Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamics with Inequalities: Impacts and Hard Constraints

This is the only book that comprehensively addresses dynamics with inequalities. The author develops the theory and application of dynamical systems that incorporate some kind of hard inequality constraint, such as mechanical systems with impact; electrical circuits with diodes (as diodes permit current flow in only one direction); and social and economic systems that involve natural or imposed limits (such as traffic flow, which can never be negative, or inventory, which must be stored within a given facility). Dynamics with Inequalities: Impacts and Hard Constraints demonstrates that hard limits eschewed in most dynamical models are natural models for many dynamic phenomena, and there are ways of creating differential equations with hard constraints that provide accurate models of many physical, biological, and economic systems. The author discusses how finite- and infinite-dimensional problems are treated in a unified way so the theory is applicable to both ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations. Audience: This book is intended for applied mathematicians, engineers, physicists, and economists studying dynamical systems with hard inequality constraints. Contents: Preface; Chapter 1: Some Examples; Chapter 2: Static Problems; Chapter 3: Formalisms; Chapter 4: Variations on the Theme; Chapter 5: Index Zero and Index One; Chapter 6: Index Two: Impact Problems; Chapter 7: Fractional Index Problems; Chapter 8: Numerical Methods; Appendix A: Some Basics of Functional Analysis; Appendix B: Convex and Nonsmooth Analysis; Appendix C: Differential Equations
SPME-GC-MS and PTR-ToF-MS Techniques for the Profiling of the Metabolomic Pattern of VOCs and GC-MS for the Determination of the Cannabinoid Content of Three Cultivars of Cannabis sativa L. Pollen

Considering the large number of volatile molecules that characterize Cannabis sativa L. , adequate investigation supported by the application of robust and effective analytical methods is essential to better understand the impact of these low- and medium-molecular-weight molecules on the entire phytocomplex. This work aimed to characterize the volatile fraction of the chemical profile of three different cultivars of Cannabis sativa L. pollen, grown in Italy, which were thoroughly investigated by the application of two complementary techniques: SPME-GC-MS and PTR-ToF-MS. Furthermore, in order to provide more information on the chemical profile of the matrices under study, the cannabinoid content of the hexane extracts was also measured by GC-MS. Until now, no similar study, in terms of survey techniques applied, has been performed on C. sativa pollen. The obtained results showed a high content of volatile molecules, which differentiated the three matrices. The data relating to the content of cannabinoids were also interesting as they showed that one of the three cultivars was richer than the others. Finally, an in-depth statistical survey was performed to better compare the investigated samples and identify the molecules that most contribute to differentiating them. The findings of this study may be useful for integrating the compositional information on C. sativa L.
On the integrability properties of variable coefficient Korteweg-de Vries equations

All variable coefficient Korteweg – de Vries (KdV) equations with three-dimensional Lie point symmetry groups are investigated. For such an equation to have the Painleve property, its coefficients must satisfy seven independent partial differential equations. All of them are satisfied only for equations equivalent to the KdV equation itself. However, most of them are satisfied in all cases. If the symmetry algebra is either simple, or nilpotent, then the equations have families of single-valued solutions depending on two arbitrary functions of time. Symmetry reduction is used to obtain particular solutions. The reduced ordinary differential equations are classified.
Effect of Upper Limb Motor Rehabilitation on Cognition in Parkinson’s Disease: An Observational Study

Parkinson’s disease is characterized by motor and cognitive deficits that usually have an impact on quality of life and independence. To reduce impairment, various rehabilitation programs have been proposed, but their effects on both cognitive and motor aspects have not been systematically investigated. Furthermore, most intervention is focused on lower limb treatment rather than upper limbs. In the present study, we investigated the effect of 3-week upper limb vibratory stimulation training on cognitive functioning in 20 individuals with Parkinson’s disease. We analyzed cognitive (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Trial Making Test, Digit Symbol, Digit Span Forward and Backward and Alertness) and motor performance (Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale—part III; Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire) before treatment, at the end of treatment and one month post treatment. After rehabilitation, a statistically significant improvement was observed in terms of global cognitive status, attention, global motor functioning and disability. The results suggest an impact of upper limb motor rehabilitation on cognition in Parkinson’s disease. Future studies on neuromotor interventions should investigate their effects on cognitive functioning to improve understanding of cognitive motor interaction in Parkinson’s disease.
Correlation between optimized thicknesses of capping layer and thin metal electrode for efficient top‐emitting blue organic light‐emitting diodes

The optical properties of the materials composing organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are considered when designing the optical structure of OLEDs. Optical design is related to the optical properties, such as the efficiency, emission spectra, and color coordinates of OLED devices because of the microcavity effect in top‐emitting OLEDs. In this study, the properties of top‐emitting blue OLEDs were optimized by adjusting the thicknesses of the thin metal layer and capping layer (CPL). Deep blue emission was achieved in an OLED structure with a second cavity length, even when the transmittance of the thin metal layer was high. The thin metal film thickness ranges applicable to OLEDs with a second microcavity structure are wide. Instead, the thickness of the thin metal layer determines the optimized thickness of the CPL for high efficiency. A thinner metal layer means that higher efficiency can be obtained in OLED devices with a second microcavity structure. In addition, OLEDs with a thinner metal layer showed less color change as a function of the viewing angle.
Effect of Hands-On Science Activities on Students’ Academic Achievement and Scientific Attitude

In this study, it is aimed to investigate whether the science course taught by using simple tools has an effect on academic achievement and attitude towards science. For this purpose, a quasi-experimental model with pretest-posttest control group was used. The study group of this research consists of a total of 40 students, 21 (52.5%) girls and 19 (47.5%) boys, studying in a secondary school in the southeast of Turkey in the 2021-2022 academic year. The “Force and Energy achievement test” was used to determine the effect of science activities with simple tools on the academic achievement of students. the “Attitude towards Science Scale” was used in order to determine students’ attitudes towards science. The data obtained from the data collection tools used in the study were analyzed with the SPSS program. As a result of the research, it was determined that the activities performed with simple tools were effective in student success. This shows that the activities made with simple equipment are more effective on the academic success of the student than the traditional method. In the study, a significant difference was found in favor of the experimental group when the scientific attitude scale results of the control group taught with the traditional approach and the science activities performed with simple tools and the experimental group were compared. In conclusion, it was determined that science activities made with simple tools from student diaries create positive attitudes.
An Ectothermic Approach to Heating and Cooling in Buildings

The built environment is responsible for nearly 40% of global energy use, significantly contributing to carbon emissions. Targeting a carbon-negative future would require a rethinking of the way we heat and cool buildings, distancing ourselves from the predominant model for the building envelope as a boundary that excludes the weather and instead adopting alternatives that transform the building envelope to a mediator that actively regulates heat exchange. In this paper, we explore the potential for a building boundary that actively heats and cools a building by forming dynamic relationships with surroundings. Most decarbonizing efforts today focus on realizing net-zero operational carbon either via the production and distribution of renewable energy or via passive house strategies that target the reduction of the active energy demand. We propose a third alternative. Instead of an endothermic model for heating and cooling in which energy is brought in the interior, transformed by a mechanical system and then distributed, we propose an ectothermic envelope system that dynamically forms a relationship with its environment, by choosing to absorb or release heat directly from or to the environment. From a design perspective, we will show a modular building energy system, comprised of a double hydronic heating and cooling layer. In essence, we are developing for a building, the equivalent to a vascular system that can move liquids at different locations to thermo-regulate. We will show how this vascular system can use ambient heat as heating and cooling sources for a building. From a more technical perspective, since all simulation tools available today assume an endothermic approach, we will show an alternative using Modelica and co-simulation for simulating an ectothermic approach. We are developing a weather chamber, which can generate an artificial version of the weather from data to test how our system would dynamically respond.
Wear Comfort Characteristics of Al2O3/ATO/TiO2-Embedded Multi-Functional PET Fabrics

The wear comfort of Al2O3/ATO (antimony tin oxide, Sb2SnO5)/TiO2-embedded fabrics was examined in terms of the heat shielding property of ATO particles and emissivity of far-infrared (FIR) radiation according to the sheath/core ratio (wt. %) of Al2O3 and ATO particles embedded in the sheath/core yarns. The thermal radiation of the low-core-ratio (50 wt. %) Al2O3/ATO-embedded fabric was greater than that of the high-core-ratio (70 wt. %) Al2O3/ATO-embedded fabric, which was verified by the higher FIR emissivity. The heat-shielding effect of the ATO particles in the highly Al2O3/ATO-embedded yarns enabled it to shield the FIR emitted from sunlight, resulting in lower emissivity and emissive power of the highly embedded Al2O3/ATO yarn than lower embedded yarn. Accordingly, lower Al2O3/ATO-embedded yarns are required to obtain excellent thermal radiation of the fabrics. The fabric with a low core ratio (50 wt. %) exhibited superior moisture absorption, fast-drying properties, and a higher heat retention rate than fabrics with a high core ratio (70 wt. %). Furthermore, the fabric with a low core ratio exhibited superior breathability to the fabric with a high core ratio, resulting in easy moisture vapor permeability. These findings show that the fabric with a low core ratio (50%) of Al2O3/ATO particles imparts superior absorption, moisture vapor permeability, and thermal wear comfort to the high-core-ratio fabric (70%), giving it a comfortable wear-comfort feel while wearing the clothing. Hence, low-core-ratio yarn is suitable for warm-up fabric with UV-protection and anti-static characteristics.
Primary School Teachers’ Music Course Competencies on the Axis of the Teachers’ Perspectives and the Curriculum

In this study, it was aimed to determine the proficiency of primary school teachers in music courses. The case study model, which is among the qualitative research methods, was used in this research. In the process of collecting data; the expected teacher competencies in the primary school 1,2,3 and 4th grade music textbooks and the competencies gained in the music teaching course of the Higher Education Council 2018 primary school teaching undergraduate program were specified and compared. Within the scope of this research, interviews were conducted with eight music education experts who previously delivered music lessons in the primary school teaching department and the results of the interviews were analyzed. As a result of the research, it has been determined that 22 different competencies are expected for a primary school teacher to be able to conduct music lessons at all levels of primary schools, but the competencies by the undergraduate program do not provide the six of expected competencies. As a result of expert opinions, it was concluded that most of the expected competencies cannot be gained in a one-semester course period and accordingly a qualified education is not possible. The data obtained from the research were exhibited under the relevant headings and in the light of these results, suggestions were made regarding the current situation and the future of music education.
Control of the Edge Transport with the Ergodic Divertor

The diffusion and the exponential divergence of neighbouring trajectories which characterize the stochastic magnetic field are reviewed. The effect of these properties on heat and current transport leads to an increase of the radial heat diffusivity and a reduction of the toroidal electric conductivity. The finite connection length to the wall in the perturbed layer determines the regular heat and particle deposition pattern.
On the Signature of a Path in an Operator Algebra

We introduce a class of operators associated with the signature of a smooth path $X$ with values in a $C^{\star}$ algebra $\mathcal{A}$. These operators serve as the basis of Taylor expansions of solutions to controlled differential equations of interest in noncommutative probability. They are defined by fully contracting iterated integrals of $X$, seen as tensors, with the product of $\mathcal{A}$. Were it considered that partial contractions should be included, we explain how these operators yield a trajectory on a group of representations of a combinatorial Hopf monoid. To clarify the role of partial contractions, we build an alternative group-valued trajectory whose increments embody full-contractions operators alone. We obtain therefore a notion of signature, which seems more appropriate for noncommutative probability.
Digital Storytelling as a Resource for Reducing Students’ Emotional Burnout

The emotional well-being of students has been identified as an important learning dimension even before the COVID-19 pandemic, as it increases students’ academic and non-academic achievement, as well as promotes the growth of students’ personalities. In higher education, the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of emotional well-being has identified significant risks from two points of view: the first is the abrupt termination of on-the-job training, and the second is the remote learning process. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic has become an extraordinary and challenging pedagogical situation for both educators and students. This situation is characterized by both isolation and uncertainty in the implementation of the learning process, as well as exponentially increased students’ independent workload and uncertainty in the requirements, which are pretexts for students’ emotional burnout and dysfunctional emotional well-being in digital learning settings. The aim of this study is to identify the benefits of digital storytelling as a method of pedagogical support to reduce students’ emotional burnout and promote emotional well-being. This article presents the results of a case study in one Latvian higher education institution. For four months, each week, 12 participants shared stories on topics relevant to them. Transcripts of each session were encoded and analysed using the high-quality data processing program NVivo 12. Analysing the obtained data, categories were identified that describe the process and benefits of digital storytelling as a method of pedagogical support. It is concluded that digital storytelling promotes the exchange of information, collaborative learning, understanding the meaning of one’s problems, self-efficacy, reflexivity, expands the repertoire of emotional burnout management methods, therefore it is considered a resource in reducing emotional burnout.
Approximation and Limit Results for Nonlinear Filters Over an Infinite Time Interval

This paper is concerned with approximations to nonlinear filtering problems that are of interest over a very long time interval. Since the optimal filter can rarely be constructed, one needs to compute with numerically feasible approximations. The signal model can be a jump-diffusion or just a process that is approximated by a jump-diffusion. The observation noise can be either white or of wide bandwidth. The observations can be taken in either discrete or continuous time. The cost of interest is the pathwise error per unit time over a long time interval. It is shown under quite reasonable conditions on the approximating filter and the signal and noise processes that (as time, bandwidth, process, and filter approximation, etc.) go to their limit in any way at all, the limit of the pathwise average costs per unit time is just what one would get if the approximating processes were replaced by their ideal values and the optimal filter were used. Analogous results are obtained (with appropriate scaling) if the observations are taken in discrete time, and the sampling interval also goes to zero. For these cases, the approximating filter is a numerical approximation to the optimal filter for the presumed limit (signal, observation noise) problem.
Effect of sleep deprivation and daylight restriction on the immune response to Escherichia coli-induced septicemia in Wistar rats

ABSTRACT Circadian rhythms influence the immune response. Its disruption can therefore alter the immune response of the host to pathogens. This study was designed to investigate the effects of two circadian disruptors, sleep-deprivation (SD) and daylight-restriction (DLR), on the immune response to septicemia which was induced using low-dose Escherichia coli (0.1 mL i.p.) (ECIS). Forty-eight Wistar rats (150–180 g) were grouped into six (n = 8): I(control), II(control+ECIS), III(SD12hrs+ECIS), IV(SD96hrs+ECIS), V(DLR12hrs+ECIS), and VI(DLR96hrs+ECIS) respectively. Following either SD or DLR in experimental groups, ECIS was induced and systemic immune response was evaluated after 7 days. Innate (leucocytes, eosinophils, IFN-γ and TNF-α) and adaptive (immunoglobulin -G and -M) immune responses was altered in short and long-term sleep deprived ECIS groups while only innate immune responses were impaired in the short-term daylight-restricted group. Spleen histology exhibited pathologies that worsened with increasing durations of SD and DLR. In conclusion, the immune response in Wistar rats to systemic infection is weakened to a greater extent by sleep-deprivation than by daylight-restriction.
Pretty, meaningful lives: physical attractiveness and experienced and perceived meaning in life

ABSTRACT Three studies examined the association between physical attractiveness and meaning in life. Study 1 (N = 305 college students) showed that self-reported physical attractiveness positively correlated with meaning in life. Study 2 (N = 598 noncollege adults) replicated the association between self-reported physical attractiveness and meaning in life and extended those findings, demonstrating that outside perceptions of attractiveness are linked to outside perceptions of how meaningful a person’s life is. Study 3 (N = 331 targets, 97 raters) replicated these findings and probed the nuances of the relationships between outside ratings and self-reports of attractiveness and meaning in life. Across the studies, existential significance, or the feeling that one’s life matters, was the facet of meaning that primarily explained the link between attractiveness and meaning in life. In addition, a person’s view of their own attractiveness is more indicative of their well-being than outsider ratings. Implications for our understanding of meaning in life are discussed.
Likelihood inference for mixtures: Geometrical and other constructions of monotone step-length algorithms

SUMMARY This paper considers algorithms for the maximum likelihood estimator of the mixing distribution of a family of parametric densities. Specific interest is devoted to the monotonicity of the step-length of the solution. In ? 2 we introduce the idea of estimating the area above the second derivative curve, and in Theorem 1 we relate area-overestimation to the monotonicity of the associated algorithm. In ? 3 we apply Theorem 1 to the monotonicity analysis of well-known algorithms as well as to the construction of a new class of monotone step-length choices which is particularly simple in the mixture setting. Numerical comparisons and refinements in keeping the monotonic step-length from becoming too conservative are given. Theorem 3 characterizes conditions under which the Newton-Raphson step is monotonic and, if these conditions fail to hold, states that the regula falsi step is monotonic.
Personal Agency as a Component of Applied Behavior Analysis

Applied behavior analysis (ABA), a mainstay treatment used in the education of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), has grown in popularity in recent years. Paralleling the growth of ABA are increasing concerns regarding its inequitable treatment of vulnerable, and otherwise marginalized, populations of students. Although ABA has been shown to provide observable educational benefit, a growing number of professionals argue against its solitary use, believing it undermines respect for autonomy and social justice. In this column, a critical analysis of ABA practice is presented, through the lens of equity and the self-determined learning model of instruction. More specifically, advocacy for heightened emphasis on choice and personal agency, paired with strategies to support active learning within ABA-informed interventions, are discussed.
A simple comprehensive model for the analysis of covariance structures

A model is described which contains as special cases a large number of models for the analysis of covariance structures. Using rules for a calculus of functions of matrices given by McDonald & Swaminathan (1973), the first and second derivatives are given, for any loss function, with respect to the parameters of the hypothesis, thus enabling a variety of methods of fitting and testing it.
Large Third-Order Optical Nonlinearity and Fast Response of a Squarylium Dye

The third-order optical nonlinearities and responses of a squarylium dye, 2,4-di-3-guaiazulenyl-1,3-dihydroxycyclobutenediylium dihydroxide, in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution and in polystyrene (PS) coating films are measured by the femtosecond degenerate four-wave mixing technique under resonant conditions. The molecular hyperpolarizability γ of the squarylium dye in the THF solution is determined to be 3.0×10−29 esu at 764 nm, and its electronic component γe is determined to be 1.1×10−29 esu. The third-order nonlinear susceptibility χ(3) of one of the present PS coating films containing the squarylium dye is as high as 3.1×10−8 esu at 800 nm, and its electronic component χ(3)e is 1.3×10−8 esu.