Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Manifestation of fatigue in myoelectric signals of dynamic contractions produced during playing PC games

This paper investigates manifestation of fatigue in myoelectric signals during dynamic contractions produced whilst playing PC games. The hand's myoelectric signals were collected in 26 independent sessions with 10 subjects. Two methods, spectral analysis and time-scale analysis, were applied to compute signal frequency and least-square linear regression was used to model the trend of frequency shift. Non-parametric statistical methods were employed to analyze experimental results, which indicates significant decline in signal frequency as a manifestation of fatigue in long-term muscle activities.
Hybrid Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Scheme Using Double-Fusion in Cognitive Radio Networks

In cognitive radio networks, cognitive users can be coordinated to perform cooperative spectrum sensing so as to detect the primary user more accurately. In this paper, a hybrid cooperative spectrum sensing method is investigated to improve the sensing performance by exploiting double-fusion approach. In special, data fusion and decision fusion are both studied. For the first stage, cognitive users send their energy to the fusion center with data fusion in each cognitive cell. For the second stage, the fusion center in each cognitive cell communicates the decision with each other and makes the final decision by using decision fusion. In addition, we derive the optimal number of cognitive users and cells in the proposed scheme. Numerical results show that the sensing performance is improved significantly as opposed to conventional cooperative spectrum sensing with single fusion.
A Tree‐Based Scan Statistic for Database Disease Surveillance

Summary Many databases exist with which it is possible to study the relationship between health events and various potential risk factors. Among these databases, some have variables that naturally form a hierarchical tree structure, such as pharmaceutical drugs and occupations. It is of great interest to use such databases for surveillance purposes in order to detect unsuspected relationships to disease risk. We propose a tree‐based scan statistic, by which the surveillance can be conducted with a minimum of prior assumptions about the group of occupations/drugs that increase risk, and which adjusts for the multiple testing inherent in the many potential combinations. The method is illustrated using data from the National Center for Health Statistics Multiple Cause of Death Database, looking at the relationship between occupation and death from silicosis.
Reversibility of developmental heat and cold plasticity is asymmetric and has long-lasting consequences for adult thermal tolerance

ABSTRACT The ability of insects to cope with stressful temperatures through adaptive plasticity has allowed them to thrive under a wide range of thermal conditions. Developmental plasticity is generally considered to be a non-reversible phenotypic change, e.g. in morphological traits, while adult acclimation responses are often considered to be reversible physiological responses. However, physiologically mediated thermal acclimation might not follow this general prediction. We investigated the magnitude and rate of reversibility of developmental thermal plasticity responses in heat and cold tolerance of adult flies, using a full factorial design with two developmental and two adult temperatures (15 and 25°C). We show that cold tolerance attained during development is readily adjusted to the prevailing conditions during adult acclimation, with a symmetric rate of decrease or increase. In contrast, heat tolerance is only partly reversible during acclimation and is thus constrained by the temperature during development. The effect of adult acclimation on heat tolerance was asymmetrical, with a general loss of heat tolerance with age. Surprisingly, the decline in adult heat tolerance at 25°C was decelerated in flies developed at low temperatures. This result was supported by correlated responses in two senescence-associated traits and in accordance with a lower rate of ageing after low temperature development, suggesting that physiological age is not reset at eclosion. The results have profound ecological consequences for populations, as optimal developmental temperatures will be dependent on the thermal conditions faced in the adult stage and the age at which they occur. Summary: Using Drosophila melanogaster, we show how developmental plasticity of cold tolerance is completely reversible in the adult stage, while adult acclimation in heat tolerance is constrained by developmental temperature.
Web application development model with security concern in the entire life-cycle

e-commerce involves a great deal of credit cards, fund transfers, web shopping, and other forms of transmitting private information that needs to remain secure. Although, the knowledge of how to develop a secure e-commerce application is known, the major concern is the insufficiency of the right developmental model and practice. The use of inappropriate methodology in developing an e-commerce application can seriously undermine organizations' confidentiality and integrity. Having said that, many of the web application development models may have some kind of security considerations that may not be applied across the entire Web Application Development Life-cycle. This is unfortunate. This study proposes a web application development model that inculcates security considerations across the Web Application Development Life-cycle which can be adapted by security critical applications like the e-commerce sites. The implementation and evaluation of this proposed model, with previous web application security development models, have shown that a 96 percent security level is achieved, despite some four percent failures. The failures are of information severity status, which are not typically critical to the security of the underlying application.
The Bayesian Low-Rank Determinantal Point Process Mixture Model

Determinantal point processes (DPPs) are an elegant model for encoding probabilities over subsets, such as shopping baskets, of a ground set, such as an item catalog. They are useful for a number of machine learning tasks, including product recommendation. DPPs are parametrized by a positive semi-definite kernel matrix. Recent work has shown that using a low-rank factorization of this kernel provides remarkable scalability improvements that open the door to training on large-scale datasets and computing online recommendations, both of which are infeasible with standard DPP models that use a full-rank kernel. In this paper we present a low-rank DPP mixture model that allows us to represent the latent structure present in observed subsets as a mixture of a number of component low-rank DPPs, where each component DPP is responsible for representing a portion of the observed data. The mixture model allows us to effectively address the capacity constraints of the low-rank DPP model. We present an efficient and scalable Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) learning algorithm for our model that uses Gibbs sampling and stochastic gradient Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (SGHMC). Using an evaluation on several real-world product recommendation datasets, we show that our low-rank DPP mixture model provides substantially better predictive performance than is possible with a single low-rank or full-rank DPP, and significantly better performance than several other competing recommendation methods in many cases.
On the attitude estimation of accelerating rigid-bodies using GPS and IMU measurements

We present two observers that estimate the orientation of a rigid body, which is subjected to linear accelerations and rotational motion, using a global positioning system (GPS) and a body-attached inertial measurement unit (IMU). Unlike some other attitude estimation schemes (which assume that the accelerometer measures the gravity vector, which is not realistic when the rigid body is subject to large linear accelerations), the proposed results belong to the special class of velocity-aided attitude observers, which instead use the true accelerometer measurements (i.e., the system's apparent acceleration). The linear velocity of the rigid body (obtained from the GPS) is used to obviate the requirement of the linear acceleration (which is assumed unavailable in the inertial frame). The new observers can handle large accelerations of the rigid body which could otherwise destroy the performance of other types of attitude observers which assume that the accelerometer measures the gravity vector.
Genetic search for fast object detection

Many practical applications requires fast and robust object detection as their first step. However, most existing robust methods are computationally expensive. This paper describes a new object detection framework to reduce computational cost while retaining high detection accuracy and robustness. In the framework, a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to search an input image efficiently while a neural network (NN) serves as an object filter. Each individual in the GA represents a subwindow extracted from the image. The individuals are given fitness according to how well they match the NN-based object filter. Based on their fitness, the genetic search is guided to possible object areas. Experiments in the domain of face detection are presented and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Vibrational properties of vitreous GeSe2 with the Becke–Lee–Yang–Parr density functional

The vibrational properties of vitreous GeSe2 are studied within the Becke–Lee–Yang–Parr (BLYP) generalized gradient approximation to density functional theory. For this purpose, we consider two models. The first one is derived from a chemically ordered network, previously generated through classical molecular dynamics. The second one is generated through first-principles molecular dynamics simulations based on the BLYP functional and shows a larger variety of structural motifs. We describe the structural and electronic properties of our models, including bond lengths, first-neighbor coordinations, and the electronic density of states. The vibrational properties are addressed through the vibrational density of states, the infrared spectrum, and the Raman spectrum. For the chemically ordered model, the vibrational properties obtained with the BLYP functional are of comparable quality with respect to previous results obtained with the Perdew–Wang (PW) functional. However, a global consideration of our results indicates that the BLYP functional yields an overall improved description for the vibrational properties of vitreous GeSe2. The BLYP dielectric constants are closer to experimental values. Furthermore, we found that the Raman spectrum of the model generated through first-principles molecular dynamics within the BLYP scheme is largely improved with respect to an analogous model generated within the PW scheme.
BitID: Easily Add Battery-Free Wireless Sensors to Everyday Objects

Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) systems are becoming increasingly used within smart environments. In this paper, we propose BitID, a passive Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) RFID based sensing technique that can easily be made using off-the-shelf tags. BitID can be added to everyday objects to enable sensing and control capabilities. With a simple shorting mechanism, BitID is able to differentiate between two states of the object to which it is attached (for example, whether a door is open or closed). We explain the working principle of BitID, and demonstrate how to build and apply it to target objects. We also show that by using a three- layered system architecture, BitID can be used for various applications, including event detection, energy monitoring, fitness tracking, human behavior tracking and control.
Mechanical and chemical regulation of endothelial cell polarity.

See related article, pages 939–946 McCue et al1 showed by a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies that shear stress regulates planar cell polarity (PCP) of endothelial cells (ECs) and that glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) plays a significant role in this process. The application of shear stress at 15 dyn/cm2 to cultured porcine aortic ECs caused tubulin acetylation and stabilization of microtubules (MTs), downstream polarization of microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs), as well as MT orientation and EC elongation in the shear direction. The importance of tubulin dynamics in these shear-induced changes was demonstrated by their elimination by the MT-disrupting agent nocodazole and also the MT-stabilizing agent taxol. A novel finding is the role of GSK-3β in shear-induced MT orientation. GSK-3β is a regulatory serine/threonine kinase2 that has high activity under basal state, and its activity is inhibited after serine-9 phosphorylation (p-GSK-3β); this would lead to downstream signaling3 and MT stabilization,4 eg, through the binding of adenomatous polyposis cell protein (APC). 4,5 GSK-3β can be inhibited by lithium and SB415286, which interfere with the binding of ATP to GSK-36 rather than acting directly on GSK-3 phosphorylation. The evidence that GSK-3β plays a role in mediating the shear-induced MT orientation and cell shape change is as follows. First, shear stress caused an increase in p-GSK-3β (at 1 and 4 hours, though waned at 24 hours). Second, inhibition of GSK-3β by LiCl and SB415286 blocked the shear-induced EC elongation. SB415286 was also shown to reverse the shear-induced downstream localization of MTOCs to become upstream. Third, overexpression of a constitutively active GSK-3β (GSKS9A), which cannot be phosphorylated, attenuated tubulin acetylation, blocked cell elongation, and caused MTOC distribution to be more random. Although these results provide evidence that the shear-induced PCP and cell elongation are …
Stromal mesenteric lymph node cells are essential for the generation of gut-homing T cells in vivo

T cells primed in the gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN) are imprinted to express α4β7-integrin and chemokine receptor CCR9, thereby enabling lymphocytes to migrate to the small intestine. In vitro activation by intestinal dendritic cells (DC) or addition of retinoic acid (RA) is sufficient to instruct expression of these gut-homing molecules. We report that in vivo stroma cells, but not DC, allow the mLN to induce the generation of gut tropism. Peripheral LN (pLN) transplanted into the gut mesenteries fail to support the generation of gut-homing T cells, even though gut-derived DC enter the transplants and prime T cells. DC that fail to induce α4β7-integrin and CCR9 in vitro readily induce these factors in vivo upon injection into mLN afferent lymphatics. Moreover, uniquely mesenteric but not pLN stroma cells express high levels of RA-producing enzymes and support induction of CCR9 on activated T cells in vitro. These results demonstrate a hitherto unrecognized contribution of stromal cell delivered signals, including RA, on the imprinting of tissue tropism in vivo.
Vascular Responses to Drug Eluting Stents: Importance of Delayed Healing

Polymer-based sirolimus- (Cypher) and paclitaxel-eluting (Taxus) drug eluting stents have become the treatment of choice for patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Although these stents reduce rates of restenosis compared with bare metal stents (BMS), late thrombosis, a life threatening complication, has emerged as a major safety concern. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of late DES thrombosis is derived from animal and human pathologic samples taken after implantation of these devices. These data indicate that both DES cause substantial impairment in arterial healing characterized by lack of complete reendothelialization and persistence of fibrin when compared with BMS. This delayed healing is the primary substrate underlying all cases of late DES thrombosis at autopsy. Several additional risk factors for late stent thrombosis such as penetration of necrotic core, malapposition, overlapping stent placement, excessive stent length, and bifurcation lesions represent additional barriers to healing and should be avoided if DES are to be used to minimize the risk of late thrombosis. Because the time course of complete healing with DES in man is unknown, the optimal duration of antiplatelet treatment remains to be determined.
Screening tests to detect Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections -- 2002

Since publication of CDC's 1993 guidelines (CDC, Recommendations for the prevention and management of Chlamydia trachomatis infections, 1993. MMWR 1993;42[No. RR-12]:1-39), nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) have been introduced as critical new tools to diagnose and treat C. trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections. NAATs for C. trachomatis are substantially more sensitive than previous tests. When using a NAAT, any sacrifice in performance when urine is substituted for a traditional swab specimen is limited, thus reducing dependence on invasive procedures and expanding the venues where specimens can be obtained. NAATs can also detect both C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae organisms in the same specimen. However, NAATs are usually more expensive than previous tests, making test performance from an economic perspective a key consideration. This report updates the 1993 guidelines for selecting laboratory tests for C. trachomatis with an emphasis on screening men and women in the United States. (In this report, screening refers to testing persons in the absence of symptoms or signs indicating C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae infection.) In addition, these guidelines consider tests from an economic perspective and expand the previous guidelines to address detection of N. gonorrhoeae as well as C. trachomatis infections. Because of the increased cost of NAATs, certain laboratories are modifying manufacturers' procedures to improve test sensitivity without incurring the full cost associated with screening with a NAAT. Such approaches addressed in these guidelines are pooling of specimens before testing with a NAAT and additional testing of specimens whose non-NAAT test result is within a gray zone. This report also addresses the need for additional testing after a positive screening test to improve the specificity of a final diagnosis. To prepare these guidelines, CDC staff identified pertinent concerns, compiled the related literature published during 1990 or later, prepared tables of evidence, and drafted recommendations. Consultants, selected for their expertise or disciplinary and organizational affiliations, reviewed the draft recommendations. These final guidelines are the recommendations of CDC staff who considered contributions from scientific consultants. These guidelines are intended for laboratorians, clinicians, and managers who must choose among the multiple available tests, establish standard operating procedures for collecting and processing specimens, interpret test results for laboratory reporting, and counsel and treat patients.
Immunoelectron microscopic studies of type X collagen in endochondral ossification

Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy were used in conjunction with a monoclonal antibody to investigate the localization of type X collagen in the proximal tibial growth plate of 7-d-old chicks. This molecule was detected throughout the hypertrophic zone first appearing when chondrocytes exhibited hypertrophy: it was absent from the proliferative zone. Type X collagen was primarily associated with type II collagen fibrils as demonstrated by immunogold staining. Type X collagen was not concentrated in the focal calcification sites nor was it associated with matrix vesicles. These observations suggest that type X collagen may play a role other than that directly related to the nucleation of calcification.
Towards a dynamic cloud-enabled service eco-system

Cloud computing re-defined what, in ICT, can be delivered “as a service”. The new types of services increase the potential of some Service-Oriented Architecture concepts, e.g. dynamic discovery and composition of services. We envision a dynamic cloud-enabled service ecosystem in which different business actors cooperate in delivering scalable high-value services to the end user. The different providers should be able to discover, request, use and discard services during runtime based on some internal management logic. We define and use a reference model to explain this dynamicity, characterized by the introduction of the concept of Virtual Distributed Execution Environment (VDEE) between the virtual resources and the applications. Based on a study of the state of the art on cloud and SOA technologies, we identify functions of existing platforms that could be integrated to implement the proposed reference model. We also identify some challenges that still need to be addressed. Finally we anticipate the business-related evolution towards the dynamic cloud.
Development of vision for IT engineers' required skills by analysis of ITSS applying text mining

Accelerated investment and innovation in information technologies IT offer prospects to conduct business in ways that are radically different from the past. Competitive pressure is an issue for employees and employers alike. To be successful, IT workers must make themselves as valuable as possible to be hired by companies. They must also make themselves the stewards of their own careers. In response to the awareness of this issue, the Japanese Government has published the documents defining the knowledge bases about IT. These documents are called information technology skill standards ITSS. The ITSS classify the information service industry into 11 job categories and 35 special fields. All major stakeholders in IT workforce development such as business, IT professionals, students, educators, government policymakers, benefit from IT skill standards. A key goal of this research is to analyse ITSS documents and extract important information that helps human resources to develop themselves to be successful IT workers. This research has used text mining techniques to analyse the 35 special fields and has discussed the relation between different special fields. This paper proposed a method that derives the required keywords to move between different fields using text mining techniques.
Proof of the Outage Probability Conjecture for MISO Channels

It is conjectured that the covariance matrices minimizing the outage probability under a power constraint for multiple-input multiple-output channels with Gaussian fading are diagonal with either zeros or constant values on the diagonal. In the multiple-input single-output (MISO) setting, this is equivalent to conjecture that the Gaussian quadratic forms having largest tail probability correspond to such diagonal matrices. This paper provides a proof of the conjecture in this MISO setting.
Induced strain actuation on a beam structure subjected to external loads

In this paper, the refined model presented currently by the authors (Lin and Rogers, 1993a) for the induced-strain actuation mechanism of the actuators is extended to include external loads. The same stress field obtained for the actuation mechanism is used to model the external loading with different end traction condition and the solutions are superimposed to yield the complete solution for the combined loading condition. The results obtained from the current analysis agree very well with those obtained from the finite element model on the prediction of the effective force/moment induced on the substrate. The interfacial shear and peeling stresses are shown to be altered noticeably with the application of external loads, and the maximum interfacial shear and peeling-stress level appears to vary linearly with the external loads. The influence of the external bending moments on the optimum actuator-to-substructure thickness ratio that induced maximum bending curvature on the substrate is also discussed.