Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Encapsulated Papillary Carcinoma of the Breast: An Invasive Tumor With Excellent Prognosis

&NA;Papillary carcinoma (PC) of the breast, which accounts for 0.5% to 1% of breast cancer, is a distinct histologic subtype that is characterized by malignant epithelial proliferation supported by fibrovascular stalks. However, the classification of PC (whether they are in situ or invasive), its behavior, and management remain a matter of debate. MethodsIn this study, we reviewed 302 PCs including 247 pure PCs without coexisting conventional non-PCs collected from 3 institutions. This included 208 (84%) intracystic PCs (IPC), 30 (12%) solid PCs (SPC), and 9 (4%) papillary ductal carcinoma in situ (DCISs). In addition, previous studies of PC were reviewed. This included 339 pure PCs of a total of 521 PC patients. Clinical and outcome analyses were carried out to assess nature and behavior of these lesions and to determine their optimal outcome-based management. Results and ConclusionsSPC is more frequently associated with coexisting conventional invasive carcinoma than IPC (P<0.05). Although the majority of papillary DCIS and some cases of IPC and SPC (both called encapsulated PC) that are surrounded by an intact layer of myoepithelial cells are considered to be true in situ lesions, PC lacking a peripheral layer of myoepithelial cells can be regarded as a special type of invasive carcinoma associated with low incidence of stromal/skeletal muscle invasion, low frequency of lymph node metastasis (3%), and infrequent development of local or distant recurrence. These lesions are therefore characterized by indolent behavior and extremely favorable prognosis. Encapsulated PC can be treated with adequate local therapy. Routine use of adjuvant therapy, particularly chemotherapy, is clearly not appropriate in view of the very low risk of subsequent events. However, hormonal therapy may be indicated in certain cases such as recurrent PC.
Потенциал пространственной мобильности безработных в России

Анализируются данные двух раундов обследования безработных и лиц, ищущих работу, а также экспертов во всех регионах РФ, проведенного при содействии Роструда. Выявлена в целом невысокая потенциальная миграционная активность безработных и лиц, ищущих работу. Для большинства респондентов значимым стимулом к миграции в другие города (регионы) России являются существенное повышение зарплаты и одновременно содействие в жилищном обустройстве на новом месте жительства. Не отмечается существенных изменений под влиянием кризиса в ситуации на региональных рынках труда. Сделаны выводы об ограниченности возможностей государства в экономическом стимулировании внутренней мобильности и снижении напряженности на рынках труда. трудонедостаточных территорий за счет трудоизбыточных
Novel cytotoxic exhibition mode of antimicrobial peptide anoplin in MEL cells, the cell line of murine Friend leukemia virus‐induced leukemic cells

Anoplin is a recently discovered antimicrobial peptide (AMP) isolated from the venom sac of the spider wasp Anoplius samariensis, and it is one of the shortest α‐helical AMP found naturally to date consisting of only ten amino acids. Previous results showed that anoplin exhibits potent antimicrobial activity but little hemolytic activity. In this study, we synthesized anoplin, studied its cytotoxicity in Friend virus‐induced leukemia cells [murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells], and proposed its possible mechanism. Our results showed that anoplin could inhibit the proliferation of MEL cells in a dose‐dependent and time‐dependent manner via disrupting the integrity of cell membrane, which indicated that anoplin exerts its cytotoxicity efficacy. In addition, the cell cycle distribution of MEL cells was arrested in the G0/G1 phase significantly. However, anoplin could not induce obvious apoptosis in MEL cells, as well as anoplin could not induce visible changes on morphology and quantity in the bone marrow cells isolated from normal mice. All of these results indicate that anoplin, as generally believed, is a selective AMP, a value characteristic in the design of safe therapeutic agents. The cytotoxicity of anoplin on MEL cells was mainly attributable to the plasma membrane perturbation and also to the intracellular events such as the arrest of cell cycle. Although this is an initial study that explored the activity of anoplin in vitro rather than in vivo, with the increasing resistance of conventional chemotherapy, there is no doubt that anoplin has desirable feature to be developed as a novel and selective anticancer agent. Copyright © 2013 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal Hypoxia Is Associated with Long-Term Retinal Dysfunction in Rats

Background Intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) has been associated with increased predisposition to age-related complications. We tested the hypothesis that rat offspring models of IUGR would exhibit exacerbated, age-related retinal dysfunction. Methods Female Sprague-Dawley rats (maintained at 11.5% O2 from gestational day 15 to 21 to induce IUGR) and control offspring (maintained at 21% O2 throughout pregnancy) had retinal function assessed at 2 months (young) and 14 months of age (aged) with electroretinogram (ERG) recordings. Retinal anatomy was assessed by immunofluorescence. Results Deficits in rod-driven retina function were observed in aged IUGR offspring, as evidenced by reduced amplitudes of dark-adapted mixed a-wave Vmax (by 49.3%, P<0.01), b-wave Vmax (by 42.1%, P<0.001) and dark-adapted peak oscillatory potentials (by 42.3%, P<0.01). In contrast to the rod-driven defects specific to aged IUGR offspring, light adapted ERG recordings revealed cone defects in young animals, that were stationary until old age. At 2 months, IUGR offspring had amplitude reductions for both b-wave (Vmax by 46%, P<0.01) and peak oscillatory potential (Vmax by 38%, P<0.05). Finally, defects in cone-driven responses were further confirmed by reduced maximal photopic flicker amplitudes at 2 (by 42%, P<0.001) and 14 months (by 34%, P = 0.06) and critical flicker fusion frequencies at 14 months (Control: 42±1 Hz, IUGR: 35±2 Hz, P<0.05). These functional changes were not paralleled by anatomical losses in IUGR offspring retinas. Conclusions These data support that the developing retina is sensitive to stressors, and that pathways governing cone- and rod-driven function differ in their susceptibilities. In the case of prenatal hypoxia, cone- and rod-driven dysfunction manifest at young and old ages, respectively. We must, therefore, take into account the specific impact that fetal programming might exert on age-related retinal dystrophies when considering related diagnoses and therapeutic applications.
Psychology for Performing Artists

Theatre and Human Expression. Origins of Performance. Social processes and Theatre. Actor Training and Role Preparation. Emotional expression. Motivation. Movement and use of Space. Comedy and Comedians. The power of Music. Musical Expertise. Personality and Stress in Performers. Stage fright and Optimal Performance. Therapeutic use of Performing Arts.
Managing Dyslexia at University: A Resource for Students, Academic and Support Staff

Dyslexia, Legal and Administrative Issues. Assessment and Diagnosis. Effects of Dyslexia on Literacy Skills. Effects of Dyslexia on Studying and Learning. Secondary and Associated Difficulties. Choosing a Degree Subject - Horses for Courses. University-Based Support. Roles and Responsibilities of Staff and Students. Study Skills for the Dyslexic Student. CD Photocopiable Resources
Experts Fusion and Multilayer Perceptron Based on Belief Learning for Sonar Image Classification

The sonar images provide a rapid view of the seabed in order to characterize it. However, in such as uncertain environment, real seabed is unknown and the only information we can obtain, is the interpretation of different human experts, sometimes in conflict. In this paper, we propose to manage this conflict in order to provide a robust reality for the learning step of classification algorithms. The classification is conducted by a multilayer perceptron, taking into account the uncertainty of the reality in the learning stage. The results of this seabed characterization are presented on real sonar images.
Selection, Growth, and the Size Distribution of Firms

This paper describes an analytically tractable model of balanced growth that is consistent with the observed size distribution of firms. Growth is the result of idiosyncratic firm productivity improvements, selection of successful firms, and imitation by entrants. Selection tends to improve aggregate productivity at a fast rate if entry and imitation are easy. The empirical phenomenon of Zipf's law can be interpreted to mean that entry costs are high or that imitation is difficult, or both. The small size of entrants indicates that imitation must be difficult. A calibration based on U. S. data suggests that about half of output growth can be attributed to selection. But the implied variance of the combined preference and technology shocks is puzzlingly high.
Impact of COPD in North America and Europe in 2000: subjects' perspective of Confronting COPD International Survey

To date, no international surveys estimating the burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the general population have been published. The Confronting COPD International Survey aimed to quantify morbidity and burden in COPD subjects in 2000. From a total of 201,921 households screened by random-digit dialling in the USA, Canada, France, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and the UK, 3,265 subjects with a diagnosis of COPD, chronic bronchitis or emphysema, or with symptoms of chronic bronchitis, were identified. The mean age of the subjects was 63.3 yrs and 44.2% were female. Subjects with COPD in North America and Europe appear to underestimate their morbidity, as shown by the high proportion of subjects with limitations to their basic daily life activities, frequent work loss (45.3% of COPD subjects of <65 yrs reported work loss in the past year) and frequent use of health services (13.8% of subjects required emergency care in the last year), and may be undertreated. There was a significant disparity between subjects' perception of disease severity and the degree of severity indicated by an objective breathlessness scale. Of those with the most severe breathlessness (too breathless to leave the house), 35.8% described their condition as mild or moderate, as did 60.3% of those with the next most severe degree of breathlessness (breathless after walking a few minutes on level ground). This international survey confirmed the great burden to society and high individual morbidity associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in subjects in North America and Europe.
Comorbidity in Affective Disorders

Comorbidity of Unipolar and Bipolar Depression with Other Psychiatric Disorders in a General Population Survey, Ronald C. Kessler Depression and Substance Abuse, Douglas M. Ziedonis, Conor K. Farren, and Tony P. George Depression in the Medically Ill, D. Jeffrey Newport and Charles B. Nemeroff Comorbidity of Depressive Illnesses and Personality Disorders, Thomas J. Doyle, Ming T. Tsuang, and Michael J. Lyons The Comorbidity of Depression and Medical Illness in the Elderly, Andrew Satlin Comorbidity with Depression in Children and Adolescents, Elizabeth Jane Costello, Adrian Angold, and Mark E. Sweeney Bipolar Disorder and Substance Abuse, Susan C. Sonne and Kathleen T. Brady The Co-occurrence of Bipolar Disorder with Medical Illness, Kenji W. Sax and Stephen M. Strakowski Bipolar Disorder and Comorbid Axis I Disorders, Carlos A. Zarate, Jr., and Mauricio Tohen Bipolar Disorder and Comorbid Axis II Disorders, Carlos A. Zarate, Jr., and Mauricio Tohen Comorbidity and Bipolar Disorder in Old Age, Kenneth Israel Shulman and Anu Sing Developmental Aspects of Comorbidity in Mania, Gabrielle A. Carlson
Detection of fraudulent financial statements based on Naïve Bayes classifier

Auditing practices nowadays have to cope with an increasing number of fraudulent financial statements. Data mining techniques can facilitate auditors in accomplishing the task of detection of fraudulent financial statements (FFS). Considering the character of FFS, this paper designs a FFS detection model based on Naïve Bayes classifier. To perform the experiment, we choose 44 FFS according to the auditing reports and 44 non-fraudulent financial statements(non-FFS) according to some specific standards from listed companies in China during 1999–2002 as training data set. Similarly, 73 FFS and 99 non-FFS during 2003–2006 are chosen as testing data set. We train the model using training data set and apply the trained model to the testing data set, good experimental results are obtained.
Evaluation of screw loosening on new abutment screws and after successive tightening.

This study evaluated the loss of the torque applied after use of new screws and after successive tightening. Four infrastructures (IE), using UCLA castable abutment type, were cast in cobalt-chromium alloy and new abutment screws (G1) were used in a first moment. Subsequently, the same abutment screws were used a second time (G2) and more than two times (G3). The values of the torques applied and detorques were measured with a digital torque wrench to obtain the values of initial tightening loss (%). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (? =0.05). Significant differences were observed between the G1 (50.71% ± 11.36) and G2 (24.01% ± 3.33) (p=0.000) and between G1 (50.71% ± 11.36) and G3 (25.60% ± 4.64) (p=0.000). There was no significant difference between G2 and G3 (p=0.774). Within the limitations of the study, it may be concluded that the percentage of the initial torque loss is lower when screws that already suffered the application of an initial torque were used, remaining stable after application of successive torques.
Effective deployment of monitoring points on social networks

As understanding social networks requires complete and real-time collection of social network data, it is critical to develop efficient data gathering methods. In particular, smart deployment of monitoring points on these networks will greatly help the data acquisition process. In this paper, we propose a monitoring point deployment strategy on social network data based on the set cover problem of user relationships, and design a greedy solution. We further use data sets derived from real social networking sites (Twitter and Sina Weibo) and a synthetic scale-free network to evaluate the proposed solution in term of the monitor capacity and the required number of monitors. The results show that the proposed solution can achieve good coverage and timely access to social network data.
Biomechatronic neurorehabilitation complex — Design, models and control

A mechatronic system for neurorehabilitation of motion system of the human lower limbs is presented. Moreover, the structure of the complex and its components - feet training device with acupressure effect on feet, half-bed standing frame (verticalizer), lower limbs exoskeleton to operate them in case of loss of mobility or for active workouts are presented. The complex is designed to help patients who have lost the mobility of the lower limbs, or to work with athletes or astronauts on different stages of rehabilitation.
A repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation study on the role of right inferior frontal cortex activity in belief-bias syllogistic reasoning

The belief-bias effect in syllogistic reasoning refers to the tendency of subjects to be erroneously biased when logical conclusions are incongruent with their beliefs about the world. This study examined the role of the inferior frontal cortex (IFC) in belief-bias reasoning using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Subjects comprised 16 healthy volunteers who performed congruent and incongruent reasoning tasks after receiving rTMS to the right or left IFC region of the brain. The stimulation lasted for 10 min with an inter-pulse frequency of 1 Hz. Right IFC stimulation significantly impaired incongruent reasoning performance, enhancing the belief-bias effect. Subjects with right IFC impairment due to rTMS were not always able to inhibit irrelevant semantic processing in incongruent trials. In contrast, left IFC stimulation did not influence reasoning performance. The present study thus demonstrates, for the first time, the role of right IFC in belief-bias reasoning using an rTMS approach.
Terrorism, Media, and Public Policy: The Oklahoma City Bombing, by James David Ballard

The two chapters that follow, however, paint a more sobering portrait. Examining news coverage on the eve of the first anniversary of 9/11, the authors note that these news pieces were “less contextual, less balanced, and more negative and critical of Muslims and Arabs in the United States than in the immediate post-9/11 period” (p. 28). By the end of the third chapter, devoted specifically to visual representations, it is obvious that the book’s ambitious subject matter, to focus on the media’s portrayal of American Muslims in particular, cannot be divorced from the larger topic of Islam and the world’s 1.3 billion Muslims, especially in the context of the Bush administration’s ever-expanding “Global War on Terror. ” Interestingly, the book’s widened scope actually serves to temper the authors’ argument. By shedding light on public opinion polls that reveal American attitudes toward the Islamic faith, it becomes clear that the media’s coverage of global affairs directly affects the public perception of the American Muslim community. In fact, we are told, there is a direct relationship between the level of one’s exposure to mainstream news and one’s expressions of fear and hostility toward Islam and Muslims. Whether this conduct on the part of the print and broadcast media is a conscious effort or the product of a systemic lack of awareness is addressed in a chapter on changing terminology in the war on terror. The issue of torture is confronted on the editorial pages and the airwaves during discussions on the administration’s guidelines and practices. However, once the Abu Ghraib scandal brings home the reality of these policies, a complete restructuring of language is shown to have taken place, as the word “torture” is repeatedly sidelined to soften the blow of the administration’s missteps. In spite of the compelling case study in this chapter, however, Fueling Our Fears falls short in exploring the policy implications of media coverage of Muslims, especially the complicity of the press in the recent civil rights abuses affecting Muslims in America, including domestic spying, arbitrary detentions, and episodes of racial profiling. A sixth and final chapter displays the fruits of 25 focus groups conducted among Muslims in New York, so it is unclear how representative they are of the larger American Muslim community. Unsurprisingly, their gripes with the media are many, believing the misrepresentation to be part of a larger political agenda, though they do not elaborate on that thought in full. Nonetheless, Nacos and Torres-Reyna have compiled some valuable data in a highly accessible work that should be near the top of a long list of titles that chronicle the failures of the American media in the last decade.
Quadriceps fatigue test: Test-retest reliability study and relationship to quadriceps activation failure

BACKGROUND: The quadriceps fatigue test is used to measure the progressive, exercise-induced, decline in the quadriceps maximal torque generating capacity over the course of time as an indicator of quadriceps fatigue. Reliability of this test has not been reported. PURPOSES: To determine: (1) test-retest reliability of the quadriceps fatigue test and (2) the relationship between quadriceps activation failure (QAF) and the quadriceps fatigue. METHODS: Nineteen volunteers with no history of knee impairments participated in two testing sessions. The quadriceps fatigue test was performed using repeated isometric quadriceps contractions at 50% of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque. MAIN RESULTS: The quadriceps fatigue test demonstrated good test-retest reliability (ICC’s of 0.92 (95% CI = 0.81 to 0.96) for the MVIC rate of decline at 5 minutes and 0.89 (95% CI = 0.75 to 0.95) for the MVIC rate of decline at total time. The results indicate that the quadriceps fatigue was due to “central fatigue”. Increased rate of decline of MVIC torque (i.e., more fatigue) was associated with higher magnitude of QAF (r= 0.52). CONCLUSION: In healthy individuals, the quadriceps fatigue test demonstrated good test-retest reliability. Quadriceps activation failure may play an important role on quadriceps fatigue mechanisms.
Effect of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate on Incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease and Rate of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Decrement in HIV-1–Infected Treatment-Naïve Asian Patients: Results from 12-Year Observational Cohort

Abstract Little evidence is available for the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and rate of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decrement among Asians with low body weight who are susceptible to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) nephrotoxicity. In this 12‐year observational cohort in Tokyo, we examined 1383 treatment‐naïve HIV‐1‐infected Asians [720 started TDF‐containing (TDF group) and 663 started non‐TDF‐containing (control) combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)]. The CKD incidence was calculated, and the effect of TDF use on CKD development was estimated using logistic regression. The eGFR slopes, before and after cART initiation, were estimated using mixed‐effects linear spline models. Most patients were males (median weight, 62.6 kg; 83% started ritonavir‐boosted protease inhibitors; median observation duration, 5.08 years). CKD developed in 150 patients (10.8%), with an incidence of 20.6 per 1000 person‐years [confidence interval (95% CI), 17.6‐24.2]. None developed end‐stage renal disease. TDF use was associated with CKD [odds ratio (OR), 1.8; 95% CI, 1.00‐3.13; p = 0.052]. The cumulative mean loss in the TDF group, relative to the control, increased over time after 1, 4, and 8 years of TDF exposure (‐3.8, ‐5.5, and ‐9.0 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively; p < 0.0001). The eGFR rapidly declined during the first 3 months of cART, particularly in the TDF group (‐26.4 vs. ‐7.4 mL/min/1.73m2/year in the control). In the TDF group, cART introduction was significantly associated with a faster rate of eGFR decline (from ‐0.44 to ‐2.11 mL/min/1.73 m2/year; p = 0.010), whereas in the control, the difference was not significant. For HIV‐1‐infected Asian patients with low body weight, TDF‐containing cART is associated with CKD and faster eGFR declines.
memExtraction of Citric Acid by Liquid Surfactant Membranes: Bench Experiments in Single and Multistage Operation

phase), and citric acid aqueous solutions (feed phase). Two factorial designs (2 5–1 and 2 3 ) were used to define suitable operating conditions, in a single stage, producing citric acid solutions at 0.25 g mL –1 from aqueous feed solutions at 0.10 g mL –1 . The parameters investigated and the best operating conditions obtained were pH of the feed phase (pH = 1.5), surfactant (w s = 2 %) and carrier concentrations in the membrane phase (w c = 20 %), stirring speed (v = 145 rpm), and permeation time (t = 10 minutes) and the response variables were the citric acid concentration in the inner and feed phases and inner phase swelling. Under these conditions, an extraction greater than 50 % and swelling equal to 80 % were obtained. Use of recycled membranes as well as extraction in multiple stages was also evaluated. Experiments of recycling revealed that the membranes can be reused for at least three times with good performance. Extraction in multiple stages showed high efficiency for the citric acid separation (~100 %) after three steps of operation.