Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recharge sources and hydrogeological effects of irrigation and an influent river identified by stable isotopes in the Motril‐Salobreña aquifer (Southern Spain)

Measurement of the stable isotopes oxygen‐18 and deuterium in water is an important tool to characterize aquifer recharge sources. In the driest areas of the Mediterranean, this application is of special interest due to the scarcity of water and the resulting common incidence of human influence on natural hydrological systems. The Motril‐Salobreña detrital aquifer (southern Spain) is a clear example of such an impact as inhabitants have designed irrigation systems and a dam was recently built across the course of the Guadalfeo River, which feeds the aquifer. The sampling of (river or ground) water has allowed the determination of stable isotope contents (oxygen‐18 and deuterium), both temporally and spatially, and the relative importance of the main recharge sources in certain sectors. In addition, we were able to infer seasonal trends and to improve existing knowledge of the main flow paths and the position of a seasonal groundwater divide. Data analysis shows evaporation plays a minor role (despite the high temperatures in the zone), scarce rainwater influence, and the overwhelming contribution of recharge from the Guadalfeo River and from the carbonate aquifer (Escalate aquifer) in contact with the Motril‐Salobreña aquifer. Irrigation return flow during the summer months comprises the main recharge due to the significant volumes of water that infiltrate. The construction of the dam will almost certainly entail great changes in the current dynamics of the hydrogeology of the Motril‐Salobreña aquifer; therefore, knowledge of its behaviour is crucial in order to carry out sustainable use of its groundwater resources. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pre-treatment Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) Score and Carcinoembryonic Antigen Level Provide Tumour Progression and Prognostic Information in Gastric Cancer ： A Retrospective Study

BackgroundThis study explores the role of combining the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score and the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level on predicting tumour stage and prognosis in gastric cancer (GC) patients.MethodsA total of 682 GC patients were included in this retrospective study. CONUT scores and CEA levels were combined to establish a new scoring system: CONUT-CEA score. Cut-off values for distinguishing patients between stage IV and non-stage IV were established by receiver operating characteristic curves. Cut-off values for predicting prognosis were determined by maximum x2 method.ResultsThe CONUT and CEA cut-off values for discriminating stage IV patients from non-stage IV patients were 2.0 and 5.58 ng/ml, respectively. Logistic regression model demonstrated that high CONUT-CEA score was related to advanced tumour stage. Among non-stage IV patients, CONUT and CEA cut-off values of 2.0 and 9.50 ng/ml predicted overall survival (OS), respectively. The Cox proportional risk model revealed that high CONUT-CEA score was notable related to decreased OS (2 vs 0: hazard ratios (HR) =2.358, 95% confidence intervals (CI)=1.412–3.940, P=0.001) and decreased disease-free survival (2 vs 0: HR=1.980, 95% CI=1.072–3.656, P=0.003). ConclusionsThe CONUT-CEA score may be a good biomarker for predicting tumour stage and prognosis in GC patients.
Sustainable agriculture, good farming practices and application of quality assurance schemes in dairy sector

Good farming practices are part of EU policies to stimulate sustainability in agriculture. This is part of the so called Cross-Compliance conditions. To enhance social responsible behavior quality assurance schemes are in operation including good farming practices. Practices and product characteristics are included that are considered relevant to society and consumers. A method will be explained that identifies strategies to improve the transparency of the supply chain with respect to corporate social responsibility. However, a consumer study illustrates that public opinions towards product characteristics do not necessarily reflect the consumers’ behavior in the market place. A field example of good farming practices will be presented.
Upward Transport in a Three‐Dimensional Heterogeneous Laboratory Soil under Evaporation Conditions

Upward water flow induced by evaporation can cause soil salinization and transport of contaminants to the soil surface and influences the migration of solutes to the groundwater. In this study, we used electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to obtain time‐lapse images of an upward‐flow tracer experiment under evaporation conditions in a three‐dimensional, spatially correlated heterogeneous laboratory soil composed of three different materials (coarse‐, medium‐, and fine‐grained sands). The tracer experiment was performed during 40 d of quasi‐steady‐state, upward‐flow conditions. Monitored transport was compared with three‐dimensional numerical simulation based on the Richards and advection–dispersion equations. The ERT‐derived and modeled solute transport correlated well in the lower part of the laboratory soil, while deviations increased toward the surface. Inversion of synthetic ERT data indicated that deviations cannot be explained by ERT data and inversion errors only, but also errors of the flow and transport model must be invoked. The classical potential/actual evaporation (Epot/Ea) concept underestimated the experimental evaporation, as locally Ea exceeded Epot, which was determined as the maximum evaporation from an insulated free water table minus soil heat flux. Increasing the potential evaporation rate uniformly in the model, so that wet high‐evaporation zones can compensate for lower evaporation from dry zones, increased the correlation between experiment and model. Despite the remaining deviations, experiment and model showed a consistent and systematic pattern of preferential upward transport pathways. Close above the water table, most of the transport occurred in the coarse material, while with increasing height, transport was dominated by the finer materials. This study is an experimental benchmark for three‐dimensional flow and transport models using simplified evaporation boundary conditions and for ERT to monitor upward transport.
Environmental selection and epistasis in an empirical phenotype-environment-fitness landscape

Fitness landscapes, mappings of genotype/phenotype to their effects on fitness, are invaluable concepts in evolutionary biochemistry. Though widely discussed, measurements of phenotype-fitness landscapes in proteins remain scarce. Here, we quantify all single mutational effects on fitness and phenotype of VIM-2 β-lactamase across a 64-fold range of ampicillin concentrations. We then construct a phenotype-fitness landscape that takes variations in environmental selection pressure into account. We found that a simple, empirical landscape accurately models the ~39,000 mutational data points, suggesting the evolution of VIM-2 can be predicted based on the selection environment. Our landscape provides new quantitative knowledge on the evolution of the β-lactamases and proteins in general, particularly their evolutionary dynamics under sub-inhibitory antibiotic concentrations, as well as the mechanisms and environmental dependence of nonspecific epistasis. One Sentence Summary An empirical fitness landscape discloses the environmental dependence of mutational effects in VIM-2 β-lactamase.
High-intensity Interval Training in the Boundaries of the Severe Domain: Effects on Sprint and Endurance Performance

Abstract In order to compare the effects of two 4-week interval training programs performed at the lower (Critical Power, CP) or at the higher (The highest intensity at which V˙O2max is attained, IHIGH) intensities of the severe exercise domain on sprint and endurance cycling performance, 21 recreationally trained cyclists performed the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) and a 250-kJ time trial. Accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD), surface electromyography (RMS), and blood lactate kinetics were measured during the WAnT. Subjects were assigned to 105% CP or IHIGH groups. During the WAnT, significantly greater improvements in peak (Mean ±95%CI) (5.7±2.3% vs. 0.2±2.2%), mean power output (MPO) (3.7±2.0% vs. 0.5±1.8%), and RMS (17.8±7.4% vs. −15.7±7.9%) were observed in the IHIGH group (P<0.05). Higher and lower AOD, respectively, at the start and during the second half of the WAnT were observed after IHIGH training. The changes in RMS and MPO induced by the training were significantly correlated (r=0.584). The 2 interventions induced improvements in the 250-kJ time trial. In conclusion, although the improvements in endurance performance were similar, training at IHIGH led to higher gains in WAnT performance than training at 105%CP.
Salinity trends on the Siberian shelves

We present an analysis of observed long‐term (∼100 year) salinity trends on the freshwater‐dominated Siberian continental shelves. A multiple regression was performed in the White Sea (WS), the Kara Sea (KS), the Laptev Sea (LS), and the East Siberian Sea (ESS). Since 1930, the WS has gained freshwater while the ESS has lost it, consistent with river discharge trends over this period. Over the past 20 years, increases in both river discharge and direct precipitation can explain observed salinity decreases in the WS, but not in the KS. Salinity trends in the LS and ESS indicate that ocean circulation plays a dominate role in these areas, where in recent years freshwater has been diverted eastward along the coast, rather than northward toward the deep ocean.
Prosthesis hand grasp control following targeted muscle reinnervation in individuals with transradial amputation

Transradial amputation is the most common level of major upper limb amputation. Despite the growing availability of multifunctional prosthetic hands, users' control of these hands and overall functional abilities remain limited. The combination of pattern recognition control and targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) surgery, an innovative technique where amputated nerves are transferred to reinnervate new muscle targets in the residual limb, has been used to improve prosthesis control of individuals with more proximal upper limb amputation levels (i.e., shoulder disarticulation and transhumeral amputation). The goal of this study was to determine if similar prosthesis control improvements could be seen for individuals with amputations at the transradial level. Participants controlled 3-5 grips with a multi-articulating hand prosthesis under myoelectric pattern recognition control for at least 8 weeks at home pre- and post-TMR surgery. Users gained some significant functional control benefits using a multi-articulating hand prosthesis with pattern recognition at 9-12 months post-TMR surgery. Additionally, a majority of subjects noted an improvement in their residual limb and phantom limb sensations post-TMR. An additional offline EMG analysis showed a decrease in grip classification error post-TMR surgery compared to pre-TMR surgery.
Reimagining Global Health

Innovation Countdown 2030 is reimagining what's possible in global health. Led by PATH, the initiative is identifying and showcasing technologies and interventions with great promise to accelerate progress toward solving the world's most urgent health issues. By engaging entrepreneurs, investors, innovators, and experts across sectors and around the world, the Innovation Countdown 2030 initiative aims to accelerate high-potential innovations, catalyzing investment and increasing awareness of and support for transformative ideas to improve health and save lives. IntroductIon We stand on the cusp of an unprecedented opportunity—the chance to transform health through the power of innovation, ensuring a brighter future for people in every corner of the globe. Advances in science, technology, and health care delivery are already opening the doors of possibility in ways that were previously unimaginable. The United Nations (UN) Millennium Development Goals catalyzed a new global focus on ending preventable maternal and child deaths, goals that have driven unparalleled progress since 2000. Reimagining Global Health, the inaugural report of the Innovation Countdown 2030 initiative, highlights 30 lifesaving innovations with great promise to accelerate that progress over the next 15 years to reach the proposed health targets of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The report also features commentaries by leading health, business, and technology experts on the essential role of innovation in driving health impact. The report is the result of a yearlong effort to identify, evaluate, and showcase game-changing health technologies and ideas. We sought innovations from across sectors, disciplines, and borders, crowdsourcing hundreds of ideas from developers, entrepreneurs, and experts. Dozens of independent health experts then evaluated and ranked them, selecting the 30 innovations featured here. On the eve of launching the SDGs, the global community now knows what we can accomplish by coming together around a common set of goals and throwing our collective weight behind health solutions with the most potential for impact. As world leaders consider how to finance and scale up those solutions, we know that coordinated investment and financing will be essential in our efforts to reach the 2030 health targets—and to ensure we can financially sustain those gains into the future. We can accelerate our progress by prioritizing promising new vaccines, diagnostics, and other innovations and by expanding access to existing interventions and tools that have already proven themselves effective and affordable. Many of the solutions we need to tackle the world's greatest health challenges are poised for impact. …
The Problems and Resolutıon Advisory Related the Sports Parks Built by the Local Goverment (Mersin Example)

Aim of this study is to identify the problems related to sports parks built by local authorities in Mersin province and suggest solutions related to those problems. 166 participants who regularly used the sports parks built by local authorities in Mersin province participated in the study. A questionnaire that consisted of 28 questions 6 of which were demographic and 22 were close-ended questions was applied to the participants. Frequency analyses were used at SPSS 11.0 program to analyze the data of the study. Results of the study revealed that the users of these parks were women at middle or above-middle age, and as for their professional characteristics, housewives were the most frequent job group that used sports parks. The main reasons for using sports parks were pursuing a healthy life and weight control. It was also found out that the main reason for people to prefer sports parks was doing sports in open air and their being free of charge. Furthermore, some other findings on exercise types in these parks, their being sufficient in terms of health, and the rate of people benefitting from these parks were also obtained. Key words: Local authorities, sports, sports parks
Risk-Adjusted Cancer Screening and Prevention (RiskAP): 1 Complementing Screening for Early Disease Detection by a Learning 2 Screening based on Risk factors 3

Background : Risk-adjusted cancer screening and prevention is a promising and 47 continuously emerging option for improving cancer prevention. It is driven by 48 increasing knowledge of risk factors and the ability to determine them for individual 49 risk prediction. However, there is a knowledge gap between evidence of increased risk 50 and evidence of the effectiveness and efficiency of clinical preventive interventions 51 based on increased risk. This gap is, in particular, aggravated by the extensive 52 availability of genetic risk factor diagnostics, since the question of appropriate 53 preventive measures immediately arises when an increased risk is identified. However, 54 collecting proof of effective preventive measures, ideally by prospective randomized 55 preventive studies typically require very long periods of time, while the knowledge 56 about an increased risk immediately creates a high demand for action. Summary: 57 Therefore, we propose a risk-adjusted prevention concept that is based on the best 58 current evidence making needed and appropriate preventive measures available, and 59 which is constantly evaluated through outcome evaluation, and continuously improved 60 based on these results. We further discuss the structural and procedural requirements 61 as well as legal and socioeconomical aspects relevant for the implementation of this 62 concept. Key message : Risk-adjusted prevention based on established risk factors 63 should be offered in the context of knowledge-generating care. tests pursued by the available standards – e.g. by large-scale double-blind controlled clinical trials. By putting the new knowledge to work in the meantime, also be generated within their clinical use and fed back into the chain of knowledge generation.
A Novel Experimental Generator for Production of High Purity Lead-212 for Use in 1 Radiopharmaceuticals 2

16 The feasibility, performance, and radiation safety of a novel generator were evaluated to efficiently produce 17 212 Pb intended for radiopharmaceuticals. 18 METHODS: The generator consisted of a flask with a removable cap containing a source of 224 Ra or 228 Th 19 absorbed on quartz wool. Gaseous 220 Rn emanated from the decaying source, which subsequently decayed 20 to 212 Pb that was adsorbed on the flask’s interior surface. The 212 Pb was collected by washing the flask with 21 0.5–1 ml of 0.1 M HCl. 22 RESULTS: The generator collector flask trapped 62%–68% of the 212 Pb, of which >87% (tested up to 26 23 MBq) could be harvested. The obtained 212 Pb solution had a high purity (>99.98%) and could be used for 24 the preparation of radioconjugates with >97% radiochemical purity. Future designs of the generator should 25 aim to further reduce the risk of radon and gamma energy exposure to operators. 26 CONCLUSION: The presented technology is a promising method for easy and convenient 212 Pb 27 production.
PHYLOGENY, IDENTIFICATION AND PATHOGENICITY OF Lasiodiplodia ASSOCIATED WITH POSTHARVEST STEM-END ROT OF COCONUT IN BRAZIL

ix Introdução geral . 1 Referências . 5 Artigo . 8 Abstract . 9. 9 Introduction . 10 Materials and methods . 12 Sample collection and isolation . 12 DNA extraction, sequencing and phylogenetic studies . 12 Morphological studies . 14 Pathogenicity tests . 14 Results . 15 Symptomatology and fungus isolation . 15 PCR amplification and phylogeny . 15 Taxonomy. 16 Pathogenicity tests . 20 Discussion . 21 Acknowledgements . 24 References . 25 Conclusões gerais . 30 Anexos . 31
Southwest Western Australian winter rainfall and its association with Indian Ocean climate variability

Southwest Western Australia (SWWA) has experienced a significant decrease in winter rainfall since the late 1960s. This decrease is unexplained and the resultant problem of reduced water storage has been compounded by the lack of any useful predictive skill at the seasonal time scale. This study uses recent gridded, historical data and simple linear correlation in order to evaluate the importance of links between rainfall and both mean sea level pressure (MSLP) and sea-surface temperature (SST) patterns over the Indian Ocean. The decrease in rainfall is linked to decreases in the density of low-pressure systems in the region and to increases in both MSLP and SST over the southern Indian Ocean. Warmer SSTs and increases in MSLP are associated with the observed long-term changes, but changes in these variables do not explain a great deal of the observed interannual variability. Greenhouse-induced climate change is not regarded as a likely explanation for the observed decrease, however, the existence of links with both MSLP and SSTs suggests the existence of coupled air–sea interactions over the southern Indian Ocean which may be relevant at decadal or multi-decadal timescales. A major difficulty with defining any such processes is the relative sparseness of data at high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. This should be partly alleviated as more recent high quality data becomes available over time. Copyright © 2000 Royal Meteorological Society
Dynamical range and stability enhancement in electrically fused microknot optical resonators

Microknot resonators, locally fused using a two-probe technique, have exhibited significantly improved optical performance and mechanical stability. They have been operated with low losses both in-situ and as transferred devices. We found consistently more than threefold dynamical range enhancement, which remained stable in time, in electrically fused MKRs. These devices can be harbored in next generation optical sensors, actuators, microwave photonics systems, and opto-mechanical applications incorporating MKR-assisted micro-structures, taking advantage of this simple and robust fusing technique.
The Impacts of Biofuel Production on Water Quality and a Mitigation Methodology to Reduce the Impacts

Biofuel crops and their economical benefits have been recently researched as one of the alternative energy sources. Very few studies, however, have brought an issue about the impacts of the new cropping on environment, especially water quality. Because biofuel cropping requires more crop production with more fertilizers for cost-effectiveness, water quality near the new crops as well as downstream is expected to be degraded. In this study, the impacts of biofuel crop production on water quality was estimated by scenarios between pre-biofuel cropping and post-biofuel cropping using the previously calibrated SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model in a watershed in Texas, USA. Then, 30 meter filter strips were implemented on each biofuel ropland as a mitigation method. The economical and agricultural aspect and requirements of biofuel cropping was also previously investigated. The on-site impacts estimation showed that biofuel cropping increased about 250% to 1,150% of Total Nitrogen and about 100% to 1,100% of Total Phosphorous annually. The off-site estimation at the reservoir (entire watershed outlet) showed the annual increase of 40 to 50% for both Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorous. The on-site effectiveness of filter strips was from 58.0% to 67.9% reduction for Total Nitrogen and 57.7% to 68.2% reduction for Total Phosphorous. The filter strips reduced 28.5% of Total Nitrogen and 29.4% of Total Phosphorous at the watershed outlet.
Circular Blurred Shape Model for Multiclass Symbol Recognition

In this paper, we propose a circular blurred shape model descriptor to deal with the problem of symbol detection and classification as a particular case of object recognition. The feature extraction is performed by capturing the spatial arrangement of significant object characteristics in a correlogram structure. The shape information from objects is shared among correlogram regions, where a prior blurring degree defines the level of distortion allowed in the symbol, making the descriptor tolerant to irregular deformations. Moreover, the descriptor is rotation invariant by definition. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed descriptor in both the multiclass symbol recognition and symbol detection domains. In order to perform the symbol detection, the descriptors are learned using a cascade of classifiers. In the case of multiclass categorization, the new feature space is learned using a set of binary classifiers which are embedded in an error-correcting output code design. The results over four symbol data sets show the significant improvements of the proposed descriptor compared to the state-of-the-art descriptors. In particular, the results are even more significant in those cases where the symbols suffer from elastic deformations.