Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bounds on the Maximum Number of Concurrent Links in MIMO Ad Hoc Networks with QoS Constraints

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) based Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols have received a good deal of attention as researchers look to enhance overall performance of Ad Hoc networks by leveraging multi antenna enabled nodes. To date such MAC protocols have been evaluated through comparative simulation based studies that report on the number of concurrent links the protocol can support. However, a bound on the maximum number of concurrent links (MNCL) that a MIMO based MAC protocol should strive to achieve has hitherto been unavailable. In this paper we present a theoretical formulation for calculating the bound on the MNCL in a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) where the nodes have multiple antenna capability, while guaranteeing a minimum Quality of Service (QoS). In an attempt to make our findings as practical and realistic as possible, the study incorporates models for the following PHY layer and channel dependent elements: (a) path loss and fast fading effects, in order to accurately model adjacent link interference; (b) a Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) based detector in the receiver which provides a balance between completely nulling of neighboring interference and hardware complexity. In calculating the bound on the MNCL our work also delivers the optimal power control solution for the network as well as the optimal link selection. The results are readily applicable to MIMO systems using Receive Diversity, Space Time Block Coding (STBC), and Transmit Beamforming and show that with a 4 element antenna system, as much as 3x improvement in the total number of concurrent links can be achieved relative to a SISO based network. The results also show diminishing improvement as the number of antennas is increased beyond 4, and the maximum allowable transmit power is increased beyond 10 dBm (for the simulated parameters).
Security issues in Sensor Networks and gathering admissible evidence in Network Forensics

The scope of information security is becoming wider everyday due to new and emerging dimensions in the evolution of computer applications with the intention to lessen manual operations. These have necessitated the needs to manufacture portable and smart devices that can be interconnected to the Internet for home and industrial usages and for environmental surveillance. Consequently, global and national regulatory laws and statutes aimed at addressing illegal activities committed across computer and sensor networks are also increasing. Nevertheless, there are incessant cases of abuse through information leakage, masquerading, telephone hacking and password cracking that are perpetrated by some users of these technologies. Thus, this paper critically describes and analyses emerging security challenges in the investigation of smart devices that interface with computer systems. The review will be functionally useful to researchers, vendors, security professionals and IT end users in general.
Dynamique de concentration dans des équations aux dérivées partielles non locales issues de la biologie

This thesis focuses on the dynamics of Dirac mass concentrations in non-local partial differential and integro-differential equations motivated by evolutionary biology. We consider population models structured in phenotypical traits and, taking into account adaptation and mutation phenomena, we aim to describe the selection of the fittest traits in a given environment. The mathematical modeling of these biological problems leads to nonlinear and nonlocal equations, with a small parameter that induces two time-scales. The asymptotic solutions to these equations are population distributions on the traits space and concentrate in Dirac masses located on the dominant traits. In the first part, we study the Dirac mass dynamics in a chemostat model, using a Hamilton-Jacobi formulation. The chemostat model is a system of equations describing the dynamics of consumers and nutrients in a bioreactor. In a second part, we investigate a competition model structured in age and phenotypical traits. By means of an appropriate factorization, we obtain the asymptotic limit of the solution as a decomposition into two profiles, one in age, the other in traits. When mutations are introduced, a Hamilton-Jacobi equation arises and we prove a uniqueness result of the solution to this equation in the framework of viscosity solutions. The last part is devoted to sexual population models. These models under investigation include asymmetric trait heredity or asymmetric trait-dependent fecundity between the parents: each individual inherits mostly its traits from the female.
An Iris Localization Method for Non-ideal Eye Images

Iris recognition is one of the emerging areas as the demand for security in social and personal areas is increasing day by day. The main and most challenging step in the process of iris recognition is iris localization. As accuracy in localization of iris significantly affect the further processing of feature extraction and template matching stages. Traditional algorithms work efficiently and accurately in localizing iris from eye images taken in constrained environmental conditions. But their accuracy is affected when eye images are taken in unconstrained environmental conditions. The proposed algorithm starts with determining the exact location of iris even in the presence of specular highlights and non-ideal environmental conditions. The proposed algorithm works well for iris images and the accuracy of segmentation stage has increased when intuitionistic fuzzy is applied on the UBIRIS v2 iris images.
PD-L1 expression and prognostic impact in glioblastoma.

BACKGROUND Therapeutic targeting of the immune checkpoints cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 (CTLA-4) and PD-1/PD-L1 has demonstrated tumor regression in clinical trials, and phase 2 trials are ongoing in glioblastoma (GBM). Previous reports have suggested that responses are more frequent in patients with tumors that express PD-L1; however, this has been disputed. At issue is the validation of PD-L1 biomarker assays and prognostic impact. METHODS Using immunohistochemical analysis, we measured the incidence of PD-L1 expression in 94 patients with GBM. We categorized our results according to the total number of PD-L1-expressing cells within the GBMs and then validated this finding in ex vivo GBM flow cytometry with further analysis of the T cell populations. We then evaluated the association between PD-L1 expression and median survival time using the protein expression datasets and mRNA from The Cancer Genome Atlas. RESULTS The median percentage of PD-L1-expressing cells in GBM by cell surface staining is 2.77% (range: 0%-86.6%; n = 92), which is similar to the percentage found by ex vivo flow cytometry. The majority of GBM patients (61%) had tumors with at least 1% or more PD-L1-positive cells, and 38% had at least 5% or greater PD-L1 expression. PD-L1 is commonly expressed on the GBM-infiltrating T cells. Expression of both PD-L1 and PD-1 are negative prognosticators for GBM outcome. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of PD-L1 expression in GBM patients is frequent but is confined to a minority subpopulation, similar to other malignancies that have been profiled for PD-L1 expression. Higher expression of PD-L1 is correlated with worse outcome.
JaConTeBe: A Benchmark Suite of Real-World Java Concurrency Bugs (T)

Researchers have proposed various approaches to detect concurrency bugs and improve multi-threaded programs, but performing evaluations of the effectiveness of these approaches still remains a substantial challenge. We survey the existing evaluations and find out that they often use code or bugs not representative of real world. To improve representativeness, we have prepared JaConTeBe, a benchmark suite of 47 confirmed concurrency bugs from 8 popular open-source projects, supplemented with test cases for reproducing buggy behaviors. Running three approaches on JaConTeBe shows that our benchmark suite confirms some limitations of the three approaches. We submitted JaConTeBe to the SIR repository (a software-artifact repository for rigorous controlled experiments), and it was included as a part of SIR.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways Following Traumatic Brain Injury

The mechanisms underlying the secondary or delayed cell death in the hippocampus and cerebral hemisphere after traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been poorly understood. Recent data suggesting that TBI may have relationship with both an inflammatory and a neurodegenerative factors are also presented. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), which play a crucial role in signal transduction, are activated by phosphorylation in response to a variety of mitogenic signals. In this article, we review the clinical and experimental evidence for brain damage after TBI. In addition, the MAPK pathways, closely involved in signal transduction after TBI, which could therefore be a new and potentially effective therapeutic target in TBI. Further investigations are therefore necessary to better understand cerebral traumatic damage and delineate the best practice strategies needed to improve the patient outcomes after TBI.
Chaotic image encryption using modular addition and combinatorial techniques

The image encryption is widely used to secure transmission of data in an open internet and internet works. For image based cryptosystems chaotic maps can be used as a key because of its nonlinear component. Due to sensitivity to initial conditions, chaotic maps have best alternative for designing dynamic permutation of the image based cryptosystem. A chaotic map is used to generate permutation matrix. An external secret key is used to derive the initial conditions for chaotic map. A pixel shuffling is used to expand diffusion property in the image and dissipate the high correlation among image pixels. The proposed algorithm is basically consisting of a pixel shuffling and modular addition plus permutation, which is a combination of block permutation, pixel permutation and value transformation. In general, diffusion and permutation is performed in a concurrent manner. These two methods are opened and operated alternatively in every round of encryption process at least four such chaotic sub keys are employed in every round of primitive encryption process. Decryption has the same structure, which operates in reverse order. Results of the various types of analysis are encouraging and imply that the proposed approach is able to adeptly trade off between the speed and protection. Hence, it is suitable for the secure transmission of image, video and multi*media in real*time. The prop osed algorithm is tested for different types of statistical analysis by examining their autocorrelation, Cross Correlation (CC) performance, measuring the histogram of the cipher image and the bit error probability for the received data in a communication system.
Relationship between three-year survival and functional outcome at discharge from acute-care hospitals in each subtype of first-ever ischemic stroke patients.

BACKGROUND We studied the relationship between survival prognosis and the functional outcome at discharge from acute-care hospitals in each subtype of ischemic stroke patients. METHODS A total of 853 consecutive patients with first-ever ischemic stroke, recruited from December 1999 to November 2002, were followed for 725.8 ± 430.0 days. Functional outcome was scored using the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves, log rank test, and Cox regression model. RESULTS The respective mortality of the groups with mRS scores of 0-2, 3, 4, and 5 were 13.1%, 25.0%, 47.2% (p<0.05), and 74.0% (p<0.05) in cardioembolic infarction (CEI) patients; 11.3%, 6.9%, 5.6%, and 46.7% (p<0.05) in atherothrombotic infarction (ATI) patients; 8.5%, 5.6%, 11.1%, and 0% (no patient) in lacunar infarction (LACI) patients; and 2.6%, 3.0%, 23.3% (p<0.05), and 28.9% (p<0.05) in infarction of unknown cause (IUC) patients. Multi-variate analysis showed that the mRS score was a significant predictive factor for death in CEI patients, and tended to be a predictive factor for death in ATI patients, or IUC patients. CONCLUSION Functional outcome at discharge from acute-care hospitals may predict the survival prognosis of each subtype of ischemic stroke.
Family history of type 2 diabetes is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity and an impaired balance between insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in white youth.

OBJECTIVE Family history of type 2 diabetes is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes in youth, which is increasing. This investigation aimed to evaluate the impact of family history of type 2 diabetes on insulin secretion relative to insulin sensitivity in healthy children. beta-Cell compensation for insulin sensitivity was calculated as the product of insulin sensitivity x first-phase insulin secretion, termed glucose disposition index (GDI). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 28 healthy white children (12 boys and 16 girls; 12.1 +/- 0.5 years of age) with a positive family history of type 2 diabetes and 26 healthy white children (13 boys and 13 girls; 11.5 +/- 0.4 years of age) with a negative family history of type 2 diabetes underwent a 3-h 40 mU.m(-2). min(-1) hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to assess insulin sensitivity and clearance and a 2-h hyperglycemic clamp to assess insulin secretion. Body composition and visceral adiposity were evaluated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography at the L4-L5 intervertebral space. RESULTS Insulin sensitivity was lower in children with a family history of type 2 diabetes versus children without a family history (8.8 +/- 0.9 vs. 12.2 +/- 1.1 micromol.kg(-1). min(-1) per pmol/l, P = 0.02). Similarly, insulin clearance was lower. First- and second-phase insulin levels were not different between groups with and without a positive family history. The GDI was lower in youth with versus youth without a positive family history (4.1 +/- 0.3 vs. 5.2 +/- 0.5 mmol.kg(-1). min(-1), P = 0.039). IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) was 60% lower in youth with versus youth without the positive family history. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that family history of type 2 diabetes in white children is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity and clearance, decreased IGFBP-1, and an impaired relationship between insulin action and beta-cell compensation. Detection of these alterations in hormonal and metabolic parameters in children with a positive family history suggests that at least some of the determinants of GDI are genetic/heritable.
Analysis of the Sensitivity of Solar Rotation to Helioseismic Data from GONG, GOLF, and MDI Observations

Accurate determination of the rotation rate in the radiative zone of the Sun from helioseismic observations requires rotational frequency splittings of exceptional quality as well as reliable inversion techniques. Here we present inferences based on mode parameters calculated from 2088 day MDI, GONG, and GOLF time series that were fitted to estimate very low frequency rotational splittings (ν < 1.7 mHz). These low-frequency modes provide data of exceptional quality, since the width of the mode peaks is much smaller than the rotational splitting, and hence it is much easier to separate the rotational splittings from the effects caused by the finite lifetime and the stochastic excitation of the modes. We have also implemented a new inversion methodology that allows us to infer the rotation rate of the radiative interior from mode sets that span ℓ = 1 to 25. Our results are compatible with the Sun rotating like a rigid solid in most of the radiative zone, and slowing down in the core (r/R☉ < 0.2). A resolution analysis of the inversion was carried out for the solar rotation inverse problem. This analysis effectively establishes a direct relationship between the mode set included in the inversion and the sensitivity and information content of the resulting inferences. We show that such an approach allows us to determine the effect of adding low-frequency and low-degree p-modes, high-frequency and low-degree p-modes, and some g-modes on the derived rotation rate in the solar radiative zone, and in particular the solar core. We conclude that the level of uncertainty that is needed to infer the dynamical conditions in the core when only p-modes are included is unlikely to be reached in the near future, and hence sustained efforts are needed toward the detection and characterization of g-modes.
INFINITE MULTI-BASES

Infinite multi-bases can have infinite and multiple type declarations for the same variable. They can be used as a proof-technique to manipulate only one common basis along the proof. However, no proper definition and precise study of typed lambda calculus with infinite multi-bases appear in the literature. This paper introduces type assignment systems with infinite multi-bases and studies the basic meta-theoretic properties. As an application of our study of multi-bases, we prove that a function on �-terms satisfies the type semantics property if and only if this function defines astructure which coincides with the usual filter structure.
A Small, Insect-Inspired Robot that Runs and Jumps

This paper describes the latest additions to the Mini-Whegs™ series of small robots. These new robots are fully enclosed, measure 9 to 10 cm long, and range in weight from 90 g to 190 g. Mini-Whegs™ 7 weighs less than 90 g, but can run at over three body-lengths per second and surmount 3.8 cm high obstacles. The most recent iteration, Mini-Whegs™ 9J, incorporates fully independent running and jumping modes of locomotion. The controllable jumping mechanism allows it to leap as high as 18 cm.
IVF culture media: past, present and future.

BACKGROUND The advances in the world of IVF during the last decades have been rapid and impressive and culture media play a major role in this success. Until the 1980s fertility centers made their media in house. Nowadays, there are numerous commercially available culture media that contain various components including nutrients, vitamins and growth factors. This review goes through the past, present and future of IVF culture media and explores their composition and quality assessment. METHODS A computerized search was performed in PubMed regarding IVF culture media including results from 1929 until March 2014. Information was gathered from the websites of companies who market culture media, advertising material, instructions for use and certificates of analysis. The regulation regarding IVF media mainly in the European Union (EU) but also in non-European countries was explored. RESULTS The keyword 'IVF culture media' gave 923 results in PubMed and 'embryo culture media' 12 068 results dating from 1912 until March 2014, depicting the increased scientific activity in this field. The commercialization of IVF culture media has increased the standards bringing a great variety of options into clinical practice. However, it has led to reduced transparency and comparisons of brand names that do not facilitate the scientific dialogue. Furthermore, there is some evidence suggesting that suboptimal culture conditions could cause long-term reprogramming in the embryo as the periconception period is particularly susceptible to epigenetic alterations. IVF media are now classified as class III medical devices and only CE (Conformité Européene)-marked media should be used in the EU. CONCLUSION The CE marking of IVF culture media is a significant development in the field. However, the quality and efficiency of culture media should be monitored closely. Well-designed randomized controlled trials, large epidemiological studies and full transparency should be the next steps. Reliable, standardized models assessing multiple end-points and post-implantation development should replace the mouse embryo assay. Structured long-term follow-up of children conceived by assisted reproduction technologies and traceability are of paramount importance.
Computing Bayesian Means Using Simulation

This article is concerned with the estimation of α = E{r(Z)}, where Z is a random vector and the function values r(z) must be evaluated using simulation. Estimation problems of this form arise in the field of Bayesian simulation, where Z represents the uncertain (input) parameters of a system and r(z) is the expected performance of the system when Z = z. Our approach involves obtaining (possibly biased) simulation estimates of the function values r(z) for a number of different values of z, and then using a (possibly weighted) average of these estimates to estimate α. We start by considering the case where the chosen values of z are independent and identically distributed observations of the random vector Z (independent sampling). We analyze the resulting estimator as the total computational effort c grows and provide numerical results. Then we show that improved convergence rates can be obtained through the use of techniques other than independent sampling. Specifically, our results indicate that the use of quasi-random sequences yields a better convergence rate than independent sampling, and that in the presence of a suitable special structure, it may be possible to use other numerical integration techniques (such as Simpson’s rule) to achieve the best possible rate c− 1/2 as c → ∞. Finally, we present and analyze a general framework of estimators for α that encompasses independent sampling, quasi-random sequences, and Simpson’s rule as special cases.
Working towards an Open Library for Economics : The RePEc project ∗ 2000 – 03 – 24

After arXiv.org, the RePEc Economics library offers the second-largest source of freely downloadable scientific preprints in the world. RePEc has a different business model and a different content coverage than arXiv.org. This paper addresses both differences. As far as the business model is concerned, RePEc is an instance of a concept that I call the “Open Library”. An Open Library is open in two ways. It is open for contribution (third parties can add to it), and it is open for implementation (many user services may be created). Conventional libraries—including most digital libraries—are closed in both directions. As far as the content coverage is concerned, RePEc seeks to build a relational dataset about scholarly resources and other aspects of reality that are related to these resources. This basically means identifying all authors, all papers and all institutions that work in economics. Such an ambitious project can only be achieved if the cost to collect metadata is decentralized and low, and if the benefits to supply metadata are large. The Open Library provides a framework where these conditions are fulfilled. This paper is available online at http://openlib.org/home/krichel/myers.html. ∗The work discussed here has received financial support by the Joint Information Systems Committee of the UK Higher Education Funding Councils through its Electronic Library Programme I am grateful to Ivan V. Kurmanov for comments on an earlier version. This paper was presented at the PEAK conference at the University of Michigan on 2000–03–24. On 2001–03–05, I made cosmetic changes to this document as suggested by Jeffrey K. MacKie-Mason. These suggestions have much improved the readability of the paper without updating its contents.
An ellipsoid based, two-stage screening test for BPDN

Consider the Basis Pursuit De-Noising (BPDN) estimator for recovery of unknown, sparse parameters. This note presents an ellipsoid-based, two-stage screening test method which aims to reduce a-priori the dimensionality of the resulting optimization problem. The new elements of the proposed method are given by (i) using an efficient ellipsoid approximation scheme in both stages and (ii) making better use of the information which has been calculated during the first stage. A comparative experiment indicates that this procedure can lead to better overall time complexity compared to known screening tests, while screening away more irrelevant variables in a preprocessing stage.