Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A sensor based on silicon technology for turbulence measurements

A very small and highly sensitive flow velocity sensor has been designed and fabricated using silicon microelectronic technology. To determine the performance of this silicon sensor, comparisons with a conventional hot-wire sensor were made in a well defined two-dimensional turbulent flat-plate boundary layer at a constant Reynolds number of 4.2*106. The silicon sensor was found to have a spatial and frequency resolutions that make it suitable for turbulence measurements. In the investigated flow field the new silicon sensor measures profiles of the mean velocity and the turbulence intensity with accuracy as the hot wire.
Multi-temporal grass hyperspectral classification via full pixel decomposition spectral manifold projection and boosting active learning model

ABSTRACT Grassland detection is essential for sustainable development, particularly in ecological and animal husbandry. Hyperspectral can retrieve the functional characteristics of vegetation species, nevertheless, the efficiency of grassland communities with rich species at different periods needs to be improved. In this study, the multi-temporal grass hyperspectral classification via full pixel decomposition spectral manifold projection and boosting active learning (FPD-SMP-BAL) model is proposed to relieve the above issue. Considering the plentiful spectral information of hyperspectral, we proposed a novel preprocessing method of spectral manifold projection based on full pixel decomposition (FPD-SMP), which reveals the internal nonlinear structure of global hyperspectral and alleviate the data redundancy. Furthermore, we innovatively designed the boosting active learning (BAL) classification model with an effective optimization strategy, which can decrease the cost of sample labeling by the minimal loss value. An on-site hyperspectral acquisition platform was assembled, and a dataset of 4,200 samples was established from the perspective of vegetation species composition and multi-stages to verify the validity of the model. Experimental results show that the proposed FPD-SMP-BAL framework reaches an overall accuracy of 94.94%, which is superior to some state-of-the-art methods in the classification of multi-temporal grass hyperspectral images, and also provides a reference for related research of grassland dynamic monitoring.
Profiles of Very Weak Diffuse Interstellar Bands around 6440 Å

Profiles of very weak diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) between 6400 and 6470 Å observed with high resolution and very high S/N are demonstrated. We show that with the increasing quality of reddened stellar spectra, the whole spectral range is covered with weak or very weak DIBs—at least one every 2-3 Å. We also present the details of the profiles of a few stronger features; the presence of substructures resembles the profiles of strong DIBs observed in high resolution during the last decade and supports the hypothesis of a molecular origin of at least a majority of DIBs.
Constructive Placement and Routing for Common-Centroid Capacitor Arrays in Binary-Weighted and Split DACs

Process variations and the effect of interconnect parasitics can cause significant perturbations in the performance metrics of capacitive digital-to-analog converters (DACs). This article develops fast constructive procedures for common-centroid placement and routing for binary-weighted and split capacitor array topologies of charge-sharing DACs. Our approach particularly targets FinFET technologies with high wire and via parasitics: in these technology nodes, we show that the switching speed of the capacitor array, as measured by the 3-dB frequency, can be severely degraded by these parasitics, and develop techniques to place and route the capacitor array, for both binary-weighted and split DACs, to optimize the switching speed. A balance between 3-dB frequency and DAC INL/DNL is shown by trading off via counts with dispersion. The approach delivers high-quality results with low runtimes.
Problematic Smartphone Use and Social Media Fatigue: The Mediating Role of Self-Control

Background Excessive social media consumption leads to addiction and affects mental health. It is a phenomenon that is difficult to avoid. Previous research on the effects of excessive Internet use shows that people who engage in social media (SM) without restraint experience over-involvement, over-disclosure, technostress, and social media fatigue (SMF). SMF, conceptualized as an emotional and cognitive feeling of being overwhelmed, manifests itself in mindless browsing of content, limiting the amount of time spent on SM, or quitting SM altogether. Self-control, although present in the technology addiction literature and psychology research, has been rarely described in relation to both excessive SM use and SMF. Therefore, the main goal of the present study was to verify whether there is a direct relationship between problematic smartphone use and SMF, and whether this association is mediated by self-control. Methods The study included 210 respondents (M = 25.85, SD = 9.84) living in different Polish cities. The survey was conducted online, and the respondents consented to participate in the study. They completed the following measures: the Mobile Phone Problematic Use, the Self-Control Scale, the Social Media Fatigue Scale, and a brief questionnaire with socio-demographic data. Results Statistical analysis was performed to verify the relationship between problematic mobile phone use, level of self-control, and SMF. The outcomes indicate that there are significant interrelationships between the three studied variables. The association between problematic smartphone use and SMF is mediated by self-control. Conclusion A lack of impulse-inhibition skills, such as compulsive checking of notifications, can be a significant factor in SM exhaustion, fatigue, or frustration. SMF can also be understood as a natural defensive response, triggered in situations where individuals are overwhelmed, when the self-control is insufficient to stop the compulsion to use SM, and the use of a smartphone for this purpose is excessively engaging.
Tip60/KAT5 Histone Acetyltransferase Is Required for Maintenance and Neurogenesis of Embryonic Neural Stem Cells

Epigenetic regulation via epigenetic factors in collaboration with tissue-specific transcription factors is curtail for establishing functional organ systems during development. Brain development is tightly regulated by epigenetic factors, which are coordinately activated or inactivated during processes, and their dysregulation is linked to brain abnormalities and intellectual disability. However, the precise mechanism of epigenetic regulation in brain development and neurogenesis remains largely unknown. Here, we show that Tip60/KAT5 deletion in neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) in mice results in multiple abnormalities of brain development. Tip60-deficient embryonic brain led to microcephaly, and proliferating cells in the developing brain were reduced by Tip60 deficiency. In addition, neural differentiation and neuronal migration were severely affected in Tip60-deficient brains. Following neurogenesis in developing brains, gliogenesis started from the earlier stage of development in Tip60-deficient brains, indicating that Tip60 is involved in switching from neurogenesis to gliogenesis during brain development. It was also confirmed in vitro that poor neurosphere formation, proliferation defects, neural differentiation defects, and accelerated astrocytic differentiation in mutant NSCs are derived from Tip60-deficient embryonic brains. This study uncovers the critical role of Tip60 in brain development and NSC maintenance and function in vivo and in vitro.
Random points in a circle and the analysis of chromosome patterns

During the past few years techniques have been developed whereby cells in mitosis may be photographed and their chromosome structure determined. The normal karyotype was known to contain 22 pairs of like chromosomes plus two sex chromosomes, like in the female and unlike in the male, but the new techniques enable their actual positions in the projected cell nucleus to be analysed. Following a suggestion of L. S. Penrose we have discussed elsewhere the randomness of position of the elements of homologous pairs using what we have termed the randomization approach (Barton & David, 1961 a, b, 1962; Barton, David & Merrington, 1962). This approach was, to a certain extent, forced on us by the inability to determine, in more than one-half the photographs analysed, the position of the cell nucleus wall. For such photographs in which the nuclear wall was determinate it seemed of interest to us to investigate the geometrical approach and discuss the randomness of the distances of pairs of points dropped on a given known convex area,. Sometimes this convex area will be a circle; more often than not, because of the random orientation of the cell nucleus to the plane of the camera, and the fact that the nucleus is only approximately spherical, it will appear only approximately circular and may properly be more nearly described as elliptical. Suppose a circle of radius R. If two points are dropped randomly onto the circular area, with r the distance between them, then
Measuring Collective Efficacy

This article specifies a multilevel measurement model for survey response when data are nested. The model includes a test–retest model of reliability, a confirmatory factor model of interitem reliability with item-specific bias effects, an individual-level model of the biasing effects due to respondent characteristics, and a neighborhood-level model of construct validity. We apply this model for measuring informal social control within collective efficacy theory. Estimating the model on 3,260 respondents nested within 123 Seattle neighborhoods, we find that measures of informal control show reasonable test–retest and interitem reliability. We find support for the hypothesis that respondents’ assessments of whether their neighbors would intervene in specific child deviant acts are related to whether they have observed such acts in the past, which is consistent with a cognitive model of survey response. Finally, we find that, when proper measurement models are not used, the effects of some neighborhood covariates on informal control are biased upward and the effect of informal social control on violence is biased downward.
Laplacians and Riemannian submersions with totally geodesic fibres

0.0 The Laplace-Beltrami operator on a compact Riemannian manifold (M, ) can be viewed as a natural generalization Ofthe ordinary Laplacian on a bounded domain in R. In particular, most properties ofeigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the latter with either Dirichlet or Neuman boundary values carry out to the spectral data of the former. As an example, the famous Faber-Krahn inequality (see [10], page 188) which bounds from below the product of the area of a domain in R by its first eigenvalue finds its counterpart in J. Hersch’s theorem (cf. [14]) which gives an upper bound of the product of the first nonzero eigenvalue of any Riemannian metric on the 2-sphere S2 by the Riemannian area. The Faber-Krahn inequality generalizes to domains in R. In [2], M. Berger shows that such an extension does not exist for the n-sphere S, if one insists on the upper bound being sharp for the standard metric. This still leaves some.hope for the existence of an upper bound. Analogously, Courant’s nodal line theorem (see [10], page 452) according to which the ith eigenfunction has at most nodal domains (i.e., connected components of the complement of its zero set) is valid for a general Riemannian manifold. Such a result suggests that eigenfunctions corresponding to high eigenvalues should be complicated. In particular they were expected to have more than two nodal domains. In the same vein, it is reasonable to believe that the more symmetries a Riemannian metric has, the more multiple its eigenvalues are. In particular, the standard metric on the sphere was expected to be the metric with the largest multiplicity of its first nonzero eigenvalue. All these guesses turn out to be wrong for appropriate choices of (M, g). The right choices all belong to the class ofmanifolds to which this article is devoted, namely, Riemannian Submersions with totally geodesic fibres. These metrics are the next simple metrics after Riemannian products. This probably indicates that, in a sense, Riemannian metrics on compact manifolds form a wider family than domains in R.
Sentiment Analysis of Health Protocol Policy Using K-Nearest Neighbor and Cosine Similarity

As an effort to handle COVID-19 transmission, the Indonesian government introduced various regulations such as Health Protocol Policy. Meanwhile, the policy has become a public discussion on social media, such as Twitter. To classify people's opinions on the social media, sentiment analysis technique is used. This method is widely utilized in natural language processing (NLP), data mining, and information retrieval. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze Twitter users’ opinions toward health protocol policy. There were several approaches to conducting sentiment analysis, including the TF-IDF method for word weighting and the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm for data classification. Also, the similarity between two documents or texts was measured using cosine similarity. The processed data were categorized into three, namely positive, negative, and neutral. The system classification results showed 43.94% positive sentiment, 9.06% negative, and 46.99% neutral assuming the value of K = 4.
STATISTICAL METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES IN REPLICATED cDNA MICROARRAY EXPERIMENTS

DNA microarrays are a new and promising biotechnology which allows the monitoring of expression levels in cells for thousands of genes simultaneously. The present paper describes statistical methods for the identification of differentially expressed genes in replicated cDNA microarray experiments. Although it is not the main focus of the paper, new methods for the important pre-processing steps of image analysis and normalization are proposed. Given suitably normalized data, the biological question of differential expression is restated as a problem in multiple hypothesis testing: the simultaneous test for each gene of the null hypothesis of no association between the expression levels and responses or covariates of interest. Differentially expressed genes are identified based on adjusted p-values for a multiple testing procedure which strongly controls the family-wise Type I error rate and takes into account the dependence structure between the gene expression levels. No specific parametric form is assumed for the distribution of the test statistics and a permutation procedure is used to estimate adjusted p-values. Several data displays are suggested for the visual identification of differentially expressed genes and of important features of these genes. The above methods are applied to microarray data from a study of gene expression in the livers of mice with very low HDL cholesterol levels. The genes identified using data from multiple slides are compared to those identified by recently published single-slide methods.
On Schur algebras and related algebras III: integral representations

Let G be a reductive group over an algebraically closed field K. In [8] and [9] we defined and studied certain finite dimensional K-algebras SK(π), associated to G via a finite saturated set π of dominant weights. The algebras are defined over ℤ, i.e. SK(π) = K ⊗ℤSℤ(π) for an order Sℤ(π) of Sℚ(π), and if G is a general linear group or a Chevalley group then the order Sℤ(π) arises naturally from the corresponding group scheme G over ℤ (or Kostant ℤ-form Uℤ). These algebras may be regarded as (and were obtained as) direct generalizations of the Schur algebras S(n, r) studied by Green in [10].
Gas sensing properties of defect-controlled ZnO-nanowire gas sensor

The effect of oxygen-vacancy-related defects on gas-sensing properties of ZnO-nanowire gas sensors was investigated. Gas sensors were fabricated by growing ZnO nanowires bridging the gap between two prepatterned Au catalysts. The sensor displayed fast response and recovery behavior with a maximum sensitivity to NO2 gas at 225 °C. Gas sensitivity was found to be linearly proportional to the photoluminescence intensity of oxygen-vacancy-related defects in both as-fabricated and defect-controlled gas sensors by postannealing in Ar and H2 atmosphere. This result agrees well with previous theoretical prediction that oxygen vacancies play a role of preferential adsorption sites for NO2 molecules.
Selecting the Best Lengths to Stock

A compact method has been developed for solving the following frequently occurring inventory problem: Given a list of lengths and either the known or the expected demand for each length because of storage limitations or manufacturing economies, only a few of these lengths are to be made and stocked. Any required length not in stock will be cut from the next longer length, with an attendant cutting loss. Select that particular set of R lengths that will minimize the cutting losses. The method actually finds the minimum cutting loss for an entire range of R's. By weighing the cutting loss for each additional stored length against the added manufacturing and storage cost, management can better determine how many and which lengths to stock.
Genetic Predisposition to Colorectal Cancer: How Many and Which Genes to Test?

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common tumors, and genetic predisposition is one of the key risk factors in the development of this malignancy. Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis are the best-known genetic diseases associated with hereditary colorectal cancer. However, some other genetic disorders confer an increased risk of colorectal cancer, such as Li–Fraumeni syndrome (TP53 gene), MUTYH-associated polyposis (MUTYH gene), Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (STK11 gene), Cowden syndrome (PTEN gene), and juvenile polyposis syndrome (BMPR1A and SMAD4 genes). Moreover, the recent advances in molecular techniques, in particular Next-Generation Sequencing, have led to the identification of many new genes involved in the predisposition to colorectal cancers, such as RPS20, POLE, POLD1, AXIN2, NTHL1, MSH3, RNF43 and GREM1. In this review, we summarized the past and more recent findings in the field of cancer predisposition genes, with insights into the role of the encoded proteins and into the associated genetic disorders. Furthermore, we discussed the possible clinical utility of genetic testing in terms of prevention protocols and therapeutic approaches.
Learning Curve of Robotic Lobectomy for the Treatment of Lung Cancer: How Does It Impact on the Autonomic Nervous System of the Surgeon?

Objective: Our purpose is to define the learning curve for robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy by reporting the experience of a single surgeon. Material and methods: We progressively collected the data concerning the surgical performance of a single male thoracic surgeon, from the beginning of his robotic activity as first operator from January 2021 to June 2022. We evaluated several pre-, intra- and postoperative parameters concerning patients and intraoperative cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes of the surgeon, recorded during surgical interventions, in order to evaluate his cardiovascular stress. We used cumulative sum control charts (CUSUM) to analyze the learning curve. Results: A total of 72 lung lobectomies were performed by a single surgeon in this period. Analyzing the CUSUM of several parameters, the inflection point identifying the transition beyond the surgeon learning phase was reached at cases 28, 22, 27 and 33 when considering operating time, mean heart rate, max heart rate and mean respiratory rate, respectively. Conclusions: The learning curve for robotic lobectomy seems to be safe and feasible with a correct robotic training program. The analysis of a single surgeon from the beginning of his robotic activity demonstrates that confidence, competence, dexterity and security are achieved after about 20–30 procedures, without compromising efficiency and oncological radicality.
The Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Depressive Symptoms among Chinese Adults Aged 35–60 Years: The Mediating Role of Subjective Well-Being and Life Satisfaction

The purpose of this study was to assess the serial multiple mediating effects of subjective well-being and life satisfaction between job satisfaction and depressive symptoms among Chinese adults aged 35–60 years. According to the 2018 China Family Panel Study (CFPS), we finally selected 10,609 respondents (5202 females, and 5407 males) aged 35–60 years old as samples for the study. Correlation analysis was carried out to examine the relationship among job satisfaction, subjective well-being, life satisfaction, and depressive symptoms. Linear regression models were established to analyze the relationship between job satisfaction and depressive symptoms. Serial multiple mediation analysis was conducted by the SPSS macro PROCESS program. The results suggested that job satisfaction was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms among Chinese adults aged 35–60 years. Subjective well-being and life satisfaction mediated the relationships between them, respectively. Furthermore, job satisfaction also had indirect impacts on depressive symptoms through the serial mediating effects of subjective well-being and life satisfaction. The findings revealed that increasing job satisfaction could decrease depressive symptoms through promoting subjective well-being and life satisfaction. The study may offer some meaningful implications for improving the mental health and reducing the risk of depressive symptoms among Chinese adults aged 35–60 years.
Realization of an auralization software based on echograms calculated by a sound ray technique

Among the different auralization implementations yet devised, a completely computerized auralization technique, in which the acoustics of the room to be treated is simulated by a sound ray tracing algorithm, was realized. The major difficulty closely linked with this process was to convert the set of temporal energy distributions (one per frequency band), issued from the ray tracing software, into pressure echograms or impulse responses, so that the phase information had to be reintroduced. The various stages were conducted according to an earlier investigation of this problem [R. Heinz, Entwicklung und beurteilung von computergestutzten methoden zur binauralen raumsimulation (Verlag Shaker, Aachen, 1994)]. Several methods able to derive the binaural room impulse responses from the corresponding monaural impulse response were then studied. These binaural impulse responses were next convolved with any vocal or musical anechoic signal yielding the signal as it could be heard or auralized in the real room. T.
Estimating optical flow from clustered trajectories in velocity-time

Presents a new algorithm for the estimation of optical flow from a monocular sequence of images using clustered trajectories in velocity-time. In the new algorithm, the objects in the scene may exhibit rotation and translation in all three dimensions. In addition, interframe displacement may be large-of the order of many pixels. It is assumed that there is a known upper bound on the magnitudes of the x and y components of interframe displacement. The authors conducted tests to compare the performance of the algorithm with that of two prior algorithms for optical flow estimation. They present the results of these tests. The results suggest that the algorithm is an improvement over prior algorithms in its ability to compute the optical flow field accurately under several commonly encountered scene conditions that have posed problems to earlier algorithms for optical flow estimation. <<ETX>>