Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The view of parents and teachers about the occurrence of deleterious oral habits in a group of preschool children

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare the parents and teachers views about the occurrence of deleterious oral habits in preschool children. Methods: a cross - sectional study with a quantitative analysis. Parents and teachers answered a self-administered questionnaire regarding the deleterious habits of preschool children and signed the Informed Consent Term. At the end, 221questionaries were included. The data were submitted to Chi-square test, Fisher exact and McNemar tests. Results: according to the parents, the most frequent habit was the bottle with 52.04%, followed by the pacifier with 24.09%. According to the teachers, the pacifier was the most frequent one, accounting for 20.36% of cases, followed by the use of bottle (7.69%). In the present sample, 90.95% of the children were breastfed. When related to oral habits, it was observed that the longer the breastfeeding time, the lower the use of pacifiers and bottles. By comparing the questionnaires, it was verified that the parents noticed, more frequently, the oral habits than did the teachers. Conclusion: in the group studied, the parents reported more the presence of deleterious oral habits than did the teachers. It is important that parents, and especially teachers, have information about the harm caused by the prolonged presence of such habits, so that they can encourage their interruption, thus, avoiding possible damages to the stomatognathic system and the performance of orofacial functions.
Team versus Individual Play in Finitely Repeated Prisoner Dilemma Games

In finitely repeated prisoner dilemma games, two-person teams start with significantly less cooperation than individuals, consistent with results from the psychology literature. This quickly gives way to teams cooperating more than individuals. Team dialogues show increased payoffs from cooperation, along with anticipating opponents’ recognition of the same, provides the basis for cooperation, even while fully anticipating defection near the end game. A strong status quo bias in defecting across super-games limits unraveling. Defecting typically occurs one round earlier across super-games, consistent with low marginal, or even negative, benefits of more than one-step-ahead defection. (JEL C72, C73, C90, D12)
The Termolator: Terminology Recognition Based on Chunking, Statistical and Search-Based Scores

he Termolator is an open-source high-performing terminology extraction system, available on Github. The Termolator combines several different approaches to get superior coverage and precision. The in-line term component identifies potential instances of terminology using a chunking procedure, similar to noun group chunking, but favoring chunks that contain out-of-vocabulary words, nominalizations, technical adjectives, and other specialized word classes. The distributional component ranks such term chunks according to several metrics including: (a) a set of metrics that favors term chunks that are relatively more frequent in a “foreground” corpus about a single topic than they are in a “background” or multi-topic corpus; (b) a well-formedness score based on linguistic features and (c) a relevance score which measures how often terms appear in articles and patents in a Yahoo web search. We analyse the contributions made by each of these components and show that all modules contribute to the system’s performance, both in terms of the number and quality of terms identified. This paper expands upon previous publications about this research and includes descriptions of some of the improvements made since its initial release. This study also includes a comparison with another terminology extraction system available on-line, Termostat (Drouin 2003). We found that the systems get comparable results when applied to small amounts of data: about 50% precision for a single foreground file (Einstein’s Theory of Relativity). However, when running the system with 500 patent files as foreground, Termolator performed significantly better than Termostat. For 500 refrigeration patents, Termolator got 70% precision vs Termostat’s 52%. For 500 semiconductor patents, Termolator got 79% precision vs Termostat’s 51%.
Multilingual migrants in England: factors affecting their language use

The aim of this study has been to explore how multilingual immigrant students, who are competent in a number of linguistic varieties, experience (and make use of) their multilingualism and express their linguistic identities in educational settings in England. The study was carried out in the context of an EU funded research network, Languages in a Network of European Excellence (see www.linee.info for further details). The research took the form of qualitative interviewing, classroom observation and focus group work in two educational institutions, combined with questionnaires on student and teacher attitudes towards multilingualism. The researchers have endeavoured to explain immigrants’ use and attitudes towards the different languages in their repertoire by referring to social network theory, language hierarchies and educational policies, as well as investigating attitudes of parents, teachers and friends. The findings suggest that many factors combine to explain language attitudes and use, and that students’ multilingualism, although positively valued by the students themselves, is threatened by other values such as the high status of English
On pricing schemes in data center network with game theoretic approach

This paper aims at systematically analyzing the pricing schemes in data center network. The interaction between a monopolistic operator and customers in the network is modeled as Stackelberg game. In this model, both homogeneous- and heterogeneous-customer scenarios are analyzed. In homogeneous customer case, a special scenario is that only a single customer exists in the network. In this scenario, we observe that the Stackelberg equilibrium will lead to a Pareto-inefficient outcome. To address this problem, a two-part pricing scheme is proposed to derive a Pareto efficient outcome and benefit both the operator and customers. When there are an infinite number of homogeneous customers in the network, our analysis shows that customers' selfish action may incur zero utility to them and operator can achieve all the utility by announcing an appropriate price. As to the heterogeneous customer case, we not only analyse how the operator should price the network resources, but also introduce Paris Metro Pricing (PMP) scheme to further increase operator's profit. Since the operator's profit is not a concave function of the resource price, these studies are conducted by simulation.
Tight Frame Various Lengths Filters

Dyadic tight frame wavelets have been considered as an alternative to orthogonal wavelets. They allow symmetry, smooth scaling wavelet functions, and closely approximate shift invariance. In this paper, we consider tight frame symmetric filterbanks with filters of various lengths. The filterbanks are designed using Gröbner basis methods. An applications example is considered for the case of image denoising.
Human Capital Externalities Evidence from the Transition Economy of Russia

The paper tests for the existence of human capital externalities using a micro-level approach: the Mincerian wage regression augmented with the average level of education in cities. To solve identification problems arising from the endogeneity of average education, the study exploits a natural experiment provided by the process of economic transition: average education at the end of communism can be seen as exogenous in respect of wages prevailing after the start of transition. Our empirical results based on the RLMS data show that a 1 percentage point increase in the share of city residents with a university degree results in an increase of wages of city residents by about 1 percent.
Technological innovation: Minimizing technological oversights: A marketing research perspective

Technological advances provide vast opportunities for new product development. Some technologies are transformed into successful new products; others are not. In this paper we investigate the role that marketing research methods as currently conceived can play in aligning marketplace needs with technological potential. We discuss the types of opportunities that new technologies present to the marketplace and why the existing set of market research methods are insufficient to assess the potential for all of these new technologies. We then discuss some emerging, non-traditional marketing research methods and assess their potential for addressing the technological oversights problem. We conclude with implications for academics and for practitioners. Prepared for Presentation at Technological Oversights and Foresights Conference Leonard N. Stern School of Business New York University April 10, 1994
Candidates for anti-de Sitter-horizons

We find, from the toric description of the moduli space of D3--branes on non-compact six-dimensional singularities 3/3 and 3/5 in the blown-down limit, the four-dimensional bases on which these singular spaces are complex cones, and prove the existence of Kahler--Einstein metrics on these four-dimensional bases. This shows, in particular, that one can use the horizons obtained from these base spaces by a U(1)-foliation as compact parts of the target space for Type-IIB string theory with AdS5 in the context of the AdS-CFT correspondence.
Handset Malwares Threats Feature Extraction Based on Behavior Analysis

The malware threat for mobile phones is expected to increase with the great functionality enhancement of mobile phones. Despite the nowadays malware high abilities, there are a lot of challenges that facing the mobile threat containment process. From this perspective, this work introduces a novel effective solution for discovering handset malwares threats. The work proposed a new behavior based technique for mobile application analysis, which is based on exploiting the application DLL usages, in order to extract values that can be used in a malware detection process. The technique is highly expected to be able to detect zero day viruses that have the similar functionalities as existing ones. Also, since these DLL functions are easy to be extracted from the executable files, the approach is computationally efficient.
Effect of aliskiren on post-discharge outcomes among diabetic and non-diabetic patients hospitalized for heart failure: insights from the ASTRONAUT trial.

AIMS The objective of the Aliskiren Trial on Acute Heart Failure Outcomes (ASTRONAUT) was to determine whether aliskiren, a direct renin inhibitor, would improve post-discharge outcomes in patients with hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) with reduced ejection fraction. Pre-specified subgroup analyses suggested potential heterogeneity in post-discharge outcomes with aliskiren in patients with and without baseline diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS AND RESULTS ASTRONAUT included 953 patients without DM (aliskiren 489; placebo 464) and 662 patients with DM (aliskiren 319; placebo 343) (as reported by study investigators). Study endpoints included the first occurrence of cardiovascular death or HHF within 6 and 12 months, all-cause death within 6 and 12 months, and change from baseline in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) at 1, 6, and 12 months. Data regarding risk of hyperkalaemia, renal impairment, and hypotension, and changes in additional serum biomarkers were collected. The effect of aliskiren on cardiovascular death or HHF within 6 months (primary endpoint) did not significantly differ by baseline DM status (P = 0.08 for interaction), but reached statistical significance at 12 months (non-DM: HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.64-0.99; DM: HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.91-1.47; P = 0.03 for interaction). Risk of 12-month all-cause death with aliskiren significantly differed by the presence of baseline DM (non-DM: HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.50-0.94; DM: HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.15-2.33; P < 0.01 for interaction). Among non-diabetics, aliskiren significantly reduced NT-proBNP through 6 months and plasma troponin I and aldosterone through 12 months, as compared to placebo. Among diabetic patients, aliskiren reduced plasma troponin I and aldosterone relative to placebo through 1 month only. There was a trend towards differing risk of post-baseline potassium ≥6 mmol/L with aliskiren by underlying DM status (non-DM: HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.71-1.93; DM: HR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.30-4.42; P = 0.07 for interaction). CONCLUSION This pre-specified subgroup analysis from the ASTRONAUT trial generates the hypothesis that the addition of aliskiren to standard HHF therapy in non-diabetic patients is generally well-tolerated and improves post-discharge outcomes and biomarker profiles. In contrast, diabetic patients receiving aliskiren appear to have worse post-discharge outcomes. Future prospective investigations are needed to confirm potential benefits of renin inhibition in a large cohort of HHF patients without DM.
A Performance Prediction Model for a Fault-Tolerant Computer During Recovery and Restoration. Ph.D. Thesis Report, 1 Jan. - 31 Dec. 1992

The modeling and design of a fault-tolerant multiprocessor system is addressed in this dissertation. In particular, the behavior of the system during recovery and restoration after a fault has occurred is investigated. Given that a multicomputer system is designed using the Algorithm to Architecture To Mapping Model (ATAMM) model, and that a fault (death of a computing resource) occurs during its normal steady-state operation, a model is presented as a viable research tool for predicting the performance bounds of the system during its recovery and restoration phases. Furthermore, the bounds of the performance behavior of the system during this transient mode can be assessed. These bounds include: time recover from the fault (t$\sb{\rm rec}$), time to restore the system (t$\sb{\rm res}$) and whether there is a permanent delay in the system's Time Between Input and Output (TBIO) after the system has reached a steady state. An implementation of an ATAMM based computer was developed with the Generic VHSIC Spaceborne Computer (GVSC) as the target system. A simulation of the GVSC was also written based on the code used in ATAMM Multicomputer Operating System (AMOS). The simulation is in turn used to validate the new model in the usefulness and accuracy in tracking the propagation of the delay through the system and predicting the behavior in the transient state of recovery and restoration. The model is validated as an accurate method to predict the transient behavior of an ATAMM based multicomputer during recovery and restoration.
Combining dictionaries and ontologies for drug name recognition in biomedical texts

Two approaches have been commonly used for recognizing Drug Name Entities in biomedical texts: machine learning-based and domain specific resources-based approaches. In this work we focus on the second one by combining (1) a dictionary-based approach that collects terms from different pharmacological data sources such as DrugBank, MeSH, RxNorm and ATC index; and (2) an ontology-based approach that maps each text unit of a source text into one or more domain-specific concepts, providing rich semantic knowledge of domain name entities using Metamap and Mgrep analyzer. The aim is to take advantage of the best of each resource used. The combined system obtains an F1 measure of 0, 667 over exact matching span evaluation.
Do Changes in Dividends Signal Something ? New Evidence from New Zealand

All 137 publicly listed firms in New Zealand were used to analyse the relationship between dividend changes and earning changes. The question being asked is: Do dividend changes point to good past performance, good current performance, or signal growth in future performance. The findings show that there is no statistically significant relationship between dividend changes and either past or future performance but that dividend changes are related significantly to current earnings. The calls into question the notion that dividends can be seen as signals.
The Rise in U.S. Household Indebtedness: Causes and Consequences

The ratio of total household debt to aggregate personal income in the United States has risen from an average of 0.6 in the 1980s to an average of 1.0 so far this decade. In this paper we explore the causes and consequences of this dramatic increase. Demographic shifts, house price increases, and financial innovation all appear to have contributed to the rise. Households have become more exposed to shocks to asset prices through the greater leverage in their balance sheets, and more exposed to unexpected changes in income and interest rates because of higher debt payments relative to income. At the same time, an increase in access to credit and higher levels of assets should give households, on average, a greater ability to smooth through shocks. We conclude by discussing some of the risks associated with some households having become very highly indebted relative to their assets.
Kissenger: design of a kiss transmission device

In this paper, we present Kissenger (Kiss Messenger), an interactive device that provides a physical interface for transmitting a kiss between two remotely connected people. Each device is paired to another and can sense and transmit the amount of force that a user applies to a pair of lips which is recreated on the other device using motors. Kissenger was designed to augment already existing remote communication technologies such as video chat. The goal of this work is to promote intimacy between humans in long distance relationships. After presenting the background and motivation for the need of such a device, we describe the design process that consisted of three iteration stages, each with its own focus and evaluation. We then present a preliminary user study performed with seven couples that compare Kissenger to current video chat technology.
Those mysterious sequences of satellite DNAs

Since the early beginnings of understanding the genome structure, it has been realized that highly abundant, noncoding DNA sequences repeated in tandem, satellite DNAs, compose significant portions of every eukaryotic genome (1, 2). Satellite DNAs are located in heterochromatic chromosomal regions usually formed around centromeres and at chromosome termini at interstitial positions. Little is known about functional significance of these sequences, although many reports support involvement of satellite DNAs in processes related to complex structural and functional features of eukaryotic chromosomes, particularly in centromeric and pericentromeric regions (Figure 1; for example, 3, 4, 5, 6 and references therein). In this regard, satellite sequences located within and around centromeres attract a considerable attention, and are the most explored fraction among satellite DNAs (reviewed in 6).
Fast Vesicle Transport Is Required for the Slow Axonal Transport of Synapsin

Although it is known that cytosolic/soluble proteins synthesized in cell bodies are transported at much lower overall velocities than vesicles in fast axonal transport, the fundamental basis for this slow movement is unknown. Recently, we found that cytosolic proteins in axons of mouse cultured neurons are conveyed in a manner that superficially resembles diffusion, but with a slow anterograde bias that is energy- and motor-dependent (Scott et al., 2011). Here we show that slow axonal transport of synapsin, a prototypical member of this rate class, is dependent upon fast vesicle transport. Despite the distinct overall dynamics of slow and fast transport, experimentally induced and intrinsic variations in vesicle transport have analogous effects on slow transport of synapsin as well. Dynamic cotransport of vesicles and synapsin particles is also seen in axons, consistent with a model where higher-order assemblies of synapsin are conveyed by transient and probabilistic associations with vesicles moving in fast axonal transport. We posit that such dynamic associations generate the slow overall anterogradely biased flow of the population (“dynamic-recruitment model”). Our studies uncover the underlying kinetic basis for a classic cytosolic/soluble protein moving in slow axonal transport and reveal previously unknown links between slow and fast transport, offering a clearer conceptual picture of this curious phenomenon.
Community and public policy

A text which explores the organizational advances that have taken place within community practice over the last decade and how ideas of community and "community practice" have found a place within public and social policies since the 1980s. The book is arranged to enable the reader to use it as a reference work as much as a text. It explains the key terms in the field and examines why "community" has become such a feature of various public policies in recent years. The contributors critically examine six policy areas, review the present status and future possibilities from three perspectives (environmentalism, equality and democratic-citizenship) and finally summarise their findings.
Assessment and Delineation of DNAPL Source Zones at Hazardous Waste Sites

1.0-Introduction Groundwater contamination from classes of chemicals such as chlorinated solvents, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), creosote, and coal tar is frequently encountered at hazardous waste sites (40, 43). These types of contaminants have low solubilities in water and have densities greater than that of water. Therefore, they can exist in the subsurface as Dense, Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPLs) and have the potential to migrate as a separate liquid phase to significant distances below the water table in both unconsolidated materials and fractured bedrock. Because of the physicochemical properties associated with DNAPLs, they migrate through the subsurface in a very selective and tortuous manner (13, 27, 29). Thus, the majority of DNAPL present in the subsurface may not be found immediately below the entry location and directly encountering DNAPLs with conventional drilling techniques may be difficult. Determining the presence or absence of a DNAPL is an important component of the conceptual site model and is critical to the proper selection of the remediation approach. Subsurface DNAPL acts as a long-term source for dissolved-phase contamination and determines the spatial distribution and persistence of contaminant concentrations within the dissolved-phase plume. Once it has been determined that DNAPL exists within the subsurface, subsequent characterization activities are typically conducted to better de-lineate the boundaries of the DNAPL source zone. The DNAPL source zone is the overall volume of the subsurface containing residual and/or pooled DNAPL. It should be recognized that there will be uncertainty associated with the delineation of the DNAPL source zone. In addition to the DNAPL, there may be significant amounts of contaminant mass that have diffused into low perme-ability zones. Back diffusion of contaminant mass from these zones may sustain dissolved-phase plumes for significant periods of time, even after DNAPL has been removed. Establishing the presence and locations of such non-DNAPL sources is beyond the scope of this document. In January 1992, EPA published a Fact Sheet entitled 'Estimat-ing Potential for Occurrence of DNAPL at Superfund Sites' (42) with the goal to help site personnel determine if DNAPL-based characterization strategies should be employed at a particular site. In September 1994, EPA issued a subsequent Fact Sheet entitled 'DNAPL Site Characterization' (39) discussing direct and indirect methods to assess the presence of DNAPL in the subsurface. Since the publication of the initial fact sheets, there have been advancements in characterization tools, site investigation approaches (14) and knowledge of DNAPL source zone architecture within the …