Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of Osteoarthritis using Knee X-Ray Image Analyses: A Machine Vision based Approach

Osteoarthritis is one of the popular causes of debility in elderly & overweight people. Osteoarthritis is a joint disease that invades the cartilage of bigger joints like knee, hip, feet and spine. Cartilage helps the easy glide of bones & obstructs them from rubbing each other. In Osteoarthritis cartilage is ruptured due to which bones start kneading each other with a severe pain. The scenario for the evaluation of Osteoarthritis includes clinical examination & various medical imaging techniques. In this work the authors have used Active contour segmentation technique to segment the portion/part of the knee X-ray image to diagnosis the disease. The numerous features like Haralick, Statistical, First four moments, Texture and Shape are computed and classified using Random Forest classifier. The proposed method gives the classification accuracy rate of 87.92% which are more competitive and promising with the existing algorithms.
Functional Recovery Following Stroke

Background and purpose. Augmenting changes in recovery is core to the rehabilitation process following a stroke. Hence it is essential that outcome measures are able to detect change as it occurs, a property known as responsiveness. This article critically reviewed the responsiveness of functional outcome measures following stroke, specifically examining tools that captured upper-extremity (UE) functional recovery. Methods. A systematic search of the literature was undertaken to identify articles providing responsiveness data for 3 types of change (observed, detectable, and important). Results. Data from 68 articles for 14 UE functional outcome measures were retrieved. Larger percentage changes were required to be considered important when obtained through anchor-based methods (eg, based on patient opinion or comparative measure) compared with distribution methods (eg, statistical estimates). Larger percentage changes were required to surpass the measurement error for patient-perceived functional measures (eg, Motor Activity Log) compared with laboratory-based performance measures (eg, Action Research Arm Test). The majority of rehabilitation interventions have similar effect sizes on patient-perceived UE function and laboratory-based UE function. Conclusions. The magnitude of important change or change that surpasses measurement error can vary substantially depending on the method of calculation. Rehabilitation treatments can affect patient perceptions of functional change as effectively as laboratory-based functional measures; however, larger sample sizes may be required to account for the larger measurement error associated with patient-perceived functional measures.
‘I will be “fighting” even more for pupils with SEN’: SENCOs’ role predictions in the changing English policy context

The Coalition Government's ‘Green Paper’ (DfE 2011) proposes a systemic overhaul of services for pupils with special educational needs in England, with increased parental choice of provision and ‘sharper accountability’ (p. 67) in schools. Deadlines for various stages of this reform have not been met, and its final nature remains uncertain. This paper reveals SENCOs' insights into their changing role in this turbulent policy context. This is achieved through the thematic analysis of 227 responses to an ‘open-ended’ question in the national Special Educational Needs Coordinator (SENCO) Survey 2012. Findings from this sample indicate that SENCOs predict that schools in England will become more inclusive, with greater shared responsibility for achievement for all, and SENCOs' increased involvement in staff training and other whole school capacity-building activities. Respondents predict a greater partnership with parents, for whom they will provide advice and links to other services. They foresee their reduced involvement in direct teaching and an intensification of their work in other ways, especially in terms of paperwork associated with pupil tracking and other accountability measures. These changes are anticipated against a backdrop of resource cuts, requiring SENCOs to show increasing self-reliance and imagination.
Is attention necessary for perceiving gaze direction? It depends on how you look at it: Evidence from the locus-of-slack method

Several researchers have studied how we process and perceive gaze direction. However, it is still unclear at which perceptual stage of gaze processing (encoding or/and categorization), attention is required to judge gaze direction. We report a study in which we manipulated the difficulty of gaze perceptual judgements (easy vs. difficult) and used the locus-of-slack method to test the role of different types of attention (spatial and central) in the encoding and categorization of gaze direction. In Experiment 1 we used the spatial cueing paradigm to investigate if gaze direction judgements can be carried out while spatial attention is diverted. In Experiment 2 we used the psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm to determine whether judgement of gaze direction involves central attention processes. The findings demonstrate that gaze judgements require input attention (both for the encoding and categorization stage) but not central attention. The implications of the results are discussed.
Assessing water footprint at river basin level: a case study for the Heihe River Basin in northwest China

Increasing water scarcity places considerable importance on the quantification of water footprint (WF) at different levels. Despite progress made previously, there are still very few WF studies focusing on specific river basins, especially for those in arid and semi-arid regions. The aim of this study is to quantify WF within the Heihe River Basin (HRB), a basin located in the arid and semi-arid northwest of China. The findings show that the WF was 1768 million m3 yr−1 in the HRB over 2004–2006. Agricultural production was the largest water consumer, accounting for 96% of the WF (92% for crop production and 4% for livestock production). The remaining 4% was for the industrial and domestic sectors. The "blue" (surface- and groundwater) component of WF was 811 million m3 yr−1. This indicates a blue water proportion of 46%, which is much higher than the world average and China's average, which is mainly due to the aridness of the HRB and a high dependence on irrigation for crop production. However, even in such a river basin, blue WF was still smaller than "green" (soil water) WF, indicating the importance of green water. We find that blue WF exceeded blue water availability during eight months per year and also on an annual basis. This indicates that WF of human activities was achieved at a cost of violating environmental flows of natural freshwater ecosystems, and such a WF pattern is not sustainable. Considering the large WF of crop production, optimizing the crop planting pattern is often a key to achieving more sustainable water use in arid and semi-arid regions
Language control in bilinguals: Monolingual tasks and simultaneous interpreting

The typical speech of (fluent) bilinguals in monolingual settings contains few switches into the non-target language. Apparently, bilinguals can control what language they output. This article discusses views on how bilinguals exert control over their two languages in monolingual tasks, where participants only have to implicate one of their languages in performing the task, and in translation and, especially, simultaneous interpreting, tasks that can only be performed if both languages are addressed. A distinction is made between “global” control, where control involves the activation and/or inhibition of complete language systems, and “local” control, where control impacts on a restricted set of memory representations. A number of studies suggest that bilingual control is a special case of the control of action in general. This insight suggests an opportunity to incorporate relevant work in the field of translation studies in the study of bilingual control, embedding it in the same theoretical framework.
Surgical Skills Classification Using Deep Learning Models: A Comprehensive Survey

In the medical domain, evaluating surgical skills is paramount for ensuring the safety and quality of services, yet current methods suffer from biases, inefficiencies, and subjective assessments. This study introduces an automated, objective approach utilizing advanced technologies, including deep learning, to assess and categorize surgeons' proficiency levels. Exploring various deep neural network models, the research aims to enhance efficiency, overcome subjectivity-related challenges, and improve the precision of skill ratings. By automating the assessment process, the initiative provides unbiased feedback to surgeons, reducing the likelihood of errors and ultimately elevating patient safety and treatment quality. The study's outcomes have the potential to revolutionize surgical training and assessment, aligning with the evolving healthcare environment to promote continuous improvement in patient outcomes. This paradigm shift underscores the significance of incorporating automation for unbiased evaluations, thereby positively impacting the healthcare sector.
A Review and Meta-Analysis of Multimodal Affect Detection Systems

Affect detection is an important pattern recognition problem that has inspired researchers from several areas. The field is in need of a systematic review due to the recent influx of Multimodal (MM) affect detection systems that differ in several respects and sometimes yield incompatible results. This article provides such a survey via a quantitative review and meta-analysis of 90 peer-reviewed MM systems. The review indicated that the state of the art mainly consists of person-dependent models (62.2% of systems) that fuse audio and visual (55.6%) information to detect acted (52.2%) expressions of basic emotions and simple dimensions of arousal and valence (64.5%) with feature- (38.9%) and decision-level (35.6%) fusion techniques. However, there were also person-independent systems that considered additional modalities to detect nonbasic emotions and complex dimensions using model-level fusion techniques. The meta-analysis revealed that MM systems were consistently (85% of systems) more accurate than their best unimodal counterparts, with an average improvement of 9.83% (median of 6.60%). However, improvements were three times lower when systems were trained on natural (4.59%) versus acted data (12.7%). Importantly, MM accuracy could be accurately predicted (cross-validated R2 of 0.803) from unimodal accuracies and two system-level factors. Theoretical and applied implications and recommendations are discussed.
Diagnosis and Genotyping Detection of Entamoeba Spp . in Human and Some Animals

The purpose of this study was diagnosed of genotypes of Entamoeba spp. By using the PCR method and for identify some of the species that infect humans and animals using the Nested -PCR , registered as infection of Cows and Sheep with (E.histolytica; E.dispar; E. bovis ) and infection human with (E.histolytica; E.dispar) only. RT-PCR Method used to amplification of SREHP gene using SYBR GreenI dye and melting curve analysis was done , total (46) specimens which were positive by microscopic and PCR examination to E.histolytica were selected and the experiment for the period from the beginning October 2014 until the end of March 2015, shows the presence of (5) genotypes track melting temperatures (84; 83; 82; 81 ; 79) , genotype (II) was the most common compare with genotype (V) which minimal, Devoid sheep samples from the presence of genotypes (I; III; IV), while (genotype III) presence with the highest proportion in Cows, which refers to the high virulence of genotypes (II ,III) and lack of ability genotypes (genotype I; III; IV) on the infected sheep.
Extending Containers to Address the Main Problems of Persistent Object-Oriented Operating Systems : Clustering , Memory Protection and Schema Evolution

When designing and implementing any persistent system, there are three main problems that must be addressed: clustering, memory protection and schema evolution. In this article we present a novel approach using a model based on the concept of container, and we compare this approach with the orthogonal persistence model. From the architecture of object-oriented operating systems, a container is a kind of cluster extended to the higher layers of the operating system. We will show how this model presents some valuable advantages when compared with other persistent systems. This model has been successfully implemented in Barbados (Cooper, 1997), a Persistent Programming Environment, and initial performance tests support our conclusions.
Academic optimism and community engagement in urban schools

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships among academic optimism, community engagement, and student achievement in urban elementary schools across one district.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from all 35 urban elementary schools across one district in Virginia, USA. Correlation, multiple regression, and factor analyses were used to test the hypotheses.Findings – In schools where the faculty are optimistic that their students can succeed despite the obstacle of low socioeconomic status (SES) and where the community is engaged, students are more likely to achieve at higher levels. Findings of this study also supported that community engagement, collective efficacy, trust in clients, and academic press do act as predictors to collectively influence student achievement.Research limitations/implications – The Goddard measure for collective efficacy was replaced with one developed for more challenging settings such as urban schools.Practical implications – Academic o.
Emotional and Cognitive Antecedents of Customer Satisfaction in Leisure Services: The Case of the Rostock Zoo

ABSTRACT This study develops and tests a model that depicts how cognitive and emotional evaluations relate to customer satisfaction in leisure services. The model is tested within the context of visitors to the Rostock Zoo in Germany. Results of the study show that consumer satisfaction with leisure services is a function of both cognitive and affective evaluations where the affective evaluations dominate. Implications of the results are discussed.
Conventional and Heterogeneous Cascade Reservoir Computing for Arrhythmia Detection: A Comparative Study

Cardiovascular diseases are considered the pri-mary cause of mortality on a global scale according to the World Health Organization (WHO). As a result of the simplicity, safety, and capability of capturing heart conditions, the electrocardio-gram (ECG) signal is extensively employed to tackle the issue of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In this study, we performed a comparative study between two reservoir computing (RC)-based arrhythmia classifiers. A conventional R C and a cascade one. We cascade a typical RC with a next-generation RC (NG-RC). This study is assessed utilizing the MIT-BIH database according to the guidelines recommended by the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI). Here, we will consider intra- and inter-patient paradigms. The outcomes achieved by implementing the proposed classifiers convention RC and cascade RCs are an overall accuracy of 98.67% and 98.89% for intra-patient scenarios and 95.98% and 95.21 % for inter-patient cases, respectively. These results show that the cascade-based classifier enhances classification accuracy compared to the typical RC-based detector. However, NG-RC-based RCs don't perform well in the classification context when the inter-patient paradigm is considered.
Relationship between burnout and occupational stress among nurses in China.

AIM This article is a report of a study of occupational burnout among nurses in China. BACKGROUND Burnout is described as feelings of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. It is well-known that burnout is a major problem for many professions. Nurses are considered to be particularly susceptible to this. Measuring burnout among nurses is important because their well-being has implications for stability in the healthcare workforce and for the quality of care provided. METHOD The sample consisted of 495 nurses from three provincial hospitals in China. The Maslach Burnout Inventory -- General Survey (MBI-GS) was used to measure burnout, and the Occupational Stress Inventory -- Revised edition was used to measure two dimensions of occupational adjustment (occupational stress and coping resources). After statistical testing for validity and reliability of the MBI-GS with nurses in China, participants' scores were evaluated and analysed. RESULTS Scores for burnout of surgical and medical nurses were statistically significantly higher than those of other nurses (P < 0.05). Lower educational status was associated with lower professional efficacy, and younger nurses reported higher levels of burnout. The most significant predictors of emotional exhaustion were role overload, responsibility, role insufficiency and self-care (P < 0.05). The most significant predictors of cynicism were role insufficiency, role boundary, responsibility and self-care (P < 0.05). The most significant predictors of professional efficacy were role insufficiency, social support and rational/cognitive coping (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION It is important to reduce occupational stress in nurses and to strengthen their coping resources to prevent burnout. This could be achieved with job redesign, modification of shiftwork systems, and by offering occupational health education.
Differences in interaction patterns and perception for teleoperated and autonomous humanoid robots

As the linguistic capabilities of interactive robots advance, it becomes increasingly important to understand how humans will instruct robots through natural language. What is more, with the increased use of teleoperated humanoid robots, it is important to recognize whether any differences between instructions given to humans and to robots are due to the physical embodiment or to the perceived autonomy of the instructee. In this paper, we present the results of a human-subject experiment in which participants interacted in a collaborative, task-based setting with both a human and a suit-based, teleoperated humanoid robot said to be either autonomous or teleoperated. Our results suggest that humans will use politeness strategies equally with human, autonomous robotic, and teleoperated robotic teammates, reinforcing recent findings that autonomous robots must comprehend and appropriately respond to human utterances that follow such strategies. Our results also suggest variations in how different teammates were perceived. Specifically, our results suggest that human-teleoperated robots were perceived as less intelligent than human teammates; a finding with serious implications for human-robot team dynamics.
c-Fos immunoreactivity in prefrontal, basal ganglia and limbic areas of the rat brain after central and peripheral administration of ethanol and its metabolite acetaldehyde

Considerable evidence indicates that the metabolite of ethanol (EtOH), acetaldehyde, is biologically active. Acetaldehyde can be formed from EtOH peripherally mainly by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and also centrally by catalase. EtOH and acetaldehyde show differences in their behavioral effects depending upon the route of administration. In terms of their effects on motor activity and motivated behaviors, when administered peripherally acetaldehyde tends to be more potent than EtOH but shows very similar potency administered centrally. Since dopamine (DA) rich areas have an important role in regulating both motor activity and motivation, the present studies were undertaken to compare the effects of central (intraventricular, ICV) and peripheral (intraperitoneal, IP) administration of EtOH and acetaldehyde on a cellular marker of brain activity, c-Fos immunoreactivity, in DA innervated areas. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received an IP injection of vehicle, EtOH (0.5 or 2.5 g/kg) or acetaldehyde (0.1 or 0.5 g/kg) or an ICV injection of vehicle, EtOH or acetaldehyde (2.8 or 14.0 μmoles). IP administration of EtOH minimally induced c-Fos in some regions of the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia, mainly at the low dose (0.5 g/kg), while IP acetaldehyde induced c-Fos in virtually all the structures studied at both doses. Acetaldehyde administered centrally increased c-Fos in all areas studied, a pattern that was very similar to EtOH. Thus, IP administered acetaldehyde was more efficacious than EtOH at inducing c-Fos expression. However, the general pattern of c-Fos induction promoted by ICV EtOH and acetaldehyde was similar. These results are consistent with the pattern observed in behavioral studies in which both substances produced the same magnitude of effect when injected centrally, and produced differences in potency after peripheral administration.
Approaches to Feature Selection for Document Categorization

One of the problems faced by document categorization is that terms present in the collection of example documents are numerous. From the point of view of coherence between the models used in document categorization, we analyses the frameworks of both k-NN and NB categorization models and feature selection problem. Two algorithms CBA and IBA to feature selection are proposed. The empirical results done with k-NN and NB classifiers show that the coherence between models in the categorization system can bring benefits for performance.
A population-based study of the incidence and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disease in San Francisco, 2004-2005.

BACKGROUND Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections have become a major public health problem in both the community and hospitals. Few studies have characterized the incidence and clonal composition of disease-causing strains in an entire population. Our objective was to perform a population-based survey of the clinical and molecular epidemiology of MRSA disease in San Francisco, California. METHODS We prospectively collected 3985 MRSA isolates and associated clinical and demographic information over a 12-month period (2004-2005) at 9 San Francisco-area medical centers. A random sample of 801 isolates was selected for molecular analysis. RESULTS The annual incidence of community-onset MRSA disease among San Francisco residents was 316 cases per 100,000 population, compared with 31 cases per 100,000 population for hospital-onset disease. Persons who were aged 35-44 years, were men, and were black had the highest incidence of community-onset disease. The USA300 MRSA clone accounted for 234 cases of community-onset disease and 15 cases of hospital-onset disease per 100,000 population, constituting an estimated 78.5% and 43.4% of all cases of MRSA disease, respectively. Patients with community-onset USA300 MRSA versus non-USA300 MRSA disease were more likely to be male, be of younger age, and have skin and soft-tissue infections. USA300 strains were generally more susceptible to multiple antibiotics, although decreased susceptibility to tetracycline was observed in both community-onset (P = .008) and hospital-onset (P = .03) USA300 compared to non-USA300 strains. CONCLUSIONS The annual incidence of community-onset MRSA disease in San Francisco is substantial, surpassing that of hospital-onset disease. USA300 is the predominant clone in both the community and hospitals. The dissemination of USA300 from the community into the hospital setting has blurred its distinction as a community-associated pathogen.