Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Introduction: towards a Coherent Trade and Employment Policy

1 Ralf Peters contributed to this publication during his stay at the International Labour Office (ILO) as the chief technical advisor for the EU-financed project " Assessing and Adressing the Effects of Trade on Employment " that has provided funding for this publication. The opinions expressed in this chapter can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the EU, the ILO or the UNCTAD. In the era of globalization, most economists and policy-makers have asserted that trade liberalization has a strong potential to contribute to growth and that those effects will be beneficial for employment. This belief has strongly influenced the liberalization policies of the last 25 years, in multilateral, regional and bilateral settings. Yet survey evidence illustrates that negative perceptions of the labour market effects of trade are frequent and persistent among the population, particularly in the industrialized world but increasingly also in developing countries. Recent surveys show an increasing concern about income and job security (Milberg and Winkler, 2011). In the United States, 40 per cent of respondents to a recent survey expected that the next generation will have lower standards of living (Anderson and Gascon, 2007). Some 62 per cent said job security had declined; and 59 per cent said that they were having to work harder to earn a decent living. Surveys also show that concern about job security and job quality is often linked to increases in trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) in the perception of the public. Approximately 75 per cent of US respondents replied that " outsourcing overseas hurts American workers ". Another survey shows that about half of North Americans and Europeans think that " freer trade " results in more job destruction than job creation (German Marshall Fund, 2007). Those numbers, however, do not indicate that interviewees have an entirely negative perception of globalization. Indeed, evidence based on surveys that make a distinction between growth and employment impacts of globalization reveals Acknowledgements This paper has been published as a chapter in the ILO-EU co-publication " Trade and Employment: From Myths to Facts " Xirinachs (Eds.)) that has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this chapter are the sole responsibility of the authors and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union or the International Labour Organization.
Design of low-cost and easy-assemblable robotic hands with stiff and elastic gear trains

This paper proposes a method to design low-cost robotic hands that require almost toolless assembly, and have special transmissions and joint mechanisms. The transmissions consist of active and passive gear trains manufactured by 3D printers to realize coordinated motions among joints and to transmit the driving force to underactuated joints. The joints are designed with pop-in structures to simplify the assembly of the designed robotic hands and its maintenance. The robotic hands even enabled us to exchange some components without necessitating a shutdown. By using these techniques, we manufactured two robotic hands with different passive gear trains. One of the hands had three fingers with stiff constrained gear trains and soft fingertips, and the other had five fingers with elastic gear trains. Experiments were conducted to validate the performance of the proposed robotic hands and to clarify the roles of the different gear trains.
Acquisition of Named-Entity-Related Relations for Searching

Named entities (NEs) are important in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications, and discovering NE-related relations in texts may be beneficial for these applications. This paper proposes a method to extract the ISA relation between a “named entity” and its category, and an IS-RELATED-TO relation between the category and its related object. Based on the pattern extraction algorithm “Person Category Extraction” (PCE), we extend it for solving our problem. Our experiments on Wall Street Journal (WSJ) corpus show promising results. We also demonstrate a possible application of these relations by utilizing them for semantic search.
A facultative endosymbiont in aphids can provide diverse ecological benefits

Ecologically important traits of insects are often affected by facultative bacterial endosymbionts. This is best studied in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, which is frequently infected by one or more of eight facultative symbiont species. Many of these symbiont species have been shown to provide one ecological benefit, but we have little understanding of the range of effects that a single strain can have. Here, we describe the phenotypes conferred by three strains of the recently discovered bacterium known as X‐type (Enterobacteriaceae), each in their original aphid genotype which also carries a Spiroplasma symbiont. All comparisons are made between aphids that are coinfected with Spiroplasma and X‐type and aphids of the same genotype that harbour only Spiroplasma. We show that in all cases, infection with X‐type protects aphids from the lethal fungal pathogen Pandora neoaphidis, and in two cases, resistance to the parasitoid Aphidius ervi also increases. X‐type can additionally affect aphid stress responses – the presence of X‐type increased reproduction after the aphids were heat‐stressed. Two of the three strains of X‐type are able to provide all of these benefits. Under benign conditions, the aphids tended to suffer from reduced fecundity when harbouring X‐type, a mechanism that might maintain intermediate frequencies in field populations. These findings highlight that a single strain of a facultative endosymbiont has the potential to provide diverse benefits to its aphid host.
Roles for the Rhodobacter sphaeroidesCcmA and CcmG Proteins

ABSTRACT Rhodobacter sphaeroides cells containing an in-frame deletion within ccmA lack detectable soluble and membrane-bound c-type cytochromes and are unable to grow under conditions where these proteins are required. Only strains merodiploid for ccmABCDG were found after attempting to generate cells containing either a ccmG null mutation or accmA allele that should be polar on to expression ofccmBCDG, suggesting that CcmG has another important role inR. sphaeroides.
Children's Comprehension of Relative Clauses

This study investigates the comprehension of different Cantonese relative clauses by seventy Cantonese-speaking children aged 4,0 to 8;0. Each child was presented with six sentence types distinguished by the functional roles of the head noun phrase and of the relativized noun phrase. The child was instructed to act out the action using toys according to the sentence spoken. The findings show that structural processing strategies, including the noun verb noun strategy, the Minimal Distance Principle and Parallel Function Hypothesis, lead to wrong predictions about the order of difficulty of several sentence types. These strategies cannot be extended to sentences with relativization involving resumptive pronouns in Cantonese. This paper discusses strategies based on syntactic structure and the two-stage parsing model.
An on-Line Measuring Method of Production Plan Track in Core Enterprise Under Supply Chain

Based on the features of production plan and control in core enterprise under supply chain, according to the modern data fusion theory, the paper presents an automatic on-line measuring method of distributed production plan track by using the multi-sensor and multi-layered compound data fusion strategy founded on field bus. First, utilizing the wavelet analysis method, the data that comes from the field sensors is processed by pretreatments including anti-jamming and noise-removing and property-distilling, then through the CAN field bus, the data is transmitted to the center data fusion unit which contains several model fusion methods and enters into the suitable fusion arithmetic to complete the fusion separately and automatically on the basis of the type of the data, finally the output information comes into the expert arbitration unit to realize the machining accuracy data of a working procedure that has finished justly and the faults of the machine tools and cutting-tools etc. By the input data from the expert arbitration unit, it will reschedule job-shop production plan, so as to realize the right time to finish productive task (JIT). At the same time, it can provide data guarantee for the production plan and control in core enterprise under supply chain. The result presented in this paper shows that the method is feasible and efficient
Faces of pain: automated measurement of spontaneousallfacial expressions of genuine and posed pain

We present initial results from the application of an automated facial expression recognition system to spontaneous facial expressions of pain. In this study, 26 participants were videotaped under three experimental conditions: baseline, posed pain, and real pain. In the real pain condition, subjects experienced cold pressor pain by submerging their arm in ice water. Our goal was to automatically determine which experimental condition was shown in a 60 second clip from a previously unseen subject. We chose a machine learning approach, previously used successfully to categorize basic emotional facial expressions in posed datasets as well as to detect individual facial actions of the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) (Littlewort et al, 2006; Bartlett et al., 2006). For this study, we trained 20 Action Unit (AU) classifiers on over 5000 images selected from a combination of posed and spontaneous facial expressions. The output of the system was a real valued number indicating the distance to the separating hyperplane for each classifier. Applying this system to the pain video data produced a 20 channel output stream, consisting of one real value for each learned AU, for each frame of the video. This data was passed to a second layer of classifiers to predict the difference between baseline and pained faces, and the difference between expressions of real pain and fake pain. Naíve human subjects tested on the same videos were at chance for differentiating faked from real pain, obtaining only 52% accuracy. The automated system was successfully able to differentiate faked from real pain. In an analysis of 26 subjects, the system obtained 72% correct for subject independent discrimination of real versus fake pain on a 2-alternative forced choice. Moreover, the most discriminative facial action in the automated system output was AU 4 (brow lower), which all was consistent with findings using human expert FACS codes.
Dynamics and coordinate systems in skilled sensorimotor activity

Skilled sensorimotor activities entail the creation of complex kinematic patterns by actors using their limbs and speech articulators. Examples of kinematic patterns include trajectories over time of a reaching hand's position, velocity, or acceleration variables, the spatial shape of the path taken by a hand-held pen during handwriting, or the relative timing of the speech articulators to produce the phonemes Ipl, lei, and In! in the word "pen". The term dynamics is used to refer to the vector field of forces that underlies and gives rise to an action's observable kinematic patterns. In this chapter, a dynamical account of skilled activity is reviewed in which skilled behavior is characterized as much as possible as that of a relatively autonomous, self-organizing dynamical system. In such systems, task-appropriate kinematics are viewed as emerging from the system's underlying dynamical organization (e.g., Beek, 1989; Saltzman & Munhall, 1989; Schoner & Kelso, 1988; Turvey, 1990). Thus, the emphasis of the present account is on a dynamical description, rather than a kinematic one, of sensorimotor skills. For example, an extreme and admittedly exaggerated "straw man" counter-hypothesis is that of a central executive or homunculus that produces a given movement pattern with reference to an internal kinematic template of the form, tracing out the form provided by the template, and using the articulators as a
Role of pfkA and General Carbohydrate Catabolism in Seed Colonization by Enterobacter cloacae

ABSTRACT Enterobacter cloacae A-11 is a transposon mutant of strain 501R3 that was deficient in cucumber spermosphere colonization and in the utilization of certain carbohydrates (D. P. Roberts, C. J. Sheets, and J. S. Hartung, Can. J. Microbiol. 38:1128–1134, 1992). In vitro growth of strain A-11 was reduced or deficient on most carbohydrates that supported growth of strain 501R3 but was unaffected on fructose, glycerol, and all amino acids and organic acids tested. Colonization by strain A-11 was significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05) for cucumber and radish seeds compared to that of strain 501R3, but colonization of pea, soybean, sunflower, and sweet corn seeds was not reduced. Pea seeds released several orders of magnitude more total carbohydrates and amino acids than cucumber and radish seeds and approximately 4,000-fold more fructose. Fructose was the only carbohydrate detected in the seed exudates which supported wild-type levels of in vitro growth of strain A-11. Soybean, sunflower, and sweet corn seeds also released significantly greater amounts of fructose and total carbohydrates and amino acids than cucumber or radish seeds. The exogenous addition of fructose to cucumber and radish seeds at quantities similar to the total quantity of carbohydrates released from pea seeds over 96 h increased the populations of strain A-11 to levels comparable to those of strain 501R3 in sterile sand. Molecular characterization of strain A-11 indicated that the mini-Tn5 kanamycin transposon was inserted in a region of the genome with significant homology topfkA, which encodes phosphofructo kinase. A comparison of strain A-11 with Escherichia coli DF456, a knownpfkA mutant, indicated that the nutritional loss phenotypes were identical. Furthermore, the pfkA homolog cloned fromE. cloacae 501R3 complemented the nutritional loss phenotypes of both E. coli DF456 and E. cloacaeA-11 and restored colonization by strain A-11 to near wild-type levels. These genetic and biochemical restoration experiments provide strong evidence that the quantities of reduced carbon sources found in seed exudates and the ability of microbes to use these compounds play important roles in the colonization of the spermosphere.
Tourist Information Evaluation Using a Social Network

—Currently the time to start planning a trip is common that the user makes use of the Internet in order to obtain through other people's comments certain recommendations for a hotel, what to see, how transported, etc. But when seeking information about a hotel, there are specialized websites through the feedback of users recommend to hotels, leaving out the user comments. This paper proposes a methodology to recommend hotels classifying the comments made by users. As a case study using the comments found on the TripAdvisor site belonging to a Mexican port hotels. The objective is to analyze ontologies through the collective intelligence source that is in the comments.
WUST at NTCIR-10 RITE-2 Task: Multiple Feature Approach to Chinese Textual Entailment

Conclusions We construct the classification model based on support vector machine to recognize semantic inference in Chinese text pair using multiple features, including statistical, syntactic and lexical semantic ones. Through further analysis, we find that in our system, we use the same features in BC and MC subtasks, but the characteristics of the BC and MC subtasks should be different, which may cause the dissatisfaction of BC result.  Moreover, we mostly consider statistical features in our system, if we add some rule features, the accuracy may be significantly improved. Euclidean distance
Beauty in abstract paintings: perceptual contrast and statistical properties

In this study, we combined the behavioral and objective approach in the field of empirical aesthetics. First, we studied the perception of beauty by investigating shifts in evaluation on perceived beauty of abstract artworks (Experiment 1). Because the participants showed heterogeneous individual preferences for the paintings, we divided them into seven clusters for the test. The experiment revealed a clear pattern of perceptual contrast. The perceived beauty of abstract paintings increased after exposure to paintings that were rated as less beautiful, and it decreased after exposure to paintings that were rated as more beautiful. Next, we searched for correlations of beauty ratings and perceptual contrast with statistical properties of abstract artworks (Experiment 2). The participants showed significant preferences for particular image properties. These preferences differed between the clusters of participants. Strikingly, next to color measures like hue, saturation, value and lightness, the recently described Pyramid of Histograms of Orientation Gradients (PHOG) self-similarity value seems to be a predictor for aesthetic appreciation of abstract artworks. We speculate that the shift in evaluation in Experiment 1 was, at least in part, based on low-level adaptation to some of the statistical image properties analyzed in Experiment 2. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the perception of beauty in abstract artworks is altered after exposure to beautiful or non-beautiful images and correlates with particular image properties, especially color measures and self-similarity.
Influence of latent motor abilities on performance in judo

The aim was to determine both the magnitude and the direction of the relations among certain motor abilities and performance in judo bouts performed in a standing position. Therefore, a sample of 122 of Zagreb’s Faculty of Kinesiology sophomores was tested. A battery of 15 motor tests was used and these were the predictor variables. The sample of criterion variables consisted of two performance indicators: the number of victories and technical efficacy points. The investigation was aimed at verifying the hypothesis that performance and final success (victory) in judo standing position bouts strongly depends on the motor features of the contestants involved. Regression and factor analyses were used. The obtained results indicate that there is a relationship between the latent motor variables and both criteria evaluating performance in standing position bouts - the number of victories and technical efficacy points.
Analytical comparison of different GPRS introduction strategies

The ongoing introduction of GPRS services in existing GSM networks by mobile network providers raises the question of the best strategy to partition the available cell capacity. The paper describes three different strategies — complete partitioning, partial sharing and complete sharing. An analytical call/burst level model of one cell of a homogeneous multiservice GSM/GPRS network is used to investigate these strategies with respect to important performance measures like new and handover blocking probabilities, system utilization and mean data rates of the services. Numerical results show, that the complete sharing strategy in connection with the proposed admission policy achieves a high system utilization while even for low priority data connections some minimum quality of service is guaranteed.
COMPUTER-AIDED INNOVATION WITH THE SEMANTIC WEB

Information technology innovation is a key challenge faced by many organizations. One way to innovate is to integrate different resources and data and to configure new functionality of the information system. A promise of applying Semantic Web technologies to enable data integration of disparate data sources based on meaning of data, not just the data themselves. We consider how Semantic Web technologies may support the design of innovative computing infrastructures and how to build ontologies to facilitate this innovation. This paper presents an approach for using ontological engineering in creation of innovative ideas. Both top-down and bottom-up approaches are considered in this creation. We motivate using the Semantic Web for computer-aided innovation using a simple problem space, but the ideas easily generalize to many problem domains.
Impact of Substance Use Disorder on Presentation and Short-Term Course of Schizophrenia

The aim of the present study was to compare a cohort of schizophrenia patients with substance use disorder (SUD) with a similar cohort of schizophrenia patients without SUD with regard to sociodemographic variables, clinical variables, psychopathology, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, treatment outcome, and side effect profile of drugs. A total of 143 consecutive inpatients with ICD-10 DCR diagnosis of schizophrenia were included after obtaining informed consent. Patients were evaluated by a semistructured data sheet and Maudsley Addiction Profile. They were then rated by Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale, Calgary Depression Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale at presentation, three weeks, and six weeks. At three weeks and six weeks, they were also evaluated by UKU Side Effect Rating Scale. Substance abuse was detected in 63.6% schizophrenia patients. Nicotine was the commonest substance followed by cannabis and alcohol. Substance users had longer untreated illness and more depressive symptoms at presentation and six-week follow-up. Dual diagnosis patients had difficulty in abstraction at three and six weeks but not at presentation. Schizophrenia patients with SUD had more depressive symptoms. SUD appeared to mask abstraction difficulties at presentation. Schizophrenia patients with SUD should be carefully assessed for presence of depression.
Does Cognitive Bias Modification Prior to Standard Brief Cognitive Behavior Therapy Reduce Relapse Rates in Hair Pulling Disorder? A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: In line with previous research in alcohol addiction, we tested whether an Approach-Avoidance Training (AAT) prior to standard six-session Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) for Hair Pulling Disorder (HPD) reduced problematic relapse, commonly found in this population. Method: Prior to CBT, 54 outpatients with a primary diagnosis of HPD were randomly assigned (double-blind) to either a training condition (n = 27), learning to avoid hair-pulling-related stimuli, or to a control condition (n = 27). Symptom severity was assessed with the Massachussetts General Hospital Hairpulling Scale, Severity Urge Resistance Frequency Scale, Self-Control Cognition Questionnaire, and Alopecia Scale. Results: In line with existing research, CBT showed to be an effective treatment for HPD in the short-term. There was no significant symptom increase after one and three months, but effect sizes were reduced approximately by half at the twelve-month measurement. The AAT training prior to CBT did not result in enhanced symptom reduction or reduced relapse after CBT. Conclusions: AAT training could not resolve the substantial relapse after successful CBT. Future research should take into account the complexity of stimuli that elicit hair pulling (e.g., tactile stimuli) and consider investigating other types of biases.