Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MATH 310 : Degeneracy and Geometry in the Simplex Method

This project is exploring a bit deeper the study of the simplex method introduced in 1947 by George Dantzig [3] to solve Linear Programming problems. The simplex algorithm has been listed as one of the 10 most influential algorithms of the 20th century. The lecture given in class was sufficient to understand the main lines of the algorithm and its usefulness. However, in practice, some issues arise when we try to implement the method. In particular, the phenomena of degeneracy occur naturally. Moreover, the simplex algorithm appears to have an exponential complexity for some specific problem in the worst case, preventing this method to be completely celebrated as a robust polynomial-time solver for LP. The aim of the project is to introduce the concept of degeneracy and try to give a geometric perspective on it whenever possible. Then some methods to alleviate the problems caused by degeneracy will be introduced : pivot strategy and perturbation method. Finally, we will shortly take a look at the Klee-Minty problem to explain why degeneracy is not really what prevents the simplex method to be robust. The book from Luenberger and Ye [7] has been used as a socle of knowledge in linear programming.
A case of transient left bundle branch block after a cervical wound

247 Journal of Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock I 7:3 I Jul Sept 2014 pain etc., which are often ignored. Since the clinical course of these aneurysms is unpredictable with a possibility of rupture and acute hemodynamic compromise, detection of a HAP warrants a defi nite intervention irrespective of the size or symptoms. [3] The HAP may rupture into the adjacent portal vein system, biliary tract, or even the abdominal cavity depending on its location. The treatment options include surgical resection, endovascular coil embolization, ultrasound-guided thrombin injection, or covered stent implantation. The percutaneous interventions have provided an alternative to open surgical repair, especially in an emergency. Endovascular coil embolization is a safe and effective procedure with no major complications. [4] Since the major vascular supply to the liver is from the portal system, hepatic artery occlusion is unlikely to cause any signifi cant hepatic ischemia. Endovascular stent implantation has also been used. [5] However, since the covered stent grafts have a poor profi le, it may not be easy to deliver them distally in a tortuous vessel, and they are not readily available in all sizes. Coils are, however, commonly available, are inexpensive, and relatively easy to deliver.
Longitudinal and cross-sectional data collection and analysis in the study of crime and delinquency

In response to recent debates about the utility of longitudinal as opposed to cross-sectional designs in the study of crime and delinquency, we examine empirical evidence on the extent to which longitudinal and cross-sectional data may be used interchangeably without altering substantive conclusions. We distinguish between longitudinal or cross-sectional methods of data collection and longitudinal or cross-sectional data, and acknowledge that longitudinal data may be collected by using a cross-sectional method. We examine the extent to which longitudinal data collected cross-sectionally are compatible with longitudinal data collected in a prospective longitudinal design. We then compare correlations and predictive models that use cross-sectional and longitudinal data to study the same substantive problem. We conclude with an examination of the issue of temporal order as a test of competing hypotheses. We find that longitudinal data collected in a cross-sectional design do not consistently produce the same.
Study on Communication Architecture Design of Wide-Area Measurement System

This paper discusses the issues of reliability and real time of information transmission on the communication system of wide-area measurement (CSWAM) from the viewpoint of network architecture. Connectivity and hop count are adopted as the performance indices to build the communication network optimal model that can be satisfied with the requirements of CSWAM. The improved cut saturation algorithm (improved CSA) is used to obtain the optimal network topology in line with network flow and several performance constraints. Under the same conditions, the comparison of the case study showed that it can reduce network costs by nearly 40% with a little deficiency in load balancing compared to the structure of dual directions double ring. It is provided with a new theory basis and is a good reference for the optimal design of network architecture in the CSWAM.
Perceptions of Self, the United States, and Europe

This study examines the personal perceptions and aspirations of 187 students studying at two universities in Syracuse, New York during the spring of 1992. The Cantril Self-Anchoring Striving Scale is used to determine the best and worst possible outcomes for themselves, the United States, and Europe. The evaluations and responses of full- and part-time students attending a private university are compared with those enrolled at a public university. Research results indicate that, although students are most optimistic about their own future and to a lesser extent the future of Europe, they are more pessimistic about the future prospects for the United States. Students' hopes, fears, and ladder ratings are described and compared, and the findings are interpreted from a cognitive dissonance perspective.
Robust Testing of Lifted Codes with Applications to Low-Degree Testing

A local tester for a code probabilistically views a small set of coordinates of a given word and based on this local view accepts code words with probability one while rejecting words far from the code with constant probability. A local tester for a code is said to be "robust" if the local views of the tester are far from acceptable views when the word being tested is far from the code. Robust testability of codes play a fundamental role in constructions of probabilistically checkable proofs where robustness is a critical element in composition. In this work we consider a broad class of codes, called lifted codes, that include codes formed by low-degree polynomials, and show that an almost natural test, extending a low-degree test proposed by Raz and Safra (STOC 1997), is robust. Our result is clean and general -- the robustness of the test depends only on the distance of the code being lifted, and is positive whenever the distance is positive. We use our result to get the first robust low-degree test that works when the degree of the polynomial being tested is more than half the field size. Our results also show that the high-rate codes of Guo et al. (ITCS 2013) are robustly locally testable with sub linear query complexity. Guo et al. Also show several other interesting classes of locally testable codes that can be derived from lifting and our result shows all such codes have robust testers, at the cost of a quadratic blow up in the query complexity of the tester. Of technical interest is an intriguing relationship between tensor product codes and lifted codes that we explore and exploit.
Fashion Consumer Groups, Gender, and Need for Touch

Within the context of consumer motivation theory, the purpose of this research was to investigate how fashion consumer groups and gender are related to need for touch. Differences between individuals high and low in need for touch are consistent with differences between fashion change agents and fashion followers. Participants (101 females; 70 males) from 54 different majors completed demographic information, the Need For Touch (NFT) scale, and the Measure of Fashion Innovativeness and Opinion Leadership. Fashion change agents and females had a greater NFT—total, autotelic and instrumental—than fashion followers and males. Fashion change agents and females scored equally high on autotelic and instrumental dimensions of NFT but fashion followers and males scored higher on the instrumental than the autotelic dimension. Using a diverse sample that included male and female college students from a variety of majors countered limitations of earlier research and provided new insights into the role of need for touch in consumer behavior.
Oncologists' attitudes and practices regarding banking sperm before cancer treatment.

PURPOSE The goal of this study was to survey oncologists in three different practice settings to determine their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding referring patients to bank sperm before cancer treatment. METHODS A postal survey about knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding banking sperm before cancer treatment was sent to 718 oncology staff physicians and fellows at two cancer centers and at sites in a Community Clinical Oncology Program. RESULTS The return rate was 24% and did not differ by institution, oncologic specialty, or sex. Fellows were significantly more likely to participate (37%) than staff physicians (20%). Ninety-one percent of respondents agreed that sperm banking should be offered to all men at risk of infertility as a result of cancer treatment, but 48% either never bring up the topic or mention it to less than a quarter of eligible men. Neither greater knowledge about sperm banking nor seeing large numbers of eligible men yearly increased the likelihood of discussing the option. Barriers cited included lack of time for the discussion, perceived high cost, and lack of convenient facilities. Oncologists reported they would be less likely to offer sperm banking to men who were homosexual, HIV-positive, had a poor prognosis, or had aggressive tumors. Oncologists overestimated the costs of sperm banking and the number of samples needed to make cryopreservation worthwhile. CONCLUSION Sperm banking should be offered as an option to all men at risk of infertility because of their cancer treatment. Clearer practice standards could help oncologists increase their knowledge about sperm banking and avoid dependence on biased patient selection criteria.
The effects of culture conditions on the glycosylation of secreted human placental alkaline phosphatase produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells

The effects of different culture conditions, suspension and microcarrier culture and temperature reduction on the structures of N‐linked glycans attached to secreted human placental alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) were investigated for CHO cells grown in a controlled bioreactor. Both mass spectrometry and anion‐exchange chromatography were used to probe the N‐linked glycan structures and distribution. Complex‐type glycans were the dominant structures with small amounts of high mannose glycans observed in suspension and reduced temperature cultures. Biantennary glycans were the most common structures detected by mass spectrometry, but triantennary and tetraantennary forms were also detected. The amount of sialic acid present was relatively low, approximately 0.4 mol sialic acid/mol SEAP for suspension cultures. Microcarrier cultures exhibited a decrease in productivity compared with suspension culture due to a decrease in both maximum viable cell density (15–20%) and specific productivity (30–50%). In contrast, a biphasic suspension culture in which the temperature was reduced at the beginning of the stationary phase from 37 to 33°C, showed a 7% increase in maximum viable cell density, a 62% increase in integrated viable cell density, and a 133% increase in specific productivity, leading to greater than threefold increase in total productivity. Both microcarrier and reduced temperature cultures showed increased sialylation and decreased fucosylation when compared to suspension culture. Our results highlight the importance of glycoform analysis after process modification as even subtle changes (e.g., changing from one microcarrier to another) may affect glycan distributions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 1178–1192. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design, analysis and performance of zeta converter in renewable energy systems

In this paper zeta converter is used as dc-dc converter which is designed, simulated and analyzed in solar energy system. The complete model of solar energy system is simulated in MATLAB 8.1 using Simulink. This model has solar arrays, zeta converter, inverter and single phase asynchronous motor which is used as a load in this system. Maximum power point tracking algorithm is used to achieve maximum power from photovoltaic array and PID controller is used to control the switching of dc-dc converter.
Solving the Sparsity Problem in Recommender Systems Using Association Retrieval

Recommender systems are being widely applied in many fields, such as e-commerce etc, to provide products, services and information to potential customers. Collaborative filtering as the most successful approach, which recommends contents to the current customers mainly is based on the past transactions and feedback of the similar customer. However, it is difficult to distinguish the similar interests between customers because the sparsity problem is caused by the insufficient number of the transactions and feedback data, which confined the usability of the collaborative filtering. This paper proposed the direct similarity and the indirect similarity between users, and computed the similarity matrix through the relative distance between the user’s rating; using association retrieval technology to explore the transitive associations based on the user’s feedback data, realized a new collaborative filtering approach to alleviate the sparsity problem and improved the quality of the recommendation. In the end, we implemented experiment based on Movielens data set, the experiment results indicated that the proposed approach can effectively alleviate the sparsity problem, have good coverage rate and recommendation quality.
Probabilistic Planning for Multiple Stocks of Financial Markets

In the financial market the decision on when buying or selling stocks is fundamental in order to achieve profit. There are several techniques that can be used to help investors in order to make a decision. One of those is the employment of technical analysis that consists of chart studies concerning the behaviour of stock prices. In this paper we describe our approach for this problem of decision making, which is cast as a planning problem in the presence of uncertainties. We propose the use of Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) for the task of planning the negotiation of stocks on the financial market. The main and desired contribution consist of exploring this type of planning using multiple stocks. The stocks are selected from correlation calculations. The use of multiple stocks provided better results, when compared to other researched strategies.
Specific protein metabolism in identifiable neurons of Aplysia californica.

The patterns of protein metabolism of identified cholinergic (R2, L10, and L11) and neurosecretory (R3–13, R14, and Bag cells) cells were analyzed with the use of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. L11 was unique amongst the three cholinergic neurons in its relatively high rate of incorporation of labeled leucine into proteins at 12,000 daltons. All the neurosecretory cells incorporated relatively large quantities of 3H-leucine into small proteins (<12,000 daltons), which were concentrated in putative neurosecretory granule fractions of these cells. R3–13 and R14 synthesized a distinct basic protein which appeared specifically in the branchial nerve which contains the axons of these cells. The combination of these two analytical electrophoretic techniques allowed for the characterization of protein specificity in single nerve cells.
Effect of magnetic Gd impurities on the superconducting state of amorphous Mo-Ge thin films with different thickness and morphology

We studied the effect of magnetic doping with Gd atoms on the superconducting properties of amorphous Mo70Ge30 films. We observed that in uniform films deposited on amorphous Ge, the pair-breaking strength per impurity strongly decreases with film thickness initially and saturates at a finite value in films with thickness below the spin-orbit scattering length. The variation is likely caused by surface induced magnetic anisotropy and is consistent with the fermionic mechanism of superconductivity suppression. In thin films deposited on SiN the pair-breaking strength becomes zero. Possible reasons for this anomalous response are discussed. The morphological distinctions between the films of the two types were identified using atomic force microscopy with a carbon nanotube tip.
Identification of disease‐associated DNA methylation in intestinal tissues from patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Lin Z, Hegarty JP, Cappel JA, Yu W, Chen X, Faber P, Wang Y, Kelly AA, Poritz LS, Peterson BZ, Schreiber S, Fan J‐B, Koltun WA. Identification of disease‐associated DNA methylation in intestinal tissues from patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Severity of aphasia and recovery after treatment in patients with stroke

Background: Aphasia due to stroke is often very severe immediately after onset. However, knowledge about the impact of severity on therapeutic potential in the first months is scarce. The optimal therapeutic approach for patients with severe aphasia is still subject to debate. Aims: To explore the recovery pattern of verbal communication in stroke patients with aphasia of varying degrees of severity receiving language therapy during the first 6 months poststroke. Methods & Procedures: We used data from our previous trial in which 80 patients with aphasia due to stroke were randomised within the first 3 weeks postonset for either cognitive-linguistic therapy (CLT) or communicative therapy. All patients were tested at baseline and at 3 and 6 months postaphasia onset. We formed three severity groups, based on baseline Amsterdam–Nijmegen Everyday Language Test scores. We used repeated measures ANOVA to compare test scores at baseline and at 3 and 6 months poststroke onset for each of the three severity groups, stratified for the two treatments. Outcomes & Results: Patients with severe or very severe aphasia improved substantially during follow-up, especially during the first 3 months poststroke. Improvement was less pronounced in the moderate to mild group. Although improvement did not differ significantly between the two treatment arms of the trial during the first 6 months poststroke, the very severe group seemed to benefit particularly from CLT (mean difference between treatments was 4.1 points; 95% CI: −4.0 to 12.2). Conclusions: Even in very severely aphasic patients, considerable improvement of functional communication is possible. These patients might benefit more from early initiated CLT therapy than generally assumed. Hence, speech and language therapists should not refrain from applying CLT in the acute phase of rehabilitation of severe aphasia.
A study on an independent steering & driving control algorithm for 6WS/6WD vehicles

Skid-steered vehicles are favored for military use in off-road operations because of their high maneuverability and mobility on extreme terrains and obstacles. There is a trend towards transforming steered tracked vehicles to skid-steered wheel vehicles for high speed at the expense of reduced mobility. Skid-steered vehicles turn by generating different longitudinal forces at the tires due to the application of different torques to the wheels on the opposite side of the vehicle. Conventional vehicles, however, cannot generate an opposite driving force at each side wheel. Using an independent steering and driving system, six-wheel vehicles can show better performance than conventional vehicles. Hybrid steering is a combination of skid steering in the load velocity and the steered wheel system at high speed. This steering enhances maneuverability under low speed and stability at high speed. This paper describes a 6WS/6WD vehicle for hybrid steering in three parts: the Vehicle Model, the Control Algorithm for Hybrid Steering, and a Simulation. First, the vehicle model is an application of the TruckSim software for 6WS and 6WD. Second, the hybrid steering control algorithm describes the optimum tire force distribution method for energy savings. The last is simulation and verification.
Tailored nutrition education: is it really effective?

Abstract Objective There has been a growing interest in tailored nutrition education over the previous decade, with a number of literature reviews suggesting this intervention strategy holds considerable potential. Nevertheless, the majority of intervention trials undertaken to date have employed subjective self-report outcome measures (such as dietary recalls). The aim of the present review is to further consider the likely true effect of tailored nutrition education by assessing the findings of tailored nutrition education intervention trials where objective outcome measures (such as sales data) have been employed. Results Four trials of tailored nutrition education employing objective outcome measures were identified: one was undertaken in eight low-cost supermarkets in New Zealand (2010; n 1104); one was an online intervention trial in Australia (2006; n 497); and two were undertaken in US supermarkets (1997 and 2001; n 105 and 296, respectively). Findings from the high-quality New Zealand trial were negative. Findings from the US trials were also generally negative, although reporting was poor making it difficult to assess quality. Findings from the high-quality online trial were positive, although have limited generalisability for public health. Conclusions Trials employing objective outcome measures strongly suggest tailored nutrition education is not effective as a stand-alone strategy. However, further large, high-quality trials employing objective outcome measures are needed to determine the true effectiveness of this popular nutrition intervention strategy. Regardless, education plays an important role in generating social understanding and acceptance of broader interventions to improve nutrition.
IL-4 prevents insulitis and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in nonobese diabetic mice by potentiation of regulatory T helper-2 cell function.

Beginning at the time of insulitis, nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice demonstrate a thymocyte and peripheral T cell proliferative hyporesponsiveness induced by TCR cross-linking, which is associated with reduced IL-2 and IL-4 secretion. We previously reported that NOD CD4+ T cell hyporesponsiveness is reversed completely in vitro by exogenous IL-4, and that administration of IL-4 to NOD mice prevents the onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). This result suggested that T cell-mediated destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells may result from a hyporesponsiveness in regulatory Th2 cells favoring a Th1 cell-mediated environment in the pancreas. In the present study, we tested this possibility by analysis of the mechanisms of protection from IDDM afforded by IL-4 treatment in NOD mice. We show that IL-4 protects NOD mice from insulitis and IDDM when administered i.p. three times a week for 10 wk beginning at 2 wk of age. This occurs by the modulation of the homing of autoreactive cells to inflammatory sites and the stabilization of a protective Th2-mediated environment in the thymus, spleen, and pancreatic islets. Thus, IL-4 treatment favors the expansion of regulatory CD4+ Th2 cells in vivo and prevents the onset of insulitis and IDDM mediated by autoreactive Th1 cells.