Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A fast, ultra-low and frequency-scalable power consumption, 10-bit SAR ADC for particle physics detectors

The design and measurements results of a fast 10-bit SAR ADC with ultra-low and scalable with frequency power consumption, developed for readout systems for detectors at future particle physics colliders (ILC, CLIC, LHC Upgrade), are described. A prototype ASIC was designed and fabricated in 130 nm CMOS technology and a wide spectrum of static (INL≲0.5 LSB, DNL≲0.5 LSB) and dynamic (SINAD ∼58 dB, ENOB∼9.3) measurements was performed to study and quantify the ADC performance. The ADC works in wide 10 kS/s – 40 MS/s sampling frequency range, covering more than three orders of magnitude. In most of the range the power consumption scales linearly with sampling rate with a factor of about 22 μW/MS/s. A dynamic and asynchronous internal logic makes the ADC very well suited not only for commonly used synchronous sampling but also for applications with asynchronous sampling and/or the ones requiring power cycling, like the experiments at future linear collider (ILC/CLIC). The ADC layout is drawn with a small pitch of 146 μm to facilitate multi-channel integration. The obtained figure of Merit is in range 32-37 fJ/conversion for sampling frequencies 10-40 MS/s, placing the ADC among the best State of the Art designs with similar technology and specifications.
Existence Regions of Shock Wave Triple Configurations

The aim of the research is to create the classification for shock wave triple configurations and their existence regions of various types: type 1, type 2, type 3. Analytical solutions for limit Mach numbers and passing shock intensity that define existence region of every type of triple configuration have been acquired. The ratios that conjugate intensities of three shock in triple configuration and flow turn angle on them are presented. The transition (boundary) shock wave triple configurations have been reviewed. The acquired results can be used to design shock wave structures with set properties in detonation engines, air collectors, technological plants, when analyzing shock wave influence on objects during an explosion. Triple configurations of type 1 are used in internal compression air intakes that are based on interaction of oncoming shocks. Triple configurations of type 2 can be found in supersonic gas jets, at Mach reflection of shock and detonative waves from solid walls. Triple configurations of type 3 are used in supersonics multishock air intakes of external or mixed compression.
Analytical Thermal Model of Slot for Electric Propulsion Motor in Electric Aircraft

Accurate prediction of temperature is critical for evaluating electric propulsion motor performance. This article presents an analytical thermal model of slot for the prediction of temperature. According to the heat transfer in the slot, the shortcomings of the traditional winding model are pointed out. This article adopts a more advanced layered model. The number of layers is calculated analytically. Based on Laplace's equation and Poisson's equation, the thermal resistance and temperature rise of each layer are analytically calculated. The layered windings and insulation are equivalent to a heat-generating entity whose thermal resistance and temperature rise are equal to those of the layered slot. The equivalent thermal conductivity of heat-generating entity can be obtained. The slot is equivalent to a heat-generating entity through the analytical method, which reduces the computational complexity of the simulation. The experiments are employed to validate the accuracy of the proposed model.
Government policy on former foreign migrant workers who are at risk of infecting HIV/AIDS in East Lombok District, Indonesia

Purpose: This study aims to determine government policies for former migrant workers at risk of transmitting HIV/AIDS and find solutions to improve the effectiveness of these policies. The Province of West Nusa Tenggara is ranked fourth in Indonesia due to the increasing transmission of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV/AIDS among migrant workers from Lombok. The main factor causing the high number of Indonesian workers going abroad is the economic factor. This sending of workers has a negative impact on their return to the district, for example the spread of HIV/AIDS and STDs. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study used a qualitative-descriptive approach to understand the behavior, views and attitudes of migrant workers towards government policies and the risk of HIV/AIDS transmission. Determination of informants in this study using a purposive sampling technique. Finding: The results of this study explain the risk of HIV/AIDS transmission and the lack of information about transmitting HIV/AIDS among migrant workers. Conclusion: Migrant workers are marginalized and lack sufficient knowledge about HIV/AIDS transmission and its prevention. Their perception of risk is generally low, services and access to information about HIV/AIDS and its impacts are limited and there are cultural misunderstandings and the high cost of treatment for foreigners among illegal migrant workers. Research Limitations: The study’s focus is limited to the East Lombok District. Other provinces have not been addressed. Practical Implications: The results of this study can be used as a reference for local governments to make or reformulate health policies. Contribution to Literature: This case can be used as a reference for developing health policies especially for Indonesian migrants.
A fast continuous method for the extreme eigenvalue problem

Matrix eigenvalue problems play a significant role in many areas of computational science and engineering. In this paper, we propose a fast continuous method for the extreme eigenvalue problem. We first convert such a nonconvex optimization problem into a minimization problem with concave objective function and convex constraints based on the continuous methods developed by Golub and Liao. Then, we propose a continuous method for solving such a minimization problem. To accelerate the convergence of this method, a self-adaptive step length strategy is adopted. Under mild conditions, we prove the global convergence of this method. Some preliminary numerical results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method eventually.
From Caging to Grasping

This paper digs into the relationship between grasps and cages of a rigid body, in particular into the use of cages as waypoints to grasp an object. We introduce the concept of pregrasping cages, caging configurations from which the object can be reached while maintaining the cage on it. In the well understood case of two-fingered manipulators, the squeezing/stretching caging characterization implies that all cages are indeed pregrasping cages and, as a consequence, are useful waypoints to grasp an object. We show in this paper that the same does not hold for more than two fingers. There are caging configurations from which a grasp of the object cannot be reached without breaking the cage on it. We explore the natural generalization of the squeezing/stretching characterization to the case of n fingers in arbitrary dimension and exploit it to give sufficient conditions for a cage to be a pregrasping cage.
Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Method for the Time-Domain Maxwell's Equations

This dissertation, investigates a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methodology to solve Maxwell’s equations in the time-domain. More specifically, we focus on a Interior Penalty (IP) approach to derive a DG formulation. In general, discontinuous Galerkin methods decompose the computational domain into a number of disjoint polyhedral (elements). For each polyhedron, we define local basis functions and approximate the fields as a linear combination of these basis functions. To ensure equivalence to the original problem the tangentially continuity of the electric and magnetic fields need to be enforced between polyhedra interfaces. This condition is applied in the weak sense by proper penalty terms on the variational formulation also known as numerical fluxes. Due to this way of coupling between adjacent polyhedra DG methods offer great flexibility and a nice set of properties such as, explicit time-marching, support for non-conformal meshes, freedom in the choice of basis functions and high efficiency in parallelization. Here, we first introduce an Interior Penalty (IP) approach to derive a DG formulation and a physical interpretation of such an approach. This physical interpretation will provide a physical insight into the IP method and link important concepts like the duality pairing principle to a physical meaning. Furthermore, we discuss the
Association between circulating inflammatory biomarkers and functional outcome or perihaematomal oedema after ICH: a systematic review & meta-analysis

Background Currently, there are no specific medical treatments for intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), but the inflammatory response may provide a potential route to treatment. Given the known effects of acute brain injury on peripheral immunity, we hypothesised that inflammatory biomarkers in peripheral blood may be associated with clinical outcome following ICH, as well as perihaematomal oedema (PHO), which is an imaging marker of the neuroinflammatory response. Methods We searched OVID Medline and EMBASE on 07 April 2021 for studies of humans with ICH measuring an inflammatory biomarker in peripheral blood and PHO or clinical outcome. Risk of bias was assessed both by using a scale comprising features of the Newcastle-Ottawa Assessment Scale, STROBE-ME and REMARK guidelines, and for studies included in meta-analysis, also by the QUIPS tool.We used random effects meta-analysis to pool standardised mean differences (SMD) if ≥1 study quantified the association between identical biomarkers and measures of PHO or functional outcome. Results Of 8,615 publications, 16 examined associations between 21 inflammatory biomarkers and PHO (n=1,299 participants), and 93 studies examined associations between ≥1 biomarker and clinical outcome (n=17,702 participants). Overall, 20 studies of nine biomarkers (n=3,199) met criteria for meta-analysis of associations between inflammatory biomarkers and clinical outcome. Death or dependency (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 3‒6) 90 days after ICH was associated with higher levels of fibrinogen (SMD 0.32; 95%CI [0.04, 0.61]; p=0.025), and high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) (SMD 1.67; 95%CI [0.05, 3.30]; p=0.04). Higher WBC was associated with death or dependency at 90 days (pooled SMD 0.27; 95% CI [0.11, 0.44]; p=0.001; but the association was no longer significant when the analysis was restricted to studies with a low risk of bias (pooled SMD 0.22; 95% CI -0.04-0.48). Higher CRP seemed to be associated with death or dependency at 90 days (pooled SMD 0.80; 95% CI [0.44, 1.17]; p<0.0001) but this association was no longer significant when adjusted OR were pooled (OR 0.99 (95% CI 0.98-1.01)). Conclusions Higher circulating levels of, fibrinogen and HMGB1 are associated with poorer outcomes after ICH. This study highlights the clinical importance of the inflammatory response to ICH and identifies additional research needs in determining if these associations are mediated via PHO and are potential therapeutic targets. Registration PROSPERO ( CRD42019132628; 28/05/2019).
Web Service Recommendation via Integrating Heterogeneous Graph Attention Network Representation and FiBiNET Score Prediction

The rapid growth in the number and diversity of Web service, coupled with the myriad of similar Web service in functionality, makes it challenging to find most suitable Web service for users to accelerate and accomplish Mashup development. Therefore, this article proposes a Web service recommendation method via integrating heterogeneous graph attention network representation and FiBiNET (Feature Importance and Bilinear feature Interaction NETwork) score prediction. In this method, first, a heterogeneous information service network is constructed by using composite service information, atomic service information, and their respective attribute information. Second, the meta-paths are defined according to different semantic information and service similarity matrixes are built by using commuting matrix and meta-path-based similarity measurement technology. A two-layer attention model is designed to calculate the node level attention and meta-path-level attention of the services respectively, and generate the feature representation of Web service. Third, for the Web services in the service cluster, combining their feature representations with multi-dimensional QoS attributes, the FiBiNET is exploited to dynamically learn the importance of features and complex feature interactions, and predict the score of Web services. Finally, the experiments are performed on the real Web service dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed method is better than the other nine methods in terms of accuracy, recall, F1, and AUC, and achieves better classification and recommendation quality.
A Multi-variables Multi -sites Model for Forecasting Hydrological Data Series

A multivariate multisite hydrological data forecasting model was derived and checked using a case study. The philosophy is to use simultaneously the cross-variable correlations, cross-site correlations and the time lag correlations. The case study is of two variables, three sites, the variables are the monthly rainfall and evaporation; the sites are Sulaimania, Dokan, and Darbandikhan. The model form is similar to the first order auto regressive model, but in matrices form. A matrix for the different relative correlations mentioned above and another for their relative residuals were derived and used as the model parameters. A mathematical filter was used for both matrices to obtain the elements. The application of this model indicates it's capability of preserving the statistical characteristics of the observed series. The preservation was checked by using (t-test) and (F-test) for the monthly means and variances which gives 98.6% success for means and 81% success for variances. Moreover for the same data two well-known models were used for the sake of comparison with the developed model. The single-site singlevariable auto regressive first order and the multi-variable single-site models. The results of the three models were compared using (Akike test) which indicates that the developed model is more successful ,since it gave minimum (AIC) value for Sulaimania rainfall, Darbandikhan rainfall, and Darbandikhan evaporation, while Matalas model gave minimum (AIC) value for Sulaimania evaporation and Dokan rainfall, and Markov AR (1) model gave minimum (AIC) value for only Dokan evaporation). However, for these last cases the (AIC) given by the developed model is slightly greater than the minimum corresponding value.
Electron energy relaxation of electron swarms in RF fields

Efficient modeling of RF discharges requires approximate treatment of non-local transport of electrons both in time and space. Exact solution of space and time dependent Boltzmann equation is both very difficult and time consuming when taken in conjunction with self consistent calculation of the development of electric field and so are the Monte Carlo simulations. Therefore approximate methods have been developed based on fluid models which make modeling of one dimensional RF plasmas tractable and modeling of two dimensional plasmas becomes possible. The crucial problem in such numerical models is the non local electron transport and it is treated by different approximate schemes, one of the most successful being the Relaxation Continuum Theory (RCT). Critical part of the RCT scheme is application of relaxation times for various processes. The most important is the energy relaxation lifetime but it is of limited value when high energy electrons are important component of the energy distribution function. In addition behavior of different inelastic processes will depend not on the threshold energy and energy distribution time dependence above that threshold. In this paper we follow the relaxation of the mean energy and other properties of electron swarms in the high frequency RF field. Wemore » use both the specially developed Monte Carlo simulation technique-(MCS) and the direct numeric procedure for solving the Boltzmann equation. As the basis for calculations we use the cross section set for the Reid`s ramp model which has been used extensively in tests of numerical techniques and thus the accurate values of the transport coefficients are very well known. « less
Flow visualisation of downhill skiers using the lattice Boltzmann method

In downhill alpine skiing, skiers often exceed speeds of 120 km h−1, with air resistance substantially affecting the overall race times. To date, studies on air resistance in alpine skiing have used wind tunnels and actual skiers to examine the relationship between the gliding posture and magnitude of drag and for the design of skiing equipment. However, these studies have not revealed the flow velocity distribution and vortex structure around the skier. In the present study, computational fluid dynamics are employed with the lattice Boltzmann method to derive the relationship between total drag and the flow velocity around a downhill skier in the full-tuck position. Furthermore, the flow around the downhill skier is visualised, and its vortex structure is examined. The results show that the total drag force in the downhill skier model is 27.0 N at a flow velocity of 15 m s−1, increasing to 185.8 N at 40 m s−1. From analysis of the drag distribution and the flow profile, the head, upper arms, lower legs, and thighs (including buttocks) are identified as the major sources of drag on a downhill skier. Based on these results, the design of suits and equipment for reducing the drag from each location should be the focus of research and development in ski equipment. This paper describes a pilot study that introduces undergraduate students of physics or engineering into this research field. The results of this study are easy to understand for undergraduate students.
3D Printing of Titanium Implants at the University of Debrecen

Additive manufacturing technologies are becoming increasingly popular in the field of medicine. Advances in laser-based techniques, which can also be used to print metals, have made it possible to produce fully customized, biocompatible implants, which are a major breakthrough in the treatment of bone defects. The University of Debrecen is involved in the production of such implants. On the basis of the available literature and preliminary experience, the individualization of implants, the implantability and material requirements, and the novelties offered by the technology are summarized in this paper.
The Impact of Roadkill on Cervid Populations in Lithuania

Cervid roadkill, including moose, red deer and roe deer, can pose a risk to drivers and are frequently registered. However, the roadkill influence on overall cervid populations is not fully known, especially by roadkill that are not officially registered. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of cervid roadkill on population abundance, evaluating (i) the proportion of ungulate–vehicle collisions not registered by official bodies, (ii) the number of roadkill in relation to hunted animals and (iii) the proportion of roadkill that occurs in forest habitat. The number of unreported roadkill was calculated based on a roadkill index assessed during 3815 registration sessions on main and national roads in Lithuania from 2002–2022. During this period, 373 moose, 712 red deer and 9179 roe deer roadkill were unreported, correlating to 13.8%, 95.8% and 31.1% of those registered by the Traffic Supervision Service. In conclusion, 39.5%, 17.5% and 20.1% of roadkill were registered on roads through forests. Moose roadkill amounted to a figure corresponding to 10% of those hunted, with the same figure for red deer being 1.8%, neither adding much mortality. At 16.5%–16.6%, the figure for roe deer might be important.
A Millimeter-Wave Wideband Antenna Module With Switchable Fan-Beam Radiation for Wide Coverage of 5G IoT Applications

Millimeter wave (mm-wave) antenna modules with switchable beam radiation provide a potential solution for enabling flexible wireless links and high data rate in Internet of Things (IoT) networks. Aiming to simultaneously fulfill a wide coverage and follow the cost-effective principle of IoT devices, a novel mm-wave wideband antenna module with switchable fan-beam radiation is proposed based on an air-filled planar Cassegrain beam-former. A comprehensive design procedure combing the theoretical calculation and differential evolution (DE) algorithm is first introduced to construct the beam-former with wide-angle scanning capability. The desirable aperture-shared switchable fan-beam radiation with high crossover is then obtained with the aid of a proposed two-feed-per-beam (2FPB) scheme based on a low-loss integrated switch network. A prototype of the antenna in the Ka-band is fabricated by simultaneously adopting the metallic 3-D printing and printed circuit board (PCB) technology. Excellent operating characteristics, including a wide bandwidth of more than 32%, twenty stable fan-shaped radiation beams scanning over a wide angular range of ±45° in the H-plane, a high beam crossover of about −3 dB, a gain of up to 19.6 dBi, and a radiation efficiency of greater than 80% are demonstrated experimentally. With the ability to fulfill the radio coverage within a wide conical area, the presented antenna module would be an attractive candidate for the fifth generation (5G) IoT applications.
Control of malting barley Fusarium head blight by bioagents

The routine and prophylactic use of fungicides in cereals leads to increased aggressiveness of Fusarium infections. Cross-resistance to triazole compounds represents a significant health risk to both plants and humans. The application of some widely used fungicides causes increased production of DON. Residual concentrations of hydrophobic triazoles change chemical profile of malt and cause delayed fermentation with an impact on alcohol content. Increasing legislative restrictions of pesticide applications encourage the search for alternatives, starting with the overview of current state of knowledge on biological protection against Fusarium spp. Despite the fact that bioagents have been researched intensively, including field applications and several registrations, biological preparations for disease control against Fusarium head blight (FHB) of malting barley are not used on a mass scale. Generally, bioagents appear to be quite sensitive to environmental changes and soil variability, which causes problems with the evaluation of their effectiveness under field conditions. For efficient disease control of malting barley, the application based on biopreparations registered against FHB combined with weather prediction system can be recommended. With an emphasis on the occurrence of Fusarium graminearum as a key producer of deoxynivalenol (DON), the prediction system for malting barley should be employed from plant emerging to milk stage. When predicting a high incidence of the pathogen, chemical intervention must be considered. However, repeated application of bioagents in field conditions together with the implementation of bioagents directly into the malting process proved to be a promising way to decrease chemical interventions from the cultivation of malting barley.