Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tau lepton reconstruction with energy ﬂow and the search for R-parity violating supersymmetry at the ATLAS experiment

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is measuring proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √ s = 7 TeV since 2010, an energy never reached before in collider experiments. A wide variety of measurements within and beyond the framework of the Standard Model of Particle Physics are performed. Supersymmetry (SUSY) is a widely studied extension of the Standard Model. In order to keep the parameter space of the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (MSSM) phenomenologically manageable one often uses simplifying assumptions like minimal supergravity (mSUGRA). Additionally, almost all SUSY studies of the ATLAS collaboration assume the conservation of R-parity, which leads to a stable, weakly interacting lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). This thesis investigates the discovery potential of the ATLAS experiment for R-parity violating (RPV) SUSY models in the framework of mSUGRA, where the stau (τ̃ ) is the LSP. Hence, the LSP is charged and decays in contrast to R-parity conserving models. Monte Carlo simulations of the detector are essential for all studies in the ATLAS experiment. The ATLAS fast track simulation FATRAS is a new approach for the Monte Carlo simulation of particles in the tracking systems. Its results are compared to first data at √ s = 900 GeV. Additionally, two generic detector simulations are compared to the full simulation of the ATLAS detector. The reconstruction of hadronic decays of tau leptons is crucial for the reconstruction of the stau mass in the considered model, but also of general interest for many searches for new physics with ATLAS. In this thesis the reconstruction of tracks for particles from tau decays is studied. A novel method, PanTau, is presented for the tau reconstruction in ATLAS. It is fully based on results of the energy flow algorithm eflowRec. Its performance is evaluated in Monte Carlo simulations. The dependency of the identification variables on the jet energy are studied in detail. Finally, the energy flow quantities and the identification variables are compared between Monte Carlo simulations and measured QCD jet events with first ATLAS data at √ s = 7 TeV. For the first time in the framework of this RPV model a detailed signal to background analysis is performed for a specific benchmark scenario using a full Monte Carlo simulation of the ATLAS detector. The parameter space in the neighbourhood of this benchmark scenario is investigated in a parameter scan. The discovery reach with the first data of the ATLAS experiment is estimated. Furthermore a feasibility study for an estimate of the stau LSP mass is given.
The calculation of drag on nano‐cylinders

The study of molecular flows at low Knudsen numbers (∼0.1–0.5), over nano‐scaled objects of 20–100 nm size is becoming an important area of research. The simulation of fluid–structure interaction at nano‐scale is important for understanding the adsorption and drag resistance characteristics of nano‐devices in the fields of drug delivery, surface cleaning and protein movement.
Microbial Dynamics in Sour–Sweet Wine Vinegar: Impacts on Chemical and Sensory Composition

The most known and traditional vinegar is the one that is made from wine. For its production, the grape must undergo alcohol fermentation and the posterior oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid. Yeasts and acetic acid bacteria (AAB) carry out the biochemical processes in sequence. The process of wine acetification can be achieved by slow traditional processes (the Orléans or French methods) or by a quick submerged industrial process. High-quality vinegar is usually produced by traditional methods using oak casks, once the wood allows the continuous aeration of the acetic bacteria culture. Sour–sweet vinegar presents a balance of both bitter/sour and sweet flavors. The sourness typically comes from acetic acid, while the sweetness can come from the type of fruit or the amount of sugar present at the end of vinegar production. In general, sour-sweet vinegar has a more complex and nuanced flavor profile compared to regular vinegar, which is often simply sour. One kind of vinegar produced by wine acetification where yeasts and bacteria co-exist and produce savory vinegar is traditional balsamic vinegar (TBV), from Italy. In Spain, fortified sherry wine has also been used for vinegar production. In Portugal, some wine companies have produced port wine vinegar since 2018. These three distinctive vinegar products have in common the sweetness that can be found, well balanced with the acetic acid sourness. In this review, we analyze the sour-sweat wine vinegar process, bearing in mind the possible interactions between yeasts and AAB that occur during vinegar production and considering the symbiotic or competitive features of a diverse microbiota.
Chronotype, Aerobic Performance, and Sleep Quality of Young Athletes Before and During Ramadan Observance

Background and Objective Intermittent fasting has become a popular topic in recent years, with many people turning to this dietary approach to improve their health and manage their weight. It has also been studied for its potential impact on various aspects of health, including sleep and physical performance. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of intermittent fasting during Ramadan and chronotype on sleep quality and aerobic performance in young athletes.Methods This study is a prospective cohort design with repeated measurements, including 117 amateur athletes (16.86 ± 1.07 years) from Morocco. The aerobic performance was measured with the 20-m shuttle-run test. We also assessed sleep quality with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The chronotype was assessed by the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. We examined the difference in means before and during Ramadan; then, we analyzed the correlation between all variables.Results The current study showed that while aerobic performance and sleep quality declined during Ramadan, those with good sleep quality performed better in all periods. It also showed that chronotype is correlated with the aerobic performance before but not during Ramadan. However, the chronotype is associated with the sleep quality before and during Ramadan.Conclusions During Ramadan, athletes must build coping strategies to improve their sleep quality and maintain optimal physical performance.
Study on condition prediction and influencing factors of manganese carbonate recovery by high gradient pulse magnetic separation

Manganese carbonate ore belongs to weakly magnetic minerals, and its co-associated minerals are mainly non-magnetic minerals, which can be separated from gangue minerals at high magnetic field intensity. However, manganese grade and recovery of magnetic separation concentrate of manganese carbonate ore are low in actual production. Therefore, the influences of manganese carbonate particle size, magnetic field intensity, volume susceptibility, pulse stroke, pH, and other factors were studied. The optimal test conditions for manganese carbonate ore recovery by high-gradient magnetic separation were predicted through the calculation results. The results show that the particle radius of manganese carbonate is 0.020 mm, the pulse impulse time is 200 r/min, and the magnetic field intensity is 0.9 T. The optimum condition test was carried out with Qianbei manganese carbonate ore as the material. The test results show that the optimum conditions are the particle radius of 0.074-0.019 mm, pulse impulse time of 200 r/min, and magnetic field intensity of 1.2 T. The reason for the deviation is that the actual ore has a fine distribution particle size, many associative bodies, complex composition, and serious agglomeration, resulting in variable particle volume susceptibility. The capture yield increases with the increase of magnetic field intensity and volume susceptibility but decreases with the increase of pulse. The lower the surface potential of manganese carbonate, the higher the recovery of manganese carbonate. The grade of manganese concentrate was 19.06% and the recovery was 76.85%. Mixed manganese concentrate with a grade of 18.04% and recovery of 87.14% was obtained by adding drugs and changing the grinding method.
Extensive Knowledge Distillation Model: An End-to-End Effective Anomaly Detection Model for Real-Time Industrial Applications

Detecting anomalies is an essential task in many industries. Current state-of-the-art methods rely on a large number of parameters for high accuracy, which may not be suitable for implementing cost-effective real-time applications. Additionally, developing robust detection models is difficult due to limited anomaly samples. To address these issues, we propose an end-to-end anomaly detection method that utilizes effective data generation and comprehensive knowledge distillation. In particular, the proposed approach first employs a highly effective generative model to generate realistic anomaly images. It then transfers the pre-trained master network’s essential intermediate layers and final layer knowledge to a novice network by using the knowledge distillation technique. In the conducted experiments with 4 real-life datasets, the proposed model outperforms its counterparts, including state-of-the-art models, by 0.6% on MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets, 0.2% on the custom dataset, and stays competitive on the MVTec AD dataset. Additionally, the proposed model outperforms all of its peers in trainable parameter numbers by having only 0.17 M parameters. This is at least twice as few parameters as the baseline model. Overall, the proposed approach offers an efficient solution to anomaly detection that achieves high accuracy despite limited anomaly samples and fewer parameters.
Methods for DDoS attacks classification

At present, many people and companies are attacked by DDoS every day. DDoS attacks will make many large websites inoperable, which will not only affect people's normal use but also cause substantial economic losses. So far, many researchers have found different methods to prevent DDoS attacks, but there is no unified research on the classification of different types of DDoS attacks. If people are familiar with all common types of DDoS attacks and can successfully classify various DDoS attacks, they can take corresponding and effective precautionary measures to reduce risks and offer more protection for their own security. Therefore, the research topic is set to use four different algorithms to identify various DDoS attacks. The research methods of this paper are as follows: First, the CICDDOS2019 dataset is selected as the most basic research foundation. Second, the database is analyzed with K - nearest neighbors, Decision tree, Logistics Regression, and Nave Bayes, then each method's accuracy and precision value are calculated. According to the results, the times that the highest accuracy and precision values of logistic expression are the most, and the times that the lowest accuracy and precision values of the decision tree are the most. Therefore, relative to K nearest neighbors, Decision tree, and Nave Bayes, the most effective way for people and companies is to classify the DDoS attacks by using Logistic Regression.
Ultrafast laser micromachining of angled surfaces in fused silica

Angled surfaces are significant for obtaining complex 3D glass structures to be employed in precise optical components such as light guides. However, it is challenging to fabricate angled structures in glass with high precision. In this study, femtosecond laser irradiation followed by a chemical etching process is used to create a 45-degree angled surface. The roughness values of the angled top and bottom surfaces are compared and the parameters are optimized to achieve maximum surface quality. A 45-degree angled surface with <300 nm roughness and <±0.5° deviation is obtained in a given area of 1 × 1.5 mm2. Using this approach, various complex structures have been successfully fabricated with high quality and precision. Results indicate that this method can be adapted to the high-precision glass manufacturing industry.
Space-Dependent Wielandt Shifts for Multigroup Diffusion Eigenvalue Problems

Abstract We present a new concept—the space-dependent Wielandt shift (SDWS)—for accelerating the convergence of the power iteration (PI) scheme for multigroup diffusion k-eigenvalue problems. The SDWS improves on standard Wielandt shift (WS) techniques, which are empirical in nature and are typically effective only when the current estimate of the solution is reasonably converged. By accounting for the physics of the problem through SDWS, we are able to improve the acceleration for the initial iterates when the current estimate of the solution is not close to convergence. Numerical results from one-dimensional problems suggest that, compared to standard WS techniques, the new SDWS techniques can provide upward of a 46% reduction in the number of PIs required for convergence and a 40% reduction in the computational time required. This improvement is sensitive to several problem-dependent factors, such as the geometry and energy-dependence of the problem, the spatial discretization, and the initial guess. The reduction in computational time is also dependent on the linear solver in the PI scheme, as it is well known that WSs can significantly worsen the conditioning of the diffusion linear system. In this paper, we provide a detailed study of the impact of WSs on the performance of several iterative linear solvers. Results from our implementation of SDWS in the three-dimensional (3D) code MPACT show that SDWS can provide similar speedups for 3D multigroup diffusion eigenvalue problems. These results also show that moderate speedups can be obtained by applying SDWS to the coarse mesh finite difference (CMFD) solver in a CMFD-accelerated transport scheme. However, the benefit of doing this may be limited because all but the first few CMFD solves are relatively easy to converge, regardless of the WS used.
Aggregating Credences into Beliefs: Agenda Conditions for Impossibility Results

Binarizing belief aggregation addresses how to rationally aggregate individual probabilistic beliefs into collective binary beliefs. Similar to the development of judgment aggregation theory, formulating axiomatic requirements, proving impossibility theorems, and identifying exact agenda conditions of impossibility theorems are natural and important research topics in binarizing belief aggregation. Building on our previous research on impossibility theorems, we use an agenda-theoretic approach to generalize the results and to determine the necessary and sufficient level of logical interconnection between the issues in an agenda for the impossibility theorems to arise. We demonstrate that (1) path-connectedness and even-negatability constitute the exact agenda condition for the oligarchy result stating that binarizing belief aggregation satisfying proposition-wise independence and deductive closure of collective beliefs yields the oligarchies under minor conditions; (2) negation-connectedness is the condition for the triviality result obtained by adding anonymity to the oligarchy result; and (3) blockedness is the condition for the impossibility result, which follows by adding completeness and consistency of collective beliefs. Moreover, we compare these novel findings with existing agenda-theoretic characterization theorems in judgment aggregation and belief binarization.
A review article: CAD-CAM in removable dental prosthesis

--- Removable dentures are a treatment option for replacing missing teeth. Use of digital technologies in manufacturing of removable dental prosthesis is a recent innovation with computer-aided (CAD-CAM) design and computer-aided manufacturing. Additive or subtractive methods can be used for the fabrication of removable dentures. This is a review that includes articles from the last 5 years on the use of CAD-CAM for manufacture of removable prostheses. The most frequent failures of the conventional system in the manufacture of removable dental prosthesis should avoid with digital workflow in clinical procedures, fabrication methods and materials used. One of troubles with intraoral scans for removable dentures have been a lack of accuracy and difficulties in capturing soft tissues because. Manufacturing of removable dental prostheses with CAD-CAM has proven properties clinically acceptable, with milled, 3D printer or laser ‐ sintered methods. CAD-CAM-milled and rapid-prototyped of removable denture are similar in terms of biocompatibility and surface roughness. This technology allows exploring the use of new materials such as PEEK for the manufacture of frameworks for removable prostheses, when the use of metallic materials is not possible. In conclusion, digital scanning, three-dimensional printing or milled method is more efficient and more comfortable, allowing advantages in terms of time and cost of prosthesis with predictable results. New studies are needed to show the benefits of CAD-CAM technology in removable dental prosthesis.
Segregation in dissolving binary-component sessile droplets

The dissolution of a single droplet, containing a mixture of oils, in water is experimentally studied. The oils in the droplet varied in terms of their solubility in water and their hydrophobicity. We demonstrate that the polarity of the droplet constituents strongly influences the dissolution dynamics. A binary-component droplet, containing two polar components (one soluble the other insoluble) exhibits a retarded dissolution as compared to a droplet containing only the soluble component. We argue that in this case the mixture in the droplet can be assumed homogeneous, leading to a smaller effective contact area of the soluble liquid in the droplet with the bulk water, and thus delayed dissolution. On the other hand, it is shown that this is not the case when a polar, soluble component is mixed with an insoluble non-polar component, in which case segregation between the different liquids inside the droplet occurs, leading to Marangoni flows and superspreading of the droplet. The segregation is confirmed by volumetric measurements and by the use of a solvatochromic dye in combination with confocal microscopy, which clearly showed that during dissolution local concentration differences inside the droplet developed.
Equity and teachers’ online classroom assessment literacy in China: insights from parental involvement during the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT School teachers often involve parents to assist in online assessment, but parental involvement can violate equity principles when not carefully monitored. In this article, we analyse types of parental involvement in online classroom assessment resulting from teachers’ requests, and discuss how such requests may impact on educational equity. Our data sets are interviews with 45 teachers and 33 parents, supplemented by recorded online teaching videos and students’ written and oral works. The findings reveal that providing equal opportunities for students’ learning is not yet at the forefront of teachers’ minds when they make decisions regarding parental involvement. On that basis, we discuss the necessity and difficulties of incorporating the principle of equity into teachers’ online classroom assessment literacy in contemporary China.
More isn’t always better: exploring the curvilinear effects of telework

Abstract While telework has become a popular occupational mode, research has found both positive and negative effects on employee outcomes. To reconcile these inconsistent findings, we apply the job demands–resources model and investigate the possible curvilinear effect of telework on innovative and counterproductive work behavior. Analysis of two-wave survey data from South Korean public officials indicates that the relationship between the extent of telework and employee work attitudes is not always positive or negative. We find that telework can be a job resource promoting positive work attitudes, but this beneficial impact decreases and can eventually become negative as employees telework more extensively. Additionally, leader–member exchange relationships play an important moderating role. A high-quality employee–supervisor relationship can enhance the benefits of extensive teleworking, but a low-quality relationship can make the downsides of telework even worse.
Attitude estimation: with or without spacecraft dynamics?

Kalman filter based spacecraft attitude estimation has been used in many space missions and has been widely discussed in literature. While some models in spacecraft attitude estimation include spacecraft dynamics, most do not. To our best knowledge, there is no analysis to determine which model is a better choice. In this paper, we discuss the reasons why spacecraft dynamics should be considered in the Kalman filter based spacecraft attitude estimation problem. We also propose a reduced quaternion spacecraft dynamics model which admits additive noise. Geometry of the reduced quaternion model and the additive noise are discussed. This formulation makes computation easier than the one with full quaternion. Simulations are conducted to justify our claims
A Low-profile Wideband PIFA with Co-design of Ground Plane for WLAN Applications

In this paper, a novel low-profile wideband planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) with co-design of the ground plane for WLAN applications and IoV applications is proposed. This antenna consists of three parts: a slotted radiating patch, a vertical shorting plate and a ground plane with a cross-shaped slot. The influence and the parameter of the slot are discussed. The antenna is fed by a 50 Ω coaxial line and a shorting pin is also used in this design. The overall size of the antenna is 30×44×3.5 mm3. The whole structure is simulated in ANSYS Electronics Desktop 2018.0 and several prototypes are made to verify the simulation results. The bandwidth of the antenna can reach 3.96 GHz (−10 dB) and cover the frequency range of 5.64−9.6 GHz. The max gain of the antenna is 5.4 dBi.
Zero-Bias Operation of CVD Graphene Photodetector with Asymmetric Metal Contacts

The responsivity of a graphene photodetector was substantially enhanced by modulating the potential gradient in a chemical vapor deposition-grown graphene channel using asymmetric metal contacts such as Ti, Pd, and Au for the source and drain. The photoresponsivity of a graphene photodetector with an asymmetric Au–Ti contact combination increased to 52 mA/W at an illumination power density of 0.25 μW/cm2; this photoresponsivity is ∼63 times higher than that of a graphene photodetector having a symmetric Au–Au contact combination (0.82 mA/W).