Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The importance of feeling remembered during the Covid-19 crisis – A qualitative study of experiences among patients with personality disorders

Abstract Treatment irregularity may complicate therapy for patients with personality disorders (PD). In Norway, Covid-19 restrictions led to a shutdown of outpatient mental health services from March 12th, 2020. The article aims to investigate how patients with PD experience Covid-19 related changes in their everyday life and treatment. A multi-center survey was performed in June–October 2020 at 12 PD treatment units. Thematic analysis was chosen for data-analysis of the open questions. Data-analysis resulted in two meta-themes: 1) Treatment changes as good enough emergency solutions – continuing personal change and care during the crisis, and 2) An overwhelming experience of unpredictability in everyday life and treatment – a feeling of being lost and lonely. The two meta-themes encompass themes organized to show diverse experiences of changes in social contact, treatment adjustments, and mental health problems. The two meta-themes could be understood along a dimension of “safety – vulnerability” more than separated experiences. The experiences are discussed concerning technological, social, and individual resources and vulnerability. The therapist should explore the patient’s experience of the treatment adjustments several times through the treatment process during a crisis to increase safety and continue treatment.
Hierarchy for classes of garbling schemes

The methods for secure outsourcing and secure one-time programs have recently been of great research interest. Garbling schemes are regarded as a promising technique for these applications while Bellare, Hoang and Rogaway introduced the first formal security notions for garbling schemes in [3, 4]. Ever since, even more security notions have been introduced and garbling schemes have been categorized in different security classes according to these notions. In this paper, we introduce new security classes of garbling schemes and build a hierarchy for the security classes including the known classes as well as classes introduced in this paper.
Synchronization Numerical Simulation of two FitzHugh-Nagumo Neurons

It is well known that a strong coupling can synchronize a population of nonlinear oscillators. It provides the basis of the remarkable computational performance of the brain. In this paper we take the FitzHugh-Nagumo model in two-dimension nonlinear differential equations to study the role of noise on the synchronization. The numerical computation shows that the neurons can achieve both the same firing frequency only in a small region when the coupling strength is very small; and two neurons synchronize for almost noise strength when the coupling strength is very large. Some illustrations are given to show the region where both neurons achieve synchronization. Our results reveal that noise plays a role in the emergence of synchronous activity in populations of FitzHugh-Nagumo neurons.
Determine transposable genes when the orders of genes are different

Certain nucleotide sequences in DNA can change their positions. Such nucleotide sequences might be shorter than a general gene. When we restrict to nucleotide sequences that form complete genes, we can still find genes that change their relative locations in a genome. Thus for different individuals of the same species, the orders of genes might be different. Such spatial difference of gene orders might be affected by temporal difference of gene (mutation) orders, and can be used to explain the order of mutation problem in myeloproliferative neoplasm. A practical problem is to determine such transposable genes in given gene sequences. Through an intuitive rule, we transform the biological problem of determining transposable genes into a rigorous mathematical problem of determining the longest common subsequence. Given several number sequences, determining the longest common subsequence is a classical problem in computer science. Depending on whether the gene sequence is linear or circular, and whether genes have multiple copies, we classify the problem of determining transposable genes into different scenarios and design corresponding algorithms. Specifically, we study the situation where the longest common subsequence is not unique.
Shifting Horizons in Hypertension

sounds as an improvement on the palpation method and as a means of determining diastolic as well as systolic pressure completed the modern development of indirect blood . pressure measurement in man. The sphygmomanometer because of its simplicity soon became widely used by nearly all physicians. Meanwhile direct methods became more refined and photographic and other devices made possible the recording of systolicdiastolic pressure curves. The Hamilton (1934) strain-gauge (Alexander, 1948) and capacitance (Whitehorn and Perl, 1949) manometers were invented and by means of the catheter have been used to explore human intracardiac pressures (Cournand, Baldwin and Himmelstein, 1949). Devices were also elaborated for the quantitative measurement of blood flow. The Ludwig Stromuhr (1867) is still used in physiological laboratories. The Fick (1870) principle was enunciated in 1870 making possible the accurate measurement of cardiac output in animals and later via the cardiac catheter in man. The acetylene method (Geollman, 1932), dye method (Stewart, 1921) and ballistocardiograph (Starr et aI., 1939) were subsequently tested for accuracy against the Fick procedure. Methods were also developed for measuring blood flow in specific vascular beds. These included droplet counters (Green, 1948), the thermostromuhr (Rein, 1928), the electro-magnetic flow-meter (Kolin, 1936), the bubble (Brunen, 1948), and pressure differential (Gregg and Green, 1940) flow-meters and the rotameter (Shipley, 1944). The plethysmograph (Hewlett and Van Zwaluwenburg, 1909) was used especially for the measurement of organ or peripheral blood flow. Other techniques Shifting Horizons in Hypertension
On the solvability of a nonlinear boundary value problem arising in the theory of growing cell populations

In this paper we establish some results regarding the existence of solution on L1 spaces to a nonlinear boundary value problem originally proposed by Lebowitz and Rubinow (J. Math. Biol. 1974; 1:17–36) to model an age‐structured proliferating cell population. Our approach, based on topological methods, uses essentially the specific properties of weakly compact sets on L1 spaces. Our results provide positive answers to the questions posed in Jeribi (Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl. 2002; 3:85–105). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PERIRHINAL CORTEX LEARNS A PREDICTIVE MAP OF THE TASK ENVIRONMENT

Goal-directed tasks involve acquiring an internal model, known as a predictive map, of relevant stimuli and associated outcomes to guide behavior. Here, we identified neural signatures of a predictive map of task behavior in perirhinal cortex (Prh). Mice learned to perform a tactile working memory task by classifying sequential whisker stimuli over multiple training stages. Chemogenetic inactivation demonstrated that Prh is involved in task learning. Chronic two-photon calcium imaging, population analysis, and computational modeling revealed that Prh encodes stimulus features as sensory prediction errors. Prh forms stable stimulus-outcome associations that expand in a retrospective manner and generalize as animals learn new contingencies. Stimulus-outcome associations are linked to prospective network activity encoding possible expected outcomes. This link is mediated by cholinergic signaling to guide task performance, demonstrated by acetylcholine imaging and perturbation. We propose that Prh combines error-driven and map-like properties to acquire a predictive map of learned task behavior.
Validation of marker-less pose estimation for 3D kinematics during upper limb reaching

Kinematic analysis of movement following brain damage is key for diagnosing motor impairments and for recovery assessment. Advances in computer vision offer novel marker-less tracking tools that could be implemented in the clinic due to their simple operation and affordability. An important question that arises is whether marker-less technologies are sufficiently accurate compared to well established marker-based technologies. This study aims to perform validation of kinematic assessment using two high-speed cameras and a 3D pose estimation model. Four participants performed reaching movements with the upper limb between fixed targets, in different velocities. Movement kinematics were simultaneously measured using the DeepBehavior model and marker-based optical motion capture (QTM), as a gold standard. The differences in corresponding joint angles, estimated from the two different methods throughout the analysis, are presented as a mean absolute error (MAE) of the elbow angle. Quantitatively, the MAE of all movements was relatively small across velocity and joints (~2°). In a condition where the movements were made towards the DeepBehavior cameras, and the view of the elbow was occluded in one of the cameras, the errors were higher. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that marker-less motion capture is a valid alternative to marker-based motion capture. Inaccuracies of the DeepBehavior system could be explained by occlusions of key-points and are not associated with failure of the pose estimation algorithm.
Catalytic and non-catalytic mechanisms of histone H4 lysine 20 methyltransferase SUV420H1

The intricate regulation of chromatin plays a key role in controlling genome architecture and accessibility. Histone lysine methyltransferases regulate chromatin by catalyzing the methylation of specific histone residues but are also hypothesized to have equally important non-catalytic roles. SUV420H1 di- and tri-methylates histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20me2/me3) and plays crucial roles in DNA replication, repair, and heterochromatin formation, and is dysregulated in several cancers. Many of these processes were linked to its catalytic activity. However, deletion and inhibition of SUV420H1 have shown distinct phenotypes suggesting the enzyme likely has uncharacterized non-catalytic activities. To characterize the catalytic and non-catalytic mechanisms SUV420H1 uses to modify chromatin, we determined cryo- EM structures of SUV420H1 complexes with nucleosomes containing histone H2A or its variant H2A.Z. Our structural, biochemical, biophysical, and cellular analyses reveal how both SUV420H1 recognizes its substrate and H2A.Z stimulates its activity, and show that SUV420H1 binding to nucleosomes causes a dramatic detachment of nucleosomal DNA from histone octamer. We hypothesize that this detachment increases DNA accessibility to large macromolecular complexes, a prerequisite for DNA replication and repair. We also show that SUV420H1 can promote chromatin condensates, another non-catalytic role that we speculate is needed for its heterochromatin functions. Together, our studies uncover and characterize the catalytic and non-catalytic mechanisms of SUV420H1, a key histone methyltransferase that plays an essential role in genomic stability.
Autophagy is Regulated by Mitochondrial Calcium Transporters NCLX and MCU

Autophagy is responsive to intracellular signals, including calcium (Ca 2+ ) ions. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ transporters such as the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU, an uptake pathway) and Na + /Li + /Ca 2+ exchanger (NCLX, an efflux pathway) are known to shape Ca 2+ signals within the cell, thereby regulating Ca 2+ -sensitive cellular processes. However, the interplay between MCU, NCLX, and autophagy is unknown, and investigating the crosstalk between these important metabolic and signaling nodes was the aim of this study. We evaluated autophagic activity using a wide array of experimental approaches after siRNA-mediated MCU or NCLX knockdown. Under nutrient replete conditions, reduced expression of either NCLX or MCU led to decreased autophagic activity as well as altered expression of several autophagy-related genes, without affecting mitochondrial ATP synthesis. The knockdown of NCLX resulted in marked reduction of LC3 expression and of activation of the AMPK-UKL1 pathway. Interestingly, NCLX expression was increased under autophagy-promoting conditions in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating it is both regulatory of and regulated by autophagic stimuli. Also, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of NCLX caused impaired autophagosome formation and reduced autophagic flux after serum and amino acid starvation. In conclusion, our results uncover an important role for mitochondrial Ca 2+ transport as a regulator of both basal and stimulated autophagic activity, modulating both autophagic initiation and autophagossome formation.
Retinotopic connectivity maps of human visual cortex with unconstrained eye movements

Human visual cortex contains topographic visual field maps whose organization can be revealed with retinotopic mapping. Unfortunately, constraints posed by standard mapping hinders its use in patients, atypical subject groups, and individuals at either end of the lifespan. This severely limits the conclusions we can draw about visual processing in such individuals. Here we present a novel data-driven method to estimate connective fields, fine-grained maps of the functional connectivity between brain areas. We find that inhibitory connectivity fields accompany, and often surround, facilitatory fields. The visual field extent of these inhibitory subfields falls off with cortical magnification. We further show that our method is robust to large eye movements and myopic defocus. Importantly, freed from the controlled stimulus conditions in standard mapping experiments, using entertaining stimuli and unconstrained eye movements our approach can generate retinotopic maps, including the periphery visual field hitherto only possible to map with special stimulus displays. Generally, our results show that the connective field method can gain knowledge about retinotopic architecture of visual cortex in patients and participants where this is at best difficult and confounded, if not impossible, with current methods.
Chemodiversity affects preference for Tanacetum vulgare chemotypes in two aphid species

Plants of the same species often strongly differ in morphological traits, as well as in the abundance and composition of specialized metabolite profiles. Specialized metabolites can act as mediators of interactions on plants, and affect insect presence and abundance in the field. However, how specialized chemistry shapes plant attractiveness to herbivorous insects is not fully understood. Here we used common tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L., Asteraceae) – a perennial plant that is highly diverse in terpenoid composition and is known to have variable chemotypes – to test whether 1) plants with different chemotype profiles differ in attractiveness to two specialized aphids, Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria and Uroleucon tanaceti, in pairwise choice assays. Furthermore, we tested whether 2) the diversity of the terpenoid blend affects aphid attractiveness. Lastly, we tested how 3) plant chemical traits relate to plant morphological traits, and which best explain aphid preference. We found that M. tanacetaria preferred two out of five chemotypes, dominated by α-thujone/β-thujone and β-trans-chrysanthenyl acetate, respectively, while avoiding a chemotype dominated by α-pinene/sabinene. U. tanaceti showed no clear preference towards chemotypes, but when given the choice between chemotypes dominated by α-thujone/β-thujone and by α-pinene/sabinene, they preferred the former. Importantly, plant attractiveness to aphids tended to be negatively correlated with chemodiversity, i.e., the number of terpenoid compounds, in M. tanacetaria, but not in U. tanaceti. Interestingly, the approximate concentration and number of terpenoid compounds was generally higher in larger and bushier plants. Hence, we did not observe a trade-off between plant growth and defence. We conclude that plant chemical composition affects plant attractiveness to aphids and hence may contribute to variation in natural aphid colonization patterns on plants of the same species.
Cryo-EM structure of the human Sirtuin 6-nucleosome complex

Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a multifaceted protein deacetylase/deacylase and a major target for small-molecule modulators of longevity and cancer. In the context of chromatin, SIRT6 removes acetyl groups from histone H3 in nucleosomes, but the molecular basis for its nucleosomal substrate preference is unknown. Our cryo-electron microscopy structure of human SIRT6 in complex with the nucleosome shows that the catalytic domain of SIRT6 pries DNA from the nucleosomal entry-exit site and exposes the histone H3 N-terminal helix, while the SIRT6 zinc-binding domain binds to the histone acidic patch using an arginine anchor. In addition, SIRT6 forms an inhibitory interaction with the C-terminal tail of histone H2A. The structure provides insights into how SIRT6 can deacetylate both H3 K9 and H3 K56. Teaser The structure of the SIRT6 deacetylase/nucleosome complex suggests how the enzyme acts on both histone H3 K9 and K56 residues.
Curved adhesions mediate cell attachment to soft matrix fibres in 3D

Mammalian cells adhere to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and sense mechanical cues through integrin-mediated adhesions1, 2. Focal adhesions and related structures are the primary architectures that transmit forces between the ECM and the actin cytoskeleton. Although focal adhesions are abundant when cells are cultured on rigid substrates, they are sparse in soft environments that cannot support high mechanical tensions3. Here, we report a new class of integrin-mediated adhesions, curved adhesions, whose formation is regulated by membrane curvature instead of mechanical tension. In soft matrices made of protein fibres, curved adhesions are induced by membrane curvatures imposed by the fibre geometry. Curved adhesions are mediated by integrin ɑVβ5 and are molecularly distinct from focal adhesions and clathrin lattices. The molecular mechanism involves a previously unknown interaction between integrin β5 and a curvature-sensing protein FCHo2. We find that curved adhesions are prevalent in physiologically relevant environments. Disruption of curved adhesions by knocking down integrin β5 or FCHo2 abolishes the migration of multiple cancer cell lines in 3D matrices. These findings provide a mechanism of cell anchorage to natural protein fibres that are too soft to support the formation of focal adhesions. Given their functional importance for 3D cell migration, curved adhesions may serve as a therapeutic target for future development.
Type IIA D-Branes, K-Theory

We show that all supersymmetric Type IIA D-branes can be constructed as bound states of a certain number of unstable non-supersymmetric Type IIA D9-branes. This string-theoretical construction demonstrates that D-brane charges in Type IIA theory on spacetime manifold X are classified by the higher K-theory group K 1 (X), as suggested recently by Witten. In particular, the system of N D0-branes can be obtained, for any N, in terms of sixteen Type IIA D9-branes. This suggests that the dynamics of Matrix theory is contained in the physics of magnetic vortices on the worldvolume of sixteen unstable D9-branes, described at low energies by a U(16) gauge theory. e-print archive: http://xxx.lanl. gov/abs/hep-th/9812135
The Hippo pathway terminal effector TAZ/WWTR1 mediates oxaliplatin sensitivity in colon cancer cells

YAP and TAZ, the Hippo pathway terminal transcriptional activators, are frequently upregulated in cancers. In tumor cells, they have been mainly associated with increased tumorigenesis controlling different aspects from cell cycle regulation, stemness, or resistance to chemotherapies. In fewer cases, they have also been shown to oppose cancer progression, including by promoting cell death through the action of the P73/YAP transcriptional complex, in particular after chemotherapeutic drug exposure. Using several colorectal cancer cell lines, we show here that oxaliplatin treatment led to a dramatic core Hippo pathway down-regulation and nuclear accumulation of TAZ. We further show that TAZ was required for the increased sensitivity of HCT116 cells to oxaliplatin, an effect that appeared independent of P73, but which required the nuclear relocalization of TAZ. Accordingly, Verteporfin and CA3, two drugs affecting the activity of YAP and TAZ, showed an antagonistic with oxaliplatin in co-treatments. Our results support thus an early action of TAZ to sensitize cells to oxaliplatin, consistent with a model in which nuclear TAZ in the context of DNA damage and P53 activity pushes cells towards apoptosis.
The genetic and physiological basis of Arabidopsis thaliana tolerance to Pseudomonas viridiflava

The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas viridiflava colonizes more than fifty agricultural crop species and is the most common Pseudomonas in the phyllosphere of European Arabidopsis thaliana populations. Belonging to the P. syringae complex, it is genetically and phenotypically distinct from well-characterized P. syringae sensu stricto. Despite its prevalence, we lack knowledge of how A. thaliana responds to its native isolates at the molecular level. Here, we characterize the host response in an A. thaliana - P. viridiflava pathosystem. We measured host and pathogen growth in axenic infections, and used immune mutants, transcriptomics, and metabolomics to determine defense pathways influencing susceptibility to P. viridiflava infection. Infection with P. viridiflava increased jasmonic acid (JA) levels and the expression of ethylene defense pathway marker genes. The immune response in a susceptible host accession was delayed compared to a tolerant one. Mechanical injury rescued susceptibility, consistent with an involvement of JA. The JA/ethylene pathway is important for suppression of P. viridiflava, yet suppression capacity varies between accessions. Our results shed light on how A. thaliana can suppress the ever-present P. viridiflava, but further studies are needed to understand how P. viridiflava evades this suppression to spread broadly across A. thaliana populations.
Valence-partitioned learning signals drive choice behavior and phenomenal subjective experience in humans

How the human brain generates conscious phenomenal experience is a fundamental problem. In particular, it is unknown how variable and dynamic changes in subjective affect are driven by interactions with objective phenomena. We hypothesize a neurocomputational mechanism that generates valence-specific learning signals associated with ‘what it is like’ to be rewarded or punished. Our hypothesized model maintains a partition between appetitive and aversive information while generating independent and parallel reward and punishment learning signals. This valence-partitioned reinforcement learning (VPRL) model and its associated learning signals are shown to predict dynamic changes in 1) human choice behavior, 2) phenomenal subjective experience, and 3) BOLD-imaging responses that implicate a network of regions that process appetitive and aversive information that converge on the ventral striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex during moments of introspection. Our results demonstrate the utility of valence-partitioned reinforcement learning as a neurocomputational basis for investigating mechanisms that may drive conscious experience. Highlights TD-Reinforcement Learning (RL) theory interprets punishments relative to rewards. Environmentally, appetitive and aversive events are statistically independent. Valence-partitioned RL (VPRL) processes reward and punishment independently. We show VPRL better accounts for human choice behavior and associated BOLD activity. VPRL signals predict dynamic changes in human subjective experience.