Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overview of Iron-Coated Dynamic Membrane for Water Treatment

The increasing global demand for clean and potable water has prompted the exploration of innovative water treatment technologies. Pre-deposited dynamic membrane systems, a novel approach in wastewater treatment, have gained attention due to their versatility and effectiveness. This mini-review focuses on the application of iron oxide-based dynamic membranes in water treatment processes. It discusses the impact, formation, properties, and various water treatment applications of iron oxide dynamic membranes, highlighting their potential to revolutionize the field of sustainable water treatment.
Dietary Sodium Restriction and Frailty among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: An 8-Year Longitudinal Study

Frailty is a common geriatric syndrome. However, there is little information about the relationship between dietary sodium restriction (DSR) and frailty in later life. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between DSR and frailty in middle-aged and older adults. The 8-year follow-up data from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging, including 5131 individuals aged ≥50 years, were analyzed using random-effects panel logit models. DSR was evaluated by assessing whether the participants were told by a physician to reduce or avoid sodium intake from food. Three indices were used to measure frailty: the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) index, the Fried index, and the Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illness, and Loss of weight (FRAIL) index. Individuals with DSR were more likely to report frailty compared with those with non-DSR (SOF: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.46–2.27; Fried: AOR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.64–3.98; FRAIL: AOR = 2.66, 95% CI = 1.89–3.74). DSR was associated with a higher likelihood of SBF (AOR = 2.61, 95% CI = 1.61–4.22). We identified a temporal trajectory in our study, noting significant participant reactions to both short- and mid-term DSR. Future research should address the balance between frailty risk and cardiovascular risk related to DSR.
Targeting the CD24-Siglec10 Axis: A Potential Strategy for Cancer Immunotherapy

CD24, also known as heat-stable protein, is a highly glycosylated glycosylphosphatidylinositol junction membrane protein. CD24 specifically binds sialic-acid-binding Ig-like lectin 10 (Siglec10) on macrophages and serves as a “don’t eat me” signal, thus blocking the phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophages and triggering tumor immune escape. Blocking the CD24-Siglec10 axis to reprogram the tumor immune microenvironment is a current research hotspot in cancer immunotherapy. Targeting the CD24-Siglec10 axis has received widespread attention, because of the high expression of CD24 on a variety of tumor cells and absence of blood toxicity. Targeting the CD24-Siglec10 axis as a cancer immunotherapy has shown favorable results and progress in preclinical studies. In this review, we summarize the discovery and functions of the CD24-Siglec10 axis, and review the roles and effects of this axis as a novel immune checkpoint in cancer immunotherapy. We also highlight recent advances in nanoparticle-mediated treatments targeting the CD24-Siglec10 axis for enhancing cancer immunotherapy.
De Novo Design of Spiro-Type Hole-Transporting Material: Anisotropic Regulation Toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

2,2′,7,7′-Tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl)-amine-9,9′-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) represents the state-of-the-art hole-transporting material (HTM) in n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, its susceptibility to stability issues has been a long-standing concern. In this study, we embark on a comprehensive exploration of the untapped potential within the family of spiro-type HTMs using an innovative anisotropic regulation strategy. Diverging from conventional approaches that can only modify spirobifluorene with single functional group, this approach allows us to independently tailor the two orthogonal components of the spiro-skeleton at the molecular level. The newly designed HTM, SF-MPA-MCz, features enhanced thermal stability, precise energy level alignment, superior film morphology, and optimized interfacial properties when compared to Spiro-OMeTAD, which contribute to a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.53% for PSCs employing SF-MPA-MCz with substantially improved thermal stability and operational stability. Note that the optimal concentration for SF-MPA-MCz solution is only 30 mg/ml, significantly lower than Spiro-OMeTAD (>70 mg/ml), which could remarkably reduce the cost especially for large-area processing in future commercialization. This work presents a promising avenue for the versatile design of multifunctional HTMs, offering a blueprint for achieving efficient and stable PSCs.
PENGELOMPOKKAN KABUPATEN DI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH BERDASARKAN KARAKTERISTIK IKLIM MENGGUNAKAN FUZZY CLUSTERING

There are many factors affecting human life, one of which is climate. Differences in climatic conditions in each region result in differences in the environment in society. The differences are referred to as potential natural resources, livelihoods, and social cultural conditions. The climate has an impact on culture in terms of how people dress, the shape of houses, and so on. The regency group in Central Java Province is based on similarities in climate characteristics using fuzzy clustering. The data used were taken from Central Java Provincial Statistical Office in 2022.The results of district grouping in Central Java Province are based on similarities in climate characteristics using fuzzy clustering with 4 different number of clusters and the validity tests of the Partition Coefficient and Classification Entropy indices. Based on the results of the index validity test, the optimal grouping results are 2 clusters with a Partition Coefficient value of 0.911233 and a Classification Entropy value of 0.07979. The 1st cluster consists of 13 districts with a cluster center at 27.9°C for air temperature, 2418mm for rainfall, and 804% for keelThe 2nd cluster and airbase consist of 22 cluster central districts at 26.6 °C for air temperature, 4087 mm for rainfall, and 81.3% for humidity.
Anxiety and depression among cancer patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction Anxiety and depression are among the common comorbidities of people diagnosed with cancer. However, despite the progress in therapeutic options and outcomes, mental health care and support have lagged behind for cancer patients. Estimating the extent and determinants of mental health disorders among cancer patients is crucial to alert concerned bodies for action. In view of this, we aimed to determine the pooled prevalence and determinants of anxiety and depression among cancer patients in Ethiopia. Methods Relevant literatures were searched on PubMed, African Journals Online, Hinari, Epistemonikos, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Gray literature sources. Data were extracted into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using STATA 17 statistical software. The random effect model was used to summarize the pooled effect sizes with their respective 95% confidence intervals. The I2 statistics and Egger’s regression test in conjunction with the funnel plot were utilized to evaluate heterogeneity and publication bias among included studies respectively. Results A total of 17 studies with 5,592 participants were considered in this review. The pooled prevalence of anxiety and depression among cancer patients in Ethiopia were 45.10% (95% CI: 36.74, 53.45) and 42.96% (95% CI: 34.98, 50.93), respectively. Primary and above education (OR= 0.76, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.97), poor social support (OR= 2.27, 95% CI: 1.29, 3.98), occupational status (OR= 0.59; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.82), advanced cancer stage (OR= 2.19, 95% CI: 1.38, 3.47), comorbid illness (OR= 1.67; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.58) and poor sleep quality (OR= 11.34, 95% CI: 6.47, 19.89) were significantly associated with depression. Whereas, advanced cancer stage (OR= 1.59, 95% CI: 1.15, 2.20) and poor sleep quality (OR= 12.56, 95% CI: 6.4 1, 24.62) were the factors associated with anxiety. Conclusion This meta-analysis indicated that a substantial proportion of cancer patients suffer from anxiety and depression in Ethiopia. Educational status, occupational status, social support, cancer stage, comorbid illness and sleep quality were significantly associated with depression. Whereas, anxiety was predicted by cancer stage and sleep quality. Thus, the provision of comprehensive mental health support as a constituent of chronic cancer care is crucial to mitigate the impact and occurrence of anxiety and depression among cancer patients. Besides, families and the community should strengthen social support for cancer patients. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023468621.
The Venture Capital Investment Process in Greece: Some Evaluation Aspects

The term “Venture Capital” is quite new in Greece and in the beginning was referred only to the ventures of new innovative firms. Recently it has been expanded to include a wide range of financing, which already covers the existing developed firms. The Venture Capital was firstly appeared in U.S.A. in the early of 40’s and later in Europe in the early of 70’s. The foundation of venture capital firms was introduced with the laws No 1775/88 & No 2166/93, but due to their insufficient results the law No 2367/95 was instituted to reject the two previous in period of two years and to change the name of the venture capital firms. The purpose of this paper is to present the development of Venture Capital in Greece. The realization of this development was succeeded via a) a questionnaire, which was sent to all the venture capital firms of Greece and b) interviews, which were held to the managers of the venture capital firms. Consequently, the objective of this paper deals with the results of this research, which are: The development and the investment policy of the venture capital firms (geographical division of the invested amounts, sectorial division, type of venture capital (seed capital, start-up financing, etc ) The decision procedure, which is adopted by the venture capital firms (time-sharing of the venture capital process, evaluation criteria). Finally, the paper deals with the conclusions derived from this market research and the development perspectives of the venture capital firms in Greece.
Socioeconomic disparities and regional environment are associated with cervical lymph node metastases in children and adolescents with differentiated thyroid cancer: developing a web-based predictive model

Purpose To establish an online predictive model for the prediction of cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in children and adolescents with differentiated thyroid cancer (caDTC). And analyze the impact between socioeconomic disparities, regional environment and CLNM. Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinicopathological and sociodemographic data of caDTC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2000 to 2019. Risk factors for CLNM in caDTC were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression (LR). And use the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm and other commonly used ML algorithms to build CLNM prediction models. Model performance assessment and visualization were performed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Results In addition to common risk factors, our study found that median household income and living regional were strongly associated with CLNM. Whether in the training set or the validation set, among the ML models constructed based on these variables, the XGBoost model has the best predictive performance. After 10-fold cross-validation, the prediction performance of the model can reach the best, and its best AUROC value is 0.766 (95%CI: 0.745-0.786) in the training set, 0.736 (95%CI: 0.670-0.802) in the validation set, and 0.733 (95%CI: 0.683-0.783) in the test set. Based on this XGBoost model combined with SHAP method, we constructed a web-base predictive system. Conclusion The online prediction model based on the XGBoost algorithm can dynamically estimate the risk probability of CLNM in caDTC, so as to provide patients with personalized treatment advice.
On Lack of Robustness in Hydrological Model Development Due to Absence of Guidelines for Selecting Calibration and Evaluation Data: Demonstration for Data‐Driven Models

Hydrological models are used for a wide variety of engineering purposes, including streamflow forecasting and flood‐risk estimation. To develop such models, it is common to allocate the available data to calibration and evaluation data subsets. Surprisingly, the issue of how this allocation can affect model evaluation performance has been largely ignored in the research literature. This paper discusses the evaluation performance bias that can arise from how available data are allocated to calibration and evaluation subsets. As a first step to assessing this issue in a statistically rigorous fashion, we present a comprehensive investigation of the influence of data allocation on the development of data‐driven artificial neural network (ANN) models of streamflow. Four well‐known formal data splitting methods are applied to 754 catchments from Australia and the U.S. to develop 902,483 ANN models. Results clearly show that the choice of the method used for data allocation has a significant impact on model performance, particularly for runoff data that are more highly skewed, highlighting the importance of considering the impact of data splitting when developing hydrological models. The statistical behavior of the data splitting methods investigated is discussed and guidance is offered on the selection of the most appropriate data splitting methods to achieve representative evaluation performance for streamflow data with different statistical properties. Although our results are obtained for data‐driven models, they highlight the fact that this issue is likely to have a significant impact on all types of hydrological models, especially conceptual rainfall‐runoff models.
Temperature-dependent thermal transport properties of carbonate minerals and rocks

To address thermal processes involving carbonate rocks, we measured thermal diffusivity (D) of a suite of carbonate minerals and rocks using laser flash analysis at temperatures from ~300 K up to ~1000 K. For different minerals, D was governed by density or unit cell size. Near room temperature, for example, D ranged from 4.36 mm2 s–1 for magnesite to 1.61 mm2 s–1 for calcite. At any given temperature, D decreases from magnesite to dolomite to rhodochrosite to calcite. As temperature increases, D decreases for all samples, with the strongest drop occurring in the interval ~300–500 K. For rocks, mineralogy and porosity were also strong controls on rock D. Calcitic limestones showed proportionally lower D than the mineral, scaling with measured pore fraction, whereas dolomitized rocks produced higher D than calcitic rocks across the interval 300–600 K. Measurements of heat capacity and density were used to calculate thermal conductivity (k) for the suite, and these results show a stronger temperature dependence for k of carbonate rocks and minerals than previous studies, with k decreasing by ~50% between ambient and ~600 K. These results can strongly affect models of the geothermal gradient. Because dolomite conducts heat more efficiently across all measured temperatures than calcite, regions with large proportions of dolomitized rocks may have lower temperatures at depth than those dominated by calcitic carbonates. Additionally, the strong temperature dependence of carbonate rocks introduces the potential for feedback relationships in high heat–producing or thin crust, suggesting that carbonate-dominated crust could have higher temperatures at depth than previously thought. This strong temperature dependence also has implications for the duration of metamorphic events such as metasomatism driving skarn mineralization, or contact metamorphism resulting from intrusion of an igneous body.
Primary School Teachers’ Knowledge of Assessment and their Achievement: An Experimental Study

The study used one group pre-test and post-test experimental design to find out the effect of teachers’ Content Knowledge of assessment techniques on their performance on assessment related test at primary school level. The study sampled 140 primary school teachers grouped into 5 clusters in rural areas of a district in Punjab province. Assessment strategies related training module was developed and the second author conducted intervention of the study. The teachers took the pre-tests and post-tests on assessment related content knowledge. The paired samples t-test and descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the data. The study found that achievement scores of the teachers in post-test were better than pre-test in the area of assessment. The study revealed that there was significant difference in the achievement scores which demonstrated the effect of professional development training on the teachers’ knowledge about assessment techniques at primary school level. The study recommended to conduct the professional development trainings of primary school teachers on the regular basis to improve the content knowledge about assessment techniques in Pakistan
Overconfidence, Time-on-Task, and Medical Errors: Is There a Relationship?

Background Literature suggest that physicians’ high level of confidence has a negative impact on medical decisions, and this may lead to medical errors. Experimental research is lacking; however, this study investigated the effects of high confidence on diagnostic accuracy. Methods Forty internal medicine residents from different hospitals in Saudi Arabia were divided randomly into two groups: A high-confidence group as an experimental and a low-confidence group acting as a control. Both groups solved each of eight written complex clinical vignettes. Before diagnosing these cases, the high-confidence group was led to believe that the task was easy, while the low-confidence group was presented with information from which it could deduce that the diagnostic task was difficult. Level of confidence, response time, and diagnostic accuracy were recorded. Results The participants in the high-confidence group had a significantly higher confidence level than those in the control group: 0.75 compared to 0.61 (maximum 1.00). However, neither time on task nor diagnostic accuracy significantly differed between the two groups. Conclusion In the literature, high confidence as one of common cognitive biases has a strong association with medical error. Even though the high-confidence group spent somewhat less time on the cases, suggesting potential premature decision-making, we failed to find differences in diagnostic accuracy. It is suggested that overconfidence should be studied as a personality trait rather than as a malleable characteristic.
Influence of oceanographic conditions on coastal zooplankton assemblages at three IMOS National Reference Stations in Western Australia

Despite the importance of zooplankton in providing vital information about ocean-climate forcing in marine systems, knowledge of the planktonic zoogeography of the south-east Indian Ocean is limited. The dominant oceanographic feature in this region is the anomalous poleward flowing Leeuwin Current, which transports warm, tropical waters south along the Western Australian coast, and follows a trajectory that crosses thirteen degrees of latitude, from the tropical north to the temperate south. This study examined two years of data collected by Australia’s Integrated Marine Observing System at three unique locations in Western Australian coastal ocean waters between 22°S and 34°S. Spatial and temporal patterns in zooplankton abundance, composition and diversity were investigated, with a focus on copepods, and differences in assemblage structure were related to oceanographic conditions. Clear distinctions in copepod assemblages were observed, becoming weaker in winter due to enhanced connectivity driven by alongshore and crossshelf transport of species in the Leeuwin Current. Both physical and biogeochemical factors were revealed to be significant in shaping copepod assemblages, with seawater density, an indication of water mass, exerting the greatest influence. The results suggest that both broad scale latitudinal gradients and mesoscale events contribute to variation in dissimilarities of zooplankton assemblages in these waters. This study provides the first detailed comparison of zooplankton assemblages in the northwest, southwest and southern coastal waters of Western Australia, and enhances understanding of the processes influencing zooplankton distribution and structure.
Biodiversity patterns and conservation of the coastal forests of Eastern Africa

The earth is in the midst of a sixth major extinction crisis with biodiversity highly threatened by climate change at global scales. Biodiversity is crucial to humans due to the ecosystem functioning and services it provides, and therefore the conservation of biodiversity is paramount to human prosperity in in the future. This PhD thesis uses amphibians to examine biodiversity patterns across the Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa (CFEA), a global biodiversity hotspot. The CFEA comprises of a network of tiny fragmented forest patches thought to be the remnants of a once widespread tropical forest that spanned across tropical Africa from West to East prior to major tectonic activity in the Miocene. The gradual aridification of the African continent since then, combined with significant climate and sea level oscillations during the Pliocene and Pleistocene contributed to the natural fragmentation of the CFEA, but human impacts have severely accelerated the pace of forest loss. The work in this thesis integrates field work, taxonomy, morphology, molecular techniques and spatial data to measure biodiversity across the CFEA, explain its distribution and provide a conceptual framework in which this data can be usefully applied for future conservation efforts. A broad scale DNA barcoding project forms the basis of all work in the thesis, assimilating museum specimens and archived spatial records with newly collected data from recent fieldwork to create the most thorough inventory of the CFEA amphibians currently known. Chapter 1 focuses on the use of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) data for five widespread species clades to estimate phylogeny and population structure, genetic distances between populations, and explain these patterns using long-term environmental data. Chapter 2 maps the spatial distribution of evolutionary history measured from phylogenetic branch lengths for multiple intraspecific lineages within species, highlighting places which appear to be refugia and examining their environmental correlates and conservation. Chapter 3 uses close to the full assemblage of Tanzania and Kenya (55 species) to categorize the types of endemism present, distinguishing areas that are ‘museums’ supporting ancient diversity (paleo-endemism) from ‘cradles’ that support recently evolved diversity (neo-endemism). Chapter 4 combines morphological, genetic and spatial data to describe a new endemic species of treefrog, Hyperolius ruvuensis, from a highly threatened reserve in coastal Tanzania. A synthesis chapter summarises the work in the thesis and outlines new directions for CFEA conservation.