Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Data Middleware for Grid Systems

Grids[1] have become the favourite choice for executing data intensive scientific applications. Various scientific applications analyze and derive large amounts of data in the order of giga and peta bytes. There is also a growing need to share this data among various scientific commuinities. The communities of researchers are often large and geographically distributed, as are the computing and storage resources used to analyze the data. The data grid[2] provides a way of managing this distributed data in a seamless way. Some applications that are commonly run on data grids include High Energy Physics(HEP), Biology and Medical and Earth Observations(EO) applications. A grid middleware provides facilities to use the grid for applications and users. Middleware like Globus[3], Legion[4] and UNICORE[5] provide software infrastructure to tackle various challenges of computational and data grids. A data middleware, which usually is part of general purpose grid middleware, provides facilities for data management. We distinguish between high-level and low-level data middleware. A low-level or storage middleware provides low-level data management facilities on top of existing data management infrastructure. A distributed or parallel file system is an example of low-level middleware. A high-level middleware provides an application-oriented facilities like automatic replication facilities. Giggle[6] is an example of high-level middleware. Some software infrastructures like Storage Resource Broker(SRB)[7], have facilities for both high-level and lowlevel data management. Due to heterogeneity and geographically distributed nature of data grids, data middleware face various challenges in managing the data. In this survey, we describe the state-ofthe-art in data middleware development. First, we provide a defintion of high-level and storage middleware. Next, we describe the requirements of such middlewre and an abstract model for data middleware. Then, a detailed survey of existing data middleware is provided with our analysis. We conclude with a list of open research problems in grid data management.
Opioids, reward and addiction: An encounter of biology, psychology, and medicine.

If the entire materia medica at our disposal were limited to the choice and use of only one drug, I am sure that a great many, if not the majority, of us would choose opium ([Macht, 1915][1]). ### A. Early History Opium is the dried milky juice of the unripe seed capsule of the poppy, the Papaver
An Improved Genetic Algorithm for Target Assignment, Optimization of Naval Fleet Air Defense

As a weapon-target assignment problem (WTA), the fire-allocation of naval fleet air defense was studied and an optimal target assignment model was established. By combining the features of naval fleet anti-air combat, several classical assignment algorithms were discussed. To find global optimal results efficiently, an effective global search method i.e. genetic algorithms (GAs) was applied. However, this method still has disadvantages of slow convergence and poor stability in practical engineering. To solve these problems, an improved GA was proposed in terms of uniform creation of initial population, selection based on fitness scaling and self-adaptive parameters for genetic operators, etc. In the end, the steps for solving the optimal model were put forward, and satisfactory results have being obtained. It is shown that the present method can serve as a scientific and effective support for a decision maker in command automation of the naval fleet air defense combat
2 2 1 A pr 2 00 5 SCHWARZ TYPE TOPOLOGICAL QUANTUM FIELD THEORIES

Topological quantum field theories (TQFT) provide powerful tools to probe topology of manifolds, specifically in low dimensions[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. This is achieved by incorporating very large gauge symmetries in the theory which lead to gauge invariant sectors with only topological degrees of freedom. These theories are of two types: (a) Schwarz type or Chern-Simons type and (b) Witten type or Cohomological type. In Witten type topological field theories, action is a BRST exact form, so is the stress energy tensor Tμν so that their functional averages are zero [4]. The topological observables in these theories form cohomological classes. In four dimensions, such theories involving Yang-Mills gauge fields provide a field theoretic representation for Donaldson invariants. On the other hand, Schwarz type TQFTs are described by local action functionals which are explicitly independent of metric [2, 3]. The examples of such theories are (i) Three dimensional Chern-Simons (CS) theories and (ii) BF theories. The metric independence of the action S implies that stress energy tensor of a TQFT is zero: δ S δ gμν ≡ Tμν = 0. There are no local propagating degrees of freedom; only degrees of freedom are topological. Expectation
RESIDENTIAL LAND USE AND THE URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT : HOW THE AMERICAN DREAM IS CHANGING REGIONAL CLIMATE

Consuming forest and farmland at a rate of over 500 acres per week, the Atlanta, Georgia, metropolitan region has been characterized as the most rapidly spreading human settlement in history (Lacayo 1999, 45). While such growth has been credited with economic development and a high rate of single-family home ownership, rapid decentralization has also come at a substantial cost to the natural and human environments. Between the years of 1974 and 1988, the Atlanta region lost an alarming 20 percent of its forest canopy and experienced an increase in mean annual temperature of approximately two degrees Celsius (Cardelino and Chameides 1990, 13975). Coupled with increasing rates of per capita vehicle travel, the emergence of an intense regional heat island has exacerbated air quality in a region ranked behind only Southern California and Houston, Texas, for annual violations of the national ozone standard (USEPA 2001). Once ranked among the country’s most livable cities, Atlanta is now classified as one of the top five heat stress cities nationally (Davies 2000, 13) and boasts one of the highest rates of childhood asthma in the country (American Lung Association 2001).
A pr 2 00 8 Inclusion-maximal integral point sets over finite fields

We consider integral point sets in affine planes over finite fields. Here an integral point set is a set of points in F 2 q where the formally defined Euclidean distance of every pair of points is an element of Fq. From another point of view we consider point sets over F 2 q with few and prescribed directions. So this is related to Rédei's work. Another motivation comes from the field of ordinary integral point sets in Euclidean spaces E m. In this article we study the spectrum of integral point sets over Fq which are maximal with respect to inclusion. We give some theoretical results, constructions, conjectures, and some numerical data.
Stochastic Dominance Test for Risk Seekers: An Application To Oil Spot and Futures Markets

This paper develops the stochastic dominance (SD) tests for risk seekers. We find both MV criterion and CAPM measures unable to draw any conclusive preference between the returns but our SD results show that spot dominates futures in the downside risk while futures dominate spot in the upside profit. It also shows that the risk-averse investors prefer investing in spot index while risk seekers are attracted to futures index to maximize their utility. In addition, our SD results enable us to conclude that there is no arbitrage opportunity between these two prices and fail to reject market efficiency and market rationality.
Stereo matching for calibrated cameras without correspondence

We study the stereo matching problem for reconstruction of the location of 3D-points on an unknown surface patch from two calibrated identical cameras without using any a priori information about the pointwise correspondences. We assume that camera parameters and the pose between the cameras are known. Our approach follows earlier work for coplanar cameras where a gradient flow algorithm was proposed to match associated Gramians. Here we extend this method by allowing arbitrary poses for the cameras. We introduce an intrinsic Riemannian Newton algorithm that achieves local quadratic convergence rates. A closed form solution is presented, too. The efficiency of both algorithms is demonstrated by numerical experiments.
Examining the Significance of Science in the Lives of Prospective Elementary Teachers.

Elementary education majors (n=22) in a science methods course at a small liberal arts college in the U.S. Midwest were asked to write a paper about science in their own lives. Based upon their writings, the students were categorized according to the five ways of knowing described by Belenky, Clinchy, Goldberger, and Tarule: silence, received, subjective, procedural, or constructed knowledge. The largest category was subjective knowers and was comprised of only female students. The implications for these subjective knowers involve in accessibility to formal scientific knowledge and expertise. These women were unable to connect to the science they were learning in their classsrooms and so turned to their own personal experience upon which they could depend. The large number of subjective knowers and the lack of formal scientific information as an ultimate source of knowledge seen in this study seem to indicate that many students are not making the connection betwern their science classes and everyday lives. (MKR) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. *********************************************************************** "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS 1--' EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION This document hes been teProducbd lik CENTER (ERIC) MATERIA HAS BEEN GRANTED BY ,. , *mod from tIm Demon or Ordendakon "I.ongineting a 1/40 0 tumor Changes neve been made ID IMProve rsproduCtion Quilloty ON TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES Pointe Wynn. cm optmons stated in this dOCu rn mint SO not nICISSAInly nsossetrit othCisl INFORMATION CENTER (ERICI.OERI poedon or pokcy DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Once of Edocatooma Rimmarch and ImotommonI EXAMINING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SCIENCE IN THE LIVES OF PROSPECTIVE ELEMENTARY TEACHERS Lori A. Kurth Department of Teacher Education 301 Erickson Hall Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan 48824 e-mail: KURTHLOR@STUDENT.MSU. EDU Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association San Francisco, CA -April 27, 1995
Preceding infection as an important risk factor for ischaemic brain infarction in young and middle aged patients

The role of preceding infection as a risk factor for ischaemic stroke was investigated in a case-control study of 54 consecutive patients under 50 years of age with brain infarction and 54 randomly selected controls from the community matched for sex and age. Information about previous illnesses, smoking, consumption of alcohol, and use of drugs was taken. A blood sample was analysed for standard biochemical variables and serum cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and fasting blood glucose concentrations determined. Titres of antimicrobial antibodies against various bacteria, including Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Yersinia, and Salmonella and several viruses were determined. Febrile infection was found in patients during the month before the brain infarction significantly more often than in controls one month before their examination (19 patients v three controls; estimated relative risk 9·0 (95% confidence interval 2·2 to 80·0)). The most common preceding febrile infection was respiratory infection (80%). Infections preceding brain infarction were mostly of bacterial origin based on cultural, serological, and clinical data. In conditional logistic regression analysis for matched pairs the effect of preceding febrile infection remained significant (estimated relative risk 14·5 (95% confidence interval 1·9 to 112·3)) when tested with triglyceride concentration, hypertension, smoking, and preceding intoxication with alcohol. Although causality cannot be inferred from these data and plausible underlying mechanisms remain undetermined, preceding febrile infection may play an important part in the development of brain infarction in young and middle aged patients.
Development and Aging of the Kisspeptin–GPR54 System in the Mammalian Brain: What are the Impacts on Female Reproductive Function?

The prominent role of the G protein coupled receptor GPR54 and its peptide ligand kisspeptin in the progression of puberty has been extensively documented in many mammalian species including humans. Kisspeptins are very potent gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretagogues produced by two main populations of neurons located in two ventral forebrain regions, the preoptic area and the arcuate nucleus. Within the last 2 years a substantial amount of data has accumulated concerning the development of these neuronal populations and their timely regulation by central and peripheral factors during fetal, neonatal, and peripubertal stages of development. This review focuses on the development of the kisspeptin–GPR54 system in the brain of female mice, rats, sheep, monkeys, and humans. We will also discuss the notion that this system represents a major target through which signals from the environment early in life can reprogram reproductive function.
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration and NGF-Dependent Neurite Outgrowth of Adult Sensory Neurons Converge on STAT3 Phosphorylation Downstream of Neuropoietic Cytokine Receptor gp130

After nerve injury, adult sensory neurons can regenerate peripheral axons and reconnect with their target tissue. Initiation of outgrowth, as well as elongation of neurites over long distances, depends on the signaling of receptors for neurotrophic growth factors. Here, we investigated the importance of gp130, the signaling subunit of neuropoietic cytokine receptors in peripheral nerve regeneration. After sciatic nerve crush, functional recovery in vivo was retarded in SNS-gp130−/− mice, which specifically lack gp130 in sensory neurons. Correspondingly, a significantly reduced number of free nerve endings was detected in glabrous skin from SNS-gp130−/− compared with control mice after nerve crush. Neurite outgrowth and STAT3 activation in vitro were severely reduced in cultures in gp130-deficient cultured neurons. Surprisingly, in neurons obtained from SNS-gp130−/− mice the increase in neurite length was reduced not only in response to neuropoietic cytokine ligands of gp130 but also to nerve growth factor (NGF), which does not bind to gp130-containing receptors. Neurite outgrowth in the absence of neurotrophic factors was partially rescued in gp130-deficient neurons by leptin, which activates STAT3 downstream of leptic receptor and independent of gp130. The neurite outgrowth response of gp130-deficient neurons to NGF was fully restored in the presence of leptin. Based on these findings, gp130 signaling via STAT3 activation is suggested not only to be an important regulator of peripheral nerve regeneration in vitro and in vivo, but as determining factor for the growth promoting action of NGF in adult sensory neurons.
Reputation as Public Policy for Internet Security: A Field Study

Cybersecurity is a national priority in this big data era. Because of the lack of incentives and the existence of negative externality, companies often underinvest in addressing security risks and accidents, despite government and industry recommendations. In the present article, we propose a method that utilizes reputation through information disclosure to motivate companies to behave pro'soci ally, improving their Internet security. Using outbound spam as a proxy for Internet security, we conducted a quasi' experimental field study for eight countries through SpamRankings.net. This outgoing' spam'based study shows that information disclosure on outgoing spam can help reduce outgoing spam, approximately by 16 percent. This finding suggests that information disclosure can be leveraged to encourage companies to reduce security threats. It also provides support for public policies that require mandatory reporting from organizations and offers implications for evaluating and executing such policies.
Image Segmentation from Consensus Information

A new approach toward image segmentation is proposed. A set of slightly different segmentations is derived from the same input and the final result is based on the consensus among them. The perturbations are introduced by exploiting the probabilistic component of a region adjacency graph (RAG) pyramid-based segmentation. From the set of initial segmentations the cooccurrence probability field is obtained in which global information about the delineated regions becomes locally available. The final segmentation is based on this field and is obtained with the same hierarchical, RAG pyramid technique. No user set parameters or context-dependent thresholds are required.
Unexpected features and mechanism of heterodimer formation of a herpesvirus nuclear egress complex

Herpesvirus nucleocapsids escape from the nucleus in a process orchestrated by a highly conserved, viral nuclear egress complex. In human cytomegalovirus, the complex consists of two proteins, UL50 and UL53. We solved structures of versions of UL53 and the complex by X‐ray crystallography. The UL53 structures, determined at 1.93 and 3.0 Å resolution, contained unexpected features including a Bergerat fold resembling that found in certain nucleotide‐binding proteins, and a Cys3His zinc finger. Substitutions of zinc‐coordinating residues decreased UL50–UL53 co‐localization in transfected cells, and, when incorporated into the HCMV genome, ablated viral replication. The structure of the complex, determined at 2.47 Å resolution, revealed a mechanism of heterodimerization in which UL50 clamps onto helices of UL53 like a vise. Substitutions of particular residues on the interaction interface disrupted UL50–UL53 co‐localization in transfected cells and abolished virus production. The structures and the identification of contacts can be harnessed toward the rational design of novel and highly specific antiviral drugs and will aid in the detailed understanding of nuclear egress.
Forensic exhibit packaging: paper or plastic, the potential for DNA degradation

A vital part of a forensic science investigation is the recovery of DNA from a crime scene. Body fluids such as blood or saliva are most commonly left at the scene of a crime and are frequently found in only minute quantities. In order to protect the recovery of this critical evidence it is required to be packaged in such a way that further degradation of the sample is not a possibility. In the United Kingdom, DNA evidence is packaged in plastic whereas other countries package DNA evidence in paper. This difference is due to the belief that DNA can degrade in plastic packaging. Evidence of a documented study that proves or disproves this theory has not been determined so therefore a study was carried out in order to establish which packaging would provide the most suitable option for DNA evidence. This study investigated different drying times prior to saliva samples being stored in either paper or plastic packaging and then determining the DNA quantities present over a set period of time using quantitative real-time PCR. The results indicated that if a wet saliva sample was to be immediately placed in plastic packaging and analysed within one week then this would provide the largest concentration of DNA. If this sample was to be analysed eight weeks after collection, the sample concentration would reduce when compared with a sample packaged immediately in paper packaging. Even with this reduction the sample immediately packaged in plastic presented a consistently higher DNA concentration when compared with all of the other samples. It was determined that if the wet saliva sample was allowed to dry for six hours and then packaged in plastic packaging, this presents the lowest degree of DNA loss.
General Scaled Support Vector Machines

Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are popular tools for data mining tasks such as classification, regression, and density estimation. However, original SVM (C-SVM) only considers local information of data points on or over the margin. Therefore, C-SVM loses robustness. To solve this problem, one approach is to translate (i.e., to move without rotation or change of shape) the hyperplane according to the distribution of the entire data. But existing work can only be applied for 1-D case. In this paper, we propose a simple and efficient method called General Scaled SVM (GS-SVM) to extend the existing approach to multi-dimensional case. Our method translates the hyperplane according to the distribution of data projected on the normal vector of the hyperplane. Compared with C-SVM, GS-SVM has better performance on several data sets.
HIT-MW Dataset for Offline Chinese Handwritten Text Recognition

A Chinese handwritten text dataset, HIT-MW, is presented to facilitate the offline Chinese handwritten text recognition. Texts for handcopying are sampled from China Daily corpus with a stratified random manner. To collect naturally written handwriting, forms are distributed by postal mail or middleman instead of face to face. The current version of HIT-MW includes 853 forms and 186,444 characters that are written by more than 780 participants under an unconstrained condition without preprinted character boxes. Its lexical coverage of 3,041 characters is about 99.33% measured on China Daily corpus with about 80 million characters. Handwritten texts of HIT-MW mainly written by college students follow a balanced distribution both in sex and in department. It can be used to conduct Chinese textline segmentation, segmentation-free recognition, and to verify the effect of statistical language model in a real handwriting situation.
Production of Chemokines by Perivascular Adipose Tissue: A Role in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis?

Objective—Obesity is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Although it is known that white adipose tissue (WAT) produces numerous proinflammatory and proatherogenic cytokines and chemokines, it is unclear whether adipose-derived chemotactic signals affect the chronic inflammation in atherosclerosis. Methods and Results—Histological examination showed that perivascular WAT (pWAT) is in close proximity to vascular walls, particularly at sites that have a tendency to develop atherosclerosis. In rodents, the amount of pWAT is markedly increased by a high-fat diet. At a functional level, supernatant from subcutaneous and pWAT strongly induced the chemotaxis of peripheral blood leukocytes. The migration of granulocytes and monocytes was mostly mediated by interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, respectively, whereas both chemokines contributed to the migration of activated T cells. Moreover, pWAT produces these chemokines, as shown by immunohistochemistry and by explant culture. The accumulation of macrophages and T cells at the interface between pWAT and the adventitia of human atherosclerotic aortas may reflect this prochemotactic activity of pWAT. Conclusions—Human pWAT has chemotactic properties through the secretion of different chemokines, and we propose that pWAT might contribute to the progression of obesity-associated atherosclerosis.