Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Speed-dependent modulations of asymmetric center of body mass trajectory in the gait of above-knee amputee subjects

How to achieve stable locomotion while overcoming various instabilities is an ongoing research topic. One essential factor for achieving a stable gait is controlling the center of body mass (CoM). The CoM yields more instability in the mediolateral direction. Examining speed-dependent modulations of the CoM trajectories in the frontal plane can provide insight into control policies for achieving stable locomotion. Although these modulations have been studied while assuming symmetric CoM trajectories, this assumption is generally incorrect. For example, amputee subjects demonstrate asymmetric CoM trajectories. Here, we investigated speed-dependent modulations of asymmetric CoM trajectories in above-knee amputee subjects using Fourier series expansion. Despite the asymmetric CoM trajectories in amputee subjects, the framework of Fourier series expansion clarified that amputee subjects showed the same speed-dependent modulations as non-amputee subjects whose CoM trajectories were symmetric. Specifically, CoM trajectories became narrower in the mediolateral direction and broader in the superoinferior direction as walking speed increased. The speed-dependent modulations of CoM trajectories had a functional role in improving dynamic stability, and faster walking speeds provided greater dynamic stability on both prosthetic and non-prosthetic sides. Although the asymmetry of foot contact duration and CoM trajectory decreased as walking speed increased, step width and the asymmetry of dynamic stability between prosthetic and non-prosthetic sides remained constant across the walking speed, which corresponded to the predictions by our framework. These findings could offer a better strategy for achieving stable walking for amputee subjects.
PLCG2 and IFNAR1: The Potential Biomarkers Mediated by Immune Infiltration and Osteoclast Differentiation of Ankylosing Spondylitis in the Peripheral Blood

Objectives Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease characterized by chronic spinal inflammation, arthritis, gut inflammation, and enthesitis. We aimed to identify the key biomarkers related to immune infiltration and osteoclast differentiation in the pathological process of AS by bioinformatic methods. Methods GSE25101 from the Gene Expression Omnibus was used to obtain AS-associated microarray datasets. We performed bioinformatics analysis using R software to validate different expression levels. The purpose of the GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of DEGs was to exclude key genes. Using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), we examined all expression profile data and identified differentially expressed genes. The objective was to investigate the interaction between genetic and clinical features and to identify the essential relationships underlying coexpression modules. The CIBERSORT method was used to make a comparison of the immune infiltration in whole blood between the AS group and the control group. The WGCNA R program from Bioconductor was used to identify hub genes. RNA extraction reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were conducted in the peripheral blood collected from six AS patients and six health volunteers matched by age and sex. Results 125 DEGs were identified, consisting of 36 upregulated and 89 downregulated genes that are involved in the cell cycle and replication processes. In the WGCNA, modules of MCODE with different algorithms were used to find 33 key genes that were related to each other in a strong way. Immune infiltration analysis found that naive CD4+ T cells and monocytes may be involved in the process of AS. PLCG2 and IFNAR1 genes were obtained by screening genes meeting the conditions of immune cell infiltration and osteoclast differentiation in AS patients among IGF2R, GRN, SH2D1A, LILRB3, IFNAR1, PLCG2, and TNFRSF1B. The results demonstrated that the levels of PLCG2 mRNA expression in AS were considerably higher than those in healthy individuals (P=0.003). IFNAR1 mRNA expression levels were considerably lower in AS than in healthy individuals (P < 0.0001). Conclusions Dysregulation of PLCG2 and IFNAR1 are key factors in disease occurrence and development of AS through regulating immune infiltration and osteoclast differentiation. Explaining the differences in immune infiltration and osteoclast differentiation between AS and normal samples will contribute to understanding the development of spondyloarthritis.
Detection of Region Duplication Forgery in Digital Images Using SURF

An Image would yield better impact in convincing someone of something rather than pure description by words. Digital images are widely used in various fields like medical imaging, journalism, scientific manipulations and digital forensics. However, images are not reliable as it may be. Digital images can be easily tampered with image editing tools. One of the major problems in image forensics is determining if a particular image is authentic or not. Digital image forensic is an emerging field of image processing area. Copy-move forgery is one type of image forgery in digital image forensic where various methods have been proposed in the field to detect the forgery. In this paper a technique is presented to detect Copy-Move Forgery based on SURF and KD-Tree for multidimensional data matching. We demonstrate our method with high resolution images affected by copy-move forgery.
Knowledge Graph for Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Literature-Based Data Analysis Study.

Background The incidence of breast cancer has remained high and continues to rise since the 21st century. Consequently, there has been a significant increase in research efforts focused on breast cancer prevention and treatment. Despite the extensive body of literature available on this subject, systematic integration is lacking. To address this issue, knowledge graphs have emerged as a valuable tool. By harnessing their powerful knowledge integration capabilities, knowledge graphs offer a comprehensive and structured approach to understanding breast cancer prevention and treatment. Objective We aim to integrate literature data on breast cancer treatment and prevention, build a knowledge graph, and provide support for clinical decision-making. Methods We used Medical Subject Headings terms to search for clinical trial literature on breast cancer prevention and treatment published on PubMed between 2018 and 2022. We downloaded triplet data from the Semantic MEDLINE Database (SemMedDB) and matched them with the retrieved literature to obtain triplet data for the target articles. We visualized the triplet information using NetworkX for knowledge discovery. Results Within the scope of literature research in the past 5 years, malignant neoplasms appeared most frequently (587/1387, 42.3%). Pharmacotherapy (267/1387, 19.3%) was the primary treatment method, with trastuzumab (209/1805, 11.6%) being the most commonly used therapeutic drug. Through the analysis of the knowledge graph, we have discovered a complex network of relationships between treatment methods, therapeutic drugs, and preventive measures for different types of breast cancer. Conclusions This study constructed a knowledge graph for breast cancer prevention and treatment, which enabled the integration and knowledge discovery of relevant literature in the past 5 years. Researchers can gain insights into treatment methods, drugs, preventive knowledge regarding adverse reactions to treatment, and the associations between different knowledge domains from the graph.
Boundedness and convergence analysis of stochastic differential equations with Hurst Brownian motion

In this paper, we discuss about the boundedness and convergence analysis of the fractional Brownian motion (FBM) with Hurst parameter H. By the simple analysis and using the mean value theorem for stochastic integrals we conclude that in case of decreasing diffusion function, the solution of FBM is bounded for any H ∈ (0,1). Also, we derive the convergence rate which shows efficiency and accuracy of the computed solutions.
Evaluation of a Portable Aerosol Collector and Spectrometer to measure particle concentration by composition and size

Abstract We evaluated a newly developed Portable Aerosol Collector and Spectrometer (PACS) in the laboratory. We developed an algorithm to estimate mass concentration by size and composition with a PACS. In laboratory experiments, we compared particle size distributions measured with the PACS to research instruments for multi-modal aerosols: two-mode generated by spark discharge, consisting of ultrafine (fresh Mn fume) and fine particles (aged Cu fume); and three-mode produced by adding coarse particles (Arizona road dust) to the two-mode. Near-real-time size distributions from the PACS compared favorably to those from a scanning mobility particle sizer and an aerodynamic particle sizer for the three-mode aerosol (number, bias = 9.4% and R2 = 0.96; surface area, bias = 17.8%, R2 = 0.77; mass, bias = −2.2%, R2 = 0.94), but less so for the two-mode aerosol (number, bias = −17.7% and R2 = 0.51; surface area, bias = −45.5%, R2 = 0; for mass, bias = −81.75%, R2 = 0.08). Elemental mass concentrations by size were similar to those measured with a nano micro-orifice uniform deposition impactor for coarse-mode particles, whereas agreement was considerably poorer for ultrafine- and fine-mode particles. The PACS has merit in estimating multi-metric concentrations by size and composition but requires further research to resolve discrepancies identified for two-mode aerosol. Copyright © 2019 American Association for Aerosol Research
WARMING AND CHRONIC HIGH NUTRIENT MANIPULATIONS YIELD DIFFERING LEGACY EFECTS ON THE SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITY AND NUTRIENT POOLS IN THE LOW ARCTIC

ii Co-Authorship. iv Acknowledgements . v List of Figures . ix List of Tables . x List of Abbreviations . xii Chapter 1 General Introduction. 1 Chapter 2 Soil carbon storage in the low Arctic: is it really at risk of being released to the atmosphere? 8 2.
Environmental factors affecting the residence time distribution dynamics of constructed agricultural wetlands

Shallow flow-through surface water wetlands are becoming increasingly common in farmed landscapes to mitigate agricultural runoff, with particular emphasis on nutrient abatement. Agricultural wetlands such as those enrolled in the Iowa Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program are positioned in farmed landscapes and receive unregulated hydrological and nutrient loads from upland sources. Further, these systems are continually subjected to transient atmospheric conditions, and feature large seasonal variations in submersed aquatic vegetation growth. As such, these systems can reasonably be considered as shallow run-of-the-river type impoundments, and likely possess highly dynamic mixing characteristics, the drivers of which are not well understood. To obtain information about the variability of the hydraulic characteristics of these types of shallow flow-through basins, we conducted 30 hydraulic tracer studies on 5 wetlands currently enrolled in the Iowa Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program. Tracer studies were conducted over a large range of flow, meteorological, and submersed vegetation growth conditions. Mixing characteristics were assessed by evaluating the temporal features of developed residence time distribution curves. Linear and non-linear
Interactive Quality Analytics of User-generated Content

Digital libraries and services enable users to access large amounts of data on demand. Yet, quality assessment of information encountered on the Internet remains an elusive open issue. For example, Wikipedia, one of the most visited platforms on the Web, hosts thousands of user-generated articles and undergoes 12 million edits/contributions per month. User-generated content is undoubtedly one of the keys to its success but also a hindrance to good quality. Although Wikipedia has established guidelines for the “perfect article,” authors find it difficult to assert whether their contributions comply with them and reviewers cannot cope with the ever-growing amount of articles pending review. Great efforts have been invested in algorithmic methods for automatic classification of Wikipedia articles (as featured or non-featured) and for quality flaw detection. Instead, our contribution is an interactive tool that combines automatic classification methods and human interaction in a toolkit, whereby experts can experiment with new quality metrics and share them with authors that need to identify weaknesses to improve a particular article. A design study shows that experts are able to effectively create complex quality metrics in a visual analytics environment. In turn, a user study evidences that regular users can identify flaws, as well as high-quality content based on the inspection of automatic quality scores.
Seismic Evidence for a Transcrustal Magmatic Pathway Contributing to Critical Metal Deposits

The Nanling metallogenic belt in South China hosts ∼50 percent of the world's tungsten (W), ∼20 percent tin (Sn), and other critical metals. However, the factors controlling ore distribution and types are still debated, due partly to the lack of high‐resolution crustal models. We apply an array‐based receiver function imaging method to resolve the fine‐scale crustal structure using a newly deployed dense nodal array across the belt. We find weak Moho converting phases in the northern belt, indicating a gradual crust‐mantle transition distinct from the sharp transitions observed elsewhere. The weak Moho spatially correlates with a major fault zone, A‐type granite distribution, and Sn ore deposits. Combining with geochemical and petrological evidence, we propose that the gradual crust‐mantle transition is attributed to, and likely facilitated, the mixing of mantle materials with the crust, thus contributing to Sn and other Mesozoic ore formations in the northern Nanling belt.
Human Merging Behavior in a Coupled Driving Simulator: How Do We Resolve Conflicts?

Traffic interactions between merging and highway vehicles are a major topic of research, yielding many empirical studies and models of driver behaviour. Most of these studies on merging use naturalistic data. Although this provides insight into human gap acceptance and traffic flow effects, it obscures the operational inputs of interacting drivers. Besides that, researchers have no control over the vehicle kinematics (i.e., positions and velocities) at the start of the interactions. Therefore the relationship between initial kinematics and the outcome of the interaction is difficult to investigate. To address these gaps, we conducted an experiment in a coupled driving simulator with a simplified, top-down view, merging scenario with two vehicles. We found that kinematics can explain the outcome (i.e., which driver merges first) and the duration of the merging conflict. Furthermore, our results show that drivers use key decision moments combined with constant acceleration inputs (intermittent piecewise-constant control) during merging. This indicates that they do not continuously optimise their expected utility. Therefore, these results advocate the development of interaction models based on intermittent piecewise-constant control. We hope our work can contribute to this development and to the fundamental knowledge of interactive driver behaviour.
Subduction/collision Complexities in the Taiwan-Ryukyu Junction Area: Tectonics of the Northwestern Corner of the Philippine Sea Plate

The northwestern corner of the Philippine Sea plate (PSP) is actively interacting with the southwestern Ryukyu arc-trench system, as evidenced by intense seismicity. To better understand the complex tectonics of this area, we have used available P-wave seismic arrival times to study the ve­ locity structures of the Taiwan-Ryukyu junction area. The result shows a prominent low-velocity structure at about 30-40 km deep beneath the Tai­ wan-Ryukyu region. A portion of the low-velocity structure beneath the southern Ryukyu arc west of 123.5°E might be interpreted as either a sub­ ducted portion of the Luzon arc or a subducted thick oceanic crust belong­ ing to the Huatung basin. A "A -shaped" high-velocity structure is observed at about 10-20 km deep in the Taiwan-Ryukyu arc junction area. Below the high-velocity structure are the plate interfaces dipping to the north and to the west. The A -shaped high-velocity structure upthrusts or exhumes rela­ tive to the low-velocity structure that leads the northwestward motion of the PSP. The locality of the A-shaped high-velocity structure coincides with the high density of earthquakes in this region. The PSP subducts north­ ward beneath the Ryukyu arc and underthrusts westward beneath eastern Taiwan north of 23.6°N. To accommodate the space problem in the corner of the subducting PSP, a tear fault is probably occurring at the northwest­ ern tip of the PSP. This tear fault probably develops and propagates south­ eastward along an existing crustal discontinuity, sub parallel to the conver­ gent direction of the PSP relative to the Eurasian plate. Near 23.6°N, a second tear fault within the PSP is proposed to separate the subducting and non-subducted portions of the Luzon arc. North of this fault, northeastern Taiwan rotates clockwise, which may be linked to the extensional regime of the southwestern Okinawa trough. (
COL2-dependent photoperiodic floral induction in Nicotiana sylvestris seems to be lost in the N. sylvestris × N. tomentosiformis hybrid N. tabacum

Introduction Plants are sessile organisms that maximize reproductive success by adapting to their environment. One of the key steps in the reproductive phase of angiosperms is flower development, requiring the perception of multiple endogenous and exogenous signals integrated via a complex regulatory network. Key floral regulators, including the main transcription factor of the photoperiodic pathway (CONSTANS, CO) and the central floral pathway integrator (FLOWERING LOCUS T, FT), are known in many species. Methods and results We identified several CO-like (COL) proteins in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The NtCOL2a/b proteins in the day-neutral plant N. tabacum were most closely related to Arabidopsis CO. We characterized the diurnal expression profiles of corresponding genes in leaves under short-day (SD) and long-day (LD) conditions and confirmed their expression in phloem companion cells. Furthermore, we analyzed the orthologs of NtCOL2a/b in the maternal LD ancestor (N. sylvestris) and paternal, facultative SD ancestor (N. tomentosiformis) of N. tabacum and found that they were expressed in the same diurnal manner. NtCOL2a/b overexpression or knock-out using the CRISPR/Cas9 system did not support a substantial role for the CO homologs in the control of floral transition in N. tabacum. However, NsCOL2 overexpression induced flowering in N. sylvestris under typically non-inductive SD conditions, correlating with the upregulation of the endogenous NsFTd gene. Discussion Our results suggest that NsFTd is transcriptionally regulated by NsCOL2 and that this COL2-dependent photoperiodic floral induction seems to be lost in N. tabacum, providing insight into the diverse genetics of photoperiod-dependent flowering in different Nicotiana species.
A METHOD OF GENERATING PANORAMIC STREET STRIP IMAGE MAP WITH MOBILE MAPPING SYSTEM

This paper explores a method of generating panoramic street strip image map which is called as “Pano-Street” here and contains both sides, ground surface and overhead part of a street with a sequence of 360° panoramic images captured with Point Grey’s Ladybug3 mounted on the top of Mitsubishi MMS-X 220 at 2m intervals along the streets in urban environment. On-board GPS/IMU, speedometer and post sequence image analysis technology such as bundle adjustment provided much more accuracy level position and attitude data for these panoramic images, and laser data. The principle for generating panoramic street strip image map is similar to that of the traditional aero ortho-images. A special 3D DEM(3D-Mesh called here) was firstly generated with laser data, the depth map generated from dense image matching with the sequence of 360° panoramic images, or the existing GIS spatial data along the MMS trajectory, then all 360° panoramic images were projected and stitched on the 3D-Mesh with the position and attitude data. This makes it possible to make large scale panoramic street strip image maps for most types of cities, and provides another kind of street view way to view the 360° scene along the street by avoiding the switch of image bubbles like Google Street View and Bing Maps Streetside.
Waste implications from minor impurities in European DEMO materials

Waste-production predictions for the future demonstration fusion power plant (DEMO) are necessary to produce an accurate picture of the likely environmental and economic costs of radioactive waste disposal at end-of-life. An integrated simulation process combining Monte-Carlo neutron transport simulations, inventory calculations, and extensive and reproducible post-processing algorithms has been used for the evolving European DEMO designs to quantify the time-varying mass inventories in different waste classes for individual regions and components of the reactor vessel, as well as for the reactor as a whole. Waste categories based on UK and French regulations reveal that minor impurities contained in structural steels, particularly Eurofer, as well as in functional materials such as tungsten, and beryllium, can have a significant impact on their waste classification prospects. Predictions for current European DEMO concepts suggest that there may be an issue in disposing of fusion structural-steel waste as low-level waste (LLW) in near-surface repositories. Detailed analysis of the subtleties of these predictions, particularly with regard to the production of long-lived radionuclides such as 14C and 94Nb, reveal that the threshold for acceptance as LLW is only just exceeded in some situations. Several mitigation approaches are discussed in this context. The computational framework developed for these assessments can be rapidly and continuously applied to the maturing DEMO design, helping to guide design choices to mitigate long-lived waste production and ensure that most waste becomes LLW or better within a few decades.