Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What surface maximizes entanglement entropy

For a given quantum field theory, provided the area of the entangling surface is fixed, what surface maximizes entanglement entropy? We analyze the answer to this question in four and higher dimensions. Surprisingly, in four dimensions the answer is related to a mathematical problem of finding surfaces that minimize the Willmore (bending) energy and eventually to the Willmore conjecture. We propose a generalization of the Willmore energy in higher dimensions and analyze its minimizers in a general class of topologies ${S}^{m}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{S}^{n}$ and make certain observations and conjectures that may have some mathematical significance.
Existence problems for the $p$-Laplacian

We consider a number of boundary value problems involving the $p$-Laplacian. The model case is $-\Delta_p u=V|u|^{p-2}u$ for $u\in W_0^{1,2}(D)$ with $D$ a bounded domain in ${\bf R}^n$. We derive necessary conditions for the existence of nontrivial solutions. These conditions usually involve a lower bound for a product of powers of the norm of $V$, the measure of $D$, and a sharp Sobolev constant. In most cases, these inequalities are best possible. Applications to non-linear eigenvalue problems are also discussed.
Constructing homotopy equivalences of chain complexes of free ZG-modules

We describe a general method for algorithmic construction of G-equivariant chain homotopy equivalences from non-equivariant ones. As a consequence, we obtain an algorithm for computing equivariant (co)homology of Eilenberg-MacLane spaces K(π, n), where π is a finitely generated ZG-module. This result will be used in a forthcoming paper to construct equivariant Postnikov towers of simply connected spaces with free actions of a finite group G and further to compute stable equivariant homotopy classes of maps between such spaces. The methods of this paper work for modules over any non-negatively graded differential graded algebra, whose underlying graded abelian group is free with 1 as one of the generators.
Scaling limits for simple random walks on random ordered graph trees

Consider a family of random ordered graph trees (T n ) n≥1, where T n has n vertices. It has previously been established that if the associated search-depth processes converge to the normalised Brownian excursion when rescaled appropriately as n → ∞, then the simple random walks on the graph trees have the Brownian motion on the Brownian continuum random tree as their scaling limit. Here, this result is extended to demonstrate the existence of a diffusion scaling limit whenever the volume measure on the limiting real tree is nonatomic, supported on the leaves of the limiting tree, and satisfies a polynomial lower bound for the volume of balls. Furthermore, as an application of this generalisation, it is established that the simple random walks on a family of Galton-Watson trees with a critical infinite variance offspring distribution, conditioned on the total number of offspring, can be rescaled to converge to the Brownian motion on a related α-stable tree.
Commercially Available Enteric Empty Hard Capsules, Production Technology and Application

Currently, there is a growing need to prepare small batches of enteric capsules for individual therapy or clinical evaluation since many acidic-sensitive substances should be protected from the stomach’s acidic environment, including probiotics or fecal material, in the fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) process. A suitable method seems to be the encapsulation of drugs or lyophilized alternatively frozen biological suspensions in commercial hard enteric capsules prepared by so-called Enteric Capsule Drug Delivery Technology (ECDDT). Manufacturers supply these types of capsules, made from pH-soluble polymers, in products such as AR Caps®, EnTRinsicTM, and Vcaps® Enteric, or capsules made of gelling polymers that release their content as the gel erodes over time when passing through the digestive tract. These include DRcaps®, EMBO CAPS® AP, BioVXR®, or ACGcaps™ HD. Although not all capsules in all formulations meet pharmaceutical requirements for delayed-release dosage forms in disintegration and dissolution tests, they usually find practical application. This literature review presents their composition and properties. Since ECDDT is a new technology, this article is based on a limited number of references.
Soil moisture deficit induced changes in antioxidative defense mechanism of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) varieties differing in maturity

A split plot experiment was conducted at Regional Research Station, CCS HAU, Uchani, Karnal during 2014–15 and 2015–16 to investigate the effect of different soil moisture regimes on antioxidative defense mechanism of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) varieties. The experiment consisted of three moisture regimes based on available soil moisture i.e. irrigation at 50% ASM, 40% ASM and 30% ASM in main plot and four commercial sugarcane varieties, i.e. CoS 767, CoH 128, CoJ 64 and Co 0238 in sub plot with three replications. The observations recorded on antioxidative defense system have suggested possible key characteristics of drought tolerance. Low ASM levels induced the antioxidative defense system by increasing ROS and the specific activities of antioxidative enzymes, viz. peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. Specific activity of these enzymes increased in varieties Co 0238 and CoS 767 at 60 and 90 DAP. Severe stress of 30% ASM levels also resulted in a sharp rise in total ascorbic acid content (9.36 to 13.14 mg/g), total soluble proteins (from 9.6 to 13.77 mg/g), and the increase was more in varieties Co 0238 and CoS 767. A gradual decrease was observed in all the parameters after stress revival (120 DAP). ASM levels 30% and 40% significantly reduced K+ content in leaves (2.93 to 1.83%) as compared to 50% ASM level. So, it might be concluded from this study that biochemical traits had a significant varietal variation, indicating that these parameters could be used as screening criteria for selecting the tolerant and sensitive cultivars exposed to water limiting stress.
Word Formation of the Indonesian Covid-19 Special Terms

PurposeThis study was intended to describe the process of forming the Covid-19 outbreak-related special terms in Indonesian sourcing from English. MethodThe research employed a qualitative approach which a descriptive case study design. Its primary data consisted of words and phrases associated with Covid-19 taken from news articles on the Kompas.com page during March-July 2020 using a note-taking technique. The data were then analyzed qualitatively by considering the concepts of word formation in Indonesian. Results/FindingsTh research revealed that the forming of the Covid-19 related special terms were through absorption (49%), translation (32%), and through the creation of new concepts (19%). This indicates that the absorption of English terms into Indonesian was the most dominant process. English a global language was widely absorbed by other languages, including Indonesian. ConclusionThe research shows that Covid-19 outbreak-related special terms was classified into English terms and Indonesian terms. The terms experienced three formation processes, namely the absorption, translation, and the creation of new concepts
Itao: A New Iterative Thresholding Algorithm Based Optimizer for Deep Neural Networks

In this paper, we propose a new iterative thresholding algorithm based optimizer (Itao) for deep neural networks. It is a first-order gradient-based algorithm with Tikhonov regularization for stochastic objective functions. It is fast and straightforward to implement. It acts on the parameters and their gradients, with respect to the objective function, in only one step in the backpropagation system when training a neural network. This reduces the learning time and makes it well suited for neural networks with large parameters and/or large datasets. We have experimented this algorithm on several types of loss functions such as mean squared error, mean absolute error and categorical crossentropy. Different types of models such as regression and classification are studied. The robustness of this optimizer against the noisy labels is also verified. Many of the empirical results of conducted experiments in this study show that our optimizer works well in practice. It can outperform other state-of-the-art optimizers in terms of accuracy or at least give the same results in addition to the reduction of learning time.
On Integral Cohomology of Certain Orbifolds

The CW-complex structure of certain spaces, such as effective orbifolds, can be too complicated for computational purposes. In this paper we develop the concept of $\mathbf{q}$-CW complex structure on an orbifold, to detect torsion in its integral cohomology. The main result can be applied to well-known classes of orbifolds or algebraic varieties having orbifold singularities, such as toric orbifolds, simplicial toric varieties, torus orbifolds, and weighted Grassmannians.
A spatial epidemic model with site contamination

We introduce the effect of site contamination in a model for spatial epidemic spread and show that the presence of site contamination may have a strict effect on the model in the sense that it can make an otherwise subcritical process supercritical. Each site on $\mathbb{Z}^d$ is independently assigned a random number of particles and these then perform random walks restricted to bounded regions around their home locations. At time 0, the origin is infected along with all its particles. The infection then spread in that an infected particle that jumps to a new site causes the site along with all particles located there to be infected. Also, a healthy particle that jumps to a site where infection is presents, either in that the site is infected or in the presence of infected particles, becomes infected. Particles and sites recover at rate $\lambda$ and $\gamma$, respectively, and then become susceptible to the infection again. We show that, for each given value of $\lambda$, there is a positive probability that the infection survives indefinitely if $\gamma$ is sufficiently small, and that, for each given value of $\gamma$, the infection dies out almost surely if $\lambda$ is large enough. Several open problems and modifications of the model are discussed, and some natural conjectures are supported by simulations.
ON STOCHASTICITY IN NEARLY-ELASTIC SYSTEMS

Nearly-elastic model systems with one or two degrees of freedom are considered: the system is undergoing a small loss of energy in each collision with the "wall". We show that instabilities in this purely deterministic system lead to stochasticity of its long-time behavior. Various ways to give a rigorous meaning to the last statement are considered. All of them, if applicable, lead to the same stochasticity which is described explicitly. So that the stochasticity of the long-time behavior is an intrinsic property of the deterministic systems.
“Do You Go through Tough Times? Of Course. That’s Part of Relationships.” Associations Between Perceptions of Celebrity Couples’ Conflict and Conflict Tactics of Ordinary Couples

As individuals are continually exposed to media involving celebrity couples, how do these couples influence romantic relationship processes? The current study explores perceptions of celebrity couple engagement in relationship conflict and how this might predict the conflict tactics used in adult romantic relationships. Specifically, how celebrity couples’ conflict might predict individuals’ engagement in specific conflict tactics was examined. An exploratory survey was implemented and included several measures of relationship conflict, social comparison, conflict tactics, and several other variables. Results indicated associations between perceptions of celebrity couples’ relational conflict and participants’ reported engagement in certain conflict tactics with their current romantic partner. Social comparison moderated the relationship between perceptions of celebrity couples’ relational conflict and participants’ engagement in conflict. Discussion and future directions are further elaborated.
Necessary conditions for the existence of 3-designs over finite fields with nontrivial automorphism groups

A q-design with parameters t-(v,k,lambda_t)_q is a pair (V, B) of the v-dimensional vector space V over GF(q) and a collection B of k-dimensional subspaces of V, such that each t-dimensional subspace of V is contained in precisely lambda_t members of B. In this paper we give new general necessary conditions on the existence of designs over finite fields with parameters 3-(v, k , lambda_3)_q with a prescribed automorphism group. These necessary conditions are based on a tactical decomposition of such a design over a finite field and are given in the form of equations for the coefficients of tactical decomposition matrices. In particular, they represent necessary conditions on the existence of q-analogues of Steiner systems admitting a prescribed automorphism group.
Conservation Laws of The Generalized Riemann Equations

Two special classes of conserved densities involving arbitrary smooth functions are explicitly formulated for the generalized Riemann equation at arbitrary N. The particular case when N = 2 covers most of the known conserved densities of the equation, and the result is also extended to the famous Gurevich-Zybin, Monge-Ampere and two-component Hunter-Saxton equations by considering certain reductions.
Speech Emotion Recognition System for Arabic Speakers

The Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) system is one of the essential human-computer interface applications. Despite the rapid advancement of technology, there is still a gap in SER research in the Arabic language corpus. The goal of this research is to build an Arabic-based SER based on a feature set that has both high performance and low computational cost. Two novel feature sets were implemented using a mix of spectral and prosodic features. An Arabic semi-natural corpus “EYASE” was adopted for testing the proposed system. Five machine learning classifiers using the different feature sets were implemented. Featureset-2 showed promising results in association with the SVM classifier. To validate the results, a survey analysis was implemented on the Arabic-Egyptian corpus “EYASE” used.
Robust extended state estimation for nonlinear complex networks with colored noise

In this article, a robust extended state Kalman filter estimation algorithm for nonlinear complex networks is designed, fully considering the state coupling and colored noise among system nodes. The innovative measurement information subtraction method at adjacent moments deals with colored noise, making it more in line to meet engineering requirements. The states information of system nodes is redundant, and the collected data are processed by the quantizer, which greatly reduces the impact of network bandwidth constraints. Based on the bounds of the dynamic change rate of the nonlinear function rather than the bounds of the procedure itself, the upper bound of the error covariance is obtained, and real-time gain optimization is realized. Finally, the rationality and accuracy of the estimator are verified by simulation. According to the control variable method, the effects of the quantization density and quantization level of the quantizer on the stability of system are briefly demonstrated.
Stigma Among Older Adults With Age-Related Vision Impairments

Introduction: Limited research has examined the experience and psychosocial effect of vision impairment in older adults. We examine the relationship between vision impairment and stigma using guided interviews among older adults with age-related eye disease. Methods: Thirty-six participants with vision impairment were recruited from glaucoma (n = 18) (better eye visual fields mean deviations: >5 and <15 decibels) or retina (n = 18) (better eye visual acuity: <20/40 and >20/400) clinics of the Johns Hopkins Wilmer Eye Institute between 2015 and 2020. Participants completed interviews to examine stigma surrounding age-related vision impairment. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using directed content analysis. Results: Content analyses of interview transcripts revealed underlying stigma within our cohort. Starting with categories of (1) interpersonal relationships and (2) evolving self-perception, specific domains of stigma were realized in this study. Although both enacted (external) stigma and perceived stigma were acknowledged by a subset of participants, few endorsed internalized stigma. In the face of stigma, participants demonstrated notable resiliency in adapting to and living with age-related vision impairment, captured in an additional category of (3) behavioral adaptations. Discussion: In-depth interviews revealed that older adults with vision impairment confront specific domains of stigma, including enacted and perceived stigma. Features protective against internalized stigma included older age, community support, and assistive technologies. Implications for Practitioners: A recognition of the subtypes of stigma that older adults with age-related vision impairment face is necessary to tailor support and target interventions.
Hepatocyte DAX1 Deletion Exacerbates Inflammatory Liver Injury by Inducing the Recruitment of CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells through NF-κB p65 Signaling Pathway in Mice

Fulminant hepatitis is characterized by rapid and massive immune-mediated liver injury. Dosage-sensitive sex reversal-adrenal hypoplasia congenita critical region on the X chromosome, gene 1 (DAX1; NR0B1) represses the transcription of various genes. Here, we determine whether DAX1 serves as a regulator of inflammatory liver injury induced by concanavalin A (ConA). C57BL/6J (WT), myeloid cell-specific Dax1 knockout (MKO), and hepatocyte-specific Dax1 knockout (LKO) mice received single intravenous administration of ConA. Histopathological changes in liver and plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in Dax1 MKO mice were comparable with those in WT mice following ConA administration. Unlike Dax1 MKO mice, Dax1 LKO mice were greatly susceptible to ConA-induced liver injury, which was accompanied by enhanced infiltration of immune cells, particularly CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, in the liver. Factors related to T-cell recruitment, including chemokines and adhesion molecules, significantly increased following enhanced and prolonged phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in the liver of ConA-administered Dax1 LKO mice. This is the first study to demonstrate that hepatocyte-specific DAX1 deficiency exacerbates inflammatory liver injury via NF-κB p65 activation, thereby causing T-cell infiltration by modulating inflammatory chemokines and adhesion molecules. Our results suggest DAX1 as a therapeutic target for fulminant hepatitis treatment.
Flexible sparse regularization

The seminal paper of Daubechies, Defrise, DeMol made clear that ℓ p spaces with p ∈ [ 1 , 2 ) and p-powers of the corresponding norms are appropriate settings for dealing with reconstruction of sparse solutions of ill-posed problems by regularization. It seems that the case p = 1 provides the best results in most of the situations compared to the cases p ∈ ( 1 , 2 ) . An extensive literature gives great credit also to using ℓ p spaces with p ∈ ( 0 , 1 ) together with the corresponding quasi-norms, although one has to tackle challenging numerical problems raised by the non-convexity of the quasi-norms. In any of these settings, either superlinear, linear or sublinear, the question of how to choose the exponent p has been not only a numerical issue, but also a philosophical one. In this work we introduce a more flexible way of sparse regularization by varying exponents. We introduce the corresponding functional analytic framework, that leaves the setting of normed spaces but works with so-called F-norms. One curious result is that there are F-norms which generate the ℓ1 space, but they are strictly convex, while the ℓ1-norm is just convex.
Thermal Design of Air-Cooled YASA AFPM Motor with Heat Pipes

This paper proposes a new forced air cooling with heat pipe auxiliary for yokeless and segmented armature (YASA) axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motors. Since the heat transfer path of stator for single stator double rotor (SSDR) AFPM machine is restricted, the heat pipes provide auxiliary heat dissipation paths for the windings and stator. Firstly, the winding cooling structure with auxiliary heat pipes of YASA AFPM motor is introduced because the introduction of heat pipe will occupy winding space and itself will also produce loss due to flux leakage in slots, the optimization of winding loss and heat pipe size becomes a key issue. Then, fins are added to the surface of the shell and end covers to increase the heat dissipation area and enhance convection heat exchange. Based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), the size of the heat pipe and the fins get optimized in this paper. The temperature distribution of YASA AFPM motor are obtained. The results show that when the length, width, and height is respectively set to 18mm, 5mm, and 102.5 mm, the interaction between the thermal and electromagnetic performance reduces the peak temperature of YASA AFPM to $146.31 ^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$, which has certain reference significance for improving the operational reliability of the AFPM synchronous motors in YASA structures.
Characteristic classes for curves of genus one

We compute the cohomology of the stackM1 over C with coefficients in Z[12 ], and in low degrees with coefficients in Z. Cohomology classes onM1 give rise to characteristic classes, cohomological invariants of families of curves of genus one. We prove a number of vanishing results for those characteristic classes and give explicit examples of families with nonvanishing characteristic classes.
Childhood Maltreatment in Females Is Associated with Enhanced Fear Acquisition and an Overgeneralization of Fear

Childhood maltreatment may alter fear neurocircuitry, which results in pathological anxiety and depression. One alteration of fear-related behaviors that has been observed in several psychiatric populations is an overgeneralization of fear. Thus, we examined the association between childhood maltreatment and fear generalization in a non-clinical sample of young adults. Two hundred and ninety-one participants underwent differential fear conditioning in a fear-potentiated startle paradigm. One visual stimulus (CS+), but not another (CS−), was associated with an aversive airblast to the throat (US) during acquisition. The next day, participants were tested for their fear responses to the CS+, CS−, and several generalization stimuli (GS) without the presence of the US. Participants also completed questionnaires that assessed symptoms of childhood maltreatment, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants reporting high childhood maltreatment (n = 71; 23 males, 48 females) exhibited significantly greater anxiety, depression, and symptoms of PTSD than participants reporting low childhood maltreatment (n = 220; 133 males, 87 females). Females reporting high childhood maltreatment demonstrated significantly enhanced fear learning and greater fear generalization, based on their fear-potentiated startle responses. Our findings suggest that childhood maltreatment may sex-dependently influence the development of fear neurocircuitry and result in greater fear generalization in maltreated females.
Bounds for eigenforms on arithmetic hyperbolic $3$-manifolds

On a family of arithmetic hyperbolic 3-manifolds of square-free level, we prove an upper bound for the sup-norm of Hecke–Maas cusp forms, with a power saving over the local geometric bound simultaneously in the Laplacian eigenvalue and the volume. By a novel combination of Diophantine and geometric arguments in a noncommutative setting, we obtain bounds as strong as the best corresponding results on arithmetic surfaces.