Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pressure And Performance In Accounting Decision Settings - Paradoxical Effects Of Incentives, Feedback, And Justification

This paper shows that the positive effects on decision making of financial incentives, performance feedback, and the requirement to justify one's decisions to others can be undermined or even reversed by the availability of a decision aid. More specifically, in the absence of a decision aid, subjects achieved greater classification accuracy in a repetitive decision task when a monetary incentive was offered, or when feedback about past performance was provided, or when they were required to justify their choices, relative to the absence of these three variables. In contrast, when a statistically valid decision aid was available, the same incentive, feedback, and justification requirements resulted in lower classification accuracy, again relative to the absence of these three variables. These results are interpreted within a framework having two basic tenets. First, financial incentives, performance feedback, and a justifi-
Surveying The Reasons Of The Cold Acceptance About Online Purchasing Of Electronic Goods In Iran

Nowadays, the commercial competition has been increased in many areas of business, especially in electronic business all around the world, hence improvement of the customers’ retaining, and enhancement of their loyalty has been more difficult, however, supplying their needs can assist to improve customer’s loyalty. The main purpose of the current research is finding the most important factors of continuous purchase of the online shoppers through the commercial websites. In the current research, in order to data gathering, according to surveying on fourteen hypotheses, 384 questionnaires were collected after distributing among responders, so, all hypotheses were approved after analyzing data.
The Law of the Internet between Globalisation and Localisation

Since its birth, the Internet has usually been considered as a threat to the traditional conception of sovereignty as power of a state to regulate the interactions taking place within its territory. The extra- territorial nature of the Internet has definitely contributed to the globalization of legal orders, by requiring them to develop a shared framework to address the problems arising from the relationships occurring on the Internet across various states. In the era of transnationalism, just some of the areas of law have been affected by the adoption of common legal standards, while others, closer to the national identity's heart, kept themselves aside from this process. Thus, almost paradoxically, the law of the Internet demonstrates that the advent of the era of transnationalism does not imply the end of the role of national law, but only implies it has to be rethought in the broader context of globalization of legal systems.
1 A Review on Established and Emerging Fermentation 2 Schemes for Microbial Production of 3 Polyhydroxyalkanoate ( PHA ) Biopolyesters 4

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are microbial biopolyesters utilized as “green plastics”. 10 Their production under controlled conditions resorts to bioreactors operated in different modes. 11 Because PHA biosynthesis constitutes a multiphase process, both feeding strategy and bioreactor 12 operation mode need smart adaptation. Traditional PHA production setups based on batch, 13 repeated batch, fed-batch or cyclic fed-batch processes are often limited in productivity, or display 14 insufficient controllability of polyester composition. For highly diluted substrate streams like it is 15 the case for (agro)industrial waste streams, fed-batch enhanced by cell recycling were recently 16 reported as a viable tool to increase volumetric productivity. As emerging trend, continuous 17 fermentation processes in single-, two-, and multi-stage setups are reported, which bring the kinetics 18 of both microbial growth and PHA accumulation into agreement with process engineering, and 19 allow tailoring PHA ́s molecular structure. Moreover, we currently witness an increasing number 20 of CO2-based PHA production processes using cyanobacteria; these light-driven processes resort to 21 photobioreactors similar to those used for microalgae cultivation, and can be operated both 22 discontinuously and continuously. This development goes in parallel to the emerging use of 23 methane and syngas as an abundantly available gaseous substrates, which also calls for bioreactor 24 systems with optimized gas transfer. 25 The review sheds light on the challenges of diverse PHA production processes in different 26 bioreactor types and operational regimes using miscellaneous microbial production strains such as 27 extremophilic Archaea, chemoheterotrophic eubacteria and phototrophic cyanobacteria. Particular 28 emphasize is dedicated to the limitations and promises of different bioreactor-strain combinations, 29 and to efforts devoted to upscaling these processes to industrially relevant scales. 30
M Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire ( MPQ )

The Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) is a self-report inventory that assesses personality in terms of 11 lower-order (“primary”) trait scales, which load onto three higher-order factors reflecting temperament dimensions. The full-length version of the inventory is 276 items; shorter standard-wording and simplified-wording forms (155 items and 157 items, respectively) are also available. Each item of the MPQ is answered either “true” or “false. ” The inventory also contains validity scales that assess for random responding, acquiescence versus “nay-saying,” and social desirability. The MPQ has proven particularly useful for clarifying how temperamentrelated psychological dispositions relate to normative and maladaptive behavior.
Some Observations on Mass Beliefs in the U.S. and Georgia

Debates about the political abilities of the public remain one of the major controversies in political behavior research. This controversy implies normative presumptions about what level of sophistication is required for democracies to achieve their political ideals. For citizen politics to be purposeful, the electorate must have at least a basic level of political skills. Political attention is also very important sign of the public’s political skills. Reflecting and reinforcing the general development of cognitive mobilization, interest in politics and government affairs has increases in the U.S. and Georgia as well. Interest in specific election may vary from campaign to campaign, but statistics suggest a trend of increasing politicization. More people seem to be spreading reliance on social group and partisan cues as a basis of voting. The present level of issues voting is generally higher than during earlier periods.
Central aortic pressure augmentation in stable renal transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND Premature cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in renal transplant recipients and classical risk factors significantly underestimate the risk. The increased effect of arterial wave reflections on central arteries has recently been shown to be an important independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of several classical and potential non-classical cardiovascular risk factors on aortic pressure augmentation by the reflected arterial wave in stable renal transplant recipients. METHODS Using the non-invasive technique of pulse wave analysis aortic augmentation was investigated in 250 stable renal transplant recipients. Peripheral pulse waveforms were recorded from the radial artery. Central aortic waveforms were then generated and the aortic augmentation index calculated. RESULTS In multivariate analysis, female sex (regression coefficient 7.5 +/- 1.7%; P < 0.001), heart rate (-4.8 +/- 0.5% per 10 beats/min; P < 0.001), mean arterial pressure (4.2 +/- 0.6% per 10 mm Hg; P < 0.001), the persistence of an arteriovenous fistula (4.1 +/- 1.3%; P < 0.005), total time on renal replacement therapy (3.8 +/- 0.9% per 10 years; P < 0.001), height (-3.1 +/- 0.8% per 10 cm; P < 0.001), immunosuppression with cyclosporine (2.8 +/- 1.3%; P < 0.005) and age (2.5 +/- 0.5% per 10 years; P < 0.001) were all important correlates of aortic augmentation index. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest, to our knowledge for the first time, that both the presence of a functioning arteriovenous fistula and immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporine are associated with an increased aortic augmentation index in renal transplant recipients and could, therefore, be potential reversible contributors to the high cardiovascular risk profile in these patients.
Supply Chain Model on Uncertainty Demand

The life cycle of new product is becoming shorter and shorter in all markets. Given these short product life cycles, product demand is increasingly difficult to forecast. Furthermore, demand is never really stationary because the demand rates evolves over the life of the product. In this paper, we consider the problem of where in supply chain to place strategic safety stocks to provide a high level service to the final customer with minimum cost, and extend the model for stationary demand to the case of stationary demand, as might occur for products with short life cycles. We assume that we can model the supply chain as a network that each stage in the supply chain operates with a periodic reviuw base-stock policy, that demand is bounded and that there is guaranteed service time between every stage and its customers. This study uses the analytic solver program in excel that does the randomization process on the variable demand.
Comparison of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as local anesthetic adjuvants in spinal anesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Purpose To compare the effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) and fentanyl as adjuvants to local anesthetics in spinal anesthesia. Methods Two researchers independently searched the PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and CBM for randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of Dex and fentanyl as adjuvants to local anesthetics for intrathecal injection. Results A total of 639 patients from nine studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that Dex resulted in statistically significant longer duration of stable sensory block (mean difference [MD] =27.12; 95% confidence interval [CI] [9.89, 44.34], P<0.01, I2=97%), sensory block (standardized mean difference [SMD] =3.81; 95% CI [2.35, 5.27], P<0.01, I2=97%), motor block (SMD =3.64; 95% CI [2.19, 5.08], P<0.01, I2=97%), and pain free period (SMD =2.98; 95% CI [1.69, 4.27], P<0.01, I2=96%); reducing the incidence of pruritus (relative risk [RR] =0.15; 95% CI [0.06, 0.39], P<0.01, I2=0%) compared with fentanyl. However, the onset of sensory and motor block, the time to peak sensory level, and the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia, and the side effects (nausea, vomiting, shivering and respiratory depression) were not significantly different between Dex and fentanyl. Conclusion Compared to fentanyl, Dex as local anesthetics adjuvant in spinal anesthesia prolonged the duration of spinal anesthesia, improved postoperative analgesia, reduced the incidence of pruritus, and did not increase the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia.
Repeat HIV testing among low-income minority women: a descriptive analysis of factors influencing decisional balance.

OBJECTIVE This exploratory study quantified potential barriers to repeat HIV testing, as well as perceptions supporting further testing among women previously tested for HIV. The study also determined associations between summative measures of barriers (and supportive factors) and women's intent to be tested for HIV. DESIGN AND SETTING One hundred forty-three women (95.4% African-American) who attended an urgent care center, and reported a history of HIV testing, completed a face-to-face interview. RESULTS Frequently perceived barriers included perceptions that repeat testing was unnecessary, either based on: 1) having only one sex partner since the last test (38.1% of responders); 2) obtaining a negative test result in the past year (36.7%); 3) worry about coping with a positive diagnosis (30.7%); 4) a belief that "guys I have sex with always use condoms" (27.5%); or 5) a belief that treatment may not be affordable (25.2%). Other barriers were endorsed with less frequency. A broad range of supportive factors were endorsed, including: 1) testing is part of self-care (85.8%); 2) knowing to avoid sex if HIV-positive (85.8%); 3) test results are reliable and important (84.7%); 4) early diagnosis can improve odds of staying healthy (83.0%); and 5) coping with a positive test result, and paying for treatment, would be manageable (78.6% and 78.2%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that barriers and supportive factors played equally important roles in women's intent to be tested for HIV. Intervention efforts designed to promote repeat HIV test acceptance among low-income, African-American women should focus on changing perceptions of barriers, and enhancing supportive factors.
Why Do Short Sellers Like Qualitative News?

Short sellers trade more on days with qualitative news, that is, news containing fewer numbers. We show that this behavior is not informationally motivated but can be explained by short sellers exploiting higher liquidity on such days. We document that liquidity and noise trading increase in the presence of qualitative news, enabling short sellers to better disguise their informed trades. Natural experiments support our findings. Qualitative news has a bigger effect on short sellers’ trading after a decrease in liquidity following the stock’s deletion from the Standard & Poor’s 500 index and a smaller effect when investor attention is distracted by the Olympic Games.
Monolayer – Directed Patterned Deposition of Ceramic Thin Films 476

Design of reproducible, simple and efficient nanofabrication routes has become a frontier topic in the emerging field of nanotechnologies. In this chapter we discuss the “state of the art” of ceramics microand nanofabrication techniques. We pay special attention to progress in this field made during the last five years. In this chapter we will discuss about the progress on the use of lithographic tools to create nanoscale ceramic patterns or the potential of soft lithography to create ceramic structures by means of liquid ceramic precursors. The chapter also describes advances on the use of self-assembly and self organization to achieve nanostructured ceramic surfaces. In the final part, we discuss about the possibility of combining physical vapour deposition with micromolding techniques to obtain nanostructured ceramic subtrates.
Mechanical Self-Assembly of a Strain-Engineered Flexible Layer: Wrinkling, Rolling, and Twisting

Self-shaping of curved structures, especially those involving flexible thin layers, has attracted increasing attention because of their broad potential applications in e.g. nanoelectromechanical/micro-electromechanical systems (NEMS/MEMS), sensors, artificial skins, stretchable electronics, robotics, and drug delivery. Here, we provide an overview of recent experimental, theoretical, and computational studies on the mechanical self-assembly of strain-engineered thin layers, with an emphasis on systems in which the competition between bending and stretchingenergy gives rise to a variety ofdeformations,such as wrinkling, rolling, and twisting. We address the principle of mechanical instabilities, which is often manifested in wrinkling or multistability of strain-engineered thin layers. The principles of shape selection and transition in helical ribbons are also systematically examined. We hope that a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanical principles underlying these rich phenomena can foster the development of new techniques for manufacturing functional three- dimensional structures on demand for a broad spectrum of engineering applications.
Scalable laplacian eigenfluids

The Laplacian Eigenfunction method for fluid simulation, which we refer to as Eigenfluids, introduced an elegant new way to capture intricate fluid flows with near-zero viscosity. However, the approach does not scale well, as the memory cost grows prohibitively with the number of eigenfunctions. The method also lacks generality, because the dynamics are constrained to a closed box with Dirichlet boundaries, while open, Neumann boundaries are also needed in most practical scenarios. To address these limitations, we present a set of analytic eigenfunctions that supports uniform Neumann and Dirichlet conditions along each domain boundary, and show that by carefully applying the discrete sine and cosine transforms, the storage costs of the eigenfunctions can be made completely negligible. The resulting algorithm is both faster and more memory-efficient than previous approaches, and able to achieve lower viscosities than similar pseudo-spectral methods. We are able to surpass the scalability of the original Laplacian Eigenfunction approach by over two orders of magnitude when simulating rectangular domains. Finally, we show that the formulation allows forward scattering to be directed in a way that is not possible with any other method.
Capital Budgeting Procedures and Practices of Unsung Entrepreneur in Delhi

This study investigated the extent to which capital budgeting practices and procures are employed by unsung entrepreneur of Delhi work in this area has been focusing on corporate firms, paying little attention to nonprofit organizations. The study design adopted is the survey design. The study focuses on primary data as well as secondary data. Primary data were obtained from employees of individual firms using self-designed questionnaire, while secondary data were obtained from financial reports of the same firms. Data were analysed using computer software. The findings in this study indicate that the initial stages of capital budgeting process are being followed in firms, but minimal implementation follows. This is supported by: proportion of participants who showed that they normally divert funds, presence of stalled and idle projects in firms and an indication that modern appraisal techniques of capital budgeting are not highly applied. A number of capital budgeting techniques find place in basic as well as advanced text books on Financial Management and Corporate Finance. Each technique has its pros and cons as a decision making tool. The research paper investigates the decision making practices of unsung entrepreneur with respect to Capital Budgeting the techniques employed. The paper also examines the linkage between the techniques employed and various factors such as; size of investment outlay, nature of investment, firms size, and growth rate and capital structure. Also probed is the extent of delegation of decision making authority in respect of capital budgeting decisions. Further, the respondents’ views on relative popularity/significance of the techniques and reasons for the same have also been studied. Furthermore, the differences in techniques and decision making practices of unsung entrepreneurs and popular companies operating in India have also been looked. The information/data for the above stated purpose was collected through a secondary data from some companies. The main findings extracted from the responses to the questionnaire are, that key decision makers of unsung entrepreneurs are quite aware of and practically using sophisticated capital budgeting techniques. The study shows that bigger size companies give greater preference to IRR, while unsung entrepreneurs rely more on NPV. Also unsung entrepreneurs are keener in estimating the payback period (PP) as compared to larger companies. Consciously or unconsciously the unsung entrepreneurs relying more on debt financing or with high growth rates give more preference to the NPV technique, while low leverage and low growth colleges rely more on IRR. Unsung entrepreneur account for big percentage of Indian jobs and yet most of the studies on capital budgeting techniques have been focused on large firms. A mistake in their capital budgeting process could lead to disastrous consequences as they do not have the financial clout to recover from them. The purpose of the paper is to investigate where small unsung entrepreneurs stand in regard to the use of capital budgeting techniques and risk analysis.
THE EFFECTS OF SMARTPHONE ADDICTION ON CHILDREN’S CERVICAL POSTURE AND RANGE OF MOTION

Background: This study examined the effects of smartphones addiction on cervical posture, and compared the cervical range of motion (ROM) between addicted and non-addicted boys and girls 8 to 13 years of age. Methods: Twenty-four boys and 26 girls were assigned to 2 groups; addicted group (score > 32, n=32) and non-addicted group (score ≤ to 32, n=18). Craniovertebral Angle (CVA) was assessed using side view photographs, forward head posture (FHP) was measured using ImageJ 64 software, and cervical ROM in each direction was measured using a cervical (CROM) device. Results: A forward multiple regression showed that addiction score and body mass index (BMI) were significant predictors of CVA (R2 =0.31, p<0.001). Twenty-three percent of the variability in CVA was related to addiction score. A forward logistic regression showed that addiction to smartphone use and BMI were significant predictors of having FHP, and participants who were addicted were more than four times as likely to have FHP than those who were not: Odds Ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI)=4.5 (1.2, 10.7), p= 0.03. A significant reduction was found in mean cervical angle in addicted versus non-addicted boys (49.4±6.7 vs. 55.5±7.6,η2=0.5, p=0.03) and girls (47.3±6.3 vs. 52.9±6.1,η2=0.9, p=0.02). A significantly more limited cervical ROM found in most neck movements in addicted participants with FHP compared to participants without FHP. Conclusion: Children who are addicted to smartphones may develop faulty habitual posture due to constant neck flexion downward, which may place them at high risk of spine abnormalities.
COMPARISON OF HYSTEROSONOGRAPHY AND HYSTEROSALPANGIOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF INTRAUTERINE ABNORMALITIES IN INFERTILE WOMEN

Uterine abnormalities are found in approximately 34-62% of infertile women. Because of this relatively high prevalence of uterine abnormalities, evaluation of uterine cavity is performed in the primary evaluation of infertility. The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of hysterosonography with that of hysterosalpangiography for the evaluation of abnormalities of uterine cavity of infertile women. Sixty six infertile women were prospectively evaluated with hysterosalpangiogram (HSG) and hysterosonogram (H/S) as a part of their infertility workup. The result of each examination was compared with what was obtained by hysteroscopy as a golden standard. The results of H/S agreed with hysteroscopy in 95.5% (K=0.86) while HSG agreed with hysteroscopy in 87.9% (K=0.64) of cases. Sensitivity of H/S was 85.7% and its specificity 98.1%, while sensitivity of HSG was 71.4% and its specificity 92.3%. Hysterosonography was in general more accurate test and appeared to be an acceptable first-line evaluation for intrauterine structure. We recommend use of hysterosonography as a noninvasive, easy, inexpensive, effective and well-tolerated method of investigating the intrauterine cavity in infertile women instead of hysterosalpangiography.