Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Entrepreneurial Theory of the Firm

The role of the entrepreneur is the most fundamental issue addressed by the modern theory of the firm.Coordination, an improvement in the allocation of resources, in a volatile economy depends on the continuing synthesis of new information.Processing this information requires a division of labor between and among observers and synthesizers. The synthesis of information about changes in persistent factors requires the judgment of the entrepreneur. Using their firms as a legal shell, entrepreneurs implement their coordination projects by borrowing money and using it to buy or rent productive resources. In negotiating for these resources, entrepreneurs are careful not to give away crucial information on which their synthesis is based. Entrepreneurs are also organizers in that they must internalize the market and the design of organizational structures since they cannot patent their own ideas. Finally, entrepreneurs must create trust through moral values in order to enforce business contracts and to create an environment in which risky coordination products can take place.Entrepreneurship therefore requires a degree of consensus on moral issues. (SAA)
Analysis: Theory and Practice

There are several sections. The goal is to link complex analysis and imbeddings of graphs so that graph imbeddings can be performed systematically using identification spaces based on group actions in the complex plane. We give a short primer of basic calculus and then explain some of the finer aspects that obfuscate a complete solution to the Riemann Hypothesis. This is not central to our main goal. However, the exercise is meant to help the reader familiarize themselves with integration in the complex plane. The goal was to juxtapose various topics in the fields of combinatorics and analysis. There is one main theorem that explains the treatment of functions on adjacency matrices. Section 1. Basic Calculus. Subsets of power sets form a calculus on a space if the operations union and intersection based in the original subset form a σ-algebra over the entire space. The development of limits is crucial to the understanding of basic calculus and analysis. The Bolzano-Weierstrass result is that every infinite sequence in a closed and bounded set has an accumulation point. A space U is compact if and only if every open cover has a finite subcover. A closed and bounded set is compact, but the coverse is not necessarily true. If a set is compact and closed, then it is also complete. Any Cauchy sequence has a limit, where a Cauchy sequence is one such that for all > 0 there is N such that if m,n > N the distance between xn and xm, has |xn − xm| < . If every Cauchy sequence in a space U is also convergent, then U is sequentially compact. Every compact set is sequentially compact. The space U is a complete space if and only if every sequence {xn} ⊂ U which is Cauchy has xn → x ∈ U. That is, complete spaces contain all the limit points of all the sequences in U. A complete space is closed; likewise, any closed subset of a complete space is also complete. Let f, g be continuous on a finite closed interval and have derivatives on the corresponding interior K of the interval. Theorem 1 (IVT). Then there exists c ∈ K such that f ′(c)[g(b)−g(a)] = g′(c)[f(b)− f(a)]. Theorem 2 (Power Rule). The derivative of f(x) = x has f ′(x) = nxn−1. If a derivative of a function is strictly positive on an interval then the function is strictly increasing on that same interval. If f is defined on a closed interval, then the maxima of f occurs when f ′(0) or at one or both of the endpoints of the interval. Theorem 3 (Chain Rule). If f ◦ g(x) is differentiated relative to the variable x, then [f ◦ g(x)]′ = [f ′ ◦ g(x)][g′(x)]. 1
T.A.C: augmented reality system for collaborative tele-assistance in the field of maintenance through internet

In this paper we shall present the T.A. C. (Télé-Assistance-Collaborative) system whose aim is to combine remote collaboration and industrial maintenance. T.A. C. enables the copresence of parties within the framework of a supervised maintenance task to be remotely "simulated" thanks to augmented reality (AR) and audio-video communication. To support such cooperation, we propose a simple way of interacting through our O.A. P. paradigm and AR goggles specially developed for the occasion. The handling of 3D items to reproduce gestures and an additional knowledge management tool (e-portfolio, feedback, etc) also enables this solution to satisfy the new needs of industry.
Wireless Sensor Networks Testbeds and State-of-the-Art Multimedia Sensor Nodes

In recent years, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) attracted researchers' attention. This has led to advancements made in both hardware design and software components. The research at the hardware level has resulted in a variant of WSN called Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs). WSNs have application in battlefields, industrial process monitoring, and environmental monitoring, to name but a few. Furthermore, WMSNs have the potential for real-time object detection and recognition. It can be used to locate misplaced items, assisted living, helping people with cognitive impairme nts, species detection, and providing real-time images for many other surveillance-based applications. Thus, such networks need to operate in a diverse environment. Researchers invariably test their designed algorithms and protocols using simulation tools. Simulators do not accurately model the environment in which such networks are deployed. Therefore, there exists many WSNs and WMSNs testbeds. These testbeds enable researchers and programmers to validate the performance of their algorithms and protocols on a physical network. In this paper, we provide a detailed description of various state-of-the-art WSN testbeds. We have evaluated these state-of-the-art testbeds on a set of metrics. Furthermore, we survey the state-of-the-art in wireless multimedia sensor nodes hardware along with their eminent features.
Why Have South African Smallholders Largely Abandoned Arable Production in Fields? A Case Study

Our article concerns the decline in arable production in the former homelands of South Africa – part of a longer-term trend that has probably accelerated since the mid 1990s. Our material is taken largely from interviews in Mbotyi village on the Eastern Cape coast, where rainfall is high. Even here, arable fields have largely been left fallow in recent years. Our interviews confirm that people in Mbotyi believe that there has been a marked and sharp decline in cultivation. While the general phenomenon that we are exploring is quite widely accepted in academic literature, explanations are less certain and it is difficult to rank the causes. Our aim is to contribute to this debate by considering especially people’s own perceptions. An investigation on a micro-scale allows for a multi-faceted analysis of the range of issues that confront cultivation in Mbotyi – a complex mix of disincentives that includes environmental problems, cost and risk, declining patriarchy and changing attitudes to work. We believe that it is important to engage with popular perspectives and understandings of these issues. Our analysis places at its centre a shortage of labour for agricultural purposes, despite high unemployment in the village. We conclude by suggesting some of the implications of this analysis for land reform and the priorities for agricultural policy in the former homelands.
TESTS FOR COSMOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF A BRANE UNIVERSE MODEL

The relativistic Friedmann Lemaitre cosmology model (FLCM) is very sucessful in describing the evolution history of the Universe from the "First three Minutes". Any alternative model should be consistent with the FLCM explanations to the later stage evolutions of the Universe at certain points. A noncompact extra dimension model was recently proposed by Randall and Sundrum. Binetruy et at. obtained the modified Friedmann equation, in which the energy density of the brane appears quadratically in contrast with the linear behavior of the standard Friedmann equation. We investigate various kinds of classical cosmological effects of the new models and get a general solution of the cosmic evolution for this extended model, with more detail discussions of the brane tension parameter on these cosmological tests.
Efficient Secure Protocols to Determine Whether a Point is inside a Convex Hull

Secure Multi-party Computation (SMC) is dedicated to solve trust problems in cooperative computing with each participant’s private data. Privacy Preserving Computational Geometry (PPCG) is a special area in SMC and is being widely used. This paper investigates the problem of judging whether a point is in a convex hull or not. We firstly present a secure protocol to determine the position of a private point and a private line, based on which two efficient point-inclusion schemes are proposed. Compared with previous solutions, our protocols perform better in efficiency, especially when the number of the convex hull’s points is large.
Incorporating Genetic Information Into Conservation Planning for California Valley Oak

Many plant species are of sufficient ecological importance to merit species-specific conservation plans. For species threatened by land use change, protected areas will be a key element of their conservation strategy. It can be particularly challenging to identify which sites to preserve for broadly distributed species such as California valley oak (Quercus lobata Née) that possess geographically structured genetic variation. Here, we investigate the use of molecular markers to identify populations of high genetic diversity or high genetic uniqueness for designing a network of protected areas. In an earlier study, we sampled individuals from 32 valley oak populations distributed throughout the species range and determined their genotypes based on chloroplast haplotypes (six primers) and nuclear genetic markers (seven primers). Our findings from that study indicated a north-south gradient in genotypes and significant genetic differences between western and eastern populations. For this paper, we analyzed the data from a reserve design perspective. We conclude that a minimum of six of 32 locations would be needed to represent genetic variation as indicated by chloroplast DNA and at least 10 of 37 locations would be required to represent genetic variation as indicated by allelic variation in nuclear DNA. The analysis suggests that an efficient reserve network for protecting genetic variation in the species can be developed by including sites of high allelic diversity that are also complementary in their allelic composition. Many factors need to be considered in locating reserves, notably site biotic composition and condition, threatening processes, cost, and opportunity. Incorporating genetic information enhances the description of site composition, providing a historical evolutionary perspective.
The mixed Hodge structure on the fundamental group of a punctured Riemann surface

Given a compact Riemann surface X of genus g and distinct points p and q on X, we consider the non-compact Riemann surface X := X \ {q} with basepoint p E X. The extension of mixed Hodge structures associated to the first two steps of iri(X, p) is studied. We show that it determines the element (2g q 2p K) in Pico (X), where K represents the canonical divisor of X as well as the corresponding extension associated to rn (X, p). Finally, we deduce a pointed Torelli theorem for punctured Riemann surfaces.
SMC 094 – 04 – 0461 Concepts of cooperation in artificial life

We have built some simple, but useful, cooperative Artificial Life agents. Based on this experience and by contrasting our work with computer viruses, we argue that Artificial Life (the simulation of life including evolution) can only remain reliably and indefinitely cooperative if it adheres to explicitly-specified social conventions. Breaking or neglecting these conventions results in systems that are worse than useless; in fact, malicious with respect to human social values. Running title: Cooperation in Artificial Life
BOVINE IRIS SEGMENTATION USING REGION-BASED ACTIVE CONTOUR MODEL

Iris recognition is one of the most reliable and accurate biometric technologies, as the richness and apparent stability of the iris texture make it robust. Iris segmentation is a critical part in iris recognition, because it defines the inner and outer boundaries of iris region which is used for feature analysis. Active contour model, also known as snake, is a powerful image segmentation technique. This paper proposes a novel global and local region-based active contour model to extract the bovine iris from the surrounding structures. The proposed active contour model elicits the iris texture in an iterative fashion and is guided by both global and local intensity information of the image. Then, iris region is normalized into rectangle shape, which is convenient for later feature extraction. Experimental result indicates the efficacy of the proposed technique.
Time-domain waveform based extraction of FinFET nonlinear I–V model

This work presents a straightforward approach to model the dynamic I-V characteristics of microwave FET transistors. Since the main cause of the transistor nonlinearity can be attributed to the drain-source current generator, its correct modeling is fundamental for predicting accurately the device behaviour under realistic operating conditions, namely large-signal operation. The experimental data required for the proposed modelling strategy consist of a small set of low-frequency time-domain waveform measurements. Numerical optimization is adopted to identify the model parameters. The validity of the proposed method is verified by its application to a silicon FinFET. Very good agreement between model predictions and nonlinear measurements is demonstrated.
Minimal length uncertainty relation and ultraviolet regularization

Studies in string theory and quantum gravity suggest the existence of a finite lower limit $\ensuremath{\Delta}{x}_{0}$ to the possible resolution of distances, at the latest on the scale of the Planck length of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}35}$ m. Within the framework of the Euclidean path integral we explicitly show ultraviolet regularization in field theory through this short distance structure. Both rotation and translation invariance can be preserved. An example is studied in detail.
A Congestion Control Algorithm of Adaptive Target Queue Length-Fuzzy Explicit Marking

Active queue management (AQM), as an active packet dropping schemes which can preferable adapt to rapid variance of queue length, has been a research highlight in network congestion control field. But many algorithms existed now have defects in respond speed, stability and environment sensitivity. As to these problem mentioned by the above, Fuzzy Control can bring relative advantages into play, actualize the intellectualizing of control system. Based on the existed fuzzy control AQM algorithm---FEM, this paper explores ATQL-FEM, one kind of adaptive target queue length Fuzzy Control algorithm. Simulation test shows that this kind of adaptive system can efficiently raise the adaptation to bursting flow, furthermore, the guarantee of property proves that this algorithm can adapt to the network model nonlinearity perfectly.
Parallelized Network Coding with SIMD Instruction Sets

It is a well known result that network coding may achieve better network throughput in certain multicast topologies. However, the practicality of network coding has been questioned, due to its high computational complexity. This paper represents an attempt towards a high performance implementation of network coding. We first propose to implement progressive decoding with Gauss-Jordan elimination, such that blocks can be decoded as they are received. We then employ hardware acceleration with SIMD vector instructions. We also use a careful threading design to take advantage of symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) systems and multicore processors. Our core idea of optimization is the table_based multiplication in GF(2) ,which is able to process a row multiplication of random linear codes by searching previous built product tables with vector using the SSE3 instruction PSHUFB. Our high performance implementation is encapsulated as a C++ class library . On a dual-core Intel T5500 1.66G PC, the encoding bandwidth of our implementations able to reach 42.493 MB/second with 128 blocks of 4KB each. Keywords-Network coding; Galois field; SIMD; SSE3
Relación entre el desarrollo psicomotor y la práctica de deporte extraescolar en niños/as de tres a seis años

Physical activity practice has a positive effect on children’s health and development. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between extracurricular sports and psychomotor development on Spanish preschoolers. This study aims to compare psychomotor development among preschoolers (3-6 years) participating in regular sports practice (DE) and those not participating (NDE). This study was carried using a quantitative methodology and a cross-sectional design. Participants were 85 preschoolers (mean age=4.09 years, 42.3% girls). The participants responded an ad-hoc questionnaire about their physical habits and sociodemographic variables. The psychomotor development was evaluated with the EOD-B. Results show that 69.4% of the sample practiced extracurricular physical activity. No gender differences were found. Student t-test showed that the DE group had better psychomotor development than NDE children (p<0.001). Regarding gender differences, boys who practiced extracurricular sports showed better psychomotor development than boys who didn't (p<0,001), and this result was the same for girls (p<0,05). Furthermore, extracurricular sports participation was significantly lower among children with lower psychomotor development (p<0,001). This study provides new findings about the relationship between psychomotor development and extracurricular sport practice in Spanish preschoolers. Physical activity and sports practice improve children's psychomotor development. Results obtained confirm the necessity of improving physical activity and sports programs since early ages.
Islamic ethics: An outline of its concept and essence (II)

Since the early epochs of the Muslim history, the study of ethics, a field that is traditionally known among Muslim scholars as tahdhib al-akhlaq (character purification), has been an essential part of Muslim intellectual heritage. It is true that the Qur’an and Sunnah are the foundations of good morals, to which Muslims, including companions of the Prophet (s. a. w.), made constant reference to address moral issues. However, Muslim theologians and jurists (fuqaha) as well as the Sufis (ahl al-tasawuf), gave a considerable effort, time and again, to address, though in different approaches, the nature, the scope and the parameters of the Islamic ethics. This paper uses analytical method, and it aims to highlight the essence of the Islamic ethics. It provides an explanatory account of the basic components of the Islamic moral system, such as the inborn character (fitrah), the good motive (niyyah hassanah) of the moral agent and the role of the shari’ah principles in determining the moral property of given moral conducts. The related texts of the Qur’an and Prophetic narrations as well as the opinion of the scholars in this topic would be analysed. Keyword: Ethical philosophy, essential components, Islamic morality, analysis
Endogenous Features of Depression in Women *

This was a retrospective study in which 50 hospitalized depressed women were rated on 25 items of symptomatology and these items were then subjected to factor analysis. Five factors were extracted and attention was focused on the first factor. Items which loaded heavily on this factor included insomnia, especially in the middle of the night and early morning, severity of depressed mood and global severity of illness, retardation, guilt and self-reproach, weight loss, delusional symptoms, visceral symptoms, agitation, and loss of interest. The symptoms and signs which loaded heavily thus fit the classical pattern of endogenous depression. The patients were scored on this factor and these factor scores were then correlated with the patients' ratings on premorbid personality, personal history, and evidence of apparent precipitant, items which were independent of the factor analysis. The factor scores were found to correlate negatively with presence of apparent precipitants and negatively with hysterical character. The distribution curve of factor scores suggested a distinct group of patients in a hump at the end of the curve. Corresponding factors in other studies were shown to approximately reproduce the items loading on this factor. When applied to our patients these factors produced factor scores which correlated highly with our factor scores and selected the patients in substantially the same distribution. We are currently engaged in investigating the characteristics of our endogenous group of patients to determine how they differ from the remainder of our population. We expect the current studies to lead to a prospective study in which we will take up problems of rater reliability and study a larger patient sample.
A Multidimensional Environment Implementation for Enhancing Agent Interaction

The environment, as a space shared between agents, is a key component of multi-agent systems (MAS). Depending on systems, this space may integrate physical, communication or social dimensions. Each of them has its own process and rules to support agents' interaction. For instance, in the physical dimension, the rules may be based on the agents' location. The agents' interaction is then contextualized, and the environment allows a multi-agent control since it performs the interactions according to the state and rules of the MAS. The dimensions of the environment are generally connected either in an application-dependent ad-hoc way outside of the agents or within each agent. In order to ensure a multi-agent control, the relations between dimensions must be explicit outside of the agents. Using these relations between the environment dimensions, the interaction becomes also multi-dimensional. In this paper, we propose to formalize rules and mechanisms to make this connection outside of the agents and in a generic way.
Chapter 7. From Cooperation to Compassion: Death and Bereavement on Social Networking Websites

Online elaboration of mourning is a kind of technospiritual practice, a typical area of which involves communication with the deceased and postmortem profile management via community pages. This chapter compares the results from the international literature investigating the connection between online elaborations of mourning and community pages that include posts and comments regarding the topic of death. We focus on messages that appear in Hungarian on Facebook. This corpus-based study confirms claims that concern similar messages found on English-language social networking services (SNSs). Along with the obvious emotive function, mourning texts occurring in social media may fulfill referential (information on the funeral, circumstances of death), appellative (notification, marketing), phatic (condolence to the living; last farewell to, or continuous contact with, the deceased), metacommunicative (adequacy of online mourning), and aesthetic functions (quotations from poetry or prose, pictures, montages, presentations). With respect to the phatic function, we also examine the issue of legitimacy/illegitimacy of mourning (death tourism, trolls). The occurrence of religious themes is relatively infrequent in the digital corpus studied here. The Facebook feature “Like,” in this context, means a special manifestation of sympathy and commemoration rather than whether a message’s content pleases the reader.