Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reflections on impact issues.

In a world of scientific competition – among authors seeking to publish in the best scientific journals, but also among journals seeking to attract the highest quality paper submissions from the most influential authors – impact is the sacred cowwhich for many appears to represent success. But how scientists should measure impact is a matter of continuous debate. In the evaluation of journals, citation analyses have a long history (Garfield, 1972), and the journal impact factor (IF) is probably the single most important parameter of impact considered by authors when deciding where to submit their best work. Judged by this parameter, the British Journal of Psychology has made a rather successful development in the past 15 years, with an IF that increased steadily from 1.05 in 2000 to a considerable 3.39 in 2013. Today, the journal ranks 16th out of 127 in the ‘Psychology, Multidisciplinary’ category (according to ISI Journal Citation Reports). Needless to say that we are pleased about this positive development. Butwe should not forget that any single index of a complex concept such as ‘impact’ is subject to criticism. Some concernswith IF include that citations of articles are influenced by factors over and above their scientific quality, and that IF can handicap slow-paced disciplines such as psychology (Della Sala & Cubelli, 2013). Current trends towards normalization of impact with respect to the scientific discipline under scrutiny (Moed, 2010) may address these issues, and the introduction of a ‘5-year IF’ in addition to the traditional ‘2-year’ IF in 2007 certainly has been welcomed by many scientists in psychology. Less well known (although perhaps evenmore relevant) may be the findings that citation success of an individual article is only surprisingly modestly correlated with the IF of the journal inwhich itwas published (Seglen, 1994) and that the IF, even of highly renowned journals, can be determined to a large extent by only a small percentage of very highly cited papers (Lehmann, Jackson, & Lautrup, 2006). Particularly for journals – such as BJP – with a relatively small number of published papers per year, this means that annual fluctuations of IF can be substantial and may depend on just two or three exceptional published papers. TheBritish Journal of Psychology has a rich tradition in our field and needs to address today’s challenges in the world of scientific publication in order to do well among its competitors, while covering the many different facets of psychology. Of course, we should seek sustainable impact on our discipline that is expressed in many ways beyond IF. One key to this is the aspiration to be a truly international psychological journal (despite the name). Our current editorial board consists of leading scientists from all over the world, and current submissions suggest that this has further increased the international reach of the journal. Numbers of submissions in both 2013 and 2014 have also been consistently high (between 240 and 250 per year) –More than in any previous year. The almost inevitable downside of this is that paper rejection rates continue to be
Dynamics and Control of a Simulated 3-D Humanoid Biped

In this paper, we present an algorithm for controlling the walking of a humanoid biped. The algorithm is hierarchical with local Joint Space Control (JSC) and global Virtual Model Control (VMC). VMC plays an important role in the stance phase of the legs and provides postural stability during locomotion. JSC is used at all times, but is essential during the swing phase and for placement of the foot to obtain or change the speed of the robot. A simulation of walking of a three dimensional humanoid biped is achieved through the superposition of these two control schemes.
Executive Compensation in the Life Insurance Industry

Alternative theories imply differential compensation levels between executives of mutual and stock insurance companies. Evidence from the life insurance industry indicates (1) the compensation of mutual executives is lower than that of stock executives, (2) the compensation of mutual-subsidiary executives is lower than that of stock-subsidiary executives, and (3) the compensation of mutual executives is less responsive to firm performance than that of stock executives. This evidence is consistent with the existence of differences in corporate investment opportunity sets and resulting differences in required managerial discretion between mutual and stock life insurance companies. Copyright 1992 by University of Chicago Press.
Spatial frequency domain imaging of burn wounds in a preclinical model of graded burn severity

Abstract. Frequent monitoring of early-stage burns is necessary for deciding optimal treatment and management. Both superficial and full thickness burns are relatively easy to diagnose based on clinical observation. In between these two extremes are superficial-partial thickness and deep-partial thickness burns. These burns, while visually similar, differ dramatically in terms of clinical treatment and are known to progress in severity over time. The objective of this study was to determine the potential of spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) for noninvasively mapping quantitative changes in chromophore and optical properties that may be an indicative of burn wound severity. A controlled protocol of graded burn severity was developed and applied to 17 rats. SFDI data was acquired at multiple near-infrared wavelengths over a course of 3 h. Burn severity was verified using hematoxylin and eosin histology. From this study, we found that changes in water concentration (edema), deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration, and optical scattering (tissue denaturation) to be statistically significant at differentiating superficial partial-thickness burns from deep-partial thickness burns.
Emergence of Asiatic Vibrio Diseases in South America in Phase With El Niño

Background: The seventh pandemic of Vibrio cholerae unexpectedly reached the coast of Peru in 1991, causing an explosive emergence of infections throughout the American continents. The origin and routes of dissemination are as yet unknown. A new Vibrio epidemic arose in 1997 in South America (northern Chile) when the pandemic clone of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was for the fist time detected outside of Asia. These 2 cases were concurrent with 2 episodes of El Niño. Methods: We carried out a survey of records of V. parahaemolyticus infection and of strains existing in the Instituto Nacional de Salud of Peru between 1994 and 2005. Association between the El Niño event and the V. parahaemolyticus disease was analyzed through generalized additive models applied to time-series data with negative binomial response, selecting some oceanographic factors distinctive of the movement of the El Niño waters. Results: Epidemiologic data and laboratory investigations of the strains showed that V. parahaemolyticus infections caused by the pandemic clone emerged in the coasts of Peru linked to the 1997 El Niño episode. The epidemic dissemination of this clone matched the expansion and dynamics of the poleward propagation and the receding of the El Niño waters. This pattern was similar to previously reported onset of cholera epidemic in 1991. Conclusions: These findings identify the El Niño episodes as a reliable vehicle for the introduction and propagation of Vibrio pathogens in South America. The movement of oceanic waters seems to be one of the driving forces of the spread of Vibrio diseases.
Understanding the co‐occurrence of anxiety disorders and chronic pain: state‐of‐the‐art

The purpose of this article is to describe the current state‐of‐the‐art regarding the co‐occurrence of the anxiety disorders and chronic pain. First, we describe the core characteristics of chronic pain and its co‐occurrence with the anxiety disorders. Second, we review data on the prevalence of co‐occurrence. Third, we describe the mutual maintenance and shared vulnerability models, both of which have been offered to explain the co‐occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic pain and may have applicability to various other anxiety disorders. Fourth, we provide an integrative review of available research addressing the postulates of these models specific to the mechanisms of anxiety sensitivity, selective attention to threat, and reduced threshold for alarm. We conclude with general recommendations for improving assessment and treatment of patients who present with an anxiety disorder accompanied by clinically significant pain. Given that most of the available evidence has come from studies of PTSD and chronic pain, we provide a detailed agenda for future investigation of the co‐occurrence of chronic pain and other anxiety disorders. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Future of Toxicity Testing

In 2007, the U.S. National Research Council (NRC) released a report, “Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy,” that proposes a paradigm shift for toxicity testing of environmental agents. The vision is based on the notion that exposure to environmental agents leads to adverse health outcomes through the perturbation of toxicity pathways that are operative in humans. Implementation of the NRC vision will involve a fundamental change in the assessment of toxicity of environmental agents, moving away from adverse health outcomes observed in experimental animals to the identification of critical perturbations of toxicity pathways. Pathway perturbations will be identified using in vitro assays and quantified for dose response using methods in computational toxicology and other recent scientific advances in basic biology. Implementation of the NRC vision will require a major research effort, not unlike that required to successfully map the human genome, extending over 10 to 20 years, involving the broad scientific community to map important toxicity pathways operative in humans. This article provides an overview of the scientific tools and technologies that will form the core of the NRC vision for toxicity testing. Of particular importance will be the development of rapidly performed in vitro screening assays using human cells and cell lines or human tissue surrogates to efficiently identify environmental agents producing critical pathway perturbations. In addition to the overview of the NRC vision, this study documents the reaction by a number of stakeholder groups since 2007, including the scientific, risk assessment, regulatory, and animal welfare communities.
Broad omnidirectional total reflectors by using the combination of Thus-Morse photonic crystal

A broad omnidirectional total reflection band in the Thus-Morse dielectric multilayers is reported. The characteristics of the omnidirectional photonic band gaps (PBGs) are analyzed using the transfer matrix method, and the broad omnidirectional total reflector is obtained by combining three Thus-Morse substructures to form the heterostructure. The one dimensional Thus-Morse sequences should be properly chosen such that their omnidirectional band gaps of the adjacent photonic crystal heterostructures overlap each other. The result provides a new approach to achieve the omnidirectional PBGs, and will find applications in omnidirectional reflector mirrors.
Evolutionary regime shifts in age and size at maturation of exploited fish stocks

Worldwide declines of fish stocks raise concerns about deleterious consequences of harvesting for stock abundances and individual life histories, and call for appropriate recovery strategies. Fishes in exploited stocks mature earlier at either larger or smaller sizes due to both genetic and plastic responses. The latter occur commonly when reduced competition for food leads to faster growth. Using a size-structured consumer–resource model, which accounts for both genetic and plastic responses, we show that fisheries-induced evolutionary changes in individual life history and stock properties can easily become irreversible. As a result of annual spawning, early maturation at small sizes and late maturation at large sizes can become alternative, evolutionarily and ecologically stable states under otherwise identical environmental conditions. Exploitation of late-maturing populations can then induce an evolutionary regime shift to smaller maturation sizes associated with stepwise, 1-year decreases in age at first reproduction. Complete and early fishing moratoria slowly reverse this process, but belated or partial closure of fisheries may accelerate or even instigate further evolution to smaller sizes at maturation. We suggest that stepwise decreases in maturation age can be used as early warnings of upcoming evolutionary changes, and should inspire timely restrictions of fisheries.
Yersiniabactin Production Requires the Thioesterase Domain of HMWP2 and YbtD, a Putative Phosphopantetheinylate Transferase

ABSTRACT One requirement for the pathogenesis of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of bubonic plague, is the yersiniabactin (Ybt) siderophore-dependent iron transport system that is encoded within a high-pathogenicity island (HPI) within the pgm locus of the Y. pestis chromosome. Nine gene products within the HPI have demonstrated functions in the nonribosomal peptide synthesis (NRPS)/polyketide (PK) synthesis or transport of Ybt. NRPS/PK synthetase or synthase enzymes are generally activated by phosphopantetheinylation. However, no products with similarities to known phosphopantetheinyl (P-pant) transferases were found within the pgm locus. We have identified a gene, ybtD, encoded outside the HPI and pgm locus, that is necessary for function of the Ybt system and has similarities to other P-pant transferases such as EntD of Escherichia coli. A deletion within ybtD yielded a strain (KIM6-2085+) defective in siderophore production. This strain was unable to grow on iron-deficient media at 37°C but could be cross-fed by culture supernatants from Ybt-producing strains of Y. pestis. The promoter region of ybtD was fused to lacZ; β-galactosidase expression from this reporter was not regulated by the iron status of the bacterial cells or by YbtA, a positive regulator of other genes of the ybt system. The ybtD mutant failed to express indicator Ybt proteins (high-molecular-weight protein 1 [HMWP1], HMWP2, and Psn), a pattern similar to those seen with several other ybt biosynthetic mutants. In contrast, cells containing a single amino acid substitution (S2908A) in the terminal thioesterase domain of HMWP2 failed to exhibit any ybt regulatory defects but did not elaborate extracellular Ybt under iron-deficient conditions.
Computing presence in nonfigurative virtual environment under color and motion stimulus

Though it is hard to define ‘presence’, it is often said to be a feeling of being in the place when watching artworks. Visual imagery is the visual perception registered from the eyes. The authors define “presence” as a physiological and emotional feeling which feels that he or she is immerged in a specific virtual environment (VE) when he/she is very interested in the images of virtual reality (VR). The presence of image varies according to the production conditions and genre. While presence is a subjective experience, it is based on a perceptive reaction to the stimulation from the image. Accordingly, this study attempts to take measurement on how image affects presence. The authors measure the presence use a combined approach of subjective survey (questionnaire survey) and brain signals (EEG). Subjective survey includes PQS (presence questionnaire survey) and IDQS (individual differences questionnaire survey). For this paper, the authors experimented with 30 random populations, performed Cronbach's α test to verify the validity of the survey results, and cross-checked the survey with EEG test for the populations. From our experimentation, we conclude that opponent color (e.g. yellow and blue of the R. Plutchik's three-dimensional circumflex model of emotions) makes strong excitation on presence. In this paper, the authors believe that there are strong presence even in the nonfigurative images, and it can be stronger than photo-realistic images if we well-design color, forms, and interactivity on the VR.
1 BH 3 inhibitor sensitivity and Bcl-2 dependence in primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells

Sarah E. Alford, Anisha Kothari, Floris C. Loeff, Joshua M. Eichhorn, Nandini Sakurikar, Henriette M. Goselink, Robert L. Saylors, Inge Jedema, J.H. Frederik Falkenburg, and Timothy C. Chambers* 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; 2 Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences at Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
Uncovering Divergence: Management Attitudes towards HRM Practices and Works Council Presence in German SMEs

This article examines the impact of management attitudes towards human resource management (HRM) practices on the presence of works councils in German small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Based on a survey among executives of German SMEs, the key result of a logit regression analysis is that managers' attitudes towards key HRM practices have a strong impact on the prevalence of the works council in German SMEs. In particular, positive management attitudes towards individual employee participation and direct supervision seem to be detrimental for the institutionalization of works councils. The results suggest that there is more diversity and management choice regarding the institutions of industrial relations than generally expected in the case of German firms.
How Favoritism Affects the Business Climate: Empirical Evidence from Jordan

This article discusses how favoritism affects the business climate. It is based on research conducted in Jordan. Jordan’s business climate is mediocre in international and regional comparison, which is not sufficient in light of the country’s small domestic market. Business people consider the complexity of administrative procedures a main problem for investors – along with a lack of fairness and predictability in administrative decisions. Favoritism, which is referred to as “using wasta”, contributes substantially to both problems. Investors with good wasta (connections) can speed up procedures and get exclusive access to services and information. They can even influence legislation to their advantage. Perhaps even more problematic, entrepreneurs tend to invest their time and money in social relations rather than productive capital, because their success depends on their wasta rather than the quality of their products. Many Jordanians are aware of these problems. Nevertheless they keep using wasta for at least four reasons. First, they do not see any alternative for achieving their goals. Second, people go on using their wasta as long as everybody else does the same. Third, many Jordanians associate the use of wasta with cherished values, such as solidarity or loyalty, i.e. they believe that the use of wasta is part of their culture. Fourth, Jordan’s administrative and political system lacks transparency and accountability on all levels.
Eliminating the incentive to “let it ride”

Purpose - Many energy firms currently compensate their risk managers with bonuses based on their ability to outperform a budget benchmark. This creates the incentive for a manager to “let it ride” (LIR) when prices move adversely to the benchmark, thus exposing the firm to further adverse movements. The purpose of this paper is to present an alternative compensation model based on the adherence to a risk control system utilizing value at risk (VaR). The model is designed to reward the risk manager for staying within the prescribed risk limits, which effectively rewards the manager for taking actions that decrease the deviation from the budget benchmark.
Age/Earnings Profiles in Transition Economies: The Estonian Case

This article examines Estonian age/earnings profiles using 1995 and 1997 Estonian Labour Force Survey data. The results indicate that the overall profile for males is quite different from that of an established market economy. However, the shape of the profile depends on whether one works in the private or public sector. Using regression analysis to decompose wages indicates that conventional human capital theory does not adequately explain the considerable difference between profiles in the Estonian public and private sectors. However, human capital theory provides a better explanation of relative wages in 1997 than in 1994—perhaps indicating a continued adjustment to market processes.
Canine Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

CE Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is an acute, infectious tick-borne disease in dogs. The causative agent of RMSF is Rickettsia rickettsii, a gram-negative bacterium transmitted by ixodid ticks. The most common clinical signs are often nonspecific and include lethargy, anorexia, and fever. Because the primary targets of R. rickettsii are endothelial cells of blood vessels, any organ can be affected, possibly resulting in multiorgan dysfunction. Prompt treatment early in the course of infection may reduce morbidity and mortality associated with RMSF. This article discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of RMSF in dogs. tonella. Rickettsiae survive in nature by replication in cells of small mammals and arthropods. Rickettsial diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with an estimated 900 humans afflicted annually in the United States. Although RMSF is classified as a reportable disease in humans, the true incidence is believed to be underestimated. The primary route of R. rickettsii transmission is tick bites. Transmission requires 5 to 20 hours of tick attachment, making prompt tick removal a priority in preventing RMSF. The main tick vector for RMSF in the eastern United States is Dermacentor variabilis, whereas Dermacentor andersonii is the main vector in the western United States and Canada. Humans and dogs can also become infected through ingestion of an infected tick or direct contamination of a wound by tick feces or secretions from the tick coxial gland. There are no reports of direct transmission between humans and dogs. However, there have been cases of RMSF in humans and dogs living in the same household or geographic area that have been caused by concurrent exposure to infected ticks. COMPENDIUM 530 July 2005 Canine Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Rochelle M. Low, DVM Jennifer L. Holm, DVM, DACVECC Angell Animal Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts Send comments/questions via email editor@CompendiumVet.com or fax 800-556-3288. Visit CompendiumVet.com for full-text articles, CE testing, and CE
When does comparative advertising influence brand attitude? The role of delay and market position

This article presents the results of an experiment that examines the role of delay and sponsor's market position in influencing the effectiveness of comparative ads compared to noncomparative ads. The results show that comparative ads sponsored by an unknown brand are more effective in changing consumers' brand attitudes than noncomparative ads, when brand response occurs at a delay. Implications of these results for the Elaboration Likelihood Model are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.