Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure of the Lipid Nanodisc-reconstituted Vacuolar ATPase Proton Channel

Eukaryotic vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) is a multisubunit enzyme complex that acidifies subcellular organelles and the extracellular space. V-ATPase consists of soluble V1-ATPase and membrane-integral Vo proton channel sectors. To investigate the mechanism of V-ATPase regulation by reversible disassembly, we recently determined a cryo-EM reconstruction of yeast Vo. The structure indicated that, when V1 is released from Vo, the N-terminal cytoplasmic domain of subunit a (aNT) changes conformation to bind rotor subunit d. However, insufficient resolution precluded a precise definition of the aNT-d interface. Here we reconstituted Vo into lipid nanodiscs for single-particle EM. 3D reconstructions calculated at ∼15-Å resolution revealed two sites of contact between aNT and d that are mediated by highly conserved charged residues. Alanine mutagenesis of some of these residues disrupted the aNT-d interaction, as shown by isothermal titration calorimetry and gel filtration of recombinant subunits. A recent cryo-EM study of holo V-ATPase revealed three major conformations corresponding to three rotational states of the central rotor of the enzyme. Comparison of the three V-ATPase conformations with the structure of nanodisc-bound Vo revealed that Vo is halted in rotational state 3. Combined with our prior work that showed autoinhibited V1-ATPase to be arrested in state 2, we propose a model in which the conformational mismatch between free V1 and Vo functions to prevent unintended reassembly of holo V-ATPase when activity is not needed.
Women’s behaviour in public spaces and the influence of privacy as a cultural value: The case of Nablus, Palestine

The aim of this paper is to study how women’s privacy needs are met through the physical form of public spaces in both old and new urban designs, using as a case study the city of Nablus, Palestine, which has been significantly influenced by the culture of gender separation. The findings will help develop a better understanding of the relationship between women’s privacy and the physical form of public spaces and will enhance the development of public spaces that women can use comfortably and actively to participate in the urban life. An environmental approach based on the concept of behavioural setting was used to examine women’s privacy issues in the chosen public spaces. Direct observations and questionnaires were used in the fieldwork, in addition to interviews with women and relevant people who influence the women’s privacy. Maps (GIS), sketches and SPSS techniques were used to interpret the data.
Full elastic strain and stress tensor measurements from individual dislocation cells in copper through-Si vias

A ground breaking new capability for measuring complete strain and stress tensors nondestructively from deeply buried, sub-micrometre sample volumes within microstructurally complex and multicomponent specimens is presented. The method is demonstrated on technologically important copper through-Si vias that are used in advanced three-dimensional microelectronics.
Education for everyone: secondary education and social inclusion in Denmark

This article presents an analysis of the recent development of secondary education in Denmark. The author relates this topic to educational policy on the one hand and to processes and problems of social inclusion on the other. It is argued that different types of upper secondary education play important roles in the social inclusion of young people in society. Three main sectors in Danish secondary education are identified, and for each sector the author discusses the forms of inclusion, the problems encountered and the policies pursued. In this discussion, the author draws on the theories of Habermas and his distinction between communicative and strategic rationality. In Danish education, the problem of social inclusion has been most often discussed as a question of ‘social inheritance’. The author traces the development of this discourse through changing socio-political contexts during the last three decades, and discusses its impact on educational policy.
Product Design and Process Planning in Using the Process Capability Index

In the past, the process capability index (PCI) was the only one used in on-line quality management; there were no researches on off-line applications, such as product design or process planning. In using conventional PCI for off-line application, designers normally established the process mean close to the design target, and minimized the process variance so that the PCI value would be maximized. The process variance is determined by the process tolerance, which affects the production cost. This factor must be considered because cost will increase as process tolerance is minimized. Simply averting small tolerance for the sake of cost reduction is not always a rational choice, because a great tolerance value generally results in poor quality. Hence, the conventional PCI value does not truly represent the measurement score for off-line applications during product design or process planning. In this regard, the off-line PCI expression is developed with consideration of the balance between product quality and production cost. The product quality is represented by quality loss function, and production cost is expressed by tolerance cost function. These two functions are simultaneously related to process mean and process tolerance. Thus, the new PCI expression can be used to determine appropriate process mean and process tolerance, as well as a measurement score for comparison and selection among candidates. Consequently, an economical and quality of product design and process planning can be achieved during off-line applications.
Relations between Belini-Tartara, Chazan-Zakai-Ziv, and Wax-Ziv lower bounds

A class of lower bounds on the mean-square error in parameter estimation is presented that are based on the Belini-Tartara lower bound (1974). The Wax-Ziv lower bound (1977) is shown to be a special case in the class. These bounds often are significantly tighter than the Chazan-Zakai-Ziv lower bound (1975) when the parameter to be estimated is subject to ambiguity and threshold effects. >
Statistical characterization of the 2.4 GHz radio channel for WSN in indoor office environments

In this paper we present the results and the assessment of a statistical analysis of the wireless sensor networks (WSN) radio channel in indoor office scenarios. The work is based on an extensive set of received signal strength (RSS) measurements collected within different typical indoor spaces and node placement scenarios. Results are compared with corresponding values from the log-distance model, which is the most widely used in WSN simulators. Channel temporal stability is also analyzed. The analysis reveals interesting regularities within the measured data and as expected we observe a highly non-stationary behavior of the RSS. We also propose several improvements for the channel model of WSN simulators based on our observations. They can be beneficial for running more accurate network simulations for such applications as localization.
Underground cave sequence for Land of the Lost

For the Land of the Lost movie production, Rhythm & Hues was tasked to create the underwater Mystery Cave sequence. CG water was created to match water shots on stage. Then, the cave and the underwater river was extended, the cave broke apart and collapsed into the water, the river pours out into a waterfall, and falls into an underground vortex. The sequence had about 20 shots, 10 of them requiring FX work.
The effectiveness of socio-demographical effects on least subsistence and estimating poverty line of Iran urban areas by using panel ELES

In this Paper, the poverty line has been determined through the extended linear expenditure system using the 2S-GMM during 1982-2007 panel data in Iran urban areas. In this way, four factors of employed members of a family, kind of family possession, the literacy level of family head, and the family size on the least subsistence were examined. The results show that family size has a positive relationship with all of the commodity groups? least subsistence while the rate of family employees has a positive relationship with commodity groups this relationship is negative only for the food group. The most important feature about the estimation results is the increasing trend of poverty line and changes in least subsistence. According to these results, the monthly poverty line for Iran urban areas has increased from 171$ in 1982 to 477$ in 2007. That is, the poverty line has increased 2.8 times during the study period. The result of this study shows that during this study the food and dwelling share have given their place to the transportation and other services share, i.e. the priority of meeting basic needs, food and dwelling, is given to other needs, while the social affairs? share has been remained fixed.
Feasibility Assessment of Repeater Jamming Technique for DSSS

Direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) systems spread the baseband data signal over a broad bandwidth to achieve anti-jamming protection, which increase the difficulty of spectrum surveillance. The current jamming types, including broadband noise, partial-band noise and so on, are ineffective at the current jamming power level when the processing gain is large enough. This paper proposes a new jamming scheme named repeater jamming, which is based upon radio frequency memory (RFM). The jamming effect of repeater jamming on victim receiver's code acquisition and the bit error probabilities are obtained. Moreover, the feasibility of the repeater jamming in practical communications is discussed. The results of simulation show the deduction is right. The repeater jamming proposed in this paper is a kind of correlative jamming types which are more effective than current jamming types, and it can be used to enhance distributed networked jamming systems in the field of DSSS communication countermeasures besides the commercial frequency surveillance.
Graphic Organizers for Secondary Students With Learning Disabilities

T EA C H IN G E xc ep ti on al C hi ld re n , V ol . 48 , N o. 2 , pp . 11 0 – 11 7. C op yr ig ht 2 01 5 T he A ut ho r( s) . D O I: 1 0. 11 77 /0 04 00 59 91 56 05 79 9 Research suggests students with learning disabilities often have trouble connecting new and prior knowledge, distinguishing essential and nonessential information, and applying comprehension strategies (DiCecco & Gleason, 2002; Vaughn & Edmonds, 2006). Graphic organizers have been suggested as tools educators can use to facilitate critical thinking and prepare students for independent learning. Graphic organizers that are based on the task to be completed, as well as the thinking and learning needs of the student using the organizer, help foster critical thinking. This article recommends specific graphic organizers based on characteristics of students with learning disabilities in relation to reading comprehension at the secondary level.
Extended alias type system using separating implication

Although explicit memory management is necessary to implement low-level software such as operating systems and language runtime systems, it is prohibited by conventional strictly typed programming languages because it violates the type preservation of memory regions, a property that ensures the type safety of programs. The alias type system allows explicit memory management without the loss of type safety by statically tracking pointers and their aliases. However, it suffers from limitations in handling recursive data structures because it requires complete information about the pointer aliases. In this paper, we propose an extension of the alias type system using separating implications, which are derived from separation logic. Separating implications enable us to handle recursive data structures with incomplete aliasing information by assuming aliasing relations in a part of memory. The proposed type system is capable of expressing tail-recursive operations on recursive data structures. For example, we can implement a FIFO queue with constant-time operations; this cannot be achieved using the original alias type system.
Posttraumatic stress disorder among female juvenile offenders.

OBJECTIVE While there is a growing body of evidence that psychopathology is common among incarcerated boys, relatively little is known about the prevalence and manifestations of mental health problems among incarcerated girls. This study examines the incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a sample of 96 adolescent female offenders and its relation to socioemotional adjustment. METHOD Self-report questionnaires were used to tap socioemotional adjustment, and a semistructured interview was conducted to determine PTSD symptomatology. RESULTS The results indicate that the rate of PTSD among incarcerated female delinquents not only is higher than that in the general population but surpasses the incidence of PTSD among incarcerated male delinquents. In addition, those who suffer from PTSD also tend to exhibit higher levels of distress and lower levels of self-restraint. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a starting point for more detailed investigations of the relations between trauma, psychopathology, and violence and suggest that the study of trauma may offer a new way of looking at links between victim and perpetrator.
Oct2 enhances antibody-secreting cell differentiation through regulation of IL-5 receptor α chain expression on activated B cells

Mice lacking a functional gene for the Oct2 transcriptional activator display several developmental and functional deficiencies in the B lymphocyte lineage. These include defective B cell receptor (BCR) and Toll-like receptor 4 signaling, an absence of B-1 and marginal zone populations, and globally reduced levels of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) in naive and immunized animals. Oct2 was originally identified through its ability to bind to regulatory regions in the Ig loci, but genetic evidence has not supported an essential role for Oct2 in the expression of Ig genes. We describe a new Oct2-mediated role in B cells. Oct2 augments the ability of activated B cells to differentiate to antibody-secreting plasma cells (ASCs) under T cell–dependent conditions through direct regulation of the gene encoding the α chain of the interleukin (IL) 5 receptor. Ectopic expression of IL-5Rα in oct2-deficient B cells largely restores their ability to differentiate to functional ASCs in vitro but does not correct other phenotypic defects in the mutants, such as the maturation and specialization of peripheral B cells, which must therefore rely on distinct Oct2 target genes. IL-5 augments ASC differentiation in vitro, and we show that IL-5 directly activates the plasma cell differentiation program by enhancing blimp1 expression.
Polyamorous Women, Sexual Subjectivity and Power

This article explores polyamorous women’s potential to enlarge the concept of sexual subjectivity through their engagement in nontraditional relationships and their attempts to reject sexual objectification. Polyamorous people openly engage in romantic, sexual, and/or affective relationships with multiple people simultaneously. Polyamory differs from swinging with its emphasis on long-term, emotionally intimate relationships and from adultery with its focus on honesty and (ideally) full disclosure of the network of sexual relationships to all who participate in or are affected by them. Both men and women have access to additional partners in polyamorous relationships, distinguishing them from polygamy. This ethnographic analysis expands sociological understanding of women’s sexuality by investigating this previously unexamined area of sexual subjectivity. Specifically, the author analyzes some of the ways that polyamorous women expand so-called normal social roles, discusses their sexual lives and identities, and explores novel and traditional forms of power polyamorous practice engenders for these women’s relationships.
Short-Term Traffic Forecasting in a Campus-Wide Wireless Network

Our goal is to characterize the traffic load in an IEEE802.11 infrastructure. This can be beneficial in many domains, including coverage planning, resource reservation, network monitoring for anomaly detection, and producing more accurate simulation models. The key issue that drives this study is traffic forecasting at each wireless access point (AP) in an hourly timescale. We conducted an extensive measurement study of wireless users on a major university campus using the IEEE802.11 wireless infrastructure. We propose several traffic models that take into account the periodicity and recent traffic history for each AP and present a time-series forecasting methodology. Finally, we build and evaluate these forecasting algorithms and discuss our findings
The V‐ATPase is expressed in the choroid plexus and mediates cAMP‐induced intracellular pH alterations

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pH influences brain interstitial pH and, therefore, brain function. We hypothesized that the choroid plexus epithelium (CPE) expresses the vacuolar H+‐ATPase (V‐ATPase) as an acid extrusion mechanism in the luminal membrane to counteract detrimental elevations in CSF pH. The expression of mRNA corresponding to several V‐ATPase subunits was demonstrated by RT‐PCR analysis of CPE cells (CPECs) isolated by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy localized the V‐ATPase primarily in intracellular vesicles with only a minor fraction in the luminal microvillus area. The vesicles did not translocate to the luminal membrane in two in vivo models of hypocapnia‐induced alkalosis. The Na+‐independent intracellular pH (pHi) recovery from acidification was studied in freshly isolated clusters of CPECs. At extracellular pH (pHo) 7.4, the cells failed to display significant concanamycin A‐sensitive pHi recovery (i.e., V‐ATPase activity). The recovery rate in the absence of Na+ amounted to <10% of the pHi recovery rate observed in the presence of Na+. Recovery of pHi was faster at pHo 7.8 and was abolished at pHo 7.0. The concanamycin A‐sensitive pHi recovery was stimulated by cAMP at pH 7.4 in vitro, but intraventricular infusion of the membrane‐permeant cAMP analog 8‐CPT‐cAMP did not result in trafficking of the V‐ATPase. In conclusion, we find evidence for the expression of a minor fraction of V‐ATPase in the luminal membrane of CPECs. This fraction does not contribute to enhanced acid extrusion at high extracellular pH, but seems to be activated by cAMP in a trafficking‐independent manner.
Within-Season Synchrony of a Masting Conifer Enhances Seed Escape

Predator satiation resulting from interannual reproductive synchrony has been widely documented in masting plants, but how reproductive synchrony within a year influences seed escape is poorly understood. We evaluated whether the intra-annual reproductive synchrony of individual white spruce trees (Picea glauca) increased seed escape from their primary predispersal seed predator, North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). Trees with cones that matured synchronously relative to those of other trees within red squirrel territories were significantly more likely to escape squirrel predation in years with both low and superabundant levels of cone production, generating a significantly positive linear selection differential for increasing intra-annual reproductive synchrony. Thus, this masting plant escapes seed predation in numbers through interannual synchrony in seed production and in time through intra-annual synchrony of seed availability.
PLEIOTROPIC EFFECTS OF CRYPTOCHROMES 1 AND 2 ON FREE-RUNNING AND LIGHT-ENTRAINED MURINE CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS

Cryptochromes function in both light entrainment of circadian rhythms and in a peripheral circadian clock mechanism in Drosophila . Mice have two closely related cryptochrome genes ( mCry1 and mCry2 ). To further understand the roles of mammalian cryptochromes, we bred mice to carry all possible combinations of wild-type and cryptochrome knockout alleles, and tested these mice for free-running and entrained circadian rhythmicity. We find that a single wild-type copy of mCry1 , but not mCry2 , is sufficient for free running circadian rhythmicity; however, these mice show markedly variable free-running periods. Two wild-type copies of either mCry1 or mCry2 are sufficient to establish a stable free-running clock. A subset of mCry1 − / mCry − ; mCry2 − / mCry2 − mice have a diurnal activity preference, suggesting that cryptochromes function in light-dependent behavioral masking. We also analyzed mice lacking both cryptochromes and carrying the homozygous rd retinal degeneration mutation. These mice have markedly depressed behavioral photoresponses in light-dark conditions, despite having an anatomically intact retinohypothalamic tract and normal expression of melanopsin. These results suggest that, similar to insect cryptochromes, mammalian cryptochromes function pleiotropically in both circadian rhythm generation and in photic entrainment and behavioral responses.
[Nutritional status in hospitalized patients in a public hospital in Mexico City].

OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of malnutrition among hospitalized patients and to relate nutrition status with body mass index, fasting time, adequacy intake of protein and energy during hospitalization and length of stay. METHODS (STUDY POPULATION, SUBJECTS, INTERVENTION): We evaluated weight loss in the last 6 months prior to admission, body mass index (BMI), ideal and usual body weight percentages, days of hospitalization, energy and protein intake adequacy, fasting days and cause in hospitalized patients at different wards at Hospital General de Mexico. Patients were divided into groups according to their nutritional status (at risk/with malnutrition or normal) and data was assessed descriptively and comparatively by t-tests to determine mean differences. RESULTS We assessed 561 hospitalized patients. We found different frequencies of malnutrition according to various indicators: 21.17% according to BMI, 38.07% and 19.57% by percentages of habitual and ideal weights--respectively-- and a weight loss in 69.57% of the patients. Mean daily energy intake was found to be of 1,061+/-432.7 kcal, while mean protein intake was 42.1 + 22.7 g, representing only the 69.4% and 54.9% of the energy and protein requirements. We found statically significant differences among malnourished and normal patients in relation to BMI (p < 0.001), length of stay (p < 0.05), energy adequacy (p < 0.001) and protein intake (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Malnutrition is common in hospitalized patients. An important factor in hospital malnutrition is the lack of compliance in the patient's requirements, preventing a fast recovery and increasing their length of stay. Thus, it is important to make changes and improvements in the institutional health system so that there is trained personnel in order to provide and adequate nutrition care attention to the critically ill patient, improving their condition and general prognosis.