Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
S is Harry S Truman's Middle Name, Not an Initial

To the Editor: Over a period of 4 months, the severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS) infected 1,755 persons, resulting in 298 deaths in Hong Kong. Nursing homes are particularly vulnerable to cross-infection as a result of the crowded living environment, inadequate ventilation, substandard hygiene, and lack of qualified nursing staff. Recognition of clinical features at an earlier stage of the infection and stringent isolation procedures could prevent outbreaks in institutions, but the presentation of SARS may be less florid in older people. Nursing home residents, because of their frailty and comorbidities, are frequent users of hospital services, including emergency rooms (ERs) and acute wards, thus increasing their risk of exposure to infectious agents in hospitals. Demented or extremely frail patients may pose particular risk to other persons, because they may not be able to communicate and are only recognized after those who have come into contact with them fall ill. Also, cognitively impaired older patients may have difficulty keeping their facemasks on and sometimes exhibit high-risk behavior such as spitting. We report a cluster of seven cases (Table 1) illustrating the spread of SARS from a hospital to the community and, in particular, a nursing home. All the cases were diagnosed clinically and had positive viral isolates or serological tests to coronavirus. The nursing home involved was typical of many privately run institutions of its type. Located in an old
Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents, 1999-2000.

CONTEXT The prevalence of overweight among children in the United States increased between 1976-1980 and 1988-1994, but estimates for the current decade are unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of overweight in US children using the most recent national data with measured weights and heights and to examine trends in overweight prevalence. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Survey of 4722 children from birth through 19 years of age with weight and height measurements obtained in 1999-2000 as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a cross-sectional, stratified, multistage probability sample of the US population. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Prevalence of overweight among US children by sex, age group, and race/ethnicity. Overweight among those aged 2 through 19 years was defined as at or above the 95th percentile of the sex-specific body mass index (BMI) for age growth charts. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight was 15.5% among 12- through 19-year-olds, 15.3% among 6- through 11-year-olds, and 10.4% among 2- through 5-year-olds, compared with 10.5%, 11.3%, and 7.2%, respectively, in 1988-1994 (NHANES III). The prevalence of overweight among non-Hispanic black and Mexican-American adolescents increased more than 10 percentage points between 1988-1994 and 1999-2000. CONCLUSION The prevalence of overweight among children in the United States is continuing to increase, especially among Mexican-American and non-Hispanic black adolescents.
Does avoidant personality disorder impact on the outcome of treatment for bulimia nervosa?

OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of avoidant personality disorder (AVPD) on bulimia nervosa (BN) treatment outcome over 3 years. METHOD Women with BN were participating in a randomized treatment trial. The sample was split into: AVPD (n = 37), other PD (n = 37), and no PD (n = 60). Eating disorder symptomatology, depressive symptoms and psychosocial functioning were examined at pretreatment and follow-up. Multiple regression was conducted to control for high axis I comorbidity. RESULTS There were no significant differences across the groups at pretreatment or follow-up on eating disorder symptoms. AVPD had worse depressive symptoms and psychosocial functioning at pretreatment which continued 3 years post-treatment. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the presence of any lifetime mood disorder contributed to these significant results. DISCUSSION These findings suggest AVPD is not a significant predictor of BN outcome. However, AVPD is associated with poorer psychiatric symptoms although much of this variance appears to be attributable to the lifetime presence of any mood disorder.
A GEOGRAPHIC-INFORMATION-SYSTEMS-BASED APPROACH TO ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERISTICS PREDICTING STUDENT PERSISTENCE AND GRADUATION

This study sought to provide empirical evidence regarding the use of spatial analysis in enrollment management to predict persistence and graduation. The research utilized data from the 2000 U.S. Census and applicant records from The University of Arizona to study the spatial distributions of enrollments. Based on the initial results, stepwise logistic regression was used to identify spatially associated student and neighborhood characteristics predicting persistence and graduation.The findings of this research indicate spatial analysis can be used as a valuable resource for enrollment management. Using a theoretical framework of the forms of capital and social reproduction, cultural and social capital characteristics were found to influence persistence at statistically significant levels. Most notably, the social capital proxy of neighborhood education levels, and the cultural capital proxies of the number of standardized tests a student has taken, and when the application for admission is submitted all significantly influenced a student's probability to persistence and graduate. When disaggregating by race and ethnicity, resident Hispanic students from highly Hispanic neighborhoods were found to persist at higher levels in the first year of college attendance. Also, resident Native Americans were found to have a higher probability to persist when evidencing cultural capital characteristics. Since spatially based student and neighborhood characteristics can be quantified and mapped, target populations can be identified and subsequently recruited, resulting in retention-focused admissions.
Urban water demand management: prospects and challenges for the developing countries

As the traditional supply‐driven urban water management is not sustainable, water utilities should embrace water demand management (WDM) measures to meet increasing water demand. Developed countries are using different technological and management measures to reduce urban water demand as a part of their integrated urban water management strategy. However, all these measures might not be directly applicable for the developing countries. Furthermore, the developing countries might not have access to the technologies and skilled manpower as well as institutional set‐up to apply these measures properly. In this context, this paper reviews the different tools, techniques and measures of urban water demand management (UWDM) applied in the developed countries and critically analyses the prerequisites, prospects and constraints likely to be faced in developing countries in adopting these techniques and measures. Furthermore, it outlines a set of activities that will best help the developing countries in attaining the full benefit of UWDM.
Heterologous expression of the cuticular glutathione peroxidase of lymphatic filariae in an attenuated vaccine strain of Salmonella typhimurium abrogates H‐2 restriction of specific antibody responses

The major soluble cuticular glycoprotein of lymphatic filariae, gp29, has been expressed in the Salmonella typhimurium aroA aroD live vaccine strain BRD509. Two distinct constructs were generated: a) pgp29, in which gp29 was expressed directly via the inducible promoter nirB, or b) pTetC‐gp29, in which it was expressed as a C‐terminal fusion to the non‐toxic immunogenic fragment C of tetanus toxin, again under the control of nirB. In both cases, plasmid stability in vivo was demonstrated by recovery of recombinant bacteria from livers and spleens of mice immunized via the intravenous route. Negligible gp29‐specific antibodies were detected in animals immunized with bacteria expressing the fragment C fusion protein, but bacteria expressing the non‐fused protein resulted in gp29‐specific antibody production in a proportion of animals immunized. Notably, a number of BALB/c and B10.D2/n (i.e. mice of the H‐2d haplotype) responded, in contrast to previously documented non‐responsiveness during infection, or immunization with parasite extracts. Presentation of gp29 by live attenuated S. typhimurium resulted in a broad spectrum of antigen‐specific IgG isotypes.
A spam filtering model based on immune mechanism

With the development of network, some mail business growing has become a pressing problem in the internet. The problem for the traditional method of spam filtering can not effectively identify the unknown and variation characteristics, artificial immune system exists diversity, immune memory, adaptive and self learning ability, adopt the idea of to mail filtering, and design an improved spam filtering model based on immune mechanism. The model describes the concepts of self, nonself, antibody, vaccine and antigen, and introduced the process of evolution of detector and antigen presentation, make the antibody in all kinds of detectors use vaccines as a medium to communicate with each other, share antibody, increases flexibility of detectors, and effectively extract information and variability of spam. Using CCERT mail dataset of the model was trained and tested, the model and other models by the comparative test results show that the proposed model has better performance, and effectively improve the spam precision, recall characteristics.
Selective Distribution of Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes in Neurons and Astrocytes of Human Brain

In vertebrates, the interconversion of lactate and pyruvate is catalyzed by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. Two distinct subunits combine to form the five tetrameric isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase. The LDH-5 subunit (muscle type) has higher maximal velocity (Vmax) and is present in glycolytic tissues, favoring the formation of lactate from pyruvate. The LDH-1 subunit (heart type) is inhibited by pyruvate and therefore preferentially drives the reaction toward the production of pyruvate. There is mounting evidence indicating that during activation the brain resorts to the transient glycolytic processing of glucose. Indeed, transient lactate formation during physiological stimulation has been shown by 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. However, since whole-brain arteriovenous studies under basal conditions indicate a virtually complete oxidation of glucose, the vast proportion of the lactate transiently formed during activation is likely to be oxidized. These in vivo data suggest that lactate may be formed in certain cells and oxidized in others. We therefore set out to determine whether the two isoforms of lactate dehydrogenase are localized to selective cell types in the human brain. We report here the production and characterization of two rat antisera, specific for the LDH-5 and LDH-1 subunits of lactate dehydrogenase, respectively. Immunohistochemical, immunodot, and western-blot analyses show that these antisera specifically recognize their homologous antigens. Immunohistochemistry on 10 control cases demonstrated a differential cellular distribution between both subunits in the hippocampus and occipital cortex: neurons are exclusively stained with the anti-LDH1 subunit while astrocytes are stained by both antibodies. These observations support the notion of a regulated lactate flux between astrocytes and neurons.
How does organizational structure influence performance through learning and innovation in Austria and China

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between organizational structure and performance, especially through organizational learning and innovation, based on evidence from Austria and China.Design/methodology/approach – Based on the literature and hypothesis, a theoretical, conceptual and structural equation model is set up through a questionnaire survey and sample of about 90 Austrian and 71 Chinese samples. Partial least squares were used in the analysis and the results are tested by bootstrap methods.Findings – The findings reinforce the important infrastructure position of organizational structure on performance. First, organizational structure has more effects on organizational learning than on innovation, organizational learning has an indirect effect on performance through innovation, except the direct effect of structure on performance. Second, managers in Austria think structure has a more important effect on performance; both managerial and technical innovation inf.
Proliferation and cell fate establishment during Arabidopsis male gametogenesis depends on the Retinoblastoma protein

The Retinoblastoma (Rb) protein is a conserved repressor of cell proliferation. In animals and plants, deregulation of Rb protein causes hyperproliferation and perturbs cell differentiation to various degrees. However, the primary developmental impact of the loss of Rb protein has remained unclear. In this study we investigated the direct consequences of Rb protein knockout in the Arabidopsis male germline using cytological and molecular markers. The Arabidopsis germ line derives from the unequal division of the microspore, producing a small germ cell and a large terminally differentiated vegetative cell. A single division of the germ cell produces the 2 sperm cells. We observed that the loss of Rb protein does not have a major impact on microspore division but causes limited hyperproliferation of the vegetative cell and, to a lesser degree, of the sperm cells. In addition, cell fate is perturbed in a fraction of Rb-defective vegetative cells. These defects are rescued by preventing cell proliferation arising from down-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase A1. Our results indicate that hyperproliferation caused by the loss of Rb protein prevents or delays cell determination during plant male gametogenesis, providing further evidence for a direct link between fate determination and cell proliferation.
A proportional mortality study of a group of newspaper workers

Greenberg, M. (1972). Brit. J. industr. Med.,29, 15-20. A proportional mortality study of a group of newspaper workers. In investigating an anecdotal report of a high incidence of bladder cancer at a London newspaper printing factory, death certificates for 670 workers relating to the years 1954-66 were studied. While an increased incidence of carcinoma of the urinary organs could not be demonstrated, the total of all malignancies was greater than predicted and carcinoma of the bronchus accounted for much of the excess. Only death by suicide occurred to excess among causes of death other than malignancy. The smoking habits of subjects are not known but if tobacco habit contributed to bronchial carcinoma it had no observable effect on the incidence of chronic bronchitis and ischaemic heart disease in early middle age. It is concluded that a prospective study would be required if occupation is to be implicated as a hazard.
Deep learning for virtual metrology: Modeling with optical emission spectroscopy data

Virtual Metrology is one of the most prominent Advanced Process Control applications in Semiconductor Manufacturing. The goal of Virtual Metrology is to provide estimations of quantities that are important for production and to assess process quality, but are costly or impossible to be measured. Virtual Metrology solutions are based on Machine Learning approaches. The bottleneck of developing Virtual Metrology solutions is generally the feature extraction phase that can be time-consuming, and can deeply affect the estimation performance. In particular, in presence of data with additional dimensions, such as time, feature extraction is typically performed by means of heuristic approaches that may pick features with poor predictive capabilities. In this work, we propose the usage of modern Deep Learning approaches to bypass manual feature extraction and to provide high-performance automatic Virtual Metrology modules. The proposed methodology is tested on a real industrial dataset related to Etching. The dataset at hand contains Optical Emission Spectroscopy data and it is paradigmatic of the feature extraction problem under examination.
Environmentally sensitive disclosures and financial performance in a European setting

Purpose – Is the natural environment a stakeholder of the firm? And is there a business case for achieving sustainability? The purpose of this paper is to trace a tripartite relationship, involving environmental disclosure, environmental performance, and financial performance of environmentally sensitive activities of companies in a European setting.Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 60 of the largest European Union industrial business groups, extracted from the FTSEuroFirst 300, and an environmental disclosure index inspired by the Global Reporting Initiative Guidelines, form the basis for the content analysis of the most recent sustainability reports published before the end of 2008.Findings – A significant association is found between contemporaneous environmental performance and disclosure, in that bigger polluters tend to disclose more on their activities, but only to a moderate statistical effect. However, no association is found between environmental performance and financial performance, as.
Machine learning based paraphrase identification system using lexical syntactic features

During the natural language communication, meaning understanding is the complex task that humans learn from their childhood but to automate this process of meaning understanding for computers has great real world applications. Simple text processing tasks are not enough to uncover the meaning from given unstructured natural language text. Our current research focuses on the issues pertaining to the same. Paraphrase identification is such important task of identifying the meaning similarity between two text segments in natural language understanding system. Proposed a machine learning system uses lexical features and dependency based features for sentence level paraphrase identification. The performance of proposed system is evaluated by conducting experiment on standard Microsoft paraphrase corpus. Moreover, a comparative study of current system with other machine learning based systems on Microsoft paraphrase corpus for paraphrase identification is carried out. The proposed system achieves competitive results compare to other state-of-the art machine learning systems by using simple linguistic features. The system using SVM classifier achieves 81.41% f-score by using simple lexical features only. Voting based classifier scores 80.97% with lexical features. Results with dependency features are highly sensitive to minor syntactic change.
Sharecropping contracts in rural India: A note

Abstract In this article we examine the terms of sharecropping contracts using data from rural India. We examine the effect of - (1) the sharing of input costs between landlord and tenant; (2) the tenant's capacity to borrow; and (3) the existence of outside employment opportunities for the tenant — on the share parameter. We regress the share paid by the household on a set of cultivating household and village level characteristics and find that cost sharing and the existence of outside employment opportunities significantly affect the share parameter.
Neurologic and Ophthalmologic Findings in Children Exposed to Cocaine in Utero

We studied a cohort of 73 children exposed to cocaine in utero to characterize the spectrum of neurologic and ophthalmologic abnormalities; 36 children with no documented in utero drug exposure were selected as a control group. Most referrals of cocaine-exposed children to the child neurologist were made in the 1st year of life (81%). Reasons for referral were hypertonia (29%), seizures (22%), developmental delay (11%), tremulousness (11%), and hypotonia (4%). The most common abnormal finding in the cocaine-exposed children was hypertonia/hyperreflexia (63%), which was rarely seen in the control group. In addition, hypertonia/hyperreflexia was underdiagnosed by referring physicians. Similarly, hypotonia was seen on neurologic examination of cocaine-exposed children more frequently than documented by referral (16% versus 4%). Hypotonia was rarely seen in the control group. Twelve (43%) of 28 cocaine-exposed children seen by a pediatric ophthalmologist had structural ophthalmologic abnormalities. Neurologic and ophthalmologic findings suggesting structural lesions of the nervous system must be considered in cocaine-exposed children. (J Child Neurol 1996;11:25-30).
Living experiences of middle-aged adults with early knee osteoarthritis in prediagnostic phase

Purpose: The aim of this study was to understand the living experiences of middle-aged Taiwanese adults with early knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: A qualitative research design was used in this study. Participants (n = 17) were recruited by purposive sampling from orthopedic clinics at two medical centers in northern Taiwan. Data were collected through in-depth interviews from July to December 2010. The data were transcribed verbatim and summarized by content analysis. Results: The results indicated that the lived experiences could be grouped into 4 main themes: awareness; surmise of causes; acquisition of strategies; and the search for confirmative diagnosis. Conclusions: This study found that patients’ knowledge is insufficient for recognition of the presence of early OA. There is a need for clinicians to integrate knowledge of OA into the health education system and to develop interventions for early knee osteoarthritic patients. Patients’ disease cognition must be promoted so that their ability to process early symptoms of this disease will improve. Implications for Rehabilitation Awareness, surmise of causes, and acquisition of strategies are repetitive circles. Patients pursue the true cause for their knee joint disease and seek confirmative diagnosis when the symptoms do not improve or when they became worse. The information patients have is insufficient to know the presence of degenerative osteoarthritis disease. There is a need for clinical practitioners to integrate knowledge of osteoarthritis into the health education system to increase awareness and to develop appropriate interventions for patients with early knee OA.
Enhanced Cellular Immune Response Elicited by a DNA Vaccine Fused with Ub Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

This study evaluated the immune response elicited by a Ub‐fused Ag85A DNA vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. BALB/c mice were vaccinated with plasmid DNA encoding Ag85A protein, Ub‐fused Ag85A DNA vaccine (UbGR‐Ag85A) and negative DNA vaccines, respectively. Ag85A DNA vaccine immunization induced a Thl‐polarized immune response. The production of Thl‐type cytokine (IFN‐γ) and proliferative T cell responses was enhanced significantly in mice immunized with UbGR‐Ag85A fusion DNA vaccine, compared with non‐fusion DNA vaccine. Moreover, this fusion DNA vaccine also resulted in an increased relative ratio of IgG2a to IgGl and the cytotoxicity of T cells. IFN‐γ intracellular staining of splenocytes indicated that UbGR‐Ag85A fusion DNA vaccine activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, particularly CD8+ T cells. Thus, this study demonstrated that the UbGR‐Ag85A fusion DNA vaccine inoculation could improve antigen‐specific cellular immune responses, which is helpful for protection against TB infection.