Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unconventional logic for massively parallel reasoning

In this paper, unconventional logic for massive-parallel reasoning is introduced and two examples of simulating natural processes by means of this logic are regarded: chemical (Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction) and biological (dynamics of plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum). In unconventional logic well-formed formulas are defined as streams and there are possible so-called wave sets of formulas (where all members are non-well-founded). This way of simulating is much simpler in applications of unconventional computing than sequential thinking.
Input-Driven Reconfiguration for Area and Performance Adaption of Reconfigurable Accelerators

Attaching a reconfigurable loop accelerator to a processor for improving the performance and the efficiency of the system, which can be further enhanced by unrolling the loop to change its parallelism in a better way, is a promising development. The more a loop is unrolled, the wider the reconfigurable area that is exposed. However, the utilization of a loop accelerator is highly linked with the input. Also, in some situations, one will be wasting area to overunroll the loop. With a focus on the area and the performance balance, this paper proposes a dynamically adaptive reconfigurable accelerator framework for the processor/RL architecture. In the framework, reconfiguration of the accelerator is driven by the input. An accelerator selection model is presented for selecting an accelerator at run time among the predefined input patterns. Also, with the help of a detailed illustration of a bzip2 case study, experimental results were provided for the feasibility of the approach, which showed that up to 69.21% reconfigurable area is saved at a cost of 2.63% performance slowdown in the best case.
Challenges faced by parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder

Few studies address the daily challenges faced by parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. This article reports on a qualitative interview study with 20 parents exploring their experiences, challenges faced, and what has helped them to cope. A thematic analysis of the data identified five core categories: Dealing with challenging behaviour; dealing with judgements from others; lack of support; impact upon the family; coping and the importance of appropriate support. The findings emphasize where the parents themselves believe they still require additional support. It raises key strategies and resources that parents have found helpful.
Wage Indexation and Discretionary Monetary Policy

Since the early 1970's, both academic researchers and policymakers have devoted considerable attention to the macroeconomic effects of wage indexation. However, these two groups have focused on different effects. Starting with Jo Anna Gray (1976) and Stanley Fischer (1977a), formal models emphasize the role of indexation in stabilizing or destabilizing output. In contrast, informal policy discussions usually focus on the allegation that indexation is inflationary (e.g., Arthur Okun, 1971; Mario Simonsen, 1983; Eliana Cardoso and Rudiger Dornbusch, 1987). To reduce this gap, this paper presents a model of the effects of indexation on inflation and asks whether indexation raises economic welfare when these effects are taken into account. Until recently it was difficult to formalize the argument that indexation is inflationary, because economists lacked models of the sources of inflation. This paper applies the insight of Robert Barro and David Gordon (1983a) that, with discretionary policy, the employment gains from surprise inflation tempt the monetary authority to create positive trend inflation. As stressed by Fischer and Lawrence Summers (1989), policies that reduce the costs of inflation, such as indexation, cause Barro-Gordon policymakers to choose higher inflation. Indeed, inflation can rise so much that welfare falls despite greater protection against inflation. This effect is appealing because it captures the common argument that indexation weakens policymakers' will to fight inflation.1 This is not the end of the story, however, because wage indexation has a second effect: it reduces the employment effects of surprise inflation. That is, unlike most policies to reduce the costs of inflation, such as indexation of interest rates, wage indexation steepens the Phillips curve. In the BarroGordon model, a steeper Phillips curve reduces the temptation to inflate and hence reduces equilibrium inflation. Since indexation has one inflationary effect (lower costs of inflation) and one anti-inflationary effect (a steeper Phillips curve), the net effect appears ambiguous. Even if the net effect on inflation is determined, the welfare effect may remain unclear: if inflation rises, the welfare loss might or might not be outweighed by the lower cost of a given amount of inflation.2 These ambiguities cannot be resolved with the Barro-Gordon model alone, because the Phillips curve and the effect of inflation on welfare are ad hoc. It is plausible that indexation affects these relations, but the relative strengths of the effects are unclear. Resolving the ambiguities requires a more structural model in which the effects of indexation are derived, rather than assumed. This paper studies such a model; specifically, we use a model of staggered wagesetting based on Gray (1976), Fischer (1977a, b), and John Taylor (1980). The degree of indexation is an explicit parameter, and so we can derive its net effects on inflation and welfare. Section I of this paper presents our basic model and derives equilibrium inflation in
L infinity Isotonic Regression for Linear, Multidimensional, and Tree Orders

Algorithms are given for determining $L_\infty$ isotonic regression of weighted data. For a linear order, grid in multidimensional space, or tree, of $n$ vertices, optimal algorithms are given, taking $\Theta(n)$ time. These improve upon previous algorithms by a factor of $\Omega(\log n)$. For vertices at arbitrary positions in $d$-dimensional space a $\Theta(n \log^{d-1} n)$ algorithm employs iterative sorting to yield the functionality of a multidimensional structure while using only $\Theta(n)$ space. The algorithms utilize a new non-constructive feasibility test on a rendezvous graph, with bounded error envelopes at each vertex.
AutomationML - the glue for seamless automation engineering

This contribution presents the basic architecture of the neutral data format AutomationML developed by the companies Daimler, ABB, Siemens, Rockwell, Kuka, Zuhlke, netAllied and the universities of Magdeburg and Karlsruhe. AutomationML serves for the data exchange between manufacturing engineering tools and therefore supports the interoperability between them. It covers information about the plant structure (topology and geometry) and the plant behaviour (logic and kinematics). The first version of AutomationML has been presented at the Hannover fair in 2008.
Improving handwritten keyword spotting with self-training

Keyword spotting is the task of retrieving all instances of a given keyword in a set of documents. In the current paper we consider the problem of keyword spotting in handwritten text. This is a difficult problem due to the great variety of different writing styles. Recently, learning based keyword spotting systems have been shown to outperform traditional approaches, at the cost of requiring large amounts of training data. The training data need to be manually labeled, which is tedious and time-consuming. In this paper we propose to exploit unlabeled data via semi-supervised learning to reduce the need for labeled data when training a keyword spotting system. We demonstrate, on historic as well as modern handwritten text, that the performance of a learning based keyword spotting system can be dramatically increased using this approach.
Agile development: issues and avenues requiring a substantial enhancement of the business perspective in large projects

Large-scale projects, are often delivering low value software to businesses due to stakeholders' misunderstanding. Evolutionary software development represents an alternative to plan-driven development in order to tackle today's turbulent environments. In agile development, a type of evolutionary development, the product owner (P.O.) who is the customer representative---real accountable role---is ill-equipped to identify and prioritize the stakeholders' most success-critical expectations and potential sources of business value. Furthermore, the tools he can use have their own scalability issues that question their underlying principles. Moreover, without a substantial involvement to take into account all stakeholders, software providers are more likely acting as commodity-utility providers than real business partners. In today's business context, there is a clear need for a value-driven development which embraces changes along with higher visibility and understanding of business transformations. The current problems of software crisis could be condensed in a twofold business perspective dilemma: Doing the right product and providing efficient guidance to the development project. Approaches based on goals have been successfully used in Requirements Engineering (RE) and IT governance to address issues similar to the current software crisis. Commonalities in motivations behind the use of goals in both domains can open new avenues for improving the business perspective in Scrum. A goal-value oriented approach is then proposed as a candidate approach to balance the stakeholders' needs and expectations for large-scale agile developments and ensure focus on delivering high value functionalities.
Identification of stop codon readthrough genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

We specifically sought genes within the yeast genome controlled by a non-conventional translation mechanism involving the stop codon. For this reason, we designed a computer program using the yeast database genomic regions, and seeking two adjacent open reading frames separated only by a unique stop codon (called SORFs). Among the 58 SORFs identified, eight displayed a stop codon bypass level ranging from 3 to 25%. For each of the eight sequences, we demonstrated the presence of a poly(A) mRNA. Using isogenic [PSI+] and [psi–] yeast strains, we showed that for two of the sequences the mechanism used is a bona fide readthrough. However, the six remaining sequences were not sensitive to the PSI state, indicating either a translation termination process independent of eRF3 or a new stop codon bypass mechanism. Our results demonstrate that the presence of a stop codon in a large ORF may not always correspond to a sequencing error, or a pseudogene, but can be a recoding signal in a functional gene. This emphasizes that genome annotation should take into account the fact that recoding signals could be more frequently used than previously expected.
The economics of training

Part 1 Introduction: theory and methodology training in the UK. Part 2 The economic theories of training: the human capital idea critics of human capital. Part 3 The human capital model: the two period labour market model the determination of the training wage the supply of trainees job rationing with fixed wages job rationing with endogenous wages the effect of an increased training subsidy. Part 4 Transactions costs and contracts: the transactions cost model contracts and human capital implicit contracts signalling and screening. Part 5 Information signalling and screening: asymmetric information the spence model information and training. Part 6 Structure and efficiency: internal and occupational labour markets labour market segmentation efficiency wages unions and training. Part 7 Empirical studies and human capital theory: measuring human capital wage equations and the return on human capital measuring the effect of training programmes signalling and screening experimental data training and occupations. Part 8 Survey evidence: the survey methodology evidence on training in th UK. Part 9 Market failure and UK training policy: theory alternative training strategies. Part 10 International training comparisons: training systems strategic differences in training systems training and productivity the youth labour market intermediate skills education and training the VET system in Germany. Conclusions: training in an international context UK training policy.
Flocking of subpopulations in distributed genetic programming

The distribution of the genetic programming algorithm improves the efficiency of the search for the solution, but additional parameters of this distribution are undesirable. This paper presents the analysis of early experimental results of using flocking to control interactions among the distributed subpopulations so less human intervention is needed The possibility to set up migration parameters dynamically at the run time brings the distributed genetic programming algorithm to the same level of automation as standard genetic programming while keeping the increased performance of the distributed GP. The paper discusses the nature of the required additional computations of the GP algorithm when adapting flocking for migration control. The positive empirical results support the idea of mixing both search techniques together.
Conduction and block by organic cations in a K+-selective channel from sarcoplasmic reticulum incorporated into planar phospholipid bilayers

A collection of organic cations has been used to probe the gross structural features of the ionic diffusion pathway in a K+-selective channel from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Channels were incorporated into planar phospholipid bilayer membranes, and single-channel currents were measured in the presence of ammonium-derived cations in the aqueous phases. Small monovalent organic cations are able to permeate the channel: the channel conductance drops sharply for cations having molecular cross sections larger than 18-20 A2. Impermeant or poorly permeant cations such as tetraethylammonium, choline, and glucosamine, among others, block K+ conduction through the channel. This block is voltage dependent and can be described by a one-site, one-ion blocking scheme. 19 monovalent organic cations blocks primarily from the trans side of the membrane (the side defined as zero voltage), and much more weakly, if at all, from the cis side (to which SR vesicles are added). These blockers all appear to interact with a site located at 63% (average value) of the electric potential drop measured from the trans side. Furthermore, block by 1,3-bis[tris(hydroxymethyl)-methylamino] propane (BTP) shows that the presence of a blocking ion increases the duration of the apparent open state, as expected for a scheme in which the blocking site can be reached only when the channel is open. The results lead to a picture of the channel containing a wide (at least 50 A2) nonselective trans entry in series with a narrow (20 A2) constriction.
Output feedback control of switched systems: Instrumental matrix method

A new and simple approach to design output feedback controllers for switched systems is proposed in this paper. The bilinear inequality including Lyapunov matrix and output feedback gain matrix is decoupled by introducing additional instrumental matrix variable. Combined with multiple Lyapunov function method, the bilinear inequality is transformed into linear matrix inequality (LMI). The sufficient conditions of, under designed switching signal, asymptotical stability of closed-loop switched system via static and dynamic output feedback are presented, respectively. The proposed conditions do not require the decomposition of Lyapunov matrix and its inverse matrix and fix the structure of Lyapunov matrix. The theoretical results are verified by means of an example.
Quantitative Extensions of the Condorcet Jury Theorem with Strategic Agents

The Condorcet Jury Theorem justifies the wisdom of crowds and lays the foundations of the ideology of the democratic regime. However, the Jury Theorem and most of its extensions focus on two alternatives and none of them quantitatively evaluate the effect of agents’ strategic behavior on the mechanism’s truth-revealing power. We initiate a research agenda of quantitatively extend- ing the Jury Theorem with strategic agents by characterizing the price of anarchy (PoA) and the price of stability (PoS) of the common interest Bayesian voting games for three classes of mechanisms: plurality, MAPs, and the mechanisms that satisfy anonymity, neutrality, and strategy-proofness (w.r.t. a set of natural probabil- ity models). We show that while plurality and MAPs have better best-case truth-revealing power (lower PoS), the third class of mechanisms are more robust against agents’ strategic behavior (lower PoA).
Tinnitus Research – Tinnitus and “ Hidden Hearing Loss ”

In most cases, tinnitus is associated with hearing loss, but around 10% of tinnitus patients do have a normal audiogram. In our latest study, we have provided physiological evidence that these patients might have “hidden hearing loss”, i.e. cochlear damage that is not detected by hearing threshold measurements. Using a computer model of tinnitus, we could further demonstrate that one common mechanism can explain the development of tinnitus after “normal” and “hidden” hearing loss. We believe that this is a significant step towards understanding tinnitus.
Analysis of Chromosomal Aberrations and FLT3 gene Mutations in Childhood Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Patients

Objective: To identify the well-known common translocations and FLT3 mutations in childhood acute myelogenousleukemia (AML) patients in Turkey. Material and Methods: The study included 50 newly diagnosed patients in which t(15;17), t(8;21), and inv(16)chromosomal translocations were identified using real-time PCR and FLT3 gene mutations were identified via direct PCR amplification PCR-RE analysis. Results: In all, t(15;17) chromosomal aberrations were observed in 4 patients (8.0%), t(8;21) chromosomal aberrationswere observed in 12 patients (24.0%), inv(16) chromosomal aberrations were observed in 3 patients (6.0%), and FLT3-ITD mutations were observed in 2 patients (4.0%); FLT3-D835 point mutation heterozygosity was observed in only 1patient (2.0%) patient. Conclusion: Despite of the known literature, a patient with FLT3-ITD and FLT3-D835 double mutation shows a bettersurvival and this might be due to the complementation effect of the t(15;17) translocation. The reportedmutation ratein this article (4%) of FLT3 gene seems to be one of the first results for Turkish population.
A survey of two-dimensional graph layout techniques for information visualisation

Many algorithms for graph layout have been devised over the last 30 years spanning both the graph drawing and information visualisation communities. This article first reviews the advances made in the field of graph drawing that have then often been applied by the information visualisation community. There then follows a discussion of a range of techniques developed specifically for graph visualisations. Graph drawing algorithms are categorised into the following approaches: force-directed layouts, the use of dimension reduction in graph layout and computational improvements including multi-level techniques. Methods developed specifically for graph visualisation often make use of node-attributes and are categorised based on whether the attributes are used to introduce constraints to the layout, provide a clustered view or define an explicit representation in two-dimensional space. The similarities and distinctions between these techniques are examined and the aim is to provide a detailed assessment of currently available graph layout techniques, specifically how they can be used by visualisation practitioners, and to motivate further research in the area.
An Axiomatization of Well Branching Prime Event Structures an Axiomatization of Well Branching Prime Event Structures

We develop a tense logic for reasoning about the occurrences of events in a sub-class of prime event structures called well branching event structures. The well branching property ensures that two events being in connict can always be traced back | via the causality relation | to two events being in minimal connict. Two events are in minimal connict if they are in connict and their \uniied" past is connict-free. Thus the minimal connict relation captures the branching points of the computations supported by the event structure. Our logical language has explicit modalities for talking about causality, connict, concurrency and minimal connict. We deene the semantics of this logic using well branching event structures as Kripke frames. Our main result is a sound and complete axiomatization of the valid formulas over the chosen class of frames.
Optimisation d'un filtre particulaire en contexte track-before-detect

Dans cet article, nous nous interessons a la detection et au pistage d'une cible en contexte Track-Before-Detect (TBD). Nous proposons ici un filtre particulaire efficace, fonde sur le choix d'une loi instrumentale pertinente motivee par des considerations de detection radar et permettant un gain significatif par rapport aux lois classiquement utilisees dans la litterature, notamment en terme de rapidite de convergence du filtre pour la detection. Nous determinons egalement un nombre minimal de particules requis pour garantir des performances de detection interessantes.
Uniform ergodic theorems on subshifts over a finite alphabet

We investigate uniform ergodic type theorems for almost additive and subadditive functions on a subshift over a finite alphabet. We show that every uniquely ergodic subshift admits a uniform ergodic theorem for Banach-space-valued almost additive functions. We then give a necessary and sufficient condition on a minimal subshift to allow for a uniform subadditive ergodic theorem. This provides, in particular, a sufficient condition for unique ergodicity.
Advances in the Discovery of cis-Regulatory Elements

Discovery of transcription regulatory elements has been an enormous challenge, both to biologists and computational scientists. Over the last three decades, significant progress has been achieved by various laboratories around the world. Earlier, laborious experimental methods were used to detect one or handful of elements at a time. With recent advances in DNA sequencing technology, many completed genomes became available. High throughput biological techniques and computational methods emerged. Comparative genomic approaches and their integration with microarray gene expression data provided promising results. In this review, we discuss the development of technology to decipher the complex transcription regulation system with a focus on the discovery of cis-regulatory elements in eukaryotes.
The Tipping Point: The Relationship Between Volume and Patient Harm

This study purports to show the relationship between volume and patient harm due to health care error. Using 5 measures of volume and incident reports weighted for patient harm over the course of 515 days, it is shown that increased volume is related to increased harm to patients. As the number of areas in the hospital experiencing high volume increased, the likelihood of patients sustaining serious harm because of health care error also increased. This is attributed to reaching system capacity causing support services (ie, lab, pharmacy, radiology, housekeeping and engineering) to be overwhelmed and unable to keep up with requests from caregivers. (Am J Med Qual 2008;23:336-341)