Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of subduction initiation with different evolutionary pathways

Changes of plate motion may have induced subduction initiation (SI), but the tectonic history of SI is different from one subduction zone to another. Izu‐Bonin‐Mariana (IBM) SI, accompanied by strong backarc spreading and voluminous eruption of Boninites, contrasts with the Aleutians which shows neither. Using finite element models, we explore visco‐elasto‐plastic parameters and driving boundary conditions for SI evolution. With an imposed velocity, we find three different evolutionary modes of SI: continuous without backarc spreading, continuous with backarc spreading and a segmented mode. With an increase in the coefficient of friction and a decrease in the rate of plastic weakening, the amount of convergence needed for SI increases from ∼20 to ∼220 km, while the mode changes from segmented to continuous with backarc spreading and eventually to continuous without backarc spreading. If the imposed velocity boundary condition is replaced with an imposed stress, the amount of convergence needed for SI is reduced and backarc spreading does not occur. These geodynamic models provide a basis for understanding the divergent geological pathways of SI. First, IBM evolution is consistent with subduction of an old strong plate with an imposed velocity which founders causing intense backarc spreading and Boninitic volcanism. Second, the New Hebrides SI is in the segmented mode due to its weak plate strength. Third, the Puysegur SI is in the continuous without backarc spreading mode with no associated volcanic activities. Fourth, the Aleutians SI has neither trench rollback nor backarc spreading because the slab is regulated by constant ridge‐push forces.
An Approach for Security Assessment of Network Configurations Using Attack Graph

With increasing network security threats, the network vulnerability must consider exploits in the context of multistage, multi-host attack scenarios. The general approach to this problem is to construct an attack graph for a given network configuration. An attack graph consists of a number of attack paths which are essentially series of exploits which an attacker employs to reach the destination. Each attack path depicts an attack scenario. As the number of attack scenarios increases, the overall security of the network reduces. Thus there is need for quantification of security level of a given network. In this paper, two security metrics, namely probabilistic security metric and attack resistance metric, have been employed to evaluate the relative security levels of various network configurations. A case study has been presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach.
Capital Adequacy, Cost Income Ratio and the Performance of Saudi Banks (2007-2011)

This paper examines the relationship between Capital adequacy and profitability. Necessary data were gathered from the financial statements of nine Saudi banks listed in the stock exchange market over the period of 2007-2011. The results of analyzing the data based on the implementation of linear regression technique reveals that there is a meaningful relationship between capital adequacy, cost-income ratio and bank size with profitability. Profitability represented in this study by the return on assets and return on equity has a negative relationship with capital adequacy. It was also found that Saudi banks efficiency as measured by the cost-income ratio is negatively related to bank profitability. The essence of capital adequacy enhances bank profitability and help in reducing the expected costs of financial distress, including bankruptcy.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Ga dopants for fabricating ultrashallow p-n junctions at 400°C

Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) of Ga on Si is performed in a commercial Si/SiGe epitaxial reactor at temperatures from 400 – 650 °C and conditions for which the Ga deposits selectivity on Si and the reactivity of the Ga with Si is so low that a thin-film deposition is achieved. Contact windows to c-Si are covered with a thin layer of Ga and contacted by sputtering Al/Si(1%). On the basis of an extensive electrical I–V characterization, it is concluded that the Ga gives a substantial doping of the Si at a temperature of 400°C and the resulting p-n junctions are near-ideal.
Comparison of the Success of Two Techniques for the Endotracheal Intubation with C-MAC Video Laryngoscope Miller Blade in Children: A Prospective Randomized Study

Background. Ease of endotracheal intubation with C-MAC video laryngoscope (VLS) with Miller blades 0 and 1 has not been evaluated in children. Methods. Sixty children weighing 3–15 kg with normal airway were randomly divided into two groups. Intubation was done with C-MAC VLS Miller blade using either nonstyletted endotracheal tube (ETT) (group WS) or styletted ETT (group S). The time for intubation and total procedure, intubation attempts, failed intubation, blade repositioning or external laryngeal maneuver, and complications were recorded. Results. The median (minimum/maximum) time for intubation in group WS and group S was 19.5 (9/48) seconds and 13.0 (18/55) seconds, respectively (p = 0.03). The median (minimum/maximum) time for procedure in group WS was 30.5 (18/72) seconds and in group S was 24.5 (14/67) seconds, respectively (p = 0.02). Intubation in first attempt was done in 28 children in group WS and in 30 children in group S. Repositioning was required in 14 children in group WS and in 7 children in group S (p = 0.06). There were no failure to intubate, desaturation, and bradycardia in both groups. Conclusion. Styletted ETT significantly reduces time for intubation and time for procedure in comparison to nonstyletted ETT.
An Information Filtering System Using Cognitive Brain Mapping

Information filtering systems, which are designed for users' needs, do not satisfy user's diverse requests as their filtering accuracy is unstable sometimes. This study suggests an information filtering system based on cognitive brain mapping by simulating the processes of information in human brain. Compared to traditional filtering systems, which use specific words or pattern in their filtering systems, the method suggested in this article uses both keywords and relationships among these words. The significance of this study is on simulating information storing processes in human brain by mapping both key words and their relationships among them together.
Ecological Changes in Coyotes (Canis latrans) in Response to the Ice Age Megafaunal Extinctions

Coyotes (Canis latrans) are an important species in human-inhabited areas. They control pests and are the apex predators in many ecosystems. Because of their importance it is imperative to understand how environmental change will affect this species. The end of the Pleistocene Ice Age brought with it many ecological changes for coyotes and here we statistically determine the changes that occurred in coyotes, when these changes occurred, and what the ecological consequences were of these changes. We examined the mandibles of three coyote populations: Pleistocene Rancho La Brean (13–29 Ka), earliest Holocene Rancho La Brean (8–10 Ka), and Recent from North America, using 2D geometric morphometrics to determine the morphological differences among them. Our results show that these three populations were morphologically distinct. The Pleistocene coyotes had an overall robust mandible with an increased shearing arcade and a decreased grinding arcade, adapted for carnivory and killing larger prey; whereas the modern populations show a gracile morphology with a tendency toward omnivory or grinding. The earliest Holocene populations are intermediate in morphology and smallest in size. These findings indicate that a niche shift occurred in coyotes at the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary – from a hunter of large prey to a small prey/more omnivorous animal. Species interactions between Canis were the most likely cause of this transition. This study shows that the Pleistocene extinction event affected species that did not go extinct as well as those that did.
Optimal sparse recovery for multi-sensor measurements

Many practical sensing applications involve multiple sensors simultaneously acquiring measurements of a single object. Conversely, most existing sparse recovery guarantees in compressed sensing concern only single-sensor acquisition scenarios. In this paper, we address the optimal recovery of compressible signals from multi-sensor measurements using compressed sensing techniques. This confirms the benefits of multi-over single-sensor environments in the sense of reducing the number of measurements required per sensor, and therefore, depending on the application, the total time, power or cost. Throughout the paper we consider a broad class of sensing matrices, and two fundamentally different sampling scenarios (distinct and identical respectively), both of which are relevant to applications. For the case of diagonal sensor profile matrices (which characterize environmental conditions between a source and the sensors), this paper presents two key improvements over existing results. First, a simpler optimal recovery guarantee for distinct sampling, and second, an improved recovery guarantee for identical sampling, based on the so-called sparsity in levels signal model.
Smart home web of objects-based IoT management model and methods for home data mining

Nowadays, much research in recent years has focused on IoT (Internet of Things). The home domain is the most important research area of IoT, because there expected accounts of home smart device for over 40 percent of connected device excepting mobile phone. Furthermore, enormous data is generated by home smart device. There is growing concern, but the previous works didn't address enough to manage and analyze home data. The purpose of this study is to describe and examine to manage the aggregated home IoT data based on SWO (Smart home Web of Objects), and SWO analytics platform. We shows the implementation of SWO analytics platform and a case study using real data from smart metering devices for analysis of appliance usage patterns.
Analysis of Oscillation Modes in Free-Running Ring Oscillators

An in-depth investigation of oscillation modes in ring oscillators is presented. The small-signal stability is initially considered, demonstrating that the poles associated with the dc regime are uniformly distributed on a circle on the complex plane, with increasing density for a higher number of stages. The existence of multiple pairs of poles on the right-hand side of the complex plane gives rise to different oscillation modes, related here to the eigenvectors of the circulant active-device immitance matrix. This paper shows that the stability properties of detected modes depend on both the order of appearance from dc regime, in a sequence of Hopf bifurcations, and the bifurcations undergone by each steady-state mode until reaching the final operation point, when changing a bias voltage, for instance. Thus, the stability analysis must combine a bifurcation analysis from dc regime and a bifurcation analysis of each individual oscillation mode in large-signal regime. The large-signal stability analysis presented shows the possible stabilization mechanisms, which lead to the common physical observation of some of these modes. The stabilization of the desired mode, using concepts from bifurcation theory, is also presented. All techniques have been successfully applied to a ring oscillator at 12.6 GHz.
Nonsmooth Regularization

The purpose of this paper is to present to the Inverse Problems community some recent results regarding \nonsmooth", \edge preserving" regularization methods. Emphasis is placed on the penalized least squares (Tikhonov) regularization approach with penalty functionals of total variation type, although other nonquadratic penalty functionals are brieey discussed.
Expressiveness of ADL and Golog: Functions Make a Difference

The main focus in the area of action languages, such as GOLOG, was put on expressive power, while the development in the area of action planning was focused on efficient plan generation. An integration of GOLOG and planning languages would provide great advantages. A user could constrain a system's behavior on a high level using GOLOG, while the actual low-level actions are planned by an efficient planning system. First endeavors have been made by Eyerich et al. by identifying a subset of the situation calculus (which is the basis of GOLOG) with the same expressiveness as the ADL fragment of PDDL. However, it was not proven that the identified restrictions define a maximum subset. The most severe restriction appears to be that functions are limited to constants, We will show that this restriction is indeed necessary in most cases.
AUTOMATION OF TIME TABLE GENERATION USING GENETIC ALGORITHM

Finding a feasible lecture/tutorial timetable in a large university department is a challenging problem faced continually in educational establishments. This paper presents an evolutionary algorithm (EA) based approach to solving a heavily constrained university timetabling problem. The approach uses a problem-specific chromosome representation. Heuristics and context-based reasoning have been used for obtaining feasible timetables in a reasonable computing time. An intelligent adaptive mutation scheme has been employed for speeding up the convergence. The comprehensive course timetabling system presented in this paper has been validated, tested and discussed using real world data from a large university.
Several models depicting the multi-dimensional relationship between professional development and improvements in student learning can be found in the literature (

This paper describes a conceptual framework co-constructed by international collaborators for a short course designed and delivered to participants in a development project in Pakistan. The purpose of the project was to support teacher educators in the development and management of effective and innovative pre and in-service teacher education programs. The conceptual framework of the course focused on three factors commonly found in the literature to influence the quality of professional development: (a) content; (b) process/structure; and, (c) context characteristics. Finally, this paper details the evaluation of this project using Guskey’s (2003) model of professional development evaluation, and discusses the need for this kind of evaluation to be an integral part of all international development projects.
Development of a Robot-Assisted Rehabilitation Therapy to train Hand Function for Activities of Daily Living

This paper presents the evaluation of a new two degree-of-freedom robotic interface, and the development of exercises to train movements and force control of wrist and hand. The Haptic Knob has two actuated parallelogram structures with a knob at the output, to interact with the fingers in a way to simulate grasping/releasing, in combination with pronation/supination movements of the forearm. Motivating game-like exercises have been designed according to a functional approach, where fundamental hand function required in activities of daily living (ADL) can be trained, while the device provides assistive or resistive forces. Preliminary testing has been performed with healthy subjects and three chronic stroke patients. Subjects found the exercises to be comfortable, and the robotic interface offers adequate range of motion and forces. A study with a group of chronic stroke patients will be conducted during the next months to determine the potential benefit of a therapy using our robotic equipment.
THE EVOLUTION OF SLOW DISPERSAL RATES : AREACTION DIFFUSION

We consider n phenotypes of a species in a continuous but heterogeneous environment. It is assumed that the phenotypes diier only in their diiusion rates. With haploid genetics and a small rate of mutation, it is shown that the only nontrivial equilibrium is a population dominated by the slowest diiusing phenotype. We also prove that if there are only two possible phenotypes, then this equilibrium is a global attractor and conjecture that this is true in general. Numerical simulations supporting this conjecture and suggesting that this is a robust phenomenon are also discussed.
An alternative interpretation of the discontinuity in earnings distributions

We show that the asymmetric effects of income taxes and special items for profit and loss firms contribute to a discontinuity at zero in the distribution of earnings. Income taxes draw profit observations towards zero while negative special items pull loss observations away from zero. These earnings components are thus expected to contribute to a discontinuity even in the absence of discretion. We show our results are not an artifact of deflation and that other common components of earnings do not have similar effects on the earnings distribution around zero.
GVR DELIVERS IT ON TIME

Genetic Vehicle Representation (GVR) is a new two-level representational scheme designed to encode all the information required by potential solutions for the vehicle routing problem. In a previous paper we described a set of experiments performed with several instances from the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP). In this preliminary investigation, GVR proved to be both effective and robust. In this work we extend the application of this new genetic representation to the vehicle routing problem with time windows, a variant that adds additional time constraints to the original definition. We present the results of a comprehensive set of tests that show that GVR is also efficient with this alternative, allowing the evolutionary computation algorithm to reach optimal solutions for some well know benchmarks.
Collaborating to integrate curriculum in primary care medical education: successes and challenges from three US medical schools.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Traditional medical school department-based clerkship structures can lead to redundancy and/or gaps in curriculum, inefficient administrative systems, and academic isolation for clerkship directors. This paper describes the approaches, successes, and challenges three institutions experienced when implementing an interdepartmental collaboration to create an integrated primary care clerkship experience. METHODS Each school combined family medicine, ambulatory pediatrics, and ambulatory medicine into contiguous clerkship blocks. In all institutions, each clerkship maintained certain distinct features while the integrated aspects contained longitudinal curriculum of certain primary care topics. RESULTS Evaluations by students demonstrated favorable responses to the new content and integrated methods of teaching, as did results of the Association of American Medical Colleges graduation survey. Faculty at each institution reported that their multidisciplinary approach has stimulated important educational collaborations, many of which require an economy of scale not often achievable within a single clerkship. These included innovative evaluation/documentation efforts; centralization of administrative tasks; enhanced recruitment, retention, and development of community-based faculty; an increase in the active core group of local and national primary care leaders; and an increase in scholarly activities. The collaborations have not occurred without challenges, primarily in the need for identifying sustainable resources for these and future collaborative educational endeavors. CONCLUSIONS The benefits involved in developing an integrated primary care experience include expansion of curriculum content and methods, as well as enhancement of collegial support and resources to community-based and academic faculty. These integrations do, however, bring added challenges, time, and costs to traditional independent clerkships.
Ring-Like Distribution of Constitutive Heterochromatin in Bovine Senescent Cells

Background Cells that reach “Hayflick limit” of proliferation, known as senescent cells, possess a particular type of nuclear architecture. Human senescent cells are characterized by the presence of highly condensed senescent associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF) that can be detected both by immunostaining for histone H3 three-methylated at lysine 9 (H3K9me3) and by DAPI counterstaining. Methods We have studied nuclear architecture in bovine senescent cells using a combination of immunofluorescence and 3D fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH). Results Analysis of heterochromatin distribution in bovine senescent cells using fluorescent in situ hybridization for pericentric chromosomal regions, immunostaining of H3K9me3, centromeric proteins CENP A/B and DNA methylation showed a lower level of heterochromatin condensation as compared to young cells. No SAHF foci were observed. Instead, we observed fibrous ring-like or ribbon-like heterochromatin patterns that were undetectable with DAPI counterstaining. These heterochromatin fibers were associated with nucleoli. Conclusions Constitutive heterochromatin in bovine senescent cells is organized in ring-like structures.
Fourier Domain Speech Enhancement by Constrained Optimization and Temporal Masking

A speech enhancement algorithm is proposed that exploits the masking properties of the human auditory system. A clean speech estimator is derived in such a way that both the signal distortion and residual noise are kept inaudible. Temporal as well as simultaneous masking effects are incorporated in estimation of the masking thresholds. The proposed speech enhancement algorithm is evaluated by log spectral distortion and ITU PESQ scores. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method out-performs a former psychoacoustically motivated speech enhancement algorithm
Flux-limited solutions for quasi-convex Hamilton-Jacobi equations on networks

We study Hamilton-Jacobi equations on networks in the case where Hamiltonians are quasi-convex with respect to the gradient variable and can be discontinuous with respect to the space variable at vertices. First, we prove that imposing a general vertex condition is equivalent to imposing a specific one which only depends on Hamiltonians and an additional free parameter, the flux limiter. Second, a general method for proving comparison principles is introduced. This method consists in constructing a vertex test function to be used in the doubling variable approach. With such a theory and such a method in hand, we present various applications, among which a very general existence and uniqueness result for quasi-convex Hamilton-Jacobi equations on networks.
Proposals for a normalized representation of Standard Arabic full form lexica

Standardized lexical resources are an important prerequisite for the development of robust and wide coverage natural language processing application. Therefore, we applied the Lexical Markup Framework, a recent ISO initiative towards standards for designing, implementing and representing lexical resources, on a test bed of data for an Arabic full form lexicon. Besides minor structural accommodation that would be needed in order to take into account the traditional root-based organization of Arabic dictionaries, the LMF proposal appeared to be suitable to our purpose, especially because of the separate management of the hierarchical data structure (LMF core model) and elementary linguistic descriptors (data categories)
Monetary Policy and Lexicographic Preference Ordering

In this Paper we argue that the objectives given to the European Central Bank in the Maastricht Treaty are not well represented by the widely used weighted sum of squared deviations of inflation and output from target (plus possibly terms in squared changes in interest rates to pick up interest rate smoothing). Instead the stated lexicographic ordering should be taken at face value and its implications explored fully. We set out a number of models that do this, and comment on their implications.