Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Science without laws

This text offers a mediating experience perspective on an increasingly volatile line of enquiry. The author does not question major findings of modern science: for example, that the universe is expanding or that inheritance is carried by DNA molecules with a double helical structure. But like many critics of modern science, he rejects the widespread notion of science - deriving ultimately from the Enlightenment - as a uniquely rational activity leading to the discovery of universal truths underlying all natural phenomena. Ronald Giere argues that it is better to understand scientists as merely constructing more or less abstract models of limited aspects of the world. Such an understanding makes possible a resolution of the issues at stake in the science wars. The critics of science are seen to be correct in rejecting the Enlightenment idea of science and its defenders are seen to be correct in insisting that science does produce genuine knowledge of the natural world. Giere argues that to criticize the Enlightenment ideal is not to criticize science itself and that to defend science one need not defend the Enlightenment ideal. The book thus stakes out a middle ground in these debates by showing how science can be better conceived in other ways.
Resistance of central and peripheral airways measured by a retrograde catheter.

MACKLEM, PETER T. , AND JERE MEAD. Resistance of central and peripheral airways measured by a retrograde catheter. J. Appl. Physiol. 22(3): 3g5-401. rg67. -Pressure in airways 1.5-2.5 mm internal diameter was measured in open-chested living dogs and in excised lungs from different species with a ‘(retrograde” catheter extending from the lumen through the bronchial wall, parenchyma, and pleura to the manometer. The pressure was used to partition pulmonary flow resistance (RL) into a peripheral resistance (Rp) between the catheter and alveoli and a central resistance (Rc) between the catheter and the trachea. Rp was too small to detect above 8075 VC but increased at lower volumes to 15 y. of RL at 10% VC. RL increased considerably at low volumes due primarily to an increase in Rc. RL increased at high lung volumes as well, usually due entirely to an increase in Rc. The low value of Rp favors equality of gas distribution, but constriction of peripheral airways might affect gas distribution and exchange with little change in Rr,. Because lung tissue resistance is included in Rp, it must be a negligible component of RL in the dogs studied.
Acute infarction limited to the lenticular nucleus: clinical, etiologic, and topographic features.

BACKGROUND Chronic diseases involving the putamen and globus pallidus induce parkinsonism and other movement disorders. Sensory and motor dysfunction from deep middle cerebral artery infarction is usually due to an involvement of the internal capsule. The clinical picture associated with isolated infarction of the lenticular nucleus is less well established. OBJECTIVE To analyze clinical features, topographic correlations, and cause of purely lenticular ischemic infarction. PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed 820 consecutive patients with deep hemispheral infarct included in the Lausanne Stroke Registry between 1986 and 1998 and selected those with isolated lenticular involvement on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Thirteen patients had pure lenticular infarction. All had faciobrachiocrural hemisyndrome, while none showed acute or delayed parkinsonism or abnormal movement. Nine patients had a lesion restricted to the putamen. Two of them had ataxic motor hemisyndrome and 7 had sensorimotor hemisyndrome (with ataxia in 4, left hemineglect in 1, and deep pain in the arm and leg in 1). Four patients had a lesion of putamen and globus pallidus externus. Three of them had motor hemisyndrome (with nonfluent aphasia in 2 and ataxia in 1) and 1 had ataxic sensorimotor hemisyndrome. All infarcts were in the territory of the medial perforating branches of the medial cerebral artery. Presumed cause of stroke was small-artery disease in 5, artery-to-artery embolism in 4, cardioembolism in 3 and undetermined in 1. CONCLUSIONS Acute lenticular infarction induces mainly hemiparesis but no movement disorder. Associated sensory deficits, aphasia, and hemineglect underline clinically the function of the lenticular nucleus in connection with the prefrontal, temporal, and parietal cortices.
Exercise as an Augmentation Strategy for Treatment of Major Depression

The use of augmentation strategies among patients with major depression is increasing because rates of complete remission with standard antidepressant monotherapy are quite low. Clinical and neurobiological data suggest that exercise may be a good candidate for use as an augmentation treatment for depression. This pilot study examined the use of exercise to augment antidepressant medication in patients with major depression. Seventeen patients with incomplete remission of depressive symptoms began a 12-week exercise program while continuing their antidepressant medication (unchanged in type or dose). Individual exercise prescriptions were calculated based on an exercise dose consistent with currently recommended public health guidelines. The exercise consisted of both supervised and home-based sessions. The 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD17) and the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Report (IDS-SR30) were used to assess symptoms of depression on a weekly basis. Intent-to-treat analyses yielded significant decreases on both the HRSD17 (5.8 points, p < 0.008) and IDS-SR30 (13.9 points, p < 0.002). For patients who completed the study (n = 8), HRSD17 scores decreased by 10.4 points and IDS-SR30 scores decreased by 18.8 points. This study provides preliminary evidence for exercise as an effective augmentation treatment for antidepressant medication. This is a lower-cost augmentation strategy that has numerous health benefits and may further reduce depressive symptoms in partial responders to antidepressant treatment. Practical tips on how practitioners can use exercise to enhance antidepressant treatment are discussed. Longer-term use of exercise is also likely to confer additional health benefits for this population.
Leveraging Human Assets: Interpersonal Skill Development Program

Abstract : As the requirements of U.S. Army missions fluctuate from conflicts to peacekeeping and nationbuilding efforts, Soldiers confront complex cultural situations and are often in delicate positions that could be politically explosive. Interpersonal performance can be a critical component of success in these situations. Interpersonal skills have been listed as one of the critical skills for future force Soldiers, and interpersonal performance is extremely important for success in special operations areas such as Civil Affairs (CA) or Special Forces (SF) that work closely with indigenous populations. Despite the importance of interpersonal performance there is little emphasis on related skills in individual training or once the Soldier reaches the unit. In part this is likely due to the scarcity of tools available to provide training in this area. Creating tools for assessing, developing, and tracking interpersonal performance would be useful to counter this dearth. The goal of this project was to develop a DVD-based interpersonal skill training program that would facilitate performance in current missions. Civil Affairs (CA) was selected as the target population due to the importance of working with indigenous populations in the accomplishment of their mission. Two of this project's goals are to apply existing social cognition research to interpersonal skill development and provide accelerated, commander-controlled interpersonal skill training using automated tools that can be used anywhere in the world, whenever needed.
CMOS bridge rectifier (CBR) using 0.18 micron technology for energy harvesting applications

In this work, an input-powered AC/DC CMOS bridge rectifier (CBR) is proposed using 0.18 μm CMOS process. It is based on a simple bridge connected full wave rectifier, without an external dc voltage to turn-ON. The rectifier may be used for energy harvesting applications with a typical output of relatively low-amplitude input and low frequency of ac voltages. The proposed CBR achieves a maximum voltage efficiency of 96% with 1.0-V ac input amplitude and 50 Hz input frequency, delivering 1.22 mW of output power. The proposed CBR occupies an active area of 0.0054 mm2 that is at least 58.5 % smaller than other reported solutions.
A small footprint i-vector extractor

Both the memory and computational requirements of algorithms traditionally used to extract i-vectors at run time and to train i-vector extractors off-line scale quadratically in the ivector dimensionality. We describe a variational Bayes algorithm for calculating i-vectors exactly which converges in a few iterations and whose computational and memory requirements scale linearly rather than quadratically. For typical i-vector dimensionalities, the computational requirements are slightly greater than those of the traditional algorithm. The run time memory requirement is scarcely greater than that needed to store the eigenvoice basis. Because it is an exact method, the variational Bayes algorithm enables the construction of i-vector extractors of much higher dimensionality than has previously been envisaged. We show that modest gains in speaker verification accuracy (as measured by the 2010 NIST detection cost function) can be achieved using high dimensional i-vectors.
Brain iron uptake in hypotransferrinemic mice: Influence of systemic iron status

The relationship of the heterogeneity of iron concentrations in the brain with the regulation of iron uptake into specific brain regions remains unresolved. We used hypotransferrinemic mice and an iron‐deficient or control diet to explore whether plasma transferrin (Tf), transferrin saturation, and plasma iron levels influence the uptake of 59Fe and whether there was brain region specificity. Weaning wild‐type (+/+) and heterozygotic mice (+/hpx), were sorted randomly to either a iron‐deficient diet or a control iron diet for 8 weeks, whereas homozygous mice (hpx/hpx) ate the control diet for 8 weeks before 59Fe uptake studies. Iron‐deficient heterozygous and wild‐type mice both had significantly greater plasma Tf levels (37.5 and 42.5 μM) than control mice had (heterozygous and wild‐type controls were 20 and 32.5 μM) and far more than homozygous mice (<0.2 μM) had, thus providing five distinct levels of plasma Tf concentrations. After intravenous injection of 59Fe, brains of iron‐deficient wild‐type mice took up significantly more 59Fe (0.15% dose) compared to control wild‐type mice (0.056%) at 2 hr, a treatment effect that persisted through 24 hr. In contrast, diet had no effect in heterozygous mice. Importantly, homozygous mice had equivalent uptake to other groups (0.089% dose) by 24 hr. Early brain radioactivity varied by regions (hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex ∼10–18% brain uptake > cerebellum, pons, thalamus, and striatum ∼7–12% > cortex, hippocampus, and substantia nigra ∼6–8%). This distribution of radioactivity changed over 24 hr in the hypothalamus of heterozygous mice, homozygous mice, and iron‐deficient wild‐type mice. Homozygous mice also showed higher uptake (13–15%) in some regions (hypothalamus and cerebellum) than in other regions. In wild‐type and heterozygous mice, 59Fe uptake was inversely related to brain Tf and was independent of regional brain iron concentrations and plasma Tf levels or saturation. These experimental data suggest that brain iron uptake may be constitutive and independent of plasma Tf, transferrin saturation, or regional brain iron concentration. The proteins and mechanisms responsible for additional iron uptake into specific regions, or perhaps the redistribution are unclear though the data are supportive of a non‐transferrin‐bound iron uptake pathway. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non-invasive imaging in atrial fibrillation: focus on prognosis and catheter ablation

Imaging identifies patients with high-risk phenotype among the general population with atrial fibrillation, such as the presence of structural and valvular heart disease, which are both related to adverse outcome. Imaging is also potentially important for prediction of success of catheter ablation. Specifically, patients with larger left atrial size, reduced left atrial function and increased left atrial fibrosis content are more likely to experience atrial fibrillation recurrences after ablation. Routine and advanced echocardiographic imaging techniques and multi-detector row computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can provide detailed information. Currently, imaging techniques are not able to predict success on an individual basis, but it does permit identification of patients with high versus low risk of atrial fibrillation recurrence after ablation. Finally, imaging can be performed after ablation to demonstrate beneficial effects of restoration of sinus rhythm, including left atrial reverse remodelling and improvement in left atrial or ventricular function. All these issues are discussed in the current review.
FASE: An Open Run-Time Reconfigurable FPGA Architecture for Tamper-Resistant and Secure Embedded Systems

The run-time reconfigurable (RTR) feature is highly desirable for flexible and fast self-contained systems. RTR can be achieved on some commercial FPGA platforms. We propose an open solution, called FASE that allows for fine-grain RTR, designed to be more intuitive than currently available solutions. The issues of initializing RTR soft IP-cores and a design flow to manage the dynamics of RTR are presented. In the context of secure embedded systems, there is a need for both flexibility and tamper-resistance. However, the robustness level for security constraints is difficult to get and to prove because of the proprietary hidden structures. The FASE architecture addresses these issues. It makes it possible for any designer to implement custom and arbitrary dynamic strategies. We illustrate two case studies: an implementation-level counter-measure against side-channel attacks and an efficient strategy to thwart fault injection attacks against cryptographic functions
Regional reductions of gray matter volume in familial dyslexia

An in vivo anatomic study of gray matter volume was performed in a group of familial dyslexic individuals, using an optimized method of voxel-based morphometry. Focal abnormalities in gray matter volume were observed bilaterally in the planum temporale, inferior temporal cortex, and cerebellar nuclei, suggesting that the underlying anatomic abnormalities may be responsible for defective written language acquisition in these subjects.
Reduced cytosolic acidification during exercise suggests defective glycolytic activity in skeletal muscle of patients with Becker muscular dystrophy

Summary Becker muscular dystrophy is an X-linked disorder due to mutations in the dystrophin gene, resulting in reduced size and/or content of dystrophin. The functional role of this subsarcolemmal protein and the biochemical mechanisms leading to muscle necrosis in Becker muscular dystrophy are still unknown. In particular, the role of a bioenergetic deficit is still controversial. In this study, we used 31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 31 PMRS) to investigate skeletal muscle mitochondrial and glycolytic ATP production in vivo in 14 Becker muscular dystrophy patients. Skeletal muscle glycogenolytic ATP production, measured during the first minute of exercise, was similar in patients and controls. On the other hand,
Social Thinking - Software Practice

From the Publisher: Software practice--which includes software development, design, and use--needs to go beyond the traditional engineering framework. Drawing on a variety of social theory approaches, this book focuses on interdisciplinary cooperation in software practice. The topics discussed include the facilitation of collaborative software development, communication between developers and users, and the embedding of software systems in organizations.
Throughput Maximization for 60 GHz WPANs via Device Cooperation

With directional transmission, 60 GHz wireless personal area networks (WPAN) are capable of providing larger spatial reuse ratio as compared to omni-directional networks. In this work, a device cooperation scheme is proposed to improve throughput of the 60 GHz WPAN that employs spatial reuse. The throughput maximization is formulated as a linear programming problem and an optimal solution is provided. WPAN performance with and without device cooperation is studied via simulations. The results demonstrate that device cooperation provides significant throughput improvement as compared to non-cooperative transmission.
“Always in My Face”: An Exploration of Social Class Consciousness, Salience, and Values

This qualitative study explores social class consciousness, salience, and values of White, low-income, first-generation college students. Overall, participants minimized the salience of social class as an aspect of their identity with many of them expressing that they did not want their social class to define them. Although participants largely did not feel as if social class was an important aspect of their identity, it became clear through their stories that this aspect of their identity influenced how they viewed themselves, the world around them, and their higher SES peers in college. Implications for higher education research and practice are discussed.
Sexism, Erotophobia, and the Illusory “No”: Implications for Acquaintance Rape Awareness

SUMMARY I examined erotophobic, sex-negative attitudes toward female sexuality as they relate to acquaintance rape. Evidence suggests that sexist assumptions about female eroticism are intrinsically related to sexual violence against women. The argument is made that society's willingness to acknowledge women as sexual victims while simultaneously failing to validate women as sexual agents creates an ideal breeding ground for acquaintance rape. Accordingly, an analysis will be offered: in a culture that denies women freedom to say “yes” to sex without negative stigma, “no” does not always mean “no.” In this article, I will assert mat those who care about stopping sexual aggression in dating relationships have an obligation to work to eradicate sexist assumptions that neuter women's erotic selves.
Cohesion Metrics for Ontology Design and Application

Recently, domain specific ontology development has been driven by research on the Semantic Web. Ontologies have been suggested for use in many application areas targeted by the Semantic Web, such as dynamic web service composition and general web service matching. Fundamental characteristics of these ontologies must be determined in order to effectively make use of them: for example, Sirin, Hendler and Parsia have suggested that determining fundamental characteristics of ontologies is important for dynamic web service composition. Our research examines cohesion metrics for ontologies. The cohesion metrics examine the fundamental quality of cohesion as it relates to ontologies.
Universal Dynamic Complexity as the Basis for Theoretic Ecology and Unified Civilisation Transition to Creative Global Sustainability

The recently proposed new, universally applicable, rigorously derived and reality-based concept of dynamic complexity provides a unified basis for the causally complete understanding of any real, multi-component and multi-level system of interacting entities, including the case of earth system and global civilisation development. This crucial extension with respect to other existing notions of complexity is obtained due the unrestricted, universally nonperturbative analysis of arbitrary interaction process leading to the new, rigorously derived concept of dynamically multivalued (redundant) entanglement of interacting components. Any real system with interaction is described as a sequence of autonomously emerging "levels of complexity", where each level includes unceasing, dynamically random change of multiple system configurations, or "realisations", each of them resulting from dynamic entanglement of interaction components coming, generally, from lower complexity levels. Dynamic complexity as such is universally defined as a growing function of the number of those explicitly obtained system realisations (or related rate of their change). Mathematically rigorous, realistic and universal nature of unreduced dynamic complexity determines its unique role as a basis for theoretical ecology. This conclusion is confirmed by several directions of universal complexity application to global change understanding and monitoring. They include the rigorously substantiated necessity of civilisation transition to the superior level of complexity involving new, intrinsically unified and causally complete kind of knowledge (initiated by the "universal science of complexity"), qualitatively new kind of material production, social structure, and infrastructure. We show why that new level of civilisation development is intrinsically "sustainable", i. e. characterised by creative, complexity-increasing interaction between "production" and "natural resources" that replaces current contradiction between them.
Green optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing networks

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) has been proposed as an enabling technique for elastic optical networks to support heterogeneous traffic demands by enabling rate and modulation adaptive bandwidth allocation. The authors investigate the energy efficiency of optical OFDM-based networks. A mixed integer linear programming model is developed to minimise the total power consumption of rate and modulation adaptive optical OFDM networks. Considering a symmetric traffic, the results show that optical OFDM-based networks can save up to 31% of the total network power consumption compared to conventional Internet protocol over wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks. Considering the power consumption of the optical layer, the optical OFDM-based network saves up to 55% of the optical layer power consumption. The results also show that under an asymmetric traffic scenario, where more traffic is destined to or originates from popular nodes, for example data centres, the power savings achieved by the optical OFDM-based networks are limited as the higher traffic demands to and from data centres reduce the bandwidth wastage associated with conventional WDM networks. Furthermore, the achievable power savings through data compression have been investigated, considering an optical OFDM-based network.
Effect of delay spike on SCTP, TCP Reno, and Eifel in a wireless mobile environment

Eifel has been proposed as a solution to enhance the performance of TCP during delay spikes in a wireless mobile environment. This paper evaluates and compares the performance of SCTP, TCP, and Eifel during delay spikes. We have shown that although Eifel performs better than TCP Reno and SCTP when there are no packet losses, the opposite is true when packets are lost in the presence of delay spikes. Our results also show that a higher link bandwidth does not always increase the data throughput of SCTP, TCP Reno, and Eifel.
Testing for parametric faults in static CMOS circuits

The authors compare the cost of testing for excess of I/sub DDQ/ caused by bridge, break, and transistor stuck-on faults versus the cost of traditional testing methods. It is shown that, since many defects, cause nonlogical faults, I/sub DDQ/ monitoring during the application of test vectors to an IC provides significantly higher defect coverage than using only conventional testing. The costs for I/sub DDQ/ testing are compared with those for SSF (single-stuck-at-fault) testing by modifying an existing SSF ATPG (automatic test pattern generation) system. It is concluded that test generation for I/sub DDQ/ faults is quicker and more complete than for equivalent SSF faults, and even without explicit I/sub DDQ/ test generation, I/sub DDQ/ monitoring can be added to existing SSF testing for increased defect coverage. <<ETX>>