Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short-wavelength sensitivity for the direct effects of light on alertness, vigilance, and the waking electroencephalogram in humans.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To assess the wavelength-dependent sensitivity of the acute effects of ocular light exposure on alertness, performance, waking electroencephalogram (EEG), and cortisol. DESIGN A between-subjects design was employed to compare the effects of exposure to 460-nm or 555-nm light for 6.5 hours during the biological night. SETTING Intensive Physiological Monitoring Unit, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS Sixteen healthy adults (8 women; mean age +/- SD = 23.3 +/- 2.4 years). INTERVENTIONS Subjects were exposed to equal photon densities (2.8 x 10(13) photons x cm(-2) x s(-1)) of either 460-nm (n = 8) or 555-nm (n = 8) monochromatic light for 6.5 hours, 15 minutes after mydriasis. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Subjects underwent continuous EEG/electrooculogram recordings and completed a performance battery every 30 to 60 minutes. As compared with those exposed to 555-nm light, subjects exposed to 460-nm light had significantly lower subjective sleepiness ratings, decreased auditory reaction time, fewer attentional failures, decreased EEG power density in the delta-theta range (0.5-5.5 Hz), and increased EEG power density in the high-alpha range (9.5-10.5 Hz). Light had no direct effect on cortisol. CONCLUSIONS Short-wavelength sensitivity to the acute alerting effects of light indicates that the visual photopic system is not the primary photoreceptor system mediating these responses to light. The frequency-specific changes in the waking EEG indicate that short-wavelength light is a powerful agent that immediately attenuates the negative effects of both homeostatic sleep pressure and the circadian drive for sleep on alertness, performance, and the ability to sustain attention.
The role of early emotion impairments in the development of persistent antisocial behavior

Antisocial behavior that begins in childhood predicts chronic and serious antisocial behavior in adulthood. Antisocial children are impaired in how they perceive, experience, and regulate emotion, particularly fear and sadness, and the neurobiological systems that process aversive emotional information, particularly the stress response systems in the paralimbic system, are compromised. As a result, children may have a difficult temperament, impaired cognitive abilities, or different levels of emotional reactivity. These characteristics, in turn, increase the risk that children have poor social relationships and make decisions that increase the likelihood that their antisocial behavior becomes stable and pervasive. In this article, I clarify the role of emotion impairments in children's antisocial behavior. I also argue that investigating these emotional functions can help identify which children are more likely to persist in behaving antisocially and guide the development of new interventions.
The Leader-Following Consensus for Multiple Uncertain Euler-Lagrange Systems With an Adaptive Distributed Observer

In this note, we first propose an adaptive distributed observer for a linear leader system. This observer only assumes those followers who are the children of the leader know the system matrix of the leader system. Then, we further develop a distributed adaptive controller utilizing this adaptive distributed observer to solve the leader-following consensus problem for multiple uncertain Euler-Lagrange systems without assuming that all the followers need to know the system matrix of the leader system.
Based on Micro-grid Small-Signal Model Grid Off-Grid Seamless Handover Stability Study

Micro switch seamlessly from the power grid network is an important means to ensure the micro grid load within a continuous and reliable power supply. Respectively, micro power grid and off grid state to establish small-signal model, using eigen value analysis, analysis of micro-grid system stability, the stability of the two states before and after the micro-grid simulation contrast, obtained the switching process will produce sustained oscillation, and the question of how to optimize the controller decreases the impact of the program oscillations.
SYNDROME OF FINGER AGNOSIA, DISORIENTATION FOR RIGHT AND LEFT, AGRAPHIA AND ACALCULIA: LOCAL DIAGNOSTIC VALUE

This paper is concerned with the syndrome, described by me some years ago, of finger agnosia, disorientation for right and left, agraphia and acalculia, appearing as a result of a cerebral lesion located in the transitional area of the lower parietal and the middle occipital convolution. In 1924 I first described the symptom of primary elective disability for recognizing, naming, selecting, differentiating and indicating the individual fingers of either hand, the patient's own as well as those of other persons, and called the condition "finger agnosia. " Subsequent to this gnostic disorientation with respect to the fingers, restriction in their separate kinetic realization not infrequently occurs. I also showed that the symptom of finger agnosia is characteristically associated with disorientation for right and left in respect to the patient's own body, as well as that of other persons, with special reference to the hands and fingers. The symptoms tend to appear
Requirements for and Design of a Processor with Predictable Timing

This paper introduces a set of design principles that aim to make processor architectures amenable to static timing analysis. Based on these principles, we give a design of a hard real-time processor with predictable timing, which is simultaneously capable of reaching respectable performance levels. The design principles we identify are recoverability from information loss in the analysis, minimal variation of the instruction timing, non-interference between processor components, deterministic processor behavior, and comprehensive documentation. The principles are based on our experience and that of other researchers in building timing analysis tools for existing processors.
A Pharmacological Perspective of Drugs Used in Establishing Conditioned Food Aversions a

In a previous review of the then limited pharmacological studies of conditioned taste aversions (CTA), it was noted that modern psychology did not deal with the hedonic nature of ~e inforcers . ~~ Rather the approach was, and continues to be, one of defining reinforcers operationally as those events that when appropriately paired with behavior have the ability to change the rate of occurrence of the behavior. Thus, positive reinforcers are events that an organism will seek out, try to maintain, and not avoid; negative reinforcers involve aversive stimuli that an organism will neither seek nor maintain, and will usually try to terminate. Although rigorous operational definitions can be given, the concept of a “reinforcer” carries with it a considerable amount of hedonic connotation. To a large extent, pharmacological studies of CTAs, tacitly or otherwise, have addressed the issue of specifying the hedonic nature of the events that, when paired with a gustatory stimulus, produce a CTA.s~19~49~ss~56~117 There is general consensus among the numerous reviewers that the pharmacological literature does not give an answer to the specific nature of CTA producing events, but rather specifies limitations on previously postulated mechanisms. The conclusions are based on regarding CTA as a homogeneous process. Recent research has questioned this assumption by the introduction of measures other than consumption as indices of CTA63. ’07 and this issue is addressed below. First, it is necessary to briefly review the history of explanations of CTA.
Exploring the dynamics of the visual word recognition system: Homophone effects in LDT and’naming

Homophone effects, involving longer response latencies for homophones (e.g., FEAT) than for matched control words (e.g., FLIP) in the lexical decision task (LDT), have now been observed in a number of studies and have provided a useful means of investigating the dynamics of the visual word recognition system. In the present study we furthered that investigation by examining whether homophone effects are observed for homophonic words that differ in morphological structure from their homophone mates (e.g., BILLED/BUILD), and whether homophone effects can be observed in naming tasks. Results showed null homophone effects for morphologically different homophones like BILLED, under conditions where homophone effects for morphologically similar homophones (e.g., FEAT/FEET, WEIGHTED/WAITED) were substantial (Experiments 1 and 3). Results also showed small but significant homophone effects in naming (Experiment 2). Implications for models of visual word recognition are discussed.
Improving graduate students learning through the use of Moodle

Moodle stands as an online tool that promotes enhanced learning in higher education. However, it often becomes a repository of contents instead of an interactive environment. In this paper we describe how this platform was used by university students and teachers in 104 courses and compare whether ICT-as core subject courses-use Moodle more effectively than non-ICT content related courses. A sample of 393 students answered a 20-item Likert-type questionnaire (OUS-Q) and three open questions. Descriptive statistical analyses, chi square comparisons and topical analysis were conducted. The results show that all courses include a large number of digital contents and activities. However, scores for ICT-courses were significantly higher in evaluation of assignments or video-learning. There were no noticeable differences in other factors. Qualitative data show 891 comments that were classified into five dimensions. In conclusion Moodle improved content management and interactivity but only ICT courses used it as a learning platform. Key words: Teacher education, student teachers, university teaching.
A Comparison of Static and Dynamic Balance in Congenitally Blind, Sighted, and Sighted Blindfolded Adolescents

The purpose of this investigation was to compare static and dynamic balance in sighted, sighted blindfolded, and congenitally blind students. The subjects (N = 51) ranged in age from 14.1 to 17.4 years of age. The sighted subjects (N = 34) were randomly assigned to one of two groups, 17 in the sighted and 17 in the sighted blindfolded group. The 17 congenitally blind subjects were selected from the total population of blind students attending a special school for the blind. All subjects were tested for static balance using the Stork Stand. Dynamic balance was measured using the stabilometer. The data analysis revealed significant differences between all three groups, with the sighted group demonstrating superior balance for both measures. The blind subjects performed significantly better than the sighted blindfolded group for dynamic balance only. The results of the study support previous investigations which have demonstrated that sighted individuals have better balance when compared with blind individua.
[MRI-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of hepatic neoplasms--first technical and clinical experiences].

PURPOSE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of MR-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hepatic neoplasms. MATERIAL AND METHODS 16 hepatic neoplasms (1.3-3.0 cm in diameter) in 11 patients were treated by 22 percutaneous RFA sessions during a prospective study. 16 G, MR-compatible cooled-tip electrodes with active lengths of 2 cm and 3 cm, respectively, were placed under MR-guidance in an open 0.2 Tesla MR system (Magnetom Open, Siemens, Erlangen) using fast T1-weighted sequences. Pretreatment studies, evaluation of tumor necrosis (one week after last RFA), and further follow-up studies every 3 months were performed using 1.5 Tesla MR systems. RESULTS The mean procedure time was 2.8 (1.5-3.3) h. Complications related to percutaneous treatment were not encountered. 14 of 16 neoplasms (87%) showed no CM enhancement during MRI after the last RFA and were judged to be completely necrotic. In 11 tumors one treatment session was necessary, in 4 tumors two and in one tumor three. Follow-up studies revealed persistent complete necrosis in 13 of 14 (93%) tumors during a period of 3-18 (median: 11.8) months. In 5 patients new intrahepatic tumors developed that were not suitable for further RFA treatment because of their number, size and location. CONCLUSION MR-guided RFA using single cooled tip electrodes is safe and technically effective for treatment of hepatic neoplasms up to 3 cm in size, however further improvements are necessary.
Discerning the Quality of Organizational Learning

This paper presents a conceptualization of organizational learning quality based on a comparison of two successful and two unsuccessful episodes of post-accident reviews in an elite combat unit of the Israel Defense Forces. Analyses of semi-structured interviews of key participants revealed that: (1) the outcomes of high-quality organizational learning (OL) were effective lessons learned that are assimilated into the organization’s mode of operation. (2) Assimilation was contingent on gaining the hearts and minds of the organization’s members. (3) The processes of high-quality organizational learning were systematic and mindful, enlisted internal and external sources of knowledge, and engaged members in active participation. In addition, these processes were embedded in a culture of learning. (4) The immediate context of high-level organizational learning consisted of a receptive and supportive leadership that induces psychological safety. A 10-parameters integrative model of the quality of OL based on these findings is presented.
From synapses to behavior: Development of a sensory‐motor circuit in the leech

The development of neuronal circuits has been advanced greatly by the use of imaging techniques that reveal the activity of neurons during the period when they are constructing synapses and forming circuits. This review focuses on experiments performed in leech embryos to characterize the development of a neuronal circuit that produces a simple segmental behavior called “local bending. ” The experiments combined electrophysiology, anatomy, and FRET‐based voltage‐sensitive dyes (VSDs). The VSDs offered two major advantages in these experiments: they allowed us to record simultaneously the activity of many neurons, and unlike other imaging techniques, they revealed inhibition as well as excitation. The results indicated that connections within the circuit are formed in a predictable sequence: initially neurons in the circuit are connected by electrical synapses, forming a network that itself generates an embryonic behavior and prefigures the adult circuit; later chemical synapses, including inhibitory connections, appear, “sculpting” the circuit to generate a different, mature behavior. In this developmental process, some of the electrical connections are completely replaced by chemical synapses, others are maintained into adulthood, and still others persist and share their targets with chemical synaptic connections. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008
The fission yeast pmk1+ gene encodes a novel mitogen-activated protein kinase homolog which regulates cell integrity and functions coordinately with the protein kinase C pathway

We have isolated a gene, pmk1+, a third mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) gene homolog from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The predicted amino acid sequence shows the most homology (63 to 65% identity) to those of budding yeast Saccharomyces Mpk1 and Candida Mkc1. The Pmk1 protein contains phosphorylated tyrosines, and the level of tyrosine phosphorylation was increased in the dsp1 mutant which lacks an attenuating phosphatase for Pmk1. The level of tyrosine phosphorylation appears constant during hypotonic or heat shock treatment. The cells with pmk1 deleted (delta pmk1) are viable but show various defective phenotypes, including cell wall weakness, abnormal cell shape, a cytokinesis defect, and altered sensitivities to cations, such as hypersensitivity to potassium and resistance to sodium. Consistent with a high degree of conservation of amino acid sequence, multicopy plasmids containing the MPK1 gene rescued the defective phenotypes of the delta pmk1 mutant. The frog MAPK gene also suppressed the pmk1 disruptant. The results of genetic analysis indicated that Pmk1 lies on a novel MAPK pathway which does not overlap functionally with the other two MAPK pathways, the Spk1-dependent mating signal pathway and Sty1/Spc1/Phh1-dependent stress-sensing pathway. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Mpk1 is involved in cell wall integrity and functions downstream of the protein kinase C homolog. In contrast, in S. pombe, Pmk1 may not act in a linear manner with respect to fission yeast protein kinase C homologs. Interestingly, however, these two pathways are not independent; instead, they regulate cell integrity in a coordinate manner.
Parkinsonism in Older Adults and Its Association With Adverse Health Outcomes and Neuropathology.

BACKGROUND Mild parkinsonian signs have been documented in community-dwelling older adults without Parkinson's disease. We estimated the proportion of older adults with parkinsonism and examined its association with adverse health outcomes and indices of brain pathology. METHODS Four parkinsonian signs were assessed with the motor portion of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale in 2,962 older adults who agreed to annual evaluation and brain autopsy. We used Cox proportional hazards models to examine the association of parkinsonism (two or more signs) and possible parkinsonism (one sign) with adverse health outcomes and regression models in 1,160 decedents to examine the association of parkinsonism and neuropathology. RESULTS At study entry about 25% (N = 776, 26.2%) had parkinsonism and 30% had possible parkinsonism (N = 885, 29.9%). Parkinsonism was strongly related to age. The frequency was 11.8% for people younger than 75 years, 29.1% for those aged 75-84 years, and 43.7% for those aged 85 years or older. Parkinsonism was associated with an increased hazard of death, of mild cognitive impairment, of Alzheimer's disease and disability. Individuals with possible parkinsonism also had an increased risk for adverse health outcomes compared to individuals without parkinsonism. Postmortem indices of macroscopic and microscopic infarcts, arteriolosclerosis, and atherosclerosis were associated with parkinsonism proximate to death. CONCLUSIONS Parkinsonism is common in older adults and is associated with an increased risk of adverse health outcomes and postmortem indices of brain pathology. Its association with age suggests that it will increase in our aging population.
Let Us Now Praise Great Men: Bringing the Statesman Back In

In January 1762, Prussia hovered on the brink of disaster. Despite the masterful generalship of Frederick the Great, the combined forces of France, Austria, and Russia had gradually worn down the Prussian army in six years of constant warfare. Austrian armies had marched deep into Saxony and Silesia, and the Russians had even sacked Berlin. Frederick’s defeat appeared imminent, and the enemy coalition intended to partition Prussia to reduce it to the status of a middle German state no more powerful than Bavaria or Saxony. And then a miracle occurred. The Prusso-phobic Czarina Elizabeth unexpectedly died, only to be succeeded by her son Peter, who idolized the soldier-king. Immediately Peter made peace with Frederick and ordered home the Russian armies. This reversal paralyzed the French and Austrians and allowed Frederick to rally his forces. Although Peter was soon ousted by his wife, Catherine, the allied armies never regained their advantage. In the end, Frederick held them off and kept Prussia intact.1 Frederick’s triumph in the Seven Years’ War was essential to Prussia’s eventual uniacation of Germany and all that followed from it. Conceiving of European history today without this victory is impossible. It is equally impossible to conceive of Prussian victory in 1763 without the death of Elizabeth and Peter’s adoration of Frederick. In the words of Christopher Duffy, “It is curious to reoect that if one lady had lived for a very few weeks longer, historians would by now have analyzed in most convincing detail the reasons for a collapse as ‘inevitable’ as that which overtook the Sweden of Charles XII. ”2 In short, had it not been for the idiosyncrasies of one man and one woman, European history would look very, very different. Let Us Now Praise Great Men Daniel L. Byman and Kenneth M. Pollack
The Lack of Interactivity and Hypertextuality in Online Media

The main focus of this article is related to the forms of mediated content that are offered in online space. Two specific aspects of new cyber-textuality are discussed - the notion of hyper-textuality and the potential of interactivity. Both characteristics are understood as new challenges that reflect specific communication potentials of the internet. In an empirical sense, the article tries to show the extent these significant forms of mediation are used in online media news. For this reason a comparison between media content in print and online media has been made. The findings reveal the lack of interactivity in practice and explore its diversity as a communication form between media producers and reader. Regarding the hypertextuality, the analysis shows the complexity of this concept, which in the realm of news media online is still maturing.
Detection, Clustering and Tracking of Life Cycle Events on Twitter Using Electric Fields Analogy

With the recent explosion of social networks, there is a growing need for systems capable to extract useful information from this amount of data. Social networks generate a large amount of text content over time because of continuous interaction between people. Given the amount and cadence of the data generated by those platforms, classical text mining techniques are not suitable. "Events" can be deduced from aggregations of tweets in the stream. In this paper, we talk about detection, clustering and tracking of events in tweets stream. We will present an online framework that considers a tweet post as an electric charge and anew event as an electric field. A new event on Twitter is created when several tweets deal with the same topic. This event will disappear over time when there are no more tweet debating it. A corpus of 400 million tweets has been created and analyzed using our algorithm. The results show the effectiveness of the technique, both in terms of time and memory performance.
A Computation Optimization Method in Computer Mediated Teleoperation

In modern master slave system, which have computer mediator between the two sides, the mediator computer faces high and non deterministic computational load arising from complex problem of computing instantaneous physical distances of moving robot from the modeled objects in the workspace. The problem is acute for mediators that work in pre-contact state where tool-tip is in close vicinity to object body. A novel vicinity model based method has been developed to minimize real time computation load. Fixed quantum, minimized floating point computation attains deterministic real time performance while mediating in force feedback modality.