Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Moving Beyond Dyadic Ties: A Network Theory of Stakeholder Influences

Stakeholder theory development has increased in recent years, in part because of its emphasis on explaining and predicting how an organization functions with respect to the relationships and influences existing in its environment. Thus far. most researchers have concentrated on dyadic relationships between individual stakeholders and a focal organization. Using social network analysis, I construct in this article a theory of stakeholder influences, which accommodates multiple, interdependent stakeholder demands and predicts how organizations respond to the simultaneous influence of multiple stakeholders.
Price Competition, Innovation and Profitability: Theory and UK Evidence

This Paper examines the effect of price competition on innovation, market structure and profitability in R&D-intensive industries. The theoretical predictions are tested using UK data on the evolution of competition, concentration, innovation counts and profitability over 1952-77. The econometric results suggest that the introduction of restrictive practices legislation in the UK had no significant effect on the number of innovations commercialized in previously cartelized R&D-intensive manufacturing industries, while it caused a significant rise in concentration in these industries. In the short run profitability decreased, but in the long run it was restored through the rise in concentration.
A Lexically-Driven Algorithm for Disfluency Detection

This paper describes a transformation-based learning approach to disfluency detection in speech transcripts using primarily lexical features. Our method produces comparable results to two other systems that make heavy use of prosodic features, thus demonstrating that reasonable performance can be achieved without extensive prosodic cues. In addition, we show that it is possible to facilitate the identification of less frequently disfluent discourse markers by taking speaker style into account.
BubbleTree: an intuitive visualization to elucidate tumoral aneuploidy and clonality using next generation sequencing data

Tumors are characterized by properties of genetic instability, heterogeneity, and significant oligoclonality. Elucidating this intratumoral heterogeneity is challenging but important. In this study, we propose a framework, BubbleTree, to characterize the tumor clonality using next generation sequencing (NGS) data. BubbleTree simultaneously elucidates the complexity of a tumor biopsy, estimating cancerous cell purity, tumor ploidy, allele-specific copy number, and clonality and represents this in an intuitive graph. We further developed a three-step heuristic method to automate the interpretation of the BubbleTree graph, using a divide-and-conquer strategy. In this study, we demonstrated the performance of BubbleTree with comparisons to similar commonly used tools such as THetA2, ABSOLUTE, AbsCN-seq and ASCAT, using both simulated and patient-derived data. BubbleTree outperformed these tools, particularly in identifying tumor subclonal populations and polyploidy. We further demonstrated BubbleTree's utility in tracking clonality changes from patients’ primary to metastatic tumor and dating somatic single nucleotide and copy number variants along the tumor clonal evolution. Overall, the BubbleTree graph and corresponding model is a powerful approach to provide a comprehensive spectrum of the heterogeneous tumor karyotype in human tumors. BubbleTree is R-based and freely available to the research community (https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/BubbleTree.html).
Cognitive processes in writing during pause and execution periods

The present study investigated how writing processes are activated during pause and execution periods. In two experiments, handwriting demands were manipulated by asking participants to compose with their familiar handwriting or with a high-demanding cursive uppercase calligraphy. Experiment 1 investigated narrative writing, a task with low planning demands. Experiment 2 addressed essay writing, a task with stronger planning demands. Occurrences of processes and their cognitive effort were analysed by asking participants to respond to random auditory probes and then to report their ongoing mental activity according to learned categories referring to the planning, translating, and revising writing processes. All together, the findings indicate that demands on planning did not affect how writing processes were activated during pauses and execution periods but automaticity of handwriting did. When handwriting was effortless, translating was mostly activated in parallel with motor execution, whereas revising and planning were mainly activated during pauses. However, none of the writing processes could be characterised as being typical of pauses, since translating was activated to a similar extent as the other two processes. By contrast, when handwriting was effortful, participants shifted to a more sequential functioning and activated translating mainly during pauses.
Dependency Parsing of Hungarian: Baseline Results and Challenges

Hungarian is a stereotype of morphologically rich and non-configurational languages. Here, we introduce results on dependency parsing of Hungarian that employ a 80K, multi-domain, fully manually annotated corpus, the Szeged Dependency Treebank. We show that the results achieved by state-of-the-art data-driven parsers on Hungarian and English (which is at the other end of the configurational-non-configurational spectrum) are quite similar to each other in terms of attachment scores. We reveal the reasons for this and present a systematic and comparative linguistically motivated error analysis on both languages. This analysis highlights that addressing the language-specific phenomena is required for a further remarkable error reduction.
Fantasy-Testing-Assessment: A Proposed Model for the Investigation of Mate Selection.

A model for mate selection is proposed which outlines three distinct modes of interpersonal relating-fantasy, testing and assessment (FTA). Each mode does not necessarily lead to another in the process of selecting a mate. The model is viewed as a more accurate representation of mate selection processes than those suggested by earlier theories. The potential for utilizing the model to clarify a couple's understandings of their own relationships is underscored.
Beneficial effects of probiotics in upper respiratory tract infections and their mechanical actions to antagonize pathogens

Probiotics are live micro‐organisms with beneficial effects on human health, which have the ability to counteract infections at different locations of the body. Clinical trials have shown that probiotics can be used as preventive and therapeutic agents in upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and otitis. Their mechanical properties allow them to aggregate and to compete with pathogens for nutrients, space and attachment to host cells. Consequently, they can directly antagonize pathogens and thus exert beneficial effects without directly affecting the metabolism of the host. An overview of the probiotics with such traits, tested up to date in clinical trials for the prevention or treatment of URTIs and otitis, is presented in this review. Their mechanical properties in the respiratory tract as well as at other locations are also cited. Species with interesting in vitro properties towards pharyngeal cells or against common respiratory pathogens have also been included. The potential safety risks of the cited species are then discussed. This review could be of help in the screening of probiotic strains with specific mechanical properties susceptible to have positive effects in clinical trials against URTIs.
Talent in autism: hyper-systemizing, hyper-attention to detail and sensory hypersensitivity

We argue that hyper-systemizing predisposes individuals to show talent, and review evidence that hyper-systemizing is part of the cognitive style of people with autism spectrum conditions (ASC). We then clarify the hyper-systemizing theory, contrasting it to the weak central coherence (WCC) and executive dysfunction (ED) theories. The ED theory has difficulty explaining the existence of talent in ASC. While both hyper-systemizing and WCC theories postulate excellent attention to detail, by itself excellent attention to detail will not produce talent. By contrast, the hyper-systemizing theory argues that the excellent attention to detail is directed towards detecting ‘if p, then q’ rules (or [input–operation–output] reasoning). Such law-based pattern recognition systems can produce talent in systemizable domains. Finally, we argue that the excellent attention to detail in ASC is itself a consequence of sensory hypersensitivity. We review an experiment from our laboratory demonstrating sensory hypersensitivity detection thresholds in vision. We conclude that the origins of the association between autism and talent begin at the sensory level, include excellent attention to detail and end with hyper-systemizing.
On the Functional Role of Implicit Visual Memory for the Adaptive Deployment of Attention Across Scenes

Although very little visual information is explicitly retained across views, some continuity of processing is afforded by implicit visual memory traces of previous views. These memory traces interact with attentional mechanisms to guide eye movements, cognition, and action. Two different memory mechanisms are described here. First, the deployments of focal attention and eye movements are facilitated towards recently attended features and locations (priming of popout). Second, attention is guided by implicit memory traces of specific visual contexts experienced in the past (contextual cueing). Compared to the visual memory tapped by change blindness tasks, the implicit memory mechanisms of priming of popout and contextual cueing do not require conscious intervention and may exhibit greater memory capacity, longer durability, and higher discriminability. Thus, these implicit traces of past views guide attention and eye movements to allow for effective access (indexing) to a scene's details, hence providing context and continuity to ongoing interactions with the perceptual world.
High order Fuchsian equations for the square lattice Ising model:

We consider the Fuchsian linear differential equation obtained (modulo a prime) for , the five-particle contribution to the susceptibility of the square lattice Ising model. We show that one can understand the factorization of the corresponding linear differential operator from calculations using just a single prime. A particular linear combination of and can be removed from and the resulting series is annihilated by a high order globally nilpotent linear ODE. The corresponding (minimal order) linear differential operator, of order 29, splits into factors of small orders. A fifth-order linear differential operator occurs as the left-most factor of the ‘depleted’ differential operator and it is shown to be equivalent to the symmetric fourth power of LE, the linear differential operator corresponding to the elliptic integral E. This result generalizes what we have found for the lower order terms and . We conjecture that a linear differential operator equivalent to a symmetric (n − 1) th power of LE occurs as a left-most factor in the minimal order linear differential operators for all 's.
A Proprioceptive Role for an Exteroceptive Mechanoafferent Neuron in Aplysia

Afferent regulation of centrally generated activity is likely to be more complex than has been established. We show that a neuron that is an exteroceptor can also function as a proprioceptor. We study theAplysia neuron B21. Previous data suggest that B21 functions as an exteroceptor during the radula closing/retraction phase of ingestive feeding. We show that the tissue innervated by B21, the subradula tissue (SRT), is innervated by a motor neuron (B66) and that B66-induced SRT contractions trigger centripetal spikes in B21. Thus, B21 is also a proprioceptor. To determine whether exteroceptive and proprioceptive activities occur during the same phase of ingestive feeding, we further characterize B66. We show that B66 stimulation does not close or retract the radula. Instead it opens it. Moreover, B66 is electrically coupled to other opening/protraction neurons. Finally, we elicit motor programs in semi-intact preparations and show that during radula opening/protraction we observe B66 activity, SRT contractions, and spikes in B21 that can be eliminated if B66 is indirectly hyperpolarized. B21 is, therefore, likely to act as an exteroceptor during one phase of ingestive feeding and as a proprioceptor during the antagonistic phase. Previous experiments have shown that centripetal spikes in B21 are only transmitted to one follower if they are “gated in” by depolarization. During ingestive programs B21 is centrally depolarized during closing/retraction, but it is not depolarized during opening/protraction. We sought to determine whether there are other followers that receive B21 input when it is not centrally depolarized. We found one such cell. Moreover, we found that stimulation of B21 during radula opening/protraction significantly decreases the duration of this phase of behavior. Thus, proprioceptive activity in B21 is likely to have an impact on motor programs.
Implant-prosthodontic classification of the edentulous jaw for treatment planning with fixed rehabilitations.

PURPOSE This study aimed to develop a classification of edentulous jaws for use as a diagnostic tool during implant-prosthodontic treatment planning. MATERIALS AND METHODS The morphology of 200 fully edentulous alveolar ridges (100 maxillae, 100 mandibles) was assessed with cone beam computed tomography. Generic implants (length: 8 mm; diameter: 4.1 mm) were used. To develop the classification system, the feasibility of virtually placing the implants without vertical ridge augmentation was considered. Potential implant sites were evaluated in terms of ridge width and described as either type A (no horizontal augmentation required) or type B (horizontal augmentation required). A descriptive statistical analysis of subjects' age, sex, and arch classification was performed. RESULTS In total, 880 implants were virtually planned. Based on alveolar ridge height, four arch patterns were identified (C1 to C4), providing a basis for prosthodontic planning with either removable or fixed implant-supported restorations. The frequencies of each category were as follows: C3 (n = 62, 62%), C4 (n = 16, 16%), C2 (n = 12, 12%), and C1 (n = 10, 10%) for the maxilla and C3 (n = 36, 36%), C4 (n = 31, 31%), C1 (n = 24, 24%), and C2 (n = 9, 9%) for the mandible. CONCLUSION The proposed classification of the edentulous arch represents a useful tool for communication between clinicians when planning implant-supported rehabilitations.
BAALC and ERG expression in acute myeloid leukemia with normal karyotype: impact on prognosis

Cytogenetic aberrations are important prognostic factors in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). About 45% of de novo AML lack cytogenetic abnormalities, so identification of predictive molecular markers might improve therapy. We studied the prognostic impact of brain and acute leukemia, cytoplasmic (BAALC) and ETS‐related gene (ERG) expression in AML with normal karyotype. Pretreatment bone marrow samples from 30 cytogenetically normal AML patients were analysed for BAALC and ERG expression using real time RT‐PCR. The patients were dichotomized at BAALC and ERG mean expression into low and high expression. BAALC showed high expression in 70% of patients and its expression did not correlate with the clinical parameters of patients. ERG was high in 33.3% of patients and its expression was associated with lower ages and higher white cell counts. With follow‐up for 2 years, patients with high BAALC and high ERG had low rates of clinical remission (P < 0.005) and inferior overall survival (OS) (P < 0.001 and <0.002 for BAALC and ERG respectively). No significant association was observed between the increase in BAALC and ERG expression (P = 0.398). Multivariable analysis confirmed high BAALC expression as an independent risk factor for OS. Overexpression of BAALC and ERG either separate or concomitant predict adverse clinical outcome and may define important risk factor in cytogenetically normal AML.
Iterative Decoding for the Concatenation of LDPC Codes and BCH Codes Based on Chase Algorithm

In this paper, an iterative joint decoding algorithm for low density parity check codes with BCH codes based on Chase algorithm is proposed. After a certain number of iterations, the soft output values delivered by belief propagation algorithm of LDPC codes are used as reliability values to perform Chase decoding of BCH codes. And BCH decoder also will return soft information to LDPC decoder as input. This approach presents an option scheme for LDPC with medium length because of the relevant presence of short loops. It allows to bridge the gap between error performance and maximum likelihood decoding. Simulation result for the scheme is given
Extending Building Information Models into Game Engines

The use of detailed building plans and models is common in the construction management domain. Also there is increasing interest in the reuse of such models to realize 3D interactive virtual environments to aid model refinement and for use as training environments, for example virtual site visits. Unfortunately, the development of interactive virtual environments is both time consuming and technically difficult. One successful approach is the reuse of gaming technology to provide the underlying virtual environment and to allow developers to focus on importing appropriate content, e.g. building geometry and textures. Building Information Modelling (BIM) provides a rich source of building data and is an ideal basis for constructing realistic virtual environments. This paper overviews the conversion from BIM to game engines and specifically from the BIM tool Revit to the Unity3D game engine in a case study.
Clinical, physiological and radiological features of asthma with incomplete reversibility of airflow obstruction compared with those of COPD.

OBJECTIVES To compare clinical features, pulmonary function and high-resolution computed chest tomography (HRCT) findings of asthmatic patients with a component of incomplete reversibility of airflow obstruction (AIRAO) with those of patients with smoking-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS Thirteen patients with COPD (six males and seven females, mean age 59 years, mean smoking 50.5 pack-years) and 14 patients with AIRAO (six males and eight females, mean age 52 years) despite optimal treatment, with no significant smoking history (mean 1.5 pack-years) and no significant environmental exposure or any other respiratory disease, were studied. Patients had respiratory questionnaires, pulmonary function tests, allergy skin-prick tests and an HRCT to evaluate possible parenchymal or bronchial abnormalities. Eight patients in each group also had exercise tests. All patients were stable at the time of the study. RESULTS As expected, atopy was more prevalent in AIRAO (n=13) than in COPD (n=1) patients. Mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (percentage of predicted value) were 39% and 61%, respectively, in COPD patients and 49% and 71%, respectively, in AIRAO patients; FEV1 improved by 18% in COPD patients and and by 22% in AIRAO patients after use of inhaled salbutamol. Mean functional residual capacity was greater in COPD patients than in AIRAO patients (178% versus 144% of the predicted value), while the mean carbon monoxide diffusing capacity of the lungs (DLCO) was lower in COPD patients than in AIRAO patients (62% versus 89% of the predicted value). Exercise tolerance was similar in both groups, as were postexercise changes in arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2). Emphysematous changes were observed in COPD patients and AIRAO patients who had evaluable HRCTs (10 versus two patients, although very mild in asthma), bronchial dilations (zero versus six patients), bronchial wall thickening (two versus eight patients) and an acinar pattern (one versus five patients). Mean thickness of the large airway wall to outer diameter (intermediary bronchus) ratio was 0.176 in COPD and 0.183 in AIRAO (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Asthma may lead to physiological features similar to COPD but may be distinguished by demonstrating a preserved DLCO and a higher ratio of airway to parenchymal abnormalities on HRCT scan.
Correcting Chinese Spelling Errors with Word Lattice Decoding

Chinese spell checkers are more difficult to develop because of two language features: 1) there are no word boundaries, and a character may function as a word or a word morpheme; and 2) the Chinese character set contains more than ten thousand characters. The former makes it difficult for a spell checker to detect spelling errors, and the latter makes it difficult for a spell checker to construct error models. We develop a word lattice decoding model for a Chinese spell checker that addresses these difficulties. The model performs word segmentation and error correction simultaneously, thereby solving the word boundary problem. The model corrects nonword errors as well as real-word errors. In order to better estimate the error distribution of large character sets for error models, we also propose a methodology to extract spelling error samples automatically from the Google web 1T corpus. Due to the large quantity of data in the Google web 1T corpus, many spelling error samples can be extracted, better reflecting spelling error distributions in the real world. Finally, in order to improve the spell checker for real applications, we produce n-best suggestions for spelling error corrections. We test our proposed approach with the Bakeoff 2013 CSC Datasets; the results show that the proposed methods with the error model significantly outperform the performance of Chinese spell checkers that do not use error models.
The pyrethroid knock‐down resistance gene in the Anopheles gambiae complex in Mali and further indication of incipient speciation within An. gambiae s.s.

In Mali the Anopheles gambiae complex consists of An. arabiensis and Mopti, Savanna and Bamako chromosomal forms of An. gambiae s.s. Previous chromosomal data suggests a complete reproductive isolation among these forms. Sequence analysis of rDNA regions led to the characterization of two molecular forms of An. gambiae, named M‐form and S‐form, which in Mali correspond to Mopti and to Savanna/Bamako, respectively, while it has failed so far to show any molecular difference between Savanna and Bamako. The population structure of An. gambiae s.l. was analysed in three villages in the Bamako and Sikasso areas of Mali and the frequency of pyrethroid resistance of the knock‐down resistance (kdr) type was calculated. The results show that the kdr allele is associated only with the Savanna form populations and absent in sympatric and synchronous populations of Bamako, Mopti and An. arabiensis. This is the first molecular indication of barriers to gene flow between the Bamako and Savanna chromosomal forms. Moreover, analyses of specimens collected in the Bamako area in 1987 show that the kdr allele was already present in the Savanna population at that time, and that the frequency of this allele has gradually increased since then.
Simultaneous Tracking of Both Hands by Estimation of Erroneous Observations

Thearticulate motionof thehandmakesit very difficult to track thehands while performing a gesture.Simultaneoustrackingof both hands needsto dealwith largeinterframevariationsin shape,clutterandmutual occlusion. In this paper , we presenta robustmethodfor localizing thehandregion by tracking even in the presence of severe occlusion.We develop a model for tracking two rectangularwindows,eachboundingoneof thehands,usingthe condensationalgorithm. We proposea new methodfor dealingwith occlusionsby estimatingtheoccludedobservations in termsof thenon-occluded obser vationsandtheirpredictedvalues,yielding very reliableresults.