Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gene expression of group II phospholipase A2 in intestine in Crohn's disease

OBJECTIVE:Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) has been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. Our aim was to identify cells that express group II phospholipase A2 (PLA2-II) at the mRNA and enzyme protein levels in the intestine in Crohn's disease.METHODS:Tissue samples were obtained from the intestine of 20 patients with Crohn's disease (seven operated and 13 colonoscopied) and from eight control patients without inflammatory diseases. The samples were studied by immunohistochemistry for PLA2-II enzyme protein and in situ hybridization for PLA2-II mRNA.RESULTS:PLA2-II protein and mRNA were detected in the Paneth cells of the small intestinal mucosa in all patients and controls. PLA2-II protein and mRNA were found in the columnar epithelial cells of the small intestinal mucosa in six of eight and eight of eight patients with Crohn's ileitis, respectively. In the eight control patients PLA2-II protein and mRNA were not found in these cells (p= 0.007 and p < 0.001, respectively). Metaplastic Paneth cells, which consistently contained PLA2-II mRNA, were found in the colonic mucosa in five of six patients with Crohn's colitis and of one of eight control patients (p= 0.026). The columnar epithelial cells of the colonic mucosa contained PLA2-II protein in three of six and PLA2-II mRNA in six of six patients with Crohn's colitis, whereas the protein was found in these cells in none of eight of the controls (p= 0.055) and the mRNA in only one of eight (p= 0.005) controls.CONCLUSIONS:In Crohn's disease, Paneth cells and columnar epithelial cells of the small and large intestinal mucosa synthesize PLA2-II at the site of active inflammation.
An optimal two stage identification algorithm for Hammerstein-Wiener nonlinear systems

An optimal two stage identification algorithm is presented for Hammerstein-Wiener systems where two static nonlinear elements surround a linear block. The proposed algorithm consists of two steps: The first one is the recursive least squares and the second one is the singular value decomposition of two matrices whose dimensions are fixed and do not increase as the number of the data point increases. Moreover, the algorithm is shown to be convergent in the absence of noise and convergent with probability one in the presence of white noise.
A Distributed Power-Saving Framework for LTE HetNets Exploiting Almost Blank Subframes

Almost blank subframes (ABSs) have been defined in LTE as a means to coordinate transmissions in heterogeneous networks (HetNets), composed of macro and micro eNodeBs: the macro issues ABS periods, and refrains from transmitting during ABSs, thus creating interference-free subframes for the micros. Micros report their capacity demands to the macro via the X2 interface, and the latter provisions the ABS period accordingly. Existing algorithms for ABS provisioning usually share resources proportionally among HetNet nodes in a long-term perspective (e.g., based on traffic forecast). We argue instead that this mechanism can be exploited to save power in the HetNet: in fact, during ABSs, the macro consumes less power, since it only transmits pilot signals. Dually, the micros may inhibit data transmission themselves in some subframes, and optimally decide when to do this based on knowledge of the ABS period. This allows us to define a power saving framework that works in the short term, modifying the ABS pattern at the fastest possible pace, serving the HetNet traffic at reduced power cost. Our framework is designed using only standard signaling. Simulations show that the algorithm consumes less power than its competitors, especially, at low loads, and improves the UE QoS.
Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus epidermidis in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit over a Three-Year Period

ABSTRACT Coagulase-negative staphylococci, especially Staphylococcus epidermidis, are increasingly important nosocomial pathogens, particularly in critically ill neonates. A 3-year prospective surveillance of nosocomial infections in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) was performed by traditional epidemiologic methods as well as molecular typing of microorganisms. The aims of the study were (i) to quantify the impact of S. epidermidis on NICU-acquired infections, (ii) to establish if these infections are caused by endemic clones or by incidentally occurring bacterial strains of this ubiquitous species, (iii) to evaluate the use of different methods for the epidemiologic typing of the isolates, and (iv) to characterize the occurrence and the spread of staphylococci with decreased glycopeptide susceptibility. Results confirmed that S. epidermidis is one of the leading causes of NICU-acquired infections and that the reduced glycopeptide susceptibility, if investigated by appropriate detection methods such as population analysis, is more common than is currently realized. Typing of isolates, which can be performed effectively through molecular techniques such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis but not through antibiograms, showed that many of these infections are due to clonal dissemination and, thus, are potentially preventable by strict adherence to recommended infection control practices and the implementation of programs aimed toward the reduction of the unnecessary use of antibiotics. These strategies are also likely to have a significant impact on the frequency of the reduced susceptibility of staphylococci to glycopeptides, since this phenomenon appears to be determined either by more resistant clones transmitted from patient to patient or, to a lesser extent, by strains that become more resistant as a result of antibiotic pressure.
A Note on Income Smoothing in the Chemical Industry

Gordon [11] and Monsen and Downs [15] have argued that corporate managers may be motivated to smooth their firm's reported profits in an effort to maximize their own income (or security). This argument assumes that stability in income and rate of growth will be preferred over higher average income streams with greater variability [11, pp. 261-62; 15, pp. 225, 232, and 236]. The first empirical study of this income smoothing assumption was reported by Gordon, Horwitz, and Meyers, in which they investigated the effects of the investment credit treatment for 21 firms in the chemical industry. The results of this study and several subsequent studies were not conclusive. ' More recently, Cushing [4] and Simpson [17] have presented evidence that suggests that some corporate managers use accounting policies which present results most favorable to them. In this study the incidence of income smoothing in the chemical industry is reexamined using in the test alternative ways to smooth income than the method investigated by Gordon, et al. The results obtained are also considered to be consistent with the smoothing assumption.
External governance, convention ratification and monitoring: The EU, the ILO and labour standards in EU accession countries

This article presents an empirical analysis of the factors associated with trends in labour standards, in EU accession countries, using a new dataset of labour rights. It focuses on ratification of the ILO’s fundamental conventions, EU monitoring and ILO monitoring. It describes the similarities and differences between the two monitoring schemes and evaluates their roles in shaping labour rights. Generalized estimating equation analysis shows that EU monitoring is positively associated with improved labour rights while ILO monitoring is not. The results further indicate that ratification of ILO fundamental Conventions is positively associated with labour rights protection. The article returns to the notion of external governance to suggest possible explanations for these findings.
Podobnosť ponukových a dopytových šokov v Európskej Únii a v pristupujúcich krajinách (implikácie pre Českú republiku a Slovensko)

In this contribution, we compare the correlation of supply and demand shocks for the countries of the euro zone and the acceding countries in Central Europe. Demand and supply shocks are recovered from estimated structural VAR models of output growth and inflation in individual countries. We find that Poland and Hungary face already a comparably high similarity with the countries of the current euro zone. However, the remaining countries show still significant differences in business cycles as compared to the euro zone. This is likely to indicate that the loss of monetary sovereignty may be costly. In turn, the integration is expected to align the business cycles of these countries in the medium run. We document a similar development for the countries of the European Union in the 1990s.
Darwinian Evolution Can Follow Only Very Few Mutational Paths to Fitter Proteins

Five point mutations in a particular β-lactamase allele jointly increase bacterial resistance to a clinically important antibiotic by a factor of ∼100,000. In principle, evolution to this high-resistance β-lactamase might follow any of the 120 mutational trajectories linking these alleles. However, we demonstrate that 102 trajectories are inaccessible to Darwinian selection and that many of the remaining trajectories have negligible probabilities of realization, because four of these five mutations fail to increase drug resistance in some combinations. Pervasive biophysical pleiotropy within the β-lactamase seems to be responsible, and because such pleiotropy appears to be a general property of missense mutations, we conclude that much protein evolution will be similarly constrained. This implies that the protein tape of life may be largely reproducible and even predictable.
Cancer pain management in children

Unrelieved pain may have a major impact on the care of children with cancer. The type and severity of pain experienced by children with cancer varies from acute, procedure-related pain to progressive chronic pain associated with the progression of the disease or sequelae of treatment. Drugs are the mainstay of treatment. Regular pain assessments combined with appropriate analgesic administration at regular dosing intervals, adjunctive drug therapy for control of adverse effects and associated symptoms, and nonpharmacological interventions are recommended. Although standard dosing of opioids adequately treats most cancer pain in children, more complex treatment is required by a significant group. Strategies to improve analgesia include the use of epidural or intrathecal infusions of a combination of opioids and other adjuvants, or other regional anaesthesia techniques. Procedure-and treatment-related pain is an even greater problem than cancer pain. Recommendations have been published with regard to the monitoring and personnel required when children are sedated which aim to set the standard of care and minimize both physical discomfort or pain and negative psychological responses, by providing analgesia; and to maximize the potential for amnesia; and to control behaviour.
Pharmacological Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of AHPL/AYTAB/0613 Tablet in Carbon Tetrachloride-, Ethanol-, and Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity Models in Wistar Albino Rats

Background: Hepatotoxicity ultimately leads to liver failure. Conventional treatment options for hepatotoxicity are limited and not safe. Objective: Formulation AHPL/AYTAB/0613 is developed to provide safer and effective hepatoprotective drug of natural origin. A study was conducted to evaluate hepatoprotective activity of AHPL/AYTAB/0613 (three dosages) in comparison with marketed formulations in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), ethanol, and paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: Three separate studies were conducted in models of CCl4, ethanol, and paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Seven groups of animals were studied comparatively to evaluate the efficacy of AHPL/AYTAB/0613 in low, medium, and high dosage in comparison with silymarin and a marketed polyherbal formulation. The drugs were orally administered to rats for 10 days in CCl4 model and for 14 days in ethanol and paracetamol models. Animals were weighed periodically. After the study period, blood was tested for serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, and total protein levels. Liver tissue of sacrificed animals was examined histopathologically. Results: All the test formulations including all three dosages of AHPL/AYTAB/0613, significantly reduced levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, total bilirubin, in CCl4, ethanol, and paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity models. There was significant increase in total protein level in all the tested formulations. All the test formulations effectively preserved the structural integrity of the hepatocellular membrane and liver cell architecture damaged by CCl4, ethanol, and paracetamol. When compared between groups, no statistically significant difference was observed. It can be concluded that AHPL/AYTAB/0613 possesses hepatoprotective activity in CCl4, ethanol, and paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Conclusion: AHPL/AYTAB/0613 can be effectively used as a hepatoprotective agent in the management of hepatitis caused due to various toxins.
Android Malicious Application Detection Based on Ontology Technology Integrated with Permissions and System Calls

In this paper, for sharing the security knowledge of smart phone applications and detecting the malicious applications, one new method was put forward based on ontology technology which considered permissions and system calls information with JESS inference engine. In order to get final feature information list and define SWRL rules, this paper extracted and analyzed permissions and system calls information which were significant and representative ones. The constructed application ontology referred to application domain knowledge including permissions and system calls etc. so that explicit and tacit knowledge could be shared. By selecting defined SWRL rules and running JESS inference engine, this paper demonstrated that our detection method could effectively classify malware and benign. Experimental results showed that the accuracy reached 95.89%. Moreover, through a comparative analysis, it could be seen that the application security detection based on ontology method outperformed two existing Android malware detection schemes for combining two characteristic information-permissions and system calls.
The proximity between C‐termini of dimeric vacuolar H+‐pyrophosphatase determined using atomic force microscopy and a gold nanoparticle technique

Vacuolar H+‐translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase [vacuolar H+‐pyrophosphatase (V‐PPase); EC 3.6. 1.1] is a homodimeric proton translocase; it plays a pivotal role in electrogenic translocation of protons from the cytosol to the vacuolar lumen, at the expense of PPi hydrolysis, for the storage of ions, sugars, and other metabolites. Dimerization of V‐PPase is necessary for full proton translocation function, although the structural details of V‐PPase within the vacuolar membrane remain uncertain. The C‐terminus presumably plays a crucial role in sustaining enzymatic and proton‐translocating reactions. We used atomic force microscopy to visualize V‐PPases embedded in an artificial lipid bilayer under physiological conditions. V‐PPases were randomly distributed in reconstituted lipid bilayers; approximately 43.3% of the V‐PPase protrusions faced the cytosol, and 56.7% faced the vacuolar lumen. The mean height and width of the cytosolic V‐PPase protrusions were 2.8 ± 0.3 nm and 26.3 ± 4.7 nm, whereas those of the luminal protrusions were 1.2 ± 0.1 nm and 21.7 ± 3.6 nm, respectively. Moreover, both C‐termini of dimeric subunits of V‐PPase are on the same side of the membrane, and they are close to each other, as visualized with antibody and gold nanoparticles against 6×His tags on C‐terminal ends of the enzyme. The distance between the V‐PPase C‐terminal ends was determined to be approximately 2.2 ± 1.4 nm. Thus, our study is the first to provide structural details of a membrane‐bound V‐PPase dimer, revealing its adjacent C‐termini.
CLASSIFYING TALES: REMARKS TO INDEXES AND SYSTEMS OF ORDERING

The paper deals with the historical and recent situation in classifying international folk tales and gives an overview of new developments, for example new catalogs for types and motifs. From the outset up to date, folk narrative researchers have been creating systems for ordering large masses of tale material according to genres, actors and incidents. The concentration on oral traditions, however, has largely neglected the important literary history of many tales. It was necessary to include such information into the new international catalog ATU (Aarne/Thompson/Uther). The concept of tale type and here must be understood to be flexible. It is not a constant unit of measure or a way to refer to lifeless material from the past. Instead, as part of a greater dynamic, it is adaptable, and can be integrated into new thematic compositions and media. Some former catalog makers also had used the system of numbers for expansion beyond number 2400 in order to describe other genres such as legends, riddles, ballads, etiologies, etc. Although a satisfying system for classification of folk narratives has not yet been found the present system has provided scholars with many valuable and practical research instruments, and numerous methodological and theroretical by-products.
Consensus statement on iron overload in myelodysplastic syndromes

In May 2005 at the 8th International Symposium on Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS), a consensus meeting was held on iron overload in MDS (Seymour, Hematol Oncol Clin 2005; Suppl 1:18–25). The recommendations of the 2005 consensus meeting were discussed in the context of currently available evidence at the 9th International Symposium on Myelodysplastic Syndromes in Florence Italy, May 2007. The recommendations of the consensus working group are presented here. The recommendations are a continued refinement of the outcome of the 2005 consensus meeting and the ground‐breaking work of others in this area (Seymour, Hematol Oncol Clin 2005; Suppl 1:18–25; Gattermann, Int J Hematol 2008;88:24–29; Alessandrino et al., Haematologica 2002;87:1286–1306; NCCN practice guidelines: Myelodysplastic Syndromes, version 2.2008). Am. J. Hematol. , 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hypoxemia during One-lung Ventilation: Prediction, Prevention, and Treatment

When switching from two-lung to one-lung ventilation (OLV), shunt fraction increases, oxygenation is impaired, and hypoxemia may occur. Hypoxemia during OLV may be predicted from measurements of lung function, distribution of perfusion between the lungs, whether the right or the left lung is ventilated, and whether the operation will be performed in the supine or in the lateral decubitus position. Hypoxemia during OLV may be prevented by applying a ventilation strategy that avoids alveolar collapse while minimally impairing perfusion of the dependent lung. Choice of anesthesia does not influence oxygenation during clinical OLV. Hypoxemia during OLV may be treated symptomatically by increasing inspired fraction of oxygen, by ventilating, or by using continuous positive airway pressure in the nonventilated lung. Hypoxemia during OLV may be treated causally by correcting the position of the double-lumen tube, clearing the main bronchi of the ventilated lung from secretions, and improving the ventilation strategy.
Dual Role for Phospholipid:Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase: Enhancing Fatty Acid Synthesis and Diverting Fatty Acids from Membrane Lipids to Triacylglycerol in Arabidopsis Leaves[C][W]

This work finds that Arabidopsis PHOSPHOLIPID:DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 (PDAT1) is a critical enzyme in triacylglycerol assembly in vegetative tissues. Overexpression of PDAT1 enhances both fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis in leaves. The results suggest genetic engineering strategies to increase oil accumulation in biomass crops used for feed and for biofuel production. There is growing interest in engineering green biomass to expand the production of plant oils as feed and biofuels. Here, we show that PHOSPHOLIPID:DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 (PDAT1) is a critical enzyme involved in triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis in leaves. Overexpression of PDAT1 increases leaf TAG accumulation, leading to oil droplet overexpansion through fusion. Ectopic expression of oleosin promotes the clustering of small oil droplets. Coexpression of PDAT1 with oleosin boosts leaf TAG content by up to 6.4% of the dry weight without affecting membrane lipid composition and plant growth. PDAT1 overexpression stimulates fatty acid synthesis (FAS) and increases fatty acid flux toward the prokaryotic glycerolipid pathway. In the trigalactosyldiacylglycerol1-1 mutant, which is defective in eukaryotic thylakoid lipid synthesis, the combined overexpression of PDAT1 with oleosin increases leaf TAG content to 8.6% of the dry weight and total leaf lipid by fourfold. In the plastidic glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase1 mutant, which is defective in the prokaryotic glycerolipid pathway, PDAT1 overexpression enhances TAG content at the expense of thylakoid membrane lipids, leading to defects in chloroplast division and thylakoid biogenesis. Collectively, these results reveal a dual role for PDAT1 in enhancing fatty acid and TAG synthesis in leaves and suggest that increasing FAS is the key to engineering high levels of TAG accumulation in green biomass.
Email phishing detection and prevention by using data mining techniques

Social engineering has emerged as a serious threat in virtual communities and is an important means to attack information systems. The services used by today's knowledge workers prepare the base for complicated social engineering attacks. Phishing is a kind of technically generated social engineering attack and is the type of identity theft that uses the social engineering techniques and complex attack vectors to harvest financial information from unsuspecting consumers. It is a kind of attack in which phishers use spoofed emails and fraudulent web sites to trick people into giving personal information. Victims perceive these emails as trusted, while in reality they are the work of phishers interested in identity theft. Therefore, there is an urgent need for anti-phishing solutions and hereabout have been identified, a number of solutions to mitigate phishing attacks have been suggested. In this work, a phishing detection method is proposed by using machine learning and data mining techniques. Success rate of %89 has been achieved against phishing attacks coming from email messages.