Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Domestic violence in refugee families in Australia : rethinking settlement policy and practice

It has been identified that immigrant and refugee women are particularly at risk in cases of domestic violence. This article reveals the qualitative research findings from a study into the significance of traumatic history, social and economic context, cultural differences and changed gender identities on the perceptions and experiences of domestic violence in refugee families. The study was undertaken with a sample of refugee men and women from Iraq, Ethiopia, Sudan, Serbia, Bosnia and Croatia. Compounding contextual factors concerning structurally based inequalities, culturally emerged challenges, social dissonance, psychological stress and patriarchal foundations are revealed. Informed by an intersectional framework that recognizes gender oppression as modified by intersections with other forms of inequality, the article argues the case for community-managed projects involving multi-level empowerment-based interventions to prevent domestic violence.
The hereditary spinocerebellar ataxias in Japan

In Japan, multiple system atrophy (MSA) accounts for 40% of all spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) and hereditary disorders account for 30%. Among the latter, autosomal dominant disorders are common and recessive ataxias are rare. Although the frequency of SCA genotypes differs between geographic regions throughout Japan, SCA6, SCA3/MJD, and DRPLA are the three major disorders, while SCA7, SCA8, SCA10, SCA12, and SCA17 are infrequent or almost undetected. SCA1 predominantly occurs in the northern part of Japan. Overall, 20–40% of dominant SCAs are due to unknown mutations. From this cluster, pure cerebellar ataxias linked with the SCA4, SCA14, and SCA16 locus have been isolated. Among the recessive SCAs, patients with AVED and EAOH have been detected. However, FRDA associated with GAA repeat expansion in the frataxin gene has not been reported so far.
THE SOCIAL MEANINGS OF LEISURE

This paper deals with the symbolic content of leisure from the point of view of a sociological analysis of its social meanings. We firstly put leisure within the general context of social values, since values relate to the most fundamental grounds from which people tend to legitimate action. In that respect, it is argued that leisure is not as global as values related to work and family, for instance, but is rather found to be a sectorial value, referring to some specific sectors of social life, or some specific activities, or some particular periods of time, considered as `important' by way of gratifying attributes (such as `pleasant', etc.). During the course of daily life, values tend to be adapted to specific action, context, and actors, in terms of social norms, which is our second level of analysis. It is suggested that four main categories of norms can at least be distinguished: norms of action, of involvement, of interaction, and contextual norms. Then values and norms are interiorised and integrated within social personality. Therefore, it follows that another level of analysis can be distinguished: the system of expectations as related to social roles, i.e. the social definitions of how various specialised leisure roles must be performed, as related to the other social roles an actor is identified with. The social meanings of leisure refer to a multi-dimensional, relatively well-structured system of definition and interpretation of daily activities based on values, norms and role expectations.
Joint multicast beamforming and user grouping in massive MIMO systems

In this paper we consider the multicast transmission in massive MIMO systems where the base station (BS) serves multiple multicast groups simultaneously. Each single-antenna user takes interest in multiple groups but can be only assigned to one interested group during each transmission interval. We study the joint optimization of beamformer design and user grouping under the max-min fairness objective. First, when the BS has the perfect channel state information (CSI) of all users, we show that the asymptotic signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) is independent of user grouping and derive the optimal beamformers in closed-form. Second, we consider the imperfect CSI case in time-division duplex (TDD) mode where the BS obtains the downlink channel as the reciprocity of the estimated uplink channel. Instead of estimating every individual user channels, the BS estimates the composite channel of each multicast group. With pilot power control and beamformer power allocation, we propose an optimal user grouping algorithm and a low-complexity suboptimal user grouping algorithm. Numerical and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performances of proposed algorithms.
A novel ultra-wideband signal acquisition scheme using multiple correlator outputs jointly

This paper proposes a novel two-stage detection scheme using multiple correlator outputs jointly to enhance the detection performance in ultra-wideband (UWB) signal acquisition. Due to the rich multipath of UWB channels, the signal energy spreads over multiple correlator outputs, which makes each correlator output have only a portion of the signal energy, and thus, degrades the detection performance of the conventional scheme where a single correlator output is used as the decision variable for detection. In the proposed two-stage detection scheme, the decision variable is formed by combining multiple correlator outputs, making it possible to collect the signal energy spread by the multipath. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can provide a better detection performance over the conventional scheme in various UWB channel environments.
Phylogenetic analyses of Lapita decoration do not support branching evolution or regional population structure during colonization of Remote Oceania

Intricately decorated Lapita pottery (3100–2700 BP) was made and deposited by the prehistoric colonizers of Pacific islands, east of the main Solomon's chain. For decades, analyses of this pottery have focused on the ancestor–descendant relationships of populations and the relative degree of interaction across the region to explain similarities in Lapita decoration. Cladistic analyses, increasingly used to examine the evolutionary relationships of material culture assemblages, have not been conducted on Lapita artefacts. Here, we present the first cladistic analysis of Lapita pottery and note the difficulties in using cladistics to investigate datasets where a high degree of horizontal transmission and non-branching evolution may explain observed variation. We additionally present NeighborNet and phenetic distance network analyses to generate hypotheses that may account for Lapita decorative similarity.
Effect of calcium chloride treatment on post harvest quality of peach fruit during cold storage

This study was carried out on the effectiveness of calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) treatments on the post harvest quality of peach fruits during cold storage at 10 o C and 75 ± 5% RH. Different solutions of CaCl 2 such as 1% (T 1 ), 2% (T 2 ) and 3% (T 3 ) were prepared and the fruits were dipped for five minutes, while (T o ) was left with out calcium chloride treatment as control. The fruits were packed in corrugated soft board cartons (24״ x 12״ x 08״ dimension) and stored at 10 o C. The physicochemical analysis such as weight loss, fruit firmness, Total Soluble Solids (TSS), decay index and ascorbic acid content were determined at an interval of four days. Statistical analysis showed that storage intervals and treatments have significant retention (P < 0.05) effects on the quality parameters of the peach fruits during cold storage. A significant decrease was observed in fruit firmness (1.9-0.6 kg) and ascorbic acid content (6.76-2.89 mg/100g), while a significant increase was observed in TSS (8.3-12.2 o brix), decay index (043.83%) and % weight loss (0-11.92) during cold storage. Results showed that one and two percent calcium chloride treated fruits have little improvement while fruits treated with 3% calcium chloride were found to be most acceptable as per physicochemical analyses.
6-Phospho-D-gluconate dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas fluorescens.

1 The 6-phospho-d-gluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (EC 1.1.1.44) from Pseudomonas fluorescens, a B-side stereospecific enzyme, is active with both NAD+ and NADP+, having a specific activity of the homogeneous enzyme of 121 μmol NADH and 23 μmol NADPH, respectively, formed min−1 mg protein−1. The pI of the native enzyme is 4.62, the pH optimum is about 8.2. 2 The molecular weight of the native enzyme has been determined to be 126000 by sedimentation equilibrium studies. The molecular weight of the polypeptide chains composing the enzyme has been found to be 32000 bydodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 31000 by sedimentation equilibrium studies in presence of 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. The native enzyme is composed of four polypeptide chains. 3 Reacting enzyme centrifugation studies gave at pH 8.2 a sedimentation coefficient s20, w of 8.04 S and a diffusion coefficient D20, w of 6.56 F, resulting in a molecular weight of 115000 for the catalytically active form. Thus, the enzyme is active as the tetramer. So far the enzyme from P. fluorescens is the sole 6-phospho-d-gluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) composed of four polypeptide chains.
CREDIT RISK AND COMMERCIAL BANKS' PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA: A PANEL MODEL APPROACH

The study carried out an empirical investigation into the quantitative effect of credit risk on the performance of commercial banks in Nigeria over the period of 11 years (2000-2010). Five commercial banking firms were selected on a cross sectional basis for eleven years. The traditional profit theory was employed to formulate profit, measured by Return on Asset (ROA), as a function of the ratio of Non-performing loan to loan & Advances (NPL/LA), ratio of Total loan & Advances to Total deposit (LA/TD) and the ratio of loan loss provision to classified loans (LLP/CL) as measures of credit risk. Panel model analysis was used to estimate the determinants of the profit function. The results showed that the effect of credit risk on bank performance measured by the Return on Assets of banks is cross-sectional invariant. That is the effect is similar across banks in Nigeria, though the degree to which individual banks are affected is not captured by the method of analysis employed in the study. A 100 percent increase in non-performing loan reduces profitability (ROA) by about 6.2 percent, a 100 percent increase in loan loss provision also reduces profitability by about 0.65percent while a 100 percent increase in total loan and advances increase profitability by about 9.6 percent. Based on our findings, it is recommended that banks in Nigeria should enhance their capacity in credit analysis and loan administration while the regulatory authority should pay more attention to banks’ compliance to relevant provisions of the Bank and other Financial Institutions Act (1999) and prudential guidelines.
Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in Higher Education: Performance and participation in student's experiences

To expand knowledge on the accessibility of higher education to students with disabilities, the study compared 170 such students in higher education institutions in Israel with 156 students without disabilities for formal achievements and overall participation in higher education. Results revealed that academic achievements of students with disabilities were almost as high as those of students without disabilities, and overall students' experiences were similar. But the two groups of students differed in areas of experiences, as did students with various disabilities among themselves. Analysis of the data indicates that students with disabilities invested more time to meet the demands of their studies, participated in fewer social and extra-curricular activities, and used computers and information technology less. Higher education institutes still have a long way to go to reduce the gap in social inclusion of students with disabilities and to adjust academic standards for their needs.
Signature-Aided Air-to-Ground Video Tracking

Tracking ground moving objects using aerial video sensors is very challenging when the objects go through periods of occlusion caused by trees or buildings. If the occlusion interval is relatively large, there are confusing objects in the vicinity, or the object performs abrupt maneuvers while occluded, maintaining continuous tracks after the occlusion requires advanced exploitation of the imagery. This paper presents a signature-aided multiple hypothesis tracking system where signatures are extracted during periods of certainty and used after the occlusion to resolve association ambiguity. The discussion focuses on the interaction between the tracker and the signature extraction/exploitation module, as well as other tracking aspects within the signature-aided tracking paradigm
Cognitive Social Approach to Dispositional Inferences: What if the Perceiver is a Cognitive Social Theorist?

In most research on personality inferences, it is assumed that perceivers are guided implicitly by the intuitive, lay counterpart of a global trait theory of personality. This article explores, in contrast, the possibility that perceivers may also be guided by an intuitive version of the cognitive social conception of personality. In this view, personality dispositions are reconceptualized in terms of cognitive social person variables (such as the individuals' stable expectations, goals, and values) whose behavioral manifestation is in the patterns of situation-behavior relations. Inferences about person variables then require information about characteristic patterns of person-situation interactions. Such information is conveyed by the individual's stable pattern of behavior variations over situations (person does A when X but B when 19-data that typically are available to perceivers in everyday life but seldom in research on personality inferences. The authors examine when and how perceivers focus on these more contextualized, interactive, nontrait qualities of personality that go beyond the constraints of the classic trait conception and explore the implications for theory and research on dispositional inferences.
Limitations of Human Visual Working Memory

The present empirical study investigates limitations of human visual working memory (VWM). The experiments of the present work involve the experimental paradigm of change detection using simple geometrical objects in the form of rectangles of different colour, length, and orientation. It can be shown, that a limited performance in the temporary storage of visual information has multiple sources. Limitations of VWM can be attributed to a limited capacity or a limited duration, but also to limitations in retrieval, which so far has found only little attention. Key findings of the present study show, that a capacity limitation cannot be described by a simple and generally valid size of the store. It is in fact generally acknowledged that the capacity limitation of VWM is object-based, which means that the capacity can roughly be determined by the number of visual objects. However, it could be shown that the complexity of the objects has an influence on memory performance: Experimental evidence shows, e.g., that memory performance decreases, when an object is characterized not only by one feature (e.g. colour), but by a number of features (e.g. colour, orientation and size). The results are explained by increased storage demands for the binding of the features. Other key findings of the present study relate to the process of retrieval of information from VWM. For example, an asymmetric performance pattern could be observed: In a change detection task a memory performance was observed that corresponds to a capacity of 3 - 4 objects. In contrast a drastic decrease of performance corresponding to a capacity of only 1 object was observed, when the task was to find a matching item among changed distractors. These results lead to the idea of a change signal, by which the empirical data can be explained. The change signal is elicited by a local mismatch between the information stored in VSTM and perceptual online information. The retrieval process is efficient, when the change signal can be used in the memory task. However, retrieval is extremely limited, when in the presence of multiple changes a less efficient strategy has to be applied. In the course of the present study, moreover, it became evident that there are various links between VWM processes and visual attention. Visual attention is probably crucial for feature binding in VWM. In retrieval the change signal probably involves mechanisms of visual attention. The present study could, therefore, contribute to a clarification of the relation between VWM and visual attention
Latin syllable structure in typological perspective

Summary Three parameters are considered in the typology of Latin syllable structure: 1) phonotaxis of syllable structure; 2) correspondence of syllable structure with morpheme structure; 3) syllable structure processes. With respect to these parameters, Latin may be characterized as follows: 1) Latin allows moderate complexity of the onset, which, during its history, gets further reduced. Similarly, complexity of the nucleus is mostly reduced to a single short vowel. Latin allows relatively complex rhymes, which, however, get reduced in the language history; 2) Latin (as well as Romance languages) goes relatively far in blurring morphological boundaries, even left stem boundaries and, thus, word boundaries, by 'liaison'; 3. Latin phonology is relatively faithful to lexical representations. However, syllable structure is simplified, at the expense of the phonological manifestation of grammatical boundaries.
Density-driven fuzzy connectedness for image segmentation

In the traditional fuzzy connectedness (FC) method, the notion of “hanging togetherness” of image elements specified by their fuzzy connectedness is presented sufficiently. However, the segmentation performance is largely determined by the specified fuzzy affinity; and the FC method generally has disadvantages such as sensitive to the noise, difficult to determine an appropriate threshold in the case of multiple seeds version, etc. While these defects can be overcome by our method, in which the density properties of image elements are taken into account, and each spel can be characterized by a Neighborhood Density Index (NDI). Based on NDI, a novel way to capture the global fuzzy connectedness is proposed, and related algorithms for fuzzy object extraction are presented. In the paper, detailed evaluations and analysis are made about the segmentation results returned by the proposed algorithms and algorithms of the FC method. Extensive experiments and comparisons are conducted to demonstrate the utility of such novel approach.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to occupational exposure to silica dust: a review of epidemiological and pathological evidence

Occupational exposure is an important risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and silica dust is one of the most important occupational respiratory toxins. Epidemiological and pathological studies suggest that silica dust exposure can lead to COPD, even in the absence of radiological signs of silicosis, and that the association between cumulative silica dust exposure and airflow obstruction is independent of silicosis. Recent clinicopathological and experimental studies have contributed further towards explaining the potential mechanism through which silica can cause pathological changes that may lead to the development of COPD. In this paper we review the epidemiological and pathological evidence relevant to the development of COPD in silica dust exposed workers within the context of recent findings. The evidence surveyed suggests that chronic levels of silica dust that do not cause disabling silicosis may cause the development of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and/or small airways disease that can lead to airflow obstruction, even in the absence of radiological silicosis.
The Relationship Between the Lizard Eye and Associated Bony Features: A Cautionary Note for Interpreting Fossil Activity Patterns

Activity pattern, the time of day when an animal is active, is associated with ecology. There are two major activity patterns: diurnal (awake during the day in a photopic environment) and nocturnal (awake at night in a scotopic environment). Lizards exhibit characteristic eye shapes associated with activity pattern, with scotopic‐adapted lizard eyes optimized for visual sensitivity with large corneal diameters relative to their eye axial lengths, and photopic‐adapted lizards optimized for visual acuity, with larger axial lengths of the eye relative to their corneal diameters. This study: (1) quantifies the relationship between the lizard eye and its associated bony anatomy (the orbit, sclerotic ring, and associated skull widths); (2) investigates how activity pattern is reflected in that bony anatomy; and (3) determines if it is possible to reliably interpret activity pattern for a lizard that does not have the soft tissue available for study, specifically, for a fossil. Knowledge of extinct lizards' activity patterns would be useful in making paleoecological interpretations. Here, 96 scotopic‐ and photopic‐adapted lizard species are analyzed in a phylogenetic context. Although there is a close relationship between the lepidosaur eye and associated bony anatomy, based on these data activity pattern cannot be reliably interpreted for bony‐only specimens, such as a fossil, possibly because of the limited ossification of the lepidosaur skull. Caution should be exercised when utilizing lizard bony anatomy to interpret light‐level adaptation, either for a fossil lizard or as part of an extant phylogenetic bracket to interpret other extinct animals with sclerotic rings, such as dinosaurs. Anat Rec, 292:798–812, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute water intoxication from compulsive drinking.

SIR,-Those of us who have worked in Africa when diabetes appeared to be uncommon must congratulate Dr. A. C. B. Wicks and Professor J. J. Jones (31 March, p. 733), who have extended the observations of other doctors' in Salisbury, Rhodesia. They are beginning to elucidate the role of refined carbohydrates as a factor in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. If one wishes to state the degree of refinement of any starchy carbohydrate, it is desirable to record the crude fibre content; thus maize meal, such as that consumed by Africans in Rhodesia, might vary in crude fibre content from 0 7 g/ 100 g if of 60% extraction to 1 5 g/100 g if of 96% extraction. That of wheat wholemeal 100% extraction is 20 g/100 g, while white flour 70%, extraction has only a trace,2 probably a crude fibre content of about 0 1 g/ 100 g. It would be helpful if investigators could state the degree of extraction of the maize meal consumed in Rhodesia. In South Africa a recent analysis reported that Bantu preferred maize meal 80%' extraction (crude fibre 14 g/100 g), or 60%,, extraction (crude fibre 0:8 g/ 100 g). ' Reports of the experimental production of diabetes mellitus in small rodents seldom mention the crude fibre content of the food offered, though tables2 can often supply these figures. Interpretation has been that excessive calorie intakes encourage obesity and hyperglycaemia. This is correct, but a more comprehensive appraisal of the situation suggests that diets rich in undigested fibre have different satiety mechanisms because a larger proportion of the food remains undigested in the bowel; less is consumed. When an animal feeds on its traditional food, fed ad libitum, it seldom becomes obese or develops diabetes. Perhaps man has a similar response, for refined starchy carbohydrates have not been his traditional food in Africa or in the Western World. -I am, etc., HUGH TROWELL Woodgreen, near Fordingbridge, Hants