Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Groundwater Quality Improvements and Mass Discharge Reductions at Five In Situ Electrical Resistance Heating Remediation Sites

A recent study assessing the state‐of‐the‐practice of in situ thermal remediation technologies (e.g., electrical resistive heating [ERH], conductive heating, steam‐based heating, in situ large‐diameter auger soil mixing with steam/hot air injection, and radio‐frequency heating) identified 182 applications in the 1988 to 2007 period and summarized the geologic settings in which these technologies were applied, chemicals treated, design parameters, and operating conditions. That study concluded that documentation for less than 8% of those applications contained sufficient data to assess the effect remediation had on groundwater quality. Consequently, post‐treatment data were collected at five ERH sites, with emphasis on assessing reductions in dissolved groundwater concentrations and mass discharge (mass flux) to the aquifer. For each site, dissolved groundwater concentrations and hydraulic conductivities were determined across a vertical transect oriented perpendicular to groundwater flow and at the downgradient edge of the treatment zone. Dissolved concentration and mass discharge reductions ranged from about less than 10× to 100×, with post‐treatment groundwater concentrations ranging from about 101 to 104μg/L and mass discharges ranging from about 10–1 to 102 kg/y. The primary factors differentiating sites with greater and lesser dissolved concentration and mass discharge reductions were the adequacy of pre‐treatment source zone delineation, the extent to which the treatment zone encompassed the source zone, and the duration of treatment at the design operating temperature. The results suggest that ERH systems are capable of reducing groundwater concentrations to 10 to 100 μg/L levels and lower in some settings, but only if the source zone is adequately delineated and fully encompassed by the treatment system, and the treatment system is operated for a sufficiently long period of time.
Effects of Cassava Effluents on the Soil Physicochemical Properties and Water Quality in Ibarapa Region, Oyo State, Southwestern, Nigeria

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of cassava effluents on the soil physicochemical properties and water quality in Ibarapa Region Southwestern, Nigeria. Methodology: Three Cassava Processing Sites (CPSs) and Control Sites (CSs) of 5m by 5m quadrant and three wells of varying distances to the CPSs were randomly selected in each of the three local government areas in Ibarapa Region. In all, nine CPSs, nine CSs and nine wells (SPs) were sampled during the dry season. The soil and water samples collected were subjected to laboratory analysis for physicochemical and bacteriological characteristics. The spatial distribution of the CPSs was determined using GIS techniques and Nearest Neighbour Statistic. Findings: The results showed that the CPSs distribution was significantly dispersed. However, that distance to the cassava processing sites impacted on the concentration of parameters tested. Analysis of the soil properties showed that the pH values were higher at the CPSs, elevated values of heavy metals were also noticed and cyanide concentration. Analysis of water quality in some of the sampled wells showed that the water samples were mainly within the WHO permissible standard except higher values recorded for heavy metals in SP 2 and elevated cyanide in SPs 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 which were in close proximity to the processing sites. Bacteriological analysis also revealed that only SP 2 had the presence of Coliform Escherichia coli. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The findings alluded to the inherent danger in man’s defective interaction with the environment. Hence, the study to a great extent could trigger appropriate measures in soil, water and waste management by stakeholders. Such measure could include treatment of cassava effluents before being dumped in to the environment as well as treating water before being consumed. Governments through her agencies such as the NAFDAC and sanitary inspectors should monitor the activities of these gari, fufu, lafun and tapioca makers especially about the discharge of cassava effluents.
Calibration of Intraoral 3-D Measurement System With Using Consummated Model Combined With Highly Accurate Data Pairs

Direct digital impressions can be obtained using intraoral 3-D scanners. Among them, the fringe projection profilometry (FPP)-based intraoral scanner serves as a micro-3D imaging system. Here, proper calibration is critical for highly accurate digital impressions. However, due to its miniaturized structure, some of the designed geometric parameters are difficult to be attained in factory assembly using model-based reconstruction. Moreover, the angle of the structured light is typically small to avoid shadows of the dental sulcus. Consequently, even a small error in detecting stripe feature within the FPP image is magnified in the reconstructed 3-D point. Thus, it is challenging to achieve proper calibration and meet the accuracy requirements of an intraoral 3-D scanner. In this study, we introduce a consummated calibration model, by importing all the geometric parameters to compensate for assembly errors. A subpixel cross-center detection algorithm is proposed to prepare the data pairs for optimization of parameters in the calibration model. All parameters are optimized using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. A 3-D lookup table (LUT) is used to refine the reconstructed 3-D points. Excellent calibration results were achieved, demonstrating a precision of $15 \mu \text{m}$ for 3-D teeth impression.
CONDITIONS FOR LOCAL LEVEL COMMUNITY FORESTRY ACTION A THEORETICAL EXPLANATION

This paper discusses a local level community forestry action (as opposed to a traditional community forestry program) in central Nepal. It highlights the findings of a case study and outlines factors influencing participation in a community forestry action and their relevance to planning project type social/community forestry programs. Attention is drawn to conditions under which local people are more likely to take a collective local forestry action without much impetus from outside sources; why a project-oriented community forestry program has difficulties in starting such a collective action where people from the entire community participate; and what we can learn about the dynamics of people's involvement from this case of community forestry action and the implications for planned community forestry projects. RESUME Conditions ndcessaires a une action communautaire locale en matiure de foresterie: Une explication thiorique. Cet article examine une action communautaire locale en matiere de foresterie (a l'oppos6 d'un programme communautaire traditionnel) dans le N6pal central. Il passe en revue les r6sultats d'une etude de cas, et esquisse les facteurs qui influencent la participation a une action communautaire, ainsi que leur importance pour la planification de programmes de type projet social/communautaire pour l'exploitation des forets. L'attention est attiree sur les conditions dans lesquelles la population locale tend a prendre des initiatives en matie're de foresterie sans pression de l'ext6rieur; sur les raisons pour lesquelles un programme communautaire de foresterie avec une orientation de projet rencontre des difficult6s a engendrer de telles initiatives oii la communaut6 entiere participe; et sur ce que nous pouvons apprendre au sujet de la dynamique de participation de la population a partir de ce cas d'action communautaire, et les implications pour les projets planifi6s de foresterie communautaire.
Joint Resource Management and Deployment Optimization for Heterogeneous Aerial Networks With Backhaul Constraints

How to improve the coverage capability of network including connectivity and throughput is vital for enabling the Internet of Everything (IoE) in B5G/6G. However, the traditional terrestrial networks are confronted with the high-cost and inflexible challenges especially in the remote area and emergency applications. In order to solve these challenges, we consider a heterogeneous aerial network (HetAN), where some low-altitude base stations (LBSs) are deployed as access points for wireless coverage and a high-altitude base station (HBS) hovers as the hub for backhaul of LBSs. Furthermore, we apply the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to uplink transmission for the terrestrial users, which enable massive connectivity in the IoE. To maximize connectivity and throughput, we jointly optimize the LBSs’ deployment, power control, channel allocation, and rate control by fully exploiting the potential of the HetAN in wide-area coverage. For solving the formulated problem efficiently, we propose an iterative algorithm based on the methods of graph theory, bionic algorithm, and theoretical analysis. Simulation results are provided to reveal the influence of the control variables on network performance and indicate that our algorithm can greatly improve the connectivity and throughput with the other schemes.
Storm Tracks and Climate Change

Abstract Extratropical and tropical transient storm tracks are investigated from the perspective of feature tracking in the ECHAM5 coupled climate model for the current and a future climate scenario. The atmosphere-only part of the model, forced by observed boundary conditions, produces results that agree well with analyses from the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40), including the distribution of storms as a function of maximum intensity. This provides the authors with confidence in the use of the model for the climate change experiments. The statistical distribution of storm intensities is virtually preserved under climate change using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario until the end of this century. There are no indications in this study of more intense storms in the future climate, either in the Tropics or extratropics, but rather a minor reduction in the number of weaker storms. However, significant changes occur on a regional .
Differences of tree species composition and microclimate between a mahogany (swietenia macrophylla king) plantation and a secondary forest in Mt. Makiling, Philippines

The objectives of study were to compare tree and seedling species and were to know difference of microclimate between 60 year‐Mahogany plantation(Swietenia macropylla King) after planting and secondary forest regenerated naturally in Mt. Makiling, Philippines. The study sites are located in Mt. Makling Forest Reserve (MFR) at 400m above sea level, Philippines. Total number of tree species with DBH above 5cm was 43 and 16 in secondary forest and Mahogany plantation, respectively. Stand density in secondary forest and Mahoany planation were 842 tress/ha and 617 trees/ha. Total basal area of Mahogany plantation was higher than that of secondary forest. Celtis luzonica showed the highest IV followed by D. paniculatus in secondary forest. Shannon's diversity index and Simpson's index in secondary forest site were higher than in Mahogany plantation site significantly. Evenness of secondary forest site showed significantly higher than that of Mahogany plantation. Distribution of seedling height and root collar diameter showed reverse J pattern in both areas. Also, distribution of tree height and DBH showed reversed‐J‐shape pattern in secondary forest however, reversed‐J‐shape pattern of tree height and tree DBH were repeated at 30m and 50cm in Mahogany plantation, respectively. Mahogany plantation showed similar air temperature with secondary forest however, soil temperature was significantly higher in mahogany plantation than in secondary forest. Secondary forest showed significantly higher relative humidity than that of mahogany plantation. Variation of air temperature and relative humidity were larger in mahogany plantation than in secondary forest. Highest air temperature, relative humidity and soil temperature were on April during dry season. These results suggest that differences in restoration ways cause various responses in species diversity and microclimate
A new class of fault recognition method for wind turbine systems based on deep learning

Conventional fault recognition algorithms can only recognize the classes of faults that have appeared in wind turbine systems. However, if a new category of faults appears, the traditional algorithm can only misclassify it into the class of pre‐existing faults. In this paper, a new class fault recognition method based on deep learning is proposed. Firstly, the initialized model is built using known fault data, including detectors and classifiers. Secondly, the new class fault data detected by the detectors are put into the cache, and when the cache overflows, the new class faults are augmented with data using generative adversarial networks. Finally, the new class fault data and the generated data are added to the initial training set, and the structure and weights of the initialized model are updated using the new training set. In this way, the purpose of recognizing the new class of faults is achieved. The experimental results show that the proposed detection algorithm can effectively detect new class faults and the model can efficiently solve the problem of the new class of fault recognition after data augmentation.
Late Quaternary Vegetation and Climatic History of the Long Valley Area, West-Central Idaho, U.S.A.

Abstract Paleoenvironmental data, including pollen and sediment analyses, radiocarbon ages, and tephra identifications of a core recovered from a fen, provide a ca. 16,500 14C yr B.P. record of late Quaternary vegetation and climate change in the Long Valley area of west-central Idaho. The fen was deglaciated prior to ca. 16,500 14C yr B.P., after which the pollen rain was dominated by Artemisia, suggesting that a cold, dry climate prevailed until ca. 12,200 14C yr B.P. From ca. 12,200 to 9750 14C yr B.P. temperatures gradually increased and a cool, moist climate similar to the present prevailed. During this period a closed spruce–pine forest surrounded the fen. This cool, moist climate was briefly interrupted by a dry and/or cold interval between ca. 10,800 and 10,400 14C yr B.P. that may be related to the Younger Dryas climatic oscillation. From ca. 9750 to 3200 14C yr B.P. the regional climate was significantly warmer and drier than at present and an open pine forest dominated the area around the fen. Maximum aridity occurred after the deposition of the Mazama tephra (ca. 6730 14C yr B.P.). After 3200 14C yr B.P. regional cooling brought cool, moist conditions to the area; the establishment of the modern montane forest around the fen and present-day cool and moist climate began at ca. 2000 14C yr B.P.
Truncated DNM1 variant underlines developmental delay and epileptic encephalopathy

Background Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) signify a group of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder associated with early-onset seizures accompanied by developmental delay, hypotonia, mild to severe intellectual disability, and developmental regression. Variants in the DNM1 gene have been associated with autosomal dominant DEE type 31A and autosomal recessive DEE type 31B. Methods In the current study, a consanguineous Pakistani family consisting of a proband (IV-2) was clinically evaluated and genetically analyzed manifesting in severe neurodevelopmental phenotypes. WES followed by Sanger sequencing was performed to identify the disease-causing variant. Furthermore, 3D protein modeling and dynamic simulation of wild-type and mutant proteins along with reverse transcriptase (RT)–based mRNA expression were checked using standard methods. Results Data analysis of WES revealed a novel homozygous non-sense variant (c.1402G>T; p. Glu468*) in exon 11 of the DNM1 gene that was predicted as pathogenic class I. Variants in the DNM1 gene have been associated with DEE types 31A and B. Different bioinformatics prediction tools and American College of Medical Genetics guidelines were used to verify the identified variant. Sanger sequencing was used to validate the disease-causing variant. Our approach validated the pathogenesis of the variant as a cause of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition, 3D protein modeling showed that the mutant protein would lose most of the amino acids and might not perform the proper function if the surveillance non-sense-mediated decay mechanism was skipped. Molecular dynamics analysis showed varied trajectories of wild-type and mutant DNM1 proteins in terms of root mean square deviation, root mean square fluctuation and radius of gyration. Similarly, RT-qPCR revealed a substantial reduction of the DNM1 gene in the index patient. Conclusion Our finding further confirms the association of homozygous, loss-of-function variants in DNM1 associated with DEE type 31B. The study expands the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of pathogenic DNM1 variants related to DNM1-associated pathogenesis.
Stress rotation during the Coalinga Aftershock Sequence

This study considers spatial and temporal changes of the stress regime during the 1983 Coalinga aftershock sequence. In both cases the observed changes manifest themselves as rotations of the most compressive stress axis. Inversion of 165 M≥3 aftershocks shows that in the southern aftershock zone the azimuth of the most compressional stress axis is oriented 24°E of north, while in the northern and central zones it is oriented 51°E of north. Statistical analysis by use of non-parametric bootstrap resampling shows that this rotation is significant at above the 95% confidence level. Inverting the focal mechanisms of 122 M ≥3 aftershocks in the central and northern aftershock zones reveals a rotation of the principal stress axes during the first 500 days after the main shock. The compressional axis rotates from an azimuth of 62°E of north to 47°E of north. Statistical analysis by use of nonparametric bootstrap resampling shows that this rotation is just significantly different from zero at the 95% confidence level, subject to the assumption that 80% of the fault planes can be correctly picked from the two nodal planes. As the number of fault planes picked correctly varies from 50% (random choices) to 100% the significance of the rotation varies from 87% to 98%. Further investigation fails to find the signature of the stress changes predicted by dislocation theory in the focal mechanisms of the aftershocks. Active folds in the area suggest that the pre-main shock stress regime had a compressional axis with a NE-SW orientation. Thus the rotation during the aftershock sequence is thought to be a rebound from a stress anomaly induced by the main shock. This stress anomaly may be causally related to the occurrence of the aftershocks.
Does Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE) Improve Students’ Writing? Focus on Technical Aspects and Readability

Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE) software has gained popularity in the field of writing related research. Most studies focused on perception and acceptance of AWEs and improvements in writing. However, this study was carried out based on the technicality of the writing which are often discussed as readability. The objectives of the study are to investigate the improvement in writing and to compare the results between the control and the experimental groups. The study employed a descriptive research design with two groups (control (n=49) and experimental n=72)) undergoing two tests (pre-test and post-test). The gap between these tests was 10 weeks where the control group went on the traditional teaching and learning method while the experimental group were exposed and trained to use AWE. Using the Flesch Reading Ease Scale and the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, the readability of the writings as well as the grade level required to understand the writings were tested. The findings revealed that the improvement of the readability in the experimental group fared slightly less compared to the control group. However, it is still safe to conclude that AWE does help to improve writings.
Instructional Leadership Practices and Challenges: The Case of Primary School Principals in Liban Jawi Woreda of West Shoa Zone

This study was conducted to assess the practices and challenges of instructional leadership in primary schools of Liban Jawi Woreda of the West Shoa Zone. In order to address this objective of the study, a descriptive survey design was employed. About 114 teachers, seven principals, six vice principals, and one vice head of Woreda Education Office (WEO) participated in the study. Questionnaires, interviews, and document analysis were data gathering tools. The results showed that most of the problems instructional leaders have a communication gap with the stakeholders on issues related to the vision, mission, and goals of the schools and had problems in relation to lack of educational management profession. It was concluded that instructional leaders have a gap in taking a measure to overcome problems. Therefore, the study mainly recommended that Ministry of Education (MOE) and other stakeholders should give training to instructional leaders to overcome their leadership knowledge and skills, and also principals should create communication channels to overcome communication problems.
Continuous Gesture Recognition and Force Estimation Using sEMG Signal

The surface electromyography (sEMG) signals contain a large amount of physiological information reflecting the body’s motor intention. The use of sEMG signals for gesture recognition has received a lot of attention in both robotics and rehabilitation fields. Most of the current studies on gesture recognition based on sEMG signals obtain discrete gestures by classification, ignoring the continuous natural motion. In this paper, a continuous gesture recognition and force estimation method is proposed based on sEMG signals. To establish a foundation for this approach, sEMG sensors are thoughtfully positioned on the forearm’s surface, guided by considerations of physiological structure and muscular function. The finger curvature is proposed to describe the gesture state, and the gesture changes at different moments can be represented by the set of finger curvatures of different fingers, thus achieving continuous gesture recognition. Muscle force estimation was performed while recognizing gestures under different force partterns. A multi-stream convolutional neural network (MSCNN) is used to model finger curvature with sEMG to achieve gesture recognition, and Long short-term memory (LSTM) is used for muscle force estimation due to it is able to capture the temporal relationship during muscle force generation. The experimental results show that the average Pearson correlation coefficient (CC) and root-meansquare error (RMSE) of gesture recognition are 0.84 and 0.11, respectively, and the coefficient of determination $(R^{2}) $ of muscle force estimation is 0.92. The whole scheme achieves the simultaneous estimation of gesture and muscle force, which can well meet the needs in the field of prosthetic control and rehabilitation assistance.
Clues to the cause of the 2011–2013 Campi Flegrei caldera unrest, Italy, from continuous GPS data

From 2006 to spring 2013, Campi Flegrei (CF) caldera, Italy, was mostly uplifting at an increasing rate, particularly high from 2011. We show that the 2011–2013 accelerated uplift and 1980–2010 inflation and deflation phases can be explained by a two‐source conceptual model similar to that proposed by Amoruso et al. (2014) (reference model). However, pressurization of the sole thin quasi‐horizontal ∼4000 m deep source, responsible for large‐scale 1980–2010 deformation, can explain the whole 2011–2013 deformation, while activity of the shallower Solfatara hydrothermal source, responsible for residual 1980–2010 deformation, appears constant. These results suggest a predominantly magmatic unrest in 2011–2013. Near‐real‐time comparison of observations and reference model predictions can provide additional information for short‐term eruption forecasting at CF; a similar approach could be followed also in other volcanic environments.