Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On spatial neighborhood of patch-based super resolution

We propose an intuitive formulation for single image super resolution (SISR), and an algorithm based on it that outperforms the state of the art. We model the SISR problem around an aspect of natural images that is often overlooked - sharp edges - which are important for perceptual quality, and troublesome for interpolation. We justify the use of low resolution (LR) Markovian neighborhoods to estimate high resolution (HR) pixels corresponding to only the central pixel of the LR neighborhood based on our formulation. The formulation also lends itself to learning LR to HR mapping based on their pairs as training examples. We propose a learning algorithm based on polynomial neural networks to learn this mapping. Our formulation and algorithm provide further insight into performance of various single image super resolution methods.
Mixture weight influence on kernel entropy component analysis and semi-supervised learning using the Lasso

The aim of this paper is two-fold. First, we show that the newly developed spectral method known as kernel entropy component analysis (kernel ECA) captures cluster structure, which is very important in semi-supervised learning, and we provide an analysis showing how mixture weights influence kernel ECA in a mixture of cluster components setting. Second, we develop a semi-supervised kernel ECA classifier based on the Lasso framework, and report promising results compared to the state-of-the art.
Analysis of the Influence of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Osteocalcin Gene Expression in Postmenopausal Women

Background. Osteocalcin (OC) contributes to the process of bone mineralization. Present study was designed to investigate the changes in OC gene expression of postmenopausal women treated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Study was also designed to evaluate OC gene expression in cells which are not part of connective tissue. Material and Methods. Research was carried out on 30 postmenopausal women not treated and 30 treated with HRT. Examination of OC gene expression was conducted on peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and buccal epithelial lining (BEL). Densitometry was conducted on femur and mandible. Results. Tests revealed OC gene expression in BEL and PBL. BMD was higher in groups treated with HRT. Assessment of correlation between the OC gene expression in BEL and BMD of mandible revealed significant positive relation. Conclusions. OC gene expression can be stated BEL and PBL. Analysis of correlation between OC gene expression in oral cavity and mandible BMD showed significant correlation between local OC expression and local bone metabolism. The relation between OC gene expression and bone metabolism is complex and further research is needed to clear all of the uncertainties.
Study of valence of musical emotions and its laterality evoked by instrumental Indian classical music: An EEG study

Valence of musical emotions and its laterality evoked by instrumental Indian music has been examined using well-established model of frontal regional activation of emotions as a theoretical framework. A sample of forty-one subjects given piece of instrumental Indian classical music, and Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals recorded before and during listening to the music. All participants divided into two groups of appreciator and non-appreciator based upon their feedback given by them at the end of the recording session, noted by rating to the music given by the subjects used in the study. Using Fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm power in the theta band at frontal region was calculated. It has been found out significant increase in frontal midline theta power in appreciator left brain when compared to the right. Moreover, significant decrease in frontal midline theta power in non-appreciator's left hemisphere. These findings and comparison with psychometric data provided by subjects reveals positive or pleasant emotions evoked by instrumental Indian classical music are processed by left frontal region. And activation and non-activation of frontal left lobe depends upon Subject being an appreciator or non-appreciator of music. Hence, supporting established finding in Indian population for appreciation of Indian Classical Music. Moreover, processing of music by the brain is beyond the realms of culture.
X-Ray Fluorescence Imaging: A New Tool for Studying Manganese Neurotoxicity

The neurotoxic effect of manganese (Mn) establishes itself in a condition known as manganism or Mn induced parkinsonism. While this condition was first diagnosed about 170 years ago, the mechanism of the neurotoxic action of Mn remains unknown. Moreover, the possibility that Mn exposure combined with other genetic and environmental factors can contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease has been discussed in the literature and several epidemiological studies have demonstrated a correlation between Mn exposure and an elevated risk of Parkinson's disease. Here, we introduce X-ray fluorescence imaging as a new quantitative tool for analysis of the Mn distribution in the brain with high spatial resolution. The animal model employed mimics deficits observed in affected human subjects. The obtained maps of Mn distribution in the brain demonstrate the highest Mn content in the globus pallidus, the thalamus, and the substantia nigra pars compacta. To test the hypothesis that Mn transport into/distribution within brain cells mimics that of other biologically relevant metal ions, such as iron, copper, or zinc, their distributions were compared. It was demonstrated that the Mn distribution does not follow the distributions of any of these metals in the brain. The majority of Mn in the brain was shown to occur in the mobile state, confirming the relevance of the chelation therapy currently used to treat Mn intoxication. In cells with accumulated Mn, it can cause neurotoxic action by affecting the mitochondrial respiratory chain. This can result in increased susceptibility of the neurons of the globus pallidus, thalamus, and substantia nigra pars compacta to various environmental or genetic insults. The obtained data is the first demonstration of Mn accumulation in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and thus, can represent a link between Mn exposure and its potential effects for development of Parkinson's disease.
Méthodes et applications de l ’ algèbre linéaire ( max , + )

Exotic semirings such as the " (max; +) semiring " (Rf? 1g; max; +), or the " tropical semiring " (Nf+1g; min; +), have been invented and reinvented many times since the late fifties, in relation with various fields: performance evaluation of manufacturing systems and discrete event system theory; graph theory (path algebra) and Markov decision processes, Hamilton-Jacobi theory ; asymptotic analysis (low temperature asymptotics in statistical physics, large deviations, WKB method); language theory (automata with multiplicities). Despite this apparent profusion, there is a small set of common, non-naive, basic results and problems , in general not known outside the (max; +) community, which seem to be useful in most applications. The aim of this short survey paper is to present what we believe to be the minimal core of (max; +) results, and to illustrate these results by typical applications, at the frontier of language theory, control, and operations research (performance evaluation of discrete event systems, analysis of Markov decision processes with average cost). Basic techniques include: solving all kinds of systems of linear equations, sometimes with exotic symmetrization and determinant techniques; using the (max; +) Perron-Frobenius theory to study the dynamics of (max; +) linear maps. We point out some open problems and current developments. This survey paper has been prepared for an invited talk at STACS'97 ? Max Plus is a collective name for a working group on (max; +) algebra, at INRIA Rocquencourt, comprising currently: Méthodes et applications de l'algèbre linéaire (max,+) Résumé : Il s'agit d'une brève introduction au semi-anneau (max,+) et autres semi-anneaux tropi-caux, préparée pour une lecture invitée au STACS'97. Ces algèbres exotiques ontétéétudiées depuis la fin des années 50, avec des motivations très variées: (i) recherche opérationnelle, décision Markovi-enne, EDP de Hamilton-Jacobi, (ii) asymptotiques (asymptotiquesà température nulle en physique statistique, grandes déviations, méthode WKB), (iii) théorie des langages (emploi des automatesà multiplicité pour résoudre desprobì emes de décision, comme la " propriété de la puissance finie "); (iv) ´ evaluation de performance d'une bonne classe de systèmesàévénements discrets, qui sont linéaires dans l'algèbre (max,+). Ces applications ont conduità des développements théoriques trop variés pourêtre survolés ici. On s'est contenté de motiver par sept " applications " typiques le petit noyau de résultats (simples, en général peu connus en dehors de la communauté) qui semblentêtre utiles dans la plupart des cas. Il s'agit essentiellement de " l'algèbre linéaire (max,+) " : théorème de la …
Photometric brown-dwarf classification - II. A homogeneous sample of 1361 L and T dwarfs brighter than J = 17.5 with accurate spectral types

We present a homogeneous sample of 1361 L and T dwarfs brighter than J = 17.5 (of which 998 are new), from an effective area of 3070 deg 2 , classified by the photo-type method to an accuracy of one spectral sub-type using izYJHKW 1 W 2 photometry from SDSS+UKIDSS+WISE. Other than a small bias in the early L types, the sample is shown to be effectively complete to the magnitude limit, for all spectral types L0 to T8. The nature of the bias is an incompleteness estimated at 3% because peculiar blue L dwarfs of type L4 and earlier are classified late M. There is a corresponding overcompleteness because peculiar red (likely young) late M dwarfs are classified early L. Contamination of the sample is confirmed to be small: so far spectroscopy has been obtained for 19 sources in the catalogue and all are confirmed to be ultracool dwarfs. We provide coordinates and izYJHKW 1 W 2 photometry of all sources. We identify an apparent discontinuity, Δ m ~ 0.4 mag, in the Y − K colour between spectral types L7 and L8. We present near-infrared spectra of nine sources identified by photo-type as peculiar, including a new low-gravity source ULAS J005505.68+013436.0, with spectroscopic classification L2 γ . We provide revised izYJHKW 1 W 2 template colours for late M dwarfs, types M7 to M9.
DaVinci: Data-driven visual interface construction for subgraph search in graph databases

Due to the complexity of graph query languages, the need for visual query interfaces that can reduce the burden of query formulation is fundamental to the spreading of graph data management tools to a wider community. Despite the significant progress towards building such query interfaces to simplify visual subgraph query formulation task, construction of current generation visual interfaces is not data-driven. That is, it does not exploit the underlying data graphs to automatically generate the contents of various panels in the interface. Such data-driven construction has several benefits such as superior support for subgraph query formulation and portability of the interface across different graph databases. In this demonstration, we present a novel data-driven visual subgraph query interface construction engine called DaVinci. Specifically, it automatically generates from the underlying database two key components of the visual interface to aid subgraph query formulation, namely canned patterns and node labels.
On the relationship between seed‐based and ICA‐based measures of functional connectivity

Brain functional connectivity (FC) refers to inter‐regional synchrony of low frequency fluctuations in blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging. FC has been evaluated both during task performance and in the “resting” state, yielding reports of FC differences correlated with behavior and diagnosis. Two methodologies are widely used for evaluating FC from blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging data: Temporal correlation with a specified seed voxel or small region of interest; and spatial independent component analysis. While results from seed‐based and independent component analysis methodologies are generally similar, they are conceptually different. This study is intended to elucidate and illustrate, qualitatively and quantitatively, the relationship between seed and independent component analysis derived measures of FC. Seed‐based FC measures are shown to be the sum of independent component analysis‐derived within network connectivities and between network connectivities. We present a simple simulation and an experiment on visuomotor activity that highlight this relationship between the two methods. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterizing the Regulation of tfoX in Vibrio fischeri

Natural transformation describes how some bacteria can incorporate exogenous DNA into their genome and acquire new traits. This phenomenon occurs in Vibrios and is induced by the biopolymer chitin. In Vibrios, TfoX is a primary regulator of natural transformation. The mechanisms underlying chitin-induced natural transformation and activation of TfoX in Vibrio fischeri remain unclear. This project examines the response of tfoX expression to various genetic factors and environmental signals, such as N-acetyl-glucosamine, which is derived from chitin. The findings from this study will help us construct a model for the regulatory pathway of tfoX in Vibrio fischeri.
Evolving agent swarms for clustering and sorting

Social insect societies consist of individuals with simple behavior, yet at the collective level the societies are capable of solving complex tasks. These tasks span a wide range, including clustering, patch sorting, and annular sorting. It has proved particularly difficult to recreate the social insects ability to perform annular sorting, even for engineered solutions. In this paper we present the results we have obtained from evolving swarms of agents that are capable of performing clustering, patch sorting, and annular sorting. Most noteworthy is our solution to the 3-type annular sorting problem which has previously not been solved successfully.
Analysis of Poisson Networks and Their Relation with Random Cellular Structures

We perform a detailed analysis of the statistical properties of Poisson networks and show that the metric and topological properties of random cellular structures, can not be derived from simple models of random networks based on a poisson point distribution [1]. In particular we show that Lewis and Aboav-Wieare laws are not obeyed in these network.
Protein Alterations in Infiltrating Ductal Carcinomas of the Breast as Detected by Nonequilibrium pH Gradient Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry

Improvement of breast-cancer detection through the identification of potential cancer biomarkers is considered as a promising strategy for effective assessment of the disease. The current study has used nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis with subsequent analysis by mass spectrometry to identify protein alterations in invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast from Tunisian women. We have identified multiple protein alterations in tumor tissues that were picked, processed, and unambiguously assigned identities by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). The proteins identified span a wide range of functions and are believed to have potential clinical applications as cancer biomarkers. They include glycolytic enzymes, molecular chaperones, cytoskeletal-related proteins, antioxydant enzymes, and immunologic related proteins. Among these proteins, enolase 1, phosphoglycerate kinase 1, deoxyhemoglobin, Mn-superoxyde dismutase, α-B-crystallin, HSP27, Raf kinase inhibitor protein, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1, cofilin 1, and peptidylprolyl isomerase A were overexpressed in tumors compared with normal tissues. In contrast, the IGHG1 protein, the complement C3 component C3c, which are two newly identified protein markers, were downregulated in IDCA tissues.
Securing MMS with High Performance Elliptic Curve Cryptography

Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) is a new standard in mobile messaging. Like SMS, MMS is a way to send a message from one mobile to another. MMS can include not just text, but also sound, images and video. For making MMS secure, steganography can be used with it. Without having privacy of data there is no meaning of doing communication using extremely high end technologies like SMS or MMS. This can be achieved by using steganography, which is the process of hiding secret information inside some carrier. SMS and MMS are can be used as carrier for hiding information on mobile devices. For insisting more security, encrypted data will be hidden inside MMS. As mobile devices have less memory and less processing power, we cannot use computation intensive encryption algorithms like AES, DES, and RSA. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is emerging as an attractive alternative to traditional public-key cryptosystems. ECC offers equivalent security with smaller key sizes resulting in faster computations, lower power consumption, as well as memory and bandwidth savings. In my paper, I have proposed a method of encrypting text with ECC and then hiding encrypted text in MMS. SMS are limited to 160 character messages while MMS has no size limit. Biggest use of MMS is likely to be for companies for sending MMS messages to subscribers, enquirers or customers or for banks for sending secret information like PINS/Passwords etc. The computational burden of ECC can be minimized by executing ECC with multiple threads.
Forwardflow : Scalable , RAM-Based Dataflow Execution

Power (and thermal) limits have forced an industry-wide shift from increasingly complex uniprocessors to multicore chips with 4, 8, and even 16 simpler processor cores. Yet Amdahl’s Law suggests that these cores should not be too simple, lest they exacerbate even a parallel application’s sequential bottlenecks. Furthermore, running all cores at full speed will soon exceed the chip’s power envelope. Ideally, future CMPs should use cores that trade-off power and performance, allowing the system to scale up a core’s instruction-level parallelism (ILP) and memory-level parallelism (MLP) to improve sequential performance. This work presents the Forwardflow microarchitecture, which executes instructions out-of-order using RAM-based structures in lieu of non-scalable CAMor matrix-based mechanisms. Forwardflow dynamically builds an explicit internal dataflow representation from a conventional ISA, using forward dependence pointers to guide instruction wakeup, selection, and issue. Because all of Forwardflow’s major data structures are RAM-based, the instruction window scales large enough to tolerate long memory access times.
Multiple Pathways of Spx (YjbD) Proteolysis in Bacillus subtilis

ABSTRACT ATP-dependent proteases degrade denatured or misfolded proteins and are recruited for the controlled removal of proteins that block activation of regulatory pathways. Among the ATP-dependent proteases, those of the Clp family are particularly important for the growth and development of Bacillus subtilis. Proteolytic subunit ClpP, together with regulatory ATPase subunit ClpC or ClpX, is required for the normal response to stress, for development of genetic competence, and for sporulation. The spx (formally yjbD) gene was previously identified as a site of mutations that suppress defects in competence conferred by clpP and clpX. The level of Spx in wild-type cells grown in competence medium is low, and that in clpP mutants is high. This suggests that the Spx protein is a substrate for ClpP-containing proteases and that accumulation of Spx might be partly responsible for the observed pleiotropic phenotype resulting from the clpP mutation. In this study we examined, both in vivo and in vitro, which ClpP protease is responsible for degradation of Spx. Western blot analysis showed that Spx accumulated in clpX mutant to the same level as that observed in the clpP mutant. In contrast, a very low concentration of Spx was detected in a clpC mutant. An in vitro proteolysis experiment using purified proteins demonstrated that Spx was degraded by ClpCP but only in the presence of one of the ClpC adapter proteins, MecA or YpbH. However, ClpXP, either in the presence or in the absence of MecA and YpbH, was unable to degrade Spx. Transcription of spx, as measured by expression of spx-lacZ, was slightly increased by the clpX mutation. To exclude a possible effect of clpX and clpP on spx transcription, the spx gene was placed under the control of the IPTG (isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside)-inducible Pspac promoter. In this strain, Spx accumulated when ClpX or ClpP was absent, suggesting that ClpX and ClpP are required for degradation of Spx. Taken together, these results suggest that Spx is degraded by both ClpCP and ClpXP. The putative proteolysis by ClpXP might require another adapter protein. Spx probably is degraded by ClpCP under as yet unidentified conditions. This study suggests that the level of Spx is tightly controlled by two different ClpP proteases.
Influencing Factors and Explanations of “Saying-is-Believing” Effect

In interpersonal communication,Communicators often tune their description of the target person to suit their audience’s attitude,and then their subsequent memory and evaluation of the target is biased in the direction of the audience’s attitude,which is called "saying-is-believing" effect.There are many influential factors,including communication goals,feedback,the relationship of communicator and audience,epistemic needs,the personality of communicator and so on.Researchers explain this effect with the basic information process,cognitive dissonance theory,and shared reality theory.Future research could be extended to the group research and improve the theory and carry out more applied research.
An Improved Probabilistic Ant based Clustering for Distributed Databases

In this paper we present an improved version of the Probabilistic Ant based Clustering Algorithm for Distributed Databases (PACE). The most important feature of this algorithm is the formation of numerous zones in different sites based on corresponding user queries to the distributed database. Keywords, extracted out of the queries, are used to assign a range of values according to their corresponding probability of occurrence or hit ratio at each site. We propose the introduction of weights for individual or groups of data items in each zone according to their relevance to the queries along with the concept of familial pheromone trails as part of an Ant Odor Identification Model to bias the movements of different types of ants towards the members of their own family. Its performance is compared against PACE and other known clustering algorithms for different evaluation measures and an improvement is shown in terms of convergence speed and quality of solution obtained.
Newtonian Limits of the Relativistic Cosmological Perturbations

Relativistic cosmological perturbation analyses can be made based on several different fundamental gauge conditions. In the pressureless limit the variables in certain gauge conditions show the correct Newtonian behaviors. We consider the general curvature and the cosmological constant in the background medium. The perturbed density in the comoving gauge, and the perturbed velocity and the perturbed potential in the zero-shear gauge show the same behavior as the Newtonian ones in a general scale. Far inside horizon, except for the uniform-density gauge, density perturbations in all the fundamental gauge conditions show the correct Newtonian behavior. In this paper we elaborate these Newtonian correspondences. We also present the relativistic results considering general pressures in the background and perturbation.