Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geometrically designed, variable knot regression splines: variation diminish optimality of knots

A new method for Computer Aided Geometric Design of variable knot regression splines, named GeDS, has recently been introduced by Kaishev et al. (2006). The method utilizes the close geometric relationship between a spline regression function and its control polygon, with vertices whose y-coordinates are the regression coefficients and whose x-coordinates are certain averages of the knots, known as the Greville sites. The method involves two stages, A and B. In stage A, a linear LS spline fit to the data is constructed, and viewed as the initial position of the control polygon of a higher order (n > 2) smooth spline curve. In stage B, the optimal set of knots of this higher order spline curve is found, so that its control polygon is as close to the initial polygon of stage A as possible, and finally the LS estimates of the regression coefficients of this curve are found. In Kaishev et al. (2006) the implementation of stage A has been thoroughly addressed and the pointwise asymptotic properties of the GeD spline estimator have been explored and used to construct asymptotic confidence intervals. In this paper, the focus of the attention is at giving further insight into the optimality properties of the knots of the higher order spline curve, obtained in stage B so that it is nearly a variation diminishing (shape preserving) spline approximation to the linear fit of stage A. Error bounds for this approximation are derived. Extensive numerical examples are provided, illustrating the performance of GeDS and the quality of the resulting LS spline fits. The GeDS estimator is compared with other existing variable knot spline methods and smoothing techniques and is shown to perform very well, producing nearly optimal spline regression models. It is fast and numerically efficient, since no deterministic or stochastic knot insertion/deletion and relocation search strategies are involved.
Facial Expression Recognition Based on the Texture Features of Global Principal Component and Local Boundary

Facial expression recognition is a key ingredient to either emotion analysis or pattern recognition, which is also an important component in human-machine interaction. In facial expression analysis, one of the well-known methods to obtain the texture of expressions is local binary patterns (LBP) which compares pixels in local region and encodes the comparison result in forms of histogram. However, we argue that the textures of expressions are not accurate and still contain some irrelevant information, especially in the region between eyes and mouth. In this paper, we propose a compound method to recognize expressions by applying local binary patterns to global and local images processed by bidirectional principal component analysis (BDPCA) reconstruction and morphologic preprocess, respectively. It proves that our method can be applied for recognizing expressions by using texture features of global principal component and local boundary and achieves a considerable high accuracy.
Operation Strategy of EV Aggregators Considering EV Driving Model and Distribution System Operation in Integrated Power and Transportation Systems

Recently, the penetration of electric vehicle (EV) has increased, and several motor companies have declared a paradigm shift to EVs. However, most existing studies focusing on EV charging scheduling in power system operations neglect the integrated operation of transportation and distribution systems. Because EVs affect both systems, it is necessary to consider the grid operation and the individual EV’s preferences (charging cost and time) simultaneously. In this study, an integrated power-transportation system structure and operation algorithms are developed to analyze the impact of EVs on the distribution system. In addition, this study proposes an optimal EV driving model that consists of two driving patterns: routine driving and long-distance driving. For routine driving patterns, the Markov chain model is implemented considering the mileage and conditions of individual EVs. Subsequently, long-distance driving patterns are developed to select the optimal route through reinforcement learning. In addition, the EV aggregator structure of EV charging stations can effectively predict local charge demands and perform charge control in real-time. An integrated power-transportation system is developed using the IEEE RBTS system and the integrated system architecture and algorithms are developed using MATLAB. It utilizes the ACOPPF function of MATPOWER to evaluate systematic stability and derive DLMP (Distributed Locational Marginal Price). This study conducts performance verification in various scenarios, confirming the effect of charging control of EV aggregators considering system stability, loss reduction, and cost reduction of the entire system.
A Transparent Photodetector Based on a Composite of Silver and Tungsten Oxide Nanowires

This work presents the development of a transparent photodetector (PD) based on a composite of tungsten trioxide (WO3) and silver nanowires (Ag NWs). A uniform transparent conducting film with a resistance of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$64 \Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and a transparency of 89% (at 550 nm) is obtained via spin coating followed by annealing at 120 °C. The device exhibits negative photoconductance, which can be attributed to the Schottky junction formation at the silver and tungsten oxide interface. The device shows a sensitivity of 25.6 mAW<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and detectivity of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.38\times 10^{8}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Jones at a low bias voltage of 1 V at room temperature. The low annealing temperature makes the composite compatible with conventional flexible substrates.
E-Modul IPAS Berbasis Aplikasi Flip Pdf Corporate Untuk Mendukung Implementasi “Kurikulum Merdeka” di Sekolah Dasar

This research is motivated by the lack of interest in the teaching materials used in elementary schools. The aim of the research is to produce valid and practical e-modules using Corporate Flip Pdf in supporting the successful implementation of the "Independence Curriculum" in Elementary School classes. This type of research is development research (R&D) with the ADDIE model with the stages of analysis, planning, development, implementation and evaluation. The usefulness of digital modules is validated by validity tests and e-module practicality tests. Validity data sourced from learning material experts 79.09%, media experts 87.99%, language experts 90%, and expert practitioners by "driving teachers" 92%. The average validation score is 87.46% with a very valid category. The practicality test was obtained through a questionnaire given to teachers at 93.75% and students at 97.28%. The average practicality test result is 95.52% in the very practical category. Thus, the results of the study show that the e-module that has been developed using Flip Pdf Corporate is very feasible and practical to use in elementary schools.
Non‐homogeneous infinitely many sites discrete‐time model with exact coalescent

Kingman's coalescent is among the most fertile concepts in mathematical population genetics. However, it only approximates the exact coalescent process associated with the Wright–Fisher model, in which the ancestry of a sample does not have to be a binary tree. The distinction between the approximate and exact coalescent becomes important when population size is small and time has to be measured in discrete units (generations). In the present paper, we explore the exact coalescent, with mutations following the infinitely many sites model. The methods used involve random point processes and generating functionals. This allows obtaining joint distributions of segregating sites in arbitrary intervals or collections of intervals, and generally in arbitrary Borel subsets of two or more chromosomes. Using this framework it is possible to find the moments of the numbers of segregating sites on pairs of chromosomes, as well as the moments of the average of the number of pairwise differences, in the form that is more general than usually. In addition, we demonstrate limit properties of the first two moments under a range of demographic scenarios, including different patterns of population growth. This latter part complements results obtained earlier for Kingman's coalescent. Finally, we discuss various applications, including the analysis of fluctuation experiments, from which mutation rates of biological cells can be inferred. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palatability and Acceptability of Flaxseed-Supplemented Foods in Children with Sickle Cell Disease

Omega-3 fatty acids (w3FAs) have demonstrated benefits in several inflammatory disease states; however, limited research has been conducted in sickle cell disease (SCD). While marine-based w3FAs are used, their strong odor and taste are a barrier to long-term use. Plant-based sources, especially those in whole foods, may circumvent this barrier. We tested whether flaxseed (rich source of w3FAs) was acceptable to children with SCD. A cross-sectional tasting trial of flaxseed added to baked products (cookies, pancakes, brownies) or to readily available foods (applesauce, pudding, yogurt) was conducted among 30 children (median age = 13 years) reporting to a clinic for routine follow-up, sick visits, or transfusion for SCD to determine acceptability. A food preference rank scale (1–7) was used to rank products based on taste, sight, smell, and texture. An average score for each product was computed. Children were also asked to rank their top three products. The top-ranked products were flaxseed baked in brownies and cookies and ground flaxseed added to yogurt. More than 80% of participants indicated willingness to be contacted for a follow-up study in which a flaxseed-supplemented diet would be evaluated for mitigation of SCD-associated pain. In conclusion, flaxseed-enriched products are palatable and acceptable in children with SCD.
Micro-ring resonators fabricated by focused-ion-beam on SOI

We present the fabrication of high Q factor micro-ring resonators on SOI substrate by directly focused-ion-beam (FIB) milling. Micro-ring resonators with diameters of 10 μm and 80 μm are fabricated and their corresponding intrinsic Q factors are 4,000 and 130,000, respectively.
An Idealized Nonlinear Model of the Northern Hemisphere Winter Storm Tracks

Abstract In this paper, a nonlinear dry model, forced by fixed radiative forcing alone, has been constructed to simulate the Northern Hemisphere winter storm tracks. A procedure has been devised to iterate the radiative equilibrium temperature profile such that at the end of the iterations the model climate closely resembles the desired target climate. This iterative approach is applied to simulate the climatological storm tracks in January. It is found that, when the three-dimensional temperature distribution in the model resembles the observed distribution, the model storm tracks are much too weak. It is hypothesized that this is due to the fact that eddy development is suppressed in a dry atmosphere, owing to the lack of latent heat release in the ascending warm air. To obtain storm tracks with realistic amplitudes, the static stability of the target climate is reduced to simulate the enhancement in baroclinic energy conversion due to latent heat release. With this modification, the storm tracks in the.
Simulation Study of the Protective Effect of Drugs in Acute Myocardial Ischemia

Increased extracellular potassium concentration (hyperkalemia) and electrical alternans in the action potential (AP) have been shown experimentally to be highly proarrhythmic during the acute phase of myocardial ischemia (AMI), which is a leading cause of death worldwide. However, there is no drug specifically designed to effectively address the electrophysiological and arrhythmogenic consequences of AMI In this work, computational simulations have been used to study the efficacy of 95 drugs against arrhythmias of ischemic origin. A modified version of the O'Hara et al. computational model has been used to simulate the AMI and the effect of the drug at the cellular level. After defining a series of biomarkers and classification criteria, the results indicate that such classification is possible and Nitrendipine is determined as the most promising drug, standing out for its ability to establish hyperkalemic and electrical conditions compatible with an anti-arrhythmic tendency in all the biomarkers defined. In conclusion, the work demonstrates the feasibility of in-silico experiments to perform a classification capable of minimizing the vulnerability to arrhythmias in AMI.
Multichannel Bed Based Ballistocardiography Heart Rate Estimation Using Continuous Wavelet Transforms and Autocorrelation

Bed based ballistocardiography (BCG) is a prime candidate for at home and nighttime monitoring especially in the growing elderly population because co-operation from the user is not required to be able to record signals. One issue with BCG is that the signal quality has intra-and inter-person variability based on factors such as age, gender, body position, and motion artifacts, making it challenging to accurately measure heart rate. A rule-based algorithm which considers all eight available BCG channels simultaneously from a given time epoch was developed using continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to extract the localized time-frequency representation of each epoch and then an averaging method was applied across the different scales of the CWT to produce a 1-dimensional array. Autocorrelation was then applied to this array to produce a heart rate estimate based on the lag between the autocorrelation maximum and the first side peak. This method does not require identification of individual heart beats to estimate heart rate and does not require annotated training data. This model produces an average mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.09 bpm across 40 subjects when compared to heart rate derived from ECG. This method produces competitive results without the need for annotated training data, which can be challenging to collect.
Fabrication of crystalline organic waveguides with an exceptionally large electro-optic coefficient

Single-crystal optical waveguides of 4-dimethylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST), an organic material with a large electro-optic coefficient, have been obtained. DAST decomposes at its melting temperature, making its growth from the melt difficult. However, graphoepitaxy allows for >1 mm s−1 growth, 1×105 times faster than conventional techniques, and produces crystals of the correct dimensions for optical waveguides, 1–15 μm on a side and 5–10 mm long. The crystals grow with the c-axis normal to the substrate, and with in-plane orientation determined by lithographic patterning. The electro-optic coefficient dn/dE is 600±300 pm V−1 at 1.55 μm wavelength. Optical losses are <10 dB cm−1.
Effect of Sinapic Acid on Scopolamine-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment in SD Rats

The seriousness of the diseases caused by aging have recently gained attention. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a chronic neurodegenerative disease, accounts for 60–80% of senile dementia cases. Continuous research is being conducted on the cause of Alzheimer’s disease, and it is believed to include complex factors, such as genetic factors, the accumulation of amyloid beta plaques, a tangle of tau protein, oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and cell death. Sinapic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid found in plant families, such as oranges, grapefruit, cranberry, mustard seeds, and rapeseeds. It exhibits various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-depressant effects. Sinapic acid is an acetylcholine esterase inhibitor that can be applied to the treatment of dementia caused by Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. However, electrophysiological studies on the effects of sinapic acid on memory and learning must still be conducted. Therefore, it was confirmed that sinapic acid was effective in long-term potentiation (LTP) using organotypic hippocampal segment tissue. In addition, the effect on scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment was measured by oral administration of sinapic acid 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days, and behavioral experiments related to short-term and long-term spatial memory and avoidance memory were conducted. Sinapic acid increased the activity of the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) in a dose-dependent manner after TBS, and restored fEPSP activity in the CA1 region suppressed by scopolamine. The scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment group showed lower results than the control group in the Y-maze, Passive avoidance (PA), and Morris water maze (MWM) experiments. Sinapic acid improved avoidance memory, short and long-term spatial recognition learning, and memory. In addition, sinapic acid weakened the inhibition of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) and the activation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) induced by scopolamine in the hippocampus. These results show that sinapic acid is effective in restoring LTP and cognitive impairment induced by the cholinergic receptor blockade. Moreover, it showed the effect of alleviating the reduction in scopolamine-induced BDNF and TrkB, and alleviated neuroinflammatory effects by inhibiting the increase in COX-2 and IL-1β. Therefore, we showed that sinapic acid has potential as a treatment for neurodegenerative cognitive impairment.
Fibrosis Reduces the Coincidence of Repetitive Activation Patterns between the Coronary Sinus and Atrial Regions in Simulated Atrial Fibrillation

Repetitive Atrial Activation Patterns (RAAPs) detected in the coronary sinus (CS) during atrial fibrillation (AF) may represent a reference to construct composite maps of coincident local RAAPs elsewhere in the atria, potentially improving the identification of AF drivers. RAAP coincidence may however depend on AF complexity and may be affected by structural remodeling. Using computer simulations, we investigated coincidence and coupling of RAAPs in the CS and other regions in the atria, in the absence and presence of fibrosis. In our models, the CS displayed highly repetitive behavior unaffected by fibrosis. RAAP coincidence and coupling of other regions in the atria with the CS was high in the absence of fibrosis, but significantly decreased in the presence of fibrosis, most notably in the left atrium. In coincident RAAPs in the CS and atrial regions, quantification of the degree of RAAP coupling is required to provide further confirmation of the validity of employing CS electrograms as a reference for composite RAAPs maps.
Robust fault reconstruction via learning observers in linear parameter-varying systems subject to loss of actuator effectiveness

In this study, the problem of robust fault reconstruction in polytopic linear parameter-varying systems, subject to loss of actuator effectiveness and external disturbances, is investigated using a learning observer (LO). A polytopic LO is proposed to achieve system state estimation and actuator fault reconstruction at the same time. The proposed LO is sensitive to incipient faults because no chattering is induced. Both constant and time-varying faults can be accurately reconstructed and detected. Moreover, simultaneous fault reconstruction and detection can be performed using a single LO because the reconstructed fault signal can be employed as a fault alarm. The stability and convergence of polytopic LO and the uniformly ultimately boundedness of the dynamic error system is proved using Lyapunov stability theory and H ∞ techniques. A systematic design of the LO is effectively solved using standard linear-matrix-inequality techniques. At last, simulation results on a satellite system for attitude control verify the effectiveness of the proposed fault-reconstruction approach.
A Fast Fault-Identification Algorithm Tailored for Optical Interconnection Networks in High-Performance Computers

Due to integrated positive features of both hypercube and tori, optical multi-mesh hypercube (OMMH) networks in high-performance computers are regarded as a class of promising optical inter-connection networks. This paper firstly derive that the diagnosability of OMMH under the pessimistic strategy is (2n+6)/(2n+6), which shows that the OMMH possesses strong self-diagnosingability. With the improved cycle decomposition method by Yang in J. Parall. Distrib. Comput. [10], a fast diagnosis algorithm to identify all faulty nodes tailored for OMMH, which runs in O(Nlog2N) time is also proposed, where N is the number of the processors of an OMMH.
Do different robot appearances change emotion recognition in children with ASD?

Introduction Socially Assistive Robotics has emerged as a potential tool for rehabilitating cognitive and developmental disorders in children with autism. Social robots found in the literature are often able to teach critical social skills, such as emotion recognition and physical interaction. Even though there are promising results in clinical studies, there is a lack of guidelines on selecting the appropriate robot and how to design and implement the child-robot interaction. Methods This work aims to evaluate the impacts of a social robot designed with three different appearances according to the results of a participatory design (PD) process with the community. A validation study in the emotion recognition task was carried out with 21 children with autism. Results Spectrum disorder results showed that robot-like appearances reached a higher percentage of children's attention and that participants performed better when recognizing simple emotions, such as happiness and sadness. Discussion This study offers empirical support for continuing research on using SAR to promote social interaction with children with ASD. Further long-term research will help to identify the differences between high and low-functioning children.
Conditions for Identification in Nonparametric and Parametic Models

It is argued that most econometric models are nonparametric and that parameterizations should typicall y be viewed as approximations made for purposes of estimation. These parameterizations should not be used to judge identification when the y are not a precise representation of prior information. Identificati on in a nonparametric context is defined and theorems are developed t hat aid in judging the identifiability of both nonparametric and para metric models. Examples are given that illustrate the usefulness of t hese results for determining sources of identification. Copyright 1988 by The Econometric Society.
Germanium doping of self-assembled GaN nanowires grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy

Germanium doping of GaN nanowires grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on Si(111) substrates is studied. Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements reveal a constant Ge-concentration along the growth axis. A linear relationship between the applied Ge-flux and the resulting ensemble Ge-concentration with a maximum content of 3.3×1020 cm−3 is extracted from energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements and confirmed by a systematic increase of the conductivity with Ge-concentration in single nanowire measurements. Photoluminescence analysis of nanowire ensembles and single nanowires reveals an exciton localization energy of 9.5 meV at the neutral Ge-donor. A Ge-related emission band at energies above 3.475 eV is found that is assigned to a Burstein-Moss shift of the excitonic emission.