Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Schutz der Privatsphäre in kontext- und ortsbezogenen Diensten

Mit der immensen Verbreitung von Smartphones als leistungsstarke, mobile Endgerate nimmt auch die Nutzung kontext- und insbesondere ortsbezogener Dienste stetig zu. Derartige Anwendungen vereinfachen die Interaktion mit dem eigenen Endgerat oder externen Systemen, ermoglichen neuartige Nutzungserlebnisse und innovative Dienste, die auf den aktuellen Nutzungskontext zugeschnitten sind. Bei einem Grosteil der hierfur an Dritte kommunizierten Informationen handelt es sich jedoch um personliche Daten, deren unkontrollierte Herausgabe aus Sicht der Privatsphare problematisch erscheint. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden drei unterschiedliche Moglichkeiten zum Datenschutz von Kontextinformationen vorgestellt. Allen Verfahren ist gemein, dass sie im Gegensatz zu vielen bestehenden Systemen ohne die Existenz einer als vertrauenswurdig deklarierten dritten Partei auskommen. Stattdessen wird jeweils eine rein clientseitige Durchsetzung von Privatspharepraferenzen angestrebt, wodurch eine personalisierte Dienstnutzung ermoglicht und die Gefahr eines zentralen Datenlecks vermieden wird. Der erste Ansatz beschaftigt sich damit, dem Benutzer ein effektives, allgemeingultiges Werkzeug zur feingranularen, situations- und rezipientenabhangigen Verwaltung von Kontextinformationen zur Verfugung zu stellen. Es wird ein Ontologie-basiertes Kontextmodell entwickelt, auf dessen Grundlage die Definition und konsistente Durchsetzung situationsabhangiger Freigaberegeln moglich ist. Zudem wird eine vollstandige Systemarchitektur zur Kontextverwaltung sowie deren Integration in ein mobiles Betriebssystem beschrieben. Der zweite Ansatz ermoglicht die privatsphareschonende Umsetzung der verkehrsadaptiven Online-Routenplanung. Unter Verwendung standardmasig zur Verfugung stehender Dienstschnittstellen wird dafur gesorgt, dass keine externe Komponente den exakten Start- und Zielpunkt einer Routenanfrage in Erfahrung bringen kann. Anhand einer umfangreichen Evaluation werden der Trade-Off zwischen Privatsphare, Kommunikationsaufwand und Dienstqualitat untersucht und verschiedene Optimierungsmoglichkeiten aufgezeigt. Als drittes wird ein umfassendes Konzept zur Herstellung von Standortanonymitat vorgestellt, das sich generisch fur die privatspharekonforme Positionsfreigabe in unterschiedlichen Auspragungen ortsbezogener Dienste eignet. Hierfur werden die topologiebasierte Erstellung k-anonymer Verschleierungszonen sowie verschiedene Freigabestrategien entwickelt, die auch die zeitliche Korrelation aufeinanderfolgender Ortsangaben berucksichtigen. Dies ermoglicht den effektiven Schutz personlicher Daten selbst bei kontinuierlichen Positionsupdates gegenuber einem Angreifer mit umfangreichem Kartenwissen.
Who am I and why am I here?

Creating a semester plan begins with introspection. It begins with knowing yourself, and understanding why you have written “attend Iowa State University” into the plot of your life story. Why have you decided to enroll in your chosen curricula at Iowa State? What about that subject or subjects interests you? How is that decision an expression of who you are or who you want to be? Is there a career goal you have in mind? Briefly describe what you hope to accomplish with your degree program at Iowa State:
Parameter estimation methods for gene circuit modeling from time-series mRNA data: a comparative study

Parameter estimation is a challenging computational problem in the reverse engineering of biological systems. Because advances in biotechnology have facilitated wide availability of time-series gene expression data, systematic parameter estimation of gene circuit models from such time-series mRNA data has become an important method for quantitatively dissecting the regulation of gene expression. By focusing on the modeling of gene circuits, we examine here the performance of three types of state-of-the-art parameter estimation methods: population-based methods, online methods and model-decomposition-based methods. Our results show that certain population-based methods are able to generate high-quality parameter solutions. The performance of these methods, however, is heavily dependent on the size of the parameter search space, and their computational requirements substantially increase as the size of the search space increases. In comparison, online methods and model decomposition-based methods are computationally faster alternatives and are less dependent on the size of the search space. Among other things, our results show that a hybrid approach that augments computationally fast methods with local search as a subsequent refinement procedure can substantially increase the quality of their parameter estimates to the level on par with the best solution obtained from the population-based methods while maintaining high computational speed. These suggest that such hybrid methods can be a promising alternative to the more commonly used population-based methods for parameter estimation of gene circuit models when limited prior knowledge about the underlying regulatory mechanisms makes the size of the parameter search space vastly large.
The architecture of river networks can drive the evolutionary dynamics of aquatic populations

It is widely recognized that physical landscapes can shape genetic variation within and between populations. However, it is not well understood how riverscapes, with their complex architectures, affect patterns of neutral genetic diversity. Using a spatially explicit agent‐based modeling (ABM) approach, we evaluate the genetic consequences of dendritic river shapes on local population structure. We disentangle the relative contribution of specific river properties to observed patterns of genetic variation by evaluating how different branching architectures and downstream flow regimes affect the genetic structure of populations situated within river networks. Irrespective of the river length, our results illustrate that the extent of river branching, confluence position, and levels of asymmetric downstream migration dictate patterns of genetic variation in riverine populations. Comparisons between simple and highly branched rivers show a 20‐fold increase in the overall genetic diversity and a sevenfold increase in the genetic differentiation between local populations. Given that most rivers have complex architectures, these results highlight the importance of incorporating riverscape information into evolutionary models of aquatic species and could help explain why riverine fishes represent a disproportionately large amount of global vertebrate diversity per unit of habitable area.
Towards Zero-Waste Furniture Design

In traditional design, shapes are first conceived, and then fabricated. While this decoupling simplifies the design process, it can result in unwanted material wastage, especially where off-cut pieces are hard to reuse. In absence of explicit feedback on material usage, the designer remains helpless to effectively adapt the design – even when design variabilities exist. We investigate waste minimizing furniture design wherein based on the current design, the user is presented with design variations that result in less wastage of materials. Technically, we dynamically analyze material space layout to determine which parts to change and how , while maintaining original design intent specified in the form of design constraints. We evaluate the approach on various design scenarios, and demonstrate effective material usage that is difficult, if not impossible, to achieve without computational support.
The hydrogeological activity of fault zones: the example of the Talhof-fault-system (Eastern Alps, Austria)

Fault zones in the upper crust are typically composed of complex fracture networks and discrete zones of altered fault rocks. They generally show a spatio-temporal evolution from the protolith to the fully developed fault with a zoned internal architecture. Distinct domains of fault zones, in particular the damage zone, often represent important areas of essential subsurface water conductivity. Other domains, e.g. the fault core, may act as barriers (Caine et al., 1996). Massive influx of water during subsurface excavation is often related to fault zones. To establish a hydrotechnical quantification of tunnel-sections it is important to define the hydrogeological setting. A detailed collection of the hydraulic effectivity of faults is therefore very important for the hydrogeological prediction during the site investigation in view of geotechnical projects.
Effective Results Ranking for Mobile Query by Singing/Humming Using a Hybrid Recommendation Mechanism

When a user cannot remember the title of a song, or its related details, the most direct and convenient method to search for the song is by humming a section of it. This search method is particularly important when a user does not have access to operate the audio device. The design methodology used in conventional search mechanisms that query by singing/humming, commonly emphasize signal processing or music comparison. The background of the user often influences the genres of the songs being searched, and this is an area of research seldom studied. In our study, we use the information from a user's search history, as well as the properties of genres common to users with similar backgrounds, to estimate the genre or style the current user may be interested in based on a probability calculation. The accuracy from querying by singing/humming is improved. Our method can be divided into two phases. In the first phase, we find the possible search results. This is similar to the conventional singing/humming query process. During the second phase, the musical preference of the user is utilized to rank the possible search results again. Songs that are most likely to be queried would be positioned at the front of the list in the search results. Through our experiments, significant improvement is demonstrated with our method.
Mature Follicular Dendritic Cell Networks Depend on Expression of Lymphotoxin β Receptor by Radioresistant Stromal Cells and of Lymphotoxin β and Tumor Necrosis Factor by B Cells

The formation of germinal centers (GCs) represents a crucial step in the humoral immune response. Recent studies using gene-targeted mice have revealed that the cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF), lymphotoxin (LT) α, and LTβ, as well as their receptors TNF receptor p55 (TNFRp55) and LTβR play essential roles in the development of GCs. To establish in which cell types expression of LTβR, LTβ, and TNF is required for GC formation, LTβR−/−, LTβ−/−, TNF−/−, B cell–deficient (BCR−/−), and wild-type mice were used to generate reciprocal or mixed bone marrow (BM) chimeric mice. GCs, herein defined as peanut agglutinin–binding (PNA+) clusters of centroblasts/centrocytes in association with follicular dendritic cell (FDC) networks, were not detectable in LTβR−/− hosts after transfer of wild-type BM. In contrast, the GC reaction was restored in LTβ−/− hosts reconstituted with either wild-type or LTβR−/− BM. In BCR−/− recipients reconstituted with compound LTβ−/−/BCR−/− or TNF−/−/BCR−/− BM grafts, PNA+ cell clusters formed in splenic follicles, but associated FDC networks were strongly reduced or absent. Thus, development of splenic FDC networks depends on expression of LTβ and TNF by B lymphocytes and LTβR by radioresistant stromal cells.
José De Gregorio : Price and financial stability in modern central banking

During my professional life I have had many challenges and jobs. I was in politics as Minister in three portfolios a decade ago, and had of course to deal with politically sensitive issues. Then I moved to the Central Bank. Many people tend to think that life in a central bank is a quiet one. It is true, it is very low key compared to politicians’, but requires hard work. During my tenure as Governor we have had to deal with rising inflation, then the largest financial crisis in the postwar period, followed by an earthquake, a change of the government coalition after twenty years, and, more recently, inflationary shocks, exchange rate pressures and now the European crisis and an increasingly weakened global economy.
The Termination Shock in a Striped Pulsar Wind

Most of the rotational luminosity of a pulsar is carried away by a relativistic magnetized wind in which the matter energy flux is negligible compared to the Poynting flux. However, observations indicate that most of the Poynting flux is eventually converted into ultra‐relativistic particles. The mechanism responsible for this transformation remains poorly understood. Near the equatorial plane of an obliquely rotating pulsar magnetosphere, the magnetic field reverses polarity with the pulsar period, forming a wind with oppositely directed field lines and called a striped wind.We study the conditions required for magnetic energy release at the termination shock of the striped pulsar wind. Magnetic reconnection is considered via analytical methods and 1D relativistic PIC simulations. An analytical condition on the upstream parameters for partial and full magnetic reconnection is derived from the conservation laws of energy, momentum and particle number density across the relativistic shock. Furthermore, by using a 1D relativistic PIC code, we study in detail the reconnection process at the termination shock for different upstream Lorentz factors and magnetizations, and find good agreement with our analytical criterion. Thus, alternating magnetic fields annihilate easily at relativistic highly magnetized shocks. We apply our criterion for dissipation to deduce bounds on the pair multiplicity, κ, in the pulsar wind.Most of the rotational luminosity of a pulsar is carried away by a relativistic magnetized wind in which the matter energy flux is negligible compared to the Poynting flux. However, observations indicate that most of the Poynting flux is eventually converted into ultra‐relativistic particles. The mechanism responsible for this transformation remains poorly understood. Near the equatorial plane of an obliquely rotating pulsar magnetosphere, the magnetic field reverses polarity with the pulsar period, forming a wind with oppositely directed field lines and called a striped wind.We study the conditions required for magnetic energy release at the termination shock of the striped pulsar wind. Magnetic reconnection is considered via analytical methods and 1D relativistic PIC simulations. An analytical condition on the upstream parameters for partial and full magnetic reconnection is derived from the conservation laws of energy, momentum and particle number density across the relativistic shock. Furthermore, by .
Reliability and comparability of psychosis patients' retrospective reports of childhood abuse.

An increasing number of studies are demonstrating an association between childhood abuse and psychosis. However, the majority of these rely on retrospective self-reports in adulthood that may be unduly influenced by current psychopathology. We therefore set out to explore the reliability and comparability of first-presentation psychosis patients' reports of childhood abuse. Psychosis case subjects were drawn from the Aetiology and Ethnicity of Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses (ÆSOP) epidemiological study and completed the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire to elicit abusive experiences that occurred prior to 16 years of age. High levels of concurrent validity were demonstrated with the Parental Bonding Instrument (antipathy: r(s)=0.350-0.737, P<. 001; neglect: r(s)=0.688-0.715, P<. 001), and good convergent validity was shown with clinical case notes (sexual abuse: κ=0.526, P<.001; physical abuse: κ=0.394, P<.001). Psychosis patients' reports were also reasonably stable over a 7-year period (sexual abuse: κ=0.590, P<.01; physical abuse: κ=0.634, P<.001; antipathy: κ=0.492, P<.01; neglect: κ=0.432, P<.05). Additionally, their reports of childhood abuse were not associated with current severity of psychotic symptoms (sexual abuse: U=1768.5, P=.998; physical abuse: U=2167.5, P=.815; antipathy: U=2216.5, P=.988; neglect: U=1906.0, P=.835) or depressed mood (sexual abuse: χ(2)=0.634, P=. 277; physical abuse: χ(2)=0.159, P=. 419; antipathy: χ(2)=0.868, P=. 229; neglect: χ(2)=0.639, P=. 274). These findings provide justification for the use in future studies of retrospective reports of childhood abuse obtained from individuals with psychotic disorders.
Interlingua-Based Broad-Coverage Korean-to-English Translation in CCLINC

At MIT Lincoln Laboratory, we have been developing a Korean-to-English machine translation system CCLINC (Common Coalition Language System at Lincoln Laboratory). The CCLINC Korean-to-English translation system consists of two core modules, language understanding and generation modules mediated by a language neutral meaning representation called a semantic frame. The key features of the system include: (i) Robust efficient parsing of Korean (a verb final language with over case markers, relatively free word order, and frequent omissions of arguments). (ii) High quality translation via word sense disambiguation and accurate word order generation of the target language. (iii) Rapid system development and porting to new domains via knowledge-based automated acquisition of grammars. Having been trained on Korean newspaper articles on "missiles" and "chemical biological warfare," the system produces the translation output sufficient for content understanding of the original document.
Using Ordinary Digital Cameras in Place of Near-Infrared Sensors to Derive Vegetation Indices for Phenology Studies of High Arctic Vegetation

To remotely monitor vegetation at temporal and spatial resolutions unobtainable with satellite-based systems, near remote sensing systems must be employed. To this extent we used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI sensors and normal digital cameras to monitor the greenness of six different but common and widespread High Arctic plant species/groups (graminoid/Salix polaris; Cassiope tetragona; Luzula spp.; Dryas octopetala/S. polaris; C. tetragona/D. octopetala; graminoid/bryophyte) during an entire growing season in central Svalbard. Of the three greenness indices (2G_RBi, Channel G% and GRVI) derived from digital camera images, only GRVI showed significant correlations with NDVI in all vegetation types. The GRVI (Green-Red Vegetation Index) is calculated as (GDN − RDN)/(GDN + RDN) where GDN is Green digital number and RDN is Red digital number. Both NDVI and GRVI successfully recorded timings of the green-up and plant growth periods and senescence in all six plant species/groups. Some differences in phenology between plant species/groups occurred: the mid-season growing period reached a sharp peak in NDVI and GRVI values where graminoids were present, but a prolonged period of higher values occurred with the other plant species/groups. In particular, plots containing C. tetragona experienced increased NDVI and GRVI values towards the end of the season. NDVI measured with active and passive sensors were strongly correlated (r > 0.70) for the same plant species/groups. Although NDVI recorded by the active sensor was consistently lower than that of the passive sensor for the same plant species/groups, differences were small and likely due to the differing light sources used. Thus, it is evident that GRVI and NDVI measured with active and passive sensors captured similar vegetation attributes of High Arctic plants. Hence, inexpensive digital cameras can be used with passive and active NDVI devices to establish a near remote sensing network for monitoring changing vegetation dynamics in the High Arctic.
Dynamic Partitioning of Non-Uniform Structured Workloads with Spacefilling Curves

We discuss inverse spacefilling partitioning (ISP), a partitioning strategy for non-uniform scientific computations running on distributed memory MIMD parallel computers. We consider the case of a dynamic workload distributed on a uniform mesh, and compare ISP against orthogonal recursive bisection (ORE) and a median of medians variant of ORE, ORB-MM. We present two results. First, ISP and ORB-MM are superior to ORE in rendering balanced workloads-because they are more fine-grained-and incur communication overheads that are comparable to ORE. Second, ISP is more attractive than ORB-MM from a software engineering standpoint because it avoids elaborate bookkeeping. Whereas ISP partitionings can be described succinctly as logically contiguous segments of the line, ORB-MM's partitionings are inherently unstructured. We describe the general d-dimensional ISP algorithm and report empirical results with two- and three-dimensional, non-hierarchical particle methods.
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE OF CAPTIVE MULE DEER: A SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY1

In the past 12 years (1967–79) a syndrome we identify as chronic wasting disease has been observed in 53 mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) and one black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) held in captivity in several wildlife facilities in Colorado and more recently in Wyoming. Clinical signs were seen in adult deer and included behavioral alterations, progressive weight loss and death in 2 weeks to 8 months. Gross necropsy findings included emaciation and excess rumen fluid admixed with sand and gravel. Consistent histopathologic change was limited to the central nervous system and characterized by widespread spongiform transformation of the neuropil, single or multiple intracytoplasmic vacuoles in neuronal perikaryons and intense astrocytic hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Presented is a clinical characterization of chronic wasting disease and pathologic evidence supporting the conclusion that the disease is a specific spontaneously occurring form of spongiform encephalopathy.
Glutamatergic Neurotransmission and Neuronal Glucose Oxidation are Coupled during Intense Neuronal Activation

13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments have previously shown that glutamatergic neurotransmitter flux (Vcycle(Glu/Gln)) changes proportionately with neuronal glucose oxidation (CMRglc(ox)N) in the nonactivated cortex of anesthetized rats. Positron Emission Tomography measurements of glucose and oxygen uptake during sensory stimulation had shown that the incremental glucose utilization is greater than oxygen leading to the suggestion that the energy required for stimulated neuronal activity arises from nonoxidative glucose metabolism. In this study, the authors used spatially localized 1H-observed, 13C-edited NMR spectroscopy during an infusion of [1,6–13C2]glucose to assess the relationship between changes in Vcycle(Glu/Gln) and glucose utilization (CMRglc(ox)N and CMRglc(nonox)) during the intense cortical activity associated with bicuculline-induced seizures. Metabolic fluxes were determined by model-based analysis of the 13C-enrichment time courses of glutamate-C4 and glutamine-C4 (CMRglc(ox)N, Vcycle(Glu/Gln)) and lactate-C3 (CMRglc(nonox)). The exchange rate between α-ketoglutarate and glutamate was found to be significantly faster than TCA cycle flux both for control (41 μmol·g−1·min−1; 95% CI, 5 to 109 μmol·g−1·min−1) and during seizures (21 μmol·g−1·min−1; 95% CI, 4.4 to 51.8 μmol·g−1·min−1). During seizures, total glucose utilization (CMRglc(ox+nonox)) increased substantially (466% between 0 and 6 minutes; 277% between 6 and 55 minutes). Glucose oxidation (CMRglc(ox)N) also increased (214%; from 0.26 ± 0.02 to 0.57 ± 0.07 μmol·g−1·min−1) but to a lesser degree, resulting in a large increase in cortical lactate concentration. Vcycle(Glu/Gln) increased 233% (from 0.22 ± 0.04 to 0.52 ± 0.07 μmol·g−1·min−1), which was similar to the increase in glucose oxidation. The value of Vcycle(Glu/Gln) and CMRglc(ox)N obtained here lie on the line predicted in a previous study. These results indicate that neuronal glucose oxidation and not total glucose utilization is coupled to the glutamate/glutamine cycle during intense cortical activation.