Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diabetes and the Prostate: Elevated Fasting Glucose, Insulin Resistance and Higher Levels of Adrenal Steroids in Prostate Cancer

Although epidemiological studies suggest a lower prostate cancer incidence rate in patients with type 2 diabetes, cancer survival is markedly reduced. Underlying mechanisms that connect the two diseases are still unclear. Potential links between type 2 diabetes and prostate cancer are hallmarks of the metabolic syndrome, such as hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Therefore, we explored the systemic metabolism of 103 prostate cancer patients with newly diagnosed and yet untreated prostate cancer compared to 107 healthy controls, who were carefully matched for age and BMI. Here, we report that patients with prostate cancer display higher fasting blood glucose levels and insulin resistance, without changes in insulin secretion. With respect to lipid metabolism, serum triglyceride levels were lower in patients with prostate cancer. In addition, we report increased adrenal steroid biosynthesis in these patients. Our results indicate that higher fasting glucose levels in patients with prostate cancer may be explained at least in part by insulin resistance, due to the enhanced synthesis of adrenal steroids.
AIDM-Strat: Augmented Illegal Dumping Monitoring Strategy through Deep Neural Network-Based Spatial Separation Attention of Garbage

Economic and social progress in the Republic of Korea resulted in an increased standard of living, which subsequently produced more waste. The Korean government implemented a volume-based trash disposal system that may modify waste disposal characteristics to handle vast volumes of waste efficiently. However, the inconvenience of having to purchase standard garbage bags on one’s own led to passive participation by citizens and instances of illegally dumping waste in non-standard plastic bags. As a result, there is a need for the development of automatic detection and reporting of illegal acts of garbage dumping. To achieve this, we suggest a system for tracking unlawful rubbish disposal that is based on deep neural networks. The proposed monitoring approach obtains the articulation points (joints) of a dumper through OpenPose and identifies the type of garbage bag through the object detection model, You Only Look Once (YOLO), to determine the distance of the dumper’s wrist to the garbage bag and decide whether it is illegal dumping. Additionally, we introduced a method of tracking the IDs issued to the waste bags using the multi-object tracking (MOT) model to reduce the false detection of illegal dumping. To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed illegal dumping monitoring system, we compared it with the other systems based on behavior recognition. As a result, it was validated that the suggested approach had a higher degree of accuracy and a lower percentage of false alarms, making it useful for a variety of upcoming applications.
Large-scale cosmological perturbations on the brane

In brane-world cosmologies of Randall-Sundrum type, we show that the evolution of large-scale curvature perturbations may be determined on the brane, without solving the bulk perturbation equations. The influence of the bulk gravitational field on the brane is felt through a projected Weyl tensor which behaves effectively like an imperfect radiation fluid with anisotropic stress. We define curvature perturbations on uniform density surfaces for both the matter and Weyl fluids, and show that their evolution on large scales follows directly from the energy conservation equations for each fluid. The total curvature perturbation is not necessarily constant for adiabatic matter perturbations, but can change due to the Weyl entropy perturbation. To relate this curvature perturbation to the longitudinal gauge metric potentials requires knowledge of the Weyl anisotropic stress which is not determined by the equations on the brane. We discuss the implications for large-angle anisotropies on the cosmic microwave background sky.
The discovery of a new type of upper atmospheric variability in the rapidly oscillating Ap stars with VLT high‐resolution spectroscopy★

In a high-resolution spectroscopic survey of rapidly oscillating Ap (roAp) stars with the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph on the Very Large Telescope of the European Southern Observatory, we find that almost all stars show significant variation of the radial velocity amplitudes - on a time-scale of a few pulsation cycles - for lines of the rare earth ion Pr III and in the core of the Ha line. These variations in the radial velocity amplitudes are described by new frequencies in the amplitude spectra that are not seen in broad-band photometric studies of the same stars. The Pr III lines form high in the atmosphere of these stars at continuum optical depths of log τ 5000 < -5 and tend to be concentrated towards the magnetic poles in many stars, and the core of the Ha line forms at continuum optical depths -5 ≤ log τ 5000 ≤ -2, whereas the photometry samples the atmosphere on average at continuum optical depths closer to log τ 5000 = 0 and averages over the visible hemisphere of the star. Therefore, there are three possible explanations for the newly discovered frequencies: (1) there are modes with nodes near to the level where the photometry samples that can be easily detected at the higher level of formation of the Pr III lines; or (2) there are higher degree, l, non-radial oblique pulsation modes that are detectable in the spectroscopy because the Pr III is concentrated towards the magnetic poles where such modes have their highest amplitudes, but average out over the visible hemisphere in the photometry which samples the star's surface more uniformly; or (3) there is significant growth and decay of the principal mode amplitudes on a time-scale of just a few pulsation cycles at the high level of formation of the Pr III lines and core of the Ha line. The third hypothesis implies that this level is within the magneto-acoustic boundary layer where energy is being dissipated by both outward acoustic running waves and inward magnetic slow waves. We suggest observations that can distinguish among these three possibilities. We propose that strong changes in pulsation phase seen with atmospheric height in roAp stars, in some cases more than n rad from the top to the bottom of a single spectral line, strongly affect the pulsation phases seen in photometry in various bandpasses which explains why phase differences between bandpasses for roAp stars have never been explicable with standard theories that assume single spherical harmonics within the observable atmosphere. We also discuss the photometric amplitude variations as a function of bandpass, and suggest that these are primarily caused by continuum variations, rather than by variability in the rare earth element lines. We propose further tests of this suggestion.
Radiative decay of a long-lived particle and big-bang nucleosynthesis

The effects of radiatively decaying, long-lived particles on big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) are discussed. If high-energy photons are emitted after BBN, they may change the abundances of the light elements through photodissociation processes, which may result in a significant discrepancy between the BBN theory and observation. We calculate the abundances of the light elements, including the effects of photodissociation induced by a radiatively decaying particle, but neglecting the hadronic branching ratio. Using these calculated abundances, we derive a constraint on such particles by comparing our theoretical results with observations. Taking into account the recent controversies regarding the observations of the light-element abundances, we derive constraints for various combinations of the measurements. We also discuss several models which predict such radiatively decaying particles, and we derive constraints on such models. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
Identification of the magnetic cloud boundary layers

Based on a statistical analysis of the boundary physical states of 80 magnetic clouds reported in the literature from the years 1969 to 2001, we suggest a new identification of the magnetic cloud boundary by describing it as front and tail boundary layers (BLs) formed through the interaction between the magnetic cloud and the ambient medium. In our identification the outer boundary of the layer often displays the properties of magnetic reconnection, which could be characterized by a "three-high state'' ( relatively high proton temperature, high proton density, and high plasma beta) and the corresponding magnetic signatures ( the intensity drop and the abrupt azimuthal changes, Deltaphi similar to 180degrees, and latitudinal changes, Deltatheta similar to 90degrees, in the magnetic field). The inner boundary of the layer exhibits a "three-low state'' ( relatively low proton temperature, low proton density, and low plasma beta) and separates the magnetic cloud body, which has not basically been affected by the interactions, from the boundary layers. The front boundary layer could be associated with the outer loops of CMEs and its average time scale is 1.7 hours; the tail boundary layer seems not be a filament and its average time scale is 3.1 hours. The distribution function of magnetic fluctuations in the boundary layer is significantly different from those in the ambient solar wind and the cloud body itself. The preliminary numerical simulation in principle confirms this new identification and could qualitatively explain most of the observations of the cloud boundary. This work could help partly overcome some inconsistencies in identifying the boundaries of magnetic clouds.
Edge states and the quantized Hall effect in graphene

We study edges states of graphene ribbons in the quantized Hall regime, and show that they can be described within a continuum model (the Dirac equation) when appropriate boundary conditions are adopted. The two simplest terminations, zigzag and armchair edges, are studied in detail. For zigzag edges, we find that the lowest Landau level states terminate in two types of edge states, dispersionless and current-carrying surface states. The latter involve components on different sublattices that may be separated by distances far greater than the magnetic length. For armchair edges, the boundary conditions are met by admixing states from different valleys, and we show that this leads to a single set of edges states for the lowest Landau level and two sets for all higher Landau levels. In both cases, the resulting Hall conductance step for the lowest Landau level is half that between higher Landau levels, as observed in experiment.
Designing response surface model based Run by Run controllers: a new approach

This paper presents a framework for carrying out robust Run by Run (RbR) control via a set-theoretic approach. In particular the RbR controller developed tries to minimize the worst case performance of the plant. This gives us a methodology to handle uncertainty. An interesting consequence of using the set valued approach is that now we can relax the assumptions made on the statistics of the noise. Hence, we can also deal with non-Gaussian and correlated noise. We provide results comparing the performance of the controller to a recursive least squares based controller.
Testing different 3D techniques using geometric morphometrics: Implications for cranial fluctuating asymmetry in humans

Abstract This study aimed to test the performance of 3D digitizer, CT scanner, and surface scanner in detecting cranial fluctuating asymmetry. Sets of 32 landmarks (6 in the midline and 13 bilateral) were acquired from 14 archeological crania using a 3D digitizer, and from 3D models generated from a CT scanner and surface scanner using Viewbox 4. Levels of shape variation were analyzed in MorphoJ using Procrustes analysis of variance and Principal component analysis. Intra‐observer error accounted for 1.7%, 1.8%, and 4.5% of total shape variation for 3D digitizer, CT scanner, and surface scanner respectively. Fluctuating asymmetry accounted for 15%–16% of total shape variation. Variation between techniques accounted for 18% of total shape variation. We found a higher level of missing landmarks in our surface scan data than for both 3D digitizer and CT scanner data, and both 3D model‐based techniques sometimes obscured taphonomic damage. All three 3D techniques are appropriate for measuring cranial fluctuating asymmetry. We advise against combining data collected with different techniques.
Why is impact measurement abandoned in practice? Evidence use in evaluation and contracting for five European Social Impact Bonds

Despite broad consensus on the importance of measuring “impact,” the term is not always understood as estimating counterfactual and causal estimates. We examine a type of public sector financing, “Social Impact Bonds,” a scheme where investors front money for public services, with repayment conditional on impact. We examine five cases in four European countries of Social Impact Bonds financing active labor market programs, testing the claim that Social Impact Bonds would move counterfactual causal impact evaluation to the heart of policy. We examine first how evidence was integrated in contracts, second the overall evidence generated and third, given that neither contracts nor evaluations used counterfactual definitions of impact, we explore stakeholders’ perspectives to better understand the reasons why. We find that although most stakeholders wanted the Social Impact Bonds to generate impact estimates, beliefs about public service reform, incentives, and the logic of experimentation led to the acceptance of non-causal definitions.
Enhancing Employee Engagement in Indonesian Logistics and Forwarders Industry: The Moderating Role of a Democratic Leadership Style

The quality of employee skills and job commitments, measured based on their retention, is essential in the current rapidly changing technological world. This study aimed to identify the influences of corporate governance (CG), internal control (IC), and corporate reputation (CR) on employee engagement (EE) with democratic leadership style as the moderating variable. Data from 276 companies with 606 respondents were collected using a Google form questionnaire sent to logistics companies that are members of the Indonesian Logistics and Forwarders Association (ILFA) and analyzed using the Partial Least Square–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS–SEM) with the help of SmartPLS 4.0. 7.8 software. The results showed that corporate governance, reputation, and internal control positively influence employee engagement. Furthermore, the democratic leadership style does not strengthen the effects of corporate governance, internal control, and corporate reputation on employee engagement. This implies that leaders of the Indonesian logistics and forwarders industry should find a more suitable leadership style for their respective organizations because democratic leadership may not always be the best choice.
Dipole anisotropy in cosmic electrons and positrons: inspection on local sources

The cosmic electrons and positrons have been measured with unprecedented statistics up to several hundreds GeV, thus permitting to explore the role that close single sources can have in shaping the flux at different energies. In the present analysis, we consider electrons and positrons in cosmic rays to be produced by spallations of hadron fluxes with the interstellar medium, by a smooth Supernova Remnant (SNR) population, by all the ATNF catalog pulsars, and by few discrete, local SNRs. We test several source models on the e++e− and e+ AMS-02 flux data. For the configurations compatible with the data, we compute the dipole anisotropy in e++e−, e+, e+/e− from single sources. Our study includes a dedicated analysis to the Vela SNR. We show that Fermi-LAT present data on dipole anisotropy of e++e− start to explore some of the models for the Vela SNR selected by AMS-02 flux data. We also investigate how the observed anisotropy could result from a combination of local sources. Our analysis shows that the search of anisotropy in the lepton fluxes up to TeV energies can be an interesting tool for the inspection of properties of close SNRs, complementary to the high precision flux data.
COVID or VOID: A systematic literature review of technology adoption and acceptance in hospitality and tourism since the breakout of COVID-19

The purpose of this study was twofold. The first goal was to review and synthesize research pertaining to ‘technology acceptance and COVID-19’ from the years 2020, 2021, and early August 2022 in the realm of hospitality and tourism. The second goal was to dwell on the relevant technology adoption studies in order to provide a critical analysis and extract insights for future research theoretically and practically. A systematic literature review was performed. Findings indicate that some constructs were not properly used like perceived enjoyment and some constructs were overlooked like perceived interaction. Additionally, besides technology features, the characteristics of consumers need to be investigated to reveal the true underpinnings of the technology adoption behavioral process. However, inquiries regarding consumers’ traits need to be expanded beyond basic demographics (e.g. age and gender). The paper systematically garnered technology acceptance research from the COVID-19 era in order to provide insights for future research directions in the post-COVID era. This work identified a lack of consensus over the theoretical underpinnings of technology acceptance research among tourism hospitality researchers. The study revealed the narrow research lenses focusing on particular empirical domains, mainly hotels, restaurants, and museums, and overlooking other contexts (e.g. airports, stations, within-city transportation, and events).
Strongly lensed SNe Ia in the era of LSST: observing cadence for lens discoveries and time-delay measurements

The upcoming Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will detect many strongly lensed Type Ia supernovae (LSNe Ia) for time-delay cosmography. This will provide an independent and direct way for measuring the Hubble constant H0, which is necessary to address the current 4. 4σ tension in H0 between the local distance ladder and the early Universe measurements. We present a detailed analysis of different observing strategies (also referred to as cadence strategy) for the LSST, and quantify their impact on time-delay measurement between multiple images of LSNe Ia. For this, we simulated observations by using mock LSNe Ia for which we produced mock-LSST light curves that account for microlensing. Furthermore, we used the free-knot splines estimator from the software PyCS to measure the time delay from the simulated observations. We find that using only LSST data for time-delay cosmography is not ideal. Instead, we advocate using LSST as a discovery machine for LSNe Ia, enabling time delay measurements from follow-up observations from other instruments in order to increase the number of systems by a factor of 2–16 depending on the observing strategy. Furthermore, we find that LSST observing strategies, which provide a good sampling frequency (the mean inter-night gap is around two days) and high cumulative season length (ten seasons with a season length of around 170 days per season), are favored. Rolling cadences subdivide the survey and focus on different parts in different years; these observing strategies trade the number of seasons for better sampling frequency. In our investigation, this leads to half the number of systems in comparison to the best observing strategy. Therefore rolling cadences are disfavored because the gain from the increased sampling frequency cannot compensate for the shortened cumulative season length. We anticipate that the sample of lensed SNe Ia from our preferred LSST cadence strategies with rapid follow-up observations would yield an independent percent-level constraint on H0.
Exploring the feasibility of using the soil temperature to identify preferential and lateral subsurface flows

Soil temperature can be influenced by rapidly infiltrating water. Deviations from a uniform soil heat distribution could result from vertical preferential flow (VPF) and lateral subsurface flow (LSF) events. The objective was to identify the effect of infiltration on the soil temperature time series in a lysimeter with forced vertical movement and that in a sloping field to distinguish between VPF and LSF. Wavelet coherence analysis (WCA) was used to analyze soil temperature time series measured in a Colluvic Regosol close to the surface (15‐cm depth) and below (80‐cm depth) in a horizon with possible LSF occurrence. The soil temperatures in these depths were correlated at a daily scale reflecting diurnal fluctuations of air temperatures. A correlation at a monthly scale was similar to the periodicity in the wavelet spectrum of the precipitation from May through October 2015. In this period, soil temperatures at 80‐cm depth changed faster in the lysimeter than in the field, indicating a dominating infiltration‐induced vertical heat movement in the lysimeter. When assuming a temperature‐dampening effect in the sloping field soil by laterally moving temperature‐equilibrated soil water, observed deviations in soil temperature profiles between lysimeter and field could be indicative for LSF in the field. However, LSF occurrence could only be verified by soil water content measurements for single rainfall events in October and May. The analysis was useful to identify qualitatively relevant events in a time series. For quantitative analysis, soil moisture data need to be considered.
Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia in a Child: A Case Report of Palliative Chemotherapy and Literature Review Applied to Limited Resources Centers

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a rare hematopoietic malignancy in children, with an incidence of 1.2 per million children per year. At this moment, we present a case report and a brief literature review of JMML in a child, primarily focused on its applicability in low-middle income countries. A 3.5-year-old male was referred to our tertiary center due to pallor, enlarging abdomen and neck mass, recurrent fever, and chronic diarrhea. Initial laboratory workup showed hemoglobin of 6.4 g/dl, white blood cell of 315.62 × 103/μL, and platelet of 17 × 103/μL. Blood smears showed 10% suspected blasts, 17% myelocytes, and 17% metamyelocytes with thrombocytopenic crisis. The HbF level was 5.8%. BCR-ABL gene tested negative. The patient was diagnosed with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Considering that HSCT could not be done in our center and lack other financial possibilities to seek treatment abroad, the family agreed to do the palliative treatment. The patient was treated with oral 6-mercaptopurine and subcutaneous cytarabine. Four weeks after receiving 6-mercaptopurine, the white blood cell count decreased to 10.6 × 103/μL and the spleen size was half of the original size. The patient continued chemotherapy until week 15, chemotherapy was stopped, but 16 weeks after the diagnosis of JMML, he developed severe thrombocytopenia, endophthalmitis, and sepsis and passed away. As a conclusion, in JMML cases in developing countries without HSCT, palliative chemotherapy is acceptable, and palliative care is an important aspect.
Simulating colloid hydrodynamics with lattice Boltzmann methods

We present a progress report on our work on lattice Boltzmann methods for colloidal suspensions. We focus on the treatment of colloidal particles in binary solvents and on the inclusion of thermal noise. For a benchmark problem of colloids sedimenting and becoming trapped by capillary forces at a horizontal interface between two fluids, we discuss the criteria for parameter selection, and address the inevitable compromise between computational resources and simulation accuracy.