Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cholinesterase Inhibitors on Mortality in Patients With Dementia

Background and Objectives Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) have cardiovascular effects in addition to their neurologic activity and might alter mortality. We wanted to know whether treatment with ChEIs modifies mortality in patients with dementia. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ICRTP, from their inception to November 2021, and screened bibliographies of reviews, guidelines, and included studies. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized controlled studies at lower risk of bias comparing ChEI treatment with placebo or usual treatment, for 6 months or longer, in patients with dementia of any type. Two investigators independently assessed studies for inclusion, assessed their risk of bias, and extracted data using predefined forms. Any discordance between investigators was solved by discussion and consensus. Data on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, measured as either crude death rates or multivariate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs), were pooled using a random-effect model. Information size achieved was assessed using trial sequential analysis (TSA). We followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results Twenty-four studies (12 RCTs, 12 cohorts, mean follow-up 6–120 months), cumulating 79,153 patients with Alzheimer (13 studies), Parkinson (1), vascular (1), or any type (9) dementia, fulfilled inclusion criteria. Pooled all-cause mortality in control patients was 15.1 per 100 person-years. Treatment with ChEIs was associated with lower all-cause mortality (unadjusted risk ratio [RR] 0.74, 95% CI 0.66–0.84; adjusted HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.70–0.84, moderate-quality to high-quality evidence). This result was consistent between randomized and nonrandomized studies and in several sensitivity analyses. No difference appeared between subgroups by type of dementia, age, individual drug, or dementia severity. Less data were available for cardiovascular mortality (3 RCTs, 2 cohorts, 9,182 patients, low-quality to moderate-quality evidence), which was also lower in patients treated with ChEIs (unadjusted RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.40–0.93, adjusted HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.32–0.68). In TSA analysis, the results for all-cause mortality were conclusive but not those for cardiovascular mortality. Discussion There is moderate-quality to high-quality evidence of a consistent association between long-term treatment with ChEIs and a reduction in all-cause mortality in patients with dementia. These findings may influence decisions to prescribe ChEIs in those patients. Trial Registration Information This systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews with the number CRD42021254458 (June 11, 2021).
Revisiting local branching with a machine learning lens

Finding high-quality solutions to mixed-integer linear programming problems (MILPs) is of great importance for many practical applications. In this respect, the refinement heuristic local branching (LB) has been proposed to produce improving solutions and has been highly influential for the development of local search methods in MILP. The algorithm iteratively explores a sequence of solution neighborhoods defined by the so-called local branching constraint, namely, a linear inequality limiting the distance from a reference solution. For a LB algorithm, the choice of the neighborhood size is critical to performance. In this work, we study the relation between the size of the search neighborhood and the behavior of the underlying LB algorithm, and we devise a leaning based framework for predicting the best size for the specific instance to be solved. Furthermore, we have also investigated the relation between the time limit for exploring the LB neighborhood and the actual performance of LB scheme, and devised a strategy for adapting the time limit. We computationally show that the neighborhood size and time limit can indeed be learned, leading to improved performances and that the overall algorithm generalizes well both with respect to the instance size and, remarkably, across instances.
Characterizing and Understanding Temporal Effects in COVID-19 Data

Since the global outbreak of the coronavirus 2019 pandemic, hundreds of works have been published, analyzing and modeling multiple aspects of the disease. Several of them venture into predictive and modeling tasks, such as mortality prediction and patient severity scoring, using machine-learning (ML) algorithms. An important limitation for most of these works is the fact that they do not consider the multiple temporal aspects of this pandemic, especially regarding disease profile and distributional changes over the months. Such temporal effects are mostly due to multiple interactions between different and novel viral strains, combined with mass vaccination campaigns targeting different groups or patterns (e.g., prioritizing older individuals and those with comorbidity first) and availability of different vaccines. These temporal effects result in impaired model effectiveness and classification errors. In this paper, using a large dataset with over 10,000 patients from 39 hospitals in Brazil admitted during a period of more than 20 months, we provide an overview of the multiple forms of temporal drift that happened during the pandemic and the magnitude of their effects on model effectiveness. Our analyses encompass changes in the severely ill patients’ profile as well as how mortality rates have changed over time. We also investigate how the importance of different predictive variables change and shift over time.
Mitigating Toxic Stress in At-Risk Youth through an Agriculture-Based After School Program

Adverse childhood experiences and accompanying toxic stress have negative impacts on children. Of particular interest, then, is identifying strategies that could help at-risk youth mitigate the impacts of toxic stress. Using a phenomenology based, qualitatively dominant research approach, this study explores dynamics of toxic stress in at-risk youth and how the On The Rise program, an agricultural-based after school program for at-risk youth, addresses toxic stress. The findings elucidate that the youth endured several social and environmental conditions that could contribute to toxic stress. Youth also described several toxic stress responses (signs) in their day to day lives. Youth comments exemplify three areas that they perceive to have experienced positive outcomes (such as school performance, family, dynamics, and peer relationships) and five program attributes collectively contributing to positive outcomes. Implications for program development targeting at-risk youth are presented and discussed.
Cool Star Science with the FIRE Spectrograph

The Folded-port InfraRed Echellette (FIRE) has recently been commissioned on the Magellan 6.5m Baade Telescope. This single object, near-infrared spectrometer simultaneously covers the 0.85-2.45 micron window in both cross-dispersed (R ~ 6000) or prism-dispersed (R ~ 250-350) modes. FIRE's compact configuration, high transmission optics and high quantum efficiency detector provides considerable sensitivity in the near-infrared, making it an ideal instrument for studies of cool stars and brown dwarfs. Here we present some of the first cool star science results with FIRE based on commissioning and science verification observations, including evidence of clouds in a planetary-mass brown dwarf, accretion and jet emission in the low-mass T Tauri star TWA 30B, radial velocities of T-type brown dwarfs, and near-infrared detection of a debris disk associated with the DAZ white dwarf GALEX 1931+01.
QUANTUM NATURE OF CYCLOTRON HARMONICS IN THERMAL SPECTRA OF NEUTRON STARS

Some isolated neutron stars (NSs) show harmonically spaced absorption features in their thermal soft X-ray spectra. The interpretation of the features as a cyclotron line and its harmonics has been suggested, but the usual explanation of the harmonics as caused by relativistic effects fails because the relativistic corrections are extremely small in this case. We suggest that the features, known as quantum oscillations, correspond to the peaks in the energy dependence of the free–free opacity in a quantizing magnetic field. The peaks arise when the transitions to new Landau levels become allowed with increasing the photon energy; they are strongly enhanced by the square-root singularities in the phase-space density of quantum states in the case when the free (non-quantized) motion is effectively one dimensional. To explore observable properties of these quantum oscillations, we calculate models of hydrogen NS atmospheres with B ∼ 1010–1011 G (i.e., electron cyclotron energy Ec,e ∼ 0.1–1 keV) and Teff = 1–3 MK. Such conditions are thought to be typical for the so-called central compact objects in supernova remnants, such as 1E 1207.4–5209 in PKS 1209–51/52. We show that observable features at the electron cyclotron harmonics form at moderately large values of the quantization parameter, beff ≡ Ec,e/kTeff ≃ 0.5–20. The equivalent widths of the features can reach ∼100–200 eV; they grow with increasing beff and are lower for higher harmonics.
THE FERMI GBM GAMMA-RAY BURST SPECTRAL CATALOG: THE FIRST TWO YEARS

We present systematic spectral analyses of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) during its first two years of operation. This catalog contains two types of spectra extracted from 487 GRBs, and by fitting four different spectral models, this results in a compendium of over 3800 spectra. The models were selected based on their empirical importance to the spectral shape of many GRBs, and the analysis performed was devised to be as thorough and objective as possible. We describe in detail our procedure and criteria for the analyses, and present the bulk results in the form of parameter distributions. This catalog should be considered an official product from the Fermi GBM Science Team, and the data files containing the complete results are available from the High-Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center.
Higher order harmonics in the light curves of eccentric planetary systems

As a planet orbits, it causes periodic modulations in the light curve of its host star. Due to the combined effects of the planet raising tides on the host star, relativistic beaming of the starlight, and reflection of light off the planet’s surface, these modulations occur at the planet’s orbital frequency, as well as integer multiples of this frequency. In particular, planets on eccentric orbits induce third and higher order harmonics in the stellar light curve which cannot be explained by circular-orbit models. Even at moderate eccentricities, such as those typical of Solar system planets, these harmonics are detectable in current and future photometric data. We present an analysis of the harmonics caused by tides, beaming, and reflection in eccentric planetary systems. We explore the dependence of these signals on the parameters of the system, and we discuss prospects for current and future observations of these signals, particularly by the NASA TESS mission. Finally, we present publicly available code for computation of light curves with tidal, beaming, and reflection signals, oot.
J021659-044920: a relic giant radio galaxy at z ∼ 1.3

We report the discovery of a relic Giant Radio Galaxy (GRG) J021659-044920 at redshift $z \sim 1.3$ that exhibits large-scale extended, nearly co-spatial, radio and X-ray emission from radio lobes, but no detection of Active Galactic Nuclei core, jets and hotspots. The total angular extent of the GRG at the observed frame 0.325 GHz, using Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observations is found to be ${\sim}$ 2.4 arcmin, that corresponds to a total projected linear size of $\sim$ 1.2 Mpc. The integrated radio spectrum between 0.240 and 1.4 GHz shows high spectral curvature (${\alpha}_{\rm 0.610~GHz}^{\rm 1.4~GHz} - {\alpha}_{\rm 0.240~GHz}^{\rm 0.325~GHz}$ $>$ 1.19) with sharp steepening above 0.325 GHz, consistent with relic radio emission that is $\sim$ 8 $\times$ 10$^{6}$ yr old. The radio spectral index map between observed frame 0.325 and 1.4~GHz for the two lobes varies from 1.4 to 2.5 with the steepening trend from outer-end to inner-end, indicating backflow of plasma in the lobes. The extended X-ray emission characterized by an absorbed power-law with photon index $\sim$ 1.86 favours inverse-Compton scattering of the Cosmic Microwave Background (ICCMB) photons as the plausible origin. Using both X-ray and radio fluxes under the assumption of ICCMB we estimate the magnetic field in the lobes to be 3.3 $\mu$G. The magnetic field estimate based on energy equipartition is $\sim$ 3.5 $\mu$G. Our work presents a case study of a rare example of a GRG caught in dying phase in the distant Universe.
NSMAXG: A new magnetic neutron star spectral model in XSPEC

Abstract The excellent sensitivity of X-ray telescopes, such as Chandra and XMM-Newton, is ideal for the study of cooling neutron stars, which can emit at these energies. In order to exploit the wealth of information contained in the high quality data, a thorough knowledge of the radiative properties of neutron star atmospheres is necessary. A key factor affecting photon emission is magnetic fields, and neutron stars are known to have strong surface magnetic fields. Here I briefly describe our latest work on constructing magnetic (B ≥ 1010 G) atmosphere models of neutron stars and the NSMAXG implementation of these models in XSPEC. Our results allow for more robust extractions of neutron star parameters from observations.
Finite-size effects at first-order isotropic-to-nematic transitions

We present simulation data of first-order isotropic-to-nematic transitions in lattice models of liquid crystals and locate the thermodynamic limit inverse transition temperature $\epsilon_\infty$ via finite-size scaling. We observe that the inverse temperature of the specific heat maximum can be consistently extrapolated to $\epsilon_\infty$ assuming the usual $\alpha / L^d$ dependence, with $L$ the system size, $d$ the lattice dimension and proportionality constant $\alpha$. We also investigate the quantity $\epsilon_{L,k}$, the finite-size inverse temperature where $k$ is the ratio of weights of the isotropic to nematic phase. For an optimal value $k = k_{\rm opt}$, $\epsilon_{L,k}$ versus $L$ converges to $\epsilon_\infty$ much faster than $\alpha/L^d$, providing an economic alternative to locate the transition. Moreover, we find that $\alpha \sim \ln k_{\rm opt} / {\cal L}_\infty$, with ${\cal L}_\infty$ the latent heat density. This suggests that liquid crystals at first-order IN transitions scale approximately as $q$-state Potts models with $q \sim k_{\rm opt}$.
Gesture Gives Bilingual Children a Hand with Spatial Vocabulary

Monolingual children with better spatial language skills at school entry are more likely to succeed in school and pursue science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) careers. Importantly, the amount of parent spatial talk, particularly when accompanied by gesture, serves as a strong predictor of monolingual children’s spatial language abilities at school entry. However, relatively less is known about the effect of nonverbal spatial input on bilingual children’s language development and whether nonverbal spatial input could play a causal role in facilitating children’s spatial vocabularies in speech. In this study, we observed whether spatial language input with or without gesture plays a causal role in children’s spatial language acquisition both in immediate and extended discourse contexts. Sixty 4-to 5-year-old children (30 bilinguals , 30 monolinguals) were randomly assigned to receive instruction on 3D shape labels with or without gesture, preceded and followed by parent-child play with toys designed to elicit spatial language. The results showed that gesture input boosted monolingual and bilingual children’s production, but not comprehension, of the target shape terms. However, this effect did not promote spatial talk in the more extended context of parent-child play. Overall, the study shows that instruction with gesture leads to better learning of new spatial words compared to instruction without gesture in both bilingual and monolingual children. INDEX WORDS: Bilinguals, Monolingual, Gesture, Instruction, Vocabulary, Spatial Language GESTURE GIVES BILINGUAL CHILDREN A HAND WITH SPATIAL VOCABULARY
A COMPREHENSIVE SEARCH FOR STELLAR BOWSHOCK NEBULAE IN THE MILKY WAY: A CATALOG OF 709 MID-INFRARED SELECTED CANDIDATES

We identify 709 arc-shaped mid-infrared nebula in 24 μm Spitzer Space Telescope or 22 μm Wide Field Infrared Explorer surveys of the Galactic Plane as probable dusty interstellar bowshocks powered by early-type stars. About 20% are visible at 8 μm or at shorter mid-infrared wavelengths. The vast majority (660) have no previous identification in the literature. These extended infrared sources are strongly concentrated near the Galactic mid-plane, with an angular scale height of ∼0. °6. All host a symmetrically placed star implicated as the source of a stellar wind sweeping up interstellar material. These are candidate “runaway” stars potentially having high velocities in the reference frame of the local medium. Among the 286 objects with measured proper motions, we find an unambiguous excess with velocity vectors aligned with the infrared morphology—kinematic evidence that many of these are “runaway” stars with large peculiar motions responsible for the bowshock signature. We discuss a population of “in situ” bowshocks (∼103 objects) that face giant H ii regions where the relative motions between the star and ISM may be caused by bulk outflows from an overpressured bubble. We also identify ∼58 objects that face 8 μm bright-rimmed clouds and apparently constitute a sub-class of in situ bowshocks where the stellar wind interacts with a photoevaporative flow (PEF) from an eroding molecular cloud interface (i.e., “PEF bowshocks”). Orientations of the arcuate nebulae exhibit a correlation over small angular scales, indicating that external influences such as H ii regions are responsible for producing some bowshock nebulae. However, the vast majority of the nebulae in this sample appear to be isolated (499 objects) from obvious external influences.
STELLAR ORBITAL STUDIES IN NORMAL SPIRAL GALAXIES. II. RESTRICTIONS ON STRUCTURAL AND DYNAMICAL PARAMETERS ON SPIRAL ARMS

Making use of a set of detailed potential models for normal spiral galaxies, we analyze disk stellar-orbital dynamics as the structural and dynamical parameters of spiral arms (mass, pattern speed, and pitch angle) are gradually modified. With this comprehensive study of ordered and chaotic behavior, we constructed an assemblage of orbitally supported galactic models and plausible parameters for orbitally self-consistent spiral arm models. We find that to maintain orbital support for the spiral arms, the spiral arm mass, Msp, must decrease with the increase of the pitch angle, i. If i is smaller than ∼ 10 ° ? > , Msp can be as large as ∼ 7 % ? > , ∼ 6 % ? > , or ∼ 5 % ? > of the disk mass, for Sa, Sb, and Sc galaxies, respectively. If i increases up to ∼ 25 ° ? > , the maximum Msp is ∼ 1 % ? > of the disk mass, independent of morphological type, in this case. For values larger than these limits, spiral arms would likely act as transient features. Regarding the limits posed by extreme chaotic behavior, we find a strong restriction on the maximum plausible values of spiral arm parameters on disk galaxies beyond which chaotic behavior becomes pervasive. We find that for i smaller than ∼ 20 ° ? > , ∼ 25 ° ? > , or ∼ 30 ° ? > , for Sa, Sb, and Sc galaxies, respectively, Msp can go up to ∼ 10 % ? > , of the mass of the disk. If the corresponding i is around ∼ 40 ° ? > , ∼ 45 ° ? > , ∼ 50 ° ? > , Msp is ∼ 1 % ? > , ∼ 2 % ? > , ∼ 3 % ? > of the mass of the disk. Beyond these values, chaos dominates phase space, destroying the main periodic orbits and the neighboring quasiperiodic orbits.
Front propagation and quasi-stationary distributions for one-dimensional L\'evy processes

We jointly investigate the existence of quasi-stationary distributions for one dimensional L\'evy processes and the existence of traveling waves for the Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovskii-Piskunov (F-KPP) equation associated with the same motion. Using probabilistic ideas developed by S. Harris, we show that the existence of a traveling wave for the F-KPP equation associated with a centered L\'evy processes that branches at rate $r$ and travels at velocity $c$ is equivalent to the existence of a quasi-stationary distribution for a L\'evy process with the same movement but drifted by $-c$ and killed at zero, with mean absorption time $1/r$. This also extends the known existence conditions in both contexts. As it is discussed in a companion article, this is not just a coincidence but the consequence of a relation between these two phenomena.
Anomaly detection based on temporal convolution Autoencoders

Due to the rapid growth of the number of sensors in modern industrial society, detecting outliers in time series has become very important. And unsupervised detection of outliers in time series is a very challenging task. For most detection tasks of time series outliers, the autoencoder is one of the main choices. And the recursive network is usually used in the self-coding network structure. However, recent studies have shown that the network structure using dilated causal convolution performs better than the recursive network in all kinds of sequence modeling. In this paper, the encoder and decoder are network structures based on extended causal convolution The time series are reconstructed and then compared with the original data to calculate the distance between them, so as to identify the outliers. We use the Temporal convolution autoencoders to evaluate anomaly data sets in multiple time series. Our results show that the Temporal convolution autoencoders has better anomaly detection ability. In addition, we learned that the combination of Feature Engineering and super parameters will also have a great impact on the results, so ablation experiments need to be carried out carefully.
The bizarre anti-de Sitter spacetime

Anti-de Sitter spacetime is important in general relativity and modern field theory. We review its geometrical features and properties of light signals and free particles moving in it. By applying only the elementary tools of tensor calculus, we derive ab initio of all these properties and show that they are really weird. One finds superluminal velocities of light and particles, infinite particle energy necessary to escape at infinite distance and spacetime regions inaccessible by a free fall, though reachable by an accelerated spaceship. Radial timelike geodesics are identical to the circular ones and actually all timelike geodesics are identical to one circle in a fictitious five-dimensional space. Employing the latter space, one is able to explain these bizarre features of anti-de Sitter spacetime; in this sense the spacetime is not self-contained. This is not a physical world.
NIR Spectroscopy of the Most Massive Open Cluster in the Galaxy: Westerlund 1

Abstract Using ISAAC/VLT, we have obtained individual spectra of all NIR-bright stars in the central 2′ × 2′ of the cluster Westerlund 1 (Wd 1) with a resolution of R ≈ 9000 at a central wavelength of 2.30 μm. This allowed us to determine radial velocities of ten post-main-sequence stars, and from these values a velocity dispersion. Assuming virial equilibrium, the dispersion of σ = 8.4 km/s leads to a total dynamical cluster mass of 1.25 × 105M⊙, comparable to the photometric mass of the cluster. There is no extra-virial motion which would have to be interpreted as a signature of cluster expansion or dissolution.