Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distribution and stability of Aflatoxin M1 during processing and ripening of traditional white pickled cheese

The distribution of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) has been studied between curd, whey, cheese and pickle samples of Turkish white pickled cheese produced according to traditional techniques and its stability studied during the ripening period. Cheeses were produced in three cheese-making trials using raw milk that was artificially contaminated with AFM1 at the levels of 50, 250 and 750 ng/l and allowed to ripen for three months. AFM1 determinations were carried out at intervals by LC with fluorescence detection after immunoaffinity column clean-up. During the syneresis of the cheese a proportionately high concentration of AFM1 remained in curd and for each trial the level was 3.6, 3.8 and 4.0 times higher than levels in milk. At the end of the ripening, the distribution of AFM1 for cheese/whey + brine samples was 0.9, 1.0 and 1.3 for first, second and third spiking respectively indicating that nearly half of the AFM1 remained in cheese. It has been found that only 2–4% of the initial spiking of AFM1 transferred into the brine solution. During the ripening period AFM1 levels remained constant suggesting that AFM1 was quite stable during manufacturing and ripening.
Fair and Efficient Scheduling for Telemedicine Traffic Transmission over Wireless Cellular Networks

Telemedicine traffic transmission over wireless cellular networks has gained in importance during the last few years. Due to the fact that this type of traffic carries critical information regarding the patients' condition, it is vitally important that multimedia telemedicine traffic has highest transmission priority in comparison to all other types of traffic in the cellular network. However, the need for expedited and correct transmission of telemedicine traffic calls for a guaranteed bandwidth to telemedicine users. This creates a tradeoff between the satisfaction of the very strict quality of service requirements of telemedicine traffic and the loss of the guaranteed bandwidth in the numerous cases when it is left unused, due to the infrequent nature of telemedicine traffic. In this paper, we propose a fair scheduling mechanism for telemedicine traffic transmission over wireless cellular networks. The mechanism achieves high channel bandwidth utilization while offering full priority to telemedicine traffic.
Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Efficacy of Saquinavir/ Ritonavir 1,000/100 Mg Twice Daily as HIV Type-1 Therapy and Transmission Prophylaxis in Pregnancy

Background A saquinavir/ritonavir-containing regimen is one option for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV during pregnancy. We evaluated the pharmaco-kinetics, efficacy and safety of saquinavir/ritonavir 1,000/100 mg twice daily plus nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors in 13 women during late pregnancy and compared the results to those of 15 non-pregnant women. Methods Protease inhibitor plasma concentration profiles were assessed at 12 h using a standardized therapeutic drug monitoring procedure and measured by LC-MS/MS. Minimum and maximum concentrations (Cmin and Cmax), area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC0–12 h), and total clearance (CL total) were compared between the groups and correlated to demographic, physiological and clinical cofactors. Antiviral and immunological efficacy and safety were investigated. Results The geometric means (90% confidence interval [CI]) for saquinavir Cmin, Cmax and AUC0–12 h of pregnant versus non-pregnant women were 572 (437–717) versus 765 (485–1,052, P=0.064) ng/ml, 2,168 (1,594–2,807) versus 3,344 (2,429–4,350; P=0.045) ng/ml and 15,512 (11,657–19,943) versus 24,027 (17,454–31,548, P=0.029) ng•h/ml. The geometric means (90% CI) for ritonavir Cmin, Cmax and AUC0–12 h were 190 (148–234) versus 310 (240–381, P=0.011) ng/ml, 781 (580–999) versus 1,552 (1,127–2,007, P=0.004) ng/ml and 5,576 (4,303–7,006) versus 10,528 (8,131–13,177, P=0.003) ng•h/ml. Age, weight, saquinavir dose per weight and body mass index differed significantly; saquinavir Cmin and AUC0–12 h were correlated with ritonavir Cmin and saquinavir dose per weight. After a mean of 11 weeks treatment, 12 of 13 pregnant women had a viral load <400 copies/ml, which was similar to the results of non-pregnant women. Conclusions Although saquinavir plasma concentrations were significantly lower in pregnant women compared with non-pregnant women, all pregnant women displayed a saquinavir AUC0–12 h>10,000 ng•h/ml, 92.3% had a viral load <400 copies/ml at birth. Saquinavir was well tolerated by the mothers and all newborn children were HIV type-1 negative at 18 months of age.
Personal Transformation Through Volunteer Tourism: The Evidence of Asian Students

The purpose of this study is to explore the personal development and changes brought about by volunteer tourism among Asian students. This study adopts a qualitative inductive approach to collect data from semistructured interviews with 14 participants, an inductive content analysis to analyze the empirical data, and an interpretive paradigm to explain the results. The main finding of this study is that the participants’ volunteering experiences had certain influence on their academic development, daily life, careers, and choice of future tourism activities. Thirteen themes dealing with changes emerged and could be divided into four groups: (a) inner change, (b) change in view of life and the world, (c) change in learning attitude and future career direction, and (d) change in the choice of future tourism activities.
TRAINING LEADING TO REPETITION FAILURE ENHANCES BENCH PRESS STRENGTH GAINS IN ELITE JUNIOR ATHLETES

The purpose of this study was to investigate the importance of training leading to repetition failure in the performance of 2 different tests: 6 repetition maximum (6RM) bench press strength and 40-kg bench throw power in elite junior athletes. Subjects were 26 elite junior male basketball players (n = 12; age = 18.6 ± 0.3 years; height = 202.0 ± 11.6 cm; mass = 97.0 ± 12.9 kg; mean ± SD) and soccer players (n = 14; age = 17.4 ± 0.5 years; height = 179.0 ± 7.0 cm; mass = 75.0 ± 7.1 kg) with a history of greater than 6 months' strength training. Subjects were initially tested twice for 6RM bench press mass and 40-kg Smith machine bench throw power output (in watts) to establish retest reliability. Subjects then undertook bench press training with 3 sessions per week for 6 weeks, using equal volume programs (24 repetitions × 80–105% 6RM in 13 minutes 20 seconds). Subjects were assigned to one of two experimental groups designed either to elicit repetition failure with 4 sets of 6 repetitions every 260 seconds (RF4×6) or allow all repetitions to be completed with 8 sets of 3 repetitions every 113 seconds (NF8×3). The RF4×6 treatment elicited substantial increases in strength (7.3 ± 2.4 kg, 19.5%, p < 0.001) and power (40.8 ± 24.1 W, 110.6%, p < 0.001), while the NF8×3 group elicited 3.6 ± 3.0 kg (15.0%, p < 0.005) and 25 ± 19.0 W increases (16.8%, p < 0.001). The improvements in the RF4×6 group were greater than those in the repetition rest group for both strength (p < 0.005) and power (p < 0.05). Bench press training that leads to repetition failure induces greater strength gains than nonfailure training in the bench press exercise for elite junior team sport athletes.
POPPONENT: Highly accurate, individually and socially efficient opponent preference model in bilateral multi issue negotiations (Extended Abstract)

In automated bilateral multi issue negotiations, two intelligent automated agents negotiate on behalf of their owners over many issues in order to reach an agreement. Modeling the opponent can excessively boost the performance of the agents and increase the quality of the negotiation outcome. State of the art models accomplish this by considering some assumptions about the opponent which restricts their applicability in real scenarios. In this paper, a less restricted technique (POPPONENT) is proposed, where perceptron units are applied in modelling the preferences of the opponent. This model adopts a Multi Bipartite version of the Standard Gradient Descent search algorithm (MBGD) to find the best hypothesis, which is the best preference profile. In order to evaluate the accuracy and performance of this proposed opponent model, it is compared with the state of the art models available in the Genius repository and in the devised setting. The results approve the higher accuracy of POPPONENT compared to the most accurate state of the art model. Evaluating the model in the real world negotiation scenarios in the Genius framework also confirms its high accuracy in relation to the state of the art models in estimating the utility of offers. The findings here indicate that the proposed model is individually and socially efficient. The proposed MBGD method could also be adopted in similar practical areas of Artificial Intelligence.
The Fe/S Cluster Assembly Protein Isd11 Is Essential for tRNA Thiolation in Trypanosoma brucei*

Fe/S clusters are part of the active site of many enzymes and are essential for cell viability. In eukaryotes the cysteine desulfurase Nfs (IscS) donates the sulfur during Fe/S cluster assembly and was thought sufficient for this reaction. Moreover, Nfs is indispensable for tRNA thiolation, a modification generally required for tRNA function and protein synthesis. Recently, Isd11 was discovered as an integral part of the Nfs activity at an early step of Fe/S cluster assembly. Here we show, using a combination of genetic, molecular, and biochemical approaches, that Isd11, in line with its strong association with Nfs, is localized in the mitochondrion of T. brucei. In addition to its involvement in Fe/S assembly, Isd11 also partakes in both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNA thiolation, whereas Mtu1, another protein proposed to collaborate with Nfs in tRNA thiolation, is required for this process solely within the mitochondrion. Taken together these data place Isd11 at the center of these sulfur transactions and raises the possibility of a connection between Fe/S metabolism and protein synthesis, helping integrate two seemingly unrelated pathways.
Role of Descending Dopaminergic Pathways in Pain Modulation

Abstract: Pain, especially when chronic, is a common reason patients seek medical care and it affects the quality of life and well-being of the patients. Unfortunately, currently available therapies for chronic pain are often inadequate because the neu-robiological basis of such pain is still not fully understood. Although dopamine has been known as a neurotransmitter to mediate reward and motivation, accumulating evidence has shown that dopamine systems in the brain are also involved in the central regulation of chronic pain. Most importantly, descending dopaminergic pathways play an important role in pain mod-ulation. In this review, we discuss dopamine receptors, dopaminergic systems in the brain, and the role of descending dopa-minergic pathways in the modulation of different types of pain.
Validation of prehospital trauma triage criteria for motor vehicle collisions

BACKGROUND Triage of an injured patient to an appropriate trauma center can have an impact on morbidity and mortality. We sought to validate the 2012 national field triage guidelines for motor vehicle crashes. METHODS This is a retrospective cross-sectional study using the National Automotive Sampling System Crashworthiness Data System. Vehicle damage criteria proposed as prehospital triage guidelines were correlated with injury severity. RESULTS There were 85,761 individuals representing 29,397,234 occupants in car crashes from 2003 to 2008. Of the patients, 3.8% met physiologic Step 1 criteria with a mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 9.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], −3.1 to 20.9); Step 1 had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 20.8% (95% CI, 20.1–21.4%) for severe injury (ISS > 15). Of the patients, 0.43% met anatomic Step 2 criteria alone, with a mean ISS of 18.1 (95% CI, 16.4–19.8) and a PPV of 48.5% (95% CI, 46.8–50.1%). Step 3 criteria include injury mechanism; 3.7% of the patients met one of these criteria alone with a mean ISS of 5.1 (95% CI, 4.4–5.8) and a PPV of 9.7% (95% CI, 9.3–10.2%). Patients who met only Step 3 criteria were examined to determine crash characteristics that predict severe injury. Intrusion of greater than 12 inches had a PPV of 10.4% (95% CI, 9.5–11.3); steering wheel collapse had a PPV of 25.7% (95% CI, 23.0–28.4%). Older patients (age > 55 years) who met Step 3 mechanism criteria had higher predictive values for injury for nearly all crash characteristics. CONCLUSION Injury mechanism criteria alone predict significant injury in a substantial proportion of patients who did not meet the physiologic or anatomic criteria. Vehicular crash data could improve the ability of emergency medical service providers to triage injured occupants. Consideration of transport to a trauma center should be given for elderly patients and drivers with steering wheel collapse. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Epidemiologic study, level III.
Mental health: integrated network and family-oriented model for co-operation between mental health patients, adult mental health services and social services.

BACKGROUND Co-operation between mental health care units and the social services is important in the case of people with social problems who also suffer from mental health problems. However, participation of patients and their families in the treatment process, and co-operation between them and the professionals, are also important. Communication between the professionals, patients and their family members, and the professionals is a crucial factor for co-operation. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to elucidate the experiences and importance of co-operation for the patients. The data consisted of interviews with 22 mental health patients who were also clients of municipal social services. METHOD The grounded theory approach was used, focusing on the informants' experiences of the integrated network and family-oriented model for co-operation. RESULTS The findings indicate the importance of the participation of patients and their social networks in psychiatric care or the treatment process. Meetings should be characterized by open and reflexive discussions with all participants' points of view being included, so that fruitful co-operation is possible. However, some negative experiences were also reported, all of which were connected with the professionals' behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Trust and honesty are essential elements in relations between professionals and psychiatric patients, but it cannot be assumed that they will develop naturally. It is the professionals' responsibility to adjust their behaviour so that these elements can be created in a mutual process between patients and professionals. Multidisciplinary teams are a necessity in family-oriented co-operation between psychiatry and social services, and in a satisfactory caring process. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Nurses' work is often individually oriented and nurses are ruled by routines in their work. The mental health caring process should be seen as a shared process between the patient, his/her human environment and professionals for which nurses need skills to their interaction with patients and their social network.
Is the existence of property cycles consistent with the Efficient Market Hypothesis

A number of empirical studies have confirmed the existence of property cycles in various mature real estate markets. In this paper, we will see whether these results fit in with the existing relevant theories. The efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) is one of the cornerstones of the mainstream finance. In the context of the equity market, one of the generally accepted implications of the EMH is the future price of a security is unpredictable. The real estate market, by various empirical studies, has found to be weak form efficient. It is thus natural to infer that no property cycle exists as otherwise it would imply the predictability of property price and that is not consistent with EMH. This study, after reviewing the up-to-date literature, found the Efficient Market Hypothesis has taken on a new face; it is separated from the Random Walk Hypothesis (RWH). Due to its infallibility in empirical testing, it could well be recessed to the role of benchmarking the relative efficiency of the market. The apparent inconsistency between the existence of property cycles and EMH therefore disappears. The behavioural school of finance proclaims that market may not be efficient all the time and provides an explanation for this. Under this school of thought, the apparent conflict between the existence of property cycles and EMH again disappears.
Evaluation of genetic counseling among cystic fibrosis carriers, Michigan Newborn Screening

A quality improvement (QI) strategy to improve the rate of genetic counseling (GC) services was initiated in cystic fibrosis (CF) care Center E in 2010. This statewide study was conducted to determine: (1) GC rates before and after implementation of the QI strategy at Center E; (2) characteristics associated with not receiving GC; and (3) topic areas addressed during GC.
A practical, simple, and useful method of categorizing interictal EEG features in children

We introduce a simple scheme of categorizing interictal EEG in patients with pediatric epilepsy. Five patterns of EEG can be determined by using 2 interictal EEG domains: organization of the background activity and a morphology/topography of epileptiform discharges. These patterns relate to commonly recognized categories of pediatric epilepsy: familial epilepsies, genetic generalized epilepsies, self-limited epilepsies, epilepsies with encephalopathy, and focal structural epilepsies. Each group has distinguishable clinical presentations, inheritance patterns, and outcomes. This categorization may be a useful educational tool; it may also guide decisions about further testing and management.
Early Fibropapillomas in Hawaii and Occurrences in All Sea Turtle Species: the Panzootic, Associated Leeches Wide-Ranging on Sea Turtles, and Species of Study Leeches Should Be Identified

Greenblatt et al. (4) discussed when fibropapilloma (FP)-associated turtle herpesvirus (FPTHV) became established in Hawaiian populations of sea turtles without citing the earliest records of FPs in Hawaiian sea turtles (11). However, this was rather significant to their discussion since the records occurred only 10 years (from 1947 to 1952) (Fig. ​(Fig.1)1) after the first report in the Atlantic (9, 10) (Florida Keys, 1937) and thus suggested that FP was worldwide and not introduced into the Pacific (11), as their genetic data also would suggest.
History, geography and host use shape genomewide patterns of genetic variation in the redheaded pine sawfly (Neodiprion lecontei)

Divergent host use has long been suspected to drive population differentiation and speciation in plant‐feeding insects. Evaluating the contribution of divergent host use to genetic differentiation can be difficult, however, as dispersal limitation and population structure may also influence patterns of genetic variation. In this study, we use double‐digest restriction‐associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing to test the hypothesis that divergent host use contributes to genetic differentiation among populations of the redheaded pine sawfly (Neodiprion lecontei), a widespread pest that uses multiple Pinus hosts throughout its range in eastern North America. Because this species has a broad range and specializes on host plants known to have migrated extensively during the Pleistocene, we first assess overall genetic structure using model‐based and model‐free clustering methods and identify three geographically distinct genetic clusters. Next, using a composite‐likelihood approach based on the site frequency spectrum and a novel strategy for maximizing the utility of linked RAD markers, we infer the population topology and date divergence to the Pleistocene. Based on existing knowledge of Pinus refugia, estimated demographic parameters and patterns of diversity among sawfly populations, we propose a Pleistocene divergence scenario for N. lecontei. Finally, using Mantel and partial Mantel tests, we identify a significant relationship between genetic distance and geography in all clusters, and between genetic distance and host use in two of three clusters. Overall, our results indicate that Pleistocene isolation, dispersal limitation and ecological divergence all contribute to genomewide differentiation in this species and support the hypothesis that host use is a common driver of population divergence in host‐specialized insects.
Undiagnosed HIV Prevalence Among Adults and Adolescents in the United States at the End of 2006

Objectives:To describe adults/adolescents (age 13 years and older) living with undiagnosed HIV infection in the United States at the end of 2006. Methods:HIV prevalence and percentage undiagnosed were estimated from cumulative HIV incidence using an extended back-calculation model (using both HIV and AIDS data, the time of first diagnosis with HIV, and disease severity at diagnosis) and estimated cumulative deaths. Results:An estimated 1,106,400 adults/adolescents (95% confidence interval = 1,056,400-1,156,400) were living with HIV in the United States at the end of 2006; overall, 21.0% (232,700; 95% confidence interval = 221,200-244,200) were undiagnosed. Whites had the lowest percentage undiagnosed (18.8%) compared with Hispanics/Latinos (21.6%), blacks/African Americans (22.2%), American Indians/Alaska Natives (25.8%), and Asians/Pacific Islanders (29.5%; all P < 0.001). Persons with a behavioral risk of injection drug use (IDU) had the lowest percentage undiagnosed (female IDU: 13.7% and male IDU: 14.5%); men exposed through heterosexual contact had the highest (26.7%) followed by men who have sex with men (23.5%). Conclusions:Differences in undiagnosed HIV were evident across demographic and behavior groups. Effective testing programs and early access to treatment and prevention services are necessary to reduce undiagnosed HIV infections and HIV prevalence.
Phase III study comparing cisplatin plus fluorouracil to paclitaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced head and neck cancer.

PURPOSE To compare the antitumor activity and toxicity of the two induction chemotherapy treatments of paclitaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil (FU; PCF) versus standard cisplatin and FU (CF), both followed by chemoradiotherapy (CRT), in locally advanced head and neck cancer (HNC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligibility criteria included biopsy-proven, previously untreated, stage III or IV locally advanced HNC. Patients received either CF (cisplatin 100 mg/m2 on day 1 plus FU 1000 [corrected] mg/m2 continuous infusion on days 1 through 5) or PCF (paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 on day 1, cisplatin 100 mg/m2 on day 2, and FU 500 mg/m2 continuous infusion on days 2 through 6); both regimens were administered for three cycles every 21 days. Patients with complete response (CR) or partial response of greater than 80% in primary tumor received additional CRT (cisplatin 100 mg/m2 on days 1, 22, and 43 plus 70 Gy). RESULTS A total of 382 eligible patients were randomly assigned to CF (n = 193) or PCF (n = 189). The CR rate was 14% in the CF arm v 33% in the PCF arm (P < .001). Median time to treatment failure was 12 months in the CF arm compared with 20 months in the PCF arm (log-rank test, P = .006; Tarone-Ware, P = .003). PCF patients had a trend to longer overall survival (OS; 37 months in CF arm v 43 months in PCF arm; log-rank test, P = .06; Tarone-Ware, P = .03). This difference was more evident in patients with unresectable disease (OS: 26 months in CF arm v 36 months in PCF arm; log-rank test, P = .04; Tarone-Ware, P = .03). CF patients had a higher occurrence of grade 2 to 4 mucositis than PCF patients (53% v 16%, respectively; P < .001). CONCLUSION Induction chemotherapy with PCF was better tolerated and resulted in a higher CR rate than CF. However, new trials that compare induction chemotherapy plus CRT versus CRT alone are needed to better define the role of neoadjuvant treatment.