Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduced IL-7R T Cell Expression and Increased Plasma sCD127 in Late Presenting HIV-Infected Individuals

Background: Late presentation of HIV infection is associated with reduced chance of optimal immune recovery after initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Interleukin-7 (IL-7) and the corresponding receptor, IL-7 receptor (IL-7R) made up of CD127 and CD132, are crucial for T cell homeostasis. This study aimed to describe IL-7R and IL-7 before and after initiation of cART in late presenting HIV-infected individuals, and the impact on immune recovery and T cell subset distribution after initiation of cART. Methods: A total of 100 HIV-infected individuals initiating cART were included in a prospective study. Samples were collected at baseline and after 6, 12, and 24 months of cART. Proportion and expression {[median fluorescence intensity (MFI)]} of IL-7R on T cells, and plasma concentrations of soluble CD127 (sCD127) and IL-7 were determined. Results: The IL-7R expression was reduced in late presenters with CD4 cell count <200 cells per microliter compared with nonlate presenters and healthy controls as demonstrated by lower proportion of CD127 + CD132 + T cells and lower CD127 MFI. In contrast, plasma sCD127 was higher. These differences were partly reversed after suppressive cART. Interestingly, the CD127 MFI on CD4+ T cells was found to be a predictor of increased thymic output after 24 months of suppressive cART. Conclusions: Severely altered IL-7R expression was found in late presenters, and associations between IL-7R expression and thymic output after 24 months of suppressive cART indicate an impact of a IL-7 response for the long term de novo production from thymus.
The effects of conflict role and intensity on preschoolers’ expectations about peer conflict

Using a puppet procedure depicting hypothetical conflict involving the participant and a peer, 96 preschoolers’ (48 boys and 48 girls; M 1/4 5.14 years, SD 1/4 0.78 years) expectations about peer conflict were assessed as a function of their role in the conflict (i.e., initiator of or responder to initial provocation) and the intensity level of the conflict. Initiators of conflict expected less conflict escalation and subsequent problems with the same peer from the conflict than did responders, particularly following low-intensity conflict. Findings also indicated that, for low-intensity but not high-intensity conflict, girls expected the same peer to provoke them during a subsequent interaction more often than did boys. Results provide further support for assessing preschoolers’ understanding of conflict and are consistent with previous work demonstrating a self-serving bias in young children’s perceptions and reports of their conflicts with other children. Moreover, findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the development of peer relations.
Play and Communication in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

The association between object play and intentional communication was examined in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Meta-analysis of concurrent and longitudinal correlational studies revealed significant associations between object play and intentional communication in young children with ASD. One well-conducted and internally valid, randomized, controlled trial suggests a bidirectional causal relationship between object play and intentional communication. Further experiments are needed to replicate these findings and test a play-as-stronger-cause hypothesis. Findings of the review have implications for development and implementation of effective interventions for young children with ASD when communication is the target and play serves as the context for intervention strategies. One model for conceptualization of treatment is proposed.
Redefining Parental Involvement: Lessons From High-Performing Migrant-Impacted Schools

Migrants are one of the most academically vulnerable groups in the United States, constantly faced with economic, health, and work-related problems that translate into lower academic achievement and higher dropout rates. These hardships make it difficult for schools to effectively negotiate the parental involvement terrain and promote academic success for this group. Because of the paucity of literature on effective parental involvement practices for migrants, we sought to fill this gap in the literature. Using a qualitative approach, interviews and observations were conducted in four effective migrant-impacted school districts throughout a 5-month period. Findings suggest these schools were successful at involving parents because they aimed to meet parental needs above all other involvement considerations. In other words, schools were successful not because they subscribed to a particular definition of involvement, but because they held themselves accountable to meet the multiple needs of migrant parents on a daily and ongoing basis.
Reasoning and Problem Solving

In this chapter we present what is known about reasoning and problem solving, what is currently being done, and in what directions future conceptualizations, research, and practice are likely to proceed in the psychological literature. In our discussion, we attempt to clarify the distinction between reasoning and problem solving, present major theories of reasoning and problem solving, and emphasize the importance of background knowledge in both of these forms of thinking. In discussing the importance of knowledge in reasoning, for example, we offer evidence from studies of expert problem solving that illustrate the importance of background knowledge in facilitating the selection of strategies for successful performance. Moreover, we identify a recurring challenge for theories of reasoning and problem solving, namely, the frame problem (Dennett, 1990; Fodor, 1983). The frame problem involves deciding which beliefs from a multitude of different beliefs to consider when solving a task or when updating beliefs after an action has occurred. Finally, we conclude by suggesting that successful reasoning might be akin to expert problem solving—an iterative and systematic process of pattern detection and classification. Connectionist models can provide an avenue for investigating such a pattern classification account of reasoning. Keywords: cognitive architecture; knowledge; problem solving; reasoning; representation; strategies
Application of AHP Fuzzy Preference Programming to Evaluate Environmental Externality of Emission Sources

Based on environmental economics literature review and in-depth analyses, this paper identified five rules to evaluate environmental externality of emission sources, which are current environmental condition, amount of people injured, economic development level, physical geography characters, and natural scenery and cultural heritage. Under the framework of analytic hierarchy process (AHP), this paper presented a method to evaluate the priorities of several emission sources by combing with fuzzy preference programming. Numerical example shows that emission source’s environmental externality can be valued by the AHP fuzzy preference programming, and the application of this method is beneficial to administrative management and the construction of emission trading system. Keywordsanalytic hierarchy process (AHP); emission source; environmental externality; fuzzy preference programming
The relation between hyperglycemia and outcomes in 2,471 patients admitted to the hospital with community-acquired pneumonia.

OBJECTIVE To examine whether hyperglycemia at the time of presentation was associated with outcomes in patients admitted to non-intensive care settings with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Prospective cohort study of consecutive patients admitted to six hospitals between 15 November 2000 and 14 November 2002. RESULTS Of the 2,471 patients in this study (median age 75 years), 279 (11%) had serum glucose at presentation >11 mmol/l: 178 of the 401 patients (44%) with a prior diagnosis of diabetes and 101 of the 2,070 patients (5%) without a history of diabetes. Of patients hospitalized with CAP, 9% died and 23% suffered an in-hospital complication. Compared with those with values < or =11 mmol/l, patients with an admission glucose >11 mmol/l had an increased risk of death (13 vs. 9%, P = 0.03) and in-hospital complications (29 vs. 22%, P = 0.01). Compared with those patients with admission glucose < or =6.1 mmol/l, the mortality risk was 73% higher (95% CI 12-168%) and the in-hospital complication risk was 52% higher (12-108%) in patients with admission glucose >11 mmol/l. Even after adjustment for factors in the Pneumonia Severity Index, hyperglycemia on admission remained significantly associated with subsequent adverse outcomes: for each 1-mmol/l increase, risk of in-hospital complications increased 3% (0.2-6%). CONCLUSIONS Hyperglycemia on admission is independently associated with adverse outcomes in patients with CAP, with the increased risks evident at lower glucose levels than previously reported.
Evanescent-mode phase-injection mode-coupled (EMPIMC) metamaterial resonator based tunable signal sources

A novel EMPIMC (evanescent-mode phase-injection mode-coupled metamaterial resonator) based tunable signal sources is discussed for the applications in portable and test & measurement equipment applications. The reported paper features tunable multi-band oscillators with significantly reduced size and power consumption compared to separate oscillators for use in multiple bands, multi-mode wireless communication systems. With the development of the MMIC fabrication techniques and the broad application of this artificial material, metamaterial technology is a promising alternative to high frequency planar VCO solutions for current and later generation radio communication systems.
Scene coherence can affect the local response to natural images in human V1

Neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) can be indirectly affected by visual stimulation positioned outside their receptive fields. Although this contextual modulation has been intensely studied, we have little notion of how it manifests with naturalistic stimulation. Here, we investigated how the V1 response to a natural image fragment is affected by spatial context that is consistent or inconsistent with the scene from which it was extracted. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging at 7 T, we measured the blood oxygen level‐dependent signal in human V1 (n = 8) while participants viewed an array of apertures. Most apertures showed fragments from a single scene, yielding a dominant perceptual interpretation which participants were asked to categorize, and the remaining apertures each showed fragments drawn from a set of 20 scenes. We find that the V1 response was significantly increased for apertures showing image structure that was coherent with the dominant scene relative to the response to the same image structure when it was non‐coherent. Additional analyses suggest that this effect was mostly evident for apertures in the periphery of the visual field, that it peaked towards the centre of the aperture, and that it peaked in the middle to superficial regions of the cortical grey matter. These findings suggest that knowledge of typical spatial relationships is embedded in the circuitry of contextual modulation. Such mechanisms, possibly augmented by contributions from attentional factors, serve to increase the local V1 activity under conditions of contextual consistency.
Modified Weaver-Dunn procedure for acromioclavicular joint dislocations.

The majority of acromioclavicular joint injuries result from direct trauma to the shoulder. The magnitude of applied force determines the degree of injury. This article presents a modified Weaver-Dunn procedure consisting of lateral clavicle resection and reduction, coracoclavicular fixation with suture or surgical tape, and coracoacromial ligament transfer for the treatment of these injuries.
Respect and Cooperation in Social Dilemmas: The Importance of Feeling Included

The present research examined the effect of respect communicated by fellow group members on one’s willingness to contribute to the group’s welfare. Based on the procedural justice literature, it was expected that respect would communicate important relational information, consequently enhancing people’s motivation to promote the group’s welfare. Using a public good dilemma, it was found that respect indeed motivated group members to contribute more to the group’s welfare and that this was most pronounced among group members who felt least included (i.e., peripheral members) relative to group members who felt included (i.e., core members). These findings illustrate the importance of decision makers’ concerns about viable and positive intragroup relationships in their decision to cooperate or not.
Stress, risk, and resilience in children and adolescents: Processes, mechanisms, and interventions.

Dedication Preface Robert Haggerty and Lonnie Sherrod 1. A triad for our times: stress, risk, and resilience Norman Garmezy 2. Context and process in research on risk and resilience Susan Gore and John Eckenrode 3. Parental divorce and children's well being: a focus on resilience Robert Emery and Rex Forehand 4. Mechanisms and processes of adolescent bereavement David Clark, Robert Pynoos, and Ann Goebel 5. Risk, resilience, and development: the multiple ecologies of black adolescents in the United States Saundra Murray Nettles and Joseph Pleck 6. The stress-illness association in children: a perspective from the biobehavioral interface Ronald Barr, W. Thomas Boyce, and Lonnie Zeltzer 7. Child and adolescent depression: covariation and comorbidity in development Bruce Compas and Constance Hammon 8. The school-based promotion of social competence: theory, research, practice, and policy Maurice Elias and Roger Weissberg 9. Intervention research: lessons from research on children with chronic disorders I. Barry Pless and Ruth E. K. Stein 10. Stress research: accomplishments and tasks ahead Michael Rutter .
k-anonymity based framework for privacy preserving data collection in wireless sensor networks

In this paper, k-anonymity notion is adopted to be used in wireless sensor networks (WSN) as a security framework with two levels of privacy. A base level of privacy is provided for the data shared with semi- trusted sink and a deeper level of privacy is provided against eavesdroppers. In the proposed method, some portions of data are encrypted and the rest is generalized. Generalization shortens the size of the data transmitted in the network causing energy saving at the cost of information loss. On the other hand, encryption provides anonymization with no information loss and without saving energy. Thus, there is a tradeoff between information loss and energy saving. In our system, this tradeoff is intelligently managed by a system parameter, which adjusts the amount of data portions to be encrypted. We use a method based on bottom up clustering that chooses the data portions to be encrypted among the ones that cause maximum information loss when generalized. In this way, a high degree of energy saving is realized within the given limits of information loss. Our analysis shows that the proposed method achieves the desired privacy levels with low information loss and with considerable energy saving.
An Integrated Approach for Relation Extraction from Wikipedia Texts

Linguistic-based methods and web mining-based methods are two types of leading methods for semantic relation extraction task. By integrating linguistic analysis with frequent Web information, this paper presents an unsupervised relation extraction approach, for discovering and enhancing relations in which a specified concept participates. We focus on concepts described in Wikipedia articles. By making use of the characteristics of Wikipedia and Web corpus, we define a novel distance function and develop a linear clustering algorithm on the combination of two kinds of patterns: dependency patterns from dependency analysis of texts in Wikipedia, surface patterns generated from high redundant information from the Web corpus. The experiments on two different domains demonstrate the superiority of our approach comparing with previous method. In essence, our approach shows how deep linguistic features contribute complementally with Web surface features to generate a broad variety of relations.
Seasonal dynamics and toxicity of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in Lake Guiers (Senegal, West Africa).

Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii is a toxic bloom-forming cyanobacterium that occurs at tropical and temperate latitudes. Despite several reports from Africa, no data were previously available about its dynamics or toxic potential there. We therefore carried out a 1-year survey of the dynamics of C. raciborskii in the main water reservoir in Senegal, Lake Guiers. Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii never formed a bloom in this lake during the period studied, but was dominant during the dry season. The only observed bloom-forming species was a diatom, Fragilaria sp. , which displayed a seasonal pattern contrary to that exhibited by C. raciborskii. Principal component analysis applied to environmental and phytoplankton data showed that high C. raciborskii biomasses were mainly related to high temperature and water column stability. Tests for C. raciborskii species-related toxicity and/or toxin synthesis were performed on 21 isolated clones. All the strains isolated tested negative in mouse toxicity bioassays, toxin analysis (MS/MS) and tests for known cylindrospermopsin genes (ps, pks). The limited number of isolates studied, and the occurrence of toxic and nontoxic clones in natural cyanobacterial populations, mean that we cannot conclude that there is no C. raciborskii-associated health risk in this drinking water reservoir.
Strong-Field Gravity and X-Ray Observations of 4U 1820–30

The behavior of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) at frequencies near 1 kHz in the X-ray emission from the neutron star X-ray binary 4U 1820-30 has been interpreted as evidence for the existence of the marginally stable orbit, a key prediction of strong-field general relativity. The signature of the marginally stable orbit is a saturation in QPO frequency (assumed to track inner disk radius) versus mass accretion rate. Previous studies of 4U 1820-30 have used X-ray count rate as an indicator of mass accretion rate. However, X-ray count rate is known to not correlate robustly with mass accretion rate or QPO frequency in other sources. Here, we examine the QPO frequency dependence on two other indicators of mass accretion rate: energy flux and X-ray spectral shape. Using either of these indicators, we find that the QPO frequency saturates at high mass accretion rates. We interpret this as strong evidence for the existence of the marginally stable orbit.
The Arab Spring As Meta-Event and Communicative Spaces

The uprisings in the Middle East and North Africa, immediately labeled “the Arab Spring,” are best described as processes rather than outcomes. Despite being a common area of media focus due to decades-long geopolitics, the Arab Spring, as a mediatized meta-event, has led to the reemergence of the region as a discursive territory. The communicative spaces that opened up during and in the aftermath of the uprisings allowed for a multiplicity of topics to reenter public discourse across local, national, and transnational scales. In the process, seasoned debates such as religious sectarianism and democratic institutionalization gained magnitude. More specific debates such as Turkey’s role as a model/antimodel added new discursive aspects to the multitopic ensemble. The purpose of this article is to reflect on the communicative and scalar dimensions in the mediation of the Arab Spring by way of taking the debates on Turkey as a case in point.
HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF THE NARROW-LINE REGION IN NEARBY LOW-LUMINOSITY ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI

We present Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph observations of 14 nearby low-luminosity active galactic nuclei, including 13 LINERs and 1 Seyfert, taken at multiple parallel slit positions centered on the galaxy nuclei and covering the Hα spectral region. For each galaxy, we measure the emission-line velocities, line widths, and strengths to map out the inner narrow-line region structure—typically within ∼100 pc from the galaxy nucleus. There is a wide diversity among the velocity fields: in a few galaxies the gas is clearly in disk-like rotation, while in other galaxies the gas kinematics either appear chaotic or are dominated by radial flows with multiple velocity components. In most objects, the emission-line surface brightness distribution is very centrally peaked. The [S ii] line ratio indicates a radial stratification in gas density, with a sharp increase within the inner 10–20 pc, in the majority of the Type 1 (broad-lined) objects. The electron-density gradients of the Type 1 objects exhibit a similar shape that is well fit by a power law of the form ne = n0(r/1 pc)α, where α = −0.60 ± 0.13. We examine how the [N ii] λ6583 line width varies as a function of the aperture size over a range of spatial scales, extending from scales comparable to the black hole's sphere of influence to scales dominated by the host galaxy's bulge. For most galaxies in the sample, we find that the emission-line velocity dispersion is largest within the black hole's gravitational sphere of influence, and decreases with increasing aperture size toward values similar to the bulge stellar velocity dispersion measured within ground-based apertures. We construct models of gas disks in circular rotation and show that this behavior can be consistent with virial motion, although for some combinations of disk parameters we show that the line width can increase as a function of aperture size, as observed in NGC 3245. Future dynamical modeling to determine black hole masses for a few objects in this sample may be worthwhile, although disorganized motion will limit the accuracy of the mass measurements.
Development of the interaural cross-correlation coefficient into a more complete auditory width prediction model

Auditory width measurements based on the interaural cross-correlation coefficient (IACC) are often used in the field of concert hall acoustics. However, there are a number of problems with such measurements, including large variations around the centre of a room and a limited range of values at low frequencies. This paper explores how some of these problems can be solved by applying the IACC in a more perceptually valid manner and using it as part of a more complete hearing model. It is proposed that measurements based on the IACC may match the perceived width of stimuli more accurately if a source signal is measured rather than an impulse response, and when factors such as frequency and loudness are taken into account. Further developments are considered, including methods to integrate the results calculated in different frequency bands, and the temporal response of spatial perception
EVIDENCE AGAINST A CORRELATION BETWEEN EASE OF USE AND ACTUAL USE OF A DEVICE IN A WALK- IN VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT

Technology acceptance and its use are assumed to be based on the perceived usefulness and ease of use of the technology. We studied one aspect of that by focusing on a possible correlation between the actual use of a device and its perceived ease of use. For studying technology that is new to users, we investigated the use of a locomotion control device in a walk-in virtual environment. We organized a user test in which participants browsed virtual shopping items by walking or by controlling locomotion with a device. Data were gathered in two ways: First, we observed their actual device use, and second, we asked users to evaluate the ease of use of the device. The analysis illustrates that there is no correlation between the actual use and ease of use of the device.