Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
marker models for the analysis of the volume variation and thoracoabdominal motion pattern in

Respiratory assessment and the biomechanical analysis of chest and abdomen motion during breathing can be carried out using motion capture systems. An advantage of this methodology is that it allows analysis of compartmental breathing volumes, thoraco-abdominal patterns, percentage contribution of each compartment and the coordination between compartments. In the literature, mainly, two marker models are reported, a full marker model of 89 markers placed on the trunk and a reduced marker model with 32 markers. However, in practice, positioning and post-process a large number of markers on the trunk can be time-consuming. In this study, the full marker model was compared against the one that uses a reduced number of markers, in order to evaluate i) their capability to obtain respiratory parameters (breath-by-breath tidal volumes) and thoracoabdominal motion pattern (compartmental percentage contributions, and coordination between compartments) during quiet breathing, and ii) their response in different groups such as trained and untrained, male and female. Although tests revealed strong correlations of the tidal volume values in all the groups (R 2 >0.93), the reduced model underestimated the trunk volume compared with the 89 marker model. The highest underestimation was found in trained males (bias of 0.43 L). The three-way ANOVA test showed that the model did not influence the evaluation of compartmental contributions and the 32 marker model was adequate to distinguish thoracoabdominal breathing pattern in the studied groups. Our findings showed that the reduced marker model could be used to analyse the thoracoabdominal motion in both trained and untrained populations but performs poorly in estimating tidal volume
Heterogeneity of stimulus-speciﬁc response modiﬁcation—an fMRI study on neuroplasticity

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a key element of synaptic plasticity. At the macroscopic level, similar effects can be induced in the human brain using repetitive stimulation with identical stimuli. High-frequency stimulation (HFS) can increase neuronal responses whereas low-frequency stimulation may produce the opposite effect. Optimal stimulation frequencies and characteristics for inducing stimulus-speciﬁc response modiﬁcation (SRM) differ substantially from those applied to brain tissue slices but have been explored in recent studies. In contrast, the individual manifestation of this effect in terms of its spatial location and extent are unclear. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 18 subjects (mean age 25.3 years)
Placenta accreta Causing Rupture of an Unscarred Uterus in Second Trimester of Pregnancy: A Rare Case Report

1.Abstract: Placenta accreta is a rare obstetric condition that occurs primarily in the third trimester and results in life-threatening complications. Uterine rupture due to placenta accreta in the second trimester of pregnancy is extremely rare. We report a rare case of uterine rupture in a 25-year-old patient, 2nd gesture, mother of a child born by vaginal delivery, admitted to the ELHAROUCHI maternity hospital of CHU IBN ROCHD of Casablanca, with a picture of hemodynamic instability and acute abdomen, an emergency laparotomy
Transformer Model for Math Word Problem Solving via Dependency-based Word Embedding

---------------------------------- Abstract: Most existing approaches for math word problems directly take the problem sequence as the input, ignoring the syntactic and semantic information. In this paper, we propose a transformer neural model for math word problems via dependency-based word embedding, which utilizes the relations between objects, predicates, and quantities in the problem. Our model uses an encoder-decoder framework, where the encoder takes the dependency-based word embedding as the input, and the decoder predicts the math equations for the problems. The experiments show that incorporating dependency information to the model improves the representation ability of word embedding, and achieves better performance.
N-Acetylcysteine Reduces Cocaine-Cue Attentional Bias and N-Acetylcysteine Reduces Cocaine-Cue Attentional Bias and Differentially Alters Cocaine Self-Administration Based on Dosing Differentially Alters Cocaine Self-Administration Based on Dosing Order Order

Background— Disrupted glutamate homeostasis is thought to contribute to cocaine-use disorder, in particular, by enhancing the incentive salience of cocaine stimuli. n-Acetylcysteine might be useful in cocaine-use disorder by normalizing glutamate function. In prior studies, n-acetylcysteine blocked the reinstatement of cocaine seeking in laboratory animals and reduced the salience of cocaine stimuli and delayed relapse in humans. Methods— The present study determined the ability of maintenance on n-acetylcysteine (0 or 2400 mg/day, counterbalanced) to reduce the incentive salience of cocaine stimuli, as measured by an attentional bias task
lateral enamel growth in Homo

Perikymata, incremental growth lines visible on tooth enamel surfaces, differ in their distribution and number among hominin species, although with overlapping patterns. This study asks: (1) How does the distribution of perikymata along the lateral enamel surface of Homo naledi anterior teeth compare to that of other hominins? (2) When both perikymata distribution and number are analyzed together, how distinct is H. naledi from other hominins? A total of 19 permanent anterior teeth (incisors and canines) of H. naledi were compared, by tooth type, to permanent anterior teeth of other hominins: Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus africanus , Paranthropus robustus , Paranthropus boisei , Homo ergaster / Homo erectus , other early Homo , Neandertals, and modern humans, with varying sample sizes. Repeated measures analyses of the percentage of perikymata per decile of reconstructed crown height yielded several statistically significant differences between H. naledi and other hominins. Canonical variates analysis of percentage of perikymata in the cervical half of the crown together with perikymata number revealed that in 8 of 19 cases, H. naledi teeth were significantly unlikely to be classified as other hominins, while exhibiting least difference from modern humans (especially southern Africans). In a cross-validated analysis, 68% of the H. naledi teeth were classified as such, while 32% were classified as modern human (most often southern African). Of 313 comparative teeth use for this analysis, only 1.9% were classified as H. naledi . What tends to differentiate H. naledi anterior tooth crowns from those of most other hominins , including some modern humans, is strongly skewed perikymata distributions combined with perikymata numbers that fall in the middle to lower ranges of hominin values. Homo naledi therefore tends toward a particular combination of these features that is less often seen in other hominins. Implications of these data for the growth and development of H. naledi anterior teeth are considered.
LINEARIZED BREGMAN ITERATIONS FOR COMPRESSED SENSING

Finding a solution of a linear equation Au = f with various minimization properties arises from many applications. One such application is compressed sensing, where an efficient and robust-to-noise algorithm to find a minimal 1 norm solution is needed. This means that the algorithm should be tailored for large scale and completely dense matrices A, while Au and AT u can be computed by fast transforms and the solution we seek is sparse. Recently, a simple and fast algorithm based on linearized Bregman iteration was proposed in [28, 32] for this purpose. This paper is to analyze the convergence of linearized Bregman iterations and the minimization properties of their limit. Based on our analysis here, we derive also a new algorithm that is proven to be convergent with a rate. Furthermore, the new algorithm is simple and fast in approximating a minimal 1 norm solution of Au = f as shown by numerical simulations. Hence, it can be used as another choice of an efficient tool in compressed sensing.
A Lagrangian Perspective on the Lifecycle and Cloud Radiative Effect of Deep Convective Clouds Over Africa

The anvil clouds of tropical deep convection have large radiative effects in both the shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) spectra with the average magnitudes of both over 100 Wm -2 . Despite this, due to the opposite sign of these fluxes, the net average of anvil cloud radiative effect (CRE) over the tropics has been found to be neutral. Research into the response of anvil CRE to climate change has primarily focused on the feedbacks of anvil cloud height and anvil cloud area, in particular regarding the LW feedback. However, tropical deep convection over land has a strong diurnal cycle which may couple with the 5 shortwave component of anvil cloud radiative effect. As this diurnal cycle is poorly represented in climate models it is vital to gain a better understanding of how its changes impact anvil CRE. To study the connection between deep convective cloud (DCC) lifecycle and CRE, we investigate the behaviour of both isolated and organised DCCs in a 4-month case study over sub-Saharan Africa (May-August 2016). Using a novel cloud tracking algorithm, we detect and track growing convective cores and their associated anvil clouds using geostationary satellite 10 observations from Meteosat SEVIRI. Retrieved cloud properties and derived broadband radiative fluxes are provided by the CC4CL algorithm. By collecting the cloud properties of the tracked DCCs, we produce a dataset of anvil cloud properties along their lifetimes. While the majority of DCCs tracked in this dataset are isolated, with only a single core, the overall coverage of anvil clouds is dominated by those of clustered, multi-core anvils due to their larger areas and lifetimes. We find that the distribution of anvil cloud CRE of our tracked DCCs has a bimodal distribution. The interaction between 15 the lifecycles of DCCs and
Comparison of correlative measurements of CALIPSO LIDAR and the number 21 EARLINET station (CIEMAT-Madrid)

CALIPSO is a satellite mission designed to measure the vertical structure and optical properties of aerosol and clouds over the globe. The Science Team for the mission has organized an international program, named quid pro quo (QPQ), to obtain correlative measurements to support validation of its retrieved products. EARLINET, a network of 25 European lidar stations, joined the QPQ program and have been performing correlative measurements at all stations within 80 km from the overpasses ("mandatory" measurements) and additionally at the lidar station which is closest to the actually overpassed site ("suggested" measurements). In this work, we present the results obtained during the primary validation phase for the #21 EARLINET station (CIEMAT-Madrid) correlative measurements. Two different data products have been compared: The "Total Backscatter_Coefficient_532" from level 2 files (released on Jan/2008) and the version 2 (released on Dec/2007) Level 1 data product called "Total_Attenuated_Backscatter_532", that must be compared with a simulated lidar profile calculated from the 532-nm extinction and backscattering coefficients profiles independently measured by the unpolarized elastic channel and Raman channel of the ground system. Several cases with a reasonable agreement in terms of backscattering coefficient magnitude have been found (7 cases, 26% of the total cases analyzed: 27 cases), while cases with bad agreement amounts to 38%. The rest correspond to cases with clouds (18%) and bad assignment of aerosol layer as clouds (18%).
ApproachSpinal Vascular Shunts: A Patterned

SUMMARY: Spinal vascular shunts, including ﬁ stulas and malformations, are rare and complex vascular lesions for which multiple classi ﬁ cation schemes have been proposed. The most widely adopted scheme consists of 4 types: type I, dural AVFs; type II, intramedullary glomus AVMs; type III, juvenile/metameric AVMs; and type IV, intradural perimedullary AVFs. MR imaging and angiography techniques permit detailed assessment of spinal arteriovenous shunts, though DSA is the criterion standard for delineating vascular anatomy and treatment planning. Diagnosis is almost exclusively based on imaging, and features often mimic more common pathologies. The radiologist ’ s recognition of spinal vascular shunts may improve outcomes because patients may bene ﬁ t from early intervention.
Quarter-Sweep Successive Over-relaxation Approximation to the Solution of Porous Medium Equations

—This paper investigated the use of a successive over-relaxation parameter in a quarter-sweep finite difference approximation scheme. The performance of the developed quarter-sweep successive over-relaxation method is examined by considering a nonlinear partial differential equation, namely the porous medium equation. The main contribution of this paper is to present the stability, convergence and efficiency of the proposed method. Several initial-boundary value problems of the porous medium equation are solved to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method. The numerical results showed that the quarter-sweep successive over-relaxation method is more efficient in reducing iterations and computational time than the standard and the existing numerical methods. In addition, the accuracy of the quarter-sweep successive over-relaxation method is comparable to the tested numerical methods.
Determination of in situ dissolved inorganic carbon concentration Determination of in situ dissolved inorganic carbon concentration and alkalinity for marine sedimentary porewater and alkalinity for marine sedimentary porewater

Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration and total alkalinity in marine sediment vary with biological activity, mineral diagenesis and past bottom ocean water composition. Reliable interpretation of this data is often compromised due to precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) during sediment recovery, processing and sample storage. Here we present and test a method that corrects for this precipitation and consequently allows quanti ﬁ cation of insitucarbonatesystemchemistry.Ourmethodrelieson theover-determination ofthedissolvedcarbonatesys-tem by (i) measuring DIC, alkalinity and calcium, and (ii) explicitly assuming CaCO 3 saturation in the sediment. We experimentally tested this method using data from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site U1368 in the South Paci ﬁ c Gyre. Our results show that we can accurately reproduce in situ aqueous carbonate system chemistryifDIC,alkalinityandcalciumconcentrationaremeasuredsimultaneously.AtSiteU1368,thecorrection forsamplingassociatedprecipitationisequivalentto4.5and8. 9%ofthemeasuredDICandalkalinity,respectively. The method is well suited for any sediment porewater that is saturated with respect to calcium carbonate; consequently, it is applicable for approximately 50% of the global oceanic sea ﬂ oor. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (
New Window on Optical Brain Imaging; Medical Development, New Window on Optical Brain Imaging; Medical Development, Simulations and Applications Simulations and Applications

This book presents a comprehensive account of the recent advances and research in optical fiber technology. It covers a broad spectrum of topics in special areas of optical fiber technology. The book highlights the development of fiber lasers, optical fiber applications in medical, imaging, spectroscopy and measurement, new optical fibers and sensors. This is an essential reference for researchers working in optical fiber researches and for industrial users who need to be aware of current developments in fiber lasers, sensors and other optical fiber applications
A new technique for interpolating the reflectance red edge position

The point of maximum slope on the reflectance spectrum of vegetation between red and near-infrared wavelengths, termed the red edge position (REP), is correlated strongly with foliar chlorophyll content and provides a very sensitive indicator of, among other things, vegetation stress. The high spectral resolution of airborne imaging spectrometers now offers the potential for determining the REP of vegetation canopies at regional scales. However, the accurate estimation of the REP is dependent upon sensor band positions and widths. Various techniques have been developed to minimize the error in estimating the REP, such as linear interpolation or inverted Gaussian curve fitting in the region of the red edge which requires an a priori knowledge of the spectrum under investigation. This technical note presents a simple technique known as Lagrangian interpolation which is applied to the first-derivative transformation of the reflectance spectrum. The technique fits a second-order polynomial curve to three band.
Antimicrobial activities and total phenolic contents of the sap of Pycnanthus angolensis and root of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta

The death of many people in tropical countries can be attributed to microbial infection, probably, because synthetic antibiotics are failing in the treatment of these microbial infections, attributed to the ability of the microorganisms to mutate and adapt to harsh conditions. This study evaluated, in vitro, the antimicrobial activities, antioxidant potentials, and the total phenolic contents of aqueous and ethanol extracts of the root of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (Lindl.) and the crude sap of Pycnanthus angolensis (Welw) using selected standard bacteria strains (S. aureus (ATCC 25923), S. saprophyticus (ATCC 15305), E. coli (ATCC 25922), S. typhi (ATCC 19430), P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and P. mirabilis (ATCC 49565). The modi�ed agar well diffusion method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of the plant extracts. Chloramphenicol and tetracycline were used as positive controls. The extracts were also screened for speci�c phytochemicals and using the Folin Ciocalteu reagent test, their total phenolic contents were determined. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, and saponins in both Cryptolepis sanguinolenta and Pycnanthus angolensis. For the antimicrobial activities, all the test bacteria were susceptible to the crude sap of Pycnanthus angolensis except P. mirabilis. In the case of the Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, only S. aureus was susceptible to both aqueous and ethanol extracts. The total phenolic content, expressed in g/100g GAE, recorded values of 55.427 ± 4.248 for the crude sap of Pycnanthus angolensis, and 11.642 ± 4.248 and 26.888 ± 4.248 for the aqueous and ethanol extracts of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, respectively. It was concluded that Cryptolepis sanguinolenta and Pycnanthus angolensis are excellent candidates for further development of antimicrobial agents in the �ght against microbial infections given the pressing need for novel e�cacious agents.
The application research of deep neural networks in colonic polyp segmentation

Background: In the study of medical images segmentation, U-Net is a good choice with better performance. But it will cause some problems such as gradient problems or information loss. Methods: In this paper, we introduce a new model based on such an encoder-decoder structure. We mixed a full connection and encoder output in per layer and we add an axial attention to solve gradient problem and keep the connection with pixel from long distance. After pooling, we add a module which has three atrous Convolution processes with different expansion rate and a non-local Self attention to increase the feeling field and fix the problem of losing spatial information. In decoder part, we put a dual channel gate to point out 'what' and 'where' feature we need by the union of Channel Attention and Spatial Attention. Results: We use 4 public dataSets are CVC-ClinicDB, Kvasir-SEG, CVC-ColonDB and CVC-T. We compared more than 10 groups other different models with these 4 group dataSets and marked some evaluating indicators such as mIou, mDice and so on. We also did some ablation experiments to verify that our model structure is reasonable and effective. Conclusions: The comparative training of 12 models in 4 different datasets verifies the feasibility and the good effectiveness of the proposed ideas. We also did some ablation experiments to verify that our model structure is reasonable and effective. The basic structure of the encoder decoder in semantic segmentation has been greatly improved.
Identi�cation and analysis of dysregulated genes in the pathogenesis of keloid

Objective Keloid is a �broproliferative disorder that primarily arises from cutaneous traumas. However, the pathogenesis of keloid remains uncertain and is likely involved in multiple signaling pathways and is likely involved in multiple signaling pathways. This study aims to identify the key signaling pathways and explore the potential roles of immune cells in keloid development.
The High Demand for International Reserves in the Far East: What's Going On?

This paper explores econometric and theoretical interpretations for the relatively high demand for international reserves by countries in the Far East and the relatively low demand by some other developing countries. Using a sample of about 125 developing countries, we show that reserve holdings over the 1980-1996 period seem to be the predictable outcome of a few key factors, such as the size of international transactions, their volatility, the exchange-rate arrangement, and political considerations. The estimating equation also does a good job of predicting reserve holdings in Asia before the 1997 financial crisis. After the crisis, the estimating equation significantly under-predicts the reserve holdings of several key Far East countries, as one might expect from the Lucas Critique. This under-prediction is consistent with models explaining the demand for international reserves by developing countries. Specifically, we show that sovereign risk and costly tax collection to cover fiscal liabilities lead to a relatively large demand for international reserves. In the aftermath of a crisis, countries that have to deal with higher perceived sovereign risk and higher fiscal liabilities (both funded and unfunded) will opt to increase their demand for reserves. The models also help us understand why some developing countries do not hold large precautionary reserve balances in the aftermath of crises. Countries with high discount rates, political instability or political corruption find it optimal to hold much smaller precautionary balances. We also show that models that incorporate loss aversion predict a relatively large demand for international reserves. Hence, if a crisis increases the volatility of shocks and/or loss aversion, it will greatly increase in the demand for international reserves. Consequently, we conclude that the 'puzzling' pattern in international reserve holdings is reasonably explained by the extended models described in this paper.