Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Early-time Optical Properties of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows

We present a multiwavelength analysis of 63 Gamma-Ray Bursts observed with the world’s three largest robotic optical telescopes, the Liverpool and Faulkes Telescopes (North and South). Optical emission was detected for 24 GRBs with brightnesses ranging from R = 10 to 22 mag in the first 10 minutes after the burst. By comparing optical and X-ray light curves from t = 100 to ∼ 10 seconds, we introduce four main classes, defined by the presence or absence of temporal breaks at optical and/or X-ray wavelengths. While 15/24 GRBs can be modelled with the forward-shock model, explanation of the remaining nine is very challenging in the standard framework even with the introduction of energy injection or an ambient density gradient. Early X-ray afterglows, even segments of light curves described by a power-law, may be due to additional emission from the central engine. 39 GRBs in our sample were not detected and have deep upper limits (R < 22 mag) at early time. Of these, only ten were identified by other facilities, primarily at near infrared wavelengths, resulting in a dark burst fraction of ∼50%. Additional emission in the early time X-ray afterglow due to late-time central engine activity may also explain some dark bursts by making the bursts brighter than expected in the X-ray band compared to the optical band. Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Twelve Quays House, Egerton Wharf, Birkenhead, CH41 1LD, UK Università di Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento di Fisica, piazza della Scienze 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via Bianchi 46, 23807 Merate (LC), Italy FMF, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
Rapidity distributions in exclusive Z + jet and photon + jet events in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

Rapidity distributions are presented for events containing either a Z boson or a photon with a single jet in proton-proton collisions produced at the CERN LHC. The data, collected with the CMS detector at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 inverse femtobarns. The individual rapidity distributions of the boson and the jet are consistent within 5% with expectations from perturbative QCD. However, QCD predictions for the sum and the difference in rapidities of the two final-state objects show discrepancies with CMS data. In particular, next-to-leading-order QCD calculations, and two common Monte Carlo event generators using different methods to match matrix-element partons with parton showers, appear inconsistent with the data as well as with each other.
ESTIMATING BLACK HOLE MASSES IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI USING THE Mg ii λ2800 EMISSION LINE

We investigate the relationship between the linewidths of broad Mg ii λ2800 and Hβ in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to refine them as tools to estimate black hole (BH) masses. We perform a detailed spectral analysis of a large sample of AGNs at intermediate redshifts selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, along with a smaller sample of archival ultraviolet spectra for nearby sources monitored with reverberation mapping (RM). Careful attention is devoted to accurate spectral decomposition, especially in the treatment of narrow-line blending and Fe ii contamination. We show that, contrary to popular belief, the velocity width of Mg ii tends to be smaller than that of Hβ, suggesting that the two species are not cospatial in the broad-line region. Using these findings and recently updated BH mass measurements from RM, we present a new calibration of the empirical prescriptions for estimating virial BH masses for AGNs using the broad Mg ii and Hβ lines. We show that the BH masses derived from our new formalisms show subtle but important differences compared to some of the mass estimators currently used in the literature.
Metal-insulator transition and electrically-driven memristive characteristics of SmNiO3 thin films

The correlated oxide SmNiO3 (SNO) exhibits an insulator to metal transition (MIT) at 130 {\deg}C in bulk form. We report on synthesis and electron transport in SNO films deposited on LaAlO3 (LAO) and Si single crystals. X-ray diffraction studies show that compressively strained single-phase SNO grows epitaxially on LAO while on Si, mixed oxide phases are observed. MIT is observed in resistance-temperature measurements in films grown on both substrates, with charge transport in-plane for LAO/SNO films and out-of-plane for Si/SNO films. Electrically-driven memristive behavior is realized in LAO/SNO films, suggesting that SNO may be relevant for neuromorphic devices.
DISK CORONA INTERACTION: MECHANISM FOR THE DISK TRUNCATION AND SPECTRUM CHANGE IN LOW-LUMINOSITY ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI

The truncation of an optically thick, geometrically thin accretion disk is investigated in the context of low-luminosity AGNs (LLAGNs). We generalize the disk evaporation model used in the interpretative framework of black hole X-ray binaries by including the effect of a magnetic field in accretion disks surrounding supermassive black holes. The critical transition mass accretion rate for which the disk is truncated is found to be insensitive to magnetic effects, but its inclusion leads to a smaller truncation radius in comparison to a model without its consideration. That is, a thin viscous disk is truncated for LLAGNs at an Eddington ratio less than 0.03 for a standard viscosity parameter (α = 0.3). An increase of the viscosity parameter results in a higher critical transition mass accretion rate and a correspondingly smaller truncation distance, the latter accentuated by greater magnetic energy densities in the disk. Based on these results, the truncation radii inferred from spectral fits of LLAGNs published in the literature are consistent with the disk evaporation model. The infrared emission arising from the truncated geometrically thin accretion disks may be responsible for the red bump seen in such LLAGNs.
A Virtual Voltage Field-Weakening Scheme of Trajectory Correction for PMSM Model Predictive Control

The finite-control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) is an effective control method for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives with multiple constraints. However, it suffers from the trajectory deviation in the field-weakening region due to the model mismatch. In addition, the inherent discreteness of FCS-MPC further hinders the continuous prescribed trajectory in the field-weakening region. To address this problem, a field-weakening scheme with virtual voltage is studied to realize trajectory correction through the feedback mechanism. The concept of virtual voltage is proposed and constructed with continuous, excess, and perturbed components. The three components are extracted from the model characteristics, the predicted current error, and the disturbing current, which provide continuity, field-weakening trigger, and parametric immunity for the virtual voltage, respectively. Comparison experiments are conducted on the FPGA+ARM-based PMSM test rig to validate the dynamic performance and trajectory deviation immunity in the field-weakening region.
Investigation of Rotational Magnetization Under Non-Sinusoidal Excitation for Non-Oriented Material

Rotational loss forms a significant portion of total core losses in electrical machines. The influence of harmonics on the behavior of magnetic materials is inevitable as these machines are mostly supplied by power electronic converters. Minor loops in hysteresis curves due to harmonics lead to additional losses. While the case of alternating induction (1-D magnetization) with harmonics is thoroughly considered in the literature, the assessment of the effect of rotational magnetization (2-D magnetization) has not yet been done adequately. A qualitative evaluation of rotational hysteresis loops in the presence of minor loops is carried out. The impact of minor loops in the evolution of hysteresis loops under rotating fields is examined. A peculiar behavior of interleaving of hysteresis loops under rotational magnetization is observed, which will affect the total core loss. This analysis can be used to visualize flux patterns on account of rotational magnetization and to accurately predict the performance of a machine during its predesign stage.
DETECTING ADIABATIC CONTRACTION IN ROTATION CURVES

We examine the structure of adiabatically contracted Einasto profiles, using the prescriptions of Blumenthal et al. and Gnedin et al., and its impact on rotation curves. Adiabatically contracted halos display a central power index of ∼0.7 ± 0.1 for nearly all values of the Einasto shape parameter α, and are well fit inside ≲ 1 kpc by double power laws. However, attempts to fit exponential disk and uncontracted halos to adiabatically contracted rotation curves yield disk masses and central power indices that are too large. We also determine whether or not the rotation curve of NGC 6503 displays evidence of adiabatic contraction using previously published bar formation constraints, and find that NGC 6503 most likely has a minimally contracted halo. However, this conclusion depends on the correct choice of circular velocity curve.
A NEW HARDWARE CORRELATOR IN KOREA: PERFORMANCE EVALUATION USING KVN OBSERVATIONS

We report results of the performance evaluation of a new hardware correlator in Korea, the Daejeon correlator, developed by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) and the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ). We conduct Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations at 22 GHz with the Korean VLBI Network (KVN) in Korea and the VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA) in Japan, and correlated the aquired data with the Daejeon correlator. For evaluating the performance of the new hardware correlator, we compare the correlation outputs from the Daejeon correlator for KVN observations with those from a software correlator, the Distributed FX (DiFX). We investigate the correlated flux densities and brightness distributions of extragalactic compact radio sources. The comparison of the two correlator outputs shows that they are consistent with each other within < 8%, which is comparable with the amplitude calibration uncertainties of KVN observations at 22 GHz. We also find that the 8% difference in flux density is caused mainly by (a) the difference in the way of fringe phase tracking between the DiFX software correlator and the Daejeon hardware correlator, and (b) an unusual pattern (a double-layer pattern) of the amplitude correlation output from the Daejeon correlator. The visibility amplitude loss by the double-layer pattern is as small as 3%. We conclude that the new hardware correlator produces reasonable correlation outputs for continuum observations, which are consistent with the outputs from the DiFX software correlator.
RIS-Empowered Ambient Backscatter Communication Systems

Passive tags must harvest sufficient energy to operate. However, ensuring the tag’s energy needs and simultaneously suppressing the interference in ambient backscatter systems is challenging. To meet this, we employ a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) to amplify the ambient source signal that reaches the tag. We maximize the achievable rate by optimizing the RIS phase-shifts subject to the tag’s energy harvesting constraint. Specifically, the phase-shifts are optimized to increase the tag’s received power while suppressing the direct-and-RIS-cascaded link interference. The optimization problem is non-convex, and we convexify it by means of fractional programming and a quadratic transformation. In comparison to a benchmark, our optimal phase-shift design provides ~150% and ~250% gains in harvested power and achieved rate, respectively, at 20 dB m transmit power.
“Second-class citizens”: framing domestic migrant workers in Vietnamese news media during the fourth wave of COVID-19

Abstract This study investigates how domestic migrant workers were framed in Vietnamese news media during the country’s fourth wave of COVID-19. Although the experience of domestic migrant workers in urban settings has been a relevant issue of studies among domestic and international academia, few papers have looked at migrant workers from the perspective of communication and media study. In an attempt to fill this knowledge gap, 239 news articles about migrant workers taken from three major Vietnamese online newspapers from April 27 to December 31, 2021, were content analyzed to understand how migrant workers were portrayed in the news media. Five generic news frames, (i) Economic consequences, (ii) Conflict, (iii) Human interest, (iv) Morality, and (v) Attribution of responsibility, were used for coding. It is found that migrant workers were multidimensionally depicted in the media as both pitiful, vulnerable, and helpless victims of the pandemic and objects of blame for new outbreaks, but the “victim” portrayal was more prevalent. Such findings align with previous studies on the framing of outgroups, i.e., immigrants, asylum seekers, and refugees, especially during medical crises.
Dark matter subhalos and unidentified sources in the Fermi 3FGL source catalog

If dark matter consists of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), dark matter subhalos in the Milky Way could be detectable as gamma-ray point sources due to WIMP annihilation. In this work, we perform an updated study of the detectability of dark matter subhalos as gamma-ray sources with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi LAT). We use the results of the Via Lactea II simulation, scaled to the Planck 2015 cosmological parameters, to predict the local dark matter subhalo distribution. Under optimistic assumptions for the WIMP parameters—a 40 GeV particle annihilating to bb̄ with a thermal cross-section, as required to explain the Galactic center GeV excess—we predict that at most ∼ 10 subhalos might be present in the third Fermi LAT source catalog (3FGL). This is a smaller number than has been predicted by prior studies, and we discuss the origin of this difference. We also compare our predictions for the detectability of subhalos with the number of subhalo candidate sources in 3FGL, and derive upper limits on the WIMP annihilation cross-section as a function of the particle mass. If a dark matter interpretation could be excluded for all 3FGL sources, our constraints would be competitive with those found by indirect searches using other targets, such as known Milky Way satellite galaxies.
COVID-19 Rumor Detection Using Psycho-Linguistic Features

During the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, the social media was flooded with misinformation. Irrespective of the type of the misinformation, such contents played a significant role in increasing confusion among people in the middle of an ongoing crisis. The purpose of the study is to investigate the nature of a specific type of misinformation, i.e., rumors, surrounding COVID-19. The study utilizes a publicly available and labelled Twitter dataset and proposes a novel feature space, which can detect rumor instances with high accuracy. The proposed feature space not only includes content-based features, but also includes psycho-linguistic features to further study the characteristics of the content from the perspectives of linguistics and psychology. The use of psycho-linguistic features has been utilised to understand certain dramatisation of text in the domain of conspiracy propagation and fake news detection. However, the use of such dramatisation detection approach has never been used for the purposes of rumor detection. Our study first outlines the differences between these categories of misinformation propagation and clarifies where rumor fits-in under the broader umbrella of misinformation. It further outlines how the use of psycho-linguistic features can also improve the detection accuracy of rumors on social media. The study demonstrates through multiple experimental setups that psycho-linguistic features improves the detection accuracy and associated performance measures, such as precision and recall, for COVID-19 rumors on Twitter. The observed improvements are consistent across multiple machine learning models.
First-principles thermal equation of state and thermoelasticity of hcp Fe at high pressures

We investigate the equation of state and elastic properties of hcp iron at high pressures and high temperatures using first principles linear response linear-muffin-tin-orbital method in the generalized-gradient approximation. We calculate the Helmholtz free energy as a function of volume, temperature, and volume-conserving strains, including the electronic excitation contributions from band structures and lattice vibrational contributions from quasi-harmonic lattice dynamics. We perform detailed investigations on the behavior of elastic moduli and equation of state properties as functions of temperature and pressure, including the pressure-volume equation of state, bulk modulus, the thermal expansion coefficient, the Gruneisen ratio, and the shock Hugoniot. Detailed comparison has been made with available experimental measurements and theoretical predictions.
The Design of Mobile Robot Heading Control using Fuzzy Logic Controller

This paper introduces the design and implementation of mobile robot heading control using fuzzy logic control, then analyzes the response of the control system. The BNO055 sensor is used to determine the heading value in the mobile robot. The fuzzy method used is the mamdani method. In the fuzzy logic control process, it uses 1 input, namely the heading error and 1 output, namely the speed motor. Based on the test results, the application of fuzzy logic control for heading control at setpoints 90°, 180°, and 270° has successive rise time values of 2047 ms, 4141 ms, and 6203 ms, consecutive settling time values of 3831.2 ms, 5859 ms, and 8640 ms, an overshoot value is 0% and a steady state error value is 0%.
Poster: DNS in Routers Considered Harmful

To save costs residential routers often do not implement most of the functionalities and security features of DNS, yet they still contain DNS forwarders which merely proxy the clients' requests to another address. These forwarders separate the network configuration of the internal client network from the network of the ISP. This provides connectivity without the need for synchronization. History of cache poisoning attacks shows however that such simplified implementations expose a wide range of vulnerabilities. We propose to remove DNS from routers. We show that the performance impact is negligible, while security gain is substantial. We discuss a number of ways for implementing our approach
Laparoscopic real-time en-face differential optical topography of near-surface heterogeneity by using an applicator probe with the maximum-density radially alternating illumination and detection fiber-channels

We demonstrate a laparoscopic applicator probe and a method thereof for real-time en-face topographic mapping of near-surface heterogeneity for potential use in intraoperative margin assessment during minimally invasive oncological procedures. The probe fits in a 12mm port and houses at its maximum 128 copper-coated 750um fibers that form radially alternating illumination (70 fibers) and detection (58 fibers) channels. By simultaneously illuminating the 70 source channels of the probe that is in contact with a scattering medium and concurrently measuring the light diffusely propagated to the 58 detector channels, the presence of near-surface optical heterogeneities can be resolved in an en-face 9.5mm field-of-view in real-time. Visualization of a subsurface margin of strong attenuation contrast at a depth up to 3mm is demonstrated at one wavelength at a frame rate of 1.25Hz.
The inefficiency of satellite accretion in forming extended star clusters

ABSTRACT The distinction between globular clusters and dwarf galaxies has been progressivelyblurred by the recent discoveries of several extended star clusters, with size (20− 30pc) and luminosity (−6<M v <−2) comparable to the one of faint dwarf spheroidals.In order to explain their sparse structure, it has been suggested that they formed asstar clusters in dwarf galaxy satellites that later accreted onto the Milky Way. If theseclusters form in the centre of dwarf galaxies, they evolve in a tidally-compressiveenvironment where the contribution of the tides to the virial balance can becomesigniﬁcant, and lead to a super-virial state and subsequent expansion of the cluster,once removed. Using N-body simulations, we show that a cluster formed in such anextreme environment undergoes a sizable expansion, during the drastic variation of theexternal tidal ﬁeld due to the accretion process. However, we show that the expansiondue to the removal of the compressive tides is not enough to explain the observedextended structure, since the stellar systems resulting from this process are alwaysmore compact than the corresponding clusters that expand in isolation due to two-body relaxation. We conclude that an accreted origin of extended globular clustersis unlikely to explain their large spatial extent, and rather favor the hypothesis thatsuch clusters are already extended at the stage of their formation.Key words: method: numerical, galaxy: globular clusters: general
Orbital order in bilayer graphene at filling factor ν = − 1

In a graphene bilayer with Bernal stacking, both $n=0$ and $n=1$ orbital Landau levels have zero kinetic energy. An electronic state in the $N=0$ Landau level consequently has three quantum numbers in addition to its guiding center label: its spin, its valley index $K$ or ${K}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, and an orbital quantum number $n=0,1$. The two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in the bilayer supports a wide variety of broken-symmetry states in which the pseudospins associated with these three quantum numbers order in a manner that is dependent on both filling factor $\ensuremath{\nu}$ and the electric potential difference between the layers. In this paper, we study the case of $\ensuremath{\nu}=\ensuremath{-}1$ in an external field strong enough to freeze electronic spins. We show that an electric potential difference between layers drives a series of transitions, starting from an interlayer-coherent state (ICS) at small potential and leading to an orbitally coherent state (OCS) that is polarized in a single layer. Orbital pseudospins carry electric dipoles with orientations that are ordered in the OCS and have Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions that can lead to spiral instabilities. We show that the microwave absorption spectra of ICSs and OCSs are sharply distinct.
A novel regeneration protocol for LA Lilium

Lilium is a high value ornamental crop and its demand particularly LA hybrids is growing day by day. To utilize the high regeneration potential in Lilium, transverse thin cell layer sections were excised from in vitro bulb scales of LA Lilium hybrid cv. Brindisi and inoculated on MS medium with 3% sucrose, 0.8% agar and varied concentration of 6-BAP, NAA and 2,4-D. Results showed that Protocorm like Bodies (PLBâ€™s) were directly being induced from the surface of t TCL explant. These protocorm like bodies are unipolar structure forming shoot and further developed root when transferred to rooting medium. When NAA was fortified with 6-BAP in MS medium, its regeneration percentage was recorded maximum in the combination 6-BAP (2 mg/l) and NAA (0.50) mg/l), whereas, maximum number of adventitious shoots per explant were recorded in 6-BAP (3 mg/l) and NAA (0.50) mg/l). Although, adventitious shoot buds were also produced on hormones free medium but at a very slow rate. The regeneration percentage was enhanced in the presence of NAA as compared to 2, 4-D when supplemented with 6-BAP. The regenerated bulblets were best rooted in IBA supplemented with Â½ MS medium and hardened in the glass jar.