Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Generalized Scheme for Mapping Parallel Algorithms

A generalized mapping strategy that uses a combination of graph theory, mathematical programming, and heuristics is proposed. The authors use the knowledge from the given algorithm and the architecture to guide the mapping. The approach begins with a graphical representation of the parallel algorithm (problem graph) and the parallel computer (host graph). Using these representations, the authors generate a new graphical representation (extended host graph) on which the problem graph is mapped. An accurate characterization of the communication overhead is used in the objective functions to evaluate the optimality of the mapping. An efficient mapping scheme is developed which uses two levels of optimization procedures. The objective functions include minimizing the communication overhead and minimizing the total execution time which includes both computation and communication times. The mapping scheme is tested by simulation and further confirmed by mapping a real world application onto actual distributed environments. >
Sewage Polluted Water Treatment via Chitosan: A Review

Due to the increasing scarcity of water, wastewater treatment and water conditioning are one of the major future issues. Together with the need to apply highly accessible abundant materials and the demand to replace fossil-based chemicals with sustainable compounds from renewable resources, chitosan (CS) provides some of the solutions to obtain these goals and combines both, abundance and sustainability. Hence, the focus of this review is on the application of CS in wastewater treatment providing advantages and drawbacks in using CS in contrast to chitin. We herewith present the application of CS for coagulation/flocculation purposes, whether as native compound, as functional ized molecule or as blend, respectively, composite. The heavy metal, respectively, dye removal is an additional theme to be addressed in the body of the text. The third topic of this review contains the application of CS blends or composites in order to prepare membrane materials for water purification or conditioning. Together with a summary of the recent study, we discuss these findings and possible consequences for future works. In addition, we provide some theoretical background of the processes that CS is involved in and state some mechanistic insights.
Digit‐specific aberrations in the primary somatosensory cortex in Writer's cramp

One approach to the treatment of focal hand dystonia (FHD) is via sensory‐based training regimes. It is known that FHD patients demonstrate a reduced distance between the representations of digits 1 and 5 and also digits 2 and 5 in primary somatosensory cortex. However, we lack information on the spatial relationships among digits, such as reduced inter‐digit spacing or shifts of representations within the cortical areas, and whether aberrations are specific to symptomatic digits. Our aim was to characterize the spatial relationships among individual digits to determine the types of aberrations that exist and whether these are specific to symptomatic digits only.
The message does not matter: the influence of the network on information diffusion

How an information spreads throughout a social network is a valuable knowledge sought by many groups such as marketing enterprises and political parties. If they can somehow predict the impact of a given message or manipulate it in order to amplify how long it will spread, it would give them a huge advantage over their competitors. Intuitively, it is expected that two factors contribute to make an information becoming viral: how influential the person who spreads is inside its network and the content of the message. The former should have a more important role, since people will not just blindly share any content, or will they? In this work it is found that the degree of a node alone is capable of accurately predicting how many followers of the seed user will spread the information through a simple linear regression. The analysis was performed with five different messages from Twitter network that was shared with different degrees along the users. The results show evidences that no matter the content, the number of affected neighbors is predictable. The role of the content of the messages of a user is likely to influence the network formation and the path the message will follow through the network.
Juice: A Longitudinal Study of an SEO Botnet

Black hat search engine optimization (SEO) campaigns attract and monetize traffic using abusive schemes. Using a combination of Web site compromise, keyword stuffing and cloaking, a SEO botnet operator can manipulate search engine rankings for key search terms, ultimately directing users to sites promoting some kind of scam (e.g., fake antivirus). In this paper, we infiltrate an influential SEO botnet, GR, characterize its dynamics and effectiveness and identify the key scams driving its innovation. Surprisingly, we find that, unlike e-mail spam botnets, this botnet is both modest in size and has low churn—suggesting little adversarial pressure from defenders. Belying its small size, however, the GR botnet is able to successfully “juice” the rankings of trending search terms and, during its peak, appears to have been the dominant source of trending search term poisoning for Google. Finally, we document the range of scams it promoted and the role played by fake anti-virus programs in driving innovation.
Clinical relevance of alternative splicing

The unique phenomenon of alternative splicing is gathering concern due to its promising therapeutic potential. The human genome sequencing project suggests approximately 20,000-25,000 genes. Among these, about 35-60% of genes generate multiple mRNAs by alternative splicing mechanism and contribute to the diversity of the proteomic world. This 'gene shortfall' has ignited considerable interest in alternative RNA splicing. This process leads to expression of a single gene responsible for the transcription of different mRNA isoforms that might have multiple biological functions. The disruption of splicing pattern can produce aberrant splice variants, which are implicated in more than 50% of genetic disorders including cancer. Altered splice sites in neoplastic cell contribute to the development, progression and/or maintenance of tumorous growth. The repertoire of tumor-specific variant represents a potential marker in pharmacogenomic diagnostic relevance. Alternative splice isoforms have been analyzed serendipitously by qualitative gene profiling with in silico gene prediction software. Computational approach in identifying exonic splicing enhancers in genomic DNA and focus on microarray technology will elucidate differential expression of alternative splice variants. The antisense oligonucleotides modulate alternative splicing and engender the production of therapeutic gene products. Oligonucleotides have the potential to silence the mutations caused by aberrant splicing. The efficacy of the antisense oligonucleotides lies in the chemical configuration, affinity and delivery strategies. Hence the therapeutic potential of antisense oligonucleotides as modulators of aberrant alternative splicing would be a major challenge to the upcoming proteomic era.
A Matlab-based Interactive Simulator for Teaching Mobile Robotics

This paper presents an open-source Matlab-based interactive software tool for teaching mobile robotics in introductory courses. In particular, it deals with the subjects: modeling, path planning, and motion control. This simulator oers the advantage of testing dierent aspects related to these fundamental topics and instantly seeing the result in a Graphical User Interface (GUI). This fact leads to a high realism in interactivity, while no previous knowledge in Matlab or programming is required. Additionally, it constitutes an easily scalable tool, the GUI has been properly designed with just one single window with straightforward and intuitive buttons, icons, and gures. Some illustrative examples demonstrate the benets of the proposed simulator.
The Impact and Cost of the HIV/AIDS Investment Framework for Adolescents

Abstract:This analysis examines the impact of the UNAIDS Investment Framework for HIV on adolescents to determine: a) impact of investing in prevention for adolescents 10-19 on new HIV infections, the number of adolescents living with HIV, and adolescent AIDS deaths; and b) cost of programs by type. We modeled four scenarios: (1) the Base scenario assumes constant coverage for prevention and treatment, (2) the Investment Framework scenario assumes scale-up of services to reach universal coverage targets by 2015, (3) the Investment Framework Delayed scenario assumes that coverage targets are not achieved until 2020, and (4) the Pessimistic scenario illustrates the disadvantages of poor implementation. Scaling up investments and services according to the Investment Framework could avert 2 million new adolescent HIV infections by 2020. A five-year delay would reduce impact by one-third. Poor implementation would result in little decline in the annual number of new infections. Achieving the Investment Framework will require a 45% expansion in annual expenditure to nearly $5.5 billion by 2014. After 2014 resource needs will decline somewhat due to reductions in new infections. One-third of these resources are for Basic Programs, one-fourth for Critical Enablers, and 40 percent for Development Synergies.
A Comparative Evaluation of Metrics for Fast Mesh Simplification

Triangle mesh simplification is of great interest in a variety of knowledge domains, since it allows manipulation and visualization of large models, and it is the starting point for the design of many multiresolution representations. A crucial point in the structure of a simplification method is the definition of an appropriate metric for guiding the decimation process, with the purpose of generating low error approximations at different levels of resolution. This paper proposes two new alternative metrics for mesh simplification, with the aim of producing high‐quality results with reduced execution time and memory usage, and being simple to implement. A set of different established metrics is also described and a comparative evaluation of these metrics against the two new metrics is performed. A single implementation is used in the experiments, in order to enable the evaluation of these metrics independently from other simplification aspects. Results obtained from the simplification of a number of models, using the different metrics, are compared.
Electronic Commerce

Electronic Commerce (e-Commerce) is a term popularized by the advent of commercial services on the Internet. Internet e-Commerce is however, only one part of the overall sphere of e-Commerce. The commercial use of the Internet is perhaps typified by once-off sales to consumers. Other types of transactions use other technologies. Electronic Markets (EMs) are in use in a number of trade segments with an emphasis on search facilities and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is used for regular and standardized transactions between organizations. The mainstream of e-Commerce consists of these three areas; these are represented as a diagram and outlined in a little more detail below.
Visible-Light-Driven, Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Photo-Catalyst for Self-Cleaning Cotton Fabrics

We report here the photo-catalytic properties of dye-sensitized TiO2-coated cotton fabrics. In this study, visible-light-driven, self-cleaning cotton fabrics were developed by coating the cotton fabrics with dye-sensitized TiO2. TiO2 nano-sol was prepared via the sol-gel method and the cotton fabric was coated with this nano-sol by the dip-pad–dry-cure method. In order to enhance the photo-catalytic properties of this TiO2-coated cotton fabric under visible light irradiation, the TiO2-coated cotton fabric was dyed with a phthalocyanine-based reactive dye, C.I. Reactive Blue 25 (RB-25), as a dye sensitizer for TiO2. The photo-catalytic self-cleaning efficiency of the resulting dye/TiO2-coated cotton fabrics was evaluated by degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) and color co-ordinate measurements. Dye/TiO2-coated cotton fabrics show very good photo-catalytic properties under visible light.
The Characteristics and Safety of Previous Fillers in Secondary Rhinoplasty

Filler injection into the soft tissue of the nose is a useful method for rhinoplasty. Soft-tissue fillers have become more prevalent for facial augmentation in the last 2 decades, even though the complications of permanent fillers can be challenging to treat [1]. Recently, various soft-tissue fillers have become available. Each filler has its own properties, so the clinician must choose the proper filler according to the patient’s needs to obtain good aesthetic results and to prevent undesired complications [2]. Many types of filler products have been used to reconstruct nasal deformities and to supplement rhinoplasty, especially for nasal dorsal augmentation. The use of fillers for reinforcement after primary rhinoplasty using implant material is common. In such procedures, the choice of filler depends on the characteristics of the filler and the requirements of the case. However, little information is available on the use of fillers for primary rhinoplasty. Consequently, insufficient studies have investigated open rhinoplasty as a secondary operation after primary rhinoplasty with filler. Moreover, no retrospective study has been performed to determine the later effects and features of existing fillers. We evaluated patients who had undergone nasal dorsal augmentation with a filler. Open rhinoplasty was performed as a secondary operation. In this process, we evaluated the ease of removal of the previously injected filler, the characteristics of the removed filler, and the viability of the surrounding tissues. The objectives of this study were to identify the characteristics of the fillers used for the primary operations and to determine which filler produced better long-term results. Bong Il Rho, Seok Min Yoon, Eun Soo Park, Syeo Young Wee
Altered microRNA Expression Profiles and Regulation of INK4A/CDKN2A Tumor Suppressor Genes in Canine Breast Cancer Models

microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling of cancer versus normal cells may reveal the characteristic regulatory features that can be correlated to altered gene expression in both human and animal models of cancers. In this study, the comprehensive expression profiles of the 277 highly characterized miRNAs from the canine genome were evaluated in spontaneous canine mammary tumor (CMT) models harboring defects in a group of cell cycle regulatory and potent tumor suppressor genes of INK4/CDKN2 family including p16/INK4A, p14ARF, and p15/INK4B. A large number of differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in three CMT cell lines to potentially target oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and cancer biomarkers. A group of the altered miRNAs were identified by miRNA target prediction tools for regulation of the INK4/CDKN2 family tumor suppressor genes. miRNA‐141 was experimentally validated for INK4A 3′‐UTR target binding in the CMT cell lines providing an essential mechanism for the post‐transcriptional regulation of the INK4A tumor suppressor gene in CMT models. A well‐recognized group of miRNAs including miR‐21, miR‐155, miR‐9, miR‐34a, miR‐143/145, and miR‐31 were found to be altered in both CMTs and human breast cancer. These altered miRNAs might serve as potential targets for advancing the development of future therapeutic reagents. These findings further strengthen the validity and use of canine breast cancers as appropriate models for the study of human breast cancers. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2956–2969, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improvement in mechanical properties of sponge-gourd fibers through different chemical treatment as demonstrated by utilization of the Weibull distribution model

ABSTRACT Sponge-gourd natural fibers obtained from Luffa cylindrica plant were chemically treated separately using 5−15 wt% NaOH, acetic anhydride and benzoyl chloride solutions. Surface morphological, mechanical and thermal characteristics of untreated and chemically treated fibers were studied. Untreated and modified surfaces of the fibers were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Tensile tests were carried out by equal length of single fibers to obtain their mechanical properties. The two-parameter Weibull distribution model was applied to find the variation in mechanical properties. Tensile strength, elastic modulus and thermal stability of the fibers were found to significantly increase after chemical treatment.
Electromagnetic Effect of Eddy Currents in Composites with Conductive Components: Magnetic Field Strengthening and its Simple Analytical Estimation

Composites and dynamic materials that include conductive components are becoming a suitable choice in different applications. The eddy currents are generated when the conductive components are placed in alternating magnetic field. The eddy currents decrease the primary field and this effect has been well studied and it is used for electromagnetic shielding. Besides, the magnetic field increases in small space near edges of the conductive components. While this effect of magnetic field strengthening is known, it is rarely examined. We will introduce a simple model that can be appropriate for the conductive components in form of long thin sheets. We analytically analyze the model and obtain expressions that give upper bounds for increasing of the net magnetic field. The electromagnetic effect of strengthening should be taken into account when considering an application of the composites. The results are useful for electromagnetic compatibility analysis, non-destructive testing and monitoring of composite and dynamic materials with conductive components.
Disaggregation of home energy display data using probabilistic approach

Home energy displays are emerging home energy management devices. Their energy saving potential is limited, because most display whole-home electricity consumption data. We propose a new approach to disaggregation electricity consumption by individual appliances and/or end uses that would enhance the effectiveness of home energy displays. The proposed method decomposes a system of appliance models into tuplets of appliances overlapping in power draw. Each tuplet is disaggregated using a modified Viterbi algorithm. In this way, the complexity of the disaggregation algorithm is linearly proportional to the number of appliances. The superior accuracy of the method is illustrated by a simulation example and by actual household data.
(2002). Initiating Hox gene expression: in the early chick neural tube differential sensitivity to FGF and RA signaling subdivides the HoxB genes in two distinct groups. Development (Cambridge) , (22), 5103-5115.

Cdx gene ( XcadEnR ) we found that the effect of FGF treatment on 5 ¢ HoxB genes is mediated in part through the activation and function of CDX activity. Conversely, the 3 ¢ HoxB genes ( Hoxb1 and Hoxb3-Hoxb5 ) are sensitive to RA but not FGF treatments at these stages. We demonstrated by in ovo electroporation of a dominant negative retinoid receptor construct ( dnRAR ) that retinoid signaling is required to initiate expression. Elevating CDX activity by ectopic expression of an activated form of a Xenopus Cdx gene ( XcadVP16) in the hindbrain ectopically activates and anteriorly expands Hoxb4 expression. In a similar manner, when ectopic expression of XcadVP16 is combined with FGF treatment, we found that Hoxb9 expression expands anteriorly into the hindbrain region. Our ﬁndings suggest a model whereby, over the window of early development we examined, all HoxB genes are actually competent to interpret an FGF signal via a CDX-dependent pathway. However, mechanisms that axially restrict the Cdx domains of expression, serve to prevent 3 ¢ genes from responding to FGF signaling in the hindbrain. FGF may have a dual role in both modulating the accessibility of the HoxB complex along the axis and in activating the expression of Cdx genes. The position of the shift in RA or FGF responsiveness of Hox genes may be time dependent. Hence, the speciﬁc Hox genes in each of these complementary groups may vary in later stages of development or other tissues. These results highlight the key role of Cdx genes in integrating the input of multiple signaling pathways, such as FGFs and RA, in controlling initiation of Hox expression during development and the importance of understanding regulatory events/ mechanisms that modulate Cdx expression.
Learning non-linear classifiers with a sparsity constraint using L1 regularization

When combined with kernels, Support Vector Machines (SVMs) often achieve outstanding accuracy. This comes, however, at the cost of very expensive predictions. To address this issue, we consider the problem of learning a non-linear classifier with a sparsity constraint. Using ℓ1-regularization, we show that this reduces to a univariate parameter search problem, which we show how to solve efficiently. Experiments show that our approach, while leading to much sparser models, is competitive with unconstrained kernel SVMs, both in terms of accuracy and training time.
EÆcient Relational Storage and Retrieval of XML Documents

In this paper, we present a data and an execution model that allow for eÆcient storage and retrieval of XML documents in a relational database. The data model is strictly based on the notion of binary associations: by decomposing XML documents into small, exible and semantically homogeneous units we are able to exploit the performance potential of vertical fragmentation. Moreover, our approach provides clear and intuitive semantics, which facilitates the de nition of a declarative query algebra. Our experimental results with large collections of XML documents demonstrate the e ectiveness of the techniques proposed.
Last exit: senescence, abscission, and meristem arrest in Arabidopsis.

When creating a painting, an artist applies successive layers of pigment onto a blank canvas. A sculptor, on the other hand, may chip away at a block of stone until the form of a statue emerges. Although the painter's method can be applied readily to developmental biology, the influence of the sculptor's hand should not be overlooked. The importance of programmed cell death in animal development is becoming increasingly appreciated (White, 1996), but it is in higher potential in plants. To this end, we consider how Arabidopsis may be useful as a model for identifying and characterizing specific genes that influence these developmental traits.
Be real! XCS with continuous-valued inputs

XCS is widely accepted as one of the most reliable Michigan-style learning classifier system (LCS) for data mining. In order to handle real-valued inputs effectively, the traditional ternary representation has been replaced by the interval-based representation and the modified XCS has shown to work well. Existing interval-based representations still suffer from a few drawbacks which this paper address. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach called the Min-Percentage representation which produces comparable results to other methods in the literature with the extra advantage of overcoming the drawbacks in these methods.