Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Specification of ontologies in C ASL *

This paper proposes to use CASL (Common Algebraic Specification Language; designed by CoFI – Common Framework Initiative) for formalising ontologies in FOL. The major advantage of C ASL over other specification techniques is its static strong typing and subtyping. Namely, using sorts (types) instead of unary predicates for the ontological categories gives the possibility to find unintended application of n-ary predicates during the type checking of C ASL. Another advantage of C ASL is its structuring facilities that provide renaming and hiding of symbols used in specifications and the instantiation of parametrised specifications. All this is supported by an evolving tool set for syntax and type analysis, called H ETS (Heterogeneous Tool Set), that provides the connection to various provers (interactive and automatic). The tool set allows the combination and detection of various different logics and sublogics. There is a further specialisation of C ASL related to the Semantic Web ontology language OWL-DL called CASL-DL (CASL-Description Logic). It gives, as a sublanguage of CASL, the ability to use automatic reasoners like Racer for inferences while using HETS for type checking of the predicates. A consistent view of the same ontology in CASL (for expressiveness) and C ASL-DL (for easier automated reasoning with tools like Fact and Racer) is provided by using H ETS. Moreover, the first-order axioms can be kept when using a first-order prover. It is well known that there are first-order provers that are as fast as Fact or Racer on description logic fragments, thus combining the best of both worlds. We use H ETS as a tool to exploit this possibility.
Smart Homes Design for People with Dementia

In this paper, we present a user-centred approach for designing and developing smart homes for people with dementia. In contrast to most of the existing literature related to dementia, the present approach aims at tailoring the system to the specific needs of dementia using a scenario-based methodology. Scenarios are based on typical dementia symptoms which are collected from research literatures and validated by dementia caregivers. They portray the common behaviour of people with dementia. Because they explain real-world situations, scenarios are meant to generalise the requirements of smart homes for people with dementia. Hence, a top-down approach is followed to summarise the content of the scenarios into the essential requirements for smart home frameworks dedicated to monitoring people with dementia.
Perceptions of orthodontic appliances among Grade Seven students and their parents

Abstract A survey of 468 Gracie Seven students and 437 parents in the North Brisbane region was undertaken to determine perceptions of orthodontic appliances. Based on responses to statements on the survey, a Perception Score was created for both students and parents in relation to both fixed and removable appliances. Both students and parents had more negative perceptions of fixed appliances than of removable appliances. Fixed appliances were perceived to attract more teasing, to cause more problems in the maintenance of oral hygiene and to be more painful than a removable plate. Respondents also felt that children would have to be more careful about what they eat when wearing fixed appliances. Approximately forty per cent of students and parents did not know whether teeth could be damaged by orthodontic appliances nor whether the appliances would cause discomfort. Parents had significantly more negative perceptions of both types of orthodontic appliances than did the students. The Perceptions scores were not significantly influenced by whether the students attended a private or public sector dentist, the frequency of dental visits, any history of orthodontic treatment, nor by the parents’ level of education and their occupations. A forewarning about experiences of orthodontic appliances would better prepare patients and assist operators in providing the community with a more comprehensive orthodontic service.
[Screening of glucosidase inhibitors from various fractions of Mulberry leaves].

OBJECTIVE To search for glucosidase inhibitors of various fractions extracted from mulberry leaves. METHOD The constituents of mulberry leaves water fraction were prepared by the process of boiling, condensing, precipitating, exchanging with resins and rinsing. In vitro glucosidase inhibitory activities were examined by photometric bioassay derived from rats. To investigate in vivo effect of lowering blood glucose, the mouse blood glucose level was assayed by glucose tolerance experiments. RESULT The glucosidase inhibitory activities were found in all the constituents of alkaloids, flavones and amyloses, the alkaloid constituent being the strongest. CONCLUSION The effect of reducing blood glucose of mulberry leaves is related to the inhibitory activities against glucosidase of different constituents.
Development of 2.4 MJ capacitor bank for electro thermal propulsion technology

A pulsed power supply of 2.4 MJ capacitor bank has been developed to make investigation into electric gun technology. It is made up of eight paralleled 300 kJ modules, and can supply various shapes of high current pulse by controlling charging voltage, inductance, capacitance, and firing time of each module. The 300 kJ module has been designed and fabricated for maximum operating voltage of 22 kV, peak current of 150 kA, and pulse duration of 1 msec. The equivalent circuit of the module was determined, and the experiments of the modules were done. The characteristics of the module were analyzed more deeply through circuit simulation. All the modules showed good performance under the condition of charging voltage of 22 kV, inductance of 20 /spl mu/H, and shorted load. The experiments of the paralleled modules with inductance of 20 /spl mu/H and load resistance of 100 m/spl Omega/ were performed, where the modules were discharged simultaneously and/or sequentially. The results of the experiments were analyzed. The 2.4 MJ capacitor bank is now used as the pulsed power supply for the ETC (electro thermal chemical) gun research.
SOLVABLE, GLOBALLY INTEGRAL, ULTRA-PARABOLIC MONOIDS OF SIMPLY KUMMER FUNCTORS AND THE MEASURABILITY OF RIGHT-EVERYWHERE ARTINIAN NUMBERS

Assume we are given an irreducible matrix P . Recent interest in hyper-algebraically anti-local, additive hulls has centered on extending scalars. We show that |y′′| > π. It is essential to consider that κ may be normal. It would be interesting to apply the techniques of [28] to semi-Artin–Levi-Civita polytopes.
Proofs of retrievability: theory and implementation

A proof of retrievability (POR) is a compact proof by a file system (prover) to a client (verifier) that a target file F is intact, in the sense that the client can fully recover it. As PORs incur lower communication complexity than transmission of F itself, they are an attractive building block for high-assurance remote storage systems. In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework for the design of PORs. Our framework improves the previously proposed POR constructions of Juels-Kaliski and Shacham-Waters, and also sheds light on the conceptual limitations of previous theoretical models for PORs. It supports a fully Byzantine adversarial model, carrying only the restriction---fundamental to all PORs---that the adversary's error rate be bounded when the client seeks to extract F. We propose a new variant on the Juels-Kaliski protocol and describe a prototype implementation. We demonstrate practical encoding even for files F whose size exceeds that of client main memory.
The Essential WD40 Protein Cia1 Is Involved in a Late Step of Cytosolic and Nuclear Iron-Sulfur Protein Assembly

ABSTRACT The assembly of cytosolic and nuclear iron-sulfur (Fe/S) proteins in yeast is dependent on the iron-sulfur cluster assembly and export machineries in mitochondria and three recently identified extramitochondrial proteins, the P-loop NTPases Cfd1 and Nbp35 and the hydrogenase-like Nar1. However, the molecular mechanism of Fe/S protein assembly in the cytosol is far from being understood, and more components are anticipated to take part in this process. Here, we have identified and functionally characterized a novel WD40 repeat protein, designated Cia1, as an essential component required for Fe/S cluster assembly in vivo on cytosolic and nuclear, but not mitochondrial, Fe/S proteins. Surprisingly, Nbp35 and Nar1, themselves Fe/S proteins, could assemble their Fe/S clusters in the absence of Cia1, demonstrating that these components act before Cia1. Consequently, Cia1 is involved in a late step of Fe/S cluster incorporation into target proteins. Coimmunoprecipitation assays demonstrated a specific interaction between Cia1 and Nar1. In contrast to the mostly cytosolic Nar1, Cia1 is preferentially localized to the nucleus, suggesting an additional function of Cia1. Taken together, our results indicate that Cia1 is a new member of the cytosolic Fe/S protein assembly (CIA) machinery participating in a step after Nbp35 and Nar1.
On global asymptotic controllability of planar affine nonlinear systems

In this paper, we present a necessary and sufficient condition for globally asymptotic controllability of the general planar affine nonlinear systems with single-input. This result is obtained by introducing a new method in the analysis, which is based on the use of some basic results in planar topology and in the geometric theory of ordinary differential equations.
Prefrontal Cortex Based Sex Differences in Tinnitus Perception: Same Tinnitus Intensity, Same Tinnitus Distress, Different Mood

Background Tinnitus refers to auditory phantom sensation. It is estimated that for 2% of the population this auditory phantom percept severely affects the quality of life, due to tinnitus related distress. Although the overall distress levels do not differ between sexes in tinnitus, females are more influenced by distress than males. Typically, pain, sleep, and depression are perceived as significantly more severe by female tinnitus patients. Studies on gender differences in emotional regulation indicate that females with high depressive symptoms show greater attention to emotion, and use less anti-rumination emotional repair strategies than males. Methodology The objective of this study was to verify whether the activity and connectivity of the resting brain is different for male and female tinnitus patients using resting-state EEG. Conclusions Females had a higher mean score than male tinnitus patients on the BDI–II. Female tinnitus patients differ from male tinnitus patients in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) extending to the frontopolar cortex in beta1 and beta2. The OFC is important for emotional processing of sounds. Increased functional alpha connectivity is found between the OFC, insula, subgenual anterior cingulate (sgACC), parahippocampal (PHC) areas and the auditory cortex in females. Our data suggest increased functional connectivity that binds tinnitus-related auditory cortex activity to auditory emotion-related areas via the PHC-sgACC connections resulting in a more depressive state even though the tinnitus intensity and tinnitus-related distress are not different from men. Comparing male tinnitus patients to a control group of males significant differences could be found for beta3 in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). The PCC might be related to cognitive and memory-related aspects of the tinnitus percept. Our results propose that sex influences in tinnitus research cannot be ignored and should be taken into account in functional imaging studies related to tinnitus.
Cylindrical wormholes

It is shown that the existence of static, cylindrically symmetric wormholes does not require violation of the weak or null energy conditions near the throat, and cylindrically symmetric wormhole geometries can appear with less exotic sources than wormholes whose throats have a spherical topology. Examples of exact wormhole solutions are given with scalar, spinor and electromagnetic fields as sources, and these fields are not necessarily phantom. In particular, there are wormhole solutions for a massless, minimally coupled scalar field in the presence of a negative cosmological constant, and for an azimuthal Maxwell electromagnetic field. All these solutions are not asymptotically flat. A no-go theorem is proved, according to which a flat (or string) asymptotic behavior on both sides of a cylindrical wormhole throat is impossible if the energy density of matter is everywhere nonnegative.
An emergent framework for realistic psychosocial behaviour in non player characters

This paper introduces a framework for emergent psychosocial behaviour in non player characters in video games. This framework uses concepts behind emergent gameplay to support the mechanics of designer-defined psychological and social concepts, undefined circumstances, and emergence. Based on this framework, a prototype system has been developed. This prototype has been evaluated for realistic emergent behaviour, and has been shown through experimentation to succeed in supporting emergent psychosocial behaviour. The work to date on the framework is encouraging and quite promising for continued work in this area in the future.
Divisive Conditioning: Further Results on Dilation

Conditioning can make imprecise probabilities uniformly more imprecise. We call this effect "dilation". In a previous paper (1993), Seidenfeld and Wasserman established some basic results about dilation. In this paper we further investigate dilation on several models. In particular, we consider conditions under which dilation persists under marginalization and we quantify the degree of dilation. We also show that dilation manifests itself asymptotically in certain robust Bayesian models and we characterize the rate at which dilation occurs.
The role of lipid peroxidation in arteriosclerosis.

Arteriosclerosis and its cardiovascular complications remain the number one cause of death in the United States and the Western World. There are many risk factors known to cause or accelerate the pathobiology of the atheromatous plaque. The evidence is rapidly accumulating to support the hypothesis that the quantity of lipid particles accumulating in the arterial wall and their rate of oxidation initiate and sustain the progression of the disease. Hemorrhage into the plaque may also contribute to plaque progression. The four known atherogenic lipid particles are: (a) fVLDL, (b) IDL, (c) LDL and (d) Lp (a). Chylomicron and VLDL fragments produced by lipase action on chylomicrons and VLDL are probably atherogenic in increased quantities and appear in the ,BVLDL fraction. The four atherogenic lipid particles traverse the endothelial cell to accumulate in the subendothelial space. The mechanism whereby the lipid particle traverses the endothelial cell is unknown. Evidence has accumulated to strongly support a role for lipid peroxidation in arteriosclerosis. The observation by Brown and Goldstein in 1979 that acetylation of LDL enhances macrophage uptake to form foam cells initiated intense investigation in this field (1). It has been found that copper-catalyzed oxidates of LDLc particles produce epitopes ofLDL that react with the macrophage scavenger receptor(s) resulting in unregulated uptake to form foam cells (2, 3, 4). Oxidation of LDL particles also occurs in tissue culture to form similar LDL epitopes (2, 3, 4). In tissue culture 15 lipoxygenase enzyme is thought to be responsible for most (> 70%) of LDL peroxidation (2, 3, 4). Other sources of free radicals are probable. Zanthine oxidase inhibition has been shown to decrease free radical injury. Cyclooxyginase is another possible producer of free radicals.
Protective CuO Coating Synthesis via Electrodeposition of Copper on AISI 430 Ferritic Steel for SOFC Interconnect Applications

In this work, electrodeposition of copper on AISI 430 steels substrate with relatively low current density followed by oxidation of Cu to form protective and conductive oxide layer is examined. Result shows that the activation by Ni strike plating on AISI 430 steels substrate prior to electroplating improves the coating ability of copper. Phase identification by XRD on the oxidized sample confirms that as coated Cu layer was transformed into CuO. The growth of CuO scales was relatively low and effectively prevents Cr outward diffusion from the ferritic steels.
Unemployment Risk and Precautionary Wealth: Evidence from Households' Balance Sheets

This paper examines precautionary behavior by relating job-loss risk to household net worth. We use existing best practice and some new strategies to deal with some problematic issues inherent in this literature regarding proxying uncertainty, instrumentation, and incorporating theoretical restrictions. We do not find precautionary variation in the wealth holdings of households with low permanent income, but do find precautionary effects for moderate and higher-income households. When the dependent variable is total net worth, these findings are robust to several alternative specifications. But we do not find precautionary responses in subaggregates of wealth that exclude home equity.
Design and experiments of a 6-dimensional spatial tracker for cheap hand motion measurements

This paper describes a design experience of a low-cost 6 DOF spatial tracker system where relative low accuracy and relatively long ranges, wireless communication will be achieved by means of low cost accelerometers and gyros with contemporary microprocessor. However, there are two key problems; one is the bias drift problem and the other is the single and double integration of acceleration signal suffers not only from noise but also from nonlinear effects caused by gravity. Several algorithms are proposed to cope with such problems, and verified by some successful experimental results.
Wettability and swelling of acetylated and furfurylated wood analyzed by multicycle Wilhelmy plate method

Abstract The wetting, dimensional stability and sorption properties of a range of modified wood samples obtained either by acetylation or furfurylation were compared with those of unmodified samples of the same wood species via a multicycle Wilhelmy plate method. Wettability measurements were performed with water and octane as the swelling and non-swelling liquids, respectively. It was found that acetylation reduces water uptake mainly by reducing the swelling. In comparison, furfurylation reduces both swelling and the void volume in the sample. To quantify the effect of the modification process of the wood properties, the parameters “liquid up-take reduction” and the “perimeter change reduction” were introduced, which were determined from multicycle Wilhelmy plate measurements. Compared with the acetylated wood, the furfurylated wood with a higher level of weight percent gain exhibited larger property changes on the surface and in terms of swelling and sorption properties.
Design Ethics: The Social Ethics Paradigm*

Technology is human behavior that transforms society and transforms the environment. Design is the cornerstone of technology. It is how we solve our problems, fulfill our needs, shape our world, change the future, and create new problems. From extraction to disposal in the life-cycle of a product, the design process is where we make the most important decisions; the decisions that determine most of the final product cost, and the decisions that determine most of the ethical costs and benefits. It is quintessentially an ethical process. Ethics is not an appendage to design but an integral part of it, and we advocate using the moral imagination to draw out the ethical implications of a design [1]. We will stress and develop the social ethics paradigm, because design is an iterative social process for making technical and social decisions that may itself be designed at each stage with different people at the table, different information flows, different normative relationships, different authority structures, and different social and environmental considerations in mind [2]. Despite the considerable recent growth in the literature and teaching of engineering ethics, it is constrained unnecessarily by focusing primarily on individual ethics using virtue, deontological, and consequentialist ethical theories. In contrast, the social ethics method requires an examination of the social arrangements for making decisions that is particularly relevant to the iterative, decisionmaking, design process. Different social arrangements may be made for making any decision, each of which arrangement embodies different ethical considerations and implications. Dewey argued in much the same way for a scientific and experimental approach to ethics in general: `What is needed is intelligent examination of the consequences that are actually effected by inherited institutions and customs, in order that there may be intelligent consideration of the ways in which they are to be intentionally modified in behalf of generation of different consequences. ' [3]. The social ethics paradigm that we will unfold owes much to the pragmatist thought of John Dewey.
Spatio-Temporal Diffusion Pattern and Hotspot Detection of Dengue in Chachoengsao Province, Thailand

In recent years, dengue has become a major international public health concern. In Thailand it is also an important concern as several dengue outbreaks were reported in last decade. This paper presents a GIS approach to analyze the spatial and temporal dynamics of dengue epidemics. The major objective of this study was to examine spatial diffusion patterns and hotspot identification for reported dengue cases. Geospatial diffusion pattern of the 2007 dengue outbreak was investigated. Map of daily cases was generated for the 153 days of the outbreak. Epidemiological data from Chachoengsao province, Thailand (reported dengue cases for the years 1999–2007) was used for this study. To analyze the dynamic space-time pattern of dengue outbreaks, all cases were positioned in space at a village level. After a general statistical analysis (by gender and age group), data was subsequently analyzed for temporal patterns and correlation with climatic data (especially rainfall), spatial patterns and cluster analysis, and spatio-temporal patterns of hotspots during epidemics. The results revealed spatial diffusion patterns during the years 1999–2007 representing spatially clustered patterns with significant differences by village. Villages on the urban fringe reported higher incidences. The space and time of the cases showed outbreak movement and spread patterns that could be related to entomologic and epidemiologic factors. The hotspots showed the spatial trend of dengue diffusion. This study presents useful information related to the dengue outbreak patterns in space and time and may help public health departments to plan strategies to control the spread of disease. The methodology is general for space-time analysis and can be applied for other infectious diseases as well.