Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An optimal hydrodynamic model for the normal type IIP supernova 1999em

Context. There is still no consensus about progenitor masses of type IIP supernovae. Aims. We study a normal type IIP SN 1999em in detail and compare it to a peculiar type IIP SN 1987A. Methods. We computed the hydrodynamic and time-dependent atmosphere models interpreting simultaneously both the photometric and spectroscopic observations. Results. The bolometric light curve of SN 1999em and the spectral evolution of its H α line are consistent with a presupernova radius of 500 ± $200~R_{\odot}$, an ejecta mass of 19.0 ± $1.2~M_{\odot}$, an explosion energy of $(1.3\pm0.1)$ $\times$ 10 51 erg, and a radioactive 56 Ni mass of 0.036 ± $0.009~M_{\odot}$. A mutual mixing of hydrogen-rich and helium-rich matter in the inner layers of the ejecta guarantees a good fit of the calculated light curve to that observed. Based on the hydrodynamic models in the vicinity of the optimal model, we derive the approximate relationships between the basic physical and observed parameters. The hydrodynamic and atmosphere models of SN 1999em are inconsistent with the short distance of 7.85 Mpc to the host galaxy. Conclusions. We find that the hydrogen recombination in the atmosphere of a normal type IIP SN 1999em, as well as most likely other type IIP supernovae at the photospheric epoch, is essentially a time-dependent phenomenon. It is also shown that in normal type IIP supernovae the homologous expansion of the ejecta in its atmosphere takes place starting from nearly the third day after the supernova explosion. A comparison of SN 1999em with SN 1987A reveals two very important results for supernova theory. First, the comparability of the helium core masses and the explosion energies implies a unique explosion mechanism for these core collapse supernovae. Second, the optimal model for SN 1999em is characterized by a weaker 56 Ni mixing up to ≈ 660 km s -1 compared to a moderate 56 Ni mixing up to ~3000 km s -1 in SN 1987A, hydrogen being mixed deeply downward to ~650 km s -1 .
Camera calibration using two or three vanishing points

The perspective projection models the way a 3D scene is transformed into a 2D image, usually through a camera or an eye. In a projective transformation, parallel lines intersect in a point called vanishing point. This paper presents in detail two calibration methods that exploit the properties of vanishing points. The aim of the paper is to offer a practical tool for the choice of the appropriate calibration method depending on the application and on the initial conditions. The methods, using two respectively three vanishing points, are presented in detail and are compared. First, the two models are analyzed using synthetic data. Finally, each method is tested in a real configuration and the results show the quality of the calibration.
A Generalized Software Fault Classification Model OMAR SHATNAWI

Most non-homogenous Poisson process (NHPP) based software reliability growth models (SRGMs) presented in the literature assume that the faults in the software are of the same type. This assumption implies that the fault removal rate per remaining faults is independent of the testing time. However, this assumption is not truly representative of reality. It has been observed that the software contains different types of faults and each fault requires different strategies and different amount of testing-effort to remove it. This paper proposes a generalized model based on classification the faults in the software system according to their removal complexity. The removal complexity is proportional to the amount of testing-effort required to remove the fault. The testing-effort expenditures are represented by the number of stages required to remove the fault after the failure observation / fault isolation (with time delay between the stages). Therefore, it explicitly takes into account the faults of different severity and can capture variability in the growth curves depending on the environment it is being used and at the same time it has the capability to reduce either to exponential or Sshaped growth curves. Such modelling approach is very much suited for object-oriented programming and distributed development environments. Actual software reliability data have been used to demonstrate the proposed generalized model. Key-Words: software engineering, software testing, NHPP, SRGM, fault severity.
In the Elderly, Failure to Update Internal Models Leads to Over-Optimistic Predictions about Upcoming Actions

Before an action is performed, the brain simulates the body's dynamic behavior in relation to the environment, estimates the possible outcomes and assesses the feasibility of potential actions. Here, we tested a hypothesis whereby age-related changes in sensorimotor abilities result in failure to update internal models of action in the elderly. Young and older adults were required to judge in advance whether or not they could stand on an inclined plane (Experiment 1). Relative to young adults, elderly adults overestimated their postural capabilities: although the two groups made similar feasibility judgments, elderly participants showed significantly worse postural performance levels. This tendency to overestimate their own ability persisted when elderly adults had to not only estimate the feasibility of an action but also endanger themselves by walking towards an obstacle that was too high for them to clear (Experiment 2). An age-related failure to update internal models may prompt the elderly to make over-optimistic predictions about upcoming actions. In turn, this may favor risky motor decision-making and promote falls.
Antioxidant effect of angiotensin (1-7) in the protection of pancreatic β cell function

It is well known that the local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is activated in the diabetic state, which results in an increase in the level of oxidative stress injury to pancreatic β cells. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/angiotensin (1-7) [Ang (1-7)]/Mas axis is a negative regulator of the classical renin-angiotensin system. In order to investigate the antioxidant effect of Ang (1-7) on pancreatic β cells, INS-1 cells were cultured and oxidative stress was induced by treatment with H2O2. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and glucose-stimulated calcium (GSCa) responses in β cells were determined following treatment with Ang (1-7). It was observed that H2O2 significantly impaired the insulin secreting function, increased the production of ROS, and also decreased the levels of GSCa and MMP. Pre-treatment with Ang (1-7) alleviated these effects and treatment with A779 [antagonist of Ang (1-7)] prevented the effects of Ang (1-7). Based on these findings, it was concluded that Ang (1-7) can protect pancreatic β cells from oxidative injury and such protection can be blocked by its antagonist A779.
Prognostic Value of 18F-FDG PET-CT in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Is Dynamic Scanning Helpful?

Objectives. To evaluate the differences in prognostic values of static and dynamic PET-CT in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Material and Methods. Forty-five patients who had static scan were recruited. Sixteen had dynamic scan. The primary lesions were delineated from standardized uptake value (SUV) maps from static scan and K i maps from dynamic scan. The average follow-up lasted for 34 months. The patients who died or those with recurrence/residual disease were considered “poor outcome”; otherwise they were considered “good outcome. ” Fisher's exact test and ROC analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic value of various factors. Results. Tumor volume thresholded by 40% of maximal SUV (VOLSUV40) significantly predicted treatment outcome (p = 0.024) in the whole cohort. In 16 patients with dynamic scan, all parameters by dynamic scan were insignificant in predicting the outcome. The combination of maximal SUV, maximal K i, VOLSUV40, and VOLKi37 (the tumor volume thresholded by 37% maximal K i) achieved the highest predicting accuracy for treatment outcome with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 100% in these 16 patients; however this improvement compared to VOLSUV40 was insignificant. Conclusion. Tumor volume from static scan is useful in NPC prognosis. However, the role of dynamic scanning was not justified in this small cohort.
Long-term priority effects among insects and fungi colonizing decaying wood

1. Priority effects have been hypothesized to have long-lasting impact on community structure in natural ecosystems. Long-term studies of priority effects in natural ecosystems are however sparse, especially in terrestrial ecosystems. 2. Wood decay is a slow process involving a high diversity of insect and fungus species. Species interactions that drive change in communities of insects and fungi during wood decay are poorly understood because of a lack of sufficient long-term studies. 3. In this paper, we followed the colonization and succession of wood-living insects and fungi on cut trees during 15 years, from tree death and onwards, in a boreal forest landscape. We test the long-term priority effects hypothesis that the identity and abundance of species that colonize first affect the colonization success of later-arriving species. We also hypothesize that species interact in both facilitative and inhibitory ways, which ultimately affect habitat quality for a red-listed late-succession beetle species. 4. Possible causal associations between species were explored by path analysis. The results indicate that one bark beetle species, Hylurgops palliatus, and one wood-borer species, Monochamus sutor, which colonized the wood during the first year after cutting, influenced the occurrence of a rare, wood-living beetle, Peltis grossa, that started to emerge from the stumps about 10 years later. The positive effects of Hylurgops palliatus and negative effects of M. sutor were largely mediated through the wood-decaying fungus species Fomitopsis pinicola. 5. The study shows that variable priority effects may have long-lasting impact on community assembly in decaying wood. The study also exemplifies new possibilities for managing populations of threatened species by exploring links between early, well-understood species guilds and late, more poorly understood species guilds.
Analyzing the resource requirements of usage statistics gathering on online newspapers

Web analytics is a process through which website usage statistics and user behavior data are gathered. Such an analytics program can be used as a tool to get anonym information about users, for example who they are, from which site are they are coming, how often they are visiting the website, how much time do they spent on a site, etc. In this paper we focus on the performance of large websites from the perspective of web analytics and the required extra storage space. The number of page views can be millions per day on large websites, thus the stored user-data number (the amount of analytics data generated by a user visit event) is millions per day as well. Poor system design, even related to gathering user behavior statistics, can lead to system crash. Increasing the performance of the hardware exponentially is not possible in the practice, therefore only optimal data processing can lead to efficient system operation. In this paper we show how to calculate the number of userdata records generated in the database per day and total from system startup in general. Based on that we propose a model to calculate the cost of article high score list which is usually generated at least daily in such systems. Finally, the affect of different search engines are examined.
Mathematical modeling and fuzzy based speed control of permanent magnet synchronous motor drive

To design a control system it is desirable to represent the actual system in mathematical form. So a mathematical representation of a permanent magnet synchronous motor is presented here. The inductances of a PMSM vary as a function of rotor position, the d-q model is commonly used to represent PMSM. The d-q model is obtained to implement the current control in rotor reference frame. A fuzzy logic based speed controller for permanent magnet synchronous motor is proposed and investigated. In the paper the dynamic response of PMSM drive with proposed controller is analyzed for different loading conditions and with various speed.
A mixed GPC-H∞ robust cascade position-pressure control strategy for electropneumatic cylinders

A robust cascade strategy combining an outer position predictive control loop and an inner H∞ pressure control loop is proposed and tested on an electropneumatic testbed for parallel robotic applications. Two types of cylinders are tested, the standard double acting cylinder and the rodless one. A position/pressure difference (or force) strategy is developed and implemented. As the behavior of the nonlinear cylinders is nonlinear, a feedback linearization strategy is adopted. A Generalized Predictive Controller (GPC) is synthesized for the position outer loop and a constrained LMI based H∞ controller is synthesized for the pressure inner loop. Experimental results show the feasibility of the control strategies and good performances in terms of robustness and dynamic tracking.
A STRICTLY FINITISTIC SYSTEM FOR APPLIED MATHEMATICS

This paper reports the technical work in the monograph Strict Finitism and the Logic of Mathematical Applications (available online). The monograph proposes a strictly nitistic system and then showes that some signi cant applied mathematics, including the basics of unbounded linear operators on Hilbert space, can be developed within that system. Potential philosophical implications or applications of the work are briey discussed.
Algorithm 722: Functions to support the IEEE standard for binary floating-point arithmetic

This paper describes C programs for the support functions <italic>copysign(x,y), logb(x), scalb(x,n), nextafter(x,y), finite(x),</italic> and <italic>isnan(x)</italic> recommended in the Appendix to the <italic>IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic. </italic> In the case of <italic>logb</italic>, the modified definition given in the later <italic>IEEE Standard for Radix-Independent Floating-Point Arithmetic</italic> is followed. These programs should run without modification on most systems conforming to the binary standard.
Hα Imaging of the Hickson Compact Group 62 1

We report results of a search for optical emission line gas in the Hickson compact group 62. From narrow band (Hα ) imaging observations we estimate 10 4 M⊙ of ionized hydrogen gas within the central regions of three of the galaxies in the group. There has been considerable interest in this group since ROSAT detected an extended halo of diffuse X-ray emission, possibly with a cooling flow at the center. The optical emission line luminosities from the three galaxies are comparable to each other (� 10 39 ergs −1 ) and resemble those seen in normal X-ray luminous early type galaxies. There is no evidence for any excess emission in the galaxy which lies at the center of the X-ray cooling flow. We find that the most likely source of excitation for the emission line nebulosities is photoionization by young stars.
Graph-based verification of static program constraints

Software artifacts usually have static program constraints and these constraints should be satisfied in each reuse. In addition to this, the developers are also required to satisfy the coding conventions used by their organization. Because in a complex software system there are too many coding conventions and program constraints to be satisfied, it becomes a cumbersome task to check them all manually. This paper presents a process and tools that allow computer-aided program constraint checking that work on the source code. We developed a modeling language called Source Code Modeling Language (SCML) in which program elements from the source code can be represented. In the process, the source code is converted into SCML models. The constraint detection is realized by graph transformation rules which are also modeled in SCML; the rules detect the violation and extract information from the SCML model of the source code to provide feedback on the location of the problem. The constraint violations can be queried from a querying mechanism that automatically searches the graph for the extracted information. The process has been applied to an industrial software system.
Training back propagation neural networks with genetic algorithm for weather forecasting

Accurate weather forecasting is important in today's world as agricultural and industrial sectors are largely dependent on the weather conditions. Secondly, it is used to warn about natural disasters. Due to non-linearity in climatic physics, neural networks are suitable to predict these meteorological processes. Back Propagation algorithm using gradient descent method is the most important algorithm to train a neural network for weather forecasting. Back propagation algorithm suffers from several problems. In this paper, in order to overcome some of these problems, an integrated back propagation based genetic algorithm technique to train artificial neural networks is proposed. In the proposed technique, back propagation is combined with genetic algorithm in such a way that the pitfalls of the algorithm get converted to benefits. The results and comparison of the technique with the previous one are enlisted along with.
‘Ageing Playfully’: a story of forgetting and remembering

ABSTRACT An increasing interest in exploring how digital innovation could support dementia care has been a leading research responding to e-health movements, from caregiving and medical perspectives. Little research has included perspectives of people with dementia; even fewer are concerned with the emotional side of the research experience per se. The aim of this case study is to open a space for a discussion of the impact that this process has on design researchers engaging in the area of dementia. Grounded in these two overlapping creative spaces, a methodology emerged that focused on adding design value to outcomes and to all stakeholders involved along the process. The Ageing Playfully project explored, through a series of playful workshops, the opportunities available for people with dementia to catalyse imagination and social interaction through co-design. Participating in Ageing Playfully were 12 co-designers with dementia, 2 healthcarers and 4 researchers from Lancaster University working in the areas of design, computer science and health studies. This paper recounts the experience of the design researchers as part of the team and constructs a narrative in which emerging methods together with personal experience are protagonists; a story that offers memories within the forgetful corners of the investigation.
A reconfiguration approach for self-reconfigurable modular robot using assisted modules

This paper presents a new reconfiguration method for the mobile modular self-reconfigurable robot (M2SBot) using assisted modules, by which a robot can autonomously reconfigure from an arbitrary spatial configuration into another. The whole reconfiguration process can be accomplished in space directly rather than on ground. The significant features of this method include: (1) a Spatial Linking Matching Matrix (SLMM) representing the spatial complex topological configurations of the multi-module robot; (2) a contrast of the corresponding logic addresses of the modules between the two matrixes detecting the common/different substructures; (3) a new Disconnect-before-Connect method in reconfiguration strategy; (4) the use of auxiliary modules introduced in the reconfiguration process. The simulation results confirm that the method is applicable to the self-reconfigurable robot effectively.
Enzyme Inhibitory Properties, Antioxidant Activities, and Phytochemical Profile of Three Medicinal Plants from Turkey

We aimed to investigate the inhibitory potential of three medicinal plants (Hedysarum varium, Onobrychis hypargyrea, and Vicia truncatula) from Turkey against key enzymes involved in human pathologies, namely, diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), neurodegenerative disorders (tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase), and hyperpigmentation (tyrosinase). The antioxidant potential, phenolic and flavonoid content of ethyl acetate, and methanolic and aqueous extracts were investigated using in vitro assays. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC), β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH•), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+), cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and metal chelating activity on ferrous ions were used to evaluate the antioxidant capabilities of the extracts. The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the extracts on cholinesterase, tyrosinase, and α-amylase were significantly higher than the references, galantamine, kojic acid, and acarbose, respectively. The half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50) of the extracts on TAC, CUPRAC, and FRAP were significantly higher than trolox. The phenol and flavonoid contents of the plant extracts were in the range 20.90 ± 0.190–83.25 ± 0.914 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract and 1.45 ± 0.200–39.71 ± 0.092 mg rutin equivalent/g extract, respectively. The plants were found to possess moderate antioxidant capacities and interesting inhibitory action against key enzymes.
A Robust Satellite Technique (RST) for dust storm detection and monitoring: The case of 2009 Australian event

In this paper, an original method of satellite data analysis named RST (Robust Satellite Technique), already successfully used to study and monitor several natural and environmental hazards, is applied for the first time to a recent dust storm occurred in Australia in September 2009. This event was analyzed implementing RST on MTSAT-1R (Multi-functional Transport Satellite-1Replacement) Japanese geostationary satellite data. Some preliminary results of this study are presented, discussing RST performances even in comparison with traditional split window satellite techniques.
The neuro-cognitive representation of word meaning resolved in space and time

One of the core human abilities is that of interpreting symbols. Notwithstanding decades of neuropsychological and neuroimaging work on the cognitive and neural substrate of semantic representations, many questions are left unanswered. The research in this dissertation attempts to unravel one of them: are the neural substrates of different components of concrete word meaning dissociated? In the first part, I review the different theoretical positions and empirical findings on the cognitive and neural correlates of semantic representations. Crucially, I propose an operational distinction between motor-perceptual dimensions (i.e., those attributes of the objects referred to by the words that are perceived through the senses) and conceptual ones (i.e., the information that is built via a complex integration of multiple perceptual features). In the second part, I present the results of the studies I conducted in order to investigate the automaticity of retrieval, topographical organization, and temporal dynamics of motor-perceptual and conceptual dimensions of word meaning. The results suggest that the neural substrates of different components of symbol meaning can be dissociated in terms of localization and of the feature of the signal encoding them, while sharing a similar temporal evolution.