Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High Spatial Image Classification Problem: Review of Approaches

Leading experts around the world analyzed geophysical images daily by and with the development of computer vision technologies, attempts should be made to automate this process. Image data can be acquired quickly using consumer digital cameras, or potentially using more advanced systems, such as satellite imagery, sonar systems, and drones and aerial vehicles. The authors of this article have developed several approaches to the automatic creation of seismic images. The amount of obtained images became enough to use algorithms of machine learning for their processing. In the last five years, computer vision techniques have evolved at a high rate and have advanced far from the use of Deep Neural Networks (DNN). It would be reckless to use in work only the latest developments without understanding how they appeared. Therefore, the authors reviewed the approaches of computer vision to determine the most appropriate techniques for processing high spatial images that differ from the most popular tasks of computer vision (face recognition, detection of pedestrians on the street, etc.). The main result of the paper is the set of research hypothesis for computer vision in Geoscience.
Argyrotaeniasocoromaensis sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), a sexually dimorphic micromoth with polyphagous larvae from the arid Andes of northern Chile

﻿Abstract Argyrotaeniasocoromaensissp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae, Tortricinae, Archipini) from the arid Andes of northern Chile is described and illustrated. Adults are sexually dimorphic, with differences in wing size, shape and pattern. The larvae feed on Steviaphilippiana Hieron. (Asteraceae) and Lupinusoreophilus Phil. (Fabaceae). Genetic distance between DNA barcodes of male and female adults reared from larvae collected on the two hosts was 0–0.2% (K2P). The discovery of A.socoromaensissp. nov. represents the first record of the genus Argyrotaenia Stephens, 1852 and the tribe Archipini for the Chilean fauna of Tortricidae.
Real-Time Projection Shadow with Respect to Sun’s Position in Virtual Environments

This paper proposes a real-time software for outdoor rendering to control the shadow’s position with effect of sun's position. The position of sun plays an important rule for outdoor games. Calculation of sun's position, as a result, position and length of shadows require a lot of attention and preciseness. Julian dating is used to calculate the sun's position in the virtual dome. In addition, of computer graphics, building design is another field that this paper contributes on it. To create shadow, projection shadow is proposed. By calculating the sun's position in the specific date, time and location on the earth, shadow is generated. Length and angle of shadow are two parameters measured for building design and both of them are calculated in this real-time application. Therefore, it can be used for teachers to teach some part of physics about earth orbit and it can be used in building design and commercial games in virtual reality systems.
Disentangling intonation in tone languages

Describing intonation in tone languages can be difficult, as tone and intonation both heavily rely on f0. In this paper, we propose a method to disentangle intonation from tonal contours by plotting the f0 contour differences of the same sentence uttered under different focus conditions. We demonstrate this method through a case study of two Chinese languages, Chengdu and Changsha. The results reveal that while intonation realisation is not entirely independent of lexical tones, it is possible to identify a uniform picture of intonational realisation across various tonal conditions. This method lessens the reliance on prior knowledge of lexical tones in interpreting intonation, and it contributes to the development of an abstract representational system for intonation in tone languages
Continuity of the Alpine slab unraveled by high‐resolution P wave tomography

The question of lateral and/or vertical continuity of subducted slabs in active orogens is a hot topic partly due to poorly resolved tomographic data. The complex slab structure beneath the Alpine region is only partly resolved by available geophysical data, leaving many geological and geodynamical issues widely open. Based upon a finite‐frequency kernel method, we present a new high‐resolution tomography model using P wave data from 527 broadband seismic stations, both from permanent networks and temporary experiments. This model provides an improved image of the slab structure in the Alpine region and fundamental pinpoints for the analysis of Cenozoic magmatism, (U)HP metamorphism, and Alpine topography. Our results document the lateral continuity of the European slab from the Western Alps to the central Alps, and the downdip slab continuity beneath the central Alps, ruling out the hypothesis of slab break off to explain Cenozoic Alpine magmatism. A low‐velocity anomaly is observed in the upper mantle beneath the core of the Western Alps, pointing to dynamic topography effects. A NE dipping Adriatic slab, consistent with Dinaric subduction, is possibly observed beneath the Eastern Alps, whereas the laterally continuous Adriatic slab of the Northern Apennines shows major gaps at the boundary with the Southern Apennines and becomes near vertical in the Alps‐Apennines transition zone. Tear faults accommodating opposite‐dipping subductions during Alpine convergence may represent reactivated lithospheric faults inherited from Tethyan extension. Our results suggest that the interpretations of previous tomography results that include successive slab break offs along the Alpine‐Zagros‐Himalaya orogenic belt might be proficiently reconsidered.
THE ROLE OF L2 FLUENCY IN THE PERCEPTION OF NON-NATIVE CLUSTERS BY TURKISH SPEAKERS

The interplay between perception and the phonological constraints of a language plays a role in loanword adaptation; for example, native phonotactics may induce speakers to perceive ‘illusory’ epenthetic vowels in clusters that would be ill-formed in their language. Perceptual accuracy is also modulated by the degree of L2 verbal fluency; more fluent L2 learners tend to perceive L2 sounds more accurately than less fluent learners. Word-initial consonant clusters are not attested in the native lexicon of Turkish. However, Turkish has borrowed many words containing such clusters in the donor languages. A learned pronunciation may preserve them, but a short epenthetic vowel between the two consonants is generally observed in a colloquial pronunciation. Two perceptual experiments showed that Turkish native speakers who are more fluent in an L2 are much more successful in discriminating word-initial CC tokens from VCV tokens than less fluent speakers are.
LINGUISTIC STABILITY & MALLEABILITY IN LONG-TERM DIALECT CONTACT: THE COT/CAUGHT CONTRAST AMONG MOBILE SPEAKERS

This paper examines the low back vowel systems of two mobile English-speaking groups: 40 people from Toronto, Ontario now living in New York City and 30 native New Yorkers living in Toronto. Vowel measurements of words in the COT and CAUGHT lexical sets were drawn from minimal pair tasks and conversational speech to determine whether speakers in either sample show evidence of acquiring the system of their new ambient dialect. Results indicate that natively COT / CAUGHT - merging Torontonians exhibit small yet significant phonetic distinctions between word classes after years living in New York, though this seems to be the result of changes in individual lexical items, not a category-level split resulting in new phonemic structure. Similarly, natively COT / CAUGHT - distinguishing New Yorkers in Toronto show evidence of phonetically approximating these vowels, but their underlying contrast remains robust. That is, both groups exhibit structural stability yet phonetic malleability as a result of mobility-induced contact.
Time Period Predicts Severity of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Among Individuals Exposed to COVID-19: Findings From a Southeastern U.S. University

The COVID-19 pandemic and efforts to manage it have affected mental health around the world. Although early research on the COVID-19 pandemic showed a general decline in mental health after the pandemic began, mental health in later stages of the pandemic might be improving alongside other changes (e.g., availability of vaccines, return to in-person activities). The present study utilized data from a mental health service intervention for individuals at a southeastern university who were exposed to COVID-19 following the university’s return to in-person operations. This study tested whether time period (August–September 2021 vs. January–February 2022) predicted individuals’ likelihood of being mild or above in depression and anxiety ratings. Results showed that individuals were more likely to be mild or above in both depression and anxiety ratings during August–September of 2021 than January–February of 2022. Suggestions for future research and implications for professional counselors are discussed.
and Evaluation of Dextran Nanoparticles Enclosed with Recombinant Typhoid (Ty21a) Antigen

Developing efficacious vaccines for Typhoid fever continues to be a paramount concern in global health, particularly in areas with a significant prevalence of the illness. This research focused on the synthesis, refinement, and analysis of recombinant Typhoid (Ty21a) antigen-encapsulated Eudragit-coated dextran nanoparticles. These nanoparticles function as an innovative platform for delivering the Ty21a antigen, which has the potential to enhance vaccination durability and effectiveness. The synthesis process was methodically adjusted to get optimal nanoparticle size, shape, and surface qualities by manipulating several formulation factors. The physicochemical evaluation verified the generation of precisely specified nanoparticles that effectively encapsulate the Ty21a antigen. The in vitro release assays shown that the Eudragit-coated nanoparticles can release antigens in a sustained and regulated manner, suggesting that they have the ability to provide prolonged immune activation. This study demonstrates the potential of using recombinant Typhoid antigen-encapsulated Eudragit-coated dextran nanoparticles as a promising platform for advanced vaccines. This platform offers improved ability to stimulate an immune response and controlled delivery of the antigen. These findings have significant implications for global health efforts focused on preventing Typhoid fever.
Stigma and Health Honest, Open, Proud–College: Effectiveness of a Peer-Led Small-Group Intervention for Reducing the Stigma of Mental Illness

Although many college students face mental health challenges, the rate of mental health service utilization among students is low. Stigma complicates the experience of mental health problems, and interferes with students’ likelihood of pursuing needed services. This randomized controlled trial examines the effectiveness of a peer-led group-based intervention for students living with mental illness. Honest, Open, Proud–College (HOP-C) aims to reduce the stigma of mental illness and help participants make informed decisions about whether and how to disclose their mental health status. In a sample of 118 students across 3 campuses, randomized to HOP-C or a waitlist, the intervention evidenced significant benefits for (a) self-stigma about mental illness (particularly, harm from self-applied stereotypes), (b) appraisals of perceived resources to cope with stigma-related distress (but not appraisals of stigma as a stressor), and (c) self-efficacy about disclosure of their mental health status (but not self-efficacy about keeping mental health status a secret). Exploratory analysis did not support HOP-C as improving participants’ symptoms of depression or anxiety. HOP-C has promise for addressing the prevalent challenges of mental health stigma, which in turn may help students receive needed services to improve their mental health and associated life outcomes.
Newly-developed structural digital twin modeling method for monitoring deviations of prefabricated cable domes based on 3D laser scanning

Structural performance of prefabricated cable domes is highly sensitive to structural deviations. An accurate and thorough detection of the deviations therefore is important. In this paper, a newly-developed structural digital twin (SDT) modeling method based on three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning is proposed for deviation monitoring. The point cloud data (PCD) is inventively segmented for further analysis according to structural features. A new structural skeleton point recognition algorithm is then developed where layering and clustering of PCD are processed. Members are recognized automatically with joints of connections sequentially identified. The SDT of cable domes are formed, therefore. Deviation monitoring of cable dome is provided where the geometry of SDT is compared with design model. The accuracy and efficiency of the method are discussed thoroughly. The novelty and benefits of the proposed method exhibit. The study laid the foundation for high-fidelity analysis approach based on SDT to predict structural performance in future.
CREAKY VOICE IN L2 ENGLISH AND L1 DUTCH

While creaky voice is a well-known stylistic-prosodic feature of American English, its use in other languages is under-researched. In Dutch, it has been claimed to be rare and idiosyncratic. Meanwhile, in L2 acquisition studies, creak has been shown to exhibit L1-L2 transfer. We investigate the prevalence of creaky voice and its development over time in young female speakers of L1 Dutch and L2 English, who had previously been shown to converge on L1/L2 segmental features longitudinally. Automatic detection of f0 established individual distributions of creaky and modal phonation. Linear mixed-effects models of relative creak prevalence showed that effects of language (L1 vs L2) and style (read vs spontaneous speech) were limited. Rather, speakers showed similarly high levels of creak in their two languages, and stability over time. The results suggest creak is idiosyncratic, rather than gradually acquired or converged on, but also that it is far from rare in Dutch.
PPGSpotter : Personalized Free Weight Training Monitoring Using Wearable PPG Sensor

—Free weight training (FWT) is of utmost importance for physical well-being. However, the success of FWT depends heavily on choosing the suitable workload, as improper selections can lead to suboptimal outcomes or injury. Current workload estimation approaches rely on manual recording and specialized equipment with limited feedback. Therefore, we introduce PPGSpotter , a novel PPG-based system for FWT monitoring in a convenient, low-cost, and fine-grained manner. By characterizing the arterial geometry compressions caused by the deformation of distinct muscle groups during various exercises and workloads in PPG signals, PPGSpotter can infer essential FWT factors such as workload, repetitions, and exercise type. To remove pulse-related interference that heavily contaminates PPG signals, we develop an arterial interference elimination approach based on adaptive filtering, effectively extracting the pure motion-derived signal (MDS). Furthermore, we explore 2D representations within the phase space of MDS to extract spatiotemporal information, enabling PPGSpotter to address the challenge of resisting sensor shifts. Finally, we leverage a multi-task CNN-based model with workload adjustment guidance to achieve personalized FWT monitoring. Extensive experiments with 15 participants confirm that PPGSpotter can achieve workload estimation ( 0 . 59 kg RMSE), repetitions estimation ( 0 . 96 reps RMSE), and exercise type recognition ( 91 . 57 % F1-score) while providing valid work-load adjustment recommendations.
Survey Accuracy Analysis of a Hand-held Mobile LiDAR Device for Cultural Heritage Documentation

In this paper, the survey accuracy of a hand-held, GNSS-free mobile LiDAR device, the Zebedee, is studied by collecting measurements of several different geometric features in four different datasets. We use a new comprehensive accuracy assessment methodology based on geometric modelling which involves a geometric model of a prism/ pyramid for square structure. The point cloud accuracies of the features (planes, cylinders, catenaries, prisms and pyramids) were compared to that of a conventional survey-grade LiDAR system, the Leica ScanStation C10. The results suggested that the Zebedee accuracy is very comparable to the C10. For instance, the mean RMS error of plane fittings for the Zebedee is approximately 1.1 cm versus 0.6 cm for the C10. The estimated cylinder radii between the Zebedee and the C10 has only 1.4% difference in average, while the radii difference in prism/pyramid fitting is only 0.8%. As a result, the Zebedee LiDAR device is suitable for heritage mapping not only because it has high operation flexibility but also desired high accuracy. Zusammenfassung: Genauigkeitsanalyse eines tragbaren Laserscanners für die archäologische Dokumentation. Diese Veröffentlichung untersucht die Vermessungsgenauigkeit des tragbaren und ohne GNSS operierenden Laserscanners Zebedee unter Verwendung von geometrischen Objekten in vier verschiedenen Datensätzen. Die umfassende Bewertung der Genauigkeit basiert auf geometrischen Objekten, welche in der Punktwolke modelliert werden und Ebenen, Zylinder, gekrümmte Oberflächen, Prismen und Pyramiden einschließen. Die geometrischen Objekte werden mit Objekten verglichen, welche basierend auf Punktwolken von einem konventionellen vermessungsüblichen LiDAR System, der Leica ScanStation C10, modelliert wurden. Die Resultate zeigen, dass die Genauigkeit des Zebedee mit der des C10 vergleichbar ist. Zum Beispiel beträgt die kleinste Verbesserung für Ebenen (RMS) 1,1 cm gegenüber 0,6 cm vom C10. Die geschätzten Zylinderradien unterscheiden sich zwischen dem Zebedee und dem C10 im Durchschnitt nur um 1,4%. Der kleinste Radiusunterschied beim Prisma-/ Pyramidenvergleich beträgt nur 0,8%. Daraus ist zu schließen, dass der Zebedee Laserscanner für die Dokumentation von denkmalgeschützten Gebäuden und Objekten geeignet ist, nicht nur basierend auf der höchst flexiblen Art der Anwendung, sondern auch von der Genauigkeitsbetrachtung her.
ATYPICAL COARTICULATION IN AUTISM: EVIDENCE FROM SIBILANT-VOWEL INTERACTION IN CANTONESE

Atypicalities in the prosodic aspects of speech are commonly considered in clinical assessments of autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder involving difficulties in social development and communication alongside the presence of unusually strong repetitive behavior or ‘obsessive’ interests. While there is an increasing number of studies using objective measures to assess prosodic deficits, such studies have primarily focused on the intonational and rhythmic aspects of prosody. Little is known about prosodic deficits that are reflected at the segmental level, despite the strong connection between prosody and segmental realization. This study examines the nature of sibilant-vowel coarticulation among male adult native speakers of Cantonese with autism and those without. While neurotypical participants exhibit sibilant-vowel coarticulation that are sensitive to variation in sibilant duration, participants with autism show no sensitivity to segmental temporal changes. These findings point to the potential for atypicalities in prosody-segment interaction as an important characteristic of autistic speech.
Modulation of Renin‐Angiotensin System May Slow Conversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer's Disease

To assess the effect of modulation of the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) on conversion to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive decline in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the effect of the permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and race on the potential relationship between the RAS and AD.
VARIABLE RHOTICITY IN GLASGOW ENGLISH: SOCIOLINGUISTIC FACTORS AND ABSTRACTIONS VS. EXEMPLARS

This paper uses a corpus of Glasgow English unscripted speech to investigate the variability in the realization of pre-consonantal /r/. The relationship between the gender of the speaker, as well as their familiarity with the interlocutor, and the presence of pre-consonantal /r/ is investigated using mixed-effects binomial regression modeling. Additionally, the dataset is probed for evidence of abstract representations and phonetically-rich exemplars in the storage of /r/. A statistically significant influence of the interaction between familiarity with interlocutor and speaker gender on the likelihood of non-rhoticity provides some evidence that non-rhoticity is a prestige variant for the speech community that the corpus is representative of. The statistical significance of by-word random intercepts, attesting to word-specific effects, provides evidence for exemplars. The lack of a statistically significant effect of a clearly definable phonological context (the backness of the vowel preceding /r/) on the likelihood of the presence of pre-consonantal /r/ means that the current study does not provide support for abstractionism or hybrid models.
1st Degree Polynomial Equations: stimulating creativity in education books

This article presents results of the analysis of chapters related to the object of knowledge Polynomial Equations of the 1st degree, in Mathematics textbooks for the 7th year of Elementary School approved and distributed to teaching institutions in the National Textbook Program (in Portuguese, Programa Nacional do Livro Didático – PNLD). The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the potential of these materials present in most Brazilian classrooms for stimulating creativity in Mathematics. Twelve textbooks were analyzed, which make up the collections distributed in the period 2021/2024, according to data from the Ministry of Education (MEC). We conclude that the exercises/problems contained in textbooks, for the most part, are characterized as closed problems that demand low complexity cognitive processes such as memorization and repetition of procedures.
Phonetic imitation of stops and vowels: Individual stability and perceptual underpinnings

This study examines whether individuals who show greater-than-average imitation of phonetic differences in a given feature also show greater-than-average imitation of other features, as might be expected under the view that general cognitive or social factors play a primary role in predicting individual differences in imitation. An explicit imitation task tested the extent to which English speakers imitated minimal differences in voice onset time (VOT) of voiceless stops and F2 of the vowel /u/, and an ABX discrimination task tested sensitivity to the same differences. Participants imitated differences in both features, and individuals’ perceptual acuity for a given feature predicted the extent of imitation of that feature. However, the extent to which an individual imitated one feature did not predict the extent to which they imitated the other, and the same dissociation was found in discrimination. These findings highlight the importance of considering multiple features, and the role of perception, in studies of individual variability in imitation.
A PRELIMINARY EXPLORATION OF TONES IN PAITE

In this paper, we report the results of a series of experiments carried out on tones in Paite (ISO 639-3: pck) and provide an acoustic analysis of its tones. Paite is an endangered and under-documented Tibeto-Burman language spoken primarily in Manipur, India. This study confirms the presence of three contrastive tones in Paite. We built a linear mixed-effects models of f0 and duration to examine the tonal contrast using the likelihood ratio test which shows statistically significant contrast for f0 and confirms the presence of three contrastive tones in Paite. Further, an examination of consonant-tone interaction suggests the presence of a fourth tone which occurs in a restricted environment. We conclude that Paite has three contrastive tones: rising, level and falling, and a fourth tone, arising from the interaction of a contour tone with final stops. We refer to the fourth tone as a low checked tone.