Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Joona Vehanen Handover between LTE and 3 G Radio Access Technologies : Test measurement challenges and field environment test planning

LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a fourth generation cellular network technology that provides improved performance compared to legacy cellular systems. LTE introduces an enhanced air interface as well as a flat, " all-IP " packet data optimized network architecture that provides higher user data rates, reduced latencies and cost efficient operations. The rollout of initial commercial LTE networks is likely based on service hot spots in major cities. The design goal is however to provide a universal mobile service that allows the subscribers to connect to both operator and Internet services anywhere anytime and stay connected as the users are on the move. To provide seamless service, mobility towards widespread legacy radio access technologies such as GSM and UMTS is required. The research topic of this thesis is handover from LTE to 3G cellular networks, which is a high priority item to the operators that seek to provide an all-round service. To satisfy certain quality of service requirements this feature needs to go through a development process that consists of thorough functionality, performance and fault correction testing This thesis introduces a plan for test execution and introduces the tools and procedures required to perform inter radio access technology handover tests. The metrics that indicate the network performance, namely Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), i.e. handover success rate, call drop rate, throughput and handover delay are introduced in detail. In order to provide reliable results, the plan is to perform the measurements in a field environment with realistic radio conditions. With the proper tools such as XCAL for air interface performance analysis, the field tests should provide results that are comparable to tests performed by the operators in live commercial LTE networks.
Pathogenesis of coronary artery disease.

Many aspects of the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease remain to be clarified, and particular interest centers on the metabolism of fats. The author has studied the reactions of patients to different diets by standard chemical studies of total lipids, phospholipids, and cholesterol in the blood and also by a study of the particle-size of the liproproteins of the blood. The results led to the conviction that the diet of patients with coronary artery disease should be designed to maintain the total blood lipid levels as well as the various fractions within normal limits. This is accomplished by limiting the daily intake of total fat to 50 Gm. and keeping the intake of saturated fats as low as possible.
Different Ultimate Factors Define Timing of Breeding in Two Related Species

Correct reproductive timing is crucial for fitness. Breeding phenology even in similar species can differ due to different selective pressures on the timing of reproduction. These selection pressures define species’ responses to warming springs. The temporal match-mismatch hypothesis suggests that timing of breeding in animals is selected to match with food availability (synchrony). Alternatively, time-dependent breeding success (the date hypothesis) can result from other seasonally deteriorating ecological conditions such as intra- or interspecific competition or predation. We studied the effects of two ultimate factors on the timing of breeding, synchrony and other time-dependent factors (time-dependence), in sympatric populations of two related forest-dwelling passerine species, the great tit (Parus major) and the willow tit (Poecile montanus) by modelling recruitment with long-term capture-recapture data. We hypothesized that these two factors have different relevance for fitness in these species. We found that local recruitment in both species showed quadratic relationships with both time-dependence and synchrony. However, the importance of these factors was markedly different between the studied species. Caterpillar food played a predominant role in predicting the timing of breeding of the great tit. In contrast, for the willow tit time-dependence modelled as timing in relation to conspecifics was more important for local recruitment than synchrony. High caterpillar biomass experienced during the pre- and post-fledging periods increased local recruitment of both species. These contrasting results confirm that these species experience different selective pressures upon the timing of breeding, and hence responses to climate change may differ. Detailed information about life-history strategies is required to understand the effects of climate change, even in closely related taxa. The temporal match-mismatch hypothesis should be extended to consider subsequent critical periods when food needs to be abundantly available.
Renegotiating TLS

Transport Layer Security (TLS, RFC 5246 and previous, including SSL v3 and previous) is subject to a number of serious man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks related to renegotiation. In general, these problems allow an MITM to inject an arbitrary amount of chosen plaintext into the beginning of the application protocol stream, leading to a variety of abuse possibilities. In particular, practical attacks against HTTPS client certificate authentication have been demonstrated against recent versions of both Microsoft IIS and Apache httpd on a variety of platforms and in conjunction with a variety of client applications. Cases not involving client certificates have been demonstrated as well. Although this research has focused on the implications specifically for HTTP as the application protocol, the research is ongoing and many of these attacks are expected to generalize well to other protocols layered on TLS.
‘It Doesn't Matter How Big or Small You Are…There's a Position For You’: Body Image Among Female Tackle Football Players

The purpose of this study was explore the body image experiences of women who play tackle football. Data included semi-structured interviews with 15 players on a women's tackle football team in Western Canada. Data were analyzed thematically and objectification theory was used to interpret the findings. Themes that emerged included: a) improved body image through physical change, appreciation of function over appearance and shifting ideals of beauty; b) importance of a social atmosphere that celebrated diverse bodies; and c) negotiation of body image on and off the field. Research has documented a connection between body image and physically active leisure, but much about the nature of the relationship is still unclear. The findings of this study provide insight into elements of physically active leisure (e.g., social atmosphere or nature of the activity) which can be used to promote positive body image, health, and wellness in leisure settings.
Geographical Variation in Diabetes Prevalence and Detection in China: Multilevel Spatial Analysis of 98,058 Adults

OBJECTIVE To investigate the geographic variation in diabetes prevalence and detection in China. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Self-report and biomedical data were collected from 98,058 adults aged ≥18 years (90.5% response) from 162 areas spanning mainland China. Diabetes status was assessed using American Diabetes Association criteria. Among those with diabetes, detection was defined by prior diagnosis. Choropleth maps were used to visually assess geographical variation in each outcome at the provincial level. The odds of each outcome were assessed using multilevel logistic regression, with adjustment for person- and area-level characteristics. RESULTS Geographic visualization at the provincial level indicated widespread variation in diabetes prevalence and detection across China. Regional prevalence adjusted for age, sex, and urban/rural socioeconomic circumstances (SECs) ranged from 8.3% (95% CI 7.2%, 9.7%) in the northeast to 12.7% (11.1%, 14.6%) in the north. A clear negative gradient in diabetes prevalence was observed from 13.1% (12.0%, 14.4%) in the urban high-SEC to 8.7% (7.8%, 9.6%) in rural low-SEC counties/districts. Adjusting for health literacy and other person-level characteristics only partially attenuated these geographic variations. Only one-third of participants living with diabetes had been previously diagnosed, but this also varied substantively by geography. Regional detection adjusted for age, sex, and urban/rural SEC, for example, spanned from 40.4% (34.9%, 46.3%) in the north to 15.6% (11.7%, 20.5%) in the southwest. Compared with detection of 40.8% (37.3%, 44.4%) in urban high-SEC counties, detection was poorest among rural low-SEC counties at just 20.5% (17.7%, 23.7%). Person-level characteristics did not fully account for these geographic variations in diabetes detection. CONCLUSIONS Strategies for addressing diabetes risk and improving detection require geographical targeting.
Form deprivation myopia in mature common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).

PURPOSE Experimental manipulations of visual experience are known to affect the growth of the eye and the development of refractive state in a variety of species including human and nonhuman primates. For example, it is well established that visual form deprivation causes elongation of the eye and myopia. The effects of such manipulations have generally been examined in neonatal or juvenile animals. Whether adolescent common marmosets (a new world primate) are susceptible to form deprivation myopia was studied. METHODS Five adolescent marmosets were used in this study. Monocular form deprivation was induced by lid closure for 12 to 20 weeks, starting between 299 and 315 days of age. The effects of deprivation were assessed with keratometry, A-scan ultrasonography, and cycloplegic refractions. Both eyes (treated and fellow control) were measured before lid-closure, at the end of the deprivation period, and several times over the following 8 to 12 weeks. RESULTS Adolescent marmosets are susceptible to visual form deprivation myopia. The experimental eyes showed significant axial elongation and myopia relative to the fellow control eyes. These changes were smaller, however, than those observed in younger eyes deprived for comparable periods. Like juvenile animals, the adolescent marmosets did not show recovery from myopia over the period monitored. CONCLUSIONS The period for susceptibility to form deprivation myopia in the marmoset monkey extends beyond the early developmental period when ocular growth is rapid and emmetropization normally takes place. Visual form deprivation in adolescent marmosets with adult-sized eyes results in increased ocular growth and myopia. These data suggest that visual factors may influence the growth and refractive development of the human eye after puberty and may be involved in late-onset myopia.
Computer response time and user performance.

Nearly everyone agrees that computer response time is very important to the users of interactive systems. Many papers have been written describing the bad effects of computer response times that are too long or too short, and many sets of “guidelines” for appropriate human-engineered computer response times in human-machine systems have been published, as well. Nearly all these sets of guidelines are direct descendants of the set published by Robert Miller (1968) about 15 years ago. When Miller wrote his guidelines, he was quite open in describing them as based only on his experience, and he called for experimental data that would allow for the formulation of better, empirically-based rules for setting computer response time for optimal human performance. About fifteen years later, these studies are still missing, for the most part. Aside for the problem-solving studies of Grossberg, et al. (1976), Goodman and Spence (1981), Bergrnan, et al. (1981), and others, the literature is sadly lacking in empirical data to support the simplest assertions about how computer response time affects computer users. Though there is only the sparsest data to support them, several assertions about computer response time and user performance have become accepted as common knowledge.
Going with the flow: Web sites and customer involvement

This paper investigates a structure of commercial Web sites, and then attempts to analyse various patterns that emerge which may be of future use as a guideline to businesses that intend establishing a Web presence. Key to the understanding of these patterns is a clearer grasp of the implications of human interaction with the new medium. The focus is on an experiential construct, namely flow, and how this might vary by Web site, and on using this to begin to unravel the secrets of good commercial Web site design and its implications for business.
Identifying Chinese Microblog Users With High Suicide Probability Using Internet-Based Profile and Linguistic Features: Classification Model

Background Traditional offline assessment of suicide probability is time consuming and difficult in convincing at-risk individuals to participate. Identifying individuals with high suicide probability through online social media has an advantage in its efficiency and potential to reach out to hidden individuals, yet little research has been focused on this specific field. Objective The objective of this study was to apply two classification models, Simple Logistic Regression (SLR) and Random Forest (RF), to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of identifying high suicide possibility microblog users in China through profile and linguistic features extracted from Internet-based data. Methods There were nine hundred and nine Chinese microblog users that completed an Internet survey, and those scoring one SD above the mean of the total Suicide Probability Scale (SPS) score, as well as one SD above the mean in each of the four subscale scores in the participant sample were labeled as high-risk individuals, respectively. Profile and linguistic features were fed into two machine learning algorithms (SLR and RF) to train the model that aims to identify high-risk individuals in general suicide probability and in its four dimensions. Models were trained and then tested by 5-fold cross validation; in which both training set and test set were generated under the stratified random sampling rule from the whole sample. There were three classic performance metrics (Precision, Recall, F1 measure) and a specifically defined metric “Screening Efficiency” that were adopted to evaluate model effectiveness. Results Classification performance was generally matched between SLR and RF. Given the best performance of the classification models, we were able to retrieve over 70% of the labeled high-risk individuals in overall suicide probability as well as in the four dimensions. Screening Efficiency of most models varied from 1/4 to 1/2. Precision of the models was generally below 30%. Conclusions Individuals in China with high suicide probability are recognizable by profile and text-based information from microblogs. Although there is still much space to improve the performance of classification models in the future, this study may shed light on preliminary screening of risky individuals via machine learning algorithms, which can work side-by-side with expert scrutiny to increase efficiency in large-scale-surveillance of suicide probability from online social media.
The Improvement of DTW Algorithm in Speech Recognition

This paper discusses an improving algorithm of DTW. Based on primary DTW arithmetic, it uses new algorithm to reduce unnecessary calculated point and only saves the necessary frame matching distance matrix and accumulation distance matrix.The improved algorithm uses MATLAB to carry out simulation and make the best test through analyzing the comparative results. This algorithm will save storage space and enhance computational efficiency .
Cancer Therapy : Preclinical Effects of Selective Checkpoint Kinase 1 Inhibition on Cytarabine Cytotoxicity in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Cells In Vitro

Purpose: Previous studies have shown that the replication checkpoint, which involves the kinases ataxia telangiectasiamutated andRad3 related (ATR) andChk1, contributes to cytarabine resistance in cell lines. In the present study, we examinedwhether this checkpoint is activated in clinical acutemyelogenous leukemia (AML) during cytarabine infusion in vivo and then assessed the impact of combining cytarabine with the recently described Chk1 inhibitor SCH 900776 in vitro. Experimental design: AML marrow aspirates harvested before and during cytarabine infusion were examined by immunoblotting. HumanAML lines treatedwith cytarabine in the absence or presence of SCH 900776 were assayed for checkpoint activation by immunoblotting, nucleotide incorporation into DNA, and flow cytometry. Long-term effects in AML lines, clinical AML isolates, and normal myeloid progenitors were assayed using clonogenic assays. Results: Immunoblotting revealed increased Chk1 phosphorylation, a marker of checkpoint activation, inmore thanhalf of Chk1-containing AMLs after 48hours of cytarabine infusion. In humanAML lines, SCH 900776 not only disrupted cytarabine-induced Chk1 activation and S-phase arrest but also markedly increased cytarabine-induced apoptosis. Clonogenic assays demonstrated that SCH 900776 enhanced the antiproliferative effects of cytarabine in AML cell lines and clinical AML samples at concentrations that had negligible impact on normal myeloid progenitors. Conclusions: These results not only provide evidence for cytarabine-induced S-phase checkpoint activation in AML in the clinical setting, but also show that a selective Chk1 inhibitor can overcome the S-phase checkpoint and enhance the cytotoxicity of cytarabine. Accordingly, further investigation of the cytarabine/SCH 900776 combination in AML appears warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 18(19);
Further Testing of a New Model of Intercultural Communication Competence

Recently, a new model of intercultural communication was proposed and later empirically tested (Arasaratnam, 2004; Arasaratnam & Doerfel, 2005). The present study was designed to further test the model and address the limitations of the previous test. Survey data were collected from participants (N = 400) and analyzed using regression analyses. The results mostly supported the previous model. These results plus some new findings in the relationship between empathy and intercultural communication competence are discussed.
A Systematic Review of Sociodemographic, Physical, and Psychological Predictors of Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation—or, Back School Treatment Outcome in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain

Study Design. A systematic review. Objective. To determine predictors of outcome of multidisciplinary rehabilitation–or back school treatment for patients with chronic low back pain. Summary of Background Data. Numerous reviews have been performed to gain insight into which patients benefit from which treatment. However, no review has systematically focused on predictors from multiple domains (i.e., sociodemographic, physical, and psychological), or on treatment outcome measured as activity limitation or participation restriction. Methods. Studies were found by searching medical and psychological databases, and screening references. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality using standard criteria. Studies were only included if they met a predefined level of internal validity. A qualitative analysis was performed. Results. Heterogeneity among studies in patient characteristics, predictors, treatment, and outcomes limited evidence. All reviewed studies were descriptive or exploratory in nature. Consistent evidence was found for the predictive value of pain intensity (more pain→ worse outcome), several work-related parameters (e.g., high satisfaction→ better outcome), and coping style (less active coping→ better outcome). Other sociodemographic and physical variables consistently lacked predictive value. No consistent evidence was found for other psychological variables. Conclusions. It is impossible to define a generic set of predictors of outcome of multidisciplinary rehabilitation and back schools for patients with chronic low back pain because the reviewed studies were descriptive or exploratory in nature, and most predictors were only studied once. Nevertheless, for several predictors, consistent evidence was found. Large confirmatory studies are needed to test the value of these predictors.
Global Education Inc: new policy networks and the neo-liberal imaginary

We are having to be alert. All of us around the globe. The world is changing fast. Its essential economic, social and cultural morphology is very different to what it was just 20 years ago. All of the constitutive elements for social life remain in place, the social institutions, the big and small structures, and the people with all their affective qualities, goodness, empathy, mendacity, greed and venality. They are all there. But they are undergoing intense reformulation in terms of how they stand in relation to each other and what they mean. Emmanuel Castells in 1996, 15 years ago now, began talking to us about the network society in his important trilogy, The Information Age. We are today, well into the second decade of the twenty-first century, experiencing the full complexity of this network society. And it is complex. This is what Stephen Ball’s Global Education Inc seeks to make clear. Global Education Inc is about how the network society in the discursive order of neo-liberalism works in the field of education. We have to be thankful to Ball. Global Education Inc seeks to describe the deeply important trends that are unfolding in the governance and management of education around the world. It looks at how reform and education policy is being impacted upon by new layers of decision-makers – business, social enterprise and philanthropy – and how these decision-makers are entering the traditional domains of the state in making policy and driving service delivery. Ball is arguing that significant changes are taking place in how policy and public services get done, and is suggesting, significantly, that the sum of these changes is indicating the beginning of the end of state education in its ‘welfare’ form. The beginning of the end, however, is by no means presaging the dawn of an alternative in which key structures, institutions and moral positions present themselves in clear outline. On the contrary, we are seeing the emergence of players in blurred relationships with one another articulating policy interests that are often contradictory. The book is relatively small but is dense. It can be skimmed quickly to give one a sense of the new confusing landscape of acronyms and cross-corporate interests in which we find ourselves. But to get at its full significance calls for British Journal of Sociology of Education, 2013 Vol. 34, No. 3, 453–466, http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/01425692.2013. 773734
Training Conditional Random Fields Using Transfer Learning for Gesture Recognition

Recently, combining Conditional Random Fields (CRF) with Neural Network has shown the success of learning high-level features in sequence labeling tasks. However, such models are difficult to train because of the increase of the parameters to tune which needs enormous of labeled data to avoid over fitting. In this paper, we propose a transfer learning framework for the sequence labeling task of gesture recognition. Taking advantage of the frame correlation, we design an unsupervised sequence model as a pseudo auxiliary task to capture the underlying information from both the labeled and unlabeled data. The knowledge learnt by the auxiliary task can be transferred to the main task of CRF with a deep architecture by sharing the hidden layers, which is very helpful for learning meaningful representation and reducing the need of labeled data. We evaluate our model under 3 gesture recognition datasets. The experimental results of both supervised learning and semi-supervised learning show that the proposed model improves the performance of the CRF with Neural Network and other baseline models.