Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Explaining Graph Neural Networks with Mixed-Integer Programming

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become a popu-001 lar tool for learning from graph-structured data. While 002 they provide state-of-the-art graph learning performance, 003 their lack of transparency hinders our ability to trust and 004 understand them, ultimately limiting the areas where they 005 can be applied. Many explanation methods exist to ex-006 plain individual predictions made by GNNs, but there are 007 fewer ways to gain more general insight into the patterns 008 they have been trained to identify. Most proposed meth-009 ods for model-level GNN explanations attempt to generate 010 graphs that exemplify these patterns, but the discreteness 011 of graphs and the nonlinearity of deep GNNs make finding 012 such graphs difficult. In this paper, we formulate the search 013 for an explanatory graph as a mixed-integer programming 014 (MIP) problem, in which decision variables specify the ex-015 planation graph and the objective function represents the 016 quality of the graph as an explanation for a GNN’s predic-017 tions of an entire class in the dataset. This approach, which 018 we call MIPExplainer, allows us to directly optimize over 019 the discrete input space and find globally optimal solutions 020 with a minimal number of hyperparameters. MIPExplainer 021 is able to find accurate explanations on both synthetic and 022 real-world datasets, and outperforms existing methods for 023 generating explanations for GNNs. 024
Insights into the biodegradation of polycaprolactone through genomic analysis of two plastic-degrading Rhodococcus bacteria

Polycaprolactone (PCL) is an aliphatic polyester often utilized as a model to investigate the biodegradation potential of bacteria and the involved catabolic enzymes. This study aims to characterize PCL biodegradative metabolic potential and correlate it to genomic traits of two plastic-degrading bacteria—Rhodococcus erythropolis D4 strain, a new isolate from plastic-rich organic waste treatment plant, and Rhodococcus opacus R7, known for its relevant biodegradative potential on polyethylene and similar compounds. After preliminary screening for bacteria capable of hydrolyzing tributyrin and PCL, the biodegradation of PCL was evaluated in R. erythropolis D4 and R. opacus R7 by measuring their growth and the release of PCL catabolism products up to 42 days. After 7 days, an increase of at least one order of magnitude of cell number was observed. GC-MS analyses of 28-day culture supernatants showed an increase in carboxylic acids in both Rhodococcus cultures. Furthermore, hydrolytic activity (~5 U mg−1) on short/medium-chain p-nitrophenyl esters was detected in their supernatant. Finally, a comparative genome analysis was performed between two Rhodococcus strains. A comparison with genes annotated in reference strains revealed hundreds of gene products putatively related to polyester biodegradation. Based on additional predictive analysis of gene products, gene expression was performed on a smaller group of genes, revealing that exposure to PCL elicits the greatest increase in transcription for a single gene in strain R7 and two genes, including that encoding a putative lipase, in strain D4. This work exhibits a multifaceted experimental approach to exploit the broad potential of Rhodococcus strains in the field of plastic biodegradation.
Constructing a graphical representation of the brain from functional MRI

This study aims to investigate alterations in brain connectivity, specifically within the Resting State Network (RSN), among adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) compared to well-matched healthy controls. Employing functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), the research focuses on using two statistical approaches, namely Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) and Mutual Information (MI), to discern changes in connectivity patterns. Resting state fMRI data from 102 adolescents diagnosed with MDD and 34 healthy controls were analyzed. The study utilized PPMCC and MI to assess correlations between different brain regions within the RSN. The investigation scrutinized whether these statistical approaches yield consistent results and explored their efficacy in detecting alterations in brain connectivity associated with depression. While PPMCC analysis revealed no significant differences between any brain regions, MI analysis demonstrated substantial changes in the connectivity of 39 specific brain regions. The study underscores the sensitivity and robustness of the MI technique, establishing it as a more effective method for discerning connectivity variations associated with major depressive disorder. The findings emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate statistical methods in neuroimaging studies. The application of MI in analyzing resting state fMRI data proves to be a valuable tool for identifying nuanced alterations in brain connectivity associated with depression. This insight contributes to refining diagnostic approaches and potentially informs the development of targeted interventions for adolescents with major depressive disorder.
Winter climate change and fine root biogenic silica in sugar maple trees (Acer saccharum): Implications for silica in the Anthropocene

Winter temperatures are projected to increase over the next century, leading to reductions in winter snowpack and increased frequency of soil freezing in many northern forest ecosystems. Here we examine biogenic silica (BSi) concentrations in sugar maple (Acer saccharum) fine roots collected from a snow manipulation experiment at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (New Hampshire, USA). Increased soil freezing significantly lowered the BSi content of sugar maple fine roots potentially decreasing their capacity to take up water and dissolved nutrients. The reduced silica uptake (8 ± 1 kmol silica km−2) by sugar maple fine roots is comparable to silica export from temperate forest watersheds. We estimate that fine roots account for 29% of sugar maple BSi, despite accounting for only 4% of their biomass. These results suggest that increased frequency of soil freezing will reduce silica uptake by temperate tree roots, thereby changing silica availability in downstream receiving waters.
An Integrated DRA-Based Large Frequency Ratio Antenna System Consisting of a MM-Wave Array and a MIMO Antenna for 5G Applications

This paper presents a large frequency ratio antenna that covers the widely separated 5G bands. The proposed antenna consists of a 2-element rectangular DRA (rDRA)-based MIMO antenna for the sub-6 GHz band, with an embedded $1\times 4$ cylindrical DRA (cDRA) array covering the mmW band. The rDRAs are fabricated through a cost and time-efficient 3D printing process, whereas small dimensions of cDRAs are precisely machined through a CNC. The proposed antenna has a measured impedance bandwidth of 31.63% at 4.9 GHz and 21.5% at 28 GHz. The antenna has a peak gain of 6.6 dBi at the sub-6 GHz and 12 dBi at the mmW bands. Moreover, the proposed antenna has an Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) of less than 0.01, whereas the simulated beam steering performance of the antenna exhibits good performance for the sector of ±50°.
Values of the Wedding Tradition of the Malay Tribe Ogan Ogan Komering Ulu in the Globalisation Era

Local cultural diversity is a pillar of Indonesia’s national culture in the era of globalization. Efforts to maintain local culture need to re-instill values, one of which is the values of the Ogan tribal wedding tradition in the era of globalization which has become extinct due to technological and information developments. This research aims to explain again the stages of implementing the traditional rituals of the Ogan Malay wedding based on religion, kinship, togetherness, and courtesy. The problem is whether the values contained in the Ogan Malay wedding tradition. The approach used is a qualitative approach. Data were collected through the documentation method, and data analysis was done through direct observation in the field. The results of the research show that there are values contained in the wedding tradition of the Malay Ogan Ogan Komering Ulu tribe, South Sumatra in the era of globalization. Keywords: wedding tradition, Ogan Malay tribe, globalization era
Dimensions of Self-Concept in Adolescents: An In-depth Analysis Among Junior High School Students

This research explores the intricate nature of self-concept, a pivotal element in human behavior and identity formation, encompassing beliefs, thoughts, and perceptions shaping individuals' understanding of themselves and their environment across physical, psychological, and social dimensions, influencing behavior and self-esteem. Focusing on junior high school students aged 13-18 in Bangka Belitung, the study employs a quantitative descriptive approach with 126 participants, employing Rahmat's theory (2013) to gauge self-concept facets. Outcomes reveal that 34% of students perceive their self-concept as moderate, while 4% hold positive views and 32% exhibit above-average self-concepts. Notably, gender-based disparities accentuate the need for tailored interventions. Identification of areas needing improvement via validity testing led to proposed classical guidance topics aimed at augmenting self-concept, including body care, confidence-building, and social interaction. Implications stress the significance of customized interventions, gender-aware strategies, and nurturing positive self-concept for comprehensive student growth, in alignment with educational experts' viewpoints, advocating self-awareness, constructive perspectives, and individualized assistance. These insights advocate holistic approaches to empower students on their path to self-acceptance, personal development, and holistic growth, echoing broader educational objectives and policies, reaffirming the pivotal role of classical guidance in molding students' self-concept.
Model Pure Community-smart Cities (PCSC) Components Assessment in Lembah Klang, Malaysia from Society 5.0 to Madani Society

Pure community is one of the elements that must be present to create a holistic smart city that is not only focused on economic development. This study aims to measure the level of development of the pure community in the cities of the Klang Valley, Malaysia. The research was conducted at the Klang Valley, Peninsular Malaysia. This study uses cluster sampling to select the respondents. Stratified sampling is a technique used for dividing the population into specific characteristics, and then using simple random sampling, samples are taken from each population. Overall, the level of pure community in Malaysia’s Klang Valley shows that they have a high value of good citizens. Despite this, it is crucial to put a guideline that allows the involvement of urban citizens to carry out mutual responsibilities in the location of their residence to be more organized. The government should be able to create an appropriate task force in the housing area that involves shared responsibility between the city’s residents. Keywords: smart city development, pure community, Model PCSC
Empirical analysis of renewable and non-renewable energy resources consumption impact on economic development in Uzbekistan

In this paper the association among renewable, non-renewable energy consumption and GDP growth is analyzed by using the secondary date of The World Bank and International Energy Agency for the period 1990-2021 of Uzbekistan. The paper employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) model to estimate the long-run and short-run dynamic multipliers of energy consumption variables. Empirical results show that hydropower energy consumption (renewable energy) has a positive effect on GDP growth in the long term. Also, consumption of non-renewable energy resources (coal, natural gas, oil) has a positive effect on GDP growth in the short and long term. In addition, the increase in the consumption of non-renewable energy resources has a positive effect on CO2 emissions, which in turn means that the government should take measures to increase the share of renewable energy resources.
SH wave seismogram synthesis by the finite element method

A method for the finite element computation of the s)·nthetic seismo­ gran1s of SH wave propagation in a two-dimensional (2-D) medium is pro­ posed. The finite element method has the ad,rantage of specifying the arbi­ trar)' density and velocity field in the medium. To complete the waveform modeling for a n earthquake, the transformation of line source snapshots and seismograms of the 2-D finite element modeling to the point source responses is critically necessary. The accuracy of the finite element model­ ing is verified b)1 comparing it with the generalized ray method and \\1ith a finite difference method which computes the 2-D wave field from a differ­ ent approach. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the successfulness of seismogram synthesis by the finite element method and to propose the potential applications of this method in the Taiwan area. (Ke)· words: SH wave, Finite element method, Seismogram synthesis, 2-D modeling)
The Influence of Creative Self-Efficacy on Employee Performance through Innovative Work Behavior as Mediating and Digital Literacy as Moderating

Many factors often influence employee performance, but many company leaders must learn more about the benefits. This research aims to determine the influence of creative self-efficacy on employee performance through the mediating effect of innovative work behavior and the moderating effect of digital literacy. The primary data was obtained through questionnaires to 120 employees who work at the Iskandar Muda Pupuk Company in Aceh. This research uses the Structural Equation Model-Partial Last Square (SEM-PLS) model using the Smart-PLS device. The research results found that creative self-efficacy positively and significantly affects innovative work behavior and employee performance. Furthermore, innovative work behavior directly has a significant effect on employee performance. Indirectly, it was found that innovative work behavior mediates the influence of creative self-efficacy on employee performance. This research also shows that digital literacy does not moderate the effect of innovative work behavior on employee performance. Based on the results of this research, it is recommended that leaders be able to provide full support to employees in carrying out their work, significantly increasing innovative work behavior through the use of literacy tools to support employee work.
Toward Building a New Seismic Hazard Model for Mainland China

We are developing a new seismic hazard model for Mainland China by integrating historical earthquake catalogs, geological faults, geodetic GPS data, and geology maps. We divide China and the surrounding regions into 25 large seismic source zones. For each zone, a tapered Gutenberg-Richter (TGR) magnitude-frequency distribution is used to model the seismic activity rates. The aand b-values of the TGR distribution are calculated using observed earthquake data, while the corner magnitude is constrained independently using the seismic moment rate inferred from the geodetically-based strain rate model. Small and medium sized earthquakes are distributed within the source zones following the location and magnitude patterns of historical earthquakes. Some of the larger earthquakes are distributed onto active faults, based on their geological characteristics. The remaining larger earthquakes are then placed into the background. We evaluate and select appropriate ground motion prediction equations by comparing them with observed ground motion data and performing residual analysis. The GEM OpenQuake software is used to calculate seismic hazard. To account for site amplification, we construct a site condition map based on geology. The resulting new seismic hazard maps can be used for seismic risk analysis and management. Sr. lead research scientist, FM Global Research Division, Norwood, MA 02062 (email:yufang.rong@fmglobal.com) Professor, Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China 3 Principal research scientist, FM Global Research Division, Norwood, MA 02062 4 Associate professor, China Earthquake Networks Center, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100045, China 5 Associate professor, Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China Professor, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 7 Consultant, FM Global Research Division, Norwood, MA 02062 Rong Y, Xu X, Magistrale H, Cheng J, Chen G, Shen Z-K, Dangkua D. A new seismic hazard model for mainland China. Proceedings of the 11 National Conference in Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA. 2018. A New Seismic Hazard Model for Mainland China Y. Rong, X. Xu, H. Magistrale, J. Cheng , G. Chen, Z. Shen, and D. Dangkua
A Compact Model for Interface-Type Self-Rectifying Resistive Memory With Experiment Verification

Resistive random access memory (RRAM), a new non-volatile memory, enables hardware accelerators based on in-memory computing with improved throughput and energy efficiency, enabling machine learning on-the-fly inference at the edge. However, sneak-path currents in RRAM crossbar arrays (CBAs) can cause crosstalk, limiting high-density applications. The best choice for suppressing leakage current is self-rectifying RRAM (SRR). Interface-type RRAMs offer CMOS compatibility, better controllability, higher reliability, and lower power consumption compared to filament-type counterparts. However, while there is much research on the filament-type RRAMs, there is little research and no measurement validation on the interface-type RRAMs. In this paper, a compact model of the interface-type RRAM is developed for circuit and system exploration. The model includes Schottky barrier diode, effective layer resistance, nano-battery effect, parasitic resistance, and capacitance. It also has a dynamic behavior model, including device-to-device variation, retention, and endurance. Compared with measurements, it reproduces high accuracy of 98.97% in DC and 98.05% in AC. The proposed model is applied to a neuromorphic $64\times64$ SRR CBA with 32-bit fixed-point precision. A nano-battery bias scheme is also proposed to zero the current of RRAMs having non-zero I-V crossing points, reducing the sneak-pass current error to 0.02%. A vector matrix multiplication application demonstrates 3.44 TOPS/W with a 50:50 LRS to HRS ratio, and a deep neural network on a VGG-8 architecture using the CIFAR-10 dataset observes an accuracy degradation of 1.36%.
From Staining Techniques to Artificial Intelligence: A Review of Colorectal Polyps Characterization

This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the evolving techniques in image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) for the characterization of colorectal polyps, and the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in revolutionizing the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopy. We discuss the historical use of dye-spray and virtual chromoendoscopy for the characterization of colorectal polyps, which are now being replaced with more advanced technologies. Specifically, we focus on the application of AI to create a “virtual biopsy” for the detection and characterization of colorectal polyps, with potential for replacing histopathological diagnosis. The incorporation of AI has the potential to provide an evolutionary learning system that aids in the diagnosis and management of patients with the best possible outcomes. A detailed analysis of the literature supporting AI-assisted diagnostic techniques for the detection and characterization of colorectal polyps, with a particular emphasis on AI’s characterization mechanism, is provided. The benefits of AI over traditional IEE techniques, including the reduction in human error in diagnosis, and its potential to provide an accurate diagnosis with similar accuracy to the gold standard are presented. However, the need for large-scale testing of AI in clinical practice and the importance of integrating patient data into the diagnostic process are acknowledged. In conclusion, the constant evolution of IEE technology and the potential for AI to revolutionize the field of endoscopy in the future are presented.
Study on the Optimal Phospholipid Addition Levels for Button-Sized Juvenile Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis): Survival, Growth, Physiological Parameters, and Neverland Expression

A 50-day feeding experiment was performed to investigate the effects of dietary phospholipid (PL) addition on the survival, growth, serum, and hepatopancreas lipid indexes, calcium content, and neverland (Nvd) gene expression in button-sized juvenile Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). Five experimental diets were formulated with increasing addition of PL (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%), which were named PL0, PL1, PL2, PL3, and PL4, respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to four tanks of juvenile E. sinensis (initial weight: 5.00 ± 0.55 g), with eight crabs held in each tank. The results showed that PL addition significantly increased the survival rate (SR) but just slightly increased the weight gain rate (WGR) of juvenile E. sinensis. As the PL addition level increased, SR and WGR first increased and then decreased, with the highest values observed in the PL3 group. As the PL addition level increased, the activities of trypsin and cellulase significantly increased and then decreased, with the highest value observed in the PL2 group and PL3 group, respectively. As PL addition level increased from 1% to 2%, lipase activity increased sharply and then kept constant with a further increase of dietary PL. As PL addition level increased from 0% to 3%, the calcium content in the serum significantly increased from 7.96 to 12.43 mmol/L and then significantly decreased to 11.36 mmol/L with a further increase of PL addition. PL addition just slightly promoted the calcium content in the hepatopancreas compared with the control group. As PL addition level increased from 0% to 3%, the expression of Nvd in the hepatopancreas significantly increased by 1.47-fold and then decreased to basal level with a further increase of PL addition. In conclusion, 2%−3% addition of the optimal PL addition level was estimated to be 2%−3% for juvenile E. sinensis based on their survival, growth performance, and digestive enzyme activities. PL addition at a relatively higher level (3%) increased the calcium content and Nvd expression, the latter possibly facilitating cholesterol metabolism into vitamin D.
Seroprevalence of brucellosis among animal handlers in West Bengal, India: an occupational health study

Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonotic disease and a major human health problem worldwide. Due to its ways of transmission, direct or indirect contact with infected animals or their contaminated biological products, the disease exhibits strong occupational association with animal handlers comprising a significant population at risk. This study was undertaken to estimate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in animal handlers and to understand the epidemiological and serological aspects of the same. The animal handlers from the state of West Bengal, India were included in this study. It was a prospective and observational cohort study from November 2021 to March 2022. A total of 669 sera samples were collected from animal handlers and tested using various serological tests for Brucella antibodies. All serum samples were tested using the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), standard tube agglutination test (STAT), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 106 (15.8%) patients were diagnosed with brucellosis among the total number of patients tested. Most of the patients affected with brucellosis belonged to the age group 51–60 years (23.5%). The seropositivity rate in male animal handlers was higher than female animal handlers in this study. More studies are needed to understand the occupational association of this disease. Awareness programs, safe livestock practices, and prevention of the disease by timely diagnosis must be implemented in order to control human brucellosis.