Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Obtención de multimeristemos y callos de diferentes variedades de banano y plátano (musa spp.) a partir de ‘meristemos apicales’ y ‘scalps’

Esta investigacion tiene como objetivo la obtencion de callos embriogenicos de vitroplantas de Musa spp . : Orito (genotipo AA), Barraganete (AAB), Dominico (AAB), Morado (AAA), Williams (AAA) y Calcutta – 4 (AA), en diferentes medios de cultivos (solido y liquido) utilizando meristemos apicales y “scalps”. Las variedades triploides y Calcutta – 4 mostraron adecuada multiplicacion in vitro en medio de cultivo con hormonas (BN) y sin hormonas (ITC – K). El medio de cultivo H1 liquido estimulo la formacion de meristemos apicales de vitroplantas en callos embriogenicos, a corto plazo, condicion necesaria para obtencion de suspensiones celulares embriogenicas para su uso en transformacion genetica o propagacion masiva. Mientras que los “scalps” de las variedades Barraganete y Williams se desarrollaron mejor en medio de cultivo TDZ, las demas variedades se desarrollaron mejor en medio de cultivo P4. Para la obtencion de callos, el metodo de “scalps” fue mas largo que el metodo de meristemos apicales en medio de cultivo liquido. Abstract This research is focus in the development of embryogenic calluses from in vitro plants of Musa spp. : Orito (genotype AA), Barraganete (AAB), Dominico (AAB), Morado (AAA), Williams (AAA) and Calcutta – 4 (AA), in different culture media (solid and liquid) using apical meristem and scalps. The triploid varieties and Calcutta - 4 showed suitable in vitro multiplication in the culture media with hormones (BN) and without hormones (ITC – K). The culture medium H1 liquid stimulated the formation of apical meristems from plantlets in embryogenic calluses in short time, indispensable for the development of cell suspensions suitable for genetic transformation and mass propagation. While the scalps of the varieties Williams and Barraganete grew better on TDZ medium, the other varieties developed better in medium P4. For the development of calluses, the scalps method was longer than the apical meristem method in liquid medium.
Mobile phone batteries draining: Is green web browsing the solution?

Providing mechanisms to improve energy efficiency of mobile devices is, in the past few years, one of the important objectives in the field of green computing and energy savings. Several studies have addressed this issue from different point of views, i.e., hardware, software, as well as by analyzing the energy drained by different mobile applications. On the other hand, the energy consumption of Web browsing activities has been poorly addressed, given the lack of analysis about users' real browsing sessions. We propose in this paper a new methodology that exploits an hardware-based instrumentation to measure energy savings in mobile devices when switching on/off filtering techniques offered by a privacy-enhancing technology. We discuss an extensive experimental study that shows how privacy-preserving mechanisms can help users to protect their privacy, their personal information, and en passant efficiently reduce communication and computation overhead and thus battery consumption.
HER3 Comes of Age: New Insights into Its Functions and Role in Signaling, Tumor Biology, and Cancer Therapy

The human epidermal growth family (HER) of tyrosine kinase receptors underlies the pathogenesis of many types of human cancer. The oncogenic functions of three of the HER proteins can be unleashed through amplification, overexpression, or mutational activation. This has formed the basis for the development of clinically active targeted therapies. However, the third member HER3 is catalytically inactive, not found to be mutated or amplified in cancers, and its role and functions have remained shrouded in mystery. Recent evidence derived primarily from experimental models now seems to implicate HER3 in the pathogenesis of several types of cancer. Furthermore, the failure to recognize the central role of HER3 seems to underlie resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)- or HER2-targeted therapies in some cancers. Structural and biochemical studies have now greatly enhanced our understanding of signaling in the HER family and revealed the previously unrecognized activating functions embodied in the catalytically impaired kinase domain of HER3. This renewed interest and mechanistic basis has fueled the development of new classes of HER3-targeting agents for cancer therapy. However, identifying HER3-dependent tumors presents a formidable challenge and the success of HER3-targeting approaches depends entirely on the development and power of predictive tools. Clin Cancer Res; 16(5); 1373–83
Nonparametric learning of decision regions via the genetic algorithm

A method for nonparametric (distribution-free) learning of complex decision regions in n-dimensional pattern space is introduced. Arbitrary n-dimensional decision regions are approximated by the union of a finite number of basic shapes. The primary examples introduced in this paper are parallelepipeds and ellipsoids. By explicitly parameterizing these shapes, the decision region can be determined by estimating the parameters associated with each shape. A structural random search type algorithm called the genetic algorithm is applied to estimate these parameters. Two complex decision regions are examined in detail. One is linearly inseparable, nonconvex and disconnected. The other one is linearly inseparable, nonconvex and connected. The scheme is highly resilient to misclassification errors. The number of parameters to be estimated only grows linearly with the dimension of the pattern space for simple version of the scheme.
Sonority variation in Stochastic Optimality Theory: Implications for markedness hierarchies

Constraints based on the sonority scale and other markedness hierarchies have been formalized in two different ways: as scale-partition constraint families, with a universally fixed ranking, and as stringency constraint families, where the constraints stand in subset relations and their ranking is not universal. We identify a new empirical domain where these two approaches make different predictions: within-speaker variation. Namely, in the framework of Stochastic Optimality Theory (Boersma and Hayes 2001), the scale-partition approach predicts harmony reversals in the presence of variation (i.e., sometimes a more marked form should be chosen in preference to a less marked form), while the stringency approach does not. We further demonstrate that the pattern of harmony reversals predicted by the scale-partition approach can be numerically quantified, based on the constraints’ ranking values; this allows true harmony reversals to be efficiently distinguished from cases where an unrelated constraint causes apparent harmonyreversal behavior. Known cases of variation involving markedness hierarchies have not been described at the level of detail necessary to distinguish true harmony reversals from apparent ones, but we have identified empirical conditions that would strongly support the scale-partition approach to markedness hierarchies if they were to be uncovered in future work.
A MEDIUM FOR THE RAPID CULTIVATION OF MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM

The search for chemotherapeutic agents effective against the tubercle bacillus has brought into sharp focus the slow rate of growth of the organism. Dubos (1945), Davis and Dubos (1947), and Dubos and Middlebrook (1948) developed a liquid medium containing sorbitan monooleate ("tween 80") and albumin which supported rapid and uniform growth of tubercle bacilli. However, Long, as far back as 1919 to 1921, had reported his well-known medium for the cultivation of the tuberculosis organism. He obtained excellent growth with ammonium salts of oxalic, malonic, malic, and tartaric acids and postulated the existence of a cycle perhaps identical to the Krebs cycle. Henley and Le Duc (1930), Berthelot et al. (1934), Wong and Weinzirl (1936), Boissevain (1943), and Boquet (1944) also stimulated growth with salts of the dibasic organic acids. Gerundo (1947) modified Long's medium by replacing asparagine with sodium succinate and obtained more rapid and abundant growth. The purpose of this investigation was to study the metabolism of the organism in the monooleate-albumin medium with particular reference to the dibasic organic acids in the hope of developing a medium suitable for a rapid antitubercular assay.
MedlineRanker: flexible ranking of biomedical literature

The biomedical literature is represented by millions of abstracts available in the Medline database. These abstracts can be queried with the PubMed interface, which provides a keyword-based Boolean search engine. This approach shows limitations in the retrieval of abstracts related to very specific topics, as it is difficult for a non-expert user to find all of the most relevant keywords related to a biomedical topic. Additionally, when searching for more general topics, the same approach may return hundreds of unranked references. To address these issues, text mining tools have been developed to help scientists focus on relevant abstracts. We have implemented the MedlineRanker webserver, which allows a flexible ranking of Medline for a topic of interest without expert knowledge. Given some abstracts related to a topic, the program deduces automatically the most discriminative words in comparison to a random selection. These words are used to score other abstracts, including those from not yet annotated recent publications, which can be then ranked by relevance. We show that our tool can be highly accurate and that it is able to process millions of abstracts in a practical amount of time. MedlineRanker is free for use and is available at http://cbdm.mdc-berlin.de/tools/medlineranker.
Comparative Assessment of GST and GeTe Materials for Application to Embedded Phase-Change Memory Devices

This work presents a thorough comparative assessment of undoped GST and GeTe active phase-change (PC) materials for application to embedded memory devices (in particular consumer and automotive products). The material screening and qualification is performed through optical reflectivity and 4-probes resistivity measurements. Electrical performances are then investigated through tests of lance-cell analytical PC memory cells. Reset current densities of GST and GeTe are comparable, while GeTe data-retention at high- temperature is significantly improved compared to GST, suggesting that GeTe-based compounds are promising candidates for embedded PC memory applications.
Central nervous system distribution kinetics of indinavir in rats

The central nervous system (CNS) distribution kinetics of indinavir were extensively evaluated using a combinational in‐vivo model comprising the integration plot method (a single‐passage approach) and neuropharmacokinetic method (a multiple‐passage approach). A 5 mg kg−1 dose of indinavir was administered intravenously to rats. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples and whole brain were collected from the animals at specified time points and the drug concentration in each sample was determined using a high‐performance liquid chromatography method. For the neuropharmacokinetic study, the simultaneous plasma, CSF and brain concentrations were fitted to an integrated model, which resulted in the estimation of the influx (Kin) and efflux (Kout) rate constants of the drug to/from CSF and brain parenchyma. The integration plot method involved plotting the brainplasma or CSF‐plasma concentration ratios (Kp,app) against AUC0r̊t/Cp(t), and estimating the uptake clearance of the drug by brain/CSF from the slope of the initial linear portion of the plot. The Kin and Kout values of the drug to/from CSF were estimated to be 2.42 times 10−2 and 13.26 times 10−2min−1, respectively, and the corresponding values for brain parenchyma were 1.02 times 10−2 and 1.32 times 10−2 min−1, respectively. The uptake clearances of indinavir by CSF and brain parenchyma were 8.89 and 8.38 μLmin−1 g−1, respectively. The permeability surface area products of the drug for the blood‐brain barrier and blood‐CSF barrier were estimated as 1.05 times 10−2 and 2.45 times 10−2 mL min−1 g−1, respectively. The estimated kinetic parameters indicated limited CNS entry of the drug because of the limited blood‐brain barrier permeability and the efficient drug efflux from CNS, particularly from CSF.
Anti-inflammatory effect of honokiol is mediated by PI3K/Akt pathway suppression

AbstractAim:In this study, we investigated the regulatory effects of honokiol on various inflammatory events mediated by monocytes/macrophages (U937/RAW264.7 cells) and lymphocytes (splenic lymphocytes and CTLL-2 cells) and their putative action mechanism.Methods:In order to investigate the regulatory effects, various cell lines and primary cells (U937, RAW264.7, CTLL-2 cells, and splenic lymphocytes) were employed and various inflammatory events, such as the production of inflammatory mediators, cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and the early signaling cascade, were chosen.Results:Honokiol strongly inhibited various inflammatory responses, such as: (i) the upregulation of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 and TNF-α production and costimulatory molecule CD80 induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS); (ii) the functional activation of β1-integrin (CD29) assessed by U937 cell-cell and cell-fibronectin adhesions; (iii) the enhancement of lymphocytes and CD8+CTLL-2 cell proliferation stimulated by LPS, phytohemaglutinin A (PHA), and concanavalin A or interleukin (IL)-2; and (iv) the transcriptional upregulation of inducible NO synthase, TNF-α, cyclooxygenase-2, IL-12, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1. These anti-inflammatory effects of honokiol seem to be mediated by interrupting the early activated intracellular signaling molecule phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, but not Src, the extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and p38, according to pharmacological, biochemical, and functional analyses.Conclusion:These results suggest that honokiol may act as a potent anti-inflammatory agent with multipotential activities due to an inhibitory effect on the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Collateral Flow Averts Hemorrhagic Transformation After Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose— Collaterals sustain the ischemic penumbra to limit growth of the infarct core before revascularization, yet the impact of baseline collateral flow on hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after endovascular therapy remains unknown. Methods— A collaborative study from 2 stroke centers in distinct geographic regions included 222 consecutive patients who received endovascular therapy for acute cerebral ischemia. The influence of collaterals on HT was analyzed in distinct case scenarios relative to baseline collateral grade at angiography (0 to 1 versus 2 to 4) and recanalization (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Ischemia scale, 0 to 1 versus 2 to 3): good collaterals and successful recanalization (n=98), poor collaterals with successful recanalization (n=43), good collaterals and no recanalization(n=46), and poor collaterals and no recanalization (n=35). Results— HT after endovascular therapy occurred in 103 (46.4%) patients; 42 (18.9%) were symptomatic. HT was more frequently observed in patients with poor collaterals and recanalization than in other groups (P=0.048). When revascularization was achieved, patients with poorer collaterals were more likely to have symptomatic worsening with HT (r=−0.181, P=0.032). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified aggressive treatment (OR, 2.558 for Merci clot retrieval; 95% CI, 1.153 to 5.678; OR, 3.618 for combined fibrinolytics and mechanical therapy; 95% CI, 1.551 to 8.437; and OR, 2.085 for intravenous thrombolysis before endovascular therapy; 95% CI, 1.096 to 3.969), poor collaterals and recanalization (OR, 2.666; 95% CI, 1.163 to 6.113), and serum glucose levels (OR, 1.007; 95% CI, 1.000 to 1.014) as independent predictors of HT. Conclusions— Angiographic grade of collateral flow strongly influences the rate of HT after therapeutic recanalization for acute ischemic stroke. Collateral status readily available from baseline angiography may therefore refine therapeutic decision-making in acute cerebral ischemia.
Statistical Multiplexing of Multiple Time-Scale Markov Streams

We study the problem of statistical multiplexing of cell streams that have correlations at multiple time-scales. Each stream is modeled by a singularly perturbed Markov-modulated process with some state transitions occurring much less frequently than others. One motivation of this model comes from variable-rate compressed video, where the fast time-scale dynamics may correspond to correlations between adjacent frames, while the slow time-scale dynamics may correspond to correlations which in the same scene of a video sequence. We develop a set of large deviations results to estimate the buffer overflow probabilities in various asymptotic regimes in the buffer size, rare transition probabilities, and the number of streams. Using these results, we characterize the multiplexing gain in both the channel capacity and the buffering requirements and highlight the impact of the slow time-scale of the streams. >
Perfectly Secure Index Coding

In this paper, we investigate the index coding problem in the presence of an eavesdropper. Messages are to be sent from one transmitter to a number of legitimate receivers who have side information about the messages, and share a set of secret keys with the transmitter. To do this, the transmitter communicates to the legitimate receivers the public code $C$ , which is also heard by the eavesdropper. We assume perfect secrecy, meaning that the eavesdropper should not be able to retrieve any information about the message set from the public communication. We study the minimum key lengths for zero-error and perfectly secure index coding problem. On one hand, this problem is a generalization of the index coding problem (and thus a difficult one). On the other hand, it is a generalization of the Shannon’s cipher system. We show that a generalization of Shannon’s one-time pad strategy is optimal up to a multiplicative constant, meaning that it obtains the entire boundary of the cone formed by looking at the secure rate region from the origin. This shows the optimality of the generalized one-time pad for minimizing the consumption of shared secret keys per message bits, when public communication is free (the transmitter is not charged for the rate of the public communication). Finally, we consider relaxation of the perfect secrecy and zero-error constraints to weak secrecy and asymptotically vanishing probability of error, and provide a secure version of the result, obtained by Langberg and Effros, on the equivalence of zero-error and $\epsilon $ -error regions in the conventional index coding problem.
Multiple nuclear genes and retroposons support vicariance and dispersal of the palaeognaths, and an Early Cretaceous origin of modern birds

The origin and timing of the diversification of modern birds remains controversial, primarily because phylogenetic relationships are incompletely resolved and uncertainty persists in molecular estimates of lineage ages. Here, we present a species tree for the major palaeognath lineages using 27 nuclear genes and 27 archaic retroposon insertions. We show that rheas are sister to the kiwis, emu and cassowaries, and confirm ratite paraphyly because tinamous are sister to moas. Divergence dating using 10 genes with broader taxon sampling, including emu, cassowary, ostrich, five kiwis, two rheas, three tinamous, three extinct moas and 15 neognath lineages, suggests that three vicariant events and possibly two dispersals are required to explain their historical biogeography. The age of crown group birds was estimated at 131 Ma (95% highest posterior density 122–138 Ma), similar to previous molecular estimates. Problems associated with gene tree discordance and incomplete lineage sorting in birds will require much larger gene sets to increase species tree accuracy and improve error in divergence times. The relatively rapid branching within neoaves pre-dates the extinction of dinosaurs, suggesting that the genesis of the radiation within this diverse clade of birds was not in response to the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.
Understanding MOSFET mismatch for analog design

This paper addresses misconceptions about MOSFET mismatch for analog design. V/sub t/ mismatch does not follow a simplistic 1/(/spl radic/area) law, especially for wide/short and narrow/long devices, which are common geometries in analog circuits. Further, Vt and gain factor are not appropriate parameters for modeling mismatch. A physically based mismatch model can be used to obtain dramatic improvements in the prediction of mismatch. This model is applied to MOSFET current mirrors to show some non-obvious effects over bias, geometry, and multiple unit devices.
Environmental inequality and circulatory disease mortality gradients

Study objective: Studies in Europe and North America have reported that living in a disadvantaged neighbourhood is associated with an increased incidence of coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to test the hypotheses that exposure to traffic and air pollution might account for some of the socioeconomic differences in mortality rates in a city where residents are covered by universal health insurance. Design: Cohort mortality study. Individual postal codes used to derive: (1) socioeconomic status from census data; (2) mean air pollution levels from interpolation between governmental monitoring stations; (3) proximity to traffic from the geographical information system. Analysis conducted with Cox proportional hazards models. Setting: Hamilton Census Metropolitan Area, Ontario, Canada, on the western tip of Lake Ontario (population about 480 000). Participants: 5228 people, aged 40 years or more, identified from register of lung function laboratory at an academic respirology clinic between 1985 and 1999. Main results: Circulatory disease (cardiovascular and stroke) mortality rates were related to measures of neighbourhood deprivation. Circulatory disease mortality rates were also associated with indices of long term ambient pollution at the subjects’ residences (relative risk 1.06, 1.00 to 1.13) and with proximity to traffic (relative risk 1.40, 1.08 to 1.81). Subjects in more deprived neighbourhoods had greater exposure to ambient particulate and gaseous pollutants and to traffic. Conclusions: At least some of the observed social gradients in circulatory mortality arise from inequalities in environmental exposure to background and traffic air pollutants.