Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insoluble lipid film mediates the transfer of soluble saccharides from the sea to 1 the atmosphere : the role of hydrogen bonding 2

Insoluble lipid film mediates the transfer of soluble saccharides from the sea to the atmosphere: the role of hydrogen bonding Abstract 8 Saccharides are a large group of organic matter in sea spray aerosol (SSA). Although 9 they can affect climate-related properties of SSA, the mechanism through which 10 saccharides are transferred from bulk seawater to the ocean surface and ultimately into 11 SSA is still debated. Here, the transfer of small soluble saccharides was validated and 12 quantified using a controlled plunging jet sea spray aerosol generator to better 13 understand the wide range of particle properties produced by natural seawater mixed 14 with model organic species, glucose and trehalose. Data show that both soluble 15 saccharides can promote the production of SSA particles. Conversely, the role of the 16 insoluble fatty acid film on the surface greatly reduced the production of SSA. The 17 resulting inorganic-organic mixed particles identified by the transmission electron 18 microscope (TEM) showed typical core-shell morphology. Langmuir model was used 19 to parameterize the adsorption and distribution of saccharide into SSA across the bubble 20 surface, while infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) combined with 21 Langmuir isotherms were undertaken to examine the effects of aqueous subphase soluble saccharides on the phase behavior, structure and ordering of insoluble lipid 23 monolayers absorbed at the air/water interface. Changes in alkyl chains and headgroups 24 structure of mixed fatty acid monolayers under different saccharide concentrations in 25 aqueous phase were reported. In seawater solution, the effects of dissolved saccharides 26 on the ordering and organization of fatty acid chains were muted. Hydrogen bond analysis implied that soluble saccharide molecules displaced a large amount of water 28 near the fatty acid polar headgroups. Saccharide-lipid interactions increased with 29 3 increasing complexity of the saccharide in the order glucose < trehalose. Our results 30 indicate that the interaction between soluble saccharides and insoluble fatty acid 31 molecules through hydrogen bonds is an important component of the sea-air transfer 32 mechanism of saccharides. yield sea spray particles, we used a ternary fatty acid membrane proxy system composed of MA, PA, and SA (2:4:3 molar ratio) in the following experiments involving Langmuir isotherms.
Flaring efficiencies and NOx emission ratios measured for offshore oil and gas facilities in the North Sea

Abstract. Gas flaring is a substantial global source of carbon emissions to atmosphere and is targeted as a route to mitigating the oil and gas sector carbon footprint due to the waste of resources involved. However, quantifying carbon emissions from flaring is resource-intensive, and no studies have yet assessed flaring emissions for offshore regions. In this work, we present carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), and NOx (nitrogen oxide) data from 58 emission plumes identified as gas flaring, measured during aircraft campaigns over the North Sea (UK and Norway) in 2018 and 2019. Median combustion efficiency, the efficiency with which carbon in the flared gas is converted to CO2 in the emission plume, was 98.4 % when accounting for C2H6 or 98.7 % when only accounting for CH4. Higher combustion efficiencies were measured in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea compared with the UK sector. Destruction removal efficiencies (DREs), the efficiency with which an individual species is combusted, were 98.5 % for CH4 and 97.9 % for C2H6. Median NOx emission ratios were measured to be 0.003 ppm ppm−1 CO2 and 0.26 ppm ppm−1 CH4, and the median C2H6:CH4 ratio was measured to be 0.11 ppm ppm−1. The highest NOx emission ratios were observed from floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) vessels, although this could potentially be due to the presence of alternative NOx sources on board, such as diesel generators. The measurements in this work were used to estimate total emissions from the North Sea from gas flaring of 1.4 Tg yr−1 CO2, 6.3 Gg yr−1 CH4, 1.7 Gg yr−1 C2H6 and 3.9 Gg yr−1 NOx.
Open Research Online A design theory for software engineering

Context: Software Engineering is a discipline that has been shaped by over 50 years of practice. Many have argued that its theoretical basis has been slow to develop and that, in fact, a substantial theory of Software Engineering is still lacking. Objective: We propose a design theory for Software Engineering as a contribution to the debate. Having done this, we extend it to a design theory for socio-technical systems. Method: We elaborate our theory based on Gregor’s inﬂuential ‘meta-theoretical’ exploration of the structural nature of a theory in the discipline of Information Systems, with particular attention to ontological and epistemological arguments. Results: We argue how, from an ontological perspective, our theory embodies a view of Software Engineering as the practice of framing, representing and transforming Software Engineering problems. As such, theory statements concern the characterisation of individual problems and how problems relate and transform to other problems as part of an iterative, potentially backtracking, problem solving processes, accounting for the way Software Engineering transforms the physical world to meet a recognised need, and for the problem structuring process in context. From an epistemological perspective, we argue how the theory has developed through research cycles including both theory-then-(empirical-)research and (empirical-)research-then-theory strategies spanning over a decade; both theoretical statements and related empirical evidence are included. Conclusion: The resulting theory provides descriptions and explanations for many phenomena observed in Software Engineering and in the combination of software with other technologies, and embodies analytic, explanatory and predictive properties. There are however acknowledged limitations and current research to overcome them is outlined.
Refractive index and axial distance measurements in 3-D microscopy

We use a simple geometrical model to show that when a converging wave is focused into a dielectric object, the axial movement of the object stage is not followed by the focus. This has important consequences for depth measurements in 3-dimensional microscopy. It was found for objects immersed in a watery solution that the apparent axial dimension can be up to three times larger than the actual size
Non-Identical Neutron Star Twins

The work of J. A. Wheeler in the mid 1960's showed that for smooth equations of state no stable stellar configurations with central densities above that corresponding to the limiting mass of ``neutron stars'' (in the generic sense) were stable against acoustical vibrational modes. A perturbation would cause any such star to collapse to a black hole or explode. Accordingly, there has been no reason to expect that a stable degenerate family of stars with higher density than the known white dwarfs and neutron stars might exist. We have found a class of exceptions corresponding to certain equations of state that describe a first order phase transition. We discuss how such a higher density family of stars could be formed in nature, and how the promising new exploration of oscillations in the X-ray brightness of accreting neutron stars might provide a means of identifying them. Our proof of the possible existence of a third family of degenerate stars is one of principle and rests on general principles like causality, microstability of matter and General Relativity.
Time-domain inspiral templates for spinning compact binaries in quasi-circular orbits described by their orbital angular momenta

We present a prescription to compute the time-domain gravitational wave (GW) polarization states associated with spinning compact binaries inspiraling along quasi-circular orbits. We invoke the orbital angular momentum L rather than its Newtonian counterpart LN to describe the binary orbits while the two spin vectors are freely specified in an inertial frame associated with the initial direction of the total angular momentum. We show that the use of L to describe the orbits leads to additional 1.5PN order amplitude contributions to the two GW polarization states compared to the LN-based approach and discuss few implications of our approach. Furthermore, we provide a plausible prescription for GW phasing based on certain theoretical considerations and which may be treated as the natural circular limit to GW phasing for spinning compact binaries in inspiraling eccentric orbits (Gopakumar A and Schäfer G 2011 Phys. Rev. D 84 124007).
Culture Theory and Lifestyle Segmentation”

This manuscript compares traditional (AKA quantitative), and Consumer Culture Theory (AKA qualitative), approaches to lifestyle segmentation. We find five key differences: (1) While traditional segmentation aims for brevity, CCT adds more detail; (2) Traditional approaches focus on common brand meanings, whereas CCT examines how meanings differ for different consumers; (3) Traditional favors quantitative methods, while CCT favors qualitative research; (4) While traditional group labels tend to remain obscure, like PRISM’s “belongers”, CCT favors familiar lifestyle groups; (5) Traditional lifestyle segmentation favors the descriptive, whereas CCT emphasizes theory development. Managerial implications are discussed.
Automatic Generation of Video Descriptions Using DenseNet

: The kslab team participated in TRECVID 2021 on the Video to Text (VTT) task. In the previous research, ResNet has been used for feature extraction. However, misrecognition of subjects can cause a decline in the precision of output sentences. This study aims to improve the recognition accuracy by using DenseNet for feature extraction instead. Although the accuracy improved, the output of the sentences was too similar to captions in the training data. Further improvements to this model in terms of the training dataset and the sentence aggregation method are pursued by the authors to solve this problem.
Temporal variability of tropospheric ozone and ozone profiles in the Korean Peninsula during the East Asian summer monsoon: insights from multiple measurements and reanalysis datasets

Abstract. We investigate the temporal variations of ground-level ozone and balloon-based ozone profiles at Pohang (36.02∘ N, 129.23∘ E) in the Korean Peninsula. Satellite measurements and chemical reanalysis products are also intercompared to address their capability of providing consistent information on the temporal and vertical variability of atmospheric ozone. Sub-seasonal variations of the summertime lower-tropospheric ozone exhibit a bimodal pattern related to atmospheric weather patterns modulated by the East Asian monsoon circulation. The peak ozone abundances occur during the pre-summer monsoon with enhanced ozone formation due to favorable meteorological conditions (dry and sunny). Ozone concentrations reach their minimum during the summer monsoon and then re-emerge in autumn before the winter monsoon arrives. Profile measurements indicate that ground-level ozone is vertically mixed up to 400 hPa in summer, while the impact of the summer monsoon on ozone dilution is found up to 600 hPa. Compared to satellite measurements, reanalysis products largely overestimate ozone abundances in both the troposphere and stratosphere and give inconsistent features of temporal variations. Nadir-viewing measurements from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) slightly underestimate the boundary layer ozone but represent the bimodal peaks of ozone in the lower troposphere and the interannual changes in the lower-tropospheric ozone in August well, with higher ozone concentrations during strong El Niño events and low ozone concentrations during the 2020 La Niña event.
Comparative asymptotics for discrete semiclassical orthogonal polynomials

We study the ratio P n ( x ; z ) φ n ( x ) asymptotically as n → ∞ , where the polynomials P n ( x ; z ) are orthogonal with respect to a discrete linear functional and φ n ( x ) denote the falling factorial polynomials. We give recurrences that allow the computation of high order asymptotic expansions of P n ( x ; z ) and give examples for most discrete semiclassical polynomials of class s ≤ 2 . We show several plots illustrating the accuracy of our results.
Inverse projection techniques : old and new approaches

Reflections on Inverse Projection: Its Origins, Development, Extensions, and Relation to Forecasting. - Inverse Projection: Fine-Tuning and Expanding the Method. - Using Information on the Age Distribution of Deaths in Population Reconstruction: An Extension of Inverse Projection with Applications. - The Stochastic Inverse Projection and the Population of Velletri (1590-1870). - Testing Inverse Projection, Differentiated Inverse Projection and Stochastic Inverse Projection: A Reconstruction of the Population of Sardinia between 1861 and 1921 Using Three Different Techniques. - Comparing the Results from Generalised Inverse Projection and Stochastic Inverse Projection. - Cohort Reproduction Patterns in Small Italian Towns: Results from Stochastic Inverse Projection. - Malthusian Checks: An Investigation into Sufficiency Conditions, Long-Term Dynamics and Implications for Inverse Projections.
Universality in the random matrix spectra in the regime of weak non-hermiticity

Le spectre complexe des matrices aleatoires est etudie dans le regime de faible non hermiticite. Les matrices que nous considerons ont la forme H 1 + iH 2 , ou H 1 et H 2 sont hermitiennes et statistiquement independantes. Dans la premiere partie nous considerons le cas de matrices H 1,2 avec entrees independantes et identiquement distribuees. Pour ces matrices, la limite de faible non hermiticite est definie par la condition dans la limite des grandes tailles (ici N =dimension des matrices). Nous montrons que dans ce regime, la distribution des valeurs propres complexes de H 1 + iH 2 est dictee par les symetries globales de H 1,2 , mais, a part cela, est universelle, c'est-a-dire independante de la loi de distribution des entrees. Notre preuve heuristique s'appuie sur les techniques supersymetriques et s'etend aussi aux ensembles statistiques invariants de H 1,2 . Dans la deuxieme partie de l'article, nous etudions les matrices complexes gaussiennes dans le regime de faible non-hermiticite. Utilisant la technique rigoureuse des polygones orthogonaux, nous trouvons les fonctions de correlations des valeurs propres. Ceci nous permet d'obtenir diverses statistiques explicites de valeurs propres. Elles decrivent la transition entre le cas hermitien, caracterise par les statistiques de Wigner-Dyson, et le cas fortement non hermitien etudie par Ginibre. Les mesures statistiques a deux points comme le facteur de forme spectrale, la variance du nombre et le comportement a courte distance de la distribution d'ecarts de niveaux p(s), sont etudiees en detail. En particulier, nous montrons que p(s) s 5/2 , un comportement inhabituel, dans certains domaines de parametres.
Multigene phylogeny of reef lobsters of the family Enoplometopidae (Decapoda: Crustacea)

ABSTRACT The reef lobsters of the family Enoplometopidae de Saint Laurent, 1988 are attractive marine aquarium pets but the generic assignments have been controversial. Molecular phylogeny using five genetic markers (three mitochondrial and two nuclear) on 11 of the 12 species known in the family successfully reconstructed a robust phylogenetic tree for the reef lobsters with two well-supported groups. The genus Hoplometopus Holthuis, 1983 is revived but with diagnostic characters revised and H. voigtmanni (Türkay, 1989) should be treated as a synonym of H. holthuisi (Gordon, 1968). Four synapomorphies are identified in Enoplometopidae, including the number of the intermediate and postcervical teeth on the carapace, the shape of abdominal pleura and the spination of the palm of large chelipeds. Fossil calibration and ancestral range reconstruction analyses suggested that reef lobsters had a Tethyan deeper water origin and emerged during the Cretaceous period. Enoplometopus s.s. was relatively primitive, whereas Hoplometopus diverged in the Central Indo-Pacific in the Upper Cretaceous and later crossed the Mediterranean into the Atlantic. Overall the family Enoplometopidae mainly speciated in the Central Indo-Pacific, and actively re-occupied shallow-water habitats and invaded temperate regions.
Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis in Germany from a Health Economic View—A Propensity Score Matched Analysis

Background: Hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) are deemed medically equivalent for therapy of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and reimbursed by the German statutory health insurance (SHI). However, although the home dialysis modality PD is associated with higher patient autonomy than HD, for unknown reasons, PD uptake is low in Germany. Hence, we compared HD with PD regarding health economic outcomes, particularly costs, as potentially relevant factors for the predominance of HD. Methods: Claims data from two German health insurance funds were analysed in a retrospective cohort study regarding the prevalence of HD and PD in 2013–2016. Propensity score matching created comparable HD and PD groups (n = 436 each). Direct annual health care costs were compared. A sensitivity analysis included a comparison of different matching techniques and consideration of transportation costs. Additionally, hospitalisation and survival were investigated using Poisson regression and Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: Total direct annual average costs were higher for HD (€47,501) than for PD (€46,235), but not significantly (p = 0.557). The additional consideration of transportation costs revealed an annual cost advantage of €7000 for PD. HD and PD differed non-significantly in terms of hospitalisation and survival rates (p = 0.610/p = 0.207). Conclusions: PD has a slight non-significant cost advantage over HD, especially when considering transportation costs.
Measuring the temperature and profiles of Ly α absorbers

The distribution of the absorption line broadening observed in the Ly α forest carries information about the temperature, T, and widths, λF, of the filaments in the intergalactic medium (IGM), and the background hydrogen photoionization rate, $\Gamma _{\rm H\, \small {I}}$. In this work, we present and test a new method for inferring T and λF and $\Gamma _{\rm H\, \small {I}}$ from combining the distribution of the absorption line broadening and the median flux. The method accounts for any underlying degeneracies. We apply our method to mock spectra from the reference model of the EAGLE cosmological simulation, and we demonstrate that we are able to reconstruct the IGM properties.
Cerebral venous thrombosis in Latin America: A critical review of risk factors, clinical and radiological characteristics

Background Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare disease that frequently occurs in young women of childbearing age, with variable clinical presentation in regions with limited access to diagnostic imaging or specialized neurological care. In the last decade, there has been an increase in the number of studies on CVT in Latin America, which may contribute to a better epidemiological description of the disease in this region and, consequently, its early diagnosis. Objectives Our study aims to review the risk factors, clinical and radiological characteristics of CVT in Latin America, being critically compared with data from world literature. Methods PubMed, ScienceDirect, BVS, and Scopus were searched to identify studies reporting CVT in Latin American countries published up to July 2022. We excluded case reports and case series reporting <5 patients later in the final analysis. Results We identified a total of 3714 studies and 26 qualified for the quantitative analysis, which described 1486 cases of CVT. Headache was the most frequent symptom (82.1%) and the use of oral contraceptives in women was the main risk factor (46.7%). The transverse sinus was the most frequent location of the thrombus (52%). The treatment used most in the acute phase was heparin (88.5%) and oral anticoagulation was widely used at hospital discharge (67.8%). The mortality was low (6.5%), and most patients achieved complete recovery (75.3%). Conclusion Despite considerable dissimilarities in studies between countries, particularities were identified in the risk factors of CVT in Latin America compared to other regions of the world.
Constraints on the Distance Moduli, Helium, and Metal Abundances, and Ages of Globular Clusters from Their RR Lyrae and Non-variable Horizontal Branch Stars. II. Multiple Stellar Populations in 47 Tuc, M3, and M13

We present a new set of horizontal branch (HB) models computed with the MESA stellar evolution code. The models adopt α-enhanced Asplund et al. metal mixtures and include the gravitational settling of He. They are used in our HB population synthesis tool to generate theoretical distributions of HB stars in order to describe the multiple stellar populations in the globular clusters 47 Tuc, M3, and M13. The observed HB in 47 Tuc is reproduced very well by our simulations for and if the initial helium mass fraction varies by , and approximately 21%, 37%, and 42% of the stars have , 0.270, and 0.287, respectively. These simulations yield , implying an age near 13.0 Gyr. In the case of M3 and M13, our synthetic HBs for and match the observed ones quite well if M3 has and , resulting in an age of 12.6 Gyr, whereas M13 has and , implying an age of 12.9 Gyr. Mass loss during giant branch evolution and appear to be the primary second parameters for M3 and M13. New observations for seven of the nine known RR Lyrae in M13 are also reported. Surprisingly, periods predicted for the c-type variables tend to be too high (by up to ∼0.1 days).
Edge shear flows and particle transport near the density limit of the HL-2A tokamak

Edge shear flow and its effect on regulating turbulent transport have long been suspected to play an important role in plasmas operating near the Greenwald density limit nG. In this study, equilibrium profiles as well as the turbulent particle flux and Reynolds stress across the separatrix in the HL-2A tokamak are examined as nG is approached in ohmic L-mode discharges. As the normalized line-averaged density n¯e/nG is raised, the shearing rate of the mean poloidal flow ωsh drops, and the turbulent drive for the low-frequency zonal flow (the Reynolds power PRe) collapses. Correspondingly, the turbulent particle transport increases drastically with increasing collision rates. The geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) gain more energy from the ambient turbulence at higher densities, but have smaller shearing rate than low-frequency zonal flows. The increased density also introduces decreased adiabaticity which not only enhances the particle transport but is also related to reduction in the eddy-tilting and the Reynolds power. Both effects may lead to cooling of edge plasmas and therefore the onset of MHD instabilities that limit the plasma density.
Using atomic interference to probe atom-surface interactions

We show that atomic interference in the reflection from two suitably polarized evanescent waves is sensitive to retardation effects in the atom-surface interaction for specific experimental parameters. We study the limit of short and long atomic de Broglie wavelengths. The former case is analyzed in the semiclassical approximation (Landau-Zener model). The latter represents a quantum regime and is analyzed by solving numerically the associated coupled Schr\"odinger equations. We consider a specific experimental scheme and show the results for rubidium (short wavelength) and the much lighter metastable helium atom (long wavelength). The merits of each case are then discussed.