Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
More Advice on Proving a Compiler Correct: Improve a Correct Compiler

As an alternative to the classical approach to the compiler correctness problem where a given compiler is proved correct from scratch, we propose a method for deriving correct compilers from a denotational semantics via a series of reenements. Each such optimization step corresponds to an eeciency improvement in the corresponding compiler. Our technique combines the standard initial algebra semantics approach with aspects of Action Semantics. Instead of expressing semantic functions as homomorphisms from the initial algebra (syntax) to some semantic domain, they are factored through an algebra of actions. Compilers can then be obtained by viewing semantic functions as translations from the source language to the initial action algebra. We illustrate our method by deriving several compilers for a language of arithmetic expressions. Though simple, this example shows all the steps necessary to deal with more realistic languages.
Enc-DNS-HTTP: Utilising DNS Infrastructure to Secure Web Browsing

Online information security is a major concern for both users and companies, since data transferred via the Internet is becoming increasingly sensitive. The World Wide Web uses Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to transfer information and Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) to secure the connection between clients and servers. However, Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is vulnerable to attacks that threaten the privacy of information sent between clients and servers. In this paper, we propose Enc-DNS-HTTP for securing client requests, protecting server responses, and withstanding HTTPS attacks. Enc-DNS-HTTP is based on the distribution of a web server public key, which is transferred via a secure communication between client and a Domain Name System (DNS) server. This key is used to encrypt client-server communication. The scheme is implemented in the C programming language and tested on a Linux platform. In comparison with Apache HTTPS, this scheme is shown to have more effective resistance to attacks and improved performance since it does not involve a high number of time-consuming operations.
Has the Department of Veterans Affairs Found a Way to Avoid Racial Disparities in the Evaluation Process for Kidney Transplantation?

Background Minority groups are affected by significant disparities in kidney transplantation (KT) in Veterans Affairs (VA) and non-VA transplant centers. However, prior VA studies have been limited to retrospective, secondary database analyses that focused on multiple stages of the KT process simultaneously. Our goal was to determine whether disparities during the evaluation period for KT exist in the VA as has been found in non-VA settings. Methods We conducted a multicenter longitudinal cohort study of 602 patients undergoing initial evaluation for KT at 4 National VA KT Centers. Participants completed a telephone interview to determine whether, after controlling for medical factors, differences in time to acceptance for transplant were explained by patients' demographic, cultural, psychosocial, or transplant knowledge factors. Results There were no significant racial disparities in the time to acceptance for KT [Log-Rank &khgr;2 = 1.04; P = 0.594]. Younger age (hazards ratio [HR], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-0.99), fewer comorbidities (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.84-0.95), being married (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.66-0.99), having private and public insurance (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.03-1.51), and moderate or greater levels of depression (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.03-3.29) predicted a shorter time to acceptance. The influence of preference for type of KT (deceased or living donor) and transplant center location on days to acceptance varied over time. Conclusions Our results indicate that the VA National Transplant System did not exhibit the racial disparities in evaluation for KT as have been found in non-VA transplant centers.
Phase II trial of galiximab (anti-CD80 monoclonal antibody) plus rituximab (CALGB 50402): Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) score is predictive of upfront immunotherapy responsiveness.

BACKGROUND This phase II CALGB trial evaluated the activity and safety of an extended induction schedule of galiximab (G) plus rituximab (R) in untreated follicular lymphoma (FL). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with previously untreated FL (grades 1, 2, 3a) received 4 weekly infusions of G + R, followed by an additional dose every 2 months four times. International Workshop Response Criteria were used to evaluate response. RESULTS Sixty-one patients were treated and antibody infusions were well tolerated. The overall response rate (ORR) is 72.1% (95% confidence interval 59.2% to 82.9%): 47.6% complete response (CR)/unconfirmed complete response (CRu) and 24.6% partial response. At a median follow-up time of 4.3 years (range, 0.3-5.3 years) median progression-free survival (PFS) is 2.9 years. Notably, Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) correlated with ORR, CR rate, and PFS, and the low-risk FLIPI group (n = 12) achieved a 92% ORR, 75% CR/CRu rate, and 75% 3-year PFS. CONCLUSIONS An extended induction schedule of G + R in previously untreated FL is well tolerated and appears particularly efficacious in those patients with low-risk FLIPI scores. In addition, this trial served as the initial platform for additional CALGB 'doublet' combination regimes of rituximab plus other novel targeted agents.
A SEMI-GENERAL METHOD TO SOLVE THE COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS BASED ON NANOCOMPUTING

Nanocomputing describes computing that uses nanoscale devices. It is reasonable to search for nanoscale particles, such as molecules, that do not require difficult fabrication steps. DNA is recognized as a nanomaterial, not as a biological material, in the research field of nanotechnology. This paper proposes a semi-general method to solve combinatorial optimization problems based on DNA computing. It is obvious that the DNA molecule is one of the most promising functional nanomaterials. However, the application of DNA molecules is still under study because of the big gap that exists between theory and practice.
Urban Form and Older Residents' Service Use, Walking, Driving, Quality of Life, and Neighborhood Satisfaction

Purpose. This study explored the relationship between pedestrian-friendly urban form as reflected in new urbanism design guidelines, and neighborhood service use, walking, driving, quality of life, and neighborhood satisfaction among older women. Design. A cross-sectional survey compared residents of census tracts similar in demographic characteristics but differing in urban form. Setting. The setting was urban and suburban areas of Portland, Oregon. Subjects. The sample consisted of 372 females living alone over age 70 in six census tracts; 133 (36%) completed surveys. Measures. The New Urbanism Index rated the physical features of respondents' neighborhoods. The Neighborhood Resident Survey assessed travel modes and neighborhood satisfaction. The Quality of Life Index measured resident well-being. The Dartmouth COOP Functional Health Charts measured health status. Group comparisons were made with t-tests and regression analysis. Results. Although limited by the cross-sectional design, the study showed that new urbanism partially explained several differences in service use and activity: distance to a grocery store (r2 change = .11, p = .001), number of services used within 1 mile from home (r2 change = .06, p = .007), number of walking activities (r2 change = .08, p = .001), number of services accessed by walking (r2 change = .14, p = .000), and number of services accessed by driving (r2 change = .05, p = .001). Conclusions. Traditional urban neighborhoods with mixed services and good pedestrian access were associated with increased walking among older residents.
Dilute Nitride Lasers and Spectrally Engineered Semiconductor Laser Resonators

The first part of this thesis deals with long wavelength (1.2-1.3 um) InGaAs(N) multiple quantum-well (QW) lasers grown on GaAs, with the aim of understanding and improving their threshold and temperature characteristics. The epitaxial material is grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). By optimizing MBE growth conditions we have obtained record low values for the threshold current density of 107 and 133 A/cm^2/QW for triple QW 1.2 um InGaAs and 1.3 um GaInNAs lasers, respectively. A thorough investigation of the temperature dependence of the threshold current for ridge waveguide GaInNAs double QW lasers is presented. The good temperature stability of GaInNAs lasers is usually attributed to a large conduction band offset as well as strong defect recombination. This work, however, reveals that their good temperature stability also to a large extent arises from a significant and only weakly temperature dependent lateral diffusion current, which is not an effect intrinsic to GaInNAs but rather related to the geometry of the laser resonator. The second part explores a concept used to engineer the spectral properties of a semiconductor Fabry-Perot (FP) laser resonator. A wavelength dependent resonator loss is obtained by introducing perturbations of the effective mode index at key positions along the length of the FP resonator. In a spectrally engineered FP resonator (SE-FPR) this is used to lower the resonator loss for selected longitudinal modes which thereby require less gain for lasing. Previous treatments of SE-FPRs generally relied on an approximation valid for a weakly perturbed resonator. This work extends the treatment to also include strongly perturbed SE-FPRs. The design and fabrication of SE-FPRs supporting either one or two selected modes are investigated. For a strongly perturbed SE-FPR a very large reduction of the resonator loss can be obtained for the selected modes, with the main feedback still provided by the end facets. Fabrication tolerances are, however, strict; in particular the positioning of the perturbations with respect to the end facets is critical.
Perfect simulation of the Hard Disks Model by Partial Rejection Sampling

We present a perfect simulation of the hard disks model via the partial rejection sampling method. Provided the density of disks is not too high, the method produces exact samples in $O(\log n)$ rounds, where $n$ is the expected number of disks. The method extends easily to the hard spheres model in $d>2$ dimensions.
UV-curable acrylated coating from epoxidized palm oil

The properties of coating film prepared from the incorporation of acrylated palm oil (EPOLA) in commercial epoxy acrylate have been studied. A series of different amount of EPOLA was mixed with commercial epoxy acrylate. The blended acrylates passed through UV light to produce a non-tacky film. The conversion of acrylate double bond was monitored by FTIR. The effect of EPOLA concentration onto coated films were investigated by determination of the pendulum hardness and gel content. The higher the amount of EPOLA, the lower the pendulum hardness and the gel content but to a level acceptable for usage in the high-end applications.
Millimeter Wave Beam-Selection Using Out-of-Band Spatial Information

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication is one feasible solution for high data-rate applications like vehicular-to-everything communication and next generation cellular communication. Configuring mmWave links, which can be done through channel estimation or beam-selection, however, is a source of significant overhead. In this paper, we propose using spatial information extracted at sub-6 GHz to help establish the mmWave link. Assuming a fully digital architecture at sub-6 GHz; and an analog architecture at mmWave, we outline a strategy to extract spatial information from sub-6 GHz and its use in mmWave compressed beam-selection. Specifically, we formulate compressed beam-selection as a weighted sparse signal recovery problem, and obtain the weighting information from sub-6 GHz channels. In addition, we outline a structured precoder/combiner design to tailor the training to out-of-band information. We also extend the proposed out-of-band aided compressed beam-selection approach to leverage information from all active subcarriers at mmWave. To simulate multi-band frequency dependent channels, we review the prior work on frequency dependent channel behavior and outline a multi-frequency channel model. The simulation results for achievable rate show that out-of-band aided beam-selection can considerably reduce the training overhead of in-band only beam-selection.
The Effects of Rotation and Revolution Speed Ratio on the Grinding Kinetics of Cement Clinker in Horizontal Planetary Ball Mill

The effects of rotation and revolution speed ratio on the grinding kinetics of cement clinker were studied in a horizontal planetary ball mill. The grinding media and material were used in the tests: 20mm diameter steel balls, cement clinker of-2.36+2.00mm. The rotation and revolution speed ratio is 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 and 3.5. The results show that cement clinker obeys first-order grinding kinetics at different rotation and revolution ratio. The specific rate of breakage reaches the highest when the ratio equals to 2. γ achieves minimal value at ratio q=2 and 2.5. At the same time, φ and β values reach the lowest value.
Reconstitution of the oocyte nucleolus in mice through a single nucleolar protein, NPM2

ABSTRACT The mammalian oocyte nucleolus, the most prominent subcellular organelle in the oocyte, is vital in early development, yet its key functions and constituents remain unclear. We show here that the parthenotes/zygotes derived from enucleolated oocytes exhibited abnormal heterochromatin formation around parental pericentromeric DNAs, which led to a significant mitotic delay and frequent chromosome mis-segregation upon the first mitotic division. A proteomic analysis identified nucleoplasmin 2 (NPM2) as a dominant component of the oocyte nucleolus. Consistently, Npm2-deficient oocytes, which lack a normal nucleolar structure, showed chromosome segregation defects similar to those in enucleolated oocytes, suggesting that nucleolar loss, rather than micromanipulation-related damage to the genome, leads to a disorganization of higher-order chromatin structure in pronuclei and frequent chromosome mis-segregation during the first mitosis. Strikingly, expression of NPM2 alone sufficed to reconstitute the nucleolar structure in enucleolated embryos, and rescued their first mitotic division and full-term development. The nucleolus rescue through NPM2 required the pentamer formation and both the N- and C-terminal domains. Our findings demonstrate that the NPM2-based oocyte nucleolus is an essential platform for parental chromatin organization in early embryonic development. Summary: The oocyte nucleolus is successfully reconstituted by NPM2 protein, and serves as a key platform to organize pericentromeric heterochromatin in order to correctly segregate parental chromosomes.
Mining social media data for opinion polarities about electronic cigarettes

Background There is an ongoing debate about harm and benefit of e-cigarettes, usage of which has rapidly increased in recent years. By separating non-commercial (organic) tweets from commercial tweets, we seek to evaluate the general public's attitudes towards e-cigarettes. Methods We collected tweets containing the words ‘e-cig’, ‘e-cigarette’, ‘e-liquid’, ‘vape’, ‘vaping’, ‘vapor’ and ‘vaporizer’ from 23 July to 14 October 2015 (n=757 167). A multilabel Naïve Bayes model was constructed to classify tweets into 5 polarities (against, support, neutral, commercial, irrelevant). We further analysed the prevalence of e-cigarette tweets, geographic variations in these tweets and the impact of socioeconomic factors on the public attitudes towards e-cigarettes. Results Opinions from organic tweets about e-cigarettes were mixed (against 17.7%, support 10.8% and neutral 19.4%). The organic—against tweets delivered strong educational information about the risks of e-cigarette use and advocated for the general public, especially youth, to stop vaping. However, the organic—against tweets were outnumbered by commercial tweets and organic—support tweets by a ratio of over 1 to 3. Higher prevalence of organic tweets was associated with states with higher education rates (r=0.60, p<0.0001), higher percentage of black and African-American population (r=0.34, p=0.01), and higher median household income (r=0.33, p=0.02). The support rates for e-cigarettes were associated with states with fewer persons under 18 years old (r=−0.33, p=0.02) and a higher percentage of female population (r=0.3, p=0.02). Conclusions The organic—against tweets raised public awareness of potential health risks and could aid in preventing non-smokers, adolescents and young adults from using e-cigarettes. Opinion polarities about e-cigarettes from social networks could be highly influential to the general public, especially youth. Further educational campaigns should include measuring their effectiveness.
Collaborative Sensing by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

In many military and civilian applications, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) provide an indispensable platform for gathering information about the situation on the ground. In particular, they have the potential to revolutionize the way in which information is collected, fused and disseminated. These advantages are greatly enhanced if swarms of multiple UAVs are used, since this enables the collection of data from multiple vantage points using multiple sensors. However, enhancements to overall operational performance can be realised only if the platforms have a high degree of autonomy, which is achieved through machine intelligence. With this in mind, we report on our recently launched project, SUAAVE (Sensing, Unmanned, Autonomous, Aerial VEhicles), which seeks to develop and evaluate a fully automated sensing platform consisting of multiple UAVs. To achieve this goal, we will take a multiply disciplinary approach, focusing on the complex dependencies that exist between tasks such as data fusion, ad-hoc wireless networking, and multi-agent co-ordination. In this position paper, we highlight the related work in this area and outline our agenda for future work.
From Opals to Optics: Colloidal Photonic Crystals

Over a decade ago, theorists predicted that photonic crystals active at visible and near-infrared wavelengths would possess a variety of exciting optical properties. Only in the last several years, however, have experimentalists begun to build materials that realize this potential in the laboratory. This lag between experiment and theory is primarily due to the to the challenges associated with fabricating these unique materials. As the term “crystal” suggests, these samples must consist of highly perfect ordered arrays of solids. However, unlike conventional crystals, which exhibit order on the angstrom length scale, photonic crystals must have order on the submicrometer length scale. In addition, many of the most valuable properties of photonic crystals are only realized when samples possess a “full” photonic bandgap. For such systems, large dielectric contrasts and particular crystal symmetries create a range of frequencies over which light cannot propagate. Realizing the nanoscopic architectures required to form such systems is a challenge for experimentalists. As a result, fabrication schemes that rely on lithographic techniques or spontaneous assembly have been a focus in the development of the field.
Effects of various growth factors and histamine on cultured keloid fibroblasts.

OBJECTIVE AND METHODS We investigated the effects of several growth factors on [3H]thymidine incorporation and procollagen type I carboxyterminal propeptide (P1CP) production, which reflects type I collagen metabolism, in keloid and normal fibroblasts. RESULTS Six fibroblast cell strains, derived from keloid or normal skin, exhibited similar growth responses to platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) and histamine. In contrast, keloid fibroblasts showed significantly greater growth response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) than normal fibroblasts. P1CP production was 4.4 times higher in 6 strains of keloid fibroblasts than in 6 controls. Treatment with gamma-IFN (100 U/ml) decreased P1CP production in both groups; the effect was significantly greater in keloid fibroblasts. TGF-beta 1 treatment upregulated P1CP production in both groups. Treatment with histamine increased P1CP production in keloid fibroblasts, although it did not change that in the controls. CONCLUSION EGF and histamine may play some role in the development of keloids.
Big Data in Science and Healthcare: A Review of Recent Literature and Perspectives

Summary Objectives: As technology continues to evolve and rise in various industries, such as healthcare, science, education, and gaming, a sophisticated concept known as Big Data is surfacing. The concept of analytics aims to understand data. We set out to portray and discuss perspectives of the evolving use of Big Data in science and healthcare and, to examine some of the opportunities and challenges. Methods: A literature review was conducted to highlight the implications associated with the use of Big Data in scientific research and healthcare innovations, both on a large and small scale. Results: Scientists and health-care providers may learn from one another when it comes to understanding the value of Big Data and analytics. Small data, derived by patients and consumers, also requires analytics to become actionable. Connectivism provides a framework for the use of Big Data and analytics in the areas of science and healthcare. This theory assists individuals to recognize and synthesize how human connections are driving the increase in data. Despite the volume and velocity of Big Data, it is truly about technology connecting humans and assisting them to construct knowledge in new ways. Concluding Thoughts: The concept of Big Data and associated analytics are to be taken seriously when approaching the use of vast volumes of both structured and unstructured data in science and health-care. Future exploration of issues surrounding data privacy, confidentiality, and education are needed. A greater focus on data from social media, the quantified self-movement, and the application of analytics to “small data” would also be useful.
Intraglandular transplantation of adipose-derived stem cells combined with platelet-rich fibrin extract for the treatment of irradiation-induced salivary gland damage

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) combined with heterologous platelet-rich fibrin extract (PRFe) on irradiation-induced salivary gland (SG) damage. ADSCs were isolated from C3H mice, whereas PRFe was obtained from New Zealand rabbits. Twelve weeks post irradiation, the ADSCs or PRFe or their combination were transplanted into the submandibular glands of C3H mice with irradiation-induced damage. The salivary flow rate (SFR) was determined and histopathological analysis was performed at 12 weeks post transplantation. Immunofluorescence, microvessel density measurements and transmission electron microscopy were performed to assess α-amylase (AMY) production, apoptosis and microstructural changes in the cells. The administration of ADSCs combined with PRFe increased the SFR at 12 weeks post transplantation, whereas ADSCs alone or PRFe alone failed to do so. The ADSCs+PRFe-treated, irradiated SGs had fewer damaged and atrophied acinar cells, higher AMY levels and an increased microvessel density compared with the untreated irradiated SGs. Moreover, SG tissue from the ADSCs+PRFe group also showed decreased apoptotic and increased proliferative activity compared to that from the irradiated group. In conclusion, ADSCs or PRFe alone did not restore permanent, irradiation-induced damage of SG tissue when used alone, but when used together, they provided effective treatment outcomes.