Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sequential ISAR Images Classification Using CNN-Bi-LSTM Method

The time-varying radar line of sight (LOS), and the changing range and azimuth sampling rates bring unknow deformation to inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging, such as rotation and scaling, which makes space target classification more difficult. To effectively classify ISAR images with deformation, a sequential ISAR images classification method combining CNN and bidirectional long short-term memory (CNN-Bi-LSTM) is proposed in this paper. In this structure, Bi-LSTM can fuse the features of single ISAR image extracted by CNN, and then extract deformation-robust features of ISAR images. For the ISAR image dataset generated from electromagnetic (EM) echoes of satellite targets, the proposed method achieves higher classification accuracy than traditional methods.
A Review on Biomedical Application of Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogels with a Focus on Drug Delivery Systems

Over the last years of research on drug delivery systems (DDSs), natural polymer-based hydrogels have shown many scientific advances due to their intrinsic properties and a wide variety of potential applications. While drug efficacy and cytotoxicity play a key role, adopting a proper DDS is crucial to preserve the drug along the route of administration and possess desired therapeutic effect at the targeted site. Thus, drug delivery technology can be used to overcome the difficulties of maintaining drugs at a physiologically related serum concentration for prolonged periods. Due to their outstanding biocompatibility, polysaccharides have been thoroughly researched as a biological material for DDS advancement. To formulate a modified DDS, polysaccharides can cross-link with different molecules, resulting in hydrogels. According to our recent findings, targeted drug delivery at a certain spot occurs due to external stimulation such as temperature, pH, glucose, or light. As an adjustable biomedical device, the hydrogel has tremendous potential for nanotech applications in involved health areas such as pharmaceutical and biomedical engineering. An overview of hydrogel characteristics and functionalities is provided in this review. We focus on discussing the various kinds of hydrogel-based systems on their potential for effectively delivering drugs that are made of polysaccharides.
Testing for Harmonic New Better than used in Expectation

A statistic for testing the null hypothesis that F is the exponential distribution against the alternative of harmonic new better than used in expectation (HNBUE) is proposed. The asymptotic distribution theory for this statistic is derived under the null hypothesis and asymptotic relative efficiency (ARE) with respect to other competing tests for HNBUE is evaluated. This test is applied to the leukemia data described in Bryson and Siddiqui (1969).
Effectors of Pregorexia and Emesis among Pregnant Women: A Pilot Study

During pregnancy, women tend to improve their lifestyle habits and refine their dietary intake. Quite often, however, these dietary improvements take an unhealthy turn, with orthorexia nervosa (ON) practices being apparent. The aim of the present pilot cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence of ON tendencies and the incidence of pica and record diet practices in a sample of pregnant women. A total of 157 pregnant women were recruited through private practice gynecologists during the first months of 2021. Nutrition-related practices were recorded, orthorexic tendencies were assessed using the translated and culturally adapted Greek version of the ORTO-15 questionnaire, pica practices were evaluated with a binary question and nausea and emesis during pregnancy (NVP) was evaluated using the translated modified Pregnancy—Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea (mPUQE). Only two women reported pica tendencies, with ice and snow being the consumed items. The majority (61.1%) of women reported improving their diet since conception was achieved. Folic acid and iron oral nutrient supplements (ONS) were reportedly consumed by the majority of participants (87.9% and 72.6%, respectively) and 9.6% reported using herbal medicine products. The ORTO-15 score was reduced with tertiary education attainment, ART conception, being in the third trimester of pregnancy, consumption of folic acid and MV supplements and was only increased among women who were at their first pregnancy. The majority of participants experienced severe NVP and the remaining experienced moderate NVP. NVP was associated with lower hemoglobin levels, lack of supplementary iron intake, avoidance of gluten-containing foods, as well as with increased gestational weight gain. The results highlight the need to screen pregnant women for disturbed eating behaviors and nutrition-related problems, in order to ensure a healthy pregnancy outcome.
Application of laser ultrasound for surface acoustic wave microscopy

This paper discusses the approach we have taken to developing laser ultrasonics so that it can fufil many of the functions normaly associated with the scanning acoustic microscope. In particular, we discuss applications involving accurate measurement of surface acoustic wave velocity and imaging applications involving the scattering of surface acoustic waves (SAWs). We present some novel techniques for detection ofSAWs and show how computer-generated holography should be a valuable solution to improve the laser generation efficiency of SAWs.
The skill of dynamical long-range forecasts, including the effect of sea surface temperature anomalies

The Meteorological Office 5-level general circulation model has been used to investigate the skill of wintertime, long-range (50-day) forecasts. In spite of its low vertical resolution and relatively simple parametrization (by present day standards), its winter climatology is shown to be realistic not only in terms of the time-mean flow but also in the behaviour of transients. In order to eliminate the less predictable synoptic scales, 15-day means have been used to assess the skill at longer ranges. Even with climatological sea surface temperatures, the largest-scale features of the flow are found on average to have a small but significant correlation with the real atmospheric evolution out to about 20 days. However, the skill is far from uniformly distributed between the 17 forecasts studied. Three forecasts exhibited some skill throughout the 50 days, while in five forecasts the anomaly correlation fell to zero within 10 days. The use of observed tropical sea surface temperatures improved the forecasts in four out of five years. Examination of the model response to tropical sea surface temperature anomalies shows that it is particularly sensitive to anomalies in the west Pacific and to a lesser extent the west Atlantic. In this region anomalies as small as 1 K or less, similar to the uncertainty in their measurement, can have marked mid-latitude effects.
A General-Purpose CMOS Vision Sensor with In-Pixel 5-bit Convolutional Layer Computation

Hardware accelerators for deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) commonly reduce the bit-depth of weights and input feature maps to decrease both circuit complexity and power consumption. Nevertheless, even when the input image is codified with less number of bits, still an analog-to-digital conversion is required, being this one of the most energy-hungry parts of an image sensor datapath. In this work, a smart pixel with processing capabilities to process the first layer of a CNN is presented. In this architecture, information captured from the sensor is fed directly into the CNN accelerator, reducing the power consumption and input error, which is only limited by the analog processing circuitry non-idealities. Programmability includes stride configuration and kernel size selection between $3\times 3,5\times 5$ and $7\times 7$. This paper provides data based on nominal simulations in standard 180 nm CMOS technology,
Atomic f-value measurements of high Rydberg members by pulsed laser-based magneto-optical spectroscopy

The authors describe a novel experimental technique, based on synchronizing pulsed Bitter coils with pulsed tunable laser sources in the ultraviolet, which allows a Faraday rotation method, originally developed for accurate f-value measurements of high Rydberg members with synchrotron radiation to be extended, both in available magnetic field strength and in spectral resolution. By applying their technique, they have extended accurate measurements of f-values for the principal series of Ba I from around n=15, where earlier measurements by the hook method become inaccurate, to n=42, well beyond the present capabilities of alternative experimental methods. Similarly, they have extended earlier magneto-optical measurements for Sr I from n=25 to n=43. Advantages of the new experimental approach are discussed.
Women entrepreneurs in the era of metaverse: An Islamic economic perspective

Purpose – This study aims to reveal the phenomenon of women entrepreneurs in the era of the Metaverse and analyze the Islamic economic viewpoint on using the Metaverse for business purposes. Methodology – For the research procedure, this study uses a qualitative method with descriptive analyses and collects the sources of research using the library research technique. Findings – This paper's findings showed that a growing number of entrepreneurs are conducting business in the Metaverse world, including women entrepreneurs. It also can be seen that cryptocurrencies used as tools for business transactions in the Metaverse are not in accordance with Islamic principles. It can be concluded that it is better for Muslim entrepreneurs to always be on track with the Islamic way, particularly in running their businesses.Implications – The rising amount of women entrepreneurs in this generation has become remarkable, concurrent with the evolution of digitalization which eases the praxis of business to occur, particularly in the era of the Metaverse. Yet, it is also essential to analyze the usage of the business platform in the sphere of Metaverse from the perspective of Islamic economics for business activity, not to contradict the principles of Islam. Originality – This study is to complete the lack of previous studies explaining the phenomenon of women entrepreneurs in the recent era of the Metaverse and discuss the perspective of Islamic economics concerning business in the Metaverse sphere.
Performance of Substrate Integrated Gap Waveguide Leaky-Wave Antenna on a Curved Structure

This paper investigates the radiation characteristics of substrate-integrated gap-waveguide leaky-wave antenna (SIGW-LWA) on curved structures. Placing the LWA on curvature surfaces requires conforming the antenna structure to follow the surface curvature. The radiating slot lengths are designed according to low side-lobe level Chebyshev distribution to improve the gain of the radiated beam. The gain is increased to 18.3 dBi while maximum SLL is decreased to 25 dB. An array consisting of uniformly fed two SIGW-LWA elements is investigated for high gain and low mutual-coupling. The gain is 17.5±1 dBi in the lower frequency band and is 18.5±1 dBi in the higher frequency band. The effect of the curvature radius on the propagating modes of the mushroom ridge-gap waveguide (RGW) and the LWA characteristics is studied. The peak gain is 10.5 dBi, 16.2 dBi, and 16.2 dBi for radius of curvature, R=4 mm, 8 mm, and 10 mm, respectively. The antenna is simulated and the results are analysed using CST-Microwave Studio.
Minimum-Time Routing as an N-Stage Decision Process

Abstract In this paper the problem of determining minimum-time ship routes is expressed as a discrete decision process in stochastic conditions, and is solved by dynamic programming. Some models of such processes are considered. Their applicability depends on the amount of available meteorological information. The salient features of the computer programs, operating experimentally aboard a motorship in normal service, are illustrated and example trajectories are presented.
How the pandemic affected interregional inequality in Russia

ABSTRACT Analysis of trends in interregional inequality in Russia in 2015–21 and of the actual outcome during the 2020 pandemic and the subsequent recovery in 2021 reveals short-term regional convergence in seven indicators, albeit of different depth and duration. Sub-federal budget revenue experienced the most significant and persistent reduction in interregional disparities, the main sources of which were a reduction of unevenness in a number of taxes, a significant increase in federal transfers and a change in their nature. After a strong short-term convergence, industry, trade, transport and investment all tended to return to long-term divergence paths. Personal income and wage inequality responded weakly to the shock in the short term and entered the new long-term path. Multidirectional spatial trends resulted from the interaction of sectorial and fiscal policy effects during the pandemic.
Adaptive inference for the two-sample scale problem

Some adaptive tests are proposed (a) for the general two-sample scale problem and (b) for the restricted two-sample scale problem, in which the random variables are known to be right-skewed and also positive valued. These are based on either the ratio of the adaptively trimmed sample variances or adaptive rank tests of scale, whose quantiles are estimated by means of the bootstrap. Simulations show that, for practical sample sizes, these tests tend to perform better than their competitors. The methodology is illustrated by an application to a problem considered by Nair regarding the breakdown times of an insulating fluid under elevated voltage stress.
Menadione Potentiates Auranofin-Induced Glioblastoma Cell Death

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor. Recently, agents increasing the level of oxidative stress have been proposed as anticancer drugs. However, their efficacy may be lowered by the cytoprotective activity of antioxidant enzymes, often upregulated in neoplastic cells. Here, we assessed the mRNA and protein expression of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), a master regulator of cellular redox homeostasis, in GBM and non-tumor brain tissues. Next, we examined the influence of an inhibitor of TrxR1, auranofin (AF), alone or in combination with a prooxidant menadione (MEN), on growth of GBM cell lines, patient-derived GBM cells and normal human astrocytes. We detected considerable amount of TrxR1 in the majority of GBM tissues. Treatment with AF decreased viability of GBM cells and their potential to form colonies and neurospheres. Moreover, it increased the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pre-treatment with ROS scavenger prevented the AF-induced cell death, pointing to the important role of ROS in the reduction of cell viability. The cytotoxic effect of AF was potentiated by treatment with MEN. In conclusion, our results identify TrxR1 as an attractive drug target and highlights AF as an off-patent drug candidate in GBM therapy.
Who borrows, and how much? Student borrowing across post-secondary pathways in Ontario, Canada

ABSTRACT The development of cost-efficient pathways is a topic of increasing political and scholarly interest across many North American jurisdictions. It has been suggested that ‘seamless’ transfer pathways can provide financial savings to both students and taxpayers. However, such claims are typically based on hypothetical cost calculations, as opposed to empirical analysis. Through this study, we model the relationship between student pathways and borrowing behavior in Ontario, Canada – the country’s most populous province – using Statistics Canada’s novel Education and Labour Market Linkage Platform (ELMLP). Our models produce little evidence that touted transfer pathways systematically reduce either (i) students’ propensity to borrow from the Canada Student Loans Program (CSLP), or (ii) the total amount that graduates end up borrowing from the program. We identify the implications of these findings for both policymakers and scholars of social stratification.
Quantitative analysis of MGMT promoter methylation status changes by pyrosequencing in recurrent glioblastoma

MGMT promoter methylation status can change in response to several factors, treatment with alkylating therapy being the mechanism more commonly cited in the literature. Some authors have attempted to quantify these alterations, with inconsistent results. This study aims to determine changes in MGMT promoter methylation status by pyrosequencing, which quantitatively yields results, in a cohort of patients reoperated for recurrent glioblastoma and having previously completed the Stupp protocol. Methylation status of the MGMT promoter gene of a total of 24 pairs of glioblastoma preselected tumor samples was retrospectively analyzed using pyrosequencing and depicted as percentages or categories (hypermethylated, intermediate methylation, unmethylated). Matched samples were compared using Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, and log‐rank test was used to establish a correlation with survival data. The median value of MGMT promoter methylation status declined after adjuvant treatment from 20.35% to 14.25% (p = 0.346). A significant correlation between methylation in primary samples and overall survival (p = 0.05) and progression‐free survival (p = 0.024) was found. Intermediate methylation status at recurrence was linked to greater survival after progression, without reaching statistical significance (post‐progression survival [PPS]) (p = 0.217). Although treatment with alkylating chemotherapy was a common feature in all patients of our cohort, switching in both directions was observed when MGMT promoter methylation status was analyzed as a continuous variable. These data suggest that the dynamics of epigenetics may be very complex and not entirely explained by clonal selection influenced by temozolomide.
Leadership of the Principal in Planning the Internal Quality Assurance System at Islamic Elementary School

The purpose of this research is to describe the principal’s leadership in planning the internal quality assurance system (IQAS) of Al Azhar School in terms of content, process, and assessment standards. This research used a qualitative approach with a case method. The subjects of the research were principal, teachers, students, and parents of students. Data were collected by using in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The validity of the research data was done through triangulation. The data analysis model used was an interactive data analysis developed by Miles and Huberman through several stages, starting from data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and data verification or conclusion. The research findings showed that the principal's leadership in planning the internal quality assurance system was indicated by his School Income and Expenditure Budget Plan (SIEBP) carried out through school meetings by involving different school development teams such as curricular, exclassical, religious, and support teams as well as school committee. He carried out quality improvement through comparative studies and collaboration with other institutions stated in the memorandum of understanding. He also made a special team to carry out internal quality improvements related to content standards, educational processes, performance assessments, giving certificate of award and salary increase for teachers who achieve work performance. In addition, he also ran academic and non-academic activities as a continuous internal quality improvement for achieving National Education Standards (NES).
An Efficient Exponential Unit Designed in VLSI CMOS with Custom Operators

This work presents an exponential function by Taylor Series with a variable input range and a small LUT, with just 8 bytes. The proposed architecture has 16 bit-input, with 8 bits in the fraction length, and the output is 32 or 64-bit with different fraction lengths. The work employs a Newton-Raphson divider and a radix-4 Squarer Unit. A range of input values between (−7 to 11) for an output error of around 2% of MRED has a consumption of 5.22pJ/op energy per operation for 32-bit output. With 64-bit output, the energy per operation result is 16.24pJ/op being able to process a wider input range (i.e., −14 to 22) for an output error of around 2.6% of MRED.
A Survey on Artificial Intelligence-based Lung Tumor Segmentation and Classification

Lung Tumor (LT) is difficult to detect, making it a particularly dangerous type of cancer. As a result, quick and precise nodule assessment is more crucial for patients of both sexes. LT can now be treated using a wide range of techniques and diagnostics. The earlier the LT is detected, the better the prognosis for the patient. Typically, a pathologist review is utilized to identify a tumor, but this method is time-consuming and error-prone. The automatic detection of the tumor would be extremely beneficial to pathologists. There has been a proliferation of ways for identifying LT with the emergence of Computed Tomography (CT) scans and x-rays in recent years. This study compares and contrasts various Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques like machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods for identifying LT. A combination of image recognition and segmentation algorithms can be used to find LT nodules. This paper also includes the metrics used to validate the classification and segmentation technique. Moreover, an overview of imaging modalities and publicly available benchmark databases utilized in prior LT investigations are discussed. This information will be helpful to anyone working in the relevant field.
Some Theoretical and Simulation Results on the Frequency Domain Causality Test

Breitung and Candelon (2006) in Journal of Econometrics proposed a simple statistical testing procedure for the noncausality hypothesis at a given frequency. In their paper, however, they reported some theoretical results indicating that their test severely suffers from quite low power when the noncausality hypothesis is tested at a frequency close to 0 or pi. This paper examines whether or not these results indicate their procedure is useless at such frequencies.
On Inertial Instability as Related to, the Multiple-Vortex Phenomenon

Abstract The occurrence of subsidiary vortices (multiple vortices) in intense tornadoes is hypothesized as being due to the development of an inertial instability in a two-celled vortex. The instability is taken to develop within a cylindrical shear layer surrounding a central stagnant subcore. The possible validity of this hypothesis is examined by means of a simple linear stability analysis. The special case of the stability of a rotating flow within strongly sheared azimuthal velocity to non-axisymmetric (cylinder symmetric) disturbances is solved in detail. It is found that the results of this highly simplified vortex model show good qualitative agreement with actual observations. The observed sequence of destabilization of progressively higher wavenumber modes, the shifting of the most unstable mode to large wavenumbers, and the hysteresis effects found in laboratory simulations can all be argued from the model. The results are shown to reduce to the corresponding classical findings of Rayleigh in th.
Real Space Approach to the Linear Phason Strain

Powder samples of C60 and C70 with high purity have been investigated by normal Raman scattering, and also by Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering. A more reasonable identification for the set of observed features associated with the 10 Raman-active modes of molecular C60 is suggested. For C70, much more Raman features than those published in the literature, are obtained. The comparison between experimental results of Raman scattering of C60 and those of C70 is done, and some similarities in their Raman spectra are discribed.