Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Bidirectional Predictive Pathways between Dietary Restraint and Food Addiction in Adolescents

The relationship between food addiction, an important emerging construct of excessive eating pathology, and dietary restraint has yet to be fully understood. Eating disorder models commonly posit that dietary restraint exacerbates loss of control eating (e.g., binge episodes) and may also play a causal role in the development of food addiction. However, dietary restraint as a reaction to consequences of food addiction (e.g., uncontrollable eating or weight gain) represents another plausible pathway. Existing studies indicate that the association between food addiction and dietary restraint may be more significant during adolescence than adulthood, but are limited by cross-sectional study designs. A longitudinal study using an adolescent sample is ideal for investigating potential pathways underlying links between food addiction and dietary restraint. This study examined temporal pathways between food addiction and dietary restraint in a sample of one hundred twenty-seven adolescents (M = 14.8, SD = 1.1) at three timepoints spanning two years. This is the first study to examine longitudinal cross-lagged panel associations between food addiction and dietary restraint. In this adolescent sample, food addiction significantly predicted future dietary restraint (b = 0.25, SE = 0.06, p < 0.001), but dietary restraint did not significantly predict future food addiction (b = 0.06, SE = 0.05, p > 0.05). These findings support the theory that dietary restraint may be a reaction to deleterious effects of food addiction during adolescence.
Modeling 2D Material-Based Nanoelectronic Devices in the Presence of Defects

Two-dimensional materials promise excellent gate control and high drive currents at the ultimate scaling limit. However, numerous challenges must be overcome before silicon can potentially be replaced as the predominant channel material. For example, defects in two-dimensional materials and their vicinity pose a considerable challenge, as they have a sizable impact on the performance of such ultra-scaled devices.For enabling the transition from single lab-based devices to highly-integrated structures at an industrial scale, predictive modeling tools are required for devices based on two-dimensional semiconductors. Moreover, models for transport in nanoelectronic devices need to be efficiently coupled to physical defect models. This article presents multi-scale models for transport and defect simulations, linking them wherever possible. Based on the latest insights, important research questions for future studies are identified.
H∞ filter design for linear time‐invariant systems with polytopic uncertainties in finite frequency domain

This paper deals with the problem of finite frequency H∞ full‐order filter design for discrete‐time and continuous‐time linear systems, with polytopic uncertainties. Based on the generalized Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov lemma and a parameter‐dependent Lyapunov function, a set of sufficient conditions are established in terms of matrix inequalities, ensuring that the filtering error system is stable and the H∞ attenuation level, from disturbance to the estimation error, is smaller than a given value over a prescribed finite frequency domain of the external disturbances. Then, in order to linearize and relax the obtained matrix inequalities, we introduce a large number of slack variables by applying Finsler's lemma twice, which provides extra degrees of freedom in optimizing the guaranteed H∞ performance. This leads to performance improvement and reduction of conservatism in the solution. It is shown later that the robust filter gains can be obtained by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and the less conservatism of the proposed approach in comparison with the existing methods. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of periodontitis in young adults living with HIV/Aids using antiretroviral therapy

ABSTRACT The therapeutic management, as well as the HIV virus itself, has been associated with alterations at the bone level, which may also have a relationship with the maxillomandibular alveolar processes and potential development of periodontal diseases, especially periodontitis. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the periodontal health condition of young adults living with HIV/AIDS, through the measurement of the Periodontal Clinical Insertion Level (CAL) and to raise general data on the health conditions facing HIV and on the quality of life of this audience. Methods: Data were collected at a Reference Center for STI/AIDS in São Paulo - SP, Brazil. The method used was guided by previously validated indicators. In total, 31 individuals aged between 20 and 24 years, both genders and using TAAP were evaluated. For the analyses, the Excel Microsoft® software was used. Results: There was a prevalence of periodontitis in the assessed public of 45.17%. In view of the quality of life, the public was classified as “Regular” and no cases of Necrozing Periodontitis were observed, which is strongly associated with HIV infection. Conclusions: The evaluated public showed a high prevalence of periodontitis, which reinforces the importance of Dentistry in monitoring People Living with HIV/AIDS, in order to prevent the worsening of periodontal diseases.
Why spheroids orient preferentially in near-wall turbulence

Non-spherical particles are known to orient preferentially in near-wall turbulence, but rod-like and disk-like particles align themselves differently relative to the mean vorticity direction. To uncover the mechanism that gives rise to such preferential particle orientations in anisotropic turbulence, Lagrangian statistics from a channel-flow simulation have been analysed. Ni et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 743, 2014, R3) showed that the fluid vorticity and long rods independently aligned with the Lagrangian fluid stretching direction in isotropic turbulence. Following their approach, we deduced the left Cauchy–Green strain tensor along Lagrangian trajectories of tracer spheroids in channel-flow turbulence. The results showed that the alignment of the fluid vorticity vector with the strongest Lagrangian stretching direction in the channel centre, just as in isotropic turbulence, vanished in the vicinity of the walls. The analysis revealed that the directions of the strongest Lagrangian stretching and compression in near-wall turbulence are in the streamwise and wall-normal directions, respectively. All over the channel we found that the symmetry axis of prolate spheroids aligned with the direction of strongest Lagrangian stretching whereas oblate spheroids oriented with the direction of Lagrangian compression. This finding is apparently universal since the same trends were found in highly anisotropic wall turbulence as well as in isotropic turbulence. Contrary to the prevailing view, we have shown for the first time that the preferential orientation of the symmetry axis of long rods in the streamwise direction and of flat disks in the wall-normal direction is caused by Lagrangian stretching and not by fluid rotation. This finding fills a gap in our understanding of orientation and rotation of tracer spheroids in anisotropic wall turbulence.
Leaf Health Identification on Melon Plants Using Convolutional Neural Network

Plants require complete nutrients to grow well and produce good-quality products. Some examples of symptoms in plants that lack nutrients such as wrinkled leaves and slow ripening of fruit, so plants are less productive. Plants that lack nutrients are unhealthy plants. This research aims to identify healthy and unhealthy leaves on melon plants so that immediate action can be taken to deal with them. This research will be useful for melon farmers everywhere. The dataset used is data taken directly using a digital camera with the help of melon farmers to label each data, both healthy and unhealthy leaves. This research has two main works, they are the training process and the testing process. The proposed research uses the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method with 10 epochs. The test results on the 20-test data achieve 100% accuracy. We used accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score to evaluate the classification method.
Elective Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) for the Treatment of Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms of 5.0–5.5 cm: Differences between Men and Women

Background: There is significant debate regarding the existence of sex-related differences in the presentation, treatment, and outcomes of men versus women affected by abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The purpose of this study is to compare endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of infrarenal AAAs with the current sex-neutral 5.0–5.5 cm-diameter threshold for intervention between the two sexes. Methods: Retrospective review of consecutive cases from a single teaching institution over a period of five years of patients who had undergone elective EVAR for AAAs between 5.0 and 5.5 cm in diameter. Outcomes of interest were compared according to sex. Results: Ninety-four patients were included in the analysis, with a higher prevalence of men (53%). Females were older at the time of repair, 78 ± 5.1 years, versus 71.7 ± 7 years (p < 0.01), and had higher incidence of underlying comorbidities, namely, arrhythmia, chronic kidney disease, and previous carotid revascularization. Women had higher incidence of immediate systemic complications (p = 0.021), post-operative AMI (p = 0.001), arrhythmia (p = 0.006), pulmonary oedema (p < 0.001), and persistent renal dysfunction (p = 0.029). Multivariate analysis for post-operative factors associated to mortality and adjusted for sex confirmed that AMI (p = 0.015), arrhythmia (p = 0.049), pulmonary oedema (p = 0.015), persistent renal dysfunction (p < 0.001), cerebral ischemia (p < 0.001), arterial embolism of lower limbs (p < 0.001), and deep-vein thrombosis of lower limbs (p < 0.001) were associated to higher EVAR-related mortality; a higher incidence of post-operative AMI (p = 0.014), pulmonary edema (p = 0.034), and arterial embolism of lower limbs (p = 0.046) were associated to higher 30-days mortality. In females there was also a higher rate of suprarenal fixation (p = 0.026), insertion outside the instruction for use (p = 0.035), and a more hostile neck anatomy with different proximal aortic diameter (p < 0.001) and angle (p = 0.003). Conclusions: A similar threshold of size of AAA for elective surgery for both males and females might not be appropriate for surgical intervention, as females tend to have worse outcomes. Further population-based studies are needed to guide on sex-related differences and intervention on AAA.
Substrate integrated waveguide circularly polarized horn‐dipole antenna with improved gain

A substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) horn antenna is combined with a dipole to achieve circular polarization (CP). First, it is established that CP can be achieved by combining a horn and a dipole. To excite the dipole, double‐sided tapered and balanced transmission lines are employed at the central part of the horn aperture. Secondly, after the position and the size of the dipole are determined, a directional circularly polarized beam in the plane of the substrate is achieved. Finally, the proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. Experimental results are in good agreement with simulations. Measured results show that an effective bandwidth of 5% for axial ratio (AR) less than 3 dB and return loss (RL) better than 10 dB from 11.8 to 12.4 GHz is achieved. In particular, the maximum gain of the proposed antenna is as high as 7.5 dBi due to the design of the horn structure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2973–2977, 2016
Nucleolar- and Nuclear-Stress-Induced Membrane-Less Organelles: A Proteome Analysis through the Prism of Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation

Radical changes in the idea of the organization of intracellular space that occurred in the early 2010s made it possible to consider the formation and functioning of so-called membrane-less organelles (MLOs) based on a single physical principle: the liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) of biopolymers. Weak non-specific inter- and intramolecular interactions of disordered polymers, primarily intrinsically disordered proteins, and RNA, play a central role in the initiation and regulation of these processes. On the other hand, in some cases, the “maturation” of MLOs can be accompanied by a “liquid–gel” phase transition, where other types of interactions can play a significant role in the reorganization of their structure. In this work, we conducted a bioinformatics analysis of the propensity of the proteomes of two membrane-less organelles, formed in response to stress in the same compartment, for spontaneous phase separation and examined their intrinsic disorder predispositions. These MLOs, amyloid bodies (A-bodies) formed in the response to acidosis and heat shock and nuclear stress bodies (nSBs), are characterized by a partially overlapping composition, but show different functional activities and morphologies. We show that the proteomes of these biocondensates are differently enriched in proteins, and many have high potential for spontaneous LLPS that correlates with the different morphology and function of these organelles. The results of these analyses allowed us to evaluate the role of weak interactions in the formation and functioning of these important organelles.
TWO ALGORITHMS OF THE EXTENDED PSO FAMILY

Abstract: In this paper we present two novel algorithms belonging to the extended family of PSO: the PP-GPSO and the RR-GPSO. These algorithms correspond respectively to progressive and regressive discretizations in acceleration and velocity. PP-GPSO has the same velocity update than GPSO, but the velocities used to update the trajectories are delayed one iteration, thus, PP-GPSO acts as a Jacobi system updating positions and velocities at the same time. RR-GPSO is similar to a GPSO with stochastic constriction factor. Both versions have a very different behavior from GPSO and the other family members introduced in the past: CC-GPSO and CP-GPSO. The numerical comparison of all the family members has shown that RR-GPSO has the greatest convergence rate and its good parameter sets can be calculated analytically since they are along a straight line located in the first order stability region. Conversely PP-GPSO is a more explorative version.
Cox Point Processes: Why One Realisation Is Not Enough

We review a rich class of point process models, Cox point processes, and illustrate the necessity of more than one observation (point patterns) in performing parameter estimation. Furthermore, we introduce a new Cox point process model by treating the intensity function of the underlying Poisson point process as a random mixture of normal components. The behaviour and performance of the new model are compared with those of popular Cox point process models. The new model is exemplified with an application that involves a single point pattern corresponding to earthquake events in California, USA.
Linked Micro Parts Referencing System

For simplified processing, micro parts are handled as linked parts. The length of the frame structure of these linked parts can change during a multi-stage production process especially when forming is included. Hence, the positions of individual parts are not constant within the linkage. An individual referencing of the parts becomes necessary in each production step. In this paper, a visual high-speed on-line part referencing system is presented and analyzed. Especially, the trade-off between the highest possible feed velocity and the demand of high accuracy in micro production is taken into account. In addition to this general characterization application related testing with stepwise positioning is performed.
Assessing equatorial surface currents in the FOAM Global and Indian Ocean models against observations from the global tropical moored buoy array

Surface currents from 2007–2008 hindcasts of the Forecast Ocean Assimilation Model (FOAM) Global and Indian Ocean models are assessed against observations at 46 global tropical moored buoy array sites. Zonal (u) currents are less challenging to model than meridional flows (v) due to their lower frequency variability. The assimilative global model has reasonable skill for zonal currents but less skill for meridional currents. The assimilative models have higher skill than the corresponding non-assimilative models. A too-strong westward bias of the order of 20cm/s is evident along the equator in all model versionsused in this study. No extra skill is evident in the high resolution (1/12°) regional model compared to the coarser resolution (1/4°) global model.
- and -Norm Joint Regularization Based Sparse Signal Reconstruction Scheme

Many problems in signal processing and statistical inference involve finding sparse solution to some underdetermined linear system of equations. This is also the application condition of compressive sensing (CS) which can find the sparse solution from the measurements far less than the original signal. In this paper, we propose - and -norm joint regularization based reconstruction framework to approach the original -norm based sparseness-inducing constrained sparse signal reconstruction problem. Firstly, it is shown that, by employing the simple conjugate gradient algorithm, the new formulation provides an effective framework to deduce the solution as the original sparse signal reconstruction problem with -norm regularization item. Secondly, the upper reconstruction error limit is presented for the proposed sparse signal reconstruction framework, and it is unveiled that a smaller reconstruction error than -norm relaxation approaches can be realized by using the proposed scheme in most cases. Finally, simulation results are presented to validate the proposed sparse signal reconstruction approach.
Young People's Attitudes towards Democracy and Political Participation: Evidence from a Cross-European Study

Some scholars warn about democratic disaffection of young people potentially leading to processes of ‘democratic deconsolidation’. Conversely, others interpret young people's preference for non-conventional forms of participation as a manifestation of democratic renewal. We surveyed respondents from nine European countries and analysed differences in attitudes of opposition to democracy across age groups and how these preferences shape political mobilization. Our findings show that the youngest adult group is no less supportive of liberal democracy than older age groups. Second, although attitudes of opposition towards democracy decrease political mobilization, this association is independent of age. Thus, young people's critical views of democracy rarely translate into apathy for democracy. Finally, our results provide insights into intra-generational democratic attitude differences by showing how young people's individual attributes are likely to crystallize into different value configurations and patterns of democratic engagement over time but within specific contexts.
Multi-scale computation methods: Their applications in lithium-ion battery research and development

Based upon advances in theoretical algorithms, modeling and simulations, and computer technologies, the rational design of materials, cells, devices, and packs in the field of lithium-ion batteries is being realized incrementally and will at some point trigger a paradigm revolution by combining calculations and experiments linked by a big shared database, enabling accelerated development of the whole industrial chain. Theory and multi-scale modeling and simulation, as supplements to experimental efforts, can help greatly to close some of the current experimental and technological gaps, as well as predict path-independent properties and help to fundamentally understand path-independent performance in multiple spatial and temporal scales.
Post-pinch-off relaxation of two-dimensional droplets in a Hele-Shaw cell

We report on the shape relaxation of 2D droplets, formed right after the spontaneous pinch-off of a capillary bridge-droplet confined within a Hele-Shaw cell. An array of bridge-droplets confined within a microchip device first undergo neck thinning due to the evaporation driven volume change. Subsequently, an abrupt topological change transforms each bridge-droplet into a small central satellite droplet and the twin-droplets pinned at the edges of the cell. We monitor the shape relaxation with high temporal resolution optical microscopy. Capillary action drives the 2D shape relaxation, while the viscous dissipation in the film retards it. As a result, the tip of the twin-droplets exhibit a self-similar parabolic shape evolution. Based on these observations, the lubrication-approximation model accurately predicts the internal pressure evolution and the droplet tip displacement. The geometrical confinement substantially slows down the dynamics, facilitating visualization of the capillary-viscous regime, even for low viscosity liquids. The characteristic relaxation timescale shows an explicit dependence on the confinement ratio (width/gap) and the capillary-velocity of liquid. We verify the broad applicability of the model using different liquids.
Lubrication of asymmetric rollers considering viscosity as function of mean temperature

A theoretical analysis of an asymmetric roller bearing system with cavitation that is hydro-dynamically lightly loaded and lubricated by a thin, incompressible fluid is presented. The lubricant adheres to the non-Newtonian Bingham plastic fluid concept, in which the viscosity of the fluid should change depending on the mean film temperature. The continuity and momentum equations, which regulate fluid flow, are first solved analytically and then numerically using MATLAB. Through graphs and tables, some key bearing features are addressed and further explained. This leads to the conclusion that there is a discernible difference between Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids in terms of pressure, temperature, load, and traction. The findings are good in line with the body of literature.
Male Victims of Sexual Abuse: Impact and Resilience Processes, a Qualitative Study

The increasing prevalence of sexual abuse calls for exceptional awareness of its multidimensional impact on the mental, sexual, and social wellbeing of male adults. This study aims to deepen the overall understanding of sexual abuse consequences; to highlight some common resilience factors; and to strengthen therapeutic and social support. In this qualitative research, we conducted seven semi-structured interviews with male victims of sexual violence. The data were analysed with the interpretative phenomenological analysis. They shed light on the great suffering linked to sexual violence, and on seven themes which are seemingly pillars of resilience: bond to others, bond to the body, making sense of things, expression, rediscovering oneself, institutions, and finally, learning and commitment. The exploration of these themes reveals several avenues for adjusting care, most of which imply the importance of raising awareness so that spaces receiving the victims’ word can emerge.