Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Lightweight SHM Framework Based on Adaptive Multisensor Fusion Network and Multigeneration Knowledge Distillation

Structural health monitoring (SHM) technology is of great importance to ensure the long-term and reliable operation of engineering structures. The monitoring systems for large structures are characterized by large numbers of measurement points and complex signal. In recent years, deep learning has been widely used in many fields, such as intelligent fault diagnosis and health monitoring due to its excellent feature extraction and nonlinear fitting ability. However, the existing deep networks for condition monitoring have some drawbacks. First, the multisensor information fusion is rarely considered, which is quite common in SHM systems. Second, most of the proposed models by current research are with large parameters and high complexity. To solve the problems mentioned above, we propose a lightweight SHM framework suitable for the multisensor monitoring tasks. In other words, the adaptive multisensor fusion network (ASF-Net) is proposed to dynamically mix with multichannel input samples and extract the efficient feature on different scales. Moreover, a joint loss function is established for network compression by transferring the knowledge from bulky teacher network to lightweight student network. Finally, to reduce the performance degradation during model compression, a multigeneration knowledge distillation (MGKD) strategy is proposed. The experiments on two SHM datasets show that the proposed method can achieve excellent classification accuracy, and model performance degradation of less than 2% can be obtained with at most 40.24 times less parameters and 128.82 times less computation, which has a great prospect on resource-constrained platforms.
A Subchannel Collision Reduction Method for 3GPP C- V2X Mode 4 Network Based on Vehicular Moving Status

In recent years, the 3GPP Cellular Vehicle to Everything (C-V2X) communication protocol has been widely discussed as a standard for vehicle communications. The 3GPP C-V2X defines a mode 4 operation mode, which allows vehicles to directly communicate with each other without relying on base stations or road-side units (RSUs). According to the mode 4 specification, vehicles adopt a semi-persistent scheduling method to select subchannels (i.e., radio resources) by themselves. However, the SPS method will induce a subchannel collision problem due to location changes of vehicles. When subchannel collisions occur, vehicles may not correctly receive broadcast data from their neighbor, and thus transmission reliability cannot be preserved. In this paper, we propose a localized subchannel selection method. The basic idea is that each vehicle infers its moving status by the received information from other vehicles, and then refers to its moving status to select subchannels. According to our simulation results, the proposed scheme can effectively reduce subchannel collision ratio and increase packet reception ratio.
Control Interaction of STATCOM and Type-4 Wind Turbines

STATCOM is popularly used to provide reactive power and voltage support for wind farms. However, unwanted interaction of STATCOM and wind farm may occur. This paper aims to analyze the interaction using electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation and linear system analysis. A data-driven approach is proposed to identify the linear model using the EMT simulation test bed. The entire system is viewed as a feedback system with a plant model and the STATCOM control. Frequency responses of the plant model is obtained using the harmonic injection method. A linear model is then identified via frequency-domain data fitting. With the linear model, stability analysis for different control parameters is carried out using the root-locus method. The proposed method is tested for a type-4 wind farm system. EMT simulation results verify the accuracy of the stability analysis.
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis in Scalar Tensor Gravity: The Key Problem of the Primordial 7Li Abundance

Combined with other cosmic microwave background experiments, the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) survey provides an accurate estimate of the baryon density of the universe. In the framework of the standard big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), such a baryon density leads to predictions for the primordial abundances of 4He and D in good agreement with observations. However, it also leads to a significant discrepancy between the predicted and observed primordial abundance of 7Li. Such a discrepancy is often termed "the lithium problem. " In this paper we analyze this problem in the framework of scalar tensor theories of gravity. It is shown that an expansion of the universe slightly slower than in general relativity before BBN, but faster during BBN, solves the lithium problem and leads to 4He and D primordial abundances consistent with the observational constraints. This kind of behavior is obtained in numerous scalar tensor models, both with and without a self-interaction potential for the scalar field. In models with a self-interacting scalar field, the convergence toward general relativity is ensured without any condition, thanks to an attraction mechanism that starts to work during the radiation-dominated epoch.
Generalized Polarizations Modules (Extended Abstract)

This work enrols the research line of M. Haiman on the Operator Theorem (the old operator conjecture). This theorem states that the smallest $\mathfrak{S}_n$-module closed under taking partial derivatives and closed under the action of polarization operators that contains the Vandermonde determinant is the space of diagonal harmonics polynomials. We start generalizing the context of this theorem to the context of polynomials in $\ell$ sets of $n$ variables $x_{ij}$ with $1\leq i\leq \ell$ et $1\leq j\leq n$. Given a $\frak{S}_n$-stable family of homogeneous polynomials in the variables $x_{ij}$ the smallest vector space closed under taking partial derivatives and closed under the action of polarization operators that contains $F$ is the polarization module generated by the family $F$. These polarization modules are all representation of the direct product $\mathfrak{S}_n\times{GL}_{\ell}(\mathbb{C})$. In order to study the decomposition into irreducible submodules, we compute the graded Frobenius characteristic of these modules. For several cases of $\mathfrak{S}_n$-stable families of homogeneous polynomials in $n$ variables, for every $n\geq 1$, we show general formulas for this graded characteristic in a global manner, independent of the value of $\ell$.
Journal Pre-proof pathway constitutes an indispensable redox-signaling cascade for light-dependent reduction of chloroplast stromal proteins

To ensure efficient photosynthesis, chloroplast proteins need to be flexibly regulated under fluctuating light conditions. Thiol-based redox regulation plays a key role in reductively activating several chloroplast proteins in a light-dependent manner. The ferredoxin (Fd)/thioredoxin (Trx) pathway has long been recognized as the machinery that transfers reducing power generated by photosynthetic electron transport reactions to redox-sensitive target proteins; however, its biological importance remains unclear, because the complete disruption of the Fd/Trx pathway in plants has been unsuccessful to date. Especially, recent identifications of multiple redox-related factors in chloroplasts, as represented by the NADPH-Trx reductase C, have raised a controversial proposal that other redox pathways work redundantly with the Fd/Trx pathway. To address these issues directly, we used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to create Arabidopsis mutant plants in which the activity of the Fd/Trx pathway was completely defective. The mutants generated showed severe growth inhibition. Importantly, these mutants almost entirely lost the ability to reduce several redox-sensitive proteins in chloroplast stroma, including four Calvin-Benson cycle enzymes, NADP-malate dehydrogenase, and Rubisco activase, under light conditions. These striking phenotypes were further accompanied by abnormally developed chloroplasts and a drastic decline in photosynthetic efficiency. These results indicate that the Fd/Trx is indispensable for the light-responsive activation of diverse stromal proteins and photoautotrophic growth of plants. Our data also suggest that the ATP synthase is exceptionally reduced by other pathways in a redundant manner. This study provides an important insight into how the chloroplast redox-regulatory system operates in vivo .
(cid:1) -Aminobutyric Acid Type A (GABA A ) Receptor (cid:2) Subunits Play a Direct Role in Synaptic Versus Extrasynaptic Targeting

Background: GABA A receptor (cid:1) 2 and (cid:2) subunits are thought to be responsible for synaptic and extrasynaptic targeting. Results: We demonstrate here that (cid:3) 2 and (cid:3) 6 subunits can target (cid:2) / (cid:1) 2 chimeras to synaptic and extrasynaptic sites. Conclusion: The (cid:3) subunits play a direct role in GABA A receptor targeting. Significance: Different subunits of GABA A receptors encode intrinsic signals to control subcellular targeting. GABA A receptors (GABA A -Rs) are localized at both synaptic and extrasynaptic sites, mediating phasic and tonic inhibition, respectively. Previous studies suggest an important role of (cid:1) 2 and (cid:3) subunits in synaptic versus extrasynaptic targeting of GABA A -Rs. Here, we demonstrate differential function of (cid:2) 2 and (cid:2) 6 subunits in guiding the localization of GABA A -Rs. To study the targeting of specific subtypes of GABA A -Rs, we used a molecularly engineered GABAergic synapse model to precisely either (cid:2) or (cid:2) GBS together with gephyrin-GFP. Gephyrin-GFP single transfection served as the control. Rabbit anti- (cid:2) -Nterm was used for the immunoprecipitation, and rabbit anti-GFP was used in the immunoblotting to detect the gephyrin-GFP.
Monitoring the Effects of Static Variable Orders on the Construction of BDDs

The increasing complexity of modern Integrated Circuits (ICs) results in more bug occurrences during their design. In this regard, formal verification techniques such as the methods based on Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) mathematically ensure the correctness of these ICs before fabrication. However, BDDs are very sensitive to input variable ordering. Most of the time, the construction of BDDs fails due to size explosion caused by unfavorable input variable ordering. A lot of research has been done in the past to find a good variable ordering method; however, the focus has always been on the endsize of BDDs which may not present the whole picture. In this paper, we present a framework to monitor the BDD size during construction. We argue that in addition to the endsize, the highest number of nodes, i.e. the peaksize, should also be taken into account when selecting the static variable ordering method. The proposed framework uses a variable order generator to compute an input variable order for a circuit and a BDD generator, with CUDD at its heart, to monitor important parameters in particular peaksize. With the help of the framework, we observe how popular static variable ordering heuristics affect the peaksize and endsize of BDDs using popular benchmark sets, i.e., ISCAS85, ISCAS89.
HR 8844: A New Transition Object between the Am Stars and the HgMn Stars?

While monitoring a sample of apparently slowly rotating superficially normal early-A stars, we have discovered that HR 8844 (A0 V) is actually a new chemically peculiar star. We first compared the high-resolution spectrum of HR 8844 with that of four slow rotators near A0V (ν Cap, ν Cnc, Sirius A, and HD 72660) to highlight similarities and differences. The lines of Ti ii, Cr ii, Sr ii, and Ba ii are conspicuous features in the high-resolution high signal-to-noise SOPHIE spectra of HR 8844 and much stronger than in the spectra of the normal star ν Cap. The Hg ii line at 3983.93 Å is also present in a 3.5% blend. Selected unblended lines of 31 chemical elements from He up to Hg have been synthesized using model atmospheres computed with ATLAS9 and the spectrum synthesis code SYNSPEC48 including hyperfine structure of various isotopes when relevant. These synthetic spectra have been adjusted to the mean SOPHIE spectrum of HR 8844, and high-resolution spectra of the comparison stars. Chi-squares were minimized to derive abundances or upper limits to the abundances of these elements for HR 8844 and the comparison stars. HR 8844 is found to have underabundances of He, C, O, Mg, Ca, and Sc, mild enhancements of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, and distinct enhancements of the heavy elements Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, La, Pr, Sm, Eu, and Hg, the overabundances increasing steadily with atomic number. This chemical pattern suggests that HR 8844 may actually be a new transition object between the coolest HgMn stars and the Am stars.
Government of Ghana’s Budget: An Assessment of Its Compliance with Fundamental Budgeting Principles

 Abstract — Public sector budgeting, all over the world, is underpinned by some universally accepted principles of sound budget management such as budget unity, universality, annuality, and a balanced budget. These traditional principles, though fundamental, had, in recent years, been augmented by the more modern principles of budgeting within fiscal objective, alignment with medium-term strategic plans as well as the observance of such related concepts as transparency, openness and accessibility. In this paper, we have endeavored to shed light, from literature and practice, on the meaning and purposes of such fundamental budgeting principles. We have also assessed the extent to which the Government of Ghana’s budget complies with the four traditional principles of budget unity, universality, annuality, and a balanced budget and the three out of the ten modern principles of budgetary governance of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). We did so by using a qualitative method of review and analysis of existing documents and the performance assessment reports on Ghana’s Public Financial Management (PFM) measured using such frameworks as the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA), the Open Budget Survey (OBS) and its Index (OBI), the reports and action plans of Open Government Partnership (OGP) and the Global Initiative for Fiscal Transparency (GIFT). Other performance assessment reports that were relied on included, but not limited to, the Joint Evaluation Report of PFM in Ghana, 2001-2010, and the Joint Evaluation of Budget Support to Ghana, 2005-2015. We have, through this paper, brought to the fore the lessons that could be learned on how those budgetary principles undergird the Government of Ghana’s budget formulation, execution, accounting, control, and oversight. These lessons include, but are not limited to, the need for both scholars and practitioners in the PFM space to be aware of the impact of those principles on public sector budgeting.
Icing wind tunnel measurements of supercooled large droplets using the 12 mm total water content cone of the Nevzorov probe

Abstract. Supercooled large droplet (SLD) icing can occur behind the protected surfaces of an aircraft and create severe aerodynamic disturbances, which represent a safety hazard for aviation. Liquid water content (LWC) measurements in icing conditions that contain SLDs require instruments that are able to sample unimodal and bimodal droplet size distributions with droplet diameters from 2 to 2000 µm. No standardized detection method exists for this task. A candidate instrument, which is currently used in icing wind tunnel (IWT) research, is the Nevzorov probe. In addition to the standard 8 mm total water content (TWC) collector cone, a novel instrument version also features a 12 mm diameter cone, which might be advantageous for collecting the large droplets characteristic of SLD conditions. In the scope of the two EU projects, SENSors and certifiable hybrid architectures for safer aviation in ICing Environment (SENS4ICE) and ICE GENESIS, we performed measurement campaigns in SLD icing conditions in IWTs in Germany, Austria and the USA. We obtained a comprehensive data set of measurements from the LWC sensor, the 8 mm cone sensor and the 12 mm cone sensor of the Nevzorov probe, and from the tunnel reference instrumentation. In combination with measurements of the particle size distribution, we experimentally derive a collision efficiency curve that is based on a suitable functional form for the new 12 mm cone for median volume diameters (MVDs) between 12 and 58 µm and wind tunnel speeds from 40 to 85 m s−1. Knowledge of this curve allows us to correct the LWC measurements of the 12 mm cone (LWC12) in particular for the inevitably high decrease in collision efficiency for small droplet diameters. In unimodal SLD conditions, with MVDs between 128 and 720 µm, LWC12 generally agrees within ±20 % with the tunnel LWC reference values from a WCM-2000 and an isokinetic probe. An increase in the difference between LWC12 and the WCM-2000 measurements at larger MVDs indicates better droplet collection properties of the 12 mm cone. Similarly, the favorable detector dimensions of the 12 mm cone explain a 7 % enhanced detection efficiency compared to the 8 mm cone; however this difference falls within the instrumental uncertainties. Data collected in various bimodal SLD conditions with MVDs between 16 and 534 µm and LWCs between 0.22 and 0.72 g m−3 also show an agreement within ±20 % between LWC12 and the tunnel LWC, which demonstrates the suitability of the Nevzorov sensor head with the 12 mm cone for measurements of LWC in Appendix O icing conditions.
Unbiased Efﬁcient Feature Counts for Inverse RL

Feature counts play a crucial role when computing good reward weights in inverse reinforcement learning. Despite their importance, little work has focused on developing better methods for estimating feature counts. In this work, we propose a new method for estimating feature counts for scenarios with a small number of long demonstrations. Most existing algorithms perform poorly in this scenario. In particular, we propose two new algorithms, E-DLS and E-SLS, which can efﬁciently use a small number of long demonstrations to estimate feature counts. We show that E-SLS estimates are unbiased, which is the ﬁrst such estimation algorithm. Our experimental results on benchmark problems demonstrate better learned reward weights when feature counts are estimated with E-DLS and E-SLS compared to other popular methods.
Differential regulatory response of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma according to PET result

—Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL) is a type of lymphoma, a class of cancers of the lymphatic system. Despite the advance-ments in multiagent chemotherapy in the past years, up to 10% of HL cases are refractory to treatment and, after remission, patients experience an elevated risk of death from all causes. These complications are dependent on the prescribed treatment, and therefore an increase in the prognostic accuracy of HL can help improve these outcomes. Interim ﬂuorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is the primary in- dicator of patient response to treatment, however, it is an intrusive and expensive medical exam. In this context, we present a methodology capable of predicting the result of an interim FDG-PET exam after two courses of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine (ABVD) chemotherapy through the analysis of gene expression proﬁles using state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms. A further study of gene regulatory relations will be performed with the goal of obtaining novel knowledge about the molecular mechanisms associated with HL. The computational approach presented is especially relevant due to the low incidence of this cancer, which results in a lack of works that take advantage of novel machine learning tools and increasingly cheap and fast high-throughput technologies.
The 2018 west-central European drought projected in a warmer climate: how much drier can it get?

Abstract. Projections of changes in extreme droughts under future climate conditions are associated with large uncertainties, owing to the complex genesis of droughts and large model uncertainty in the atmospheric dynamics. In this study we investigate the impact of global warming on soil moisture drought severity in west-central Europe by employing pseudo global warming (PGW) experiments, which project the 1980–2020 period in a globally warmer world. The future analogues of present-day drought episodes allow for investigation of changes in drought severity conditional on the historic day-to-day evolution of the atmospheric circulation. The 2018 west-central European drought is the most severe drought in the 1980–2020 reference period in this region. Under 1.5, 2 and 3 ∘C global warming, this drought episode experiences strongly enhanced summer temperatures but a fairly modest soil moisture drying response compared to the change in climatology. This is primarily because evaporation is already strongly moisture-constrained during present-day conditions, limiting the increase in evaporation and thus the modulation of the temperature response under PGW. Increasing precipitation in winter, spring and autumn limits or prevents an earlier drought onset and duration. Nevertheless, the drought severity, defined as the cumulative soil moisture deficit volume, increases considerably, with 20 % to 39 % under 2 ∘C warming. The extreme drought frequency in the 1980–2020 period strongly increases under 2 ∘C warming. Several years without noticeable droughts under present-day conditions show very strong drying and warming. This results in an increase in 2003-like drought occurrences, compounding with local summer temperature increases considerably above 2 ∘C. Even without taking into account a (potentially large) dynamical response to climate change, drought risk in west-central Europe is strongly enhanced under global warming. Owing to increases in drought frequency, severity and compounding heat, a reduction in recovery times between drought episodes is expected to occur. Our physical climate storyline provides evidence complementing conventional large-ensemble approaches and is intended to contribute to the formulation of effective adaptation strategies.