Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ab Initio Calculations of the Atomic Structure, Stability, and Electronic Properties of (C6H10O5)2 Encapsulation into Hydrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotube

This research investigated the Hydrogen doping of the single-walled carbon nanotube (HCNT) with encapsulated cellulose, (C6H10O5)2, and provide theoretical predictions on the properties of the resulting complex system. After full structural optimization, two different bond lengths and angles in the HCNT and (C6H10O5)2/HCNT system were calculated. Further, it was found that substitutional H atoms acted as charge acceptors and drove necessary rearrangements in the valence region. The (C6H10O5)2 caused some peaks at the valence band mainly caused by the p orbitals of the oxygen atoms. A bandgap decrease has been observed for the (C6H10O5)2/HCNT system. The results are consistent with the previous works which demonstrated the possibility of band gap engineering in CNTs.
ATP synthase-associated CHCH domain proteins are critical for mitochondrial function in Toxoplasma gondii

Coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix (CHCH) domains consist of two pairs of cysteine residues that are oxidized to form disulfide bonds upon mitochondrial import. Proteins containing these domains play important roles in mitochondrial ultrastructure and in the biogenesis, function, and stability of electron transport chain complexes. Interestingly, recent investigations of the Toxoplasma gondii ATP synthase identified subunits containing CHCH domains. As CHCH domain proteins have never been found in any other ATP synthase, their role in T. gondii was unclear. Using conditional gene knockdown systems, we show that two T. gondii ATP synthase subunits containing CHCH domains are essential for the lytic cycle as well as stability and function of the ATP synthase. Further, we illustrated that knockdown disrupts multiple aspects of mitochondrial morphology. Mutation of key residues in the CHCH domains also caused mislocalization of the proteins. This work provides insight into the divergent aspects of the apicomplexan ATP synthase, which could uncover future drug targets.
Modelling the erythroblastic island niche of dyserythropoietic anaemia type IV patients using induced pluripotent stem cells

Congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia (CDA) type IV has been associated with an amino acid substitution, Glu325Lys (E325K), in the transcription factor KLF1. These patients present with a range of symptoms, including the persistence of nucleated red blood cells (RBCs) in the peripheral blood which reflects the known role for KLF1 within the erythroid cell lineage. The final stages of RBCs maturation and enucleation take place within the erythroblastic island (EBI) niche in close association with EBI macrophages. It is not known whether the detrimental effects of the E325K mutation in KLF1 are restricted to the erythroid lineage or whether deficiencies in macrophages associated with their niche also contribute to the disease pathology. To address this question, we generated an in vitro model of the human EBI niche using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from a CDA type IV patient as well as iPSCs genetically modified to express an KLF1-E325K-ERT2 protein that could be activated with 4OH-tamoxifen. CDA patient-derived iPSCs and iPSCs expressing the activated KLF1-E325K-ERT2 protein showed significant deficiencies in the production of erythroid cells with associated disruption of some known KLF1 target genes. Macrophages could be generated from all iPSC lines but when the E325K-ERT2 fusion protein was activated, we noted the generation of a slightly less mature macrophage population marked by CD93. A subtle reduction in their ability to support RBC maturation was also associated with macrophages carrying the E325K-ERT2 transgene. Taken together these data support the notion that the clinically significant effects of the KLF1-E325K mutation are primarily associated with deficiencies in the erythroid lineage but that deficiencies in the niche might have the potential to exacerbate the condition. The strategy we describe provides a powerful approach to assess the effects of other mutations in KLF1 as well as other factors associated with the EBI niche.
Review of Integrative Analysis Challenges in Systems Biology

In the pharmaceutical industry, systems biology is making a paradigm shift in drug discovery from target-focused to a systems approach. It studies the molecular level changes in a biological system as an integrated and interacting network of genes, proteins, and metabolites instead of focusing on individual components. Integrative analysis of molecular level data becomes very important in unraveling the complex relationship and interactions in the biological system. One way to conduct integrative analysis is to identify correlations among genes, proteins, and metabolites. There are various analytic challenges: data preprocessing from various omics platforms; the number of variables much larger than the number of subjects; wide differences in the number of variables per platform leading to imbalance in the platform contributions to the analysis; the issues of multicollinearity and multiple testing; and difficulty in proper model validation to avoid selection bias. This article is a comprehensive review of statistical methods that address analysis challenges in integrative data.
Book Review : Statistical Factor Analysis and Related Methods: Theory and Application

for the distribution of the responses (~c;19 x;z, ., x,) collected from N individuals, where i = 1, . , TV. The mixture model is analyzed directly, under various plausible simplifying assumptions such as conditional independence of the xs given the to provide estimates of or inferences about the response-specific parameters Dj, the person-specific parameters 8;, or the population parameters A and ~. Bartholomew’s (1987) text explores this approach fully. An older answer, under which most of the ideas of latent variable and factor models were first developed, stems from the observation that for many important problems the mixture model reduces to the linear representation
The treatment of electronic excitations in atomistic models of radiation damage in metals

Atomistic simulations are a primary means of understanding the damage done to metallic materials by high energy particulate radiation. In many situations the electrons in a target material are known to exert a strong influence on the rate and type of damage. The dynamic exchange of energy between electrons and ions can act to damp the ionic motion, to inhibit the production of defects or to quench in damage, depending on the situation. Finding ways to incorporate these electronic effects into atomistic simulations of radiation damage is a topic of current major interest, driven by materials science challenges in diverse areas such as energy production and device manufacture. In this review, we discuss the range of approaches that have been used to tackle these challenges. We compare augmented classical models of various kinds and consider recent work applying semi-classical techniques to allow the explicit incorporation of quantum mechanical electrons within atomistic simulations of radiation damage. We also outline the body of theoretical work on stopping power and electron–phonon coupling used to inform efforts to incorporate electronic effects in atomistic simulations and to evaluate their performance.
Full color stereoscopy with little flicker at low refresh rate by time-division multiplexing anaglyph

In the present paper we propose a time-division multiplexing anaglyph method to realize full color stereoscopy with little flicker at the low refresh rate of 60 Hz, which is compatible with the conventional 2D displays. Because of the low refresh rate, applying time-division multiplexing method using shutter glasses to conventional displays results in severe flicker. To overcome this problem, we propose a time-division multiplexing anaglyph method, where the green components of right-eye image is shown to the right eye and the red and blue component of left-eye image is shown to the left eye at odd frames, while the red and blue component of right-eye image is shown to the right eye and the green components of left-eye image is shown to the left eye at even frames. We carry out an experiment to let the subjects see time-division multiplexing anaglyph images and the result shows that flicker can be reduced to an acceptable level by the proposed method. The proposed method can also be applied to widening the viewing angle of time-division multiplexing integral imaging.
A Robust Tracking Algorithm in Crowded Environment

Reliable tracking of multiple people in cluttered or complex situations is a challenging visual surveillance problem since the high density of objects results in occlusion. In order to deal with this problem, multiple synchronized cameras were mounted at various heights in our experiment. To ensure the existence of the homography, it is necessary to assume that different views share a common dominant ground plane. Thus, corresponding people have to be located within the multi-camera surveillance system, accurate multi-people localizing is an important prerequisite to reliable tracking. In this paper, we present a novel approach to fusing foreground information on planes of different height from multiple views to increase accurateness of localization. Our method does not require fully camera calibration. First we obtain the foreground likelihood maps in each view by modeling the background using codebook algorithm. Then we compute homographies induced by multiple planes and obtain the localization of multiple people at multiple planes. Finally, we adopt an algorithm of feature-based using Kalman filter motion to handle multiple objects tracking at multiple plane. The experimental results show that our method is valid and has nice robustness to the occlusion in crowed environments.
Space Vector Taylor–Fourier Models for Synchrophasor, Frequency, and ROCOF Measurements in Three-Phase Systems

Taylor–Fourier (TF) filters represent a powerful tool to design phasor measurement unit (PMU) algorithms able to estimate synchrophasor, frequency, and rate of change of frequency (ROCOF). The resulting techniques are based on dynamic representations of the synchrophasor, and hence, they are particularly suitable to track the evolution of its parameters during time-varying conditions. Electrical quantities in power systems are typically three-phase and weakly unbalanced, but most PMU measurement techniques are developed by considering them as a set of three single-phase signals; on the contrary, this peculiarity can be favorably exploited to improve accuracy and reduce the computational cost. In this respect, this paper proposes to directly perform the TF expansion of the space vector (SV) samples obtained from three-phase measurements. A new paradigm allows to independently estimate positive and negative sequence synchrophasors along with system frequency and ROCOF, leveraging the three-phase characteristics. The performance of the proposed technique is assessed by using test signals inspired by the standard IEEE C37.118. 1-2011, including noise as well as magnitude and phase unbalance. Achieved results highlight the flexibility of the enhanced SV-based approach, which is capable to combine excellent dynamic performance together with an accurate estimation of both positive and negative sequence components.
Characterization of nanoplasmonic structures by locally excited photoluminescence

A method is presented for the characterization of locally enhanced fields at laser-irradiated metal nanostructures. Excitation with 120 fs laser pulses gives rise to photoluminescence mediated by two-photon absorption. A metal tip used to locally scatter the photoluminescence renders a map of regions with high field strengths. Near-field photoluminescence images of particle clusters reveal the dipole nature of the electromagnetic field surrounding the particles. Spectra acquired with and without the presence of the tip show no significant shift of the surface plasmon resonance of the particle clusters, confirming that the tip acts as a passive probe.
Averaged Multivalued Solutions for Scalar Conservation Laws

A time discretization is introduced for scalar conservation laws, which consists in averaging (in an appropriate sense) the generally multivalued solution given by the classical method of characteristics. Convergence toward the physical solutions satisfying the entropy condition is proved. Several numerical schemes are deduced after a full discretization, either with respect to the space variable (various known schemes are then recognized), or with respect to the phase variable (which leads to a space grid free scheme). Generalizations are considered toward systems of conservation laws and bidimensional scalar conservation laws.
The collapse to equilibrium of rotating, adiabatic spheroids. I - Protostars

The role that rotation plays during the dynamic collapse of a protostellar gas cloud is examined here under the assumptions that the cloud conserves angular momentum and evolves along a fixed adiabat. An analytic model is presented that predicts what the final radius, density, temperature, and rate of rotation of the protostellar cloud will be for any chosen adiabatic exponent of the gas from the knowledge only of what the cloud's initial ratio of thermal to gravitational energy (.cap alpha./sub 0/) and the initial ratio of rotational to gravitational energy (.beta./sub 0/) are. Assuming that all gas clouds are susceptible to fragmentation if they collapse to configurations having . beta. > or =0.274, the model also predicts, from initial conditions alone, when a protostellar object will fragment into a multiple stellar system. All isothermal evolutions lead to fragmentation; evolutions in which the adiabatic exponent is greater than 3/4 are susceptible to fragmentation only if . cap alpha. /sub 0/ is very small.
Gamma‐Ray Line Emission from Radioactive Isotopes in Stars and Galaxies

Our modern laboratory of nuclear physics has expanded to encompass parts of the universe, or at least our Galaxy. Gamma rays emitted by the decays of radioactive nuclei testify to the production of isotopes through nuclear processes in astrophysical events. We collect measurements of the Galactic γ‐ray sky in spectral lines attributed to the decay of radioactive 7Be, 22Na, 26Al, 44Ti, 56Ni, 57Ni, and 60Fe. We organize and collate these measurements with models for the production sites in novae, supernovae, stellar interiors, and interstellar cosmic‐ray interactions. We discuss the physical processes and the spatial distribution of these production sites, along with models of the chemical evolution of the Galaxy. Highlights of measurements made in the last decade include detailed images of the Galaxy in 26Al radioactivity and detection of 56Co and 57Co from SN 1987A, 44Ti from Cas A, and possibly 56Ni from SN 1991T. The 26Al mapping of recent Galactic nucleosynthesis may be considered as a new view on the entire ensemble of massive stars in the Galaxy. The local Cygnus region shows prominent radioactive emission from well‐known stellar clusters, but the absence of γ‐rays from the closest Wolf‐Rayet star, WR 11, in the Vela region is puzzling. SN 1987A studies in γ‐rays measure the radioactive powering of the supernova light curve directly, which will be particularly important for the dim late phase powered by 44Ti. The 57Ni/56Ni isotopic ratio determinations from γ‐rays provide additional guidance for understanding SN 1987A's complex light curve and now appear to be uniformly settling to about twice the solar ratio. Cas A 44Ti production as measured through γ‐rays presents the interesting puzzle of hiding the expected, coproduced, and large 56Ni radioactivity. Core‐collapse supernova models need to parameterize the inner boundary conditions of the supernova in one way or another, and now enjoy another measurement of the ejecta that is definitely originating from very close to the difficult regime of the mass cut between ejecta and compact remnant. Other relevant measurements of cosmic element abundances, such as observations of atomic lines from the outer shells of the production sites or meteoritic analysis of interstellar grains, complement the rather direct measurements of penetrating γ‐rays, thus enhancing the observational constraints of nuclear astrophysics models.
Design and Calibration of a Local Heat-Flux Measurement System for Unsteady Flows

A local heat-flux measurement system was built, calibrated, and testedfor use in unsteady flows. The system was designed to maintainconstant-wall-temperature boundary conditions. The measuring element is athin-film heat flux gage made by sputter-coating gold onto a substrate.A constant-temperature anemometer is used to maintain the thin-film gage at aspecified temperature under fluctuating conditions. A separate temperaturecontrol system maintains the surrounding boundary at the gage temperature.The system was calibrated for both steady and unsteady flows using a speciallydesigned calibrator for local heat flux gages. The steady calibration was donewith predominantly convective heat transfer. The unsteady calibration wasachieved by adding oscillating radiant energy to the surface. Consequently,quantitative result can be obtained for both the mean and fluctuating componentsof the heat transfer. The frequency response was good to over 90 H/ital z/. Sample results are presented of the unsteady heat transfer over a circularcylinder caused by natural vortex shedding at 70 to 80 H/ital z/.
A 4.8 AND 8.6 GHz SURVEY OF THE SMALL MAGELLANIC CLOUD: THE IMAGES

Detailed 4.8 and 8.6 GHz radio images of the entire Small Magellanic Cloud with half-power beamwidths of 35″ at 4.8 GHz and 22″ at 8.6 GHz have been obtained using the Australia Telescope Compact Array. A total of 3564 mosaic positions were used to cover an area of 4. °5 on a side. Full polarimetric observations were made. These images have sufficient spatial resolution (∼9 and 6 pc, respectively) and sensitivity (3σ of 1.5 mJy beam−1) to identify most of the individual supernova remnants and H ii regions and also, in combination with available data from the Parkes 64 m telescope, the structure of the smooth emission in that galaxy. In addition, limited data using the sixth antenna at 4.5–6 km baselines are available to distinguish bright point sources (< 3 and 2 arcsec, respectively) and to help estimate sizes of individual sources smaller than the resolution of the full survey. The resultant database will be valuable for statistical studies and comparisons with X-ray, optical and infrared surveys of the Small Magellanic Cloud with similar resolution. The images and calibrated uv data are publicly available in FITS format.
Progress in development of new μSR spectrometer at RIKEN-RAL

A new μSR spectrometer has been developed at the RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility, UK. The spectrometer comprises two significantly advantageous devices of accurate magnets and multi-channel counter system for efficient use of the highly intense muon beam. A commissioning test to commence operation is in progress toward new μSR experiments under various conditions.
Polychotomous quantal response by maximum indicant

where (D is the standardized normal distribution function, and A and B are unknown parameters. The purpose of an informative experiment which subjects n units to a stimulus, the ith unit receiving strength xi, is simply the estimation of the parameters A and B, or some function of them, for example -A/B, the so-called LD50. The mechanism traditionally visualized in this confrontation between stimulus and subject is that each subject has some specific natural tolerance to the stimulus and will respond if and only if the strength of the stimulus applied exceeds this value. On the assumption that tolerance is N(,t, o2), i.e. normally distributed with mean It and variance o2, over the experimental units, the probability that a unit, chosen at random, responds to a stimulus strength x is
Prediction Heating and Cooling Loads of Building Using Evolutionary Grey Wolf Algorithms

This paper proposes using evolutionary grey wolf algorithm to predict the heating load (HL) and the cooling load (CL) of buildings. The proposed algorithm was constructed using 768 various residential buildings with eight input variables (relative compactness, surface area, wall area, roof area, overall height, orientation, glazing area, glazing area distribution) and two output variables. The experimental results are evaluated by comparative to previous work, geometric semantic genetic programming (GSGP), artificial neural network (ANN), support vector regression (SVR), evolutionary multivariate adaptive regression splines (EMARS), random forests (RF) and multilayer perceptron (MLP). The results prove that the proposed algorithm is competitive compared to the other machine learning algorithms.
Spitzer scheduling challenges: cold and warm

The primary scheduling requirement for the Spitzer Space Telescope has been to maximize observing efficiency while assuring spacecraft health and safety and meeting all observer- and project-imposed constraints. Scheduling drivers include adhering to the given Deep Space Network (DSN) allocations for all spacecraft communications, managing data volumes so the on-board data storage capacity is not exceeded, scheduling faint and bright objects so latent images do not damage observations, meeting sometimes difficult observational constraints, and maintaining the appropriate operational balance among the three instruments. The remaining flexibility is limited largely to the selection of unconstrained observations and optimizing slews. In a few cases, the project has succeeded in negotiating DSN tracks to accommodate very long observations of transiting planets (up to 52 hours to date with even longer requests anticipated). Observational efficiency has been excellent with approximately 7000 hours of executed science observations per year.
Stable discretization of scalar and constrained vectorial Perona–Malik equation

We survey recent results on analysis and numerics of the scalar Perona–Malik equation. A vectorial Perona–Malik equation is introduced to evolve unit vector fields for directional diffusion. For both cases, scalar and vectorial, fully discrete schemes are proposed which fulfill a discrete energy law, and satisfy a discrete sphere constraint in the vectorial case. Computational experiments are provided to illustrate quantitative behaviors, and compare with scalar total variation flow and heat flow of pharmonic maps.
Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization Dynamic Clustering Algorithm

This paper proposed a revised quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm utilizing comprehensive learning strategy to prevent the universal tendency of premature convergence, based on which introduced a novel data clustering algorithm as well. The optimal number of cluster could be automatically obtained by this novel clustering algorithm because a new special coding method for particles was used. Compared with another two dynamic clustering algorithms on five testing data sets, the proposed dynamic clustering algorithm based on the comprehensive learning strategy has the best performance and with the best potential application prospect.
Free-space coupling of a light beam into a symmetrical metal-cladding optical waveguide

We report on a coupling method, which transfers energy of a light beam from free space into a symmetrical metal-cladding optical waveguide from the top surface without employing the prism, grating, tapered film, and other coupling components. In the experiment, a glass flat with a thickness about 100 μm, sandwiched between two gold films is used as a guiding layer. A top gold film of 46 nm thick serves as a coupling layer as well as the cladding and a base gold film of 200 nm serves as the substrate of the waveguide. Up to 50% of the incident light energy fed into the waveguide has been demonstrated.