Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of halothane and isoflurane on postischemic "stunned" myocardium in the dog.

Short periods of coronary artery occlusion are known to produce prolonged periods of ventricular dysfunction. The effects of halothane or isoflurane on contractility and metabolism in postischemic "stunned" myocardium were studied in an open-chest canine model in which the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was occluded for 15 min and then reperfused. Regional function in the LAD and circumflex artery (CIRC) areas were measured with sonomicrometry, and metabolic data were determined from simultaneous arterial and venous measurements of oxygen and lactate. Halothane and isoflurane produced equivalent decreases in systolic shortening in both normal (CIRC) and stunned (LAD) areas of the heart. Furthermore, the amount of depression was similar with either halothane or isoflurane. Halothane 0.75 MAC significantly decreased systolic shortening in both the LAD region (from 38.8 +/- 25.9% to 11.0 +/- 21.8%) and in the CIRC region (from 116.7 +/- 24.7% to 87.5 +/- 23.3%). At equivalent MAC concentrations of isoflurane, the values were 42.5 +/- 45.7 to -7.0 +/- 49.9% in the LAD region and 91.5 +/- 11.9% to 66.9 +/- 23.9% in the CIRC area. At 1.5-MAC halothane, systolic shortening in the LAD region decreased from 47.9 +/- 47.2% to -0.6 +/- 20.3% and in the CIRC area from 114.6 +/- 16.8% to 76.0 +/- 18.7%. Isoflurane at 1.5 MAC produced significant decreases, from 23.4 +/- 54.5% to -15.6 +/- 27.1% in the LAD region and from 94.4 +/- 33.2% to 61.3 +/- 28.2 in the CIRC area. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Solow growth model: vector autoregression (VAR) and cross-section time-series analysis

The paper examines whether the Mankiw et al. results regarding the Solow model are specific tothe statistical methodology used. Therefore, instead of using cross-section data, annual data were used and the Solow model was investigated using a Vector AutoRegression (VAR) analysis for the G7 countries, and cross-section time-series data for the G3 countries. Analysis shows that, in both cases, the Mankiw et al. results generally hold. It also shows that the use of annual data can play an important and complementary role in revealing the differences in the growth process between individual countries.
The use of bank trading risk models for regulatory capital purposes

At present, there is no regulatory capital requirement for the market risk exposures a bank takes in its trading account activities. Alternative approaches are being considered for setting regulatory capital requirements on such risks. One proposal would use a regulatory model for measuring such risks, while a second proposal would base market risk capital requirements on risk estimates generated by a bank's internal risk measurement model--the so-called "internal models approach. " The first of these proposals suffers from the drawback that there is currently no generally acceptable model for measuring market risks and it is questionable whether an efficient "regulatory standard" model could be developed and maintained over time. In response to criticisms of the first proposal, the "internal models" approach has been developed as an alternative mechanism for setting market risk capital requirements. This paper considers the difficulties inherent in using a bank's internal risk measurement model to estimate the long- horizon risk exposure that determines a regulatory capital requirement for market risk. The analysis suggests that bank internal models are not capable of measuring risk exposures over the relatively lengthy time interval of regulatory interest. Long-horizon risk exposure estimates are compromised by statistical complications surrounding time aggregation of trading portfolio returns and because operational risk measurement models do not adequately capture large options risks, nor do these risk estimates recognize the endogeneity of a bank's risk exposures. In addition to these measurement issues, verification problems plague an internal models approach. When capital requirements are based on estimates of low probability potential loss events, there is no reliable procedure that can be used to validate a bank's reported risk estimate. These results suggest that an internal models approach for setting market risk capital requirements may be less than ideal if the accuracy of risk exposure estimates and the potential for independent verification are valued aspects of the regulatory capital system.
Distortion‐Product and Click‐Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions of Preterm and Full‐Term Infants

Abstract Full-term and preterm infants were evaluated with click-evoked and distortion product otoacoustic emissions [CEOEs and DPOEs]. The CEOEs and DWEs recorded from each individual ear were analyzed by calculating the root-mean-square levels within half-active bands. The fail criterion of the OE tests was that the half-active RMS DPOE or CEOE levels of an ear under test were below the 10th percentile of full-term newborns in two or more bands. The DPOE data were collected from 118 ears of 61 premature babies; 80 (68%] ears passed the DPOE test, 30 [25%] ears without middle ear effusions failed the test, and 8 (7%] ears with effusions also failed. The CEOE data were collected from 128 ears of 65 premature babies; 102 (80%) ears passed the CEOE test, 18 (14%) ears without middle ear effusions failed the test, and 8 (6%] ears with effusions also failed. In 23 of 80 ears (29%) that passed the DWE test and in 23 of 102 ears (23%] that passed the CEOE test, RMS OE levels of preterm infants were above the 90th percentile of full-term newborns. The analyses of the combined DPOE and CEOE data obtained from a group of 25 ears of full-term newborns and from a group of 72 ears of preterm babies showed statistically significant correlations between the DPOE and CEOE root mean-square levels in each of the half-octave bands in the 1.4 to 4 kHz region. For 42 preterm infants tested with auditory brain stem response [ABR), specificity was 86% for CEOE and 74% for DPOE. All infants who failed the ABR also failed OE tests. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first using combined DWEs, CEOEs, and ABRs for preterm babies. It showed the feasibility of DWEs and CEOEs for this population.
Simulations and experiments on eddy current in Nd-Fe-B magnets

The eddy current loss of a Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet is estimated from temperature rise rate of their magnets. The obtained values of the eddy current loss coincide with the simulated data of the Integral Element Method. The method of dividing magnet is found effective in the suppression of the current loss. Also, it is observed that the higher harmonic effects on the alternating current are simple addition of each harmonics.
Depression, cardiac mortality and all-cause mortality

SUMMARY Depression is an illness that kills. The links between depression and medical illness are well established and bi-directional, but evidence is mounting that depression increases mortality as well as morbidity in adults, particularly older adults. We examine the evidence that the increase in mortality in depression applies to all-cause mortality as well as cardiac mortality, and describe plausible physiological theories for the association. We conclude that excess mortality arising from depression is a major public health problem that is largely unrecognised and needs to be addressed by a range of clinicians. DECLARATION OF INTEREST None.
Environmental liability under uncertain causation

Recently, the European Commission has issued the “Directive 2004/35/CE on environmental liability with regard to the prevention and remedying of environmental liability”. The Directive extends liability that usually refers to personal injuries and private property to harm where private property does not exist (e.g. biodiversity and endangered species). In these cases, problems with multiple causation and uncertain causation tend to be even more severe than for cases where solely private property is affected. Nevertheless, the otherwise very ambitious Directive remains silent about how to deal with these problems. We focus on uncertain causation and analyze second best optimal standards of proof in a model where benefits of risky activities are private information, and where the firm’s care level chosen to avoid the damage is only imperfectly observable. We derive three results: first, we characterize the factors determining the second best standards. Second, and conversely to the previous literature, high standards of proof such as proof beyond reasonable doubt can be second best optimal even though they lead to inefficiently low care levels. Third, legislators should leave discretionary power to courts which allows them to choose the standard of proof conditional on factors such as the degree of uncertainty over causation or the information quality about care levels as taken by injurers.
The Process of Sharing Social Support in Cyberspace

Mutual support is an interactional communication process. Taking an interactional approach to support requires group participants be viewed not only as targets and recipients but also as sources and providers of various types of support. An analysis was performed on the interactions of a group listserve and model of online interactional support. The aim was to explore the communication process children follow. The analysis revealed self-disclosure was used in the support group in three distinct ways. Its function for the support recipient is to initiate a transactional relationship with another member for the purpose of attracting social support through the open expression of concerns and frustrations. It is then used by the support provider to demonstrate that coping is possible for the recipient through the reciprocal self-disclosure of similar concerns and situations with which the member has successfully dealt. The third use of self-disclosure was to share reciprocal social companionship relationships.
THE EFFECT OF GLYCINE AND PROTOPORPHYRIN ON A CYTOCHROME DEFICIENT YEAST

A strain of yeast showing no respiratoxy activity and no absorption bands corresponding to cytochrome components on spectroscopic examination was isolated by Caroline Raut (1953) after ultraviolet irradiation of a haploid culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Through the kindness of Dr. Raut, a segregant (strain 1914) of the original deficient isolate (W-1) was made available for further investigation. The work reported here was designed to investigate the nature of the cytochrome deficiency in this mutant.
Contract Design for the Purchase of Environmental Goods from Agriculture

An environmental stewardship program, whereby farmers are paid directly for the environmental goods they provide, is developed by combining the microparameter distribution model with mechanism design principles. The program overcomes the information asymmetry between farmers and governments and accounts for the deadweight losses from distortionary taxes. The characteristics of optimal input and payment schedules of the program are derived. These optimal schedules are determined by the tradeoffs between farming profits, environmental benefits, and deadweight losses from taxes, and are second-best except under restrictive conditions on deadweight losses from taxes and on the marginal product of inputs and marginal pollution costs. Copyright 1996, Oxford University Press.
A Three-Year Survey on the Worldwide Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Feedstuffs and Feed

Between January 2009 and December 2011, a total of 7049 corn, soybean/soybean meal, wheat, dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) and finished feed samples were analyzed for the occurrence of aflatoxins (Afla), zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FUM) and ochratoxin A (OTA). Samples were sourced in the Americas, Europe and Asia. Afla, ZEN, DON, FUM and OTA were present respectively in 33%, 45%, 59% 64% and 28% of analyzed samples between 2009 and 2011. From the 23,781 mycotoxin analyzes performed, 81% were positive for at least one mycotoxin. Results of this survey are provided by calendar year, in order to potentially show different trends on mycotoxin occurrence in distinct years: by commodity type and within the same commodity, and by region, to potentially reveal differences in mycotoxin contamination in commodities sourced in diverse regions.
The Behavioral and Distributional Implications of Aid for College

Subsidizing the cost of education is one of the most common, and expensive, activities of governments. While primary and secondary schooling is available tuition-free in the United States, among post-secondary students the direct cost of schooling is quite heterogeneous. First, tuition prices vary widely across schools. During the 2000-2001 academic year, college tuitions varied from zero at some community colleges to over $27,000 at Ivy League institutions. Second, institutions heavily discount these "sticker" prices for many students, using detailed information on family finances and academic merit to engage in finely tuned price discrimination. ' Third, the federal and state governments provide individual subsidies, such as the Pell Grant and low-interest Stafford loan, that are portable across institutions. The standard model of human capital clearly predicts that such cost subsidies will raise the optimal level of schooling. While the theoretical predictions are clear, it is an empirical question how much a given dollar of subsidy affects behavior. Answering this empirical question is a challenge, since eligibility for subsidies is certainly not random and, in fact, is likely to be correlated with many other determinants of schooling. As a result, estimates based on the cross-sectional correlation of aid eligibility with schooling are subject to multiple sources of bias. This paper examines work that has used quasi-experimental methodology to isolate exogenous sources of variation in schooling costs in order to determine their effect on schooling decisions.
The heat shock consensus sequence is not sufficient for hsp70 gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster

A hybrid gene in which the expression of an Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene was placed under the control of a Drosophila melanogaster 70,000-dalton heat shock protein (hsp70) gene promoter was constructed. Mutant derivatives of this hybrid gene which contained promoter sequences of different lengths were prepared, and their heat-induced expression was examined in D. melanogaster and COS-1 (African green monkey kidney) cells. Mutants with 5' nontranscribed sequences of at least 90 and up to 1,140 base pairs were expressed strongly in both cell types. Mutants with shorter 5' extensions (of at least 63 base pairs) were transcribed and translated efficiently in COS-1 but not at all in D. melanogaster cells. Thus, in contrast to the situation in COS-1 cells, the previously defined heat shock consensus sequence which is located between nucleotides 62 and 48 of the hsp70 gene 5' nontranscribed DNA segment is not sufficient for the expression of the D. melanogaster gene in homologous cells. A second consensus-like element 69 to 85 nucleotides upstream from the cap site is postulated to be also involved in the heat-induced expression of the hsp70 gene in D. melanogaster cells.
A Ratiometric Readout Circuit for Thermal-Conductivity-Based Resistive CO2 Sensors

This paper reports a readout circuit for a resistive CO2 sensor, which operates by measuring the CO2-dependent thermal conductivity of air. A suspended hot-wire transducer, which acts both as a resistive heater and temperature sensor, exhibits a CO2-dependent heat loss to the surrounding air, allowing CO2 concentration to be derived from its temperature rise and power dissipation. The circuit employs a dual-mode incremental delta-sigma ADC to digitize these parameters relative to those of an identical, but isolated, reference transducer. This ratiometric approach results in a measurement that does not require precision voltage or power references. The readout circuit uses dynamically-swapped transducer pairs to cancel their baseline-resistance, so as to relax the required dynamic range of the ADC. In addition, dynamic element matching (DEM) is used to bias the transducer pairs at an accurate current ratio, making the measurement insensitive to the precise value of the bias current. The readout circuit has been implemented in a standard 0.16 μm CMOS technology. With commercial resistive micro-heaters, a CO2 sensing resolution of about 200 ppm (1σ) was achieved in a measurement time of 30 s. Similar results were obtained with CMOS-compatible tungsten-wire transducers, paving the way for fully-integrated CO2 sensors for air-quality monitoring.
Continuity and Change in European Industrial Relations: Evidence from a 14‐country Survey

Using data from the Price Waterhouse Cranfield Project, investigates a number of key aspects of industrial relations at organization level as a means of evaluating the nature of change in industrial relations. Examines levels of trade union membership in organizations across Europe; the extent and nature of trade union recognition; perceived changes in trade influence in organizations; the locus of policy determination in industrial relations and the nature of management‐employee comunications. Considers the aggregate evidence with respect to differentiation and convergence in European industrial relations.
MODELING OF MICRO/NANO CHANNEL FLOWS

This paper reviews the models for the fluid flow in micro/nano channels developed previously. These models include the full MDS (molecular dynamics simulation) model, the quasi-continuum model, the modified Navier-Stokes equation model, the dissipative particle dynamics method, the lattice Boltzman method, the multiscale hybrid model and the flow factor approach model. It was pointed out that most of the models have their own imperfections like huge time and computer storage consumption for simulating a system of realistic size or inaccuracy because of the model limitation. It was also mentioned that the most challenging is to develop efficient models for simulating engineering flows which often occur in much longer channels than currently simulated on a computer. These welcome models should be sufficiently accurate with fast calculation and acceptable computer storage consumption.
Two laccase isoforms of the basidiomycete Cerrena unicolor VKMF‐3196. Induction, isolation and properties

The laccase induction in submerged culture of basidiomycete Cerrena unicolor VKM F‐3196 was investigated. Cu2+ at concentration 0.1 mM was an optimum inducer of C. unicolor laccase. Two isoforms of laccase, namely LacC1 and LacC2, were isolated and characterized. The isoforms were shown to have different physical‐chemical and catalytic properties. On the basis of the MALDI TOF MS analysis of tryptic cleavage products of both the proteins and N‐terminal amino‐acid sequences analysis two isoforms of laccase (LacC1 and LacC2) were classified as products of two different genes. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Robust PI controller design for an uncertain recycle system

In this paper, a new approach is proposed for design of a robust controller for interval process systems in the presence of parametric uncertainties. The proposed method uses a necessary condition and sufficient condition for stability of interval polynomial. These conditions are used to derive a set of inequalities in terms of the compensator parameters which can be solved to obtain a robust controller. The proposed method is simple, involves less computational complexity and provides an easy method to obtain a robust compensator. The proposed method is applied to design a robust proportional-integral controller for a recycle system in the presence of process gain uncertainties. The results show the efficacy of the proposed method.
Towards a socio‐economic framework on technological change

Focuses on a central phenomenon of industrialized societies, i.e. technological change. Synthesizes mechanisms which have an effect on processes of technological change into three interrelated perspectives: economic, political and cultural. Applies this interdisciplinary approach in order to capture the manifold natures and the complexity of mechanisms involved. Claims that structural tensions across time and context can both enable and constrain processes of technological change.
Neighborhoods, Race, and Capital

The author analyzes changes in commercial building activity over the 1980s for 75 central-city residential neighborhoods in Chicago to identify how neighborhood residential change affects commercial investment. Spatial econometrics are used to control for problems of spatial autocorrelation. The results indicate that although changes in population and income levels are important, racial and ethnic change have substantial effects on commercial investment flows. Increases in the percentage of black or Hispanic residents result in decreases in commercial investment. Although additional research is needed to identify the specific mechanisms resulting in these effects, the magnitudes are substantial, and potential policy implications are considered.
The Japanese Management Model

A distinctive element of the Japanese management model is the greater role given to workers' knowledge. For some, this may simply be a further example of the expropriation by management of workers' skills and hence the perfection of Taylorism. For others it may indicate yet again the continual failure of Taylorism. In this perspective the Japanese management would simply be making explicit what is going on anyway, that is, the exercising of tacit skills. Can the involvement of workers in job design under the Japanese model then be treated as one of its distinguishing features? It is suggested in this article that Japanese workers' participation is distinctive insofar as it explicitly involves them in industrial engineering. The precise meaning and distinctiveness of this involvement derives from the wider innovations in production management, such as just-in-time (Kanban) and the continuous learning program (Kaizen), as well as other aspects of Japanese personnel practice. Such innovations have reversed certain features of conventional production management, but not the central tenets of mass production. The abolition of buffer stocks, centralized quality control, and the sovereignty of the industrial engineer have all been questioned within Japanese concepts. The article concludes by drawing out the implications of their development for a number of areas of theoretical concern, including conceptions of tacit skills, flexible specialization, and autonomy.
Pulmonary responses and recovery following single and repeated inhalation exposure of rats to polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate aerosols

Acute and repeated inhalation exposures (for 28 days) to polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI) were performed in rats. Investigations were made at the end of exposures and after 3, 10 and 30 days of recovery following single acute exposures and after 30 days of recovery following 28 days of exposure. Acute exposures to 10, 30 or 100 mg m−3 PMDI produced clinical signs in all animals that were consistent with exposure to irritant aerosols. An exposure concentration‐related body weight loss and increase in lung weight were seen post‐exposure, with complete recovery by day 8. The time course of changes in the lung over the initial days following exposure consisted of a pattern of initial toxicity, rapid and heavy influx of inflammatory cells and soluble markers of inflammation and cell damage, increased lung surfactant, a subsequent recovery and epithelial proliferative phase and, finally, a return to the normal status quo of the lung. During these stages there was evidence for perturbation of lung surfactant homeostasis, demonstrated by increased amounts of crystalline surfactant and increased number and size of lamellar bodies within type II alveolar cells.