Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stochastic approximation for neural network weight estimation in the control of uncertain nonlinear systems

The use of neural networks for controlling a nonlinear system with unknown process equations is considered. To make such an approach practical, it is necessary that connection weights in the neural network be estimated. The use of a new stochastic approximation algorithm for this weight estimation that is based on a simultaneous perturbation gradient approximation is considered. It is shown that this algorithm can greatly improve on the efficiency of more standard stochastic approximation algorithms based on finite-difference gradient approximations. <<ETX>>
An improvement of the theorem of a posteriori estimates for inverse elliptic operators

: This paper presents a numerical method to verify the invertibility of a linear elliptic operator. The invertibility of a linearized operator is useful information when verifying the existence of a solution for the corresponding nonlinear elliptic partial diﬀerential equations (PDEs). The proposed method is proved on the function spaces more suitable than previous methods. The a posteriori estimate, which is expected to converge to the exact operator norm of the inverse elliptic operators, is obtained by less computational cost than existing methods.
A method for calculating synthetic seismograms which include the effects of absorption and dispersion

A method is outlined for the calculation of synthetic seismograms which include the effects of absorption and dispersion. The absorption model used is the usual model of exponential decay of amplitude with distance given by A=A0e-αz, where α is a linear function of frequency. This attenuation is accounted for mathematically by allowing the elastic modulus to be a complex function of frequency. This results in a complex velocity and wavenumber, and the reflection and transmission coefficients also become complex functions of frequency. The method is based upon the communication theory approach and is applicable to plane waves in a flat layered model. The source can be placed at an arbitrary depth. The equations are outlined in detail for a particular absorption‐dispersion pair taken from Futterman (1962). An example with a surface synthetic seismogram and synthetic traces at several depths is presented.
Some remarks on linear least squares fits with errors in both coordinates

The exact least squares line fit with errors in both coordinates (Reed 1992) is investigated together with the approximate solution based on the formalism of the linear Gauss-Helmert model or the unified adjustment approach of the classical textbook by Mikhail (1976). The similarities and the differences are described in details. In spite of the small differences the exact solution is preferable and the calculations are simpler.This paper does not deal with the errors-in-variables (EIV) models solved by the total least squares (TLS) principle, since the exact line fit solution is used to validate this general approach, which is basically designed to solve more sophisticated nonlinear tasks.In the most general case the fit of Person’s data with York’s weights is iteratively solved starting with the arbitrary zero initial value of the slope. The test computation with different but systematically chosen weights proved that in special cases — e.g. the weighted least squares sum of the distances between the data points and the estimated line is minimised — there is no need for iterations at all.It is shown that methods described by Detrekői (1991) and Závoti (2012) are special cases of the general exact solutions.Reed (1992) derived the variances of the slope and intercept parameters without their covariance. The simple linear estimation of variance-covariance matrix of the exact solution is also demonstrated. The importance of the stochastic models coupled with exact solution is also demonstrated.
Evaluation of Storm Structure from the Operational HWRF during 2012 Implementation

AbstractIn this work, a high-resolution triple-nested implementation of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model (HWRF) for the 2012 hurricane season is evaluated. Statistics of retrospective experiments for the 2010–11 hurricane seasons show that the new configuration demonstrates significant improvement compared to the 2011 operational HWRF in terms of storm track, intensity, size, dynamical constraints between mass and wind field, and initial vortex imbalance. Specifically, the 5-day track and intensify forecast errors are improved by about 19% and 7% for the North Atlantic basin, and by 9% and 30% for the eastern Pacific basin, respectively. Verifications of storm size in terms of wind radii at 34-, 50-, and 64-kt (17.5, 25.7, and 32.9 m s−1) thresholds at different quadrants show dramatic improvement with most of the overestimation of the storm size in previous operational HWRF versions removed at all forecast times. In addi.
Periodic error characterization in commercial heterodyne interferometer using an external cavity diode laser based Fabry-Perot interferometer

Periodic error is a main error source that limits the measurement accuracy in heterodyne laser interferometry. An external cavity diode laser (ECDL) based Fabry-Perot (F-P) interferometer referenced to an optical frequency comb (OFC) is proposed to characterize the periodic error in heterodyne interferometers. The Pound-Drever-Hall locking technique is employed to lock the tracking ECDL frequency to the resonance of a high finesse F-P cavity. The frequency of a reference ECDL is locked to a selected mode of an OFC to generate a stable single optical frequency. The frequency change of the tracking ECDL induced by the cavity displacement is measured by beating with the reference ECDL locked to the OFC. Experiments show that the F-P interferometer system has a displacement resolution of 1.96 pm. We compared the measurement results of our system with a commercial plane mirror heterodyne interferometer. The period if the periodic error is about half wavelength, with an error amplitude of 4.8 nm.
Development of Prototype Stylus Prototype for Large Optics Testing

The authors discuss a prototype stylus profilometer designed to measure large optics. It consists of a low contact force type probe system, laser reference system, interferometric distance measurement system, and horizontal driving system. The probe contacts the surface ; the height and the horizontal distances of the measurement points are measured by the interferometer. The freely propagated laser beam provides the reference line during the measurement. The developed stylus profilometry shows only $\pm$ 60 nm of P-V error for the 157 mm diameter spherical mirror.
Compensating image degradation due to atmospheric turbulence in anisoplanatic conditions

In imaging applications the prevalent effects of atmospheric turbulence comprise image dancing and image blurring. Suggestions from the field of image processing to compensate for these turbulence effects and restore degraded imagery include Motion-Compensated Averaging (MCA) for image sequences. In isoplanatic conditions, such an averaged image can be considered as a non-distorted image that has been blurred by an unknown Point Spread Function (PSF) of the same size as the pixel motions due to the turbulence and a blind deconvolution algorithm can be employed for the final image restoration. However, when imaging over a long horizontal path close to the ground, conditions are likely to be anisoplanatic and image dancing will effect local image displacements between consecutive frames rather than global shifts only. Therefore, in this paper, a locally operating variant of the MCA-procedure is proposed, utilizing Block Matching (BM) in order to identify and re-arrange uniformly displaced image parts. For the final restoration a multistage blind deconvolution algorithm is used and the corresponding deconvolution results are presented and evaluated.
Exponential mixture models with long-term survivors and covariates

Suppose a population contains individuals who may be subject to failure with exponentially distributed failure times, or else are "immune" to failure. We do not know which individuals are immune but we can infer their presence in a data set if many of the largest failure times are censored. We also have explanatory vectors containing covariate information on each individual. Models for data with such immune or "cured" individuals are of great interest in medical and criminological statistics, for example. In this paper we provide sufficient conditions for the existence, consistency, and asymptotic normality of maximum likelihood estimators for the parameters in a useful parameterization of these models. The theory is then applied to derive the asymptotic properties of the likelihood ratio test for a difference between immune proportions in a "one-way" classification. A procedure for testing the "boundary" hypothesis, that there are in fact no immunes present in data with a one-way classification, is also discussed.
Millimetre Observations of Infrared Carbon Stars. I. The data

Millimetre observations of IRAS selected red carbon stars are presented. About 260 stars have been observed with SEST and IRAM in the CO (1-0) and CO (2-1) lines and partially in HCN (1-0) and SiO (3-2). An overall detection rate, in at least one line, of about 80% is achieved. The survey represents the second largest survey for AGB stars, and the largest ever for carbon stars. Two new detections in SiO (3-2) in carbon stars are reported. When available, the SiO/HCN and HCN/CO (1-0) line ratios are consistent with the ratios expected for carbon stars.
Combined ultrasound and near infrared diffusive light imaging

We have constructed a combined imager suitable for simultaneous ultrasound and near infrared (NIR) imaging. The imager consists of a combined hand-held probe and the associated electronics for data acquisition. A two-dimensional ultrasound array of 64 array elements is deployed at the center of the probe and a NIR array of 12 dual wavelength laser sources (780 nm and 830 nm) and 8 optical detectors is deployed at the periphery. This hybrid array compromises the ultrasound coherent imaging and NIR diffusive imaging characteristics and is capable of providing spatially co-registered ultrasound and NIR diffusive light images. In this paper we experimentally demonstrate the combined imaging and co-registration, and evaluate the reconstructed optical properties with the assistance of the co-registered ultrasound.
Optimal shape of a variable condenser

The shape of a condenser of maximal cross‐sectional area at a given capacity is derived in an analytical explicit form. Optimization is performed in the class of practically arbitrary curves by solution of the Dirichlet boundary‐value problem for a complex coordinate and expansions of the Cauchy integral kernels in Chebyshev polynomials. The criterion (area) becomes a quadratic form of the Fourier coefficients and both the necessary and sufficient extremum conditions are rigorously satisfied such that a global and unique extremum is achieved. The resulting curve coincides with the Polubarinova‐Kochina contour of a concrete dam of constant hydraulic gradient, which in its own term coincides with the Taylor‐Saffman bubble. In the limit of high capacitance, the Polubarinova‐Kochina contour tends to the SaffmanTaylor finger, which in its own turn coincides with the Morse‐Feshbach condenser contour of constant field intensity. Thus the contour found is of a minimal breakdown danger in the dielectric between charged surfaces (non‐isoperimetric optimum) and of maximal confined area (isoperimetric extremum).
The Effects of Depression and Fear in Dual-Income Parents on Work-Family Conflict During the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study investigated depression and fear in dual-income parents during the COVID-19 pandemic as predictors of work–family conflict. Using a cross-sectional design, we recruited 214 dual-income parents aged 20 years or older with preschool and primary school children in Korea. Data were collected via an online survey. In the final model for hierarchical regression analysis, the strongest predictor of work–family conflict was depression (β = .43, p < .001), followed by fear (β = .23, p < .001), then weekly working hours (β = .12, p < .05). The final model was statistically significant (F = 29.80, p < .001), with an explanatory power of 35%. These findings highlight the need to provide dual-income parents with government-led disaster psychological support during COVID-19, such as counseling, education, and mental health management services involving the psychological predictors of work–family conflict. Diverse systematic intervention programs and policy support should also be provided to help them resolve work–family conflict.
Asymptotic inference for coefficients of variation

Asymptotic inference results for the coefficients of variation of normal populations are presented in this article. This includes formulas for test statistics, power, confidence intervals, and simultaneous inference. The results are based on the asymptotic normality of the sample coefficient of variation as derived by Miller (1991). An example which compares the homogeneity of bone test samples produced from two different methods is presented.
Decellularized xenogenic bone graft for repair of segmental bone defect in rabbits

Background: Bone grafting is a preferred treatment option for the healing of large diaphyseal bone defects and is useful in the management of nonunion, delayed union, and tumor resection. Aims: To investigate a decellularization protocol of bovine cancellous bone for xenogenic implantation in radial bone defects in rabbits. Methods: Bovine bone scaffolds fabricated with various decellularization protocols viz phosphate buffer saline (PBS), 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and rapid freeze and thaw technique. The manufactured scaffolds were characterized by biomechanical testing, histological staining, and scanning electron microscopy. A 10 mm rabbit radius bone defect was repaired with autograft and SDS treated and rapid freeze and thaw in groups A, B, and C respectively. Healing was evaluated by radiography and histopathology at 0, 30, 60, and 90 days. The grafts were also checked for host tissue reaction and incorporation into the defect. Results: The freeze and thaw group showed complete elimination of all cellular nuclei, regular arrangement of collagen fiber, and no significant difference in tensile strength compared to 1% SDS treated and native groups. The in vivo radiographic and histopathological study showed that the rapid freeze and thaw group had complete bridging of the bone gap defect with new bone formation and they were immunologically less reactive compared to group B. Conclusion: The in vitro and in vivo evaluation of the grafts suggested that freeze and thaw technique was most superior to all other techniques for effective decellularization and augmentation of bone healing with better integration of the graft into the host.
Single machine sequencing with linear models of release dates

The paper deals with a problem of scheduling a set of jobs on a single machine. Before a job is released for processing, it must undergo some preprocessing treatment that consumes resources. It is assumed that the release date of a job is a linear decreasing continuous function of the amount of a locally and globally constrained, continuously divisible resource (e.g., energy, catalyzer, financial outlay, gas). The problem is to find a sequence of jobs and a resource allocation that will minimize the maximum job completion time. Such a problem appears, for example, in the ingot preheating and hot‐rolling process in steel mills. It is shown that the problem is strongly NP‐hard. Some polynomially solvable cases of the problem and approximate algorithms with both experimental and worst‐case analysis are presented. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 45: 99–113, 1998
Adaptive output-feedback control for trajectory tracking of electrically driven non-holonomic mobile robots

In this study, the authors propose an adaptive output-feedback controller for trajectory tracking of electrically driven non-holonomic mobile robots in the presence of parametric uncertainties. A new adaptive observer using the transformation matrices is developed to estimate the unmeasured velocities of the mobile robot. By using the transformation matrices, the designed adaptive observer can deal with quadratic velocity terms caused by the Coriolis matrix in the mobile robot dynamics as well as uncertain parameters in quadratic velocity terms. Based on the designed adaptive observer, a simple tracking controller at the actuator level is induced from the dynamic surface design methodology. Using the Lyapunov stability theory, the authors prove that all errors in a closed-loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded and converge to an adjustable neighbourhood of the origin.
Molecular evidence, risk factors analysis, and hematological alterations associated with Theileria spp. spillover in captive wild mouflon sheep in Punjab, Pakistan

Background: Landscape anthropization and interaction between domestic and wild animals are the major contributing factors involved in the emergence of new pathogens in wild animals. Theileriosis is an emerging issue of wild ungulates, especially in the tropical and subtropical areas of the globe. Aims: The current study investigated the mouflon sheep for Theileria infection using molecular methods and hematological analysis. Methods: This study was conducted on a total of 103 captive wild mouflon sheep present in eight different recreational zoos, and wildlife parks in Punjab, Pakistan to investigate the genotypic prevalence of Theileria spp. by targeting 18S rRNA and molecular evidence for Theileria spillover between domestic and wild mouflon sheep by phylogenetic analysis. The association of assumed risk factors and the effect of Theileria spp. on various hematological parameters were also assessed. Results: The results depicted that Theileria spp. was prevalent in 8 (7.77%, CI 95%: 3.99-14.59%), and 11 (10.68%, CI 95%: 06.07-18.12%) animals based on microscopy, and PCR, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rRNA gene of Theileria spp. from mouflon revealed a close resemblance with T. annulata from domestic animals. The risk factor analysis revealed that tick infestation, enclosure hygiene, previous tick infestation history, and the presence of wooden logs in the enclosure were significantly (P<0.05) associated with the occurrence of Theileria spp. infection in the captive mouflon sheep of Pakistan. Furthermore, a significant reduction in blood parameters like PCV, RBCs count, Hb, and platelets was observed in Theileria-positive animals. Conclusion: This study is the first evidence at the molecular level to characterize the spillover of Theileria spp. between the captive wild mouflon sheep and domestic animals of Pakistan, and it will be useful in developing control strategies for emerging theileriosis in captive wild animals.
Higher‐order bounded differencing schemes for compressible and incompressible flows

In recent years, three higher‐order (HO) bounded differencing schemes, namely AVLSMART, CUBISTA and HOAB that were derived by adopting the normalized variable formulation (NVF), have been proposed. In this paper, a comparative study is performed on these schemes to assess their numerical accuracy, computational cost as well as iterative convergence property. All the schemes are formulated on the basis of a new dual‐formulation in order to facilitate their implementations on unstructured meshes. Based on the proposed dual‐formulation, the net effective blending factor (NEBF) of a high‐resolution (HR) scheme can now be measured and its relevance on the accuracy and computational cost of a HR scheme is revealed on three test problems: (1) advection of a scalar step‐profile; (2) 2D transonic flow past a circular arc bump; and (3) 3D lid‐driven incompressible cavity flow. Both density‐based and pressure‐based methods are used for the computations of compressible and incompressible flow, respectively. Computed results show that all the schemes produce solutions which are nearly as accurate as the third‐order QUICK scheme; however, without the unphysical oscillations which are commonly inherited from the HO linear differencing scheme. Generally, it is shown that at higher value of NEBF, a HR scheme can attain better accuracy at the expense of computational cost. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling anaerobic peak power assessed by the force-velocity test among late adolescents

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the concurrent contributions of body size, estimates of whole-body composition, and appendicular volume in addition to participation in competitive basketball to explain inter-individual variance in anaerobic peak power output during late adolescence. The study also tested non-participation versus participation in basketball as an independent predictor of peak power output. METHODS: The sample of this cross-sectional study was composed of 63 male participants (basketball: n=32, 17.0±0.9 years; school: n=31, 17.4±1.0 years). Anthropometry included stature, body mass, circumferences, lengths, and skinfolds. Fat-free mass was estimated from skinfolds and lower limbs volume predicted from circumferences and lengths. Participants completed the force-velocity test using a cycle ergometer to determine peak power output. RESULTS: For the total sample, optimal peak power was correlated to body size (body mass: r=0.634; fat-free mass: r=0.719, lower limbs volume: r=0.577). The best model was given by fat-free mass and explained 51% of the inter-individual variance in force-velocity test. The preceding was independent of participating in sports (i.e., the dummy variable basketball vs. school did not add significant explained variance). CONCLUSION: Adolescent basketball players were taller and heavier than school boys. The groups also differed in fat-free mass (school: 53.8±4.8 kg; basketball: 60.4±6.7 kg), which was the most prominent predictor of inter-individual variance in peak power output. Briefly, compared to school boys, participation in basketball was not associated with optimal differential braking force. Higher values in peak power output for basketball players were explained by a larger amount of fat-free mass.
Experimental Investigation of Carbon Dioxide Jet Plumes

Free jets, produced by issuing CO2 gas from a supersonic nozzle into high vacuum, have been investigated experimentally by measuring densities and temperatures of the gas. Gas densities are measured using electron beam absorption and luminescence methods. Rotational temperatures are measured, after a theoretical model is developed, by using an unresolved band system of the CO2 spectrum. The results indicate that condensation must take place inside the nozzle. Outside the nozzle, the expanding gas gradually leaves the saturation line. At a pressure of about 0.3 Torr the condensation is frozen, and beyond this point the gas essentially follows an isentropic expansion line.