Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-step rhodopsin inactivation schemes can account for the size variability of single photon responses in Limulus ventral photoreceptors

Limulus ventral photoreceptors generate highly variable responses to the absorption of single photons. We have obtained data on the size distribution of these responses, derived the distribution predicted from simple transduction cascade models and compared the theory and data. In the simplest of models, the active state of the visual pigment (defined by its ability to activate G protein) is turned off in a single reaction. The output of such a cascade is predicted to be highly variable, largely because of stochastic variation in the number of G proteins activated. The exact distribution predicted is exponential, but we find that an exponential does not adequately account for the data. The data agree much better with the predictions of a cascade model in which the active state of the visual pigment is turned off by a multi-step process.
The Luminosity Function of the Coma Cluster Core for -25

We determine the luminosity function (LF) of galaxies in the core of the Coma cluster for M_R<=-11.4 (assuming H_0=75 km/s/Mpc), a magnitude regime previously explored only in the Local Group. Objects are counted in a deep CCD image of Coma having RMS noise of 27.7 R mag~arcsec$^{-2}$. A correction for objects in the foreground or background of the Coma cluster---and the uncertainty in this correction---are determined from images of five other high-latitude fields, carefully matched to the Coma image in both resolution and noise level. Accurate counts of Coma cluster members are obtained as faint as R=25.5, or M_R=-9.4. The LF for galaxies is well fit by a power law dN/dL\propto L^\alpha, with \alpha=-1.42\pm0.05, over the range -19.4<M_R<-11.4; faintward of this range, the galaxies are unresolved and indistinguishable from globular clusters, but the data are consistent with an extrapolation of the power law. Surface brightness biases are minimized since galaxies are not subjected to morphological selection, and the limiting detection isophote is 27.6 R mag~arcsec$^{-2}$. We find the typical $M_R\approx-12$ Coma cluster galaxy to have an exponential scale length $\approx200$~pc, similar to Local Group galaxies of comparable magnitude. These extreme dwarf galaxies show a surface density increasing towards the giant elliptical NGC~4874 as $r^{-1.3}$, similar to the diffuse light and globular cluster distributions. The luminosity in the detected dwarf galaxies is at most a few percent of the total diffuse light of the giant galaxies in the cluster, and the contribution of the dwarfs to the mass of the cluster is likely negligible as well.
A Novel Feature Extraction Techniques for Multimodal Score Fusion Using Density Based Gaussian Mixture Model Approach

—An Unimodal biometric systems, which relies only on a single trait of a person for identification is often not able to meet the desired performance. Combining multiple biometrics may enhance the performance of personal authentication system in accuracy and reliability which is adopted in multimodal biometrics. This paper describes the feature extraction techniques for three modalities viz. fingerprint, iris and face. The extracted information is stored as a template which can be fused using density based score level fusion (using GMM followed by likelihood ratio test).
All-cause and cardiovascular mortality in relation to changing heart rate during treatment of hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy.

BACKGROUND Although higher heart rate (HR) at baseline has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) and all-cause mortality, the relationship of in-treatment HR over time to mortality in hypertensive patients with ECG left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has not been examined. METHODS AND RESULTS Heart rate was evaluated over time in 9190 hypertensive patients treated with losartan- or atenolol-based regimens and followed with annual ECGs. During a mean follow-up of 4.8 ± 0.9 years, 814 patients (8.9%) died, 438 (4.8%) from CV causes. In univariate Cox analyses, every 10 bpm higher HR on in-treatment ECGs was associated with a 25% increased risk of CV death [95% confidence interval (CI): 14-32%] and a 27% greater risk of all-cause mortality (95% CI: 21-34%). In an alternative analysis, persistence or development of a HR ≥ 84 bpm (upper quintile of baseline HR) was associated with an 89% greater risk of CV death (95% CI: 49-141%) and a 97% increased risk of all-cause mortality (95% CI: 65-135%). After adjusting for treatment with losartan vs. atenolol, baseline risk factors for death, baseline HR, baseline and in-treatment systolic and diastolic pressure, incident myocardial infarction, and the known predictive value of baseline and in-treatment QRS duration and ECG LVH, higher in-treatment HR in time-varying multivariable Cox models remained strongly predictive of mortality: every 10 bpm higher HR was associated with a 16% increased adjusted risk of CV mortality (95% CI: 6-27%) and a 25% greater risk of all-cause mortality (95% CI: 17-33%), with persistence or development of a HR ≥ 84 associated with a 55% greater risk of CV death (95% CI: 16-105%) and a 79% greater adjusted risk of all-cause mortality (95% CI: 46-121%). CONCLUSION Higher in-treatment HR on serial ECGs predicts greater likelihood of subsequent CV or all-cause mortality, independent of treatment modality, blood pressure lowering, regression of ECG LVH and changing QRS duration in hypertensive patients with ECG LVH. These findings support the value of serial assessment of HR for improved risk stratification in hypertensive patients. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00338260? order=1cp.
Arabidopsis FHY3 and HY5 Positively Mediate Induction of COP1 Transcription in Response to Photomorphogenic UV-B Light[C][W][OA]

In UV-B–induced photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis, COP1 is a UV-B–inducible gene and FHY3 and HY5 directly activate COP1, dependent on UV-B, by binding to the COP1 promoter to ensure photomorphogenic UV-B signaling. The working mode of FHY3 and HY5 in UV-B–specific signaling is distinct from that in far-red light and circadian conditions. As sessile organisms, higher plants have evolved the capacity to sense and interpret diverse light signals to modulate their development. In Arabidopsis thaliana, low-intensity and long-wavelength UV-B light is perceived as an informational signal to mediate UV-B–induced photomorphogenesis. Here, we report that the multifunctional E3 ubiquitin ligase, CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS1 (COP1), a known key player in UV-B photomorphogenic responses, is also a UV-B–inducible gene. Two transcription factors, FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3 (FHY3) and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), directly bind to distinct regulatory elements within the COP1 promoter, which are essential for the induction of the COP1 gene mediated by photomorphogenic UV-B signaling. Absence of FHY3 results in impaired UV-B–induced hypocotyl growth and reduced tolerance against damaging UV-B. Thus, FHY3 positively regulates UV-B–induced photomorphogenesis by directly activating COP1 transcription, while HY5 promotes COP1 expression via a positive feedback loop. Furthermore, FHY3 and HY5 physically interact with each other, and this interaction is diminished by UV-B. Together, our findings reveal that COP1 gene expression in response to photomorphogenic UV-B is controlled by a combinatorial regulation of FHY3 and HY5, and this UV-B–specific working mode of FHY3 and HY5 is distinct from that in far-red light and circadian conditions.
Agent-based spatial models applied to agriculture: A simulation tool

This paper presents a spatial multi-agent programming model, which has been developed for assessing policy options in the diffusion of innovations and resource use changes. Unlike conventional simulation tools used in agricultural economics, the model class described here applies a multi-agent/cellular automata (CA) approach by using heterogeneous farm-household models and capturing their social and spatial interactions explicitly. The individual choice of the farm-household among available production, consumption, investment and marketing alternatives is represented in recursive linear programming models. Adoption constraints are introduced in form of network-threshold values that reflect the cumulative effects of experience and observation of peers' experiences. The model's economic and hydrologic components are tightly connected into a spatial framework. The integration of economic and hydrologic processes facilitates the consideration of feedback effects in the use of water for inigation. The simulation runs of the model are carried out with an empirical data set, which has been derived from various data sources on an agricultural region in Chile. Simulation results show that agent-based spatial modelling constitutes a powerful approach to better understanding processes of innovation and resource use change. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Shedding the Epilepsy Comorbidity in Alzheimer's Disease

Commentary Epilepsy is a comorbidity in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by βand γ-secretases produces amyloid β peptides, which are the main component of amyloid plaques. Alternatively, APP may be cleaved by an α-secretase to form the soluble fragment sAPPα, which promotes neuronal survival. Shifting the proteolysis of APP from the amyloidogenic pathway to α-secretase generation is a potential therapeutic strategy for AD and associated epilepsy. Molecules that remove extracellular domains from transmembrane proteins are collectively known as “sheddases,” and the largest family is the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) family. Based on expression patterns and transgenic mouse studies, ADAM10 protein (also known as CD156c) has been proposed to be the main α-secretase in the generation of sAPPα. In overexpression studies, ADAM10 is neuroprotective in mice that overexpress APP in the kainate seizure model (1) and reduces β-amyloid deposition and cognitive dysfunction. However, total loss of the Adam10 gene in the mouse is embryonic lethal (2), and conditional deletions targeted to forebrain neuroprogenitors severely disrupted brain development, terminating in late embryonic mortality and intracranial hemorrhages (3). Thus, the role of ADAM10 as the α-secretase in the processing of APP in adult animal models could not be ascertained. The postnatal function of ADAM10 is revealed by using a neuronal specific Cre-loxP strategy with the Adam10 floxed mouse bred with the CamKIIα-Cre driver mouse strain (4). The expression of CamKIIα commences at postnatal day 5 (P5), circumventing the embryonic and perinatal lethality of the previous mouse models. Based on CamKIIα expression patterns, ADAM10 was expected to be eliminated from the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, and amygdala, and to a lesser extent in the striatum, thalamus, and hypothalamus. Many of the Adam10/CamKIIα conditional mutant mice died around P18–P27, during the time of synaptogenesis, while some mice lived to 2 months, but they were smaller in size and weight than their control littermates. Repetitive behavioral seizures were observed as early as P14, with some cases being tonic seizures that ended with respiratory distress and death. Depth electrodes implanted into the hippocampus recorded electrographic seizures in 20 percent of the Adam10/CamKIIa conditional mutant mice and in none of the control mice. In summary, genetic deletion of Adam10 retarded growth and initiated a seizure phenotype. During normal ontogeny, ADAM10 levels increase with postnatal age, in particular throughout synaptogenesis. The levels of ADAM10 in the targeted genetic mutant mice were measured by Western blot analysis. Decreased levels of Postnatal Disruption of the Disintegrin/Metalloproteinase ADAM10 in Brain Causes Epileptic Seizures, Learning Deficits, Altered Spine Morphology, and Defective Synaptic Functions.
Modelica and SMILE - A Case Study Applying Object Oriented Concepts to Multi-Facet Modeling.

A new language called Modelica for hierarchical physical modeling is developed in an international effort. The main objectives are to make it easy to exchange models and model libraries between tools and to use object-oriented constructs to facilitate the reuse of modeling knowledge. The design approach joins the concepts of non-causal modeling with ordinary differential and algebraic equations with object-oriented model structuring facilities. Modelica’s language features are compared to the features of Smile, one of the existing object-oriented modeling languages available from the TU of Berlin and GMD FIRST. The Smile environment is used at DLR Cologne for the modeling of solar thermal power plants, but the Smile development team plans to extend the environment with the Modelica language (Ernst, T.,S. J ̈ ahnichen, M. Klose 1997). The example of a simple stove with electrical plates is used to point out the new model structuring possibilities. A tank system with a centrifugal pump is used to demonstrate new possibilities of modeling using genericity and inheritance.
Partial characterization of the positive capacity region of two-dimensional asymmetric run length constrained channels

A binary sequence satisfies a one-dimensional (d,k) run length constraint if every run of zeros has length at least d and at most k. A two-dimensional binary pattern is (d/sub 1/,k/sub 1/,d/sub 2/,k/sub 2/)-constrained if it satisfies the one-dimensional (d/sub 1/,k/sub 1/) run length constraint horizontally and the one-dimensional (d/sub 2/,k/sub 2/) run length constraint vertically. For given d/sub 1/, k/sub 1/, d/sub 2/, and k/sub 2/, the asymmetric two-dimensional capacity is defined as C/sub d1,k1,d2,k2/=lim/sub m,n/spl rarr//spl infin// (1/(mn)) log/sub 2/ N/sub m,n//sup (d1,k1,d2,k2)/ where N/sub m,n//sup (d1,k1,d2,k2)/ denotes the number of (d/sub 1/,k/sub 1/,d/sub 2/,k/sub 2/)-constrained m/spl times/n binary patterns. We determine whether the capacity is positive or is zero, for many choices of (d/sub 1/,k/sub 1/,d/sub 2/,k/sub 2/).
The development of heart rate variability analysis software for detection of individual autonomic response on music and Quran recitation

Music is closely related to the psychological status of human. Besides, the Quran recitation could give equanimity to most of Islamic faith holders. Both of those stimuli are being the daily activities of most of Indonesian people. We investigated the effect of those stimuli on autonomic activity by analyzing heart rate variability (HRV). The research was done by two stages, which are the making of the new software named AnalisatorHRV v 1.0, then such experimentation to utilize it. We develop the software due to originality and the ability of comparison of two data concurrently. One of new released feature is the autonomic response graphic plot. The alteration of spectral parameters LF, HF and LF/HF change were observed on 12 postgraduate students after given four stages of stimuli. The music are divided into two criteria, soft and hard type. The analyses of subjects were done by two ways, which are based on stimulus and individual. We obtained the results that soft-type music could give sympathomimetic effect (LF up), whereas hard-type one could give sympatholitic effect (LF down). Parasympatholitic effects are found on all of external auditory stimuli. Comparing to music, Quran recitation could give higher autonomic response. We concluded that our software is very helpful to further autonomic response researches on other auditory stimuli.
Neoclassical compounds as relational adjectives

Marin Lasserre and Fabio Montermini’s work (Neoclassical compounds as relational adjectives) deals with newly formed neoclassical compounds in French ending in -logique. These are proposed to be analyzed as pure relational adjectives that are formed by a single constructional strategy, and their meaning is investigated from a distributional semantic perspective.
Dispositional Mindfulness May Be Associated with Deeper Connections with Nature

Abstract Feeling connected with nature has broad benefits and can manifest in many ways. One important component of nature connectedness is believing that the self and nature are “one” or interdependent. Mindfulness is associated with greater interdependence and also appears to be associated with feeling connected with nature. Decentering is a mechanism of mindfulness that involves creating a reflective distance from which thoughts and emotions can be observed as transient, internal phenomena and not unequivocal truths. Assuming a decentered perspective may allow individuals to get “out of their heads” and into the surrounding world. This study examined the relationships between dispositional mindfulness, decentering, and nature connectedness in a sample (N = 467) of American adults. Results indicated that dispositional mindfulness was positively associated with nature connectedness, with two dispositional mindfulness facets, observing and non-reacting, accounting for the majority of this association. Fur.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT MODEL OF LECTURER IN EAST JAVA

-The Academic achievement is one of the performance indicators of lecturer at Universities; the academic achievement has influence either directly or indirectly for professors as well as for University. This research is conducted for 124 lecturers, from the 10 universities of East Java. The research result show that the independent variable has simultaneously influence towards dependent variable. While, partially variable Motivation, Ability, Problems has a significant influence towards lecturer’s efforts in order to improve the academic achievement, while the opportunities variable, Organization Commitment, Population density, distance of residence with College is not significant against efforts to improve academic achievement. Motivation variable is a dominant variable that has influence towards lecturer’s efforts in order to improve the academic achievement. Keywords-Motivation, Problems, Ability, Organization Commitment, Population density, distance of residence, Academic Achievement.
A fast transformation method to semantic query optimisation

Semantic query optimisation is a comparatively recent approach for the transformation of a given query into equivalent alternative queries using matching rules in order to select an optimum query based on the costs of executing these alternative queries. The most important aspect of this optimisation approach is that this resultant query can be processed more efficiently than the original query. This paper describes how a near optimal alternative query may be found in far less time than existing approaches. The method uses the concept of a 'search ratio' associated with each matching rule. The search ratio of a matching rule is based on the cost of the antecedent and consequent conditions of the rule. This cost is related to the number of instances in the database determined by these conditions. This knowledge about the number of instances is available and can be recorded when the rules are first derived. We then compare search ratios of rules to select the most restrictive rules for the construction of a near optimum query. The technique works efficiently regardless of the number of matching rules, since resources are not used to construct all alternative queries. This means that transformation and selection costs are minimised in our system. It is hoped that this method will prove a viable alternative to the expensive optimisation process normally associated with semantic query optimisation.
On the Connectivity of Sensor Networks Under Random Pairwise Key Predistribution

We investigate the connectivity of wireless sensor networks under the random pairwise key predistribution scheme of Chan Under the assumption of full visibility, this reduces to studying the connectivity in the so-called random K-out graph H (n;K); here, n is the number of nodes and K <; n is an integer parameter affecting the number of keys stored at each node. We show that if K ≥ 2 (respectively, K=1), the probability that H (n;K) is a connected graph approaches 1 (respectively, 0) as n goes to infinity. For the one-law this is done by establishing an explicitly computable lower bound on the probability of connectivity. Using this bound, we see that with high probability, network connectivity can already be guaranteed (with K ≥ 2) by a relatively small number of sensors. This corrects earlier predictions made on the basis of a heuristic transfer of connectivity results available for Erdös-Rényi graphs.
Peripheral nerve injury induces loss of nociceptive neuron-specific Gαi-interacting protein in neuropathic pain rat

Background Gαi-interacting protein (GINIP) is expressed specifically in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and functions in modulation of peripheral gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor (GBR). Genetic deletion of GINIP leads to impaired responsiveness to GBR agonist-mediated analgesia in rodent. It is, however, not defined whether nerve injury changes GINIP expression. Results Immunolabeling with validated antibody revealed GINIP expression in ∼40% of total lumbar DRG neurons in normal adult rats. GINIP immunoreactivity was detected in ∼80% of IB4-positive (nonpeptidergic) and ∼30% of CGRP-positive (peptidergic) neurons. GINIP immunoreactivity in the spinal cord dorsal horn was colabeled with IB4 and partially with CGRP. In addition, GINIP was expressed in DRG neurons immunopositive for GBR1, GBR2, Gαi(s), and Gαo and was also extensively colabeled with multiple nociceptive neuronal markers, including Trpv1, NaV1.7, CaV2. 2α1b, CaV3. 2α1b, TrkA, and Trek2. Peripheral nerve injury by L5 spinal nerve ligation significantly decreased the proportion of GINIP immunoreactivity-positive neurons from 40 ± 8.4% to 0.8 ± 0.1% (p < 0.01, mean ± SD, four weeks after spinal nerve ligation) and the total GINIP protein to 1.3% ± 0.04% of its basal level (p < 0.01, n = 6 animals in each group, two weeks after spinal nerve ligation) in the ipsilateral L5 DRGs. Conclusion Our results show that GINIP is predominantly expressed by small nonpeptidergic nociceptive neurons and that nerve injury triggers loss of GINIP expression. Signal transduction roles of GINIP may be diverse as it colabeled with various subgroups of nociceptive neurons. Future studies may investigate details of the signaling mechanism engaged by GINIP, as well as the pathophysiological significance of lost expression of GINIP in neuropathic pain.
Migrating a Leitstand System between Object-Oriented Database Systems - An Experience Report

Advances in technology and organizational structures effect changes in database requirements. Frameworks for the migration of database applications between different database systems accomplish the task of mapping evolving requirements to existing applications. In this paper, we describe a framework for migrating database applications between different object-oriented database systems. We illustrate our framework by means of migrating KBL † from ONTOSTM to ObjectStore TM.