Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Kinetic Model of the Circulatory Regulation of Tissue Plasminogen Activator

Summary A computer simulation was developed to study the regulation of active tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) levels in plasma by kinetically modeling t-PA secretion, t-PA inhibition by plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), and hepatic clearance of t-PA, PAI-1 and t-PA/PAI-1 complex throughout a simplified human circulatory system. The model indicates that as the active PAI-1 concentration increases, the percent of t-PA in the active form decreases exponentially. Further, the reaction between t-PA and PAI-1 substantially reduces the half-lives of both active factors. By adjusting the t-PA and PAI-1 secretion rates to provide the best fit between simulated and measured circadian variations in t-PA, PAI-1 and complex, the model predicts that the diurnal rhythm in active t-PA levels is principally due to changes in the rate of PAI-1 secretion and not to variations in the t-PA secretion rate. In conclusion, the model predicts that PAI-1 is an important regulator of the concentration, half-life and circadian variation of active t-PA.
Zr- AND Ba-RICH MINERALS FROM THE PONTE NOVA ALKALINE MAFIC-ULTRAMAFIC MASSIF, SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL: INDICATION OF AN ENRICHED MANTLE SOURCE

Zirconium- and Ba-rich minerals are found in gabbroic rocks from the Ponte Nova alkaline mafic-ultramafic massif in southeastern Brazil. The unusual mineralogical assemblage includes zirconolite, baddeleyite, Ba-rich alkali feldspar, and Ba- and Ti-rich biotite. Zirconolite of the Ponte Nova massif has higher levels of Zr (up to 1.172 apfu ) than those registered in other terrestrial rocks and a prominent enrichment in the light rare-earth elements. Baddeleyite contains small quantities of Hf, Ti, and Fe. The Ba-rich alkali feldspar and Ba- and Ti-rich biotite contain up to 9.25 and 7.35 wt% BaO, respectively, and the biotite contains up to 12.01 wt% TiO 2 . In the different intrusions of the Ponte Nova massif, such an unusual assemblage typifies the residual magma after the crystallization of clinopyroxene and olivine from previously enriched basanitic parental magma. The different trends of enrichments in REE and Th + U found for zirconolite of the intrusions of the Ponte Nova massif provide a better understanding of the variable degrees of enrichment of incompatible elements of the distinct gabbroic bodies. A lithospheric mantle source enriched in incompatible elements by the metasomatic action of volatile-rich fluids and with the presence of phlogopite or amphibole (or both) and other minor accessory phases could explain the presence of the Zr- and Ba-rich minerals in this gabbroic massif.
The Influence of Lateral Connections on the Structure of Cortical Maps

Maps of ocular dominance and orientation in primary visual cortex have a highly characteristic structure. The factors that determine this structure are still largely unknown. In particular, it is unclear how short-range excitatory and inhibitory connections between nearby neurons influence structure both within and between maps. Using a generalized version of a well-known computational model of visual cortical map development, we show that the number of excitatory and inhibitory oscillations in this interaction function critically influences map structure. Specifically, we demonstrate that functions that oscillate more than once do not produce maps closely resembling those seen biologically. This strongly suggests that local lateral connections in visual cortex oscillate only once and have the form of a Mexican hat.
Longitudinal evaluation of early Alzheimer's disease using brain perfusion SPECT.

UNLABELLED The aim of this SPECT study was to determine the initial abnormality and longitudinal changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). METHODS rCBF was noninvasively measured using (99m)Tc-ethyl cysteinate dimer SPECT in 32 patients complaining of mild cognitive impairment, with a Mini-Mental State Examination score more than 24 at the initial study, and 45 age-matched healthy volunteers. All patients satisfied the diagnostic criteria of AD during the follow-up period of at least 2 y. Follow-up SPECT studies were performed on the patients at a mean interval of 15 mo. We used the raw data (absolute rCBF parametric maps) and the adjusted rCBF images of relative flow distribution (normalization of global cerebral blood flow [CBF] for each subject to 50 mL/100 g/min with proportional scaling) to compare these groups with SPM. RESULTS In the baseline study, the adjusted rCBF was significantly and bilaterally decreased in the posterior cingulate gyri and precunei of patients compared with healthy volunteers. In the follow-up study, selected reduction of the adjusted rCBF was observed in the left hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus. These areas showed the most prominent reduction in absolute rCBF on each occasion. Moreover, further decline of the absolute rCBF was longitudinally observed in extensive areas of the cerebral association cortex. CONCLUSION SPM analysis showed the characteristic early-AD rCBF pattern of selective decrease and longitudinal decline, which may be overlooked by a conventional region-of-interest technique with observer a priori choice and hypothesis. This alteration in rCBF may closely relate to the pathophysiologic process of this disease.
Exploration on survival strategies of rural women in Qumbu, Eastern Cape

African family structures have not been systematically studied in South Africa. This is a pilot study of household structures in the Qumbu village at the Mhlontlo district in the Eastern Cape. I researched household arrangements in the area, whether migration of husbands to the cities has disrupted the traditional family unit, what the survival strategies are of these women, and whether survival strategies influence household structure. Fifteen households were surveyed. Questions asked included marital status, household size, ways of earning a living, alternative survival strategies to wage employment and government social grants, contributions to the household, government role to such families, any knowledge about self help groups and decision making skills, power relations, perception of future developments in their communities, fulfillment of essential needs and service rendering, etc. The study revealed that since traditional family units were disrupted by migration, and wives were left at home to take care for the children, the traditional “extended” African household, dependent on various survival strategies. The main categories are: Five women survived through receiving social grants from the Department of Social Development. Four were domestic workers, three were supported by their lovers whom are from extra marital affair, two from doing piece jobs in the community and 01 from community projects. The majority have no wage employment and make a living on the land where they dwell, but because of migration, rural food production has declined. However, the community survives also by supporting each other, for example, kin and community networks and neighborliness account for much of the survival strategies. Many men migrate to the cities, and as a result wives have different feelings towards male migrancy such as anger, regret, self blame, confusion and powerlessness. Dominantly in black societies grandmothers play a vital role in maintaining households and raising the children of migrants
Cloning and Sequencing of a Cluster of Genes Encoding Branched-Chain (cid:97) -Keto Acid Dehydrogenase from Streptomyces avermitilis and the Production of a Functional E1[ (cid:97)(cid:98) ] Component in Escherichia coli

A cluster of genes encoding the E1 (cid:97) , E1 (cid:98) , and E2 subunits of branched-chain (cid:97) -keto acid dehydrogenase (BCDH) of Streptomyces avermitilis has been cloned and sequenced. Open reading frame 1 (ORF1) (E1 (cid:97) ), 1,146 nucleotides long, would encode a polypeptide of 40,969 Da (381 amino acids). ORF2 (E1 (cid:98) ), 1,005 nucleotides long, would encode a polypeptide of 35,577 Da (334 amino acids). The intergenic distance between ORF1 and ORF2 is 73 bp. The putative ATG start codon of the incomplete ORF3 (E2) overlaps the stop codon of ORF2. Computer-aided searches showed that the deduced products of ORF1 and ORF2 resembled the corresponding E1 subunit ( (cid:97) or (cid:98) ) of several prokaryotic and eukaryotic BCDH complexes. When these ORFs were overex-pressed in Escherichia coli , proteins of about 41 and 34 kDa, which are the approximate masses of the predicted S. avermitilis ORF1 and ORF2 products, respectively, were detected. In addition, speciﬁc E1[
Dihydrotestosterone and the concept of 5alpha-reductase inhibition in human benign prostatic hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVE The development of the human benign prostatic hyperplasia clearly requires a combination of testicular androgens and aging. Although the role of androgens as the causative factor for human benign prostatic hyperplasia is debated, they undoubtedly have at least a permissive role. The principal prostatic androgen is dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Although not elevated in human benign prostatic hyperplasia, DHT levels in the prostate remain at a normal level with aging, despite a decrease in the plasma testosterone. RESULTS DHT is generated by reduction of testosterone. Two isoenzymes of 5alpha-reductase have been discovered. Type 1 is present in most tissues of the body where 5alpha-reductase is expressed and is the dominant form in sebaceous glands. Type2 5alpha-reductase is the dominant isoenzyme in genital tissues, including the prostate. Finasteride is a 5alpha-reductase inhibitor that has been used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and male-pattern baldness. At doses used clinically, its major effect is through suppression of type 2 5alpha-reductase, because it has a much lower affinity for the type 1 isoenzyme. Finasteride suppresses DHT by about 70% in serum and by as much as 85-90% in the prostate. The remaining DHT in the prostate is likely to be the result of type 1 5alpha-reductase. Suppression of both 5alpha-reductase isoenzymes with GI198745 result in greater and more consistent suppression of serum dihydrotestosterone than that observed with a selective inhibitor of type 2 5alpha-reductase. Physiological and clinical studies comparing dual 5alpha-reductase inhibitors, such as GI198745, with selective type 2, such as finasteride, will be needed to determine the clinical relevance of type 1 5alpha-reductase within the prostate. Two large international multicenter, phase III trials have been published documenting the safety and efficacy of finasteride in the treatment of human benign prostatic hyperplasia. Combining these two studies, randomized, controlled data are available for 12 months. Noncontrolled extension of these data from a subset of patients, who elected to continue drug treatment for 3, 4 or 5 years, are also available. Long-term medical therapy with finasteride can reduce clinically significant endpoints such as acute urinary retention or surgery. According to the meta-analysis of six randomised clinical trial with finasteride, finasteride is most effective in men with large prostates. A more effective dual inhibitor of type 1 and 2 human 5alpha-reductase may lower circulating DHT to a greater extent than finasteride and show advantages in the treatment of human benign prostatic hyperplasia and other disease states that depend on DHT. CONCLUSION Clinical evaluation of potent dual 5alpha-reductase inhibitors may help define the relative roles of human type 1 and 2 5alpha-reductase in the pathophysiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia and other androgen-dependent diseases.
Validation of aircraft-measured land surface emissivity

This paper evaluates the performance of two techniques currently under development for use in the future validation of AIRS surface emissivity measurements over the Southern Great Plains Atmospheric Radiation Measurement site in Oklahoma, USA. The first technique involves a simultaneous retrieval of atmospheric temperature and water vapor, sruface skin temperature, and surface emissivity using a statistical approach; the second, a relative retrieval of the relative surface emissivity from spectral radiance observations between gaseous absorption lines. High spectral resolution upwelling radiance measurements from the aircraft-based NPOESS Atmospheric Sounder Testbed-Interferometer (NAST-I) obtained during the ARM/FIRE Water Vapor Experiment 2000 and Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellites 2001 were used to compare each method. Surface truth was provided by ground-based Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer measurements.
A robust automatic registration method for hand-held structured light 3D scanner

There is currently a very strong need for building 3D models of the visible surface for a wide variety of objects in shape and size. A hand-held 3D scanner is a useful tool in many situations, in case of the single measurement range size, the sensor-tracking devices or surface markers are need to realize multiple view alignment, thus limiting their functionality. We propose an efficient fast registration methods based on both texture and geometry which can bring in additional information and compensate for ambiguities in the other cues. Together, we can use rotation-invariant geometric or photometric feature descriptors to extract faithful corresponding points for matching without sensor-tracking devices or surface markers. Meanwhile, range data alignment based on photometric properties is performed better using a RANSAC algorithm to rule out mismatching. Experimental results with real objects indicate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. We have applied this method to hand-held structured light 3D scanner. It realizes a single view 3D measurement within 0.12S and Real-time global registration.
Variability in bedform morphology and kinematics with transport stage

Bedform geometry is widely recognized to be a function of transport stage. Bedform aspect ratio (height/length) increases with transport stage, reaches a maximum, then decreases as bedforms washout to a plane bed. Bedform migration rates are also linked to bedform geometry, in so far as smaller bedforms in coarser sediment tend to migrate faster than larger bedforms in finer sediment. However, how bedform morphology (height, length and shape) and kinematics (translation and deformation) change with transport stage and suspension have not been examined. A series of experiments is presented where initial flow depth and grain size were held constant and the transport stage was varied to produce bedload dominated, mixed‐load dominated and suspended‐load dominated conditions. The results show that the commonly observed pattern in bedform aspect ratio occurs because bedform height increases then decreases with transport stage, against a continuously increasing bedform length. Bedform size variability increased with transport stage, leading to less uniform bedform fields at higher transport stage. Total translation‐related and deformation‐related sediment fluxes all increased with transport stage. However, the relative contribution to the total flux changed. At the bedload dominated stage, translation‐related and deformation‐related flux contributed equally to the total flux. As the transport stage increased, the fraction of the total load contributed by translation increased and the fraction contributed by deformation declined because the bedforms got bigger and moved faster. At the suspended‐load dominated transport stage, the deformation flux increased and the translation flux decreased as a fraction of the total load, approaching one and zero, respectively, as bedforms washed out to a plane bed.
Representation is Representation of Similarities

Intelligent systems are faced with the problem of securing a principled relationship between the world and its internal representation. I propose a unified approach to visual representation, based on Shepard''s (1968) notion of second-order isomorphism. According to the proposed theory, a shape is prepresented by its similarity to a number of reference shapes, measured in a high-dimensional space of elementary features. The result is a philosophically appealing, computationally feasible and formally veridical representation of a distal shape space, which addresses the needs of shape categorization and can be used to derive a range of models of perceived similarity.
Quantifying the effect of capillarity on attenuation and dispersion in patchy-saturated rocks

ABSTRACTWaves in patchy-saturated rocks are attenuated through the mechanism of wave-induced pressure diffusion. Previous studies reveal that attenuation and phase-velocity dispersion depend on the fluid patch size and distribution. These patch characteristics in turn can be influenced by capillary forces. The effect of capillarity on wave attenuation in patchy-saturated rocks is not fully understood. We studied the combined effects of wave-induced pressure diffusion and capillarity on acoustic signatures. To do so we made use of the concept of patch membrane stiffness as a macroscopic expression of capillarity. We incorporated the membrane stiffness into the continuous random media model of patchy saturation. The membrane stiffness is associated with a pressure discontinuity at patch interfaces. This pressure discontinuity impedes wave-induced pressure diffusion and, therefore, reduces wave attenuation. Conversely, the phase velocity increases due to additional capillarity reinforcement. We applied this .
Fuzzy feature matching between infrared image and optical image

Fuzzy feature extraction and image information analysis for the infrared image and optical image are studied firstly, and fuzzy gradient profile direction detection processing is presented in this paper. Then the relationship between infrared image and optical image is described. Through analyzing the images, a description-based fuzzy feature matching algorithm is proposed. Computational simulation and experiment results using infrared image and optical image are presented finally.
The dependence of wind stress on wave height and wind speed

Three near-neutral boundary layer data sets were investigated with the aim of finding a dependence of wind stress on both wind speed and significant wave height. The data set most representative of open ocean wave height, wind speed, and momentum flux conditions, was selected and analyzed by means of the least squares method to produce a new parameterization for the wind stress as a function of both wind speed and significant wave height. This study shows that the wind stress, and consequently the drag coefficient, decreases with increasing wave height for a fixed wind speed. The study also shows that the curvature of the wind profile decreases with increasing wave height and that the CDN = A + BŪ(10) form for the drag coefficient parameterization is inadequate. A drag coefficient that applies to both smooth and rough flows is proposed. These results are more applicable for open ocean, deep water conditions and less applicable for sheltered, closed, shallow water sites.
Paleozoic Subduction-Accretion-Closure Histories in the West Mongolian Segment of the Paleo-Asian Ocean: Evidence from Pressure-Temperature-Time-Protolith Evolution of High-Mg and -Al Gneisses in the Altai Mountains

High-Mg, high-Al metasedimentary gneisses from the Altai Mountains, Mongolia, belonging to a subduction-accretion complex within the Central Asian Orogenic Belt can be divided into five rock types on the basis of mineral assemblages. Most rock types have high MgO and Al2O3 content and low CaO, Na2O, Rb, and Sr content. All rock types experienced a similar medium-pressure metamorphism characterized by a “hairpin”-shaped counterclockwise pressure-temperature path. U-Pb zircon and U-Th-Pb monazite ages indicated metamorphism at ca. 356 Ma and 277 Ma and inherited ages of 510–379 Ma, suggesting possible provenance to granitoids comparable to those in the Altai Mountains, China. The zircons that newly nucleated at ca. 356 Ma are characterized by high concentrations of light rare earth elements without a Ce anomaly—features common in zircons from hydrothermally altered rocks and a reducing environment. Petrological and geochronological results in this study suggest the following tectonic evolution: (1) continuous subduction and accretion of paleo-Asian oceanic crust during the Early Paleozoic, resulting in periodic granitoid magmatism in the period 510–380 Ma and a continuous supply of granite-derived sediments providing detrital zircon and monazite grains to the accretionary prism; (2) ridge subduction during the Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous (ca. 356 Ma), resulting in hydrothermal metamorphism of the accretionary prism and interaction with seawater that produced rocks with unusual whole-rock chemistry; and (3) closure of the ocean leading to continental collision in the Early Permian (ca. 277 Ma), with part of the accretionary prism squeezed into lower crustal levels to form medium-pressure metamorphic rocks.
SVD-free Low-rank Matrix Factorization - Wavefield Reconstruction Via Jittered Subsampling and Reciprocity

Recently computationally efficient rank optimization techniques have been studied extensively to develop a new mathematical tool for the seismic data interpolation. So far, matrix completion problems have been discussed where sources are subsample according to a discrete uniform distribution. In this paper, we studied the effect of two different subsampling techniques on seismic data interpolation using rank-regularized formulations, namely jittered subsampling over uniform random subsampling. The other objective of this paper is to combine the fact of source-receiver reciprocity with the rank-minimization techniques to enhance the accuracy of missing-trace interpolation. We illustrate the advantages of jittered subsampling and reciprocity using a seismic line from Gulf of Suez to obtain high quality results for interpolation, a key application in exploration geophysics.
A real‐time model‐observation comparison of F 2 peak electron densities during the Upper Atmospheric Research Collaboratory campaign of October 1997

The first-principles, time-dependent Thermosphere-Ionosphere Nested Grid (TING) Model has been run automatically in real time to support the Upper Atmospheric Research Collaboratory (UARC) campaigns. This real-time modeling capability is the first published description of the running of a comprehensive model of the coupled thermosphere-ionosphere system that successfully performs real-time nowcasts and short-term forecasts of the upper atmosphere. These nowcasts and forecasts use observed real-time geophysical parameters as model input. Real-time modeling also provides an opportunity to evaluate rigorously the accuracy of the model for space weather purposes by comparing model outputs with observations. Digisonde-derived F2 peak electron densities from three sites (Millstone Hill, Tromso, and Sondre Stromfjord) were compared with the corresponding TING model outputs during the October 14–29, 1997, UARC campaign. It is found that under solar minimum, equinox, geomagnetically quiet conditions, the F2 peak electron densities simulated by the model were in good agreement with those observed by the Digisondes. At both midlatitudes and high latitudes the TING Model almost reproduced the observed diurnal variations of F2 peak electron densities. There were, however, short-period variations of F2 peak electron densities during both day and night that were not simulated by the model.