Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic one dimensional spectra extraction for Weihai fiber-fed high resolution echelle spectra

One fiber-fed high resolution echelle spectrograph was built for the one meter telescope atWeihai Observatory of Shandong University. It is used for exoplanet searching by radial velocity method and for stellar spectra analysis. One dimensional spectra extraction from the raw echelle data is researched in this paper. Flat field images with different exposure times were used to trace the order position accurately. The accurate background was fitted from each CCD image and it was subtracted from the raw image to correct the background and straylight. The intensity of each order decreases towards the order margin, and the lengths of order are different between the blue and red regions. The order tracing during the data reduction was investigated in this work. Accurate flux can be obtained after considering the effects of bad pixels, the curvature of each order and so on. One Interactive Data Language program for one dimensional spectra extraction was adopted and implemented to echelle data reduction for Weihai fiber-fed high resolution echelle spectra, and the results are illustrated here. The program is efficient and accurate for echelle data reduction. It can be adopted to reduce data taken by other instruments even the spectrographs in other fields, and it is very convenient for astronomers.
The role of SST forcing in the interdecadal variations of the Pacific‐Japan pattern in the late 1990s

The Pacific‐Japan (PJ) pattern is the dominant teleconnection over East Asia, closely related to the summer precipitation on various time scales. However, studies on the connection between the interdecadal variations of the PJ pattern and sea surface temperature (SST) forcing are still limited. This study indicates that the relationship between the PJ pattern and ENSO presents a pronounced interdecadal change around 1997/1998. The PJ pattern shows a baroclinic structure over the northwest Pacific and a barotropic structure near Japan during 1979–1997, while its baroclinic structure in the tropics weakens remarkably during 1998–2021, with a southward shift of its midlatitude barotropic structure. As a result, the connection between the PJ pattern and summer precipitation over East Asia exhibits an interdecadal transition in the late 1990s. In the slow La Niña decaying summer of 1979–1997, the cold SST anomalies in the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) excite an eastward‐propagating Kelvin wave that enhances convection over the northwest Pacific, resulting in the formation of the PJ pattern. In contrast, the cold SST anomalies in the Maritime Continent rather than the TIO yield a zonally confined Kelvin wave in the rapid La Niña decaying summer of 1998–2021. The elongated Kelvin wave penetrating the central Pacific weakens convective anomalies over the northwest Pacific, thereby weakening the baroclinic structure of the PJ pattern in the tropics. Meanwhile, the warm SST anomalies in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) induce a northward shift of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet, with the anomalous anticyclonic circulation over the KE significantly affecting summer precipitation along the Meiyu belt. Therefore, the midlatitude barotropic structure of the PJ pattern shifts southward after the late 1990s.
Blue and green electroluminescence from MBE grown GaN/InGaN heterostructures

Blue and green electroluminescence from GaN/InGaN p-n junctions is reported. The layer sequences were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on sapphire substrates. Room temperature electroluminescence was recorded at 470 nm (blue) and 513 nm (green) wavelengths.
A novel technique to simulate and characterize yarn mechanical behavior based on a geometrical fiber model extracted from microcomputed tomography imaging

Textiles and their production machines are increasingly designed using simulations of the textile production process. These simulations require reliable structural yarn models. In practice, these models are often based on simplifying assumptions concerning the underlying geometry. However, in recent years more realistic geometrical fiber models have been developed, but have not been used to estimate the structural properties of yarns. The current contribution presents a new methodology to obtain a structural yarn model through numerical simulations based on a high-fidelity geometrical yarn model. Starting from microcomputed tomography data of a real-life natural fiber yarn used in air-jet weaving, a geometrical yarn model is constructed by tracing the individual fibers. This geometry is then incorporated in a computational finite-element analysis framework to obtain the yarn tensile and bending behavior through a simulated tensile test and Peirce cantilever test. Finally, the results are validated by comparison with experimental data. It is shown that this new technique succeeds to estimate the tensile and bending behavior. The presented methodology allows one to gain fundamental insight into the internal deformations and stresses in the yarn. Moreover, it is an important first step toward statistical studies on the structural yarn behavior on the microscale level and toward homogenized macro-models originating from a fully digital workflow.
Hybridizing graph‐based Gaussian mixture model with machine learning for classification of fraudulent transactions

It has been observed that a good number of financial organizations often face a number of threats due to credit card fraud that affects consistently to the card holder as well as the organizations. This is one of the fastest‐growing frauds of its kind and the most emerging problems for the institutions to prevent. A number of researchers and analysts have shown interest to work on this area in order to identify such issues in an effective manner by applying various supervised as well as unsupervised learning approaches. In this assessment, three classification techniques such as support vector machine (SVM), k‐nearest neighbor (k‐NN), and extreme learning machine (ELM) that come under supervised learning category are applied to the BankSim data to categorize the normal and fraudulent class transactions in credit card. These algorithms are incorporated with the graph features extracted from the dataset by using a database tool Neo4j. The nodes of the graph represent the transactional data samples and the edges create relationships among the nodes to find the patterns of data using connected data analysis. k‐fold cross validation approach in Gaussian mixture model (GMM) has been applied for classification of the credit card transaction data in a single distribution. Further, a combined graph‐based Gaussian mixture model (CGB‐GMM) has been proposed to effectively detect the fraudulent instances in credit card transactions with the application of graph algorithms such as degree centrality, LPA, page rank, and so forth. Each of the learning algorithms are implemented with and without the application of graph algorithms and their performances are assessed empirically for analysis.
Equations Governing Single and Tandem DMA Configurations and a New Lognormal Approximation to the Transfer Function

The basic equations governing the responses of single and tandem differential mobility analyzer (DMA) systems are summarized. Particle diffusion within the DMA resulting in broadening of the transfer function is included in this analysis. For tandem DMA (TDMA) work, a given particle diameter exiting the first DMA is modeled in the following conditioner as growing into a multi-modal lognormal distribution before entering the second DMA. Approximations and solution techniques for both single and tandem DMA systems are discussed. A new lognormal approximation to the DMA transfer function is introduced leading to a simple lognormal form for the TDMA response function. The maximum absolute error of the transfer function is 0.10 at 200 nm in the range plus or minus one and a half standard deviations of the lognormal fit. It is 0.035 at 3 nm in the range plus or minus two standard deviations of the lognormal fit. The maximum fractional error in the calculated TDMA response is no more than 0.08 at 200 nm and 3 nm in the range plus or minus one standard deviation of the lognormal fit.
Novel approach for the synthesis of 2-arylfuro[3,2-b]pyran-3-carbaldehydes based on acid-catalyzed cyclization of allomaltol containing enaminones

Abstract The novel and efficient approach for the synthesis of various 2-arylsubstituted furo[3,2-b]pyran-3-carbaldehydes was developed. The studied method is based on acid-catalyzed cyclization of enaminones bearing allomaltol fragment. The distinctive feature of the suggested protocol is the other direction of heterocyclization of starting enaminoketones in contrast to the previously described approach leading to 3-aroylfuro[3,2-b]pyranes. The advantages of this synthesis are easily accessible starting compounds, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup procedure avoiding chromatographic purification. The synthetic utility of obtained aldehydes was demonstrated by the preparation of various derivatives. The structure of one furo[3,2-b]pyran-3-carbaldehyde was proved by X-ray diffraction. Graphical Abstract
Nanoscale characterization of the biomechanical properties of collagen fibrils in the sclera

We apply the PeakForce Quantitative Nanomechanical Property Mapping (PFQNM) atomic force microscopy mode for the investigation of regional variations in the nanomechanical properties of porcine sclera. We examine variations in the collagen fibril diameter, adhesion, elastic modulus and dissipation in the posterior, equatorial and anterior regions of the sclera. The mean fibril diameter, elastic modulus and dissipation increased from the posterior to the anterior region. Collagen fibril diameter correlated linearly with elastic modulus. Our data matches the known macroscopic mechanical behavior of the sclera. We propose that PFQNM has significant potential in ocular biomechanics and biophysics research.
Using Laurent’s series in the theoretical solution to estimate the stress resultants of FG-CNTRC plates weakened by a central cutout at different temperatures

Abstract Conventional ordinary materials have many weaknesses when exposed to extreme loadings. Hence, scientists develop novel engineered materials to address these weaknesses. Functionally Graded Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Composites (FG-CNTRCs) are a modern group of materials that have recently flourished thanks to their excellent and unique mechanical properties. One common loading condition is subjecting FG-CNTRC plates containing cutouts to in-plane loadings. The presence of an opening disturbs the stress field, especially in the proximity of the cutout, and creates stress concentration. This study estimates the stress and moment resultants on the edge of elliptical cutouts in asymmetric FG-CNTRC plates under various loading conditions using a new analysis based on Lekhnitskii’s complex variables method, mapping function, and Laurent series. Unlike previous studies on perforated asymmetric plates, which were based on numerical methods or the Schwartz formulations, this study presents a new solution using Laurent’s series to represent the holomorphic function. In calculating the stress and moment components around the opening, the effect of determining variables is studied. This approach can be generalized to solve different anisotropic body problems (FG_CNTRC, FGM, Laminate composites). Thus, stress and moment components in perforated anisotropic plates can be determined simply and systematically using this method.
Diamond double-crystal monochromator at SPring-8

Beam quality of diamond double-crystal monochromator was characterized at undulator beamlines of SPring-8. The <001<-growth (111) IIa diamond crystals were used for high-heat-load double-crystal monochromator. Main issue of IIa diamond monochromator was intensity non-uniformity of reflected beam that was enhanced at the experimental station more than 10 m apart from monochromator. The simple Fresnel diffraction models from segments of the crystal are introduced to explain the origin of non-uniformity. Lattice inclination across growth sector boundary with 0.5 μrad or more, or lattice step due to stacking faults may cause phase shift between segments. The non-uniformity increases up to ~50% using the simple models. We also characterized recently-available <111<-growth crystals at 1-km beamline of SPring-8. The quality is similar to that of previous <001<-growth crystals, regarding rocking curve width for whole region irradiation.
Bias of the Maximum Likelihood Doa Estimation from Inaccurate Knowledge of the Antenna Array Response

The estimators of directions of arrival of narrow-band signals using array antennas could be erroneous if we do not model adequately the behaviour of the global antenna system (for example, incorrect modeling of the mutual coupling or coupling of the antennas with the platform). In this paper we obtain an expression for evaluating the bias of the Maximum Likelihood estimators if we model incorrectly the behaviour of the antenna. The results indicate that if we consider an onboard array antenna as an ideal system (without electromagnetic effects) the performance of a direction of arrivals (DOA) estimation system may be degradated.
Establishing the existence of harmonically‐spaced lines in gamma‐ray burst spectra using Bayesian inference

We use a rigorous method derived from Bayesian inference to establish the existence of lines in the spectra of γ‐ray bursts. Line detection involves a comparison of nested models. The method amounts to the calculation of the odds O favoring models with lines over models without lines. O is given by the product of the maximum likelihood ratio and a second factor which includes the ratio of the posterior uncertainty of the line parameters to their prior uncertainty. The maximum likelihood ratio always favors the more complex model, since the likelihood of the more complex model can never be larger than that of the simpler model. The second factor penalizes the more complex model, since the posterior uncertainty for the extra parameters is generally smaller than their prior uncertainty. Thus an ‘‘Ockham’s Razor’’ automatically appears in Bayesian model comparison.We fit the count spectrum for time interval S1 of GB870303 with a power‐law continuum model and with a power‐law continuum multiplied by an exponen.
Music self-efficacy predicted by self-esteem, grit, and (in)formal learning preferences among amateur musicians who use online music tutorials

The present study explores the relationship between music self-efficacy (MSE) and self-esteem, grit, and learning and playing habits of amateur musicians who use online music tutorials (OMTs) while learning to play new pieces. Amateur musicians (N = 409) from 30 countries answered research questionnaires, including preferences of autonomy OMTs (foster independent learners and incorporate knowledge) versus dependent OMTs (based mainly on imitation and provide little further knowledge). Ordinary least squares regression indicated that the independent variables accounted for 50% of the variance in the dependent variable (MSE) and that the model was significant. The results indicated that self-esteem, grit, preferences of autonomy OMTs, playing with others and weekly hours of playing were positive predictors of MSE. In addition, dependent OMTs were negatively correlated with MSE. The findings highlight the need to examine any possible causality in the relationship between learning and playing habits, and MSE of amateur musicians. In addition, data were collected in the midst of the Covid-19 worldwide impact and should be further explored post-Covid-19.
Beyond Technology: Pottery Reveals Translocal Social Relations at a Bell Beaker Monumental Site in Central Europe

The Bell Beaker site near Brodek u Prostějova (Czechia) has yielded remains of a large timber construction accompanied by four symmetrical ritual deposits with numerous artefacts, including more than fifty ceramic vessels. Their decoration consists of incised patterns, in nineteen cases with preserved white inlaid incrustations. To investigate the social relations at this extraordinary site, a multi-analytical and micro-destructive approach was employed to determine the provenance and technology of the pottery and the composition of the white incrustations. The results indicate various origins for the pottery within the region and the presence of extra-regional fabrics and graphitic temper. The main raw materials for the white inlays were calcium carbonate (calcite), hydroxyapatite (bone), and bright clay. The mixing of decorative motifs and the variation in the shape and size of the beakers suggest unique manufacturing processes. These results lend support to the monumental site of Brodek serving as a ritual place for several communities from both local and wider areas.
Strain Engineering for the Kapitza Resistance of the ZrO 2 / α -Al 2 O 3 and YSZ/ α -Al 2 O 3 Interfaces

The Kapitza resistance is of fundamental importance for the thermal stability of the interface between the ceramic top coat and the thermal growth oxide layer in the thermal barrier coating structure, which is widely used to protect high-temperature components in current gas turbine engines. The top coat typically consists of the ZrO 2 partially stabilized by 8% Y 2 O 3 (YSZ), and the main component of the thermal growth oxide is α -Al 2 O 3 . In this work, the Kapitza resistance is found to be a small value of 0.69 m 2 · K/GW for the YSZ/ α -Al 2 O 3 interface based on the heat dissipation simulation method. It indicates that the localization of thermal energy is rather weak, which is beneﬁcial for the thermal stability of the YSZ/ α -Al 2 O 3 interface. This Kapitza resistance can be further reduced to 0.50 m 2 · K/GW by a mechanical or thermal compressive strain of 8%. To explore the underlying mechanism for this strain eﬀect, we analyze the phonon vibration and the microscopic deformation in the interface region. It is revealed that the interface becomes denser through the compression-induced twisting of some Al-O Zr and Al-O Al chemical bonds in the interface region, which is responsible for the reduction in the Kapitza resistance. The temperature eﬀect and crystal size eﬀect on the Kapitza resistance of the YSZ/ α -Al 2 O 3 interface are also systematically studied. These ﬁndings shall provide valuable information for further understanding of the thermal conductivity and thermal stability of the thermal barrier coating structures.
Likelihood Subgradient Densities

We introduce likelihood subgradient densities and explore their basic properties. Using mixtures of likelihood subgradient densities, we propose an approach for constructing tight enveloping functions in the Bayesian context. In the case of normal priors with normal data, the area underneath the resulting enveloping function is bounded above by . The approach is extended to k-dimensional models where the corresponding bound is . More generally, our approach should also yield tight enveloping functions for other models in which the data are close to normal. Such models include generalized linear models (e.g., Bayesian Poisson regression and the Bayesian logit model). Simulations based on the approach are performed for two separate models using accept–reject methods.
Can post stroke walking improve via telerehabilitation? A systematic review in adults with stroke

Objectives The purpose of this systematic review is to analyze primary studies investigating the effects of telerehabilitation on walking outcomes for the treatment of adult stroke survivors. Methods Data sources included PubMed, Embase and CINAHL searched until August 2022, using combinations of several keywords such as “telerehabilitation”, “stroke”, and “gait”. Studies were required to have bidirectional form of videoconferencing with assessor presence, and include assessment of walking function (speed, endurance and/or balance). Data extraction was performed from each full text by one author, and quality and bias were assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). Results Eight studies involving 248 participants met the inclusion criteria. Seven reported significant improvements in outcomes of balance and two showed improvements in endurance after telerehabilitation. Two studies observed greater balance improvements in the telerehabilitation group compared to control and/or in-person therapy. Differences in frequency, training duration, intervention type, and absence of an in-person therapy control group were identified as causes of variation between studies. Conclusions The effectiveness of telerehabilitation as a mode of therapy for walking could not be definitively determined due to the limited number of studies that directly measured walking speed or endurance. However, strong evidence was found for the use of telerehabilitation for balance improvements, which has implications for walking recovery. Impact statement Telerehabilitation appears to be safe, feasible and demonstrated high adherence. Our results highlighted limited studies using real-time supervision to administer telerehabilitation and lack of studies focusing on outcomes of walking speed and endurance, needed to fully determine the role of telerehabilitation for gait recovery. Systematic review registration number PROSPERO number CRD42021238197.
A bottom-up approach to non-ideal fluids in the lattice Boltzmann method

The Shan-Chen (SC) pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann model for multiphase fluids has been revised to incorporate the particle exclusion-volume effect. Previous attempts to simulate a non-ideal fluid with the SC model tailored the interparticle potential to obtain the desired equation of state. Such an approach lumped the contributions from the particle exclusion-volume effect and the interparticle interactions together, and undermined the excellent physical basis of the SC model. In this letter, the equilibrium distributions are modified to include the particle exclusion-volume effect, and the clear physical meaning of interparticle potential in the original SC model has been reserved. Without losing the simple mathematical formulation and unique physical representation, the revised model can easily model non-ideal fluids with various equations of state. A van der Waals fluid has also been simulated as an example to demonstrate the significance of this improvement.
N2- and O2-Broadenings and Lineshapes of the 551.53-GHz Line of 14NO

Abstract For the purpose of atmospheric applications, the collisional relaxation of the J =5.5←4.5 rotational line of 14 NO (551.53 GHz) has been investigated in the 235 to 345-K temperature range. Experiments were performed with N 2 and O 2 as buffer gases, which allow the derivation of the air-induced broadening parameters. Using a video-type spectrometer, small but significant departures from the usual Voigt profile have been demonstrated. These departures are characteristic of narrowed lineshapes: they have been fitted using the speed-dependent Galatry profile that takes account of both the dependence of relaxation rates on molecular speeds and the molecular diffusion via velocity changing collisions. Retrieved broadening parameters, as well as their temperature dependencies, are in agreement with previous determinations dealing with rovibrational lines: they are fairly reproduced by semi-classical calculations that consider exact collisional trajectories. The detailed lineshape properties have been studied thanks to some further experiments using atomic buffer gases, namely He, Ar, and Xe. If we discard the case of He-induced relaxation, theoretical arguments suggest that observed line narrowings are mainly related to the speed dependence of relaxation and that molecular diffusion plays a negligible role.