Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subdictionary-Based Joint Sparse Representation for SAR Target Recognition Using Multilevel Reconstruction

Template-matching-based approaches have been developed for many years in the field of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) automatic target recognition (ATR). However, the performance of template-matching-based approaches is strongly affected by two factors: background clutter and noise and the size of the data set. To solve the problems mentioned above, a multilevel reconstruction-based multitask joint sparse representation method is proposed in this paper. According to the theory of the attributed scattering center (ASC) model, a SAR image exhibits strong point-scatter-like behavior, which can be modeled by scattering centers on the target. As a result, the ASCs can be extracted from SAR images based on the ASC model. Then, ASCs extracted from SAR images are used to reconstruct the SAR target at multilevels based on energy ratio (ER). The multilevel reconstruction is a process of data augmentation, which can not only restrain the background clutter and noise but also augment the data set. Several subdictionaries are designed after multilevel reconstruction according to the label of training samples. Meanwhile, a test image chip is reconstructed into multiple test images. The random projection coefficients associated with multiple reconstructed test images are fed into a multitask joint sparse representation classification framework. The final decision is made in terms of accumulated reconstruction error. Experiments on moving and stationary target acquisition and recognition (MSTAR) data set proved the effectiveness of our method.
Open Wireless System Cloud: An Architecture for Future Wireless Communications System

Open Wireless System Cloud (OWSC) is a radio access network architecture for future wireless communication systems with remote radio heads, centralized wireless computation on open platforms, and cooperative wireless signal processing and management. With centralized wireless signal processing, system capacity can be increased using emerging wireless techniques, such as cognitive radio, or collaborative processing and coordinated multipoint transmission (CoMP). Centralized open computing platform provides greater flexibility as the system can simultaneously support multi-standards and services, such as 2G, 3G and 4G as well as multiple type wireless applications. With this open architecture, OWSC can serve as infrastructure for researchers and wireless resource provider and can be supplied by 3rd parties much like Amazon provides AWS today. The barrier to entry for new entrant wireless operator role is greatly reduced. This enables new business models for the future mobile networks and service providers.
Grammatical Competence and Parsing Performance

From the Publisher: How does a parser, a device that imposes an analysis on a string of symbols so that they can be interpreted, work? More specifically, how does the parser in the human cognitive mechanism operate? Using a wide range of empirical data concerning human natural language processing, Bradley Pritchett demonstrates that parsing performance depends on grammatical competence, not, as many have thought, on perception, computation, or semantics. Pritchett critiques the major performance-based parsing models to argue that the principles of grammar drive the parser; the parser, furthermore, is the apparatus that tries to enforce the conditions of the grammar at every point in the processing of a sentence. In comparing garden path phenomena, those instances when the parser fails on the first reading of a sentence and must reanalyze it, with occasions when the parser successfully functions the first time around, Pritchett makes a convincing case for a grammar-derived parsing theory. Bradley L. Pritchett is assistant professor in the Department of Philosophy at Carnegie Mellon University.
Fire as a Coarse Filter for Snags and Logs 1

Fire played an important role in maintaining and creating conditions suitable for native flora and fauna in the forests of western North America. Recent coarse filter conservation strategies have advocated creating future landscapes that incorporate historic or natural ranges of variability, including fire regimes. Historic fire regimes were variable across the West, and created quite unique coarse woody debris dynamics in low-, mixed-, and high-severity fire regimes. Moving towards more historic landscape structures will require variable standards for coarse woody debris retention.
Vertex covers and connected vertex covers in 3-connected graphs

Discusses time complexity analysis of the minimum vertex cover and minimum connected vertex cover problems for 3-connected graphs. A vertex cover of a graph G=(V, E) is a subset N of V such that each element of E is incident upon some element of N, where V and E are the sets of vertices and of edges of G, respectively. A connected vertex cover of a graph G is a vertex cover of G such that the subgraph G(N) induced by N of G is connected. The minimum vertex cover problem (VCP) is the problem of finding a vertex cover of minimum cardinality, and the minimum connected vertex cover problem is similarly defined. <<ETX>>
Relational Body Identities

Self-portrayal is one of the most popular online activities, especially among adolescents and young adults. The selfie-craze explosion through photo-sharing represent a new task for adolescents' researchers, but few instruments explore how adolescents can control their body image through self-portraits. One of these is the body image control in photos questionnaire. The aim of this chapter is to develop and validate a revised short version of the BICPQ, administered to 1220 Italian adolescents. The establishment of a cut-off procedure is proposed for screening purposes to identify at-risk and problematic users. Moreover, differences by gender and age are explored and discussed.
Which values of the volume growth and escape time exponent are possible for a graph

Let Γ = ( G, E ) be an inﬁnite weighted graph which is Ahlfors α regular, so that there exists a constant c such that c − 1 r α ≤ V ( x, r ) ≤ cr α , where V ( x, r ) is the volume of the ball centre x and radius r . Deﬁne the escape time T ( x, r ) to be the mean exit time of a simple random walk on Γ starting at x from the ball centre x and radius r . We say Γ has escape time exponent β > 0 if there exists a constant c such that c − 1 r β ≤ T ( x, r ) ≤ cr β for r ≥ 1. Well known estimates for random walks on graphs imply that α ≥ 1 and 2 ≤ β ≤ 1 + α . We show that these are the only constraints, by constructing for each α 0 , β 0 satisfying the inequalities above a graph (cid:1) Γ which is Ahlfors α 0 regular and has escape time exponent β 0 . In addition we can make (cid:1) Γ suﬃciently uniform so that it satisﬁes an elliptic Harnack inequality.
Evolution of binary stars and the effect of tides on binary populations

We present a rapid binary-evolution algorithm that enables modelling of even the most complex binary systems. In addition to all aspects of single-star evolution, features such as mass transfer, mass accretion, common-envelope evolution, collisions, supernova kicks and angular momentum loss mechanisms are included. In particular, circularization and synchronization of the orbit by tidal interactions are calculated for convective, radiative and degenerate damping mechanisms. We use this algorithm to study the formation and evolution of various binary systems. We also investigate the effect that tidal friction has on the outcome of binary evolution. Using the rapid binary code, we generate a series of large binary populations and evaluate the formation rate of interesting individual species and events. By comparing the results for populations with and without tidal friction, we quantify the hitherto ignored systematic effect of tides and show that modelling of tidal evolution in binary systems is necessary in order to draw accurate conclusions from population synthesis work. Tidal synchronism is important but, because orbits generally circularize before Roche lobe overflow, the outcome of the interactions of systems with the same semilatus rectum is almost independent of eccentricity. It is not necessary to include a distribution of eccentricities in population synthesis of interacting binaries; however, the initial separations should be distributed according to the observed distribution of semilatera recta rather than periods or semimajor axes.
Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Are Blocked by Intracellular Spermine in a Voltage-Dependent Manner

A common feature of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) is that they conduct inward current at negative membrane potentials but little outward current at positive membrane potentials, a property referred to as inward rectification. Physiologically, inward rectification serves important functions, and the main goal of our study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the rectification of these receptors. We examined recombinant α3β4 and α4β2neuronal nAChR subtypes expressed in Xenopus oocytes and native nAChRs expressed on superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons. Whole-cell ACh-evoked currents recorded from these receptors exhibited strong inward rectification. In contrast, we showed that single-channel currents from these neuronal nAChRs measured in outside-out patches outwardly rectify. On the basis of recent findings that spermine, a ubiquitous intracellular polyamine, confers rectification to glutamate receptors and inwardly rectifying potassium channels, we investigated whether spermine causes neuronal nAChRs to inwardly rectify. When spermine was added to the patch electrode in outside-out recordings, it caused a concentration- and voltage-dependent block of ACh-evoked single-channel currents. Using these single-channel data and physiological concentrations of intracellular spermine, we could account for the inward rectification of macroscopic whole-cell ACh-evoked conductance–voltage relationships. Therefore, we conclude that the voltage-dependent block by intracellular spermine underlies inward rectification of neuronal nAChRs. We also found that extracellular spermine blocks both α3β4 and α4β2 receptors; this finding points to a mechanism whereby increases in extracellular spermine, perhaps during pathological conditions, could selectively block these receptors.
Nrc Publications Archive (nparc) Archives Des Publications Du Cnrc (nparc) Biclustering of Dna Microarray Data: Theory, Evaluation, and Handbook of Research on Computational and Systems Biology: Interdisciplinary Applications Biclustering Biclustering Biclustering Biclustering of Dna Microarray Data

L'accès à ce site Web et l'utilisation de son contenu sont assujettis aux conditions présentées dans le site Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at ABSTRACT In this chapter, different methods and applications of biclustering algorithms to DNA microarray data analysis that have been developed in recent years are discussed and compared. Identification of biological significant clusters of genes from microarray experimental data is a very daunting task that emerged, especially with the development of high throughput technologies. Various computational and evaluation methods based on diverse principles were introduced to identify new similarities among genes. Mathematical aspects of the models are highlighted, and applications to solve biological problems are discussed.
Denitrification Losses from Kentucky Bluegrass Sod

Denitrification may represent an important mechanism in the fate of N applied to turf. Denitrification losses were directly measured from fertilized 'Baron' Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) sod samples sealed in acrylic chambers using the acetylene inhibition technique. Losses were correlated with soil texture, percent soil sat· uration (SAT), and temperature. Losses from turf on a Hadley silt loam soil and Hadley silt soil (both coarse-silty, mixed, nonacid, mesic Typic Udifluvents) incubated at 2rC did not exceed 0.4 and 0.1 %, respectively, of the applied potassium nitrate fertilizer (4.5 g N m-2) when soil water levels were less than 75% saturated. Soil saturation increased denitrification losses from the silt loam and silt soils to 2.2 and 5.4% of the applied N, respectively. The relationship between percent soil saturation and denitrification loss was quadratic and highly significant for both soils. The equations are: milligrams of N20-N m-2 10 d-' = 1432.50 - 38.96 (percent SAT silt soil) + 0.26 {percent silt soil)2 or 130.80 - 5.40 (percent SAT silt loam soil) + 0.05 (SAT silt loam soil)l. A linear relationship (milligrams of N20 m-2 10 d-' = 0.49(°C) - 9.70) existed between denitrification losses and soil temperatures between 22 and 30°C in the silt soil at 75% of soil saturation. Soil temperatures of 30°C or greater coupled with saturated soil conditions resulted in the greatest losses, equiv­ alent to 44.6 and 92.6% of the applied N to the silt loam and silt soils, respectively. Denitrification losses did not increase at soil tem­ peratures above 30°C. These results indicate that denitrification loss from fertilizers applied to turfgrasses may not be a serious problem unless the soils are saturated and at higher soil temperatures. Additional index words: Nitrous oxide, Nitrogen fertilizer, Poapra­ tensis 1. , Turfgrass.
Novel Query Suggestions: Initial Work Report

Query auto-completion (QAC) is one of the most recognizable and widely used services of modern search engines. Its goal is to assist a user in the process of query formulation. Current QAC systems are mainly reactive. They respond to the present request using past knowledge. Specifically, they mostly rely on query logs analysis or corpus terms co-occurrences and rank suggestions according to their similarity with the partial user query, their past popularity, or their temporal dynamics features (e.g. trends, bursts, seasonality in query popularity). Consequently, a suggestion to be recommended by the QAC system must be preceded with a substantial users' interest and ipso facto must be an old information. However, a growing amount of people turns to search engines to find novel information, that is emergent or recently created (not redundant) one. Conventional QAC systems are thus unable to fulfill the increasingly real-time needs of the users. In this work-in-progress report, we introduce a new approach to QAC - the system filtering out potentially novel information and proactively delivering it to the users. It aims at providing the users with some novel insight. Thus, it caters for their open-ended or persistent and increasingly real-time information needs. The preliminary method proposed in this paper to evaluate this approach forms time specific suggestions based on a comparison of two corpora constantly being updated with new data from chosen sources. An unsupervised and language-independent algorithm relying on relative novelty of terms co-occurrences is used to generate suggestions. The initial experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach in recommending queries leading to novel information. Therefore, they prove that such a system can enhance the exploratory power of a search engine and support the proactive information search.
THE NEED FOR SURVEILLANCE IN INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS.

This article is a continuation of a previous article (see PATH Database reference no. 11197) in which the author examined the the need for traffic surveillance and the parameters that need to be detected. In this article, he identifies one additional parameter vehicle class category, and discusses how some of the traffic related parameters can be measured. He gives an overview of some innovative ways that have been devised by PATH researchers to accurately measure travel time.
Risk-Constrained Operation for Internet Data Centers in Deregulated Electricity Markets

In this paper, we study the problem of achieving the optimal tradeoff between operation risk and expected energy cost for Internet data center (IDC) operators in deregulated electricity markets according to the risk preferences of IDC operators. To achieve the target above, we propose a risk-constrained stochastic programming decision framework. Then, we formulate a risk-constrained expected energy cost minimization problem with the uncertainties in spot price and workload. To solve the formulated problem, we use a decomposition-based cutting plane algorithm. Finally, extensive evaluations based on real-life data show the effectiveness of the proposed decision framework.
A Contingency Framework for Understanding Ethical Decision Making in Marketing

This article addresses a significant gap in the theoretical literature on marketing ethics. This gap results from the lack of an integrated framework which clarifies and synthesizes the multiple variables that explain how marketers make ethical/unethical decisions. A contingency framework is recommended as a starting point for the development of a theory of ethical/unethical actions in organizational environments. This model demonstrates how previous research can be integrated to reveal that ethical/unethical decisions are moderated by individual factors, significant others within the organizational setting, and opportunity for action.
Products of random matrices: Dimension and growth in norm

Suppose that $X_1,\. ,X_n,\. $ are i.i. d. rotationally invariant $N$-by-$N$ matrices. Let $\Pi_n=X_n\. X_1$. It is known that $n^{-1}\log |\Pi_n|$ converges to a nonrandom limit. We prove that under certain additional assumptions on matrices $X_i$ the speed of convergence to this limit does not decrease when the size of matrices, $N$, grows.
Coupled Bloch-phonon oscillations in GaAs = AlGaAs superlattices : theory and experiment

We report on the femtosecond dynamics of coherent Bloch oscillations in GaAs=AlxGa1−xAs superlattices. In a superlattice with a miniband width equal to the optical phonon energy of GaAs the Bloch frequency can be tuned into resonance with the LO phonon by an applied electric eld. We observe a strong coupling between Bloch oscillations and phonons leading to the coherent excitation of optical phonons when both are brought into resonance. This phenomenon is analyzed theoretically on the base of a microscopic Hamiltonian for the electron–phonon interaction in the superlattice. We show that coupled modes are described by a nonlinear pendulum coupled linearly to an oscillator representing the phonons. Under resonance condition the amplitudes of both modes increase and sidebands appear. The theoretical results are compared to the experimental observations. 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Optimal 2-D recursive digital filter design using particle swarm optimization

In the process of designing digital recursive filter to satisfy a given magnitude response, the designer may end up with an unstable filter. This unstable filter can be stabilized using methods such as Planar Least Square Inverse (PLSI) technique, Complex Ceptrum Method etc. The Planar Least Square Inverse technique is supposed to preserve the desired magnitude response which is found to be not true in all cases. Hence a new method of designing stable recursive filters using PLSI technique and particle swarm optimization algorithm is presented in this paper. The optimally designed filter will have a magnitude response almost similar to the desired magnitude response.
Streamwise-travelling waves of spanwise wall velocity for turbulent drag reduction

Waves of spanwise velocity imposed at the walls of a plane turbulent channel flow are studied by direct numerical simulations. We consider sinusoidal waves of spanwise velocity which vary in time and are modulated in space along the streamwise direction. The phase speed may be null, positive or negative, so that the waves may be either stationary or travelling forward or backward in the direction of the mean flow. Such a forcing includes as particular cases two known techniques for reducing friction drag: the oscillating wall technique (a travelling wave with infinite phase speed) and the recently proposed steady distribution of spanwise velocity (a wave with zero phase speed). The travelling waves alter the friction drag significantly. Waves which slowly travel forward produce a large reduction of drag that can relaminarize the flow at low values of the Reynolds number. Faster waves yield a totally different outcome, i.e. drag increase (DI). Even faster waves produce a drag reduction (DR) effect again. Backward-travelling waves instead lead to DR at any speed. The travelling waves, when they reduce drag, operate in similar fashion to the oscillating wall, with an improved energetic efficiency. DI is observed when the waves travel at a speed comparable with that of the convecting near-wall turbulence structures. A diagram illustrating the different flow behaviours is presented.
Real-time brainwave-controlled interface using P300 component in EEG signal processing

Electroencephalography (EEG) is an emerging held of digital signal processing. EEG is electrical signals which are recorded by the sensors attached on the human scalp to detect human's brain activities along the scalp. EEG signal processing has been a technically challenging problem for researchers due to its extremely noisy nature compared to other different kinds of digital data such as voice or image. However, EEG signals also create promising research areas and applications for the human being. This paper aims at designing a brain-controlled interface using P300 component in EEG signal processing. The EEG signal's P300 component is an event related potential (ERP) component elicited by the human's brain in the process of decision making. We use the oddball paradigm presented by the P300-Speller to create the brain-computer interface for the subject to express their intention of thinking via the computer screen. The device used to record the brain signal is the Emotiv EPOC headset. We exploit the Bayesian linear discriminant analysis (BLDA) to classify the P300 signals. We conduct the experiments to help people express their thought in l-out-of-4-choice interfaces in real time. The choices, which are presented on the computer screen, could be anything from letters to images or specific symbols. The experimental results reveal the acceptable accuracy of correct classification to be 80 percent and the best bit rate of over 10 bits per minute.