Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear forecasting of the generalised Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation

We study the emergence of pattern formation and chaotic dynamics in the one-dimensional (1D) generalized Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (gKS) equation by means of a time-series analysis, in particular a nonlinear forecasting method which is based on concepts from chaos theory and appropriate statistical methods. We analyze two types of temporal signals, a local one and a global one, finding in both cases that the dynamical state of the gKS solution undergoes a transition from high-dimensional chaos to periodic pulsed oscillations through low-dimensional deterministic chaos with increasing the control parameter of the system. Our results demonstrate that the proposed nonlinear forecasting methodology allows to elucidate the dynamics of the system in terms of its predictability properties.
Effect of including nonfatal events in cardiovascular risk estimation, illustrated with data from The Netherlands

Aims: European physicians use SCORE risk charts to predict a patient’s 10-year risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) mortality. We examined whether the inclusion of nonfatal events improved risk estimation and the identification of high-risk persons. Methods and results: In the EPIC-NL cohort, risk factor data were collected between 1993 and 1997 in 6772 men and 9108 women aged 35–65 years. During 10 years of follow up, 540 total (fatal + nonfatal) CVD events occurred, of which 122 (23%) were fatal. Risk equations were developed using Cox proportional hazard models. Discriminating ability and hazard ratios for CVD risk factors did not differ between the two endpoints. Absolute risks for total CVD were approximately 4-fold higher than for CVD mortality. Using the current 5% CVD mortality threshold or the 22% total CVD threshold for identification of high-risk persons leaves more than 84% of all male and 98% of all female future cases untreated. Of those exceeding these thresholds, 20% and 27% of the men, respectively, and 16% and 19% of women will get a CVD event in the next 10 years. Cut-off points of 2% for CVD mortality, corresponding to 10% for total CVD, will identify high-risk persons of whom approximately 10% will get an event in the next 10 years. Conclusion: CVD mortality comprises a quarter of all total CVD events. Risk functions and the discriminating ability did not differ between the two endpoints. Cut-off points of 2% for CVD mortality or 10% for total CVD could be considered to identify high-risk persons.
Phosphorylation of aquaporin-2 regulates its endocytosis and protein–protein interactions

The water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) is essential for urine concentration. Vasopressin regulates phosphorylation of AQP2 at four conserved serine residues at the COOH-terminal tail (S256, S261, S264, and S269). We used numerous stably transfected Madin–Darby canine kidney cell models, replacing serine residues with either alanine (A), which prevents phosphorylation, or aspartic acid (D), which mimics the charged state of phosphorylated AQP2, to address whether phosphorylation is involved in regulation of (i) apical plasma membrane abundance of AQP2, (ii) internalization of AQP2, (iii) AQP2 protein–protein interactions, and (iv) degradation of AQP2. Under control conditions, S256D- and 269D-AQP2 mutants had significantly greater apical plasma membrane abundance compared to wild type (WT)-AQP2. Activation of adenylate cyclase significantly increased the apical plasma membrane abundance of all S-A or S-D AQP2 mutants with the exception of 256D-AQP2, although 256A-, 261A-, and 269A-AQP2 mutants increased to a lesser extent than WT-AQP2. Biotin internalization assays and confocal microscopy demonstrated that the internalization of 256D- and 269D-AQP2 from the plasma membrane was slower than WT-AQP2. The slower internalization corresponded with reduced interaction of S256D- and 269D-AQP2 with several proteins involved in endocytosis, including Hsp70, Hsc70, dynamin, and clathrin heavy chain. The mutants with the slowest rate of internalization, 256D- and 269D-AQP2, had a greater protein half-life (t1/2 = 5.1 h and t1/2 = 4.4 h, respectively) compared to WT-AQP2 (t1/2 = 2.9 h). Our results suggest that vasopressin-mediated membrane accumulation of AQP2 can be controlled via regulated exocytosis and endocytosis in a process that is dependent on COOH terminal phosphorylation and subsequent protein–protein interactions.
[11C]-Labeled Metformin Distribution in the Liver and Small Intestine Using Dynamic Positron Emission Tomography in Mice Demonstrates Tissue-Specific Transporter Dependency

Metformin is the most commonly prescribed oral antidiabetic drug, with well-documented beneficial preventive effects on diabetic complications. Despite being in clinical use for almost 60 years, the underlying mechanisms for metformin action remain elusive. Organic cation transporters (OCT), including multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATE), are essential for transport of metformin across membranes, but tissue-specific activity of these transporters in vivo is incompletely understood. Here, we use dynamic positron emission tomography with [11C]-labeled metformin ([11C]-metformin) in mice to investigate the role of OCT and MATE in a well-established target tissue, the liver, and a putative target of metformin, the small intestine. Ablation of OCT1 and OCT2 significantly reduced the distribution of metformin in the liver and small intestine. In contrast, inhibition of MATE1 with pyrimethamine caused accumulation of metformin in the liver but did not affect distribution in the small intestine. The demonstration of OCT-mediated transport into the small intestine provides evidence of direct effects of metformin in this tissue. OCT and MATE have important but separate roles in uptake and elimination of metformin in the liver, but this is not due to changes in biliary secretion. [11C]-Metformin holds great potential as a tool to determine the pharmacokinetic properties of metformin in clinical studies.
TP tool - A MATLAB toolbox for TP model transformation

The Tensor Product model transformation is a numerical method that is capable of uniformly transforming LPV (linear parameter-varying) dynamic models into polytopic forms, both in a theoretical and algorithmic context. Using the TP model transformation, different optimization and convexity constraints can be considered, and transformations can be executed without any analytical interactions, within a reasonable amount of time (irrespective of whether the model is given in the form of analytical equations resulting from physical considerations, as an outcome of soft computing based identification techniques such as neural networks or fuzzy logic based methods, or as a result of a blackbox identification). Thus, the transformation replaces the usual analytical and oftentimes complex conversions with a numerically tractable and straightforward series of operations. The TP model transformation generates two kinds of polytopic models. Firstly, it numerically reconstructs the HOSVD (Higher Order Singular Value) based canonical form of LPV models. This is a new and unique polytopic representation. This form extracts the unique structure and various important properties of a given LPV model in the same sense as the HOSVD does for matrices and tensors. Secondly, the TP model transformation generates various convex polytopic forms, upon which LMI (Linear Matrix Inequality) based multi-objective control design techniques can immediately be executed in order to satisfy the given control performance requirements. TP tool is a MATLAB Toolbox that implements the Tensor Product Model Transformation based Control Design framework. It is available at http://tptool.sztaki. hu.
Central regulation of sodium appetite

Sodium appetite, the behavioural drive to ingest salt, is stimulated by prolonged physiological sodium deficiency in many animal species. The same neural mechanisms that are responsible for sodium appetite in laboratory animals may influence human behaviour as well, with particular relevance to the dietary salt intake of patients with diseases such as heart failure, renal failure, liver failure and salt‐sensitive hypertension. Since the original experimental work of Curt Richter in the 1930s, much has been learned about the regulation of salt‐ingestive behaviour. Here, we review data from physiology, pharmacology, neuroanatomy and neurobehavioural investigations into the stimulatory and inhibitory signals that regulate sodium appetite. A rudimentary framework is proposed for the brain circuits that integrate peripheral information representing the need for sodium with neural signals for the gustatory detection of salt in order to drive a motivated ingestive response. Based on this model, areas of remaining uncertainty are highlighted where future information would allow a more detailed understanding of the neural circuitry responsible for sodium appetite.
Gestational Gigantomastia Complicating Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Background. Gestational gigantomastia is a rare disorder without clear etiology or well-established risk factors. Several pathogenic mechanisms contributing to the disease process have been proposed, all of which can lead to a similar phenotype of breast hypertrophy. Case. A 28-year-old Guinean woman presented at 37 weeks of gestation with bilateral gigantomastia, mastalgia, peau d'orange, and back pain. Prolactin levels were 103.3 μg/L (with a normal reference value for prolactin in pregnancy being 36–372 μg/L). The patient was treated with bromocriptine (2.5 mg twice daily), scheduled for a repeat cesarean, and referred to surgery for bilateral mammoplasty. Conclusion. Gestational gigantomastia is a rare disorder, characterized by enlargement and hypertrophy of breast tissue. Our patient presented with no endocrine or hematological abnormalities, adding to a review of the literature for differential diagnoses, workup, and management of cases of gestational gigantomastia with normal hormone levels.
Timing of Stroke in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Replacement and Matched Controls: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Background and Purpose— Stroke is a potentially fatal complication of total hip replacements (THR). However, timing of stroke in THR patients compared with matched controls and influence of drug use remain unknown. The objective of this study was to determine timing of stroke in patients with THR compared with matched control subjects. Methods— A nationwide cohort study was conducted within the Danish registers (1998–2007). Included patients were those with a primary THR in the study period (n=66 583) and were matched by age, sex, and region to three referent subjects without THR or total knee replacements. Time-dependent Cox models were used to derive hazard ratios and were adjusted for disease history and drug use. Results— A 4.7-fold increased risk of ischemic stroke (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.69; 95% CI, 3.12–7.06), and a 4.4-fold increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.40; 95% CI, 2.01–9.62) were found within 2 weeks following THR, compared with matched controls. The risk remained elevated during the first 6 postoperative weeks for ischemic stroke, and the first 12 weeks for hemorrhagic stroke. Outpatient antiplatelet drug use lowered the 6-week hazard ratios for ischemic stroke by 70%, although not affecting risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusions— This study shows, that THR patients have a 4.7-fold increased risk of ischemic stroke, and a 4.4-fold increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke during the first 2 weeks postsurgery. Risk assessment of stroke in individual patients undergoing THR (ie, evaluate other risk factors for stroke) should be considered during the first 6 to 12 weeks.
‘If only I manage to get home I'll get better’-Interviews with stroke patients after emergency stay in hospital on their experiences and needs

Objective: To find out about the experiences of stroke patients concerning their falling ill, their stay in hospital, discharge and homecoming. Design: Qualitative methods using in-depth interviews. Subjects and setting: Nine strategically chosen patients and in five cases near family members were interviewed in their homes four months post stroke and following care at the Stroke Centre, University Hospital of Northern Sweden, Umea°. Results: Three main categories with subcategories were brought to the fore from the interviews: ‘Responsible and implicated’, ’Depersonalized object for caring measures’ and ‘The striving for repersonalization and autonomy’. The patients got the most important insights and understanding about their state and the consequences when they came home. Conclusion: The three main categories that were found mirror the crisis which becoming ill entails and the process gone through when the individual takes control again of his or her life. The patients saw coming home as an important factor for their recovery and rehabilitation. The health care system needs to develop strategies to make use of the power of this attitude with the patients and to use the patients' own milieu in rehabilitation after stroke.
Results of an Interdisciplinary Day Care Approach for Chronic Tinnitus Treatment: A Prospective Study Introducing the Jena Interdisciplinary Treatment for Tinnitus

Objective: Considering the heterogeneity of the symptoms shown by patients suffering from chronic tinnitus, there are surprisingly few interdisciplinary treatments available, and mostly available only for inpatients. In order to provide an interdisciplinary treatment, we developed a day care concept in which each patient was treated by an ENT doctor, a cognitive behavioral therapist, a specialist for medical rehabilitation and an audiologist (Jena Interdisciplinary Treatment for Tinnitus, JITT). The aim of this study was to observe the changes of tinnitus related distress due to interdisciplinary day care treatment and to determine which factors mediate this change. Subjects and Methods: Tinnitus annoyance was measured using the Tinnitus Questionnaire on 308 patients with chronic tinnitus. They were treated in the day care unit over five consecutive days between July 2013 and December 2014. Data were collected before treatment when screened (T0), at the beginning (T1) and at the end of the 5 day treatment (T2), as well as 20 days (T3) and 6 months after treatment (T4). Results: Overall, tinnitus annoyance improved significantly from the screening day to the beginning of treatment, and to a much larger degree from the beginning to the end of treatment. The treatment outcome remained stable 6 months after treatment. Patients with the following symptoms displayed higher tinnitus annoyance at T0: dizziness at tinnitus onset, tinnitus sound could not be masked with background noise, tinnitus worsening during physical stress, comorbid psychiatric diagnosis, higher age and higher hearing loss. Loudness of tinnitus perceived in the right ear correlated with tinnitus annoyance significantly. Demographic, tinnitus and strain variables could only explain 12.8% of the variance of the change in tinnitus annoyance from T0 to T4. Out of 39 predictors, the only significant ones were “sick leave 6 months before treatment” and “tinnitus annoyance at T0. ” Conclusion: The newly developed JITT represents a valuable treatment for chronic tinnitus patients with improvement remaining stable for at least 6 months after treatment. Using a large number of variables did not allow predicting treatment outcome which underlines the heterogeneity of tinnitus.
Transmission of Prions from Mule Deer and Elk with Chronic Wasting Disease to Transgenic Mice Expressing Cervid PrP

ABSTRACT We generated mice expressing cervid prion protein to produce a transgenic system simulating chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer and elk. While normal mice were resistant to CWD, these transgenic mice uniformly developed signs of neurological dysfunction ∼230 days following intracerebral inoculation with four CWD isolates. Inoculated transgenic mice homozygous for the transgene array developed disease after ∼160 days. The brains of sick transgenic mice exhibited widespread spongiform degeneration and contained abnormal prion protein and abundant amyloid plaques, many of which were florid plaques. Transmission studies indicated that the same prion strain caused CWD in the analyzed mule deer and elk. These mice provide a new and reliable tool for detecting CWD prions.
Slow start algorithm based on Ad-hoc network

Research on Vegas slow start strategy and in the Ad-hoc network congestion and the critical value problems. On the basis of this puts forward a new algorithm to solve the two problems. Environment through NS2 algorithms comparison of simulation, prove its communication performance compared with other algorithms for further improvement, but also the fairness is also good.
The Rice Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein RF5 Restores Fertility in Hong-Lian Cytoplasmic Male-Sterile Lines via a Complex with the Glycine-Rich Protein GRP162[C][W]

This work identifies the pentatricopeptide repeat protein RF9 and finds that it restores fertility in cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) Hong-Lian rice by interacting with a Gly-rich protein as part of a complex that processes the CMS-associated transcript atp6-orfH79, thereby restoring fertility. The cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) phenotype in plants can be reversed by the action of nuclear-encoded fertility restorer (Rf) genes. The molecular mechanism involved in Rf gene–mediated processing of CMS-associated transcripts is unclear, as are the identities of other proteins that may be involved in the CMS–Rf interaction. In this study, we cloned the restorer gene Rf5 for Hong-Lian CMS in rice and studied its fertility restoration mechanism with respect to the processing of the CMS-associated transcript atp6-orfH79. RF5, a pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein, was unable to bind to this CMS-associated transcript; however, a partner protein of RF5 (GRP162, a Gly-rich protein encoding 162 amino acids) was identified to bind to atp6-orfH79. GRP162 was found to physically interact with RF5 and to bind to atp6-orfH79 via an RNA recognition motif. Furthermore, we found that RF5 and GRP162 are both components of a restoration of fertility complex (RFC) that is 400 to 500 kD in size and can cleave CMS-associated transcripts in vitro. Evidence that a PPR protein interacts directly with a Gly-rich protein to form a subunit of the RFC provides a new perspective on the molecular mechanisms underlying fertility restoration.
Applying discretized articulatory knowledge to dysarthric speech

This paper applies two dynamic Bayes networks that include theoretical and measured kinematic features of the vocal tract, respectively, to the task of labeling phoneme sequences in unsegmented dysarthric speech. Speaker dependent and adaptive versions of these models are compared against two acoustic-only baselines, namely a hidden Markov model and a latent dynamic conditional random field. Both theoretical and kinematic models of the vocal tract perform admirably on speaker-dependent speech, and we show that the statistics of the latter are not necessarily transferable between speakers during adaptation.
16 Temporomandibular Disorders and Orthodontic Treatment – A Review with a Reported Clinical Case

The multifactorial etiopathogenic models of TMDs have no practical use at patient level because certain occlusal conditions, exposure to psychological macrotrauma, bruxist behaviour, etc., cannot be associated with TMD symptoms which are exhibited by the patient. Idiopathic (nonspecific) etiology imposes a personalised approach to every single patient during diagnostics, planning and the use of treatment modalities as well as during recall. TMD symptomatology includes the main symptoms such as pain of masticatory muscles and/or TMJ, limited and painful mouth opening as well as pathologic noise in the joints. Pain is the most important symptom in TMDs pathogenesis due to which patients seek treatment and therefore, the main aim of the treatment is pain removal (Jürgens, 2009).
Access to HIV care in the context of universal test and treat: challenges within the ANRS 12249 TasP cluster-randomized trial in rural South Africa

We aimed to quantify and identify associated factors of linkage to HIV care following home‐based HIV counselling and testing (HBHCT) in the ongoing ANRS 12249 treatment‐as‐prevention (TasP) cluster‐randomized trial in rural KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa.
Immunopurified Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Phosphorylates and Activates p70 S6 Kinase α in Vitro *

p70 S6 kinase α (p70α) is activated in vivo through a multisite phosphorylation in response to mitogens if a sufficient supply of amino acids is available or to high concentrations of amino acids per se. The immunosuppressant drug rapamycin inhibits p70α activation in a manner that can be overcome by coexpression of p70α with a rapamycin-resistant mutant of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) but only if the mTOR kinase domain is intact. We report here that a mammalian recombinant p70α polypeptide, extracted in an inactive form from rapamycin-treated cells, can be directly phosphorylated by the mTOR kinase in vitro predominantly at the rapamycin-sensitive site Thr-412. mTOR-catalyzed p70α phosphorylation in vitro is accompanied by a substantial restoration in p70α kinase activity toward its physiologic substrate, the 40 S ribosomal protein S6. Moreover, sequential phosphorylation of p70α by mTOR and 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 in vitro resulted in a synergistic stimulation of p70α activity to levels similar to that attained by serum stimulation in vivo. These results indicate that mTOR is likely to function as a direct activator of p70 in vivo, although the relative contribution of mTOR-catalyzed p70 phosphorylation in each of the many circumstances that engender p70 activation remains to be defined.
Molecular characterization of the hepatitis G virus

SUMMARY. A novel virus associated with acute and chronic hepatitis has been cloned and characterized. The single‐stranded RNA genome is approximately 9000 nucleotides long and has the structure of a virus in the Flaviviridae family. The genes of the virus have been identified and characterized by a number of molecular techniques and a genetic map has been determined.
Regional blood flow and cardiac output during acute hypoxia in the anesthetized dog.

The circulatory effects of breathing low concentrations of oxygen were studied in ten anesthetized dogs. Simultaneous measurements were made of cardiac output (indicator dilution technique) and blood flow to the head, kidney, and hind limb (electromagnetic flowmeters). Four experiments were performed with the addition of succinylcholine to inhibit the ventilatory response to hypoxia and maintain pCO2 constant. A rise in cardiac output and mean arterial pressure occurred which was significantly correlated to the decrease in arterial oxygen saturation. No threshold for these responses was found. Blood flow tended to increase during hypoxia in the regions studied but the responses were variable and only the change in renal blood flow had a significant correlation to arterial oxygen unsaturation. Systemic and regional vascular resistances during hypoxia varied both in direction and magnitude of change. The preponderant effects of hypoxia influence cardiac output more than peripheral vascular resistance.