Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Mass of the Milky Way: Limits from a newly assembled set of halo objects

We set new limits on the mass of the Milky Way, making use of the latest kinematic information for Galactic satellites and halo objects. Our sample consists of 11 satellite galaxies, 137 globular clusters, and 413 field horizontal-branch (FHB) stars up to distances of 10 kpc from the Sun. Roughly half of the objects in this sample have measured proper motions, permitting the use of their full space motions in our analysis. In order to bind these sample objects to the Galaxy, their rest-frame velocities must be lower than their escape velocities at their estimated distances. This constraint enables us to show that the mass estimate of the Galaxy is largely aected by several high-velocity objects (Leo I, Pal 3, Draco, and a few FHB stars), not by a single object alone (such as Leo I), as has often been the case in past analyses. We also find that a gravitational potential that gives rise to a declining rotation curve is insucient to bind many of our sample objects to the Galaxy; a possible lower limit on the mass of the Galaxy is about 2:2 10 12 M. To be more quantitative, we adopt a Bayesian likelihood approach to reproduce the observed distribution of the current positions and motions of the sample, in a prescribed Galactic potential that yields a flat rotation curve. This method enables a search for the most likely total mass of the Galaxy, without undue influence in the final result arising from the presence or absence of Leo I, provided that both radial velocities and proper motions are used. Although the best mass estimate depends somewhat on the model assumptions, such as the unknown prior probabilities for the model parameters, the resultant systematic change in the mass estimate is confined to a relatively narrow range of a few times 10 11 M, owing to our consideration of many FHB stars. The most likely total mass derived from this method is 2:5 +0:5 1:0 10 12 M
Associated with Susceptibility to Tuberculosis Signaling and Its Polymorphisms Are Human TOLLIP Regulates TLR2 and TLR4

Tuberculosis, one of the leading causes of death worldwide, stimulates inﬂammatory responses with beneﬁcial and pathologic consequences. The regulation and nature of an optimal inﬂammatory response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains poorly understood in humans. Insight into mechanisms of negative regulation of the TLR-mediated innate immune response to M. tuberculosis could provide signiﬁcant breakthroughs in the design of new vaccines and drugs. We hypothesized that TOLLIP and its common variants negatively regulate TLR signaling in human monocytes and are associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis. Using short hairpin RNA knockdown of TOLLIP in peripheral blood human monocytes, we found that TOLLIP suppresses TNF and IL-6 production after stimulation with TLR2 and TLR4 ligands. In contrast, secretion of the anti-inﬂammatory cytokine IL-10 was induced by TOLLIP. We also discovered two common polymorphisms that are associated with either decreased levels of mRNA expression (rs3750920) or increased IL-6 production (rs5743899) in a sample of 56 healthy volunteers. Furthermore, in a case-population study in Vietnam with 760 cord blood samples and 671 TB case patients, we found that SNPs rs3750920 and rs5743899 were associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis ( p = 7.03 3 10 2 16 and 6.97 3 10 2 7 , respectively). These data demonstrate that TOLLIP has an anti-inﬂammatory effect on TLR signaling in humans and that TOLLIP deﬁciency is associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis. To our knowledge, these data also show the ﬁrst associations of TOLLIP polymorphisms with any infectious disease. These data also implicate an unexpected mechanism secretion and TLR1 surface expression, and is associated with susceptibility to TB as well as leprosy (48, 50–52). Genetic studies have also found associations of TLR4 polymorphisms with TB susceptibility (10, 24, 25). These studies suggest that genetic control of TLR1/2/4/6 signaling by negative regulators may alter susceptibility to TB. In contrast to TLRs, the functional and clinical signiﬁcance of genetic variation of TOLLIP and other negative regulators of TLR signaling is poorly studied and only partially understood. In this study, we examined the function of TOLLIP in human monocytes with knockdown studies and examination of common TOLLIP variants. We also examined whether these polymorphisms were associated with susceptibility to TB in Vietnam. These studies suggest that TOLLIP is a critical regulator of the TLR pathway in humans and that this immune regulation has a critical role in the susceptibility to TB.
Replication of Sugarscape Using l \ / IASON '

The purpose of this research was to replicate the Sugarscape model (Eptstein and Axtell 1996) and simulation outcomes as described in Growing Artificial Societies (GAS). Sugarscape is a classic agent-based model and contemporary simulation toolkits usually only have a very simple replication of a few core rules. There is scant evidence of significant replication of the rules and simulation outcomes; code supplied with Repast, Swarm, and NetLogo implement a minority of the rules in Sugarscape. In particular, the standard Repast distribution only implements Growback, Movement, and Replacement. Sugarscape implementations in these toolkits are clearly provided only as basic demonstrations of how wellknown social models might be implemented, rather than complete achievements of scientific replication. A major goal included assessing the maturity of the new MASON toolkit to replicate Sugarscape. MASON (Multiagent Simulator of Neighborhoods) "is a fast discrete-event multiagent simulation library core in Java, designed to be the foundation for large custom-purpose Java simulations, and also to provide more than enough functionality for many light-
Protein Dynamics Observations of Lambda Phage by Hybrid Petri Net

1 Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan 2 Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, Technical University of Ilmenau, 98684 Ilmenau, Germany 3 Department of Information Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan 4 Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
Dynamical influences on European climate: an uncertain future

Climate science is coming under increasing pressure to deliver projections of future climate change at spatial scales as small as a few kilometres for use in impacts studies. But is our understanding and modelling of the climate system advanced enough to offer such predictions? Here we focus on the Atlantic–European sector, and on the effects of greenhouse gas forcing on the atmospheric and, to a lesser extent, oceanic circulations. We review the dynamical processes which shape European climate and then consider how each of these leads to uncertainty in the future climate. European climate is unique in many regards, and as such it poses a unique challenge for climate prediction. Future European climate must be considered particularly uncertain because (i) the spread between the predictions of current climate models is still considerable and (ii) Europe is particularly strongly affected by several processes which are known to be poorly represented in current models.
Modelling Sub-Utterance Phenomena in Spoken Dialogue Systems

Dialogue systems that process user contributions only in chunks bounded by silence miss opportunities for producing helpful signals, such as backchannel utterances concurrent with the ongoing utterance— to the detriment of interaction quality. We survey in some detail what we call ‘subutterance’ phenomena, which such an approach misses, and then discuss two approaches to overcoming this limitation. The first is to add a ‘reactive layer’ to an otherwise unchanged, utterance-based dialogue manager. The other approach, less often taken, is to make the dialogue manager itself capable of producing such reactions. To explore the viability of such an approach, we sketch a dialogue management strategy capable of working at a sub-utterance level.
Target Detection Performance of Spectrum Sharing MIMO Radars

Future wireless communication systems are envisioned to share radio frequency spectrum with radars in order to meet the growing spectrum demands. In this paper, we address the problem of target detection by radars that project waveform onto the null space of interference channel in order to mitigate interference to cellular systems. We consider a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar and an MIMO cellular communication system with X base stations (BSs). We consider two spectrum sharing scenarios. In the first scenario, the degrees of freedom (DoF) available at the radar are not sufficient enough to simultaneously detect target and mitigate interference to X BSs. For this case, we select one BS among X BSs for waveform projection on the basis of guaranteeing minimum waveform degradation. For the second case, the radar has sufficient DoF to simultaneously detect target and mitigate interference to all X BSs. We study target detection capabilities of null-space projected (NSP) waveform and compare it with the orthogonal waveform. We derive the generalized likelihood ratio test for target detection and derive detector statistic for NSP and orthogonal waveform. The target detection performance for both waveforms is studied theoretically and via Monte Carlo simulations.
2012 ETA Guidelines: The Use of L-T4 + L-T3 in the Treatment of Hypothyroidism

Background: Data suggest symptoms of hypothyroidism persist in 5–10% of levothyroxine (L-T4)-treated hypothyroid patients with normal serum thyrotrophin (TSH). The use of L-T4 + liothyronine (L-T3) combination therapy in such patients is controversial. The ETA nominated a task force to review the topic and formulate guidelines in this area. Methods: Task force members developed a list of relevant topics. Recommendations on each topic are based on a systematic literature search, discussions within the task force, and comments from the European Thyroid Association (ETA) membership at large. Results: Suggested explanations for persisting symptoms include: awareness of a chronic disease, presence of associated autoimmune diseases, thyroid autoimmunity per se, and inadequacy of L-T4 treatment to restore physiological thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations in serum and tissues. There is insufficient evidence that L-T4 + L-T3 combination therapy is better than L-T4 monotherapy, and it is recommended that L-T4 monotherapy remains the standard treatment of hypothyroidism. L-T4 + L-T3 combination therapy might be considered as an experimental approach in compliant L-T4-treated hypothyroid patients who have persistent complaints despite serum TSH values within the reference range, provided they have previously received support to deal with the chronic nature of their disease, and associated autoimmune diseases have been excluded. Treatment should only be instituted by accredited internists/endocrinologists, and discontinued if no improvement is experienced after 3 months. It is suggested to start combination therapy in an L-T4/L-T3 dose ratio between 13:1 and 20:1 by weight (L-T4 once daily, and the daily L-T3 dose in two doses). Currently available combined preparations all have an L-T4/L-T3 dose ratio of less than 13:1, and are not recommended. Close monitoring is indicated, aiming not only to normalize serum TSH and free T4 but also normal serum free T4/free T3 ratios. Suggestions are made for further research. Conclusion: L-T4 + L-T3 combination therapy should be considered solely as an experimental treatment modality. The present guidelines are offered to enhance its safety and to counter its indiscriminate use.
Social Norms and Welfare State Dynamics

The paper analyses the interaction between economic incentives and work norms in the context of social insurance. If the work norm is endogenous in the sense that it is weaker when the population share of beneficiaries is higher, then voters will choose less generous benefits than otherwise. We also discuss welfare-state dynamics when there is a time lag in the adjustment of the norm in response to changes in this population share, and show how a temporary shift in the unemployment rate may cause persistence in the number of beneficiaries.
Utilization of an artificial neural network in the prediction of heart disease

This paper intents to assess the application of artificial neural network in predicting the presence of heart disease, mainly the angina in patients. The prediction and detection of angina are significant in determining the most appropriate form of treatment for these patients. The development of the application involves three main phases. The first phase is the development of Heart Disease Management Information System (HDMIS) for data collection and patient management. Then followed by the second phase, which is the development of Neural Network Simulator (NNS) using back propagation neural network for training and testing. The final phase is the development of Prediction System (PS) for prediction on new patient’s data. The best network model produced prediction accuracy of 88.89 percent. Apart from proving the ability of neural network technology in medical diagnosis, this study also shown how the neural network could be incorporated into the hospital information system as a prediction tool. As the pilot project, the application developed could be used as the starting point in building a medical decision support system, particularly in diagnosing the heart disease.
PENGARUH CEO ETHICAL LEADERSHIP DAN SUPERVISOR ETHICAL LEADERSHIP TERHADAP ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT DENGAN ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST DAN SUPERVISOR TRUST SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh CEO ethical leadership dan supervisor ethical leadership terhadap organizational commitment melalui supervisor trust dan organizational trust sebagai pemediasi. Responden pada penelitian ini yaitu para anggota BASARNAS yang ada di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta sampai dengan tahun 2017 dan diperoleh responden sebanyak 124. Penelitian ini menggunakan model survei dan metode purposive sampling sebagai teknik pengambilan sampel. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menggunakan teknik analisis Structural Equation Modelling dengan AMOS sebagai alat analisis. Dari hasil pengujian data pada penelitian ini, diperoleh hasil bahwa: 1) CEO ethical leadership dan supervisor ethical leadership berpengaruh signifikan terhadap supervisor trust maupun organizational trust, 2) supervisor trust berpengaruh signifikan terhadap organizational commitment, 3) CEO ethical leadership dan supervisor ethical leadership berpengaruh terhadap organizational commitment melalui supervisor trust.
Wideband Stacked Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication

A wideband stacked microstrip patch antenna is presented. The proposed structure combines the merits of the stacked patch antennas and L-shaped feed for broadband operation. This paper presents extended E and H shaped patch stacked with rectangular patch (53 mm times 35 mm). The composite effect of integrating inverting techniques and by introducing the proposed patch, offer a low profile, high gain, and compact antenna element. The simulated impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 680 MHz (33%). It is shown that the wide bandwidth is caused by a two-frequency resonance. The study showed maximum achievable gain of about 9.58 dBi and gain variation of 0.76 dBi between the frequency ranges of 1.72 GHz to 2.4 GHz. Details of the proposed compact and broadband design is presented and discussed in this paper.
Reliability Analysis of COTS-based Software System

With more emphasis on reuse of software applications, the commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) based software systems have emerged. As a result, reliability analysis of COTSbased software system has gained prominence. The focus of this paper is to provide an overview for the state of the art of COTS-based software system reliability analysis. In this paper, we first describe the definition of COTS and reliability. Then, we discuss approach and structure of COTS-based software system reliability.
QuEval: Beyond high-dimensional indexing a la carte

In the recent past, the amount of high-dimensional data, such as feature vectors extracted from multimedia data, increased dramatically. A large variety of indexes have been proposed to store and access such data efficiently. However, due to specific requirements of a certain use case, choosing an adequate index structure is a complex and time-consuming task. This may be due to engineering challenges or open research questions. To overcome this limitation, we present QuEval, an open-source framework that can be flexibly extended w.r. t. index structures, distance metrics, and data sets. QuEval provides a unified environment for a sound evaluation of different indexes, for instance, to support tuning of indexes. In an empirical evaluation, we show how to apply our framework, motivate benefits, and demonstrate analysis possibilities.
User-centric Trust-based Recommendation

Recommender Systems are widely used to achieve a pre-selection of items among a constantly growing variety of items. Last generation of recommender systems take into account trust between users. In this article, we propose several trust-based recommendation formulas that keep centered around the end-user and thus restrict information sharing to the user vicinity. Our proposed RS does not need any global knowledge: it limits data exchange to trusted friendship relations. A comparison of the proposed recommendation formulas with more classical ones is finally proposed, based on two kinds of simulation.
2 The Method 2 . 1 Extraction of Features Used in the Correspondence Algorithm

Binocular disparity refers to a small positional differences between corresponding image features in the two eyes. In this study, population vector is used to code the hyper column structure of visual cortical areas in primates and the feature points, which are population vectors at high contrast contours of the objects, are used in order to estimate disparity between stereo images while orientation and multi phase information is used as matching attribute. After obtaining a highly successful disparity information at object contours, a probabilistic model is constructed.
ESA Hyporesponsiveness Is Associated with Adverse Events in Maintenance Hemodialysis (MHD) Patients, But Not with Iron Storage

Objective It has been reported that hyporesponsiveness to erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) is associated with adverse events in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). However, it has not been determined whether higher iron storage is associated with an improved response, including better survival, to ESA. Design and Method We measured serum ferritin, hemoglobin (Hb), and transferrin saturation (TSAT) levels every three months for two years in 1,095 MHD patients. The weekly dose of ESA to Hb ratio was also calculated as an index of ESA responsiveness (ERI). Results A significant correlation (p<0.001, R = 0.89) between ferritin and Hb was only observed in the patients with ferritin levels <50 ng/mL. High-dose (≥50 mg/week) intravenous iron administration, female sex, low serum albumin, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker use were significant predictors of a high ERI value (>280); however, serum ferritin and TSAT levels did not predict a higher ERI. In the time-dependent Cox hazard model, the risk for a composite event in the patients with a high ERI (≥280) and a high ferritin level (≥100 ng/mL) was significantly greater (hazard ratio [HR], 2.09, P = 0.033) than that for patients with a high ERI and a low ferritin (<100 ng/mL) level. Conclusion Hb was dependent upon ferritin levels in patients with ferritin levels <50 ng/mL but not in patients with ferritin levels ≥50 ng/mL. Patients with hyporesponsiveness to ESA had a greater risk of composite events, but ERI was unrelated to iron storage.
Experimental evaluation of a generic abstract interpretation algorithm for PROLOG

Abstract interpretation of PROLOG programs has attracted many researchers in recent years, partly because of the potential for optimization in PROLOG compilers and partly because of the declarative nature of logic programming languages that make them more amenable to optimization than procedural languages. Most of the work, however, has remained at the theoretical level, focusing on the developments of frameworks and the definition of abstract domains. This paper reports our effort to verify experimentally the practical value of this area of research. It describes the design and implementation of the generic abstract interpretation algorithm GAIA that we originally proposed in Le Charlier et al. [1991], its instantiation to a sophisticated abstract domain (derived from Bruynooghe and Janssens [1988]) containing modes, types, sharing, and aliasing, and its evaluation both in terms of performance and accuracy. The overall implementation (over 5000 lines of Pascal) has been systematically analyzed on a variety of programs and compared with the complexity analysis of Le Charlie et al. [1991] and the specific analysis systems of Hickey and Mudambi [1989], Taylor [1989; 1990], Van Roy and Despain [1990], and Warren et al. [1988].
Factors Affecting the Detection of Relationship Status Deception

2 Acknowledgements.3 Background.5 The Costs and Benefits of Committed Relationships.5 The Costs and Benefits of Infidelity.6 General Deception.8 The Present Research.9 Methods.11 Participants.12 Materials.12 Procedure.18 Results.19 Discussion.24 References.33 Appendix.39 RELATIONSHIP STATUS DECEPTION DETECTION
Executive Functions and Neurology in Children and Adolescents

This chapter discusses the theoretical and methodological issues of creating a develop- mental perspective on executive function (EF) in childhood and adolescence. Focusing on school periods, this section outlines the development of the basic components of EF—inhi- bition, working memory, and attention. Cognitive and neurophysiological evaluations show that despite the emergence of EF in the first few years of life, it continues to grow significantly in childhood and adolescence. The components vary slightly according to their developmental sequence. The chapter links findings to long-standing developmental issues (i.e. developmental sequences and processes) and suggests the necessary research to establish a developmental framework covering early childhood throughout adolescence.
Disciplinary Sanction and Social Pressure in English Premiership Soccer

This paper uses player/match level data drawn from five playing seasons of the English Premiership League (EPL) to test for the presence of a refereeing susceptibility to social pressure in the application of soccer’s commonest sanction, the yellow disciplinary card. Using both player-specific fixed and random effects models, tentative support for the proposition is uncovered. The estimated effect, however, is found to be negligible in magnitude and unlikely to influence match outcomes in a meaningful way.