be that Dsg1 is processed by effector caspases other than caspase-3, such as caspase-6 or caspase-7. Dusek et al. have shown the latter to be inefficient in cleaving Dsg1, but it is known that discrepancies exist between cleavage preferences in vitro and substrate cleavage sites actually found. Furthermore, under our experimental conditions we were not able to demonstrate the extracellular cleavage of Dsg1 by metalloproteinases and the subsequent shedding from the cell surface as a 75-kDa fragment. The present study is conceptually in line with a view of apoptosis as a complex and finely orchestrated process subjected to an exquisite regulation. Very similar stimuli can differentially activate both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Conversely, distinct stimuli can trigger the same apoptotic signalling. Our results, however, suggest that the mitochondria-dependent (i.e. intrinsic) cascade can lead to a differential processing of target proteins depending on the nature of the apoptotic stimulus. In this case, we have reported that cleavage of Dsg1 during STS-induced apoptosis differs from that described with other ‘intrinsic’ apoptotic inducers.
The λΠ-calculus Modulo as a Universal Proof Language

The λ Π-calculus forms one of the vertices in Barendregt’s λ -cube and has been used as the core language for a number of logical frameworks. Following earlier extensions of natural deduction [14], Cousineau and Dowek [11] generalize the deﬁnitional equality of this well studied calculus to an arbitrary congruence generated by rewrite rules, which allows for more faithful encodings of foreign logics. This paper motivates the resulting language, the λ Π-calculus modulo, as a universal proof language, capable of expressing proofs from many other systems without losing their computational properties. We further show how to very simply and eﬃciently check proofs from this language. We have implemented this scheme in a proof checker called Dedukti .
Factors Affecting the Response to Interferon Alpha Therapy in Egyptian HCV Patients

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is one of the main causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. Egypt has the highest prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in the world, estimated nationally at 14.7%. knowledge of the predictors of Sustained Viral Response (SVR) to Pegylated Interferon (PEG-INF) and Ribavirin (RBV) therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C is crucial for selecting patients who would benefit most from therapy especially in developing country as Egypt where the highest percentage of treatment cost funded by government. This study was performed on Egyptian patients with chronic active hepatitis C who were prepared for receiving a course of treatment with: Interferon (PEG IFN) and ribavirin for 48 weeks. We aimed to find more predictive markers those can help clinicians to choose the most effective treatment program for each patient. Assessment of HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1 genes by Sequence Specific Primer (SSP) PCR, interleukin-10 (IL-10) by ELISA technique and Serum HCV RNA load by TaqMan Real Time RT-PCR technology were done. We found that sustained responders were significantly among DRB1*13 allele and DQB1*02 typing (p<0.001). DRB1*07 allele only appeared with responded patients. Relations were found between response to treatment and lower IL-10 level and lower Body Mass Index (BMI) but not sufficient to reach to significant value. In conclusion, we emphasize the importance of the use of pharmacogenomic data in the treatment of patients. HLA-DRB1*07, HLA-DRB1*13 and HLA-DQ02 alleles can predict the response to HCV combined therapy. The data generated from our study may be helpful in future for clinicians to predict the treatment outcome for HCV-seropositive individuals in Egypt.
Management of constipation in Parkinson’s disease

Introduction: Constipation is a frequent non-motor feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). It is the most common gastrointestinal symptom of the disease and it can precede motor symptoms by as much as 20 years. Constipation can produce discomfort and affect activities of daily living, productivity and quality of life, thus warranting early diagnosis and treatment. Areas covered: In this review, the safety and efficacy of traditional and novel strategies for constipation management will be discussed. A treatment algorithm for constipation in PD will be presented. Expert opinion: Polyethylene glycol and lubiprostone are first-line compounds recommended by evidence-based medicine guidelines for the treatment of constipation due to slow colonic transit in PD. Management of constipation secondary to defecatory dysfunction due to pelvic floor dyssynergia can be done by levodopa or apomorphine injections, botulinum toxin type A injection into the puborectalis muscle, and nonpharmacological interventions, like biofeedback therapy or functional magnetic stimulation, which showed some benefit in PD patients with constipation, but in general more extensive studies are warranted.
Emotion and Reason in Making Decisions

Recent research in economic theory has provided a model of ambiguity aversion that predicts and explains why people have a more conservative behavior when they perceive their assessment of risk as imprecise. In his Perspective, [Rustichini][1] discusses the study of [ Hsu et al. ][2] that explores the boundary of neuroscience and economics. The study confirms the main idea of the model that the brain treats risky and ambiguous choices differently. [1]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/310/5754/1624 [2]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/310/5754/1680
An Adaptive Multiscale Method for Simulation of Fluid Flow in Heterogeneous Porous Media

Several multiscale methods for elliptic problems that provide high resolution velocity fields at low computational cost have been applied to porous media flow problems. However, to achieve enhanced accuracy in the flow simulation, the numerical scheme for modeling the transport must account for the fine scale structures in the velocity field. To solve the transport equation on the fine scale with conventional finite volume methods will often be prohibitively computationally expensive for routine simulations. In this paper we propose a more efficient adaptive multiscale method for solving the transport equation. In this method the global flow is computed on a coarse grid scale, while at the same time honoring the fine scale information in the velocity field. The method is tested on both two‐ and three‐dimensional test cases with complex heterogeneous structures. The numerical results demonstrate that the adaptive multiscale method gives nearly the same flow characteristics as simulations where the transpor.
HARRA: fast iterative hashed record linkage for large-scale data collections

We study the performance issue of the "iterative" record linkage (RL) problem, where match and merge operations may occur together in iterations until convergence emerges. We first propose the Iterative Locality-Sensitive Hashing (ILSH) that dynamically merges LSH-based has tables for quick and accurate blocking. Then, by exploiting inherent characteristics within/across data sets, we develop a suite of I-LSH-based RL algorithms, named as HARRA (<u>HA</u>shed <u>R</u>eco<u>R</u>d link<u>A</u>ge). The superiority of HARRA in speed over competing RL solutions is thoroughly validated using various real data sets. While maintaining equivalent or comparable accuracy levels, for instance, HARRA runs: (1) 4.5 and 10.5 times faster than StringMap and R-Swoosh in iteratively linking 4,000 x 4,000 short records (i.e., one of the small test cases), and (2) 5.6 and 3.4 times faster than basic LSH and Multi-Probe LSH algorithms in iteratively linking 400,000 x 400,000 long records (i.e., the largest test case).
DEATH ANXIETY IN CLINICAL AND NON-CLINICAL GROUPS

ABSTRACT The Arabic Scale of Death Anxiety (ASDA) was administered, individually, to 7 groups (N = 765) of Egyptian normal participants (non-clinical), anxiety disorder patients, and patients suffering from schizophrenia (males and females), and addicts (males only). They were generally matched as groups according to age, occupation, and education. The female and male anxiety disorder patients means were, respectively, significantly higher than the means of the other 5 groups on the ASDA, while male schizophrenics attained the lowest mean score in proportion to all the other 6 groups, including the non-clinical 2 groups. All female groups have higher mean scores than their male counterparts.
Controlling for Family Variables in Abuse Effects Research

The present article offers a critique of the semipartial correlation approach to abuse effects research. This procedure attempts to “control” statistically for the potentially confounding effects of family environment in the relationship between child abuse and later psychological symptomatology. Unfortunately, the use of such statistics in abuse research may be problematic, especially when control, predictor, and criterion variables are significantly intercorrelated (multicolinear) and the intent is to determine the relative importance of abuse to later psychological functioning. Other problems discussed include the effects of (a) small sample sizes, (b) unreliability of the control variable, (c) ambiguity regarding the causal relationship between control and predictor variables, and (d) theoretical problems inherent in considering abuse “minus” family dysfunction. It is suggested that semipartial correlation analysis can be a highly conservative test of the “abuse effects” hypothesis.
Metaschool: Introducing Learning Repositories in Agricultural Education

Agricultural education can help farmers to increase production, preserve natural resources, and provide nutritious food, thus contributing to a better quality of life. The advent of ICT revolution has provided many ways for supporting successfully the agricultural e-education. To this end, this paper focuses on supporting agricultural education through the use of digital learning repositories and learning objects. Digital learning repositories are used for storing, reusing and sharing learning objects. The deployment of various agricultural learning repositories has stimulated tutors in using them in their educational activities Therefore, training tutors in using these technologies is an imperative need. This paper gives an overview of the METASCHOOL project, a new European initiative for supporting the in-service training of tutors on learning objects and learning repositories. In particular, it presents the training of agricultural tutors in using, sharing and tagging Organic Agriculture and Agroecology resources and enhancing their skills and experience on resource and teaching activity exchange among European tutor communities
Indigenous psychologies: Research and experience in cultural context.

Introduction - Uichol Kim and John W Berry Indigenisation of Psychology in India and Its Relevance - Durganand Sinha Mexican Ethnopsychology - R Diaz-Guerrero Ecological-Social Model of Greek Psychology - James Georgas Between West and East - Pawel Boski Humanistic Values and Concerns in Polish Psychology Psychological Thought within the System of Russian Culture - B F Lomov et al Traditional and Modern Psychologies in Competing Cultural Systems - Fathali Moghaddam Lessons from Iran 1978-1981 Diversification of American Indians - Joseph Trimble and Beatrice Medicine Forming an Indigenous Perspective Developing a Filipino Psychology - Virgilio Enriquez Latin American Psychology and World Psychology - Ruben Ardila Is Integration Possible? Indigenous Psychologies and Social Representations of the Body and Self - Denise Jodelet Indigenous Analysis of Collective Representations - Sang-Chin Choi, Uichol Kim and Soo-Hyang Choi A Korean Perspective Indigenous Psychology in Africa - M O A Durojaiye The Search for Meaning Buddhist Psychology - Padmal de Silva A Therapeutic Perspective Relational Orientation in Asian Social Psychology - David Y F Ho Psychology in and of Canada - John W Berry One Small Step Toward a Universal Psychology The Way Ahead - John W Berry and Uichol Kim From Indigenous Psychologies to a Universal Psychology
On the determination of partial dislocation Burgers vectors in fcc lattices and its application to cubic SiC ® lms

Cubic SiC layers grown on Si(110) contain a high density of widely spread and intersecting stacking faults. Weak-beam transmission electron microscopy has been used to determine the possible Burgers vectors of both widely spread Shockley partial dislocations and sessile partial dislocations in such ®lms. Partial Shockley dislocations that restrict non-intersecting stacking faults were characterized, and a stacking-fault energy of 0.1 mJm 2 was determined. Edge sessile dislocations with 16 h110i and 1 3 h001i Burgers vectors were identi®ed at the stacking-fault intersections. }