Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Retrieving rice (Oryza sativa L.) net photosynthetic rate from UAV multispectral images based on machine learning methods

Photosynthesis is the key physiological activity in the process of crop growth and plays an irreplaceable role in carbon assimilation and yield formation. This study extracted rice (Oryza sativa L.) canopy reflectance based on the UAV multispectral images and analyzed the correlation between 25 vegetation indices (VIs), three textural indices (TIs), and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) at different growth stages. Linear regression (LR), support vector regression (SVR), gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), random forest (RF), and multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP) models were employed for Pn estimation, and the modeling accuracy was compared under the input condition of VIs, VIs combined with TIs, and fusion of VIs and TIs with plant height (PH) and SPAD. The results showed that VIs and TIs generally had the relatively best correlation with Pn at the jointing–booting stage and the number of VIs with significant correlation (p< 0.05) was the largest. Therefore, the employed models could achieve the highest overall accuracy [coefficient of determination (R 2) of 0.383–0.938]. However, as the growth stage progressed, the correlation gradually weakened and resulted in accuracy decrease (R 2 of 0.258–0.928 and 0.125–0.863 at the heading–flowering and ripening stages, respectively). Among the tested models, GBDT and RF models could attain the best performance based on only VIs input (with R 2 ranging from 0.863 to 0.938 and from 0.815 to 0.872, respectively). Furthermore, the fusion input of VIs, TIs with PH, and SPAD could more effectively improve the model accuracy (R 2 increased by 0.049–0.249, 0.063–0.470, and 0.113–0.471, respectively, for three growth stages) compared with the input combination of VIs and TIs (R 2 increased by 0.015–0.090, 0.001–0.139, and 0.023–0.114). Therefore, the GBDT and RF model with fused input could be highly recommended for rice Pn estimation and the methods could also provide reference for Pn monitoring and further yield prediction at field scale.
The influence of responsible leadership on teachers’ green behavior: The mediating role of psychological capital

This research aimed to explore the impact of responsible leadership on teachers’ green behavior in Chinese university, and applied psychological capital as a mediator variable to establish a research model. A questionnaire was conducted with 303 teachers using convenience sampling. SPSS version 19 was used to analyze the data and Sobel was used to test the mediating relationships. The results show that responsible leadership has a positive yet significant effect on teachers’ green behavior. It also shows positive impact on psychological capital. Furthermore, psychological capital is shown to positively impact teachers’ green behavior, while having a mediating effect between responsible leadership and teachers’ green behavior. This study enriches the research of teachers’ green behavior and fill the gap in previous education management research. The research conclusions enable managers to better understand teachers’ green behavior and provides them with theoretical guidance for promoting psychological capital and improving teachers’ green behavior.
Association between perceived exertion and executive functions with serve accuracy among male university tennis players: A pilot study

Serve in tennis is a very important strokes and is positively correlated with the rankings of the Association of Tennis Professionals ranking. This study investigated the associations between time-course changes in the ratings for perceived exertion, executive function, and second serve accuracy during 30-min tennis exercise sessions. Eleven Japanese male tennis players participated in the study, and their executive function and second serve performance were evaluated using the paper version of the Stroop Color and Word Test, followed by a serve performance test. The participants took part in a 30-min tennis exercise program and performed the Stroop Color and Word Test, heart rate (HR) check, and second serve accuracy test before and after the tennis exercise. Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationships between the ratings for perceived exertion, interference scores on Stroop Color and Word Test performance, and second serve performance. Post exercise, the rating of perceived exertion tended to correlate with serve accuracy (r = −0.57, p = 0.07) and interference score (r = 0.65, p = 0.03). The pre-to-post changes in second serve accuracy were negatively associated with the changes in interference score (r = −0.54, p = 0.08) and interference score in the posttest (r = −0.73, p = 0.01). The results suggest that time-course changes in executive function when playing tennis are positively associated with the accuracy of the second serve. These findings expand the previous knowledge regarding the positive association between time-course changes in executive functions and percentage of points won when playing tennis by including more specific skills (i.e., second serve accuracy).
Trends in EEG signal feature extraction applications

This paper will focus on electroencephalogram (EEG) signal analysis with an emphasis on common feature extraction techniques mentioned in the research literature, as well as a variety of applications that this can be applied to. In this review, we cover single and multi-dimensional EEG signal processing and feature extraction techniques in the time domain, frequency domain, decomposition domain, time-frequency domain, and spatial domain. We also provide pseudocode for the methods discussed so that they can be replicated by practitioners and researchers in their specific areas of biomedical work. Furthermore, we discuss artificial intelligence applications such as assistive technology, neurological disease classification, brain-computer interface systems, as well as their machine learning integration counterparts, to complete the overall pipeline design for EEG signal analysis. Finally, we discuss future work that can be innovated in the feature extraction domain for EEG signal analysis.
Lived experiences matter: The role of mental health professionals’ psychological crises and vulnerability in shaping their health beliefs and concepts

Background Mental health professionals are often affected by mental health problems and disorders. Yet, the effects of these lived experiences on their causal beliefs and health concepts have not been investigated. The current study investigates how professionals’ lived depressive experiences and their perceived vulnerability to mental illness affect their causal beliefs about mental disorders, their general concept of mental health and their specific concepts of depression and burnout. Methods An online survey was conducted with 218 mental health professionals from 18 psychiatric clinic departments in the German federal states of Berlin and Brandenburg, investigating their experiences with depression, self-assessed vulnerability, their causal beliefs of mental illness, their general health concept and specific illness concepts of depression and burnout. A path model was calculated to examine the relationships between these variables. Participants with and without lived experience of depression were grouped. Results Lived experience of depression was indicated by 126 participants. For participants with no experience of depression, perceived vulnerability negatively predicted beliefs in biological causation, which positively predicted higher differentiation between depression and burnout. For participants with previous depression experiences, perceived vulnerability positively predicted beliefs in psychological and social causation. Continuum belief was predicted only in this group by the three variables of causal beliefs. Psychological and social causation was positively associated, while biological causes were negatively associated with continuum beliefs. Conclusion Mental health professionals are not external to the clinical situation. Their lived experiences do matter, shaping their beliefs and concepts and, thus, possibly also their actions toward patients.
Boundary detection capability and influencing factors of electromagnetic resistivity while using drilling tools in a horizontal well

With the increase in the scale of mining in horizontal and highly deviated wells, electromagnetic boundary detection while drilling plays an important role in boundary detection. This paper examines three types of antenna structures commonly used in electromagnetic boundary detection and measurement methods and also performs a numerical simulation of the edge detection capability of the three structures in horizontal wells. The simulation experiment analyzes the influence of formation resistivity contrast, frequency, spacing, and other factors on the capability of edge detection and provides data that supports the design of instrument antenna parameters. The numerical simulation shows that the tilted and orthogonal receiving antennas demonstrate improved performance both in detecting the interface when approaching from high-resistance layers and low-resistance layers. In addition, the capability of boundary detection can be improved by decreasing the frequency and increasing the spacing between the transmitter and receiver.
Running to get “lost”? Two types of escapism in recreational running and their relations to exercise dependence and subjective well-being

Escapism is a fundamental motivation in many forms of activity engagements. At its core, escapism is “a habitual diversion of the mind … as an escape from reality or routine”. Accordingly, escapism may entail many adaptive and maladaptive psychological antecedents, covariates, and outcomes. However, few studies have been conducted on escapism as a motivational mindset in running. Here, in a sample of recreational runners (N = 227), we applied a two-dimensional model of escapism, comprising self-expansion (adaptive escapism) and self-suppression (maladaptive escapism), and examined how they were related to exercise dependence and subjective well-being. First, confirmatory factor analyses showed that the escapism dimensions were highly diversifiable in the sample. Then, correlational analyses showed that self-expansion was positively correlated to subjective well-being, whereas self-suppression was negatively related to well-being. Self-suppression was more strongly related to exercise dependence compared to self-expansion. Finally, path analyses evidenced an explanatory role of self-expansion and self-suppression in the inverse relationship between exercise dependence and well-being. In conclusion, the present findings support escapism as a relevant framework for understanding the relationship between exercise dependence in running and subjective well-being.
Effects of Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizoma polysaccharide on intestinal microbiota composition in rats with mammary gland hyperplasia

Background In recent years, mammary gland hyperplasia (MGH) has been considered to be one of the diseases caused by endocrine disorders. It has been shown that diseases caused by endocrine disorders can be treated by regulating intestinal microbial. As a commonly used medicine in clinical practice, Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizoma has good functions in regulating intestinal homeostasis. Therefore, this paper studied the effect of Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizoma polysaccharide (AMP) on the intestinal flora of MGH rats, providing a new idea for polysaccharide treatment of MGH. Materials and methods Eighteen female SD rats were selected and randomly divided into three groups: blank control group (Con), model control group (Mod), and AMP group, six rats in each group. MGH rat models were established by estradiol-progesterone combination and treated with AMP gastric infusion. The levels of E2, P, and PRL in the serum of rats were measured, the intestinal contents were collected, and 16s rRNA high- throughput sequencing technology was analyzed the changes of intestinal flora in the MGH rats. Results AMP has good therapeutic effects on MGH rats, decreasing estradiol (E2) and prolactin (PRL) levels and increasing progesterone (P) levels; at the same time, it can regulate the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora of MGH rats, improve the disorder of intestinal flora caused by MGH, and change the community structure, increase the abundance of beneficial flora, and decrease the abundance of pathogenic flora. Conclusion AMP can improve the intestinal microbiological environment of MGH rats, maintain the microecological balance of intestinal microbial, and improve MGH symptoms.
Research and application of GEP: China’s experience in natural capital accounting

In 2013, for raising the awareness of policymakers and researchers on the economic value of ecosystem services, GEP (Gross Ecosystem Product) was proposed by Chinese scholars. As a new attempt at ecosystem services evaluation, GEP has been widely accepted in China and is often used to reveal the effectiveness of regional ecological protection and the relationship between humans and nature. However, there is currently a lack of a systematic review of GEP research. In this study, we found that: 1) GEP can reflect the overall situation of ecological environment and service quality, and help decision-makers and managers formulate and implement sustainable development strategies and ecological protection policies. 2) The contradiction between the depletion of global ecosystem capital and the development of people’s livelihood continues to intensify. About 68.7% of developing countries are facing a “low-low development (low GEP and low GDP)” model. 3) We have constructed the path model of the GEP working system and the path model of ecological protection compensation mechanism in China. The GEP accounting system of “from point to area, from top to bottom”, the parallel evaluation strategy of GDP and GEP and the comprehensive ecological compensation system of “vertical and horizontal combination” implemented can be popularized to countries all over the world.
Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic liver resection versus open liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: A single-center 10-year experience

Background Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has increased. However, the long-term outcomes of LLR for HCCs should be validated further. Besides, the validity of laparoscopic minor liver resection in difficult segments (1, 4a, 7, 8) (LMLR-DS) and laparoscopic major hepatectomy (LMH) for HCCs need to be studied. Methods A total of 1773 HCC patients were collected: 683 received LLR and 1090 received OLR. Propensity score matching (PSM) with 1:1 ratio was used to eliminate the selection bias. Short-term and long-term outcomes were compared. In subgroup analyses, the validity of LMLR-DS or LMH for HCCs was studied. Results After PSM, 567 patients were in LLR or OLR group. LLR had lower intraoperative blood-loss and shorter postoperative hospital-stays than OLR. The postoperative complications were lower in LLR group (23.8% vs. 32.8%, P=0.001). The Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) had no significant difference between LLR and OLR groups (P=0.973, P=0.812). The cumulative 1-, 3-, and 5-year OR rates were 87.9%, 68.9%, and 57.7% for LLR group, and 85.9%, 68.8%, 58.8% for OLR group. The cumulative 1-, 3-, and 5-year DFS rates were 73.0%, 51.5%, 40.6% for LLR group, and 70.3%, 49.0%, 42.4% for OLR group. In subgroup analyses, 178 patients were in LMLR-DS or open surgery (OMLR-DS) group after PSM. LMLR-DS had lower intraoperative blood-loss and shorter postoperative hospital-stays than OMLR-DS. The postoperative complications were lower in LMLR-DS group. The OS and DFS had no difference between LMLR-DS and OMLR-DS groups. The cumulative 5-year OR and DFS rates were 61.6%, 43.9% for LMLR-DS group, and 66.5%, 47.7% for OMLR-DS group. In another subgroup analyses, 115 patients were in LMH or open major hepatectomy (OMH) group. LMH had lower blood-loss and shorter postoperative hospital-stays than OMH. The complications, OS and DFS had no significantly differences between two groups. The cumulative 5-year OR and DFS rates were 44.3%, 29.9% for LMH group, and 44.7%, 33.2% for OMH group. Conclusions LLR for HCCs showed better short-term outcomes and comparable long-term outcomes with OLR, even for patients who received LMLR-DS or LMH. LLR could be reliable and recommended for HCC treatment.
Antioxidant activity and interactions between whey protein and polysaccharides from different parts of Houttuynia cordata

Houttuynia cordata polysaccharides (PSY) are known to exhibit a variety of beneficial activities, but these are currently not specifically utilized in food. Hence, using the two edible parts of Houttuynia cordata, a herbaceous plant native to Southeast Asia, this study developed polysaccharides of a stem (HCPS)-whey protein concentrate (WPC) complex and a leaf (HCPL)-WPC complex, and studied their stability, structure and antioxidant activity. The results showed that stability differed in complexes with different proportions, exhibiting only relative stability in the two complexes in which the ratio of HCPS-WPC and HCPL-WPC was 1:4, but increased stability in the HCPL-WPC complex (ζ-potential of HCPL-WPC: | -21.87 mv| >ζ-potential of HCPS-WPC: | -21.70 mv|). Structural characterization showed that there was electrostatic interaction between HCPS and WPC and between HCPL and WPC. The HCPL-WPC was found to have better antioxidant activity. The findings of this study, thus, provide a reference for the development of Houttuynia cordata polysaccharide applications in food.
Processes at lithium-hydride/deuteride surfaces upon low energy impact of H/D

Sputtering, reflection, and retention processes at amorphous and crystalline lithium hydride surfaces due to impact of low energy (1–100 eV) hydrogen and deuterium atoms over the range of 0o −85o angle of incidence at 300 K surface temperature were investigated by atomistic computational methods. Classical molecular dynamics simulations were performed with improved reactive bond-order force field (ReaxFF) potentials that include long-range polarization effects. In addition to probabilities of surface processes, the energy and angular spectra of ejected particles were obtained. Comparison of these results with those previously obtained on pristine lithium surfaces indicates the importance of saturation of the Li surface and near-surface region with hydrogen. We show that such saturation, which is typical in both laboratory and fusion device experiments with lithium coating of the plasma-facing surfaces, significantly changes the surface processes with hydrogen irradiation in the understudied low-energy region of impact energies.
Molecular genetics and phenotypic assessment of foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) landraces revealed remarkable variability of morpho-physiological, yield, and yield‐related traits

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. ) is highly valued for nutritional traits, stress tolerance and sustainability in resource-poor dryland agriculture. However, the low productivity of this crop in semi-arid regions of Southern India, is further threatened by climate stress. Landraces are valuable genetic resources, regionally adapted in form of novel alleles that are responsible for cope up the adverse conditions used by local farmers. In recent years, there is an erosion of genetic diversity. We have hypothesized that plant genetic resources collected from the semi-arid climatic zone would serve as a source of novel alleles for the development of climate resilience foxtail millet lines with enhanced yield. Keeping in view, there is an urgent need for conservation of genetic resources. To explore the genetic diversity, to identify superior genotypes and novel alleles, we collected a heterogeneous mixture of foxtail millet landraces from farmer fields. In an extensive multi-year study, we developed twenty genetically fixed foxtail millet landraces by single seed descent method. These landraces characterized along with four released cultivars with agro-morphological, physiological, yield and yield-related traits assessed genetic diversity and population structure. The landraces showed significant diversity in all the studied traits. We identified landraces S3G5, Red, Black and S1C1 that showed outstanding grain yield with earlier flowering, and maturity as compared to released cultivars. Diversity analysis using 67 simple sequence repeat microsatellite and other markers detected 127 alleles including 11 rare alleles, averaging 1.89 alleles per locus, expected heterozygosity of 0.26 and an average polymorphism information content of 0.23, collectively indicating a moderate genetic diversity in the landrace populations. Euclidean Ward’s clustering, based on the molecular markers, principal coordinate analysis and structure analysis concordantly distinguished the genotypes into two to three sub-populations. A significant phenotypic and genotypic diversity observed in the landraces indicates a diverse gene pool that can be utilized for sustainable foxtail millet crop improvement.
Hierarchy of hybrid materials. Part-II: The place of organics-on-inorganics in it, their composition and applications

Hybrid materials or hybrids incorporating organic and inorganic constituents are emerging as a very potent and promising class of materials due to the diverse but complementary nature of their properties. This complementarity leads to a perfect synergy of properties of the desired materials and products as well as to an extensive range of their application areas. Recently, we have overviewed and classified hybrid materials describing inorganics-in-organics in Part-I (Saveleva, et al., Front. Chem., 2019, 7, 179). Here, we extend that work in Part-II describing organics–on-inorganics, i.e., inorganic materials modified by organic moieties, their structure and functionalities. Inorganic constituents comprise of colloids/nanoparticles and flat surfaces/matrices comprise of metallic (noble metal, metal oxide, metal-organic framework, magnetic nanoparticles, alloy) and non-metallic (minerals, clays, carbons, and ceramics) materials; while organic additives can include molecules (polymers, fluorescence dyes, surfactants), biomolecules (proteins, carbohydtrates, antibodies and nucleic acids) and even higher-level organisms such as cells, bacteria, and microorganisms. Similarly to what was described in Part-I, we look at similar and dissimilar properties of organic-inorganic materials summarizing those bringing complementarity and composition. A broad range of applications of these hybrid materials is also presented whose development is spurred by engaging different scientific research communities.