Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rationale and Clinical Pearls for Primary Care Doctors Referring Patients for Deep Brain Stimulation

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical treatment involving the implantation of a brain lead connected to a chest-based neurostimulator similar to a cardiac pacemaker. The device can be programmed to deliver electrical impulses to neuromodulate abnormal brain circuitry in disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), essential tremor (ET), and dystonia. As the number of patients receiving DBS surgery increases, it will be important for primary care doctors to identify reasonable DBS candidates for referral to an experienced center. Objective: To provide primary care physicians with a rationale and also to provide clinically useful pearls for referral of potential DBS candidates. Methods: A complete PubMed review of the literature. Results: This review will be focused on PD and ET and will address the following issues: what are the common motor and nonmotor symptoms? What is the evidence supporting the use of DBS in PD and ET? What is the importance of a multi- or interdisciplinary DBS team for patient selection? What can be done to improve success in identifying and referring potential DBS candidates? Conclusion: DBS is a highly effective therapy for select candidates with PD and ET. The most important factor influencing DBS outcome is proper patient selection. It will be critical as DBS continues to be more commonly employed for primary care doctors to select candidates from their practices as appropriate referrals to specialized centers.
Polyhedral Risk Measures and Lagrangian Relaxation in Electricity Portfolio Optimization

We present a multistage stochastic programming model for mean-risk optimization of electricity portfolios containing physical components and energy derivative products. Stochasticity enters the model via the uncertain (time-dependent) prices and electricity demand. The objective is to maximize the expected overall revenue and, simultaneously, to minimize a multiperiod risk measure, i.e., a risk measure that takes into account the intermediate time cash values. We compare the effect of different multiperiod risk measures taken from the class of polyhedral risk measures which was suggested in our earlier work. Furthermore, we discuss how such a mean-risk optimization problem can be solved by dual decomposition techniques (Lagrangian relaxation).
Cardiac output determination by use of lithium dilution during exercise in horses.

OBJECTIVE To compare cardiac output (CO) obtained by the lithium dilution method (LiDCO) with CO calculated from the Fick principle (FickCO), in horses maximally exercising on a high-speed treadmill. ANIMALS 13 Thoroughbreds. PROCEDURES In part 1 of the study, 5 horses performed a warm-up (walk, trot, and canter) and exercise test (walk, trot, canter, and gallop [90% to 100% maximum oxygen consumption [{VO(2)max}]) with measurements of LiDCO and FickCO obtained simultaneously after 60 seconds at each exercise level, for a total of 7 measurements. In part 2 of the study, 8 horses performed a warm-up (walk, trot, and canter) followed by an exercise test (walk and gallop [90% to 100% [VO(2)max], repeated twice). Measurements of LiDCO and FickCO were obtained 60 seconds into the first walk and each gallop of the exercise tests, for a total of 3 measurements. RESULTS Cardiac output increased significantly with increasing speeds by use of both methods. In part 1, lithium dilution significantly overestimated CO, compared with the Fick principle, during the exercise test (as both injection number and exercise intensity increased). Mean +/- SD bias was 246 +/- 264 mL of blood/min/kg in part 1 and 67 +/- 100mL of blood/kg/min in part 2. Three injections of lithium (part 2) did not result in the same degree of overestimation of LiDCO that was observed with 7 injections (part 1). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Lithium dilution may be an acceptable substitute for the Fick principle as a means to measure CO in maximally exercising client-owned horses.
Association of Dnmt3a and thymine DNA glycosylase links DNA methylation with base-excision repair

While methylcytosines serve as the fifth base encoding epigenetic information, they are also a dangerous endogenous mutagen due to their intrinsic instability. Methylcytosine undergoes spontaneous deamination, at a rate much higher than cytosine, to generate thymine. In mammals, two repair enzymes, thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) and methyl-CpG binding domain 4 (MBD4), have evolved to counteract the mutagenic effect of methylcytosines. Both recognize G/T mismatches arising from methylcytosine deamination and initiate base-excision repair that corrects them to G/C pairs. However, the mechanism by which the methylation status of the repaired cytosines is restored has remained unknown. We show here that the DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a interacts with TDG. Both the PWWP domain and the catalytic domain of Dnmt3a are able to mediate the interaction with TDG at its N-terminus. The interaction affects the enzymatic activity of both proteins: Dnmt3a positively regulates the glycosylase activity of TDG, while TDG inhibits the methylation activity of Dnmt3a in vitro. These data suggest a mechanistic link between DNA repair and remethylation at sites affected by methylcytosine deamination.
ILPS at TREC 2017 Common Core Track

The TREC 2017 Common Core Track aimed at gathering a diverse set of participating runs and building a new test collection using advanced pooling methods. In this paper, we describe the participation of the IlpsUvA team at the TREC 2017 Common Core Track. We submitted runs created using two methods to the track: (1) BOIR uses Bayesian optimization to automatically optimize retrieval model hyperparameters. (2) NVSM is a latent vector space model where representations of documents and query terms are learned from scratch in an unsupervised manner. We find that BOIR is able to optimize hyperparameters as to find a system that performs competitively amongst track participants. NVSM provides rankings that are diverse, as it was amongst the top automated unsupervised runs that provided the most unique relevant documents.
Single-stranded DNA catenation mediated by human EVL and a type I topoisomerase

The human Ena/Vasp-like (EVL) protein is considered to be a bifunctional protein, involved in both actin remodeling and homologous recombination. In the present study, we found that human EVL forms heat-stable multimers of circular single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecules in the presence of a type I topoisomerase in vitro. An electron microscopic analysis revealed that the heat-stable ssDNA multimers formed by EVL and topoisomerase were ssDNA catemers. The ssDNA catenation did not occur when either EVL or topoisomerase was omitted from the reaction mixture. A deletion analysis revealed that the ssDNA catenation completely depended on the annealing activity of EVL. Human EVL was captured from a human cell extract by TOPO IIIα-conjugated beads, and the interaction between EVL and TOPO IIIα was confirmed by a surface plasmon resonance analysis. Purified TOPO IIIα catalyzed the ssDNA catenation with EVL as efficiently as the Escherichia coli topoisomerase I. Since the ssDNA cutting and rejoining reactions, which are the sub-steps of ssDNA catenation, may be an essential process in homologous recombination, EVL and TOPO IIIα may function in the processing of DNA intermediates formed during homologous recombination.
How much of reinforcement learning is working memory, not reinforcement learning? A behavioral, computational, and neurogenetic analysis

Instrumental learning involves corticostriatal circuitry and the dopaminergic system. This system is typically modeled in the reinforcement learning (RL) framework by incrementally accumulating reward values of states and actions. However, human learning also implicates prefrontal cortical mechanisms involved in higher level cognitive functions. The interaction of these systems remains poorly understood, and models of human behavior often ignore working memory (WM) and therefore incorrectly assign behavioral variance to the RL system. Here we designed a task that highlights the profound entanglement of these two processes, even in simple learning problems. By systematically varying the size of the learning problem and delay between stimulus repetitions, we separately extracted WM‐specific effects of load and delay on learning. We propose a new computational model that accounts for the dynamic integration of RL and WM processes observed in subjects’ behavior. Incorporating capacity‐limited WM into the model allowed us to capture behavioral variance that could not be captured in a pure RL framework even if we (implausibly) allowed separate RL systems for each set size. The WM component also allowed for a more reasonable estimation of a single RL process. Finally, we report effects of two genetic polymorphisms having relative specificity for prefrontal and basal ganglia functions. Whereas the COMT gene coding for catechol‐O‐methyl transferase selectively influenced model estimates of WM capacity, the GPR6 gene coding for G‐protein‐coupled receptor 6 influenced the RL learning rate. Thus, this study allowed us to specify distinct influences of the high‐level and low‐level cognitive functions on instrumental learning, beyond the possibilities offered by simple RL models.
The Galactic Halo’s O VI Resonance Line Intensity

We used FUSE to observe ultraviolet emission from diffuse O VI in the hot gas in the Galactic halo. By comparing our result with another, nearby observation blocked by an opaque cloud at a distance of 230 pc, we could subtract off the contribution from the Local Bubble, leading to an apparent halo intensity of I = 4680 photons cm-2 s-1 sr-1. A correction for foreground extinction leads to an intrinsic intensity that could be as much as twice this value. Assuming T ~ 3 × 105 K, we conclude that the electron density, ne, is 0.01-0.02 cm-3, that the thermal pressure, p/k, is 7000-10,000 cm-3 K, and that the hot gas is spread over a length of 50-70 pc, implying a small filling factor for O VI-rich gas. ROSAT observations of emission at 1/4 keV in the same direction indicate that the X-rays are weaker by a factor of 1.1-4.7, depending on the foreground extinction. Simulated supernova remnants evolving in low-density gas have similar O VI to X-ray ratios when the remnant plasma is approaching collisional ionizational equilibrium and the physical structures are approaching dynamical "middle age. " Alternatively, the plasma can be described by a temperature power law. Assuming that the material is approximately isobaric and the length scales according to Tβd ln T, we find β = 1.5 ± 0.6 and an upper temperature cutoff of 106.6(+0.3,-0.2) K. The radiative cooling rate for the hot gas, including that which is too hot to hold O VI, is 6 × 1038 ergs s-1 kpc-2. This rate implies that ~70% of the energy produced in the disk and halo by SN and pre-SN winds is radiated by the hot gas in the halo.
Probing the Planck Scale with Neutrino Oscillations

Quantum gravity ``foam,'' among its various generic Lorentz noninvariant effects, would cause neutrino mixing. It is shown here that, if the foam is manifested as a nonrenormalizable effect at scale M, the oscillation length generically decreases with energy E as ${(E/M)}^{\ensuremath{-}2}. $ Neutrino observatories and long-baseline experiments should have therefore already observed foam-induced oscillations, even if M is as high as the Planck energy scale. The null results, which can be further strengthened by better analysis of current data and future experiments, can be taken as experimental evidence that Lorentz invariance is fully preserved at the Planck scale, as is the case in critical string theory.
The social net : understanding human behavior in cyberspace

1. Social psychological research and the Internet: the promise and peril of a new methodological frontier 2. Personality and the Internet 3. Social cognition online 4. Online persuasion and compliance: social influence on the Internet and beyond 5. 'Detattachment': the unique nature of online romantic relationships 6. Prosocial behaviour on the Net 7. The Internet and aggression: motivation, disinhibitory and opportunity aspects 8. You, me, and we: interpersonal processes in electronic groups 9. Leadership and decision making 10. Prejudice, discrimination and the Internet
Stability and Generalization in Structured Prediction

Structured prediction models have been found to learn effectively from a few large examples-- sometimes even just one. Despite empirical evidence, canonical learning theory cannot guarantee generalization in this setting because the error bounds decrease as a function of the number of examples. We therefore propose new PAC-Bayesian generalization bounds for structured prediction that decrease as a function of both the number of examples and the size of each example. Our analysis hinges on the stability of joint inference and the smoothness of the data distribution. We apply our bounds to several common learning scenarios, including max-margin and soft-max training of Markov random fields. Under certain conditions, the resulting error bounds can be far more optimistic than previous results and can even guarantee generalization from a single large example.
RECONSTRUCTION OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS BASED ON IMAGES FROM THE MEYDENBAUER ARCHIVES

The reconstruction of destroyed buildings is discussed in the public. One of the major questions to mention is, whether sufficient information is available for this purpose. Photogrammetry may contribute to determine this information by using historical images, especially from the Meydenbauer Archive. A lot of details and sometimes the whole buildings geometry can be reconstructed . This may be used for architectural research, to publish information concerning the object or for a physical reconstruction. In this paper we present an overview of the used data sources, the orientation problems and some restitution techniques, by means of some destroyed buildings in the city center of Berlin.
Fans, Bloggers, and Gamers: Exploring Participatory Culture

ContentsIntroduction: Confessions of an Aca/Fan I Inside Fandom1 Excerpts from "Matt Hills Interviews Henry Jenkins" 2 Star Trek Rerun, Reread, Rewritten: Fan Writing as Textual Poaching 3 "Normal Female Interest in Men Bonking"4 "Out of the Closet and into the Universe": Queers and Star Trek with John CampbellII Going Digital5 "Do You Enjoy Making the Rest of Us Feel Stupid? ": alt.tv. twinpeaks, the Trickster Author, and Viewer Mastery 6 Interactive Audiences? The "Collective Intelligence" of Media Fans 7 Pop Cosmopolitanism: Mapping Cultural Flows in an Age of Media Convergence 8 Love Online 9 Blog This! 10 A Safety Net III Columbine and Beyond11 Professor Jenkins Goes to Washington 12 Coming Up Next! Ambushed on Donahue 13 The War between Effects and Meanings: Rethinking the Video Game Violence Debate 14 The Chinese Columbine: How One Tragedy Ignited the Chinese Government's Simmering Fears of Youth Culture and the Internet 15 "The Monsters Next Door": A Father-SonDialogue about Buffy, Moral Panic, and Generational Differenceswith Henry G. Jenkins IVNotes Index About the Author
Integrating Exercise, Sports, Movement and Mind: Therapeutic Unity

Contents Preface * Introduction * Theoretical Frameworks * Family Systems Issues Affecting Athletic Performance in Youth * Patient as Athlete: A Metaphor for Injury Rehabilitation * Contact Improvisation: Its Potentials for a Therapy of Movement: A Conversation/Dialogue Between Nancy Menapace and E. Mark Stern * The Dialogue of Movement * Gender, Ethnicity, and Class * "To Feel My Own Knowing in Motion": Harmonizing the Mind, Body, and Emotions * Relational Aspects of Competition: A Father Learns from His Daughters * Softly Strong: African American Women's Use of Exercise in Therapy * Sport Psychology Consultation * Working in Competitive Sport: What Coaches and Athletes Want Psychologists to Know * Insights into Effective Sport Psychology Consulting * Client Voices * Putting the "Clinical" into Sport Psychology Consulting * A Multi-Modal Approach to Trauma Recovery: A Case History * Anxiety Management and the Elite Athlete: A Case Study * Index * Reference Notes Included
Privacy-preserving profile matching using the social graph

We present a privacy-preserving protocol for users to test a match with potential new friends in an environment where all users cryptographically encrypt their private information. The following scenario is considered. Suppose that user Alice thinks that Bob might be a good new friend. So, Alice and the Online Social Network (representing Bob) engage in a two-party matching protocol. In this protocol no work from Bob is required, Bob can be offline. The matching protocol is designed to give Alice an indication if Bob is similar to her based on their profiles. We show that the process does so without revealing the private information of Alice and Bob to one another and to the Online Social Network.
Gap junction inhibition by heptanol increases ventricular arrhythmogenicity by reducing conduction velocity without affecting repolarization properties or myocardial refractoriness in Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts

In the current study, arrhythmogenic effects of the gap junction inhibitor heptanol (0.05 mM) were examined in Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts. Monophasic action potential recordings were obtained from the left ventricular epicardium during right ventricular pacing. Regular activity was observed both prior and subsequent to application of heptanol in all of the 12 hearts studied during 8 Hz pacing. By contrast, induced ventricular tachycardia (VT) was observed after heptanol treatment in 6/12 hearts using a S1S2 protocol (Fisher's exact test; P<0.05). The arrhythmogenic effects of heptanol were associated with increased activation latencies from 13.2±0.6 to 19.4±1.3 msec (analysis of variance; P<0.001) and reduced conduction velocities (CVs) from 0.23±0.01 to 0.16±0.01 msec (analysis of variance; P<0.001) in an absence of alterations in action potential durations (ADPs) at x=90% (38.0±1.0 vs. 38.3±1.8 msec), 70% (16.8±1.0 vs. 19.5±0.9 msec), 50% (9.2±0.8 vs. 10.1±0.6 msec) or 30% (4.8±0.5 vs. 6.3±0.6 msec) repolarization (APDx) or in effective refractory period (ERPs) (39.6±1.9 vs. 40.6±3.0 msec) (all P>0.05). Consequently, excitation wavelengths (λ; CV × ERP) were reduced from 9.1±0.6 to 6.5±0.6 mm (P<0.01), however critical intervals for re-excitation (APD90- ERP) were unaltered (−1.1±2.4 vs. −2.3±1.8 msec; P>0.05). Together, these observations demonstrate for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that inhibition of gap junctions alone using a low heptanol concentration (0.05 mM) was able to reduce CV, which alone was sufficient to permit the induction of VT using premature stimulation by reducing λ, which therefore appears central in the determination of arrhythmic tendency.
A LONGITUDINAL STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF HYPERMEDIA ON LEARNING DIMENSIONS, CULTURE AND TEACHING EVALUATION

Earlier studies have found the effectiveness of hypermedia systems as learning tools heavily depend on their compatibility with the cognitive processes by which students perceive, understand and learn from complex information sources. Hence, a learner’s cognitive style plays a significant role in determining how much is learned from a hypermedia learning system. A longitudinal study of Australian and Malaysian students was conducted over two semesters in 2008. Five types of predictor variables were investigated with cognitive style: (i) learning dimensions (nonlinear learning, learner control, multiple tools); (ii) culture dimensions (power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, long/short term orientation); (iii) evaluation of units; (iv) student demographics; and (v) country in which students studied. This study uses both multiple linear regression and linear mixed effects to model the relationships among the variables. The results from this study support the findings of a cross-sectional study conducted by Lee et al. (2010); in particular, the predictor variables are significant to determine students’ cognitive style.
Favouring modulation of circulating lipoproteins and lipid loading capacity by direct antiviral agents grazoprevir/elbasvir or ledipasvir/sofosbuvir treatment against chronic HCV infection

Objective Lipid homoeostasis is disturbed in patients with HCV infection. Direct-acting antiviral agent (DAA) treatment eradicates chronic HCV viraemia, but the dynamics of lipid components remain elusive. This study investigates the clinical manifestation and mechanistic relevance of plasma triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (Chol), lipoproteins and apolipoproteins (apos) after DAA treatment. Design Twenty-four patients with chronic genotype 1 (GT1) HCV treated with elbasvir/grazoprevir or ledipasvir/sofosbuvir for 12 weeks, and followed-up thereafter, were recruited. Their TG, Chol, apoAI and apoB levels were quantified in plasma samples and individually fractionated lipoprotein of various classes. Liver fibrosis was evaluated using the FIB-4 Score. The TG and Chol loading capacities were calculated with normalisation to apoB, which represents per very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and LDL particle unit Results DAA treatment achieved a sustained virological response rate of 91.7% and reduced the FIB-4 Score. Relative to the baseline, the plasma TG level was reduced but the Chol level increased gradually. Plasma apoB levels and apoB/apoAI ratio were transiently downregulated as early as the first 4 weeks of treatment. The TG and Chol loading capacities in VLDL were elevated by ~20% during the period of DAA treatment and had steadily increased by 100% at follow-up. Furthermore, the TG-to-Chol ratio in VLDL was increased, while the ratio in LDL was reduced, indicating an efficient catabolism. Conclusion The DAA treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C might lead to efficient HCV eradication and hepatic improvement concomitantly evolving with favouring lipoprotein/apo metabolisms.
The Effects of the European Union’s and China’s Trade Agreements on Africa’s Exports

Empirical studies have shown that trade agreements have different effects on countries based on their level of development, especially in trade potentials. There have been several trade agreements between North-South and South-South countries, which are accompanied with different outcomes based on output, macroeconomic stability and compliance with the agreements reached. This study evaluates the effects of Africa.s trade agreements with the European Union (EU) and China on Africa.s exports. This study found that trade agreements in both trade relations have not brought any significant increment to Africa.s exports and that more market access conditions exist in South markets than in the North markets.
Missing samples estimation in electromagnetic articulography data using equality constrained kalman smoother

Electromagnetic articulography (EMA) data provides the movement of sensors attached to different articulators of a subject when the subject is speaking. EMA data often contains missing segments due to sensor failure. In this work, we propose an equality constrained Kalman smoother to estimate the missing samples in the EMA data. We incorporate the dynamics of the articulatory movement for missing samples estimation by considering the EMA data vector as the observations from a linear dynamical system. The proposed approach gives 41% reduction on the root mean square error of the estimates compared to the minimum mean square error estimator which does not utilize the dynamics of the articulatory movement. When compared to the maximum a-posteriori estimation with continuity constraints (MAPC) which incorporates smoothness of the articulatory trajectory during estimation, the proposed approach gives an average performance improvement of 4.8%.