Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Loss Function for CNN Classifier Based on Predefined Evenly-Distributed Class Centroids

With the development of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in recent years, the network structure has become more and more complex and varied, and has achieved very good results in pattern recognition, image classification, object detection and tracking. For CNNs used for image classification, in addition to the network structure, more and more researches focus on the improvement of the loss function, so as to enlarge the inter-class feature differences, and reduce the intra-class feature variations as soon as possible. Besides the traditional Softmax, typical loss functions include L-Softmax, AM-Softmax, ArcFace, and Center loss, etc. Based on the concept of predefined evenly-distributed class centroids (PEDCC) in CSAE network, this paper proposes a PEDCC-based loss function called PEDCC-Loss, which can make the inter-class distance maximal and intra-class distance small enough in latent feature space. Multiple experiments on image classification and face recognition have proved that our method achieve the best recognition accuracy, and network training is stable and easy to converge. Code is available in https://github.com/ZLeopard/PEDCC-Loss
Chromatin accessibility regulates intron retention in 1 a cell type-specific manner 2

20 Background: The phenomenon of widespread and dynamic intron retention (IR) programs in cells of 21 vertebrate species has recently gained increasing attention. It has been shown that IR is involved in a 22 multitude of cell-physiological processes, while aberrant IR profiles have been associated with 23 numerous human diseases including several cancers. 24 Gap: Despite consistent reports about intrinsic sequence features that predispose introns to become 25 retained, conflicting findings about cell type or condition-specific IR regulation by trans -regulatory and 26 epigenetic mechanisms demand an unbiased and systematic analysis of IR in a controlled experimental 27 setting. 28 Methods: We integrated matched mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq), whole genome bisulfite sequencing 29 (WGBS), methylome (NOMe-Seq), and chromatin 30 immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) data from primary human myeloid and lymphoid cells. 31 Using these multi-omics data and machine learning we trained two complementary models to determine 32 the role of epigenetic factors in the regulation of IR in cells of the innate immune system. 33 Results: Our results show that intrinsic characteristics are key for introns to evade splicing and that 34 some epigenetic marks are associated with IR. However, cell type-specific IR profiles are largely 35 marked by changes in chromatin accessibility, whereby predisposed introns in permissive chromatin 36 regions are more likely to be retained. 37 Conclusion: This study demonstrates the important role of chromatin architecture in IR regulation. Our 38 results have profound implications for the analysis of other forms of alternative splicing as well. Since 39 an increasing number of studies describe pathogenic alterations in splicing regulation and novel 40 therapeutic approaches that target aberrant splicing, our findings will inform the development of novel 41 epigenetic therapies.
On the conditions for existence and continuity of fractional velocity

H\"older functions represent mathematical models of nonlinear physical phenomena. This work investigates the general conditions of existence of fractional velocity as a localized generalization of ordinary derivative with regard to the exponent order. Fractional velocity is defined as the limit of the difference quotient of the function's increment and the difference of its argument raised to a fractional power. A relationship to the point-wise H\"older exponent of a function, its point-wise oscillation and the existence of fractional velocity is established. It is demonstrated that wherever the fractional velocity of non-integral order is continuous then it vanishes. The work further demonstrates the use of fractional velocity as a tool for characterization of the discontinuity set of the derivatives of functions thus providing a natural characterization of strongly non-linear local behavior. Finally the equivalence with the Kolwankar-Gangal local fractional derivative is investigated.
ON THE FRACTION OF BARRED SPIRAL GALAXIES

We investigate the stellar masses of strongly barred spiral galaxies. Our analysis is based on a sample of ∼14,000 visually classified nearby galaxies given by Nair & Abraham. The fraction of barred spiral galaxies is found to be a strong function of stellar mass and star formation history, with a minimum near the characteristic mass at which bimodality is seen in the stellar populations of galaxies. We also find that bar fractions are very sensitive to the central concentration of galaxies below the transition mass but not above it. This suggests that whatever process is causing the creation of the red and blue sequences is either influencing, or being influenced by, structural changes which manifest themselves in the absence of bars. As a consequence of strong bar fractions being sensitive to the mass range probed, our analysis helps resolve discrepant results on the reported evolution of bar fractions with redshift.
Makerspace Network Analysis for Identifying Student Demographic Usage 6th International Symposium on Academic Makerspaces

Samuel Blair1, Garrett Hairston2, Henry Banks3, Julie Linsey4 , and Astrid Layton5 1Samuel Blair; Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Texas A&M University; samuelblair4@tamu.edu 2Garrett Hairston; Dept. of Mechanical Eng. Texas A&M University; garretthairston@tamu.edu 3Henry Banks; Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Georgia Institute of Technology; hbanks6@gatech.edu 4Dr. Julie Linsey; Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Georgia Institute of Technology; jlinsey3@gatech.edu 5Dr. Astrid Layton; Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Texas A&M University; alayton@tamu.edu
LINE PROFILES OF CORES WITHIN CLUSTERS. I. THE ANATOMY OF A FILAMENT

Observations are revealing the ubiquity of filamentary structures in molecular clouds. As cores are often embedded in filaments, it is important to understand how line profiles from such systems differ from those of isolated cores. We perform radiative transfer calculations on a hydrodynamic simulation of a molecular cloud in order to model line emission from collapsing cores embedded in filaments. We model two optically thick lines, CS(2–1) and HCN(1–0), and one optically thin line, N2H+(1–0), from three embedded cores. In the hydrodynamic simulation, gas self-gravity, turbulence, and bulk flows create filamentary regions within which cores form. Though the filaments have large dispersions, the N2H+(1–0) lines indicate subsonic velocities within the cores. We find that the observed optically thick line profiles of CS(2–1) and HCN(1–0) vary drastically with viewing angle. In over 50% of viewing angles, there is no sign of a blue asymmetry, an idealized signature of infall motions in an isolated spherical collapsing core. Profiles that primarily trace the cores, with little contribution from the surrounding filament, are characterized by a systematically higher HCN(1–0) peak intensity. The N2H+(1–0) lines do not follow this trend. We demonstrate that red asymmetric profiles are also feasible in the optically thick lines, due to emission from the filament or one-sided accretion flows onto the core. We conclude that embedded cores may frequently undergo collapse without showing a blue asymmetric profile, and that observational surveys including filamentary regions may underestimate the number of collapsing cores if based solely on profile shapes of optically thick lines.
Limits of conjugacy classes under iterates of hyperbolic elements of Out($\mathbb F$)

For a free group $\mathbb{F}$ of finite rank such that $\text{rank}(\mathbb{F})\geq 3$, we prove that the set of weak limits of a conjugacy class in $\mathbb{F}$ under iterates of some hyperbolic $\phi\in\mathsf{Out(\mathbb{F})}$ is equal to the collection of generic leaves and singular lines of $\phi$. As an application we describe the ending lamination set for a hyperbolic extension of $\mathbb{F}$ by a hyperbolic subgroup of $\mathsf{Out(\mathbb{F})}$ in a new way and use it to prove results about Cannon-Thurston maps for such extensions. We also use it to derive conditions for quasiconvexity of finitely generated, infinite index subgroups of $\mathbb{F}$ in the extension group. These results generalize similar results obtained by Mahan Mj, Kapovich-Lustig and use different techniques.
Adoptive therapy with amyloid-β specific regulatory T cells alleviates Alzheimer's disease

Rationale: Neuroinflammation is a primary feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), for which an increasing number of drugs have been specifically developed. The present study aimed to define the therapeutic impact of a specific subpopulation of T cells that can suppress excessive inflammation in various immune and inflammatory disorders, namely, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Methods: To generate Aβ antigen-specific Tregs (Aβ+ Tregs), Aβ 1-42 peptide was applied in vivo and subsequent in vitro splenocyte culture. After isolating Tregs by magnetic bead based purification method, Aβ+ Tregs were adoptively transferred into 3xTg-AD mice via tail vein injection. Therapeutic efficacy was confirmed with behavior test, Western blot, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunohistochemistry staining (IHC). In vitro suppression assay was performed to evaluate the suppressive activity of Aβ+ Tregs using flow cytometry. Thy1.1+ Treg trafficking and distribution was analyzed to explore the infused Tregs migration into specific organs in an antigen-driven manner in AD mice. We further assessed cerebral glucose metabolism using 18F-FDG-PET, an imaging approach for AD biological definition. Subsequently, we evaluated the migration of Aβ+ Tregs toward Aβ activated microglia using live cell imaging, chemotaxis, antibody blocking and migration assay. Results: We showed that Aβ-stimulated Tregs inhibited microglial proinflammatory activity and modulated the microglial phenotype via bystander suppression. Single adoptive transfer of Aβ+ Tregs was enough to induce amelioration of cognitive impairments, Aβ accumulation, hyper-phosphorylation of tau, and neuroinflammation during AD pathology. Moreover, Aβ-specific Tregs effectively inhibited inflammation in primary microglia induced by Aβ exposure. It may indicate bystander suppression in which Aβ-specific Tregs promote immune tolerance by secreting cytokines to modulate immune responses during neurodegeneration. Conclusions: The administration of Aβ antigen-specific regulatory T cells may represent a new cellular therapeutic strategy for AD that acts by modulating the inflammatory status in AD.
Overexpression of RCAN1, a Gene on Human Chromosome 21, Alters Cell Redox and Mitochondrial Function in Enamel Cells

The regulator of calcineurin (RCAN1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Down syndrome (DS). Individuals with DS show dental abnormalities for unknown reasons, and RCAN1 levels have been found to be elevated in several tissues of DS patients. A previous microarray analysis comparing cells of the two main formative stages of dental enamel, secretory and maturation, showed a significant increase in RCAN1 expression in the latter. Because the function of RCAN1 during enamel formation is unknown, there is no mechanistic evidence linking RCAN1 with the dental anomalies in individuals with DS. We investigated the role of RCAN1 in enamel by overexpressing RCAN1 in the ameloblast cell line LS8 (LS8+RCAN1). We first confirmed that RCAN1 is highly expressed in maturation stage ameloblasts by qRT-PCR and used immunofluorescence to show its localization in enamel-forming ameloblasts. We then analyzed cell redox and mitochondrial bioenergetics in LS8+RCAN1 cells because RCAN1 is known to impact these processes. We show that LS8+RCAN1 cells have increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased mitochondrial bioenergetics without changes in the expression of the complexes of the electron transport chain, or in NADH levels. However, LS8+RCAN1 cells showed elevated mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and decreased expression of several enamel genes essential for enamel formation. These results provide insight into the role of RCAN1 in enamel and suggest that increased RCAN1 levels in the ameloblasts of individuals with DS may impact enamel formation by altering both the redox environment and mitochondrial function, as well as decreasing the expression of enamel-specific genes.
The Inﬂuence of Miss Anxiety and Extroversion Personality on Enterprises’ Information Push by Artiﬁcial Intelligence Under the Background of Internet Economy is Explored

With the development of Internet technology, social media emerge endlessly. Under the background of information economy, the user of the fragmentation of time by the social media of information and electronic business platform of advertising information, but the enterprise mechanism of artiﬁcial intelligent information push and no classiﬁcation for these users, this leads to user pressure processing information every day, and even affect the user’s mood, then forcing users to exit the use of these applications. In the context of the Internet economy, the push mechanism and big data algorithm of enterprises indirectly affect users’ willingness to use. How to use artiﬁcial intelligence to carry out more accurate marketing and information promotion has become a key issue that enterprises need to solve at present. This paper will explore the moderating effect and internal mechanism of FOMO anxiety and extroversion personality among the big ﬁve personality types on social burnout and users’ persistent use, and explore the situation that users still use social media in the context of social burnout. Through the conclusion of the exploration, enterprises can classify and batch users, and artiﬁcial intelligence can better judge the current social burnout of users, and then moderately push information to users. Combined with the dual concepts of Internet economy and information economy, it provides reference for enterprises to better manage themselves and conduct precision marketing, so that information push can match users’ needs and information processing ability.
The Mineralization of Various 3D-Printed PCL Composites

In this project, different calcification methods for collagen and collagen coatings were compared in terms of their applicability for 3D printing and production of collagen-coated scaffolds. For this purpose, scaffolds were printed from polycaprolactone PCL using the EnvisionTec 3D Bioplotter and then coated with collagen. Four different coating methods were then applied: hydroxyapatite (HA) powder directly in the collagen coating, incubation in 10× SBF, coating with alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and coating with poly-L-aspartic acid. The results were compared by ESEM, µCT, TEM, and EDX. HA directly in the collagen solution resulted in a pH change and thus an increase in viscosity, leading to clumping on the scaffolds. As a function of incubation time in 10× SBF as well as in ALP, HA layer thickness increased, while no coating on the collagen layer was apparently observed with poly-L-aspartic acid. Only ultrathin sections and TEM with SuperEDX detected nano crystalline HA in the collagen layer. Exclusively the incubation in poly-L-aspartic acid led to HA crystals within the collagen coating compared to all other methods where the HA layers formed in different forms only at the collagen layer.
Equity Impacts of the London Congestion Charging Scheme: An Empirical Evaluation Using Synthetic Control Methods

Congestion pricing has been long-believed to effectively regulate traffic in urban city centers. Practical implementations of such policies have been hindered by concerns that they would disproportionately and adversely affect low-income groups. This paper analyzes the impacts of two price increases to the congestion charge on different income groups in Central London, making use of the synthetic control method to leverage empirical data from the UK National Travel Survey. We estimate that the highest income earners contributed to more of the revenue than the lowest income earners, making the scheme progressive in the scale of its equity impact. Although high-income travelers appeared to drop more charge-eligible trips as the price increased, their total trips to Central London did not decrease, suggesting that they were able to substitute with non-chargeable modes of travel. Low-income travelers saw large declines across both chargeable and non-chargeable modes, revealing a much lower rate of substitution. The low-income group responded more to the 2011 price increase than the 2014 one, demonstrating the diminishing ability of subsequent price increases to regulate demand.
Analytical expression for a post-quench time evolution of the one-body density matrix of one-dimensional hard-core bosons

We apply the logic of the quench action to give an exact analytical expression for the time evolution of the one-body density matrix after an interaction quench in the Lieb–Liniger model from the ground state of the free theory (BEC state) to the infinitely repulsive regime. In this limit there exists a mapping between the bosonic wavefuntions and the free fermionic ones but this does not help the computation of the one-body density matrix which is sensitive to particle statistics. The final expression, given in terms of the difference of two Fredholm Pfaffians, can be numerically evaluated and is valid in the thermodynamic limit and for all times after the quench.
Interaction of fast charged projectiles with two-dimensional electron gas: Interaction and disorder effects

The results of a theoretical investigation on the stopping power of ions moving in a disordered two-dimensional degenerate electron gas are presented. The stopping power for an ion is calculated employing linear response theory using the dielectric function approach. The disorder, which leads to a damping of plasmons and quasiparticles in the electron gas, is taken into account through a relaxation time approximation in the linear response function. The stopping power for an ion is calculated in both the low- and high-velocity limits. In order to highlight the effects of damping we present a comparison of our analytical and numerical results, in the case of point-like ions, obtained for a non-zero damping with those for a vanishing damping. It is shown that the equipartition sum rule first formulated by Lindhard and Winther for three-dimensional degenerate electron gas does not necessarily hold in two-dimensions. We have generalized this rule introducing an effective dielectric function. In addition some new results for two-dimensional interacting electron gas have been obtained. In this case the exchange-correlation interactions of electrons are considered via local-field-corrected dielectric function.
Using Mussel Transcriptomics for Environmental Monitoring in Port Valdez, Alaska: 2019 and 2020 Pilot Study Results

compared Our results show that the highest levels of transcription in gill tissues of the three genes are found in mussels sampled at GoC in 2019 (the yellow cube closest to the axes origin). The lowest levels of transcription for each of the genes is found in mussels sampled in PWS, LACL, and KATM (blue pyramids), while transcription of remaining LTEMP samples fell into the higher transcription range.
Approximate controllability of the Jaynes-Cummings dynamics

We investigate the controllability of the Jaynes-Cummings dynamics in the resonant and nearly resonant regime. We analyze two different types of control operators acting on the bosonic part, corresponding - in the application to cavity QED - to an external electric and magnetic field, respectively. We prove approximate controllability for these models, for all values of the coupling constant g except those in a countable set S which is explicitly characterized in the statement. The proof relies on a spectral analysis which yields the non-resonance of the spectrum for every real g which is not in S.
Endometrial decidualization status modulates endometrial perivascular complexity and 2 trophoblast outgrowth in gelatin hydrogels Engineered niche

49 The endometrium undergoes rapid cycles of vascular growth, remodeling, and breakdown 50 during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Decidualization is an endometrial 51 differentiation process driven by steroidal sex hormones that is critical for blastocyst- 52 uterine interfacing and blastocyst implantation. Certain pregnancy disorders may be linked 53 to decidualization processes. However, much remains unknown regarding the role of 54 decidualization and reciprocal trophoblast-endometrial interactions on endometrial 55 angiogenesis and trophoblast invasion. Here, we report an artificial endometrial 56 perivascular niche embedded in gelatin methacrylol hydrogels that displays morphological 57 and functional patterns of decidualization. We show vessel complexity and soluble factor 58 secretion are sensitive to decidualization and affect trophoblast motility. Importantly, we 59 demonstrate the engineered perivascular niche can be combined with epithelial cultures to 60 form a stratified endometrial model. This artificial perivascular niche provides a well- 61 characterized platform to investigate dynamic changes in angiogenesis in response to 62 pathological and physiological endometrial states. 63 an endometrial vessel model to understand endometrial vasculature cycle p p and p =0.011, respectively. These findings suggest that soluble factors from perivascular cultures increase trophoblast outgrowth for non-decidualized and decidualized conditions with P4 compared to the control condition. However, trophoblast outgrowth was We cell The of 23-25 stromal cells, endothelial cells form endothelial last only and fall apart over time, consistent with our results from our tube formation assay. We identified 2:1 ratio of endothelial to stromal cells allowed for 20+ days of culture. Our studies suggest that reduced initial stromal cell density may be more conducive to perivascular stability, likely due to the contractile nature of stromal cells which can cause the hydrogel cultures to contract and disintegrate over time, a result consistent with other reports in the literature 27 our in vitro
A Discretization Traceability System for Food Risk Based on Blockchain and Health Code

Inviewoftheopacityofthefoodsupplychainandpotentialfoodsafety issues, many companies and scientists suggest building traceability system (TS) to monitor food safety. However, the most of TSs are not very active caused by the low participation of enterprises and consumers. This paper proposes a collaborative food health traceability model to share the risk information of traceability products, improve the degree of freedom of related traceability through decentralized supply chain processes, and introduce the health code mechanism to set up a risk inspection rule. The results show that the traceability platform can increase the ﬂexibility of companies to participate in traceability and the strength of data protection, and can improve the level of risk detection for consumers. In particular, the platform can alleviate the pressure of scarce regulatory resources. And in the case of problematic products, it can prevent secondary damage caused by related products in time, thereby improving user experience and platform activity.