Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Membrane receptor signaling and control of DNA repair after exposure to ionizing radiation Membranrezeptorsignale und Kontrolle der DNA-Reparatur nach ionisierender Strahlung

Summary Accumulated evidence indicates that activation of erbB family of receptors, when mutated or over-expressed, mediates chemoand radiotherapy resistance. In this context signaling pathways down-stream of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), when abnormally activated, invoke cell survival mechanisms, which leads to resistance against radiation. In several reports it has been demonstrated that molecular targeting of EGFR signaling enhances the cytotoxic effects of radiotherapy. The radiosensitizing effects of EGFR antagonists correlate with a suppression of the ability of tumor cells to repair radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks (DNA-DSBs) through non-homologous endjoining repair pathway (NHEJ). The purpose of this review is to highlight the function of EGFR and erbB2 receptors on signaling pathways, i. e. PI3K/Akt activated by ionizing radiation (IR) and involved in repair of DNA-DSB which can explain the radiosensitizing effects of related antagonists. Advances in understanding the mechanism of erbB-signaling in regulating DNA-DSB repair will promote translational approaches to test new strategies for clinically applicable molecular targeting. Zusammenfassung Zahlreiche präklinische und klinische Ergebnisse belegen, dass die Aktivität von erbBRezeptoren, die in Zellen solider Tumore einerseits durch Mutation oder durch Genamplifikation und somit Überexpression der Rezeptoren gegeben sein kann, sowohl für Chemoals Radiotherapie-Resistenz verantwortlich ist. In diesem Zusammenhang induzieren Signalkaskaden, die z. B. durch den epidermalen Wachstumsfaktor-Rezeptor EGFR (erbB1) im Falle seiner abnormalen Aktivität stimuliert werden, spezifische Zellüberlebensmechanismen, durch die eine Resistenz gegen ionisierende Strahlung verursacht wird. Verschiedene In-vitro- und In-vivo-Studien belegen, dass durch so genannte molekulare Targeting-Strategien, die gegen den EGFR gerichtet sind, die Radiotoxizität der Strahlentherapie verstärkt werden kann. Hierbei korreliert der radiosensitivierende Effekt von EGFR-Antagonisten primär mit einer Unterdrückung der Kapazität von Tumorzellen für die Reparatur strahleninduzierter DNA-Doppelstrangbrüche, die über den nicht homologen End-Joining-Reparaturmechanismus ablaufen. In dieser Übersicht wird die Rolle und Bedeutung des EGFR und erbB2-Rezeptors in der Transduktion strahleninduzierte Signale über die PI3K-Akt-Kaskade und die Beeinflussung der DNA-Doppelstrangbruchreparatur durch diesen Signalweg besprochen und die radiosensitivierenden Effekte entsprechender Antagonisten diskutiert. Das zunehmende Verständnis des mechanistischen Prinzips, wie erbB-Rezeptor-Signalwege in die Regulation der DNADoppelstrangbruchreparatur eingreifen, wird translationelle Ansätze zur Überprüfung neuer Strategien für die klinische Anwendung des molekularen Targeting stimulieren.
Stress, sex, and plague: Patterns of developmental stress and survival in pre‐ and post‐Black Death London

Previous research revealed declines in survivorship in London before the Black Death (c. 1346–1353), and improvements in survivorship following the epidemic. These trends indicate that there were declines in general levels of health before the Black Death and improvements thereof afterwards. This study expands on previous research by examining whether changes in survivorship were consistent between the sexes, and how patterns of developmental stress markers changed before and after the Black Death.
Stability of triple helices containing RNA and DNA strands: experimental and molecular modeling studies.

UV-absorption spectrophotometry and molecular modeling have been used to study the influence of the chemical nature of sugars (ribose or deoxyribose) on triple helix stability. For the Pyrimidine.purine* Pyrimidine motif, all eight combinations were tested with each of the three strands composed of either DNA or RNA. The chemical nature of sugars has a dramatic influence on triple helix stability. For each double helix composition, a more stable triple helix was formed when the third strand was RNA rather than DNA. No stable triple helix was detected when the polypurine sequence was made of RNA with a third strand made of DNA. Energy minimization studies using the JUMNA program suggested that interactions between the 2'-hydroxyl group of the third strand and the phosphates of the polypurine strand play an important role in determining the relative stabilities of triple-helical structures in which the polypyrimidine third strand is oriented parallel to the polypurine sequence. These interactions are not allowed when the third strand adopts an antiparallel orientation with respect to the target polypurine sequence, as observed when the third strand contains G and A or G and T/U. We show by footprinting and gel retardation experiments that an oligoribonucleotide containing G and A or G and U fails to bind double helical DNA, while the corresponding DNA oligomers form stable triple-helical complexes.
Effect of sequential coronary artery bypass venous grafting on right ventricular functions assessed by tissue Doppler echocardiography

Background Coronary artery bypass graft surgery is a well-known and proven method of treatment for coronary artery disease. A modification of this method is complete revascularisation of the right ventricle by sequential bypass grafting of the right coronary artery, the effects of which on ventricular function need to be clarified. We sought to determine the effect of the sequential bypass graft method on right ventricular (RV) function utilising tissue Doppler echocardiography. Methods A total of 35 coronary artery disease patients (group A: 20 sequential grafts; group B: 15 individual grafts) were enrolled. Patients were examined pre-operatively with tissue Doppler echocardiography for RV function, and again postoperatively after the first month. Results Pre-operatively, there were no significant differences with regard to demographics or basal echocardiographic findings. On the other hand, postoperative right ventricular diastolic function was found to have improved significantly as the right ventricular E wave and E/A increased (9.5 ± 1.6 vs 7.6 ± 2.7 cm/s, p = 0.009 and 1.4 ± 0.2 vs 0.9 ± 0.2, p ≤ 0.01, respectively), while the A wave and isovolumic relaxation times (6.8 ± 2.1 vs 8.3 ± 3.4 cm/s, p < 0.03 and 55.2 ± 11.9 vs 87.2 ± 16.2 ms, p < 0.001, respectively) decreased. Although the S-wave peak amplitude decreased in group A patients, it did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions Sequential, but not single, complete revascularisation of the right coronary artery appeared to improve the diastolic function of the right ventricle.
The impact of a smoke-free psychiatric hospitalization on patient smoking outcomes: a systematic review

Objective: Smoke-free policies have been introduced in inpatient psychiatric facilities in most developed nations. Such a period of supported abstinence during hospitalization may impact smoking behaviours post discharge, yet little quantitative evidence exists. The aim of this review was to provide the first synthesis of the research evidence examining the impact of a smoke-free psychiatric hospitalization on patients’ smoking-related behaviours, motivation, and beliefs. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and EMBASE from inception to June 2013. Studies were included if they were conducted in an inpatient psychiatric facility with a smoke-free policy and if they examined any change in patients’ smoking-related behaviours, motivation, or beliefs either during admission, post discharge, or both. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. Results: Fourteen studies were included in the review. Of the four studies that assessed change in smoking from admission to post discharge, two indicated a significant decline in cigarette consumption up to 3 months post discharge. Positive changes in motivation to quit and beliefs about quitting ability were identified in two studies. One study reported an increase in the rate of quit attempts and one reported a decline in nicotine dependence levels. Conclusions: A smoke-free psychiatric hospitalization may have a positive impact on patients’ smoking-related behaviours, motivation, and beliefs, both during admission and up to 3 months post discharge. Further controlled studies with more rigorous designs are required to confirm this potential.
Implications of Spinopelvic Alignment for the Spine Surgeon.

The relation of the pelvis to the spine has previously been overlooked as a contributor to sagittal balance. However, it is now recognized that spinopelvic alignment is important to maintain an energy-efficient posture in normal and disease states. The pelvis is characterized by an important anatomic landmark, the pelvic incidence (PI). The PI does not change after adolescence, and it directly influences pelvic alignment, including the parameters of pelvic tilt (PT) and sacral slope (SS) (PI = PT 1 SS), overall sagittal spinal balance, and lumbar lordosis. In the setting of an elevated PI, the spineadapts with increased lumbar lordosis. To prevent or limit sagittal imbalance, the spine may also compensate with increased PT or pelvic retroversion to attempt to maintain anupright posture. Abnormal spinopelvic parameters contribute to multiple spinal conditions including isthmic spondylolysis, degenerative spondylolisthesis, deformity, and impact outcome after spinal fusion. Sagittal balance, pelvic incidence, and all spinopelvic parameters are easily and reliably measured on standing, full-spine (lateral) radiographs, and it is essential to accurately assess and measure these sagittal values to understand their potential role in the disease process, and to promote spinopelvic balance at surgery. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the implications of abnormal spinopelvic parameters and discuss surgical strategies for correction of sagittal balance. Additionally, the authors rate and critique the quality of the literature cited in a systematic review approach to give the reader an estimate of the veracity of the conclusions reached from these reports.
Nuclease mechanism of the avian retrovirus pp32 endonuclease

In vivo, the inferred circular retrovirus DNA precursor to the provirus contains two long terminal repeats (LTRs) in tandem. We studied the site-specific nicking of supercoiled DNA that contains tandem copies of avian retrovirus LTR DNA in vitro by using purified avian myeloblastosis virus pp32 endonuclease, Mg2+, and viral DNA substrates containing different LTR circle junction sequences. The results confirmed our previous observation that the pp32 protein generates two nicks, one in either viral DNA strand, each 2 nucleotides from the circle junction site. The specificity of nicking by pp32 was unchanged over an eight-fold range of protein concentration and with different avian retrovirus LTR circle junction substrates. These data are consistent with models which propose a role for the endonuclease in removal of two nucleotides from the LTR termini on integration of viral DNA in vivo.
Latino U.S. State Legislators in the 1990s

The creation of racial/ethnic majority-minority districts lies at the heart of debates regarding the utility of descriptive representation for minority policy advocacy. The general puzzle that emerges from these debates, however, rests on the possibility that by electing representatives who are policy outsiders, minority interests would exert little influence in the policy decisions of median-dominated institutions. The authors present a model that shows how majority-minority districts can act to (1) increase the likelihood of electing minority representatives who are unique policy advocates and (2) concurrently increase the level of institutional status of descriptive representatives. The empirical analysis employs a novel data set of observations on political, sociodemographic, roll-call and institutional position, covering twenty U.S. states in the late 1990s and over 2,600 state legislative seats to show how majority-minority districts produce policy outsiders as well as institutional insiders.
Evaluation of a PCR Melting Profile Technique for Bacterial Strain Differentiation

ABSTRACT In search of an effective DNA typing technique for hospital epidemiology use, the performance and convenience of a PCR melting profile (PCR MP) technique based on using low denaturation temperatures during ligation-mediated PCR (LM PCR) of bacterial DNA was tested. A number of Escherichia coli isolates from patients of the Clinical Hospital in Gdańsk, Poland, were examined. We found that the PCR MP technique is a rapid method that offers good discriminatory power and excellent reproducibility and may be applied for epidemiological studies. The usefulness of the PCR MP for molecular typing was compared with the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis method, which is currently considered the gold standard for epidemiological studies of isolates recovered from patients and the environment. Clustering of PCR MP fingerprinting data matched pulsed-field gel electrophoresis data. The features of the PCR MP technique are discussed in comparison with conventional methods. Data presented here demonstrate the complexity of the epidemiological situation concerning E. coli that may occur in a hospital.
Cross-border Merger and Acquisitions, Government Regulations and Market Competition

Cross-border (M&As) have long been a popular strategy for transnational companies (TNCs) and will inevitably influence competitive behaviors and patterns of the host countries' markets. This paper demonstrates the mechanism and results of these effects by constructing a Nash-Cournot model, with government as a participator in cross-border (M&As). In the model, the factors of government regulation are discussed in the market competition framework on the basis of cross-border (M&As). The basic conclusions this paper drew are: the total output will reduce because of government regulations; enterprises - foreign enterprise (TNCs) and domestically-funded enterprise (host country's enterprise) will decrease their outputs, but the decrease of the former one will not exceed the latter; foreign investing enterprise can maintain, even increase its output when it involves in the Cournot competition with the domestic investing enterprise for the factor of corporate governance optimization; and different modes of government regulations will lead to different market structures.
Data acquisition from greenhouses by using autonomous mobile robot

In this study, it is aimed to monitor and control the plant production in greenhouses, and increase the efficiency of greenhouses by doing interdisciplinary research in the fields of agriculture, electronics, robotics, and data mining. In the small and outnumbered greenhouses used by farmers, to collect data using static sensor systems is both costly and impractical. In this study, an autonomous mobile robot has been developed and used to collect information from the greenhouse and mapping the greenhouse. By using the autonomous mobile robot, that is designed and produced for the project needs, sensory data such as, RGB-D map of the greenhouse, moisture, temperature, and light, were obtained. As well as the mobile robot could autonomously navigate in the greenhouse, it can be manually controlled by an operator. On the robot, robot operating system (ROS) is used. By using RGB-D mapping and SLAM packages in the ROS, robot can find its position in the greenhouse can measure the temperature, the moisture, and the light density of this location, and generates a three dimensional map of the greenhouse. In this study, data about how it changed the greenhouse environment and the plants grown in the greenhouse was obtained with measurements made at regular intervals of time. The next step of this study is process the data gathered by the robot in real time to get information such as the number of the crops, the phonological phase of the crops or condition of the greenhouse.
‘Compassionate use’ protocol for auditory brainstem implantation in neurofibromatosis type 2: Early House Ear Institute experience

Objective: To report the preliminary outcomes of auditory brainstem implantation (ABI) under a compassionate use protocol for two ABI devices that are not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) patients who underwent microsurgery for vestibular schwannoma (VS) and placement of either the Cochlear ABI541 or Med-El Synchrony ABIs. Peri-operative and device- related complications were reviewed. Audiometric performance was also evaluated. Results: Seven patients received either the Cochlear ABI541 (6) or the Med-El Synchrony ABI (1) after the resection of VS. No device or patient-related complications occurred to date. Surgical times and early audiological performance are similar to our previous experience with the Cochlear ABI24 device. Conclusions: Early experience with the Cochlear ABI541 and Med-El Synchrony ABI devices under a compassionate use protocol suggest that both devices are safe with comparable utility to the Cochlear ABI24 device.
Targeting Pain-evoking Transient Receptor Potential Channels for the Treatment of Pain

Chronic pain affects billions of lives globally and is a major public health problem in the United States. However, pain management is still a challenging task due to a lack of understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of pain. In the past decades transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have been identified as molecular sensors of tissue damage and inflammation. Activation/sensitization of TRP channels in peripheral nociceptors produces neurogenic inflammation and contributes to both somatic and visceral pain. Pharmacological and genetic studies have affirmed the role of TRP channels in multiple forms of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Thus pain-evoking TRP channels emerge as promising therapeutic targets for a wide variety of pain and inflammatory conditions
Trace element metabolism in parenteral and enteral nutrition.

With more patients receiving artificial nutrition, i.e., TPN and EN, deficiencies of essential trace elements have appeared. Because symptomatic deficiencies might be only a small part of the abnormalities, we should recognize a much wider background of abnormal metabolism and physiology of such elements and examine their possible participation in most diseases. Measurements of biochemical indices of trace elements in these patients frequently reveal decreased levels. To prevent marginal deficiencies and maintain good balance in the body, routine administration of trace elements is therefore essential. Discussions focus on daily requirements, including the recommended doses of each trace element in PN and EN formulas. The range of different recommended doses in different countries, and the content and completeness of trace element mixtures available in these countries is a matter of concern. A consensus based on better data from patients with different clinical states is urgently required.
The Interledger Protocol

This document specifies the Interledger Protocol (ILP). It draws heavily from the definition of the Internet Protocol (IP) defined in [RFC0791]. The interledger protocol is the culmination of more than a decade of research in decentralized payment protocols. This work was started in 2004 by Ryan Fugger, augmented by the development of Bitcoin in 2008 and has involved numerous contributors since then. Feedback This specification is a part of the Interledger Project [1] work. Feedback related to this specification should be sent to public- interledger@w3.org [2].
Evaluation de l'évolution de l'autonomie par ADL des résidents d'établissements d'hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes au décours d'un transfert aux urgences et description des conditions de retour

Contexte : il existe un important flux de residents entre les EHPAD et les urgences. Il est admis qu'une partie de ces transferts vers les urgences sont potentiellement evitables (HAE) voire inappropries (HI). Nous nous sommes interesses a l'impact de ces transferts sur le niveau d'autonomie fonctionnelle des residents, depuis la decision du transfert aux urgences jusqu'au retour a l'EHPAD. Les conditions de retour a l'EHPAD ont ete decrites afin d'evaluer la qualite des transmissions, la place du medecin traitant et son avis sur ces transferts aux urgences. Materiel et Methode : il s'agit d'une etude pilote descriptive et retrospective dont le recueil de donnees a ete realise le jour de l'admission aux urgences d'un resident d'EHPAD, jusqu'a 7 jours apres son retour a l'EHPAD. Un comite d'experts a determine les criteres HI, HA (hospitalisations appropriees) ou HAE. Les differentes variables ont ete comparees par le test Chi2 (X2). Le test " t-student " a ete utilise pour comparer les HI, HA et HAE. Tous les resultats du score ADL ont ete exprimes en moyennes et ecarts types. Population : 54 residents ont ete inclus. Resultats : il s'agit d'une population fortement dependante (ADL: 2,2±1,9) et presentant de nombreux facteurs de risque de declin fonctionnel. Suite a ces transferts il existe une perte d'autonomie (p 0,054) qui devient significative lorsque le resident est hospitalise (p 0,006). Les HI representent 42,6% des transferts et les HAE 48,1%. Le niveau eleve de dependance semble etre un facteur de risque de transferts inappropries aux urgences (p 0,0778). Les conditions de retour du resident ne sont pas ideales. Dans la moitie des cas, les medecins traitants auraient prefere une alternative au passage aux urgences. Conclusion: les transferts aux urgences exposent les residents d'EHPAD a un risque de declin fonctionnel alors qu'ils ne seraient medicalement appropries que dans 10% des cas. Mieux comprendre les motivations de ces transferts permettrait de proposer des solutions alternatives. Le risque de declin fonctionnel devrait etre systematiquement integre dans la prise en charge des residents hospitalises, ainsi la dependance iatrogene evitable pourrait etre reduite. L'amelioration du lien entre l'hopital et l'EHPAD permettrait peut etre de limiter ce risque. Le medecin generaliste a un role central a jouer sur le maintien ou la recuperation de l'autonomie des residents, grâce a la mise en place de mesures appropriees a leur retour a l'EHPAD.
Word Semantic Similarity Calculation Based on Domain Knowledge and HowNet

Word semantic similarity is the foundation of semantic processing, and is a key issue in many applications. This paper argues that word semantic similarity should associate with domain knowledge, which traditional methods did not take into account. In order to adopt domain knowledge into semantic similarity measurement, this paper proposed a sensitive words sets approach. For this purpose, we also propose a new approach for sememe similarity calculation. This method distinguishes three different positional relationships between two sememes, and the results have shown that our method overperformed than other methods based on a Chinese knowledge base ‘HowNet’. DOI : http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i2. 4416