Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal reasoning in the situation calculus

A fundamental problem in Knowledge Representation is the design of a logical language to express theories about actions and change. One of the most prominent proposals for such a language is John McCarthy's situation calculus, a formalism which views situations as branching towards the future. The situation calculus has been criticized for imposing severe representational limitations. For example, actions cannot be concurrent, properties change discreetly, etc. In this thesis we show that many of these limitations can be overcome. Our work builds upon the discrete situation calculus and on Reiter's montonic solution to the frame problem. A limitation of Reiter's approach is that it does not allow for state constraints. However, Lin and Reiter have made progress by providing a correctness criterion by which one can determine if an axiomatization can be said to solve the frame problem for theories that include state constraints. In this thesis we extend Lin and Reiter's work on the ramification problem by providing mechanisms to deal with theories of action that include binary state constraints and/or stratified definitions. Furthermore, we show how to extend the situation calculus to deal with a wider range of representational issues. In particular, we provide an approach to represent determinate knowledge about the future. Also, we extend the situation calculus to deal with concurrent actions. This problem is addressed by separating the problem into a precondition interaction problem and an effect interaction problem. Moreover, we present an enriched ontology of the situation calculus that allows the representation of knowledge about continuous properties of the world. We introduce the notion of a natural event, which is the result of a process governed by the laws of nature. Finally, we show that the situation calculus provides a better logical foundation for reasoning about actions and time than some other popular temporal logics.
Metallic superlens design using the long-range SPP mode cutoff technique

The metallic superlens of a single negative permittivity is easier to implement than the double negative material superlens and can be applied to nano-scale resolution lithography. The metallic superlens amplifies by the resonance the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waves, which carry the sub-wavelength detail information of the object. However, the excitations of the long- and the short-range SPP modes of the metal slab lead to two peaks in the transfer function which enhance the spatial frequencies disproportionally, resulting in strong sidelobes in the image. Conventionally the metallic superlens is designed by trials without rules to follow. We propose to design the metallic superlens by approaching the cutoff condition of the long-range SPP mode in order to flatten the transfer function and to improve the imaging performance significantly. Design experiments of Al and Ag superlens with both the transfer-matrix approach and the numerical Finite Difference in Time Domain method are shown.
Production of a Monoclonal Antibody for the Detection of Forchlorfenuron: Application in an Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Immunochromatographic Strip

In this study, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific to forchlorfenuron (CPPU) with high sensitivity and specificity was produced and designated (9G9). To detect CPPU in cucumber samples, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) and a colloidal gold nanobead immunochromatographic test strip (CGN-ICTS) were established using 9G9. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and the LOD for the developed ic-ELISA were determined to be 0.19 ng/mL and 0.04 ng/mL in the sample dilution buffer, respectively. The results indicate that the sensitivity of the antibodies prepared in this study (9G9 mAb) was higher than those reported in the previous literature. On the other hand, in order to achieve rapid and accurate detection of CPPU, CGN-ICTS is indispensable. The IC50 and the LOD for the CGN-ICTS were determined to be 27 ng/mL and 6.1 ng/mL. The average recoveries of the CGN-ICTS ranged from 68 to 82%. The CGN-ICTS and ic-ELISA quantitative results were all confirmed by liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with 84–92% recoveries, which indicated the methods developed herein are appropriate for detecting CPPU in cucumber. The CGN-ICTS method is capable of both qualitative and semiquantitative analysis of CPPU, which makes it a suitable alternative complex instrument method for on-site detection of CPPU in cucumber samples since it does not require specialized equipment.
Band Gap Closure in MnS under Pressure

Manganese chalcogenides are being actively studied both experimentally and theoretically because of the metal-to-insulator transition under pressure and possible catalytic, optical and magnetic applications [1–3]. In particular, binary manganese sulfide MnS was found in several crystal phases: α–γ-MnS. The α-MnS phase crystallizes in cubic structure (Space Group Fm3m), and γ-MnS–in hexagonal structure (SG P63mc). It is known that γ-MnS is metastable when heated to 200–300 ◦C; it becomes the α-MnS phase [1]. We carried out our theoretical studies of this compound taking into account the antiferromagnetic ordering of the manganese ions at the ambient conditions and in compressed unit cells. To study the electronic structure of MnS, our calculations were done in the Quantum ESPRESSO software package [4] using the DFT + U method [5] for the PedewBurke-Ernsenhof (PBE) form of the exchange–correlation function [6]. MnS is a wide-band insulator in environmental conditions. In the course of the study, it was found out that in order to reproduce a wide gap, strong electron correlations should be taken into account. Thus, to obtain the experimental value of the band gap, the values of the Coulomb interaction parameter U = 6.9 eV and the exchange interaction J = 0.86 eV were taken. It is also worth noting that taking into account electron correlations affects the γ-MnS more strongly and when the maximum parameter of the Coulomb interaction parameter U = 6.9 eV is reached; the width of the electron gap of the γ-MnS reaches about 2 eV, while the α-MnS has a band gap width of no more than 1 eV. For compressed volumes of the unit cell, it was found that with increasing pressure on the unit cell, the band gap width decreases and finally closes for the cell volume, which is about 50% of the ambient volume. Thus, the closure of the energy gap and the increase in metallic states at the Fermi energy demonstrate the experimentally observed transition from insulator to metal in MnS.
Compound‐matrix Riccati method for solving boundary‐value problems

Numerically difficult boundary‐value problems for linear ODE systems can be solved with the compound‐matrix and Riccati methods. A drawback with the compound‐matrix method is that the dimensions of the ODE systems for the compound quantities can become large. Explicit quadratic relations, with relevance to quadrics in Grassmannian manifold theory, are derived for these quantities and used to reduce the system dimensions, whereby the “compound‐matrix Riccati” method appears. Compared to the traditional Riccati method, an additional forward‐sweep equation is included, which allows reconstruction of all compound‐vector elements. The well‐known singularity problems with the Riccati method are thereby removed. In particular, argument‐variation techniques for determination of eigenvalues become applicable. Seismo‐acoustic wave propagation in laterally homogeneous anisotropic media is considered as an example. The example indicates that region‐dependent mode classification, previously shown for isotropic fluid‐solid media, can be generalized to the anisotropic case. This generalization is subsequently made theoretically.
Design and Simulation of Phase Synchronizer for Adiabatic Quantum Flux Parametron Circuits

An adiabatic quantum flux parametron (AQFP) is a two-terminal superconducting device capable of amplifying or inverting digital input signals at near-kT energy dissipation. This ultra-low power device is desirable for myriad reasons, including high performance accelerator applications as CMOS processors become more and more limited by energy consumption. Promising performance results have been realized on AQFP processors; however, scaling these results to larger computing systems faces engineering challenges due to device density and power distribution. AQFP circuits require a multi-phase activation signal to propagate logic. If data is not properly aligned with the activation phase, it can be dropped or shifted to an incorrect phase and disrupt circuit operation. This work presents design and simulation of an activation phase synchronizer: a simple circuit that will accept data arriving on any phase and re-align it to a known phase of the subsequent cycle. The phase synchronizer can be useful for mitigating clock skew across clock domains or play an important role in asynchronous design where the arrival time of data may be unknown.
Intraclass Image Augmentation for Defect Detection Using Generative Adversarial Neural Networks

Surface defect identification based on computer vision algorithms often leads to inadequate generalization ability due to large intraclass variation. Diversity in lighting conditions, noise components, defect size, shape, and position make the problem challenging. To solve the problem, this paper develops a pixel-level image augmentation method that is based on image-to-image translation with generative adversarial neural networks (GANs) conditioned on fine-grained labels. The GAN model proposed in this work, referred to as Magna-Defect-GAN, is capable of taking control of the image generation process and producing image samples that are highly realistic in terms of variations. Firstly, the surface defect dataset based on the magnetic particle inspection (MPI) method is acquired in a controlled environment. Then, the Magna-Defect-GAN model is trained, and new synthetic image samples with large intraclass variations are generated. These synthetic image samples artificially inflate the training dataset size in terms of intraclass diversity. Finally, the enlarged dataset is used to train a defect identification model. Experimental results demonstrate that the Magna-Defect-GAN model can generate realistic and high-resolution surface defect images up to the resolution of 512 × 512 in a controlled manner. We also show that this augmentation method can boost accuracy and be easily adapted to any other surface defect identification models.
Cell proliferation and glial cell marker expression in the wall of the third ventricle in the tuberal region of the male mouse hypothalamus during postnatal development

The third ventricle (3 V) wall of the tuberal hypothalamus is composed of two types of cells; specialized ependymoglial cells called tanycytes located ventrally and ependymocytes dorsally, which control the exchanges between the cerebrospinal fluid and the hypothalamic parenchyma. By regulating the dialogue between the brain and the periphery, tanycytes are now recognized as central players in the control of major hypothalamic functions such as energy metabolism and reproduction. While our knowledge of the biology of adult tanycytes is progressing rapidly, our understanding of their development remains very incomplete. To gain insight into the postnatal maturation of the 3 V ependymal lining, we conducted a comprehensive immunofluorescent study of the mouse tuberal region at four postnatal ages (postnatal day (P) 0, P4, P10, and P20). We analyzed the expression profile of a panel of tanycyte and ependymocyte markers (vimentin, S100, connexin‐43 [Cx43], and glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]) and characterized cell proliferation in the 3 V wall using the thymidine analog bromodeoxyuridine. Our results show that most changes in marker expression occur between P4 and P10, with a switch from a 3 V mostly lined by radial cells to the emergence of a tanycytic domain ventrally and an ependymocytic domain dorsally, a drop in cell proliferation and increased expression of S100, Cx43, and GFAP that acquire a mature profile at P20. Our study thus identifies the transition between the first and the second postnatal week as a critical time window for the postnatal maturation of the 3 V wall ependymal lining.
Integrated adaptive robust control for multilateral teleoperation systems under arbitrary time delays

With the increasing industrial requirements such as bigger size object, stable operation, and complex task, multilateral teleoperation systems extended from traditional bilateral teleoperation are widely developed. In this paper, the integrated control design is developed for multilateral teleoperation systems, where n master manipulators are operated by human to remotely control n slave manipulators cooperatively handling a target object. For the first time, the control objectives of multilateral teleoperation including stability, synchronization, transparency, and internal force distribution are clarified systematically. A novel communication architecture is proposed to cope with communication delays, where the estimated environmental parameters are transmitted from the slave side to the master, to replace the traditional environmental force measurement in the communication channel. A kind of nonlinear adaptive robust control technique is used to deal with nonlinearities, unknown parameters, and modeling uncertainties existing in the master, slave, and environmental dynamics, so that the excellent tracking performance is achieved in both master and slave sides. The coordinated motion/force control is designed in the slave side by the optimal internal force distribution among n slave manipulators, and the impedance control is designed in the master side to realize the target transparency behavior. In summary, the proposed control algorithm can achieve the guaranteed robust stability, the excellent synchronization and transparency performance, and the optimal internal force distribution simultaneously for multilateral teleoperation systems under arbitrary time delays and various modeling uncertainties. The simulation is carried out on a 2‐master/2‐slave teleoperation system, and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed control design. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Building Voronoi Diagrams for Convex Polygons in Linear Expected Time

Let P be a list of points in the plane such that the points of P taken in order form the vertices of a convex polygon. We introduce a simple, linear expected-time algorithm for finding the Voronoi diagram of the points in P. Unlike previous results on expected-time algorithms for Voronoi diagrams, this method does not require any assumptions about the distribution of points. With minor modifications, this method can be used to design fast algorithms for certain problems involving unrestricted sets of points. For example, fast expected-time algorithms can be designed to delete a point from a Voronoi diagram, to build an order k Voronoi diagram for an arbitrary set of points, and to determine the smallest enclosing circle for points at the vertices of a convex hull.
Magnetic properties of multiferroic K3Cr2Fe3F15

The local electronic and structural as well as the macroscopic magnetic properties of K3Cr2Fe3F15 have been studied between room temperature and 4 K. The system has been found to be isostructural with ferroelectric and weakly ferrimagnetic K3Fe5F15 above the ferroelectric transition temperature Tc. The X-band and 216 GHz Cr3+ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra as well as the magnetic susceptibility and Mossbauer data show the existence of two magnetic relaxor type transitions around 37 and 17 K. The K39 magic angle sample spinning NMR, EPR, and the Mossbauer data further demonstrate the existence of two nonequivalent Fe, Cr, and K sites in the unit cell as well as the presence of rapid exchange at higher temperatures. The observation of the Fe2+ EPR and Mossbauer spectra shows that the Fe2+ ion is in a high spin state.
BC-MVLiM: A Binary-Compatible Multi-Valued Logic-in-Memory Based on Memristive Crossbars

Logic-in-memory with memristive crossbars is an attractive approach for realizing beyond von Neumann architectures. Multi-valued logic (MVL) containing more than two logic levels can enhance the computing speed with reduced number of logic operations. In this paper, a binary-compatible multi-valued logic-in-memory (BC-MVLiM) scheme is proposed with memristive dual-crossbars where both inputs and outputs are represented by the multi-level cells of memristors. Both of the binary and multiple-valued logic operations can be implemented in the proposed BC-MVLiM scheme depending on the radix of inputs. The proposed BC-MVLiM circuitry supports multiple row-wise and column-wise logic gates with multiple fan-ins and fan-outs for binary and ternary systems by leveraging both inter- and intra-crossbar operations. Experimental results show that the proposed BC-MVLiM-based multi-digit adder enhances the computation speed by up to 76.10% and 83.82%, for binary and ternary systems, respectively, as compared with the previously published memristive logic designs. By preventing the errors from propagating across multiple stages, the error rate of proposed BC-MVLiM is also reduced by up to 98.20% compared to the previous memristive logic designs in the presence of device variations.
How Using Parental Control Software Can Enhance Parents’ Well-Being: The Role of Product Features on Parental Efficacy and Stress

Today, children's smartphone overuse and digital addiction are among parents’ top concerns. To address this issue, technology firms have developed services to help parents monitor their children's screen time. The literature on the impact of parental control tends to focus on the well-being of children, often overlooking the effects of parenting control on the well-being of parents themselves. This research investigates the psychological outcomes associated with delegating parental control to software. The authors conducted two surveys and three experiments among samples of parents in France and the United Kingdom. The results show that resorting to digitally assisted control improves anticipated well-being by decreasing role overload and increasing parental efficacy (Study 1). Moreover, product features play a critical role: software designs that promote children's autonomy (Study 2) or product autonomy (Study 3) tend to be less effective in improving parents’ anticipated well-being. Implications for technology companies are discussed.
Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis of Superconductor Power Mesh Using JSICsim

We have been developing a power supply analysis tool for Josephson junction-based circuits, embedded in our analog simulator JSICsim, supporting power-related analysis functions such as current distribution, invalid DC biases, and variance map analysis. The power analysis procedure involves the power mesh layout processing based on different types of models. The power mesh is converted into a netlist, which will be used to form a top-level netlist together with the core netlist. Using JSICsim for simulation and iteration, the current distribution data could be obtained, and its static and dynamic heat map could be rendered for designers. In this article, we also demonstrate several testbench circuits fabricated by using SIMIT-Nb03 technology, providing their simulation and testing results with analysis. The results show that by using this power supply analysis tool, the designers can locate the potential high-risk areas in terms of the current distribution in their design and use this information for improvement before fabrication.
Symplectic Geometry Aspects of the Parametrically-Dependent Kardar–Parisi–Zhang Equation of Spin Glasses Theory, Its Integrability and Related Thermodynamic Stability

A thermodynamically unstable spin glass growth model described by means of the parametrically-dependent Kardar–Parisi–Zhang equation is analyzed within the symplectic geometry-based gradient–holonomic and optimal control motivated algorithms. The finitely-parametric functional extensions of the model are studied, and the existence of conservation laws and the related Hamiltonian structure is stated. A relationship of the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang equation to a so called dark type class of integrable dynamical systems, on functional manifolds with hidden symmetries, is stated.
Life projects, motivational and volitional features, and field of possibilities: A theoretical model

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to outline a model on the associations between life project (LP), motivational and volitional features, and the field of possibilities. It consists of a qualitative study carried out via interviews with 26 Brazilian citizens and the interviews were assessed through thematic analysis. From an ideographic perspective, the findings suggest social inequalities and strong value of the family drove self-regulation and motives for autonomy and relatedness. In turn, such motives influenced the construction and implementation of LPs. From a nomothetic perspective, a theoretical model was created to stress the impact of the field of possibilities on LPs with the mediation of motivational and volitional features. Future studies still need to test the model from a confirmatory perspective.
Survival Curve for Cancer Patients Following Treatment

Abstract On the basis of experience with calculated survivorships of patients following treatment for cancer, a simple function, in terms of two physically meaningful parameters, has been evolved, which fits such survivorship data very well. These two parameters can be used to compare succinctly the mortality of two groups, different in respect of treatment, type of cancer, or other characteristics. The parameters are c (“cured”), which represents the proportion of the population which is subject only to “normal” death rates, and β, which is the death rate from the cancer, to which the rest of the population [not “cured,” (1–c)] is subject. Thus if one treatment is characterized by c 1 = 0.30, β 1 = 0.25, another by c 2 = 0.20, β 2 = 0.15, this could be interpreted as meaning that while the first treatment “cured” a larger proportion of the population than did the second treatment, it did not ameliorate the deaths attributable to cancer in the patients not cured as much as did the second treatment. If l T.
The Velocity Tracking Problem for Navier--Stokes Flows with Bounded Distributed Controls

We present some systematic approaches to the mathematical analysis and numerical approximation of the time dependent optimal control problem of tracking the velocity for Navier--Stokes flows in bounded two-dimensional domains with bounded distributed controls. We study the existence of optimal solutions and derive an optimality system from which optimal solutions may be determined. We also define and analyze semidiscrete-in-time and fully space-time discrete approximations of the optimality system and a gradient method for the solution of the fully discrete system. The results of some computational experiments are provided.
Linear discriminant analysis for face recognition: comparison of subspace approach with regularization method

This paper compares two face recognition methods based on Linear Discriminant Analysis: Subspace and Regularization method. These methods are tested for different parameters, different size of feature vector, Euclidean distance and modified Euclidean distance, for both LDA and Dual LDA method. Before using LDA, face images are described using selected frequency channels of DFT.