Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inter-vehicle communication: Quo vadis

In September 2013, leading experts in intervehicle communication from all over the world met at the renowned Dagstuhl Castle for a seminar discussing the question "Inter-Vehicular Communication - Quo Vadis? " The objective was to identify the current state of the art and, more important, the open challenges in R&D from both a scientific and an industrial point of view. After more than a decade of research on vehicular networks, the experts very seriously asked whether additional research in this field is necessary and, if so, which will be the most intriguing and innovative research directions. It turned out that the overall perspective has changed in the last few years, mainly as a result of the ongoing field operational tests in the United States and Europe. In this article, we report the key outcomes and results from the discussions, pointing to new research directions and new challenges that need to be met for a second generation of vehicular networking applications and protocols. In particular, we present the reports and findings from the four working groups on scientific foundations of vehicular networking, field operational tests, IVC applications, and heterogeneous vehicular networks.
Fuzzy Set Modeling of Insurgent Networks

Amodeling framework is presented to analyze the effects of culture on the dynamics of small to medium sized social networks. The hybrid framework utilizes fuzzy set theoretic concepts in a Monte Carlo simulation. A network is defined where the nodes are members of the network and the weight of the edges represent the subjective strength of the relationships between agents. These weights are determined by applying a fuzzy set metric to Axelrod’s canonical model of culture. The network’s influence on agents is determined by the relative strengths and graph theoretic distance between agents. Using simulation, interesting results were obtained for both simple abstract networks and larger social networks modeled on Al Qaeda. In conclusion, this framework provides a mechanism to model social network dynamics where both cultural traits and network topology are of principal interest.
Hummingbirds rely on both paracellular and carrier-mediated intestinal glucose absorption to fuel high metabolism

Twenty years ago, the highest active glucose transport rate and lowest passive glucose permeability in vertebrates were reported in Rufous and Anna's hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus, Calypte anna). These first measurements of intestinal nutrient absorption in nectarivores provided an unprecedented physiological foundation for understanding their foraging ecology. They showed that physiological processes are determinants of feeding behaviour. The conclusion that active, mediated transport accounts for essentially all glucose absorption in hummingbirds influenced two decades of subsequent research on the digestive physiology and nutritional ecology of nectarivores. Here, we report new findings demonstrating that the passive permeability of hummingbird intestines to glucose is much higher than previously reported, suggesting that not all sugar uptake is mediated. Even while possessing the highest active glucose transport rates measured in vertebrates, hummingbirds must rely partially on passive non-mediated intestinal nutrient absorption to meet their high mass-specific metabolic demands.
Measurement of residual stress by load and depth sensing indentation with spherical indenters

A new experimental technique is presented for making measurements of biaxial residual stress using load and depth sensing indentation (nanoindentation). The technique is based on spherical indentation, which, in certain deformation regimes, can be much more sensitive to residual stress than indentation with sharp pyramidal indenters like the Berkovich. Two different methods of analysis were developed: one requiring an independent measure of the material’s yield strength and the other a reference specimen in the unstressed state or other known reference condition. Experiments conducted on aluminum alloys to which controlled biaxial bending stresses were applied showed that the methods are capable of measuring the residual stress to within 10–20% of the specimen yield stress. Because the methods do not require imaging of the hardness impressions, they are potentially useful for making localized measurements of residual stress, as in thin films or small volumes, or for characterization of point-to-point spatial variations of the surface stress.
Complex Cell Physiology on Topographically and Chemically Designed Material Surfaces

A crucial factor for ingrowth of permanent implants in the bone is the rapid cellular acceptance. The topographical features often follow mechanical aspects for implant stability. But several of these implants fail due to insufficient cell adhesion. Cells are able to perceive the physico-chemical properties of their surrounding and to pass these signals into the cell to modulate their adhesion structures, growth or production of extracellular matrix. However, the complex cell physiology at the material interface is not yet fully understood, particular on stochastically structured topographies resulting from industrial production. We could find out that corundum blasted titanium hampered the organization of actin filaments inside the cells, clustered adhesion components, e. g. beta-1 integrins and tensin, and the cells bridged the valleys which reduces cell-substrate contacts. These morphological changes strongly diminished the mineralization of osteoblasts. To shed light on cause and effect we reduced the physical complexity of the material surface by introduction of regular micro-structures (pillars, grooves) using deep reactive ion etching. Now it was more obvious what cells are doing on sharp edged topographies ‒ the actin filaments of our cells were clustered around the pillars. As a result the intracellular calcium signaling and the protein synthesis were impaired. Our recent findings indicated an attempted phagocytosis of the micro-pillars by osteoblasts. Therefore we conclude that implants used in orthopedic surgery should avoid any sharp-edged topographical features that could induce phagocytosis by the surrounding cells, which is an unnecessarily energy consuming process.
Hummingbird pollination and the diversification of angiosperms: an old and successful association in Gesneriaceae

The effects of specific functional groups of pollinators in the diversification of angiosperms are still to be elucidated. We investigated whether the pollination shifts or the specific association with hummingbirds affected the diversification of a highly diverse angiosperm lineage in the Neotropics. We reconstructed a phylogeny of 583 species from the Gesneriaceae family and detected diversification shifts through time, inferred the timing and amount of transitions among pollinator functional groups, and tested the association between hummingbird pollination and speciation and extinction rates. We identified a high frequency of pollinator transitions, including reversals to insect pollination. Diversification rates of the group increased through time since 25 Ma, coinciding with the evolution of hummingbird-adapted flowers and the arrival of hummingbirds in South America. We showed that plants pollinated by hummingbirds have a twofold higher speciation rate compared with plants pollinated by insects, and that transitions among functional groups of pollinators had little impact on the diversification process. We demonstrated that floral specialization on hummingbirds for pollination has triggered rapid diversification in the Gesneriaceae family since the Early Miocene, and that it represents one of the oldest identified plant–hummingbird associations. Biotic drivers of plant diversification in the Neotropics could be more related to this specific type of pollinator (hummingbirds) than to shifts among different functional groups of pollinators.
SCALE‐DEPENDENT EFFECTS OF LANDSCAPE CONTEXT ON THREE POLLINATOR GUILDS

Most ecological processes and interactions depend on scales much larger than a single habitat, and therefore it is important to link spatial patterns and ecological processes at a landscape scale. Here, we analyzed the effects of landscape context on the distribution of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) at multiple spatial scales with respect to the following hypotheses: (1) Local abundance and diversity of bees increase with increasing proportion of the surrounding seminatural habitats. (2) Solitary wild bees, bumble bees, and honey bees respond to landscape context at different spatial scales. We selected 15 landscape sectors and determined the percentage of seminatural habitats and the diversity of habitat types at eight spatial scales (radius 250-3000 m) by field inspections and analyses of vegetation maps using two Geographic Information Systems. The percentage of semi- natural habitats varied between 1.4% and 28%. In the center of each landscape sector a patch of potted flowering plants (four perennial and two annual species) was placed in the same habitat type, a grassy field margin adjacent to cereal fields. In all, 865 wild bee individuals and 467 honey bees were observed and an additional 475 individuals were caught for species identification. Species richness and abundance of solitary wild bees showed a close positive correlation with the percentage of seminatural habitats at small scales up to 750 m, whereas bumble bees and honey bees did not respond to landscape context at these scales. In contrast, honey bees were correlated with landscape context at large scales. The densities of flower-visiting honey bees even increased with decreasing proportion of seminatural habitats at a radius of 3000 m. We are not aware of any empirical studies showing contrasting foraging patterns related to landscape context at different spatial scales. We conclude (1) that local landscape destruction affects solitary wild bees more than social bees, possibly changing mutualistic plant-pollinator and competitive wild bees- honey bees interactions and (2) that only analyses of multiple spatial scales may detect the importance of the landscape context for local pollinator communities.
Assessment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder with African Americans

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe and chronic anxiety condition that may occur after experiencing or witness traumatic events. Among the general population, 60.7 % of men and 51.2 % of women are estimated to experience a traumatic event in their lifetime (Kessler et al. 1995), and a significant proportion of these develop PTSD. PTSD is characterized by reexperiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms that occur over time and lead to significant disruption in one’s life (American Psychiatric Association 2000). Although first acknowledged among combat veterans and rape victims, symptoms of PTSD are now recognized among those who survive auto accidents, sexual assaults, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, and even in first responders and medical professionals who care for those who have experienced a trauma (Friedman et al. 2011; Williams et al. 2010). Epidemiology of PTSD in African Americans
Effect of lavender aromatherapy on the pain of arteriovenous fistula puncture in patients on hemodialysis

Background & Aim: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is one of the inevitable elements in the take care of patients on hemodialysis. Pain of AVF puncture is a real problem for patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of inhalation of lavender aromatherapy on pain intensity of arteriove-nous fistula puncture in patients on heamodialysis. Methods & Materials: In this before and after quasi-experimental clinical trial study, 40 patients on heamodialysis were selected using convenience sampling method. Pain intensity measured after needle insertion in AVF in two stages including without any intervention and after using lavender aromatherapy in the three consecutive heamodialysis sessions of each stage. Visual analogue scale was used to evaluate and determine pain. Repeated ANOVA test was used compare the pain before and after interventions. Results: The pain scores in two stages of without any intervention and inhalation of lavender aroma-therapy in the three consecutive heamodialysis sessions of each stage were 5.36 ± 2.08, 5.69 ± 2.29, 5.58 ± 2.15 and 4.00 ± 2.48, 3.05 ± 1.94, and 2.97 ± 2.27, respectively. There was significant differ-ences between the pain scores in first time before and first time after (P = 0.003) and first time before and second and third time after (P ˂ 0.001) and second and third time before and first, second and third time after inhalation of lavender aromatherapy (P ˂ 0.001). Conclusion: The results of study showed inhalation of lavender aromatherapy is effective to decrease pain of AVF puncture in patients on hemodialysis. Therefore, lavender aromatherapy could be a suit-able alternative complementary medicine for the pain of AVF puncture.
Finite Element Analysis of and Multiscale Skeletal Tissue Mechanics Concerning a Single Dental Implant Site

Sego, Timothy James. M.S.M.E. , Purdue University, May 2016. Finite Element Analysis of and Multiscale Skeletal Tissue Mechanics Concerning a Single Dental Implant Site. Major Professors: Andrés Tovar and Tien-Min Gabriel Chu. Finite element analysis (FEA) in implantology is performed in design applications concerning the complex topology of an implant, according to theoretical assumptions about and clinical data concerning the biomechanical nature of skeletal tissue. Implants are placed in topologically and physiologically complex sites, and major disagreement exists in literature about various aspects concerning their modeling and analysis. Current research seeks to improve the implementation of an implant by the use of short implants, which negate the necessity of additional surgical procedures in regions of limited bone height. However, short implants with large crown heights introduce biomechanical complications associated with increased stress and strain distributions in skeletal tissue, which may cause bone loss and implant failure. The short implant is characterized by the geometric ratio of the crown height to the implant length, called the crown-to-implant (C/I) ratio. In this work nonlinear FEA was performed to investigate the effects and significance of the C/I ratio on long-term implant stability. A finite element model was developed according to literature, and emulation of previous research and comparison of reported results were performed. Comparison of results demonstrated significant sources of error in previous research, which are argued to be caused by mesh-dependency from common model idealizations in literature. A convergence test was then performed, which verified the mesh-dependency of results and challenged the reliability of some common model assumptions and methods of analysis in literature. A 16-point design of experiments was then performed to evaluate the significance and influence of the C/I ratio, considering a proposed novel method for evaluating
Cooperation within and among species

Cooperation models are often idiosyncratic, and a recent objective has been to connect these models into a framework in which different forms of cooperation can be compared (Queller, 1985; Connor, 1995; Dugatkin, 1997; Frank, 2003; Sachs et al., 2004). Lehmann & Keller (2006) (hereafter ‘LK Brown, 1983; Connor, 1995; Sachs et al., 2004) and reciprocity (Trivers, 1971; Axelrod & Hamilton, 1981; Bull & Rice, 1991; Sachs et al., 2004) that parallel mutualism theory. By-products and reciprocity can explain both intra-specific cooperation and mutualism, and I suggest how predictions differ in these two arenas. (iii) LK Simms & Taylor, 2002; Sachs et al., 2004). I compare these approaches and review empirical studies that show how information about potential partners can allow conspecifics to select cooperative individuals. The problem of cooperation
Robust pole placement for active vibration control of seismic-excited buildings

In this paper, the robust controller design problem for active vibration control of seismicexcited building structures by means of pole placement method is studied. In particular, the building structures are assumed to have parameter uncertainties, and the design of controller will assure the pole locations of the closed-loop system are inside an indicated subregion on the left-hand side of complex plane in spite of the parameter uncertainties. For the building models, the parameter uncertainties dealt with belong to the polytope type uncertainties and are assumed to be the variations of the structural masses, stiffnesses, and damping coefficients. The quadratic stability test using the fixed quadratic Lyapunov function is studied and the sufficient conditions for the existence of a robust stabilising state feedback controller are presented as linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The performance of the presented approach is demonstrated by numerical simulations on the vibration control of building structure subject to seismic excitation. It is confirmed that the designed controller can effectively attenuate the structural vibration when the parameter uncertainties exist.
Progressive cortical change during adolescence in childhood-onset schizophrenia. A longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study.

BACKGROUND Adolescence provides a window to examine regional and disease-specific late abnormal brain development in schizophrenia. Because previous data showed progressive brain ventricular enlargement for a group of adolescents with childhood-onset schizophrenia at 2-year follow-up, with no significant changes for healthy controls, we hypothesized that there would be a progressive decrease in volume in other brain tissue in these patients during adolescence. METHODS To examine cortical change, we used anatomical brain magnetic resonance imaging scans for 15 patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia (defined as onset of psychosis by age 12 years) and 34 temporally yoked, healthy adolescents at a mean (SD) age of 13.17 (2.73) years at initial baseline scan and 17.46 (2.96) years at follow-up scan. Cortical gray and white matter volumes were obtained with an automated analysis system that classifies brain tissue into gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid and separates the cortex into anatomically defined lobar regions. RESULTS A significant decrease in cortical gray matter volume was seen for healthy controls in the frontal (2.6%) and parietal (4.1%) regions. For the childhood-onset schizophrenia group, there was a decrease in volume in these regions (10.9% and 8.5%, respectively) as well as a 7% decrease in volume in the temporal gray matter. Thus, the childhood-onset schizophrenia group showed a distinctive disease-specific pattern (multivariate analysis of variance for change X region X diagnosis: F, 3.68; P = .004), with the frontal and temporal regions showing the greatest between-group differences. Changes in white matter volume did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients with very early-onset schizophrenia had both a 4-fold greater decrease in cortical gray matter volume during adolescence and a disease-specific pattern of change. Etiologic models for these patients' illness, which seem clinically and neurobiologically continuous with later-onset schizophrenia, must take into account both early and late disruptions of brain development.
Production of bFGF monoclonal antibody and its inhibition of metastasis in Lewis lung carcinoma

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) are associated with drug resistance in lung cancer. In the present study, mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against human bFGF, targeting the binding site of bFGF with FGFR1 were produced, and the antitumor activity and inhibition of metastasis was studied in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). A total of four hybridoma cell strains that stably secreted bFGF mAb were obtained. mAbE12 was selected as the most effective for use in the following studies, with a relative affinity constant of 5.66×108 l/mol. mAbE12 was demonstrated to inhibit cell proliferation and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, mAbE12 blocked migration and metastasis of LLC cells in vitro and in vivo. This occurred due to a mAbE12-induced upregulation of E-cadherin expression through the protein kinase B-glycogen synthase kinase 3 β-Snail pathway. These results suggested that mAbE12 may be a potential antibody for the treatment of lung cancer.
Test–retest reliability of an emotion maintenance task

Research on working memory has suggested domain-specific components for visual, verbal, and spatial information, and more recently for emotion. Affective working memory has been proposed as the set of processes involved in the maintenance of emotions to guide behaviour. The current study examined the reliability of an emotion maintenance/affective working memory task over two experimental sessions separated by one week. Subjective accuracy based on individual ratings was found to correlate over time and was highest for negatively valenced pictures. Results suggest that this paradigm is a reliable measure of emotion maintenance, underscoring the utility of this measure as an assessment tool for normative and clinical populations.
Optimizing outcomes with polymethylmethacrylate fillers

The ideal filler should be long‐lasting, biocompatible, chemically inert, soft and easy to use, and have a long history of safety. This review focuses on the evolution and development of the PMMA‐collagen gel, Bellafill, and the 10 years of postmarketing experience of Bellafill since it received premarket approval (PMA) from the FDA as Artefill in 2006. Artefill was rebranded to Bellafill in 2015.
Autosomal and X-linked single nucleotide polymorphisms reveal a steep Asian–Melanesian ancestry cline in eastern Indonesia and a sex bias in admixture rates

The geographical region between mainland Asia and New Guinea is characterized by numerous small islands with isolated human populations. Phenotypically, groups in the west are similar to their neighbours in mainland Southeast Asia, eastern groups near New Guinea are similar to Melanesians, and intervening populations are intermediate in appearance. A long-standing question is whether this pattern primarily reflects mixing between groups with distinct origins or whether natural selection has shaped this range of variation by acting differentially on populations across the region. To address this question, we genotyped a set of 37 single nucleotide polymorphisms that are evolutionarily independent, putatively neutral and highly informative for Asian–Melanesian ancestry in 1430 individuals from 60 populations spanning mainland Asia to Melanesia. Admixture analysis reveals a sharp transition from Asian to Melanesian genetic variants over a narrow geographical region in eastern Indonesia. Interestingly, this admixture cline roughly corresponds to the human phenotypic boundary noted by Alfred Russell Wallace in 1869. We conclude that this phenotypic gradient probably reflects mixing of two long-separated ancestral source populations—one descended from the initial Melanesian-like inhabitants of the region, and the other related to Asian groups that immigrated during the Paleolithic and/or with the spread of agriculture. A higher frequency of Asian X-linked markers relative to autosomal markers throughout the transition zone suggests that the admixture process was sex-biased, either favouring a westward expansion of patrilocal Melanesian groups or an eastward expansion of matrilocal Asian immigrants. The matrilocal marriage practices that dominated early Austronesian societies may be one factor contributing to this observed sex bias in admixture rates.