Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Satellite abundances around bright isolated galaxies

We study satellite galaxy abundances by counting photometric galaxies from the Eighth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS/DR8) around isolated bright primary galaxies from SDSS/DR7. We present results as a function of the luminosity, stellar mass and colour of the satellites, and of the stellar mass and colour of the primaries. For massive primaries (logM star/M circle dot > 11.1) the luminosity and stellar mass functions of satellites with logM star/M circle dot > 8 are similar in shape to those of field galaxies, but for lower mass primaries they are significantly steeper, even accounting for exclusion effects due to the isolation criteria. The steepening is particularly marked for the stellar mass function. Satellite abundance increases strongly with primary stellar mass, approximately in proportion to expected dark halo mass. For log? M star/M circle dot > 10.8, red primaries have more satellites than blue ones of the same stellar mass. The effect exceeds a factor of 2 at log? M star/M circle dot similar to 11.2. Satellite galaxies are systematically redder than field galaxies of the same stellar mass, except around primaries with log? M star/M circle dot < 10.8, where their colours are similar or even bluer. Satellites are also systematically redder around more massive primaries. At fixed primary mass, they are redder around red primaries. We select similarly isolated galaxies from mock catalogues based on the galaxy formation simulations of Guo et al. and analyse them in parallel with the SDSS data. The simulation reproduces all the above trends qualitatively, except for the steepening of the satellite luminosity and stellar mass functions with decreasing primary mass. Model satellites, however, are systematically redder than in the SDSS, particularly at low mass and around low-mass primaries. Simulated haloes of a given mass have satellite abundances that are independent of central galaxy colour, but red centrals tend to have lower stellar masses, reflecting earlier quenching of star formation by feedback. This explains the correlation between satellite abundance and primary colour in the simulation. The correlation between satellite colour and primary colour arises because red centrals live in haloes which are more massive, older and more gas rich, so that satellite quenching is more efficient.
Develop Control Architectures to Enhance Soft Actuator Motion and Force

Study: Soft robots can achieve the desired range of motion for finger movement to match their axis of rotation with the axis of rotation of the human hand. The iterative design has been used to achieve data that makes the movement smooth and the range of movement wider, and the validity of the design has been confirmed through practical experiments. Limitation: The challenges facing this research are to reach the most significant inclined angle and increase the force generated by the actuator, which is the most complicated matter while maintaining the desired control accuracy. The motion capture system verifies the actual movement of the soft pneumatic actuator (SPA). A tracking system has been developed for SPA in action by having sensors to know the position and strength of the SPA. Results: The novelty of this research is that it gave better control of soft robots by selecting the proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) controller. The parameters were tuned using three different methods: ZN (Ziegler Nichols Method), GA (Genetic Algorism), and PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization). The optimization techniques were used in Methods 2 and 3 in order to reach the nominal error rate (0.6) and minimum overshoot (0.1%) in the shortest time (2.5 s). Impact: The effect of the proposed system in this study is to provide precise control of the actuator, which helps in medical and industrial applications, the most important of which are the transfer of things from one place to another and the process of medical rehabilitation for patients with muscular dystrophy. A doctor who treats finger muscle insufficiency can monitor a patient’s ability to reach a greater angle of flexion or increase strength by developing three treatment modalities to boost strength: Full Assisted Movement (FAM), Half Assisted Movement (HAM), and Resistance Movement (RM).
Optimizing Plasmonic Gold Nanorod Deposition on Glass Surfaces for High-Sensitivity Refractometric Biosensing

Owing to high surface sensitivity, gold nanorods (AuNRs) are widely used to construct surface-based nanoplasmonic biosensing platforms for label-free molecular diagnostic applications. A key fabrication step involves controlling AuNR deposition onto the target surface, which requires maximizing surface density while minimizing inter-particle aggregation, and is often achieved by surface functionalization with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) prior to AuNR deposition. To date, existing studies have typically used a fixed concentration of SAM-forming organic molecules (0.2−10% v/v) while understanding how SAM density affects AuNR deposition and resulting sensing performance would be advantageous. Herein, we systematically investigated how controlling the (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) concentration (1–30% v/v) during SAM preparation affects the fabrication of AuNR-coated glass surfaces for nanoplasmonic biosensing applications. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-visible spectroscopy, we identified an intermediate APTES concentration range that yielded the highest density of individually deposited AuNRs with minimal aggregation and also the highest peak wavelength in aqueous solution. Bulk refractive index sensitivity measurements indicated that the AuNR configuration had a strong effect on the sensing performance, and the corresponding wavelength-shift responses ranged from 125 to 290 nm per refractive index unit (RIU) depending on the APTES concentration used. Biosensing experiments involving protein detection and antigen–antibody interactions further demonstrated the high surface sensitivity of the optimized AuNR platform, especially in the low protein concentration range where the measurement shift was ~8-fold higher than that obtained with previously used sensing platforms.
PSR J0357+3205: A FAST-MOVING PULSAR WITH A VERY UNUSUAL X-RAY TRAIL

The middle-aged PSR J0357+3205 is a nearby, radio-quiet, bright γ-ray pulsar discovered by the Fermi mission. Our previous Chandra observation revealed a huge, very peculiar structure of diffuse X-ray emission originating at the pulsar position and extending for >9′ on the plane of the sky. To better understand the nature of such a nebula, we have studied the proper motion of the parent pulsar. We performed relative astrometry on Chandra images of the field spanning a time baseline of 2.2 yr, unveiling a significant angular displacement of the pulsar counterpart, corresponding to a proper motion of 0. ″165 ± 0. ″030 yr−1 at a position angle (P.A.) of 314° ± 8°. At a distance of ∼500 pc, the space velocity of the pulsar would be of ∼390 km s−1 assuming no inclination with respect to the plane of the sky. The direction of the pulsar proper motion is aligned very well with the main axis of the X-ray nebula (P.A. = 315.°5 ± 1.°5), pointing to a physical, yet elusive, link between the nebula and the pulsar space velocity. No optical emission in the Hα line is seen in a deep image collected at the Gemini telescope, which implies that the interstellar medium into which the pulsar is moving is fully ionized.
Digital Workers in Cyber–Physical–Social Systems for PCB Manufacturing

With the rapid development of smart manufacturing technologies, machines as primary productivity have come into intelligent era. In current industrialization, workers play an significant role in PCB manufacturing and gradually become the bottleneck of the whole manufacturing process. However, the workers in factories have been ignored for a long time. There are not any intelligent method to organize, coordinate and manage them efficiently. In this paper, based on CPSS and ACP theory, we propose a digital worker system to facilitate biological workers to perform human resource management, largely reducing workload, improving working performance, and taking care of physical and mental health of human workers. In this CPSS system, we leverage ACP method to construct a super brain between digital workers, implementing descriptive intelligence, predictive intelligence, and prescriptive intelligence, thus providing personal guidance and management strategies for each biological worker. Consequently we could relieve job burnout and reduce turnover rate for PCB manufacturers.
Critical Casimir forces for films with bulk ordering fields

The confinement of long-ranged critical fluctuations in the vicinity of second-order phase transitions in fluids generates critical Casimir forces acting on confining surfaces or among particles immersed in a critical solvent. This is realized in binary liquid mixtures close to their consolute point Tc which belong to the universality class of the Ising model. The deviation of the difference of the chemical potentials of the two species of the mixture from its value at criticality corresponds to the bulk magnetic filed of the Ising model. By using Monte Carlo simulations for this latter representative of the corresponding universality class we compute the critical Casimir force as a function of the bulk ordering field at the critical temperature . We use a coupling parameter scheme for the computation of the underlying free energy differences and an energy-magnetization integration method for computing the bulk free energy density which is a necessary ingredient. By taking into account finite-size corrections, for various types of boundary conditions we determine the universal Casimir force scaling function as a function of the scaling variable associated with the bulk field. Our numerical data are compared with analytic results obtained from mean-field theory.
XMMSL1J063045.9-603110: a tidal disruption event fallen into the back burner

Black holes at the centre of quiescent galaxies can be switched on when they accrete gas that is gained from stellar tidal disruptions. A star approaching a black hole on a low angular momentum orbit may be ripped apart by tidal forces, which triggers raining down of a fraction of stellar debris onto the compact object through an accretion disc and powers a bright flare. In this paper we discuss XMMSL1J063045.9-603110 as a candidate object for a tidal disruption event. The source has recently been detected to be bright in the soft X-rays during an XMM-Newton slew and later showed an X-ray flux decay by a factor of about 10 in twenty days. We analyse XMM-Newton and Swift data. XMMSL1J063045.9-603110 shows several features typical of tidal disruption events: the X-ray spectrum shows the characteristics of a spectrum arising from a thermal accretion disc, the flux decay follows a t^-5/3 law, and the flux variation is > 350. Optical observations testify that XMMSL1J063045.9-603110 is probably associated with an extremely small galaxy or even a globular cluster, which suggests that intermediate-mass black holes are located in the cores of (at least) some of them.
Holographic Duality for three-dimensional Super-conformal Field Theories

This thesis is based on the publications arXiv:1106.4253, arXiv:1206.2920, arXiv:1210.2590. We construct warped "AdS_4 x S^2 x S^2 x \Sigma" type IIB supergravity solutions dual to the infrared fixed points of all 3d N=4 linear and circular quivers. We provide checks of the correspondence by evaluating the supergravity action in a large N limit and by matching it with the computation of the free energy obtained from matrix models. To complete previous work, we establish the holographic dictionary for the more general supergravity solutions corresponding to domain walls (non-compact \Sigma) and dual to 4d SYM CFT coupled to a 1/2 BPS 3d defect. We also use our evaluations of the free energy to show that the F-theorem is verified for RG-flow relating T^{\rho}_{\hat\rho}(SU(N)) SCFTs.
An axisymmetric steady state vortex ring model

Based on the solution of Atanasiu et al. (2004), a theoretical model for axisymmetric vortex flows is derived in the present study by solving the vorticity transport equation for an inviscid, incompressible fluid in cylindrical coordinates. The model can describe a variety of axisymmetric flows with particular boundary conditions at a moderately high Reynolds number. This paper shows one example: a high Reynolds number laminar vortex ring. The model can represent a family of vortex rings by specifying the modulus function using a Rayleigh distribution function. The characteristics of this vortex ring family are illustrated by numerical methods. For verification, the model results compare well with the recent direct numerical simulations (DNS) in terms of the vorticity distribution and streamline patterns, cross-sectional areas of the vortex core and bubble, and radial vorticity distribution through the vortex center. Most importantly, the asymmetry and elliptical outline of the vorticity profile are well captured.
Cooperative effects and photon localization in atomic gases: The two-dimensional case

We study photon escape rates from two-dimensional atomic gases while taking into account cooperative effects between the scatterers. Based on the spectrum of the random Euclidean matrix Uij = Jo(xij), where xij is the dimensionless random distance between any two atoms, a scaling behavior for the escape rates is obtained. This behavior is similar to the one obtained in the three-dimensional case, but qualitatively different from the result obtained in one dimension.
A descriptive cross-sectional study of self-management in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation

Self-management of non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is characterized by complexity and diversity of content. Inadequate self-management exposes patients to the risk for complications such as stroke and bleeding. To assess the status and predictors of self-management in NVAF patients, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. The self-management scales for atrial fibrillation were used to assess the status of self-management of patients who received Warfarin, NOAC, Aspirin, or No anticoagulant therapy. The general situation questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical data from patients. A total of 555 participants completed the survey, with self-management score of 71.21 ± 12.33, 69.59 ± 13.37, 69.03 ± 12.20 and 66.12 ± 11.36 in Warfarin group, NOAC group, Aspirin group and No anticoagulant group, respectively. In Warfarin group lower educational status was associated with poor self-management; in Aspirin group, comorbidities and age < 65 years (P = .001) were associated with poor self-management; in No anticoagulant group, age < 65 years, single, poor sleep quality, and permanent AF were associated with poor self-management. Self-management was inadequate in patients with NVAF. Poor self-management might be related with the occurrence of cerebral embolism. For NVAF patients receiving anti-thrombotic therapy, relatively young age, comorbidities, and age can have a substantial impact on self-management performance; while age, type of AF, quality of sleep, married status are associated with self-management in patients with no anticoagulants.
Testing the Resource Hypothesis of Species–Area Relationships: Extinction Cannot Work Alone

The mechanisms that underpin the species–area relationship (SAR) are crucial for both the development of biogeographic theory and the application of biodiversity conservation. Since its origin, the resource hypothesis, which proposes that rich resources in vast ecosystems will lower extinction rates and shape the SAR, has not been tested. The impossibility to quantify resources and extinction rates using plants and animals as research subjects, as well as the inability to rule out the influences of the area per se, habitat diversity, dispersal, and the historical background of biodiversity, make testing this hypothesis problematic. To address these challenges and test this hypothesis, two sets of microbial microcosm experimental systems with positive and negative correlated resources and volumes were created in this work. The results of 157 high-throughput sequencing monitoring sessions at 11 time points over 30 consecutive days showed that neither of the experimental groups with positive or negative correlations between total resources and microcosm volume had a significant SAR, and there were no negative correlations between extinction rates and resources. Therefore, in our microcosmic system, resources do not influence extinction rates or shape the SAR. Dispersal should be the principal mode of action if the resource theory is correct.
A Real-Time Tunable ECG Noise-Aware System for IoT-Enabled Devices

The Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring system is an evolution in healthcare, and it is used to monitor heart conditions during daily living conditions. However, the ECG signals from the wearable device are often contaminated with noise, such as power line interference, baseline wander, and muscle artefact. The presence of these noises increases the communication cost of IoT-enabled devices by transmitting unusable noisy signals as well as affecting the clinical decision-making at the application level. A real-time ECG noise detection system at the IoT-enabled gateway can reduce this communication cost and improve the overall quality of the transmitted signal. In this article, we propose a tunable ECG noise localization system to detect noisy ECG segments with a selected percentage of noise-free ECG levels. The proposed system will hold the following: 1) deployable ECG noise detector in the low-computational devices, such as smart phone; 2) reduce the data dropping rate at the network layer; 3) reduce the transmission cost; and 4) improve the reliability of the automated analysis of ECG at the IoT-enabled gateway. We evaluated the performance of the proposed ECG noise detector using publicly available and real-time ECG datasets from wearable ECG sensors. We also measured the data drop rate and compared it with the state-of-the-art algorithms. The impact of reduced data dropping rate also justifies using two commonly used R-peak detection algorithms. The proposed system reduces the data dropping rate by 21.09% on average over public and real-time datasets. Similarly, it increases the number of R-Peak detection by 15.33% on average compared with the existing binary noise classification system by saving partial noisy ECG segments. Thus, the proposed noise detection system improves the reliability of the automated ECG analysis. In summary, the study results support the necessity of a noise detection system for wearable ECG monitoring in daily living conditions to improve the data acquisition efficiency. In addition, a noise localizer can be used for dropping a noisy portion of the signal or filtering the only noisy segment of the ECG signal without blindly imposing a filter on both noise-free and noisy ECG signals.
A centrally heated dark halo for our Galaxy

We construct a new family of models of our Galaxy in which dark matter and disc stars are both represented by distribution functions that are analytic functions of the action integrals of motion. The potential that is self-consistently generated by the dark matter, stars and gas is determined, and parameters in the distribution functions are adjusted until the model is compatible with observational constraints on the circularspeed curve, the vertical density profile of the stellar disc near the Sun, the kinematics of nearly 200 000 giant stars within 2 kpc of the Sun, and estimates of the optical depth to microlensing of bulge stars. We find that the data require a dark halo in which the phase-space density is approximately constant for actions |J| ≲ 140 kpc km s−1 . In real space these haloes have core radii ≃ 2 kpc.
Bose-Einstein condensate near a surface: Quantum field theory of the Casimir-Polder interaction

We derive an expression for the collective Casimir-Polder interaction of a trapped gas of condensed bosons with a plane surface through coupling of the condensate atoms with the electromagnetic field. A systematic perturbation theory is developed based on a diagrammatic expansion of the electromagnetic self-energy. In the leading order, the result for the interaction energy is proportional to the number of atoms and involves the one-body density matrix of the trapped gas. At this order, atom-atom interactions and recoil effects lead to corrections compared to the single-atom theory, through shifts of the atomic transition energies. We also discuss the impact of spatial delocalization of the condensate mode.
3D-Multi-Layer-Multi-Representation-Maps for Short- and Long-term Mapping and Navigation

Robots are constantly becoming more integral in the day-to-day lives of humanity. To do this, they have to accomplish tasks autonomously in dynamically changing environments. Dynamic objects often need to be handled differently than static objects because they cause changes in the environment. To solve the problem, we propose a 3D-Multi-Layer-Multi-Representation map. The overall map consists of multiple layers with custom semantics and custom representation types. A static layer models the static environment using an octomap. A second layer models generic dynamic objects as bounding boxes. Semantic segmentation is used to decide which measurement belongs to a dynamic object. These are all objects of beforehand defined classes. This allows customized update strategies for both types of objects. The experiments show that this increases the accuracy and efficiency of the overall map, as well as the individual layers. A third layer, the human layer that stores the poses of all persons, is added to the map.This allows to precisely see what a human is doing in the exact moment.Using different representations types, the overall map does not only have a higher accuracy and efficiency, but also provides more in-depth knowledge of the scene.
Exact Solutions for Compact Objects in General Relativity

Seven new solutions to the interior static and spherically symmetric Einstein's field equations (EFE) are found and investigated. These new solutions are a generalisation of the quadratic density fall-off profile of the Tolman VII solution. The generalisation involves the addition of anisotropic pressures and electric charge to the density profile. Of these new solutions three are found to obey all the necessary conditions of physical acceptability, including linear stability under radial perturbations, and causality of the speed of pressure waves inside the object. Additionally an equation of state can be found for all the physically viable solutions. The generalised pulsation equation for interior solutions to the EFE that include both electric charge and pressure anisotropy is derived and used to determine the stability of the solutions. However the pulsation equation found is general and can be used for all new solutions that contain these ingredients.