Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exchange Rate Pass-Through in the Global Economy

This paper estimates export and import price equations for 40 countries – including 19 emerging market economies (EMEs) – and aims to understand heterogeneity across countries in the degree of exchange rate pass-through to import and to export prices. Results indicate that (i) the elasticities of trade prices are sizeable in EMEs, and higher on average than in advanced economies for export prices; (ii) such elasticities are primarily influenced by macroeconomic factors; (iii) export and import price elasticities tend to be strongly correlated across countries; (iv) lower exchange rate pass-through in the United States, compared to other advanced economies, can be related to the geographical distribution of U.S. imports, more heavily concentrated in countries with high elasticity of export prices. Overall, these results yield an enhanced understanding of exchange rate pass-through, emphasizing the role of external factors.
Estimating 40 years of nitrogen deposition in global biomes using the SCIAMACHY NO2 column

ABSTRACT Owing to human activity, global nitrogen (N) cycles have been altered. In the past 100 years, global N deposition has increased. Currently, the monitoring and estimating of N deposition and the evaluation of its effects on global carbon budgets are the focus of many researchers. NO2 columns retrieved by space-borne sensors provide us with a new way of exploring global N cycles and these have the ability to estimate N deposition. However, the time range limitation of NO2 columns makes the estimation of long timescale N deposition difficult. In this study we used ground-based NOx emission data to expand the density of NO2 columns, and 40 years of N deposition (1970–2009) was inverted using the multivariate linear model with expanded NO2 columns. The dynamic of N deposition was examined in both global and biome scales. The results show that the average N deposition was 0.34 g N m–2 year–1 in the 2000s, which was an increase of 38.4% compared with the 1970s’. The total N deposition in different biomes is unbalanced. N deposition is only 38.0% of the global total in forest biomes; this is made up of 25.9%, 11.3, and 0.7% in tropical, temperate, and boreal forests, respectively. As N-limited biomes, there was little increase of N deposition in boreal forests. However, N deposition has increased by a total of 59.6% in tropical forests and croplands, which are N-rich biomes. Such characteristics may influence the effects on global carbon budgets.
A diagnostic model for distinguishing between active tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection based on the blood expression profiles of autophagy-related genes

Background: Autophagy is closely involved in the control of mycobacterial infection. Objectives: Here, a diagnostic model was developed using the levels of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in the blood to differentiate active tuberculosis (ATB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Design: Secondary data analysis of three prospective cohorts. Methods: The expression of ARGs in patients with ATB and LTBI were analyzed using the GSE37250, GSE19491, and GSE28623 datasets from the GEO database. Results: Twenty-two differentially expressed ARGs were identified in the training dataset GSE37250. Using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and multivariate logistic regression, three ARGs (FOXO1, CCL2, and ITGA3) were found that were positively associated with adaptive immune-related lymphocytes and negatively associated with myeloid and inflammatory cells. A nomogram was constructed using the three ARGs. The accuracy, consistency, and clinical relevance of the nomogram were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves, the C-index, calibration curves, and validation in the datasets GSE19491 and GSE28623. The nomogram showed good predictive performance. Conclusion: The nomogram was able to accurately differentiate between ATB and LTBI patients. These findings provide evidence for future study on the pathology of autophagy in tuberculosis infection.
The Sleep Quality- and Myopia-Linked PDE11A-Y727C Variant Impacts Neural Physiology by Reducing Catalytic Activity and Altering Subcellular Compartmentalization of the Enzyme

Recently, a Y727C variant in the dual-specific 3′,5′-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 11A (PDE11A-Y727C) was linked to increased sleep quality and reduced myopia risk in humans. Given the well-established role that the PDE11 substrates cAMP and cGMP play in eye physiology and sleep, we determined if (1) PDE11A protein is expressed in the retina or other eye segments in mice, (2) PDE11A-Y7272C affects catalytic activity and/or subcellular compartmentalization more so than the nearby suicide-associated PDE11A-M878V variant, and (3) Pde11a deletion alters eye growth or sleep quality in male and female mice. Western blots show distinct protein expression of PDE11A4, but not PDE11A1-3, in eyes of Pde11a WT, but not KO mice, that vary by eye segment and age. In HT22 and COS-1 cells, PDE11A4-Y727C reduces PDE11A4 catalytic activity far more than PDE11A4-M878V, with both variants reducing PDE11A4-cAMP more so than PDE11A4-cGMP activity. Despite this, Pde11a deletion does not alter age-related changes in retinal or lens thickness or axial length, nor vitreous or anterior chamber depth. Further, Pde11a deletion only minimally changes refractive error and sleep quality. That said, both variants also dramatically alter the subcellular compartmentalization of human and mouse PDE11A4, an effect occurring independently of dephosphorylating PDE11A4-S117/S124 or phosphorylating PDE11A4-S162. Rather, re-compartmentalization of PDE11A4-Y727C is due to the loss of the tyrosine changing how PDE11A4 is packaged/repackaged via the trans-Golgi network. Therefore, the protective impact of the Y727C variant may reflect a gain-of-function (e.g., PDE11A4 displacing another PDE) that warrants further investigation in the context of reversing/preventing sleep disturbances or myopia.
Association of Central serous chorioretinopathy with type of personality, anxiety and depression

Purpose: Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) a relatively common cause of visual impairment, which is characterized by subretinal fluid accumulation in the macula and is more common in middle-aged males. Various risk factors have been reported in literature, among which substantial role of psychological factors is cited. Our aim was to look for the prevalence and association of the psychiatric factors in CSCR patients and to compare them with other non-chorioretinal ocular pathologies. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational study was undertaken involving 91 CSCR patients, along with 91 patients with other non-chorioretinal diseases. Their risk factors, clinical history, ocular examination, and psychiatric assessments were done using standardized tools, and the groups were compared in terms of scoring of Framingham Type A scale (FTAS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Results: CSCR patients had a male:female ratio of 8:1. Chronic, bilateral, and recurrent diseases were found in 15%, 20%, and 23% cases, respectively. Anxiety disorder had a prevalence of 40%, followed by major depression with a prevalence of 24%, and these were significantly higher than non-chorioretinal disease patients (odds ratios 14.18 and 5.30, respectively). Also, these psychiatric disorders were significantly associated with an overall lower visual acuity and greater central macular thickness due to subretinal fluid accumulation. Conclusion: Psychiatric comorbidities like Type A personality trait and depression and anxiety disorders were significantly more prevalent in CSCR patients, compared to non-chorioretinal pathologies. Focus on psychological health would certainly benefit these patients in terms of better management of not only CSCR, but their psychiatric morbidity as well.
Cardiorespiratory fitness and morbidity and mortality in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective study with propensity score weighting

Abstract Introduction This study aimed to investigate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and perioperative morbidity and long-term mortality in operable patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods This prospective study included consecutive patients with early-stage NSCLC who underwent presurgical cardiopulmonary exercise testing between November 2014 and December 2019 (registration number: ChiCTR2100048120). Logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression were applied to evaluate the correlation between CRF and perioperative complications and long-term mortality, respectively. Propensity score overlap weighting was used to adjust for the covariates. We performed sensitivity analyses to determine the stability of our results. Results A total of 895 patients were followed for a median of 40 months [interquartile range 25]. The median age of the patients was 59 years [range 26–83], and 62.5% were male. During the study period, 156 perioperative complications and 146 deaths were observed. Low CRF was associated with a higher risk of death (62.9 versus 33.6 per 1000 person-years; weighted incidence rate difference, 29.34 [95% CI, 0.32 to 58.36] per 1000 person-years) and perioperative morbidity (241.6 versus 141.9 per 1000 surgeries; weighted incidence rate difference, 99.72 [95% CI, 34.75 to 164.70] per 1000 surgeries). A CRF of ≤ 20 ml/kg/min was significantly associated with a high risk of long-term mortality (weighted hazard ratio, 1.98 [95% CI, 1.31 to 2.98], p < 0.001) and perioperative morbidity (weighted odds ratio, 1.93 [1.28 to 2.90], p = 0.002) compared to higher CRF. Conclusion The study found that low CRF is significantly associated with increased perioperative morbidity and long-term mortality in operable patients with early-stage NSCLC.
A mechanism for chromite growth in ophiolite complexes: evidence from 3D high-resolution X-ray computed tomography images of chromite grains in Harold's Grave chromitite in the Shetland ophiolite.

ABSTRACT A fundamental difference exists between the textures of chromite crystals in chromitites in layered complexes and ophiolites. Those in layered complexes generally have euhedral octahedral shapes except where sintered, whereas those in ophiolites generally have rounded shapes accompanied commonly by nodular and more rarely dendritic chromite. Here we describe another texture characteristic of ophiolitic chromitite. The analysis of high-resolution X-ray computed tomography images of chromitite from Harold's Grave in the Shetland ophiolite has revealed 3D hopper structures on chromite grains. In 2D, these hopper structures appear at the surface of the chromite grain as stepped inward facing edges. A study of chromitites in 2D from ten ophiolite complexes has shown that all commonly contain chromite grains displaying these stepped edges. They occur mainly in protected enclaves surrounded by chromite grains that otherwise have rounded edges. The hopper crystals and the often associated clusters of inclusions represent periods of chromite crystal growth in a chromite supersaturated magma due to the presence of a more supercooled and more volatile-rich magma than that present in most layered complexes. Subsequent exposure of chromite crystals to chromite-undersaturated magma caused corrosion, resulting in the characteristic rounded shape of the ophiolitic chromite grains.
Hypertension in NF1: A closer look at the primacy of essential hypertension versus secondary causes

Abstract Background We aimed to analyze hypertension in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) in a Finnish population‐based cohort in 1996–2014. Methods A cohort of 1365 individuals with confirmed NF1 was compared with a control cohort of 13,923 individuals matched for age, sex, and area of residence. Diagnoses of hypertension were retrieved from the Finnish Care Register for Health Care. These registered data were separately analyzed for secondary and essential hypertension. Purchases of antihypertensive drugs were queried from the Finnish Register of Reimbursed Drug Purchases. Results We identified 115 NF1 patients with hospital diagnosis of hypertension. Our findings revealed a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.64 (95% CI 1.34–2.00, p < 0.001) in NF1 versus controls. NF1 patients presented with a significantly increased hazard for both secondary hypertension (n = 9, HR 3.76, 95% CI 1.77–7.95, p < 0.001) and essential hypertension (n = 98, HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.39–2.14, p < 0.001). No difference in the HR of hypertension was observed between men and women, while NF1 patients with essential hypertension were, on average, younger than the controls. The proportions of individuals with antihypertensive medication did not differ between NF1 patients and controls (OR 0.85). Conclusion NF1 is a risk factor for hypertension. Despite the recognized risk for secondary hypertension, essential hypertension is the predominant type in NF1.
Establishment and validation of a prediction model for myocarditis in Chinese children below 14 years old: a protocol for a retrospective cohort study

Introduction Paediatric myocarditis, a rare inflammatory disease, often presents without clear early symptoms. Although cardiac troponin I levels can aid in diagnosing myocarditis, they are not definitive indicators. Troponin I levels frequently fluctuate within and outside the reference range, potentially causing misinterpretations by clinicians. Although a negative troponin I result is valuable for excluding myocarditis, its specificity is low. Moreover, the clinical diagnosis of paediatric myocarditis is exceptionally challenging, and accurate early-stage diagnosis and treatment pose difficulties. Currently, the Dallas criteria, involving cardiac biopsy, serves as the gold standard for myocarditis diagnosis. However, this method has several drawbacks and is unsuitable for children, resulting in its limited use. Methods and analysis In this study, we will employ multiple logistic regression analysis to develop a predictive model for early childhood myocarditis. This model will assess the patient’s condition at onset and provide the probability of a myocarditis diagnosis. Model performance will be evaluated for accuracy and calibration, and the results will be presented through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration plots. Clinical decision curve analysis, in conjunction with ROC curve analysis, will be employed to determine the optimal cut-off value and calculate the net clinical benefit value for assessing clinical effectiveness. Finally, internal model validation will be conducted using bootstrapping. Ethics and dissemination Approval from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University has been obtained. The research findings will be disseminated through presentations at scientific conferences and publication in peer-reviewed journals.
BIC-LP: A Hybrid Higher-Order Dynamic Bayesian Network Score Function for Gene Regulatory Network Reconstruction

Reconstructing gene regulatory networks(GRNs) is an increasingly hot topic in bioinformatics. Dynamic Bayesian network(DBN) is a stochastic graph model commonly used as a vital model for GRN reconstruction. But probabilistic characteristics of biological networks and the existence of data noise bring great challenges to GRN reconstruction and always lead to many false positive/negative edges. <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Score}_{Lasso}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mi>o</mml:mi><mml:mi>r</mml:mi><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>L</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mi>o</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="wang-ieq1-3345317.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> is a hybrid DBN score function combining DBN and linear regression with good performance. Its performance is, however, limited by first-order assumption and ignorance of the initial network of DBN. In this article, an integrated model based on higher-order DBN model, higher-order Lasso linear regression model and Pearson correlation model is proposed. Based on this, a hybrid higher-order DBN score function for GRN reconstruction is proposed, namely BIC-LP. BIC-LP score function is constructed by adding terms based on Lasso linear regression coefficients and Pearson correlation coefficients on classical BIC score function. Therefore, it could capture more information from dataset and curb information loss, compared with both many existing Bayesian family score functions and many state-of-the-art methods for GRN reconstruction. Experimental results show that BIC-LP can reasonably eliminate some false positive edges while retaining most true positive edges, so as to achieve better GRN reconstruction performance.
Karakteristik Nori dari Campuran Rumput Laut Ulva lactuca dan Eucheuma cottonii

Abstrak Rumput laut jenis Ulva lactuca dan Eucheuma cottonii merupakan rumput laut yang dapat dijumpai di perairan Indonesia, akan tetapi pemanfaatannya sebagai produk nori belum dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memproduksi nori dari rumput laut U. lactuca dan E. cottonii dan menguji karakteristik mutu fisik, kimia dan sensori. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa campuran rumput laut U. lactuta dan E. cottonii dapat menghasilkan produk nori yang berkualitas. Hasil uji organoleptik menunjukkan produk nori yang dipanggang lebih dapat diterima dibandingkan nori tidak dipanggang. Karakteristik kimia dan fisik produk berbeda nyata pada taraf 5%. Hasil analisis karakteristik kimia menunjukkan bahwa produk nori rumput laut U. lactuca dan E. cottonii mempunyai kandungan protein yang lebih rendah (18.84%), kandungan karbohidrat yang lebih tinggi (62.31%), kandungan serat pangan yang lebih tinggi (36.76%) dan kapasitas antioksidan yang lebih rendah (43.01%) dibandingkan nori komersial (karbohidrat 41.8%, protein 40%, serat 21.3%, kapasitas antioksidan 51%). Characteristics of the Nori from Mixture of Ulva lactuca and Eucheuma cottonii Seaweeds Abstract Ulva lactuca and Eucheuma cottonii are seaweed that are available in Indonesia, but their utilization as food product is very limited. This study aimed to produce nori processed from mixture of U. lactuca and E. cottonii seaweed and evaluate the quality characteristics of the physical, chemical and sensory of the product. The results showed that a mixture of U. lactuca and E. cottonii seaweed could be processed into the nori. Organoleptic tests showed that roasted nori product were more acceptable than unroasted nori. The chemical and physical characteristics of the product significantly different at the level of 5%. Chemical characteristics showed that the nori product from U. lactuca and E. cottoniiseaweed contained higher carbohydrate (62.31%), lower protein (18.84%), higher fiber content (36.76%) and slightly lower antioxidant capacity (43.01%) compared to commercial nori (carbohydrate 41.8%, protein 40%, fiber 21.3%, and antioxidant capacity 51%).
A reconstruction method of porosity for clastic reservoirs during the crucial period of hydrocarbon accumulation

A hydrocarbon accumulation process is an event of geological history.In order to better understand this event,the reconstruction of reservoir porosity during geological history,especially in a crucial period of hydrocarbon accumulation,can help in quantitatively reconstructing geological conditions of hydrocarbon accumulation.Based on a geological thought of "uniformitarianism",the present paper established a new method to reconstruct reservoir porosity of the crucial hydrocarbon accumulation.Taking the 4th member of the Shahejie Formation as an example and based on its classification of diagenetic types and stages,we proposed a new concept of combined porosity influencing factor(F for short) by investigating factors that influence the porosity of sandstones with a certain depth at different diagenetic stages,established an evolutionary curve of porosity that is restricted by combined porosity influencing factors,and finally reconstructed the paleo-porosity in crucial hydrocarbon accumulation periods for the 4th member of the Shahejie Formation in the Cao 11-Wang 59 section of the Dongying sag by applying this porosity evolutionary curve.The result shows that the application of this method can achieve a convincing result in reconstructing paleo-porosity.
Detection of Cleaved Stx2a in the Blood of STEC-Infected Patients

Typical hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is mainly caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) releasing Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2). Two different structures of this AB5 toxin have been described: uncleaved, with intact B and A chains, and cleaved, with intact B and a nicked A chain consisting of two fragments, A1 and A2, connected by a disulfide bond. Despite having the same toxic effect on sensitive cells, the two forms differ in their binding properties for circulating cells, serum components and complement factors, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of HUS differently. The outcome of STEC infections and the development of HUS could be influenced by the relative amounts of uncleaved or cleaved Stx2 circulating in patients’ blood. Cleaved Stx2 was identified and quantified for the first time in four out of eight STEC-infected patients’ sera by a method based on the inhibition of cell-free translation. Cleaved Stx2 was present in the sera of patients with toxins bound to neutrophils and in two out of three patients developing HUS, suggesting its involvement in HUS pathogenesis, although in association with other bacterial or host factors.
Inhibiting Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase with 1400W Reduces Soman (GD)-Induced Ferroptosis in Long-Term Epilepsy-Associated Neuropathology: Structural and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlations with Neurobehavior and Brain Pathology

Organophosphate (OP) nerve agent (OPNA) intoxication leads to long-term brain dysfunctions. The ineffectiveness of current treatments for OPNA intoxication prompts a quest for the investigation of the mechanism and an alternative effective therapeutic approach. Our previous studies on 1400W, a highly selective inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, showed improvement in epilepsy and seizure-induced brain pathology in rat models of kainate and OP intoxication. In this study, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities, behavioral outcomes, and biomarkers were comprehensively investigated for brain abnormalities following soman (GD) intoxication in a rat model. T1 and T2 MRI robustly identified pathologic microchanges in brain structures associated with GD toxicity, and 1400W suppressed those aberrant alterations. Moreover, functional network reduction was evident in the cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus after GD exposure, and 1400W rescued the losses except in the thalamus. Behavioral tests showed protection by 1400W against GD-induced memory dysfunction, which also correlated with the extent of brain pathology observed in structural and functional MRIs. GD exposure upregulated iron-laden glial cells and ferritin levels in the brain and serum, 1400W decreased ferritin levels in the epileptic foci in the brain but not in the serum. The levels of brain ferritin also correlated with MRI parameters. Further, 1400W mitigated the overproduction of nitroxidative markers after GD exposure. Overall, this study provides direct evidence for the relationships of structural and functional MRI modalities with behavioral and molecular abnormalities following GD exposure and the neuroprotective effect of an iNOS inhibitor, 1400W. SIGNIFICANT STATEMENT Our studies demonstrate the MRI microchanges in the brain following GD toxicity, which strongly correlate with neurobehavioral performances and iron homeostasis. The inhibition of iNOS with 1400W mitigates GD-induced cognitive decline, iron dysregulation, and aberrant brain MRI findings. :