Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the generalization of BH procedure

In modern multiple testing literature, there are many procedures proposed which control a certain rate of type I error, such as the false discovery rate (fdr). The method proposed in Benjamini and Hochberg [1995] (abbreviated as bh method) is shown to control fdr at any designated level under independence assumption. However, controlling fdr is not enough. It is important to develop “optimal” procedure which minimizes a certain rate of Type II error, subject to the controlling of fdr . Unfortunately, even the oracle version of bh method is not optimal for cases when the likelihood ratio h(x) = f1(x)/f0(x) is non-monotonic where f0(x) and f1(x) are the density function under the null and alternative hypothesis respectively. In this case, the optimal method is determined by cutting the function h(x), or local fdr introduced Efron at some threshold. However, the local fdr based method relies “good” estimators of the density function, which has slow convergence rate. The data-driven version of the optimal method works poorly or even completely fails for cases as shown in this paper. In this paper, we proposed a generalized method of bh method (abbreviated as gbh ) which is optimal even for cases when h(x) is not monotone. The final proposed method uses the empirical cumulative distribution function (cdf) which converges faster than any density estimation. The resultant method works better than both the bh method and local fdr based approach. Keyword: p-value, monotone likelihood ratio, convergence rate, optimality.
Numerical Simulation of the Effect of the Size of Suspensions on the Solidification Process of Nanoparticle-Enhanced Phase Change Materials

Nanostructure-enhanced phase change materials (NePCM) have been widely studied in recent years due to their enhanced thermal conductivity and improved charge/discharge in thermal energy storage applications. In this study, the effect of the size of the nanoparticles on the morphology of the solid–liquid interface and the evolving concentration field during solidification is reported. Combining a one-fluid-mixture approach with the single-domain enthalpy-porosity model for phase change and assuming a linear dependence of the liquidus and solidus temperatures of the mushy zone on the local concentration of the nanoparticles subject to a constant value of the segregation coefficient, thermal-solutal convection as well as the Brownian and thermophoretic effects are taken into account. A square cavity containing a suspension of copper nanoparticles (diameter of 5 and 2 nm) in water was the model NePCM considered. Subject to a 5 � C temperature difference between the hot (top) and cold (bottom) sides and with an initial loading of the nanoparticles equal to 10 wt. % (1.22 vol. %), the colloid was solidified from the bottom. The solid–liquid interface for the case of NePCM with 5 nm particle size was almost planar throughout the solidification process. However, for the case of the NePCM with particle size of 2 nm, the solid–liquid interface evolved from a stable planar shape to an unstable dendritic structure. This transition was attributed to the constitutional supercooling effect, whereby the rejected particles that are pushed away from the interface into the liquid zone form regions of high concentration thus leading to a lower solidus temperature. Moreover, for the smaller particle size of 2 nm, the ensuing solutal convection at the liquid–solid interface due to the concentration gradient is affected by the increased Brownian diffusivity. Due to size-dependent rejection of nanoparticles, the frozen layer that resulted from a dendritic growth contains regions of depleted concentration. Despite the higher thermal conductivity of the colloids, the amount of frozen phase during a fixed time period diminished as the particle size decreased. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4023542]
Oscillations of a water droplet illuminated by a linearly polarized laser pulse

A wave optical calculation is made of the distortion of a micrometer-sized water droplet illuminated by a short laser pulse (duration, 0.4 µs). First we find electromagnetic surface forces, assuming that the surface is at rest; thereafter we find the distortion by using the linearized Navier–Stokes equation. We illustrate the motion as a function of time, up to 22 µs after passage of the pulse. This study generalizes the earlier one of Lai [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B6, 2430 (1989)] to the case of linear polarization and is in reasonable agreement with the experiment of Zhang Chang [Opt. Lett.13, 916 (1988)].
Cantilever-like micromechanical sensors

The field of cantilever-based sensing emerged in the mid-1990s and is today a well-known technology for label-free sensing which holds promise as a technique for cheap, portable, sensitive and highly parallel analysis systems. The research in sensor realization as well as sensor applications has increased significantly over the past 10 years. In this review we will present the basic modes of operation in cantilever-like micromechanical sensors and discuss optical and electrical means for signal transduction. The fundamental processes for realizing miniaturized cantilevers are described with focus on silicon- and polymer-based technologies. Examples of recent sensor applications are given covering such diverse fields as drug discovery, food diagnostics, material characterizations and explosives detection.
Aesthetic categories: construction and validation of the AESCATScale

Purpose: The aim of this study focused on the elaboration and validation of an organizational aesthetic perception scale (AESCATScale) to be used in understanding individuals’ perceptions of organizational life. Design/methodology/approach: We carried out a literature review, exploratory interviews, two separate surveys, and multivariate analyses. The scale was validated through an application with a large sample of college professors. Findings: Our outcomes consisted of a multidimensional construct model for the perception of organizational aesthetics (AESCATScale), with seven dimensions and 20 items. According to our analysis, the organizational aesthetics construct is consistent and may be the basis for future studies on the subject. Research limitations/implications: We highlight three peculiar limitations to the research: a) the subjective nature of the theme, b) the lack of comprehension of some categories by respondents and c) the sample used was chosen for its accessibility and to have been restricted to college professors of a single state in Brazil. Practical implications: The AESCATScale may reveal the sensitive logic underlying several organizational practices in the workplace based on a sensitive point of view. Also, it can be a valuable tool to aid in a manager’s decision-making in situations of change. Originality/value: This study introduces a differentiated approach to organizational management that can sometimes be missed due to its abstract nature. Therefore, it introduces a novelty research tool that can be used in corporate and academic environments.
Effects of Oral Consumption of Nicotiana Tabacum During Pregnancy on the Liver and Prolactin Levels of Adult Female Wistar Rats

Introduction: Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is a globally consumed plant that contains harmful alkaloids such as nicotine. Aim: To study the effects of tobacco consumption during pregnancy on the liver and prolactin levels of adult female Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The research was done using 21 female Wistar rats which were randomly and evenly separated into groups I, II and III. Pregnant rats in groups II (GII) and III(GIII) received 0.32 g/kg and 0.64 g/kg body weight of tobacco respectively with the use of an oral gavage while pregnant rats in the control group (GI) did not receive the stock solution. On the 23rd day, blood samples and the livers were collected for examination. Blood samples were collected from the mother rats forthe estimation of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin levels. The liverswere stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin stains to examine the histological architecture. Results: Liver enzyme assays on the mother rats showed that AST for GII (54.67±3.06 iu/L) and GIII(55.00±7.02 iu/L) were not significantly different (p>0.05) from GI(56.00±0.00 iu/L) using Tukey post hoc test. ALT for GII (41.67±3.51 iu/L) and GIII (47.00±2.58 iu/L) were also not significantly different (p>0.05) from GI (45.00±1.41 iu/L). The total bilirubin value for GII (0.87±0.29 mg/dL) was not significantly different (p>0.05) from GI (0.85±0.07 mg/dL), but total bilirubin for GIII (1.88±0.22 mg/dL) was significantly different(p<0.05) to that of GI. There was a significant decrease(p<0.05) in prolactin levels of mother rats in GII (1.75±0.35 ng/ml) and GIII (1.50±0.71 ng/ml) when compared to GI (11.15±0.35 ng/ml). Histological findings showed that the liver of mother rats in GII and GIII were damaged. Conclusion: The consumption of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) by female Wistar rats during pregnancy inhibits prolactin secretion and severely alters theliver histological architecture.
Esterified Soy Proteins with Enhanced Antibacterial Properties for the Stabilization of Nano-Emulsions under Acidic Conditions

Soy protein isolate (SPI), including β-conglycinin (7S) and glycinin (11S), generally have low solubility under weakly acidic conditions due to the pH closed to their isoelectric points (pIs), which has limited their application in acidic emulsions. Changing protein pI through modification by esterification could be a feasible way to solve this problem. This study aimed to obtain stable nano-emulsion with antibacterial properties under weakly acidic conditions by changing the pI of soy protein emulsifiers. Herein, the esterified soy protein isolate (MSPI), esterified β-conglycinin (M7S), and esterified glycinin (M11S) proteins were prepared. Then, pI, turbidimetric titration, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, intrinsic fluorescence spectra, and emulsifying capacity of esterified protein were discussed. The droplet size, the ζ-potential, the stability, and the antibacterial properties of the esterified protein nano-emulsion were analyzed. The results revealed that the esterified proteins MSPI, M7S, and M11S had pIs, which were measured by ζ-potentials, as pH 10.4, 10.3, and 9.0, respectively, as compared to native proteins. All esterified-protein nano-emulsion samples showed a small mean particle size and good stability under weakly acidic conditions (pH 5.0), which was near the original pI of the soy protein. Moreover, the antibacterial experiments showed that the esterified protein-based nano-emulsion had an inhibitory effect on bacteria at pH 5.0.
Transmitter Space Shift Keying With Maximum- Ratio Combining and Receiver Spatial Modulation With Maximum-Ratio Transmission in Downlink Cellular Systems

The author investigates the performance of transmitter space shift keying (TSSK) with maximum-ratio combining (MRC) and receiver spatial modulation (RSM) with maximum-ratio transmission (MRT) in an unbalanced number of antennas at the transmitter and receiver. The author shows that RSM-MRT exhibits a superior performance under the same data rate, transmit power, and bandwidth in downlink cellular network systems where the number of transmit antennas at the base station is much larger than the number of receiver antennas at the mobile station. The author identifies a figure of metric as fading parameters and finds their probability density function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function (CDF). The performance gap between TSSK-MRC and RSM-MRT expands as the number of antennas increases while maintaining the same ratio of the number of antennas at the transmitter and receiver for a chosen modulation.
Relationship between Health Inequalities and Breast Cancer Survival in Mexican Women

Objective: We aimed to analyze the relationship between the survival of patients with breast cancer and health inequalities. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of women with stage III breast cancer according to public healthcare was conducted. Groups were stratified according to the course of treatment and the presence of chronic disease other than cancer. Survival functions were estimated by using the Kaplan–Meier estimator, while the Cox proportional hazards model was employed for prognostic assessment. Results: The study was performed on 964 breast cancer patients. One hundred and seventy-six patients (18.23%) died during the follow-up period and 788 (81.77%) were alive at the end of the follow-up period. Education, marital status, personal history of prior biopsies, and socioeconomic status (SES) were found to be linked with survival. However, only SES exceeded the baseline risk of mortality when the treatment cycle was interrupted (full treatment: unadjusted 4.683, p = 0.001; adjusted 4.888 p = 0.001, partial treatment: unadjusted 1.973, p = 0.012; adjusted 4.185, p = 0.001). The same effect was observed when stratifying by the presence of chronic disease other than cancer (with chronic disease adjusted HR = 4.948, p = 0.001; unadjusted HR = 3.303, p = 0.001; without chronic disease adjusted HR = 4.850, p = 0.001; unadjusted HR = 5.121, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Since lower SES was linked with a worse prognosis, strategies to promote preventive medicine, particularly breast cancer screening programs and prompt diagnosis, are needed.
A three-dimensional Delaunay unstructured grid generator and flow solver for bodies in relative motion

A scheme to generate dynamic unstructured grids and an implicit upwind Euler solver are presented to compute solutions on dynamic grids in threedimensions. The grid generation scheme produces Delaunay unstructured triangular or tetrahedral meshes for static and dynamic grid cases. To obtain a solution for multiple bodies in relative motion, dynamic grid restructuring and smoothing are implemented to provide a high quality unstructured grid for the flow solver. The scheme uses the boundary node location and a user specified clustering parameter to determine where nodes on the interior should be added and deleted to maintain a smooth variation in cell volume. In this analysis, numerical results are compared to experimental data for a complex wing-pylonlfinned-store configuration.
A Metadata-Assisted Cascading Ensemble Classification Framework for Automatic Annotation of Open IoT Data

Public Internet of Things (IoT) platforms, such as Thingspeak, significantly increased the availability of open IoT data and enabled faster and cheaper development of novel IoT applications by reducing or even eliminating the need for deploying their own IoT sensors and platforms. However, open IoT data is often heterogeneous, sparse, fuzzy, and lacks accurate description (which we refer to as IoT metadata). These limitations make open IoT data challenging to integrate and use, and prevent the efficient development of IoT applications. In fact, while several sensor data description models have been proposed and standardized, open IoT data currently lack or include only partial metadata description. Therefore, novel techniques for automatically annotating open IoT data are needed to fully unleash the power of open IoT. This article proposes a novel metadata-assisted cascading ensemble classification framework (MACE) for the automatic annotation of IoT data. MACE is capable of sequentially combining standalone classifiers, enabling it to cope with heterogeneous IoT data and different domains of information (e.g., numerical and textual), which have not been considered previously. MACE incorporates a novel ensemble approach for automatically selecting, sorting, filtering, and assembling classifiers in a way that improves annotation performance. This article presents extensive experimental evaluations of MACE using public IoT data sets. Results demonstrate that the MACE framework significantly outperforms existing solutions for open IoT data by as much as 10% in classification accuracy.
Toddlers and the Telly: A latent profile analysis of children’s television time and content and behavioral outcomes one year later in the U.S.

ABSTRACT Despite the ubiquity of tablets and smartphones, television remains the most frequently used screen media consumed by young children. However, it is likely that variability exists in how young children use media; for example, while some may view small amounts of aggressive content, others may view many hours each day of aggressive and prosocial media content. It is possible that differences in toddler television time and content also impact behavioral outcomes. The aims of this study were two-fold; first, we examined profiles of children’s time spent watching television and media content viewed. Second, we examined longitudinal relations between media use profiles and outcomes including aggression, prosocial behavior, and problematic media use. Results suggested a three-profile solution of children’s television time and content, including “Low TV content,” “High child-centered content,” and “High aggressive content” profiles. The “High aggressive content” group experienced higher levels of problematic media use and aggressive behavior one year later compared to other classes. The discussion focuses on implications of these findings. We urge parents to become aware of both television time and media content as they may relate to problematic media use behaviors in young children. IMPACT SUMMARY Prior State of Knowledge: Television content (e.g., aggressive, educational) has been associated with outcomes in toddlerhood. Existing research also suggests that viewing aggressive or violent media content is positively associated with problematic media use in young children. Novel Contributions: Varying outcomes existed for children based on membership in three television time/content profiles. Notably, parents of toddlers in the group viewing high levels of aggressive content reported more negative outcomes for their children including higher levels of aggressive behavior and problematic media use. Practical Implications: We encourage parents and caregivers to become aware of the television content their children are consuming, and to limit television content that is aggressive or violent in nature.
A Probabilistic Quality Model for C# - an Industrial Case Study

Both for software developers and managers it is crucial to have clues about different aspects of the quality of their systems. Maintainability is probably the most attractive, observed and evaluated quality characteristic of all. The importance of maintainability lies in its very obvious and direct connection with the costs of altering the behavior of the software. In this paper we present an existing approach and its adaptation to the C# language for estimating the maintainability of the source code. We used our model to assess the maintainability of the C# components of a large international company. We analyzed almost a million lines of code and evaluated the results with the help of IT professionals of our industrial partner. The application of our method and model was successful as the opinions of the developers showed a 0.92 correlation with the maintainability values produced by our C# maintainability model.
Convection Cells With Accumulating Crust: Models of Continent and Mantle Evolution

Numerical calculations of two component cellular convection with a lighter component diffusing down from the top are a simple model of the convection of rocky planets with a crust. The crust either is mixed down, floats along the top as blobs (continents separated by ocean basins), or forms layers. The calculations are for very viscous fluid with density variations from temperature and the lighter component representing the crust. If variations are approximately the same size, the lighter component collects along the top into H‐shaped blobs/clusters that have a flat midsection with two lobes on each end. Elevations are calculated for a free upper surface and the shape resembles continent and ocean floor topography with level interiors and thickening (mountains) at the edges produced by sinking at the margins. Between each pair of clusters, thermal and concentration boundary layers resemble ocean basins with spreading centers. Convection is unsteady but introducing internal decay of the lighter concentration produces steady flow. Internal heating produces similar results along with periodic drifting and merging of blobs like some geological cycles. The fact that these features arise without phase changes or viscosity variation implies that blobs of continent‐like crust might be widely found on rocky planets.
Deployment of Energy-Efficient Aerial Communication Platforms With Low-Complexity Detection

Due to their flexibility, mobility and autonomy, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are considered as a potential candidate to operate as flying base stations to provide a specific geographical area with air-to-ground wireless communications services. Besides, the limitation of the on-board energy motivates the design of a more energy-efficient way to transmit information. Moreover, the deployment of multiple UAVs can affect the quality of experience (QoE) of users. In this paper, we propose a method that combines the concept of index modulation (IM) with the UAV communications systems, which we refer to as IM-UAV, to attain an improved energy-efficiency (EE). Furthermore, based on the proposed IM-UAV communication system, a gradient descent based UAV deployment scheme is designed to maximize the downlink average rate of the ground users (GUs) in the target area. On the other hand, the maximum likelihood (ML) detection for the IM-UAV requires a high computational complexity for detection at the GUs, while providing the best possible performance. Hence, we propose a low-complexity detection scheme that can separately detect the index symbols and data symbols to reduce the computational complexity at the receiver side. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed deployment method is capable of attaining the appropriate positions to deploy the UAVs, while the EE is also improved by combining IM with UAV communication system. In addition, the proposed low-complexity detection scheme reduces the computation complexity by slightly sacrificing the bit error rate (BER) performance.
A Connection between Correlation and Contingency

Let us consider a discontinuous bivariate distribution. That is, let us consider N × Q non-negative values pνq (ν = 1, 2, …, N; q = 1, 2, …, Q), being the theoretical probabilities of the νth value of a variate Xμ (μ = 1, 2, …, N) concurring with the qth value of a second variate Ys (s = 1, 2, …, Q).
BICM-ID Labeling-Based Recipient Identification in a Heterogeneous Network

The concept of labeling-based recipient identification (LABRID) for bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding (BICM-ID) is revisited. LABRID allows addressing a message recipient station in a wireless network by using an individual labeling map without compromising error performance. This eliminates the need to use any byte of the data frame to carry the recipient address explicitly. In addition, the destination of the frame can be determined in parallel with a BICM-ID decoding procedure in the receiver’s physical layer. Therefore, the MAC layer is not involved in processing the vast majority of frames transmitted in a network. Previously, it was shown that LABRID works fine if there are only LABRID-compatible stations within the network, and every receiver can reject frames destined for other receivers. This paper considers a scenario in which LABRID-compatible BICM-ID stations and legacy BICM stations coexist in the same network. A few experiments show that the LABRID receiver can reject an old-fashioned BICM frame by judging the convergence of the iterative decoding process. It also turns out that the legacy BICM receiver can identify and dismiss the LABRID-type frames thanks to the standard cyclic redundancy check (CRC) procedure.