Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perception of object unity in 2-month-old infants.

The perception of object unity in partial occlusion displays was examined in 722-month-old infants. The infants were habituated to 1 of 3 displays depicting a rod undergoing lateral motion behind a box. In each display, more of the rod was visible behind the box than was previously available in prior studies of young infants' perception of occlusion. Posthabituation test displays consisted of 2 rod pieces (broken rod) and a complete rod, presented 3 times each in alternation. Infants in all 3 conditions looked longer at the broken rod than at the complete rod, suggesting that the hidden region of the rod in the habituation display was inferred despite the absence of direct perceptual support. These findings suggest that very young infants' visual, attentional, or cognitive skills may be insufficient to consistently support perception ofobject unity, except under some display conditions.
MT-based Japanese-Enlish cross-language IR experiments using the TREC test collections

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of MT-based Japanese-English CLIR using a subcollection of the TREC test collections and two bilingual researchers to separately translate the TREC requests into Japanese. Our main findings are as follows: (1)With the aid of pseudo-relevance feedback, MT-based J-E CLIR can be as effective as “best-case” monolingual IR. In particular, although poor MT quality often leads to poor initial CLIR performance, pseudo-relevance feedback is useful for alleviating the harm; (2)The manual request translation process that is inherent in conventional CLIR performance evaluation can be a more dominant factor than query length and overall MT quality.
The communication of friendly and hostile attitudes by verbal and non‐verbal signals

Two experiments are reported here in which Ss were asked to rate videotapes of a performer reading friendly, neutral and hostile messages in a friendly, neutral or hostile non-verbal style. These messages and non-verbal styles had previously been presented independently to a separate group of Ss jor rating, in order to obtain an estimate of their individual strengths in terms of six rating scales, and thus permit a matching of verbal (messages) and non-verbal (styles) cues in the experiment where both types of cues were presented in combination. The results of both experiments indicate that non-verbal cues had a greater effect on ratings made on 7-point scales, such as hostile-friendly, than verbal cues. The magnitude of this greater effect of non-verbal cues, however, was dependent on the relative strength of non-verbal as opposed to verbal cues. In the first experiment, both types of cues were approximately equal in strength when ruted alone; here non-verbal cues accounted for 12.5 times us much variance us verbal cues, and produced 5.7 times as much shift on the ratitig scales. In the second experiment the verbal cues were much stronger than the non-verbal cues when rated alone. Here the relative effect of non-verbal cues in the second experiment was diminished; the ratio of non-verbal : verbal variance was now 1.67:1. When verbal and non-verbal signals were inconsistent, the performance was rated as insincere, unstable and confusing - which was not found in earlier experiments on the superior-inferior dimension.
The persistence of memory: an fMRI investigation of the brain processing of Surrealistic imagery in advertising

Surrealistic images sought to duplicate the mysterious workings of dreams by the juxtaposition of incongruous and seemingly unrelated objects. Although Surrealist images have been the subject of extensive critical reflection, no previous neuroimaging studies have investigated how the brain processes Surrealistic imagery in advertising. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, this study aimed at investigating the neural mechanisms associated with Surrealistic art techniques in advertising. The study employed a block design paradigm in which participants viewed five blocks of different real sets of advertisements arranged in four conditions: novel-congruent, repeated congruent, novel-Surrealistic and repeated Surrealistic. The results showed that, compared to other types of advertisements, Surrealistic imagery elicited greater activation in several brain areas including the parietal cortex (BA 1, 2, 3), the precuneus (Brodmann area (BA) 7), the lateral parietal cortex (BA 39/40), the prefrontal cortex (BA 6/9), the inferior frontal gyrus (BA 45/46), the anterior cingulate cortex (BA 24), the insula (BA 13) and the amygdala. This result suggests that, compared to other types of advertisements, Surrealistic advertisements are processed in different functional brain pathways. This finding lends strong support to the elaboration and surprise hypotheses, which postulate that incongruous stimuli elicit increased processing that leads to more distinct and robust memory traces.
Power delay profile and noise variance estimation for OFDM

In this letter, we present cyclic-prefix (CP) based noise-variance and power-delay-profile estimators for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Signal correlation due to the use of the CP is exploited without requiring additional pilot symbols. A heuristic estimator and a class of approximate maximum likelihood (ML) estimators are proposed. The proposed algorithms can be applied to both unitary and non-unitary constellations. These algorithms can be readily used for applications such as minimum mean-square error (MMSE) channel estimation.
Revealing or Non-Revealing: The Impact of Review Disclosure Policy on Firm Profitability

Collecting and displaying product reviews written by consumers is a common practice for many retail websites. These websites, however, differ in their choice to reveal aggregate review statistics on the product list displayed while consumers browse or search to make initial product selections. This study proposes an analytical model to examine the conditions in which revealing average star ratings on the product list is more profitable than not revealing this information. Noting that consumers differ in their valuations of products sold on a firm’s website, this study finds that if a firm sets prices to maximize total profits, it suffers less profitability from disclosing average star ratings if two products do not differ significantly in their average value and consumers’ valuation of the low-value product is more heterogeneous. If products sold on the website instead are priced by third-party sellers that seek to maximize each product’s own profit, it is less profitable for the firm to reveal average rating information when the two products do not differ significantly in average value and consumers’ valuation of the high-value product is more heterogeneous. These results suggest guidelines that retail websites can use to evaluate their information revelation policies, based on three important factors: the difference in the average value of different products, relative heterogeneity in consumers’ valuation of different products, and the firm’s ability to coordinate prices across products.
A System for Protein Classification Based on Protein 3 D Structure

The classification of proteins based on their structure plays an important role in the deduction or discovery of protein function. Furthermore, the large number of potential classes causes problems for many classification strategies, increasing the likelihood that the classifier will reach local optima while trying to distinguish between all of the possible structural categories. In this paper, we present an efficient system for protein classification by using 3D structure content representation. We use a 3D structure-based approach for the efficient classification of protein molecules. The method relies on descriptors extracted from the known protein structure. These descriptors integrate geometry-based and biological features of the protein. An ART neural network algorithm is introduced to achieve dimensionality reduction, thus improving the overall performance of the system. In this work, a hierarchical strategy, using Boosted C4.5 algorithm, is applied for structural classification based on the SCOP (Structural Classification of Proteins) hierarchy. The SCOP database was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the multi-level approach of this system.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 12 Increases 3′ End Processing of Growth Factor-Induced c-FOS Transcripts

ABSTRACT Transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) regulate RNA polymerase II initiation and elongation as well as cotranscriptional mRNA processing. In this report, we describe an important role for CDK12 in the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced c-FOS proto-oncogene expression in mammalian cells. This kinase was found in the exon junction complexes (EJC) together with SR proteins and was thus recruited to RNA polymerase II. In cells depleted of CDK12 or eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A3 (eIF4A3) from the EJC, EGF induced fewer c-FOS transcripts. In these cells, phosphorylation of serines at position 2 in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II, as well as levels of cleavage-stimulating factor 64 (Cstf64) and 73-kDa subunit of cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF73), was reduced at the c-FOS gene. These effects impaired 3′ end processing of c-FOS transcripts. Mutant CDK12 proteins lacking their Arg-Ser-rich (RS) domain or just the RS domain alone acted as dominant negative proteins. Thus, CDK12 plays an important role in cotranscriptional processing of c-FOS transcripts.
A family study of Tourette syndrome in Japan.

Although the mode of inheritance remains in doubt, twin and family studies conducted mostly in the United States and western Europe suggest that genetic factors play an important role in the transmission and expression of Tourette syndrome (TS). In an effort to evaluate population-based genetic differences, we generated risk estimates for first-degree relatives of TS probands in Japan using methods similar to those utilized in recent Western studies. The subjects were 52 TS probands seen at an outpatient clinic of Tokyo University Hospital and their 165 first-degree relatives. All probands and one or more first-degree relatives in each family were interviewed concerning the presence of tic and obsessive-compulsive symptoms by expert clinicians. The age-corrected rates of TS, chronic motor tics, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and subclinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms in the first-degree relatives were 2.0%, 12.0%, 1.6%, and 7.0%, respectively. Rates of TS and related disorders in Japan appear to be much lower than those in recent Western family studies. If replicated, these data suggest that there may be differences in the nature and frequency of vulnerable alleles for TS and related disorders in the Japanese compared to European populations.
Factors influencing stakeholders' attitudes toward cross-kingdom gene transfer in rice

The purpose of this study was to identify the relevant factors influencing stakeholders' attitudes toward the transfer of an animal (mouse) gene into rice for vitamin C enhancement. A survey was carried out on 434 respondents from various stakeholder groups in Malaysia. Results of the survey have confirmed that attitudes toward cross-kingdom gene transfer, such as genetically modified (GM) rice, are the result of a complex decision-making process that involves the cumulative interaction of various factors. The most important direct predictors of a positive attitude toward GM rice were specific application-linked perceptions about the religious acceptability and risks of such rice. The attitude toward GM rice also involves interplay between other factors, such as familiarity and the perceived benefits of GM rice, and more general attitudinal variables, such as moral beliefs about biotechnology, attitudes toward labeling, attitudes toward patenting, attitudes toward nature, and confidence in biotechnology regulations.
Working Memory Capacity in High Trait-anxious and Repressor Groups

The verbal reasoning performance of high-anxious (high trait anxiety, low defensiveness), defensive high-anxious (high trait anxiety, high defensiveness), repressor (low trait anxiety, high defensiveness), and low-anxious (low trait anxiety, low defensiveness) groups was examined under high and low memory load conditions. As predicted by the processing efficiency theory (Eysenck & Calvo, 1992), the slowing of reasoning speed with the high memory load was disproportionately great for the high-anxious and defensive high-anxious groups. The effects of high memory load on reasoning speed were the same for the low-anxious and repressor groups, suggesting that both groups had equivalently low levels of worrying (and other anxiety related) task-irrelevant thoughts. Theoretical implications of these, and other findings, for the understanding of repressors were discussed.
Analyzing the dynamic range of fluorescent detection in microarray scanner

By analyzing the dark current noise of photomultiplier tube (PMT) and the thermal noise of feedback resistor, the detection limit of the processing circuit in the microarray scanner is calculated theoretically, and the saturated signal of that is obtained by the anode radiant sensitivity of the PMT under optimized gain. The dynamic range is the saturated signal divided by the detection limit, which is 8773 in theory. The experiment result was acquired after scanning a fluorescent calibration slide by the scanner, which was 4096.
Some Facts about Centers, Indexicals, and Demonstratives

Certain pronoun contexts are argued to establish a local center (LC), i.e., a conventionalized indexical similar to 1st/2nd pers. pronouns. Demonstrative pronouns, also indexicals, are shown to access entities that are not LCs because they lack discourse relevance or because they are not yet in the universe of discourse.
DEVELOPMENT OF A JET-REMPI BASED CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS MONITOR FOR DIOXINS

The need for a continuous emissions monitor (CEM) for the determination of dioxins and furans at realistic (parts per trillion or lower) concentrations in real time (minutes) is widely recognized in the waste management community. Such an instrument would enable rapid, and real-time experimentation on incinerators, so as to test and develop control strategies. It would also be extremely useful in laboratory kinetics experiments seeking to understand formation, interconversion, and destruction processes for dioxins and their precursors. Finally, it could be used for continuous compliance monitoring, or rapid, low-cost, facilities certification. The key issues for a dioxin CEM are; overall sensitivity, and selectivity among the many congeners found in real applications, and the ability to detect and distinguish these compounds in the presence of a very complex background. The U.S. EPA Office of Solid Waste (OSW), which regulates hazardous waste treatment processes, has identified continuous dioxin monitoring as a research priority. The OSW recognizes that CEMs offer continuous compliance assurance, compared with infrequent extractive sampling. Their policy provides the economic incentive for waste facilities to use CEMs by eliminating waste feed characterization, compliance testing, and operating parameter monitoring for pollutants when a facility uses CEMs. Although 210 chemically different dioxins can be produced during combustion, it is currently believed that fewer than 20 are toxic enough to warrant monitoring. SRI has initiated a research program to develop a CEM that can be used to study the emission levels of these key dioxins, leading eventually to an improved understanding of the formation of these molecules and to improved means of monitoring and control. A database can be built using emissions from actual waste treatment processes to correlate operating conditions with dioxin formation. Such a database can be used to devise operating strategies to prevent formation of dioxins, and to identify surrogates or indicators that can be monitored more easily than the dioxins themselves, leading to less expensive, more widely implemented, compliance and control strategies. Our approach for the real-time dioxin CEM combines a pulsed gas jet with resonance enhanced multi-photon ionization (REMPI) and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS). We estimate that a minimum detectability of approximately 1 ng/m 3 can be realized for dichlorinated dioxins using commercial off the shelf technology with minimal development. Using the current one-color REMPI scheme, the sensitivity decreases with increasing chlorination, making detection of the more highly chlorinated dioxins problematic. REMPI will need significant enhancements to reach the sub-ng/m 3 detection limits required for a compliance CEM. Potential enhancements include, among others, the use of sample preconcentration, improved pulsed nozzle and ion optics designs, a two-color REMPI scheme, and higher repetition rate laser systems.
Antibody targeting of long-circulating lipidic nanoparticles does not increase tumor localization but does increase internalization in animal models.

We describe evidence for a novel mechanism of monoclonal antibody (MAb)-directed nanoparticle (immunoliposome) targeting to solid tumors in vivo. Long-circulating immunoliposomes targeted to HER2 (ErbB2, Neu) were prepared by the conjugation of anti-HER2 MAb fragments (Fab' or single chain Fv) to liposome-grafted polyethylene glycol chains. MAb fragment conjugation did not affect the biodistribution or long-circulating properties of i.v. -administered liposomes. However, antibody-directed targeting also did not increase the tumor localization of immunoliposomes, as both targeted and nontargeted liposomes achieved similarly high levels (7-8% injected dose/g tumor tissue) of tumor tissue accumulation in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer xenografts (BT-474). Studies using colloidal gold-labeled liposomes showed the accumulation of anti-HER2 immunoliposomes within cancer cells, whereas matched nontargeted liposomes were located predominantly in extracellular stroma or within macrophages. A similar pattern of stromal accumulation without cancer cell internalization was observed for anti-HER2 immunoliposomes in non-HER2-overexpressing breast cancer xenografts (MCF-7). Flow cytometry of disaggregated tumors posttreatment with either liposomes or immunoliposomes showed up to 6-fold greater intracellular uptake in cancer cells due to targeting. Thus, in contrast to nontargeted liposomes, anti-HER2 immunoliposomes achieved intracellular drug delivery via MAb-mediated endocytosis, and this, rather than increased uptake in tumor tissue, was correlated with superior antitumor activity. Immunoliposomes capable of selective internalization in cancer cells in vivo may provide new opportunities for drug delivery.
Children’s Computer Use in the Home

The researchers examined social interactions of children using home computers. The main concern was whether computers tended to isolate youthful users. Adult anxiety regarding the damaging effects of computers on children was assessed. Parental involvement, orientation to computers, and gender were the main independent variables. A case study approach was employed to gather observational data regarding the variety of interactional networks that framed the computer experience of 32 participants. The findings challenged the notion that heavy computer users experience social isolation. It was found that the interpersonal lives and computer activities of children reflexively amplified each other and that boys were more likely to socialize in relation to computers than were girls. The findings were explained as consequences of context and gender-based differentiated styles of world-creating activity. Recommendations were made to parents and teachers encouraging a less apprehensive and more integrative/developmental view of the social effects of children’s computer use.
Values and educational administration

The recent emphasis upon administrative theory has underscored the problem of the place of values in educational administration. In the literature of educational administration, two quite different emphases have emerged. One stresses the descriptive analysis of values and places its major focus on discovering the actual effect of social and individual values in the administrative process. The other emphasizes the philosophical treatment of values as ideals. Some writers have discussed this difference in emphasis in terms of the is-ought dichotomy.1 They have quite properly observed that administrative theory must be concerned only with the "is" and cannot provide answers to moral questions or set ideals. That this point had to be made for purposes of logical clarity cannot be doubted. However, recognition of the differences between descriptive (is) statements and normative (ought) statements marks a beginning and not an end. Both endeavors, the attempt to describe the place of values in the administrative process and the attempt to develop systematic philosophical approaches to values as ideals in educational administration, now stand far short of accomplishment. Both are needed and they are not necessarily conflicting as long as we keep our terminology straight. They are just different. In this paper some of the problems needing consideration in each of these areas are presented. This is done to clarify and illustrate the different tasks falling to those concerned with the investigation of either area. First, we shall look at problems involved in the descriptive
On the Naming of the Rose:* Interests and Multiple Meanings as Elements of Organizational Culture

Much of the recent literature relating to organizational culture reveals two themes. On the one hand, managerial accounts depict organizations as fostering solidary senti ments, with all participants accepting and upholding joint values. Alternatively, other studies describe organizations as comprising potentially divided interests, which utilize collective values for sectional advantage. An assumption common to both perspectives is that organizational events have single, fixed meanings to all parties. Organizational culture, it seems, is about either pervasive unity or pervasive division. Using empirical materials, it is argued that sentiments and events celebrating the unique identity of machinists in one firm were simultaneously the vehicle for the assertion of boundary and division between interests within this group. Organizational events and processes were capable of multiple interpretation. This theme prompts some concluding generaliza tions, which suggest that organizational culture is defined specifically by processes of constraint between intra-group interests.