Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formal validation of model transformation with Coq proof assistant

Facing the increasing complexity of systems and their design methods, the Model Driven Engineering (MDE) brings solutions to facilitate and automate the software development process. The model transformation is the most important artifact in MDE that it defines the automatic passing from one model to another. The validation of such model transformation are necessary to improve the safety of this latter, but most transformation languages have not a formal semantics to add detailed specifications on the expected behavior. So it is important to give solutions to integrate formal methods at this level. For this, we utilize the Coq proof assistant that is based on various calculus, for validating a model transformation specified with QVT-operational language. We illustrate our approach by transforming a UML state diagram into Petri net.
Small mass plunging into a Kerr black hole: Anatomy of the inspiral-merger-ringdown waveforms

We numerically solve the Teukolsky equation in the time domain to obtain the gravitational-wave emission of a small mass inspiraling and plunging into the equatorial plane of a Kerr black hole. We account for the dissipation of orbital energy using the Teukolsky frequency-domain gravitational-wave fluxes for circular, equatorial orbits, down to the light-ring. We consider Kerr spins $-0.99 \leq q \leq 0.99$, and compute the inspiral-merger-ringdown (2,2), (2,1), (3,3), (3,2), (4,4), and (5,5) modes. We study the large-spin regime, and find a great simplicity in the merger waveforms, thanks to the extremely circular character of the plunging orbits. We also quantitatively examine the mixing of quasinormal modes during the ringdown, which induces complicated amplitude and frequency modulations in the waveforms. Finally, we explain how the study of small mass-ratio black-hole binaries helps extending effective-one-body models for comparable-mass, spinning black-hole binaries to any mass ratio and spin magnitude.
INWARD MANUFACTURING FDI BY FORM OF INVESTMENT AND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN

This chapter explores the ownership, locational and internalization advantages of outward and inward Spanish foreign direct investment (FDI) in order to test the predictions of the theory of the investment development path (TDP) in the case of a middle-income country. We first present the historical evolution of FDI since the mid-19th century, discussing the interplay between economic and political factors. Focusing on the 1986-1992 period, we conduct econometric analyses of the determinants of inward and outward FDI first by home/host country and then by industry. By country, we find the expected effects of income levels, R&D effort, trade intensity, and prior FDI history. Industry profitability, intangible assets, and revealed comparative advantage all predict higher FDI activity in an industry. Inward FDI confirms the IDP theory in its different aspects. Outward FDI also behaves as predicted, with most FDI activity going to countries with higher incomes. FDI to lower-income countries is mainly market-seeking while higher-income countries receive both asset-seeking and market-seeking Spanish FDI. In absolute terms, however, most Spanish created assets are exploited in countries with a higher income, and internalization advantages or government incentives to R&D advantages play a very limited role.
Characterization of the Arterial Anatomy of the Murine Hindlimb: Functional Role in the Design and Understanding of Ischemia Models

Rationale Appropriate ischemia models are required for successful studies of therapeutic angiogenesis. While collateral routes are known to be present within the innate vasculature, there are no reports describing the detailed vascular anatomy of the murine hindlimb. In addition, differences in the descriptions of anatomical names and locations in the literature impede understanding of the circulation and the design of hindlimb ischemia models. To understand better the collateral circulation in the whole hindlimb, clarification of all the feeding arteries of the hindlimb is required. Objective The aim of this study is to reveal the detailed arterial anatomy and collateral routes in murine hindlimb to enable the appropriate design of therapeutic angiogenesis studies and to facilitate understanding of the circulation in ischemia models. Methods and Results Arterial anatomy in the murine hindlimb was investigated by contrast-enhanced X-ray imaging and surgical dissection. The observed anatomy is shown in photographic images and in a schema. Previously unnoticed but relatively large arteries were observed in deep, cranial and lateral parts of the thigh. The data indicates that there are three collateral routes through the medial thigh, quadriceps femoris, and the biceps femoris muscles. Furthermore, anatomical variations were found at the origins of the three feeding arteries. Conclusions The detailed arterial anatomy of murine hindlimb and collateral routes deduced from the anatomy are described. Limitations on designs of ischemia models in view of anatomical variations are proposed. These observations will contribute to the development of animal studies of therapeutic angiogenesis using murine hindlimb ischemia models.
Recurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax in young adults and children.

OBJECTIVES Although better nutritional support has improved the growth rates in children, the occurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax has also been increasing in children. The current study attempts to investigate the occurrence and recurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax and the efficacy of surgery for primary spontaneous pneumothorax in young adults and children. METHODS A total of 840 patients were treated for pneumothorax at our hospital from January 2006 to December 2010. Exclusion criteria for this study were age >25 or secondary, traumatic or iatrogenic pneumothorax, and a total of 517 patients were included. Patients were classified into three groups according to age at the first episode of primary spontaneous pneumothorax: Group A: ≤16 years; Group B: 17-18 years and Group C: ≥19 years. RESULTS The study group was composed of 470 male and 47 female patients. There were 234 right-sided, 279 left-sided and 4 bilateral primary spontaneous pneumothoraces. Wedge resection by video-assisted thoracic surgery was performed in 285 patients, while 232 were managed by observation or closed thoracostomy. In the wedge resection group, 51 patients experienced recurrence. The recurrence rates after wedge resection were 27.9% in Group A, 16.5% in Group B and 13.2% in Group C (P = 0.038). The recurrence rates after observation or closed thoracostomy were 45.7% in Group A, 51.9% in Group B and 47.7% in Group C (P = 0.764). CONCLUSIONS In the present study, postoperative recurrence rates were higher than those in the literature. Intense and long-term follow-up was probably one reason for the relatively high recurrence rate. The recurrence rate after wedge resection in patients aged ≤16 years was higher than that in older patients. There was no difference between the recurrence rates after observation or closed thoracostomy, regardless of age. These results suggest that wedge resection might be delayed in children.
Static skew-symmetric output feedback control

We study the problem of feedback control for skew-symmetric and skew-Hamiltonian transfer functions using skew-symmetric controllers. This extends work of Helmke, et al., who studied static symmetric feedback control of symmetric and Hamiltonian linear systems. We identify spaces of linear systems with symmetry as natural subvarieties of the moduli space of rational curves in a Grassmannian, give necessary and sufficient conditions for pole placement by static skew-symmetric complex feedback, and use Schubert calculus for the orthogonal Grassmannian to count the number of feedback laws when there are finitely many. Finally, we also construct a skew-symmetric linear system and poles with only real feedback laws.
Desmosomes in Developing Human Epidermis

Desmosomes play important roles in the cell differentiation and morphogenesis of tissues. Studies on animal models have greatly increased our knowledge on epidermal development while reports on human developing skin are rare due to the difficult accessibility to the samples. Although the morphology of periderm cells and the process how the epidermis develops very much resemble each other, the timetable and the final outcome of a mature human epidermis markedly differ from those of murine skin. Even the genetic basis of the junctional components may have profound differences between the species, which might affect the implementation of the data from animal models in human studies. The aim of this review is to focus on the development of human skin with special emphasis on desmosomes. Desmosomal development is mirrored in perspective with other simultaneous events, such as maturation of adherens, tight and gap junctions, and the basement membrane zone.
Comparison of face Recognition Algorithms on Dummy Faces

In the age of rising crime face recognition is enormously important in the contexts of computer vision, psychology, surveillance, fraud detection, pattern recognition, neural network, content based video processing, etc. Face is a non intrusive strong biometrics for identification and hence criminals always try to hide their facial organs by different artificial means such as plastic surgery, disguise and dummy. The availability of a comprehensive face database is crucial to test the performance of these face recognition algorithms. However, while existing publicly-available face databases contain face images with a wide variety of poses, illumination, gestures and face occlusions but there is no dummy face database is available in public domain. The contributions of this research paper are: i) Preparation of dummy face database of 110 subjects ii) Comparison of some texture based, feature based and holistic face recognition algorithms on that dummy face database, iii) Critical analysis of these types of algorithms on dummy face database.
On the Average Running Time of Odd-Even Merge Sort

This paper is concerned with the average running time of Batcher's odd-even merge sort when implemented on a collection of processors. We consider the case where the size n of the input is an arbitrary multiple of the number p of processors used. We show that Batcher's odd-even merge (for two sorted lists of length m each) can be implemented to run in time O((m/p)(1+log(1+p2/m))) on the average, and that odd-even merge sort can be implemented to run in time O((n/p)(log(n/p)+logp(1+log(1+p2/n)))) on the average. In the case of merging (sorting) the average is taken over all possible outcomes of the merging (all possible permutations of n elements). That means that odd-even merge and odd-even merge sort have an optimal average running time if n≥p2.
Query Object Detection in Big Video Data on Hadoop Framework

In the emerging era of technology filled with multimedia sources video lecturing is becoming increasingly significant. The detection of objects in such systems is crucial for application areas such as identification of person, gender, event and other non-living things. This paper throws some light on adopting the methods to handle such Big video data using Hadoop framework. Hadoop Map-Reduce technology in assistance with the video processing algorithms refined till a certain efficiency helps in detecting the objects in Big video data. The Big video data is initially distributed to various nodes of Hadoop environment where in each node functions in processing of videos. The cull map per distributes videos to all nodes in a cluster. In the first map phase original videos are converted from RGB to gray scale since processing on gray scale videos is three times faster than that of processing on RGB videos. Then in second map phase, the background subtraction method for object detection is carried out. The detected object can be then classified into its category.
Individual Behavior in Cases of Institutional Misfit The Dirty Hands of IMP-Group Members .-Competitive Paper -

The analysis of change within firms, relationships, or networks now has a prominent role in several streams of work related to the IMP-Group. The knowledge about what kind of structure or strategy to adopt under certain conditions has certainly been growing over the last few years. However, inefficient and ineffective organizational designs (institutional misfits) can easily be found in reality (North 1990). They can pose a serious threat to any firm or organization. It seems that many organizations have problems to change according to the recommendations of normative theory. The simple question remains, why is that the case? It seems worthwile to analyse the nature of institutional misfits, to explain the persistance of inefficient institutional designs and to derive managerial implications that help to overcome these misfits. A study carried out among members of the IPM-Group is trying to find out how individuals – researchers, doctoral students, professors behave if they perceive that their organizations universities, business schools etc. show inefficiencies. It is argued in this study that the analysis of the behavior at an
Light-weight Locks

In this paper, we propose a new approach to building synchronization primitives, dubbed "lwlocks" (short for light-weight locks). The primitives are optimized for small memory footprint while maintaining efficient performance in low contention scenarios. A read-write lwlock occupies 4 bytes, a mutex occupies 4 bytes (2 if deadlock detection is not required), and a condition variable occupies 4 bytes. The corresponding primitives of the popular pthread library occupy 56 bytes, 40 bytes and 48 bytes respectively on the x86-64 platform. The API for lwlocks is similar to that of the pthread library but covering only the most common use cases. Lwlocks allow explicit control of queuing and scheduling decisions in contention situations and support "asynchronous" or "deferred blocking" acquisition of locks. Asynchronous locking helps in working around the constraints of lock-ordering which otherwise limits concurrency. The small footprint of lwlocks enables the construction of data structures with very fine-grained locking, which in turn is crucial for lowering contention and supporting highly concurrent access to a data structure. Currently, the Data Domain File System uses lwlocks for its in-memory inode cache as well as in a generic doubly-linked concurrent list which forms the building block for more sophisticated structures.
Nursing interventions in monitoring the adolescent with Cystic Fibrosis: a literature review

ABSTRACT Objectives: to search for nursing interventions focused on the improvement of quality of life and promotion of self-care of adolescents suffering from the Cystic Fibrosis. Method: literature review. The inclusion criteria were: primary studies and studies with interventions developed by nurses in the adolescent population with Cystic Fibrosis, using Portuguese, Spanish, French and English with no time limit, and supported by the databases Scopus, Web of Science and CINAHL. The search expressions were: nursing AND care AND adolescent AND "Cystic Fibrosis" AND ("quality of life" OR "self-care"). Results: a total of 59 articles was retrieved; 8 matched the criteria chosen. Nursing interventions targeted at adolescents with Cystic Fibrosis and their family members were identified. These interventions were organized according to the nurses' role, namely caregiver, coordinator, counsellor, researcher, trainer and care partner. Conclusions: nursing interventions targeted at following up the adolescent during the entire therapeutic process, involving the presence of parents/significant others, since both the adolescent and family have to be responsible for self-care. Healthcare professionals should be capable of identifying the specific needs of patients with chronic disease and their family, permitting a better understanding and adaptation to the health-disease transition process.
Beyond Muscles Stiffness: Importance of State-Estimation to Account for Very Fast Motor Corrections

Feedback delays are a major challenge for any controlled process, and yet we are able to easily control limb movements with speed and grace. A popular hypothesis suggests that the brain largely mitigates the impact of feedback delays (∼50 ms) by regulating the limb intrinsic visco-elastic properties (or impedance) with muscle co-contraction, which generates forces proportional to changes in joint angle and velocity with zero delay. Although attractive, this hypothesis is often based on estimates of limb impedance that include neural feedback, and therefore describe the entire motor system. In addition, this approach does not systematically take into account that muscles exhibit high intrinsic impedance only for small perturbations (short-range impedance). As a consequence, it remains unclear how the nervous system handles large perturbations, as well as disturbances encountered during movement when short-range impedance cannot contribute. We address this issue by comparing feedback responses to load pulses applied to the elbow of human subjects with theoretical simulations. After validating the model parameters, we show that the ability of humans to generate fast and accurate corrective movements is compatible with a control strategy based on state estimation. We also highlight the merits of delay-uncompensated robust control, which can mitigate the impact of internal model errors, but at the cost of slowing feedback corrections. We speculate that the puzzling observation of presynaptic inhibition of peripheral afferents in the spinal cord at movement onset helps to counter the destabilizing transition from high muscle impedance during posture to low muscle impedance during movement.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Is a Key Modulator of the Renin Angiotensin System in Health and Disease

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) shares some homology with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) but is not inhibited by ACE inhibitors. The main role of ACE2 is the degradation of Ang II resulting in the formation of angiotensin 1–7 (Ang 1–7) which opposes the actions of Ang II. Increased Ang II levels are thought to upregulate ACE2 activity, and in ACE2 deficient mice Ang II levels are approximately double that of wild-type mice, whilst Ang 1–7 levels are almost undetectable. Thus, ACE2 plays a crucial role in the RAS because it opposes the actions of Ang II. Consequently, it has a beneficial role in many diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease where its expression is decreased. Not surprisingly, current therapeutic strategies for ACE2 involve augmenting its expression using ACE2 adenoviruses, recombinant ACE2 or compounds in these diseases thereby affording some organ protection.
Capacity utilization as a real-time predictor of manufacturing output

In this article, Evan F. Koenig demonstrates that the Federal Reserve Board's initial estimate of manufacturing capacity utilization is helpful in predicting subsequent growth in manufacturing output. Together with lagged real-time output growth and growth in the composite index of leading indicators, capacity utilization explains more than 50 percent of the variation in output growth at a four-quarter horizon. Based on data available at the beginning of the year, the forecasting equation predicts little or no growth in manufacturing output during 1996.
A Connection Between Variable Selection and EM-Type Algorithms

Variable selection is fundamental to high-dimensional statistical modeling. Fan and Li (2001) proposed a class of variable selection procedures via nonconcave penalized likelihood. Optimizing the penalized likelihood function is challenging as it is a highdimensional nonconcave function with singularities. A new algorithm is proposed for finding a solution of the nonconcave penalized likelihood via a modified local quadratic approximation. The proposed algorithm repairs the drawback of Fan and Li’s algorithm. We establish a connection between local quadratic approximation and the so-called MM algorithms, useful extensions of the EM algorithms. This connection enables us to analyze the local and global convergence of the local quadratic approximation algorithm by employing the techniques used for EM algorithms. Moreover, this connection provides a general scheme for constructing a minorizing function in the MM algorithm via the local quadratic approximation.
Rapid extension of axons into the CA3 region by adult‐generated granule cells

The dentate gyrus continues to produce granule neurons throughout adulthood. The present study examined the extension of axons by adult‐generated granule neurons into hippocampal area CA3. We injected the fluorescent retrograde tracers Fast blue (FB) and FluoroRuby (FR) into area CA3 of adult male rats at various times after the administration of 5′‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU), a marker of proliferating cells and their progeny. We report that immature granule cells extend axons into CA3 as rapidly as 4–10 days after mitosis. A significant increase in the percentage of BrdU‐labeled cells that were labeled with FB or FR was observed by 2 weeks after BrdU administration. This proportion remained roughly constant up to 3 weeks after BrdU‐labeling, a time at which markers of a mature neuronal phenotype are expressed. BrdU‐labeled cells that contained either FB or FR often were located far from the tracer injection site, indicating that these cells had extended relatively long axons. Collectively these results suggest that adult‐generated granule neurons may influence normal hippocampal function, even at a very early stage after their production. J. Comp. Neurol. 413:146–154, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cross-Sectional Determinants of Manager and Analyst Ratings of Corporate Disclosure Strategies

The purpose of this study is to examine cross-sectional determinants of manager and analyst ratings of corporate disclosure strategies. Disclosure strategy is used to capture a wider spectrum of disclosures and communication vehicles than the commonly used annual report does. The disclosure strategies range from a minimalist approach to disclosure, i.e. the fulfillment of mandatory requirements, to a proactive and open approach to disclosure. The disclosure data were collected by two questionnaires, which were sent to listed and quoted firms on the Stockholm Stock Exchange and to analysts. The analysis was based on 143 firms and on 7107 analyst ratings. Discriminant analysis was used to analyze the data. First, the whole firm sample was analyzed, then it was divided into two sub-samples, large and small firms, in order to control for the size effect. The study provide empirical evidence that manager and analyst ratings are increasing with size, investor relations, international listing, leverage, and manufacturing sector, and decreasing with ownership concentration. However, when controlling for size, different patterns for large versus small firms were found, implying that disclosure behavior is influencing by different factors depending on the size of the firm. 1 I am grateful to professor Bertil Gandemo (my supervisor), from whom I have received many valuable comments. Others who have contributed to this paper are professor Claes Svensson, PhD candidate Jan Marton, and my working colleagues. I am also grateful for financial support from Stiftelsen för Främjande av Ekonomisk Forskning vid Lunds universitet (Sydsvenska Handelskammaren), Kapitalmarknadsgruppen vid Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken, samt Svenska Handelsbanken. A special thank go to Hexagon AB and Scancem AB for sponsoring the computer equipment.