Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Extended, Obscured Starbursts in Submillimeter Galaxies

We compare high-resolution optical and radio imaging of 12 luminous submillimeter galaxies at a median z = 2.2 ± 0.2 observed with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the MERLIN and Very Large Array (VLA) radio interferometers at comparable spatial resolution, ~0. ″3 (~2 kpc). The radio emission is used as a tracer of the likely far-IR morphology of these dusty, luminous galaxies. In ~30% of the sample the radio emission appears unresolved at this spatial scale, suggesting that the power source is compact and may be either an obscured active galactic nucleus or a compact nuclear starburst. However, in the majority of the galaxies (8/12; ~70%), we find that the radio emission is resolved by MERLIN/VLA on scales of ~1'' (~10 kpc). For these galaxies we also find that the radio morphologies are often broadly similar to their rest-frame-UV emission traced by our HST imaging. To assess whether the radio emission may be extended on even larger scales (≫1'') resolved out by the MERLIN+VLA synthesized images, we compare VLA B-array (5'' beam) to VLA A-array (1.″5 beam) fluxes for a sample of 50 μJy radio sources, including five submillimeter galaxies. The submillimeter galaxies have comparable fluxes at these resolutions, and we conclude that the typical radio-emitting region in these galaxies is unlikely to be much larger than ~1'' (~10 kpc). We discuss the probable mechanisms for the extended emission in these galaxies and conclude that their luminous radio and submillimeter emission arises from a large, spatially extended starburst. The median star formation rates for these galaxies are ~1700 M☉ yr-1 (M > 0.1 M☉), occurring within regions with typical sizes of ~40 kpc2 and giving a star formation density of 45 M☉ yr-1 kpc-2. Such vigorous and extended starbursts appear to be uniquely associated with the submillimeter population. A more detailed comparison of the distribution of UV and radio emission in these systems shows that the broad similarities on large scales are not carried through to smaller scales, where there is rarely a one-to-one correspondence between the structures seen in the two wave bands. We interpret these differences as resulting from highly structured internal obscuration within the submillimeter galaxies, suggesting that their vigorous activity is producing windblown channels through their obscuring dust clouds. If correct, this underlines the difficulty of using UV morphologies to understand structural properties of this population and also may explain the surprising frequency of Lyα emission in the spectra of these very dusty galaxies.
Interactive presentation: Feasibility of combined area and performance optimization for superscalar processors using random search

When designing embedded systems, one needs to make decisions concerning the different components that will be included in a microprocessor. An important issue is the chip area vs. performance trade-off. In this paper we investigate the relationship between chip area and performance for superscalar microprocessors. We investigate the feasibility to obtain a suitable configuration by searching. We show that our approach gives a good configuration after 100 to 150 iterations using a simple random search algorithm. This shows the feasibility of our approach, in particular when more sophisticated search algorithms are employed as we plan in future work.
On-Line Database Tuning

This paper introduces Colt (Continuous On-Line Tuning), a novel self-tuning framework that continuously monitors the incoming queries and adjusts the system configuration in order to maximize query performance. The key idea behind Colt is to gather performance statistics at different levels of detail and to carefully allocate profiling resources to the most promising candidate configurations. Moreover, Colt uses effective heuristics to self-regulate its own performance, lowering its overhead when the system is well tuned and being more aggressive when the workload shifts and it becomes necessary to re-tune the system. We detail the design of the generic Colt system, and present its specialization to the important problem of selecting an effective set of indices for a relational query load. We describe an implementation of the proposed framework in the PostgreSQL database system and evaluate its performance experimentally. Our results validate the effectiveness of Colt in self-tuning a relational database, demonstrating its ability to modify the system configuration in response to changes in the query load. Moreover, Colt achieves performance improvements that are comparable to more expensive off-line techniques, thus verifying the potential of the on-line approach in the design of self-tuning systems.
Real-Time Security Exercises on a Realistic Interdomain Routing Experiment Platform

We use a realistic interdomain routing experiment platform to conduct real-time attack and defense exercises for training purposes. Our interdomain routing experiment platform integrates open-source router software, real-time network simulation, and light-weight machine virtualization technologies, and is capable of supporting realistic large-scale routing experiments. The network model used consists of major autonomous systems connecting Swedish Internet users with realistic routing configurations derived from the routing registry. We conduct a series of real-time security exercises on this routing system to study the consequence of intentionally propagating false routing information on interdomain routing and the effectiveness of corresponding defensive measures. We describe three kinds of simplistic BGP attacks in the context of security exercises designed specifically for training purposes. While an attacker can launch attacks from a compromised router by changing its routing policies, administrators will be able to observe the adverse effect of these attacks and subsequently apply appropriate defensive measures to mitigate their impact,such as installing filtering rules. These exercises, all carried out in real time, demonstrate the feasibility of routing experiments using the real-time routing experiment platform.
Rapidly-Varying Speed of Sound, Scale Invariance and Non-Gaussian Signatures

We show that curvature perturbations acquire a scale invariant spectrum for any constant equation of state, provided the fluid has a suitably time-dependent sound speed. In order for modes to exit the physical horizon, and in order to solve the usual problems of standard big bang cosmology, we argue that the only allowed possibilities are inflationary (albeit not necessarily slow-roll) expansion or ekpyrotic contraction. Non-Gaussianities offer many distinguish features. As usual with a small sound speed, non-Gaussianity can be relatively large, around current sensitivity levels. For DBI-like lagrangians, the amplitude is negative in the inflationary branch, and can be either negative or positive in the ekpyrotic branch. Unlike the power spectrum, the three-point amplitude displays a large tilt that, in the expanding case, peaks on smallest scales. While the shape is predominantly of the equilateral type in the inflationary branch, as in DBI inflation, it is of the local form in the ekpyrotic branch. The tensor spectrum is also generically far from scale invariant. In the contracting case, for instance, tensors are strongly blue tilted, resulting in an unmeasurably small gravity wave amplitude on cosmic microwave background scales.
Evaluating profiling and query expansion methods for P2P information retrieval

This paper addresses the issue of peer profiles, i.e. compact representations of a peer's locally offered content, and their use in P2P information retrieval and routing. Experiments with different profile building and query expansion methods show that compression of profiles is possible without losing too much retrieval performance and that query expansion using global co-occurrence data can improve results by approx. 10%.
Nouvelles techniques de procréation: quelques réflexions d'une gynécologue sur la médicalisation et la psychologisation du désir d'enfant

Plus la medicalisation et la technologie progressent, plus il est difficile de faire place a une dimension autre que celle de la biologisation de la reproduction humaine, comme si tout pouvait se reduire a un ovule, un spermatozoide, ou un œuf dans la creation de la vie
Automatic Hypertext Keyphrase Detection

This paper describes initial experiments in applying knowledge derived from hypertext structure to domain-specific automatic keyphrase extraction. It is found that hyperlink information can improve the effectiveness of automatic keyphrase extraction by 50%. However, the primary goal of this project is to apply similar techniques to information retrieval tasks such as web searching. These initial results show promise for the applicability of these techniques to more far-reaching tasks.
Gamma-ray bursts associated with supernovae: a systematic analysis of BATSE GRB candidates

We examined the properties of a sample of BATSE Gamma--Ray Bursts (GRBs) comprising events which have indications of association with a supernova (SN), some on the basis of indications of re--brightening in the optical afterglow light curve, but in most cases based only on the `loose' temporal and directional coincidence inferred from the cross correlation of catalogs. Despite of the large uncertainties in the latter selection method, the temporal and spectral analysis reveal three interesting statistical results when the sample is compared with that of all the BATSE GRBs: the GRBs tentatively associated with SNe are found to predominantly (in $\sim$ 80% of the cases) have single-peaked light curves, a softer spectrum (i.e. low energy power law index $\alpha \sim$ --1.5) and tend not to follow the Lag-Luminosity and Isotropic Energy--Peak Energy correlations. These three independent statistical properties point toward the existence of a significant number of under-luminous,GRB 980425-like events constituting -- at least from an observational point of view -- a tail or a separate class with respect to the whole of the BATSE GRB events. The unusually high percentage of SN Ibc among those identified by the catalog cross--correlation (factor $\sim 4$ higher than expected from SN catalog statistics) reinforces the non-randomness of (some of) the selected events.
Permanent-Magnet Flux-Switching Synchronous Motor Employing a Segmental Rotor

This paper introduces a three-phase segmental-rotor flux-switching synchronous motor employing permanent-magnet (PM) excitation in the stator. Flux-switching machines operate with bipolar flux and flux linkages and are therefore associated with high torque densities. Employing a segmental rotor significantly alters the scheme for flux switching from that with toothed rotors but provides a means to deploy radially acting magnets in the stator teeth. The whole arrangement presents advantages of fault tolerance capability, brushless operation, easy cooling, and simplicity of construction. A three-phase motor is developed on a 12-tooth stator with six radial magnets and a rotor with eight segments. Design considerations are applied to the location and shape of the magnets. The developed design has attraction for low-cost applications as the torque capability per unit mass of magnets deployed is found to be about 1.4 times as much as that for conventional PM synchronous motors of the same general size. Measurement results on experimental machines show that the segmented-rotor motor with PM excitation can achieve nearly twice the torque density of the similar-sized segmented-rotor motor with a dc field winding.
Research on Educational Aspirations of the Temporary Migrant Children Family

This paper discusses the situation and effects of the education expectation of parents to their children,based on the baseline data of "Panel Study on the Development of Migrant children". The results showed that it is popular in China that high-level education is expected by the parents,which is not related to the economic status.The social-cultural background contributes more to the education expectation,such as the parents' education level,the cognition of the importance of the parents on family education and the degree.The education achievement of child plays important role in the education expectation of his parents.There is different education expectation between father and mother,the migrant children in public school and those in migrant school,while the later is same as the resident children.However,the causal relationship between education choice of the migrant children and the education expectation would be further discussed.
Towards Cleaning-Up Open Data Portals: A Metadata Reconciliation Approach

This paper presents an approach for metadata reconciliation, curation and linking for Open Governamental Data Portals (ODPs). ODPs have been lately the standard solution for governments willing to put their public data available for the society. Portal managers use several types of metadata to organize the datasets, one of the most important ones being the tags. However, the tagging process is subject to many problems, such as synonyms, ambiguity or incoherence, among others. As our empiric analysis of ODPs shows, these issues are currently prevalent in most ODPs and effectively hinders the reuse of Open Data. In order to address these problems, we develop and implement an approach for tag reconciliation in Open Data Portals, encompassing local actions related to individual portals, and global actions for adding a semantic metadata layer above individual portals. The local part aims to enhance the quality of tags in a single portal, and the global part is meant to interlink ODPs by establishing relations between tags.
Primitive Subtyping ^ Implicit Polymorphism J = Object-orientation Extended Abstract

1 Overview We present a new predicative and decidable type system called ML that adds primitive subtyp-ing to the ML type system 17]. Our goal is to devise a type discipline for a strongly typed, higher-order object-oriented language, building on well-understood concepts from type systems for functional languages, rather than on special calculi 1] or resorting to \ad-hoc" polymor-phism 19, 23], second-order systems 6, 21], or recursive types 4]. Instead, our system is based on the following ideas. We insist on a separation of interface and implementation. Interfaces de-ne types and method signatures, where subtyp-ing provides for a hierarchical, user-extensible modelling. Implementation modules may deene data types (in the form of tagged records), which form the leaves of the type hierarchy, as well as method implementations for speciic argument types. We do not model the inheritance of implementations (which we believe to be a purely syntactic notion) in the type system. We think of methods as sets of functions, similar in spirit to languages like CLOS 7] and Cecil 5], that dispatch on the run-time types of all their arguments. We enrich the original Hindley-Milner type system 12, 17] with polymorphic constrained types of the form 8#: : where # is a set of variables, is a constraint, and is a (quantiier-free) monotype. Before we deene these notions in detail in section 2, we would like to illustrate the use of our type system at the hand of the classical example of points in the two-dimensional plane, expressed in a ctitious language with full type annotations (see gure 1). We do not study type inference in this paper, although we will come back to this issue in the conclusion. The interface Point declares a zero-ary type constructor class Point as well as a type con-structor point. Type constructors are used to form complex type expressions; we identify a zero-ary type constructor such as point with the type point ]. Type constructor classes partition the universe of type constructors into dis-joint subuniverses. In particular, we consider two types incomparable if their outermost type constructors belong to diierent classes. In OO jargon, one would call the type point an \ab-stract class", because the interface does not de-ne an implementation for points. The interface Point speciies three methods dist, move, and leq that operate on objects of type point. Method dist has type point ! real, that is, it expects an argument of …
Size Contrast and Assimilation Explained by the Statistics of Natural Scene Geometry

The term size contrast and assimilation refers to a large class of geometrical illusions in which the apparent sizes of identical visual targets in various contexts are different. Here we have examined whether these intriguing discrepancies between physical and perceived size can be explained by a visual process in which percepts are determined by the probability distribution of the possible real-world sources of retinal stimuli. To test this idea, we acquired a range image database of natural scenes that specified the location of every image point in 3-D space. By sampling the possible physical sources of various size contrast or assimilation stimuli in the database, we determined the probability distributions of the size of the target in the images generated by these sources. For each of the various stimuli tested, these probability distributions of target size in different contexts accurately predicted the perceptual effects reported in psychophysical studies. We conclude that size contrast and assimilation effects are a further manifestation of a fundamentally probabilistic process of visual perception.
Is RSSI a Reliable Parameter in Sensor Localization Algorithms – An Experimental Study

Wireless sensor networks are becoming ubiquitous and their application areas are widening by the day. Localization algorithms play an important role in enhancing the utility of data collected by enabling sensors to determine the location from which each data packet is obtained. Localization can be done by implementing beacon based algorithms or signature based algorithms. Much of the research work in this area assumes received signal strength indicator (RSSI) as a parameter in their localization algorithms. Since RSSI is the key parameter, we conducted practical experiments to assess whether RSSI could indeed be used by localization algorithms to determine distances between sensors. In our experiments, we tried to calibrate and map RSSI to distance under various conditions and concluded that despite promising hypothetical advantages of RSSI, even under ideal conditions it cannot be used to determine inter nodal distances in wireless sensor networks.
Defense Mechanism or Socialization Tactic? Improving Wikipedia's Notifications to Rejected Contributors

Unlike traditional firms, open collaborative systems rely on volunteers to operate, and many communities struggle to maintain enough contributors to ensure the quality and quantity of content. However, Wikipedia has historically faced the exact opposite problem: too much participation, particularly from users who, knowingly or not, do not share the same norms as veteran Wikipedians. During its period of exponential growth, the Wikipedian community developed specialized socio-technical defense mechanisms to protect itself from the negatives of massive participation: spam, vandalism, falsehoods, and other damage. Yet recently, Wikipedia has faced a number of high-profile issues with recruiting and retaining new contributors. In this paper, we first illustrate and describe the various defense mechanisms at work in Wikipedia, which we hypothesize are inhibiting newcomer retention. Next, we present results from an experiment aimed at increasing both the quantity and quality of editors by altering various elements of these defense mechanisms, specifically pre-scripted warnings and notifications that are sent to new editors upon reverting or rejecting contributions. Using logistic regressions to model new user activity, we show which tactics work best for different populations of users based on their motivations when joining Wikipedia. In particular, we found that personalized messages in which Wikipedians identified themselves in active voice and took direct responsibility for rejecting an editor’s contributions were much more successful across a variety of outcome metrics than the current messages, which typically use an institutional and passive voice.
Evidence of long‐term seasonal climate forcing in rhizolith isotopes during the last glaciation

High density carbonate rhizoliths were found from a loess‐paleosol succession from the late Wisconsin period (21–11 ka) in Illinois. Their morphology shows that they formed in a close contact with living and decomposing roots, suggesting a root/microbial respiration origin. Carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopic analyses were performed on 36 and 37 individual rhizoliths of two separate 10 cm intervals and 98 bulk rhizoliths of all 10 cm intervals. The results of the individual rhizolith δ13C and δ18O analyses suggest that the carbon source was largely derived from respiring C3, C4 and microbial biomass, and that meteoric water was controlled mainly by warm‐season precipitation. The results of bulk rhizolith δ13C and δ18O analyses show that warm‐season proxies varied in phase with glacial fluctuations at submillennial scales, suggesting long‐term seasonal forcing may have played an important role on climate change during the late Wisconsin glaciation in North America.
Hybrid Speech Recognition System based on Wavelet 9 / 7 and Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficient

approach (uses wavelet transforms tap 9/7 and MFCC) as a feature extraction method to recognize speech signals. Then comparing this hybrid system with two other systems, first system is based on wavelet tap 9/7 and the second one is based on MFCC. A back-propagation neural network was utilized to recognize the speech segments. MFCC based system gave better recognition rate than the wavelet system. The recognition rate of the proposed hybrid system is give better result than the recognizers based on MFCC or wavelet.
One‐dimensional airflow in unsaturated zone induced by periodic water table fluctuation

This paper investigates the vertical airflow driven by fluctuating water table within the lower layer of a coastal two‐layered system. The upper layer is unsaturated and semipermeable, while the lower is permeable. An analytical solution of the subsurface air pressure fluctuation is derived on the basis of model simplification assumptions, the reasonability of which was examined by numerical solutions of the original nonlinear model. The airflow in the upper layer is controlled from the top by the constant atmospheric pressure and from the bottom by a temporally fluctuating air pressure P0(t), which is spatially constant in the unsaturated zone of the lower layer. For a sinusoidal head the amplitude of P0(t) increases with the frequency of the head fluctuation, the upper layer's thickness, and the unconfined aquifer's air‐filled porosity and decreases with the upper layer's permeability. The phase shift of P0(t) ranges from 0 to π/2, indicating a “time advance. ” Particularly, P0(t) is approximately proportional to the temporal derivative of the head for sufficiently thin or permeable upper layer and to the head itself for sufficiently thick or less permeable one. The fluctuation amplitude of the water table is always less than that of the head and can be only one tenth of the latter if the upper layer is sufficiently thick or less permeable, which may slow significantly the landward attenuation speed of the tide‐induced head fluctuation in a coastal “air‐confined” aquifer. The analytical solution was used to estimate the value range of the air permeability of the marine sand fill at a coastal reclamation area of Hong Kong.