Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Very large breathing effect in the first nanoporous chromium(III)-based solids: MIL-53 or Cr(III)(OH) x [O(2)C-C(6)H(4)-CO(2)] x [HO(2)C-C(6)H(4)-CO(2)H](x) x H(2)O(y).

The first three-dimensional chromium(III) dicarboxylate, MIL-53as or Cr(III)(OH) x [O(2)C-C(6)H(4)-CO(2)]. [HO(2)C-C(6)H(4)-CO(2)H](0.75), has been obtained under hydrothermal conditions (as: as-synthesized). The free acid can be removed by calcination giving the resulting solid, MIL-53ht or Cr(III)(OH) x [O(2)C-C(6)H(4)-CO(2)]. At room temperature, MIL-53ht adsorbs atmospheric water immediately to give Cr(III)(OH) x [O(2)C-C(6)H(4)-CO(2)] x H(2)O or MIL-53lt (lt: low-temperature form, ht: high-temperature form). Both structures, which have been determined by using X-ray powder diffraction data, are built up from chains of chromium(III) octahedra linked through terephthalate dianions. This creates a three-dimensional structure with an array of one-dimensional large pore channels filled with free disordered terephthalic molecules (MIL-53as) or water molecules (MIL-53lt); when the free molecules are removed, this leads to a nanoporous solid (MIL-53ht) with a Langmuir surface area over 1500 m(2)/g. The transition between the hydrated form (MIL-53lt) and the anhydrous solid (MIL-53ht) is fully reversible and followed by a very high breathing effect (more than 5 A), the pores being clipped in the presence of water molecules (MIL-53lt) and reopened when the channels are empty (MIL-53ht). The thermal behavior of the two solids has been investigated using TGA and X-ray thermodiffractometry. The sorption properties of MIL-53lt have also been studied using several organic solvents. Finally, magnetism measurements performed on MIL-53as and MIL-53lt revealed that these two phases are antiferromagnetic with Néel temperatures T(N) of 65 and 55 K, respectively. Crystal data for MIL-53as is as follows: orthorhombic space group Pnam with a = 17.340(1) A, b = 12.178(1) A, c = 6.822(1) A, and Z = 4. Crystal data for MIL-53ht is as follows: orthorhombic space group Imcm with a = 16.733(1) A, b = 13.038(1) A, c = 6.812(1) A, and Z = 4. Crystal data for MIL-53lt is as follows: monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 19.685(4) A, b = 7.849(1) A, c = 6.782(1) A, beta = 104.90(1) degrees, and Z = 4.
Relationship Between Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Dysfunction, Development, and Life Extension in Caenorhabditis elegans

Prior studies have shown that disruption of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) function in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans can result in life extension. Counter to these findings, many mutations that disrupt ETC function in humans are known to be pathologically life-shortening. In this study, we have undertaken the first formal investigation of the role of partial mitochondrial ETC inhibition and its contribution to the life-extension phenotype of C. elegans. We have developed a novel RNA interference (RNAi) dilution strategy to incrementally reduce the expression level of five genes encoding mitochondrial proteins in C. elegans: atp-3, nuo-2, isp-1, cco-1, and frataxin (frh-1). We observed that each RNAi treatment led to marked alterations in multiple ETC components. Using this dilution technique, we observed a consistent, three-phase lifespan response to increasingly greater inhibition by RNAi: at low levels of inhibition, there was no response, then as inhibition increased, lifespan responded by monotonically lengthening. Finally, at the highest levels of RNAi inhibition, lifespan began to shorten. Indirect measurements of whole-animal oxidative stress showed no correlation with life extension. Instead, larval development, fertility, and adult size all became coordinately affected at the same point at which lifespan began to increase. We show that a specific signal, initiated during the L3/L4 larval stage of development, is sufficient for initiating mitochondrial dysfunction–dependent life extension in C. elegans. This stage of development is characterized by the last somatic cell divisions normally undertaken by C. elegans and also by massive mitochondrial DNA expansion. The coordinate effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on several cell cycle–dependent phenotypes, coupled with recent findings directly linking cell cycle progression with mitochondrial activity in C. elegans, lead us to propose that cell cycle checkpoint control plays a key role in specifying longevity of mitochondrial mutants.
Diabetic Neuroglial Changes in the Superficial and Deep Nonperfused Areas on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Purpose To evaluate the relationship between lamellar capillary nonperfusion on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images and neuroglial changes on structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) images in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods We retrospectively reviewed 101 consecutive eyes of 69 patients with DR. OCTA and OCT images within a 3 × 3-mm square centered on the fovea were acquired simultaneously. The nonperfused areas (NPAs) in the superficial capillary layer (sNPA) (from the nerve fiber layer [NFL] to the inner plexiform layer [IPL]), the deep layer (dNPA) (corresponding mainly to the inner nuclear layer [INL]), or both layers (bNPA) were measured individually along 10 transverse lines. The corresponding lamellar neuroglial changes also were evaluated on OCT images. Results The transverse lengths of the sNPA, dNPA, and bNPA were 2.34% (interquartile range, 0.81-5.55), 0.61% (0-1.99), and 5.96% (4.02-10.88), respectively. The length of the sNPA was correlated significantly with the lengths of no boundary between the NFL and ganglion cell layer (GCL)/IPL and the spots with inverted OCT reflectivity in the sNPA. The transverse length of the dNPA was associated with the length of cystoid spaces in the INL or Henle's fiber layer (HFL) in the dNPA. There was a significant correlation between the transverse lengths of the bNPA and no boundary between the NFL and GCL/IPL within the bNPA. Conclusions Systematic evaluation of the OCTA-OCT association showed structural changes in the neuroglial tissues corresponding to the lamellar NPAs and suggested the feasibility of layer-by-layer evaluation of the capillary nonperfusion in DR.
Application of twitter in health care sector for India

One of the reasons of exponential growth of unstructured data is increasing popularity of various social media and blogging sites. This vast amount of data can be utilized to form insights and take necessary actions. While it has been extensively used in developed countries, there has been a lack of focused studies based on tweets in context of India. In this paper, 15K + Tweets have been collected using an efficient method and the same has been used to answer few relevant questions about Indian Healthcare. The study seems to be quite effective and a repository of such tweets can be built for a more holistic and structured analysis.
Bioinformatics analysis of the serine and glycine pathway in cancer cells

Serine and glycine are amino acids that provide the essential precursors for the synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. Employing 3 subsequent enzymes, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH), phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1), 3-phosphoglycerate from glycolysis can be converted in serine, which in turn can by converted in glycine by serine methyl transferase (SHMT). Besides proving precursors for macromolecules, serine/glycine biosynthesis is also required for the maintenance of cellular redox state. Therefore, this metabolic pathway has a pivotal role in proliferating cells, including cancer cells. In the last few years an emerging literature provides genetic and functional evidences that hyperactivation of serine/glycine biosynthetic pathway drives tumorigenesis. Here, we extend these observations performing a bioinformatics analysis using public cancer datasets. Our analysis highlighted the relevance of PHGDH and SHMT2 expression as prognostic factor for breast cancer, revealing a substantial ability of these enzymes to predict patient survival outcome. However analyzing patient datasets of lung cancer our analysis reveled that some other enzymes of the pathways, rather than PHGDH, might be associated to prognosis. Although these observations require further investigations they might suggest a selective requirement of some enzymes in specific cancer types, recommending more cautions in the development of novel translational opportunities and biomarker identification of human cancers.
Stable Individual Profiles of Daily Timing of Migratory Restlessness in European Quail

Temporal characteristics of migratory behavior in birds are usually studied at the species and population levels, and rarely at the individual level. Variations among species and populations of the seasonal onset of migratory behavior have been widely investigated, but very little is known about its daily organization or whether birds are conservative in their behavior. The determination of intra‐ and inter‐individual variability is important for the study of genetic variations and can reveal the existence of different adaptation capacities within populations. This laboratory study analyzed intra‐ and inter‐individual variability of daily initiation and time course of nocturnal restlessness in partial‐migrant European quail (Coturnix coturnix coturnix). Thirty‐five quail were selected randomly from a captive stock, and their spring activity was recorded under natural daylenghs. Eighteen of the thirty‐five quail presented behavioral profiles of migrant birds. Migrant birds initiated their nocturnal activity punctually, and the time courses of the nocturnal activity of 88% of them revealed intra‐individual stability over six consecutive nights. All birds initiated their nocturnal activity after sunset and civil twilight, and they were more active at the beginning than the middle or end of the night, suggesting that their drive to migrate could be synchronized with particular skylight conditions. For the first time, stable individual profiles in the daily time course of migratory restlessness are shown. These results support previous findings concerning biological rhythms of quail and raise questions concerning the timing of migratory behavior.
Using observation uncertainty in HMM decoding

This paper proposes a new technique for adapting Hidden Markov Model (HMM) speech recognition systems to additive environmentalnoise by incorporating information about the uncertainty of observations. Current techniques, such as the Parallel Model Combination (PMC) algorithm [1], are successful in steady state noise environments. However, the computational requirements both in processing time and memory prevent its widespread use in continuouslyadaptive systems, necessary for environments with changing background noise. This paper presents an approach that refor-mulates the model combination technique to update the each observation instead of the model. As in PMC, a model of the background is generated during nonspeech times. This is used for each input frame to generate a pdf describing the original clean signal, given the noise model. The HMM decoding algorithm is extended as in [2, 3] to allow pdf inputs, and recognition results are presented that show this technique compares favorably with PMC in unchanging noise environments, but has signiﬁcant beneﬁts in changing noise.
Situation awareness as a mental state

In situation analysis (SA), an agent observing a scene receives information from heterogeneous sources of information including for example remote sensing devices, human reports and databases. The aim of this agent is to reach a certain level of awareness of the situation in order to make decisions. For the purpose of applications, this state of awareness can be conceived as a state of knowledge in the classical epistemic logic sense. Considering the logical connection between belief and knowledge, the challenge for the designer is to transform the raw, imprecise, conflictual and often paradoxical information received from the different sources into statements understandable by both man and machines. Hence, quantitative (i.e. measuring the world) and qualitative (i.e. reasoning about the structure of the world) information processing coexist in SA. A great challenge in SA is the conciliation of both aspects in mathematical and logical frameworks. As a consequence, SA applications need frameworks general enough to take into account the different types of uncertainty and information present in the SA context, doubled with a semantics allowing meaningful reasoning on situations. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the capacity of neutrosophic logic and DezertSmarandache theory (DSmT) to cope with the ontological and epistemological problems of SA.
Soluble HLA-G Inhibits Cell Cycle Progression in Human Alloreactive T Lymphocytes1

HLA-G is involved in regulating T cell responses. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the inhibition of T cell proliferation. In this context, the possible role of HLA-G in cell cycle regulation remains to be explored. Using stably transfected M8 cells expressing the secreted isoform (HLA-G5) of HLA-G, we investigated the role of HLA-G in inducing apoptosis and in controlling the cell cycle of activated T cells. Soluble HLA-G (HLA-G5) inhibited both CD4 and CD8 T cell proliferation. However, HLA-G5 did not induce T cell apoptosis, as determined by 3,3′-diethyloxacarbocyanine and propidium iodine labeling. It induced accumulation of the retinoblastoma protein, but not its phosphorylated and active form. Treatment of activated T cells with HLA-G5 also reduced the amounts of cyclin D2, E, A, and B by >80%. In contrast, it induced an accumulation of p27kip, but not p21cip, in activated T cells. HLA-G does not induce apoptosis of alloreactive T cells, but induces p27kip1 and inhibits cell cycle progression.
Super-long aligned TiO2/carbon nanotube arrays

5 mm long aligned titanium oxide/carbon nanotube (TiO2/CNT) coaxial nanowire arrays have been prepared by electrochemically coating the constituent CNTs with a uniform layer of highly crystalline anatase TiO2 nanoparticles. While the presence of the TiO2 coating was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction, the resultant TiO2/CNT coaxial arrays were demonstrated to exhibit minimized recombination of photoinduced electron–hole pairs and fast electron transfer from the long TiO2/CNT arrays to external circuits. This, in conjunction with the aligned macrostructure, facilitates the fabrication of TiO2/CNT arrays for various device applications, ranging from photodetectors to photocatalytic systems. Thus, the millimeter long TiO2/CNT arrays represent a significant advance in the development of new macroscopic photoelectronic nanomaterials attractive for a variety of device applications beyond those demonstrated in this study.
Cross-framework parser stacking for data-driven dependency parsing

In this article, we present and evaluate an approach to the combination of a grammar- driven and a data-driven parser which exploits machine learning for the acquisition of syntactic analyses guided by both parsers. We show how conversion of LFG output to dependency repre- sentation allows for a technique of parser stacking, whereby the output of the grammar-driven parser supplies features for a data-driven dependency parser. We evaluate on English and Ger- man and show signicant improvements in overall parse results stemming from the proposed dependency structure as well as other linguistic features derived from the grammars. Finally, we perform an application-oriented evaluation and explore the use of the stacked parsers as the basis for the projection of dependency annotation to a new language. R…SUM…. Dans cet article, nous prOsentons et Ovaluons une approche permettant de combiner un analyseur fondO sur une grammaire et un analyseur fondO sur des donnOes, en utilisant des mOthodes d'apprentissage automatique pour produire des analyses syntaxiques guidOes par les deux analyseurs. Nous montrons comment la conversion de la sortie d'un analyseur LFG en une reprOsentation en dOpendances permet d'utiliser une technique d'empilement d'analyseurs ("parser stacking"), dans laquelle la sortie de l'analyseur fondO sur une grammaire fournit des caractOristiques utilisables par un analyseur fondO sur les donnOes. Nous Ovaluons notre approche sur l'anglais et l'allemand, et montrons des amOliorations signicatives pour les rO- sultats d'analyses syntaxiques compltes qui dOcoulent de l'analyse en dOpendances ainsi que des caractOristiques provenant de grammaires. Enn, nous procOdons ‡ une Ovaluation dOdiOe ‡ une application, et explorons l'utilisation de cet empilement d'analyseurs comme point de dOpart pour l'annotation en dOpendances d'une nouvelle langue.
SERPINB2 down‐regulation contributes to chemoresistance in head and neck cancer

Resistance to cisplatin‐based chemotherapy is responsible for the majority of deaths from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this study, using genome‐wide gene expression analysis to investigate potential molecular mediators of HNSCC chemoresistance, we identified SERPINB2, a known inhibitor of extracellular serine proteinase urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA), as an important candidate. Whereas SERPINB2 is known to function as a suppressor of uPA molecular cascades, many of which play important roles in tumor invasion and metastasis, a role for SERPINB2 in cancer drug resistance has not been examined. By using quantitative real‐time PCR and Western blot analysis, we determined that SERPINB2 mRNA and protein levels correlated with chemoresistance in HNSCC cell lines, and significantly lower SERPINB2 expression levels were observed in two cisplatin resistant HNSCC subclones compared to their isogenic drug‐sensitive parental lines. Immunohistochemical analysis of HNSCC tumor tissues from patients treated with neoadjuvant cisplatin‐based chemotherapy (n = 67 cases) revealed a significant association between SERPINB2 protein levels, tumor differentiation and patient relapse. Moreover, SERPINB2 down‐regulation was a strong predictor of reduced overall survival in patients with HNSCC who received cisplatin‐based chemotherapy (P = 0.001, log rank test). Studies using either siRNA‐mediated down‐regulation or forced over‐expression of SERPINB2 in HNSCC cell lines confirmed a functional role for SERPINB2 in drug resistance. The findings were further supported using chemical inhibitors of STAT3 activity (a downstream effecter of uPAR signaling pathway), showing that STAT3 suppression altered HNSCC cell line cisplatin sensitivity. This is the first report on a role for SERPINB2 in acquired resistance to cisplatin in patients with HNSCC. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel Relay Selection Strategies for Cooperative NOMA

In this paper, we consider non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) relaying networks, where one base station communicates with two mobile users with the aid of multiple relays. We propose a two-stage relay selection strategy for NOMA networks with decode-and-forward (DF) and amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying protocols with different quality of service requirements at the users, respectively. Then, the outage probabilities of the NOMA two-stage DF and AF schemes are obtained in closed-form expressions, and the diversity order is determined based on their asymptotic expressions at high signal-to-noise ratio. Both of the developed analytical results and carried out computer simulations show that NOMA two-stage DF (AF) relaying is superior to existing relay selection strategies developed for cooperative NOMA and orthogonal multiple access networks.
SHORT COMMUNICATION Detectability, movements and apparent lack of homing in Hoplodactylus maculatus (Reptilia: Diplodactylidae) following translocation

Translocation is an important tool in the conservation of New Zealand reptiles. Despite this, it is generally not known how Hoplodactylus geckos respond to being translocated, partly because they are difficult to monitor. In this opportunistic study, 11 common geckos (H. maculatus) were captured from a site at Birdlings Flat (South Island, New Zealand) that was destined for destruction, and released in native coastal shrubland 1 km away. Geckos were sampled monthly using pitfall traps and artificial retreats, with only the latter method yielding captures. Ten out of 11 translocated geckos remained at the release site, and translocated animals moved equivalent distances to resident geckos (n = 13) over a 1-year period following translocation. Although studies spanning multiple decades may be needed to determine whether translocations of Hoplodactylus geckos are ultimately successful given their life-history traits, the development of an effective detection method is nonetheless a useful contribution.
Classical Indicators in the 21st Century—Far and Beyond the Coliform

Indicators have been used for many years to designate the microbiological quality of water. In 1914, the U.S. Public Health Service set a standard that required that drinking water show no evidence of coliform organisms (U.S. Treasury Department, 1914). Today, almost 100 years later, drinking waters in the United States must meet the standards established in the Total Coliform Rule, which requires that drinking water show no evidence of the presence of total coliform bacteria in 100 mL of water (U.S. EPA, 1989). However, as limitations with the use of coliforms have become apparent and the applications for indicator microorganisms have expanded, new indicators have been proposed and, in some cases, adopted, for specific purposes, as discussed in detail in a number of recent reports (i.e., National Research Council, 2004; World Health Organization, 2003).
Cognitive Predictors of Word and Pseudoword Reading in Spanish First-Grade Children

The study examines the individual and combined contribution of several cognitive variables (phonemic awareness, phonological memory, and alphanumeric and non-alphanumeric rapid naming) to word and pseudoword reading ability among first-grade Spanish children. Participants were 116 Spanish-speaking children aged 6 years and without special educational needs, all of whom were attending schools in a medium socioeconomic area. Descriptive/exploratory and bivariate analyses were performed with the data derived from three measures of reading ability (accuracy, speed, and efficiency), and hierarchical multivariate regression models were constructed. In general, the results confirm that, with the exception of non-alphanumeric rapid naming, the cognitive variables studied are predictors of reading performance for words and pseudowords, although their influence differs depending on the reading measures and type of linguistic unit considered. Phonemic awareness, phonological memory, and alphanumeric rapid naming were the best predictors of reading accuracy for words and pseudowords. Variability in the other two measures of reading ability (speed and efficiency) was best explained by alphanumeric rapid naming. These results suggest that reading is a complex skill that depends on different types of cognitive variables according to the age and/or level of the reader, the type of orthography and the type of measure used. Furthermore, they highlight the need to provide instruction in these processes from an early age so as to address or prevent the problems that children may present.