Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is Accumulative Information Useful for Designing Energy Efficient Transmission?

Energy efficiency (EE) has become an important design goal for mobile communication systems. Since the EE of a system is evaluated during a period of time, a transmission strategy designed from maximizing instantaneous EE (INEE) may not achieve the maximal EE of the system. To exploit the accumulative nature of the energy, accumulative EE (ACEE) can be used as the objective function, which is the ratio of the accumulated amount of data transmitted to the accumulated energy consumed until the time for optimization. In this paper, we study when ACEE is beneficial to EE-oriented optimization. By taking a single user multi-antenna multi-subcarrier system serving two classes of traffic as an example, we formulate three problems to optimize rate allocation among subcarriers and time slots respectively maximizing the INEE, ACEE and EE upper-bound, which can be easily extended to multi-user systems. We proceed to analyze the behavior and performance of the corresponding solutions. Analytical and simulation results show that using ACEE yields a more energy efficient design for the systems serving best effort traffic with less transmit antennas, serving less users simultaneously or at low signal to noise ratio under time-varying channels. However, the conclusions for real-time traffic are different.
Vaccine-Type Human Papillomavirus and Evidence of Herd Protection After Vaccine Introduction

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to compare prevalence rates of human papillomavirus (HPV) in young women before and after HPV vaccine introduction to determine the following: (1) whether vaccine-type HPV infection decreased, (2) whether there was evidence of herd protection, and (3) whether there was evidence for type-replacement (increased prevalence of nonvaccine-type HPV). METHODS: Young women 13 to 26 years of age who had had sexual contact were recruited from 2 primary care clinics in 2006–2007 for a prevaccination surveillance study (N = 368, none were vaccinated) and 2009–2010 for a postvaccination surveillance study (N = 409, 59% were vaccinated). Participants completed a questionnaire and were tested for cervicovaginal HPV DNA. HPV prevalence rates were compared in the pre- versus postsurveillance studies by using χ2 tests. Propensity score weighting was used to balance differences in covariates between the 2 surveillance studies. RESULTS: The mean age was ∼19 years for both groups of participants and most were African American and non-Hispanic. After propensity score weighting, the prevalence rate for vaccine-type HPV decreased substantially (31.7%–13.4%, P < .0001). The decrease in vaccine-type HPV not only occurred among vaccinated (31.8%–9.9%, P < .0001) but also among unvaccinated (30.2%–15.4%, P < .0001) postsurveillance study participants. Nonvaccine-type HPV increased (60.7%–75.9%, P < .0001) for vaccinated postsurveillance study participants. CONCLUSIONS: Four years after licensing of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine, there was a substantial decrease in vaccine-type HPV prevalence and evidence of herd protection in this community. The increase in nonvaccine-type HPV in vaccinated participants should be interpreted with caution but warrants further study.
Large-Area Mapping of Dislocations in 4H-SiC from Carbon-Face (000-1) by Using Vaporized KOH Etching near 1000 °C

To solve the problem that no preferential chemical etching is available for dislocation revelation from the carbon-face (C-face) of 4H-SiC, a novel etching technique using vaporized KOH has been developed. It was found that this etching technique can reveal the three commonly found dislocation types, i.e., threading screw dislocations (TSDs), threading edge dislocations (TEDs) and basal plane dislocations (BPDs) as large hexagonal, small hexagonal and triangular, respectively. Centimeter-scale dislocation mapping has been obtained, and the pit positions on the C-face were compared with those on the Si-face, to study the dislocation propagation behaviors across the sample thickness. We have found one-to-one correlation for nearly 96% of the TSDs, indicating a dominant proportion of TSDs penetrate the whole wafer thickness. The vaporized KOH etching technique has provided an effective and inexpensive method of making inch-scale mapping of dislocation distribution for the C-face epitaxial and bulky 4H-SiC.
Efficiency Loss of the Uniform Altruism Traffic Assignment under Road Pricing

The efficiency loss of the uniform altruism traffic assignment under road pricing is investigated. In this paper, we assume the user's perceived cost is a sum of selfish component, altruistic component and road pricing. The upper bounds of efficiency losses are analytically derived by variational inequality method. It is shown that the upper bound of efficiency loss depends on the class of link travel cost functions, the altruism coefficient and toll charge. Finally, we study an example when the link travel cost function is polynomial function.
Carbonate Apatite Bone Replacement

Inorganic component of bone is not hydroxyapatite but carbonate apatite. Although pure carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) has not been prepared due to the limited thermal stability of CO3Ap, dissolution - precipitation method using precursor block allows fabrication of pure CO3Ap. Fabrication of CO3Ap, cell response, tissue response and improvement of CO3Ap will be discussed.
ZEUS: Network Aware QoS Management for Immersive Environment

The production value accomplished with virtual studio applications is becoming more attractive to the modern broadcasting studios. One of the drawbacks in today's virtual studio is the limitation of viewpoint. Virtual studios using multiple cameras can overcome the restriction of viewpoint. To efficiently deliver the continuous media(CM) from a studio to viewers, we must consider the heterogeneous, irregular network environments. In this paper, we focus on the guarantee of constant playback in the IP network. We present the network aware QoS management for immersive environment to deliver the media in time and at the same time, to minimize the quality variation. We propose the adaptive QoS management scheme to minimize the quality variability while at the same time maximize the utilization of variable network bandwidth. As a result, the stable frame transmission rate is guaranteed and the quality fluctuation becomes smoother.
Anticonvulsant properties of acetone, a brain ketone elevated by the ketogenic diet

The ketogenic diet (KD), a treatment for drug‐resistant epilepsy, elevates brain acetone. Acetone has been shown to suppress experimental seizures. Whether elevation of acetone is the basis of the anticonvulsant effects of the KD and whether acetone, like the KD, antagonizes many different types of seizures, however, is unknown. This study investigated the spectrum of the anticonvulsant effects of acetone in animal seizure models. Rats were injected with acetone intraperitoneally. Dose–response effects were measured in four different models: (1) the maximal electroshock test, which models human tonic‐clonic seizures; (2) the subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole test, which models human typical absence seizures; (3) the amygdala kindling test, which models human complex partial seizures with secondary generalization; and (4) the AY‐9944 test, which models chronic atypical absence seizures, a component of the Lennox–Gastaut syndrome. Acetone suppressed seizures in all of the models, with the following ED50's (expressed in mmol/kg): maximal electroshock, 6.6; pentylenetetrazole, 9.7; generalized kindled seizures, 13.1; focal kindled seizures, 26.5; AY‐9944, 4.0. Acetone appears to have a broad spectrum of anticonvulsant effects. These effects parallel the effects of the KD. Elevation of brain acetone therefore may account for the efficacy of the KD in intractable epilepsy. Ann Neurol 2003
Nano-assembly of DNA based electronic devices using atomic force microscopy

DNA electronics circuits require an efficient way to accurately position and individually manipulate DNA molecules. The recent development of atomic force microscopy (AFM) seems to be a promising solution. We have recently developed an AFM based augmented reality system. This new system can provide both real-time force feedback and real-time visual feedback during nanomanipulation. We have shown that nano-imprinting and manipulation of nano-particles and nano-rods can be easily performed under assistance of the augmented reality system. In this research, the system's ability is extended to manipulation of DNA molecules. Using a polynomial fitting method, the deformation of DNA molecules is displayed in real time in the augmented reality system during manipulation. Indeed, DNA molecules adopt many different structures including kinks, bends, bulges and distortions. These different structures and inappropriate physical contacts may result in the controversy of DNA conductivity reported over the last decade. The AFM based nanomanipulation system can be used either as a nanolithography tool to make small gap electrodes or a nanomanipulation tool to elongate, deform and cut DNA molecules. The measurement of the conductivity of DNA molecules in their different shapes and structures is a promising method to find conclusive evidences, which verify the electrical conductivity of DNA molecules.
International Consensus Guidelines for Management of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms and Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms of the Pancreas

Non-inflammatory cystic lesions of the pancreas are increasingly recognized. Two distinct entities have been defined, i.e., intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) and mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN). Ovarian-type stroma has been proposed as a requisite to distinguish MCN from IPMN. Some other distinct features to characterize IPMN and MCN have been identified, but there remain ambiguities between the two diseases. In view of the increasing frequency with which these neoplasms are being diagnosed worldwide, it would be helpful for physicians managing patients with cystic neoplasms of the pancreas to have guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of IPMN and MCN. The proposed guidelines represent a consensus of the working group of the International Association of Pancreatology.
Limitations and performances of robust control over WSN: UFAD control in intelligent buildings

The aim of this paper is to propose a model-based feedback control strategy for indoor temperature regulation in buildings equipped with underfloor air distribution. Supposing distributed sensing and actuation capabilities, a zero-dimensional model of the ventilation process is derived, based on the thermodynamics properties of the flow. A state-space description of the process is then inferred, including discrete events and non-linear components. The use of a wireless sensor network and the resulting communication constraints with the IEEE 802.15. 4 standard are discussed. Both synchronous and asynchronous transmissions are considered. Based on the linear part of the model, different H-infinity robust multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) controllers are designed, first with a standard mixed-sensitivity approach and then by taking into account the network-induced delay explicitly. The impact of the communication constraints and the relative performances of the controllers are discussed based on simulation results.
Stackables: combining tangibles for faceted browsing

We introduce Stackables: tangibles designed to support faceted information seeking in a variety of contexts. We are faced, more than ever, with tasks that require us to find, access, and act on information by ourselves or together with others. Current interfaces for browsing and search in large data spaces, however, largely focus on the support of either individual or collaborative activities. Stackables were designed to bridge this gap and be useful in meetings, for sharing results from individual search activities, and for realistic datasets including multiple facets with large value ranges. Each Stackable tangible represents search parameters that can be shared amongst collaborators, modified during an information seeking process, and stored and transferred. We describe Stackables, their flexible and expressive combination to formulate queries, and the underlying interaction concept in detail. An evaluation provides initial evidence of their usability in targeted and exploratory information seeking tasks.
Implementation and Performance Evaluation of LT and Raptor Codes for Multimedia Applications

Digital fountains have changed the standard transmission paradigm. A digital fountain can encode and transmit an unlimited number of data packets until every user gets enough information to guarantee correct decoding. Multimedia broadcasting, emerging peer-to-peer applications are only two examples of many other scenarios where digital fountains can be successfully applied. In this paper practical implementation issues of two class of digital fountain codes, namely LT and Raptor codes, are analyzed. Moreover, the performance in terms of coding and decoding complexity is measured experimentally.
Valganciclovir for pre-emptive therapy of cytomegalovirus viraemia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a prospective multi-center trial.

BACKGROUND Despite its widespread use in the management of HIV-related cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, there have been surprisingly few reports of the use of valganciclovir (VGC) in the post-allotransplant setting. So far, no multi-center, non-crossover trial data have been available with the use of this drug as the primary pre-emptive. The present study evaluated the efficacy and safety of VGC for preemptive therapy of CMV infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). METHODS From January to April 2007, VGC was adopted in eleven centers in mainland China for pre-emptive therapy of CMV infection in consecutive patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT. Allogeneic HSCT recipients were followed weekly via CMV pp65 antigenemia assay or real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of CMV-DNA. Patients with a positive assay were treated with VGC, 900 mg P.O. twice a day for 14 days followed by 900 mg P.O. once a day for 14 days after a negative result or the CMV-DNA load was lower. RESULTS A total of 54 patients (15 siblings, 28 mismatched related donors, 11 unrelated donors) had a positive assay treated with oral VGC. The seroconversion rate was 89% (48/54) as confirmed by a negative assay; six patients failed oral VGC. No significant toxicity was encountered. No case of CMV disease was diagnosed in the responding patients with a median follow-up of 5.3 months after the drug administration. CONCLUSION Pre-emptive therapy of CMV viraemia with oral VGC is safe and effective in allogeneic HSCT.
Growth by liquid-injection MOCVD and properties of HfO2 films for microelectronic applications

Thin films of HfO 2 were deposited on (100)Si/SiO 2 by liquid-injection metal-organic (MO)CVD using [Hf(O t Bu) 2 (mmp) 2 ) dissolved in octane as the precursor. A precise thickness control on the nanometer scale was obtained by controlling the volume of injected precursor solution. Films of thickness below 10 nm were studied by means of X-ray reflectometry (XRR), attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Films are amorphous for deposition temperatures below 350 °C; they are polycrystalline at deposition temperature of 360 °C and above, except for ultrathin films. Under the deposition conditions used, the main crystalline phase is the monoclinic phase as shown by ATR. AFM reveals smooth surfaces for both amorphous and polycrystalline films. The equivalent oxide thickness measured in MOS structures depends linearly on the film's thickness, and a relative dielectric permittivity e r of 19 is obtained, which is consistent with that expected for the monoclinic phase of bulk HfO 2 . Leakage current densities of the order of 1×10 -4 A cm -2 for films with a physical thickness of 3.1 nm are obtained. Rapid thermal annealing under ammonia reduces the fixed charges in the oxide (Q ox < 1×10 11 cm -2 ) as well as the interfacial charge density (D it peak = 8×10 10 eV -1 cm -2 ).
Occurrence of cytomegalo virus and herpes simplex virus infections in pregnancy.

*Corresponding author (email: <purnima_barua@rediffmail.com>) Received: 05-10-07 Accepted: 23-11-07 staining technique, has been reported to be superior to other diagnostic methods. [4] Our study is in agreement with them and the Þ ndings tally with those of Kehl et al.,[5] with respect to superior efÞ cacy of microscopy in respect to ELISA as a procedure for routine diagnosis. The patterns of sensitivity and speciÞ city in our study suggest that microscopy would sufÞ ce routine screening of stool specimen for Cryptosporidium spp.
GENERALIZED CONGRUENCES — EPIMORPHISMS IN Cat

The paper generalizes the notion of a congruence on a category and pursues some of its applications. In particular, generalized congruences are used to provide a concrete construction of coequalizers in Cat. Extremal, regular and various other classes of epimorphic functors are characterized and inter-related.
How to Use a Chemotherapeutic Agent When Resistance to It Threatens the Patient

When resistance to anticancer or antimicrobial drugs evolves in a patient, highly effective chemotherapy can fail, threatening patient health and lifespan. Standard practice is to treat aggressively, effectively eliminating drug-sensitive target cells as quickly as possible. This prevents sensitive cells from acquiring resistance de novo but also eliminates populations that can competitively suppress resistant populations. Here we analyse that evolutionary trade-off and consider recent suggestions that treatment regimens aimed at containing rather than eliminating tumours or infections might more effectively delay the emergence of resistance. Our general mathematical analysis shows that there are situations in which regimens aimed at containment will outperform standard practice even if there is no fitness cost of resistance, and, in those cases, the time to treatment failure can be more than doubled. But, there are also situations in which containment will make a bad prognosis worse. Our analysis identifies thresholds that define these situations and thus can guide treatment decisions. The analysis also suggests a variety of interventions that could be used in conjunction with cytotoxic drugs to inhibit the emergence of resistance. Fundamental principles determine, across a wide range of disease settings, the circumstances under which standard practice best delays resistance emergence—and when it can be bettered.
Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers Based on Polycarbonate Diols With Different Soft Segment Molecular Weight and Chemical Structure: Mechanical and Thermal Properties

A. Eceiza, M.D. Martin, K. de la Caba, G. Kortaberria, N. Gabilondo, M.A. Corcuera, I. MondragonUniversidad Pai´s Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, ‘Materials þ Technologies’ Group,Dpto. Ingenieri´a Qui´mica y Medio Ambiente, Escuela Univ Polite´cnica, Pza Europa 1,20018 Donostia-San Sebastia´n, Spain
Composite Membranes for Medium-Temperature PEM Fuel Cells

▪ Abstract The main obstacles to greater commercialization of polymer electrolyte fuel cells are mostly related to the low-proton conductivity at low-relative humidity of the known ionomeric membranes, to their high methanol permeability and poor mechanical properties above ∼130°C. A possible solution for these problems has been found in the development of composite membranes, where particles of suitable fillers are dispersed in the ionomer matrix. The preparation methods for obtaining composite membranes are described, and recent work dealing with composite ionomeric membranes containing silica, heteropolyacids, layered metal phosphates, and phosphonates is reviewed. Finally, new strategies for the preparation of nano-composite membranes and for the filling of porous polymeric membranes with highly conductive zirconium phosphonates are described. The expected influence of size and orientation of these particles on membrane properties, such as conductivity and permeability to methanol, is also discussed.
Signal Processing and Design of Nodes in WSN Agricultural Monitoring System

By analysis of WSN node signal processing, we designed a node structural system in WSN agricultural monitoring system and use the ideas of this system to complete the development of wireless sensor nodes. TinyOS, as the node software development system is chosen to test the node performance. The results showed that, the node meets the design requirements, and it can be effectively applied in WSN agricultural monitoring system.
Modeling of Crack Growth in Steels

The paper discusses issues related to the damage accumulation and cracking in steels. Special attention is paid to the selection of appropriate methods in the modeling of progressive damage development. In special cases, the accumulation of damage and crack propagation may lead to the brutal destruction of machine parts. In addition, some attention was drawn to the conditions that can lead to this brutal destruction.
Asymmetric Information, Adverse Selection, and the Pricing of CMBS

We demonstrate that asymmetric information between sellers (loan originators) and purchasers (investors and securities issuers) of commercial mortgages gives rise to a standard lemons problem, whereby portfolio lenders use private information to liquidate lower quality loans in commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS) markets. Conduit lenders, who originate loans for direct sale into securitization markets, mitigate problems of asymmetric information and adverse selection in loan sales. Our theory provides an explanation for the pricing puzzle observed in CMBS markets, whereby conduit CMBS loans are priced higher than portfolio loans, despite widespread belief that conduit loans are originated at lower quality. Consistent with theoretical predictions of a lemons discount, our empirical analysis of 141 CMBS deals and 16,760 CMBS loans shows that, after controlling for observable determinants of loan pricing, conduit loans enjoyed a 34 basis points pricing advantage over portfolio loans in the CMBS market.
T g in Confined Systems: A Free Volume Approach

Abstract In glass-forming materials confined in films or pores of small dimension, the glass transition temperature T g is depressed or increased depending on the nature of the interactions at the interface. It is shown that these effects, observed in polymers and simple liquids, can be interpreted in the framework of the free volume model. Similar effects of confinement on the glass and melting transitions are stressed; this permits prediction of the variations of the cooperative molecular motions α with temperature.