Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Der frühe expressive Wortschatzumfang von jungen Kindern in unterschiedlichen Betreuungsformen

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Wortlernen ist der Bereich der Sprachentwicklung, der stark von Quantität wie auch Qualität des Umgebungsinputs beeinflusst wird. Daher sollte der Effekt unterschiedlicher Betreuungsformen junger Kinder auf die Sprachentwicklung anhand der Variablen „expressiver Wortschatzumfang“ untersucht werden. Methode: Elternfragebogen ELAN-R 45. Stichprobe: 546 monolingual deutschsprachig aufwachsende normalgesunde Kinder im Alter von 17–26 Monaten. 116 Kinder (mittl. Alter: 23,0; SD 2,2 Monate) waren in familiärer Betreuung, 430 Kinder (mittl. Alter: 22,7; SD 2,4 Monate) in außerfamiliärer Kindergruppenbetreuung mit unterschiedlicher Betreuungsdauer: „hoch“ (=>20 Wochenstunden [n=245]); „niedrig“ (=≤20 Wochenstunden [n=180]). Ergebnisse: Der Wortschatzumfang insgesamt war bei Kindern mit hoher wöchentlicher Betreuungsdauer im Durchschnitt statistisch unbedeutsam größer (164,4 Wörter) als bei familiär betreuten Kindern (158,5 Wörter) und bei Kindern mit niedriger Betreuungsdauer (151,3 Wörter). Auch die durchschnittliche Wortzahl in den einzelnen Wortklassen sowie nominalen Sachfeldern unterschied die Gruppen nicht statistisch signifikant. Eine multiple Kovarianzanalyse ergab für folgende Kovariaten einen signifikanten Einfluss auf den Wortschatzumfang insgesamt: Geschlecht (< 0,001), Einzelkindstatus (< 0,05), Bildungsabschluss der Mutter (< 0,001). 22% der Varianz (Effektgröße η2) im gesamten Wortschatzumfang ging auf das Geschlecht zurück, 9% auf den Bildungsabschluss der Mutter, 6% auf den Einzelkindstatus. Diskussion: Eine Replikation der Studie ist empfehlenswert, um über weitere empirische Daten, z. B. für frühe bildungspolitische Konzepte, zu verfügen.
Increasing the Expressivity of Humanoid Robots with Variable Gestural Expressions

This work aims at establishing a more variable, and thus attractive, communication with humanoids. For this purpose we developed a method of dynamically expressing emotions and intentions associated with parametrised gestures. First, gestures and possible parameters, which are necessary for the generation of a whole-body gesture set, were analyzed. A gesture’s inner and outer expressivity is thereby defined which leads to the differentiation of single gestures and variable gestural expressions. Gestures are subsequently classified into (feedback) categories and related depending on their expressivity. We developed a gesture set consisting of six categories including over 50 variable gestures. As proof of concept, the gesture set has been implemented to allow for an easy and flexible authoring process of gesture-supported communication.Categories and Subject DescriptorsI.2. 9 [Artificial Intelligence]: Robotics—Operator Interfaces
Green tea extract and its polyphenols markedly inhibit luminol-dependent chemiluminescence activated by peroxynitrite or SIN-1.

This study is based on a simple chemical interaction of peroxynitrite (OONO-) and luminol, which produces blue light upon oxidation. Since peroxynitrite has a half-life of less than 1 s, a drug known as SIN-1 is used as a peroxynitrite generator. In addition peroxynitrite itself was used directly with a fast injection-mixing system to ascertain whether there are differences between it and the peroxynitrite-generating system (SIN-1) which mimics the natural production of (OONO-). Peroxynitrite is a potent oxidizing compound (1000 times more active than equidose hydrogen peroxide) and it can oxidize carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Upon stimulation by inflammation and/or infection, macrophages and neutrophils can be activated to produce large amounts of peroxynitrite. We are interested in simple chemicals that are non-toxic that could inhibit or destroy peroxynitrite, which might otherwise cause inappropriate damage to blood and tissues. Green tea is a complex mixture containing several potent major antioxidant constituents, eg flavins and/or polyphenols. The constituents in green tea may react directly or indirectly with peroxynitrite or its constituents through the process of antioxidation to inhibit light. Alternatively, compounds could produce superoxide which, when reacted with nitric oxide, could produce more peroxynitrite and hence more light with luminol. Therefore, as the tea or antioxidants from tea are diluted, while the peroxynitrite or its precursors are kept at a constant concentration, one can observe unusual behaviour regarding light emission. Initially, at high doses of tea or antioxidant, one observes clear inhibition of the light generated from the reaction of peroxynitrite and luminol. However, at dilute concentrations of antioxidants, one can often observe stimulation of light. Possible reasons for these observations are discussed.
BIMBINGAN KONSELING KEAGAMAAN BAGI KESEHATAN MENTAL LANSIA

Fase kehidupan manusia setelah kelahiran yaitu: bayi, kanak- kanak, anak-anak, remaja, tua, lansia. Di mana setiap fase memiliki karakteristik dan tugas perkembangan yang berbeda serta tingkatan perkembangan keagamaannya. Lansia sebagai manusia dewasa, diharapkan keagamaannya sudah matang sehingga mampu membedakan antara yang baik dan buruk. Sehingga dalam merespon ajaran agama secara psikis sudah mantap dalam melakukan penghayatan, baik secara eksistensial dan fungsional maka terwujudlah kepribadian yang sesuai dengan nilai-nilai agama secara integral. Meskipun lansia akan menghadapi berbagai masalah: penurunan dan keterbatasan kemampuan fisik, kondisi mental yang kesepian setelah pensiun, keterlibatan organisasi sosial dan aktivitas beribadah yang terbatas, kegiatan hobby yang tertunda, dan lain-lain. Namun pada umumnya permasalahan yang dihadapi pada usia lansia adalah gangguan fisik yang tidak memungkinkan lagi dalam merespon ajaran agama se-optimal seperti pada usia remaja maupun pada masa dewasa (meskipun tidak menafikan ada sebagian lanjut usia yang masih kuat secara fisiknya). Semua masalah lansia membutuhkan solusi secara komprehensif agar mendapatkan kehidupan yang bahagia. R E LIGIOUS COUNSELING GUIDANCE M EN T A L HEALTH FOR ELDERLY Phase of human life after birth, namely: baby, child, children, teenagers, parents, the elderly. Where each phase has characteristics and different development tasks and level of religious development. Elderly as an adult human, religious ripe expected to be able to distinguish between good and bad. So that in response to the religious teachings of psychic been steady in doing appreciation, both existential and functional, the realization of personality in accordance with religious values are integral. Although the elderly will face many problems: the decline and limited physical capabilities, mental condition lonely after retirement, the involvement of social organizations and activities are limited to worship, hobby activities were delayed, and others. But in general, the problems faced by the age of the elderly is a physical disorder is no longer possible in responding to religious teachings as optimal as in adolescence and in adulthood (although it does not deny there are some elderly who are still strong physical). Regarding the religious life of the elderly is William James stated that the religious life of an extraordinary look at old age, due to the turmoil of sexual life at this age are not aggressive anymore. And all the problems elderly people need a comprehensive solution in order to have a happy life.
firestar—advances in the prediction of functionally important residues

firestar is a server for predicting catalytic and ligand-binding residues in protein sequences. Here, we present the important developments since the first release of firestar. Previous versions of the server required human interpretation of the results; the server is now fully automatized. firestar has been implemented as a web service and can now be run in high-throughput mode. Prediction coverage has been greatly improved with the extension of the FireDB database and the addition of alignments generated by HHsearch. Ligands in FireDB are now classified for biological relevance. Many of the changes have been motivated by the critical assessment of techniques for protein structure prediction (CASP) ligand-binding prediction experiment, which provided us with a framework to test the performance of firestar. URL: http://firedb.bioinfo. cnio.es/Php/FireStar.php.
Neighborhood description and flocking behavior analysis of swarm robots based on fuzzy logic

The control algorithm on coordination behavior of a flocking system consists of three components; they are collision avoidance, cohesion and alignment. The three components are realized by application of interactions between the agents in the system as well as guidance of the environment. To achieve better coordination through interactions between agents, the concept of fuzzy neighborhood is introduced in this paper. And the fuzzy grading is utilized to describe it. For agent i , the intensities of neighborhood, characterized by numbers in the range of 0–1, vary with the distances between the other agents 1and agent i . The smaller the distance, the larger the intensity and its value tends closer to 1; the larger the distance, the weaker the intensity and its value tends closer to 0. By this method, interactions and coordination between agents have been built to obtain the ultimate coordination of the flocking system.
Identification of Amino Acids Essential for Estrone-3-Sulfate Transport within Transmembrane Domain 2 of Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B1

As an important structure in membrane proteins, transmembrane domains have been found to be crucial for properly targeting the protein to cell membrane as well as carrying out transport functions in transporters. Computer analysis of OATP sequences revealed transmembrane domain 2 (TM2) is among those transmembrane domains that have high amino acid identities within different family members. In the present study, we identify four amino acids (Asp70, Phe73, Glu74, and Gly76) that are essential for the transport function of OATP1B1, an OATP member that is specifically expressed in the human liver. A substitution of these four amino acids with alanine resulted in significantly reduced transport activity. Further mutagenesis showed the charged property of Asp70 and Glu74 is critical for proper function of the transporter protein. Comparison of the kinetic parameters indicated that Asp70 is likely to interact with the substrate while Glu74 may be involved in stabilizing the binding site through formation of a salt-bridge. The aromatic ring structure of Phe73 seems to play an important role because substitution of Phe73 with tyrosine, another amino acid with a similar structure, led to partially restored transport function. On the other hand, replacement of Gly76 with either alanine or valine could not recover the function of the transporter. Considering the nature of a transmembrane helix, we proposed that Gly76 may be important for maintaining the proper structure of the protein. Interestingly, when subjected to transport function analysis of higher concentration of esteone-3-sulfate (50 µM) that corresponds to the low affinity binding site of OATP1B1, mutants of Phe73, Glu74, and Gly76 all showed a transport function that is comparable to that of the wild-type, suggesting these amino acids may have less impact on the low affinity component of esteone-3-sulfate within OATP1B1, while Asp 70 seems to be involved in the interaction of both sites.
Transderivational Relationships in Chamorro Phonology

The Saipan dialect of Chamorro displays certain transderivational relationships that hold optionally between complex words and the non-complex forms from which they are derived. These relationships are examined, and it is argued that phonological theory must either allow optionally-cyclic rule application, or else recognize a class of transderivational phenomena for which the cycle cannot account. *
Red Diffuse Light Suppresses the Accelerated Perception of Fear

Prioritization of affective events may occur via two parallel pathways originating from the retina—a parvocellular (P) pathway projecting to ventral-stream structures responsible for object recognition or a faster and phylogenetically older magnocellular (M) pathway projecting to dorsal-stream structures responsible for localization and action. It has previously been demonstrated that retinal exposure to red diffuse light suppresses M-cell neural activity. We tested whether the fast propagation along the dorsal-action pathway drives an accelerated conduction of fear-based content. Using a visual prior-entry procedure, we assessed accelerated stimulus perception while either suppressing the M pathway with red diffuse light or leaving it unaffected with green diffuse light. We show that the encoding of fearful faces is accelerated, but not when M-channel activity is suppressed, revealing a dissociation that implicates a privileged neural link between emotion and action that begins at the retina.
Functional Connectivity Relationships Predict Similarities in Task Activation and Pattern Information during Associative Memory Encoding

Neural systems may be characterized by measuring functional interactions in the healthy brain, but it is unclear whether components of systems defined in this way share functional properties. For instance, within the medial temporal lobes (MTL), different subregions show different patterns of cortical connectivity. It is unknown, however, whether these intrinsic connections predict similarities in how these regions respond during memory encoding. Here, we defined brain networks using resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) then quantified the functional similarity of regions within each network during an associative memory encoding task. Results showed that anterior MTL regions affiliated with a network of anterior temporal cortical regions, whereas posterior MTL regions affiliated with a network of posterior medial cortical regions. Importantly, these connectivity relationships also predicted similarities among regions during the associative memory task. Both in terms of task-evoked activation and trial-specific information carried in multivoxel patterns, regions within each network were more similar to one another than were regions in different networks. These findings suggest that functional heterogeneity among MTL subregions may be related to their participation in distinct large-scale cortical systems involved in memory. At a more general level, the results suggest that components of neural systems defined on the basis of RSFC share similar functional properties in terms of recruitment during cognitive tasks and information carried in voxel patterns.
Mesocosm CO 2 perturbation studies: from organism to community level

experiments and small-scale incubations of mixed assemblages. Among these, stud-ies on plankton organisms have primarily focussed on coccolithophores (Riebesell etal., 2000; Zondervan et al., 2001, 2002; Sciandra et al., 2003; Leonardos and Geider,2005; Langer et al., 2006), diatoms (Burkhardt et al., 2001; Rost et al., 2003), dinoﬂag-ellates (Rost et al., 2006), the diazotrophic cyanobacterium
The Capsaicin-Sensitive Afferent Neuron in Skeletal Muscle Is Abnormal in Heart Failure

Background—In heart failure, the cardiovascular response to activation of the skeletal muscle exercise pressor reflex (EPR) is exaggerated. Group IV afferent neurons, primarily stimulated by the metabolic by-products of skeletal muscle work, contribute significantly to the EPR. Therefore, it was postulated that alterations in the activity of group IV neurons contribute to the EPR dysfunction manifest in heart failure. Methods and Results—Group IV afferent fibers were ablated in neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats by subcutaneous administration of capsaicin. In neonatal capsaicin-treated adult animals, selective activation of the EPR, by electrically induced static muscle contraction, recapitulated the exaggerated increases in heart rate and blood pressure observed in rats with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Furthermore, compared with control animals, both neonatal capsaicin-treated and DCM rats displayed a decreased pressor response to the intra-arterial administration of capsaicin within the hindlimb, a maneuver that selectively excites group IV afferent neurons. Moreover, expression of mRNA for the capsaicin receptor TRPv1, a marker of group IV fibers, was downregulated in DCM animals compared with controls. Conclusions—These findings suggest that EPR dysfunction in heart failure results in part from functional and molecular alterations in group IV fibers. Furthermore, the responsiveness of these metabolically sensitive neurons appears to be blunted in DCM, indicating that their contribution to the EPR may be reduced. This occurs despite an overall exaggeration of the EPR in heart failure. These insights into the basic mechanisms of EPR dysfunction are essential to the development of effective therapeutic strategies aimed at improving exercise capacity in heart failure.
Effects of Ventricular Premature Stimulus Coupling Interval on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Turbulence

Background—Heart rate turbulence (HRT) is a promising noninvasive risk stratifier for mortality after myocardial infarction. On the basis of a study of ventricular premature complex coupling interval and sympathetic nerve burst amplitude, we hypothesized that measures of HRT would increase with increased prematurity of the coupling interval. Methods and Results—Twenty-eight patients undergoing programmed electrical stimulation were studied (12 with prior myocardial infarction, aged 60±18 years). An extrastimulus was delivered from the right ventricular apex after 20 sinus beats with a V-S2 coupling interval decremented by 20 to 30 ms until refractoriness was reached. Turbulence slope (TS), turbulence timing (TT), and turbulence onset were calculated for each extrastimulus, and the linear regressions of these parameters on coupling interval and compensatory pause were calculated. Arterial blood pressure was measured with arterial catheter or a noninvasive continuous blood pressure transducer (Buffington cuff). TS and turbulence onset were abnormal in 4 and 13 patients, respectively. HRT parameters were significantly correlated with coupling interval or compensatory pause in only 2 or 3 patients for a given regression analysis. This absence of correlation was found likely to be due to lack of correlation between compensatory pause and systolic blood pressure after the compensatory pause. Heart rate and TS were correlated: Patients with high heart rate had low TS and late TT (TS=−2.7+0.01×sinus cycle length, P =0.018; TT=8.8 to 0.005×sinus cycle length, P =0.013). Conclusions—HRT can be induced by programmed stimulation. In this setting, heart rate affects HRT but not ventricular premature complex prematurity. Induced HRT seems to be a valid method for measuring HRT parameters in patients with few ventricular premature complexes.
Introduction : Leadership , Decision Making , and Underexplored Issues in Decision Making

3 Who needs another book on decision making? How can yet another volume on such a familiar, well-worn topic be justifi ed in an already crowded fi eld? How presumptuous. What can be said that has not already been said? What value-added contribution can justify the efforts of those who think they have something new to say? No doubt, such responses typify the initial reactions shared by many who—like you—have picked up this volume to investigate its contents. Long before we offi cially launched this ambitious project, we pondered these and other questions at length. We have returned to them many times since. What justifi es the addition of this volume to an already crowded fi eld? What new insights about decision making can be shared with educational leaders that have not been shared? These are legitimate questions that we hope to reasonably address in this volume. A cursory review of the literature on decision making reveals a vast, multidisciplinary literature. Whether searching Google online, perusing the catalogue of one's favorite library or plodding through ERIC or SSI using carefully chosen descriptors, one is quickly struck by the breadth, depth, quantity, and persistence of this literature. Much has been written. There is much to be read. The sheer volume of the decision-making literature is in many ways telling. Its proliferation underscores the centrality of decision making to individual and collective life. At the individual level, Heidegger (1962) and Jaspers (1968) remind us that life is about the decisions we make day-by-day, moment-by-moment. Each of us is the sum total of past decisions. These decisions in turn determine the future we eventually create. Less philosophical yet as important is the role decision making plays in defi ning the many social collectives of which we are part. As the dominant structural feature of society (Scott, 2002) formal organizations provide the principle mechanism for realizing ends that lie beyond the abilities of
Does home visiting prevent childhood injury? A systematic review of randomised controlled trials

Abstract Objective: To quantify the effectiveness of home visiting programmes in the prevention of child injury and child abuse. Design: Systematic review of 11 randomised controlled trials of home visiting programmes. Pooled odds ratios were estimated as an inverse variance weighted average of the study specific odds ratios. Setting: Randomised trials that were available by April 1995. Subjects: The trials comprised 3433 participants. Results: Eight trials examined the effectiveness of home visiting in the prevention of childhood injury. The pooled odds ratio for the eight trials was 0.74 (95% confidence interval 0.60 to 0.92). Four studies examined the effect of home visiting on injury in the first year of life. The pooled odds ratio was 0.98 (0.62 to 1.53). Nine trials examined the effect of home visiting on the occurrence of suspected abuse, reported abuse, or out of home placement for child abuse. Because of the potential for bias in outcome reporting in these studies, pooled effect estimates were not calculated. Conclusions: Home visiting programmes have the potential to reduce significantly the rates of childhood injury. The problem of differential surveillance for child abuse between intervention and control groups precludes the use of reported abuse as a valid outcome measure in controlled trials of home visiting. Key messages Key messages Home visiting has been proposed as a prevention strategy, but the results from randomised trials are conflicting This systematic review of randomised trials shows that home visiting can substantially reduce rates of child injury No consistent effect on child abuse was found, but differential surveillance for child abuse between visited groups and control groups is an important weakness in many trials The role of health visitors and non-professionals in the prevention of child injury deserves further attention
A Group File Encryption Method using Dynamic System Environment Key

File encryption is an effective way for an enterprise to prevent its data from being lost. However, the data may still be deliberately or inadvertently leaked out by the insiders or customers. When the sensitive data are leaked, it often results in huge monetary damages and credit loss. In this paper, we propose a novel group file encryption/decryption method, named the Group File Encryption Method using Dynamic System Environment Key (GEMS for short), which provides users with auto crypt, authentication, authorization, and auditing security schemes by utilizing a group key and a system environment key. In the GEMS, the important parameters are hidden and stored in different devices to avoid them from being cracked easily. Besides, it can resist known-key and eavesdropping attacks to achieve a very high security level, which is practically useful in securing an enterprise's and a government's private data.