Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adult psychiatric status of hyperactive boys grown up.

OBJECTIVE Numerous studies have examined the adolescent and young adult fate of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In marked contrast, relatively little is known about the adult outcome of these children. There have been only two controlled, prospective studies of psychiatric status into adulthood. The present study was conducted to gain further understanding of the natural course of this common childhood condition. METHOD This was a prospective follow-up of clinically diagnosed, white boys of average intelligence who were referred by teachers to a child psychiatric research clinic at an average age of 7.3 years. At a mean age of 24.1 years, 85 probands (82% of the childhood cohort) and 73 comparison subjects (94% of adolescent comparison subjects) were directly interviewed by trained clinicians who were blind to group status. RESULTS Evaluations of the probands and comparison subjects indicated significantly higher prevalences of antisocial personality disorder (12% versus 3%) and nonalcohol substance abuse (12% versus 4%) in the probands, whereas mood disorders (4% versus 4%) and anxiety disorders (2% versus 7%) were not significantly different. At adult follow-up, ADHD was rare, occurring in only 4% of the probands (no comparison subjects). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study are consistent with the authors' previously reported major findings. They strongly suggest that children with ADHD are at significantly higher risk for a specific negative course marked by antisocial and substance-related disorders.
An investigation of the factors effective on the compliance behavior of the tax payers in the VAT system: A case study of Qazvin tax affairs general department

In all current nations, individuals reject new taxes and any increase in the dimensions of existent taxes and resist against them. Meanwhile, attention could be devoted to the examination of tax payers’ behavior as a very important ramification of the research on the issues of tax and tax collection. The present article aims at investigating the compliance behavior of the tax payers in the VAT (value added tax) system. For so doing, three factors of structural and content dimensions, including compliance costs, tax culture, complexity provision, were chosen and their effect on the extent of tax payers’ compliance were tested in terms of research hypotheses. To collect data, 250 questionnaires were distributed among tax payers of this system. Then, the gathered data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) and research hypotheses were tested by regression and correlation tests. Findings indicate that there is a statistically significant relationship between compliance costs and tax culture and tax payers’ compliance, but there is not any significant relationship between complexity provision and tax compliance. Key words: Value added tax (VAT), tax compliance, compliance cost, tax culture, complexity provision
A 14b 60 MS/s Pipelined ADC Adaptively Cancelling Opamp Gain and Nonlinearity

Opamp gain and nonlinearity are adaptively cancelled in a pipelined ADC that features global zero-forcing LMS feedback. Two unique circuit concepts are incorporated into the design. One is a programmable gain element that adjusts the opamp gain and nonlinearity error, and the other is a digitally implemented oversampling quantizer that detects the error polarity with high precision. The total opamp-induced error is removed using an opamp input error monitoring algorithm, which also eliminates the opamp noise and offset. The proposed nonlinearity-cancelled bottom-plate sampling helps to realize accurate inter-stage residue transfer and to alleviate the stringent requirement in the design of high-gain wideband opamps. A 60 MS/s pipelined ADC is prototyped in 0.18 μm CMOS. The chip exhibits a 14b INL with a 91 dB SFDR at 1.6 V using a plain un-cascoded two-stage opamp.
Analysis of uplink MU-MIMO performance and simulation method

First, the paper analyzes the basic principle of the uplink MU-MIMO and gives the user matching conditions and application suggestion. Then, an estimation method of uplink MU-MIMO gain is presented based on the tests analysis. At last, the performance of uplink MU-MIMO in the current user condition is also given.
Les risques sanitaires des produits dérivés de la chloration des eaux de bassins de natation

Les piscines sont frequentees par de nombreuses personnes a travers le monde, pour y nager ou pour s’y delasser. Cependant, l’atmosphere chloree des piscines pourrait etre responsable de problemes de sante. En effet, la majorite des piscines sont desinfectees par des produits a base de chlore –menant a la formation de derives potentiellement toxiques- et des etudes ont recemment attire l'attention sur les risques pour la sante lies a la frequentation des piscines. Il a entre autres ete suggere que l’exposition croissante et plus precoce des enfants aux produits de chloration des piscines pourrait, en association avec d’autres facteurs, etre impliquee dans l’incidence croissante de l’asthme et des allergies. Pour le moment, des mesures de prevention devraient etre prises pour diminuer le risque lie a l'exposition a ces derives (reduction de leur formation ou du moins de leur accumulation).
Characterization of human blood group scFv antibodies derived from a V gene phage‐display library

Summary. We previously reported the initial characterization of five human single‐chain Fv (scFv) antibody fragments specific for the blood group antigens B, D(Rh), E(Rh), Kpb and HI. The scFvs were isolated from a phageantibody library constructed from the variable region genes of two non‐immunized donors. In this paper we report the specificity, affinity and kinetics of antigen binding of these scFv fragments. All five scFvs agglutinated the appropriate red cell phenotype following the addition of a monoclonal antibody which recognizes a peptide tag incorporated into the scFv. The anti‐B and anti‐HI scFv molecules, which recognize high density carbohydrate antigens, spontaneously polymerized and agglutinated red cells directly. None of the antibody fragments showed cross‐reactivity with other red cell antigens, with the exception of the anti‐E which reacted weakly with E‐negative cells. Specific scFv binding was confirmed by ELISA, flow cytometry and radioactive labelling. The anti‐D scFv recognized 17 600 sites on cDE/cDE red cells with an association constant (Ka), of 5.2 × 107m1 and a rate constant for dissociation (koff) of 1.9 × 102 s‐1. The anti‐E scFv recognized 29 800 and 39 800 sites on cDE/cDE red cells in two experiments with Kas of 8.4 × 106 and 4.4 × 107m‐1. The koff for this antibody was 2.7 × 10‐2s‐1. The results demonstrate that scFv antibody fragments specific for cell surface antigens and possessing affnities typical of the primary immune response can be obtained from a phage‐display library.
Measuring efficiency under fixed proportion technologies

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) applications frequently involve nonsubstitutable inputs and nonsubstitutable outputs (that is, fixed proportion technologies). However, DEA theory requires substitutability. In this paper, we illustrate the consequences of nonsubstitutability on DEA efficiency estimates, and we develop new efficiency indicators that are similar to those of conventional DEA models except that they require nonsubstitutability. Then, using simulated and real-world datasets that encompass fixed proportion technologies, we compare DEA efficiency estimates with those of the new indicators. The examples demonstrate that DEA efficiency estimates are biased when inputs and outputs are nonsubstitutable. The degree of bias varies considerably among Decision Making Units, resulting in substantial differences in efficiency rankings between DEA and the new measures. And, over 90% of the units that DEA identifies as efficient are, in truth, not efficient. We conclude that when inputs and outputs are not substituted for either technological or other reasons, conventional DEA models should be replaced with models that account for nonsubstitutability.
RAGE and Soluble RAGE: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Cardiovascular Diseases

Receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is known to be involved in microvascular complications in diabetes. RAGE is also profoundly associated with macrovascular complications in diabetes through regulation of atherogenesis, angiogenic response, vascular injury, and inflammatory response. The potential significance of RAGE in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease appears not to be confined solely to nondiabetic rather than diabetic conditions. Numerous truncated forms of RAGE have recently been described, and the C-terminally truncated soluble form of RAGE has received much attention. Soluble RAGE consists of several forms, including endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE), which is a spliced variant of RAGE, and a shedded form derived from cell-surface RAGE. These heterogeneous forms of soluble RAGE, which carry all of the extracellular domains but are devoid of the transmembrane and intracytoplasmic domains, bind ligands including AGEs and can antagonize RAGE signaling in vitro and in vivo. ELISA systems have been developed to measure plasma esRAGE and total soluble RAGE, and the pathophysiological roles of soluble RAGE have begun to be unveiled clinically. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding pathophysiological roles in cardiovascular disease of RAGE and soluble RAGE and discuss their potential usefulness as therapeutic targets and biomarkers for the disease.
CLASSIFYING BANKRUPT FIRMS WITH FUNDS FLOW COMPONENTS

In their review of bankruptcy studies, Ball and Foster [1982] point out that such studies typically used a brute empiricism approach to choose the independent variables (financial ratios) for their models. Since an underlying theoretical rationale was not used to justify the selection of significant ratios, the empirical findings tended to be sample specific and not capable of indicating the most likely predictors of financial distress. As a step toward overcoming this shortcoming we chose a cash-based funds flow model developed in 1972 by Helfert [1982] and suggested in the FASB Exposure Draft [1981] as the basis for our study of bankruptcy prediction. The primary objective of this study is to test such a model by assessing whether cash-based funds flow ratios can adequately classify failed and nonfailed companies and serve as an alternative to financial ratios computed using accrual accounting. As such, our study complements the one by Casey and Bartczak [1985] which investigates cash flow from operations. Our logit findings substantiate Casey and Bartczak's findings that cash flow from operations does not improve the classification results of failed and nonfailed companies. Additionally we found the dividend funds flow component in a logit model was significant in distinguishing between failed and nonfailed companies. In the next section we introduce a cash-based funds flow model to be used for classification purposes. The selection of the companies to be
A moving vehicle segmentation method based on clustering of feature points for tracking at urban intersection

Video-based moving vehicle detection and tracking are important parts of modern intelligent transportation system (ITS). They can provide valuable information such as vehicle velocity and trajectory for ITS. However, vehicle tracking at urban intersection is more challenging than that at highway, due to the complicated scenarios, such as the variety of vehicle moving direction, inter-vehicle clustering and occlusion. Many successful vehicle tracking systems developed for high way vehicle tracking based on the blob-tracking approach failed to provide acceptable performance at urban intersections when there are heavy vehicle occlusion or vehicles close to each other. This paper proposes a novel vehicle segmentation method for moving vehicle segmentation at urban intersection by seeking the spatial-temporal matching of feature points. Experimental results show that feature point may be taken as an important cue for moving vehicle segmentation and tracking under sophisticated traffic situation.
Riesz Modal logic for Markov processes

We investigate a modal logic for expressing properties of Markov processes whose semantics is real-valued, rather than Boolean, and based on the mathematical theory of Riesz spaces. We use the duality theory of Riesz spaces to provide a connection between Markov processes and the logic. This takes the form of a duality between the category of coalgebras of the Radon monad (modeling Markov processes) and the category of a new class of algebras (algebraizing the logic) which we call modal Riesz spaces. As a result, we obtain a sound and complete axiomatization of the Riesz Modal logic.
Structure and function of the BAH‐containing domain of Orc1p in epigenetic silencing

The N‐terminal domain of the largest subunit of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae origin recognition complex (Orc1p) functions in transcriptional silencing and contains a bromo‐adjacent homology (BAH) domain found in some chromatin‐associated proteins including Sir3p. The 2.2 Å crystal structure of the N‐terminal domain of Orc1p revealed a BAH core and a non‐conserved helical sub‐domain. Mutational analyses demonstrated that the helical sub‐domain was necessary and sufficient to bind Sir1p, and critical for targeting Sir1p primarily to the cis‐acting E silencers at the HMR and HML silent chromatin domains. In the absence of the BAH domain, ∼14–20% of cells in a population were silenced at the HML locus. Moreover, the distributions of the Sir2p, Sir3p and Sir4p proteins, while normal, were at levels lower than found in wild‐type cells. Thus, in the absence of the Orc1p BAH domain, HML resembled silencing of genes adjacent to telomeres. These data are consistent with the view that the Orc1p–Sir1p interaction at the E silencers ensures stable inheritance of pre‐established Sir2p, Sir3p and Sir4p complexes at the silent mating type loci.
On the Variability of the Front-/Back-Channel LF Noise in UTBOX SOI nMOSFETs

The low-frequency noise has been studied in ultrathin-buried-oxide silicon-on-insulator nMOSFETs, analyzing the impact of different silicon film thicknesses and the front-/back-channel coupling. Significant device-to-device spread has been observed in the noise performance as well as in Vth and μN features, pointing out the influence of a nonuniform silicon film thickness that also affects the quality of the Si/SiO2 interface. The occurrence of generation-recombination centers has been ascribed to traps present not only in the silicon film but also in the front/back oxide since the Fermi level can be swept over a large fraction of the band gap, owing to the higher electrical coupling between both interfaces.
The Second Moment

This brief article discusses the statistical “second moment” that measures the variability in a distribution. Over the years, society’s focus has expanded from looking only at first moments to considering second moments. A consideration of second moments of the distributions of an array of economic variables can aid in understanding societal concerns about outcomes and risk tolerance following the recent global financial crisis. Such an understanding provides a basis for interpreting the use of various mechanisms, including prudent asset allocation, options, regulation of the freedom to make contracts, state participation in markets, and taxation. This brief article discusses the statistical “second moment” that measures the variability in a distribution. Over the years, society’s focus has expanded from looking only at first moments to considering second moments. So, we look, for example, not only at the average wage but also at the distribution of wages; we look not only at the expansion of GDP but also at the differences in the way it affects individuals. Considering the second moment is a big advance in the way society evaluates both outcomes and risk tolerance. A consideration of second moments of the distributions of an array of economic variables can aid in understanding societal concerns about outcomes and risk tolerance following the recent global financial crisis. Such an understanding provides a basis for interpreting the use of various mechanisms, including prudent asset allocation, options, regulation of the freedom to make contracts, state participation in markets, and taxation. Note: The author’s views expressed in this article are entirely his own and may not reflect the views held by Russell Investments.
Stakeholder Evaluation Priorities for Demonstrating Marine Protected Area Effectiveness at the Pacific Rim National Park Reserve, Canada

This study addresses the often advocated involvement of stakeholder groups in all aspects of marine protected area management including the development of an evaluation program. In the absence of clear management objectives, the study investigates the opinions of five non-aboriginal stakeholder groups on the importance, purpose and content of an evaluation at Pacific Rim National Park on the West coast of Canada. Information needs of stakeholders are identified in an open question format as well as based on a list of pre-defined indicators. Findings indicate that both approaches identify unique indicators. Indicators revealed in the open-ended format are more detailed and reflect the local context of the park reserve. Presenting a list of indicators, however, illustrates evaluation priorities more clearly as frequencies of responses for priority indicators are higher. Statistical analysis reveals general agreement among the five groups on the importance, purpose, and content of an evaluation. Only a few differences are obvious in the choice of evaluation indicators between commercial and non-commercial stakeholder groups.
The Structure of Scientific Opinion on Climate Change

Over the past several decades, environmental issues have become a steadily more significant part of political discourse in the United States and around the world. Since the 1990s, politicians, journalists, and the public have focused increasingly on global climate change, the possibility that human activities are creating significant increases in planetary temperatures. Throughout these debates, the comments of technical experts have played an important part. However, the debate has had an important political dimension, with policymakers either seeking out scientific voices in support of their policies or discounting scientific opinion that failed to support them. The Obama administration has taken global climate change as a given and has enlisted scientific expertise in developing its policies to combat global warming, a sharp contrast from Republican efforts during the George W. Bush presidency to undermine prevailing theories of climate change (Broder, 2009; Broder & Wald, 2009; Clayton, 2007; Harris, 2008; McCright & Dunlap, 2003; Revkin, 2005, 2006; Rich & Merrick, 2007; Rosenthal, 2009). Ironically, this change in government policy has coincided with increasing public doubt that the scientific community accepts the reality of anthropogenic warming. Researchers at Yale and George Mason University found that the proportion of respondents agreeing that ‘‘most scientists think global warming is happening’’ dropped from 47% in 2008 to only 34% in 2010. Only 5% believe most scientists reject the existence of global warming; a plurality of 40% sees ‘‘a lot of disagreement’’ among scientists (Leiserowitz, Maibach & Roser-Renouf, 2010). These public doubts could not have been allayed by the 2009 public release of hacked emails from climate scientists at the University of East Anglia, which the popular press dubbed ‘‘climategate. ’’ Independent reviews exonerated the scientists of all charges of misconduct or impropriety. Nonetheless, the incident generated
High Incidence of PRSS1 and SPINK1 Mutations in Korean Children With Acute Recurrent and Chronic Pancreatitis

Objectives: We evaluated the frequencies and clinical consequences of mutations in the genes encoding cationic trypsinogen, serine protease 1 (PRSS1), and serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) in children with acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). Patients and Methods: The study population consisted of 32 children with ARP or CP and 28 healthy controls. We analyzed clinical data and the sequences of the entire coding region and the intron-exon boundaries of the PRSS1 and SPINK1 genes from each patient. Results: Fifteen (46.9%) of the 32 patients had at least 1 PRSS1 or SPINK1 mutation. Four (12.5%) of the 32 patients carried the p.N29I, p.R122H, or p.N29T mutation or a p.G208A variant of the PRSS1 gene in a heterozygote state. Eleven (34.4%) of the 32 patients carried either the IVS3 + 2T>C or p.N34S mutation of the SPINK1 gene. No PRSS1 or SPINK1 mutations were identified in the control group. In particular, mutations were identified in 4 of our patients who experienced pancreas divisum with CP, whereas the remaining 2 patients with pancreas divisum and ARP did not have mutation. Conclusions: The frequencies of the PRSS1 and SPINK1 mutations are relatively high in Korean children with ARP or CP. Mutations in the PRSS1 and SPINK1 genes are highly associated with the development of childhood ARP or CP. Our findings suggest that patients with genetic mutations combined with pancreas divisum tend to develop CP early.
Nanotubular structures developed from whey‐based α‐lactalbumin fractions for food applications

Whey proteins have high nutritional value providing use in dietary purposes and improvement of technological properties in processed foods. Functionality of the whey‐based α‐lactalbumin (α‐La) may be increased when assembled in the form of nanotubes, promising novel potential applications subject to investigation. The purpose of this study was to extract highly pure α‐La from whey protein isolate (WPI) and whey powder (WP) and to construct protein nanotubes from them for industrial applications. For protein fractionation, WPI was directly fed to chromatography, however, WP was first subjected to membrane filtration and the retentate fraction, whey protein concentrate (WPC), was obtained and then used for chromatographic separation. α‐La and, additionally β‐Lg, were purified at the same batches with the purities in the range of 95%–99%. After enzymatic hydrolysis, WPI‐based α‐La produced chain‐like and long nanotubules with ∼20 nm width while WPC‐based α‐La produced thinner, miscellaneous, and fibril‐like nanostructures by self‐assembly. Raman and FT‐IR spectroscopies revealed that α‐La fractions, obtained from both sources and the nanostructures, developed using both fractions have some structural differences due to conformation of secondary structure elements. Nanotube formation induced gelation and nanotubular gel network entrapped a colorant uniformly with a transparent appearance. Dairy‐based α‐La protein nanotubules could be served as alternative gelling agents and the carriers of natural colorants in various food processes. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 30:1301–1310, 2014
NEW ESTIMATES OF THE OPTIMAL TAX ON ALCOHOL

In this paper I use a new data set to estimate the optimal alcohol tax rate. As a benchmark, the empirical results imply that the optimal tax rate is over 100 percent of the net-of-tax price. However, alcohol taxation is a second-best solution to the problems associated with alcohol abuse. I conclude that the optimal alcohol tax rate would be much lower if punishment for drunk driving were more certain and severe. Government provision of information about the health consequences of heavy drinking would also remove part of the efficiency rationale for alcohol taxes.