Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gene expression in human neutrophils during activation and priming by bacterial lipopolysaccharide

Circulating neutrophils play a key role both in the systemic inflammatory response and in complications of bacterial infection such as septic shock and septic multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. We have analyzed gene expression patterns in human neutrophils stimulated by E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), with or without prior exposure to LPS, using differential display and oligonucleotide chip techniques. We identified 307 genes that were activated or repressed after treatment with LPS at 10 ng/ml and 385 genes after LPS at 100 ng/ml, compared with untreated neutrophils. The two sets included many transcription factors, cytokines, chemokines, interleukins, and surface antigens, as well as members of the toll‐like receptor, Rel/NF‐κB, and immune mediator gene families. Time course analysis showed that the early and late neutrophil responses to LPS share some common mechanisms, but many changes in gene expression are transient or late to develop. Neutrophils also showed a priming response to LPS, in which 97 genes significantly changed expression on re‐exposure to lower dose LPS and were analyzed by unsupervised hierarchical clustering. These findings indicate that the neutrophil is a transcriptionally active cell responsive to environmental stimuli and capable of a complex series of both early and late changes in gene expression. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the Journal of Cellular Biochemistry website (http://jws‐edci.interscience.wiley.com:8998/jpages/0730‐2312/suppmat/89/v89.page.html). J. Cell. Biochem. 89: 848–861, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design of a low-power 3.5-GHz broad-band CMOS transimpedance amplifier for optical transceivers

This paper describes a novel low-power low-noise CMOS voltage-current feedback transimpedance amplifier design using a low-cost Agilent 0.5-/spl mu/m 3M1P CMOS process technology. Theoretical foundations for this transimpedance amplifier by way of gain, bandwidth and noise analysis are developed. The bandwidth of the amplifier was extended using the inductive peaking technique, and, simulation results indicated a -3-dB bandwidth of 3.5 GHz with a transimpedance gain of /spl ap/60 dBohms. The dynamic range of the amplifier was wide enough to enable an output peak-to-peak voltage swing of around 400 mV for a test input current swing of 100 /spl mu/A. The output noise voltage spectral density was 12 nV//spl radic/Hz (with a peak of /spl ap/25 nV//spl radic/Hz), while the input-referred noise current spectral density was below 20 pA//spl radic/Hz within the amplifier frequency band. The amplifier consumes only around 5 mA from a 3.3-V power supply. A test chip implementing the transimpedance amplifier was also fabricated using the low-cost CMOS process.
A Study of Entrepreneur Theory

The controversy among economists over the notion of entrepr en eur and the incompletion of the entrepreneur theory lead to the confusion in und erstanding and applying of the entrepreneur theory. It is,therefore,necessary to redefine the notion of entrepreneur and reconstruct a new system of entrepren eur theory,which would consist of three kernel theories: the three-dimension st ructure theory of entrepreneur capability,the theory of selecting people by reg ulation concerning entrepreneur qualification,and the special human capital the ory of entrepreneur.
The use of gadolinium in patients with contrast allergy or renal failure requiring coronary angiography, coronary intervention, or vascular procedure

Coronary artery angiography remains an important procedure for the assessment of coronary arteries. It requires injection of iodinated contrast for the opacification of coronary arteries. Severe allergy to iodine contrast and renal insufficiency are two main problems with iodine‐based contrast media. Gadolinium (Gd) has different chemical structure with no cross reactivity with iodine‐based contrast media in patients with iodine allergy. The use of Gd is commonly used in contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for image enhancement, making it a potential alternative in patients in whom iodine is contraindicated. The aim of this manuscript is to review the available literature on the use of Gd in patients with contraindication to iodine contrast due to allergy or in patients with severe renal failure requiring coronary or vascular procedures. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cognitive radio as common information exchange reference model for interoperability between hetrogeneous networks

This paper presents the application of cognitive radio (CR) in interoperability between two heterogeneous networks. We have used CR as a common information exchange platform to ensure interoperability between IEEE 802.11b (Wi-Fi) and IEEE 802.16a (Wi-Max) networks in the same shared frequency band. CR is used to link these two networks which are considered out of reach from each other. We compare the performance of complete network in different scenarios simulated with varying number of constant bit rate (CBR) applications. Different matrices for comparison are throughput, end to end delay and jitter. Further to this, equal traffic is generated to compare the throughput of Wi-Max and Wi-Fi subnets.
Paraneoplastic and Other Autoimmune Disorders of the Central Nervous System

The recent report on “Paraneoplastic and Other Autoimmune Disorders of the Central Nervous System” is very interesting.1 Dr McKeon noted that “comprehensive serological and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) evaluation for neural autoantibodies may permit a focused cancer evaluation. ”1 In fact, the serological and CSF evaluation for autoantibodies might be a useful tool for disease assessment.1,2 Nevertheless, there are several concerns regarding such testing. First, the method of antibody testing is very important. Sometimes, the titer might be low and can be detected only by some methods (such as indirect immunofluorescence tests). 3 In addition, using insensitive methods might result in false-negative results.3,4 The possibility of a false-positive antibody result should always be kept in mind when interpreting the result. For example, in the case of P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) antibodies, false positives can be seen in upto 6% of patients with paraneoplastic syndromes and the true rate of false positives in the general population is unknown.5 Since the availability of the gold standard test, immunohistochemical staining on brain tissue sections combined with confirmation by immunoblotting using recombinant purified proteins, is difficult, a development of a reliable and readily available assay is needed.6
A Comparison of Nuggets and Clusters for Evaluating Timeline Summaries

There is growing interest in systems that generate timeline summaries by filtering high-volume streams of documents to retain only those that are relevant to a particular event or topic. Continued advances in algorithms and techniques for this task depend on standardized and reproducible evaluation methodologies for comparing systems. However, timeline summary evaluation is still in its infancy, with competing methodologies currently being explored in international evaluation forums such as TREC. One area of active exploration is how to explicitly represent the units of information that should appear in a "good" summary. Currently, there are two main approaches, one based on identifying nuggets in an external "ground truth", and the other based on clustering system outputs. In this paper, by building test collections that have both nugget and cluster annotations, we are able to compare these two approaches. Specifically, we address questions related to evaluation effort, differences in the final evaluation products, and correlations between scores and rankings generated by both approaches. We summarize advantages and disadvantages of nuggets and clusters to offer recommendations for future system evaluations.
Household Location and Economic Development in the Chicago Metropolitan Statistical Area

The patterns of where households live within the Chicago Metropolitan Statistical Area are examined over the 1990 to 2010 period with respect to their socioeconomic characteristics. It is seen that city–suburban differences in educational attainment have been eliminated over time. This is particularly the case for non-Hispanic Whites living in Chicago who have become substantially more likely to have a college degree relative to their suburban counterparts. In contrast, educational attainment has a rising propensity of African Americans and Hispanics to suburbanize, especially those households containing children of school age.
Prolonged Deficits in Parvalbumin Neuron Stimulation-Evoked Network Activity Despite Recovery of Dendritic Structure and Excitability in the Somatosensory Cortex following Global Ischemia in Mice

Relatively few studies have examined plasticity of inhibitory neuronal networks following stroke in vivo, primarily due to the inability to selectively monitor inhibition. We assessed the structure of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons during a 5 min period of global ischemia and reperfusion in mice, which mimicked cerebral ischemia during cardiac arrest or forms of transient ischemic attack. The dendritic structure of PV-neurons in cortical superficial layers was rapidly swollen and beaded during global ischemia, but recovered within 5–10 min following reperfusion. Using optogenetics and a multichannel optrode, we investigated the function of PV-neurons in mouse forelimb somatosensory cortex. We demonstrated pharmacologically that PV-channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) stimulation evoked activation in layer IV/V, which resulted in rapid current sinks mediated by photocurrent and action potentials (a measure of PV-neuron excitability), which was then followed by current sources mediated by network GABAergic synaptic activity. During ischemic depolarization, the PV-ChR2-evoked current sinks (excitability) were suppressed, but recovered rapidly following reperfusion concurrent with repolarization of the DC-EEG. In contrast, the current sources reflecting GABAergic synaptic network activity recovered slowly and incompletely, and was coincident with the partial recovery of the forepaw stimulation-evoked current sinks in layer IV/V 30 min post reperfusion. Our in vivo data suggest that the excitability of PV inhibitory neurons was suppressed during global ischemia and rapidly recovered during reperfusion. In contrast, PV-ChR2 stimulation-evoked GABAergic synaptic network activity exhibited a prolonged suppression even ∼1 h after reperfusion, which could contribute to the dysfunction of sensation and cognition following transient global ischemia.
Lack of requirement of STAT1 for activation of nuclear factor-kappaB, c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase, and apoptosis by tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is one of the most potent activators of nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), and apoptosis in a wide variety of cells. The biological effects of TNF are mediated through sequential interactions of various cytoplasmic proteins with intracellular domains of TNF receptors. Whether signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1), which mediates interferon (IFN) signaling, also plays any role in the TNF-mediated activation of NF-kappaB, JNK, and apoptosis has not been established. Here, we report our investigation of the role of STAT1 in TNF signaling using STAT1-deficient U3A and STAT1-stably transfected U3A-PSG91 cells. IFNalpha inhibited the proliferation of STAT1-expressing U3A-PSG91 cells but had no effect on STAT1-negative U3A cells. TNF alone, even up to 10 nM, had no effect on the proliferation of either U3A-PSG91 or U3A cells. Irrespective of STAT1 status, TNF induced cytotoxic effects in the presence of cycloheximide (CHX) in both cell types. Additionally, TNF-induced caspase-3 and caspase-8 activation and TNF-induced PARP cleavage were unaffected by the presence or absence of STAT1. TNF activated NF-kappaB, consisting of p50 and p65, in both U3A and U3A-pSG91 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, but the degree and rate of activation were slightly lower in U3A cells, as were IkappaBalpha degradation and NF-kappaB-dependent reporter gene expression. STAT1 was, however, required for IFNalpha-mediated downregulation of TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation. TNF activated JNK in both cell types, but dose and time of exposure required for optimum activation differed slightly. Thus, overall our results indicate that STAT1 plays a minimal role in TNF-mediated cellular responses.
In Situ Hybridization Analysis for Expression of Myogenic Regulatory Factors in Regenerating Muscle of mdx Mouse

Precise temporal and spatial coordination of expression of the myogenic regulatory factors (MRF) plays a critical role in the development of skeletal muscle. Whether this pattern is recapitulated postnatally during regeneration of mature muscle after injury is not known. The aim of this study was to determine the cellular distribution of mRNA expression of the various myogenic regulatory factors (MyoD, Myogenin, Myf-5 and Myf-6) during regeneration in mature skeletal muscle. We used the mdx mouse, an animal model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which undergoes necrosis and vigorous regeneration of muscle fibers, as a natural model to study muscle fibers at various stages of maturity ranging from satellite cells to mature muscle fibers. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that MyoD expression was the most widespread and was expressed in satellite cells and small regenerating muscle fibers surrounding necrotic fibers. Myogenin, Myf5, and Myf6 were expressed weakly in some immature fibers and none of the MRF's could be detected in mature muscle. These findings, taken together with previous studies, suggests that the pattern of expression of the various MRF's in regenerating skeletal muscle differs from that in developing muscle in embryos and that MyoD may play a critical role in the initiation and progression of events which lead to regeneration in mature skeletal muscle.
Student Engagement in Two Countries: A Comparative Study Using National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) Data.

To compare college and university student engagement in two countries with different responses to global forces, Canada and the United States (US), a series of hierarchical linear regression (HLM) models were developed to analyse data from the 2006 administration of the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE). Overall, students in the U.S. are more engaged, particularly in areas of active and collaborative learning and student–faculty interaction. This study identified areas of student engagement in both countries that administrators and researchers should investigate more thoroughly: Canadian and U.S. students in education and professional fields of study were more engaged generally, whereas Canadian students in the arts and humanities, and life and social sciences were less engaged than their peers. This large-scale quantitative comparative study provides insights and recommendations for future crossnational comparisons in higher education.
UV Screening in Native and Non-native Plant Species in the Tropical Alpine: Implications for Climate Change-Driven Migration of Species to Higher Elevations

Ongoing changes in Earth’s climate are shifting the elevation ranges of many plant species with non-native species often experiencing greater expansion into higher elevations than native species. These climate change-induced shifts in distributions inevitably expose plants to novel biotic and abiotic environments, including altered solar ultraviolet (UV)-B (280–315 nm) radiation regimes. Do the greater migration potentials of non-native species into higher elevations imply that they have more effective UV-protective mechanisms than native species? In this study, we surveyed leaf epidermal UV-A transmittance (TUV A) in a diversity of plant species representing different growth forms to test whether native and non-native species growing above 2800 m elevation on Mauna Kea, Hawaii differed in their UV screening capabilities. We further compared the degree to which TUV A varied along an elevation gradient in the native shrub Vaccinium reticulatum and the introduced forb Verbascum thapsus to evaluate whether these species differed in their abilities to adjust their levels of UV screening in response to elevation changes in UV-B. For plants growing in the Mauna Kea alpine/upper subalpine, we found that adaxial TUV A, measured with a UVA-PAM fluorometer, varied significantly among species but did not differ between native (mean = 6.0%; n = 8) and non-native (mean = 5.8%; n = 11) species. When data were pooled across native and non-native taxa, we also found no significant effect of growth form on TUV A, though woody plants (shrubs and trees) were represented solely by native species whereas herbaceous growth forms (grasses and forbs) were dominated by non-native species. Along an elevation gradient spanning 2600–3800 m, TUV A was variable (mean range = 6.0–11.2%) and strongly correlated with elevation and relative biologically effective UV-B in the exotic V. thapsus; however, TUV A was consistently low (3%) and did not vary with elevation in the native V. reticulatum. Results indicate that high levels of UV protection occur in both native and non-native species in this high UV-B tropical alpine environment, and that flexibility in UV screening is a mechanism employed by some, but not all species to cope with varying solar UV-B exposures along elevation gradients.
Phenomena generated by splitter plates on low-voltage electric arc dynamics

The breaking of an electric arc is obtained by its lengthening, its splitting up and its cooling in the quenching chamber made up of fins called splitters. However, the latter sometimes have unwanted effects. The presented study deals with the phenomena generated by their presence and their influence on the arc behaviour. The arc is observed thanks to a tool called "magnetic camera" based on the measurement of the magnetic field outside the device. For a given time, the magnetic picture allows the reconstitution of the average current line that represents the arc. Several tests were carried out with a quenching chamber consisting of iron splitters and prospective peak currents varying from 1370 A to 6300 A. Two configurations of positioning were studied. The first one consists in putting three tilted splitters located at the same level; the second one is made up of four splitters, each with a shifted position compared to the others. Other parameters are also analyzed: arc voltage, current limiting, thermal stress, energy, break time. In general, the arc enters the quenching chamber where it is split. However, for high currents, it does not put out quickly after penetrating the splitters but oscillates for a few moments in front of them.
Procedural approach to macroeconomic policy analysis: content and application

The article under consideration gives prominence to the analysis of macroeconomic policy as a specific area of expertise. It specifies the content of procedural approach to the analysis of macroeconomic policy performance. It defines the applicability of the procedural approach to its basic element, i.e. the policy problem analysis, by the example of two problems, which have acquired urgent topicality in the Ukrainian economics and politics in 2015-2016. It refers to the problems regarding the changes to the Tax Code and power industry pricing pattern. The article substantiates the expediency of a combination of the procedural approach and policy analysis approaches, such as macroeconomic stability assessment approach, benchmarking approach and the Governance concept. It explains the importance of policymakers argumentation analysis for its problems structuring.
Psychobiologic Predictors of Disease Mortality After Psychological Trauma: Implications for Research and Clinical Surveillance

Research has suggested that exposure to traumatic events can result in adverse health outcomes. However, the reasons for this are unclear. We examined psychobiologic factors associated with disease mortality among a community-based sample of 4462 male veterans 30 years after military service, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cell (WBC) count, and cortisol/dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (cortisol/DHEA-s) ratio. In the study, 56% (n = 2490) were theater veterans who served in Vietnam and 44% (n = 1972) era veterans who served elsewhere. During baseline in 1985, 10.2% of theater and 3.4% of era veterans had current PTSD. At follow-up in 2000, 13.6% of men with current baseline PTSD were deceased, compared with 5% without PTSD. Analyses suggested that having PTSD, a high ESR, a high WBC count, and a high cortisol/DHEA-s ratio at baseline were associated with all-cause disease mortality at follow-up. With the exception of cortisol/DHEA-s ratio, these factors also predicted cardiovascular mortality. Depression was not consistently associated with mortality, once other factors were controlled. Noteworthy was that having PTSD had an impact on mortality nearly comparable to common indicators of disease in medicine, such as an ESR >65 mm/h and a WBC count >11,000 mm3. This study suggests that the morbidity associated with PTSD may be comparable to laboratory measures of disease pathology in common use and warrants further investigation and surveillance among at risk populations.
On the Core Values of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Universal Values

In the time of economic globalization and political multi-polarization,the pursuit of universal value is a common topic for human.Building core values of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the demand of the era for China.Universal values and core values of socialism with Chinese characteristics are both conflict and blending as well as both mutual relate and different between each other.They are the relationship of general and specific.It is significant for the construction of China's modernization to handle the relationship between the two values,to construct and form the core values of socialism with Chinese characteristics and to make it more attractive and cohesive.