Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonintrusive Reduced Order Modelling of Convective Boussinesq Flows

In this paper, we formulate three nonintrusive methods and systematically explore their performance in terms of the ability to reconstruct the quantities of interest and their predictive capabilities. The methods include deterministic dynamic mode decomposition, randomised dynamic mode decomposition and nonlinear proper orthogonal decomposition (NLPOD). We apply these methods to a convection dominated fluid flow problem governed by the Boussinesq equations. We analyse the reconstruction results primarily at two different times for considering different noise levels synthetically added into the data snapshots. Overall, our results indicate that, with a proper selection of the number of retained modes and neural network architectures, all three approaches make predictions that are in a good agreement with the full order model solution. However, we find that the NLPOD approach seems more robust for higher noise levels compared to both dynamic mode decomposition approaches.
Disentangling sub-GeV dark matter from the diffuse supernova neutrino background using Hyper-Kamiokande

The upcoming Hyper-Kamiokande (HyperK) experiment is expected to detect the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background (DSNB). This requires to ponder all possible sources of background. Sub-GeV dark matter (DM) which annihilates into neutrinos is a potential background that has not been considered so far. We simulate DSNB and DM signals, as well as backgrounds in the HyperK detector. We find that DM-induced neutrinos could indeed alter the extraction of the correct values of the parameters of interest for DSNB physics. Since the DSNB is an isotropic signal, and DM originates primarily from the Galactic centre, we show that this effect could be alleviated with an on-off analysis.
Monotonicity of the period map for the equation $-\varphi''+\varphi-\varphi^{k}=0$

In this paper, we establish the monotonicity of the period map in terms of the energy levels for certain periodic solutions of the equation $-\varphi''+\varphi-\varphi^{k}=0$, where $k>1$ is a real number. We present a new approach to demonstrate this property, utilizing spectral information of the corresponding linearized operator around the periodic solution and tools related to Floquet theory.
Learning a Fast 3D Spectral Approach to Object Segmentation and Tracking over Space and Time

We pose video object segmentation as spectral graph clustering in space and time, with one graph node for each pixel and edges forming local space-time neighborhoods. We claim that the strongest cluster in this video graph represents the salient object. We start by introducing a novel and efficient method based on 3D filtering for approximating the spectral solution, as the principal eigenvector of the graph's adjacency matrix, without explicitly building the matrix. This key property allows us to have a fast parallel implementation on GPU, orders of magnitude faster than classical approaches for computing the eigenvector. Our motivation for a spectral space-time clustering approach, unique in video semantic segmentation literature, is that such clustering is dedicated to preserving object consistency over time, which we evaluate using our novel segmentation consistency measure. Further on, we show how to efficiently learn the solution over multiple input feature channels. Finally, we extend the formulation of our approach beyond the segmentation task, into the realm of object tracking. In extensive experiments we show significant improvements over top methods, as well as over powerful ensembles that combine them, achieving state-of-the-art on multiple benchmarks, both for tracking and segmentation.
Study of B + → pnπ 0

K. -N. Chu , Y. -R. Lin , M. -Z. Wang , I. Adachi , K. Adamczyk , H. Aihara , S. Al Said , D. M. Asner , H. Atmacan , V. Aulchenko , T. Aushev , R. Ayad , V. Babu , Sw. Banerjee , P. Behera , K. Belous , J. Bennett , M. Bessner , V. Bhardwaj , B. Bhuyan , T. Bilka , D. Biswas , D. Bodrov , G. Bonvicini , J. Borah , A. Bozek , M. Bračko , P. Branchini , T. E. Browder , A. Budano , M. Campajola , D. Červenkov , M. -C. Chang , P. Chang , A. Chen , B. G. Cheon , K. Chilikin , H. E. Cho , K. Cho , S. -J. Cho , S. -K. Choi , Y. Choi , S. Choudhury , D. Cinabro , G. De Nardo , G. De Pietro , R. Dhamija , F. Di Capua , J. Dingfelder , Z. Doležal , T. V. Dong , D. Epifanov , T. Ferber , D. Ferlewicz , B. G. Fulsom , V. Gaur , A. Garmash , A. Giri , P. Goldenzweig , B. Golob , E. Graziani , T. Gu , K. Gudkova , C. Hadjivasiliou , S. Halder , X. Han , K. Hayasaka , H. Hayashii , W. -S. Hou , C. -L. Hsu , K. Huang , T. Iijima , K. Inami , N. Ipsita , A. Ishikawa , R. Itoh , M. Iwasaki , W. W. Jacobs , E. -J. Jang , Y. Jin , K. K. Joo , D. Kalita , A. B. Kaliyar , T. Kawasaki , C. Kiesling , C. H. Kim , D. Y. Kim , K. -H. Kim , Y. -K. Kim , P. Kodyš , T. Konno , A. Korobov , S. Korpar , E. Kovalenko , P. Križan , P. Krokovny , T. Kuhr , R. Kumar , K. Kumara , A. Kuzmin , Y. -J. Kwon , Y. -T. Lai , T. Lam , J. S. Lange , S. C. Lee , C. H. Li , J. Li , L. K. Li , S. X. Li , Y. Li , Y. B. Li , L. Li Gioi , J. Libby , K. Lieret , D. Liventsev , T. Luo , M. Masuda , T. Matsuda , D. Matvienko , S. K. Maurya , F. Meier , M. Merola , F. Metzner , K. Miyabayashi , R. Mizuk , G. B. Mohanty , I. Nakamura , M. Nakao , Z. Natkaniec , A. Natochii , L. Nayak , N. K. Nisar , S. Nishida , Y. Onuki , P. Oskin , P. Pakhlov , G. Pakhlova , S. Pardi , H. Park , J. Park , A. Passeri , S. Paul , T. K. Pedlar , R. Pestotnik , L. E. Piilonen , T. Podobnik , E. Prencipe , M. T. Prim , A. Rostomyan , N. Rout , G. Russo , S. Sandilya , L. Santelj , V. Savinov , G. Schnell , C. Schwanda , Y. Seino , K. Senyo , M. E. Sevior , W. Shan , M. Shapkin , C. Sharma , C. P. Shen , J.-G. Shiu , B. Shwartz , F. Simon , A. Sokolov , E. Solovieva , M. Starič , Z. S. Stottler , J. F. Strube , M. Sumihama , K. Sumisawa , T. Sumiyoshi , M. Takizawa , U. Tamponi , K. Tanida , F. Tenchini , K. Trabelsi , M. Uchida , T. Uglov , Y. Unno , S. Uno , P. Urquijo , Y. Usov , S. E. Vahsen , R. van Tonder , G. Varner , K. E. Varvell , A. Vinokurova , A. Vossen , S. Watanuki , E. Won , X. Xu , B. D. Yabsley , W. Yan , S. B. Yang , J. Yelton , J. H. Yin , C. Z. Yuan , L. Yuan , Y. Yusa , Z. P. Zhang , V. Zhilich , and V. Zhukova (The Belle Collaboration)
SOUTHERN SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS. I.

We have obtained new observations of both secondary and tertiary spectrophotometric standards with the RC spectrographs and CCD cameras on the 1.5-m and 4-m telescopes at CTIO in the wavelength range of 3300-7550 angstroms, as well as UBV(RI)KC photometry for these stars. We have modified the monochromatic fluxes of the secondary spectrophotometric standards published by Taylor (1984) according to the new calibration of Vega provided by Hayes (1985). We have also uned the zero-point of the energy distribution of these stars by matching their V synthetic magnitudes to the observed magnitudes. We use these adjusted spectrophotometric standards in order to calculate ne fluxes for the tertiary standards of Stone and Baldwin (1983), as well as for three stars of the northern hemisphere from Stone (1977). We find that the synthetic magnitudes calculated from our spectra through the B and V bands agree extremely well with our photometry, to better than 1% on average. For the monochromatic fluxes, we find an internal precision better than 0.01 mag at all wavelengths, and a fair agreement with previous measurements of the tertiary standards. We present also a fine grid of averaged monochromatic fluxes (at continuous steps of 16 angstroms) for the ten secondary standards selected for our program, to be used in the flux calibration of high dispersion spectra.
Relaxation toward states of minimum energy in a compact torus

A finite‐difference, resistive, magnetohydrodynamic code is used to follow the long‐time evolution of decaying nonequilibrium states inside a rigid, perfectly conducting cylindrical boundary. The energy‐to‐magnetic helicity ratio decays toward a minimum, in accord with a conjecture of Taylor. The magnetic Reynolds number is considerably higher than the mechanical Reynolds number for the regime considered. The energy, which is mostly magnetic, tends to decay in bursts associated with current filamentation and magnetic reconnection.
A Comparison of Some Tests for Determining the Number of Nonzero Canonical Correlations

When considering the relationships between two sets of variates, the number of nonzero population canonical correlations may be called the dimensionality. In the literature, several tests for dimensionality in the canonical correlation analysis are known. A comparison of seven sequential test procedures is presented, using results from some simulation study. The tests are compared with regard to the relative frequencies of underestimation, correct estimation, and overestimation of the true dimensionality. Some conclusions from the simulation results are drawn.
Positive Personal Development through eSports Research-in-Progress

This research-in-progress paper investigates the personal development players experience from eSports participation by identifying the benefits that players gain from play, and why these are important to players. This study utilises a qualitative methodology consisting of semi-structured laddering interviews, and content analysis to analyse data. 12 high level groups, split into 8 benefits and 4 values, were identified of importance to players, with the attainment of these benefits allowing eSports players to achieve their values. The initial identification of benefits and values contribute towards IS literature by understanding how benefits can drive player participation in eSports, and how benefits are tied to players’ values. The results of this study can also be leveraged to promote eSports to external audiences to improve its legitimacy and perception.
Botnet Business Models, Takedown Attempts, and the Darkweb Market: A Survey

Botnets account for a substantial portion of cybercrime. Botmasters utilize darkweb marketplaces to promote and provide their services, which can vary from renting or buying a botnet (or parts of it) to hiring services (e.g., distributed denial of service attacks). At the same time, botnet takedown attempts have proven to be challenging, demanding a combination of technical and legal methods, and often requiring the collaboration of a plethora of entities with varying jurisdictions. In this article, we map the elements associated with the business aspect of botnets and utilize them to develop adaptations of two widely used business models. Furthermore, we analyze the 28 most notable botnet takedown operations carried out from 2008 to 2021, in regard to the methods employed, and illustrate the correlation between these methods and the segments of our adapted business models. Our analysis suggests that the botnet takedown methods have been mainly focused on the technical side, but not on the botnet economic components. We aim to shed light on new takedown vectors and incentivize takedown actors to expand their efforts to methods oriented more toward the business side of botnets, which could contribute toward eliminating some of the challenges that surround takedown operations.
Influential Global and Local Contexts Guided Trace Representation for Fault Localization

Trace data is critical for fault localization (FL) to analyze suspicious statements potentially responsible for a failure. However, existing trace representation meets its bottleneck mainly in two aspects: (1) the trace information of a statement is restricted to a local context (i.e., a test case) without the consideration of a global context (i.e., all test cases of a test suite); (2) it just uses the ‘occurrence’ for representation without strong FL semantics. Thus, we propose UNITE: an inflUential coNtext-GuIded Trace rEpresentation, representing the trace from both global and local contexts with influential semantics for FL. UNITE embodies and implements two key ideas: (1) UNITE leverages the widely used weighting capability from local and global contexts of information retrieval to reflect how important a statement (a word) is to a test case (a document) in all test cases of a test suite (a collection), where a test case (a document) and all test cases of a test suite (a collection) represent local and global contexts respectively; (2) UNITE further elaborates the trace representation from ‘occurrence’ (weak semantics) to ‘influence’ (strong semantics) by combing program dependencies. The large-scale experiments on 12 FL techniques and 20 programs show that UNITE significantly improves FL effectiveness.
DDAM: Data Distribution-Aware Mapping of CNNs on Processing-In-Memory Systems

Convolution neural networks (CNNs) are widely used algorithms in image processing, natural language processing and many other fields. The large amount of memory access of CNNs is one of the major concerns in CNN accelerator designs that influences the performance and energy-efficiency. With fast and low-cost memory access, Processing-In-Memory (PIM) system is a feasible solution to alleviate the memory concern of CNNs. However, the distributed manner of data storing in PIM systems is in conflict with the large amount of data reuse of CNN layers. Nodes of PIM systems may need to share their data with each other before processing a CNN layer, leading to extra communication overhead. In this article, we propose DDAM to map CNNs onto PIM systems with the communication overhead reduced. Firstly, A data transfer strategy is proposed to deal with the data sharing requirement among PIM nodes by formulating a Traveling-Salesman-Problem (TSP). To improve data locality, a dynamic programming algorithm is proposed to partition the CNN and allocate a number of nodes to each part. Finally, an integer linear programming (ILP)-based mapping algorithm is proposed to map the partitioned CNN onto the PIM system. Experimental results show that compared to the baselines, DDAM can get a higher throughput of 2.0× with the energy cost reduced by 37% on average.
A Sampled-Data Formulation for Boundary Control of a Longitudinal Elastic Bar

The sampled-data boundary control problem for a longitudinal flexible bar is formulated as a linear discrete-time control problem in an infinite-dimensional state space. With zero-order-hold applied to the control channel, the system is lifted into an infinite sequence of constant control problems. The finite-dimensional approximation of the discrete-time system is controllable-observable if the sampling period satisfies some inequality constraints, which are related to the associated eigenvalues.
A new system to prevent SARS-CoV-2 and microorganism air transmission through the air circulation system of endoscopes

Abstract Background and study aims Evidence for the modes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 remains controversial. Recently, the potential for airborne spread of SARS-CoV-2 has been stressed. Air circulation in gastrointestinal light source boxes and endoscopes could be implicated in airborne transmission of microorganisms. Methods The ENDOBOX SC is a 600 × 600 mm cube designed to contain any type of machine used during gastrointestinal endoscopy. It allows for a 100-mm space between a machine and the walls of the ENDOBOX SC. To use the ENDOBOX SC, it is connected to the medical air system and it provides positive flow from the box to the endoscopy room. The ENDOBOX SC uses medical air to inflate the digestive tract and to decrease the temperature induced by the microprocessors or by the lamp. ENDOBOX SC has been investigated in different environments. Results An endoscopic procedure performed without ventilation was interrupted after 40 minutes to prevent computer damage. During the first 30 minutes, the temperature increased from 18 °C to 31 °C with a LED system. The procedure with fans identified variations in temperature inside the ENDOBOX SC from 21 to 26 °C (± 5 °C) 1 hour after the start of the procedure. The temperature was stable for the next 3 hours. Conclusions ENDOBOX SC prevents the increase in temperature induced by lamps and processors, allows access to all necessary connections into the endoscopic columns, and creates a sterile and positive pressure volume, which prevents potential contamination from microorganisms.
Synergistic Combinations of FDA-Approved Drugs with Ceftobiprole against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Antimicrobial resistance represents a serious threat to public health. Antibacterial agent combinations provide a potential approach to combating this problem, and synergistic agent combinations—in which each agent enhances the antimicrobial activity of the other—are particularly valuable in this regard. ABSTRACT New strategies are urgently needed to address the public health threat of antimicrobial resistance. Synergistic agent combinations provide one possible pathway toward addressing this need and are also of fundamental mechanistic interest. Effective methods for comprehensively identifying synergistic agent combinations are required for such efforts. In this study, an FDA-approved drug library was screened against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (ATCC 43300) in the absence and presence of sub-MIC levels of ceftobiprole, a PBP2a-targeted anti-MRSA β-lactam. This screening identified numerous potential synergistic agent combinations, which were then confirmed and characterized for synergy using checkerboard analyses. The initial group of synergistic agents (sum of the minimum fractional inhibitory concentration ∑FICmin ≤0.5) were all β-lactamase-resistant β-lactams (cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, flucloxacillin, oxacillin, nafcillin, and cefotaxime). Cloxacillin—the agent with the greatest synergy with ceftobiprole—is also highly synergistic with ceftaroline, another PBP2a-targeted β-lactam. Further follow-up studies revealed a range of ceftobiprole synergies with other β-lactams, including with imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin, tazobactam, and cefoxitin. Interestingly, given that essentially all other ceftobiprole-β-lactam combinations showed synergy, ceftaroline and ceftobiprole showed no synergy. Modest to no synergy (0.5 < ∑FICmin ≤ 1.0) was observed for several non-β-lactam agents, including vancomycin, daptomycin, balofloxacin, and floxuridine. Mupirocin had antagonistic activity with ceftobiprole. Flucloxacillin appeared particularly promising, with both a low intrinsic MIC and good synergy with ceftobiprole. That so many β-lactam combinations with ceftobiprole show synergy suggests that β-lactam combinations can generally increase β-lactam effectiveness and may also be useful in reducing resistance emergence and spread in MRSA. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance represents a serious threat to public health. Antibacterial agent combinations provide a potential approach to combating this problem, and synergistic agent combinations—in which each agent enhances the antimicrobial activity of the other—are particularly valuable in this regard. Ceftobiprole is a late-generation β-lactam antibiotic developed for MRSA infections. Resistance has emerged to ceftobiprole, jeopardizing this agent’s effectiveness. To identify synergistic agent combinations with ceftobiprole, an FDA-approved drug library was screened for potential synergistic combinations with ceftobiprole. This screening and follow-up studies identified numerous β-lactams with ceftobiprole synergy.
Recent stellarator research

This paper intends to review recent stellarator research in various laboratories. Efforts are continuously and actively being made to improve the confinement of plasmas in stellarator fields. Advances in confinement theory are summarized. Experimental results concerning Ohmically heated plasmas as well as currentless plasmas are reviewed. Finally, stellarator reactor studies are briefly introduced.
Genetic and Environmental Investigation of a Novel Phenylamino Acetamide Inhibitor of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type III Secretion System

New antimicrobial therapies are urgently needed, since antibiotic resistance in human pathogens has become one of the world’s most urgent public health problems. Antivirulence therapy has been considered a promising alternative for the management of infectious diseases, as antivirulence compounds target only the virulence factors instead of the growth of bacteria, and they are therefore unlikely to affect commensal microorganisms. ABSTRACT Traditional antibiotics target essential cellular components or metabolic pathways conserved in both pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria. Unfortunately, long-term antibiotic use often leads to antibiotic resistance and disruption of the overall microbiota. In this work, we identified a phenylamino acetamide compound, named 187R, that strongly inhibited the expression of the type III secretion system (T3SS) encoding genes and the secretion of the T3SS effector proteins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. T3SS is an important virulence factor, as T3SS-deficient strains of P. aeruginosa are greatly attenuated in virulence. We further showed that 187R had no effect on bacterial growth, implying a reduced selective pressure for the development of resistance. 187R-mediated repression of T3SS was dependent on ExsA, the master regulator of T3SS in P. aeruginosa. The impact of 187R on the host-associated microbial community was also tested using the Arabidopsis thaliana phyllosphere as a model. Both culture-independent (Illumina sequencing) and culture-dependent (Biolog) methods showed that the application of 187R had little impact on the composition and function of microbial community compared to the antibiotic streptomycin. Together, these results suggested that compounds that target virulence factors could serve as an alternative strategy for disease management caused by bacterial pathogens. IMPORTANCE New antimicrobial therapies are urgently needed, since antibiotic resistance in human pathogens has become one of the world’s most urgent public health problems. Antivirulence therapy has been considered a promising alternative for the management of infectious diseases, as antivirulence compounds target only the virulence factors instead of the growth of bacteria, and they are therefore unlikely to affect commensal microorganisms. However, the impacts of antivirulence compounds on the host microbiota are not well understood. We report a potent synthetic inhibitor of the P. aeruginosa T3SS, 187R, and its effect on the host microbiota of Arabidopsis. Both culture-independent (Illumina sequencing) and culture-dependent (Biolog) methods showed that the impacts of the antivirulence compound on the composition and function of host microbiota were limited. These results suggest that antivirulence compounds can be a potential alternative method to antibiotics.
What elicits music-evoked nostalgia? An exploratory study among college students

The purpose of this study was to further explore how song (a) familiarity, (b) enjoyment, (c) autobiographical salience, and (d) emotional arousal as well as a person’s (e) current mood state and (f) nostalgia proneness predicted music-evoked nostalgia. This study also measured the strength of the relationship between self-reports of arousal and electrodermal activity (EDA). Thirty people were recruited from a sample of university students using a multilevel model with repeated measures design. Procedures included listening to personalized playlists to elicit feelings of nostalgia while EDA collected changes in emotional arousal. Participants then answered questions about song familiarity, enjoyment, autobiographical salience, and arousal. Results indicated autobiographical salience was the best predictor of music-evoked nostalgia while holding all other variables constant. Mean skin conductance level ( x ¯ SCL ) did not correlate with self-reports of arousal. Therefore, this study supports the hypothesis that autobiographical salience predicted music-evoked nostalgia; however, this study did not support the hypothesis of a relationship between self-reports of arousal and EDA. Future research should continue to explore the influence of arousal on nostalgia.