Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Human Bipedal Motion Constraints for 3D Pose Recovery from a Single Uncalibrated Camera

A new method is proposed for recovering 3D human poses in video sequences taken from a single uncalibrated camera. This is achieved by exploiting two important constraints observed from human bipedal motion: coplanarity of body key points during the mid-stance position and the presence of a foot on the ground – i.e. static foot during most activities. Assuming 2D joint locations have been extracted from a video sequence, the algorithm is able to perform camera auto-calibration on specific frames when the human body adopts particular postures. Then, a simplified pin-hole camera model is used to perform 3D pose reconstruction on the calibrated frames. Finally, the static foot constraint which is found in most human bipedal motions is applied to infer body postures for non-calibrated frames. We compared our method with (1) “orthographic reconstruction” method and (2) reconstruction using manually calibrated data. The results validate the assumptions made for the simplified pin-hole camera model and reconstruction results reveal a significant improvement over the orthographic reconstruction method.
Circulating endothelial microparticles in acute ischemic stroke: a link to severity, lesion volume and outcome

Summary. Background: Endothelial membrane microparticles (EMP) in plasma are elevated in several vascular diseases. Objectives: To test the hypothesis that EMP would be increased in patients with acute ischemic stroke and would correlate with stroke severity, brain lesion volume and outcome. Patients and methods: Forty‐one patients were studied and divided into two groups based on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score: 20 patients with mild stroke (NIHSS score < 5) and 21 patients with moderate–severe stroke (NIHSS score ≥ 5). Lesion volume was measured using diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging and discharge outcome was based on the discharge Barthel and Rankin scores. Twenty‐three age‐matched control subjects were also studied. Using flow cytometry, endoglin‐positive EMP: CD105+ CD41a−CD45− (E+EMP), specific endothelial EMP expressing VE‐cadherin and endoglin: CD105+CD144+ (C+EMP), EMP expressing phosphatidylserine: CD105+PS+ CD41a− (PS+EMP) and EMP expressing ICAM‐1: CD105+CD54+ CD45− (I+EMP) were analyzed. Results: Significantly higher PS+EMP counts were observed in the group of acute ischemic stroke patients [median 59 (25th–75th percentile: 28–86) MP μL−1] relative to the controls [28 (14–36) MP μL−1] (P = 0.002). All four EMP phenotypes studied were elevated in the subgroup of moderate–severe stroke patients relative to the controls (all P < 0.05). In the patients with acute ischemic stroke three EMP phenotypes (E+EMP, PS+EMP and I+EMP) correlated significantly with brain lesion volume, with I+EMP (P = 0.002) showing the strongest correlation. Admission counts of C+EMP (P = 0.0003) and E+EMP (P = 0.003) correlated significantly with discharge clinical outcome. Conclusions: Certain circulating EMP phenotypes may be associated with severity, lesion volume and outcome of acute ischemic stroke. EMP analysis shows promising contribution to understanding stroke pathophysiology.
Detecting Linkedin Spammers and its Spam Nets

Spam is one of the main problems of the WWW. Many studies exist about characterising and detecting several types of Spam (mainly Web Spam, Email Spam, Forum/Blob Spam and Social Networking Spam). Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies about the detection of Spam in Linkedin. In this article, we propose a method for detecting Spammers and Spam nets in the Linkedin social network. As there are no public or private Linkedin datasets in the state of the art, we have manually built a dataset of real Linkedin users, classifying them as Spammers or legitimate users. The proposed method for detecting Linkedin Spammers consists of a set of new heuristics and their combinations using a kNN classifier. Moreover, we proposed a method for detecting Spam nets (fake companies) in Linkedin, based on the idea that the profiles of these companies share content similarities. We have found that the proposed methods were very effective. We achieved an F-Measure of 0.971 and an AUC close to 1 in the detection of Spammer profiles, and in the detection of Spam nets, we have obtained an F-Measure of 1.
Permanent magnet technology for electric motors in automotive applications

With significant advance of rare earth permanent magnets (REPM) and power electronic components in the last two decades REPM motor drives have gradually been integrated into various automotive applications. Those include electric traction and propulsion, various X-by-wire and other electromechanical systems. REPM traction motors for electric propulsion and REPM motor drives for electric power steering (EPS) applications, just to name a few, are successful commercial examples in today's automotive marketplace for mass production. In spite of many perceived benefits, for instance reduction of weight and CO2 emission, automotive REPM drive manufacturers have today to face high manufacturing costs, due primarily to a recent tremendous price increase of REPM. In this paper, permanent magnet design technology is reviewed, which covers the main PM categories with key features. The aim is to provide a fundamental guideline for material selection. Furthermore, synthesis, design and optimization of magnetic circuits of magnet rotors for different permanent magnet motor topologies are discussed. For electric motors in automotive applications it is of great importance to minimize the cost without compromising the motors' performance, overall reliability and stability with respect to demagnetization. A number of innovative magnetic circuit design examples are revealled in this report, demonstrating how to handle different types of motor topologies and which kind of magnet should be used for.
The efficacy of venlafaxine in treatment of depression in Parkinson`s disease -

Objective: Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder appearing in Parkinson‘s Disease (PD) with an average prevalence rate almost 40-50 %. Selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are currently used in the treatment of depression in patients with PD, but we have not found any studies in the literature regarding this treatment choice. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of venlafaxine, which is a SNRI antidepressant, in the treatment of depression in Parkinson’s disease. Method: Fourteen non-þuctuating PD patients with depression were enrolled in the study. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), and the Hoehn-Yahr Scale (H+Y) were used to assess depression and Parkinsonism. Antiparkinson and other medications were unchanged during the study. Results: After 8 weeks of venlafaxine treatment, statistically significant improvement was seen in total scores of HAM-D and MADRS in all patients. On the other hand, the changes in UPDRS scores and H+Y stages were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that venlafaxine may be effective in the treatment of depression in patients with PD.
Investigation on Interaction of Air-Core Reactors Based on Scaling Rules

The heavy use of air-core reactors led to sharp increase of electromagnetic pollution, threating the health of working staff and the normal operation of other electric equipment. Therefore, it becomes important to study the EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) between air-core reactors. Firstly, the small-scale model of the air-core reactor is made based on the scaling rules. Then, the different regular arrangements in the actual installation of air-core reactors are simulated by changing the position of the small-scale models. At last, the MF (Magnetic Field) of air-core reactors is analyzed according to the model. Thus, it is possible to study the MF distribution of different arrangements of air-core reactors by establishing some-small scale models. The study of the paper provides reference for the practical application of air-core reactors in substation.
Automatic external defibrillation in a 6 year old

A case is reported in which an automatic external defibrillator (AED) was used during the successful resuscitation of a 6 year old child in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, despite the fact that these devices are not recommended in children under 8 years. The interpretation of resuscitation protocols is discussed and new developments in this area reported.
The Sociology of Health and Illness

Acknowledgements Preface to First Edition Preface to Second Edition Preface to Third Edition 1 Introduction: The Changing Domains of the Sociology of Health and Illness 2 The Social Construction of Medical Knowledge 3 Lay Health Beliefs, Lifestyles and Risk 4 The Experience of Chronic Illness and Disability 5 The Sociology of the Body 6 The Sociology of LayDProfessional Interactions 7 Social Inequalities and Health Status 8 Late Modernism and the Changing Social Relations of Formal Health Care Work 9 The Sociology of Innovative Health Technology 10 Sociological Analyses of Developments in UK Health Policy: A New Paradigm for Health Care? Bibliography Index
Germinal and Somatic Trisomy 21 Mosaicism: How Common is it, What are the Implications for Individual Carriers and How Does it Come About?

It is well known that varying degrees of mosaicism for Trisomy 21, primarily a combination of normal and Trisomy 21 cells within individual tissues, may exist in the human population. This involves both Trisomy 21 mosaicism occurring in the germ line and Trisomy 21 mosaicism documented in different somatic tissues, or indeed a combination of both in the same subjects. Information on the incidence of Trisomy 21 mosaicism in different tissue samples from people with clinical features of Down syndrome as well as in the general population is, however, still limited. One of the main reasons for this lack of detailed knowledge is the technological problem of its identification, where in particular low grade/cryptic Trisomy 21 mosaicism, i.e. occurring in less than 3-5% of the respective tissues, can only be ascertained by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) methods on large cell populations from the different tissue samples. In this review we summarize current knowledge in this field with special reference to the question on the likely incidence of germinal and somatic Trisomy 21 mosaicism in the general population and its mechanisms of origin. We also highlight the reproductive and clinical implications of this type of aneuploidy mosaicism for individual carriers. We conclude that the risk of begetting a child with Trisomy 21 Down syndrome most likely is related to the incidence of Trisomy 21 cells in the germ line of any carrier parent. The clinical implications for individual carriers may likewise be dependent on the incidence of Trisomy 21 in the relevant somatic tissues. Remarkably, for example, there are indications that Trisomy 21 mosaicism will predispose carriers to conditions such as childhood leukemia and Alzheimer’s Disease but there is on the other hand a possibility that the risk of solid cancers may be substantially reduced.
Comparison of cefuroxime axetil and phenoxymethyl penicillin for the treatment of children with solitary erythema migrans.

OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical efficacy and drug-related adverse effects of 14 days of treatment with cefuroxime axetil 30 mg/kg/day or phenoxymethyl penicillin 100,000 IU/kg/day in the treatment of children with erythema migrans. METHODS Consecutive patients younger than 15 years, referred to our institution in 1996 with solitary erythema migrans and without prior antibiotic therapy, were included in this prospective study. Basic demographic features and clinical data were collected by questionnaire. The efficacy of the treatment of acute disease, development of major and/or minor manifestations of Lyme borreliosis and drug-related adverse effects were surveyed at follow-up visits during the first year after the initiation of antibiotic treatment. RESULTS Forty-six patients received cefuroxime axetil (group C) and 44, phenoxymethyl penicillin (group P). The two groups differed in terms of age (patients in group C were younger), but no other differences in demographic and clinical pre-treatment characteristics were present. The clinical course during the post-treatment period revealed no significant differences between the two groups: the duration of erythema migrans (7.1 +/- 7.5 days in group C, 10.6 +/- 19.3 days in group P) and the appearance of minor manifestations of Lyme borreliosis (8.8% in group C, 9.1% in group P) were comparable; no major manifestations were recorded. Twelve months after antibiotic treatment all patients were free of symptoms. The patients treated with cefuroxime axetil had more drug-related adverse effects than did those treated with phenoxymethyl penicillin (26.1% versus 6.8%, p = 0.0301). "Herxheimer's reaction" at the beginning of treatment was identified more often in group C than in group P, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Cefuroxime axetil and phenoxymethyl penicillin are equally effective in the treatment of children with solitary erythema migrans; however drug-related adverse effects were more frequently observed with cefuroxime axetil.
Undifferentiated and Differentiated PC12 Cells Protected by Huprines Against Injury Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide

Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a central role in the stress. Huprines, a group of potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), have shown a broad cholinergic pharmacological profile. Recently, it has been observed that huprine X (HX) improves cognition in non transgenic middle aged mice and shows a neuroprotective activity (increased synaptophysin expression) in 3xTg-AD mice. Consequently, in the present experiments the potential neuroprotective effect of huprines (HX, HY, HZ) has been analyzed in two different in vitro conditions: undifferentiated and NGF-differentiated PC12 cells. Cells were subjected to oxidative insult (H2O2, 200 µM) and the protective effects of HX, HY and HZ (0.01 µM–1 µM) were analyzed after a pre-incubation period of 24 and 48 hours. All huprines showed protective effects in both undifferentiated and NGF-differentiated cells, however only in differentiated cells the effect was dependent on cholinergic receptors as atropine (muscarinic antagonist, 0.1 µM) and mecamylamine (nicotinic antagonist, 100 µM) reverted the neuroprotection action of huprines. The decrease in SOD activity observed after oxidative insult was overcome in the presence of huprines and this effect was not mediated by muscarinic or nicotinic receptors. In conclusion, huprines displayed neuroprotective properties as previously observed in in vivo studies. In addition, these effects were mediated by cholinergic receptors only in differentiated cells. However, a non-cholinergic mechanism, probably through an increase in SOD activity, seems to be also involved in the neuroprotective effects of huprines.
Model-based threat assessment for lane guidance systems

This paper considers a threat assessment problem in a lane guidance application for semi-autonomous vehicles. In particular, in order to issue an autonomous assisting intervention, we assess the vehicle's ability to safely travel along a path subject to limitations arising from the vehicle's dynamics and the driver's ability. We first introduce a set of constraints describing "safe driving". For the specific lane guidance application considered in this paper, the constraints are set by the lane boundaries and the vehicle's stability limits. We then formulate the threat assessment problem as a constraints satisfaction problem over a finite time horizon, solved by resorting to reachabililty analysis and invariant set theory. Validation with experimental data demonstrates the capability of the proposed threat assessment method of predicting vehicle instability or crossing of the lane boundaries.
In‐hospital mortality and morbidity of elderly medical patients can be predicted at admission by the Modified Early Warning Score: a prospective study

Objective: Although early warning scores were originally derived as bedside tools for alerting the medical staff, they may serve as decision rules for the admission of medical patients. We conducted this study to investigate the ability of the Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) to identify a subset of patients at risk of deterioration, who might benefit from an increased level of attention.
Effect of visible light on dimethylsulfoniopropionate assimilation and conversion to dimethylsulfide in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400 to 700 nm) on the utilization of dissolved dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSPd) by microbial communities in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, using 35 S-labeled substrate. Rates of DMSPd-sulfur (DMSPd-S) assimilation into macromolecules of microorganisms in surface mixed layer seawater were 39 to 78% higher in samples that were incubated in the light than in dark controls. There was no photoinhibition in the light range tested (up to 1200 µmol pho- tons m �2 s �1 ). Leucine assimilation, an index of bacterial protein production, was also photostimu- lated and was significantly correlated (r = 0.93) to DMSPd-S assimilation, suggesting that cells can respond to an increase in S requirements for protein synthesis by assimilating DMSPd-S. Light- driven changes in DMSPd-S assimilation were inversely and significantly correlated (r = �0.57) to changes in the corresponding dimethylsulfide (DMS) yield (i.e. DMS produced per DMSP con- sumed), in support of the hypothesis that DMS is produced only after cellular sulfur requirements are met. While light-driven changes in DMSPd-S assimilation appear to affect DMS yield, more than half of the DMSPd product pool remained unidentified; thus, in addition to assimilation, there may be other metabolic processes or products that can regulate DMS production.
A New Approach for Generating Text Description of Images and Speech Synthesis

An image can be defined as a matrix of square pixels arranged in rows and columns. Image processing is a leading technology, which enhances raw images received from gadgets such as camera or a mobile phone in normal day to day life for various applications. An image to text and speech conversion system can be useful for improving accessibility of images for visually impaired as well as physically challenging people understand the scenario from the images and also train the system as that of human brain. The techniques of image segmentation and edge detection play an important role in implementing proposed system. The system generates text descriptions for an input image given by the user. Object wise generation of sentences, preposition and conjunction mapping is a challenging task. We formulate the interaction between image segmentation and object recognition in the framework of Canny algorithm. The system goes through various phases such as pre-processing, feature extraction, object recognition, edge detection, image segmentation and Text To Speech (TTS) conversion. The proposed system database consists of huge set of sample images, which help to perform training of database. The accuracy of proposed system is achieved due to the proper recognition of objects and sentences are formed making use of the recognized objects. These sample images consists of several categories of images. The system mainly consists of two main modules such as image to text and text to speech. An image to text module generates text descriptions in natural language based on understanding of image. A text to speech module generates speech synthesis in English from description of natural language.
Event-related potential studies of somatosensory detection and discrimination

This thesis contains four studies, the first examining methodology issues and four subsequent ones examining somatosensory cortical processing using event-related potentials (ERPs). The methodology section consists of 2 experiments. The first compared the latency variability in stimulus presentation between 3 computers. The second monitored the applied force of the vibration stimuli under experimental conditions to ensure that the chosen method for somatosensory stimulus presentation was consistent and reliable. The next study involved 3 experiments that aimed to characterize the mid to long latency somatosensory event-related potentials to different duration vibratory stimuli using both intracranial and scalp recording. The results revealed differences in the waveform morphology of the responses to and on-off responses, which had not previously been noted in the somatosensory system. The third and fourth studies each consisted of 2 experiments. These examined the discrimination between vibratory stimuli using an odd-ball paradigm to try to obtain a possible 'mismatch' response, similar to that reported in the auditory system. The aim of this study was to clarify some of the discrepancies in the literature surrounding the somatosensory mismatch response and to further characterize this response. The results from intracranial and scalp ERP recordings showed a two-component, negative-positive mismatch response over the anterior parietal region and a negative component over the superior pre-frontal region in response to changes in both frequency and duration. The negative component over the frontal region had never before been described. The last study explored possible interactions between somatosensory and auditory cortical potentials in response to spatially and temporally synchronized auditory and vibratory stimuli. The results showed clear interactions in the cortical responses to combined auditory and somatosensory stimuli in both standard and mismatch conditions.
S. pombe Kinesins-8 Promote Both Nucleation and Catastrophe of Microtubules

The kinesins-8 were originally thought to be microtubule depolymerases, but are now emerging as more versatile catalysts of microtubule dynamics. We show here that S. pombe Klp5-436 and Klp6-440 are non-processive plus-end-directed motors whose in vitro velocities on S. pombe microtubules at 7 and 23 nm s−1 are too slow to keep pace with the growing tips of dynamic interphase microtubules in living S. pombe. In vitro, Klp5 and 6 dimers exhibit a hitherto-undescribed combination of strong enhancement of microtubule nucleation with no effect on growth rate or catastrophe frequency. By contrast in vivo, both Klp5 and Klp6 promote microtubule catastrophe at cell ends whilst Klp6 also increases the number of interphase microtubule arrays (IMAs). Our data support a model in which Klp5/6 bind tightly to free tubulin heterodimers, strongly promoting the nucleation of new microtubules, and then continue to land as a tubulin-motor complex on the tips of growing microtubules, with the motors then dissociating after a few seconds residence on the lattice. In vivo, we predict that only at cell ends, when growing microtubule tips become lodged and their growth slows down, will Klp5/6 motor activity succeed in tracking growing microtubule tips. This mechanism would allow Klp5/6 to detect the arrival of microtubule tips at cells ends and to amplify the intrinsic tendency for microtubules to catastrophise in compression at cell ends. Our evidence identifies Klp5 and 6 as spatial regulators of microtubule dynamics that enhance both microtubule nucleation at the cell centre and microtubule catastrophe at the cell ends.