Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure identification in Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy modeling

In the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy modeling for complex system modeling, global system model is obtained by combining a number of local models, each of which has simpler structure. Since the local models are identified for corresponding fuzzy subsets, the performance of the global model is highly affected by the choice of the subsets. This paper addresses a structure identification algorithm with subset decomposition and merging in the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy modeling based on three criteria, Kullback discrimination information, Akaike information criterion, and mean squared errors.
Characterization of Yb:YAG active slab media based on a layered structure with different doping

Slabs with non-uniform doping distribution are studied with the aim of reducing thermal deformations in high-energy high-average-power Yb:YAG slab systems. We present a numerical analysis based on Finite Element Mesh (FEM) methods suitable to model non-uniform devices. The thermal variation of the refractive index, the end-faces deformations and the photo-elastic effect have been calculated in order to estimate the total thermal-lens effect. The stress distributions are also obtained. Some results of this numerical approach are compared to experimental thermal lens measurements in a simple geometry for both uniform and structured samples, in order to validate the numerical procedures. Finally we compare numerical simulations for different single- or double-sided pumping and cooling geometries. They show that structured slabs can reduce thermal gradients with respect to uniformly doped means with comparable absorption and geometry. This means a reduction of thermal lens effect and thus an increase of maximum allowed pump power loading. Previous literature reports some work made with structured slabs where higher doping was located in layers with lower pump radiation levels, in order to get a more uniform absorption. Interestingly our modeling indicates that reduced thermal effects are instead obtained when a higher doping is located close to the cooled surfaces.
Indentation induced mechanical and electrical response in ferroelectric crystal investigated by acoustic mode AFM

The mechanical and electrical response of Pb (Mg1/3Nb2/3)‐ O3–PbTiO3 single crystals to micro‐indentation are investigated using the newly developed low frequency scanning probe acoustic microscopy which is based on the atomic force microscope. There are three ways to release the stress produced by indentation. Plastic deformation emerged directly underneath the indentor and along the indentation diagonals. In addition, indentation‐induced micro‐cracks and new non‐180° domain structures which are perpendicular to each other are also observed in the indented surface. Based on the experimental results, the relationship between the cracks and the domain patterns was discussed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Language matters in the perception of affect from voice

This paper presents the general results of a cross-language study of perception of affect from voice. A perception test using a range of synthesised voice quality stimuli was administered to four groups of subjects, speakers of Hiberno-English, Russian, Spanish and Japanese. The study aims to clarify how variations in voice quality (in synthesised stimuli) can evoke different affective colouring for subjects from different language/cultural backgrounds. This study furthermore addresses, by including major f 0 differences in some stimuli, some aspects of the role of f 0 in affect cueing. The results suggest both universal and language/culture-specific trends in voice to affect association.
Out-of-pocket costs near end of life in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review

Background Globally, there is a rise in chronic disease, including cancer, major organ failure and dementias. Patients and their families in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) pay a high proportion of medical costs out of pocket (OOP), and a diagnosis of serious illness often has catastrophic financial consequences. We therefore conducted a review of the literature to establish what is known about OOP costs near end of life in LMICs. Aims To identify, organise and report the evidence on out-of-pocket costs in adult end-of-life populations in LMIC. Methods A systematic search of 8 databases and a hand search of relevant systematic reviews and grey literature was performed. Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts, assessed papers for eligibility and extracted data. The review was registered with PROSPERO and adhered to the Preferred Reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess quality. The Wagstaff taxonomy was used to describe OOP. Results After deduplication, 9,343 studies were screened, of which 51 were read and rejected as full texts, and 12 were included in the final review. OOP costs increased with advanced illness and disease severity. The main drivers of OOP were medications and hospitalizations, with high but variable percentages of the affected populations reporting financial catastrophe, lost income, foregone education and other pressures. Conclusion Despite a small number of included studies and heterogeneity in methodology and reporting, it is clear that OOP costs for care near end of life in LMIC represent an important source of catastrophic health expenditures and impoverishment. This suggests a role for widespread, targeted efforts to avoid poverty traps. Financial protection policies for those suffering from incurable disease and future research on the macro- and micro- economics of palliative care delivery in LMIC are greatly needed.
Shortening ratios of modified dipole antennas

Two types of modified dipole antennas, zigzag and meander-line types, are analyzed and the shortening ratios are calculated. A zigzag dipole antenna with a wire length of 0.58 wavelengths has a shortening ratio of 24 percent with a resonant resistance of 46 \Omega . A meander-line dipole antenna with a wire length of 0.70 wavelengths has a shortening ratio of 30 percent with a resonant resistance of 43 \Omega . It is found that the radiation patterns of these two types of antennas are similar to the radiation pattern of a conventional half-wave linear dipole antenna.
Application of a Structure Coefficient Rule of Thumb For Two-Group Descriptive Discriminant Analysis

(The elements of A are the SCs , a1 thru ap, associated with the single linear function, Z. Using the above algorithm, in order to calculate SCs based on pooled within-group variance as opposed to total variance, one need only substitute the scalar T with the scalar for pooled within-group variance, W. In the case of Equation 2, SCs are normalized because calculation of A includes multiplying the square root of the inverse matrix, [D(V’TV)] -1 . Thus, any given vector of SCs is restricted to a length of one. However, in popular statistical computer packages (SAS and SPSS), SCs are not normalized. Furthermore, DA output in SAS includes SCs based on both total variance and pooled within-group variance; concordant output in SPSS includes only SCs based on within-group variance. Because SCs are not normalized in contemporary statistical computer software, as it applies to non-normalized SCs, Equation 3 may be rewritten as a modification of Tatsuoka’s algorithm from Equation 2: A non = [D(T)] -1/2 (TV ) , (3)
Development of a noncontact optical sensor for measuring the shape of a surface and thickness of transparent objects

This paper deals with the non-contact optical sensor to measure the shape and the thickness of transparent plates such as glass panel of LCD(Liquid Crystal Display). The conventional methods to obtain the shape or thickness of transparent plates are contact type sensor such as LVDT(Linear Variable Differential Transformer). Due to the contact between the tip of the sensor and the surface of objects, the tip is abraded. In addition the casting glass under high temperature results in extendin g the size of sensor body. The accuracy of the sensor is degraded due to these reasons. In this paper, to overcome these problems, we proposed a low cost non-contact optical sensor that is composed of a Hologram laser unit used for optical pickup of CD player and a plastic lens. To evaluate the performance of the proposed optical sensor, a series of experiments ware performed for various measurement conditions. Based upon observation of the experimental results, the proposed sensor shows a good performance in measuring the shape of transparent plates.
Constrained Joint Inversion of Magneto-telluric and Seismic Data Using Simulated Annealing Algorithm

Based on the studies of simulated annealing algorithm, the continuous model space of the very fast simulated annealing was transformed to a variable discrete form in this paper. It can be proved by theoretical models that 5 to 10 times calculation work load can be saved. With a purpose to suit the needs of joint inversion, the ‘single judge’ error checking rule of the very fast simulated annealing algorithm was developed to the ‘double judge’ error checking rule to avoid the judge mistakes made by Metropolis accepting rule. Then, onedimensional and two-dimensional multi-parameters joint inversion of magnetotelluric and seismic data under the uneven topography conditions were put forward. Furthermore, the example calculation results of the theoretical models and real observed data illustrated that this constraint joint inversion technique was quite effective.
Automatic mesh generation with tetrahedron elements

To reduce the manual work involved in the application of the FEM in practice, preprocessors can be applied for the construction of network structures, which are complicated in generation strategy and do not form any optimum discrete structure. The time necessary for generation can be minimized even more by the application of only one element type within the whole network structure. A technique for the automatic generation of 3D-network structures with tetrahedron elements is presented in this paper. In this proposed technique, the nodal points of the network structure must be defined manually before the generation procedure, since a random positioning of points is usually undesirable for FEM calculation. The nodal points are connected by a program to a network structure consisting of tetrahedron elements which have optimum form for the numerical computation of the element matrices. After the generation, the element sides forming any part of the boundary surface of the network structure can be automatically identified. If necessary, the network structure can be automatically refined.
Classification of crystal lattices

There are two natural ways in which to attempt a classification of the lattices which occur in crystallography or, more generally, of n-dimensional lattices. The first method is algebraic and proceeds by classifying the symmetry groups of the lattices. Thus an n-dimensional lattice is a discrete subgroup of Rn and determines a symmetry group which is a subgroup of the orthogonal group On. Two lattices T1 and T2 are said to determine the same crystal system if the symmetry groups G(T1) and G(T2) are conjugate: that is there exists a linear isomorphism ø: Rn → Rn such that
Evaluation of discretization and integration methods for the analysis of finite hydrodynamic bearings with surface texturing

Efficient numerical methods are essential in the analysis of finite hydrodynamic bearings with surface texturing. This is especially evident in optimization and parametric studies where the discretization and integration methods are used to solve the governing two-dimensional Reynolds equation multiple times. Performance comparison studies of the methods are thus required to select the method that is most suitable for a particular bearing geometry. In this work, we conduct a comprehensive and systematic comparison of typical implementations of the finite difference, finite volume, finite element and spectral element discretization methods together with the Newton–Cotes formula and Gauss quadratures for hydrodynamic bearings governed by the two-dimensional Reynolds equation. The methods were evaluated by comparing the approximation errors in the calculation of the maximum pressure, load capacity, coefficient of friction, and minimum film thickness for parallel and convergent bearings textured with elliptical grooves or trapezoidal dimples. The number of degrees of freedom required by the methods to achieve the error cut-off values of 5%, 1% and 0.1% were calculated. Our results demonstrate that the spectral element method uses up to 72 times fewer degrees of freedom than the other methods for the same cut-off values. Also, our study revealed that the shape of the groove/dimple and the bearing convergence ratio can have a significant effect on the approximation errors of the numerical methods used. Specifically, for piecewise-linear texture features (e.g. trapezoidal dimples) and positive convergence ratio it is easier, for the methods, to accurately approximate the solution. In such cases, the finite volume and finite element methods are reasonable choices and provide a good trade-off between the ease of implementation and approximation errors. The worse performance was observed for the finite difference and thus this method is not recommended when the computational efficiency and the accuracy of results are of importance.
Discretisation of feedback controllers in a pointwise gap metric

In this paper, a new technique for discretising linear time-invariant (LTI) feedback controllers is proposed. The resulting sampled-data (SD) approximation is guaranteed to lie within a pointwise gap distance, closely related to the v-gap metric, from the original LTI controller. Importantly, this permits explicit characterisation of possible degradation in closed-loop performance (accounting for stability and inter-sample behaviour.) It is shown that SD approximation, to within a bound on the pointwise gap metric defined, can be posed as a standard H/sup /spl infin// SD synthesis problem, which may be solved via existing methods.
Wave-front measurements of terawatt-class ultrashort laser pulses by the Fresnel phase-retrieval method

We demonstrate single-shot wave-front measurements of high-peak-power 100-fs laser pulses using the Fresnel phase-retrieval method. The wave fronts are reconstructed from only two intensity distributions at two planes along the optical axis and are measured by means of simple charge-coupled-device cameras. Wave fronts of a terawatt-class laser pulse are measured to be better than 0. 36λ, peak to valley, when compared with the measured far-field intensity distributions of the beam.
A waveguide transverse slot for array applications

The characteristics of a radiating rectangular transverse slot in a rectangular waveguide have been studied. A moment method solution is used with entire basis expansion and testing functions (Galerkin) including the effect of wall thickness. The results are presented in terms of normalized resistance and reactance versus slot length and frequency. Excellent agreement with a previous pulse basis solution is found, as well as with measured data. An array of resonantly spaced transverse slots radiates large grating lobes. A spatial filter using baffles to suppress the grating lobes is described, suppressed. The effect of the baffles on the transverse slot impedance is analyzed for the case of baffles with infinite height. >
3-D implicit finite‐difference migration by multiway splitting

We show that 3-D implicit finite‐difference schemes can be realized by multiway splitting in such a way that the steep dip problem and the problem of numerical anisotropy are overcome. The basic idea is as follows. We approximate the 3-D square root operator by a sequence of 2-D operators in three, four, or six directions to solve the azimuth symmetry problem. Each 2-D square root operator is then approximated by a sequence of implicit 2-D operators to improve steep dip accuracy. This sequence contains some unknown coefficients, which are calculated by a Taylor expansion technique or by an optimization technique. In the Taylor expansion method, the square root and its approximation are expanded into power series. By comparing the terms, the unknown coefficients are calculated. The more 2-D finite‐difference operators for cascading are taken and the more directions for downward continuation are chosen, the more terms from power series can be compared to obtain a higher‐degree migration operator with better.
Acoustic energy flux in nonhomogeneous ducts

A study of the scattering matrix S of sound waves propagating in an inhomogeneous duct which consists of two semi‐infinite ducts, connected somehow, is undertaken. The scattering matrix contains all reflection and transmission coefficients from the nth into the mth propagating mode for upstream and downstream propagation. A mean flow u0 is included. From energy conservation one finds, that S is unitary for potential flow, SS+=E, if the mode normalization is performed to unity energy flux. Invariance considerations with respect to time reversal reveal that S* (ω, −u0), the conjugate complex of the reverse flow scattering matrix, obeys the relation S* (ω, −u0) S (ω, u0) =E. From these two results, the reciprocity relation ST(ω, −u0) =s (ω, u0) is obtained, where ST denotes the transpose of S. Some implications of these results for sound waves propagating in potential flow are discussed. The modifications which occur in rotational flow are also described.
Optimization in Cardiovascular Modeling

Fluid mechanics plays a key role in the development, progression, and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Advances in imaging methods and patient-specific modeling now reveal increasingly detailed information about blood flow patterns in health and disease. Building on these tools, there is now an opportunity to couple blood flow simulation with optimization algorithms to improve the design of surgeries and devices, incorporating more information about the flow physics in the design process to augment current medical knowledge. In doing so, a major challenge is the need for efficient optimization tools that are appropriate for unsteady fluid mechanics problems, particularly for the optimization of complex patient-specific models in the presence of uncertainty. This article reviews the state of the art in optimization tools for virtual surgery, device design, and model parameter identification in cardiovascular flow and mechanobiology applications. In particular, it reviews trade-offs between traditional .
Effects of internal loss on power efficiency of mid-infrared InAs-GaInSb-AlSb quantum-well lasers and comparison with InAsSb lasers

Experimental studies of the lasing efficiency of optically pumped 4-/spl mu/m GaInSb-InAs-AlSb multiple-quantum-well (MQW) lasers that emitted >1-W peak power/facet at 80 K indicated that internal loss is the main factor that limits the power output. The internal loss coefficient and internal quantum efficiency were determined by measuring the lasing efficiency versus temperature for devices of different facet reflectivities and lengths. The internal loss coefficient was found to increase from /spl sim/18 cm/sup -1/ near 70 K to /spl sim/60-100 cm/sup -1/ near 180 K, while the internal quantum efficiency remained constant at /spl sim/47% (or /spl sim/67% with the correction for the finite absorption of the active region) from 70 to 130 K. The increase of internal loss and the decrease of external quantum efficiency versus temperature were found very similar to those of double-heterostructure InAsSb-GaSb lasers and were similarly interpreted in terms of intervalence band carrier absorption. Extrapolation of power performance for improved devices with lower internal loss indicated that high-efficiency multi-watt quasi-CW output with a broad-area brightness of /spl sim/1 MW/cm/sup 2/. sterad is possible.
NARX models: optimal parametric approximation of nonparametric estimators

Bayesian regression, a nonparametric identification technique with several appealing features, can be applied to the identification of NARX (nonlinear ARX) models. However, its computational complexity scales as O(N/sup 3/) where N is the data set size. In order to reduce complexity, the challenge is to obtain fixed-order parametric models capable of approximating accurately the nonparametric Bayes estimate avoiding its explicit computation. In this work we derive, optimal finite-dimensional approximations of complexity O(N/sup 2/) focusing on their use in the parametric identification of NARX models.
Laser Raman detection of platelet as a non-invasive approach for early and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

Early and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a problem that puzzled many doctors. Reliable markers in easy-assembling samples are of considerable clinical diagnostic value. In this work, laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) was developed a new method that potentially allows early and differential diagnosis of AD from the platelet sample. Raman spectra of platelets isolated from different ages of AD transgenic mice and non-transgenic controls were collected and analyzed. Multilayer perceptron networks (MLP) classification method was used to classify spectra and establish the diagnostic models. For differential diagnosis, spectra of platelets isolated from AD, Parkinson's disease (PD) and vascular dementia (VD) mice were also discriminated. Two notable spectral differences at 740 and 1654 cm-1 were revealed in the mean spectrum of platelets isolated from AD transgenic mice and the controls. MLP displayed a powerful ability in the classifying of early, advanced AD and the control group, and in differential diagnosis of PD and advanced AD, as well as VD and advanced AD. The results suggest that platelet detecting by LRS coupled with MLP analysis appears to be an easy and accurate method for early and differential diagnosis of AD. This technique could be rapidly promoted from laboratory to the hospital.
Gun bore flaw image matching based on improved SIFT descriptor

In order to increase the operation speed and matching ability of SIFT algorithm, the SIFT descriptor and matching strategy are improved. First, a method of constructing feature descriptor based on sector area is proposed. By computing the gradients histogram of location bins which are parted into 6 sector areas, a descriptor with 48 dimensions is constituted. It can reduce the dimension of feature vector and decrease the complexity of structuring descriptor. Second, it introduce a strategy that partitions the circular region into 6 identical sector areas starting from the dominate orientation. Consequently, the computational complexity is reduced due to cancellation of rotation operation for the area. The experimental results indicate that comparing with the OpenCV SIFT arithmetic, the average matching speed of the new method increase by about 55.86%. The matching veracity can be increased even under some variation of view point, illumination, rotation, scale and out of focus. The new method got satisfied results in gun bore flaw image matching. Keywords: Metrology, Flaw image matching, Gun bore, Feature descriptor
Enhanced carrier-carrier interaction in optically pumped hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon

A femtosecond pump-probe setup was used to measure the time resolved reflectivity of hydrogenated amorphous silicon containing crystalline silicon nanoparticles at eight different incidence angles. Results fitted with the Drude model found a scattering rate of G = 2-1+1.2×1015? s-1 at a corresponding carrier concentration of ~ 1020? cm-3. The observed scattering rate is attributed to enhanced carrier-carrier interaction in optically pumped nanocrystals.