Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Specified Instructional Teacher Behaviors to Student Gain on Tennis

This study focused on teacher behaviors in tennis classes to determine which ones seemed most effective. The study was conducted during a sports camp at the university level. Subjects were 8 tennis instructors who each taught 5 tennis lessons of 3 hours to a class of 6 university students with no experience in any kind of tennis as defined for our purpose. The students were pretested on the defined tasks before the instruction and posttested during the last tennis lesson. Pretest and posttest performances and instructional sessions were videotaped. The behavioral data were collected by coding the videotape recordings. Classes were then grouped in three more effective and three less effective ones, based first on students’ measures of technique learning and second on their evaluation of the teacher. Using the Mann-Whitney U test, it became apparent that the two groups differed significantly on useful time, receiving information, and the time devoted to specific feedback. Thus, it might be concluded that te.
Energy efficient opportunistic edge computing for the Internet of Things

Edge computing in Internet of Things enhances application execution by retrieving cloud resources to the close proximity of resource-constrained end devices at the edge and by enabling task ofﬂoading from end devices to the edge. In this paper, edge computing platforms are extended into the data producing end devices, including wireless sensor network nodes and smart-phones, with mobile agents. Mobile agents operate as a multi-agent system on the opportunistic network of heterogeneous end devices, where the beneﬁts include autonomous, asynchronous and the adaptive execution and relocation of application-speciﬁc tasks, while taking into account local resource availability. In addition to the vertical edge connectivity, mobile agents enable horizontal sharing of the information between end devices. Use cases are presented, where mobile agents address challenges in current edge computing platforms. An edge application is evaluated, where mobile agents as a multi-agent system process sensor data in a heterogeneous set of end devices, control the operation of the devices and share their results with system components. Mobile agents operate atop a REST-based mobile agent software framework that relies on embedded Web services for interoperability. A real-world evaluation and large-scale simulations show that energy consumption is reduced signiﬁcantly in the edge application execution.
Flowering time and seed dormancy control use external coincidence to generate life history strategy

Climate change is accelerating plant developmental transitions coordinated with the seasons in temperate environments. To understand the importance of these timing advances for a stable life history strategy, we constructed a full life cycle model of Arabidopsis thaliana. Modelling and field data reveal that a cryptic function of flowering time control is to limit seed set of winter annuals to an ambient temperature window which coincides with a temperature-sensitive switch in seed dormancy state. This coincidence is predicted to be conserved independent of climate at the expense of flowering date, suggesting that temperature control of flowering time has evolved to constrain seed set environment and therefore frequency of dormant and non-dormant seed states. We show that late flowering can disrupt this bet-hedging germination strategy. Our analysis shows that life history modelling can reveal hidden fitness constraints and identify non-obvious selection pressures as emergent features. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.05557. 001
Role of breast density measurement in screening for breast cancer

Abstract Mammographic breast density is an established risk factor for breast cancer and significantly reduces the sensitivity of mammography, yet its use within breast cancer screening programs in Australia is limited. We provide a contemporary snapshot of the role of breast density measurement in screening for breast cancer and review the recent evidence for an increasing role of breast density measurement as: a predictor of breast cancer risk, a predictor of ‘masking’, and a biomarker to monitor effectiveness of intervention strategies for primary prevention or improved breast cancer outcomes.
Form and female authorship in music video

Le videoclip, media porteur du discours feministe ou du moins feminin. La chaine de television MTV fait une grande place aux filles rockers. Essor d'une nouvelle generation de femmes auteurs metteurs en scene de clips, et compositeurs-interpretes: vocalistes ou instrumentalistes; nouvelles donnes pour la production, les images de la femme, et mutation du discours courant sur la feminite: Cyndi Lauper and Madonna
Free associative algebras, noncommutative Grobner bases, and universal associative envelopes for nonassociative structures

These are the lecture notes from my short course of the same title at the CIMPA Research School on Associative and Nonassociative Algebras and Dialgebras: Theory and Algorithms - In Honour of Jean-Louis Loday (1946-2012), held at CIMAT, Guanajuato, Mexico, February 17 to March 2, 2013. The underlying motivation is to apply the theory of noncommutative Grobner bases in free associative algebras to the construction of universal associative envelopes for nonassociative structures defined by multilinear operations. Trilinear operations were classified by the author and Peresi in 2007. In her Ph.D. thesis of 2012, Elgendy studied the universal associative envelopes of nonassociative triple systems obtained by applying these trilinear operations to the 2-dimensional simple associative triple system. In these notes I use computer algebra to extend some aspects of her work to the 4-dimensional and 6-dimensional simple associative triple systems.
Gene Therapy Strategies to Exploit TRIM Derived Restriction Factors against HIV-1

Restriction factors are a collection of antiviral proteins that form an important aspect of the innate immune system. Their constitutive expression allows immediate response to viral infection, ahead of other innate or adaptive immune responses. We review the molecular mechanism of restriction for four categories of restriction factors; TRIM5, tetherin, APOBEC3G and SAMHD1 and go on to consider how the TRIM5 and TRIMCyp proteins in particular, show promise for exploitation using gene therapy strategies. Such approaches could form an important alternative to current anti-HIV-1 drug regimens, especially if combined with strategies to eradicate HIV reservoirs. Autologous CD4+ T cells or their haematopoietic stem cell precursors engineered to express TRIMCyp restriction factors, and provided in a single therapeutic intervention could then be used to restore functional immunity with a pool of cells protected against HIV. We consider the challenges ahead and consider how early clinical phase testing may best be achieved.
High-quality spatio-temporal rendering using semi-analytical visibility

We present a novel visibility algorithm for rendering motion blur with per-pixel anti-aliasing. Our algorithm uses a number of line samples over a rectangular group of pixels, and together with the time dimension, a two-dimensional spatio-temporal visibility problem needs to be solved per line sample. In a coarse culling step, our algorithm first uses a bounding volume hierarchy to rapidly remove geometry that does not overlap with the current line sample. For the remaining triangles, we approximate each triangle's depth function, along the line and along the time dimension, with a number of patch triangles. We resolve for the final color using an analytical visibility algorithm with depth sorting, simple occlusion culling, and clipping. Shading is decoupled from visibility, and we use a shading cache for efficient reuse of shaded values. In our results, we show practically noise-free renderings of motion blur with high-quality spatial anti-aliasing and with competitive rendering times. We also demonstrate that our algorithm, with some adjustments, can be used to accurately compute motion blurred ambient occlusion.
Human Cancer Biology Global Hypomethylation Identifies Loci Targeted for Hypermethylation in Head and Neck Cancer

Purpose: The human epigenome is profoundly altered in cancers, with a characteristic loss of methylation in repetitive regions and concomitant accumulation of gene promoter methylation. The degree to which these processes are coordinated is unclear so we investigated both in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Experimental Design: Global methylation was measured using the luminometric methylation assay (LUMA) and pyrosequencing of LINE-1Hs and AluYb8 repetitive elements in a series of 138 tumors.We also measured methylation of more than 27,000 CpG loci with the Illumina HumanMethylation27 Microarray (n 1⁄4 91). Results: LINE-1 methylation was significantly associated with LUMA and Infinium loci methylation (Spearman’s r 1⁄4 0.52/r 1⁄4 0.56, both P < 0.001) but not that of AluYb8. Methylation of LINE-1, AluYb8, and Infinium loci differed by tumor site (each Kruskal–Wallis, P < 0.05). Also, LINE-1 and LUMA methylation were associated with HPV16 E6 serology (each Mann–Whitney, P < 0.05). Comparing LINE-1 methylation to gene-associated methylation, we identified a distinct subset of CpG loci with significant hypermethylation associated with LINE-1 hypomethylation. An investigation of sequence features for these CpG loci revealed that they were significantly less likely to reside in repetitive elements (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, P < 0.02), enriched in CpG islands (P < 0.001) and were proximal to transcription factor–binding sites (P < 0.05). We validated the top CpG loci that had significant hypermethylation associated with LINE-1 hypomethylation (at EVI2A, IFRD1, KLHL6, and PTPRCAP) by pyrosequencing independent tumors. Conclusions: These data indicate that global hypomethylation and gene-specific methylation processes are associated in a sequence-dependent manner, and that clinical characteristics and exposures leading to HNSCC may be influencing these processes. Clin Cancer Res; 17(11); 3579–89. 2011 AACR.
An Attenuated LC16m8 Smallpox Vaccine: Analysis of Full-Genome Sequence and Induction of Immune Protection

ABSTRACT The potential threat of smallpox bioterrorism has made urgent the development of lower-virulence vaccinia virus vaccines. An attenuated LC16m8 (m8) vaccine was developed in 1975 from the Lister strain used in the World Health Organization smallpox eradication program but was not used against endemic smallpox. Today, no vaccines can be tested with variola virus for efficacy in humans, and the mechanisms of immune protection against the major intracellular mature virion (IMV) and minor extracellular enveloped virion (EEV) populations of poxviruses are poorly understood. Here, we determined the full-genome sequences of the m8, parental LC16mO (mO), and grandparental Lister (LO) strains and analyzed their evolutionary relationships. Sequence data and PCR analysis indicated that m8 was a progeny of LO and that m8 preserved almost all of the open reading frames of vaccinia virus except for the disrupted EEV envelope gene B5R. In accordance with this genomic background, m8 induced 100% protection against a highly pathogenic vaccinia WR virus in mice by a single vaccination, despite the lack of anti-B5R and anti-EEV antibodies. The immunogenicity and priming efficacy with the m8 vaccine consisting mainly of IMV were as high as those with the intact-EEV parental mO and grandparental LO vaccines. Thus, mice vaccinated with 107 PFU of m8 produced low levels of anti-B5R antibodies after WR challenge, probably because of quick clearance of B5R-expressing WR EEV by strong immunity induced by the vaccination. These results suggest that priming with m8 IMV provides efficient protection despite undetectable levels of immunity against EEV.
A Randomised Controlled Trial of Efficacy of Cognitive Rehabilitation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Cognitive, Behavioural, and MRI Study

Aim. To explore the efficacy of home-based, computerised, cognitive rehabilitation in patients with multiple sclerosis using neuropsychological assessment and advanced structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods. 38 patients with MS and cognitive impairment on the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) were enrolled. Patients were randomised to undergo 45 minutes of computerised cognitive rehabilitation using RehaCom software (n = 19) three times weekly for six weeks or to a control condition (n = 19). Neuropsychological and MRI data were obtained at baseline (time 1), following the 6-week intervention (time 2), and after a further twelve weeks (time 3). Cortical activations were explored using fMRI and microstructural changes were explored using quantitative magnetisation transfer (QMT) imaging. Results. The treatment group showed a greater improvement in SDMT gain scores between baseline and time 2 compared to the control group (p = 0.005). The treatment group exhibited increased activation in the bilateral prefrontal cortex and right temporoparietal regions relative to control group at time 3 (p < 0.05FWE corrected). No significant changes were observed on QMT. Conclusion. This study supports the hypothesis that home-based, computerised, cognitive rehabilitation may be effective in improving cognitive performance in patients with MS. Clinical trials registration is ISRCTN54901925.
Pilot Allocation and Power Control in D2D Underlay Massive MIMO Systems

In this letter, we propose pilot reuse among device-to-device (D2D) users (DUs) in a D2D underlay massive MIMO system to shorten pilot overhead. First, we derive a lower bound on the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of DUs. Then, a revised graph coloring-based pilot allocation (RGCPA) algorithm is proposed to mitigate the pilot contamination. Finally, a power control problem to minimize D2D links’ data transmit power is formulated and an iterative scheme is adopted to solve the problem. The simulation results show that pilot overhead can be shortened greatly by pilot reuse, and the effect of pilot contamination can be almost cancelled using the proposed RGCPA algorithm. In addition, the power control scheme converges rapidly.
Visual Dissociations of Movement, Position, and Stereo Depth: Some Phenomenal Phenomena

Helmholtz (1867) described as “irradiation” the apparently greater size of a white compared with a dark square, or disc or whatever of the same physical size. The illusory size difference is reversed at low contrasts (Weale, 1974). It is also known that rapid increases in brightness gives apparent movement (gamma movement), though there is no agreed explanation for either phenomenon. When narrow bordering stripes are added, further systematic phenomena occur. With intensity modulation of an edge-striped grey rectangle, which has a dark stripe on the left side and a light stripe on the right (which is similar to figures used by Stuart Anstis and Brian Rogers), the entire figure shifts, with reversed motion when the background luminance is modulated. By presenting a pair of such figures, mirror reversed one to each eye and fused stereoscopically, the question may be asked: Do these illusory shifts produce stereo depth? The answer is surprising: stereo is produced-but at the cross-over with luminance of the central grey rectangle with the background the depth change is opposite to that given by normal, non-illusory, opposed lateral shifts. We interpret this anomalous stereo depth as a switch of which edges of the stripes are fused, with the change of relative contrast of the edges of the dark and light stripes as the figure-background contrast is changed. Measures of static shift, lateral movement, and stereo depth, give somewhat different functions. These are considered in terms of different signalled positions, stereo depth, and movement. This study brings out the importance, for explaining such perceptual anomalies, of distinguishing between neural signal channel characteristics and which stimulus features from the display are selected and accepted for perception. Although conceptually clearly distinct these are all too easily confused in psycho-physical experiments.
Multipillar Pension Systems in Central-Europe and Russia

Financial markets are complex scale-free networks, established by bounded rational agents – which explains the occurrence of pricing bubbles, contagions, extreme bullish and bearish developments, when volatility of liquidity diffuse through the market. This analysis focuses on the pension reforms of Visegrád countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia) and Russia, where different structures of multipillar pension systems were introduced. The composition rules of pension portfolio in emerging countries are half baked, because they were standardized only on developed countries. The main objective of this paper is to employ DCC GARCH processes to validate bond and stock oriented strategies in the emerging markets. An empirical exercise using the 10-year Bond rates, stock market indexes and exchange rates of the selected countries and the USA and Euro Area on an entire market cycle (between 2002 and 2009) will show that for specific time periods the comovements between series are due to inherent non-linear deterministic dynamics.
Segregated Encoding of Reward–Identity and Stimulus–Reward Associations in Human Orbitofrontal Cortex

A dominant focus in studies of learning and decision-making is the neural coding of scalar reward value. This emphasis ignores the fact that choices are strongly shaped by a rich representation of potential rewards. Here, using fMRI adaptation, we demonstrate that responses in the human orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) encode a representation of the specific type of food reward predicted by a visual cue. By controlling for value across rewards and by linking each reward with two distinct stimuli, we could test for representations of reward–identity that were independent of associative information. Our results show reward–identity representations in a medial-caudal region of OFC, independent of the associated predictive stimulus. This contrasts with a more rostro-lateral OFC region encoding reward–identity representations tied to the predicate stimulus. This demonstration of adaptation in OFC to reward specific representations opens an avenue for investigation of more complex decision mechanisms that are not immediately accessible in standard analyses, which focus on correlates of average activity.
Updates to the Spectrum model to estimate key HIV indicators for adults and children

Background:The Spectrum program is used to estimate key HIV indicators for national programmes. The purpose of the study is to describe the key updates made to Spectrum in the last 2 years to produce the version used in the 2013 global estimates of HIV/AIDS. Methods:The United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Reference Group on Estimates, Models and Projections regularly reviews new data and information needs and recommends updates to the methodology and assumptions used in Spectrum. The latest data from surveys, census and special studies are used to estimate key parameter values for countries and regions. Results:Country-specific life tables prepared by the United National Population Division (UNPD) have been incorporated into Spectrum's demographic projections replacing the model life tables used previously. This update includes revised estimates of non-AIDS life expectancy. Incidence among all adults 15–49 years generated from curve fitting to surveillance and survey data is now split by age using incidence rate ratios derived from Analysing Longitudinal Population-based HIV/AIDS data on Africa Network data for generalized epidemics. Methods for estimating the number of AIDS orphans have been updated to include the changing effects of PMTCT and antiretroviral therapy programmes. Procedures for estimating the number of adults eligible for treatment have been updated to reflect the 2013 WHO guidelines. Program data on AIDS mortality has been used to estimate prevalence trends in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico for the 2013 estimates. Conclusion:Spectrum was updated for the 2013 round of HIV estimates in order to support national programmes with improved methods and data to estimating national indicators.
Challenges in the design of cognitive radios1

Cognitive radios are expected to perform spectrum sensing and communication in the frequency range of tens of megahertz to about 10 GHz. As such, they pose tough architecture and circuit design problems. This paper deals with issues such as broadband, low-noise amplification, multidecade carrier frequency synthesis, and spectrum sensing. The paper also describes the effect of nonlinearity and local oscillator harmonics, demonstrating that cognitive radios entail more difficult challenges than do software-defined radios. Multi-decade synthesis techniques and RF-assisted sensing methods are also presented.
Understanding causal influences on educational achievement through analysis of within-country differences over time

Abstract When the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) was established in 1959 the basic idea was to use comparative analysis of country differences in achievement to take advantage of the world as an educational laboratory. A large number of comparative studies involving substantial numbers of countries has since then been conducted and much has indeed been learned. However, it has also been learned that causal inference from cross-sectional comparative data is a weak method for gaining knowledge about which factors are conducive to educational achievement, because of the impossibility to control for the large number of differences between countries. During the 1990s a new generation of IEA studies was launched. These studies (e. g. TIMSS) were designed to give information about within-country trends of achievement in addition to information about between-country differences. The paper proposes that analysis of within-country differences over time is a powerful method of finding out which educational factors are related to achievement, and particularly so when the analysis involves several countries. This suggestion is illustrated through analyses of data from the TIMSS study of mathematics achievement in 1995 and 2003 for grades 4 and 8, investigating effects of age and class size on achievement. 2
Adult Outcome of Extremely Preterm Infants

Survival rates for extremely preterm (<28 weeks’ gestational age) infants have increased and are approaching 3 in 4 with the advent of modern perinatal and neonatal intensive care. In contrast with some children with chronic diseases such as cystic fibrosis, most survivors of extreme prematurity have no ongoing health issues. However, as a group, they do have higher rates of adverse health outcomes, and more of them will present to pediatricians over time and, ultimately, to adult physicians as they grow older. Pediatricians can aid the transition to adult health care by being aware of the nutritional, cardiovascular, respiratory, motor, cognitive, psychiatric, and functional outcomes into adulthood of survivors of extreme prematurity.