Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information-theoretically secure key generation and management

In this paper, we address the problems of key generation and management for enabling one-key-for-one-file secure encryption, where every file is encrypted by using an independent random key, which is highly desired in long-term protection of data stored on public clouds and other applications. A new concept dubbed information-theoretical ∊-security is introduced to measure the security of a keystore (i.e., a set of random keys, k<inf>i</inf>, 1 ≤ i ≤ Λ, each consisting of l bits) which are generated from a random string of L bits, called the keystore seed. An efficient keystore generation scheme is presented, and the resulting keystore Ψ = {k<inf>i</inf> :1 ≤ i ≤ Λ} is shown to be information-theoretically e-secure with small e. Specifically, they satisfy the following properties: (1) Λ ≫ L is sufficiently large to realize one-key-for-one-file encryption for applications with a large number of files; (2) for any key index i, the key k<inf>i</inf> is uniformly distributed over the key space {0,1}<sup>1</sup> and hence statistically independent of i if i is chosen randomly; (3) for any two independent i, j, 1 ≤ i, j ≤ Λ, the probability that ki = kj is less than (1 − ∊) × 2<sup>−l</sup> + ∊ and (4) for any two independent key indices i and j, knowing i, j, and ki does not reduce the amount of uncertainty about kj significantly, i.e., the conditional Shannon entropy H (kj |i, j, ki)is at least as large as (1 − ∊)H(kj | j). These security properties along with easy generation of each key ki from the keystore seed and the key index i remove most challenges in distributing and managing a large number of random keys.
The effects of the components of lecithine upon deposition of fat in the liver

THE results of the experiments in which purified lecithine from two sources, egg yolk and fresh beef liver, has been shown to prevent deposition of fat in the livers of normal rats [Best, Hershey and Huntsman, 1932] have led us to study the effects of feeding various components of lecithine. It appeared possible that the oleic or other unsaturated fatty acid, the glycerophosphate, the choline, some combination of two or more of these factors, or the whole lecithine molecule, might be the active agent. The general procedure in this series of experiments has been to substitute for the lecithine in the daily diet of each rat the amounts of glycerophosphate, oleate, or choline, which it is calculated might be derived from 0 5 g. of purified lecithine. This amount of lecithine was previously found to be effective in preventing the deposition of fat in the livers of normal white rats, each of which ingested daily for 3 weeks approximately 2x5 g. of fairly well-saturated fat.
VCP746, a novel A1 adenosine receptor biased agonist, reduces hypertrophy in a rat neonatal cardiac myocyte model

VCP746 is a novel A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) biased agonist previously shown to be cytoprotective with no effect on heart rate. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential anti‐hypertrophic effect of VCP746 in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NCM). NCM hypertrophy was stimulated with interleukin (IL)‐1β (10 ng/mL), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α (10 ng/mL) or Ang II (100 nmol/L) and was assessed by 3H‐leucine incorporation assay. VCP746 significantly inhibited IL‐1β‐, TNF‐α‐ and Ang II‐stimulated NCM hypertrophy as determined by 3H‐leucine incorporation. The anti‐hypertrophic effect of VCP746 was also more potent than that of the prototypical A1AR agonist, N6‐cyclopentyladenosine (CPA). Further investigation with the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay showed that neither CPA nor VCP746 had any effect on cell viability, confirming that the reduction in 3H‐leucine incorporation mediated by CPA and VCP746 was not due to a reduction in cell viability. IL‐1β, TNF‐α and Ang II were also shown to increase the mRNA expression of hypertrophy biomarkers, ANP, β‐MHC and α‐SKA in NCM. Treatment with VCP746 at concentrations as low as 1 nmol/L suppressed mRNA expression of ANP, β‐MHC and α‐SKA stimulated by IL‐1β, TNF‐α or Ang II, demonstrating the broad mechanistic basis of the potent anti‐hypertrophic effect of VCP746. This study has shown that the novel A1AR agonist, VCP746, is able to attenuate cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. As such, VCP746 is potentially useful as a pharmacological agent in attenuating cardiac remodelling, especially in the post‐myocardial infarction setting, given its previously established cytoprotective properties.
The productive partnerships framework: harnessing health consumer knowledge and autonomy to create and predict successful rehabilitation outcomes

Purpose. This article examines the role of power distribution in partnerships between health consumers and professionals in determining successful desired outcomes, and the contributing role of consumer knowledge and autonomy. Recognition is given to the lack of practical tools, from both consumer and professional perspectives, to assist in the creation of productive partnerships. Method. A conceptual analysis of the notions of consumer knowledge and autonomy in the context of outcomes, followed by the development of a prototype framework that aims to facilitate productive health partnerships. Results. The authors present prototype tools, which are shared between health consumer and professional, for identifying the strength of their cumulative power relative to their alignment to a common desired outcome (goal). The tools provide a choice of power contexts for the partnership to operate within, and a simple method for testing alignment to a common goal. Conclusion. Increased health consumer knowledge and autonomy is associated with improved outcomes and these can in turn be influenced through productive health partnerships. The P2 framework is one approach to establishing robust working relationships between health professionals and consumers.
Ubiquitous Mobile Knowledge Construction in Collaborative Learning Environments

Knowledge management is a critical activity for any organization. It has been said to be a differentiating factor and an important source of competitiveness if this knowledge is constructed and shared among its members, thus creating a learning organization. Knowledge construction is critical for any collaborative organizational learning environment. Nowadays workers must perform knowledge creation tasks while in motion, not just in static physical locations; therefore it is also required that knowledge construction activities be performed in ubiquitous scenarios, and supported by mobile and pervasive computational systems. These knowledge creation systems should help people in or outside organizations convert their tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge, thus supporting the knowledge construction process. Therefore in our understanding, we consider highly relevant that undergraduate university students learn about the knowledge construction process supported by mobile and ubiquitous computing. This has been a little explored issue in this field. This paper presents the design, implementation, and an evaluation of a system called MCKC for Mobile Collaborative Knowledge Construction, supporting collaborative face-to-face tacit knowledge construction and sharing in ubiquitous scenarios. The MCKC system can be used by undergraduate students to learn how to construct knowledge, allowing them anytime and anywhere to create, make explicit and share their knowledge with their co-learners, using visual metaphors, gestures and sketches to implement the human-computer interface of mobile devices (PDAs).
Inverse kinematic problem solved by new heuristic algorithm length relaxation method

The paper describes a new iteration heuristic algorithm for solving an inverse kinematic problem. The length relaxation method is based on cyclic iteration of a kinematic chain and systematic adaption of the distance between links. The length relaxation method is very easy to implement and ultimately extremely fast. The method also offers a numerically stable solution. The paper discusses the implementation of the algorithm with an example of a model solution on a simple kinematic chain. Besides, the paper makes a comparison of the algorithm properties with the most popular heuristic method for solving inverse kinematic problems, the CCD (Cyclic Coordinate Descent).
Massive black hole binary mergers within subparsec scale gas discs

We study the efficiency and dynamics of supermassive black hole binary mergers driven by angular momentum loss to small-scale gas discs. Such binaries form after major galaxy mergers, but their fate is unclear since hardening through stellar scattering becomes very inefficient at sub-parsec distances. Gas discs may dominate binary dynamics on these scales, and promote mergers. Using numerical simulations, we investigate the evolution of the semi-major axis and eccentricity of binaries embedded within geometrically thin gas discs. Our simulations directly resolve angular momentum transport within the disc, which at the radii of interest is likely dominated by disc self-gravity. We show that the binary decays at a rate which is in good agreement with analytical estimates, while the eccentricity grows. Saturation of eccentricity growth is not observed up to values e > � 0.35. Accretion onto the black holes is variable, and is roughly modulated by the binary orbital frequency. Scaling our results, we analytically estimate the maximum rate of binary decay that is possible without fragmentation occuring within the surrounding gas disc, and compare that rate to an estimate of the stellar dynamical hardening rate. For binary masses in the range 10 5 M⊙ < � M < � 10 8 M⊙ we find that decay due to gas discs may dominate for separations below a � 10 −2 pc 0.1 pc, in the regime where the disc is optically thick. The minimum merger time scale is shorter than the Hubble time for M < � 10 7 M⊙. This implies that gas discs could commonly attend relatively low mass black hole mergers, and that a significant population of binaries might exist at separations of a few hundredths of a pc, where the combined decay rate is slowest. For more massive binaries, where this mechanism fails to act quickly enough, we suggest that scattering of stars formed within a fragmenting gas disc could act as a significant additional sink of binary angular momentum.
Genome sequencing of higher plants is completed for the dicot and monocot model , Arabidopsis thaliana ( Arabidopsis

As a member of the Solanaceae Genomics Network International Tomato Sequencing Project, we launched on sequencing of the chromosome 8. Our task is to sequence the euchromatin region of the chromosome, the estimated size of which is 17 megabases. BAC-by-BAC strategy is adopted for sequencing. We initially received BAC clone candidates anchored to overgo probes developed from 33 markers mapped on chromosome 8. For confirmation of the BAC candidates, we analyzed the sequence of PCR product amplified from the BAC DNA with primers designed on the marker sequence. Twenty-five BAC clones were verified and subjected to shotgun sequencing. As of Nov. 2006, we finished 40 clones to Phase 3 (total non-redundant length 4,429,168 bases) of 25 are seed and 15 are extended clones. In order to find additional seed points, we performed PCR screening of markers against 3D DNA-pool of LE-HBa, SL-MboI and SL-EcoRI BAC libraries, and succeeded in obtaining 9 new seeds. We report the current status of our project and future perspectives toward the final goal, which include development of new microsatellite markers from tomato EST sequences and Selected BAC Mixture shotgun sequencing for the gap filling.
Gene expression profiling of non-small-cell lung cancer

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer worldwide. Despite recent advances in the management of resected lung cancer tumors (i.e., the use of adjuvant therapy) and more effective treatments in the metastatic setting (i.e., molecular targeted agents), the cure rate of lung cancer remains low. Successful molecular testing of lung cancer requires the identification and understanding of events that take place during the multistep tumorigenic process of lung cancer. As with other solid tumors, lung cancer is the result of the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations over a long course of exposure to a carcinogen, such as tobacco smoke. Discovering new prognostic or predictive biomarkers or developing new detection tools for lung cancer is one of the major areas of translational cancer research. However, given our current understanding of the multifactorial process of lung carcinogenesis and the heterogeneous nature of the disease, monitoring of one or a few genes is limited. A pangenomic analysis seems more efficient for deciphering the complexity of lung cancer. The prospect of identifying specific events in lung carcinogenesis is significantly brightened by the recent development of high-throughput gene expression analysis. Since 2000, several studies have reported on the molecular classification of human lung carcinomas on the basis of gene expression and have described numerous putative biological markers of cancer. At this time, improving the biological significance of microarray data appears to be an important challenge. The most recent studies propose refining molecular classification of non-small-cell lung cancer on the basis of mRNA expression profiles. Other studies described new prognostic biomarkers that will be useful for the therapeutic management of patient’s bearing lung cancer (non-small-cell lung cancer). The present review summarizes the main recent advances associated with gene expression analysis in the field of lung cancer and, notably, non-small-cell lung tumors.
Source-Target Inference Models for Spatial Instruction Understanding

Models that can execute natural language instructions for situated robotic tasks such as assembly and navigation have several useful applications in homes, offices, and remote scenarios.We study the semantics of spatially-referred configuration and arrangement instructions, based on the challenging Bisk-2016 blank-labeled block dataset. This task involves finding a source block and moving it to the target position (mentioned via a reference block and offset), where the blocks have no names or colors and are just referred to via spatial location features.We present novel models for the subtasks of source block classification and target position regression, based on joint-loss language and spatial-world representation learning, as well as CNN-based and dual attention models to compute the alignment between the world blocks and the instruction phrases. For target position prediction, we compare two inference approaches: annealed sampling via policy gradient versus expectation inference via supervised regression. Our models achieve the new state-of-the-art on this task, with an improvement of 47% on source block accuracy and 22% on target position distance.
Touring the Hagedorn ridge

We review aspects of the Hagedorn regime in critical string theories, from basic facts about the ideal gas approximation to the proposal of a global picture inspired by general ideas of holography. It was suggested that the condensation of thermal winding modes triggers a first-order phase transition. We propose, by an Euclidean analogue of the string/black hole correspondence principle, that the transition is actually related to a topology change in spacetime. Similar phase transitions induced by unstable winding modes can be studied in toy models. There, using T-duality of supersymmetric cycles, one can identify a topology change of the Gregory--Laflamme type, which we associate with large-N phase transitions of Yang--Mills theories on tori. This essay is dedicated to the memory of Ian Kogan.
On knot Floer homology in double branched covers

Let L be a link in an thickened annulus. We specify the embedding of this annulus in the three sphere, and consider its complement thought of as the axis to L. In the right circumstances this axis lifts to a null-homologous knot in the double branched cover of the three sphere, branched over the embedded copy of L. This paper shows that the knot Floer homology of this lift, with mod 2 coefficients, can be computed from a spectral sequence starting at a type of Khovanov homology already described by Asaeda, Przytycki, and Sikora. We extend the known results about this type of Khovanov homology, and use it to provide a very simple explanation of the case when L is alternating for the obvious projection.
Melatonin treatment combined with treadmill exercise accelerates muscular adaptation through early inhibition of CHOP‐mediated autophagy in the gastrocnemius of rats with intra‐articular collagenase‐induced knee laxity

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of melatonin intervention on gastrocnemius remodeling in rats with collagenase‐induced knee instability. Type VII collagenase was injected into the right knee to induce joint laxity with cartilage destruction. Melatonin (MT; 10 mg/kg) injection was performed twice daily subcutaneously, and treadmill exercise (Ex; 11 m/min) was conducted for 1 hr/day at a frequency of 5 days/wk for 4 wks. The gastrocnemius mass, which was reduced with collagenase injection only (Veh), was increased with collagenase injection with melatonin treatment with and without exercise in the early phase, and the mass in both limbs was significantly different in the Veh compared with the MT group. However, there was an increase in the relative muscle weight to body weight ratio in the Veh group at the advanced stage. Insulin‐like growth factor receptor (IGF‐IR) was downregulated in the Veh group, whereas IGF‐IR was upregulated in the MT and MT + Ex groups. Joint laxity induced enhancement of autophagic proteolysis (LC3 II) in the muscle, which was recovered to values similar to those in the normal control group (Con) compared with those in the MT and MT + Ex groups. Although intra‐articular collagenase increased the total C/EBP homology protein (CHOP) levels at 1 wk and decreased them at 4 wks in the Veh group, CHOP in the nucleus was upregulated continuously. Prolonged melatonin treatment with and without exercise intervention suppressed nuclear localization of ATF4 and CHOP with less activation of caspase‐3, at the advanced phase. Moreover, the interventions promoted the expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms under the control of myogenin. Concomitant with a beneficial effect of melatonin with and without exercise, step length of the saline‐injected limb and the collagenase‐injected supporting side was maintained at values similar to those in control rats. Taken together, the findings demonstrate that melatonin with and without exercise accelerate remodeling of the gastrocnemius through inhibition of nuclear CHOP in rats with collagenase‐induced knee instability.
Augmented Likelihood Image Reconstruction

The presence of high-density objects remains an open problem in medical CT imaging. Data of projections passing through objects of high density, such as metal implants, are dominated by noise and are highly affected by beam hardening and scatter. Reconstructed images become less diagnostically conclusive because of pronounced artifacts that manifest as dark and bright streaks. A new reconstruction algorithm is proposed with the aim to reduce these artifacts by incorporating information about shape and known attenuation coefficients of a metal implant. Image reconstruction is considered as a variational optimization problem. The afore-mentioned prior knowledge is introduced in terms of equality constraints. An augmented Lagrangian approach is adapted in order to minimize the associated log-likelihood function for transmission CT. During iterations, temporally appearing artifacts are reduced with a bilateral filter and new projection values are calculated, which are used later on for the reconstruction. A detailed evaluation in cooperation with radiologists is performed on software and hardware phantoms, as well as on clinically relevant patient data of subjects with various metal implants. Results show that the proposed reconstruction algorithm is able to outperform contemporary metal artifact reduction methods such as normalized metal artifact reduction.
A Pilot Study Measuring the Relative Legibility of Five Simplified Chinese Typefaces Using Psychophysical Methods

In-vehicle user interfaces increasingly rely on screens filled with digital text to display information to the driver. As these interfaces have the potential to increase the demands placed upon the driver, it is important to design them in a way that minimizes attention time to the device and thus keeps the driver focused on the road. Previous research has shown that even relatively subtle differences in the design of the on-screen typeface can influence to-device glance time in a measurable and meaningful way. Here we outline a methodology for rapidly and flexibly investigating the legibility of typefaces in glance-like contexts, and apply this method to a comparison of 5 Simplified Chinese typefaces. We find that the legibility of the typefaces, measured as the minimum presentation time needed to read character strings and respond to a yes/no lexical decision task, is sensitive to differences in the typeface's design characteristics. The most legible typeface under study could be read 33.1% faster than the least legible typeface in this glance-induced context. Benefits and limitations of the methodology are discussed.
Dexmedetomidine sedation in ICU

Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a highly selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, is the newest agent introduced for sedation in intensive care unit (ICU). The sedation strategy for critically ill patients has stressed light sedation with daily awakening and assessment for neurologic, cognitive, and respiratory functions, since Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) guidelines were presented in 2002. The traditional GABAergic agents, including benzodiazepines and propofol, have some limitations for safe sedatives in this setting, due to an unfavorable pharmacokinetic profile and to detrimental adverse effects (such as lorazepam associated propylene glycol intoxication and propofol infusion syndrome). DEX produces it's sedative, analgesic and cardiovascular effects through α2 receptors on the locus ceruleus (LC). Activities of LC, the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) are depressed and activity of the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) is increased during DEX sedation, which is similar in features to normal non-REM (NREM) sleep. At the same time, perifornical orexinergic activity is maintained, which might be associated with attention. This mechanism of action produces a normal sleep-like, cooperative sedation. The characteristic feature of sedation, together with a concomitant opioid sparing effect, may decrease the length of time spent on a ventilator, length of stay in ICU, and prevalence and duration of delirium, as the evidence shown from several comparative studies. In addition, DEX has an excellent safety profile. In conclusion, DEX is considered as a promising agent optimized for sedation in ICU.