Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydra Control System

This paper reveals Hydra Control System, a control system that contains the parallel and mixture attributes all in one system. The system is composed of two main principles, Hydra Controller and Waterfall Actuator. Hydra Controller consists of various sub-controllers functioning together. While the Waterfall actuator functions as a signal selector, it detects the most appropriate signal and transfer to the actual actuator. The most outstanding component of this function is the capability of automatic structured adaptation , which enables the system to continue working even with some failure in the subcontrollers or any signal disruption. The system will fail only under circumstances where all sub-controllers are destroyed or fail simultaneously. From this concept, we have carried out an experiment of actual application with a demonstration of the design and the function of this new system which is based on the original algorithm.
Monitoring of potassium-stimulated catecholamine changes in striatal synaptosomal preparations and in corpus striatum of rats: a comparative voltammetric study.

Voltammetric techniques were used to compare the effects of K(+)-induced depolarization on catecholamine levels in in vitro synaptosomal preparations of the corpus striatum with those in the in vivo corpus striatum of anaesthetized animals. In vitro, the catechol-oxidation currents could be recorded only in dopamine-preloaded synaptosomes. In isolated synaptosomes prepared in the presence of elevated concentrations of Ca2+ (1 mmol.l-1) and Na+ (135 mmol.l-1), K(+)-induced depolarization had variable effects on catechol-oxidation current. The stimulatory effect of K(+)-induced depolarization (a short transient increase of catechol-oxidation current lasting for 30 s) could be observed after the addition of dopamine loaded synaptosomes in EGTA into the medium with elevated K+ concentration (90 mmol.l-1) and decreased concentrations of Na+ (75 mmol.l-1) and Ca2+ (0.75 mmol.l-1). These results suggest that experimental procedures and parameters of ionic composition of incubation media have to be carefully controlled, owing to an enhanced in vitro permeability of membranes of isolated synaptosomes for Ca2+ and Na+. In in vivo experiments, microinjection of KCl (3 microliters of 0.5 mol.l-1 KCl in 10 mmol.l-1 HEPES, pH 7.4) resulted in the appearance of several phases of catechol-oxidation current: the current increased (to severalfold of the control values) followed by a decrease or even total disappearance, with a gradual return to control values. Under conditions of depletion of extracellular calcium by EGTA (5 microliters of 0.5 mol.l-1 KCl + 0.25 mol.l-1 EGTA in 10 mmol.l-1 HEPES, pH 7.4) K(+)-induced depolarization confirmed the key role of calcium in the release of catecholamine transmitters as well as that in processes regulating the uptake and metabolism of these transmitters. The voltammetric techniques used in the present study may be a useful tool in extending of our knowledge about the cellular mechanisms of stimulus-response coupling in nerve cells.
Single-Carrier Frequency-Domain Equalization With Noise Prediction for MIMO Systems

Single-carrier frequency-domain equalization (SC-FDE) has recently been receiving much attention as an attractive method for broadband wireless communications for its advantages such as lower peak-to-average ratio and reduced sensitivity to carrier frequency offsets, when compared with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In this paper, we investigate its combination with multi-input multi-output (MIMO) technology and propose two novel FDE-MIMO structures, which we refer to as FDE with noise prediction (FDE-NP) and FDE-NP with successive interference cancellation (FDE-NP-SIC). It is shown that the proposed schemes have lower complexity and achieve better performance and complexity tradeoff than the conventional FDE scheme with decision feedback processing. To evaluate the system performance, we will propose an accurate theoretical analysis based on the modified Chernoff bound (MCB) and show that it is not only applicable to the proposed FDE-NP and FDE-NP-SIC schemes, but also to general MIMO systems with equalization. By using the developed MCB along with simulation results, we will show that the proposed FDE-NP and FDE-NP-SIC schemes can achieve significant performance improvement over the conventional FDE MIMO schemes
A mixed non-uniform clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks

Clustering method can increase the wireless sensor network scalability and life. Data is transmitted to the base station by multi-hop. These nodes near the base station may be failure early because of excessive energy consumption. That will lead to the network energy consumption unbalanced. This paper proposes a mixed non-uniform clustering (MNUC) algorithm. It draws on the calculation plat routing method of redundant nodes, and creative plane routing and hierarchical routing will combine. We will take distance and energy in, with limited clustering radius to solve the problem of network load imbalance caused by the multi-hop transmission. Finally, data will be transferred through the minimum spanning tree to the base station, further saving energy and extending network lifetime. Simulation results show that the routing protocol effectively balance the energy consumption of cluster head, and significantly prolong the survival time of the network.
Quasi-lumped suspended stripline filters and diplexers

This paper demonstrates a general concept and different types of filters and a diplexer realized in suspended stripline using quasi-lumped elements. Very small low-pass, bandpass, and high-pass filters with typically low loss are designed, fabricated, and tested; even transmission zeroes can easily be included into the design by additional coupling structures. Finally, a low-pass and high-pass filter are combined to form a diplexer of very small size.
Sequencing of EHR adoption among US hospitals and the impact of meaningful use

OBJECTIVE To examine whether there is a common sequence of adoption of electronic health record (EHR) functions among US hospitals, identify differences by hospital type, and assess the impact of meaningful use. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using 2008 American Hospital Association (AHA) Information Technology (IT) Supplement data, we calculate adoption rates of individual EHR functions, along with Loevinger homogeneity (H) coefficients, to assess the sequence of EHR adoption across hospitals. We compare adoption rates and Loevinger H coefficients for hospitals of different types to assess variation in sequencing. We qualitatively assess whether stage 1 meaningful use functions are those adopted early in the sequence. RESULTS There is a common sequence of EHR adoption across hospitals, with moderate-to-strong homogeneity. Patient demographic and ancillary results functions are consistently adopted first, while physician notes, clinical reminders, and guidelines are adopted last. Small hospitals exhibited greater homogeneity than larger hospitals. Rural hospitals and non-teaching hospitals exhibited greater homogeneity than urban and teaching hospitals. EHR functions emphasized in stage 1 meaningful use are spread throughout the scale. DISCUSSION Stronger homogeneity among small, rural, and non-teaching hospitals may be driven by greater reliance on vendors and less variation in the types of care they deliver. Stage 1 meaningful use is likely changing how hospitals sequence EHR adoption--in particular, by moving clinical guidelines and medication computerized provider order entry ahead in sequence. CONCLUSIONS While there is a common sequence underlying adoption of EHR functions, the degree of adherence to the sequence varies by key hospital characteristics. Stage 1 meaningful use likely alters the sequence.
Ozone climatology using interactive chemistry: Results from the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model

The climatology of ozone produced by the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM) is presented. This three-dimensional global model incorporates the radiative feedbacks of ozone and water vapor calculated on-line with a photochemical module. This module includes a comprehensive gas-phase reaction set and a limited set of heterogeneous reactions to account for processes occurring on background sulphate aerosols. While transport is global, photochemistry is solved from about 400 hPa to the top of the model at ∼95 km. This approach provides a complete and comprehensive representation of transport, emission, and photochemistry of various constituents from the surface to the mesopause region. A comparison of model results with observations indicates that the ozone distribution and variability are in agreement with observations throughout most of the model domain. Column ozone annual variation is represented to within 5–10% of the observations except in the Southern Hemisphere for springtime high latitudes. The vertical ozone distribution is generally well represented by the model up to the mesopause region. Nevertheless, in the upper stratosphere, the model generally underestimates the amount of ozone as well as the latitudinal tilting of ozone isopleths at high latitude. Ozone variability is analyzed and compared with measurements. The comparison shows that the phase and amplitude of the seasonal variation as well as shorter timescale variations are well represented by the model at various latitudes and heights. Finally, the impact of incorporating ozone radiative feedback on the model climatology is isolated. It is found that the incorporation of ozone radiative feedback results in a cooling of ∼8 K in the summer stratopause region, which corrects a warm bias that results when climatological ozone is used.
Bridging the Gap between the Human and Macaque Connectome: A Quantitative Comparison of Global Interspecies Structure-Function Relationships and Network Topology

Resting state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) may provide a powerful and noninvasive “bridge” for comparing brain function between patients and experimental animal models; however, the relationship between human and macaque rs-fcMRI remains poorly understood. Here, using a novel surface deformation process for species comparisons in the same anatomical space (Van Essen, 2004, 2005), we found high correspondence, but also unique hub topology, between human and macaque functional connectomes. The global functional connectivity match between species was moderate to strong (r = 0.41) and increased when considering the top 15% strongest connections (r = 0.54). Analysis of the match between functional connectivity and the underlying anatomical connectivity, derived from a previous retrograde tracer study done in macaques (Markov et al., 2012), showed impressive structure–function correspondence in both the macaque and human. When examining the strongest structural connections, we found a 70–80% match between structural and functional connectivity matrices in both species. Finally, we compare species on two widely used metrics for studying hub topology: degree and betweenness centrality. The data showed topological agreement across the species, with nodes of the posterior cingulate showing high degree and betweenness centrality. In contrast, nodes in medial frontal and parietal cortices were identified as having high degree and betweenness in the human as opposed to the macaque. Our results provide: (1) a thorough examination and validation for a surface-based interspecies deformation process, (2) a strong theoretical foundation for making interspecies comparisons of rs-fcMRI, and (3) a unique look at topological distinctions between the species.
Caching, device-to-device and fog computing in 5th cellular networks generation : Survey

Many researches and standardization work on the challenges that 5th networks generation raised from the radio perspective while employing advanced techniques such as massive MIMO (Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output) and CoMP (Cooperative Multi-points Processes). However the backhaul problems such as bottlenecks has emerged due to the deployment of ultradense and heavy traffic that should be connected to the core networks. In this paper we investigate the caching as a promising solution to deal with the backhaul problems and the offload of the network. By caching the content near the users, at the base stations or at the device side via device-to-device communications or in advanced architecture of the cloud (In the Fog) is a promising solution to bring the interesting content closer to the users. Caching techniques are many, in this paper we grouped the most interesting ones with regard to different architectures, considering the cases and the quality of the solutions.
The principle of the large sieve

We describe a very general abstract form of sieve based on a large sieve inequality which generalizes both the classical sieve inequality of Montgomery (and its higher-dimensional variants), and our recent sieve for Frobenius over function fields. The general framework suggests new applications. We get some first results on the number of prime divisors of ``most'' elements of an elliptic divisibility sequence, and we develop in some detail ``probabilistic'' sieves for random walks on arithmetic groups, e.g., estimating the probability of finding a reducible characteristic polynomial at some step of a random walk on SL(n,Z). In addition to the sieve principle, the applications depend on bounds for a large sieve constant. To prove such bounds involves a variety of deep results, including Property (T) or expanding properties of Cayley graphs, and the Riemann Hypothesis over finite fields. It seems likely that this sieve can have further applications.
Hepatitis C Virus Adaptation to T-Cell Immune Pressure

Replication of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an error-prone process. This high error rate results in the emergence of viral populations (quasispecies) within hosts and contributes to interhost variability. Numerous studies have demonstrated that both viral and host factors contribute to this viral diversity, which can ultimately affect disease outcome. As the host's immune response is an important correlate of infection outcome for HCV, many of these viral variations are strongly influenced by T-cell immune pressure and accordingly constitute an efficient strategy to subvert such pressures (viral adaptations). This paper will review the data on viral diversity observed between and within hosts infected with HCV from the acute to the chronic stage of infection and will focus on viral adaptation to the host's T-cell immune response.
Heat Shock Protein 60 Specific T‐Cell Response in Chlamydial Infections

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) of most pathogens, including Chlamydia, are major immune targets of both humoral‐ and cell‐mediated immune mechanisms. During the last decade, many investigators have focused their research to elucidate the complex relationship of chlamydial HSPs, especially chlamydial HSP60, and the host immune response. A central issue is whether the pathologic mechanisms in chronic chlamydial diseases are associated with an enhanced immune response to chlamydial HSP60 which can mediate tissue destruction through cytotoxic reactions, or whether they are related to the Th2 type of response that eventually leads to partial or temporary suppression of an effective antichlamydial response. Our review highlights the available knowledge between immune responses to chlamydial HSP60 and chronic chlamydial infections in human.
Metagenome Sequence Analysis of Filamentous Microbial Communities Obtained from Geochemically Distinct Geothermal Channels Reveals Specialization of Three Aquificales Lineages

The Aquificales are thermophilic microorganisms that inhabit hydrothermal systems worldwide and are considered one of the earliest lineages of the domain Bacteria. We analyzed metagenome sequence obtained from six thermal “filamentous streamer” communities (∼40 Mbp per site), which targeted three different groups of Aquificales found in Yellowstone National Park (YNP). Unassembled metagenome sequence and PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene libraries revealed that acidic, sulfidic sites were dominated by Hydrogenobaculum (Aquificaceae) populations, whereas the circum-neutral pH (6.5–7.8) sites containing dissolved sulfide were dominated by Sulfurihydrogenibium spp. (Hydrogenothermaceae). Thermocrinis (Aquificaceae) populations were found primarily in the circum-neutral sites with undetectable sulfide, and to a lesser extent in one sulfidic system at pH 8. Phylogenetic analysis of assembled sequence containing 16S rRNA genes as well as conserved protein-encoding genes revealed that the composition and function of these communities varied across geochemical conditions. Each Aquificales lineage contained genes for CO2 fixation by the reverse-TCA cycle, but only the Sulfurihydrogenibium populations perform citrate cleavage using ATP citrate lyase (Acl). The Aquificaceae populations use an alternative pathway catalyzed by two separate enzymes, citryl-CoA synthetase (Ccs), and citryl-CoA lyase (Ccl). All three Aquificales lineages contained evidence of aerobic respiration, albeit due to completely different types of heme Cu oxidases (subunit I) involved in oxygen reduction. The distribution of Aquificales populations and differences among functional genes involved in energy generation and electron transport is consistent with the hypothesis that geochemical parameters (e.g., pH, sulfide, H2, O2) have resulted in niche specialization among members of the Aquificales.
Deep SAURON spectral imaging of the diffuse Lyman α halo LAB1 in SSA 22

We have used the SAURON panoramic integral field spectrograph to study the structure of the Lya emission-line halo, LAB1, surrounding the submillimetre galaxy SMM J221726+0013. This emission-line halo was discovered during a narrow-band imaging survey of the z = 3.1 large-scale structure in the SSA 22 region. Our observations trace the emission halo out to almost 100 kpc from the submillimetre source and identify two distinct Lya 'mini-haloes' around the nearby Lyman-break galaxies. The main emission region has a broad line profile, with variations in the line profile seeming chaotic and lacking evidence for a coherent velocity structure. The data also suggest that Lya emission is suppressed around the submillimetre source. Interpretation of the line structure needs care because Lya may be resonantly scattered, leading to complex radiative transfer effects, and we suggest that the suppression in this region arises because of such effects. We compare the structure of the central emission-line halo with local counterparts, and find that the emission-line halo around NGC 1275 in the Perseus cluster may be a good local analogue, although the high-redshift halo is factor of ∼100 more luminous and appears to have higher velocity broadening. Around the Lyman-break galaxy C15, the emission line is narrower, and a clear shear in the emission wavelength is seen. A plausible explanation for the line profile is that the emission gas is expelled from C15 in a bipolar outflow, similar to that seen in M82.
The optical spectra of X-shaped radio galaxies

X-shaped radio galaxies are defined by their peculiar large-scale radio morphology. In addition to the classical double-lobed structure they have a pair of low-luminosity wings that straddles the nucleus at almost right angles to the active lobes, thus giving the impression of an ‘X’. In this paper we study for the first time the optical spectral properties of this object class using a large sample (∼50 sources). We find that the X-shaped radio population is composed roughly equally of sources with weak and strong emission-line spectra, which makes them, in combination with the well-known fact that they preferentially have radio powers intermediate between those of Fanaroff–Riley type I (FR I) and type II (FR II) radio galaxies, the archetypal transition population. We do not find evidence in support of the proposition that the X shape is the result of a recent merger: X-shaped radio sources do not have unusually broad emission lines, their nuclear environments are in general not dusty and their host galaxies do not show signs of enhanced star formation. Instead, we observe that the nuclear regions of X-shaped radio sources have relatively high temperatures. This finding favours models which propose that the X shape is the result of an overpressured environment.
Potential for the International Spread of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in Association with Mass Gatherings in Saudi Arabia

Background: A novel coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causing severe, life-threatening respiratory disease has emerged in the Middle East at a time when two international mass gatherings in Saudi Arabia are imminent. While MERS-CoV has already spread to and within other countries, these mass gatherings could further amplify and/or accelerate its international dissemination, especially since the origins and geographic source of the virus remain poorly understood. Methods: We analyzed 2012 worldwide flight itinerary data and historic Hajj pilgrim data to predict population movements out of Saudi Arabia and the broader Middle East to help cities and countries assess their potential for MERS-CoV importation. We compared the magnitude of travel to countries with their World Bank economic status and per capita healthcare expenditures as surrogate markers of their capacity for timely detection of imported MERS-CoV and their ability to mount an effective public health response. Results: 16.8 million travelers flew on commercial flights out of Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates between June and November 2012, of which 51.6% were destined for India (16.3%), Egypt (10.4%), Pakistan (7.8%), the United Kingdom (4.3%), Kuwait (3.6%), Bangladesh (3.1%), Iran (3.1%) and Bahrain (2.9%). Among the 1.74 million foreign pilgrims who performed the Hajj last year, an estimated 65.1% originated from low and lower-middle income countries. Conclusion: MERS-CoV is an emerging pathogen with pandemic potential with its apparent epicenter in Saudi Arabia, where millions of pilgrims will imminently congregate for two international mass gatherings. Understanding global population movements out of the Middle East through the end of this year's Hajj could help direct anticipatory MERS-CoV surveillance and public health preparedness to mitigate its potential global health and economic impacts.
Prevention of Football Injuries

Purpose Every sport has a unique profile of injury and risk of injury. In recent years, there have been numerous attempts at conducting injury prevention trials for specific injuries or for injuries within specific sports to provide evidence useful to the sports medicine and sport community. Football has been a focus of a number of randomized injury prevention trials. Methods MEDLINE was searched with the first order keywords of “injury prevention” and “sport”. This list was restricted to “clinical trial” or “randomized controlled trial” which had been conducted on children and adults whose goal was preventing common football injuries. Our objective was to find studies with an exercise-based training program, thus projects that used mechanical interventions were excluded. Results A structured, generalized warm-up has been shown to be effective at preventing common injuries in football, reducing injuries by about one-third. Conclusion The huge participation numbers in the worldwide family of football would suggest that any reduction in injury should have a public health impact. Professionals in sports medicine need to promote injury prevention programs that have been shown to be effective.