Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Block Error Probability of Block Modulation Codes by the Maximum-Likelihood Decoding for an Awgn Channel

This paper is concerned with the evaluation of the block error probability P/sub e/ of a block modulation code by optimum or suboptimum soft-decision decoding for an AWGN channel. In the range D/sub L/ of low signal-to-noise ratios, it is feasible to evaluate P/sub e/ by simulation. In the range D/sub H/ of very high signal-to-noise ratios, tight upper bounds on P/sub e/ are available. However, in most cases, there remains a gap between D/sub L/ and D/sub H/, and the value P/sub e/ for signal-to-noise ratios in this gap may be of practical interest. In general, very small values of the block error probability are required. It is infeasible to evaluate a very small P/sub e/ simply by simulation. In this paper, the maximum-likelihood soft-decision decoding of a block modulation code for an AWGN channel is considered, and a new method of evaluating the block error probability P/sub e/ for a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios is presented. The evaluation of P/sub e/ is reduced to numerical computations and simulations on statistics with not very small mean value. Computation results for the block error probabilities of some block modulation codes are given.
Parameter estimation and model fitting of stochastic processes

Multiscale methods such as averaging and homogenization have become an increasingly interesting topic in stochastic time series modelling. When applying the averaged/ homogenized processes to applications such as parameter estimation and filtering problems, the resulting asymptotic properties are often weak. In this thesis, we focus on the above mentioned multiscale methods applied on Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes. We find that the maximum likelihood based estimators for the drift and diffusion parameters derived from the averaged/homogenized systems can use the corresponding marginal multiscale data as observations, and still provide a strong convergence to the true value as if the observations are from the averaged/homogenized systems themselves. The asymptotic distribution for the estimators are studied in this thesis for the averaging problem, while that of the homogenization problem exhibit more difficulties and will be an interest of future work. In the case when applying the multiscale methods to the Kalman filter of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck systems, we study the convergence between the marginal covariance and marginal mean of the full scale system and those of the averaged/homogenized systems, by measuring their discrepancies. In Part III, we study real world projects of time series modelling in the field of econometrics. Chapter 7 presents a modelling project on interest rate time series from the well known Nelson-Siegel yield curve model. The methodology shows a development from standard Vector Autoregressive model to Bayesian based heteroscedastic regression model. Gibbs sampling is used as theMonte Carlo method. Chapter 8 presents a model comparison in modelling a portfolio of economic indices between constant correlation GARCH and Dynamic Conditional Correlation GARCH models. It compares the two models suitability in capturing the effect of "volatility clustering".
A mechanism relating tropical Atlantic spring sea surface temperature and west African rainfall

In this paper, we describe a mechanistic study on the role of tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the dynamics of the west African monsoon. A hypothesis that a warm spring (April‐June) SST results in a wet monsoon is explored using a moist, zonally symmetric model. A positive spring rainfall anomaly has been simulated over the ocean, in response to the warm SST, which then propagates onto the land and persists two to three months, even after the SST anomaly vanishes. While the ocean‐atmosphere interaction is crucial for the initial development of the rainfall anomaly over land, the interactions between the ocean, land, and atmosphere are found to be important for relating tropical Atlantic spring SST to west African rainfall. Furthermore, the positive feedback between rainfall and soil moisture is responsible for some of the persistence in the rainfall anomaly. We present a case‐study for the wettest (1994) and driest (1992) years of the 1990s so far. The observations show that a warm spring SST anomaly in 1994 was associated with abundant summer rainfall over west Africa. These empirical observations are consistent with the proposed physical mechanism.
Excited-state populations of H2 in the positive column of a glow discharge

The vacuum ultraviolet spectrum of the H2 molecule from the positive column of a glow discharge has been fitted to obtain relative populations for the excited B 1 Sigma u vibrational states. The fitted populations are compared with a simple steady-state model which uses relative cross sections for electron impact excitation obtained with either the Born approximation limit for high incident electron energies, or the impact parameter method of calculation for low electron energies. The technique of synthesising emission spectra, made possible by the vast experimental and theoretical data on the H2 molecule, shows promise of being a useful tool to probe its excited-state populations.
Microwave mixing and noise in the two‐dimensional electron gas medium at low temperatures

Microwave mixing and noise measurement techniques have been used to characterize energy relaxation and noise phenomena for the two‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG) medium in single AlGaAs/GaAs modulation‐doped quantum wells. Mixing experiments at 94 GHz yield the energy relaxation time directly, in good agreement with optical methods previously reported. The noise output power at low microwave frequencies (1.5–3.5 GHz), is shown to have one term due to Nyquist noise at the electron temperature, and a second frequency‐dependent term caused by fluctuations in the electron temperature.
Generalized Langevin theory for gas/solid processes: Dynamical solid models

A new class of smooth and structured solid models is developed from the generalized Langevin theory of gas/solid processes [S. A. Adelman and J. D. Doll, J. Chem. Phys. 64, 2375 (1976)], and numerical results for scattering off the simplest of these model solids are presented. The models, which may be refined to arbitrary precision, allow one to treat the many‐body or lattice effect in gas/solid dynamics in a qualitatively correct but computationally simple manner. Scattering calculations based on the models may be carried out using standard classical trajectory methodology; the many‐body dynamics modifies the usual classical equations of motion through noise terms and auxiliary variables. Collisional studies based on the simplest of the new models reveal the importance of many‐body dynamics on energy transfer and trapping thresholds. The percentage of energy transfer due to many‐body effects is found to be a rapidly increasing function of solid Debye temperature ΘD; at ΘD≳225°K the many‐body contribution.
Observation of Chemical Turbulence in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction

Spatio-temporal aperiodicities (turbulence) are experimentally observed in the light sensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction catalyzed by the ruthenium bipyridyl complex [Ru(bpy)3]2+. Turbulence is obtained by a periodically modulated light spot, as well as at constant and uniform illumination. In the latter case, wave front instabilities cause “ripple”-like deformations (at relatively low light intensities) or wave front disruptions (at higher light intensities). Ripples at low illumination are quasiperiodic, while ripples at stronger illumination and disrupted waves have features of chaos, indicating a Ruelle-Takens scenario. Wave front destabilization is related to a change of slope of the experimentally determined eikonal relationship (dependence of the normal velocity of the wave front on its curvature). Wave disruptions lead to aperiodic sequences of spiral formation and destruction, labyrinth-like aperiodic structures, or to a turbulent “gas” of wave pieces.
Chemically pumped oxygen—iodine laser

A review is given of the principles of operation of the oxygen—iodine laser. Various types of chemical generators of singlet oxygen, which are key components in oxygen—iodine lasers, are considered. Experimental investigations of cw and pulsed oxygen—iodine lasers are described. The state-of-the-art theoretical investigations and potential applications of oxygen—iodine lasers are discussed.
NTM induced fast ion losses in ASDEX Upgrade

The loss of fast (i.e. suprathermal) ions from a magnetically confined fusion plasma due to the interaction with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities has been experimentally characterized and interpreted by means of a numerical model. It is found that for a special class of instabilities, the so-called neoclassical tearing modes, fast ions losses are increased and modulated at the same frequency of the mode. This new experimental finding is explained as a result of the drift islands formed by energetic ions in particle phase space. An eventual overlapping of these drift islands leads to an orbit stochasticity and therefore to an enhancement of the fast ion losses. This explanation is confirmed by statistical analysis of simulations of fast ions trajectories performed with the ORBIT code. The mechanism is of general importance for understanding the interaction between MHD modes and fast particles in magnetic confinement experiments.
Room temperature cw operation in GaInAsP/InP microdisk laser with record low threshold of 150 /spl mu/A

We have achieved the cw lasing operation in a GaInAsP/InP microdisk injection laser at room temperature for the first time. A record low threshold current of 150 /spl mu/A was obtained for the lasing wavelength of 1.63 /spl mu/m. It was mainly due to the reduction of scattering loss at the disk edge and that of threshold current density.
Acoustic design of a three‐layered plate with high sound interception

This paper presents a study on the transmission characteristics of a three‐layered infinite plate excited by a plane acoustic wave. Each layer is described by the two‐dimensional elasticity theory. An expression predicting the sound transmission loss as a function of both the frequency and the incidence angle of the acoustic wave is derived and calculated numerically for various combinations of the facing and the core materials. Further, based on the information thus obtained, a method to fabricate a sandwich plate with high sound interception is presented and applied to the design of a plate consisting of a steel core and foamed concrete facings.
Model-based matching using skewed symmetry information

A model-based approach is proposed for recovering the 3-D position of a symmetrical polygon in the models from its single image. First, a Hough-type voting method detects skewed symmetry in the image. Matching of the skewed symmetry axis to symmetry axes of models then makes both selection of models and recovering their orientation easy. The method is shown to possess robustness of matching from occlusion. <<ETX>>
Probability Distributions for DNA Sequence Comparisons

A printer has an optical printing head for a line-by-line image forming of design and text information. The printing head has spaced light emitting elements arranged in a row and each having a light emitting surface. The printing head further has an optical device for reproducing the light, emitted by the light emitting elements, in one line on a light sensitive surface. The light emitting surface of each light emitting element has, parallel to the feed direction of the light sensitive surface, a dimension several times the length of image dots to be reproduced on the light sensitive surface. The optical device has an image reproducing first optical lens and a second optical lens situated between the first optical lens and the light sensitive surface for reducing the image of the light emitting surface of each light emitting element to a required light dot size on the light sensitive surface.
Energy position of 4f levels in rare-earth metals

The energy position of the occupied and unoccupied 4f levels relative to the Fermi energy is studied for the rare-earth metals. This is done by treating the excited state as an impurity in an otherwise perfect crystal. This picture is first considered in the complete screening approximation. In this approximation thermochemical data can be used directly to give energy values for the unoccupied f levels which are accurate to +- 0.05 eV; for the occupied f levels the uncertainty is somewhat larger. The obtained values are then compared with recent x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and Bremsstrahlung isochromal spectroscopy data. The deviations found are discussed in terms of impurity effects left out in the complete screening approximation. When these effects are included a general good agreement with experiment is obtained. The consistency found in the XPS results is utilized for an improved estimation of the fourth ionization energy of the rare earths.
MONTE CARLO CALCULATIONS ON INTRANUCLEAR CASCADES. I. LOW-ENERGY STUDIES

Nuclear cascade calculations of the Goldberger type have been performed using the MANIAC electronic computer. A three-dimensional relativistic treatment was used. The target nuclei were Al/sup 27/, Cu/sup 64/, Ru/sup 100/, Ce/sup 140, Bi/sup 209/, and U/sup 238/. Incident protons and neutrons with energies between 82 and 565 Mev have been studied, but meson production was neglected in this energy range. Cascades initiated by about 1000 incident particles were followed in each case. The results have been compared Uth those of previous calculations of this type, as well as with experimental photographic-plate data and counter measurements reflecting the cascade stage of high-energy nuclear reactions. The agreement with experimental data is usually good. Tables and graphs are presented showing the frequency of occurrence of various residual nuclei, and data on the residual nuclear excitation energy after the cascade are over. A few comparisons with radio-chemical data indicate over-all agreement with the general spallation pattern of copper with 540-Mev protons and good agreement with the Ni/sup 64/(p,n)Cu/sup 64/ reaction over the energy range 100 to 400 Mev. However, the calculated results for the Cu/sup 65/(p,pn)Cu/sup 64/ reaction are low by almost a factor of two, although the energy dependence is approximately correct.more » (auth)« less
Acoustic material signature for a cracked surface

A model of the acoustic material signature for a line-focus scanning acoustic microscope, based upon a boundary-element calculation and an electromechanical reciprocity identity, is described. The electromechanical reciprocity identity is used to relate the voltage at the terminals of the transducer of the microscope to the acoustic wavefields at the interface between the specimen and the coupling fluid. The wavefields scattered from the surface of the specimen, including the leaky Rayleigh wave, are calculated. Both a defect-free elastic surface and one broken by a crack are considered. Knowing the wavefields incident and scattered from the specimen, the acoustic signature is calculated using the reciprocity relation. Further, the results for a defect-free surface are compared with an experimental measurement. <<ETX>>
How sensitive are aerosol‐precipitation interactions to the warm rain representation?

It is widely acknowledged that aerosol‐cloud interactions are a major uncertainty in climate and numerical weather prediction. One of the sources of uncertainty is the sensitivity of the cloud microphysics parameterization to changes in aerosol, in particular the response of precipitation. In this work, we conduct an idealized, dynamically consistent, intercomparison of warm rain microphysics schemes to understand this source of uncertainty. The aims of this investigation are: (i) investigate how sensitive precipitation susceptibility (S0) is to cloud microphysics representation and (ii) use S0 to determine the minimum complexity of microphysics required to produce a consistent precipitation response to changes in cloud drop number concentration (Nd). The main results from this work are: (i) over a large range of liquid water path and Nd, all the bulk schemes, but particularly the single moment schemes, artificially produce rain too rapidly. Relative to a reference bin microphysics scheme, this leads to a low in‐cloud S0 and impacts the evolution of S0 over time. (ii) Rain evaporation causes surface S0 from all schemes to be larger than the cloud base S0. The magnitude of the change in S0 with altitude is dependent on the scheme and the representation of the rain drop size distribution. Overall, we show that single‐moment schemes produce the largest range in the sensitivity of precipitation to changes in Nd. Modifying rain production parameterization alone does not reduce this spread. Instead, increasing the complexity of the rain representation to double‐moment significantly improves this behavior and the overall consistency between schemes.
Approaches of Multimodal Medical Images Registration and Fusion: Efficacy on Diagnostic and Therapeutic Planning

Abstract Medical images of different modalities, such as computed tomography/magnetic resonance/Positron Emission Tomography/Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography/ultrasonography, etc., of a particular object of interest provide complimentary information about the conditions of diseases and that of patients. Mapping of one image over that of other and a subsequent fusion of images is of immense importance from the point of view of diagnostics and treatment planning. In this paper, we have presented major theoretical/practical approaches of medical image registration. After making both methodological and technical survey of almost all the approaches in literature of both functional and anatomical images, we presented an in-depth study of two relatively recent approaches that we consider most promising. These are shape theoretic and image entropy-based methods. We have also proposed a soft computing approach of fusion of registered images using Dempster Shafer Theory of Evidence Accumulation along with some experimental results on some critical human body components such as brain, chest, and bones.
The bootstrap approach to the multistate life table method using Stata: Does accounting for complex survey designs matter? 1

OBJECTIVE I aim to develop a Stata program that estimates multistate life table quantities and their confidence intervals while controlling for covariates of interest, as well as adjusting for complex survey designs. Using the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) (2000–2016), I use the new program to estimate US females’ total, healthy, and unhealthy life expectancies and their intervals by race/ethnicity at age 52 (the youngest age in the sample), while adjusting for education.
The NGC 2264 molecular cloud: ammonia and OH observations.

Line emission from OH and HN/sub 3/ has been mapped in the region of the young star cluster NGC 2264. The NH/sub 3/ emission has been resolved into two components which are joined by a major axis lying along the galactic plane. A systematic velocity gradient of 3 km s/sup -1/ has been measured across the 2 pc extent of the NH/sub 3/ emission, and this gradient is interpreted in terms of a ''rotation'' of the two components about a minor axis centered midway between them and inclined at 90/sup 0/ to the galactic plane. The inferred rotation period of 4 million years corresponds to a Keplerian mass of approx.10/sup 3/ M/sub sun/. The NH/sub 3/ emission suggests an embryonic binary star system whose angular momentum could have been derived from the gravitational collapse of a differentially rotating interstellar cloud with a size of approx.10 pc, a molecular hydrogen number density of approx.5 cm/sup -3/, a temperature of approx.10 K, and a Jeans mass of approx.10/sup 3/ M/sub sun/. Because the OH emission is excited in the more tenuous parts of the region, it is more extensive and has a center shifted away from one of the NH/sub 3/ componentsmore » in a direction where shearing motions may exist. « less
Efficient algorithm for irreducible realization of a rational matrix

Abstract A computationally efficient algorithm is presented for irreducible realization of a given rational transfer function matrix. It is shown that either the Hankel matrix for the system or a reduced form of it can be systematically transformed to the Hermite normal form using outer products. The dynamical equations then follow immediately. This algorithm requires less computation than the existing algorithms.
Stability criteria for uncertain Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems with interval time-varying delay

The asymptotic stability for Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy systems with interval time-varying delay and parameter uncertainties are investigated. Delay-dependent and delay-independent criteria are proposed to guarantee the asymptotic stability for the uncertain fuzzy systems with interval time-varying delay. Numerical examples are provided to show that the obtained results significantly improve the allowed bounds of time-varying delay over some existing ones in the literature.
Feature Analysis and Modeling of the Network Community Structure

Community structure has an important influence on the structural and dynamic characteristics of the complex systems. So it has attracted a large number of researchers. However, due to its complexity, the mechanism of action of the community structure is still not clear to this day. In this paper, some features of the community structure have been discussed. And a constraint model of the community has been deduced. This model is effective to identify the communities. And especially, it is effective to identify the overlapping nodes between the communities. Then a community detection algorithm, which has linear time complexity, is proposed based on this constraint model, a proposed node similarity model and the Modularity Q. Through some experiments on a series of real-world and synthetic networks, the high performances of the algorithm and the constraint model have been illustrated.
Algebra model and security analysis for cryptographic protocols

More and more cryptographic protocols have been used to achieve various security requirements of distributed systems in the open network environment. However cryptographic protocols are very difficult to design and analyze due to the complexity of the cryptographic protocol execution, and a large number of problems are unsolved that range from the theory framework to the concrete analysis technique. In this paper, we build a new algebra called cryptographic protocol algebra (CPA) for describing the message operations with many cryptographic primitives, and proposed a new algebra model for cryptographic protocols based on the CPA. In the model, expanding processes of the participant’s knowledge on the protocol runs are characterized with some algebraic notions such as subalgebra, free generator and polynomial algebra, and attack processes are modeled with a new notion similar to that of the exact sequence used in homological algebra. Then we develope a mathematical approach to the cryptographic protocol security analysis. By using algebraic techniques, we have shown that for those cryptographic protocols with some symmetric properties, the execution space generated by an arbitrary number of participants may boil down to a smaller space generated by several honest participants and attackers. Furthermore we discuss the composability problem of cryptographic protocols and give a sufficient condition under which the protocol composed of two correct cryptographic protocols is still correct, and we finally offer a counterexample to show that the statement may not be true when the condition is not met.