Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
When Do Antidepressants Worsen the Course of Bipolar Disorder?

Abstract Bipolar disorder may be more prevalent than previously believed. Because a substantial number of patients with bipolar disorder present with an index depressive episode, it is likely that many are misdiagnosed with unipolar major depression. Even if a correct diagnosis is made, depressive symptoms in bipolar disorder are notoriously difficult to treat. Patients are often treated with antidepressants, which, if used improperly, are known to induce mania and provoke rapid cycling. This article explores diagnostic conundrums in bipolar depression and their possible solutions, based on current research evidence. It also elucidates current evidence regarding the risks and benefits associated with antidepressant use and evaluates alternative treatment regimens for the depressed bipolar population, including the use of traditional mood stabilizers such as lithium, novel anticonvulsants such as lamotrigine, and atypical antipsychotics.
The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Cool and Hot Cognitive Processes: A Systematic Review

Although emotion and cognition were considered to be separate aspects of the psyche in the past, researchers today have demonstrated the existence of an interplay between the two processes. Emotional intelligence (EI), or the ability to perceive, use, understand, and regulate emotions, is a relatively young concept that attempts to connect both emotion and cognition. While EI has been demonstrated to be positively related to well-being, mental and physical health, and non-aggressive behaviors, little is known about its underlying cognitive processes. The aim of the present study was to systematically review available evidence about the relationship between EI and cognitive processes as measured through “cool” (i.e., not emotionally laden) and “hot” (i.e., emotionally laden) laboratory tasks. We searched Scopus and Medline to find relevant articles in Spanish and English, and divided the studies following two variables: cognitive processes (hot vs. cool) and EI instruments used (performance-based ability test, self-report ability test, and self-report mixed test). We identified 26 eligible studies. The results provide a fair amount of evidence that performance-based ability EI (but not self-report EI tests) is positively related with efficiency in hot cognitive tasks. EI, however, does not appear to be related with cool cognitive tasks: neither through self-reporting nor through performance-based ability instruments. These findings suggest that performance-based ability EI could improve individuals’ emotional information processing abilities.
Supplementing long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in canned wild Pacific pink salmon with Alaska salmon oil

Establishing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid contents in canned wild Alaska pink salmon products is challenging due to ample natural variation found in lipid content of pink salmon muscle. This study investigated the effect of adding salmon oil (SO) to canned pink salmon produced from fish exhibiting two opposite degrees of skin watermarking, bright (B) and dark (D). Specific goals of the study were to evaluate the benefits of adding SO to canned pink salmon with regard to nutritional value of the product, sensory characteristics, and the oxidative and hydrolytic stability of the lipids over thermal processing. Six groups of canned pink salmon were produced with variable levels of SO, either using bright (with 0, 1, or 2% SO) or dark (with 0, 2, or 4% SO) pink salmon. Compositional analysis revealed highest (P < 0.05) lipid content in sample B2 (8.7%) and lowest (P < 0.05) lipid content in sample D0 (3.5%). Lipid content of samples B0, B1, D2, and D4 was not significantly different (P > 0.05) ranging from 5.7% to 6.8%. Consequently, addition of SO to canned pink salmon allowed for consistent lipid content between bright and dark fish. Addition of 1% or 2% SO to canned bright pink salmon was not detrimental to the sensory properties of the product. It is recommended that canned bright pink salmon be supplemented with at least 1% SO, while supplementation with 2% SO would guarantee a minimum quantity of 1.9 g of n-3 fatty acids per 100 g of product. Addition of 4% SO to canned dark pink salmon was detrimental to product texture and taste, while supplementation with 2% SO did not negatively affect sensorial properties of the product. Accordingly, canned dark pink salmon should be supplemented with 2% SO so that a minimum n-3 fatty acids content of 1.5 g per 100 g of product.
Mirror Writing and a Dissociative Identity Disorder

Individuals with dissociative identity disorder (DID) have been known to show varied skills and talents as they change from one dissociative state to another. For example, case reports have described people who have changed their handedness or have spoken foreign languages during their dissociative states. During an interview with a patient with DID, a surprising talent emerged when she wrote a sentence for the Folstein Mini-Mental State Exam—mirror writing. It is not known whether her mirror writing had a deeper level of meaning; however, it does emphasize the idiosyncratic nature of dissociative identity disorder.
Diffusion tensor imaging and beyond

The diffusion of water molecules inside organic tissues is often anisotropic (1). Namely, if there are aligned structures in the tissue, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of water may vary depending on the orientation along which the diffusion-weighted (DW) measurements are taken. In the late 1980s, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) became possible by combining MR diffusion measurements with imaging, enabling the mapping of both diffusion constants and diffusion anisotropy inside the brain and revealing valuable information about axonal architectures (2-14). In the beginning of the 1990s, the diffusion tensor model was introduced to describe the degree of anisotropy and the structural orientation information quantitatively (15,16). This diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) approach provided a simple and elegant way to model this complex neuroanatomical information using only six parameters. Since then, we have witnessed a tremendous amount of growth in this research field, including more sophisticated nontensor models to describe diffusion properties and to extract finer anatomical information from each voxel. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technologies for white matter tracts are also developing beyond the initial deterministic line-propagation models (17-20). As these new reconstruction methods are an area of very active research, it is important to remember that the theory cannot be dissociated from practical aspects of the technology. Importantly, DWI is inherently a noise-sensitive and artifact-prone technique (Fig. 1). Thus, we cannot overemphasize the importance of image quality assurance and robust image analysis techniques. Last but not least, data acquisition technologies have also been steadfastly evolving. In this article, we review the recent advances in these areas since 2000. FIG. 1 Examples of typical artifacts: (i) signal/slice dropouts, (ii) eddy-current induced geometric distortions, (iii) systematic vibration artifacts, and (iv) ghosting (insufficient/incorrect fat-suppression).
Total body irradiation (TBI): Preliminary experience on clinical implementation

Sir, A recent publication[1] enumerated a dose analysis in the treatments with total body irradiation (TBI) through in-vivo dosimetry. In our hospital we started TBI last year, based on a protocol developed using the beam configuration and methods reported earlier. [2,3] TBI is used as a conditioning regimen prior to bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for the management of various types of leukemia, malignant lymphoma, and aplastic anemia. TBI is also used in the treatment of systemic malignant spread and bone pain due to metastases. Before engraftment of donor bone marrow, pre-transplant conditioning is applied to eradicate the tumor cells or cells with genetic disorders. [4] Most common form of pre-transplant conditioning is a combination of high dose chemotherapy and TBI. TBI helps to prevent the failure of the graft by resulting in immune-suppression. Most of the radiotherapy clinics use 6 MV x-rays for these treatments with a prescribed total dose of 12 Gy in six fractions, at two fractions per day (separated by a minimum of 6 h) over 3 days. [4] A homogeneous dose within ±10% and treatment delivery to include skin to 100% dose are some of the other criteria. Dose delivered per min (dose rate) is a factor that influences biological effects of TBI, and the accepted practice is to keep the dose rate between 0.05 and 0.10 Gy/min (<10 cGy/min). [5]
Supporting introductory test-driven labs with WebIDE

WebIDE is a new web-based development environment for entry-level programmers with two primary goals: minimize tool barriers to writing computer programs and introduce software engineering best practices early in a student's educational career. Currently, WebIDE focuses on Test-Driven Learning (TDL) by using small iterative examples and introducing lock-step labs, which prevent the student from moving forward until they finish the current step. However, WebIDE does not require that labs follow TDL. Instructors can write their own labs for WebIDE using any software engineering or pedagogical approach. Likewise, instructors can build custom evaluators — written in any language — to support their approach and provide detailed error messages to students. We report on a pilot study in a CS0 course where students were split into two groups, one that used WebIDE and one that didn't. The WebIDE group showed a significant improvement in performance when writing a simple Android application. Additionally, among students with some programming experience, the WebIDE group was more proficient in writing unit tests.
On the Origin of the Cosmic Radiation

This chapter presents the theory of origin of the cosmic radiations, according to which cosmic rays are originated and accelerated primarily in the interstellar space of the galaxy by collisions against moving magnetic fields. One of the features of the theory is that it yields naturally an inverse power law for the spectral distribution of the cosmic rays. The chief difficulty is that it fails to explain in a straightforward way the heavy nuclei observed in the primary radiation. The chapter also focuses on the motions of the interstellar medium, acceleration of the cosmic rays, spectrum of the cosmic radiation, and the injection mechanism.
Detection of Anomalous Behavior for Real Time Wide Area Network Traffic Using Wireshark

Interruption identification is a compelling methodology of managing issues in the territory of system security. Quick improvement in innovation has raised the requirement for a successful interruption discovery framework as the customary interruption identification technique can't go up against recently propelled interruptions. As most IDS attempt to perform their assignment continuously however their execution upsets as they experience distinctive level of examination or their response to confine the harm of a few interruptions by ending the system association, an ongoing is not generally accomplished. With expanding number of information being transmitted step by step starting with one system then onto the next, the framework needs to distinguish interruption in such huge datasets viably and in an auspicious way. In this manner, the utilization of information mining and machine learning methodologies would be successful to recognize such abnormal get to or assaults. Additionally, enhancing its execution and precision has been one of the significant tries in the examination of system security today. In this exploration, we have actualized an interruption discovery framework (IDS) in light of exception ID managing TCP header data utilizing WIRESHARK.
Experimentally Determined Mechanical Properties of, and Models for, the Periodontal Ligament: Critical Review of Current Literature

Introduction. This review is intended to highlight and discuss discrepancies in the literature of the periodontal ligament's (PDL) mechanical properties and the various experimental approaches used to measure them. Methods. Searches were performed on biomechanical and orthodontic publications (in databases: Compendex, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus). Results. The review revealed that significant variations exist, some on the order of six orders of magnitude, in the PDL's elastic constants and mechanical properties. Possible explanations may be attributable to different experimental approaches and assumptions. Conclusions. The discrepancies highlight the need for further research into PDL properties under various clinical and experimental loading conditions. Better understanding of the PDL's biomechanical behavior under physiologic and traumatic loading conditions might enhance the understanding of the PDL's biologic reaction in health and disease. Providing a greater insight into the response of the PDL would be instrumental to orthodontists and engineers for designing more predictable, and therefore more efficacious, orthodontic appliances.
The role of autophagy in tumour development and cancer therapy

Autophagy is a catabolic membrane-trafficking process that leads to sequestration and degradation of intracellular material within lysosomes. It is executed at basal levels in every cell and promotes cellular homeostasis by regulating organelle and protein turnover. In response to various forms of cellular stress, however, the levels and cargoes of autophagy can be modulated. In nutrient-deprived states, for example, autophagy can be activated to degrade cargoes for cell-autonomous energy production to promote cell survival. In other contexts, in contrast, autophagy has been shown to contribute to cell death. Given these dual effects in regulating cell viability, it is no surprise that autophagy has implications in both the genesis and treatment of malignant disease. In this review, we provide a comprehensive appraisal of the way in which oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes regulate autophagy. In addition, we address the current evidence from human cancer and animal models that has aided our understanding of the role of autophagy in tumour progression. Finally, the potential for targeting autophagy therapeutically is discussed in light of the functions of autophagy at different stages of tumour progression and in normal tissues.
Functional brain activity monitoring during Unmanned Aerial Vehicle coordination

The efficiency and safety of many complex human-machine systems such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) are closely related to the cognitive workload and situational awareness of their operators. Subjective operator reports, physiological and behavioral measures are not reliably sensitive for monitoring cognitive overload. Drexel's Optical Brain Imaging Team has already developed a portable safe and cost-effective optical brain imaging method called functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIR) for monitoring the prefrontal cortex in clinical and field settings. The current study examined the relationship of the hemodynamic response in prefrontal cortex to mental workload, level of expertise, and task performance.
A mobile learning application for parsons problems with automatic feedback

In this paper, we present a tool that facilitates the learning of programming by providing a mobile application for Parsons problems. These are small assignments where learners build programs by ordering and indenting fragments of code. Parsons problems are well-suited to the mobile context as the assignments form small chunks of learning content that individually require little time to go through and may be freely divided across multiple learning sessions. Furthermore, in response to previous analysis of students using a web environment for Parsons problems, we describe improvements to the automatic feedback given in these assignments.
Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Primes Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Enhanced Chondrogenesis

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are multipotent cells capable of differentiating into a variety of mature cell types, including osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes. It has previously been shown that, when expanded in medium supplemented with fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), hMSCs show enhanced chondrogenesis (CG). Previous work concluded that the enhancement of CG could be attributed to the selection of a cell subpopulation with inherent chondrogenic potential. In this study, we show that FGF-2 pretreatment actually primed hMSCs to undergo enhanced CG by increasing basal Sox9 protein levels. Our results show that Sox9 protein levels were elevated within 30 minutes of exposure to FGF-2 and progressively increased with longer exposures. Further, we show using flow cytometry that FGF-2 increased Sox9 protein levels per cell in proliferating and non-proliferating hMSCs, strongly suggesting that FGF-2 primes hMSCs for subsequent CG by regulating Sox9. Indeed, when hMSCs were exposed to FGF-2 for 2 hours and subsequently differentiated into the chondrogenic lineage using pellet culture, phosphorylated-Sox9 (pSox9) protein levels became elevated and ultimately resulted in an enhancement of CG. However, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of Sox9 during hMSC expansion was unable to negate the prochondrogenic effects of FGF-2, suggesting that the FGF-2-mediated enhancement of hMSC CG is only partly regulated through Sox9. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which FGF-2 regulates predifferentiation hMSCs to undergo enhanced CG.
Estimation of resting state effective connectivity in epilepsy using direct-directed transfer function

There has been an increasing demand among neuroscientists to understand the complex network of functionally connected neural assemblies in the human brain. For this purpose, computational EEG research is widely used by researchers due to its remarkable advantage in providing high temporal resolution, and ease of analysis across different frequency bands. Here we analyzed Electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals of electrodes placed on frontal-parietal neocortex brain region of 8 pediatric epileptic patients. In order to evaluate the directed causal relationship among different brain regions, we employed a Granger causality based multivariate connectivity estimator named direct Directed Transfer Function (dDTF) to identify signal propagations among the selected set of electrode in the frequency range 1-50Hz. A consistent network pattern emerged that was unique to each patient. The fidelity of such dDTF-derived connectivity patterns can support a clearer understanding of effective connectivity in epileptic networks.
Good Experimental Methodologies for Robotic Mapping: A Proposal

A way to significantly advance robotic science is to perform experiments that can be replicated by other researchers and be used to compare different methods. This happens rarely in current robotics research. In this paper we present a methodology for performing experimental activities in the area of robotic mapping. The proposed methodology prescribes a number of issues that should be addressed when experimentally validating a mapping method. We present the application of the proposed methodology to a mapping system we have developed.
Low-Dose Spironolactone Prevents Apoptosis Repressor With Caspase Recruitment Domain Degradation During Myocardial Infarction

Low-dose mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure and myocardial infarction, despite normal plasma aldosterone levels. Since apoptosis plays an important role in heart failure and postinfarction left ventricular remodeling, we examined whether low-dose mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists modulate cardiomyocyte death by regulating the apoptosis repressor protein apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain to lessen the extent of apoptosis. Hearts from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to regional ischemia followed by reperfusion ex vivo, with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists added to perfusates before ischemia. Low-dose spironolactone (10 nmol/L) or eplerenone (100 nmol/L) significantly reduced infarct size. Spironolactone also prevented cleavage of the apoptotic chromatin condensation inducer in the nucleus and of the inhibitor of caspase-activated DNAse induced by ischemia-reperfusion, thereby abolishing chromatin condensation and internucleosomal cleavage. Ischemia-reperfusion–induced activation of caspases 2, 3, and 9, but not caspase 8, was prevented by spironolactone, suggesting targeted regulation of the intrinsic pathway. Low-dose spironolactone and eplerenone prevented loss of the apoptosis repressor with the caspase recruitment domain and reduced myocyte death. In H9c2 cells, mineralocorticoid receptor activation by aldosterone resulted in apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain degradation and enhanced apoptosis; these actions were prevented by coadministration of spironolactone. Using a triple lysine mutant we identified that aldosterone enhances posttranscriptional degradation of the apoptosis repressor with a caspase recruitment domain via the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway. Our data demonstrate that low-dose mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists reduce infarct size and apoptosis in the reperfused myocardium by preventing the apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain degradation.
A simple scheme for adapting time-frequency representations

Current signal-dependent time-frequency representations are block-oriented methods suited only for short-duration signals. The authors propose a simple, computationally efficient technique for creating adaptive time-frequency representations in which a kernel characterized by one free parameter is adapted over time. Time adaptation of the kernal allows continuous updating of the kernel to optimally track changes in signal characteristics. The procedure computes a short-time quality measure (concentration or entropy based) of the time-frequency representation for a range of values of the free parameter and estimates the parameter value, maximizing the quality measure by means of interpolation. Simple examples illustrate the benefits of this technique over fixed-kernel representations. <<ETX>>
Cross-cultural Comparison of Interpretation of Avatars''Facial Expressions

近年のネットワークコミュニケーションでは,感情表現のためにアバタがよく利用されるが,これ らのアバタの顔や表情の意味は,特に断らなくても任意の利用者間で普遍的に共有されるものという 暗黙的な前提の下で使用されている. 本研究では,1)アバタの表情解釈に文化差が存在することを検 証する. また,アバタ表情解釈の文化差に,心理学における人間の表情解釈の文化差に関する知見が 適用できること,特に同国内の表情認知度は,他国と比べて高いことがアバタ表情にも適用できるこ とを検証する,2)表情解釈の文化差が顕著な表情を検出する,ことを研究課題とした. 公開Web 実 験を行い,アジアと欧米 8 カ国間におけるアバタ表情の解釈内容を比較分析した. その結果,1) ア バタ表情の解釈には文化差が存在し,日本におけるアバタ表情解釈の一致率が高く心理学の知見が適 用できること,2)否定的な表情は文化を超えて正しく理解されるが,肯定的な表情は国によって解釈 差の大きいこと,が示された.
Integrating Natural Language Understanding and a Cognitive Approach to Textual Emotion Recognition for Generating Human-Like Responses

Till date no computer program has passed the Turing test although even simple conversational programs, socalled “Chatbots”, could make people believe that they are talking to another human being. The main objective of this paper is to identify some shortcomings of existing conversational agents (e.g. Chatbots) and describe our approach to model human-like conversational agent that overcomes those limitations to some extent. Our primary focus is to sense affective information from input sentence(s) by applying a cognitive theory of emotions known as the OCC model and generate both proactive and reactive responses according to the input. We thus aim at developing an emotionally intelligent computer program that not only “understands” what affective information is conveyed in textual messages, but also may provide automatic empathic response.