Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SWISH: SWI-Prolog for Sharing

Recently, we see a new type of interfaces for programmers based on web technology. For example, JSFiddle, IPython Notebook and R-studio. Web technology enables cloud-based solutions, embedding in tutorial web pages, attractive rendering of results, web-scale cooperative development, etc. This article describes SWISH, a web front-end for Prolog. A public website exposes SWIProlog using SWISH, which is used to run small Prolog programs for demonstration, experimentation and education. We connected SWISH to the ClioPatria semantic web toolkit, where it allows for collaborative development of programs and queries related to a dataset as well as performing maintenance tasks on the running server and we embedded SWISH in the Learn Prolog Now! online Prolog book.
Activity Pattern of Urban Adult Students in an Eastern Mediterranean Society

Knowledge of human activity patterns is needed in air pollution exposure and health risk assessment. However, human activity patterns have never been evaluated in the Eastern Mediterranean societies. Therefore, we investigated the activity pattern of 285 subjects (17–63 years) in Amman, Jordan during October to November, 2015. The subjects spent >80% of their time indoors during weekend days and >85% on workdays. They spent ~4.8% and ~5.7% in transportation during weekend days and workdays, respectively. Males had a different activity pattern than females on weekend days, but both genders had similar activity patterns on workdays. On workdays, males spent less time indoors than females. The activity pattern found in this study is a bit different than that for North Americans and Europeans, who spend more time indoors and in transit. The activity pattern found in this study was very different than that observed for Koreans, who spent about 59% and 67% indoors on workdays and weekend, respectively. The main outcomes of this survey can be utilized in human exposure studies. This study and the upcoming future studies have been encouraged and supported by the regional WHO office in Amman.
Comment On: Valette et al. Melanocortin-4 Receptor Mutations and Polymorphisms Do Not Affect Weight Loss after Bariatric Surgery. PLOS ONE 2012; 7(11):E48221

1 Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, 2 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, Nord, France, 3 Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Landesspital, Vaduz, Liechtenstein, 5 University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland, 6 Department of Surgery, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
Stability of Networks with Age-Based Scheduling

Aged based scheduling policies, as proposed for network routers or links, give priority to packets belonging to connections having sent a smaller volume of data. Examples of such policies are least attained service (LAS) and multi-level processor sharing (MLPS). These policies have been shown to be efficient in the context of an isolated queue when the distribution of connection sizes has a large variance or a decreasing failure rate. This is the case of Internet connections. The motivation to use such policies is to reduce the mean transfer times for connections, to reduce the number of ongoing connections, and to give precedence to interactive transactions for which users have higher expectation. However it has been argued recently that these policies may lead to network instabilities: the network may become unstable although the average load offered to each resource is smaller than one. In this paper we introduce a packet level model in contrast to flow level models used recently to model resource sharing policies in networks. We extend and generalize former stability properties in queueing networks where priority decreases. These results are used to obtain stability conditions for aged-based policies in data networks. We compare our conclusions with those obtained with flow level models and explain the differences obtained.
From CAD to geons: a simplified data representation for rapid indexing of large CAD models database

Automated inspection of manufactured parts is a challenging problem and a crucial issue for any production process. When concerned with dimensional tolerancing, CAD models are a highly desirable reference, as they describe precisely the parts under inspection. However, the time needed to identify the right model in a large CAD database is far too long for on-line inspection because of the huge amount of data to be analyzed. In this paper, we propose to use a vision-based representation for the parts which is much less accurate than CAD descriptions, but offers very low storage requirements, thus speeding up the identification stage. We discuss the inspection system proposed and report our preliminary results in converting CAD models to their simplified representation.
Designing in sensitive settings: workshops to design a technology to commemorate black saturday

There is growing interest in the design of interactive technologies in sensitive settings. In designing for people in these settings it is likely researchers and designers will hear people discuss deeply personal and potentially emotional topics. We have completed design workshops with survivors of the 2009 Black Saturday bushfires in Victoria. Participants were asked to come up with design ideas for technology concepts to be used for commemorating the bushfires, and also provide feedback on prototypes we created using tablet computers. Our findings indicate that peer groups, mediated with a traditional craft activity provided a setting for participants to discuss emotional topics amongst supportive and similarly affected peers in the design workshops. We conclude with considerations germane to these types of workshops in sensitive settings.
First VLBI observations of methanol maser polarisation, in G339.88-1.26

Aims. We investigate class II methanol masers and the environment in which they form with the Long Baseline Array (LBA). Methods. Using full polarisation VLBI, we were able to measure the magnetic field directions so as to distinguish between the two main models of the environment in which methanol masers form: disks or shocks. Results. We present polarised images of the methanol maser source G339.88-1.26, made with the LBA at 6.7-GHz. With these first polarisation maps made with the LBA, which successfully reproduce observations with the ATCA confirming the new AIPS code, a new technique for Southern VLBI is opened. The magnetic field directions found are inconstant with methanol masers arising in disks for the majority of the emission.
Liver tissue classification for ultrasound images

This paper describes a medical condition of liver called steatosis in which healthy liver cells are replaced by triglyceride fat. It impairs the normal functioning of the liver. A classification method is implemented that can quantitatively sort the ultrasound liver images into normal or fatty liver by studying the pathological modification caused at tissue level. The novelty of the method is that it uses a combination of seven different texture analysis models for extracting features. Then, two-fold feature selection methods (Fisher's Discrimination Ratio and Pearsons Correlation Coefficient) remove the redundancy and highly correlated features. This further reduced the dataset into only five features. Naive Bayes classifier is trained using only these five features and provides an overall accuracy of 92.3% with 100% sensitivity.
Is there a Convergent Structure of Science? A Comparison of Maps using the ISI and Scopus Databases

This article compares two maps of science that are built from different, but highly representative sets of the world-wide scientific literature. The analysis in this article extends existing work in this area in three major ways. First, we provide quantitative comparisons of the ISI and Scopus databases for 15 areas of science. Second, we illustrate how these differences have an impact on the resultant map of science. Third, we argue that these differences do not affect the fundamental shape and structure of science; the differences create local differentiation and improve our understanding of local relationships. We conclude with a discussion about the value of generating a convergent map of science.
Examining the Testing Effect in an Introductory Psychology Course

ii Acknowledgments. iii List of Tables . vii List of Figures . viii List of Abbreviations . ix Introduction . 1 Theoretical Underpinnings of the Present Research . 5 Historical Perspectives on Testing: Twentieth Century Research . 6 Conclusions from Historical Perspectives . 10 Modern Perspectives on Testing: Twentieth-first Century Research . 11 Conclusions from Modern Perspectives . 17 Overview of the Present Research . 19 Hypotheses for the Present Research . 21 Additional Considerations Regarding the Present Research . 22 General Methodology . 25 Course Specifics . 25 Participants . 25 Materials . 26 Procedure . 34
Anomaly traceback using software defined networking

While the threats in Internet are still increasing and evolving (like intra multi-tenant data center attacks), protection and detection mechanisms are not fully accurate. Therefore, forensics is vital for recovering from an attack but also to identify the responsible entities. Therefore, this paper focuses on tracing back to the sources of an anomaly in the network. In this paper, we propose a method leveraging the Software Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm to passively identify switches composing the network path of an anomaly. As SDN technologies tend to be deployed in the next generation of networks including in data centers, they provide a helpful framework to implement our proposal without developing dedicated routers like usual IP traceback techniques. We evaluated our scheme with different network topologies (Internet and data centers) by considering distributed attacks with numerous hosts.
Cascade-correlation as a model of representational redescription

How does knowledge come to be manipulable and flexible, and transferable to other tasks? These are issues which remain largely untackled in connectionist cognitive modelling. The Representational Redescription Hypothesis (RRH) (Karmiloff-Smith, 1992b) presents a framework for the emergence of abstract, higher-order knowledge, based on empirical work from developmental psychology. The RRH claims that during learning/development initiallyimplicit knowledge is rendered progressively more explicit via the reiterated action of the redescription process, resulting in a hierarchy of increasingly explicit and accessible representations. This thesis focuses on investigating in practice claims made for connectionism as a model of redescription (e.g., Clark and Karmiloff-Smith (1993)) and on applying methods from recent work in developmental connectionism to the construction of a computational model of RR. The modelling effort centres on a constructive incremental architecture — cascade-correlation (CC) (Fahlman & Lebiere, 1990) — which produces a conservative hierarchy of increasingly high-level representations as the RRH proposes. Two main models are presented. The first is designed to capture a feature of children’s comprehension of the French article system (Karmiloff-Smith, 1979a). Redescriptive effects are seen here in the changing functional status of article representations as well as in symptomatic behavioural errors. Resource-phasing was also applied to two important internal parameters of CC. The second model aims to capture the effects of redescription on sequence learning. Recurrent CC was trained to count, and to give and compare the cardinalities of small series of stimuli. Accessibility of representations was assessed here through task transfer. Despite some success in capturing transfer, a short complementary study of structural transfer between networks learning formal grammars suggested that positive transfer in CC depends on perceptual similarity as in other supervised connectionist schemes. The models also address constraints on RR such as the timing and triggering of redescription and the ordering of representational formats. A brief comparative study of skeletonisation is also presented. Submitted for the degree of D. Phil. University of Sussex
Simple PCPs with poly-log rate and query complexity

We give constructions of probabilistically checkable proofs (PCPs) of length n . poly(log n) (to prove satisfiability of circuits of size n) that can verified by querying poly(log n) bits of the proof. We also give constructions of locally testable codes (LTCs) with similar parameters.Previous constructions of short PCPs (from [5]to [9]) relied extensively on properties of low degree multi-variate polynomials. In contrast, our constructions rely on new problems and techniques revolving around the properties of codes based on high degree polynomials in one variable (also known as Reed-Solomon codes). We show how to convert the problem of verifying the satisfaction of a circuit by a given assignment to the task of verifying that a given function is close to being a Reed-Solomon codeword, i.e., a univariate polynomial of specified degree. This reduction is simpler than the corresponding steps in previous reductions, and gives a new alternative to using the popular "sum-check protocol". We then give a new PCP for the special task of proving that a function is close to being a Reed-Solomon codeword. This step of the construction is by a self-contained recursion, and the only ingredient needed in the analysis is the bi-variate low-degree test of Polischuk and Spielman[27]. Note that our constructions yield LTCs first, which are then converted to PCPs. In contrast, most recent constructions go in the opposite (and less natural) direction of getting LTCs from PCPs.
The clinical significance and management of lesion motion due to respiration during PET/CT scanning

Abstract Lesion movement during positron emission tomography (PET) scan acquisition due to normal respiration is a common source of artefact. A PET scan is acquired in multiple couch positions of between 2 and 5 min duration with the patient breathing freely. A PET-avid lesion will become blurred if affected by respiratory motion, an effect similar to that created when a person moves in a photograph. This motion also frequently causes misregistration between the PET and computed tomography (CT) scan acquired for attenuation correction and anatomical correlation on hybrid scanners. The compounding effects of blurring and misregistration in whole-body PET/CT imaging make accurate characterization of PET-avid disease in areas of high respiratory motion challenging. There is also increasing interest in using PET quantitatively to assess disease response in both clinical reporting and trials. However, at this stage, no response criteria take the effect of respiratory motion into account when calculating the standardized uptake value on a PET scan. A number of different approaches have been described in the literature to address the issue of respiratory motion in PET/CT scanning. This review details the clinical significance of lesion movement due to respiration and discusses various imaging techniques that have been investigated to manage the effects of respiratory motion in PET/CT scanning.
A ug 2 00 1 X-ray Spectral Variability and Rapid Variability of the Soft X-ray Spectrum Seyfert 1 Galaxies Akn

The bright, soft X-ray spectrum Seyfert 1 galaxies Akn 564 and Ton S180 were monitored for 35 days and 12 days respectively with ASCA and RXTE (and EUVE for Ton S180). These represent the most intensive X-ray monitoring of any such soft spectrum Seyfert 1 to date. Light curves were constructed for Ton S180 in six bands spanning 0.1–10 keV and for Akn 564 in five bands spanning 0.7–10 keV. The short time scale (hours–days) variability patterns were very similar across energy bands, with no evidence of lags between any of the energy bands studied. The fractional variability amplitude was almost independent of energy band, unlike hard spectrum Seyfert 1s, which show stronger variations in the softer bands. It is difficult to simultaneously explain soft Seyferts stronger variability, softer spectra, and weaker energy-dependence of the variability relative to hard Seyferts. There was a trend for soft and hard band light curves of both objects to diverge on the longest time scales probed (∼weeks), with the hardness ratio showing a secular change throughout the observations. This is consistent with the fluctuation power density spectra that showed relatively greater power on long time scales in the softest bands. The simplest explanation of all of these is that two continuum emission components are visible in the X-rays: a relatively hard, rapidly-variable component that dominates the total spectrum and a slowly-variable soft excess that only shows up in the lowest energy channels of ASCA. Although it would be natural to identify the latter component with an accretion disk and the former with a corona surrounding it, a standard thin disk Astronomy Department; University of California; Los Angeles, CA 90095-1562; USA X-ray Astronomy Group; Leicester University; Leicester LE1 7RH; United Kingdom Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics; Code 660; NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt, MD 20771; USA Joint Center for Astrophysics; Physics Department; University of Maryland Baltimore County; 1000 Hilltop Circle; Baltimore, MD 21250; USA Institute of Astronomy; Madingley Road; Cambridge CB3 0HA; United Kingdom Center for Space Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Ave.; NE80; Cambridge, MA 02139; USA
In vivo enhancement of tumor radioresponse by C225 antiepidermal growth factor receptor antibody.

Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been correlated with tumor resistance to cytotoxic agents, including radiation (T. Akimoto et al., Clin. Cancer Res., 5: 2884-2890, 1999), and thus is a candidate target for anticancer treatment. This study investigated whether treatment with C225 anti-EGFR antibody would improve tumor response to radiotherapy. Nude mice bearing 8-mm-diameter A431 tumor xenografts in the hind leg were treated with C225 antibody, 18 Gy of single-dose local tumor irradiation, or both. C225 was given i.p. at a dose of 1 mg/mouse 6 h before irradiation or 6 h before and 3 and 6 days after irradiation. Delay in tumor growth was the treatment end point. C225 dramatically improved the efficacy of local tumor irradiation, particularly when multiple injections of C225 were administered. Tumor radioresponse was enhanced by a factor of 1.59 by a single dose and by a factor of 3.62 by a doses of C225. Histological analyses of tumors revealed that C225 caused a striking increase in central tumor necrosis associated with hemorrhage and vascular thrombosis when combined with radiotherapy. In addition, C225 induced heavy tumor infiltration with granulocytes, increased tumor cell terminal differentiation, and inhibited tumor angiogenesis. We conclude that C225 anti-EGFR antibody enhances tumor radioresponse by multiple mechanisms that may involve direct and indirect actions on tumor cell survival.
Degenerate Time-dependent Lagrangians of Second Order: the Fourth Order Diierential Equation Problem

We develop a constraint algorithm for degenerate time-dependent Lagrangians of second order and solve the so-called fourth order diierential equation problem. The study is inspired in the Gotay and Nester constraint algorithm and the notion of intermediate spaces introduced by Grr acia, Pons and Romm an-Roy.
Molecular Targets in Melanoma from Angiogenesis to Apoptosis

Angiogenesis is a hallmark of melanoma progression. Antiangiogenic agents have been infrequently tested in patients with advanced melanoma. Experience with most other cancers suggests that single-agent application of angiogenic inhibitors is unlikely to have substantial clinical antitumor activity in melanoma. It is more likely that combinations of antiangiogenic agents with either chemotherapy or other targeted therapy will be needed to produce significant clinical benefit. In melanoma, numerous cellular pathways important to cell proliferation, apoptosis, or metastases have recently been shown to be activated. Activation occurs through specific mutations (B-RAF, N-RAS, and PTEN) or changes in expression levels of various proteins (PTEN, BCL-2, NF-κB, CDK2, and cyclin D1). Agents that block these pathways are rapidly entering the clinical setting, including RAF inhibitors (sorafenib), mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors (PD0325901), mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (CCI-779), and farnesyl transferase inhibitors (R115777) that inhibit N-RAS and proteasome inhibitors (PS-341) that block activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). It will be a challenge to evaluate these agents alone, in combination with each other, or with chemotherapy in patients with melanoma. Trials with large populations of biologically ill-defined tumors run the risk of missing clinical antitumor activity that is important for a particular yet-to-be-defined subset of patients. To rationally and optimally develop these targeted agents, it will be critical to adequately test for the presence of the presumed cellular target in tumor specimens and the effect of therapy on the proposed target (biological response). Investigators in this field will need to carefully plan these trials so that at the end of the day, we learn from both the failures and successes of targeted therapy.
Absolute return predicts volatility better based on the research of China Stock Market

Volatility forecasting is core to many risk management problems. We show that the empirical results complement the theoretical analysis suggested before. We start from a continuous time stochastic volatility model for asset returns suggested by Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard (2001) and study the persistence and linear regression properties. We find that RAV is the most preferred regressor to predict future increments at different prediction horizons.
On Two-Distillable Werner States

We consider bipartite mixed states ρ in a d ⊗ d quantum system. We say that ρ is PPT if its partial transpose 1⊗ T(ρ) is positive semidefinite, and otherwise ρ is NPT. The well-known Werner states are divided into three types: (a) the separable states (the same as the PPT states); (b) the one-distillable states (necessarily NPT); and (c) the NPT states which are not one-distillable. We give several different formulations and provide further evidence for the validity of the conjecture that Werner states of type (c) are not two-distillable.
A Parallel Decimal Multiplier Using Hybrid Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) Codes

A parallel decimal multiplier is proposed in this paper to improve performance by mainly exploiting the properties of three different binary coded decimal (BCD) codes, namely the redundant BCD excess-3 code (XS-3), the overloaded decimal digit set (ODDS) code and BCD-4221/5211 code, hence this design is referred to as hybrid. The signed-digit radix-10 recoding with the digit set {-5, 5} and the redundant BCD excess-3 (XS-3) representations are used for partial product (PP) generation. In this paper, a new decimal partial product reduction (PPR) tree is proposed, it consists of a binary PPR tree block, a nonfixed size BCD-4221 counter correction block and a BCD-4221/5211 decimal PPR tree block. Analysis and comparison using the logical effort model and 45 nm technology show that the proposed decimal multiplier is faster compared with previous designs found in the technical literature.