Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A framework for children's participation in online environments

Tuukkanen, Terhi A Framework for Children’s Participation in Online Environments Jyvaskyla: University of Jyvaskyla, 2014, 91 p. (Jyvaskyla Studies in Education, Psychology and Social Research ISSN 0075-4625; 510) ISBN 978-951-39-5935-7 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-5936-4 (PDF) Online environments are an essential part of children’s everyday lives today. The purpose of this study is to increase parents’, teachers’, educators’ and decision-makers’ knowledge about children’s use of online environments and the opportunities and risks in them. The objective of the study is to develop a framework for children’s online participation by exploring different dimensions of children’s participation in online environments. These dimensions are the reasons, practices and perceived effects of children’s online participation. The study is multidisciplinary in nature and its basis is in social childhood studies. The empirical part of the study was conducted in 2010–2012 in Finland. The study was conducted in four phases. The first research question, “what are the reasons for children’s participation? ”, was answered by exploring the online discussion of the members of the Finnish Children’s Parliament. Altogether 61 children participated in the discussion, with 566 postings. The second research question, “what are the practices of children’s online participation? ”, was answered by conducting a survey which had 126 participants. Moreover, a deeper understanding of the practices was achieved by conducting interviews with 21 children aged 11 to 15. The third research question, “what are the perceived effects of children’s online participation? ”, was answered by conducting and analyzing interviews with 13 children aged 11 to 13, and with 7 parents and 7 teachers. Content analysis was used as an analysis method. According to the results of the study, children participate in online environments mainly to socialize with others. In the online discussion, the members of the Finnish Children’s Parliament also showed a willingness to participate in and influence global issues, such as children’s well-being in poor countries. In virtual worlds, children play, create virtual persona, communicate with others, perform commercial activities, express themselves, participate in community activities and organize activities. Children, parents and teachers perceived many positive and negative effects in online environments that can be seen as opportunities and risks. The perceived effects included learning and socialization, a sense of community and empowerment, antisocial behavior and the threat to security.
GEOCLIM reloaded (v 1.0): a new coupled earth system model for past climate change

Abstract. We present a new version of the coupled Earth system model GEOCLIM. The new release, GEOCLIM reloaded (v 1.0), links the existing atmosphere and weathering modules to a novel, temporally and spatially resolved model of the global ocean circulation, which provides a physical framework for a mechanistic description of the marine biogeochemical dynamics of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and oxygen. The ocean model is also coupled to a fully formulated, vertically resolved diagenetic model. GEOCLIM reloaded is thus a unique tool to investigate the short- and long-term feedbacks between climatic conditions, continental inputs, ocean biogeochemical dynamics and diagenesis. A complete and detailed description of the resulting Earth system model and its new features is first provided. The performance of GEOCLIM reloaded is then evaluated by comparing steady-state simulation under present-day conditions with a comprehensive set of oceanic data and existing global estimates of bio-element cycling in the pelagic and benthic compartments.
Effects of intracuff alkalinized lignocaine, dexamethasone, or normal saline on endotracheal tube-induced emergence phenomena: A randomized double-blinded study

Context: During endotracheal intubation, as we aim for smooth induction, smooth extubation is also mandatory. During extubation, coughing, sore throat, hoarseness, and laryngospasm are not desired and have to be prevented. Aims: The aim of the study is to study the effects of inflating the endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff with alkalinized lignocaine (Group L) or dexamethasone (Group D) or saline (Group S) on the emergence phenomena of endotracheal extubation. Settings and Design: Tertiary hospital, randomized double-blinded prospective study. Subjects and Methods: A total of 90 patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allotted into three groups, 30 in each group. After endotracheal intubation, the tube cuff was inflated with alkalinized lignocaine (Group L) or dexamethasone (Group D) or saline (Group S) as per the randomization sequence. At emergence and 1 h after surgery for hemodynamic indices and incidence of postextubation, sore throat, cough, hoarseness, and laryngospasm were assessed. Results: With respect to cough and sore throat, Group L and Group D were significantly better than Group S but the hoarseness was the worst in Group D. Conclusions: Inflating the ETT cuff with alkalinized lignocaine or dexamethasone helped in preventing sore throat and cough to a better extent than saline, the hoarseness, however, being the worst in dexamethasone group.
Cross-cultural differences in item and background memory: examining the influence of emotional intensity and scene congruency

ABSTRACT After viewing a scene, individuals differ in what they prioritise and remember. Culture may be one factor that influences scene memory, as Westerners have been shown to be more item-focused than Easterners (see Masuda, T., & Nisbett, R. E. (2001). Attending holistically versus analytically: Comparing the context sensitivity of Japanese and Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 922–934). However, cultures may differ in their sensitivity to scene incongruences and emotion processing, which may account for cross-cultural differences in scene memory. The current study uses hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to examine scene memory while controlling for scene congruency and the perceived emotional intensity of the images. American and East Asian participants encoded pictures that included a positive, negative, or neutral item placed on a neutral background. After a 20-min delay, participants were shown the item and background separately along with similar and new items and backgrounds to assess memory specificity. Results indicated that even when congruency and emotional intensity were controlled, there was evidence that Americans had better item memory than East Asians. Incongruent scenes were better remembered than congruent scenes. However, this effect did not differ by culture. This suggests that Americans’ item focus may result in memory changes that are robust despite variations in scene congruency and perceived emotion.
DCT Enabled Lifting Wavelet Transformation based Image Analysis for Brain Tumor Detection and Extraction

— This paper presents an accurate detection of a brain tumor by initial prediction of the tumor stage with the help of tumor infected magnetic resonance (MR) images. The accuracy of any brain tumor segmentation scheme depends on its ability to separately identify different classes of tissues. In fact, segmentation can be considered as the most important process in evaluating the characterization, delineation, and visualization of extracted portion i.e. region of interest from the MR images. This paper evaluates the ability of discrete cosine transformation and lifting wavelet transformation efficiently to segment different tissue classes and detect the tumor infected area through the MR images; thus, providing an improved technique which can help radiologists to accurately identify brain tumor grades, its exact location, size and its current stage. To the best of our knowledge and through the analysis, this is the first study of its kind that utilizes the performance of a discrete cosine transformation (DCT) enabled lifting wavelet transformation based clustering technique in detecting brain tumor. To summarize, our DCT enabled lifting wavelet transformation (LWT) based brain tumor detection algorithm abbreviated as DELWT (DCT Enabled Lifting Wavelet Transformation) provides promising efforts in brain tumor classification, detection, and extraction. It also has the potential for analysis and guiding methodology that are applicable in automatic analysis of larger data sets of MR images. The simulation results prove the significance and efficacy of the proposed mechanism in comparison to the existing techniques.
Predicting hepatocellular carcinoma through cross-talk genes identified by risk pathways

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent type of liver cancer with poor survival rate and high mortality. Despite efforts on the mechanism of HCC, new molecular markers are needed for exact diagnosis, evaluation and treatment. Here, we combined transcriptome of HCC with networks and pathways to identify reliable molecular markers. Through integrating 249 differentially expressed genes with syncretic protein interaction networks, we constructed a HCC-specific network, from which we further extracted 480 pivotal genes. Based on the cross-talk between the enriched pathways of the pivotal genes, we finally identified a HCC signature of 45 genes, which could accurately distinguish HCC patients with normal individuals and reveal the prognosis of HCC patients. Among these 45 genes, 15 showed dysregulated expression patterns and a part have been reported to be associated with HCC and/or other cancers. These findings suggested that our identified 45 gene signature could be potential and valuable molecular markers for diagnosis and evaluation of HCC.
Bank capital and portfolio risk among Islamic banks

Minimum capital requirements are often implemented under the notion that increased capital improves bank safety and stability. However, an unintended consequence of higher capital requirements could arise if increasing capital induces banks to invest in riskier assets. Several researchers have examined this relationship between bank capital and risk among conventional banks, and interest around this topic has intensifi�ed since the 2007-2008 fi�nancial crisis. However, the fi�ndings are rather mixed. Moreover, very few studies have focused on Islamic banks, which differ greatly from their conventional counterpart's due to their need to be Shariah-compliant. In this paper a sample of 22 Islamic banks is analyzed over a seven year period from 2007-2013. The empirical approach is fully parametric and Bayesian utilizing techniques developed by Kessler and Munkin (2015) and building on previous banking research by Shrives and Dahl (1992) and Jacques and Nigro (1997). Some evidence is found suggesting that increases in total capital positively affect the levels of asset risks among Islamic banks.
Manipulating, Fast and Slow: The Law of Non-Verbal Market Manipulations

Consumers make purchasing decisions in various markets every day. Contrary to common belief, such decision-making is often not the result of deliberate analysis of information or of rational thinking. Rather, it is frequently based on feelings, sensations and intuition. Purchasing decisions are not made in a vacuum and are regularly influenced by sellers’ manipulation and selling tactics.It is well documented that people receive a substantial part of the information they possess via non-verbal communication. One of the most alarming aspects of this reality is that consumers are mostly unaware of non-verbal cues and the ways they can influence them. Therefore, consumers can hardly correct their mistakes and protect themselves against such influence. This stands in sharp contrast to the increasing efforts invested by marketers in employing non-verbal marketing methods. Despite the enormous impact of non-verbal communication on consumers’ purchasing decisions, current law neglects to address the encoding and decoding of wordless cues exchanged between consumers and businesses. Instead the law mainly focuses on defending the public against misleading verbal information. This opens a challenging gap between the law’s intention to protect consumers from deceptive practices and its ability to do so effectively; this contributes to a false consciousness in consumers of proper protection. It provides consumers with an artificial sense of effective legal protection while leaving them exposed to far more sophisticated manipulations of which they mostly unaware.Non-verbal manipulations are a robust phenomenon, extensively employed by sellers who are well versed in marketing research. Yet legal scholars, judges and legislatures lack a systematic understanding of how non-verbal cues influence consumers, let alone how the law should respond. This Article, while focusing on the psychology of non-verbal manipulations, aims to narrow this gap descriptively and normatively.
Evaluation of Cellulase Production by Zymomonas mobilis

Z. mobilis has been widely studied as a potential microbe for consolidated bioprocessing to convert lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars while at the same time producing ethanol. To achieve this goal, Z. mobilis must be evaluated for the production of cellulolytic enzyme. This work reports on the potential of intracellular and extracellular crude extracts from Z. mobilis ZM4 and TISTR 551 to hydrolyze various cellulosic materials including carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), delignified rice bran, microcrystalline cellulose, and filter paper. Crude intracellular extracts from ZM4 and TISTR 551 showed high endoglucanase activity with CMC substrates at an optimal pH of 6 to 7 and temperature range of 30 to 40 °C. The endoglucanase activity from the crude extracts was significantly higher than the exoglucanase activity. Of the high crystalline celluloses substrates tested, the best results were obtained for the hydrolysis of delignified rice bran by crude intracellular enzyme extracts of Z. mobilis TISTR 551.
Induction and Antagonism of Antiviral Responses in Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Infected Pediatric Airway Epithelium

ABSTRACT Airway epithelium is the primary target of many respiratory viruses. However, virus induction and antagonism of host responses by human airway epithelium remains poorly understood. To address this, we developed a model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection based on well-differentiated pediatric primary bronchial epithelial cell cultures (WD-PBECs) that mimics hallmarks of RSV disease in infants. RSV is the most important respiratory viral pathogen in young infants worldwide. We found that RSV induces a potent antiviral state in WD-PBECs that was mediated in part by secreted factors, including interferon lambda 1 (IFN-λ1)/interleukin-29 (IL-29). In contrast, type I IFNs were not detected following RSV infection of WD-PBECs. IFN responses in RSV-infected WD-PBECs reflected those in lower airway samples from RSV-hospitalized infants. In view of the prominence of IL-29, we determined whether recombinant IL-29 treatment of WD-PBECs before or after infection abrogated RSV replication. Interestingly, IL-29 demonstrated prophylactic, but not therapeutic, potential against RSV. The absence of therapeutic potential reflected effective RSV antagonism of IFN-mediated antiviral responses in infected cells. Our data are consistent with RSV nonstructural proteins 1 and/or 2 perturbing the Jak-STAT signaling pathway, with concomitant reduced expression of antiviral effector molecules, such as MxA/B. Antagonism of Jak-STAT signaling was restricted to RSV-infected cells in WD-PBEC cultures. Importantly, our study provides the rationale to further explore IL-29 as a novel RSV prophylactic. IMPORTANCE Most respiratory viruses target airway epithelium for infection and replication, which is central to causing disease. However, for most human viruses we have a poor understanding of their interactions with human airway epithelium. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important viral pathogen of young infants. To help understand RSV interactions with pediatric airway epithelium, we previously developed three-dimensional primary cell cultures from infant bronchial epithelium that reproduce several hallmarks of RSV infection in infants, indicating that they represent authentic surrogates of RSV infection in infants. We found that RSV induced a potent antiviral state in these cultures and that a type III interferon, interleukin IL-29 (IL-29), was involved. Indeed, our data suggest that IL-29 has potential to prevent RSV disease. However, we also demonstrated that RSV efficiently circumvents this antiviral immune response and identified mechanisms by which this may occur. Our study provides new insights into RSV interaction with pediatric airway epithelium.
New Possibilities in Life with Type 2 Diabetes: Experiences from Participating in a Guided Self-Determination Programme in General Practice

Research suggests that guided self-determination programmes can support self-management of diabetes by empowering self-determined goal setting and competence building. As most research in this area has focused on people with type 1 diabetes, knowledge is lacking on how adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus experience participation in such programmes. This study reports the modelling phase of a complex intervention design that explored the experiences of adults with type 2 diabetes who participated in a nurse-led guided self-determination programme in general practice and examines how the programme affected patients' motivation to self-manage diabetes. The qualitative design with semistructured interviews included 9 adults with type 2 diabetes who participated in the programme. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings indicate that the participants experienced new life possibilities after participating in the programme, which seemed to have a positive influence on their motivation for self-management. Through reflections about how to live with diabetes, the participants reinterpreted their life with diabetes by gradually developing a closer relationship with the disease, moving towards acceptance. The fact that dialogue with the nurses was seen to be on an equal footing helped support the participants to become more self-determined.
Learning to Interact with Users: A Collaborative-Bandit Approach

Learning to interact with users and discover their preferences is central in most web applications, with recommender systems being a notable example. From such a perspective, merging interactive learning algorithms with recommendation models is natural. While recent literature has explored the idea of combining collaborative filtering approaches with bandit techniques, there exist two limitations: (1) they usually consider Gaussian rewards, which are not suitable for implicit feedback data powering most recommender systems, and (2) they are restricted to the one-item recommendation setting while typically a list of recommendations is given. In this paper, to address these limitations, apart from Gaussian rewards we also consider Bernoulli rewards, the latter being suitable for dyadic data. Also, we consider two user click models: the one-item click/no-click model, and the cascade click model which is suitable for top-K recommendations. For these settings, we propose novel machine learning algorithms that learn to interact with users by learning the underlying parameters collaboratively across users and items. We provide an extensive empirical study, which is the first to illustrate all pairwise empirical comparisons across different interactive learning algorithms for recommendation. Our experiments demonstrate that when the number of users and items is large, propagating the feedback across users and items while learning latent features is the most effective approach for systems to learn to interact with the users.
Secure Communications in Tiered 5G Wireless Networks With Cooperative Jamming

Cooperative jamming is deemed as a promising physical layer-based approach to secure wireless transmissions in the presence of eavesdroppers. In this paper, we investigate cooperative jamming in a two-tier 5G heterogeneous network (HetNet), where the macrobase stations (MBSs) at the macrocell tier are equipped with large-scale antenna arrays to provide space diversity and the local base stations (LBSs) at the local cell tier adopt non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to accommodate dense local users (LUs). In the presence of imperfect channel state information, we propose three robust secrecy transmission algorithms that can be applied to various scenarios with different security requirements. The first algorithm employs robust beamforming (RBA) that aims to optimize the secrecy rate of a marcouser (MU) in a macrocell. The second algorithm provides robust power allocation (RPA) that can optimize the secrecy rate of an LU in a local cell. The third algorithm tackles a robust joint optimization (RJO) problem across tiers that seek the maximum secrecy sum rate of a target MU and a target LU robustly. We employ convex optimization techniques to find feasible solutions to these highly non-convex problems. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are highly effective in improving the secrecy performance of a two-tier HetNet.
Protective effect of Chinese sumac ( Rhus typhina L . ) fruit extract on angiotensin II-induced hypertension

This study aims to evaluate the effects of Chinese sumac fruit (CSF) extract on angiotensin-induced hypertension (HTN) in rats. The angiotensin II administration was performed in rats to establish the model of HTN. Rats in CSF or HTN group received CSF granule or normal saline gavage after angiotensin II treatment, respectively. Rats in control group were treated with normal saline only. The blood pressure of each rat was measured by intubation of carotid artery. The thickness of renal artery vessel was measured by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. In addition, the mRNA and protein levels of total nitric oxide synthase (tNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were detected, followed by the expression levels of nitric oxide (NO) and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) in serum were measured. In CSF group, the blood pressure, thickness of renal arteries, expression levels of collagen I and collagen IV were decreased compared with HTN group. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of SOD, CAT, tNOS, eNOS and expression levels of NO in CSF group were obviously elevated compared with HTN group (P < 0.01). MDA was remarkably decreased under the action of CSF (P < 0.01). In summary, CSF extract has properties to protect HTN. Decrease of oxidative stress and increase of NO are probably involved in the mechanism of CSF extract in treating HTN.
Recall Performance in Air Traffic Controllers Across the 24-hr Day: Influence of Alertness and Task Demands on Recall Strategies

© 2012 Melan and Galy, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Recall Performance in Air Traffic Controllers Across the 24-hr Day: Influence of Alertness and Task Demands on Recall Strategies