Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ethics in Finance

W ith its deep roots in economics and its preference for efficient markets, finance has derived a theoretically based set of decision rules which, if followed, will lead to the most efficient outcome for the individual investor in the business enterprise, and for society. Financial institutions and business enterprises that contribute to the individual investor will prosper. Those that do not contribute will be replaced. The traditional finance curriculum focuses on the specificity and logic of models directed to the maximization of shareholder wealth in efficient financial markets as the unifying, measurable goal. These financial theories are reinforced by the power of the marketplace. The globalization of the financial and product markets has subjected the business enterprise and, indeed, nation states to their faceless power as evidenced by the Asian currency crisis of 1997 and the unfriendly takeover of Germany's Mannesmann by Britain's Vodafone AirTouch. With few exceptions, economic and financial models are based on the assumption of rational choice as the underlying theory of value. Alternative economic theories that introduce motivations beyond the narrowly defined economic self interest, such as altruism, tend to do so in a rational choice model. ] The rationality assumption is extended in finance to self-interested individuals interacting in free markets with enterprises conceptualized as a connected series of contracts devoted to the objective of maximizing shareholder wealth. Ethicists take a very different approach to human and institutional behavior. While (value free) finance focuses on instrumental rationality where the concern is with the means through which an end is achieved, ethics would apply normative ethical reasoning with a special focus on the ends. Ethicists are concerned with a contract's heuristic dimensions as distinct from a singular emphasis
Transcriptional Regulation of PIK3CA Oncogene by NF-κB in Ovarian Cancer Microenvironment

PIK3CA upregulation, amplification and mutation have been widely reported in ovarian cancers and other tumors, which strongly suggests that PIK3CA is a promising therapeutic target. However, to date the mechanisms underlying PIK3CA regulation and activation in vivo is still unclear. During tumorigenesis, host-tumor interactions may play a critical role in editing the tumor. Here, we report a novel mechanism through which the tumor microenvironment activates the PIK3CA oncogene. We show that PIK3CA upregulation occurs in non-proliferating tumor regions in vivo. We identified and characterized the PIK3CA 5′ upstream transcriptional regulatory region and confirmed that PIK3CA is transcriptionally regulated through NF-κB pathway. These results offer a new mechanism through which the tumor microenvironment directly activates oncogenic pathways in tumor cells.
Automatic video annotation with adaptive number of key words

Retrieving videos using key words requires obtaining the semantic features of the videos. Most work reported in the literature focuses on annotating a video shot with a fixed number of key words, no matter how much information is contained in the video shot. In this paper, we propose a new approach to automatically annotate a video shot with an adaptive number of annotation key words according to the richness of the video content. A semantic candidate set (SCS) with fixed size is discovered using visual features. Then the final annotation set, which has an unfixed number of key words, is obtained from the SCS by using Bayesian inference, which combines static and dynamic inference to remove the irrelevant candidate key words. We have applied our approach to video retrieval. The experiments demonstrate that video retrieval using our annotation approach outperforms retrieval using a fixed number of annotation words.
TREATMENT OF ARTHRITIS BY GENE TRANSFER IN ANIMAL MODELS

Curiel, and M. L. Birnstiel. 1992. Coupling of adenovirus to transferrin-polysine/DNA complexes greatly enhances receptor-mediated gene delivery and expression of transfected genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89(July):6099-6103. Weinthal, J., J. A. Nolta, X. J. Yu, J. Lilley, L. Uribe, and D. B. Kohn. 1991. Expression of human glucocerebrosidase following retroviral vectormediated transduction of murine hematopoietic stem cells. Bone Marrow Transplant 8:403-412. Wolfe, J. H. , M. S. Sands, J. E. Barker, B. Gwynne, L. B. Rowe, C. A. Vogler, and E. H. Birkenmeier. 1992. Reversal of pathology in murine mucopolysaccharidosis type VII by somatic cell gene transfer. Nature 360:749-753. Wu, G. Y. , and C. H. Wu. 1987. Receptor-mediated in vitro gene transformation by a soluble DNA carrier system. J. Biol. Chem. 262:44294432. Wu, G. Y. , J. M. Wilson, F. Shalaby, M. Grossman, D. A. Shafritz, C. H. Wu. 1991. Receptor-mediated gene delivery in vivo. Partial correction of genetic analbuminemia in Nagase rats. J. Biol. Chem. 266:1433814342. Yao, S. N. , K. J. Smith, and K. Kurachi. 1994. Primary myoblast-mediated gene-transfer-persistent expression of human factor IX in mice. Gene Ther. l(2):99-107. Zabner, J. W. , L. A. Couture, R. J. Gregory, S. M. Graham, A. E. Smith, and M. J. Welsh. 1993. Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer transiently corrects the chloride transport defect in nasal epithelial of patients with cystic fibrosis. Cell 75:207-216.
Yanshu spraying agent, a traditional Chinese medicine, relieves chronic pharyngitis in animals by anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects

Chronic pharyngitis is chronic inflammation that is often caused by repeated occurrences of acute pharyngitis or upper respiratory tract infections, including Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Yanshu spraying agent (Yanshu) in relieving chronic pharyngitis, as well as the possible underlying mechanisms. The results revealed that Yanshu inhibited chronic inflammation in ammonia-induced chronic pharyngitis in rabbits and cotton pellet-induced granuloma tissue formation in rats. Yanshu also demonstrated antibacterial effects on Streptococcus and Staphylococcus in vitro. Yanshu did not exhibit any effects on the immune system, including the spleen and thymus indexes, immunocyte count and monocyte-macrophage function, when compared with the effects of dexamethasone. Therefore, the results of the present study indicate that Yanshu may relieve chronic pharyngitis via its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities.
Massive, topologically massive, models

In three dimensions, there are two distinct mass-generating mechanisms for gauge fields: adding the usual Proca/Pauli–Fierz, or the more esoteric Chern–Simons (CS), terms. Here, we analyse the three-term models where both types are present and their various limits. Surprisingly, in the tensor case, these seemingly innocuous systems are physically unacceptable. If the sign of the Einstein term is 'wrong', as is in fact required in the CS theory, then the excitation masses are always complex; with the usual sign, there is a (known) region of the two mass parameters where reality is restored, but instead a ghost problem arises, while for the 'pure mass' two-term system without an Einstein action, complex masses are unavoidable. This contrasts with the smooth behaviour of the corresponding vector models. Separately, we show that the 'partial masslessness' exhibited by (plain) massive spin-2 models in de Sitter backgrounds is shared by the three-term system: it also enjoys a reduced local gauge invariance when this mass parameter is tuned to the cosmological constant.
Revisiting the challenges in aligning RE and V&V: Experiences from the public sector

Successful coordination of Requirements Engineering and Testing (RET) is crucial in large-scale software engineering. If the activities involved in RET are not aligned, effort is inevitably wasted, and the probability of delivering high quality software products in time decreases. Previous work has identified sixteen challenges in aligning RET in a case study of six companies. However, all six case companies selected for the study are active in proprietary software engineering. In this experience report, we discuss to what extent the identified RET alignment challenges apply to the development of a large information system for managing grants from the European Union. We confirm that most of the findings from previous work also apply to the public sector, including the challenges of aligning goals within an organization, specifying high-quality requirements, and verifying quality aspects. Furthermore, we emphasize that the public sector might be impacted by shifting political power, and that several RET alignment challenges are amplified in multi-project environments.
Decomposition of a visual scene into three-dimensional bodies

We consider visual scenes composed by the optical image of a group of bodies. When such a scene is "seen" by a computer through a film spot scanner, image dissector, or similar device, it can be treated as a two-dimensional array of numbers, or as a function of two variables. At a higher level, a scene could be meaningfully described as a conglomerate of points, lines and surfaces, with properties (coordinates, slopes, .) attached to them. Still a more sophisticated description could use terms concerning the bodies or objects which compose such a scene, indicating their positions, inter-relations, etc. This paper describes a program which finds bodies in a scene, presumably formed by three-dimensional objects. Some of them may not be completely visible. The picture is presented as a line drawing. When SEE—the pretentious name of the program— analyzes the scene TRIAL (see Figure 1 'TRIAL'), the results are:
Single‐molecule investigation of the interference between kinesin, tau and MAP2c

Motor proteins and microtubule‐associated proteins (MAPs) play important roles in cellular transport, regulation of shape and polarity of cells. While motor proteins generate motility, MAPs are thought to stabilize the microtubule tracks. However, the proteins also interfere with each other, such that MAPs are able to inhibit transport of vesicles and organelles in cells. In order to investigate the mechanism of MAP–motor interference in molecular detail, we have studied single kinesin molecules by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy in the presence of different neuronal MAPs (tau, MAP2c). The parameters observed included run‐length (a measure of processivity), velocity and frequency of attachment. The main effect of MAPs was to reduce the attachment frequency of motors. This effect was dependent on the concentration, the affinity to microtubules and the domain composition of MAPs. In contrast, once attached, the motors did not show a change in speed, nor in their run‐length. The results suggest that MAPs can regulate motor activity on the level of initial attachment, but not during motion.
Scaled Evolutionary Development of Topological Network Designs through Specialised Genetic Operators

Acknowledgements Thanks go to Inman Harvey, the EASy course director, and Andy Philippides, my dissertation supervisor, for their help and wisdom in guiding me in my research and interests throughout this project. Thanks also go to Ezequiel Di Paolo, who provided t he impetus for my interest in this topic and encouragement in my early research in the subject. Personal thanks are most heartily deserved by my family as well as the Rose family for all of their support, by my colleagues on the course, and by Sean " Blown Tire " Whalen, for last-minute proofreading and general encouragement. Finally, my gratitude goes to Mariamne Rose for all of her support, understanding, and affection. Abstract The network design problem can be defined as the search for optimal topological configurations of links connecting a set of fixed nodes. Most of the previous work on the subject has been restricted to small networks of fewer than 20 nodes due to processing and memory requirements as well as the huge increase in complexity seen as network size is increased. This project explores scaling a genetic algorithm to adapt to solving the problem for much larger networks of up to 200 nodes while still obtaining optimal or near-optimal solutions for all node configurations. A variety of t echniques are used, including specialised genetic operators and heuristics, to improve both the efficiency and performance of the GA in developing solutions to the increasingly complex problems.
Power gain and dissipation in quantum-dot cellular automata

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) may provide a novel way to bypass the transistor paradigm to form molecular-scale computing elements. In the QCA paradigm information is represented by the charge configuration of a QCA cell. We develop a theoretical approach, based on the density matrix formalism, which permits examination of energy flow in QCA devices. Using a simple two-state model to describe the cell, and an energy relaxation time to describe the coupling to the environment, we arrive at an equation of motion well suited to the quasi-adiabatically switched regime. We use this to examine the role of power gain and power dissipation in QCA cells. We show that QCA cells can exhibit true signal power gain. The energy lost to dissipative processes is restored by the clock. We calculate the power dissipated to the environment in QCA circuits and show that it is possible to achieve the ultralow levels of power dissipation required at molecular densities.
Sigma point methods in optimal smoothing of non-linear stochastic state space models

In this article, we shall show how the sigma-point based approximations that have previously been used in optimal filtering can also be used in optimal smoothing. In particular, we shall consider unscented transformation, Gauss-Hermite quadrature and central differences based optimal smoothers. We briefly present the smoother equations and compare performance of different methods in simulated scenarios.
A rigidity theorem for Lagrangian deformations

We consider deformations of singular Lagrangian varieties in symplectic manifolds. We prove that a Lagrangian deformation of a Lagrangian complete intersection is analytically rigid provided that this is the case infinitesimally. This result is given as a consequence of the coherence of the direct image sheaves of relative infinitesimal Lagrangian deformations.
Evolving evolutionary algorithms using evolutionary algorithms

A new model for automatic generation of Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) by evolutionary means is proposed in this paper. The model is based on a simple Genetic Algorithm (GA). Every GA chromosome encodes an EA, which is used for solving a particular problem. Several Evolutionary Algorithms for function optimization are evolved by using the considered model. Numerical experiments show that the evolved Evolutionary Algorithms perform similarly and sometimes even better than standard approaches for several well-known benchmarking problems.
HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ABNORMALITIES IN CASE OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS IN MALWA REGION (INDORE)

Malwa is a natural region in west-central northern India occupying a plateau of volcanic origin. Tuberculosis is an epidemiological problem which is associated with changing pattern of RBC indices. At least thousand deaths occur from tuberculosis each year in Indore alone. The Present study was carried out at Shri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences, Manorma Raje Tuberculosis Hospital & from different DOTS Centers of Indore between March 2009 to March 2010. Hematological abnormalities were observed in study group and were significant (p < 0.001) when the data were compared to control. The Present study concluded that alteration in RBC indices takes place due to rise in CRP level resulting anemia in PTB Patients.
ON EFFICIENT VISUALIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR HIGHRESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING DATA

The organization and access of remote sensing data and the stitching and fitting of remote sensing data from different sources with different resolutions are major efficient techniques for high resolution remote sensing data in network environment. A new method for improving the access efficiency of high resolution remotely data by “Big file” organization is presented. The interior data organization and index structure with compressed information of the “Big file” are discussed. A “virtual data resource” is introduced to solve the stitching of remote sensing data from different sources with different resolutions. The amendatory algorithms for remote sensing data are given. All these techniques have been adopted in a prototype of digital china, which named “ChinaStar”, and have been successful applied to different application systems, such as digital tourism and fight routes simulation and land use management.
AutoTag : A Web-Based Automatic Document Markup System

The increasing acceptance of XML as a standard for document markup promises to provide solutions for the problems of document management and retrieval. However, existing documents must be converted into XML. In this paper we present the AutoTag system, which automatically converts text documents into XML. The system has a hybrid architecture, arranging tagged documents on a twodimensional Self-Organizing Map (SOM) such that nearby locations contain similar documents, and then using an inductive learning algorithm to automatically extract and apply auto-tagging rules from the neighbours of an untagged document. The system is adaptive, so that once a document is tagged in XML, AutoTag learns from its errors in order to improve accuracy. The automatically tagged documents can subsequently be categorized on the Self-Organizing Map, further improving the map's resolution. Our system has been evaluated on a number of different domains, giving good results.
Exploring the brain basis of joint action: Co-ordination of actions, goals and intentions

Abstract Humans are frequently confronted with goal-directed tasks that can not be accomplished alone, or that benefit from co-operation with other agents. The relatively new field of social cognitive neuroscience seeks to characterize functional neuroanatomical systems either specifically or preferentially engaged during such joint-action tasks. Based on neuroimaging experiments conducted on critical components of joint action, the current paper outlines the functional network upon which joint action is hypothesized to be dependant. This network includes brain areas likely to be involved in interpersonal co-ordination at the action, goal, and intentional levels. Experiments focusing specifically on joint-action situations similar to those encountered in real life are required to further specify this model.
Neighborhood sharing particle swarm optimization

Biological results suggest that information provided by neighborhood of each individual offers an evolutionary advantage, furthermore, the current state of neighbors significantly impact on the decision process of group members. However, particle swarm algorithm, as a simulation of group foraging behavior, does not introduce the neighborhood sharing information into its evolutionary equations. Hence, this paper replaces the individual experience by the neighbor sharing information of current state and proposes the neighborhood sharing particle swarm algorithm. In order to verify the performance of the algorithm, five typical high dimensional multimodal functions are selected and the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is not only superior to the standard version, but also much better than the other two variants.
Existence of Minimum-Repair-Bandwidth Cooperative Regenerating Codes

In distributed storage systems, a new class of fault-tolerant codes, called regenerating codes, was introduced in order to minimize the traffic required in repairing a failed storage node. Studies of regenerating codes in the literature mainly focus on repairing a single-node failure. Nevertheless, multiple-node failure is common in real systems. In this paper, we consider the problem of regenerating multiple failed nodes simultaneously and cooperatively. We give a lower bound of the repair- bandwidth under cooperative repair. The tightness of this lower bound is proved by constructing a flow in the information flow graph which matches this lower bound. Based on the construction of flow, we prove the existence of linear regenerating codes with repair-bandwidth equal to the lower bound, with an explicit bound on the required finite field size.
Mapping of Stat3 serine phosphorylation to a single residue (727) and evidence that serine phosphorylation has no influence on DNA binding of Stat1 and Stat3.

During their polypeptide ligand-induced activation Stats (signaltransducers andactivators oftranscription) 1 and 3 acquire, in addition to an obligatory tyrosine phosphorylation, phosphorylation on serine which boosts their transactivating potential [Wen, Z. , Zhong, Z. and Darnell, J. E. Jr. (1995) Cell 82, 241-250]. By examining phosphopeptide maps of wild-type and mutant protein we show here that the Stat3 serine phosphorylation, like the Stat1 serine phosphorylation, occurs on a single residue, serine 727. Neither the DNA binding of Stat1 nor Stat3 is demonstrably affected by the presence or absence of the serine phosphorylation. Thus the earlier demonstration that transcription is enhanced by the presence of the serine 727 residue likely occurs after DNA binding. These findings do not agree with earlier claims of excess serine to tyrosine phosphorylation in activated Stats 1 and 3 or to claims of more stable DNA binding of serine phosphorylated Stat dimers.
An Architecture to Process Massive Vehicular Traffic Data

Fostered by the "big data" hype in mobility, many research efforts have been aimed at improving techniques to model vehicular traffic patterns for mobility prediction. Nevertheless, from a practical stance, the industry still faces many technological challenges in bringing solutions on the market. Especially the scalability and performance of such systems raise major concerns, given the amount of spatio-temporal data to be processed. The common approach in dealing with these issues is to introduce constraints and/or simplifications on both the spatial component of the data and on the employed algorithms, leading to results that are somehow limited. To overcome these issues, in this paper we report on our experiences and our approaches in providing a solution that meets industrial needs with the aim to leverage the computational and storage capabilities of the Cloud to handle massive dataset for providing vehicular traffic predictions. In particular, we present an approach to deal with real-world datasets to facilitate the knowledge discovery process from this data while matching the business constraints given by the industrial use case.
The Role of Efficiency as an Explanation of International Income Differences

Why are some countries richer than others? If, as some recent work has suggested, the answer lies not in differences in physical and human capital accumulation but in differences in productivity, this merely shifts the question to: why are some countries more productive than others? This paper investigates differences in productive efficiency as an explanation of international income difference using stochastic frontier analysis. We find that human capital and geography are important in explaining differences in productive inefficiency in a panel of 82 countries over the period 1960-87. We also investigate the effects of government policy, as measured by its fiscal stance, on a subset of OECD countries over a shorter period. We find that increases in the budget surplus are associated with lower levels of productive efficiency in the economy as a whole.