Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preface IDENTIFICATION , MEASUREMENT AND FINANCIAL VALUATION OF INTANGIBLES : DIFFICULT AND RELATED TASKS

The management and valuation of intangible resources—also called intangibles—is undoubtedly a major business preoccupation. This is particularly true for knowledge-based resources, also known as intellectual capital (IC) (Hussi, 2004; Kaufmann and Schneider, 2004). A company’s intangible resources often account for a greater proportion of its overall total resources than its tangible assets do. However, the value of most intangibles does not appear on financial statements, largely because the lack of transparency and the absence of a benchmark market make it difficult to value them (Lev and Zarowing, 1998). Some authors see no need for explicit reports on the value of a firm’s intellectual capital, arguing that the market already does this by valuing its securities. This view would be correct if stock markets were continuously efficient, but this has proven not to be the case. Furthermore, the market always values the set of a firm’s intangibles, which means the problem of valuing them individually persists. Moreover, stock market valuations are not applicable to unquoted SME, being comparable listed companies hard to find. In the 1990s, demands from the corporate world prompted academic research to seek ways of reflecting the value of intangibles in financial statements (García-Ayuso, Monterrey and Pineda, 1997; Lev and Zarowin, 1998; Lev, Sarath and Sougiannis, 1999; Lev, 2001b; Cañibano et al., 2002). Unfortunately, the problem has largely resisted efforts to find a solution. The lack of an explicit valuation of intangible assets may encourage information asymmetries and inefficiencies on stock markets. Experience shows that when the value of intangible assets is included in the market analysis, forecasts on the future business performance improve, which highlights their importance in making the market efficient, reducing information asymmetries and thus the adverse selection risk. Apart from the advantages for financial market performance to be gained from fuller information about a firm’s intangibles, detailed knowledge of such intangibles inside the company is also very important:
Drag-and-drop interface for registration-free object delivery

We propose a simple drag-and-drop interface on a touch screen to give instructions to an object-delivery robot. The user uses a finger to drag a target object and drop it to a target location on the screen that shows an image of the floor provided by a ceiling camera. The system then autonomously executes a delivery task without continuous control by the user. We employ user-guided computer vision methods to identify and track an object in a scene without prior registration. We conducted a user study, which showed that the participants completed separate tasks more successfully when using our method than when using a remote controller.
Translation Exercise Assistant: Automated Generation of Translation

Machine translation has clearly entered into the marketplace as a helpful technology. Commercial applications are used on the internet for automatic translation of web pages and news articles. In the business environment, companies offer software that performs automatic translations of web sites for localization purposes, and translations of business documents (e.g., memo and e-mails). With regard to education, research using machine translation for language learning tools has been of interest since the early 1990's (Anderson, 1993, Richmond, 1994, and Yasuda, 2004), though little has been developed. Very recently, Microsoft introduced a product called Writing Wizard that uses machine translation to assist with business writing for native Chinese speakers. To our knowledge, this is currently the only deployed education-based tool that uses machine translation.
Achieving transparency in series elastic actuator of sharif lower limb exoskeleton using LLNF-NARX model

Nowadays, exoskeletons have been gaining popularity due to their potential use in rehabilitation and augmentation. These robots often utilize series elastic actuators to facilitate compliant interaction with the human. Numerous studies have been carried out with the purpose of identification and control of these type of actuators. The goal of this paper is to provide a method for dynamic modeling and identification of series elastic actuators. This model is then used in the control loop as a feed-forward term to eliminate the actuator's dynamics. Each series elastic actuator used in the Sharif wearable robot, uses a brushless DC motor, a torsional spring, a harmonic drive, a timing belt, a bevel gearbox, absolute and relative encoders, etc. This actuator dissipates a major part of the torque as friction. To identify this system, a nonlinear dynamic identification method is necessary. Here, the LLNF-NARX (Local Linear Neuro-Fuzzy Nonlinear Auto Regressive with Exogenous input model) data-based method is used in this study for actuator identification and control. In this approach, the LLNF identification method is used as the main core of a NARX structure. Obtained experimental results show that the major part of the torque produced in robot is dissipated in the series elastic actuators. On the other hand, by assuming a relatively high gearbox ratio, inertial effects of the robot's links are negligible compared to that of the actuator, and as a result, it accounts for an inconsiderable amount of the torque produced by the DC motor. Therefore, a significant part of the torque produced from the control rule, is used to overcome the actuator's dynamics. Hence, the torque estimation using the proposed identification method will greatly impact the control of the series elastic actuators and Exoskeleton robot as a whole. The results from this research is used as an inner control loop to cancel the actuator dynamics, making the actuators transparent in other control loops, in a sense.
Periodic Hadamard Phase Precoding for HARQ Systems over Intersymbol Interference Channels

In this paper, we present a simple and effective preceding technique to mitigate intersymbol interference in communication systems that implement automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocols over slowly time-varying frequency-selective channels. In each ARQ transmission, only the phase of modulated symbols are changed according to a specific periodic pattern in order to pre-equalize the Euclidean distance at the output of the noiseless ISI channel in the minimum square error sense. We first derive a performance criterion on the selection of precoding phases. Then, an optimal periodic pattern is built without a priori knowledge of the channel state information by the transmitter, based on orthogonal Hadamard matrices. We show that the proposed precoding scheme provides a substantial gain in terms of frame error rate performance of the joint detector without significant increase of the receiver complexity, leading to both enhanced throughput efficiency and dropping rate in ARQ systems, especially for low to medium SNR range.
An Extended Production and Inspection Model with Nonrigid Demand

This paper extends a previous production and inspection (PI) model in relation to market demand that is nonrigid to consider an imperfect process that has a general hazard rate instead of a constant failure rate. Products are produced by an imperfect process that may shift randomly from the IN state to the OUT state. When the process is in the OUT state, it has a higher probability of producing a nonconforming product than when it is in the IN state. To achieve the zero defects policy, all products before delivery to the market should be inspected and the inspection order follows their production sequence. Furthermore, the inspection information from all previous products is used to decide either that the next candidate product should be inspected or that the inspection procedure for the current production lot should be terminated. When the inspection procedure is terminated, the remaining unmet demand is regarded as a shortage. An algorithm is developed to determine an optimal PI policy that minimizes the expected total cost, which includes the cost of inspection, of shortage, and of production.
Concurrent Participation in Federally-Funded Welfare Programs and Empowerment Toward Economic Self-Sufficiency

Abstract This research examined the impact of participation in federal means-tested welfare programs on the attainment and maintenance of economic self-sufficiency. Using the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), this quasi-experimental investigation compartmentalized 4216 low-income households into an intervention group (n = 2436) and a comparison group (n = 1780). Households in the intervention group received one or more welfare benefits for the most part of the 2008–2013 quinquennium. By contrast, those in the comparison group – although eligible for these benefits – did not receive them. The survey respondents were measured repeatedly over a 56-month period to assess whether welfare receipt impacts their household income steadily beyond 150% of the federal poverty level, after controlling for known predictors. Multivariate analyses displayed medium effect sizes indicating that participation in public assistance did decrease the likelihood of economic self-sufficiency. Macro-implications of these findings for poverty and social welfare stakeholders were discussed.
Homo sapiens, Homo neanderthalensis and the Denisova specimen: New insights on their evolutionary histories using whole-genome comparisons

After a brief review of the most recent findings in the study of human evolution, an extensive comparison of the complete genomes of our nearest relative, the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), of extant Homo sapiens, archaic Homo neanderthalensis and the Denisova specimen were made. The focus was on non-synonymous mutations, which consequently had an impact on protein levels and these changes were classified according to degree of effect. A total of 10,447 non-synonymous substitutions were found in which the derived allele is fixed or nearly fixed in humans as compared to chimpanzee. Their most frequent location was on chromosome 21. Their presence was then searched in the two archaic genomes. Mutations in 381 genes would imply radical amino acid changes, with a fraction of these related to olfaction and other important physiological processes. Eight new alleles were identified in the Neanderthal and/or Denisova genetic pools. Four others, possibly affecting cognition, occured both in the sapiens and two other archaic genomes. The selective sweep that gave rise to Homo sapiens could, therefore, have initiated before the modern/archaic human divergence.
Common phase error correction with feedback for OFDM in wireless communication

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are very sensitive to phase noise caused by oscillator instabilities. In this paper the phase noise is resolved into two components, namely the common phase error (CPE), which affects all the subchannels equally and the intercarrier interference (ICI), which is caused by the loss of orthogonality of the subcarriers. We present a technique to estimate and correct the CPE component and demonstrate its effectiveness when applied to a broadband fixed wireless access (BFWA) data transmission system for the multichannel multipoint distribution service (MMDS) band. We show a performance increase up to 6 dB when applying the CPE correction in terms of the tolerance to the phase noise variance, /spl sigma//sub /spl psi///sup 2/.
Transition States in Protein Folding Kinetics : Modeling U-Values of Small b-Sheet Proteins

Small single-domain proteins often exhibit only a single free-energy barrier, or transition state, between the denatured and the native state. The folding kinetics of these proteins is usually explored via mutational analysis. A central question is which structural information on the transition state can be derived from the mutational data. In this article, we model and structurally interpret mutational F-values for two small b-sheet proteins, the PIN and the FBP WW domains. The native structure of these WW domains comprises two b-hairpins that form a three-stranded b-sheet. In our model, we assume that the transition state consists of two conformations in which either one of the hairpins is formed. Such a transition state has been recently observed in molecular dynamics folding-unfolding simulations of a small designed three-stranded b-sheet protein. We obtain good agreement with the experimental data 1), by splitting up the mutation-induced free-energy changes into terms for the two hairpins and for the small hydrophobic core of the proteins; and 2), by fitting a single parameter, the relative degree to which hairpins 1 and 2 are formed in the transition state. The model helps us to understand how mutations affect the folding kinetics of WW domains, and captures also negative F-values that have been difficult to interpret.
Dynamic distribute route recommendation system for multiple destinations

Using vehicle for evacuation from areas affected by natural disaster is an important part of a rescue plan. While fleeing to safety place or evacuation center during disaster, there is a high probability to get trapped in traffic congestion. This is because people will access shortest route to safety place and road from high-populated affected area to the nearest evacuation center will be quickly clogged with cars. We proposed a system, which will recommend routes to vehicles using current traffic state. The recommendation will be extended to every individual vehicle for smooth transportation to evacuation shelter, especially when more than one shelter is available. In case of disaster, access to evacuation center will be difficult due to heavy traffic or damage to part of the road network by disaster. For reliable navigation, we need to evaluate routes to support multiple destinations and re-route in real-time, by evaluating routes with updated congestion status at regular intervals, as situation changes. We proposed a routing algorithm for multiple destination problem by introducing a virtual destination connecting real ones. We also proposed proper distribution of traffic to prevent and postpone traffic congestion to decrease delay to reach safety places.
Apollos Fluch und Segen: Musizieren als Neuroplastizitätsmotor

Zusammenfassung Musiker sind ein hervorragendes Modell, um die Plastizität des menschlichen Gehirns zu ergründen. Die Anforderungen an das Nervensystem sind beim Musizieren außerordentlich hoch und bieten ein einzigartig reiches multisensorisches und motorisches Erlebnis. Dieser Artikel resümiert den aktuellen Forschungsstand zu den Auswirkungen musikalischer Ausbildung auf Hirnfunktionen, neuronale Konnektivität und Gehirnstruktur. Als Erstes wird diskutiert, welche Faktoren die Plastizität im Gehirn von Musikern auslösen und fortwährend anregen. Dabei stellen wir die Hypothese auf, dass kontinuierliches zielorientiertes Üben, multisensorische motorische Integration und emotionale und soziale Belohnungen an diesen plastizitätsinduzierten Veränderungen des Gehirns beteiligt sind. Im Anschluss daran fassen wir kurz die Neuroanatomie und Neurophysiologie des Musizierens zusammen. Der folgende Abschnitt beschäftigt sich mit dem Zusammenhang von musikalischer Ausbildung und strukturellen Anpassungen der grauen und weißen Substanz im Gehirn. Wir diskutieren kritisch den Befund, dass strukturelle Veränderungen am häufigsten beobachtet wurden, wenn die musikalische Ausbildung nach dem siebten Lebensjahr begonnen wurde, wohingegen die funktionelle Optimierung effektiver vor diesem Zeitraum stattfindet. Danach widmen wir uns dem Verlust der feinmotorischen Kontrolle, der „Musikerdystonie“. Dieser Zustand ist durch maladaptive Plastizität des Gehirns bedingt. Wir schließen mit einer kurzen Zusammenfassung über die Rolle von Hirnplastizität, Metaplastizität und maladaptiver Plastizität mit dem Erwerb und Verlust von musikalischer Expertise ab.
Memory functioning in children exposed to domestic violence trauma

Deanna M. Cosgrove MEMORY FUNCTIONING IN CHILDREN EXPOSED TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE TRAUMA 2001/02 Dr. John Frisone Master of Arts Degree in Applied Psychology This thesis describes the memory functioning in children exposed to domestic violence trauma. Research findings suggest that adult participants with a clinical diagnosis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) as defined by the Diagnostic Statistical Manual-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) suffer from impairments in memory associated with reductions in hippocampal volume. However, a question arises as to whether children who have been exposed to domestic violence trauma will differ from controls in their memory functioning. A question also arises as to the relationship between the children's parent-reported behaviors and their memory functioning. The Children's Memory Scale (CMS) (Cohen, 1997) was administered to 22 children residing at a shelter for battered women in Delran, New Jersey. The children's mothers completed the Child Behavioral Checklist (CBC) (Achenbach, 1991). The data were analyzed comparing the children's CMS (Cohen, 1997) scores to those of the CMS standardization sample, and comparing the children's CMS (Cohen) results to their CBC (Achenbach, 1991) results. Findings indicate that the children differed significantly from controls only in their CMS (Cohen) delayed verbal recall scores. No significant correlations were revealed for the CMS (Cohen) and CBC (Achenbach) indices. Implications for future research are discussed.
Architectural support for data-intensive applications

The gap between the speed of logic and the DRAM memory access is widening. Traditional processors hide some of the mismatch in memory latency using techniques such as multi-level caches, instruction prefetching and memory interleaving. The bandwidth available at the system bus also forms a bottleneck; even an elaborate memory hierarchy with a perfect prefetching predictor generate memory traffic that overwhelms the capabilities of modern memory subsystems. A potential solution is the integration of DRAM and logic on the same die. Such solutions are motivated by the following: (i) the bandwidth available within the chip is many orders of magnitude higher than that at the memory bus at a significantly lower access time and with lower power dissipation; and (ii) as typical workloads shift towards data-intensive/multimedia applications, the wide bandwidth can be effectively utilized. However, there are significant challenges in developing architectures and programming models that expose the available bandwidth to end users. This paper presents the design of an intelligent memory based on a distributed data-parallel architecture with limited support for control parallelism (called PPIM). We investigate some of the relevant design issues and the success of such an architecture in supporting dataintensive applications. A cycle-accurate simulator is developed to study the architecture and performance for some data-intensive applications is compared against that of a modern superscalar processor (simulated using the simplescalar tool-set).
Contractures in Burn Injury: Defining the Problem

This study prospectively examined the incidence and severity of large joint contractures after burn injury and determined predictors of contracture development. Data were collected prospectively from 1993 to 2002 for consecutive adult burn survivors admitted to a regional burn center. Demographic and medical data were collected on each subject. The primary outcome measures included the presence of contractures, number of contractures per patient, and severity of contractures at each of four joints (shoulder, elbow, hip, knee) at time of hospital discharge. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of the presence and severity of contractures and a negative binomial regression was performed to determine predictors of the number of contractures. Of the 985 study patients, 381 (38.7%) developed at least one contracture at hospital discharge. Among those with at least one contracture, the mean is three contractures per person. The shoulder was the most frequently contracted joint (38%), followed by the elbow (34%) and knee (22%). Most contractures were mild (60%) or moderate (32%) in severity. Statistically significant predictors of contracture development were length of stay (P < .005) and extent of burn (P = .033) and graft (P < .005). Predictors of the severity of contracture include graft size (P < .005), amputation (P = .034), and inhalation injury (P = .036). More than one third of the patients with a major burn injury developed a contracture at hospital discharge, which highlights the importance of therapeutic positioning and intensive therapy intervention during acute hospitalization. Furthermore, this challenges the burn care community to find new and better ways of preventing contractures after burn injury.
Metabolic and performance responses during endurance exercise after high-fat and high-carbohydrate meals.

We studied the effects of preexercise meal composition on metabolic and performance-related variables during endurance exercise. Eight well-trained cyclists (maximal oxygen uptake 65.0 to 83.5 ml . kg-1 . min-1) were studied on three occasions after an overnight fast. They were given isoenergetic meals containing carbohydrate (CHO), protein (P), and fat (F) in the following amounts (g/70 kg body wt): high-carbohydrate meal, 215 CHO, 26 P, 3 F; high-fat meal, 50 CHO, 14 P, 80 F. On the third occasion subjects were studied after an overnight fast. Four hours after consumption of the meal, subjects started exercise for 90 min at 70% of their maximal oxygen uptake, followed by a 10-km time trial. The high-carbohydrate meal compared with the high-fat meal resulted in significant decreases (P < 0.05) in blood glucose, plasma nonesterified fatty acids, plasma glycerol, plasma chylomicron-triacylglycerol, and plasma 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations during exercise. This was accompanied by an increase in plasma insulin (P < 0.01 vs. no meal), plasma epinephrine, and plasma growth hormone concentrations (each P < 0.05 vs. either of the other conditions) during exercise. Despite these large differences in substrate and hormone concentrations in plasma, substrate oxidation during the 90-min exercise period was similar in the three trials, and there were no differences in performance on the time trial. These results suggest that, although the availability of fatty acids and other substrates in plasma can be markedly altered by dietary means, the pattern of substrate oxidation during endurance exercise is remarkably resistant to alteration.
Effect of Different Management System on Haemato-biochemical profile in Quail

A very little information is available in literature on management of Japanese quail (Couturnix Couturnix Japonica) in different housing system (cage system and deep litter system) of management. The average weekly body weight gain was significantly higher in deep litter system rd (34±0.43gm) than cage (12.71±0.41gm) system at the 3 week of age. The average daily feed consumption by individual quails was higher in cage (12.71±2.10) than deep litter system 6 (11.84±1.47) during 0-6 weeks of age. The haematobiochemical profile viz Hb (gm%),TEC (10 /µl 3 ),PCV(%),TLC(10 / µl)along with biochemical studies as blood sugar (mg/dl), total serum protein (gm/dl),serum calcium (mg/100ml) and serum phosphorus (mg/dl) were well within the normal health of quail under both cage and deep litter system of management.