Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Difficulties in Clinical Nursing Education: Views of Nurse Instructors'

Citation: Dağ GS, Kılıç HF, Görgülü RS (2019) Difficulties in Clinical Nursing Education: Views of Nurse Instructors’. Int Arch Nurs Health Care 5:114. doi.org/10.23937/2469-5823/1510114 Accepted: January 01, 2019: Published: January 03, 2019 Copyright: © 2019 Dağ GS, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Receptive-field maps of correlated discharge between pairs of neurons in the cat's visual cortex.

1. To investigate the functional significance of temporally correlated discharge between nearby cells in the visual cortex, we obtained receptive-field maps of correlated discharge for 68 cell pairs in kittens and cats. Discharge from cell pairs was measured by a single extracellular electrode. A reverse correlation procedure was used to relate neural discharge to particular stimuli within a random sequence of briefly flashed bright and dark bars. Bicellular receptive fields (BRFs) were mapped by applying reverse correlation to approximately synchronous discharge from two cells. Unicellular receptive fields (URFs) were simultaneously mapped by separately applying reverse correlation to the discharge of each cell. 2. The receptive fields of the two neurons within each pair were initially studied by varying the orientation and spatial frequency of drifting sinusoidal gratings. After these tests a random sequence of appropriately oriented bars was used to evoke discharge suitable for reverse correlation analysis. For most cell pairs, the temporal pattern or strength of correlated discharge produced by such stimulation is different from that observed with stimulation by sinusoidal gratings. This indicates that visually evoked correlated discharge between nearby cells is stimulus dependent. 3. BRFs were classified according to their pattern of spatial sensitivity into three groups that roughly correspond to the single-cell receptive-field types of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN; center-surround) and visual cortex (simple and complex). These classifications were compared with the receptive-field types of the single cells within each pair. LGN-type and simple-type BRFs were only seen for pairs in which at least one of the cells was simple. Conversely, complex-type BRFs were only seen for pairs in which at least one of the cells was complex. 4. Because the reverse correlation procedure can be used to characterize the spatiotemporal receptive-field structure of simple cells, we were able to compare both the spatial and temporal properties associated with the URFs and BRFs of simple cell pairs. The spatiotemporal structure of the BRF of a simple-cell pair can largely be predicted on the basis of the two URFs. Although this prediction suggests the possibility that BRFs are stimulus artifacts, a shuffle procedure, in which multiple repetitions of random sequences were presented, verifies the neural origin of BRFs. BRFs emerge from specific neural pathways and are not simply a consequence of unicellular response preferences. 5. Five measures were derived from the reverse correlation analysis of simple-cell receptive fields: width, duration, optimal spatial and temporal frequency, and optimal velocity. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Determinants of tuberculosis in an immigrant population in Rome: a case-control study.

SETTING An out-patient clinic for immigrants in Rome, Italy. OBJECTIVE To determine risk factors for tuberculosis among immigrants in Italy. DESIGN Case-control study. Cases comprised 44 individuals aged 15-55 years who had a first diagnosis of tuberculosis between 1989 and 1994 at the clinic. Controls comprised 264 individuals randomly recruited among immigrants who attended the clinic for other reasons within seven days before or after the case was diagnosed. Subject information included country of origin, date of first arrival in Italy, level of education, knowledge of the Italian language, and legal resident status. RESULTS An increase of tuberculosis risk was observed with increasing tuberculosis incidence in the country of origin. Multivariate analysis showed an increased risk for those coming from Central and South America (odds ratio [OR] 5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6-18.7). The adjusted odds ratio by time since entry in Italy increased during the second year of residence (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.1-7.0), but decreased after that period. A trend toward increasing risk with decreasing educational level was observed. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the need for a public health policy in Italy for tuberculosis control among immigrants which includes screening, prophylaxis and treatment.
Insights in Anaphylaxis and Clonal Mast Cell Disorders

The prevalence of anaphylaxis among patients with clonal mast cell disorders (MCD) is clearly higher comparing to the general population. Due to a lower frequency of symptoms outside of acute episodes, clonal MCD in the absence of skin lesions might sometimes be difficult to identify which may lead to underdiagnosis, and anaphylaxis is commonly the presenting symptom in these patients. Although the release of mast cell (MC) mediators upon MC activation might present with a wide variety of symptoms, particular clinical features typically characterize MC mediator release episodes in patients with clonal MCD without skin involvement. Final diagnosis requires a bone marrow study, and it is recommended that this should be done in reference centers. In this article, we address the main triggers for anaphylaxis, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of patients with MC activation syndromes (MCASs), with special emphasis on clonal MCAS [systemic mastocytosis and mono(clonal) MC activations syndromes].
Serum bisphenol a concentrations showed gender differences, possibly linked to androgen levels.

To investigate human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), a widely used endocrine disruptor, we measured serum BPA concentrations and analyzed the interrelation of BPA with sex-related hormones. BPA was detected in all human sera by a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum BPA concentrations were significantly higher in normal men (1.49 +/- 0.11 ng/ml; P < 0.01) and in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (1.04 +/- 0.10 ng/ml; P < 0.05) compared with normal women (0.64 +/- 0.10 ng/ml). There were significant positive correlations between serum BPA and total testosterone (r = 0.595, P < 0.001) and free testosterone (r = 0.609, P < 0.001) concentrations in all subjects and likewise between serum BPA and total testosterone (r = 0.559, P < 0.01) and free testosterone (r = 0.598, P < 0.001) concentrations in all female subjects, but not between serum BPA and other sex-related hormone concentrations in any group. These findings showed that there are gender differences in serum BPA concentrations, possibly due to differences in the androgen-related metabolism of BPA.
Managing Uncertainty in Nursing - Newly Graduated Nurses' Experiences of Introduction to the Nursing Profession

Citation: Ingvarsson E, Verho J, Rosengren K (2019) Managing Uncertainty in Nursing Newly Graduated Nurses’ Experiences of Introduction to the Nursing Profession. Int Arch Nurs Health Care 5:119. doi.org/10.23937/2469-5823/1510119 Accepted: March 23, 2019: Published: March 25, 2019 Copyright: © 2019 Ingvarsson E, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
A Hybrid Visual Cryptographic Lossless Image Sharing Scheme based on Bit Sharing

Visual cryptography is a technique that is used to share the secret data in the form of images for acquiring data security. This technique involves encryption and decryption processes for securing data. In encryption process the original image is divided into number of shares and then sends to other end. In decryption by using simple computations the subset of shares combined to reconstruct the original image. In the proposed method by using bit sharing method the original image is divided into four shares. These
Reflections on the Connections between Second Language Acquisition Theories and Language Teaching: A Historical Perspective

In the 1940s and 1950s, research in second language acquisition (SLA) emphasized the study of contrasts between languages. Errors made by second language learners were attributed to transfer from their first language (L1). The influence of the L1 was thought to play a role of paramount importance in the acquisition of a second language (L2) (Lado, 1957). But as more research was carried out, the idea of explaining language learners’ errors in terms of the differences between languages was challenged (Dulay and Burt, 1973, 1974). A new paradigm in SLA research was emerging. The attention of research moved from viewing errors as a product of L1 transfer to viewing learning a second language as a distinct process. This shift of approach has triggered claims with regard to how second languages are learnt and how they should be taught.
CD4 T Cell-Independent Antibody Response Promotes Resolution of Primary Influenza Infection and Helps to Prevent Reinfection1

It is generally believed that the production of influenza-specific IgG in response to viral infection is dependent on CD4 T cells. However, we previously observed that CD40-deficient mice generate influenza-specific IgG during a primary infection, suggesting that influenza infection may elicit IgG responses independently of CD4 T cell help. In the present study, we tested this hypothesis and show that mice lacking CD40 or CD4 T cells produce detectable titers of influenza-specific IgG and recover from influenza infection in a manner similar to that of normal mice. In contrast, mice completely lacking B cells succumb to influenza infection, despite the presence of large numbers of functional influenza-specific CD8 effector cells in the lungs. Consistent with the characteristics of a T-independent Ab response, long-lived influenza-specific plasma cells are not found in the bone marrow of CD40−/− and class II−/− mice, and influenza-specific IgG titers wane within 60 days postinfection. However, despite the short-lived IgG response, CD40−/− and class II−/− mice are completely protected from challenge infection with the same virus administered within 30 days. This protection is mediated primarily by B cells and Ab, as influenza-immune CD40−/− and class II−/− mice were still resistant to challenge infection when T cells were depleted. These data demonstrate that T cell-independent influenza-specific Ab promotes the resolution of primary influenza infection and helps to prevent reinfection.
Miniaturized Microstrip Bandpass Filter Using Coupled Metamaterial Resonators

A compact microstrip band pass filter using metamaterial resonators is proposed and implemented, aiming at high level of miniaturization, low cost and ease of fabrication. Some considerations in order to improve and control the coupling coefficients between resonators are exposed. The magnetic and electric character of the coupling coefficient is analyzed in detail. The proposed filter has narrow bandwidth, low insertion loss and compact dimensions. It is observed that the measured results are good agreement with the simulated results. Index Terms-Coupling coefficient, metamaterial, microstrip filters, split-ring resonators.
A Validated Risk Score to Predict Outcomes after Carotid Stenting

Background—Periprocedural outcome has been extensively investigated in patients undergoing carotid artery stenting. However, risk factors contributing to long-term mortality have not been comprehensively assessed. We aimed to establish a validated clinical risk score for long-term mortality in patients after carotid artery stenting. Methods and Results—Two independent cohorts after successful carotid artery stenting (602 and 552 patients) were prospectively investigated. Multivariable Cox regression and bootstrap variable selection were used to select the best-fitting multivariable model. The mortality rate was 35% in the derivation and 39% in the validation cohort during a median follow-up of 6.5 and 7.4 years, respectively. The following variables were identified as most robust risk factors in the derivation cohort: age, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, relative lymphocyte count, prothrombin time, peripheral artery disease, and contralateral carotid occlusion. A weighted multimarker risk score yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.79 in the derivation (P<0.001) and of 0.69 (P<0.001) in the validation cohort. In comparison, the best area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for single risk factors were 0.67 and 0.63, respectively. For optimal clinical use, a simplified risk score was also developed, which discriminated very well from very low to very high risk. The risk of all-cause mortality ranged from 8% for a score of 1 to 93% for a score of 7 (P<0.001) in the derivation and from 11% to 100% in the validation cohort (P<0.001). Conclusions—A multimarker risk score outperformed the prognostic value of single risk factors for the prediction of long-term mortality.
INNOVATIONS IN MEASURING AND MANAGING FOREST CARBON STOCKS IN CALIFORNIA

California has a pressing need to measure and manage forest carbon. Fusion of satellite-based data with plot-level information provides a promising means to measure forest biomass at relevant spatial and temporal scales. Key questions remain regarding accuracy and feasibility. Over a century of fire suppression complicates managing forest carbon in California's dry forests. Live tree biomass is at risk of loss due to wildfire. Here, we evaluated the performance of an emerging technology using Landsat imagery, forest inventory data, and gradient nearest neighbor imputation (referred to as LT-GNN) to measure annual aboveground live tree biomass (AGB) across multiple spatial scales. We also developed a means to quantify the trade-off between biomass storage and stability for fire-prone forests. We relied on two independent estimates of AGB to evaluate LT-GNN results: local assessments calculated from field-data and airborne light detection, and county estimates calculated from Forest Inventory and Assessment plot results. We also used repeated measurements conducted in Forest Inventory and Analysis plots to quantify the ability of LT-GNN to detect trends in AGB. Finally, we extended a field experiment at Blodgett Forest Research Station in Georgetown, California to gain insights into biomass dynamics of fire-prone forests. LT-GNN is a promising method to monitor live tree biomass. Its success at interpolating county-level tree biomass suggests an application-ready means to track annual biomass at a policy-relevant scale. However, improvements are needed to track change under stable conditions. At finer scales applications must be pursued with more caution. In particular, LTGNN did not accurately predict AGB in an old-growth redwood forest. At Blodgett, we quantified the trade-off between biomass storage and stability. Fuel treatments did lower the overall biomass stored, but more biomass survived fire compared to the untreated forest. However, trade-off between biomass storage and stability critically depends on the probability of fire occurring in these stands.
MUSIC APPRECIATION AND EDUCATION by RENATE

by RENATE ANDREA RUTH ZENKER B.Mus. , Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1990 B.Mus. Ed., Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1990 B.A., Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1991 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES Department of Social and Educational Studies We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard
Radar signature control of wind turbine generators

Many of the prime locations for wind farms in the UK are on exposed landscapes close to regional airports. However, planning permission for such installations is often being denied because the moving blades of the wind turbines interfere with the operation of airport radar systems. Airport surveillance radars track the position and speed of aircraft in their surrounding airspace using pulsed Doppler radar techniques. The filtering out of signals from spurious stationary and slow moving targets is relatively straight forward as the associated Doppler shift is zero or below a preset threshold. However, when an airport radar receives returns from a wind turbine installation, the motion of the blades can impart to the radar signal a significant Doppler shift that is comparable with that expected from an aircraft. Hence, techniques for reducing the scattering from wind turbines are being actively researched and one approach that we are investigating is the use of active radar absorbing structures based on the concept of a phase-switched screen (PSS) (Tennant, A. and Chambers, B., Proc SPIE, vol.538, 2004; Chambers and Tennant, IEE Proc. Radar Sonar and Navig., vol.149, no.5, p.243-7). We report experimental results obtained from a scaled model windmill with PSS blades operating in conjunction with a 10 GHz Doppler radar system.
Recognition, management, and outcomes of depression in primary care.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the recognition, management, and outcomes of depressed patients presenting in primary care. DESIGN Epidemiologic survey with 12-month follow-up. SETTING Primary care clinics of a staff-model health maintenance organization. PATIENTS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Consecutive primary care attenders aged 18 to 65 years (n = 1952) were screened using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and a stratified random sample (n = 373) completed a psychiatric assessment, including the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the 28-item GHQ, and a brief self-rated disability questionnaire (BDQ). Three-month follow-up assessment (n = 347) repeated the GHQ-28 and BDQ, and 12-month follow-up (n = 308) repeated the CIDI, GHQ-28, and BDQ. Use of psychotropic drugs and mental health services was assessed using computerized pharmacy and visit registration records. RESULTS Structured interviews found 64 cases of current major depression (weighted prevalence, 6.6%) and 58 cases of current subthreshold depression (weighted prevalence, 8.8%). Of those with major depression, 64% (n = 41) were recognized as psychologically distressed by the primary care physician, 56% (n = 36) filled at least one antidepressant prescription during the next 3 months, and 39% (n = 25) made at least one specialty mental health visit. Compared with recognized cases, those with unrecognized major depression were less symptomatic at baseline (GHQ-28 score, 15.31 vs 11.07; P = .006) but showed a similar rate of improvement over 12 months (F test for difference in slopes, P = .93). CONCLUSIONS While many depressed primary care patients may go unrecognized and untreated, this group appears to have milder and more self-limited depression. A narrow focus on increased recognition may not improve overall outcomes. Treatment resources might be best directed toward more intensive follow-up and relapse prevention among those now treated.
Oligopoly with network effects : On the private and social incentives for interconnection ∗

We consider symmetric oligopolies with positive network effects where each firm has its own proprietary network, which is incompatible with that of its rivals. We provide minimal conditions for the existence of (non-trivial) symmetric equilibrium in a general setting. We analyze the viability of industries with firm-specific networks, and show that the prospects for successful launch decrease with more firms in the market. This is a major reversal from the case of singlenetwork industries. A central part of the paper compares the viability and market performance of industries with compatible and incompatible networks, and shows that viability, output, (endogenous) demand, and social welfare are higher for the former. However, the comparison of industry price, profit and consumer surplus requires respective qualifications, of a general nature for the former two but not for the latter. Overall, these results provide theoretical grounding in a general but not universal sense for the conventional view that compatibility leads to superior performance, which was hitherto based on case studies and stylized facts. JEL codes: C72, D43, L13, L14.
Evaluation on the Sustainability of Urban Public Pension System in China

Against the background of population aging and economic downturn, the sustainability of pension systems has aroused great concern for governments across the world. To better reflect the pressure of pension payments in the changing context, the paper aims to forecast the annual pension gap of the public pension system for urban employees in China. By the use of Cohort-component population projections and stochastic projection models, the distribution of flow-based annual pension gap in the next fifty years are estimated under basic assumptions. The results show that the pension gap continues to exist from 2017 and keeps expanding until 2070 without any policy reform. Sensitivity analyses of demographics and various combinations of policy parameters on the distribution of future pension gaps are displayed. Wider pension coverage with lower policy threshold is more likely to face larger long-term pension gap.
Identifying needs and barriers to diabetes education in patients with diabetes.

OBJECTIVE To assess the needs, awareness and barriers to diabetes education for self management and to facilitate the initiation of an education programme promoting self care among diabetics and their families. METHODS A qualitative study was conducted among adult diabetics attending outpatient clinics in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on 27 subjects (11 men; 16 women) to identify dominant themes and priority issues. RESULTS Participants displayed great deal of variation with respect to level of knowledge and motivation for education. Most believed that diabetes was caused by stress. Family was perceived to be a source of positive support. Relative ease of adherence to pharmacological regimens as compared to diet and exercise was reported. Participants expressed frustration at chronicity of disease and fear of developing certain specific complications and inheritance by their children. Barriers to enhancing knowledge included 'No need for further information', distance from training institutions and other priorities. CONCLUSION Knowledge, beliefs and fears about diabetes, family influence and accessibility of healthcare, affects management behaviours and learning. Understanding needs and expectations of people with diabetes is essential in initiating and improving the outcomes of education programme for diabetes self care.