Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Zero‐inflated Poisson regression with random effects to evaluate an occupational injury prevention programme

This study presents a zero‐inflated Poisson regression model with random effects to evaluate a manual handling injury prevention strategy trialled within the cleaning services department of a 600 bed public hospital between 1992 and 1995. The hospital had been experiencing high annual rates of compensable injuries of which over 60 per cent were attributed to manual handling. The strategy employed Workplace Risk Assessment Teams (WRATS) that utilized a workplace risk identification, assessment and control approach to manual handling injury hazard reduction. The WRATS programme was an intervention trial, covering the 1988–1995 financial years. In the course of compiling injury counts, it was found that the data exhibited an excess of zeros, in the context that the majority of cleaners did not suffer any injuries. This phenomenon is typical of data encountered in the occupational health discipline. We propose a zero‐inflated random effects Poisson regression model to analyse such longitudinal count data with extra zeros. The WRATS intervention and other concomitant information on individual cleaners are considered as fixed effects in the model. The results provide statistical evidence showing the value of the WRATS programme. In addition, the methods can be applied to assess the effectiveness of intervention trials on populations at high risk of manual handling injury or indeed of injury from other hazards. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fast proximal gradient algorithm for reconstructing nonnegative signals with sparse transform coefficients

We develop a fast proximal gradient scheme for reconstructing nonnegative signals that are sparse in a transform domain from underdetermined measurements. This signal model is motivated by tomographic applications where the signal of interest is known to be nonnegative because it represents a tissue or material density. We adopt the unconstrained regularization framework where the objective function to be minimized is a sum of a convex data fidelity (negative log-likelihood (NLL)) term and a regularization term that imposes signal nonnegativity and sparsity via an ℓ1-norm constraint on the signal's transform coefficients. This objective function is minimized via Nesterov's proximal-gradient method with function restart, where the proximal mapping is computed via alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). To accelerate the convergence, we develop an adaptive continuation scheme and a step-size selection scheme that accounts for varying local Lipschitz constant of the NLL. In the numerical examples, we consider Gaussian linear and Poisson generalized linear measurement models. We compare the proposed penalized NLL minimization approach and existing signal reconstruction methods via compressed sensing and tomographic reconstruction experiments and demonstrate that, by exploiting both the nonnegativity of the underlying signal and sparsity of its wavelet coefficients, we can achieve significantly better reconstruction performance than the existing methods.
THE LICK AGN MONITORING PROJECT 2011: Fe ii REVERBERATION FROM THE OUTER BROAD-LINE REGION

The prominent broad Fe ii emission blends in the spectra of active galactic nuclei have been shown to vary in response to continuum variations, but past attempts to measure the reverberation lag time of the optical Fe ii lines have met with only limited success. Here we report the detection of Fe ii reverberation in two Seyfert 1 galaxies, NGC 4593 and Mrk 1511, based on data from a program carried out at Lick Observatory in Spring 2011. Light curves for emission lines including Hβ and Fe ii were measured by applying a fitting routine to decompose the spectra into several continuum and emission-line components, and we use cross-correlation techniques to determine the reverberation lags of the emission lines relative to V-band light curves. In both cases, the measured lag (τcen) of Fe ii is longer than that of Hβ, although the inferred lags are somewhat sensitive to the choice of Fe ii template used in the fit. For spectral decompositions done using the Fe ii template of Véron-Cetty et al., we find τcen(Fe ii)/τcen(Hβ) = 1.9 ± 0.6 in NGC 4593 and 1.5 ± 0.3 in Mrk 1511. The detection of highly correlated variations between Fe ii and continuum emission demonstrates that the Fe ii emission in these galaxies originates in photoionized gas, located predominantly in the outer portion of the broad-line region.
Salmonella “Sops” Up a Preferred Electron Receptor in the Inflamed Intestine

ABSTRACT The microbiota of the mammalian intestinal tract represents a formidable barrier to colonization by pathogens. To overcome this resistance to colonization, bacterial pathogens use virulence factors to induce intestinal inflammation, which liberates nutrients for selective use by the infecting microbe. Studies of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infection in a streptomycin-treated mouse colitis model show how virulence factor-induced inflammation can produce nutrients used selectively by the pathogen. Type III secreted effectors of invading S. Typhimurium induce inflammation in the intestine (epithelial cells and lamina propria macrophages) that causes changes in the composition of the lumen. For example, neutrophils entering the intestine produce superoxide, resulting in production of tetrathionate, which S. Typhimurium in the lumen uses as an electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration. In their recent study, Lopez et al. demonstrate that S. Typhimurium strains that are lysogenized with a phage encoding type III effector SopE induce the host to produce nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) in the intestine (C. A. Lopez et al., mBio 3:e00143-12, 2012). Nitric oxide is converted to a highly favorable electron acceptor, nitrate. As a result, growth of sopE+ S. Typhimurium in the intestine lumen is boosted by nitrate respiration. This is a striking example of how acquisition of a virulence factor by horizontal gene transfer can increase the metabolic fitness of a pathogen. Interestingly, survival of the invading bacteria is probably decreased as a result of the SopE-induced immune response, and yet the S. Typhimurium bacteria that multiply in the lumen of the intestine can efficiently disseminate to another host, ensuring success for the pathogen.
Integration of Statistical Methods and Judgment for Time Series Forecasting: Principles from Empirical Research

We consider how judgment and statistical methods should be integrated for time-series forecasting. Our review of published empirical research identified 47 studies, all but four published since 1985. Five procedures were identified: revising judgment; combining forecasts; revising extrapolations; rule-based forecasting; and econometric forecasting. This literature suggests that integration generally improves accuracy when the experts have domain knowledge and when significant trends are involved. Integration is valuable to the extent that judgments are used as inputs to the statistical methods, that they contain additional relevant information, and that the integration scheme is well structured. The choice of an integration approach can have a substantial impact on the accuracy of the resulting forecasts. Integration harms accuracy when judgment is biased or its use is unstructured. Equal-weights combining should be regarded as the benchmark and it is especially appropriate where series have high uncertainty or high instability. When the historical data involve high uncertainty or high instability, we recommend revising judgment, revising extrapolations, or combining. When good domain knowledge is available for the future as well as for the past, we recommend rule- based forecasting or econometric methods.
Does the True-False Scoring Formula Work? Some Data on an Old Subject

FOR MANY years the writers have been concerned about the scoring of tests and examinations and the effects of the scoring and interpretation on the subjects whose tests were scored. They had a surmise that the T-F formula did not operate as stated in the theory, except under conditions of large num bers of scores? in fact very large numbers of scores. Three approaches to the problem were made: (1) the literature was exam ined; (2) a guessing experiment with coin flipping was conducted; and (3 ) an extensive test of the matter itself was made. It is not important now to review all of the literature on the subject. Two matters should be stated. The first is the explanation of the formula itself and the second is the general tendency of data shown in the literature on the subject. McCall, the man whose name is often attached to the formula, referring to a twenty item test, wrote:
Leadership in administration. A sociological interpretation

At first glance, each of the three books listed above appears to fall into a different category in the literature of public administration. David and Pollock's study might be described as instrumentalist and policy-oriented, drawing heavily on clinical studies of administrative organizations in operation. Marx's "introduction to bureaucracy" appears to be a study in comparative administration. And Selznick's "sociological interpretation" seems to belong to the literature of theories of organization and organizational behavior. However accurate such designations may be, they are misleading. For the first bears the identifiable stamp of the Brookings "problem paper"; the second, for all its historical learning and references to the record of various sovereign states, is the product of perceptive observation and experience rather than research guided by a conceptual framework of comparative analysis; and the third happily is devoid of a single word of jargon and deals in stimulating fashion with a subject that has been neglected in the current literature of organizational theory. Their common concern with some personnel aspects of large organizations justifies a joint review.
Solid and hollow pedicle screws affect the electrical resistance: A potential source of error with stimulus-evoked electromyography

Background: Although stimulus evoked electromyography (EMG) is commonly used to confirm the accuracy of pedicle screw placement. There are no studies to differentiate between solid screws and hollow screws to the electrical resistance of pedicle screws. We speculate that the electrical resistance of the solid and hollow pedicle screws may be different and then a potential source of error with stimulus-evoked EMG may happen. Materials and Methods: Resistance measurements were obtained from 12 pedicle screw varieties (6 screws of each manufacturer) across the screw shank based on known constant current and measured voltage. The voltage was measured 5 times at each site. Results: Resistance of all solid screws ranged from 0.084 Ω to 0.151 Ω (mean =0.118 ± 0.024 Ω) and hollow screws ranged from 0.148 Ω to 0.402 Ω (mean = 0.285 ± 0.081 Ω). There was a significant difference of resistance between the solid screws and hollow screws ( P < 0.05). The screw with the largest diameter no matter solid screws or hollow screws had lower resistance than screws with other diameters. No matter in solid screws group or hollow screws group, there were significant differences ( P < 0.05) between the 5.0 mm screws and 6.0 mm screws, 6.0 mm screws and 7.0 mm screws, 5.0 mm screws and 7.0 mm screws, 4.5 mm screws and 5.5 mm screws, 5.5 mm screws and 6.5 mm screws, 4.5 mm screws and 6.5 mm screws. The resistance of hollow screws was much larger than the solid screws in the same diameter group ( P < 0.05). Conclusions: Hollow pedicle screws have the potential for high electrical resistance compared to the solid pedicle screws and therefore may affect the EMG response during stimulus-evoked EMG testing in pedicle screw fixation especially in minimally invasive percutaneous pedical screw fixation surgery.
Neuro-fuzzy predictive model for PV energy production based on weather forecast

This paper introduces an evolutionary optimization algorithm as a tool for training an Artificial Neural Network used for production forecasting of solar energy PV plants. This optimized procedure essentially represent a bio-inspired heuristic search technique which is used to solve complex forecasting problems modeled on the concepts of biological neurons. Some simulation results are reported to highlight advantages and drawbacks of the proposed method in order to suitably apply this algorithm to a neuro-fuzzy system application in solar energy production. The weather forecast data related to the PV plants are supplied by the airport service close to the production site and relative data are pre-processed using Fuzzy Logic techniques.
Changing the Receptor Specificity of Anthrax Toxin

ABSTRACT The actions of many bacterial toxins depend on their ability to bind to one or more cell-surface receptors. Anthrax toxin acts by a sequence of events that begins when the protective-antigen (PA) moiety of the toxin binds to either one of two cell-surface proteins, ANTXR1 and ANTXR2, and is proteolytically activated. The activated PA self-associates to form oligomeric pore precursors, which, in turn, bind the enzymatic moieties of the toxin and transport them to the cytosol. We introduced a double mutation into domain 4 of PA to ablate its native receptor-binding function and fused epidermal growth factor (EGF) to the C terminus of the mutated protein. The resulting fusion protein transported enzymatic effector proteins into a cell line that expressed the EGF receptor (A431 cells), but not into a line lacking this receptor (CHO-K1 cells). Addition of excess free EGF blocked transport of effector proteins into A431 cells via the fusion protein, but not via native PA. We also showed that fusing the diphtheria toxin receptor-binding domain to the C terminus of the mutated PA channeled effector-protein transport through the diphtheria toxin receptor. PA fusion proteins with altered receptor specificity may be useful in biological research and could have practical applications, including ablation or perturbation of selected populations of cells in vivo. IMPORTANCE Bacterial toxins that act within mammalian cells have receptor-dependent mechanisms to transport their enzymatic components to the cytoplasmic compartment. By inactivating or otherwise modifying their respective intracellular targets, these intracellular effectors disrupt metabolic pathways and in some cases cause death of the cell. Our results show that the receptor specificity of the transport protein of anthrax toxin may be readily changed, raising the possibility that receptor-redirected forms of protective antigen (PA) and PA homologs may be useful for research and medical applications requiring modification or ablation of designated populations of cells. Bacterial toxins that act within mammalian cells have receptor-dependent mechanisms to transport their enzymatic components to the cytoplasmic compartment. By inactivating or otherwise modifying their respective intracellular targets, these intracellular effectors disrupt metabolic pathways and in some cases cause death of the cell. Our results show that the receptor specificity of the transport protein of anthrax toxin may be readily changed, raising the possibility that receptor-redirected forms of protective antigen (PA) and PA homologs may be useful for research and medical applications requiring modification or ablation of designated populations of cells.
An introduction to an array memory processor for application specific acceleration

In this paper, we introduce an Array Memory (AM) processor. The AM processor uses a shared memory network amenable to on-chip 3D stacking. Node couplings use a 1 to K adjacency of connections in each dimension of communication of an array of nodes, such as an R×C array where R ≥ K and C ≥ K and K is a positive odd integer. This design also provides data sharing between processors within sub-arrays of the R × C array to support high-performance programmable application specific processing. A new instruction set architecture is proposed that has arithmetic instructions that do not require the specification of any source or target operand addresses. The source operands and target values are provided by separate load, store, and arithmetic instructions that are appropriately scheduled with the arithmetic instruction to be executed to reduce the storage of temporary variables for lower power implementations.
Principal Component Analysis-based Mesh Decomposition

In this paper, we propose an automatic mesh decomposition technique based on principal component analysis (PCA) and Boolean operations. First, we calculate the normalized protrusion degree of each dual vertex on the smoothed 3-D mesh. The protrusion degree of a vertex and the vertex's 3-D coordinates form a 4-D feature vector, which we use to represent the polygon mesh. Since a 3-D object is composed of a large number of polygon meshes, we apply PCA to the set of 4-D feature vectors. We take the axes corresponding to the top three principal components as the three axes of a new coordinate system and project the set of 4-D vectors onto the system. Surprisingly, the projected data along the first axis reveals the salient structures of the 3-D object. Therefore, using the first component axis as the search basis, we can identify all the salient parts of an arbitrary 3-D object.
Low-Income Mothers' Decisions Regarding When and Why to Introduce Solid Foods to Their Infants: Influencing Factors

Preventive measures for long-life illnesses such as asthma, obesity, and diabetes can start as early as in infant feeding practices. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends introducing babies to solid foods, anything other than breast milk or formula, no earlier than 4–6 months of age (Kleinman, 2004). This study's 1 purpose was to assess beliefs and attitudes of mothers enrolled in Medicaid about the introduction of solid foods and other infant feeding behaviors. Six focus groups (N = 23) were conducted with Black and Caucasian mothers with infants under 1 year old. The Theory of Planned Behavior was used as a framework for moderator questions and interpretation of themes. Maternal knowledge about infant feeding, maternal perceptions of applicability of infant feeding guidelines, and manner and type of information useful for infant feeding decisions emerged as themes. Implications of themes for informing an educational program for mothers to delay the introduction of solid foods are discussed. 1Funded by the Michigan Department of Community Health and Michigan State University.
Self‐control and juvenile delinquency: Theoretical issues and an empirical assessment of selected elements of a general theory of crime

Social control theory has been one of the most influential explanations of crime and delinquency for many years. Gottfredson and Hirschi propose a new general theory of crime that includes individual restraints on behavior, or “self‐control,” as distinguished from social restraints. The elements of self‐control include an ability to defer gratification, the tendency to be cautious and diligent, cognitive ability, and sensitivity toward others. In this paper we analyze the construct of self‐control and its relationship to official and self‐reported measures of juvenile delinquency.
A study of the coreless winter effects on the GPS tropospheric delay in Antarctica

A coreless winter phenomenon is one of the remarkable Antarctica's climate that has a great dynamic feature in terms of weather and climate on a global basis. This phenomenon related to the sudden warming of surface temperatures during the winter season. Winters are severe in Antarctica. Therefore, this paper aims to characterize of this phenomenon using a Global Positioning System (GPS). The zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) and the precipitable water vapor (PWV) measured from GPS were investigated to establish the GPS signals had affected by this phenomenon. For this study, data gathered over the period of 2009 at four permanent GPS stations in Antarctica were processed. Results demonstrated that the occurrence of coreless winter was clearly detected by the GPS ZTD and PWV, and found with a warming peak occurred in June. This warming peak also compared with surface temperature measurement and found to agree well with the physical properties of coreless winter. From this observation, posing that the GPS sensing has the capability and useful tool to monitor the severe weather conditions like coreless winter towards improving the global climate change prediction.
What Italian Defense Attorneys Know about Factors Affecting Eyewitness Accuracy: A Comparison with U.S. and Norwegian Samples

We surveyed 100 Italian defense attorneys about their knowledge and beliefs about factors affecting eyewitness accuracy. The results of similar surveys show that U.S. defense attorneys were significantly more knowledgeable than other legal professionals, including U.S. prosecutors and U.S. and European judges. The present survey of Italian defense attorneys produced similar results. However, the results suggest that the defense attorney’s superior performance may be due at least in part to their skepticism of eyewitness testimony rather than their greater knowledge of eyewitness factors.
MolClass: a web portal to interrogate diverse small molecule screen datasets with different computational models

Summary: The MolClass toolkit and data portal generate computational models from user-defined small molecule datasets based on structural features identified in hit and non-hit molecules in different screens. Each new model is applied to all datasets in the database to classify compound specificity. MolClass thus defines a likelihood value for each compound entry and creates an activity fingerprint across diverse sets of screens. MolClass uses a variety of machine-learning methods to find molecular patterns and can therefore also assign a priori predictions of bioactivities for previously untested molecules. The power of the MolClass resource will grow as a function of the number of screens deposited in the database. Availability and implementation: The MolClass webportal, software package and source code are freely available for non-commercial use at http://tyerslab.bio. ed.ac. uk/molclass. A MolClass tutorial and a guide on how to build models from datasets can also be found on the web site. MolClass uses the chemistry development kit (CDK), WEKA and MySQL for its core functionality. A REST service is available at http://tyerslab.bio. ed.ac. uk/molclass/api based on the OpenTox API 1.2. Contact: jan.wildenhain@ed.ac. uk or md.tyers@umontreal.ca
A Twin Study of Lifetime Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in Older Adults: Genetic and Environmental Influences Shared by Neuroticism and GAD

Abstract The nature of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and worry across the lifespan remains incompletely understood. We investigated genetic and environmental influences on GAD and the proportion of genetic and environmental variation in GAD that is shared with neuroticism in older adult twins. Participants included 1618 monozygotic and 2291 same-sexed dizygotic twin pairs from the Swedish Twin Registry aged 55 to 74. Participants provided personality information in 1973 and also participated in a telephone screening between 1998 and 2002 that included an assessment for lifetime GAD. Univariate biometric models indicated that both GAD and neuroticism were moderately heritable (.27 and .47, respectively), while the balance of variation reflected environmental factors unique to the individual. Bivariate analyses indicated that approximately one third of the genetic influences on GAD were in common with genetic influences on neuroticism, while individual specific environmental influences were virtually unshared between GAD and neuroticism. Analyses of sex effects suggested that men and women differed in the frequency of lifetime GAD and level of neuroticism; however, no sex differences for genetic and environmental influences for either trait were identified.