Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Health Care Provider Perspectives on Informal Supporters’ Involvement in HIV Care

Positive social support has been associated with medication adherence and slowed disease progression among people living with HIV. The nature of support within the medical context itself has not been adequately investigated, however. The purpose of our study was to describe HIV health care providers’ perspectives on informal supporter-oriented health care and whether and how the involvement of patients’ adult informal supporters in health care and health care decision making is helpful or beneficial. We conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with 11 HIV specialists between March and September, 2005. Using directed qualitative content analysis, we first describe the frequency and course of others’ involvement and the type of support provided. We then situate these findings within the context of role theory and consider the meaning they have in terms of the negotiated relationships among and between patients, providers, and informal supporters. Finally, we provide research and clinical recommendations based on these findings that are designed to improve patient care.
Nematic Electronic Structure in the “Parent” State of the Iron-Based Superconductor Ca(Fe1–xCox)2As2

Nematic Electronic Order in Iron Superconductors The properties of many high-temperature superconductors vary strongly as the composition of a doping element changes, and at sufficient under- or overdoping, other phases with different types of electronic ordering can form. Chuang et al. (p. 181; see the Perspective by Fradkin and Kivelson) use scanning tunneling microscopy techniques to probe the electronic structure of an underdoped compound in the iron superconductor family, Ca(Fe1−xCox)2As2. They observed periodic nanostructures oriented along Fe–Fe bonds that exhibit an electronic ordering related to ordering seen in nematic liquid crystals. Unusual electronic ordering was observed in surface measurements of an underdoped phase of a ferropnictide superconductor. The mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity in the newly discovered iron-based superconductors is unresolved. We use spectroscopic imaging–scanning tunneling microscopy to study the electronic structure of a representative compound CaFe1.94Co0. 06As2 in the “parent” state from which this superconductivity emerges. Static, unidirectional electronic nanostructures of dimension eight times the inter–iron-atom distance aFe-Fe and aligned along the crystal a axis are observed. In contrast, the delocalized electronic states detectable by quasiparticle interference imaging are dispersive along the b axis only and are consistent with a nematic α2 band with an apparent band folding having wave vector q≅±22π/8aFe-Fe along the a axis. All these effects rotate through 90 degrees at orthorhombic twin boundaries, indicating that they are bulk properties. As none of these phenomena are expected merely due to crystal symmetry, underdoped ferropnictides may exhibit a more complex electronic nematic state than originally expected.
Detecting Java Code Clones with Multi-granularities Based on Bytecode

Sequences of duplicate code, either with or without modification, are known as code clones or just clones. Code clones are generally considered undesirable for a number of reasons, although they can offer some convenience to developers. The detection of code clones helps to improve the quality of source code through software re-engineering. Numerous methods have been proposed for code clone detection in Java code. However, the existing methods are mostly based on the Java source code, while only a few focus on its bytecode, in fact, the Java bytecode reflects more of the semantic nature of the source code than the source code itself does. In this paper, we propose a novel code clone detection method based on Java bytecode. Using the block-level code fragments extracted from bytecode, it can simultaneously detect code clones at both method level and block level. In addition, during the process of code clone detection, the similarities of both method call sequences and instruction sequences are calculated in order to improve accuracy. We conduct two extensive experiments to evaluate the performance of our method. The results show that the proposed method can detect code clones more effectively than the state-of-the-art methods.
Supervised Approach to Recognize Question Type in a QA System for Health

Many attempts have been made in the QA domain but no system applicable to the field of health is currently available on the Internet. This paper describes a bilingual French/English question answering system adapted to the health domain and more particularly the detection of the question's model. Indeed, the Question Analyzer module for identifying the question's model has a greater effect on the rest of the QA system. Our original hypothesis for the QA is that a question can be defined by two criteria: type of answer expected and medical type. These two must appear in the step of detection of the model in order to better define the type of question and thus, the corresponding answer. For this, questions were searched on the Internet and then given to experts in order to obtain classifications according to criteria such as type of question and type of medical context as mentioned above. In addition, tests of supervised and non-supervised classification were made to determine features of questions. The result of this first step was that algorithms of classification were chosen. The results obtained showed that categorizers giving the best results were the SVM. Currently, for a set of 100 questions, 84 are well categorized in English and 68 in French according to the type of answer expected. This figures fall to less than 50% for the medical type. Evaluations have showed that the system was good to identify the type of answer expected and could be enhanced for the medical type. It leads us to use an external source of knowledge: UMLS. A future improvement will be the usage of UMLS semantic network to better categorize a query according to the medical domain.
Bayesian methods for design and analysis of safety trials

Safety assessment is essential throughout medical product development. There has been increased awareness of the importance of safety trials recently, in part due to recent US Food and Drug Administration guidance related to thorough assessment of cardiovascular risk in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Bayesian methods provide great promise for improving the conduct of safety trials. In this paper, the safety subteam of the Drug Information Association Bayesian Scientific Working Group evaluates challenges associated with current methods for designing and analyzing safety trials and provides an overview of several suggested Bayesian opportunities that may increase efficiency of safety trials along with relevant case examples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Answering Elementary Science Questions by Constructing Coherent Scenes using Background Knowledge

Much of what we understand from text is not explicitly stated. Rather, the reader uses his/her knowledge to fill in gaps and create a coherent, mental picture or “scene” depicting what text appears to convey. The scene constitutes an understanding of the text, and can be used to answer questions that go beyond the text. Our goal is to answer elementary science questions, where this requirement is pervasive; A question will often give a partial description of a scene and ask the student about implicit information. We show that by using a simple “knowledge graph” representation of the question, we can leverage several large-scale linguistic resources to provide missing background knowledge, somewhat alleviating the knowledge bottleneck in previous approaches. The coherence of the best resulting scene, built from a question/answer-candidate pair, reflects the confidence that the answer candidate is correct, and thus can be used to answer multiple choice questions. Our experiments show that this approach outperforms competitive algorithms on several datasets tested. The significance of this work is thus to show that a simple “knowledge graph” representation allows a version of “interpretation as scene construction” to be made viable.
The upper limit of physiologic cardiac hypertrophy in highly trained elite athletes.

BACKGROUND In some highly trained athletes, the thickness of the left ventricular wall may increase as a consequence of exercise training and resemble that found in cardiac diseases associated with left ventricular hypertrophy, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In these athletes, the differential diagnosis between physiologic and pathologic hypertrophy may be difficult. METHODS To address this issue, we measured left ventricular dimensions with echocardiography in 947 elite, highly trained athletes who participated in a wide variety of sports. RESULTS The thickest left ventricular wall among the athletes measured 16 mm. Wall thicknesses within a range compatible with the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (greater than or equal to 13 mm) were identified in only 16 of the 947 athletes (1.7 percent); 15 were rowers or canoeists, and 1 was a cyclist. Therefore, the wall was greater than or equal to 13 mm thick in 7 percent of 219 rowers, canoeists, and cyclists but in none of 728 participants in 22 other sports. All athletes with walls greater than or equal to 13 mm thick also had enlarged left ventricular end-diastolic cavities (dimensions, 55 to 63 mm). CONCLUSIONS On the basis of these data, a left-ventricular-wall thickness of greater than or equal to 13 mm is very uncommon in highly trained athletes, virtually confined to athletes training in rowing sports, and associated with an enlarged left ventricular cavity. In addition, the upper limit to which the thickness of the left ventricular wall may be increased by athletic training appears to be 16 mm. Therefore, athletes with a wall thickness of more than 16 mm and a nondilated left ventricular cavity are likely to have primary forms of pathologic hypertrophy, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Antibodies to Bluetongue and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Viruses in a Barrier Island White-tailed Deer Population

From 1981 through 1989, serum samples from 855 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Ossabaw Island, Georgia (USA), were tested for antibodies to bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV). During this period, prevalence of precipitating antibodies to BTV and EHDV as determined by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) tests decreased from 74% to 3% and from 34% to 1%, respectively. Antibodies were detected in serum samples from 0.5-yr-old deer only during 1981, 1982, and 1983, and with few exceptions, positive serological results after 1983 were restricted to older age classes. A decrease in prevalence of precipitating antibodies to BTV and EHDV in age classes exposed during 1981 indicates that AGID results from white-tailed deer populations underestimate the extent of previous exposure to these viruses. Serum neutralization test results from AGID-positive deer indicated that BTV 11 was the principal serotype responsible for infections during 1981. Since 1983, this serotype has been replaced by BTV 13; however, there has been a low level of transmission within the herd. Infection with EHDV 2 appeared most prevalent during 1982; as with BTV 13, there has been limited transmission in this high density deer population since 1983.
A Dependable Monitoring Mechanism Combining Static and Dynamic Anomaly Detection for Network Systems

Due to abuse by insiders or penetration by outsiders, network systems usually suffer various security issues. In order to achieve high dependable and low cost monitoring, this paper proposes a dependable monitoring mechanism combining static threshold-based and dynamic anomaly detection. Firstly, the performance metrics of host and network are collected through different methods. In static threshold-based detection phase, the secondary metrics are combined to several group items. When any group item exceeds its threshold, dynamic detection methods are adopt to further detect anomaly. In dynamic detection phase, PCA, joint Gaussian distribution, and Bayesian classification are combined to achieve low cost and efficient anomaly detection. Experimental results in a campus-wide network system show that the proposed dependable monitoring mechanism achieves low false negative (FN) rate and low false positive (FP) rate. The proposed monitoring mechanism outperforms PCA & Bayesian, and grouping detection methods.
Compartmentalized structure of the plasma membrane for receptor movements as revealed by a nanometer-level motion analysis

Movements of transferrin and alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor molecules in the plasma membrane of cultured normal rat kidney (NRK) fibroblastic cells were investigated by video-enhanced contrast optical microscopy with 1.8 nm spatial precision and 33 ms temporal resolution by labeling the receptors with the ligand-coated nanometer-sized colloidal gold particles. For both receptor species, most of the movement trajectories are of the confined diffusion type, within domains of approximately 0.25 microns2 (500-700 nm in diagonal length). Movement within the domains is random with a diffusion coefficient approximately 10(-9) cm2/s, which is consistent with that expected for free Brownian diffusion of proteins in the plasma membrane. The receptor molecules move from one domain to one of the adjacent domains at an average frequency of 0.034 s-1 (the residence time within a domain approximately 29 s), indicating that the plasma membrane is compartmentalized for diffusion of membrane receptors and that long- range diffusion is the result of successive intercompartmental jumps. The macroscopic diffusion coefficients for these two receptor molecules calculated on the basis of the compartment size and the intercompartmental jump rate are approximately 2.4 x 10(-11) cm2/s, which is consistent with those determined by averaging the long-term movements of many particles. Partial destruction of the cytoskeleton decreased the confined diffusion mode, increased the simple diffusion mode, and induced the directed diffusion (transport) mode. These results suggest that the boundaries between compartments are made of dynamically fluctuating membrane skeletons (membrane-skeleton fence model).
Flexible Online-Recommender-Systeme durch die Integration in ein Datenstrommanagementsystem

In dieser Arbeit wird eine exible, erweiterbare und dom an-enunbh angige Integration von Online-RecSys-Funktionen inein Datenstrommanagementsystem (DSMS) vorgestellt. Da-zu werden neue logische Operatoren eingef uhrt, mit der Nut-zer eines DSMS auf einer abstrakten Ebene RecSys-Funk-tionen nutzen k onnen. Des Weiteren wird eine beispielhafteRealisierung durch physische Operatoren vorgestellt, wie sieaus den logischen Operatoren durch Transformationsregelnerzeugt werden kann. Durch dieses Konzept k onnen Benut-zer ein RecSys mit Hilfe einer Anfragesprache auf die do-m anenspezi schen Bed urfnisse anpassen und mit anderenFunktionen eines DSMS kombinieren. Des Weiteren bringtein DSMS einige Eigenschaften (z.B. Anfrageplanoptimie-rung, Fragmentierung, Scheduling etc.) mit, von denen einOnline-RecSys pro tieren kann. Die Flexibilit at eines DSMSerm oglicht den Vergleich und die Evaluation verschiedenerRecSys-Algorithmen durch den Benutzer.
Novel Meiotic miRNAs and Indications for a Role of PhasiRNAs in Meiosis

Small RNAs (sRNA) add additional layers to the regulation of gene expression, with siRNAs directing gene silencing at the DNA level by RdDM (RNA-directed DNA methylation), and micro RNAs (miRNAs) directing post-transcriptional regulation of specific target genes, mostly by mRNA cleavage. We used manually isolated male meiocytes from maize (Zea mays) to investigate sRNA and DNA methylation landscapes during zygotene, an early stage of meiosis during which steps of meiotic recombination and synapsis of paired homologous chromosomes take place. We discovered two novel miRNAs from meiocytes, zma-MIR11969 and zma-MIR11970, and identified putative target genes. Furthermore, we detected abundant phasiRNAs of 21 and 24 nt length. PhasiRNAs are phased small RNAs which occur in 21 or 24 nt intervals, at a few hundred loci, specifically in male reproductive tissues in grasses. So far, the function of phasiRNAs remained elusive. Data from isolated meiocytes now revealed elevated DNA methylation at phasiRNA loci, especially in the CHH context, suggesting a role for phasiRNAs in cis DNA methylation. In addition, we consider a role of these phasiRNAs in chromatin remodeling/dynamics during meiosis. However, this is not well supported yet and will need more additional data. Here, we only lay out the idea due to other relevant literature and our additional observation of a peculiar GC content pattern at phasiRNA loci. Chromatin remodeling is also indicated by the discovery that histone genes were enriched for sRNA of 22 nt length. Taken together, we gained clues that lead us to hypothesize sRNA-driven DNA methylation and possibly chromatin remodeling during male meiosis in the monocot maize which is in line with and extends previous knowledge.
A compositional approach to concurrent object-oriented programming

Presents a model of concurrent object-oriented programming in which specification of computational behavior is separated from specification of interaction behavior of methods. This compositional approach to concurrent programming avoids some of the conceptual difficulties that have plagued the integration of concurrency and object-oriented models of programs. The compositional approach to concurrent object-oriented programming leads to declarative and incremental specification of interaction behavior and, thus, to object/method definitions that can be readily adapted to different parallel execution environments. The approach supports inheritance of both method and synchronization specifications. Compositional programming avoids the so-called "inheritance anomaly". <<ETX>>
Temporal prepositions and intervals in Spanish. Variation in the grammar of hasta and desde

In many varieties of American Spanish, the temporal preposition hasta 'until' is able to modify telic predicates in the absence of negation. Previous analyses argue for either a hidden negation or a special punctual reading of this preposition. We show that these analyses make a number of wrong predictions, and should be abandoned. Our account hinges on the idea that hasta licenses a temporal phase previous to the telic predicate, somehow similar to the one that in PP complements (in one hour) create in English and many other languages in similar structures. We also show that desde (‘since’) is able to behave in a parallel way in some varieties of American Spanish, thus licensing intervals subsequent to temporal points. Several arguments are presented favoring compositional analyses of these (and some other) temporal prepositions subject to Aktionsart restrictions, as opposed to approaches which introduce multiplication of senses.
Ex-situ time-lapse x-ray CT study of 3D micro-structural fatigue damage evolution in uni-directional composites

directional composites DTU Orbit (14/12/2018) Ex-situ time-lapse x-ray CT study of 3D micro-structural fatigue damage evolution in uni-directional composites In this study, the progress of damage under tension-tension fatigue of a uni-directional (UD) glass fibre composite made from a non-crimp fabric is studied using transilluminated white light imaging (TWLI) and X-ray computed tomography (CT). TWLI images are automatically captured throughout the fatigue test, and at two damage levels the test is stopped and the sample is examined by X-ray computed tomography. From the TWLI observations it is apparent that part of the measured initial stiffness drop might be caused by edge effects rather than offaxis cracking. Some of the off-axis cracks are seen to initiate already after the first cycle, whereas some grow gradually and others appear suddenly during cycling. The off-axis cracks are observed to saturate after a few thousand cycles. The UD fibre fracture damage in the region observed by X-ray CT is probably already saturated at the first interruption point, as no significant change is seen between the two X-ray images. However, the study indicates how TWLI can be used as an initial indicator to locate damage regions at an early stage for the future ex-situ X-ray CT experiments.
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid sources and evaluation of their nutritional and functional properties

Recent studies have clearly shown the importance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (as essential fatty acids) and their nutritional value for human health. In this review, various sources, nutritional properties, and metabolism routes of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are introduced. Since the conversion efficiency of linoleic acid (LA) to arachidonic acid (AA) and also α-linolenic acid (ALA) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosatetraenoic acid (EPA) is low in humans, looking for the numerous sources of AA, EPA and EPA fatty acids. The sources include aquatic (fish, crustaceans, and mollusks), animal sources (meat, egg, and milk), plant sources including 20 plants, most of which were weeds having a good amount of LC-PUFA, fruits, herbs, and seeds; cyanobacteria; and microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, microalgae, and diatoms).
Transcription Factor Expression in the Hypothalamo-Neurohypophyseal System of the Dehydrated Rat: Upregulation of Gonadotrophin Inducible Transcription Factor 1 mRNA Is Mediated by cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase A

The supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system (HNS) undergo a dramatic function-related plasticity during dehydration. We hypothesize that alterations in steady-state transcript levels might be partially responsible for this remodeling. In turn, regulation of transcript abundance might be mediated by transcription factors. We used microarrays to identify changes in the expression of mRNAs encoding transcription factors in response to water deprivation in the SON. We observed downregulation of 10 and upregulation of 28 transcription factor transcripts. For five of the upregulated mRNAs, namely gonadotropin inducible ovarian transcription factor 1 (Giot1), Giot2, cAMP-responsive element binding protein 3-like 1, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β, and activating transcription factor 4, in situ hybridization was used to confirm the array results, demonstrating a significant increase in expression in SON and PVN magnocellular neurons (MCNs) after 3 d of water deprivation and, in some cases, upregulation in parvocellular PVN neurons. Using a viral vector expressing a potent inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), we show that the osmotically induced increase in the abundance of transcripts encoding Giot1 is mediated in vivo by the PKA pathway. We thus suggest that signaling pathways activated by dehydration in MCNs mediate transcription factor gene activation, which, in turn, regulate target genes that mediate HNS remodeling.
Tracking elephant flows in internet backbone traffic with an FPGA-based cache

This paper presents an FPGA-friendly approach to tracking elephant flows in network traffic. Our approach, Single Step Segmented Least Recently Used (S3-LRU) policy, is a network traffic-friendly replacement policy for maintaining flow states in a Naïive Hash Table (NHT). We demonstrate that our S3-LRU approach preserves elephant flows: conservatively promoting potential elephants and evicting lowrate flows in LRU manner. Our approach keeps flow-state of any elephant since start-of-day and provides a significant improvement over filtering approaches proposed in previous work. Our FPGA-based implementation of the S3-LRU in combination with an NHT suites well the parallel access to block memories while capitalising on the retuning of parameters through dynamic-reprogramming.