Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Preterm Birth and Antenatal Corticosteroid Treatment on Lactogenesis II in Women

OBJECTIVE. The onset of copious milk secretion after birth is known as lactogenesis II. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of preterm birth and antenatal corticosteroids on the timing of lactogenesis II after birth. METHODS. Women who had received antenatal betamethasone treatment and were expressing for a preterm infant whose gestational age was <34 weeks (N = 50) were included. On days 1 to 10 postpartum, participants measured the volume of milk expressed in 24-hour periods and collected milk samples. Lactose and citrate levels were analyzed in the milk. RESULTS. The gestational age at delivery was 31 weeks (range: 24.2–33.7). Milk volume was recorded by 46 women on 320 expression days and was positively associated with gestational age. Gestational age modified the effect of interval between betamethasone administration and delivery on milk volume. At gestational age 28 to 34 weeks, women who delivered 0 to 2 days after betamethasone treatment obtained significantly greater volumes than women who delivered 3 to 9 days after treatment. Milk samples (N = 324) were collected by 42 mothers. Mean ± SD lactose and citrate levels were 156.800 ± 36.217 and 3.458 ± 1.442 mM, respectively. There was a significant positive effect of gestational age on milk lactose levels but not citrate levels. Betamethasone treatment did not alter lactose or citrate levels in milk. CONCLUSIONS. Delivery at extremely preterm gestational ages caused a significant delay in the onset of lactogenesis II. The volume of milk was reduced further when antenatal corticosteroids were administered between 28 and 34 weeks' gestation and delivery occurred 3 to 9 days later. In view of the advantages of mothers' own milk, additional support with lactation is recommended for mothers of preterm infants, particularly those who have been treated with corticosteroids before the delivery.
Moral Disengagement About Cyberbullying and Parental Monitoring: Effects on Traditional Bullying and Victimization via Cyberbullying Involvement

The indirect effects of moral disengagement about cyberbullying and parental monitoring on traditional victimization and bullying via cyberbullying involvement were examined in a diverse sample of 800 youth in Grades 3 to 8. After controlling for grade and gender, moral disengagement about cyberbullying and parental monitoring had an indirect effect on traditional victimization and bullying through cyberbullying involvement. Moral disengagement about cyberbullying and parental monitoring had a direct effect on traditional bullying. Results suggest that moral disengagement about cyberbullying and parental monitoring affect cyberbullying involvement and additionally impact experiences beyond the cyber context.
Topotecan-Based Combination Chemotherapy in Patients with Transformed Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia and Advanced Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Background Patients with transformed chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML) and advanced myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS) have poor prognosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of second chronic phase induction in accelerated phase(CML-AP) or blastic crisis of CML(CML-BC) and remission induction in advanced MDS by combining topoisomerase I inhibitor(topotecan) with topoisomerase II inhibitor(mitoxantrone). Methods Twenty-four evaluable patients were entered on this study with a median age of 34 years. Eighteen patients with transformed CML(7 CML-AP, 11 CML-BC) and 6 patients with advanced MDS were treated. Topotecan was administered as 1.5 mg/m2/day by continuous infusion over 24 hours daily for 5 days every 4 to 8 weeks until remission. To enhance the tumoricidal effects, mitoxantrone(12 mg/m2/day, Days 1–3) was added. Results Eight patients(33%) achieved a complete remission(CR). Four of 7 patients with CML-AP(57%), 2 of 4 patients with CML-lymphoid blastic crisis (-LBC) (50%) and 2 of 6 patients with advanced MDS(33%) had CR lasting more than 45 days(45 to 400 days). There was no CR in the patients with CML-myeloid blastic crisis(-MBC). The dose level of 1.5 mg/m2/day(7.5 mg/m2/course) of topotecan was well tolerated in all patients. Mucositis occurred in 69% of patients (severe in 5%) and diarrhea in 67%(severe in 8%). In addition, there were no new or unexpected toxicities in the patients who were treated at this dose(7.5 mg/m2/course). In patients who recovered their neutrophil count, the absolute neutrophil count(ANC) remained below 500/μL for a period of 13 to 58 days(median 21 days) and the time to ANC recovery was associated with pretreatment severity of bone marrow fibrosis(mainly CML patients). Likewise, in the patients who recovered unsupported platelets, the platelets remained below 20,000/μL for a period of 0 to 37 days (median 19 days). Conclusion The combination of topotecan-mitoxantrone has shown modest activity in CML-AP, CML-LBC and advanced MDS with acceptable toxicities.
Transaction Level Modeling in System Level Design

Recently, the transaction-level modeling is widely referred to in system level design literature. However, the transactionlevel models(TLMs) are not well defined and the usages of TLM in the existing design approaches, namely system synthesis, platform-based design, and component-based design, are not systematically developed. In order to efficiently use TLMs in above design approaches, this report defines four transaction level abstraction models. The defined TLMs slice the entire design process into several small design tasks. Each task targets at a specific design objective and the result of a task can be validated by simulating the corresponding TLM. Designers can extract the characteristics of the design from lowerlevel TLMs and annotate them to the higher-level TLMs, such that designers can accurately make design decision at early stages. Using defined TLMs as standard models, designers can reuse/exchange the pre-defined TLMs and implement the cross-approach design.
Unique Versus Redundant Functions of IL-1α and IL-1β in the Tumor Microenvironment

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a major “alarm” upstream pro-inflammatory cytokine that also affects immunity and hematopoiesis by inducing cytokine cascades. In the tumor arena, IL-1 is produced by malignant or microenvironmental cells. As a pleiotropic cytokine, IL-1 is involved in tumorigenesis and tumor invasiveness but also in the control of anti-tumor immunity. IL-1α and IL-1β are the major agonists of IL-1, while IL-1Ra is a physiological inhibitor of pre-formed IL-1. In their secreted form, IL-1α and IL-1β bind to the same receptors and induce the same biological functions, but IL-1α and IL-1β differ in their compartmentalization within the producing cell or the microenvironment. IL-1β is only active in its processed, secreted form, and mediates inflammation, which promotes carcinogenesis, tumor invasiveness, and immunosuppression, whereas IL-1α is mainly cell-associated and in the tumor context, when expressed on the cell membrane, it stimulates anti-tumor cell immunity manifested by tumor regression. In the tumor milieu, extracellular levels of IL-1α are usually low and do not stimulate broad inflammation that promotes progression. Immunosuppression induced by IL-1β in the tumor microenvironment, mainly through MDSC induction, usually inhibits or masks anti-tumor cell immunity induced by cell-associated IL-1α. However, in different tumor systems, redundant or unique patterns of IL-1α and IL-1β expression and function have been observed. Recent breakthroughs in inflammasome biology and IL-1β processing/secretion have spurred the development of novel anti-IL-1 agents, which are being used in clinical trials in patients with diverse inflammatory diseases. Better understanding of the integrative role of IL-1α and IL-1β in distinct malignancies will facilitate the application of novel IL-1 modulation approaches at the bedside, in cancer patients with minimal residual disease (MRD), as an adjunct to conventional approaches to reduce the tumor burden.
Computing the Sentiment Polarity of Chinese Words and Sentences

This paper reports on experiments with a newly available sentiment classification test collection for Chinese. Detection of negation during training and classification is shown to improve the accuracy of character-based classification for the semantic orientation of individual Chinese words. Using the resulting classifier for unknown words resulted in substantial improvements in classification accuracy for positively and negatively opinionated sentences.
Comparative effectiveness and safety of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: propensity weighted nationwide cohort study

Objective To study the effectiveness and safety of the non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (novel oral anticoagulants, NOACs) dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban compared with warfarin in anticoagulant naïve patients with atrial fibrillation. Design Observational nationwide cohort study. Setting Three Danish nationwide databases, August 2011 to October 2015. Participants 61 678 patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation who were naïve to oral anticoagulants and had no previous indication for valvular atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism. The study population was distributed according to treatment type: warfarin (n=35 436, 57%), dabigatran 150 mg (n=12 701, 21%), rivaroxaban 20 mg (n=7192, 12%), and apixaban 5 mg (n=6349, 10%). Main outcome measures Effectiveness outcomes defined a priori were ischaemic stroke; a composite of ischaemic stroke or systemic embolism; death; and a composite of ischaemic stroke, systemic embolism, or death. Safety outcomes were any bleeding, intracranial bleeding, and major bleeding. Results When the analysis was restricted to ischaemic stroke, NOACs were not significantly different from warfarin. During one year follow-up, rivaroxaban was associated with lower annual rates of ischaemic stroke or systemic embolism (3.0% v 3.3%, respectively) compared with warfarin: hazard ratio 0.83 (95% confidence interval 0.69 to 0.99). The hazard ratios for dabigatran and apixaban (2.8% and 4.9% annually, respectively) were non-significant compared with warfarin. The annual risk of death was significantly lower with apixaban (5.2%) and dabigatran (2.7%) (0.65, 0.56 to 0.75 and 0.63, 0.48 to 0.82, respectively) compared with warfarin (8.5%), but not with rivaroxaban (7.7%). For the combined endpoint of any bleeding, annual rates for apixaban (3.3%) and dabigatran (2.4%) were significantly lower than for warfarin (5.0%) (0.62, 0.51 to 0.74). Warfarin and rivaroxaban had comparable annual bleeding rates (5.3%). Conclusion All NOACs seem to be safe and effective alternatives to warfarin in a routine care setting. No significant difference was found between NOACs and warfarin for ischaemic stroke. The risks of death, any bleeding, or major bleeding were significantly lower for apixaban and dabigatran compared with warfarin.
Dansk udenrigs- og sikkerhedspolitisk aktivisme i en stadig mere multipolær verdensorden. Danmarks håndtering af den nye stormagt Kina

Dansk udenrigs- og sikkerhedspolitik med dets fokus pa at fremme dansk sikkerhed, danske interesser og danske vaerdier star over for nye betingelser. Det centrale sporgsmal er, hvordan dansk udenrigs- og sikkerhedspolitisk aktivisme skal operere i en stadig mere multipolaer verdensorden. I artiklen anvendes en neoklassisk realistisk analyseramme, som muliggor analyse af, hvordan igangvaerende udviklinger i systemiske og indenrigspolitiske betingelser pavirker dansk udenrigs- og sikkerhedspolitik. Analysen viser, hvordan handlerummet for den danske vaerdipolitiske udenrigs- og sikkerhedspolitiske aktivisme mindskes saerligt som folge af USA’s svaekkende stormagtsposition og dermed et oget pres pa liberale vaerdier som universelle vaerdier. Handlerummet mindskes yderligere som folge af oget indenrigspolitisk fokus pa varetagelsen af danske okonomiske og kommercielle interesser, som i stigende grad afhaenger af staerke og stabile relationer til nye okonomiske og politiske magtcentre, som ikke deler vaerdier med Danmark. Den aendrede linje i dansk udenrigs- og sikkerhedspolitisk aktivisme viser sig tydeligst i forhold til Danmarks handtering af den nye stormagt Kina, hvor 1990ernes danske megafondiplomati pa det vaerdipolitiske felt er slut. Nokkelord: Danmark • multipolaer verdensorden • Kina • neoklassisk realisme With its focus on promoting Danish security, Danish interests and Danish values, Danish foreign and security policy is facing new conditions. The key question is how the Danish foreign and security policy activism is to operate in an increasingly multi-polar world order. In the article a neoclassical realist analytical framework is applied in order to analyze how ongoing developments in systemic and domestic conditions influence Danish foreign and security policy. The analysis shows how the room for maneuver for Danish value-based foreign and security policy activism decreases especially as a result of the declining US great power position and growing pressure on liberal values as universal values. Furthermore, the room for maneuver is decreasing due to stronger domestic focus on ensuring Danish economic and commercial interests, which are increasingly dependent on strong and stable relations with new economic and political power centers that do not share values with Denmark The changed policy profile in Danish foreign and security policy activism is most clearly reflected in Denmark’s handling of the new great power China, where the 1990s Danish megaphone diplomacy on value-issues is over. Keywords: Denmark • multipolar world order • China • neoclassical realism Published: December 2016 Citation: Camilla Tenna Norup Sorensen (2016). «Dansk udenrigs- og sikkerhedspolitisk aktivisme i en stadig mere multipolaer verdensorden. Danmarks handtering af den nye stormagt Kina». Internasjonal Politikk, 74, 4: 1–20. http://dx.doi. org/10.17585/ip.v74. 444
Estrogen Receptor Alpha Prevents Bladder Cancer Development via INPP4B inhibited Akt Pathway in vitro and in vivo

Clinical reports show males have a higher bladder cancer (BCa) incidence than females. The sexual difference of BCa occurrence suggests that estrogen and its receptors may affect BCa development. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is the classic receptor to convey estrogen signaling, however, the function of ERα in BCa development remains largely unknown. To understand the in vivo role of ERα in BCa development, we generated total and urothelial specific ERα knockout mice (ERαKO) and used the pre-carcinogen BBN to induce BCa. Earlier reports showed that ERα promotes breast and ovarian cancers in females. Surprisingly and of clinical importance, our results showed that ERα inhibits BCa development and loss of the ERα gene results in an earlier onset and higher incidence of BBN-induced in vivo mouse BCa. Supportively, carcinogen induced malignant transformation ability was reduced in ERα expressing urothelial cells as compared to ERα negative cells. Mechanism studies suggest that ERα could control the expression of INPP4B to reduce AKT activity and consequently reduce BCa cell growth. In addition, IHC staining of clinical sample analyses show that INPP4B expression, in correlation with reduced ERα, is significantly reduced in human BCa specimens. Together, this is the first report using the in vivo cre-loxP gene knockout mouse model to characterize ERα roles in BCa development. Our studies provide multiple in vitro cell studies and in vivo animal model data as well as human BCa tissue analyses to prove ERα plays a protective role in BCa initiation and growth at least partly via modulating the INPP4B/Akt pathway.
A Model of Emotional Agent Based on Granular Computing

Research results of neurobiology show that emotions play an important and active role in human-like intelligence. To make agent have the ability of handling emotions, a new model structure of emotional agent is presented, based on the granular computing theory and the traditional BDI agent model. The model firstly establishes a new emotion knowledge base based on granular computing for emotion expression, secondly puts forward the emotional decision rules achieving method of the emotional Knowledge base, and finally implements the emotion treatment. An emotional agent based on this model has been realized, experiment results show that it is efficient to transact simple emotions.
The Elephant and the Mouse : Non-Strict Fine-Grain Synchronization for Many-Core Architectures

A new synchronization mechanism created under the dataflow model of computation was introduced during the late 1970s and called I-Structure. I-Structure exhibited the following important features: (1) it is a dataflow style synchronization, i.e., synchronization only occurs between an I-Structure producer and consumer operations that are accessing the same memory location; (2) it is fine-grain i.e., it synchronizes at a finer memory granularity than only at the whole data structure level (for instance, it would synchronize at each individual array element instead of barrier synchronization which synchronizes at the data structure level.); (3) it is a lenient (non-strict) synchronization i.e., an I-Structure load can be issued (non-blocking) even before the corresponding I-Structure store is issued/completed. This paper reports a study of I-Structures in the context of modern many-core chip architectures. The major points examined include: • The creation of an I-Structure style design that exploits a lenient synchronization model using a modern many-core architecture the IBM Cyclops-64 architecture. • The implementation and integration of our design in the DEEP emulation system that can simulate the entire Cyclops-64 chip at gate level. This allows us to assess the feasibility of its hardware design and implementation. • The demonstration of the advantages of I-Structure style synchronization especially its lenient synchronization feature on the Cyclops-64 architecture through an experimental case study using wavefront computation. A quantitative comparison to traditional control-flow based synchronization, such as signal-wait, is reported.
Mutagenic/carcinogenic potential of DEHP and MEHP.

The mutagenic/carcinogenic activities of DEHP and MEHP were studied in bacteria and mammalian cells. MEHP but not DEHP exerted a dose-dependent DNA damaging effect to B. subtilis in Rec-assay. DEHP and MEHP showed mutagenic activities to S. typhimurium TA-100, with and without S-9 mix, respectively. MEHP produced not only the mutation in E. coli WP2B/r but also sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in Chinese hamster V79 cells. It also induced 8AG/6TG-resistant gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations in the V79 cells. Transplacental administration of DEHP or MEHP to the Syrian golden hamster embryos was carried out by administering DEHP or MEHP to gravid animals on day 11 of gestation, followed by the cultivation of embryonic cells for 15-20 days. Both DEHP and MEHP induced 8AG/6TG-resistant mutation, chromosomal aberrations and morphological transformation in the embryonic cells of the Syrian golden hamster. ImagesFIGURE 3.
Inherent Network Management: Support for Traffic Engineering and CAPEX Analysis in Future Internet Scenarios

Future Internet, Inherent Network Management (INM) and business aspects such as OPEX/CAPEX are topics of vivid research activity for quite some time. This paper focuses on the combination of the three areas, showing what is expected from recent Future Internet activities based on experience in the 4WARD project founded by the European Union. We briefly introduce the notion of INM and the related de-sign spectrum. Then we evaluate the effect of INM design for more flexibility in traffic engineering and advanced monitoring to exploit bandwidth and other network resources and the impact on cost savings. We study the process of upgrading the link capacities in broadband access networks, which has to be faced by network providers in ongoing periods of rapidly growing Internet traffic. A case study of full mesh topologies is analyzed for comparison of planning processes with and without traffic path optimization. The results indicate that flexible traffic path design with INM support allows at least 20% higher resource utilization and savings in equipment costs as well as energy consumption.
Automatic Generation of Connectivity for Large-Scale Neuronal Network Models through Structural Plasticity

With the emergence of new high performance computation technology in the last decade, the simulation of large scale neural networks which are able to reproduce the behavior and structure of the brain has finally become an achievable target of neuroscience. Due to the number of synaptic connections between neurons and the complexity of biological networks, most contemporary models have manually defined or static connectivity. However, it is expected that modeling the dynamic generation and deletion of the links among neurons, locally and between different regions of the brain, is crucial to unravel important mechanisms associated with learning, memory and healing. Moreover, for many neural circuits that could potentially be modeled, activity data is more readily and reliably available than connectivity data. Thus, a framework that enables networks to wire themselves on the basis of specified activity targets can be of great value in specifying network models where connectivity data is incomplete or has large error margins. To address these issues, in the present work we present an implementation of a model of structural plasticity in the neural network simulator NEST. In this model, synapses consist of two parts, a pre- and a post-synaptic element. Synapses are created and deleted during the execution of the simulation following local homeostatic rules until a mean level of electrical activity is reached in the network. We assess the scalability of the implementation in order to evaluate its potential usage in the self generation of connectivity of large scale networks. We show and discuss the results of simulations on simple two population networks and more complex models of the cortical microcircuit involving 8 populations and 4 layers using the new framework.
Efficient circuits for exact-universal computationwith qudits

This paper concerns the efficient implementation of quantum circuits for qudits. We show that controlled two-qudit gates can be implemented without ancillas and prove that the gate library containing arbitrary local unitaries and one two-qudit gate, CINC, is exact-universal. A recent paper [S.Bullock, D.O'Leary, and G.K. Brennen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 230502 (2005)] describes quantum circuits for qudits which require O(dn) two-qudit gates for state synthesis and O(dn2) two-qudit gates for unitary synthesis, matching the respective lower bound complexities. In this work, we present the state-synthesis circuit in much greater detail and prove that it is correct. Also, the ⌈(n-2)/(d-2)⌉ ancillas required in the original algorithm may be removed without changing the asymptotics. Further, we present a new algorithm for unitary synthesis, inspired by the QR matrix decomposition, which is also asymptotically optimal.
Survey on performance enhancement in mobile adhoc networks using data caching schemes

Mobile Ad hoc network between mobile nodes are networks without the need of any fixed substructure. Temporally networks such as mobile Ad hoc networks are constituted with mobile nodes such as laptop, personal digital assistant, Tablets and mobile phones etc. There is a problem in accessibility of data items. Therefore caching of data items can eventually enhance the accessibility of data items in the network. Therefore to enhance the performance of MANETs various cache management systems have been suggested in this paper.