Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal control of midazolam infusion for post operative patients in intensive care units

The critical task of anesthesia administration demands minimal drug titration by considering patient specific features and sedation requirements. Though there exist several sedation assessment monitors, physicians still largely rely on subjective sedation scoring systems. This paper presents an optimal infusion controller for the continuous infusion of midazolam along with the analgesic fentanyl. Specifically, we extend the convex optimization-based optimal drug dosing regimen for propofol presented in [1] to midazolam. We also propose an alternative optimization approach using the Kullback-Leibler divergence measure of two probability distributions. A stochastic pharmacodynamic model is used that utilizes the modified Ramsay sedation scoring method to link the plasma drug concentration and the effective probabilistic sedation level.
Possible interaction of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase genes with the dopamine D2 receptor gene in anxiety-depressive alcohol dependence.

BACKGROUND The role of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene in the development of alcohol abuse or dependence is controversial. The controversy is due in part to the disparate definitions pertaining to the control groups used and to the definitions of subtypes in alcohol dependence. In the Han Chinese population, the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B*2/*2 (ADH1B*2/*2) genotype and the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2*2 (ALDH2*2) allele have been considered as protective factors against alcohol abuse or dependence. Moreover, the ADH1B and ALDH2 genes might be involved in dopamine metabolism. We hypothesized that the ADH1B and ALDH2 genes might interact with the DRD2 gene and that the association between the DRD2 gene and alcohol dependence might be affected by different ADH1B and ALDH2 genotypes. This study examined whether the DRD2 gene is associated with specific subtypes of alcohol dependence and evaluated the relationship between the DRD2 gene and alcohol-metabolizing genes in a specific subtype of alcohol dependence. METHODS Of the 465 Han Chinese subjects who were recruited for the study, 71 were classified with pure alcohol dependence, 113 with both alcohol dependence and anxiety-depression (ANX/DEP ALC), and 129 with anxiety-depression but without alcohol dependence (ANX/DEP). The remaining 152 subjects were supernormal controls. All subjects were interviewed with the Chinese version of the modified Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime; all alcohol dependence, anxiety, and major depressive diagnoses were made according to DSM-IV criteria. RESULTS The DRD2 gene was not found to be associated with pure alcohol dependence or ANX/DEP, but was found to be associated with ANX/DEP ALC. Furthermore, the association between the DRD2 gene and ANX/DEP ALC was shown to be under the control of the ALDH2*1/*1 and ADH1B*1/*2 genotypes. CONCLUSIONS ANX/DEP ALC is a specific subtype of alcohol dependence. Because ANX/DEP ALC was associated with the DRD2 gene only under the stratification of ADH1B*1/*2 or ALDH2*1/*1, the DRD2 gene might interact with the ADH1B gene and the ALDH2 gene, respectively, in the development of ANX/DEP ALC in the Taiwan Han Chinese population.
Endoscopic Sphincterotomy in the Management of Bile Duct Stones in Children

OBJECTIVE:Endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) is a widely accepted method of extracting bile duct stones (BDS) in young as well as in elderly patients. The present study was undertaken to assess the safety and efficacy of ES for the treatment of BDS in children, seven of whom were critically sick because of suppurative cholangitis or pancreatitis.METHODS:Over a period of 33 months, ES was performed in 16 consecutive children aged 7–16 yr with BDS. Nine patients had gallbladder in situ, and seven had previously undergone cholecystectomy. The coexisting abnormalities were gallstones and hepatic duct stones in one patient each and dead fragmented roundworms in 11 patients. Seven (five with an intact gallbladder and two cholecystectomized) patients presented with severe complications of BDS such as severe cholangitis in six and acute severe pancreatitis in one.RESULTS:ES was technically successful in all patients, and complete stone extraction was achieved in 15 (93.8%) patients. Complications were minor bleeding in one (6.3%) patient without mortality. One patient with coexisting gallstones underwent cholecystectomy at a later date. During a mean follow-up period of 4–32 months, one patient developed recurrent biliary symptoms because of biliary ascariasis.CONCLUSIONS:We conclude ES is a safe and an effective method of treating BDS in children with previous cholecystectomy, and in those presenting with severe complications of BDS, such as pyogenic cholangitis or acute pancreatitis regardless of the presence of gallbladder.
A survey of fuzzy control for stabilized platforms

This paper focusses on the application of fuzzy control techniques (fuzzy type-1 and type-2) and their hybrid forms (Hybrid adaptive fuzzy controller and fuzzy-PID controller) in the area of stabilized platforms. It represents an attempt to cover the basic principles and concepts of fuzzy control in stabilization and position control, with an outline of a number of recent applications used in advanced control of stabilized platform. Overall, in this survey we will make some comparisons with the classical control techniques such us PID control to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of the application of fuzzy control techniques.
Exenatide effects on diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular risk factors and hepatic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes treated for at least 3 years.

BACKGROUND Exenatide, an incretin mimetic for adjunctive treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), reduced hemoglobin A(1c) (A1C) and weight in clinical trials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of > or = 3 years exenatide therapy on glycemic control, body weight, cardiometabolic markers, and safety. METHODS Patients from three placebo-controlled trials and their open-label extensions were enrolled into one open-ended, open-label clinical trial. Patients were randomized to twice daily (BID) placebo, 5 mug exenatide, or 10 mug exenatide for 30 weeks, followed by 5 mug exenatide BID for 4 weeks, then 10 mug exenatide BID for > or = 3 years of exenatide exposure. Patients continued metformin and/or sulfonylureas. RESULTS 217 patients (64% male, age 58 +/- 10 years, weight 99 +/- 18 kg, BMI 34 +/- 5 kg/m(2), A1C 8.2 +/- 1.0% [mean +/- SD]) completed 3 years of exenatide exposure. Reductions in A1C from baseline to week 12 (-1.1 +/- 0.1% [mean +/- SEM]) were sustained to 3 years (-1.0 +/- 0.1%; p < 0.0001), with 46% achieving A1C < or = 7%. Exenatide progressively reduced body weight from baseline (-5.3 +/- 0.4 kg at 3 years; p < 0.0001). Patients with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at baseline (n = 116) had reduced ALT (-10.4 +/- 1.5 IU/L; p < 0.0001) and 41% achieved normal ALT. Patients with elevated ALT at baseline tended to lose more weight than patients with normal ALT at baseline (-6.1 +/- 0.6 kg vs. -4.4 +/- 0.5 kg; p = 0.03), however weight change was minimally correlated with baseline ALT (r = -0.01) or ALT change (r = 0.31). Homeostasis Model Assessment B (HOMA-B), blood pressure, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) all improved. A subset achieved 3.5 years of exenatide exposure and had serum lipids available for analysis (n = 151). Triglycerides decreased 12% (p = 0.0003), total cholesterol decreased 5% (p = 0.0007), LDL-C decreased 6% (p < 0.0001), and HDL-C increased 24% (p < 0.0001). Exenatide was generally well tolerated. The most frequent adverse event was mild-to-moderate nausea. The main limitation of this study is the open-label, uncontrolled nature of the study design which does not provide a placebo group for comparison. CONCLUSION Adjunctive exenatide treatment for > or = 3 years in T2DM patients resulted in sustained improvements in glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors, and hepatic biomarkers, coupled with progressive weight reduction.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Adherence for Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Objective. To determine predictors of patient adherence to CPAP. Design. A retrospective chart review identified patients with AHI values greater than 15 who were recommended to receive CPAP. Compliance was measured at a 1-to 4-month interval and at 1 year. Results. There were 106 of 368 (29%) patients who received CPAP therapy that were compliant with CPAP use at 1 to 4 months. Forty-six patients (12%) were using CPAP at one year. For the male group at one year, the model demonstrated the AHI value (P value = .026) as a predictor of compliance if greater than 27.3 and a significant two-way interaction between age and AHI (P = .023). Increased length of time from the initial visit and receiving the CPAP machine was associated with poorer compliance (P = .002). Those living in areas with higher incomes and with a higher percentage of non-high-school graduates were more likely to be compliant (P = .01 and P = .044). Conclusion. Older male patients with higher AHI values were noted to be more adherent to CPAP. Efforts should be made to try to minimize the length of time between the initial visit and the time to receive CPAP to improve compliance.
Effective Bounds on Strong Unicity in L1-Approximation

In this paper we present another case study in the general project of Proof Mining which means the logical analysis of prima facie non-effective proofs with the aim of extracting new computationally relevant data. We use techniques based on monotone functional interpretation (developed in [17]) to analyze Cheney's simplification [6] of Jackson's original proof [9] from 1921 of the uniqueness of the best L1-approximation of continuous functions f in C[0, 1] by polynomials p in Pn of degree generalizes `strong uniqueness' studied extensively in approximation theory). Moreover, the extracted modulus has the optimal epsilon-dependence as follows from Kroo [20]. The paper also describes how the uniform modulus of uniqueness can be used to compute the best L1-approximations of a fixed f in C[0, 1] with arbitrary precision, and includes some remarks on the case of best Chebychev approximation.
Efficient Named Entity Annotation through Pre-empting

Linguistic annotation is time-consuming and expensive. One common annotation task is to mark entities - such as names of people, places and organisations - in text. In a document, many segments of text often contain no entities at all. We show that these segments are worth skipping, and demonstrate a technique for reducing the amount of entity-less text examined by annotators, which we call "preempting". This technique is evaluated in a crowdsourcing scenario, where it provides downstream performance improvements for the same size corpus.
HCV Core IgM and IgG Antibodies in Blood Donors

Screening of blood donors for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) has been instrumental in the reduction of posttransfusion hepatitis. However, since currently available screening assays predominantly measure IgG antibodies, the fraction of infected individuals among anti-HCVpositive blood donors is unknown. As HCV IgM has been described as a marker of disease activity and appears to be associated with HCV RNA [I], we assayed a European population of blood donors using the Abbott HCV IgM EIA: ( I ) to evaluate the presence of HCV core IgM and HCV IgG antibodies in a blood donor population unscreened for HCV and (2) to demonstrate specificity ofthe HCV IgG and HCV Core IgM antibody response. One third of confirmed antiHCV-IgG-positive blood donors were found to be HCVcore-IgM-confirmed positive.
An Out-of-the-box Full-Network Embedding for Convolutional Neural Networks

Features extracted through transfer learning can be used to exploit deep learning representations in contexts where there are very few training samples, where there are limited computational resources, or when the tuning of hyper-parameters needed for training deep neural networks is unfeasible. In this paper we propose a novel feature extraction embedding called full-network embedding. This embedding is based on two main points. First, the use of all layers of the network, integrating activations from different levels of information and from different types of layers (\ie convolutional and fully connected). Second, the contextualisation and leverage of information based on a novel three-valued discretisation method. The former provides extra information useful to extend the characterisation of data, while the later reduces noise and regularises the embedding space. Significantly, this also reduces the computational cost of processing the resultant representations. The proposed method is shown to outperform single layer embeddings on several image classification tasks, while also being more robust to the choice of the pre-trained model used as the transfer source.
Tasks and social interaction: the relevance of naturalistic analyses of conduct for requirements engineering

Methods for requirements elicitation have emphasized techniques for their elicitation and representation. The conception of tasks embodied in these methods is often vague or left implicit and generally characterized in individualistic terms. The authors draw from empirical materials to reveal the social and collaborative nature of task that is also overlooked in participative design or in attempts to elicit multiple viewpoints of an activity. Exploring the socio-interactional nature of activities leads to some radical implications for the technological design. An approach that utilizes ethnographic studies of real-world settings with detailed analysis of interactions of the participants may make an important contribution to the development of requirements method. <<ETX>>
Increased nucleic Acid receptor expression in chronic periodontitis.

BACKGROUND Nucleic acid sensing has emerged as one of the important components of the immune system triggering inflammation. The aim of this study is to determine the expression of bacterial DNA sensors, including Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9), DNA-dependent activator of interferon-regulatory factors (DAI), and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) in chronic periodontitis (CP versus healthy) (H) tissues. METHODS Thirty-five CP and 27 H gingival biopsies were included. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine mRNA levels of AIM2, DAI, and TLRs (TLR-1 through TLR-9). The difference in gene expression for each sensor between CP and H tissues was calculated using analysis of covariance. The Spearman test was used to determine correlations among innate receptors. The expression of TLR-9, AIM2, and DAI in gingival tissues was further confirmed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The present results reveal statistically significant upregulation of TLR-9 (P <0.006), DAI (P <0.001), and TLR-8 (P <0.01) in CP tissues compared to H sites. Although mRNA expression was not changed significantly between groups for other receptors, the present results reveal significant correlations between receptors (P <0.05), suggesting that cooperation between multiple components of the host immune system may influence the overall response. Immunohistochemistry further confirmed expression of TLR-9, AIM2, and DAI in gingival tissues. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights a possible role for nucleic acid receptors in periodontal inflammation. Future investigations will determine whether cytoplasmic receptors and their ligands can be targeted to improve clinical outcomes in periodontitis.
Neural Networks in Predicting Myers Brigg Personality Type From Writing Style

Personality is the defining essence of an individual as it guides the way we think, act, and interpret external stimuli. Over the past century, aspects of personality have been studied from many angles whether through analyzing interpersonal relationships, team dynamics, and social networks or through works in neuroscience that reveal the biological underpinnings of personality traits. While many components of our personality remain consistent with time, behaviors are not as stable given they adapt to environmental situations and integrate habits that one accumulates throughout their life. Understanding the underlying essence of a person amidst the noise of behavior is a very highly sought out problem. Many studies have aimed to predict personality by analyzing patterns in ones behavior, pictures, and even handwriting. The brain regions that encode for various personality traits are often coupled with regions responsible with verbal and written communication. Furthermore, the advent of social media and an increasingly connected online community makes personalized textual data increasingly available. In this study, we hypothesize that an individuals writing style is largely coupled with their personality traits and present a deep learning model to predict Myers Briggs Personality Type through textual data from books. Developing an accurate model and opening this question of research would have significant implications in the business intelligence, relationship compatability analysis, and other fields in sociology.
Dynamic Thermo-mechanical Phase-field Models for Martensitic Transformations in Shape Memory Alloys

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) exhibit complex microstructures and non-linear hysteretic behaviors that arise from a strong interaction between mechanical and thermal phenomena. It is imperative to couple the thermal physics and the mechanical dynamics to study the influence of such coupling on the mechanical properties of SMA systems, including nanostructures. However, the majority of phase-field models in the literature related to SMAs account for structural physics only. With the aim to incorporate thermal physics, in this thesis, first the 2D and 3D dynamic fully coupled thermo-mechanical phase-field models are developed based on the strain-based order parameters. The developed models are highly nonlinear, strongly hysteretic with fourth-order spatial differential terms, which impose several computational challenges. Secondly, to overcome these computational challenges, a numerical formulation based on the isogeometric analysis is developed for a straightforward solution to the fourth-order differential equations using continuously differentiable non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS). Several numerical examples of microstructure evolution in SMA systems, in particular nanostructures of different geometries, under temperature and stress induced loadings illustrated the flexibility, accuracy and robustness of the developed numerical formulation. The numerical simulations revealed a significant impact of the temperature dynamics on mechanical properties of SMAs. The developed models successfully captured experimentally observed mechanical and thermal hysteresis phenomena, local non-uniform phase transformations and correspond-
Is It Possible to Predict Sepsis, the Most Serious Complication in Prostate Biopsy?

Objective: Prostate biopsy for the diagnosis of prostate cancer by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) is a common procedure used in daily urology practice with a low complication rate and easy applicability. In this study, the precipitating factors and prophylaxis for sepsis, the worst complication of the procedure, were assessed. Patients and Methods: 2,023 patients with suspected prostate cancer who underwent biopsy by TRUS in one center were assessed retrospectively. The relationship between sepsis and age, serum total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, PSA density, prostate volume, number of biopsies, number of repeated biopsies, accompanying diagnosis of prostatitis, presence of urethral catheter, and presence of diabetes mellitus was assessed. Data were analyzed using the t test and logistic regression analysis. Results: Of the 2,023 patients, 62 (3.06%) developed sepsis within 5 days after biopsy. There was no significant relationship between the biopsy and the above parameters using the logistic regression analysis. Using the t test, it was found that the number of biopsy cores (p < 0.001), presence of urethral catheter (p < 0.0001), and presence of diabetes mellitus (p < 0.0001) were predictive factors for sepsis. Conclusion: Sepsis is a rare but life-threatening complication after prostate biopsy by TRUS. Although preoperative prophylactic oral antibiotics and enema before biopsy have proven to be effective in decreasing urinary tract infection rates, patients with urethral catheter, diabetes mellitus or those to undergo biopsy from more sites than ten cores should be closely monitored after biopsy.
PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN Updegraff et al. / EFFECTS OF HIV INFECTION Positive and Negative Effects of HIV Infection in Women With Low Socioeconomic Resources

Predictions generated by cognitive adaptation theory and conservation of resources theory were tested with regard to positive and negative changes associated with HIV infection in an ethnically diverse, low socioeconomic status sample of 189 HIV-positive women. Women reported a significantly greater number of benefits than losses in their experiences with HIV infection. Changes in the domains of the self and life priorities were significantly positive, whereas changes in romantic/sexual relations and view of body were significantly negative. Women who reported more benefits were less likely to report depressive and anxious symptoms. Although health status and optimism significantly predicted depression, anxiety, and negative HIV-related changes, socioeconomic resources (education and income) were the most significant predictors of HIV-related benefit finding. Implications of these results are discussed.
A Survey of Beacon-Enabled IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

IEEE 802.15. 4 is the de facto standard for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) that outlines the specifications of the PHY layer and MAC sub-layer in these networks. The MAC protocol is needed to orchestrate sensor nodes access to the wireless communication medium. Although distinguished by a set of strengths that contributed to its popularity in various WSNs, IEEE 802.15. 4 MAC suffers from several limitations that play a role in deteriorating its performance. Also, from a practical perspective, 80.15. 4-based networks are usually deployed in the vicinity of other wireless networks that operate in the same ISM band. This means that 802.15. 4 MAC should be ready to cope with interference from other networks. These facts have motivated efforts to devise improved IEEE 802.15. 4 MAC protocols for WSNs. In this paper we provide a survey for these protocols and highlight the methodologies they follow to enhance the performance of the IEEE 802.15. 4 MAC protocol.
Multi-voltage and level-shifter assignment driven floorplanning

As technology scales, low power design has become a significant requirement for SOC designers. Among the existing techniques, Multiple-Supply Voltage (MSV) is a popular and effective method to reduce both dynamic and static power. Besides, level shifters consume area and delay, and should be considered during floorplanning. In this paper, we present a new floorplanning system, called MVLSAF, to solve multi-voltage and level shifter assignment problem. We use a convex cost network flow algorithm to assign arbitrary number of legal working voltages and a minimum cost flow algorithm to handle level-shifter assignment. The experimental results show MVLSAF is effective1.