Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NetSerf: using semantic knowledge to find Internet information archives

Haase This paper describes the architecture, implementation and evaluation of NetSerf, a program for finding information archives on the Internet using natural language queries. NetSerf’s query processor extracts structured, disambiguated representations from the queries. The query representations are matched to hand-coded representations of the archives using semantic knowledge from WordNet (a semantic thesaurus) and an on-line Webster’s dictionary. NetSerf has been tested using a set of questions and answers developed independently for a game called Internet Hunt. The paper presents results comparing the performance of NetSerf and the standard IRs ystem SMART on this set of queries.
Eliciting Self-Disclosure: The Personality and Behavioral Correlates of the Opener Scale☆

Abstract We examined the personality and behavioral correlates associated with the tendency to elicit self-disclosure from others as assessed by the Opener Scale (Miller, Berg, & Archer, 1983). Participants completed the Opener Scale and were videotaped in two dyadic interactions with an opposite-sex stranger. Friends rated participants' personality characteristics on the California Adult Q-sort (CAQ; Block, 1978) and trained coders rated the videotaped behavior of participants in each of the dyadic interactions. Results indicated that women's Opener scores were more strongly related to social behavior with strangers, whereas men's Opener scores were more strongly related to friends' CAQ personality ratings. A follow-up study revealed that women and men used different reference groups when completing the Opener Scale. Women rated their “opener” behavior by referring to past behavior with strangers and acquaintances, whereas men rated their “opener” behavior by referring to past behavior with close friends, significant others, and family members. The use of the Opener Scale for research on judgmental accuracy and emotional intelligence is discussed.
Calibrating Bayesian UNet++ for Sub-Seasonal Forecasting

Seasonal forecasting is a crucial task when it comes to detecting the extreme heat and colds that occur due to climate change. Confidence in the predictions should be reliable since a small increase in the temperatures in a year has a big impact on the world. Calibration of the neural networks provides a way to ensure our confidence in the predictions. However, calibrating regression models is an under-researched topic, especially in forecasters. We calibrate a UNet++ based architecture, which was shown to outperform physics-based models in temperature anomalies. We show that with a slight trade-off between prediction error and calibration error, it is possible to get more reliable and sharper forecasts. We believe that calibration should be an important part of safety-critical machine learning applications such as weather forecasters.
Improved SMT Performance of Tantalum Conductive Polymer Capacitors with Very Low ESR

KEMET Electronics Corp has implemented several process and material improvements in order to improve the surface mount (SMT) performance of low ESR conductive polymer tantalum capacitors. This includes large case size (up to 7343-43) capacitors with ESR as low as 5 mΩ. Six Sigma methodologies (DMAIC: define-measure-analyze-improve-control) were used to structure the improvement process. This paper describes the project goals (define phase), new measurement techniques that had to be developed (measure phase), the conceptual model to explain SMT failures (analyze phase), process and material improvements (improve phase), and new control measures put in place (control phase).
Changes in Subcortical Visual and Auditory Evoked Potentials Following Amygdaloid Kindling in Cats

Summary: In this study we dealt with the changes in visual and auditory evoked potentials following kindling, to reveal the distant effects of epileptic activity. The experiments were performed using cats. Visual and auditory evoked potentials were obtained initially. Daily stimulation of 60 Hz (rectangular wave, 1 ms in duration, 500 μA in peak current, 2‐s train) was given to the right amygdala, for kindling. After the completion of kindling, evoked responses were recorded again. In the auditory system the changes of responses in the cortex, medial geniculate nucleus, and cochlear nucleus were distinguished. The changes of potentials in the subcortex were larger than those at the cortical level. For visual evoked potentials there was a discrepancy between stimulation with light and electrical stimulation of the optic chiasm. There was no significant change in amplitude of visual evoked potentials by flash. In the case of optic chiasm stimulation, an enlargement of evoked responses was obtained. These results indicate modality‐specific change of the auditory system and widespread subcortical change. These results might be caused by some vulnerability of the auditory system in the case of amygdaloid kindling, as a result of the epileptogenic process.
Response to letter to the editor

We thank the authors for drawing our attention to O’Halloran’s paper. He is quite right that this paper has no scientific evidence for reduced lung function, but we do not quote this paper for our evidence of a reduction in lung function with restraint; we use Parkes’ paper. This study of participants restrained flat on the floor, prone or supine, showed nonsignificant reductions in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume (FEV1) compared with the standing control position. Participants restrained face down with the body weight of the restraining persons pressed on their upper torso and/or in a flexed restraint position showed a significant reduction in lung function (mean reductions in FVC of 23.8% and 27.4%, respectively). Barrett has also shown recently that the use of the prone position with restraint does affect respiratory function, but this reduces with pressure on the anterior chest wall. We have quoted the O’Halloran paper to emphasise that many factors must be considered in death with restraint, and we do not allude to a reduction in lung function. This paper does also include obesity, drug use, physical exertion and struggle as well as psychosis as contributory factors in the deaths and does not rely solely on pressure on the torso. Studies such as that by Michalewicz et al. cannot exactly reproduce the circumstances of restraint, including psychosis, possible drug use, extreme stress, obesity, comorbidities and so on, as they use healthy volunteers. Savaser et al.’s work tries best to simulate the prone position with pressure on the back as with restraint, but again it does not reproduce exactly the conditions described, which may involve arm holding around the neck and so on. I think the results as shown above on lung function are very variable depending on the study techniques and the health status of the participants. It is impossible to reproduce exactly the circumstances in each case of restraint, which depend on the health of the individual, drug history, alcohol use, obesity, level of stress and fitness of the individual as well as restraint techniques used. We do, however, all agree that the causes of death are multifactorial and not attributed to one factor alone.
18F-Fallypride PET of Pancreatic Islets: In Vitro and In Vivo Rodent Studies

Islet cell loss in the pancreas results in diabetes. A noninvasive method that measures islet cell loss and also tracks the fate of transplanted islets would facilitate the development of novel therapeutics and improve the management of diabetes. We describe a novel dopamine D2/D3 receptor (D2/D3R)–based PET method to study islet cells in the rat pancreas and in islet cell transplantation. Methods: 18F-fallypride binding to isolated rat islets and pancreas was evaluated in the absence and presence of the D2/D3R inhibitor haloperidol. After intravenous 18F-fallypride (28–37 MBq) administration, normal rats and rats pretreated with haloperidol were imaged in a PET/CT scanner and subsequently studied ex vivo for 18F-fallypride localization in the pancreas. A streptozotocin-treated diabetic rat model was used to study localization of 18F-fallypride in the pancreas, in vitro and ex vivo. Rat islet cells were transplanted into the spleen and visualized using 18F-fallypride PET. Results: 18F-fallypride bound to isolated islet cells and pancreatic sections with an endocrine or exocrine selectivity of approximately 4; selectivity was reduced by haloperidol, suggesting that binding was D2/D3R-specific. Chemical destruction of islets by streptozotocin decreased 18F-fallypride binding in pancreas by greater than 50%, paralleling the decrease in insulin immunostaining. Uptake of 18F-fallypride in the pancreas was confirmed by radiochromatography and was 0.05% injected dose/cm3 as measured by PET/CT. The ratio of 18F-fallypride uptake in the pancreas to reference tissue (erector spinae muscle) was 5.5. Rat islets transplanted into the spleen were visualized in vivo by 18F-fallypride and confirmed by immunostaining. The ratio of spleen-transplanted islets to erector spinae muscle was greater than 5, compared with a ratio of 2.8 in untransplanted rats. Conclusion: These studies demonstrate the potential utility of 18F-fallypride as a PET agent for islet cells.
An approach for serious game development for cultural heritage: Case study for an archaeological site and museum

The unique aspects of different places seem to require games of different characteristics. This paper describes the initial steps of an attempt to design games for different places of cultural heritage and consists of three parts. In the first part, the descriptive model to be used as a classification method for games of different characteristics for cultural heritage sites is presented. In the second part, the model is used for the creation of different cultural heritage games. Finally, the third part presents a detailed case study of one of the developed games, showing the implementation and user testing processes as well as its efficiency in terms of education and visit motivation.
New data induced metric for density based clustering

Cluster Analysis is a fundamental data exploration technique in which there exist a variety of algorithms arising in many different areas of the literature. One of the most popular clustering algorithms is fuzzy c-means which minimises the weighted within-group sum of squares functional. However, this algorithm has a major drawback in that it will only find clusters of the same simple convex shape. In reality datasets can contain clusters of a variety shapes, including complex non-convex structures the geometry of which cannot be analytically described. This paper proposes a new data induced metric to be used in the fuzzy c-means functional that results in an algorithm able to find clusters of unknown arbitrary shapes. The proposed metric is based on density information obtained using the Delaunay triangulation. The resulting optimisation problem is now non-smooth, and the alternating optimisation technique used in fuzzy c-means can no longer be applied. Instead we have made use of a recent method of non-smooth optimisation to solve the problem.
CDEP-CGEG WP No . 2 Nominal Wage Rigidity in Village Labor Markets

This paper tests for downward nominal wage rigidity in markets for casual daily agricultural labor in a developing country context. I examine wage and employment responses to rainfall shocks—which shift labor demand—in 500 Indian districts from 1956-2008. First, there is asymmetric wage adjustment: nominal wages rise in response to positive shocks but do not fall during droughts. Second, after transitory positive shocks have dissipated, nominal wages do not return to previous levels—they remain high in future years. Third, inflation moderates these effects: when inflation is higher, real wages are more likely to fall during droughts and after transitory positive shocks. Fourth, wage distortions generate employment distortions: employment is lower in the year after a transitory positive shock than if the positive shock had not occurred; landless laborers experience a 6% employment reduction. Fifth, consistent with misallocation of labor across farms, households with smaller landholdings increase labor supply to their own farms when they are rationed out of the external labor market. These findings indicate that wage rigidity lowers employment levels and increases employment volatility—in a setting with few institutional constraints. Data from a new survey I conducted in two Indian states suggests that agricultural workers and employers: view nominal wage cuts as unfair; are considerably less likely to regard real wage cuts as unfair if they are achieved through inflation rather than nominal cuts; and believe that nominal wage cuts cause effort reductions. ∗I am deeply grateful to Lawrence Katz, Michael Kremer, Sendhil Mullainthan, and Rohini Pande for feedback and encouragement. For helpful discussions, I thank Melissa Adelman, George Akerlof, Katie Baldiga, Lorenzo Casaburi, Tom Cunningham, Edward Glaeser, Seema Jayachandran, Asim Khwaja, David Laibson, Lauren Merrill, Frank Schilbach, Heather Schofield, Laura Trucco and seminar participants at Harvard University. I thank Prasant Nayak for outstanding field assistance and Lakshmi Iyer for sharing data. This project received support from the Giorgio Ruffolo Doctoral Fellowship in Sustainability Science, Harvard University. All errors are my own. †Department of Economics, Columbia University (kaur@columbia.edu).
A Heaven in a Wild Flower: Self, Dissociation, and Treatment in the Context of the Neurobiological Core Self

At the heart of this article are current understandings from the cutting edge of neurobiology on the neurobiological core self. A clinical understanding of self, dissociation, and therapeutic process is shaped by: (a) current affective neuroscience work on the neurobiological core self; (b) longitudinal developmental research on attachment patterns and dissociation; and (c) neurobiological research on how dissociation affects the brain. I explore how the fundamentally coherent nature of the neurobiological core self relates to self as clinically conceived. With a clinical method based on the moment-to-moment tracking of the phenomenological manifestations of affective experience, I focus on moments that possess qualities of integrative experience, i.e., moments possessed of coherence, vitality, energy and/or subjective truth: I propose that such moments of experience are manifestations of the fundamentally integrative neurobiological core self in fractal form. Attending to them all the while being immersed in the fragmented world of dissociative experience is important: they contain resources to be recruited for the trauma and neglect work ahead. Thus equipped, dissociation and its impact on self, and then its treatment, can be considered. I conclude with some snapshots from clinical work with a patient manifesting dissociation as neurobiologically defined here. The mechanism of recognition is shown to play a major role in the search-and-rescue mission for and of the patient's felt sense of self.
Hilbert modules and modules over finite von Neumann algebras and applications to L2-invariants

Throughout this paper A is a finite von Neumann algebra and tr : A −→ C is a finite normal faithful trace. Recall that a von Neumann algebra is finite if and only if it possesses such a trace. Let l 2(A) be the Hilbert space completion of A which is viewed as a pre-Hilbert space by the inner product 〈a, b〉 = tr(ab∗). A finitely generated Hilbert A-module V is a Hilbert spaceV together with a left operation ofA by C-linear maps such that λ · 1A acts by scalar multiplication withλ on V for λ ∈ C and there exists a unitary A-embedding ofV in l 2(A)n = ⊕i =1l 2(A). In the sequel A operates always from the left unless explicitly stated differently. A morphism of finitely generated Hilbert A-modules is a boundedA-operator. Let{fin. gen. Hilb.A-mod. } be the category of finitely generated Hilbert A-modules. This category plays an important role in the construction of L2-invariants of finite connectedCW-complexes such as L2-Betti numbers and Novikov-Shubin invariants. For a survey on L2-(co)homology we refer for instance to [18], [32], [44]. More information about L2-invariants can be found for instance in [1], [5], [8], [9] [13], [14], [17], [19], [24], [25] [26], [29], [30], [31], [34], [40], [43]. These constructions of L2-invariants use the rich functional analytic structure. However, it is a consequence of standard facts about von Neumann algebras that they can be interpreted purely algebraically. Namely, we will prove (see Theorem 2.2) if {fin. gen. proj.A-mod. } denotes the category of finitely generated projective A-modules
On the effect of feedback delay in the downlink of multiuser OFDM systems

Allocating wireless resources often relies on the accurate feedback of channel state information (CSI). In this paper, we study how strongly a multiuser OFDM downlink with single-cell scheduling and channel estimation suffers from feedback delay. Unlike previous work, we study this degradation for optimal joint power and rate allocation under fairness constraints. Comparing the performance of the ideal case to delayed CSI shows that (i) adjusting the schedulers fairness cannot mitigate the strong performance loss due to feedback delay but that (ii) simple linear channel prediction is a powerful tool to do so.
Application of the NIST AI Risk Management Framework to Surveillance Technology

This study offers an in-depth analysis of the application and implications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology's AI Risk Management Framework (NIST AI RMF) within the domain of surveillance technologies, particularly facial recognition technology. Given the inherently high-risk and consequential nature of facial recognition systems, our research emphasizes the critical need for a structured approach to risk management in this sector. The paper presents a detailed case study demonstrating the utility of the NIST AI RMF in identifying and mitigating risks that might otherwise remain unnoticed in these technologies. Our primary objective is to develop a comprehensive risk management strategy that advances the practice of responsible AI utilization in feasible, scalable ways. We propose a six-step process tailored to the specific challenges of surveillance technology that aims to produce a more systematic and effective risk management practice. This process emphasizes continual assessment and improvement to facilitate companies in managing AI-related risks more robustly and ensuring ethical and responsible deployment of AI systems. Additionally, our analysis uncovers and discusses critical gaps in the current framework of the NIST AI RMF, particularly concerning its application to surveillance technologies. These insights contribute to the evolving discourse on AI governance and risk management, highlighting areas for future refinement and development in frameworks like the NIST AI RMF.
X-RAY SPECTRAL VARIATIONS IN THE YOUNGEST GALACTIC SUPERNOVA REMNANT G1.9+0.3

The discovery of the youngest Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) G1.9+0.3 has allowed a look at a stage of SNR evolution never before observed. We analyze the 50 ks Chandra observation with particular regard to spectral variations. The very high column density (NH ∼ 6 × 1022 cm−2) implies that dust scattering is important, and we use a simple scattering model in our spectral analysis. The integrated X-ray spectrum of G1.9+0.3 is well described by synchrotron emission from a power-law electron distribution with an exponential cutoff. Using our measured radio flux and including scattering effects, we find a rolloff frequency of 5.4(3.0, 10.2) × 1017 Hz (hνroll = 2.2 keV). Including scattering in a two-region model gives lower values of νroll by over a factor of 2. Dividing G1.9+0.3 into six regions, we find a systematic pattern in which spectra are hardest (highest νroll) in the bright southeast and northwest limbs of the shell. They steepen as one moves around the shell or into the interior. The extensions beyond the bright parts of the shell have the hardest spectra of all. We interpret the results in terms of dependence of shock acceleration properties on the obliquity angle θBn between the shock velocity and a fairly uniform upstream magnetic field. This interpretation probably requires a Type Ia event. If electron acceleration is limited by synchrotron losses, the spectral variations require obliquity-dependence of the acceleration rate independent of the magnetic-field strength.
Urban Sustainability: Learning from Best Practice?

In the quest for sustainable development, numerous examples of ‘best practice’ have been created and circulated in national and international arenas. Yet despite the vast array of examples, demonstration projects, case studies, and the like, little is known about the ways in which best practices are produced and used, and their role in processes of policymaking. Focusing on best practice for urban sustainability, the author argues that, rather than conceptualising its role and impact in terms of policy transfer or lesson drawing, the creation, dissemination, and use of best practice can be better understood as a discursive process, in which not only is new knowledge created about a policy problem, but the nature and interpretation of the policy problem itself are challenged and reframed. Drawing on insights from concepts of governmentality, the author argues that best practices are at once a political rationality and a governmental technology through which the policy problem of urban sustainability is framed and defined. Illustrations of the practice of best practice show how contradictions emerge between claims for general applicability and the need for policy actors to understand the contingencies of the process of urban sustainability, in order to enrol it for their own struggles over sustainability. The local stickiness of best practices points to the very real struggles that the rationalities of urban sustainability have in competing with other governmentalities which seek to shape urban futures.
Semantic‐based aggregation for statistical disclosure control

In this paper we show how clustering can be used to aggregate different versions of the same data set in order to discover confidential information. Having these tools helps to not publish data that could be reidentified, which is known as Statistical Disclosure Control. In particular, the paper is focused on the case of dealing with categorical values. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Funding a Health Disparities Research Agenda: The Case of Medicare Home Health Care

Medicare home health care provides critical skilled nursing and therapy services to patients in their homes, generally after a period in an inpatient facility or nursing home. Disparities in access to, or outcomes of, home health care can result in patient deterioration and increased cost to the Medicare program if patient care needs intensify. This article describes the process of obtaining funding to support a multiphased research agenda to document, enhance understanding, and work toward prevention of outcome disparities in the Medicare home health care benefit. The article discusses the importance of obtaining preliminary findings to support application for National Institutes of Health (NIH) or other federal agency funding, the need to employ interdisciplinary research teams and expert consultants, and it highlights the NIH R21 mechanism. Study methods and findings from the R21-funded mixed methods study are presented along with pedagogical opportunities resulting from this research agenda. Finally, next steps in this research agenda are outlined.