Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Republicanism in a modern world

Acknowledgements. Introduction -- Republicanism(s). Chapter 1 -- Ideal of Polity. introduction. ancient liberty vs. modern liberty. positive and negative liberty. neo--Roman republican liberty. instrumental republicanism. conclusion. notes. Chapter 2 -- Modern Republicanism: Liberty as Nondomination. introduction. instrumental republicanism revisited. three advantages associated with freedom as nondomination. modern republican instrumental goods constitute liberty as nondomination. the two powers of modern republicanism and personal self--development. conclusion. notes. Chapter 3 -- The Challenge of the Cultural Marketplace: Modern Republicanism and the Neutral State. introduction. liberalism and republicanism: friends or allies. autonomy, individualism, and civic virtue. modern republicanism and state neutrality. the republican a psychologya of civic virtue. social or state perfectionism. against state perfectionism. modern republican state perfectionism. republican quasi--perfectionism: threat or enhancement? conclusion. notes. Chapter 4 -- Without Regret: The Comprehensive Nature of Nondomination. introduction. political liberalism and the a Idea of Public Reasona . constraint, regret, and overspill. modern republicanism: comprehensive or political? modern republicanism and neutrality of aim. tracking values and the wide view of public reason. splitting the spheres. conclusion. notes. Chapter 5 -- Factions and Diversity: A Modern Republican Dilemma. introduction. discord and diversity: the life and death of the republic. civil discord and stability: Machiavellia s break with the past. Rome vs. Florence. legitimate difference and diversity. good laws and institutions. coping with pluralism. lessons from Machiavelli. is a modern republican account of pluralism possible? respecting the a othera . conclusion. notes. Chapter 6 -- Modern Republicanism and Democratic Contestatory Institutions. introduction. democracy and republican technology. neo--Roman republican technology: classical and modern. modern democratic contestation. nondomination and contestation. nondominating processes and outcomes:. democratic contestation. objections to modern republican democratic contestation. conclusion. notes. Chapter 7 -- Modern Republican Civic Education and Social Norms. introduction. educating the republic. liberal approaches to civic education. a modern republican approach to civic education. modern republican social norms. nondomination as a social norm. conflict and norms. conclusion. notes. Conclusion. References. Index
The user-designer conflict and its resolution

The first system designer-user conflict occurred fairly early in our historical tradition. We read in the first two chapters of the Bible (1) a story about a system designer who spent six long time periods designing and implementing the system which we call the world. At several stages in the design and implementation periods, we read, that this designer and builder, whose techniques are widely studied, stopped, reviewed the progress of the job and commented on its goodness. At the end of the sixth time period this designer turned over his system to two users and went off to take a well-deserved rest. Tradition tells us that at the point it was turned over to these two somewhat unsophisticated users the system was perfect. We learn that very shortly thereafter the users used the system contrary to the designer's instructions and system performance has never been the same since. There are even those who say that after continued misuse of the system by subsequent users, the designer-builder of the system withdrew all further system support, leaving the users to fend for themselves (2).
Extremely low surface recombination velocity in GaInAsSb /AlGaAsSb heterostructures

Low surface recombination velocity is critical to the performance of minority carrier devices. Minority carrier lifetime in double heterostructures (DHs) of 0.53-eV p-GaInAsSb confined with 1.0-eV p-AlGaAsSb, and grown lattice-matched to GaSb, was measured by time-resolved photoluminescence. The structures were designed to be dominated by the heterointerface while minimizing the contribution of photon recycling to minority carrier lifetime. Surface recombination velocity as low as 30cm∕s for DHs was achieved. This value is over an order of magnitude lower than that reported in previous studies.
Exchange Rates, Capital, Output and Debt When Nominal Interest Rates are Policy Parameters

R ecent years have witnessed a growing number of attempts to reduce inflation by a policy of raising nominal interest rates. Since 1988, such measures have been particularly pronounced in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. It is important to ask how higher interest rates can help to lower inflation, what factors determine the speed and reliability of the mechanisms involved, and, above all, what the side-effects of such policies may be. The purpose of this paper is to explore various mechanisms through which nominal interest rates may affect the course of inflation, in the context of an open economy model where exchange rates are freely floating. The main focus of attention is upon how output and income react, in the short run and the long, to a change in the nominal rate of interest. This calls for an explicit treatment of the markets for capital and labour, as well as for money. None of these markets is assumed to clear instantaneously. International capital mobility, and the authorities' ability to influence the evolution of the nominal
Clinical profile of hearing loss in children with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection: CMV DNA diagnosis using preserved umbilical cord

Abstract Conclusions: Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a major cause of bilateral and unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children, accounting for 9.0% of SNHL cases. The diagnostic rate using combined genetic deafness test and CMV DNA detection test was determined to be 46.4% in bilateral profound SNHL. Objectives. The present study investigated the prevalence of congenital CMV infection diagnosed retrospectively by detection of CMV DNA in dried umbilical cord specimens from children with unilateral or bilateral SNHL up to the age of 12 years. Methods: Preserved dried umbilical cords were collected from 134 children with bilateral (46 children) or unilateral (88 children) SNHL. DNA was extracted from the dried umbilical cords and CMV DNA was detected by quantitative PCR. Genetic deafness tests based on the invader assay were performed in children with bilateral SNHL. Results: CMV DNA from the dried umbilical cords was detected in 8.7% of the bilateral SNHL and 9.1% of unilateral SNHL. Deafness gene mutations were identified in 21.7% (10/46) of children with bilateral SNHL.
Attitudes Regarding the Use of Ventilator Support Given a Supposed Terminal Condition among Community-Dwelling Mexican American and Non-Hispanic White Older Adults: A Pilot Study

Purpose. To determine the factors that are associated with Mexican Americans' preference for ventilator support, given a supposed terminal diagnosis. Methods. 100 Mexican Americans, aged 60–89, were recruited and screened for MMSE scores above 18. Eligible subjects answered a questionnaire in their preferred language (English/Spanish) concerning ventilator use during terminal illness. Mediator variables examined included demographics, generation, religiosity, occupation, self-reported depression, self-reported health, and activities of daily living. Results. Being first or second generation American (OR = 0.18, CI = 0.05–0.66) with no IADL disability (OR = 0.11, CI = 0.02–0.59) and having depressive symptoms (OR = 1.43, CI = 1.08–1.89) were associated with preference for ventilator support. Implications. First and second generation older Mexican Americans and those functionally independent are more likely to prefer end-of-life ventilation support. Although depressive symptoms were inversely associated with ventilator use at the end of life, scores may more accurately reflect psychological stress associated with enduring the scenario. Further studies are needed to determine these factors' generalizability to the larger Mexican American community.
On the Average Cost of Insertions on Random Relaxed K-d Trees

In this work we refine the average case analysis of randomized insertions and deletions in random relaxed K-d trees, first given by Broutin et al. in [3]. The analysis is based in the analysis of the split and join algorithms, which recursively call one another and are the basis of the randomized update operations under consideration. For K = 2 the average cost of insertions and deletions is Θ(log n). For K > 2, this average cost is Θ(np(K)-1), for some p(K) > 1. This immediately follows from the analysis of the expected cost sn of splitting a tree of size n, which is the same as the expected cost mn of joining a pair of trees with total size n. These costs are, for K = 2, sn = mn = Θ(n) and, for K > 2, sn = mn = Ω(np(K)). In this abstract we find a closed form for the value of the exponent p(K), as well as the constant factor multiplying the main order term in sn.
Test of the Efficient Market Hypothesis by utilizing statistical arbitrage

The purpose of this paper is to test the efficient market hypothesis. The thesis includes an extensive review of the literature on the Efficient Market Hypothesis and tests if it is possible to earn economic profit by trading on an information set known to all market participants. The trading strategy is based on statistical arbitrage pairs. Pairs trading is a concept based on a co-integrating relationship. Co-integration is the long-term stationary relationship between two asset prices. The pairs in this thesis are untraditionally composed of indices. The test for co-integration uses the price of the ETF for S&P500 and the prices of six other indices from the European continent. I find that there is a stationary long-term relationship between the prices of the respective ETF’s of S&P500 and FTSE100 before adjusting for currency. The cointegration test shows a stationary relationship between the two prices and that the spread has mean-reverting properties. A trading strategy based on an out-of-sample period of 85 days does not yield positive profits after adjusting for transaction costs. With USD as the base currency, none of the seven variables co-integrates. In the absence of a co-integrating vector, there is no basis for trading the indices, and the EMH cannot be rejected.
Saturn's internal structure and carbon enrichment

We use the clathrate hydrate trapping theory to calculate the enrichments in O, N, S, Xe, Ar and Kr compared to solar in Saturn's atmosphere. For this, we calibrate our calculations using two different carbon abundance determinations that cover the domain of measurements published in the last decades: one derived from the NASA Kuiper Airborne Observatory measurements and the other obtained from the Cassini spacecraft observations. We show that these two different carbon abundances imply quite a different minimum heavy element content for Saturn. Using the Kuiper Airborne Observatory measurement for calibration, the amount of ices accreted by Saturn is found to be consistent with current interior models of this planet. On the other hand, using the Cassini measurement for calibration leads to an ice content in the planet's envelope which is higher than the one derived from the interior models. In this latter case, reconciling the interior models with the amount of C measured by the Cassini spacecraft requires that significant differential sedimentation of water and volatile species have taken place in Saturn's interior during its lifetime.
A framework for readapting and running bioinformatics applications in the cloud

Large scale experiments in the field of scientific computing, particularly in bioinformatics, typically require both processing of huge amounts of data and significant computing power. High performance computing (HPC) architectures, in particular cloud computing environments, may help meet these requirements by enabling fast, large-scale, and cost-effective parallel job execution. However, for that to happen, we need efficient scheduling algorithms to distribute tasks to available resources in a uniform way. In this paper we propose an agent-based framework that allows modeling, implementing, deploying, and configuring parallel execution of bioinformatics experiments in the cloud. To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, we implemented an instance of the proposed framework on the AWS platform. Experimental results show performance gains, scalability, and indicate that the proposed framework may be an efficient alternative for running parallel bioinformatics applications in the cloud.
A turning point in agricultural productivity : consideration of the causes

review. Selected passages, tables or diagrams may be reproduced for such purposes provided acknowledgment of the source is included. Major extracts or the entire document may not be reproduced by any process without the written permission of the Executive Director, Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (ABARES). The Australian Government acting through ABARES has exercised due care and skill in the preparation and compilation of the information and data set out in this publication. Notwithstanding, ABARES, its employees and advisers disclaim all liability, including liability for negligence, for any loss, damage, injury, expense or cost incurred by any person as a result of accessing, using or relying upon any of the information or data set out in this publication to the maximum extent permitted by law. Agricultural productivity growth is a major priority for industry and the Australian Government. For more than 50 years, productivity growth has been the main driver of agricultural output in Australia, contributing to around two-thirds of the gross value of agricultural production. Continued productivity growth is vital for maintaining the competitiveness of Australia's agricultural exports on world markets. However, broadacre agricultural productivity growth has been slowing in recent years. This study, commissioned by the Grains Research and Development Corporation as part of the GRDC–ABARES Harvesting Productivity Initiative, indicates that the slowdown since the mid-1990s was due largely to a combination of adverse seasonal conditions and stagnating investment in public agricultural R&D since the late 1970s. This research lends support to the arguments that public investment in agricultural R&D has been critical in boosting agricultural productivity in the past and is likely to be an important driver over the long term. In particular, ongoing investment in R&D is likely to be necessary for maintaining and improving productivity under changing climate and resource constraints. Moreover, given the long lags between R&D investment and subsequent improvements in productivity growth, the innovations needed to meet the needs of the next generation and beyond are likely to result from investments made in agricultural R&D today.
Edit-distance of weighted automata

The edit-distance of two strings is the minimal cost of a sequence of symbol insertions, deletions, or substitutions transforming one string into the other. The definition is used in various contexts to give a measure of the difference or similarity between two strings. This definition can be extended to measure the similarity between two sets of strings. In particular, when these sets are represented by automata, their edit-distance can be computed using the general algorithm of composition of weighted transducers combined with a single-source shortest-paths algorithm. More generally, in some applications such as speech recognition and computational biology, the strings may represent a range of alternative hypotheses with associated probabilities. Thus, we introduce the definition of the edit-distance of two distributions of strings given by two weighted automata. We show that general weighted automata algorithms over the appropriate semirings can be used to compute the edit-distance of two weighted automata exactly. The algorithm for computing exactly the edit-distance of weighted automata can be used to improve the word accuracy of automatic speech recognition systems. More generally, the algorithm can be extended to provide an edit-distance automaton useful for rescoring and other post-processing purposes in the context of large-vocabulary speech recognition. In the course of the presentation of our algorithm, we also introduce a new and general synchronization algorithm for weighted transducers which, combined with Ɛ-removal, can be used to normalize weighted transducers with bounded delays.
C2@home - A Novel User-Side Cloud-of-Clouds Management Architecture

Today, the main limit for an efficient exploitation of resources owned by one or more IaaS environments is not technical, but structural: users and providers have two different views that rarely are really integrated. Cloud users have a deep knowledge about their workflows, but they don't have any details about the real state of the IaaS physical resources. Cloud providers have the opposite problem: they know only the state of the offered resources but ignore the structure and time evolution of the user's workflows that will run on them. Such a lack of common shared knowledge hardly limits the opportunity to optimise the performance of both sides. To fill this gap of integration, this paper proposes C2@home, an autonomic user-side management system designed to drive and optimise the deployment of workflows on Cloud of Cloud environments. Experiments demonstrate that the aggregation of information about workflows' structure and evolution and actual data on hardware utilisation allow user to optimise the workflows performance.
The Rotavirus Enterotoxin NSP4 Directly Interacts with the Caveolar Structural Protein Caveolin-1

ABSTRACT Rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) is known to function as an intracellular receptor at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) critical to viral morphogenesis and is the first characterized viral enterotoxin. Exogenously added NSP4 induces diarrhea in rodent pups and stimulates secretory chloride currents across intestinal segments as measured in Ussing chambers. Circular dichroism studies further reveal that intact NSP4 and the enterotoxic peptide (NSP4114-135) that is located within the extended, C-terminal amphipathic helix preferentially interact with caveola-like model membranes. We now show colocalization of NSP4 and caveolin-1 in NSP4-transfected and rotavirus-infected mammalian cells in reticular structures surrounding the nucleus (likely ER), in the cytosol, and at the cell periphery by laser scanning confocal microscopy. A direct interaction between NSP4 residues 112 to 140 and caveolin-1 was determined by the Pro-Quest yeast two-hybrid system with full-length NSP4 and seven overlapping deletion mutants as bait, caveolin-1 as prey, and vice versa. Coimmunoprecipitation of NSP4-caveolin-1 complexes from rotavirus-infected mammalian cells demonstrated that the interaction occurs during viral infection. Finally, binding of caveolin-1 from mammalian cell lysates to Sepharose-bound, NSP4-specific synthetic peptides confirmed the yeast two-hybrid data and further delineated the binding domain to amino acids 114 to 135. We propose that the association of NSP4 and caveolin-1 contributes to NSP4 intracellular trafficking from the ER to the cell surface and speculate that exogenously added NSP4 stimulates signaling molecules located in caveola microdomains.
Navigating An Evolutionary Fast Path to Exascale – Expanded Version

Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Approved for public release; further dissemination unlimited. NOTICE: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government, nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represent that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government, any agency thereof, or any of their contractors or subcontractors. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government, any agency thereof, or any of their contractors. The computing community is in the midst of a disruptive architectural change. The advent of manycore and heterogeneous computing nodes forces us to reconsider every aspect of the system software and application stack. To address this challenge there is a broad spectrum of approaches, which we roughly classify as either revolutionary or evolutionary. With the former, the entire code base is rewritten , perhaps using a new programming language or execution model. The latter, which is the focus of this work, seeks a piecewise path of effective incremental change. The end effect of our approach will be revolutionary in that the control structure of the application will be markedly different in order to utilize single-instruction multiple-data/thread (SIMD/SIMT), manycore and heterogeneous nodes, but the physics code fragments will be remarkably similar. Our approach is guided by a set of mission driven applications and their proxies, focused on balancing performance potential with the realities of existing application code bases. Although the specifics of this process have not yet converged, we find that there are several important steps that developers of scientific and engineering application programs can take to prepare for making effective use of these challenging platforms. Aiding an evolutionary approach is the recognition that the performance potential of the architectures is, …
Exploring Adolescent Peer Relationships Online and Offline: An Empirical and Social Network Analysis

The study explores adolescents' online and offline peer social networks with the application of Social Network Analysis approach. Data shows that the two social networks are significantly different in terms of ego-network size, ties, density and centrality, while the expected association between adolescents' peer social network with social support is marginally supported. Data also shows that loneliness does not correlate with any of adolescent's social network basic indicators. Implications of the study are discussed.
Locating System Problems Using Dynamic Instrumentation

Diagnosing complex performance or kernel debugging problems often requires kernel modifications with multiple rebuilds and reboots. This is tedious, time-consuming work that most developers would prefer to minimize. Systemtap uses the kprobes infrastructure to dynamically instrument the kernel and user applications. Systemtap instrumentation incurs low overhead when enabled, and zero overhead when disabled. SystemTap provides facilities to define instrumentation points in a high-level language, and to aggregate and analyze the instrumentation data. Details of the SystemTap architecture and implementation are presented, along with an example of its application.