Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inter-Population Genetic Diversity and Clustering of Merozoite Surface Protein-1 (pkmsp-1) of Plasmodium knowlesi Isolates from Malaysia and Thailand

The genetic diversity of pkmsp-1 of Malaysian Plasmodium knowlesi isolates was studied recently. However, the study only included three relatively older strains from Peninsular Malaysia and focused mainly on the conserved blocks of this gene. In this study, the full-length pkmsp-1 sequence of recent P. knowlesi isolates from Peninsular Malaysia was characterized, along with Malaysian Borneo and Thailand pkmsp-1 sequences that were retrieved from GenBank. Genomic DNA of P. knowlesi was extracted from human blood specimens and the pkmsp-1 gene was PCR-amplified, cloned, and sequenced. The sequences were analysed for genetic diversity, departure from neutrality, and geographical clustering. The pkmsp-1 gene was found to be under purifying/negative selection and grouped into three clusters via a neighbour-joining tree and neighbour net inferences. Of the four polymorphic blocks in pkmsp-1, block IV, was most polymorphic, with the highest insertion–deletion (indel) sites. Two allelic families were identified in block IV, thereby highlighting the importance of this block as a promising genotyping marker for the multiplicity of infection study of P. knowlesi malaria. A single locus marker may provide an alternate, simpler method to type P. knowlesi in a population.
CS 376 Programming with Abstract Data Types

data types given by an initial specification can be implemented in most modern programming languages. By means of some simple examples, we describe and compare the implementation of abstract data types in a functional and an object-oriented style. We discuss the dangers of breaking abstraction barriers in software development, or using non-persistent, that is, destructive operations (which are typical in imperative programming). We also describe some simple techniques of improving the efficiency of the implementation of ADTs. 7.1 Implementing ADTs in Functional and Object Oriented Style Consider the following initial specification of an abstract data type of binary trees with natural numbers attached to each node. Init Spec TREE import NAT, BOOLE Sorts tree Operations leaf : nat→ tree branch : tree× nat× tree→ tree isleaf : tree→ boole root : tree→ nat left : tree→ tree right : tree→ tree Variables x : nat, s, t : tree Equations isleaf(leaf(x)) = T isleaf(branch(s, x, t)) = F root(leaf(x)) = x root(branch(s, x, t)) = x left(leaf(x)) = error left(branch(s, x, t)) = s right(leaf(x)) = error right(branch(s, x, t)) = t We first implement the Abstract Data Type TREE in the functional programming language Haskell. Obviously, the type of integers in TREE could be replaced by any other data type. Therefore we define, more generally, a polymorphic data type of trees with labels from some unspecified type a.
Genome-Wide Identification, Expression and Stress Analysis of the GRAS Gene Family in Phoebe bournei

GRAS genes are important transcriptional regulators in plants that govern plant growth and development through enhancing plant hormones, biosynthesis, and signaling pathways. Drought and other abiotic factors may influence the defenses and growth of Phoebe bournei, which is a superb timber source for the construction industry and building exquisite furniture. Although genome-wide identification of the GRAS gene family has been completed in many species, that of most woody plants, particularly P. bournei, has not yet begun. We performed a genome-wide investigation of 56 PbGRAS genes, which are unequally distributed across 12 chromosomes. They are divided into nine subclades. Furthermore, these 56 PbGRAS genes have a substantial number of components related to abiotic stress responses or phytohormone transmission. Analysis using qRT-PCR showed that the expression of four PbGRAS genes, namely PbGRAS7, PbGRAS10, PbGRAS14 and PbGRAS16, was differentially increased in response to drought, salt and temperature stresses, respectively. We hypothesize that they may help P. bournei to successfully resist harsh environmental disturbances. In this work, we conducted a comprehensive survey of the GRAS gene family in P. bournei plants, and the results provide an extensive and preliminary resource for further clarification of the molecular mechanisms of the GRAS gene family in P. bournei in response to abiotic stresses and forestry improvement.
Inversion alleviation for stable elastic body simulation

In general, it is not easy to simulate an elastic body that undergoes large deformations. Especially when its elements are inverted or tangled, that is, when its vertices penetrate its polygons, simulation often fails. In this paper, we propose a simple yet highly effective method for alleviating the inversion problems of elastic bodies. Our experiments made with typical optimization‐based solvers demonstrate that the proposed method successfully stabilizes the solvers and produces visually plausible motions. We believe that our method can be widely adopted by a variety of state‐of‐the‐art elastic‐body simulators thanks to its simplicity.
Parental warmth moderates the relation between children’s lying and theory-of-mind

Lying is a prevalent and normative behavior in young children. Conceptually, it is strongly linked with children’s theory-of-mind development. However, empirical studies show that the link between children’s lying and theory-of-mind is heterogeneous. This study examined whether parental control and parental warmth moderate the link between children’s lying and theory-of-mind understanding. Three- to six-year-old Singaporean children (N = 116, Mage = 59 months, 59 male, 81.0% Chinese) participated in the temptation resistance paradigm, in which they were asked to guess the identity of a toy but instructed not to peek at it when left alone. Parental control and parental warmth were assessed via a parent–child interactive game. Results showed that the relation between children’s maintenance of their initial lie and general theory-of-mind understanding was moderated by parental warmth. Specifically, there was a negative relation between children’s lying and theory-of-mind for dyads with high parental warmth, but a positive relation between children’s lying and theory-of-mind for dyads with low parental warmth. Overall, the findings suggest that children’s lying behavior is the outcome of a complex interaction between cognitive and social factors.
Development of turbulent boundary layers past a step change in wall roughness

In this study, the development of a boundary layer past a change in surface roughness (from rough to smooth, $\text{R}\rightarrow \text{S}$ ) is examined. Measurements of the flow were made by hot wires, whereas the friction velocity was estimated by Preston tube measurements. By means of a diagnostic plot of the turbulence intensity, it is shown that above the internal layer the flow exhibits characteristics of a rough, wall-bounded flow, whereas near the wall the turbulence intensity is similar to that of an isolated smooth wall. Similarly, viscous scaling of the mean streamwise velocity shows an excessive wake region downstream of the $\text{R}\rightarrow \text{S}$ wall surface change that diminishes with the fetch from the surface change. Above the internal layer a second peak in the streamwise Reynolds stress was associated with the upstream rough-wall flow. Examination of the turbulent spectra revealed the presence of large-scale motions within this region that gradually diminish in strength with increasing distance from the change in surface roughness. The magnitude of the near-wall peak failed to collapse to that of a comparable smooth-wall boundary layer under viscous scaling, however, the wall-normal location of the peak appears to be at $y^{+}\approx 15$ at all downstream distances. A new mixed scaling is proposed for the near-wall peak based on the corrected wake deficit and the friction velocity. This shows the importance of outer region to the growth of near-wall peak in this non-equilibrium boundary layer.
A Transfer Learning Based Approach for Human Foot Image Classification

A human footprint has all the properties like fingerprint which are required for authentication. It has all the desirable properties including uniqueness, universality, and invariability, yet not very widely used for authentication purpose. Hence exploring this novel biometric system is very important. The article explores the singularity available in a footprint image, it is further utilized while performing footprint classification. The main application of footprint classification is to reduce the sample size while performing the authentication. Four different singularities are manually marked on the collected dataset, furthermore, it is trained using different CNN models VGGNet16 and ResNet. A VGGNet-16 model has 16 convolution layer of uniform architecture,with 138 million parameters per layer, while a ResNet50 has 152 layers which is 8×8 times deeper than VGGNet-16. These models are tested on poor-quality dataset (most of the time we are not able to collect clear footprint images), it provides the accuracy of 80%.
Gait recognition with Radon transform and 2-D principal component analysis

In the principal component analysis method,concatenating an image matrix often leads to a 1-D vector with high dimensionality,which makes it very difficult and time-consuming to compute the corresponding eigenvec-tors.By combining static components and dynamic information about the walking style,a novel gait representation was proposed.Gait characteristics were obtained from the Radon transform of gait sequences,where a single image could represent a person’s features by template construction.Then,two dimensional principal component analysis ( 2DPCA) was used to reduce the dimensions of training and testing data.The nearest neighbor classifier was em-ployed to distinguish the different gaits of human.We tested the proposed gait recognition method on the CASIA gait database.The experimental results demonstrated that,when frequency is chosen properly in template construc-tion,extraction of gait features using the Radon transform and column 2DPCA is very effective.
Contrapposto posture captures visual attention: An online gaze tracking experiment

ABSTRACT Goddesses of love and beauty are frequently depicted in artwork in a contrapposto posture with one leg relaxing while the other bears the weight. Previous research has indicated that compared to an upright standing pose, a contrapposto pose is considered more attractive with its curviness capturing greater visual attention. Yet, whether a body posed in contrapposto is generally more visually attention-grabbing than an upright body remains unknown. We sought to address this gap and also examined if individual differences in sociosexuality – individual differences in willingness to engage in uncommitted sexual relations – influence attentional allocation. Online gaze-tracking was employed to monitor subjects (n = 71) during image presentation in a preferential looking design (contrapposto verse standing). Participants had a greater proportion of their gaze directed towards female bodies depicted in contrapposto pose compared to a standing posture over an extended period of time but not in the first gaze shift. Moreover, sociosexuality correlated positively with the proportion of gazes towards contrapposto stimuli but fell short of statistical significance. The results of the current study indicate that top-down factors play a role in how people allocate more attention to contrapposto poses.
The continuous usage of artificial intelligence (AI)-powered mobile fitness applications: the goal-setting theory perspective

PurposeDue to the popularity of mobile devices and the development of artificial intelligence (AI), AI-powered mobile fitness applications (MFAs) have entered people's daily lives. However, the extant literature lacks empirical investigations that explore users' continuance usage intentions regarding AI-powered MFAs. To fill this research gap, this paper employs goal-setting theory to establish a research model for exploring how AI-enabled features (i.e. intelligence and anthropomorphism) affect users' perceptions of goal difficulties and goal specificities, which in turn affect their MFA continuance usage intentions.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a survey method to analyze the research model, and a total of 223 responses are collected. The partial least squares (PLS) technique is utilized for data analysis.FindingsThe results show that intelligence and anthropomorphism affect the continuance usage intention of MFA users through their goal difficulty and specificity. Both intelligence and anthropomorphism positively influence goal specificity, whereas they negatively affect goal difficulty. In addition, goal specificity increases users' MFA continuance usage intention, whereas goal difficulty decreases users' continuance usage intention. The findings of this study provide theoretical contributions for AI technology adoption research and offer practical strategies for firms to retain MFA users.Originality/valueBased on goal-setting theory, this study reveals that as two primary AI features of contemporary mobile fitness apps, intelligence and anthropomorphism, can increase comprehension of users' perceptions regarding goal difficulty and specificity in the context of users' continuance usage intentions toward AI-powered MFAs.
Quad SRR Slot Dual band Antenna for n48/n78 band and WLAN Applications

A Split Ring Resonator (SRR) based dual-band antenna design is proposed in this paper functioning at n48/n78 band used for 5G applications and at 5.2 GHz applied for WLAN purposes. To achieve miniaturization in the antenna size, slots are made based on the current distribution of successive stages without comprising the frequency of operation. The designed antenna exhibits dual bands of 3.7 GHz and 5.2 GHz due to slot cutting on the patch and quad SRR structures on the ground. Using a 0.8 mm thickness FR4 substrate the suggested antenna is designed. The proposed antenna design exhibits a peak gain of 1.33 dB at 3.7 GHz and 1.20dB at 5.2 GHz. The radiation efficiency of the designed antenna is 56% for 3.7 GHz and 70% for 5.2 GHz. The proposed antenna offers a good return loss of -34 dB at n48/n78 bands and -32 dB at the WLAN band.
Artificial Intelligence for Defence in an EQF6 Training and Education Program, from the Design to the Execution

In this paper, we present the main steps of the methodology we followed to design and prototype a module dedicated to artificial intelligence (AI) for Defence for students at the level 6 in the European Qualifications Framework (EQF). Based on a top-down approach for the design taking into account the market needs, this module is based on seasonal schools, project-based learning and invited speakers coming from the local ecosystem sharing their experiences with AI. This combination aims at attracting students to engineering in the field of Defence. Finally, it should be noted that a part of this module can be done in a hybrid way.
Guided complex waves. Part 2: Relation to radiation patterns

The presence of complex waves in the near field of a source-excited plane homogeneous interface is shown to play an important role in determining certain features of the radiation field. A Kirchhoff-Huygens integration over the near field reveals that, whenever these complex waves are strongly excited, they account for peaks in the radiation pattern. Under unidirectional excitation, each complex wave yields a single peak at some oblique angle; for bi-directional excitation, either two peaks appear symmetrically located about a normal to the interface, or a single peak is present in this normal (broadside-on) direction. It is also shown that, when the complex wave is slowly decaying at the interface, the peaks occur close to the angle of definition θ c for that wave. These angles of maximum radiation and the associated gain functions are expressed, in all these cases, in terms of the location in the steepest-descent plane of the pole corresponding to the complex wave. These features are also shown to be consistent with the radiation mechanism discussed in the companion paper, Part I.
A Severity Score and Outcome Prediction in Patients that Suffered an Ischemic Stroke

Background Stroke is the main cause of disability and exitus worldwide. The prediction of mortality of this pathology represents a major challenge. More than that, the infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus is a challenge for every clinician worldwide, and hypercoagulability is one of its biggest concerns that can lead to stroke. Objective Our aim was to develop a severity stroke index for both SARS-CoV-2 stroke patients and noninfected stroke patients which we hope to be helpful in patient's management. Methods We conducted a prospective study during January 2021–June 2021 which included 80 patients who suffered an ischemic stroke, 40 of which had both stroke and SARS-CoV-2 infection. We have established a panel of biomarkers including CRP, IL-6, fibrinogen, ESR, D-dimer, leucocytes, lymphocytes, and NLR and compared the results of our two cohorts. Results SARS-CoV-2 stroke patients have experienced elevated levels of biomarkers that rise in inflammation such as hs-CRP, IL-6, and D-dimer, comparing to noninfected stroke patients. Also, the probability of exitus in SARS-CoV-2 patients is 4.2 times higher than in noninfected subjects. With regard to stroke severity, we have concluded that a NIHSS score higher than 15 points considerably influences the death rate, the probability of exitus being 9.16 times higher than in NIHSS score lower than 15. Conclusion Based on our result, we have established a severity score index which includes NIHSS score, age, gender, the presence/absence of COVID-19 infection, and the following biomarkers: hs-PCR, IL-6, D-dimer, fibrinogen, and ESR, which can be used as a tool to guide patient's management.
An Alpha Half Normal Slash Distribution for Analyzing Non Negative Data

In this paper, we study a new class of slash distribution. We define the distribution through means of a stochastic representation as the mixture of an alpha half normal random variable with respect to the power of a uniform random variable. Properties involving moments and moment generating function are derived. The usefulness and flexibility of the proposed distribution is illustrated through a real application by maximum likelihood procedure.
Advances in Cellulose-Based Composites for Energy Applications

The various forms of cellulose-based materials possess high mechanical and thermal stabilities, as well as three-dimensional open network structures with high aspect ratios capable of incorporating other materials to produce composites for a wide range of applications. Being the most prevalent natural biopolymer on the Earth, cellulose has been used as a renewable replacement for many plastic and metal substrates, in order to diminish pollutant residues in the environment. As a result, the design and development of green technological applications of cellulose and its derivatives has become a key principle of ecological sustainability. Recently, cellulose-based mesoporous structures, flexible thin films, fibers, and three-dimensional networks have been developed for use as substrates in which conductive materials can be loaded for a wide range of energy conversion and energy conservation applications. The present article provides an overview of the recent advancements in the preparation of cellulose-based composites synthesized by combining metal/semiconductor nanoparticles, organic polymers, and metal-organic frameworks with cellulose. To begin, a brief review of cellulosic materials is given, with emphasis on their properties and processing methods. Further sections focus on the integration of cellulose-based flexible substrates or three-dimensional structures into energy conversion devices, such as photovoltaic solar cells, triboelectric generators, piezoelectric generators, thermoelectric generators, as well as sensors. The review also highlights the uses of cellulose-based composites in the separators, electrolytes, binders, and electrodes of energy conservation devices such as lithium-ion batteries. Moreover, the use of cellulose-based electrodes in water splitting for hydrogen generation is discussed. In the final section, we propose the underlying challenges and outlook for the field of cellulose-based composite materials.
Under-Reporting Cases and Deaths from Melioidosis: A Retrospective Finding in Songkhla and Phatthalung Province of Southern Thailand, 2014–2020

Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a notifiable disease associated with a high mortality rate in Thailand. The disease is highly endemic in northeast Thailand, while its prevalence in other parts of the country is poorly documented. This study aimed at improving the surveillance system for melioidosis in southern Thailand, where the disease was believed to be underreported. Two adjacent southern provinces, Songkhla and Phatthalung, were selected as the model provinces to study melioidosis. There were 473 individuals diagnosed with culture-confirmed melioidosis by clinical microbiology laboratories at four tertiary care hospitals in both provinces from January 2014 to December 2020. The median age was 54 years (IQR 41.5–64), 284 (60%) of the patients were adults ≥50 years of age, and 337 (71.2%) were male. We retrospectively analyzed 455 patients treated at either Songklanarind Hospital, Hatyai Hospital, Songkhla Provincial Hospital, or Phatthalung Provincial Hospital, of whom 181 (39.8%) patients died. The median duration from admission to death was five days (IQR 2–17). Of the 455 patients, 272 (57.5%) had at least one clinical risk factor, and 188 (39.8%) had diabetes. Two major clinical manifestations, bacteremia and pneumonia, occurred in 274 (58.1%) and 166 (35.2%) patients, respectively. In most cases, 298 (75%) out of 395 local patients were associated with rainfall. Over the seven years of the study, the average annual incidence was 2.87 cases per 100,000 population (95% CI, 2.10 to 3.64). This study has confirmed that these two provinces of southern Thailand are endemic to melioidosis; even though the incidence rate is much lower than that of the Northeast, the mortality rate is comparably high.
Optimization of Corn steep Liquor as a Sole Substrate for Bioethanol Production using Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

The sustainability of any symbolic development is hinged on renewable energy like bioethanol. This study investigated the applicability of corn steep liquor (CSL) as both carbon and nitrogen sources in bioethanol production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The CSL used was characterized to ascertain its physical and chemical properties. The CSL was first applied in place of yeast extract in the inoculum medium and later applied in the fermentation medium, acting as both carbon and nitrogen sources. Box-Behnken design was used to develop the optimal variables (time, substrate concentration (CSL ratio), and pH) affecting the fermentation process. From the results, the analyzed CSL sample contained a total carbon-to-n for bioethanol production using the Box-Behnken design are CSL of 17.70 (v/v), time of 22.8 h, and pH of 5 with a corresponding bioethanol amount of 17.70 (v/v), time of 22.8 h, and pH of 5 with corresponding bioethanol amount of 9.49 g/L and reducing sugar of 1.59 g/L. This study shows that CSL could serve a dual purpose as a carbon and nitrogen source in microbial fermentation process, thereby reducing the overall cost of setting up a bioethanol production plant.