Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CoCo: Efficient Browser Extension Vulnerability Detection via Coverage-guided, Concurrent Abstract Interpretation

Extensions complement web browsers with additional functionalities and also bring new vulnerability venues, allowing privilege escalations from adversarial web pages to use extension APIs. Prior works on extension vulnerability detection adopt classic static analysis, which is unable to handle dynamic JavaScript features such as those function calls as part of array lookups. At the same time, prior abstract interpretation focuses on lightweight server-side JavaScript, which often cannot scale to client-side extension code due to object explosions in the abstract domain. In this paper, we design, implement and evaluate a novel, coverage-driven, concurrent abstract interpretation framework, called CoCo, to efficiently detect vulnerabilities in browser extensions. On one hand, CoCo parallelizes abstract interpretation with concurrent taint propagation for each branching statement, message passing and content/background scripts to detect vulnerabilities with improved scalability. On the other hand, CoCo prioritizes analysis that increases code coverage, thus further detecting more vulnerabilities. Our evaluation shows that CoCo detects at least 43 zero-day, exploitable, manually-verified extension vulnerabilities that cannot be detected by state-of-the-art works. We responsibly disclosed all the zero-day vulnerabilities to extension developers.
Impact of Soil Productivity on the Growth of Two Meyer Lemon Trees

Home gardening is one of the most popular activities in the United States. As participation increases, more homeowners are turning to home testing to solve gardening problems. We aimed to apply home soil testing to one such problem: identifying the cause of the growth differences between two lemon trees in our backyard. Since the two lemon trees are of the same species, were planted at the same time side-by-side, and given similar amounts of water and fertilizer, we hypothesized that differences in physical and chemical soil characteristics were influencing differences in soil productivity and plant growth. We tested five factors that affect soil productivity: soil composition, permeability, water-holding capacity (WHC), pH and free ions, and ion exchange capacity. We analyzed five soil samples with three trials each from the root spread perimeter of each tree, then analyzed variance of the results. We found that the soil samples from the lemon tree with higher growth had significantly higher WHC and permeability due to higher humus content and better anion exchange capacity (AEC) due to higher clay content. High sand content and low humus content reduced WHC, permeability, and AEC in the poor soil. All samples had sufficient nutrients and ideal pH, so the two soils did not differ obviously in the tested chemical characteristics. A clay and humus mixture can be added to improve soil productivity for the lowerperforming tree. Overall, our study demonstrated the effectiveness of home soil testing to characterize soils and help homeowners solve common gardening problems.
Evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of three diagnostic tests for Coxiella burnetii infection in cattle and buffaloes in Punjab (India) using Bayesian latent class analysis

Q Fever is a zoonotic disease of significant animal and public health concern, caused by Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii), an obligate intracellular bacterium. This study was done to evaluate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of three diagnostic methods to diagnose C. burnetii infection in cattle and buffaloes in Punjab, India: an indirect ELISA method applied in serum samples and a trans-Polymerase Chain Reaction (trans-PCR) technique applied in milk samples and genital swabs. Bayesian Latent Class Models were developed following the STARD-BLCM reporting guidelines. Conditional independence was assumed between the tests, given (i) the different biological principle of ELISA and trans-PCR and (ii) the fact that the trans-PCR was performed on different tissues. The ELISA method in the serum samples showed the highest Se of 0.97 (95% Probability Intervals (PIs): 0.93; 0.99) compared to the trans-PCR method applied in milk samples 0.76 (0.62; 0.87) and genital swabs 0.7 (0.55; 0.82). The Sps of all tests were high, with trans-PCR in genital swabs recording the highest Sp of 0.99 (0.98; 1), while the Sp of trans-PCR in milk samples and ELISA in serum samples were 0.98 (0.96; 0.99) and 0.95 (0.93; 0.97) respectively. The study results show that none of the applied tests are perfect, therefore, a testing regimen based on the diagnostic characteristic of the tests may be considered for diagnosis of C. burnetii.
The impact of the irrelevant-temporary buy-options and bidding behavior in online auctions

: With a laboratory experiment, we study the impact of buy-options and the corresponding buy-price on revenues and bidding behavior in (online) proxy-auctions with independent private valuations. We show that temporary buy-options may reduce revenues for two reasons: At low buy-prices, the application of the buy-option avoids revenue-enhancing bidding; at high buy-prices, bidders are reluctant to bid above the option price (even though the option is no longer available once an auction has started). The latter suggests a particular type of anchoring, where bidders use the buy-price to update their expectations about the strengths of their opponents.
Engaged Management ReView Engaged Management ReView

Solving problems in complex organizations requires managers to successfully navigate organizational boundaries. Yet, crossing boundaries can be an extremely difficult endeavor that requires sophisticated and multifaceted skills and behaviors. In this paper, we introduce boundary permeability to expand on the available boundary crossing techniques identified by Carl-ile (2004). Acknowledging the messiness in organizational life, we propose a set of techniques requiring that managers consider the multiplicity of boundary conditions and, in many cases, use multiple techniques simultaneously. We describe an innovative, real-world, problem-solving program within the U.S. Department of Defense to demonstrate the practical application of the proposed techniques and to recommend a three-step strategy that managers can use to apply the techniques to various problems. I want to express my deep appreciation to Lars Mathiassen, Senior Editor for EMR, and the three anonymous reviewers, for their highly constructive comments. This paper was developed from my presentation at the 2018 annual conference of the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA).
Factors influencing delayed discharge after day-surgery laparoscopic cholecystectomy: the DeDiLaCo study protocol.

OBJECTIVE Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard for most benign gallbladder diseases. Early discharge (<24 hours) has the same outcomes as longer (>24 hours) hospital stay. Nevertheless, the rate of delayed discharge >24 hours range from 4.6% to 37%. The primary endpoint of this Italian nationwide study is to analyze the prevalence of patients undergoing elective LC who experienced a delayed discharge >24 hours and identify potential limiting factors of early discharge. Results from these analyses will be used to select patients who can be safely discharged on the same day after surgery. Secondary endpoints will be to evaluate the patient's quality of life (QoL), assess the direct health costs associated with late discharge, and quantify the patient's involvement in the treatment process. PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospective, observational study was conducted following a resident-led model and the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines. All patients were treated according to the local hospital protocol and received routine care as standard therapy. RESULTS We expected to obtain the enrollment of at least 500 patients based on an assumed difference in discharge delay between the reference and the recruitable population of 6% and the identification of factors related to discharge failure within 24 h. Early discharge after LC leads to advantages both in terms of clinical outcomes and quality of life of the patient, and it is highly effective in terms of health costs and shortening the waiting list. However, clinical reality differs from the results of randomized studies by a complex series of non-objectionable real-world data influencing treatment plans. Therefore, we expected to identify independent predictors and factors of failure of early discharge. CONCLUSIONS Clinical reality often differs from randomized trial results. In Italy, the vast majority of delayed discharges after LC may not be related to surgery and can be prevented both with logistical reorganization and with a readjustment of the trust reimbursement policies.
Assessing the impact of climate variability and human activity to streamflow variation

Abstract. Water resources in river systems have been changing under the impacts of both climate variability and human activities. Assessing the respective impacts on decadal streamflow variation is important for water resources management. By using an elasticity-based method, calibrated TOPMODEL and VIC hydrologic models, we have quantitatively isolated the relative contributions that human activity and climate variability made to decadal streamflow changes in Jinhe basin located in northwest of China. This is an important watershed of Shaanxi Province that supplies drinking water for a population of over 6 million. The results from the three methods show that both human activity and climatic differences can have major effects on catchment streamflow, and the estimates of climate variability impacts from the hydrological models are similar to those from the elasticity-based method. Compared with the baseline period of 1960–1970, streamflow greatly decreased during 2001–2010. The change impacts of human activity and climate variability in 2001–2010 were about 83.5 and 16.5% of the total reduction respectively when averaged over the three methods. The maximum contribution value of human activity was appeared in 1981–1990 due to the effects of soil and water conservation measures and irrigation water withdrawal, which was 95, 112.5 and 92.4% from TOPMODEL, VIC model and elasticity-based method respectively. The maximum value of the aridity index (E0/P) was 1.91 appeared in 1991–2000. Compared with 1960–1970 baseline period, climate variability made the greatest contributions reduction in 1991–2000, which was 47.4, 43.9 and 29.9% from TOPMODEL, VIC model and elasticity-based method respectively. We emphasized various source of errors and uncertainties that may occurre in the hydrological model (parameter and structural uncertainty) and elasticity-based method (model parameter) in climate change impact studies.
WIDER Working Paper 2014/070 Exporting and productivity The role of ownership and innovation in the case of Vietnam

: In this paper, we investigate the relationship between exporting and productivity in the case of Vietnam using an extensive firm level panel dataset for the period 2005-11. We separate out productivity effects of exporting due to self-selection allowing us to identify the extent to which firms learn-by-exporting. We examine the relationship between exporting and productivity in foreign-owned firms and private domestic firms separately and find the former benefit more from exporting, particularly wholly foreign-owned firms. Our analysis suggests that these effects are likely to be attributed to initial productivity improvements due to entry into export markets suggesting that the productivity gains are associated with the removal of local market constraints. We also find some evidence of productivity improvement for domestic firms associated with exporting. These effects can be attributed to within-firm innovations in production processes and product quality.
Labor Supply and Entertainment Innovations: Evidence From the U.S. TV Rollout*

We study the impact of entertainment technologies on labor supply using a natural experiment afforded by the regulated U.S. television rollout. We find that TV significantly affected retirement rates but had little impact on labor supply among prime-age workers. A TV station launch reduced the probability of working by around 0.3 percentage points driven mainly by an increase in retirement rates among older age groups. We use a representative agent model to assess the impact of entertainment innovations on aggregate labor supply trends more broadly and find that TV had a substantial impact, while subsequent technologies had small effects. *We are grateful to Ben Olken and Matthew Gentzkow for sharing code and data, Hannah Rhodenhiser and Alex Cheng for diligent research assistance, and to Andreas Ferrara, Brian Kovak, Adrian Nieto, Steve Pischke, Mel Stephens, Lowell Taylor, Justin Wolfers, and seminar participants at Georgetown, Michigan, LSE, MIT, University of Pittsburgh, Princeton, and Lausanne for comments. This research was supported by the Michigan Institute for Teaching and Research in Economics and by an NICHD training grant to the Population Studies Center at the University of Michigan. †Fenton: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (gmfenton@umich.edu); Koenig: Carnegie Mellon University (fkoenig@cmu.edu) “ Here we must begin with the most fundamental fact about the impact of television on Americans: Nothing else in the twentieth century so rapidly and profoundly affected our leisure. ” Robert Putnam1 “ The fact that even in 1950 the average television household was watching for four and a half hours per day makes clear what a dramatic improvement television was over previous entertainment technologies. ” Matthew Gentzkow2
Turkish Journal of Mathematics Turkish Journal of Mathematics

: In this paper, first we define Clairaut Riemannian map between Riemannian manifolds by using a geodesic curve on the base space and find necessary and suﬀicient conditions for a Riemannian map to be Clairaut with a nontrivial example. We also obtain necessary and suﬀicient condition for a Clairaut Riemannian map to be harmonic. Thereafter, we study Clairaut Riemannian map from Riemannian manifold to Ricci soliton with a nontrivial example. We obtain scalar curvatures of rangeF ∗ and ( rangeF ∗ ) ⊥ by using Ricci soliton. Further, we obtain necessary conditions for the leaves of rangeF ∗ to be almost Ricci soliton and Einstein. We also obtain necessary condition for the vector field ˙ β to be conformal on rangeF ∗ and necessary and suﬀicient condition for the vector field ˙ β to be Killing on ( rangeF ∗ ) ⊥ , where β is a geodesic curve on the base space of Clairaut Riemannian map. Also, we obtain necessary condition for the mean curvature vector field of rangeF ∗ to be constant. Finally, we introduce Clairaut antiinvariant Riemannian map from Riemannian manifold to Kähler manifold, and obtain necessary and suﬀicient condition for an antiinvariant Riemannian map to be Clairaut with a nontrivial example. Further, we find necessary condition for rangeF ∗ to be minimal and totally geodesic. We also obtain necessary and suﬀicient condition for Clairaut antiinvariant Riemannian maps to be harmonic.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Why time-limited individuals can make populations more vulnerable to disturbance

for the effects of disturbance. Consequently, the magnitude of individual variation in time budgets strongly determines what proportion of the population is at risk that their condition deteriorates due to disturbance. Our hypothesis implies that, when assessing disturbance effects on a population, it is not only important to consider individual variation in disturbance responses, but also variation in time budgets that determine the consequences of disturbance.
Effects of subtalar arthroereisis in children, assessed on the basis of quality-of-life questionnaires

Introduction and Objective . Subtalar arthroereisis is a procedure commonly performed in children with flat feet. The procedure is performed when conservative treatment did not have the desired effect,or when the patient’s abnormal symptoms are very severe and make it difficult for them to function normally in daily life. The aim of this study was to assess whether subtalar arthroereisis and physiotherapy improve the quality of life among children with flat feet. Materials and method. The study comprised 79 patients (140 operated feet) diagnosed with a flat foot defect who underwent a subtalar arthroereisis procedure. A self-administered questionnaire and a shortened version of the standardised WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire were used in the research. Results . The study confirmed that the patients’ quality of life after surgery was high in all the areas regarding the somatic, psychological, social and environmental domains. In the group of children assessed 13–24 months after surgery. it was also found that rapid fatigue after exercise (30% ± 9%) and Achilles tendon contracture (7% ± 4%) were significantly reduced. The results of the study confirmed that subtalar arthroereisis contributes to a decreased demand for orthoses in children(9% ± 6%) and for orthopaedic footwear (11% ± 5%) than before surgery. Conclusions. The employment of subtalars arthroereisis has a positive effect on the quality of life of children with flat feet. The surgery contributes to a reduction in pain and other abnormal symptoms that are associated with flat feet. In addition, physiotherapy performed after the procedure had a positive effect on the healing process and contributed to the improvement of the children’s quality of life.
Mechanical assessment of novel compliant mechanisms for underactuated prosthetic hands

This paper proposes novel compliant mechanisms for constructing hand prostheses based on soft robotics. Two models of prosthetic hands are developed in this work. Three mechanical evaluations are performed to determine the suitability of the two designs for carrying out activities of daily living (ADLs). The first test measures the grip force that the prosthesis can generate on objects. The second determines the energy required and dissipated from the prosthesis to operate. The third test identifies the maximum traction force that the prosthesis can support. The tests showed that the PrHand1 prosthesis has a maximum grip force of 23.38 ± 1.5 N, the required energy is 0.76 ± 0.13 J, and the dissipated energy is 0.21 ± 0.17 J. It supports a traction force of 173.31 ± 5.7 N. The PrHand2 prosthesis has a maximum grip force of 36.13 ± 2.3 N, the required energy is 1.28 ± 0.13 J, the dissipated energy is 0.96 ± 0.12 J, and it supports a traction force of 78.48 ± 0 N. In conclusion, the PrHand1 prosthesis has a better performance in terms of energy and tensile force supported. The difference between the energy and traction force results is related to two design features of the PrHand2: fully silicone-coated fingers and a unifying mechanism that requires more force on the tendons to close the prosthesis. The grip force of the PrHand2 prosthesis was more robust than the PrHand1 due to its silicone coating, which allowed for an improved grip.
Video features predicting engagement in climate change education

Climate change is a substantial threat. Awareness-raising and education are key goals. Social media provide an opportune context for the delivery of science education content. However, little research has examined which video features elicit engagement on climate change. This project focused on YouTube and aimed to identify the most predictive factors of video engagement on the topic of climate change. Video engagement was defined as an algorithmic composite of outcomes derived through YouTube API such as the number of views and number of comments, among other measures. A search of YouTube videos revealed an original list of 183 videos on climate change. A random selection of 90 videos was manually coded on engagement predictor variables (i.e., video type, presenter type, audio-visual elements, video content, and other features). Results indicated that most YouTube videos are consistent with a widely accepted scientific viewpoint on the topic although their scientific quality and video argumentation content do not appear to affect video engagement. Rather, presenter and video characteristics associated with entertainment emerge as more specific predictors influencing video engagement. Social media can be used as a fruitful avenue for imparting education on pertinent issues such as climate change although it is important to consider ways of balancing quality education with entertainment features.
GIS Modeling of Wave Exposure at the Seabed: A Depth-attenuated Wave Exposure Model

Several studies have documented relationships between wave exposure and distribution, density, and size of marine species. Hence, this factor is at a high level in the hierarchical habitat classification system EUNIS and is one of the Water Framework Directive water typology criteria of coastal waters. Isæus (2004) has developed a continuous simplified wave model (SWM) that has been applied to several Nordic countries. Here we refine this model by introducing depth-attenuation, giving us the advantage of a model for wave exposure as it will actually work at the seabed. The values of the depth-attenuated model SWM(d) are approximately similar to the SWM model in shallow areas but noticeably lower in deep areas. The two models were compared in an analysis of the distribution of seabed substrate in the Stockholm archipelago. Using the depth-attenuated wave exposure instead of the SWM model as predictor in substrate modeling improved these models considerably.
LUNG FUNCTION AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

Dyslipidemia, hypertension, and lung function impairment leading to cardio-pulmonary disorders has been associated with chronic exposure to chemical toxicants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in automobile workshop. The cardiovascular risk factors, indices of lung function and PAH exposure in relation to duration of years at occupation were assessed in automobile workers. This comparative cross-sectional study enrolled one hundred men comprising 50 automobile workers and 50 non-automobile workers (controls). The peak expiratory flow rate was estimated using the peak flow meter, PAH metabolite (urine 1-hydroxy pyrene (1-HOP) by high-performance liquid chromatography, lipid profile indices (triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)) by colorimetry, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by Friedewal’s formular. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was calculated as a ratio of TG to HDL-C. The Anthropometric indices and blood pressure (systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP)) were obtained. Data analysis was done using t-test and correlation at P<0.05. Automobile workers had lower PEFR, HDL-C, and higher SBP, AIP and LDL-C compared to non-automobile workers (P<0.001). PEFR correlated negatively with 1-HOP (r=-0.322, P=0.022) while AIP correlated negatively with HDL (r=-0.307, P=0.030) and positively with TG (r=0.774, P=0.000), TC (r=0.726, P=0.000), LDL (r=0.777, P=0.000) and VLDL (r=0.793, P=0.000) respectively only in automobile workers. Atherogenic dyslipidemia characterized by elevated LDL, AIP, and lower HDL and PEFR observed in automobile workers may suggest an increased risk for cardio-pulmonary dysfunctions.