Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of the Gemini Planet Imager Non-redundant Mask and Spectroscopy of Two Close-separation Binaries: HR 2690 and HD 142527

The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) contains a 10-hole non-redundant mask (NRM), enabling interferometric resolution in complement to its coronagraphic capabilities. The NRM operates both in spectroscopic (integral field spectrograph, henceforth IFS) and polarimetric configurations. NRM observations were taken between 2013 and 2016 to characterize its performance. Most observations were taken in spectroscopic mode, with the goal of obtaining precise astrometry and spectroscopy of faint companions to bright stars. We find a clear correlation between residual wavefront error measured by the adaptive optic system and the contrast sensitivity by comparing phase errors in observations of the same source, taken on different dates. We find a typical 5σ contrast sensitivity of (2–3) × 10−3 at ∼λ/D. We explore the accuracy of spectral extraction of secondary components of binary systems by recovering the signal from a simulated source injected into several data sets. We outline data reduction procedures unique to GPI’s IFS and describe a newly public data pipeline used for the presented analyses. We demonstrate recovery of astrometry and spectroscopy of two known companions to HR 2690 and HD 142527. NRM+polarimetry observations achieve differential visibility precision of σ ∼ 0.4% in the best case. We discuss its limitations on Gemini-S/GPI for resolving inner regions of protoplanetary disks and prospects for future upgrades. We summarize lessons learned in observing with NRM in spectroscopic and polarimetric modes.
Dynamic response analysis of aero hydraulic pipeline system under pump fluid pressure fluctuation

The pressure fluctuation excited by the hydraulic pump can cause serious vibration in aero hydraulic pipeline system, which poses a serious threat to the safety of the aircraft. Therefore, an effective method for predicting the fluid pressure fluctuation and dynamic response of pipeline is strongly recommended. In this paper, a comprehensive model for predicting the dynamic response of pipeline, which includes the Poisson coupling, friction coupling, the vibration damping, Coriolis, and centrifugal forces is proposed. A numerical code is presented to solve the hydraulic pipeline equations. In this code, the hydraulic equations are solved by the method of characteristics and the dynamic equations of pipeline are solved by the finite element method combined with the Newmark algorithm. The numerical code is validated through the comparison of the dynamic response for a typical hydraulic pipeline with experiment. The obtained results indicate that the current combining method of characteristics and finite element method approach can predict the dynamic response of hydraulic pipeline with sufficient accuracy, which can serve as an efficient tool in the design and maintenance of aero hydraulic pipeline.
Experimental and theoretical comparison of Sb, As, and P diffusion mechanisms and doping in CdTe

Fundamental material doping challenges have limited CdTe electro-optical applications. In this work, the As atomistic diffusion mechanisms in CdTe are examined by spatially resolving dopant incorporation in both single-crystalline and polycrystalline CdTe over a range of experimental conditions. Density-functional theory calculations predict experimental activation energies and indicate that As diffuses slowly through the Te sublattice and quickly along GBs similar to Sb. Because of its atomic size and associated defect chemistry, As does not have a fast interstitial diffusion component similar to P. Experiments to incorporate and activate P, As, and Sb in polycrystalline CdTe are conducted to examine if ex situ Group V doping can overcome historic polycrystalline doping limits. The distinct P, As, and Sb diffusion characteristics create different strategies for increasing hole density. Because fast interstitial diffusion is prominent for P, less aggressive diffusion conditions followed by Cd overpressure to relocate the Group V element to the Te lattice site is effective. For larger atoms, slower diffusion through the Te sublattice requires more aggressive diffusion, however further activation is not always necessary. Based on the new physical understanding, we have obtained greater than 1016 cm−3 hole density in polycrystalline CdTe films by As and P diffusion.
Nerve Graft Prefabrication: Preliminary Study

This study aimed to produce prefabricated nerve graft as effective as autologous nerve graft without donor site morbidity for repairing segmental nerve defects. Thirty rats were used and were separated into three groups. In the ﬁrst group, vein graft excised from jugular vein was sutured to make a bridge between epineural gaps of tibial and peroneal nerve. In the second group, one-quarter of the nerve diameter was incised after excision of the epineurial sheath, and the vein graft was sutured between epineurial gaps. In the third group, the vein graft was sutured between epineurial gaps, and plasmid including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene were injected into muscle next to the nerve. Functional and morphological assessments were performed at the end of the 8 weeks. We prefabricated nerve graft by using autologous vein as a conduit material between two intact nerves and by gene therapy, which increases the VEGF level in the medium.
The Clinical Use of Artificial Nerve Conduits for Digital Nerve Repair: A Prospective Cohort Study and Literature Review

Tubulization as an alternative to autologous nerve grafting successfully bridges relatively short nerve gaps. Digital nerve lesions are ideal for clinical outcome studies, but only a few data have been published so far. We are presenting our clinical experiences based on a review of the outcome and techniques in the current literature. Fifteen digital nerve lesions in 14 patients have been overcome by interpositional grafting of a hollow collagen I conduit. A follow-up of 12 months could be guaranteed in 12 cases. The mean nerve gap was 12.5 (cid:1) 3.7 mm. Four out of 12 patients, assessed 12 months postoperatively, showed excellent sensibility (S4). Five patients achieved good sensibility, one poor, and two no sensibility. Our results conﬁrm tubulization as one possible technique in nerve reconstruction. However, the indication has to be set carefully, and the operation still requires solid microsurgical skills, especially for proper handling and debridement of the severed nerve endings.
Should the Donor Radius be Plated Prophylactically after Harvest of a Radial Osteocutaneous Flap? A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

The objective of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of prophylactic plating of the donor radius after harvest of a radial osteocutaneous ﬂap. Costs were measured from a Ministry of Health perspective, and effectiveness in terms of quality adjusted life years (QALYs.) A literature search identiﬁed 22 studies reporting complications of radial osteocutaneous free ﬂaps, and nine studies reporting complications of radius plating. The rates of the various complications were pooled to provide the probability of each clinically important complication. A decision analytic model was used to determine the total costs, and QALYs for each of the treatment options. The expected direct costs for prophylactic plating and treatment after fracture were $2071 and $140, respectively. The expected QALYs for prophylactic plating and treatment after fracture were 8.55 and 9.92, respectively. It was concluded that prophylactic plating of the donor radius is not a cost-effective approach when compared to the treatment of donor radius fractures after they occur.
Local region-based level set approach for fast synthetic aperture radar image segmentation

Abstract. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image segmentation is the key to SAR image automatic interpretation. However, speckle noise, intensity inhomogeneity, and irregular shaped objects with changing edge often make the SAR image segmentation very difficult, and existing algorithms have high computational complexity. We propose a region-based level set method using the local image intensity information. To represent the statistical characteristics of speckle noise, we first use a gamma statistical distribution to model every segmented SAR image. We then apply a modified region mean estimation formula to efficiently segment SAR images with inhomogeneity. Finally, Gaussian filtering is employed to regularize the level set function, which can avoid reinitialization. The experimental results on synthetic and real-world SAR images demonstrate that the proposed method has less computation cost, faster convergence rate, and more accurate segmentation results.
High-throughput screening of encapsulated islets using wide-field lens-free on-chip imaging

Islet microencapsulation is a promising solution to diabetes treatment, but its quality control based on manual microscopic inspection is extremely low-throughput, highly variable and laborious. This study presents a high-throughput islet-encapsulation quality screening system based on lens-free on-chip imaging with a wide field-of-view of 18.15 cm^2, which is more than 100 times larger than that of a lens-based optical microscope, enabling it to image and analyze ~8,000 microcapsules in a single frame. Custom-written image reconstruction and processing software provides the user with clinically important information, such as microcapsule count, size, intactness, and information on whether each capsule contains an islet. This high-throughput and cost-effective platform can be useful for researchers to develop better encapsulation protocols as well as perform quality control prior to transplantation.
A Maximum Constant Boost Quasi Z Source Invertor with Third Harmonic Injection for Linear Induction Motors

- Three phase voltage linear induction motors (LIMs) are emerging as a reliable means of providing both fast transport solutions and significant amount of linear thrust. However, conventional Voltage Source Invertor (VSI) and Current Source Invertor (CSI) motor drives applied to LIMs suffer from the generation of harmonic currents from the nonlinear nature of the LIM. This paper presents an improved Quasi-Z-Source Inverter (QZSI) for a linear induction motor (LIM) whose controller has been built, and its simulated results. The proposed QZSI controller herein for a LIM will injects uniformly spaced shoot through states, and promises a high output voltage gain and reduced THD.
Expansion of Surviving Skin Paddle of Neurocutaneous Island Flaps in Rats by VEGF

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can enlarge the skin paddles of neurocutaneous ﬂaps in rats. Wistar albino rats were used in four groups: Group 1, (n ¼ 10): neurocutaneous island ﬂap; Group 2, (n ¼ 10): neurocutaneous island ﬂap, surgical delay; Group 3, (n ¼ 10): neurocutaneous island ﬂap, VEGF; Group 4, (n ¼ 10): graft. A 3 (cid:1) 3-cm, neurocutaneous island ﬂap was elevated on the anterolateral skin of the thigh of the rats. The surviving ﬂap areas were 29.7 (cid:2) 1.43 percent in Group 1, 41.3 (cid:2) 3.24 percent in Group 2, 94.2 (cid:2) 1.46 percent in Group 3. There were no surviving areas in Group 4. The vascular networks of Group 3 animals were more intensive and diffused on microangiography and the histopathologic ﬁndings were better in this group. The surviving ﬂap areas in Group 3 animals were enlarged approximately three times over the original size.
Cortical Brain Mapping of Peripheral Nerves Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Rodent Model

The regions of the body have cortical and subcortical representation in proportion to their degree of innervation. The rat forepaw has been studied extensively in recent years using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), typically by stimulation using electrodes directly inserted into the skin of the forepaw. Here we stimulate the nerve directly using surgically implanted electrodes. A major distinction is that stimulation of the skin of the forepaw is mostly sensory, whereas direct nerve stimulation reveals not only the sensory system but also deep brain structures associated with motor activity. In this article, we seek to deﬁne both the motor and sensory cortical and subcortical representations associated with the four major nerves of the rodent upper extremity. We electrically stimulated each nerve (median, ulnar, radial, and musculocutaneous) during fMRI acquisition using a 9.4-T Bruker scanner (Bruker BioSpin, Billerica, MA). A current level of 0.5 to 1.0 mA and a frequency of 5 Hz were used while keeping the duration constant. A distinct pattern of cortical activation was found for each nerve that can be correlated with known sensorimotor afferent and efferent pathways to the rat forepaw. This direct nerve stimulation rat model can provide insight into peripheral nerve injury
The HJET polarimeter in RHIC Run 2017

The Polarized Atomic Hydrogen Jet Target (HJET) Polarimeter commissioned in 2004 was designed to measure absolute polarization of proton beams in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). HJET performance in RHIC Run 2017 (255 GeV proton beams) will be discussed. The long term (1-100 days) stability of the measured effective analyzing power $\langle A_N\rangle$ was found to be $\sqrt{\langle(\delta\sigma^\mathrm{syst}_{A_N})^2\rangle}/A_N\le0.1\%$. The systematic error in measurement of the RHIC beam average polarization of $P\sim56\%$ was evaluated to be $\sigma_P^\mathrm{syst}/P\lesssim0.5\%$. The statistical error in such a measurement is defined by the number of detected $p^\uparrow p^\uparrow$ elastic events and for an 8 hours RHIC store it was typically at $\sigma_P^\mathrm{stat}\approx2\%$. The elastic events statistics of about $10^9$ per RHIC beam accumulated during Run 2017 allowed us to make a detailed study of the proton-proton single-spin $A_N (t)$ and double-spin $A_{NN}(t)$ analyzing powers in the momentum transfer range $0.001<-t<0.020~(\mathrm{GeV}⁄c)^2$. Contributions of the hadronic single $r_5$ and double $r_2$ spin-flip amplitudes were isolated. Analysis of the inelastic background $p_\mathrm{beam}^\uparrow+p_\mathrm{target}^\uparrow\rightarrow X+p_\mathrm{target}$ allowed us to experimentally evaluate the beam and target spin correlated asymmetries in these processes for $M_X-m_p\lesssim400\ \mathrm{MeV}$ and $t\sim-0.005\ (\mathrm{GeV}⁄c)^2$. The data acquired during 3 weeks of Gold-Gold beams in RHIC allowed us to make a high statistics measurement of the $p^\uparrow\mathrm{Au}$ analyzing power at $E_\text{Lab}=27.2$\unit{}{\GeV}.
An Algorithm for Recipient Vessel Selection in Microsurgical Head and Neck Reconstruction

This article details an algorithm we used for selection of recipient vessels in free tissue transfer to the head and neck. Eighty-eight consecutive free ﬂaps to the head and neck were performed in 85 patients. The superior thyroid was the commonest recipient artery used (61%). The facial artery, used in 14% of our cases, is the choice vessel in instances where neck dissection is not performed. In these cases, we have to access the neck separately for recipient vessels and it can be exposed easily via a short (3-cm) incision. The superﬁcial temporal artery (11%) is our choice vessel for patients with previous neck dissection or radiotherapy as it is well outside the previous operative or irradiated ﬁeld. Other vessels such as the transverse cervical and end-to-side anastomosis to the carotid artery were also used when appropriate. Recipient vein selection depends primarily on the selected artery. Corresponding veins and large branches of the internal jugular vein (IJV) in the vicinity of the selected artery are preferred. When these are exhausted, the external jugular vein and end-to-side anastomosis to the IJV are considered. We found this algorithm to be reliable in identifying the appropriate vessels in all cases.
Fixed point promotion: taking the induction out of automated induction

Acknowledgements First and foremost, I thank Lawrence Paulson, my supervisor and mentor throughout my thesis. My gratitude also goes to Thomas Mouat, a true master of the language in which I am supposedly a native speaker, who helped me turn this thesis from an unreadable mess into a readable one. My thanks also go to Alan Mycroft, for his innumerable suggestions and advice, both technical and otherwise. Sophia Drossopoulou and Susan Eisenbach deserve their own paragraph (this one) for sending me down this theoretical rabbit hole to begin with. Without them I would not have achieved this PhD position and I am eternally grateful for their advice, encouragement , and the opportunities they gave me, both before and during this project. Another paragraph worthy group of people are Koen Claessen, Moa Johansson, Dan Rosén, and Nick Smallbone. I had a fantastic time visiting their research group in Gothen-burg and their enthusiasm for this research ield is infectious. I left Sweden with a better understanding of their work and a new perspective through which to view my own. I met some incorrigible nerds while at Trinity College, some of whom were quite good company. I would like to thank Janina Voigt in particular, for her support and for showing me that object-oriented programming languages might have some merits. Thank you also to James Lloyd for our nerdy cooking sessions, Stefen Lösch for our nerdy gym sessions, and Richard Fletcher for our nerdy cooking and gym sessions. This work would not have been possible without the inancial support of Trinity College Cambridge's external research studentship program, or the incredible group of people I met while I was a student there.
Nerve Repair Using a Composite Graft of Vein and Denatured Skeletal Muscle: Morphologic Analysis

Five groups of six rats each underwent sciatic resection, bridged with a 20-mm-long graft. Five different types of graft were used: (1) vein; (2) fresh muscle; (3) denatured muscle; (4) vein and fresh muscle; and (5) vein and denatured muscle. Denaturation was obtained by dry thermal shock in a microwave oven. Morphologic analysis took place at 6 months. The macroscopic appearance of the graft was continuous in all type 4 and 5 animals. Morphometric analysis within the graft revealed a significantly greater number of fibers in type 3 animals. Average fiber diameter and g ratio were higher, although not significantly, in type 5 animals. Distal to the graft, average fiber diameter and g ratio were significantly higher in type 5 rats.
Secondary Digital Nerve Repair in the Foot with Resorbable p(DLLA-ε-CL) Nerve Conduits

Nerve guides are increasingly being used in peripheral nerve repair. In the last decade, much preclinical research has been undertaken into a resorbable nerve guide composed of p(DLLA-e -CL). This report describes the results of secondary digital nerve reconstruction in the foot in a patient with post-traumatic neuromas of the common plantar digital nerves II-III and III-IV. The neuromas were resected and reconstruction of the nerves was carried out with resorbable Neurolac 1 nerve guides. The Pressure Speciﬁed Sensory Device TM was used to measure the static (s) and moving (m) 1-and 2-point discrimination (PD). Fourteen months after nerve repair, the m1-PD returned in all digital nerves. The s1-PD returned only on the lateral side of the second toe. The m2-PD and s2-PD did not return in any of the toes originally innervated by the reconstructed nerves. According to the British Classiﬁcation System, the sensory nerve recovery was poor. However, there were no complaints of painful neuromas after this procedure. In conclusion, this report shows no beneﬁcial effects of Neurolac 1 nerve guides in terms of return of sensibility after repair of common plantar digital nerves. Painful neuromas, however, could be well-treated.
Numerical simulations of mixed convection in liquid metal flow within a horizontal pipe with transverse magnetic field

Flow of a liquid metal through a horizontal pipe with imposed transverse horizontal magnetic field and constant-rate heating applied to the lower half of the wall is analyzed using high-resolution numerical simulations. The focus of the study is on the anomalous high-amplitude fluctuations of temperature detected in earlier experiments. An extensive parametric study reveals the effect of the Grashof, Reynolds, and Hartmann numbers on this phenomenon.
Piano acoustics : string’s double polarisation and piano source identification

The objective of this thesis is to improve the understanding of the acoustics of the piano in the context of physically-based sound synthesis. The manuscript is decomposed in three parts, the first two being devoted to the undertsanding of the origin of the double polarisation in piano string, while the third one is dedicated to the identification of sound sources of a complete piano.In the first part, the geometric (large-amplitude) nonlinearity is studied in order to understand if the nonlinear coupling can transfer energy to an initially non excited polarisation, thus leading to the double polarisation phenomenon. A multiple-scaleanalysis is conducted on a Kirchhoff-Carrier string model with fixed boundary conditions at both ends. Each polarisation is restrained to its fundamental mode, leading to two oscillors having nearly equal eigenfrequencies, and thus presenting a 1:1 internal resonance. The existence condition and stability criteria for double polarisation to occur are obtained and validated numerically based on the complete Kirchhoff-Carrier equations, as well as a more enriched third-order string model. Experiments are carried out on a monochord setup where the natural polarisation angles of the string, detuning between the two polarisations and its nonlinear behaviour are observed and identified.The second part is devoted to the string/bridge coupling. The degrees of freedom of the string are coupled to the bridge whose translational and rotational motions are respresented by a set of oscillators. The eigenfrequencies of various coupled systems are analysed. Numerical schemes are proposed and implemented where the string is solved via high-order finite-element method while the lumped bridge is solved analytically and coupled to the string by Lagrange multipliers. Experimentally, the string is strung over a bridge in a zig-zag configuration and excited vertically and horizontally. In both cases, double polarisation and double decay are observed and similar results are also obtained qualitatively in numerical models.The last part is devoted to a quantitative description of the vibroacoustic sources of a Bosendorfer 280VC-9 piano via operational transfer path analysis. The contribution of the soundboard, inner and outer rim, iron frame and lid are investigated in the frequency domain. It is found out that the soundboard is the primary contributor but the iron frame and the lid also play a significant role, especially at high frequencies.
Complexification and integrability in multidimensions

The complexification of the independent variables of nonlinear integrable evolution partial differential equations (PDEs) in two space dimensions, like the celebrated Kadomtsev-Petviashvili and Davey-Stewartson (DS) equations, yields nonlinear integrable equations in genuine 4 + 2, namely, in four real space dimensions (x1, x2, y1, y2) and two real time dimensions (t1, t2), as opposed to two complex space dimensions and one complex time dimension. The associated initial value problem for such equations, namely, the problem where the dependent variables are specified for all space variables at t1 = t2 = 0, can be solved via a non-local d-bar formalism. Here, the details of this formalism for the 4 + 2 DS system are presented. Furthermore, the linearised version of the 3 + 1 reduction of the 4 + 2 DS system is discussed. The construction of the nonlinear 3 + 1 reduction remains open, in spite of the fact that multi-soliton solutions for the 3 + 1 DS system already exist.