Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intellectual Property and the Markets of Ideas

This article summarizes the law and economics theory of IPRs, while at the same time suggests hints for further research. The standard literature on IPRs generally relies on the thesis of the incentive to create new ideas. Although this argument remains valid in the general case, in several circumstances it fails to take into account various consequences arising from the dynamic effect of IPRs on the market structure. The main conclusion is that the economic evaluation of IP based on a more suitable representation of creative contexts might reveal a different balance of welfare and lead to different policy indications.
Distributed schema-based middleware for ambient intelligence environments

This work was partially funded by ASIES (Adapting Social & Intelligent Environments to Support people with special needs), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion – TIN2010-17344, e-Madrid (Investigacion y desarrollo de tecnologias para el e-learning en la Comunidad de Madrid) S2009/ TIC-1650 and Vesta (Ministerio de Industria, Turismo y Comercio, TSI-020100-2009-828) projects.
Spin in Physical Space, Internal Space, and Hilbert Space

Spin is already a great unifying principle in theoretical physics, but its potential is far from exhausted. Here I discuss - very concisely - the role of spin in particle physics, in space-time physics, and in ideas for unified field theories. I then discuss spin as an emergent property, as it arises in connection with abelian and nonabelian anyons.
Effects of root exudates of woody species on the soil anti-erodibility in the rhizosphere in a karst region, China

Introduction Rhizospheres, the most active interfaces between plants and soils, play a central role in the long-term maintenance of the biosphere. The anti-erodibility of soils (AES) regulated by the root exudates is crucial to the soil stability in the rhizospheres. However, scientists still debate (1) the key organic matter of the root exudates affecting the AES and (2) the interspecific variation of these root exudates. Methods We used an incubation of soils to test the effects of the root exudates from eight woody plant species on the change in soil aggregation and identified the organic matter in these root exudates with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and biochemical methods. Furthermore, the relationships between the organic matter in the exudates and the AES in the rhizospheres of 34 additional tree species were analyzed. Results The water-stable aggregates of the soils incubated with the root exudates increased by 15%–50% on average compared with control samples. The interspecific differences were significant. The root exudates included hundreds of specific organic matter types; hydrocarbon, total sugar, total amino acids, and phenolic compounds were crucial to the AES. These organic matter types could explain approximately 20–75% of the variation in the total effect of the root exudates on the AES, which was quantified based on the aggregate status, degree of aggregation, dispersion ratio, and dispersion coefficient. Discussion The effects of the root exudates on the AES and the interspecific variation are as important as that of root density, litters, and vegetation covers. Many studies explored the effects of root density, litters, vegetation covers, and vegetation types on the AES, but little attention has been paid to the effects of the root exudates on the AES. Different plants secrete different relative contents of organic matter resulting in the variation of the effect of the root exudates on the AES. Our study quantified the causal relationships between the root exudates and the AES using modeling experiments in laboratory and field observations and indicated the interspecific variation of the AES and organic matter of the root exudates. Conclusions More organic compounds of the exudates related to the AES were recognized in this study. These results enhance the understanding of the soil stability at a slope and can be applied to ecosystem restoration.
Load Balancing in Distributed Systems using Diffusion Technique

The purpose of load balancing algorithm is to distribute the excess load from heavily loaded nodes to underloaded nodes. A new dynamic load balancing algorithm is proposed based on diffusion approach (DDD) for homogeneous systems where the processing capacities of all nodes in the system are equal. The proposed algorithm works iteratively to balance the load among the nodes in a system. The dynamic distributed diffusion algorithm has been developed for coarse and large granularity applications, where the load shall be treated as an Integer quantity. The functioning of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by using a random graph & simulation has shown the proposed algorithm performs better in terms of time taken to balance the load, minimizing the load variance among the nodes and maximizing the throughput.
Hybrid Solution for Secured and Energy Aware Routing Path in Wireless Sensor Networks

Recently, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and its applications have obtained considerable momentum due to its growing usage in different applications. However, security and power limits of WSNs are still important matters especially during routing since the early beginning of this research due to few of previous studies take into consideration security threats and energy consumption at the same time. Many existing approaches at most concentrate on cryptography to improve data security but this addresses only a part of the security problem without consideration for high energy consumption. This article presents a hybrid solution that depends on combination between network nodes trustworthiness and energy aware routing mechanism. This solution provides security and minimizes power consumption during routing. Performance and efficiency are measured through simulation results, analysis and comparison with well-known mechanisms.
Ergosterols from the Culture Broth of Marine Streptomyces anandii H41-59

An actinomycete strain, H41-59, isolated from sea sediment in a mangrove district, was identified as Streptomyces anandii on the basis of 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis as well as the investigation of its morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. Three new ergosterols, ananstreps A–C (1–3), along with ten known ones (4–13), were isolated from the culture broth of this strain. The gross structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive analysis of spectroscopic data, including HR-ESI-MS, and NMR. The cytotoxicities of these isolates against human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7, human glioblastoma cell line SF-268, and human lung cancer cell line NCI-H460 and their antibacterial activities in inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans and some other pathogenic microorganisms were tested. Compounds 3–8, 10 and 11 displayed cytotoxicity with IC50 values in a range from 13.0 to 27.8 μg/mL. However, all the tested compounds showed no activity on C. albicans and other bacteria at the test concentration of 1 mg/mL with the paper disc diffusion method.
Method driven model: a unified model for an object composition language

Object-Oriented (OO) paradigm facilitates identification of pertinent domain objects as nouns. Often the domain verbs are modeled as member functions associated with these objects. However, object interactions are also characterized by domain verbs. The current OO programming languages lack suitable abstractions for modeling interactions among objects. To overcome this limitation, we propose a unified model known as Method Driven Model (MDM) that employs a novel approach for capturing object interactions using aspects. Each object in the proposed model is viewed as consisting of several aspects from the identity and encapsulation perspective. Instead of viewing objects as being rigidly defined at compile-time, the aspect run-time system weaves the aspects appropriately with the objects. The key features of MDM are that it enables State Based Filtering(SBF) and eliminates Object Schizophrenia Problem (OSP).
Research on the cooperative BSs' number of coordinated Multi-Point Transmission with perfect feedback

The paper studies regional planning issues of Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) Transmission with perfect feedback under single-user scenario. Given the downlink received signal expression and the definition of penalty factor, the net ergodic capacity optimization problem is derived. For this optimization problem, the capacity of non-CoMP and CoMP is analyzed and the optimization goal is simplified. Then the relation between net ergodic capacity and cooperative BSs' number is analyzed. Simulation results show that the theoretical analysis curves are consistent with the results obtained by Monte Carlo simulation.
Tracking Related Multiple Targets in Videos DISSERTATION submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doktor / in der technischen Wissenschaften

This cumulative thesis presents research in the field of tracking. Tracking is one of the most thoroughly researched problems in computer vision. The aim of tracking is to follow an object of interest (target) in a video. In this thesis, I focus on a special problem: tracking related multiple targets. Two important questions in tracking are: What is the target? and Where is the target? The core contributions of this thesis answer these two questions with the help of graph-based representations and methods. The first core contribution is a fully automatic initialization for target models (What? ), based on the principal that things which move together belong together. The input of the approach is a video showing the targets in motion. In this video a set of salient points is tracked to extract the necessary motion information in the form of trajectories. A triangulated graph is built based on the initial positions of the tracked points. Then, the triangulated graph is deformed based on the motion encoded in the trajectories. This deformation of the triangulation over time is the input of a hierarchical grouping process, which is realized by an irregular dual graph pyramid. In the top level of the resulting pyramid the rigid entities (e.g. body parts of a human body) are identified. Finally, the motion of these rigid entities is analyzed to find possible points of articulation connecting them (e.g. upper and lower arm of a human). The second core contribution is a novel approach for finding temporal correspondences of multiple related targets (Where? ). This thesis proposes to represent the targets by a graph model, where each target is represented by a vertex and their relationships are encoded by edges. The traditional solution to find the temporal correspondences of a graph model is graph matching. In contrast to that, this thesis proposes a novel approach, which finds the correspondence of each vertex (target) by combining the appearance cue of a simple tracker with the structural cue deduced from a graph model. These two cues are combined in an iterative process inspired by the well-known Mean Shift algorithm. The outcome are correspondences for all vertices and edges in the graph, which locally maximize the similarity in appearance and locally minimize the deviation from the structure encoded in the model. Finally, the main goal of this thesis is to show the potential of graph-based representations and methods in tracking. This goal has been achieved through these two core contributions.
Efficient Use of Textured 3D Model for Pre-observation-based Diminished Reality

Diminished reality (DR) deletes or diminishes undesirable objects from the perceived environments. We present a pre-observation-based DR (POB-DR) framework that uses a textured 3D model (T-3DM) of a scene for efficiently deleting undesirable objects. The proposed framework and T-3DM data structure enable geometric and photometric registration that allow the user to move in six degrees-of-freedom (6DoF) under dynamic lighting during the deletion process. To accomplish these tasks, we allow the user to pre-observe backgrounds to be occluded similar to existing POB-DR approaches and preserve hundreds of view-dependent images and triangle fans as a T-3DM. The proposed system effectively uses the T-3DM for all of processes to fill in the target region in the proposed deletion scheme. The results of our experiments demonstrate that the proposed system works in unknown 3D scenes and can handle rapid and drastic 6DoF camera motion and dynamic illumination changes.
Dandelion: A locally-high-performance and globally-high-scalability hierarchical data center network

The increasing customer demand is driving modern data centers to embrace the freely-expandable network architecture. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art freely-expandable networks suffer from either the large granularity of expansion or the prohibitive implementation cost. Furthermore, a recent research showed that data center traffic tends to be highly clustered. Based on above observations, this paper proposes a freely-expandable network architecture, namely the dandelion. Dandelion is a two-level hierarchical network, where the first level aims at “high performance” and the second level aims at “high scalability”. The resulting network has two distinct advantages. First, it could arbitrarily expand with a reasonable granularity. Second, the router architecture is efficient as well as highly scalable since 1) the routing table is significantly compressed and 2) a fixed number of virtual channels per physical channel are required regardless of the network size. Finally, the traffic characteristics of four typical cloud applications are analyzed, and the generated traffic patterns are used to evaluate the proposed network architecture. Simulation results prove that the dandelion is a promising network architecture for future data centers.
Simulation for Priority Based Scheduling Algorithm in Real Time System on Multicore Platform

One of the most important mechanisms of the computer system is the CPU and scheduling involves task placement and task adjustment. CPU scheduling involves a careful checking of pending processes to place and adjust in most efficient way to service the requests. Multiprocessor Real time system requires an efficient algorithm to determine when and on which processor a given task should execute. Most CPU scheduling algorithms concentrate on maximizing CPU utilization and minimizing waiting time, response time, computation time and number of context switching for a set of requests. Multicore and multithreaded CPUs become the new approach in real time system to achieve system performance, maximum utilization of the processor and efficiency. Projected work based on priorities and scheduling algorithm. A simulator program provides a fast and easy way to evaluate the system performance in Real-time system and consider tasks priorities which cause higher system utilization and lowers deadline miss time. To overcome run-time scheduling and prioritized-partitioned problems, accomplish a multiprocessor system on chip simulator which is capable of accurately simulating on a processor, and evaluate their effect on real-time system to improve the system performance with the help of different algorithms i.e. FPZL (Fixed Priority until Zero Laxity) & DPZL (Dynamic Priority until Zero Laxity).
What Bugs Live in the Cloud? A Study of 3000+ Issues in Cloud Systems

We conduct a comprehensive study of development and deployment issues of six popular and important cloud systems (Hadoop MapReduce, HDFS, HBase, Cassandra, ZooKeeper and Flume). From the bug repositories, we review in total 21,399 submitted issues within a three-year period (2011-2014). Among these issues, we perform a deep analysis of 3655 "vital" issues (i.e., real issues affecting deployments) with a set of detailed classifications. We name the product of our one-year study Cloud Bug Study database (CbsDB) [9], with which we derive numerous interesting insights unique to cloud systems. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the largest bug study for cloud systems to date.
An Empirical Study on the Influence of the Equity Structure on the Listed SMEs Growth

The growth is an important indicator measuring the operation and prospect of listed enterprises. We study the influence of large shareholders on the growth of small-and-medium listed enterprises(listed SMEs) from the aspect of the equity structure based on a sample of 189 A-market listed SMEs. We establish an indicator system using main factor analysis to get a comprehensive growth score for evaluating the growth. Through regression analysis we study the influence of the largest equity ratio under the condition of different equity nature. Moreover, we study the influence of the equity balance on the growth under the condition of different equity nature and different control types through grouping analysis.
Guillain-Barre syndrome after lumbar epidural block

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute demyelinating polyneuropathy characterized by weakening of muscular strength on both sides of the body and ascending paralysis of the body, and displays a prevalence rate of 0.6-4 out of 100,000 persons per year [1]. Clinical appearance mostly begins with weakening of muscular strength in the distally located lower limb and progresses to the proximal muscles including the trunk, neck, and face over several days [2]. Here, we report a case of GBS that occurred after a lumbar epidural block along with a literature review. A 26-year-old man who visited the pain clinic at our hospital presented with an aggravation of radiating pain to the right lower limb. The patient was diagnosed with lumbar herniated intervertebral disc between the 5th lumbar and 1st sacral vertebrate with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) done at our hospital about a year ago. The patient was injected with a mixture consisting of 2 ml of 1% mepivacaine, 1 ml of triamcinolone (40 mg/ml), and 5 ml of normal saline into the epidural space with a 22-gauge epidural Tuohy needle between the 5th lumbar and 1st sacral vertebrate. Although the radiating pain to the right lower limb improved, he revisited the emergency ward of our hospital with a feeling of powerlessness in both lower limbs that increasingly worsened 4 days after the epidural block. During the motor test, grade III-IV hip joint flexion, grade IV hip joint extension on both sides, grade II knee joint flexion, grade IV knee joint extension on both sides, and grade II dorsi-flexion of the ankle joint on both sides were observed. Reflex test demonstrated findings of areflexia in the knees and Achilles tendon on both sides. The patient had diarrhea several times 10 days before visiting the pain clinic at our hospital, which improved without any particular treatment. An MRI was taken to reconfirm the extent of the lumbar herniated intervertebral disc, which displayed findings of reduction in the extent of the lumbar herniated intervertebral disc compared to the MRI taken a year ago. While the test was being done, the patient complained of a sensory abnormality around his lips, and the patient was transferred to the department of neurology at a higher-ranking hospital with suspicion of GBS. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis resulted in findings of increased levels of proteins to 121 mg/dl (normal level, 15-45 mg/dl). In the nerve conduction test, terminal latency in the peroneal nerve and posterior tibial nerve on both sides was prolonged while compound muscle action potential amplitude and conduction velocity were within normal range. F-wave latency was prolonged in the posterior tibial nerve. Having been diagnosed with GBS, the patient was administered immunoglobulin for 5 days. The patient was discharged after having shown improvement after 10 days of treatment in the hospital.
A survey of the distribution, seasonal activity and roost sites of New Zealand bats

The lesser short-tailed bat (Mystacina t. tuberculata) has been found in 18 locations in indigenous forest in North Island since 1961, mainly in Northland kauri forest (including Little Barrier Island), on the volcanic plateau (including Tongariro National Park), Urewera National Park and in Tararua Range. In South Island this bat has only been reported once since 1961, in North West Nelson Forest Park, and must be regarded as endangered. It is present also on Codfish Island, but is thought to have become extinct on Big South Cape and Solomon Islands about 1967. The greater short-tailed bat (Mystacina t. robusta) survived in historical times only on two rat-free islands off southwest Stewart Island, Big South Cape and Solomon Islands, where it was sympatric with the lesser short-tailed bat, until the ship rat (Rattus rattus) irruption in the early 1960s. Classified in the Red Data Book of New Zealand in the "indeterminate" category, this bat was last positively recorded in 1965 and is now believed to be extinct on its last two known refuges. The long-tailed bat (Chalinolobus tuberculatus) is widely distributed in a variety of indigenous and manmade habitats in both North and South Islands and is the only common species of bat in New Zealand. It is also found on Little Barrier Island, probably on Great Barrier Island, and is present on Kapiti Island and on the northeast corner of Stewart Island. A major advance of this. survey over that reported by Dwyer in 1962 is that far more bat sightings and positively identified specimens are now available for analysis. This collection of distribution records now gives a clearer understanding of the distribution of the New Zealand bats than was possible in the earlier survey. Seasonal activity, roost sites, predation and competition for food by introduced rats, and the conservation status of the bat fauna, are discussed.
Modeling Word Forms Using Latent Underlying Morphs and Phonology

The observed pronunciations or spellings of words are often explained as arising from the “underlying forms” of their morphemes. These forms are latent strings that linguists try to reconstruct by hand. We propose to reconstruct them automatically at scale, enabling generalization to new words. Given some surface word types of a concatenative language along with the abstract morpheme sequences that they express, we show how to recover consistent underlying forms for these morphemes, together with the (stochastic) phonology that maps each concatenation of underlying forms to a surface form. Our technique involves loopy belief propagation in a natural directed graphical model whose variables are unknown strings and whose conditional distributions are encoded as finite-state machines with trainable weights. We define training and evaluation paradigms for the task of surface word prediction, and report results on subsets of 7 languages.
Tangible user interfaces for 3D clipping plane interaction with volumetric data: a case study

Visualization via direct volume rendering is a potentially very powerful technique for exploring and interacting with large amounts of scientific data. However, the available two-dimensional (2D) interfaces make three-dimensional (3D) manipulation with such data very difficult. Many usability problems during interaction in turn discourage the widespread use of volume rendering as a scientific tool. In this paper, we present a more in-depth investigation into one specific interface aspect, i.e., the positioning of a clipping plane within volume-rendered data. More specifically, we propose three different interface prototypes that have been realized with the help of wireless vision-based tracking. These three prototypes combine aspects of 2D graphical user interfaces with 3D tangible interaction devices. They allow to experience and compare different user interface strategies for performing the clipping plane interaction task. They also provide a basis for carrying out user evaluations in the near future.