Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seizure-Induced Motility of Differentiated Dentate Granule Cells Is Prevented by the Central Reelin Fragment

Granule cell dispersion (GCD) represents a pathological widening of the granule cell layer in the dentate gyrus and it is frequently observed in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Recent studies in human MTLE specimens and in animal epilepsy models have shown that a decreased expression and functional inactivation of the extracellular matrix protein Reelin correlates with GCD formation, but causal evidence is still lacking. Here, we used unilateral kainate (KA) injection into the mouse hippocampus, an established MTLE animal model, to precisely map the loss of reelin mRNA-synthesizing neurons in relation to GCD along the septotemporal axis of the epileptic hippocampus. We show that reelin mRNA-producing neurons are mainly lost in the hilus and that this loss precisely correlates with the occurrence of GCD. To monitor GCD formation in real time, we used organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs) prepared from mice which express enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) primarily in differentiated dentate granule cells. Using life cell microscopy we observed that increasing doses of KA resulted in an enhanced motility of eGFP-positive granule cells. Moreover, KA treatment of OHSC resulted in a rapid loss of Reelin-producing interneurons mainly in the hilus, as observed in vivo. A detailed analysis of the migration behavior of individual eGFP-positive granule cells revealed that the majority of these neurons actively migrate toward the hilar region, where Reelin-producing neurons are lost. Treatment with KA and subsequent addition of the recombinant R3–6 Reelin fragment significantly prevented the movement of eGFP-positive granule cells. Together, these findings suggest that GCD formation is indeed triggered by a loss of Reelin in hilar interneurons.
A Clustering approach in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks Routing

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a self-configuring infrastructure less network of mobile devices connected by wireless. MANETs are restricted to a local area of wireless devices, while others may be connected to the Internet. Cluster techniques used to grouping the mobile nodes to sending data simultaneously to the each group. Each and every group have their cluster header that storing information about the receiving and sending node information. Cluster approach is proved to be more efficient for solving the scalability problem in wireless network. In this paper, we propose cluster technique in mobile ad hoc network (CTMAN), which composed of PSR, DSDV and Dijkstra's algorithm. It speedup the performance and maintains the data loss between the source node to destination node for large area networks.
Prenatal development of gabaergic, glycinergic, and dopaminergic neurons in the rabbit retina

The main findings from our studies on the emergence and maturation of neurotransmitter systems in the rabbit retina are that, during normal development: (1) the commitments for certain neurons to become GABAergic, glycinergic, or dopaminergic are made prenatally; the maturation of these neurons, however, occurs postnatally; (2) specific accumulations of exogenously supplied transmitters by presumed retinal neurons were first observed autoradiographically around embryonic day 22 (E22) for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), E25 for glycine, and E27 for dopamine, suggesting that putative GABAergic, glycinergic, and dopaminergic neurons are determined phenotypically at least by these days; (3) based upon the three transmitter-specific properties--uptake, synthesis, and release--the uptake property is generally the first to emerge, while the appearance of the other properties follows a precise and distinct temporal pattern for each of the transmitters studied; (4) for GABAergic and glycinergic systems, the emergence of K+-stimulated, Ca2+-dependent release mechanisms occurs many days after the first appearance of the uptake properties; in contrast, the mechanisms for dopamine uptake and release emerge at about the same time; and (5) by our criteria, putative GABAergic and glycinergic amacrine cells are mature between postnatal day 10 (P10) and P12, around the time when the eyes first open and direction-selective ganglion cells can first be recorded; however, the dopaminergic neurons probably are not mature until about P24.
IP fast ReRoute: Loop Free Alternates revisited

IP Fast ReRoute (IPFRR) is the IETF standard for providing fast failure protection in IP and MPLS/LDP networks and Loop Free Alternates (LFA) is a basic specification for implementing it. Even though LFA is simple and unobtrusive, it has a significant drawback: it does not guarantee protection for all possible failure cases. Consequently, many IPFRR proposals have appeared lately, promising full failure coverage at the price of added complexity and non-trivial modifications to IP hardware and software. Meanwhile, LFA remains the only commercially available, and therefore, the only deployable IPFRR solution. Deployment, however, crucially depends on the extent to which LFA can protect failures in operational networks. In this paper, therefore, we revisit LFA in order to give theoretical insights and practical hints to LFA failure coverage analysis. First, we identify the topological properties a network must possess to profit from good failure coverage. Then, we study how coverage varies as new links are added to a network, we show how to do this optimally and, through extensive simulations, we arrive to the conclusion that cleverly adding just a couple of new links can improve the quality of LFA protection drastically.
Hearing in extinct cetaceans as determined by cochlear structure

The bony cochlea is described in representative Odontoceti, Mysticeti and Archaeoceti, with special emphasis on adaptations to high-frequency echolocation. The latter include (a) a small distance between the bony spiral laminae throughout most of the cochlea, (b) a strong secondary spiral lamina reaching nearly up to the apex, (c) a thick separating wall between the turns, (d) a cross sectional area ratio of scala tympani to scala vestibuli which decreases slowly from basal to apical region and which has a point of equality in the apical part of the cochlea, (e) a voluminous spiral canal and (f) a small ratio of height to diameter of the cochlea. Systematic changes of these values from basal to apical region are described. The anatomical findings are correlated with cochlear theory, with sound production, and with structural adaptations of the skull. The material examined indicates that high-frequency echolocation (sonar) was developed first by Squalodontoidea during the Oligocene. In Miocene time, the Odontoceti already had a full-fledged sonar system. There is good evidence that neither the Archaeoceti nor the Mysticeti ever possessed a sonar system. In contrast to the Odontoceti, the Mysticeti adapted their hearing organ to the perception of sound of very low frequencies.
Unique Spatial Transcriptomic Profiling of the Murine Femoral Fracture Callus: A Preliminary Report

Fracture callus formation is a dynamic stage of bone activity and repair with precise, spatially localized gene expression. Metastatic breast cancer impairs fracture healing by disrupting bone homeostasis and imparting an altered genomic profile. Previous sequencing techniques such as single-cell RNA and in situ hybridization are limited by missing spatial context and low throughput, respectively. We present a preliminary approach using the Visium CytAssist spatial transcriptomics platform to provide the first spatially intact characterization of genetic expression changes within an orthopedic model of impaired fracture healing. Tissue slides prepared from BALB/c mice with or without MDA-MB-231 metastatic breast cancer cells were used. Both unsupervised clustering and histology-based annotations were performed to identify the hard callus, soft callus, and interzone for differential gene expression between the wild-type and pathological fracture model. The spatial transcriptomics platform successfully localized validated genes of the hard (Dmp1, Sost) and soft callus (Acan, Col2a1). The fibrous interzone was identified as a region of extensive genomic heterogeneity. MDA-MB-231 samples demonstrated downregulation of the critical bone matrix and structural regulators that may explain the weakened bone structure of pathological fractures. Spatial transcriptomics may represent a valuable tool in orthopedic research by providing temporal and spatial context.
The Variable-Increment Counting Bloom Filter

Counting Bloom Filters (CBFs) are widely used in networking device algorithms. They implement fast set representations to support membership queries with limited error, and support element deletions unlike Bloom Filters. However, they consume significant amounts of memory. In this paper we introduce a new general method based on variable increments to improve the efficiency of CBFs and their variants. Unlike CBFs, at each element insertion, the hashed counters are incremented by a hashed variable increment instead of a unit increment. Then, to query an element, the exact value of a counter is considered and not just its positiveness. We present two simple schemes based on this method. We demonstrate that this method can always achieve a lower false positive rate and a lower overflow probability bound than CBF in practical systems. We also show how it can be easily implemented in hardware, with limited added complexity and memory overhead. We further explain how this method can extend many variants of CBF that have been published in the literature. Last, using simulations, we show how it can improve the false positive rate of CBFs by up to an order of magnitude given the same amount of memory.
A Universal Spring-Probe System for Reliable Probing of Electrochemical Lab-on-a-Chip Devices

For achieve sensitivity in lab-on-a-chip electrochemical detection, more reliable probing methods are required, especially for repeated measurements. Spring-probes are a promising candidate method which can replace needle-like probes and alligator clips that usually produce scratches on the surface of gold electrodes due to the strong physical contacts needed for electrochemical measurements. The superior reliability of amperometric measurements by a spring-probe system was compared with results by conventional probing methods. We demonstrated that a universal spring-probe system would be potentially suitable to achieve high performance in lab-on-a-chip devices using electrochemical detection.
Towards the Development of a Pan-European Stochastic Precipitation Dataset

Abstract. Heavy precipitation leading to widespread river floods are one of the main natural hazards affecting Central Europe. Since extreme precipitation events associated with devastating floods have long return periods, long-term datasets are needed to adequately quantify the frequency and intensity of these events. As long-term observations of precipitation across Europe are rare and not homogeneous in space nor time, they are generally not suitable to run hydrological models. In the present study, a combined approach is presented on how to generate a consistent precipitation dataset based on dynamical downscaling and post-processing statistics. Focus is given to five river catchments in Central Europe: Upper Danube, Elbe, Oder, Rhine, and Vistula. Reanalysis data are dynamically downscaled with a regional climate model and bias corrected towards observations. Empirical quantile mapping was identified as one of the most suitable methods to correct the bias in model precipitation. For most of the top ten precipitation events of large European river catchments, bias correction led to clear improvements towards the raw model data. However, results for Western European rivers (e.g., Rhine) are typically better than for Eastern European rivers (e.g., Vistula), which may also be associated with observational gaps for the latter. Two examples of severe river floods are presented in more detail: the Rhine river flood in winter 1995 and the flood in the Upper Danube and Vistula in June 2009. While the former was already well presented without bias correction, for the latter, bias correction improved underestimated precipitation amounts in the Upper Danube but not in the Vistula catchment. In conclusion, this method can be applied to other extensive datasets towards the development of a Pan-European stochastic precipitation dataset.
Cytoplasmic Domain of MscS Interacts with Cell Division Protein FtsZ: A Possible Non-Channel Function of the Mechanosensitive Channel in Escherichia Coli

Bacterial mechano-sensitive (MS) channels reside in the inner membrane and are considered to act as emergency valves whose role is to lower cell turgor when bacteria enter hypo-osmotic environments. However, there is emerging evidence that members of the Mechano-sensitive channel Small (MscS) family play additional roles in bacterial and plant cell physiology. MscS has a large cytoplasmic C-terminal region that changes its shape upon activation and inactivation of the channel. Our pull-down and co-sedimentation assays show that this domain interacts with FtsZ, a bacterial tubulin-like protein. We identify point mutations in the MscS C-terminal domain that reduce binding to FtsZ and show that bacteria expressing these mutants are compromised in growth on sublethal concentrations of β-lactam antibiotics. Our results suggest that interaction between MscS and FtsZ could occur upon inactivation and/or opening of the channel and could be important for the bacterial cell response against sustained stress upon stationary phase and in the presence of β-lactam antibiotics.
Evidence for additional FREM1 heterogeneity in Manitoba oculotrichoanal syndrome

Purpose Manitoba Oculotrichoanal (MOTA) syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder present in First Nations families that is characterized by ocular (cryptophthalmos), facial, and genital anomalies. At the commencement of this study, its genetic basis was undefined. Methods Homozygosity analysis was employed to map the causative locus using DNA samples from four probands of Cree ancestry. After single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping, data were analyzed and exported to PLINK to identify regions identical by descent (IBD) and common to the probands. Candidate genes within and adjacent to the IBD interval were sequenced to identify pathogenic variants, with analyses of potential deletions or duplications undertaken using the B-allele frequency and log2 ratio of SNP signal intensity. Results Although no shared IBD region >1 Mb was evident on preliminary analysis, adjusting the criteria to permit the detection of smaller homozygous IBD regions revealed one 330 Kb segment on chromosome 9p22.3 present in all 4 probands. This interval comprising 152 SNPs, lies 16 Kb downstream of FRAS1-related extracellular matrix protein 1 (FREM1), and no copy number variations were detected either in the IBD region or FREM1. Subsequent sequencing of both genes in the IBD region, followed by FREM1, did not reveal any mutations. Conclusions This study illustrates the utility of studying geographically isolated populations to identify genomic regions responsible for disease through analysis of small numbers of affected individuals. The location of the IBD region 16 kb from FREM1 suggests the phenotype in these patients is attributable to a variant outside of FREM1, potentially in a regulatory element, whose identification may prove tractable to next generation sequencing. In the context of recent identification of FREM1 coding mutations in a proportion of MOTA cases, characterization of such additional variants offers scope both to enhance understanding of FREM1’s role in cranio-facial biology and may facilitate genetic counselling in populations with high prevalences of MOTA to reduce the incidence of this disorder.
Do people with similar waist circumference share similar health risks irrespective of height?

In order to know whether people of similar waist circumference having similar health risks irrespective of height, comparisons of odds ratios for coronary risk factors and fatty liver by echogram were made between the subjects from the first (short, < or = 164.5 cm) and fourth quartiles (tall, > or = 172.4 cm) of height from both the third (84.5 approximately < 89 cm) and fourth (> or = 89 cm) quartiles of waist circumference from 3117 men (ranging 35-64 years old) who underwent routine health examinations in Tokyo. After adjusting for age, and with tall subjects in the same waist circumference category as reference, the odds ratios were significantly higher for the short people from the third quartile of waist circumference for the risk of hypertension (1.62, 95% CI 1.002-2.63), hyperglycemia (3.34, 1.27-9.95) and fatty liver (2.12, 1.30-3.50). However, there were no significant differences in odds ratios of any risk health risks between short people and tall people from the fourth quartile of waist circumference. Although people of prominently large waist circumferences may have similar health risks of the above items irrespective of height, short people have higher health risks than tall people in the moderately large waist circumference population of Japanese men.
A wideband OOK receiver for wireless capsule endoscope

An on-off keying (OOK) receiver for wireless capsule endoscope application is presented, which comprises low-noise amplifier (LNA), band-pass filter, envelope detector, automatic-gain control (AGC) and output buffer. The common-drain-feedback LNA provides wideband input matching. Moreover, a high-frequency envelope detector has been implemented, which is based on OTA-rectifier-peak-detector open loop structure. The storage capacitor of the envelope detector is optimized to obtain good sensitivity and high data rate. A discrete-step AGC is applied for wide input dynamic range, which adopts forward gain-control technique to enhance the settling speed. The carrier frequency is 480 MHz. Sensitivity of the proposed receiver is measured to be −83 dBm, −81 dBm and −80 dBm with data rates of 10 Mbps, 20 Mbps and 40 Mbps, respectively.
Relative sensitivity of photosynthesis and respiration to freeze-thaw stress in herbaceous species : importance of realistic freeze-thaw protocols.

The relative effect of a freeze-thaw cycle on photosynthesis, respiration, and ion leakage of potato leaf tissue was examined in two potato species, Solanum acaule Bitt. and Solanum commersonii Dun. Photosynthesis was found to be much more sensitive to freezing stress than was respiration, and demonstrated more than a 60% inhibition before any impairment of respiratory function was observed. Photosynthesis showed a slight to moderate inhibition when only 5 to 10% of the total electrolytes had leaked from the tissue (reversible injury). This was in contrast to respiration which showed no impairment until temperatures at which about 50% ion leakage (irreversible injury) had occurred. The influence of freeze-thaw protocol was further examined in S. acaule and S. commersonii, in order to explore discrepancies in the literature as to the relative sensitivities of photosynthesis and respiration. As bath cooling rates increased from 1 degrees C/hour to about 3 or 6 degrees C/hour, there was a dramatic increase in the level of damage to all measured cellular functions. The initiation of ice formation in deeply supercooled tissue caused even greater damage. As the cooling rates used in stress treatments increased, the differential sensitivity between photosynthesis and respiration nearly disappeared. Examination of agriculturally relevant, climatological data from an 11 year period confirmed that air cooling rates in the freezing range do not exceed 2 degrees C/hour. It was demonstrated, in the studies presented here, that simply increasing the actual cooling rate from 1.0 to 2.9 degrees C/hour, in frozen tissue from paired leaflet halves, meant the difference between cell survival and cell death.
PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS AND SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED TO INTESTINAL PARASITE INFECTIONS AMONG PATIENTS WITH GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS IN NAHAVAND, WESTERN IRAN

We studied the prevalence of intestinal parasites (IPs), their risk factors and associated symptoms among patients with gastrointestinal disorders. A total of 1,301 participants aged 22 days-90 years were enrolled in this study. We used a structured questionnaire to obtain socio-demographic and stool examination to investigate intestinal parasite infections. Data analysis was performed using SPSS16. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites (IPs) was 32.2% (419/1,301). Three hundred and fifty nine cases/1,301 (27.6%) were infected with a single parasite and 60/1,301 cases (4.6%) presented polyparasitism. The most common IP was Blastocystis sp. 350/1,301 (26.9%), followed by Entamoeba coli 38/1,301 (2.92%), Giardia lamblia 30/1,301 (2.3%) and Cryptosporidium spp. 17/1,301 (1.3%). Regarding the socio-demographic variables, educational status (p = 0.001), contact with domestic animals and soil (p = 0.02), age above 15 years (p = 0.001) and seasons (p = 0.001) were significantly associated to intestinal parasitic infections. Concerning clinical characteristics, the presence of IPs was significantly associated to diarrhea (OR = 1.57; CI 95% = 1.24-1.98; p < 0.001) and dysentery (OR = 1.94; CI 95% = 1.03-3.66; p < 0.04). Our findings suggest that IPs are one of the main causal agents of gastrointestinal disorders. Improving the knowledge on local risk factors such as poverty, low level of education, poor sanitation, contact with soil and contact with domestic animal is warranted.
A Survey on Automatic Text Summarization

The increasing availability of online information has necessitated intensive research in the area of automatic text summarization within the Natural Language Processing (NLP) community. Over the past half a century, the problem has been addressed from many dierent perspectives, in varying domains and using various paradigms. This survey intends to investigate some of the most relevant approaches both in the areas of single-document and multipledocument summarization, giving special emphasis to empirical methods and extractive techniques. Some promising approaches that concentrate on specic details of the summarization problem are also discussed. Special attention is devoted to automatic evaluation of summarization systems, as future research on summarization is strongly dependent on progress in this area.
Myeloid Sarcoma: The Clinician's Point of View

Myeloid Sarcoma may occur in patients with an acute or chronic myeloproliferative disorder as well as de novo, with no apparent sign or symptom of concomitant haematological disease. The patients are preferentially young male and the site of disease localization may vary from central nervous system to pleura and thorax, with a common involvement of the reticuloendothelial system. The disease often shows chromosomal rearrangements, involving chromosomes 7, 8 and 3 and sometimes a complex karyotype (more than 3 abnormalities) is detected at diagnosis. The prognosis of this disease is dismal and only high-dose chemotherapy with autologous or allogeneic stem cells transplantation (auto or allo-SCT) may be potentially curative. In the absence of definitive elements that can define the prognosis of extra-medullary localization of “standard risk” AML, Clinicians should pursue the collection of data from different Centres and design of homogeneous treatment strategies, that could integrate standard chemotherapy with specific approaches, such as radiotherapy, transplant procedures or, in selected cases (such as those displaying molecular abnormalities involving protein tyrosine-kinases), molecularly targeted therapies.