Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring University Students' Regulatory Leisure Coping Styles: Planned Breathers or Avoidance?

Evidence suggests that leisure activities can be used as a means for coping with stress, but how leisure is used as an effective way to regulate difficult tasks is still unclear. Self-Determination Theory was used as a theoretical framework to propose two distinct approaches to regulatory leisure coping: the Planned-Breather Leisure Coping Style and the Avoidant Leisure Coping Style. The two proposed dimensions were tested and supported using a new scale with a university student population. Findings obtained in these studies suggested that regulatory orientation in a particular context was distinctively associated with the two proposed leisure coping styles and to different affective consequences following the regulation of a difficult task.
Clinical Core Symptoms of Posterior Spinal Artery Ischemia

Introduction: Ischemia in the distribution of the posterior spinal artery is rare. Methods: Between 2004 and 2008 we observed 4 patients with posterior spinal artery ischemia (PSAI). Results: All patients had the expected loss of posterior column function but also suffered from motor deficits which were severe, and the leading symptom in 2 patients. Severe pain, bowel and bladder dysfunction were other concomitant symptoms. In 3 of 4 patients, a follow-up spinal MRI was needed to show the cord infarct together with vertebral body ischemia in 2 patients. Conclusion: An acute onset of posterior column dysfunction with a variable degree of motor deficit and dorsalgia suggests PSAI.
Perioperative Care of Patients at High Risk for Stroke during or after Non-Cardiac, Non-Neurologic Surgery: Consensus Statement from the Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care*

This document is supported by the American Society of Anesthesiologists. ** Perioperative stroke can be a catastrophic outcome for surgical patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This consensus statement from the Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care provides evidence-based recommendations and opinions regarding the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care of patients at high risk for the complication.
Logic Circuit Equivalence Checking Using Haar Spectral Coefficients and Partial BDDs

A probabilistic equivalence checking method is developed based on the use of partial Haar Spectral Diagrams (HSDs). Partial HSDs are defined and used to represent a subset of Haar spectral coefficients for two Boolean functions. The resulting coefficients are then used to compute and to iteratively refine the probability that two functions are equivalent. This problem has applications in both logic synthesis and verification. The method described here can be useful for the case where two candidate functions require extreme amounts of memory for a complete BDD representation. Experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness of this approach.
Some Characteristics of Children's Second Families

The structure of second families is conditioned by characteristics of children and parents at the time or remarriage and by subsequent fertility. For U. S. children whose mothers have recently remarried this report documents the ages and number of siblings at the time of remarriage, the previous marital status of the new stepfather, the duration of single-parent experience before remarriage, and the age and education of the mother. Estimates are also made of the acquisition of a half sibling through second-family fertility. Finally, the consequences of these patterns for the parental and sibling composition of the families of all U. S. children in 1980 are examined.
Management education must place gender on the agenda

By ignoring the concept of gender in management in this way, business/ management schools magnify the choice to collude with the status quo, simply repeating existing management theory and practice. Organisations and students of management can no longer depend on these repeated patterns, as organisations of the future will require people who can think beyond the traditional paradigm. This includes rethinking management in terms of the role of men and women and valuing both. We argue that gender should be central to the study of management and propose that it is the responsibility of business/management schools to place gender high on the agenda in order to challenge traditional perceptions of manager equals male. This will in turn support the move to dismantle sex role stereotypes in the organisations to which the students belong. This is particularly important when those organisations are schools, for gender balanced patterns can then be modelled to a new generation. Gender on the agenda will therefore allow the development of more appropriate management styles for organisations, such as feminine and androgynous leadership / management approaches. At the core of the androgynous management style are behaviours that are instrumental and
Cloning and characterization of a novel macrolide efflux gene, mreA, from Streptococcus agalactiae

A strain of Streptococcus agalactiae displayed resistance to 14-, 15-, and 16-membered macrolides. In PCR assays, total genomic DNA from this strain contained neither erm nor mef genes. EcoRI-digested genomic DNA from this strain was cloned into lambda Zap II to construct a library of S. agalactiae genomic DNA. A clone, pAES63, expressing resistance to erythromycin, azithromycin, and spiramycin in Escherichia coli was recovered. Deletion derivatives of pAES63 which defined a functional region on this clone that encoded resistance to 14- and 15-membered, but not 16-membered, macrolides were produced. Studies that determined the levels of incorporation of radiolabelled erythromycin into E. coli were consistent with the presence of a macrolide efflux determinant. This putative efflux determinant was distinct from the recently described Mef pump in Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae and from the multicomponent MsrA pump in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Its gene has been designated mreA (for macrolide resistance efflux).
Deliberative Democracy and Social Choice

The paper contrasts the liberal conception of democracy as the aggregation of individual preferences with the deliberative conception of democracy as a process of open discussion leading to an agreed judgement on policy. Social choice theory has identified problems – the arbitrariness of decision rules, vulnerability to strategic voting – which are often held to undermine democratic ideals. Contrary to common opinion, I argue that deliberative democracy is less vulnerable to these difficulties than liberal democracy. The process of discussion tends to produce sets of policy preferences that are ‘single peaked’; and within a deliberative setting it may be possible to vary the decision rule according to the nature of the issue to be decided.
Self-Regulated Learning of Performance Analysis as a Complex Cognitive Skill: Contributions of an Electronic Performance Support System (EPSS)

Twelve students divided into three groups used an electronic performance support system (EPSS) to conduct performance analyses in three professional organizations. The EPSS, designed to support the complex cognitive skills required for analysis of performance problems in these organizations, was employed as an instructional intervention in a graduate level performance analysis course. Students' self-efficacy scores measured before and after the analyses were conducted indicated that their self-efficacy increased. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of students' evaluation of the EPSS demonstrated that it was a valuable tool for instructing performance analysis and supporting self-regulatory behaviors.
Constructing Multidimensional Situation Models During Reading

We examined which dimensions of the situation model (time, space, causation, motivation, and protagonist) are monitored by readers during narrative comprehension. Clause or sentence reading times were collected in three experiments and analyzed using multiple-regression analyses. Experiment 1 showed that readers monitored temporal, causal, goal-related, and protagonist-related continuity because discontinuities on these dimensions led to reliable increases in reading times. This was not the case for spatial continuity. Prior to reading, participants in Experiment 2 memorized a map of the building in which the events described in the narratives took place. There was a reliable effect of the spatial dimension, as well as of the other dimensions. In Experiment 3, participants read the narratives of Experiment 2 but without having first memorized the map. There was no effect of the spatial dimension, but the effects were again reliable for the other dimensions. Reading times increased as a function of the num.
Disseminating professionalism: the influence of Selden Hopkins on the USA accounting profession

This article examines the contributions of Selden Hopkins in helping to establish and institutionalize the accounting profession in the USA during the two decades before the passage of the first Certified Public Accountant (CPA) law in 1896. He was the first editor of the first accounting journal in America, The Book-Keeper, and also instrumental in the development of the first professional association, the Institute of Accounts (originally called the Institute of Accountants and Bookkeepers of the City of New York). Through his involvement as the editor of a number of accounting journals and as a key player of the Institute of Accounts, Hopkins imparted professionalism to the book-keepers and accountants in the USA before the legal recognition of the accounting profession. Hopkins was also one of the contributors in the early establishment of the `science of accounts' where accounting came to be accepted by accountants and the public as worthy of the same recognition and respect as other fields of science.
An island-style-routing compatible fault-tolerant FPGA architecture with self-repairing capabilities

In this work, we have developed a fault-tolerant architecture which is compatible with existing island-style routing network. Due to this compatibility, the proposed architecture can not only be implemented easily in the existing FPGA devices but a new fault-tolerant FPGA device can also be fabricated without refining the existing routing architecture. A generic fault-tolerant Computation Cell is developed which along with its self-checking circuitry also consists of an internal router to route un-faulty function out of the cell. The proposed fault-tolerant FPGA architecture is comprised of Computation Tiles each of which consists of computation cells which are able to heal themselves from transient errors. Computation Tile also contains stem cells which help computation cells to recover from permanent errors all at once. This architecture is centrally controlled by an on-chip fault-tolerant core whose main responsibility is to define the healing priority when an error occurs in more than one of the computation tile at the same time. It also communicates with the external PC software which identifies the faulty tile and reconfigures it through dynamic partial reconfiguration. The robust operation of a proposed architecture is implemented and verified on XILINX Virtex-5 FPGA device. From our proposed fault-tolerant scheme of utilizing the existing routing strategies together with partial reconfiguration of stem cells we achieved a number of benefits, including a fast fault recovery and avoidance of using complicated routing strategies, as compared to recently developed fault-tolerant FPGA architectures.
Covalent DNA Binding by Vaccinia Topoisomerase Results in Unpairing of the Thymine Base 5′ of the Scissile Bond*

We have used potassium permanganate to probe contacts between vaccinia DNA topoisomerase and thymine residues in its 5′-CCCTT↓ DNA target site. Two major conclusions emerge from the experiments presented: (i) permanganate oxidation of the +2T base of the scissile strand interferes with topoisomerase binding to DNA, and (ii) the +1T base of the scissile strand becomes unpaired upon formation of the covalent topoisomerase-DNA intermediate. Disruption of T:A base pairing is confined to the +1-position. Covalently bound DNAs that have experienced this structural distortion (such DNAs being marked by oxidation at +1T) are fully capable of being religated. We suggest that a protein-induced DNA conformational change is a component of the strand passage step of the topoisomerase reaction.
Variations in the Post-weaning Human Gut Metagenome Profile As Result of Bifidobacterium Acquisition in the Western Microbiome

Studies of the gut microbiome variation among human populations revealed the existence of robust compositional and functional layouts matching the three subsistence strategies that describe a trajectory of changes across our recent evolutionary history: hunting and gathering, rural agriculture, and urban post-industrialized agriculture. In particular, beside the overall reduction of ecosystem diversity, the gut microbiome of Western industrial populations is typically characterized by the loss of Treponema and the acquisition of Bifidobacterium as an abundant inhabitant of the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem. In order to advance the hypothesis about the possible adaptive nature of this exchange, here we explore specific functional attributes that correspond to the mutually exclusive presence of Treponema and Bifidobacterium using publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians. According to our findings, Bifidobacterium provides the enteric ecosystem with a diverse panel of saccharolytic functions, well suited to the array of gluco- and galacto-based saccharides that abound in the Western diet. On the other hand, the metagenomic functions assigned to Treponema are more predictive of a capacity to incorporate complex polysaccharides, such as those found in unrefined plant foods, which are consistently incorporated in the Hadza diet. Finally, unlike Treponema, the Bifidobacterium metagenome functions include genes that permit the establishment of microbe–host immunological cross-talk, suggesting recent co-evolutionary events between the human immune system and Bifidobacterium that are adaptive in the context of agricultural subsistence and sedentary societies.
Metabolism of Prostaglandins A 1 and E 1 in Man

This work was presented in part at the 56th Annual MIeeting of The Endocrine Society at Atlanta, Ga. on 14 June 1974 and published in abstract form (1). Dr. Golub's present address is Sepulveda Veterans Hospital, Sepulveda, Calif. 91343. Received for puiblicationz 27 May 1975 anid in revised formii 18 Auigutst 1975. INTRODUCTION The hypothesis that reinal prostaglandins reaclh the arterial circulation could have importanit physiologic conlsequelnces. The E and A prostaglandins, wlhein infulsed intravenouisly at some doses, have natriuretic aand vasodepressor actions (2). However, at certain infusion rates, prostaglandiin A1 (PGA1)' appears to selectively stimulate aldosterone secretion (3, 4). This suggests the possibility that A or E prostaglandins and angioteinsin II could act in concert to regulate miineralocorticoid procluctioin while antagonizing each others effect oni blood pressure (5). The preselnce of circutlatinig plrostaglandins could tlhcrefore have im)portanlt effects upoi both blood pressiure a(l fludiid volume colntrol. InI tlle at and do-, it hlas beeni demonstrated that E prostaglandins are rapidly metabolized by the lung, whereas A prostaglandins appear to escape this degradation (6. 7). Tlis differenice in metabolsim lhas led to the speculation tlhat A p)rostaglandins miiay funiiction as circulatinig lhorinioines. In m11an1, Hamiiber-g anid Samuelsson lhave shown that tritiated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), injected as a bolus, is ratpidly cleared from the circulation with the formiiation of the less polar metabolite, 13, 14dihydro-15-keto PGE2, in blood (8). As pulmonary tissule conltainls the enzymies necessary for this conversion (9), it lhas been presumiied that the lunig is the first organ of miietabolismn of E p)rosta-landins, alnd this has recently beeni confil-rmied in vivo in the dog (10). Studies of the clearanice of A prostaglandinis from the human circulationi or the sites of this removal have not been available. 1 Abbrcviations and trivial niameics uscd in this paper: MCR, metabolic clearance rate: PG, prostaglandin; PGA1, prostaglandin A1 (15 hv droxy -9ketoprosta 10,13 dienoic acid); PGA2, prostaglandin A2 (15-hydroxy-9-ketoprosta5,10,13-trienoic acid) ; PGE1, prostaglandin E1, (lla,15-dihydroxy-9-ketoprost-13-enioic acid); PGE2, prosta-landin E2 (1 la,15-dihydroxy-9-ketoprosta-5,13-dienoic acid); 13, 14dihydro-15-keto PGE2, 1 la-lydroxy-9,15-diketoprost-5-enoic acid. The Journal of Clinical Investigation Volume 56 December 1975*1404-141
Use of thiazolidinediones and the risk of elective hip or knee replacement: a population based case-control study.

AIMS Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal condition in the elderly population. However, no disease modifying drug exists for this disease. In vivo animal studies have suggested that thiazolidinediones (TZD) may be used as disease modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs). To our knowledge, this has not yet been examined in humans before. The aim was to determine the risk of total joint replacement (TJR) in patients using TZDs compared with diabetic patients using other antidiabetic drugs. METHODS A population based case-control study was performed using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Cases (n = 94 609) were defined as patients >18 years of age who had undergone total knee (TKR) or hip replacement (THR) between 2000 and 2012. Controls were matched by age, gender and practice/surgery. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the risk of TKR and THR with the use of TZDs in patients currently using one or more antidiabetic drugs. In order to determine effect with prolonged use, we also stratified TZD users by total number of prescriptions prior to surgery. We statistically adjusted our analyses for lifestyle factory, comorbidities and concomitant drug use. RESULTS There was no difference in risk of TKR (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.93, 1.27) and THR (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.76, 1.10) when TZD users were compared with other AD users. Furthermore, we did not find an association with prolonged use of TZDs and TJR. CONCLUSION Despite promising results from animal in vivo studies, this study did not find any evidence for a disease modifying osteoarthritic effect of TZDs.
Peripherally administered desacetyl α-MSH and α-MSH both influence postnatal rat growth and associated rat hypothalamic protein expression

Desacetyl alpha-MSH predominates over alpha-MSH during development, but whether it is biologically active and has a physiological role is unclear. We compared the effects of 0.3 microg.g(-1). day(-1) desacetyl alpha-MSH with that of 0.3 microg.g(-1). day(-1) alpha-MSH on postnatal body growth by administering the peptides subcutaneously daily for postnatal days 0-14 and also used a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis gel-based proteomic approach to analyze protein changes in hypothalami, the relay center for body weight and growth regulation, after 14 days of treatment. We found that the growth rate between days 1 and 10 was significantly decreased by desacetyl alpha-MSH but not by alpha-MSH, but by day 14, a time reported for development of a mature pattern of hypothalamic innervation, both peptides had significantly increased neonatal growth compared with PBS-treated control rats. Desacetyl alpha-MSH significantly increased spleen weight, but alpha-MSH had no effect. alpha-MSH significantly decreased kidney weight, but desacetyl alpha-MSH had no effect. Both desacetyl alpha-MSH and alpha-MSH significantly decreased brain weight. By 14 days, both peptides significantly changed expression of a number of hypothalamic proteins, specifically metabolic enzymes, cytoskeleton, signaling, and stress response proteins. We show that peripherally administered desacetyl alpha-MSH is biologically active and induces responses that can differ from those for alpha-MSH. In conclusion, desacetyl alpha-MSH appears to be an important regulator of neonatal rat growth.
Corporate taxation and the quality of research and development

This paper examines the impact of tax incentives on corporate research and development (R&D) activity. R&D tax incentives are commonly provided as special tax allowances or tax credits. In recent years, several countries also reduced their income tax rates on R&D output with the purpose to foster R&D activity. Previous papers have shown that all three tax instruments are effective in raising the quantity of R&D related activity. We in turn assess the impact of corporate tax incentives on the quality of R&D projects, i.e., their innovativeness and earnings potential. Using rich data on corporate patent applications to the European patent office, we find that a low tax rate on patent income raises the average profitability and innovation level of the projects undertaken in a country. The effect is statistically significant and economically relevant and prevails in a number of sensitivity checks. Generous R&D tax credits and tax allowances are in contrast found to exert a negative impact on project quality.
Unsupervised progressive structure-from-motion for unordered images

A robust progressive structure from motion (PSFM) method is proposed for unordered images. Our method can reduce accumulative error efficiently during scene dense recovery and camera motion estimation. The whole unordered images are divided into two classes: key frames and non-key frames. For key frames, superior features are selected and tracked to initialize the parameters of PSFM reliably and reduce the accumulative errors. During the implementation of PSFM, several novel and efficient strategies are proposed to detect the parameter estimation errors and remove the outliers in feature tracking. A local on-demand scheme is proposed to dramatically reduce the computing cost of sparse bundle adjustment. The experimental results from different scenes show that our method is efficient and robust in scene dense recovery and camera motion estimation.