Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Principles of Social Justice Education: The Social Justice Education in Schools Project

In this article, The Social Justice Education in Schools (SJES) Project integrates field-based study and existing research to identify five key Principles of Social Justice Education in Schools. An outgrowth of the federally funded Massachusetts Coalition for Teacher Quality and Student Achievement, the SJES Project seeks to positively impact teacher preparation, student achievement, and social justice practice in urban environments. The authors ground their discussion in their partnership with Rodriguez Elementary School, and present specific points of inquiry to facilitate K-12 educators, administrators, and community members' critical reflection on their own school environments. By developing a concrete framework for Social Justice Education in Schools, the authors hope to encourage future empirical research explicitly linking Social Justice Education to student achievement.
Adaptive Feedback Synchronization of a General Complex Dynamical Network With Delayed Nodes

In the past decade, complex networks have attracted much attention from various fields of sciences and engineering. Synchronization is a typical collective behavior of complex networks that has been extensively investigated in recent years. To reveal the dynamical mechanism of synchronization in complex networks with time delays, a general complex dynamical network with delayed nodes is further studied. Based on a suitable model, we investigate the adaptive feedback synchronization and obtain several novel criteria for globally exponentially asymptotic synchronization. In particular, our hypotheses and the proposed adaptive controllers for network synchronization are very simple and can be readily applied in practical applications. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed synchronization criteria.
Wildlife Disease Management: A Manager's Model

Wildlife disease management (WDM) is one of the great challenges of contemporary wildlife management. Experience with chronic wasting disease (CWD) indicates the importance of human dimensions in WDM. Wildlife management and disease specialists created a concept map (manager's model) of the WDM system that depicts the human dimensions considerations involved in WDM and how they may affect management objectives and actions. The WDM model includes risk perception, impact tolerance, and social acceptability of management actions that contribute to perceived impacts of wildlife disease and management responses. The manager's model of WDM is an experience-grounded, normative framework for discussing management of CWD.
Effects of altering communicative input for students with autism and no speech: Two case studies

Individuals with autism and severe mental retardation typically display deficits in both communicative input and communicative output skills. Comprehension of spoken input may be particularly challenging for individuals with autism, for a number of reasons. This paper presents two case studies examining the impact of varying the form of communicative input on behavior management targets as well as performance on an object identification task. Both cases involved students with autism and no speech. One student responded with poor task performance and high frequencies of self-injury to spoken communication but not to gestures alone or gestural plus spoken communication. The other student displayed a similar pattern of task performance and showed an increased tendency toward disruptive behavior in response to spoken or spoken plus gestural communication only in high-stress situations. Program modifications (changes in the communication approaches of these students' communicative partners) are described. It i.
Fairness, envy, guilt and greed: Building equity considerations into agency theory

In this article we examine the extent to which fairness considerations are salient to senior executives, and consider the implications for agency theory, tournament theory and the design of top-management incentives. We look for patterns in a unique data set of senior executive preferences and seek explanations for these patterns using a model of fairness first advanced by Fehr and Schmidt in 1999. We propose a number of amendments to Fehr and Schmidt’s model. We challenge some of the standard tenets of agency theory and tournament theory, demonstrating why equity considerations should be taken into account. We add to the growing literature on behavioural agency theory.
Visual working memory and perception speed of 3- to 6-year-old children tested with a Matrix Film Battery Test

In this study the visual working memory (VWM) and perception speed of 60 children between the ages of three and six years were tested with an age-based, easy-to-handle Matrix Film Battery Test (reliability R = .71). It was thereby affirmed that the VWM is age dependent (correlation coefficient r = .66***) as expected. Furthermore, a significant gender effect was found (partial correlation coefficient rp = .42***) indicating that boys generally have a better VWM: they are able to memorise more items and they can process visual information faster. Given that the test was repeated during a period of eight months, strong learning effects could be detected which show that the VWM can be trained and that the test itself is also a good training tool.
Climate Extremes Promote Fatal Co-Infections during Canine Distemper Epidemics in African Lions

Extreme climatic conditions may alter historic host-pathogen relationships and synchronize the temporal and spatial convergence of multiple infectious agents, triggering epidemics with far greater mortality than those due to single pathogens. Here we present the first data to clearly illustrate how climate extremes can promote a complex interplay between epidemic and endemic pathogens that are normally tolerated in isolation, but with co-infection, result in catastrophic mortality. A 1994 canine distemper virus (CDV) epidemic in Serengeti lions (Panthera leo) coincided with the death of a third of the population, and a second high-mortality CDV epidemic struck the nearby Ngorongoro Crater lion population in 2001. The extent of adult mortalities was unusual for CDV and prompted an investigation into contributing factors. Serological analyses indicated that at least five “silent” CDV epidemics swept through the same two lion populations between 1976 and 2006 without clinical signs or measurable mortality, indicating that CDV was not necessarily fatal. Clinical and pathology findings suggested that hemoparsitism was a major contributing factor during fatal epidemics. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we measured the magnitude of hemoparasite infections in these populations over 22 years and demonstrated significantly higher levels of Babesia during the 1994 and 2001 epidemics. Babesia levels correlated with mortalities and extent of CDV exposure within prides. The common event preceding the two high mortality CDV outbreaks was extreme drought conditions with wide-spread herbivore die-offs, most notably of Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer). As a consequence of high tick numbers after the resumption of rains and heavy tick infestations of starving buffalo, the lions were infected by unusually high numbers of Babesia, infections that were magnified by the immunosuppressive effects of coincident CDV, leading to unprecedented mortality. Such mass mortality events may become increasingly common if climate extremes disrupt historic stable relationships between co-existing pathogens and their susceptible hosts.
A hybrid approach to multi-scale modelling of cancer

In this paper, we review multi-scale models of solid tumour growth and discuss a middle-out framework that tracks individual cells. By focusing on the cellular dynamics of a healthy colorectal crypt and its invasion by mutant, cancerous cells, we compare a cell-centre, a cell-vertex and a continuum model of cell proliferation and movement. All models reproduce the basic features of a healthy crypt: cells proliferate near the crypt base, they migrate upwards and are sloughed off near the top. The models are used to establish conditions under which mutant cells are able to colonize the crypt either by top-down or by bottom-up invasion. While the continuum model is quicker and easier to implement, it can be difficult to relate system parameters to measurable biophysical quantities. Conversely, the greater detail inherent in the multi-scale models means that experimentally derived parameters can be incorporated and, therefore, these models offer greater scope for understanding normal and diseased crypts, for testing and identifying new therapeutic targets and for predicting their impacts.
Developing a text-based MMORPG to motivate students in CS1

We present the outline of a class project in which entry-level students in our CS1 course spent a full day developing a text-based massively multi-player online role-playing game (MMORPG) using Scheme. We describe briefly our CS1 course, the specifics of the game we asked students to implement, and the project organization. Comments from the students about their experience are also presented. Most students felt that the project was a beneficial learning experience. The project was organized as part of a larger multi-year effort to increase student learning and student participation. Class performance shows that more students have completed the course and have obtained higher grades than in the past, providing support to the educational value of this project and the other active learning opportunities we have used during
Mutations in a Novel Gene, Encoding a Single Transmembrane Domain Protein Are Associated with Familial Glucocorticoid Deficiency Type 2

Familial Glucocorticoid Deficiency (FGD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by ACTH insensitivity with glucocorticoid but not mineralocorticoid deficiency and high circulating ACTH. Approximately 30% of FGD is caused by mutations in the adrenocorticotropin receptor (ACTHR; melanocortin 2 receptor) termed FGD type 1 (FGD1). The other 70% of cases have a normal ACTHR locus and a cause for their disease has not been determined (termed FGD2). An association of FGD2 with a locus on chromosome 8 (8q 12.1 to 8q 21.2) has previously been identified in one family, but the disease in other families does not map to this position. The aim of this study was to identify additional loci and genes for FGD using initially a homozygosity mapping strategy. Two consanguineous families having three affected individuals were studied initially. After exclusion of the ACTHR and 8q loci using microsatellite markers, genomic DNA samples were analyzed using the Affymetrix 10 K SNP chip in which SNPs are positioned on average every 210 kb throughout the whole human genome. This revealed a region of homozygosity 3.5 Mb in size on
The emergence of operator‐neutral small cells as a strong case for cloud computing at the mobile edge

Small cells have emerged as a useful tool for supporting increased network capacity through network densification, but they can also be used to support edge cloud computing services. In this paper, we provide a preview of an innovative concept that tackles the consolidation of multi‐tenancy in such type communications infrastructures, as well as the placement of network intelligence and applications in the network edge. After surveing the challenges and the enabling technologies, we present the envisaged architecture to manage and control the Cloud‐Enabled Small Cell infrastructure. Also, at the operation level, we explain the potential advantages of adopting the proposed solutions on the long‐term evolution access networks. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Total and cancer mortality after supplementation with vitamins and minerals: follow-up of the Linxian General Population Nutrition Intervention Trial.

BACKGROUND The General Population Nutrition Intervention Trial was a randomized primary esophageal and gastric cancer prevention trial conducted from 1985 to 1991, in which 29,584 adult participants in Linxian, China, were given daily vitamin and mineral supplements. Treatment with "factor D," a combination of 50 microg selenium, 30 mg vitamin E, and 15 mg beta-carotene, led to decreased mortality from all causes, cancer overall, and gastric cancer. Here, we present 10-year follow-up after the end of active intervention. METHODS Participants were assessed by periodic data collection, monthly visits by village health workers, and quarterly review of the Linxian Cancer Registry. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the cumulative effects of four vitamin and mineral supplementation regimens were calculated using adjusted proportional hazards models. RESULTS Through May 31, 2001, 276 participants were lost to follow-up; 9727 died, including 3242 from cancer (1515 from esophageal cancer and 1199 from gastric cancer). Participants who received factor D had lower overall mortality (HR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.91 to 0.99; P = .009; reduction in cumulative mortality from 33.62% to 32.19%) and gastric cancer mortality (HR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.79 to 1.00; P = .043; reduction in cumulative gastric cancer mortality from 4.28% to 3.84%) than subjects who did not receive factor D. Reductions were mostly attributable to benefits to subjects younger than 55 years. Esophageal cancer deaths between those who did and did not receive factor D were not different overall; however, decreased 17% among participants younger than 55 (HR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.71 to 0.98; P = .025) but increased 14% among those aged 55 years or older (HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.30; P = .047) [corrected]. Vitamin A and zinc supplementation was associated with increased total and stroke mortality; vitamin C and molybdenum supplementation, with decreased stroke mortality. CONCLUSION The beneficial effects of selenium, vitamin E, and beta-carotene on mortality were still evident up to 10 years after the cessation of supplementation and were consistently greater in younger participants. Late effects of other supplementation regimens were also observed.
Disclosing disability in the context of professional regulation: a qualitative UK study

In the UK, the ‘fitness to practice’ criteria that allow regulatory bodies to use health standards to restrict entry to the human professions have resulted in some disabled people being excluded from this workforce. Disclosure of disability is therefore a risky process for those aiming to practice or train in nursing, social work and teaching. This research, commissioned to inform the Disability Rights Commission's Formal Investigation into fitness standards in the professions, was undertaken in 2006–07 and explored experiences of disability disclosure amongst professionals. Interviews with 60 practitioners and students, most of whom had unseen disabilities, revealed considerable variations in the extent of disclosure. Disclosure was perceived as having the potential to exclude participants from their chosen profession. Two overlapping models of disability disclosure emerged from data analysis. The study concludes that abolishing health standards for the professions would increase disability disclosure and decrease the stigma associated with disability.
Experimental Analysis of Different Metrics (Object-Oriented and Structural) of Software

In this paper first investigate the relationships between existing object-oriented metrics (coupling, cohesion) and procedure-oriented metrics (Line of code, Cyclomatic complexity and knot metric) measure the probability of error detection in system classes during testing and is to propose an investigation and analysis strategy to make these kinds of studies more reusable and comparable, a problem which is persistent in the quality measurement. The metrics are first defined and then explained using practical applications finally, a review of the empirical study concerning chosen and coupling metrics and subset of these measures that provide sufficient information is given and metrics providing overlapping information are expelled from the set. The paper defines a new set of operational measures for the conceptual coupling of classes, which are theoretically valid and empirically studied. In this paper, we shows that these metrics capture new dimensions in coupling measurement, compared to existing structural metrics.
Immunostimulatory properties and enhanced TNF- α mediated cellular immunity for tumor therapy by C60(OH)20 nanoparticles

Publications concerning the mechanism of biological activity, especially the immunological mechanism of C60(OH)20 nanoparticles, are relatively limited. However, the structure and characteristics of this carbon allotrope have been widely investigated. In this paper, we have demonstrated that water-soluble C60(OH)20 nanoparticles have an efficient anti-tumor activity in vivo, and show specific immunomodulatory effects to the immune cells, such as T cells and macrophages, both in vivo and in vitro. For example, C60(OH)20 nanoparticles can increase the production of T-helper cell type 1 (Th1) cytokines (IL-2, IFN- γ and TNF-α), and decrease the production of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-6) in serum samples. On the other hand, C60(OH)20 nanoparticles show almost no adverse effect to the viability of immune cells in vitro but stimulate the immune cells to release more cytokines, in particular TNF- α, which plays a key role in the cellular immune process to help eliminate abnormal cells. TNF- α production increased almost three-fold in treated T lymphocytes and macrophages. Accordingly, we conclude that C60(OH)20 nanoparticles have an efficient anti-tumor activity and this effect is associated with an increased CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte ratio and the enhancement of TNF- α production. The data suggest that C60(OH)20 nanoparticles can improve the immune response to help to scavenge and kill tumor cells.
Rate and Outage Performance of Non-Regenerative Two-Way Relaying Protocols with Direct Link

This paper considers a two-way relaying (TWR) half-duplex network in which two users communicate each other with the help of a non-regenerative relay when the direct link between the two users is nonvanishing. For the network, we adopt three protocols each with two, three, or four phases either by using analog network coding (ANC) or amplify-and-forward. The performance of the protocols is analyzed by deriving tight bounds on the average sum rate (ASR) and the outage probability in a unified form. Both results from analysis and simulation show that the three-phase ANC for TWR is favored in the outage performance by trading the time resource with the diversity gain while the two-phase ANC is favored in the ASR performance.
Age-related Differences in the Free-recall Accounts of Child, Adolescent, and Adult Witnesses

Summary: Many researchers have examined the factors that affect children’s ability to provide eyewitness evidence, leading to significant reform in policy and practice. In stark contrast, there has been virtually no eyewitness research conducted with adolescents, even though adolescents are still undergoing developmental changes that are likely to affect eyewitness performance. We compared the eyewitness performance of children, adolescents, and adults by showing them a brief film clip depicting a simulated crime and using cognitive interview instructions to elicit free-recall accounts. Adolescents provided more information than children, but less information than adults. Accuracy did not differ with age. These data suggest that, like children, adolescents could benefit from specialised interview techniques that help them provide more complete accounts. Across all three age groups, individual differences in cognitive functioning contributed to variation in eyewitness performance, and eliciting a second freerecall account increased the amount of information reported. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Survey on Routing Protocols in Vehicular Adhoc Networks

The fast development of wireless communication technologies allows to enhance intelligent transport systems and utilizes these technologies in communications between vehicles in order to achieve road safety and others benefits to drivers. Recent studies focus on a new aspect of ITS (Intelligent Transport System) that is VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Network). This paper gives an overview of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) and the existing VANET routing protocols. VANETs are a group of moving vehicles with wireless communication. Every vehicle is a node in the network that plays the role of sender, receiver, and router to exchange data such as warnings, traffic conditions with other vehicles. Because of the high mobility of nodes in VANETs, the routing of data is the most challenging task in VANETs which have a dynamic topology. There are various types of routing protocols in VANET which are required by the ITS. Thus, we need to do a detailed research on various routing protocols and their strengths/weakness. The routing protocols basically focus on terms of delay, packet delivery ratio, bandwidth utilization and many other factors. However, there are challenges faced by the choose a proper routing protocol due to a dynamic topology and characteristics of VANETs. VANET is very advantageous as it helps in improving the road safety through reducing the number of accidents by warning drivers about the danger before they actually face it and other facilities to comfort drivers. Researchers have started working to overcome the challenges of data exchange between vehicles to minimize its constraints and maximize its multiple objectives.
Care and not wealth is a predictor of wasting and stunting of ‘The Coffee Kids’ of Jimma Zone, southwest Ethiopia

Background: The generation of cash from agricultural products is the mainstay of the livelihood of many households in developing countries. However, critics of cash cropping have highlighted its influence on dietary diversity and availability of food at the household level, eroding the potential for optimal child caring practices. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was carried out in three randomly selected coffee-producing districts of Jimma Zone in southwest Ethiopia. The underlying causes of malnutrition, food access, hygiene and care were assessed using the household food insecurity access scale, morbidity reports and infant and young child feeding practice core indicators of the World Health Organization. Anthropometric data were converted into weight for age, height for age, body mass index for age and weight for height Z-scores to determine child nutritional outcomes. Results: Prevalence of underweight, wasting, stunting and thinness were 14.2%, 9.1%, 24.1% and 9.9%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression showed that children with suboptimal meal frequency were more than three times more likely to develop wasting (AOR = 3.3, p < 0.0001). Female children were twice as likely to develop wasting compared with males (AOR = 2.00, 4.1, p = 0.05). Children with suboptimal dietary diversity were almost four times as likely to develop stunting (AOR = 3.95, p < 0.0001). Those who were not exclusively breastfed during their first 6 months were almost five times as likely to develop stunting (AOR = 4.66, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The findings imply that in coffee-producing areas, child caring practices are stronger independent predictors of nutritional status than wealth or economic indicators alone.