Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
T2FML-based adaptive assessment system for computer game of Go

Go game is one game with a long history. Two players alternatively play their black or white stone at a vacant intersection of the board. Usually, weaker player holds Black. In the end, the player with bigger territory wins the game. For the learning in Go games, humans could be advanced to higher rank, for example, by winning 4 out of 5 games. However, a Go player's performance could be influenced by some factors, such as the spot environment as well as physical and mental situations of the day, which causes the difficulty and uncertainty in certificating the human's rank. In this paper, a type-2 fuzzy markup language (T2FML)-based system is proposed to infer the human's rank according to simulation number, komi, and board size. Based on the adaptive Upper Confidence Bounds for Trees (UCT)-based Go-ranking mechanism, the number of simulations for each move of the game is collected when the invited Go players are against the computer Go program, MoGoTW. At the same time, the strength of the human is also estimated by using the Bradley-Terry and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) models. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is feasible for estimating the strength of a human.
(2-Decanamidoethyl)dimethylamine N-oxide

In the title compound, C14H30N2O2, the almost planar nonyl chains are fully extended: the N—C—C—N torsion angle of −161.95 (8)° indicates an anti conformation. The crystal structure features N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯O interactions.
We know how you live: exploring the spectrum of urban lifestyles

An incisive understanding of human lifestyles is not only essential to many scientific disciplines, but also has a profound business impact for targeted marketing. In this paper, we present LifeSpec, a computational framework for exploring and hierarchically categorizing urban lifestyles. Specifically, we have developed an algorithm to connect multiple social network accounts of millions of individuals and collect their publicly available heterogeneous behavioral data as well as social links. In addition, a nonparametric Bayesian approach is developed to model the lifestyle spectrum of a group of individuals. To demonstrate the effectiveness of LifeSpec, we conducted extensive experiments and case studies, with a large dataset we collected covering 1 million individuals from 493 cities. Our results suggest that LifeSpec offers a powerful paradigm for 1) revealing an individual's lifestyle from multiple dimensions, and 2) uncovering lifestyle commonalities and variations of a group with various demographic attributes, such as vocation, education, gender, sexual orientation, and place of residence. The proposed method provides emerging implications for personalized recommendation and targeted advertising.
Intersubunit Ionic Interactions Stabilize the Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Most nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPKs) are hexamers. The C-terminal tail interacting with the neighboring subunits is crucial for hexamer stability. In the NDPK from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt) this tail is missing. The quaternary structure of Mt-NDPK is essential for full enzymatic activity and for protein stability to thermal and chemical denaturation. We identified the intersubunit salt bridge Arg80-Asp93 as essential for hexamer stability, compensating for the decreased intersubunit contact area. Breaking the salt bridge by the mutation D93N dramatically decreased protein thermal stability. The mutation also decreased stability to denaturation by urea and guanidinium. The D93N mutant was still hexameric and retained full activity. When exposed to low concentrations of urea it dissociated into folded monomers followed by unfolding while dissociation and unfolding of the wild type simultaneously occur at higher urea concentrations. The dissociation step was not observed in guanidine hydrochloride, suggesting that low concentration of salt may stabilize the hexamer. Indeed, guanidinium and many other salts stabilized the hexamer with a half maximum effect of about 0.1 M, increasing protein thermostability. The crystal structure of the D93N mutant has been solved.
A Modular Sliding Mode Controller for Cooperative Closed-Chain Manipulators With Uncertain Dynamics

This article presents a decentralized sliding mode control scheme for the complex problem of simultaneous position and internal force control in cooperative multiple manipulator systems. The proposed controller is composed of a sliding mode control term and a force robustifying term to simultaneously control the payload's position/orientation as well as the internal forces induced in the system. This is accomplished independently of the manipulators dynamics. Unlike most controllers that do not require prior knowledge of the manipulators dynamics, the suggested controller does not depend on fuzzy logic inferencing and is computationally inexpensive. Numerical experiments confirm the controller's robustness in the face of varying unknown system's dynamics. The payload's position/orientation and the internal force errors are also shown to asymptotically converge to zero under such conditions
Effect of high-flux dialysis on the anaemia of haemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND Anaemia is one of the major clinical characteristics of patients with chronic renal failure, and has a considerable effect on morbidity and mortality. Adequate dialysis is of paramount importance in correcting anaemia by removing small and medium-sized molecules, which may inhibit erythropoiesis. However, high-molecular-weight inhibitors cleared only by means of highly porous membranes have also been found in uraemic serum and it has been claimed from uncontrolled studies that high-flux dialysis could improve anaemia in haemodialysis patients. METHODS We therefore planned this multicentre randomized controlled trial with the aim of testing whether the use of a large-pore biocompatible membrane for a fixed 12-week follow-up improves anaemia in haemodialysis patients in comparison with the use of a conventional cellulose membrane. Eighty-four (5.3%) of a total of 1576 adult haemodialysed patients attending 13 Dialysis Units fulfilled the entry criteria and were randomly assigned to the experimental treatment (42 patients) or conventional treatment (42 patients). RESULTS Haemoglobin levels increased non-significantly from 9.5+/-0.8 to 9.8+/-1.3 g/dl (dP=0. 069) in the population as a whole, with no significant difference between the two groups (P:=0.485). Erythropoietin therapy was given to 32/39 patients (82%) in the conventional group, and 26/35 (74%) in the experimental group (P:=0.783) with subcutaneous administration to 26/32 patients in conventional and to 23/26 patients in experimental group, P:=0.495. Dialysis dose (Kt/V) remained constant in both groups (from 1.30+/-0.17 to 1.33+/-0.20 in the conventional group and from 1.28+/-0.26 to 1.26+/-0.21 in the experimental group, P:=0.242). Median pre- and post-dialysis beta(2)-microglobulin levels remained constant in the conventional group (31.9 and 34.1 mg/dl at baseline) and decreased in the experimental group (pre-dialysis values from 31.1 to 24.7 mg/dl, P:=0.004 and post-dialysis values from 24.8 to 20.8 mg/dl, P:=0.002). Median erythropoietin doses were not different at baseline (70 IU/kg/week in conventional treatment and 90 IU/kg/week in experimental treatment, P:=0.628) and remained constant during follow-up (from 70 to 69 IU/kg/week in the conventional group and from 90 to 91 IU/kg/week in the experimental group, P:=0.410). Median erythropoietin plasma levels were in the normal range and remained constant (from 12.1 to 12.9 mU/ml in the conventional group and from 13.2 to 14.0 mU/ml in the experimental group, P:=0.550). CONCLUSIONS This study showed no difference in haemoglobin level increase between patients treated for 3 months with a high-flux biocompatible membrane in comparison with those treated with a standard membrane. When patients are highly selected, adequately dialysed, and have no iron or vitamin depletion, the effect of a high-flux membrane is much less than might be expected from the results of uncontrolled studies.
A Fuzzy Pronunciation Evaluation Model for English Learning

The evaluation of pronunciation for spoken English is one of the key problems for computer aided spoken language learning. While the most of researchers focus on the improvement of speech recognition to build a reliable evaluation system, there still needs a model that fuses the reliabilities of existing speech processing systems and the learner personalities into the evaluation system. In this paper, the Sugeno integral techniques are introduced to solve this problem. At first, the English phonemes that are hard to be distinguished (HDP) from Chinese language learner are collected and are grouped into different HDP sets. Then, the system reliabilities for distinguishing the phonemes within a HDP set are computed based on the standard speech corpus and are integrated with the phoneme recognition results under the Sugeno integral framework. The fuzzy measures are given for each subset of speech segments that contains at least 10 occurrences of phonemes within a same HDP set. Finally, the linguistic evaluation results are given by the Sugeno integral model based on system reliability and fuzzy measures. The experiment taken on Sphinx-4 shows that, under the 84.7% average recognition rate of the system, our pronunciation evaluation model get reliable and stable results for 3 test corpora
Measuring and modeling the thermal conductivity of epoxy - Boron nitride nanocomposites

In this paper, the thermal conductivity of epoxy - hexagonal boron nitride nanocomposites is investigated. The main goal is to evaluate the effect of particle dispersion and distribution on the thermal conductivity of polymer composites. Therefore, nanocomposites were produced with the use of two different synthesis techniques. Also, 3D models were developed to fit the experimental results on the thermal conductivity of these nanocomposites. The models are mainly based on the ability of surface modified particles to re-organize the polymer matrix in their vicinity. An interfacial layer around the particles is introduced to simulate the affected portion of the polymer matrix. This layer consists of two discrete parts, an inner layer with a constant thickness of a few nm and an outer layer with a dynamic thickness which depends on the interparticle distance and thus, on the filler concentration. Based on the aforementioned assumptions, the model results fit well with the experimental data.
Novel electronic scissoring algorithm

The electronic media, such as digital magazines and newspapers, are becoming more and more popular nowadays. The computer-aided information retrieval of such electronic documents is crucial for any further data-mining applications. In this paper, we proposed a novel electronic scissoring algorithm to automatically extract the image content from an arbitrary electronic document. Our proposed new algorithm contains two steps, namely the information-content extraction and the image-content detection. In the first step, everything other than the background is extracted using a computationally-efficient variance filter. The information content usually consists of text, image, and delimiters. The next step, the entropy measure is employed to distinguish the images from other content. Experiments are carried out using data captured from random web-pages. The receiver-operating characteristic curves have been presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed new algorithm.
Large margin methods for structured classification : Exponentiated gradient algorithms and PAC-Bayesian generalization bounds

We consider the problem of structured classification , where the task is to predict a label y from an inputx, andy has meaningful internal structure. Our framework includes supervised training of both Markov random fields and weighted context-free grammars as special cases. We describe an algorithm that solves the large-margin optimization problem defined in [12], using an exponentialfamily (Gibbs distribution) representation of structured objects. The algorithm is efficient – even in cases where the number of labels y i exponential in size – provided that certain expectations under Gibbs distributions can be calculated efficiently. The optimization method we use for structured labels relies on a more general result, specifically the application of exponentiated gradient (EG) updates [4, 5] to quadratic programs (QPs). We describe a new method for solving QPs based on these techniques, and give bounds on its rate of convergence. In addition to their application to the structured-labels task, the EG updates lead to simple algorithms for optimizing “conventional” binary or multiclass SVM problems. Finally, we give a new generalization bound for structured classification, using PAC-Bayesian methods for the analysis of large margin classifiers.
Robust control of novel thrust vectored 3D printed multicopter

In this paper, a novel thrust vectored 3D printed multicopter is designed and built. The dynamic equation of the multicopter with n propellers where n ≥ 2 is derived. Conditions for effective thrust vectoring is established. A robust control scheme for the multicopter system, based on the multi-surface sliding control is proposed. We prove that the proposed control scheme guarantees asymptotic output tracking performance. Experimental results are presented to validate the analysis.
Review Articles Immune modulation by parenteral lipid emulsions 1,2

Totalparenteralnutritionisthefinaloptionfornutritionalsupportof patientswithsevereintestinalfailure.Lipidemulsionsconstitutethe main source of fuel calories and fatty acids (FAs) in parenteral nutrition formulations. However, adverse effects on patient outcomes have been attributed to the use of lipids, mostly in relation to impaired immune defenses and altered inflammatory responses. Overtheyears,thisissuehasremainedinthelimelight,alsobecause technical advances have provided no safeguard against the most daunting problems, ie, infectious complications. Nevertheless, numerous investigations have failed to produce a clear picture of the immunologic characteristics of the most commonly used soybean oil–derived lipid emulsions, although their high content of n6 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) has been considered a drawback because of their proinflammatory potential. This concern initiated the development of emulsions in which part of the n6 FA component is replaced by less bioactive FAs, such as coconut oil (rich in medium-chain saturated FAs) or olive oil (rich in the n9 monounsaturated FA oleic acid). Another approach has been to use fish oil (rich in n3 PUFA), the FAs of which have biological activities different from those of n6 PUFAs. Recent studies on the modulation of host defenses and inflammation by fish-oil emulsions have yielded consistent data, which indicate that these emulsions may provide a tool to beneficially alter the course of immune-mediated conditions.AlthoughmostoftheselipidshavenotyetbecomeavailableontheUSmarket,thisreviewsynthesizesavailableinformation on immunologic characteristics of the different lipids that currently can be applied via parenteral nutrition support. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:1171–84.
A Brief Survey of Text Mining

The enormous amount of information stored in unstructured texts cannot simply be used for further processing by computers, which typically handle text as simple sequences of character strings. Therefore, specific (pre-)processing methods and algorithms are required in order to extract useful patterns. Text mining refers generally to the process of extracting interesting information and knowledge from unstructured text. In this article, we discuss text mining as a young and interdisciplinary field in the intersection of the related areas information retrieval, machine learning, statistics, computational linguistics and especially data mining. We describe the main analysis tasks preprocessing, classification, clustering, information extraction and visualization. In addition, we briefly discuss a number of successful applications of text mining.
Manipulating Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance by Suppressing Pathogen-Induced Auxin Accumulation in Rice1[C][W][OA]

Breeding crops with the quality of broad-spectrum disease resistance using genetic resources is one of the principal goals of crop improvement. However, the molecular mechanism of broad-spectrum resistance remains largely unknown. Here, we show that GH3-2, encoding an indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-amido synthetase, mediates a broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzicola and fungal Magnaporthe grisea in rice (Oryza sativa). IAA, the major form of auxin in rice, results in rice more vulnerable to the invasion of different types of pathogens, which is at least partly due to IAA-induced loosening of the cell wall, the natural protective barrier of plant cells to invaders. X. oryzae pv oryzae, X. oryzae pv oryzicola, and M. grisea secrete IAA, which, in turn, may induce rice to synthesize its own IAA at the infection site. IAA induces the production of expansins, the cell wall-loosening proteins, and makes rice vulnerable to pathogens. GH3-2 is likely contributing to a minor quantitative trait locus for broad-spectrum resistance. Activation of GH3-2 inactivates IAA by catalyzing the formation of an IAA-amino acid conjugate, which results in the suppression of expansin genes. Thus, GH3-2 mediates basal resistance by suppressing pathogen-induced IAA accumulation. It is expected that, regulated by a pathogen-induced strong promoter, GH3-2 alone may be used for breeding rice with a broad-spectrum disease resistance.
Efficient allocation of packet-level forward error correction in video streaming over the Internet

Forward error correction (FEC) improves the quality of compressed video transmitted through a lossy network for real-time applications such as video streaming. The FEC techniques are generally applied on source video packets at the frame level. In this paper, we propose a technique where the FEC is applied on source packets at the group-of-pictures (GoP) level assuming an MPEG-like compression scheme. We derive analytically an estimate of the average playable frame rate for a given packet loss probability. Our analysis over a range of network conditions indicates that in most practical network conditions, the proposed technique provides a larger playable frame rate compared to the frame-level FEC technique. This analysis results are also validated by video streaming simulations conducted on the NS-2 network simulator.
A study of global numbering plan with active anti-spit capability on VoIP

The traditional E.164 codepsilas regularity enables the scoundrel to be possible not after the telecommunication userpsilas permission on easily the segment to userpsilas telephone number. It is difficult to meet the VoIP protection needs for using the packet filtering technology with the network-level gatekeeper defense mechanism. This paper proposed a VoIP access authorization verifying center (AAVC) mechanism which uses cocktail-like concept, which is integrated network-layer and circuit-layer and application-layer together to obtain both security and convenience of telecommunication demands. The telephone number with an arbitrarily user-established authorization verifying code is used to protect this screen host gateway mechanism. When the sender dials the IP telephone, he must dial in the telephone number and then dial * (star key) and input the confirmed identification code, after the registration server and the remote-end verification database compare the verifying code, then it gives the connection transfer through. This research inquired the AAVC confirmation mechanism has confirmed the whole construction design of the query server and the verification server. Also, under the global telecommunication networkpsilas tidal current, this research founds one to have the jurisdiction management, active Anti-Spam and the IP service graduation authorization global numbering plan.
Design of triple band printed slot antenna for WLAN/WiMAX applications

This paper presents the design of a triple band printed slot antenna for WLAN/WiMAX applications. The dual band notched characteristic is realized by adding two symmetrical strip lines into the side plan of slot antenna and split two symmetrical slots in the top plan of slot antenna. The proposed slot antenna can generate triple band (2.3-2.7 GHz, 3.28-3.88 GHz and 5.03-6.09 GHz) covering all frequencies bands of WLAN/WiMAX operation. The measured radiation patterns presented omni-directional and bi-directional antenna in xz and yz planes, respectively. The proposed slot antenna is suitable to apply for various WLAN/WiMAX applications.
Event‐related fMRI contrast when using constant interstimulus interval: Theory and experiment

Event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging (ER‐fMRI) involves the mapping of averaged hemodynamic changes resulting from repeated, brief (<3 sec) brain activation episodes. In this paper, two issues regarding constant‐interstimulus interval ER‐fMRI were addressed. First, the optimal interstimulus interval (ISI), given a stimulus duration (SD), was determined. Second, the statistical power of ER‐fMRI relative to that of a blocked‐design paradigm was determined. Experimentally, it was found that with a 2‐sec SD, the optimal ISI is 12 to 14 sec. Theoretically, the optimal repetition interval (Topt = ISI + SD) is 12 to 14 sec for stimuli of 2 sec or less. For longer stimuli, Topt is 8 + 2 • SD. At the optimal ISI for SD = 2 sec, the experimentally determined functional contrast of ER‐fMRI was only −35% lower than that of blocked‐design fMRI. Simulations that assumed a linear system demonstrated an event‐related functional contrast that was −65% lower than that of the blocked design. These differences between simulated and experimental contrast suggest that the ER‐fMRI amplitude is greater than that predicted by a linear shift‐invariant system. Magn Reson Med 43:540–548, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.