Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of potential evaporation on the variabilities of simulated soil wetness and climate

Abstract An atmospheric general circulation model with prescribed sea surface temperature and cloudiness was integrated for 50 years in order to study atmosphere-land surface interactions. The temporal variability of model soil moisture and precipitation have been studied in an effort to understand the interactions of these variables with other components of the climate system. Temporal variability analysis has shown that the spectra of monthly mean precipitation over land are close to white at all latitudes, with total variance decreasing poleward. In contrasts, the spectra of soil moisture are red, and become more red with increasing latitude. As a measure of this redness, half of the total variance of a composite tropical soil moisture spectrum occurs at periods longer than nine months, while at high latitudes, half of the total variance of a composite soil moisture spectrum occurs at periods longer than 22 months. The spectra of soil moisture also exhibit marked longitudinal variations. These spectral.
SPARSE REPRESENTATION AND BLIND DECONVOLUTION OF DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS

In this paper, we discuss blind deconvolution of dynamical systems, described by the state space model. First we formulate blind deconvolution problem in the framework of the state space model. The blind deconvolution is fulfilled in two stages: internal representation and signal separation. We employ two different learning strategies for training the parameters in the two stages. A sparse representation approach is presented based on the independent decomposition. Some properties of the sparse representation approach are discussed. The natural gradient algorithm is used to train the external parameters in the stage of signal separation. The two-stage approach provides a new insight into blind deconvolution in the state-space framework. Finally a computer simulation is given to show the validity and effectiveness of the state-space approach.
The Central Role of CD4+ T Cells in the Antitumor Immune Response

The induction of optimal systemic antitumor immunity involves the priming of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells specific for tumor-associated antigens. The role of CD4+ T helper cells (Th) in this response has been largely attributed to providing regulatory signals required for the priming of major histocompatibility complex class I restricted CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocytes, which are thought to serve as the dominant effector cell mediating tumor killing. However, analysis of the effector phase of tumor rejection induced by vaccination with irradiated tumor cells transduced to secrete granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor indicates a far broader role for CD4+ T cells in orchestrating the host response to tumor. This form of immunization leads to the simultaneous induction of Th1 and Th2 responses, both of which are required for maximal systemic antitumor immunity. Cytokines produced by these CD4+ T cells activate eosinophils as well as macrophages that produce both superoxide and nitric oxide. Both of these cell types then collaborate within the site of tumor challenge to cause its destruction.
Involving Motor Capabilities in the Formation of Sensory Space Representations

A goal of sensory coding is to capture features of sensory input that are behaviorally relevant. Therefore, a generic principle of sensory coding should take into account the motor capabilities of an agent. Up to now, unsupervised learning of sensory representations with respect to generic coding principles has been limited to passively received sensory input. Here we propose an algorithm that reorganizes an agent's representation of sensory space by maximizing the predictability of sensory state transitions given a motor action. We applied the algorithm to the sensory spaces of a number of simple, simulated agents with different motor parameters, moving in two-dimensional mazes. We find that the optimization algorithm generates compact, isotropic representations of space, comparable to hippocampal place fields. As expected, the size and spatial distribution of these place fields-like representations adapt to the motor parameters of the agent as well as to its environment. The representations prove to be well suited as a basis for path planning and navigation. They not only possess a high degree of state-transition predictability, but also are temporally stable. We conclude that the coding principle of predictability is a promising candidate for understanding place field formation as the result of sensorimotor reorganization.
Petrology of the Amami plutonic rocks, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan

The Amami plutonic rocks occurring in the Amami-O-shima Islands, Kagoshima Prefecture consist of six small bodies; Kasari, Ichi, Kachiura, Koniya, Ankyaba and Uke. These bodies distributed over the islands and mainly composed of adamellite and granodiorite with minor amounts of tonalite, diorite and gabbro. They are divided into peraluminous and metaluminus groups (P and M) based on their mineral assemblage, major and minor chemical compositions, K-Ar ages and Sr isotopic features. Kasari, Ichi, Koniya and Ankyaba bodies comprise the P group, and others the M group. The Kachiura and Uke bodies of the M group gave K-Ar ages of 17.23±0.22 Ma and 110.3±1.2 Ma, respectively. Age from the Kachiura body is similar to that of granitoids in outer zone of southwest Japan (OZSWJ) rather than that of the P group. Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics and the initial Sr ratio of the Kachiura body are similar to those of I-type granitoids of OZSWJ. Muscovite contents and A/CNK ratios in the P group increase continuously from the back arc side to the trench side, and their initial Sr ratios also show the same trend except for the Ankyaba body. The original magmas on the trench side were more affected by pelite-rich continental materials than those on the back arc side. Such spatial variation is also recognized in granitoids of OZSWJ. The Amami plutonic rocks have similar chemical and petrological characteristics to granitoids of OZSWJ, however, ages of the plutonic rocks are different. Common petrological characteristics between both rocks may have resulted from similar tectonic condition.
Land-surface temperature dynamics in the Upper Mekong Basin derived from MODIS time series

Land surface temperature (LST) is an important indicator for climate variability and can be sensed remotely by satellites with a high temporal resolution on a broad spatial scale. In this research, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST is used to derive a 13 year time series on the Upper Mekong Basin (UMB), belonging to the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, to analyse the spatial pattern and temporal development of LST. The data set shows the regular annual curve of surface temperatures with maximum values in summer and minimum values in winter. Average temperatures in the southern parts of the basin are higher than in the northern part. Spatial gradients between maximum and minimum LST as well as gradients between daytime and night-time LST are much lower in the southern parts than in the northern parts, which are characterized by a strong topography. The pixel-wise variability of monthly means was found to be in the range of ±4°C for most pixels in the daytime scenes, whereas the night-time scenes show a lower variability with most pixels in the range of ±1°C. The variability of LST in the northern areas clearly exceeds that in the southern areas. Some inter-annual variations occur, mainly during summer: in some years a two-peak distribution is found, which is explained by the generally low number of observations in the respective months. A primary challenge of optical satellite data in the UMB is cloud contamination in the summer months, where peak rainfall occurs. In the Mekong Highlands for instance, the average number of available daytime observations of MODIS LST in July is one observation per month only. It can be assumed that climate statistics calculated from such data is biased. In this context, two gap-filling algorithms were applied to two test areas for the year 2002 and results are discussed in the article. Another issue with MODIS LST data are day-to-day differences in the acquisition time. A temporal homogenization was applied to selected LST data, converting them to one fixed acquisition time. The converted data were compared to the original data set. No significant influence could be found.
Foveal Spatial Summation in Human Cone Mechanism

We measured at the fovea the chromatic contrast threshold for stimuli modulated along different chromatic directions in the isoluminant plane of MBDKL colour space, considering the two cardinal axes (L/M) and S/(L + M) and other intermediate non-cardinal directions. This psychophysical determination was conducted as a function of stimulus size. The test stimulus was a foveal isoluminant Gaussian patch with a raised cosinusoidal temporal profile superimposed on a neutral background. The task was performed binocularly. The increment threshold was measured for three observers by a Bayesian adaptive psychometric method (QUEST). The Ricco area of complete spatial summation was estimated from the threshold-versus-area curves. The perceptive fields are smaller for the L/M-cone opponent direction than the S/(L + M)-cone opponent. The perceptive field sizes for the stimuli in non-cardinal chromatic directions and stimuli modulated at the (L/M)-cone opponent direction present similar values. Measurements were made at two luminance levels, 5 and 40 cd m−2 but the differences found were small. The perceptive field sizes found could be associated with LGN area.
Global Transcript Levels Respond to Small Changes of the Carbon Status during Progressive Exhaustion of Carbohydrates in Arabidopsis Rosettes1[W][OA]

The balance between the supply and utilization of carbon (C) changes continually. It has been proposed that plants respond in an acclimatory manner, modifying C utilization to minimize harmful periods of C depletion. This hypothesis predicts that signaling events are initiated by small changes in C status. We analyzed the global transcriptional response to a gradual depletion of C during the night and an extension of the night, where C becomes severely limiting from 4 h onward. The response was interpreted using published datasets for sugar, light, and circadian responses. Hundreds of C-responsive genes respond during the night and others very early in the extended night. Pathway analysis reveals that biosynthesis and cellular growth genes are repressed during the night and genes involved in catabolism are induced during the first hours of the extended night. The C response is amplified by an antagonistic interaction with the clock. Light signaling is attenuated during the 24-h light/dark cycle. A model was developed that uses the response of 22K genes during a circadian cycle and their responses to C and light to predict global transcriptional responses during diurnal cycles of wild-type and starchless pgm mutant plants and an extended night in wild-type plants. By identifying sets of genes that respond at different speeds and times during C depletion, our extended dataset and model aid the analysis of candidates for C signaling. This is illustrated for AKIN10 and four bZIP transcription factors, and sets of genes involved in trehalose signaling, protein turnover, and starch breakdown.
Ethyl 4-ethylamino-3-nitrobenzoate

In the molecule of the title compound, C11H14N2O4, a bifurcated intra/intermolecular N—H⋯(O,O) hydrogen bond occurs.The intramolecular component results in a non-planar six-membered ring with a flattened-boat conformation. In the crystal structure, the intermolecular interaction links the molecules into chains parallel to the b axis.
Transgenic mouse model for the study of enterovirus 71 neuropathogenesis

Significance EV71 infection with severe neurological complications has become a serious public health concern. However, suitable small animal models to study human EV71 pathogenesis are not available. We have generated a Tg mouse model by expressing the human EV71 receptor, Scavenger receptor B2, and found it to be susceptible to EV71 infection. This Tg mouse model exhibits neurological disease and pathology very similar to that observed in humans. The results confirm that the Scavenger receptor B2 receptor is important for EV71 infection in vivo. Further development of this new small animal model should greatly contribute toward investigation of EV71 pathogenesis and development of vaccines and antiviral drugs. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) typically causes mild hand-foot-and-mouth disease in children, but it can also cause severe neurological disease. Recently, epidemic outbreaks of EV71 with significant mortality have been reported in the Asia-Pacific region, and EV71 infection has become a serious public health concern worldwide. However, there is little information available concerning EV71 neuropathogenesis, and no vaccines or anti-EV71 drugs have been developed. Previous studies of this disease have used monkeys and neonatal mice that are susceptible to some EV71 strains as models. The monkey model is problematic for ethical and economical reasons, and mice that are more than a few weeks old lose their susceptibility to EV71. Thus, the development of an appropriate small animal model would greatly contribute to the study of this disease. Mice lack EV71 susceptibility due to the absence of a receptor for this virus. Previously, we identified the human scavenger receptor class B, member 2 (hSCARB2) as a cellular receptor for EV71. In the current study, we generated a transgenic (Tg) mouse expressing hSCARB2 with an expression profile similar to that in humans. Tg mice infected with EV71 exhibited ataxia, paralysis, and death. The most severely affected cells were neurons in the spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum, hypothalamus, thalamus, and cerebrum. The pathological features in these Tg mice were generally similar to those of EV71 encephalomyelitis in humans and experimentally infected monkeys. These results suggest that this Tg mouse could represent a useful animal model for the study of EV71 infection.
An Interface for Real-time Classification of Articulations Produced by Violin Bowing

We introduce a software system for real-time classification of violin bow strokes (articulations). The system uses an electromagnetic motion tracking system to capture raw gesture data. The data is analyzed to extract stroke features. These features are provided to a decision tree for training and classification. Feedback from feature and classification data is presented visually in an immersive graphic environment.
Experimental and numerical study of colloid transport in a single fracture.

In this paper we seek to relate the influence of the geometry and distribution of fracture aperture to the fluid flow properties of the fracture. Coupling fluid flow and transport experiments to high-resolution laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) enables tracking of local fluid velocity and particle trajectories, and allows direct quantification of variations caused by surface roughness. These data, together with the geometry of fracture, are incorporated into a directly coupled numerical model of fluid flow and transport.
Supporting inspections with an electronic meeting system

Fagan inspections are a structured review of development documents that consists of individual preparation, a meeting and rework by the author of the document. The meeting is used to log the defects found in preparation and to search for more defects. The effectiveness and efficiency of the meeting is typically low as compared to that of the preparation. The paper describes the use of an EMS to support the logging meeting of a total of 14 electronic inspections in Philips Medical Systems and Baan Company. The results indicate that the electronic logging meeting contributed much more to the overall result of the inspection than was the case in a traditional inspection. The results have implications, both for the software inspections and EMS. The implications for EMS as they are discussed in the paper are: the increased use of meeting metrics, the use of inspections as a guinea pig, and the benefits of fixed format input in an EMS.
Facilitatory Effects of Vowel Epenthesis on Word Processing in Dutch

We report a series of experiments examining the effects on word processing of insertion of an optional epenthetic vowel in word-final consonant clusters in Dutch. Such epenthesis turns film,for instance, into fil@m. In a word-reversal task listeners treated words with and without epenthesis alike, as monosyllables, suggesting that the variant forms both activate the same canonical representation, that of a monosyllabic word without epenthesis. In both lexical decision and word spotting, response times to recognize words were significantly faster when epenthesis was present than when the word was presented in its canonical form without epenthesis. It is argued that addition of the epenthetic vowel makes the liquid consonants constituting the first member of a cluster more perceptible; a final phoneme-detection experiment confirmed that this was the case. These findings show that a transformed variant of a word, although it contacts the lexicon via the representation of the canonical form, can be more easily perceptible than that canonical form. © 1999 Academic Press
BsmI, ApaI and TaqI Polymorphisms in the Vitamin D Receptor Gene (VDR) and Association with Lumbar Spine Pathologies: An Italian Case-Control Study

Three adjacent single nucleotide polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) BsmI (rs1544410), ApaI (rs7975232), and TaqI (rs731236) are commonly studied in several pathologies. We aimed to evaluate the distribution of VDR BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI allele, genotype, and haplotype frequencies in an Italian cohort of 266 patients with lumbar spine disorders assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and 252 asymptomatic controls. The exposure to putative risk factors was evaluated by a questionnaire. Polymorphisms were detected by PCR-RFLP and TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay. The results were statistically adjusted for the identified conventional risk factors. The three SNPs were in linkage disequilibrium. For all cases BbAaTT was a 3-fold risk factor OR = 3.38), whereas bbAATT (OR = 0.22), and bbaaTT (OR = 0.47) genotypes were found to be protective. Specifically, for patients affected by disc herniation only (n = 88) and all lumbar pathologies excluding stenosis and/or spondylolistesis (n = 215) B allele, Bb, Aa, and BbAaTT genotypes were risky, whereas b allele, bb, aa, and bbaaTT genotypes were protective. In patients affected by osteochondrosis with or without disc hernation (n = 50), T allele, Aa, and bbAaTT genotypes were risky, whereas t allele, AA, tt genotypes were protective. In patients affected by stenosis and/or spondylolistesis (n = 51) no significant associations were found. This is the first study showing an association of the three genetic VDR variants BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI and lumbar spine pathologies. Our study contributes to delineate genetic risk factors for specific subgroups of patients with lumbar spine pathologies highlighting the importance of haplotype analysis, and of detailed clinical evaluation of the patients for identification of genetic biomarkers.
An Approach to Support Vector Regression with Genetic Algorithms

Support Vector Machines (SVM) are learning methods useful for solving supervised learning problems such as classification (SVC) and regression (SVR). SVM's are based on the Statistical Learning Theory and the minimization of the Structural Risk [1], an enhancement over neural networks such as Multi-Layer Perceptrons. However, the major drawback is the high computational cost of the constrained Quadratic Problem (QP) combined with the selection of the kernel parameters they involve. Here we discuss \varepsilon -SVRVGA, a detailed implementation of SVR that uses the non-traditional Vasconcelos Genetic Algorithm (VGA) [2] as tool for solving the associated QP along with the tuning of the kernel parameters. This work does not explore the automatic tuning of the regularization parameter C associated to the VC dimension [1] of the SVM what is considered an open research area. The \varepsilon -SVRVGA fitting capability was tested with onedimensional Time Series (TS) data by reconstructing their n-dimensional state space [3] and adding Gaussian noise. Results show that \varepsilon -SVRGVA is able to model successfully the TS in spite of a noisy environment as well as the self-selection of kernel parameters.
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive pauci-immune glomerulonephritis associated with mantle cell lymphoma

Renal involvement in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, especially mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is rare. A 77-year-old man presented with acute kidney injury (AKI), which rapidly progressed to dialysis dependence. Kidney biopsy revealed patchy B-cell lymphocytic aggregates in the interstitium, which were positive for cyclin D1, consistent with atypical CD5-negative MCL as confirmed by the detection of translocation t(11;14) by FISH. Crescents were noted in 3 of 26 glomeruli; while PR-3 antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) positivity and negative immunofluorescence suggested an additional pauci-immune (rapidly progressive) glomerulonephritis pattern of injury. Patient received chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone), which improved his renal function and allowed for discontinuation of hemodialysis. However, he died from pulmonary hemorrhage 8 months after initial presentation. This is the first reported case of a patient with coexistence of renal MCL infiltration and ANCA-positive pauci-immune glomerulonephritis.
Crust and Upper Mantle S-Wave Velocity Structure Across Northeastern Tibetan Plateau and Ordos Block

A 1000km long passive seismic observation profile consisted of 47 broadband portable seismometers was deployed from Maqen in northeastern Tibetan Plateau to Yulin in central Ordos. Using the teleseismic waveforms recorded by the passive seismic experiment, receiver function method was used to investigate the S wave velocity structure. The results showed that the crustal structure is clearly divided into blocks along the profile. From central Ordos to northeastern Tibetan Plateau, the crustal thickness varies from 40km to 64km. Under the Haiyuan earthquake region and west of West Qinling Fault, the Moho discontinuity seems quite complicated. In the Haiyuan earthquake region, recent earthquakes tend to distribute around the upper crust low velocity zone. Moho under east edge of the Qilian mountains has a depth jump and seismicity is closely related with the extension of the Qilian fault, indicating that the fault has reached under the Moho. Crust thickening is obvious in the region from Maqen to the Riyueshan fault. Our results show that the crust structure of the transition zone between Tibetan Plateau and Ordos is strongly deformed and fragmented, which is consistent with the occurrence of earthquakes in this region.
Structural damage detection using neural network and H∞ filter algorithm

In this paper we propose a neural network-based approach for damage detection of unknown structure systems. Newly developed global H∞ Filter optimal learning algorithm for the neural network to simulate a structural response is developed. This algorithm is based on the worst-case disturbances design criterion, and is therefore robust with respect to model uncertainties and lack of statistical information to the exogenous signals. Simulation results are presented to identify dynamic response characteristics of nonlinear structural systems corresponding to different degrees of parameters changes, which indicate that damage occurred in the structure. It is shown that the proposed method is highly robust and more appropriate in practical early structural damage detection.