Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Addressable current reference array with 170dB dynamic range

Configurable high-performance bias current reference circuits are useful in complex mixed-signal chips. This paper presents the design of a configurable current reference array with ultra wide dynamic range (DR). A coarse-fine architecture using octal coarse current spacing and 8 bits of fine resolution increases the overall current DR with less area compared with the prior work. Compact current multipliers and dividers also save chip areas. Shifted-source current mirrors and an off-current suppression technique improve the accuracy of generated low currents. A buffer with dual-threshold source followers is used to generate the output biasing voltage with a wide DR input current. Biases are individually addressable and configurable. Measurement results of this design in UMC 0. 18μm 1P6M CMOS process suggest that over 170dB DR is achieved at room temperature. Each additional bias occupies an incremental area of 360×22μm2, which is smaller by a factor of 4 compared to the previous design.
The attitudes of students in the Northwest of England towards Mandarin Chinese and their intercultural sensitivity

This paper reports on a study of the attitudes of a group of university students towards Mandarin Chinese and on the development of their intercultural sensitivity through the learning of the language. Of the 56 students who were attending a university in the Northwest of England, 22 were British-born Chinese studying Chinese as a heritage language (CHL), while the others were learners of Chinese as a foreign language (CFL). They were asked to complete a questionnaire, which consisted of three sets of questions. The results indicate that the majority of informants were instrumentally motivated to learn Chinese. Interestingly, both CHL and CFL learners agreed that learning Chinese provides a way to interact and identify with Chinese people. Although CFL learners tended to perceive Chinese both as more aesthetic and more difficult than CHL learners, all informants considered it an aesthetic yet difficult language according to the average ratings for each group. In terms of cultural sensitivity, the findings suggest that both CHL and CFL learners develop intercultural sensitivity by being made aware of appropriate behaviours in the collectivistic Chinese culture.
On Cusick-Cheon's Conjecture About Balanced Boolean Functions in the Cosets of the Binary Reed-Muller Code

It is proved an amplification of Cusick-Cheon's conjecture on balanced Boolean functions in the cosets of the binary Reed-Muller code RM(k,m) of order k and length 2^m, in the cases where k = 1 or k >= (m-1)/2.
Expression and Role of p 53 in the Retina

Since it was identified in 1979, p53 has been widely studied for its role in tumor suppression. It is mutated in approximately half of all human cancers, leading to aberrant cell growth. In addition to its role as a tumor suppressor, p53 is activated in response to various cell stress signals, including DNA damage and hypoxia. This activation leads to alterations in target gene expression, giving p53 a regulatory role in diverse cellular functions such as apoptosis, senescence, and cell cycle arrest. Throughout life, the eye is exposed to a multitude of stressors including disease, light-induced damage, and oxidative stress, all of which can lead to debilitating loss of vision. This article examines the role of p53 during ocular development. Finally, the role of p53 is examined in ocular response to intense light exposure, ionizing radiation, oxidative stress, degenerative disorders, and retinoblastoma. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012; 53:1362–1371) DOI:10.1167/iovs.11-8909
Is Your Inseam a Biometric? Evaluating the Understandability of Mobile Privacy Notice Categories

The National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) has proposed a set of categories and definitions to create a United States national standard for short-form privacy notices on mobile devices. These notices are intended to facilitate user decision-making by categorizing both smartphone data to be shared and the entities with which that data is shared. In order to deter- mine whether users consistently understand these proposed cate- gories and their definitions, we conducted an online study with 791 participants. We found that participants had low agreement on how different data and entities should be categorized. We also com- pared our online results with those provided by four anonymous NTIA stakeholders, finding that even the stakeholders did not con- sistently categorize data or entities. Our work highlights areas of confusion for both survey participants and experts in the proposed scheme, and we offer suggestions for addressing these issues. In an effort to improve transparency and usability, the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) has initiated a multi-stakeholder effort to develop a standardized short- form privacy disclosure on mobile devices. These standardized dis- closures will show the user both what data is being shared and with which entities it is being shared. The NTIA multi-stakeholder pro- cess (NTIA MSHP) has been underway since June 2012, and is now near completion. The NTIA stakeholders - representing app developers, consumer groups, and government - have developed a Code of Conduct for app developers for a short-form privacy no- tice. 1 This Code outlines seven categories of data and eight cate- gories of third-party entities that apps should include in short-form privacy notifications. While the Code and its categories of data and entities have been in development for over a year, this paper presents the first human- subjects testing of its usability. We present the results of a 791- participant online study in which we investigate whether partici- pants are able to categorize realistic data-sharing scenarios using the NTIA MSHP categories. We also present results from four ex- perts who participate in the NTIA MSHP process. Of the 52 ex- amples given in our scenarios, participants showed low common agreement for how to classify the data or entity in 23 cases. Over- all, we found that many of the proposed categories and definitions were not consistently understood by our participants, including our expert participants. We discuss categories that need clarification, and offer suggests for improving the Code based on our findings. We discuss background and related work in the Section 2. In Section 3, we describe our methodology. In Section 4, we present the results from our study. We explore the limitations of our study in 5. We discuss our findings and recommend steps for improve- ment in Section 6.
Renal tissue NO and intrarenal haemodynamics during experimental variations of NO content in anaesthetised rats.

Direct renal nitric oxide (NO) measurements were infrequent and no simultaneous measurements of renal cortical and medullary NO and local perfusion. Large-surface NO electrodes were placed in renal cortex and medulla of anaesthetised rats; simultaneously, renal blood flow (RBF, index of cortical perfusion) and medullary laser-Doppler flux (MBF) were determined. NO synthase inhibitors: nonselective (L-NAME) or selective for neuronal NOS (nNOS) (S-methyl-thiocitrulline, SMTC), and NO donor (SNAP), were used to manipulate tissue NO. Baseline tissue NO was significantly higher in medulla (703+/-49 NM) than in cortex (231+/-17 nM). Minimal cortical and medullary NO current measured after maximal L-NAME dose (2.4 mg kg(-1) i.v. ) was taken as tissue NO zero kevel. This dose decreased RBF and MBF significantly (-43%). SMTC, 1.2 mg kg(-1) h(-1) i.v. , significantly decreased tissue NO by 105+/-32 nM in cortex and 546+/-64 nM in medulla, RBF and MBF decreased 30% and 20%, respectively. Renal artery infusion of SNAP, 0.24 mg kg(-1) min(-1) significantly increased tissue NO by 139+/-18 nM in cortex and 948+/-110 nM in medulla. Since inhibition of nNOS decreased medullary NO by 80% and MBF by 20% only, this isoform has probably minor role in the maintenance of medullary perfusion.
Expression of cyclin D2 and D3 in lymphoid lesions

The D‐type cyclins, involved in the regulation of G1 progression of the cell cycle, are expressed in a lineage‐specific manner. Normal hematopoietic cells express cyclin D2 and/or D3. In order to determine whether their expression pattern changes in lymphoid tumors, we examined cyclin D2 and D3 expression in non‐neoplastic and neoplastic lymphoid lesions, using a sensitive immunohistochemical amplification method. Centroblasts in lymphoid follicles of reactive lymph nodes expressed exclusively cyclin D3 and no D2. Interfollicular areas contained scattered cyclin D3 and D2 positive cells. By double staining, cyclin D3 was detected in CD79a positive B cells, CD3 positive T cells and CD68 positive macrophages. Cyclin D2 was present only in CD3 positive T cells. Neoplastic lymphoid lesions included 33 B cell lymphomas, 9 T cell lymphomas and 12 Hodgkin's lymphomas. The B cell lymphomas comprised 9 follicular lymphomas (FL), 1 Burkitt lymphoma (BL), 22 diffuse large cell lymphomas (DL) and 1 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). All 9 FLs and the single BL expressed exclusively cyclin D3, similarly to germinal center B cells, that represent their cells of origin. Six DLs expressed both cyclin D2 and D3, while 6 expressed only D3. Among the 9 pleomorphic T cell lymphomas, medium and large cell type, 5 expressed cyclin D2. Cyclin D3 was also detected in scattered cells in 4 of 9 cases and was highly expressed in 2 of 9 T cell lymphomas. The majority of Hodgkin's lymphomas expressed both cyclin D2 and D3 in Hodgkin/Reed‐Sternberg (HRS) cells. The high frequency of positive cells indicates that both cyclins were expressed in the same cells. Int. J. Cancer 81:543–550, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Linear Bound towards the Traceability Conjecture

A digraph is k -traceable if its order is at least k and each of its subdigraphs of order k is traceable. An oriented graph is a digraph without 2-cycles. The 2-traceable oriented graphs are exactly the nontrivial tournaments, so k -traceable oriented graphs may be regarded as generalized tournaments. It is well-known that all tournaments are traceable. We denote by t ( k ) the smallest integer bigger than or equal to k such that every k -traceable oriented graph of order at least t ( k ) is traceable. The Traceability Conjecture states that t ( k ) ≤ 2k-1 for every k ≥ 2 [van Aardt, Dunbar, Frick, Nielsen and Oellermann, A traceability conjecture for oriented graphs, Electron. J. Combin. , 15(1):#R150, 2008]. We show that for k ≥ 2, every k -traceable oriented graph with independence number 2 and order at least 4 k- 12 is traceable. This is the last open case in giving an upper bound for t ( k ) that is linear in k .
Specific penetration and accumulation of a homing peptide within atherosclerotic plaques of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice

The ability to selectively deliver compounds into atherosclerotic plaques would greatly benefit the detection and treatment of atherosclerotic disease. We describe such a delivery system based on a 9-amino acid cyclic peptide, LyP-1. LyP-1 was originally identified as a tumor-homing peptide that specifically recognizes tumor cells, tumor lymphatics, and tumor-associated macrophages. As the receptor for LyP-1, p32, is expressed in atherosclerotic plaques, we tested the ability of LyP-1 to home to plaques. Fluorescein-labeled LyP-1 was intravenously injected into apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-null mice that had been maintained on a high-fat diet to induce atherosclerosis. LyP-1 accumulated in the plaque interior, predominantly in macrophages. More than 60% of cells released from plaques were positive for LyP-1 fluorescence. Another plaque-homing peptide, CREKA, which binds to fibrin-fibronectin clots and accumulates at the surface of plaques, yielded fewer positive cells. Tissues that did not contain plaque yielded only traces of LyP-1+ cells. LyP-1 was capable of delivering intravenously injected nanoparticles to plaques; we observed abundant accumulation of LyP-1–coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in the plaque interior, whereas CREKA-nanoworms remained at the surface of the plaques. Intravenous injection of 4-[18F]fluorobenzoic acid ([18F]FBA)-conjugated LyP-1 showed a four- to sixfold increase in peak PET activity in aortas containing plaques (0.31% ID/g) compared with aortas from normal mice injected with [18F]FBA-LyP-1(0.08% ID/g, P < 0.01) or aortas from atherosclerotic ApoE mice injected with [18F]FBA-labeled control peptide (0.05% ID/g, P < 0.001). These results indicate that LyP-1 is a promising agent for the targeting of atherosclerotic lesions.
Protein Structural Domain Assignment with a Delaunay Tessellation Derived Lattice

We describe a fully automated method of protein structural domain assignment using a Potts model which we call DePot (an abbreviation for Delaunay-Potts). It is a heavily modified version of a method described previously by WR Taylor. Each amino acid residue is represented as a site in an irregular lattice derived from the Delaunay tessellation of the protein structure. Domain membership is represented by a spin value and each site has a spin which can change under the influence of its neighbors. Spins are allowed to interact subject to an Ising ferromagnetic-like energy function until clusters of like spins emerge and these clusters define domains. DePot is simple and easy to implement and the assignments agree well with previously published methods.
Elicitation of Collective Intelligence by Fuzzy Relational Methodology

․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ ․ The collective intelligence is a common-based production by the collaboration and competition of many peer individuals. In other words, it is the aggregation of individual intelligence to lead the wisdom of crowd. Recently, the utilization of the collective intelligence has become one of the emerging research areas, since it has been adopted as an important principle of web 2.0 to aim openness, sharing and participation. This paper introduces an approach to seek the collective intelligence by cognition of the relation and interaction among individual participants. It describes a methodology well-suited to evaluate individual intelligence in information retrieval and classification as an application field. The research investigates how to derive and represent such cognitive intelligence from individuals through the application of fuzzy relational theory to personal construct theory and knowledge grid technique. Crucial to this research is to implement formally and process interpretatively the cognitive knowledge of participants who makes the mutual relation and social interaction. What is needed is a technique to analyze cognitive intelligence structure in the form of Hasse diagram, which is an instantiation of this perceptive intelligence of human beings. The search for the collective intelligence requires a theory of similarity to deal with underlying problems; clustering of social subgroups of individuals through identification of individual intelligence and commonality among intelligence and then elicitation of collective intelligence to aggregate the congruence or sharing of all the participants of the entire group. Unlike standard approaches to similarity based on statistical techniques, the method presented employs a theory of fuzzy relational products with the related computational procedures to cover issues of similarity and dissimilarity.
Understanding Resilience, Risk, and Protection in the Light of School Attendance and Dropout: a Comparative Cross-case Analysis of Qualitative Data in Vietnam

This paper asks the following question “Why do some children drop out halfway through school while others, with similar backgrounds and conditions, do not? ”. A comparative cross-case study based on qualitative data collected from 12 children aged 16-17, their caregivers, friends, teachers and community people in two villages in Vietnam is used to examine the factors influencing children’s different pathways through high school. Using the resilience framework, both the risk and protective factors at the individual, family, friendship, and school levels pertaining to these high school attendees and drop-outs will be explored. The study suggests that the presence of certain protective factors might have helped some children overcome the adversity of their situation and continue high school, while the presence of certain risk factors might have discouraged other children, having contributed to their inability to develop resilience. Differences among gender and ethnic groups will be discussed and implications for parents and educators will also be
Genusregim i förändring : Jämställdhet och makt i kommunal politik mellan åren 1970 och 2006

The aim of this dissertation is to examine women’s and men’s access to quantitative and qualitative political power in the municipality of Norrkoping between 1970 and 2006. The method chosen is to analyze the substructure underlying political leaders’ ability to govern. The premise of this inquiry is that an unequal distribution of genuine power between women and men in politics depends on gender-based power structures as well as the relationship between politicians in leadership positions and male employees in leading positions in the municipal administration. There are three main questions of interest in this dissertation. Firstly, in what respects does the formal representation of women and man elected as representatives in the municipal council, the municipal executive board, and other boards change in the period 1970―2006? Secondly, how do politicians and employed municipal administrators describe the structures of power that grant genuine power, and how do informal power relations relate to the gender-based power structure? Thirdly, focusing on women’s increasing participation in governing processes I ask in what respects the male dominance in the administration circumscribes the possibilities of female politicians in leadership positions to exercise genuine power. With these questions as the starting point, I have studied political power structures in relation to women and men as well as in relation to actors in political and administrative leadership positions in the municipality of Norrkoping. Relaying on the concept of gender regime I have developed an analytical framework to analyze the informal power structures. The concept of gender regime can be understood as the patterning of gender processes in particular social units at a particular historical time. In the theoretical approach of the dissertation, the concept of gender regime in combination with the concepts of manliness, male homosociality and the hegemony of men, offer a complex way of analyzing gender and power relations at a local level. One of the main conclusions is that despite a changing political gender regime in the 21st century, the power was still based on a patriarchal model.
Decoherence of two maximally entangled qubits in a lossy nonlinear cavity

Decoherence effect on quantum entanglement of two optical qubits in a lossy cavity interacting with a nonlinear medium (Kerr nonlinearity) is analysed. The qubits are assumed to be initially in the maximally entangled states (Bell or Bell-like states) or the maximally entangled mixed states, on the example of Werner and Werner-like states. Two kinds of measures of the entanglement are considered: the concurrence to describe a decay of the entanglement of formation of the qubits, and the negativity to determine a decay of the entanglement cost under positive-partial-transpose-preserving operations. It is observed that the Kerr nonlinearity, in the discussed decoherence model, does not affect the entanglement of the qubits initially in the Bell or Werner states, although the evolution of the qubits can depend on this nonlinearity explicitly. However, it is shown that for the initial Bell-like state and the corresponding Werner-like state, the loss of the entanglement can be periodically reduced by inserting the Kerr nonlinearity in the lossy cavity. Moreover, the relativity of the entanglement measures is demonstrated, to our knowledge for the first time, as a result of a physical process.
Static pose reconstruction with an instrumented bouldering wall

This paper describes the design and construction of an instrumented bouldering wall, and a technique for estimating poses by optimizing an objective function involving contact forces. We describe the design and calibration of the wall, which can capture the contact forces and torques during climbing while motion capture (MoCap) records the climber pose, and present a solution for identifying static poses for a given set of holds and forces. We show results of our calibration process and static poses estimated for different measured forces. To estimate poses from forces, we use optimization and start with an inexpensive objective to guide the solver toward the optimal solution. When good candidates are encountered, the full objective function is evaluated with a physics-based simulation to determine physical plausibility while meeting additional constraints. Comparison between our reconstructed poses and MoCap show that our objective function is a good model for human posture.
Effects of Kinesthesia and Balance Exercises in Knee Osteoarthritis

Background:In patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), there is a prominent loss in proprioception and kinesthesia sensation compared with control subjects of the same age and gender. Objectives:The aim of this study is the investigation of short-term clinical effects of kinesthesia and balance exercises in patients with knee OA. Methods:This 8-week study was conducted on 66 female patients with knee OA who were randomized into 2 groups. The first group received kinesthesia and balance exercises (such as retrowalking, walking on their toes, leaning to the sides, balance board exercises, minitrampoline exercises, plyometric exercises, and so on) in addition to strengthening exercises. The second group received only strengthening exercises. Results:Statistically significant improvements were observed postexercise for both groups with respect to baseline for WOMAC, SF-36 Form, times for performing activities of daily living, isokinetic quadriceps muscle strength, and proprioceptive sensation levels. In the first group with kinesthesia training, compared with the second group, significantly greater improvements were obtained in all the subparameters that measure functional status (WOMAC–physical function value, SF-36 Form [physical function, role limitations–physical and vitality–energy or fatigue variables], 10 stairs climbing, and 10-m walking times) and in isokinetic muscle strength at high angular velocities (P < 0.05). The absolute angular error percentage (to assess proprioceptive accuracy) was significantly improved postexercise in both groups. There were no differences between the groups. Conclusions:Additive positive effects of kinesthesia and balance exercises in knee OA have been demonstrated. Used in clinical applications, they should be able to increase the functional capacities of patients. Long-term studies about efficacy and cost-effectivity of these exercises are needed.
Interaction of DNA polymerase alpha‐primase with cellular replication protein A and SV40 T antigen.

The purified human single‐stranded DNA binding protein, replication protein A (RP‐A), forms specific complexes with purified SV40 large T antigen and with purified DNA polymerase alpha‐primase, as shown by ELISA and a modified immunoblotting technique. RP‐A associated efficiently with the isolated primase, as well as with intact polymerase alpha‐primase. The 70 kDa subunit of RP‐A was sufficient for association with polymerase alpha‐primase. Purified SV40 large T antigen bound to intact RP‐A and to polymerase‐primase, but not to any of the separated subunits of RP‐A or to the isolated primase. These results suggest that the specific protein‐protein interactions between RP‐A, polymerase‐primase and T antigen may play a role in the initiating of SV40 DNA replication.