Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Privacy Preserving BIRCH Algorithm under Differential Privacy

Current hierarchical clustering algorithms face the risk of privacy leakage during the clustering process for big dataset. While differential privacy is a relatively recent development in the field of privacy-preserving data mining, offering more robust privacy guarantees. In the paper, BIRCH algorithm under differential privacy is studied and analyzed. Firstly, Diff-BIRCH algorithm which directly add Laplace noise to the dataset before clustering is proposed. Though Diff-BIRCH algorithm achieves privacy protection, clustering result turns to be less available. Since cluster information such as cluster diameter or cluster distance may disclose during clustering process in BIRCH, three improved BIRCH algorithms under differential privacy are then designed aiming at avoiding leakage of the cluster information. Finally, experiment results validate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed algorithms under the premise of meeting privacy budget.
Effects of dietary phytoestrogens in postmenopausal women.

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that increased dietary intake of phytoestrogens reduces the health impact of the menopause. To test this hypothesis, a double-blind, randomized, entry-exit, cross-over study was conducted to assess the effects of three dietary manipulations--soy and linseed diets (high in phytoestrogens) and a wheat diet (low in phytoestrogens). Postmenopausal women were recruited and randomly assigned to one of the three dietary regimens. Urinary phytoestrogen concentrations, hot flush rate, vaginal smears, bone mineral density and bone mineral content were assessed for two 12-week periods. Comparative analysis showed no significant differences, but, when analyzed separately, groups consuming high phytoestrogen diets had between 10 and 30 times higher urinary excretion of phytoestrogens compared to those consuming the low phytoestrogen diet (p < 0.01). Study participants consuming soy, linseed and wheat diets had a 22% (not significant, n.s.), 41% (p < 0.009) and 51% (p < 0.001) reduction in hot flush rate; a 103% (p < 0.04), 5.5% (n.s.) and 11% (n.s.) increase in vaginal cytology maturation index; and a 5.2% (p < 0.04), 5.2% (n.s.) and 3.8% (n.s.) increase in bone mineral content, respectively. No changes were detected in bone mineral density. The differential effects of high phytoestrogen dietary manipulations on outcomes may represent tissue-specific responses to isoflavones and lignans contained in soy and linseed, respectively. Whilst health outcome measures were not significantly different between groups, the data obtained from separate analysis suggest that phytoestrogens in soy and linseed may be of use in ameliorating some of the symptoms of menopause. Furthermore, the significant decrease in hot flush rate in the wheat group cannot be attributable to phytoestrogens measured in this study. Due to subject variability, larger studies are still needed to evaluate population benefit.
Communication in interdisciplinary teams: exploring closed-loop communication during in situ trauma team training

Objectives Investigate the use of call-out (CO) and closed-loop communication (CLC) during a simulated emergency situation, and its relation to profession, age, gender, ethnicity, years in profession, educational experience, work experience and leadership style. Design Exploratory study. Setting In situ simulator-based interdisciplinary team training using trauma cases at an emergency department. Participants The result was based on 16 trauma teams with a total of 96 participants. Each team consisted of two physicians, two registered nurses and two enrolled nurses, identical to a standard trauma team. Results The results in this study showed that the use of CO and CLC in trauma teams was limited, with an average of 20 CO and 2.8 CLC/team. Previous participation in trauma team training did not increase the frequency of use of CLC while ≥2 structured trauma courses correlated with increased use of CLC (risk ratio (RR) 3.17, CI 1.22 to 8.24). All professions in the trauma team were observed to initiate and terminate CLC (except for the enrolled nurse from the operation theatre). The frequency of team members’ use of CLC increased significantly with an egalitarian leadership style (RR 1.14, CI 1.04 to 1.26). Conclusions This study showed that despite focus on the importance of communication in terms of CO and CLC, the difficulty in achieving safe and reliable verbal communication within the interdisciplinary team remained. This finding indicates the need for validated training models combined with further implementation studies.
Designing an information system for integrated topic analysis of social media big data

Open communities of users in social media are a source of data that quickly presents the thematic agenda of issues relevant to the population. The indicators of user activity are views, likes, comments and reposts, and they are of a dynamic nature. The article presents a new vision at the topic modeling problems, the results of which are examined for dynamic properties. These data are relevant to solve problems of information support for regional and municipal de-velopment. The authors reveal their experience in designing an information system for integrated topic analysis of large open social media data. The system is based on three technologies: building dynamic topic models for monitoring so-cial media, intelligent analysis of topic modeling results; and cognitive visualization of dynamic topic modeling results. To take into account design uncertainty, object modeling tools, system design and a modular approach were used.
Ocean Surface Layer Response to Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves in the Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean

Moored measurements between June 2011 and April 2012 at 0 ∘ , 90 ∘ E in the Indian Ocean are analyzed to assess the surface layer response to the passage of 15 convectively coupled Kelvin waves. During the suppressed phase of the Kelvin waves, intense downward net surface heat ﬂux, weak winds, and a strong diurnal cycle were evident. The net surface heat ﬂux was 3 times larger than turbulent cooling at the base of the surface layer, accounting for an increase of surface layer temperature by + 0.2 ∘ C on average. In contrast, strong winds, heavy rainfall, diminished diurnal variations, and air-sea heat loss marked the active phase, during which surface layer cooling from above by air-sea ﬂuxes and from below by subsurface turbulent mixing led to a decrease in surface layer temperature by − 0.3 ∘ C. Strong salinity stratiﬁcation formed a thick barrier layer during the active phase, inhibiting the downward diﬀusion of heat below the surface layer.
Analysis the Completeness of Integrated Patient Development Records in Diabetes Mellitus Patients

The Integrated Patient Development Record documents interprofessional collaboration in patient care for health services, especially for patients with chronic problems, including diabetes mellitus. This study aims to determine the completeness of integrated patient progress records in diabetes mellitus patients. This type of research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a sample of 45 people and interviews with five respondents. Based on the research results, 11 forms (24.5%) had data filled in, and 34 forms (75.5%) had incomplete data. The problem factor in filling out integrated patient progress notes lies in verifying the responsible doctor and the results of the service provider's professional instructions. This is due to the large number of patients and limited time. The author provides suggestions for filling out integrated patient progress notes to support accreditation document service standards: a) increase the professional accuracy of service providers in filling out incomplete integrated patient progress notes. b) there needs to be socialization regarding standard operational procedures for integrated patient recording to minimize incomplete forms.
Maternal Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and the Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Background Evidence is accumulating for a role of vitamin D in maintaining normal glucose homeostasis. However, studies that prospectively examined circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-[OH] D) in relation to diabetes risk are limited. Our objective is to determine the association between maternal plasma 25-[OH] D concentrations in early pregnancy and the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods A nested case-control study was conducted among a prospective cohort of 953 pregnant women. Among them, 57 incident GDM cases were ascertained and 114 women who were not diagnosed with GDM were selected as controls. Controls were frequency matched to cases for the estimated season of conception of the index pregnancy. Results Among women who developed GDM, maternal plasma 25-[OH] D concentrations at an average of 16 weeks of gestation were significantly lower than controls (24.2 vs. 30.1 ng/ml, P<0.001). This difference remained significant (3.62 ng/ml lower on average in GDM cases than controls (P value = 0.018)) after the adjustment for maternal age, race, family history of diabetes, and pre-pregnancy BMI. Approximately 33% of GDM cases, compared with 14% of controls (P<0.001), had maternal plasma 25-[OH] D concentrations consistent with a pre-specified diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml). After adjustment for the aforementioned covariates including BMI, vitamin D deficiency was associated with a 2.66-fold (OR (95% CI): 2.66 (1.01–7.02)) increased GDM risk. Moreover, each 5 ng/ml decrease in 25-[OH] D concentrations was related to a 1.29-fold increase in GDM risk (OR (95% CI): 1.29 (1.05–1.60)). Additional adjustment for season and physical activity did not change findings substantially. Conclusions Findings from the present study suggest that maternal vitamin D deficiency in early pregnancy is significantly associated with an elevated risk for GDM.
Oversketching and associated audio-based feedback channels for a virtual sketching application

With the growing relevance of human interaction with infocommunications in general and augmented/virtual environments in particular, it is becoming increasingly important to provide users with a “virtual physics” capable of emulating the richness and subtle informativeness of multimodal feedback in the physical world. In this paper, we describe an extension to an existing immersive virtual sketching application which consists of an oversketching interaction mode, and a set of associated audio-based feedback signals. The implemented oversketching functionality allows users make incremental corrections to the drawing, helping them to emphasize certain aspects while deemphasizing others. The audio-based feedback signals, in turn, support a better understanding of the progress of oversketching, when the goal is to transition from curved to straight line segments, or vice versa.
Effect of Clinical Pharmacists on Utilization of and Clinical Response to Antiretroviral Therapy

Objective:To determine the association of clinical pharmacists with health outcomes and utilization measures among HIV-infected patients. Methods:Observational study of 1571 HIV-infected patients prescribed their initial highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen in clinics with and without a clinical pharmacist. Outcomes analyzed were changes in plasma HIV RNA level, CD4+ T-cell counts, and service utilization (hospital days, emergency department visits, and office visits) over 24 months based on exposure to a clinical pharmacist. Results:Patients exposed to a clinical pharmacist tended to be more likely to achieve an HIV RNA level <500 copies/mL at 12 months (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92 to 4.37). At 24 months, however, results depended on the provider panel size; the ORs for panel sizes ≤50 and >50 HIV-infected patients were 1.67 (95% CI: 0.60 to 4.62) and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.39 to 2.41), respectively. CD4 T-cell counts were modestly but nonsignificantly higher for the patients exposed to a clinical pharmacist. Utilization also depended on the provider panel size; pharmacist exposure was associated with 64% (95% CI: 30% to 108%) and 9% (95% CI: −11% to 33%) increases in total hospital days for panel sizes ≤50 and >50 HIV-infected patients, respectively. Pharmacist exposure was also associated with a 19% (95% CI: −13% to −24%) decrease in office visits for panel sizes ≤50 HIV-infected patients, with minimal effect for larger panel sizes. Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists seem to contribute to lower office visit rates in antiretroviral-naive patients initiating HAART.
The period of the LFSR based generalized shrinking-multiplexing generator

An architecture of Generalized Shrinking-Multiplexing Generator (GSMG) based on Linear Shift Feedback Register (LFSR) is investigated in the paper. The period of its output binary pseudo random sequences is established. Some period analysis and a comparison with the Shrinking Generator are given. The established GSMG properties show that the proposed architecture allows producing binary pseudo random sequences with good properties like uniform distributions of 1s and 0s in it, unpredictable nonlinearity and enormous period.
Sports Activities in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Narrative Review

Physical exercise is known to have beneficial effects on psychosocial well-being and cognitive performance. Children with cerebral palsy (CP) showed lower levels of physical activity (PA) than healthy children; this fact, in addition to the basic clinical condition, increased the sedentary habit with a psychological impact and motor impairment of these children. Furthermore, children and adolescents with CP are less committed to sports activities than typically developing children of the same age. The aim of the present narrative review was to increase the amount of knowledge regarding the effectiveness and importance of specific and individualized sports in children with CP. A comprehensive search of MED-LINE and EMBASE databases was performed, including specific search terms such as “cerebral palsy” combined with “sport”, “physical activity”, and the names of different sports. No publication date limits were set. We included studies with an age range of 0–18 years. The main results pointed out that most of the sports improved motor function, quality of life, and coordination in children and adolescents with CP. Physicians, therapists, and parents should become aware of the benefits of sports activities for this population of patients. Specific sports activities could be included as a usual indication in clinical practice in addition to rehabilitation treatment.
Post-Traumatic Expressions of Aromatase B, Glutamine Synthetase, and Cystathionine-Beta-Synthase in the Cerebellum of Juvenile Chum Salmon, Oncorhynchus keta

In adult fish, neurogenesis occurs in many areas of the brain, including the cerebellum, with the ratio of newly formed cells relative to the total number of brain cells being several orders of magnitude greater than in mammals. Our study aimed to compare the expressions of aromatase B (AroB), glutamine synthetase (GS), and cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS) in the cerebellum of intact juvenile chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta. To identify the dynamics that determine the involvement of AroB, GS, and CBS in the cellular mechanisms of regeneration, we performed a comprehensive assessment of the expressions of these molecular markers during a long-term primary traumatic brain injury (TBI) and after a repeated acute TBI to the cerebellum of O. keta juveniles. As a result, in intact juveniles, weak or moderate expressions of AroB, GS, and CBS were detected in four cell types, including cells of the neuroepithelial type, migrating, and differentiated cells (graphic abstract, A). At 90 days post injury, local hypercellular areas were found in the molecular layer containing moderately labeled AroB+, GS+, and CBS+ cells of the neuroepithelial type and larger AroB+, GS+, and CBS+ cells (possibly analogous to the reactive glia of mammals); patterns of cells migration and neovascularization were also observed. A repeated TBI caused the number of AroB+, GS+, and CBS+ cells to further increase; an increased intensity of immunolabeling was recorded from all cell types (graphic abstract, C). Thus, the results of this study provide a better understanding of adult neurogenesis in teleost fishes, which is expected to clarify the issue of the reactivation of adult neurogenesis in mammalian species.
Radial basis function classifier construction using particle swarm optimisation aided orthogonal forward regression

We develop a particle swarm optimisation (PSO) aided orthogonal forward regression (OFR) approach for constructing radial basis function (RBF) classifiers with tunable nodes. At each stage of the OFR construction process, the centre vector and diagonal covariance matrix of one RBF node is determined efficiently by minimising the leave-one-out (LOO) misclassification rate (MR) using a PSO algorithm. Compared with the state-of-the-art regularisation assisted orthogonal least square algorithm based on the LOO MR for selecting fixed-node RBF classifiers, the proposed PSO aided OFR algorithm for constructing tunable-node RBF classifiers offers significant advantages in terms of better generalisation performance and smaller model size as well as imposes lower computational complexity in classifier construction process. Moreover, the proposed algorithm does not have any hyperparameter that requires costly tuning based on cross validation.
Viral specificity of H-2-restricted T killer cells directed against syngeneic tumors induced by Gross, Friend, or Rauscher leukemia virus

Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) were generated against murine tumors induced by Gross, Friend, or Rauscher leukemia virus (LV) in syngeneic mixed leukocyte-tumor cell cultures. Analogous to the patterns of specificity observed with antibodies to LV-induced cell surface antigens, CTL could be classified into two major groups of specificity. Tumor cells induced by Friend, Moloney, or Rauscher virus and positive for the FMR antigen were killed by syngeneic CTL immune to any one of these three LV; the same CTL, however, were incapable of killing syngeneic tumor cells induced by Gross LV. The converse was true for Gross LV-specific CTL: these CTL were specific for syngeneic tumor cells expressing the Gross virus-associated cell-surface antigen (GCSA), and not the FMR antigen. The H-2 specificities of the two groups of LV-immune CTL were also compared, because in both cases, CTL were restricted in their killing activity to H-2-identical tumor target cells. When CTL from single strains of mice were generated against syngeneic FMR- or GCSA-positive tumor cells, differences were observed with respect both to the requirement for the expression of compatible H- 2K or H-2D specificities, and to the intensity of the CTL response in congenic mice of the H-2b, H-2d, and H-2k haplotypes.
Piecewise Linear Instrumental Variable Estimation of Causal Influence

Instrumental Variable (IV) estimation is a powerful strategy for estimating causal influence, even in the presence of confounding. Standard IV estimation requires that the relationships between variables is linear. Here we relax the linearity requirement by constructing a piecewise linear IV estimator. Simulation studies show that when the causal influence of X on Y is non-linear, the piecewise linear is an improvement.
Comparison of Fatigue Properties and Fatigue Crack Growth Rates of Various Implantable Metals

The fatigue strength, effects of a notch on the fatigue strength, and fatigue crack growth rate of Ti-15Zr-4Nb-4Ta alloy were compared with those of other implantable metals. Zr, Nb, and Ta are important alloying elements for Ti alloys for attaining superior long-term corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. The highly biocompatible Ti-15Zr-4Nb-4Ta alloy exhibited an excellent balance between strength and ductility. Its notched tensile strength was much higher than that of a smooth specimen. The strength of 20% cold-worked commercially pure (C.P.) grade 4 Ti was close to that of Ti alloy. The tension-to-tension fatigue strength of an annealed Ti-15Zr-4Nb-4Ta rod at 107 cycles was approximately 740 MPa. The fatigue strength of this alloy was much improved by aging treatment after solution treatment. The fatigue strengths of C.P. grade 4 Ti and stainless steel were markedly improved by 20% cold working. The fatigue strength of Co-Cr-Mo alloy was markedly increased by hot forging. The notch fatigue strengths of 20% cold-worked C.P. grade 4 Ti, and annealed and aged Ti-15Zr-4Nb-4Ta, and annealed Ti-6Al-4V alloys were less than those of the smooth specimens. The fatigue crack growth rate of Ti-15Zr-4Nb-4Ta was the same as that of Ti-6Al-4V. The fatigue crack growth rate in 0.9% NaCl was the same as that in air. Stainless steel and Co-Cr-Mo-Ni-Fe alloy had a larger stress-intensity factor range (ΔK) than Ti alloy.
PERFORMANCE AND NEUROMUSCULAR ADAPTATIONS FOLLOWING DIFFERING RATIOS OF CONCURRENT STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE TRAINING.

The interference effect attenuates strength and hypertrophic responses when strength and endurance training are conducted concurrently; however, the influence of training frequency upon these responses remain unclear when varying ratios of concurrent strength and endurance training are performed. Therefore the purpose of the study was to examine the strength, limb girth and neuromuscular adaptations to varying ratios of concurrent strength and endurance training. Twenty four men with >2 years resistance training experience completed 6 weeks of 3 d·wk of i) strength training (ST), ii) concurrent strength and endurance training ratio 3:1 (CT3), iii) concurrent strength and endurance training ratio 1:1 (CT1) or iv) no training (CON) in an isolated limb model. Assessments of maximal voluntary contraction via isokinetic dynamometry leg extensions (MVC), limb girth and neuromuscular responses via electromyography (EMG) were conducted at baseline, mid-intervention and post-intervention. Following training, ST and CT3 conditions elicited greater MVC increases than CT1 and CON conditions (P ≤ 0.05). ST resulted in significantly greater increases in limb girth than both CT1 and CON conditions (P = 0.05 and 0.004 respectively). CT3 induced significantly greater limb girth adaptations than CON condition (P = 0.04). No effect of time or intervention was observed for EMG (P > 0.05). In conclusion greater frequencies of endurance training performed increased the magnitude of the interference response on strength and limb girth responses following 6 weeks of 3-d· of training. Therefore, the frequency of endurance training should remain low if the primary focus of the training intervention is strength and hypertrophy.
Remaining Mysteries of the Cytoplasm

Nothing epitomizes the mystery of life more than the spatial organization and dynamics of the cytoplasm. How can a bunch of molecules, no matter how sophisticated, generate spatially complex behavior on a scale that is much larger than the molecules themselves? In my view, we will be done as cell biologists when we can predict the structure and dynamics of cells from DNA sequence. That goal is still some way off; indeed it is not yet clear if it is conceptually feasible. Below I identify three challenges, one general and two specific, that must be overcome if we are to make progress.
Advances in the Field of Automated Essay Evaluation

Automated essay evaluation represents a practical solution to a time-consuming, labor-intensive and expensive activity of manual grading of students' essays. During the last 50 years, many challenges have arised in the field, including seeking ways to evaluate the semantic content, providing automated feedback, determining validity and reliability of grades and others. In this paper we provide comparison of 21 state-of-the-art approaches for automated essay evaluation and highlight their weaknesses and open challenges in the field. We conclude with the findings that the field has developed to the point where the systems represent a useful complement (not replacement) to human scoring.