Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust Filtering for 2-D Systems With Uncertain-Variance Noises and Weighted Try-Once-Discard Protocols

The robust filtering problem is tackled for a class of shift-varying two-dimensional systems with uncertain-variance noises under the scheduling of the weighted try-once-discard (WTOD) protocol. The measurements collected from the sensors are transmitted to a remote filter via a shared network. To alleviate the communication burden and obviate the network congestion, the WTOD protocol is adopted to orchestrate the data transmission, where a sensor node is solely permitted to broadcast its information to the remote filter at every transmission step. Moreover, the resilient filter is exploited to regulate the possible gain perturbation. The objective of the addressed problem is to design a robust filter in a recursive structure such that, in the simultaneous presence of the uncertain-variance noises and the WTOD protocol, the minimal upper bounds (UBs) on the filtering error variances (EVs) are developed for the considered system. First, by means of induction and stochastic analysis technique, certain UBs in terms of coupled recursive difference equations are derived for the actual EVs. Then, a proper filter is carefully designed which achieves the minimization of the obtained UBs at each step. Finally, an illustrative example is presented to verify the usefulness of the proposed protocol-based filtering method.
The Effect of Collectivism on Mental Health during COVID-19: A Moderated Mediation Model

Background: COVID-19 is an unprecedented public health emergency of international concern and has caused people to live in constant fear and posed a significant threat to their physical and mental health. Method: The study constructed a moderated mediation model to examine the mediating role of emotion regulation between collectivism and mental health and the moderating role of ego identity in the context of COVID-19. A total of 459 participants were recruited to complete the survey from 30 January to 8 May 2021.The Mental Health in COVID-19 Period Scale, Collectivism Tendency Scale, ERQ, and Identity Status Scale were used for the study. Results: (1) Expressive suppression played a mediating role in the relationship between collectivism and mental health; (2) The direct effect of collectivism on mental health and the path from expressive suppression to mental health were moderated by ego identity. Conclusion: The effect of collectivism on mental health is indirectly generated through expressive suppression and ego identity showing different patterns of regulation of mental health in different pathways, and its mechanisms and other important influences could be further explored in the future.
Analysis of turning chip morphology with various tool geometries using finite element modeling and simulation to optimize product sustainability

This paper focuses on finite element (FE) modeling using a Lagrangian approach with the ABAQUS/Explicit code to simulate the morphology of CSN 12050 carbon steel chips obtained using different tool rake and flank angles. The cutting operation was performed with a 3D model setup based on the cutting tool to determine the impact of the tool rake and flank angles on the total energy (ETOTAL), the von Mises stresses, and the cutting force. In these simulations, using adaptive meshing for the tool, 0°, 5° and 10° rake angles, 0° and 6° flank angles, and 0.2-mm and 0.5-mm cut depths were considered as process parameters and the continuous chip morphology was predicted. The tool with 10° rake and 6° flank angles projected moderate machined surface integrity. The FE analysis tool predicted increased von Mises stresses and reduced cutting forces with the 10° rake and 6° flank angles. The maximum ETOTAL and cutting force were obtained for both cut depths when using a tool with 0° and 5° angles. Additionally, experimental results for the mechanical morphology properties of untreated, annealed and recrystallized CSN 12050 carbon steel chips showed that the predicted and experimental chip morphologies agreed well.
Tomographic effects of near-field microwave microscopy in the investigation of muscle cells interacting with multi-walled carbon nanotubes

In this work, we introduce a hybrid atomic-force/near-field scanning microwave microscope, exploiting the tomographic capabilities of the microwave microscopy to explore structures of relevant interest, namely, samples involving both biological and non-biological materials at the same time. In particular, we show imaging of C2C12 muscle cells grown in the presence of bundles of multi-walled carbon nanotubes: here, the microwave microscopy, by virtue of its tomographic potentiality, highlights how cells incorporate some nanotubes in their fibers.
A Mickens‐type discretization of a diffusive model with nonpolynomial advection/convection and reaction terms

In this manuscript, we follow a nonlinear approach in the problem of numerically estimating solutions of a generic, diffusive partial differential equation with nonpolynomial advection/convection, and reaction laws. The nonlocal, finite‐difference methodology presented in this manuscript has the advantage of conditionally preserving the properties of non‐negativity, boundedness, and temporal and spatial monotonicity of approximations, which are characteristics that are inherent to some kink‐like solutions of particular forms of the mathematical model under investigation. We establish theorems on the stability of the technique, on the existence and uniqueness of non‐negative and bounded solutions of our computational model, and on the property of preservation of monotonicity. As corollaries, we show that the method is capable of preserving the spatial and temporal monotonicity of numerical approximations. We provide some illustrative, numerical simulations that support our analytical results. Our simulations show that the method provides good approximations to the exact solutions of the particular problems considered and that the properties of non‐negativity, boundedness, and monotonicity (both temporal and spatial) are conditionally preserved at each iteration. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 31: 652–669, 2015
Laser removal of particles from magnetic head sliders

A quantitative investigation of laser‐induced removal of particles from magnetic head slider surfaces has been carried out. The damage thresholds of magnetic head sliders for laser fluence and pulse number were found to be about 150 mJ/cm2 and 5000 pulses at 100 mJ/cm2, respectively. For laser fluence or pulse number above the damage threshold, laser irradiation onto magnetic head slider surfaces can cause microcracks around the pole tips. It is found that laser cleaning efficiency increases with increasing laser fluence and pulse number, but does not depend on repetition rate up to 30 Hz. Laser cleaning efficiency of removing particles from magnetic head slider surfaces can reach about 90% for Al particles and 100% for Sn particles, respectively, under appropriate conditions without causing damage. The mechanisms of laser cleaning of particles from magnetic head slider are laser‐induced surface vibration, particle vibration, particle thermal expansion, and ablation with high laser fluence, which produce forces strong enough to detach particles from slider surfaces. Based on the above cleaning mechanisms, the dependence of laser cleaning efficiency on laser parameters can be explained.
A Mathematical Foundation for Statistical Neurodynamics

The brain is a large-scale system composed of an enormous number of neurons. In order to understand its functioning, we need to know the macroscopic behavior of a nerve net as a whole. Statistical neurodynamics treats an ensemble of nets of randomly connected neurons and derives macroscopic equations from the microscopic state transition laws of the nets. There arises, however, a theoretical difficulty in deriving the macroscopic state equations, because of possible correlations among the microscopic states. The situation is similar to that encountered in deriving the Boltzmann equation in statistical mechanics of gases.We first elucidate the stochastic structures of random nerve nets. We then derive macroscopic state equations which apply to a wide range of ensembles of random nets. These equations are shown to hold in a weak sense: we prove that the probability that these equations are valid within an arbitrarily small error and for an arbitrarily long time converges to 1 as the number n of the componen.
Reduction of covers and Hurwitz spaces

In this paper we study the reduction of Galois covers of curves, from characteristic 0 to characteristic p. The starting point is a is a recent result of Raynaud which gives a criterion for good reduction for covers of the projective line branch at 3 points. Under some condition on the Galois group, we extend this criterion to the case of 4 branch points. Moreover, we describe the reduction of the Hurwitz space of such covers and compute the number of covers with good reduction.
A Distributional Framework for Moving-Horizon Estimation: Stability and Privacy Guarantees

This work employs a distributional, unifying framework for the analysis and design of moving-horizon estimation filters with stability and differential-privacy properties. We begin with an investigation of the classical notion of strong local observability of nonlinear systems and its relationship to optimization-based state estimation. We then present a general moving-horizon estimation framework for strongly locally observable systems, as an iterative minimization scheme in the space of probability measures. This framework allows for the minimization of the estimation cost with respect to different metrics. In particular, we consider two variants, which we name $W_2$-MHE and KL-MHE, where the minimization scheme uses the 2-Wasserstein distance and the KL-divergence, respectively. The $W_2$-MHE yields a gradient-based estimator whereas the KL-MHE yields a particle filter, for which we investigate asymptotic stability and robustness properties. Stability results for these moving-horizon estimators are derived in the distributional setting, against the backdrop of the classical notion of strong local observability which, to the best of our knowledge, differentiates it from other previous works. We then propose a mechanism to encode differential privacy of the data generated by the estimator, based on an entropic regularization of the MHE objective functional. In particular, we find sufficient bounds on the regularization parameter to achieve the desired level of differential privacy. Numerical simulations demonstrate the performance of these estimators.
Modeling of ultrashort pulse propagation and nonlinear plasma formation in transparent Kerr media using realistic initial conditions

Ultrashort laser pulses tightly focused provide intensity sufficient to initialize nonlinear ionization processes. Thus a plasma is generated in the focal region eventually resulting in optical breakdown. The deterministic character of this nonlinear interaction enables the generation of precise and highly reproducible material alteration. To gain better spatial precision applications have recently evolved strongly towards tight focusing of ultrashort pulses using microscope objectives as focusing units. The pulse energy required to generate optical breakdown was thus reduced to nanojoules or even below. The mechanical effects subsequent to plasma generation can be minimized to the very focus. Cell surgery with ultrashort pulses enables to precisely ablate cell organelles without observable hazardous effects to the surroundings or the entire cell. To numerically investigate the nonlinear interaction of ultrashort pulses with transparent media, a model including both nonlinear pulse propagation and plasma generation is introduced. The numerical code is based on a (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation describing the pulse propagation and the interaction with the density of free electrons that are generated in the focus. The nonlinear wave equation was derived taking into account both nonparaxial and vectorial effects to accurately include tight focusing at high numerical aperture. A multi rate equation model for dielectrics recently published by B. Rethfeld is used to simultaneously calculate the generation of free electrons. Numerical calculations based on this model are used to understand the dependence between size, geometry and density of optical breakdown plasmas in various focusing geometries of high numerical aperture. The code enables to use arbitrary initial conditions for the laser field in the focus. At high numerical aperture it is most important to start the simulation using realistic initial conditions. Especially the vectorial character of the electric field is most important to be considered. Thus a vectorial diffraction integral was used to calculate initial conditions at high numerical aperture. The code is applicable to any transparent Kerr medium, whose linear and nonlinear optical parameters are known. Within this work the code was applied to water as a model substance to biological soft tissue and cellular constituents.
Quasi-Synchronous Operation Principle of a Variable Air-Gap Doubly Fed Linear Motor for High-Speed Maglev Application

Compared to a long-stator linear synchronous motor (LLSM), a long-stator doubly fed linear motor (DFLM) exhibits two distinct advantages for high-speed maglev application: 1) it has two additional degrees of freedom with both the frequency and the phase angle of the mover to improve its control accuracy and dynamic responses and 2) it can use the slip power to feed the mover contactlessly and directly. In order to achieve the propulsion, the levitation, and the contactless power transfer through the common air-gap magnetic field, the “quasi-synchronous operation (QSO)” principle of the DFLM is proposed for high-speed maglev train. Based on the DFLM modeling and distinctive constraint analysis for high-speed maglev application, the performance evaluation of the DFLM is further investigated. To validate the feasibility of the DFLM application for high-speed maglev train, a unit DFLM prototype is designed and tested, and the corresponding simulation studies of the QSO control structure are provided with the comparison to the LLSM system.
Vinogradov’s three primes theorem with almost twin primes

In this paper we prove two results concerning Vinogradov’s three primes theorem with primes that can be called almost twin primes. First, for any $m$ , every sufficiently large odd integer $N$ can be written as a sum of three primes $p_{1},p_{2}$ and $p_{3}$ such that, for each $i\in \{1,2,3\}$ , the interval $[p_{i},p_{i}+H]$ contains at least $m$ primes, for some $H=H(m)$ . Second, every sufficiently large integer $N\equiv 3~(\text{mod}~6)$ can be written as a sum of three primes $p_{1},p_{2}$ and $p_{3}$ such that, for each $i\in \{1,2,3\}$ , $p_{i}+2$ has at most two prime factors.
Determinants of continued use of tourism and hospitality e-commerce platforms and the role of information transparency

ABSTRACT Information transparency is a major influence on customers’ transaction-related decision-making process in an e-commercial environment. However, existing literature still lacks insight into this phenomenon in tourism management research. This study aims to integrate social cognitive theory into a value-based adoption model to investigate relationships between information transparency, perceived value, and continued use of tourism and hospitality e-commerce platforms. The proposed model was tested using structural equation modelling to analyze data collected from 253 respondents. The analysis revealed that product and transaction information transparency had significant positive associations with the convenience and financial benefit of using a travel-related tourism e-commerce platform as perceived by customers. However, it had significant negative associations with the perceived privacy risk and performance uncertainty. On the other hand, perceived value had a significant positive association with continued use. Additionally, service guarantee moderated the negative effects of perceived privacy risk and perceived performance uncertainty on perceived value. Meaningful findings and implications of the empirical data are also discussed.
A Novel Hybrid Deep Neural Network Prediction Model for Shield Tunneling Machine Thrust

Shield thrust is a critical operational parameter during shield driving, which is of vital significance for adjusting operational parameters and ensuring efficient and safe propulsion of shield tunneling machine. In this paper, a novel hybrid prediction model (CLM) combining attention mechanism, convolutional neural networks (CNN) and Bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network is proposed for shield thrust prediction. Correlation analysis based on Maximal Information Coefficient (MIC) between the thrust and other parameters is first conducted to select optimal parameters and reduce input dimension. An attention mechanism is introduced into CNN to distinguish the importance of different features, with the convolution layer and pooling layer further extracting dimension features of the data. Then, a BiLSTM neural network integrating first attention layer is employed to extract time-varying characteristics of the data, with a second attention layer added to capture important time information. Field data during shield cutting bridge piles are investigated to support and validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. Results show that the proposed CLM model are general enough to avoid overfitting problems and have good performance at prediction. The predicted value match reasonably well the monitoring data, with coefficient of determination ( $\text{R}^{2}$ ) equaling to 0.85, root mean square error (RMSE) equaling to 0.05, mean absolute error (MAE) equaling to 0.02. The CLM model in this paper can accurately predict the thrust even under complicated construction conditions, which provides reference for similar industrial application.
On the “bowl‐shaped” deformation of planetary equatorial current sheets

Arridge et al. (2008) reported evidence for the formation of a “bowl‐shaped” equatorial current disk in Saturn's magnetosphere during epochs with large planetary dipole tilt angle from perpendicularity with the Sun‐planet axis. Using a large multiyear set of Geotail, Polar, and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions spacecraft data and a simple model of the magnetic field reversal surface, we found that a similar kind of the tilt‐related magnetic field deformation is present in the Earth's magnetosphere. Based on the properties of a tilted vacuum magnetic field configuration, we conclude that the bowl‐shaped distortion is a universal feature of magnetospheres with a tilted planetary dipole, resulting from the joint effect of the north‐south asymmetry due to the tilt and of the day‐night asymmetry imposed by the solar wind flow.
Research on Online Shopping Addiction Based on Flow Theory

From the perspective of consumer experience, this study constructs the influence model of flow experience on online shopping addiction, analyzes and discusses the influencing factors and mechanism of irrational purchasing of domestic consumers in the context of online shopping. Through the empirical test of the model, it is confirmed that in the process of online shopping, creating or improving the sense of immersive presence, enhancing consumers' focus and time distortion can positively affect impulsive buying. The exploratory behavior of consumers promotes their learning and rational thinking, but inhibits their impulse to buy. Impulsive buying fully mediates the relationship between presence, concentration and time distortion, while behavioral repetition moderates the relationship between impulse buying and online shopping addiction. This study confirmed the importance of extreme shopping experience on irrational purchase decision, clarified the mechanism of the influence of each dimension of flow experience on irrational purchase decision, and provided a new idea for the study of consumers' irrational purchase.
Quantum Lakshmibai-Seshadri paths and the specialization of Macdonald polynomials at $t=0$ in type $A_{2n}^{(2)}$

In this paper, we give a combinatorial realization of the crystal basis of a quantum Weyl module over a quantum affine algebra of type $A_{2n}^{(2)}$, and a representation-theoretic interpretation of the specialization $P_{\lambda}^{A_{2n}^{(2)}} (q,0)$ of the symmetric Macdonald polynomial $P_{\lambda}^{A_{2n}^{(2)}} (q,t)$ at $t=0$, where $\lambda$ is a dominant weight and $P_{\lambda}^{A_{2n}^{(2)}}(q,t)$ denotes the specific specialization of the symmetric Macdonald-Koornwinder polynomial $P_{\lambda}(q,t_1, t_2, t_3, t_4, t_5)$. More precisely, as some results for untwisted affine types, the set of all ($A_{2n}^{(2)}$-type) quantum Lakshmibai-Seshadri paths of shape $\lambda$, which is described in terms of the finite Weyl group $W$, realizes the crystal basis of a quantum Weyl module over a quantum affine algebra of type ${A_{2n}^{(2)}}$ and its graded character is equal to the specialization $P_{\lambda}^{A_{2n}^{(2)}} (q,0)$ of the symmetric Macdonald-Koornwinder polynomial.
Non‐Linear Response of the Extratropics to Tropical Climate Variability

There are established El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Quasi‐biennial Oscillation (QBO) teleconnections to the extratropics that alter the strength of the polar vortex. Here, we demonstrate non‐linearity in the stratospheric polar vortex response to ENSO and QBO combined, in climate model simulations and observational data. We show that the combined effect of El Niño and QBO easterly phase (QBO‐E) on the polar vortex is greater than the linear combination of the individual responses to El Niño and QBO‐E separately. Observations support the model results, despite a relatively small sample of observed cases. We propose that non‐linearity in the teleconnection to ENSO and QBO is caused by the combined effects of an increase in wave driving from El Niño and more poleward propagation of wave activity during QBO‐E. Our results have implications for extreme winters when both El Niño and QBO‐E are active.