Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of hypertension among diabetes patients attending selected comprehensive specialized hospitals of the Amhara Region, Ethiopia: An unmatched case-control study

Background The coexistence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension is a worldwide public health problem causing significant morbidity, mortality, and decreased quality of life. Despite the increasing burden of hypertension among patients with DM, data on determinants of hypertension among patients with DM in the Amhara region of Ethiopia is scarce. Hence, this study identified determinants of hypertension among people with diabetes attending chronic disease follow-up clinics in the Amhara region of comprehensive specialized hospitals in Ethiopia. Method and materials An institutional-based unmatched case-control study was conducted among 470 individuals with diabetes in the Amhara region’s comprehensive specialized hospitals (Debre Berhan, Felege Hiwot, and Dessie Comprehensive specialized hospital). A multistage sampling technique was used to select participants for this study. We collected the data using standard questionnaires (short form of international physical activity questionnaire, Morisky medication adherence scale, patient health questionnaire, perceived dietary adherence scale, Oslo social support questionnaire, and alcohol use disorder identification test), physical measurements, and data extraction checklists. A multivariable binary logistic regression was fitted to identify determinants of hypertension, and we presented the findings using an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results 235 cases and 235 controls participated in this study. The median (IQR) age for the cases was 60 (52–66 = 14), and the mean age (± SD) for the controls was 51.72 (± 12.51). The significant determinants of hypertension with AOR [95% CI] were a lower level of physical activity: 1.82 [1.00, 3.31], depression: 2.00 [1.24, 3.21], family history of hypertension: 2.13 [1.34, 3.37], not having diabetic health education: 1.87 [1.18, 2.96], a longer duration of diabetes: 1.99 [1.05, 3.79], and poor glycemic control: 1.57 [1.01, 2.45]. Conclusion In this study, determinants that increase the risk of hypertension among people with diabetes mellitus were older age, physical inactivity, depression, family history of hypertension, not having diabetic health education, a longer duration of diabetes, and poor glycemic control.
Keypoint clustering for robust image matching

A number of popular image matching algorithms such as Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT)1 are based on local image features. They first detect interest points (or keypoints) across an image and then compute descriptors based on patches around them. In this paper, we observe that in textured or feature-rich images, keypoints typically appear in clusters following patterns in the underlying structure. We show that such clustering phenomenon can be used to: 1) enhance recall and precision performance of the descriptor matching process, and 2) improve convergence rate of the RANSAC algorithm used in the geometric verification stage.
The problem of inductive inference

The words "inductive inference" in the title of the subject on which I was il1\·ited to speak, are used as a "prescientific concept" (Carnap) referring to all attempts at practical utilization of the results of observati9n. The nature of indurtive inference, the posible ways of making the concept precise and of constructing its consistent theory have been the subject of a number of penetrating studies. The two latest are due to Rudolf Carnap [1] and R. B. Braithwaite [2]. Both authors devote a substantial amount of space to the ideas that prevail in most of the current statistical literature and, in particular, t<> the logical system which originated a quarter of a century ago out of my joint work with Egon S. Pearson. It is not unnatural that some of our ideas are preaented by the two authors in a manner different from our own, at least different from the one that I would use now. In some cases, and this applies particularly to Professor Carnap's work, the differences are quite substantial and suggest that my previous writinge must have been insufficiently clear. As a result, when Professor Carnap criticizes some attitudes which he repre. ~nts as consistent with my point of view, I readily join him in his criticism without, however, accepting the responsibility for the criticired paragraphs. The purpose of the present paper is, then, to make another attempt at a consistent presentation of the system of ideas that underly the sections of the theory of statistics for which I am at least partly responsible. In the aecond part of the paper these ideas are illustrated on the particular problem of homogenei ty of neutral V-particlen'l. The point. of view presented is substantially closer to that of Braithwaite than to that of Ca.rnap. For this reason, and for the sake of brevity, most of the references given in the text will be addressed to Carnap's work, particularly to the points on Khich there is disagreement. An additional reason for this selection of material is that real progress in clarifyiug a situation is more frequently ac. ;hieved by constructively dis1:ussing the existing differences of opinion rather than by emphasizing points on which there is a complete harmony.
Observation of latent reliability degradation in ultrathin oxides after heavy-ion irradiation

Constant voltage time-dependent-dielectric-breakdown distributions were obtained for both unirradiated and irradiated 3.0 and 3.2 nm thick SiO2 films subjected to 60Co gamma irradiation and heavy ions of 823 MeV 129Xe (linear energy transfer=59 MeV-cm2/mg). The gamma irradiation had no effect on oxide lifetime. The heavy ion irradiation substantially reduced oxide life even though the devices were biased at 0.0 V during irradiation. The reduction of oxide lifetime under constant-voltage stress conditions was a strong function of the heavy ion fluence.
Moringa isothiocyanate-1 inhibits LPS-induced inflammation in mouse myoblasts and skeletal muscle

This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of moringa isothiocyanate-1 (MIC-1) extracted from seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation models. MIC-1 decreased nitric oxide production and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory markers (TNF-α, Ifn-α, IL-1β, IL-6) in C2C12 myoblasts. The daily oral treatment of MIC-1 (80 mg/kg) for three days significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory markers in gastrocnemius muscle tissue of LPS-treated C57BL/6 male mice. Transcriptomic analysis provided further insights into the inhibitory effects of MIC-1 on the LPS-induced inflammation, which suggested that MIC-1 affects inflammation and immunity-related genes in myoblasts and skeletal muscle tissue. MIC-1 inhibited the nuclear accumulation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) in the LPS-treated myoblasts. Our data support the hypothesis that the MIC-1’s effects in the muscle cells are mediated through the inhibition of the NF-κB translocation in the nucleus, which, in turn, results in immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory responses at the gene expression levels.
On the application of a new formulation of nonlinear eddy viscosity based on anisotropy to numerical ocean models

The present paper explores the derivation of an alternative nonlinear eddy viscosity formulation based on Reynolds stress anisotropy and its implementation to numerical ocean models. This formulation takes into account the vorticity in addition to the mean strain rate. The proposed formulation does not include the stability function method which is a common approach in eddy viscosity calculations used in the present state-of-the-art numerical ocean models. Instead, it depends on the second invariant of anisotropy. Initially, the performance of the formulation is checked through a simple channel flow simulation. Consequently for model calibration, an idealised experiment of mixed-layer entrainment into stably stratified flow has been simulated and compared to empirical data. For sensitivity studies related to shear and stable stratification, concept of steady-state Richardson number is applied for homogeneous shear layer. Finally, the performance of the new formulation is tested by implementing it into one.
Force and torque computation from 2-D and 3-D finite element field solutions

The Coulomb virtual work (CVW) method of force and torque calculation is a relatively recent development which has received little publicised appraisal or validation particularly for three-dimensional situations. The authors outline the CVW method and describe its application to a range of force calculation problems, showing that the CVW method can be superior in accuracy and ease of implementation to the Maxwell stress tensor (MST) method. Results of the two-dimensional CVW, two-dimensional MST, and three-dimensional CVW are compared against either analytical or measured data. The 2-D CVW calculation produces discrepancies against analytical or test results similar to those obtained with the MST method with centroid paths. Comparisons between 2-D, 3-D and analytical or experimental data show that the force or torque computed from the 3-D analysis is in much better agreement with the analytical or experimental data than that obtained from 2-D.
Electrical and optical properties of p-type CuFe1-xSnxO2 (x = 0.03, 0.05) delafossite-oxide

The CuFe1-xSnxO2 (x = 0.03, 0.05) delafossite samples have been synthesized by a solid-state reaction to investigate electrical and optical properties of the transparent conducting oxide materials. Crystal structure was characterized by XRD. The electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient were measured in the high temperature range of 300 to 960 K, while the Hall coefficient, XPS, and UV-VIS-NIR spectra were analyzed at room temperature. The XRD peaks of the samples indicate the delafossite structure phase, and the XPS spectra reveal the stable Sn2+-doping state. The Seebeck and Hall coefficient display a positive sign indicating the p-type conducting oxide. The optical allowed direct gap is 3.45 eV as a visible-transparent material. The activation energies for polaron hopping between Sn2+ sites and Fe3+ sites of 36 and 32 meV are obtained from the samples having x = 0.03 and 0.05, respectively. The CuFe1-xSnxO2 delafossite oxide compounds, of which the Fe3+ sites in the CuFeO2 are substituted by the Sn2+ ions, are p-type transparent conducting oxide materials. The activation energy is found to decrease with an increased in Sn content.
Core instability of the spanwise vortices in a plane mixing layer

A spanwise core instability of the primary vortices in a plane mixing layer has been identified as a viable mechanism for the generation of streamwise vortical structures far downstream of the flow partition. The core instability is excited by a time‐harmonic wave train with spanwise phase variation, synthesized by a mosaic of individually controlled surface heaters flush mounted on the flow partition. The flow is visualized in planes of constant cross‐stream elevation by means of a schlieren system. As a result of the forcing, the primary vortices undergo spanwise deformations that induce secondary vortical structures, the shape and strength of which depends on the magnitude of the prescribed spanwise phase variation. The appearance of small‐scale structures within the large coherent vortices suggests that core instability is an important contributor to mixing.
A Note on Homogeneity of Variance of Scores and Ranks

When any two or more sets of scores with unequal variances are com bined and ranked together as one set, the corresponding sets of ranks inherit the unequal variances. This fact is well known in the theory of nonparametric statistics, but in practice researchers and applied statisticians frequently overlook its implica tions. Because of this property, familiar nonparametric rank tests cannot overcome effects of heterogeneous variances of treatment groups in statistical significance test ing. A simulation study demonstrates explicitly that transformation of scores to ranks reduces variance heterogeneity, although not enough to prevent gross distor tion of the probabilities of type I and type II errors of statistical significance tests, including the t test, the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, and the van der Waerden, or normal scores, test. The present note also focuses attention on an aspect of the prob lem that is neglected in the literature: The equivalence of various nonparametric tests and their parametric counterparts performed on ranks, or the rank transfor mation concept, provides a rationale for the influence of unequal variances on test statistics calculated from ranks. MY PURPOSE in the present note is to call attention to a simple property of ranks that researchers and applied statisticians sometimes overlook when using statistical methods based on ranks. This property, noted by Pratt (1964) and Zaremba (1965), and later by many other authors, has implications for the prob lem of homogeneity of variance in statistical significance testing. It reveals that substitution of nonparametric methods for parametric tests such as t and F to overcome violation of the assumption, a procedure widely recommended in introductory textbooks, does not accomplish what is intended. Although some textbook authors have become aware of this problem in recent years, they have missed its connection with the rank transformation concept, or the equivalence of various nonparametric tests with parametric counterparts per formed on ranks replacing scores. In the present note, I emphasize that this con
The relationship between finite groups and Clifford algebras

Clifford algebras are traditionally realized in terms of a specific set of representation matrices. This paper provides a more effective alternative by giving the finite group associated with each Clifford algebra. All the representation‐independent algebraic results, which are really direct consequences of the underlying group structure, can thus be derived in an easier and more general manner. There are five related but distinct classes of finite groups associated with the Clifford algebras. These groups are constructed from the complex, cyclic, quaternion, and dihedral groups in a way which is discussed here in detail. Of particular utility is a table which lists the order structure of each group: this permits the immediate identification of any Clifford algebra in any dimension.
Trends in high energy particle accelerators

Particle accelerators of higher and higher energy and intensity are required, as the investigation of subatomic matter needs to be pursued with higher and higher resolving power. To keep pace with this need while keeping physical dimensions and the cost of accelerator installations affordable, ever new ideas and technologies must be devised. After a brief general introduction and a summary of accelerator physics basics, we review the main lines of development of state of the art installations recently built, in construction or on the drafting board. New physics and technology challenges they pose and main topics still open to further research and development are also outlined.
Precipitation Estimation in Mountainous Terrain Using Multivariate Geostatistics. Part I: Structural Analysis

Abstract Values of average annual precipitation (AAP) are desired for hydrologic studies within a watershed containing Yucca Mountain, Nevada, a potential site for a high-level nuclear-waste repository. Reliable values of AAP are not yet available for most areas within this watershed because of a sparsity of precipitation measurements and the need to obtain measurements over a sufficient length of time. To estimate AAP over the entire watershed, historical precipitation data and station elevations were obtained from a network of 62 stations in southern Nevada and southeastern California. Multivariate geostatistics (cokriging) was selected as an estimation method because of a significant (p = 0.05) correlation of r = . 75 between the natural log of AAP and station elevation. A sample direct variogram for the transformed variable, TAAP = ln [(AAP) 1000], was fitted with an isotropic, spherical model defined by a small nugget value of 5000, a range of 190 000 ft, and a sill value equal to the sample variance .
Pencils of quadrics, binary forms and hyperclliptic curves

A pcucil of qnadrirs (QA)x,nl is called g r n e d if it,s discrilninant admits no niult,iplc root,. I,vt MP, denote the (coarse) moduli space of general pencils of quadrics in B,. If M i ~l(~r~ot .cs he rnotl~rli space of binary forms of dcgree n with 11o rrlultiple root and 'h! , d(:notc~ tlic nlotiuli S ~ W C of smooth 11yl)erclliptic curves of genus g , then i t is a classical fact that t,here are canonical isornorphisms:
Application of new fuzzy-weighted average (NFWA) method to engineering design evaluation

Engineering design evaluation is characterized by imprecise (vague) importance and satisfaction levels of criteria, which are better treated as fuzzy variables rather than as subjective crisp variables. Nevertheless, operations on fuzzy numbers tend to increase unnecessarily the imprecision when they are combined for some applications, particularly, when a fuzzy-weighted average (FWA) is calculated. This paper proposes a novel method of operating on fuzzy numbers to obtain a fuzzy-weighted average of desirability levels during design evaluation. The method produces overall desirability levels less imprecise and more realistic than those of the conventional FWA. Furthermore, the balance points of these fuzzy numbers seem to be more credible than those of the FWA. An example is presented, which demonstrates the advantages of the method developed.
Evolution of induced fabric in a strain space multiple mechanism model for granular materials

The strain space multiple mechanism model idealizes the behavior of granular materials based on a multitude of virtual simple shear mechanisms oriented in arbitrary directions. Within this modeling framework, the virtual simple shear stress is defined as a quantity that depends on the contact distribution function as well as the normal and tangential components of inter‐particle contact forces, which evolve independently during the loading process. In other terms, the virtual simple shear stress is an intermediate quantity in the upscaling process from the microscopic level (characterized by the contact distribution and inter‐particle contact forces). The stress space fabric (i.e. the orientation distribution of the virtual simple shear stress) produces macroscopic stress through the tensorial average. Thus, the stress space fabric characterizes the fundamental and higher modes of anisotropy induced in granular materials. Comparing an induced fabric associated with the biaxial shear of plane granular assemblies obtained via a simulation using Discrete Element Method to the strain space multiple mechanism model suggests that the strain space multiple mechanism model has the capability to capture the essential features in the evolution of an induced fabric in granular materials. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The dynamical systems approach to lagrangian transport in oceanic flows

▪ Abstract Chaotic advection and, more generally, ideas from dynamical systems, have been fruitfully applied to a diverse, and varied, collection of mixing and transport problems arising in engineering applications over the past 20 years. Indeed, the “dynamical systems approach” was developed, and tested, to the point where it can now be considered a standard tool for understanding mixing and transport issues in many disciplines. This success for engineering-type flows motivated an effort to apply this approach to transport and mixing problems in geophysical flows. However, there are fundamental difficulties arising in this endeavor that must be properly understood and overcome. Central to this approach is that the starting point for analysis is a velocity field (i.e., the “dynamical system”). In many engineering applications this can be obtained sufficiently accurately, either analytically or computationally, so that it describes particle trajectories for the actual flow. However, in geophysical flows (a.
Radio emission from young supernova remnants. II: Evolution and dependence on characteristics of the progenitor and the external medium

During the evolution of a supernova remnant (SNR), some of the explosion energy is converted to relativistic electron energy at the shock front; and, to the extent that the circumstellar medium (CSM) is clumpy, turbulent dynamo processes associated with the growth of Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) fingers convert explosion kinetic energy into magnetic field energy. Phenomenological descriptions of these processes have been incorporated into a one-dimensional, spherical hydrodynamics program. Input parameters used in the calculations included the explosion energy, the mean CSM density, and various characteristics of the clump CSM
An Intense, Quasi-Steady Thunderstorm over Mountainous Terrain. Part IV: Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation.

Abstract A three-dimensional numerical simulation of an intense, quasi-steady left-moving thunderstorm observed over mountainous terrain is presented. The observational analysis of the evolution of convection leading to this storm is presented in Part I, and a detailed analysis of the Doppler radar-observed storm structure is presented in Parts II and III. This storm was particularly interesting because it initially grew in an environment characterized by terrain-induced boundary layer convergence before a massive mesoscale cold front passed underneath. The front cooled and moistened low levels while veering the surface winds to the north, creating a hodograph of winds strongly backing with height. After frontal passage the initial storm cell grew explosively and turned to the left. The observed storm evolution after the frontal passage was reproduced well by the numerical simulation. An observed secondary updraft which was not simulated, was attributed to residual effects of the prefrontal environment, w.
The source characterization study 2007: A detailed three dimensional acoustic field measurement of a seismic airgun array.

In September 2007 the Littoral Acoustic Demonstration Center (LADC) collected acoustic and related data from three moored arrays and ship‐deployed hydrophones spanning the full water column to measure the three‐dimensional acoustic field of a seismic airgun array. The seismic source vessel shot a series of lines to give a detailed angle and range information concerning the field. The data were collected in the western Gulf of Mexico between the East Break and Alamos Canyon regions. Peak pressures, sound exposure levels, total shot energy spectra, and one‐third octave band analyses are measures used to characterize the field. Three dimensional maps of these quantities are generated to show dependence on emission and azimuthal angles and range. Both the direct and indirect fields are characterized. Moveout analysis is done to delineate arrivals and to detect ducted and interface waves. [Research supported by the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers. ]
Two Extensions of the Sard--Schoenberg Theory of Best Approximation

A linear functional $J(f)$ defined on $C^{m - 1} [a,b]$ can be approximated by appropriate linear combinations of function values $f(x_i )$ at discrete points $x_1 , \cdots ,x_n \in [a,b]$. The problem of best approximation with respect to a given class of functions was posed by Sard [11] and solved for special classes by Schoenberg [12]. We give a simplified proof of Schoenberg’s result which immediately carries over to the periodic case. An example for its application is the attenuation factors in practical Fourier analysis. Another extension is possible if interpolation is replaced by smoothing.